bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender disparities in high-quality dermatology research: a descriptive bibliometric study on scientific authorships
Authors: Bendels Michael H K , Dietz Michelle Cathrin , Brüggmann Dörthe , Oremek Gerhard Maximilian , Schöffel Norman , Groneberg David A 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe present study aims to elucidate the state of gender equality in high-quality dermatological research by analysing the representation of female authorships from January 2008 to May 2017.DesignRetrospective, descriptive study.Setting113 189 male and female authorships from 23 373 research articles published in 23 dermatological Q1 journals were analysed with the aid of the Gendermetrics Platform.Results43.0% of all authorships and 50.2% of the firstauthorships, 43.7% of the coauthorships and 33.1% of the last authorships are held by women. The corresponding female-to-male ORs are 1.41 (95% CI 1.37 to 1.45) for first authorships, 1.07 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.10) for coauthorships and 0.60 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.62) for last authorships. The annual growth rates are 1.74% overall and 1.45% for first authorships, 1.53% for coauthorships and 2.97% for last authorships. Women are slightly under-represented at prestigious authorships compared with men (Prestige Index=−0.11). The under-representation remains stable in highly competitive articles attracting the highest citation rates, namely, articles with many authors and articles that were published in highest-impact journals. Multiauthor articles with male key authors are only slightly more frequently cited than those with female key authors. Women publish slightly fewer papers compared with men (47.2% women hold 43.0% of the authorships). At the level of individual journals, there is a high degree of uniformity in gender-specific authorship odds. By contrast, distinct differences at country level were revealed. The prognosis for the next decades forecasts a consecutive harmonisation of authorship odds between the two genders.ConclusionsIn high-quality dermatological research, the integration of female scholars is advanced as compared with other medical disciplines. A gender gap consists mainly in the form of a career dichotomy, with many female early career researchers and few women in academic leadership positions. However, this gender gap has been narrowed in the last decade and will likely be further reduced in the future.
Digital Support Platform: a qualitative research study investigating the feasibility of an internet-based, postdiagnostic support platform for families living with dementia
Authors: Killin Lewis O J , Russ Tom C , Surdhar Sushee Kaur , Yoon Youngseo , McKinstry Brian , Gibson Grant , MacIntyre Donald J 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo establish the feasibility of the Digital Support Platform (DSP), an internet-based, postdiagnostic tool designed for families living with a diagnosis of dementia.DesignQualitative methods using normalisation process theory as an analysis framework for semistructured interview transcriptions.SettingA community care setting in the South-East Scotland.ParticipantsWe interviewed 10 dyads of people with Alzheimer’s, vascular or mixed dementia (PWD), and their family carers, who had been given and had used the DSP for at least 2 months.ResultsOur analysis revealed that the DSP was predominantly understood and used by the carers rather than PWD, and was used alongside tools and methods they already used to care for their relative. The DSP was interpreted as a tool that may be of benefit to those experiencing later stages of dementia or with physical care needs. Carers stated that the DSP may be of benefit in the future, reflecting a disinclination to prepare for or anticipate for future needs, rather than focus on those needs present at the time of distribution. PWD spoke positively about an interest in learning to use technology more effectively and enjoyed having their own tablet devices.ConclusionsThe DSP was not wholly appropriate for families living with dementia in its early stages. The views of carers confirmed that postdiagnostic support was valued, but emphasised the importance of tailoring this support to the exact needs and current arrangements of families. There may be a benefit to introducing, encouraging, providing and teaching internet-enabled technology to those PWD who do not currently have access. Training should be provided when introducing new technology to PWD.
What is the cost of palliative care in the UK? A systematic review
Authors: Gardiner Clare , Ryan Tony , Gott Merryn 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesLittle is known about the cost of a palliative care approach in the UK, and there is an absence of robust activity and unit cost data. The aim of this study was to review evidence on the costs of specialist and generalist palliative care in the UK, and to explore different approaches used for capturing activity and unit cost data.MethodsA systematic review with narrative synthesis. Four electronic databases were searched for empirical literature on the costs of a palliative care approach in the UK, and a narrative method was used to synthesise the data.ResultsTen papers met our inclusion criteria. The studies displayed significant variation in their estimates of the cost of palliative care, therefore it was not possible to present an accurate aggregate cost of palliative care in the UK. The majority of studies explored costs from a National Health Service perspective and only two studies included informal care costs. Approaches to estimating activity and costs varied. Particular challenges were noted with capturing activity and cost data for hospice and informal care.ConclusionThe data are limited, and the heterogeneity is such that it is not possible to provide an aggregate cost of palliative care in the UK. It is notable that the costs of hospice care and informal care are often neglected in economic studies. Further work is needed to address methodological and practical challenges in order to gain a more complete understanding of the costs of palliative care.
