bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headaches Through a Woman's Life
Authors: Bushman Elisa T. , Varner Michael W. , Digre Kathleen B. 
Published: March 2018

Importance
Headaches affect women across their life span, with menses, pregnancy, and menopause being times that pose unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The correct diagnosis and treatment of headache can prevent unnecessary interventions, the worsening of chronic headache disorders, and complications of secondary headaches.

Objective
The objective of this article is to educate women's health care providers about the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of headache during menses, pregnancy, the puerperium, and menopause to improve the quality of care for women with chronic and acute headache.

Evidence Acquisition
Current articles were reviewed addressing headache during menses, pregnancy, the postpartum period, and menopause. Articles with the highest level of evidence were compiled in this article to provide a summary of recommendations.

Results
Multiple diagnostic and therapeutic options for chronic and acute headache are available for women regardless of their stage in life or comorbidities.

Conclusions and Relevance
The effects of headaches span a woman's life span, with puberty and menopause being times of increased frequency. Pregnancy is an at-risk time for women to develop secondary headache disorders. All women's health care providers should know how to screen for, diagnose, and treat headache at all stages of a woman's life. Effective treatment options are available for acute and chronic headache both during and outside pregnancy.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to define the differences between primary and secondary headache disorders, interpret the differential diagnosis and treatment of menstrual-related migraines, analyze the diagnosis and treatment of headache in pregnancy, educate patients about secondary headaches in the postpartum period, discuss headache prevalence and treatment of headache during menopause, and propose treatment recommendations to women regardless of their comorbidities or stage in life.
Healthy People for the 21st Century: Understanding Use of Healthy People 2020 as a Web-Based Initiative
Authors: Heffernan Megan , Fromknecht Catharine Q. , McGowan Angela K. , Blakey Carter , Oppenheimer Caitlin Carroll 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
This study assesses how the nation's preeminent health promotion and disease prevention initiative, Healthy People, is utilized by key stakeholders.

Methods:
A Web-based survey was administered to assess awareness and use of Healthy People among state, local, tribal health organizations and other key stakeholder groups. Follow-up interviews were conducted with a subset of respondents.

Results:
Awareness and use of Healthy People have remained high among state, local, and tribal stakeholders. Healthy People 2020 is most frequently used as a data source. The Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) are an important element of the initiative, and nearly 90% of organizations that use the LHIs found them valuable. Awareness and use of other tools and resources are more limited.

Conclusions:
Healthy People continues to be a valued resource among public health stakeholders; however, continued outreach is needed to promote the use of tools and resources available on healthypeople.gov for this decade and beyond. Healthy People is a national initiative used most frequently as a data source by state and local health departments, tribal organizations, and other public health practitioners.
When do co-infections matter?
Authors: McArdle Andrew J. , Turkova Anna , Cunnington Aubrey J. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
Advances in diagnostic methods mean that co-infections are increasingly being detected in clinical practice, yet their significance is not always obvious. In parallel, basic science studies are increasingly investigating interactions between pathogens to try to explain real-life observations and elucidate biological mechanisms.

Recent findings
Co-infections may be insignificant, detrimental, or even beneficial, and these outcomes can occur through multiple levels of interactions which include modulation of the host response, altering the performance of diagnostic tests, and drug–drug interactions during treatment. The harmful effects of chronic co-infections such as tuberculosis or Hepatitis B and C in association with HIV are well established, and recent studies have focussed on strategies to mitigate these effects. However, consequences of many acute co-infections are much less certain, and recent conflicting findings simply highlight many of the challenges of studying naturally acquired infections in humans.

Summary
Tackling these challenges, using animal models, or careful prospective studies in humans may prove to be worthwhile. There are already tantalizing examples where identification and treatment of relevant co-infections seems to hold promise for improved health outcomes.
Treatment of an Uncommon High-Pressure Orbital Injection Injury
Authors: Kelpin John P. , Fahrenkopf Matthew P. , Van Pelt Andrea E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Injection injuries occur most commonly in the hand and digits; however, there are a limited number of reports in the literature describing injection injuries involving the orbit. High-pressure orbital injection injuries pose a number of unique challenges to the treating physician, and the approach to treating these injuries remains controversial. Often times, the extent of tissue damage is not fully appreciated at presentation, which may lead to missed diagnoses or inadequate initial treatment. In this study, the authors describe a rare incidence of high-pressure orbital injection injury. A 19-year-old male presented to the emergency department after injection of his left orbit with oil-based paint. Worsening clinical symptoms and increasing intraocular pressures within the first 24 hours necessitated take back to the operating room for orbital decompression and debridement. After an initial improvement in symptoms, the patient's clinical status deteriorated again, requiring further orbital decompression and additional periorbital debridement. Two weeks after initial presentation, soft tissue reconstruction of the surgical wounds was performed with full thickness skin grafts. The patient's globe and vision were both preserved. Orbital injection injuries, though rare, are potential globe threatening injuries. Physicians should have a low threshold for intervention and patient's must be observed closely over the first 72 hours after injury. Early diagnosis, prompt debridement, and a multidisciplinary approach are keys to improving patient outcomes.
Patient-Reported Quality of Life in the Highest Functioning Patients With Treacher Collins Syndrome
Authors: de Oliveira Jéssica Pereira , Lodovichi Fernando Felipe , Gomes Miria Benincasa , Custódio Eda Marconi , Denadai Rafael , Raposo-Amaral Cesar Augusto , Ghizoni Enrico , Raposo-Amaral Cassio Eduardo 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Treacher Collins syndrome has a wide variation of clinical presentation, including airway obstruction and hearing loss. The objective of this study was to assess patient-rated quality of life in Treacher Collins syndrome, who received multidisciplinary treatment at a specialized craniofacial hospital, and to compare their quality of life with a control sample.

