bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Localized Myofascial Inflammation Revealed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Recent-onset Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Effect of Tocilizumab Therapy
Authors: Laporte Jean-Patrick , Garrigues Florent , Huwart Anaïs , Jousse-Joulin Sandrine , Marhadour Thierry , Guellec Dewi , Cornec Divi , Devauchelle-Pensec Valérie , Saraux Alain 
Published: March 2019

Objective.To assess the prevalence of myofascial inflammatory lesions visible by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their changes after tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy in active polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).Methods.We conducted a posthoc analysis of data from the TENOR study of TCZ monotherapy in PMR. The 18 patients each received TCZ injections at weeks 0, 4, and 8. The shoulder and pelvic girdles were assessed at baseline then at weeks 2 and 12 using T1- and T2- short-tau inversion recovery–weighted MRI. Radiologists blinded to patient data assessed each muscle group for localized myofascial inflammation on baseline, Week 2, and Week 12 MRI. Reproducibility was estimated by having 2 radiologists assess the Week 2 MRI of 13 patients, then computing the κ coefficient.Results.For myofascial lesion detection, intraobserver reproducibility was almost perfect (κ = 0.890) and interobserver reproducibility was substantial (κ = 0.758). At baseline, all patients had at least 1 inflammatory myofascial lesion; sites involved were the shoulder in 10 (71.4%) patients, hip in 13 (86.7%), ischial tuberosity in 9 (60.0%), and pubic symphysis in 12 (80.0%). Sites involved at Week 12 were the shoulder in 8 patients (53.3%), hip in 5 (33.3%), ischial tuberosity in 1, and pubic symphysis in 3 (20.0%). At Week 12, of 103 muscle groups studied in all, 43 (41.7%) had no inflammatory lesions, compared to 33 at baseline (p = 0.002); improvements were noted in 66 (64.1%) muscle groups, worsening in 2 (1.9%), no change in 35 (34.0%; p = 0.034).Conclusion.Localized myofascial inflammatory lesions are common in recent-onset PMR and improve during TCZ therapy. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01713842).
Outcome Domains, Outcome Measures, and Characteristics of Randomized Controlled Trials Testing Nonsurgical Interventions for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Krsticevic Miso , Dosenovic Svjetlana , Dimcea Daiana Anne-Marie , Jedrzejewska Dominika , Marques Lameirão Ana Catarina , Almeida Eliana Santos , Jelicic Kadic Antonia , Jeric Kegalj Milka , Boric Krste , Puljak Livia 
Published: March 2019

Objective.Core outcome set (COS) is the minimum set of outcome domains that should be measured and reported in clinical trials. We analyzed outcome domains, prevalence of use of COS published by Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) initiative, outcome measures for outcome domains recommended by OMERACT COS, duration and size of randomized controlled trials (RCT) testing nonsurgical interventions for osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.We searched PubMed and analyzed RCT about nonsurgical interventions for OA published from June 2012 to June 2017. We extracted data about trial type, use of OMERACT COS, efficacy outcome domains, safety outcome domains, outcome measures used for COS assessment, duration, and sample size.Results.Among 334 analyzed trials, complete OMERACT-recommended COS was used by 14% of trials. Higher median prevalence of using OMERACT COS was found in trials explicitly described as phase III, and trials of pharmacological interventions with followup ≥ 1 year, but both with wide range of COS usage. Trialists used numerous different outcome measures for analyzing core outcome domains: 50 different outcome measures for pain, 74 for physical function, 9 for patient’s global assessment, and 5 for imaging.Conclusion.Suboptimal use of recommended COS and heterogeneity of outcome measures is reducing quality and comparability of OA trials and hinders conclusions about efficacy and comparative efficacy of nonsurgical interventions. Interventions for improving study design of trials in this field would be beneficial.
Disease Activity Cutoff Values in Initiating Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A German GO-NICE Study Subanalysis
Authors: Braun Jürgen , Baraliakos Xenofon , Kiltz Uta , Krüger Klaus , Burmester Gerd R. , Wassenberg Siegfried , Thomas Matthias H. 
