bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LITERATURE CIRCLES AS AN IMPLEMENTATION OF READER-RESPONSE THEORY WHEN TEACHING EXTENSIVE READING IN ENGLISH AT UNIVERSITY
Authors: Kosheleva I. N. 
Published: December 2018

Teaching extensive reading at university has a great potential for development of students’ linguistic, thinking and creative skills. By embracing the content of a literary work, students expand their vocabulary and increase their range of grammar constructions. Moreover, literary texts comprise a variety of social, ethical, and moral problems and are characterized by diverse conflicts. They are perceived and understood as a result of literary interpretation and are determined by readers’ life experience and attitudes, cultural and moral standards. Therefore, the reader-response theory becomes relevant, since it considers reading as transaction (interaction) between the reader and the text. It means that the meaning wasn’t put by the author once and for all but will be interpreted differently by different readers. Accordingly, there is no single interpretation of the literary work. The subject of this research is the problem of teaching extensive reading in English at university through reader-response theory. The purpose of the article is to introduce the premises of this theory making a case for its application and to describe the operation of literature circles as a local example of the scientific paradigm. The methodological framework of the research was comprised of the communicative approach to teaching English, task-based language learning and the studentcentered approach in collaborative learning. The article demonstrates that literature circles function in a group where each student performs his/her role and different layers of understanding of the literary text are uncovered through peer discussion. The results of the research can be of interest to both foreign language teachers and to the researchers dealing with applied methodology of teaching literature. The author proves that literature circles favorably affect both students’ motivation for extensive reading and English teaching enhancement at university.
REGIONAL LEADERS OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE SOVIET UNION AND THEIR IDEAS ON ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT IN 1965–1985, SIBERIA*
Authors: Konovalov A. B. 
Published: December 2018

The study defines the positions of the first secretaries of the Siberian regional committees of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in the field of economic management in 1965 – 1985. After sector ministries had been restored, regional CPSU leaders declared that management institutions had to be moved to production centers, thus demanding the organization of inter-regional sector bodies on their territories. The paper shows how regional initiatives were supported by the central party-state bodies that introduced public debates and kept sending letters to the CPSU Central Committee, the heads of the USSR Council of Ministers, and the USSR State Planning Committee. The author managed to reveal the conflicts between the first secretaries of the regional committees of the CPSU. The conflicts were caused by the growing need to control the territorial administration bodies of the allied ministries and departments. One may conclude that the regional party bodies intended to strengthen the coordination of the local economic policy. However, the policy was controversial: on the one hand, there was a need to eliminate the redundant management levels of sector ministries and departments; on the other hand, there was a strong motivation to increase the staff of sector departments of regional and regional party committees.
INFLUENCE OF BUDDHISM ON THE EXPANSION OF WRITING IN THE MID SIXTH CENTURY YAMATO
Authors: Surowen D. A. 
Published: December 2018

The article features the influence of Buddhism, which appeared in Japan in the first half of the VI century, on the expansion of writing and written culture in Yamato. The author believes that the Chinese dynastic stories underestimated the expansion of writing in Japan during the VI century in their wish to link the appearance of the written language with Buddhism, which contradicts the finds of ancient Japanese epigraphic inscriptions on swords and mirrors made in the V century. The confusion in the Chinese sources probably arose from the ancient tradition of talking knots and cuts on wooden plates in the early VI century. Yamato had to refuse from this practice when Buddhism entered Japan in the early VI century. First, Buddhism was introduced at the court of the unrecognized Yamato ruler, prince Hironiwa (future Kimmei) in 538 A.D. It was officially recognized during his rule in 552 A.D., which was confirmed by the Chinese dynastic histories. To read Buddhist literature and write in good Chinese, new Japanese adepts and scientists had to master thieroglyphic writing.
ETHNIC IDENTITY OF KUZBASS RESIDENTS (BASED ON THE RESULTS OF A SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY)
Authors: Морозова Елена , Morozova Elena , Кочнева Оксана , Kochneva Oksana , Сухачева Анна , Sukhacheva Anna 
Published: December 2018

