bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical assessment of the human body effect in the transmission of wireless microphones
Authors: Cabot Eugenia , Stevanovic Ivica , Kuster Niels , Capstick Myles H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany mobile devices, including wireless microphones, are operated in the near proximity of the human body that modifies radiation conditions and absorbs some of the power of the device and, therefore, introduces an additional loss (body loss) to the radio communication link. In this article, we characterize the body loss in wireless microphones over a wide frequency range spanning from the very high frequencies (235 MHz) to the super‐high frequencies (6 GHz) using 3D numerical electromagnetic simulations of 3 realistic human anatomical models and for 2 microphone types (hand‐held and body‐worn).
Optical fiber vibration sensing system using delay line method
Authors: Wang Yu , Ding Kai , Xu Yuelin , Song Xiaoda , Zhang Jianguo , Liu Xin , Bai Qing , Wang Dong , Zhang Mingjiang , Jin Baoquan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA delay line method for a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system is reported. The sensing system is a combination of non‐balanced Sagnac/Mach‐Zehnder structure and an adjustable optical fiber delay line. The vibration location principle is the expansion of conventional null‐frequencies theory, which needs to adjust the length of delay line, in order to determine a zero point in the amplitude variation curve of detected light intensity for one characteristic frequency appearing in the vibration signal spectrum. Moreover, the location simulation using delay line method for narrowband vibration signals is affected. Finally, the experiment verifies that the location errors of vibration events are within ±70 m. The main advantage of proposed method is that it can locate not only the broadband vibration but also the narrowband vibration.
Reduced Eating Pace (RePace) Behavioral Intervention for Children Prone to or with Obesity: Does the Turtle Win the Race?
Authors: Faith Myles S. , Diewald Lisa K. , Crabbe Samantha , Burgess Brenda , Berkowitz Robert I. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveRapid eating is a risk factor for childhood obesity but has not been a focus of intervention with young children. The short‐term effects of a novel family‐based treatment, “Reduced Eating Pace” (RePace), were tested on child eating speed and secondary outcomes.MethodsTwenty‐eight rapid eating children were randomized to RePace (n  = 14) or Delayed Usual Care Control (DUC) (n  = 14). RePace taught families a slower eating pace using psychoeducational and behavioral techniques, including silent vibrating devices that prompted 30‐second “turtle bites.” Outcomes included child “slowness in eating” assessed by parent‐report questionnaire and observed eating in the laboratory (i.e., mouthfuls/minute and kilocalories/minute). Child BMI and other eating variables were secondary outcomes.ResultsChildren in RePace compared with DUC showed increased “slowness in eating” (P  <  0.001), increased food enjoyment (P  = 0.04), and less BMI gain (P  = 0.02) after 8 weeks. There was no treatment effect for observed eating speed, although typicality of the laboratory test meal was an effect modifier in exploratory analyses. Specifically, RePace versus DUC showed attenuated increases in mouthfuls per minute over time among youth for whom the laboratory food amount was more typical of amounts served at home.ConclusionsSlower eating may be a novel target for family‐based obesity prevention targeting high‐risk children.
Long‐term analysis of children with metastatic neuroblastoma treated in the ENSG5 randomised clinical trial
Authors: Moreno Lucas , Vaidya Sucheta J. , Schrey Dominik , Pinkerton C. Ross , Lewis Ian J. , Kearns Pamela R. , Machin David , Pearson Andrew D. J. ,   European Neuroblastoma Study Group and the Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group (CCLG) (formerly UKCCSG)
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe European Neuroblastoma Study Group 5 (ENSG5) trial showed that time‐intensive “rapid” induction chemotherapy (COJEC) was superior to “standard” 3‐weekly chemotherapy for children with high‐risk metastatic neuroblastoma. Long‐term outcomes of the ENSG5 trial were analysed.ProcedurePatients with metastatic neuroblastoma aged ≥12 months were randomly assigned to “standard” or “rapid” induction, receiving the same chemotherapy drugs and doses. Event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed and prognostic factors evaluated. Amongst patients surviving >5 years, a population of children with persistent metastatic disease after the end of treatment was identified and described.ResultsTen‐year EFS was 18.2% (95% confidence interval: 12.2–25.2) for the “standard” arm and 26.8% (19.5–34.7) for the “rapid” arm (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85, P = 0.28). Ten‐year OS for the “standard” arm was 19.7% (13.4–26.8) and 28.3% (20.8‐36.2) for the “rapid arm” (HR 0.83, P = 0.19). There was a trend for worse EFS and OS for patients having MYCN amplification (HR 1.37 and 1.40, respectively) and those with partial and mixed response to induction (HR 1.69 and 1.75 for EFS and 1.66 and 2.00 for OS, respectively). Among 69 patients who survived >5 years, six had persistent metastatic disease after the end of treatment.ConclusionThe benefit of the “rapid” induction regimen seems to be maintained in the long term, although the small number of survivors could justify the lack of statistical significance. MYCN amplification and poor metastatic response to induction could be associated with worse outcomes. A small group of patients with persistent metastatic disease that survived long term has been described.
