bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Specific Computer Simulation of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Morphology
Authors: Dowling Cameron , Bavo Alessandra M. , El Faquir Nahid , Mortier Peter , de Jaegere Peter , De Backer Ole , Sondergaard Lars , Ruile Philipp , Mylotte Darren , McConkey Hannah , Rajani Ronak , Laborde Jean-Claude , Brecker Stephen J. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
A patient-specific computer simulation of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in tricuspid aortic valve has been developed, which can predict paravalvular regurgitation and conduction disturbance. We wished to validate a patient-specific computer simulation of TAVR in bicuspid aortic valve and to determine whether patient-specific transcatheter heart valve (THV) sizing and positioning might improve clinical outcomes.

Methods:
A retrospective study was performed on TAVR in bicuspid aortic valve patients that had both pre- and postprocedural computed tomography imaging. Preprocedural computed tomography imaging was used to create finite element models of the aortic root. Finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics was performed. The simulation output was compared with postprocedural computed tomography imaging, cineangiography, echocardiography, and electrocardiograms. For each patient, multiple simulations were performed, to identify an optimal THV size and position for the patient’s specific anatomic characteristics.

Results:
A total of 37 patients were included in the study. The simulations accurately predicted the THV frame deformation (minimum-diameter intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.84; maximum-diameter intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.88; perimeter intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.91; area intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.91), more than mild paravalvular regurgitation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.86) and major conduction abnormalities (new left bundle branch block or high-degree atrioventricular block; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.88). When compared with the implanted THV size and implant depth, optimal patient-specific THV sizing and positioning reduced simulation-predicted paravalvular regurgitation and markers of conduction disturbance.

Conclusions:
Patient-specific computer simulation of TAVR in bicuspid aortic valve may predict the development of important clinical outcomes, such as paravalvular regurgitation and conduction abnormalities. Patient-specific THV sizing and positioning may improve clinical outcomes of TAVR in bicuspid aortic valve.
Reverse Remodeling of the Mitral Valve Complex After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nishino Shun , Watanabe Nozomi , Ashikaga Keiichi , Morihisa Kenji , Kuriyama Nehiro , Asada Yujiro , Shibata Yoshisato 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Mitral regurgitation is frequently complicated with atrial fibrillation without apparent organic changes in the leaflet, which occasionally improves after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation. We aimed to evaluate a possible geometric effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation on the mitral valve apparatus.

Methods:
Forty-three consecutive patients who underwent successful catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (maintaining sinus rhythm for 6 months after their procedure) were examined by serial real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography before and 6 months after catheter ablation. Mitral valve complex geometry was measured using dedicated software for 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.

Results:

