bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hierarchical model for developing e-textbook to transform teaching and learning
Authors: Choi Ping Man Samuel , Lam Sze Sing 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline a hierarchical model for developing essential e-textbook functionality and to offer important insight for e-textbook designers.

Design/methodology/approach
Guided by the SAMR model, five hierarchical functional layers are proposed in the development process for e-textbook to enable more effective and efficient teaching and learning.

Findings
Moving up from the substitution to transformation level, each layer extends the functionality of the underlying layers to unveil new features that support the learning processes and gradually transform e-textbooks from a self-directed informal learning tool to become a formal learning platform.

Originality/value
The hierarchical model provides e-textbook designers and developers with a guideline on how to surpass the present state of e-textbooks and offer additional value-added features for learners. The required technologies for each layer are also discussed.
Shaking up business models with creative strategies: when tried and true stops working
Authors: Browne Sarah , Sharkey Scott Pamela , Mangematin Vincent , Gibbons Patrick 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide guidelines for practitioners for developing creative strategies and new business models.

Design/Methodology/Approach
This paper reviews more than 150 interviews with CEOs, directors and business unit heads from across functional areas over the past decade, and captures best practices in strategy development and business modelling.

Findings
Findings of this study were combined with a review of relevant research papers from leading academic and practitioner journals to identify three critical management practices: challenging mental models, looking beyond logic and encouraging openness for new ideas, which enable organizations to develop creative strategies for building better business models.

Originality/Value
This paper demonstrates how these three practices combined can serve as a much needed tool for creative strategy design and development, particularly for established companies, when confronted with new forms of competition.
Franchise systems and lobbying: implications for Olsonian collective action theory
Authors: Brown Richard S. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Previous research combining corporate political activity and collective action theory has focused solely on industry structure and its role in predicting group lobbying or PAC participation. The purpose of this paper is to use a different context—franchise systems—to apply Olsonian collective action theory to political activities.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a random-effects technique in STATA on an unbalanced panel data set, this paper empirically models the effects of franchise system size and degree of franchising on the level of lobbying intensity.

Findings
Since franchise systems are made up of differing unit ownership structure, the author first model if those systems that are fully franchised lobby less than those with franchisor unit ownership (supported). Next, since collective action theory predicts that more participants in a space will lead to less collective action, the author predict that franchise systems with larger unit counts will lobby less than those with smaller counts (not supported). Finally, the author test the interaction of these two effects as systems that are fully franchised and of higher unit totals should have an even greater negative relationship with political activity (supported).

