bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients enrolled in clinical trials compared with those of patients outside clinical trials in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Han Jae Joon , Kim Jin Won , Suh Koung Jin , Kim Ji‐won , Kim Se Hyun , Kim Yu Jung , Kim Jee Hyun , Lee Jong Seok , Lee Keun‐Wook 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsParticipating in clinical trials could give cancer patients potential benefits such as experimental treatment, meticulous follow‐up, and management of toxicities. We hypothesized that patients participating in clinical trials would achieve better survival outcomes than those not enrolled in trials. We assessed whether the trial effect can improve survival for patients with advanced gastric cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer patients who received palliative chemotherapy from January 2010 to December 2012. All patients in this study received fluoropyrimidine and platinum as the first‐line palliative chemotherapy. Patients participating in clinical trials were matched 1:1 with patients not enrolled in trial based on propensity‐score.ResultsA total of 229 patients were identified, 83 (36.2%) among them participated in 14 clinical trials for advanced gastric cancer. The number of patients enrolled in phase I, II and III trials were 10, 54 and 19, respectively. The median overall survival of the total study patients was 13.0 months (95% confidence interval, 10.7–15.3 months). In the propensity‐score matched population, a total of 78 matched pairs of patients were generated. The median overall survival of the 78 patients who participated in the clinical trials was 6 months longer than that of patients not enrolled in trials, although this benefit was marginally significant (15 months vs 9 months, hazard ratio, 0.709; p = 0.068). Participation in clinical trials was a significant factor to predict better overall survival in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 0.533, p = 0.001).ConclusionTrial effect may contribute to prolongation of overall survival in patients who participate in clinical trials for advanced gastric cancer. Physicians may discuss trial effect to encourage participation in clinical trials.
Performing Healing: Repetition, Frequency, and Meaning Response in a Chol Maya Ritual
Authors: Rodríguez Lydia , López Sergio D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article explores the role that repetition plays in symbolic healing through a close examination of the speech patterns and actions performed by a healer in a Chol Maya ritual aimed at curing a woman of kisiñ—the “embarrassment‐sickness.” The authors examine the repetition of speech patterns in the healing chant and the frequency with which other paralinguistic elements, such as taps, co‐occur with the chant verses. The sound patterns generated during the ritual, specifically those created by the rhythmic tapping of the patient's body with a bough bouquet, are yet another form of repetition often overlooked in analyses of healing rituals, which have concentrated on other symbolic elements used by healers. It is argued that the repetition of phrases in parallel verses serves as metapragmatic commentary on the healing process as a restructuring of the patient's body, which has been unstructured by the disease.
“Hay que agacharse”: The Embodiment of Culture in the Participant Observer Experience and the Return tothe West
Authors: Müller‐Schwarze Nina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDichotomous categories, such asthe Westandthe rest,primitiveandmodern, are discussed within a phenomenological theory that suggests humans create structures through which we perceive objects. The perception ofcultureas an object and its construction through the epistemological practices of fieldwork and interpretation within the metaphor ofWestandnon‐Westernreveals the structure of sociocultural anthropological inquiry and expresses embodiment of the cosmology of nations. Experiences of, and shared understandings regarding, the body, soul, knowledge, thoughts, emotions, memories, spirits, voice, and speech are compared from descriptions, participant observation, and embodiment as a multi‐site ethnographic performance artist expressing new genres of ethnography.Harmonyis defined as social location.