<p><span>Interethnic interaction, which is traditionally important in science, politics, and everyday life, largely depends on one’s ethnic identity: the degree of identiﬁcation with a particular national group, its foundations, culture, and mentality. The information about the manifestations of ethnic identity can timely identify emerging national and international problems in society and ﬁnd the ways to resolve them. The purpose of this article is to analyze the individual characteristics of the ethnic identity of the population of the Kemerovo Region, obtained by a regional sociological survey conducted by a street express interview in October 2017 among the adult population of the region with a representative sample. </span>The obtained sociological facts demonstrate a relatively low level of cognitive and, especially, behavioral identity of Kuzbass residents, the vast majority belonging to the Russian population. A little more than a third of the respondents admitted a sufﬁciently high level of awareness of their national culture peculiarities. Most of the national customs and traditions are observed by less than 30 % of the region inhabitants. Two-thirds of Kuzbass residents have never protected the interests of their nationality in any disputes or conﬂicts. The integral indicator of the level of ethnic identity was just over 3 points on a ﬁve-point scale. A low degree of ethnicity speaks of the need to adjust national policies at the regional and municipal levels.</p>
THE ROLE OF INVESTMENT IN THE FORMATION OF NEW FORMS OF GOVERNANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Тургунбаев Жусуп , Turgunbaev Zhusup , Тургунбаев Мелисбек , Turgunbaev Melisbek 
Published: December 2018

The need to study investment problems rises from the fact that investment is one of the main means of integrating the young sovereign national economy in the process of economic globalization. The investment policy of the recipient of capital, in addition to general theoretical and specific features of the economic reform in a particular country, should contain mechanisms that stimulate the attraction of foreign investment in order to improve the efficiency of the national economy. Economic transformations in Kyrgyzstan proceed in the conditions of investment deficit. An insignificant part of long-term credit investments, small amounts of budget injections, lack of an internal investment market – all these factors indicate a low investment activity of the country’s economy. The aim of this study is to systematically generalize the conditions for investing in new forms of governance in the context of a general globalization of agriculture. The paper clarifies the foundations of innovative development of the agro industrial complex, identifies the directions for the sustainable development of the agro industrial complex, introduces some ways of forming an innovative model for the development of the agricultural sector, and develops some ways of optimizing the investment development of crop and livestock production in the Kyrgyz Republic. The article outlines the main ways to improve the efficiency of their use and includes a qualitative assessment of the investment climate of the national economy.
The effectiveness of disinfection and flushing procedures to prevent coliform persistence in aircraft water systems
Authors: Szabo Jeffrey , Rodgers Mark , Mistry Jatin , Steenbock Joshua , Hall John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A full-scale reproduction of an aircraft drinking water system was conditioned using municipal tap water with a mixture of free chlorine and chloramines, and subsequently contaminated with coliforms. Disinfection was undertaken using chlorine dioxide, ozone and a mixed oxidant solution followed by flushing until no disinfectant residual remained. Results showed that coliforms were not persistent on the aircraft plumbing surfaces, and coliforms were not detected after disinfection and flushing with any disinfectant. The one exception was the aerator installed in the lavatory faucet, which was coliform positive after disinfection with ozone and mixed oxidants. These data suggest that the faucet aerators could be a source of coliform contamination that may result in coliform positive samples. Further experiments conducted on disinfection of aerators with glycolic acid and quaternary ammonia (both commonly used by the airlines) showed no detectable coliforms on coliform contaminated aerators after 30 minutes of soaking in the disinfectants.
Adsorption behavior of isocyanate/ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid-functionalized graphene oxides for Cu2+ removal
Authors: Yang Yan , Yu Yun , Yang Ning-ning , Huang Bin , Kuang Ya-fei , Liao You-wei 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A special adsorption of Cu2+ removal is demonstrated using specifically functionalized graphene oxide (GO)/isocyanate (MDI) composites, on which ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is grafted via amidation and carbamate reaction. The structure and morphology of GO and functionalized composites (EDTA/MDI/GO) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This study investigated the adsorption and desorption behaviors of heavy metal cations and the effects of solution conditions such as pH on Cu2+ removal. The experimental results illustrated that after introducing EDTA and MDI into the GO, the maximum adsorption capacity reached 254.2 ± 10.4 mg/g within 180 min, obviously higher than the GO prepared without these additions (136.5 ± 7.2 mg/g). The EDTA/MDI/GO adsorption kinetics and equilibrium adsorption isotherm fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.995) and Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.986) well, respectively. Furthermore, EDTA/MDI/GO also displayed good reusability for the efficient removal of Cu2+ after being washed with HCl, suggesting potential application in Cu2+ cleanup.
Varying Body Composition and Growth in Indian Adolescents from Different Socioeconomic Strata
Authors: Patel Prerna P. , Patel Pinal A. , Patel Ashish D. , Chiplonkar Shashi A. , Khadilkar Anuradha V. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Early growth stunting has been associated with modifications in body composition
and its direction differs with the local environment. Data on the association between body
composition with growth and the influence of socioeconomic strata (SES) on the same is scarce in
Indian adolescents.

