bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Hydrides of B, C, N, O and F
Authors: Bucknum Michael , Castro Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper reports a productive discussion of bonding principles in the non-metallic 2nd row hydrides. It suggests the inversion of a bonding character, potentially from hydrides of B & C, which may display unsaturation and electronic deficiency accompanied by electronic delocalization in 1D or 2D or 3D. Contrasted with the opposite possibility, within the finite number of hydrides of N, O and F, that display apparently extensive H-bonding and subsequently proton delocalization in 1D and 2D (in HF & ice polymorphs, respectively), and now potentially in 3D in a corresponding hydride of N called Rice's blue material, or perhaps polyimidogen. Where polyimidogen is a crystalline NH lattice that is a polymorph of the ammonium azide structure-type thus.
A few remarks on the relationship between visuo-spatial attention deficits and dyslexia
Authors: Skoyles John , Skottun Bernt 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDyslexia and attentional problems are often comorbid. This raises the question whether reading deficits might etiologically follow from attentional difficulties, a hypothesis that has been proposed in regard to visuo-spatial attention deficits. This visuo-spatial attention deficit hypothesis would predict that attention deficits should be specific to dyslexia. However, it is here estimated that at the population level there are more non-dyslexic individuals than dyslexic individuals with visuo-spatial attention deficits. The reason for this is that in the overall population level there are far more individuals without dyslexia than with dyslexia. Thus, a relatively modest percentage presence of attention problems in the non-dyslexic population can result in a greater absolute number of on-dyslexic individuals with such problems. It is concluded that attention problems are unlikely to be specific to dyslexia.
Genetic variability among Coleus sp studied by RAPD banding pattern analysis
Authors: Govarthanan Muthusamy , S Arunapriya , A Guruchandar , T Selvankumar , N Gnanasekaran , Koildhasan Manoharan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenetic improvement of the medicinal plants depends upon the existence, nature and extent of the genetic variability available for manipulation. Genetic analysis with RAPD markers has been extensively used to determine genetic diversity among Coleus sp and to identify the best quality for human consumption for its medicinal purpose. The objectives of the present study were to assess molecular variation among C.amboinicus, C.aromaticus and C.forskohlii. and to determine the level of genetic similarity among them. We performed random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis on three strains of Coleus sp. Random primers were used for the PCR. Electrophoresis on denaturing acrylamide gels improved RAPD reproducibility and increased the band number. The primer OPW 6 and OPW 7 gave reproducible results and the band profiles.
Impact of ocean stratification on submarine melting of a major Greenland outlet glacier
Authors: Straneo Fiammetta , Curry Ruth , Sutherland David , Hamilton Gordon , Cenedese Claudia , Vaage Kjetil , Stearns Leigh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSubmarine melting is an important balance term for tidewater glaciers1,2 and recent observations point to a change in the submarine melt rate as a potential trigger for the widespread acceleration of outlet glaciers in Greenland3-5. Our understanding of the dynamics involved, and hence our ability to interpret past and predict future variability of the Greenland Ice Sheet, however, is severely impeded by the lack of measurements at the ice/ocean interface. To fill this gap, attempts to quantify the submarine melt rate and its variability have relied on a paradigm developed for tidewater glaciers terminating in fjords with shallow sills. In this case, the fjords’ waters are mostly homogeneous and the heat transport to the terminus, and hence the melt rate, is controlled by a single overturning cell in which glacially modified water upwells at the ice edge, driving an inflow at depth and a fresh outflow at the surface1. Greenland’s fjords, however, have deep sills which allow both cold, fresh Arctic and warm, salty Atlantic waters, circulating around Greenland, to reach the ice sheet margin3,6,7. Thus, Greenland’s glaciers flow into strongly stratified fjords and the generic tidewater glacier paradigm is not applicable. Here, using new summer data collected at the margins of Helheim Glacier, East Greenland, we show that melting is driven by both Atlantic and Arctic waters and that the circulation at the ice edge is organized in multiple, overturning cells that arise from their different properties. Multiple cells with different characteristics are also observed in winter, when glacial run off is at a minimum and there is little surface outflow. These results indicate that stratification in the fjord waters has a profound impact on the melting dynamics and suggest that the shape and stability of Greenland’s glaciers are strongly influenced by layering and variability in the Arctic and Atlantic waters.
