bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio recombination line observations towards Spitzer infrared bubbles with the TianMa radio telescope
Authors: Hou L G , Gao X Y 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Many of the Spitzer infrared bubbles identified by the Milky Way Project (MWP) are suggested to be $\rm{H \small {II}} $ regions in nature. More than 70 per cent of the ∼5000 known bubbles do not have radio recombination line (RRL) observations, hence have not been confirmed as $\rm{H \small {II}} $ regions. A systematic RRL survey should be helpful to identify the nature of the bubbles. With the Shanghai TianMa 65-m radio telescope, we searched for RRLs towards 216 selected Spitzer bubbles by simultaneously observing 19 RRLs in the C band (4–8 GHz). RRLs are detected in the directions of 75 of the 216 targets. 31 of the 75 RRL sources are classified as new detections, which are possibly from new $\rm{H \small {II}} $ regions or diffuse warm ionized medium; 36 of them are probably from the outskirts of nearby bright $\rm{H \small {II}} $ regions, rather than bubble-encircled ionized gas; and the detected RRLs towards 8 bubbles are identified from known $\rm{H \small {II}} $ regions. For 58 of the 75 RRL sources, we obtained their distances after resolving the kinematic distance ambiguity by combining the results of the H2CO absorption method, the $\rm{H \small {I}} $ emission/absorption method, and the $\rm{H \small {I}} $ self-absorption method. The low detection rate of new $\rm{H \small {II}} $ regions implies that a number of MWP bubbles in the DR1 catalogue are too faint if they are $\rm{H \small {II}} $ regions.
The fundamental relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies
Authors: de Nicola Stefano , Marconi Alessandro , Longo Giuseppe 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We study the correlations between supermassive black holes (BHs) and their host galaxies, using a sample of 83 BH masses collected from the most recent and reliable spatially resolved estimates available from the literature. We confirm the mono- and bivariate correlations between SMBHs and the bulges of their host galaxies, confirming that the correlation with the effective velocity dispersion is not significantly improved by higher dimensionality. Instead, pseudo-bulges do not seem to correlate with their SMBHs, probably because their secular evolution is often unable to trigger accretion onto the central BH. We then present a novel approach aimed at finding the fundamental relation between SMBHs and their host galaxies. For the first time, we analytically combine BH masses with the Fundamental Plane (FP), showing that MBH–σe appears to be the fundamental relation rather than a putative ‘BH Fundamental Plane’ of the kind MBH–σe–Re. These results can be explained by a picture which sees the MBH–σe relation as a natural outcome of the change in AGN feedback from momentum-driven to energy-driven. The other scaling relations are then established through the FP.
Optical detection of the black widow binary PSR J2052+1219
Authors: Zharikov S , Kirichenko A , Zyuzin D , Shibanov Yu , Deneva J S 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present optical time-resolved multiband photometry of the black widow binary millisecond pulsar J2052+1219 using direct-imaging observations with the 2.1-m telescope of the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional San Pedro Mártir (OAN-SPM), Mexico. The observations reveal a variable optical source whose position and periodicity, P = 2.752 h, coincide with the pulsar coordinates and the orbital period obtained from radio timing. This has allowed us to identify it with its binary companion. We reproduce the light curves of the source, modelling the companion’s heating by the pulsar and accounting for the system parameters obtained from the radio data. As a result, we estimate the distance to the system independently as 3.94(16) kpc, which agrees with the dispersion measure distance. The size of the companion star is 0.12−0.15 R$\odot$, close to filling its Roche lobe. It has a surface temperature difference of about 3000 K between the side facing the pulsar and the back side. We summarize characteristics of all black widow systems studied in the optical and we compare them with the parameters of PSR J2052+1219 derived from our observations.
H0LiCOW – X. Spectroscopic/imaging survey and galaxy-group identification around the strong gravitational lens system WFI 2033−4723
