bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of hydroxyl ion diffusion through root dentine from various calcium hydroxide preparations
Authors: Plataniotis Emanuel , Abbott Paul 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDifferent calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] formulations are available. The aim was to assess differences in hydroxyl ion release with different formulations. Sixty‐six teeth were divided one control (n = 6) and four experimental (n = 15) groups: (i) Pulpdent Paste; (ii): DT Temporary Dressing; (iii): Ca(OH)2 powder/saline; (iv): Ca(OH)2 points; (v): no medicament. pH was measured in inner dentine and outer dentine cavities over 12 weeks. Inner dentine pH rose rapidly for all groups except the points and controls. Peak pH was reached by day 2 before dropping and stabilising (8.0–9.2). Outer dentine pH rose steadily until day 21 for aqueous solutions and then stabilised (8.0–8.5). The points had minimal pH increase for the entire period. There were no significant differences in hydroxyl ion release between the aqueous solutions. Type of paste base did not affect release and diffusion of hydroxyl ions which continued for 84 days.
Efficiency of a pedometer device for detecting estrus in standing heat and silent heat in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Hojo Takuo , Sakatani Miki , Takenouchi Naoki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe usefulness of a radiotelemetric pedometer for estrus detection in standing (ST) heat, or in silent heat without ST events, but in which ovulation is observed, in Japanese Black cattle was investigated. The duration of an increase in steps in ST heat was 11.8 ± 1.3 hr, and it was similar to that of ST events (duration: 10.1 ± 0.8 hr). Even in silent heat, the change pattern and the duration (11.6 ± 0.2 hr) of the period with an increase in steps during estrus were not different compared with ST heat. When artificial insemination (AI) was performed at 15.5 ± 0.6 hr from the onset of estrus detected by the pedometer in ST heat cases, the conception rate was 57.1% (8/14). Furthermore, fertility in cattle that underwent silent heat was evaluated. When AI was performed at 14.4 ± 2.0 hr from the onset of estrus detected by the pedometer, the conception rate was 60% (3/5) in silent heat cases. The overall results suggest that the radiotelemetric pedometer is a valid device for detecting estrus and it can even detect silent heat in Japanese Black cattle. Moreover, even silent heat cattle are fertile when AI is performed at the appropriate time.
Evaluation of three different patterns of feed intake during early lactation in lactating sows
Authors: Lei Xin Jian , Lee Sang In , Kim In Ho 
Published: May 2018

AbstractForty‐five multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; parity: 3.58 ± 1.30) were used to determine the effects of three patterns of feed intake during early lactation on the performance of lactating sows. Experimental treatments were as follows: IFI‐1.4, the amount of feed increased by 1.4 kg per day for the first 5 days post‐farrowing, followed by ad libitum feeding until weaning; IFI‐1.0, the amount of feed increased by 1.0 kg per day for the first 7 days post‐farrowing, followed by ad libitum feeding until weaning; IFI‐0.7, the amount of feed increased by 0.7 kg per day for the first 10 days post‐farrowing, followed by ad libitum feeding until weaning. The number of live piglets at birth/litter in three dietary treatments was 11.50, 10.07, and 10.85, respectively. Sows in the IFI‐1.4 treatment had lower backfat loss during lactation, greater daily feed intake during days 1–6, 7–12, and 1–24 compared with those in the IFI‐0.7 treatment (p < .05). The litter weaning weight, litter weight gain, and average litter daily gain in the IFI‐1.4 treatment were greater compared with those in the IFI‐0.7 treatment (p < .05). In conclusion, the results indicated that the IFI‐1.4 feed intake pattern allowed lactating sows and their litters to obtain optimal performance.
Elotuzumab monotherapy in patients with smouldering multiple myeloma: a phase 2 study
Authors: Jagannath Sundar , Laubach Jacob , Wong Ellice , Stockerl‐Goldstein Keith , Rosenbaum Cara , Dhodapkar Madhav , Jou Ying‐Ming , Lynch Mark , Robbins Michael , Shelat Suresh , Anderson Kenneth C. , Richardson Paul G. 
