bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suizide während psychiatrischen Hospitalisationen
Authors: Ruff Flavian , Hemmer Alexander , Bartsch Christine , Glasow Nadine , Reisch Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Analyse von Suiziden während psychiatrischer Hospitalisationen innerhalb und außerhalb einer psychiatrischen Klinik.
Methodik Detailanalyse von 436 Suiziden stationärer Patienten in der Schweiz im Zeitraum 2000 – 2010.
Ergebnisse Ein Drittel der Suizide ereignete sich in der psychiatrischen Klinik, am häufigsten durch Sprung in die Tiefe (ab dem ersten Stock), Erhängen und Intoxikation. Außerhalb der Klinik erfolgten die Suizide durch Überfahrenwerden von einem Zug, Sprung in die Tiefe und Ertrinken.
Schlussfolgerung Suizidprävention in psychiatrischen Kliniken sollte besonders auf diese 5 Methoden abzielen. Maßnahmen müssen den Besonderheiten von Kliniksuiziden angepasst werden. Sprungsuizide sollten ab dem ersten Stock verunmöglicht werden.
Die Rolle von Kortikosteroiden bei Traumata des Myelons und der peripheren Nerven – Pathophysiologie und experimentelle Ergebnisse
Authors: Müller Christian 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungTraumatische Verletzungen des Rückenmarkes und peripherer Nerven sind medizinisch komplexe Zustände, die das gesamte Leben verändern. Der pathophysiologische und molekularpathologische Erkenntnisgewinn über Schädigungsmechanismen nach einer Rückenmarkverletzung (SCI) und einer peripheren Nervenverletzung (PNI) haben zu neuen Therapieansätzen geführt. Es konnten bereits ermutigende tierexperimentelle Ergebnisse mit dem Einsatz unterschiedlicher Kortikosteroide gezeigt werden. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll über die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen der SCI und PNI informieren und die Rolle von Kortikosteroiden, als mögliches beeinflussendes Agens, im Rahmen der Krankheitsbilder beleuchten.
Videothorakoskopisches Sympathikus-Clipping bei einem Patienten mit Lobus venae azygos. Intraoperatives Management zur Vermeidung von potenziellen Komplikationen
Authors: Schreiner Waldemar , Mykoliuk Iurii , Dudek Wojciech , Sirbu Horia 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einführung Sympathikus-Clipping bei vorliegendem Lobus venae azygos ist eine seltene Kombination. Aufgrund der engen anatomischen Beziehung zwischen dem Truncus sympathicus und dem Mesoazygosnetz kann das chirurgische Handling erschwert und mit potenziellen Komplikationen assoziiert sein.
Indikation In unserem Fall handelt es sich um eine 25-jährige Patientin mit einer therapierefraktären palmoplantaren und axillären Hyperhidrosesymptomatik Schweregrad III und einem als Zufallsbefund präoperativ röntgenologisch diagnostizierten Lobus venae azygos.
Methode Unser intraoperatives Video zeigt ein schrittweises Vorgehen bei Vorliegen eines Lobus venae azygos kombiniert mit einem endoskopischen Anschlingen und einer präzisen Clip-Applikation am Truncus sympathicus sowie die videoassistierte Reposition mit vollständiger Expansion des akzessorischen Lungenlappens zur Vermeidung von potenziellen Komplikationen.
Fazit Das videothorakoskopische Sympathikus-Clipping ist bei Patienten mit vorhandenem Lobus venae azygos technisch anspruchsvoll. Potenzielle Risiken lassen sich sicher durch ein koordiniertes chirurgisches Management vermeiden.
Carbon pools in China’s terrestrial ecosystems: New estimates based on an intensive field survey
Authors: Tang Xuli , Zhao Xia , Bai Yongfei , Tang Zhiyao , Wang Wantong , Zhao Yongcun , Wan Hongwei , Xie Zongqiang , Shi Xuezheng , Wu Bingfang , Wang Gengxu , Yan Junhua , Ma Keping , Du Sheng , Li Shenggong , Han Shijie , Ma Youxin , Hu Huifeng , He Nianpeng , Yang Yuanhe , Han Wenxuan , He Hongling , Yu Guirui , Fang Jingyun , Zhou Guoyi 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Previous estimations of carbon budgets in China’s terrestrial ecosystems varied greatly because of the multiplicity of data sources and the inconsistency of methodologies. By conducting a methodologically consistent field campaign across the country, we estimated that the total carbon pool in China’s forests, shrublands, grasslands, and croplands was 79.24 ± 2.42 Pg C. The carbon density exhibited a strong dependence on climate regime: it decreased with temperature but increased with precipitation. The country’s forests have a large potential of biomass carbon sequestration of 1.9–3.4 Pg C in the next 10 to 20 years assuming no removals. Our findings provide a benchmark to identify the effectiveness of the government’s natural protection policies.
