bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Soroka Acute Myocardial Infarction II (SAMI II) Project
Authors: Plakht Ygal , Abu Eid Abeer , Gilutz Harel , Shiyovich Arthur 
Published: December 2018

Cardiovascular (CV) patients are becoming older with a greater number of CV risk factors (CVRFs). The Framingham risk score (FRS) includes the major CVRFs and is used for CV risk stratification. We investigated temporal trends in burden of CVRFs among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) throughout a decade. Patients with AMI hospitalized through 2002 to 2012 were studied. The baseline characteristics included age, sex, ethnicity, type of AMI (ST-segment elevation [STEMI] vs non-STEMI [NSTEMI]), coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, smoking, and blood lipid profile. The FRS was calculated for each patient. A total of 14 698 AMI admissions were included (age 66.9 ± 13.6 years, 68% males, 47.6% STEMI). Half of admitted cases had ≥4 CVRFs. The mean FRS was 17.1 ± 4.1. Throughout the study period, patients with AMI became older with increased burden of CVRFs. The mean FRS increased from 16.8 ± 4.0 (2002) to 17.3 ± 4.1 (2012; P < .001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant increase in FRS among patients with NSTEMI and significant decrease for patients with STEMI. Conclusions: The last decade, patients with AMI became older with increased burden of CVRFs. Framingham risk score increased among patients with NSTEMI and decreased in patients with STEMI. These trends impact on risk stratification and secondary prevention programs.
Thirty-year cardiovascular risk score in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives
Authors: Coello Klara , Kjærstad Hanne L , Stanislaus Sharleny , Melbye Sigurd , Faurholt-Jepsen Maria , Miskowiak Kamilla Woznica , McIntyre Roger S , Vinberg Maj , Kessing Lars V , Munkholm Klaus 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Bipolar disorder is associated with a decreased life expectancy of 8–12 years. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of excess mortality. For the first time, we investigated the Framingham 30-year risk score of cardiovascular disease in patients with newly diagnosed/first-episode bipolar disorder, their unaffected first-degree relatives and healthy individuals. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we compared the Framingham 30-year risk score of cardiovascular disease in 221 patients with newly diagnosed/first-episode bipolar disorder, 50 of their unaffected first-degree relatives and 119 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals with no personal or first-degree family history of affective disorder. Among patients with bipolar disorder, we further investigated medication- and illness-related variables associated with cardiovascular risk. Results: The 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease was 98.5% higher in patients with bipolar disorder ( p = 0.017) and 85.4% higher in unaffected first-degree relatives ( p = 0.042) compared with healthy individuals in models adjusted for age and sex. When categorizing participants in low cardiovascular risk without considering age and sex distribution among participants, 81% of patients were at low risk, versus 92% of unaffected relatives and 89% of healthy individuals. Of the patients 209 (94.6%) were diagnosed within the preceding 2 years. Smoking was more prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder (45.2%) and their unaffected first-degree relatives (20.4%) compared with healthy individuals (12.8%). Similarly, dyslipidemia was more common among patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy individuals. Treatment with psychotropic medication with metabolic adverse effects was associated with higher 30-year cardiovascular disease risk score, whereas we did not find illness-related variables associated with cardiovascular risk among patients with bipolar disorder. Conclusion: We found an enhanced cardiovascular disease risk score in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives, which points to a need for specific primary preventive interventions against smoking and dyslipidemia in these populations.
Workload and Performance: Associations, Insensitivities, and Dissociations
Authors: Hancock P. A. , Matthews Gerald 
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to distill and define those influences under which change in objective performance level and the linked cognitive workload reflections of subjective experience and physiological variation either associate, dissociate, or are insensitive, one to another. Background: Human factors/ergonomics frequently employs users’ self-reports of their own conscious experience, as well as their physiological reactivity, to augment the understanding of changing performance capacity. Under some circumstances, these latter workload responses are the only available assessment information to hand. How such perceptions and physiological responses match, fail to match, or are insensitive to the change in primary-task performance can prove critical to operational success. The reasons underlying these associations, dissociations, and insensitivities are central to the success of future effective human–machine interaction. Method: Using extant research on the relations between differing methods of workload assessment, factors influencing their association, dissociation, and insensitivity are identified. Results: Dissociations and insensitivities occur more frequently than extant explanatory theories imply. Methodological and conceptual reasons for these patterns of incongruity are identified and evaluated. Application: We often seek convergence of results in order to provide coherent explanations as bases for future prediction and practical design implementation. Identifying and understanding the causes as to why different reflections of workload diverge can help practitioners toward operational success.
Trends in Pharmaceutical Advertising
Authors: Wegner Walter O. 
Published: December 2018

