bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and clinical rationale for the gastrointestinal bleeding treatment with endoscopic high frequency welding bipolar electrocoagulation
Authors: P. D. Fomin  , S. O. Oparin  , O. O. Dyadyk  , Ya. P. Feleshtinsky  , B. V. Sorokin  , D. V. Lutsenko  
Published: April 2019

Problem of gastrointestinal bleeding treatment remains relevant, due to the high mortality. Endoscopic haemostasis reduces both general and postoperative mortality 3 — 4 times. There are a number of methods for endoscopic haemostasis: chemical, injectable, monopolar coagulation, argon plasma coagulation, laser coagulation and clapping.The aim — to substantiate experimentally and morphologically the use of high­frequency welding bipolar electrocoagulation with the EK­300M1 apparatus in gastrointestinal bleeding endoscopic treatment and introduce it into clinical practice.Materials and methods. An experimental study of a new local haemostasis method for bleeding vessels and erosions (patent N 124885 dated 25.04.2018, A method for treating patients with gastrointestinal bleeding) with morphological verification of the state of the vessels was done with experimental study on 10 pigs aged 5 — 7 years, weighing 85 — 100 kg. For high­frequency welding bipolar coagulation, two probes were used, connected to the EK­300 M1 apparatus in the overlap mode: 2.2 mm in diameter (patent N 115147 dated 04.04.2017) with a convex electrode (N 1) and 3.2 mm (modified) with a concave electrode (N 2).Results and discussion. It has been established that to stop bleeding from vessels with a diameter of up to 1 mm, it is most effective to use probe N 1 with an exposure time of 15 s; for vessels with a diameter of more than 1 mm­ probe N 2 with an exposure time of 30 s.Conclusions. High­frequency welding bipolar electrocoagulation has advantages over other methods of endoscopic haemostasis and can be recommended as the method of choice for the gastrointestinal.
Evaluation of Ground Water Quality For AL Shuwayja area –Wasit Provence Using GIS Technique
Authors: Hilo Ali Nasser 
Published: April 2019

The low level of water in rivers in Iraq leads to poor water quality, on that basis; we need to assess Iraq's water resources for uses of irrigation and drinking water. This study present a model accounts for ground water quality by using a water quality index (WQI) for the region defined between the city of Kut and the city of Badra in Wasit province. this study relies on a system of wells set up along the path through the Badra –Kut and around it up to 78 wells. The study showed poor quality of ground water in the region of study and it is unsuitability for irrigation and drinking water, as well as provided a solution to the water accumulated in the Shuwayja to reduce the bad effect on groundwater by using a system of branch and collection canals then pumping at the effluent of Al Shuwayja in seasons of rainy season ..Water quality index calculated depend on the basis of various physic-chemical parameters as PH, Ec , TDS, TSS, Nacl , SO4 ,Na , and Mg. The resultant and analytical are present with use of Arch GIS program – geostastical analysis for the water index and water quality parameters
Natural Convection Flow on a Vertical Cylinder with Sinusoidal Temperature Oscillation Under The Effect of Magneto Hydrodynamic
Authors: AL-Hafidh Manal H. 
Published: April 2019

The present work investigates the effect of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) laminar natural convection flow on a vertical cylinder subjected to sinusoidal temperature oscillation. The governing equations which used are continuity, momentum and energy equations. These equations are transformed to dimensionless equations using vortices-stream function method and the resulting nonlinear system of partial differential equations are then solved numerically using finite difference approximation. A computer program was built to calculate the rate of heat transfer in terms of average Nussle number, velocity distribution as well as temperature distribution for a selection of magneto hydrodynamic parameter range , dimensionless amplitude and dimensionless time τ΄ (0.2 – 0.8). Numerical solution have been considered for a fluid Prenatal 542 number fixed at (Pr=0.7), Rayleigh number . Generally, the results show that Nu increase as Ra, M and a increase and decrease with τ΄. The effect of Ra and M on the rate of heat transfer is concluded by a correlation. The results are found to be in good agreement compared with the results of [Adams, 1954] for the case of no MHD.
Evaluation of Suitability of Drainage Water of Al-Hussainia sector (Kut-Iraq) For Irrigation
Authors: Mohammad Omran I. , Jassim Laheab abas 
Published: April 2019

