bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women Experience the Same Ergogenic Response to Caffeine as Men
Authors: SKINNER TINA L. , DESBROW BEN , ARAPOVA JULIA , SCHAUMBERG MIA A. , OSBORNE JOHN , GRANT GARY D. , ANOOPKUMAR-DUKIE SHAILENDRA , LEVERITT MICHAEL D. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to determine whether 1) consumption of caffeine improves endurance cycling performance in women and 2) sex differences exist in the magnitude of the ergogenic and plasma responses to caffeine supplementation.

Methods
Twenty-seven (11 women and 16 men) endurance-trained cyclists and triathletes participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants completed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion, two familiarization trials, and two performance trials. Ninety minutes before the performance trials, participants ingested opaque capsules containing either 3 mg·kg−1 body mass of anhydrous caffeine or a placebo. They then completed a set amount of work (75% of peak sustainable power output) in the fastest possible time. Plasma was sampled at baseline, preexercise, and postexercise for caffeine. Strict standardization and verification of diet, hydration, training volume and intensity, and contraceptive hormone phase (for women) were implemented.

Results
Performance time was significantly improved after caffeine administration in women (placebo: 3863 ± 419 s, caffeine: 3757 ± 312 s; P = 0.03) and men (placebo: 3903 ± 341 s, caffeine: 3734 ± 287 s; P < 0.001). The magnitude of performance improvement was similar for women (mean = 4.3%, 95% CI = 0.4%–8.2%) and men (4.6%, 2.3%–6.8%). Plasma caffeine concentrations were similar between sexes before exercise, but significantly greater in women after exercise (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Ingestion of 3 mg·kg−1 body mass of caffeine enhanced endurance exercise performance in women. The magnitude of the performance enhancement observed in women was similar to that of men, despite significantly greater plasma caffeine concentrations after exercise in women. These results suggest that the current recommendations for caffeine intake (i.e., 3–6 mg·kg−1 caffeine before exercise to enhance endurance performance), which are derived almost exclusively from studies on men, may also be applicable to women.
Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk among Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: KANG AUGUSTINE W. , GARBER CAROL EWING , EATON CHARLES B. , RISICA PATRICIA M. , BOSTOM ANDREW G. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Research examining the relationship between physical activity (PA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is limited. Accordingly, we sought to 1) describe the levels of PA in KTR and 2) analyze the associations between PA levels and CVD risk factors in KTR.

Methods
Baseline data from KTR participants in a large multiethnic, multicenter trial (the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation) were examined. PA was categorized in tertiles (low, moderate, and high) derived from a modified PA summary score from the Yale Physical Activity Survey. CVD risk factors were examined across levels of PA by ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis rank test, and hierarchical multiple regression.

Results
The 4034 participants were 37% female (mean ± SD = 51.9 ± 9.4 yr of age, 75% White, 97% with stage 2T–4T chronic kidney disease, and 20% with prevalent CVD. Participants in the “high” PA tertile reported more vigorous PA and walking, compared with participants in moderate and low tertiles (both P < 0.001). No differences were observed in daily household, occupational, or sedentary activities across PA tertiles. More participants in the “low” PA tertile were overweight/obese, had a history of prevalent diabetes, and/or had CVD compared with more active participants (all P < 0.001). Hierarchical modeling revealed that younger age (P = 0.002), cadaveric donor source (P = 0.006), shorter transplant vintage (P = 0.025), lower pulse pressure (P < 0.001), and no history of diabetes (P < 0.001) were associated with higher PA scores.

Conclusion
The most active KTR engaged in more intentional exercise. Lower levels of PA were positively associated with more CVD risk factors. Higher PA levels were associated with younger age and with more positive KTR outcomes.
Physiological Responses to Exercise in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: BOVARD JOSHUA M. , DE SOUZA ASTRID M. , HARRIS KEVIN C. , HUMAN DEREK G. , HOSKING MARTIN C. K. , POTTS JAMES E. , ARMSTRONG KATHRYN , SANDOR GEORGE G. S. , COTE ANITA T. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Pediatric heart transplant (HTx) recipients have reduced exercise capacity typically two-thirds of predicted values, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. We sought to assess the cardiorespiratory responses to progressive exercise in HTx relative to controls matched for age, sex, body size, and work rate.

