bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Favourable Prognosis of Patients With Untreated HBeAg‐Negative Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection With HBsAg < 100 IU/mL
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Zhiyi , Yin Shengxia , Zhang Shaoqiu , Zhu Li , Pan Yifan , Fan Tao , Cao Fei , Xiong Ye , Jiang Chao , Wang Guiyang , Yang Yue , Jia Bei , Liu Jiacheng , Xia Juan , Yan Xiaomin , Li Jie , Zhu Chuanwu , Liu Xingxiang , Chen Yuxin , Wu Chao , Huang Rui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSerum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) < 100 IU/mL has been recently proposed as one of the key criteria of ‘partial cure’ in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We analysed the clinical prognosis of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative untreated patients with HBsAg < 100 IU/mL and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.MethodsFive hundred and twenty‐one untreated patients with HBeAg negativity, HBsAg < 100 IU/mL and normal ALT levels were included from three hospitals. Spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance, phase transition, liver fibrosis progression and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development were analysed.ResultsThe median age was 43.0 years, and 62.2% of the patients were male. After a median follow‐up of 25.0 months, 52 (10.0%) patients achieved spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance. The annual HBsAg seroclearance rate is 4.2%. Patients with baseline HBsAg ≤ 10 IU/mL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 3.490, p < 0.001) and male sex (aHR = 1.980, p = 0.041) were more likely to achieve HBsAg seroclearance. Only 4 (0.8%) and 23 (4.8%) patients transitioned to the immune escape phase and HBeAg‐negative indeterminate phase, respectively. Baseline serum HBsAg > 10 IU/mL (aHR = 3.846, p = 0.034) and detectable HBV DNA (aHR = 2.672, p = 0.023) were associated with transition to the HBeAg‐negative indeterminate phase. No patient developed HCC or had fatal outcomes.ConclusionsHBeAg‐negative patients with serum HBsAg < 100 IU/mL and normal ALT levels had a favourable prognosis. HBsAg ≤ 10 IU/mL and male sex were associated with a higher rate of HBsAg seroclearance, while HBsAg > 10 IU/mL and detectable HBV DNA were associated with a higher risk of transition to the indeterminate phase.
Sociodemographic and Health‐Related Risk Factors Associated With Planned and Emergency Cesarean Births in Mexico
Authors: Contreras Jessica Irene , Suárez‐López Leticia , Hubert Celia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCesarean delivery is a contributing factor to many delivery care and postpartum maternal morbidities, especially when a cesarean delivery is unnecessary. Mexico has one of the highest cesarean birth rates in Latin America, and as such, our objective was to identify the sociodemographic, reproductive, maternal care, and health‐related characteristics associated with the prevalence of planned and emergency cesarean births in Mexico.MethodsUsing nationally representative data from a Mexican probabilistic survey (ENSANUT 2021), we examined and developed a cross‐sectional analysis of women aged 12 to 19 with a live‐birth and women 20 to 49 years who had their last live‐birth within five years before the survey (n = 1330). We used multinomial logistic regression analysis to examine predictors associated with planned and emergency cesarean births.ResultsThe live‐births within our sample included 50.7% vaginal, 27.5% emergency cesarean births, and 21.8% planned cesarean births. Younger age groups at delivery, speaking an indigenous language, and receiving delivery care at open public services are negatively associated with having any cesarean birth. Receiving delivery care at private institutions and having hypertension during pregnancy increases the odds of having both planned and emergency cesarean births. Emergency cesarean births are positively associated with tertiary education and negatively correlated with the parity of three or more children, while planned cesarean births are more likely for women with a parity of two.DiscussionEfforts to reduce unnecessary cesarean births should include evidence‐based medicine recommendations, actions to avoid the first cesarean birth, and providing pregnant women with counseling to support informed decisions.