Making Sense of Near‐Death Experience Research: Circumstance Specific Alterations of Consciousness
Authors: Craffert Pieter F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe growing body of research on near‐death experiences (NDEs) is an indication of the large number of people claiming such experiences. A surprising feature of the research is that conceptually there is no agreement on what anNDEis and consequently a large number of definitions characterize this field of research. In order to address the definitional quagmire, a first step consists of making sense ofNDEdefinitions. An analysis of existing definitions shows that the term is currently used for at least three distinct phenomena: a cluster of experiences encountered in the process of dying, for that cluster of experiences in circumstances of fear‐death and danger, and for that cluster of experiences independently from any life‐threatening circumstances. Secondly, the nested assumptions that characterize identified patterns inNDEresearch are identified. It is shown that pro‐survivalists seeNDEs as a unitary entity with a single explanation, while others restrict the study ofNDEs to life‐threatening circumstances and see them as a cluster of composite experiences. Based on this analysis it is argued that the pattern of experiences labeledNDEs can be modified tocircumstance specific alterations of consciousness.
Paediatric haematohidrosis: an overview of a rare but clinically distinct condition
Authors: Hansson Karl , Johansson Emma K. , Albåge Margareta , Ballardini Natalia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHaematohidrosis is a rare and dramatic condition in which bleeding occurs spontaneously from intact skin. We report the case of a nine‐year‐old boy with a typical clinical presentation. The case highlights how challenging it can be for medical professionals to recognise and evaluate rare conditions. A review of the literature was performed, showing that haematohidrosis is mainly a paediatric condition. Our case together with findings from the review indicates that treatment with Beta blockers may be effective for treatment of haematohidrosis in children.Conclusion: Paediatric haematohidrosis is a rare, but clinically distinct condition. Treatment with Beta blockers may be tested.
Availability and readability of patient education materials for deprescribing: An environmental scan
Authors: Fajardo Michael Anthony , Weir Kristie Rebecca , Bonner Carissa , Gnjidic Danijela , Jansen Jesse 
Published: March 2019

AimsTo identify and evaluate content and readability of freely available online deprescribing patient education materials (PEMs).MethodsSystematic review of PEMs using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews from inception to 25 September 2017 to identify PEMs. Additionally, deprescribing researchers and health professionals were surveyed to identify additional materials. Known repositories of materials were searched followed by a systematic Google search (22–28 January 2018). Materials were evaluated using an approach informed by the Patient Education Material Assessment Tool and the International Patient Decision Aids Standards Inventory. Readability of text‐based materials was assessed using the US‐based Gunning–Fog Index and Flesch–Kincaid Grade level.ResultsForty‐eight PEMs were identified. PEMs addressing deprescribing of medications for symptom control (81%) were most common. Preventative medications were rarely addressed and material (39%) focused on older people. Only 37% of PEMs provided information about both potential benefits (e.g. reducing risk of side effects) and harms (e.g. withdrawal symptoms, increased risk of disease) of deprescribing, while 40% focussed on benefits only. Readability indices indicated an average minimum reading level of Grade 12. Option Grids and Decision Aids (mean reading level below Grade 10) were most suitable for people with average literacy levels.ConclusionsOver 1/3 of deprescribing PEMs present potential benefits and harms of deprescribing indicating most of the freely available materials are not balanced. Most PEMs are pitched above average reading levels making them inaccessible for low health literacy populations.
Predicting Web 2.0 use among US teens—Expanding the power of the skill, will and tool model
Authors: Grant David G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is a need to understand antecedents to US teens’ use of information and communication technology (ICT). Research on the “digital divide” for access to ICT reports conflicting findings based on gender and demographic factors of parent income and education. This study expanded the “tool‐will‐skill” framework to examine how demographic factors, access to ICT tools, teen will factors and social networking skill explain variation in Internet use among US teens. The study analyzed national data from Pew Research Center’s survey of 1,060 US teens. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified six latent variables for teen will. A pre‐diagram depicts a conceptual framework and causal assumption of relationships between demographic factors, tool factors (ie, Internet access, smartphone access and tablet access), will factors (from PCA) and skill factors (Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat and Twitter). Multiple linear path analysis was conducted, and results reported. Recommendations are suggested for instructional practice, educational policy and future research.
