bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors, trends, and long-term outcomes for stroke patients returning to work: The South London Stroke Register
Authors: Sen Arup , Bisquera Alessandra , Wang Yanzhong , McKevitt Christopher J , Rudd Anthony G , Wolfe Charles D , Bhalla Ajay 
Published: March 2019

Background and purpose There is limited information on factors, trends, and outcomes in return to work at different time-points post-stroke; this study aims to identify these in a multi-ethnic urban population. Methods Patterns of return to work were identified in individuals in paid work prior to first-ever stroke in the population-based South London Stroke Register (SLSR) between 1995 and 2014. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between patient characteristics and return to work at 1 year (1 y), 5 years (5 y) and 10 years (10 y) post-stroke. Results Among 5609 patients, 940 (17%) were working prior to their stroke, of whom 177 (19%) were working 3 months post-stroke, declining to 172 (18%) at 1 y, 113 (12%) at 5 y, and 27 (3%) at 10 y. Factors associated with return to work within 1 y, after logistic regression, included functional independence (BI ≥ 19; p < 0.01) and shorter length of stay ( p < 0.05). Younger age ( p < 0.01) was associated with return to work at 5 y and 10 y post-stroke. Non-manual occupation ( p < 0.05) was associated with return to work at 10 y post-stroke. Return to work within 1 y increased the likelihood of working at 5 y (OR: 13.68; 95% CI 5.03–37.24) and 10 y (9.07; 2.07–39.8). Of those who were independent at follow-up (BI ≥ 19), 48% were working at 1 y, 42% at 5 y, and 28% at 10 y. Lower rates of anxiety and depression and higher self-rated health were associated with return to work at 1 y ( p < 0.01). Conclusion Although functionally independent stroke survivors are more likely to return to work long-term, a large proportion do not return to work despite functional independence. Return to work post-stroke is associated with improved long-term psychological outcomes and quality of life.
The effects of incremental ulnar styloid osteotomies on distal radioulnar joint stability: a biomechanical cadaveric study
Authors: Cheema Adnan N. , Dardas Agnes Z. , Hast Michael W. , Gray Benjamin L. 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to systematically quantify distal radioulnar joint stability with a cadaveric model, using radiographic and joint contact force measurements. Six fresh-frozen cadavers underwent sequential ulnar styloid osteotomies. Posteroanterior and lateral stress radiographs were obtained and joint contact forces and areas were measured. Posteroanterior radiographs showed a significant increase in the distal radioulnar joint gap after osteotomy of the base of the ulnar styloid. Contact force and contact area measurements were not significantly different. We conclude that fractures that involve the ulnar styloid base should be considered for operative fixation when carrying out open reduction and internal fixation of fractures of the distal radius.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi among febrile patients at Karamara Hospital, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Admassu Dawit , Egata Gudina , Teklemariam Zelalem 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi among febrile patients at Karamara Hospital, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 febrile patients presumptive of enteric fever ( Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi) at Karamara Hospital from 15 February to 20 March 2016. Venous blood was collected, cultured, and biochemical tests were performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for each isolate using modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. Results: The overall prevalence of enteric fever ( Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi) was 11%. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (7%) was higher than Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi (4%). The odds of having enteric fever were higher among the study participants aged 31–45 years and with previous history of enteric fever. Most of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates were sensitive to tetracycline (78.6%), gentamycin (64.3%), and ceftriaxone (64%), while most of the isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi were sensitive to tetracycline (100%), gentamycin (100%), and ciprofloxacin (62.5%). All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Multidrug resistances were found among most of the isolates. Conclusion: A high prevalence of enteric fever and drug resistance to most commonly prescribed antimicrobials were observed in this study. Those of old age with previous history of enteric infection were more affected by enteric fever. Health information should be given about the transmission, prevention of enteric fever, and antimicrobial use. The treatment of enteric fever should be supported by antimicrobial susceptibility tests in the study areas.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and incident end-stage renal disease in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease: results from the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (C-STRIDE)
Authors: Yuan Qiongjing , Wang Jinwei , Peng Zhangzhe , Zhou Qiaoling , Xiao Xiangcheng , Xie Yanyun , Wang Wei , Huang Ling , Tang Wenbin , Sun Danni , Zhang Luxia , Wang Fang , Zhao Ming-Hui , Tao Lijian , He Kevin , Xu Hui ,   C-STRIDE study group
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to end-stage renal failure and cardiovascular events. An attribute to these progressions is abnormalities in inflammation, which can be evaluated using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). We aimed to investigate the association of NLR with the progression of end stage of renal disease (ESRD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in Chinese patients with stages 1–4 CKD.

