bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Evaluation of Allometry, PopulationPharmacokinetics,andPhysiologically‐Based Pharmacokineticsfor Pediatric Dosing Using Clearance as a Surrogate
Authors: Wu Qier , Peters Sheila Annie 
Published: February 2019

Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models are increasingly applied for pediatric dose selection along with traditional methods such as allometry and population pharmacokinetic models. We report a retrospective evaluation of the three methods. Pediatric population pharmacokinetic models sourced from literature for a subset of eight compounds were used to predict clearances for children < 2 years when they were within the modeled age range (interpolation,N = 11) or including those outside the modeled age range (interpolation and extrapolation,N = 18). Pediatric/adult clearance ratios were evaluated with a strict performance criterion of 0.8–1.25 and with twofold criteria. For children > 2 years, 58–75% of the clinical studies (N = 10) met the strict criteria, and > 80% of the clinical studies were predicted within twofold by all three methods. For children < 2 years,physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic, allometry with age‐dependent exponents, and pediatric population pharmacokinetic models predict 54%, 82%, and 64% within twofold of the observed, respectively.
A density functional theory study of the free‐radical scavenging activity of aminoguanidine. Comparison with its reactive carbonyl compound and metal scavenging activities
Authors: Ramis Rafael , Casasnovas Rodrigo , Mariño Laura , Frau Juan , Adrover Miquel , Vilanova Bartolomé , Mora‐Diez Nelaine , Ortega‐Castro Joaquin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince protein glycation is related to several human diseases, it is very important to develop molecules that can inhibit its effects. This work adds the reaction of Aminoguanidine (AG) with the methoxy (˙OCH3) and hydroperoxyl (˙OOH) radicals at the UM05‐2X‐SMD/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory in water and pentyl ethanoate to simulate the physiological aqueous and lipidic environments. At physiological pH, AG is an effective ˙OCH3 and a moderate ˙OOH scavenger in nonpolar solvents (where AG is predominantly neutral), acting exclusively by hydrogen‐atom transfer. However, reactions in a polar solvent (where AG is predominantly cationic) have smaller rate constants. Therefore, the ability of AG to scavenge free radicals seems to depend on the polarity of the environment. Taken together, the results reported herein and in previous works suggest that the scavenging of reactive carbonyl species is the main mechanism of action of aminoguanidine in the context of protein glycation inhibition.
Niobium‐Based Oxides Toward Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage: Recent Advances and Challenges
Authors: Deng Qinglin , Fu Yanpeng , Zhu Changbao , Yu Yan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNiobium‐based oxides including Nb2O5, TiNbxO2+2.5x compounds, M–Nb–O (M = Cr, Ga, Fe, Zr, Mg, etc.) family, etc., as the unique structural merit (e.g., quasi‐2D network for Li‐ion incorporation, open and stable Wadsley– Roth shear crystal structure), are of great interest for applications in energy storage systems such as Li/Na‐ion batteries and hybrid supercapacitors. Most of these Nb‐based oxides show high operating voltage (>1.0 V vs Li+/Li) that can suppress the formation of solid electrolyte interface film and lithium dendrites, ensuring the safety of working batteries. Outstanding rate capability is impressive, which can be derived from their fast intercalation pseudocapacitive kinetics. However, the intrinsic poor electrical conductivity hinders their energy storage applications. Various strategies including structure optimization, surface engineering, and carbon modification are effectively used to overcome the issues. This review provides a comprehensive summary on the latest progress of Nb‐based oxides for advanced electrochemical energy storage applications. Major impactful work is outlined, promising research directions, and various performance‐optimizing strategies, as well as the energy storage mechanisms investigated by combining theoretical calculations and various electrochemical characterization techniques. In addition, challenges and perspectives for future research and commercial applications are also presented.
