bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanocatalyst Complex Can Dephosphorylate Key Proteins in MAPK Pathway for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Tang Rongbing , Jia Yuexiao , Zheng Wenshu , Feng Qiang , Zheng Wenfu , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractControlling phosphorylation processes of proteins is a facile way for manipulating cell fates. Herein, a synergistic therapeutic strategy utilizing a near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive nanocatalyst (NC) complex is presented, which is comprised of photoactive NC and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), to synergistically inhibit hyperphosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway for cancer therapy, as an example of many biological processes this approach can apply to. NIR‐triggered release of PP2A specially dephosphorylates and inactivates mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MAP2K, also known as MEK) and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) in the MAPK pathway, meanwhile, the NIR‐triggered activation of NC decreases the level of intracellular adenosine triphosphate to attenuate protein phosphorylation of MEK and ERK. The synergistic therapeutics effectively suppress melanoma progression by inhibiting hyperphosphorylation of the MAPK pathway. In addition, the nanocatalyst complex reduces the risk of drug‐resistance through inhibiting a rebound of RAS‐GTP. The NIR‐responsive nanocatalyst complex paves a novel way for cancer therapeutics.
Visible Light‐Induced C−H Bond Functionalization: A Critical Review
Authors: Revathi Lekkala , Ravindar Lekkala , Fang Wan‐Yin , Rakesh K. P. , Qin Hua‐Li 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn recent years, visible‐light‐induced C−H bond functionalization has become an emerging field at the forefront of organic chemistry. In a general sense, these approaches rely on the capability of metal complexes and organic dyes to convert visible light into chemical energy by engaging in single‐electron transfer with organic substrates, thus generating reactive intermediates. This review covers most of the strategies involving visible light‐induced benzylic and non‐benzylic alkylation, halogination, oxidation, vinylation, arylation, benzylation, acetylation, formylation, thiocyanation, xanthylation, azidation, amination, addition, and coupling reactions of sp2 and sp3 C−H bonds.magnified image
An Atropos Biphenyl Bisphosphine Ligand with 2,2′‐tert‐Butylmethylphosphino Groups for the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Enol Esters
Authors: Jia Jia , Fan Dongyang , Zhang Jian , Zhang Zhenfeng , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis is an update of our previous work concerning the development of Atropos biphenyl bisphosphine ligands. An unexpected Atropos structural property was confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction and this result is consistent with the computational calculations described in our previous work. This P‐stereogenic bisphosphine ligand possessing a biphenyl backbone and 2,2′‐tert‐butylmethylphosphino groups has been applied to the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enol esters, which has not been widely studied and can be used for the synthesis of several important bioactive compounds. Although there is room for further improvement in enantioselectivity, the results reported herein provide a further understanding of such types of ligands.magnified image
DeepScreen: An Accurate, Rapid, and Anti‐Interference Screening Approach for Nanoformulated Medication by Deep Learning
Authors: Zhu Yanjing , Huang Ruiqi , Zhu Rui , Xu Wei , Zhu Rongrong , Cheng Liming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccuracy of current efficacy judgment methods for nanoformulated drug remains unstable due to the interference of nanocarriers. Herein, DeepScreen, a drug screening system utilizing convolutional neural network based on flow cytomerty single‐cell images, is introduced. Compared to existing experimental approaches, the high‐throughput system has superior precision, rapidity, and anti‐interference, and is cost‐cutting with high accuracy. First, it can resist most disturbances from manual factors of complicated evaluation progress. In addition, class activation maps generated from DeepScreen indicate that it may identify and locate the tiny variation from cell apoptosis and slight changes of cellular period caused by drug or even nanoformulated drug action at very early stages. More importantly, the excellent performance of assessment on two types of nanoformulations and fluorescent drug proves the fine generality and anti‐interference of this novel system. All these privileged performances make DeepScreen a very smart and promising system for drug detection.
