bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Social and Political Factors on the Architecture of Wooden Temples in Western Ukraine from the end of the 18-th by the Beginning of the 20-th Century
Authors: Cherkes Bohdan , Diachok Oksana , Kolodrubska Oleksandra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The purpose of the scientific work is to highlight the influence of social and political factors on the territory of Western Ukraine, which have changed the architecture of authentic Ukrainian temples and gave it new features. To achieve the goal, empirical theoretical methods of research and generalization were used: natural surveys, comparative analysis, classification and generalization were conducted. The authors surveyed temples built or reconstructed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in cities and villages on the territory of Western Ukraine.The architectural and artistic level of authentic temples is extremely high, some of the unique Ukrainian wooden churches of the Carpathian region are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Researchers have proved that a certain canon has been developed in the architecture of wooden temples for centuries, as well as national features and own building culture. The topic of the research is relevant, because sacral architecture has an exceptional historical, cultural and artistic value, and the relation to architectural monuments is one of the important indicators of the culture of the nation. Scientists prove that even during the absence of Ukrainian statehood, Ukrainian sacral architecture, having undergone a difficult path of development, has managed to revive and preserve national features in architecture that best identify Ukrainians as a nation. The theme of the research remains relevant, since sacral architecture has an exceptional historical, cultural and artistic value, and the relation to architectural monuments is one of the important indicators of the culture of the nation. Historical events in the country and in the world changed the course of the development of the architecture of sacred complexes: on the ethnic Ukrainian territory, which was part of the Austrian and Russian empires, new types of churches of the “Terezian” and “Synodal” style were distributed.
Proposed Methods on Enhancement of Dynamic Response of RC Frames and Soil Structure Interaction
Authors: Abdulaziz Dina , Zidan Ahmed , Ahmed Metwally 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, proposed methods on enhancement of a nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete frames subjected to cyclic load. A fully nonlinear dynamic analysis is adapted using three-dimensional finite element analysis by means of ANSYS 16.0 code. All structural elements such as footings, columns and girder are simulated in the numerical model. The concrete is assumed to be nonlinear and isotropic. In addition, some proposed methods are investigated to enhance the performance of RC frames under cyclic loading such as, cross bracing steel at the connections and at girder region as well as additional bent bars at the ends of girder. The results of analyses are presented in terms of envelope capacity, load-displacement relationship, stresses and cracks distribution. The results indicated that the provision of additional reinforcement increased the ultimate lateral capacity, ductility and introduce an additional mechanism for shear stresses for RC frame under cyclic loading. The best performance is observed when the cross-bracing is used at the top and bottom column connections whereas, the lateral capacity and displacement is increased by 12.9 % and 27.63% respectively of that computed for Control Frame. In case of cross-bracing steel at beam column connections and case of cross-bracing at beam region, the lateral capacity of RC frames is about 1.09 and 1.04 times that of control frame respectively. Furthermore, the dynamic analysis is carried out under considering the foundation soil whereas the Drucker-Prager model is used to define the stress strain behavior of soil. Besides, some significant observations on the performance of RC frames with change of the values of parametric study are presented in this paper.
Freehand compatibility analysis of building structures
Authors: Gregorio Lacort Agustin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a sufficiently precise graphic method of obtaining the stresses in certain models with low static hyperstaticity widely found in buildings, so as to facilitate the manual analysis at the early phases of the design. The considered models are certain types formed by flat, one-level porticoes that could serve to cover large surface areas. Their stresses are obtained graphically using the consistent deflection method, considering manual field hypotheses and disregarding torsional stresses. The procedure is a modification of an earlier method (Lacort, 2016) which worked out the deflection graphically based on a graph representing the stiffness matrix. In both cases, making sketches freehand greatly reduces the application time but the operations continue to be highly precise, given that the sketches made on a mesh formed by squares with sides measuring one unit in length, which prevents any major errors from being committed. Moreover, the size of the mesh does not seem to have any great influence on the precision of the results. Based on this work, possible lines of the research are suggested for developing further graphic methods that can be used to analyse other types of the structure accurately.
