bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invention of a Bathing Tradition in Hasmonean Palestine
Authors: Fatkin Danielle Steen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhile scholars have known about the earliest ritual immersion pool in the Buried Palace at Jericho for more than thirty years, they have yet to produce a clear understanding of why the Hasmoneans began building ritual immersion pools when they did. Further, scholars have also failed to acknowledge the innovative nature of these spaces. I argue that we can best resolve these shortcomings by understanding the construction of the earliest known purpose-built ritual immersion pool (PBRIP) by John Hyrcanus I as an innovation driven by the political and social disruptions of the late second century BCE, and that once he had pioneered the idea of a PBRIP that it rapidly gained popularity. This article contextualizes the PRBIPs within the framework of Hellenistic palatial architecture and Second Temple literature rather than rabbinic literature.
Subgeneric classification of the Palaearctic bees of the genus Evylaeus Robertson (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: PESENKO YURI A. 
Published: February 2019

A subgeneric classification for the 318 currently recognised species of the genus Evylaeus recorded from the Palaearctic Region (in the narrower understanding) is suggested. It includes 29 subgenera all of which are keyed. An annotated list of subgenera contains diagnoses and information about type species, general geographic distribution, and species included. The following 19 new subgenera are described: Aerathalictus subg. n. (type species: Melitta aerata Kirby), Biennilaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus marginatus Brullé), Crassevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus crassepunctatus Blüthgen), Fratevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus fratellus Pérez), Glauchalictus subg. n. (type species: Halictus problematicus Blüthgen), Laevinodilaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus laevinodis Morawitz), Limbevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus limbellus Morawitz), Loethalictus subg. n. (type species: Halictus loetus Brullé), Malachevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Melitta malachura Kirby), Minutulaeus subg. n. (type species: Hylaeus minutulus Schenck), Monilevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus immunitus Vachal), Nitidiusculaeus subg. n. (type species: Melitta nitidiuscula Kirby), Nodicornevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus nodicornis Morawitz), Pallidevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Nomioides pallida Radoszkowski), Pauxevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Hylaeus pauxillus Schenck), Tricinctevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus tricinctus Schenck), Truncevylaeus subg. n. (type species: Halictus truncaticollis Morawitz), Virenshalictus subg. n. (type species: Hylaeus virens Erichson), Viridihalictus subg. n. (type species: Halictus viridis Brullé). Hylaeus politus Schenck is fixed as the type species of the subgenus Pyghalictus Warncke 1975. Evylaeus albitarsoides (Blüthgen) is resurrected as a valid species. The following new synonymies are ascertained: Halictus fedtschenkoi Blüthgen 1938 = Lasioglossum andromeda Ebmer 1978, syn. n.; Lasioglossum fratellus betulae Ebmer 1978 = L. nupricola Sakagami 1988, syn. n. The lectotype of Halictus fedtschenkoi Blüthgen is designated. Advantages of a more finely divided and hierarchically deeper classification of large taxa are discussed. A synonymic catalogue of species-group names of the Palaearctic Evylaeus, comprising 679 names, appended.
A review of East and Central African species of Letheobia Cope, revived from the synonymy of Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger, with descriptions of five new species (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)
Authors: BROADLEY DONALD G. , WALLACH VAN 
Published: February 2019

The genus Letheobia Cope 1869 is revived for the “worm-like blind-snakes” which were assigned to the genus Rhinotyphlops Fitzinger 1843 by Roux-Estève in 1974 (her Groups IV to VII). Letheobia pallida is restricted to Zanzibar, and the specimens from Pemba Island, the East African coast, southern Sudan and southwestern Ethiopia are described as four new species. Three species included by Roux-Estève (1974) in the polyphyletic genus Typhlops Oppel, T. uluguruensis Barbour & Loveridge (Group II), T. obtusus Peters and T. decorosus Buchholz & Peters (Group V) are considered basal forms in the genus Letheobia and a related species, L. jubana sp. nov., is described from southern Somalia.