Comparison of aerial survey methods for elk in Arizona
Authors: Bristow Kirby D. , Clement Matthew J. , Crabb Michelle L. , Harding Larisa E. , Rubin Esther S. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTElk (Cervus canadensis) populations in Arizona, USA, have historically been managed using estimates of relative abundance. Recent questions related to the influence of large wildfires, habitat alterations, and predator–prey relations have increased the demand for absolute estimates of elk abundance. Between 2014 and 2016, we conducted experimental helicopter surveys of selected areas to compare several methods designed to model elk detection and estimate abundance. We conducted annual autumn helicopter surveys in 3 areas that contained radiocollared elk, and recorded information on covariates affecting both detection (i.e., vegetative cover, vegetation type, burn category, group size, activity, and ambient light) and observer bias (i.e., observer position, pilot experience). We used information theory to rank a set of candidate a priori models to determine which covariates affected detection and select the most parsimonious models among sightability, double‐observer, and hybrid modeling methods. We then used the top model from each method, as well as a simultaneous double‐count method, to calculate annual site‐specific elk abundance estimates for comparison with concurrent mark–recapture abundance estimates, which we assumed best represented the true population size. The best supported models included all detection covariates, with the influence of covariates on elk detection generally adhering to expectations. Relative to mark–recapture estimates, the best performing hybrid model generally provided abundance estimates that were more accurate than double‐observer models and more precise than sightability models. The most economical methods to implement were the simultaneous double‐count and double‐observer methods because these methods did not require model development or presence of marked animals, but they occasionally appeared to provide biased and overly precise abundance estimates. Although the hybrid model required substantial cost to develop, our results suggest that our hybrid model now provides the most cost‐efficient and accurate implementation option for estimating elk abundance in similar habitats and under similar conditions in Arizona. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Who Receives More Help? The Role of Employer Support in Migration Processes
Authors: Sandoz Laure , Santi Fabian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResearch on migration usually focusses on the role of states in defining the “wanted” migrants who receive facilitated access to specific national territories. However, many countries apply a demand-driven admission policy in which employers play a central role in selecting candidates for migration. This article investigates the role of employers in the Migration-Mobility Nexus by analysing the relocation support they provide to different groups of migrants. We use a mixed-method approach based on a qualitative analysis of ethnographic data and a quantitative analysis of the Migration-Mobility Survey to observe who has more power to negotiate advantageous relocation conditions and in this sense represents a more “wanted” migrant for profit-oriented actors. Via a logistic regression model, we show that, all other variables being equal, employers tend to favour highly qualified men from Anglo-Saxon countries, whereas non-single women and people of West African and Portuguese origins have a much lower probability of receiving support from their employer. This article adds to the literature on the construction of migrant categories by showing that highly qualified men from rich Anglo-Saxon countries are actively given the possibility to become “expats”, whereas people with similar levels of qualification and experience but with a different gender, nationality or background have fewer opportunities to access employers’ support and migrate. In this sense, the very notion of “expat” is a construction that reflects power relations at a global level.
Does the Recognition of Foreign Credentials Decrease the Risk for Immigrants of Being Mismatched in Education or Skills?
Authors: Pecoraro Marco , Wanner Philippe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is evidence that immigrants experience difficulties in finding a job that matches their human capital endowment upon arrival in the host country. Based on data from the Migration-Mobility Survey 2016, our empirical analysis has two goals. First, it measures the incidence of educational and skills mismatches among different groups of recent immigrants according to their origin and status of foreign credential recognition. Second, it investigates whether the recognition of foreign qualification improves access to the labour market by reducing the risk of being mismatched in education or skills. Results show that recent migrants face the lowest risk of educational and skills mismatches when holding a Swiss diploma or having obtained recognition of foreign credentials. Although our analytical approach does not allow us to identify causal relationships, credential recognition seems to play a beneficial role in the immigrants’ assimilation process.
Management of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Pugh Dan , Gallacher Peter J. , Dhaun Neeraj 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly prevalent condition globally and is strongly associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypertension is both a cause and effect of CKD and affects the vast majority of CKD patients. Control of hypertension is important in those with CKD as it leads to slowing of disease progression as well as reduced CVD risk. Existing guidelines do not offer a consensus on optimal blood pressure (BP) targets. Therefore, an understanding of the evidence used to create these guidelines is vital when considering how best to manage individual patients. Non-pharmacological interventions are useful in reducing BP in CKD but are rarely sufficient to control BP adequately. Patients with CKD and hypertension will often require a combination of antihypertensive medications to achieve target BP. Certain pharmacological therapies provide additional BP-independent renoprotective and/or cardioprotective action and this must be considered when instituting therapy. Managing hypertension in the context of haemodialysis and following kidney transplantation presents further challenges. Novel therapies may enhance treatment in the near future. Importantly, a personalised and evidence-based management plan remains key to achieving BP targets, reducing CVD risk and slowing progression of CKD.