Water Elements in The Creation of Public Space
Authors: Nowacka-Rejzner Urszula 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The need to create high-quality sustainable urban structures is widely emphasized. An important place among the elements shaping a sustainable urban space is occupied by natural elements, including water. The importance of water results from its multifaceted impact both on the physical conditions of the city and its beauty. The article draws attention to the role of water elements in shaping public spaces in the areas of European cities. The role of water in the creation of public spaces and the very diverse range of functions fulfilled by it was emphasized in a particular manner. Among the water elements found in urban spaces, the largest group consists of fountains and bells and whistles. Over the centuries, these water elements played a variety of functions: utility, cult, aesthetic and climatic, while being a significant element of the composition. Selected examples presented in the article concern both historical and contemporary use of water in shaping urban squares and green park and garden spaces. Analysing contemporary examples, particular attention was paid to the use of water elements for ecological remodelling, as well as reviving and increasing the attractiveness of revitalized areas in the urban tissue. This interest in water as a material with a wide variety of possibilities, which results from its physical properties, resulted in a variety of functional and spatial solutions. The research and studies conducted for many years by the author regarding the participation of natural elements, including in particular water and greenery, in the shaping of urban structures were the basis for the considerations. The public spaces with water elements analysed in the paper are places with high aesthetic values. They serve recreation, rest, education, promote social bonding, and are often places for organizing various cultural events or historic happenings. Water in these spaces is not only an element of the composition, but also a factor shaping a special microclimate. The potential of water for the creation of urban space is enormous and still not fully utilized, which is confirmed by subsequent realizations, encouraging with artistic and technical solutions, indicating the ever new possibilities of using water.
Short-Term Tuna Fishing Community: The Dwellings in the 30s and 60s
Authors: Batista Nuno , Marcal Goncalves Marta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article describes the dwellings of a short-term tuna fishing community settled in Faro beach, Algarve, Portugal, between the 30s and 60s, that already disappeared. It is related how the change from the reed houses to the wooden sheds took place and how was the day-by-day of fishermen and their families during the tuna fishing season, from March to June. In the course of this research it was discovered that such fishing community took place in Faro beach for long decades, involved a large group of fishermen and their families that lived there, in a structured way. The main results we hope to achieve are the general awareness of this heritage and its dissemination. This research was based on documentary analysis, photographic and bibliographic research but, more importantly, interviews with people involved in this art, that still remains. During the development of this research, limitations were found due to the scarcity of available information and to the advanced age of the people involved, now with around 90 years old. That’s why there’s an urgency to make an adequate registration and disclosure of this heritage. This paper is original because there aren’t many works about this theme under this point of view, taking Faro beach as object of study. As a vernacular heritage, it must be valued, so, publishing such work would influence the society in general, but primarily, the region’s society, to alert them to a value that has been forgotten and, at the same time, clarify the future generations, helping to preserve the collective memory of a professional art that disappeared from the Algarve.
Impact of Differently Prepared Paper Production Waste Sludge (PSw) on Cement Hydration and Physical-Mechanical Properties
Authors: Malaiskiene Jurgita , Baneviciene Vilma , Boris Renata , Kizinievic Olga 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
After analysis of calorimetric tests results of the cement mixtures with PSw prepared at different temperatures and SEM, XRD, physical-mechanical properties results of cement stone hardened for 7 and 28 days, it is determined that PSw can be utilized/used for the preparation of cement mixtures by adding up to 5%. Depending on the environmental working conditions, the preparation of PSw can be selected. To slow down cement hydration processes, it is useful to use only dried PSw, which slows down the hydration of the cement due to the high content of cellulose contained in PSw. To accelerate cement hydration, it is expedient to use PSw which is burned at 700°C. Dried PSw performs an extended induction hydration period and significantly delays the second heat release time. After the addition of 5% dried PSw, the phase III effect time compared to the control sample is 1.8 h, and after 10% addition, it is extended to 4.4 h. After the addition of 5% burnt PSw, the phase III effect time compared to the control sample is hastened to 1.9 h, after inserting 10% – to 2.4 h. The use of PSw saves the environment, reduces the amount of cement in the mixture and improves the properties of cement materials. Using 5% PSw burned at 700°C instead of cement increases the compressive strength of the specimens, and the density as well as ultrasound pulse velocity values are slightly changed compared to the control sample. It is determined that burnt PSw significantly changes mineral composition and structure. It is found that the microstructure of samples without PSw and samples with dried 5% PSw is similar, crystals formed are visible. With a higher (10%) amount of dried PSw, the microstructure of the cement stone differs significantly from the control samples. Larger voids with plenty of etringite are also visible, as well as higher levels of calcite. The microstructure of specimens with burnt PSw is significantly denser. XRD studies show that with a higher amount of PSw burned at 75°C, the main peak intensities of crystallohydrates ettringite and portlandite are lower, while the peak intensities of calcite are higher compared to samples without PSw. By increasing the amount of dried PSw in mixtures and reducing the amount of cement, the peak intensities corresponding to CSH and CASH are lower compared to those of the control samples. Using burnt PSw also reduces the peak intensities of ettringite, portlandite, CSH and belite, but significantly increases peak intensities of calcite and CASH.
