bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Watermarking Integrated With Kalman Filter‐Based Cyber Attack Detection Strategy in Cyber‐Physical Microgrid
Authors: Priya E. , Roselyn J. Preetha , Vedachalam N. , Devaraj D. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCyber‐physical power system (CPPS) has emerged due to the integration of communication, and information advancement in the electrical grid. Owing to the extensive growth of the DC‐microgrid (DC‐MG) network, and even with the implementation of advanced control, monitoring, and operating methods, these networks remain vulnerable to a range of cyber attacks in the near future. Thus, it is crucial to defend against assaults on these networked cyber‐physical systems (CPS). In this work, false data injection (FDI) attacks, time delay attacks, replay attacks, and malware‐based attacks are created in the test system and the system performance is measured. These attacks can be identified and recognized by the proposed cyber attack detection methodology based on dynamic watermarking with a Kalman filter for analyzing the terminal current, and load current using smart sensors, actuators, and controllers to eliminate the state of the system. The dynamic signals with watermarking can identify malicious misbehavior from sensors and actuators. This paper also demonstrates how networked systems of sensors and actuators can be secured using the proposed cyber detection approach. The aforementioned cyber attacks are created in the DC‐MG test system with four distributed generation units representing four physical nodes in a networked cyber‐physical power system created in MATLAB environment version 2023b. The purpose of examining the simulation results for various attacks is to assess the performance of the proposed methodology. The results shows the performance of the proposed strategy can give a more reliable and accurate decision method.
Function‐Valued Marked Spatial Point Processes on Linear Networks: Application to Urban Cycling Profiles
Authors: Eckardt Matthias , Mateu Jorge , Moradi Mehdi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the literature on spatial point processes, there is an emerging challenge in studying marked point processes with points being labelled by functions. In this paper, we focus on point processes living on linear networks and, from distinct points of view, propose several mark summary characteristics that are of great use in studying the average association and dispersion of the function‐valued marks. Through a simulation study, we evaluate the performance of our proposed mark summary characteristics, both when marks are independent and when some sort of spatial dependence is evident among them. Finally, we employ our proposed mark summary characteristics to study the spatial structure of urban cycling profiles in Vancouver, Canada.
Synthesis of Superabsorbent Polymers Based on Sulfated Starch and Study of Their Water Absorption Properties
Authors: Kaewtong Chatthai , Saikrasun Sunan , Tanpichai Supachok , Cheerarot Onanong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aims to synthesize and characterize a sulfated‐starch‐based superabsorbent polymer (S‐SAP). The S‐SAP is prepared by grafting 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylic acid (AA) onto sulfated starch, which is subsequently crosslinked using N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBA) via free radical polymerization with ammonium persulfate as the initiator. The successful grafting of AA and AMPS onto the starch backbone improves the thermal stability and increases the swelling capacity of the polymer. The swelling capacity and reusability of the S‐SAP are compared with those of commercial superabsorbent polymers (C‐SAPs). The swelling capacity of the S‐SAP is higher than those of C‐SAPs, reaching 417 g g−1 in distilled water and 47 g g−1 in a 0.15 M NaCl solution. The water absorption kinetics of the S‐SAP shows a good fit with the pseudo‐second‐order model. The polymer prepared herein has potential applications in horticulture and agriculture.
Punching shear behavior of steel fiber‐reinforced slabs with Filigran® punching shear reinforcement
Authors: Faustmann Sören , Landler Josef , Fischer Oliver , Bauermeister Ulrich , Furche Johannes 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor strengthening punching shear endangered areas, both (1) punching shear reinforcement such as stirrups, headed studs or lattice girders and (2) the use of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete (SFRC) have been investigated and applied for many years. In contrast, the combination of both of these strengthening methods is way less investigated and there are mainly studies on slabs with stirrups or headed studs in combination with SFRC which show a high potential for increasing the load‐bearing capacity for the same slab geometry. Relevant investigations with other types of punching shear reinforcement in combination with SFRC are not known. In order to fill this gap, four full‐scale tests were performed on slabs made of SFRC combined with a high‐performance punching shear reinforcement (Filigran FDB). These tests are based on a plain concrete benchmark test with FDB punching shear reinforcement from the literature. The present paper describes and discusses the design, execution, key results and lessons learnt from these experimental tests. The addition of steel fibers strengthens the punching shear reinforcement, leads to smaller crack widths, and increases the ductility of the compression zone around the column. This results in significantly higher punching shear resistance. While the tested punching shear reinforcement (FDB) increases the resistance of the plain concrete benchmark test to 2.16 times the resistance of plain concrete without shear reinforcement (VRk,c), the addition of steel fibers in the tests shows resistances up to 2.79 · VRk,c. Thus, the additional increase due to the fibers was up to 30%.
The Factors Facilitate Teachers’ Use of Textbooks: An NCM Story
Authors: Wu Jiaqi , Yu Guowen , Zhang Dan , Qian Shouwang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStudying the influence mechanism of textbooks on teachers is of great significance to the compilation and improvement of textbooks. Based on the questionnaire survey on the impact of NCM (New Century Mathematics) mathematics textbooks on teachers this study selected 16 teachers for semi-structured interviews to explore how textbooks influence teachers and the factors facilitate teachers’ use of textbooks. Through the analysis of the text, it is found that the textbooks all contribute to teaching but in different ways. Besides the teachers’ internal motivation, teaching experience and teaching and research activities affect teachers’ use of textbooks.
Pursuing Mathematics Textbooks’ Education—Orientation Through Building Up Systematic Problems-Based Designs: An Overall Introduction to the Ideas of Developing Mathematics Textbooks for Grade 7-9 Published by Beijing Normal University Press
Authors: Ma Fu , Zhu Chenfei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTextbook development should be based on careful researches and will experience many iterated progressive revising cycles. After this time’s revising cycle, Mathematics Textbooks for Grade 7-9 Published by Beijing Normal University Press (shorted as “BNUM (7-9)” hereafter) are “education-oriented” and have systematic “problems-based” designs for the seek of possessing sufficient educational values. This paper firstly explains the conception of “education-oriented textbooks” and its main features. Then, it illustrates the idea about “problems-based designs” and why do those designs work. Lastly, it clarifies design principles, structures and layouts, and characteristics of “problems-based” in BNUM (7-9).
Problem Posing Tasks in the BNU Middle School Mathematics Textbooks in China
Authors: Gu Jiling , Zhao Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProblem posing tasks presented in textbook series are of great importance for teachers’ daily teaching and students’ learning. In this paper it is investigated the problem posing tasks in the textbook series published by Beijing Normal University Press (BNU). A coding framework was developed which includes four main categories. The amount of problem posing tasks for each grade, content stands and problems types were reported. And three concrete examples of problems posing tasks regarding function were illustrated. In conclusion, various learning opportunities were provided in BNU textbook series in order to promote students’ ability of problem posing.
Understanding the Feature of Geometrical Graphics in Thinking and Answering Reasoning Questions
Authors: Liu Xiaomei , Yang Junna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the importance of geometry in cross-domain applications has become prominent. This is not only because geometry is used in a wide variety of fields, such as from robotics to computer graphics for film, from crystallography to architecture, from neuroscience to the nature of our universe, but because new geometric concepts are emerging in different fields.