Huffmanela spp. (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae) parasites in coral reef fishes off New Caledonia, with descriptions of H. balista n. sp. and H. longa n. sp.
Authors: JUSTINE JEAN-LOU 
Published: February 2019

Two new species of Huffmanela Moravec, 1987 are described from coral reef fishes caught off New Caledonia, South Pacific. H. balista n. sp. is described from the adults and eggs found in the swimbladder wall of a single Abalistes stellatus (Balistidae). The male, 9.9 mm long, has characteristic spermatids and spermatozoa. The female has a characteristic cuticularised anterior oesophagus. The eggs (70 × 34 µm) spontaneously hatch and release larvae, 260 µm long. H. longa n. sp. is described from a single female and from eggs collected in the mesentery, swimbladder and body walls of three Gymnocranius grandoculis (Lethrinidae). The female, although immature, is the longest (20.7 mm) of all species of the genus. The eggs (66 × 27 µm) have superficial filaments, and are differentiated from those of H. filamentosa Justine, 2004 from the same host, by their greater measurements. Eggs of Huffmanela mexicana Moravec et Fajer-Avila, 2000, are redescribed for comparison. The host of Huffmanela sp. of Justine, 2004, is identified as Pentapodus aureofasciatus. New observations on H. ossicola Justine, 2004 are reported, including new hosts (Bodianus busellatus and B. perditio), comparative measurements of eggs in various hosts and organs, description of larvae, 228 µm in length, and X-ray observations of the skeleton of an infected fish.
Three-Dimensional, Space-Dependent Mesoscale Diffusivity: Derivation and Implications
Authors: Canuto V. M. , Cheng Y. , Howard A. M. , Dubovikov M. S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecently, we presented a parameterization of an arbitrary tracer 3D mesoscale flux that describes both diabatic and adiabatic regimes without using arbitrary tapering functions. However, we did not parameterize the mesoscale diffusivity, which is the subject of this work. A key difference between the present and previous diffusivity parameterizations is that in the latter, the two main ingredients, mesoscale drift velocity and eddy kinetic energy, were not parameterized but determined using present data, which deprives the models of predictive power. Since winds, stratification, etc., are predicted to change in the future, use of these parameterizations to study future climate scenarios becomes questionable. In this work, we parameterize drift velocity and eddy kinetic energy (vertical–horizontal components), which we first assess with data [WOCE, TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P), and North Atlantic Tracer Release Experiment (NATRE)] and then use in a coarse-resolution stand-alone ocean code under Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiment I (CORE-I) forcing. We present results for the global ocean temperature and salinity, Atlantic overturning circulation, meridional heat transport, and Drake Passage transport, which we compare with several previous studies. The temperature drift is less than that of five of seven previous OGCMs, and the salinity drift is among the smallest in those studies. The predicted winter Antarctic Circumpolar Current mixed layer depths (MLDs) are in good agreement with the data. Predicting the correct MLD is important in climate studies since models that predict very deep mixed layers transfer more of the radiative perturbation to the deep ocean, reducing surface warming (and vice versa).
A Modified Nonstationary Tidal Harmonic Analysis Model for the Yangtze Estuarine Tides
Authors: Gan Min , Chen Yongping , Pan Shunqi , Li Jiangxia , Zhou Zijun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInfluenced by river discharge, the tidal properties of estuarine tides can be more complex than those of oceanic tides, which makes the tidal prediction less accurate when using a classical tidal harmonic analysis approach, such as the T_TIDE model. Although the nonstationary tidal harmonic analysis model NS_TIDE can improve the accuracy for the analysis of tides in a river-dominated estuary, it becomes less satisfactory when applying the NS_TIDE model to a mesotidal estuary like the Yangtze estuary. Through the error source analysis, it is found that the main errors originate from the low frequency of tidal fluctuation. The NS_TIDE model is then modified by replacing the stage model with the frequency-expanded tidal–fluvial model so that more subtidal constituents, especially the “atmospheric tides,” can be taken into account. The results show that the residuals from tidal harmonic analysis are significantly reduced by using the modified NS_TIDE model, with the yearly root-mean-square-error values being only 0.04–0.06 m for the Yangtze estuarine tides.
