bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Molecular Weight Alginate Oligosaccharides as Alternatives to PEG for Enhancement of the Diffusion of Cationic Nanoparticles Through Cystic Fibrosis Mucus
Authors: Maeshima Ruhina , Tagalakis Aristides D. , Gyftaki‐Venieri Dafni , Jones Stuart A. , Rye Philip D. , Tøndervik Anne , Åstrand O. Alexander H. , Hart Stephen L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAirway mucus is a major barrier to the delivery of lipid‐based nanoparticles in chronic airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Receptor‐Targeted Nanocomplexes (RTN), comprise mixtures of cationic lipids and bifunctional peptides with receptor‐targeting and nucleic acid packaging properties. The aim of this study is to improve the mucus‐penetrating properties of cationic siRNA and mRNA RTNs by combining them with low molecular weight alginate oligosaccharides, OligoG and OligoM. Cationic RTNs formulated with either alginate become strongly anionic, while PEGylated messenger RNA (mRNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA) RTNs remain cationic. Both alginates enhance mucus diffusion rates of cationic siRNA and mRNA RTNs in a static mucus barrier diffusion model, with OligoG particularly effective. PEGylation also enhance mucus diffusion rates of siRNA RTNs but not mRNA RTNs. Electron microscopy shows that RTNs remained intact after mucosal transit. The transfection efficiency of OligoM‐coated mRNA RTNs is better than those coated with OligoG or PEG, and similar to cationic RTNs. In siRNA RTN transfections, OligoM is better than OligoG although 1% PEG is slightly better than both. The combination of cationic RTNs and alginate oligosaccharides represents a promising alternative to PEGylation for epithelial delivery of genetic therapies across the mucus barrier while retaining transfection efficiency.
Melt Electrowriting of Polyhydroxyalkanoates for Enzymatically Degradable Scaffolds
Authors: Gładysz Magdalena Z. , Ubels Didi , Koch Marcus , Amirsadeghi Armin , Alleblas Frederique , van Vliet Sander , Kamperman Marleen , Siebring Jeroen , Nagelkerke Anika , Włodarczyk‐Biegun Małgorzata K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMelt electrowriting (MEW) enables precise scaffold fabrication for biomedical applications. With a limited number of processable materials with short and tunable degradation times, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) present an interesting option. Here, poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and a blend of PHBV and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐4‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHBV+P34HB) are successfully melt electrowritten into scaffolds with various architectures. PHBV+P34HB exhibits greater thermal stability, making it a superior printing material compared to PHBV in MEW. The PHBV+P34HB scaffolds subjected to enzymatic degradation show tunable degradation times, governed by enzyme dilution, incubation time, and scaffold surface area. PHBV+P34HB scaffolds seeded with human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), demonstrate enhanced cell adherence, proliferation, and spreading. The HDFs, when exposed to the enzyme solutions and enzymatic degradation residues, show good viability and proliferation rates. Additionally, HDFs grown on enzymatically pre‐incubated scaffolds do not show any difference in behavior compared those grown on control scaffolds. It is concluded that PHAs, as biobased materials with enzymatically tunable degradability rates, are an important addition to the already limited set of materials available for MEW technology.