Reassessing the Lineage Fusion Hypothesis for the Origin of Double Membrane Bacteria
Authors: Swithers Kristen , Fournier Gregory , Gogarten J. Peter , Lapierre Pascal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn 2009, James Lake introduced a new hypothesis in which reticulate phylogeny reconstruction is used to elucidate the origin of Gram-negative bacteria. The presented data supported the Gram-negative bacteria originating from an ancient endosymbiosis between the Actinobacteria and Clostridia. His conclusion was based on a presence-absence analysis of protein families that divided all prokaryotes into five groups: Actinobacteria, Double Membrane bacteria (DM), Clostridia, Archaea and Bacilli. Of these five groups, the DM are by far the largest and most diverse group compared to the other groupings. While the fusion hypothesis for the origin of double membrane bacteria is enticing, we show that the signal supporting an ancient symbiosis is lost when the DM group is broken down into smaller subgroups. We conclude that the signal detected in James Lake’s analysis in part results from a systematic artifact due to group size and diversity combined with low levels of horizontal gene transfer.
Pathogenesis of AD is similar to that of uremic encephalopathy of Homocysteic acid.
Authors: Hasegawa Tohru , Ichiba Masayoshi , Tabira Takeshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHomocysteic acid (HA) has been established as a pathogen in Alzheimer&apos;s disease (AD) in 3xTg-AD model mice. However, it is not established whether HA is involved in the AD pathogenesis in humans. We investigated the relationship between urinary HA levels and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in patients with AD (n = 110, normal =22, AD=88) and found a positive, statistically significant relationship between the two variables (r = 0.39, p =0.00003, n = 110). This relationship was stronger in females. (r = 0.47, p = 0.00008, n = 65 in females; r = 0.39, p = 0.02, n =45 in males). The difference in the urinary HA level between normal and AD females was statistically significant (normal:18.4 + 10.6vsAD: 9.1 + 7.2 mM,p&lt;0.01), but this difference in males was not statistically significant. (normal:12.7 + 6 vs AD8.8 + 7.8). Smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus decreased urinary HA excretion. On the basis of these results, we showed that HA is usually excreted into urine in humans and did not affect brain function in normal individuals. However, when urinary HA excretion was decreased, HA was shown to damage brain function, particularly cognitive ability. To confirm our hypothesis, that is, when urinary HA is suppressed to be excreted into urine, the blood HA level will increase, we examined the relationship between the urinary HA level and blood HA level in 19 patients. The result was shown that the negative statistically significant relationship between them was observed (r=-0.6, p=0.007, n=19). From this result, the uremic encephalopathy of HA toxicity was confirmed. However there remains the question of how the blood HA affected the brain's cognitive function. The direct effect of green tea leaves ingestion on HA level and MMSE score were also observed. Ingested green tea leaves decreased HA level in blood and concomitantly increased MMSE score, suggesting that blood HA could affect cognitive function. But How? Some papers showed that exogenous NMDA including HA disrupted the blood brain barrier and entered into the brain and affected the cognitive function to decrease MMSE score. These results indicate that human AD pathogenesis is influenced by HA, and that HA is a human pathogen in AD, indicating that the pathogenesis of AD is similar to that of uremic encephalopathy. Also, urinary HA can be used as a biomarker for Alzheimer&apos;s disease.
SARS-CoV Regulates Immune Function-Related Gene Expressions in Human Monocytic Cells
Authors: Hu Wan-Jiung , Yen Yu-Ting , Singh Sher , Kao Chuan-Liang , Wu-Hsieh Betty A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is characterized by acute respiratory distress (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis, and the monocyte/macrophage is the key player in the pathogenesis of SARS.

