bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convergent evolution of locomotor morphology but not performance in gymnotiform swimmers
Authors: Whitlow Katrina R. , Santini Francesco , Oufiero Christopher E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConvergent evolution of a novel locomotor strategy implies that a fitness benefit may be associated with the new gait. Opportunities to study this phenomenon are often constrained by a lack of transitional taxa, but teleost fishes offer examples of extant species across such evolutionary shifts in gait. For instance, one species from Osteoglossiformes and the entire order of Gymnotiformes independently evolved a novel gait, gymnotiform locomotion, where thrust is produced by the undulation of an elongate anal fin. Here, we investigate whether this convergence in gait is also associated with similarities in shape, burst swimming abilities, and/or steady‐swimming energetics. Specifically, we measured body and fin morphology of fish within Gymnotiformes and Osteoglossiformes, along with closely related Siluriformes and Cypriniformes, to examine the link between gymnotiform locomotion and morphology in a phylogenetic context. Second, we tested the burst swimming capabilities and oxygen consumption during endurance swimming of a subset of the same gymnotiform, osteoglossiform, and cypriniform species, including “transitional” Osteoglossiformes that exhibit intermediate gaits, to determine whether the evolution of this specialized gait is associated with a change in either of these performance metrics. Our results suggest that convergence on the gymnotiform gait is associated with morphological convergence, but does not constrain a fish's maximum sprinting speeds or their energetic demands during steady swimming.
Protist Diversity and Seasonal Dynamics in Skagerrak Plankton Communities as Revealed by Metabarcoding and Microscopy
Authors: Gran‐Stadniczeñko Sandra , Egge Elianne , Hostyeva Vladyslava , Logares Ramiro , Eikrem Wenche , Edvardsen Bente 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProtist community composition and seasonal dynamics are of major importance for the production of higher trophic levels, such as zooplankton and fish. Our aim was to reveal how the protist community in the Skagerrak changes through the seasons by combining high‐throughput sequencing and microscopy of plankton collected monthly over two years. The V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene was amplified by eukaryote universal primers from the total RNA/cDNA. We found a strong seasonal variation in protist composition and proportional abundances, and a difference between two depths within the euphotic zone. Highest protist richness was found in late summer‐early autumn, and lowest in winter. Temperature was the abiotic factor explaining most of the variation in diversity. Dinoflagellates was the most abundant and diverse group followed by ciliates and diatoms. We found about 70 new taxa recorded for the first time in the Skagerrak. The seasonal pattern in relative read abundance of major phytoplankton groups was well in accordance with microscopical biovolumes. This is the first metabarcoding study of the protist plankton community of all taxonomic groups and through seasons in the Skagerrak, which may serve as a baseline for future surveys to reveal effects of climate and environmental changes.
Comparison of survival rate and crestal bone loss of narrow diameter dental implants versus regular dental implants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alrabiah Mohammed 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to establish survival rates, as well as crestal bone loss (CBL) of narrow diameter implants (NDI), compared to regular diameter implants (RDI). The current review followed the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement. We searched main databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register) for articles addressing the focused question up to and including May 2018. Meta‐analyses were conducted for CBL and survival rates. Qualitatively, three clinical studies showed comparable CBL and survival rates between NDI and RDI at follow up. Only one study showed increased CBL around NDI compared to RDI. The overall weighted mean difference (WMD) for CBL (WMD = .06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = ‐.38‐.51, P=.76) and risk difference for survival rate (risk difference = .88, 95% CI = .22‐3.50, P=.85) were not significant between the NDI and RDI groups at follow up. NDI and RDI showed comparable CBL and survival rates. However, the findings of the present study should be interpreted with caution due to significant heterogeneity and the low number of included studies. Further randomized, controlled trials should be performed in order to obtain strong conclusions.
Trophic patterns and home‐range size of two generalist urban carnivores: a review
Authors: Castañeda I. , Bellard C. , Jarić I. , Pisanu B. , Chapuis J.‐L. , Bonnaud E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFoxes and cats are the most abundant medium‐sized urban carnivores. To date, however, there has been a lack of effort to synthesize data on the spatial and trophic resources used by these two carnivores, despite the importance of this information for assessing their similarity and roles in urban food webs. In this paper, we first synthesize all available information on the trophic patterns and home‐range size of these two predators based on a total of 91 studies. Second, we conduct statistical analyses to test the influence of environmental and biological variables such as regional differences, habitat characteristics, age, and sexual status on their home‐range size and diet patterns within urban habitats, and then evaluate the methods used to investigate these components. Our findings highlight the lack of studies that simultaneously monitor the diet and home‐range size of both predators within urban habitats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare fox and cat home‐range size and diet. Foxes exhibited larger ranges than cats, while intact cats showed larger home ranges than desexed cats. Diet diversity obtained for both predators confirmed their trophic plasticity within urban habitats. Both predators consumed fewer mammals and invertebrates in highly disturbed habitats compared to medium ones. We also found that the procedure of data acquisition significantly influenced fox and cat home‐range sizes. In terms of diet, the type of recovered samples had a significant effect on the diet composition of both predators. To improve our understanding of the relative impact of these two urban carnivores on urban wildlife, we recommend simultaneously studying both species in future studies. Moreover, methodological standards for both diet and home‐range size studies are needed to allow comparisons.
Biosynthesis of DDMP saponins in soybean is regulated by a distinct UDP‐glycosyltransferase
Authors: Sundaramoorthy Jagadeesh , Park Gyu Tae , Komagamine Kumpei , Tsukamoto Chigen , Chang Jeong Ho , Lee Jeong‐Dong , Kim Jeong Hoe , Seo Hak Soo , Song Jong Tae 
Published: November 2018

