bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of anisotropic properties of striae distensae with regard to skin surface texture and viscoelasticity
Authors: Kim Min Ah , Jung Yu Chul , Kim Eun Joo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundStriae distensae (SD) are skin lesions of parallel streaks, which mostly occur during rapid tissue expansion. Considering the etiological mechanism of SD, including dermal network ruptures and alignment to mechanical stretch, structural directionality or anisotropy could be expected. Non‐invasive objective methods for measuring the anisotropy of SD have not been suggested yet. Therefore, we evaluated the anisotropic properties of SD with regard to skin surface texture and viscoelasticity, to verify them as new objective evaluation parameters of SD.MethodsThirty‐two healthy subjects with SD on their body participated. Anisotropy of skin surface texture and biomechanical properties of SD‐involved skin and adjacent normal skin was assessed and compared.ResultsAnalysis of skin surface texture, based on the ×60 magnified images, revealed that SD have more disordered patterns compared to the regular honeycomb patterns seen in the normal surrounding skin. SD have bigger sizes of each blob than normal skin. The overall anisotropy of skin texture was significantly higher in SD. Skin biomechanical parameters, measured using Cutiscan®, indicated the less deformable, less recovered, and less viscoelastic properties of SD. When comparing viscoelastic properties over 360°, SD were more anisotropic than the adjacent normal skin as well.ConclusionWe observed that SD were significantly more anisotropic than adjacent normal skin with regard to skin surface texture and viscoelasticity. Therefore, anisotropy could be an objective evaluation parameter to represent the distinctive features of SD. It can be applied for evaluation of the SD severity and clinical efficacy of various treatments.
Electric‐field penetration depth and dielectric spectroscopy observations of human skin
Authors: Maruyama Yuko , Kamata Hayato , Watanabe Seiei , Kita Rio , Shinyashiki Naoki , Yagihara Shin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe dynamic behavior of water molecules remains an important subject for understanding human skin. The change in the dynamics of water molecules from those in bulk water can be effectively observed by dielectric spectroscopy. To study water in the human skin in vivo, non‐invasive and non‐destructive measurements are essential. Since many unknowns remain from previous research, in this report we employ a two‐layer dielectric model to evaluate the penetration depth of the electric field and use the results in measurements on human skin.Materials and MethodsWe used open‐ended coaxial probes with different diameters to perform time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements for an acetone‐Teflon double‐layer model and for human skin from various parts of the body.ResultsThe electric‐field penetration depth obtained from model measurements increases with the increasing outer diameter of open‐ended coaxial electrodes. For skin measurements, the relaxation strength corresponding to the water content shows a clear dependence on the epidermal thickness of the measured body parts.ConclusionWe determined the depth distribution of the water content of skin from results of dielectric measurements obtained using electrodes with various electric‐field penetration depths. We found exponential decays with the thickness of the epidermis of each body part for several examinees. This study suggests an effective method for detailed evaluations of human skin.
Mapping a geothermal anomaly using apatite (U‐Th)/He thermochronology in the Têt fault damage zone, eastern Pyrenees, France
Authors: Milesi Gaétan , Soliva Roger , Monié Patrick , Münch Philippe , Bellanger Mathieu , Bruguier Olivier , Bonno Michael , Taillefer Audrey , Mayolle Sylvain 
Published: September 2019

