bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic Optical Imaging of Gold Nanorods Localization in Small Animals
Authors: Xu Keying , Shi Junwei , Pourmand Ali , Udayakumar Thirupandiyur S. , Dogan Nesrin , Zhao Weizhao , Pollack Alan , Yang Yidong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGold nanoparticles (GNP) have been intensively investigated for applications in cancer imaging and therapy. Most imaging studies focused on microscopic imaging. Their potential as optical imaging probes for whole body small animal imaging has rarely been explored. Taking advantage of their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties, we aim to develop a noninvasive diffuse optical imaging method to map the distribution of a special type of GNP, gold nanorods (GNR), in small animals. We developed an integrated dual-modality imaging system capable of both x-ray computed tomography (XCT) and diffuse optical tomography (DOT). XCT provides the animal anatomy and contour required for DOT; DOT maps the distribution of GNR in the animal. This SPR enhanced optical imaging (SPROI) technique was investigated using simulation, phantom and mouse experiments. The distribution of GNR at various concentrations (0.1–100 nM, or 3.5 ug/g–3.5 mg/g) was successfully reconstructed from centimeter-scaled volumes. SPROI detected GNR at 18 μg/g concentration in the mouse breast tumor, and is 3 orders more sensitive than x-ray imaging. This study demonstrated the high sensitivity of SPROI in mapping GNR distributions in small animals. It does not require additional imaging tags other than GNR themselves. SPROI can be used to detect tumors targeted by GNR via passive targeting based on enhanced permeability and retention or via active targeting using biologically conjugated ligands.
Experimental evidence that stripes do not cool zebras
Authors: Horváth Gábor , Pereszlényi Ádám , Száz Dénes , Barta András , Jánosi Imre M. , Gerics Balázs , Åkesson Susanne 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere are as many as 18 theories for the possible functions of the stripes of zebras, one of which is to cool the animal. We performed field experiments and thermographic measurements to investigate whether thermoregulation might work for zebra-striped bodies. A zebra body was modelled by water-filled metal barrels covered with horse, cattle and zebra hides and with various black, white, grey and striped patterns. The barrels were installed in the open air for four months while their core temperature was measured continuously. Using thermography, the temperature distributions of the barrel surfaces were compared to those of living zebras. The sunlit zebra-striped barrels reproduced well the surface temperature characteristics of sunlit zebras. We found that there were no significant core temperature differences between the striped and grey barrels, even on many hot days, independent of the air temperature and wind speed. The average core temperature of the barrels increased as follows: white cattle, grey cattle, real zebra, artificial zebra, grey horse, black cattle. Consequently, we demonstrate that zebra-striped coats do not keep the body cooler than grey coats challenging the hypothesis of a thermoregulatory role of zebra stripes.
Independent regulation of Plasmodium falciparum rif gene promoters
Authors: Araujo Rosana Beatriz Duque , Silva Tatiane Macedo , Kaiser Charlotte Sophie , Leite Gabriela Fernandes , Alonso Diego , Ribolla Paulo Eduardo Martins , Wunderlich Gerhard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAll Plasmodium species express variant antigens which may mediate immune escape in the vertebrate host. In Plasmodium falciparum, the rif gene family encodes variant antigens which are partly exposed on the infected red blood cell surface and may function as virulence factors. Not all rif genes are expressed at the same time and it is unclear what controls rif gene expression. In this work, we addressed global rif transcription using plasmid vectors with two drug resistance markers, one controlled by a rif 5′ upstream region and the second by a constitutively active promoter. After spontaneous integration into the genome of one construct, we observed that the resistance marker controlled by the rif 5′ upstream region was expressed dependent on the applied drug pressure. Then, the global transcription of rif genes in these transfectants was compared in the presence or absence of drugs. The relative transcript quantities of all rif loci did not change profoundly between strains grown with or without drug. We conclude that either there is no crosstalk between rif loci or that the elusive system of allelic exclusion of rif gene transcription is not controlled by their 5′ upstream region alone.