Mitral valve apparatus showed significant reverse remodeling along with left atrial reverse remodeling 6 months after successful catheter ablation (50.5 [39.2–61.0] versus 36.4 [28.9–43.1] mL/m
2
;
P
<0.001). The degree of mitral regurgitation decreased in a majority of patients (mitral regurgitation jet area; 1.83 [0.78–3.09] versus 0.77 [0.36–1.47] cm
2
;
P
<0.001). Annular area significantly decreased (5.32±0.91 versus 4.73±0.76 cm
2
/m
2
;
P
<0.001) in both anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions. Mitral annular contraction significantly recovered after maintaining sinus rhythm for 6 months (7.51 [4.82–9.62]% versus 9.71 [6.27–13.85]%;
P
=0.008). There were no significant changes in tenting volume or tenting height (0.46 [0.27–0.89] versus 0.51 [0.32–0.72] mL/m
2
,
P
=0.744; 2.34 [1.75–3.48] versus 2.76 [1.99–3.08] mm/m
2
,
P
=0.717). The leaflet surface area also significantly decreased after catheter ablation (5.74 [5.01–6.33] versus 5.19 [4.63–5.64] cm
2
/m
2
;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
Maintaining sinus rhythm after successful catheter ablation promotes reverse remodeling in the mitral valve apparatus and improves so-called atrial functional mitral regurgitation. The positive geometric effect of catheter ablation would be expected to be a possible contributor to better outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation, in addition to the postprocedural freedom from rhythm disturbance.
Desiccation tolerance of two freshwater crabs of the Amazon: Dilocarcinus pagei and Sylviocarcinus pictus (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae)
Authors: da Silva Eudivâne F. , Sant’Anna Bruno S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the resistance to desiccation of two species of freshwater crabs, Dilocarcinus pagei and Sylviocarcinus pictus. Dilocarcinus pagei survived almost twice as long as S. pictus, 127 ± 82.4 h and 69 ± 17.5 h, respectively. The females of both species survived longer than the males and the females of D. pagei survived longer than the females of S. pictus. Water loss until death was on average 30.12 ± 11.79% for D. pagei and 42.59 ± 7.49% for S. pictus. Dilocarcinus pagei showed a lower water loss than S. pictus until death and large S. pictus females and small D. pagei females exhibited a higher water loss, with differences between species and sex. The results reveal how these two species of crabs behave in extreme droughts in the Amazon floodplain. The females of both species were more resistant, although females of D. pagei were more resistant to desiccation than females of S. pictus, showing a higher degree of terrestriality.
Programming Men and Machines. Changing Organisation in the Artillery Computations at Aberdeen Proving Ground (1916-1946)
Authors: Bullynck Maarten 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
After the First World War mathematics and the organisation of ballistic computations at Aberdeen Proving Ground changed considerably. This was the basis for the development of a number of computing aids that were constructed and used during the years 1920 to 1950. This article looks how the computational organisation forms and changes the instruments of calculation. After the differential analyzer relay-based machines were built by Bell Labs and, finally, the ENIAC, one of the first electronic computers, was built, to satisfy the need for computational power in ballistics during the second World War.
De l’analyseur différentiel à l’ordinateur : le parcours de Douglas R. Hartree (1897-1958)
Authors: Durand-Richard Marie-José 
Published: October 2019

Résumé
Bien qu’il soit très peu pris en compte par l’histoire des ordinateurs, l’analyseur différentiel a été une machine mathématique essentielle – à la fois aux États-Unis et en Angleterre, puis dans d’autres pays européens – pour la résolution numérique des équations différentielles, avant et pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale. Douglas R. Hartree (1897-1958), initialement physicien de l’atome, est directement concerné par les nouvelles possibilités qu’offrent cet analyseur, ainsi que des machines comme l’ENIAC à Philadelphie et l’EDSAC à Cambridge après la guerre. Toute sa carrière est consacrée à leur mise en pratique et à l’élaboration de méthodes mathématiques qui permettent d’en explorer toutes les potentialités, débouchant sur une nouvelle discipline, l’analyse numérique.
Machines analogiques et mathématiques des systèmes dynamiques. Le groupe de « Dynamique théorique » de Théodore Vogel à Marseille (France), 1948-1964
Authors: Petitgirard Loïc 
Published: October 2019

Résumé
Cet article présente l’analyse d’une expérience de construction de savoirs mathématiques en rapports avec les machines, dans les années 1950 et 1960, à une époque où le calcul analogique cohabitait avec le calcul digital (c’est-à-dire le futur « ordinateur », terme introduit dans la langue française pour désigner principalement les « digital computers »). Les mathématiques en jeu relèvent des théories des systèmes dynamiques, c’est-à-dire des outils mathématiques construits pour comprendre la dynamique de différents types de systèmes, qu’ils soient mathématiques, physiques, biologiques, mécaniques, etc. L’objet du présent article est à la fois un groupe de chercheurs, leurs pratiques de « mathématiques pour l’ingénieur », leurs efforts pour construire des calculateurs analogiques (mécanique ou électronique) pour étudier la dynamique, le programme baptisé « Dynamique théorique » qu’ils se sont fixés, et l’épistémologie des mathématiques sous-tendant leur pratique.
<p><strong><em>Sabal lougheediana </em>(Arecaceae), a critically endangered, endemic palm species from Bonaire</strong></p>
Authors: GRIFFITH M. PATRICK , COOLEN QUIRIJN , BARROS MICHELLE , NOBLICK LARRY R. 
Published: October 2019