Published: March 2019

Objective.International recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) recommend a Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) level of disease activity of ≥ 4 to initiate treatment with biologics. We aimed to evaluate the level of disease activity used to initiate tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) treatment and the level of responses to treatment based on different BASDAI cutoffs.Methods.This is a posthoc analysis of the noninterventional, prospective, GO-NICE study in the subgroup of biologic-naive AS treated with golimumab (GOL) 50 mg subcutaneously once monthly.Results.Of the 244 biologic-naive AS patients at baseline, 70.5% had a BASDAI ≥ 4 (Group 1), 14.3% had 2.8 to < 4 (Group 2), and 15.2% had even < 2.8 (Group 3). A total of 134 patients (54.9%) completed the 24-month observational period. The mean BASDAI in Groups 1, 2, and 3 was initially 5.9 ± 1.3, 3.4 ± 0.4, and 2.0 ± 0.8, decreased to 2.2 ± 2.0, 1.9 ± 1.2, and 1.0 ± 1.2 within 3 months (all p < 0.0001 vs baseline), and decreased significantly to 2.2 ± 1.7, 1.9 ± 1.7, and 1.4 ± 1.0 at Month 24 (all p < 0.005), respectively. BASDAI 50% improvement was noted in 68.8%, 44.8%, and 45.2% of patients at Month 3, and in 84.9%, 61.9%, and 55.0% at Month 24.Conclusion.TNFi treatment was initiated in almost a third of AS patients with lower disease activity states as assessed by BASDAI cutoff of ≥ 4. Patients with a BASDAI between 2.8 and < 4 appeared to benefit significantly from GOL treatment, while patients with BASDAI < 2.8 did not. This finding should lead to a reevaluation of the established BASDAI cutoff of ≥ 4.
The OMERACT Stepwise Approach to Select and Develop Imaging Outcome Measurement Instruments: The Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Example
Authors: Terslev Lene , Naredo Esperanza , Keen Helen I. , Bruyn George A.W. , Iagnocco Annamaria , Wakefield Richard J. , Conaghan Philip G. , Maxwell Lara J. , Beaton Dorcas E. , Boers Maarten , D’Agostino Maria-Antonietta 
Published: March 2019

Objective.To describe the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) stepwise approach to select and develop an imaging instrument with musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) as an example.Methods.The OMERACT US Working Group (WG) developed a 4-step process to select instruments based on imaging. Step 1 applies the OMERACT Framework Instrument Selection Algorithm (OFISA) to existing US outcome measurement instruments for a specific indication. This step requires a literature review focused on the truth, discrimination, and feasibility aspects of the instrument for the target pathology. When the evidence is completely unsatisfactory, Step 2 is a consensus process to define the US characteristics of the target pathology including one or more so-called “elementary lesions”. Step 3 applies the agreed definitions to the image, evaluates their reliability, develops a severity grading of the lesion(s) at a given anatomical site, and evaluates the effect of the acquisition technique on feasibility and lesion(s) detection. Step 4 applies and assesses the definition(s) and scoring system(s) in cross-sectional studies and multicenter trials. The imaging instrument is now ready to pass a final OFISA check.Results.With this process in place, the US WG now has 18 subgroups developing US instruments in 10 different diseases. Half of them have passed Step 3, and the groups for enthesitis (spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis), synovitis, and tenosynovitis (rheumatoid arthritis) have finished Step 4.Conclusion.The US WG approach to select and develop outcome measurement instruments based on imaging has been repeatedly and successfully applied in US, but is generic for imaging and fits with OMERACT Filter 2.1.
Notch Signaling Controls Transcription via the Recruitment of RUNX1 and MYB to Enhancers during T Cell Development
Authors: Rodríguez-Caparrós Alonso , García Vanina , Casal Áurea , López-Ros Jennifer , García-Mariscal Alberto , Tani-ichi Shizue , Ikuta Koichi , Hernández-Munain Cristina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTcrd and Tcrg display identical developmental programs that depend on the activity of the enhancers Eδ and Eγ being “on” in pre–β-selection thymocytes to activate transcription and V(D)J recombination of the unrearranged genes and “off” in post–β-selection CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes to inhibit transcription of the rearranged genes and avoid the expression of TCR δ- and TCR γ-chains in αβ T lymphocytes. Eδ and Eγ activity depends on transcription factor binding to essential Runx and Myb sites and parallels that of Notch signaling. We performed Notch gain- and loss-of-function experiments and found that Notch signaling activates Tcrd and Tcrg transcription by favoring the recruitment of RUNX1 and MYB to the enhancers. Our results suggest that the dissociation of RUNX1 and MYB from Eδ and Eγ chromatin in double-positive thymocytes, which results in enhancer inactivation, is caused by decreased Notch signaling triggered by pre-TCR signaling, thereby deciphering the molecular mechanism of Tcrd and Tcrg silencing during β-selection. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism for gene regulation via Notch signaling through the recruitment of RUNX1 and MYB to enhancer chromatin during thymocyte development.
