bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea Squirt Shell Protein and Polylactic Acid Laminated Films Containing Cinnamon Bark Essential Oil
Authors: Beak Songee , Kim Hyeri , Song Kyung Bin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) shell protein (SSP) was used as a biodegradable film material and laminated with polylactic acid (PLA) to improve its physical and water barrier properties. Cinnamon bark oil (CBO) was incorporated into the SSP film as a bioactive material. After laminating with PLA, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the SSP film increased from 4.07 to 9.09 MPa and from 8.68 to 138.84%, respectively. In addition, water vapor permeability and water solubility decreased from 5.62 to 0.91 × 10−9 g m/m2 s Pa and from 42.17% to 23.93%, respectively. DSC results of the SSP films indicate that melting point temperature increased 140.05 to 163.52 °C by laminating PLA. The addition of 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% CBO conferred the antimicrobial activity against four pathogenic bacteria to the SSP/PLA‐laminated films. The SSP/PLA‐laminated films containing CBO also had antioxidant activities. Therefore, the SSP/PLA‐laminated films containing CBO are applicable as biodegradable packaging films.Practical ApplicationSea squirt shell has been discarded after the consumption of sea squirt, and sea squirt shell protein can be a base material for biodegradable films. In this study, sea squirt shell protein and polylactic acid laminated films containing cinnamon bark essential oil were developed. The developed films are promising environmentally‐friendly alternatives for active packaging material.
Systematic review and guide to management of core and psychiatric symptoms in youth with autism
Authors: Ameis S. H. , Kassee C. , Corbett‐Dick P. , Cole L. , Dadhwal S. , Lai M.‐C. , Veenstra‐VanderWeele J. , Correll C. U. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveEvidence‐based guidance of clinical decision‐making for the management of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is lacking, particularly for co‐occurring psychiatric symptoms. This review evaluates treatment evidence for six common symptom targets in children/adolescents with ASD and provides a resource to facilitate application of the evidence to clinical practice.MethodA systematic search identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and high‐quality systematic reviews published between 2007 and 2016, focused on: social interaction/communication impairment, stereotypic/repetitive behaviours, irritability/agitation, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, mood or anxiety symptoms, and sleep difficulties. We then completed qualitative evaluation of high‐quality systematic reviews/meta‐analyses and quantitative evaluation of recently published RCTs not covered by prior comprehensive systematic reviews.ResultsRecently published RCTs focused on social interaction and communication impairment (trials = 32) using psychosocial interventions. Interventions for irritability/agitation (trials = 16) were mainly pharmacological. Few RCTs focused on other symptom targets (trials = 2–5/target). Integration of these results with our qualitative review indicated that few established treatment modalities exist, and available evidence is limited by small studies with high risk of bias.ConclusionGiven the current evidence‐base, treatment targets must be clearly defined, and a systematic approach to intervention trials in children/adolescents with ASD must be undertaken with careful consideration of the limitations of safety/efficacy data.
Downregulation of ILT4+ dendritic cells in recurrent miscarriage and recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Liu Su , Wei Hongxia , Li Yuye , Huang Chunyu , Lian Ruochun , Xu Jian , Chen Lanna , Zeng Yong 
Published: June 2018

ProblemThe role of ILT4+ DCs in healthy fertile controls and patients with recurrent miscarriages (RM) and recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is unclear.Method of studyWe studied the expression of ILT4 from peripheral blood and endometrial samples from healthy controls and patients with RM and RIF by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analysis. Endometrial Foxp3 expression was also investigated using immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn peripheral blood, there was a significant increase in the percentage of ILT4+ DCs in healthy fertile controls compared with patients with RM and RIF. The presence of ILT4+ DC is even more prominent in the endometrium of healthy fertile controls compared with patients with RM and RIF. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between the number of ILT4+ cells and Foxp3+ Tregs in healthy fertile controls, but not in patients with RM and RIF.ConclusionOur data indicate that ILT4+ DCs play an important role in the maintenance of immune tolerance during pregnancy, probably through the induction of Foxp3+ Treg cells, a process which is impaired in RM and RIF.
Parental status and psychological distress among older Thais
Authors: Quashie Nekehia T. , Pothisiri Wiraporn 
Published: June 2018

This study examines whether childless older Thais are more vulnerable to psychological distress relative to older adults with children. Drawing from the 2011 Survey of Older Persons in Thailand (n = 37,936), zero‐inflated negative binomial regression methods examine psychological distress of childless older adults relative to coresident and noncoresident parents. Analyses further explore how gender and marital status moderate this relationship. Results show that 40% of older Thais did not experience any symptoms of psychological distress in the past month. Compared to coresident parents, noncoresident parents showed a higher likelihood of experiencing psychological distress but being childless was associated with increased symptoms of psychological distress. While the relationship between parental status and psychological distress did not significantly differ by gender, marital status presents a significant moderating effect. Specifically, widowed childless older adults and widowed noncoresident parents experienced more symptoms of psychological distress relative to their married counterparts. In collectivistic societies, where the family unit is highly valued, and institutional support is weak, being childless and unmarried may negatively affect one's psychological well‐being in later life. Children and marriage are protective for older Thais’ psychological well‐being. The implications for social welfare policies are discussed.
