bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection for disease tipping points by landscape dynamic network biomarkers
Authors: Liu Xiaoping , Chang Xiao , Leng Siyang , Tang Hui , Aihara Kazuyuki , Chen Luonan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTA new model-free method has been developed and termed the landscape dynamic network biomarker (l-DNB) methodology. The method is based on bifurcation theory, which can identify tipping points prior to serious disease deterioration using only single-sample omics data. Here, we show that l-DNB provides early-warning signals of disease deterioration on a single-sample basis and also detects critical genes or network biomarkers (i.e. DNB members) that promote the transition from normal to disease states. As a case study, l-DNB was used to predict severe influenza symptoms prior to the actual symptomatic appearance in influenza virus infections. The l-DNB approach was then also applied to three tumor disease datasets from the TCGA and was used to detect critical stages prior to tumor deterioration using an individual DNB for each patient. The individual DNBs were further used as individual biomarkers in the analysis of physiological data, which led to the identification of two biomarker types that were surprisingly effective in predicting the prognosis of tumors. The biomarkers can be considered as common biomarkers for cancer, wherein one indicates a poor prognosis and the other indicates a good prognosis.
Funding system reform for excellence in science: an interview with Jinghai Li, President of NSFC
Authors: Zhou Zhonghe , Zhao Weijie 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is the major funding agency for China's basic research in natural science. The total budget for NSFC was 26.7 billion Yuan (RMB) in 2017, accounting for 27% of China's total investment in basic research. In the past decades, continuous increases in the National Natural Science Fund and other funding programs provided strong support for the rapid growth in China's science and technology (S&T). In the second half of 2018, NSFC unveiled a deep reform plan that aims to build a fair, efficient and standardized new funding system that meets the demands of excellence in science in the twenty-first century in 5–10 years. Why did NSFC propose this reform? What are the major tasks of this reform? And how would NSFC implement this reform? All-in-all, this reform would not only have profound effect on S&T in China but also matters the world for the global collaborative efforts for the science. Recently, National Science Review had an exclusive interview with Jinghai Li, President of NSFC and Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, to learn his views and perspectives of the future of NSFC.
Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed and red clover isoflavones on rumen microbial populations and physiological parameters of beef cattle1,2
Authors: Melchior Emily A , Smith Jason K , Schneider Liesel G , Mulliniks J Travis , Bates Gary E , Flythe Michael D , Klotz James L , Ji Huihua , Goodman Jack P , Lee Amanda R , Caldwell J Marc , Myer Phillip R 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Lolium arundinaceum [(Darbyshire) tall fescue] toxicosis is responsible for substantial beef production losses in the United States, due to its negative effects on reproduction, growth, and feed efficiency. These effects are consequences of toxic alkaloids within tall fescue. Interseeding legumes, such as Trifolium pratense (red clover), into pastures has been shown to mitigate a portion of these effects. Clovers contain isoflavones, which may play a role in tall fescue toxicosis mitigation. The present study utilized 36 Angus steers to determine the effects of daily supplementation with a red clover-isolated isoflavone feed additive on physiological symptoms of tall fescue toxicosis and the rumen microbial environment over a 21-d period. Angus steers were initially stratified based upon their single nucleotide polymorphism genotype at the DRD2 receptor. Treatments were then randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement within a completely randomized design, where treatment factors consisted of tall fescue seed type (endophyte-infected tall fescue seed vs. endophyte-free tall fescue seed) supplemented with and without the isoflavone additive. Steers that consumed endophyte-infected tall fescue seed had lower serum prolactin concentrations (P = 0.0007), average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.003), final body weight (BW; P = 0.004), and feed efficiency (P = 0.018) when compared with steers that consumed endophyte-free tall fescue seed. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) tended to be reduced with supplementation of isoflavones (P = 0.06) but was unaffected by seed type (P ≥ 0.10) and seed by treatment interaction (P ≥ 0.10). Isoflavones reduced serum glucose levels (P = 0.023), but neither seed type, isoflavones, or their interaction affected serum urea nitrogen (SUN), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), or insulin (P ≥ 0.10). Volatile fatty acid concentrations, dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal pH, and overall feeding behaviors were also unaffected by seed type or isoflavone treatments (P ≥ 0.10). Twenty-eight ruminal bacteria taxa shifted as a result of seed type or isoflavone treatment (P &lt; 0.05). In this experiment, feeding isoflavones to Angus cattle did not completely mitigate all symptoms of fescue toxicosis. However, dose–response trials may aid future research to determine if dietary supplementation with isoflavones alleviates fescue toxicosis symptoms and promotes livestock growth and performance.