Top-down pulses reduce prey population sizes and persistence
Authors: Hamman Elizabeth A. , McCoy Michael W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractResource pulses are well documented and have important consequences for population dynamics relative to continuous inputs. However, pulses of top-down factors (e.g. predation) are less explored and appreciated in the ecological literature. Here, we use a simple differential equation population model to show how pulsed removals of individuals from a population alter population size relative to continuous dynamics. Pulsed removals result in lower equilibrium population sizes relative to continuous removals, and the differences are greatest at low population growth rates, high removal rates, and with large, infrequent pulses. Furthermore, the timing of the removal pulses (either stochastic or cyclic) affects population size. For example, cyclic removals are less likely than stochastic removals to result in population eradication, but when eradication occurs, the time until eradication is shorter for cyclic than with stochastic removals.
CYGNSS data map flood inundation during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season
Authors: Chew Clara , Reager John T. , Small Eric 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe 2017 Atlantic Hurricane Season was one of the most active and destructive on record, leading to significant flooding in many parts of the United States and the Caribbean. During flooding events such as these, there is an urgent need to quickly map in detail which areas have been severely affected, yet current satellite missions are not capable of sampling the global land surface at high enough spatio-temporal scales for flooding applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to high-resolution flood mapping by repurposing data from the new NASA mission, CYGNSS. The CYGNSS multi-satellite constellation was designed for frequent temporal sampling of the ocean surface in the tropics. We demonstrate that CYGNSS data provide clear signals of surface saturation and inundation extent over land at higher spatio-temporal resolution than radiometers like SMAP. Using a simple thresholding technique, we are able to estimate that approximately 32,580 km2 of land area in Texas flooded during Hurricane Harvey, and approximately 7210 km2 of land area flooded in Cuba during Hurricane Irma, or about 7% of Cuba’s total area.
The effect of canopy exchange on input of base cations in a subalpine spruce plantation during the growth season
Authors: Tan Siyi , Zhao Hairong , Yang Wanqin , Tan Bo , Ni Xiangyin , Yue Kai , Zhang Yu , Wu Fuzhong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCanopy exchange is one of the most important processes involved in the internal transfer of elements in forest ecosystems. However, little information is available on how canopy exchange influences the input of base cations in subalpine forests. Therefore, the concentrations and fluxes of base cations in throughfall and stemflow were investigated from August 2015 to July 2016 (except for the frozen season) in a representative subalpine spruce plantation in the eastern Tibet Plateau. Our results showed that the mean concentrations of K, Ca, Na and Mg were higher in the stemflow than in the throughfall and precipitation. The total input fluxes of K, Ca, Na and Mg in the internal forest were lower than those in the non-forest. Moreover, the results from the canopy budget model indicated that the canopy exchange fluxes of K, Ca and Mg were higher than the dry deposition fluxes, and Ca and Mg were uptaken, whereas K was leached when precipitation passed through the canopy. Therefore, the results suggested that the input of base cations is mainly controlled by canopy exchange during precipitation in subalpine forest ecosystems, and the canopy could alter the sinks and sources of base cations from precipitation.
Detection of genetic cardiac diseases by Ca2+ transient profiles using machine learning methods
Authors: Juhola Martti , Joutsijoki Henry , Penttinen Kirsi , Aalto-Setälä Katriina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have revolutionized cardiovascular research. Abnormalities in Ca2+ transients have been evident in many cardiac disease models. We have shown earlier that, by exploiting computational machine learning methods, normal Ca2+ transients corresponding to healthy CMs can be distinguished from diseased CMs with abnormal transients. Here our aim was to study whether it is possible to separate different genetic cardiac diseases (CPVT, LQT, HCM) on the basis of Ca2+ transients using machine learning methods. Classification accuracies of up to 87% were obtained for these three diseases, indicating that Ca2+ transients are disease-specific. By including healthy controls in the classifications, the best classification accuracy obtained was still high: approximately 79%. In conclusion, we demonstrate as the proof of principle that the computational machine learning methodology appears to be a powerful means to accurately categorize iPSC-CMs and could provide effective methods for diagnostic purposes in the future.
