bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le DPO et le secteur de la communication
Authors: Alix Pascal 
Published: June 2018

Le correspondant informatique et libertés (CIL), dont la désignation est aujourd’hui facultative – hormis dans le cas où l’organisme souhaite obtenir le label « gouvernance » de la CNIL, est un acteur important de la conformité en matière de protection des données à caractère personnel, notamment au sein des grands organismes. L’actuel CIL a la possibilité de « faire toute recommandation au responsable des traitements » et de sensibiliser l’encadrement et l’ensemble des salariés sur la protection des données au sein de leur organisme. Avec l’entrée en vigueur du RGPD, le Data protection officer (DPO) va succéder, dans certains cas, à l’actuel CIL. Mais ses missions et son rôle sont, en raison de l’évolution de la conformité au sein des organismes, différents et plus étendus que ceux de l’actuel CIL. Pour autant, cette contribution revient sur le rôle spécifique du DPO dans le cadre des entreprises de communication afin de montrer à quel point son action sera déterminante lorsqu’il s’agira de mettre en œuvre des actions de marketing, d’encadrer et de communiquer sur le traitement et la protection des données. Dans certains cas, le CIL pourrait se maintenir et compléter son action afin de concilier au mieux le respect de la liberté d’expression au regard de la protection des données personnelles.
Usage silencieux du téléphone portable et interactions quotidiennes
Authors: Zamit Fredj 
Published: June 2018

L’article de Fredj Zamit étudie l’usage silencieux du téléphone portable au regard de la communication interpersonnelle non-distante. L’auteur essaie de montrer comment l’usage en question engendre des mutations dans les interactions quotidiennes entre des personnes partageant les mêmes lieux publics.Le téléphone portable représente un espace de fuite et favorise l’enfermement de l’utilisateur par rapport à son environnement. L’individu établit une interaction conviviale avec son appareil au détriment de la communication non-verbale (gestuelle, posturale, faciale etc.) avec l’Autre.Mais faut-il considérer comme un mal a priori le fait que les porteurs de téléphone cherchent à éviter le contact, à s’afficher ostensiblement comme isolé, en communication avec un autre distant ou bien simplement en train de jouer ?La lecture dans le métro n’a-t-elle pas d’abord ce but, ce que personne ne critique. Ce comportement peut également être interprété comme la recherche d’un substitut qui vient combler l’absence d’un interlocuteur réel.
Dual Roles for Ikaros in Regulation of Macrophage Chromatin State and Inflammatory Gene Expression
Authors: Oh Kyu-Seon , Gottschalk Rachel A. , Lounsbury Nicolas W. , Sun Jing , Dorrington Michael G. , Baek Songjoon , Sun Guangping , Wang Ze , Krauss Kathleen S. , Milner Joshua D. , Dutta Bhaskar , Hager Gordon L. , Sung Myong-Hee , Fraser Iain D. C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Macrophage activation by bacterial LPS leads to induction of a complex inflammatory gene program dependent on numerous transcription factor families. The transcription factor Ikaros has been shown to play a critical role in lymphoid cell development and differentiation; however, its function in myeloid cells and innate immune responses is less appreciated. Using comprehensive genomic analysis of Ikaros-dependent transcription, DNA binding, and chromatin accessibility, we describe unexpected dual repressor and activator functions for Ikaros in the LPS response of murine macrophages. Consistent with the described function of Ikaros as transcriptional repressor, Ikzf1−/− macrophages showed enhanced induction for select responses. In contrast, we observed a dramatic defect in expression of many delayed LPS response genes, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses support a key role for Ikaros in sustained NF-κB chromatin binding. Decreased Ikaros expression in Ikzf1+/− mice and human cells dampens these Ikaros-enhanced inflammatory responses, highlighting the importance of quantitative control of Ikaros protein level for its activator function. In the absence of Ikaros, a constitutively open chromatin state was coincident with dysregulation of LPS-induced chromatin remodeling, gene expression, and cytokine responses. Together, our data suggest a central role for Ikaros in coordinating the complex macrophage transcriptional program in response to pathogen challenge.
