bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Large Aboveground Storage Tanks Subject to Seismic Loading: Part II — Explicit Dynamic Analysis With Liquid Sloshing Effects
Authors: Kummari Seetha Ramudu , Prueter Phillip E. , Bifano Michael F. P. 
Published: November 2018

The dynamic response of storage tanks subjected to seismic loading is complex. Analyzing the structural response of a tank is not only dependent on accurately modeling the major design features and simulating the seismic loading, but also the sloshing of the fluid contained within the tank can affect the overall behavior and likely failure modes. Advanced dynamic simulation techniques, such as the ones discussed herein, permit comparison between these closed-form methods and computational predictions; that is, any potential conservatism or lack thereof associated with traditional design by rule methodologies can be identified using computational analysis. Additionally, for tanks that were not originally designed to a modern Code or recommended practice that includes consideration for seismic loading, the computational analysis methods discussed in this study offer a means to evaluate the structural integrity of vintage tanks under seismic loading conditions that are still in service today.
This paper discusses explicit dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) techniques to simulate seismic loading on a large, aboveground, in-service Ammonia storage tank that carries a high consequence of failure. The fluid-structure interaction and sloshing behavior of the contained fluid are directly accounted for. Commentary on using smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH), coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL), and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis techniques is provided. The underlying methodology behind these simulation techniques is discussed, and the overall dynamic response of the tank is investigated. The results from the explicit dynamic seismic simulations are compared with the current seismic design guidance provided in API 650 [1] and equivalent static simulation techniques (documented in Part I of this study [2]). Furthermore, this case study highlights a practical application where advanced analysis is employed to investigate a real-life fluid-structure interaction problem.
Temperature Jump Measurement at Stainless Steel and Helium Interface: Application to Used Nuclear Fuel Vacuum Drying Process
Authors: Zampella Cody , Hadj-Nacer Mustafa , Greiner Miles 
Published: November 2018

Vacuum drying of nuclear fuel canisters may cause the temperature of fuel assemblies to considerably increase due to the effect of gas rarefaction at low pressures. This effect may induce a temperature-jump at the gas-solid interfaces. It is important to predict the temperature-jump at these interfaces to accurately estimate the maximum temperature of the fuel assemblies during vacuum drying.
The objective of this work is to setup a concentric cylinders experimental apparatus that can acquire data to benchmark rarefied gas heat transfer simulations, and determine the temperature-jump coefficient at the interface between stainless steel surface and helium gas. The temperature-jump is determined by measuring the temperature difference and heat flux across a 2-mm gap between the concentric cylinders that contains rarefied helium and compare the results to analytical calculations in the slip rarefaction regime.
Study on TMD for Long Period Structure Using Air Floating Technique: Investigation of Fundamental Performance
Authors: Furuya Osamu , Kurabayashi Hiroshi , Takahashi Osamu , Sanpei Kunio , Sakamoto Shoichi , Yamazaki Koji , Muto Manabu 
Published: November 2018

Natural period of architectural structure have been longer to be high-rise in recent years. Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is applied for the structural response reduction in such a long period structure. In general since there are a lot of design cases using a guide rail for linear motion guide of the mass in TMD, the friction coefficient in assembled TMD becomes almost from 3/1000 to 5/1000. The friction coefficient leads an important problem in view point of performance design for long period structures because of that the friction force becomes a large compared with starting inertia force.
In this study, new type TMD with air pressure floating technique has been examined to reduce a friction force for starting inertia force, and to set 0.01 m/s2 in starting acceleration as a performance target. This paper shows the evaluation results for fundamental performance from static loading test and shaking table test.
Study on Applicability of Master Curve Methodology Using Miniature C(T) Specimen to a Reactor Pressure Vessel With Low Upper Shelf Energy
Authors: Yoshimoto Kentaro , Hirota Takatoshi , Sakamoto Hiroyuki , Oshikiri Masato , Tsutsumi Kazuya , Murakami Takeshi 
Published: November 2018

