bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological activities of essential oils from the genus Ferula (Apiaceae)
Authors: Sahebkar Amirhossein , Iranshahi Mehrdad 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The genus Ferula (Apiaceae) comprises about 170 species occurring from central Asia westward to northern Africa. This genus is well-known in folk medicine for the treatment of various organ disorders. Most of Ferula species possess strong aromatic smell that is due to the presence of essential oil or oleoresin in their different organs. This article reviews anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and other biological activities of Ferula oils reported to date. For medicinal applications, the chemical composition of volatile oils obtained from different Ferula species is summarized in Appendix.
The learning curve in head and neck reconstruction with microvascular free flaps: a retrospective review
Authors: Mahattanasakul Patnarin , Kerekhanjanarong Veerachai , Apipan Porn-ake 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Tissue defect around the head and neck region is a great challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Successful outcomes of surgery is influenced by many factors such as surgical technique in recipient and donor site, meticulous microvascular anastomosis, position of vascular pedicle, and post-surgery monitoring. The learning curve is important for any new microvascular surgeons. Objectives: Evaluate the quality of training for a new otolaryngologist, head and neck surgeon, on their performance of free flaps in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery using a retrospective review. Methods: Nineteen microvascular free flaps in patients from the ENT Center of Rajavithi Hospital were reviewed between November 2008 and October 2009. Incidences of free flap survival, and partial and complete necrosis were examined. Results: Eighteen patients with microvascular free flaps had head and neck cancer. 88.9% of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma. There were nine radial forearm free flaps, five anterolateral thigh free flaps, two rectus abdominis free flap, two iliac-free flap, and one fibular-free flap. The overall success rate of the free flap reconstructions was 84%. One partial and three total necrosis were done on the 19 flaps. Conclusion: Causes of free flap failure were similar and not dependent on the experienced of the surgeons. The postgraduate training program in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is effective in providing new microvascular surgeons the skills to perform successful microvascular and reconstructive surgeries.
Adrenomedullin administration alters vascular endothelial growth factor levels in rats in cold stress
Authors: Yildirim Nuran Cikcikoglu , Yurekli Muhittin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground: Many endogenous peptides play important regulatory roles in angiogenesis by modulating endothelial cell behavior. Adrenomedullin (AdM) is one of such factors. Angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are indistinguishable. Exposure to cold environment stimulates capillary angiogenesis. Objectives: Examine the effect of the bioactive peptide AdM on VEGF levels in rat liver, lung, brain, and heart tissues after cold stress treatment. Methods: Male wistar rats were divided into four groups as control, AdM treatment, cold stress and AdM+cold stress treated groups. In AdM-treated group, animals received intraperitoneal injection of AdM (2000 ng/kg body weight) once a day during a week. For the cold stress exposure, the rats were kept in separate cages at 10°C for a week. Results: The administration of AdM increased VEGF levels in all tissues in cold exposed rats. Conclusion: AdM may be a major regulatory factor in angiogenesis by modulating VEGF levels that is closely associated with cold exposure-related metabolic stimulation.
The Present-Day Climate of Eastern Europe as Viewed in The Context of Atmospheric Circulation Change
Authors: Martazinova Vazira F. , Tymofeyev Vladislav E. , Ivanova Elena K. , Chayka Dar’ya Y. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Climate change over the territory of the Atlantic-European sector during the recent decades is studied with reference to changes in the largescale atmospheric circulation. The classification of synoptic patterns (from the class of most probably to the class of least probable fields) is given for winter and summer for the last three decades, starting from 1974-1983. The synoptic pattern of the most probable class of field sea-level pressure shows high pressure over Europe in 1974-2005, which from decade to decade occupies more and more territory in summer and winter. The high temporal stability of predominant synoptic patterns is responsible for long-lived events of extreme warm and dry weather in winter and in summer for heat waves and droughts. The synoptic patterns corresponding to such dangerous weather conditions as extreme cold, strong precipitation, glaze ice, strong winds, hail etc. are discussed as well.