Methods:
Treacher Collins patients under treatment in a multidisciplinary setting were assessed with the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100) questionnaire. The Siviero scale was used to classify quality of life as unsatisfactory (scores below 25), intermediate (scores between 25 and 75), and satisfactory (scores above 75). Quality of life comparison between Treacher Collins patients and 2342 unaffected individuals from a previous database was performed using the analysis of variance test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.

Results:
Treacher Collins patients demonstrated an overall intermediate and satisfactory (score >60%) quality of life in almost all WHOQOL-100 facets and domains. The comparison of the scores between unaffected individuals and Treacher Collins patients demonstrated a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the environment domain.

Conclusion:
The highest functioning Treacher Collins syndrome patients under multidisciplinary treatment presented intermediate and satisfactory quality of life, consistent with quality of life scores of unaffected controls. In the environment domain, Treacher Collins patients presented even higher scores of quality of life than the control group.

Clinical Question/Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic, III.
Novel Application of Ultrasonic Bone Aspirator for Hump Nose
Authors: Kim Jooyeon , Choi Gwan , Kwon Jae Hwan 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
This study was conducted to introduce and evaluate the efficacy of an ultrasonic bony aspirator in rhinoplasty for hump removal.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
University medical center.

Patients:
Twenty patients who underwent hump removal using an ultrasonic bone aspirator from October 2013 to November 2016 were enrolled in the study.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patients were followed for >3 months after surgery. External nose status and surgical results were investigated using photographs. Postoperative complications were evaluated.

Results:
Of the 30 patients enrolled in this study, 11 were females and 19 were males. Preoperative nasal deformities of all patients were characterized as bony humps. Postoperative dorsal status was significantly improved. There were no obvious complications such as over or under correction, delayed healing, infection, soft tissue injury, or deformity of the nasal dorsum.

