bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
تقدير حجم التعرية والترسيب في حوض والدي بيداوة باستخدام نموذج (GCD) دراسة في الجيومورفولوجيا التطبيقية
Authors: دلوفان رمضان اسماعيل د. , شمال احمد امين د. 
Published: November 2024

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تقدير حجم التعرية والترسيب في حوض بيداوة، باستخدام نموذج (geomorphic change detection- GCD). في بيئة نظم المعلومات الجغرافية وهو نموذج جيوماتكي لقياس حجم التعرية والترسيب مكانيا، ويعتمد النموذج على مدتين مختلفتين لاستخراج النتائج اعتمادا على نموذج الارتفاع الرقمي. وتم الاعتماد على مدتين في هذه الدارسة وهي (2002، 2022) بفاصل زمني 21 عاما.
وتبعا لذلك بينت الدراسة وفق مخرجات النموذج (GCD) بأن حجم التعرية بلغ (1134743م3) على مساحة تصل الى (43443.59م2)، فيما تصل المساحة التي تعرضت الى الترسيب (53644.83م2). بحجم تصل الى (821397م3). وتبعا للنتائج السابقة بأن (53.01%) من مساحة الحوض تعرضت الى التعرية خلال مدة الدراسة، بينما وصل مساحة المنطقة التي تعرضت الى عملية الترسيب الى (41.79%) من المساحة الكلية للحوض. اما نسبة (9.8%) من مساحة الحوض فلم تتعرض الى العمليتين وفق نتائج النموذج.
Assessment of natural background radiation levels in Ranipokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal, following the 2015 earthquake and during reconstruction
Authors: Adhikari Hari , Chalise Roshan , Kalakhety Himali , Khanal Raju 
Published: November 2024

Natural background radiation is present in the environment and its level can vary depending on the location, occurring radioactive elements in soil, water, and air. The measurement of natural background radiation in Ranipokhari, a historic pond in Kathmandu, is important as it is currently undergoing reconstruction after the 2015 earthquake. We used a Professional Digital Geiger Counter (GCA 07W) to measure the radiation dose at 50 different locations, 31 of which were on the outer corner of the pond and 19 were inside the pond. The minimum and maximum radiation exposure levels were found to be 49.80 μR/h and 147.48 μR/h, respectively, with an overall average exposure rate of (108.06 ± 3.47) μR/h. We observed that the count and exposure rates were higher on sunny days compared to rainy days. Hypothesis testing suggested that the average background exposure rate in Ranipokhari is higher than the world average external background radiation levels reported by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). Our study provides crucial information on the natural background radiation levels in Ranipokhari, which can assist in the safe reconstruction of this historic pond after the earthquake.
Editors’ Report and Commentary on Volume 18
Authors: Haywood-Sullivan Betsy , Lee Lorraine S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The AIS Educator Journal (AISEJ) is an online, peer-reviewed journal sponsored by the AIS Educator Association. AISEJ has published more than 70 peer-reviewed scholarly articles dedicated to teaching accounting information systems and related content in 18 annual volumes since 2006. We describe AISEJ’s operating activities during Volume 18’s 2022–2023 fiscal year and provide brief commentary on the papers included.
Determination of the Age of Gel Pen Inks on Handwritten Documents using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics
Authors: Gupta Vinayak , Singh Gurpreet , Saini Komal 
Published: November 2024

Background: The accurate determination of age of ink used in the documents related to forensic cases is often submitted to forensic document examiners. Determining the age of ink refers to assessing the most probable time when the ink was used to write on paper. It may become tedious due to the great variety of writing inks available in the market and due to the complexity of chemical processes that occur over time after the deposition of the ink onto the paper. Limited work is available concerning non-ballpoint pen inks. Thus, the study addressed the determination of the age of the writings made using gel pens of 4 different colour inks by studying their volatile components by employing GC-MS. The effects of the storage conditions and different substrates (paper) on the ageing of ink were also assessed.
Results: More than 70% drop in the peak area was observed initially, which increased with time and the fall was more or less stable up to 60 days, after which the peaks disappeared. Slight effect of the type of substrate and storage condition was observed. The results were backed with Karl Pearson’s correlation method suggesting comparability between the samples stored in closed and open storage conditions.
Conclusion: GC-MS is suitable for studying the solvent components of gel pen inks for the determination of age of ink. The methodology used in this study provided reliable results for writings stored for up to 75 days.
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Vacunación infantil:
Authors: Armas-Cruz Merci Abigail , Oblitas-Guerrero Susan Mirian 
Published: November 2024