MicroRNA-guided prioritization of genome-wide association signals reveals the importance of microRNA-target gene networks for complex traits in cattle
Authors: Fang Lingzhao , Sørensen Peter , Sahana Goutam , Panitz Frank , Su Guosheng , Zhang Shengli , Yu Ying , Li Bingjie , Ma Li , Liu George , Lund Mogens Sandø , Thomsen Bo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNA) are key modulators of gene expression and so act as putative fine-tuners of complex phenotypes. Here, we hypothesized that causal variants of complex traits are enriched in miRNAs and miRNA-target networks. First, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for seven functional and milk production traits using imputed sequence variants (13~15 million) and >10,000 animals from three dairy cattle breeds, i.e., Holstein (HOL), Nordic red cattle (RDC) and Jersey (JER). Second, we analyzed for enrichments of association signals in miRNAs and their miRNA-target networks. Our results demonstrated that genomic regions harboring miRNA genes were significantly (P < 0.05) enriched with GWAS signals for milk production traits and mastitis, and that enrichments within miRNA-target gene networks were significantly higher than in random gene-sets for the majority of traits. Furthermore, most between-trait and across-breed correlations of enrichments with miRNA-target networks were significantly greater than with random gene-sets, suggesting pleiotropic effects of miRNAs. Intriguingly, genes that were differentially expressed in response to mammary gland infections were significantly enriched in the miRNA-target networks associated with mastitis. All these findings were consistent across three breeds. Collectively, our observations demonstrate the importance of miRNAs and their targets for the expression of complex traits.
Evaluation of heat wave forecasts seamlessly across subseasonal timescales
Authors: Ford Trent W. , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Benson David O. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe develop an extreme heat validation approach for medium-range forecast models and apply it to the NCEP coupled forecast model, for which we also attempt to diagnose sources of poor forecast skill. A weighting strategy based on the Poisson function is developed to provide a seamless transition from short-term day-by-day weather forecasts to expanding time means across subseasonal timescales. The skill of heat wave forecasts over the conterminous United States is found to be rather insensitive to the choice of skill metric; however, forecast skill does display spatial patterns that vary depending on whether daily mean, minimum, or maximum temperatures are the basis of the heat wave metric. The NCEP model fails to persist heat waves as readily as is observed. This inconsistency worsens with longer forecast lead times. Land–atmosphere feedbacks appear to be a stronger factor for heat wave maintenance at southern latitudes, but the NCEP model seems to misrepresent those feedbacks, particularly over the Southwest United States, leading to poor skill in that region. The NCEP model also has unrealistically weak coupling over agricultural areas of the northern United States, but this does not seem to degrade model skill there. Overall, we find that the Poisson weighting strategy combined with a variety of deterministic and probabilistic skill metrics provides a versatile framework for validation of dynamical model heat wave forecasts at subseasonal timescales.
Does elevation-dependent warming hold true above 5000 m elevation? Lessons from the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Gao Yanhong , Chen Fei , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Xu Jianwei , Xiao Linhong , Li Xia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAvailable observations below 5000 m altitude suggest that some mountain regions are undergoing accelerated elevation-dependent warming (EDW) in response to global or regional climate change. We address the question of whether EDW exists above 5000 m altitude, which is the elevation of much of the mountainous portion of the Tibetan Plateau, and headwaters to most of Asia’s major rivers. We analyzed four data sources: in situ observations, gridded observations, ERA-Interim reanalysis, and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model output over the portion of the Tibetan Plateau above 5000 m elevation. We also analyzed the relative contributions of changes in water vapor, diabatic heating, snow, and surface energy changes to EDW in WRF simulations and ERA-Interim. Gridded observations over the Tibetan Plateau show EDW below 5000 m, in apparent consistency with studies elsewhere. However, the gridded observations above 5000 m are essentially entirely extrapolated from lower elevations. Despite differences in details, neither ERA-Interim nor WRF indicate EDW above 5000 m. The WRF simulation produces more realistic temperature profiles at elevations where observations exist, which are also consistent with the simulated profiles of factors contributing to vertical heating. Furthermore, WRF projects no EDW above 5000 m in future climate projections (with CCSM4 boundary conditions) for RCP 4.5 and 8.5 global emission scenarios. Therefore, we conclude that EDW above 5000 m over the Tibetan Plateau is not occurring, nor is it likely to occur in future decades.
