bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Grouping of Wells Combining Geological Compartmentalization and Surface Facilities
Authors: Bose Sushanta , Balasubramanian Sriram , Alzahabi Ahmed , Chen Peila , Thakur Ganesh C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA hybrid approach, incorporating subsurface geology, reservoir properties, production behavior, as well as surface facilities, was applied to field X to define three separate areas for efficient reservoir asset management.Field X has a total of about 80 wells with 69 producing wells. They produce from two stacked, good quality, unconsolidated, fine-grained, Eocene age, fluvio-deltaic sandstones, namely E1 and E2. Average porosity and permeability of the reservoirs are 24% and 400mD, respectively. 3D-seismic was used to map reservoirs, faults, reservoir quality, and hydrocarbon saturations. The latter two were calibrated with petrophysical results.Large faults, trending NE-SW, dissect the field but the reservoir communication among the fault blocks is evident from the pressure data and similar depths of fluid contacts throughout the field. Although nonsealing, these faults significantly influenced the hydrocarbon accumulations in different areas.Simultaneously, the network and conditions of the three OCFs (oil collection facility) were studied. A multi-disciplinary approach was employed to compare and combine the surface networks with the subsurface reservoir character and productions. Consequently, three areas-X1, X2 and X3, were defined. The area boundaries are marked mainly by the major faults.Thickness, net sand, effective porosity, and seismic attribute maps show that the reservoir quality is better in areas X1 and X3 than X2. This leads to faster fluid movement, including water and gas encroachment. Moreover, a shale barrier that helps to prevent water invasion, is thinner in the X1. Therefore, wells from X1 show declining oil production due to high water cut and majority are on artificial lift. X3-wells show relatively steady but gradually declining oil production with some high water-cut- wells and with a few wells on artificial lift. X2 wells display strong oil production, with low water cut and low GOR. These differences in reservoir behavior is reflected in the production plots.Surface facilities and subsurface characterization were two silos of the operating organization. However, reservoir segments with similar geological and reservoir properties are expected to yield similar production performance. Therefore, this approach to combine wells that are similar based on reservoir, under the same OCF is enabling effective and efficient implementation of reservoir management strategies that are defined specifically for each segment of the reservoirs.
An Innovative Design and Construction Method of New-Build Hull-Platform for Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading
Authors: Tanaka S. , Takano K. , Sogawa Y. , Nakamura K. , Inoue T. , Mori M. , Otonari M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The demand for new-build FPSO hulls is increasing in order to reduce operational and maintenance cost and to install larger topside modules compared with tanker conversion FPSOs. However, low construction cost and fast-track construction are also required to the new-build FPSO as with the conversion FPSO, and they are challenging problems.
In order to cope with those challenging problems, Mitsui E&S Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. were developed unique modular design and construction concept with simplified hull form, "noah-FPSO Hull" (noah : New Offshore Adapted Hull), and obtained Approval in Principle for the noah-FPSO Hull from two world leading classification societies, Bureau Veritas and American Bureau of Shipping.
Its concept for unique modular design and multi-yard construction were introduced [1]. This paper presents specific modular design and adaptability for various oil fields.
Electromechanical Remotely Operated Barrier Valve Used in Multiple Operations Globally: A Decade in Review
Authors: Thomson Barry , Smith Gary , Brown Irvine 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper discusses a cost-reducing technology that has been used globally in multiple well construction and abandonment applications. The electromechanical remotely operated barrier valve is designed to maximize operational efficiencies and create savings by decreasing valuable rig time from applications. The remote-control operation is facilitated by preprogrammed pressure and timer sequences and is easily tailored to the well conditions and tasks to be performed. This paper discusses field data from applications where the technology has been used and the value created in each case.
The remotely operated barrier valve has been deployed in multiple applications, including completion deployment, well suspension, zonal isolation, decommissioning, and as a replacement for ball-drop valves. The valve uses onboard decision-making electronics and is a retrievable, computer-controlled ball valve that can be repeatedly opened and closed by remote command. No connections to the surface or well interventions are necessary to communicate with and operate the valve. The valve is predominantly deployed below a lock mandrel or retrievable bridge plug. With each function of the valve, an intervention is eliminated from the operation, dramatically reducing rig time and the associated operational and health, safety, and environmental (HSE) risks.
The first field installation for the remotely operated barrier valve was in February 2008 for an operator in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea; since then, the valve has been used on more than 600 installations by 40 separate operators in greater than 20 countries. With approximately 1,400 remote activations to date, it has effectively reduced well intervention costs whilst reducing the operational and HSE risks associated with these operations.
Well construction efficiencies and cost savings remain a top priority in an industry where the challenge is no longer to maximize production but to reduce production costs and operational expenditures (OPEX) because of lower oil prices. The use of remotely operated barrier valves has been successfully addressing this challenge for the last decade.
SCORCH JIP - Overview of Project and Summary of Findings
Authors: Potts Andrew , Kurts Phil , Jayasinghe Kanishka , Kilner Andrew , Melchers Rob , Lee Tim , Chaplin Richard 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Operators have, in the past, experienced high rates of corrosion for mooring systems in warm waters above those allowed for in traditional design guidance. The Joint Industry Project (JIP) for Seawater Corrosion of wire Rope and mooring Chain (SCORCH) was carried out with the participation of over twenty five offshore platform operators, equipment manufacturers, regulators and classification societies to address gaps in industry knowledge on the corrosion of steel wire rope and mooring chain, particularly in tropical waters.
The five-year project involved a broad range of research from literature review through to field experiments, examination of recovered in-service components and derivation of generalised corrosion models. Coupons of several grades of chain were deployed for a two year period at a number of sites to account for variation in temperature, oxygenation, current/wave action and water quality. Full-size chain links and lengths of smaller chain were also deployed for comparison, with special laboratory tests to investigate the effect of nutrient content on microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Wire rope tests were carried out for a similar variation of environmental conditions as the chain tests. A range of specimens including individual wire strands, and wire rope sections with varying levels of blocking compound, jacketing and galvanic protection were subject to exposure for a period of three years and 6 months.
An extensive industry-wide survey of in-service and retired mooring components was also carried out to supplement these experiments. A standardised procedure for corrosion inspection was distributed to participants and a database of detailed wire rope and chain corrosion measurements was collated from approximately 30 floating production units (FPUs) operating in tropical waters in Asia, Africa and the Americas. Some recovered specimens were subject to more extensive examination, including 3D laser scanning and tensile break tests.
The SCORCH JIP advanced knowledge in the field of mooring corrosion by providing guidance on inspection and integrity management methodologies, unique insight into the factors affecting the corrosion performance of steel wire rope and mooring chain, and generalised predictive corrosion models for the assessment of mooring corrosion. These recommendations are presented in the following paper.
A New Method Based on Simulation Experiment to Evaluate Subsea Wellhead Stability of Drilling from Gas Hydrate Sediments in Deep Water
Authors: Li Lilin , Yang Jin , Zhou Guodong , Yan Li , Yin Qishuai , Zhou Bo , Wang Lei , Ke Ke 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The gas hydrate dissociation may cause subsidence of the subsea wellhead and conductor during the drilling behavior in gas hydrate sediments. This paper proposed a new method based on simulation experiment to evaluate subsea wellhead stability of drilling in gas hydrate sediments in deep-water.
The experiment was investigated in a high-pressure gas hydrate autoclave at 4°C and 15Mpa to simulate submarine environment. The process involved generating gas hydrate in the autoclave, inserting a double-layer assembled pipe and circulating fluid in it to simulate the drilling process. The influence of temperature variation to the bearing capacity and subsea wellhead subsidence were researched. There are 81 groups of experiments were conducted in both strongly and weakly consolidated gas hydrate sediments with the saturation of 18.2%, 26.5%, 38%.
The results show that wellhead subsidence in the simulation experiment consists of 3 stages. Starting stage: the radius of the hydrate dissociation increases with the rise of the formation temperature; the wellhead starts to subside. Accelerating stage: the wellhead subsidence accelerates when the formation temperature rises to an inflexion value. The higher saturation and weaker consolidation of the hydrate lead to the more subsidence of the subsea wellhead. Stabilization stage: the wellhead subsidence tends to be stable after the temperature exceeds the acceleration range. This suggests that there is a drilling fluid temperature window to keep the wellhead stable that can be determined by the wellhead load physical and mechanics parameters of the hydrate. For instance: the safe drilling fluid temperature window is from 4°C to 8.15°C during drilling in the weakly consolidated hydrate sediments with the saturation of 38%. The experiment was carried out to verify that comparing with the normal temperature drilling fluid, the wellhead subsidence decreases 92% if using the drilling fluid temperature in the safety drilling fluid temperature window.
The novelty of this paper is to propose the safe drilling fluid temperature window based on a series of drilling simulation experiments to keep the subsea wellhead stable during drilling in the gas hydrate sediments in deep water. The drilling fluid temperature can be controlled in this window, which can reduce the risks of the wellhead subsidence, improve the wellhead stability and ensure the safety of the drilling operation.
VIV-Mitigating Buoyancy Module Performance Characterization Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Lai Lawrence S. H. 
Published: April 2018

