bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near Line RTL as a Comprehensive Solution of the Massive Seismic Data Growth
Authors: Alalfy Mostafa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The massive seismic data growth is a typical exponential function. The current size is tens of PB's and it hardly can be managed. As per the acquisition plan, the expected size in few years is a zettabyte (ZB). The team studied many technologies and solutions. The Online and/or the Offline systems will not meet our end users requirements. The Near Line Robotic Tape Library is the comprehensive solution for such issues that fulfill the needs.
The first step was defining the current issues versus the business needs of the users. Next we studied the available technologies in the market e.g. Online RTL, Offline RTL, Near Line in addition to other similar cases in IOC's and NOC's. The Near Line RTL with enhanced workflows and data standards, was the best in our case. It depends on a very strong naming system. The Barcode system insures that no errors occurred. The interactive data allocation exchange between Fast Disk, Slow Disk and Taps are very effective. The loading/exporting are very quick even with hundreds of TB's files.
The Near Line RTL with our customized workflows and data flow system has the advantages of both
other systems i.e. Online and Offline. It is the first implementation in the world. However the challenges are tremendously huge, the system shows a very effective performance and seamlessly interactive environment. The users now can deal with a seismic files with hundreds of TB's easily. The customized system in addition to the barcodes are controlling the process. The asset end users now heavily depend on that system and that is why we expanded that system (in term of capacity). Customizable, easy extendable, friendly system was strongly recommended during planning phase for such purpose. A real case, one of our users has an urgent request (seismic file of 240 TB) and he requested it in less than couple of days, we did it in one hour!
The Conclusion: managing massive data files e.g. seismic, became easier with the RTL technology. The Near Line system with a customized workflows and standards will be a very comprehensive solution that not only fits, but also exceeds the success criteria and the business needs. Many companies now are evaluating such system, where we suggest aforementioned customization.
The Project is a step forward towards the optimized three end-members managements i.e. Technology, People and Processes. The unbalanced management of these resources is a cause of inefficiency and issues/gaps. The magic key of balancing these resources will save the efforts, time which means money in addition to performance enhancements.
Carbon Capture & Storage Management for Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait
Authors: Hussain Zainab , Owayed Fatima , Rao Parisudda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has commissioned a study to determine the potential contribution that Carbon Capture and Storage alone (CCS), Carbon Capture and Storage with Enhanced Oil Recovery (CCS-EOR) or other identified measures could make to reducing Kuwait's / KOC's Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, by implementation of recommendations. This study was examined various methods to reduce GHG emissions, including CCS, and will provide a strategy for the implementation of various GHG emission reduction technologies for KOC of international and national requirements to address the global challenge of climate change, with particular focus on the Middle East and the Oil and Gas industry.
A cost effective GHG emission reduction target for KOC is proposed to limit GHG emissions as Business as Usual in 2030. Achieving this target requires implementing the Prioritized GHG Emissions Reduction Plan with specific Key Performance Measures (KPMs) for KOC. This Plan is based on a package of GHG emission reduction measures that would be cost neutral to KOC. Adopting a similar approach across the whole of Kuwait is expected to reduce emissions by 2030 projections. CCS and CCS-EOR would accrue costs but have the potential to make the greatest contribution to reducing GHG emissions. This Study recommends CCS and CCS-EOR are suitable for longer-term consideration. Furthermore, the top management KPMs has been identified that will help the management to monitor and control the GHGs emissions to address the global challenge of climate change.
Petroleum Systems and Exploration Plays of Offshore Kuwait
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad W. , Christoffersen Trond 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn update of an internal study of regional Jurassic and Cretaceous petroleum systems of Mesopotamian Basin that incorporated recently published cluster analyses correlations of source rocks to trapped oil families, reprocessed regional seismic surveys, and stratigraphic correlations of wells, fields and discoveries by current and past operating companies in offshore sectors of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabian-Kuwaiti DZ at the northern Arabian Gulf (Figures 1A and 1B).The study aims at integrating the updated parameters of the proven regional petroleum systems, and recently reprocessed seismic anomalies with the structural evolution of offshore Kuwait in order to identify regional play fairways and delineate their trends and seismic stratigraphic analogues in Offshore Kuwait. We supplement the discussion with examples from a Regional Data Set of more than 20,000 km of high-quality 2D seismic data from the eastern side of the Northern Arabian Gulf (Figures 1A and 1B) complemented by well information and published geological information. The goal is to assess the usefulness as well as limitations of regional using analogues in future exploration offshore Kuwait.
