bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organisational barriers to and facilitators for female surgeons’ career progression: a systematic review
Authors: Hirayama Megumi , Fernando Senaka 
Published: September 2018

Objective To identify organizational barriers to and facilitators for female surgeons' career progression. Design Systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies relating to organizational barriers to and facilitators for female Surgeons' career progression. After the quality assessment of the peer-reviewed journal articles, twelve articles were selected for full review. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes in these selected articles. Setting The studies solely focused on organizational factors linked to female physicians' career progression in surgical specialties. Partcipants Female surgeons. Main outcome measures Organizational barriers and facilitators Results Twelve peer-reviewed journal articles were included in the study which focused on barriers to female surgeons' career progression, ways of facilitating female surgeons' career progression, and female surgeons' job satisfaction. Conclusion The major organisational factors contributing to the lack of career progression for female surgeons are (1) organizational culture which promotes rigid career structure that is inclined to support male surgeons than female surgeons and also male domination in which male surgeons feel superior to female surgeons (2) work family conflict whereby women feel that they have to make a family sacrifice by being women; they experience the difficulty in securing a work-life balance in the masculine career structure in surgical specialties. This implies that policy makers and healthcare organizations need to pay significant attention to organizational facilitators for female surgeons' career progression such as flexible career pathways and work patterns, a variety of different viable career progressions, more family-friendly working conditions, and the promotion of female mentors and role models in surgical specialties to support female surgeons in dealing with the organizational barriers in the male-dominated organizational culture and the lifestyle issues as well.
The consequences of nurses’ endeavors to overcome inter-professional discrimination
Authors: Shohani Masoumeh 
Published: September 2018

Background: Discrimination in nursing has led to the formation of some taboos that often impact the individual’s professional development. Nurses use strategies to overcome discrimination that can lead to consequences. Research objective: This study assessed nurses’ experiences to explore the consequences of Iranian nurses’ strategies to overcome intra-professional discrimination. Research design: This qualitative content analysis study employed purposive sampling to reach 25 nurses working at educational hospitals in Tehran, Tabriz, and Ilam, Iran. The data were collected using deep and unstructured interviews along with notes in a period of time between April 2016 and May 2017. Interviews were simultaneously analyzed using inductive and conventional content analysis method after being transcribed. Ethical consideration: This study was approved by the Regional Committee of Medical Research Ethics. Also, voluntary participation, anonymity, and confidentiality were considered. Findings: Two themes emerged from our analysis due to consequences of nurses’ efforts to overcome intra-professional discrimination: “seeking justice” and “passivity.” Discussion: Nurses’ efforts to overcome professional discrimination have led to outcomes. These outcomes can be affect on their individual effort to achieve organizational goals, provide better care or feel disabling or nurses turnover. Conclusion: Strategies adopted by nurses to overcome intra-professional discrimination have led to consequences which vary from negative to positive and impact their performance.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Energy Consumption in Agriculture: A Causality Analysis for India
Authors: Ghosh Sudeshna 
Published: September 2018

This article utilises the vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality tests to explore short-run and long-run relationships, in India, across carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, agriculture value added (AV), trade liberalisation and financial development over the time period 1971–2013. The study adopts the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)-bound testing approach and Johansen–Juselius maximum likelihood procedure to find out the cointegrating relation among the variables. Both ARDL approach and Johansen–Juselius cointegration approach show that the concerned variables under study are cointegrated. Short-run Granger causality results indicate the existence of bidirectional causality between AV and CO2 emissions, and energy used and CO2 emissions. In the long-run trade, financial development, energy consumption and AV affect CO2 emissions. The results put thrust on the need to utilise energy-efficient technologies in agriculture to save the damage of the environment. JEL: C32, O53, Q43
Stroke prevalence among the Turkish population in a rural area of Istanbul: A community-based study
Authors: Türk Börü Ülkü , Kulualp Ahmet Şükrü , Tarhan Ömer Faruk , Bölük Cem , Duman Arda , Zeytin Demiral Gökçe , Güçlü Altun İlknur , Taşdemir Mustafa 
Published: September 2018