Published: May 2018

SummarySmouldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is associated with increased risk of progression to multiple myeloma within 2 years, with no approved treatments. Elotuzumab has been shown to promote natural killer (NK) cell stimulation and antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. CD56dim (CD56dim/CD16+/CD3−/CD45+) NK cells represent the primary subset responsible for elotuzumab‐induced ADCC. In this phase II, non‐randomized study (NCT01441973), patients with SMM received elotuzumab 20 mg/kg intravenously (cycle 1: days 1, 8; monthly thereafter) or 10 mg/kg (cycles 1, 2: weekly; every 2 weeks thereafter). The primary endpoint was the relationship between baseline proportion of bone marrow‐derived CD56dim NK cells and maximal M protein reduction; secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR) and progression‐free survival (PFS). Fifteen patients received 20 mg/kg and 16 received 10 mg/kg; combined data arepresented. At database lock (DBL, September 2014), no association was found between baseline CD56dim NK cell proportion and maximal M protein reduction. With minimum 28 months' follow‐up (DBL: January 2016), ORR (90% CI) was 10% (2·7–23·2) and 2‐year PFS rate was 69% (52–81%). Upper respiratory tract infections occurred in 18/31 (58%) patients. Four (13%) patients experienced infusion reactions, all grade 1–2. Elotuzumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone is under investigation for SMM.
How we manage Gaucher Disease in the era of choices
Authors: Revel‐Vilk Shoshana , Szer Jeff , Mehta Atul , Zimran Ari 
Published: May 2018

SummaryTreatment of Gaucher Disease (GD) is now beset with the abundance of therapeutic options for an individual patient, making the choice of therapy complex for both expert and non‐expert clinicians. The pathogenesis of all disease manifestations is a gene mutation‐driven deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, but the clinical expression and response of each of the clinical manifestations to different therapies can be difficult to predict. Enzyme replacement therapy has been available since 1991 and is well‐established, with known efficacy and minimal toxicity. Of interest, the three available enzymes are distinct molecules and were registered as new products, not biosimilars. Oral substrate reduction therapy has undergone a revitalisation with a newly approved agent in this class for which some efficacy and toxicity questions have been raised. Herein we present our approach to the management of GD in the era of choices, including a new algorithm for how to manage a newly diagnosed patient.
Human Pegivirus infection and lymphoma risk and prognosis: a North American study
Authors: Fama Angelo , Xiang Jinhua , Link Brian K. , Allmer Cristine , Klinzman Donna , Feldman Andrew L. , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Liebow Mark , Larson Melissa C. , Maurer Matthew J. , Ansell Stephen M. , Novak Anne J. , Asmann Yan W. , Slager Susan L. , Call Timothy G. , Habermann Thomas M. , Cerhan James R. , Stapleton Jack T. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWe evaluated the association of Human Pegivirus (HPgV) viraemia with risk of developing lymphoma, overall and by major subtypes. Because this virus has also been associated with better prognosis in the setting of co‐infection with human immunodeficiency virus, we further assessed the association of HPgV with prognosis. We used risk factor data and banked plasma samples from 2094 lymphoma cases newly diagnosed between 2002 and 2009 and 1572 frequency‐matched controls. Plasma samples were tested for HPgV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and those with RNA concentrations <5000 genome equivalents/ml were confirmed using nested RT‐PCR methods. To assess the role of HPgV in lymphoma prognosis, we used 2948 cases from a cohort study of newly diagnosed lymphoma patients (included all cases from the case‐control study). There was a positive association of HPgV viraemia with risk of lymphoma overall (Odds ratio = 2·14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1·63–2·80; P < 0·0001), and for all major subtypes except Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, and this was not confounded by other lymphoma risk factors. In contrast, there was no association of HPgV viraemia with event‐free survival (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1·00; 95% CI 0·85–1·18) or overall survival (HR = 0·97; 95% CI 0·79–1·20) for lymphoma overall, or any of the subtypes. These data support the hypothesis for a role of HPgV in the aetiology of multiple lymphoma subtypes.
Long‐term survival after childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: population‐based trends in cure and relapse by clinical characteristics
Authors: Smith Lesley , Glaser Adam W. , Kinsey Sally E. , Greenwood Darren C. , Chilton Lucy , Moorman Anthony V. , Feltbower Richard G. 