2‐Arylsilacyclobutane as a Latent Carbanion Reacting with CO2
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Okumura Shintaro , Kawasaki Tairin , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn electronically neutral 2‐arylsilacyclobutane generates a nucleophilic carbanion at room temperature through cleavage of the benzylic C−Si bond when simply dissolved in polar aprotic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). The nucleophilic species is capable of capturing carbon dioxide to furnish a silalactone. The carboxylation reaction is unique in that no additional activating agents are required.
Palladium/Rhodium Cooperative Catalysis for the Production of Aryl Aldehydes and Their Deuterated Analogues Using the Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Ibrahim Malek Y. S. , Denmark Scott E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA novel Pd/Rh dual‐metallic cooperative catalytic process has been developed to effect the reductive carbonylation of aryl halides in moderate to good yield. In this reaction, water is the hydride source, and CO serves both as the carbonyl source and the terminal reductant through the water–gas shift reaction. The catalytic generation of the Rh hydride allows for the selective formation of highly hindered aryl aldehydes that are inaccessible through previously reported reductive carbonylation protocols. Moreover, aldehydes with deuterated formyl groups can be efficiently and selectively synthesized using D2O as a cost‐effective deuterium source without the need for presynthesizing the aldehyde.
flowPloidy: An R package for genome size and ploidy assessment of flow cytometry data
Authors: Smith Tyler William , Kron Paul , Martin Sara L. 
Published: July 2018

Premise of the StudyDespite advantages in terms of reproducibility, histogram analysis based on nonlinear regression is rarely used in genome size assessments in plant biology. This is due in part to the lack of a freely available program to implement the procedure. We have developed such a program, the R package flowPloidy.Methods and ResultsflowPloidy builds on the existing statistical tools provided with the R environment. This base provides tools for importing flow cytometry data, fitting nonlinear regressions, and interactively visualizing data. flowPloidy adds tools for building flow cytometry models, fitting the models to histogram data, and producing visual and tabular summaries of the results.ConclusionsflowPloidy fills an important gap in the study of plant genome size. This package will enable plant scientists to apply a more powerful statistical technique for assessing genome size. flowPloidy improves on existing software options by providing a no‐cost workflow streamlined for genome size and ploidy determination.
How Do Patients With Newly Diagnosed Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Present? A Multicenter Cohort of Early Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to Inform the Development of New Classification Criteria
Authors: Mosca Marta , Costenbader Karen H. , Johnson Sindhu R. , Lorenzoni Valentina , Sebastiani Gian Domenico , Hoyer Bimba F. , Navarra Sandra , Bonfa Eloisa , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Medina‐Rosas Jorge , Piga Matteo , Tani Chiara , Tedeschi Sara K. , Dörner Thomas , Aringer Martin , Touma Zahi 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms that are also found in other conditions. This study aimed to evaluate manifestations at disease onset and to compare early SLE manifestations to those of diseases mimicking SLE.MethodsAcademic lupus centers in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America collected baseline data on patients who were referred to them during the previous 3 years for possible SLE and who had a symptom duration of <1 year. Clinical and serologic manifestations were compared between patients diagnosed as having SLE and those diagnosed as having SLE‐mimicking conditions. Diagnostic performance of the 1997 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) SLE classification criteria and the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) SLE classification criteria was tested.ResultsData were collected on 389 patients with early SLE and 227 patients with SLE‐mimicking conditions. Unexplained fever was more common in early SLE than in SLE‐mimicking conditions (34.5% versus 13.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). Features less common in early SLE included Raynaud's phenomenon (22.1% versus 48.5%; P < 0.001), sicca symptoms (4.4% versus 34.4%; P < 0.001), dysphagia (0.3% versus 6.2%; P < 0.001), and fatigue (28.3% versus 37.0%; P = 0.024). Anti–double‐stranded DNA, anti–β2‐glycoprotein I antibodies, positive Coombs’ test results, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, hypocomplementemia, and leukopenia were more common in early SLE than in SLE‐mimicking conditions. Symptoms detailed in the ACR and SLICC classification criteria were significantly more frequent among those with early SLE. Fewer patients with early SLE were not identified as having early SLE with use of the SLICC criteria compared to the ACR criteria (16.5% versus 33.9%), but the ACR criteria demonstrated higher specificity than the SLICC criteria (91.6% versus 82.4%).ConclusionIn this multicenter cohort, clinical manifestations that could help to distinguish early SLE from SLE‐mimicking conditions were identified. These findings may aid in earlier SLE diagnosis and provide information for ongoing initiatives to revise SLE classification criteria.
