bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Initial Quantitative Attempt to Estimate How Much Louann Evaporite was Deposited in the Gulf of Mexico Basin
Authors: Fiduk J. Carl 
Published: April 2019

Published estimates for the original volume of Mid-Jurassic Louann evaporites found throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico Basin vary widely. Volume totals derived from both map data and actual volume numbers, range from about 10,500 km3 (2,500 mi3) to 839,000 km3 (200,000 mi3), an 80 fold variation. Little new information has been published during the past twenty-five years to address this disparity. But gaining knowledge of the present day volume of salt would be an important metric if debates concerning the origin of the salt and the nature of the Gulf of Mexico Basin during salt deposition are to be reconciled.
A methodology now exists to estimate more accurately and quantitatively the volume of salt present in a given area. Multiple, recent generations of 3-D seismic depth volumes in the offshore Gulf of Mexico require that salt velocities be inserted. This vital processing step includes a systematic picking and interpretation of the tops and bases of all salt bodies encountered. The resulting models of salt velocity allow salt volume in the 3-D data sets to be calculated. Combining the salt volumes calculated from multiple seismic surveys offers new stratigraphic insights across large portions of the original salt basin.
A comparison of salt volumes derived from seismic data cubes and volumes derived from published maps can now be made. The comparisons should give some suggestion as to the accuracy of the map data. By extrapolation it should also give a more accurate and quantitative estimation of the original salt volume deposited in the Gulf of Mexico basin.
A Petroleum Systems Perspective on the Siliciclastic Cretaceous Play of the Eastern Mississippi Canyon, Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Edward Kovas , Michael Giallorenzo , Kirk Schafer , Jack Taylor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The eastern Mississippi Canyon area has long been known as a prolific Miocene oil and gas province. Organic rich shales and marls of Tithonian and Oxfordian age strata are considered the major source rocks in the region. Recently however, attention has been directed towards the intervening siliciclastic Cretaceous strata as an enticing exploration target.
This presentation focuses on the duality of the Cretaceous section as both a “first carrier” for hydrocarbons expelled from Late Jurassic source rocks and as a potentially significant “container” for hydrocarbon accumulations as well.
Examined are the petroleum system elements and processes of eastern Mississippi Canyon. Emphasis is placed on the relative roles of vertical versus lateral secondary hydrocarbon migration from source to trap. Fluid properties from sampled accumulations help constrain model-derived estimates of thermal maturation, migration timing, loss en route and potentially available hydrocarbon yield.
The “carrier/container” nature of the Cretaceous is characterized through multiple scenarios that address: Subsurface pressure relationships, bed-seal and fault properties; as well as seismically derived lithology and facies distributions. Fetch area constrained source rock expulsion through the Cretaceous is modeled, taking into account known Miocene accumulations. The results of such analyses lend insight into hydrocarbon potential within the Cretaceous.
Provenance of Cenozoic Siliciclastic Units in the Southern Gulf of Mexico by Heavy-Mineral Determinations and Geochemistry, and Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology
Authors: Beltrán-Triviño Alejandro , Martens Uwe 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We established provenance of Cenozoic sequences sampled in wells in the southern and southwestern Gulf of Mexico by heavy mineral analysis and LAICPMS detrital zircon U-Pb ages. The age spectra are dominated by Cenozoic ages. Other populations are of Cretaceous, Late Permian-Early Triassic, and Neo-Mesoproterozoic ages. Minor Jurassic, Devonian, and Ordovician ages are included.
Paleoproterozoic-Archean ages are related to the Amazonian craton. Meso-Neoproterozoic ages (1 Ga) are ubiquitous in Mexico (Oaxaquia terrane) and are related to the Grenville orogen. Neoproterozoic ages (750-550 Ma) were possibly derived from sedimentary rocks on the Panafrican orogen. Cambrian-Ordovician ages (490-450 Ma) might relate to plutons of the Esperanza suite of the Acatlán complex. Carboniferous and Permian ages (350-290 Ma) were possibly derived from the western Gondwanan arc. Permian and Triassic ages (290-250 Ma) may represent the east Mexican arc. Late Triassic and Jurassic ages (210-170 Ma) suggest a derivation from the Nazas arc in north-central Mexico. Late Jurassic ages (160 Ma) may represent the Jurassic magmatism associated with an extensional regime. Cretaceous ages (145 Ma) might be derived from Early Cretaceous arc of Mexico. Cretaceous ages (135-90 Ma) were possibly derived from the Alisitos-Peninsular Ranges arc. Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeogene ages (90-55 Ma) suggest relations with Laramide magmatism and the Late Cretaceous volcanic province in southern Mexico.