Methods
Patients with stages 1–4 CKD (18–74 years of age) were recruited at 39 centers in 28 cities across 22 provinces in China since 2011. A total of 938 patients with complete NLR and other relevant clinical variables were included in the current analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the association between NLR and the outcomes including ESRD, CVD events or all-cause mortality.

Results
Baseline NLR was related to age, hypertension, serum triglycerides, total serum cholesterol, CVD history, urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), hyperlipidemia rate, diabetes, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The study duration was 4.55 years (IQR 3.52–5.28). Cox regression analysis revealed an association of NLR and the risk of ESRD only in patients with stage 4 CKD. We did not observe any significant associations between abnormal NLR and the risk of either CVD or all-cause mortality in CKD patients in general and CKD patients grouped according to the disease stages in particular.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that NLR is associated with the risk of ESRD in Chinese patients with stage 4 CKD. NLR can be used in risk assessment for ESRD among patients with advanced CKD; this application is appealing considering NLR being a routine test.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03041987. Registered January 1, 2012. (retrospectively registered) (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03041987?term=Chinese+Cohort+Study+of+Chronic+Kidney+Disease+%28C-STRIDE%29&rank=1)
Organizing rural-urban migration of young workers: roles of labor market institutions in postwar Japan
Authors: Sugayama Shinji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Japanese economy’s industrial and occupational structure changed drastically during the high growth period. These structural changes were strongly influenced by the flow of junior high school graduates from rural to urban areas. Between 1955 and 1964, six million fifteen-year-old boys and girls entered the labor market immediately on completing compulsory education, with 30–40% of that total leaving their home prefectures to find jobs nationwide. What made it possible for masses of young workers to find employment on graduation from junior high school? This paper addresses that issue, and sheds light on the critical roles of graduate work placement by public institutions, in particular the nationwide network of Public Employment Security Offices (PESOs) working in cooperation with junior high schools. After looking at the history of graduate work placement from 1925 to 1950, the paper outlines the postwar development of the job placement system and explains the mechanisms used by the employment security administration to organize the rural-urban migration of young workers. Success was, however, achieved at the cost of freedom of occupational choice to which young workers should be entitled by rights. It is argued that an appraisal of the roles of the labor market institutions is no easy matter, since the advantages are intimately interwoven with the disadvantages.
Extremism and common mental illness: cross-sectional community survey of White British and Pakistani men and women living in England
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , Otis Michaela , Silva Maria Joao , Halvorsrud Kristoffer , Freestone Mark , Jones Edgar 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundMental illnesses may explain vulnerability to develop extremist beliefs that can lead to violent protest and terrorism. Yet there is little evidence.AimsTo investigate the relationship between mental illnesses and extremist beliefs.MethodPopulation survey of 618 White British and Pakistani people in England. Extremism was assessed by an established measure of sympathies for violent protest and terrorism (SVPT). Respondents with any positive scores (showing sympathies) were compared with those with all negative scores. We calculated associations between extremist sympathies and ICD-10 diagnoses of depression and dysthymia, and symptoms of anxiety, personality difficulties, autism and post-traumatic stress. Also considered were demographics, life events, social assets, political engagement and criminal convictions.ResultsSVPT were more common in those with major depression with dysthymia (risk ratio 4.07, 95% CI 1.37–12.05, P = 0.01), symptoms of anxiety (risk ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.15, P = 0.002) or post-traumatic stress (risk ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, P = 0.003). At greater risk of SVPT were: young adults (<21 versus ≥21: risk ratio 3.05, 95% CI 1.31–7.06, P = 0.01), White British people (versus Pakistani people: risk ratio 2.24, 95% CI 1.25–4.02, P = 0.007) and those with criminal convictions (risk ratio 2.23, 95% CI 1.01–4.95, P = 0.048). No associations were found with life events, social assets and political engagement.ConclusionDepression, dysthymia and symptoms of anxiety and post-traumatic stress are associated with extremist sympathies.
Nonclassical GH Insensitivity: Characterization of Mild Abnormalities of GH Action
Authors: Storr Helen L , Chatterjee Sumana , Metherell Louise A , Foley Corinne , Rosenfeld Ron G , Backeljauw Philippe F , Dauber Andrew , Savage Martin O , Hwa Vivian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGH insensitivity (GHI) presents in childhood with growth failure and in its severe form is associated with extreme short stature and dysmorphic and metabolic abnormalities. In recent years, the clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of GHI and other overlapping short stature syndromes have rapidly expanded. This can be attributed to advancing genetic techniques and a greater awareness of this group of disorders. We review this important spectrum of defects, which present with phenotypes at the milder end of the GHI continuum. We discuss their clinical, biochemical, and genetic characteristics. The objective of this review is to clarify the definition, identification, and investigation of this clinically relevant group of growth defects. We also review the therapeutic challenges of mild GHI.
Risk Stratification in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: From Detection to Final Follow-Up
Authors: Tuttle R Michael , Alzahrani Ali S 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Context
Modern management of differentiated thyroid cancer requires individualized care plans that tailor the intensity of therapy and follow-up to the estimated risks of recurrence and disease-specific mortality.