Recent Advances in the Design of Targeted Iridium(III) Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Huang Huaiyi , Banerjee Samya , Sadler Peter J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive treatment for certain types of cancer, bacterial, fungal and viral infections, and skin diseases. In recent years, adaptation of this treatment so as to achieve more specific targeted cancer therapy in particular has attracted significant attention. We focus herein on the design of novel iridium‐based photosensitizers (PSs) with tunable photophysical and photobiological properties as efficient PDT agents. We highlight the ability of some IrIII photosensitizers to target specific cellular components, including their activation by one‐ and two‐photon irradiation.
Semiconducting π‐Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Derivatives
Authors: Yamada Hiroko , Yamashita Masataka , Hayashi Hironobu , Suzuki Mitsuharu , Aratani Naoki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTetrathiafulvalene (TTF) has been one of the most studied compounds, since the discovery of electrical conductivity as a charge‐transfer complex in combination with tetracyano‐p‐quinodimethane (TCNQ) in 1973. In 2004, TTF was realized in a new light as an innate semiconductor material, as well as conductor and superconductor material. Because of the ready modification of its core skeleton and better solubility than that of acene compounds, many TTF derivatives have been reported to attain better charge‐carrier mobility for field‐effect transistor devices. Considering the high charge‐carrier mobility of acene and TTF derivatives, annulation of the acene and TTF moieties is expected to improve the charge‐carrier mobilities. This Minireview focuses on the syntheses, crystal structures, and electronic properties of state‐of‐the‐art π‐extended TTF derivatives, based on the history of the development of TTF derivatives. The relationship between the packing structure and charge‐carrier mobilities is also discussed.
Stereospecific C‐Glycosylation by Mizoroki–Heck Reaction: A Powerful and Easy‐to‐Set‐Up Synthetic Tool to Access α‐ and β‐Aryl‐C‐Glycosides
Authors: Mabit Thibaud , Siard Aymeric , Legros Frédéric , Guillarme Stéphane , Martel Arnaud , Lebreton Jacques , Carreaux François , Dujardin Gilles , Collet Sylvain 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA stereospecific Mizoroki–Heck cross‐coupling of differently substituted glycals with haloarenes resulting in the exclusive formation of either α‐ or β‐aryl‐C‐glycosides depending solely on the configuration at C3 was achieved. The reaction was easy to set up because no specific precautions were required concerning moisture or oxygen, and it proceeded by a chirality transfer from C3 to C1. After optimization of cross‐coupling conditions, various prepared glycals (7 examples) and arenes (10 examples) were tested, leading stereospecifically to the corresponding aryl‐C‐glycosides with a carbonyl group at C3, thus opening up new horizons for the total synthesis of glycosylated natural products.
2H‐Naphthopyran‐Based Three‐State Systems: From Solution Studies to Photoresponsive Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials
Authors: Vlajić Marina , Schmidt Johannes , Thomas Arne , Rück‐Braun Karola 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDensely packed self‐assembled monolayers with photoresponsive naphthopyrans attached to COOH headgroups on Si(111) were studied at the solid/inert‐gas interface. We demonstrate that 2H‐naphtho[1,2‐b]pyrans are suitable three‐state photochromic systems for solution and surface studies. Switching between three states on the surface was realized using UV light, thermal relaxation and visible light as trigger and release elements as analyzed by ATR‐FTIR. Compared to solution studies, surface polarity and environmental effects, especially steric hindrance, contribute to state formation by stabilization of photoisomers, acceleration and deceleration of photochemical processes, and slowed down of thermal fading.