Originality/value
This paper uses both a novel data set and a novel context to study collective action. Previous research has utilized an industry structure context to model the level of lobbying and collective action, while the current research uses an analogous logic, but in the context of franchise systems.
The decline of the lanner falcon in Mediterranean landscapes: competition displacement or habitat loss?
Authors: De Rosa D. , Di Febbraro M. , De Lisio L. , De Sanctis A. , Loy A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe peregrine falcon has shown an increasing tendency to replace the lanner falcon at its breeding sites in the Mediterranean area. This has been suggested as the main cause of the reduction in the distribution of the lanner observed in central Italy. We focused on these two falcon species to disentangle the relative contribution of habitat filtering and biotic interactions on the co‐occurrence of their breeding sites. We hypothesized that the replacement of lanner breeding sites with peregrine falcon breeding sites is due to competitive exclusion rather than to environmental factors, and predicted how land‐use change might affect falcon species distributions and biotic interactions. To test our hypothesis, we proposed a modelling framework including niche overlap tests, Bayesian co‐occurrence analysis and species distribution models (SDMs). A significant niche similarity emerged between the breeding sites used exclusively by peregrine or lanner falcons, and those used by both species. Bayesian co‐occurrence analysis showed that biotic interactions significantly explained the negative co‐occurrence between the two falcon species. SDMs predicted that land‐use change would reduce suitable breeding habitats exclusive of each species as well as those suitable for both falcons. Results of niche overlap and co‐occurrence analysis provided strong support for the hypothesis of competitive interaction for breeding sites between peregrine and lanner falcons in central Italy. The out‐competed lanner falcon would be displaced from optimal habitats by the peregrine and forced to exploit suboptimal habitats to minimize competition. While competition with the peregrine may represent a threat for the lanner in the short term, habitat loss due to land‐use change will pose a more severe threat for the long‐term persistence of lanner falcon in central Italy.
Lipid droplets in clusters negatively affectBos indicusembryos during cryopreservation
Authors: López‐Damián Eva Patricia , Jiménez‐Medina José Alfredo , Lammoglia Miguel Angel , Pimentel Jaime Arturo , Agredano‐Moreno Lourdes Teresa , Wood Chris , Galina Carlos Salvador , Fiordelisio Tatiana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEmbryo transfer using cryopreservedB. indicusembryos results in low pregnancy rates. The low viability ofB. indicusembryos is likely a result of their low freezability relative to embryos from other species, notablyB. taurus. Freezability is probably related to the quantity of lipid droplets in the embryonic cells. However, the mechanism underlying this association is unknown. Using multiphoton and transmission electron microscopy, the proportion, volume, morphology and composition of lipid droplets in fresh and cryopreservedB. indicusandB. taurusembryos were studied.B. indicusembryos have more droplets thanB. taurusand a greater percentage of lipid droplets in clusters (34% vs. 24%;p < 0.05). Also,B. indicusindividual droplets are of greater volume than those ofB. taurus (47 μm3vs.34 μm3;p < 0.05). After freezing, the percentage of clusters decreased inB. indicus(11% vs. 5%;p < 0.05), while inB. taurusthey increased (2% vs. 7%;p < 0.05). Freezing influenced the lipid droplet morphology, increasing the number of cracked droplets inB. indicusembryos (33% fresh vs. 62% frozen; p < 0.05), but not inB. taurusembryos(35% fresh vs. 34% frozen;ns). Regarding composition, saturated lipid droplets prevail inB. indicusembryos,contrary toB. taurusembryos. We observed differences in lipid droplet organization, proportion, volume, morphology and composition betweenB. indicusandB. taurusembryos which are altered in opposite directions following freezing.
Mucin 1 deficiency mediates corticosteroid insensitivity in asthma
