bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase Ib Study of Axitinib in Combination with Crizotinib in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer or Other Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Michaelson M. Dror , Gupta Shilpa , Agarwal Neeraj , Szmulewitz Russell , Powles Thomas , Pili Roberto , Bruce Justine Yang , Vaishampayan Ulka , Larkin James , Rosbrook Brad , Wang Erjian , Murphy Danielle , Wang Panpan , Lechuga Maria Josè , Valota Olga , Shepard Dale R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Lessons Learned
The combination of axitinib and crizotinib has a manageable safety and tolerability profile, consistent with the profiles of the individual agents when administered as monotherapy. The antitumor activity reported here for the combination axitinib/crizotinib does not support further study of this combination treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma given the current treatment landscape.

Background
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors have been successfully used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC); however, resistance eventually develops in most cases. Tyrosine protein kinase Met (MET) expression increases following VEGF inhibition, and inhibition of both has shown additive effects in controlling tumor growth and metastasis. We therefore conducted a study of axitinib plus crizotinib in advanced solid tumors and mRCC.

Methods
This phase Ib study included a dose-escalation phase (starting doses: axitinib 3 mg plus crizotinib 200 mg) to estimate maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in patients with solid tumors and a dose-expansion phase to examine preliminary efficacy in treatment-naïve patients with mRCC. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and biomarkers were also assessed.

Results
No patients in the dose-escalation phase (n = 22) experienced dose-limiting toxicity; MTD was estimated to be axitinib 5 mg plus crizotinib 250 mg. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events were hypertension (18.2%) and fatigue (9.1%). In the dose-expansion phase, overall response rate was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.9–54.3), and progression-free survival was 5.6 months (95% CI, 3.5–not reached).

Conclusion
The combination of axitinib plus crizotinib, at estimated MTD, had a manageable safety profile and showed evidence of modest antitumor activity in mRCC.
Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Decline in Kidney Function in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Hayek Salim S. , Landsittel Douglas P. , Wei Changli , Zeier Martin , Yu Alan S.L. , Torres Vicente E. , Roth Sharin , Pao Christina S. , Reiser Jochen 
Published: June 2019

Significance Statement
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), a marker of inflammation, is also an independent marker for incidence and progression of renal diseases. Mechanistically, it has been shown to activate podocytes in glomerular diseases. In this study, the authors provide the first description linking suPAR levels with disease progression for a major genetic renal disease that mainly affects the extraglomerular compartment, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). They found an association between suPAR levels and height-adjusted total kidney volume, independent of age, sex, race, hypertension, and eGFR. In addition, patients with suPAR levels >2.82 ng/ml had a 3.38-fold increase in risk of incident ESRD. These findings suggest that suPAR levels may be useful for early identification of patients with ADPKD at high risk of disease progression.

Background
Levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), an inflammation marker, are strongly predictive of incident kidney disease. Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) experience progressive decline in renal function, but rates of decline and outcomes vary greatly. Whether suPAR levels are predictive of declining kidney function in patients with ADPKD is unknown.

Methods
We assessed suPAR levels in 649 patients with ADPKD who underwent scheduled follow-up for at least 3 years, with repeated measurements of height-adjusted total kidney volume and creatinine-derived eGFR. We used linear mixed models for repeated measures and Cox proportional hazards to characterize associations between baseline suPAR levels and follow-up eGFR or incident ESRD.

Results
The median suPAR level was 2.47 ng/ml and median height-adjusted total kidney volume was 778, whereas mean eGFR was 84 ml/min per 1.73 m2. suPAR levels were associated with height-adjusted total kidney volume (β=0.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.03), independent of age, sex, race, hypertension, and eGFR. Patients in the lowest suPAR tertile (<2.18 ng/ml) had a 6.8% decline in eGFR at 3 years and 22% developed CKD stage 3, whereas those in the highest tertile (suPAR>2.83 ng/ml) had a 19.4% decline in eGFR at 3 years and 68% developed CKD stage 3. suPAR levels >2.82 ng/ml had a 3.38-fold increase in the risk of incident ESRD.