El presente análisis científico se enfoca en cómo las percepciones de los padres respecto a los programas de vacunación infantil y las campañas informativas afectan su nivel de conocimiento, actitudes y fuentes de información sobre las vacunas. La inmunización ha demostrado ser una herramienta crucial en la prevención de enfermedades, no solo a nivel individual, sino también para la protección comunitaria. Basándonos en la investigación de De la Cruz y Gonzales, exploraremos el grado de conocimiento sobre la inmunización y el cumplimiento del calendario de vacunación en madres con hijos menores de dos años, resaltando su impacto directo en la salud pública. Este tema resulta esencial para promover prácticas responsables y garantizar la salud de las futuras generaciones.
Minute Concentrations of Imidacloprid Pesticide under Short Term Experimental Conditions to Oreochromis niloticus (Gift Tilapia) Significantly Alters Physiological and Histogical Parameters
Authors: Munawar Noshaba , Ashraf Muhammad Ahsan , Umar Ali , . Muaz , Latif Muhammad , Ullah Hayat , Khan Muhammad Saleem , Iqbal Rashid , Sarfraz Maliha 
Published: November 2024

Imidacloprid is the most extensively used insecticide against agricultural insect pests in recent times; unfortunately, their excessive use has some detrimental effect to non-target organism such as fish and ultimately humans. In this research work Oreochromis niloticus (Gift Tilapia) was exposed to very low sublethal concentration of imidacloprid for 2,4, 8 and 16-days experimental conditions. Exposure of 6.5mm/L a low dose of imidacloprid can also have the ability to elicit some serious impairment in metabolism, morphological, Hematological, physiological, structural, biochemical and abnormal behavioral responses. Hematological changes lead to alteration in the normal hematological profile with a significant reduction in the level of erythrocytes, Hemoglobin, mean cell Hemoglobin concentration, leucocytes, Packed cell volume value and platelets moreover increase in Mean cell Volume (MCV) and MCH in experimental group. Biochemical analysis showed the increase in serum aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and hypercholesterolemia. The findings suggested that the prolonged exposure of very low dose of imidacloprid also have the potential to alter the histology of liver and heart, and blood serum biochemical parameters by exerting some serious metabolic distress to fish.
Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Microorganisms from Fresh Fruit Juices
Authors: Shaheen Amna , Kausar Faiza , Afzal Wajiha , Azam Bisma , Zafar Lubna 
Published: November 2024

