bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Distributed Graphical Fluid Simulations with Micro‐partitioning
Authors: Qu Hang , Mashayekhi Omid , Shah Chinmayee , Levis Philip 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGraphical fluid simulations are CPU‐bound. Parallelizing simulations on hundreds of cores in the computing cloud would make them faster, but requires evenly balancing load across nodes. Good load balancing depends on manual decisions from experts, which are time‐consuming and error prone, or dynamic approaches that estimate and react to future load, which are non‐deterministic and hard to debug.This paper proposes Birdshot scheduling, an automatic and purely static load balancing algorithm whose performance is close to expert decisions and reactive algorithms without their difficulty or complexity. Birdshot scheduling's key insight is to leverage the high‐latency, high‐throughput, full bisection bandwidth of cloud computing nodes. Birdshot scheduling splits the simulation domain into many micro‐partitions and statically assigns them to nodes randomly. Analytical results show that randomly assigned micro‐partitions balance load with high probability. The high‐throughput network easily handles the increased data transfers from micro‐partitions, and full bisection bandwidth allows random placement with no performance penalty. Overlapping the communications and computations of different micro‐partitions masks latency.Experiments with particle‐level set, SPH, FLIP and explicit Eulerian methods show that Birdshot scheduling speeds up simulations by a factor of 2‐3, and can out‐perform reactive scheduling algorithms. Birdshot scheduling performs within 21% of state‐of‐the‐art dynamic methods that require running a second, parallel simulation. Unlike speculative algorithms, Birdshot scheduling is purely static: it requires no controller, runtime data collection, partition migration or support for these operations from the programmer.
Radioresistant laryngeal cancers upregulate type 1 IGF receptor and exhibit increased cellular dependence on IGF and EGF signalling
Authors: Qureishi Ali , Rieunier Guillaume , Shah Ketan A. , Aleksic Tamara , Winter Stuart C. , Møller Henrik , Macaulay Valentine M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesPatients failing radiotherapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) often require salvage total laryngectomy which has major functional consequences, highlighting a need for biomarkers of radiotherapy resistance. In other tumour types, radioresistance has been linked to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and type 1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF‐1R). Here, we evaluated IGF‐1R and EGFR as predictors and mediators of LSCC radioresistance.DesignWe compared IGF‐1R and EGFR immunohistochemical scores in patients with LSCC achieving long‐term remission post‐radiotherapy (n = 23), patients treated with primary laryngectomy (n = 22) or salvage laryngectomy following radiotherapy recurrence (n = 18). To model radioresistance in vitro, two LSCC cell lines underwent clinically relevant irradiation to 55 Gy in 2.75 Gy fractions.ResultsType 1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor expression was higher in pre‐treatment biopsies of radiotherapy failures compared with those in long‐term remission and was upregulated post‐radiotherapy. Patients undergoing primary laryngectomy had more advanced T/N stage and greater tumour IGF‐1R content than those achieving long‐term remission. Pre‐treatment EGFR did not associate with radiotherapy outcomes but showed a trend to upregulation post‐irradiation. In vitro, radiosensitivity was enhanced by inhibition of EGFR but not IGF. Repeated irradiation upregulated IGF‐1R in BICR18 and SQ20B cells and EGFR in SQ20B, and enhanced SQ20B radioresistance. Repeatedly irradiated SQ20B_55 cells were not radiosensitised by inhibition of IGF and/or EGFR, but IGF‐1R:EGFR co‐inhibition suppressed baseline cell survival more effectively than blockade of either pathway alone, and more effectively than in parental cells.ConclusionsRadiation upregulates IGF‐1R and may enhance IGF/EGFR dependence, suggesting that IGF/EGFR blockade may have activity in LSCCs that recur post‐radiotherapy.