The Influence of Teachers’ Teaching Idea and Behaviour on Students’ Problem Posing: An Explorative Study
Authors: An Zhijun , Hu Yaodong , Hou Yangyang , Zhao Jing , Xing Pengfei , Sun Fei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper explored how teachers applying problem posing as an teaching activity at classroom level based on “Conjecture, Proof and Extension”, which is the synthesis and practice of textbook series published by Beijing Normal University Press (BNU). The students’ ability to pose problems is evaluated from five dimensions. It was analysed both horizontally among different teachers and vertically between two different lessons given by the same teacher. It was found that teachers’ teaching behaviour has a significant impact on students’ problem posing, and there is a great difference between the same teacher’s two lessons. After the second round of collective discussion, teachers have a deeper understanding of how to apply problem posing at classroom level.
Investigating the Features of Nepali 8th Grade Mathematics Textbook
Authors: Basyal Deepak , Mainali Bhesh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA textbook is considered to be one of the primary resources for teaching and learning mathematics around the world. The role of textbooks is even more important in developing nations such as Nepal, where the textbook is the main curriculum resource. Thus, it is important to have rich mathematical tasks in a textbook to enhance the teaching and learning of mathematics. The rich mathematical task includes various features such as the usage of appropriate representations, a combination of contextual vs. non-contextual tasks, a balanced number of open vs. closed-ended problems, and utilization of high vs. low cognitive demand tasks. Using a multi-dimensional framework, we examined 1359 mathematics problems from an 8th-grade textbook published by the government of Nepal. The study revealed that the textbook did not include problems based on the various features of rich tasks. 87% of the problems are of low cognitive demand and non-contextual, and almost all problems are closed-ended.
Research on Teaching Resources Facilitating Prospective Mathematics Teacher of Designing Project-Based Learning
Authors: Liu Lizhe , Qi Chunxia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe application of Project-based Leaning (PBL) in mathematics has gradually become the focus of international mathematics education research since students benefited greatly from PBL. This also makes the teacher-educators who teach prospective teachers (PTs) about PBL in courses need to find abundant teaching resources for PTs’ deeply understanding on PBL design. This research collected and analysed PTs’(n = 20) reflective journals and other transcript data of the course based on the theoretical framework of Activity Theory to answer what kind of teaching resources were needed and how they influence the teaching and learning process. There are two major findings: (1) The course enabled the teaching resources to contribute to PTs’ understanding of PBL design; (2) the teaching resources varied from forms, topics of relevant knowledge, and developable resources influence PTs on PBL design in different ways.
Representations of Mathematicians in Lower Secondary Chinese Mathematics Textbooks
Authors: Ma Junhai , Zhang Weizhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe conduct a study focused on representations of mathematicians in mathematics textbooks of lower secondary schools, adopting Foucauldian discourse analysis approach. The study shows that there is a stereotyped representation of mathematicians. The discourse of mathematicians is heterogeneity. The textbooks convey a cultural view of mathematics. The discourse of mathematicians in textbooks produces different subjectivities. The Foucauldian analysis of representations of mathematicians in textbooks can promote compilers of textbooks to reflect on the selection and presentation of mathematicians in textbooks, enhance teachers’ ability of critical analysis and provide a new perspective for textbook evaluation.
Comparative Study of the “Vectors in the Plane” in Senior High School Mathematics Textbooks of the Three Editions
Authors: Yan Fei , Lv Shihu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUsing the method of combining qualitative and quantitative methods, the content of the “vectors in the plane” in the compulsory mathematics textbook of ordinary senior high school published by People’ s Education Press, Beijing Normal University Press and Hunan Education Press in 2019 is compared and analyzed from two aspects of content structure and content difficulty. In terms of content structure: the overall structure of the “vectors in the plane and its application” in the textbook of the three editions is basically consistent; The presentation mode in the PEP focuses on considering the existing knowledge structure of students, the BNUP pays attention to the unity of the internal logic and the physical background of the vector, and the HEP pays attention to the rigor of mathematical; the BNUP has the largest number of examples and exercises, the HEP is in the middle, and the PEP is the least. In terms of the content difficulty: the content difficulty of the “vectors in the plane” in the HEP is the most difficult, the BNUP is in the middle, and the PEP is the smallest.
Predicting Feynman periods in ϕ4-theory
Authors: Balduf Paul-Hermann , Shaban Kimia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present efficient data-driven approaches to predict the value of subdivergence-free Feynman integrals (Feynman periods) in ϕ4-theory from properties of the underlying Feynman graphs, based on a statistical examination of almost 2 million graphs. We find that the numbers of cuts and cycles determines the period to better than 2% relative accuracy. Hepp bound and Martin invariant allow for even more accurate predictions. In most cases, the period is a multi-linear function of the properties in question. Furthermore, we investigate the usefulness of machine-learning algorithms to predict the period. When sufficiently many properties of the graph are used, the period can be predicted with better than 0.05% relative accuracy.We use one of the constructed prediction models for weighted Monte-Carlo sampling of Feynman graphs, and compute the primitive contribution to the beta function of ϕ4-theory at L ∈ {13, … , 17} loops. Our results confirm the previously known numerical estimates of the primitive beta function and improve their accuracy. Compared to uniform random sampling of graphs, our new algorithm is 1000-times faster to reach a desired accuracy, or reaches 32-fold higher accuracy in fixed runtime.The dataset of all periods computed for this work, combined with a previous dataset, is made publicly available. Besides the physical application, it could serve as a benchmark for graph-based machine learning algorithms.
The Search for Radiation Standards and Science Diplomacy in the Interwar Period
Authors: Nielsen Aske Hennelund , Rentetzi Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper argues that international cooperation on devising radiation standards and measuring devices has been an issue not only of national concern but of binational and international conflict in the interwar period. Moreover, the production of radiation safety standards and radiation units gradually became a diplomatic process that underlined national rivalries and depended on political and diplomatic interests. As a result of this diplomatic process, early major scientific actors on radiation research lost prominence. The need to decide on radiation standards that could address medical, military and industrial concerns was therefore acute long before the 1950s and the establishment of international organizations such as the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), that took the lead in regulating the uses of ionizing radiation in the postwar period.
NT-proBNP improves prediction of cardiorenal complications in type 2 diabetes: the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank
Authors: Ma Ronald C. W. , Tam Claudia H. T. , Hou Yong , Lau Eric S. H. , Ozaki Risa , Lui Juliana N. M. , Chow Elaine , Kong Alice P. S. , Huang Chuiguo , Ng Alex C. W. , Fung Erik G. , Luk Andrea O. Y. , So Wing Yee , Lim Cadmon K. P. , Chan Juliana C. N. ,   for the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank Study Group
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a natriuretic peptide that is strongly associated with congestive heart failure (CHF). The utility of NT-proBNP for prediction of cardiovascular events and renal endpoints, compared with clinical risk factors, has not been evaluated in detail. We hypothesise that NT-proBNP can improve risk stratification and prediction of cardiorenal events in type 2 diabetes, beyond that provided by clinical risk factors.