The impact of “super-dosing” phytase in pig diets on growth performance during the nursery and grow-out periods1
Authors: Holloway Cassie L , Boyd R Dean , Koehler Dean , Gould Stacie A , Li Qingyun , Patience John F 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Previous research indicates that “super-dosing” phytase may improve pig growth performance by improved nutrient use, although the benefits appear to be more consistent in nursery than in grow-out pigs. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to determine if performance could be improved by feeding phytase at super-dosed levels, and whether this response would be different if energy and amino acid (AA) were limiting. Experiment 1 involved 440 weaned pigs (6.27 ± 0.01 kg) in a factorial arrangement of treatments comparing the main effects of diet (positive control [PC] balanced for all nutrients vs. a negative control [NC]: 10% lower standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine with relative reduction of all other essential AA and 1% reduced fat) and phytase levels (0 vs. 2,500 FTU Quantum Blue 5G phytase/kg). Pigs were assigned to pen according to a randomized complete block design based on body weight (BW). Feed and water were provided ad libitum across four dietary phases: 3 × 1 wk plus 1 × 2 wk. The average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were improved in the PC relative to the NC (P &lt; 0.05) indicating success in formulating a diet limiting in energy and/or AA. Phytase improved ADG and G:F, regardless of diet composition (P &lt; 0.05). Thus, super-dosing phytase improved nursery pig growth performance, irrespective of diet nutrient adequacy or deficit. Experiment 2 involved 2,200 growing pigs (36.6 ± 0.30 kg) allotted to five treatments: a balanced PC (250 FTU Quantum Blue 5G phytase/kg), an NC (PC with 15% less SID lysine and 1.5% lower net energy [NE]), and three super-dosing phytase treatments applied to the NC totaling 1,000, 1,750, and 2,500 FTU phytase/kg. Feed and water were available ad libitum. At trial completion (approximately 122 kg), the PC pigs were heavier and more efficient than the NC pigs (P &lt; 0.05) indicating success in formulating an NC treatment. Super-dosing phytase had no effect on whole body ADG or average daily feed intake (P &gt; 0.10) but tended to improve G:F and feed energy efficiency (P &lt; 0.10). Super-dosing phytase improved carcass-based feed and feed energy efficiency (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to improve ADG (P &lt; 0.10). Supplying phytase at “super-dosed” levels—above that required to meet the phosphorus requirement—improved growth performance in nursery pigs (6 to 22 kg BW) and provided smaller benefits in grow-finish pigs (37 to 122 kg BW). The improvement during the nursery period was independent of energy and AA levels in the diet.
Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Healthy Neonates in Different Gestational and Postnatal Ages
Authors: Palanisamy Sudhakar , Dutta Sourabh , Attri Savita Verma , Sundaram Venkataseshan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is paucity of normative data on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) in neonates. In Part I of study, we compared CRP in healthy neonates (from 28°/7 weeks to 416/7 weeks of gestation) between various gestational and postnatal age groups in first week. We planned recruitment of 50 participants each in ‘term’, ‘late preterm’ and ‘moderate-to-very preterm’ groups, equally divided in ‘24–95 h’ and ‘96–168 h’ postnatal age sub-groups. In Part II of study, we assayed CRP weekly in moderate-to-very preterm neonates until day 28 to evaluate its trend. Among 154 subjects, term neonates had higher CRP, with highest values among term infants aged 24–95 h. Barring postnatal age, maternal/perinatal factors did not affect CRP levels. CRP did not change significantly over 28 days in moderate-to-very preterm neonates. In conclusion, serum CRP in healthy neonates is highest among term infants aged 24–95 h and does not vary significantly in the first month of life among moderate-to-very preterm infants.
New Antibiotic Approved for Refractory Mycobacterium Avium Complex
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: December 2018

Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (Arikayce) is a newly approved aminoglycoside antibiotic for adults with refractory Mycobacterium avium complex.The product is administered once daily using the Lamira Nebulizer System, which comes with the prescription. Patients need to be taught how to use this system.Amikacin liposome inhalation suspension is associated with a number of respiratory adverse reactions.
Preoperative Opioids and 1-year Patient-reported Outcomes After Spine Surgery
Authors: Hills Jeffrey M. , Pennings Jacquelyn S. , Archer Kristin R. , Wick Joseph B. , Daryoush Joshua , Butler Marjorie , Sivaganesan Ahilan , Khan Inamullah , Call Richard , Devin Clinton J. 
Published: December 2018

Study Design.
Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Objective.
Determine 1-year patient-reported outcomes associated with preoperative chronic opioid therapy and high-preoperative opioid dosages in patients undergoing elective spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Back pain is the most disabling condition worldwide and over half of patients presenting for spine surgery report using opioids. Preoperative dosage has been correlated with poor outcomes, but published studies have not assessed the relationship of both preoperative chronic opioids and opioid dosage with patient-reported outcomes.

Methods.
For patients undergoing elective spine surgery between 2010 and 2017, our prospective institutional spine registry data was linked to opioid prescription data collected from our state's Prescription Drug Monitoring Program to analyze outcomes associated with preoperative chronic opioid therapy and high-preoperative opioid dosage, while adjusting for confounders through multivariable regression analyses. Outcomes included 1-year meaningful improvements in pain, function, and quality of life. Additional outcomes included 1-year satisfaction, return to work, 90-day complications, and postoperative chronic opioid use.

Results.
Of 2128 patients included, preoperative chronic opioid therapy was identified in 21% and was associated with significantly higher odds (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) of not achieving meaningful improvements at 1-year in extremity pain (aOR:1.5 [1.2–2]), axial pain (aOR:1.7 [1.4–2.2]), function (aOR:1.7 [1.4–2.2]), and quality of life (aOR:1.4 [1.2–1.9]); dissatisfaction (aOR:1.7 [1.3–2.2]); 90-day complications (aOR:2.9 [1.7–4.9]); and postoperative chronic opioid use (aOR:15 [11.4–19.7]). High-preoperative opioid dosage was only associated with postoperative chronic opioid use (aOR:4.9 [3–7.9]).

Conclusion.
Patients treated with chronic opioids prior to spine surgery are significantly less likely to achieve meaningful improvements at 1-year in pain, function, and quality of life; and less likely to be satisfied at 1-year with higher odds of 90-day complications, regardless of dosage. Both preoperative chronic opioid therapy and high-preoperative dosage are independently associated with postoperative chronic opioid use.