Al-Hussainia sector is the middle sector of Al-Dalmaj irrigation project. In this study, a specified area of Al-Hussainia sector has been selected to be evaluated for its water suitability for irrigation. For Al-Hussainia main drain, the evaluation includes four stages as follows:
1- Chemical evaluation of drainage water, 2-Analysis of drainage water by Aq.Qa software, 3- Leaching requirements computations, 4- Evaluation of the drainage water quality in the specified area of the project using the Geographic Information System (GIS) software. For the chemical evaluation, the most important indicators for the salinity problem considered are (Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Sodium Content). The test results showed that there are no harmful effects from Sodium indicators on crops production while there is a salinity problem. The residual sodium carbonate values were zero for all locations. The analysis of the hydro chemical results by Aq.Qa program shows that the internal consistency of the samples was acceptable. It is concluded that the drainage water of Al-Hussainia sector can be used directly to irrigate wheat and barley without reducing the yield with leaching requirement of 0.25 for wheat for all locations while barley needs a leaching requirement of 0.15 for locations 3,4, and 5 a leaching requirement of 0.17 should be provided for locations 1, 2, and 6. For corn crop, the drainage water is unsuitable for irrigation unless it is mixed with irrigation water to eliminate the salinity hazard. However the mixing ratio is0.5 (1:1) for all locations except location 2 where the mixing ratio needed is0.6 (1:2). The three dimensional spatial analysis using the GIS software (Arc Map V. 9.3) showed that the final model of the study area is of permissible irrigation water quality.
Estimation of Some Mechanical Properties for Similar & Dissimilar Welded Joints
Authors: Assi Abdullah Daie'e 
Published: April 2019

This research deals with the choice of the suitable filler metal to weld the similar and dissimilar metals (Low carbon steel type A516 & Austenitic stainless steel type 316L) under constant conditions such as, plate thickness (6 mm), voltage (78 v), current (120 A), straight polarity. This research deals with three major parts.
The first parts Four types of electrodes were used for welding of dissimilar metals (C.St A516 And St.St 316L) two from mild steel (E7018, E6013) and other two from austenitic stainless steel (E309L, E308L) various inspection were carried out include (Visual T., X-ray T., δ- Ferrite phase T., and Microstructures T.) and mechanical testing include (tensile T., bending T. and micro hardness T.)
The second parts done by used the same parameters to welding similar metals from (C.St A516) Or (St.St 316L).
The third parts deals with welding of dissimilar weldments (C.St And St.St) by two processes, gas tungsten are welding (GTAW) and shielded metal are welding (SMAW).
The results indicated that the spread of carbon from low carbon steel to the welding zone in the case of welding stainless steel elect pole (E309L) led to Configuration Carbides and then high hardness the link to high values ​​compared with the base metal. In most similar weldments showed hardness of the welding area is higher than the hardness of the base metal. The electrode (E309L) is the most suitable to welding dissimilar metals from (C.St A516 With St.St 316L). The results also showed that the method of welding (GTAW) were better than the method of welding (SMAW) in dissimilar welded joints (St.St 316L with C.St A516) in terms of irregular shape and integrity of the welding defects, as well as characterized this weldments the high-lift and resistance ductility good when using the welding conditions are similar.
Passive Solar Energy for Heating Buildings
Authors: الحسان نبيل فرج , حسن عبد السلام داود محمد 
Published: April 2019

This research includes the construction of a mathematical model for thermal equilibrium equations in different sections of wall collect and stores heat (Tromp Wall) that which consider one of the most important passive solar heating system.Differential equilibrium equations of this model were solved by using numerical solution based on control volume method with the help of computer program which has been developed for this purpose .In order to study the effect of some design parameters, such as thickness of wall and type of constructed materials, the solution has been applied for five types of this wall. Three of them which are made of concrete with different thicknesses 10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm, and the two other are made of brick and stone with 20 cm thickness .The results of the solution that has been reached showed clearly that the wall made of concrete with 20 cm thickness is the best among these walls in term of collection, storage and transfer of heat to the space to be warmed.
Modification of BJT using Artificial Neural Network and implemented it on FPGA
Authors: Khazal Hassan Fahad 
Published: April 2019

In this research the performance of the BJT has been improved using the "Feed Forward – Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network" (FFBPANN). The use of this type of networks led to improve the pre specified functions, by widening its bandwidth, improving its sensitivity to the minimum and maximum values of input signals, and reduce the effect of the rise of the temperature on its performance. The improvement done on the type "npn" of the code "2N2222A /ZTX". The execution of this work passed through three stages using various types of computer's programs. The first step have been done using the "Orcad Pspice" program, the second stage; the collected data from the first stage have been introduced as the input data of the "FFBPANN" that represented using "MATLAB R2013b" and the third stage have been done using the (ISE, Project navigator (P.14.2)) in order to apply the results of second stage on the "Field Programmable Gate Array" chip (FPGA).
The Effect of Using Ramps with Trench Cylindrical Holes on Film Cooling Effectiveness
Authors: Imram Ahmed A. , Jalghef Humam K. , Hatem Falah F. 
Published: April 2019

