bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Describing the Evidence Base for Accreditation in Undergraduate Medical Education Internationally: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tackett Sean , Zhang Christiana , Nassery Najlla , Caufield-Noll Christine , van Zanten Marta 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
To summarize the state of evidence related to undergraduate medical education (UME) accreditation internationally, describe from whom and where the evidence has come, and identify opportunities for further investigation.

Method
The authors searched Embase, ERIC, PubMed, and Scopus from inception through January 31, 2018, without language restrictions, to identify peer-reviewed articles on UME accreditation. Articles were classified as scholarship if all Glassick’s criteria were met and as nonscholarship if not all were met. Author, accrediting agency, and study characteristics were analyzed.

Results
Database searching identified 1,379 nonduplicate citations, resulting in 203 unique, accessible articles for full-text review. Of these and with articles from hand searching added, 36 articles were classified as scholarship (30 as research) and 85 as nonscholarship. Of the 36 scholarship and 85 nonscholarship articles, respectively, 21 (58%) and 44 (52%) had an author from the United States or Canada, 8 (22%) and 11 (13%) had an author from a low- or middle-income country, and 16 (44%) and 43 (51%) had an author affiliated with a regulatory authority. Agencies from high-income countries were featured most often (scholarship: 28/60 [47%]; nonscholarship: 70/101 [69%]). Six (17%) scholarship articles reported receiving funding. All 30 research studies were cross-sectional or retrospective, 12 (40%) reported only analysis of accreditation documents, and 5 (17%) attempted to link accreditation with educational outcomes.

Conclusions
Limited evidence exists to support current UME accreditation practices or guide accreditation system creation or enhancement. More research is required to optimize UME accreditation systems’ value for students, programs, and society.
Evolution of the Surgical Technique for “Breast in a Day” Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: Transitioning from Dual-Plane to Prepectoral Implant Placement
Authors: Antony Anuja K. , Poirier Jennifer , Madrigrano Andrea , Kopkash Katherine A. , Robinson Emilie C. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Direct-to-implant breast reconstruction offers the intuitive advantages of shortening the reconstructive process and reducing costs. In the authors’ practice, direct-to-implant breast reconstruction has evolved from dual-plane to prepectoral implant placement. The authors sought to understand postoperative complications and aesthetic outcomes and identify differences in the dual-plane and prepectoral direct-to-implant subcohorts.

Methods:
A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted from November of 2014 to March of 2018. Postoperative complication data, reoperation, and aesthetic outcomes were reviewed. Aesthetic outcomes were evaluated by a blinded panel of practitioners using standardized photographs.

Results:
One hundred thirty-four direct-to-implant reconstructions were performed in 81 women: 42.5 percent were dual-plane (n = 57) and 57.5 percent were prepectoral (n = 77). Statistical analysis was limited to patients with at least 1 year of follow-up. Total complications were low overall (8 percent), although the incidence of prepectoral complications [n = 1 (2 percent)] was lower than the incidence of dual-plane complications [n = 7 (12 percent)], with the difference approaching statistical significance (p = 0.07). Panel evaluation for aesthetic outcomes favored prepectoral reconstruction. Pectoralis animation deformity was completely eliminated in the prepectoral cohort.

Conclusions:
The authors present the largest comparative direct-to-implant series using acellular dermal matrix to date. Transition to prepectoral direct-to-implant reconstruction has not resulted in increased complications, degradation of aesthetic results, or an increase in revision procedures. Prepectoral reconstruction is a viable reconstructive option with elimination of animation deformity and potential for enhanced aesthetic results.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Gender Imbalance at Academic Plastic Surgery Meetings
Authors: Santosa Katherine B. , Larson Ellen L. , Vannucci Bianca , Lapidus Jodi B. , Gast Katherine M. , Sears Erika D. , Waljee Jennifer F. , Suiter Amy M. , Sarli Cathy C. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Snyder-Warwick Alison K. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Participation in scientific meetings yields multiple benefits, yet participation opportunities may not be equally afforded to men and women. The authors’ primary goal was to evaluate the representation of men and women at five major academic plastic surgery meetings in 2017. Secondarily, the authors used bibliometric data to compare academic productivity between male and female physician invited speakers or moderators.

Methods:
The authors compiled information regarding male and female invited speakers from meeting programs. Bibliometric data (h-index, m-value) and metrics of academic productivity (numbers of career publications, publications in 2015 to 2016, career peer-reviewed publications, first and senior author publications) for invited speakers were extracted from Scopus and analyzed.

