bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whey valorization: current options and future scenario – a critical review
Authors: Panghal Anil , Patidar Rakesh , Jaglan Sundeep , Chhikara Navnidhi , Khatkar Sunil K. , Gat Yogesh , Sindhu Neelesh 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review the advanced technologies and approaches for utilization of waste generated in dairy industry. Whey is highly contaminated, with a high organic load around 100,000 mg O2/L COD (chemical oxygen demand), and is not used for further processing. The waste generated in different food industries can be utilized in different value addition product with the help of advanced technology.Design/methodology/approachMajor well-known bibliometric information sources are the Web of Science, Scopus, Mendeley and Google Scholar. Several keywords like nutrition value of whey, whey utilization, whey valorization, whey technologies, whey beverages, fruit-based whey beverage, carbonated beverage, probiotic or alcoholic beverages, herbal beverage, fermented beverage and current scenarios were chosen to obtain a large range of papers to be analyzed. A final inventory of 126 scientific sources was made after sorting and classifying them according to different criteria based on topic, academic field country of origin and year of publication.FindingsThe comprehensive review of different literature, data sources and research papers seeks to find and discuss various sustainable solutions to this huge waste generated from milk industry. The sustainable use of whey for production and conversion in different types of products can uplift the bio-based economy of industries and thereof national/international economy. The recent upsurge in consumer interest for health-promoting products has opened up new vistas for whey beverages and other whey products research and development.Originality/valueThe paper draws out different sustainable characteristics and technology of whey products available in market, as well as potential products to be launched in the market. Interestingly, over the past few years, dairy industries have applied various technologies to process cheese whey and are in search of new products which can be prepared from the by-product. This review discusses on the recent research development of whey valorization with particular reference to technologies used in the addition to their commercial availability and a way forward.
Autonomous team members’ expectations for top-leader involvement
Authors: Hess James P. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine incongruities between autonomous team members’ expectations for top-leader involvement with teams and their perceptions of top-leader involvement actually encountered in their own team experiences.Design/methodology/approachInterview feedback was sought from three participants from each of six autonomous teams to capture explanations of their lived experiences from team participation. Transcribed data were examined through thematic analysis, from which patterned responses and meanings relevant to the research inquiry were identified.FindingsTo foster a team environment and shape the organizational context to align with autonomous team members’ expectations, organizational leaders should give significant attention to all-inclusive recruitment; frequent, face-to-face communication between themselves and team members; and an unwavering resource allocation.Originality/valueThis study addresses a unique realm of team research in addressing the need for top leaders to understand team members’ expectations for their involvement in shaping an organizational context most conducive to team effectiveness.
Video game–induced tourism: a new frontier for destination marketers
Authors: Dubois Louis-Etienne , Gibbs Chris 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to expand the media-related tourism literature in a new domain of application by highlighting a connection between the world of video games and tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
Through deductive content analysis, this study looks at 137 online comments posted on popular gaming and travel websites that connect two popular video games (Assassin’s Creed II and Assassin’s Creed Unity) and travel motivation.

Findings
Results establish that video games share similar travel motivation elements with film and should be considered as a driver of tourism. It argues that destinations should consider video games as a platform for motivating tourists before they consider investing in virtual reality. It outlines opportunities for destinations interested in video game-induced tourism and calls for more research and case studies that link video games with destinations.

Originality/value
This is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first paper to investigate this connection. As such, it outlines untapped opportunities for destinations interested in video game-induced tourism and opens up a new line of research within media-related tourism literature.
A bandwidth enhancement and size reduction of monopole microstrip antenna for ultra wideband application
Authors: Djidel Saadi , Bouamar Mohamed , Khedrouche Djamel 
Published: April 2018

PurposeModern wireless communication application requires an antenna system to meet the requirements of miniaturization and wideband characteristic. In recent years, several antenna designs, that meet these requirements, have been proposed in the literature. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to design a new microstrip monopole antenna with a bandwidth enhancement and size reduction for ultra wideband application.Design/methodology/approachThe patch, of leaf of a plant shape, the feed line and the ground plane are printed on the inexpensive FR4 substrate material with permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02. To obtain optimal dimensions, a parametric study is conducted through numerical computations by using electromagnetic simulators HFSS and CST. A prototype of the optimized antenna is fabricated and subjected to a series of simulations and measurements.FindingsThe measurement results show a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 6.7 GHz (3.5 GHz-10.2 GHz) which can cover the whole bandwidth requirements of an ultra wideband application. The designed antenna exhibits nearly symmetric and omnidirectional radiations patterns over the operating band, which is a sought-after behavior in microstrip patch antennas and has overall size of 35 × 31 mm2.Originality/valueThe proposed microstrip monopole antenna is very useful for modern wireless communications systems because of its compact size, its capability of covering the whole ultra wideband frequency band and its good radiation characteristics.
Designing of intake manifold for Formula Student car
Authors: Sardar Paramjotsingh , Sardar Arshdeepsingh 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this research was to design an intake manifold which will improve the functioning of the engine. This will improve the acceleration of the car which will help in performing better at the dynamic events at a Formula Student Competition.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach was to use the Helmholtz resonator theory to find the appropriate runner length for the desired rotation per minute range. Along with this, it is important to ensure that there is minimum flow separation for which computational fluid dynamics analysis was carried out.