Objective:
The study aimed to examine (i) the associations of SES with body composition and
growth (ii) the relationship between body composition and lifestyle factors (physical activity, diet)
across SES and (iii) interrelationship between the body composition and growth.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study on apparently healthy adolescents (10-14years, n=604) from different
SES, was conducted in Gujarat, Western India. Outcome parameters included anthropometry,
body composition, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and dietary intake.

Results:
84%, 66% and 39% boys, whereas 61%, 43% and 26% girls from upper, middle and lower
SES respectively, were underfat; amongst upper SES, 22% boys and 8% girls were obese (p<0.001).
24% boys and 19% girls from lower SES were stunted (HAZ<-2) (p<0.001). In all SES, 0at mass
(FM) showed an inverse correlation, while 0at free mass (FFM) showed a positive correlation with
MVPA. Comparing the prevalence of stunting across the % body fat categories revealed that 15% of
the underfat boys and 16% of the underfat girls were stunted (p<0.001).

Conclusion:
SES shows a significant impact on body composition with a majority of lower SES adolescents
being underfat. Underfat adolescents were at a greater risk of being stunted.
Understanding the Role of Gadoxetic Acid in MRI
Authors: Rybczynska Dorota , Pienkowska Joanna , Frydrychowski Andrzej , Szurowska Edyta , Jankowska Anna 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Radiological imaging methods used at a large scale in the assessment of
hepatic lesions include: Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance. To further characterize
these lesions, specific contrast agents may be added, thus revealing the vascularity of the
lesions.

Discussion:
This review focuses on gadoxetic acid, which is a hepatospecific contrast agent used in
MRI. The aim of the review is to briefly explain the mechanism of GA enhancement, describe the
enhancement patterns of some benign and malignant hepatic lesions and discuss possible advantages
of GA over standard contrast agents.

Conclusion:
The role of GA in functional MR cholangiography and the idea of accessing liver function
by measuring parenchymal enhancement will also be explained.
The Effect of Use of Anidulafungin on Failure of Weaning Due to Ventilator-associated Pneumonia which Complicate Contused Lungs
Authors: Allam Mohamed Gaber Ibrahium Mostafa 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:Failure of weaning is considered one of the most difficult challenges facing any intensivist especially in the devitalized lung due to infected lung contusion. Unsatisfactory results with prolonged treatment with the proper broad-spectrum antibiotics raise the point of exclusion of candidemia or suspected pulmonary candidiasis which is considered a major problem not only because of increasing rate (2-10 per 1000 ICU admission) but also because of difficult diagnosis. Patients with failure of weaning due to unresolved VAP after receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics for more than 10 days especially in preexisting severe lung contusion should be put on empirical systemic antifungal. Echinocandins are a new class of antifungal drugs used as a reliable class for empirical systemic antifungal treatment.Aim of Work:The study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of the use of anidulafungin on weaning from the ventilator due VAP which complicates traumatized contused lungs after 2 weeks from ventilation.Patients and Methods:This was a prospective double-blind study done on 200 patients admitted to King Abdulaziz Specialized Hospital, Taif, KSA between March 2015 and August 2018 in surgical ICU with the failure of weaning due to Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) complicate contused lungs. Group (A) 100 patients started on antibiotics regimen according to qualitative culture for 2 weeks while group (B) 100 patients received anidulafungin with the antibiotics regimen.In this study, diagnosis of lung contusion was made by Computerized Axial Tomography (CT) chest while both VAP was diagnosed by a modified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS). A score of 6 or more was considered VAP.Results:Comparing the data of the patients in the 3 studied periods (1st5 days, 2nd5 days and last 4 days) controlled tracheal secretion was recorded in 15, 38 and 46 patients in group A respectively in the 3 studied periods compared to 28, 75 and 83 in group B. Less parenchymatous lung infiltration in the chest X-ray found was in 12, 40 and 48 patients in group A compared to 24, 88 and 91 patients in group B. Improvement of the hypoxic index in 48, 76 and 85 patients in group A was compared to 66, 90 and 98 patients in B. Normalization of temperature in 16, 36 and 54 patients in group A while 40, 76 and 90 patients in B and reduction of total leucocytic count in 18, 35 and 57 patients in group A while 38, 70 and 87 patients in group B were observed. There were 15 out of 98 patients in Group A not weaned while only 5 out of 100 patients in group B failed to be weaned from mechanical ventilation within the study period (2 weeks).Conclusion:The use of anidulafungin with proper antibiotics in patients with failure of weaning due to VAP complicate contused lung efficiently treated VAP and reduced the morbidity by accelerating the weaning from the ventilator compared to the use of proper antibiotics alone.
Kızılbaş/Alevî Toplumunda Yeni Bir Ocak ve Topluluğun İnşası: Anşa Bacı ve Keçeli Sıraçlar
Authors: Çakmak Yalçın 
Published: December 2018

