bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C‐reactive protein improves the ability to detect hypertension and insulin resistance in mild‐to‐moderate obstructive sleep apnea: Age effect
Authors: Pejovic Slobodanka , Shang Yimeng , Vgontzas Alexandros N. , Fernandez‐Mendoza Julio , He Fan , Li Yun , Kong Lan 
Published: October 2024

SummaryC‐reactive protein (CRP) appears to improve the ability to detect cardiometabolic risk in young and middle‐aged adults with mild‐to‐moderate obstructive sleep apnea (mmOSA). The aim of this study is to assess utility of CRP in identifying the risk of hypertension and insulin resistance across a wide age range including older patients with mmOSA. Adults (n = 216) of a wide age range (28–90 years old, mean age 52.64 ± 12.74) with mmOSA (5 ≤ AHI < 30) completed in‐lab polysomnography or home sleep apnea testing, physical examination including blood pressure (BP) measures, structured medical history questionnaire, and blood draw for CRP and fasting glucose and insulin levels. In adults < 60 years, lnCRP but not the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was associated with greater odds for hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.20–4.84, p = 0.01; OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.92–1.08, p = 0.92, respectively) and with higher average systolic and diastolic BP. Also, in adults < 60 years lnCRP but not AHI, was associated with higher lnHOMA values. In contrast, in adults > 60 years neither lnCRP nor AHI were associated with greater odds for hypertension, average systolic and diastolic BP, and lnHOMA. Receiver‐operating characteristics curves revealed that adding CRP to standard clinical factors (age, sex, and BMI) yielded moderately good risk models for hypertension in patients < 60 years (AUC = 0.721). In conclusion, CRP improves the ability to detect cardiometabolic risk in young and middle‐aged, but not older adults with mmOSA, suggesting that inflammation may be a primary pathogenetic mechanism in younger patients with OSA.
Curation and classification procedures for the UK Antarctic meteorite collection
Authors: MacArthur J. L. , Joy K. H. , Jones R. H. , Harvey T. A. , Almeida N. V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe field of advanced curation is important for existing astromaterials collections, which includes samples returned by space missions, and meteorites and cosmic dust samples that have been recovered from here on Earth. In order to maximize the scientific return of the samples, contamination needs to be minimized at all stages of sample collection, preliminary examination, classification, and curation. Utilizing best practice methods, a detailed acquisition and curation plan was implemented during the UK's first two expeditions to collect Antarctic meteorites from two new blue icefields, Hutchison Icefields and Outer Recovery Icefields. This article documents the design and execution of the procedures used during the project's curation and classification processes. It describes two case studies showing the processes applied to the recovered meteorites, and reviews our experiences and lessons learned for the future.
Radial transport and nebular thermal processing of millimeter‐sized solids in the Solar protoplanetary disk inferred from Cr‐Ti‐O isotope systematics of chondrules
Authors: Fukuda Kohei , Hibiya Yuki , Kastelle Craig R. , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Iizuka Tsuyoshi , Yamashita Katsuyuki , Helser Thomas E. , Kita Noriko T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the material transport and mixing processes in the Solar protoplanetary disk provides important constraints on the origin of chemical and isotopic diversities of our planets. The limited extent of radial transport and mixing between the inner and outer Solar System has been suggested based on a fundamental isotopic dichotomy between non‐carbonaceous (NC) and carbonaceous (CC) meteorite groups. The limited transport and mixing could be further tested by tracing the formation regions of individual meteoritic components, such as Ca‐Al‐rich inclusions (CAIs) and chondrules. Here, we show further evidence for the outward transport of CAIs and chondrules from the inner and subsequent thermal processing in the outer region of the protoplanetary disk based on the petrography and combined Cr‐Ti‐O isotope systematics of chondrules from the Vigarano‐like (CV) carbonaceous chondrite Allende. One chondrule studied consists of an olivine core that exhibits NC‐like Ti and O, but CC‐like Cr isotopic signatures, which is enclosed by a pyroxene igneous rim with CC‐like O isotope ratios. These observations indicate that the olivine core formed in the inner Solar System. The olivine core then migrated into the outer Solar System and experienced nebular thermal processing that generated the pyroxene igneous rim. The nebular thermal processing would result in Cr isotope exchange between the olivine core and CC‐like materials, but secondary alteration effects on the parent body are also responsible for the CC‐like Cr isotope signature. By combining previously reported Cr‐Ti‐O isotope systematics of CV chondrules, we show that some CV chondrules larger than ~1 mm would have formed in the inner Solar System. The accretion of the millimeter‐sized, inner Solar System solids onto the CV carbonaceous chondrite parent body would require their very early migration into the outer Solar System within the first 1 million years after the Solar System formation.
