bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bubble to panopticon: dark undercurrents of the big data torrent
Authors: Maavak Mathew 
Published: September 2019

Purpose Big data are indispensable in scientific endeavours ranging from nuclear research to climate studies. However, there is a growing misperception that congeries of data can be easily reconstructed into competitive business insights. Such notions have been encouraged by a plethora of mainstream techno-utopian forecasts.

Design/methodology/approach This paper investigated such claims and related big data developments, including its “systems-first” and oligopolistic orientations. Due to the paucity of current scholarship on an admittedly pessimistic topic, the paper studied contrarian developments in the industry by relying on secondary data. The study of experts and scholars; industrial trends; and discrepancies and critical gaps in the mainstream data narrative were sourced to prognosticate the likely trajectory of many data giants.

Findings A key finding was that the big data industry faces an untenable market bubble worth trillions of dollars. This will have severe consequences for common digital access and social stability worldwide. Evidence presented also suggests that the data industrial complex may undergo a function creep by facilitating a transition from surveillance capitalism to surveillance society.

Research limitations/implications Primary data for a study of this nature may take years to materialize. This is a “first-pass” study that seeks to illuminate latent dangers facing the big data/AI sector. There is a paucity of scholarly study that even remotely touches on this topic. Therefore, supporting arguments was sourced from contemporary reports and expert study (secondary data).

Practical implications As control of data may have geostrategic implications, balkanization of the wired ecosystem may be underway with Russia and China leading the way. Future superpowers may be defined by the way they handle data. The concentration of data in fewer hands may also affect citizen innovation.

Social implications A break-down of the data industrial complex may lead to social mayhem as the monetization of presently free software, blogs and social media platforms may be unfeasible.

Originality/value This topic has hardly been explored due to the novelty of big data, its applications and the daily hype over its potentials. This paper boldly describes dark countercurrents in the industry.
Genomic analysis of a multidrug‐resistant clinical Providencia rettgeri (PR002) strain with the novel integron ln1483 and an A/C plasmid replicon
Authors: Mbelle Nontombi Marylucy , Osei Sekyere John , Amoako Daniel Gyamfi , Maningi Nontuthuko Excellent , Modipane Lesedi , Essack Sabiha Yusuf , Feldman Charles 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhole‐genome sequence analysis was performed on a multidrug‐resistant Providencia rettgeri PR002 clinical strain isolated from the urine of a hospitalized patient in Pretoria, South Africa, in 2013. The resistome, mobilome, pathogenicity island(s), as well as virulence and heavy‐metal resistance genes of the isolate, were characterized using whole‐genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. PR002 had a genome assembly size of 4,832,624 bp with a GC content of 40.7%, an A/C2 plasmid replicase gene, four integrons/gene cassettes, 17 resistance genes, and several virulence and heavy metal resistance genes, confirming PR002 as a human pathogen. A novel integron, In1483, harboring the gene blaOXA‐2, was identified, with other uncharacterized class 1 integrons harboring aacA4cr and dfrA1. Aac(3′)‐IIa and blaSCO‐1, as well as blaPER‐7, sul2, and tet(B), were found bracketed by composite Tn3 transposons, and IS91, IS91, and IS4 family insertion sequences, respectively. PR002 was resistant to all antibiotics tested except amikacin, carbapenems, cefotaxime‐clavulanate, ceftazidime‐clavulanate, cefoxitin, and fosfomycin. PR002 was closely related to PR1 (USA), PRET_2032 (SPAIN), DSM_1131, and NCTC7477 clinical P. rettgeri strains, but not close enough to suggest it was imported into South Africa from other countries. Multidrug resistance in P. rettgeri is rare, particularly in clinical settings, making this case an important incident requiring urgent attention. This is also the first report of an A/C plasmid in P. rettgeri. The array, multiplicity, and diversity of resistance and virulence genes in this strain are concerning, necessitating stringent infection control, antibiotic stewardship, and periodic resistance surveillance/monitoring policies to preempt further horizontal and vertical spread of these resistance genes.
The Stochastic Matching Problem with (Very) Few Queries
Authors: Assadi Sepehr , Khanna Sanjeev , Li Yang 
Published: September 2019

Motivated by an application in
kidney exchange
, we study the following
stochastic matching
problem: We are given a graph
G
(
V, E
) (not necessarily bipartite), where each edge in
E
is
realized
with some constant probability
p
> 0, and the goal is to find a maximum matching in the realized graph. An algorithm in this setting is allowed to make
queries
to edges in
E
to determine whether or not they are realized.