Colossal Strain Tuning of Ferroelectric Transitions in KNbO3 Thin Films
Authors: Hazra Sankalpa , Schwaigert Tobias , Ross Aiden , Lu Haidong , Saha Utkarsh , Trinquet Victor , Akkopru‐Akgun Betul , Gregory Benjamin Z. , Mangu Anudeep , Sarker Suchismita , Kuznetsova Tatiana , Sarker Saugata , Li Xin , Barone Matthew R. , Xu Xiaoshan , Freeland John W. , Engel‐Herbert Roman , Lindenberg Aaron M. , Singer Andrej , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Muller David A. , Rignanese Gian‐Marco , Salmani‐Rezaie Salva , Stoica Vladimir A. , Gruverman Alexei , Chen Long‐Qing , Schlom Darrell G. , Gopalan Venkatraman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStrong coupling between polarization (P) and strain (ɛ) in ferroelectric complex oxides offers unique opportunities to dramatically tune their properties. Here colossal strain tuning of ferroelectricity in epitaxial KNbO3 thin films grown by sub‐oxide molecular beam epitaxy is demonstrated. While bulk KNbO3 exhibits three ferroelectric transitions and a Curie temperature (Tc) of ≈676 K, phase‐field modeling predicts that a biaxial strain of as little as −0.6% pushes its Tc > 975 K, its decomposition temperature in air, and for −1.4% strain, to Tc > 1325 K, its melting point. Furthermore, a strain of −1.5% can stabilize a single phase throughout the entire temperature range of its stability. A combination of temperature‐dependent second harmonic generation measurements, synchrotron‐based X‐ray reciprocal space mapping, ferroelectric measurements, and transmission electron microscopy reveal a single tetragonal phase from 10 K to 975 K, an enhancement of ≈46% in the tetragonal phase remanent polarization (Pr), and a ≈200% enhancement in its optical second harmonic generation coefficients over bulk values. These properties in a lead‐free system, but with properties comparable or superior to lead‐based systems, make it an attractive candidate for applications ranging from high‐temperature ferroelectric memory to cryogenic temperature quantum computing.
Energy Band Alignment and Defect Synergistic Regulation Enable Air‐Solution‐Processed Kesterite Solar Cells With the Lowest VOC Deficit
Authors: Zhao Yunhai , Chen Xingye , Chen Shuo , Zheng Zhuanghao , Su Zhenghua , Ma Hongli , Zhang Xianghua , Liang Guangxing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe major challenge in preparing high‐performance Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells is the large open circuit voltage deficit (VOC‐def). A new strategy utilizing the synergistic substitution of Ag and In dual cations has been proposed to simultaneously address the problems of undesirable interface band alignment and high‐density detrimental bulk defects, obtaining decreased carrier recombination rate and increased minority carrier lifetime. The shorter In−S/Se bonds move the CBM higher by generating stronger repulsive force than the Sn−S/Se bonds, thus adjusting the interface band alignment. Ag substitution can effectively suppress Cu─Zn disorder, while Ag, In dual substitution can further passivate Sn‐related defects and solve the issue of low carrier concentration in Ag single‐substituted samples. Besides, the superior carrier property of In‐Se materials significantly enhanced the device carrier lifetime and minority carrier diffusion length. The state‐of‐the‐art air‐solution‐processed CZTSSe device without any addition treatment with 14.33% efficiency and 580 mV VOC is obtained, possessing the lowest VOC‐def value currently available in the CZTSSe field (VOC/VOCSQ = 64.7%). This work emphasizes the synergistic modulation of band alignment, defect level, grain growth, and carrier transportation by dual cation substitution, which paves a convenient and effective way to realize high‐performance solar cells and photovoltaic devices.
Highly Responsive Polar Vortices in All‐Ferroelectric Heterostructures
Authors: Kavle Pravin , Ross Aiden M. , KP Harikrishnan , Meisenheimer Peter , Dasgupta Arvind , Yang Jiyuan , Lin Ching‐Che , Pan Hao , Behera Piush , Parsonnet Eric , Huang Xiaoxi , Zorn Jacob A. , Shao Yu‐Tsun , Das Sujit , Liu Shi , Muller David A. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Chen Long‐Qing , Martin Lane W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe discovery of polar vortices and skyrmions in ferroelectric‐dielectric superlattices [such as (PbTiO3)n/(SrTiO3)n] has ushered in an era of novel dipolar topologies and corresponding emergent phenomena. The key to creating such emergent features has generally been considered to be related to counterpoising strongly polar and non‐polar materials thus creating the appropriate boundary conditions. This limits the utility these materials can have, however, by rendering (effectively) half of the structure unresponsive to applied stimuli. Here, using advanced thin‐film deposition and an array of characterization and simulation approaches, polar vortices are realized in all‐ferroelectric trilayers, multilayers, and superlattices built from the fundamental building block of (PbTiO3)n/(PbxSr1−xTiO3)n wherein in‐plane ferroelectric polarization in the PbxSr1−xTiO3 provides the appropriate boundary conditions. These superlattices exhibit substantially enhanced electromechanical and ferroelectric responses in the out‐of‐plane direction that arise from the ability of the polarization in both layers to rotate to the out‐of‐plane direction under field. In the in‐plane direction, the layers are found to be strongly coupled during switching and when heterostructured with ferroelectric‐dielectric building blocks, it is possible to produce multistate switching. This approach expands the realm of systems supporting emergent dipolar texture formation and does so with entirely ferroelectric materials thus greatly improving their responses.
