bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and acceptability of a motivational interviewing breastfeeding peer support intervention
Authors: Copeland Lauren , Merrett Laura , McQuire Cheryl , Grant Aimee , Gobat Nina , Tedstone Sally , Playle Rebecca , Channon Sue , Sanders Julia , Phillips Rhiannon , Hunter Billie , Brown Amy , Fitzsimmons Deborah , Robling Michael , Paranjothy Shantini 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn uncontrolled study with process evaluation was conducted in three U.K. community maternity sites to establish the feasibility and acceptability of delivering a novel breastfeeding peer‐support intervention informed by motivational interviewing (MI; Mam‐Kind). Peer‐supporters were trained to deliver the Mam‐Kind intervention that provided intensive one‐to‐one peer‐support, including (a) antenatal contact, (b) face‐to‐face contact within 48 hr of birth, (c) proactive (peer‐supporter led) alternate day contact for 2 weeks after birth, and (d) mother‐led contact for a further 6 weeks. Peer‐supporters completed structured diaries and audio‐recorded face‐to‐face sessions with mothers. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of mothers, health professionals, and all peer‐supporters. Interview data were analysed thematically to assess intervention acceptability. Audio‐recorded peer‐support sessions were assessed for intervention fidelity and the use of MI techniques, using the MITI 4.2 tool. Eight peer‐supporters delivered the Mam‐Kind intervention to 70 mothers in three National Health Service maternity services. Qualitative interviews with mothers (n = 28), peer‐supporters (n = 8), and health professionals (n = 12) indicated that the intervention was acceptable, and health professionals felt it could be integrated with existing services. There was high fidelity to intervention content; 93% of intervention objectives were met during sessions. However, peer‐supporters reported difficulties in adapting from an expert‐by‐experience role to a collaborative role. We have established the feasibility and acceptability of providing breastfeeding peer‐support using a MI‐informed approach. Refinement of the intervention is needed to further develop peer‐supporters' skills in providing mother‐centred support. The refined intervention should be tested for effectiveness in a randomised controlled trial.
Dusky dolphin group dynamics and association patterns in Península Valdés, Argentina
Authors: Degrati Mariana , Coscarella Mariano A. , Crespo Enrique A. , Dans Silvana L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe inspected dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) group dynamics in Golfo Nuevo and found differences in social organization between cold and warm seasons. Surveys were conducted onboard a research vessel, from which we collected behavioral observations and group fission‐fusion data from 2001 to 2008; we also collected photo‐identification data from 2004 to 2012. To analyze association patterns, we calculated half‐weight association index (HWI) and social differentiation (S). We conducted a Monte Carlo permutation test to determine whether observed association patterns were significantly different from random association using a compiled version of SOCPROG 2.7. Group fission and fusion dynamics depended on group behavior, the main activity after the groups' fusion was feeding, and they never fission before socializing. The social structure of dusky dolphins included long‐term preferred companions in the cold season; during the warm season, there were no preferred companions. This seasonal difference in social structure could be related to an accompanying shift in foraging behaviors that appears to be driven by changes in prey availability. If so, then a loosening of bonds among individuals during the warm season, when prey is more available, would reflect these social structure changes.
Socio‐economic and health status as a predictor of apical periodontitis in adult patients in Croatia
Authors: Persic Bukmir Romana , Vidas Jelena , Mance Diana , Pezelj‐Ribaric Sonja , Spalj Stjepan , Brekalo Prso Ivana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveA few studies focused on determinants of apical periodontitis other than technical or biological factors. This research aimed to investigate to what extent socio‐economic and health status can predict apical periodontitis in adult patients.Subjects and MethodsThe cross‐sectional study included 599 adult patients. Medical history, health habits and socio‐economic status of each participant were recorded using a self‐administered structured questionnaire. For caries detection, the World Health Organization diagnostic thresholds were used, and oral hygiene level was estimated using plaque index. Periapical index system was used to analyse the periapical status of all teeth. Dental, socio‐economic and health‐related variables were tested against dependent variable (periapical disease ratio) in a multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsDental independent variables explained 71.7% of the observed variation in periapical disease ratio (R2 = 0.717; p < 0.001). Periapical disease ratio increased with the increase in number of carious teeth, plaque index and number of root‐filled teeth, but also with decrease in number of coronal fillings (all p < 0.001). Socio‐economic and health‐related variables accounted for lower portion of variability, 15.5% and 12.9%, respectively (both p < 0.001).ConclusionsDental variables are more important predictors of periapical status than socio‐economic and health‐related variables.