A robust inverter‐based amplifier versus PVT for discrete‐time integrators
Authors: Baltolu Anthony , Albinet Xavier , Chalet Frederic , Dallet Dominique , Begueret Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWith the reduction of the supply voltage in modern complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor technologies, and by their intrinsic class AB behavior, inverter‐based amplifiers are suitable to replace classical operational transconductance amplifiers in switched capacitor circuits like sigma‐delta modulators. This paper presents a new inverter‐based amplifier which increases the reliability versus process, voltage, and temperature variations. A new biasing stage is proposed, which controls the bias current without losing the class AB behavior thanks to the use of biasing transistors operated in linear region and a slew rate enhancement circuit. This makes this amplifier more robust than simple inverters regarding to process, voltage, and temperature variations, reducing the worst‐case bias current spread from +140% to +20%, while costing only 15% consumption increase and keeping inverter dynamic strengths.
A design method of strong stability self‐tuning controller based on on‐demand type feedback control
Authors: Yanou Akira 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a design method of strong stability self‐tuning controller based on on‐demand type feedback control. For safety in industrial applications, although it is important to consider on‐demand type feedback control system, the previous papers about on‐demand type feedback control did not consider the influence of noise and fixed the design parameter to constant value. Therefore, this paper extends the design parameter of on‐demand type feedback control as stable rational function through the design method of strong stability system using coprime factorization. Moreover the self‐tuning controller of the proposed method is given and the control result with noise is shown by numerical example.
Electrochemical Proof of Fluorophilic Interaction among Fluoro‐Carbon Chains
Authors: Fang Cheng , Sobhani Zahra , Megharaj Mallavarapu , Naidu Ravi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe form self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of fluoro‐carbon chain (C−F_SAM) or hydro‐carbon chain (C−H_SAM) to compare their interaction with surfactants containing C−F chains (PFOA, PFOS) or C−H chains (linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, LAS). We observe that the interaction between the C−F_SAM and the C−F chain is much stronger than that between the C−H_SAM and the C−H/C−F chain, and also stronger than that between the C−F_SAM and the C−H chain. The reason is due to the unique fluorophilic interaction among the C−F chains, which is similar with and thus confirm the mechanism for F‐extraction. This unique interaction among the C−F chains might shine new light on the development of fluorosurfactant's sensor and remediation.
Minimizing the Diameter of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Nanofibers by Design of Experiments for Electrochemical Application
Authors: Yu Sooyoun , Myung Nosang V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn effective method to study and predict the complex mechanism of electrospinning is needed. A combination of design of experiments (DOEs) and finer tuning of the experimental parameters were used to investigate the effect of individual and interactions of solution, electrospinning, and environmental conditions on the dimensions and morphology of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers. Analyses on DOEs determined that solution viscosity, controlled by the concentration of polymer precursor, was the predominant factor in manipulating the PAN nanofiber diameter. Similarly, reduced surface tension controlled by the addition of surfactant contributed to smoother nanofibers. An appropriate applied voltage for stable formation of Taylor cone was established. DOE on environmental conditions revealed the absolute moisture content played a significant role in causing beads. A minimum polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based fiber diameter of 42±7 nm was achieved with solution containing 3.25 wt. % PAN, 0.1 wt. % BYK® surfactant in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). PAN nanofibers were subsequently stabilized then carbonized. BET analysis of the carbonized nanofibers showed the specific surface area increased as a function of nanofiber diameter, reaching 684 m2/g at 407 nm. Preliminary results from the electrochemical characterization of the carbon nanofibers showed the double‐layer capacitance increased with decreasing fiber diameter, showing suitable potential for electrode applications.
