bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Serum Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Activity With All-Cause Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Suematsu Yasunori , Goto Masaki , Park Christina , Nunes Ane C F , Jing WangHui , Streja Elani , Rhee Connie M , Cruz Siobanth , Kashyap Moti L , Vaziri Nosratola D , Narayanaswami Vasanthy , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Moradi Hamid 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Context
In end-stage renal disease (ESRD), serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is not an accurate predictor of mortality, partly because it does not necessarily correlate with indices of HDL function. Paraoxonase (PON) is a major enzyme constituent of HDL and a key component of HDL antioxidant activity. Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-1) is the core HDL structural protein that plays a major role in various aspects of HDL function.

Objective
We sought to examine PON activity and Apo A-I levels in patients with ESRD vs healthy controls.

Design and Setting
PON/arylesterase activity was measured in 499 patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and 24 healthy controls with similar distributions of age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Serum acrolein-modified Apo A-I was measured in 30 patients with MHD and 10 healthy controls.

Main Outcome Measures
Multilevel Cox models were used to assess associations among PON activity, Apo A-I, and HDL-C levels with 12-month all-cause mortality.

Results
PON activity was significantly lower in patients with MHD vs controls. Furthermore, acrolein-modified Apo A-I levels were higher in patients with MHD vs controls. In fully adjusted models, high PON activity was associated with lower 12-month mortality, whereas no difference of mortality risk was observed across HDL-C levels. The combination of high PON and low Apo A-I compared with low PON and low Apo A-I was associated with lower mortality risk.

Conclusions
In patients with MHD, PON activity had a stronger association with 12-month mortality than HDL-C. Future studies are needed to examine the role of these markers as potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in ESRD.
Driving and Epilepsy: Ethical, Legal, and Health Care Policy Challenges
Authors: Kass Joseph S. , Rose Rachel V. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Although the principle of autonomy allows patients to refuse interventions their physicians recommend, patients are not free to ignore legally mandated restrictions on driving, and physicians are ethically justified in constraining their patients’ driving rights in compliance with state law. Furthermore, the standard of care for treatment of patients with epilepsy includes counseling about lifestyle modifications that promote patient safety and compliance with the law. Neurologists should not only counsel their patients with epilepsy about legally mandated driving restrictions but also document this counseling in the medical record. Failure to counsel and to document may result in legal liability if patients experience seizures while driving and injure either themselves or third parties. The neurologist’s duty of care may be limited to the patient in some jurisdictions but may be extended to injured third parties in others. Furthermore, a patient’s own contributory negligence may limit or completely foreclose recovery against the physician to varying degrees, depending on the state in which the injury occurred.
Estimating the Impact of Carbon Dioxide Absorbent Performance Differences on Absorbent Cost During Low-Flow Anesthesia
Authors: Feldman Jeffrey M. , Lo Christopher , Hendrickx Jan 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:
Reducing fresh gas flow when using a circle anesthesia circuit is the most effective strategy for reducing both inhaled anesthetic vapor cost and waste. As fresh gas flow is reduced, the amount of exhaled gas rebreathed increases, but the utilization of carbon dioxide absorbent increases as well. Reducing fresh gas flow may not make economic sense if the increased cost of absorbent utilization exceeds the reduced cost of anesthetic vapor. The primary objective of this study was to determine the minimum fresh gas flow at which absorbent costs do not exceed vapor savings. Another objective is to provide a qualitative insight into the factors that influence absorbent performance as fresh gas flow is reduced.

METHODS:
A mathematical model was developed to compare the vapor savings with the cost of carbon dioxide absorbent as a function of fresh gas flow. Parameters of the model include patient size, unit cost of vapor and carbon dioxide absorbent, and absorbent capacity and efficiency. Boundaries for fresh gas flow were based on oxygen consumption or a closed-circuit condition at the low end and minute ventilation to approximate an open-circuit condition at the high end. Carbon dioxide production was estimated from oxygen consumption assuming a respiratory quotient of 0.8.

