bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of wastewater treatment by Chlorella sorokiniana and comparison with activated sludge
Authors: Fan Jie , Cao Liang , Gao Cheng , Chen Yue , Zhang Tian C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Characteristics of Chlorella sorokiniana treating wastewater with consideration of HRT (6 d, 16 h, 8 h), hydraulic conditions, light or dark culture were evaluated and compared with activated sludge. Results showed that optimal HRT was 8 h; if longer, effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4+-N in the dark began to rebound. Mixing was beneficial to COD removal of algae, while aeration was suitable for nutrient removal. Growth of C. sorokiniana in the light was mixotrophic growth and 1.3–1.7 times more than that of dark heterotrophic growth. The maximum specific growth rate (µmax), productivity, and biomass yields on COD (YCOD), N (YNH4), P (YP) of algae were higher in the light than that in the dark. COD assimilation capacity of algae was similar to activated sludge but with different dynamics. N and P assimilation capacity of algae was 1.4, 1.2–2.5 times more than activated sludge; N and P removal efficiency of algae was 5%–10%, 10%–55% respectively higher than activated sludge. This study confirmed the advantage of algae over activated sludge and reveal why algae could assist the activated sludge process.
Okul Yöneticilerinin Yönetsel ve Sanal Kaytarma Davranışları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Kurun Mehmet , Çobanoğlu Fatma 
Published: September 2019

Okulların amaçlarına
ulaşabilmesi, okul yöneticilerinin kendilerine verilen görevleri yerine
getirebilmelerini sağlayacak yönetsel davranışları sergilemelerine bağlıdır.
Ancak teknolojide yaşanan gelişmeler, okul yöneticilerinin yönetsel
davranışları sergilemelerini kolaylaştırmanın yanı sıra bu davranışları
engelleyebilecek sanal kaytarma davranışlarına da neden olabilmektedir. Bu
araştırmada, okul yöneticilerinin yönetsel davranışları ve sanal kaytarma
davranışlarını gösterme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi
amaçlamıştır. İlişkisel tarama modelinde yürütülen araştırmanın örneklemini,
Denizli ili Tavas ilçesinde görev yapan 41 okul müdürü ve 433 öğretmen
oluşturmuştur. Sanal Kaytarma Ölçeği ve Uluslararası Öğretme ve Öğrenme
Araştırmasında (TALIS) geliştirilen
Yönetsel Davranışlar Ölçeği ile toplanan verilerin analizinde, normal dağılım
göstermesi nedeniyle parametrik test kullanılmıştır. Ancak grup
karşılaştırmalarında eleman sayısının 30’un altında olduğu durumlarda
nonparametrik testler kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları incelendiğinde,
okul yöneticilerinin öğretmenlerin algılarına kıyasla daha fazla yönetsel
davranışları sergilediklerini düşündükleri ve okul yöneticilerinin “çok az”
düzeyde sanal kaytarma davranışlarında bulundukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Ayrıca, hem okul yöneticisi hem de öğretmen algılarına göre okul
yöneticilerinin, yönetimsel liderlik davranışlarını, öğretimsel liderlik
davranışlarına göre daha fazla sergiledikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Okul
yöneticilerinin yönetsel ve sanal kaytarma davranışlarına ilişkin algıları
farklı değişkenler açısından farklılık göstermezken, öğretmen algılarının
öğretmenlerin görev yaptıkları okul türüne göre farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Son
olarak, öğretmen algılarına göre okul yöneticilerinin yönetsel davranışları
sergileme düzeyleri ile sanal kaytarma davranışları gösterme düzeyleri arasında
herhangi bir ilişkinin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Due to Stent Underexpansion Managed with Coronary Lithoplasty
Authors: Tripolino Cesare , Tassone Eliezer Joseph , Morabito Gaetano , Grillo Placido , Missiroli Bindo 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Coronary calcified lesions may limit optimal stent deployment resulting in
stent underexpansion, increasing the risk of thrombosis. The Shockwave Lithoplasty System, a new
technology combining a balloon angioplasty catheter with the use of sound waves, it is able to break
calcium deposits without affecting vascular soft tissue.

