bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
049 LONG-TERM GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF CUT-FLOWER YIELD IN GERBERA
Authors: Huang Hongzhan , Harding James , Bvrne Thomas 
Published: February 2019

The effects of long-term genetic improvement are measured by selection response predicted from estimates of narrow-sense heritability. However, changes of population mean must be partitioned into genetic and environmental components-in order to accurately estimate selection response.
A long-term selection experiment for cut-flower yield in the Davis population of gerbera (Gerbera hybrida, Compositae) was conducted for sixteen generations. Breeding value was estimated for individual plants in the population using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP). Genetic change was calculated from breeding values of individual plants in each generation. The results of this study indicate: the long-term selection experiment was successful and necessary for genetic improvement. Genetic change over sixteen generations was 33 flowers. Mean breeding values increased monotonously with an “S” shape pattern. Environmental effects fluctuated from generation to generation. Cut-flower yield in the Davis population of gerbera will continuously respond to selection.
069 EFFECTS OF APPLE BRANCH GIRDLING ON RETENTION AND QUALITY OF FRUIT AND VEGETATIVE GROWTH
Authors: Mitchell Carl E. , Barden John A. 
Published: February 2019

In 1992, branches on `Triple Red Delicious'/M.7 were girdled. A factorial of treatments (control, 9mm girdle-uncovered, 9mm girdle-covered) and timings: 0, 15, 30, 60, & 90 days after full bloom(DAFB) was used. With `Golden Delicious'1M.7, branch treatments were: control, score, and 6mm, 9mm, & 12 mm covered girdles, each applied at 0, 15, 30, & 60 DAFB. In 1993, treatments were: control, 9mm uncovered girdle, & pruning saw cut; each was applied 0, 7, 14, and 21 DAFB. Each girdle was a complete ring of bark; scoring was a knife cut through the bark.
The 2 cultivars responded similarly to girdling. Effects were greatest to treatments at 0-30 DAFB, and included increased fruit set or retention, temporary suppression of vegetative growth, and increased levels of soluble solids in the fruit. Treatments affected starch levels in the fruit and flesh firmness, but these effects were inconsistent.
086 SEVERITY OF LEAF SCORCH AND BLACK APHID DAMAGE TO PECAN AS RELATED TO WATER AVAILABILITY
Authors: Wood Bruce W. , Reilly Charles C. , Tedders W. Louis 
Published: February 2019

Two years of observations on water availability, black aphids and leaf scorch provides evidence of substantial interaction among these factors. Foliage of irrigated trees of `Desirable', `Cheyenne', and `Wichita' cvs. exhibited much less leaf scorch, black aphid damage, free nitrogenous substances, and sugars than did nonirrigated trees.
Water stress appears to predispose foliage in such a way so as to greatly increase the ability of black aphids, and certain fungal pathogens to grow and/or reproduce on/in the affected foliage.
This appears to be associated with the organisms ability to induce biochemical changes that increase levels of free nitrogenous substances and sugars. The level and degree of chlorosis and area of foliar damage by black pecan aphids was much greater on nonirrigated trees.
Two years of observations on the relative resistance of about 50 cultivars resulted in genotype related differences in susceptibility to leaf scorch.
089 EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCK ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY, AND FRUIT COMPOSITION OF ZINFANDEL GRAPEVINES
Authors: Striegler R.K. , Wineman D.R. 
Published: February 2019

Selected rootstocks were evaluated for four seasons in a Zinfandel vineyard located in the northern San Joaquin Valley of California. The vineyard was drip-irrigated and vineyard spacing was 2.1m × 3.3m (vine × row). A two-wire vertical trellis system was used and row orientation was east to west. Vines were trained to a bilateral cordon and spur-pruned. Rootstocks included in the study were: AxR #1, Freedom, Harmony, Kober 5BB, and Teleki 5C. Vines grafted on AxR #1 rootstock were considered to be the control treatment.
A randomized complete block experimental design was used. There were six blocks and plots consisted of five vines. Data collected included yield, components of yield, fruit composition, bloom petiole nutrient content, shoot number, and pruning weight.
After the initial season, yields were consistently highest for vines grafted on Freedom rootstock, with yields only slightly lower on AxR #1 rootstock. Significantly lower yields were recorded for vines grafted on Kober 5BB and Teleki 5C. Rootstock did not have a consistent effect on fruit composition. Shoots/vine and shoots/meter of canopy were not significantly effected by rootstock. Dormant pruning weight was highest for Freedom and lowest for Kober 5BB.
These results suggest that rootstock selection can influence vineyard productivity in the northern San Joaquin Valley. Continued research is needed to determine long term effects of the rootstocks used in this study.
116 ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY OF EIGHT Fragaria chiloensis GENOTYPES
Authors: Foote Paul W. , Cameron J. Scott , Klauer Stephen F. 
Published: February 2019

