bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family Communication Patterns and the Mediating Effects of Support and Resilience on Students' Concerns About College
Authors: Dorrance Hall Elizabeth , Scharp Kristina M. , Sanders Matthew , Beaty Loretta 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo identify first‐year undergraduate students' concerns about college and examine how family support and resilience influence the relationships between family communication patterns and adjustment to college.BackgroundNearly half of undergraduate college students in the United States do not graduate within 6 years. Low graduation rates come at high costs to students and universities. A deeper understanding of the family factors that contribute to adjustment concerns may provide retention‐focused intervention opportunities.MethodSurvey data collected from precollege students (N = 2,252) were used to test a moderated mediation model in which family communication patterns are associated with adjustment concerns through resilience and family support.ResultsConversation orientation was related to higher family support, whereas conformity was related to lower resilience and family support. Interaction results indicate that the effects of conversation orientation on some adjustment concerns depended on conformity ratings. Resilience mediated the relationship between the orientations and adjustment concerns.ConclusionConversation and conformity orientation play a role in perceptions of family support, student resilience, and an array of concerns held by students as they enter college.ImplicationsParents may play an important role in helping their child adjust to college through the family communication environments they create and reinforce from childhood and through the support they provide during the transition to college.
Efficacy and safety of prolonged daily hemodialysis in critically ill children weighing less than 10 kg
Authors: Ali Uma S. , Arya Manish Kumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionExtracorporeal renal replacement therapy may be needed in those infants in whom peritoneal dialysis is not feasible or is ineffective. Prolonged daily hemodialysis (PDHD) remains the only available extracorporeal dialytic modality in children weighing less than 10 kg, in setups where continuous renal replacement therapy is unavailable and sustained low‐efficiency dialysis is not feasible due to lack of dedicated HD machines capable of delivering very low dialysate flows. The use of PDHD in critically ill children weighing less than 10 kg has not received much attention.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of PDHD in critically ill children weighing less than 10 kg.FindingsFour critically ill children received a total of 49 sessions of PDHD for acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS). PDHD was delivered for a duration of 6 to 8 hours daily with low ultrafiltration rates, low blood flow rates but with dialysate rates that were four times the blood flow rates, due to limitations of minimal dialysate flow rate on standard machines. The mean duration of the sessions was 6.59 ± 1.61 hours. Mean hourly ultrafiltrate (UF) rate during the sessions was 9.28 ± 2.57/kg/hour with mean patient fluid removal rate of 5.4 ± 2.56 mL/kg/hour. Predialysis serum creatinine decreased to 30% of the starting value by the fourth hemodialysis (HD) session. Thirty‐three (67.4%) sessions were heparin free. Intradialytic hypotension occurred in 10 (20.4%) sessions. Premature termination of the session occurred in six (12.4%), due to hypotension in two and filter clotting in four. Hypokalemia was seen in 12 (24.4%) and hypophosphatemia in 6 (12.24%). All four patients survived. On follow‐up, three are dialysis free and one is on maintenance hemodialysis.ConclusionPDHD is effective and safe in critically ill small children.
Characterisation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 gene mutation and the d‐2‐hydroxyglutarate oncometabolite level in dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma
Authors: Mohammad Nissreen , Wong Derek , Lum Amy , Lin Jonah , Ho Julie , Lee Cheng‐Han , Yip Stephen 
Published: October 2019

AimsDedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCHS) is an aggressive type of chondrosarcoma that results from high‐grade transformation of a low‐grade chondrosarcoma. Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 gene and the IDH2 gene that lead to increased d‐2‐hydroxyglutarate (2HG) oncometabolite production, promoting tumorigenesis, have been recently described in low‐grade cartilaginous neoplasms. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of IDH mutations in a single‐institution cohort of DDCHS cases and correlate 2HG levels with mutation status.Methods and resultsWe examined a series of 21 primary DDCHS cases by using Sanger sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction genotyping to look for IDH1/IDH2 mutations, and evaluated the 2HG levels in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumour and matched normal tissue samples by using a fluorometric assay. Seventy‐six per cent of DDCHS cases (16/21) harboured a heterozygous IDH1 or IDH2 mutation. Six of 14 IDH‐mutated DDCHS cases showed elevated 2HG levels in tumour tissue relative to matched normal tissue. There were no consistent histological or disease‐specific survival differences between IDH‐mutated tumours and wild‐type tumours.ConclusionsOur study confirms the frequent presence of a variety of IDH1 and IDH2 mutation variants, indicating that a sequencing‐based approach is required for DDCHS if IDH is to be used as a diagnostic marker. Similarly to other IDH‐mutated tumour types, IDH‐mutated DDCHS cases show elevated 2HG levels, indicating that the oncometabolite activity of 2HG may contribute to DDCHS oncogenesis and progression.