Abstract(U‐Th)/He ages on apatite obtained in the vicinity of the Têt fault hydrothermal system show a large variability. In the inner damage zone adjacent to the fault core, where fluid flows are concentrated, AHe ages display a large scatter (3–41 Ma) and apatite ageing. Samples from the outer damage zone show young ages with less dispersion (0.9–21.1 Ma) and apatite rejuvenation. Outside the damage zone, ages are consistent with the regional exhumation history between 20 and 12 Ma. The important age dispersion found in the damage zone is interpreted as the result of 4He mobility during fluid infiltration. Our results show that thermochronological data close to a fault should be interpreted with caution, but may offer a new tool for geothermal exploration.
Pig endothelial protein C receptor is functionally compatible with the human protein C pathway
Authors: Salvaris Evelyn J. , Moran Christopher J. , Roussel Jean Christian , Fisicaro Nella , Robson Simon C. , Cowan Peter J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundEndothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an anticoagulant and anti‐inflammatory role by promoting the activation of protein C by thrombin bound to thrombomodulin (TBM). Incompatibility between pig TBM and human/primate thrombin is thought to contribute to dysregulated coagulation in pig‐to‐primate organ xenografts, and expression of human TBM (hTBM) in pigs has shown benefit in preclinical models. However, it is not known whether there are incompatibilities—or molecular barriers—between endogenous pig EPCR (pEPCR) and transgenically expressed human TBM.AimTo clone and express pEPCR, and determine its function in the human protein C pathway in vitro.MethodsPig endothelial protein C receptor cDNA was generated from pig lung RNA by RT‐PCR. Primate COS‐7 transfectants expressing various combinations of human and pig TBM and EPCR were incubated with human thrombin and human protein C, and tested for TBM cofactor activity.ResultsThe predicted protein sequence of pEPCR shared 72.3% amino acid sequence identity with hEPCR, and residues critical for protein C binding were conserved. COS‐7 cells transfected with hEPCR, pEPCR or vector showed minimal TBM cofactor activity (0.13 ± 0.04, 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.06 U, respectively). The cofactor activity of hTBM‐transfected cells (1.18 ± 0.29 U) was 8‐fold higher than vector‐transfected cells (P = .004) and further increased 4‐fold and 3‐fold by co‐transfection with hEPCR (5.01 ± 1.12 U, P = .004) or pEPCR (3.73 ± 0.65 U, P = .003), respectively.ConclusionsOur data show that pEPCR is largely compatible with the human TBM/thrombin complex, when expressed on COS‐7 cells in vitro, promoting the activation of human protein C. These findings suggest that endogenous pEPCR will enhance the activity of transgenic hTBM in the xenograft setting.
Aerodynamic Loading Induced by Muzzle Flows on Small Caliber Spin Stabilized Projectiles
Authors: Chen Chuanlin , Xu Hui , Huang Chenlei , Li Zhongxin , Wu Zhilin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, we examined the aerodynamic loading on a small caliber rifle (spin stabilized) projectile moving in a muzzle flow field using an element method to analyze the loading and the effect of the angle of attack (for small angles from 0 to 3 deg) on the different components. The temporal pressure distribution on the projectile, which forms the basis of the element method, was computed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis combined with a classical interior ballistics model. Then, a high-speed optical experiment was conducted to verify the results of the CFD method and ensure the accuracy of the calculations. The results were as follows: (a) similar to a large caliber projectile, the total axial force, which consisted primarily of the axial forces on the base and boattail, was found to have an inverse exponential relationship with time; (b) the overall lift was a combination of the lift of the base, boattail, cylinder, and nose; and (c) the interaction between the pitch moment of the base and that of the boattail was found to be the primary contributing factor to the total pitch moment. Based on these results, we recommend that the characteristics of the base and boattail be considered when specifying the geometric configuration of a projectile.
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of a Novel Multistage Twin-Screw Pump
Authors: Liu P. , Morrison G. , Patil A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The performance of a multistage electrical submersible twin-screw pump (ESTSP) was evaluated under different operating conditions. The effect of working fluid, differential pressure, gas volumetric fraction (GVF), and pump rotating speed on the behavior of the ESTSP has been studied. Mineral oil and water were selected as test liquids. The pump was tested with a maximum differential pressure of 1000 psig. The GVF varies from 0% to 85%. The flow rate capacity and the volumetric efficiency were investigated in this research. An existing model to predict leakage flow of the single stage twin-screw pump is improved by extending the application for the multistage pumps. The model shows good agreement with experimental data under various operating conditions.
Taking Stock of Youth Sport Group Dynamics Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Petersen Brennan , Eys Mark , Watson Kody , Evans M. Blair 
Published: September 2019

