bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does a hospital culture influence adherence to infection prevention and control and rates of healthcare associated infection? A literature review
Authors: van Buijtene Adriana , Foster Dona 
Published: November 2018

Background: Over 4 million patients acquire a healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) in Europe every year, indicating possible shortcomings in hospitals converting evidence-based infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies into universal adherence. We present a literature review exploring whether insufficient adherence could be culturally based. Aim: To find empirical evidence if and how specific traits of organisational culture improve adherence to IPC strategies utilising HCAI rates as the marker of system failures or successes. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the British Nursing index database were searched from January 2007 to June 2018. Hand-searching, Google Scholar and the snowball effect completed the investigation. The quality of the studies was assessed with the guidance of CASP and Cochrane tools. Results: Twenty papers were eligible for data extraction and thematic analysis. Studies predominantly report positive findings for the association, but none were determined high quality due to multiple methodological concerns. Analysing both quantitative and qualitative research revealed eight major themes: hospital cultures with better HCAI rates foster safety culture; have a generative leadership style; embrace innovation; ensure interventions fit local context; accept long-term orientation; engage and empower health professionals; promote collaboration and communication; and see the benefits of a non-punitive climate. Interpretation: The literature linking organisational culture and HCAI rates is suggestive, but not conclusive, indicating caution about their inferences. Leaving cultural growth to chance or allowing for weak or toxic cultures impedes on our IPC strategies and equivalently our HCAI rates.
Evaluation of Skin Colonisation And Placement of vascular access device Exit sites (ESCAPE Study)
Authors: Moureau Nancy L , Marsh Nicole , Zhang Li , Bauer Michelle J , Larsen Emily , Mihala Gabor , Corley Amanda , Lye India , Cooke Marie , Rickard Claire M 
Published: November 2018

Background: Skin microorganisms may contribute to the development of vascular access device (VAD) infections. Baseline skin microorganism type and quantity vary between body sites, yet there is little evidence to inform choice of VAD site selection. Objective: To compare microorganisms present at different body sites used for VAD insertions and understand the effect of transparent dressings on skin microflora. Methods: The ESCAPE observational study consisted of three phases: (1) skin swabs of four sites (mid-neck, base neck, chest, upper arm) from 48 hospital patients; (2) skin swabs of five body sites (mid-neck, base neck, chest, upper arm, lower arm) from 10 healthy volunteers; and (3) paired skin swabs (n = 72) under and outside of transparent dressings from 36 hospital patients (16 mid/base neck, 10 chest, upper arm). Specimens were cultured for 72 h, species identified and colony-forming units (CFU) counted. Ordinal logistic regression compared CFU categories between variables of interest. Results: The chest and upper arm were significantly associated with fewer microorganisms compared to neck or forearm (odds ratio [OR] = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25–0.65, P < 0.05). CFU levels under transparent dressings were not significantly different from outside (OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.22–1.45). Staphylococci were predominant at all sites. Other significant ( P < 0.05) predictors of higher CFU count included prolonged hospitalisation and medical/surgical patient status. Discussion: Skin microorganism load was significantly lower at the upper arm or chest, compared to the mid- or base neck. This may impact VAD site selection and subsequent infection risk.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging may act as a biomarker for vascular damage in normal appearing brain tissue after radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Fahlström Markus , Fransson Samuel , Blomquist Erik , Nyholm Tufve , Larsson Elna-Marie 
Published: November 2018

