bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parent‐Mediated Online Reading intervention for children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Grindle Corinna , Tyler Emily , Murray Clodagh , Hastings Richard P. , Lovell Michael 
Published: June 2019

Evidence suggests that reading interventions found to be effective with typically developing children may also be effective with children with developmental disabilities (DD). The Headsprout® Early Reading programme (HER) is an online reading programme accessible at home or at school. Previous research using HER with children with DD has been delivered by trained staff in special school contexts. However, access to trained staff is limited, and many children with DD do not attend special schools. These factors may limit the number of children able to benefit from a potentially effective intervention. Training and involving parents to support their child’s reading may increase the number of children who might benefit, and also reflects current education policy. We examined the feasibility of using HER with five children with Down Syndrome in a six‐month parent mediated intervention. Standardised tests of reading ability carried out pre‐post intervention, showed that skills with phoneme segmentation improved following HER, and word reading age improved on average 13 months (range 6 to 20 months). These data are promising and support a rationale for larger evaluation studies.
Drying Kinetics and Quality of Dehydrated Cranberries Pretreated by Traditional and Innovative Techniques
Authors: Wiktor A. , Nowacka M. , Anuszewska A. , Rybak K. , Dadan M. , Witrowa‐Rajchert D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the impact of traditional and combined pretreatment on dehydration kinetics and quality of dried swamp cranberries. Fruits were blanched, cut, or treated by combined technique consisting of blanching and application of pulsed electric field. Afterwards, fruits were subjected for osmotic dehydration (OD; 72 hr) in 61.5% sucrose solution or in ternary solution consisting of 30% sucrose with 0.1% addition of steviol glycosides to ensure similar sweetness of both mixtures. In the case of samples treated by combined method, OD was enhanced during first 30 min by sonication. Partially dehydrated cranberries were air dried at 70 °C. The quality of dehydrated fruits was assessed by the means of phenolics content, anthocyanin content, flavonoid content, vitamin C content, water activity, and color. Blanching decreased drying time by 48% to 50% in comparison to cutting. Utilization of combined method reduced drying time of cranberries up to 55% in comparison to cut samples. Water activity of all samples was below 0.6. Blanched samples or blanched and then treated with pulsed electric field and ultrasound contained more anthocyanins and flavonoids and less sucrose than cut samples.Practical ApplicationAccording to current trends in food and beverage industry, consumers seek for products which does not contain excessive amounts of sugars, salt, or fats. Dried cranberry fruits are rich in bioactive compounds and need to be osmotically dehydrated in sugar solutions to make the taste of the final product acceptable. Osmotic dehydration is also carried out to decrease time of drying, which is one of the most energy intensive processes. Therefore, there is a need to develop a technology with potential to maintain the bioactive compounds, reduce sugar content in comparison to traditionally process fruits, and enhance the kinetics of drying.
Assessment of non‐lobe‐specific lymph node metastasis in clinical stage IA non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhirong , Miao Jinbai , Chen Qirui , Fu Yili , Li Hui , Hu Bin 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe rationality of selective mediastinal lymph node dissection based on lobe‐specific metastasis is still controversial. The correlation of lymph node metastasis in lobe‐specific lymphatic drainage regions (LSDRs) and non‐LSDRs has not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables affecting nodal metastasis in non‐LSDRs and to further evaluate the rationality of selective lymphadenectomy in clinical stage IA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.MethodsThe clinicopathological information of 316 patients with clinical stage IA NSCLC who underwent lobectomy with systematic lymph node dissection between June 2014 and June 2018 was retrospectively collected for analysis.ResultsThe overall lymph node metastasis rate was 19.3%. For 35 patients with positive LSDR lymph nodes, the non‐LSDR lymph node metastasis rate was 31.4%. Only one patient (0.4%) among 281 patients with negative LSDR lymph nodes had nodal spread in non‐LSDRs. Univariate analysis identified that solid consistency, worse differentiation, and positive status in LSDRs were unfavorable predictive variables of lymph node metastasis in non‐LSDRs. Multivariate analysis showed that nodal metastasis in LSDRs was the only independent predictor of nodal involvement in non‐LSDRs (P < 0.001).ConclusionFor patients with clinical stage IA NSCLC, non‐LSDR lymph node metastasis mainly depends on the involvement of the LSDR lymph node. Our observations may indicate the potential implications for the reasonable management of lymphadenectomy in stage IA NSCLC patients.