Results:
There were 282 academic physician invited speakers at the five 2017 meetings. Women constituted 14.5 percent. Univariate analysis showed no differences in h-index, m-value, or numbers of total career publications or first and last author publications at the assistant and associate professor ranks, but higher values for men at the professor level. A model of academic rank based on bibliometric and demographic variables showed male gender significantly associated with increased probability of holding a professor title, even when controlling for academic achievement markers (OR, 2.17; 95 percent CI, 1.61 to 2.92).

Conclusions:
Although the impact of women’s published work was no different than that of men among junior and midcareer faculty, women constitute a minority of invited speakers at academic plastic surgery meetings. Sponsorship is imperative for achieving gender balance within plastic surgery and to ultimately create more diverse and effective teams to improve patient care.
Evolution with complex selection and transmission
Authors: Rice Sean H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInheritance is the key factor making biological evolution possible. Despite this central role, transmission is often bundled into the simplifying assumptions of evolutionary models, making it difficult to see how changes in the patterns of transmission influence evolutionary dynamics. We present a mathematical formalism for studying phenotypic evolution, under any selection regime and with any transmission rules, that clearly delineates the roles played by transmission, selection, and interactions between the two.To illustrate the approach, we derive models in which heritability and and fitness are influenced by the same environmental factors – producing a covariation between selection and transmission. By itself, variation in heritability does not influence directional evolution. However, we show that any covariation between heritability and selection can have a sub-stantial effect on trait evolution. Moderate differences in heritability between environments can lead to organisms adapting much more to environments with higher heritability, and can pull a population off of an “adaptive peak”. When habitat preference is allowed to evolve as well, variation in heritability between environments can lead to organisms exclusively using the environment in which heritability is highest. This effect is most pronounced when initial habitat selection is weak.
A novel gammaproteobacterial methanotroph from Methylococccaeae; strain FWC3, isolated from canal sediment from Western India
Authors: Khatri Kumal , Pandit Pranitha S. , Mohite Jyoti , Bahulikar Rahul A. , Rahalkar Monali C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe isolated a gammaproteobacterial methanotrophic strain FWC3, from canal sediment from Western India. The strain oxidizes methane and can also grow on methanol. The draft genome of the same was sequenced which showed a size of ∼3.4 Mbp and 63% GC content. FWC3 is a coccoid, pale pink pigmented methanotroph and is seen in the form of diplococci, triplets, tetrads or small aggregates. After comparison of the complete 16S rRNA gene sequence, average amino-acid similarities and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values with that of the neighboring type species, we propose that the strain belongs to a novel genus and species, Ca. Methylolobus aquaticus FWC3Ts.
RepeatFiller newly identifies megabases of aligning repetitive sequences and improves annotations of conserved non-exonic elements
Authors: Osipova Ekaterina , Hecker Nikolai , Hiller Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransposons and other repetitive sequences make up a large part of complex genomes. Repetitive sequences can be co-opted into a variety of functions and thus provide a source for evolutionary novelty. However, comprehensively detecting ancestral repeats that align between species is difficult since considering all repeat-overlapping seeds in alignment methods that rely on the seed-and-extend heuristic results in prohibitively high runtimes. Here, we show that ignoring repeat-overlapping alignment seeds when aligning entire genomes misses numerous alignments between repetitive elements. We present a tool – RepeatFiller – that improves genome alignments by incorporating previously-undetected local alignments between repetitive sequences. By applying RepeatFiller to genome alignments between human and 20 other representative mammals, we uncover between 22 and 84 megabases of previously-undetected alignments that mostly overlap transposable elements. We further show that the increased alignment coverage improves the annotation of conserved non-exonic elements, both by discovering numerous novel transposon-derived elements that evolve under constraint and by removing thousands of elements that are not under constraint in placental mammals. In conclusion, RepeatFiller contributes to comprehensively aligning repetitive genomic regions, which facilitates studying transposon co-option and genome evolution.Source codehttps://github.com/hillerlab/GenomeAlignmentTools
A model for sustainable laser tattoo removal services for adult probationers
Authors: Ojeda Victoria D. , Romero Laura , Ortiz Arisa 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a sustainable free laser tattoo removal clinic for economically disadvantaged adult probationers.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper describes the partnerships, methods and challenges/lessons learned from the implementation of a free monthly laser tattoo removal program for adult probationers within a medical school setting in California.