Background Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a promising perfusion method and may be useful in evaluating radiation-induced changes in normal-appearing brain tissue. Purpose To assess whether radiotherapy induces changes in vascular permeability (Ktrans) and the fractional volume of the extravascular extracellular space (Ve) derived from DCE-MRI in normal-appearing brain tissue and possible relationships to radiation dose given. Material and Methods Seventeen patients with glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy were included; five were excluded because of inconsistencies in the radiotherapy protocol or early drop-out. DCE-MRI, contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted (T1W) images and T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) images were acquired before and on average 3.3, 30.6, 101.6, and 185.7 days after radiotherapy. Pre-radiotherapy CE T1W and T2-FLAIR images were segmented into white and gray matter, excluding all non-healthy tissue. Ktrans and Ve were calculated using the extended Kety model with the Parker population-based arterial input function. Six radiation dose regions were created for each tissue type, based on each patient’s computed tomography-based dose plan. Mean Ktrans and Ve were calculated over each dose region and tissue type. Results Global Ktrans and Ve demonstrated mostly non-significant changes with mean values higher for post-radiotherapy examinations in both gray and white matter compared to pre-radiotherapy. No relationship to radiation dose was found. Conclusion Additional studies are needed to validate if Ktrans and Ve derived from DCE-MRI may act as potential biomarkers for acute and early-delayed radiation-induced vascular damages. No dose-response relationship was found.
The endogenous antimicrobial cathelicidin LL37 induces platelet activation and augments thrombus formation
Authors: Salamah Maryam F. , Ravishankar Divyashree , Kodji Xenia , Moraes Leonardo A. , Williams Harry F. , Vallance Thomas M. , Albadawi Dina A. , Vaiyapuri Rajendran , Watson Kim , Gibbins Jonathan M. , Brain Susan D. , Perretti Mauro , Vaiyapuri Sakthivel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Platelet-associated complications including thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage are commonly observed during various inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. Despite the reported evidence on numerous mechanisms/molecules that may contribute to the dysfunction of platelets, the primary mechanisms that underpin platelet-associated complications during inflammatory diseases are not fully established. Here, we report the discovery of formyl peptide receptor 2, FPR2/ALX, in platelets and its primary role in the development of platelet-associated complications via ligation with its ligand, LL37. LL37 acts as a powerful endogenous antimicrobial peptide, but it also regulates innate immune responses. We demonstrate the impact of LL37 in the modulation of platelet reactivity, hemostasis, and thrombosis. LL37 activates a range of platelet functions, enhances thrombus formation, and shortens the tail bleeding time in mice. By utilizing a pharmacological inhibitor and Fpr2/3 (an ortholog of human FPR2/ALX)–deficient mice, the functional dependence of LL37 on FPR2/ALX was determined. Because the level of LL37 is increased in numerous inflammatory diseases, these results point toward a critical role for LL37 and FPR2/ALX in the development of platelet-related complications in such diseases. Hence, a better understanding of the clinical relevance of LL37 and FPR2/ALX in diverse pathophysiological settings will pave the way for the development of improved therapeutic strategies for a range of thromboinflammatory diseases.
Predictors of quality of life of older persons in rural Uganda: A cross sectional study
Authors: Maniragaba Fred , Kwagala Betty , Bizimungu Emmanuel , Ojiambo Wandera Stephen , Ntozi James 
Published: November 2018

Background: Little is known about the quality of life of older persons (OPs) in Uganda in particular, and Africa in general. This study examined factors associated with quality of life of older persons in rural Uganda. Method: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 912 older persons from the four regions of Uganda. Data were analyzed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate level where ordinal logistic regression was applied. Results: Older persons in northern (OR=0.39; CI=0.224-0.711) and western (OR=0.33; CI=0.185-0.594) regions had poor quality of life relative to those in central region. Those who were HIV positive had poor quality of life (OR=0.45; CI=0.220-0.928) compared to those who were HIV negative. In contrast, living in permanent houses predicted good quality of life (OR=2.04; CI=1.391-3.002). Older persons whose household assets were controlled by their spouses were associated with good quality of life (OR=2.06;CI=1.032-4.107) relative to those whose assets were controlled by their children. Conclusion: Interventions mitigating the HIV and AIDS related Quality of life should target older persons. The government of Uganda should consider improving housing conditions for older persons in rural areas.
Emerging Hand Foot Mouth Disease in Bangladeshi Children- First Report of Rapid Appraisal on Pocket Outbreak: Clinico-epidemiological Perspective Implicating Public Health Emergency
Authors: Hossain Khan Md. Azraf , Anwar Kazi Selim , Muraduzzaman A. K. M. , Hossain Mollah Md. Abid , Akhter-ul-Alam S. M. , Munisul Islam Kazi , Hoque Sheikh Ariful , Nazrul Islam Md. , Ali Md. Ahasan 
Published: November 2018