Authors: Milara Javier , Morell Anselm , de Diego Alfredo , Artigues Enrique , Morcillo Esteban , Cortijo Julio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe loss of corticosteroid efficacy is an important issue in severe asthma management and may lead to poor asthma control and deterioration of airflow. Recent data indicate that Mucin 1 (MUC1) membrane mucin can mediate corticosteroid efficacy in chronic rhinosinusitis, but the role of MUC1 in uncontrolled severe asthma is unknown. The objective was to analyze the previously unexplored role of MUC1 on corticosteroid efficacy in asthma.MethodsMucin 1 expression was evaluated by real‐time PCR in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and blood neutrophils from uncontrolled severe asthma (n = 27), controlled mild asthma (n = 16), and healthy subjects (n = 13). IL‐8, MMP9, and GM‐CSF were measured by ELISA in HBEC and neutrophils. An asthma model of ovalbumin (OVA) was used in MUC1 KO and WT C57BL/6 mice according to ARRIVE guidelines.ResultsMucin 1‐CT expression was downregulated in bronchial epithelial cells and peripheral blood neutrophils from severe asthma patients compared with mild asthma and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) inversely correlated with MUC1 expression in neutrophils from mild and severe asthma (ρ = −0.71; P < 0.0001). Dexamethasone showed lower anti‐inflammatory effects in severe asthma peripheral blood neutrophils and HBECs stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than in cells from mild asthma. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)‐α phosphorylated at serine 226 was increased in cells from severe asthma, and the MUC1‐CT/GRα complex was downregulated in severe asthma cells. OVA asthma model in MUC1 KO mice was resistant to the anti‐inflammatory effects of dexamethasone.ConclusionMucin 1‐CT modulates corticosteroid efficacy in vitro and in vivo asthma models.
Three branches to rule them all? UPR signalling in response to chemically versus misfolded proteins‐induced ER stress
Authors: Bergmann Timothy J. , Molinari Maurizio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStudy of the unfolded protein responses (UPR) is mainly addressed by challenging eukaryotic cells with chemical compounds that impair calcium, redox or glycan homeostasis. These dramatically alter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) environment and function, but also trigger pleiotropic effects that may result in multi‐organellar failure and cell death. Recent works showed that UPR induced by the accumulation of unfolded polypeptides in the ER lumen drastically differs from chemically induced UPR. Unfolded proteins are tolerated by cells, which activate a finely tuned UPR without entering apoptotic programs. How cells adapt the UPR to the burden of misfolded proteins, what structural features of the accumulating proteins determine UPR intensity and how these mechanisms translate into disease are crucial questions to be address in the future.
Determinants of 20‐year non‐progression to Type 2 diabetes in women at very high risk: the E3N cohort study
Authors: Fagherazzi G. , Gusto G. , Mancini F. R. , Dow C. , Rajaobelina K. , Balkau B. , Boutron‐Ruault M.‐C. , Bonnet F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsTo identify the most important determinants associated with not developing Type 2 diabetes in women considered to be at very high risk.MethodsBetween 1995 and 2014, we followed 402 women from the E3N cohort study who were considered to be at very high risk of Type 2 diabetes based on the D.E.S.I.R. score. We then computed a classification and regression tree model to identify, among a large set of risk factors, the top risk factors associated with not having Type 2 diabetes at the end of the follow‐up.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 117 women (29%) were diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes, while 285 (71%) were still free of the disease in 2014. A low Western dietary pattern score was the top characteristic associated with not developing Type 2 diabetes, as only 20% of the women at very high risk in the E3N study with that characteristic developed Type 2 diabetes (compared with 29% overall). In women with a moderate or high Western dietary pattern score, the most important characteristic associated with not developing Type 2 diabetes was a high total dietary antioxidant capacity, as only 26% of these women ultimately developed Type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsWe showed that the top characteristic associated with not developing Type 2 diabetes, despite being at very high risk, was a healthy diet, characterized by limiting Western dietary habits, but with a high intake of antioxidant‐rich foods. This underscores the importance of diet in the prevention of Type 2 diabetes in people at high risk.
Sex‐specific associations between smoking habits and reaching longevity: Netherlands Cohort Study
Authors: Brandts Lloyd , van den Brandt Piet A 
Published: July 2018