Espacios alternativos de libertad durante la Transición. Breve historia de las radios libres en España (1976-1983)
Authors: García-Gil Samuel , Gómez García Salvador , Reguero Sanz Itziar 
Published: June 2018

Este trabajo expone la importancia y singularidad del movimiento de las radios libres en España durante la Transición Española. Se pretende definir qué es una radio libre y cómo fue su evolución y desarrollo desde sus inicios en 1976 hasta 1983 a través de las emisoras más representativas. Metodología. Se han consultado fuentes bibliográficas y hemerográficas (El País, ABC y La Vanguardia), así como documentos y publicaciones vinculadas al movimiento de radios libres. También se han realizado entrevistas a fundadores de emisoras libres históricas. Resultados y conclusiones. Las radios libres fueron un fenómeno comunicativo heterogéneo y paralelo a los medios convencionales: eran participativas, reivindicativas y sin ánimo de lucro, entre otras cualidades. Se ofrece un censo de todas las emisoras que operaron en estos años destacando las iniciativas pioneras de Cataluña, País Vasco, Navarra y Madrid.
Airborne observations of newly formed boundary layer aerosol particles under cloudy conditions
Authors: Altstädter Barbara , Platis Andreas , Jähn Michael , Baars Holger , Lückerath Janine , Held Andreas , Lampert Astrid , Bange Jens , Hermann Markus , Wehner Birgit 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This study describes the appearance of ultrafine boundary layer aerosol
particles under classical “non-favourable” conditions at the research
site of TROPOS (Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research). Airborne
measurements of meteorological and aerosol properties of the atmospheric
boundary layer (ABL) were repeatedly performed with the unmanned aerial
system ALADINA (Application of Light-weight Aircraft for Detecting IN-situ
Aerosol) during three seasons between October 2013 and July 2015. More than
100 measurement flights were conducted on 23 different days with a total
flight duration of 53 h. In 26 % of the cases, maxima of ultrafine
particles were observed close to the inversion layer at altitudes between 400 and
600 m and the particles were rapidly mixed vertically and mainly transported
downwards during short time intervals of cloud gaps. This study focuses on
two measurement days affected by low-level stratocumulus clouds, but
different wind directions (NE, SW) and minimal concentrations
(< 4.6 µg m−3) of SO2, as a common indicator for
precursor gases at ground. Taken from vertical profiles, the onset of clouds
led to a non-linearity of humidity that resulted in an increased turbulence
at the local-scale and caused fast nucleation
(e.g. Bigg, 1997; Wehner et al., 2010), but in relation to rapid dilution of
surrounding air, seen in sporadic clusters of ground data, so that ultrafine
particles disappeared in the verticality. The typical “banana shape”
(Heintzenberg et al., 2007) of new particle formation (NPF) and growth was not
seen at ground and thus these days might not have been classified as NPF
event days by pure surface studies.
