bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La conversación civilen España
Authors: Marino Giuseppe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present study exposes the keys and characteristics of a forgotten and recently digitalised manuscript by the National Library of Madrid. It is the first and only translation into Castilian of the work of Stefano Guazzo (1530–1593).The civil conversation(Brescia, 1574) is known as one of the Renaissance dialogues on moral education and was one of the most successful in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries of its kind. The work was translated into Spanish by Joseph Gerardo de Hervás at the beginning of the 18th century and until this present time, its handwritten version has never received any kind of consideration. Thecivil conversazione, together withThe Courtierof Baltasar Castiglione and theGalateoof Giovanni della Casa, served as the most renowned three manuals on modalities in trend among the European Renaissance societies. Its purpose was to introduce not only Italian customs and thebelle manierebut also to powerfully shape societies. This research proposes a multidisciplinary view on the discovery of the Spanish version ofthe civil conversationcovering a general overview of the Renaissance dialogue as well as the importance of Guazzo’s work in Spain. It provides an overview of the translator himself and gives an in-depth analysis on the reasons for such a translation, carefully considering its Castilian anachronistic version.
Body dissatisfaction in normal weight children – sports activities and motives for engaging in sports
Authors: Grimminger‐Seidensticker Elke , Möhwald Aiko , Korte Johanna , Trojan Jörg 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBody dissatisfaction is a phenomenon that may already occur in childhood and is linked to a variety of psychosocial risks. As the role of physical activity in the context of body dissatisfaction is still ambivalent, a cross‐sectional study with 602 normal weight children (50.2% girls; Mage = 9.23 years; SD = 0.79) was conducted. The children filled in the MoMo‐Questionnaire, including items about their physical activities and motives for being physically active, as well as Bender's Body Esteem and Muscularity Concern Scale with the three subscales “body satisfaction”, “weight and shape concerns”, and “muscularity concerns”. Independent t‐tests revealed that girls were less worried about muscularity than boys (Mgirls = 1.94, SDgirls = 1.11 vs. Mboys = 3.12, SDboys = 1.43; t(560) = 11.33, p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.92), whereas girls showed greater weight and shape concerns than boys (Mgirls = 2.24, SDgirls = 0.97 vs. Mboys = 2.05, SDboys = 0.92; t(549) = 2.32, p = .02, d = 0.20). In boys, physical activity is associated with less muscularity, weight, and shape concerns. Body satisfaction increases with health and fitness motives. In girls, the role of physical activity is ambivalent: girls who engage in sports do not differ in body dissatisfaction from non‐active girls. In sportive girls, weight and shape concerns increased with more health and fitness motives. Finally, the study provides first insights into body dissatisfaction and the different role of physical activity in boys and girls in childhood.
Historical Pageants and the Medieval Past in Twentieth-Century England
Authors: Bartie Angela , Fleming Linda , Freeman Mark , Hulme Tom , Hutton Alexander , Readman Paul 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article examines the representation of the medieval past in historical pageants in twentieth-century England. Pageants were an important aspect of popular engagement with the past, and often focused heavily on the medieval period. Different episodes and characters both historical and legendary—Alfred the Great, King John and Robin Hood, for example—featured at different times and in different ways during the twentieth century. Many communities saw their origins as being medieval, and almost all found important stories to tell from this period. However, the emphasis shifted over time, with the lessons of the ‘constitutional Middle Ages’ featuring prominently in Edwardian pageants, whereas by the 1950s elements of the romantic and grotesque were increasingly prominent. Throughout the twentieth century, aspects of civic medievalism were an important feature in pageants, particularly those staged in urban locations, but the style of representation of the medieval period changed over time, partly under the influence of new media—notably the cinema, radio and television. In the second half of the twentieth century, historical pageantry declined significantly, though it never disappeared; and although popular interest in the medieval past was undiminished, it increasingly took different forms.
Regional differences in vision health: findings from Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Aggarwal Sahil , Ju David , Allen Angela M , Rose Laura A , Gill Karam P , Shen S Aricia , Temko Jamie E , Chang Irene , Faraj Jessica , Brabender Danielle E , Herbst de Cortina Sasha , Marik-Reis Olivia , Mehta Mitul C 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Visual impairment in developing countries has both social and economic impact on individuals and communities. Understanding the subjective visual functioning of populations will allow for local policymakers to identify the need for optometric or ophthalmic services in their communities.

