bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leukodystrophy caused by plasmalogen deficiency rescued by glyceryl 1‐myristyl ether treatment
Authors: Malheiro Ana R. , Correia Barbara , Ferreira da Silva Tiago , Bessa‐Neto Diogo , Van Veldhoven Paul P. , Brites Pedro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlasmalogens are the most abundant form of ether phospholipids in myelin and their deficiency causes Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata (RCDP), a severe developmental disorder. Using the Gnpat‐knockout (KO) mouse as a model of RCDP, we determined the consequences of a plasmalogen deficiency during myelination and myelin homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). We unraveled that the lack of plasmalogens causes a generalized hypomyelination in several CNS regions including the optic nerve, corpus callosum and spinal cord. The defect in myelin content evolved to a progressive demyelination concomitant with generalized astrocytosis and white matter‐selective microgliosis. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) and mature oligodendrocytes were abundant in the CNS of Gnpat KO mice during the active period of demyelination. Axonal loss was minimal in plasmalogen‐deficient mice, although axonal damage was observed in spinal cords from aged Gnpat KO mice. Characterization of the plasmalogen‐deficient myelin identified myelin basic protein and septin 7 as early markers of dysmyelination, whereas myelin‐associated glycoprotein was associated with the active demyelination phase. Using in vitro myelination assays, we unraveled that the intrinsic capacity of oligodendrocytes to ensheath and initiate membrane wrapping requires plasmalogens. The defect in plasmalogens was rescued with glyceryl 1‐myristyl ether [1‐O‐tetradecyl glycerol (1‐O‐TDG)], a novel alternative precursor in the plasmalogen biosynthesis pathway. 1‐O‐TDG treatment rescued myelination in plasmalogen‐deficient oligodendrocytes and in mutant mice. Our results demonstrate the importance of plasmalogens for oligodendrocyte function and myelin assembly, and identified a novel strategy to promote myelination in nervous tissue.
Can reporting more lead to less? The role of metrics in assessing liver transplant program performance
Authors: Mikolajczyk Adam E. , Rao Vijaya L. , Diaz Geraldine C. , Renz John F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAppropriate metrics for performance analysis is an active topic of debate within the transplant community. This study explores current proposals on metric expansion as well as potential metrics and prospective collaborations that have not received widespread discussion within the transplant community. The premature introduction of additional, nonvalidated metrics risks behaviors that may undermine donor utilization and patient access to transplantation.
Vegetation type controls root turnover in global grasslands
Authors: Wang Jinsong , Sun Jian , Yu Zhen , Li Yong , Tian Dashuan , Wang Bingxue , Li Zhaolei , Niu Shuli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimRoot turnover is an important process determining carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. It is an established fact that root turnover is jointly regulated by climatic, edaphic and biotic factors. However, the relative importance of these forces in determining the global patterns of root turnover time is far from clear.LocationGlobal.Time period1946–2017.Major taxa studiedGrasslands.MethodsWe compiled a database of 141 sites with 433 observations on root turnover time and applied structural equation modelling (SEM) to investigate the relative contribution of climate, soil properties and vegetation type to the observed variations in root turnover time.ResultsRoot turnover time was 3.1 years on average across the global grasslands and differed significantly among grassland types (tropical grassland and savanna, temperate grassland and meadow, alpine grassland and meadow, tundra and desert). It decreased with mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation and Palmer drought severity index but increased with soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen content and carbon : nitrogen ratio. Soil bulk density and soil texture also significantly affected root turnover time, with clay content negatively correlating to root turnover time and explaining more variations than bulk density and sand content. The SEM showed that climatic factors had dominant effects on root turnover time when vegetation type was not considered. Vegetation type became the primary driver when it was included in the SEM.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that the influences of climatic and edaphic factors on root turnover time are predominantly manifested through vegetation type. The critical role of precipitation as revealed for the first time in this study challenges our current understanding of climate impacts on root turnover time. The findings necessitate accurate representation of vegetation type in Earth system models to predict root function dynamics under global change.
Resource use and outcomes in patients with dialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease admitted to intensive care
Authors: Secombe Paul , Chiang Pei‐Ying , Pawar Basant ,   on behalf of the Alice Springs Hospital Renal‐ICU Research Group
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCentral Australia (CA) has a high prevalence of haemodialysis‐dependent chronic kidney disease (CKD5D). CKD5D is associated with an increased need for critical care services.AimsTo describe the demographic features, critical care resource use and outcomes of patients with CKD5D requiring intensive care admission in CA.MethodsRetrospective matched cohort database study. Patients with CKD5D who required admission for critical illness between 1 July 2015 and 30 June 2016 were identified using the Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Outcome Measurement and Evaluation Tool (CORE COMET) and matched with patients without CKD5D. The primary outcome was all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes explored use of critical care and other ongoing healthcare use.ResultsThere were 621 critical care admissions during the study period. Of these, CKD5D patients comprised 88 admissions (14%), representing 63 patients. Compared to matched controls, these patients had a similar mortality at a median follow up of 463 days (17% vs 22%, P = 0.50) which did not change when patients with an intensive care unit length of stay (ICU LoS) less than 4 days were excluded. CKD5D patients had a shorter median ICU LoS (1.3 vs 2.9). Although those with CKD5D had higher healthcare resource use, the rate of utilisation remained unchanged by their ICU admission.ConclusionsThis retrospective observational matched cohort study examining the burden of disease amongst CKD5D patients in CA suggests that there is no additional mortality burden in this group, nor do they require significantly higher critical care resources compared to a matched cohort.
