bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of one-stage meta-analytic method based on individual participant data for binary adverse events under the rule of three: a simulation study
Authors: Cheng Liang-Liang , Ju Ke , Cai Rui-Lie , Xu Chang 
Published: January 2019

Objective
In evidence synthesis practice, dealing with binary rare adverse events (AEs) is a challenging problem. The pooled estimates for rare AEs through traditional inverse variance (IV), Mantel-Haenszel (MH), and Yusuf-Peto (Peto) methods are suboptimal, as the biases tend to be large. We proposed the “one-stage” approach based on multilevel variance component logistic regression (MVCL) to handle this problem.

Methods
We used simulations to generate trials of individual participant data (IPD) with a series of predefined parameters. We compared the performance of the MVCL “one-stage” approach and the five classical methods (fixed/random effect IV, fixed/random effect MH, and Peto) for rare binary AEs under different scenarios, which included different sample size setting rules, effect sizes, between-study heterogeneity, and numbers of studies in each meta-analysis. The percentage bias, mean square error (MSE), coverage probability, and average width of the 95% confidence intervals were used as performance indicators.

Results
We set 52 scenarios and each scenario was simulated 1,000 times. Under the rule of three (a sample size setting rule to ensure a 95% chance of detecting at least one AE case), the MVCL “one-stage” IPD method had the lowest percentage bias in most of the situations and the bias remained at a very low level (<10%), when compared to IV, MH, and Peto methods. In addition, the MVCL “one-stage” IPD method generally had the lowest MSE and the narrowest average width of 95% confidence intervals. However, it did not show better coverage probability over the other five methods.

Conclusions
The MVCL “one-stage” IPD meta-analysis is a useful method to handle binary rare events and superior compared to traditional methods under the rule of three. Further meta-analyses may take account of the “one-stage” IPD method for pooling rare event data.
The sensitivity and specificity of methylene blue spray to identify the parathyroid gland during thyroidectomy
Authors: Piromchai Patorn , Juengtrakool Thipphailin , Laohasiriwong Supawan , Kasemsiri Pornthep , Ungarereevittaya Piti 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundHypocalcemia is a common complication of thyroidectomy resulting from an injury to the parathyroid gland. Methylene blue, which is a medication and dye that has been used for more than a century, is safe and readily available. The previous study has found that methylene blue spray on the surgical field is absorbed by the parathyroid gland faster than in the perithyroidal area. This study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of methylene blue spray to identify the parathyroid gland during thyroid lobectomy.MethodsPatients who underwent thyroid lobectomy were recruited. After the recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified, methylene blue was sprayed onto the thyroid bed. After 5 min, the thyroid bed was inspected for areas in which the blue color had been rapidly absorbed. Biopsies were conducted for histopathology at both the stained area and the area in which the color had faded. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.ResultsA total of 47 patients participated in this study. The sensitivity of methylene blue spray to identify the parathyroid gland during thyroid lobectomy was 92.31% (95% CI [63.97–99.81]) and specificity was 56.79% (95% CI [45.31–67.76]). The PPV was 25.53% (95% CI [20.34–31.53]) and NPV was 97.87% (95% CI [87.39–99.67]). There were no patients with post-operative hypocalcemia, allergic reactions to the methylene blue, or methylene blue toxicity.ConclusionThe methylene blue spray could serve as a screening tool for identification of the parathyroid gland.
Algerian Acid Activated Clays as Efficient Catalysts for a Green Synthesis of Solketal by Chemoselective Acetalization of Glycerol with Acetone
Authors: Alali Kouider , Lebsir Fouad , Amri Sondes , Rahmouni Ali , Srasra Ezzedine , Besbes Néji 
Published: January 2019

The production of solketal and conversion of glycerol takes a major importance in the field of the sustainability of the biodiesel industry. The synthesis of (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol by the acetalization of glycerol with acetone successfully applied out using various Algerian acid activated clays (maghnia-H+) under autogenous pressure and without solvent. The acid catalyst clays are prepared by an easy technique by activation with the available and low-cost Maghnia clay. The purified Maghnia clay named ALC and the resulting series of acid-activated clays AL1, AL2, AL3, and AL4 are characterized by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) investigation, N2-adorption/desorption Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, SEM microscopy and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) with copper bisethylenediamine complex method, in order to study the effect of activation at the acid and the catalytic behaviour in the acetalization reaction. The results show a high catalytic activity whose that the yield of solketal production interest reached 95 % at a temperature of 40 °C for a reaction time of 48 hours with full selectivity and glycerol conversion reaching up to 89 %. A mechanistic is proposed to explain the chemoselective of solketal production. These results indicate the potential of this Algerian acid activated clays catalysts for the acetalization of glycerol for an environmentally benign process.