GeneMatch: A novel recruitment registry using at‐home APOE genotyping to enhance referrals to Alzheimer's prevention studies
Authors: Langbaum Jessica B. , Karlawish Jason , Roberts J. Scott , Wood Elisabeth M. , Bradbury Angela , High Nellie , Walsh Trisha L. , Gordon David , Aggarwal Raj , Davis Peter , Stowell Carter , Trisko Lane , Langlois Carolyn M. , Reiman Eric M. , Tariot Pierre N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecruitment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention research studies is challenging because of lack of awareness among cognitively healthy adults coupled with the high screen fail rate due to participants not having a genetic risk factor or biomarker evidence of the disease. Participant recruitment registries offer one solution for efficiently and effectively identifying, characterizing, and connecting potential eligible volunteers to studies.MethodsIndividuals aged 55‐75 years who live in the United States and self‐report not having a diagnosis of cognitive impairment such as MCI or dementia are eligible to join GeneMatch. Participants enroll online and are provided a cheek swab kit for DNA extraction and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping. Participants are not told their APOE results, although the results may be used in part to help match participants to AD prevention studies.ResultsAs of August 2018, 75,351 participants had joined GeneMatch. Nearly 30% of participants have one APOE4 allele, and approximately 3% have two APOE4 alleles. The percentages of APOE4 heterozygotes and homozygotes are inversely associated with age (P < .001).DiscussionGeneMatch, the first trial‐independent research enrollment program designed to recruit and refer cognitively healthy adults to AD prevention studies based in part on APOE test results, provides a novel mechanism to accelerate prescreening and enrollment for AD prevention trials.
Nociceptive Primitive Reflexes in Neurologically and Cognitively Healthy Aging Subjects
Authors: Camarda Cecilia , Torelli Paola , Pipia Carmela , Azzarello Delia , Battaglini Iacopo , Sottile Gianluca , Cilluffo Giovanna , Camarda Rosolino 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Background:To assess the prevalence of three nociceptive primitive reflexes (nPR), i.e., glabellar tap, snout reflex, and palmomental reflex, in neurologically and cognitively healthy (NCH) aging subjects.Objective:To investigate whether nPR are cross-sectionally associated with white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, atrophy of the caudate nuclei, and global brain atrophy.Methods:A total of 1246 NCH subjects aged 45–91 years were included in the study and underwent standard brain MRI. Atrophy of the caudate nuclei and global brain atrophy were assessed through the bicaudate ratio (BCr) and lateral ventricles to brain ratio (LVBr), respectively. WMH were assessed through visual rating scales. Lacunes were also rated. Association of nPR with vascular risk factors/diseases and imaging findings was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.Results:nPR were exhibited by 33.1% of subjects and increased with age. Subjects with nPR performed less than subjects without nPR in tests evaluating global cognition, executive functions, attention, and language. Snout reflex was the most common nPR, followed by glabellar tap and palmomental reflex. Glabellar tap was associated with parieto-temporal WMH, BCr, and LVBr; snout reflex was associated with frontal lacunes, temporal WMH, BCr, and LVBr; palmomental reflex was associated with parieto-occipital WMH, basal ganglia lacunes, BCr, and LVBr.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that in NCH aging individuals, nPR are associated with WMH, lacunes, BCr, and LVBr and are probably a warning sign of incipient cognitive decline. Therefore, NCH subjects presenting nPR should manage their vascular risk factors/vascular diseases rigorously in order to prevent or delay progression of small vessel disease, and future neurological and cognitive disabilities.
Lynching and the Politics of State Formation in Post-Revolutionary Puebla (1930s–50s)
Authors: Kloppe-Santamaría Gema 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA number of scholars have analysed lynching in Latin America as a response to the recent upsurge in insecurity and crime in the region. This article turns our attention to historical and deeper socio-political undercurrents behind this practice. Drawing on several cases of lynching that took place in post-revolutionary Puebla, the article argues that, rather than signalling state absence, the occurrence of lynching expressed communities’ reactions towards a state presence that was perceived as intrusive and illegitimate. It furthermore shows that lynchings emulated the brutality and visibility of extralegal forms of violence perpetrated by public officials at the local level.