The Epidemiology of Benign Voice Disorders in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Lai Ying-Ta , Wang Yuan-Hung , Yen Yu-Chun , Yu Tzu-Yun , Chao Pin-Zhir , Lee Fei-Peng , Dailey Seth 
Published: February 2019

Objective: Because there are few population-based studies regarding the epidemiology of benign voice diseases, the present study used a nationwide population-based claims database (the National Health Insurance Research Database) to investigate the epidemiology of benign voice diseases among the general adult population in Taiwan. Methods: Study participants were retrieved for those patients who were 20 to 90 years old with a diagnosis of benign voice diseases that were defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes from 2006 to 2014. Patient visits were grouped into infectious (ICD-9-CM: 012.3, 032.3, 034.0, 090.5, 095.8,101, 464.0, 464.20, 464.21, 465.x, 476.0, 476.1) and noninfectious (ICD-9-CM: 306.1, 478.3x, 478.4, 478.5, 748.3, 784.4x) dysphonia groups. Results: Benign voice disorders have a prevalence of approximately 3.6% in Taiwan as of 2014. The year-to-year prevalence decreased gradually in the query period. Infectious dysphonia diagnoses were higher than noninfectious ones. Dysphonia caused by noninfectious diagnoses was most prevalent in the 60 to 79 years age group. Dysphonia caused by infectious diagnoses was highest in 20 to 39 years group. Noninfectious dysphonia diagnoses were more common in women. Conclusion: The prevalence of voice disorders among the adult population in Taiwan was 3.6% in 2014. Voice disorders are more common in women and occur primarily in the 20 to 39 years age group. Infectious dysphonia is more common than noninfectious dysphonia. The results may be underestimated due to limitation of the database. This is the first population-based epidemiology study of adult voice disorders.
Facial Fractures in Young Adults: A National Retrospective Study
Authors: Povolotskiy Roman , Youssef Pavly , Kaye Rachel , Paskhover Boris 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: “Young adulthood” is a term used to define individuals falling within the 18- to 22-year-old age range. Injuries account for more than a third of emergency department visits in this population. A particular area of concern is accidents that lead to injuries of the facial bones because they can have long-term functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial impacts. As many as 30 million young adults participate in some sort of sport in the United States per year, and facial injuries from these activities are not uncommon and thus require further exploration. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was used to conduct a retrospective review to explore patterns of maxillofacial fractures in young adult patients between the ages of 18 and 22 years from 2004 through 2017. The data analyzed yielded information about patient demographics, diagnoses, and associated products. Results: A total of 3486 emergency department visits were included in the study. The most common facial fractures were nasal fractures (64.4%), mandible fractures (12.3%), and orbital fractures (6.1%). The most common causes of fractures were sports (55.48%), fixed structures (6.39%), and stairs or steps (5.60%). The top 3 sports associated with facial fractures were basketball (25.4%), baseball (11.6%), and football (10.4%). Conclusions: For young adult individuals, some sort of sporting activity is common outside of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The overwhelming majority of facial fractures in this population were caused by sports, and the authors believe this issue warrants further exploration and discussion. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimated 8.6 million sports- and recreation-related injuries occurred per year between 2011 and 2014. Despite ever growing research and guidelines into sports injury incidence and prevention, it is clear that sports are the cause of a large portion of maxillofacial fractures in the United States.
The Legal Personality of the Commonwealth of Australia
Authors: Hartford Davis Sebastian Howard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe article analyses legal materials concerning the legal personality of the Commonwealth of Australia under domestic law. It argues that the Commonwealth as legal person has an existence, as a unit of the legal system, which is conceptually distinct from the Commonwealth of Australia as a nation, and the Commonwealth as federal government of that nation. Current idioms (eg ‘polity’ and ‘body politic’) have a tendency to confuse these distinctions. The article suggests, as a more appropriate way to denote the Commonwealth as legal person, the term ‘constitutional person’.
