bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do the regulatory standards require religious literacy of U.K. health and social care professionals?
Authors: Crisp Beth R. , Dinham Adam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHealth and social care professionals need sufficient religious literacy in order to handle the complexities of religious beliefs and practices, including the growing numbers who identify with other belief systems and those who claim to identify with no religion. The extent to which the need for religious literacy has been formalized was examined in an analysis of regulatory frameworks for health and social care professionals in the United Kingdom. Although all but one of the regulators make some reference to religion and beliefs, they are silent on the question as to what is meant by religion and beliefs. Some standards include a requirement not to impose one's own beliefs on others, but there is very little requirement to develop a reflective and self‐critical awareness of one's own stance. Likewise, some standards refer to knowledge and skills required, but greater specificity is required for these to be meaningful.
Outbreaks of Salmonella enterica infections linked to animal contact: Demographic and outbreak characteristics and comparison to foodborne outbreaks—United States, 2009–2014
Authors: Marus Jessica Rae , Magee Matthew James , Manikonda Karunya , Nichols Megin C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the United States, multistate Salmonella outbreaks are most commonly linked to a food source; however, contact with live animals can also result in outbreaks of human illness. To characterize Salmonella outbreaks linked to animal contact and examine differences compared to foodborne outbreaks, we analysed data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) from 2009 to 2014 with a primary mode of transmission listed as “animal contact” or “food.” Four hundred and eighty‐four outbreaks with animal contact or foodborne transmission were reported through NORS; of these outbreaks, 99 (20.5%) resulted from Salmonella transmission through animal contact and 385 (79.5%) resulted from foodborne transmission, which resulted in 3,604 (19.8%) and 13,568 (80.2%) illnesses, respectively. A higher proportion of illnesses among children aged <1 year and children aged 1–4 years were linked to animal contact outbreaks compared to foodborne outbreaks (15.2% vs. 1.4%, p < 0.01 and 24.5% vs. 5.6%, p < 0.01, respectively). Illnesses resulting in hospitalizations (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.02) were more likely to be associated with animal contact compared to food. Animal contact outbreaks reported to NORS were more likely to be multistate compared to foodborne outbreaks (OR: 5.43, 95% CI: 3.37, 8.76) and had a longer median duration (99.0 days vs. 9.0 days, p < 0.01). Characterizing the differences between outbreaks of illness linked to animal contact and outbreaks linked to food provides useful information to investigators to improve public health response.
Postural respiratory‐related cortical activation and rostral fluid shift in awake healthy humans
Authors: Launois Claire , Perger Elisa , Attali Valérie , Nierat Marie‐Cécile , Raux Mathieu , Arnulf Isabelle , Similowski Thomas , Redolfi Stefania 
Published: March 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Moving to supine induces upper airway modifications and a fluid shift to the neck, which represent inspiratory load that predisposes to upper airway collapse. Is there cortical participation in the response to the load induced by transition to a supine posture in awake healthy subjects?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Moving to supine induces transient cortical activation in awake healthy subjects, with greater fluid shift, supporting possible cortical participation in the response to upper airway load induced by transition to a supine posture. Our findings open new perspectives in the understanding of the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea.

AbstractMoving from sitting upright to lying supine causes anatomical modifications and a fluid shift to the neck, which represent inspiratory loads that predispose to upper airway collapse. The pre‐inspiratory potential (PIP) corresponds to the cortical activity observed during inspiratory load. In the sitting position during wakefulness, some obstructive sleep apnoea patients exhibit PIP, probably in relationship to upper airway abnormalities. The aim of this study was to investigate whether moving to the supine position induces respiratory‐related cortical activation (PIP) in awake healthy subjects. The ECG was analysed to detect PIP, and EMG activity of the genioglossus muscle and ventilation were measured in the sitting position, immediately after moving to the supine position, and during application of leg positive pressure in the supine position to promote fluid shift, which was measured by bioelectrical impedance. Twenty‐four subjects were included. From sitting to lying, PIP prevalence increased from 1/24 to 11/24 (P = 0.002), and ventilation decreased with no change in genioglossus activity. The fluid shift from sitting to supine was higher in the subjects exhibiting PIP while supine compared with the subjects without PIP [median (25th; 75th centiles) 440 (430; 520) versus 320 (275; 385) ml, P = 0.018], without any other differences. From before to during leg positive pressure, PIP disappeared (P = 0.006). These results indicate that moving from sitting to lying induces transient respiratory‐related cortical activity in awake healthy subjects with greater fluid shift, supporting possible cortical participation in the response to upper airway loading induced by moving from sitting upright to lying supine. This study offers new perspectives in the understanding of obstructive sleep apnoea pathogenesis.
