bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EWOCS-III: JWST observations of the supermassive star cluster Westerlund 1
Authors: Guarcello M. G. , Almendros-Abad V. , Lovell J. B. , Monsch K. , Mužić K. , Martínez-Galarza J. R. , Drake J. J. , Anastasopoulou K. , Andersen M. , Argiroffi C. , Bayo A. , Bonito R. , Capela D. , Damiani F. , Gennaro M. , Ginsburg A. , Grebel E. K. , Hora J. L. , Moraux E. , Najarro F. , Negueruela I. , Prisinzano L. , Richardson N. D. , Ritchie B. , Robberto M. , Rom T. , Sabbi E. , Sciortino S. , Umana G. , Winter A. , Wright N. J. , Zeidler P. 
Published: November 2024

Context. The typically large distances, extinction, and crowding of Galactic supermassive star clusters (stellar clusters more massive than 104 M⊙) have so far hampered the identification of their very low mass members, required to extend our understanding of star and planet formation, and early stellar evolution, to the extremely energetic star-forming environment typical of starbursts. This situation has now evolved thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and its unmatched resolution and sensitivity in the infrared.
Aims. In this paper, the third of the series of the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS), we present JWST/NIRCam and JWST/MIRI observations of the supermassive star cluster Westerlund 1. These observations are specifically designed to unveil the cluster members down to the brown dwarf mass regime, and to allow us to select and study the protoplane-tary disks in the cluster and to study the mutual feedback between the cluster members and the surrounding environment.
Methods. Westerlund 1 was observed as part of JWST GO-1905 for 23.6 hours. The data have been reduced using the JWST calibration pipeline, together with specific tools necessary to remove artifacts, such as the 1 /f random noise in NIRCam images. Source identification and photometry were performed with DOLPHOT.
Results. The MIRI images show a plethora of different features. Diffuse nebular emission is observed around the cluster, which is typically composed of myriads of droplet-like features pointing toward the cluster center or the group of massive stars surrounding the Wolf–Rayet star W72/A. A long pillar is also observed in the northwest. The MIRI images also show resolved shells and outflows surrounding the M-type supergiants W20, W26, W75, and W237, the sgB[e] star W9 and the yellow hypergiant W4. Some of these shells have been observed before at other wavelengths, but never with the level of detail provided by JWST. The color-magnitude diagrams built using the NIRCam photometry show a clear cluster sequence, which is marked in its upper part by the 1828 NIRCam stars with X-ray counterparts. NIRCam observations using the F115W filter have reached the 23.8 mag limit with 50% completeness (roughly corresponding to a 0.06 M0 brown dwarf).
The spin magnitude of stellar-mass black holes evolves with the mass
Authors: Pierra G. , Mastrogiovanni S. , Perriès S. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. Using gravitational-wave (GW) data from the latest GW Transient Catalog (GWTC-3), we conduct a comprehensive investigation into the relationship between the masses and spin magnitudes (χ) of binary black holes (BBHs). Our focus is on identifying potential correlations between BBH masses and spin magnitudes, and exploring their astrophysical implications in terms of formation channels.
Methods. We employed hierarchical Bayesian methods and new population models for spin-mass distributions to analyze the GW data. We further validated our results with several sanity checks.
Results. Analyzing 59 GW signals, we find statistical evidence for an evolution of the spin magnitude of the BBHs as a function of the mass. We interpret the evolution in two ways. First, using a class of population models that parameterize the evolution of the spin distribution with mass, we observe a transition from a population of BBHs with lower spin magnitudes (χ ∼ 0.2) at lower masses to higher, but less constrained, spin magnitudes for higher masses. The transition between these two distinct distributions occurs around 45 M⊙ − 55 M⊙. Additionally, using population models built by mixing independent populations of BBHs, we find that the observed GW signals can be interpreted as consisting ∼98% of low-spin black holes with masses ≲40 M⊙ and ∼2% high-spin black holes with masses ≳40 M⊙.
Conclusions. Using different prescriptions for the interplay between BBH spins and masses, we find evidence of a mass scale at 45 M⊙ − 55 M⊙, where the population distribution of spin magnitudes changes. We speculate that this result may support the hypothesis that a large fraction of low-mass, low-spin BBHs are formed through the evolution of isolated stellar binaries, whereas a smaller fraction of higher-mass, high-spin BBHs are likely formed through dynamical assembly or hierarchical mergers.
Une approche sociologique des émotions en éducation physique et sportive. Illustration avec des collégiens et des collégiennes de 3e sur le stress ressenti
Authors: Nakas Raffi , Dugas Éric , Meziani Yamina 
Published: November 2024