Me, My Brain, and I: A Framework for Neuroscience Curriculum Fostering Research‐Practice Partnership Between Scientists and Educators
Authors: Korisky Adi , Davidesco Ido , Ben‐Abu Ofek , Levy Orel , Abrahami Klil , Geri Orly , Zion Golumbic Elana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStudents' school requirements and learning activities engage many different cognitive processes, including language processing, memory, learning, attention, reasoning, decision‐making, and social interaction. However, students rarely learn about these cognitive processes, or the brain mechanisms underlying them and therefore lack the critical understanding of how they operate. Here, we describe a novel neuroscience curriculum, developed through a research‐practice partnership (RPP) between neuroscientists and educators, aimed at providing students with the opportunity to learn about their own brain and cognitive abilities and engage in authentic neuroscientific inquiry. The curriculum is organized around three pillars: Learn Neuroscience‐Experience Neuroscience‐Contribute to Neuroscience. These are designed to optimize relevance, student engagement, and interactive hands‐on experience. In particular, by incorporating genuine neuroscientific research as part of the program, students are offered a front‐row seat to the scientific process using cutting‐edge neurotechnology and gain firsthand experience with the challenges and excitements of scientific inquiry.
An increasing trend of overweight and obesity in the Japanese incident end‐stage kidney disease population
Authors: Wakasugi Minako , Goto Shin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe global prevalence of overweight/obesity has been rising, and this trend is apparent in US and European incident end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) populations. We aimed to examine temporal trends in the prevalence of overweight/obesity and underweight among adult incident ESKD patients in Japan by year of dialysis initiation between 2006 and 2019 in comparison with those observed in the Japanese adult population during the same period.MethodsUsing data from the Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry and the National Health and Nutrition Survey, the sex‐specific prevalence of overweight/obesity and that of underweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and <18.5 kg/m2, respectively) were calculated, adjusted for age according to the 2019 Population Census via the direct method. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine trends.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2019, the age‐adjusted prevalence of overweight/obesity in the incident ESKD population increased for males (AAPC 3.36 [95% CI, 2.70 to 4.09]) and females (AAPC 2.86 [95% CI, 1.65 to 4.19]). The age‐adjusted prevalence of overweight/obesity in the general population increased for males (AAPC 0.87 [95% CI, 0.26 to 1.42]) but not for females (AAPC 0.01 [95% CI, −0.55 to 0.57]). The age‐adjusted prevalence of underweight in the incident ESKD population significantly decreased but was higher than that in the general population for both sexes.ConclusionAn increasing trend of overweight/obesity was observed in the incident ESKD population in Japan. There is a pressing need to address both underweight and overweight/obesity in the incident ESKD population.image
In defense of value incomparability: A reply to Dorr, Nebel, and Zuehl
Authors: Carlson Erik , Risberg Olle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCian Dorr, Jacob Nebel, and Jake Zuehl have argued that no objects are incomparable in value. One set of arguments they offer depart from a principle they call ‘Strong Monotonicity’, which states that if x is good and y is not good, then x is better than y. In this article, we respond to those arguments, thereby defending the possibility of value incomparability.
Understanding barriers and facilitators to lifestyle management in people with polycystic ovary syndrome: A mixed method systematic review
Authors: McGowan Margaret , Garad Rhonda , Wadhwani Girija , Torkel Sophia , Rao Vibhuti , Maunder Alison , Osei‐Safo Elaine K. , Moran Lisa J. , Cowan Stephanie 
Published: October 2024

SummaryPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder affecting 10–13% of reproductive‐aged women. Lifestyle management through diet and physical activity changes can improve reproductive, metabolic, and psychological comorbidities. The aim of this systematic review is to understand the barriers and facilitators to lifestyle changes from the perspective of people with PCOS and health care professionals (HCP) using the theoretical domains framework and capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior model. Six databases were systematically searched for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐methods studies to 22nd September 2022. Quantitative outcomes from quantitative and mixed‐methods studies were narratively synthesized and all studies were thematically analyzed. Sixty‐eight papers met the eligibility criteria. HCP education on lifestyle management in PCOS was viewed by all to be inadequate, impacting the quality of care and health outcomes. Lifestyle advice delivered by a multidisciplinary team, including dietitians, was identified as a key component for change. All agreed that there was a need for individualized and PCOS‐specific lifestyle advice. Weight stigma was identified as negatively impacting both those in larger and smaller bodies with PCOS, reducing the quality of care and affecting self‐perception and mental health. People with PCOS perceived that lifestyle management was overly focused on weight loss and fertility, independent of their own personal motivations and goals. Systemic changes, including increasing HCP education on lifestyle management and multidisciplinary collaboration, focusing on lifestyle advice that meets individual needs, and reducing the use of weight‐centric care are necessary for long‐term sustainable changes and improvements in health outcomes in people with PCOS.
