bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminology for bladder health research in women and girls: Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms transdisciplinary consortium definitions
Authors: Lowder Jerry L. , Bavendam Tamara G. , Berry Amanda , Brady Sonya S. , Fitzgerald Colleen M. , Fok Cynthia S. , Goode Patricia S. , Lewis Cora E. , Mueller Elizabeth R. , Newman Diane K. , Palmer Mary H. , Rickey Leslie , Stapleton Ann , Lukacz Emily S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo report research terminology and definitions for describing healthy bladder function among women and girls.MethodsThe Prevention of Lower Urinary tract Symptoms (PLUS) Consortium developed research terminology and definitions for elements of healthy bladder function based on existing understanding of storage and emptying functions of the bladder and accepted definitions of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The novel concept of a bladder “bioregulatory” function was also proposed. Elements of bladder function corresponding to bladder health (BH) and LUTS were developed and refined using an iterative process. A comprehensive reference table structured by bladder function (Storage, Emptying, and Bioregulatory) and elements of each function was created to document proposed research terminology and definitions.ResultsThe BH research definitions for each bladder function are: (1) Storage: the ability to hold urine for a reasonable duration of time and sense bladder fullness without fear of or concern about urgency, discomfort or leakage; (2) Emptying: the ability to empty the bladder completely in a timely, efficient, effortless, comfortable manner; and (3) Bioregulatory: the bladder barrier protects the individual/host from pathogens, chemicals, and malignancy. Research definitions for seven Storage, seven Emptying, and three Bioregulatory elements of function are presented. Novel LUTS research definitions were developed when gaps in existing definitions were identified or nonclinical language was desired.ConclusionsPLUS BH definitions reflect a transdisciplinary approach to standardizing research definitions for elements of bladder function from a perspective of health rather than dysfunction and provide a framework for studying BH in clinical practice, public health promotion, and LUTS prevention.
Parametric uncertainty quantification using proper generalized decomposition applied to neutron diffusion
Authors: Prince Zachary M. , Ragusa Jean C. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a proper generalized decomposition (PGD) approach is employed for uncertainty quantification purposes. The neutron diffusion equation with external sources, a diffusion‐reaction problem, is used as the parametric model. The uncertainty parameters include the zone‐wise constant material diffusion and reaction coefficients as well as the source strengths, yielding a large uncertain space in highly heterogeneous geometries. The PGD solution, parameterized in all uncertain variables, can then be used to compute mean, variance, and more generally probability distributions of various quantities of interest. In addition to parameterized properties, parameterized geometrical variations of three‐dimensional models are also considered in this paper. To achieve and analyze a parametric PGD solution, algorithms are developed to decompose the model's parametric space and semianalytically integrate solutions for evaluating statistical moments. Varying dimensional problems are evaluated to showcase PGD's ability to solve high‐dimensional problems and analyze its convergence.
Quantitative evaluation of variables to student success in a mastery learning baccalaureate nursing programme
Authors: Rolf Marie , Kroposki Margaret , Watson Susan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the relationship of student input and throughput variables in a mastery learning baccalaureate nursing programme to licensure success.DesignThis study used a quantitative, correlational design.MethodsRetrospective analysis of records of 367 graduates over a 6‐year period tested the relationship of pass rate on the licensing examination to six variables: overall pre‐admission grade point average, entrance assessment scores, interview scores, remediation, programme length and exit assessment using point‐biserial correlations, and chi‐square analysis and logistic regression analysis.ResultsOverall pre‐admission grade point average, entrance assessment scores, interview scores and exit assessment scores were positively correlated with student success. Although remediation and programme length were not correlated with success, 87% of the students participated in remediation. Most students (95%) successfully passed the Registered Nurse licence examination on their first attempt. While specific criteria were related to student success, further research is needed to determine the role of remediation.
