bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic ceftriaxone‐associated pseudolithiasis
Authors: Sasaki Osamu , Sugimura Kazunori , Shinoda Masahiro , Shinkai Masaharu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn 88‐year‐old woman with a history of meningioma and dementia was admitted with high fever, loss of appetite, and nausea in July. Urinary tract infection was suspected. Computed tomography (CT) showed no significant findings. Urinary findings improved with administration of ceftriaxone. However, high fever appeared on hospital day 28, and CT identified a gallbladder stone without any abdominal symptoms. We considered the possibility of ceftriaxone‐associated pseudolithiasis and changed pharmacotherapy to cefmetazole. CT on day 34 showed a reduction in the size of the gallbladder stone. Ceftriaxone‐associated pseudolithiasis might arise in the absence of abdominal symptoms, and clinicians should take the patient background and season into account when using this agent.
Long non‐coding RNAs (CASC2 and TUG1) in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical significance
Authors: Refai Noha S. , Louka Manal L. , Halim Hany Y. , Montasser Iman 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe biology of hepatocellular carcinoma remains poorly understood. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to be key regulators of most cell processes and cancer. The lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) was originally identified as a downregulated gene in endometrial cancer and acted as a tumor suppressor. The lncRNA taurine up‐regulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been shown to play an oncogenic role in various cancers. However, the relative expression of CASC2 and TUG1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on top of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the relationship between both remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate both lncRNA CASC2 and TUG1 relative gene expression in whole blood of HCC/HCV patients in relation to HCV and healthy subjects and to relate them to each other and to different clinicopathological factors.MethodsThe relative expression of CASC2 and TUG1 was estimated by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction in 30 HCC/HCV patients and compared with 20 cases of HCV patients and 20 controls.ResultsCASC2 was downregulated in HCC/HCV patients, whereas TUG1 was overexpressed in relation to HCV and the control group, indicating their antagonistic effect. This suggests their role in the pathogenesis of HCC on top of HCV. Their expression was correlated to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage and serum alpha‐fetoprotein level.ConclusionsCASC2 and TUG1 could be new potential biomarkers with a valid non‐invasive technique.
Morphological bases for intestinal paracellular absorption in bats and rodents
Authors: Brun Antonio , Fernández Marinone Guido , Price Edwin R. , Nell Lucas A. , Simões Beatriz M. V. , Castellar Alexandre , Gontero‐Fourcade Manuel , Cruz‐Neto Ariovaldo P. , Karasov William H. , Caviedes‐Vidal Enrique 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlying mammals present unique intestinal adaptations, such as lower intestinal surface area than nonflying mammals, and they compensate for this with higher paracellular absorption of glucose. There is no consensus about the mechanistic bases for this physiological phenomenon. The surface area of the small intestine is a key determinant of the absorptive capacity by both the transcellular and the paracellular pathways; thus, information about intestinal surface area and micro‐anatomical structure can help explain differences among species in absorptive capacity. In order to elucidate a possible mechanism for the high paracellular nutrient absorption in bats, we performed a comparative analysis of intestinal villi architecture and enterocyte size and number in microchiropterans and rodents. We collected data from intestines of six bat species and five rodent species using hematoxylin and eosin staining and histological measurements. For the analysis we added measurements from published studies employing similar methodology, making in total a comparison of nine species each of rodents and bats. Bats presented shorter intestines than rodents. After correction for body size differences, bats had ~41% less nominal surface area (NSA) than rodents. Villous enhancement of surface area (SEF) was ~64% greater in bats than in rodents, mainly because of longer villi and a greater density of villi in bat intestines. Both taxa exhibited similar enterocyte diameter. Bats exceeded rodents by ~103% in enterocyte density per cm2 NSA, but they do not significantly differ in total number of enterocytes per whole animal. In addition, there is a correlation between SEF and clearance per cm2 NSA of L‐arabinose, a nonactively transported paracellular probe. We infer that an increased enterocyte density per cm2 NSA corresponds to increased density of tight junctions per cm2 NSA, which provides a partial mechanistic explanation for understanding the high paracellular absorption observed in bats compared to nonflying mammals.