Authors: Sluse D , Rusu C E , Fassnacht C D , Sonnenfeld A , Richard J , Auger M W , Coccato L , Wong K C , Suyu S H , Treu T , Agnello A , Birrer S , Bonvin V , Collett T , Courbin F , Hilbert S , Koopmans L V E , Tihhanova O , Marshall P J , Meylan G , Shajib A J , Annis J , Avila S , Bertin E , Brooks D , Buckley-Geer E , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , da Costa L N , De Vicente J , Desai S , Doel P , Evrard A E , Flaugher B , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Goldstein D A , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Hartley W G , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kim A G , Krause E , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lima M , Lin H , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Plazas A A , Sanchez E , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Sobreira F , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Galaxies and galaxy groups located along the line of sight towards gravitationally lensed quasars produce high-order perturbations of the gravitational potential at the lens position. When these perturbation are too large, they can induce a systematic error on H0 of a few per cent if the lens system is used for cosmological inference and the perturbers are not explicitly accounted for in the lens model. In this work, we present a detailed characterization of the environment of the lens system WFI 2033−4723 ($z_{\rm src} =\,$1.662, $z_{\rm lens}=\,$0.6575), one of the core targets of the H0LiCOW project for which we present cosmological inferences in a companion paper. We use the Gemini and ESO-Very Large telescopes to measure the spectroscopic redshifts of the brightest galaxies towards the lens, and use the ESO-MUSE integral field spectrograph to measure the velocity-dispersion of the lens ($\sigma _{\rm {los}}= 250^{+15}_{-21}$  km s−1) and of several nearby galaxies. In addition, we measure photometric redshifts and stellar masses of all galaxies down to i < 23 mag, mainly based on Dark Energy Survey imaging (DR1). Our new catalogue, complemented with literature data, more than doubles the number of known galaxy spectroscopic redshifts in the direct vicinity of the lens, expanding to 116 (64) the number of spectroscopic redshifts for galaxies separated by less than 3 arcmin (2 arcmin ) from the lens. Using the flexion-shift as a measure of the amplitude of the gravitational perturbation, we identify two galaxy groups and three galaxies that require specific attention in the lens models. The ESO MUSE data enable us to measure the velocity-dispersions of three of these galaxies. These results are essential for the cosmological inference analysis presented in Rusu et al.
A tight cold-inducible switch built by coupling thermosensitive transcriptional and proteolytic regulatory parts
Authors: Zheng Yang , Meng Fankang , Zhu Zihui , Wei Weijia , Sun Zhi , Chen Jinchun , Yu Bo , Lou Chunbo , Chen Guo-Qiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNatural organisms have evolved intricate regulatory mechanisms that sense and respond to fluctuating environmental temperatures in a heat- or cold-inducible fashion. Unlike dominant heat-inducible switches, very few cold-inducible genetic switches are available in either natural or engineered systems. Moreover, the available cold-inducible switches still have many shortcomings, including high leaky gene expression, small dynamic range (<10-fold) or broad transition temperature (>10°C). To address these problems, a high-performance cold-inducible switch that can tightly control target gene expression is highly desired. Here, we introduce a tight and fast cold-inducible switch that couples two evolved thermosensitive variants, TFts and TEVts, as well as an additional Mycoplasma florum Lon protease (mf-Lon) to effectively turn-off target gene expression via transcriptional and proteolytic mechanisms. We validated the function of the switch in different culture media and various Escherichia coli strains and demonstrated its tightness by regulating two morphogenetic bacterial genes and expressing three heat-unstable recombinant proteins, respectively. Moreover, the additional protease module enabled the cold-inducible switch to actively remove the pre-existing proteins in slow-growing cells. This work establishes a high-performance cold-inducible system for tight and fast control of gene expression which has great potential for basic research, as well as industrial and biomedical applications.
Atovaquone-Proguanil in Combination With Artesunate to Treat Multidrug-Resistant P. falciparum Malaria in Cambodia: An Open-Label Randomized Trial
Authors: Wojnarski Mariusz , Lon Chanthap , Vanachayangkul Pattaraporn , Gosi Panita , Sok Somethy , Rachmat Agus , Harrison Dustin , Berjohn Catherine M , Spring Michele , Chaoratanakawee Suwanna , Ittiverakul Mali , Buathong Nillawan , Chann Soklyda , Wongarunkochakorn Saowaluk , Waltmann Andreea , Kuntawunginn Worachet , Fukuda Mark M , Burkly Hana , Heang Vireak , Heng Thay Keang , Kong Nareth , Boonchan Threechada , Chum Bolin , Smith Philip , Vaughn Andrew , Prom Satharath , Lin Jessica , Lek Dysoley , Saunders David 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Recent artemisinin-combination therapy failures in Cambodia prompted a search for alternatives. Atovaquone-proguanil (AP), a safe, effective treatment for multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum (P.f.), previously demonstrated additive effects in combination with artesunate (AS).