An analysis of Australian news and current affair program coverage of sharks on Facebook
Authors: Le Busque Brianna , Roetman Philip , Dorrian Jillian , Litchfield Carla 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs most people will never encounter sharks in the wild, the media's portrayal of these animals is a key contributing factor to public perception of these species. Facebook is a common way for people to engage with news in Australia. Therefore, content and thematic analysis was conducted on a novel dataset comprising of 2,643 Facebook posts made by Australian news and current affairs media outlets during 2016. To allow for an understanding of the general public's reaction to the media coverage, 40,373 public Facebook user's comments were also analyzed. Shark‐related posts were common, with 87% of all the news‐related Facebook pages analyzed having published at least one post related to sharks and only 49 days had no published shark‐related posts. Shark and human interactions were overwhelmingly the most common theme in the Facebook posts with 45.6% falling into this category and none of these posts labelled the interactions using the Australian Shark Attack File categorization. A common theme emerging from the user comments was that the ocean is dangerous (n = 2,493), suggesting that people may perceive the risk of shark attacks to be high. Because human behaviors negatively impact shark populations, social science research, including media analyses, is an important tool for understanding perceptions of sharks and may guide strategies that could support conservation efforts, including suggestions for how the media should report shark and human interactions.
Influence of angle of incidence, temperature and SiC content on erosive wear behavior of ZrB2‐SiC composites
Authors: Gupta Yashpal , Venkateswaran T. , Kumar B. Venkata Manoj 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis research work deals with the investigation of erosive wear of spark plasma sintered ZrB2‐SiC composites with variation in angle of incidence (30°, 60°, and 90°), test temperature (room and 800°C) and SiC content (10, 20, and 30 vol.%). Results indicate a large variation in erosion rate from 2.13 to 75.45 mm3/kg with change in angle of incidence, test temperature, and SiC content. Erosion rate decreased with the decrease in angle of incidence, increase in temperature, and increase in SiC content. With increase in SiC content from 10 to 30 vol.%, a maximum reduction of 68% in erosion rate obtained at shallow incidence and room temperature, and a maximum reduction of 78% in erosion rate obtained at shallow incidence and 800°C. SEM‐EDS and XRD analyses indicate that formation of B2O3 and SiO2‐rich protective surface is responsible for high temperature erosion resistance of ZrB2‐SiC composites.
The emerging role of regulatory T cells following lung transplantation
Authors: Gauthier Jason M. , Harrison M. Shea , Krupnick Alexander S. , Gelman Andrew E. , Kreisel Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Treg) have proven to be a powerful immunologic force in nearly every organ system and hold therapeutic potential for a wide range of diseases. Insights gained from non‐transplant pathologies, such as infection, cancer, and autoimmunity, are now being translated to the field of solid organ transplantation, particularly for livers and kidneys. Recent insights from animal models of lung transplantation have established that Tregs play a vital role in suppressing rejection and facilitating tolerance of lung allografts, and such discoveries are being validated in human studies and preclinical trials. Given that long‐term outcomes following lung transplantation remain profoundly limited by chronic rejection, Treg therapy holds the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes and should be aggressively investigated.
Maternal and paternal depressive symptoms and children's emotional problems at the age of 2 and 5 years: a longitudinal study
Authors: Pietikäinen Johanna T. , Kiviruusu Olli , Kylliäinen Anneli , Pölkki Pirjo , Saarenpää‐Heikkilä Outi , Paunio Tiina , Paavonen E. Juulia 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundMaternal and paternal depressive symptoms are related to children's emotional problems, but their combined effect remains unclear. Here, we constructed four parental longitudinal depressive symptom trajectory groups and studied their associations with children's emotional problems at the age of 2 and 5 years.MethodsWe did an assessment of maternal and paternal depressive symptoms (gestational week 32, as well as 3, 8 and 24 months postnatally) and children's emotional problems at ages two (N = 939) and five (N = 700) in the CHILD‐SLEEP cohort. Three separate maternal and paternal depressive symptom trajectories based on latent profile analysis were combined to form four parental depressive symptom trajectory groups. We compared groups with a general linear model, with children's emotional (total, internalizing and externalizing) – problem scores serving as the dependent variables.ResultsAt both ages, combined parental depressive symptom trajectories were associated with children's emotional problems: effect sizes were medium for total and small for other domains. According to post hoc comparisons, children whose mothers or both parents had persistent depressive symptoms had significantly more total, externalizing and internalizing problems than did children who had neither parent nor only the father showing depressive symptoms. A higher (and persistent) level of maternal depressive symptoms was related to a higher level of these children's emotional problems, a pattern not evident with paternal depressive symptoms. In all analyses, the interaction effect was nonsignificant between parental trajectories and child gender.ConclusionsFindings suggest that an absence of depressive symptoms in their fathers cannot compensate for the adverse effects of maternal depressive symptoms upon their children. Moreover, paternal depressive symptoms alone do not lead to increased risk for emotional problems in these 2‐ and 5‐year‐old children. In contrast, even subclinical levels of maternal depressive symptoms in late pregnancy are associated with increased risk for their children's experiencing internalizing and externalizing emotional problems.