Published: May 2018

Summary‘Cure models’ offer additional information to traditional epidemiological approaches to assess survival for cancer patients by simultaneously estimating the proportion cured and the survival of those ‘uncured’. The proportion cured is a summary of long‐term survival while the median survival time of the uncured provides important information on those who are not long‐term survivors. Population‐based trends in the cure proportion and survival of the uncured for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) by clinical prognostic risk factors were estimated using flexible parametric cure models, based on overall survival and event‐free survival. Children aged 1–17 years diagnosed between 1990 and 2011 in Yorkshire, UK, were included (n = 492). The percentage cured increased from 77% (95% confidence interval 70–84%) in 1990–1997 to 89% (84–93%) in 2003–2011, while the median survival time of the uncured decreased from 3·2 years (2·2–4·1 years) to 0·7 years (0–1·5 years). Models based on event‐free survival showed a similar trend. The 5‐year cumulative incidence of relapse substantially decreased from 35% in 1990–97 to 9% in 2003–2011. These results show selective improvement in survival between 1990 and 2011 with a significant reduction in the risk of relapse alongside a reduced absolute duration of survival for those destined to be uncured.
Safety and effectiveness of primary transscleral diode laser cyclophotoablation for glaucoma in Nigeria
Authors: Abdull Mohammed M , Broadway David C , Evans Jennifer , Kyari Fatima , Muazu Fatima , Gilbert Clare 
Published: May 2018

AbstractImportanceTo investigate the safety, effectiveness and follow‐up rates after transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation as primary treatment for seeing eyes with primary open angle glaucoma in Bauchi, Nigeria.BackgroundThere is a high prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma in Africa where adherence to medical treatment and acceptance of surgery are poor.DesignProspective case series.ParticipantsNew glaucoma patients where surgical intervention was recommended.MethodsA diode 810 nm laser G‐probe was used under retrobulbar anaesthesia to deliver approximately 20 shots for 2000 ms, titrating the power. If both eyes were treated the first was the study eye. Repeat treatment offered if the intraocular pressure (IOP) was >21 mmHg on two consecutive visits.Main Outcome MeasuresIOP < 22 mmHg, change in ≥2 lines of Snellen visual acuity (VA), and complications.Results201 out of 204 eyes with complete data analysed. Mean age 52 years, 17 (8.3%) eyes were re‐treated. Mean pre‐treatment IOP was 39 (SD 11) mmHg. 106 (53%) attended at 12 months when the mean IOP was 19 (7–45) mmHg; 77 (73%) had IOP < 22 mmHg. VAs were better in 13 (12.3%) and worse in 23 (21.7%) eyes. Postoperative complications included mild uveitis (5.5%), corneal oedema (2.5%), severe uveitis (0.5%) and transient hypotony (2.0%). No hypotony at 12 months.Conclusions and RelevanceTransscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation controlled IOP in almost three quarters of eyes at 12 months with short‐term preservation of vision and minimal complications. Poor follow‐up in this setting highlights the need for an effective, safe and acceptable treatment where regular follow‐up is less critical.
Utilization of child helpline (CHL) among adolescents in Saudi Arabia: Results from a national survey
Authors: Al‐Eissa Majid A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study determines the rate of adolescents' interest in disclosing their exposure to abuse or neglect through a child helpline (CHL) and identifies the factors influencing disclosure through the line. A cross‐sectional, national survey utilizing ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool‐Children's Home Version was conducted in secondary high schools in the main 5 provinces of Saudi Arabia. Boys and girls from public and private schools were selected to participate. Students (N = 16,010) aged 15–18 years were invited to complete the survey. The relationship between willingness to utilize CHL and demographic characteristics of the participants were evaluated using chi‐square test. Approximately, half (48%) of the participants reported their willingness to utilize a future CHL if they experienced any type of abuse in the past. Significant difference in age, gender, areas of residence, and abuse experience were found in terms of willingness to utilize CHL, and it was more likely among older age (17–18 years), boys, urban area, and abused participants (p < .01). Participants who reported experiencing multiple forms of abuse, neglect, and psychological abuse were 1.3, 1.9, and 1.2 times, respectively, more likely willing to utilize CHL. Educating adolescents about the utilization of CHL through awareness‐raising activities might reduce the prevalence of child abuse.