A Stepwise Melting‐Polymerizing Molecule for Hydrophobic Grain‐Scale Encapsulated Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Sun Riming , Chen Shaoyu , He Qingyun , Yang Pinghui , Gao Xuan , Wu Mengyang , Wang Junbo , Zhong Chongyu , Zhao Xiangru , Li Mubai , Tian Qiushuang , Yang Yingguo , Wang Aifei , Huang Wei , Li Renzhi , Qin Tianshi , Wang Fangfang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite the ongoing increase in the efficiency of perovskite solar cells, the stability issues of perovskite have been a significant hindrance to its commercialization. In response to this challenge, a stepwise melting‐polymerizing molecule (SMPM) is designed as an additive into FAPbI3 perovskite. SMPM undergoes a three‐stage phase transition during the perovskite annealing process: initially melting from solid to liquid state, followed by overflowing grain boundaries, and finally self‐polymerizing to form a hydrophobic grain‐scale encapsulation in perovskite solar cells, providing protection against humidity‐induced degradation. With this unique property, coupled with the advantages of improved crystallization, diminished non‐radiative recombination, and energy level alignment, FAPbI3‐based perovskite solar cells with a 25.21% (small‐area) and 22.94% (1 cm2) power conversion efficiency and over 2000 h T95% stability under 85% relative humidity is achieved. Furthermore, the SMPM‐based perovskite solar cells without external encapsulations sustain impressive stability during underwater operation, in which the black FAPbI3 phase is maintained and Pb‐leakage is also effectively suppressed. Therefore, the SMPM strategy can offer a sustainable settlement in both stability and environmental issues for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.
The Development, Essence and Perspective of Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Feng Yangyang , Jiao Lei , Zhuang Xu , Wang Yaobing , Yao Jiannian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmmonia plays a pivotal role in agriculture and meanwhile holds promising potential as an energy vector for the hydrogen economy, where the nitrogen reduction to ammonia is a critical pathway for achieving sustainable development. Over the past hundred years, ammonia synthesis has undergone several breakthrough developments from Haber‐Bosch process to photo/electro‐catalysis and Li‐mediated strategy, but still faces the challenges of low yield rate, selectivity and efficiency. Therefore, there is a pressing demand to develop efficient and green ammonia synthesis from nitrogen. This review summarizes the development of the nitrogen reduction to ammonia, highlighting six milestones during the whole journey. From the development direction, this work finds and extracts the essence of ammonia synthesis, that is the reaction pathways are affected by the energy barrier of reaction intermediates, which can be altered by proton sources, auxiliaries and catalysts. Then this work discusses the detailed overview of the significant development of proton source, auxiliaries and catalysts. Finally, based on the essence, the possible opportunities of ammonia synthesis from nitrogen reduction are presented, including the design of new ammonia synthesis pathways and efficient catalysts. The deep insight of nitrogen reduction to ammonia will provide a design guidance for efficient ammonia synthesis.
High‐Throughput Approaches to Engineer Fluorescent Nanosensors
Authors: Metternich Justus T. , Patjoshi Sujit K. , Kistwal Tanuja , Kruss Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOptical sensors are powerful tools to identify and image (biological) molecules. Because of their optoelectronic properties, nanomaterials are often used as building blocks. To transduce the chemical interaction with the analyte into an optical signal, the interplay between surface chemistry and nanomaterial photophysics has to be optimized. Understanding these aspects promises major opportunities for tailored sensors with optimal performance. However, this requires methods to create and explore the many chemical permutations. Indeed, many current approaches are limited in throughput. This affects the chemical design space that can be studied, the application of machine learning approaches as well as fundamental mechanistic understanding. Here, an overview of selection‐limited and synthesis‐limited approaches is provided to create and identify molecular nanosensors. Bottlenecks are discussed and opportunities of non‐classical recognition strategies are highlighted such as corona phase molecular recognition as well as the requirements for high throughput and scalability. Fluorescent carbon nanotubes are powerful building blocks for sensors and their huge chemical design space makes them an ideal platform for high throughput approaches. Therefore, they are the focus of this article, but the insights are transferable to any nanosensor system. Overall, this perspective aims to provide a fresh perspective to overcome current challenges in the nanosensor field.