Conclusions
suPAR levels were associated with progressive decline in renal function and incident ESRD in patients with ADPKD, and may aid early identification of patients at high risk of disease progression.
Leaf morpho-anatomical diversity in Echeveria aff. gigantea (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Sandoval-Zapotitla Estela , Martínez-Quezada Daniel M. , Reyes-Santiago Jerónimo , Islas-Luna María de los Ángeles , Rosas Ulises 
Published: June 2019

Background. Distinguishing species and populations in Crassulaceae is challenging because of the morphological variability and inter-specific hybridization. Currently our understanding of the morphological and anatomical features in Echeveria is poor, and therefore it is difficult to delimit species, and morphotypes within the species. Question. Our objective was to describe the foliar anatomy and the shape of accessions in E. gigantea. We used E. gibbiflora , another species in the series as a comparison group. Comparing the two species allowed us to evaluate the relationship between anatomy and morphology in E. gigantea .Methods. We performed a survey of anatomical features in seven accessions of E. gigantea , and one accession of E. gibbiflora . We obtained epidermal prints, leaf sections, performed geometric and morphometric analyses.Results. We found that 65 % of the anatomical traits are heterogeneous among the taxonomic units. Our analysis showed that E. gibbiflora and some E. gigantea accessions share extensive anatomical similarities. There was variation within the E. gigantea , suggesting that at least one of the accessions is an independent taxonomic group. The traits with the largest contribution to variation between the groups were related to the epidermis, the hypodermis, the type of vascular bundles and the collenchyma associated to the vascular bundles. In addition we quantified the variation in leaf shape. Interestingly, we found correlations between the organ shape and anatomical traits.Conclusion. These analyses provide information about traits towards the morpho-anatomical definition of E. gigantea variation and suggest developmental correlation yet to be explained.
White Certificates and White Certificate Trading Schemes as greenhouse gas mitigation policy options for South Africa
Authors: Tyler Emily , Du Toit Michelle , Burchell Zelda 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnergy efficiency activities driven by White Certificate Trading schemes (WCT) achieve the objective of conserving energy, and in most circumstances, also that of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The potential therefore exists that both objectives could be targeted by a single policy mechanism. Energy efficiency activities are important from a GHG mitigation perspective as they represent some of the least costly GHG mitigation activities available to economies. However, there are some significant differences between the use of a direct policy instrument to target GHG emissions mitigation, and the use of an indirect instrument such as WCT, whose direct policy objective is to achieve energy efficiency. Most importantly, WCT utilises intensity targets, whereas GHG mitigation is required by science to comprise absolute reductions. International experience does however suggest that white certificates can be fully fungible with a GHG mitigation policy instrument such as an emissions trading scheme, as long as double counting rules are firmly in place, and the design of the schemes are compatible.Given that 80 percent of the South African GHG emissions are energy related, with energy efficiency measures in industry, commerce and the residential sector representing the bulk of negative cost mitigation options available in the economy, energy efficiency has an important role to play in the country’s mitigation strategy.This paper presents results on research into WCT as a policy option for South Africa conducted in 2008 and presented at the Climate Change Summit 2009. It investigates in particular the Electricity Conservation Scheme (ECS) as an option for incorporating a WCT mechanism.There is limited experience and therefore analysis on WCS available to date, and even less on the potential interaction and linkages of WCS and emissions trading schemes. This paper therefore identifies significa
Climate change: The opportunity cost of Medupi and Kusile power stations
Authors: Blignaut James 
Published: June 2019

