bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injectable and Spatially Patterned Microporous Annealed Particle (MAP) Hydrogels for Tissue Repair Applications
Authors: Darling Nicole J. , Sideris Elias , Hamada Naomi , Carmichael S. Thomas , Segura Tatiana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpatially patterned hydrogels are becoming increasingly popular in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue repair because of their ability to guide cell infiltration and migration. However, postfabrication technologies are usually required to spatially pattern a hydrogel, making these hydrogels difficult to translate into the clinic. Here, an injectable spatially patterned hydrogel is reported using hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based particle hydrogels. These particle hydrogels are sequentially loaded into a syringe to form a pattern and, once injected, they maintain the pattern. The applicability of this hydrogel in a wound healing skin model, a subcutaneous implant model, as well as a stroke brain model is examined and distinct patterning in all models tested is shown. This injectable and spatially patterned hydrogel can be used to create physical or biochemical gradients. Further, this design can better match the scaffold properties within the physical location of the tissue (e.g., wound border vs wound center). This allows for better design features within the material that promote repair and regeneration.
Evaluation of a Web‐based Educational Program to Teach the Identification and Management of Alcohol Withdrawal in the Emergency Department
Authors: Thompson Cameron , McLeod Shelley L. , Perelman Vsevolod , Lee Shirley , Carver Sally , Dear Taylor , Borgundvaag Bjug 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIdeal management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) incorporates a symptom‐driven approach, where patients are regularly assessed using a standardized scoring system (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol–Revised [CIWA‐Ar]) and treated according to severity. Accurate administration of the CIWA‐Ar requires experience, yet there is no training program to teach this competency. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a curriculum to teach clinicians how to accurately assess and treat AWS.MethodsThis was a three‐phase education program consisting of a series of e‐learning modules containing core competency material, an in‐person seminar to orient learners to high‐fidelity simulation, and a summative evaluation in an objective structured clinical examination setting using a standardized patient. To determine the impact of the AWS curriculum, we recorded how often the CIWA‐Ar was appropriately applied in the emergency department (ED) before and after training. A CIWA‐Ar protocol breach was defined as inappropriate administration of benzodiazepines (CIWA‐Ar < 10) and failure to administer benzodiazepines when required (CIWA‐Ar ≥ 10). ED length of stay, amount of benzodiazepines administered in the ED, discharge prescriptions, and unit doses (take‐away bottle of four tablets) of benzodiazepine given were recorded.ResultsSeventy‐four ED nurses completed the curriculum over an 8‐week period. In the 5 months prior to the educational program delivery, we identified 144 of 565 (25.5%) CIWA‐Ar protocol breaches, compared to 64 of 547 (11.7%) in the 5 months after training (∆13.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.3%–18.3%). Program completion resulted in a reduction in the median total dose of diazepam administered in the ED (40 mg vs. 30 mg, ∆10 mg, 95% CI = 0–20 mg) and no change was detected in ED length of stay and benzodiazepines prescribed.ConclusionsCompletion of this curriculum resulted in better compliance with the CIWA‐Ar protocol by those who administer the CIWA‐Ar; however, changes in inappropriate benzodiazepine prescribing practice will require future interdisciplinary initiatives.
Copernicus's Heliograph at Olsztyn: The 500th Anniversary of a Scientific Milestone
Authors: Graßhoff Gerd , Fischer Gordon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExactly 500 years ago, Nicolaus Copernicus drew a lattice of lines on a panel above the doorway to his rooms at Olsztyn Castle, then in the Bishopric of Warmia. Although its design has long been regarded as some kind of reflecting vertical sundial, the exact astronomical designation of the lines and related measuring techniques remained unknown. Surprisingly, Copernicus did not refer to his new observational methods in his principal work, De Revolutionibus. A data analysis of a 3D model of the panel has, at last, solved the mystery: Copernicus created a new type of measuring device—a heliograph with a nonlocal reference meridian—to precisely measure ecliptic longitudes of the Sun around the time of the equinoxes. The data, 3D model, and modeling results of our analysis are open access and available in the form of digital (Jupyter) notebooks.