Miniature compact tension (Mini-C(T)) specimen can be an effective tool by utilizing together with Master Curve (MC) methodology for fracture toughness evaluation of irradiated reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. Recently, Mini-C(T) specimen has been incorporated into the Japanese standard test method related to MC methodology, JEAC4216-2015 and several studies were found focusing on applicability of Mini-C(T) specimen to irradiated RPV materials. However, there exist some other issues to be resolved considering application to irradiated materials. One of them is violation against the limitation criteria for ductile crack growth (DCG) specified in the standards. In general, upper shelf energy (USE) of RPV materials tends to decrease as well as shift in Charpy transition temperature due to neutron irradiation embrittlement. It may cause reduction in resistance of material against DCG and this leads to the problem peculiar to low USE materials such that the limitation for DCG might be dominant rather than that for KJclimit. Therefore, it is possible to fail to obtain valid KJc data even within valid temperature range of MC methodology, i.e. −50°C ≤ T-To ≤ 50°C, for low USE materials using Mini-C(T) specimens.
In this study, the RPV steel with USE lower than 68J was made simulating reduction of USE due to neutron irradiation. Fracture toughness tests were performed using Mini-C(T) specimens as well as the standard 1T-C(T) specimens. Based on the test results, the validity for DCG limitation was also evaluated for each datum by post-test observation of fracture surface. Additionally, effectiveness of added side grooves and double thickness of specimen was examined as a countermeasure for Mini-C(T) specimen.
Development of Seismic Countermeasures Against Cliff Edges for Enhancement of Comprehensive Safety of Nuclear Power Plants: Cliff Edges Relevant to NPP Building System
Authors: Nishida Akemi , Choi Byunghyun , Yamano Hidemasa , Takada Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2018

This study identified and quantified possible cliff edge effects through a seismic safety evaluation of a nuclear power plant, based on the concepts of risk and defense in depth. Cliff edges of the both physical and knowledge-oriented type were considered in this study. We investigated a seismic isolation effect, etc., for physical cliff edges, and the modeling of the target structure, boundary conditions, etc., for knowledge-oriented cliff edges.
Response analysis was performed using a sway-rocking (SR) model and a three-dimensional model of the target building. The seismic isolation effect of the base-isolated building was confirmed by comparison to the results of earthquake-resistant building. In the case of a collision with the retaining wall of the base-isolated building, the level of damage was found to depend on the modeling of the collision condition assumed. On the other hand, the study confirmed the differences between the results from the SR model and the three-dimensional model. And the greater fidelity of the three-dimensional model was also confirmed. This paper presents and discusses these results.
Methodology for Identifying Blunt Flaws Using Ultrasonic In-Service Inspection Data
Authors: Jyrkama M. I. , Pandey M. D. , Li M. 
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a methodology for identifying blunt flaws in piping using in-service data from ultrasonic inspection tools. The method is applicable to data obtained from predetermined inspection grids, or directly from bracelet or array type inspection tools. The flaw edge and size are identified by calculating the three-dimensional slope vector (i.e., magnitude and direction) of each point in the kriging interpolated wall thickness profile. The transition from a steeper slope to a relatively flat profile is then used by a search algorithm to determine the flaw edge.
The method is applied to the flaw assessment of feeder piping in CANDU nuclear reactors. The results show that in addition to identifying blunt flaws, the developed methodology also provides a convenient way for characterizing the flaw dimensions for structural integrity assessment. The uncertainty in the results is mainly attributed to the signal loss and coverage error associated with the inspection data.
Success of trabeculectomy surgery in relation to cataract surgery: 5-year outcomes
Authors: Mathew Rashmi G , Parvizi Sahar , Murdoch Ian E 
Published: November 2018