Methods:
In this study, we compared the transcriptional profiles of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infected monocytic cells against that infected by coronavirus 229E (CoV-229E). Total RNA was extracted from infected DC-SIGN transfected monocytes (THP-1-DC-SIGN) at 6 and 24 h after infection and the gene expression was profiled by oligonucleotide-based microarray.

Results:
Analysis of immune-related gene expression profiles showed that 24 h after SARS-CoV infection, (i) IFN-alpha/beta-inducible and cathepsin/proteosome genes were down-regulated; (ii) the hypoxia/hyperoxia-related genes were up-regulated; and (iii) the TLR/TLR-signaling, cytokine/cytokine receptor-related, chemokine/chemokine receptor-related, the lysosome-related, MHC/chaperon-related, and fibrosis-related genes were differentially regulated.

Conclusion:
These results elucidate that monocyte/macrophage dysfunction and dysregulation of fibrosis-related genes are two important pathogenic events of SARS.
Collective Animal Behavior from Bayesian Estimation and Probability Matching
Authors: Perez-Escudero Alfonso , de Polavieja Gonzalo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnimals living in groups make movement decisions that depend, among other factors, on social interactions with other group members. Our present understanding of social rules in animal collectives is based on empirical fits to observations and we lack first-principles approaches that allow their derivation. Here we show that patterns of collective decisions can be derived from the basic ability of animals to make probabilistic estimations in the presence of uncertainty. We build a decision-making model with two stages: Bayesian estimation and probabilistic matching.In the first stage, each animal makes a Bayesian estimation of which behavior is best to perform taking into account personal information about the environment and social information collected by observing the behaviors of other animals. In the probability matching stage, each animal chooses a behavior with a probability given by the Bayesian estimation that this behavior is the most appropriate one. This model derives very simple rules of interaction in animal collectives that depend only on two types of reliability parameters, one that each animal assigns to the other animals and another given by the quality of the non-social information. We test our model by obtaining theoretically a rich set of observed collective patterns of decisions in three-spined sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, a shoaling fish species. The quantitative link shown between probabilistic estimation and collective rules of behavior allows a better contact with other fields such as foraging, mate selection, neurobiology and psychology, and gives predictions for experiments directly testing the relationship between estimation and collective behavior.
Shaping neurons: how morphological constraints affect axonal polarity
Authors: Villard Catherine , Andrieux Annie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeuronal differentiation is under the tight control of biochemical and physical information arising from micro-environment. Here, through a panel of poly-L-lysine micropatterns, we wished to assay how external geometrical constraints of neurons may modulate axonal polarization. Constraints applied to either the cell body or to the neurite directions revealed the existence of a differential mechanical tension between the nascent axon and other neurites. Also, we show that centrosome location is not predictive of axonal polarization but responds to the force exerted by the nascent axon. Using curved trajectories for neurite growth inhibited axonal differentiation and prevented formation of multiple axons normally induced by cytochalasin or taxol treatments. Finally we provide evidence that microtubules act as curvature sensors during neuronal differentiation. Thus, biomechanics coupled to physical constraints might be the first level of regulation during neuronal development, primary to biochemical and guidance regulations.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Studies of Traditional Medicine
Authors: Perumal Samy Ramar , Ignacimuthu S. , TK Chow Vincent 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSynthetic drugs, which are having serious side effects, are cytotoxic to human beings. Moreover, bacteria slowly become resistant against antibiotics. In order to overcome these problems, scientists are continuing to search for antibacterial and novel principles from plants. Zanthoxylum limonella has been popularly used in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of dental caries, cardiac, respiratory diseases and stomach problems. The present study was therefore focused on finding out the medicinal properties of the bark of Z. limonella tested against some selected bacteria using disc-diffusion method at the concentration of 100, 200 and 300 mg/ml. The methanol and water extracts of the bark exhibited effective antibacterial activity against S. aureus at a concentration of 300 mg/ml compared to the other extracts. Phytochemcial screening results also support the present findings and proved the traditional usage of this plant by tribal healers in the Kolli hills of Tamil Nadu.