A new palm species, Sabal lougheediana, is described and illustrated. This critically endangered island endemic, native solely to Bonaire, is characterized by a compact crown of leaves, erect leaf segments, distinctive leaf scars, and frequently vascularized fiber bundles in leaflet transection. Detail on history, morphology, range, habitat, and conservation status is presented, along with a diagnostic key.
A new species of the mesopelagic isopod genus Xenuraega Tattersall, 1909 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Aegidae) from Japan, the second species in the genus
Authors: SHIMOMURA MICHITAKA , BRUCE NIEL L. 
Published: October 2019

Xenuraega bythionekta sp. nov., is described from a single specimen taken off southern Japan. It is the second species of Xenuraega Tattersall, 1909, and extends the known range of the genus from North Atlantic to the northern Pacific Ocean. The species is characterized by the posteriorly narrowed pleotelson, and both uropodal rami being elongate and provided with a mass of long plumose setae. Xenuraega bythionekta sp. nov. is known only from the type locality, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan at a depth of 1178–1179 m.
Current and future test reference years at a 5 km resolution
Authors: Liu C , Chung W , Cecinati F , Natarajan S , Coley D 
Published: October 2019

Frequently, the computer modelling of the natural and human-made environment requires localised weather files. Traditionally, the weather files are based on the observed weather at a small number of locations (14 for the UK). Unfortunately, both the climate and the weather are known to be highly variable across the landscape, so the small number of locations has the potential to cause large errors. With respect to buildings, this results in incorrect estimates of the annual energy use (sometimes by a factor of 2), or of overheating risk. Here we use a validated weather generator running on a 5 × 5 km grid to create probabilistic test reference years (pTRYs) for the UK at 11,326 locations. We then investigate the spatial variability of these pTRYs and of annual energy estimates and temperatures in buildings generated by them, both now and in 2080. Further pTRYs targeted at understanding the impact of minimum and maximum temperatures are proposed and produced at the same locations. Finally, we place these pTRYs, which represent the first set of reference weather files at this spatial resolution in the world and that include the urban heat island effect, into a publicly accessible database so researchers and industry can access them. Practical applications: Insufficiently localised weather data for building simulations have limited the accuracy of previous estimations of energy use and overheating risk in buildings. This work produces localised probabilistic test reference years (pTRYs) across the whole UK for now and future climates. In addition, a new pTRY method has been proposed in order to overcome an unexpected shortcoming of traditional pTRYs in representing typical maximum and minimum temperatures. These current and future weather data will be of interest to various disciplines including those interested in low carbon design, renewable energy and climate resilience.
Implementation and dissemination of an African American popular opinion model to improve lupus awareness: an academic–community partnership
Authors: Phillip C R , Mancera-Cuevas K , Leatherwood C , Chmiel J S , Erickson D L , Freeman E , Granville G , Dollear M , Walker K , McNeil R , Correia C , Canessa P , Ramsey-Goldman R , Feldman C H 
Published: October 2019