Fundamental investigation on interaction between hexafluoroisopropylalcohol‐containing styrene and photochemical acid generator for rationale design of photoresist system
Authors: Doi Takashi , Shimokawa Tsutomu , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis article presents the effect of some ionic photochemical acid generators (PAGs) to inhibit the dissolution of hexafluoroisopropylalcohol (HFA)‐containing polystyrene to an aqueous alkaline developer, which is a highly important effect in photoresist application to enhance resolution of patterning. The dissolution inhibiting factors and mechanisms were investigated by evaluating the solubility and the 1H‐NMR analysis of OH proton in HFA moiety. The dissolution inhibition effect was enhanced when the structures of PAGs fulfill some requirements: (a) their anions should have higher basicity and smaller van der Waals volume; (b) their cations should be stabilized by conjugation with electron‐rich aromatics. In the dissolution inhibition, the HFA moiety interacts with the anionic part of PAGs liberated from the electrostatic interaction with the counter cation. These interactions were predicted and quantified by DFT calculations using Gaussian 09, leading to the rational designs of PAGs with higher dissolution inhibiting effect in photoresist systems. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 531–538
Saving plants, saving ourselves
Authors: Raven Peter H. 
Published: December 2018

Societal Impact StatementHumans, as a species, are very new on Earth, but we have had a profound effect on the Planet. The global ecosystem is necessary for every aspect of our lives; yet, we are not safeguarding it nor protecting the biodiversity of the other organisms we share the planet with. As a species, we depend on plants and agriculture for our very existence and they need to receive greater attention and focus. Plant scientists can work together to achieve a robust and sustainable future for all.SummaryThe future of the Earth and its inhabitants has never been more uncertain, but there is still time for us to prevent further catastrophe. Plant scientists have a crucial role to play in the preservation of plant biodiversity and crop genetic diversity, both vital goals that will have a major impact on the success or failure of humanity’s attempts to prevent ecological disaster. At the 2017 International Botanical Congress in Shenzhen, China, a series of suggestions for the many important ways in which plant scientists could contribute to a sustainable future were proposed, and were accepted by the Delegates of the meeting. These included: conducting research in the context of the changing world, promoting plant science and international collaboration, building platforms for big data, generating a full inventory of plant species, protecting indigenous knowledge, and engaging the power of the public. Here, I describe this Shenzhen Declaration, the threats it aims to mitigate, and the key roles that plant scientists must play for the future benefit of mankind.
People and plants: The unbreakable bond
Authors: Knapp Sandra 
Published: December 2018

Societal Impact StatementPlants are crucial for human survival, providing nutrition, warmth, clothing, and shelter, as well as the air that we breathe. Plants also enhance our environment by making it more beautiful and thereby enriching our lives and increasing our wellbeing. We need to study plants more and better understand their biodiversity so that we can conserve and safeguard their future to create an ecological civilization. Plant scientists must work together with other members of human societies to ensure the survival of these crucial organisms upon which we are reliant.SummaryWe are losing biodiversity at an unprecedented rate, which will have unknown but potentially devastating consequences for the Earth's planetary systems. Before we can conserve biodiversity, however, we must understand it, both as a concept and by performing an assessment of the diversity of life on our planet. Here, I highlight and explore the relationships between people and plants. Plants perform a diverse array of ecosystem processes, which provide us with a huge number of ecosystem services. We have domesticated a relatively tiny number of plant species to better optimize some of the products they provide us, including food, fiber, and fuel, but our relationships even with these few species are complex. Using the Solanaceae as an example, I explore the cultural, societal, economic, and nutritional aspects of our relationships with crop plants, as well as our use and knowledge of the genetic diversity stored in their wild relatives. Conserving plant biodiversity is vital for ourselves and for the rest of the biosphere, but plant scientists cannot achieve this alone. Highlighting the importance of biodiversity is key to attract public support and collaboration, enabling us to better map diversity and understand the impacts of our local behaviors on a global scale.