Background:Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common contagious disease among children under 5 years, particularly in the Asia-Pacific-region. We report a localized outbreak of childhood HFMD for the first time from Bangladesh, diagnosed only based on clinical features due to gross lack in laboratory-diagnostic facilities.Methods:Following the World Health Organization’s case-definition, we conducted a rapid-appraisal of HFMD among all of the 143 children attending Pabna Medical College and General Hospital with fever, mouth ulcers and extremity rash. Data were collected between September and November 2017 using a preset syndromic approach and stringent differential diagnostic-protocols.Results:The mean age of children was 2.9±2.3 years. Age did not differ with sex (P=0.98), first sibling being more belonging to middle-income families (62%). Younger children (<5 years) were more likely to suffer with moderate-to-high (38.5°C) fever (P<0.04), painful oral ulcers (P<0.03) and painful/itchy rash (P<0.01). Sex did not differ with other symptoms, but boys had less painful oral ulcers than girls (P<0.04). Fever (63%) and chicken-pox-like-rash (62%) was observed more in mid-October to mid-November than September to mid-October (P<0.01 and P<0.03, respectively). No differences in symptoms (fever, oral ulcers and extremity rash) were observed with precipitation, nor with ambient temperature. Children <5 years (85%) had quicker recovery (within 5 days) than those ≥5 years (69%), (P<0.04), with marginal differences in sex (P<0.05).Conclusions:Our findings highlight the potential usefulness in diagnosing HFMD based on clinical parameters, although stringent differential diagnosis remains indispensable. It is particularly applicable for resource-constrained countries who lack appropriate virology/essential laboratory equipment. Since no specific treatment or effective vaccination is available for this disease, supportive therapy and preventive measures remain the primary methods to circumvent transmission augmented by climate-related factors. Standardized virology laboratory warrants appropriate diagnosis and globally representative multivalent vaccine is deemed essential towards preventing HFMD.
Pushmi-pullyu Representations and Mindreading in Chimpanzees
Authors: Danón Laura 
Published: November 2018

Lurz and Krachun (2011) propose a new experimental protocol designed to discriminate genuine mindreading animals from mere behavior-readers and to give evidence in favor of the claim that chimpanzees are capable of attributing internal goals to others. They suggest that chimpanzees' variety of "internal goal attribution" consists in attributing to others basic intentional representations, baptized by Millikan as "pushmi-pullyu representations" (PPs). Now, Millikan (1996, 2004a, 2004b) distinguishes what I propose to call 'pure' PPs from more complex varieties of PPs, which allow their owners to respond more flexibly to their environments. But, what would happen if we tried to differentiate, analogously, between more or less sophisticated mind-readers in virtue of the sorts of PPs that they could attribute to others? What would attributing complex PPs consist in and how would such capacity increase the predictive powers of chimpanzee mind-readers? This paper offers an answer to these questions. Based on Millikan's work, I differentiate two varieties of complex PPs. Then, I examine what a basic mind-reader, only capable of attributing 'pure' PPs, would be able to do. After that, I distinguish two more sophisticated varieties of mindreading, each consisting in the attribution of one of the complex PPs previously presented, and I show how the ability to attribute complex PPs to others comes with more potent and flexible capacities to anticipate their behavior. Finally, I offer some reasons to think that attributing complex PPs is still simpler than full-blown mindreading and I briefly evaluate the prospects of extending this proposal to infant social cognition.
Raising awareness of autistic spectrum disorders for healthcare assistants
Authors: Hayes Catherine , Alcorn Lisa , Graham Yitka 
Published: November 2018

This article provides an insight for healthcare assistants (HCAs) who may have limited knowledge of the implications of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) for their everyday practice working with patients and their families and carers. The role of HCAs in this context is invaluable in providing compassion, support and much–needed reassurance in the different contexts within which healthcare is delivered. This article provides a basic overview of what the common presentations of ASD are and this is framed in an understanding of why a key consideration for patients living with the condition and their families and carers is where care is provided. Via raising awareness of how adaptations to HCA practice might best be made to facilitate high–quality care, the paper simultaneously raises the need for holistic management of a very vulnerable patient caseload. The article ends by facilitating HCAs in reflecting on their level of existing knowledge of autism and how they might better apply this in practice with patients living with the everyday challenges of ASD.
Masoński kod w twórczości Władimira Nabokowa. Próba interpretacji powieści „Zaproszenie na egzekucję” w kluczu symboliki masońskiej
Authors: Kortus Nadzieja 
Published: November 2018