Real Hypersurfaces in the Complex Quadric with Lie Invariant Structure Jacobi Operator
Authors: Suh Young Jin , Kim Gyu Jong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe introduce the notion of Lie invariant structure Jacobi operators for real hypersurfaces in the complex quadric$Q^{m}=SO_{m+2}/SO_{m}SO_{2}$. The existence of invariant structure Jacobi operators implies that the unit normal vector field$N$becomes$\mathfrak{A}$-principal or$\mathfrak{A}$-isotropic. Then, according to each case, we give a complete classification of real hypersurfaces in$Q^{m}=SO_{m+2}/SO_{m}SO_{2}$with Lie invariant structure Jacobi operators.
La criminalización mediática en los discursos sobre la escuela argentina
Authors: Saez Virginia 
Published: March 2019

Este artículo presenta un estudio exploratorio que analiza la criminalización mediática en los discursos sobre episodios de violencia en las escuelas, en la prensa argentina durante el período 1993-2011. Dadas las características del objeto de indagación, el abordaje metodológico fue cualitativo y la información se analizó en el marco del análisis socioeducativo del discurso. Entre los resultados observamos que la presentación de los episodios se limita a los estudiantes como responsables de las situaciones de violencia, se propone soluciones punitivas y se describe la institución escolar como incapaz de resolver los conflictos que allí se mencionan. Las estrategias comunicacionales utilizadas por la prensa coinciden en naturalizar el accionar de las fuerzas de seguridad. Concluimos que la criminalización mediática forma parte de una dinámica de estigmatización social. Por su originalidad, este estudio constituye un antecedente para futuras indagaciones sobre las representaciones mediáticas del espacio escolar.
Polyols and glucose particulate species as tracers of primary biogenic organic aerosols at 28 French sites
Authors: Samaké Abdoulaye , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Favez Olivier , Weber Samuël , Jacob Véronique , Albinet Alexandre , Riffault Véronique , Perdrix Esperanza , Waked Antoine , Golly Benjamin , Salameh Dalia , Chevrier Florie , Oliveira Diogo Miguel , Bonnaire Nicolas , Besombes Jean-Luc , Martins Jean M. F. , Conil Sébastien , Guillaud Géraldine , Mesbah Boualem , Rocq Benoit , Robic Pierre-Yves , Hulin Agnès , Le Meur Sébastien , Descheemaecker Maxence , Chretien Eve , Marchand Nicolas , Uzu Gaëlle 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. A growing number of studies
are using specific primary sugar species, such as sugar alcohols or primary saccharides,
as marker compounds to characterize and apportion primary biogenic organic aerosols
(PBOAs) in the atmosphere. To better understand their annual cycles, as well as their
spatiotemporal abundance in terms of concentrations and sources, we conducted a large
study focusing on three major atmospheric primary sugar compounds (i.e., arabitol,
mannitol, and glucose) measured in various environmental conditions for about 5300 filter
samples collected at 28 sites in France. Our results show significant atmospheric
concentrations of polyols (defined here as the sum of arabitol and mannitol) and glucose
at each sampling location, highlighting their ubiquity. Results also confirm that polyols
and glucose are mainly associated with the coarse rather than the fine aerosol mode. At
nearly all sites, atmospheric concentrations of polyols and glucose display a well-marked
seasonal pattern, with maximum concentrations from late spring to early autumn, followed
by an abrupt decrease in late autumn, and a minimum concentration during wintertime. Such
seasonal patterns support biogenic emissions associated with higher biological metabolic
activities (sporulation, growth, etc.) during warmer periods. Results from a previous
comprehensive study using positive matrix factorization (PMF) based on an extended
aerosol chemical composition dataset of up to 130 species for 16 of the same sample
series have also been used in the present work. The polyols-to-PMPBOA ratio
is 0.024±0.010 on average for all sites, with no clear distinction between traffic,
urban, or rural typology. Overall, even if the exact origin of the PBOA source is still
under investigation, it appears to be an important source of particulate matter (PM),
especially during summertime. Results also show that PBOAs are significant sources of
total organic matter (OM) in PM10 (13±4 % on a yearly average, and up to
40 % in some environments in summer) at most of the investigated sites. The mean PBOA
chemical profile is clearly dominated by contribution from OM (78±9 % of the mass
of the PBOA PMF on average), and only a minor contribution from the dust class
(3±4 %), suggesting that ambient polyols are most likely associated with
biological particle emissions (e.g., active spore discharge) rather than soil dust
resuspension.