Findings
The research showed that all the processes involved in this system are dynamic, so steady-state analysis is not quite relevant instead transient analysis will help in getting a better idea.

Originality/value
Majority of research is primarily focused on convergent divergent nozzle, to try and minimize the effect of the restrictor. But to fine-tune the performance of the engine, it is important to consider the effects of runners and plenum so as to choose appropriate runner length and plenum volume.
Optimization of process parameters on machining force and MRR during end milling of GFRP composites using GRA
Authors: MP Jenarthanan , Gavireddy Prasanna Kumar Reddy , Gummadi Chetan Sai , Mandapaka Surya Ramesh 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effect and parametric optimization of process parameters during milling of glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRP) composites using grey relational analysis (GRA).

Design/methodology/approach
Experiments are conducted using helix angle, spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and fibre orientation angle as typical process parameters. GRA is adopted to obtain grey relational grade for the milling process with multiple characteristics, namely, machining force and material removal rate (MRR). Analysis of variance is performed to get the contribution of each parameter on the performance characteristics.

Findings
It is observed that helix angle and fibre orientation angle are the most significant process parameters that affect the milling of GFRP composites. The experimental results reveal that the helix angle of 45°, spindle speed of 3000 rpm, feed rate of 1000 mm/min, depth of cut of 2 mm and fibre orientation angle of 15° is the optimum combination of lower machining force and higher MRR. The experimental results for the optimal setting show that there is considerable improvement in the process.

Originality/value
Optimization of process parameters on machining force and MRR during endmilling of GFRP composites using GRA has not been attempted previously.
Characterization of a feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus terreus facilitates the division of fungal enzymes from Carbohydrate Esterase family 1 of the carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZy) database
Authors: Mäkelä Miia R. , Dilokpimol Adiphol , Koskela Salla M. , Kuuskeri Jaana , de Vries Ronald P. , Hildén Kristiina 
Published: April 2018