Case Presentation:
An 80-year-old Caucasian man with ST elevation myocardial infarction
underwent emergent coronary angiography showing complete intrastent thrombosis at the proximal
trait of LAD. After thrombus removal, it was evident that stent under-expansion at its proximal edge
was caused by vascular calcification. Coronary shockwave lithoplasty was chosen to treat this lesion.
After calcium deposits disruption we were able to obtain complete stent expansion.

Conclusion:
Our case demonstrates the usefulness and safety of the lithoplasty system in the context
of ST elevation myocardial infarction.
Usefulness of CSF Biomarkers in Predicting the Progression of Amnesic and Nonamnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ortega Ricard L. , Dakterzada Farida , Arias Alfonso , Blasco Ester , Naudí Alba , Garcia Francisco P. , Piñol-Ripoll Gerard 
Published: September 2019

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of Alzheimer’s disease Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) biomarkers in predicting the progression to dementia in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).Methods:One hundred and thirteen patients were consecutively recruited from April 2012 to April 2014. Measurement of CSF biomarkers (amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau)) and a neuropsychological evaluation were performed for all patients. We categorized patients with MCI as A+A- and N+N- based on the presence/absence of amyloid pathology and neurodegeneration, respectively.Results:Of 72 patients with MCI, 26 (36%) progressed to dementia. These patients had lower CSF Aβ42 levels and higher p-tau and t-tau levels at baseline. The proportion that progressed to dementia was 14.3% (2/14), 36.8% (7/19), 66.7% (4/6) and 75% (12/16) in the A-N-, A+N-, A-N+ (SNAP), and A+N+ patients, respectively (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the probability of progression from amnestic MCI (aMCI) to AD between the A+N+ and A-N- patients (OR = 8.1, 95% CI 1.5-42.3, p = 0.001) but not between SNAP (OR = 7.3, 95% CI 0.9-61, p = 0.02) or A+N- (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 0.4 to 10.4, p = 0.15) patients compared to the A-N- subgroup. None of the biomarker profiles of the subgroups predicted the time until the progression to AD.Conclusion:The use of CSF AD biomarkers in clinical practice improves the certainty of diagnosis and prognosis of patients, especially in patients in the prodromal phase or in patients with atypical presentations.
The Analysis of the Effects of Executive Functions, Working Memory and Other Factors on Medication Adherence in Elderly Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Overactive Bladder Symptoms
Authors: Kosilov Kirill , Kuzina Irina , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Kosilova Liliya , Ivanovskaya Marina , Kosilova Ekaterina 
Published: September 2019

Aim:
Evaluation of the executive function and working memory influence, as well as the
general state of memory, on adherence to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and overactive bladder
symptoms treatment in elderly men.

Background:
The influence of the executive function and working memory on treatment adherence
in older men with BPH has not been studied enough.

Objective:
To determine the level of influence of various factors on the treatment adherence in
older men with BPH.

Method:
The executive function and working memory evaluation, as well as a general memory
assessment, were carried out using the Wisconsin Test, the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the California
Verbal Test. Hierarchical and simultaneous regressions were calculated to study the effect of
executive function and working memory.

Result:
After the end of the study, the symptoms of hyperactive bladder significantly decreased,
the symptoms of evacuation did not change significantly, and the cognitive status of the patients
remained unchanged. The predictor variables significantly influencing adherence of elderly men to
BPH and overactive bladder (OAB) treatment are executive function and working memory composite
(β = .33, p & lt; .05), severe symptoms of lower urinary tract (-.34, p & lt; .05), and age
(-.27, p & lt; .05).