Given the prevalence of group contexts in sport and the importance of the social environment for motivating youth participants, understanding and enhancing group dynamics are critical to facilitate youths’ participation in, and development through, sport. The current objective was to report on a scoping review that was employed to summarize research focused on the dynamics in youth sport groups. The review identified several themes that have been focused on with regularity (i.e., cohesion) and identified others with opportunities for greater incorporation in youth sport research (e.g., cooperation). Furthermore, encouragement is provided to move beyond survey-based, cross-sectional research and to give greater consideration to a developmental approach to understanding child and youth perceptions of the groups to which they belong. Overall, there are many opportunities for researchers to study the dynamics of youth sport groups with an aim to enhance the experiences of young athletes and facilitate group functioning.
Migrant families with children in Montreal, Canada and transnational family support: a protocol for a focused ethnography
Authors: Merry Lisa , Hanley Jill , Ruiz-Casares Monica , Archambault Isabelle , Mogere Dominic 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThere is a gap in research regarding transnational family support (emotional, practical, spiritual, informational and financial) as a resource for migrant families with children. From the perspective of migrant families and their family back home, the objectives of this study are to (1) identify the types and ways that transnational family support is provided to migrant families in Canada; (2) assess for patterns in the data that may suggest variations in the nature of this support (eg, by migration status, time in Canada, children’s ages, family circumstances) and over time and (3) explore the impact (positive and negative) in receiving and providing transnational support, respectively.Methods and analysisA focused ethnography is planned. We will recruit 25–35 migrant families with children with different migration histories (eg, economic or forced migration from a mix of countries) and family circumstances (eg, single parenthood, families living with extended family, families with children in the home country) living in Montreal, Canada. Families will be recruited through community organisations. Data will be gathered via semistructured interviews. To capture the perspective of those providing support, family members in the home country for each migrant family will also be recruited and interviewed through communication technology (eg, WhatsApp). Data collection will also involve observation of ‘transnational interactions’ between family members in Montreal and those back home. Data will be thematically analysed and results reported in a narrative form with an in-depth description of each theme.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the sciences and health research ethics committee at the University of Montreal. Study results will be shared through traditional forums (publication, conference presentations) and via other knowledge dissemination/exchange activities (eg, ‘lunch and learn conferences’ and seminars) through the research team’s research centres and networks to reach front-line care-providers who interface directly with migrant families.
AAC LeRoy Canada Western Red Spring wheat
Authors: Kumar S. , Fox S.L. , Mitchell Fetch J. , Green D. , Fetch T. , McCallum B. , Aboukhaddour R. , Henriquez M.A. 
Published: September 2019

AAC LeRoy (BW1049) is a hollow stemmed, awned, high-yielding Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat suited to the growing conditions in western Canada. AAC LeRoy was 10% higher yielding than Unity, the highest yielding check in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative registration trials (2015–2017). Within the same test, AAC LeRoy was 13% higher yielding than Carberry, a popular CWRS wheat variety across the Canadian Prairies. AAC LeRoy matured 2 d earlier than Carberry and 1 d later than Unity, the earliest maturing check suited for eastern prairie growing conditions. AAC LeRoy was 6 cm shorter with better stem strength than Unity. The lodging score for AAC LeRoy was lower than the mean of the checks. The test weight of AAC LeRoy was similar to the mean of the checks. Over the 3 yr of testing (2015–2017), the 1000-kernel weight of AAC LeRoy was higher than all of the checks, with a grain protein content 0.6% units lower than Carberry. AAC LeRoy was rated as moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend.), and stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & E. Henn), including the Ug99 family of stem rusts. It also had a resistant reaction to loose smut [Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.] and an intermediately resistant reaction to common bunt [Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.]. AAC LeRoy was resistant to orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). AAC LeRoy was registered under the CWRS market class.
T-Cell Receptor Stimulation Enhances the Expansion and Function of CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Expressing T Cells
Authors: Lapteva Natalia , Gilbert Margaret , Diaconu Iulia , Rollins Lisa A. , Al-Sabbagh Mina , Naik Swati , Krance Robert A. , Tripic Tamara , Hiregange Manasa , Raghavan Darshana , Dakhova Olga , Rouce Rayne H. , Liu Hao , Omer Bilal , Savoldo Barbara , Dotti Gianpietro , Cruz Conrad Russel , Sharpe Keli , Gates Melissa , Orozco Aaron , Durett April , Pacheco Elizabeth , Gee Adrian P. , Ramos Carlos A. , Heslop Helen E. , Brenner Malcolm K. , Rooney Cliona M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Current protocols for CD19 chimeric antigen receptor–expressing T cells (CD19.CAR-T cells) require recipients to tolerate preinfusion cytoreductive chemotherapy, and the presence of sufficient target antigen on normal or malignant B cells.