Effects of national ecological restoration projects on carbon sequestration in China from 2001 to 2010
Authors: Lu Fei , Hu Huifeng , Sun Wenjuan , Zhu Jiaojun , Liu Guobin , Zhou Wangming , Zhang Quanfa , Shi Peili , Liu Xiuping , Wu Xing , Zhang Lu , Wei Xiaohua , Dai Limin , Zhang Kerong , Sun Yirong , Xue Sha , Zhang Wanjun , Xiong Dingpeng , Deng Lei , Liu Bojie , Zhou Li , Zhang Chao , Zheng Xiao , Cao Jiansheng , Huang Yao , He Nianpeng , Zhou Guoyi , Bai Yongfei , Xie Zongqiang , Tang Zhiyao , Wu Bingfang , Fang Jingyun , Liu Guohua , Yu Guirui 
Published: April 2018

Significance
China has launched six key ecological restoration projects since the late 1970s, but the contribution of these projects to terrestrial C sequestration remains unknown. In this study we examined the ecosystem C sink in the project area (∼16% of the country’s land area) and evaluated the project-induced C sequestration. The total annual C sink in the project area between 2001 and 2010 was estimated to be 132 Tg C per y, over half of which (74 Tg C per y, 56%) was caused by the implementation of the six projects. This finding indicates that the implementation of the ecological restoration projects in China has significantly increased ecosystem C sequestration across the country.
Shifting plant species composition in response to climate change stabilizes grassland primary production
Authors: Liu Huiying , Mi Zhaorong , Lin Li , Wang Yonghui , Zhang Zhenhua , Zhang Fawei , Wang Hao , Liu Lingli , Zhu Biao , Cao Guangmin , Zhao Xinquan , Sanders Nathan J. , Classen Aimée T. , Reich Peter B. , He Jin-Sheng 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceClimate change is altering the structure and function of high-elevation ecosystems. Combining long-term observations with manipulative experiments is a powerful, yet rarely used way to test the sensitivity of such ecosystems to climatic change. Here, experimental evidence and meta-analysis confirm long-term observations that demonstrate climate warming and associated drying did not change net primary production, but did lead to a shift of allocation belowground. This observed shift was caused by a change in community composition. Although alpine grassland productivity appears to be resistant to warming, deeper root systems in response to warming could alter the amount of soil organic carbon stored in the subsoil, indicating that rooting depth should be taken into account when predicting soil organic carbon stocks under warming.
Disparate binding kinetics by an intrinsically disordered domain enables temporal regulation of transcriptional complex formation
Authors: Robertson Neil O. , Smith Ngaio C. , Manakas Athina , Mahjoub Mahiar , McDonald Gordon , Kwan Ann H. , Matthews Jacqueline M. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Different combinations and permutations of transcription factors work together to regulate the expression of target genes. These proteins often contain high levels of intrinsically disordered regions, which are important mediators of protein–protein interactions. We show that unusual binding kinetics associated with an intrinsically disordered region in a transcriptional coregulator can regulate the formation of transcriptional complexes that lead to the specification of neuronal cell subtypes. Notably, a single intrinsically disordered region shows selective differences in binding kinetics for proteins of the same family, which have implications for how intrinsic disorder contributes to regulatory processes and complexity in higher organisms.
