bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents, neurosciences et prise de décisions médicales : devrions-nous revoir certaines dispositions du Code civil du Québec?
Authors: Brabant Brigitte 
Published: April 2018

Au Québec, le mineur de 14 ans et plus peut consentir seul aux soins médicaux requis par son état de santé, sauf exception. Or, les données provenant des neurosciences indiquent que : 1) l’acquisition de la « maturité cérébrale » est un processus continu, pouvant durer jusqu’à la mi-vingtaine, et que 2) certaines habiletés décisionnelles de l’adolescent, comme l’évaluation des risques et bénéfices à court et à long terme, seraient différentes de celles des adultes, surtout dans les situations émotivement chargées. Nous soumettons que, dans une perspective de protection de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant, la réalité neurophysiologique de l’adolescent devrait être prise en compte en contexte de soins de santé. Ainsi, nous questionnons le caractère adéquat de la présomption de capacité d’exercer un jugement de façon autonome dès l’âge de 14 ans et soulignons l’aspect paradoxal de la possibilité d’une intervention judiciaire en cas de refus de traitement. Nous questionnons également la pertinence de considérations d’âge dans le cadre de la relation entre le médecin et son patient, dès lors que la détermination de la capacité décisionnelle est une composante essentielle de l’obtention d’un consentement libre et éclairé. Enfin, nous questionnons l’exclusion des parents du processus décisionnel, à la fois en regard de leur responsabilité parentale et des bénéfices que peuvent représenter leurs conseils pour l’adolescent. Par conséquent, nous soumettons qu’une évaluation du bien-fondé de l’octroi d’un pouvoir décisionnel à l’adolescent de 14 ans et plus serait souhaitable et qu’un régime uniformisé tout au long de la minorité, avec de possibles exceptions, reflèterait mieux les connaissances scientifiques actuelles.
Une politique concernant les données issues d’un programme de recherches interventionnelles en santé mondiale
Authors: Ridde Valéry , Hunt Matthew , Dagenais Christian , Agier Isabelle , Nikiema Aude , Chiocchio François , Bonnet Emmanuel , Somé Paul-André 
Published: April 2018

La recherche interventionnelle en santé mondiale est souvent effectuée au moyen de partenariats scientifiques internationaux. Mais la réalisation de telles recherches, notamment dans les pays à faible revenu où les enjeux de pouvoir, d’argent et de relations interculturelles sont exacerbés, soulève de nombreux défis éthiques, notamment concernant la conduite responsable lors des recherches collaboratives. L’un d’eux est la conservation, l’accès, l’utilisation et la publication des données. Malgré l’existence de multiples politiques et documents phares sur l’éthique et la conduite responsable de la recherche, les chercheurs en recherche interventionnelle sont encore peu outillés pour faire face à ce défi. Dans le contexte d’un programme de recherches interventionnelles réalisées au Burkina Faso, les auteurs souhaitent partager leur expérience dans le développement d’une politique interne concernant leurs données. Après avoir évoqué le contexte global et particulier, l’article présente le processus de formulation et d’adoption de cette politique par les chercheurs d’une équipe interdisciplinaire et internationale (Allemagne, Burkina Faso, Canada, France). Les valeurs qui enchâssent cette politique interne sont la transparence, la prévention, le consensus autour du processus de production, le respect des principes internationaux, l’accès libre aux connaissances produites et la préoccupation pour leur diffusion et utilisation. La politique se présente en plusieurs parties : objet, types et statuts des chercheurs impliqués, conservation des données, accès et utilisation des données, production scientifique et paternité. Les principaux défis rencontrés par les chercheurs pour formuler cette politique sont analysés dans un souci de partage pour susciter un débat rarement abordé. La confiance, la transparence et le respect mutuel doivent être au coeur de tout partenariat scientifique en recherche interventionnelle.
