bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A descrição poética da urbs e a Convenção dos Heróis Fundadores no Livro VIII da Eneida: Hércules, Evandro e Eneias
Authors: Araújo Mota Thiago Eustáquio 
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo analisamos um trecho do livro Viii da Eneida no qual o herói troiano visita o sítio da futura Roma, sendo acolhido pelo grego Evandro, fundador de Palanteu, na mesma ocasião em que os árcades comemoram a passagem de hércules pelo lácio. Das margens do tibre até o Palatino, o anfitrião conduz o hospede troiano por espaços que eram familiares ao público da epopeia. A partir do procedimento histórico hermenêutico, problematizamos as escolhas do poeta na compilação de narrativas fundacionais distintas que oferecem, por sua vez, uma etiologia para os monumentos e espaços religiosos da urbs: entre outros, ara Máxima, lupercal, Porta carmental, capitólio. Diferentemente das narrativas de viagem, a construção poética de roma no livro Viii da Eneida reúne aspectos de distintas temporalidades da mesma cidade. com o propósito de compreendermos as referências topográficas da Eneida, para além da análise hermenêutica e exegética do texto latino, dialogamos com a documentação contemporânea a Virgílio, como as obras de Tito Lívio, Dionísio de Halicarnasso, assim como os dados fornecidos pela arqueologia.
Palavras-chave: Eneida; temporalidades narrativas; roma.
Corpo heroico, ideal flaviano: uma leitura da Argonáutica de Valério Flaco
Authors: Taveira Baptista Natan Henrique 
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo, interpretam-se as representações corporais heroicas da Argonáutica de Valério flaco para, em seguida, localizá-las politicamente no recém-iniciado Principado de Vespasiano. Primeiramente, apresentam-se as contribuições que o exame do gênero épico mitológico, especialmente dos seus componentes factuais e ficcionais, oferece para a Epistemologia histórica. Em seguida, investigam e analisam-se os aspectos mitopoéticos relacionados ao corpo heroico flaquiano, a partir do espírito agônico e emulativo da tradição literária na antiguidade clássica. constata-se que a construção do herói feita por flaco, bem como da sua dimensão corporal, está assentada primeiramente sobre virtudes atléticas e bélicas, além de expansionistas, como a audácia, a honra, a fama e a glória. assim, flaco atualiza o herói épico ao contexto de emergência dos flávios, no qual era esperada a ênfase na habilidade militar, uma vez que a atual governança havia ascendido pelo domínio dessa aptidão. Finalmente, conclui-se que a épica flaquiana e o ideal heroico de Jasão, em especial, aludem e promovem o novo regime e a recém-fundada dinastia.
Palavras-chave: Argonáutica; Valério flaco; corpo heroico.
Introduction to a thematic review: Pragmatics research in Chinese as a second language
Authors: Taguchi Naoko , Li Shuai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs Chinese is quickly becoming the language for intercultural communication, rules and norms of interaction in Chinese – how to speak with the level of politeness and formality required in a situation, or to understand another person’s intention communicated indirectly – are critical aspects of learning Chinese. Despite this growing interest in Chinese teaching and research, most studies have focused on formal aspects of Chinese competence (e.g., grammar and character knowledge), and little research has addressed pragmatic aspects of Chinese learning (Taguchi, 2015). To fill this gap, this thematic review presents four empirical studies on pragmatics in Chinese as a second language. Four studies deal with a variety of pragmatic features in Chinese (e.g., sentence final particles, formulaic expressions, request-making forms, mitigation strategies, stance markers) to illustrate how those features can inform us about L2 Chinese learners’ pragmatic competence and development.
Adolescents’ perceptions of social media writing: Has non-standard become the new standard?
Authors: Hilte Lisa , Vandekerckhove Reinhild , Daelemans Walter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe present study examines adolescents’ attitudes and perceptions with respect to writing practices on social media. It reports the findings of a survey conducted among 168 Flemish high school students with various socio-demographic profiles. The survey examines linguistic attitudes and awareness of sociolinguistic patterns in computer-mediated communication, as well as relevant language skills. Moreover, the present paper uniquely combines the study of both adolescents’ perceptions and their production of informal online writing, as the participants’ responses to the survey are compared to their peers’ actual online writing practices.The respondents appear to have a fairly accurate intuition with respect to age and gender patterns in social media writing, but much less so with respect to education-related patterns. Furthermore, while typical chatspeak phenomena are easily identified as such, ordinary spelling mistakes often are not. Strikingly, the teenagers do not claim a high standard language proficiency, although they do state to care about standard language use in formal contexts. Finally, some significant differences were found between participants with distinct socio-demographic profiles, e. g. girls and highly educated teenagers appear to be more sensitive to the potential negative connotations of linguistic features and that sensitivity seems to increase with age.