Fluvial sedimentary deposits as carbon sinks: organic carbon pools and stabilization mechanisms across a Mediterranean catchment
Authors: Martínez-Mena María , Almagro María , García-Franco Noelia , de Vente Joris , García Eloisa , Boix-Fayos Carolina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The role of fluvial sedimentary areas as organic carbon sinks
remains largely unquantified. Little is known about mechanisms of organic
carbon (OC) stabilization in alluvial sediments in semiarid and subhumid
catchments where those mechanisms are quite complex because sediments are
often redistributed and exposed to a range of environmental conditions in
intermittent and perennial fluvial courses within the same catchment. The
main goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of transport and
depositional areas as sources or sinks of CO2 at the catchment
scale. We used physical and chemical organic matter fractionation techniques
and basal respiration rates in samples representative of the three phases of
the erosion process within the catchment: (i) detachment, representing the
main sediment sources from forests and agricultural upland soils, as well as
fluvial lateral banks; (ii) transport, representing suspended load and
bedload in the main channel; and (iii) depositional areas along the channel,
downstream in alluvial wedges, and in the reservoir at the outlet of the
catchment, representative of medium- and long-term residence deposits,
respectively. Our results show that most of the sediments transported and
deposited downstream come from agricultural upland soils and fluvial lateral
bank sources, where the physicochemical protection of OC is much lower than
that of the forest soils, which are less sensitive to erosion. The protection
of OC in forest soils and alluvial wedges (medium-term depositional areas)
was mainly driven by physical protection (OC within aggregates), while
chemical protection of OC (OC adhesion to soil mineral particles) was
observed in the fluvial lateral banks. However, in the remaining sediment
sources, in sediments during transport, and after deposition in the reservoir
(long-term deposit), both mechanisms are equally relevant. Mineralization of
the most labile OC (the intra-aggregate particulate organic matter
(Mpom) was predominant during transport. Aggregate formation and OC
accumulation, mainly associated with macroaggregates and occluded
microaggregates within macroaggregates, were predominant in the upper layer
of depositional areas. However, OC was highly protected and stabilized at the
deeper layers, mainly in the long-term deposits (reservoir), being even more
protected than the OC from the most eroding sources (agricultural soils and
fluvial lateral banks). Altogether our results show that both medium- and
long-term depositional areas can play an important role in erosive areas
within catchments, compensating for OC losses from the eroded sources and
functioning as C sinks.
Twenty-first-century glacio-hydrological changes in the Himalayan headwater Beas River basin
Authors: Li Lu , Shen Mingxi , Hou Yukun , Xu Chong-Yu , Lutz Arthur F. , Chen Jie , Jain Sharad K. , Li Jingjing , Chen Hua 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Himalayan Mountains are the source region of one of the world's largest
supplies of freshwater. The changes in glacier melt may lead to droughts as
well as floods in the Himalayan basins, which are vulnerable to hydrological
changes. This study used an integrated glacio-hydrological model, the Glacier
and Snow Melt – WASMOD model (GSM-WASMOD), for hydrological projections
under 21st century climate change by two ensembles of four global climate models (GCMs) under two Representative Concentration
Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and
two bias-correction methods (i.e., the daily bias correction (DBC) and the
local intensity scaling (LOCI)) in
order to assess the future hydrological changes in the Himalayan Beas basin
up to Pandoh Dam (upper Beas basin). Besides, the glacier extent loss during
the 21st century was also investigated as part of the glacio-hydrological
modeling as an ensemble simulation. In addition, a high-resolution WRF
precipitation dataset suggested much heavier winter precipitation over the
high-altitude ungauged area, which was used for precipitation correction in
the study. The glacio-hydrological modeling shows that the glacier ablation
accounted for about 5 % of the annual total runoff during 1986–2004 in
this area. Under climate change, the temperature will increase by
1.8–2.8 ∘C at the middle of the century (2046–2065), and by
2.3–5.4 ∘C until the end of the century (2080–2099). It is very
likely that the upper Beas basin will get warmer and wetter compared to the
historical period. In this study, the glacier extent in the upper Beas basin
is projected to decrease over the range of 63 %–87 % by the middle
of the century and 89 %–100 % at the end of the century compared to
the glacier extent in 2005. This loss in glacier area will in general result
in a reduction in glacier discharge in the future, while the future
streamflow is most likely to have a slight increase because of the increase
in both precipitation and temperature under all the scenarios. However, there
is widespread uncertainty regarding the changes in total discharge in the
future, including the seasonality and magnitude. In general, the largest
increase in river total discharge also has the largest spread. The
uncertainty in future hydrological change is not only from GCMs, but also
from the bias-correction methods and hydrological modeling. A decrease in
discharge is found in July from DBC, while it is opposite for LOCI. Besides,
there is a decrease in evaporation in September from DBC, which cannot be
seen from LOCI. The study helps to understand the hydrological impacts of
climate change in northern India and contributes to stakeholder and
policymaker engagement in the management of future water resources in
northern India.