Conclusion:
Application of an ultrasonic bone aspirator to remove humps in rhinoplasty is easy, safe, and effective.
Zygomaticofacial, Zygomaticoorbital, and Zygomaticotemporal Foramina
Authors: Coutinho Danielle Carvalho Oliveira , Martins-Júnior Paulo Antônio , Campos Isabela , Custódio Antônio Luís Neto , Silva Micena Roberta Miranda Alves e 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the anatomical and morphometric characteristics of the main zygomaticofacial (ZFF), zygomaticoorbital (ZOF), and zygomaticotemporal (ZTF) foramina in Brazilian dry skulls. 61, 69, and 42 skulls for ZFF, ZOF, and ZTF were evaluated by a single calibrated examiner for format, transverse and vertical diameters, and distances from the foramina to anatomical landmarks. Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Pearson and Spearman correlations were used. Circular outline was the predominant format for ZFF and ZTF, while oval format was the most frequent for ZOF. Median distances from ZFF to frontozygomatic and zygomaticomaxillary sutures were higher on right and left sides of the skulls, respectively (P < 0.005). Mean ZOF transverse diameter was significantly higher on the right sides of the skulls and presented positive correlation between sides (P < 0.05). No differences were observed for mean vertical diameter and distance from the ZOF to the inferolateral angle of the orbit (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found for distance from the ZTF to zygomatic arch between sides (P > 0.05), although there was a positive correlation (P < 0.05). Significant differences were found when analyzing the anatomical and morphometric aspects of ZFF, ZOF, and ZTF.
Surgical Treatment of Rhinosinusitis-Related Orbital Complications: Factors Affecting Irreversible Blindness
Authors: Ismi Onur , Vayisoğlu Yusuf , Bal Kemal Koray , Helvaci Ilter , Görür Kemal , Ozcan Cengiz 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
If left untreated, rhinosinusitis can rarely cause a devastating complication irreversible blindness (IB). Despite new technologies in endoscopic sinus surgery and use of new broad-spectrum antibiotics, IB outcome is still a problem for surgically treated orbital complication of paranasal sinus infection (OCPSI) patients, and factors leading to IB outcome are not actually known. The aim of this study was to assess the factors leading to the IB outcome for surgically treated OCPSI patients. Results of 25 surgically treated OCPSI patients in our clinic were combined with surgically treated OCPSI patients reported through the PubMed database search from the year 2007. Patients were divided into 2 groups: IB group and recovery group. Patients having at least 1 immune status-related additional risk factor (ARF) were more common in the IB group, having an at least 1 ARF had 1.683 risk value of IB outcome (RR: 1.683, P = 0.006). IB patients had statistically significant higher mean (21.87 ± 40.35, P = 0.005) time interval (days) (TI) between onset of ophthalmological symptoms and surgical intervention compared to recovery group patients (2.92 ± 2.53). ROC curve analysis for an estimation of IB outcome according to the TI value demonstrated that a cut-off value of ≥2.5 days had the ideal sensitivity (87.5%) and specificity (71.9%) that resulted in IB outcome. (80.5% power, P = 0.008) IB and recovery group patients did not differ according to orbital complication type according to Chandler's classification (P = 0.492) and white blood cell count status (P = 0.584). In conclusion, OCPSI patients with ARFs and delayed admission after onset of orbital symptoms have a higher risk of IB outcome. These patients deserve prompt evaluation and early surgical intervention to prevent blindness. With future studies, new surgical criteria, including the ARF status and onset of ophthalmological symptoms (≥2.5 days) may be added to classical surgical criteria to prevent IB for OCPSI cases.
The “Flap Suture Anchoring” Technique for Safe Oral Floor Reconstruction With Preservation of Alveolar Process
Authors: Wu Wei , Yang Yaowu , Zhang Pu , Sun Moyi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Flaps-based microsurgery is routinely applied to reconstruct oral floor defects caused by oncologic resection. To prevent orocutaneous fistulae, flaps are frequently sutured with buccal vestibule mucosa after sacrificing the alveolar process. The patients suffered denture loss and irreversible structural damage. For reliable oral floor reconstruction with preservation of alveolar process, the authors introduced the flap “suture anchoring” technique. Oral floor, hemiglossal-oral floor, and tongue base-parapharyngeal wall-oral floor defects were included in this study. The flap anchoring technique involves structural oral floor reconstruction with a chimeric anterolateral thigh-free flap or radial forearm flap with adipofascial tissue extension. The dead space in oral floor is filled with vastus lateralis muscle or adipofascial tissue, then holes are drilled on the alveolar bone among tooth root, beneath the attached gingiva. Skin paddle is sutured with 4-0 sutures through the alveolar holes thus anchored to the mandible. By applying this technique, there was no wound infection or orocutaneous fistulae in all patients postoperatively, even experienced postoperative radiotherapy. In addition, a soft and natural jaw-tongue furrow could be formed to allow the free movement of tongue. Taken together, the flap anchoring technique offers a safe and reliable approach to recover oral function and preservation of occlusion.
Accessory Submandibular Salivary Gland Forming a “Horseshoe” With the Main Submandibular Salivary Gland: A Unique Variation
Authors: Nayak Satheesha B. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Presence of accessory submandibular salivary gland (ASSG) is an extremely rare variation. Knowledge of its relations could be very useful to oral and maxillofacial surgeons, head and neck surgeons, and radiologists. During dissection classes, an ASSG was noted between the mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles. The main submandibular salivary gland had superficial and deep parts. The deep part was narrow and measured about 5 cm. The lingual nerve passed between the superficial and deep parts. The accessory submandibular gland was situated below and parallel to the deep part of SSG. It also measured 5 cm. The ASSG had its own duct, which joined the duct of main gland. The ASSG and the deep part of the SSG were united at the lateral border of geniohyoid muscle to give a characteristic “horseshoe” appearance. The ASSG overlapped both lingual and hypoglossal nerves.
