bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goethe’s contribution to philosophy: the morphology of individuality
Authors: Brock Steen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this essay, I will discuss a variety of considerations that Goethe expressed in his writings. I will with few exceptions address these writings in chronological order. I include both literary and scientific-philosophical works. In this way I hope to show that a certain theme is at the heart of Goethe’s thinking, and that Goethe’s later works expresses a sophisticated and “deep” account of this theme. In addition, I will try to explain how one can ascribe this Goethean theme to major philosophers of the twentieth century – Cassirer, Merleau-Ponty, and Wittgenstein. The theme in question concerns the individuality of a human life in a metaphysical sense, characterizing the individual as situated “in between” Nature and Culture. By being both a child of Nature and a child of Culture, the fate of individuals is the transformation of previously given human concerns and practices. There never is a natural child nor a cultural formation securing human individuality. In Goethe’s words: The history of an individual human beingisthe individual human being.“Die Geschichte der Wissenschaft ist die Wissenschaft selbst, die Geschichte des Individuums, das Individuum”. See Hamacher (2010, 182). Hamacher’s book has been a major source for me!
Design of Code Acquisition Method of FHSS System
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohanad , Ogwali Gabriel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) communication systems offer significant performance advantages in view of their low probability of intercept, improved performance in multipath fading environments and their ability to avoid interference by hopping into low interference frequency channels. For the transmitted sequence to be correctly received and demodulated, the frequency hop sequence used at the receiver should be similar to that employed in the transmitter. Code acquisition infrequency hopping attempts to address this problem by providing a frequency hop pattern at the receiver that is nearly identical to that used at the transmitter. Code acquisition brings the alignment between the transmitter and the receiver hop pattern to at least one hop period. The main objective of this paper is to design and demonstrate a FHSS code acquisition method. The type of channel used is Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).
Code Tracking of DSSS Signal over AWGN Channel
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohanad , Omar Hassan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication systems offer significant performance advantages in view of their low probability of intercept, improved performance in multipath fading environments and their ability to avoid interference by spreading the signal over a wide bandwidth hence distributing the power. For the transmitted sequence to be correctly received and demodulated, the spreading sequence used at the receiver should be similar to that employed in the transmitter. This paper utilizes MATLAB Simulink to demonstrate a method of synchronizing the code clock at the receiver with the code clock at the transmitter. This fine alignment process is knownas code tracking.
Important Aspects of Human Blood Exposure in the Radio and Microwave Field
Authors: Silaghi A. M. , Rohde U. L. , Poddar A. K. , Silaghi H. , Ilias T. I. , Fratila O.C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To expose humans to microwave emissions damages biological welfare. For measuring the dielectric properties of biological tissues, it was studied whether current safety standard recommendations are inappropriate as far as human blood function is concerned. Thirty age and gender matched blood samples will serve as control. For increased accuracy detection of any possible alteration and to help orientate towards the details that are to be studied ultra-structurally, a special stain was used. An electronic microscope analysis will be performed on all the blood samples after specific preparation to see whether such microwave exposure might affect the ultra-structure of the blood cells. After modeling and sectioning the blocks were contrasted using acetate-uranyl and lead-citrate and study them with an electronic microscope. The obtained images are processed using Viewer Imaging Analysis software for further analysis. In the end, scanning microscopy must be used in order to detect any surface dimorphisms that might appear due to the microwave exposure.
Guitar Audio Amplifier Using IC LM386
Authors: Gheorghe A. C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The paper proposes the development of a guitar audio amplifier that is made from a low-priced IC LM386 chip, this amplifier can also be used for radios and other electronic projects IC LM 386 is a reliable and versatile chip that can be used even to make an oscillator that can output sine or square waves. The purpose behind developing this guitar audio amplifier is to offer an easy and economical way to build a good sounding amplifier.