Narrative and Theodicy in Paradise Lost
Authors: Fallon Stephen M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Milton famously claims that in Paradise Lost he will “assert eternal providence, / And justify the ways of God to men.” Does he succeed? This article argues that Milton's epic, by the criteria of Immanuel Kant, for whom Milton was an immensely influential predecessor, inevitably fails as a philosophical theodicy. On the other hand, the article argues that Paradise Lost succeeds as a narrative of a fall that readers can experience as free rather than determined, and moreover that it succeeds as an example of what Kant termed “authentic theodicy.”
Capacidade funcional de idosos adscritos em uma estratégia saúde da família do meio rural
Authors: Franco Maiara Tamires , Wypyszynski Rosa Maria , Bisognin Elisiane , Schaly Ronald , Martins Renata Breda , Ianiski Valéria Baccarin 
Published: March 2019

Este estudo objetivou identificar o grau de capacidade funcional, as doenças crônicas mais frequentes e as características sociodemográficas de idosos de um território de saúde do meio rural. Trata-se de umestudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal e exploratório, com 288 idosos residentes de uma zona rural de Santa Rosa/RS, no período de março a junho de 2012. Para a coleta dos dados foram utilizados osinstrumentos: índice de Katz, para as Atividades Básicas da Vida Diária (ABVD); e a escala de Lawton para as Atividades Instrumentais da Vida Diária (AIVD). Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o programaEpi Info 3.5.3. Houve predomínio de mulheres idosas (52%), na faixa etária dos 75 anos ou mais (30%). A maioria dos entrevistados eram aposentados (94%), com renda de um a dois salários mínimos (81%)e baixa escolaridade (60%). A maioria se mostrou independente (97%) em relação às ABVDs e às AIVDs (77%). Entretanto, com relação às AIVDs, as mulheres foram as mais dependentes (60%). Observou-se que 57% idosos apresentavam algum grau de dependência, sendo que 23% deles não conseguiam utilizar o telefone e 20% apresentavam dependência parcial para utilizar meios de transporte e controlar as finanças. Foi possível identificar maior frequência de dependência a partir dos 70 anos de idade por meio dos dois instrumentos utilizados. Conclui-se que a diminuição da capacidade funcional relacionou-se ao aumento da idade, sexo feminino e baixa escolaridade. Os homens mostraram-se mais independentes. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi a doença mais frequente.
Critical Review of Analytical and Bioanalytical Verification of the Authenticity of Coffee
Authors: Burns Duncan Thorburn , Walker Michael J 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: The driving factors for the commercial adulteration of coffee are reviewed. Objective: Methods have been assessed for the identification of the most common materials used to adulterate coffee by dilution, to establish the geographic origins, the genotypes of beans, and to assess the authenticity of Kopi Luwak coffee. Method: The literature was surveyed manually and electronically from 1820 to 2018. Results: A flow diagram has been developed to summarize the best approaches to deal with the authentication of coffee. Conclusions: Encouragement is given to the interlaboratory validation of spectroscopic approaches, the exploration of civet cat deoxyribonucleic acid for the identification of Kopi Luwak, and the development of appropriately large and well-curated datasets of authenticity information across multiple techniques. Highlights: The current analytical difficulties in the authentication of coffee are highlighted and suggestions made to improve the situation.