Fruit juices have antioxidant properties. Sugar, minerals, phenolic, and vitamins are the main components of fresh fruit juices. However, when fresh juices are processed and harvested into vended forms for sale, hygienic procedures are neglected. Due to unhygienic conditions, foodborne illnesses occur among people. The present study aimed to isolate, identify, and evaluate the microbiological quality of the different fruit juices produced from the local streets and canteens of Faisalabad. A total of 120 fresh fruit samples were analyzed for the presence of bacterial pathogens. The highest percentage of bacteria in juices was Escherichia coli (23.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.7%), Klebsiella spp. (13.6%), Salmonella spp. (8%), Proteus spp. (8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.4%) and Shigella spp. (13.1%). The highest bacterial count was observed in sugar cane juice (5.75 ± 1.50 log CFU/mL) and the lowest in lemon juice (4.09 ± 3.54 log CFU/mL). The contamination is mainly due to unhygienic conditions as well as poor quality of water used for dilution related to washing of utensils, domestic hygiene, peeling of fruits much earlier before processing, poor personal and contaminated water, and ice, in shops located in crowded places. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria cause serious bacterial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli were resistant to piperacilin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, and tobramycin. There should be regular monitoring of street vended fresh juices to check the quality of juices regularly. This would help to avoid any future pathogenic infection. These findings demonstrated that the fresh juice sample’s quality was unsatisfactory and inappropriate to consume. Consequently, these findings will help local consumers become more knowledgeable in addition to the researchers. It is recommended that street juice vendors adopt proper hygiene protocols and get appropriate training on food safety, sanitation, and microbial quality.
Role of albumin and prealbumin in assessing nutritional status and predicting increased risk of infectious complications during childhood cancer treatment
Authors: Milaniuk Anna , Drabko Katarzyna , Chojęta Agnieszka 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionProper nutrition in patients with cancer is important for preventing treatment complications and achieving remission. Malnutrition in these patients leads to reduced production of essential structural proteins.PurposeThe aim of the study was to assess the role of albumin and prealbumin in assessing the nutritional status of cancer patients and in predicting an increased risk of infectious complications during treatment.Patients and MethodsThe study included 40 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed cancer and 30 healthy children serving as controls. Prealbumin, albumin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the upper arm muscle area (UAMA) were measured before and after treatment in children with cancer and compared with the control group to evaluate nutritional status. Additionally, we assessed associations between these parameters and the incidence of infectious complications during cancer treatment in patients with anthropometric malnutrition, as well as associations with an increased risk of malnutrition related to inflammation before treatment.ResultsAt baseline, patients with cancer had lower prealbumin and albumin levels (p&lt; 0.001), higher CRP levels (p &lt; 0.001), and lower UAMA percentiles (p = 0.0245) compared with controls. Cancer treatment resulted in an increase in prealbumin and albumin levels (p &lt; 0.001) and a reduction in CRP levels (p &lt; 0.001), with no change in UAMA (p = 1.000). Prealbumin deficiency was more common than albumin deficiency before and after cancer treatment. Median prealbumin and albumin levels tended to increase with an increasing UAMA percentile range, but these differences were not significant (p&gt; 0.05). The incidence of infectious complications during treatment in patients with risk factors for inflammation-related malnutrition was similar to that in patients with pre-existing anthropometric malnutrition without inflammation (p = 1.000). In a univariable logistic regression model including prealbumin and albumin deficiency, as well as low UAMA percentile, albumin deficiency before treatment was shown to be a significant predictor of 3 or more infectious episodes during treatment (p = 0.02).ConclusionAlbumin and prealbumin deficiency may predict the risk of malnutrition associated with inflammation in patients with cancer. Hypoalbuminemia may predict an unfavorable course of treatment complicated by frequent infections in these patients.
Urban expansion and agricultural land loss: a GIS-Based analysis and policy implications in Hawassa city, Ethiopia
Authors: Molla Mikias Biazen , Gelebo Gezehagn , Girma Gezehagn 
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the historical and future trends of urban expansion and its subsequent impact on agricultural land-use in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. A time-series of remote-sensing imageries from Landsat Thematic Mapper for the years 1984, 1990, 2000, and 2010 and Operational Land Imager for 2021 were used to extract the LULC information from the study area. Seven major land-cover classes’ waterbody, built-up, agricultural land, wetland, grassland, woody vegetation, and agroforestry were identified with visual image interpretation along with supervised image classification techniques using the maximum-likelihood algorithm for the study years. The urban and agricultural lands were then extracted from the original LULC data to quantify the extent, rates, and number of area conversion between the two. The Land Change Modeler module of TerrSet software was used to predict the spatial extents of built-up and agricultural lands in 2030 and 2050. The results showed that there have been significant changes between the LULC types in Hawassa city within the past 37 years, from which built-up and agricultural land have shown the most prevalent changes. It showed that built-up land has increased from 584.73 ha in 1,984–3,939.03 ha in 2021, representing a 573.65% increase at an annual growth rate of 15.50%. However, agricultural land decreased from 8,324.64 ha to 3,595.68 ha in the respective years, with a 56.81% decrease at a rate of −1.54% each year. A total of 3,148.74 ha (37.82%) of agricultural land was converted into built-up land within the past 37 years (85.10 ha per year, a rate of 1.02%. The built-up land is projected to increase to 5,009.85 ha and 6,794.73 ha from 2021 to 2030 and 2050, with annual growth rates of 3.02% and 2.50%, respectively. In the same years, agricultural land will decrease to 2,849.58 ha and 2033.46 ha by 2.31% and 1.50% annually, respectively, from which 64.76 ha (1.80%) and 48.41 ha (1.35%) will be converted into built-up land, respectively. Future planning and development in the city should consider the rapid increase in built-up land toward agricultural land areas and develop appropriate adaptation mechanisms for the local community, which is highly dependent on agriculture.
Placental mesenchymal stem cells suppress inflammation and promote M2-like macrophage polarization through the IL-10/STAT3/NLRP3 axis in acute lung injury
Authors: Nie Zhihao , Fan Qinglu , Jiang Wanli , Wei Shujian , Luo Renwei , Hu Haifeng , Liu Gaoli , Lei Yufei , Xie Songping 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAcute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically severe respiratory disorder that currently lacks specific and effective pharmacotherapy. The imbalance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization is pivotal in the initiation and progression of ALI. Shifting macrophage polarization from the proinflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype could be a potential therapeutic strategy. The intratracheal administration of placental mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) has emerged as a novel and effective treatment for ALI. This study aimed to investigate the role and downstream mechanisms of pMSCs in reprogramming macrophage polarization to exert anti-inflammatory effects in ALI.MethodsThe study used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation in both cell and rat models of ALI. Intratracheal administration of pMSCs was tested as a therapeutic intervention. An expression dataset for MSCs cultured with LPS-treated macrophages was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to predict downstream regulatory mechanisms. Experimental validation was conducted through in vitro and in vivo assays to assess pMSCs effects on macrophage polarization and inflammation.ResultsBoth in vitro and in vivo experiments validated that pMSCs promoted M2 macrophage polarization and reduced the release of inflammatory factors. Further analyses revealed that pMSCs activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling pathway by secreting interleukin (IL)-10, leading to increased STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. This activation inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, promoting M2 macrophage polarization and suppressing the inflammatory response.ConclusionThe study concluded that pMSCs alleviated lung injury in an LPS-induced ALI model by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and proinflammatory factor secretion, while promoting M2 macrophage polarization. This effect was mediated via the IL-10/STAT3/NLRP3 axis, presenting a novel therapeutic pathway for ALI treatment.
Shared genetic architecture between COVID-19 and irritable bowel syndrome: a large-scale genome-wide cross-trait analysis
Authors: Liu Xianqiang , Li Dingchang , Gao Wenxing , Liu Hao , Chen Peng , Zhao Yingjie , Zhao Wen , Dong Guanglong 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundIt has been reported that COVID-19 patients have an increased risk of developing IBS; however, the underlying genetic mechanisms of these associations remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate potential shared SNPs, genes, proteins, and biological pathways between COVID-19 and IBS by assessing pairwise genetic correlations and cross-trait genetic analysis.Materials and methodsWe assessed the genetic correlation between three COVID-19 phenotypes and IBS using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and high-definition likelihood (HDL) methods. Two different sources of IBS data were combined using METAL, and the Multi-trait analysis of GWAS (MTAG) method was applied for multi-trait analysis to enhance statistical robustness and discover new genetic associations. Independent risk loci were examined using genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA)-conditional and joint analysis (COJO), multi-marker analysis of genomic annotation (MAGMA), and functional mapping and annotation (FUMA), integrating various QTL information and methods to further identify risk genes and proteins. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was employed to compute pleiotropic gene scores, and combined with immune infiltration algorithms, IBS patients were categorized into high and low immune infiltration groups.ResultsWe found a positive genetic correlation between COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and IBS. Subsequent multi-trait analysis identified nine significantly associated genomic loci. Among these, eight genetic variants were closely related to the comorbidity of IBS and COVID-19. The study also highlighted four genes and 231 proteins associated with the susceptibility to IBS identified through various analytical strategies and a stratification approach for IBS risk populations.ConclusionsOur study reveals a shared genetic architecture between these two diseases, providing new insights into potential biological mechanisms and laying the groundwork for more effective interventions.
Comparison of the smiley face rod method versus intervertebral fusion for the treatment of L5 spondylolysis in adults
Authors: Dong Qi-Yuan , Yang Xue-Fei , Wu Hai-Long , Shi Yan , Yu Li-Min , Huang Yong-Can , Yu Bin-Sheng 
Published: November 2024

