bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the spectrum of paediatric mechanical finger and hand trauma seeking acute care
Authors: Gibly R. F. , Shomaker T. , Bompadre V. , Steinman S. E. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose Paediatric hand injuries are a frequent reason for acute medical evaluation. Previous studies have reported only fracture rates, surgical injuries or are limited to database diagnosis coding. The average fracture rates and injury distributions across the hand for all mechanical injuries have not been well-described. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all emergent/urgent care visits over 18 months at a US paediatric tertiary hospital with hand injuries recorded anywhere in the encounter. Patient, injury and encounter details were recorded with additional imaging review, categorized and described. Results A total of 523 patient visits (0.64% of all encounters) were for mechanical hand trauma. The injury mechanism was 42% crush, 19% jammed, 12% impact, 12% fall on outstretched hand, 7% hyperextension and 8% other/unclear. Crush was responsible for 80% of injuries in patients aged 0 to six years old but only 17% in patients aged 13 to 18 years. Crush resulted in fractures only 26% of the time, while other mechanisms were more likely to fracture (33% to 87%). Border digits were injured more often than others (21% to 23% versus 13% to 17%), and were most commonly fractured in the proximal phalanx (57% to 67% versus 22% to 34% for non-border digits). Providers correctly coded for basic fracture presence in 89.1% of injuries, but 53% of codes were not finger or laterality-specific, and only 15% specified a bony segment demonstrating that International Classification of Diseases-9 coding was nonspecific for injury patterns. Conclusion Patients with paediatric hand injuries frequently utilize emergency care and understanding the basic patterns of injury can guide resource utilization and future studies on optimal treatment algorithms in this setting. Level of Evidence IV, Prognostic, Case Series
Implementation of a supervised exercise therapy programme
Authors: Murgitroyd E , Fraser SCA , Hebson A , Lewis DR 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Guidelines for peripheral vascular disease state that supervised exercise therapy (SET) programmes improve walking distance and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication. This paper outlines the steps needed to implement a successful SET programme and discusses some of the challenges. Methods Edinburgh Leisure was approached to coordinate an exercise programme aimed at rehabilitation, run by level 4 members of the Register of Exercise Professionals. It is estimated to be cost effective at 500 referrals compared with physiotherapy referral. Success is measured by walking distance, reduction of symptoms and weight loss. Edinburgh Leisure also measures success with feedback and membership numbers at its health centres. Results Between 4 March 2014 and 25 January 2016, 155 patients were referred to the SET programme with a median age of 68 years (range: 39–95 years) and a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Of these, 117 patients attended and 29 have completed the programme. The mean walking distance increased from 298.5m (range: 150–385m) to 360m (range: 195–482m), an improvement of 20%. Increasing class numbers and venues, and introducing evening classes to make the programme accessible to more patients has addressed initial patient engagement issues. Conclusions Collaboration with motivated local authorities can help implement a successful healthcare intervention. Early analysis is necessary to improve the system and engage as many patients as possible. The SET programme discussed has shown similar results to those of previous studies but is available at no personal cost to regional patients with intermittent claudication.
Using a Functional Analysis Followed by Differential Reinforcement and Extinction to Reduce Challenging Behaviors in Children With Smith-Magenis Syndrome
Authors: Hodnett Jennifer , Scheithauer Mindy , Call Nathan A. , Mevers Joanna Lomas , Miller Sarah J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a genetic disorder, commonly caused by a 17p11.2 deletion, affecting the Retinoic Acid Induced 1 gene. It affects approximately 1 in 25,000 individuals, with over 90% engaging in challenging behaviors. Function-based treatments, using the principles of applied behavior analysis, have consistently been shown to decrease challenging behaviors exhibited by individuals with developmental delays. However, additional research is needed to determine the effects of these interventions with specific diagnostic subsets, including SMS. The current study identified the function of challenging behavior for 2 children with SMS and found a function-based treatment, consisting of differential reinforcement and extinction, reduced challenging behavior for both.