Eskom has embarked on the construction of two coal-fired power stations (Medupi and Kusile) that use a new dry-cooling process with flue gas desulphurisation (FGD). While the introduction of these new technologies does have meaningful environmental benefits beyond the conventional coal-fired power stations, they still emit greenhouse gasses. The question at stake here is what is the opportunity cost, viewed from a climate change perspective, of these two new power stations? This question is answered by considering the carbon footprint of the two power stations and a range of unit values for CO2. From this analysis, it is evident that the most likely range of the opportunity cost is between R6.3 billion and R10.7 billion per year. This converts to a damage cost of between R0.10 and R0.17/kWh when assuming a net combined generation capacity of 8 677 MW and a load factor of 85%.
An Evaluation of SmokeFree for Kansas Kids
Authors: Neerukonda Thanuja , Scheuermann Taneisha S. , Lauer Stephen J. , Hudelson Melissa , Ellerbeck Edward F. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Smokefree for Kansas Kids is a program designedto train pediatric clinic staff to assess for tobaccoexposure and provide brief smoking cessation interventionsto caregivers and patients. The purpose of this studywas to evaluate the impact of this program and improvefuture tobacco intervention efforts in pediatric clinics.
Methods. Eighty-six pediatric physicians and staff attendedat least one of three training sessions. A randomsample of pediatric medical records was selected pre-intervention(n = 49) and post-intervention (n = 150). Electronicmedical records were reviewed to assess for documentationof tobacco use intervention implemented in the clinic.
Results. Of the 199 pediatric clinic visits reviewed, 197 metthe study criteria. All but one visit documented an assessmentof tobacco exposure. Among children exposed to tobacco (n= 42), providers were more likely to discuss tobacco use withcaregivers post-intervention (35.7%) compared to pre-intervention(7.1%; p < 0.05). One in five caregivers in the postinterventiongroup were advised to quit (21.4%) compared tothe pre-intervention group (7.1%). In the post-interventiongroup, 14.3% were referred to the state quitline compared tono referrals in the pre-intervention group. The difference inrates for providing advice and referral between pre-interventionand post-intervention were not statistically significant.
Conclusions. Implementation of the Smoke Free for Kansas Kidsintervention was associated with modest improvements in clinictobacco intervention efforts, but many patients still failed toreceive optimal assessments or interventions. Additional effortsmay be needed to enhance this program. KS J Med 2017;10(1):7-11.
Successes and Challenges of Optimal Trauma Care for Rural Family Physicians in Kansas
Authors: Berg Gina M. , Dobson Cheryl , Lee Felecia A. , Hervey Ashley M. , Kellerman Rick 
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Kansas has a regionalized trauma systemwith formal mechanisms for review, however, increasedcommunication with rural providers can uncover opportunitiesfor system process improvement. Therefore, thisqualitative study explored perceptions of family medicinephysicians staffing emergency departments (ED) in rural areas,specifically to determine what is going well and what areasneeded improvement in relation to the trauma system.
Methods. A focus group included Kansas rural family physiciansrecruited from a local symposium for family medicinephysicians. Demographic information was collected via surveyprior to the focus group session, which was audiotaped.Research team members read the transcription, identifiedthemes, and grouped the findings into categories for analysis.
Results. Seven rural family medicine physicians participated inthe focus group. The majority were male (71%) with the mean age46.71 years. All saw patients in the ED and had treated injuriesdue to agriculture, falls, and motor vehicle collisions. Participantsidentified successes in the adoption and enforcement of standardizedprocesses, specifically through level IV trauma centercertification and staff requirements for Advanced Trauma LifeSupport training. Communication breakdown during patient dischargeand skill maintenance were the most prevalent challenges.
Conclusions. Even with an established regionalized traumasystem in the state of Kansas, there continues to be opportunitiesfor improvement. The challenges acknowledged byfocus group participants may not be identified through patientcase reviews (if conducted), therefore tertiary centersshould conduct system reviews with referring hospitals regularlyto improve systemic concerns. KS J Med 2017;10(1):12-16.
The Relationship of Personality Style and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Authors: Amos Stephen P. , Homan Gretchen J. , Sollo Natalie , Ahlers-Schmidt Carolyn R. , Engel Matthew , Rawlins Patrice 
Published: June 2019