Preferential prescribing of linagliptin in type 2 diabetes patients in an expanded post‐marketing surveillance study in Japan
Authors: Fazeli Farsani Soulmaz , Taniguchi Atsushi , Ikeda Rie , Brodovicz Kimberly G , Bartels Dorothee B 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate linagliptin prescribing in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different comorbidities, an expanded Japanese post‐marketing surveillance also collected baseline data for patients initiating other glucose‐lowering drugs.Materials and MethodsPatients initiating linagliptin monotherapy were enrolled, then the next patient starting monotherapy with another glucose‐lowering drug was enrolled (2012–2014). Baseline data were collected and analyzed by the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities system organ class. Analyses were descriptive, and meaningful differences defined as absolute standardized difference >10%.ResultsOver 4,200 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were enrolled. Most system‐organ class comorbidities were more common in patients initiating linagliptin versus other glucose‐lowering drugs, with meaningful differences observed for metabolism/nutritional (50.5 vs 45.5%, respectively), cardiac (12.2 vs 8.6%, respectively), vascular (56.4 vs 51.3%, respectively) and renal/urinary disorders (9.9 vs 5.7%, respectively).ConclusionsExpanding the linagliptin Japanese post‐marketing surveillance revealed linagliptin prescribing to a type 2 diabetes mellitus population with more comorbidities versus other glucose‐lowering drugs. Although such preferential prescribing might be expected, as linagliptin requires no dose adjustment or monitoring in renally or hepatically impaired patients, this innovative post‐marketing surveillance approach generated important evidence that could only be shown in such a non‐randomized comparative study. These data generated insights important for the design and interpretation of observational studies and spontaneous reports, which are key for public health.
Do stroke patients screened as lower‐nutritional‐risk still receive dietitian assessment if indicated? A retrospective evaluation of two dietetic models of care for adult stroke patients
Authors: Porter C. , Coleman E. , Ross L. , Palmer M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundDietetic models of care at Logan Hospital changed from all patients with a confirmed stroke receiving dietitian assessment (Old pathway) to only those patients screened as high‐nutritional‐risk (Modified pathway). However, it was unknown whether all low‐nutritional‐risk patients who were indicated for dietitian assessment for nutrition support actually received assessment. This pre–post retrospective study evaluated whether the Old pathway and the Modified pathway were equally effective in identifying low‐nutritional‐risk stroke patients who were indicated for dietitian assessment and compared the time spent providing Dietetic care.MethodsFor both pathways, medical charts were reviewed for low‐nutritional‐risk patients admitted between December 2012 and November 2017 with a confirmed stroke, who were given a standard food and fluid diet code and scored MST < 2 (Malnutrition Screening Tool) on admission. Data collected included demographics, anthropometrics, malnutrition assessment, dietetic intervention and time spent caring for patients. Malnutrition‐related clinical indicators were used to classify patients as either Dietitian Assessment for Nutrition Support Indicated or Not Indicated.ResultsLow‐nutritional‐risk patients were similar on the Old (n = 180) and Modified (n = 206) pathways [mean (SD) 66 (13) years, 63% male, 4% malnutrition]. Those classified as Dietitian Assessment for Nutrition Support Indicated (n = 61 of 180) were older, had a longer length of stay (P < 0.05), and were all identified by the Dietitian on both pathways. Ten minutes less dietetic time per patient was required on the Modified pathway (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe Modified Nutrition Stroke pathway performed more efficiently than the Old pathway and was equally effective at ensuring that stroke patients who were determined as being low‐nutritional‐risk received dietitian assessment during admission if indicated.