Background: The population-based information on the prevalence of stroke from rural areas of Middle East countries including Turkey is unknown. Our aim is to evaluate the prevalence of stroke in those ⩾18 years in the Turkish population in a rural area of Istanbul. Methods: A cross-sectional door-to-door study was conducted in a rural area of Istanbul between 1 March and 30 March 2013. A research protocol recommended by World Health Organization for developing countries was used. Each screening teams consisted of one neurologist, one local nurse, and five surveyors. Teams were trained about the survey and questionnaire. The patients, who claimed to have suffered a stroke, were examined, and the diagnosis was confirmed by a neurologist on site. The findings and medical records were documented. Results: In total, 2906 people ⩾18 years were screened. 50 stroke cases were detected. 80% of those were found to have had an ischemic stroke, 14% of those were hemorrhagic cases, and 6% of those had an unclassified stroke type. The overall prevalence rate in those ⩾ 18 years was 1.7%. The male/female ratio was 0.92. Young (<45) stroke prevalence was found to be 0.6%. Conclusion: This study was the first of its kind to show the stroke prevalence among Turkish population ⩾ 18 years in a rural area of Istanbul. When compared to other studies which investigate people ⩾45 years from Turkey, the result (in the same age group) was moderate high. The male/female ratio was low compared to many other studies.
Use of intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis: audit of the NHS experience
Authors: Kinsella JA , Irani SR , Hollingsworth R , O’Shaughnessy D , Kane P , Foster M , Schott JM , Lunn MP 
Published: September 2018

Objectives The treatments of limbic and other autoimmune encephalitis include immunosuppression, symptomatic treatment, and in the case of paraneoplastic syndromes, appropriate therapy for underlying neoplasms. When immunotherapy is considered, intravenous immunoglobulin is one option for treatment, either alone or in combination with corticosteroids. To date, however, evidence for the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in this context comes from case series/expert reviews as no controlled trials have been performed. We aimed to analyse the NHS England Database of intravenous immunoglobulin usage, which was designed to log use and guide procurement, to explore usage and therapeutic effect of intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune encephalitis in England. Design We conducted a retrospective audit and review of the NHS England Database on intravenous immunoglobulin use. Setting NHS England Database of intravenous immunoglobulin use which covers secondary and tertiary care prescribing and use of intravenous immunoglobulin for all patients in hospitals in England. Participants Hospital in-patients with confirmed or suspected autoimmune/limbic encephalitis between September 2010 and January 2017. Results A total of 625 patients who were 18 years of age or older were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin for autoimmune encephalitis, of whom 398 were determined as having 'highly likely' or 'definite' autoimmune/limbic encephalitis. Ninety-six percent were treated with a single course of intravenous immunoglobulin. The availability and accuracy of reporting of outcomes was very poor, with complete data only available in 27% of all cases. Conclusions This is the first review of data from this unique national database. Whilst there was evidence for clinical improvement in many cases of patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, the quality of outcome data was generally inadequate. Methods to improve quality, accuracy and completeness of reporting are crucial to maximise the potential value of this resource as an auditing tool.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long noncoding RNA MIR31HG inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and metastasis by sponging microRNA-575 to modulate ST7L expression
Authors: Yan Shaoying , Tang Zhenrong , Chen Ke , Liu Yuyang , Yu Gangfeng , Chen Qiuxu , Dang Hao , Chen Fengjiao , Ling Jiaji , Zhu Liying , Huang Ailong , Tang Hua 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Emerging evidences have indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in the development and progression of cancers. Dysregulation of lncRNA MIR31HG has recently been reported in several types of cancers, and researches on the function of MIR31HG in cancers suggested that MIR31HG could act as either oncogene or tumor suppressor. But the functional involvement of MIR31HG has not been studied in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
In this study, MTS assays, colony formation assay, Wound-healing assay, Transwell assy, and tumor xenografts experiments were used to identify biological effects of MIR31HG on HCC cells HCC proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were performed to show the interactions of MIR31HG and miR-575. The bioinformatics methods were completed to find the target genes of miR-575. And Dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analysis were further used to confirm the target gene of miR-575.

Results
We found that overexpression of MIR31HG obviously suppressed HCC proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockdown of MIR31HG had the opposite effects. Besides, overexpression of MIR31HG significantly decreased the expression of microRNA-575 (miR-575), which plays an oncogenic role in HCC. Moreover, dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay revealed that MIR31HG exerted tumor-suppressive functions by binding directly to miR-575, and there was a reciprocal inhibition between MIR31HG and miR-575 in the same RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Furthermore, overexpression of MIR31HG enhanced the expression of suppression of tumorigenicity 7 like (ST7L), which was identified as a downstream target gene of miR-575. Thus, MIR31HG positively regulated ST7L expression through sponging miR-575, and acted as tumor suppressor in HCC.

Conclusions
Overall, our study illuminates the role of MIR31HG as a miRNA sponge in HCC, and sheds new light on lncRNA-directed diagnostics and therapeutics in HCC.
Effectiveness of educational intervention based on psychological factors on achieving health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Salahshouri Arash , Zamani Alavijeh Fereshteh , Mahaki Behzad , Mostafavi Firoozeh 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
Managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is assumed to be heavily dependent on patients’ active participation in their own self-care behaviors including prescribed diets.