Turning Threat into Opportunity: NORM Management Helps to Recoup the Deferred Production from North Kuwait
Authors: Saleh Nada , Chetri Hom , Al-Mutawa Majdi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
North Kuwait has a vision to produce about 1 million BOPD within next couple of year. As a part of this strategy, all efforts & opportunities are being synchronized to maximize the production. A serious threat to this plan was confronted by observation of Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) at some of the producers, a new challenge for which the asset did not anticipate or had any plan earlier. The paper proposal covers how this threat was converted into an opportunity. A comprehensive review of the wells with NORM was done to understand the link to specific reservoir related issues or zone's mineralogy. As this kind of production problem has been faced for the first time in North Kuwait, brainstorming and technical pros & cons were investigated with internal as well as external consultants. A due diligence was conducted to existing rules & procedures within KOC and Kuwait. Case histories from different parts of the world were reviewed as to how such issues had been resolved. Measurement of NORM, accuracy & validity was also looked into, which varied from vendor to vendor. Thus the gathered knowledge was shared with all stake holder teams.
As almost 30-40 MBOPD was the locked in potential, fast track actions have been taken to create a contract to manage wells suffering from NORM. After going through a fast track identification of suitable vendor, contract was awarded to one of the international vendor. Accordingly, workover rigs were made ready to handle NORM remediation operations professionally. Simultaneously, technical evaluation of the performance of wells infected with NORM was done to understand the phenomenon and the relationship with the changes in reservoir pressure / stimulation. A workover schedule was prepared and implemented to revive the shut-in production potential to the GCs, resulting in a bump in oil production for North Kuwait. As a result of the strategy adopted, deferment of oil production due to NORM, which hovered to more than 1.5 years in the past, is prevented, thus helping production target requirements for the Asset. Performance evaluation of wells indicated that there is a strong relationship of reservoir pressure and stimulation with the NORM level.
NORM management requires an integrated team approach, ranging from working units to the organization level and a proactive analytical approach to understand the impact of ongoing sub-surface operations on NORM tendencies. The proper understanding and analysis done in overcoming the NORM has aided in enhancing and sustaining the production via having extended productive life for the wells.
Cyclic Water Flood for Enhanced Injection Efficiency & Reduced Water Re-Circulation in Sabiriyah Mauddud, North Kuwait
Authors: Saleh Nada , Al-Shuaib Mariam , Chetri Hom , Al-Zaabi Hamad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sabiriyah Mauddud is one of the largest carbonate reservoirs in North Kuwait on active water flood since last 20 years using sea water as the injectant. The reservoir is purely a depletion drive reservoir, responding to water flood quickly in terms of increase in reservoir pressure as well as preferential flow of injectant into the nearby producers, thus stressing the existing water handling capacities at the gathering centers. Almost 40% of the injected water re-circulated between the injectors & producers, thus disabling the complete benefit of the ongoing water flood activities. A new initiative has been tried at two of the injectors for cyclic injection for optimal balance between pressure requirements and water cut levels.
While water flooding Sabiriyah Mauddud, surprises in terms of rock & fluid understanding influenced quick water cut build up, reaching to more than 90% in some wells. A comprehensive G&G; Reservoir engineering and surveillance data aided to understand the connection factors between the injectors and producers. A fit for purpose tool developed to evaluate the water re-circulation has been used to short list the wells with "bad" water, requiring attention to control. As such bad water had been mainly due to direct short circuiting with the nearby injectors, team decided to go for handling such water from injector management point of view rather than working over the well for conformance related isolation of water producing zone. Cyclic water injection is the best solution so as to minimize the water re-circulation and stay within the operating range of the ESP in the associated producers, with properly spaced cycles of closure & opening. The initiative has been implemented at two of the injectors recently with positive results.
The cyclic injection has reduced the water cut at the associated producers up to 30%, thus improving the oil cut significantly. This has reduced the water handling requirements at the gathering centers. The closing action planned for few high water cut wells has been canceled as a result of this strategy. The concept is planned to be implemented in remaining injectors of Mauddud once there are evidences of bad water re-circulation in multiple wells associated with these injectors.
Water flood & production efficiency using cyclic water injection approach is a proven way to manage undesirable water encroachment in producers in Sabiriyah Mauddud, the results of which are interesting & worth sharing with the global professionals.