DuraGraft vascular conduit preservation solution in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: rationale and design of a within-patient randomised multicentre trial
Authors: Ben Ali Walid , Voisine Pierre , Olsen Peter Skov , Jeanmart Hugues , Noiseux Nicolas , Goeken Tracy , Satishchandran Vilas , Cademartiri Filippo , Cutter Garry , Veerasingam Dave , Brown Craig , Emmert Maximilian Y , Perrault Louis P 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionSaphenous vein grafts (SVGs) remain the most often used conduits in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, they are prone to vein graft disease (VGD) during follow-up, which may compromise clinical outcomes. Injury to the SVG endothelium during harvesting and storage promotes neointimal hyperplasia that can advance to atherosclerosis characterised by SVG failure. This trial investigates the potential benefit of DuraGraft, a novel, one-time intraoperative graft treatment developed to efficiently protect the structural and functional integrity of the vascular endothelium, on the development and progression of VGD in CABG patients.Methods and analysisThis ongoing prospective randomised, double-blinded multicentre trial (NCT02272582/NCT02774824) includes patients undergoing isolated CABG requiring at least two SVGs. It compares the impact of DuraGraft, a novel treatment against VGD versus thestandard-of-care(SOC; heparinised saline) using a within-patient randomisation (with one SVG treated with DuraGraft and the other treated with SOC). Besides clinical assessments, patients undergo longitudinal 64-slice or better multidetector CT (MDCT) angiography of paired grafts (within each patient) at 4–6 weeks, 3 months and 12 months. Primary endpoints will be the magnitude of change in mean wall thickness and lumen diameter (stenosis) of paired grafts, at 3 and 12 months, respectively. Besides the evaluation of overall safety, longitudinal assessment of each graft (secondary endpoint) is performed in order to obtain insight into graft behaviour after CABG. Enrolment of 119 patients was successfully completed, and analysis of MDCT angiography follow-up is ongoing with the completed analysis becoming available by end of first quarter of 2018.Ethics and disseminationThe regional ethics committees have approved the trial. Results will be submitted for publication.Clinical trial identifierNCT02272582 andNCT02774824.
100 years of STIs in the UK: a review of national surveillance data
Authors: Mohammed Hamish , Blomquist Paula , Ogaz Dana , Duffell Stephen , Furegato Martina , Checchi Marta , Irvine Neil , Wallace Lesley A , Thomas Daniel Rhys , Nardone Anthony , Dunbar J Kevin , Hughes Gwenda 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThe 1916 Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases was established in response to epidemics of syphilis and gonorrhoea in the UK. In the 100 years since the Venereal Diseases Act (1917), the UK has experienced substantial scientific, economic and demographic changes. We describe historical and recent trends in STIs in the UK.MethodsWe analysed surveillance data derived from STI clinics’ statistical returns from 1917 to 2016.ResultsSince 1918, gonorrhoea and syphilis diagnoses have fluctuated, reflecting social, economic and technological trends. Following spikes after World Wars I and II, rates declined before re-emerging during the 1960s. At that time, syphilis was more common in men, suggestive of transmission within the men who have sex with men (MSM) population. Behaviour change following the emergence of HIV/AIDS in the 1980s is thought to have facilitated a precipitous decline in diagnoses of both STIs in the mid-1980s. Since the early 2000s, gonorrhoea and syphilis have re-emerged as major public health concerns due to increased transmission among MSM and the spread of antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhoea. Chlamydia and genital warts are now the most commonly diagnosed STIs in the UK and have been the focus of public health interventions, including the national human papillomavirus vaccination programme, which has led to substantial declines in genital warts in young people, and the National Chlamydia Screening Programme in England. Since the 1980s, MSM, black ethnic minorities and young people have experienced the highest STI rates.ConclusionAlthough diagnoses have fluctuated over the last century, STIs continue to be an important public health concern, often affecting more marginalised groups in society. Prevention must remain a public health priority and, as we enter a new era of sexual healthcare provision including online services, priority must be placed on maintaining prompt access for those at greatest risk of STIs.
Sympathoexcitation constrains vasodilation in the human skeletal muscle microvasculature during postocclusive reactive hyperemia
Authors: Ichinose Masashi , Nakabayashi Mikie , Ono Yumie 
Published: April 2018