Statistical analysis of the correlation between the equatorial electrojet and the occurrence of the equatorial ionisation anomaly over the East African sector
Authors: Mungufeni Patrick , Habarulema John Bosco , Migoya-Orué Yenca , Jurua Edward 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This study presents statistical quantification of the correlation between
the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) and the occurrence of the equatorial ionisation
anomaly (EIA) over the East African sector. The data used were for quiet
geomagnetic conditions (Kp ≤ 3) during the period 2011–2013. The
horizontal components, H, of geomagnetic fields measured by magnetometers
located at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (dip lat. ∼1∘ N), and Adigrat,
Ethiopia (dip lat. ∼6∘ N), were used to determine the EEJ
using differential techniques. The total electron content (TEC) derived from Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals using 19 receivers located along
the 30–40∘ longitude sector was used to determine the EIA
strengths over the region. This was done by determining the ratio of TEC over
the crest to that over the trough, denoted as the CT : TEC ratio. This technique
necessitated characterisation of the morphology of the EIA over the region. We
found that the trough lies slightly south of the magnetic equator
(0–4∘ S). This slight southward shift of the EIA trough
might be due to the fact that over the East African region, the general
centre of the EEJ is also shifted slightly south of the magnetic equator. For the
first time over the East African sector, we determined a threshold daytime
EEJ strength of ∼ 40 nT that is mostly associated with prominent EIA
occurrence during a high solar activity period. The study also revealed that
there is a positive correlation between daytime EEJ and EIA strengths, with a
strong positive correlation occurring during the period 13:00–15:00 LT. Keywords. Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere)
Hazards of decreasing marine oxygen: the near-term and millennial-scale benefits of meeting the Paris climate targets
Authors: Battaglia Gianna , Joos Fortunat 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Ocean deoxygenation is recognized as key ecosystem stressor of the future
ocean and associated climate-related ocean risks are relevant for current policy
decisions. In particular, benefits of reaching the ambitious
1.5 ∘C warming target mentioned by the Paris Agreement compared to
higher temperature targets are of high interest. Here, we model oceanic
oxygen, warming and their compound hazard in terms of metabolic conditions
on multi-millennial timescales for a range of equilibrium temperature
targets. Scenarios where radiative forcing is stabilized by 2300 are used
in ensemble simulations with the Bern3D Earth System Model of Intermediate
Complexity. Transiently, the global mean ocean oxygen concentration decreases
by a few percent under low forcing and by 40 % under high forcing. Deoxygenation
peaks about a thousand years after stabilization of radiative forcing and new
steady-state conditions are established after AD 8000 in our model. Hypoxic waters
expand over the next millennium and recovery is slow and remains incomplete
under high forcing. Largest transient decreases in oxygen are projected for
the deep sea. Distinct and near-linear relationships between the
equilibrium temperature response and marine O2 loss emerge. These point to
the effectiveness of the Paris climate target in reducing marine hazards and
risks. Mitigation measures are projected to reduce peak decreases in oceanic
oxygen inventory by 4.4 % ∘C−1 of avoided equilibrium warming.
In the upper ocean, the decline of a metabolic index, quantified by the ratio
of O2 supply to an organism's O2 demand, is reduced by
6.2 % ∘C−1 of avoided equilibrium warming. Definitions of peak
hypoxia demonstrate strong sensitivity to additional warming. Volumes of water
with less than 50 mmol O2 m−3, for instance, increase between
36 % and 76 % ∘C−1 of equilibrium temperature response. Our results
show that millennial-scale responses should be considered in assessments of
ocean deoxygenation and associated climate-related ocean risks. Peak hazards
occur long after stabilization of radiative forcing and new steady-state
conditions establish after AD 8000.
On the appropriate definition of soil profile configuration and initial conditions for land surface–hydrology models in cold regions
Authors: Sapriza-Azuri Gonzalo , Gamazo Pablo , Razavi Saman , Wheater Howard S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Arctic and subarctic regions are amongst the most
susceptible regions on Earth to global warming and climate change.
Understanding and predicting the impact of climate change in these regions
require a proper process representation of the interactions between climate,
carbon cycle, and hydrology in Earth system models. This study focuses on
land surface models (LSMs) that represent the lower boundary condition of
general circulation models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs), which
simulate climate change evolution at the global and regional scales,
respectively. LSMs typically utilize a standard soil configuration with a
depth of no more than 4 m, whereas for cold, permafrost regions, field
experiments show that attention to deep soil profiles is needed to
understand and close the water and energy balances, which are tightly
coupled through the phase change. To address this gap, we design and run a
series of model experiments with a one-dimensional LSM, called CLASS
(Canadian Land Surface Scheme), as embedded in the MESH (Modélisation
Environmentale Communautaire – Surface and Hydrology) modelling system, to
(1) characterize the effect of soil profile depth under different climate
conditions and in the presence of parameter uncertainty; (2) assess the
effect of including or excluding the geothermal flux in the LSM at the
bottom of the soil column; and (3) develop a methodology for temperature
profile initialization in permafrost regions, where the system has an
extended memory, by the use of paleo-records and bootstrapping. Our study
area is in Norman Wells, Northwest Territories of Canada, where measurements
of soil temperature profiles and historical reconstructed climate data are
available. Our results demonstrate a dominant role for parameter
uncertainty, that is often neglected in LSMs. Considering such high
sensitivity to parameter values and dependency on the climate condition, we
show that a minimum depth of 20 m is essential to adequately represent
the temperature dynamics. We further show that our proposed initialization
procedure is effective and robust to uncertainty in paleo-climate
reconstructions and that more than 300 years of reconstructed climate time
series are needed for proper model initialization.