« Médecine à deux vitesses à la manière de SUCCESs » ou « Deux poids deux mesures ou Quod licet Iovi, non licet bovi c’est-à-dire : “ce qui est permis à Jupiter ne l’est pas aux vaches” »
Authors: Turcot Karine 
Published: April 2018

Collage, dessin (papier japonais, papier, verre et bois)
60 x 45 cm, dimensions variées
Inflammation is a key risk factor for persistent seizures in neurocysticercosis
Authors: Herrick Jesica A. , Maharathi Biswajit , Kim Jin Suh , Abundis Gerardo G. , Garg Anjali , Gonzales Isidro , Saavedra Herbert , Bustos Javier A. , Garcia Hector H. , Loeb Jeffrey A. ,   the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted a retrospective, case–control study of neurocysticercosis patients to ascertain early markers that identify subjects likely to develop treatment‐resistant seizures.MethodsClinical histories and imaging studies from 38 neurocysticercosis patients who had been followed for 18 months after treatment were evaluated. Both pairwise and multifactorial analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with continued seizures.ResultsEleven of 38 patients continued to have seizures during the follow‐up period. On univariate analysis, the number of neurocysticercosis lesions, number of bands on the baseline neurocysticercosis western blot, edema volumes on follow‐up MRI scans, edema volume changes between baseline and follow‐up images, and proportion of calcified lesions with perilesional edema were all significantly increased in subjects who had persistent seizures during the 18‐month follow‐up period. On multivariate analyses using recursive partition and random forest algorithms, variables associated with persistent seizures included: the number of total and calcified lesions, presence of perilesional edema, the rate of change in the lesion and edema volumes from baseline to follow‐up, and the number of bands on the neurocysticercosis western blot.InterpretationMeasures of both inflammation and disease burden are key risk factors for persistent seizures despite anticonvulsant treatments in patients with neurocysticercosis. Inflammation is therefore a potentially modifiable risk factor for the frequently seen severe seizure disorders in patients with neurocysticercosis.
Ultrahigh Room‐Temperature Photoluminescence from Few to Single Quintuple Layer Bi2Te3 Nanosheets
Authors: Hussain Naveed , Zhang Qingyun , Lang Jialiang , Zhang Ruoyu , Muhammad Murtaza , Huang Kai , Cosseron De Villenoisy Thibault , Ya Huang , Karim Altaf , Wu Hui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOwing to its narrow indirect bandgap, bulk bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) exhibits exceptionally low room‐temperature photoluminescence (PL). Consequently, it remains challenging to achieve promising optical and optoelectronic performance from Bi2Te3. Moreover, due to the lack of plasmonic materials and available modulation methods, it is challenging to effectively control the surface plasmon resonance intensities in the visible region. Herein, thickness‐dependent photoluminescence studies unveil ultrahigh (282‐fold) room‐temperature photoluminescence (visible) from 20 quintuple layer Bi2Te3 nanosheets (NSs) compared to 200 quintuple layer NSs, attributable to a significant bandgap opening. Intriguingly, considerable photoluminescence quenching is observed beyond the thickness of 20 quintuple layer Bi2Te3. The PL emission is further optimized with reference to the number of quintuple layers, and the mechanism possibly responsible for such PL behavior is elucidated. Moreover, the thickness modulation is put forward as an effective strategy to control visible surface plasmon resonance energy modes and their intensities. Bi2Te3 nanosheets with large area and high crystallinity are fabricated on various silicon substrates by a facile hot‐pressing strategy, which facilitates investigation of intrinsic properties of 2D Bi2Te3. It is believed that these findings hold paramount importance in understanding the optical response of Bi2Te3 toward nanoscale variations and help build next‐generation transparent and flexible optoelectronic/plasmonic devices.
Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Structure from Melamine‐Assisted Polyimide Sheets for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Lee Seokhee , Kim Gunhwi , Kim Jinyoung , Kim Dongjun , Lee Daero , Han Haksoo , Kim Jiwon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNitrogen‐doped porous carbon derived from various polymer precursors receives great attention for applications in supercapacitor electrodes due to its high specific area and fast ion transportation within the electrodes. The porous structure with high content of nitrogen atoms enhances the wettability and accelerates the diffusion of ions inside free‐standing electrodes. These electrodes are fabricated by carbonization of nitrogen‐rich carbon precursors such as polyimide and polyaniline. However, the porous structure and the high degree of nitrogen doping within electrodes are hard to maintain during the carbonization process. Herein, it is demonstrated that a new synthetic approach—nonsolvent‐induced phase separation method—can prepare melamine‐assisted polyimide sheet followed by carbonization process as nitrogen‐rich supercapacitor electrodes with high porosity. A symmetric supercapacitor composed of the above‐mentioned free‐standing electrodes exhibits a specific capacitance of 176 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 (rate capability of 152 A g−1 at 5 A g−1) and long lifetime over 10 000 cycles with 99.2% capacitance retention. Also, the supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 6.3 W h kg−1 and power density of 1.25 kW kg−1. In conclusion the nitrogen‐doped porous carbon sheet improves the energy density of a supercapacitor in comparison to electrodes prepared by conventional methods.