We used diffuse correlation spectroscopy to investigate sympathetic vasoconstriction, local vasodilation, and integration of these two responses in the skeletal muscle microvasculature of 20 healthy volunteers. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy probes were placed on the flexor carpi radialis muscle or vastus lateralis muscle, and a blood flow index was derived continuously. We measured hemodynamic responses during sympathoexcitation induced by forehead cooling, after which the effects of the increased sympathetic tone on vasodilatory responses during postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) were examined. PORH was induced by releasing arterial occlusion (3 min) in an arm or leg. To increase sympathetic tone during PORH, forehead cooling was begun 60 s before the occlusion release and ended 60 s after the release. During forehead cooling, mean arterial pressure rose significantly and was sustained at an elevated level. Significant vasoconstriction and decreases in blood flow index followed by gradual blunting of the vasoconstriction also occurred. The time course of these responses is in good agreement with previous observations in animals. The acute sympathoexcitation diminished the peak vasodilation during PORH only in the vastus lateralis muscle, but it hastened the decline in vasodilation after the peak in both the flexor carpi radialis muscle and vastus lateralis muscle. Consequently, the total vasodilatory response assessed as the area of the vascular conductance during the first minute of PORH was significantly diminished in both regions. We conclude that, in humans, the integrated effects of sympathetic vasoconstriction and local vasodilation have an important role in vascular regulation and control of perfusion in the skeletal muscle microcirculation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used diffuse correlation spectroscopy to demonstrate that acute sympathoexcitation constrains local vasodilation in the human skeletal muscle microvasculature during postocclusive reactive hyperemia. This finding indicates that integration of sympathetic vasoconstriction and local vasodilation is importantly involved in vascular regulation and the control of perfusion of the skeletal muscle microcirculation in humans.
RAS–MAPK Reactivation Facilitates Acquired Resistance inFGFR1-Amplified Lung Cancer and Underlies a Rationale for Upfront FGFR–MEK Blockade
Authors: Bockorny Bruno , Rusan Maria , Chen Wankun , Liao Rachel G. , Li Yvonne , Piccioni Federica , Wang Jun , Tan Li , Thorner Aaron R. , Li Tianxia , Zhang Yanxi , Miao Changhong , Ovesen Therese , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Kwiatkowski David J. , Gray Nathanael S. , Meyerson Matthew , Hammerman Peter S. , Bass Adam J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe FGFR kinases are promising therapeutic targets in multiple cancer types, including lung and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and bladder cancer. Although several FGFR kinase inhibitors have entered clinical trials, single-agent clinical efficacy has been modest and resistance invariably occurs. We therefore conducted a genome-wide functional screen to characterize mechanisms of resistance to FGFR inhibition in a FGFR1-dependent lung cancer cellular model. Our screen identified known resistance drivers, such as MET, and additional novel resistance mediators including members of the neurotrophin receptor pathway (NTRK), the TAM family of tyrosine kinases (TYRO3, MERTK, AXL), and MAPK pathway, which were further validated in additional FGFR-dependent models. In an orthogonal approach, we generated a large panel of resistant clones by chronic exposure to