bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalization of appetitive conditioned responses
Authors: Andreatta Marta , Pauli Paul 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS) associated with an appetitive unconditioned stimulus (US) acquires positive properties and elicits appetitive conditioned responses (CR). Such associative learning has been examined extensively in animals with food as the US, and results are used to explain psychopathologies (e.g., substance‐related disorders or obesity). Human studies on appetitive conditioning exist, too, but we still know little about generalization processes. Understanding these processes may explain why stimuli not associated with a drug, for instance, can elicit craving. Forty‐seven hungry participants underwent an appetitive conditioning protocol during which one of two circles with different diameters (CS+) became associated with an appetitive US (chocolate or salty pretzel, according to participants’ preference) but never the other circle (CS−). During generalization, US were delivered twice and the two CS were presented again plus four circles (generalization stimuli, GS) with gradually increasing diameters from CS− to CS+. We found successful appetitive conditioning as reflected in appetitive subjective ratings (positive valence, higher contingency) and physiological responses (startle attenuation and larger skin conductance responses) to CS+ versus CS−, and, importantly, both measures confirmed generalization as indicated by generalization gradients. Small changes in CS‐US contingency during generalization may have weakened generalization processes on the physiological level. Considering that appetitive conditioned responses can be generalized to non‐US‐associated stimuli, a next important step would be to investigate risk factors that mediate overgeneralization.
A Latent Class Growth Model for Migrants’ Remittances: An Application to the German Socio-Economic Panel
Authors: Bacci Silvia , Bartolucci Francesco , Bettin Giulia , Pigini Claudia 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWe propose a latent class mixture growth model with concomitant variables to study the time profiles of international remittances sent by first-generation migrants in Germany from 1996 to 2012. The latent class approach enables us to identify homogeneous subgroups of migrants associated with different trajectories for their remitting behaviour, which can be interpreted in the light of the theoretical economic background. In addition, the inclusion of concomitant covariates allows us to uncover whether the assignment of migrants to a specific subgroup can be ascribed to their observable characteristics (e.g. their intention to return home), as conjectured by the theoretical models. The model proposed is easily estimated through an expectation–maximization algorithm. Results show that migrants can be clustered in three groups, two of which reflect the evolution of remittances predicted by economic theory.
MALMEM: Model Averaging in Linear Measurement Error Models
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Ma Yanyuan , Carroll Raymond J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWe develop model averaging estimation in the linear regression model where some covariates are subject to measurement error. The absence of the true covariates in this framework makes the calculation of the standard residual-based loss function impossible. We take advantage of the explicit form of the parameter estimators and construct a weight choice criterion. It is asymptotically equivalent to the unknown model average estimator minimizing the loss function. When the true model is not included in the set of candidate models, the method achieves optimality in terms of minimizing the relative loss, whereas, when the true model is included, the method estimates the model parameter with root n rate. Simulation results in comparison with existing Bayesian information criterion and Akaike information criterion model selection and model averaging methods strongly favour our model averaging method. The method is applied to a study on health.
One-year outcomes of infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a national population cohort study
Authors: Long Anna-May , Bunch Kathryn J , Knight Marian , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Losty Paul Damian 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo report outcomes to 1 year, in infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), explore factors associated with infant mortality and examine the relationship between surgical techniques and postoperative morbidity.DesignProspective national population cohort study.SettingPaediatric surgical centres in the UK and Ireland.MethodData were collected to 1 year for infants with CDH live-born between 1 April 2009 to 30 September 2010. Factors associated with infant mortality are explored using logistic regression. Postoperative morbidity following patch versus primary closure, minimally invasive versus open surgery and biological versus synthetic patch material is described. Data are presented as n (%) and median (IQR).ResultsOverall known survival to 1 year was 75%, 95% CI 68% to 81% (138/184) and postoperative survival 93%, 95% CI 88% to 97% (138/148). Female sex, antenatal diagnosis, use of vasodilators or inotropes, being small for gestational age, patch repair and use of surfactant were all associated with infant death. Infants undergoing patch repair had a high incidence of postoperative chylothorax (11/54 vs 2/96 in infants undergoing primary closure) and a long length of hospital stay (41 days, IQR 24–68 vs 16 days, IQR 10–25 in primary closure group). Infants managed with synthetic patch material had a high incidence of chylothorax (11/34 vs 0/19 with biological patch).ConclusionThe majority of infant deaths in babies born with CDH occur before surgical correction. Female sex, being born small for gestational age, surfactant use, patch repair and receipt of cardiovascular support were associated with a higher risk of death. The optimum surgical approach, timing of operation and choice of patch material to achieve lowest morbidity warrants further evaluation.