Methods
NT-proBNP was measured in 1993 samples from the Hong Kong Diabetes Biobank, a multicentre prospective diabetes cohort and biobank. A cut-off of ≥125 pg/ml was used to define elevated NT-proBNP. Associations between elevated NT-proBNP and incident cardiovascular and renal endpoints were examined using Cox regression, adjusted for sex, age and duration of diabetes, as well as other covariates. Prognostic and incremental predictive values of NT-proBNP in diabetes cardiorenal complications, compared with those of the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation risk equations for CHD, CHF and kidney failure, were evaluated using the concordance index (C index), net reclassification improvement index, integrated discrimination improvement index and relative integrated discrimination improvement index.

Results
A total of 24.7% of participants had elevated NT-proBNP. Participants with elevated NT-proBNP at baseline had a more adverse cardiometabolic profile, with 2–4-fold higher frequency of complications at baseline. Adjusting for age at baseline, sex and duration of diabetes, elevated NT-proBNP was associated with incident atrial fibrillation (HR 4.64 [95% CI 2.44, 8.85]), CHD (HR 4.21 [2.46, 7.21]), CVD (HR 3.32 [2.20, 5.01]) and CHF (HR 4.18 [2.18, 8.03]; all p<0.001). All these associations remained significant after further adjustment for additional covariates. Elevated NT-proBNP had good discriminative ability for various cardiorenal endpoints, with C index of 0.83 (95% CI 0.76, 0.90) for CHD, 0.88 (0.81, 0.94) for atrial fibrillation, 0.89 (0.83, 0.95) for CHF, 0.81 (0.77, 0.84) for 40% drop in eGFR and 0.88 (0.84, 0.92) for kidney failure. Models incorporating NT-proBNP had improved prediction compared with established clinical risk models. Sensitivity analyses including alternative cut-off of NT-proBNP, as well as use of other risk engines of CHD, yielded similar results.