Conclusion:
The status of executive function and working memory, as well as the age and severity
of the pathological symptoms of the lower urinary tract, should be taken into account when predicting
the risks of rejecting BPH and OAB treatment in elderly patients.
Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Isotherms Studies for Sorption of Direct Dye onto the Pectinase Pre-treated Jute Yarn
Authors: Zolriasatein Ali Akbar 
Published: September 2019

Background & Objective:
In this paper, jute yarns were bio-treated with pectinase
enzyme. Then, the untreated and bio-treated yarns were dyed with Direct Yellow 24. The biotreated
jute yarn showed higher dye sorption compared to that of untreated jute yarn.

Methods:
The sorption isotherms were fitted with the Nernst, Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin
and BET models. At all temperatures studied, the experimental data were better described
with the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic parameters such as a change in free energy
(ΔG0), the enthalpy (ΔH0), and the entropy (ΔS0) were also evaluated. The values of ΔH0 and
ΔG0 indicated that the sorption of direct dye onto jute yarn was a physical sorption process.
Furthermore, the sorption process was exothermic and spontaneous.

Results:
The results indicated that bio-treated jute yarn was more favorable (1/n < 1) for the
sorption of direct dye as compared to that of untreated jute yarn (1/n > 1).

Conclusion:
Among the kinetic models studied, it was found that the pseudo second-order
kinetic model was the best model to describe the sorption process of Direct Yellow 24 onto
the bio-treated and untreated jute yarns.
Benefits of Blockchain Initiatives for Value-Based Care: Proposed Framework
Authors: Zhang Rongen , George Amrita , Kim Jongwoo , Johnson Veneetia , Ramesh Balasubramaniam 
Published: September 2019

Background
The potential of blockchain technology to achieve strategic goals, such as value-based care, is increasingly being recognized by both researchers and practitioners. However, current research and practices lack comprehensive approaches for evaluating the benefits of blockchain applications.

Objective
The goal of this study was to develop a framework for holistically assessing the performance of blockchain initiatives in providing value-based care by extending the existing balanced scorecard (BSC) evaluation framework.

Methods
Based on a review of the literature on value-based health care, blockchain technology, and methods for evaluating initiatives in disruptive technologies, we propose an extended BSC method for holistically evaluating blockchain applications in the provision of value-based health care. The proposed method extends the BSC framework, which has been extensively used to measure both financial and nonfinancial performance of organizations. The usefulness of our proposed framework is further demonstrated via a case study.

Results
We describe the extended BSC framework, which includes five perspectives (both financial and nonfinancial) from which to assess the appropriateness and performance of blockchain initiatives in the health care domain.

Conclusions
The proposed framework moves us toward a holistic evaluation of both the financial and nonfinancial benefits of blockchain initiatives in the context of value-based care and its provision.
Use of Health Apps by Nurses for Professional Purposes: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Mayer Miguel Angel , Rodríguez Blanco Octavi , Torrejon Antonio 
Published: September 2019

Background
In the last few years, the number of mobile apps for health professionals has increased exponentially. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge about the professional use, training requirements, and quality perception of these apps among health care professionals such as nurses. Considering that the nursing profession is the largest segment of health care workforce in many countries such as Spain, the impact of the use of health apps by these professionals can be critical to the future of modern health care.

Objective
The main objective of this study was to determine if nurses were using health apps professionally and what types of apps they were using. The secondary objectives were (1) to find out if, among nurses, there is a need for training in the use of health apps and (2) to explore nurses’ perceptions of health professional apps, determining whether there is a need for a certification process for health apps and the type of institution or organization that should review and validate these apps for professional use.

Methods
After an initial piloting survey, all registered nurses at the Nursing Association of Barcelona were invited to participate in a 34-item online survey. Eventually, 1293 nurses participated in the survey; however, 52 did not complete the survey properly, omitting both age or gender information, and they were excluded from the analysis.