PurposeFor patients who suffered from L5 spondylolysis and fail to improve using conservative treatment, the best surgical strategy remains controversial. This study compares the efficacy of the treatment of L5 spondylolysis using the smiley face rod (SFR) method versus intervertebral fusion (IF).MethodsWe analyzed 38 patients with L5 spondylolysis who underwent surgery in our department between January 2017 and June 2019. Of these, 32 patients were included in our study: 14 patients in the SFR group and 18 patients in the IF group. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage time, length of stay and postoperative complications were compared. The pain visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) were evaluated before operation and at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. The changes in range of motion (ROM) in L4/5 and L5/S1 in these two groups before and after surgery were measured through imaging examinations and the bone graft fusion rate was assessed according to the Brown standard.ResultsThe operation time of the SFR group was much shorter than that of the IF group (98.8 ± 8.3 vs. 113.8 ± 8.6 min, P &lt; 0.05), and the blood loss of the SFR group was significantly lower than that of the IF group (90.0 ± 43.9 vs. 175.0 ± 81.2 ml, P &lt; 0.05). Length of stay in the SFR group was less than that of the IF group (9.5 ± 2.5 vs. 12.6 ± 3.2 d, P &lt; 0.05). No difference was found in the VAS and ODI scores between the two groups at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. In the IF group, the ROM in L4/5 showed an obvious increase after surgery compared to that before surgery, and it was much bigger than that of the SFR group (P &lt; 0.05). A notable reduction of ROM was seen in L5/S1 in the IF group compared to the SFR group (P &lt; 0.05). The fusion rate of the isthmus in the SFR group was 79% at 3 months and 86% at 6 months after surgery. In the IF group, one patient suffered from adjacent segment degeneration (ASD), which caused compression symptoms in the lower extremity, and one patient suffered from an internal fixation fracture; these complications were not seen in the SFR group.ConclusionThe SFR and IF both improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients with L5 spondylolysis. However, the SFR technique had the advantages of a shorter operation time and less blood loss than IF; it could also preserve the ROM of the surgical segment and had little influence on adjacent segments in short-term follow-ups.