Measurement of gut oxygenation in the neonatal population using near-infrared spectroscopy: a clinical tool?
Authors: Seager Emilie , Longley Catherine , Aladangady Narendra , Banerjee Jayanta 
Published: June 2019

ContextNear-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive bedside monitor of tissue oxygenation that may be a useful clinical tool in monitoring of gut oxygenation in newborn infants.ObjectiveTo systematically review literature to determine whether NIRS is a reliable tool to monitor gut oxygenation on neonatal units.Data sourcesPubMed and Embase databases were searched using the terms ‘neonate’, ‘preterm infants’, ‘NIRS’ and ‘gut oxygenation’ (2001–2018).Study selectionStudies were included if they met inclusion criteria (clinical trial, observational studies, neonatal population, articles in English and reviewing regional gut oxygen saturations) and exclusion criteria (not evaluating abdominal NIRS or regional oxygen saturations).Data extractionTwo authors independently searched PubMed and Embase using the predefined terms, appraised study quality and extracted from 30 studies the study design and outcome data.LimitationsPotential for publication bias, majority of studies were prospective cohort studies and small sample sizes.ResultsThirty studies were reviewed assessing the validity of abdominal NIRS and potential application in neonates. Studies reviewed assessed abdominal NIRS in different settings including normal neonates, bolus and continuous feeding, during feed intolerance, necrotising enterocolitis and transfusion with packed red cells. Several observational studies demonstrated how NIRS could be used in clinical practice.ConclusionsNIRS may prove to be a useful bedside tool on the neonatal unit, working alongside current clinical tools in the monitoring of newborn infants (preterm and term) and inform clinical management. We recommend further studies including randomised controlled trials looking at specific measurements and cut-offs for abdominal NIRS for use in further clinical practice.
Does the ethnic density effect extend to obesity? A cross-sectional study of 415 166 adults in east London
Authors: Sutaria Shailen , Mathur Rohini , Hull Sally A 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of obesity by ethnic group and to examine the association between ethnic density and obesity prevalence.Design and settingCross-sectional study utilising electronic primary care records of 128 practices in a multiethnic population of east London.ParticipantsElectronic primary care records of 415 166 adults with a body mass index recorded in the previous 3 years.Outcome measures(1) Odds of obesity for different ethnic groups compared with white British. (2) Prevalence of obesity associated with each 10% increase in own-group ethnic density, by ethnic group.ResultsUsing multilevel logistic regression models, we find that compared with white British/Irish males, the odds of obesity were significantly higher among black ethnic groups and significantly lower among Asian and white other groups. Among females, all ethnic groups except Chinese and white other were at increased odds of obesity compared with white British/Irish. There was no association between increasing ethnic density and obesity prevalence, except among black Africans and Indian females. A 10% increase in black ethnic density was associated with a 15% increase in odds of obesity among black African males (95% CI 1.07 to 1.24) and 18% among black African females (95% CI 1.08 to 1.30). Among Indian females, a 10% increase in Indian ethnic density was associated with a 7% decrease in odds of obesity (95% CI 0.88 to 0.99).ConclusionWider environmental factors play a greater role in determining obesity than the ethnic composition of the area for most ethnic groups. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism through which increasing ethnic density is associated with increased odds of obesity among black Africans and decreased odds of obesity among Indian females.
Mixed methods study exploring parent engagement in child health research in British Columbia
Authors: Smith Jennifer , Pike Ian , Brussoni Mariana , Tucker Lori , Mâsse Louise , Mah Janet W T , Boudreau Ainsley , Mount Dawn , Bonaguro Russell , Glegg Stephanie , Amed S 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to explore parent perspectives of and interest in an interactive knowledge translation platform called Child-Sized KT that proposes to catalyse the collaboration of patients, families, practitioners and researchers in patient-oriented research at British Columbia Children’s Hospital (BCCH).MethodsAn explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used over 1 year. Over 500 parents across BC completed an online survey, including a subsample of 102 parents who had accessed care at BCCH within the past 2 years. The survey explored parent perspectives about the value of their engagement at all stages of the research process and their interest in and concerns with using an online platform. Following the online survey, two focus groups were held with parents in the Vancouver area to explore themes emerging from the survey.ResultsParents expressed keen interest in engaging in research at BCCH. Parents perceived benefit from their input at all stages of the research process; however, they were most interested in helping to identify the problem, develop the research question and share the results. Although parents preferred online participation, they had concerns about protecting the privacy of their child’s information.ConclusionsParents see value in their involvement in all stages of child health research at BCCH. Their input suggests that Child-Sized KT, a hypothetical online platform, would facilitate meaningful stakeholder engagement in child health research, but should offer a customised experience and ensure the highest standard of data privacy and protection.
Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a mindfulness-based relapse prevention program in a naturalistic setting among treatment-seeking patients with alcohol use disorder: a prospective observational study
Authors: von Hammerstein Cora , Khazaal Yasser , Dupuis Mathilde , Aubin Henri-Jean , Benyamina Amine , Luquiens Amandine , Romo Lucia 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesCultural differences between the USA and France led us to examine the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy data on craving, quality of life and psychological flexibility of the add-on Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) programme in alcohol use disorder (AUD) in France.DesignWe conducted a prospective observational study with a 6-month follow-up.SettingThe study was performed in a naturalistic setting with adult outpatients from an addiction department.ParticipantsWe included all patients with a current AUD who participated in the MBRP programme (n=52). There was no non-inclusion criterion.InterventionsThe intervention was an 8-week MBRP programme, combining elements of traditional relapse prevention cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness meditation training. This was an eight-session closed-group programme.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were the number of attended treatment sessions, home practice frequency and dropout rate. Secondary outcomes were changes in craving, quality of life, psychological flexibility, drinking outcomes, depression, anxiety and mindfulness levels.ResultsThe average number of completed sessions was 6.6 (SD: 1.9). Most participants introduced mindfulness meditation into their everyday lives: 69% and 49% of included patients maintained formal practice at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and 80% and 64% maintained informal practice at 3 and 6 months, respectively. Most participants used mindfulness techniques to face high-risk situations (56% at 6 months). Participants reported a significant reduction in craving, days of alcohol use, depression and anxiety and an increase in mindfulness and psychological flexibility at 6 months.ConclusionsThe MBRP programme showed good acceptability and feasibility. MBRP seemed to improve craving, mindfulness and psychological flexibility. Comparative studies are needed to evaluate the programme’s efficacy in AUD.Trial registration number2200863 v 0.
Impact of legal status change on undocumented migrants’ health and well-being (Parchemins): protocol of a 4-year, prospective, mixed-methods study
Authors: Jackson Yves , Courvoisier Delphine S , Duvoisin Aline , Ferro-Luzzi Giovanni , Bodenmann Patrick , Chauvin Pierre , Guessous Idris , Wolff Hans , Cullati Stéphane , Burton-Jeangros Claudine 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionMigrants without residency permit, known as undocumented, tend to live in precarious conditions and be exposed to an accumulation of adverse determinants of health. Only scarce evidence exists on the social, economic and living conditions-related factors influencing their health status and well-being. No study has assessed the impact of legal status regularisation. The Parchemins study is the first prospective, mixed-methods study aiming at measuring the impact on health and well-being of a regularisation policy on undocumented migrants in Europe.Methods and analysisThe Parchemins study will compare self-rated health and satisfaction with life in a group of adult undocumented migrants who qualify for applying for a residency permit (intervention group) with a group of undocumented migrants who lack one or more eligibility criteria for regularisation (control group) in Geneva Canton, Switzerland. Asylum seekers are not included in this study. The total sample will include 400 participants. Data collection will consist of standardised questionnaires complemented by semidirected interviews in a subsample (n=38) of migrants qualifying for regularisation. The baseline data will be collected just before or during the regularisation, and participants will subsequently be followed up yearly for 3 years. The quantitative part will explore variables about health (ie, health status, occupational health, health-seeking behaviours, access to care, healthcare utilisation), well-being (measured by satisfaction with different dimensions of life), living conditions (ie, employment, accommodation, social support) and economic situation (income, expenditures). Several confounders including sociodemographic characteristics and migration history will be collected. The qualitative part will explore longitudinally the experience of change in legal status at individual and family levels.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Geneva, Switzerland. All participants provided informed consent. Results will be shared with undocumented migrants and disseminated in scientific journals and conferences. Fully anonymised data will be available to researchers.