Convergence insufficiency prevalence in attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder children depends on the diagnosis criteria
Authors: Clavé Laura , Torrents Aurora 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeAttention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition commonly seen in children and adolescents, characterised by an increase in distractibility or inattention. Several studies have noted a higher rate of visual problems in this group, especially convergence insufficiency (CI), but when using different diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate visual function in ADHD children and non‐ADHD controls to compare the different signs for diagnosis of CI.MethodIn this prospective case‐control study, a group of children aged 7–17 years, diagnosed with ADHD before the start of pharmacological treatment and matched for age and gender with non‐ADHD controls were examined. Visual acuity (VA), objective and subjective refraction, accommodative amplitude and facility, heterophoria, positive and negative fusional vergences (PFV and NFV) and stereopsis were assessed.ResultsSixty participants (30 ADHD and 30 non‐ADHD controls) were evaluated. There was no significant difference between the two groups for VA, refraction and accommodative abilities. There were significant differences in PFV and NFV: PFV break/recovery values for the ADHD and control groups were 18.9/16.2∆ and 26.9/22.1∆, respectively. Respective values for NFV were 15.7/13∆ and 19.3/15.9∆. Using the three signs of receded near point of convergence (NPC), decreased PFV and exophoria 4∆ greater at near than distance, the prevalence of CI was equivalent for the ADHD and controls (p = 0.34) If only two signs were considered for the CI diagnosis, (i.e., receded NPC and decreased PFV), then prevalence was significantly greater for the ADHD group (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThese results show a higher prevalence of binocular vision problems in the ADHD group. This suggests a relationship between vergence problems and ADHD, but the direction of this link remains unclear. Further studies with specific samples may be needed to understand fully the association between binocular vision disorders and ADHD.
Social Equity in Municipally Owned Corporations: Do Women in the Boardroom Make a Difference to the Gender Pay Gap?
Authors: Andrews Rhys 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRepresentative bureaucracy theory posits that the presence of less‐advantaged social groups in public leadership positions is an important driver of social equity among the recipients of public services and the public servants who provide them. To evaluate whether active representation can lead to improvements in social equity within arms‐length public service organizations, this article presents an analysis of the relationship between women in the boardroom and the gender pay gap in 102 large municipally owned corporations (MOCs) in England for a 6‐year period (2017–2022). The findings suggest that MOCs led by female chief executive officers (CEOs) have a lower pay gap between male and female employees. The presence of more women directors on MOC boards is also negatively related to the pay gap, especially in MOCs led by male CEOs. The findings highlight the importance of board gender representation to address social equity in arms‐length public service organizations.
Why not to blow up a pipeline: Intersectional reflections on environmental (non)violence
Authors: FitzGerald Garrett 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAndreas Malm's “How to Blow Up a Pipeline” (2021) reinvigorated contemporary debates around property destruction and sabotage as strategies to force decarbonization and mitigate the worst consequences of human‐induced climate change. Responses from Peace Studies scholars largely adhere to established arguments around the moral and strategic benefits of (non)violent resistance. This article brackets debates over ethics and efficacy within this established violence/nonviolence binary to trouble Malm's analysis and recommendations in new ways. By focusing on the intersectional aspects of environmental violence, this article illustrates how Malm's argument for property and infrastructure damage risks exacerbating interlinked forms of direct, structural, and cultural violence that effect already‐marginalized communities along cross‐cutting axes of race, gender, class, and other valences of domination. This novel application of intersectional analysis within the emerging environmental violence framework offers scholars and practitioners of peacebuilding important new tools with which to critically analyze emerging strategies to confront environmental degradation.
DNA‐based detection and quantification of Ascochyta rabiei in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) using droplet digital PCR
Authors: Zakeel Mohamed Cassim Mohamed , Hoque Mohammad , Thammavongsa Bounnaliam , Bullock Melanie , Raina Dikshpreet , Barrett Luke G. , Sprague Susan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAscochyta blight (AB) disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Ascochyta rabiei, is a major production constraint in many chickpea‐growing regions worldwide, causing substantial reductions in grain yield and seed quality. The management of AB is challenging due to limited genetic resistance and the evolving aggressiveness of A. rabiei. Currently, there is a heavy reliance on visual assessment by expert pathologists for the detection and quantification of disease severity, and limited ability to impartially quantify pathogen growth and inoculum potential in the field. In this study, we address these gaps by developing a single‐copy genetic marker for the sensitive detection and quantification of A. rabiei mycelium and conidiospores. Using a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay, our method provides a sensitive (≤5 × 10−2 pg DNA, 1 gene copy) approach to assess A. rabiei biomass throughout its lifecycle on living and dead plant tissues. The method (i) has specificity to A. rabiei in diseased plant samples; (ii) discriminates among chickpea cultivars with varying AB resistance prior to the onset of visible symptoms; (iii) detects differences in primary A. rabiei conidiospore inoculum load from field‐grown chickpea stubble; and (iv) has potential application to disease management, breeding and epidemiology.