AimTobacco smoking has been found to be significantly associated with a decreased chance of reaching longevity in men, but not in women. Furthermore, it is still unclear how the association of smoking status with longevity varies under the influence of underlying smoking characteristics. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the association between several smoking characteristics and the chance of reaching the age of 90 years in men and women separately.MethodsWe carried out a prospective cohort study among the oldest birth cohorts (1916–1917) of the Netherlands Cohort Study, who completed a baseline questionnaire in 1986 (at ages 68–70), and had complete vital status information until 90 years‐of‐age (2006–2007, n = 7807). Multivariable‐adjusted analyses were based on 6642 men and women, of which 16.0% and 34.3% reached longevity, respectively.ResultsThe relationship of smoking status with longevity was stronger in men than in women (current vs never smokers; risk ratio 0.44, 95% CI 0.34–0.56 in men, and risk ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.57–0.79 in women). Furthermore, significantly inverse associations were found between longevity and increasing cigarette smoking quantity, duration, and tar and nicotine exposure, which partially explain the observed difference between both sexes. Quitting smoking significantly increased the chance of reaching longevity compared with current smokers.ConclusionsThe effect of smoking status on reaching longevity seemed stronger in men compared with women, which can be partially explained by differences in smoking habits. Never smokers had the highest chance of reaching 90 years‐of‐age in both sexes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1249–1258.
Peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian paraganglioma: Report of a rare case and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bizzarri Nicolò , De Cian Franco , Di Domenico Stefano , Centurioni Maria Grazia , Mammoliti Serafina , Ghirardi Valentina , Vellone Valerio Gaetano 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParaganglioma is one of the rarest neoplasms involving the ovary, with only 10 previous reports. We present a case of peritoneal carcinomatosis from primary ovarian paraganglioma and a systematic review of the literature. Clinical information was retrieved from medical records, and a systematic review of the literature was performed according to meta‐analysis of observational studies in epidemiology guidelines. A 33‐year‐old woman presented with a 12‐month history of hypertension and weight loss. She was diagnosed with ovarian paraganglioma and was treated with extensive debulking surgery to no residual disease after three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. She recurred after 6 months and was started on somatostatin‐analogue. Following further disease progression with bone metastasis (treated with palliative radiotherapy), a trial with Sunitinib was started. The patient died 30 months after initial diagnosis. Of the cases reported to date, only one had peritoneal metastasis at presentation but none of them had such an ominous prognosis. Ovarian paraganglioma is an extremely rare condition. We report the first case of primary malignant ovarian paraganglioma with an exceptionally aggressive behavior. Clinicopathological correlation with immunohistochemistry is essential to avoid misdiagnosis. A standard treatment is not recommended yet but cytoreductive surgery seems to be a favorable approach to prolong survival.
Gas and short‐chain fatty acid production from feeds commonly fed to red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) and incubated with rumen inoculum from red deer and sheep
Authors: Lavrenčič Andrej , Veternik Darko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEfficient red deer supplementary feeding depends on estimations of the nutritive value of offered feeds, frequently estimated with the use of equations derived from domestic ruminants. The aim of this study was to compare the 24‐hour in vitro true dry matter degradability (ivTD24), in vitro gas production (GP) kinetic parameters, GP in 24 hr of incubation (GAS24) and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) and microbial biomass (MBS) produced after 24‐hour incubation of feeds in inoculum prepared from sheep and red deer rumen fluid. Eleven feeds, frequently consumed by red deer in Slovenia, which occur either naturally (two fresh grasses, chestnut fruits and common and sessile oak acorns) or are fed as winter supplemental feeds (two grass hays, two grass silages, apple pomace, fresh sugar beetroot), were investigated. The in vitro GP kinetic parameters, GAS24 and ivTD24, did not differ between animal species. Amounts of SCFAs were greater (p < 0.05) when feeds were incubated in sheep inoculum, while molar proportions of acetic and propionic acids did not differ. Molar proportions of butyric acid produced during incubation of high fibre feeds did not differ between animal species, but were higher (p < 0.05) when feeds high in starch or sugar were incubated in red deer inoculum. Greater production of SCFA by sheep rumen microbes suggests better coverage of host animal with energy precursors, while greater production of MBS by red deer rumen microbes suggests better coverage of host animal with protein. Results also suggest that rumens of sheep and red deer are inhabited by different microbial communities, which did not affect the extent of in vitro GP and degradation of feeds used in the present experiment. However, the possibility exists that the divergent nutrient use could be a consequence of different priming by different feeds of the donor animal diets.
Post‐transplant immunoglobulin A deposition and nephropathy in allografts
Authors: Sofue Tadashi , Suzuki Hitoshi , Ueda Nobufumi , Kushida Yoshio , Minamino Tetsuo 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTPost‐transplant immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) in the allograft is the major cause of allograft loss. Using a protocol biopsy, latent mesangial IgA deposition (IgAD) can be detected in the allograft. Latent IgAD is distinguished from IgAN by the absence of urinary abnormalities, although IgA is observed in the mesangium. However, the pathophysiology and most appropriate treatment strategy for latent mesangial IgAD in the allograft remain to be fully determined. Importantly, it is unknown whether all cases of post‐transplant asymptomatic IgAD progress to symptomatic IgAN; indeed, IgA deposits disappear in some cases. The differences in allograft prognosis between asymptomatic IgAD and IgAN have also not been determined. Non‐invasive methods of diagnosis of IgAD in the allograft using serological and pathological biomarkers are being developed. Possible serum biomarkers include serum galactose‐deficient IgA1 (Gd‐IgA1), Gd‐IgA1‐specific IgG and Gd‐IgA1‐specific IgA, and its immune complexes. Immunofluorescence analysis using Gd‐IgA1 monoclonal antibody may provide a pathological biomarker. These serological and pathological biomarkers may be suitable for the characterization of the stage of IgAD. However, there is insufficient information regarding whether serological and pathological biomarkers can predict the progression of asymptomatic IgAD to symptomatic IgAN. We propose that the pathogenesis of IgAN can be defined through the clinical study of IgAD in the allograft using protocol biopsies conducted by nephrologists involved in clinical kidney transplantation.
Wavelet‐based estimators for mixture regression
Authors: Montoril Michel H. , Pinheiro Aluísio , Vidakovic Brani 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe consider a process that is observed as a mixture of two random distributions, where the mixing probability is an unknown function of time. The setup is built upon a wavelet‐based mixture regression. Two linear wavelet estimators are proposed. Furthermore, we consider three regularizing procedures for each of the two wavelet methods. We also discuss regularity conditions under which the consistency of the wavelet methods is attained and derive rates of convergence for the proposed estimators. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to illustrate the performance of the estimators. Various scenarios for the mixing probability function are used in the simulations, in addition to a range of sample sizes and resolution levels. We apply the proposed methods to a data set consisting of array Comparative Genomic Hybridization from glioblastoma cancer studies.
Involvement of chalcone reductase in the soybean isoflavone metabolon: identification of GmCHR5, which interacts with 2‐hydroxyisoflavanone synthase
Authors: Mameda Ryo , Waki Toshiyuki , Kawai Yosuke , Takahashi Seiji , Nakayama Toru 
Published: July 2018