RESULTS:
For desflurane, the cost of carbon dioxide absorbent did not exceed vapor savings until fresh gas flow was almost equal to closed-circuit conditions. For sevoflurane, as fresh gas flow is reduced, absorbent costs increase more slowly than vapor costs decrease so that total costs are still minimized for a closed circuit. Due to the low cost of isoflurane, even with the most effective absorbent, the rate of absorbent costs increase more rapidly than vapor savings as fresh gas flow is reduced, so that an open circuit is least expensive. The total cost of vapor and absorbent is still lowest for isoflurane when compared with the other agents.

CONCLUSIONS:
The relative costs of anesthetic vapor and carbon dioxide absorbent as fresh gas flow is reduced are dependent on choice of anesthetic vapor and performance of the carbon dioxide absorbent. Absorbent performance is determined by the product selected and strategy for replacement. Clinicians can maximize the performance of absorbents by replacing them based on the appearance of inspired carbon dioxide rather than the indicator. Even though absorbent costs exceed vapor savings as fresh gas flow is reduced, isoflurane is still the lowest cost choice for the environmentally sound practice of closed-circuit anesthesia.
ArhGEF37 assists dynamin 2 during clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Viplav Abhiyan , Saha Tanumoy , Huertas Jan , Selenschik Philipp , Ebrahimkutty Mirsana P. , Grill David , Lehrich Julia , Hentschel Andreas , Biasizzo Monika , Mengoni Simone , Ahrends Robert , Gerke Volker , Cojocaru Vlad , Klingauf Jürgen , Galic Milos 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) engages over 30 proteins to secure efficient cargo and membrane uptake. While the function of most core CME components is well established, auxiliary mechanisms crucial for fine-tuning and adaptation remain largely elusive. In this study, we identify ArhGEF37, a currently uncharacterized protein, as a constituent of CME. Structure prediction together with quantitative cellular and biochemical studies present a unique BAR domain and PI(4,5)P2-dependent protein–membrane interactions. Functional characterization yields accumulation of ArhGEF37 at dynamin 2-rich late endocytic sites and increased endocytosis rates in the presence of ArhGEF37. Together, these results introduce ArhGEF37 as a regulatory protein involved in endocytosis.
Obscured Transparency? Compensation Benchmarking and the Biasing of Executive Pay
Authors: de Vaan Mathijs , Elbers Benjamin , DiPrete Thomas A. 
Published: March 2019

The disclosure of compensation peer groups is argued to provide shareholders with valuable information that can be used to scrutinize chief executive officer (CEO) compensation. However, research suggests that there are substantial incentives for executives and directors to bias the compensation peer group upward such that the CEO can extract additional rent. We leverage the idea that reciprocated peer nominations are unlikely to be biased to construct counterfactual peer groups that allow us to measure the bias of disclosed peer groups. Analyses of 11 years of comprehensive data on compensation peer groups demonstrate that the average firm uses an upwardly biased peer group. The size of the bias increases when incentives and opportunities to do so are more pronounced. Specifically, results show that bias is larger when financial targets are not met and when exercising discretion in the selection of peer firms is justifiable. More importantly, upward bias in compensation peer groups is highly predictive of an increase in CEO compensation, suggesting that there is a strong incentive for CEOs to strategically select peers. Finally, although average peer group bias has gone down in recent years, the predictive effect of bias on pay has gone up. These findings call into question the practical impact of recent efforts to introduce greater transparency into the process for determining executive compensation. This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.
Management of localized anterior tooth wear in a patient with bilateral distal extension edentulous mandibular arches
Authors: Susiripala YKSN , Sivaguru Vasantha 
Published: March 2019