Rural-to-Urban Migration as an Escape from “Harmful Traditional Practices”?: A Study of the Life Stories of Female Household Servants in Addis Ababa
Authors: Shiferaw Abinet , Yosef Dawit , Mihret Melake , Gottowik Volker 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Most of the young women and girls in Addis Ababa who work as household servants, construction workers or prostitutes are migrants from the Amhara region and other parts of North Ethiopia. They have fled from so-called harmful traditional practices, e.g. early marriage, abduction and rape. This article presents the life stories of young women and girls who have escaped to Addis Ababa, where they try to make a living as female household servants. Their struggle for survival in Ethiopia’s capital is documented, but also their will to take control of their own destiny. These life stories illustrate that their decision to leave their family and migrate to Addis Ababa is a subversive act against structural violence and the above mentioned practices. The discussion of these practices makes it clear that early marriage is a reaction of the Amhara region and other parts of North Ethiopia to economic pressures to which this society in turn responds in a cultural specific way. This interplay of economic and socio-cultural elements has triggered a dynamic with unprecedented consequences not only for the female part of the population but for the society as a whole.
Extracellular vesicle-associated miRNAs in ovarian cancer – design of an integrated NGS-based workflow for the identification of blood-based biomarkers for platinum-resistance
Authors: Kuhlmann Jan Dominik , Chebouti Issam , Kimmig Rainer , Buderath Paul , Reuter Michael , Puppel Sven-Holger , Wimberger Pauline , Kasimir-Bauer Sabine 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested as promising biomarkers for blood-based cancer diagnosis. However, one of the major limitations for the use of EVs with diagnostic purpose is the lack of standardized EV-profiling techniques. In this regard, the objective of our study was to design an integrated next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based workflow for analyzing the signature of EV-associated miRNA in the plasma of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients.

Methods
For EV-extraction, different enrichment methods were compared (ExoQuick vs. exoRNeasy). NGS was performed with the Illumina platform.

Results
We established an integrated NGS-based workflow, including EV-enrichment with the ExoQuick system, which resulted in an optimal RNA-yield and consistent small RNA libraries. We applied this workflow in a pilot cohort of clinically documented platinum-sensitive (n=15) vs. platinum-resistant (n=15) ovarian cancer patients, resulting in a panel of mature EV-associated miRNAs (including ovarian cancer associated miR-181a, miR-1908, miR-21, miR-486 and miR-223), which were differentially abundant in the plasma of platinum-resistant patients.

Conclusions
This is the first study, analyzing the profile of EV-associated miRNAs in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer patients. We provide rationale to further validate these miRNA candidates in an independent set of patients, in order to characterize their biomarker potential as predictors for platinum-resistance.
Failure prediction of axi-symmetric cup in deep drawing and expansion processes
Authors: Slota Ján , Šiser Marek , Gajdoš Ivan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Presented work deals with the prediction of the forming limit of food can obtained with deep drawing, reverse drawing and expansion operations. Two commonly used materials of TH330 steel and AA5352 aluminium alloy for packaging can production were studied. Finite element simulation (FEM) is an essential tool in the packaging industry to prevent different sheet metal forming difficulties such as failure under complex nonlinear strain paths and plastic anisotropic earing. In order to characterise the material plastic properties and to specify failure criteria, the uniaxial tensile, hydraulic bulge test, as well as the routines for obtaining forming limit curves were carried out. The input material data required for various material models are also described. Utilisation of advanced material models in numerical simulation require a large number of input data. Prediction of failure location in drawing and expansion of axi-symmetric cups were estimated for each material. The FEM results were verified by real experiments.
Green synthesis and structural characterization of novel N1-substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Shun , Jiang Hong X. , Zhang Hao H. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Novel N1-substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives were synthesized through Biginelli condensation of aromatic aldehydes, β-ketoesters, and monosubstituted (thio)ureas in the presence of copper methanesulfonate at 90°C under solvent-free conditions. The screening of the catalysts showed the copper methanesulfonate was the best. Its catalytic activity remained after three times of use. The products were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, and X-ray single crystal diffraction technique. A reasonable reaction mechanism was proposed.