We design an
adaptive
algorithm for this problem that, for any graph
G
, computes a (1−ε)-approximate maximum matching in the realized graph
G

p

with high probability, while making
O
(log (1/ε
p
)/ε
p
) queries per vertex, where the edges to query are chosen adaptively in
O
(log (1/ε
p
)/ε
p
) rounds. We further present a
non-adaptive
algorithm that makes
O
(log (1/ε
p
)/ε
p
) queries per vertex and computes a (1/2−ε)-approximate maximum matching in
G

p

with high probability.

Both our adaptive and non-adaptive algorithms achieve the same approximation factor as the previous best algorithms of Blum et al. (EC 2015) for this problem, while requiring an
exponentially smaller
number of per-vertex queries (and rounds of adaptive queries for the adaptive algorithm). Our results settle an open problem raised by Blum et al. by achieving only a polynomial dependency on both ε and
p
. Moreover, the approximation guarantee of our algorithms is
instance-wise
as opposed to only being competitive in
expectation
as is the case for Blum et al. This is of particular relevance to the key application of stochastic matching in kidney exchange. We obtain our results via two main techniques—namely,
matching-covers
and
vertex sparsification
—that may be of independent interest.
Adrenergic Autoantibody‐Induced Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in Rabbits
Authors: Li Hongliang , Zhang Gege , Zhou Liping , Nuss Zachary , Beel Marci , Hines Brendon , Murphy Taylor , Liles Jonathan , Zhang Ling , Kem David C. , Yu Xichun 
Published: September 2019

Background
Previous studies have demonstrated that functional autoantibodies to adrenergic receptors may be involved in the pathogenesis of postural tachycardia syndrome. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of these autoantibodies on cardiovascular responses to postural changes and adrenergic orthosteric ligand infusions in immunized rabbits.

Methods and Results

Eight New Zealand white rabbits were coimmunized with peptides from the α1‐adrenergic receptor and β1‐adrenergic receptor (β1
AR
). Tilt test and separate adrenergic agonist infusion studies were performed on conscious animals before and after immunization and subsequent treatment with epitope‐mimetic peptide inhibitors. At 6 weeks after immunization, there was a greater percent increase in heart rate upon tilting compared with preimmune baseline. No significant difference in blood pressure response to tilting was observed. The heart rate response to infusion of the β‐adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol was significantly enhanced in immunized animals, suggesting a positive allosteric effect of β1
AR
antibodies. In contrast, the blood pressure response to infusion of the α1
‐adrenergic receptor
agonist phenylephrine was attenuated in immunized animals, indicating a negative allosteric effect of α1‐adrenergic receptor antibodies. Injections of antibody‐neutralizing peptides suppressed the postural tachycardia and reversed the altered heart rate and blood pressure responses to orthosteric ligand infusions in immunized animals at 6 and 30 weeks. Antibody production and suppression were confirmed with in vitro bioassays.

Conclusions

The differential allosteric effect of α1‐adrenergic receptor and β1
AR
autoantibodies would lead to a hyperadrenergic state and overstimulation of cardiac β1
AR
. These data support evidence for an autoimmune basis for postural tachycardia syndrome.
Stent Design, Restenosis and Recurrent Stroke After Carotid Artery Stenting in the International Carotid Stenting Study
Authors: Müller Mandy D. , Gregson John , McCabe Dominick J.H. , Nederkoorn Paul J. , van der Worp H. Bart , de Borst Gert J. , Cleveland Trevor , Wolff Thomas , Engelter Stefan T. , Lyrer Philippe A. , Brown Martin M. , Bonati Leo H. ,   For the International Carotid Stenting Study Investigators
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—
Open-cell carotid artery stents are associated with a higher peri-procedural stroke risk than closed-cell stents. However, the effect of stent design on long-term durability of carotid artery stenting (CAS) is unknown. We compared the medium- to long-term risk of restenosis and ipsilateral stroke between patients treated with open-cell stents versus closed-cell stents in the ICSS (International Carotid Stenting Study).

Methods—
Patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis were randomized to CAS or endarterectomy and followed with duplex ultrasound for a median of 4.0 years. We analyzed data from patients with completed CAS procedures, known stent design, and available ultrasound follow-up. The primary outcome, moderate or higher restenosis (≥50%) was defined as a peak systolic velocity of >1.3 m/s on ultrasound or occlusion of the treated internal carotid artery and analyzed with interval-censored models.