Level of Evidence: 2
The Case for Using Hydrogen Peroxide Contact Lens Care Solutions: A Review
Authors: Nichols Jason J. , Chalmers Robin L. , Dumbleton Kathy , Jones Lyndon , Lievens Christopher W. , Merchea Mohinder M. , Szczotka-Flynn Loretta 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
Despite their established disinfection and safety benefits, the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) lens care systems among today's wearers of reusable contact lenses remains low in comparison with multipurpose solution (MPS) use. Multipurpose solution systems, however, present several potential drawbacks that may impact patient outcomes, including the use of chemical preservatives for disinfection, biocompatibility issues, and challenges with respect to lens care compliance. Given their unique composition and mechanism of action, one-step H2O2 systems offer the opportunity to avoid many of the challenges associated with MPS use. This article reviews the evolution of H2O2 lens care systems and examines the current scientific and clinical evidence regarding the relative ease of use, lens and tissue compatibility, disinfection efficacy, and ocular surface safety of H2O2 systems. Evaluation of the available data indicates that in comparison with MPS, one-step H2O2 systems tend to promote more favorable compliance, efficacy, comfort, and ocular surface outcomes for a wide range of contact lens–wearing patients. Based on the current published evidence, the authors recommend that eye care practitioners consider making one-step H2O2 systems their first-line contact lens care recommendation for most wearers of reusable lenses.
Management of Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Cohen Shlomi , Hyer Warren , Mas Emmanuel , Auth Marcus , Attard Thomas M. , Spalinger Johannes , Latchford Andrew , Durno Carol 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Polyposis Working Group developed recommendations to assist clinicians and health care providers with appropriate management of patients with juvenile polyposis. This is the first juvenile polyposis Position Paper published by ESPGHAN with invited experts. Many of the published studies were descriptive and/or retrospective in nature, consequently after incorporating a modified version of the GRADE system many of the recommendations are based on expert opinion. This ESPGHAN Position Paper provides a guide for diagnosis, assessment, and management of juvenile polyposis syndrome in children and adolescents, and will be helpful in the appropriate management and timing of procedures in children and adolescents. The formation of international collaboration and consortia is proposed to monitor patients prospectively to advance our understanding of juvenile polyposis conditions.
Rare Phenomenon of Limb-shaking TIA, Resolved With Intracranial Wingspan Stenting
Authors: Ranasinghe Tamra , Boo SoHyun , Adcock Amelia 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
Illustrates the importance of differentiating limb-shaking transient ischemic attack (LS-TIA) from focal seizures and carefully selecting patients for intracranial stenting.

Background:
LS-TIA is associated with severe carotid stenosis or occlusion, often precipitated by cerebral hypoperfusion. A case study of 313 patients with symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis/occlusion reported 11% with LS-TIA. In our literature search, we did not find any other cases of successful treatment of LS-TIA with an intracranial Wingspan stent.

Design/Methods:
A 66-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and left middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke followed by a left internal carotid artery (ICA) endarterectomy presented with transient repetitive involuntary movements (TRIMs) over her right upper and lower limbs. She described episodes of numbness followed by TRIMs over the right side of her body lasting for 1 to 2 minutes. TRIMs occurred only while standing and usually resolved on sitting or lying down.

Results:
Conventional angiogram showed severe stenosis of left supraclinoid ICA and proximal MCA. Brain single photon emission computed tomography scan showed impaired vascular reserve in the left MCA territory. An ambulatory electroencephalogram captured TRIMs without epileptiform discharges. She continued to have symptoms with no improvement over a period of 3 months on maximal medical management. She underwent successful endovascular treatment with the Wingspan stent system in the left M1 segment and terminal ICA. Following the revascularization procedure, her symptoms resolved.

Conclusions:
It is vitally important to differentiate LS-TIA from focal seizures. This is the first documented case report of complete resolution of LS-TIA symptoms following an intracranial Wingspan stenting.
Does High Cerebral Microbleed Burden Increase the Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Ischemic Stroke?
Authors: Arca Karissa N. , Demaerschalk Bart M. , Almader-Douglas Diana , Wingerchuk Dean M. , O’Carroll Cumara B. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The risk of developing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke is well established in the general population. However, the risk associated with stroke thrombolysis in patients with a history of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) is undetermined.

Objective:
The main objective of this study was to critically assess current evidence with regard to the risk of development of ICH after the administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke in patients with CMBs.

Methods:
The objective was addressed through the development of a critically appraised topic that included a clinical scenario, structured question, literature search strategy, critical appraisal, assessment of results, evidence summary, commentary, and bottom-line conclusions. Participants included consultant and resident neurologists, a medical librarian, clinical epidemiologists, and content experts in the field of vascular and hospital neurology.

Results:
A recent individual patient data meta-analysis was selected for critical appraisal. Cohorts were analyzed with pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging to determine CMB burden and were followed-up to assess subsequent symptomatic ICH, hemorrhagic transformation, parenchymal hemorrhage (PH), and remote PH (PHr) following intravenous thrombolysis. Risk of symptomatic ICH, PH, and PHr was increased in the presence of CMBs, with PHr having the strongest association with increasing CMB burden. Only patients with >10 CMBs were found to have associations with poor outcome at 3 to 6 months, whereas there was no association with 3 to 6 months’ mortality.