Regional climate change adaptation planning in Canada: Actors and their articulation
Authors: Weissenberger Sebastian , Jeff Birchall S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClimate change governance presents challenges and most of the responsibility for it is offloaded to local governments often ill‐equipped to deal with it. In Canada, where climate extremes are on the rise, regional adaptation governance structures have emerged as an avenue for more efficient adaptation. Governance at this scale has the potential to mutualize expertise and means, to involve local population, and favour a vertical integration of the adaptation process. From selected examples of regional collaboration on climate change adaptation, in this short viewpoint paper, we identify some factors favouring such initiatives. The presence of “boundary organizations” such as research centres or non‐governmental organizations that can act as catalysts, is a predictor in all our cases and has been proposed in literature before. Funding opportunities can of course offer a strong incentive for various actors to get together. Other factors such as geographical or cultural particularities can shape communities’ response to the stress of climate change. More research should be led into understanding these factors and translate them into policies favouring the emergence of regional adaptation instances, especially in rural coastal zones, in Canada.
A Comprehensive Mendelian Randomization Study Investigating Multiple Exposures and Outcomes: Focusing on Nontoxic Goitre and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wu Yizhi , Yao Zhenghong , Wang Yimin , Lou Yufei , Yu Tugen , Chen Rucheng , Shou Xinyang , Gu Weijia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePrevious research suggests a correlation between nontoxic goitre and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the causality was vulnerable to confounding variables. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more rigorous research approach to examine the causal connection between nontoxic goitre and T2DM.DesignMultiple exposures and outcomes two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out in two stages: nontoxic goitre traits (including nontoxic diffuse goitre, NDG; nontoxic multinodular goitre, NMG; and other/unspecified nontoxic goitre, OUNG) were investigated as exposure while T2DM was investigated as an outcome in the first step, whereas the second step was reversed. The GWAS summary data for nontoxic goitre traits and T2DM were collected from the Finngen database. The summary data for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c were obtained from the open GWAS database established by the MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit (IEU). The inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) approach was used to obtain MR estimates, and various sensitivity analysis was also performed.ResultsNDG had a potential protective causal relationship with T2DM (OR = 0.978; 95% CI: 0.957−0.998; p = 0.034) and fasting glucose (OR = 0.995; 95% CI: 0.990−0.999; p = 0.011), while NMG had a potential protective causal relationship with T2DM (OR = 0.941; 95% CI: 0.902−0.982; p = 0.008) and HbA1c (OR = 0.992; 95% CI: 0.986−0.998; p = 0.015). OUNG was found to decrease the odds of T2DM by 4.4% (OR = 0.966; 95% CI: 0.938−0.995, p = 0.023). T2DM had a potential causal relationship with NDG (OR = 1.239; 95% CI: 1.020−1.504; p = 0.031), and a potential protective effect against NMG (OR = 0.669; 95% CI: 0.566−0.792; p < 0.001) and OUNG (OR = 0.694; 95% CI: 0.545−0.883; p = 0.004). There was no evidence of a positive association between glycemic traits and nontoxic goitre traits (p > 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings indicate a potential causal relationship between nontoxic goitre traits and T2DM. Specifically, our study addresses that NMG and T2DM may have a significant causal effect on each other in both directions.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of sofnobrutinib, a novel non‐covalent BTK inhibitor, in healthy subjects: First‐in‐human phase I study
Authors: Miyamoto Kyoko , Miller Robert M. , Voors‐Pette Christine , Oosterhaven Jart A. F. , van den Dobbelsteen Marieke , Mihara Katsuhiro , Geldof Marian , Sato Yuji , Matsuda Naomi , Kirita Shirou , Sawa Masaaki , Arimura Akinori 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a potential therapeutic target for allergic and autoimmune diseases. This first‐in‐human phase I study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of sofnobrutinib (formerly AS‐0871), a highly selective, orally available, non‐covalent BTK inhibitor, in healthy adult subjects. Single ascending doses (SAD; 5–900 mg) and multiple ascending doses (MAD; 50–300 mg twice daily [b.i.d.] for 14 days [morning dose only on Day 14]) of sofnobrutinib were tested. In the entire study, all adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate, and no apparent