Latent class analysis of non‐formal learners’ self‐directed learning patterns in open educational resource repositories
Authors: Kim Dongho , Lee In‐Heok , Park Joo‐Ho 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOpen educational resources (OERs) are increasingly adopted in non‐formal education contexts. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the self‐directed learning patterns of non‐formal learners using OERs. A lack of knowledge about non‐formal learners precludes discussions on how to support their self‐regulated learning in open learning environments. We explored the self‐directed learning patterns of 1892 non‐formal online learners who were using OER repositories. In addition, we examined whether differences existed in future intentions to use OERs between learners with different learning patterns. Four latent classes were identified, and learners’ age was found to affect class membership. We also found that non‐formal learners’ use of self‐directed learning strategies predicted their future intentions to use OERs. This study advanced our understanding of the subpopulations of non‐formal learners using OERs. Future research will benefit from the findings related to designing OER environments that can accommodate diverse self‐directed learners.
Global Poverty and Inequality: Change and Continuity in Late Development
Authors: Sumner Andy 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis contribution assesses the ‘converging divergence’ thesis that global inequality is falling and national inequality is rising. The article argues that falling global inequality is primarily due to China's development and that national inequality has risen in some developing countries and fallen in others. In light of the dominance of China's development in the global picture, questions arise as to what has changed and what has not changed outside of China. A set of changes and continuities is presented. It is then argued that these changes and continuities provide for the contemporary relevance an older conceptual lens — that of ‘late development’.
Convergence Is Not Equality
Authors: Bangura Yusuf 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTDespite the fall in global income inequality in the last two decades, levels of living among individuals in the world are still very different and are likely to remain so for a very long time. The uneven rate of decline in inequality and growth volatility in commodity‐dependent countries suggest that there is no reason to believe that global inequality will continue to fall until it reaches acceptably low levels. Global disparities in incomes and welfare, especially in social protection, are at the heart of the problem of migration and populism in Western democracies in recent years. They bring out in bold relief the lack of fit between claims of global convergence and people's perceptions on incomes and well‐being between the global North and South. In this regard, it is more realistic to talk about ‘multiple geographies of 21st century development’ than a ‘one world’ or single geography of global development. Issues of power, and the way global and national relationships and rules allocate advantages and disadvantages, or promote convergence and divergence, between and within countries, need to be front and centre in the discussion on global convergence.
From ‘Global’ to ‘Revolutionary’ Development
Authors: Büscher Bram 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis article argues that Horner and Hulme's call for moving towards ‘global development’ to do justice to changing 21st century development geographies neither contributes to advancing our understanding of contemporary development challenges nor helps articulate realistic responses to tackle them. A key problem is that they try to explain several general trends in the geography of development with reference to mainstream statistics without appropriate critical reflection or adequate theorization. Focusing specifically on the environmental and conservation aspects of development, this article contends that these omissions not only confuse the debate on the current state and geographies of development, they risk something more serious, namely the reinforcement of a generic development narrative which will intensify 21st century development challenges. The article concludes that what we need is not global development but revolutionary development.
Impact of glycaemic control on fracture risk in 5368 people with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes: a time‐dependent analysis
Authors: Thayakaran R. , Perrins M. , Gokhale K. M. , Kumaran S. , Narendran P. , Price M. J. , Nirantharakumar K. , Toulis K. A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess whether glycaemic control is associated with a lifelong increased risk of fracture in people with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes.MethodsPeople with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes between 1 January 1995 and 10 May 2016 were identified in The Health Improvement Network database. Longitudinal HbA1c measurements from diagnosis to fracture or study end or loss to follow‐up were collected. A Cox proportional hazards model with HbA1c included as a time‐dependent variable was fitted to these data.ResultsSome 5368 people with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes were included. The estimated adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for HbA1c was statistically significant [aHR 1.007; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.002–1.011 (mmol/mol) and aHR 1.07; 95% CI 1.03–1.12 (%)]. An incremental higher risk of fracture was observed with increasing levels of HbA1c.ConclusionsIn people with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes, higher HbA1c is associated with an increased risk for fractures.