FGFR inhibitors in FGFR1- and FGFR3-dependent cellular models and characterized gene expression profiles employing the L1000 platform. Notably, resistant clones had enrichment for NTRK and MAPK signaling pathways. Novel mediators of resistance to FGFR inhibition were found to compensate for FGFR loss in part through reactivation of MAPK pathway. Intriguingly, coinhibition of FGFR and specific receptor tyrosine kinases identified in our screen was not sufficient to suppress ERK activity or to prevent resistance to FGFR inhibition, suggesting a redundant reactivation of RAS–MAPK pathway. Dual blockade of FGFR and MEK, however, proved to be a more powerful approach in preventing resistance across diverse FGFR dependencies and may represent a therapeutic opportunity to achieve durable responses to FGFR inhibition in FGFR-dependent cancers. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(7); 1526–39. ©2018 AACR.
Efficient Gene Silencing in Brain Tumors with Hydrophobically Modified siRNAs
Authors: Osborn Maire F. , Coles Andrew H. , Golebiowski Diane , Echeverria Dimas , Moazami Michael P. , Watts Jonathan K. , Sena-Esteves Miguel , Khvorova Anastasia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal form of primary brain tumor with dismal median and 2-year survivals of 14.5 months and 18%, respectively. The paucity of new therapeutic agents stems from the complex biology of a highly adaptable tumor that uses multiple survival and proliferation mechanisms to circumvent current treatment approaches. Here, we investigated the potency of a new generation of siRNAs to silence gene expression in orthotopic brain tumors generated by transplantation of human glioma stem-like cells in athymic nude mice. We demonstrate that cholesterol-conjugated, nuclease-resistant siRNAs (Chol-hsiRNAs) decrease mRNA and silence luciferase expression by 90% in vitro in GBM neurospheres. Furthermore, Chol-hsiRNAs distribute broadly in brain tumors after a single intratumoral injection, achieving sustained and potent (&gt;45% mRNA and &gt;90% protein) tumor-specific gene silencing. This readily available platform is sequence-independent and can be adapted to target one or more candidate GBM driver genes, providing a straightforward means of modulating GBM biology in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(6); 1251–8. ©2018 AACR.
Mechanisms of Oncogene-Induced Replication Stress: Jigsaw Falling into Place
Authors: Kotsantis Panagiotis , Petermann Eva , Boulton Simon J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Oncogene activation disturbs cellular processes and accommodates a complex landscape of changes in the genome that contribute to genomic instability, which accelerates mutation rates and promotes tumorigenesis. Part of this cellular turmoil involves deregulation of physiologic DNA replication, widely described as replication stress. Oncogene-induced replication stress is an early driver of genomic instability and is attributed to a plethora of factors, most notably aberrant origin firing, replication–transcription collisions, reactive oxygen species, and defective nucleotide metabolism.
Significance: Replication stress is a fundamental step and an early driver of tumorigenesis and has been associated with many activated oncogenes. Deciphering the mechanisms that contribute to the replication stress response may provide new avenues for targeted cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the DNA replication stress response and examine the various mechanisms through which activated oncogenes induce replication stress. Cancer Discov; 8(5); 537–55. ©2018 AACR.
O Partenon ateniense: recepção e exposição
Authors: Thomas Katerina 
Published: April 2018