Complete withdrawal is the most effective approach to reduce disability in patients with medication-overuse headache: A randomized controlled open-label trial
Authors: Nielsen Mia , Carlsen Louise Ninett , Munksgaard Signe Bruun , Engelstoft Ida Maria Storm , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Bendtsen Lars 
Published: February 2019

Background Medication-overuse headache leads to high disability and decreased quality of life, and the best approach for withdrawal has been debated. Aim To compare change in disability and quality of life between two withdrawal programs. Methods We randomized medication-overuse headache patients to program A (two months without acute analgesics or migraine medications) or program B (two months with acute medications restricted to two days/week) in a prospective, outpatient study. At 6 and 12 months, we measured disability and headache burden by the Headache Under-Response to Treatment index (HURT). We estimated quality of life by EUROHIS-QOL 8-item at 2-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. Primary endpoint was disability change at 12 months. Results We included 72 medication-overuse headache patients with primary migraine and/or tension-type headache. Fifty nine completed withdrawal and 54 completed 12-month follow-up. At 12-month follow-up, 41 patients completed HURT and 38 completed EUROHIS-QOL 8-item. Disability reduction was 25% in program-A and 7% in program-B ( p = 0.027). Headache-burden reduction was 33% in program-A and 3% in program-B ( p = 0.005). Quality of life was increased by 8% in both programs without significant difference between the programs ( p = 0.30). At 2-month follow-up, quality of life increased significantly more in program-A than program-B ( p = 0.006). Conclusion Both withdrawal programs reduced disability and increased quality of life. Withdrawal without acute medication was the most effective in reducing disability in medication-overuse headache patients. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02903329).
Impact of prenatal exposure to bisphenol A on pregnant rats: Fetal bone development and immunohistochemistry implications
Authors: Atay Emre , Ertekin Tolga , Yılmaz Halil , Güler Hatice Susar , Al Özge , Nisari Mehtap , Yay Arzu , Unur Erdoğan , Özdamar Saim , Yalçın Betül 
Published: February 2019

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly produced chemicals in the world. BPA is used in products such as food packaging, personal care products, detergents, and plastic bottles. This study was conducted to determine the effect of BPA on fetal bone development. Material and methods: In this study, 16 pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into four groups: the control group and 0.5 mg/kg/day, 5 mg/kg/day, and 50 mg/kg/day dose BPA groups. The skeletal system development of fetuses was examined with double skeletal and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and the alkaline phosphatase (AP) expressions) methods. Results: The highest ossification rates in the humerus, radius, and ulna were detected as 41.05%, 39.25%, and 37.26% in the control group, respectively. The highest ossification rates in the femur, tibia, and fibula were detected as 23.04%, 30.73%, and 32.78% in the control group, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between control and experimental groups in the TRAP and AP expression of the femur by IHC staining ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Exposure to BPA during pregnancy adversely affected ossification and bone growth. A dose-dependent decrease was observed in the rate of ossification.