Economic and demographic predictors of dietary variation and nutritional indicators in Nicaragua
Authors: Cooper Catherine G. , Burns Jessica L. , Koster Jeremy M. , Perri Angela R. , Richards Michael P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe measured carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios in a contemporary population, and tested how the isotopic variability relates to measures of socioeconomic status (e.g., household wealth) and anthropometric measures (e.g., standardized height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐age z‐scores).MethodsHair samples from individuals living in the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve in Nicaragua were analyzed for δ13C and δ15N, and these data were examined in relation to individual (e.g., age, sex, anthropometrics) and household (e.g., household size, wealth) variables.ResultsWe found through mixed‐effects modeling that δ13C and δ15N varied predictably with individual age and household wealth. δ13C and δ15N did not, however, improve models predicting variation in individual anthropometric measures.ConclusionThese results indicate that, although there is a relationship between diet (δ13C and δ15N) and socioeconomic variables, these dietary differences are not the main cause of health differences in this population.
Miniaturized Biosensors to Preserve and Monitor Cultural Heritage: from Medical to Conservation Diagnosis
Authors: Sciutto Giorgia , Zangheri Martina , Anfossi Laura , Guardigli Massimo , Prati Silvia , Mirasoli Mara , Di Nardo Fabio , Baggiani Claudio , Mazzeo Rocco , Roda Aldo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe point‐of‐care testing concept has been exploited to design and develop portable and cheap bioanalytical systems that can be used on‐site by conservators. These systems employ lateral flow immunoassays to simultaneously detect two proteins (ovalbumin and collagen) in artworks. For an in‐depth study on the application of these portable biosensors, both chemiluminescent and colorimetric detections were developed and compared in terms of sensitivity and feasibility. The chemiluminescent system displayed the best analytical performance (that is, two orders of magnitude lower limits of detection than the colorimetric system). To simplify its use, a disposable cartridge was designed ad hoc for this specific application. These results highlight the enormous potential of these inexpensive, easy‐to‐use, and minimally invasive diagnostic tools for conservators in the cultural heritage field.
Tunable and Photoswitchable Chemically Induced Dimerization for Chemo‐optogenetic Control of Protein and Organelle Positioning
Authors: Chen Xi , Wu Yao‐Wen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe spatiotemporal dynamics of proteins and organelles play an important role in controlling diverse cellular processes. Optogenetic tools using photosensitive proteins and chemically induced dimerization (CID), which allow control of protein dimerization, have been used to elucidate the dynamics of biological systems and to dissect the complicated biological regulatory networks. However, the inherent limitations of current optogenetic and CID systems remain a significant challenge for the fine‐tuning of cellular activity at precise times and locations. Herein, we present a novel chemo‐optogenetic approach, photoswitchable chemically induced dimerization (psCID), for controlling cellular function by using blue light in a rapid and reversible manner. Moreover, psCID is tunable; that is, the dimerization and dedimerization degrees can be fine‐tuned by applying different doses of illumination. Using this approach, we control the localization of proteins and positioning of organelles in live cells with high spatial (μm) and temporal (ms) precision.