Ein isolierbarer terminaler Imidkomplex des Palladiums und katalytische Implikationen
Authors: Grünwald Annette , Orth Nicole , Scheurer Andreas , Heinemann Frank W. , Pöthig Alexander , Munz Dominik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWir berichten über die erste Isolierung eines terminalen Palladium(II)‐Imidkomplexes und über dessen Reaktivität. Dieses Fragment ist ein Schlüsselintermediat für zahlreiche katalytische Prozesse einschließlich der C‐H‐Aminierungsreaktion. Wir demonstrieren die Aktivierung von H‐H‐, C‐H‐, N‐H‐ und O‐H‐Bindungen unter milden Bedingungen und beleuchten katalytische Anwendungen. Die hohe Reaktivität ist auf die Population des antibindenden höchsten besetzten Molekülorbitals (HOMO) zurückzuführen. Dies führt zu einer einzigartigen Ladungstrennung innerhalb der geschlossenschaligen Imidfunktionalität. Somit ist der N‐Atom‐Transfer nicht zwangsläufig – wie bisher allgemein angenommen – mit der hohen Valenz des Metalls (PdIII, PdIV) oder dem offenschaligen Charakter eines Nitrens assoziiert.
Mirror‐Image Dependence: Targeting Enantiomeric G‐Quadruplex DNA Using Triplex Metallohelices
Authors: Zhao Chuanqi , Song Hualong , Scott Peter , Zhao Andong , Tateishi‐Karimata Hisae , Sugimoto Naoki , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNatural d‐DNA and l‐DNA are mirror‐image counterparts. However, because of the inherent flexibility and conformation diversity of DNA, it is still not clear how enantiomeric compounds recognize d‐DNA and l‐DNA. Herein, taking G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA as an example that has diverse conformations and distinct biofunctions, the binding of ten pairs of iron triplex metallohelices to d‐ and l‐G4 DNA were evaluated. The Δ‐enantiomer binds to d‐DNA and the Λ‐enantiomer binds to l‐DNA, exhibiting almost the same stabilization effect and binding affinity. The binding affinity of the Δ‐metallohelix with d‐G4 is nearly 70‐fold higher than that of Λ‐metallohelix binding d‐G4. Δ‐Metallohelix binding to d‐G4 follows a two‐step binding process driven by a favorable enthalpy contribution to compensate for the associated unfavorable entropy.
Reaction Mechanisms of Well‐Defined Metal–N4 Sites in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Xiao Jianping , Chen Xue‐Jiao , Yu Song , Yu Liang , Si Rui , Wang Yong , Wang Suheng , Meng Xianguang , Wang Ye , Tian Zhong‐Qun , Deng Dehui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO emerges as a potential route of utilizing emitted CO2. Metal‐N‐C hybrid structures have shown unique activities, however, the active centers and reaction mechanisms remain unclear because of the ambiguity in true atomic structures for the prepared catalysts. Herein, combining density‐functional theory calculations and experimental studies, the reaction mechanisms for well‐defined metal–N4 sites were explored using metal phthalocyanines as model catalysts. The theoretical calculations reveal that cobalt phthalocyanine exhibits the optimum activity for CO2 reduction to CO because of the moderate *CO binding energy at the Co site, which accommodates the *COOH formation and the *CO desorption. It is further confirmed by experimental studies, where cobalt phthalocyanine delivers the best performance, with a maximal CO Faradaic efficiency reaching 99 %, and maintains stable performance for over 60 hours.
An Isolable Terminal Imido Complex of Palladium and Catalytic Implications
Authors: Grünwald Annette , Orth Nicole , Scheurer Andreas , Heinemann Frank W. , Pöthig Alexander , Munz Dominik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHerein, we report the isolation and a reactivity study of the first example of an elusive palladium(II) terminal imido complex. This scaffold is an alleged key intermediate for various catalytic processes, including the amination of C−H bonds. We demonstrate facile nitrene transfer with H−H, C−H, N−H, and O−H bonds and elucidate its role in catalysis. The high reactivity is due to the population of the antibonding highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), which results in unique charge separation within the closed‐shell imido functionality. Hence, N atom transfer is not necessarily associated with the high valency of the metal (PdIII, PdIV) or the open‐shell character of a nitrene as commonly inferred.