Automated deep learning method for whole‐breast segmentation in diffusion‐weighted breast MRI
Authors: Zhang Lei , Mohamed Aly A. , Chai Ruimei , Guo Yuan , Zheng Bingjie , Wu Shandong 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in MRI plays an increasingly important role in diagnostic applications and developing imaging biomarkers. Automated whole‐breast segmentation is an important yet challenging step for quantitative breast imaging analysis. While methods have been developed on dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI, automatic whole‐breast segmentation in breast DWI MRI is still underdeveloped.PurposeTo develop a deep/transfer learning‐based segmentation approach for DWI MRI scans and conduct an extensive study assessment on four imaging datasets from both internal and external sources.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIn all, 98 patients (144 MRI scans; 11,035 slices) of four different breast MRI datasets from two different institutions.Field Strength/Sequences1.5T scanners with DCE sequence (Dataset 1 and Dataset 2) and DWI sequence. A 3.0T scanner with one external DWI sequence.AssessmentDeep learning models (UNet and SegNet) and transfer learning were used as segmentation approaches. The main DCE Dataset (4,251 2D slices from 39 patients) was used for pre‐training and internal validation, and an unseen DCE Dataset (431 2D slices from 20 patients) was used as an independent test dataset for evaluating the pre‐trained DCE models. The main DWI Dataset (6,343 2D slices from 75 MRI scans of 29 patients) was used for transfer learning and internal validation, and an unseen DWI Dataset (10 2D slices from 10 patients) was used for independent evaluation to the fine‐tuned models for DWI segmentation. Manual segmentations by three radiologists (>10‐year experience) were used to establish the ground truth for assessment. The segmentation performance was measured using the Dice Coefficient (DC) for the agreement between manual expert radiologist's segmentation and algorithm‐generated segmentation.Statistical TestsThe mean value and standard deviation of the DCs were calculated to compare segmentation results from different deep learning models.ResultsFor the segmentation on the DCE MRI, the average DC of the UNet was 0.92 (cross‐validation on the main DCE dataset) and 0.87 (external evaluation on the unseen DCE dataset), both higher than the performance of the SegNet. When segmenting the DWI images by the fine‐tuned models, the average DC of the UNet was 0.85 (cross‐validation on the main DWI dataset) and 0.72 (external evaluation on the unseen DWI dataset), both outperforming the SegNet on the same datasets.Data ConclusionThe internal and independent tests show that the deep/transfer learning models can achieve promising segmentation effects validated on DWI data from different institutions and scanner types. Our proposed approach may provide an automated toolkit to help computer‐aided quantitative analyses of breast DWI images.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:635–643.
Diaphragm Involvement in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): An MRI Study
Authors: Pennati Francesca , Arrigoni Filippo , LoMauro Antonella , Gandossini Sandra , Russo Annamaria , D'Angelo Maria G. , Aliverti Andrea 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive weakness and wasting of skeletal, cardiac, and respiratory muscles, with consequent cardiopulmonary failure as the main cause of death. Reliable outcome measures able to demonstrate specific trends over disease progression are essential.PurposeTo investigate MRI as a noninvasive imaging modality to assess diaphragm impairment in DMD. In particular, we sought to correlate MRI measurement of diaphragm structure and function with pulmonary function tests and with the abdominal volumes (VAB) measured by optoelectronic plethysmography, being an index of the action of the diaphragm.Study TypeCross‐sectional study.PopulationTwenty‐six DMD patients (17.9 ± 6.2 years) and 12 age‐matched controls (17.8 ± 5.9 years).Field Strength/Sequence3‐Point gradient echo Dixon sequence at 3T.AssessmentImages were acquired in breath‐hold at full‐expiration (EXP) and full‐inspiration (INSP). INSP and EXP lung volumes were segmented and the diaphragm surface was reconstructed as the bottom surface of the left and the right lung. The inspiratory and the expiratory diaphragm surfaces were aligned by a nonrigid iterative closest point algorithm. On MRI we measured: 1) craniocaudal diaphragmatic excursion; 2) diaphragm fatty infiltration.Statistical TestsThree‐parameter sigmoid regression, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman's correlation.ResultsIn patients, diaphragm excursion decreased with age (r2 = 0.68, P < 0.0001) and fat fraction increased (r2 = 0.51, P = 0.0002). In healthy subjects, diaphragm excursion and fat fraction had no relationship with age. Diaphragm excursion decreased with decreasing FEV1 %pred (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001) and FVC %pred (r = 0.76, P < 0.0001) and correlated with VAB (r = 0.60, P = 0.0002). Fatty infiltration increased with decreasing FEV1 %pred (r = –0.88, P < 0.0001) and FVC %pred (r = –0.88, P < 0.0001).Data ConclusionThe progressive structural and functional diaphragm impairment is highly related to pulmonary function tests and to VAB. The results suggest that MRI might represent a new and noninvasive tool for the functional and structural assessment of the diaphragm.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:461–471.