MiR‐181b inhibits P38/JNK signaling pathway to attenuate autophagy and apoptosis in juvenile rats with kainic acid‐induced epilepsy via targeting TLR4
Authors: Wang Li , Song Li‐Fang , Chen Xiao‐Yi , Ma Yan‐Li , Suo Jun‐Fang , Shi Jing‐He , Chen Guo‐Hong 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo explore the role of miR‐181b in alterations of apoptosis and autophagy in the kainic acid (KA)‐induced epileptic juvenile rats via modulating TLR4 and P38/JNK signaling pathway.MethodsDual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to testify the targeting relationship between miR‐181b and TLR4. After intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of KA, rats were injected with miR‐181b agomir and TLR4 inhibitor (TAK‐242). The TLR‐4 activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was also administered into rats immediately after injection with miR‐181b agomir. Quantitative real‐time‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used for detections of miR‐181b and TLR4 expressions, hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) and Nissl staining for observation of the hippocampus morphological changes, and TUNEL staining for apoptosis analysis. Moreover, western blot was determined to detect TLR4 and P38/JNK pathway proteins, as well as autophagy‐ and apoptosis‐related proteins.ResultsTLR4 was identified as a direct target of miR‐181b using Dual‐luciferase reporter assay. KA rats injected with miR‐181b agomir or TAK‐242 had improved learning and memory abilities, reduced seizure severity of Racine’s scale, and lessened neuron injury. Additionally, miR‐181b agomir or TAK‐242 could significantly inhibit P38/JNK signaling, decrease LC3II/I, Beclin‐1, ATG5, ATG7, ATG12, Bax, and cleaved caspases‐3, but increase p62 and Bcl‐2 expression. No significances were found between KA group and KA + miR‐181b + LPS group.ConclusionMiR‐181b could inhibit P38/JNK signaling pathway via targeting TLR4, thereby exerting protective roles in attenuating autophagy and apoptosis of KA‐induced epileptic juvenile rats.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐through‐the‐needle biopsy in pancreatic cystic lesions: A multicenter study
Authors: Barresi Luca , Crinò Stefano F. , Fabbri Carlo , Attili Fabia , Poley Jan W. , Carrara Silvia , Tarantino Ilaria , Bernardoni Laura , Giovanelli Silvia , Di Leo Milena , Manfrin Erminia , Tacelli Matteo , Bruno Marco J. , Traina Mario , Larghi Alberto 
Published: May 2018

Background and AimTissue acquisition in pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) is the ideal method for diagnosis and risk stratification for malignancy of these lesions. Direct sampling from the walls of PCL with different devices has shown better results than cytology from cystic fluid. We carried out a retrospective, multicenter study to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and diagnostic yield of a micro‐forceps, specifically designed to be used through a 19‐gauge needle after endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided puncture of PCL.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from patients who underwent EUS‐through‐the‐needle biopsy (EUS‐TTNB) in PCL at six referral centers.ResultsThe sampling procedure was carried out in 56 patients (mean age 57.5 ± 13.1 years, M:F 17:39), and was technically successful in all of them (100%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 94–100%). Adverse events occurred in 9/56 (16.1%; 95% CI, 8–28%) patients, with self‐limited intracystic hemorrhage the most common (7/56, 12.5%; 95% CI, 5–24%). All adverse events were mild, and resolved without any specific intervention. Specimens were considered adequate for histological diagnosis in 47/56 (83.9%; 95% CI, 72–92%). In two of these patients, despite the histological adequacy, a diagnosis could not be reached. In two other cases, a specimen sufficient for a cytological diagnosis was obtained. Overall diagnostic yield by combining cytological and histological samples was 47/56 (83.9%; 95% CI, 72–92%).ConclusionEUS‐TTNB with micro‐forceps in PCL is feasible, safe, and has a high diagnostic yield. Future prospective studies are needed to better assess the clinical impact of EUS‐TTNB on the management of PCL.