Summary

2,3‐Dihydro‐2,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (DDMP) saponins are one of the major saponin groups that are widely distributed in legumes such as pea, barrel medic, chickpea, and soybean. The steps involved in DDMP saponin biosynthesis remain uncharacterized at the molecular level.

We isolated two recessive mutants that lack DDMP saponins from an ethyl methanesulfonate‐induced mutant population of soybean cultivar Pungsannamul.

Segregation analysis showed that the production of DDMP saponins is controlled by a single locus, named Sg‐9. The locus was physically mapped to a 130‐kb region on chromosome 16. Nucleotide sequence analysis of candidate genes in the region revealed that each mutant has a single‐nucleotide polymorphism in the Glyma.16G033700 encoding a UDP‐glycosyltransferase UGT73B4. Enzyme assays and mass spectrum‐coupled chromatographic analysis reveal that the Sg‐9 protein has glycosyltransferase activity, converting sapogenins and group B saponins to glycosylated products, and that mutant proteins had only partial activities. The tissue‐specific expression profile of Sg‐9 matches the accumulation pattern of DDMP saponins.

This is the first report on a new gene and its function in the biosynthesis of DDMP saponins. Our findings indicate that Sg‐9 encodes a putative DDMP transferase that plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of DDMP saponins.
The SnRK1‐eIFiso4G1 signaling relay regulates the translation of specific mRNAs in Arabidopsis under submergence
Authors: Cho Hsing‐Yi , Lu Mei‐Yeh Jade , Shih Ming‐Che 
Published: November 2018

Summary

Cellular responses to oxygen deprivation are essential for survival during energy crises in plants and animals. Hypoxia caused by submergence results in reprogramming of translation dynamic in plants, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we show that Arabidopsis Snf1‐related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) phosphorylates the translation initiation factor eIFiso4G to regulate translation dynamic under submergence.

In Arabidopsis, there are two eIFiso4G genes, eIFiso4G1 and eIFiso4G2, which belong to the eIF4G family. Both eIFiso4Gs were phosphorylated by SnRK1 under submergence. Interestingly, the eIFiso4G1 knockout mutant, but not the eIFiso4G2 mutant, became more sensitive to submergence, implying that eIFiso4G1 is involved in regulating submergence tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Comparison of RNA sequences in the polysome fraction and the RNAs immunoprecipitated by eIFiso4G1 from Col‐0 and the SnRK1 and eIFiso4G1 mutants revealed that lack of eIFiso4G1 phosphorylation disrupts the translation of specific mRNAs under submergence.