Results
About half of the respondents (600/1241, 48.35%) had health professional apps installed on their devices and were included for analysis. Most participants in the survey were women (474/600, 79.0%) and the remaining were men (126/600, 21.0%). The most popular types of apps used and installed among nurses were related to drug information, health calculators, and health guidelines. Overall, 97.0% (582/600) of nurses thought that the health apps should be certified, and 80.0% (480/600) agreed that the certification process should be carried out by professional or health institutions. Furthermore, 14.5% (87/600) of participants mentioned that they were asked by their patients to prescribe a health app and only 6.5% (28/430) recommended them often. Most nurses (354/433, 81.8%) who answered the question about the importance of receiving specific training on using and prescribing health apps considered this point a very relevant issue.

Conclusions
About half of the nurses in Catalonia use health apps for professional purposes, and they believe that these types of tools should be validated and certified by health or professional institutions before using them in clinical environments. Although the prescription of health apps in clinical environments is infrequent among nurses, they would be willing to prescribe apps if they were certified by a health organization. Finally, among nurses, there is a need for training in using and prescribing health apps for health care purposes.
Assessing the Appeal of Instagram Electronic Cigarette Refill Liquid Promotions and Warnings Among Young Adults: Mixed Methods Focus Group Study
Authors: Laestadius Linnea I , Penndorf Kendall E , Seidl Melissa , Cho Young I 
Published: September 2019

Background
While marketing for electronic cigarette refill liquids (e-liquids) is widespread on Instagram, little is known about the post elements that create appeal among young adult Instagram users. Further information is needed to help shape regulatory strategies appropriate for social media.

Objective
This study examined young adult Instagram user perceptions of actual e-liquid marketing posts and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–mandated nicotine addiction warning statements on Instagram.

Methods
A series of 12 focus groups (n=69) were held with non–tobacco users, vapers, smokers, and dual users in Wisconsin between September and December 2018. Participants discussed the elements of posts that they found appealing or unappealing, in addition to completing a survey about each post and e-liquid. Focus group transcripts were analyzed by smoking status using a framework analysis approach.

Results
Although willingness to try e-liquids was highest among nicotine users, focus group discussions indicated that Instagram posts promoting e-liquids held appeal for individuals across smoking statuses. The primary elements that created appeal were the perceived trustworthiness of the Instagram account, attractive design and flavor visuals, and promotion of flavors and nicotine levels that met personal preferences. Post appeal was reduced by references to vaping subcultures, indicators that the post creator did not take nicotine addiction seriously, and FDA-mandated nicotine warning statements. Non–tobacco users were particularly drawn to posts featuring nicotine-free e-liquids with attractive visual designs and flavors known from foods.

Conclusions
Young adults consider a broad range of elements in assessing the appeal of e-liquid marketing on Instagram, with minor but notable distinctions by smoking status. Non–tobacco users are uniquely drawn to nicotine-free e-liquids and are more deterred by the FDA’s mandated nicotine addiction warning statements than those from other smoking statuses. This suggests that it may be possible to tailor policy interventions in a manner that helps to reduce novel uptake of vaping without significantly diminishing its potential harm-reduction benefits.
The Impact of Biomarker Screening and Cascade Genetic Testing on the Cost-Effectiveness of MODY Genetic Testing
Authors: GoodSmith Matthew S. , Skandari M. Reza , Huang Elbert S. , Naylor Rochelle N. 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE
In the U.S., genetic testing for maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is frequently delayed because of difficulty with insurance coverage. Understanding the economic implications of clinical genetic testing is imperative to advance precision medicine for diabetes. The objective of this article is to assess the cost-effectiveness of genetic testing, preceded by biomarker screening and followed by cascade genetic testing of first-degree relatives, for subtypes of MODY in U.S. pediatric patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used simulation models of distinct forms of diabetes to forecast the clinical and economic consequences of a systematic genetic testing strategy compared with usual care over a 30-year time horizon. In the genetic testing arm, patients with MODY received treatment changes (sulfonylureas for HNF1A- and HNF4A-MODY associated with a 1.0% reduction in HbA1c; no treatment for GCK-MODY). Study outcomes included costs, life expectancy (LE), and quality-adjusted life years (QALY).