Beautiful genes, beautiful plants
Authors: Yang Huanming , Wang Xiaoling , Tian Juan 
Published: December 2018

Societal Impact StatementWe all have reason to acknowledge plants，as humans, together with all other animals, breathe the oxygen produced by plants every second of the day, and we need the diversity of plants to maintain a balanced ecological environment. Plants also help us to understand the secrets of life and contribute to our understanding of ourselves. The Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), announced in February 2017, has the ambitious mission to sequence “all life on Earth,” of which plants are of course a major part.SummaryResearch into plants has led to many vital contributions to science in general. International collaborations are now the lifeblood of scientific research, particularly in the field of genomics. From humble, underfunded beginnings as the only developing nation in the Human Genome Project (HGP), China has emerged as a powerhouse of genomics research with major involvement in a whole host of genome‐sequencing projects worldwide. Today, the cutting‐edge international research projects are focused on genome writing and editing, allowing us to engineer organisms to produce bioproducts or to display a new suite of phenotypic characteristics. It is possible to bioengineer anything if all the constituent parts of the metabolic/signaling pathways and the regulation network are understood. Decoding the secrets of life is vital for enhancing our appreciation of plants, our understanding of how we can benefit from them, and our ability to protect them. Once again, plant science is driving our understanding of the world in general, which may enable us to protect both plant biodiversity and to create a beautiful and brilliant future for humankind.
Proteomics of Uterosacral Ligament Connective Tissue from Women with and without Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Li Xiang‐Juan , Pan Hai‐Tao , Chen Juan‐Juan , Fu Yi‐Bin , Fang Min , He Guo‐Hua , Zhang Tao , Ding Hai‐Gang , Yu Bin , Cheng Yi , Tan Ya‐Jing , Zhao Fa‐Lin , Morse Abraham N. , Huang He‐Feng 
Published: December 2018

PurposeDamage to the uterosacral ligaments is an important contributor to uterine and vaginal prolapse. The aim of this study is to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the uterosacral ligaments of women with and without pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and analyze their relationships to cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of POP.Experimental designUterosacral ligament connective tissue from four patients with POP and four control women undergo iTRAQ analysis followed by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of DEPs. DEPs are validated using Western blot analysis.ResultsA total of 1789 unique protein sequences are identified in the uterosacral ligament connective tissues. The expression levels of 88 proteins are significantly different between prolapse and control groups (≥1.2‐fold, p < 0.05). IPA demonstrates the association of 14 DEPs with “Connective Tissue Function.” Among them, fibromodulin, collagen alpha‐1 (XIV) chain, calponin‐1, tenascin, and galectin‐1 appear most likely to play a role in the etiology of POP.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAt least six proteins not previously associated with the pathogenesis of POP with biologic functions that suggest a plausible relationship to the disorder are identified. These results may be helpful for furthering the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of POP.
Front Cover: Cover Image, Volume 75, Issue 1
Authors: Ge Xuezhen , He Shanyong , Zhu Chenyi , Wang Tao , Xu Zhichun , Zong Shixiang 
Published: December 2018

The front cover image is based on the Research Article Projecting the current and future potential global distribution of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) using CLIMEX by Xuezhen Ge et al., DOI: 10.1002/ps.5083. Photo Credit: Lili Ren
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The spatial dynamics of race in the transition to university: Diverse cities and White campuses in U.K. higher education
Authors: Gamsu Sol , Donnelly Michael , Harris Richard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUsing exceptionally detailed administrative data on all 412,000 students attending university in the United Kingdom in 2014–2015 combined with spatial census data from 2011, we explore for the first time how the ethnic composition of where students grow up is linked to where they attend university. We calculate a “diversity score” for every U.K. university, which is then compared with the ethnic diversity of the surrounding area, allowing us to explore the institutional geography of ethnicity in U.K. universities. These scores provide the basis for a multilevel analysis of factors influencing whether students move towards more or less ethnically diverse universities than where they have grown up. White students are more likely than their ethnic‐minority peers to move towards a university that is more diverse than their home neighbourhood. We thus explore how students' mobility decisions for university are influenced by the uneven geography of race in U.K. cities and universities.
Comparison between the analysis of the asymptotic wavepacket and the associated flux for the calculation of kinetic‐energy‐releases function
Authors: Han Yong‐Chang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe kinetic‐energy‐releases (KER) distribution function of the fragment is an important observable in the molecular dynamics. In theory, there are several different methods to calculate the KER distribution function or spectrum, which could be generally divided into two classes: One is based on the analysis of the asymptotic wavepacket (“projection method”) and the other is on the analysis of the associated flux (“flux method”). By taking the above‐threshold dissociation of the HeH+ (v = 8) molecule as an example, we compared these two classes of methods. Based on evenly separated Fourier grid representation, the KER distribution calculated via the projection method FProj(Ek) is the same as the one calculated via the flux method FFlux(Ek). The relationship between FProj(Ek) and the distribution of the projection of the asymptotic wavepacket onto the energy eigenstates of the quasicontinuum, PProj(Ek), and the relationship between FFlux(Ek) and the distribution of the dissociation probability PFlux(Ek) from the cumulation of the associated flux, are determined.