Job satisfaction among anesthetists in Ethiopia—a national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kibwana Sharon , Yigzaw Muluneh , Molla Yohannes , van Roosmalen Jos , Stekelenburg Jelle 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundEthiopia has substantially increased production of associate clinician anesthetists. This study aimed to determine the level of and factors that predict job satisfaction among a national sample of anesthetists.MethodsA cross‐sectional study conducted in 2014 sampled 252 anesthetists. Respondents rated 37 items related to job satisfaction and working and living conditions using a Likert scale, which ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine factors associated with the main outcome variable, level of job satisfaction. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to show the magnitude of associations.ResultsLess than half (n = 107, 42.5%) of anesthetists were satisfied with their job. Work environment (aOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.06, 3.31) and more than 10 years of experience working in the public health system (aOR = 4.96, 95% CI = 1.11, 22.13) were predictors of job satisfaction in the multivariable model.ConclusionEthiopian anesthetists have low levels of job satisfaction, with work environment and years of experience being factors that predict their satisfaction positively. Motivation and retention of this cadre will require emphasis on creating a safe and conducive work environment, and interventions designed to motivate junior anesthetists.
Deep ultraviolet initiated excited state dynamics of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide
Authors: Ghosh Sudeb , Puranik Mrinalini 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFlavins are cofactors in several light‐activated enzymes and therefore their excited states are found to involve in many photobiological processes. Excited state dynamics of flavin compounds corresponding to their first singlet state (S1) has been studied using a plethora of techniques, whereas studies related to highly absorbing ultraviolet excited states are lacking. Here, we study the ultrafast excited state dynamics of riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide using resonance Raman intensity analysis upon photoexcitation into their most intense absorption band centered at 266 nm. Resonance Raman cross sections of each flavin band are quantitatively measured across the 266‐nm absorption band (257–280 nm), and Raman excitation profiles are constructed. We have used Lee and Heller's time‐dependent wave packet theory to simulate the experimental Raman cross sections in a self‐consistent manner. The simulation results in instantaneous structural changes along with solvation dynamics, through linewidth broadening within tens of femtoseconds following photoexcitation. Major structural changes were observed through contraction and elongation of several ring stretching coordinates, affecting at a different site when compared with the S1 excitation. The value of the total reorganization energy was determined to be 1,665 cm−1 (and 1,602 cm−1 for flavin mononucleotide) with a contribution of 1,310 cm−1 from the inertial response of water. We find upon excitation, the first solvation shell inertially responds with an ultrafast timescale of <30 fs for both the molecules. Our results can be useful to determine the structure and dynamics of flavoenzymes by using flavin as a probe following excitation within their 266‐nm absorption band.
Early detection of zinc deficit with confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Cai Lijing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZinc deficit is one of the most important reasons for botanical disease. It can occur in many forms, for example, as rice blast, bacterial stripe, bacterial blight, and false smut. All these diseases will greatly lead to lower yields during rice harvest. In these paper, we show that Raman spectroscopy provides a single, fast, and sensitive method for detecting zinc deficit, especially during early forms of zinc deficiency. When a plant lacks zinc, the carotenoid content will increase, and many other components' content will decrease, such as starch, proteins, sugars, and amide. All of these changes will be brought out in the Raman spectrum of the rice leaves. In this study, we scanned the healthy leaves, the leaves with early zinc deficiency, and the leaves with zinc deficiency by confocal Raman spectrometer to get the Raman spectra within the wavenumber 200–1,200 cm−1. First, the ensemble empirical mode decomposition algorithm was used to remove the baseline and the noise in the Raman spectra. Then principal components selected by the successive projections algorithm (PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC6) and characteristic parameters of the spectra
(the area of 690–780 cm−1 S1 is divided by the area of 1,080–1,200 cm−1 S2) selected by one‐way variance of analysis and related with the content of carotenoid, starch, carbohydrate, soluble sugar, and so forth were the inputs of the least squares support vector machine model. The model is able to determine from a variety of samples whether the sample has zinc deficiency, early zinc deficiency, or if it is healthy, with a 100% accuracy. These results illustrate that early forms of zinc deficit can be detected before the plants show any physical symptoms. This is groundbreaking news for the future development of zinc deficiency monitoring equipment, as well as for other types of deficiency monitoring equipment in general.