Methods
Patients with P.f. or mixed-species infection (n = 205) in Anlong Veng (AV; n = 157) and Kratie (KT; n = 48), Cambodia, were randomized open-label 1:1 to a fixed-dose 3-day AP regimen +/-3 days of co-administered artesunate (ASAP). Single low-dose primaquine (PQ, 15 mg) was given on day 1 to prevent gametocyte-mediated transmission.

Results
Polymerase chain reaction–adjusted adequate clinical and parasitological response at 42 days was 90% for AP (95% confidence interval [CI], 82%–95%) and 92% for ASAP (95% CI, 83%–96%; P = .73). The median parasite clearance time was 72 hours for ASAP in AV vs 56 hours in KT (P &lt; .001) and was no different than AP alone. At 1 week postprimaquine, 7% of the ASAP group carried microscopic gametocytes vs 29% for AP alone (P = .0001). Nearly all P.f. isolates had C580Y K13 propeller artemisinin resistance mutations (AV 99%; KT 88%). Only 1 of 14 treatment failures carried the cytochrome bc1 (Pfcytb) atovaquone resistance mutation, which was not present at baseline. P.f. isolates remained atovaquone sensitive in vitro but cycloguanil resistant, with a triple P.f. dihydrofolate reductase mutation.

Conclusions
Atovaquone-proguanil remained marginally effective in Cambodia (≥90%) with minimal Pfcytb mutations observed. Treatment failures in the presence of ex vivo atovaquone sensitivity and adequate plasma levels may be attributable to cycloguanil and/or artemisinin resistance. Artesunate co-administration provided little additional blood-stage efficacy but reduced post-treatment gametocyte carriage in combination with AP beyond single low-dose primaquine.
Successful concurrent chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin plus etoposide after incomplete resection for advanced thymic carcinoma
Authors: Han Ling , Zhang Baozhu , Wu Shihai 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The optimal therapy for advanced thymic carcinoma has long been controversial. Despite that complete (R0) resection is recommend as the first-line treatment, multidisciplinary approach including chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be considered for patients who lost the operation chance or received incomplete resection. Here, we present a case who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) after cytoreductive surgery. A complete response was observed and the patient has remained disease free for over 4 years. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the efficacy of CCRT with cisplatin plus etoposide after incomplete surgery for advanced thymic carcinoma.
Subtemporal Transtentorial Approach in Mesencephalic and Perimesencephalic Lesions in Children—A Series of 20 Patients
Authors: Spennato Pietro , Chiaramonte Carmela , Russo Carmela , Onorini Nicola , Mirone Giuseppe , Mazio Federica , Di Martino Giuliana , Parlato Raffaele Stefano , Cinalli Giuseppe 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Midbrain and surrounding areas are among the most difficult regions to surgically approach in neurosurgery. The subtemporal approach is a well-known neurosurgical approach that is rarely described in children.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of subtemporal approach in children.

METHODS
A total of 20 pediatric patients with intra-axial tumors involving the lateral midbrain or superior cerebellar peduncle or with extra-axial tumors in the middle incisural space/Meckel cave underwent subtemporal transtentorial approaches with the aim to remove (16 cases) or biopsy (4 cases) their lesions. These cases were retrospectively reviewed and the surgical approach described.

RESULTS
Total resection was achieved in 11 patients. In the 4 patients who underwent biopsies, a diagnosis was obtained. A total of 5 patients presented non-neoplastic lesions (dermoid tumors or cavernomas). A total of 9 patients harbored low-grade tumors and 6 high-grade tumors. Patients with low-grade tumors and non-neoplastic lesions are all alive with no evidence of disease or stable residue. Four patients affected by high grade tumors died. No patient suffered permanent neurological deficits related to the surgical approach. Three patients presented temporary neurological deficits following the procedure: one case of strabismus, one case of aphasia and hemiparesis, secondary to delayed, transient thrombosis of the Labbé vein, and 1 case of trigeminal neuralgia.