dose‐proportional trend in severity or frequency was observed. No serious treatment‐emergent AEs, cardiac arrythmias, or bleeding‐related AEs were reported. In the SAD part, sofnobrutinib exhibited approximately dose‐dependent systemic exposures up to 900 mg with rapid absorption (median time to maximum concentration of 2.50–4.00 h) and gradual decline (mean half‐lives of 3.7–9.0 h). In the MAD part, sofnobrutinib showed low accumulation after multiple dosing (mean accumulation ratios of ≤1.54) and reached a steady state on ≤Day 7. Single dosing of sofnobrutinib rapidly and dose‐dependently suppressed basophil and B‐cell activations in ex vivo whole blood assays. Multiple dosing of sofnobrutinib achieved 50.8%–79.4%, 67.6%–93.6%, and 90.1%–98.0% inhibition of basophil activation during the dosing interval of 50, 150, and 300 mg b.i.d., respectively. Based on pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic analysis, half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of sofnobrutinib for basophil activation was 54.06 and 57.01 ng/mL in the SAD and MAD parts, respectively. Similarly, IC50 for B‐cell activation was 187.21 ng/mL. These data support further investigation of sofnobrutinib in allergic and autoimmune diseases.
Length‐Based Assessment of Hovsgol Grayling (Thymallus nigrescens), Lenok (Brachymystax lenok), and Burbot (Lota lota) Population Status in Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia
Authors: Shaw Margaret J. , Free Christopher M. , Mendsaikhan Bud , Ganzorig Batsaikhan , Jensen Olaf P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDespite the global importance of inland fisheries, data available for stock assessment is often limited. Data‐limited methods that use length composition data offer a potential approach to assessing more inland fisheries. We assessed the population status of three fish species in Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia through length‐based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) analysis and evaluation of trends in eight length‐based indicators of population status, catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE), and body size. Hovsgol grayling (Thymallus nigrescens) were not yet overfished, but CPUE and body size declined due to targeting of large, mature fish. Lenok (Brachymystax lenok) were experiencing overfishing, especially of small, immature fish, which contributed to size–structure truncation. The burbot (Lota lota) population was healthy according to most indicators, but the lack of local life history information exacerbated already large uncertainties. Continued monitoring and improved coordination among fishers, managers, and scientists will be critical to enhancing the sustainability of these fisheries.
Genomics‐Informed Range Predictions Under Global Warming Reveal Reduced Adaptive Diversity Whilst Buffering Range Shifts for a Marine Snail
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Nie , Ma Chao‐Yi , Hu Li‐Sha , Liao Ming‐Ling , Ma Lin‐Xuan , Teske Peter R. , Hoffmann Ary , Dong Yun‐Wei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the genetic basis of local adaptation in thermal performance is useful for predicting species distribution shifts under anthropogenic climate change. Many species are distributed across multiple biogeographic regions, and the uniquely adapted populations in each region may respond to future ocean warming with distinct distribution changes. In the present study, we investigated phylogeographic patterns, thermal sensitivity, and genetic differentiation in the intertidal snail Littorina brevicula along China's coast. Whole‐genome sequencing results based on a newly assembled chromosome‐level genome revealed two genetic lineages, with a north–south divergence that is linked to the thermal environment. Within each lineage, individuals could be further subdivided into genetic subgroups that differ at key genomic loci underpinning differences in upper heat tolerance. Heat stress drives adaptive divergence across multiple levels of organization, from the individual to the biogeographic level. Taking into account genetic diversity associated with variation in heat tolerance, a physiological species distribution model (pSDM) was applied to predict the distributions of the different genetic subgroups in response to climate change. Both northern and southern lineages were predicted to experience declines in habitat suitability under a 4°C future warming scenario, and that a genotypic subset of snails from the southern lineage may even be driven to extinction. These findings illustrate that even when a species' range is maintained, it can nonetheless experience a significant decrease in adaptive diversity as a result of climate change. The integrated approach presented here, which considered both physiological and adaptive genetic variation at the level of individuals within a biogeographical context, provided new insights into how marine species can respond to global warming.