Long noncoding RNA GAS5 does not regulate HBV replication
Authors: Feng Shu , Ji Gaili , Ma Jie , Wang Zhonghao , Zhao Yanhua , Tao Chuanmin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a severe health burden worldwide. Emerging long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are hijacked to enhance virus replication or employed by the host to stimulate immune responses to clear the virus. LncRNA growth arrest‐specific transcript 5 (GAS5) can regulate RNA virus by suppressing the replication of both hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. In this study, we explored the changes of HBV replication by overexpressing or knocking down GAS5 in HepAD38 cell and HepG2 cell transfected with pHBV1.2. We found HBV can induce the expression of GAS5. However, GAS5 had no effect on extracellular HBsAg and HBeAg, nor intracellular HBV RNA and HBV DNA. In addition, GAS5 possessed similar expression levels between stable HBV‐producing cell lines and hepatoma cell lines. Furthermore, GAS5 showed no difference between healthy subjects and patients with chronic HBV in multiple GEO microarray data sets by GEO2R analysis. Taken together these results, GAS5 does not modulate the replication of HBV but it inhibits cell proliferation in HepAD38. This provides insights into the possible roles of GAS5 in HBV infection.
A prediction model for lymph node metastasis in early‐stage gastric cancer: Toward tailored lymphadenectomy
Authors: Kim Su Mi , Lee Hyuk , Min Byung‐Hoon , Kim Jae J. , An Ji Yeong , Choi Min‐Gew , Bae Jae Moon , Kim Sung , Sohn Tae Sung , Lee Jun Ho 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground: The aim of this study was to develop a prediction model for the presence and location of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in early gastric cancer.Method: We reviewed medical records of 4 929 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Variables of age, sex, lymphatic invasion, depth of invasion, location, gross type, differentiation, and tumor size were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of LNM at each LN station.Result: Overall incidence of LNM was 9.1% (448/4 929 patients). For the presence of LNM, risk factors of age, sex, lymphatic invasion, depth of invasion, anatomical part, gross ulceration, size, and tumor differentiation were significantly associated with LNM. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting LNM after validation was 0.834 for the test set. For the location of LNM, age, sex, lymphatic invasion, depth of invasion, anatomical part, circumferential portion, gross type, differentiation, and tumor size were significantly associated with LNM. The AUC of each LN station was favorable with the test set.Conclusion: Predicting the location of metastatic LNs appeared to be possible in patients with early gastric cancer.
Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors in cholangiocarcinoma: What is driving disparities in receipt of treatment?
Authors: Lee Rachel M. , Liu Yuan , Gamboa Adriana C. , Zaidi Mohammad Y. , Kooby David A. , Shah Mihir M. , Cardona Kenneth , Russell Maria C. , Maithel Shishir K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesRace/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors are associated with worse cancer outcomes. Our aim was to determine the association of these factors with receipt of surgery and multimodality therapy for cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsPatients with cholangiocarcincoma in the National Cancer Database were identified. Racial/ethnic groups were defined as non‐Hispanic White, non‐Hispanic Black, Asian, and Hispanic. Socioeconomic factors were insurance status, income, and education.ResultsOf 12 095 patients with non‐metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, 42% received surgery. Black race was associated with decreased odds of receiving surgery (odds ratio [OR]: 0.66l; P < .001) compared to White patients. Socioeconomic factors accounted for 21% of this disparity. Accounting for socioeconomic and clinicopathologic variables, Black race (OR: 0.73; P < .001), uninsured status (OR: 0.43; P < .001), and Medicaid insurance (OR: 0.63; P < .001) were all associated with decreased receipt of surgery. Of 4808 patients who received surgery, 47% received multimodality therapy. There were no racial/ethnic or socioeconomic differences in receipt of multimodality therapy once patients accessed surgical care. Similar results were seen in patients with advanced disease who received chemotherapy as primary treatment.ConclusionRacial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities exist in treatment for cholangiocarcinoma, however only for primary treatment. In patients who received surgery or chemotherapy, there were no disparities in receipt of multimodality therapy. This emphasizes the need to improve initial access to health care for minority and socioeconomical disadvantaged patients.