CONCLUSION
The subtemporal approach represents a feasible approach for mesencephalic and perimesencephalic lesions in children. It provides an ample and direct access, with excellent outcomes and acceptable postoperative morbidity.
Associations Between the Specialty of Opioid Prescribers and Opioid Addiction, Misuse, and Overdose Outcomes
Authors: Lobo Carroline P , Cochran Gerald , Chang Chung-Chou H , Gellad Walid F , Gordon Adam J , Jalal Hawre , Lo-Ciganic Wei-Hsuan , Karp Jordan F , Kelley David , Donohue Julie M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine associations between opioid prescriber specialty and patient likelihood of opioid use disorder (OUD), opioid misuse, and opioid overdose.

Design
Longitudinal retrospective study using Pennsylvania Medicaid data (2007–2015).

Methods
We constructed an incident cohort of 432,110 enrollees initiating prescription opioid use without a history of OUD or overdose six months before opioid initiation. We attributed patients to one of 10 specialties using the first opioid prescriber’s specialty or, alternatively, the specialty of the dominant prescriber writing the majority of the patient’s opioid prescriptions. We estimated adjusted rates for OUD, misuse, and overdose, adjusting for demographic variables and medical (including pain) and psychiatric comorbidities.

Results
The unadjusted incidence rates of OUD, misuse, and overdose were 7.13, 4.73, and 0.69 per 100,000 person-days, respectively. Patients initiating a new episode of opioid treatment with Pain Medicine/Anesthesiology (6.7 events, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.5 to 8.2) or Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R; 6.1 events, 95% CI = 5.1 to 7.2) had higher adjusted rates for OUD per 100,000 person-days compared with Primary Care practitioners (PCPs; 4.4 events, 95% CI = 4.1 to 4.7). Patients with index prescriptions from Pain Medicine/Anesthesiology (15.9 events, 95% CI = 13.2 to 19.3) or PM&R (15.8 events, 95% CI = 13.5 to 18.4) had higher adjusted rates for misuse per 100,000 person-days compared with PCPs (9.6 events, 95% CI = 8.8 to 10.6). Findings were largely similar when patients were attributed to specialty based on dominant prescriber.

Conclusions
Differences in opioid-related risks by specialty of opioid prescriber may arise from differences in patient risk factors, provider behavior, or both. Our findings inform targeting of opioid risk mitigation strategies to specific practitioner specialties.
A Cross-Sectional Examination of Patients’ Perspectives About Their Pain, Pain Management, and Satisfaction with Pain Treatment
Authors: Lee Shinduk , Smith Matthew Lee , Dahlke Deborah Vollmer , Pardo Nicole , Ory Marcia G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
Empirical studies show conflicting findings about the relationship between pain relief and patient satisfaction. To address this research gap, this study examines the differential effects of pain relief on patient satisfaction based on patients’ perceptions about pain management.

Methods
Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 178 adults with self-reported chronic noncancer pain (i.e., pain that typically lasts >12 weeks that is not due to cancer). Participants rated their satisfaction with pain care, pain relief, and perceptions about participation in their treatment decisions and confidence in their physicians. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine whether patients’ perceptions moderated the effects of pain on patient satisfaction. All models were adjusted for age, education, and frequency of chronic pain. Based on the preliminary analyses, separate models were performed for participants who reported low (median or lower) and high (greater than median) pain relief.

Results
On average, patients reported moderate patient satisfaction with their pain care (score of 5.54 out of 10, with a higher score indicating greater patient satisfaction). Among patients who reported low pain relief, the level of pain relief (P < 0.001) and confidence in their physicians (P = 0.031) were positively associated with satisfaction after adjusting for other covariates and control variables. Among patients who reported high pain relief, the level of pain relief (P = 0.002) positively predicted satisfaction after adjusting for other covariates and control variables. Patients’ confidence in their physicians positively moderated the effects of pain relief on satisfaction among patients who reported low pain relief (P = 0.006), but not among patients who reported high pain relief (P = 0.275).