Nesse artigo, o Partenon é considerado a partir do contexto de múltiplos significados a ele atribuidos pelo Ocidente. Alterações e danos sofridos ao longo do tempo sáo igualmente incluidos na análise. Eventos fatidicos dentro da turbulenta história da Grécia afetaram tanto o estado de conservação do Partenon como também acrescentaram a um debate que focou esse monumento como a mais importante construção clássica. Foco esse que levou à construção de um fantástico museu em Atenas.
Clinical Events After Discontinuation of β‐Blockers in Patients Without Heart Failure Optimally Treated After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Neumann Anke , Maura Géric , Weill Alain , Alla François , Danchin Nicolas 
Published: April 2018

Background:
β-blockers have been among the first medications shown to improve outcomes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). With the advent of reperfusion therapy and other secondary-prevention medications, their role has become uncertain, and large-scale experience after AMI in the contemporary era is lacking. In particular, the effect of stopping β-blockers in patients initially treated after AMI is unknown.

Methods and Results:
Using the French healthcare databases, 73 450 patients (<80 years of age), admitted for AMI in 2007 to 2012, without acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the previous 2 years and no evidence of heart failure, having received optimal treatment with myocardial revascularization and all recommended medications in the 4 months after index admission, and not having discontinued β-blockers before 1 year, were followed for 3.8 years on average. β-Blocker discontinuation was defined as 4 consecutive months without exposure. If β-blocker treatment was resumed later on, follow-up was stopped. Both the risk of the composite outcome of death or admission for ACS and the risk of all-cause mortality were assessed in relation with β-blocker discontinuation during follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios were estimated using marginal structural models accounting for time-varying confounders affected by previous exposure. A similar analysis was performed with statins. Of 204 592 patient-years, 12 002 (5.9%) corresponded to discontinued β-blocker treatment. For β-blocker discontinuation, the adjusted hazard ratio for death or ACS was 1.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.35); for all-cause death, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.36). In contrast, for statin discontinuation, the adjusted hazard ratios for death or ACS and for all-cause death were 2.31 (95% confidence interval, 2.01–2.65) and 2.57 (95% confidence interval, 2.19–3.02), respectively.

Conclusions:
In routine care of patients without heart failure, revascularized and optimally treated after AMI, discontinuation of β-blockers beyond 1 year after AMI was associated with an increased risk of death or readmission for ACS, while statistical significance was not reached for the association with all-cause mortality. A contemporary randomized clinical trial is needed to precise the role of β-blockers in the long-term treatment after AMI.
Social Network Trajectories in Myocardial Infarction Versus Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Dhand Amar , Longstreth W. T. , Chaves Paulo H. M. , Dhamoon Mandip S. 
Published: April 2018

Background

Changes in social networks are rarely examined before and after various diseases because of insufficient data. CHS (The Cardiovascular Health Study) offers an opportunity to compare social network trajectories surrounding well‐adjudicated myocardial infarction (
MI
) or stroke events. We tested the hypothesis that social networks will be stable after
MI
and decrease after stroke.

Methods and Results

We examined trajectories of the Lubben Social Network Scale score (
LSNS
, range 0–50) before and after vascular events over 11 years. The
LSNS
assesses engagement in family networks, friends’ networks, and social supports. We used a linear mixed model with repeated measures and fixed effects to compare the change in social network score before and after events in 395 people with
MI
and 382 with ischemic stroke. Over a mean of 12.4 years of follow‐up for
MI
and 11.1 years for stroke, we examined an average of 4 social network scores for each participant. We controlled for sociodemographics, baseline cognitive function, and comorbidities. The participants’ mean age was 73.5, 51% were women, and 88% were non‐Hispanic white. After
MI
, the social network trajectory remained stable compared with the baseline trajectory (−0.06 points per year, adjusted
P
=0.2356). After stroke, the social network trajectory declined compared with the baseline trajectory (−0.14 points per year, adjusted
P
=0.0364).

Conclusions

Social networks remained stable after
MI
and declined after stroke. This small and persistent decline after adjustment for potential confounders is notable because it deviates from stable network trajectories found in
CHS
participants and is specific to stroke.