A Fast Embedded Discrete Fracture Model Based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition POD Method
Authors: Rao Xiang , Cheng Linsong , Cao Renyi , Jia Pin , Du Xulin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a fast embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) based on POD method to improve the computational efficiency. Firstly, this paper gives a brief review of EDFM and derive the form of functional equations of pressure vector or saturation vector for global equations, and this form indicates the dimension of the discrete dynamic system is about the number of cells. Then, the time costs of EDFM are analyzed in detail, and the analysis shows that reducing the order of global equations is critical to decrease the time cost. Finally, this paper derives the POD basis function expansion of the pressure or saturation vector and gives the new global equations with a low order. The accuracy and efficiency of the fast model is compared in case of different sample numbers and mode numbers, and the results show that the POD-based EDFM can significantly improve the computational efficiency while ensuring enough accuracy.
Signal Analysis of Phase Inversion in Oil-Water Mixtures
Authors: Al-Jindan Jana , Ahmed Yusuf , Noui-Mehidi Mohamed Nabil 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present paper is concerned with an experimental study of the acoustic signature of phase inversion in an oil-water mixture system. The experimental results from a batch system revealed that the correlation between the acoustic fields produced by a water-continuous dispersion has a different signature from an oil-continuous dispersion. Phase inversion could be clearly identified based on the acoustic field generated by the stirrer. This dynamic characteristic of the phase inversion phenomenon could be of use in a practical system, such as a mixing system or flowlines to detect phase inversion when it occurs.
Understanding Production Performance & Rock Behavior By Using Different Diversion Techniques in Carbonate Matrix Acidizing Process
Authors: Omer Mohammed , Babey Andrew , Fragachan Francisco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn stimulated carbonate formations, one damage mechanism is the loss of near wellbore rock compressive strength upon matrix acidizing. Improper designed acidizing jobs may excessively soften the rock and negatively impact the mechanical response of near wellbore rock during production. In this work, an integrated geomechanical workflow is presented and applied to optimize acid placement and fluid diversion treatment in a Middle East carbonate reservoir.The model consists of petrophysical characterization of the formation, coupled wellbore flow model, rock dissolution model, rock physical model, wellbore stress analysis and lastly production prediction. The model first simulates stimulation fluid movement within wellbore and couples it with transient flow in reservoir. The primary analysis determines the distribution of reactive fluid along the well and predicts porosity evolution across the reservoir domain upon stimulation. Then, the developed geomechanical engine simulates the mechanical behavior (compressional or shear failure) of stimulated rock under different stress conditions during production stage.This paper introduces an integrated geomechanical workflow to stimulate matrix acidizing and describe dynamic reservoir compaction and its influence on production performance, which varies significantly with the stress condition, formation types and design strategy. In the presented case study, various diversion techniques are analyzed, and overall production are compared to assess the stimulation efficiency by considering the effect of rock failure. The comparative analysis identifies an optimized diversion technique and design, which can minimize near wellbore rock failure and sustain production for a longer term.This model enables a reliable prediction of acidic fluid distribution and identification of key controlling parameters to maximize conductive reservoir volume and mitigate premature wormhole collapse. Depending on the diversion technique and reservoir conditions, the workflow can provide a proactive solution to improve matrix acidizing design to enhance overall recovery. The presented case study can aid to build a customized and optimized strategy for matrix acidizing for middle east carbonate formations.
LDS - Leak Detection System at Trieste/Visco Pipeline
Authors: Surace Luca , Sorrentino Massimiliano , Capaldi Fabio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of the leak detection system (LDS) project was to install and manage a tool able to detect leaks on the Trieste-Visco pipeline, i.e. to prevent potential environmental damage. The Trieste to Visco pipeline is a 10-inch, 58km multiproduct pipeline that is mainly buried and transports refined fuels. The pipeline follows the lay of the land, mainly rural areas, at an average depth of 2,5 mt apart from road and river crossings. The project began in November 2016 and finished in March 2018. The identified solution, Atmos Wave Flow®, using pressure sensors along the whole pipeline and flow sensors at pipeline start/end, coupled with interpretation software can raise alarms providing the exact location of the leak with a +/-50m precision and a 20 l/min, 0.48 % of the nominal transfer flow, leak rate. The project has been managed jointly by KRI and KUPIT IT Group involving technology developed by Atmos International (Atmos). The Atmos Wave Flow® solution includes four different leak and theft detection technologies to assure optimal, redundant, pipeline monitoring: it combines the reliability and accuracy of the mass balance (flow) method with the sensitivity, speed, and accuracy of "negative pressure wave" techniques to achieve the highest sensitivity, location accuracy, minimum response time, and low false alarm rate. The control room operator has been provided with a simple GUI to monitor the pipeline pressure/flow status which raises alarms on leak detection while playing a continuous sound until acknowledgment. The system detected and located two real theft attempts in September and October 2017, during the observation and tuning phase of the project. Following the system alarms, Atmos theft detection engineers analysed the data offline to improve the theft location accuracy to within 300m for each theft event. The theft events occurred during both static (shut-in) and dynamic conditions.