Structural characteristics of lignin in pruning residues of olive tree (Olea europaea L.)
Authors: Rencoret Jorge , Gutiérrez Ana , Castro Eulogio , del Río José C. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Olive tree pruning (OTP) is an abundant and inexpensive agricultural lignocellulosic residue that is an interesting feedstock for producing bioethanol and other bio-products in the context of lignocellulosic biorefineries. However, the presence of lignin in OTP hinders the transformation processes as it limits the access to cell wall polysaccharides. On the other hand, the aromatic/phenolic structure of the lignin polymer makes it an interesting raw material for producing chemicals, fuels and other commodities that are nowadays produced from fossil fuels. Thus, the knowledge of the OTP lignin structure is crucial to develop tailor-made pretreatments for their removal as well as for additional valorization of the lignin polymer. In this work, the OTP lignin was isolated as milled wood lignin (MWL), a lignin preparation that is considered representative of the native lignin, and characterized by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) and thioacidolysis. The results demonstrated that the lignin is mainly composed of guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) lignin units in similar abundances (S/G ratio of ~1), with minor amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. The most abundant lignin inter-unit linkages are β-O-4′ alkyl-aryl ethers (75% of all linkages), followed by the condensed phenylcoumarans (12%) and resinols (8%), and with lower amounts of dibenzodioxocins (2%) and spirodienones (3%). The analysis of the thioacidolysis dimers gave additional information regarding the distribution of the lignin units involved in condensed interunit linkages, including 5-5′, 4-O-5′, β-5′, β-1′ and β-β′. The high lignin content (25%), together with the relatively low S/G ratio and the abundance of condensed (carbon-carbon linked) structures, points to a low reactivity of OTP lignin during delignification pretreatments.
Crystal structure of N′-(1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)-5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbohydrazide, C18H17N5O2
Authors: Alotaibi Mohammad Hayal , Mohamed Hanan A. , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
C18H17N5O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 20.3702(7) Å, b = 7.3482(2) Å, c = 23.2504(10) Å, β = 106.507(4)°, V = 3336.8(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0571, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1507, T = 296(2) K.
New AB type monomers from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Serum Eric M. , Sutton Catherine A. , Renner Anna C. , Dawn Dyuti , Sibi Mukund P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A series of renewable novel bicyclic AB type polyester precursors have been prepared in good overall yield from lignocellulosic biomass. These advancements take full advantage of the differing oxidation states of functional groups in 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural by chemoselective preparation of furanic hydroxy esters and applying benzyne-Diels–Alder cycloaddition/aromatization strategies.
Direct esterification of phosphinic and phosphonic acids enhanced by ionic liquid additives
Authors: Kiss Nóra Zsuzsa , Keglevich György 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The beneficial combination of microwave (MW) and ionic liquid (IL) additives was exploited in the direct esterification of a series of acyclic phosphinic and phosphonic acids giving rise to phenyl-H-phosphinates/methyl-phenylphosphinates/diphenylphosphinates and phenylphosphonic mono- and diesters, respectively. The latter is the first example for the direct esterification of a phosphonic acid.
The influence of the WC-Co composite microstructure model on stress field heterogeneity at the microstructure level: FEM based study
Authors: Ogierman Witold , Grzegorzek Wojciech 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The paper is devoted to finite element method based study of stress field heterogeneity at microstructure level of two-phase cemented carbides. Special attention is put on investigation of influence of the microstructure model type on the stress field distributions. Two- and three-dimensional models of the microstructures have been generated. Moreover, two different representations of the microstructure have been considered. The first one assumes uniformly distributed cobalt phase forming continuous boundaries between tungsten carbide particles. The second one assumes that the cobalt phase shape and distribution are created in a way that allows for no differentiation of continuous boundaries between tungsten carbide grains. Finite element analyses have been carried out with different microstructure models. The results of the simulations are stress distributions in each phase of the material. Furthermore, a numerical homogenization has been conducted to investigate the phase properties’ influence on the effective elastic constants of the cemented carbide.