Objectives
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of educational intervention based on psychological factors on nutritional behaviors as well as levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with T2D referring to diabetes clinics and healthcare centers in the city of Izeh, Iran.

Methods
A total number of 145 patients were recruited in this clinical trial and then randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (n = 73 individuals) and control (n = 72 individuals). After that, a researcher-made multi-part questionnaire including a demographic characteristics information form, a nutritional perceptions and beliefs questionnaire; a scale measuring fears, concerns, and discomforts associated with diabetic diet, as well as the valid and reliable Perceived Dietary Adherence Questionnaire were used to collect the required data before and 3 months after the completion of the educational intervention. To this end, the patients in the intervention group attended an educational program for eight sessions but the individuals in the control group only received routine services. Data analysis was also conducted using the SPSS Statistics (Version 18) and via descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results
The findings revealed that the mean scores of the sub-groups of nutritional perceptions and beliefs (but not exaggerated ones) in the patients assigned to the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group after 3 months (p = 0.001). As well, the mean scores of the sub-groups of fears, concerns, and discomforts in patients as well as exaggerated beliefs witnessed a significant decrease in the intervention group compared to those in the control group (p = 0.001) 3 months after the educational intervention. Furthermore, the mean scores of adherence to a healthy diet in the intervention group had significantly increased compared to those in the control group. There was correspondingly a significant descending trend in the average levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the intervention group compared to those obtained in the control group (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
The results of this study shed light on the importance of the effectiveness of psychological factors on achieving health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, a new combination of diet-related psychological factors in patients with diabetes was introduced in the present study.
Trial registration IRCT. IRCT20180308039008N1. Registered 15 April 2018, http://www.irct.ir
A formal specification framework for smart grid components
Authors: Akram Waseem , Niazi Muaz A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Purpose
Smart grid can be considered as the next step in the evolution of power systems. It comprises of different entities and objects ranging from smart appliances, smart meters, generators, smart storages, and more. One key problem in modeling smart grid is that while currently there has previously been a considerable focus on the proof of concept aspect of smart grid, there have been very few modeling attempts and even lesser attempts at formalization. To the best of our knowledge, formal specification has not been applied previously in the domain of smart grid.

Methods
Using a state-based formal specification language namely Z (pronounced as ‘Zed’), we present a novel approach to formally modeling and specify smart grid components.

Results
The modeling exercise clearly demonstrates that Z is particularly suited for modeling various smart grid components.

Conclusions
The presented formal specification can be considered as a first step towards the modeling of smart grid using a Software Engineering formalism. It also demonstrates how formal specification can be used to model complex systems in general, and the smart grid, in particular.
Effectiveness of skull X-RAY to determine cochlear implant insertion depth
Authors: Fernandes Vinay , Wang Yiqiao , Yeung Robert , Symons Sean , Lin Vincent 
Published: September 2018

Background Cochlear implant (CI) insertion depth can affect residual hearing preservation, tonotopic range coverage, and Mapping. Therefore, determining insertion depth has the potential to maximize CI performance. A post-op skull X-RAY is commonly used to assess insertion depth, however its effectiveness has not been well established. Our primary objective was to assess the accuracy of post-op skull X-RAYs to determine insertion depth, compared to CT as the gold standard. Secondary objectives were to compare experience level of raters and different skull X-RAY views. Methods Thirteen patients with Advanced Bionic HiRes 90 K implants, and post-operative temporal bone CT scans were selected from the CI database at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. Medical students, otology fellows, and CI surgeons evaluated insertion depths on post-op skull X-RAYs, while neuroradiologists evaluated CT scans. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and paired t-tests were used to compare the two types of imaging. Results X-RAYs and CTs provided an equivalent mean insertion depth of 337 degrees ( p = 0.93), a mean difference of − 0.9 degrees and a standard deviation of paired differences of 43 degrees. Although means were similar across rater groups, CI surgeons (45 degrees) had the lowest standard deviation of paired differences. Comparing X-RAY views, Caldwell (29 degrees) had less variation than Towne (59 degrees) for standard deviation of paired differences. Conclusions Skull X-RAYs provide accurate and reliable measurements for CI insertion depth. The Caldwell view alone may be sufficient for evaluations of insertion depth, and experience has a minor impact on the variability of estimates.
Endocrine Toxicity of Cancer Immunotherapy Targeting Immune Checkpoints
Authors: Chang Lee-Shing , Barroso-Sousa Romualdo , Tolaney Sara M , Hodi F Stephen , Kaiser Ursula B , Min Le 
Published: September 2018