Methods
The authors surveyed 644 adult patients in Mwanza, Tanzania at three clinics (Buzuruga, Mwananchi and Kisesa) using a modified Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25. Responses were categorized into General health, General vision, Ocular pain, Near activities, Distance activities, Social function, Mental health, Role difficulties, Color vision, Peripheral vision and Dependency.

Results
Patients at Buzuruga reported the lowest scores on most subscales. Of 100 employed patients, 37% claimed to have at least some difficulty in performing job duties due to their eyesight. At Kisesa, 146 (246/221) patients (66.1%) had never had an eye exam, compared with 134/227 (59.0%) at Buzuruga and 69/173 (39.9%) at Mwananchi (p<0.01). Common reasons for not seeing an eye doctor were the perceived expense and lack of vision problems.

Conclusions
Due to regional differences in visual functioning in Mwanza, a national effort for vision health cannot be entirely successful without addressing the individualized needs of local communities. Reducing the cost of vision care appointments may expand vision health care utilization in Mwanza.
Noninvasive Thermal Evaluation of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Patency and Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Using a Flow Enhancing Device
Authors: Hameed Mustafa Q , Zurakowski David , Proctor Mark R , Stone Scellig S D , Warf Benjamin C , Smith Edward R , Goumnerova Liliana C , Swoboda Marek , Anor Tomer , Madsen Joseph R 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
While a noninvasive flow determination would be desirable in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction, existing studies have not yet defined a role for thermal flow detection.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a revised test protocol using a micropumper designed to transiently enhance flow during thermal testing to determine whether thermal detection of flow is associated with progression to shunt revision surgery.

METHODS
Eighty-two unique tests were performed in 71 shunts. The primary outcome, need for revision within 7 d of testing, was compared with results of micropumper-augmented thermal flow detection. Statistical analysis was based on blind interpretation of test results and raw temperature data recorded during testing.

RESULTS
The test was sensitive (73%) and specific (68%) in predicting need for revision, with 5.6-fold higher probability of revision when flow was not detected. Negative predictive value in our sample was 94.2%. The probability of not requiring revision increased with increasing total temperature drop. Analysis of various possible thresholds showed that the optimal temperature cutoff may be lower than suggested by the manufacturer (0.125°C vs 0.2°C).

CONCLUSION
This is the first study to report a strong association between thermal flow evaluation and a clinical impression that a shunt is not malfunctioning. The current recommended threshold may increase the false positive rate unnecessarily, and as clinicians gain experience with the method, they may find value in examining the temperature curves themselves. Multicenter studies are suggested to further define a role for this diagnostic test.
Initial Experience Using Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging During a Trans-Sulcal Tubular Retractor Approach for the Resection of Deep-Seated Brain Tumors: A Case Series
Authors: Akbari S Hassan A , Sylvester Peter T , Kulwin Charles , Shah Mitesh V , Somasundaram Aravind , Kamath Ashwin A , Beaumont Thomas L , Rich Keith M , Chicoine Michael R 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Treatment of deep-seated subcortical intrinsic brain tumors remains challenging and may be improved with trans-sulcal tubular brain retraction techniques coupled with intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI).

OBJECTIVE
To conduct a preliminary assessment of feasibility and efficacy of iMRI in tubular retractor-guided resections of intrinsic brain tumors.

METHODS
Assessment of this technique and impact upon outcomes were assessed in a preliminary series of brain tumor patients from 2 centers.