The relationship between electricity consumption, trade openness and economic growth in India
Authors: Ohlan Ramphul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe present study explores the empirical relationship between electricity consumption, trade openness and economic growth in India utilising cointegration tests and Granger causality vector error correction model for the period 1971–2016. The results of ARDL model reveal that the variables are cointegrated. The robustness of the long‐run relationship between variables is confirmed by applying Hatemi‐J cointegration model. The empirical results show that electricity consumption statistically significantly stimulates economic growth in India both in long term and short term. However, the elasticity of economic growth with respect to electricity use is found to be higher in the long term than that of the short term. Furthermore, we find the existence of a long‐term Granger causality flowing from electricity use to economic growth. In addition, the electricity consumption is also commanded by economic growth in the short‐run. As a broad policy implication, India needs to focus on the development of a sustainable mode of electricity production for achieving high economic growth in the years to come.
Contralateral delay activity tracks the storage of visually presented letters and words
Authors: Rajsic Jason , Burton Jane A. , Woodman Geoffrey F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectrophysiological studies have demonstrated that the maintenance of items in visual working memory (VWM) is indexed by the contralateral delay activity (CDA), which increases in amplitude as the number of objects to remember increases, plateauing at VWM capacity. Previous work has primarily utilized simple visual items, such as colored squares or picture stimuli. Despite the frequent use of verbal stimuli in seminal investigations of visual attention and memory, it is unknown whether temporary storage of letters and words also elicit a typical load‐sensitive CDA. Given their close associations with language and phonological codes, it is possible that participants store these stimuli phonologically, and not visually. Participants completed a standard visual change‐detection task while their ERPs were recorded. Experiment 1 compared the CDA elicited by colored squares compared to uppercase consonants, and Experiment 2 compared the CDA elicited by words compared to colored bars. Behavioral accuracy of change detection decreased with increasing set size for colored squares, letters, and words. We found that a capacity‐limited CDA was present for colored squares, letters, and word arrays, suggesting that the visual codes for letters and words were maintained in VWM, despite the potential for transfer to verbal working memory. These results suggest that, despite their verbal associations, letters and words elicit the electrophysiological marker of VWM encoding and storage.
A Data‐Driven Approach to Assessing Supply Inadequacy Risks Due to Climate‐Induced Shifts in Electricity Demand
Authors: Mukherjee Sayanti , Nateghi Roshanak 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe U.S. electric power system is increasingly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of extreme climate events. Supply inadequacy risk can result from climate‐induced shifts in electricity demand and/or damaged physical assets due to hydro‐meteorological hazards and climate change. In this article, we focus on the risks associated with the unanticipated climate‐induced demand shifts and propose a data‐driven approach to identify risk factors that render the electricity sector vulnerable in the face of future climate variability and change. More specifically, we have leveraged advanced supervised learning theory to identify the key predictors of climate‐sensitive demand in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. Our analysis indicates that variations in mean dew point temperature is the common major risk factor across all the three sectors. We have also conducted a statistical sensitivity analysis to assess the variability in the projected demand as a function of the key climate risk factor. We then propose the use of scenario‐based heat maps as a tool to communicate the inadequacy risks to stakeholders and decisionmakers. While we use the state of Ohio as a case study, our proposed approach is equally applicable to all other states.
Mass distribution and skewness for passive scalar transport in pipes with polygonal and smooth cross sections
Authors: Aminian Manuchehr , Camassa Roberto , McLaughlin Richard M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe extend our previous results characterizing the loading properties of a diffusing passive scalar advected by a laminar shear flow in ducts and channels to more general cross‐sectional shapes, including regular polygons and smoothed corner ducts originating from deformations of ellipses. For the case of the triangle and localized, cross‐wise uniform initial distributions, short‐time skewness is calculated exactly to be positive, while long‐time asymptotics shows it to be negative. Monte Carlo simulations confirm these predictions, and document the timescale for sign change. The equilateral triangle appears to be the only regular polygon with this property—all others possess positive skewness at all times. Alternatively, closed‐form flow solutions can be constructed for smooth deformations of ellipses, and illustrate how both nonzero short‐time skewness and the possibility of multiple sign switching in time is unrelated to domain corners. Exact conditions relating the median and the skewness to the mean are developed which guarantee when the sign for the skewness implies front (more mass to the right of the mean) or back (more mass to the left of the mean) “loading” properties of the evolving tracer distribution along the pipe. Short‐ and long‐time asymptotics confirm this condition, and Monte Carlo simulations verify this at all times. The simulations are also used to examine the role of corners and boundaries on the distribution for short‐time evolution of point source, as opposed to cross‐wise uniform, initial data.