A within‐subject consideration of the psychotic spectrum disorder concept in a patient in remission associated with cortical gray matter recovery
Authors: Meltzer Herbert Y. , Sim Min Young , Anderson Adam , Cannistraci Christopher , Jayathilake Karu , Share Daniel Barrett , Lee Myung 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIntroductionPsychotic spectrum disorder (PSD) links the syndromes of bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, and schizophrenia, often viewed as unique disorders.AimsApplication of the PSD concept to a single patient rather than across groups of patients and demonstration of a remarkable remission of schizophrenia phenotype with recovery of gray matter in specific brain regions.ResultsWe report a woman who experienced discrete, nonoverlapping periods of each of the above syndromes, in the order noted, over a 30‐year period, followed by abrupt ending of psychosis and full remission lasting at least 7 years. This patient had 2 episodes of Bipolar 1 mania, followed by a 20‐year period of psychotic depression. From ages 35‐48, she manifested severe, paranoid schizophrenia with marked functional decline. She became refractory to antipsychotic drugs, including oral risperidone and clozapine. At age 48, while participating in a double‐blind, 6‐month clinical trial of long‐acting injectable risperidone (Consta®, 100 mg IM biweekly) for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia, at week 23, upon awakening, complete disappearance of psychosis and marked improvement in function was noted, which persisted until the present (approximately 7 years). Remarkably, cognitive test performance in most domains improved beginning at 6 weeks and reached normal levels in executive function, despite minimal improvement in psychosis until week 23. MRI studies before and after remission revealed unique and substantial increases in gray matter of the cingulate and parietal cortex, and subthalamic nucleus, not seen in other patients in this study.ConclusionsThe 3 discrete periods of psychopathology support the diagnosis of PSD. The unusual course and outcome, including remarkable improvement, in executive function and enhanced cortical gray matter in selective brain regions may have been the result of unique endogenous genetic and epigenetic factors and effect of medication.
The communal consultation video—Enhancing learning and broadening experience through observing dialogue
Authors: Botelho M. G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study presents a novel, student‐centred, on‐demand video learning modality that supports students as they transition from theory to clinical practice. Authentic, one‐to‐one teacher and student consultations have been video recorded and uploaded online for the peers and subsequent years of students to consume and learn from. This study describes the development and use of these communal consultation videos (CCVs), examines how students perceive this novel intervention and proposes supporting educational theory.MethodsA library of 28 CCVs has been archived online, to enable learning for students not present at the original staff consultation. A questionnaire was designed and administered to evaluate student perceptions of this novel learning intervention and administered to see how students used and perceived its benefit.ResultsThe CCV has proven to be popular, well received and valued by students. Students reported the videos were interactive, engaged them cognitively and supported them for assessments and in preparation for the clinical care of their own patients. Students also reported that watching the videos broadened their “clinical” experience of others cases that were different to their own.ConclusionThis novel learning modality demonstrates new engaging learning opportunities for students and teachers that support students for assessments and clinical skill practice and afford observational clinical experience.
The distribution of intratumoral macrophages correlates with molecular phenotypes and impacts prognosis in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Kim Younghoon , Wen Xianyu , Bae Jeong M , Kim Jung H , Cho Nam‐Yun , Kang Gyeong H 
Published: June 2018

AimsThe role of tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to examine the correlation between TAMs, clinicopathological features, tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and prognosis in CRC by the use of image analysis.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemical staining for CD68 and CD163 was performed as pan‐macrophage and M2‐macrophage markers, respectively. Each marker was analysed separately for intra‐epithelial and stromal area densities. All four macrophage densities showed a significant correlation with one another (P = 0.001). Intra‐epithelial CD68+ macrophage densities showed a correlation with pTNM stage (P = 0.008), microsatellite instability (MSI) (P < 0.001), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) (P < 0.001) and TIL densities (P < 0.001). Intra‐epithelial CD163+ macrophage densities were associated with perineural invasion, MSI, CIMP and TIL densities (P < 0.001). Stromal CD68+ and CD163+ macrophage densities had a significant relationship with intra‐epithelial and stromal CD3+ (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively) and CD8+ (P < 0.001) T cells. High intra‐epithelial CD68+ macrophage density was associated with worse overall survival (HR = 1.386, 95% CI = 1.043–1.843, P = 0.025) and progression‐free survival (HR = 1.522, 95% CI = 1.146–2.020, P = 0.004). Intra‐epithelial CD68+ macrophage density was also an independent prognostic factor of the progression‐free survival (HR = 1.447, 95% CI = 1.076–1.947, P = 0.015) of CRC patients regardless of pTNM stage, lymphatic, venous, and perineural invasions and TIL densities.ConclusionOur results indicate that the density of intratumoural macrophages is a useful prognostic indicator for further stratifying T cell populations in CRC.