A new design of drill riser buoyancy is introduced with tri-helical grooves formed into the module. The primary purpose is to mitigate vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of the riser string which is a significant factor in causing riser cyclic stress and fatigue damage.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to simulate the buoyancy module hydrodynamic behavior. A range of representative offshore environments is considered using a Reynolds-averaged (k-epsilon) turbulence model in 3-dimensional space. The hydrodynamic performance is mainly characterized in terms of the in-line and cross-flow drag coefficients (Cdk, Cdy) and lift coefficients (Cl).
The CFD results show comparable drag coefficients with tow-tank testing data performed at SINTEF in Trondheim, Norway in July 2017. Cdx is shown to be consistent at approximately 0.60 – 0.65 for the Re = 105 – 107 range whereas Cdy and Cl approximates zero and is negligible. This, evaluated from a global riser perspective, means the riser has a predictably consistent drag performance with little variation in cross-flow and axial motion. The helical grooves form channels that divert flow axially away from the free-field flow directions which functions to disrupt regular flow order. This prevents the formation of a von Karman vortex street which is a requirement for vortex-induced vibration. The omni-directional nature of the helical grooves ensures this mechanism for breaking regular flow is achievable regardless of the environmental current direction acting on the riser.
VIV is an increasingly significant problem with deep-water exploration in harsh weather environments. The new buoyancy design provides passive vortex shedding mitigation to top-tensioned risers which would reduce the propensity of VIV occurrence.
Wave-Current Blockage: Reduced Forces for the Re-Assessment of Ageing Space-Frame Offshore Structures
Authors: Santo H. , Taylor P. H. , Day A. H. , Nixon E. , Choo Y. S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper summarises extensive research work on the accurate calculation of extreme loads from waves and current on space-frame offshore structures. Although relevant to new builds, improved prediction of extreme loads is also key to the re-assessment of old and ageing offshore platforms.Current blockage is a field effect. Due to the presence of the rest of the structure, the flow velocity on each structural member is reduced on average leading to smaller overall loads. The first model to account for this ‘current blockage’ was first proposed by Taylor [1], and incorporated into standard industry practice (API, DNV and ISO). This is a simple improvement to the original Morison equation (Morison et al. [2]), which predicts forces using the undisturbed open ocean flow properties.New work shows that unsteady large waves on top of a steady current introduces additional blockage, interpreted as wave-current blockage. Large-scale laboratory experiments have been used to validate numerical force calculations. This paper describes a numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of a porous block with embedded Morison drag and inertia stresses distributed over the enclosed volume of the space-frame as a global representation. At a local member scale, the standard Morison equation is used, but on the local flow. This local flow speed is reduced because of overall interaction between the structural members interpreted as resulting from a distributed array of obstacle. Since the Morison equation is semi-empirical, drag and inertia coefficients are still required, consistent with present industry practice. This new method should be useful for assessing the overall structural load resistance and integrity in extreme wave and current conditions when survivability is in question.Results are presented from recent large-scale experiments on a scaled (1:80) jacket model in the Kelvin Hydrodynamics Laboratory in Glasgow. These tests cover force measurements on both a jacket (stiff, statically-responding) and the same model restrained on springs to mimic structural dynamics (the first mode of a deep-water jacket, the second mode of a compliant tower or the first mode of a jack-up). For a jacket structure under all range of wave and current conditions, only a single pair of values of Morison drag and inertia coefficients is required to reproduce the complete total force-time histories on the jacket model. This is in contrast to the present industry practice whereby different Morison drag coefficients are required in order to fit the measured peak forces over the wide range of cases considered. For the dynamic tests, we find that the relative velocity formulation of the Morison equation for space-frame structures is valid for dynamically sensitive structures. All of these effects can be captured using our numerical porous block model.
Structural Health Monitoring for Offshore Wind Turbine Towers and Foundations
Authors: Rahim A. , Sparrevik P. , Mirdamadi A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of wind turbines can be used for verification and investigation of uncertainties in design, as well as provide input for possible future design optimization. It may also provide early warning of degradation. This allows for condition-based maintenance and status evaluation for possible lifetime extension or changed operational conditions (for example turbine modifications).
SHM monitoring applications include environmental loads, corrosion, natural frequencies and damping characteristics of foundations, stress concentrations, deformation, fatigue cycles, foundation scour, seabed stiffness, pore pressure and settlement.
Benefits of SHM are described with examples of case studies where monitoring made an important contribution to design improvements.
Advantages of integrated monitoring solutions are outlined where an intelligent combination of sensors can provide information of linked parameters and overall assessment of the structural health
Recommendations and examples of monitoring systems are described. These cover different foundation types with emphasis on the most significant monitoring aspects for the design of each foundation type.
This paper and the detailed report to BSEE provide useful guidelines on structural health monitoring of offshore wind turbine foundations where relevant industry standards presently are missing.
Integrated Emergency Management Platform Using IoT to Improve MEM
Authors: Booker Rachel , Benham Ralph 
Published: April 2018