Patients and Methods:
We investigated whether additional stimulation of CD19.CAR-T cells through their native receptors can substitute for cytoreductive chemotherapy, inducing expansion and functional persistence of CD19.CAR-T even in patients in remission of B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. We infused a low dose of CD19.CAR-modified virus-specific T cells (CD19.CAR-VST) without prior cytoreductive chemotherapy into 8 patients after allogeneic stem cell transplant.

Results:
Absent virus reactivation, we saw no CD19.CAR-VST expansion. In contrast, in patients with viral reactivation, up to 30,000-fold expansion of CD19.CAR-VSTs was observed, with depletion of CD19+ B cells. Five patients remain in remission at 42–60+ months.

Conclusions:
Dual T-cell receptor and CAR stimulation can thus potentiate effector cell expansion and CAR-target cell killing, even when infusing low numbers of effector cells without cytoreduction.
Randomized Phase II Trial and Tumor Mutational Spectrum Analysis from Cabozantinib versus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma (Alliance A091201)
Authors: Luke Jason J. , Olson Daniel J. , Allred Jacob B. , Strand Carrie A. , Bao Riyue , Zha Yuanyuan , Carll Timothy , Labadie Brian W. , Bastos Bruno R. , Butler Marcus O. , Hogg David , Munster Pamela N. , Schwartz Gary K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The surface receptor MET is highly expressed on primary uveal melanoma; MET inhibitors demonstrated early clinical signals of efficacy in slowing uveal melanoma growth. The primary objective of our study was to compare the progression-free survival rate at 4 months (PFS4) of patients with uveal melanoma treated with cabozantinib or chemotherapy.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with metastatic uveal melanoma and RECIST measurable disease were randomized 2:1 to receive either cabozantinib (arm 1) versus temozolomide or dacarbazine (arm 2) with restaging imaging every two cycles. Cross-over from arm 2 to cabozantinib after progression was allowed (arm 2X). Available tumor specimens were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and results were correlated with outcome.

Results:
Forty-six eligible patients were accrued with 31, 15, and 9 in arms 1, 2, and 2X, respectively. Median lines of prior therapy, including hepatic embolization, were two. Rates of PFS4 in arm 1 and arm 2 were 32.3% and 26.7% (P = 0.35), respectively, with median PFS time of 60 and 59 days (P = 0.964; HR = 0.99). Median overall survival (OS) was 6.4 months and 7.3 months (P = 0.580; HR = 1.21), respectively. Grade 3–4 Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were present in 61.3%, 46.7%, and 37.5% in arms 1, 2, and 2X, respectively. WES demonstrated a mean tumor mutational burden of 1.53 mutations/Mb and did not separate OS ≤ or &gt;1 year (P = 0.14). Known mutations were identified by WES and novel mutations were nominated.

Conclusions:
MET/VEGFR blockade with cabozantinib demonstrated no improvement in PFS but an increase in toxicity relative to temozolomide/dacarbazine in metastatic uveal melanoma.
Three grasses (Poaceae), additions to the flora of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Midigesi Anil Kumar , Rao Boyina Ravi Prasad 
Published: September 2019

Bothriochloa insculpta (A. Rich.) A. Camus, Cyrtococcum patens (L.) A. Camus var. patens and Sacciolepis myosuroides (R. Br.) A. Camus. (Panicoideae: Poaceae) are three grasses that were collected from Chittoor and Visakhapatnam districts of Andhra Pradesh. They are being reported here as new records for Andhra Pradesh State. Descriptions, illustrations, and important notes are provided for all the species.
Further studies on two species of the moth genus Paralebeda Aurivillius (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Lasiocampidae) from northwestern India
Authors: Kaleka Amritpal Singh , Singh Devinder , Saini Sujata 
Published: September 2019