Leaf-area based CO2 assimilation rate (ALA as an Indicator of genotypic differences in photosynthetic capacity is questioned on the basis of correlations found between ALA and specific leaf weight and small leaf size. To address this question of photosynthetic apparatus concentration In F. chiloensis genotypes differing significantly in ALA, visual image analysis software was used to quantify a number of leaf anatomy parameters. In 1991 and 1992, after gas exchange measurements in the field, leaf tissue was prepared In cross-sections and leaf clearings for light microscopy. Cross-sections were used to measure internal anatomical parameters and clearings for vein and stomatal densities.
Analysis of variance of 1991\92 measurements showed significant genotypic variation for leaf veination, leaf thickness, palisade cell length, cross-sectional area In mesophyll tissue and internal air space. Differences in stomatal density were observed in 1991. None of the anatomical parameters measured were correlated with ALA. This suggests that the concentration of physical apparatus Is not the major source of variation In ALA among these eight genotypes.
206 HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE AND FORENSIC SCIENCE: THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENTISTS AT CRIME SCENES
Authors: Cameron J. Scott 
Published: February 2019

The criminal justice system is served by many experts who provide special assistance to law enforcement professionals during criminal investigations. One of these specialized areas. forensic botany, has traditionally been an activity of the systematic botanist who identifies plant material associated with a suspect or crime scene. From this Information, suspects can be placed at crime scenes and information such as time of death or movement of victims can be determined. Few plant scientists are involved In this emerging field which has the potential to make contributions similar to those made today by forensic anthropology.
Plant scientists with training In systematic botany, plant anatomy, plant growth and development, and statistics and probability can make significant contributions to criminal investigations. The use of plant identification and plant growth analyses In recent criminal Investigations will be described. The role of horticulture in the future of forensic science and the development of new techniques In forensic plant science will also be discussed.
218 EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND VOLATILE OIL CONTENT OF TAGETES MINUTA L. PLANTS
Authors: Abdalla Nadia M. , Al-Badawy Ahmed A. , Ali Mohamed K. , Al-Azeem Mervat A. Abd 
Published: February 2019

Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta, L.) plants were fertilized with urea, nitrokima and ammonium nitrate at the rates of 0, 25, 50 and 100 kg N/feddan (feddan = 4200 sqm). These fertilizers were added at three batches during the growing season.
The application of nitrogen fertilizers enhanced plant growth in terms of plant height, stem diameter, branch number and the dry weights of leaves, flowers and herb. Also, these fertilizers increased the volatile oil content in the leaves and flowers. The most effective fertilizer was ammonium nitrate especially when the highest rate was applied as it gave 3.87 g/plant compared to 2.28 g/plant for the control plants.
The contents of photosynthetic pigments, reducing and total soluble sugars were increased compared to the control plants.
220 USING A RESEARCH FACILITY FOR AN EXTENSION OUTREACH PROGRAM FESTIVAL OF COLOR
Authors: Steinegger Donald H. 
Published: February 2019

Most of Nebraska's population resides in the urban centers of eastern Nebraska. Traditionally, how ever, the Cooperative Extension Service has catered to the rural populations of the state. Now, it is imperative that the public and the legislative representatives from these urban areas learn that the research and outreach programs of the University also serve them. A Festival of Color was the vehicle for delivering this information to the urban audience, as well as to Agent Educators and Aides, Natural Resource District personnel, and other professionals, including government officials. Both professionals and the general public responded enthusiastically to the Festival's innovative use of the research site.
The educational objective was to answer the public's questions on the environment, including water quality and conservation in the landscape, and reduction of fertilizers and pesticides. Information was presented by Extension Specialists and Assistants, Master Gardeners, Natural Resource- District personnel, Department of Environmental Quality, State Energy Office, and Nebraska Association of Nurserymen.
256 THE EFFECT OF VARYING THE N:S BALANCE IN POINSETTIA ON PLANT COLOR RESPONSE AND CONSUMER APPEAL
Authors: Adams Stacy A. , Paparozzi Ellen T. 
Published: February 2019