Ripple Effect of Lifestyle Interventions During Pregnancy on Untreated Partners’ Weight
Authors: Hagobian Todd A. , Phelan Suzanne , Schaffner Andrew , Brannen Anna , McHugh Angelica , Ashby‐Thompson Maxine , Gorin Amy A. , Pi‐Sunyer Xavier , Gallagher Dympna , Wing Rena 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveWeight‐loss interventions have a positive “ripple effect” on untreated partners’ weight, but ripple effects in pregnancy are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether prenatal lifestyle interventions that reduce gestational weight gain in pregnant women have a positive ripple effect on untreated partners’ weight.MethodsTwo clinical trials with the same outcome measures randomly assigned pregnant women to a lifestyle intervention or usual care. Untreated partners were randomly assigned according to their pregnant partner’s group allocation and were assessed at study entry (~13 weeks’ gestation), 35 weeks’ gestation, and 6 and 12 months after delivery.ResultsA total of 122 partners (100% male, 23% Hispanic, 82% married, and 48% with obesity) were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 59) or usual care (n = 63). There was no intervention or intervention‐by‐time interaction effect on partner weight (P = 0.795). Partner weight changes were not statistically significant (P = 0.120) from study entry to 35 weeks’ gestation (mean 0.19 kg; 95% CI: ‒0.73 to 1.24) or to 12 months after delivery (mean 0.82 kg; 95% CI: ‒0.26 to 1.91).ConclusionsThere was no evidence of a ripple effect on partner weight. In a self‐selected sample, partners of pregnant women appeared not to experience sympathy weight gain.
Cytoplasmic cyclin D1 regulates glioblastoma dissemination
Authors: Cemeli Tània , Guasch‐Vallés Marta , Nàger Mireia , Felip Isidre , Cambray Serafí , Santacana Maria , Gatius Sònia , Pedraza Neus , Dolcet Xavier , Ferrezuelo Francisco , Schuhmacher Alberto J , Herreros Judit , Garí Eloi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive brain neoplasia with an elevated recurrence rate after surgical resection. The cyclin D1 (Ccnd1)/Cdk4–retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) axis is frequently altered in GBM, leading to overproliferation by RB1 deletion or by Ccnd1‐Cdk4 overactivation. High levels of Ccnd1‐Cdk4 also promote GBM cell invasion by mechanisms that are not so well understood. The purpose of this work is to elucidate the in vivo role of cytoplasmic Ccnd1‐Cdk4 activity in the dissemination of GBM. We show that Ccnd1 activates the invasion of primary human GBM cells through cytoplasmic RB1‐independent mechanisms. By using GBM mouse models, we observed that evaded GBM cells showed cytoplasmic Ccnd1 colocalizing with regulators of cell invasion such as RalA and paxillin. Our genetic data strongly suggest that, in GBM cells, the Ccnd1‐Cdk4 complex is acting upstream of those regulators. Accordingly, expression of Ccnd1 induces focal adhesion kinase, RalA and Rac1 activities. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated increased GBM dissemination after expression of membrane‐targeted Ccnd1. We conclude that Ccnd1‐Cdk4 activity promotes GBM dissemination through cytoplasmic and RB1‐independent mechanisms. Therefore, inhibition of Ccnd1‐Cdk4 activity may be useful to hinder the dissemination of recurrent GBM. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proof‐of‐Concept Studies Directed toward the Formation of Metallic Ag Nanostructures from Ag3PO4 Induced by Electron Beam and Femtosecond Laser
Authors: dos Santos Clayane Carvalho , de Assis Marcelo , Machado Thales Rafael , dos Santos Pereira Paula Fabiana , Minguez‐Vega Gladys , Cordoncillo Eloisa , Beltran‐Mir Hector , Doñate‐Buendía Carlos , Andrés Juan , Longo Elson 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this work, for the first time, the instantaneous nucleation and growth processes of Ag nanoparticles on Ag3PO4 mediated by femtosecond laser pulses are reported and analyzed. The investigated samples are pure Ag3PO4 sample, electron‐irradiated Ag3PO4 sample, and laser‐irradiated sample. Complete characterization of the samples is performed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinements, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD confirms that the irradiated surface layer remains crystalline, and according to EDS analysis, the surface particles are composed primarily of Ag nanoparticles. This method not only offers a one‐step route to synthesize Ag nanoparticles using laser‐assisted irradiation with particle size control, but also reports a complex process involving the formation and subsequent growth of Ag nanoparticles through an unexpected additive‐free in situ fabrication process.