Cette recherche a pour but d’identifier les facteurs de stress, parmi cinq présentés, les plus ressentis par des collégiens et collégiennes français de troisième. À l’aide de méthodologie indirecte telle que la comparaison par paires (CPP) issue de la procédure de Condorcet, 163 élèves, dont 75 garçons et 88 filles, ont répondu à un questionnaire au sujet des pratiques enseignantes qu’ils jugeaient comme les plus stressantes. Les résultats révèlent que dans le cadre du cours d’éducation physique et sportive (EPS), la cause « se produire devant les autres » est – quel que soit le sexe des répondants – ressentie comme le facteur le plus stressant. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats soulignent peu de différences entre les filles et les garçons quant aux « facteurs de stress » présentés dans l’étude. Les apports de cette enquête se situent, d’une part, dans l’emploi d’une approche sociologique peu utilisée dans les recherches sur les émotions et, d’autre part, sur l’intérêt que peut revêtir ce type de recherche pour la formation initiale et continue.
Anhalten der Behinderungsprogression unter Siponimod bei sekundär chronisch progredienter Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Bartzokis Iason 
Published: November 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm klinischen Alltag ist der Übergang von der schubförmig-remittierenden Multiplen Sklerose (RRMS) in die sekundär chronisch progrediente Form (SPMS) fließend und in den meisten Fällen mangels valider Diagnosekriterien retrospektiv zu stellen. Es wird über den Verlauf eines 41-jährigen männlichen Patienten mit einer ursprünglichen hochaktiven Verlaufsform berichtet, der unter einer Therapie mit dem Sphingosin-1-Phosphats-Rezeptormodulator Fingolimod eine schubunabhängige Behinderungsprogression aufwies, welche sowohl durch eine Score-Zunahme auf der Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) als auch durch eine weitere Verschlechterung seiner neurogenen Blasenfunktionsstörung objektiviert werden konnte. Nach Umstellung auf Siponimod blieben sowohl der EDSS-Score als auch die Gangfähigkeit, die Blasenfunktion sowie das Sehvermögen stabil. Diskutiert werden kann zum einen der duale Wirkmechanismus mit Einfluss auf periphere sowie ZNS-intrinsische Inflammation und zum anderen die Lipophilie der Substanz mit sehr guter ZNS-Gängigkeit, wodurch eine effektive zentrale Wirkung auf Oligondendrozyten anzunehmen ist.
Abstinenzzuweisung im Rahmen der Führungsaufsicht bei suchtmittelabhängigen Straftätern
Authors: Soyka Michael 
Published: November 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Ziel der Arbeit Die Problematik der strafbewährten Abstinenzzuweisung bei suchtmittelabhängigen Straftätern wird dargestellt.
Methodik Berichtet wird der exemplarische Fall eines langjährig polytoxikomanen Straftäters, der trotz Abstinenzzuweisung weiter Alkohol und Drogen konsumierte.
Ergebnisse Klinische und forensische Aspekte dieses Falles werden diskutiert.
Schlussfolgerung Strafbewehrte Abstinenzzuweisungen bei schwerstabhängigen Straftätern sind klinisch wenig sinnvoll und praktikabel.
Circulating Levels of Low-Density Granulocytes and Cell-Free DNA as Predictors of Cardiovascular Disease and Bone Deterioration in SLE Patients
Authors: Suárez Ana , Tobío-Parada Uxía , Rodríguez-Carrio Javier , Martínez-Zapico Aleida , Pérez-Álvarez Ángel I. , Suárez-Díaz Silvia , Caminal-Montero Luis , López Patricia 
Published: November 2024