Influence of Atmospheric Circulation on Air Temperature and Precipitation in the Bydgoszcz–Toruń Region in the Period from 1921 to 2000
Authors: Przybylak Rajmund , Maszewski Rafał 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The following article presents the results of research on the influence of atmospheric circulation on air temperature and atmospheric precipitation in the Bydgoszcz-Toruń region (Poland) in the period 1921-2000. In order to do this, we have constructed a daily calendar of synoptic situations using criteria proposed by Niedźwiedź (1981). Daily values of air temperature and atmospheric precipitation were collected from the meteorological station in Toruń. Research results show that weather conditions in the study area are influenced predominantly by the direction of air mass advection and, to a lesser extent, by the prevailing type of isobaric system.
Variability of the Icelandic Low and the Azores High in January and Their Influence on Climatic Conditions in Poland
Authors: Falarz Małgorzata 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The study analysed long-term changes and the variability of the Icelandic Low and the Azores High in January and their influence on thermal, precipitation and nival conditions in Poland in the period 1901-2000. There were no statistically significant (0.05) trends of analysed centres of action in January in the 20th century. However, in the second half of the century the center of the Icelandic Low in January moved northwards and the sea-level pressure in the center of the Azores High increased significantly. The latter change was the reason for the significant increasing difference between the Azores High and the Icelandic Low. This change caused the intensification of western advection over Europe. Changes in sea-level pressure in the Icelandic Low and the longitude of the Azores High in January explain about 40% of temperature and snow cover variability in Poland. The variability of some features of the centres of action describes the changes of precipitation and snow cover in Poland better than the NAO index.
Changes in Frequency of Occurrence of Yearly Precipitation Anomalies in the Lublin Region in the Second Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Mrugała Szczepan , Siwek Krzysztof 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to characterise changes in frequency of occurrence of anomalous yearly sums of atmospheric precipitation in the Lublin region in the period 1951-2000. In the second half of the 20th century negative precipitation anomaly occurred in a larger number of stations than the positive anomaly. Particularly strong anomalies were observed in two decades (1951-1960 and 1981-1990). However, during two following decades (1961-1970 and 1971-1980) the positive anomaly occurred in more stations.
Weather Types in the Norwegian Arctic
Authors: Araźny Andrzej 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In order to assess the usefulness of Norwegian Arctic bioclimatic conditions for outdoor activities in the years 1971-2000, the author applied his own weather typology developed on the basis of the classification proposed by Błażejczyk (1979). The typology classified four weather groups for the study area. Atmospheric circulation types proposed by Niedźwiedź (2002) were used to determine the synoptic situations and types of favourable weather conditions for outdoor recreation, tourism and work, as well as those that may pose a threat to human life.
The Svalbard Airport Temperature Series
Authors: Nordli Øyvind 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In the Isfjorden region of Spitsbergen in the Svalbard archipelago, the air temperature has been observed continuously at different sites since 1911 (except for a break during WW II). The thermal conditions at these various sites turned out to be different so that nesting the many series together in one composite time series would produce an inhomogenous long-term series. By using the SNHT (Standard Normal Homogeneity Test) the differences between the sites were assessed and the series adjusted accordingly. This resulted in an homogenised, composite series mainly from Green Harbour (Finneset in Grønfjorden), Barentsburg (also in Grønfjorden), Longyearbyen and the current observation site at Svalbard Airport. A striking feature in the series is a pronounced, abrupt change from cold temperature in the 1910s to warmth in the 1930s, when temperature reached a local maximum. This event is called the early 20th century warming. Thereafter the temperature decreased to a local minimum in the 1960s before the start of another increase that still seems to be ongoing. For the whole series, statistically significant positive trends were detected by the Mann-Kendall test for annual and seasonal values (except for winter). Quite often the Norwegian Meteorological Institute receives queries about long-term temperature series from Svalbard. Hopefully, the Svalbard Airport composite series will fulfil this demand for data. It may be downloaded free of charge from the Institute’s home page: http://sharki.oslo.dnmi.no and should be used with reference to this article.
