bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mini‐Review of E‐Waste Management in Brazil: Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: de Oliveira Neto José Francisco , Silva Maisa Mendonça , Machado Santos Simone 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe accelerated production and replacement of new electrical and electronic equipment demonstrates a tendency for the proportional increase in the generation of e‐waste. Developing countries experience similar social and environmental consequences from this trend, which compounds the other challenges associated with the already poor solid waste management in these regions. Moreover, the dangerous composition of some e‐waste amplifies the problems related to managing these materials. This mini‐review presents a brief overview of e‐waste management in Brazil, including technical aspects, scientific studies, and the challenges ahead. With the Brazilian National Policy of Solid Waste already in place, technical and scientific studies endorse measures that range from incorporating the informal recycling sector into the e‐waste management sector to encouraging the expansion of the recycling industry. All such actions, combined with an intensified commitment of electronic equipment manufacturers to reverse logistics, can improve e‐waste management in Brazil.
Wet‐Chemical Tuning of Li3−xPS4 (0≤x≤0.3) Enabled by Dual Solvents for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Oh Dae Yang , Ha A. Reum , Lee Ji Eun , Jung Sung Hoo , Jeong Goojin , Cho Woosuk , Kim Kyung Su , Jung Yoon Seok 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASLBs) employing sulfide solid electrolytes are attractive next‐generation rechargeable batteries that could offer improved safety and energy density. Recently, wet syntheses or processes for sulfide solid electrolyte materials have opened opportunities to explore new materials and practical fabrication methods for ASLBs. A new wet‐chemical route for the synthesis of Li‐deficient Li3−xPS4 (0≤x≤0.3) has been developed, which is enabled by dual solvents. Owing to its miscibility with tetrahydrofuran and ability to dissolve elemental sulfur, o‐xylene as a cosolvent facilitates the wet‐chemical synthesis of Li3−xPS4. Li3−xPS4 (0≤x≤0.15) derived by using dual solvents shows Li+ conductivity of approximately 0.2 mS cm−1 at 30 °C, in contrast to 0.034 mS cm−1 for a sample obtained by using a conventional single solvent (tetrahydrofuran, x=0.15). The evolution of the structure for Li3−xPS4 is also investigated by complementary analysis using X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. LiCoO2/Li–In ASLBs employing Li2.85PS4 obtained by using dual solvents exhibit a reversible capacity of 130 mA h g−1 with good cycle retention at 30 °C, outperforming cells with Li2.85PS4 obtained by using a conventional single solvent.
Parasites enhance resistance to drought in a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Morton Joseph P. , Silliman Brian R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractParasites are more diverse and numerous than their hosts and commonly control population dynamics. Whether parasites also regulate key ecosystem processes, such as resistance to climate stress, is unclear. In southern U.S. salt marshes, drought interacts synergistically with keystone grazing to generate extensive ecosystem die‐off. Field manipulations of parasite prevalence and salt stress in sediments in healthy marshes demonstrated that trematode parasites, by suppressing feeding activity of grazers that overgraze on drought‐stressed plants, have the potential to slow the rate of ecosystem loss. Surveys along 1,000 km of coastline during an intense drought event revealed parasitism is common in grazers on die‐off borders and that increasing infection prevalence along marsh die‐off borders is negatively correlated with per capita grazing. Combined, results from this field experiment and survey suggested, but did not show, that parasites could affect rates of drought‐driven salt marsh die‐off. To test whether parasites can indeed protect marshes under real drought conditions, we experimentally manipulated parasite prevalence in grazers over a month‐long period on active die‐off borders in three North Carolina marshes. Experimentally reducing parasite prevalence markedly increased the rate of plant ecosystem decline, an effect that scaled positively with prevalence. Thus parasites, by generating a trophic cascade, indirectly enhanced ecosystem resistance to overgrazing under intense drought in these North Carolina marshes. The generality of these results across the entire range of this keystone grazer in the southeastern United States needs to be tested, employing both experiments and extensive surveys that examine how the rate of ecosystem decline is mediated by parasitism. Given the ubiquity of parasites in ecosystems, our results suggest that more research effort should be invested in examining the possible roles for parasitism in regulating ecosystem function and stability.