Rapid acquisition and model-based analysis of cell-free transcription–translation reactions from nonmodel bacteria
Authors: Moore Simon J. , MacDonald James T. , Wienecke Sarah , Ishwarbhai Alka , Tsipa Argyro , Aw Rochelle , Kylilis Nicolas , Bell David J. , McClymont David W. , Jensen Kirsten , Polizzi Karen M. , Biedendieck Rebekka , Freemont Paul S. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Nonmodel bacteria have essential roles to play in the future development of biotechnology by providing new sources of biocatalysts, antibiotics, hosts for bioproduction, and engineered “living therapies.” The characterization of such hosts can be challenging, as many are not tractable to standard molecular biology techniques. This paper presents a rapid and automated methodology for characterizing new DNA parts from a nonmodel bacterium using cell-free transcription–translation. Data analysis was performed with Bayesian parameter inference to provide an understanding of gene-expression dynamics and resource sharing. We suggest that our integrated approach is expandable to a whole range of nonmodel bacteria for the characterization of new DNA parts within a native cell-free background for new biotechnology applications.
Mechanisms of sampling interstitial fluid from skin using a microneedle patch
Authors: Samant Pradnya P. , Prausnitz Mark R. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Diagnosis and monitoring of disease is often done by measuring biomarkers found in blood, urine, saliva, and other bodily fluids. Another rich source of biomarkers is the interstitial fluid that surrounds cells and tissues in the body, but difficulty in accessing this fluid has limited its use in research and medicine. Here, we conducted experimental studies coupled with theoretical modeling to design a patch containing microscopic needles that puncture into superficial layers of skin and thereby enable withdrawal of interstitial fluid through micropores in a simple, minimally invasive manner. This patch can help researchers access interstitial fluid to advance discovery of novel biomarkers and enable doctors to use interstitial fluid for possible future diagnosis and monitoring of disease.
Drought delays development of the sorghum root microbiome and enriches for monoderm bacteria
Authors: Xu Ling , Naylor Dan , Dong Zhaobin , Simmons Tuesday , Pierroz Grady , Hixson Kim K. , Kim Young-Mo , Zink Erika M. , Engbrecht Kristin M. , Wang Yi , Gao Cheng , DeGraaf Stephanie , Madera Mary A. , Sievert Julie A. , Hollingsworth Joy , Birdseye Devon , Scheller Henrik V. , Hutmacher Robert , Dahlberg Jeffery , Jansson Christer , Taylor John W. , Lemaux Peggy G. , Coleman-Derr Devin 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceDrought remains a critical obstacle to meeting the food demands of the coming century. Understanding the interplay between drought stress, plant development, and the plant microbiome is central to meeting this challenge. Here, we demonstrate that drought causes enrichment of a distinct set of microbes in roots, composed almost entirely of monoderms, which lack outer membranes and have thick cell walls. We demonstrate that under drought, roots increase the production of many metabolites, and that monoderms inhabiting the drought-treated rhizosphere exhibit increased activity of transporters connected with some of these same compounds. The discovery of this drought-induced enrichment and associated shifts in metabolite exchange between plant and microbe reveal a potential blueprint for manipulating plant microbiomes for improved crop fitness.
Individuals, institutions, and innovation in the debates of the French Revolution
Authors: Barron Alexander T. J. , Huang Jenny , Spang Rebecca L. , DeDeo Simon 
Published: April 2018

Significance
How do democracies make decisions? We can read transcripts from parliament houses and legislative halls to see how particular ideas are introduced and debated, but we understand very little about the general principles of how these systems deal with information, or the origins of those principles. Here we study the parliamentary assembly of the first 2 years of the French Revolution, a model for democracies and revolutions across the globe, and show how patterns of speaking are created, picked up, and ignored or propagated. Political ideology, top–down rules, and individual charisma all affect how word patterns survive and thrive or, conversely, disappear and drop away.
GoAmazon2014/5 campaign points to deep-inflow approach to deep convection across scales
Authors: Schiro Kathleen A. , Ahmed Fiaz , Giangrande Scott E. , Neelin J. David 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceRepresentations of strongly precipitating deep-convective systems in climate models are among the most important factors in their simulation. Parameterizations of these motions face the dual challenge of unclear pathways to including mesoscale organization and high sensitivity of convection to approximations of turbulent entrainment of environmental air. Ill-constrained entrainment processes can even affect global average climate sensitivity under global warming. Multiinstrument observations from the Department of Energy GoAmazon2014/5 field campaign suggest that an alternative formulation from radar-derived dominant updraft structure yields a strong relationship of precipitation to buoyancy in both mesoscale and smaller-scale convective systems. This simultaneously provides a key step toward representing the influence of mesoscale convection in climate models and sidesteps a problematic dependence on traditional entrainment rates.