Long-Term Variability of Precipitation form in Hornsund (Spitsbergen) in Relation to Atmospheric Circulation (1979–2009)
Authors: Łupikasza Ewa 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses the impact of the atmospheric circulation on the long-term variability of liquid, mixed and solid precipitation. The three precipitation forms were characterised by their totals, the number of days when they prevailed, and the contribution of each to the overall precipitation totals. Trends, as a background to further analysis, were calculated with regard to each characteristic of each precipitation form. The most significant increases were recorded in the contribution of liquid precipitation to the overall precipitation totals in September and in the mixed precipitation totals in December and November. Arctic Oscillation (AO) was found to have only a minor influence on the long-term variability of precipitation characteristics. The AO phase could to some degree account for the observed variation in the number of days with liquid precipitation. On the other hand, the direction of the local advection could account for considerably more of this variability and also the variability in liquid precipitation totals.
Geomorphology and Vegetation History of the Rypienica Channel, the Dobrzyń Lakeland, North Poland
Authors: Wysota Wojciech , Noryśkiewicz Bożena 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe article presents the characteristics of the relief of the Rypienica channel (the Dobrzyń Lakeland, North Poland) and the postglacial development of vegetation in this area. The detailed analysis of the organic sediments of the peat-bog vegetation of the Rypienica channel documents the development of vegetation since the beginning of the Holocene until the younger part of the Subatlantic period. Holocene sediments record changes in the local vegetation of this peat-bog brought about by fluctuations in climate, changes in local hydrological conditions and the impact of human activity.
"SEHATI" SEBAGAI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SOSIOLOGI DI SMA
Authors: Lokesywara Zulkarnaen Syri 
Published: April 2018

Pengajaran Sosiologi di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) ternyata menemui beberapa kendala. Sejumlah persoalan yang dihadapi guru dan siswa antara lain terlalu menekankan kemampuan kognitif, lebih menekankan proses deduktif, substansinya terlalu teoritis dan abstrak, kurang memberi ruang bagi guru dalam mengembangkan materi untuk pendalaman terhadap komponenÂ­ komponen yang dianggap perlu, kurang memberikan kesempatan kepada guru untuk mengembangkan materi lokal, dan metodeÂ pembelajarannya sangat monoton yang didominasi oleh ceramah satu arah. Agar proses pembelajaran dapat berlangsung secara optimal, dicoba sebuah model dalam proses pembelajaran Sosiologi yang disebut "SEHATI". Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 83 siswa kelas IIIÂ IPS SMAN I Jatinom pada tahun pembelajaran 2005/2006. Dengan model SEHATI, ternyata 91,6 % siswa menyatakan bahwa prosesÂ pembelajaran Sosiologi menjadi lebih menyenangkan. TingkatÂ intensitas keterlibatan semua siswa (100 %) dalam pembelajaran dengan model SEHATI pun termasuk kategori tinggi. Kenyataan tersebut patut disyukuri, karena berdasarkan analisis statistik diketahui terdapat hubungan positif yang sangat kuat antara intensitas keterlibatan tersebut dengan prestasi belajar siswa.Â
Preliminary Investigation of the Interest Education of Retired college Teachers under Lifelong Education
Authors: Chang Shanshan 
Published: April 2018

China has a large base of aging population, and its speed entering the aging society and the growth rate are higher than the average level of the world; however, China's awareness and actions against the population aging are relatively backward. Aging education is an important part of lifelong education; more importantly, it is an important manifestation of education to deal with the aging society. The interest education of retired college teachers is an important component of the aging education and lifelong education; laying a solid foundation for the interest education of retired college teachers would make great contributions to China's aging education. Helping the retired college teachers to realize second advancement and promotion of their enterprises, as well as realizing self-values via the guiding method of interest education is an essential way under the scientific outlook on development. The realization of the interest education of retired college teachers lies in three steps; i.e. intensify college teachers' acknowledgement of the interest education, build and perfect the interest education institutions for the college teachers, as well as conducting the interest education of the retired college teachers.