Objective The present work evaluates the predictive value of low-density granulocytes (LDGs) for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or bone deterioration (BD) in a 6-year prospective study in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Considering the high SLE-LDG capacity to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), circulating levels of total cell-free DNA (cirDNA) and relative amounts of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (mtDNA and nDNA, respectively) were tested as LDG-associated biomarkers to identify SLE patients at risk of CVD and BD.
Material and Methods The frequency of total blood LDGs, as well as the CD16negCD14neg (nLDG) and CD16posCD14low (pLDG) subsets, was quantified by flow cytometry in 33 controls and 144 SLE patients. Total cirDNA and relative amounts of mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear (nDNA) cell-free DNA were measured by fluorometry or qPCR in plasma from a subgroup of 117 patients and 23 controls at enrolment.
Results and Conclusion Our findings showed increased blood levels of SLE-nLDGs at enrolment associated with prospective CVD development (pCVD) and the presence of BD, thus revealing LDG expansion as a predictor of both comorbidities in SLE progression. The amounts of the different types of circulating DNA analyzed were increased in patients, especially those presenting with traditional CV risk factors or subclinical atheromatosis. Similar to nLDGs, the nDNA concentration could predict the development of pCVD in SLE, supporting the quantification of cirDNA levels as a surrogate marker of LDGs in clinical practice.
An Evidence-Based Case Series of Male Infertility (OAT Syndrome Associated with Hypospermia) Treated with Constitutional Medicine
Authors: Pandit Raj K. , Pandey Swati 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA major clinical problem that still affects 8 to 12% of couples globally, infertility and issues with diminished fecundity have long been a cause for worry. Approximately 35% of the cases of infertility result from deficiencies associated with male factor and as many as 2% of all men will exhibit suboptimal sperm parameters. Medical therapy includes the treatment of reversible endocrine or infectious causes of subfertility that may cause a variety of adverse effects. This study aimed to highlight the importance of employing homoeopathic constitutional medicine in the cases, caused by suboptimal seminal parameters (oligospermia, asthenospermia, teratospermia associated with hypospermia) due to non-specific causes. In this study, three males who had a poor seminal parameter visited the outpatient clinic. Their cases were recorded, appraised and analysed according to homoeopathic principles and repertorised using a complete repertory. Finally, each case received a constitutional medicine for prescription. Causal attribution of changes in their condition to the homoeopathic treatment was assessed by Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homoeopathy (MONARCH) inventory score. After a couple of months of medical care, a second semen analysis of the patients was performed. The reports revealed the improvement in the seminal variables. At the end, the values obtained were according to the 2010 World Health Organization standards. The outcome of the case series supports the clinical potency of constitutional treatment in homoeopathy in idiopathic infertile men. In future, randomised control trials with large sample sizes may be undertaken for validation of results.
Donepezil hydrochloride fingerprint spectral and formation mechanism analysis
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Wenxia , Wang Dongjie , Zhao Jinwu , Sun Liu , She Shuocheng , Hou Pandeng , Zhang Yizhu , Qu Qiuhong , He Mingxia 
Published: November 2024

Donepezil hydrochloride is a widely used medication for treating Alzheimer’s disease. This study utilized terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to analyze the fingerprint spectra of donepezil hydrochloride, identifying five characteristic absorption peaks at 1.65, 2.44, 2.56, 3.31, and 3.75 THz. The vibrational spectrum of the donepezil hydrochloride crystal was further examined using solid-state density functional theory. Based on simulation calculations, the characteristic peaks were identified and analyzed in detail, focusing on long-range ordering and weak interaction networks. The results demonstrate that terahertz spectroscopy is an effective tool for studying intermolecular interactions in drug crystals.
On the structural and bandgap properties of mist-CVD-grown κ-Ga2O3 post continuous temperature annealing
Authors: Banda Yara , Jia Yanqing , Cho Seong-Ho , Davaasuren Bambar , Ben Hassine Mohamed , Wang Qingxiao , Anjum Dalaver H. , Gan Qiaoqiang , Ma Zhenqiang , Bae Si-Young , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S. 
Published: November 2024