Developmentally inspired programming of adult human mesenchymal stromal cells toward stable chondrogenesis
Authors: Occhetta Paola , Pigeot Sebastien , Rasponi Marco , Dasen Boris , Mehrkens Arne , Ullrich Thomas , Kramer Ina , Guth-Gundel Sabine , Barbero Andrea , Martin Ivan 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceThe study offers a pharmacological solution to the challenging target of inducing stable chondrogenesis by human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), including protection against vascularization. Cells were reversed from the tendency to follow the default differentiation pathway, namely endochondral ossification and osteogenesis. Our findings open perspectives in articular cartilage regeneration, as well as in the establishment of hMSC-based models of cartilage development, physiology, and possibly pathology. Importantly, the results were achieved by mimicking molecular processes occurring during embryonic cartilage formation. This indicates that adult hMSCs share similarities with embryonic mesenchyme and validates the relevance to engineer developmental processes (“developmental engineering”) to control fate specification by adult stem/progenitor cell systems.
Plasmodium-associated changes in human odor attract mosquitoes
Authors: Robinson Ailie , Busula Annette O. , Voets Mirjam A. , Beshir Khalid B. , Caulfield John C. , Powers Stephen J. , Verhulst Niels O. , Winskill Peter , Muwanguzi Julian , Birkett Michael A. , Smallegange Renate C. , Masiga Daniel K. , Mukabana W. Richard , Sauerwein Robert W. , Sutherland Colin J. , Bousema Teun , Pickett John A. , Takken Willem , Logan James G. , de Boer Jetske G. 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceIn vector-borne disease systems, there is mounting evidence that vertebrate hosts become more attractive to disease vectors during infection, yet in human malaria, the underlying mechanism has not been studied. We identified compounds, including aldehydes, that are produced in relatively greater amounts in the skin odor of individuals with malaria, thus demonstrating a basis for this phenomenon in the cues used during mosquito host location. By establishing the attractiveness of these compounds to malaria mosquito vectors in laboratory bioassays, we characterize a process by whichPlasmodiuminfection of humans could lead to increased mosquito biting. These compounds may serve as biomarkers of malaria or be used to enhance the efficacy of chemical lures used to trap mosquitoes.
Digitizing omics profiles by divergence from a baseline
Authors: Dinalankara Wikum , Ke Qian , Xu Yiran , Ji Lanlan , Pagane Nicole , Lien Anching , Matam Tejasvi , Fertig Elana J. , Price Nathan D. , Younes Laurent , Marchionni Luigi , Geman Donald 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Technological advances enable increasingly comprehensive profiling of the molecular landscapes of cells, and these data can inform the personalized treatment of complex diseases. Two major obstacles are the complexity of these data and the high degree of person-to-person heterogeneity. We develop a highly simplified, personalized data representation by comparing the profile of an individual to the range of landscapes in a baseline population, thereby mimicking basic clinical diagnostic testing for departures of selected variables from normal levels. Moreover, our method can be applied to any data modality and at any level of granularity, from single features to any subset of features treated as a single entity, for example the gene expression levels in a pathway. Experiments involve both healthy human tissues and various cancer subtypes.
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of neural responses in human posteromedial cortex
Authors: Daitch Amy L. , Parvizi Josef 
Published: April 2018

Significance
The default mode network (DMN) is active both during the resting state and during internally directed cognition (e.g., remembering a past event) but is suppressed during focused attention to the external environment. However, it is currently unknown to what extent memory- and rest-related activity in the DMN originate from the same neuronal populations or exhibit similar temporal dynamics. Using direct intracranial recordings in human subjects, we observed at least three distinct, yet anatomically close, classes of sites within the posteromedial cortex, a hub of the DMN; one is active when recalling an autobiographical event and suppressed during externally directed cognition, one is active during rest, and one is active during the transition from a task to rest.