The semiotics of common sense: Patterns of meaning-sharing in the semiosphere
Authors: Leone Massimo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThat which is usually called “common sense” is nothing but the complex deposit of implicit cognitive, pragmatic, and emotional rules through which the members of a society interact with each other and, simultaneously, affirm their belonging to the group. This sense is called “common” both because it is current – meaning that it permeates the daily life of the group in all its manifestations – and because it is shared: it is something that belongs to the community as a whole and something through which, at the same time, the members of the community can belong.What is the relation between “sense” and “common sense”? This question is extremely relevant to semiotics, hermeneutics, and the other disciplines and philosophies of interpretation.
Hydrogen Bond Interaction of Ascorbic Acid with Urea: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Peng Peng , Zhang Ping , Ma Huiting , Zhai Cuiping 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The interactions of ascorbic acid (AA) with urea were investigated by using the cyclic voltammetry, density functional theory, atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital analyses. The experimental and theoretical results show that the hydrogen bonds are formed between AA and urea, wherein the mainly interaction sites are the hydrogen atoms on enediol of AA and the oxygen atom on carbonyl of urea. The electrochemical behavior of AA was significantly affected by above interactions.
Le sabotier et le linguiste : un texte oral en parler comtois de Saint-Sauveur (Haute-Saône, France) recueilli par Paul Passy à la fin du XIXe siècle
Authors: Chambon Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to give a philological edition of a short oral text in the oïlic dialect of the Franche-Comté (Saint-Sauveur, Haute -Saône), known through a transcription by Paul Passy (1896). The notes aim towards a detailed explanation of the text’s meaning. A brief linguistic analysis shows how influenced by French is the Saint-Sauveur vernacular. The commentary shows that the informant turns upside down his relationship with the linguist.
Comparison of Various Permeability Methods Applied upon Clay Concretes–Statistical Evaluation
Authors: Solomon F. , Ekolu S. O. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this article, comparison of different permeability test methods was conducted using data obtained from measurements done on clay concretes. Two raw clay types were used as partial cement replacements for up to 40 % clay and employed to prepare 150-mm cubes of clay concretes at 0.70–0.85 water/cementitious ratios. Cylindrical specimens were cored from the cubes and used to conduct permeability measurements. The different permeability methods conducted include triaxial water permeability, air permeability, oxygen permeability, and water penetration. The tests were conducted using various fluid types consisting of air, gas, or water. Statistical analysis techniques were used to evaluate the permeability test methods. In addition, a leaching study was also conducted. It was found that the use of clay in concrete enhanced leaching of calcium, which, in turn, adversely influenced pore parameters and concrete permeability. Of the various tests used, the triaxial water permeability method was the most sensitive technique towards the influence of clay content in concretes, while the water penetration method was least sensitive and perhaps most suited for permeability testing of clay concretes. Of the methods evaluated, only the water penetration method and triaxial water permeability under a non-steady-state condition of testing were found to be interchangeable.