Regular aerobic exercise‐ameliorated troponin I carbonylation to mitigate aged rat soleus muscle functional recession
Authors: Liu Wenfeng , Kuang Heyu , Xia Yan , Pope Zachary C. , Wang Zhiyuan , Tang Changfa , Yin Dazhong 
Published: March 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the biological role of carbonylation in muscle age‐related functional decline and how might exercise affect the carbonylation process differently compared to habitual sedentary behaviour?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The carbonylation of troponin I (TNNI1), tropomyosin α‐1 chain and α‐actinin‐1 demonstrated a relationship with muscle age‐related functional decline. Exercise attenuated the decline by slowing the rate of carbonylation and promoting antioxidant reactions within the muscle. As exercise demonstrated the greatest effect on TNNI1, quantification of protein carbonyls in TNNI1 may be used as a potential biomarker of muscle age‐related functional decline.

AbstractThis study investigated the biological role of carbonylation in muscle age‐related functional decline and how regular aerobic exercise may affect the carbonylation process differently from habitual sedentary behaviour. Twenty‐four healthy male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (mean age: 23 months) were randomly divided into an old‐aged sedentary control group (O‐SED) and an old‐aged aerobic exercise group (O‐EX). The O‐EX group participated in regular aerobic exercise – treadmill running – with exercise intensity increased gradually from 50–55% to 65–70% of maximum oxygen consumption () over 10 weeks. Rats’ body weight, exercise behaviour index, morphology and oxidative stress were monitored. Avidin magnetic beads and electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry were used for gathering and separating carbonylated proteins while western blot tested for molecular targets. O‐SED and O‐EX rats both had 19 oxidative modification sites for protein carbonylation. In the O‐SED group, 16 specific carbonylated proteins were identified, while 16 additional specific species were also found in the O‐EX group, with all 28 species demonstrating oxidative modifications. The carbonylated proteins included troponin I (TNNI1; slow skeletal muscle), tropomyosin α1 and α‐actinin 1. In particular, TNNI1 carbonylation modifications were found only in sedentary rats. Aerobic exercise increased TNNI1 and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IIα expression significantly. Observations suggested that quantification of TNNI1 carbonylation may be a potential biomarker of muscle age‐related functional decline. Importantly, regular aerobic exercise appeared to have antioxidant effects in the muscle that reduced TNNI1 slow carbonylation and promoted Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase IIα (CAMK2) and TNNI1 expression for skeletal muscle contraction regulation, thus attenuating possible age‐related skeletal muscle functional decline.
Discussion: “Double Stratification in Flow by Curved Stretching Sheet With Thermal Radiation and Joule Heating” (Hayat, T., Qayyum, S., Imtiaz, M., and Alsaedi, A., 2018, J. Therm. Sci. Eng. Appl., 10(2), 021010)
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The present discussion concerns some doubtful results included in the above paper.