3D phase field simulations of ductile fracture
Authors: Noll Timo , Kuhn Charlotte , Olesch Darius , Müller Ralf 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this contribution a phase field model for ductile fracture with linear isotropic hardening is presented. An energy functional consisting of an elastic energy, a plastic dissipation potential and a Griffith type fracture energy constitutes the model. The application of an unaltered radial return algorithm on element level is possible due to the choice of an appropriate coupling between the nodal degrees of freedom, namely the displacement and the crack/fracture fields. The degradation function models the mentioned coupling by reducing the stiffness of the material and the plastic contribution of the energy density in broken material. Furthermore, to solve the global system of differential equations comprising the balance of linear momentum and the quasi‐static Ginzburg‐Landau type evolution equation, the application of a monolithic iterative solution scheme becomes feasible. The compact model is used to perform 3D simulations of fracture in tension. The computed plastic zones are compared to the dog‐bone model that is used to derive validity criteria for KIC measurements.
Geoarchaeology of the Water Canyon Paleoindian site, west‐central New Mexico
Authors: Holliday Vance T. , Dello‐Russo Robert D. , Mentzer Susan M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWater Canyon is a rare buried, multicomponent, stratified Paleoindian site in west‐central New Mexico. This paper presents a geoarchaeological assessment of the site as part of a broader interdisciplinary investigation of its paleoenvironmental history and archaeology. The archaeology is associated with ancient wetland deposits (Stratum 6) within an alluvial fan. The fan formed initially through the late Pleistocene. Formation of the fan stopped and wetland deposition began ~11,31014C yr BP (~13,170 cal yr BP). Stratum 6 evolved via wetland deposition and cut‐and‐fill cycles. The bulk of Stratum 6 dates <10,30014C yr BP (<12,200 cal yr BP). One, or possibly two, beds of bison bone, likely processing‐stations, were found on the margin of the paleowetland and date to ~9,20014C yr BP (~10,400 cal yr BP) (lower bone bed) and ~8,20014C yr BP (~9,150 cal yr BP) (upper bone bed). Farther out in the paleo‐wetland a probable kill site was discovered with an in situ Eden projectile point dated to at least ~8,95514C yr BP (~10,070 cal yr BP). The wetland landscape returned to an alluvial fan system <8,00014C yr BP (<8,900 cal yr BP) with two more cycles of fan deposition by ~6,500 cal yr.
Aberrant brain network connectivity in presymptomatic and manifest Huntington's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Pini Lorenzo , Jacquemot Charlotte , Cagnin Annachiara , Meneghello Francesca , Semenza Carlo , Mantini Dante , Vallesi Antonino 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) has the potential to shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of Huntington's disease (HD), paving the way to new therapeutic interventions. A systematic literature review was conducted in three online databases according to PRISMA guidelines, using keywords for HD, functional connectivity, and rs‐fMRI. We included studies investigating connectivity in presymptomatic (pre‐HD) and manifest HD gene carriers compared to healthy controls, implementing seed‐based connectivity, independent component analysis, regional property, and graph analysis approaches. Visual network showed reduced connectivity in manifest HD, while network/areas underpinning motor functions were consistently altered in both manifest HD and pre‐HD, showing disease stage‐dependent changes. Cognitive networks underlying executive and attentional functions showed divergent anterior–posterior alterations, possibly reflecting compensatory mechanisms. The involvement of these networks in pre‐HD is still unclear. In conclusion, aberrant connectivity of the sensory‐motor network is observed in the early stage of HD while, as pathology spreads, other networks might be affected, such as the visual and executive/attentional networks. Moreover, sensory‐motor and executive networks exhibit hyper‐ and hypo‐connectivity patterns following different spatiotemporal trajectories. These findings could potentially help to implement future huntingtin‐lowering interventions.