AimsTo compare success proportions at 5 years in three surgical groups: group 1, trabeculectomy alone; group 2, trabeculectomy followed by cataract surgery within 2 years; and group 3, trabeculectomy performed on a pseudophakic eye.MethodsA retrospective cohort study. 194 eyes of 194 patients were identified with at least 5 years’ follow-up post trabeculectomy (N=85, 60 and 49 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively).Main outcome measures1. Primary outcome measure: intraocular pressure (IOP) at 5 years post-trabeculectomy surgery, 2.Secondary outcome measure: change in visual acuity at 5 years.ResultsAt 5 years, the mean IOP (SD) was 12.9 (3.5), 12.5 (4.8) and 12.7 (4.8) mm Hg in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Overall success was almost identical, 58%, 57% and 59% in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of percentage IOP reduction, number of medications, proportion restarting medication and reoperation rates at 5 years. Logistic regression for an outcome of failure showed men to be at increased risk of failure OR 1.97 (95% CI 1.10 to 3.52, p=0.02). Nearly 80% of patients retained or improved their vision following their initial trabeculectomy.ConclusionsThe sequence in which surgery is carried out does not appear to affect trabeculectomy function at 5 years, success being similar to trabeculectomy alone. In our study, men may be at increased risk of failure.
Cluster randomised controlled trial of an online intervention to prevent ecstasy and new psychoactive substance use among adolescents: final results and implications for implementation
Authors: Champion Katrina E , Newton Nicola Clare , Stapinski Lexine , Teesson Maree 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the onlineClimate Schools: Ecstasy and Emerging Drugs moduleover 2 years, and examine the impact of intervention dose on outcomes.DesignCluster randomised controlled trial.SettingSecondary schools in Australia.Participants1126 students (aged 14.9 years) from 11 schools.InterventionFive schools were randomly allocated to the four-lesson internet-basedClimate Schools: Ecstasy and Emerging Drugsmodule. This universal intervention uses cartoon storylines to deliver harm-minimisation information about ecstasy and new psychoactive substances (NPS). It was delivered during health education classes over 4 weeks. Six schools were randomised to the control group (health education as usual). Participants were not blinded to intervention allocation.Outcomes measuresStudents completed self-report surveys at baseline, post-test, 6, 12 and 24 months post-baseline. Intentions to use ecstasy and NPS (including synthetic cannabis and synthetic stimulants), knowledge about ecstasy and NPS and lifetime use of ecstasy and NPS were assessed. This paper reports the results at 24 months post-baseline.AnalysisMixed effects regressions were conducted to analyse intervention effects from baseline to 24 months. Post hoc analyses using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting compared controls with students who: i) completed all four lessons (‘full dose’) and ii) partially completed the intervention (≤three lessons, ‘incomplete dose’).ResultsPrimary analyses found that controls were significantly more likely to intend on using synthetic cannabis compared with intervention group students (OR=3.56, p=0.01). Results from the weighted analyses indicated that controls reported significantly lower knowledge about ecstasy (p=0.001) and NPS (p=0.04) compared with the full-dose group. No significant differences were observed between the incomplete dose and control groups.ConclusionsThe online intervention was effective in modifying students’ intentions to use synthetic cannabis up to 24 months; however, this study highlights the importance of delivering prevention programmes in full to maximise student outcomes.Trial registration numberACTRN12613000708752.
Protective effects of oral anticoagulants on cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment in patients with atrial fibrillation: protocol for a multicentre, prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study (Strawberry study)
Authors: Saji Naoki , Sakurai Takashi , Ito Kengo , Tomimoto Hidekazu , Kitagawa Kazuo , Miwa Kaori , Tanaka Yuji , Kozaki Koichi , Kario Kazuomi , Eto Masato , Suzuki Keisuke , Shimizu Atsuya , Niida Shumpei , Hirakawa Akihiro , Toba Kenji 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionNon-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is known as a robust risk factor for stroke. Recent reports have suggested a risk of dementia with NVAF, but much remains unknown regarding the relationship between this mechanism and the potential protective effects of novel anticoagulants (direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), or non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants).Methods and analysisThis study, the strategy to obtain warfarin or DOAC’s benefit by evaluating registry, is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, prospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study comparing the effects of warfarin therapy and DOACs on cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment over an estimated duration of 36 months. Once a year for 3 years, the activities of daily living and cognitive functioning of non-demented patients with NVAF will be assessed. Demographics, risk factors, laboratory investigations, lifestyle, social background and brain MRI will be assessed.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (No. 1017) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent will be obtained before study enrolment and only coded data will be stored in a secured database. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings to ensure the applicability of the findings in clinical practice.Trial registration numberUMIN000025721.
Between-hospital and between-neighbourhood variance in trauma outcomes: cross-sectional observational evidence from the Detroit metropolitan area
Authors: Sall Lauren , Hayward R David , Fessler Mary M , Edhayan Elango 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveDisparities in treatment outcomes for traumatic injury are an important concern for care providers and policy makers. Factors that may influence these disparities include differences in risk exposure based on neighbourhood of residence and differences in quality of care between hospitals in different areas. This study examines geographical disparities within a single region: the Detroit metropolitan area.DesignData on all trauma admissions between 2006 and 2014 were obtained from the Michigan State Inpatient Database. Admissions were grouped by patient neighbourhood of residence and admitting hospital. Generalised linear mixed modelling procedures were used to determine the extent of shared variance based on these two levels of categorisation on three outcomes. Patients with trauma due to common mechanisms (falls, firearms and motor vehicle traffic) were examined as additional subgroups.Setting66 hospitals admitting patients for traumatic injury in the Detroit metropolitan area during the period from 2006 to 2014.Participants404 675 adult patients admitted for treatment of traumatic injury.Outcome measuresIn-hospital mortality, length of stay and hospital charges.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients indicated that there was substantial shared variance in outcomes based on hospital, but not based on neighbourhood of residence. Among all injury types, hospital-level differences accounted for 12.5% of variance in mortality risk, 28.5% of variance in length of stay and 32.2% of variance in hospital charges. Adjusting the results for patient age, injury severity, mechanism and comorbidities did not result in significant reduction in the estimated variance at the hospital level.ConclusionsBased on these data, geographical disparities in trauma treatment outcomes were more strongly attributable to differences in access to quality hospital care than to risk factors in the neighbourhood environment. Transfer of high-risk cases to hospitals with greater institutional experience in the relevant area may help address mortality disparities in particular.
Impoverishment and catastrophic expenditures due to out-of-pocket payments for antenatal and delivery care in Yangon Region, Myanmar: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Myint Aye Nyein Moe , Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Htay Thein Thein , Wai Myint Myint , Sundby Johanne , Bjertness Espen 
Published: November 2018