Beyond sameness and difference: Narrative sense-making in life and literature
Authors: Meretoja Hanna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article analyses two major problems in the dichotomous framing of the question of whether narratives in fiction and “real life” are the same or different. The dichotomy prevents us from seeing, first, that there arebothcrucialsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetween them and, second, that there are important similarities between variants of the “similarity approach”andthe “difference approach”, both of which tend to rely on ahistorical, universalizing and empiricist-positivistic assumptions concerning factuality, raw experience and the non-referentiality of narrative fiction. The article presents as an alternative to both approaches narrative hermeneutics, which sees all narratives as culturally mediated and historically changing interpretative practices but approaches literary narratives as specific modes of making sense of the world – as ones that have truth-value on a different level than non-literary narratives. Narrative hermeneutics shares with (at least some forms of) unnatural narratology and the Örebro School a passion for the uniqueness of literary narratives, but it places the emphasis on the ability of literature to disclose the world to us in existentially charged ways that would not be otherwise culturally available – in ways that open up new possibilities of thought, action and affect.
Imaginary scenarios: On the use and misuse of fiction
Authors: Grishakova Marina , Gramigna Remo , Sorokin Siim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that the examination of representational (formal) and semantic (referential) features of fictional and factual narratives would be incomplete without discussing specific pragmatic (communicative, performative, heuristic, and cognitive) functions of fiction – how and why “fictions” are used in literature and arts, but also in scientific, philosophical, and everyday discourses. On the one hand, the pragmatic approach blurs the fictional/ factual divide and identifies similarities in the use of fiction across disciplinary borders. On the other, as we argue, to avoid panfictionalism inherent in Vaihinger’s philosophy of “as if” the pragmatic act of boundary-crossing should be accompanied by mapping out new “cross-territorial” forms and distinctions. The paper revises and recasts the “cross-territorial” concept of scenario as a narrative structure and a type of fictional modeling and explores its semantic and pragmatic features.
How to become a medical professor – a comparative analysis of academic requirements in Germany and the United States
Authors: Alawi Seyed Arash , Luketina Rosalia , Krezdorn Nicco , Busch Lukas Fabian , Limbourg Anne , Branski Ludwik , Vogt Peter M. , Jokuszies Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe acquisition of a medical professorship represents a significant step in a physician’s academic career. The responsibility as well as the honor and the associated obligations are significant; however, the requirements to become a medical professor vary in Germany.ObjectiveWe analyzed the variable requirements for prospective medical professors in Germany, with special focus on the tenure track concept and the U.S. system.MethodsBased on an online research, we queried German medical faculty regulations to obtain a medical professorship within Germany.ResultsWe analyzed 35 German universities. On average, 11 publications are required after “venia legendi” to meet professorship (apl) prerequisites (median x̅ = 10, max = 24, min = 6, n = 16), whereas 6 publications with first or last authorship are required on average (x̅ = 6, max = 16, min = 4, n = 26). In most German universities, it takes an average of 4 years after gaining habilitation to apply for a professorship (x̅ = 5 years, max = 6 years, min = 2 years). Candidates for university chair positions, however, can shorten this period by an average of 38%.DiscussionIn the German academic system, the prerequisites to gain a professorship differ among universities. Due to different scientific cooperation and exchange programs, research and academic activities have reached an intense international exchange level. Yet there is no international or even national standardization, quality assurance, and comparability to gain a medical professorship.
Antibacterial, anthelmintic, and analgesic activities of Piper sylvaticum (Roxb.) leaves and in silico molecular docking and PASS prediction studies of its isolated compounds
Authors: Chy Md. Nazim Uddin , Chakrabarty Nishan , Roy Ajoy , Paul Arkajyoti , Emu Khadija Aktar , Dutta Trishala , Dutta Emon , Ferdous Irin , Das Raju , Hasan Md. Jahid , Tasnim Syeda Mashnia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial, anthelmintic, and analgesic activities of methanol extract of P. sylvaticum leaves (MEPSL) in experimental models. Then, computational analysis (in silico molecular docking and PASS prediction) was performed to determine the potent phytoconstituents of total six isolated compounds of this plant for antibacterial and anthelmintic activities.