AbstractImmune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) with inhibitory antibodies has demonstrated effective and durable antitumor activity in subgroups of patients with cancer. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) for the treatment of a broad spectrum of malignancies. Endocrinopathies have emerged as one of the most common immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of ICPi therapy. Hypophysitis, thyroid dysfunction, insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus, and primary adrenal insufficiency have been reported as irAEs due to ICPi therapy. Hypophysitis is particularly associated with anti-CTLA-4 therapy, whereas thyroid dysfunction is particularly associated with anti-PD-1 therapy. Diabetes mellitus and primary adrenal insufficiency are rare endocrine toxicities associated with ICPi therapy but can be life-threatening if not promptly recognized and treated. Notably, combination anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapy is associated with the highest incidence of ICPi-related endocrinopathies. The precise mechanisms underlying these endocrine irAEs remain to be elucidated. Most ICPi-related endocrinopathies occur within 12 weeks after the initiation of ICPi therapy, but several have been reported to develop several months to years after ICPi initiation. Some ICPi-related endocrinopathies may resolve spontaneously, but others, such as central adrenal insufficiency and primary hypothyroidism, appear to be persistent in most cases. The mainstay of management of ICPi-related endocrinopathies is hormone replacement and symptom control. Further studies are needed to determine (i) whether high-dose corticosteroids in the treatment of ICPi-related endocrinopathies preserves endocrine function (especially in hypophysitis), and (ii) whether the development of ICPi-related endocrinopathies correlates with tumor response to ICPi therapy.
Membrane remodeling in clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Haucke Volker , Kozlov Michael M. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is an essential cellular mechanism by which all eukaryotic cells regulate their plasma membrane composition to control processes ranging from cell signaling to adhesion, migration and morphogenesis. The formation of endocytic vesicles and tubules involves extensive protein-mediated remodeling of the plasma membrane that is organized in space and time by protein–protein and protein–phospholipid interactions. Recent studies combining high-resolution imaging with genetic manipulations of the endocytic machinery and with theoretical approaches have led to novel multifaceted phenomenological data of the temporal and spatial organization of the endocytic reaction. This gave rise to various – often conflicting – models as to how endocytic proteins and their association with lipids regulate the endocytic protein choreography to reshape the plasma membrane. In this Review, we discuss these findings in light of the hypothesis that endocytic membrane remodeling may be determined by an interplay between protein–protein interactions, the ability of proteins to generate and sense membrane curvature, and the ability of lipids to stabilize and reinforce the generated membrane shape through adopting their lateral distribution to the local membrane curvature.
Meeting report – Cellular gateways: expanding the role of endocytosis in plant development
Authors: Qi Xingyun , Pleskot Roman , Irani Niloufer G. , Van Damme Daniël 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
The occasion of The Company of Biologists' workshop ‘Cellular gateways: expanding the role of endocytosis in plant development’ on 22–25 April 2018, at Wiston House, an Elizabethan mansion in West Sussex, England, witnessed stimulating and lively discussions on the mechanism and functions of endocytosis in plant cells. The workshop was organized by Jenny Russinova, Daniël Van Damme (both VIB/University of Ghent, Belgium) and Takashi Ueda (National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan), and aimed to bridge the gap in knowledge about the endocytic machinery and its cargos in the plant field.
Reproductive performance of asian catfish ( Hemibagrus wyckii Bleeker, 1858), a candidate species for aquaculture
Authors: Aryani Netti , Suharman Indra , Syandri Hafrijal 
Published: September 2018

Background: Hemibagrus wyckii Bagridae is one of the important economic fish species that lives in the rivers and reservoir in Riau Province, Indonesia. The present study aimed to determine the reproductive performance of H.wyckii under culture conditions. Method s: A total of 10 female and 10 male fish were selected, and weight, length, characteristics of egg and sperm, and hatchery performance were measured. Eggs were fertilized using the dry method. Egg weight and egg diameters were measured for 50 eggs per female. Egg size (50 eggs for each fish) was measured using Labo microscope model L-711 using software camera 3. Then, saline solution was added over the eggs, followed by the addition of pooled sperm from 10 males. Results: Average relative fecundity, egg weight and egg diameter were 2060±512 eggs/kg fish, 29.86±1.21 mg and 2.67±0.26 mm, respectively. The fertilization rate and hatching rate were 60.91±4.68% and 42.91±2.92% respectively. Sperm characteristics such as volume per fish (mL), pH, concentration (per mL), motility (%) and duration of motility (second) were 0.82±0.20, 7.15±0.12, 3.68±0.15, 72.77±1.46 and 47.5±4.84, respectively. Conclusion: The study results and scientific observations regarding reproductive performance suggest that H. wyckii can be considered a new candidate species for aquaculture.