Symptom experiences and health‐related quality of life among non‐small cell lung cancer patients participating in clinical trials
Authors: Lee Kyunghwa , Oh Eui Geum , Kim Sanghee , Kim Sang‐We 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the levels of symptom experiences and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients participating in clinical trials, and to identify the factors influencing their HRQOL.BackgroundIt has known that lung cancer patients experience more symptoms than other cancer patients. With the introduction of new treatment for NSCLC patients, the patients have experienced different types of symptoms and it could influence their HRQOL.DesignA cross‐sectional study design was adopted.MethodsOne hundred and eighteen NSCLC patients enrolled in clinical trials at two Korean tertiary hospitals participated in this study. Participants completed the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS) and the Short‐Form Health Survey 36 (SF‐36) version 2. Demographic, disease‐related and clinical trial‐related characteristics were collected. Descriptive statistics, t test, Mann–Whitney test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used for data analysis. STROBE checklist was applied as the reporting guideline for this study (see Supporting Information File S1).ResultsThe total MSAS score was relatively low, and “lack of energy” was the highest symptom level in frequency, severity and distress. The level of physical HRQOL was higher than the cut‐off score, and the level of mental HRQOL was lower than the cut‐off score. The factors affecting physical HRQOL were symptom experience, performance status and smoking history. The factors affecting mental HRQOL were symptom experiences and family income.ConclusionsSymptom experience was a main affecting factor of physical and mental HRQOL. Interventions for relieving symptom experiences should be developed, and performance status, smoking history and financial burden of lung cancer patients should be considered in clinical settings.Relevance to clinical practiceHRQOL may be improved by reducing the level of symptom experience. Healthcare professionals should assess patients’ symptom experience and develop patient‐centred symptom management programmes.
The Characteristics of Effective Staff Teams in Disability Services
Authors: Gomes Martin F. , McVilly Keith R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPeople with autism and other developmental disabilities are often supported by staff teams in accommodation, day support, and employment services. Although the literature outlines a number of individual staff characteristics that can influence the “quality of support,” there is a paucity of research investigating the characteristics of teams as a whole. Given the emphasis placed on “team work” in human services, this study investigated what constitutes the characteristics of an effective team in disability services. An online Delphi study was employed, whereby disability support staff and their managers answered a series of surveys to build a consensus as to “what constitutes an effective team.” The emerging consensus was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, descriptive statistics, and the intraclass correlation coefficient. A consensus emerged concerning three core elements which combined constituted an effective staff team. In order of importance, these were a shared focus on client outcomes, effective leadership, and good communication among the team. However, a range of additional factors were also identified. These represented additional considerations that were, in the opinion of the participants, also important to building and maintaining an effective team. Focusing on client outcomes, fostering effective leadership, and ensuring good communication are necessary, but insufficient to establish an effective staff team. The implications are discussed in the context of policy development concerning staff recruitment, team development, supervision, and service evaluation.
Evidence for multiple 4.0–3.7 Ga impact events within the Apollo 16 collection
Authors: Niihara Takafumi , Beard Sky P. , Swindle Timothy D. , Schaffer Lillian A. , Miyamoto Hideaki , Kring David A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn a histogram of lunar impact ages from the Apollo 16 site, there is a spike circa 3.9 Ga that has been interpreted to represent either a large number of nearly synchronous events or an abundance of samples that were affected slightly differently by the event that produced the Imbrium basin. To further scrutinize those age relationships, we extracted six centimeter‐sized clasts of impact melt from ancient regolith breccia 60016 and performed petrological and geochronological (40Ar‐39Ar) analyses. Three clasts have similar poikilitic textures, while others have porphyritic, aphanitic, or intergranular textures. Compositions and abundances of relict minerals are different in all six clasts and variously imply Mg‐suite and ferroan anorthosite target sequences. Estimated bulk compositions of four clasts are similar to previously defined group 1 Apollo 16 impact melt rocks, while the other two have higher Al2O3and lower FeO+MgO compositions. All six clasts have similar K2O and P2O5concentrations, which could have been derived from aKREEP‐bearing component among target sequences. Eighteen40Ar/39Ar analyses of the six clasts produced an age range from 3823 ± 75 to 4000 ± 23 Ma, consistent with estimates for the proposed late heavy bombardment. Four clasts have multiple temperature steps that define plateau ages. These ages are distinct, so they cannot be explained by a single impact event, such as the one that produced the Imbrium impact basin. The conclusion that these represent distinct ages remains after considering the possibility of artifacts in defining plateaus.