The effect of introducing ramp with a cylindrical slot hole on the film cooling effectiveness has been investigated experimentally and numerically. The film cooling effectiveness measurements are obtained experimentally. A test study was performed at a single mainstream with Reynolds number 76600 at three different coolant to mainstream blowing ratios 1.5, 2, and 3. Numerical simulation is introduced to primarily estimate the best ramp configurations and to predict the behavior of the transport phenomena in the region linked closely to the interaction between the coolant air injection and the hot air mainstram flow. The results showed that using ramps with trench cylindrical holes would enhanced the overall film cooling effectiveness by 83.33% compared with baseline model at blowing ratio of 1.5, also the best overall flim cooling effectevness was obtained at blowing ratio of 2 while it is reduced at blowing ratio of 3.
Governance Embodiment in Urban Management
Authors: حميد علي عبد السميع 
Published: April 2019

Back in the early nineties the concept of governance in several international reports to occupy pride of place among the various global community. This international reports have attributed the lack of development in the developing countries to the weakness of the way the exercise of power in the management and implementation of public policies, although there are elements and mechanisms to limit the bad governance that lacks efficiency and effectiveness. The reports also noted the importance of information and the transparency of government activities, and activate the community participation, and the trend to greater decentralization and strengthening of local units so that it can raise the level of efficiency and effectiveness of local services.
The urban management is a way of organizational management of public services and who knows decentralization, the introduction of the concepts of governance by giving it a new breath in the process of improving their performance and promotion of effective urban management in urban development.
In Architecture Inference The role of inference in the development of creative abilities of architecture student
Authors: Almajedi Basim Hasan , Jawad Aymen Abdul hussein 
Published: April 2019

Inference process is an important part in the architectural design process as well as to realize the different aspects of the product architecture, and plays an important role in bringing new products of an innovator and contrary to traditional productions, through the investment of available data and linking them with the individual and previous expertise and experience for getting creative output in architecture.
The research Inference in the architecture field in addition to the other importance of cognitive fields, And the in architecture Special through students from them problems in the weak evidentiary have a base, from here the research problem of (Ambiguity of available knowledge about the role of inference Resources in the development of creative ability with the architecture students), to achieve the goal of research in architectural directed toward investment sources inference in generating solutions to creative problems of design to get into creative output in architecture, to highlight the research hypotheses, was where the hypothesis key b (Whenever inventories increased in the architecture students memory, increased his capabilities and creative skills in design), to be then test these hypotheses through questionnaire to a group of students, where it was found that (The multiplicity of views and reasoning process by the architecture students help him to produce and give many and varied images of processors design solutions, which may contain the common factors that contribute to the formation of a new product of an architect and has a unique and iconic properties).
The Impact of Nano-Concrete in Contemporary Architecture
Authors: Abdul Jalil Wijdan Deyaa , Kahachi Husaein Ali Hasan 
Published: April 2019

The rapid development in technology of building materials and systems could be easily observed these days in the huge building advances such as achieving building sizes, shapes, forms and speed of building which could never be achieved by using ordinary building materials. One of the interested break overs in building materials technologies is Nano-Concrete. Nano-Concrete is the substance of adding nanomaterial to concrete. Nano-concrete has special specifications and properties when compared with the ordinary concrete mixes such as adding Nano SiO2, Nano TiO2 and Carbon Nano tubes to improve performance and structural resistance. This extended the limits of building technologies thus enabling architects to achiev more complex forms with higher performance, or giving the concrete special properties such as light pass-through concrete or self-compacting concrete.
The research deals with impact Nano-concrete on contemporary architecture by following a set of objectives:

What is Nano-concrete in brief?
How does Nano-concrete mixes differ from the ordinary mixes of concrete?
The application of Nano-concrete in buildings and its effects on contemporary architecture.