On the relationship between atmospheric rivers, weather types and floods in Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: Eiras-Barca Jorge , Lorenzo Nieves , Taboada Juan , Robles Alba , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) – long and narrow structures of
anomalously high water vapor flux located in the warm sector of extratropical
cyclones – have been shown to be closely related to extreme
precipitation and flooding. In this paper we analyze the connection
between ARs and flooding in the northwestern Spanish region of
Galicia under a variety of synoptic conditions represented by the
so-called “weather types”, a classification of daily sea-level pressure
patterns obtained by means of a simple scheme that adopts the subjective
procedure of Lamb. Flood events are identified from official reports
conducted by the Spanish emergency management agency (Protección Civil) from 1979 to 2010. Our
results suggest that, although most flood events in Galicia do not coincide
with the presence of an overhead AR, ARs are present in the
majority of severe cases, particularly in coastal areas. Flood events
associated with ARs are connected to cyclonic weather types with
westerly and southwesterly flows, which occur mostly
in winter months. The link between ARs and severe flooding is not very
apparent in inland areas or during summer months, in which case heavy
precipitation is usually not frontal in nature but rather
convective. Nevertheless, our results show that, in general, the amount of
precipitation in flood events in Galicia more than doubles when an AR is present.
On Life and Value within Objectivist Ethics
Authors: Touchstone Kathleen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article considers the meanings of “life” within Objectivist ethics. It distinguishes between life lived moment to moment (a flow concept) and life-as-a-whole (a stock concept). It examines life's finality as related to life being the ultimate value. It questions whether one “lives to consume” or “consumes to live” from a desert island perspective. It discusses what one's whole life entails within the context of decision making. It looks at decisions between competing values. Finally, it discusses the distinction between ethical and ethically neutral actions and suggests ways in which inquiries regarding these may be approached.
Egoism and Others
Authors: Jetton Merlin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Ayn Rand was a strong and influential advocate of self-interest, of ethical egoism. What does her version of egoism mean in practical terms pertaining to interactions with other people generally other than not violating their rights and not committing fraud? This article explores that question with special attention to trust and cooperation. Ayn Rand said little about trust and cooperation in her ethics, but these are important aspects of living a productive life.
Not Enough Primary Categories in Peikoff's DIM? Salutary Eclecticism and an ACID Test
Authors: Bissell Roger E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The author reprises his review of The DIM Hypothesis by arguing for an expansion and revision of Leonard Peikoff's model to include not three, but four primary positions regarding integration (aka “DIM modes”): Integration, Disintegration, Abstract Misintegration, and Concrete Misintegration—and to include not just two mixtures of those primary positions, but twelve. He offers it as a work in progress and a remedy to the over-restrictiveness and resulting misrepresentations of various philosophers by Peikoff's version of the model.
Dynamic displacement analysis of reinforced concrete deep beams made of high strength concrete.
Part II: Dynamic displacement analysis of reinforced concrete deep beams made of high strength C200 grade concrete
Authors: Cichorski Waldemar 
Published: June 2018

The dynamic load displacements were analysed of rectangular concrete deep beams made of very high strength concrete, grade C200, including an evaluation of the physical non-linearity of the construction materials: concrete and reinforcing steel. The analysis was conducted using the method presented in [1]. The numerical calculation results are presented with particular reference to the displacement state of rectangular concrete deep beams. A comparative analysis was conducted on the effect of the high-strength concrete and the steel of increased strength on a class C200 concrete deep beam versus the results produced in [10] for a class C100 concrete deep beam.