Facile morphology control of 3D porous CeO2 for CO oxidation
Authors: Jiang Xia , Huang Xiaochun , Zeng Wei , Huang Jiale , Zheng Yanmei , Sun Daohua , Li Qingbiao 
Published: June 2018

Different morphologies of CeO2 were obtained via a green and facial method, which realized CO complete conversion at 370 °C.
Characterization of a subsample of the Planck SZ source cluster catalogues using optical SDSS DR12 data
Authors: Streblyanska A. , Barrena R. , Rubiño-Martín J. A. , van der Burg R. F. J. , Aghanim N. , Aguado-Barahona A. , Ferragamo A. , Lietzen H. 
Published: June 2018

Aims. The Planck catalogues of Sunyaev –Zeldovich (SZ) sources, PSZ1 and PSZ2, are the largest catalogues of galaxy clusters selected through their SZ signature in the full sky. In 2013, we started a long-term observational programme at Canary Island observatories with the aim of validating ∼500 unconfirmed SZ sources. In this work we present results of the initial pre-screening of possible cluster counterparts using photometric and spectroscopic data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR12. Our main aim is to identify previously unconfirmed PSZ2 cluster candidates and to contribute in the determination of the actual purity and completeness of Planck SZ source sample.
Methods. Using the latest version of the PSZ2 catalogue, we selected all sources overlapping with the SDSS DR12 footprint and without redshift information. We validated these cluster fields following optical criteria (mainly distance with respect to the Planck pointing, magnitude of the brightest cluster galaxy, and cluster richness), and combined these criteria with the profiles of the Planck Compton y-maps. This combined procedure allows for a more robust identification of optical counterparts compared to simply cross-matching with existing SDSS cluster catalogues that have been constructed from earlier SDSS data releases.
Results. The sample contains new redshifts for 37 Planck galaxy clusters that were not included in the original release of PSZ2 Planck catalogue. We detect three cases as possible multiple counterparts. We show that a combination of all available information (optical images and profile of SZ signal) can provide correct associations between the observed Planck SZ source and the optically identified cluster. We also show that Planck SZ detection is very sensitive even to high-z (z > 0.5) clusters. In addition, we also present updated spectroscopic information for 34 Planck PSZ1 sources (33 previously photometrically confirmed and 1 new identification).
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS)
Authors: Siudek M. , Małek K. , Pollo A. , Krakowski T. , Iovino A. , Scodeggio M. , Moutard T. , Zamorani G. , Guzzo L. , Garilli B. , Granett B. R. , Bolzonella M. , de la Torre S. , Abbas U. , Adami C. , Bottini D. , Cappi A. , Cucciati O. , Davidzon I. , Franzetti P. , Fritz A. , Krywult J. , Le Brun V. , Le Fèvre O. , Maccagni D. , Marulli F. , Polletta M. , Tasca L. A.M. , Tojeiro R. , Vergani D. , Zanichelli A. , Arnouts S. , Bel J. , Branchini E. , Coupon J. , De Lucia G. , Ilbert O. , Haines C. P. , Moscardini L. , Takeuchi T. T. 