RESULTS
Ten patients underwent resection with a tubular retractor system and iMRI. Mean age was 53.2 ± 9.0 yr (range: 37-61 yr, 80% male). Lesions included 6 gliomas (3 glioblastomas, 1 recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma, and 2 low-grade gliomas) and 4 brain metastases (1 renal cell, 1 breast, 1 lung, and 1 melanoma). Mean maximal tumor diameter was 2.9 ± 0.95 cm (range 1.2-4.3 cm). The iMRI demonstrated subtotal resection (STR) in 6 of 10 cases (60%); additional resection was performed in 5 of 6 cases (83%), reducing STR rate to 2 of 10 cases (20%), with both having tumor encroaching on eloquent structures. Seven patients (70%) were stable or improved neurologically immediately postoperatively. Three patients (30%) had new postoperative neurological deficits, 2 of which were transient. Average hospital length of stay was 3.4 ± 2.0 d (range: 1-7 d).

CONCLUSION
Combining iMRI with tubular brain retraction techniques is feasible and may improve the extent of resection of deep-seated intrinsic brain tumors that are incompletely visualized with the smaller surgical exposure of tubular retractors.
Management of Cavernous Sinus Meningioma Presenting With Cerebrovascular Insufficiency Secondary to Cavernous Carotid Artery Occlusion: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Alzhrani Gmaan , Derrico Nicholas , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Couldwell William T 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Surgical removal of cavernous sinus meningiomas is challenging and associated with high morbidities as a result of the anatomic location and the surrounding neurovascular structures that are often invaded or encased by the tumor. Advances in radiotherapy techniques have led to the adoption of more conservative approaches in the management of cavernous sinus meningioma. Internal carotid artery encasement and invasion has been documented in these cases; however, ischemic presentation secondary to internal carotid artery stenosis or occlusion by meningioma in the region of the cavernous sinus is rare, with only few cases reported in the literature.

OBJECTIVE
To report our surgical technique and experience with bypass grafting for cavernous sinus meningiomas that invade or narrow the internal carotid artery.

METHODS
We report 2 patients who presented with signs and symptoms attributed to cavernous carotid artery occlusion secondary to cavernous sinus meningioma in the last 5 yr. Both patients were treated with flow augmentation without surgical intervention for the cavernous sinus meningioma.

RESULTS
In both cases, the clinical and radiological signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency improved markedly, and the patients’ tumors are currently being monitored.

CONCLUSION
Although the cerebrovascular insufficiency in this subset of patients is attributed to the occlusion of the cavernous carotid artery caused by the tumor, we propose treating those patients with flow augmentation first with or without radiation therapy when there is a clear imaging feature suggestive of meningioma in the absence of significant cranial nerve deficit.
Using Naturalistic Methods to Examine Real-World Driving Behavior in Individuals With TBI Upon Return to Driving
Authors: Hua Phuong , Charlton Judith L. , Ponsford Jennie L. , Gooden James R. , Ross Pamela E. , Bédard Michel , Marshall Shawn , Gagnon Sylvain , Stolwyk Renerus J. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
To characterize the real-world driving habits of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) using naturalistic methods and to demonstrate the feasibility of such methods in exploring return to driving after TBI.

Methods:
After passing an on-road driving assessment, 8 participants with TBI and 23 matched controls had an in-vehicle device installed to record information regarding their driving patterns (distance, duration, and start/end times) for 90 days.

Results:
The overall number of trips, distance and duration or percentage of trips during peak hour, above 15 km from home or on freeways/highways did not differ between groups. However, the TBI group drove significantly less at night, and more during the daytime, than controls. Exploratory analyses using geographic information system (GIS) also demonstrated significant within-group heterogeneity for the TBI group in terms of location of travel.