Hearths, ovens and fishery: Kharaib al‐Dasht as a case of Late Islamic fishing village (Jazirat Faylaka)
Authors: Mierzejewska Marta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInvestigations conducted in 2013–2018 by the Kuwaiti‐Polish Archaeological Mission on the northern coast of Jazirat Faylaka revealed remains of a Late Islamic settlement with an extensive fishing infrastructure located both on land and in nearby waters. The present research focused on one element of this infrastructure, namely the concentration of hearths and ovens, unique to this part of the island. In order to identify their function and understand their role, the installations were analysed in terms of their structural features and distribution across the site. It was revealed that the concentration of installations on a limited area resulted largely from the need for efficient fish processing. Furthermore, the abundance of ovens and hearths coupled with the presence of nearby fish traps and the diversity of osteological material found in the context of installations indicates that fish processing capacity at this settlement greatly exceeded the needs of the local population.
Combined effects of arsenic exposure and diabetes on male reproductive functions
Authors: Souza A. C. F. , Bastos D. S. S. , Sertorio M. N. , Santos F. C. , Ervilha L. O. G. , de Oliveira L. L. , Machado‐Neves M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that exposure to either arsenic or hyperglycemia can induce male reproductive damages. However, their combined effects on male reproductive organs are still unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated morphological and functional parameters of the testis, epididymis, and spermatozoa in diabetic rats exposed to arsenate.Materials and methodsDiabetes was induced in male rats by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. While a set of healthy and diabetic animals received saline solution (negative control and diabetes control, respectively), the other set received 10 mg/L sodium arsenate (arsenic control and diabetes + arsenic groups, respectively) for 40 days in drinking water. Testosterone concentration, daily sperm production, sperm counts in the testis and epididymis, and sperm parameters were evaluated in the groups. Moreover, testis and epididymis were subjected to antioxidant enzymes analysis, micromineral determination, and histopathological evaluation.ResultsArsenate exposure reduced serum testosterone concentration in healthy animals and worsened this reduction in diabetic rats. In addition, the number of spermatozoa in testis and epididymis tissues, as well as the daily sperm production, was decreased in these groups. Sperm parameters such as motility, morphology, and integrity of acrosomal and plasma membranes were impaired in health animals exposed to arsenate. The combination of diabetes and arsenate, in turn, increased only the percentage of spermatozoa with abnormal morphology. Moreover, the proportion of arsenic increased in the testis and epididymis of both groups receiving arsenate. Its bioaccumulation in these organs caused an imbalance in antioxidant enzymes activities and mineral content in healthy animals, enhancing these changes in diabetic rats. Testicular pathologies occurred mainly in animals co‐exposed to diabetes and arsenate.ConclusionOur results indicate that arsenate exposure enhances several damages to male reproductive functions in diabetic rats, mainly by impairing testosterone levels and inducing nitrosative stress in testis and epididymis.
Constructing a Confidence Interval for the Fraction Who Benefit from Treatment, Using Randomized Trial Data
Authors: Huang Emily J. , Fang Ethan X. , Hanley Daniel F. , Rosenblum Michael 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The fraction who benefit from treatment is the proportion of patients whose potential outcome under treatment is better than that under control. Inference on this parameter is challenging since it is only partially identifiable, even in our context of a randomized trial. We propose a new method for constructing a confidence interval for the fraction, when the outcome is ordinal or binary. Our confidence interval procedure is pointwise consistent. It does not require any assumptions about the joint distribution of the potential outcomes, although it has the flexibility to incorporate various user-defined assumptions. Our method is based on a stochastic optimization technique involving a second-order, asymptotic approximation that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been applied to biomedical studies. This approximation leads to statistics that are solutions to quadratic programs, which can be computed efficiently using optimization tools. In simulation, our method attains the nominal coverage probability or higher, and can have narrower average width than competitor methods. We apply it to a trial of a new intervention for stroke.
Structural mechanisms underlying activation of TRPV1 channels by pungent compounds in gingers
Authors: Yin Yue , Dong Yawen , Vu Simon , Yang Fan , Yarov‐Yarovoy Vladimir , Tian Yuhua , Zheng Jie 
Published: June 2019

Background and PurposeLike chili peppers, gingers produce pungent stimuli by a group of vanilloid compounds that activate the nociceptive transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel. How these compounds interact with TRPV1 remains unclear.Experimental ApproachWe used computational structural modelling, functional tests (electrophysiology and calcium imaging), and mutagenesis to investigate the structural mechanisms underlying ligand–channel interactions.Key ResultsThe potency of three principal pungent compounds from ginger —shogaol, gingerol, and zingerone—depends on the same two residues in the TRPV1 channel that form a hydrogen bond with the chili pepper pungent compound, capsaicin. Computational modelling revealed binding poses of these ginger compounds similar to those of capsaicin, including a “head‐down tail‐up” orientation, two specific hydrogen bonds, and important contributions of van der Waals interactions by the aliphatic tail. Our study also identified a novel horizontal binding pose of zingerone that allows it to directly interact with the channel pore when bound inside the ligand‐binding pocket. These observations offer a molecular level explanation for how unique structures in the ginger compounds affect their channel activation potency.Conclusions and ImplicationsMechanistic insights into the interactions of ginger compounds and the TRPV1 cation channel should help guide drug discovery efforts to modulate nociception.