The variant of Construction Projects and their Assessment Taking into Account the Impact on the Environment
Authors: Szafranko Elzbieta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The construction of various types of buildings and engineering structures invariably interferes, although to different degrees, with the surrounding environment. Every development project is executed in a strictly delineated area and under specific conditions. While planning a construction project, the investor is obligated to analyse several variants of its execution, including an assessment of different effects it may have on the environment. The investor can evaluate the impact on the surrounding ecosystems, in its various manifestations, both during the construction works and after a given building or a structure which has been put to use. Adhering to the latest trends, an assessment of the environmental impact caused by buildings and engineering structures should account for a whole life cycle of an object. Special attention should be paid to the process of obtaining natural resources and manufacturing building materials as well as the time period over which the latter will be used. Not less important for the environment is the moment when a building’s useful life ends, i.e. how it is demolished and how the construction and demolition waste is recycled or disposed of. The author’s studies have demonstrated that assessments of variant solutions made in construction engineering practice are very rarely based on criteria that encompass the whole life cycle of a building. This article presents an analysis of the current situation based on data extracted from reviewed documentation originating from several construction projects.
Interpenetration of the Architectural and Urban Realms in the Work of Architect Marek Budzyński
Authors: Ilmurzynska Krystyna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Prof. Marek Budzyński is one of the best renowned contemporary polish architects, well established among the polish architectural critic as “postmodern” and “green”. The aim of this research is a study of the interpenetration of architectural and urban design approaches in Budzyński’s work as its essential element. The research method involved analysis of Budzyński’s creations against the background of the ideas expressed in his theoretical contributions. The results of the research indicate that the architectural design of analysed objects follows the form of adjacent urban space that is essential part of every design idea. In addition, the internal structure of the analysed buildings is shaped analogically to the urban fabric. At the same time shaping the landscape seems to be as important as shaping the urban space in creating the forms of architecture. The references to traditional architecture and urban fabric are also substantial part of the researched design method. The observed features reflect the theoretical contributions formulated by Marek Budzyński. Fundamental concepts of Budzyński’s design ideas are: seeing an architectural creation as the medium of reshaping the timeless continuum of space, and understanding both a city and a building as an organism in which every part should be reconcilable with another as well as with the whole.
Analysis of the spatial structure of the housing estates transformations’ possibilities on a selected example
Authors: Opania Szymon 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article is a summary of scientific and research work aimed at determining the possibility of transforming one of the selected so-called large-scale housing estates in Bielsko-Biała in Poland. One of the final work’s effects was the concept of the spatial development of a new housing estate in the area and in the neighborhood of the existing one. The research work was ordered by Cavatina & Partners Company, which in its offer has a rare combination of leading experience in the design and construction of a wide range of real estate. The company’s goal is to create modern facilities and places of daily use for the dynamic needs of people, communities and companies. In its activities, it focuses on the innovative thinking, the latest technology and the sustainable development. The aim of the scientific and research work was to prepare scenarios and explore spatial possibilities in the event of the need to demolish a large complex of multi-family buildings, so-called blocks of flats. The research was based on the assumption that the lifecycle of buildings was completed due to their technical condition. The scenarios presented variant possibilities of shaping the concept of development of the selected area and should serve as a basis for starting social consultations regarding the future development of the above-mentioned area. Scenarios and concepts are to take into account the improvement of housing conditions of the housing estate residents. The development options are to show different possibilities of changes in the area taking into account: 1 – the results of social research on existing housing conditions, 2 – the records of strategic city documents such as the city development strategy, study of conditions and directions of spatial development and local spatial development plan, 3 – the stage options investment. The formation’s history of blocks of flats in Poland dates back to the 1950s. Currently, about 12 million people live in them, which is about 30% of the population of Poland. Hence, all problems related to this type of building are in fact becoming national problems. That is why discussions and questions arise: if the first of them were created more than 60 years ago, should they be demolished due to the technical condition and based on similar decisions? And maybe renewed and revitalized? If they constitute such a significant percentage of urban development and despite negative aesthetic impressions, should they be removed from the spatial structure of cities? The answers to this question often depend on the individual characteristics of the blocks with which their residents and users have to deal with. Even the most accurate answers do not often match individual cases.