Self‐acidity induced effervescence and manual shaking‐assisted microextraction of neonicotinoid insecticides in orange juice
Authors: Xue Jiaying , Zhu Xianbin , Wu Xiangwei , Shi Taozhong , Zhang Dong , Hua Rimao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA novel dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction that combines self‐induced acid‐base effervescent reaction and manual shaking, coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed for simultaneous determination of ten neonicotinoid insecticides and metabolites in orange juice. An innovative aspect of this method was the utilization of the acidity of the juice for a self‐reaction between acidic components contained in the juice sample and added sodium carbonate which generated carbon dioxide bubbles in situ, accelerating the analytes transfer to the extractant of 1‐undecanol. The total acid content of juice sample was measured to produce the maximum amount of bubbles with minimum usage of carbonate. Manual shaking was subsequently adopted and was proven to enhance the extraction efficiency. The factors affecting the performance, including the type and the amount of the carbon dioxide source and extractant, and ionic strength were optimized. Compared with conventional methods, this approach exhibited low limits of detection (0.001–0.1 µg/L), good recoveries (86.2–103.6%), high enrichment factors (25–50), and negligible matrix effects (−12.3–13.7%). The proposed method was demonstrated to provide a rapid, practical, and environmentally friendly procedure due to no acid reagent, toxic solvent, or external energy requirement, giving rise to potential application on other high acid‐content matrices.
Pattern and severity of transverse sinus stenosis in patients with pulsatile tinnitus associated with sigmoid sinus wall anomalies
Authors: Hewes Daniel , Morales Robert , Raghavan Prashant , Eisenman David J. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveDescribe the location and severity of transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) in a consecutive series of patients with intraoperatively confirmed sigmoid sinus wall abnormalities (SSWA).MethodsA retrospective review of imaging studies from patients undergoing sinus wall reconstruction for pulsatile tinnitus associated with SSWA “was performed.” Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the TSS, including the side, type, location, extent, and severity, were performed and compared with normal controls and historical controls with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).ResultsTwenty‐six of 36 subjects had adequate imaging data. The majority of subjects had some degree of bilateral TSS, and the majority of stenoses involved the distal transverse sinus. Subjects with diverticulum were significantly more likely than those with dehiscence to have ipsilateral distal TSS (16 of 16 vs. 4 of 10, P = 0.009). The mean minimum transverse sinus diameter, stenosis severity grade, and overall posterior venous sinus outflow were significantly worse in the subjects as compared to normal controls (P = 0.002), although not as severe as the comparable values in historical controls with IIH (P < 0.003).ConclusionSubjects with SSWA have a high incidence of TSS, with patterns differing between those with dehiscence and diverticulum. Severity of TSS and overall posterior fossa venous outflow are worse as compared to normal controls but not as severe as in subjects with IIH. These findings have implications for the pathophysiology and management of SSWA.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1028–1033, 2020
Cornelia de lange manifestations in otolaryngology: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bergeron Mathieu , Chang Katherine , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesCornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder. Our goal was to systematically review the literature regarding otolaryngology manifestations of CdLS.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for original articles of otolaryngology manifestations for patients with CdLS. These articles were analyzed, and pooled prevalence was calculated.ResultsWe analyzed 1,310 patients included in 35 case series and 34 case reports. Hearing loss was present for many patients (27 studies), with sensorineural hearing loss affecting 40.