To inform physicians about their products and to induce them to prescribe those products, drug manufacturers rely increasingly on medical journals. These professional publications enjoy a high degree of readership among physicians and, therefore, are an important instrument in the pharmaceutical marketing process. This article points out some of the major trends in medical-journal advertising and concludes with a forecast for the next two decades.
Distributing Fertilizers by Administrative Order in India
Authors: Walters J. Hart 
Published: December 2018

What happens when a government tries to substitute its own decisions for those of the market place in determining who shall consume what quantities of a commodity? The Indian Government's fertilizer-consumption goals deviated substantially from previously existing market patterns. The Government was partly successful in changing consumption patterns by allocating fertilizer supplies to specified crops and regions in keeping with its planned targets. Some difficulties were encountered, largely because the method Government used to set its allotment quotas differed from those that actually determined the amounts taken by wholesale and retail distributors.
Continuous Formation of Liturgy through Social Cognition
Authors: De Klerk Ben J. , Kruger Ferdi P. 
Published: December 2018

Continuous formation of liturgy through social cognition In this article the authors intend to do research on two focal points, namely liturgical formation and also the influence that social cognition has on formation. Within a South African context it is evident that Western cultural liturgical traditions and African traditions are meeting each other. This meeting is challenging because of the questions that come to the foreground in addressing this matter. The process of enculturalisation is prominent in recent research. This research is although referring to the process of social cognition as a manner in which people are observing each other and also ‘n manner in which people are trying to make sense of other cultures and people of that cultures. People's cognition can be wrong and therefore distortions can also emanate. The main research question for this investigation is: How does social cognition influence the process of liturgical formation? In this research, first of all, the authors offer a descriptive-empirical vantage point in order to investigate this matter. Two local congregations were visited. The authors give reflection of their own cognition but also provide the cognition of the leaders which are interviewed. Normative perspectives from Acts 17:16–35 is provided to highlight the role of cognition of liturgical formation. The hermeneutic interaction between the various elements of this research and also hermeneutic guidelines are provided.
Congregational Song as Liturgical Ordo and Proper: The Case of English-Language Hymns and Hymnals
Authors: Tucker Karen B. Westerfield 
Published: December 2018

Hymns are for us Dissenters what the liturgy is for the Anglican. They are the framework, the setting, the conventional, the traditional part of divine service as we use it. They are, to adopt the language of the liturgiologists, the Dissenting Use. That is why we understand and love them as no one else does. You have only to attend Anglican services to discover that the Anglican, though he can write a hymn, cannot use it. It does not fit the Prayer Book service. 1 1 Bernard Lord Manning, The Hymns of Wesley and Watts (London: Epworth Press 1942) 133-4. It is therefore surprising to find the statement that hymns are “particularly associated with [the] Anglican church” under the entry “Hymn” in Michael Kennedy, The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 2nd edn, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press 1994
Socio-environmental Conflict, Political Settlements, and Mining Governance: A Cross-Border Comparison, El Salvador and Honduras
Authors: Bebbington Anthony , Fash Benjamin , Rogan John 
Published: December 2018

During the mid-2000s, Honduras and El Salvador implemented mining moratoria. By 2017 El Salvador had legislated a globally unprecedented ban on all forms of metal mining, while in Honduras mining was expanding aggressively. These neighboring countries present the explanatory challenge of understanding the distinct trajectories of mining policy and politics. These divergent pathways can be explained by the interactions between the political economy of subsoil resources, national political settlements, and the ways in which diverse actors have taken advantage (or not) of openings in these settlements. A mediados de la década del 2000, Honduras y El Salvador implementaron moratorias mineras. Para el 2017, El Salvador había legislado una prohibición sin precedentes a nivel mundial de todas las formas de minería de metales, mientras que en Honduras la minería se estaba expandiendo agresivamente. Estos países vecinos presentan el desafío explicativo de comprender las distintas trayectorias de la política minera y la política. Estas vías divergentes pueden explicarse por las interacciones entre la economía política de los recursos del subsuelo, los acuerdos políticos nacionales y las formas en que diversos actores han aprovechado (o no) las aperturas en estos acuerdos.
Bereaved Parents More Satisfied With the Care Given to Their Child With Severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy Than Nonbereaved
Authors: Hjorth Elin , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Sejersen Thomas , Jeppesen Jørgen , Werlauff Ulla , Rahbek Jes , Lövgren Malin 
Published: December 2018