Conclusions:
CMBs are associated with an increased risk of postthrombolysis ICH; however, the clinical implications have yet to be determined.
Comparison of Three Different Tonometers in Eyes with Angle Closure
Authors: Lee Tae-Eun , Yoo Chungkwon , Kim Yong Yeon 
Published: December 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
Precise measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is essential when diagnosing and managing glaucoma. We compared the IOP readings of three different tonometers and analyzed agreement among tonometers in eyes with high IOPs.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the IOP readings obtained using a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), a rebound tonometer (RT), and a Tono-Pen (TP) in angle-closure eyes with elevated IOP before and after medical IOP-lowering therapy.

METHODS
Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with angle closure and IOPs of greater than 30 mmHg were enrolled. Intraocular pressure was measured using RT (iCare Pro), TP (Tono-Pen XL), and GAT before and after medical treatment. The mean IOP readings of the tonometers were compared before and after treatment. The agreement among the tonometers was assessed via Bland-Altman analysis.

RESULTS
The measurements from 22 eyes of 22 patients were suitable for statistical analyses. Before medical treatment, the mean TP-IOP was significantly lower than the mean GAT-IOP (44.0 ± 10.3 vs. 50.4 ± 8.9 mmHg, respectively; P < .001), but no significant difference was evident between the RT-IOP and the GAT-IOP (50.8 ± 10.9 vs. 50.4 ± 8.9 mmHg, respectively; P = .79). After IOP-lowering treatment, the mean GAT-IOP (14.9 ± 4.7 mmHg) did not differ from either the mean RT-IOP (15.6 ± 4.4 mmHg) or the mean TP-IOP (15.4 ± 5.0 mmHg; P = .05 and P = .18, respectively). The random measurement error among tonometers was greater for high IOP readings.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with RT or GAT, TP underestimated IOP in angle-closure eyes with a GAT-IOP of greater than 30 mmHg. Intraocular pressure reading agreement among the three tonometers was lower in eyes with high IOP.
Outcomes After Comprehensive Vision Rehabilitation Using Vision-related Quality of Life Questionnaires: Impact of Vision Impairment and National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire
Authors: Selivanova Alexandra , Fenwick Eva , Man Ryan , Seiple William , Jackson Mary Lou 
Published: December 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
This research is significant because, although vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) is improved after vision rehabilitation (VR), patients with certain characteristics respond less positively on VRQoL measures, and this should inform future care.

PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to evaluate how two VRQoL questionnaires compare in measuring change in patient-reported outcomes after VR and to determine if patient characteristics or occupational therapy (OT) predict higher scores after rehabilitation.

METHODS
In a prospective clinical cohort study, 109 patients with low vision completed the Impact of Vision Impairment (IVI) and the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) before and after VR. Comprehensive VR included consultation with an ophthalmologist and OT if required. The relationships of six baseline characteristics (age, sex, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, field loss, diagnosis) and OT were assessed with VRQoL scores using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
The mean (SD) age was 68.5 (19.2) years, and 61 (56%) were female. After rehabilitation, increases in scores were observed in all IVI subscales (reading [P < .001], mobility [P = .002], well-being [P = .0003]) and all NEI VFQ-25 subscales (functional [P = .01], socioemotional [P = .003]). Those who were referred to OT but did not attend and those who had hemianopia/field loss were less likely to have higher VRQoL in IVI mobility and well-being. Those attending OT for more than 3 hours were less likely to have better scores in emotional NEI VFQ. Men were less likely to have increased scores in functional and emotional NEI VFQ, whereas those with diagnoses of nonmacular diseases had higher odds of having increased scores on the emotional NEI VFQ (all, P < .05).

CONCLUSION
Both the IVI and the NEI VFQ-25 detected change in patients' VRQoL after rehabilitation. Most of the patient characteristics we considered predicted a lower likelihood of increased scores in VRQoL.