SummaryFeruloyl esterases (FAEs) are accessory enzymes for plant biomass degradation, which catalyse hydrolysis of carboxylic ester linkages between hydroxycinnamic acids and plant cell‐wall carbohydrates. They are a diverse group of enzymes evolved from, e.g. acetyl xylan esterases (AXEs), lipases and tannases, thus complicating their classification and prediction of function by sequence similarity. Recently, an increasing number of fungal FAEs have been biochemically characterized, owing to their potential in various biotechnological applications and multitude of candidate FAEs in fungal genomes. However, only part of the fungal FAEs are included in Carbohydrate Esterase family 1 (CE1) of the carbohydrate‐active enzymes (CAZy) database. In this work, we performed a phylogenetic analysis that divided the fungal members of CE1 into five subfamilies of which three contained characterized enzymes with conserved activities. Conservation within one of the subfamilies was confirmed by characterization of an additional CE1 enzyme from Aspergillus terreus. Recombinant A. terreus FaeD (AtFaeD) showed broad specificity towards synthetic methyl and ethyl esters, and released ferulic acid from plant biomass substrates, demonstrating its true FAE activity and interesting features as potential biocatalyst. The subfamily division of the fungal CE1 members enables more efficient selection of candidate enzymes for biotechnological processes.
Insights into population genetics and evolution of polyploids and their ancestors
Authors: Jighly Abdulqader , Lin Zibei , Forster John W. , Spangenberg German C. , Hayes Ben J. , Daetwyler Hans D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe have developed the first comprehensive simulator for polyploid genomes (PolySim) and demonstrated its value by performing large‐scale simulations to examine the effect of different population parameters on the evolution of polyploids. PolySim is unlimited in terms of ploidy, population size or number of simulated loci. Our process considered the evolution of polyploids from diploid ancestors, polysomic inheritance, inbreeding, recombination rate change in polyploids and gene flow from lower to higher ploidies. We compared the number of segregating single nucleotide polymorphisms, minor allele frequency, heterozygosity, R2 and average kinship relatedness between different simulated scenarios, and to real data from polyploid species. As expected, allotetraploid populations showed no difference from their ancestral diploids when population size remained constant and there was no gene flow or multivalent (MV) pairing between subgenomes. Autotetraploid populations showed significant differences from their ancestors for most parameters and diverged from their ancestral populations faster than allotetraploids. Autotetraploids can have significantly higher heterozygosity, relatedness and extended linkage disequilibrium compared with allotetraploids. Interestingly, autotetraploids were more sensitive to increasing selfing rate and decreasing population size. MV formation can homogenize allotetraploid subgenomes, but this homogenization requires a higher MV rate than previously proposed. Our results can be considered as the first building block to understand polyploid population evolutionary dynamics. PolySim can be used to simulate a wide variety of polyploid organisms that mimic empirical populations, which, in combination with quantitative genetics tools, can be used to investigate the power of genomewide association, genomic selection or breeding programme designs in these species.
N‐Acetyl Cysteine Treatment Restores Early Phase Fracture Healing in Ethanol‐Fed Rats
Authors: Duryee Michael J. , Dusad Anand , Hunter Carlos D. , Kharbanda Kusum K. , Bruenjes Joseph D. , Easterling Karen C. , Siebler Justin C. , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Chakkalakal Dennis A. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundFracture healing in alcoholics is delayed and often associated with infections resulting in prolonged rehabilitation. It has been reported that binge drinking of alcohol increases oxidative stress and delays fracture healing in rats, which is prevented by treatment with the antioxidant n‐acetyl cysteine (NAC). Oxidative stress is a significant factor in pathologies of various organs resulting from chronic alcoholism. Therefore, we hypothesize that treatment with NAC reduces oxidative stress and restores fracture healing in chronic alcoholics.MethodsRats (10 months old) were pair‐fed the Lieber‐DeCarli ethanol (EtOH) diet or control diet for 16 weeks. A closed fracture was performed and rats allowed to recover for 72 hours. Rats were divided into 4 groups—control, control + NAC, EtOH, and EtOH + NAC—and injected intraperitoneally with 200 mg/kg of NAC daily for 3 days. Serum and bone fracture callus homogenates were collected and assayed for traditional markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and bone regeneration.ResultsThe oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in both serum and bone tissue in EtOH‐fed animals compared to controls. NAC treatment significantly (p < 0.01) reduced MDA to near normal levels and dramatically increased the index of antioxidant efficacy (catalase/MDA ratio) (p < 0.01). Inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ, and interleukin‐6 were significantly decreased in serum and callus following NAC treatment. NAC treatment reduced EtOH‐induced bone resorption as evidenced by significant decreases in C‐telopeptide of type‐I‐collagen levels (p < 0.05) and band‐5 tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase levels in the tissue (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOxidative stress and excessive inflammation are involved in the inhibition of fracture healing by EtOH. In this study, early short‐term treatment of EtOH‐fed animals with the antioxidant NAC reduced oxidative stress and normalized the innate immune response to fracture in the early phase of fracture healing, thereby restoring the normal onset of bone regeneration.
A noninterventional study to monitor patients with diabetic macular oedema starting treatment with ranibizumab (POLARIS)
Authors: Stefanickova Jana , Cunha‐Vaz Jose , Ulbig Michael , Pearce Ian , Fernández‐Vega Sanz Alvaro , Theodossiadis Panagiotis , Kodjikian Laurent , Izmailov Alexander , Muston Dominic , Vassilev Zdravko , Lamotte Benedicte , Tückmantel Claudia , Friedl Sabine , Altemark Andreas , Schwarz Hans‐Jörg , Katz Todd ,   the POLARIS study investigators
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeAntivascular endothelial growth factor agents are increasingly used in diabetic macular oedema (DME); however, there are few studies exploring their use in DME in real‐world settings.MethodsPOLARIS was a noninterventional, multicentre study to monitor 12‐month outcomes in patients starting ranibizumab treatment in routine practices. The primary outcome was mean change in visual acuity (VA) from baseline to month 12 (last observation carried forward approach). Other outcomes included mean change in central retinal thickness (CRT) and resource utilization. Visual acuity (VA) outcomes were also stratified by country, baseline visual acuity score (VAS), sex, age and injection frequency.ResultsOutcomes were analysed from all treated patients (n = 804) and from first‐year completers (patients who had a visual acuity assessment at 12 months; n = 568). The mean (SD) baseline VAS was 59.4 (15.9) letters, and the mean change in visual acuity was 4.4 letters (95% confidence interval: 3.3–5.4) at month 12 (study eye; first‐year completers). The mean number of injections (study eye) was 4.9, and the mean number of all visits (any eye) was 10 (58% were injection visits) over 12 months (first‐year completers). The mean (SD) baseline CRT was 410.6 (128.8) μm, and the mean change in CRT was −115.2 μm at month 12 (study eye; first‐year completers). Visual acuity (VA) outcomes were generally comparable across most countries and subgroups and were greatest in patients with the lowest baseline VAS (≤60 letters).ConclusionPOLARIS showed that real‐world outcomes in DME patients starting treatment with ranibizumab were lower than those observed in clinical studies, in spite of extensive monitoring.
The association among HER2, MET and FOXP3 expression and tumor regression grading in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Neves Filho Eduardo Henrique Cunha , Pires Adriana Pinheiro Bezerra , de Sant'Ana Rosane Oliveira , Rabenhorst Silvia Helena Barem , Hirth Carlos Gustavo , da Cunha Maria Do Perpétuo Socorro Saldanha 
Published: April 2018

