bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective characterization of seizure semiology and treatment using continuous video‐EEG monitoring in neonatal encephalopathy in Uganda
Authors: Proietti J. , Nanyunja C. , Mathieson S. R. , Duckworth E. , Sadoo S. , Mambule I. , Nakimuli A. , Tann C. J. , Boylan G. B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveNeonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a leading cause of childhood death and disability, particularly in sub‐Saharan Africa. Detection of NE‐related seizures is challenging. We explored NE seizure semiology and management in Uganda.MethodsVideo‐EEG was recorded (days 1–5), seizure semiology reviewed according to ILAE classification and administration of antiseizure medication (ASM) evaluated. Clinicians treated seizures based on the clinical presentation alone.ResultsAmong 50 participants, 52% (26) had EEG‐confirmed seizures; 70% (18) combined electroclinical/electrographic; 4% (1) exclusively electroclinical; 22% (6) electrographic. Of those with electroclinical seizures (19), 42% displayed >1 semiology. Distribution of seizure semiology was; clonic 34% (11); autonomic 24% (8, of which 6 had prolonged ictal apnea); automatisms 18% (6); behavioral arrest 12% (4); and sequential 12% (4). ASM was administered to 64% (32/50). Of those with EEG‐confirmed seizures, only 62% (16/26) received ASM. In the non‐seizure group, 38% (9/24) received ASM during monitoring. ASM was administered 42 times, of which 45% (19) were considered appropriate.SignificanceIn this Ugandan NE population, incidence of seizures was high and clinical manifestations frequent. Clonic, autonomic and automatisms were most common. Clinical management was challenging, with both under and overtreatment evident. Respiratory impairment due to autonomic seizures frequently went unrecognized and is a prominent concern, particularly in settings without neonatal intensive care.
Evolution Law of Stress Field and Pressure Relief Effect of Coal Seam After Drilling
Authors: Yin Yanchun , Yao Chuanru , Han Yueyong , Qiu Yue , Li Changqing , Chen Yang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAs an effective means of coal burst prevention, large‐diameter drilling pressure relief technology have been widely used in coal burst mines in China. Engineering practice shows that drilling pressure relief has obvious time‐effect. Through the establishment of drilling pressure relief numerical model, the evolution law of stress field and plastic zone in different periods after drilling was studied. The evolution of the pressure relief effect of large‐diameter borehole is closely related to the development degree of cracks around the borehole. The stress transfer process after drilling can be divided into the pressure relief beginning stage, rapid pressure relief stage, and pressure stable stage. The pressure relief time effect is affected by borehole parameters. When the diameter increases from 100 to 250 mm, the time required for the stress transfer process is reduced by 50%. When the borehole spacing is reduced from 2 to 0.5 m, the time required for the stress transfer process is reduced by 33.3%. Changing the borehole depth has no significant effect on the stress transfer rate. Therefore, in the coal burst risk roadway, pre‐relief should be carried out to leave sufficient time for large‐diameter boreholes to make pressure relief work.
Reflections on Building an Artificial Intelligence Bot to Prepare Students to Engage in Strategic Conversations During Foresight Fieldwork
Authors: Gonçalves Rui Pedro , Spaniol Matthew J. , Rowland Nicholas J. , Rytter Niels Gorm Malý 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper is primarily based on experientially derived insights about building a bot with artificial intelligence (AI)–in this case, chat generative pre‐trained transformer (ChatGPT)–to prepare students to engage in strategic conversations during foresight fieldwork. The motivation of the exploratory process outlined in this paper is the pedagogical concern of sending students into the field sufficiently prepared to meet the expectations of external stakeholders. The authors explore a in‐class prompt engineering exercise to create a “chief operating bot” (COB) to simulate a C‐suite executive. The student‐faculty team input hand‐selected, industry‐specific, company‐generated documentation, and, after asking ChatGPT to “roleplay” the COO, the student queries this COB in an exploratory fashion embedded in a contained, consequence‐free learning environment. The audience for this paper is faculty responsible for overseeing student engagement experiences like fieldwork, as well as department heads and school deans looking to promote new tools and advance novel applications of AI in their units. The authors explore ways to enhance student readiness for scenario fieldwork based on an exercise drawn from van der Heijden's clairvoyant question, which we refer to colloquially as the “crystal ball thought experiment.” The authors, upon reflection, conclude that the COB can valuably supplement–but not fully replace–face‐to‐face interactions with a COO. Broadly, leveraging AI to create interactive tools like COBs has the potential to transform business education by bridging academic preparation with real‐world demands, enhancing student readiness, advancing AI‐assisted curricula, and contributing to strategic planning and regional development.