Nitrogen and sulfur are macronutrients required by plants to form amino acids used in protein synthesis and other metabolic processes. Commercial poinsettia nutrient recommendations suggest N levels of 350-400 ppm later reduced to 200-250 ppm N. Previous hydroponic research determined that N may be reduced by half if supplied S levels are adequate. The purpose of this study was to look at multiple N and S levels and gauge the effects these combinations had on plant quality.
Poinsettia cv. `Dark Red Hegg' plants, grown in a soilless mix, were fertilized with 56 N and S combinations. N was supplied from 100-275 ppm and S from 0-75 ppm. Plants were evaluated quantitatively by chroma meter readings every three weeks and qualitatively by marketability evaluations from commercial producers, retailers, and consumers.
Results indicate 0 ppm S plant color was more yellow-green than all others. Plants were greener as N increased from 100-150 ppm with no difference above 175 ppm. Evaluators identified plants receiving 0 ppm S and 100 or 125 ppm N as unmarketable. N may be reduced to 175 ppm with no effect on plant quality if adequate S is applied.
418 PB 095 WHOLE FARM CASE STUDIES OF HORTICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN WESTERN OREGON AND WASHINGTON
Authors: Murray Helene , Dick Richard P. , Green-McGrath Daniel , Lev Larry S. 
Published: February 2019

Calls for increased farmer involvement in research and extension programs have been numerous and well supported. One approach to integrate the collective knowledge and experience of scientists and farmers is through whole farm case studies (WFCS). An interdisciplinary team of 34 research and extension personnel at Oregon and Washington State Universities conducted WFCS of 16 vegetable and small fruit farms.
The WFCS process proved useful in developing an interdisciplinary team, and the vast majority of team members stated they would consider using the WFCS approach again; but the primary constraint cited was the amount of time required. Team members gained a better understanding of the complexity of farms and identified areas requiring further research. Farmers stated they enjoyed participating and discovered new information that will assist them in managing their fanning systems. Farmer-developed innovations were identified that are useful to other farmers and to the research process.
551 STUDIES ON SEEDLING PRODUCTION OF ASPARAGUS UNDER DIFFERENT GROWTH CONDITIONS
Authors: Okasha Kh. A. , Gomma H. 
Published: February 2019

This study was carded out on Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) during the two successive seasons of 1987/1988 and 1988/1989 at the Agricultural Experimental Station of National Research Center at Shalakan Kaloubia Governorate The investigation was aimed to study the effect of cultivar, propagation methods and polyethylene mulching on plant growth and performance
The application of plastic mulching caused signficant increases in plant height. number of shoots. number of branches, fern fresh and dry weight and roots an rhizome fresh and dry weight
Covering the soil surface with black and transparent polyethylene enhanced the vegetable growth of asparagus plant significantly as compared with unmulched treatments. Mulching with transparent polyethylene increased soil temperature over black polyethylene mulch and both treatments were higher in soil temperature than the control. Concerning the variation existed among cultivars, UC 157 F1 showed a significant increment in vegetable growth compared with UC 157 F2.
568 PB 009 IMPROVING PROPAGATION AND PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR NATIVE PLANTS
Authors: Englert John M. , Meyer Gwen C. 
Published: February 2019

In recent years the use of native plant materials for conservation and revegetation projects has received increased awareness and interest. The National Plant Materials Center (NPMC), in cooperation with the USDI-National Park Service, is involved in the revegetation of disturbed areas within our National Parks using native herbaceous and woody plants. This involves the collection of germplasm from selected niches within the Parks, an increase in seed and production of transplants, and reestablishment of native communities in natural areas.
One major focus of the program is to develop technology for improving native plant propagation and production, which should make the use of native plants more viable in the commercial sector. Germination of species of Tridens, Dichanthelium, Danthonia, Helianthus, Schizachyrium, and Andropogon has been improved to 80-95% by altering the germination environment. Production of these species in plugs has also been streamlined to maximize space efficiency and provide cost-effective methods for planting native grasses and wildflowers.
574 PB 047 STABILITY OF A VARIANT LEAF TYPE OF `THORNLESS EVERGREEN' BLACKBERRY FOLLOWING A REGENERATION CYCLE IN VITRO
Authors: Norton Margaret A. , Skirvin Robert M. 
Published: February 2019