Gastrin analogue administration adds no significant glycaemic benefit to a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist acutely or after washout of both analogues
Authors: Bokvist Krister , Ding Ying , Landschulz William H. , Sinha Vikram , Pastrak Aleksandra , Belin Ruth M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo determine if a 4‐week course of 14 mg weekly GLP‐1 agonist LY2428757 combined with 3 mg or 2 mg daily gastrin analogue TT223 (LY+TT223) results in long‐term glycaemic changes.Materials and methodsPatients with in adequately‐controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus ±metformin (N=151) were randomized to a 4‐week course of LY+TT223 (3 mg), LY+TT223 (2 mg), LY+TT223 placebo (LY‐only) or LY placebo+TT223 placebo (placebo). The primary objective was change in HbA1c from baseline to 5 month safter completion of therapy (i.e. at 6 months) and safety and tolerability with LY+TT223 versus LY‐only.ResultsLY groups showed HbA1c reductions during the active treatment phase. These did not persist during follow‐up phase. Combining TT223 with LY did not result in additional glycaemic effects during treatment or follow‐up. At 6 months, LSM ± SE for change in HbA1c from baseline was: LY+TT223 (3 mg): ‐0.1 ± 0.2%; LY+TT223 (2 mg): 0.1 ± 0.2%; LY‐only: ‐0.2 ± 0.2%; placebo: 0.04 ± 0.2%. Secondary analyses were consistent with primary results. LY+TT223 was not superior to LY for other time points or end points, including insulin secretory response to mixed meal tolerance tests. The most common adverse events (nausea and vomiting) were more frequent with LY+TT223 versus LY‐only. The safety profile was consistent with previous findings.ConclusionGLP‐1+gastrin combination therapy did not improve glycaemic control versus GLP‐1 alone.
Plastic eta factor and blunting line for characterization of fracture toughness of dissimilar metal weld
Authors: Kumar Suranjit , Kumar Anshu , Singh Pawan Kumar , Chattopadhyay Jayanta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the fracture toughness evaluation procedure of different zones of dissimilar metal weld (DMW). Experiments have been conducted on compact tension specimens from DMW joint having initial notch in centre of weld and fusion boundaries. Plastic eta factors (ηp) and slope of blunting line (bl) for above specimens have been evaluated numerically. Experimental load, load line displacement, and crack growth data along with numerically evaluated ηp and bl have been used for calculation of fracture resistance curve and initiation fracture toughness, and finally, it has been compared with that evaluated as per ASTM E1820 and ESIS standard.
Livestock disturbances in Mediterranean temporary ponds: A mesocosm experiment with sheep manure and simulated trampling
Authors: Van den Broeck Maarten , Rhazi Laila , Waterkeyn Aline , El Madihi Mohammed , Grillas Patrick , Kneitel Jamie M. , Brendonck Luc 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

The number and quality of temporary wetlands are declining worldwide and many of the remaining habitats are used as pastures and drinking sites for livestock. Livestock can impact wetlands through a combination of herbivory (defoliation), trampling (physical disturbance), and defecation (nutrient input), but how these influence community structure is still poorly understood. It is nonetheless generally accepted that wetland management can include some grazing, and that properly managed livestock can play a major role in wetland conservation. In Mediterranean temporary ponds, however, it is suggested that grazing might negatively affect macrophyte biodiversity within the pond basin. The impact of livestock on the characteristic freshwater fauna also remains understudied.

Using an outdoor mesocosm experiment, we focused on two effects of sheep livestock (trampling and defecation) and their combination, on water quality and on faunal and floral communities from Moroccan temporary ponds. Communities from forested and agricultural sites (pond type) were also compared in a factorial design with treatments.