Although managing the consequences of tooth loss is not easy, the desired outcome can be achieved with collaboration by the patient, clinician and technician. The ultimate objective is not to reverse the effects of ageing but to improve the quality of life of an affected individual by adhering to biological procedures as much as possible and replacing missing teeth in the most appropriate way. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case report describes the management of localized anterior tooth wear in a patient with bilateral distal extension edentulous mandibular arches.
Control of NCSs with energy efficient channel assignment and power allocation
Authors: Wang Li-Yuan , Yue Wei 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the simultaneous stabilization of a collection of battery-powered networked control systems (NCSs) with medium access constraint and communication energy limitation. Each time the channels can only accommodate a limited number of systems for communication and the successful packet arrival rate at the controller depends on the power used by the sensor. Then in order to satisfy the medium access constraint, reduce the communication energy cost and stabilize the collection of NCSs, one needs to decide when to schedule which plant to communicate by which channel and by which power level. Based on the average dwell time technique, sufficient conditions for the exponential mean square stability of a single plant are given at first. Then, based on the stability conditions, a period scheduling policy is proposed to assign the channel accessing sequence and power level such that all the plants are simultaneously stabilized. Finally, a new framework for channel assignment, power allocation and controller design is constructed, which can guarantee a desired decay rate for each system and a minimal energy consumption for the group of systems. The effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated with numerical simulations.
Umsetzung einer echtzeitfähigen modellprädiktiven Trajektorienplanung für eine mehrachsige Hybridkinematik auf einer Industriesteuerung
Authors: Rüting Arne , Trächtler Ansgar , Henke Christian 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Flexibel einsetzbare Fertigungssysteme müssen sich bei individuellen Fertigungsaufgaben im Kontext von Losgröße 1 automatisch in ihrem Bewegungsverhalten auf unterschiedliche Werkstücke anpassen. Hierzu benötigen sie fortschrittliche Steuerungen, die oft auf einer Optimierung basieren. Eine Offline-Optimierung reicht aufgrund der dynamischen Folge an unterschiedlichen Werkstücken nicht aus. Die große Herausforderung liegt nun darin, eine echtzeitfähige selbstoptimierende Steuerstrategie für eine Industriesteuerung zu entwerfen und zu implementieren, welche die Optimierung online ausführt.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird anhand der Trajektorienplanung eines anwendungsbezogen redundanten sechsachsigen Hybridmechanismus eine solche modellprädiktive Steuerstrategie vorgestellt, die auf einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung (SPS) ausgeführt wird und die Verfahrzeiten des Mechanismus zwischen werkstückspezifischen diskreten Bearbeitungspositionen optimiert. Es werden die Gütefunktion sowie die eingesetzten Modelle vorgestellt. Zudem erfolgt eine Analyse hinsichtlich der für die Berechnung erforderlichen Zykluszeit, der erzielten Ergebnisse und des Einflusses von Optimierungsparametern.
Is a smartphone application effective in improving physical activity among medical school students? Results from a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Pentakota Naveen , Ramaswamy Gomathi , Thekkur Pruthu , Nair Divya , Chinnakali Palanivel , Kumar Saya Ganesh 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Physical activity (PA) is proven to be an effective strategy to avert the life threatening cardiovascular diseases. There is need for developing feasible aids to improve compliance to PA. Hence, we conducted a study among medical college students a) to assess the prevalence of recommended PA level and b) to assess the effectiveness of installing a smartphone application (app) in improving PA.

Methodology
A quasi-experimental study was conducted among medical college students in Puducherry, India. The baseline PA was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and anthropometric measurements such as height and weight were measured as per World Health Organization (WHO) standards. A smartphone app (Runtastic) was installed on the mobile phones of all study participants. At the end of 1 month, the end line PA and anthropometric measurements were captured using same scales.

Results
Of the total 350 students who were included, the mean age of the participants was 18.9 (0.9) years and 58% of them were male. The proportion of participants with the WHO recommended level of PA increased from 81% at the baseline to 91% after 1 month of installation of the mobile app (p < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant increase in the leisure time PA [median (interquartile range – IQR) of metabolic equivalents (METS): 0 (0–1600) vs. 1260.0 (0–1920)]. Clinically significant change was not seen in body mass index (BMI) though the reduction was statistically significant [(mean (standard deviation – SD) of BMI: 22.54 (2.49) vs. after intervention 22.46 (2.47); p = 0.018].