A Sucker‐Reactor Polyoxometalate Assembled Superstructures for Efficient Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Gong Xiangjiao , Teng Wenkai , Liu Wei , Xiao Hang , Li He , Ou Honghui , Yang Guidong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDesigning a reaction system that integrates reactant capture and transformation in an artificial photosynthesis system to achieve high reaction efficiency remains challenging. Here, an ionic liquid (IL) ‐polyoxometalate (POM) superstructure photocatalyst (P2HPMo) is reported, where the anisotropy of the superstructure is allowed by adjusting the alkyl chain lengths of ILs. Experimental data and theoretical simulation show that ILs and POM serve as the “sucker” and “reactor” of the reaction system to capture and transform the reactants, respectively. In particular, the addition of quaternary phosphorous IL cations is not only conducive to the adsorption of N2 but also effectively promotes the activation of N2 by manipulating the energy band and electronic structure. Consequently, the synthesized P2HPMo exhibits an ammonia synthesis rate of 98 µmol·gcat−1·h−1, which is one of the highest values available in a sacrificial agent‐free system.
Fabrication of Ultrathin Ferroelectric Al0.7Sc0.3N Films under Complementary‐Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Compatible Conditions by using HfN0.4 Electrode
Authors: Ryoo Seung Kyu , Kim Kyung Do , Choi Wonho , Sriboriboon Panithan , Heo Seungjae , Seo Haengha , Jang Yoon Ho , Jeon Jeong Woo , Yeom Min Kyu , Lee Suk Hyun , Park Han Sol , Kim Yunseok , Hwang Cheol Seong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) has emerged as a promising candidate for next‐generation ferroelectric memories, offering a much higher remanent charge density than other materials with a stable ferroelectric phase. However, the inherently high coercive field requires a substantial decrease in film thickness to lower the operating voltage. Significant leakage currents present a severe challenge during the thickness scaling, especially when maintaining compatibility with complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication standards. This study adopts a HfN0.4 bottom electrode, which minimizes lattice mismatch with Al0.7Sc0.3N (ASN), forming a coherent bottom interface that effectively reduces leakage currents even at thickness < 5 nm. CMOS‐compatible HfN0.4/ASN/TiN stack, deposited without vacuum break between each layer, demonstrates exceptional scalability, confirming the ferroelectricity of ASN films at thicknesses down to 3 nm. The coercive voltage is decreased to 4.35 V, significantly advancing low‐voltage AlScN devices that align with CMOS standards.
Bio‐Inspired Bright Non‐Iridescent Structurally Colored Nanopigments Featuring Additive Color Mixing Performance
Authors: Wang Wentao , Zhang Wenzhen , Zhou Yicheng , Yao Yuyuan , Tang Bingtao , Ding Liming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOwing to the unique features of high chemical and photostability, structurally colored materials can potentially replace organic dyes and pigments in many applications. The most common fabrication method of structural color materials is the “bottom‐up” self‐assembly approach. However, the assembled structures are easily damaged by external forces, leading to color fading or even disappearance. Therefore, it is still a challenge to fabricate structural colors that mimic the appearance of absorbing pigments without assembly processes. Inspired by the Steller's jay, non‐iridescent structurally colored nanopigments are created, which are composed of hollow SiO2 (H‐SiO2) microspheres with amorphous carbon on the inner wall of the shell and disordered metasurfaces on the shell layer. It is shown that the color originates from the synergistic effect of the disordered metasurfaces and the amorphous carbon layer, which can produce strong coherent scattered light and effectively absorb incoherently scattered light, respectively. Amazingly, the H‐SiO2 microspheres can maintain their structural colors even after grinding or being dispersed in water. What's more, through the additive color mixing of two base colors and precise tuning of their ratios, gradient structural colors that spanning the visible spectrum can be achieved. These features indicate promising prospects for the designed nanopigments.