We are presenting new tool for emergency response teams to enhance management of major emergencies as they occur. The tool (Real-time Emergency Situation Communications and Updates Exchange—RESCUE) augments communication and provides higher levels of situation awareness for offshore assets and their onshore support teams. It was developed to increase visibility, coordinate responses, and decisively resolve incidents with minimal consequences. RESCUE integrates onshore and offshore communications – a key benefit providing seamless and instant, coordinated response planning.
RESCUE utilizes an interactive display to track emergency incidents and tactical responses. It is intended to be rig, crew, and company specific in order to maximize effectiveness. The system is loaded with a given installation/facility's general arrangement drawings onto the interactive display – drawings can be generic or installation specific, depending on the desired level of customization. Additionally, RESCUE will also be loaded with company specific emergency response procedures and policies – allowing response teams to access checklists and pertinent documents instantly. Through the use of different icons (representing fire, smoke, Response Teams, injured persons, etc.) the Emergency Control Team is able to visually represent the incident's simulated conditions and response efforts in real-time on the interactive display. This macro level visualization allows the Emergency Manager to maintain high situation awareness, maximizing effective decision making. Possibly the biggest advantage, is the synchronization of offshore and shore side response efforts. Via RESCUE, the onshore emergency support team is able to visually observe real time incident updates. This exchange bridges communication gaps between the offshore and onshore response teams providing tighter response efforts for the offshore asset. RESCUE can be loaded on any smart device so key personnel can observe at any time, from any location. Where capable and permissible, the system can also access an installation's closed circuit cameras for direct observations of incidents as they occur.
RESCUE was initially developed to be used for emergency response training; however, as companies were exposed to the system, its capabilities have evolved. As its original intent was for training purposes, RESCUE is also capable of providing remote training in various settings such as on offshore installations or shore based control rooms. Given authorization, everything that the screen displays can be replicated making it possible for the training provider to facilitate remote emergency management training, exercises, and debriefs.
Transition to Practice for Graduate Assistant Athletic Trainers Providing Medical Care in the Secondary School Setting
Authors: Kirby Jessica L. , Walker Stacy E. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. 
Published: April 2018