A Systematic Review Evaluating Methods for Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Dental Erosions
Authors: Jarkander Maria Skalsky , Domeij Helena , Edebert Irene , Astvaldsdottir Alfheidur , Grindefjord Margaret , Johannsen Annsofi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this systematic review was to investigate the quality of evidence for methods used to diagnose, restore and prevent dental erosions, by evaluating and summarising clinical controlled studies and in situ studies covering this field.Material and MethodsThree databases, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane database, were searched for studies published until October 2023. Studies fulfilling the selection criteria were selected, and the risk of bias of the included studies was assessed. Two authors independently reviewed the studies, evaluated their risk of bias and extracted data from the included studies. The certainty of evidence of the findings in the studies was determined using GRADE.ResultsThe literature search identified 7176 records. Out of these, 19 studies were included in this review, three revolving diagnostics, three revolving treatment and 13 revolving prevention. However, due to the fact that only few studies with a small number of participants have investigated the same methods on the same outcome, the studies do not constitute any body of evidence.ConclusionThis systematic review highlights the shortage of data on methods used for diagnostics, restorative treatment and prevention of dental erosions. More knowledge is needed to strengthen the scientific evidence regarding methods used for dental erosions.
Stigmatization and perceived health status in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: an observational multicenter study in Europe
Authors: Marron Servando E. , Gracia‐Cazaña Tamara , Sampogna Francesca , Schut Christina , Kupfer Joerg , Dalgard Florence J. , Bewley Anthony , van Beugen Sylvia , Gieler Uwe , Lien Lars , Ständer Sonja , Vulink Nienke , Finlay Andrew Y. , Legat Franz J. , Titeca Geraldine , Jemec Gregor B. , Misery Laurent , Szabo Csanad , Grivcheva‐Panovska Vesna , Spillekom‐van Koulil Saskia , Balieva Flora , Szepietowski Jacek C. , Reich Adam , Roque Ferreira Bárbara , Lvov Andrey , Romanov Dmitry , Svensson Ake , Altunay Ilknur K. , Thompson Andrew R. , Zeidler Claudia , Tomas‐Aragones Lucía ,   the ESDAP Study Collaborators
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) can severely affect the quality of life (QoL) and is linked to psychological distress, including anxiety, depression, and reduced self‐esteem. Stigmatization due to physical appearance may significantly contribute to the psychological burden and impact on QoL for HS patients. This study investigates the association between stigmatization, depression, anxiety, and health‐ and disease‐related variables among HS patients in Europe.Patients and methodsThis observational cross‐sectional multicenter study was conducted across 22 dermatological outpatient clinics in 17 European countries. Data collected included sociodemographic variables, general health variables, disease‐related variables, perceived stigmatization (PSQ), and mental health (PHQ‐2, GAD‐2).ResultsOf the 5487 dermatological patients, 142 (2.6%) were diagnosed with HS, and data from 135 patients (70.1% women, mean age 38.2 years) who completed the PSQ questionnaire were analyzed. Scores on the stigmatization measure indicated that significant stigmatization levels were present in the sample. Linear regression models revealed a significant relationship between stigmatization and both the duration of HS and the presence of itch. Similar findings were noted for the PSQ “confused/staring behavior” scale with depression. The PSQ “absence of friendly behavior” scale was inversely associated with general health status, whereas the “hostile behavior” scale was positively linked to depression.ConclusionHS patients experience significant stigmatization linked to disease duration, itch, and depression. Comprehensive management, including screening for psychosocial co‐morbidity, is essential, as is providing access to psychological interventions that support patients to both manage internal distress and the potential reactions of others.