We found that sheep‐simulated trampling and nutrient input decreased hatching invertebrate and plant richness, while lasting effects on water quality and actively colonising communities were limited. Temporary pond communities from forested and agricultural sites differed in species composition and interacted with treatments in their effects on hatching crustaceans and macrophyte species composition. Treatments had a larger effect on the species composition of forest ponds compared to agricultural ponds.

These results highlight the complex effects livestock may have on aquatic communities. Water quality, taxonomic groups, and trophic levels responded negatively to trampling and waste treatments and these responses changed with pond type. With worldwide declines of seasonal wetland habitat, the effects of land use (i.e. livestock grazing) on these ecosystems and their biota are important to consider for integrated and sustainable management.
Apical root canal anatomy in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars: influence of root apical shape and prevalence of apical foramina – a micro‐CT study
Authors: Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Martins J. N. R. , Niemczyk S. , Bramante C. M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo determine whether a relationship exists between the apical shape of roots and root canal system complexity by performing a micro‐computed tomography analysis.MethodologyOne hundred extracted permanent maxillary first molars were scanned using a micro‐computed tomography device at 19.6 μm voxel size. Two groups of mesiobuccal roots were formed according to the root aspect ratio value in the apical 3‐mm cross‐sectional level (‘<2 and ≥ 2.00’). Data were recorded regarding the number and presence of accessory canals and their location, isthmus, presence of the mesiobuccal canal and dentine thickness. Depending on the analysed variable, Mann–Whitney U test and Z‐test for proportions were used to compare groups. The significant level was set at 5%.ResultsMesiobuccal roots with an aspect ratio ≥ 2.00 at the apical 3‐mm cross‐sectional level had higher percentages of accessory canals, apical foramina and MB2 root canals in the apical 3 mm. The vertical average distance from the accessory foramina and origin from the anatomic apex was 1.40 and 2.19 mm, respectively. Overall, 21.8% of the accessory canals had their origin coronal to a 3‐mm root resection line. There was no difference between the groups regarding dentine thickness.ConclusionThe shape of the apical 3 mm of maxillary first molar mesiobuccal roots was a predictive factor for the presence of complex root canal systems. Roots with a lower aspect ratio had less complex apical anatomy.
Effect of acute respiratory illness on short‐term frailty status of older adults in Nakhon Phanom, Thailand—June 2015 to June 2016: A prospective matched cohort study
Authors: Hughes Michelle M. , Praphasiri Prabda , Dawood Fatimah S. , Sornwong Kanlaya , Ditsungnoen Darunee , Mott Joshua A. , Prasert Kriengkrai 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundFrailty is associated with increased risk of mortality and decline in functional status among older adults. Older adults are at increased risk of severe disease from acute respiratory illness (ARIs), but ARI effects on frailty status among older adults are not well understood. We evaluated how ARIs affect short‐term frailty status among community‐dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in Nakhon Phanom, Thailand.MethodsDuring May 2015 to May 2017, older adults were contacted weekly to identify ARIs as part of a community‐based longitudinal cohort study. Each participant's frailty status was assessed at baseline and every 6 months using the Vulnerable Elders Survey‐13 (VES‐13). We selected cohort participants with an ARI and compared them with a sample of participants without an ARI matched on age, sex, influenza vaccination status, and most recent VES‐13 score. For these matched cohort members, an additional VES‐13 was recorded at 3‐4 weeks after the ARI episode date.ResultsOf 3220 cohort study participants, 114 participants with an ARI and 111 comparison participants without an ARI were selected for the matched cohort; three comparison participants were matched to two ARI cases. We found no statistically significant difference between ARI and non‐ARI participants in modified VES‐13 score 3‐4 weeks post‐episode (cases = 0.90, controls = 0.63, P = 0.07). Only two ARI episodes required hospitalization.ConclusionsPrimarily mild ARIs did not affect short‐term frailty status among community‐dwelling older adults in Thailand. As few cases of severe ARI were detected, the contribution of severe ARI to changes in frailty requires further investigation.