Background and aims: Children with severe spinal muscular atrophy have complex care needs due to progressive muscle weakness, eventually leading to respiratory failure. To design a care system adapted to families’ needs, more knowledge about parents’ experience of care and its coordination between settings is required. This study explores (1) whether parents felt that health professionals took every opportunity to help the child feel as good as possible, (2) parents’ satisfaction with various care settings, and (3) parents’ satisfaction with coordination between settings. Methods: Data derive from nationwide Swedish and Danish surveys of bereaved and nonbereaved parents of children with severe spinal muscular atrophy born between 2000 and 2010 in Sweden and 2003 and 2013 in Denmark (N = 95, response rate = 84%). Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used. Results: Although most of the parents reported that care professionals had taken every opportunity to help the child feel as good as possible, one-third reported the opposite. Bereaved parents were significantly more satisfied with care than nonbereaved (81% vs 29%). The children received care at many different locations, for all of which parents rated high satisfaction. However, some were dissatisfied with care coordination, describing lack of knowledge and communication among staff, and how they as parents had to take the initiative in care management. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of improving disease-specific competence, communication and knowledge exchange among staff. For optimal care for these children and families, parents should be included in dialogues on care and staff should be more proactive and take care management initiatives.
Ayesha Memorial Hospital (A)
Authors: Bashir Mohsin 
Published: December 2018

The case is divided into two parts and an epilogue is provided to the students at the end of the discussion. Case A discusses the protagonist Murtaza’s arrival in a hospital that is affected by a hidden power struggle between opposing parties. In an attempt to exercise his influence and improve the hospital’s operations, the protagonist introduces reforms and changes to the hospital’s processes. However, as a result of his increasing influence and knack for not respecting the status quo, he realizes that there are people in the management who feel threatened by his influence and plan to damage his status in the hospital. At the conclusion of Case A, he has been handed a letter that informs him of a disciplinary committee case against him on serious allegations of misuse of authority, torture and even sexual harassment. He is concerned that he has been set-up by his opponents, who have resources and credibility that might make it difficult for him to escape from this situation unscathed. Thus, in the given situation the protagonist weighs his possible options. Case B concerns how the protagonist responds to his disciplinary committee case. Policy changes previously initiated by the protagonist and his alliance with the vice-president serve as important tools. They neutralize the resources that are used by the protagonist’s opponents in an investigation against him. In the end, the protagonist, therefore, successfully comes out of this situation unscathed. The epilogue discusses how the protagonist’s initial alliance with the vice-president, in light of changing circumstances, begins to wither away, as a mutual opposition that they both once shared also begins to weaken.
Executive Insights: Knowledge—The Source of Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Authors: Riesenberger John R. 
Published: December 2018

Today's fast-paced business environment is characterized by chaotic markets with constantly evolving global customers, competitors, and suppliers. Product life cycles are becoming ever shorter, demanding more rapid and complex product development processes that are uniquely tuned into ever-changing customer demands. Global customers demand consistency in service and quality at globally competitive prices. Tomorrow's winners will be determined by those few firms that create the ability to develop constant and continuous innovation and transformation. This ability will be successfully manifested by those enterprises that understand, properly harness, and exploit global learning and the use of the organization's intellectual capital.
Evaluation of anti-infectives prescriptions in a pediatric hemato-oncological center: A retrospective study
Authors: Diop Boubacar BF , Cheikh Amine , Attjioui Houda , Ajaja Mohamed R , Mefetah Hafid , Bouatia Mustapha 
Published: December 2018