This article is an attempt to interpet a work by Vladimir Nabokov, Invitation to a Beheading, with the most important determinants of Masonic culture. There are few studies that discuss this outstanding prose writer in terms of freemasonry and the author of this article discusses this issue with particular attention to the symbolism of the Masonic initiation ritual.
Magnitude and Nature of Gene Effects Controlling Oil Content and Quality Components in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)
Authors: Chahal Ravneet Kaur , Dhillon S. K. , Kandhola S. S. , Kaur Gurpreet , Kaila Vineeta , Tyagi Vikrant 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The present research aimed to study gene effects for oil content and fatty acid composition in sunflower. It involved a set of 92 hybrids developed by crossing four CMS lines with 23 perfect restorers. Experiment was conducted at experimental field area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The data was recorded on oil content and quality traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the traits studied. Among the lines; CMS 42A was observed to have higher significant positive gca effects for oil content, linoleic acid & linolenic acid and higher significant negative gca effects for palmitic acid and stearic acid, whereas, for oleic acid line, CMS 40A had higher positive gca effects. Among the testers, TSG 275 had higher significant positive gca effects for linolenic acid and significant negative gca effects for stearic acid. High positive gca effects for oleic acid and oil content were observed for TSG 331. The tester OPH 91 was good combiner with high positive gca effects for oleic acid and negative gca effects for palmitic acid, whereas, tester TSG 288 exhibited highest positive gca effects for linoleic acid. The best cross combinations; CMS 40A×TSG 259, CMS 607A×TSG 271 and CMS 40A×OPH 73 showed significant specific combining ability effects for oil content and cross CMS 40A×TSG 289 had significant specific combining ability for oleic acid and linoleic acid. The cross combination CMS 40A×TSG 259 is giving a significant jump of over 12 % against the current commercial check for oil percentage and for other quality traits more than 50 % over the standard check, which is significant for undertaking improvement of hybrid for oil quality.
Unterwegs mit Seehunden – Wie deren Sinnessysteme zu Orientierung, Navigation und Futtersuche beitragen
Authors: Hanke Frederike D. , Dehnhardt Guido 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Robben sind in ihrem Lebensraum, den Küstenregionen und Meeren, wohlorientiert und zeigen sich als erfolgreiche Jäger. Sowohl auf ihren Wanderungen zwischen Ruheplätzen und Futtergründen als auch beim Aufspüren von Beute leisten die Sinnessysteme der Robben gute Arbeit, obwohl sich die Robben und damit ihre Sinnessysteme in ihrem Lebensraum und aufgrund ihrer amphibischen Lebensweise mit einigen Herausforderungen konfrontiert sehen. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die bisher vorhandenen Informationen über die Sinnessysteme der Robben und über spezifische Anpassungen der Sinne an Lebensraum und -weise im ersten Kapitel zusammengetragen und im letzten Kapitel kritisch beleuchtet. Hierbei wird der Fokus auf die Erkenntnisse gelegt, die über die Sinne des Seehunds erhalten wurden, da der Seehund durch intensive Erforschung in den letzten Jahrzehnten zum Modellorganismus innerhalb der Robben hinsichtlich der Sinnesorgane wurde. Im zweiten und dritten Kapitel werden dann die sensorischen Grundlagen in Bezug zu Orientierung, Navigation und Futtersuche gesetzt. Dies ermöglicht auch das Aufzeigen von Fragenstellungen, z. B. wie und wo die Informationen einzelner Sinne integriert werden.
Die Blut-Hirn-Schranke und ihre Rolle in der Alzheimer – Krankheit
Authors: Storck Steffen E. , Pietrzik Claus U. 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Blut-Hirn-Schranke (BHS) wird durch die Interaktion verschiedener Zelltypen in zerebralen Gefäßen gebildet und übernimmt eine zentrale Rolle in der Homöostase des Gehirns. Als Pförtner des Zentralen Nervensystems (ZNS) kontrolliert sie ständig den Austausch von Stoffen zwischen Blut und Gehirn. In vielen neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen, wie beispielsweise der Alzheimer-Demenz (AD), weist die BHS Veränderungen auf, welche die Funktion des Gehirns stören und eine Degeneration dessen fördern. Die BHS ist somit essenziell für das gesunde Gehirn. Durch Abtransport potenziell toxischer Amyloid-beta Peptide (Aβ) reguliert die BHS die Konzentration von löslichem Aβ in der interstitiellen Flüssigkeit (ISF) des Gehirns und ist somit ein wichtiger Beseitungsmechanismus, um diese loszuwerden. In diesem Artikel sollen sowohl Aufbau als auch die physiologischen Besonderheiten der zerebralen Gefäße besprochen werden, sowie auf die pathologischen Veränderungen eingegangen werden, die bei der AD auftreten und somit die Funktion der BHS stören.
On Jordan triple (σ,τ)-higher derivation of triangular algebra
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad , Jabeen Aisha , Parveen Nazia 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring with unity, A = Tri(A,M,B) be a triangular algebra consisting of unital algebras A,B and (A,B)-bimodule M which is faithful as a left A-module and also as a right B-module. In this article,we study Jordan triple (σ,τ)-higher derivation onAand prove that every Jordan triple (σ,τ)-higher derivation on A is a (σ,τ)-higher derivation on A.
First record of Steindachnerina insculpta (Fern&aacute;ndez-Y&eacute;pez, 1948)&nbsp;(Characiformes, Curimatidae) in Argentina
Authors: Aguilera Gastón , Terán Guillermo E. , Alonso Felipe , Mirande J. Marcos 
Published: November 2018