Methods
Fourteen HTx recipients and matched controls underwent exercise stress echocardiography on a semisupine cycle ergometer. Hemodynamics, left ventricular (LV) dimensions, and volumes were obtained and indexed to body surface area. Oxygen consumption (V˙O2) was measured, and arteriovenous oxygen difference was estimated using the Fick Principle.

Results
At rest, LV mass index (P = 0.03) and volumes (P < 0.001) were significantly smaller in HTx, whereas wall thickness (P < 0.01) and LV mass-to-volume ratio (P = 0.01) were greater. Differences in LV dimensions and stroke volume persisted throughout exercise, but the pattern of response was similar between groups as HR increased. As exercise progressed, heart rate and cardiac index increased to a lesser extent in HTx. Despite this, V˙O2 was similar (P = 0.82) at equivalent work rates as HTx had a greater change in arteriovenous oxygen difference (P < 0.01).

Conclusions
When matched for work rate, HTx had similar metabolic responses to controls despite having smaller LV chambers and an attenuated increase in hemodynamic responses. These findings suggest that HTx may increase peripheral O2 extraction as a compensatory mechanism in response to reduced cardiovascular function.
Similar Isokinetic Strength Preinjury and at Return to Sport after Hamstring Injury
Authors: VAN DYK NICOL , WANGENSTEEN ARNLAUG , VERMEULEN ROBIN , WHITELEY ROD , BAHR ROALD , TOL JOHANNES L. , WITVROUW ERIK 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Side-to-side strength differences are often used in return to sport (RTS) decision making after hamstring injury. In football (soccer), there is little consensus, and a side-to-side difference of <10% is often suggested as a criterion. To date, no study has determined whether differences exist when comparing the strength of the injured limb at RTS with the preinjury level.

Purpose
The aims of this study were to compare the isokinetic strength at RTS with preinjury strength in the injured limb and to investigate the side-to-side differences at RTS.

Methods
This study was based on a pooled group of patients participating in two single-site randomized controlled trials. All eligible professional male soccer players who suffered a hamstring injury confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging were included. The isokinetic strength of the injured limb at RTS was compared with preinjury screening tests, and the side-to-side difference was determined at both time points.

Results
In total, 41 hamstring injuries were included in the analyses. Side-to-side differences in isokinetic strength at RTS were similar to preinjury levels. At RTS, the average strength of the injured limb was >95% compared with preinjury strength. Overall, 63.4% of the players had a >10% negative strength difference (i.e., the injured limb being weaker), and 57.9% of the players had a >10% positive strength difference (i.e., the injured limb being stronger) in at least one of the five isokinetic variables.

Conclusion
The distribution of isokinetic strength differences when comparing strength at RTS with preinjury measures was similar, urging clinical caution when interpreting these results. Small changes in the isokinetic strength of the injured limb at RTS compared with preinjury strength suggest that isokinetic cutoff values are not useful to guide the restoration of strength as a criterion for RTS after hamstring injury.
Que família é esta? Mosaico de diferenças, contradições, discriminações |What family is this? Mosaic of differences, contradictions, discriminations
Authors: Bertelli Edilane , Moser Liliane 
Published: January 2019