Context:
Transition to clinical practice can be challenging for newly credentialed athletic trainers (ATs), who are expected to immediately step into their roles as autonomous clinicians. For those providing care in the secondary school setting, this transition may be complicated by the fact that many practice in isolation from other health care providers.

Objective:
To explore the transition to practice of newly credentialed graduate assistant ATs providing medical care in the secondary school.

Design:
Phenomenologic qualitative study.

Setting:
Secondary school.

Patients or Other Participants:
The 14 participants (2 men, 12 women; age = 23.3 ± 2.0 years) were employed in the secondary school setting through graduate assistantships, had been credentialed for less than 1 year, and had completed professional bachelor's degree programs.

Data Collection and Analysis:
We completed 14 semistructured phone interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A general inductive approach was used for data analysis. Trustworthiness was established through multiple-analyst triangulation, peer review, and member checks.

Results:
A period of uncertainty referred to a time during which participants were anxious as they began practicing independently. Legitimation through role engagement signified that as the period of uncertainty passed, participants developed more confidence in themselves and legitimation by engaging in their role. Acclimation through physician communication and professional relationships highlighted the importance of developing a relationship with the team physician, which provided a source of feedback and support for continued growth and confidence.

Conclusions:
To prepare for this period of uncertainty, educators and preceptors should encourage students to interact with members of the health care team and communicate with parents and coaches. Employers should implement initiatives to orient newly credentialed ATs to their roles, provide clear job expectations, and assign or assist with identifying mentors. Newly credentialed ATs should seek support from many different individuals, including the team physician, who can provide support, feedback, and encouragement.