The research extracted a set of main findings and recommendations from the analyzing of the effects of Nano-Concrete on Architecture.
Numerical Simulation of Packed Bed Cubical Storage Unit Filled with Spherical Capsules of PCM
Authors: Alsharaa Ahmed K. 
Published: April 2019

Modern life and increasing demand on the energy make the saving of available energy in the packed bed of PCM capsules very important to use in the other time. A numerical investigation is proposed for storage of thermal energy using packed bed of spherical capsules filled with phase change material PCM. The spherical capsules are arranged as layers in the cubic vessel that exposed to heat transfer fluid. The fourth order Runge-Kutta method is applied to solve the energy balance equation of heat transfer fluid and the energy conservation equation of spherical capsules of PCM is solved using finite differences method with heat capacity method for phase change of PCM. The effect of Reynolds number and diameter of capsulated sphere are studied. The results illustrate that at constant porosity of packed bed the small diameter of capsulated spheres gives shorter time for melting, where at D=50mm & t=196.5sec the melting fraction of PCM is 0.09, while at D=10mm & t=196.5sec the melting fraction of PCM is 1.00. The results of present study have been compared with other previous results and give a good agreement.
العدمية في الفن المفاهيمي
Authors: مهدي قاسم جليل , يوسف مروة نزار 
Published: April 2019

تضمن البحث اربعة فصول اشتمل الفصل الاول على مشكلة البحث واهميته والحاجة اليه ، وهدف البحث وحدوده وتحديد المصطلحات الواردة فيه ، وقد تحددت مشكلة البحث بالتساؤل الآتي: ما الكيفية التي تظهر فيها العدمية في الفن المفاهيمي؟ . ولتحقيق هدف البحث قام الباحث بتحديد الدراسة لتشمل نماذج لنتاجات الفن المفاهيمي والتي تضمنت (الفن لغة وفن الجسد وفن الارض) ، وقد تناول الباحث في إطاره النظري في الفصل الثاني مبحثين تمثلت بـ(المبحث الأول - الفكر الفلسفي لمفهوم العدمية – المبحث الثاني - مقتربات العدمية في الفن المفاهيمي) ، اما الفصل الثالث فقد تضمن إجراءات البحث ، اذ بلغ مجتمع البحث (50) عملاً بواقع (12) عملاً تمثل الفن لغة ، (15) عملاً لفن الجسد ، (23) عملاً لفن الأرض ، وبلغت عينة البحث (5) نماذج . واهتم الفصل الرابع بالنتائج والاستنتاجات ، فضلا على التوصيات والمقترحات ، ومن أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحث هي : (تجلى مفهوم العدمية في الخطابات البصرية التشكيلية من خلال التخلي عن المفاهيم التقليدية وابتعاد الفنان عن المألوف وتخطيه القواعد الكلاسيكية للوحة مستعين بخامات جديدة شديدة الصلة بالواقع ، كما في ظهر في جميع نماذج العينة). أما أهم الاستنتاجات التي توصل إليها الباحث هي : (العدمية ليست مجرد اظهار القبح والخوف والتمرد والتفكيك ، بل من خلال ذلك يغور الفنان لمعنى الحياة ، فالعدمية في الفن المفاهيمي تتسم برؤية كينونة الوجود وحيثياته اللامرئية) .
التدريس المثالي لمواجهة أزمة تسرب وترك المتعلمين المدارس في محافظة واسط
Authors: الجاف علي اسماعيل 
Published: April 2019

يعد التدريس مهما وضروريا في المجتمعات كافة لاسيما كونه يمثل حلقة الوصل بين التلميذ والمعلم والطالب والمدرس بمراحله المختلفة. فاليوم، نشهد التقدم التكنولوجي وعصر السرعة التي انعكست ايجابيا على مجتمعاتنا الاستهلاكية، بلدان العالم الثالث والدول النامية، لاسيما في العراق الذي يمر بحالات استثنائية من ازمات داخلية وحروب متواصلة وهجمات الإرهاب بهدف استهداف بلد الحضارات وتاريخ الانجازات والبطولات، فالعراق علم العالم الأسس الاولى للقوانين في مسلة حمورابي، وتمثل اللغة العربية الانطلاق نحو المعرفة؛ لكن العالم اليوم بدأ يفكر بطرق مختلفة تجاه موضوع التدريس فلا يوجد لديهم تسرب او ترك لمراحل الدراسة الابتدائية او الثانوية.
أثر التعريف والتنكير في دلالة المجاز القرآني
Authors: هايس جاسم محمد 
Published: April 2019

كانت مقدمات الثورة الايرانية قد بدات في عهد حكومة جمشيد أموزكار (1), ففي السابع من كانون الثاني 1978 نشرت صحيفة اطلاعات الايرانية مقالاً هاجمت فيه رجال الدين الايرانيين وبالذات آية الله الخميني (2), وقد أتهمت الصحيفة رجال الدين بالرجعية والتحالف مع الشيوعيين ضد حكم الشاه محمد رضا بهلوي (3), كما أتهمت الصحيفة آية الله الخميني بالعمالة لبريطانيا والفسوق وكتابة الشعر الجنسي الصوفي (4).