As análises desenvolvidas sobre família nas ciências humanas e sociais no Brasil revelam o quanto se trata de um tema sujeito a determinismos e generalizações, os quais se tornam obstáculos à investigação científica e à intervenção profissional. A diversidade de questões na reflexão acerca da família na sociedade brasileira, concomitantemente às diferenças culturais, mostram contradições, desigualdades e discriminações sociais, conforme as relações sociais de classe, de gênero e étnico-raciais. Neste artigo, a partir de revisão bibliográfica do ponto de vista histórico, objetiva-se problematizar concepções naturalizadas e universalizantes quando se trata “da” família brasileira. Inicialmente, situa-se a concepção pretérita de família patriarcal, bem como as incongruências da generalização da família nuclear moderna para o contexto brasileiro. Em seguida, apontam-se tendências sociodemográficas às sociedades ocidentais e os rumos da família, concluindo que é de fundamental importância desnaturalizar concepções de família e pensá-la como fenômeno histórico e produto de determinadas circunstâncias econômicas, políticas, sociais e culturais, na medida em que seu entendimento impacta na formulação de políticas sociais e nas intervenções de profissionais de diferentes áreas. Palavras-Chave: família; família patriarcal; família nuclear; gênero. Abstract – The analyzes carried out on family in the human and social sciences in Brazil reveal how much this theme is subject to determinism and generalization, which become obstacles to scientific research and professional intervention. The diversity of questions in the reflections about family in Brazilian society, along with cultural differences, show contradictions, inequalities, and social discrimination, according to class, gender, and ethnic-racial relations. This article, based on a bibliographical revision of a historical perspective, aims to problematize naturalized and universalized traces when it comes to “the” Brazilian family. Initially, the past conception of a patriarchal family is presented, as well as the incongruities of the generalization of modern nuclear family in relation to the Brazilian context. Afterwards, sociodemographic tendencies are pointed out to Western societies and the ways family is developing. It is concluded that to denaturalize conceptions of family is of fundamental importance, and also to rethink it as a historical phenomenon and product of certain economic, political, social, and cultural circumstances, in so far as its understanding impacts the formulation of social policies and the interventions of professionals from different areas.Keywords: family; patriarchal family; nuclear family; gender.
Ética e direitos humanos no trabalho de assistentes sociais na Saúde | Ethics and human rights in the work of social workers in healthcare
Authors: Ramos Sâmya Rodrigues , Sousa Aione Maria Costa , Vasconcelos Iana , Souza Larissa Jéssica Ferreira de 
Published: January 2019

O Conselho Federal de Serviço Social (CFESS) vem, nas últimas décadas, construindo iniciativas para fomentar o debate ético-profissional e dos direitos humanos em diversas frentes de intervenção. Desta forma, o presente artigo analisa as repercussões da ação política do CFESS no campo da ética e dos direitos humanos no cotidiano de trabalho de assistentes sociais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste sentido, o artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada com profissionais de Mossoró (RN), concluída em 2017. Constatamos que as ações promovidas pelo CFESS têm uma significativa repercussão e vêm ganhando materialidade no cotidiano de trabalho dos assistentes sociais, reforçando o posicionamento ético-político defendido pelo Serviço Social brasileiro nas últimas quatro décadas.Palavras-Chave: ética; direitos humanos; Serviço Social; saúde. Abstract – In the last decades, the Federal Council of Social Work (CFESS) has been implementing initiatives to promote ethical-professional and Human Rights debate on several fronts. In this sense, this article analyzes the impact of CFESS’s political action concerning ethics and Human Rights in the daily work of social workers of the Unified Health System (SUS). The article is the result of a survey carried out with professionals from Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte concluded in 2017. We find that the actions promoted by CFESS have a significant repercussion and are gaining materiality in the daily work of social workers, reinforcing the political-ethic positioning advocated by Brazilian social work over the last four decades.Keywords: ethics; human rights; social work; healthcare.
The prevention of infection
Authors: Alamanda V. K. , Springer B. D. 
Published: January 2019