Conclusions:
The TBI and control groups were largely comparable in terms of driving exposure, except for when they drove, which may indicate small group differences in driving self-regulatory practices. However, the GIS evidence suggests driving patterns within the TBI group were heterogeneous. These findings provide evidence for the feasibility of employing noninvasive in-car recording devices to explore real-world driving behavior post-TBI.
Endoscopic stenting for palliation of intra-abdominal gastrointestinal malignant obstruction: predictive factors for clinical success
Authors: Pais-Cunha Inês , Castro Rui , Libânio Diogo , Pita Inês , Bastos Rui P. , Silva Rui , Dinis-Ribeiro Mario , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro 
Published: May 2018

Background
Endoscopic stenting proved to be a safe alternative to surgery for malignant intra-abdominal gastrointestinal obstruction. Although high technical success rates have been reported, some patients do not experience relief in symptoms.

Aim
This study aimed to analyse the factors predicting the effectiveness of stent placement in patients with gastrointestinal obstruction.

Patients and methods
A retrospective study was carried out including 160 patients who underwent palliative stenting for intra-abdominal obstruction in a tertiary centre from December 2012 to July 2017. Technical and clinical success, stent dysfunction and adverse events were analysed.

Results
The rate of technical success was 98%. The rate of early clinical success was 69 and 81% in upper and lower gastrointestinal obstructions, respectively (P=0.107). In the upper tract, obstruction caused by carcinomatosis was the only independent factor predicting early and late clinical failure [odds ratio (OR): 9.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5–38.4, P=0.001 and OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 1.8–31.9, P=0.006, respectively]. In the colon, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of at least 3 was an independent factor for early clinical failure (OR: 29.8, 95% CI: 1.9–464.9, P=0.002) and obstruction caused by carcinomatosis was an independent factor for late clinical failure (OR: 14.4, 95% CI: 1.7–119.6, P=0.013). Perforation occurred in 4 patients (2.5%) and stent dysfunction occurred in 15% of patients (4% stent migration; 9% restenosis). Carcinomatosis was a risk factor for perforation (P=0.039) and migration was higher with shorter 6 cm stents (P=0.044).