Ein biomimetischer Nickelkomplex mit einem reduzierten, durch Formiatdeprotonierung erzeugten CO2‐Liganden und sein Verhalten gegenüber CO2
Authors: Zimmermann Philipp , Hoof Santina , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Herwig Christian , Limberg Christian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractReduzierte CO2‐Spezies sind wichtige Intermediate in einer Vielzahl von natürlichen und synthetischen Prozessen. In den meisten Systemen entziehen sie sich jedoch aufgrund ihrer Reaktivität oder eingeschränkten Zugänglichkeit (heterogene Systeme) der Isolierung oder Charakterisierung und bleiben daher oft spekulativ oder nur theoretisch begründet. Hier wird ein Ni‐CO22−‐Komplex vorgestellt, der in vielerlei Hinsicht einzigartig ist. Während seine strukturellen und elektronischen Eigenschaften helfen, den CO2‐gebundenen Zustand in Ni,Fe‐haltigen CO‐Dehydrogenasen zu verstehen, gibt seine Reaktivität Aufschluss darüber, wie CO2 durch Nickelkomplexe in CO/CO32− umgewandelt werden kann. Darüber hinaus wurde der Komplex durch eine selten beschriebene β‐Deprotonierung von Formiat erzeugt, einen mechanistischen Schritt, der für die nickelkatalysierte Umwandlung von HxCOyz− an Elektroden und für die Oxidation von Formiat in Formiat‐Dehydrogenasen relevant ist.
Site‐Specific Modification of Gold Nanoparticles by Underpotential Deposition of Cadmium Atoms
Authors: Brust Mathias , Ramírez Silvana A. , Gordillo Gabriel J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderpotential deposition (UPD) of cadmium on 15 nm gold nanoparticles stabilized by 1‐mercapto‐undecane‐11‐tetra(ethylene glycol) has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Particles are adsorbed to a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). It is shown that single cadmium atoms are deposited onto the same surface sites that are active for adsorptive hydrogen reduction when cadmium is absent. Depending on the solution pH, the deposition of cadmium atoms either blocks hydrogen reduction or vice versa, depending on which process occurs first during the cathodic potential sweep. Another remarkable finding is that single cadmium atoms UPD‐deposited are also active for adsorptive hydrogen reduction. The use of CV to interrogate surface protected nanoparticles adsorbed on a HMDE represents a powerful method to study the electrocatalytic activity.
Development of stability indicating HPLC method for the separation and validation of enantiomers of miconazole
Authors: Bounoua Nadia , Sekkoum Khaled , Gumustas Mehmet , Belboukhari Nasser , Ozkan Sibel A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA selective and sensitive stability indicting HPLC method was developed for the analysis of enantiomers of miconazole. For this purpose, six different polysaccharide‐based chiral columns were evaluated. Optimization was performed using several polar organic and alcohol‐hydrocarbon mobile phases. As a result of optimization studies, the analysis was carried out using Lux Cellulose‐3, methanol as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL·min−1, and the detection wavelength was arranged to 230 nm. Developed method has been fully validated according to International Council on Harmonization guidelines. Method was found linear in the concentration range of 1 to 200 μg·mL−1. Coefficient of determination (R2) was calculated as 0.9996, intraday precision of the method was found with the RSD% of 0.56, and the recovery of the method was calculated close to 100%. Furthermore, some other validation parameters like specificity, selectivity, LOD, and LOQ were also investigated. Stability indicating capability of this method was shown by forced degradation studies, and the run time for each analysis was less than 6 minutes. As a result, simple, fast, reliable HPLC method was developed for the separation and determination of the enantiomers of miconazole. Applicability of the developed method was shown with the application of marketed pharmaceutical preparations.
An ascending visual pathway to the dorsal telencephalon through the optic tectum and nucleus prethalamicus in the yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
Authors: Hagio Hanako , Sato Moe , Yamamoto Naoyuki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDual visual pathways reaching the telencephalon appear to be an ancient vertebrate trait, but some teleost fish seem to possess only one pathway via the optic tectum. We undertook the present study to determine if and when this loss occurred during evolution. Tracer injection experiments to the optic nerve, the optic tectum, and the dorsal telencephalon were performed in the present study, to investigate ascending visual pathways to the dorsal telencephalon in an acanthopterygian teleost, the yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845). We confirmed the presence of a nucleus prethalamicus (PTh) in the goby, which has been convincingly identified only in holocentrids, suggesting that this nucleus is present in other acanthopterygians. We found that the optic tectum projects to the PTh bilaterally. The PTh projects in turn to the dorsal telencephalon, ipsilaterally. These results suggest that the yellowfin goby possesses only an extrageniculate‐like pathway, while a geniculate‐like pathway could not be identified. This situation is common with that of holocentrids and may be a character common in acanthopterygians. It is possible that a geniculate‐like system was lost in the common ancestor of acanthopterygians, although the scenario for the evolution of ascending visual systems in actinopterygians remains uncertain due to the lack of precise knowledge in a number of actinopterygian taxons.