Introduction A few years after the discovery and development of anti-infectives, this therapeutic feat gave way to bacterial resistance because of the overconsumption of antibiotics, most often with unjustified prescriptions. The objective was to evaluate the compliance of the prescription of antibiotherapy in the pediatric onco-hematology unit of Rabat Children's Hospital and to determine the drug interactions. Material and methods This is a retrospective study of anti-infectives prescriptions in pediatric onco-hematology. All prescriptions containing an antibiotic or antimycotic were isolated at the end of each month for analysis according to the ANSM standard. The variables of compliance analyzed in the prescriptions were: form, indication, posology, duration of the treatment, drug interactions and number of antibiotics which were prescribed. Results The prescriptions containing at least one anti-infective were 195. All the prescriptions were in conformity with their indications; 111 (57%) of the cases were conform with respect to all criteria; 20 (12%) prescriptions were not conform in their form, 12 (6.6%) contained at least one over-dosed drug and 52 (26.7%) contained at least one under-dosed drug. A drug interaction was found in 15 (7.7%) of cases, of which 12 (6.2%) are precautions for use. A drug interaction is present in 1(6,7%) cases when a single antibiotic is prescribed against 3 (20%) cases when 4 antibiotics are prescribed. ( p = 0.007). Conclusion The number of non-compliances in our study was high. It would therefore be advisable to recommend the establishment of an information system to minimize the non-compliances and to ensure a training program for young doctors on international recommendations.
Preoperative myocardial troponin T elevation is associated with the fracture type in patients with proximal femoral fracture
Authors: Nordling P. , Strandberg M. , Strandberg N. N. G. , Kiviniemi T. O. , Mäkelä K. T. , Airaksinen K. E. J. 
Published: December 2018

Background and Aims: Cardiovascular complications are common in hip fracture patients but the role of fracture type and operative method in these is unclear. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the impact of fracture- and operative characteristics on perioperative cardiovascular complications and prognosis in unselected hip fracture patients. Material and Methods: During a 7-month trial registration period, a population of 197 consecutive hip fracture patients (median age 84 years) diagnosed with femoral neck or pertrochanteric fracture was formed. The exclusion criteria were patient refusal, subtrochanteric fracture, or death preoperatively. Pre- and postoperative troponin T (TnT) elevation, perioperative N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level, perioperative cardiovascular adverse events, and all-cause 30-day and 2- and 5-year mortalities were studied. Results: Femoral neck fracture was independently associated with preoperative myocardial injury witnessed by TnT elevation (HR 2.95, 95% confidence interval 1.21–7.19, p = 0.018). The fracture type, surgery delay, or operative method were not significantly associated with NT-proBNP levels, cardiovascular adverse event diagnoses, or prognosis. Cardiovascular adverse events were clinically diagnosed in 28 (14%) participants, and these had a higher mortality compared to participants without such diagnosis (at 30 days, 32% vs 5%; 2 years, 71% vs 31%; and 5 years, 86% vs 59%; p < 0.001). Conclusion: While the femoral neck fracture independently predicts preoperative cardiovascular morbidity, the operative method does not affect perioperative cardiovascular complications or the prognosis, and it may be selected by the treating clinician based on other criteria.
Exploring Challenges and Solutions Facing STEM Careers in the 21st Century: A Human Resource Development Perspective
Authors: Waite Alina M. , McDonald Kimberly S. 
Published: December 2018

The Problem Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) professions are recognized by educators and business leaders as being pillars to national economies that vie for wealth and prosperity. Nonetheless, human resource development (HRD) has largely been absent from the discussion on potential contributions it may provide to address recruitment, development, and retention issues that threaten a diverse, sustained supply of career ready STEM workers. Considering the changing nature of knowledge-intensive jobs and continuing growth in STEM occupations, HRD’s role to advance STEM careers in the 21st century is significant. The Solution The special issue moves beyond the rhetoric of the STEM teacher shortage and a skills gap to offer clarity around career readiness and retention in STEM and introduce HRD’s responses through research, practice, and policy making. The issue provides examples and information that illustrate a range of strategies involving education, industry, and community partnerships to consider how to advance STEM careers from a more holistic perspective. The Stakeholders Scholars, practitioners, teachers, administrators, industry leaders, and government officials who hold interest in promoting STEM careers.
Applications of On-Line Monitoring of Dynamic Forces Experienced by Needles during Formation of Needled Fabrics
Authors: Seyam Abdelfattah M. 
Published: December 2018

The significance of a recently developed system that measures dynamic forces experienced by individual needles during formation of needlepunched fabrics is demonstrated. The system design, coupled with a new signal analysis technique allows measurement of peak penetration and stripping forces as well as the penetration and stripping energies due to needle/fiberweb interaction. Systematic experimental investigations were conducted to determine the critical locations in the needle board where needles experience the highest forces, and correlate needle force parameters to fabric performance. The research results, supported by statistical analysis, show there is a strong relationship between needle penetration energy and fabric properties. Additionally, the needling density significantly impacts the location of maximum penetration forces.