Methods
Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies were carried out by established methods. In vitro antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion technique and anthelmintic activity was tested against Tubifex tubifex worm whereas analgesic activity was determined by the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. Molecular docking study was performed using Schrödinger Maestro 10.1 and an online tool used for PASS prediction.

Results
Our phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and also indicated a substantial amount of phenols (65.83 mg), flavonoids (102.56 mg), and condensed tannins (89.32 mg). MEPSL showed good antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Our result exhibited that MEPSL has strong anthelmintic action compared to standard levamisole. In addition, the extract also showed a dose-dependent and statistically significant analgesic activity at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, body weight. Docking studies showed that piperine and piperlonguminine have the best scores for the tested enzymes. PASS predicted the antibacterial and anthelmintic activity of both phytoconstituents.

Conclusions
This study suggests that MEPSL possess significant antibacterial, anthelmintic, and analgesic activities which could be related to the presence of several phytochemicals. The phytoconstituents, i.e. piperine and piperlonguminine were found to be most effective in computational studies.
A Tale of Two CDs: Archaeological Analysis of Full-Motion Video Formats in Two PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 Games
Authors: Aycock John , Reinhard Andrew , Therrien Carl 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As an example of how the archaeology of modern/contemporary media can be conducted, we examine the technology behind artifacts with cultural relevance in modern society: video games. In particular, we look at two game artifacts from the PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16, a game console produced from 1987–1994. A 1× CD-ROM drive could be added on to the console, with a corresponding increase in the amount of data a game could access, and some games took advantage of this capability to include full-motion video (FMV). This digital excavation report details the FMV formats of two such games along with the methodology used to reverse engineer the formats and verify the correctness of the analysis.
A Computationally Assisted Reconstruction of an Ontological Argument in Spinoza’s The Ethics
Authors: Horner Jack K. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The comments accompanying Proposition (Prop.) 11 (“God ... necessarily exists”) in Part I of Spinoza’s The Ethics contain sketches of what appear to be at least three more or less distinct ontological arguments. The first of these is problematic even on its own terms. More is true: even the proposition “God exists” (GE), a consequence of Prop. 11, cannot be derived from the definitions and axioms of Part I (the “DAPI”) of The Ethics; thus, Prop. 11 cannot be derived from the DAPI, either. To prove these claims, I use an automated deduction system (ADS) to show that Prop. 11 is independent of the DAPI. I then augment the DAPI with some auxiliary assumptions I believe Spinoza would accept and that sustain an automated derivation of (GE). The results illustrate how an ADS can facilitate the analysis of arguments and yield an apparently novel argument cast in the style of Spinoza.
No Entrepreneurship without Opportunity: The Intersection of Return Migration Research and Entrepreneurship Literature
Authors: Croitoru Alin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe article proposes a theoretical discussion at the crossroads of the return migration scholarship with the entrepreneurship research. Its main goal is to build an analytical framework in which entrepreneurial experiences of international return migrants are conceptualized. The fertile theoretical legacy within the study of entrepreneurship along with an idealized view of the positive effects of migration constitute essential premises for understanding the biased outputs of the empirical studies of entrepreneurship upon return to the origin country. Firstly, the article draws on the main lines of theorising opportunities within the Weberian and Schumpeterian theoretical traditions. Secondly, it points out how contemporary studies of entrepreneurship reinforced this perspective and placed great emphasis on individual agents able to benefit from opportunities within the return context. The final part of the paper illustrates several modalities in which scholars concerned with return migration were affected by the mythical image of the entrepreneur. As a corollary, necessity entrepreneurship is sporadically used in this niche of study and it usually has only a complementary role. The paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the challenges of transposing entrepreneurship’ theoretical insights into different empirical research designs.
Islamists in Power
Authors: Shalata Ahmed Zaghloul 
Published: August 2019