Findings
Possible patients are identified via a collaboration with the county’s Probation Department. Founded in 2016, this monthly program has provided tattoo removal services to >37 adult patient probationers, many of whom receive follow-up treatments. Clients seek to remove about four blue/black ink tattoos. Since its inception, 23 dermatology residents have volunteered in the program. Challenges to patients’ ongoing participation primarily pertain to scheduling issues; strategies for overcoming barriers to participation are provided. No safety concerns have emerged.

Social implications
Programs such as this public-private partnership may benefit probationers by eliminating financial barriers associated with tattoo removal. This model supports the training of cohorts of dermatologists seeking community service opportunities related to laser medicine. Others seeking to implement a similar program may also consider expanding treatment days/times to facilitate access for working probationers, providing enrollment options for other health and social services (e.g. public insurance, food stamp programs) and hosting a mobile onsite clinic to address clients’ physical and mental health needs.

Originality/value
This paper describes a unique collaboration between law enforcement and a medical school and it may assist other jurisdictions in establishing free tattoo removal programs for the benefit of probationers. The methods described overcome challenges regarding the implementation of this specialized clinical service.
School educational policy in Egypt: societal assessment perspective
Authors: Zaki Ewiss M.A. , Abdelgawad Fatma , Elgendy Azza 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Educational policy is crucial to society. Its process is related to political, economic and cultural variables. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research in the field of applied social sciences, about how educational policies help to achieve societal objectives and welfare. This study aims to assess the concept and features of school education in Egypt during 1990-2017.

Design/methodology/approach
Secondary data were collected using governmental reports and educational institutional reports and assessed through specialized focus groups.

Findings
Results showed that, despite the multiplicity of strategies to reform the educational system, achievements and outcomes of educational processes are modest, and the developmental status of Egypt is lower than that of other countries. Studying educational outcomes indicated that school-education suffered from the predominance of quantity over quality and a serious inability to meet requirements of new knowledge era.