Design
This summary is based on the authors’ knowledge and extensive clinical experience, supplemented by review of published review articles, thyroid cancer management guidelines, published staging systems, and original articles identified through a PubMed search, which included terms such as risk stratification, staging, clinical outcomes, and differentiated thyroid cancer.

Main Outcome Measures
In the past, risk stratification in differentiated thyroid cancer usually referred to a static estimate of disease-specific mortality that was based on a small set of clinicopathological features available within a few weeks of completing initial therapy (thyroidectomy, with or without radioactive iodine). Today, risk stratification is a dynamic, active process used to predict the appropriateness for minimalistic initial therapy, disease-specific mortality, risk of recurrence, and the most likely response to initial therapy. Rather than being a static prediction available only after initial therapy, modern risk stratification is a dynamic, iterative process that begins as soon as a suspicious nodule is detected and continues through final follow-up.

Conclusions
Dynamic risk assessment should be used to guide all aspects of thyroid cancer management, beginning before a definitive diagnosis is made and continuing through the final follow-up visit.
Stiffness of prostate gland measured by transrectal real-time shear wave elastography for detection of prostate cancer: a feasibility study
Authors: Ji Yonghao , Ruan Litao , Ren Wei , Dun Guoliang , Liu Jianxue , Zhang Yaoren , Wan Qinyun 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the value of the Young’s modulus obtained by transrectal real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) for detection of prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods:
215 patients underwent SWE in six identical planes before biopsy guided with transrectal ultrasonography. The Young’s modulus of the entire prostate gland was defined as the mean of the results in these planes. The measurements were compared with the pathological results, the prostate specific antigen (PSA), and the Gleason score (GS) after biopsy.

Results:
The Young’s modulus of elasticity, including the maximum Young’s modulus (Emax), the mean Young’s modulus (Emean), and the minimum Young’s modulus (Emin), were significantly higher in malignant lesions than those in benign lesions (all p &lt; 0.05). The optimal cut-off values for PCa were 128.48 kPa, 62.27 kPa, and 20.03 kPa, respectively. The sensitivities were 77.88%, 81.42%, and 60.18%, respectively, and the specificities were 85.33%, 74.51 and 63.73 %, respectively. PSA positively correlated with Emax and Emean (r = 0.686 and 0.678, respectively), as did the GS (r = 0.410 and 0.382, respectively).