Conclusions/interpretation
NT-proBNP demonstrated a promising ability to serve as a prognostic marker for a variety of cardiorenal complications in type 2 diabetes. Considering NT-proBNP in clinical assessments could potentially help identify high-risk individuals who may benefit from more intensive therapies.

Graphical Abstract
The impact of affective and negative symptoms on the development of psychosis in a six-year follow-up of a community-based population
Authors: Ergül Ceylan , Binbay Tolga , Kırlı Umut , Elbi Hayriye , Alptekin Köksal , van Os Jim , Drukker Marjan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The Clinical High Risk (CHR) concept has a limited transition risk to psychotic disorders (PD). This study investigates the association between affective and negative symptoms, currently not included in the CHR concept, and the risk of transition to PD in a community-based population of 2185 participants in Turkey.

Methods
Participants were assessed twice over six years using a multistage sampling technique. Two separate linear regression analyses were conducted on data from both assessments, investigating the relationship between affective and negative symptoms, subclinical and clinical psychotic experiences (PE) and progression to PD.

Results
The overall transition rate to PD was 1.3%. The analysis showed no increased risk of developing PD for the 'subclinical PE only' group at follow-up, compared to the 'no PE' group. However, being classified as having 'clinical PE only' (OR: 6.23; p = 0.010) and 'clinical PE + affective/negative symptoms' (OR: 8.48; p = 0.001) at baseline was associated with an increased risk of developing PD at follow-up. The presence of 'affective/negative symptoms' at baseline was associated with an increased risk of incident subclinical PE (RR: 1.98; p = 0.001), incident clinical PE (RR: 3.14; p = 0.001), and incident PD (RR: 4.21; p = 0.030) at follow-up.

Conclusion
The results confirm the significance of the baseline severity of positive symptoms in predicting the transition to PD and suggest that both positive and affective/negative symptoms impact the transition risk to PD and incident psychotic symptoms. This highlights the potential utility of defining CHR groups based on a combination of positive, affective, and negative symptoms.
Scoring probability maps in the basketball court with Indicator Kriging estimation
Authors: Carlesso Mirko Luigi , Cappozzo Andrea , Manisera Marica , Zuccolotto Paola 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMeasuring players’ and teams’ shooting performance in the basketball court can give important information aimed to the definition of both game strategies and personalized training programs. From a methodological point of view, the estimation of the scoring probability can be faced by resorting to different tools in the field of statistical or algorithmic modelling. As a matter of fact, the most natural theoretical framework for this problem is that of spatial statistics, with the particularity that the analysis is based on the binary measurement variable informing about whether a shot is made or missed. In this paper we propose the use of spatial statistics tools suited to this specific context, namely lorelograms to investigate the spatial correlation and Indicator Kriging to draw scoring probability maps. A structured case study is presented, dealing with all the teams of the Italian Basketball First League, based on a non-public dataset containing substantive additional information, that allows interesting insights about assisted and uncontested shots.