Distinct Pathways Determined by Photocatalytic C─H or O─H Bond Activation for Hydroxyl Compounds Conversion Paired With Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Ting , Zhu Xiaodi , Li Huajing , Zhou Wenwu , Zhang Yijun , Li Yuangang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSelective control of C─H or O─H bond activation in photocatalytic conversion coupled with hydrogen production is a promising yet challenging goal. Here, an efficient photocatalytic system is reported that can produce high‐valued tartaric acid or formaldehyde and simultaneous producing hydrogen. At optimized conditions, the directional conversion of glycolic acid into tartaric acid is achieved with a selectivity of 76.24%, and the selectivity of methanol oxidation into formaldehyde reaches 88.21%. A high hydrogen production rate of 21.43 mmol·g−1·h−1 is obtained using glycolic acid as substrate. Mechanism studies reveal that α‐C─H bond is preferentially activated in glycolic acid adsorbed on the photocatalyst, while O─H bond is preferentially activated in methanol, forming carbon‐centered radical (•CH(OH)COOH) or oxygen‐centered radical (CH3O•) for subsequent coupling or oxidation reactions. This work demonstrates the selective control of the photocatalytic conversion process of different hydroxyl compounds, providing a new perspective for achieving organic compounds selective activation coupled with hydrogen production.
Wise Roles and Future Visionary Endeavors of Current Emperor: Advancing Dynamic Methods for Longitudinal Microbiome Meta‐Omics Data in Personalized and Precision Medicine
Authors: Oh Vera‐Khlara S. , Li Robert W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the etiological complexity of diseases requires identifying biomarkers longitudinally associated with specific phenotypes. Advanced sequencing tools generate dynamic microbiome data, providing insights into microbial community functions and their impact on health. This review aims to explore the current roles and future visionary endeavors of dynamic methods for integrating longitudinal microbiome multi‐omics data in personalized and precision medicine. This work seeks to synthesize existing research, propose best practices, and highlight innovative techniques. The development and application of advanced dynamic methods, including the unified analytical frameworks and deep learning tools in artificial intelligence, are critically examined. Aggregating data on microbes, metabolites, genes, and other entities offers profound insights into the interactions among microorganisms, host physiology, and external stimuli. Despite progress, the absence of gold standards for validating analytical protocols and data resources of various longitudinal multi‐omics studies remains a significant challenge. The interdependence of workflow steps critically affects overall outcomes. This work provides a comprehensive roadmap for best practices, addressing current challenges with advanced dynamic methods. The review underscores the biological effects of clinical, experimental, and analytical protocol settings on outcomes. Establishing consensus on dynamic microbiome inter‐studies and advancing reliable analytical protocols are pivotal for the future of personalized and precision medicine.
Integrin β8 Facilitates Macrophage Infiltration and Polarization by Regulating CCL5 to Promote LUAD Progression
Authors: Song Lei , Yu Xi , Wu Yang , Zhang Wenwen , Zhang Yu , Shao Yanchi , Hou Zhenxin , Yang Chen , Gao Yue , Zhao Yanbin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) influences cancer progression and metastasis. Integrin β8 (ITGβ8), a member of the integrin family, is upregulated in various cancers. In this study, it is determined as a key factor that mediates the interaction between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and macrophages. Increased expression levels of ITGβ8 are associated with increased numbers of CD163+ macrophages and poor prognosis in LUAD patients. The overexpression of ITGβ8 in LUAD cells promotes the polarization of THP‐1 macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. In contrast, TCM (conditioned medium from the co‐culture system) from THP‐1 macrophages and ITGβ8‐overexpressing A549 cells promoted the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells. Mechanistically, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) plays an important role in mediating ITGβ8‐induced macrophage polarization, and the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT)/interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) pathway is involved in this process. Moreover, interleukin 8 (IL8) and interleukin 10 (IL10) produced by M2‐like macrophages regulate the expression of ITGβ8 in LUAD cells through the spi‐1 proto‐oncogene (SPI1). This study elucidates the feedback mechanism of ITGβ8 between LUAD cells and macrophages.