Conclusion:
The Young’s modulus of entire prostate gland can be used to differentiate benign from malignant prostatic lesions. There were higher Young’s modulus of elasticity and higher risk of malignant lesions. Meanwhile, higher Young’s modulus correlated with higher PSA and GS.

Advances in knowledge:
This study indicates SWE can detect PCa by quantified the stiffness of entire prostate gland whether the lesions have been visible or not on gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound.
Body composition, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and obesity: the paradigm of fat (re)distribution
Authors: Ponti Federico , Plazzi Andrea , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Marchesini Giulio , Bazzocchi Alberto 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The amount of lean and fat tissues in different body compartments is likely to drive the cardiovascular risk. The longitudinal effects of changes of lean and fat mass, particularly following weight loss programs, cannot be reliably identified by the sole measurement of anthropometry. We discuss this problem on the basis of data collected in obese females with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), anthropometry and laboratory. Methods: We present longitudinal data in six obese females (three pairs—weight stable, weight loss, weight increase) assigned to a medical treatment. All patients underwent whole-body scan (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare, WI) and laboratory analysis (blood fasting glucose, total low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides) before treatment and after 12 months. Fat mass and non-bone lean mass were assessed at whole-body and regional levels. Android visceral adipose tissue was estimated by a recently validated software. Results: The most common anthropometric measures (body mass index, waist circumference) were totally ineffective in documenting the changes in body composition in 12 month follow-up, whereas DXA could detect regional changes, which were paralleled in part by changes in biochemical indices. Conclusion: Serial DXA measurements could provide a comprehensive assessment of body compartments, independent of changes in classic anthropometry (body mass index and waist circumference), identifying a significant redistribution of lean and fat mass and providing clues to explain changes in cardiovascular risk profile.
Relationship between symptomatic lower limb peripheral artery disease and calcified carotid artery plaque detected on panoramic images of neurologically asymptomatic males
Authors: Tran Hoang-Anh , O'Connell Jessica B , Lee Urie K , Polanco John C , Chang Tina I , Friedlander Arthur H 
Published: March 2019

Objective: Males with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are at high risk of ischaemic stroke given that atherogenic risk factors for both diseases are similar. We hypothesized that neurologically asymptomatic males diagnosed with PAD would demonstrate calcified carotid artery plaques (CCAP) on panoramic images (PI) significantly more often than similarly aged males not having PAD. Methods: Investigators implemented a retrospective cross-sectional study. Subjects were male patients over age 50 diagnosed with PAD by ankle-brachial systolic pressure index results of [Formula: see text]0.9. Controls negative for PAD had an ankle-brachial systolic pressure index > 0.9. Predictor variable was a diagnosis of PAD and outcome variable was presence of CCAP. Prevalence of CCAP amongst the PAD+ patients was compared to prevalence of CCAP among PAD- patients. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed and p-value was set at 0.05. Results: Final sample size consisted of 234 males (mean age 72.68 ± 9.09); 116 subjects and 118 controls. Among the PAD+ cohort, CCAP+ prevalence rate (57.76%) was significantly (p = 0.001) greater than the CCAP+ rate (36.44%) of the PAD- (control). There was no significant difference in atherogenic “risk factors” in the PAD+ cohort between CCAP+ and CCAP– subjects. Conclusion: We demonstrated that CCAP, a “risk factor” for future stroke and “risk indicator” of future myocardial infarction is seen significantly more often detected on the PIs of older male patients with PAD than among those without. Dentists treating patients with PAD must be uniquely vigilant for the presence of CCAPs on their patients’ PI.
PANDANGAN TAMĀM HASSĀN TENTANG ‘ĀMIL DALAM ILMU NAHWU
Authors: Basith Abdul 
Published: March 2019