Performance Analysis of Turbo Codes Over AWGN Channel
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohanad , Thairu Mbugua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Turbo coding is a very powerful error correction technique that has made a tremendous impact on channel coding in the past two decades. It outperforms most known coding schemes by achieving near Shannon limit error correction using simple component codes and large interleavers. This paper investigates the turbo coder in detail. It presents a design and a working model of the error correction technique using Simulink, a companion softwareto MATLAB. Finally, graphical and tabular results are presented to show that the designed turbo coder works as expected.
Systemic Analysis for the Use of Renewable Sources of Energy for the Electric Automobile. Case Study for Romania
Authors: Vasile N. , Salisteanu C.I. , Nedelcu Otilia , Istudor I. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The introduction of the electric energy in more and more diverse applications currently represents an evolution which is considered normal, taking into account the durable development concept, which are required among the decision makers, and also due to the fact that the oil and gas resources are not evenly distributed in the world, and those who do not have these resources look for solutions to provide them a certain independence over those who have resources. One of the technical solutions, available on Earth, is currently represented by the renewable energy sources. Their usage in the field of the electric automobile charging, is both an economic and technical challenge. Technical solutions are available, and they are developing, but their industrial application is related to an economic strategic approach and a systemic one, which are treated below.
Understanding and Measuring the Decomposition Products in Phosphate Ester Fluids Using Linear Sweep Voltammetry (Remaining Useful Life Evaluation Routine)
Authors: Mehta Jatin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Critical applications such as electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems in steam turbines use phosphate ester fluids. EHC valves regulate the flow of steam in a steam turbine and hence maintain the efficiency of the turbine. These fluids undergo degradation during their life cycle, the primary degradation mode being hydrolysis. This article describes the hydrolysis reactions of phosphate ester fluids, hydrolysis byproducts, and the measurement of the species involved (i.e., alkylphenols). Hydrolysis byproducts affect the fluid’s performance, and, hence, their analysis is critical for proper condition monitoring of the phosphate ester fluid. An electroanalytical method, linear sweep voltammetry, is described to measure the alkylphenols generated during the decomposition process. Monitoring the alkylphenols serves as a leading indicator tool for monitoring the hydrolysis extent and as a leading indicator for the varnish potential of the in-service phosphate ester fluid.
Effect of Key Aggregate Morphology and Mold Modulus on the Spatial Distribution of Internal Air Voids in the Compacted Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Lei Yong , Wang Hainian , You Zhanping , Ji Chuanjun , Dong Shi , Yang Xu , Gao Junfeng , Xiao Jinkun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Air voids in asphalt mixtures have a significant effect on the mechanical performance and functional characteristics of asphalt pavement. The reasonable spatial distribution of internal air voids is not only necessary to ensure the road performance of asphalt pavement in the field but also helps to enhance the determination accuracy of a performance parameter of an asphalt mixture specimen in the laboratory. To improve the influence of uneven spatial distribution of internal air voids on the structure strength of asphalt mixture, especially the determination involved in the mechanical parameters of an asphalt mixture specimen in the laboratory, four different asphalt mixtures were fabricated by a Superpave Gyratory Compactor to research two influential factors: the morphological features of key 4.75-mm-diameter aggregates and the compaction mold modulus. The Aggregate Image Measurement System was employed to analyze the morphological features of the 4.75-mm-diameter aggregate, and 1 rubber gasket was pasted on the mold bottom plate and base plate to change the compaction mold modulus. The spatial distribution of internal air voids in the asphalt mixture specimen was captured through mathematical analysis on X-ray computed tomography scanning images. The results showed that 4.75-mm aggregates with higher sphericity can produce a more homogeneous spatial distribution of air voids in the compacted asphalt mixture specimen. Along the axial direction, the internal porosities of sublayers in the asphalt mixture specimen fluctuated from 4.5 to 15.6 %. The internal porosity in the asphalt mixture specimen increased with a decrease in the compaction mold modulus because part of compaction energy was absorbed by the rubber gasket, while the spatial distribution of internal air voids in the specimen compacted by low modulus mold was more homogeneous than that by a higher modulus mold. This research indicated that the spatial distribution of internal air voids in an asphalt mixture specimen can be optimized further with some appropriate controlling methods.