Paleogene-Neogene zircons (50 Ma and younger) are likely related to Cenozoic volcanic arcs in Mexico such as the Sierra Madre Occidental. Three earlier recognised ignimbrite flare-ups in the Eocene-Oligocene, early Oligocene, and early Miocene, match our detrital zircon populations. Furthermore, Miocene units contain kyanite-sillimanite possibly related to medium- to highgrade rocks such as the Acatlán complex or the Guatemalan Chuacús complex. We discuss the provenance based on geochemistry of the heavy minerals.
Lithological and Geochemical Analysis to Reduce Uncertainty in the Exploration of Unconventional Gas Deposits in the Burro-Picachos Basin, Northeastern Mexico
Authors: Alberto Herrera Palomo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In the search for unconventional reservoirs, one of the geological formations most studied in the United States is the Eagle Ford (Upper Cretaceous), which extends from the state of Texas in United States to the northeastern portion of the Mexican republic. The Eagle Ford Formation consists of argillaceous limestones and calcareous siltstone deposited in a mixed environment. These lithologies have petrophysical and geochemical characteristics sufficient to be considered as producing gas and/or oil, depending on the content of organic matter and the degree of maturity thermal reached.
In the northeast of the State of Coahuila, based on lithology, paleontological content, and TOC, Eagle Ford formation can be divided into three units:
Biozone A:
Biozone B:
Biozone C:
With the thickness distribution of the proposed units, it can be interpreted that the variation in the water depth depends on the topographic relief that prevailed in the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) in the northeastern portion of Mexico: in a shelf and basin environment, influenced by Maverick Basin. Geochemical data analyzed and the proposed subdivision, indicates that Biozone C drive is the thickest, and has more TOC content in the northeastern part of the Burro-Picachos Basin; the predominant type of kerogen in the area is the type III.
Using the Dykstra-Parson method to determine the homogeneity of the distribution of values of each proposed unit, Biozone A has a higher degree of homogeneity than Biozone C. However, based on TOC and degree of homogeneity, Biozone B has a lower degree of exploration.
Integral Analysis of the Opening of the Gulf of Mexico and its Relationship with the Sedimentary Basins Generation
Authors: Cruz Tomas Rodríguez 
Published: April 2019

This paper integrates, analyzes, and interprets the existing geological and geophysical information related to the opening of the Gulf of Mexico. The analysis of this information has the objective to consider the opening of the Gulf of Mexico as a result of global tectonic processes. Without doubt, the opening of the Gulf of Mexico has its origin in the interaction of two important tectonic events that generated the separation of Pangea: the Farallon Plate subduction in the Pacific and on the opening of the Central Atlantic, whose start is marked by the presence of the Central Atlantic magmatic province.
A proposal of this work is that as much oceanic crust was generated in the Oxfordian, as part of the stage in the Central Atlantic Jurassic opening. This Oxfordian period is characterized by a large positive geomagnetic chron, which explains the absence of polarity changes in the magnetic response for the Gulf of Mexico.
Another proposal is that the Sierra de Chiapas is the transpressional front that represents the final stage in the gulf opening and is associated with the edge effect of gravity anomaly that can be observed in the overall gravimetric maps.
The proposed model assumes that the magmatic arc causes continental rifting, creating basins containing red beds deposits that are located parallel to the orientation of the arc; these rifting areas evolve to form the subbasins of Chihuahua, Sabinas, and Burgos in the northeast of Mexico and Tampico Misantla, Veracruz, and Southeastern basins in eastern Mexico.