Published: June 2018

Aims.Various galaxy classification schemes have been developed so far to constrain the main physical processes regulating evolution of different galaxy types. In the era of a deluge of astrophysical information and recent progress in machine learning, a new approach to galaxy classification has become imperative.Methods.In this paper, we employ a Fisher Expectation-Maximization (FEM) unsupervised algorithm working in a parameter space of 12 rest-frame magnitudes and spectroscopic redshift. The model (DBk) and the number of classes (12) were established based on the joint analysis of standard statistical criteria and confirmed by the analysis of the galaxy distribution with respect to a number of classes and their properties. This new approach allows us to classify galaxies based on only their redshifts and ultraviolet to near-infrared (UV–NIR) spectral energy distributions.Results.The FEM unsupervised algorithm has automatically distinguished 12 classes: 11 classes of VIPERS galaxies and an additional class of broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). After a first broad division into blue, green, and red categories, we obtained a further sub-division into: three red, three green, and five blue galaxy classes. The FEM classes follow the galaxy sequence from the earliest to the latest types, which is reflected in their colours (which are constructed from rest-frame magnitudes used in the classification procedure) but also their morphological, physical, and spectroscopic properties (not included in the classification scheme). We demonstrate that the members of each class share similar physical and spectral properties. In particular, we are able to find three different classes of red passive galaxy populations. Thus, we demonstrate the potential of an unsupervised approach to galaxy classification and we retrieve the complexity of galaxy populations atz∼ 0.7, a task that usual, simpler, colour-based approaches cannot fulfil.
L’adiponectine
Authors: Nicolas Sarah , Chabry Joëlle , Guyon Alice , Zarif Hadi , Heurteaux Catherine , Petit-Paitel Agnès 
Published: June 2018

L’adiponectine (ApN) est une hormone produite par le tissu adipeux dont le taux plasmatique est diminué chez les personnes en surpoids ou obèses ainsi que chez les patients diabétiques. En périphérie, cette baisse du taux circulant d’ApN induit l’établissement d’un état inflammatoire chronique à bas bruit, le développement d’une résistance à l’insuline et de plaques d’athérome. Inversement, des conditions de vie « favorables », la perte de poids et la pratique régulière d’exercice physique permettent d’augmenter la concentration sanguine d’ApN. Certaines formes d’ApN peuvent gagner le cerveau par le biais du liquide cérébrospinal. À ce niveau, l’augmentation de l’ApN exerce de puissants effets anti-dépresseurs et anxiolytiques, notamment en réduisant la neuroinflammation.
Les doubles cursus médecine-sciences en France
Authors: Scherlinger Marc , Bienvenu Thomas C.M. , Piffoux Max , Séguin Perrine 
Published: June 2018

Les doubles cursus médecine-sciences (DC/MS) permettent l’acquisition d’une formation à la recherche et d’un doctorat de sciences au cours des études médicales. En France, avant les années 2000, la formation à la recherche était réalisée durant, voire après, le troisième cycle des études médicales (internat). Des DC/MS intégrés, dits « précoces », ont été développés depuis 2003 à l’initiative du cursus national de l’École de l’Inserm Liliane Bettencourt, suivie par la création de DC/MS par diverses universités. Quel que soit le mode de réalisation du double cursus, les étudiants engagés dans ces voies d’excellence se heurtent à des difficultés qui résultent essentiellement du manque d’articulation entre les formations médicale et scientifique. Les objectifs de ce texte sont de présenter les filières DC/MS de France, de recenser les principales difficultés rencontrées par les étudiants, ainsi que de formaliser un ensemble de propositions d’aménagements pour faciliter et consolider la formation des médecins/chercheurs.
Biologie et médecine « do-it-yourself »
Authors: Meyer Morgan 
Published: June 2018

La biologie et la médecine de « garage » sont fondées sur différentes pratiques et logiques : pratiques amateur et de bricolage, éthique du hacking et de l’open source, volonté de domestiquer la biologie moléculaire et la génétique, l’idéal de participation et des sciences citoyennes. Cette démocratisation est un processus à la fois spatial (construction de nouveaux espaces), technique (contournements créatifs autour d’équipements), social (création de réseaux/laboratoires accessibles) et politique. C’est donc à travers leurs pratiques, gestes et questionnements - bricoler, expérimenter, contourner, amatérialiser, éthiciser, comparer, valoriser, etc. - qu’il faut saisir les sciences « do-it-yourself ».
Neues Pflegeberufegesetz – Informationen, Fragen, Risiken
Authors: Kriesten Ursula 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Versorgungssicherung Welche Anforderungen ergeben sich aus dem neuen Pflegeberufegesetz, damit die Versorgungsqualität in der Geriatrie, der
Gerontopsychiatrie und der Alten- und Behindertenhilfe sichergestellt werden kann?