Kızılbaşlık yahut diğer adıyla Alevîlik, II. Abdülhamid dönemi taşra ve merkez bürokrasisi tarafından, içerisinde bulunulan dönemin özgün koşullarından ötürü “özellikle” gözetim altında tutulup, takip edilmiştir. Anşa Bacı ve aile efradı da, söz konusu dönemin Kızılbaşlarından olup, devlet tarafından “Keçeli Sıraç” olarak tabir edilen Beydili-Sıraç Aşireti’ne mensuptur. Bu topluluğun kendisi aynı zamanda, Anadolu’daki Alevî ocaklarından olan “Hubyar Ocağı’nın” da talipleridir.
Anşa Bacı’nın kocası Veli, başlangıçta Hubyar Ocağı’nda “sofuluk” hizmetini yürüten bir şahıs olup, sonrasında Hubyarlı dedelere yönelik getirdiği eleştirilerle tarihi bir ayrışmayı başlatmıştır. Veli’nin ölümünden sonra, eşi Anşa Bacı bu durumu aynen devam ettirmiş ve kendisine bağlı bulunan Sıraçlar içerisinde gerçekleştirdiği iddia edilen bir takım uygulamalardan ötürü devletin dikkatini çekmiştir. Sivas, Tokat, Niksar, Amasya ve Yozgat havalisinde bulunan bağlılarına, “küçük oğlu Hasan’ı ‘Mehdi’ olarak tanıtmak, mal-mülkte ortaklığı savunarak Sıraçlar içerisinde bir takım yardımlar toplayıp aynı zamanda bu topluluğa yardım etmek ve silahlanmak” Anşa Bacı ve ailesine yönelik öne sürülen belli başlı iddialardandır. Bu iddialardan ötürü, Tokat’ın Zile kazasında yaşamakta olan Anşa Bacı ve aile efradına yönelik, bir ihbar/şikâyette bulunulmuş ve buna istinaden devlet tarafından bir tahkikat gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Tahkikat boyunca somut bir delile ulaşılmamasına rağmen Anşa Bacı, çocukları ve damadının da arasında bulunduğu aile üyelerinin Şam’a sürgün edilmesine karar verilmiştir. Sürgünden sonra tekrar Zile’ye dönen Anşa Bacı, bütün bu süre boyunca topluluğu nezdinde karizmatik bir şahsiyet haline gelip, etkileri günümüze değin devam ede gelen ve kendi adıyla anılan bir “Anşa Bacılılar” inanç grubu ve ocağının şekillenmesine vesile olmuştur. Meydana gelen bu tarihi gelişmeler Hubyarlılar ile Anşa Bacılılar arasında hali hazırda sürmekte olan ayrılığı besleyip, iki topluluğun kendi konumlarını konsolide etmesi üzerinde doğrudan bir etki de yaratmıştır.
Hünkâriler Luristan Hünkârileri: Lekler, Zendler, Lurlar, Bahtiyariler ve Türkler
Authors: Küçükkalfa Ahmet 
Published: December 2018