In the first parliamentary elections after Mr. Mubarak’s overthrow in February 2011, the Muslim Brotherhood’s newly formed Freedom and Justice Party had won nearly half the seats in the People’s Assembly. The Muslim Brotherhood, had, over the two previous years, gained political expansion in parliament. The Brotherhood entered into a coalition with other Islamist parties including two Salafist parties, forming an Islamist bloc, but their experience ended with their removal from power and significant changes in the structure of the Brotherhood.
Based on the political programs of the Islamist parties in Egypt, this article seeks to analyze the experience of Islamists in power by focusing on their practical perceptions of the Islamist political system.
The article concludes that the political Islamist organizations lacked a coherent mechanism to propel them from the stage of the organization’s (political party) management to a stage of state administration. Egyptian Islamist groups had no specific perception of the nature of the state, or of an applied model to implement the “Islamic state.” Although these groups had a declared project, which they had been attempting to establish for decades, their focus was solely on discussing the expected outcome they had hoped to achieve, while neglecting to elaborate on how their affairs could be run, once in power. This shortfall was due to an accumulation of the multiple problems the groups had faced, whether they be conceptual reasons of state, power issues, or the organizational obstacles strewn along the paths of the components that comprised the group, which had prevented them, over decades, from overcoming them. Hence, the traditional mechanisms they continued to apply while in power proved inadequate in responding to the crises inherent in the experience of government. They failed to introduce new mechanisms to address the issues as dictated by the necessity for practical experience and solutions once they had attained power.
Antidiabetic medication and risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nested case–control study
Authors: Wium-Andersen Ida Kim , Osler Merete , Jørgensen Martin Balslev , Rungby Jørgen , Wium-Andersen Marie Kim 
Published: August 2019

Objective
Diabetes is a risk factor for dementia, but whether antidiabetic medication decreases the risk is unclear. We examined the association between antidiabetic medication and dementia.

Design
We performed a nested case–control study within a cohort of all 176 250 patients registered with type 2 diabetes in the Danish National Diabetes Register between 1995 and 2012. This population was followed for dementia diagnosis or anti-dementia medication use until May 2018. Using risk-set sampling, each dementia case (n = 11 619) was matched on follow-up time and calender year of dementia with four controls randomly selected among cohort members without dementia (n = 46 476). Ever use and mean daily defined dose of antidiabetic medication was categorized in types (insulin, metformin, sulfonylurea and glinides combined, glitazone, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) analogs, sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and acarbose).

Methods
Conditional logistic regression models were fitted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for dementia associated with antidiabetic medication use, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Use of metformin, DPP4 inhibitors, GLP1 analogs, and SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with lower odds of dementia after multible adjustments (ORs of 0.94 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89–0.99), 0.80 (95% CI 0.74–0.88), 0.58 (95% CI: 0.50–0.67), and 0.58 (95% CI: 0.42–0.81), respectively), with a gradual decrease in odds of dementia for each increase in daily defined dose. Analyses of the most frequent treatment regimes did not show any synergistic effects of combined treatment.

Conclusion
Use of metformin, DPP4 inhibitors, GLP1 analogs and SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with lower risk of dementia in patients with diabetes.
El papel actual de la academia como actor fundamental del desarrollo local y regional
Authors: Ramírez Ospina Marco Antonio 
Published: August 2019