SummarySoybean (Glycine max) 5‐deoxyisoflavonoids (daidzein and its conjugates) are precursors of glyceollin phytoalexins. They are also converted to equol by microbes in the human intestine, resulting in health benefits. 5‐Deoxyisoflavonoids accumulate in the roots (93% mol/mol of the total root isoflavonoids) and seeds of unstressed soybean plants. Chalcone reductase (CHR) is a key enzyme mediating 5‐deoxyisoflavonoid biosynthesis because it catalyzes the production of 6′‐deoxychalcone through its effects on the chalcone synthase (CHS)‐catalyzed reaction. The soybean genome encodes at least 11 CHR‐related homologs, but it is unclear which ones are functionally important for daidzein accumulation in unstressed plants. Among the CHR homologs, the temporal and spatial expression patterns of GmCHR5 were the most correlated with the distribution patterns of 5‐deoxyisoflavonoids. The CHR activity of GmCHR5 was confirmed in vitro and in planta. In the in vitro assays, the ratio of CHR products (6′‐deoxychalcone) to total CHS products (R value) was dependent on GmCHR5 and CHS concentrations, with higher concentrations resulting in higher R values (i.e. approaching 90%). Subcellular localization analyses revealed that GmCHR5 was present in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Protein–protein interaction assays indicated that GmCHR5, but not GmCHR1 and GmCHR6, interacted with 2‐hydroxyisoflavanone synthase (IFS) isozymes. The CHS isozymes also interacted with IFS isozymes but not with GmCHR5. The proposed micro‐compartmentalization of isoflavone biosynthesis through the formation of an IFS‐mediated metabolon is probably involved in positioning GmCHR5 close to CHS, resulting in an R value that is high enough for the accumulation of abundant 5‐deoxyisoflavonoids in soybean roots.