RESULTS
The strategy of biomarker screening and genetic testing was cost-saving as it increased average quality of life (+0.0052 QALY) and decreased costs (−$191) per simulated patient relative to the control arm. Adding cascade genetic testing increased quality-of-life benefits (+0.0081 QALY) and lowered costs further (−$735).

CONCLUSIONS
A combined strategy of biomarker screening and genetic testing for MODY in the U.S. pediatric diabetes population is cost-saving compared with usual care, and the addition of cascade genetic testing accentuates the strategy’s benefits. Widespread implementation of this strategy could improve the lives of patients with MODY while saving the health system money, illustrating the potential population health benefits of personalized medicine.
Atrial Fibrillation – An Orchestra of Classic and Modern Risk Factors
Authors: Balan Alkora Ioana , Scridon Alina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Over the past years, prevention and control of risk factors has begun to play an important role in the management of patients prone to develop atrial fibrillation (AF). A considerable number of risk factors that contribute to the creation of a predisposing substrate for AF has been identified over the years. Although certain AF risk factors such as age, gender, genetic predisposition, or race are unmodifiable, controlling modifiable risk factors may represent an invaluable tool in the management of AF patients. In the recent decades, numerous studies have evaluated the mechanisms linking different risk factors to AF, but the exact degree of atrial remodeling induced by each factor remains unknown. Elucidating these mechanisms is essential for initiating personalized therapies in patients prone to develop AF. The present review aims to provide an overview of the most relevant modifiable risk factors involved in AF occurrence, with a focus on the mechanisms by which these factors lead to AF initiation and perpetuation.
QSPR Analysis of certain Distance Based Topological Indices
Authors: Shirakol Shailaja , Kalyanshetti Manjula , Hosamani Sunilkumar M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In QSAR/QSPR study, topological indices are utilized to guess the bioactivity of chemical compounds. In this paper, we study the QSPR analysis of selected distance and degree-distance based topological indices. Our study reveals some important results which help us to characterize the useful topological indices based on their predicting power.
Intersecting semi-disks and the synergy of three quadratic forms
Authors: Ionaşcu Andrew D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we study the Diophantine equation x
2 = n
2 + mn + np + 2mp with m, n, p, and x being natural numbers. This equation arises from a geometry problem and it leads to representations of primes by each of the three quadratic forms: a
2 + b
2, a
2 + 2b
2, and 2a
2 − b
2. We show that there are infinitely many solutions and conjecture that there are always solutions if x ≥ 5 and x ≠ 7; and, we find a parametrization of the solutions in terms of four integer variables.
Generalizations of Steffensen’s inequality via two-point Abel-Gontscharoff polynomial
Authors: Pečarić Josip , Pribanić Anamarija Perušić , Kalamir Ksenija Smoljak 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Using two-point Abel-Gontscharoff interpolating polynomial some new generalizations of Steffensen’s inequality for n−convex functions are obtained and some Ostrowski-type inequalities related to obtained generalizations are given. Furthermore, using the Čebyšev functional some new bounds for the remainder in obtained generalizations are proven and related Grüss-type inequalities are given.
Estimates of the Laplacian Spectrum and Bounds of Topological Invariants for Riemannian Manifolds with Boundary
Authors: Sabatini Luca 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We set out to obtain estimates of the Laplacian Spectrum of Riemannian manifolds with non-empty boundary. This was achieved using standard doubled manifold techniques. In simple terms, we pasted two copies of the same manifold along their common boundary thereby obtaining a Riemannian manifold with empty boundary and with a C
0
−metric. This made it possible to adapt some estimates of the spectrum dependent on the volume or genus of the manifold as calculated in recent years by several authors. In order to extend further estimates that depend on the curvature, it is necessary to regularize the metric of the doubled manifold so that the new metric is isometric to that of each copy and such that the curvature has a finite lower bound. Controlling the curvature in this way also makes estimates of topological invariants available.