Impact of Farm Mechanization on Cropping Pattern and Cropping Intensity - A Case Study from Assam, India
Authors: Barman Sinki , Deka Nivedita , Deka Pallavi 
Published: April 2019

Farm mechanization is considered as important pathways of agricultural development. A farming system cannot sustain with the traditional system. The mechanization of farm is also inductive to the diversification of the cropping pattern as it enables farmer to raise a second crop or multi crop ultimately raising cropping intensity. The study was conducted in Central Brahmaputra Valley and Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of mechanization on cropping pattern and cropping intensity .Primary data were collected with the help of specially design pretested schedule by interview method. Thus, a sample of 240 farmers had been taken for the study. Cropping intensity was higher in case of all mechanize farm than bullock operated farm not only individual size groups but all farm size taken together. Tractor Hired Farm had the highest cropping intensity (162.21 per cent) followed by Power Tiller Hired Farm (161.49 per cent) and Tractor Operated Farm (152.00) per cent) and Power Tiller Operated Farm (154.62 per cent), respectively. In case Bullock Operated Farm cropping intensity showed positive relationship with farm size but reverse was the in case of each mechanized farm. Mechanized farm had higher cropping intensity which was confirmed by regression analysis that in all the categories of farm had positive significant relationship with cropping intensity but farm size and cropping intensity had highly significant inverse relationship. Cropping pattern of different categories of mechanized farms slightly shifted to high valued crops while in case of Bullock Operated Farm it was remain sali rice biased as usual. Mechanization showed an impact on increasing cropping intensities in the study area where Tractor Ownership Farm by hiring appeared to be the most important form of mechanization as it depicted a very high significant relationship with the cropping intensity in the study area. Cooperative management of farm machinery, financing of second-hand tractors for small farmers should be given for strengthening mechanization amongst the small farmers in the study area.
Amphipol‐assisted purification method for the highly active and stable photosystem II supercomplex of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Watanabe Akimasa , Kim Eunchul , Burton‐Smith Raymond N. , Tokutsu Ryutaro , Minagawa Jun 
Published: April 2019

Photosystem II (PSII) splits water and drives electron transfer to plastoquinone via photochemical reactions using light energy. It is surrounded by light‐harvesting complex II (LHCII) to form the PSII–LHCII supercomplex. Complete characterization of its structure and function has, however, been hampered due to instability of the complex in the presence of detergent. To overcome this problem, we developed a new procedure for purifying the PSII–LHCII supercomplexes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii employing amphipol A8‐35. The obtained supercomplexes showed little LHCII dissociation even 4 days after purification. Oxygen‐evolving activity was retained within amphipol if the extrinsic polypeptides were kept associated by betaine. Electron microscopy revealed that this method also improved structural uniformity and that the major organization was C2S2M2L2.
Sulfur‐Catalyzed Stereo and Regioselective Synthesis of Heteropropellanes via Oxidative Condensation of Cyclohexanones with 2‐Aminophenols
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Retailleau Pascal 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSulfur was found to be an excellent catalyst for the oxidative coupling of cyclohexanones with o‐aminophenols using DMSO as oxidant. A wide range of heteropropellanes were obtained with complete regio and stereoselectivities and functional group tolerance.magnified image
The Ab Initio Calculations on the Areal Specific Resistance of Li‐Metal/Li7La3Zr2O12 Interphase
Authors: Gao Jian , Guo Xuyun , Li Yutao , Ma Zhaohui , Guo Xiangxin , Li Hong , Zhu Ye , Zhou Weidong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe solid–solid interfacial impedance between the garnet electrolyte and Li metal anode is one of the major challenges for garnet's application in all‐solid‐state batteries. The areal specific resistance (ASR) is investigated by ab initio calculations in this article, to predict the intrinsic ASR as lower limitation. The Li ion migration across the interphase is divided into two steps: 1) Li "intercalation" from Li‐metal to the LLZO, forming a Li‐rich interphase beneath the surface of LLZO, and 2) Li migration in the Li‐rich interphase within LLZO. The first step is investigated by climbing image nudged elastic band (CI‐NEB), resulting in barrier energy lower than 0.37 eV compared to experimental 0.34 eV of the garnet bulk phase. The second step is investigated by ab initio molecular dynamic simulations (AIMD), indicating that the Li‐rich interphase's conductivity is lower by about 1–2 orders of magnitude compared to the bulk phase. As a result, the sum theoretical intrinsic ASR is as low as 0.01 Ω cm2, suggesting high ASR in practicable battery arises from surficial impurity Li2CO3 rather than intrinsic ionic resistance. However, difficulties of removing Li2CO3 lie in that Li7La3Zr2O12 can thermodynamically decompose into reactive Li2O to form high resistant Li2CO3.