Chiral Ag and Au Nanomaterials Based Optical Approaches for Analytical Applications
Authors: Xu Dong , Lin Qinlu , Chang Huan‐Tsung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSensing of chiral compounds has gained great attentions for many decades. Chiral nanomaterials with a greater surface area, optical properties, and stability have however not been well realized in this field. Herein, strategies for the preparation of chiral Ag and Au nanomaterials are focused upon, including Ag and Au nanoparticles conjugated with chiral molecules with/without containing fluorophores, chiral nanoassemblies of Ag and Au nanoparticles, and chiral Ag and Au nanoclusters. The chirality of nanomaterials originates from their core and/or ligand, meanwhile that for nanoassemblies results from their complex spatial configuration. An emphasis is given to circular dichroism, colorimetry/UV–vis absorption, and fluorescence detection modes for sensing enantiomers and achiral analytes using the chiral Ag and Au nanomaterials. Several interesting examples for quantitation of DNA, proteins, peptides, drugs, and pollutants are provided to highlight their potential as sensitive and selective nanomaterials for enantiomer recognition and sensing of achiral analytes. Several important issues to be solved when using chiral nanomaterials for chiral recognition are specified. Some strategies for improving the sensitivity and selectivity of chiral nanomaterials for chiral recognition are suggested. The aim is to bring more attention to the potential of chiral nanomaterials for sensing important analytes such as chiral drugs.
Penetration Capability of EFPs Against Explosive Reactive Armor
Authors: Nie Yuan , Jiang Jian‐wei , Wang Shu‐you , Liu Han , Men Jian‐bing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the interference of explosive reactive armor (ERA) on the penetration capability of explosively formed projectiles (EFPs). A numerical simulation model of EFP and the ERA interaction system was established. Flash X‐ray experiments for observing the interaction between EFP and ERA were performed. It turned out that the simulation method and material model was valid. From the numerical simulation, the residual depth of penetration (RDOP) of EFPs with different materials, scales, and shapes at several angles was evaluated, and the mechanism of ERA interference EFP was revealed. The results suggested that after an EFP passed through an ERA, its RDOP to target decreased with an increase in the angle and explosive layer thickness. The higher the density of EFP is, the stronger the resistance ability of EFP to ERA is. For copper EFPs, in the EFP charge diameter range of 90 mm to 170 mm, each 10‐mm growth in the EFP charge diameter results in an approximately 0.025 P0 increment in RDOP (P0 is penetration depth of EFP without ERA interference). Moreover, in the condition of the same mass, for each increase of 1 in the aspect ratio of the EFP, the RDOP increased by approximately 0.05 P0. In addition, calculation models for the RDOP, considering the charge diameter and EFP shape, were established respectively.
The uncharacterized bacterial protein YejG has the same architecture as domain III of elongation factor G
Authors: Mohanty Biswaranjan , Hanson‐Manful Paulina , Finn Thomas J. , Chambers Cecilia R. , McKellar James L. O. , Macindoe Ingrid , Helder Stephanie , Setiyaputra Surya , Zhong Yichen , Mackay Joel P. , Patrick Wayne M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInterPro family IPR020489 comprises ~1000 uncharacterized bacterial proteins. Previously we showed that overexpressing the Escherichia coli representative of this family, EcYejG, conferred low‐level resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. In an attempt to shed light on the biochemical function of EcYejG, we have solved its structure using multinuclear solution NMR spectroscopy. The structure most closely resembles that of domain III from elongation factor G (EF‐G). EF‐G catalyzes ribosomal translocation and mutations in EF‐G have also been associated with aminoglycoside resistance. While we were unable to demonstrate a direct interaction between EcYejG and the ribosome, the protein might play a role in translation.