Multi‐Scale 3D U‐Nets: An approach to automatic segmentation of brain tumor
Authors: Peng Suting , Chen Wei , Sun Jiawei , Liu Boqiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGliomas segmentation is a critical and challenging task in surgery and treatment, and it is also the basis for subsequent evaluation of gliomas. Magnetic resonance imaging is extensively employed in diagnosing brain and nervous system abnormalities. However, brain tumor segmentation remains a challenging task, because differentiating brain tumors from normal tissues is difficult, tumor boundaries are often ambiguous and there is a high degree of variability in the shape, location, and extent of the patient. It is therefore desired to devise effective image segmentation architectures. In the past few decades, many algorithms for automatic segmentation of brain tumors have been proposed. Methods based on deep learning have achieved favorable performance for brain tumor segmentation. In this article, we propose a Multi‐Scale 3D U‐Nets architecture, which uses several U‐net blocks to capture long‐distance spatial information at different resolutions. We upsample feature maps at different resolutions to extract and utilize sufficient features, and we hypothesize that semantically similar features are easier to learn and process. In order to reduce the computational cost, we use 3D depthwise separable convolution instead of some standard 3D convolution. On BraTS 2015 testing set, we obtained dice scores of 0.85, 0.72, and 0.61 for the whole tumor, tumor core, and enhancing tumor, respectively. Our segmentation performance was competitive compared to other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Examining peer networking as a capacity‐building strategy for Housing First implementation
Authors: Worton S. Kathleen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsThis study examines peer networking as a capacity‐building strategy for the implementation of Housing First (HF), a complex community intervention targeting chronic homelessness.MethodsA qualitative, multiple case study was conducted to examine the capacity‐building activities of two, multicommunity peer networks established by community leaders in the Canadian Homelessness sector. Data collection activities included document analysis, key informant interviews (n = 10), and a follow‐up focus group with interview participants in each network. Thematic analyses were conducted for each network, followed by a cross‐case analysis.ResultsEngaging in a multicommunity peer network enhances leaders’ capacity to advance HF by creating opportunities to foster trust and communication, inform continuous improvement, and navigate ambiguity. A number of contextual factors influence connections between peer networking and capacity building.ConclusionPeer networks are a valuable source of support and timely, contextually relevant knowledge for community leaders advancing local adaptation and implementation of HF.
Treatment of acute cholecystitis after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Ueno Kimihiko , Ajiki Tetsuo , Tsugawa Daisuke , Akita Masayuki , Hashimoto Yu , Terai Sachio , Tanaka Motofumi , Toyama Hirochika , Kido Masahiro , Fukumoto Takumi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute cholecystitis (AC) after cardiovascular surgery (CS) tends to have a serious postoperative course; however, there are few reports of AC after CS. In this study, we investigated the clinical features of AC after CS.MethodOf 26 patients who underwent surgery for AC after CS between 2001 and 2018 were investigated. Of these patients, the severity of AC, onset time, surgical outcomes, and postoperative pathological findings were evaluated.ResultsGrade III accounted for 46% (12/26) of the AC after CS patients. Gallbladder drainage did not produce sufficient outcomes in all CS cases. The postoperative hospital days of AC after CS were extended (31/21 days, P = 0.07) and the postoperative pathologic findings revealed a higher rate of gangrenous cholecystitis (88/41%, P < 0.01) than the control group. With regard to the incidence of postoperative complications, there were no differences between CS and the control group (23/24%). The mortality rate of AC after CS was 12%.ConclusionBecause more than 80% of CS cases involved pathologically gangrenous cholecystitis, it may be necessary to perform early surgery for AC after CS, even when the severity of AC is Grade III.
The return of the repressed. On Robert N. Bellah, Norman O. Brown, and religion in human evolution
Authors: Bortolini Matteo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs much as Robert Bellah’s final work, Religion in Human Evolution, has been studied and dissected, no critic underlined the importance of psychoanalysis for its main argument and its theoretical framework. The paper shows the influence exerted by a controversial interpreter of Freud, Norman O. Brown, on Bellah’s ideas, intellectual profile, and writing style in the late‐1960s and early 1970s. While in search for a new intellectual voice, Bellah was struck by Brown’s work and began to make intensive use of his book, Love’s Body, both in his teaching and in his research of the early 1970s, during his so‐called “symbolic realism” period. While Bellah abandoned Brown’s ideas and style in the mid‐1970s, some of the basic intuitions he had during that period still survived as one of the major theoretical intuitions of Religion and Human Evolution.