Under "Integration of Doing, Learning and Teaching", Research on the Project-Based Teaching Innovation of "Landscape Planning and Design"
Authors: Du Peiming , Lu Minghua 
Published: April 2018

Based on the research on the project course theory of "integration of theory and practice" in higher vocational education and the analysis of practical teaching in colleges and universities at home and abroad, combined with literature research, case analysis, system theory and other research methods, the project-based teaching goal, model, content and means of "integration of doing, learning and teaching" in higher vocational education is explored, and the project-based teaching model of "Landscape Planning and Design" is discussed combined with the application of information-based teaching methods. So as to provide references for carrying out the project-based teaching in similar courses in higher vocational colleges and really achieve docking the actual post requirements with the course to provide the basis for achieving the purpose of cultivating skilled talents in higher vocational education.
Research on the Policies and Means Changes of Macro Regulation and Control of Chinese and Foreign Governments
Authors: Cai Chengrong 
Published: April 2018

In the process of economic development, government uses the "visible hand" to achieve macroeconomic regulation and control for "market failure", which has been common knowledge among people after World War II. Comparing policy and means adopted by Chinese and foreign governments in macro regulation and control, we can see that the choice is different in different historical periods and the change of emphasis in macro regulation and control policy and means has the convergence tendency. We can make the following conclusion from research of the change rules of macro regulation and control means in the market economic condition of Chinese and foreign governments: supply-side structural reform in China complies with the basic rules of development of market economy.
Makna ‘Seneng lan Kemringet’ dalam Festival Lima Gunung
Authors: Aswoyo Joko , Rustopo Rustopo , Simatupang Lono Lastoro , Kartono Drajat Tri 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article aims to discover the meaning of the expression ‘seneng lan kemringet’ at FLG (Festival Lima Gunung) in Magelang. The expression ‘seneng lan kemringet’ gives an opportunity to anybody who involved to reveal his existence and to speak about the essence of himself. By building a sense of familiarity, direct involvement in art activities, and dialogue with the farmers about circumstances in the field, it will be possible to reveal the meaning behind the expression ‘seneng lan kemringet'. The research results showed that within the expression 'seneng lan kemringet', there is vitality as a fundamental asset for the FLG sustainability. ‘Seneng lan kemringet’ can also be understood as an autonomy and self-actualization. Additionally, 'seneng lan kemringet' is a part of a game with the goal of displaying self-existence. Finally, ‘seneng lan kemringet’ is an embodiment of self-esteem. Keywords: ‘seneng lan kemringet’, vitality, and game AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna ungkapan ‘seneng lan kemringet’ pada Festival Lima Gunung (FLG) di Magelang. Ungkapan ‘seneng lan kemringet’ memberi kesempatan bagi yang terlibat untuk mengungkapkan keberadaannya dan berbicara tentang hakikat dirinya. Dengan keakraban, keterlibatan langsung dalam aktivitas kesenian, dan berdialog dengan petani atas kenyataan-kenyataan di lapangan, akan dapat disingkap makna di balik ungkapan ‘seneng lan kemringet’ tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian kami menunjukkan bahwa di dalam ungkapan ‘seneng lan kemringet’ tersimpan daya hidup sebagai modal dasar keberlanjutan FLG. ‘Seneng lan kemringet’ juga dimaknai sebagai otonomi dan aktualisasi diri. Selain itu, ‘seneng lan kemringet’ adalah bagian dari permainan dengan tujuan untuk memperlihatkan eksistensi diri. Pada akhirnya, ‘seneng lan kemringet’ merupakan kebanggaan diri.Kata kunci: ‘seneng lan kemringet’, daya hidup, dan permainan