Although the introduction of the perioperative chemotherapy on the management of gastric cancer has improved patients survival, heterogeneity of clinical outcomes has been evidenced in parallel to different histopathological regression pattern of gastric cancer cells. Thus, this study evaluated the tumor regression grading (TRG) in a series of post‐treatment gastric tumors and its associations with HER2, MET, and FOXP3 expression. Material of 54 gastric cancer samples was available for TRG evaluation and immunohistochemistry. We found that total and subtotal pathologic response were significantly associated to the intestinal subtype (p = 0.04) and that well‐differentiated tumors were significantly correlated with total or partial response (p = 0.019). Although not associated with the TRG, FOXP3 expression in gastric tumors was associated to poorly differentiated tumors (p = 0.03), to the diffuse and mixed subtypes together (p = 0.04) and to the presence of vascular infiltration (p = 0.04), while HER2 overexpression was associated to better differentiated cases (p = 0.04) and to the absence of vascular infiltration (p = 0.02). MET expression, however, showed no association with the analyzed clinicopathological factors. This study highlights the role of tissue differentiation on pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer and shows no impact between FOXP3, HER2 and MET expression in terms of TRG.
Estimation of concentration of radionuclides in skeletal muscle from blood, based on the data from abandoned animals in Fukushima
Authors: Fukuda Tomokazu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe damage caused by the earthquake on 11 March, 2011 resulted in a serious nuclear accident in Japan. Due to the damage to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP), large amounts of radioactive substances were released into the environment. In particular, one of the largest safety concerns is radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs). Due to the FNPP nuclear accident, a 20 km area was restricted from human activity, and various types of domestic animals were left in the zone. We collected the organs and tissues from sacrificed animals to obtain scientific data to evaluate the internal deposition of radioactive compounds. At first, we found there is a strong correlation between blood 137Cs and organ 137Cs with data from 44 cattle, indicating that skeletal muscle is the target organ of deposition of radioactive cesium. Second, we analyzed the relationship between blood 137Cs and muscle 137Cs within relatively lower radioactive concentration, suggesting that estimation of concentration of 137Cs is possible from blood concentration of 137Cs. Finally, we developed computer software to estimate the muscle 137Cs concentration from blood samples. Our study contributes to the food safety of livestock products.
Cardiac performance is influenced by rotational changes of position in the transversal plane, both in the horizontal and in the 60̊ head‐up postures
Authors: Kölegård Roger , Da Silva Cristina , Siebenmann Christoph , Keramidas Michail E. , Eiken Ola 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundEchocardiography is usually performed with the subject/patient lying in the left lateral position (LLP), because the acoustic window is better in this than in the supine position (SP). The aim was to investigate cardiac responses to rotational changes of position in the transversal plane, from SP to LLP while horizontal, and from leaning on the back (HUT‐LB) to leaning on the left side (HUT‐LL) while tilted 60° head‐up from the horizontal.MethodsHealthy men (n = 12) underwent 10‐min HUT provocations. Cardiac variables were measured using two‐dimensional echocardiography, Doppler, tissue Doppler imaging and arterial pressures using a volume‐clamp method.ResultsIn horizontal posture, cardiac volumes were smaller in SP than in LLP: end‐diastolic volume (EDV) by 14%, end‐systolic volume (ESV) by 13%, stroke volume (SV) by 14%, and cardiac output (CO) by 16% (P<0·03). In addition, the mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) was 11% smaller (P = 0·001) and the left ventricle isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) 27% longer in SP than in LLP. The ejection fraction, heart rate, arterial pressure and pulmonary ventilation were similar in SP and LLP. During HUT, EDV, SV, CO and MAPSE were smaller, and IVRT was longer, in HUT‐LB than in HUT‐LL, by −19%, −20%, −17%, −18% and +35%, respectively (P<0·04).ConclusionsCardiac performance is enhanced in LLP versus SP and in HUT‐LL versus HUT‐LB, which can be attributed to improved venous return, conceivably, wholly or in part, due to increased hydrostatic pressure gradients between the caval veins and the heart in the LLP and HUT‐LL positions.