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17.3–63.4) and conductive affecting 22.7% (95% CI: 5.7–39.7). Recurrent acute otitis media was the most frequent infectious manifestation, with 56.5% (95% CI: 34.1–78.4) in seven studies, followed by recurrent airway infections with 44.1% (95% CI: 11.0–87.1) in five studies. Forty‐nine (49.7%) percent of patients (95% CI: 25.9–73.6) in nine studies had dysphagia, and 76.6% (95% CI: 59.8–93.3) in four studies had some degree of dysphonia. Craniofacial anomalies were reported in 30 studies, with micrognathia (53.1%; 95% CI: 34.1–72.1) and high arched palate (70.6%; 95% CI: 56.5–84.8) commonly reported. Additional physical exam abnormalities reported included those involving: lips (76.8%; 95% CI: 65.3–88.4), dentition (65.1%; 95% CI: 27.2–100), mouth (85.5%; 95% CI: 76.2–93.8), and eyelashes (87.1%; 95% CI: 77.2–96.9). Sleep‐disordered breathing or obstructive sleep apnea affected 25.8% (95% CI: 11.4–40.2) of patients (7 studies). Airway anomalies were reported in 11 case reports.ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive evaluation of otolaryngologic manifestations in the CdLS literature. Most reported hearing loss and craniofacial anomalies. Sleep disorders occurred in a minority of patients, whereas airway disorders were primarily reported in case reports. These conditions should be further examined given their potential life‐threatening implications.Level of Evidence3a Laryngoscope, 130:E122–E133, 2020
Design of diplexer‐integrated filtering power divider with high isolation
Authors: Zhu Chuanming , Zhang Jian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA compact size and high isolation diplexer‐integrated filtering power divider (D‐IFPD) is presented in this study. The proposed multifunctional circuit consists of one distributed coupling feeding line, two different stub‐loaded trimode resonators, and two open‐ended three‐line parallel coupled lines. With the utilization of the distributed coupling technique, no additional matching circuit is needed for D‐IFPD design. The measured results show that the proposed D‐IFPD is centered at 1.67/2.17 GHz with 3‐dB fractional bandwidths of 18.0%/12.9%, less than 0.73/1.24 dB insertion losses, better than 16.5/15 dB return losses, and higher than 35.9 dB isolation.
Brown Adipose Tissue: Multimodality Evaluation by PET, MRI, Infrared Thermography, and Whole‐Body Calorimetry (TACTICAL‐II)
Authors: Sun Lijuan , Verma Sanjay , Michael Navin , Chan Siew Pang , Yan Jianhua , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Camps Stefan G. , Goh Hui Jen , Govindharajulu Priya , Totman John , Townsend David , Goh Julian Pak‐Nam , Sun Lei , Boehm Bernhard Otto , Lim Su Chi , Sze Siew Kwan , Henry Christiani Jeyakumar , Hu Houchun Harry , Velan S. Sendhil , Leow Melvin Khee‐Shing 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the associations of positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance (MR), and infrared thermography (IRT) imaging modalities with energy expenditure (EE) after brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation using capsinoid ingestion and cold exposure.MethodsTwenty participants underwent PET‐MR, IRT imaging, and whole‐body calorimetry after capsinoid ingestion and cold exposure. Standardized uptake values (SUV) and the fat fraction (FF) of the supraclavicular brown adipose tissue regions were estimated. The anterior supraclavicular temperature (Tscv) from IRT at baseline and postintervention was measured. Two‐hour post–capsinoid ingestion EE and post–cold exposure EE served as a reference to correlate fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, FF, and Tscv for BAT assessment. IRT images were geometrically transformed to overlay on PET‐MR for visualization of the hottest regions.ResultsThe supraclavicular hot spot identified on IRT closely corresponded to the area of maximal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET images. Controlling for body weight, post–cold exposure Tscv was a significant variable associated with EE (P = 0.025). The SUV was significantly inversely correlated with FF (P = 0.012) and significantly correlated with peak of Tscv during cold exposure in BAT‐positive participants (P = 0.022).ConclusionsTscv correlated positively with EE and was also significantly correlated with SUV after cold exposure. Both IRT and MR FF are promising methods to study BAT activity noninvasively.