Rhizobacterial treatments of tall fescue and bermudagrass increases tolerance to damage from white grubs
Authors: Coy Richard Murphey , Held David W , Kloepper Joseph W 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundInoculation of hybrid bermudagrass with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can increase plant growth and influence relationships with above‐ground herbivores like fall armyworms. However, few experiments have evaluated PGPR applications relative to root herbivory. Root‐feeding white grubs cause severe damage to grasses, especially in tall fescue pastures, golf courses, and lawns. Since bacterial inoculants enhance root growth, the goal of this study was to determine if the inoculation of hybrid bermudagrass by rhizobacteria can increase the tolerance of tall fescue and hybrid bermudagrass to damage from white grub feeding, and if PGPR are compatible with neonicotinoid insecticides commonly used for white grub control.ResultsIn trials with tall fescue and hybrid bermudagrass, grasses were treated with the PGPR strain mixture Blend 20 or nitrogen or left non‐treated and were then infested with Japanese beetle grubs. Grasses treated with PGPR and nitrogen fertilizer produced significantly more top growth than the non‐treated grub‐infested controls. Tall fescue and hybrid bermudagrass treated with Blend 20 produced root mass similar to or greater than nitrogen fertilized grasses. Both grasses treated with Blend 20 had greater root mass than non‐treated infested grass. No treatment negatively impacted grub survival, and weight gains of grubs were similar for all treatments. Bacterial strains were typically compatible with insecticides used to control white grubs.ConclusionPGPR and nitrogen fertilization stimulate root growth resulting in tolerance of tall fescue and hybrid bermudagrass to white grub infestation. PGPR, acting as biostimulants to increase root biomass on grasses, may have utility for IPM of root herbivores. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A subregional analysis of family change: The spatial diffusion of one‐parent families across Italian municipalities, 1991–2011
Authors: Caltabiano Marcantonio , Dreassi Emanuela , Rocco Emilia , Vignoli Daniele 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper documents the expansion of new family patterns in Italy by scrutinising the spatial diffusion of one‐parent families across Italian municipalities for the period 1991–2011. We apply a hierarchical Bayesian model to the data of the last three Italian Population Censuses, acknowledging that variation cannot be broken down into temporal and spatial effects because space–time interaction is at the very heart of family changes. Our results illustrate substantial subregional and sub‐provincial heterogeneities in the spatial organisation of family systems, patterns that might have gone undetected had larger territorial units of analysis been considered. In addition, we show that especially socio‐economic factors were associated to the diffusion of new family forms. This paper challenges international scholarship that caricatures Italy as a monolithic, homogeneous family‐oriented country.
A generalized Bayesian nonlinear mixed‐effects regression model for zero‐inflated longitudinal count data in tuberculosis trials
Authors: Burger Divan Aristo , Schall Robert , Jacobs Rianne , Chen Ding‐Geng 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we investigate Bayesian generalized nonlinear mixed‐effects (NLME) regression models for zero‐inflated longitudinal count data. The methodology is motivated by and applied to colony forming unit (CFU) counts in extended bactericidal activity tuberculosis (TB) trials. Furthermore, for model comparisons, we present a generalized method for calculating the marginal likelihoods required to determine Bayes factors. A simulation study shows that the proposed zero‐inflated negative binomial regression model has good accuracy, precision, and credibility interval coverage. In contrast, conventional normal NLME regression models applied to log‐transformed count data, which handle zero counts as left censored values, may yield credibility intervals that undercover the true bactericidal activity of anti‐TB drugs. We therefore recommend that zero‐inflated NLME regression models should be fitted to CFU count on the original scale, as an alternative to conventional normal NLME regression models on the logarithmic scale.
BK virus: Current understanding of pathogenicity and clinical disease in transplantation
Authors: Chong Stephanie , Antoni Michelle , Macdonald Andrew , Reeves Matthew , Harber Mark , Magee Ciara N. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBK polyomavirus (BKV) is an important cause of graft loss in renal transplant recipients that continues to pose a significant challenge to clinicians due to its frequently unpredictable onset, persistence, and the lack of effective antiviral agents or prevention strategies. This review covers our current understanding of epidemiology, viral transmission and disease progression, and treatment and prevention strategies that have been used to manage this disease.