Ethnic-specific mortality of infants undergoing congenital heart surgery in England and Wales
Authors: Knowles Rachel L , Ridout Deborah , Crowe Sonya , Bull Catherine , Wray Jo , Tregay Jenifer , Franklin Rodney C G , Barron David J , Parslow Roger C , Brown Katherine 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo investigate ethnic differences in mortality for infants with congenital heart defects (CHDs) undergoing cardiac surgery or interventional catheterisation.DesignObservational study of survival to age 1 year using linked records from routine national paediatric cardiac surgery and intensive care audits. Mortality risk was investigated using multivariable Poisson models with multiple imputation. Predictors included sex, ethnicity, preterm birth, deprivation, comorbidities, prenatal diagnosis, age and weight at surgery, preprocedure deterioration and cardiac diagnosis.SettingAll paediatric cardiac surgery centres in England and Wales.Patients5350 infants with CHDs born from 2006 to 2009.Main outcome measureSurvival at age 1 year.ResultsMortality was 83.9 (95% CI 76.3 to 92.1) per 1000 infants, with variation by ethnic group. Compared with those of white ethnicity, infants in British Asian (Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi) and ‘all other’ (Chinese, mixed and other) categories experienced significantly higher mortality by age 1 year (relative risk [RR] 1.52[95% CI 1.19 to 1.95]; 1.62[95% CI 1.20 to 2.20], respectively), specifically during index hospital admission (RR 1.55 [95% CI 1.07 to 2.26]; 1.64 [95% CI 1.05 to 2.57], respectively). Further predictors of mortality included non-cardiac comorbidities, prenatal diagnosis, older age at surgery, preprocedure deterioration and cardiac diagnosis. British Asian infants had higher mortality risk during elective hospital readmission (RR 1.86 [95% CI 1.02 to 3.39]).ConclusionsInfants of British Asian and ‘all other’ non-white ethnicity experienced higher postoperative mortality risk, which was only partly explained by socioeconomic deprivation and access to care. Further investigation of case-mix and timing of risk may provide important insights into potential mechanisms underlying ethnic disparities.
Do multi-ingredient protein supplements augment resistance training-induced gains in skeletal muscle mass and strength? A systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 trials
Authors: O’Bryan Kerry R , Doering Thomas M , Morton Robert W , Coffey Vernon G , Phillips Stuart M , Cox Gregory R 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of multi-ingredient protein (MIP) supplements on resistance exercise training (RT)-induced gains in muscle mass and strength compared with protein-only (PRO) or placebo supplementation.Data sourcesSystematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials with interventions including RT ≥6 weeks in duration and a MIP supplement.DesignRandom effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine the effect of supplementation on fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, one-repetition maximum (1RM) upper body and 1RM lower body muscular strength. Subgroup analyses compared the efficacy of MIP supplementation relative to training status and chronological age.ResultsThe most common MIP supplements included protein with creatine (n=17) or vitamin D (n=10). Data from 35 trials with 1387 participants showed significant (p<0.05) increases in FFM (0.80 kg (95% CI 0.44 to 1.15)), 1RM lower body (4.22 kg (95% CI 0.79 to 7.64)) and 1RM upper body (2.56 kg (95% CI 0.79 to 4.33)) where a supplement was compared with all non-MIP supplemented conditions (means (95% CI)). Subgroup analyses indicated a greater effect of MIP supplements compared with all non-MIP supplements on FFM in untrained (0.95 kg (95% CI 0.51 to 1.39), p<0.0001) and older participants (0.77 kg (95% CI 0.11 to 1.43), p=0.02); taking MIP supplements was also associated with gains in 1RM upper body (1.56 kg (95% CI 0.80 to 2.33), p=0.01) in older adults.Summary/conclusionsWhen MIP supplements were combined with resistance exercise training, there were greater gains in FFM and strength in healthy adults than in counterparts who were supplemented with non-MIP. MIP supplements were not superior when directly compared with PRO supplements. The magnitude of effect of MIP supplements was greater (in absolute values) in untrained and elderly individuals undertaking RT than it was in trained individuals and in younger people.Trial registration numberCRD42017081970.