Results—
Eight hundred fifty-five patients were allocated to CAS. Seven hundred fourteen patients with completed CAS and known stent design were included in the current analysis. Of these, 352 were treated with open-cell and 362 with closed-cell stents. Moderate or higher restenosis occurred significantly less frequently in patients treated with open-cell (n=113) than closed-cell stents (n=154; 5-year risks were 35.5% versus 46.0%; unadjusted hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53–0.88). There was no significant difference in the risk of severe restenosis (≥70%) after open-cell stenting (n=27) versus closed-cell stenting (n=43; 5-year risks, 8.6% versus 12.7%; unadjusted hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.37–1.05). The risk of ipsilateral stroke beyond 30 days after treatment was similar with open-cell and closed-cell stents (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.35–1.75).

Conclusions—
Moderate or higher restenosis after CAS occurred less frequently in patients treated with open-cell stents than closed-cell stents. However, both stent designs were equally effective at preventing recurrent stroke during follow-up.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.isrctn.com/
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN25337470.
A comparison of the nutrient composition and statistical profile in red pepper fruits (Capsicums annuum L.) based on genetic and environmental factors
Authors: Kim Eun-Ha , Lee So-Young , Baek Da-Young , Park Soo-Yun , Lee Sang-Gu , Ryu Tae-Hoon , Lee Seong-Kon , Kang Hyeon-Jung , Kwon Oh-Hun , Kil Mira , Oh Seon-Woo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Red peppers are a remarkable source of nutrients in the human diet. However, comprehensive studies have not reported on the effects of genotype, cultivation region, and year on pepper fruit characteristics. To address this, 12 commercial pepper varieties were grown at two locations in South Korea, during 2016 and 2017, representing four environments, and concentrations of proximate, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, capsaicinoids, and free sugars in pepper pericarps were determined. Variation in most nutrients was observed among the 12 varieties grown within each location in each year, indicating a significant genotype effect. Statistical analysis of combined data showed significant differences among varieties, locations, and years for the measured components. The % variability analysis demonstrated that environment (location and year) and genotype-environment interaction contributed more to the nutritional contents than genotype alone. Particularly, variation in many amino acids, capsaicinoids, free sugars, and myristic acid was attributed to location. Year effect was significant for palmitoleic acid, ash, tryptophan, copper, linolenic acid, crude fiber, and tyrosine. Insoluble dietary fiber, soluble dietary fiber, sodium, sulfate, linoleic acid, and alanine were primarily varied by genotype–environment interaction. Palmitic acid was the trait the most highly affected by genotype. Cultivation and the genotype–environment interaction have a major role in determining the composition of 12 pepper varieties across four environments. The data from this study could explain the natural variation in the compositional data of peppers by genotypes and environments.
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System
Authors: Riyahi Azade , Rassafiani Mehdi , Nobakht Zahra , Abdolrazaghi Hosseinali , Moradzadeh Rahmatollah 
Published: September 2019