A Near‐Infrared Photoswitchable Protein–Fluorophore Tag for No‐Wash Live Cell Imaging
Authors: Sheng Wei , Nick Setare Tahmasebi , Santos Elizabeth M. , Ding Xinliang , Zhang Jun , Vasileiou Chrysoula , Geiger James H. , Borhan Babak 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFR‐1V, a fluorene‐based aldehydic chromophore, binds its target protein as an imine to yield a highly bathochromic pigment, CF‐2, a prototypic protein–dye tagging system whose NIR emission can be spatiotemporally switched ON by rapid UV‐light activation. This is achieved through photoisomerization of the imine and its subsequent protonation. We demonstrate a no‐wash protocol for live cell imaging of subcellular compartments in a variety of mammalian cell lines with minimal fluorescence background.
The relationship between solubility and nucleating effect of organic nucleating agent in poly(L‐lactic acid)
Authors: Fan Yinqing , Yan Shifeng , Yin Jingbo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTN,N′‐bis(benzoyl) hexanedioic acid dihydrazide (BHAD), and N,N′‐bis(benzoyl) terephthalic acid dihydrazide (BTAD) were synthesized as the organic nucleating agents for poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA). These two organic compounds exhibited different nucleating effect to PLLA. When the concentration was very low, BTAD was able to nucleate PLLA, while BHAD was not. When the concentration was adequate, BHAD showed better nucleating effect than BTAD. The experiments showed that, BHAD had the ability of dissolving into PLLA melt matrix, while BTAD was insoluble in PLLA. The optical microscope images revealed the quite different PLLA crystal morphologies nucleated by BHAD and BTAD. As BTAD could not dissolve in PLLA melt, it only induced a mass of small grain crystals of PLLA, the morphology of which is the same as neat PLLA. BHAD had relatively different nucleation and crystallization behaviors. Upon heating, BHAD could partially or totally dissolve in PLLA melt, which depended on the final heating temperature and its concentration. Upon cooling, BHAD separated from PLLA matrix and formed needle like or dendritic structures. Moreover, totally dissolved BHAD could finally exhibit dendritic structures, which had an excellent nucleation effect to PLLA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46851.
Effect of the microscopic morphology of a filler on its dispersion in a PI matrix: Calculation and analysis
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Li Xuesong , Lin Xinqi , Mu Jianxin , Hao Xiufeng 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe preparation of crosslinked polyimide (PI) composites via a blending technique is reported. Different kinds of organic or inorganic silicon‐based nanofillers have been used for this purpose. A comparison is made between carefully chosen pairs of fillers, the choice depending on the compatibility of the crosslinked PI with the filler, to study the effects of the crosslinked PI matrix structure and fillers with different micromorphology. The dispersion of the filler is characterized with SEM as uniformly dispersed or gelled. It is found that with different micromorphology of filler, the PI matrix can be loaded with different mass fractions of filler, and the point at which gelation occurs is not the same. In order to study this behavior, these fillers are subjected to a quadratic mean equation calculation and analysis. Compared to pure PI, all obtained crosslinked composites have a higher glass‐transition temperature and a lower dielectric constant. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46875.
Influence of nanoparticles and antioxidants on mechanical properties of titania/polydicyclopentadiene polyHIPEs: A statistical approach
Authors: Yüce E. , Krajnc P. , Mert H. H. , Mert E. H. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTOpen porous Pickering poly(high internal phase emulsion) composites were prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization of surface modified TiO2 nanoparticle stabilized dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) high internal phase emulsions. Oxidation of the double bonds in the polyDCPD chains of the resulting materials was prevented using antioxidants. Oxidation dependent variation of mechanical properties was demonstrated by applying compression tests to the resulting composite materials periodically. Periodical measurements revealed significantly reduced brittleness in the case of antioxidant containing polyHIPE composites. Furthermore, it was determined that the initial compression moduli and the compressive strengths of the resulting materials were significantly improved by using antioxidants as compared to antioxidant free samples. Moreover, increasing nanoparticle amount was found to have a beneficial effect with the presence of antioxidants. The relationship between the compression modulus with nanoparticle loading and different types of antioxidants was revealed by developing model regression equations and graphs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46913.