How cold is too cold? Establishing the minimum water temperature limits for marathon swim racing
Authors: Saycell Jane , Lomax Mitch , Massey Heather , Tipton Mike 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo provide a rationale for minimum water temperature rules for elite and subelite marathon swim racing and highlight factors that make individuals vulnerable to excessive cooling during open water swimming.Methods12 lean competitive swimmers swam for up to 2 hours, three times in different water temperatures between 14°C and 20°C, wearing standard swimming costumes and hats. Rectal temperature (Tre), oxygen consumption, perception of cold and performance were measured.ResultsIn 16°C, half the swimmers did not complete a 2-hour swim; four became (or were predicted to become) hypothermic within 2 hours. In 18°C, three-quarters completed the swim; three became (or were predicted to become) hypothermic. In 20°C, one swimmer was predicted to become hypothermic in under 2 hours. The mean linear rate of fall of Trewas greater in 16°C (−1.57°C/hour) than 18°C (−1.07°C/hour) (p=0.03). There was no change in swimming performance during the swims or between conditions. Most of the cooling rate could be explained by metabolic heat production and morphology for both 16°C (R2=0.94, p<0.01) and 18°C (R2=0.82, p<0.01) conditions. No relationship was observed between Treand perception of thermal sensation (r=0.25, p=0.13), and there was a weak correlation between Treand thermal comfort (r=0.32, p=0.04).ConclusionWe recommend that 16°C and 18°C water are too cold for elite marathon swim racing. FédérationInternationale de Natation rules were changed in 2017 to make wetsuits compulsory below 18°C and optional below 20°C.
Factors associated with and long-term outcome of benign multiple sclerosis: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Crielaard Loes , Kavaliunas Andrius , Ramanujam Ryan , Olsson Tomas , Hillert Jan , Stridh Pernilla , Kockum Ingrid , Manouchehrinia Ali 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveBenign multiple sclerosis (BMS) is often defined by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of ≤3.0 after ≥15 years of disease duration. This classification’s clinical relevance remains unclear as benign patients may suffer other impairments and advance towards a progressive course, prompting our objective to holistically investigate factors associated with BMS and its long-term prognosis.MethodsBenign cases were identified in the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis registry. Baseline clinical data, demographic features and influence of multiple sclerosis (MS) major risk alleles on likelihood of benign course were investigated. Physical disability (EDSS), cognitive function (Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SDMT) and self-reported and socioeconomic differences between benign and non-benign patients were evaluated using generalised estimation equations models.Results11222 patients (2420 benign/8802 non-benign) were included. Benign patients were more likely to be female and younger at MS onset, have fewer relapses within the first two and 5 years from onset and fully recover from the first relapse (p<0.001). No association between human leucocyte antigen (HLA)DRB1*15:01carriership (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.09) orHLA-A*02:01lacking (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.11) and benign/non-benign was found. Non-benign patients accumulated an extra 0.04 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.04, p<0.001) EDSS score/year, lost an extra 0.3 (95% CI − 0.39 to − 0.18, p<0.001) SDMT score/year and deteriorated faster in self-reported impact and socioeconomic measures (p<0.001).ConclusionPatients with BMS have a better disease course as they progress more slowly at the group level in all respects. Lack of an association with major genetic risk factors indicates that MS course is most likely influenced by either environmental factor(s) or genetic factors outside theHLAregion.
The generalized uncertainty principle from the doubly special relativity: Algebraic approach, Ramsauer effect and delta potential
Authors: Chung Won Sang , Hassanabadi Hassan , Kang Min Su , Sung Hee Hun , Maeng Jinyeob , Lee Seunghyun , Moon Young Il 
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we consider the DSR-GUP which was first proposed by two of us [W. S. Chung and H. Hassanabadi, Phys. Lett. B 785, 127 (2018)]. Here, we introduce the deformed derivative corresponding to DSR-GUP to discuss the quantum mechanics based on DSR-GUP in an algebraical way. We use the deformed Fourier transform and its inverse transform to discuss the plane wave in [Formula: see text]-space and Gaussian packet. We also extend our discussion to the (1 + 1)-dimensional case. As examples, we discuss the Ramsauer–Townsend effect and delta potential.