SOCIAL INSURANCE AND OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY
Authors: Cubas German , Silos Pedro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article studies how insurance from progressive taxation improves the matching of workers to occupations. We propose an equilibrium dynamic assignment model to illustrate how social insurance encourages mobility. Workers experiment to find their best occupational fit in a process filled with uncertainty. Risk aversion and limited earnings insurance induce workers to remain in unfitting occupations. We estimate the model using microdata from the United States and Germany. Higher earnings uncertainty explains the U.S. higher mobility rate. When workers in the United States enjoy Germany's higher progressivity, mobility rises. Output and welfare gains are large.
Dispersion behavior of HfC‐based nanopowders in ethanol
Authors: Feng Lun , Zhao Lin , Lee Sea‐Hoon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe dispersion behavior of two different types of ultrafine HfC‐based powders in ethanol was investigated using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a dispersant. The first type was synthesized by carbothermal reduction using a modified spark plasma sintering technique (d50: 125 nm). For the 10 wt% HfC suspensions, the highest zeta potential value (67.7 mV), the least sediment after sedimentation test for one day, and finest particle sizes were obtained when the concentration of PEI was 2.0 wt%. The concentrated HfC slurries with a solid loading of 40 vol% were achieved using 1.0 wt% PEI. The second type was mixing the HfC powder with HfSi2‐C additives using a high‐energy ball milling. The concentrated HfC slurry containing 20 wt% of HfSi2‐C sintering additives was prepared up to 50 vol% solid loading using 0.50 wt% PEI. This is the first report for producing highly concentrated HfC‐based nano slurries, which were highly suitable for the wet process of ultrahigh‐temperature ceramic matrix composites (UTHCMCs).
The five dimensions of B cell tolerance
Authors: Platt Jeffrey L. , Garcia de Mattos Barbosa Mayara , Cascalho Marilia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractB cell tolerance has been generally understood to be an acquired property of the immune system that governs antibody specificity in ways that avoid auto‐toxicity. As useful as this understanding has proved, it fails to fully explain the existence of auto‐reactive specificities in healthy individuals and contribution these may have to health. Mechanisms underlying B cell tolerance are considered to select a clonal repertoire that generates a collection of antibodies that do not bind self, ie tolerance operates more or less in three dimensions that largely spare autologous cells and antigens. Yet, most B lymphocytes in humans and probably in other vertebrates are auto‐reactive and absence of these auto‐reactive B cells is associated with disease. We suggest that auto‐reactivity can be embodied by extending the concept of tolerance by two further dimensions, one of time and circumstance and one that allows healthy cells to actively resist injury. In this novel concept, macromolecular recognition by the B cell receptor leading to deletion, anergy, receptor editing or B cell activation is extended by taking account of the time of development of normal immune responses (4th dimension) and the accommodation (or tolerance) of normal cells to bound antibody, activation of complement, and interaction with inflammatory cells (fifth dimension). We discuss how these dimensions contribute to understanding B cell biology in health or disease.
Speaking up about patient safety in psychiatric hospitals – a cross‐sectional survey study among healthcare staff
Authors: Schwappach David L. B. , Niederhauser Andrea 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpeaking up is an important communication strategy to prevent patient harm. The aim of this study was to examine speak up‐related behaviour and climate for the first time in psychiatric hospitals. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs) in six psychiatric hospitals with nine sites in Switzerland. Measures assessed speak up‐related behaviour with 11 items organized in three scales (the frequency of perceived safety concerns, the frequency of withholding voice, and the frequency of speaking up). Speak up‐related climate was assessed by 11 items organized in 3 subscales (psychological safety for speaking up, encouraging environment for speaking up, and resignation). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability, correlations and multiple regression analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and analysis of variance for comparing mean scores between professional groups. A total of 817 questionnaires were completed (response rate: 23%). In different items, 45%–65% of HCWs reported perceived safety concerns at least once during the past four weeks. Withholding voice was reported by 13–25% of HCWs, and speaking up was reported by 53%–72% of HCWs. Systematic differences in scores were found between professional groups (nurses, doctors, psychologists) and hierarchical groups (lower vs higher status). The vignette showed that hierarchical level and perceived risk of harm for the patient were significant predictors for the self‐reported likelihood to speak up. Situations triggering safety concerns occur frequently in psychiatric hospitals. Speaking up and voicing concerns should be further promoted as an important safety measure.