(1) جمشيد اموزكار : هو اقتصادي وسياسي ورئيس وزراء إيران من 7 آب 1977 ولغاية 27 آب 1978 , وقبل ذلك كان وزيراً للداخلية ووزير المالية في حكومة أمير عباس هويدا , وكان زعيم حزب رستاخيز خلال ولايته رئيسا" للوزراء . للمزيد من المعلومات ينظر :- ويكيبيديا ، الموسوعة الحرة ؛ محمد وصفي ابو مغلي ، دليل الشخصيات الايرانية ، مركز دراسات الخليج العربي ، جامعة البصرة -1984 .
(2) آية الله روح الله الموسوي الخميني : ( 24 أيلول 1902 – 3 يونيو 1989 ) , رجل دين وسياسي إيراني , قاد الثورة الاسلامية في إيران ضد نظام الشاه محمد رضا بهلوي , وكان مرجعاً وقائداً سياسياً , ثم ولياً للفقيه بعد أنتصار الثورة حتى وفاته عام 1989 . للمزيد من المعلومات ينظر :- علي قادر , الخميني روح الله , سيرة ذاتية , ج1 , تعريب : مطر مسعودي , ( مدرسة تنظيم ونشر تراث الامام الخميني (قدس) الشؤون الاولية , طهران , 2003 ) , ط2 , 1983 , ص ص 58 – 59 .
(3) الشاه محمد رضا بهلوي : ولد في مدينة طهران الايرانية عام 1919 وتوفي في مصر في 27 يوليو 1980 , وهو الابن الاكبر للشاه رضا بهلوي , حكم إيران خلال الفترة 1941 وحتى 1979 . للمزيد من المعلومات ينظر :- محمد وصفي ابو مغلي ، مصدر سابق .
(4) اروندا ابراهيمان : , إيران بين ثورتين , ترجمة : مركز البحوث والمعلوامت , ج2 , ( بغداد , 1983 ) , ص ص 767 – 768 .
الماركيز دي لافاييت من الثورة الأمريكية إلى الثورة الفرنسية
Authors: العايدي فاضل رحم 
Published: April 2019

تناولت الدراسات مؤخرا ً التاريخ الأمريكي السياسي والاقتصادي , لاسيما تعلق بالعلاقات الدولية على مستوى الخارجية الأمريكية أو التبادل الاقتصادي والعسكري، ومن بينها علاقتها مع الدول الأوربية والتي تعزز ظهورها في حرب الاستقلال الأمريكية ( 1775- 1783) , إذ كانت بذرة التعاون بين المستعمرات والدول الأوربية وبالتحديد الموقف الفرنسي الذي كان له الدور الأبرز تاريخيا ً في نشؤ ذلك التعاون , تسلط الدراسة الضوء على الدعم العسكري الفرنسي والمتمثل بزج بعض جنرالات فرنسا إلى جانب الثوار الأمريكيين ونخص بالذكر الماركيز دي لافاييت , ولتسهيل المهمة على القارئ قسم الباحث الدراسة إلى أربعة محاور أساسية , المحور الأول يعطي نبذه مختصره عن حياته ونشأته وانخراطه في الجانب العسكري , وفي المحور الثاني تشمل الدراسة مغادرة لافاييت إلى المستعمرات الأمريكية , إذ يحلل الباحث أسباب انضمام الماركيز دوره في الحرب على مستوى جنرال عسكري وقائدا ً في الجيش القاري , ويسلط الضوء على أهم المعارك التي شارك فيها والنجاحات التي تكللت من خلاله وتدرجه العسكري في الجيش القاري , وتشمل دراسة المحور الثالث عودته إلى فرنسا والنتائج التي حققتها , و عودته إلى المستعمرات واهم المعارك التي خاضها في تلك الفترة ودوره في حصار يورك تاون وإعلان الاستقلال الأمريكي , وفي المحور الرابع والأخير نحلل الأسباب التي جعلت من لافاييت بطلا ً للتحرير الوطني ومن دعاة الحرية , ونسلط الضوء على الأهمية التي منحها الكونكرس الأمريكي إلى لافاييت وما تمتع به من مكانه خاصة عند رؤساء الولايات المتحدة , وكيف تحول لافاييت إلى محررا ً في نظر الأمريكيين شعبا ً وحكومة , وأخيرا احمد الله واشكره وأتمنى أن أكون وفقت في الدراسة .