Modeling the antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteria responsible for Urinary Tract Infections in Benin: another way to Control or survey Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: DOUGNON VICTORIEN , ASSOGBA Phénix , GNIMATIN Jean-Pierre , AGBANKPE Jerrold , KOUDOKPON Hornel , DEGUENON Esther , FABIYI Kafayath , Consortium Global Taskforce for AMR Control , FAGLA Sèdami Romarique MEDEGAN , LOKO Yêyinou Laura Estelle , KOUKOUI Omédine , DJOGBENOU Luc , DOUGNON Jacques , BANKOLE Honoré , BABA-MOUSSA Lamine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Infectious diseases are serious public health issue both in developing countries and industrialized countries. In developing countries, they are the main cause of high mortality rates. In the second group, existing resistance to antibiotics is developing growing at an alarming rate. The purpose of this study was to produce data of national interest to implement sustainable control of antimicrobial resistance as well as it spreads. Methods: One hundred ninety (190) urine samples were collected in several hospitals in Benin from patients suspected of having a urinary tract infection. After getting the inform consent from patients, samples collections were performed under aseptic conditions and were further subjected to bacteriological tests in the laboratory. The resistance profile of the bacterial strains identified was then established. The search for betalactamase production was performed by the synergy test between amoxicillin + clavulanic acid and cephalosporins. Mathematical modeling of the resistance of the strains identified by 2024 was finally carried out using compartmental deterministic models. Results: Two hundred thirty (230) strains were identified from urine samples. Male individuals were the most affected by urinary tract infections. Individuals in the 21-30 age groups were predominant. Escherichia coli was the most isolated bacterial species (32.43%) in this study followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.85%) and Enterobacter cloaceae (25.92%). The susceptibility testing of isolates bacteria to antibiotics showed a strong resistance of strains to amoxicillin (91.82%). The lowest resistance obtained was observed with imipenem (2%). The betalactamase was produced by 24.03% of the strains identified. Escherichia coli (32.43%) was indeed the most productive of betalactamase followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.03%). Mathematical modeling revealed a rampant rise in the resistance of bacteria to the antibiotics tested. Conclusions: These results provide important data for public health. They deserve constructive advocacy so that more specific actions are taken in relation to antimicrobial resistance.
Societal engagement in adolescence and future connection to education and employment in early adulthood – A follow-up-study
Authors: Just-Noerregaard Vivi , Andersen Johan Hviid , Nohr Ellen Aagaard , Vestergaard Jesper Medom , Winding Trine Nohr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Attainment to education and employment is essential for young people to develop the skills needed to participate in society and maintain a stable connection to the labour market in adult life. This study examined associations between societal engagement, measured by leisure time activities (LTA) and part-time work (PTW), in mid (14/15 years) and late (17/18 years) adolescence and a positive connection to education and employment in early adulthood, accounting for potential gender and socioeconomic differences. Method: A cohort of young people born in 1989 was followed in a prospective study with questionnaires in 2004 (n=3,054) and 2007 (n=2,400) where information on LTA and PTW was collected. Information on connection to education and employment was collected from a register of social benefits when they were 25-29 years old and divided into high and low societal connection. The associations were examined using logistic regression and stratified by gender and childhood socioeconomic groups. Results: PTW was, both in mid and late adolescence, positively associated with societal connection (OR: 1.7 [95% CI 1.3; 2.2] and 1.9 [1.4;2.6]). LTA in mid adolescence was associated with societal connection (OR:1.6 [1.2;2.1]). Among the males LTA and PTW showed strongest associations with societal connection in mid adolescence (ORs up to 2.2), whereas the associations for females seemed strongest in late adolescence (ORs up to 2.8). Conclusion: The study showed that adolescent societal engagement had notable positive associations with connection to later education and employment, with stronger impact of PTW compared to LTA. The study identified differences between genders and the timing of engagement. Associations were consistent across socioeconomic groups.