Distributed fixed‐time consensus for multiagent systems with unknown control directions
Authors: Liu Yan , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the consensus problem for high‐order multiagent systems with unknown control directions and directed communication constraints. To handle the problem of unknown control directions, a logic switching rule is established in the framework of fixed‐time stability. Then, the consensus is achieved in two steps. A group of distributed fixed‐time observers is designed to estimate the reference signals first. Based on these estimates and the designed logic switching rule, a novel control protocol is proposed for each follower system. Different from the existing results, the consensus is achieved with a fixed‐time convergence rate, and the unknown control directions are allowed to be nonidentical for each agent. Finally, simulation results are given to exhibit the validity of the proposed method.
Nitrogen Boosts Defective Vanadium Oxide from Semiconducting to Metallic Merit
Authors: Ma Zhongyuan , Rui Kun , Zhang Yao , Li Desheng , Wang Qingqing , Zhang Qiao , Du Min , Yan Jiaxu , Zhang Chao , Huang Xiao , Zhu Jixin , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract2D metal oxide nanosheets have attracted substantial attention for various applications owing to their appealing advantages. Yet, the exploration of effective methodology for fabrication of metallic 2D metal oxides with a high concentration of N dopants in a scalable manner remains challenging. Herein, a topochemical strategy is demonstrated on vanadium oxide nanosheets by combining 2D nanostructuring, heteroatom‐doping, and defect engineering for modulating their intrinsic electronic structure and greatly enhancing their electrochemical property. O vacancies and N dopants (VON and VN bonds) are in situ formed in vanadium oxide via nitridation and lead to semiconductive‐to‐metallic phase transformation evidenced by experimental results and theoretical calculation. Overall, the N‐VO0.9 nanosheets exhibit a metallic electron transportation behavior and excellent electrochemical performance. These findings shed light on the rational design and electron structure tuning of 2D nanostructures for energy and electronics applications.
Graphene‐Assisted Growth of Patterned Perovskite Films for Sensitive Light Detector and Optical Image Sensor Application
Authors: Wu Chun‐Yan , Wang Zhenyu , Liang Lin , Gui Tijun , Zhong Wei , Du Rui‐Chao , Xie Chao , Wang Li , Luo Lin‐Bao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractControlled growth of high‐quality patterned perovskite films on a large scale is essentially required for the application of this class of materials in functional integrated devices and systems. Herein, graphene‐assisted hydrophilic–hydrophobic surface‐induced growth of Cs‐doped FAPbI3 perovskite films with well‐patterned shapes by a one‐step spin‐coating process is developed. Such a facile fabrication technique is compatible with a range of spin‐coated perovskite materials, perovskite manufacturing processes, and substrates. By employing this growing method, controllable perovskite photodetector arrays are realized, which have not only prominent photoresponse properties with a responsivity and specific detectivity of 4.8 AW−1 and 4.2 × 1012 Jones, respectively, but also relatively small pixel‐to‐pixel variation. Moreover, the photodetectors array can function as an effective visible light image sensor with a decent spatial resolution. Holding the above merits, the proposed technique provides a convenient and effective pathway for large‐scale preparation of patterned perovskite films for multifunctional application purposes.
Seismic performance of pentagonal concrete‐filled steel tube megacolumns with different bottom constructions
Authors: Wu Haipeng , Cao Wanlin 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe seismic performance of irregular pentagonal concrete‐filled steel tube (CFT) megacolumns is very different from that of circular or square CFT columns. Six irregular pentagonal CFT megacolumn specimens, with multiple cavities each, derived from a tall building are tested under constant axial compression and low lateral cyclic loading. The main studied parameters are the lateral loading directions and bottom cross‐section constructions. The types of constructions investigated are normal, corner‐steel‐angle strengthened and simplified discontinuous partial steel plate fabrications. The influence of the parameters on the failure mode, bearing capacity, elastic–plastic deformability, and energy dissipation is analysed. The failure features are fractures of the bottom steel plates caused by the bending force. Both the normal and the strengthened CFT columns exhibit better seismic performance than the simplified columns and have a 8.9%–34.7% greater bearing capacity and a 24.5%–42.2% stronger elastic deformability. Therefore, utilisation of the simplified CFT columns should be limited due to its weakened ductility and energy dissipation ability when using a steel ratio similar to those used for the other column types. Finally, a simplified strength model for an irregular pentagonal CFT megacolumn is proposed, and the resultant prediction is conservative but matches the test result well.