Keywords: mechanics of structures, reinforced concrete structures, deep beams, dynamic load, physical non-linearity
A general theoretical formulation of deformation of steel structures exposed to fire
Authors: Badowski Andrzej , Dornowski Wojciech 
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a proposal for the formulation of a mathematical model of a fire resistance testing process for steel beams subject to bending, carried out experimentally in a test furnace. The model for the formulation was created with a balance method by describing with the fundamental laws of thermomechanics the phenomena occurring during the experiment analysed for the formulation. The viscoplastic behave our of steel at high temperatures was described with constitutive relationships proposed by Perzyna (which form the so-called “overload model”). The general mathematical model of the experiment analysed, obtained in the form of a system of differential equations, is discussed. The authors considered the impact of known physical properties of the test material and the impact of the results of the observations made during the research on the behaviour of individual terms of the model’s equations. Based on these considerations, simplifications were proposed which optimized the mathematical description and facilitated its adaptation to a special case. As a result of the investigation, a system of equation was obtained which described the processes present during the fire resistance test. It is postulated here to accept the system of equations as the mathematical model.
Keywords: thermomechanical analysis, fire resistance test, viscoplastic constitutive laws, Perzyna model
Detection of Peanut Allergen Ara h 6 in Commercially Processed Foods using a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube–Based Biosensor
Authors: Sobhan Abdus , Oh Jun-Hyun , Park Mi-Kyung , Lee Jinyoung 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background: The peanut protein Arachis hypogaea (Ara h) 6 is one of the most serious food allergens that contributes to food-related, life-threatening problems worldwide. The extremely low allergic dose demands for more selective and rapid methods for detecting Ara h 6. Objective: The goal of this study was to develop a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based biosensor for the rapid detection of Ara h 6 in commercial food products. Methods: The detection principle of this biosensor was based on the binding of Ara h 6 to the anti-Ara h 6 antibody (pAb) through 1-pyrenibutanoic acid succinimidyl ester. The resistance difference (ΔR) was calculated via linear sweep voltammetry using a potentiostat. Results: The ΔR increased as the Ara h 6 concentrations increased above the range of 100–107 pg/L. A specificity analysis showed that the anti-Ara h 6 pAb selectively interacted with Ara h 6 molecules in the buffer solution (pH 7.4). Conclusions: This research proposes that an SWCNT-based biosensor in self-assembly with antibodies could be an effective tool for the rapid detection of allergen proteins in food. Highlights: The developed biosensor exhibited higher sensitivity and selectivity. Application studies resulted in precise Ara h 6 detection in peanut-containing processed food.
Analyses of Aloe Polysaccharides Using Carbohydrate Microarray Profiling
Authors: Ahl Louise I , Grace Olwen M , Pedersen Henriette L , Willats William G T , Jørgensen Bodil , Rønsted Nina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background: As the popularity of Aloe vera extracts continues to rise, a desire to fully understand the individual polymer components of the leaf mesophyll, their relation to one another, and the effects they have on the human body are increasing. Polysaccharides present in the leaf mesophyll have been identified as the components responsible for the biological activities of A. vera, and they have been widely studied in the past decades. However, the commonly used methods do not provide the desired platform to conduct large comparative studies of polysaccharide compositions, as most of them require a complete or near-complete fractionation of the polymers. Objective: The objective for this study was to assess whether carbohydrate microarrays could be used for the high-throughput analysis of cell wall polysaccharides in aloe leaf mesophyll. Methods: The method we chose is known as comprehensive microarray polymer profiling (CoMPP) and combines the high-throughput capacity of microarray technology with the specificity of molecular probes. Results: Preliminary findings showed that CoMPP can successfully be used for high-throughput screening of aloe leaf mesophyll tissue. Seventeen species of Aloe and closely related genera were analyzed, and a clear difference in the polysaccharide compositions of the mesophyll tissues was seen. Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that the polysaccharides vary between species and that true species of Aloe may differ from segregate genera.