Low frequency‐repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture improves post‐stroke cognitive impairment and has better clinical efficacy
Authors: Xun Xiao , Liu Yanhong , Pan Weimin , Tang Lang , Hu Changling , Ouyang Hua , Liu Qiu , Zeng Hongliang , Li Dan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEnhancing post‐stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a key aspect of prognosis for stroke patients. Low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF‐rTMS) is currently a widely utilised method for treating PSCI. With the increasing promotion of traditional Chinese medicine, Xingnao Kaiqiao (XNKQ) acupuncture has been progressively incorporated into clinical treatment. This paper observes the effect of LF‐rTMS with XNKQ acupuncture on patients with PSCI.MethodsTotally, 192 patients with PSCI were consecutively recruited and treated either with LF‐rTMS and XNKQ acupuncture (observation group) or LF‐rTMS only (control group) for 4 weeks. The pre‐ and post‐treatment Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, P300 latency and amplitude, inflammatory factor levels were compared and clinical efficacy was assessed.ResultsBoth groups exhibited increased MMSE/MoCA scores, and P300 amplitude, and shortened P300 latency, and the observation group had higher scores and P300 amplitude, and shorter P300 latency than the control group. Both groups displayed decreased inflammatory factor levels (Tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, IL‐1β) after treatment, which were lower in the observation group than the control group. Inflammatory factor levels in PSCI patients were negatively interrelated with MMSE, MoCA score and P300 amplitude, and positively with P300 latency. The observation group showed an increased number of patients showing cured and significantly effective results, a decreased number of patients showing effective and invalid results, and an observably elevated total effective rate.ConclusionLF‐rTMS with XNKQ acupuncture can improve cognitive function and reduce inflammatory immune response, and has better clinical efficacy in PSCI patients.
Rights of nature in the Inter‐American Court of Human Rights: Understanding the ecocentric approach to the right to a healthy environment
Authors: Trincado Vera Patricio 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe recognition of the right to a healthy environment as an autonomous and justiciable right in Advisory Opinion OC‐23/17 represents the turning point of the Inter‐American Court of Human Rights towards the adoption of an ecocentric approach. This article examines how the interpretation of the right to a healthy environment suggests the acknowledgement of Nature as a holder of rights under the American Convention on Human Rights. First, it analyses how the Inter‐American Court has addressed environmental protection in its jurisprudence, through procedural and substantive rights. Second, it studies the ecocentric interpretation of the right to a healthy environment in the Advisory Opinion OC‐23/17 and in the case La Oroya v Peru. Lastly, it explores what are the consequences of understanding Nature as a holder of rights for the complaint procedure before the Inter‐American Court.
Household decisions and the gender gap in job satisfaction
Authors: Bredemeier Christian , Ndlovu Patrick , Vujić Sunčica , Winkler Roland 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper offers a novel theoretical explanation for the gender gap in job satisfaction, where women typically report higher job satisfaction than men. We argue that rational family decisions can result in divergent job choices for women and men, leading to increased job satisfaction but lower earnings for women, even when their preferences and expectations align with those of men. We develop this explanation within a theoretical model of family household decision‐making that considers relative earnings disparities within households. We provide empirical evidence supporting our model's predictions utilizing survey and administrative data from Canada.
Interactions among gender norms: Evidence from US couples
Authors: Galván Estefanía , García‐Peñalosa Cecilia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA considerable body of work has shown that motherhood is accompanied by a reduction in labor market participation and hours of market work, while more recent findings indicate that women who earn more than their husbands tend to subsequently take actions that reduce their market income. Both patterns of behavior have been interpreted as women trying to conform to child‐rearing norms and to the prescription that the husband should be the main breadwinner. In this paper, we use panel data for US couples to re‐examine women's behavior when they become mothers and when they are the main breadwinner. We start by asking whether the arrival of a child affects women who are the main breadwinner and those who are not in the same way, and then turn to how mothers and childless women react when they are the main breadwinner. Our results are consistent with the breadwinner norm only affecting mothers, suggesting that the salience of gender norms may depend on the household's context, notably on whether or not children are present. Concerning the arrival of a child, we find that although the labor supply of women who earn more than their husbands initially responds to motherhood less than that of secondary earners, the two groups converge after 10 years. Moreover, women in the former category exhibit a disproportionately large increase in the share of housework they perform after becoming mothers. The latter results suggest that the presence of children pushes women to seek to compensate breaking a norm by adhering to another one.