We investigate the continuous annealing of orthorhombic κ-Ga2O3 films on AlN/c-plane sapphire templates grown by Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition (mist-CVD) using in situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction (HT-XRD). Increasing the annealing temperature from 400 to 1100 °C in both vacuum and ambient air reveals a phase transition onset at 825 °C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and XRD demonstrated that annealing within the stability window of 650 to 775 °C effectively improves the crystal quality of the κ-Ga2O3 thin film. Optical transmittance and low-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) show the pristine film’s bandgaps to be 4.96 and 4.67 eV, respectively, with reduced bandgaps in annealed films due to increased defect density. EELS-derived optical joint density of states indicates that air-annealing fosters sub-bandgap radiative processes, while vacuum annealing suppresses them, qualitatively correlated with the observed photoluminescence intensity variations. The results of this comprehensive high-temperature annealing study offer crucial insight into the influence of annealing ambient conditions on the crystallographic properties of κ-Ga2O3 films and the associated evolution of extended sub-bandgap states.
Sequential Kalman tuning of the t-preconditioned Crank-Nicolson algorithm: efficient, adaptive and gradient-free inference for Bayesian inverse problems
Authors: Grumitt Richard D P , Karamanis Minas , Seljak Uroš 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ensemble Kalman Inversion (EKI) has been proposed as an efficient method for the approximate solution of Bayesian inverse problems with expensive forward models. However, when applied to the Bayesian inverse problem EKI is only exact in the regime of Gaussian target measures and linear forward models. In this work we propose embedding EKI and Flow Annealed Kalman Inversion, its normalizing flow (NF) preconditioned variant, within a Bayesian annealing scheme as part of an adaptive implementation of the t-preconditioned Crank-Nicolson (tpCN) sampler. The tpCN sampler differs from standard pCN in that its proposal is reversible with respect to the multivariate t-distribution. The more flexible tail behaviour allows for better adaptation to sampling from non-Gaussian targets. Within our Sequential Kalman Tuning (SKT) adaptation scheme, EKI is used to initialize and precondition the tpCN sampler for each annealed target. The subsequent tpCN iterations ensure particles are correctly distributed according to each annealed target, avoiding the accumulation of errors that would otherwise impact EKI. We demonstrate the performance of SKT for tpCN on three challenging numerical benchmarks, showing significant improvements in the rate of convergence compared to adaptation within standard SMC with importance weighted resampling at each temperature level, and compared to similar adaptive implementations of standard pCN. The SKT scheme applied to tpCN offers an efficient, practical solution for solving the Bayesian inverse problem when gradients of the forward model are not available. Code implementing the SKT schemes for tpCN is available at https://github.com/RichardGrumitt/KalmanMC.
Three-channel demultiplexer based on one-dimensional magnonic crystal waveguides using defect modes
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Fatemeh , Bahrami Ali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, the transfer matrix method is used to study magnetostatic spin waves (SWs) in magnonic crystal (MC) waveguide. By eliminating structural symmetry and creating a defect in a completely periodic structure, the localization of SWs with frequencies corresponding to the defect mode in the band gap has been realized. The proposed structure consists of three yttrium-iron-garnet films with the same thickness, 5 μm, with an array of etched grooves with different defects. The designed demultiplexer filters specific frequencies with high precision and directs them to designated outputs. The quality factor for the MC waveguides is 20901, 20903 and 20904 at central frequency of 6.2704 GHz, 6.2709 GHz and 6.2714 GHz, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed structure leads to the realization of the three-channel GHz-ranged demultiplexer in magnonic circuits.
Theoretical kinetics with a one-dimensional fluid model and experimental investigation of coaxial XeCl excilamps
Authors: Zhu Qianwen , Zhang Shaochun , Han Qiuyi , Zhang Shanduan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a one-dimensional homogenous model of a high power density XeCl excilamp pumped by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with a larger discharge gap and lower Cl2 density in the Xe/Cl2 mixture in order to research the electrical and chemical discharge characteristics leading to the production of XeCl* molecules for optimal discharge parameters. The peaked wavelength of 308 nm from the emission band of XeCl* exciplex molecules shows great promise for photochemotherapy in biomedicine applications. The temporal evolutions of the plasma voltage, current density, and the species densities are analyzed. The model validity is checked by comparing it with the experimental results. It is shown that the XeCl excilamp has a capacitive discharge during the entire voltage cycle, and the accumulation of charge deposited in the dielectric surfaces plays an extremely important role in promoting