Evaluation of Engineering Properties of Rock-Modified Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Chang Shu-Chia , Liao Min-Chih , Shen Der-Hsien 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The addition of the naturally occurring Buton rock asphalt (BRA) into the asphalt mixtures should be more desirable not only for stiffening the base asphalt but also for the future perspective of pavement recycling. The aim of this article is to evaluate the engineering characteristics of the rock-modified asphalt concrete (RMAC) using comprehensive laboratory tests. Test results showed that the RMAC produced by the wet process generally had better performance in all engineering properties as compared with the RMAC prepared by the dry modification process. The high-temperature performance for the RMACs appeared to be better than that for the unmodified asphalt concrete, but the resistance to raveling of the asphalt mixtures was slightly sacrificed after the addition of the rock asphalt. In addition, it is found that the addition of the rock asphalt stiffened the asphalt to reduce the total viscoelastic response of asphalt mixtures, whereas the polymer modifier increased the elastic component to reduce the viscous component of the asphalt. It is recommended that the percentage of pure rock asphalt (PRA) be no more than 15 % on a weight base of the blend. The BRA content should not be more than 30 % by weight of the RMAC.
The Deterioration of Cement Mortar under the Coupled Conditions of Stray Current and Sulfate
Authors: Li Gaonian , Wang Baomin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Subway engineering often suffers varieties of corroding environments. This article investigated the effects of stray current and external sulfate coupled conditions on the deterioration of cement mortar. The cement mortar specimens suffered from one-dimensional sulfate attack. Simultaneously, a direct current electric field was applied to both ends of the specimen to simulate stray current. By contrast, a group of mortar specimens was immersed in the same concentration of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution. In order to investigate the effect of stray current on the sulfate attack of cement mortar, the compressive strength of specimens was tested. In addition, the sulfate ions profile in the cement mortar specimen was tested. Corrosion products and the microstructure of specimens were investigated using x-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. Experimental results showed that stray current could exacerbate strength degradation and accelerate the sulfate ions’ migration into the cement mortar, which led to the number of total sulfate ions and free sulfate ions at the same depth being higher than that of the immersion group, and quantities of corrosion products (gypsum and ettringite) were also higher than those of the immersion group. In a word, the stray current aggravated the sulfate attack of cement mortar. Therefore, the durability of cement mortar exposed to the stray current and sulfate coupled conditions should be given more attention.
Investigation through Artificial Neural Networks on the Influence of Shot Peening on the Hardness of ASTM TX304HB Stainless Steel
Authors: Ferreño Diego , González Ruth , Carrascal Isidro A. , Cuartas Miguel , García Diego , Eraña Rubén , Gutiérrez-Solana Federico , Arroyo Valentín 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The present research is aimed at obtaining and experimentally validating an artificial neural network to predict the hardness of TX304HB steel tubes subjected to shot peening. The experimental scope consisted of 228 tubes. Seven variables were considered as input parameters: rotation speed, line speed, material flow, air pressure, the size of the nozzle, and the internal diameter of the tubes; the experimental data demonstrated the need for considering the material bulk hardness as an input variable. One specimen from each tube was taken and subjected to Vickers microhardness tests at a depth of 40 μm from the interior circumference as well as a depth beyond the influence of the shot peening (bulk condition). The hardness was proven to follow Gaussian distribution. Therefore, a neural network was designed and tuned to provide the mean and standard deviation of the hardness for each of the combinations of input variables. The neural networks designed in this way were able to faithfully reproduce the experimental results. Several statistical parameters were determined to measure the goodness of the fitting. Thus, the correlation between experimental and predicted numerical values of mean hardness yields R2 = 0.7651 and a mean absolute percentage error of 1.547 % for the training data set and 0.7402 and 2.054 % for the test data set. The corresponding values for the prediction of the standard deviation are R2 = 0.4713 and 17.946 % for the training set and R2 = 0.6847 and 17.071 % for the test set.