Application of TLS Intensity Data for Detection of Brick Walls Defects
Authors: Suchocki Czesław , Katzer Jacek , Serrat Carles , Jagoda Marcin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is a well-established technique for remote acquisition of geometrical data of a tested object. For the past two decades it has been commonly used in geodesy, surveying and related areas for acquiring data about spacing of civil engineering structures and buildings. An average TLS apparatus, apart from 3D coordinates registers radiometric information of laser beam reflectance. This radiometric information of the laser beam reflectance is usually called intensity and has no meaning for solely geometric measurements. Nevertheless, the value of intensity depends mainly on physicochemical properties of scanned material such as roughness, colour and saturation. Keeping these facts in mind, authors suggest using changes in value of intensity to locate various imperfections on a brick wall. So far, authors have conducted a thorough and successful research programme dedicated to detection of saturation and saturation movement in brick walls. Based on this experience a new research programme was conducted focused on various aspects of detection of brick wall defects. The main aim of the paper is to present the possibility of using the intensity value in for the diagnostics of the technical condition of a brick walls. Advantages and limitations of harnessing TLS for detection of surface defects of brick walls are presented and discussed in the paper.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of a Deployable Footbridge
Authors: Ama Fernando del , Molina Mariano , Castilla Maria I. , Gomez Pulido Dolores , Lorenzo Covadonga , Garcia Millan Juan , Sancho Juan C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Spatial structures with bars have been used in different fields since the beginning of the 20th century. These were first used in aerospace industry to obtain lightweight structures and it was as of 1930 when their use in construction became widespread, especially in roofs with big spans. Deployable structures can be considered a special case within the broader class of spatial structures. They can be transformed from a closed compact configuration to a predetermined expanded form. There is a wide range of applications, such as temporary construction and roofing systems, or for movable elements in the aerospace industry. This article describes a deployable structure that has been patented by researchers of San Pablo CEU University and Eduardo Torroja Institute of Madrid, Spain. The presented invention optimizes the material needed to fulfil the safety requirements according to the span it covers. It has a folding and unfolding system that makes transport easier and cheaper. It is versatile, since it adapts perfectly to many different uses with a reduced number of elements and it also reduces the cost by making the best possible use of the materials. Specifically for space deployable structures the main challenge remains to ensure high reliability in deployed geometry, stiffness and function. The goal of this article is to simulate different options to reduce the axial stress and the deflection of a 40-meter span deployable structure. Firstly, the basic elements that define the system will be described; secondly a first analysis on software SAP2000 will be shown; finally, this paper presents the procedure and methodology to improve the shape of a structure through optimization, and to control the deflection at mid span by means of post-tensioning.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of In-line Standing Circular Cylinders in Steady and Turbulent Wind Flow
Authors: Hubova Olga , Veghova Ivana , Kralik Juraj 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The wind pressure distribution on structures is an important parameter in terms of wind load calculation. Some wind effects, especially interference effects, are still the subject of research and experimental measurements in wind tunnels, but also in-situ. For the in-line standing circular cylinders EN standard gives only the wind force coefficient that is higher than the wind force for the stand-alone cylinder. The wind flow around in-line standing cylinders is based on distance between cylinders and their roughness and also on local wind velocities and neighboring structures. This paper deals with interference effects of air flow around the group of circular cylindrical structures. In this research, a series of parametric wind tunnel studies was carried out in BLWT Wind Tunnel in Bratislava to investigate the interference effects of in-line standing cylinders in steady and turbulent wind flow. In a steady flow in the front measurement area, we tested cylinders with smooth and rough surface at varying distance and angle of wind direction and for 10 different wind velocities from 9.6 – 19.7 m/s. The graphs of the external wind pressure distribution on the circumference of the cylinder for different wind speeds give us good information about behavior of in-line standing cylinders in steady wind flow. In a turbulent wind flow in the rear measurement area in BLWT, we tested three cylinders for different wind velocities and compared results for different positions on cylinder. Experimental results of wind pressure around cylinders were compared with CFD numerical analysis and EN 1991-1-4 standard. We chose the finite volume method implemented into program ANSYS Fluent [1], which offers several turbulence models.