Electron‐pair entropic and complexity measures in atomic systems
Authors: López‐Rosa Sheila , Martín Adrián L. , Antolín Juan , Angulo Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe two‐electron atomic densities are analyzed in both position and momentum spaces in terms of different information‐theoretic measures, such as disequilibrium, Shannon entropy, shape complexity, and its corresponding information plane. This study is conveyed throughout the Periodic Table and the obtained results are discussed in terms of varied atomic properties such as (1) atomic charge, (2) shell filling patterns, and (3) electronic correlation. A detailed discussion on how these properties modify in a particular manner the electron density structure when considering a one‐electron or a two‐electron density description is conducted.
On the use of multicriteria decision analysis to formally integrate community values into ecosystem‐based freshwater management
Authors: Langhans Simone D. , Jähnig Sonja C. , Schallenberg Marc 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems are essential to peoples' economic, cultural, and social well‐being, yet are still among the most threatened ecosystems on the planet. Consequently, a plethora of recent regulations and policies seek to halt the loss of restore or safeguard freshwaters, their biodiversity, and the ecosystem services they provide. Ecosystem‐based management (EBM), an approach that considers human society as an integral part of ecosystems, is increasingly being promoted to help meet this challenge. EBM involves an overarching regulatory framework and local solutions with trade‐offs and compromises—factors that not only make decision processes complex but also provide the means for combining top–down regulation with bottom‐up priorities into collaborative management strategies. Although stakeholder participation is encouraged in most modern freshwater management, community values are often largely neglected. Here, we introduce a well‐known participatory decision support framework based on multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to operationalize EBM and promote community‐inclusive decision making in freshwater management. We explain the different steps that this approach comprises, which lead to the prioritization of a management strategy in a collaborative way. We also show how cultural values that inherently embed strong links between the environment and people can be used together with typical ecological and socio‐economic values. We illustrate the MCDA‐based EBM‐approach for New Zealand, one of the few countries in which regional freshwater management is mandated to uphold environmental quality standards, while safeguarding local community values and ecosystem services. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges, which are increasingly emerging as a result of mandated community collaboration in environmental management.
Solution‐Controlled Conformational Switching of an Anchored Wireframe DNA Nanostructure
Authors: Hoffecker Ian T. , Chen Sijie , Gådin Andreas , Bosco Alessandro , Teixeira Ana I. , Högberg Björn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembled DNA origami nanostructures have a high degree of programmable spatial control that enables nanoscale molecular manipulations. A surface‐tethered, flexible DNA nanomesh is reported herein which spontaneously undergoes sharp, dynamic conformational transitions under physiological conditions. The transitions occur between two major macrostates: a spread state dominated by the interaction between the DNA nanomesh and the BSA/streptavidin surface and a surface‐avoiding contracted state. Due to a slow rate of stochastic transition events on the order of tens of minutes, the dynamic conformations of individual structures can be detected in situ with DNA PAINT microscopy. Time series localization data with automated imaging processing to track the dynamically changing radial distribution of structural markers are combined. Conformational distributions of tethered structures in buffers with elevated pH exhibit a calcium‐dependent domination of the spread state. This is likely due to electrostatic interactions between the structures and immobilized surface proteins (BSA and streptavidin). An interaction is observed in solution under similar buffer conditions with dynamic light scattering. Exchanging between solutions that promote one or the other state leads to in situ sample‐wide transitions between the states. The technique herein can be a useful tool for dynamic control and observation of nanoscale interactions and spatial relationships.
High Performance, Tunable Electrically Small Antennas through Mechanically Guided 3D Assembly
Authors: Liu Fei , Chen Ying , Song Honglie , Zhang Fan , Fan Zhichao , Liu Yuan , Feng Xue , Rogers John A. , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo address demands for increased data transmission rates, electrically small antennas (ESAs) that simultaneously offer large frequency bandwidths and small physical sizes are of growing interest. 3D layouts are particularly important in this context and among various 3D ESAs, systems that adopt hemispherical shapes are very promising, because they can occupy the entire Chu‐sphere and offer outstanding electrical performance. Researchers have developed a few different approaches to fabricate high‐quality hemispherical ESAs, but most have static layouts and fixed operating frequencies. Here, a mechanically guided 3D assembly approach is introduced for the design and fabrication of deformable hemispherical ESAs that can offer tunable, dynamic properties to adapt to changes in environmental conditions. The strategy exploits controlled compressive buckling of strategically patterned 2D precursor structures, as a low‐cost and high‐yield scheme that can exploit conventional, planar processing technologies and commercially available platforms. Combined numerical simulations and experimental measurements show outstanding performance characteristics in terms of the quality factor and radiation efficiency. Application of external tensile strains to elastomeric substrates for these systems allows them to be reshaped and reversibly tuned through a wide range of center frequencies. Mechanical testing under different loading conditions demonstrates the ability of these ESAs to accommodate large deformations.