MK2 contributes to tumor progression by promoting M2 macrophage polarization and tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Suarez-Lopez Lucia , Sriram Ganapathy , Kong Yi Wen , Morandell Sandra , Merrick Karl A. , Hernandez Yuliana , Haigis Kevin M. , Yaffe Michael B. 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceColon cancer is the third most common cancer type and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Chronic inflammation is a major contributor to colon cancer development and progression, but the molecular details of how inflammation contributes to colon cancer remain unclear. The p38MAPK/MAPKAP Kinase 2 (MK2) pathway is a central mediator of cell stress and inflammation. Here, we examine the importance of this pathway in an inflammation-driven model of colon cancer using whole-body and tissue-specific MK2 knockouts, in combination with measurements of macrophage polarization, endothelial proliferation, and morphogenesis. We demonstrate that the MK2 pathway promotes colon tumor development by regulating the polarization of macrophages into an M2 tumor-promoting state that modulates the tumor microenvironment and enhances tumor angiogenesis.
Interaction instability of localization in quasiperiodic systems
Authors: Žnidarič Marko , Ljubotina Marko 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Understanding how small imperfections affect a system’s dynamics is one of the central questions of theoretical physics—namely, do properties change in a smooth way, such that small perturbation leads to small changes, or do they change discontinuously? Localization in disordered many-particle quantum systems has been shown to be stable to interactions. On a single-particle level, one can also achieve localization with a quasiperiodic potential—a system without disorder but with rich properties. It is believed that localization in disordered as well as in quasiperiodic potentials behaves in essentially the same way, in particular, that both are stable against interactions. We show that this is not so. A quasiperiodic localized system discontinuously changes from localization to diffusion upon introducing interactions.
Study of protein folding under native conditions by rapidly switching the hydrostatic pressure inside an NMR sample cell
Authors: Charlier Cyril , Alderson T. Reid , Courtney Joseph M. , Ying Jinfa , Anfinrud Philip , Bax Adriaan 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Development of specialized instrumentation enables rapid switching of the hydrostatic pressure inside an operating NMR spectrometer. This technology allows observation of protein signals during the repeated folding process. Applied to ubiquitin, a previously extensively studied model of protein folding, the methodology reveals an initially highly dynamic state that deviates relatively little from random coil behavior but also provides evidence for numerous repeatedly failed folding events, previously only observed in computer simulations. Above room temperature, direct NMR evidence shows a ∼50% fraction of proteins folding through an on-pathway kinetic intermediate, thereby revealing two equally efficient parallel folding pathways.
Deformation and fracture in (0001) and (10-10) GaN single crystals
Authors: Kavouras P. , Ratschinski I. , Dimitrakopulos G.P. , Leipner H.S. , Komninou Ph. , Leibiger G. , Habel F. 
Published: April 2018

Indentation techniques were utilised to induce deformation on polar (0001) c-plane and non-polar [Formula: see text] m-plane GaN single crystal. Cracking was more sensitively dependent on the orientation of the indenter tip, compared to hardness. The indentation-induced plastic deformation and fracture sequences were studied by cathodoluminescence imaging and optical microscopy, respectively. Polar GaN was harder than non-polar, while pop-in discontinuities occurred at lower loads in polar than non-polar GaN. Dislocation arrangements were more isotropic at the polar than the non-polar orientation. Polar GaN was more susceptible to cracking compared to non-polar. Indentation at the high load regime fostered radial and lateral crack formation at both indenter orientations in polar GaN. Post-indentation lateral crack propagation was observed in situ in polar GaN. This is part of a thematic issue on Nanoscale Materials Characterisation and Modeling by Advances Microscopy Methods - EUROMAT.
Influence of V content on properties of Ti–W–V–N films
Authors: He Sheng , Yu Lihua , Ju Hongbo , Geng Yaoxiang , Asempah Isaac , Xu Junhua 
Published: April 2018

Ti–W–V–N composite films with different vanadium contents were synthesised by multi-target reactive magnetron sputtering. The microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Ti–W–V–N films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, nanoindentation and high-temperature ball-on-disc tribometer. The results showed that all the Ti–W–V–N composite films were face-centred cubic (fcc) structure, consisting of fcc-(Ti,W,V)N substitutional solid solution. When the V content ≥21.5 at.-%, the films consisted of fcc-(Ti,W,V)N and fcc-VN. The hardness of the films first increased and then decreased with the maximum value of 32.4 GPa, at 21.5 at.-% V. The test temperature had a significant effect on the tribological properties of Ti–W–V–N film with 21.5 at.-% V, the coefficient of friction (CoF) first increased and then decreased, with a minimum value of 0.304 at 700°C.While the wear rate increased gradually with increasing temperature.