Direct Structure–Performance Comparison of All‐Carbon Potassium and Sodium Ion Capacitors
Authors: Xu Ziqiang , Wu Mengqiang , Chen Zhi , Chen Cheng , Yang Jian , Feng Tingting , Paek Eunsu , Mitlin David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA hybrid ion capacitor (HIC) based on potassium ions (K+) is a new high‐power intermediate energy device that may occupy a unique position on the Ragone chart space. Here, a direct performance comparison of a potassium ion capacitor (KIC) versus the better‐known sodium ion capacitor is provided. Tests are performed with an asymmetric architecture based on bulk ion insertion, partially ordered, dense carbon anode (hard carbon, HC) opposing N‐ and O‐rich ion adsorption, high surface area, cathode (activated carbon, AC). A classical symmetric “supercapacitor‐like” configuration AC–AC is analyzed in parallel. For asymmetric K‐based HC–AC devices, there are significant high‐rate limitations associated with ion insertion into the anode, making it much inferior to Na‐based HC–AC devices. A much larger charge–discharge hysteresis (overpotential), more than an order of magnitude higher impedanceRSEI, and much worse cyclability are observed. However, K‐based AC–AC devices obtained on‐par energy, power, and cyclability with their Na counterpart. Therefore, while KICs are extremely scientifically interesting, more work is needed to tailor the structure of  “Na‐inherited” dense carbon anodes and electrolytes for satisfactory K ion insertion. Conversely, it should be possible to utilize many existing high surface area adsorption carbons for fast rate K application.
Highly Tough, Li‐Metal Compatible Organic–Inorganic Double‐Network Solvate Ionogel
Authors: Yu Le , Guo Songtao , Lu Yue , Li Yaqian , Lan Xiwei , Wu Dabei , Li Ruguang , Wu Siqi , Hu Xianluo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIonogels are considered promising electrolytes for safe lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of their low flammability, good thermal stability, and wide electrochemical stability window. Conventional ionic liquid‐based ionogels, however, face two main challenges; poor mechanical property and low Li‐ion transfer number. In this work, a novel solvate ionogel electrolyte (SIGE) based on an organic–inorganic double network (DN) is designed and fabricated through nonhydrolytic sol–gel reaction and in situ polymerization processes. The unprecedented SIGE possesses high toughness (bearing the deformation under the pressure of 80 MPa without damage), high Li‐ion transfer number of 0.43, and excellent Li‐metal compatibility. As expected, the LiFePO4/Li cell using the newly developed SIGE delivers a high capacity retention of 95.2% over 500 cycles, and the average Coulombic efficiency is as high as 99.8%. Moreover, the Ni‐rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)/Li cell based on the modified SIGE achieves a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.4%, which outperforms previous solid/quasi‐solid‐state NCM811‐based LIBs. Interestingly, the SIGE‐based pouch cells are workable under extreme conditions (e.g., severely deforming or clipping into segments). In terms of those unusual features, the as‐obtained SIGE holds great promise for next‐generation flexible and safe energy‐storage devices.
Health effects from unintentional occupational exposure to opioids among law enforcement officers: Two case investigations
Authors: Chiu Sophia K. , Hornsby‐Myers Jennifer L. , de Perio Marie A. , Snawder John E. , Wiegand Douglas M. , Trout Douglas , Howard John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecent increases in the rate of drug overdose‐related deaths, the emergence of potent opioids such as carfentanil, and media reports of incidents have raised concerns about the potential for work‐related exposure to a variety of illicit drugs among law enforcement officers (LEOs), other emergency responders, and other workers in the United States. To characterize the risk associated with unintentional occupational exposure to drugs, we retrospectively investigated two incidents that occurred in 2017 and 2018 where LEOs were exposed to opioid and stimulant drugs and experienced health effects. We interviewed five affected LEOs and others. We reviewed records, including emergency department documentation, incident reports, forensic laboratory results, and when available, body camera footage. Multiple drug types, including opioids and nonopioids, were present at each incident. Potential routes of exposure varied among LEOs and were difficult to characterize with certainty. Health effects were not consistent with severe, life‐threatening opioid toxicity, but temporarily precluded affected LEOs from performing their essential job duties. While health risks from occupational exposure to drugs during law enforcement activities cannot currently be fully characterized with certainty, steps to prevent such exposures should be implemented now. The creation and implementation of appropriate controls plus education and training are both important to protecting first responders from these hazardous agents. To more fully characterize potential exposures, timely prospective toxicological evaluation of affected responders is recommended.