Introduction. This study was to identify personality correlates ofchildren with a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder(ADHD). The Jungian Personality Type dimensions primarilyconsidered were Sensing/Intuiting and Perceiving/Judging.A Sensing child is likely to be very present-centered. A Perceivingchild tends to be curious and resist order and structure.
Methods. Children attending a general pediatric clinic with a diagnosisof ADHD were eligible to participate. Enrolled childrenwere administered the Murphy-Meisgeier Type Indicator forChildren. Binomial tests were performed comparing Perceivingand Sensing personality components to accepted population rates.
Results. Participants (n = 117) were predominantly male(78%) with a median age of 10 years. The Sensing trait (72%)was more prevalent than expected, though prevalence for thePerceiving trait (44%) did not differ from population rates.
Conclusions. Personality types occasioned with the diagnosisof ADHD could be useful in establishing/normalizingtreatment regimens and approaches to assist thesechildren and their families better. KS J Med 2017;10(2):26-29.
Barriers to Utilizing Medicaid Smoking Cessation Benefits
Authors: Knox Blaine , Mitchell Scott , Hernly Ellen , Rose Alicia , Sheridan Hilary , Ellerbeck Edward F. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Smoking is the number one preventable cause of deathin the United States. Under the Affordable Care Act, Kansas Medicaidcovers all seven FDA-approved smoking cessation therapies.However, it is estimated only 3% of Kansas Medicaid smokers usetreatment compared to the national estimate of 10%. The objectiveis to determine systemic barriers in place that prevent optimal utilizationof Medicaid smoking cessation benefits among KU MedicalCenter Internal Medicine patients.
Methods. For this quality improvement project, a population of 169Kansas Medicaid smokers was identified who had been seen at the KUInternal Medicine Clinic from January 1, 2015 - February 16, 2016.Phone surveys were completed with 62 individuals about smokingstatus, interest in using smoking cessation treatment options, andawareness of Medicaid coverage of treatment.
Results. Of the 62 respondents, 24 (39%) were prescribed pharmacotherapyand 41 (66%) were interested in using smoking cessationtreatment. There were eight who had quit smoking. Of the remaining54 smokers, 31 (57%) were unaware that Medicaid would coverpharmacotherapy. Of 24 participants who received a prescription forpharmacotherapy, 13 (54%) were able to fill the prescription at no costusing the Medicaid benefit.
Conclusion. The majority of respondents were interested in usingsmoking cessation treatment, yet three main barriers existed to usingMedicaid smoking cessation benefits: physicians not prescribingtreatment to patients, patients not aware of Medicaid coverage, andinadequate pharmacy filling. Improved physician and patient awarenessof Medicaid coverage will facilitate more patients receivingsmoking cessation therapy and ultimately quitting smoking.KS J Med 2017;10(4):88-91.
Characteristics of Laboratory Confirmed Ethylene Glycol and Methanol Exposures Reported to a Regional Poison Control Center
Authors: Tung Robert C. , Thornton Stephen L. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol (MET) exposuresare rare but can cause significant morbidity and mortality.Though frequently treated similarly, EG and MET exposures havecharacteristics that are not well differentiated in the literature. Wesought to describe the clinical characteristics of EG and MET exposures,confirmed with quantitative serum levels.
Methods. An IRB-approved retrospective review of the Universityof Kansas Health System Poison Control Center database from July2005 to July 2015 identified all EG/MET exposures evaluated ata health care facility. Initial measurements were EG/MET levels,serum pH, serum creatinine, anion gap, serum ethanol level, maxanion gap, max osmolar gap, therapy performed (hemodialysis,fomepizole, ethanol) and death.
Results. The search identified 75 cases, with 59 cases having onlydetectable EG levels and 15 cases having only detectable MET levels.The average EG level was 126 mg/dL (range 5 - 834). The averagedetectable methanol level was 78 mg/dL (range 5 - 396). The averagemaximum anion gap of the EG positive group was 20 mEq/L (range8 - 35). The average maximum anion gap of the MET positive groupwas 14 mEq/L (range 6 - 34). One death was reported in the EG positivegroup, with an initial level of 266 mg/dL.
Conclusions. In this study of EG/MET exposures, EG exposureswere more common than MET exposures, but they had similardemographics, laboratory findings, and interventions. Continuedstudies are warranted to characterize these uncommon exposuresfurther. Kans J Med 2018;11(3):67-69.
Um panorama de pesquisas brasileiras realizadas sobre o Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência - PIBID
Authors: Marins Alessandra Senes , Savioli Angela Marta Pereira das Dores , Teixeira Bruno Rodrigo 
Published: June 2019