The Transcriptional Regulator SnoN Promotes the Proliferation of Cerebellar Granule Neuron Precursors in the Postnatal Mouse Brain
Authors: Chen Xiaoying , Chanda Ayan , Ikeuchi Yoshiho , Zhang Xiaoqing , Goodman Jared V. , Reddy Naveen C. , Majidi Shahriyar P. , Wu Dennis Y. , Smith Sarah E. , Godec Abigail , Oldenborg Anna , Gabel Harrison W. , Zhao Guoyan , Bonni Shirin , Bonni Azad 
Published: November 2018

Control of neuronal precursor cell proliferation is essential for normal brain development, and deregulation of this fundamental developmental event contributes to brain diseases. Typically, neuronal precursor cell proliferation extends over long periods of time during brain development. However, how neuronal precursor proliferation is regulated in a temporally specific manner remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that conditional KO of the transcriptional regulator SnoN in cerebellar granule neuron precursors robustly inhibits the proliferation of these cells and promotes their cell cycle exit at later stages of cerebellar development in the postnatal male and female mouse brain. In laser capture microdissection followed by RNA-Seq, designed to profile gene expression specifically in the external granule layer of the cerebellum, we find that SnoN promotes the expression of cell proliferation genes and concomitantly represses differentiation genes in granule neuron precursorsin vivo. Remarkably, bioinformatics analyses reveal that SnoN-regulated genes contain binding sites for the transcription factors N-myc and Pax6, which promote the proliferation and differentiation of granule neuron precursors, respectively. Accordingly, we uncover novel physical interactions of SnoN with N-myc and Pax6 in cells. In behavior analyses, conditional KO of SnoN impairs cerebellar-dependent learning in a delayed eye-blink conditioning paradigm, suggesting that SnoN-regulation of granule neuron precursor proliferation bears functional consequences at the organismal level. Our findings define a novel function and mechanism for the major transcriptional regulator SnoN in the control of granule neuron precursor proliferation in the mammalian brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study reports the discovery that the transcriptional regulator SnoN plays a crucial role in the proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors in the postnatal mouse brain. Conditional KO of SnoN in granule neuron precursors robustly inhibits the proliferation of these cells and promotes their cycle exit specifically at later stages of cerebellar development, with biological consequences of impaired cerebellar-dependent learning. Genomics and bioinformatics analyses reveal that SnoN promotes the expression of cell proliferation genes and concomitantly represses cell differentiation genesin vivo. Although SnoN has been implicated in distinct aspects of the development of postmitotic neurons, this study identifies a novel function for SnoN in neuronal precursors in the mammalian brain.
Association between Circulatory and Plaque Resistin Levels with Carotid Plaque Instability and Ischemic Stroke Events
Authors: Jurin Ivana , Paić Frane , Bulimbašić Stela , Rudež Igor , Đerek Lovorka , Jurin Hrvoje , Knežević Aleksandar , Starcevic Boris , Ajduk Marko 
Published: November 2018

ses of ischemic stroke. The risk of ischemic stroke increases with the degree of carotid stenosis and plaque vulnerability. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of circulating and plaque resistin levels with plaque vulnerability and ischemic stroke events in patients with moderate- to high-grade carotid artery stenosis.
Methods: 40 patients with ischemic stroke events and 38 neurologically asymptomatic patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy were recruited for this study. Fasting blood samples for laboratory analysis were collected preoperatively and serum resistin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Carotid endarterectomy specimens were analyzed according to the gold-standard procedure of histological classification. Plaque resistin expression was determined by standard immunohistochemical procedure.
Results: Serum resistin levels and resistin plaque expression were found to be significantly higher in subjects with unstable carotid plaque (P < .001) while significantly higher serum resistin levels were also present in patients with ischemic stroke events (P < .001). In univariate stepwise logistic regression analysis, higher serum resistin levels were significantly associated with plaque instability (OR 2.223, 95% CI 1.488-3.320, P < .0001) and ischemic stroke events (OR 1.237, 95% CI 1.079-1.420, P = .002). There was also a significant association between higher serum and plaque resistin expression (OR 1.663, 95% CI1.332-2.077, P < .0001). These associations remained significant in all models of multivariate logistic regression analysis. High serum and plaque resistin levels were also significantly associated with specific histological features of plaque instability.
Conclusion: The results suggests that serum resistin levels may be used as a potential biomarker of plaque vulnerability and ischemic stroke events in patients with moderate- to high-grade carotid artery stenosis and highlight the possible relationship that plaque resistin expression has with histological features of plaque vulnerability.