Age and gender influence on HIDRAdisk outcomes in adalimumab‐treated hidradenitis suppurativa patients
Authors: Fabbrocini G. , Marasca C. , Megna M. , Peris K. ,   the HS Quality of Life Study Group
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease characterized by a significant impairment of patients’ quality of life (QoL). It has been recently found that clinical severity of HS does not correlate well with QoL. Therefore, it is important to enhance the evaluation of severity considering the disease burden on QoL. Recently, a new graphical tool able to better describe HS burden, the so‐called HIDRAdisk, has been introduced.ObjectiveTo investigate the utility of HIDRAdisk in clinical practice before and after treatment and to analyse whether specific factors such as age and gender may influence the outcomes in patients with moderate‐to‐severe HS.MethodsA single‐centre retrospective study on 24 patients (13F/11M, mean age 38 ± 15 years) with moderate‐to‐severe HS was performed. Clinical data (disease severity and quality of life) were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of adalimumab.ResultsHIDRAdisk showed significantly better improvements in males (69.8 ± 6.2–49.6 ± 10.8) compared to females (80.7 ± 6.0–72.3 ± 6.7), P <0.001. A significant correlation was found in the total population between HS severity values measured through the modified Sartorius score (mSS) and QoL measured through HIDRAdisk. As regards the relationship between disease outcomes and age, a trend for better HIDRAdisk outcomes in younger patients (<40 years) compared to older ones was observed.ConclusionsHIDRAdisk appears as a complete and informative tool which can easily measure the global burden of HS, guiding treatment choice and evaluating its efficacy.
Hidradenitis suppurativa in patients with Down syndrome
Authors: Veraldi S. , Guanziroli E. , Benzecry V. , Nazzaro G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLiterature data about hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) in patients with Down syndrome (DS) are limited. In this retrospective study, 6 (4M/2F; mean age: 18.7 years) out of 313 patients affected byHS(1.9%) hadDS. The age of appearance ofHSwas from 9 to 14 years. No family history ofHSwas present.BMIranged from 20.1 to 29.9. In all patients,HSwas located below the diaphragm. Five out of six patients were staged as HurleyIIseverity.
A case of hidradenitis suppurativa linked to trisomy 1q
Authors: Skroza N. , Mambrin A. , Tolino E. , Bernardini N. , Proietti I. , Anzalone A. , Marchesiello A. , Porta N. , Petrozza V. , Potenza C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic relapsing disorder of the apocrine gland affecting mainly areas subjected to friction (e.g. the axillae, groin, perineum and medial aspects of the thighs). This condition can be linked to different comorbidities: autoimmune and inflammatory disease, hormone‐related disorders, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as rare syndromes such as Bazex–Dupré–Christol, Down's, KID, PAPASH, PASS, PASH, and SAPHO syndromes, or Dowling–Degos disease. We report a case of severe HS in a patient with Trisomy 1q;13, a very rare cytogenetic anomaly characterized by severe anomalies including dysmorphisms, multiple congenital malformations, heart defects and intellectual disability.