Individual differencesv.the average patient: mapping the heterogeneity in ADHD using normative models
Authors: Wolfers Thomas , Beckmann Christian F. , Hoogman Martine , Buitelaar Jan K. , Franke Barbara , Marquand Andre F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present paper presents a fundamentally novel approach to model individual differences of persons with the same biologically heterogeneous mental disorder. Unlike prevalent case-control analyses, that assume a clear distinction between patient and control groups and thereby introducing the concept of an ‘average patient’, we describe each patient's biology individually, gaining insights into the different facets that characterize persistent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsUsing a normative modeling approach, we mapped inter-individual differences in reference to normative structural brain changes across the lifespan to examine the degree to which case-control analyses disguise differences between individuals.ResultsAt the level of the individual, deviations from the normative model were frequent in persistent ADHD. However, the overlap of more than 2% between participants with ADHD was only observed in few brain loci. On average, participants with ADHD showed significantly reduced gray matter in the cerebellum and hippocampus compared to healthy individuals. While the case-control differences were in line with the literature on ADHD, individuals with ADHD only marginally reflected these group differences.ConclusionsCase-control comparisons, disguise inter-individual differences in brain biology in individuals with persistent ADHD. The present results show that the ‘average ADHD patient’ has limited informative value, providing the first evidence for the necessity to explore different biological facets of ADHD at the level of the individual and practical means to achieve this end.
Integrating mental health and disaster preparedness in intervention: a randomized controlled trial with earthquake and flood-affected communities in Haiti
Authors: James Leah Emily , Welton-Mitchell Courtney , Noel John Roger , James Alexander Scott 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundGiven the frequency of natural hazards in Haiti, disaster risk reduction is crucial. However, evidence suggests that many people exposed to prior disasters do not engage in disaster preparedness, even when they receive training and have adequate resources. This may be partially explained by a link between mental health symptoms and preparedness; however, these components are typically not integrated in intervention.MethodsThe current study assesses effectiveness of an integrated mental health and disaster preparedness intervention. This group-based model was tested in three earthquake-exposed and flood-prone communities (N= 480), across three time points, using a randomized controlled trial design. The 3-day community-based intervention was culturally-adapted, facilitated by trained Haitian lay mental health workers, and focused on enhancing disaster preparedness, reducing mental health symptoms, and fostering community cohesion.ResultsConsistent with hypotheses, the intervention increased disaster preparedness, reduced symptoms associated with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and functional impairment, and increased peer-based help-giving and help-seeking. Mediation models indicated support for the underlying theoretical model, such that the effect of the intervention on preparedness was mediated by mental health, and that effects on mental health were likewise mediated by preparedness.ConclusionsThe community-based mental health-integrated disaster preparedness intervention is effective in improving mental health and preparedness among community members in Haiti vulnerable to natural hazards. This brief intervention has the potential to be scaled up for use with other communities vulnerable to earthquakes, seasonal flooding, and other natural hazards.
An Elusive Legacy: The Rediscovery of Roman Baths in Eighteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Savani Giacomo 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I investigate how eighteenth-century antiquarians engaged with the remains of Roman bath buildings in Britain and discuss their multifaceted attitude towards the ancient practice of bathing, with a focus on the city of Bath. I also examine the interests and priorities of Georgian scholars in studying Roman baths and their structure, highlighting their sometimes uncritical use of Classical sources and tracking the origins of their misconceptions regarding the components and function of these facilities. Finally, I briefly address the elusive socio-cultural legacy of Roman baths and bathing in eighteenth-century Britain, stressing influences and differences in practice and architecture.
Protective factors that buffer against the intergenerational transmission of trauma from mothers to young children: A replication study of angels in the nursery
Authors: Narayan Angela J. , Ippen Chandra Ghosh , Harris William W. , Lieberman Alicia F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis replication study examined protective effects of positive childhood memories with caregivers (“angels in the nursery”) against lifespan and intergenerational transmission of trauma. More positive, elaborated angel memories were hypothesized to buffer associations between mothers’ childhood maltreatment and their adulthood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms, comorbid psychopathology, and children's trauma exposure. Participants were 185 mothers (Mage = 30.67 years,SD= 6.44, range = 17–46 years, 54.6% Latina, 17.8% White, 10.3% African American, 17.3% other; 24% Spanish speaking) and children (Mage = 42.51 months;SD= 15.95, range = 3–72 months; 51.4% male). Mothers completed the Angels in the Nursery Interview (Van Horn, Lieberman, & Harris, 2008), and assessments of childhood maltreatment, adulthood psychopathology, children's trauma exposure, and demographics. Angel memories significantly moderated associations between maltreatment and PTSD (but not depression) symptoms, comorbid psychopathology, and children's trauma exposure. For mothers with less positive, elaborated angel memories, higher levels of maltreatment predicted higher levels of psychopathology and children's trauma exposure. For mothers with more positive, elaborated memories, however, predictive associations were not significant, reflecting protective effects. Furthermore, protective effects against children's trauma exposure were significant only for female children, suggesting that angel memories may specifically buffer against intergenerational trauma from mothers to daughters.