Background/AimsThe ability to eat and drink is the most important factor in health, survival and longevity. Children with cerebral palsy can suffer from severe dysphagia, which can lead to a high risk of aspiration and choking. As classifying eating and drinking ability in children with cerebral palsy is important in research and treatment, the aim of this study was to determine the cross-cultural validation and reliability of the Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System.MethodsAfter translation procedures, the face validity, content validity, test–retest reliability and interrater reliability of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System were evaluated. In total, 130 parents of children with cerebral palsy and 34 therapists participated in the evaluation of the scale's reliability. The 73 boys and 57 girls with cerebral palsy were aged 3–20 years (mean age 4.4 years) and had various types of cerebral palsy. They were classified according to the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System by both their parents and the therapists.ResultsThe overall results indicated that the words and sentences used were simple, clear, understandable, relevant and necessary. The intraclass correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability for parents, occupational therapists and speech therapists were 0.98, 0.98 and 0.995, respectively. The interrater reliability between parents and occupational therapists was 0.96, between parents and speech therapists was 0.95, and between occupational therapists and speech therapists was 0.985.ConclusionsThe Persian version of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System seems to be valid and reliable. This system may be used to evaluate children with cerebral palsy.
Ober eine Gruppe von Mischphosphoren mit gemischten Aktivatoren
Authors: Brauer Peter 
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt
Es wird über Messungen an einer Gruppe von Mischphosphoren mit abnormen Eigenschaften - es handelt sich um Erdalkalisulfidphosphore mit Sm als einem, Ce, Pr, Eu, Mn oder Pb als zweitem Aktivator - berichtet. Einige leuchten beim Ausheizen und beim Ausleuchten mit völlig verschiedenen Spektren, indem beim Ausheizen nur das Sm+++, beim Ausleuchten nur der andere Aktivator im Spektrum auftritt. Ihre ausheizbare Lichtsumme ist entgegen aller bisherigen Erfahrung kleiner als die ausleuchtbare. Ihre Empfindlichkeit gegen ausleuchtendes bzw. tilgendes Licht ist wesentlich gesteigert. Abweichendes Verhalten eines Gliedes der Gruppe (SrS . Eu-Sm) wird gedeutet und führt zur Aufklärung des Gesamtverhaltens aller Gruppenglieder, damit aber auch - da das Sm sich durchaus in seiner Wirkung als Killer auffassen läßt - eines Falles von Killerwirkung
Über eine Mutation mit wechselnder und zeitlich begrenzter Wirkung bei Ptychopoda seriata
Authors: Kühn Alfred 
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt
Die Mutation Va bedingt mit geringer Penetranz eine Störung der Entwicklung der Flügeladern. Die Va-Wirkung tritt etwa in der Hälfte der Fälle, in denen sich Va ausprägt, erst in späten Entwicklungsstadien auf; wenn sie schon frühe Stadien trifft, verläuft die spätere Entwicklung wieder normal.
Über die Achsentemperatur der Niederstrombogensäule
Authors: Höcker Karl-Heinz 
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt
Es wird gezeigt, daß die Achsentemperatur einer Niederstrom-Entladung in der Umgebung solcher Temperaturen liegt, für die der „vollständige Wärmeleitungskocffizient“ ein Minimum hat
Über die Orientierung der Leptonen in Speicheldrüsenchromosomen
Authors: Pfeiffer Hans H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt
An Speicheldrüsenchromosomen aus Larven von Chironomus (plumosus-Gruppe) sind mittels der F. Beckeschen Imbibitionsmethode die Brechungskoeffizienten gemessen und daraus nach vorangegangenen Modellversuchen mit a-thymonucleinsaurem Natrium nach A. Frey- Wyssling der Streuwinkel, welcher durch einen einzigen Wert den Streukegel der Leptonen im Raume beschreibt, ermittelt worden. Der geringe Grad der so bestimmten Orientierung der Leptonen ist ein Beweis für die hohe Empfindlichkeit polarisationsoptischer Messungen. Bestimmungen des Streuwinkcls an frisch isolierten, schwach oder stärker gedehnten Chromosomenabschnitten beweisen, daß zumindest bei nicht zu hohen Dehnungsgraden (innerhalb der „Elastizitätsgrenze“) und bei Konstanz aller ändern Variabein die optische Anisotropie ein recht zuverlässiges Maß des Orientierungsgrades der Leptonen bildet.
Über die Tonofibrillen in der Wirbeltierepidermis, insbesondere bei Hyla
Authors: Schmidt Wilhelm J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt
Nach allgemeiner Auffassung verlaufen die Tonofibrillen der Wirbeltierepidermis in Richtung de|s vorherrschenden Zuges und fangen diesen auf. Solche funktionelle Deutung wird besonders dadurch gestützt, daß mit einer von der Norm abweichenden Zugbeanspruchung auch eine entsprechende Änderung gegenüber dem gewöhnlichen Verlauf dieser Fibrillen besteht (Epithel der Haftscheibe gewisser Knochenfische). Und daß eine Ursache der Tonofibrillenentstehung eben dieser Zug ist, bezeugt das Auftreten besonderer Tonofibrillenstrukturen an lokal beanspruchten Epidermisstellen (z. B. Tonofibrillenstrukturen der Hautnuiskelchen von Anuren). Jedoch dürfte der Zug nicht etwa unmittelbar das submikroskopische cytoplasmatische Gerüstwerk aus Protein- fadonmolekeln faserig verformen, sondern nur eine „Auslösung“ für die Fibrillenbildung darstellen. Denn man kennt auch Tonofibrillen - und darunter die mächtigsten überhaupt vorkommenden -, die distal frei im Cytoplasma ihrer Bildungszellen enden und daher während ihrer Entstehung keiner wesentlichen Zugbeanspruchung unter- liegen können, übrigens auch undere Funktionen wie gewöhnlich vollziehen (Simies- und Haftborsten der Geckoniden). So liegt die Vorstellung nahe, die Tonofibrillenbildung vollziehe sich - gleich der anderer intra- und extracellulärer Fibrillen - durch einen Wachstumsprozeß, einen Polymerisationsvorgang, bei dem Proteingrundbausteine zu parallelisierten Fadenmolekeln sich ordnen. Diese Fibrillenkeime vergrößern sich durch weitere geordnete Anfügung von Bildungsmaterial; stellen sie sich in die Richtung des vorherrschenden Zuges ein, so auch die aus ihnen heranwachsenden Fibrillen. Untersuchung der Epidermis von Hyla in polarisiertem Licht ließ um die obengenannten „Sehnen“ herum Tonoftbrillenringe naeliweisen, und ähnlich auch um den bisher unbekannten Tonofibrillenkegel in der Mündungszelle der Hautdrüsen. Die funktionelle Bedeutung des Ringes liegt im ersten Falle wohl darin, daß er einer Stauchung der Sehne vorbeugt und den an ihr ansetzenden Zug auch seitlich auf die Nachbarschaft verteilt. Der Tonofibrillenkegel um die Drüsenmündung herum aber fängt den Zug auf, dem der Ausführungsgang bei praller Füllung des Säckchens mit Sekret unterliegt, während die Umgürtung des Kegels einer Erweiterung des Mündungskanals durch diesen Zug und beim Auspressen des Sekretes entgegenwirkt.
Über die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation bei variabler "Gravitationskonstante"
Authors: Jordan Pascual , Müller Claus 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
D ie bekannte, von Dirac begründete These, daß die sogenannte Gravitationskonstante in Wirklichkeit im Laufe der kosmologischen Ent-wicklung veränderlich sei, macht eine grundsätz-liche Erweiterung der Einstein sehen allge-mein-relativistischen Gravitationstheorie erforder-lich, derart, daß x = 8%f/c 2 als weitere, fünf-zehnte Feldgröße neben den zehn Gravitations-potentialien gik und dem elektromagnetischen Viererpotential eingeführt wird. In einer früheren Arbeit 1 ist gezeigt worden, daß für diese Verall-gemeinerung der bisherigen Theorie des Vakuum-feldes (mit Einschluß elektromagnetischer Felder) eine sehr natürliche Unterlage geboten wird durch die fünfdimensionale oder projektive Relativitäts-theorie, wie sie aus Ideen von K a 1 u z a hervor-gegangen und später durch eine Reihe von Ver-fassern (Klein, Einstein, Mayer, Veb-len, van Dantzig, Schouten, Pauli, Pais, Möller, Rosenfeld, Nörlund, Belinfante) weiter entwickelt ist 2 . Jedoch waren in der erwähnten früheren Arbeit die neuen Feldgleichungen des Vakuums noch nicht aufge-stellt worden; hierauf bezieht sich die vorliegende Note. Nach Prüfung verschiedener Möglichkeiten sehen wir die einfachste in Betracht kommende Möglichkeit auch als die wahrscheinlichste an. Die in der früheren Arbeit erhaltenen Ergeb-nisse, welche hier benutzt werden, erläutern wir so weit, daß die vorliegende Note auch ohne ihre Kenntnis verständlich sein wird; der Inhalt der früheren Mitteilung soll demnächst an anderer Stelle zugänglich gemacht werden. Wir betrachten die vier Weltkoordinaten x k (lateinische Indices stets = 1 bis 4) als Funk-tionen der Verhältnisse von fünf "projektiven"
Über die Phosphorescenztilgung IV Variation der erregenden Strahlung
Authors: Becker Fritz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Die gegenwärtige Untersuchung erbringt in Fortführung vorhergehender Arbeiten weitere experimentelle Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Tilgungsphänomens der Phosphorescenz. Es wird die Abhängigkeit der während der Erregung erfolgenden Phosphorescenztilgung durch Ultrarot von der Art der erregenden Strahlung (Licht verschiedener Wellenlänge, Röntgenstrahlen, α-Strahlen, Kathodenstrahlen) systematisch messend verfolgt und eine sehr erhebliche Verschiedenheit des Gleichgewichts von Erregung und Tilgung durch Ultrarot in den verschiedenen Fällen festgestellt.
Ober die vektoriell-skalaren Gleichungen der astronomischen Störungstheorie
Authors: Musen Peter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Die Störungen der vektoriell-skalaren Elemente für die Planetenbewegung werden behandelt. Den Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit bilden die Oskulationsbedingungen, welche in passender, vektorieller Form zugrunde gelegt sind. Aus den Oskulationsbedingungen können, mit Hilfe der Operatorenrechnung, die vektoriell-skalaren Gleichungen von Milankowitsch kurz abgeleitet werden.