Hidradenitis suppurativa in a prepubertal case series: a call for specific guidelines
Authors: Offidani A. , Molinelli E. , Sechi A. , Brisigotti V. , Campanati A. , Raone B. , Neri I. , Patrizi A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory disease associated with a high physical and psychological burden. It is a disorder of the infundibular segment of the pilosebaceous unit, characterized by subcutaneous nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts and scar formation on the intertriginous and apocrine‐bearing areas. HS is quite rare in young and prepubertal children. It usually begins after puberty, but several reports of prepubertal HS onset have been described. These cases are strongly linked to hormonal disorders and genetic susceptibility. Specific guidelines for prepubertal patients are still lacking, so further studies are warranted to better delineate a tailored approach. This paper aims to summarize the most significant aspects, as well as the most recent information about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, comorbidities and treatment of paediatric HS. In addition, we report our clinical experience in managing HS in a group of eight prepubertal patients based on systemic antibiotics (azithromycin) and zinc oral supplementation.
Efficacy of a repair cream based on Rhealba Oat plantlets extract and active healing compounds in peelings: benefit to patient's downtime and pain
Authors: Ocampo‐Candiani J. , Saint Aroman M. , Carballido F. , Darde M.S. , Vázquez Martínez O. , Garza‐Rodríguez V. , Chavez‐Alvarez S. , Aardewijn T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency of dermatological procedures is steadily increasing, accompanying a growing demand from patients. Chemical peels are a method of resurfacing in the treatment of various skin conditions. However, during the early healing process, patients may impose downtime on themselves. The erythema, pain and poor aesthetic appearance of the skin can lead to unwillingness to participate in social or professional activities.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of a repair cream based on Rhealba Oat plantlets extract and active healing compounds after a peeling procedure.MethodsMen and women, aged 18–65 years, with Fitzpatrick phototype I‐IV, who had previously received a medium‐depth chemical peel on the face (TCA 30%) entered with their consent a clinical study evaluating the new test product based on Rhealba Oat and active healing compounds. At the beginning of the study, the selected patients received a TCA 30% medium‐depth peel. Afterwards, they were treated during 29 days with the repair cream and evaluated for the benefits to downtime and pain.ResultsSignificant reductions of pain (P < 0.0114) and erythema (P < 0.0001) were observed in the study. The downtime reduction with the tested cream was 92% ‐ from 9 days after the previous peeling procedure to 0.74 days with application of the tested cream – a difference of 8.39 days.ConclusionIn consequence, the tested repair cream based on Rhealba Oat plantlets extract and active healing compounds brings clinical benefit to patients who undergo peeling procedures. By reducing pain and downtime, it allows patients to get back to their daily life activities a week earlier than with previous peels.
Follicular occlusion tetrad in a male patient with pachyonychia congenita: clinical and genetic analysis
Authors: Musumeci M.L. , Fiorentini F. , Bianchi L. , Cascella R. , Giardina E. , Caputo V. , Micali G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe case of a 24‐year‐old male patient affected by follicular occlusion tetrad (acne conglobata, hidradenitis suppurativa, pilonidal cyst and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp) associated with clinical signs of pachyonychia congenita (PC)‐2 (focal palmoplantar keratoderma, plantar pain, onycodystrophy and multiple cysts) is reported. The diagnosis was supported by genetic analysis that showed heterozygous mutation within the exon 1 of KRT17 gene. This case may reflect different expressions of a phenotypic spectrum induced by a common genetic alteration.
Sensational signs, authority and the public sphere: Settler colonial rhetoric in times of change
Authors: Deumert Ana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe article explores the emotional regimes of settler colonialism in post‐apartheid South Africa. The focus is on apocalyptic fears of the imagined eradication of whiteness. These fears are articulated in response to postcolonial/decolonial interpellations of abject whiteness, and are made visible in a range of sensational signs that circulate online and offline. The signs cluster around two themes that are central to the ideologies of settler colonialism: land (and its feared loss), and (white) bodies (and their feared disappearance). Following Sarah Ahmed (2004a,b), emotionally charged signs can be seen as actions (akin to words in speech act theory). In contrast to Jürgen Habermas’ conception of the public sphere as an idealized place of rational debate, the article argues that a combination of affect‐emotion‐feeling and the performance of ‘reason’—what Aristotelian rhetoric refers to aspathosandethos—are integral for understanding public‐political discourses of whiteness at a time when white privilege has been called out globally (and locally), and white dominance has lost its stronghold.