Spinoza’s Critique of Humility in theEthics
Authors: Soyarslan Sanem 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn theEthicsSpinoza denies that humility is a virtue on the grounds that it arises from a reflection on our lack of power, rather than a rational understanding of our power (Part IV, Proposition 53, Demonstration). He suggests that humility, to the extent that it involves a consideration of our weakness, indicates a lack of self‐understanding. However, in a brief remark in the same demonstration he also allows that conceiving our lack of power can be conducive to self‐understanding and an increase in power, on the condition that we “conceive [it] because [we] understand [intelligit] something more powerful than [ourselves].” Unfortunately, Spinoza does not flesh out this remark, nor does he specify the name of the affect that arises from thus conceiving our weakness. Commentators have not been much help in this regard either. What does it mean, in the Spinozistic framework, to conceive our weakness because we understand something more powerful than ourselves? And what exactly is the difference between this instance of conceiving our lack of power and the one that is involved in humility? This paper will examine the nature of this difference by analyzing its metaphysical and epistemological underpinnings, as well as its ethical implications within Spinoza’sEthics. In doing so, it will highlight the ethical importance and epistemological conditions of recognizing our weakness in the Spinozistic universe. Abraham Wolf takes Spinoza’s denial of humility’s virtue in theEthicsto imply that “the rational man should think of what hecando, not of what hecannotdo.” While I agree with Wolf’s remark, my reading in this paper will show that as the rational person thinks of her power and what she can do, she never loses sight of her ineliminable weakness as a finite mode.
Kant’s Quasi‐Eudaimonism
Authors: Holberg Erica A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn contrast to eudaimonism, Kant argues that moral reasoning and prudential reasoning are two distinct uses of practical reason, each with its own standard for good action. Despite Kant’s commitment to the ineradicable potential for fundamental conflict between these types of practical reasoning, I argue that once we shift to consideration of a developmental narrative of these faculties, we see that virtuous moral reasoning is able to substantively influence prudential reasoning, while prudential reason should be responsive to such influence. Further, Kant indicates the integration of virtue as a commitment concerning practical priorities, and so too what should and should not agree with the agent, is beneficial for prudential reasoning by prudential reasoning’s own standards. Although Kant’s ethical system breaks from eudaimonism in significant ways, it retains the eudaimonist claim that virtuously‐informed pursuits of happiness are not only better for virtue, but also better for happiness.
What role for human capital in the growth process: new evidence from endogenous latent factor panel quantile regressions
Authors: Kostov Philip , Le Gallo Julie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe estimates for the human capital effect in cross‐country growth regressions have been subject of considerable controversy. We argue that human capital is intrinsically a multidimensional construct. We construct human capital measure by combining available alternative proxies via confirmatory factor analysis. Using panel data endogenous quantile regression methods we analyse the whole conditional growth distribution by simultaneously accounting for the potential endogeneity of human capital and country‐specific effects. Our results conform to theoretical expectations and we are able to demonstrate the beneficial effect of both the measurement approach and the endogeneity correction on the derivation of theoretically consistent estimates.
Development and validation of the algebra teachers’ self‐efficacy instrument: Assessment of algebra teachers’ knowledge and personal teaching efficacy
Authors: Wilkerson Trena L. , Eddy Colleen M. , Quebec Fuentes Sarah , Sorto M. Alejandra , Gupta Dittika , Ward Elizabeth K. , Jasper William A. , Parker Yolanda A. , Mallam Winifred , Cooper Sandra , Kerschen Keith 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is a compelling need to develop an algebra teacher self‐efficacy instrument (ATSEI) as algebra continues to be considered a gatekeeper course for postsecondary educational and career opportunities, which is seen as a crucial piece in closing the achievement gap. This paper reports on the development and validation of the ATSEI, an instrument that measures two domains, Efficacy To Do School Algebra (Knowledge Efficacy, KE‐A) and Efficacy to Teach Algebra (Personal Teaching Efficacy, PTE‐A) along six categories. Four of the categories represented content standards (variables, functions, patterns, and modeling) and two of the categories represented process standards (technology and concrete models, and multiple representations). Through conducting an exploratory factor analysis across two phases, the instrument was reduced and refined from an initial 118 items developed from a curriculum analysis to 36 items that reflected two significant categories, Functions and Technology. The ATSEI measure is validated for in‐service mathematics teachers and thus provides an instrument to examine need and impact in professional development venues. The specificity of the ATSEI allows those working with teachers to be better able to support them in the field and in return positively influence the learning outcomes of the students they teach.