the extinction of this discharge and the generation of the next discharge. The ultraviolet (UV) radiant efficiency of the DBD XeCl excilamp depends on the effect of the discharge behavior on the amplitude of the applied voltage, the total gas pressure, and the Cl2 density. The XeCl excilamp has an optimized pressure of around 150 mbar with a maximum radiant efficiency of 8.5% for 308 nm from XeCl* molecules and 1.3% for 172 nm from Xe2* molecules. According to the corrected simulation, the radiant efficiency of the optimum pressure is 5.8% for XeCl*molecules. The Cl2 density in the DBD-based XeCl excilamp strongly influences the balance of electron production and loss due to the dominant dissociative attachment process of electrons to Cl2 molecules, which have significant dependence on the UV light output efficiency. It is demonstrated that the highest XeCl* density occurs near the dielectric during the current pulse. Therefore, the electrical and radiant characteristics of XeCl excilamps can be considered as the basis for designing high power density exciplex lamps in practical applications.
Centrality definition in e + A collisions at the electron–ion collider
Authors: Hegazy Mariam , Rafaat Aliaa , Magdy Niseem , Li Wenliang , Deshpande Abhay , Abdelhady A M H , Ellithi A Y 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the feasibility of defining centrality in electron–ion collisions at the electron–ion collider (EIC) by examining the correlation between the impact parameter and several observables, including total energy, total transverse momentum, and total number of particles. Using the BeAGLE Monte Carlo generator, we simulate e + Au and e + Ru collisions at different energies and analyze the correlation between the impact parameter and these observables across different kinematic regions. Our findings indicate that the correlation is weak in the central rapidity region but becomes stronger in the forward and far-forward rapidity regions. However, the correlation is not sufficiently robust to allow for precise centrality determination. We conclude that defining centrality in electron–ion collisions is more challenging than in ion–ion collisions, necessitating further studies to develop a robust centrality definition for the EIC.
Mode entanglement and isospin pairing in two-nucleon systems
Authors: Kovács J , Kruppa A T , Legeza Ö , Salamon P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we explore the entanglement and correlation in two-nucleon systems using isospin formalism. With the help of Slater decomposition, we derive analytical expressions for various entanglement measures. Specifically, we analyse the one- and two-mode entropies, mutual informations, and a basis-independent characteristic known as the one-body entanglement entropy. To understand the impact of pairing, we consider interactions involving isovector and isoscalar L = 0 pairing terms. Our findings show that certain pairing interactions can maximize one-body entanglement entropy of ground states when both total angular momentum and total isospin have zero projections. We provide numerical examples for the sd shell and explore the mutual informations in LS coupled and jj coupled single-particle bases. We find that the shell structure and angular momentum coupling significantly impact the measures of entanglement. We outline the implications of conserving angular momentum and isospin on one-mode entropies, irrespective of particle number.
Spin injection from a magnetically near-compensated state in GdFeCo and inverse spin Hall effect in electron–hole compensated metal YH2
Authors: Yamazaki Ikuo , Koinuma Yukihiro , Hanajiri Tatsuro , Van Thach Pham , Ranjbar Sina , Sumi Satoshi , Awano Hiroyuki , Nakamura Osamu , Hasegawa Shigehiko , Sakai Masamichi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rare-earth–transition-metal (RE–TM) ferrimagnets are excellent materials for spin encode/decode operations via spin transport in nonmagnetic regions. This superior performance stems from two key factors. First, the antiferromagnetic coupling between RE4f and TM3d sublattices reduces both the spin–transfer–torque switching time and inter-device magnetic-coupling. Second, the RE–TM ferrimagnets function as spin injectors/ejectors, with the TM3d sublattice solely responsible for carrier spin polarization (p), similar to conventional ferromagnetic metals. We performed spin transport experiments using the sign change of p in RE–TM, which exhibits a positive value above the magnetization compensation temperature and a negative value below it. We measured temperature dependencies of the transverse resistances (

R

T

) of electron–hole compensated metal YH2 under out-of-plane spin-polarized current injection/ejection from GdFeCo (Gd:Fe:Co = 25:66:9). The abrupt change in loop polarity of the out-of-plane field dependence of

R

T

in YH2 between 290 and 300 K, which aligns with the out-of-field curve of the polar Kerr rotation in GdFeCo electrodes, strongly suggests that the observed

R

T

results from the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) in YH2. We analytically formulated ISHE in terms of the electron and hole spin currents injected from the spin sources, enabling regression analysis to assess the spin transport characteristics of a GdFeCo/YH2/GdFeCo magnetic double heterostructure. To explain the observed Hall voltages, enhancements in both the spin diffusion length of YH2 and the spin injection efficiency are necessary.