Aims Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a serious complication that is associated with high morbidity and costs. The aim of this study was to prepare a systematic review to examine patient-related and perioperative risk factors that can be modified in an attempt to reduce the rate of PJI. Materials and Methods A search of PubMed and MEDLINE was conducted for articles published between January 1990 and February 2018 with a combination of search terms to identify studies that dealt with modifiable risk factors for reducing the rate of PJI. An evidence-based review was performed on 12 specific risk factors: glycaemic control, obesity, malnutrition, smoking, vitamin D levels, preoperative Staphylococcus aureus screening, the management of anti-rheumatic medication, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, presurgical skin preparation, the operating room environment, irrigant options, and anticoagulation. Results Poor glycaemic control, obesity, malnutrition, and smoking are all associated with increased rates of PJI. Vitamin D replacement has been shown in preliminary animal studies to decrease rates of PJI. Preoperative Staphylococcus aureus screening and appropriate treatment results in decreased rates of PJI. Perioperative variables, such as timely and appropriate dosage of prophylactic antibiotics, skin preparation with chlorohexidine-based solution, and irrigation with dilute betadine at the conclusion of the operation, have all been associated with reduced rates of PJI. Similarly, aggressive anticoagulation and increased operating room traffic should be avoided to help minimize risk of PJI. Conclusion PJI remains a serious complication of arthroplasty. Surgeons should be vigilant of the modifiable risk factors that can be addressed in an attempt to reduce the risk of PJI.
Indications for a single-stage exchange arthroplasty for chronic prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Thakrar R. R. , Horriat S. , Kayani B. , Haddad F. S. 
Published: January 2019