Transphobia rather than education predicts provider knowledge of transgender health care
Authors: Stroumsa Daphna , Shires Deirdre A , Richardson Caroline R , Jaffee Kim D , Woodford Michael R 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTransgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients face significant hurdles in accessing affirming, knowledgeable care. Lack of provider knowledge presents a substantial barrier to both primary and transition‐related care and may deter patients from seeking health care. Little is known about factors that affect provider knowledge or whether exposure to TGD health content during training is associated with improved knowledge among providers. Using the TGD Healthcare Knowledge Scale, this study aimed to determine whether prior education on TGD health predicts clinicians’ current knowledge regarding health care for TGD patients.MethodsAn online survey examining exposure to TGD content and knowledge of TGD health care was distributed to all primary care providers in an integrated health care system in the Midwestern United States. Multivariable linear regression was used to predict provider knowledge, controlling for demographics, transphobia and other potential confounders.ResultsThe response rate was 57.3% (n = 223). The mean knowledge score was 7.41 (SD = 1.31) on a 10‐point scale. Almost half (48.4%, n = 108) had no formal education on TGD health care, yet half (49.7%, n = 111) of providers reported previously caring for at least one transgender patient. In regression analysis, provider knowledge of TGD health care was associated with transphobia (β = −0.377, 95% CI = −0.559 to −0.194, p < 0.001), but not with hours of formal education (β = −0.027, 95% CI = −0.077 to 0.023, p = 0.292) or informal education (β = −0.012, 95% CI = −0.033 to 0.009, p = 0.259).ConclusionsIncreasing hours of education related to TGD health care may not be sufficient to improve providers’ competence in care for TGD individuals. Transphobia may be a barrier to learning that needs to be addressed. Broader efforts to address transphobia in society in general, and in medical education in particular, may be required to improve the quality of medical care for TGD patients.
Is meta‐synthesis turning rich descriptions into thin reductions? A criticism of meta‐aggregation as a form of qualitative synthesis
Authors: Bergdahl Elisabeth 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMeta‐synthesis of qualitative research can be an important way to consolidate and grow nursing knowledge and theory. However, from recent readings of such works in the nursing literature, one can observe that there is increasing use of meta‐synthesis being used as a way to simply aggregate qualitative research findings in a manner claimed to be similar to quantitative meta‐research while also remaining compatible with the qualitative research tradition. The aim of this paper is to discuss whether this meta‐aggregation form of research has a sound epistemological foundation and should be considered a viable form of meta‐synthesis. The conclusion drawn is that meta‐aggregation falls short of being a sound method and is not compatible with the qualitative research philosophy. It is also concluded that meta‐aggregation should not be seen as a form of qualitative meta‐synthesis. Meta‐synthesis is best understood as a way to re‐interpret, compare and translate disparate qualitative studies using different conceptual apparatus into a consolidated knowledge of fundamental importance to nursing care practitioners. To conclude, aggregating qualitative research tends to turn rich descriptions into thin abstractions that are of little use to nursing practice knowledge and does not advance nursing science.
Overexpression of ephrinB2 in stem cells from apical papilla accelerates angiogenesis
Authors: Yuan Changyong , Wang Penglai , Zhu Shaoyue , Liu Zongxiang , Wang Wen , Geng Tengyu , Dissanayaka Waruna Lakmal , Jin Lijian , Zhang Chengfei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to accelerate angiogenesis in pulp regeneration by modulating ephrinB2 expression in stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs).Materials and MethodsStem cells from apical papilla were transducted with ephrinB2‐lentiviral expression vector (ephrinB2‐SCAPs) in experimental group and green fluorescent protein (GFP‐SCAPs) in control group. The transduction efficiency was confirmed by real‐time PCR and Western blot assays. MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferative capacity of SCAPs after transduction. In vitro Matrigel assay and in vivo Matrigel plug assay were carried out to evaluate the angiogenic capacity.ResultsResults showed that ephrinB2‐SCAPs had significantly higher ephrinB2 expression than GFP‐SCAPs. EphrinB2‐SCAPs upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion under hypoxia. In vitro Matrigel assay demonstrated that human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cocultured with ephrinB2‐SCAPs under hypoxia formed vascular‐like structures earlier than GFP‐SCAPs. Animal experiments confirmed that SCAPs co‐transplanted with HUVECs enabled to generate greater amount of blood vessels than SCAPs alone. EphrinB2‐SCAPs produced increased number of blood vessels with references to GFP‐SCAPs, and those co‐transplanted with HUVECs generated vessels with larger and functional tubule volumes.ConclusionsRegulating ephrinB2 expression in SCAPs may act as a new avenue for enhancing angiogenesis in dental pulp regeneration.
Ethnographic insights into competing forms of co‐production: A case study of the politics of street trees in a northern English city
Authors: Flinders Matthew , Wood Matthew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to explore the link between different notions of co‐production. It seeks to emphasise the underlying politics of co‐production in the sense of who defines co‐production, especially in relation to initial decisions concerning which specific policy areas are deemed suitable for codesigning, cocreating, or codelivering with services users or local communities. We argue that the rejection of co‐production by government may inflame political resentment and reconfirm negative pre‐existing attitudes about “the establishment.” This is particularly problematic when politicians have promoted the rhetoric of “inclusive governance,” “sharing power,” or “delegating power” but then reject the co‐productive claims emerging from such statements. The study contributes to existing work by analysing what happens when co‐productive structures are terminated or when public protests demand the reinstitutionalisation of those relationships. We make this contribution by presenting findings from an ethnographic case study involving street trees in a large English city. We suggest these specific findings have a broader relevance.