Recommendations for Research to Develop a Patient‐Centered Clinical Follow‐Up Protocol for Oral Epithelial Dysplasia
Authors: Güneri Pelin , Bolukbasi Gaye , Ilhan Betul , Epstein Joel B. , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is the primary histological marker for assessing the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to cancer. Despite challenges in grading and low inter‐pathologist reproducibility, OED severity remains the key predictor of malignant transformation. However, globally accepted guidelines for OED monitoring are lacking, despite calls for individualized management based on host and lesion characteristics. The proposed research protocol involves acquiring high‐quality intraoral images, assessing oral hygiene and periodontal status, eliminating chronic mechanical irritation and Candida infections, and applying adjunctive diagnostic methods like toluidine blue staining, optical evaluation, and brush cytology. Tailored follow‐up regimens based on individual risk assessments are emphasized, with frequent monitoring for high‐grade dysplasia or patients at higher risk of progression. Therefore, effective OED management should consider the patient's immune status, dietary habits, and oral microbiota, aiming to develop personalized treatment strategies that optimize patient‐centered care.
Numerical Analysis of the Thermal Performance of a Hybrid Heat Sink Comprised of Perforated Foam Fins Embedded Within a Phase Change Material
Authors: Theeb Ali Hussein F. , Hussain Ihsan Y. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presented a numerical model to evaluate a novel design of a hybrid heat sink incorporating perforated foam fins (PFFs) instead of solid fins (SFs) within a phase change material (PCM). This innovation is designed to enhance thermal performance in electronic cooling applications. The base of the heat sink was subjected to constant heat fluxes of 2, 3, and 4 kW/m2. The effect of the perforation location (top, center, and bottom) within the foam fin and foam porosities (0.85, 0.90, and 0.95) were investigated. The results showed that the hybrid PFF design demonstrably improved thermal efficiency compared to the SF configuration. This innovative approach offered three benefits: a significant reduction in overall heat sink weight, an augmentation of the thermal conductivity of PCM, and the intermixed molten PCM between the fins passages through perforations. The PFF heat sink extended the operational time by 6%–8% for the range of heat fluxes at SPT of 70°C and led to a 24.5% increase in PCM volume, compared to the SF configuration. Complete melting of the PCM in the PFF heat sink is observed at 29 min for the highest heat flux of 4 kW/m2, while the melting rates are 25% and 62% for the applied heat flux of 2 and 3 kW/m2. Perforation location within the foam fin (top, center, and bottom) achieved equivalent heat transfer capabilities, enabling design flexibility for perforation location. The PFF with a porosity of 0.85 demonstrated superior thermal performance.