Rubus laciniatus Willd. `Thornless Evergreen' (TE) is a chimeral blackberry with a thornless epidermis that overlies a genetically thorny interior. Most canes of TE produce leaves with 5 finely cut (lacinate) leaflets. Occasionally, canes appear which produce leaves with entire leaflets. Genetically pure thornless plants were regenerated from epidermal cells of chimeral TE with lacinate leaves. These regenerants exhibited somaclonal variation for growth habit, degree of thornlessness, and fruitfulness. All had lacinate leaves. When moved to the field, some of these regenerants produced canes with entire leaflets.
To examine the stability of the entire leaflet characteristic, plants were regenerated from lacinate leaves and entire leaves of both dwarf and normal pure thornless TE regenerants. Regenerants were rooted, moved to soil, and grown in the greenhouse for observation. Stability of this characteristic will be discussed.
594 PB 170 MANGIFERA PAJANG - PROSPECT FOR COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION AND MANGO IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Tinggal Serudin , Tee Thean S. 
Published: February 2019

Magifera panjang Kostermans, indigenous to Brunei is widely adapted to lowland and hilly areas. The vigorous tree grows tall (30 - 40 metres high). Grafting on M. indica stock or own stock has dwarfing effect and shortens juvenile stage to stimulate fruit production within 5-6 years. The obicular fruits are large with tough brown skin. The thick golden yellow flesh is juicy, pleasant to eat, having aromatic fragrance. Some cultivars are less fibrous. The fruit has wide traditional usage and demand is seemingly unsatisfiable.
Mangifera pajang is quite tolerant to various diseases affecting mangoes. Insect pests do not appear to damage the trunk or the fruits.. The blossoms on stout and erect flowering spikes attract a host of pollinators. Anthracnose problem is unknown even in the wet season. These features are useful for possible transfer to the more susceptible M. indica cultivars.
623 PB 445 ALTERNATIVES TO METHYL BROMIDE FUMIGATION IN TOMATO PRODUCTION
Authors: Barbour Sandra L. , Brock Kathy H. , Fortnum B.A. , Decoreau Dennis R. 
Published: February 2019

Pest control-related problems jeopardize the advancement of our nation's vegetable industry. Because of the adverse effects of many fumigants. the grower is increasingly pressured to utilize sustainable. environmentally sound agricultural practices yet still maintain a marketable, blemish-free product.
The effects of wavelength selective mulches and three different fumigants on overall plant development and nematode control were studied in field grown, staked tomatoes. Plots were fumigated with methyl bromide. Telone II, or Telone C17. Within rows, mulch color was established by application of either white or red exterior enamel paint to the black plastic surface of polyethylene mulch. Reflective light from each mulch color was measured using a LiCor 1800 Spectroradiometer. Temperature below the mulch surface was monitored with a datalogger.
Prior to the first marketable harvest, plants grown on white mulch produced greater fruit weight and total dry weight than plants grown on black or red mulch. Total marketable yields, however. were not significantly different between the three mulches. Early and marketable yields from fumigated plots did not differ from control treatments. The lack of response due to fumigation may have been due to low initial nematode populations in the field.
806 PB 118 CHARACTERIZATION OF BERRY CUTICLE AND EPICUTICULAR WAX OF GRAPE CULTIVARS
Authors: Hellman Edward W. , Raines Laurel 
Published: February 2019