Evaluating stress, satisfaction and the associated influencing factors of participants in cancer clinical trials: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Jiang Shiyu , Liu Peng , Yang Sheng , Yang Jianliang , Wu Dawei , Fang Hong , Qin Yan , Zhou Shengyu , Xu Jianping , Sun Yongkun , Mo Hongnan , Gui Lin , Xing Puyuan , Lan Bo , Zhang Bo , Tang Le , Sun Yan , Shi Yuankai 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesPatients’ stress and satisfaction concerning cancer clinical trials (CCT) may affect study accrual and quality. Our study aimed to evaluate stress and satisfaction in CCT and the influencing factors.DesignCross-sectional analysis done by a questionnaire after informed consent.SettingCancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.Participants199 CCT participants. Primary and secondary outcome measures self-assessed stress and satisfaction in CCT.ResultsAmong 199 participants, 83.9% would join CCT again; 72.9% had enough time to decide on trial participation; 73.9% claimed complete awareness of CCT; 3.5% doubted CCT’s significance and scientific quality; 33.2% deemed CCT time-consuming; 73.9% scored satisfaction ≥9/10; and 25.6% claimed moderate to severe stress. Positive factors for satisfaction were enough decision time (OR=0.36, p=0.0003), better impressions of doctors (OR=0.41, p=0.047) and less time-consuming trials (OR=0.43, p<0.0001). Individuals with more prior uninsured medical expenses (OR=1.23, p=0.026), less time consumption (OR=2.35, p<0.0001) and more tests in CCT (OR=0.64, p=0.035) were less likely to experience stress. Phase III study participants bore less stress than phase II (OR=0.29, p=0.032) but more than phase I (OR=1.18, p=0.009).ConclusionsOur study addressed factors influencing CCT participants’ stress and satisfaction. We suggested measures to improve patients’ experiences in CCT.Trial registration numberNCT03412344; Pre-results.
Peer reviewed evaluation of registered end-points of randomised trials (the PRE-REPORT study): protocol for a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Jones Christopher W , Adams Amanda , Weaver Mark A , Schroter Sara , Misemer Benjamin S , Schriger David , Platts-Mills Timothy F 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionClinical trials are critical to the advancement of medical knowledge. However, the reliability of trial conclusions depends in part on consistency between pre-planned and reported study outcomes. Unfortunately, selective outcome reporting, in which outcomes reported in published manuscripts differ from pre-specified study outcomes, is common. Trial registries such as ClinicalTrials.gov have the potential to help identify and stop selective outcome reporting during peer review by allowing peer reviewers to compare outcomes between registry entries and submitted manuscripts. However, the persistently high rate of selective outcome reporting among published clinical trials indicates that the current peer review process at most journals does not effectively address the problem of selective outcome reporting.Methods and analysisPRE-REPORT is a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial that will test whether providing peer reviewers with a summary of registered, pre-specified primary trial outcomes decreases inconsistencies between prospectively registered and published primary outcomes. Peer reviewed manuscripts describing clinical trial results will be included. Eligible manuscripts submitted to each participating journal during the study period will comprise each cluster. After an initial control phase, journals will transition to the intervention phase in random order, after which peer reviewers will be emailed registry information consisting of the date of registration and any prospectively defined primary outcomes. Blinded outcome assessors will compare registered and published primary outcomes for all included trials. The primary PRE-REPORT outcome is the presence of a published primary outcome that is consistent with a prospectively defined primary outcome in the study’s trial registry. The primary outcome will be analysed using a mixed effect logistical regression model to compare results between the intervention and control phases.Ethics and disseminationThe Cooper Health System Institutional Review Board determined that this study does not meet criteria for human subject research. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN41225307; Pre-results.
Precision pulse capsulotomy: an automated alternative to manual capsulorhexis in paediatric cataract
Authors: Chougule Pratik , Warkad Vivekanand , Badakere Akshay , Kekunnaya Ramesh 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo report our operative experience with precision pulse capsulotomy (PPC) for anterior capsulotomy in a paediatric cataract series.Methods and analysisThis study is a retrospective interventional, descriptive series of consecutive paediatric eyes (≤16 years) undergoing cataract surgery using PPC. Surgical time and the time required to perform PPC was recorded. Any intraoperative and postoperative adverse events were noted. Postoperatively, visual acuity, anterior segment examination and intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded for all children at day 1, 1 week and 1 month.Results21 eyes of 14 patients were included in the study, with the median age at surgery of 6.0 years (IQR; 5-7.75, range=1–16 years). Male to female ratio was 11:3. 13 eyes had lamellar cataract, 3 eyes had total cataract, 2 had posterior subcapsular cataract, 2 had traumatic cataract, while 1 eye had sutural cataract. Median surgical time was 26 min (IQR 21-32) and median PPC time was 75.0 secs (IQR 56-86.5). The anterior capsulotomy was round and complete in most cases, except in one case due to faulty suction. All patients underwent a successful in the bag implantation of intraocular lens with capsulotomy margins overlapping the optic edges in 19 eyes (90%). Median PPC size was 5.54 mm (n=9, IQR 5.39 -5.75) which was slightly larger than expected. None of the cases had any intraoperative or postoperative adverse events with no radial tears of capsulotomy. Postoperatively, the mean final follow-up was 5.71+3.20 weeks.ConclusionTo conclude PPC can be used as an alternative to manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis in paediatric cataract surgery producing round well- centred and strong capsulotomy with an easier learning curve.