Originality/value
A novel future-oriented proposal for context, ethos and reforming aspects of educational policy will be suggested.
Culture and the multinational advertising agency: the rise and fall of Mojo-MDA, 1964-1991
Authors: Crawford Robert 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to trace the emergence, rise and eventual fall of Mojo-MDA. Established as a creative consultancy in 1975, Mojo embarked on an ambitious growth strategy that would see it emerge as Australia’s first multinational agency. By examining the agency’s trajectory over the 1970s and 1980s, this paper revisits the story of an Australian agency with boundless confidence to develop a more nuanced understanding of the dynamic role played by corporate culture in the agency's fortunes.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses reports and features published in the Australian advertising trade press, along with other first-hand accounts, including oral history interviews and personal correspondence with former agency staff.FindingsBy identifying the forces and influences affecting Mojo-MDA’s outlook and operations, this paper demonstrates the important yet paradoxical role that corporate culture plays in both building and undermining an agency’s ambitions and the need for marketing historians to pay closer attention to it.Originality/valueThis examination of an agency’s inner machinations over an extended period presents a unique perspective of the ways that advertising agencies operate, as well as the forces that drive and impede them, at both national and global levels. The Mojo-MDA story also illustrates the need for marketing and business historians to pay close attention to corporate culture and the different ways that it affects marketing business and practices.
Muslim Hoedowns, Tenuous Language and the Uncertain Lives of an Urban Majority
Authors: Simone AbdouMaliq 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDrawing upon diverse elements of Islamic thought, this essay examines the notions of gathering and footwork to think through the elaborations of a material sensibility embedded in the everyday navigations of contemporary urban life. From reflections on the surreptitious encounters of African Americans in various contexts of subjection, to zar practices in Amman and to popular orientations to megacomplex residencies in Jakarta, the essay attempts to address what it means to think and act collectively in urban contexts that fragment, track, evict and erase long‐relied‐upon forms of collaboration. How might we discover in the seeming contraction of urban sociality something else besides intensive individuation, and what kinds of vernaculars and rhythmic encounters, of bodies moving towards and away from each other, might turn the peripheral forms of the urban into sites of new generativity?
Synergistic effects of depression and obesity on type 2 diabetes incidence in Chinese adults
Authors: Ning Feng , Zhang Dong , Xue Bai , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jintai , Zhu Zhigang , Zhang Dongfeng , Gao Ruqin , Pang Zengchang , Qiao Qing ,   on behalf of the Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCross‐sectional studies have supported the association among depression, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, but the causality remains controversial in Chinese adults. In this longitudinal study, we evaluated the synergistic effect of depression and obesity on the risk of type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis study included 2809 participants randomly selected from the Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program, and their type 2 diabetes incidence was determined over a follow‐up period of 3 years. The WHO 2006 criteria and the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale score were employed to identify type 2 diabetes and depression at baseline, respectively. Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression was used to evaluate the synergistic effects of depression and obesity indicators on type 2 diabetes, with adjustment for age, sex, family history of diabetes, and other potential risk factors.ResultsDuring 3‐year follow‐up, 316 new incident cases were identified. The relative risk and 95% confidence interval of depression for diabetes incidence was 1.52 (1.05‐2.21), after controlling for potential confounders. Sensitivity analysis showed that depression was significantly associated with diabetes incidence in women, younger people, and obese people (1.82 [1.14‐2.92], 1.94 [1.25‐3.02], and 4.29 [1.44‐12.78], respectively]. The synergistic effects of positive depression and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 on type 2 diabetes incidence were observed, with a synergy index of 5.49 (1.75‐17.19).ConclusionsDepression was associated with a 52% increased risk of type 2 diabetes incidence and exerts synergistic effects with obesity on diabetes incidence in Chinese adults. Early identification and intervention for depression and obesity can reduce the risk of diabetes.
Myocardial injury and mortality in patients with excessive oxygen administration before cardiac arrest
Authors: Grønbek K. S. , Mørch S. S. , Pedersen N. E. , Petersen T. S. , Meyhoff C. S. 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionHyperoxia after cardiac arrest may be associated with higher mortality, and trials have found that excess oxygen administration in patients with myocardial infarction is associated with increased infarct size. The effect of hyperoxia before cardiac arrest is sparsely investigated. Our aim was to assess the association between excessive oxygen administration before cardiac arrest and the extent of subsequent myocardial injury.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study including patients who had in‐hospital cardiac arrest during 2014 in the Capital Region of Denmark. We excluded patients without peripheral oxygen saturation measurements within 48 hours before cardiac arrest. Patients were divided in three groups of pre‐arrest oxygen exposure, based on average peripheral oxygen saturation and supplemental oxygen. Primary outcome was peak troponin concentration within 30 days. Secondary outcomes included 30‐day mortality. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression and Wilcoxon rank sum test.ResultsOf 163 patients with cardiac arrest, 28 had excessive oxygen administration (17%), 105 had normal oxygen administration (64%) and 30 had insufficient oxygen administration (18%) before cardiac arrest. Peak troponin was median 224 ng/L in the excessive oxygen administration group vs 365 ng/L in the normal oxygen administration group (P = .54); 20 of 28 (71%) in the excessive oxygen administration group died within 30 days compared to 54 of 105 (51%) in the normal oxygen administration group. (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.56‐6.19)ConclusionsExcessive oxygen administration within 48 hours before in‐hospital cardiac arrest was not statistically associated with significantly higher peak troponin or mortality.
Differential response of seven duiker species to human activities in Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Diarrassouba Abdoulaye , Gnagbo Anthelme , Célestin Kouakou Yao , Campbell Geneviève , Tiedoué Manouhin Roland , Tondossama Adama , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Koné Inza 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAfrican rainforest is severely impacted by human activities, ranging from resource collection, selective logging to fragmentation and scale deforestation. Consequently, large mammal communities occurring therein are strongly modified. Here, we present a study conducted in Taï National Park (TNP), which characterises the spatial distribution and differential response of seven duiker species to human activities. Based on extensive survey data recorded between 2005 and 2015, we used a maximum entropy modelling approach for predicting duiker species distribution and a hierarchical clustering approach to identify potential subgroups in the duiker community. The seven duiker species clearly differed in their spatial distribution, with Cephalophus dorsalis and Philantomba maxwellii being the most common and widely distributed with no clear response towards gradients of impact from human activities. In contrast, Cephalophus ogilbyi, Cephalophus jentinki, Cephalophus sylvicultor and Cephalophus zebra showed increasing responses towards anthropogenic impact gradients, with the latter two being particularly sensitive. These duikers are not found in areas of illegal human activities. The restricted distribution of Cephalophus niger seems artificial and may indicate species misidentification. The strong spatial signature of human activities in the duiker community of TNP is of concern. Effective park management, including extensive ranger patrols, is vital for ensuring the persistence of this unique duiker community in West Africa.