In Situ Green Synthesis and Functionalization of Reduced Graphene Oxide on Cellulose Fibers by Cannabis sativa L. Extract
Authors: Agarwal Charu , Singh M. N. , Sharma R. K. , Sagdeo Archna , Csóka Levente 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The last decade has seen an enormous rise in the use of green reducing agents, such as plant extracts, for the chemical synthesis of several materials in view of the limitations of conventional reducing agents, such as their toxicity and instability. This study reports the green reduction and simultaneous functionalization of graphene oxide on cellulose fibers using the aqueous extract from the inflorescences of Cannabis sativa L. The graphene oxide, synthesized using the modified Hummer’s method, was reduced in situ on the cellulose matrix in the presence of the extract at elevated temperatures without external stabilizers in order to functionalize the fibers with reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The cellulose fibers not only acted as a flexible, biodegradable, and cost-effective matrix for the anchorage of RGO but also supported in situ reduction on the fiber surface. Different weight fractions of RGO, from 0.1 to 10 wt %, were used to fabricate RGO/cellulose composites by paper-making technique, which were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The RGO sheets uniformly covered the surface of the cellulose fibers and dispersed well within the fiber matrix. The surface resistivity at 40 V decreased with increasing RGO content from 1.81 × 1011 Ω for 0.1 wt % RGO to 0.15 × 1011 Ω for 10 wt % RGO loading. The presence of air voids between the fibers hindered the physical contact between the RGO layers, thereby preventing the formation of an effective conductive network and significantly affecting the performance of the composites. Likewise, the surface charging capacity of the composites at 40 V dropped from 1.21 × 10−3 ΔmAh for 0.1 wt % RGO to 0.05 × 10−3 ΔmAh for 10 wt % RGO content, indicating a rise in conductivity with RGO loading. These composites show immense potential as sustainable materials for portable energy storage devices, such as capacitors.
School Restroom and Locker Room Restrictions and Sexual Assault Risk Among Transgender Youth
Authors: Murchison Gabriel R. , Agénor Madina , Reisner Sari L. , Watson Ryan J. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
Transgender and gender nonbinary adolescents experience high rates of peer victimization, but the prevalence of sexual assault in this population has not been established. Some schools restrict transgender and nonbinary students from using restrooms and locker rooms that match their gender identity, with unknown effects on sexual assault risk. We tested whether these restrictions were associated with the 12-month prevalence of sexual assault victimization.

METHODS:
Survey responses were analyzed from 3673 transgender and nonbinary US adolescents in grades 7 through 12 who participated in the cross-sectional 2017 LGBTQ Teen Study. We estimated the association between school restroom and locker room restrictions and sexual assault, adjusting for potential social and behavioral confounders, using logistic regression. We also tested potential mediators.

RESULTS:
The 12-month prevalence of sexual assault was 26.5% among transgender boys, 27.0% among nonbinary youth assigned female at birth, 18.5% among transgender girls, and 17.6% among nonbinary youth assigned male at birth. Youth whose restroom and locker room use was restricted were more likely to experience sexual assault compared with those without restrictions, with risk ratios of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.52) in transgender boys, 1.42 (95% CI: 1.10–1.78) in nonbinary youth assigned female at birth, and 2.49 (95% CI: 1.11–4.28) in transgender girls. Restrictions were not associated with sexual assault among nonbinary youth assigned male at birth.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pediatricians should be aware that sexual assault is highly prevalent in transgender and nonbinary youth and that restrictive school restroom and locker room policies may be associated with risk.