In Arabic Linguistics, Nahwu or Arabic Syntax has established for centuries. However, its complexities make the modern Arabic linguists re-formulate it so that it can be comprehended better by the native and speakers of Arabic as a second language. One of those linguists is Tamâm Hassân, who put Arabic language in a more (al-manhaj alwashfi) established position by perfecting its phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantic. His view over ‘âmil as a central theme and pillar in Arabic syntax or Nahwu reformulates the Arabic syntax by using descriptive approach (al-manhaj al-washfi). This makes Nahwu become more comprehensible.
SRUKTUR LISĀN ARAB: Memahami Pengertian Al-Qur`an sebagai Lisān ‘Arabiy
Authors: Sugiyono Sugeng 
Published: March 2019

The speculation on the fact that Quranic language consists of 'ajam or non-Arab languages as well as dialects (lahjah, qira’āt) has been an issue on the matter of Quranic language. Yet, the Koran confirms itself that it was revealed as “lisānin arabiyyin mubīnin”. This paper aims at describing the terminology. It can be concluded that “Lisān Araby” is a mixture of Arabic eastern and western dialects. The nonArabic languages (‘ajam) have adapted the Arabic pattern and structure thus they has fused with Arabic, known as lahjah or Quraish dialects.
ARABISASI (TA‘RIB) DALAM BAHASA ARAB (Tinjauan Deskriptif-Historis)
Authors: Malik Abdul 
Published: March 2019

As a responsive agent, language changes and adapts in accordance with the development of civilization. So does Arabic language. As the adaptation mechanism (ta‘rib), Arabic language has gone through some changes. New words emerge. Some words are formed from the language itself and some are from others. This study aims to focus on ta‘ri> b or Arabization of foreign words and its process. The periodic stages of this process are observed through the historical point of view while the phenomenon of the ongoing. Arabization is discussed through a descriptive analysis. The paper initially is discussing the loan words (dakhil) and formation words, along with the definition promoted by linguists about ta‘rib. Contemporary examples are exposed as a comparison.
PENTINGNYA FAKTOR KOMUNIKASI DALAM PROGRAM KARTU JAKARTA PINTAR (KJP) PADA SEKOLAH DASAR (SD) NEGERI DI KOTA ADMINISTRASI JAKARA TIMUR
Authors: Pertiwi Yoani Mega , Yuniningsih Tri 
Published: March 2019

Pada penilitian ini regulasi yang dijadikan pedoman yaitu Peraturan Gubernur No. 174 Tahun 2015 tentang Bantuan Biaya Personal Pendidikan Bagi Peserta Didik dari Keluarga Tidak Mampu Melalui Kartu Jakarta Pintar (KJP). Fenomena yang menarik untuk diteliti berkaitan dengan faktor komunikasi dalam Program Kartu Jakarta Pintar yang selama ini belum optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis tentang pentingnya faktor komunikasi dalam Program Kartu Jakarta Pintar Pada Sekolah Dasar (SD) Negeri di Kota Administrasi Jakara Timur serta memberikan rekomendasi kepadaa mplementor. Penelitian ini bertipe deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara sebagai data primer. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari kepustakaan, media elektronik, dan sumber lain yang dapat dijadikan sumber informasi. Masukan yang diberikan yaitu UPT P6O perlu memperbaiki kerjasama dengan pihak sekolah dengan mengadakan sosialisasi rutin secara berkala, menjalin kerjasama dengan pihak swasta, melaksanakan koordinasi dan sinkronisasi dengan seluruh instansi atau SKPD terkait, pihak sekolah harus aktif mensosialisasikan tentang segala informasi KJP, membuat peraturan bahwa pembelian barang yang menggunakan dana KJP hanya bisa digunakan di koperasi sekolah agar mudah dalam mengontrol penggunaan dana, pihak sekolah perlu memperketat pengawasan dan bersikap tegas atas segala pelanggaran yang terjadi pada peserta didik penerima dana bantuan.