The cuticle and epicuticular wax layer of grape berries provides a first line of defense against fungal pathogens. A relatively thick cuticle and wax layer may result in enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea Pers. The structure of epicuticular wax also has been postulated to play a role in Botryris resistance.
To examine the role of cuticle and wax in disease resistance, berries of diverse grape cultivars were sampled to quantify the cuticle and wax layers. Wax surface structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Significant differences among cultivars were found for both cuticle and wax measurements. Environmental conditions may influence development of these layers, some cultivars had significantly greater cuticle and wax layers in berries that developed in full sunlight. Visual differences in surface wax appearance were apparent among cultivars. Size, density and orientation of wax platelets varied among cultivars.
904 PB 523 THE IMPACT OF THAW RATE AND POST-THAW LIGHT INTENSITY ON FREEZE-THAW INJURY IN POTATO SPECIES
Authors: Weiss Laurie S. , Palta Jiwan P. 
Published: February 2019

At the University of Wisconsin Biotron facility potted plants of S. tuberosum were frozen slowly (cooling rate of 1°C/h) to -2°C. Following thaw, plants were subjected to either high light (400 umol m-2s-1) or low light (100 umol m-2 s-1). High light caused greater damage which appeared as bleaching of the upper leaves in 2 days following thaw. In another study excised paired leaflet halves of S. tuberosum and S. commersonii were subjected to damaging but sublethal freezing temperatures and thawed either fast (on ice) or slowly (1°C/h). Membrane damage (% ion leakage) was about 2x higher at fast thaw as compared to slow thaw in both cold acclimated and non acclimated tissue. There was greater photosynthetic impairment at slow thaw rate than fast in the non acclimated state, but following acclimation fast thaw was more damaging to photosynthetic function. Respiration in general was less sensitive to freeze-thaw stress as compared to photosynthesis and cell membranes.
Our results show that we could benefit from taking into consideration thaw rate and post-thaw light intensity in developing frost protection plans.
1043 PROBLEMS IN DETERMINING SEED VIGOR IN COMMERCIAL FLOWER LOTS
Authors: Conrad Robert 
Published: February 2019

Repetitive testing of Impatiens Wallerana seed by the producer, the flower seed broker, and a commercial greenhouse operator, has led to agreement of final germination percentages but no agreement in vigor rating of these lots.
The results of this testing as well as a discussion of the requirements of commercial flower seed growers will be presented.
1051 THE FUTURE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY: HOW WIDE, HOW FAST, HOW ACCESSIBLE?
Authors: Ng Timothy J 
Published: February 2019

The National Information Infrastructure (NII) initiative, more commonly known as the “information superhighway,” is intended to provide high-speed electronic access to a variety of voice, data, video, and other information services by the year 2000. Initial access to the superhighway will be prioritized for classrooms, libraries, hospitals and clinics. Eventually NII will provide for widespread and open availability of telecommunication and information services to everyone.
Access to NII will be provided via electronic networks, telephone companies and cable operators. Many of the features proposed by NII are currently available in a developmental stage to horticulturists. The accessibility and future evolution of these services--which include those available via Internet (e.g., electronic messaging, data and information services, document delivery) and via telephone and cable companies (e.g. video/audio “on demand,” real-time polydirectional compressed video) --will be discussed.
YIELD DIFFERENCES AND DNA POLYMORPHISMS WITHIN SWEETPOTATO cv. `JEWEL' CLONES
Authors: Villordon Arthur Q. , LaBonte Don R. 
Published: February 2019

Clonal propagation assures the maintenance of genetic purity of a sweetpotato variety. The existence of foundation seed programs further contributes to the conservation of favorable genetic constitution in a commercial cultivar. However, the improvement of current maintenance procedures is necessary as shown by the occurrence of mutations and the decline of certain commercial varieties. Information on the nature and extent of changes in sweetpotato would therefore be useful in this regard.
`Jewel' clones obtained from eight state foundation seed programs were subjected to yield tests and a RAPD-based assay. Differences in nearly all yield grades were detected during the 1991, 1992, and 1993 seasons. The yield of U.S. No. 1 grade roots varied from 27% to 46%. The quality factors measured also varied: % alcohol insoluble solids varied by 13%, while sucrose ranged from 9.6% to 19%. Total DNA was extracted from each clone and assayed against 40 primers. All primers produced amplified fragments. A total of 110 reproducible bands was generated by 38 primers. Putative polymorphic markers were scored in 21 (18.58%) of these bands based on the presence or absence of amplified products. The results suggest an underlying cause for the variability observed in phenotypic traits within sweetpotato clones.