Objectives(1) To assess the levels of impoverishment and catastrophic expenditure due to out-of-pocket (OOP) payments for antenatal care (ANC) and delivery care in Yangon Region, Myanmar; and (2) to explore the determinants of impoverishment and catastrophic expenditure.Design, setting and participantsA community-based cross-sectional survey among women giving birth within the past 12 months in Yangon, Myanmar, was conducted during October to November 2016 using three-stage cluster sampling procedure.Outcome measuresPoverty headcount ratio, normalised poverty gap and catastrophic expenditure incidence due to OOP payments in the utilisation of ANC and delivery care as well as the determinants of impoverishment and catastrophic expenditure.ResultsOf 759 women, OOP payments were made by 75% of the women for ANC and 99.6% for delivery care. The poverty headcount ratios after payments increased to 4.3% among women using the ANC services, to 1.3% among those using delivery care and to 6.1% among those using both ANC and delivery care. The incidences of catastrophic expenditure after payments were found to be 12% for ANC, 9.1% for delivery care and 20.9% for both ANC and delivery care. The determinants of impoverishment and catastrophic expenditure were women’s occupation, number of household members, number of ANC visits and utilisation of skilled health personnel and health facilities. The associations of the outcomes with these variables bear both negative and positive signs.ConclusionsOOP payments for all ANC and delivery care services are a challenge to women, as one of fifteen women become impoverished and a further one-fifth incur catastrophic expenditures after visiting facilities that offer these services.
Determining the optimal time for liberation from renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis (DOnE RRT)
Authors: Al Saadon Abdalrhman , Katulka Riley , Sebastianski Meghan , Featherstone Robin , Vandermeer Ben , Gibney R T Noel , Rewa Oleksa G , Bagshaw Sean M 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionRenal replacement therapy (RRT) is a complex and expensive form of life-sustaining therapy, reserved for our most acutely ill patients. While a number of randomised trials have evaluated the optimal timing to start RRT among critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), there has been a paucity of trials providing guidance on when and under what circumstances to ideally liberate a patient from RRT. We are conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify clinical and biochemical markers that predict kidney recovery and successful liberation from acute RRT among critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.Methods and analysisOur comprehensive search strategy was developed in consultation with a research librarian and independently peer-reviewed by a second librarian. We will search electronic databases: Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase and Wiley Cochrane Library. Selected grey literature sources will also be searched. Our search strategies will focus on concepts related to RRT (ie, intermittent haemodialysis, slow low-efficiency dialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy), intensive care (ie, involving any ICU setting) and discontinuation of therapy (ie, either clinical, physiological and biochemical parameters of weaning acute RRT) from 1990 to October 10, 2017. Citation screening, selection, quality assessment and data abstraction will be performed in duplicate. Studies will, where possible, be pooled in statistical meta-analysis. When deemed sufficiently clinically homogenous, and we have four or more studies reporting, sensitivities and specificities will be pooled simultaneously using a hierarchical summary receiver operator characteristic curve and bivariate analysis.Ethics and disseminationOur systematic review will synthesise the literature on clinical and biochemical markers that predict liberation from RRT. Research ethics approval is not required.Trial registration numberCRD42018074615.
Influences of facial disfigurement and social support for psychosocial adjustment among patients with oral cancer in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Tsae-Jyy , Lu Ming-Hsiu , Kuo Pei-Ling , Chen Yi-Wei , Lee Shu-Chiung , Liang Shu-Yuan 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo explore the influences of facial disfigurement and social support for psychosocial adjustment in patients with oral cancer.DesignA cross-sectional design was used for the study.Participants and settingA convenience sample of 77 patients with oral cancer was recruited from the otolaryngology and oral and maxillofacial surgery outpatient clinics of three general hospitals in Taiwan.MeasuresData were collected using the study questionnaires, including the Facial Disfigurement Scale, the Social Support Scale and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale.ResultsThe mean score on the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale was 413.01 (SD=32.32); 71.4% of the participants were maladjusted. Results of multiple regression analysis showed statistically significant main effects of tumour site (beta=0.37), facial disfigurement (beta=0.35) and social support (beta=−1.01), and the interaction effect of facial disfigurement and social support (beta=0.79) (all p<0.05) on psychosocial adjustment after controlling for other sociodemographic and clinical variables. All variables together explained 62% of the variance in psychosocial adjustment (F(16, 55)=14.98, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe level of psychosocial adjustment in patients with oral cancer was suboptimal. Poorer psychosocial adjustment was reported by patients with more severe facial disfigurement and less social support. Patients with cancers in other areas of the oral cavity also reported poorer psychosocial adjustment than patients with cancers in the buccal mucosa. Medical professionals may use these variables to identify higher risk groups for early intensive intervention.