Retinal measurements predict 10‐year disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rothman Alissa , Murphy Olwen C. , Fitzgerald Kathryn C. , Button Julia , Gordon‐Lipkin Eliza , Ratchford John N. , Newsome Scott D. , Mowry Ellen M. , Sotirchos Elias S. , Syc‐Mazurek Stephanie B. , Nguyen James , Caldito Natalia Gonzalez , Balcer Laura J. , Frohman Elliot M. , Frohman Teresa C. , Reich Daniel S. , Crainiceanu Ciprian , Saidha Shiv , Calabresi Peter A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveOptical coherence tomography (OCT)‐derived measures of the retina correlate with disability and cortical gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, whether such measures predict long‐term disability is unknown. We evaluated whether a single OCT and visual function assessment predict the disability status 10 years later.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2008, 172 people with MS underwent Stratus time domain‐OCT imaging [160 with measurement of total macular volume (TMV)] and high and low‐contrast letter acuity (LCLA) testing (n = 150; 87%). All participants had Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) assessments at baseline and at 10‐year follow‐up. We applied generalized linear regression models to assess associations between baseline TMV, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, and LCLA with 10‐year EDSS scores (linear) and with clinically significant EDSS worsening (binary), adjusting for age, sex, optic neuritis history, and baseline disability status.ResultsIn multivariable models, lower baseline TMV was associated with higher 10‐year EDSS scores (mean increase in EDSS of 0.75 per 1 mm3 loss in TMV (mean difference = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.11–1.39; P = 0.02). In analyses using tertiles, individuals in the lowest tertile of baseline TMV had an average 0.86 higher EDSS scores at 10 years (mean difference = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.23–1.48) and had over 3.5‐fold increased odds of clinically significant EDSS worsening relative to those in the highest tertile of baseline TMV (OR: 3.58; 95% CI: 1.30–9.82; Ptrend = 0.008). pRNFL and LCLA predicted the 10‐year EDSS scores only in univariate models.InterpretationLower baseline TMV measured by OCT significantly predicts higher disability at 10 years, even after accounting for baseline disability status.
Porous Silicon Nanoneedles Modulate Endocytosis to Deliver Biological Payloads
Authors: Gopal Sahana , Chiappini Ciro , Penders Jelle , Leonardo Vincent , Seong Hyejeong , Rothery Stephen , Korchev Yuri , Shevchuk Andrew , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOwing to their ability to efficiently deliver biological cargo and sense the intracellular milieu, vertical arrays of high aspect ratio nanostructures, known as nanoneedles, are being developed as minimally invasive tools for cell manipulation. However, little is known of the mechanisms of cargo transfer across the cell membrane‐nanoneedle interface. In particular, the contributions of membrane piercing, modulation of membrane permeability and endocytosis to cargo transfer remain largely unexplored. Here, combining state‐of‐the‐art electron and scanning ion conductance microscopy with molecular biology techniques, it is shown that porous silicon nanoneedle arrays concurrently stimulate independent endocytic pathways which contribute to enhanced biomolecule delivery into human mesenchymal stem cells. Electron microscopy of the cell membrane at nanoneedle sites shows an intact lipid bilayer, accompanied by an accumulation of clathrin‐coated pits and caveolae. Nanoneedles enhance the internalization of biomolecular markers of endocytosis, highlighting the concurrent activation of caveolae‐ and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, alongside macropinocytosis. These events contribute to the nanoneedle‐mediated delivery (nanoinjection) of nucleic acids into human stem cells, which distribute across the cytosol and the endolysosomal system. This data extends the understanding of how nanoneedles modulate biological processes to mediate interaction with the intracellular space, providing indications for the rational design of improved cell‐manipulation technologies.
Analysis of Ultrahigh Apparent Mobility in Oxide Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Chen Changdong , Yang Bo‐Ru , Li Gongtan , Zhou Hang , Huang Bolong , Wu Qian , Zhan Runze , Noh Yong‐Young , Minari Takeo , Zhang Shengdong , Deng Shaozhi , Sirringhaus Henning , Liu Chuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor newly developed semiconductors, obtaining high‐performance transistors and identifying carrier mobility have been hot and important issues. Here, large‐area fabrications and thorough analysis of InGaZnO transistors with enhanced current by simple encapsulations are reported. The enhancement in the drain current and on–off ratio is remarkable in the long‐channel devices (e.g., 40 times in 200 µm long transistors) but becomes much less pronounced in short‐channel devices (e.g., 2 times in 5 µm long transistors), which limits its application to the display industry. Combining gated four‐probe measurements, scanning Kelvin‐probe microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and device simulations, it is revealed that the enhanced apparent mobility up to several tens of times is attributed to the stabilized hydrogens in the middle area forming a degenerated channel area while that near the source‐drain contacts are merely doped, which causes artifact in mobility extraction. The studies demonstrate the use of hydrogens to remarkably enhance performance of oxide transistors by inducing a new mode of device operation. Also, this study shows clearly that a thorough analysis is necessary to understand the origin of very high apparent mobilities in thin‐film transistors or field‐effect transistors with advanced semiconductors.