Taphonomic experiments resolve controls on the preservation of melanosomes and keratinous tissues in feathers
Authors: Slater Tiffany S. , McNamara Maria E. , Orr Patrick J. , Foley Tara B. , Ito Shosuke , Wakamatsu Kazumasa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFossils are a key source of data on the evolution of feather structure and function through deep time, but their ability to resolve macroevolutionary questions is compromised by an incomplete understanding of their taphonomy. Critically, the relative preservation potential of two key feather components, melanosomes and keratinous tissue, is not fully resolved. Recent studies suggesting that melanosomes are preferentially preserved conflict with observations that melanosomes preserve in fossil feathers as external moulds in an organic matrix. To date, there is no model to explain the latter mode of melanosome preservation. We addressed these issues by degrading feathers in systematic taphonomic experiments incorporating decay, maturation and oxidation in isolation and combination. Our results reveal that the production of mouldic melanosomes requires interactions with an oxidant and is most likely to occur prior to substantial maturation. This constrains the taphonomic conditions under which melanosomes are likely to be fossilized. Critically, our experiments also confirm that keratinous feather structures have a higher preservation potential than melanosomes under a range of diagenetic conditions, supporting hitherto controversial hypotheses that fossil feathers can retain degraded keratinous structures.
Assessment of the Dose–Response Relationship Between Folate Exposure and Cognitive Impairment: Synthesizing Data from Documented Studies
Authors: Wang Bing , Sahyoun Nadine R. , Shao Kan , Dutta Enakshy , Clarke Jennifer 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe dose–response relationship between folate levels and cognitive impairment among individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency is an essential component of a risk‐benefit analysis approach to regulatory and policy recommendations regarding folic acid fortification. Epidemiological studies provide data that are potentially useful for addressing this research question, but the lack of analysis and reporting of data in a manner suitable for dose–response purposes hinders the application of the traditional evidence synthesis process. This study aimed to estimate a quantitative dose–response relationship between folate exposure and the risk of cognitive impairment among older adults with vitamin B12 deficiency using “probabilistic meta‐analysis,” a novel approach for synthesizing data from observational studies. Second‐order multistage regression was identified as the best‐fit model for the association between the probability of cognitive impairment and serum folate levels based on data generated by randomly sampling probabilistic distributions with parameters estimated based on summarized information reported in relevant publications. The findings indicate a “J‐shape” effect of serum folate levels on the occurrence of cognitive impairment. In particular, an excessive level of folate exposure is predicted to be associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, albeit with greater uncertainty than the association between low folate exposure and cognitive impairment. This study directly contributes to the development of a practical solution to synthesize observational evidence for dose–response assessment purposes, which will help strengthen future nutritional risk assessments for the purpose of informing decisions on nutrient fortification in food.
Design and Characterization of a Soft Vacuum-Actuated Rotary Actuator
Authors: Zhang Liancun , Huang Qiang , Wang Wenkang , Cai Kangjian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study provides a type of soft vacuum-actuated rotary actuator. The structures in the actuator are based on different elastomeric structures that comprise a number of interacting elastic radial beams, elastic circumferential beams, and interconnected, deformable sector ring structure air chambers. When negative pressure is applied to the structure, the radial beams bend reversibly into serpentine shapes until adjacent circumferential beams contact each other. This bending results in a large change in the circumferential angle of the structure, but a smaller change in its radial width. Thus, the structure produces rotational motion in its circumferential direction. The design, fabrication, and mechanical analysis of the actuator are introduced, respectively. Moreover, finite element simulation analysis and experimental testing are carried out to study the corresponding relations between the air pressure, rotation angle, and force of the actuator. In addition, the stimulation results and the experimental results of the actuator are statistically analyzed by statistical product and service solutions (spss) statistical software. The test results of the experimental platform are highly correlated with the results of the finite element simulation.