Opportunities for use of radiation therapy in penile cancer based on patterns of care in the United States from 2007 to 2013
Authors: Shen Xinglei , Parker William , Miller Leah , TenNapel Mindi 
Published: February 2019

Background: Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective modality for the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the penis. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends consideration of primary radiation for penile preservation, in surgically unresectable tumors, and as adjuvant therapy for positive margins, bulky groin nodes or pelvic nodes. We performed a population-based analysis to evaluate the usage of RT in penile cancer from 2007 to 2013. Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results ( SEER) database to identify men diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis from 2007 to 2013. Patients were grouped as early stage (T1–T2N0), locally advanced (T3–T4N0), node-positive (T1xN1–3) and metastatic. We used linear regression model to test for factors associated with adjuvant radiation in node-positive patients. Results: We identified 2200 men diagnosed with penile cancer between 2007 and 2013. Of these, 66.4% had early stage, 10.7% had locally advanced, 15.5% had node-positive, 3.2% had metastatic cancer. Among patient with early stage cancer, RT was used in 14 patients (1.0%) and postoperative radiation in an additional 45 patients (3.1%). Among 340 patients with node-positive cancer, 62.1% received surgery alone, 5.6% radiation alone, 21.8% surgery with adjuvant radiation, and 10.6% neither surgery nor radiation. Of patients who had surgery, 26.0% had adjuvant radiation. On univariate analysis, higher nodal stage (N2–3 versus N1) was associated with adjuvant radiation ( p = 0.02), while there was a trend for higher T-stage (T3/T4 versus T1/T2) ( p = 0.08) and history of prior malignancy ( p = 0.06). On multivariate analysis, only higher nodal stage (N2–3 versus N1) was associated with use of adjuvant radiation [hazard ratio (HR) 1.94, p = 0.03]. Conclusions: A small percentage of patient who are eligible for primary or adjuvant RT in the United States receive this treatment. Further work should be done to assess barriers to use of radiation in patients with penile cancer.
Preoperative Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Prior to Office Balloon Sinus Dilation: A 2011–2014 MarketScan® Analysis
Authors: Jang David W. , Abraham Cecily , Cyr Derek D. , Schulz Kristine , Abi Hachem Ralph , Witsell David L. 
Published: February 2019

Background In-office balloon sinus dilation (BSD) has recently gained popularity as a surgical treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, utilization, indications, and practice patterns surrounding in-office BSD remain unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to use a large national administrative database to assess preoperative management of CRS prior to in-office BSD. Methods Patients undergoing standalone in-office BSD from 2011 to 2014 were identified on MarketScan and compared to a control group undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Visits to the otolaryngologist, number of computed tomography (CT) scans, number of antibiotic and steroid prescriptions, and duration of time from first visit to procedure were compared. Results When compared to the FESS group, the in-office BSD group overall had fewer office visits (2.0 vs 2.2), CT scans (1.0 vs 1.1), prescriptions for antibiotics (2.0 vs 2.2), prescriptions for systemic steroids (1.5 vs 1.8), and topical steroids (1.4 vs 1.5) in the preoperative period. They also had a shorter mean duration of time between first visit and CT scan (17.5 vs 21.4 days) as well as between first visit and procedure (55.0 vs 67.8 days). All of these findings were statistically significant. Conclusion In-office BSD for CRS was overall associated with less intense management in the preoperative period when compared to FESS. Such differences may reflect ongoing shifts in practice patterns and need to be further investigated.
Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for ischemic stroke in early pregnancy dosed by actual body weight
Authors: Peksa Gary D , Ostrem Jamie , Davis Teresa 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Few published reports highlight intravenous tissue plasminogen activator use during the first trimester of pregnancy and provide outcomes for mother and fetus. Little guidance is available regarding body weight dosing of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator during pregnancy. Methods: Here, we present a patient who received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in the emergency department during her first trimester of pregnancy for the treatment of an acute ischemic stroke. Outcomes are presented for mother and fetus, as well as discussion about the dosing weight utilized for the intravenous tissue plasminogen activator dose calculation. Results: A 35-year-old, Gravida 7 Para 6, presented to the emergency department at 9 weeks gestation with acute stroke symptoms. Her initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 7. Imaging revealed a hyperdense right middle cerebral artery sign. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator was administered 57 min after her arrival and based on her actual body weight during pregnancy. Post tissue plasminogen activator imaging revealed recanalization of the vessel and the patient’s National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was 0. The patient progressed to delivery of a healthy female infant. The patient did not experience any bleeding complications throughout pregnancy. Conclusion: We present positive outcomes of a mother and fetus after receipt of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator using actual body weight during the first trimester of pregnancy for an acute ischemic stroke. Additional information is necessary to provide recommendations for the application to future patients in early pregnancy.