Molecular and morphological evidence reveals hybridisation between two endemic cyprinid fishes
Authors: Ramoejane Mpho , Gouws Gavin , Swartz Ernst R. , Sidlauskas Brian L. , Weyl Olaf L. F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe geographic occurrence of moggel Labeo umbratus × mud fish Labeo capensis hybrids and the threat of hybridisation to the genetic integrity of L. umbratus were investigated. Genetic evidence from mtDNA cytb and nDNA s7 intron sequence data indicated probable interspecific hybridisation in two impoundments, Hardap Dam (Orange River Basin, Namibia) and Darlington Dam (Sundays River Basin, Eastern Cape, South Africa). Some putative hybrids were morphologically identifiable on account of their meristic and morphometric intermediacy to the parent species. Human activities appear to drive the observed hybridisation, either through dam construction and direct stocking of L. umbratus or via translocation of Labeo capensis and the previously isolated Orange River lineage of L. umbratus into the southern‐flowing systems by inter‐basin water transfers. It is recommended that further translocation of fish from these areas should be avoided.
Is there a need for postoperative antibiotics after third molar surgery? A 5‐year retrospective study
Authors: Menon Rohit K. , Kar Yan Li , Gopinath Divya , Botelho Michael G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimRandomized controlled trials might be reporting a higher postoperative infection rate for third molar surgery compared to other study designs due to unclear criteria for the classification of “infections”. The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess the infection rate after third molar surgery with and without postoperative antibiotic prescription.MethodsCase records of patients who underwent third molar extractions at the Prince Philip Dental Hospital in Hong Kong between 3 July 2012 and 22 June 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Data extraction was performed for indications, clinical and radiographic findings, antibiotic treatment, postoperative complications, and treatment for postoperative infection. The odds ratio (OR) for postoperative infection was estimated.ResultsIn total, 1615 extracted over 5 years from 992 patient records were included in the final analysis. Antibiotics were prescribed postoperatively for 44% of the extractions. The overall infection rate was 2.05%. There was no significant difference in infection rates between the groups which underwent extractions with or without antibiotics (OR = .68; P = .289). We found a significantly higher risk for infections with increasing age (P = .002).ConclusionInfection rates after third molar extraction is minimal in the current setting, with no significant benefit from postoperative antibiotic prescription.
Role of kisspeptin neurons as a GnRH surge generator: Comparative aspects in rodents and non‐rodent mammals
Authors: Matsuda Fuko , Ohkura Satoshi , Magata Fumie , Munetomo Arisa , Chen Jing , Sato Marimo , Inoue Naoko , Uenoyama Yoshihisa , Tsukamura Hiroko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOvulation is an essential phenomenon for reproduction in mammalian females along with follicular growth. It is well established that gonadal function is controlled by the neuroendocrine system called the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis. Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, localized in the hypothalamus, had been considered to be the head in governing the HPG axis for a long time until the discovery of kisspeptin. In females, induction of ovulation and folliculogenesis has been linked to a surge mode and pulse mode of GnRH releases, respectively. The mechanisms of how the two modes of GnRH are differently regulated had long remained elusive. The discovery of kisspeptin neurons, distributed in two hypothalamic nuclei, such as the arcuate nucleus in the caudal hypothalamus and preoptic area or the anteroventral periventricular nucleus in the rostral hypothalamic regions, and analyses of the detailed functions of kisspeptin neurons have led marked progress on the understanding of different mechanisms regulating GnRH surges (ovulation) and GnRH pulses (folliculogenesis). The present review will focus on the role of kisspeptin neurons as the GnRH surge generator, including the sexual differentiation of the surge generation system and factors that regulate the surge generator. Comparative aspects between mammalian species are especially focused on.
Comparison of the efficacy of the immediate‐release and osmotic push–pull system formulations of nifedipine for tocolysis
Authors: Inan Cihan , Sayin Cenk , Dolgun Nihal , Uzun Isil , Erzincan Selen G. , Sutcu Havva , Varol Fusun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the immediate‐release (IR) and osmotic push–pull system formulations of nifedipine used for tocolysis in prolonging pregnancy, neonatal outcomes and maternal–fetal adverse effects.MethodsWe evaluated 140 pregnant women who received the IR (n = 72) and osmotic push–pull system (n = 68) formulations of nifedipine for tocolysis due to threatened preterm labor between 240/7 and 336/7 weeks of gestation. Groups were compared in terms of efficacy of tocolysis in prolonging pregnancy for more than 48 h, 7 days and up to 37 weeks of gestation, total number of days gained for prolonging pregnancy, delivery weeks, maternal–fetal adverse effects and neonatal outcomes including ventilation support, need for intubation or surfactant, intraventricular hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, neonatal death, Apgar scores at the 1st and 5th minutes.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups in prolonging pregnancy for more than 48 h or 7 days, total number of days gained after tocolysis initiation, delivery weeks, the number of births at 340/7–366/7 weeks or after 37 weeks of gestation (P > 0.05). Maternal–fetal adverse effects and neonatal outcomes were similar in both groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe efficacy of IR and osmotic push–pull system formulations of nifedipine have similar effects in terms of tocolysis and neonatal outcomes, adverse effects. Osmotic push–pull system formulation of nifedipine may be an alternative medication in tocolytic therapy due to its ease of use and the absence of loading dose necessity.