Taken together, our findings suggest that the SnRK1‐eIFiso4G1 relay controls the translation of an array of genes under hypoxia, including core hypoxia response genes and genes related to stress response and biosynthetic process.
Egg OIT in clinical practice (SEICAP II): Maintenance patterns and desensitization state after normalizing the diet
Authors: Martín‐Muñoz María Flora , Alonso Lebrero Elena , Zapatero Lidia , Fuentes Aparicio Victoria , Piquer Gibert Mónica , Plaza Martín Ana María , Muñoz Candelaria , Belver María Teresa , Martorell‐Calatayud Cristina , Martorell‐Aragonés Antonio , Blasco Cristina , Vilá Blanca , Gómez Catalina , Nevot Santiago , García Martín Juan Miguel , Madero Rosario , Echeverría Luis 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown which are the most suitable maintenance pattern and egg consumption to maintain the desensitization state after ending the oral immunotherapy (OIT). This multicenter, randomized, controlled trial compared two OIT maintenance patterns with pasteurized egg white (PEW), evaluating the egg consumption effect on the desensitization state after ending the OIT.MethodsOne hundred and one children with confirmed egg allergy were randomized: 25 to an egg‐free diet (CG) and 76 to an OIT year with PEW and two maintenance patterns, 38 patients to daily 3.3 g proteins (AG) and 38 to every two days (BG). PEW challenge (DBPCFC), adverse reactions, and immune markers were assessed at baseline, at the end of the OIT, and at 6 and 12 months later on ad libitum egg consumption (T0, T12, T18, and T24). A questionnaire evaluated the egg consumption at T18.ResultsAt T12, 64 of 76 (84.21%) OIT patients had reached total desensitization (32 AG and 32 BG) vs 4 of 25 (16.00%) CG who passed the PEW DBPCFC. Thirty (93.75%) AG vs 25 (78.12%) BG patients completed an OIT year. At T18, 27 of 29 (93.1%) AG vs 20 of 24 (83.3%) BG passed the PEW DBPCFC, 96% consuming at least two egg servings/week. At T24, 97.43% OIT patients passed the challenge. Most patients had adverse reactions, more frequent in the BG patients; frequency and severity of reactions decreased through the study. PEW skin prick test wheal and sIgE antibody serum levels similarly decreased in AG or BG, but AG patients had greater increase in PEW sIgG4 (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDaily OIT maintenance achieves better adherence, effectiveness, and safety. Two egg servings/week ensure maintained desensitization after the end of an OIT year.
The advancement of pediatric anesthesia pharmacology: David Ryan Cook (scions, serendipity, and six degrees of separation)
Authors: Cladis Franklyn P. , Mai Christine L. , Yaster Myron , Davis Peter J. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryDr David Ryan Cook, Professor Emeritus of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology at the University of Pittsburgh and Chief of Anesthesiology at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (1977‐1999), is a pioneer in the field of pediatric anesthesiology and pharmacology. Dr Cook contributed significantly to the understanding of pharmacologic differences among infants, children, and adults. His work as a clinician‐scientist, educator, and mentor defined the pharmacology of many of the anesthetic agents we continue to use today. He brought science to the art of anesthesia and enhanced the safety of pediatric perioperative care. Based on a 2017 interview with Dr Cook, this article outlines the development of his career and his contributions to the field of anesthesiology and pharmacology.
Topical treatment with a cathepsin G inhibitor, β‐keto‐phosphonic acid, blocks ultraviolet irradiation‐induced basement membrane damage in hairless mouse skin
Authors: Kusumaningrum Novi , Oh Jang‐Hee , Lee Dong Hun , Shin Chang‐Yup , Jang Jee‐Hee , Kim Yeon Kyung , Chung Jin Ho 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundUltraviolet light (UV) exposure contributes various effects to skin including damage of the basement membrane. Cathepsin G (CTSG) belongs to serine protease family, and its upregulation is involved in wrinkle formation by chronic UV irradiation. However, the effect of CTSG on the basement membrane damage in skin remains unclear.PurposeTo investigate the effects of topical treatment with a CTSG inhibitor, β‐keto‐phosphonic acid (KPA), on basement membrane damage in chronically UV‐irradiated hairless mouse skin.MethodsThe dorsal skin of hairless mice was exposed to UV three times per week for 8 weeks. KPA was applied immediately after each session of UV irradiation. The basement membrane components, CTSG expression, and neutrophil infiltration were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The basement membrane structures were visualized by transmission electron microscope. CTSG and MMP‐13 protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. Assessment of wrinkle formation was examined using a skin replica assay.Resultsβ‐keto‐phosphonic acid prevented UV irradiation‐induced decrease in type VII collagen, laminin 332, and perlecan at the basement membrane zone and prevented UV‐induced breakage of lamina densa and UV‐induced shortening of hemidesmosome. KPA prevented UV‐induced CTSG and MMP‐13 expressions in chronically UV‐irradiated hairless mice. Increase in neutrophil infiltration by UV irradiation and UV‐induced wrinkle formation was also prevented by KPA.ConclusionOur present study showed the possible involvement of CTSG in UV‐induced basement membrane damage in skin through topical treatment with a CTSG inhibitor, KPA. Thus, inhibition of CTSG may be a useful strategy for the prevention of UV‐induced basement membrane damage and photoaging.
Mycotoxins in aquaculture: feed and food