Aims Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) of the hip and knee are associated with significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden. We undertook a systematic review of the current literature with the aim of proposing criteria for the selection of patients for a single-stage exchange arthroplasty in the management of a PJI. Material and Methods A comprehensive review of the current literature was performed using the OVID-MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases and the search terms: infection and knee arthroplasty OR knee revision OR hip arthroplasty OR hip revision, and one stage OR single stage OR direct exchange. All studies involving fewer than ten patients and follow-up of less than two years in the study group were excluded as also were systematic reviews, surgical techniques, and expert opinions. Results The initial search revealed 875 potential articles of which 22 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 16 case series and six comparative studies; five were prospective and 14 were retrospective. The studies included 962 patients who underwent single stage revision arthroplasty of an infected hip or knee joint. The rate of recurrent infection ranged from 0% to 18%, at a minimum of two years’ follow-up. The rate was lower in patients who were selected on the basis of factors relating to the patient and the local soft-tissue and bony conditions. Conclusion We conclude that single-stage revision is an acceptable form of surgical treatment for the management of a PJI in selected patients. The indications for this approach include the absence of severe immunocompromise and significant soft-tissue or bony compromise and concurrent acute sepsis. We suggest that a two-stage approach should be used in patients with multidrug resistant or atypical organisms such as fungus.
Assuring the long-term total joint arthroplasty
Authors: Kayani B. , Konan S. , Thakrar R. R. , Huq S. S. , Haddad F. S. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to compare accuracy in restoring the native centre of hip rotation in patients undergoing conventional manual total hip arthroplasty (THA) versus robotic-arm assisted THA. Secondary objectives were to determine differences between these treatment techniques for THA in achieving the planned combined offset, component inclination, component version, and leg-length correction.Materials and MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 50 patients undergoing conventional manual THA and 25 patients receiving robotic-arm assisted THA. Patients undergoing conventional manual THA and robotic-arm assisted THA were well matched for age (mean age, 69.4 years (sd 5.2) vs 67.5 years (sd 5.8) (p = 0.25); body mass index (27.4 kg/m2(sd 2.1) vs 26.9 kg/m2(sd 2.2); p = 0.39); and laterality of surgery (right = 28, left = 22 vs right = 12, left = 13; p = 0.78). All operative procedures were undertaken by a single surgeon using the posterior approach. Two independent blinded observers recorded all radiological outcomes of interest using plain radiographs.ResultsThe correlation coefficient was 0.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88 to 0.95) for intraobserver agreement and 0.88 (95% CI 0.82 to 0.94) for interobserver agreement in all study outcomes. Robotic THA was associated with improved accuracy in restoring the native horizontal (p < 0.001) and vertical (p < 0.001) centres of rotation, and improved preservation of the patient’s native combined offset (p < 0.001) compared with conventional THA. Robotic THA improved accuracy in positioning of the acetabular component within the combined safe zones of inclination and anteversion described by Lewinnek et al (p = 0.02) and Callanan et al (p = 0.01) compared with conventional THA. There was no difference between the two treatment groups in achieving the planned leg-length correction (p = 0.10).ConclusionRobotic-arm assisted THA was associated with improved accuracy in restoring the native centre of rotation, better preservation of the combined offset, and more precise acetabular component positioning within the safe zones of inclination and anteversion compared with conventional manual THA.
Hexagonal Nested Loop Fractal Antenna for Quad Band Wireless Applications
Authors: Mark Robert , Mishra Nipun , Mandal Kaushik , Sarkar Partha Pratim , Das Soma 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A compact hexagonal nested loop fractal antenna with L shaped slot on the ground plane is presented for multiband applications. In this paper, the effect of fractal iterations and position of L-slot on ground plane are optimized for better performance of the antenna. Multiple hexagon loops excite multiple resonant modes at 1.7, 2.4, 3.1, 4.5 and 6 GHz and an L-shaped slot on the ground plane helps to achieve wide bandwidth response with better impedance matching in the 4.25–6.41 GHz frequency band. An equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna is modelled and the same is verified using ADS. Reflection coefficient and radiation pattern are presented to further confirm the performance of the proposed design for wireless applications. The proposed antenna is fabricated on a low-cost FR4 substrate of dimensions 40×32×1.6 mm3 and measured results show good agreement with simulation results.
Evaluation of aquifer hydraulic characteristics using geoelectrical sounding, pumping and laboratory tests: A case study of Lokoja and Patti Formations, Southern Bida Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Ige Olusegun Omoniyi , Obasaju Daniel Opemipo , Baiyegunhi Christopher , Ogunsanwo Olufemi , Baiyegunhi Temitope Love 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe hydraulic characteristics of aquifers in Lokoja and Patti Formations were investigated using combination of vertical electrical sounding (VES), pumping and laboratory tests. A total of 20 VES (10 each in areas underlain by Lokoja and Patti Formations) were carried out at different locations with 5 pumping tests around VES stations in order to determine the geoelectric layers, thickness, depths to water table and groundwater potential of the area. 21 samples extracted fromaquiferous units of surface outcrops were also subjected to laboratory constant head and falling head permeameter tests in order to determine hydraulic conductivity (K) values using the Darcy’s law of liquid flow. The results of VES for areas underlain by Lokoja and Patti Formations revealed 4-5 geo-electrical layers. The depths to water table vary from 5.91-40.8 m. Thickness values are within the range of 7.37-27.3 m for aquiferous units of Lokoja Formation, and 10.8-20.1 m for the Patti Formation. The results of aquifer characteristics using Dar-Zarrouk Parameter gave hydraulic conductivity (K) values between 1.92-91.7 m/day and 2.15-31.8 m/day for aquifers of Lokoja and Patti Formations respectively. Transmissivity (T) values of the aquiferous units of Lokoja Formation fall within 24.97-2117 m2/day, while those of Patti Formation vary from 27.9-456.91 m2/day. There is a strong correlation between the values of measured and calculated hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity between measured and calculated transmissivity for the five wells (R2 = 0.99 and 0.92, respectively). Based on the results obtained and interpretations proffered, aquiferous units in both formations are capable of yielding optimum groundwater for private consumption and partly to small communities, and to some extent can supply water for great regional use. It is suggested that similar study should be carried out in other sedimentary basins where to aid regional planning and management of groundwater resource.
Limit Support Pressure of Tunnel Face in Multi-Layer Soils Below River Considering Water Pressure
Authors: Liu Weiping , Hu Lina , Yang Yongxuan , Fu Mingfu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a method to determine the limit support pressure of tunnel face in multi-layer soils below river considering the water pressure. The proposed method is based on the 3D Terzaghi earth pressure theory and the wedge theory considering the water pressure. The limit support pressures are investigated using the limit equilibrium method and compared to those calculated using a numerical method, such as FLAC3D. Four cases focusing different combinations of three layers are analyzed. The results obtained by the numerical method agree well with the predictions of the proposed limit equilibrium method. The limit support pressure obtained using the limit equilibrium method is greater than that obtained by the numerical method. The limit equilibrium method is safe and conservative in obtaining the limit support pressure. The proposed limit equilibrium method is expected to be easily adaptable and to enhance the reliability of tunnel design and construction in multi-layer soils below river.