Toric cycles in the complement to a complex curve in (C×)2
Authors: Lushin Alexey , Pochekutov Dmitry 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe amoeba of a complex curve in the 2‐dimensional complex torus is its image under the projection onto the real parts of the logarithmic coordinates. A toric cycle in the complement to a curve is a fiber of this projection over a point in the complement to the amoeba of the curve. We consider amoebas of complex algebraic curves defined by so‐called Harnack polynomials. We prove that toric cycles are homologically independent in the complement to a such curve.
Honey Polyphenols Ameliorate DSS‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Modulating Gut Microbiota in Rats
Authors: Zhao Haoan , Cheng Ni , Zhou Wenqi , Chen Sinan , Wang Qian , Gao Hui , Xue Xiaofeng , Wu Liming , Cao Wei 
Published: September 2019

ScopeUlcerative colitis (UC) is a multifaceted and recurrent immune disorder that requires long‐term potent pharmacological treatment. Honey, as a natural food of nourishment and pharmaceutical value, has been found to defend against colitis.Methods and resultsThe effects of different constituents in honey are investigated on DSS‐induced colitis in rats. Rats are given DSS, sugars, honey, polyphenols, or SASP for a week, with blood and colon samples collected for the biochemical parameters and inflammation‐related gene analysis and colon contents for gut microbiota. The results show that pretreatments with honey polyphenols significantly improve SOD, GSH‐Px, NO, and MPO levels and reduce DSS‐induced colonic apoptosis, the colonic inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, TNF‐α, and TGF‐β1 accompanied by downregulation of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ gene and upregulation of IκB‐α gene. Furthermore, honey polyphenols and SASP show similar microbial community structure shifts and selective enrichment of key species. At the genus level, honey polyphenols significantly reduce the population of Bacteroides, Corynebacterium, and Proteus species. The correlation analysis indicates that colonic gene expression regulated by honey polyphenols is relative to the key species of gut microbiota.ConclusionsHoney polyphenols improve intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress resistance via modulating gut microbiota, which is conducive to revealing the host–microbe interactions.
Patient‐reported disease burden in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Authors: Kurtz Nicolette S. , Cote Claudia , Heatwole Chad , Gagnon Cynthia , Youssof Sarah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is currently little evidence regarding oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) disease burden reported by patients. In this study we aim to elicit direct patient input regarding OPMD disease burden.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 25 participants with genetically confirmed OPMD and a wide range of disease duration (15 ± 8 years). Using the Framework Technique, themes and categories were then extracted.ResultsAnalyses revealed 7 themes (physical impact, mental impact, social impact, perception of progression, treatment perceptions, coping strategies, and access to disease information), encompassing 27 categories of OPMD disease burden. The most frequent categories were related to dysphagia, coping strategies for dysphagia, and impaired mobility.DiscussionThis study demonstrates the importance of considering, when providing clinical care, the broad range of coping strategies patients use to deal with OPMD symptoms, especially dysphagia, to properly assess limitations and monitor real disease progression.
Altered muscle electrical tissue properties in a mouse model of premature aging
Authors: Clark‐Matott Joanne , Nagy Janice A. , Sanchez Benjamin , Taylor Rebecca , Riveros Daniela , Abraham Neeta A. , Simon David K. , Rutkove Seward B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionImproved methods are needed to detect and quantify age‐related muscle change. In this study we assessed the electrical properties of muscle impacted by acquired mitochondrial DNA mutations via the PolG mouse, which exhibits typical age‐associated features, and the impact of a potential therapy, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN).MethodsThe gastrocnemii of 24 PolG and 30 wild‐type (WT) mice (8 PolG and 17 WT treated with NMN) were studied in an electrical impedance‐measuring cell. Conductivity and relative permittivity were determined from the impedance data. Myofiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) was quantified histologically.ResultsUntreated PolG mice demonstrated alterations in several impedance features, including 50‐kHz relative permittivity and center frequency. A potential effect of NMN was also observed in these parameters in PolG but not WT animals. Impedance values correlated with myofiber CSA.DiscussionElectrical impedance is sensitive to myofiber features considered characteristic of aging and to the impact of a potential therapy.