An Integrated Relational Framework of Depressed Mood and Anhedonia During Pregnancy
Authors: Brock Rebecca L. , Franz Molly R. , Ramsdell Erin L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to test a unified framework that integrates several theories into a cohesive model to explain the interplay between neuroticism and intimate relationship quality as risk factors for prenatal depression.BackgroundThere is a notable spike in risk for depression during pregnancy, and the processes unfolding in the interparental relationship during this important time in the family life cycle might serve to mitigate or enhance this risk. Yet there is a need for theory‐driven research integrating multiple conceptual frameworks to explicate the role of intimate relationship quality in depression.MethodIn a sample of 154 pregnant, cohabiting couples, multiple domains of intimate relationship quality were assessed using a semistructured clinical interview. An ecologically valid assessment of core depressive features was implemented, such that daily reports of depressed mood and anhedonia captured the pervasiveness of those symptoms for 2 weeks.ResultsThe hypothesized, integrated model was supported for the following two dimensions of intimate relationship quality: conflict management for women and partner support for men. Neuroticism predicted depressive symptoms indirectly through poorer relationship quality and interacted with poorer relationship quality to influence depressive symptoms. In addition, poor sexual quality predicted paternal depressive symptoms, and this effect intensified at higher levels of neuroticism; however, neuroticism did not predict sexual quality.ConclusionsThis integrated approach to studying risk for depression has implications for future research and clinical practice, particularly for clinicians working with pregnant couples when one or both partners are experiencing symptoms of depression.
Imaging Functional Recovery Following Ischemic Stroke: Clinical and Preclinical fMRI Studies
Authors: Crofts Andrew , Kelly Michael E. , Gibson Claire L. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTDisability and effectiveness of physical therapy are highly variable following ischemic stroke due to different brain regions being affected. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of patients in the months and years following stroke have given some insight into how the brain recovers lost functions. Initially, new pathways are recruited to compensate for the lost region, showing as a brighter blood oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signal over a larger area during a task than in healthy controls. Subsequently, activity is reduced to baseline levels as pathways become more efficient, mimicking the process of learning typically seen during development. Preclinical models of ischemic stroke aim to enhance understanding of the biology underlying recovery following stroke. However, the pattern of recruitment and focusing seen in humans has not been observed in preclinical fMRI studies that are highly variable methodologically. Resting‐state fMRI studies show more consistency; however, there are still confounding factors to address. Anesthesia and method of stroke induction are the two main sources of variability in preclinical studies; improvements here can reduce variability and increase the intensity and reproducibility of the BOLD response detected by fMRI. Differences in task or stimulus and differences in analysis method also present a source of variability. This review compares clinical and preclinical fMRI studies of recovery following stroke and focuses on how refinement of preclinical models and MRI methods may obtain more representative fMRI data in relation to human studies.
Shock‐thermal history of the Agoudal (IIAB) iron meteorite from microstructural studies
Authors: Ray D. , Ghosh S. , Chennaoui Aoudjehane H. , Das S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Agoudal IIAB iron meteorite exhibits only kamacite grains (~6 mm across) without any taenite. The kamacite is homogeneously enriched with numerous rhabdite inclusions of different size, shape, and composition. In some kamacite domains, this appears frosty due to micron‐scale rhabdite inclusions (~5 to 100 μm) of moderate to high Ni content (~26 to 40 wt%). In addition, all the kamacite grains in matrix are marked with a prominent linear crack formed during an atmospheric break‐up event and subsequently oxidized. This feature, also defined by trails of lowest Ni‐bearing (mean Ni: 23 wt%) mm‐scale rhabdite plates (fractured and oxidized) could be a trace of a pre‐existing γ–α interface. Agoudal experienced a very slow rate of primary cooling ~4 °C Ma−1 estimated from the binary plots of true rhabdite width against corresponding Ni wt% and the computed cooling rate curves after Randich and Goldstein (1978). Chemically, Agoudal iron (Ga: 54 ppm; Ge: 140 ppm; Ir: 0.03 ppm) resembles the Ainsworth iron, the coarsest octahedrite of the IIAB group. Agoudal contains multiple sets of Neumann bands that are formed in space and time at different scales and densities due to multiple impacts with shock magnitude up to 130 kb. Signatures of recrystallization due to postshock low temperature mild reheating at about 400 °C are also locally present.