Identification and prioritization of gene sets associated with schizophrenia risk by co-expression network analysis in human brain
Authors: Radulescu Eugenia , Jaffe Andrew E , Straub Richard E , Chen Qiang , Shin Joo Heon , Hyde Thomas M , Kleinman Joel E , Weinberger Daniel R 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSchizophrenia polygenic risk is plausibly manifested by complex transcriptional dysregulation in the brain, involving networks of co-expressed and functionally related genes. The main purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize co-expressed gene sets in a hierarchical manner, based on the strength of the relationships with clinical diagnosis and with the polygenic risk for schizophrenia. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was applied to RNA-quality adjusted DLPFC RNA-Seq data from the LIBD Postmortem Human Brain Repository (90 controls, 74 schizophrenia; Caucasians) to construct co-expression networks and detect modules of co-expressed genes. After internal and external validation, modules of selected interest were tested for enrichment in biological ontologies, association with schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS), with diagnosis and for enrichment in genes within the significant GWAS loci reported by the Psychiatric Genomic Consortium (PGC2). The association between schizophrenia genetic signals and modules of co-expression converged on one module showing a significant association with diagnosis, PRS and significant overlap with 36 PGC2 loci genes, deemed as tier 1 (strongest candidates for drug targets). Fifty-three PGC2 loci genes were in modules associated only with diagnosis (tier 2) and 59 in modules unrelated to diagnosis or PRS (tier 3). In conclusion, our study highlights complex relationships between gene co-expression networks in the brain and polygenic risk for SCZ and provides a strategy for using this information in selecting potentially targetable gene sets for therapeutic drug development.
Full-length de novo viral quasispecies assembly through variation graph construction
Authors: Baaijens Jasmijn A. , Van der Roest Bastiaan , Köster Johannes , Stougie Leen , Schönhuth Alexander 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMotivationViruses populate their hosts as a viral quasispecies: a collection of genetically related mutant strains. Viral quasispecies assembly refers to reconstructing the strain-specific haplotypes from read data, and predicting their relative abundances within the mix of strains, an important step for various treatment-related reasons. Reference-genome-independent (“de novo”) approaches have yielded benefits over reference-guided approaches, because reference-induced biases can become overwhelming when dealing with divergent strains. While being very accurate, extant de novo methods only yield rather short contigs. It remains to reconstruct full-length haplotypes together with their abundances from such contigs.MethodWe first construct a variation graph, a recently popular, suitable structure for arranging and integrating several related genomes, from the short input contigs, without making use of a reference genome. To obtain paths through the variation graph that reflect the original haplotypes, we solve a minimization problem that yields a selection of maximal-length paths that is optimal in terms of being compatible with the read coverages computed for the nodes of the variation graph. We output the resulting selection of maximal length paths as the haplotypes, together with their abundances.ResultsBenchmarking experiments on challenging simulated data sets show significant improvements in assembly contiguity compared to the input contigs, while preserving low error rates. As a consequence, our method outperforms all state-of-the-art viral quasispecies assemblers that aim at the construction of full-length haplotypes, in terms of various relevant assembly measures. Our tool, Virus-VG, is publicly available at https://bitbucket.org/jbaaijens/virus-vg.
Signatures of insecticide selection in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Duneau David , Sun Haina , Revah Jonathan , Miguel Keri San , Kunerth Henry D. , Caldas Ian V. , Messer Philipp W. , Scott Jeffrey G. , Buchon Nicolas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractResistance to insecticides has evolved in multiple insect species, leading to increased application rates and even control failures. Understanding the genetic basis of insecticide resistance is fundamental for mitigating its impact on crop production and disease control. We performed a GWAS approach with the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to identify the mutations involved in resistance to two widely used classes of insecticides: organophosphates (OPs, parathion) and pyrethroids (deltamethrin). Most variation in parathion resistance was associated with mutations in the target gene Ace, while most variation in deltamethrin resistance was associated with mutations in Cyp6a23, a gene encoding a detoxification enzyme never previously associated with resistance. A “nested GWAS” further revealed the contribution of other loci: Dscam1 and trpl were implicated in resistance to parathion, but only in lines lacking Wolbachia. Cyp6a17, the paralogous gene of Cyp6a23, and CG7627, an ATP-binding cassette transporter, were implicated in deltamethrin resistance. We observed signatures of recent selective sweeps at all of these resistance loci and confirmed that the soft sweep at Ace is indeed driven by the identified resistance mutations. Analysis of allele frequencies in additional population samples revealed that most resistance mutations are segregating across the globe, but that frequencies can vary substantially among populations. Altogether, our data reveal that the widely used OP and pyrethroid insecticides imposed a strong selection pressure on natural insect populations. However, it remains unclear why, in Drosophila, resistance evolved due to changes in the target site for OPs, but due to a detoxification enzyme for pyrethroids.Article summaryInsecticides are widely used to control pests and insect vectors of disease. In response to the strong selection pressure exerted by insecticides, resistance has evolved in most insect species. We identified few genes present in several Drosophila melanogaster natural populations implicated in the evolution of resistance against two insecticides widely used today. We identified primary and secondary genes involved in the resistance. Surprisingly, resistance evolved in the target site for one insecticide, but was associated to changes in a novel detoxification enzyme for the other insecticide.