Este artigo apresenta um panorama de pesquisas que foram realizadas no contexto do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência - PIBID, e teve como objetivo investigar a participação do PIBID na formação do professor que ensina matemática a partir de pesquisas brasileiras de mestrado e doutorado desenvolvidas durante o primeiro ciclo do programa, de seu início em 2009 até o final de 2017. Para seu desenvolvimento realizamos uma análise interpretativa do(s) objetivo(s) e questão(ões) norteadora(s) de trinta e cinco trabalhos, a qual permitiram-nos construir oito eixo temáticos, que - em sua maioria - contemplam na formação do professor que ensina matemática: contribuições, potencialidades, limitações na formação dos integrantes do PIBID; construção/relação de saberes; e compreensões e percepções dos seus participantes. A partir da análise dos resultados das pesquisas, apresentamos uma caracterização em relação à participação do PIBID na formação do professor que ensina matemática, trazendo alguns elementos que foram evidenciados além dos propostos pelos objetivos do programa.
Reflections on Heidegger: Performing Translations in Active Space Environments
Authors: Naugle Lisa , Crawford John 
Published: June 2019

No abstract availableThis article was originally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as part of The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 2 (2012), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.
Revitalização do patrimônio cultural e experiência educativa através do cineclubismo
Authors: Silva Juliana Perez de Aragão , Braz Diego Fernandes , Batista Sueli Soares dos Santos 
Published: June 2019

A partir da leitura do texto “A era do cinema”, de Arnold Hauser e das visitas ao antigo cinema de Francisco Morato, surgiu o tema que resul-tou nesta pesquisa que tem como problema central as relações atuaisestabelecidas com o patrimônio cultural em decorrência das media-ções entre tecnologia e cultura e a importância de analisar a produçãocinematográfica neste contexto. Devido à ausência de espaços públi-cos para a divulgação e preservação do patrimônio cultural produzidopelo cinema, optou-se por estudar a ação dos cineclubes para analisarem que medida exercem uma função social de valorização da culturana relação com a tecnologia e sua eficiência aliada à construção de umprocesso educativo potencializador da percepção dos espectadoresvalorizando elementos históricos, sociais, da memória e de incentivo àprática cultural local e alternativa. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográficae de campo a respeito das práticas cineclubistas em Itatiba e Jundiaíe das relações estabelecidas entre tecnologia, educação, cultura, e so-ciedade verificou-se a nítida atuação dos cineclubes enquanto práticasocial e ação fomentadora da experiência educativa, resgatando dife-rentes linguagens e possibilidades como instrumento de expressão eoportunidade de resistência e produção cultural.
A medida socioeducativa de liberdade assistida como alternativa de educação não formal
Authors: Dias Aline Fávaro , Onofre Elenice Maria Cammarosano 
Published: June 2019

Este texto apresenta algumas compreensões do papel da educação nãoformal no contexto de um Programa de Medidas Socioeducativas emMeio Aberto, do interior do estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizadoscomo procedimentos de coleta de dados, a observação participante,conversas informais e entrevistas. Participaram como sujeitos dez jo-vens em cumprimento de Medida de Liberdade Assistida e que fre-quentavam as atividades do Programa. Os resultados da análise dos dados apresentam práticas sociais ali vivenciadas, incluindo-se as re-lações conflituosas, as quais se traduzem em processos educativos naformação dos jovens e contribuem para a construção da identidade, doautoconceito e da autoestima. O estudo evidencia que, pelas práticassociais não formais de educação, os jovens aprendem convivendo, oque lhes possibilita criações e recriações, significações e ressignifica-ções em diferentes tipos de relações, inclusive as escolares, e vão seconstituindo como seres históricos que (re)constroem suas identida-des, subjetividades, valores e percepções de seu papel no mundo.