Advanced imaging of an incomplete fracture and exostosis of the third metacarpal bone in a young Warmblood horse
Authors: Isgren C. M. , Maddox T. W. , Blundell R. , Sinovich M. , Rubio‐Martinez L. M. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryA 5‐year‐old Hanoverian gelding with acute moderate right forelimb lameness underwent nuclear scintigraphy, which identified marked increase in radiopharmaceutical uptake of the proximomedial aspect of the right metacarpus. Ultrasonography and radiography identified sclerosis and exostosis of the proximomedial aspect of the metacarpal boneIIIin‐between the suspensory ligament and the second metacarpal bone, and presence of a suspected fracture. The owner requested euthanasia of the gelding, and post‐mortem computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging identified marked bone sclerosis and thickening of the palmar cortex of the metacarpalIII(McIII), presence of an incomplete fracture in the palmar cortex of McIII and expansive exostosis from McIII extending in a palmar direction between the suspensory ligament and the second metacarpal bone. Histopathological examination confirmed the imaging findings of sclerosis and led to final diagnosis of a fracture of the palmar cortex of the McIII associated with an exostosis encroaching the medial aspect of the suspensory ligament. No abnormalities were present in the suspensory ligament or metacarpal boneII(McII).
Echocardiographic identification of atrial‐related structures and vessels in horses validated by computed tomography of casted hearts
Authors: Vandecasteele T. , Cornillie P. , van Steenkiste G. , Vandevelde K. , Gielen I. , Vanderperren K. , van Loon G. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundEchocardiography is the imaging technique of choice for the equine heart. Nevertheless, knowledge about ultrasonographic identification of dorsally located structures and vessels, related to the atria, in horses is scarce.ObjectivesTo describe the echocardiographic approach and the identification of structures and vessels in relation to the atria in healthy horses.MethodsCT images from two equine hearts, casted with self‐expanding foam, were segmented and used to identify atrial‐related structures and vessels. These images were compared with standard and nonstandard ultrasound images from ten healthy horses obtained from a left and right parasternal view optimised to visualise the dorsal cardiac area.ResultsOn new standard ultrasound views, specific atrial anatomical landmarks such as vena cava, pulmonary arteries, intervenous tubercle and oval fossa were identified in all horses. In addition, ultrasound views were defined to visualise the brachiocephalic trunk, pulmonary veins and their ostia. The 3D segmented CT images from casted hearts were used to reconstruct slices that corresponded with the echocardiographic images and allowed correct identification of specific structures.Main limitationsUltrasound examinations and casts were from different animals. A small number of casts and horses were used; therefore, anatomical variation or individual differences in identifying structures on ultrasound could not be assessed.ConclusionsImportant cardiac structures and vessels, even the different pulmonary veins, could be identified on standard and nonstandard ultrasound images in adult horses. This knowledge is important to guide and develop interventional cardiology and might be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Effects of knee taping during functional activities in older people with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Park Kyue‐nam , Kim Si‐hyun 
Published: May 2018

AimThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of knee taping on perceived pain, difficulty and stability during functional activities (squat, step‐down, and stair up and down) in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA total of 50 older participants with knee OA participated in this study. The experimental group received non‐elastic taping (NET) and the control group received sham taping. Perceived knee pain on an 11‐point scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain), and difficulty (1 = no difficulty, 5 = extreme difficulty) and stability (1 = no unstable, 5 = extreme unstable) on a 5‐point scale during functional tests (squat, step‐down test, and stair up and down) were reported at baseline and post‐taping application.ResultsAt post‐taping, pain intensity, difficulty and stability during squat, step‐down test, and stair up and down were significantly improved in the NET group. In the control group, there was significant decreased pain intensity during squat and stair up and down; however, there were no significant change of other variables. Compared with the control group, the NET significantly improved perceived pain, difficulty and stability during all tasks after the taping application.ConclusionsThe present study showed that NET application can improve perceived pain intensity, difficulty and stability during functional tests in older adults with knee OA. NET can be recommended to improve pain, stability and difficulty during squat, step‐down, and stair up and down in older adults with OA. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1206–1210.