Geostatistical Interpolation Approach for Improving Flood Simulation Within a Data‐Scarce Region in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Guédé Kanon Guédet , Yu Zhongbo , Hofmeister Florentin , Gu Huanghe , Mohammadi Babak , Chen Xuegao , Lin Hui , Shen Tongqing , Gouertoumbo Willy Franz 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe complex orography of the Tibetan plateau (TP) and the scarcity and uneven spatial distribution of meteorological stations present significant challenges in accurately estimating meteorological variables for hydrological simulations. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of daily precipitation and temperature interpolation for hydrological simulations in the Lhasa River Basin (LRB), particularly during flood events. We evaluate and compare the performance of deterministic Inverse Distance Weighting—IDW and geostatistical (Ordinary Kriging—OK and Kriging with External Drift—KED) interpolation methods for estimating precipitation and temperature patterns. Subsequently, we investigate the influence of different interpolation methods on hydrological simulations by using the interpolated meteorological data as input for the Water Balance Simulation Model (WaSiM) to simulate daily discharge in the LRB. Our results revealed that geostatistical methods, specifically OK and KED, are more effective in capturing the spatial variability and anisotropy inherent in precipitation patterns influenced by the Indian summer monsoons. In addition, the KED method effectively captured the daily variation of the temperature lapse rate, indicating the inadequacy of using a constant lapse rate for hydrological modelling in high‐elevation regions like the TP. The geostatistical technique outperformed the Deterministic method, with KED realising the best temperature and precipitation interpolation performance based on cross‐validation results. However, although KED provides superior results based on cross‐validation performance, applying its precipitation interpolation as input into WaSiM led to the poorest discharge simulation. The combination of OK for precipitation and KED for temperature produced the most accurate discharge simulations in the LRB, highlighting the importance of not solely relying on cross‐validation results but also considering the practical implications of interpolation methods on hydrological model outputs. Our study offers a robust framework for improving flood simulations and water resource management in a data‐scarce, high‐elevation region like the TP.
Environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and esophageal cancer: A population‐based case‐control study in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Jin Zi‐Yi , Liu Kuangyu , Wallar Gina , Zhou Jin‐Yi , Mu Li‐Na , Liu Xing , Li Li‐Ming , He Na , Wu Ming , Zhao Jin‐Kou , Zhang Zuo‐Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEsophageal cancer continues to pose a significant public health issue in areas with increased incidence rates such as China. Although involuntary smoking was defined as a group 1 carcinogen for lung cancer, few studies have explored the impact of environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) on esophageal cancer. In this paper, we examined the association between ETS and esophageal cancer in high‐risk groups in Jiangsu Province, China. Epidemiologic data were collected for 2969 newly diagnosed cases and 8019 population controls including exposure to active/passive smoking and risk factors. The unconditional logistic regression model and the semi‐Bayes (SB) method were applied to assess adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). ETS exposure (ever vs. never) was positively associated with esophageal cancer with an SB‐adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.44 (1.31–1.58) among overall population, and 1.56 (1.35–1.82) among non‐smokers (i.e., non‐active smokers), with corresponding population attributable fractions of 15.0% (95% CI: 10.3%–18.9%) and 12.1% (95% CI: 8.8%–19.8%), respectively. The association was more prominent in men at work and in women at home, with SB‐adjusted OR (95% CI) of 1.36 (1.17–1.58) and 1.61 (1.35–1.58), respectively. A dose–response relationship between ETS exposure and the disease was detected across the entire population as well as in non‐smokers. This is the largest population‐based case–control study of ETS and esophageal cancer and the first study to evaluate such association among non‐smokers in a Chinese population. We recommend strengthening the ongoing anti‐tobacco public health initiatives in China with a particular emphasis on creating a tobacco‐free work/home environment.