[Fe(H2O)5(NO)]2+, das Chromophor des “braunen Rings”
Authors: Monsch Georg , Klüfers Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObwohl die Erforschung des Chromophors des “braunen Rings”, das Ion [Fe(H2O)5(NO)]2+ (1), länger als ein Jahrhundert zurückreicht, gelang die Isolierung dieser nur wenig stabilen Spezies bisher nicht. Nun aber eröffnet die Kristallisation eines Salzes von 1 die Möglichkeit, die besondere Bindungssituation auf experimenteller Grundlage zu analysieren. Das Ergebnis, eine Fe‐NO‐Bindung durch zwei gestreckte, spinpolarisierte π‐Wechselwirkungen, ist eine Herausforderung des Konzeptes der Oxidationsstufe.
Mass Spectrometric Study of Acoustically Levitated Droplets Illuminates Molecular‐Level Mechanism of Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer involving Lipid Oxidation
Authors: Mu Chaonan , Wang Jie , Barraza Kevin M. , Zhang Xinxing , Beauchamp J. L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEven though the general mechanism of photodynamic cancer therapy is known, the details and consequences of the reactions between the photosensitizer‐generated singlet oxygen and substrate molecules remain elusive at the molecular level. Using temoporfin as the photosensitizer, here we combine field‐induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry and acoustic levitation techniques to study the “wall‐less” oxidation reactions of 18:1 cardiolipin and 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐(1′‐rac‐glycerol) (POPG) mediated by singlet oxygen at the air–water interface of levitated water droplets. For both cardiolipin and POPG, every unsaturated oleyl chain is oxidized to an allyl hydroperoxide, which surprisingly is immune to further oxidation. This is attributed to the increased hydrophilicity of the oxidized chain, which attracts it toward the water phase, thereby increasing membrane permeability and eventually triggering cell death.
Enantioselective Addition Reaction of Azlactones with Styrene Derivatives Catalyzed by Strong Chiral Brønsted Acids
Authors: Kikuchi Jun , Terada Masahiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn enantioselective intermolecular addition reaction of azlactones, as carbon nucleophiles, with styrene derivatives, as simple olefins, was demonstrated using a newly developed chiral Brønsted acid catalyst, namely, F10BINOL‐derived N‐triflyl phosphoramide. Addition products having vicinal tetrasubstituted carbon centers, one of which is an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center, were formed in good yields with moderate to high stereoselectivities. Extremely high acidity of the new chiral Brønsted acid was confirmed by its calculated pKa value based on DFT studies and is the key to accomplishing not only high catalytic activity but also efficient stereocontrol in the intermolecular addition.
Synthesis of π‐Functional Molecules through Oxidation of Aromatic Amines
Authors: Hiroto Satoru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this review, we focus on the synthesis of π‐conjugated functional molecules by the oxidation of aromatic amines, which is one of the most effective methods for the construction of C−C, C−N, and N−N bonds between two π‐conjugated molecular units, and consider their characteristics and applications. Polyanilines are the most common products of the oxidation of aromatic amines; however, azobenzenes, phenazines, and 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamines may be produced in this manner also, depending on the reaction conditions. Recent advances in the methodology of aniline oxidation have led to the development of high‐regioselectivity industrial‐scale syntheses of optically or electroactive π‐functional dyes containing nitrogen atoms. In particular, the regioselective fusion of π‐extended aromatic amines can be used to prepare distorted π‐conjugated molecules under mild reaction conditions, allowing the construction of unprecedented curved nitrogen‐containing π‐conjugated molecules.