A national UK audit of suprapubic catheter insertion practice and rate of bowel injury with comparison to a systematic review and meta‐analysis of available research
Authors: Hall S. , Ahmed S. , Reid S. , Thiruchelvam N. , Sahai A. , Hamid R. , Harding C. , Biers S. , Parkinson R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesLimited data exist on the risks of complications associated with a suprapubic catheter (SPC) insertion. Bowel injury (BI) is a well‐recognized albeit uncommon complication. Guidelines on the insertion of SPC have been developed by the British Association of Urological Surgeons, but there remains little evidence regarding the incidence of this complication. This study uses contemporary UK data to assess the incidence of SPC insertion and the rate of BI and compares to a meta‐analysis of available papers.MethodsNational Hospital Episodes Statistics data were searched on all SPC insertions over an 18‐month period for operating procedure codes, Code M38.2 (cystostomy and insertion of a suprapubic tube into bladder). Patients age, 30‐day readmission rates, 30‐day mortality rate, and catheter specific complication rate were collected. To estimate the BI rate, we searched patients who had undergone any laparotomy or bowel operation within 30 days of SPC insertion. Trusts were contacted directly and directed to ascertain whether there was SPC‐related BI. PubMed search to identify papers reporting on SPC related BI was performed for meta‐analysisResults11 473 SPC insertions took place in the UK in this time period. One hundred forty‐one cases had laparotomy within 30 days. Responses from 114 of these cases reported one BI related to SPC insertion. Meta‐analysis showed an overall BI rate of 11/1490 (0.7%).ConclusionsThis is the largest dataset reported on SPC insertions showing a lower than previously reported rate of BI. We recommend clinicians use a risk of BI of less than 0.25% when counseling low‐risk patients.
Akt1 signalling supports acinar proliferation and limits acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia formation upon induction of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Rong , Malagola Ermanno , Dietrich Maren , Zuellig Richard , Tschopp Oliver , Bombardo Marta , Saponara Enrica , Reding Theresia , Myers Stephen , Hills Andrew P , Graf Rolf , Sonda Sabrina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMolecular signalling mediated by the phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)–Akt axis is a key regulator of cellular functions. Importantly, alteration of the PI3K–Akt signalling underlies the development of different human diseases, thus prompting the investigation of the pathway as a molecular target for pharmacologic intervention. In this regard, recent studies showed that small molecule inhibitors of PI3K, the upstream regulator of the pathway, reduced the development of inflammation during acute pancreatitis, a highly debilitating and potentially lethal disease. Here we investigated whether a specific reduction of Akt activity, by using either pharmacologic Akt inhibition, or genetic inactivation of the Akt1 isoform selectively in pancreatic acinar cells, is effective in ameliorating the onset and progression of the disease. We discovered that systemic reduction of Akt activity did not protect the pancreas from initial damage and only transiently delayed leukocyte recruitment. However, reduction of Akt activity decreased acinar proliferation and exacerbated acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia (ADM) formation, two critical events in the progression of pancreatitis. These phenotypes were recapitulated upon conditional inactivation of Akt1 in acinar cells, which resulted in reduced expression of 4E‐BP1, a multifunctional protein of key importance in cell proliferation and metaplasia formation. Collectively, our results highlight the critical role played by Akt1 during the development of acute pancreatitis in the control of acinar cell proliferation and ADM formation. In addition, these results harbour important translational implications as they raise the concern that inhibitors of PI3K‐Akt signalling pathways may negatively affect the regeneration of the pancreas. Finally, this work provides the basis for further investigating the potential of Akt1 activators to boost pancreatic regeneration following inflammatory insults. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.