The investigation of hyaluronic acid and hyaluronidase‐1 levels as tumour marker in larynx cancer
Authors: İnan Hakkı Caner , Yener Murat , Buyru Nur , Çelebi Asuman , Yilmaz Mehmet , Çomunoğlu Nil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the hyaluronic acid (HA) and hyaluronidase‐1 (HYAL‐1) levels in laryngeal cancer patients.Study designProspective, controlled clinical trial.SettingUniversity Medical Center.ParticipantsFifty laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and 50 volunteers who gave saliva samples investigated prospectively between 2016 and 2017.MethodsHyaluronidase‐1 expression was measured by RT‐PCR in normal and tumour tissue samples; hyaluronic acid values of saliva and tumour tissues were measured by ELISA method.ResultsHYAL‐1 expression increased 2.5‐fold in tumour tissues compared to normal tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).Mean saliva HA levels were 103.93 ± 69.04 ng/mL and 177.29 ± 98.44 ng/mL in the patients and controls’ saliva specimens, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.657). HA levels were higher in tumour tissue samples than saliva samples, but there was not statistically significant difference between saliva and tumour tissue HA levels.ConclusionHYAL‐1 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas is elevated compared to normal tissues of same patients. Targeting this gene and HA catabolism products may use treatment of larynx cancer in the future.
Determining patient attendance, access to interventions and clinical outcomes in a publicly funded obesity programme: Results from the Canberra Obesity Management Service
Authors: Brightman Louise , Huang Hsin‐Chia Carol , Dugdale Paul 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMulti‐disciplinary specialist services have a crucial role in the management of patients with obesity. As demand for these services increases, so too does the need to monitor individual service performance and compare outcomes across multiple sites. This paper reports on results from the publicly funded Canberra Obesity Management Service. A descriptive observational study was conducted on new patients who attended an initial medical review from July 2016 to June 2017. Baseline characteristics, comorbidities, attendance, service utilization and outcomes were collated until June 2018. Of the 162 patients identified, 64% continued to attend beyond initial medical review. Dietetics was the most commonly accessed allied health service, followed by exercise physiology and psychology. Very low‐energy diet was the most commonly trialled intensive intervention, followed by pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. Mean baseline weight for those who continued beyond initial medical review was 142.0 kg (SD 26.6 kg), with a mean weight change of −6.2 kg (SD 10.2 kg) and a mean change in percentage body weight of −5% (SD 7%). Clinically significant weight loss was achieved in 36% of these patients, with a further 47% achieving weight stabilization. Mean Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale scores reduced from 8‐6‐8 to 7‐5‐5, and mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores decreased from 8/24 to 6/24. Polysomnography referrals were made for 37% of all new patients, 87% of whom were diagnosed with varying degrees of obstructive sleep apnoea. We present these findings in the hope that they may serve as an example for data collection, individual service monitoring and comparison across multiple obesity services.
Urinary volatile organic compound markers and colorectal anastomotic leakage
Authors: Plat V. D. , Bootsma B. T. , Neal M. , Nielsen K. , Sonneveld D. J. A. , Tersteeg J. J. C. , Crolla R. M. P. H. , van Dam D. A. , Cense H. A. , Stockmann H. B. A. C. , Covington J. A. , de Meij T. G. J. , Tuynman J. B. , de Boer N. K. H. , Daams F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimInflammatory markers such as serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) are used as routine markers to detect anastomotic leakage following colorectal surgery. However, CRP is characterized by a relatively low predictive value, emphasizing the need for the development of novel diagnostic approaches. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are gaseous metabolic products deriving from all conceivable bodily excrements and reflect (alterations in) the patient's physical status. Therefore, VOCs are increasingly considered as potential non‐invasive diagnostic biomarkers. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of urinary VOCs for colorectal anastomotic leakage.MethodsIn this explorative multicentre study, urinary VOC profiles of 22 patients with confirmed anastomotic leakage and 27 uneventful control patients following colorectal surgery were analysed by field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS).ResultsUrinary VOCs of patients with anastomotic leakage could be distinguished from those of control patients with high accuracy: area under the receiver operating characteristics curve 0.91 (95% CI 0.81–1.00, P < 0.001), sensitivity 86% and specificity 93%. Serum CRP was significantly increased in patients with a confirmed anastomotic leak but with lower diagnostic accuracy compared to VOC analysis (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve 0.82, 95% CI 0.68–0.95, P < 0.001). Combining VOCs and CRP did not result in a significant improvement of the diagnostic performance compared to VOCs alone.ConclusionAnalysis by FAIMS allowed for discrimination between urinary VOC profiles of patients with a confirmed anastomotic leak and control patients following colorectal surgery. A superior accuracy compared to CRP and apparently high specificity was observed, underlining the potential as a non‐invasive biomarker for the detection of colorectal anastomotic leakage.