Biobased polyester obtained from bifunctional monomers through metathesis of fatty acids as precursor to synthesis of polyurethanes
Authors: Aguilar‐Castro Carmen , Gomez Mariamne Dehonor , Nava Manuel Gutierrez , García Jose Manuel Rojas , Uribe Luis Edmundo Lugo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBiobased unsaturated aliphatic polyesters and polyurethanes were obtained from fatty acid monomers with double functionality synthesized through cross‐metathesis of oleic acid and oleic alcohol. The chemical structure and thermal behavior of the monomers and polymers were analyzed by several physicochemical tests, and oscillatory rheometry and optical microscopy were used to determine their rheological properties and to observe the crystal formation of the obtained polyesters, respectively. It has been found that the polyesterification reaction depends on reaction temperature and to a lesser degree on both the reaction time and catalyst addition. The melt temperature and enthalpy of the obtained biobased polymers show that the monomer chain length has an effect on both the crystallinity and thermal transitions of the polymers, as can be explained by a group contribution analysis showing excellent correlation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47095.
The effect of atmospheric plasma treatment of recycled carbon fiber at different plasma powers on recycled carbon fiber and its polypropylene composites
Authors: Altay Lutfiye , Bozaci Ebru , Atagur Metehan , Sever Kutlay , Tantug Gozde Sevig , Sarikanat Mehmet , Seki Yoldas 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTTo increase the mechanical properties of recycled carbon fiber‐reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites, recycled carbon fibers (RCF) were subjected to atmospheric plasma treatment at different plasma powers (100, 200, and 300 W). The changes on surface topography and roughness of RCF were examined by atomic force microscopy. Plasma treatment of RCF increased the roughness value of RCF. The variation of surface elemental compositions and tensile strength of RCF were determined by using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and tensile test, respectively. Plasma‐treated RCF‐reinforced PP composites were fabricated using high speed thermo‐kinetic mixer. Plasma treatment of RCF at 100 W increased the tensile and flexural strength values of RCF‐reinforced PP composites considerably by 17 and 11%, respectively. However, plasma treatment of RCF at higher plasma powers (200 W and 300 W) decreased tensile and flexural strength values of composites because of the etching of RCF. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47131.
Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of graphene oxide‐fly ash cenosphere hybrid reinforced epoxy resin composites
Authors: Li Jian‐Chao , Zheng Li‐Fang , Sha Xiao‐Hua , Chen Ping 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAn experimental investigation into the influence of incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) and fly ash cenospheres (FACs) on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP) composites. Two fillers were studied: GO‐FAC hybrid and single GO. The GO‐FAC hybrid was synthesized using a solution blending method, and characterized by FTIR, XRD, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The modified EP composite specimens were prepared by adding different contents of GO and GO‐FAC hybrid. The investigation showed that the FACs were successfully carried on the GO layer. The experimental data indicated that the addition of GO‐FAC hybrid effectively improved the tensile property and the wear resistance of the EP composites, superior to the addition of single GO samples. The best tensile properties and lowest wear rate of EP composites were obtained when the hybrid content was 0.5 wt %. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 47173.