Demography, life history and the evolution of age‐dependent social behaviour
Authors: Rodrigues António M. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSince the inception of modern social evolution theory, a vast majority of studies have sought to explain cooperation using relatedness‐driven hypotheses. Natural populations, however, show a substantial amount of variation in social behaviour that is uncorrelated with relatedness. Age offers a major alternative explanation for variation in behaviour that remains unaccounted for. Most natural populations are structured into age‐classes, with ageing being a nearly universal feature of most major taxa, including eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Despite this, the theoretical underpinnings of age‐dependent social behaviour remain limited. Here, I investigate how group age‐composition, demography and life history shape trajectories of age‐dependent behaviours that are expressed conditionally on an actor and recipient's age. I show that demography introduces novel age‐dependent selective pressures acting on social phenotypes. Furthermore, I find that life history traits influence the costs and benefits of cooperation directly, but also indirectly. Life history has a strong impact not only on the genetic structure of the population but also on the distribution of group age‐compositions, with both of these processes influencing the expression of age‐dependent cooperation. Age of peak reproductive performance, in particular, is of chief importance for the evolution of cooperation, as this will largely determine the age and relatedness of social partners. Moreover, my results suggest that later‐life reproductive senescence may occur because of demographic effects alone, which opens new vistas on the evolution of menopause and related phenomena.
An inversion supergene in Drosophila underpins latitudinal clines in survival traits
Authors: Durmaz Esra , Benson Clare , Kapun Martin , Schmidt Paul , Flatt Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChromosomal inversions often contribute to local adaptation across latitudinal clines, but the underlying selective mechanisms remain poorly understood. We and others have previously shown that a clinal inversion polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster, In(3R)Payne, underpins body size clines along the North American and Australian east coasts. Here, we ask whether this polymorphism also contributes to clinal variation in other fitness‐related traits, namely survival traits (lifespan, survival upon starvation and survival upon cold shock). We generated homokaryon lines, either carrying the inverted or standard chromosomal arrangement, isolated from populations approximating the endpoints of the North American cline (Florida, Maine) and phenotyped the flies at two growth temperatures (18 °C, 25 °C). Across both temperatures, high‐latitude flies from Maine lived longer and were more stress resistant than low‐latitude flies from Florida, as previously observed. Interestingly, we find that this latitudinal pattern is partly explained by the clinal distribution of the In(3R)P polymorphism, which is at ~ 50% frequency in Florida but absent in Maine: inverted karyotypes tended to be shorter‐lived and less stress resistant than uninverted karyotypes. We also detected an interaction between karyotype and temperature on survival traits. As In(3R)P influences body size and multiple survival traits, it can be viewed as a ‘supergene’, a cluster of tightly linked loci affecting multiple complex phenotypes. We conjecture that the inversion cline is maintained by fitness trade‐offs and balancing selection across geography; elucidating the mechanisms whereby this inversion affects alternative, locally adapted phenotypes across the cline is an important task for future work.