Conclusions
Interventions to improve patients’ confidence in their physician’s pain management may enhance the effects of pain relief on patient satisfaction, particularly among patients who experience low levels of pain alleviation during their pain treatment.
Mathematical and Moral Disagreement
Authors: Jonas Silvia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe existence of fundamental moral disagreements is a central problem for moral realism and has often been contrasted with an alleged absence of disagreement in mathematics. However, mathematicians do in fact disagree on fundamental questions, for example on which set-theoretic axioms are true, and some philosophers have argued that this increases the plausibility of moral vis-à-vis mathematical realism. I argue that the analogy between mathematical and moral disagreement is not as straightforward as those arguments present it. In particular, I argue that pluralist accounts of mathematics render fundamental mathematical disagreements compatible with mathematical realism in a way in which moral disagreements and moral realism are not.1
BIOPHYSICAL SIMULATION TOOL PARTRAC: MODELLING PROTON BEAMS AT THERAPY-RELEVANT ENERGIES
Authors: Friedland Werner , Kundrát Pavel , Becker Janine , Eidemüller Markus 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The biophysical simulation tool PARTRAC has been primarily developed to model radiation physics, chemistry and biology on nanometre to micrometre scales. However, the tool can be applied in simulating radiation effects in an event-by-event manner over macroscopic volumes as well. Benchmark simulations are reported showing that PARTRAC does reproduce the macroscopic Bragg peaks of proton beams, although the penetration depths are underestimated by a few per cent for high-energy beams. PARTRAC also quantifies the increase in DNA damage and its complexity along the beam penetration depth. Enhanced biological effectiveness is predicted in particular within distal Bragg peak parts of therapeutic proton beams.
Racial, Religious, and Civic Dimensions of Anti-Muslim Sentiment in America
Authors: Gerteis Joseph , Hartmann Douglas , Edgell Penny 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper examines anti-Muslim sentiment in America. Existing research has documented rising hostility to Muslims in Western countries, but has been much less clear about what drives such sentiments or exactly what sort of “other” Muslims are understood to be. Our interest is in the cultural construction of Muslims as a problematic or incompatible “other.” We explore the extent, content, and correlates of such views. Building from recent work in critical race theory and the study of cultural boundaries in national belonging, we argue that Muslims are distinct in being culturally excluded on religious, racial, and civic grounds at the same time. Using nationally representative survey data with specially designed measures on views of Muslims and other groups, we show that nearly half of Americans embrace some form of anti-Muslim sentiment, and that such views are systematically correlated with social location and with understandings of the nature of American belonging.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cellular therapy in sickle cell disease: where are we now?
Authors: Tanhehco Yvette C. , Bhatia Monica 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common monogenic disorder that is characterized by an A to T substitution in the β-globin gene that leads to the production of hemoglobin S (HbS). Polymerization of HbS leads to significant morbidity including vaso-occlusion, pain, hemolytic anemia, and end organ damage. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is the only curative treatment; however, suitable donors are not always readily available. This study reviews the current status of allo-HCT and autologous cellular therapies for SCD.

Recent findings
Alternative sources of allogeneic stem cells from unmatched donors such as cord blood and haploidentical donors are gaining traction. Early experience has shown that better conditioning regimens and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis are needed before these donor sources can gain widespread use. Clinical trials are underway to determine the feasibility and efficacy of autologous transplantation with gene modified hematopoietic stem cells. Gene therapy strategies include HbS gene correction, gene addition, and hemoglobin F induction. Preliminary results are very encouraging.

Summary
Matched sibling allo-HCT for patients with SCD results in more than 90% overall survival and more than 80% event-free survival. Because only 25–30% of patients have a matched sibling donor, alternative donor options such as matched unrelated donors, related haploidentical donors and unrelated umbilical cord blood donors are being considered. Clinical trials investigating various strategies for gene therapy followed by autologous transplantation are underway. One major challenge is obtaining sufficient hematopoietic stem cells for gene therapy. Studies are being conducted on the optimal mobilization regimen and collection strategy.