Conclusion
This quasi-experimental study conducted among medical college students reported significant improvement in total and leisure time PA.
Investigating the Deformation Property of Weathered Phyllite Filling Subgrade
Authors: Liu Feifei , Mao Xuesong , Zhang Huijun , Liu Longqi , Wu Qian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
To investigate the deformation property of weathered phyllite filling subgrade under the comprehensive effect of water and load, three weathered phyllite soil column models were filled and their deformations were tested through a laboratory test and numerical simulation in this article. The results show that the deformation of the weathered phyllite soil column models were greatly influenced by the water replenishment conditions and load conditions, and the deformation of models increased with the increase of the moisture content and load. Moreover, the larger the load, the longer the time required for the weathered phyllite soil column model to reach stability. In addition, the numerical simulation results were compared with the test results, and it was found that they were similar. Consequently, the numerical simulation can be used to reflect the deformation of weathered phyllite filling subgrade under the effect of water and load and provide some guidance for the design of the weathered phyllite filling subgrade.
Simulated Saccadic Stimuli Suppress ON-Type Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells via Glycinergic Inhibition
Authors: Sivyer Benjamin , Tomlinson Alexander , Taylor W. Rowland 
Published: March 2019

Two types of mammalian direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs), ON and ONOFF, operate over different speed ranges. The directional axes of the ON-DSGCs are thought to align with the axes of the vestibular system and provide sensitivity at rotational velocities that are too slow to activate the semicircular canals. ONOFF-DSGCs respond to faster image velocities. Using natural images that simulate the natural visual inputs to freely moving animals, we show that simulated visual saccades suppress responses in ON-DSGCs but not ONOFF-DSGCs recorded in retinas of domestic rabbits of either gender. Analysis of the synaptic inputs shows that this saccadic suppression results from glycinergic inputs that are specific to ON-DSGCs and are absent in ONOFF-DSGCs. When this glycinergic input is blocked, both cell types respond similarly to visual saccades and display essentially identical speed tuning. The results demonstrate that glycinergic circuits within the retina can produce saccadic suppression of retinal ganglion cell activity. The cell-type-specific targeting of the glycinergic circuits further supports the proposed physiological roles of ON-DSGCs in retinal-image stabilization and of ONOFF-DSGCs in detecting local object motion and signaling optical flow.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the mammalian retina, ON direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) respond preferentially to slow image motion, whereas ONOFF-DSGCs respond better to rapid motion. The mechanisms producing this different speed tuning remain unclear. Here we show that simulated visual saccades suppress ON-DSGCs, but not ONOFF-DSGCs. This selective saccadic suppression is because of the selective targeting of glycinergic inhibitory synaptic inputs to ON-DSGCs. The different saccadic suppression in the two cell types points to different physiological roles, consistent with their projections to distinct areas within the brain. ON-DSGCs may be critical for providing the visual feedback signals that contribute to stabilizing the image on the retina, whereas ONOFF-DSGCs may be important for detecting the onset of saccades or for signaling optical flow.
ÇOCUKLARDA DAİMİ BİRİNCİ BÜYÜK AZI DİŞ ÇEKİM NEDENLERİ VE ETKİLERİ
Authors: Şenyurt Fulden , Hazar Bodrumlu Ebru 
Published: March 2019

Daimi birinci büyük azı dişleri çürük nedeniyle en sık kaybedilen
ve diş çürüğüne en yatkın dişlerdir. Bu dişlerin tedavi planlaması; dentisyon
dönemi, çapraşıklık varlığı, hastanın yaşı, okluzal ilişkiler gibi birçok etken
beraber dikkatlice incelenerek belirlenmelidir. Bu dişlerin tedavi
planlamasındaki hatalar; komşu dişin
çekim alanına devrilmesi, karşıt dişin boşluğa doğru ekstrüzyonu, orta hattın
çekim boşluğuna doğru kayması, asimetrik çiğneme alışkanlıklarının oluşması ve
çekim boşluğundaki alveoler kemiğin atrofisinden dolayı periodontal
problemlerin oluşması gibi birçok probleme neden olabilmektedir. Bu derlemenin
amacı çocuklarda daimi birinci büyük azı diş kaybı ve etkilerinin
değerlendirilmesidir
Prevalencia de demencia y funcionalidad en una clínica geriátrica de Huancayo, Perú, 2016-2017
Authors: Contreras Coco , Condor Ivan , Atencio Joel , Atencio Max 
Published: March 2019