Educational strategy intervention and remote supervision on the post‐discharge management of tuberculosis diagnosed in the hospital: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Müller Alice Mânica , Osório Cecília Susin , de Figueiredo Raíssa Velasquez , Silva Denise Rossato , Dalcin Paulo de Tarso Roth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionOne of the most serious problems in TB control is non‐adherence to treatment leading to the risk of drug resistance and subsequent treatment failure.ObjectivesTo assess the impact of an educational strategy intervention and remote supervision on the post‐discharge management of new cases of TB diagnosed in hospital on TB cure rate. Secondarily, to assess the impact of this intervention on default rate.MethodsRandomized control trial conducted at a general, tertiary care, university affiliated hospital. New cases of TB diagnosed in hospital were included. The primary outcome was cure rate and secondary outcome was default rate. Analysis was carried out by modified intention to treat.ResultsA total of 169 new tuberculosis patients were enrolled. Among them, 80 were assigned to intervention group and 89 to control group. The cure rate was 71.3% in the intervention group and 58.4% in the control group. In the multivariate binary logistic regression model to evaluate the effect of the intervention, controlled by age, sex, current smoking status and directly observed treatment short, intervention was independently associated with cure rate (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.24‐0.94; P = 0.033).There was a significant difference in the default rate between the control and intervention groups (18.0% vs 5.0%, respectively, P = 0.039).ConclusionAn educational strategy intervention and remote supervision on the post‐discharge management of new cases of TB with in‐hospital diagnosis had a positive effect of small magnitude on cure rate. Secondarily, the treatment default rate has been significantly decreased with the intervention.
Triadic interactions support infants’ emerging understanding of intentional actions
Authors: Brandone Amanda C. , Stout Wyntre , Moty Kelsey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInfants’ understanding of the intentional nature of human action develops gradually across the first year of life. A key question is what mechanisms drive changes in this foundational social‐cognitive ability. The current studies explored the hypothesis that triadic interactions in which infants coordinate attention between a social partner and an object of mutual interest promote infants’ developing understanding of others as intentional agents. Infants’ spontaneous tendency to participate in triadic engagement was assessed in a semi‐structured play session with a researcher. Intentional action understanding was assessed by evaluating infants’ ability to visually predict the goal of an intentional reaching action. Study 1 (N = 88) revealed that 8‐ to 9‐month‐olds who displayed more bouts of triadic engagement showed better concurrent reasoning about the goal of an intentional reaching action. Study 2 (N = 114) confirmed these findings using a longitudinal design and demonstrated that infants who displayed more bouts of triadic engagement at 6–7 months were better at prospectively reasoning about the goal of an intentional reaching action 3 months later. Cross‐lagged path analyses revealed that intentional action understanding at 6–7 months did not predict later triadic engagement, suggesting that early triadic engagement supports later intentional action processing and not the other way around. Finally, evidence from both studies revealed the unique contribution of triadic over dyadic forms of engagement. These results highlight the importance of social interaction as a developmental mechanism and suggest that infants enrich their understanding of intentionality through triadic interactions with social partners.
Life stage and population density ofPlutella xylostellaaffect the predation behavior ofEuborellia annulipes
Authors: Nunes Gilmar da Silva , Dantas Thais Aparecida Vitoriano , de Souza Mileny dos Santos , do Nascimento Izabela Nunes , de Luna Batista Jacinto , Malaquias José Bruno 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe diamondback moth (DBM),Plutella xylostella(L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the main pest of brassica crops worldwide. The ringlegged earwig,Euborellia annulipes(Lucas) (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae), has been reported as a potential predator of lepidopteran larvae, including this pest, and may therefore be used for biological control. Knowledge about predator–prey interactions is important to establish pest management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the developmental stage (larva and pupa) and density ofP. xylostellaon the preference and functional response ofE. annulipesadult females. We used choice and no‐choice tests to evaluate the foraging behavior and preference ofE. annulipeson DBM life stages and varied prey density to assess the type of functional response of the ringlegged earwig. Larvae were preferred over pupae, and the predator’s functional response was type II for both prey stages. Our results report the potential ofE. annulipesas a biocontrol agent ofP. xylostella.Understanding their interactions may help in decision‐making and optimization of integrated management strategies.