Infinitely many solutions for critical quasilinear equations involving Hardy potential
Authors: Gao Fengshuang , Guo Yuxia 
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we consider the following quasilinear elliptic equation with critical growth and a Hardy term: [Formula: see text]where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a constant, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] is the Sobolev critical exponent. And [Formula: see text] is an open bounded domain which contains the origin. We will study the existence of infinitely many solutions for (P). To achieve this goal, we first perform various kinds of change of variables to overcome the difficulties caused by the unboundedness of [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] for large [Formula: see text]) and the lack of a global monotone condition [Formula: see text] (see below) on [Formula: see text], then combining the idea of regularization approach and subcritical approximation we prove the existence of infinitely many solutions for (P). Our results show that under some suitable assumptions on [Formula: see text], without the perturbation of the lower term [Formula: see text] we can still obtain the existence of infinitely many solutions for (P).
Analysis and Optimization of Surface Roughness and Microhardness for Roller Burnishing using Response Surface Methodology and Desirability Function Approach on Aluminum 63400
Authors: Kurkute Vijay , Chavan Sandip 
Published: March 2019

In the present study, response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize roller burnishing process for aluminum alloy 63400 grade. Single roller burnishing tool (carbide) is used to burnish round aluminum alloy. Experiments were performed with Box and Wilson Central Composite Design (CCD). The machining factors controlled during experimentation are speed, feed, force and number of tool passes. The response parameters are surface roughness and microhardness. The most significant control factors on the surface roughness and microhardness were determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). A controllable process parameter is correlated with surface roughness and microhardness by mathematical model. A quadratic regression analysis is performed to compute the correlation coefficient between the experimental and predicted values. The optimum surface roughness and microhardness foreseen by the model is found to agree well with the results of the experiment. To find the optimum value of both the response, desirability approach was used. The input parameters with most desirability value are selected as the optimum solution. Hence, the most desirable burnished condition desirability value 0.872 is speed 37.9[Formula: see text]m/min, feed 0.5[Formula: see text]mm/rev, force 35.49[Formula: see text]N and number of tool passes four. Surface roughness obtained is 0.524[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] m and microhardness is 125.02[Formula: see text]HV. This is the optimum condition for minimum surface roughness and maximum microhardness. The optimum surface finish and microhardness predicted by the model are found to agree well with the results of the experiment.
Experimental study on the effects of Kursi Ziyabet on the rat model of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Parhat Alimjan , Huojiaaihemaiti Haibaier , Mohammadturusn Nabijan , Nurahmat Mammat 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To evaluate the hyperglycemic effects of Kursi Ziyabet (KZ) tablets on the rat models of diabetes mellitus.Methods: In total, 58 male SD rats were assigned randomly to six groups. All except the normal group were transformed into experimental diabetes mellitus rat models by injecting streptozocin. The hyperglycemic effect and the mechanism of Ziyabet were evaluated by body weight, food and water intake, fasting blood sugar, and related parameters by measuring the oxidative stress-related factors and lipid metabolism indicator level by the corresponding kits using the rat experimental models.Results: Compared with the model group, body weight markedly increased after 3–6 weeks of intragastric administration of Ziyabet tablets ([Formula: see text]), while the water intake significantly decreased in the same period of time ([Formula: see text]). Food intake and fasting blood sugar level also decreased with the high dosage of Ziyabet tablets ([Formula: see text]). There is no significant difference in pancreas’ MDA content of the Ziyabet groups when compared to the model group ([Formula: see text]), while significant increase in SOD level was observed in high-dosage KZ group ([Formula: see text]). The blood serum insulin and free fatty acid level also decreased in the high-dosage KZ group compared with the model group ([Formula: see text]).Conclusion: We conclude that Ziyabet tablets demonstrated protective effects on the diabetic rat models.