Novel associations for hypothyroidism include known autoimmune risk loci
Authors: Do Chuong , Eriksson Nicholas , Tung Joyce , Kiefer Amy , Hinds David , Francke Uta , Mountain Joanna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder, affecting about 5% of the general population. Here we present the first large genome-wide association study of hypothyroidism, in 2,564 cases and 24,448 controls from the customer base of 23andMe, Inc., a personal genetics company. We identify four genome-wide significant associations, two of which are well known to be involved with a large spectrum of autoimmune diseases: rs6679677 near PTPN22 and rs3184504 in SH2B3 (p-values 3.5e-13 and 3.0e-11, respectively). We also report associations with rs4915077 near VAV3 (p-value 8.3e-11), another gene involved in immune function, and rs965513 near FOXE1 (p-value 3.1e-14). Of these, the association with PTPN22 confirms a recent small candidate gene study, and FOXE1 was previously known to be associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Although SH2B3 has been previously linked with a number of autoimmune diseases, this is the first report of its association with thyroid disease. The VAV3 association is novel. These results suggest heterogeneity in the genetic etiology of hypothyroidism, implicating genes involved in both autoimmune disorders and thyroid function. Using a genetic risk profile score based on the top association from each of the four genome-wide significant regions in our study, the relative risk between the highest and lowest deciles of genetic risk is 2.1.
Environmental Pursuits In Nanomaterial Systems Science With Indian Exemplars
Authors: Sen Ranen , Seth Dipankar , Roy Indrani , Dasgupta Debmalya , Goswami Arunava 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe behavior and pattern of NPs of minerals in the evolutionary history of the earth vis – a –vis the environmental context are inquired into, with a riverine system as a model. The study of fractal dimensions of NPs of interest serves as an aid to obtain a comprehensive view of natural NPs in the model system. The present study combines inputs from work done on nanoparticles, derived from the Subanarekha River System and products of base metal mine effluents that are rich in NPs of minerals. The authors believe this study would help to establish certain universalities about NPs and provide an updated framework for understanding the current state of nanomineral science.
bioDBcore: overview of the checklist and steps towards implementation
Authors: Gaudet Pascale , Rocca-Serra Philippe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMembers of the International Society for Biocuration (ISB, biocurator.org) and the BioSharing (biosharing.org) initiative work together to develop and implement BioDBcore (biodbcore.org), a community-defined, uniform system for describing the core attributes of biological databases, in particular, indicating in a consistent manner which community-defined standards (minimal information checklists, terminologies and exchange formats) they implement. The BioSharing catalogue offers this “one-stop shop” for those seeking information about the standards and data sharing policies.This presentation illustrates the rational for BioDBcore(P Gaudet) and the progresses for its implementation (P Rocca-Serra), in particular, (i) how the core attributes and the BioSharing catalogues can be used in combination, and (ii) the work towards the exchange of the descriptors.
Parkinson’s disease is a TH17 dominant autoimmune disorder against accumulated alpha-synuclein
Authors: Hu Wanchung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a very common neurodegenerative disorder. Patients usually undergo destruction of substantia nigra to develop typical symptoms such as resting tremor, hypokinesia, and rigidity. However, the exact mechanism of Parkinson’s disease is still unknown, so it is called idiopathic Parkinsonism. According to my microarray analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes and substantia nigra brain tissue, I propose that Parkinson’s disease is actually a TH17 dominant autoimmune disease. The autoantigen is mainly alpha-synuclein. After knowing the exact disease pathophysiology, we can develop better drugs to prevent or control the detrimental disorder.
NIR Spectroscopy and Microspectroscopy Analysis of Intact Soybean Seeds for Food Applications through Composition Improvements. Version 2.0
Authors: You Tiefeng , Baianu I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe soybean-derived products are among the most important agricultural products in the USA and the world. Conventional analytical methods for soybean composition analysis are both time consuming and costly. Faster and less expensive methods are required for most practical applications. To improve the accuracy, reliability and sensitivity of NIR, major advancements in instrumentation, as well as, data analysis / calibration methodology are required. Novel NIR instruments, such as DA-NIR and FT-NIR spectrometers developed in recent years have the potential for improving significantly the quantification of soybean composition at a reasonable cost. We present representative calibrations and data for intact soybean composition analysis obtained at the University of Illinois at Urbana with cutting-edge NIR instrumentation that is currently commercially available.