Epifluorescence microscopy study of a quadruple node of triple junctions of grain boundaries in a Eu2+‐doped Kcl:Kbr solid solution by using the doping ion as a fluorochrome
Authors: CORDERO‐BORBOA A.E. , UNDA‐ANGELES R. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA typical quadruple node (QN) of triple junctions (TJs) of grain boundaries (GBs) in a Eu2+‐doped KCl0.52Br0.48 solid solution is investigated from the geometrical point of view by epifluorescence microscopy using the doping ion as a fluorochrome. The excitation and fluorescence optical properties of the fluorochrome were previously characterised by spectrophotometry whereas the structural nature of the studied material as well as its Bravais lattice type, unit cell size and long‐range translational order degree was determined by X‐ray diffraction. A three‐dimensional reconstruction was built from the microscopy images of different optical cross‐sections of the studied arrangement of crystal defects. In the close vicinity of the QN, the studied arrangement of crystal defects adopts the geometry of a collapsed tristetrahedron which, centred at the QN, has its legs along the TJs and, hence, has its faces as collapsed in pairs into the GBs. The angles defined by different TJ couples as well as the dihedral angles defined by the different GB couples meeting in every TJ were measured at the QN site. All, the image recording and stacking as well as the measuring procedures are carefully described. The measured TJ angles (97°, 117°, 95°, 117°, 99° and 130° ± 2°) depart from the characteristic angle (109.47°) of a tetrahedron whereas the measured GB angles (101°, 119°, 140°; 125°, 127°, 108°; 133°, 109°, 119°; 129°, 99° and 132° ± 2°) depart from the angular argument (120°) of a 3‐fold symmetry rotation indicating that, in the close neighbourhood of the QN, the studied arrangement of crystal defects is structurally unstable. Such an instability is associated with an observed mismatch in orientation (by angles of 20°, 15°, 33° and 30° ± 2°) between the TJs and some <111> zone axis matrix lattice crystallographic directions ([], [11], [11] and [11]), respectively). Local variations in anionic composition, existing within the solid solution matrix, are discussed to be responsible for this mismatching and, therefore, for the observed structural instability.
Qualitative exploration of pharmacist care for herbal and dietary supplement users in Thai community pharmacies
Authors: Wahab Mohd Shahezwan Abd , Sakthong Phantipa , Winit-Watjana Win 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesHerbal and dietary supplements (HDS) can cause adverse effects or interact with diseases and medications. Community pharmacists have a role in ensuring the safe use of HDS, but they have been reported to not being proactive in providing pharmacist care (PCare) for HDS users. The reasons for this warranted investigation. The study aimed to explore pharmacists’ understanding of PCare for HDS users, and to investigate the underlying beliefs or factors influencing its provision by community pharmacists, guided by the theory of planned behaviour.MethodsA qualitative study using a semi-structured interview guide was conducted in a purposive sample of community pharmacists working in Bangkok, Thailand, from December 2016 to June 2017. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis.Key findingsTwenty-two pharmacists were interviewed. Several professional pharmacy activities were regarded as PCare for HDS users. The pharmacists reported that the provision of such care was advantageous in terms of promoting rational use of HDS, ensuring safety of users, enhancing own knowledge and promote customers’ loyalty. Facilitators for PCare included the initiation of conversation about HDS by the users, professional training and the availability of reference materials. The reluctance of HDS users to accept pharmacists’ opinions, insufficient education in HDS and limited sources of information were identified as barriers. Most pharmacists believed that PCare for HDS users is part of their responsibilities.ConclusionsThe pharmacists expressed their views on the meaning of PCare for HDS users, and described the beliefs and factors that facilitate or impede its provision. Information from this study can be used to inform strategies that can promote pharmacists to become more proactive in providing PCare for HDS users.
Medication Use and Health Screening in an Ageing Adult Population With Down Syndrome in Ireland: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Belton A. , O'Dwyer M. , Peklar J. , McCallion P. , McCarron M. , Henman M. C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMedications use in adults ageing with Down syndrome (DS) has not been studied extensively. People with DS are at increased risk of hypothyroidism, seizures, and dementia. It is possible that this pattern of multimorbidity is associated with polypharmacy. The aim of this study is to describe the patterns of medical disorders, symptoms, and medications, variation with age and residential setting, and utilization of health screening in an ageing cohort with DS. Data were obtained from wave one (2009/2010) of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Information on disorders, symptoms, health screening, and medications was gathered using preinterview questionnaires and face to face interviews with participants and/or caregivers. Of the 721 participants answering the questions about medication use and cause of intellectual disability, 20% had DS (n = 144). Descriptive statistics describe the prevalence of disorders and medications and proportion of participants attending health screening for disorders commonly associated with DS. The most commonly reported disorders were eye disease (61.8%), thyroid dysfunction (38.2%), constipation (34.7%) high cholesterol (32.6%), pain (32.1%), and emotional/psychiatric/nervous disorder (25%). The most commonly reported medications were thyroid hormones (43.8%), laxatives (27.1%), pain relievers (27.1%), and lipid modifying agents (26.4%). Polypharmacy, excessive polypharmacy, and multimorbidity were more prevalent among the older group compared to the younger group (37.3% vs. 14.3%; 13.4% vs. 7.8%; 73.1% vs. 58.4%, respectively). Uptake of memory assessments (32.9%), hearing tests (23.8%), and bone density screening (9.2%) was poor, particularly among those living independently, yet general practitioner visits were frequent and extensive. Polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy are prevalent in this population, yet the provision of health care screening is inadequate. Medications review is needed since the risks posed by multiple medications use have not yet been quantified. As people with DS age, support is necessary for health care professionals, people with DS and their carers to help them optimize the use of medications.