Identification of candidate domestication‐related genes with a systematic survey of loss‐of‐function mutations
Authors: Torkamaneh Davoud , Laroche Jérôme , Rajcan Istvan , Belzile François 
Published: September 2018

SummaryDomestication is an important key co‐evolutionary process through which humans have extensively altered the genomic make‐up and appearance of both plants and animals. The identification of domestication‐related genes remains very arduous. In this study, we present a systematic analytical approach that harnesses two recent advances in genomics, whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) and prediction of loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutations, to greatly facilitate the assembly of an enriched catalogue of domestication‐related candidate genes. Using WGS data for 296 cultivated (Glycine max) and 64 wild soybean accessions, we identified 8699 LOF variants, and 116 genes that are uniquely fixed for one or more LOF allele(s) in domesticated soybeans. Existing soybean transcriptomic data led us to overcome analytical challenges associated with whole‐genome duplications and to identify neo‐ or subfunctionalized genes. This systematic approach allowed us to identify 110 candidate domestication‐related genes in an efficient and rapid way. This catalogue contains previously well characterized domestication genes in soybean, as well as some orthologs from other domesticated crop species. In addition, it comprises many promising candidate domestication genes. Overall, this collection of candidate domestication‐related genes in soybean is almost twice as large as the sum of all previously reported candidate genes in all other crops. We believe this systematic approach could readily be used in wide range of species.
Product quality and sustainability: The effect of international environmental agreements on bilateral trade
Authors: Borsky Stefan , Leiter Andrea , Pfaffermayr Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper addresses the impact of sustainability in production on international trade. In particular, it examines the effect of the International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA) on tropical timber trade. The empirical analysis is based on a gravity equation in a difference‐in‐difference setting, which is estimated by a panel Heckman's selection model. This accounts for the potentially systematic selection of trading partners into timber trade activity. We then conduct a comprehensive comparative static analysis solving the structural gravity model with and without theITTA. This allows us to determine the trade impact of anITTA‐induced increase in sustainability for participating as well as for third countries. We find that countries participating in theITTAexhibit a significant and substantial increase in trade values ranging from 4% to 6%. Furthermore, we observe that this effect is more pronounced for smaller member countries. Non‐ITTAcountries are confronted with reduced values of tropical timber trade flows.
Anatomic site and etiology of hemorrhage in small versus large dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum
Authors: Fleming Jeremy , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Balsa Ingrid M. , Culp William T. N. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Steffey Michele , Epstein Steven E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare anatomic sources and underlying etiology of hemorrhage in small vs large dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum (SH).Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with SH at 2 academic institutions.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for age, breed, sex, weight, and results of imaging, surgery, necropsy, cytology, and histopathology. Dogs were divided according to body weight (≤ 20 kg = small, > 20 kg = large). Confidence intervals were calculated to estimate rates of splenic and hepatic hemorrhage in small and large dog SH populations. Multivariable regression was used to compare prevalence of anatomic sources of hemorrhage and etiology in small vs large dogs.ResultsWe identified 742 dogs with SH, including 637 in which the anatomic site of hemorrhage was investigated. Splenic hemorrhage was diagnosed in 43.2% (95% CI, 34.3‐52.4) of small dogs and 61.3% (95% CI, 57.0‐65.6) of large dogs. Small dogs had lower prevalence of splenic hemorrhage (prevalence ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58‐0.87; P < .001) and higher prevalence of hemorrhage from liver (prevalence ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.20‐2.47; P = .003) or from another location such as retroperitoneal mass, kidney, or adrenal (prevalence ratio, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.66‐4.47; P < .001) vs large dogs. Hemangiosarcoma was associated with splenic hemorrhage and occurred more frequently in large vs small dogs (P = .011).ConclusionSmall dogs had a lower rate of splenic hemorrhage and higher rates of hemorrhage from liver and other sites compared to large dogs. Etiologies other than splenic hemangiosarcoma were common, particularly among dogs weighing ≤ 20 kg.Clinical significanceClinicians should perform diagnostics and consider body size before making presumptive diagnoses in dogs with SH.
Identification of optimal filtration conditions for the management of eutrophic waters by freshwater mussels using response surface methodology
Authors: Choi Hwan‐Seok , Kim Young‐Hyo , Lee Hyuk , Aldridge David C. , Kim Baik‐Ho 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe substantial filtration capacity of freshwater mussels makes them attractive tools for environmental management. In this study, we applied a central composite design to estimate independent variables and establish optimal conditions of filtration rate and faeces production that enhance filtration of suspended organic matter by the freshwater mussel Sinanodonta woodiana. The results indicated that statistical design methodology offers an efficient and feasible approach for identifying optimal conditions for high filtration and low faeces production, using just a small number (30) of individuals. The proposed model equation takes into account the quantitative effect of variables and also the influence of interactions among variables on mussel filtration rate. Under the optimal experimental conditions (mussel size, 13.0 ± 0.2 cm; flow rate, 17.5 L/h), the experimental filtration rate of 4.47 ± 1.82 L/mussel/h showed a degree of correspondence with the predicted value of 8.4 L/mussel/h, which verified the practicability of this optimum strategy. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the context‐specific ecosystem engineering provided by mussels in natural systems, and also provides a framework for optimizing conditions for the applied use of mussels as biological filters.