Targeting CD36 With EP 80317 Reduces Remote Inflammatory Response to Hind Limb Ischemia‐Reperfusion in Mice
Authors: Elimam Hanan , Gauvin Jade , Huynh David N. , Ménard Liliane , Al‐Hawat Marie‐Lynn , Harb Diala , Lubell William D. , Carpentier André C. , Ong Huy , Marleau Sylvie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTReperfusion of ischemic skeletal muscle triggers oxidative stress and an immediate inflammatory reaction, leading to damage of distant organs such as the lungs. The inflammatory process implicates numerous mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and arachidonic acid metabolites. In the orchestration of the inflammatory cascade, a critical role is played by the cluster of differentiation‐36 receptor (CD36), a scavenger receptor class B protein (SR‐B2) which is expressed on macrophages and functions as a Toll‐like receptor coreceptor. A mouse model of hind limb ischemia‐reperfusion has been used to investigate the interplay between CD36 signaling and remote inflammation: leukocyte recruitment, regulation of the nucleotide‐binding domain leucin‐rich repeat and pyrin‐containing receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and release of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐ĸB) and arachidonic acid metabolites. Levels of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory mediators, and gene expression were measured in blood and lung tissue samples collected from anesthetized mice on which unilateral hind limb ischemia was induced by rubber band constriction for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 3 h. The CD36 modulator EP 80317, a member of the growth hormone releasing peptide 6 family, was employed as a pharmacological agent to mitigate distant lung injury following skeletal limb ischemia‐reperfusion. Targeting CD36 on monocytes/macrophages, EP 80317 abated pro‐inflammatory signaling and transcriptional activity encompassing lipid and cytokine mediators. Targeting CD36 was shown to offer promise for curtailing tissue injury following hind limb ischemia‐reperfusion.
Astaxanthin‐S‐Allyl Cysteine Ester Protects Pancreatic β‐Cell From Glucolipotoxicity by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and mTOR Pathway Dysregulation
Authors: Sakayanathan Penislusshiyan , Loganathan Chitra , Thayumanavan Palvannan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGlucolipotoxicity (GLT) has emerged as established mechanism in the progression of diabetes. Identifying compounds that mitigate GLT‐induced deleterious effect on β‐cells are considered important strategy to overcome diabetes. Hence, in the present study, astaxanthin‐s‐allyl cysteine (AST‐SAC) diester was studied against GLT in β‐cells. Mus musculus pancreatic β‐cell line (βTC‐tet) was treated with high glucose (25 mM; HG) and 95 μM palmitate (PA) for 24 h to induce GLT. AST‐SAC at various concentrations (5, 10, and 15 μg/ml) were treated to understand the protective effect against HG + PA exposure in β‐cells. Under HG + PA exposure conditions oxidative stress, deregulation of mTOR pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are witnessed. AST‐SAC treatment eased oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarization, DNA damage, calcium overload and accumulation of autophagosome against HG + PA exposure conditions thereby protected the cell viability of β‐cells. AST‐SAC maintained the level of proteins involved in mTOR pathway under HG + PA exposure conditions. Also, AST‐SAC treatment has mitigated the increased expression of genes and proteins such as IRE1 and PERK involved in ER stress‐mediated unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways. In correspondence to it, the expression of genes involved in insulin secretion was preserved by AST‐SAC. Due to these protective effects of AST‐SAC the insulin secretion was well‐maintained in β‐cells under HG + PA exposure conditions. AST‐SAC through normalizing antioxidant status and mTOR axis as well as preventing the harmful effect of ER‐stress mediated UPR pathway has promoted the β‐cell survival and insulin secretion against GLT. Simultaneously targeting oxidative stress/mTOR axis/ER stress is required to efficiently overcome GLT in β‐cells.
Global prevalence of anxiety symptoms and its associated factors in older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shafiee Arman , Mohammadi Ida , Rajai Shahryar , Jafarabady Kyana , Abdollahi Abolfazl 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to determine the global prevalence of anxiety symptoms in older adults and explore the associated factors contributing to anxiety symptoms in this population. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple electronic databases to identify relevant studies published up to 27 February 2023. A total of 17 articles met the inclusion criteria. The global prevalence of anxiety symptoms among older adults was 28%. Subgroup analyses indicated the continent, and the assessment tools significantly affect the overall prevalence. The associated factors identified encompassed sociodemographic, health‐related, and psychosocial domains, with the female gender, physical comorbidities, and low social support and social isolation being the most reported associated factors for anxiety in each domain. The findings of this systematic review and meta‐analysis provide valuable insights into the global prevalence of anxiety symptoms in this population and the associated factors contributing to its occurrence.
Factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with maple syrup urine disease in a tertiary government hospital: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Avila Christine Mae S. , Abacan Mary Ann R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aims to determine the factors associated with mortality and neurodevelopmental morbidity in patients with Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) seen at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines during a 10‐year period. The medical records of patients diagnosed with MSUD seen at Philippine General Hospital (PGH) from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed. Socioeconomic, healthcare, and clinical factors were determined. The association of these factors with mortality and neurodevelopmental morbidity (developmental delay and seizures) was evaluated through statistical analysis. Seventy‐five records of MUSD cases were available for review. Fifty‐five percent of patients had developmental delay and 57% had seizures. Mortality rate was 25%. Age at collection of newborn screening (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.60, p = 0.022) and the number of metabolic crisis in a year (OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.5–19.0, p = 0.008) were significantly associated with increased mortality. Male sex (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.06–7.26, p = 0.037) and dietary non‐compliance (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.48–4.42, p = 0.001) were associated with increased developmental delay. Age above 5 years (OR 6.5, 95% CI 1.15–36.57, p = 0.034) and nosocomial infections (OR 6.96, 95% CI 1.33–36.53, p = 0.022) were associated with occurrence of seizures. In conclusion, among our cohort of MSUD patients, the age at collection of newborn screening and the number of metabolic crises annually were associated with increased mortality. Male sex, dietary non‐compliance, and nosocomial infections were associated with increased neurodevelopmental morbidity.
Research Progress and Applications of Benzocyclobutene‐Based Functional Polymers
Authors: Wang Qi , Xie Meng , He Yan , Xue Rui , Guo Jin , Fu Wenxin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBenzocyclobutene (BCB) stands out as a compound of remarkable structural distinction, featuring a thermodynamically stable benzene ring coupled with a kinetically dynamic four‐membered ring. This unique structure allows for ring‐opening reactions under specific conditions, leading to the formation of crosslinking products. The primary initiation for the ring‐opening of the four‐membered ring in BCB is heat, although mechanical stress and light exposure can also trigger this transformation. This ability has catapulted it to prominence in the field of polymer material development. It has spurred the creation of a vast array of polymers that incorporate BCB groups either in their main chains or side chains, showcasing BCB's extensive applicability as a crosslinking agent. Additionally, BCB‐based polymers (BCB polymer) exhibit a suite of desirable properties, such as exceptional dielectric characteristics, chemical and thermal resilience, minimal thermal expansion, and low moisture uptake. These attributes render them particularly suitable for a range of applications, including electronic packaging, silicon‐based photonic integration, flat panel display technology, biomedical devices, and beyond. This paper delves into the various methods of inducing ring‐opening crosslinking in BCB, summarizes the recent advancements in performance enhancement of BCB polymer materials, and examines their wide applications in different fields.
Copolymerization of CO2 and Cyclohexene Oxide in the Presence of Functional Transfer Agents Provides Telechelic Polycarbonates: Synthesis of CO2‐Containing Macromonomers and Macroinitiators
Authors: Chiarcos Riccardo , Sparnacci Katia , Antonioli Diego , Carroccio Sabrina Carola , Curcuruto Giusy , Po Riccardo , Biagini Paolo , Losio Simona , Laus Michele 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOne possible way to store the excess CO2 present in atmosphere is to use it as a reagent for the synthesis of commodities. In particular, CO2 and epoxides can be copolymerized to produce a large variety of polycarbonates which appear very promising in various application fields. Further, the addition of an appropriate transfer agent in the reaction mixture promotes the formation of telechelic polycarbonates which can be used where specific functional polymers are necessary. In this work, (hydroxyethyl) methacrylate and 2‐hydroxyethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate species are exploited as transfer agents in the copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide, in the presence of a macrocyclic phenolate dimagnesium catalyst. The effect of the transfer agent concentration on the polycarbonate characteristics is evaluated. Finally, the obtained telechelic polycarbonates are used as macromonomers and macroinitiators in the synthesis of statistical and block copolymers.