Rule‐based clinician‐developed programmes can facilitate haemodialysis clinical workflows
Authors: Satheakeerthy Shrirajh , Booth Andrew EC , Chan Weng O. , Moloney Brona , Farnan Ava , Gluck Samuel , Rao Nitesh , Gilbert Toby , Bacchi Stephen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere are routine hospital workflows that are not addressed by certain institutional electronic medical records, including the detection of patients requiring haemodialysis who are admitted under non‐nephrology services. In this study, the feasibility and performance of a clinician‐developed automated haemodialysis patient finder was evaluated. The programme ran with zero downtime for 6 months and had zero false negatives or false positives. This work demonstrates the potential benefits that may be gained when clinicians can meaningfully alter electronic clinical workflows.
Exploring the Influencing Factors of Experienced Nurses' Retention Behaviour: A Qualitative Study Based on the COM‐B Model
Authors: Huang Liebin , Liu Ming , Leung Angela Y. M. , Zhang Jun‐E , Deng Renli , Dai Hongxia , He Binbin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing the retention behaviour of experienced nurses in China, using the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour (COM‐B) model as a conceptual framework.DesignA qualitative descriptive study based on the COM‐B model.MethodsIn this qualitative descriptive study, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 22 nurses across 11 cities in the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macao Great Bay Area of China between March and May 2024. The interviews followed a predefined topic guide derived from the COM‐B model. The transcriptions of the interviews were then subjected to deductive thematic analysis.ResultsEleven key themes emerged, which were embedded in three categories of the COM‐B model, including capability (physical and mental health, professional knowledge and skills), motivation (increasing income, sense of fulfilment in nursing work, positive colleague relationships and job stability) and opportunity (management, career development opportunities, work–life balance, prejudice against nursing and workload).ConclusionsThe study provides new perspectives on factors influencing the retention of experienced nurses in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao. The study identified 11 factors that influence nurse retention behaviour, emphasising three distinctive perceptions: the ‘iron rice bowl’, the concept of filial piety and public prejudice towards nursing in Chinese society, which are unique to China compared to other nations. Additionally, it revealed similarities in nurse retention factors across Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao.Implications for the ProfessionTo strengthen nurse retention, it is essential to develop tailored strategies for experienced nurses. Future research should also take social culture into account to enhance retention efforts.Reporting MethodThis study's reporting adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Occurrence of juvenile porbeagle sharks (Lamna nasus) in the northern coast of Spain
Authors: Carrasco‐Puig Pol , Miralles Laura , Colmenero Ana I. , Barría Claudio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOpportunistic records can provide valuable information on certain species, including the critically endangered porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus). This note documents the occurrence of three juveniles, with approximate 120‐, 88‐, and 85‐cm fork lengths respectively, observed along the coast of Asturias, Spain, in 2024. Given the three distinct scenarios in which these records respectively occurred (incidental capture, washed ashore and stranding), they emphasize the role of citizen science in identifying potential threats to this species, particularly in early stages of life, in a region that may be important and previously overlooked.
Spectral absorbance changes in the photoreceptors of the juvenile masked greenling, Hexagrammos octogrammus (Pisces, Hexagrammidae)
Authors: Kondrashev Sergei L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhen changing habitat during migration or ontogenesis, fish encounter changes of the visual environment, among which the most important is the spectral composition of light and turbidity. This leads to changes in the behavior, morphology, and physiology of the visual system, in particular, spectral sensitivity, which is determined by the properties of visual pigments. The masked greenling Hexagrammos octogrammus has an additional factor that shapes effective spectral sensitivity—the presence of densely bright orange cornea which reversibly changes its density depending on the state of light/dark adaptation. However, it is unknown to what extent the properties of visual pigments are matched to spectral properties of the developing cornea at the final stage of metamorphosis during migration of juveniles from pelagic to coastal environments. The findings of this microspectrophotometric study show that the range of the spectral sensitivity of rods and cones in juveniles is much wider than in adults, with a shift in the sensitivity of a significant part of the cells to shorter wavelengths. The reason for this is the large variation in the ratio of chromophores A1:A2 in the pigment mixture in each cell and possible expression of new opsins. This also indicates the asynchrony of pigment transformations in different types of photoreceptors and the incompleteness of these transformations on the eve of the transition to bottom life in shallow water.