Comparative Study of Prenatal Development Between Myotis albescens (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Eumops patagonicus (Chiroptera: Molossidae): The Chorionic Vesicle and Extraembryonic Membranes Considerations
Authors: Rodríguez Florencia Evelyn , Sandoval María Teresa , Álvarez Blanca Beatriz , Lombardo Daniel Marcelo 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe presented a comparative study of two species of South American bats, Myotis albescens and Eumops patagonicus, about prenatal development. This study was carried out using 60 specimens, which were measured and photographed, and the embryonic stage was assigned by the staging system for Carollia perspicillata. We observed that the chorionic vesicle showed similarities in the disposition of the extraembryonic membranes, but they differed in characteristics of their yolk sac; in E. patagonicus, it was more glandular than M. albescens. M. albescens presented a well‐developed discoid placenta with a caudal antimesometrial position, but E. patagonicus presented a diffuse placenta, which persists until the end of gestation and a discoid placenta in the uterus–tubal junction. In the embryogenesis, early stages, middle stages, and late stages were defined. In the early stage, the embryonic morphology is similar in the two species. The middle stage is characterized by the muzzle and pinna formation, fore and hind limb regionalization, and the formation of the patagium primordium. In the late stage, the overall growth of the embryo occurs. Its fore and hind limbs, patagium, and the typical craniofacial features are configured. We conclude that in early stages of development, the embryonic morphology of M. albescens and E. patagonicus is similar, while in late stages differences are evident; mainly the craniofacial structures and uropatagium configuration characteristics that allow their classification at the family level. Moreover, differences in time of fusion of maxillary and mandibular process were registered. This could be related to the morphology of the muzzle of each species. Anat Rec, 301:1527–1543, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Long Bone Histology of the Sauropodomorph, Antetonitrus ingenipes
Authors: Krupandan Emil , Chinsamy‐Turan Anusuya , Pol Diego 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis analysis of the long bone microstructure of Antetonitrus ingenipes fills a crucial gap in our understanding of the growth dynamics of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. The bone histology of basal Sauropodomorpha are often characterized by zonal tissue, and contrasts with that of more derived sauropod taxa which show a shift toward the deposition of uninterrupted fibrolamellar bone (with lines of growth being either absent or only present in the outer circumferential layer). In Antetonitrus, growth patterns in the youngest individuals exhibit uninterrupted fibrolamellar bone without any growth marks. Sub‐adult individuals, also exhibit highly vascularized fibrolamellar bone throughout the cortex, as in more derived Sauropods and Mussaurus, but growth lines occur intermittently (although not regularly) throughout the cortex as in Lessemsaurus. This indicates that Antetonitrus does not exhibit the growth dynamics previously considered characteristic of Sauropoda. Despite this, the largest (and possibly the oldest femur, NMQR 1705/163) does show an incipient external fundamental system (EFS). Our findings further suggest that growth marks are decoupled from bone size, which indicates a level of developmental plasticity in this taxon. Modulations or textural shifts in the pattern of vascular channel arrangements throughout the fibrolamellar bone in the cortex may be related to periods of resource limitations, although the lack of consistency of these modulations suggest that it is unlikely due to seasonal fluctuations. Localized bands of radial fibrolamellar bone, followed by resumption of normal growth in two samples are interpreted as evidence of a disease infliction, and subsequent recovery thereof. Anat Rec, 301:1506–1518, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical Variations of the Intrapetrous Portion of the Facial Nerve
Authors: Arístegui Miguel , Martín‐Oviedo Carlos , Aristegui Ignacio , García‐Leal Roberto , Ruiz‐Juretschke Fernando 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe intrapetrous facial nerve has the second longest intraosseous course of all cranial nerves, after the mandibular nerve. But it is by far the most complex considering the anatomical structures closely related to it. The auditory and vestibular portions of the inner ear, the dura of the middle fossa and posterior fossa, the sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb, and the internal carotid artery are close enough to merit attention. This article includes an anatomical study on 100 temporal bones with anatomical references as seen from the middle fossa and from the transmastoid approaches that may help identifying the facial nerve and protecting surrounding structures. Anatomical variability was present and noteworthy when considering the venous drainage system through the temporal bone and the mastoid pneumatization. The distance from the geniculate ganglion to the hiatus falopii offered the highest variability with a range of 0 to 7.75 mm and a mean of 3.30 mm. The geniculate ganglion was dehiscent in 20.8% of the specimens and the superior semicircular canal was spontaneously blue‐lined in 27% of the cases. Through the transmastoid approach, the highest variability was found regarding the distance between the vertical portion of the facial nerve and the jugular bulb (range from 1.5 to 10.0 mm), the sigmoid sinus (range from 0 to 13.25 mm) and the internal carotid artery (range from 6.0 to 15.0 mm). This study highlights the importance of the relative variability of the facial nerve to other surrounding structures within the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Anat Rec, 302:588–598, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.