Плодоношення та природне поновлення Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz під наметом дубових насаджень у Південно-Подільському Лісостепу України
Authors: Shpak N. P. 
Published: May 2019

Розглянуто вплив природних чинників на процеси плодоношення та природного поновлення Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz (береки лікарської) в дубово-грабових насадженнях. Включення Sorbus torminalis до Червоної Книги України (2009) не є достатнім для збереження цього виду та його середовища існування. Це лише початковий етап програми зі збереження на території України рідкісних і зникаючих видів. Аналізуючи плодоношення та природне поновлення популяції Sorbus torminalis на території Національного природного парку "Кармелюкове Поділля" та прилеглих територій проходження південно-східної межі поширення виду, з'ясовано залежність плодоношення від сумарної дії комплексу чинників: еколого-біологічних і біометричних. Серед чинників, які впливають на динаміку поновлення береки лікарської у свіжих дібровах, найголовніше значення мають: кліматичні умови, видовий склад деревостану і підросту, повнота, густота, біологія цвітіння (кількість генеративних органів), рясність плодоношення, розміри та маса плодів, особливості проростання насіння, зоогенні чинники. Посушливі 2015–2017 рр. сприяли ранньому дозріванню плодів і швидкому опаданню. Плоди дрібні переважно з однією насіниною. У 2018 р., з вологим і теплим літом, зафіксовано високу врожайність береки лікарської з великими, соковитими плодами із двома-трьома дозрілими насінинами. Встановлено, що в дубово-ясеневих насадженнях плоди найдрібніші, рясність плодоношення низька; у дубово-грабових насадженнях – рясність середня, але у дерев, які ростуть на узліссі – рясність висока. Оцінено вагомість абіотичних чинників, які впливають на проростання насіння, розвиток самосіву та підросту головних і супутніх деревних порід. За результатами польових досліджень встановлено, що молоде покоління Sorbus torminalis у дубово-грабових насадженнях поновлюється з насіння, що є своєрідним тестом оцінки життєвості виду. Територія є цінним лісовим масивом південно-східної частини Поділля. У його межах збереглися унікальні природні комплекси, тому поновлення рідкісних рослин відповідає вимогам, що ставляться до створення заказників загальнодержавного значення.
Моніторинг стану трансформації та збереження біорізноманіття екосистем в умовах природного заповідника "Розточчя"
Authors: Strymets H. V. , Gorban L. I. , Khomyn I. G. , Ferents N. M. 
Published: May 2019

Оцінено вплив заповідного режиму на стан збереження та трансформації біорізноманіття екосистем природного заповідника "Розточчя" в часовому зрізі 33 років. Встановлено, що видовий склад лісових фітоценозів залишається стабільним, відбулося заростання зрубів, де проводили суцільні рубки до утворення заповідника. З огляду на те, зникли ягідники, які приваблювали певні види птахів та інших тварин, процеси сильватизації поширилися на лучні ділянки в околицях с. Лелехівка, ур. Заливки. Відзначено, що у заповіднику близько 33 % займають ліси віком старше 100 років, тому помітне поступове відмирання старих дерев, з'явилися прогалини у старовікових лісах та багато мертвої деревини, яка є обов'язковим елементом заповідних екосистем. В утворених "вікнах" відбувається інтенсивне природне відновлення клена гостролистого, явора, граба звичайного, бука лісового, дуба звичайного, залежно від типу умов місцезростань. Тривалі моніторингові дослідження показали, що в умовах заповідника найстабільнішими екосистемами є букові ліси, які здатні до самовідтворення, найпродуктивнішими та з більшим видовим різноманіттям – сосново-дубово-букові ліси. Найбільшої трансформації за останні десятиріччя зазнало урочище "Заливки" – лучно-болотний масив, у заплаві річки Верещиці та її лівої притоки Ставчанки. Відзначено позитивний вплив заповідання на видовий склад фауни та населення тварин.