Reduction of circulating histone toxicity is a major function of C-reactive protein after extensive tissue damage
Authors: Toh Cheng-Hock , Baluwa Florence , Zhang Nan , Manson Joanna , Dar Caroline , Wang Susan Siyu , Liu Tingting , Abrams Simon , Brohi Karim , Kipar Anja , Yu Weiping , Thachil Jecko , Alhamdi Yasir , Wang guozheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractC-reactive protein (CRP) is a major acute phase protein. Although known to interact with chromatin, nucleosomes and histones, its functional roles are not clearly understood. Using both in vitro and in vivo models and samples from patients, this study demonstrates for the first time that CRP plays important roles in reducing the toxic effects of histones released into the circulation after extensive cell death. CRP protects endothelial cells by preventing histone integration into the cell membrane and thus reducing Ca2+ influx. In vivo, circulating histones cause endothelial damage, increased microvascular permeability, coagulation activation and IL-6 secretion. The latter induces CRP production in hepatocytes to form a negative feedback loop, a possible evolutionally conserved mechanism to limit secondary damage after extensive tissue injury. However, CRP responses lagged behind the histone surge following severe trauma. This indicates a time window for histone toxicity and also for potential clinical interventions using anti-histone therapy.
Development of Novel Calibrations for FT-NIR Analysis of Protein, Oil, Carbohydrates and Isoflavones in Foods
Authors: Baianu I , Guo Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe development of calibration methodology for novel FT-NIRS analysis of soybean-based foods is presented together with high-precision NIRS spectra and composition measurements in terms of proteins, oil and carbohydrates in soybean-based foods/soy foods.
Investigating prostate cancer tumour-stroma interactions - clinical and biological insights from an evolutionary game
Authors: Basanta David , Scott Jacob , Fishman Mayer , Ayala Gustavo , Hayward Simon , Anderson Alexander 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background:
Tumours are made up of a mixed population of different types of cells that include normal structures as well as ones associated with the malignancy, and there are multiple interactions between the malignant cells and the local microenvironment. These intercellular interactions, modulated by the microenvironment, effect tumour progression and represent a largely under appreciated therapeutic target. We use observations of primary tumor biology from prostate cancer to extrapolate a mathematical model: specifically; it has been observed that in prostate cancer three disparate cellular outcomes predominate: (i) the tumour remains well differentiated and clinically indolent - in this case the local stromal cells may act to restrain the growth of the cancer; (ii) early in its genesis the tumour acquires a highly malignant phenotype, growing rapidly and displacing the original stromal population (often referred to as small cell prostate cancer) - these less common aggressive tumours are relatively independent of the local microenvironment; and, (iii) the tumour co-opts the local stroma - taking on a classic stromagenic phenotype where interactions with the local microenvironment are critical to the cancer growth. METHODS: We present an evolutionary game theoretical construct that models the influence of tumour-stroma interactions in driving these outcomes. We consider three characteristic and distinct cellular populations: stromal cells, tumour cells that are self-reliant in terms of microenvironmental factors and tumour cells that depend on the environment for resources but can also co-opt stroma.

RESULTS:
Using evolutionary game theory we explore a number of different scenarios that elucidate the impact of tumour-stromal interactions on the dynamics of prostate cancer growth and progression and how different treatments in the metastatic setting can affect different types of tumors.

CONCLUSIONS:
The tumour microenvironment plays a crucial role selecting the traits of the tumour cells that will determine prostate cancer progression. Equally important, treatments like hormone therapy affect the selection of these cancer phenotypes making it very important to understand how they impact prostate cancer’s somatic evolution.