İlahi Dinlerde Yaratılış- Evrim Tartışmaları
Authors: Alici Mustafa 
Published: April 2018

ÖzetYahudilik,
Hıristiyanlık ve İslam gibi İlahi dinler, ruhani yaratılışa vurgu yapan ve
maddi alemin yaratılışını ihmal eden Hint geleneklerinin aksine, ruhun yanında maddi
evrenin yaratılışına da özel vurgu yapan geleneklerdir.Yahudi
kutsal kitap külliyatı içinde Yaratılış Kitabı, genel anlamda evrenin yaratılışı
özel anlamda ilk insan Hz. Adem’in yaratılışı konusunda teolojik bilgiler
vermektedir. Yeni Ahit Külliyatı içinde ise Yuhanna kitabı yaratılış konusunda
önemli ipuçlarına sahiptir. Ancak söz konusu referansların genel olarak modern
dönemdeki evrimci seküler görüşlerin gelişmesine ve revaç bulmasına meydan
verdiğini söylemek de mümkündür.İslam
geleneği içindeki güncel evrim tartışmaları modern Kelam ilminin temel
meseleleri arasında yer alır. Yaratılışı merhale merhale anlatan Kur’an-ı
Kerim, din ile bilimin, akıl ile vahyin uzlaşısını öne çıkarmakta bir anlamda
ortayol izlemektedir. Bu bağlamda Kur’an, yaratma eylemindeki teferrruat ve
karmaşıklığa vurgu yaparken aynı zamanda modern biyolojik evrimcilerin
görüşlerini değerlendirecek ipuçlarını da sunmaktadır. Bu
çalışmamızda Yahudilik, Hıristiyanlık ve İslam geleneklerindeki evrim ve
yaratılış hakkındaki güncel tartışmalara değinilecek ve tarihsel fenomenolojik
yöntemle mukayese yapılacak aynı zamanda modern teorisyenlerin bu konudaki
görüşleri değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaratışcılık, Evrimcilik, İlahi Dinler
Quality-of-Service Differentiation for Smart Grid Neighbor Area Networks
Authors: Rajalingham Gowdemy , Ho Quang-Dung , Le-Ngoc Tho 
Published: April 2018

Neighbor Area Networks (NAN) play a crucial role in the Smart Grid Communications Network (SGCN) and provide connectivity for a vast number of smart meters (SMs) while meeting the varying Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of different types of Smart Grid (SG) applications. To that effect, this paper explores the incorporation of QoS differentiation at the network layer in order to shape and control traffic of multiple classes in an end-to-end manner for the SG NAN using the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). In particular, this paper proposes QoS enabling extensions, RPL-M and RPL-M+, within the RPL framework by associating multiple network graph instances to different SG application requirements. For illustration, the paper considers two deployment scenarios: large-scale dense urban area and microgrid-based remote rural region. Simulation-centric performance evaluation, in terms of latency and throughput, is performed for periodic and critical traffic classes, for two distinct grid conditions, with increasing data traffic load. The rural region is chosen to highlight achievable performance for microgrids and the transferability of results to different grid architectures.
The influence of FAC particle size on the damping capacity and dynamic Young's modulus of AZ91D/FAC composites at high temperature
Authors: Yu Si-Rong , Li Fan-Guo , Chu Hong-Chao , Liu En-Yang 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Composites of AZ91D magnesium alloy reinforced with fly-ash cenosphere (FAC) were prepared by a stirring method. The effects of the FAC particle size (83, 116, and 146 μm) and the test frequency (0.5, 1, and 5 Hz) on high-temperature damping capacity and dynamic Young's modulus of the composites were investigated. The results show that the FAC particles distributed homogeneously in the Mg-alloy matrix and some new phases formed. The composites with 146-μm FAC exhibited the highest damping capacity at all test frequencies at high temperatures, whereas the highest dynamic Young's modulus was exhibited by the composites with 83-μm FAC. Therefore, composites with good damping capacity and mechanical properties could be obtained through selection of reinforcement particles of an appropriate size.