Introducción. La demencia es un problema de salud pública; la Organización Mundial de la Salud promueve su investigación para la implementación de políticas de salud frente a esta enfermedad. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de demencia y describir la funcionalidad de los adultos mayores en una clínica geriátrica de Huancayo, Perú. Métodos. Estudio de tipo observacional y transversal, en una muestra probabilística aleatoria de 382 pacientes. Resultados. El promedio de edad fue 82,6 años, 60,7% fue de sexo femenino, el nivel de instrucción primaria fue de 49,7%, el lugar de procedencia Huancayo fue de 29,6%. Se estimó la prevalencia de demencia en 9,9%, deterioro cognitivo leve en 11%. En actividades básicas de la vida diaria, 19,4% tuvo dependencia parcial; y en actividades instrumentales de la vida, el 23% dependencia severa. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de demencia en la muestra estudiada fue de 9,9%, de deterioro cognitivo leve 11%. Asimismo, el 19,4% presentó dependencia parcial y 23% dependencia severa.
Estigma hacia la tuberculosis: validación psicométrica de un instrumento para su medición
Authors: Upegui-Arango Luz Dary , Orozco Vargas Luis Carlos 
Published: March 2019

Introducción. El estigma hacia la tuberculosis afecta la búsqueda de atención médica oportuna y la adherencia al tratamiento por temor al rechazo familiar, social o institucional. Objetivo. Validar un instrumento para medir el estigma hacia la tuberculosis aplicando la metodología Rasch. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. El análisis se basó en los aspectos sugeridos por Messick y operacionalizados por Wolfe y Smith con la metodología Rasch; se empleó el modelo dicotómico, donde se evaluaron los estimados de ajuste de los ítems, coherencia en la medida, índices de separación y confiabilidad, invarianza, unidimensionalidad y la relación persona-ítem. Resultados. Se entrevistaron 250 personas, 195 sin tuberculosis y 55 con tuberculosis. Se evaluaron 35 ítems, de los que 10 fueron excluidos por presentar desajustes y funcionamiento diferencial del ítem. Se obtuvieron 25 ítems validos con ajustes apropiados entre 0,5 y 1,5, correlación >0,3, porcentaje de coherencia >40% e invarianza en la medición de importantes variables exógenas. El índice de separación en ítems fue de 6,5 y confiabilidad de 0,98. En las personas fue de 1,51 y 0,69 respectivamente. Conclusiones. Se obtuvo un instrumento válido con medida unidimensional del estigma hacia la tuberculosis para uso en población general y en pacientes con tuberculosis, soportado en la rigurosidad estadística del modelo Rasch.
Medicina narrativa
Authors: Urday-Fernández Dayana , Cuba-Fuentes María Sofía 
Published: March 2019

Una medicina científicamente competente por sí sola es insuficiente para ayudar a los pacientes a lidiar con la pérdida de salud, encontrar un significado en el sufrimiento y dotar al médico de la capacidad de establecer una relación médico-paciente suficientemente compasiva y empática. El interés en estos aspectos es propio de modelos de atención clínica centrados en el paciente (y no en las enfermedades), que también implica reconocer que los pacientes traen sus propias historias con información sobre su vivencia de la enfermedad. La narrativa, una forma lingüística con características definidas empleada en medicina, ayuda a generar un puente entre la biomedicina moderna y la experiencia vivida por el paciente. La medicina narrativa recoge aspectos del modelo biopsicosocial y la medicina centrada en la persona. Favorece el desarrollo de competencias para aprovechar las narrativas en los procesos diagnóstico, terapéutico, educación de pacientes, profesionales y la investigación; asimismo, tiene impactos positivos en los profesionales de salud al promover espacios de reflexión y autoconciencia, y se complementa con el enfoque de la práctica médica basada en la evidencia. En este artículo intentamos introducir la medicina narrativa como herramienta para la mejora de la atención médica.