Authors: Gonçalves Rui A. , Schatzmayr Dian , Albalat Amaya , Mackenzie Simon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMycotoxins, secondary metabolites produced by moulds, are responsible for causing significant economic losses due to spoilage of agricultural products but also due to direct or indirect health impact on livestock upon ingestion of mycotoxin contaminated feedstuffs. Aquaculture farmed species are not an exception and studies reporting mycotoxin‐related issues in the aquaculture industry have been increasing. However, our understanding on the prevalence and impact of mycotoxins in the aquaculture sector is still lower compared to the terrestrial livestock sector. Consequently, regulatory limits and guidance values have been defined based on the studies on terrestrial farm animals. The aim of this review is to compile and critically assess mycotoxin occurrence and co‐occurrence in aquaculture finished feeds, and understand the risk of mycotoxin carry‐over in aquaculture seafood products. Furthermore, we aim with this review to raise awareness to the scientific community, the regulatory authorities and the aquaculture industry to the need for specific aquaculture mycotoxin maximum concentration levels for both aquaculture feeds and foods.
Integrating Incomplete Information With Imperfect Advice
Authors: Vélez Natalia , Gweon Hyowon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhen our own knowledge is limited, we often turn to others for information. However, social learning does not guarantee accurate learning or better decisions: Other people's knowledge can be as limited as our own, and their advice is not always helpful. This study examines how human learners put two “imperfect” heads together to make utility‐maximizing decisions. Participants played a card game where they chose to “stay” with a card of known value or “switch” to an unknown card, given an advisor's advice to stay or switch. Participants used advice strategically based on which cards the advisor could see (Experiment 1), how helpful the advisor was (Experiment 2), and what strategy the advisor used to select advice (Experiment 3). Overall, participants benefited even from imperfect advice based on incomplete information. Participants’ responses were consistent with a Bayesian model that jointly infers how the advisor selects advice and the value of the advisor's card, compared to an alternative model that weights advice based on the advisor's accuracy. By reasoning about others’ minds, human learners can make the best of even noisy, impoverished social information.
Risk of transfusion‐associated dengue: screening of blood donors from Pune, western India
Authors: Kulkarni Ruta , Tiraki Divya , Wani Dileep , Mishra Akhilesh C. , Arankalle Vidya A. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDDengue, a mosquito‐borne viral disease, is endemic in >125 countries worldwide. The threat of blood‐borne transmission of dengue virus (DENV) has been documented.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis study was conducted to assess the potential magnitude of transfusion‐associated dengue, by determination of DENV seromarkers in blood donations from Pune, India, during two dengue seasons (2016 and 2017). These included DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1), anti‐DENV immunoglobulin (Ig) M, anti‐DENV IgG (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay), and DENV RNA (reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction).RESULTSNS1 (IgM) reactivity was 1 of 209, 0.48% (11/209, 5.3%) in 2016 and 2 of 311, 0.64% (20/311, 6.4%) in 2017. Of the 34 NS1/IgM reactives, 1 NS1‐reactive donor and 10 IgM‐reactive donors exhibited evidence of secondary infection. DENV RNA was not detected in any of the 34 NS1/IgM reactives. Among the NS1/IgM negatives, anti‐DENV IgG reactivity was high in 2016 (75%) and further increased in 2017 (87%, p = 0.002).CONCLUSIONAlthough RNA negative, detection of 34 NS1/IgM‐reactive donations, of which 11 had evidence of secondary infection, suggests the need for further evaluation on the basis of potential risk to recipients of either dengue transmission or increased risk of secondary infection. These would include multicenter studies followed by cost‐benefit analyses.
The association between blood donor sex and age and transfusion recipient mortality: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Heddle Nancy M. , Cook Richard J. , Liu Yang , Zeller Michelle , Barty Rebecca , Acker Jason P. , Eikelboom John , Arnold Donald M. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDThere is recent support for long‐term adverse effects of donor‐recipient sex‐mismatched red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, but short‐term impact is unknown. A retrospective exploratory analysis was performed using data from a research database.METHODSAdults admitted to hospitals in one Canadian center who received RBCs (2008–2014 [3 sites]; 2012–2014 [1 site]) were eligible. Patient data were extracted from a research database and donor data from the blood supplier. Cox regression models were used, with control of risk and confounding variables as covariates or using stratification. Exposure was defined by mutually exclusive categories. The outcome was in‐hospital mortality.RESULTSA total of 25,219 adults received 97,886 RBCs. Diagnoses included cardiovascular (28.8%), neoplastic (15.6%), traumatic (15.4%), or gastrointestinal (10.5%); 56.3% of transfused RBCs were male donors, and median donor age was 45 years (interquartile range, 30–54). Female patients exposed to male RBCs experienced a higher risk of in‐hospital death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.69; p = 0.038) compared to exclusive female RBC exposure. Exposure to RBCs from donors aged 45 years or younger was associated with a higher in‐hospital death (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02–1.44; p = 0.026) compared to exclusive RBC exposure to donors older than 45 years. Donor‐recipient sex‐mismatched RBC exposure (vs. exclusively sex‐matched) and RBC exposure from donors aged 45 years or younger (vs. exclusively RBCs from donors >45) were associated with increased mortality: sex‐mismatched (HR, 1.23; (95% CI, 1.04–1.45; p = 0.017); donors aged 45 years or younger (HR, 1.21; (95% CI, 1.02–1.43; p = 0.031).CONCLUSIONDonor‐recipient sex‐matched RBC transfusions and transfusions from older donors may benefit patients.