Biomorphic Engineering of Multifunctional Polylactide Stomatocytes toward Therapeutic Nano‐Red Blood Cells
Authors: Shao Jingxin , Pijpers Imke A. B. , Cao Shoupeng , Williams David S. , Yan Xuehai , Li Junbai , Abdelmohsen Loai K. E. A. , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMorphologically discrete nanoarchitectures, which mimic the structural complexity of biological systems, are an increasingly popular design paradigm in the development of new nanomedical technologies. Herein, engineered polymeric stomatocytes are presented as a structural and functional mimic of red blood cells (RBCs) with multifunctional therapeutic features. Stomatocytes, comprising biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(D,L‐lactide), possess an oblate‐like morphology reminiscent of RBCs. This unique dual‐compartmentalized structure is augmented via encapsulation of multifunctional cargo (oxygen‐binding hemoglobin and the photosensitizer chlorin e6). Furthermore, stomatocytes are decorated with a cell membrane isolated from erythrocytes to ensure that the surface characteristics matched those of RBCs. In vivo biodistribution data reveal that both the uncoated and coated nano‐RBCs have long circulation times in mice, with the membrane‐coated ones outperforming the uncoated stomatoctyes. The capacity of nano‐RBCs to transport oxygen and create oxygen radicals upon exposure to light is effectively explored toward photodynamic therapy, using 2D and 3D tumor models; addressing the challenge presented by cancer‐induced hypoxia. The morphological and functional control demonstrated by this synthetic nanosystem, coupled with indications of therapeutic efficacy, constitutes a highly promising platform for future clinical application.
Identifying and Transmitting the Culture of Emergency Medicine Through Simulation
Authors: Purdy Eve , Alexander Charlotte , Caughley Melissah , Bassett Shane , Brazil Victoria 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSimulation is commonly used in medical education. It offers the opportunity for participants to apply theoretical knowledge and practice nontechnical skills. We aimed to examine how simulation may also help to identify emergency medicine culture and serve as a tool to transmit values, beliefs, and practices to medical learners.MethodsWe undertook a focused ethnography of a simulated emergency department exercise delivered to 98 third‐year medical students. This ethnography included participant observation, informal interviews, and document review. Analysis was performed using a recursive method, a simultaneous deductive and inductive approach to data interpretation.ResultsAll 20 staff (100%) and 92 of 98 medical students (94%) participated in the study. We identified seven core values—identifying and treating dangerous pathology, managing uncertainty, patients and families at the center of care, balancing needs and resources at the system level, value of the team approach, education as integral, and emergency medicine as part of self‐identity—and 27 related beliefs that characterized emergency medicine culture. We observed that culture was transmitted during the simulation exercise.ConclusionThis study contributes to the characterization of the culture of emergency medicine by identifying core values and beliefs that are foundational to the specialty. Simulation facilitated cultural compression, which allowed for ready identification of values, beliefs, and practices and also facilitated transmission of culture to learners. This study expands understanding of the culture of emergency medicine and the role of simulation in the process of cultural exchange.
Factors predicting cessation of status epilepticus in clinical practice: Data from a prospective observational registry (SENSE)
Authors: Kellinghaus Christoph , Rossetti Andrea O. , Trinka Eugen , Lang Nicolas , May Theodor W. , Unterberger Iris , Rüegg Stephan , Sutter Raoul , Strzelczyk Adam , Tilz Christian , Uzelac Zeljko , Rosenow Felix 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the initial termination rate of status epilepticus (SE) in a large observational study and explore associated variables.MethodsData of adults treated for SE were collected prospectively in centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, during 4.5 years. Incident episodes of 1,049 patients were analyzed using uni‐ and multivariate statistics to determine factors predicting cessation of SE within 1 hour (for generalized convulsive SE [GCSE]) and 12 hours (for non‐GCSE) of initiating treatment.ResultsMedian age at SE onset was 70 years; most frequent etiologies were remote (32%) and acute (31%). GCSE was documented in 43%. Median latency between SE onset and first treatment was 30 minutes in GCSE and 150 minutes in non‐GCSE. The first intravenous compound was a benzodiazepine in 86% in GCSE and 73% in non‐GCSE. Bolus doses of the first treatment step were lower than recommended by current guidelines in 76% of GCSE patients and 78% of non‐GCSE patients. In 319 GCSE patients (70%), SE was ongoing 1 hour after initiating treatment and in 342 non‐GCSE patients (58%) 12 hours after initiating treatment. Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated that use of benzodiazepines as first treatment step and a higher cumulative dose of anticonvulsants within the first period of treatment were associated with shorter time to cessation of SE for both groups.InterpretationIn clinical practice, treatment guidelines were not followed in a substantial proportion of patients. This underdosing correlated with lack of cessation of SE. Our data suggest that sufficiently dosed benzodiazepines should be used as a first treatment step.ANN NEUROL 2019;85:421–432.