El fortalecimiento del proceso investigativo en la Universidad La Gran Colombia,ha permitido identificar las necesidades actuales de los municipios del Quindíoen materia de ordenamiento territorial, ratificando la pertinencia de la participaciónde la academia en los procesos de desarrollo. Es por eso que a través de propuestasÂ concretas, la Facultad de Arquitectura se vislumbra como protagonista de estosÂ procesos, dentro de su compromiso esencial con un Desarrollo Regional fundamentadoÂ en la sinergia entre actores locales.
Diagnóstico de las brechas de competitividad del sector de muebles de madera del departamento del Quindío a través del análisis de variables críticas informe de investigación
Authors: Forero Ortiz Giselle Edith , Alzate Carlos Gilberto 
Published: August 2019

El diagnóstico de las brechas de competitividad del sector de muebles demadera del departamento del Quindío, a través del análisis de variables críticas,Â permite establecer la condición de las cuatro etapas de encadenamiento productivo,Â en los principales factores de competitividad.Los resultados de este estudio, permiten visualizar en la etapa de Recepciónde Materia Prima, la no aplicación de estándares y normas técnicas dentro delproceso, permitiendo la comercialización de todo tipo de maderas, sin restricciónÂ legal, ni tratamiento de calidad y condición, llevando este problema a la etapa deÂ transformación, donde se refleja en desperdicios de recursos y reprocesos, incrementoÂ en los costos, además de problemas en el producto final.La no aplicación de tecnologías avanzadas en cada uno de las etapas, atrasalas competencias en términos de recurso humano, impide la tecnificación de equipos, el desarrollo de nuevos productos y el mejoramiento de los procesos.Como conclusión general se observa que la industria del mueble en el departamentoÂ del Quindío, requiere una agremiación que permita el fortalecimiento de losÂ cluster relacionados y de los eslabones, asegurando la producción, mejoramientoÂ tecnológico y el abastecimiento de madera, desde recursos propios del Departamento,Â estableciendo precios regulados, y no dependiendo del abastecimiento deÂ los mercados informales externos que no garantizan procedencia ni calidad yÂ manejan el precio según su conveniencia.También requiere implementar programas de inversión en capacitación endiferentes campos, adquisición de nuevos equipos, mejoramiento de procesos,entre otras, lo que conlleve a la aplicación de estándares y al mejoramientotécnico, haciendo más competitiva la cadena forestal del departamento del Quindío.
Tp-e interval and Tp-e/qt ratio in patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: TEKİN TAK Bahar , ÇAY Serkan , YÜKSEL Mahmut , EKİZLER Firdevs Ayşenur , AKDOĞAN AYHAN Meral , KAFES Habibe , YAYLA Çağrı , KAYAÇETİN Ertuğrul 
Published: August 2019

Aim: Ventricular repolarization is assessed using
the Tp-e interval and QT interval corrected by the heart rate (QTc) via an
electrocardiogram (ECG). Prolonged Tp-e/QTc is related with an increased risk
of arrhythmias and cardiac mortality. As there have been few reports regarding
the effects of NAFLD on ventricular repolarization, we aimed
to appraise the assessment of Tp-e
interval and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with NAFLD. Material
and Methods: Totally 97 patients with NAFLD and 77 control subjects were enrolled in our study. Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc
ratios were measured from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. Results:
Heart rate was similar between groups (74.8 ± 10.1 vs. 75.7 ± 11.7; p=0.598). QT interval
(396.0 ± 34.2 vs.
384.6 ± 30.7;
p=0.023) and QTc interval (403.6 ± 34.8 vs. 399.9 ± 36.3; p=0.027), Tp-e
interval (100.4 ± 13.6 vs.
91.4 ± 13.4;
p&lt;0.001) , Tp-e/QT ratio (0.25
± 0.03 vs.
0.23 ± 0.03;
p=0.003) and Tp-e/QTc ratio (0.23
± 0.03 vs.
0.21 ± 0.03;
p=0.002) were significantly different between groups. There was significant
correlation between Tp-e interval (r=
0.328, p&lt;0.001) and Tp-e/QTc ratio and hepatic steatosis grade (r= 0.237,
p=0.002).

Conclusion:
Tp-e interval, QT
interval, QTc interval, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios were prolonged in patients
with NAFLD.
NAFLD
is found an independent factor for increased Tp-e/QT ratio. This is the first study that investigated the Tp-e
interval and Tp-e/QT parameters in patients with NAFLD.