Conclusion
Stents are effective and safe for palliation of intra-abdominal obstruction. Carcinomatosis predicts an unfavourable clinical outcome. Palliative stenting as an option should be weighed carefully in these patients.
An investigation into the origins and history of pandemic small ruminant lentivirus infection
Authors: Carrozza Maria-Luisa , Niewiadomska Anna-Maria , Mazzei Maurizio , Abi-Said Mounir R. , Hué Stéphane , Singer Joshua B. , Hughes Joseph , Gifford Robert J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSmall ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) cause chronic, persistent infections in populations of domestic sheep and goats throughout the world. In this study, we use genomic data to investigate the origins and history of the SRLV pandemic. To explore the hypothesis that SRLV infection disseminated during Neolithic times, we performed a serology and DNA sequencing-based investigation of SRLVs diversity in the Fertile Crescent region, where domestication of sheep and goats is thought to have originally occurred. While we found an elevated level of viral genetic diversity compared to other regions of the world, we did not find unambiguous evidence that the Fertile Crescent region was the centre of the contemporary SRLV pandemic. We therefore examined historical reports to investigate the relationship between contemporary SRLV distribution and diversity and the emergence of SRLV-associated disease. Historical data suggested that the emergence of SRLV-associated disease might be associated with the long-distance export of exotic small ruminant breeds - in particular, karakul sheep from Central Asia - during the late 19thand early 20thcenturies. Phylogeographic analysis could neither confirm nor refute this hypothesis. However, we anticipate that future accumulation of genomic data from SRLV strains found throughout the world may allow for a more definitive assessment. The openly available data and resources assembled in this study will facilitate future investigations in this area.ImportanceViruses that cause chronic, persistent infections have circulated in animals for millions of years. However, many have only emerged as pathogens within the far shorter timeframe of recorded human history. It is important to understand the history of chronic viral infections in domestic animals, so that more effective control and eradication programs can be developed.
Genetic Modifiers of Pathogenic LRRK2 G2019S Neurodegeneration in Drosophila
Authors: Lavoy Sierra , Chittoor-Vinod Vinita G. , Chow Clement Y. , Martin Ian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDisease phenotypes can be highly variable among individuals with the same pathogenic mutation. There is increasing evidence that background genetic variation is a strong driver of disease variability in addition to the influence of environment. To understand the genotype-phenotype relationship that determines the expressivity of a pathogenic mutation, a large number of backgrounds must be studied. This can be efficiently achieved using model organism collections such as the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Here, we used the DGRP to assess the variability of locomotor dysfunction in a LRRK2 G2019S Drosophila melanogaster model of Parkinson’s disease. We find substantial variability in the LRRK2 G2019S locomotor phenotype in different DGRP backgrounds. A genome-wide association study for candidate genetic modifiers reveals 177 genes that drive wide phenotypic variation, including 19 top association genes. Genes involved in the outgrowth and regulation of neuronal projections are enriched in these candidate modifiers. RNAi functional testing of the top association and neuronal projection-related genes reveals that pros, pbl, ct and CG33506 significantly modify age-related dopamine neuron loss and associated locomotor dysfunction in the Drosophila LRRK2 G2019S model. These results demonstrate how natural genetic variation can be used as a powerful tool to identify genes that modify disease-related phenotypes. We report novel candidate modifier genes for LRRK2 G2019S that may be used to interrogate the link between LRRK2, neurite regulation and neuronal degeneration in Parkinson’s disease.
Flux Balance Analysis Identifies Distinct NADPH Production Strategies Across NCI 60 Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Ahmad Zaid 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFlux Balance Analysis is a linear mathematical procedure which determines the set of reaction fluxes to produce a maximum flux of a reaction of interest. In this study, a core cancer model developed by Zielinski et al. 2017 is constrained by a set of 59 cancer cell type specific uptake and secretion rates. Optimizing for cell type specific biomass objective reactions and examining serine flux distributions reveals variability in production of NADPH. In many cell lines, production of NADPH is correlated to biosynthetic demand, however, outliers exist that produce excess NADPH beyond that of biomass demand. These outliers are first characterized by their NADPH production strategy (pentose phosphate pathway or a combination of One Folate Cycle and Malic Enzyme) and then the factors responsible for the different NADPH production strategies are identified. Results indicate that pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) producing NADPH cell lines had reprogrammed tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism to meet the demand for decreased flux through glycolytic enzymes, while one folate cycle and malic enzyme (OFC + ME) producing NADPH cell lines had higher threonine, tyrosine and serine uptake.
De novo computational RNA modeling into cryoEM maps of large ribonucleoprotein complexes
Authors: Kappel Kalli , Liu Shiheng , Larsen Kevin P. , Skiniotis Georgios , Puglisi Elisabetta Viani , Puglisi Joseph D. , Zhou Z. Hong , Zhao Rui , Das Rhiju 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRNA-protein assemblies carry out many critical biological functions including translation, RNA splicing, and telomere extension. Increasingly, cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) is used to determine the structures of these complexes, but nearly all maps determined with this method have regions in which the local resolution does not permit manual coordinate tracing. Because RNA coordinates typically cannot be determined by docking crystal structures of separate components and existing structure prediction algorithms cannot yet model RNA-protein complexes, RNA coordinates are frequently omitted from final models despite their biological importance. To address these omissions, we have developed a new framework for De novo Ribonucleoprotein modeling in Real-space through Assembly of Fragments Together with Electron density in Rosetta (DRRAFTER). We show that DRRAFTER recovers near-native models for a diverse benchmark set of small RNA-protein complexes, as well as for large RNA-protein machines, including the spliceosome, mitochondrial ribosome, and CRISPR-Cas9-sgRNA complexes where the availability of both high and low resolution maps enable rigorous tests. Blind tests on yeast U1 snRNP and spliceosomal P complex maps demonstrate that the method can successfully build RNA coordinates in real-world modeling scenarios. Additionally, to aid in final model interpretation, we present a method for reliable in situ estimation of DRRAFTER model accuracy. Finally, we apply this method to recently determined maps of telomerase, the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase initiation complex, and the packaged MS2 genome, demonstrating that DRRAFTER can be used to accelerate accurate model building in challenging cases.