Rh‐Based Nanocatalysts for Heterogeneous Reactions
Authors: Luo Laihao , Li Hongliang , Peng Yuhan , Feng Chen , Zeng Jie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRhodium (Rh) is well‐known for its catalytic application in diverse industrial reactions such as methane conversion, hydrogen generation, and olefin hydroformylation. Compared to homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous Rh‐based nanocatalysts are facilely separated and collected after reactions, thus being more compatible for industrialization. To this end, the development of active and stable heterogeneous Rh‐based catalysts has received everlasting interest. In this review, we focus on the synthesis and catalytic application of Rh‐based nanocatalysts for heterogeneous catalysis. Recent efforts in the design and fabrication of Rh‐based nanocatalysts are highlighted. Various synthetic strategies and protocols for shape‐controlled synthesis of Rh‐based nanocrystals and supported Rh‐based nanocatalysts are overviewed. In addition, we introduce methane conversion, hydrogen generation, and olefin hydroformylation as three typical catalytic applications of the Rh‐based nanocatalysts, and provide insights into the catalytic mechanisms involved. The remaining challenges and future prospects for the Rh‐based heterogeneous nanocatalysts are also discussed. This review offers a guideline for future research on Rh‐based nanocatalysts for heterogeneous catalysis.
CD8 lymphocytes in tumors and nonsynonymous mutational load correlate with prognosis of bladder cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Deng Boya , Park Jae‐Hyun , Ren Lili , Yew Poh Yin , Kiyotani Kazuma , Antic Tatjana , O'Connor Kelly , O'Donnell Peter H. , Nakamura Yusuke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnti–programed cell death 1 checkpoint inhibitors have recently demonstrated effectiveness against metastatic cancers including urothelial carcinoma.AimsTo identify biomarkers/factors that correlate with the clinical response in advanced bladder cancer patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.Methods and resultsWe investigated tumors from 18 bladder cancer patients who had received anti–programed cell death 1 (pembrolizumab) or anti–programmed death‐ligand 1 therapy (atezolizumab or durvalumab) and performed exome analysis, T‐cell receptor sequencing of the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and immunohistochemical analysis of CD8 and programmed death‐ligand 1 in cancer tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of bladder cancer tissues demonstrated that a higher number of CD8 T‐cell infiltration into cancer tissues was significantly associated with longer cancer‐specific survival of the patients (P = .0012). T‐cell receptor beta sequencing of TILs using genomic DNAs extracted from the tissues of 15 cases revealed that patients with higher clonal expansion of TILs had some tendency of longer cancer‐specific survival (P = .055), than those with lower clonal expansion. We performed whole exome sequencing of 14 cases and found that patients carrying higher numbers of somatic mutations received greater benefit from immunotherapy (P = .034) and one patient who had high microsatellite instability has survived for 1034 days.ConclusionCD8 infiltration in tumors and nonsynonymous mutation load might be useful predictive markers for immune checkpoint inhibitors for bladder cancer patients.
An investigation into the variability of skin colour measurements
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Xiao Kaida , Luo Ming Ronnier , Pointer Michael , Cheung Vien , Wuerger Sophie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the variability of skin colour measurements for two kinds of extensively used instruments, telespectroradiometers (TSR) and spectrophotometers. A Konica Minolta CM700d spectrophotometer and a PhotoResearch PR650 telespectroradiometer were used to measure the forehead and the cheekbone of 11 subjects. The variability was evaluated using different measurement parameters including measurement aperture size and pressure on the facial locations for the spectrophotometer, and measurement distance for the telespectroradiometer. The mean colour difference from the mean was used to define the short‐term repeatability; the CIELAB colour difference and colour appearance changes in each perceptual CIELAB attribute between each of two instrument settings were used to evaluate the inter‐instrument agreement. The results show that, for the TSR, different measurement distances have identical repeatability but the colour shifts were significant; for the spectrophotometer, the large aperture size of the target masks gave the most repeatable results and the aperture size had more influence on the colour shifts than the measurement pressure. In addition, to investigate the effect of ethnicity and body location on measurement variability, skin colours from additional 151 subjects were measured. The differences between the measurements for different body locations were, in general, larger than the instrument repeatability and the inter‐instrument agreement.