Recent expeditions to northwestern Argentina revealed the presence of an unknown species of Curimatidae for the Bermejo river basin. The morphometric and meristic analyses of these specimens allow us to identify them as Steindachnerina insculpta (Fernández-Yépez, 1948), which is here reported for the first time in Argentina
Adjetivos graduais e a interpretação de maximizadores e minimizadores / Gradable Adjectives and the Interpretation of Maximizers and Minimizers
Authors: Souza Luisandro Mendes de 
Published: November 2018

Resumo: O objetivo principal do artigo é mostrar que a distinção entre adjetivos graduais relativos e absolutos é relevante gramaticalmente em português, e o objetivo secundário é discutir a interpretação dos maximizadores como completamente e dos minimizadores como ligeiramente. Aplicamos os testes propostos por Kennedy (2007) e verificamos que os modificadores completamente e ligeiramente são sensíveis à estrutura da escala, como previsto. Contudo, diferentemente do inglês, os adjetivos relativos em português aceitam a modificação pelo minimizador ligeiramente na leitura gradual. Mostramos que isso é um efeito da sua semântica, que é sensível a padrões mínimos (sejam eles contextuais ou lexicais). Identificamos também que a classe dos adjetivos que geram escalas fechadas possui duas subclasses: pares como cheio/vazio possuem uma escala com lacuna extensional; enquanto um par como aberto/fechado possui transição natural entre os polos. Sobre a semântica dos modificadores, vemos que completamente possui duas leituras, uma mereológica e uma gradual, enquanto ligeiramente, além da leitura gradual, produz uma leitura pragmática de atenuação.Palavras-chave: semântica; adjetivos graduais; atenuadores; maximizadores.Abstract: The first aim of the paper is to show that the distinction between relative gradable adjectives and absolute gradable adjectives has grammatical import in Portuguese and the second aim is to discuss the interpretation of maximizers like completamente 'completely' and minimizers like ligeiramente ‘slightly’. We applied the tests suggested in Kennedy (2007) and we verified that the modifiers completamente and ligeiramente are sensitive to the adjectival scale structure, as predicted. However, unlike English, relative adjectives in Portuguese accept the modification by ligeiramente in the degree reading. We show that this is yield by its semantics, which is sensitive to minimum standards (being them contextual or lexical). We identified that the class of adjectives which have closed scales has two subclasses: pairs like cheio/vazio 'full/empty' have an extension gap; while pairs like aberto/fechado 'open/closed' have a natural transition between the sides of the scale. On the modifiers semantics, we saw that completely has two readings, one mereological and another gradable, whereas ligeiramente, besides the degree reading, yields a pragmatic attenuation reading.Keywords: semantics; gradable adjectives; attenuators; maximizers.