Naming the Dead: What information do Physical Therapy and Physician Assistant Anatomy Faculty Share With Students?
Authors: Cope Janet M. , Precht Mackenzie C. , Hannah Mary C. , Bennett Cynthia C. 
Published: January 2019

In this novel study, the researchers quantify cadaver information provided to Physical Therapy (PT) and Physician Assistant (PA) anatomy faculty and ask what portion of that information is then shared with students. Descriptive statistics were used to the describe demographics of the study respondents and to report survey responses. The majority (60% or greater) of faculty who teach anatomy to PT and PA students have clinical degrees matching the student groups they teach. Chi‐square analysis showed no appreciable difference (P < 0.001) between PT and PA anatomy faculty in the amount of cadaver information they receive or then share with students. There was a difference in the type of cadaver information (identifying vs. non‐identifying) that is received and then shared by these faculty. Faculty are more likely to receive non‐identifying cadaver information (93%) than identifying information (40%) (P < 0.0001) and share non‐identifying information (83%) than identifying information (26%) with students (P < 0.0003). Interestingly, there is no consensus as to whether sharing cadaver information is respectful or disrespectful to those who donate their bodies for anatomy education and research. Further research is warranted into the reasons anatomy faculty withhold cadaver information from students and in the value, if any, for students knowing more about the cadavers they are learning from.
Beyond ethanol, sugar, and electricity: a critical review of product diversification in Brazilian sugarcane mills
Authors: Klein Bruno Colling , de Mesquita Sampaio Isabelle Lobo , Mantelatto Paulo Eduardo , Filho Rubens Maciel , Bonomi Antonio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProcess integration is an interesting option to reduce costs and improve the economic viability of new processes in sugarcane mills. Brazil has a prolific sugar‐energy sector, with hundreds of sugarcane mills that could possibly act as sources of carbon, energy, and water for annexed plants. While many studies analyze the integration of new technologies into sugarcane biorefineries as greenfield plants, the assessment and establishment of integrated processes into existing plants will help detecting process bottlenecks and enabling the required levels of integration to be better understood prior to designing a full‐scale, greenfield biorefinery. The present review provides an overview of the possibilities for sugarcane mills to diversify the portfolio of products from sugarcane biomass – beyond ethanol, sugar, and electric energy. The work initially considers the integrated production of market‐ready sugarcane‐derived products, such as animal feed, industrial salts, and hydrocarbons in existing Brazilian plants. Finally, the study outlines the prospects for future integration of non‐traditional process alternatives in sugarcane mills, namely bioplastics, organic acids, molecular hydrogen, and advanced lignocellulosic compounds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy for atypical and anaplastic meningioma
Authors: Zhu Hongda , Bi Wenya Linda , Aizer Ayal , Hua Lingyang , Tian Mi , Den Jiaojiao , Tang Hailiang , Chen Hong , Wang Yin , Mao Ying , Dunn Ian F. , Xie Qing , Gong Ye 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effect of adjuvant radiotherapy in management for high‐grade meningiomas, especially atypical meningiomas, remains controversial. We aimed to explore the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in this population. A total of 162 adults with high‐grade meningiomas (99 atypical meningiomas and 63 anaplastic meningiomas) were treated from 2003 to 2008 at Huashan Hospital. One hundred and seventeen patients presented with primary and 45 with recurrent disease. One hundred and fifteen patients (70.9%) were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy after surgical resection. The median follow‐up was 76.5 months (range 1‐142 months). Kaplan‐Meier survival curve and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used for analyses. Adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with prolonged progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with newly diagnosed anaplastic meningiomas irrespective of extent of resection (PFS, P = .001; OS, P = .003). Gross total resection was the only independent prognostic factor for those with newly diagnosed atypical meningiomas (PFS, P < .001; OS, P = .012). A survival benefit for adjuvant radiation was also found in subgroup analysis of patients with high‐grade meningiomas who underwent subtotal resection (PFS, P = .023; OS, P = .013). Among recurrent high‐grade meningiomas, radiotherapy offered no statistically significant improvement in either PFS or OS. Adjuvant radiotherapy is associated with improved survival in patients with newly diagnosed anaplastic meningiomas and those high‐grade meningiomas following subtotal resection. However, there was no significant correlation identified between postoperative radiation and outcome for recurrent high‐grade meningiomas. Future prospective randomized trials may help clarify the optimal tailored treatment for patients with high‐grade meningioma.