Hünkâr Hacı Bektâş-ı Veli’nin Horasan-Nişabur’dan Anadolu’ya seyahati sırasında uğradığı Aslanlı Sahra’da taşa çevirdiği aslanlar konusu ilgimi çekmiş ve 2016 yılında Luristan’a gerçekleştirdiğim keşif gezisi bir araştırmaya dönüşmüştü. Hünkâr, geleneksel Doğu- Batı “Hac ve Göç” yolundan yani Hemedan-Kuzey Luristan (Lek–Delfan) toprakları üzerinden Irak topraklarına geçmişti. Hünkâr’ın Vilayetnamesi’nde izlendiği gibi bölgede Hünkâr’a bağlı Hünkâri inancı yeşermişti.Günümüz Hünkâri inancı, Hünkâr’dan yaklaşık yüz yıl sonra bölgede (Lek–Delfan’da) faaliyet gösteren Sultan İshak’ı inanç kurucusu olarak kabul eder. Öğreti de (İnanışta) yüce yaratıcının adı Farsça “Havendkâr” idi. (Havendkâr, Handkâr, Havendigâr, Hüdâvendigâr, Hünkâr) Türkiye Türkçe’sinde “Hünkâr” ve “Hüdâvendigâr” biçimi önem kazanarak, dünyevileşmiştir. Sadık Safizade’nin derlediği “Name-i Serencam” adlı inanca ait kutsal kitapta, Hünkâr Hacı Bektâş-ı Veli, yaşadığı zamanın Hünkâr’ıdır. İnancın ilk ve en önemli şairi Bayrak Kuşcuoğlu’nun şiirleri de Türkçe’dir.
Sultan İshak’ın takipçileri Hünkâriler günümüz İran sahasında “Ehl-i Hak” (ve Ali İlâhi /Aliyü’l İlâhi) topluluklarıdır. İnançları esas olarak şiir formunda korunmuştur. “Farsça: Guyende, Arapça: Kelâmgu, Türkçe: Söyleyici” olarak hitap edilen 24 sufi söyleyici, başlangıç tarihlerinden itibaren inancı, Türkçe şiir-nefeslerle ifade etmişlerdir. İnanç kurucusu Sultan İshak’tan sonra inancın en kutlu kişisi, inanç kurucusunun torunu ve aynı zamanda Sultan İshak’tan sonra inancın liderliğini üstlenen Şah İbrahim’dir. Şah İbrahim döneminin söyleyicisi (kelâmgu, guyende) Bayrak Kuşcuoğlu, Ehl-i Hak inancın ilk söyleyicisi ve en önemli, en bilinen ve en ünlü şairidir.(Kuşkusuz sonraki dönemlerde diğer etnik gruplara hitap eden şairler de vardır.) Ehl-i Haklar’la ilgili çevreler, 24 guyendeden Kul Veli ve Kuloğlu’nun Hacı Bektaş’la, Yunus’un Yunus Emre ile ilgili olduklarını düşünmektedirler (Bu konunun da araştırılması umuduyla). İnancın takipçilerinden özellikle Türk-Ateş Beyli topluluğu, en büyük topluluk olup, çeşitli tahminlere göre, Ateşbeyliler’in oranı %30-40 arasındadır (Hünkâri inancı yani “Ehl-i Hak’lar” ve “Ali İlâhi /Aliyü’l İlâhi’ler” ayrı bir yazı konusudur.).
Orta Doğu coğrafyasında bin yıllık Türk egemenliğinin başlamasıyla birlikte, Hünkâri inancının yeşerdiği Hemedan-Musul arasındaki bu “Hac ve Göç” yoluna, Türk soylu toplulukları yerleşmiş, yüzyıllar boyunca yolun güvenliği, öncelikle Türk soylu topluluklara emanet edilmiştir (Kanuni’nin 1533-1535 seferi sonrası Hemedan şehrinden Musul’a kadar topraklar Osmanlı yönetimindedir). Günümüzde Luristan bölgesinin ve Lekler’in etnik yapısı hakkında tartışmalar sürmektedir. Bu araştırmamızın gösterdiği gibi Lekler, Anadolu’da hatta İran’da soydaşları olan, Türk asıllı topluluklardır. Oryantalistlerin sürekli ilgi alanında bulunan bölge, kültürel tarihimizin bir parçasıdır.