Objective Lupus is a chronic, autoimmune disease that disproportionately affects African Americans. We adapted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Popular Opinion Leader model to implement an intervention tailored for African American individuals that leverages an academic-community partnership and community-based social networks to disseminate culturally appropriate lupus education. Methods Academic rheumatologists, social scientists, and researchers in Boston, MA and Chicago, IL partnered with local lupus support groups, community organizations, and churches in neighborhoods with higher proportions of African Americans to develop curriculum and recruit community leaders with and without lupus (Popular Opinion Leaders; POLs). POLs attended four training sessions focused on lupus education, strategies to educate others, and a review of research methods. POLs disseminated information through their social networks and recorded their impact, which was mapped using a geographic information system framework. Results We trained 18 POLs in greater Boston and 19 in greater Chicago: 97% were African American, 97% were female; and the mean age was 57 years. Fifty-nine percent of Boston POLs and 68% of Chicago POLs had lupus. POLs at both sites engaged members of their social networks and communities in conversations about lupus, health disparities, and the importance of care. Boston POLs documented 97 encounters with 547 community members reached. Chicago POLs documented 124 encounters with 4083 community members reached. Conclusions An adapted, community-based POL model can be used to disseminate lupus education and increase awareness in African American communities. Further research is needed to determine the degree to which this may begin to reduce disparities in access to care and outcomes.
Relationship of Postoperative Achilles Tendon Elongation With Plantarflexion Strength Following Surgical Repair
Authors: Hürmeydan Önder Murat , Demirel Mehmet , Valiyev Natig , Sahinkaya Turker , Kılıçoğlu Önder İsmet 
Published: October 2019

Background: Little data exist regarding the adverse effects of Achilles tendon (AT) elongation after rupture repair on plantarflexion strength. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AT elongation measured using AT resting angle (ATRA) on the plantarflexion strength in patients with surgically treated acute AT rupture. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 40 patients (15 female and 25 female) who underwent open operative repair due to an acute AT rupture. At the final follow-up, AT elongation was assessed using ATRA. Plantarflexion strength (peak torques and angle-specific torques) was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. All variables were obtained from the operated and unoperated contralateral ankles of the patients. Results: The mean ATRA was greater in the operated ankles (mean, 57 degrees; range, 39-71 degrees) compared with the unoperated ones (mean, 52 degrees; range, 36-66 degrees; P = .009). Except the plantarflexion torque at 20 degrees of plantarflexion ( P = .246), all the other angle-specific torques were lower in the operated ankles ( P < .05). Peak flexion torque at 30 degrees/s was lower in the operated ankle ( P = .002). A negative correlation was found between operated/unoperated (O/N) ATRA and O/N plantarflexion torque ratios at 0 degrees ( r = −0.404; P = .01), 10 degrees ( r = −0.399; P= .011), and 20 degrees ( r = −0.387; P = .014). Conclusion: Postoperative AT elongation measured using ATRA may have a deleterious effect on the plantarflexion strength in patients with surgically treated acute AT rupture. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
National trends in hospital admission, case fatality, and sex differences in atrial fibrillation-related strokes
Authors: Jewett Gordon AE , Lindsay M Patrice , Goia Cristina , Zagorski Brandon , Kamal Noreen , Kapral Moira K , Demchuk Andrew M , Hill Michael D , Yu Amy YX 
Published: October 2019

Background and aim Atrial fibrillation is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke and its global prevalence is increasing. We aimed to describe the contemporary temporal trends in hospital admissions, case fatality rate, as well as sex differences in atrial fibrillation-related stroke in Canada. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Canadian national administrative data to identify admissions to hospital for stroke with comorbid atrial fibrillation between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2016. We determined temporal trends in the crude and the age- and sex-standardized admission and case fatality rates. We also evaluated for any sex differences in these outcomes. Results There were 222,100 admissions to hospital for ischemic (n = 182,990) or hemorrhagic (n = 39,110) stroke. Comorbid atrial fibrillation was present in 20.2% of admissions for ischemic strokes and 10.1% for hemorrhagic strokes. Over the study period, the age–sex adjusted proportion of admissions with atrial fibrillation increased from 16.3% to 20.5% (p = 0.02) for ischemic stroke and was stable for hemorrhagic stroke. In-hospital case fatality rate decreased for ischemic stroke with and without comorbid atrial fibrillation. Women aged 65 years and older with ischemic stroke were more likely to have comorbid atrial fibrillation compared to men, while this association was reversed in younger women. There were no sex differences in the case fatality rate for people with atrial fibrillation-related ischemic stroke. Conclusion Atrial fibrillation is present in an increasing proportion of people hospitalized in Canada with ischemic stroke and disproportionately affects older women. Renewed focus is needed on atrial fibrillation-related stroke prevention with particular attention to sex disparities.
Counterfactual Inflation Targeting in Nepal
Authors: Suzuki Tomoya 
Published: October 2019

The Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) pegs the Nepalese rupee to the Indian rupee, meaning that the NRB effectively transfers control over the country’s monetary policy to India. It is therefore argued that Indian inflation causes Nepalese inflation. This study investigates whether the NRB should have instead floated the Nepalese rupee and targeted inflation. For this purpose, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model under a fixed exchange rate regime is estimated using Nepalese data during the 1993–2016 period. The estimated model is used for simulations under counterfactual scenarios for which the NRB floated the Nepalese rupee and followed a rule to target inflation during the study period. Findings show that inflation targeting would have significantly increased the welfare cost associated with business cycles to risk-averse household, owing to interest-rate volatility. The volatilities of consumption and labour services would have become larger. JEL Classification: E31, E32, E52, F41, F45
Injury Rate in TackleBar Football
Authors: Toninato Joseph , Healy Tim , Samadani Uzma , Christianson Eric 
Published: October 2019

Background: As football comes under greater scrutiny because of concussions and other injuries, many people are searching for safer alternatives, especially for youth athletes. The injury rate in TackleBar football, one such alternative, is not currently known. Purpose: To describe TackleBar football and calculate its injury rate over a single season to compare it with both traditional tackle and flag football. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: TackleBar football was described, and injuries of male athletes (age range, 9-14 years) participating in TackleBar football were tracked over the course of a season (August 5 through October 27, 2018) and compared with published injury rates for traditional tackle and flag football. Results: The overall injury rate of TackleBar football was found to be 0.31 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), which is lower than youth tackle (2.25-2.60/1000 AEs) and flag (5.77/1000 AEs) football. Conclusion: TackleBar football may represent a reasonable alternative to tackle and flag football with regard to injuries.
Involvement of CGRP receptor RAMP1 in cluster headache: A Swedish case-control study
Authors: Michalska Julia M , Ran Caroline , Fourier Carmen , Steinberg Anna , Sjöstrand Christina , Waldenlind Elisabet , Belin Andrea Carmine 
Published: October 2019

Background: Increased levels of the potent vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been found in ipsilateral jugular vein blood during the active phase of cluster headache (CH) and this is hypothesized to cause distinctive vasodilation. The receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) is part of the CGRP receptor complex responsible for ligand binding and specificity and therefore constitutes a promising candidate gene for CH. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible genetic association of RAMP1 with CH in Sweden, with focus on two RAMP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs3754701 and rs7590387, and quantify RAMP1 mRNA expression levels in biological tissue from CH patients and controls. Methods: rs3754701 and rs7590387 were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 542 CH patients and 585 control subjects. RAMP1 mRNA expression was determined by reverse transcription qPCR in tissue from 12 CH patients and 12 controls. Results: We identified a significant difference between the CH patient and control groups for rs3754701 ( p = 0.0088). In addition, RAMP1 mRNA expression was enhanced in primary fibroblasts from CH patients compared to controls ( p = 0.0073). Conclusion: The association between rs3754701 and CH and the enhanced RAMP1 mRNA expression in CH patients support the hypothesis that CGRP and its receptor component RAMP1 are involved in CH pathophysiology.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF STILBAMIDINE UPON MYELOMA CELLS
Authors: SNAPPER I. , SCHNEID B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Injections of stilbamidine cause morphological changes in myeloma cells. During this treatment large basophilic granules appear in the cytoplasm which show a tendency to become confluent. These granules stain red with pyronine and can be visualized in the supravital stain with neutral red. One of the main constituents of these inclusions consists of ribose nucleic acid.
These morphological changes seem to be limited to myeloma cells, since in none of the other bone marrow elements do comparable granules or inclusions develop.