The known Indian species of the moth genus Paralebeda Aurivillius namely femorata (Menetries) and the type species plagifera (Walker) have been taxonomically treated. The external morphological characters particularly species specific features such as wing venation and genitalic characters have been studied and illustrated. The genus diagnosis has been updated and a key has also been formulated.
The genus Grewia (Malvaceae: Grewioideae) in Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India with a conservation note on the endemic G. indandamanica
Authors: Kishor K.C. , Nandikar Mayur D. 
Published: September 2019

The genus Grewia in Andaman & Nicobar Islands is reviewed with its identification key, descriptions, distribution and photographs. This article provides correct taxonomic identity of G. laevigata and G. multiflora with comprehensive morphology and conservation assessment for the endemic G. indandamanica.
Australasian sequestrate Fungi 20: Russula scarlatina (Agaricomycetes: Russulales: Russulaceae), a new species from dry grassy woodlands of southeastern Australia
Authors: Elliott Todd F. , Trappe James M. 
Published: September 2019

Russula scarlatina sp. nov. is a common sequestrate fungus found in the dry sclerophyll Eucalyptus woodlands of southeastern Australia. Basidiomata are hypogeous or sometimes emergent; they are scarlet in youth and become dark sordid red or brown with advanced age. Historically, this species would have been placed in the genus Gymnomyces, but in light of recent revisions in the taxonomy of sequestrate Russulaceae, we place it in the genus Russula. It is morphologically distinct from other sequestrate species of Russula because of its scarlet peridium and unusual cystidial turf in youth. It has been collected only in dry grassy woodlands and open forest habitats of southeastern Australia.
Shola tree regeneration is lower under Lantana camara L. thickets in the upper Nilgiris plateau, India
Authors: Najar Muneer Ul Islam , Puyravaud Jean-Philippe , Davidar Priya 
Published: September 2019

Lantana camara is a dominant invasive shrub in many protected areas of India including the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR). We conducted a study to assess the regeneration potential of endemic native (shola) trees under different levels of Lantana infestation in the upper plateau of NBR. A total of 61 plots in a total area of 0.73ha were sampled, out of which 0.57ha was in Lantana dominated sites and 0.16ha in undisturbed shola forests. The plots were classified as per the level of Lantana infestation (intensive, moderate, and low infestation). We found that regeneration of shola trees, including endemics decreased with increasing intensity of Lantana invasion. No regeneration occurred in the intensively infested plots whereas regeneration was high in undisturbed shola forests.
A case study on the public knowledge and awareness of the Philippine Pangolin Manis culionensis (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae)
Authors: Tenorio Frances Mae , Baril Joselito 
Published: September 2019

Pangolins are poorly known species despite their high demand in the illegal international trade. This study has been conducted to analyze the awareness of Filipinos towards the endemic Philippine Pangolin Manis culionensis and how much they would be willing to contribute to its conservation. The respondents were selected from the social media reach of the researchers. The results showed that most of the respondents know about the pangolin from mass media such as news from television. Social media is also a factor in their awareness of the animal. They unanimously agreed that pangolins are important ecologically rather than its medicinal value in the illegal market trade. Overall, the respondents showed a high degree of knowledge of pangolins and have favorable attitudes towards its conservation.
Mystical Songs of Bratslav Hasidim: Opening Notes
Authors: Meir Jonatan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of the distinctive literary genres of Bratslav Hasidism is the shir yedidot (Song of Endearment), a mystical poem concerning the stature of the soul of R. Naḥman of Bratslav. These poems, still sung by Hasidim today, contain esoteric traditions that reveal the multiple voices within Bratslav Hasidism. This article traces the development of this form from the beginning of the nineteenth century until the present, and argues that changes in emphasis within these songs reflect shifts in Bratslav theology over the years. The study thus presents a more complex historical picture of Bratslav Hasidism, which has usually been seen as one monolithic unit.