bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting reports of unsafe foods in consumer product reviews
Authors: Maharana Adyasha , Cai Kunlin , Hellerstein Joseph , Hswen Yulin , Munsell Michael , Staneva Valentina , Verma Miki , Vint Cynthia , Wijaya Derry , Nsoesie Elaine O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Access to safe and nutritious food is essential for good health. However, food can become unsafe due to contamination with pathogens, chemicals or toxins, or mislabeling of allergens. Illness resulting from the consumption of unsafe foods is a global health problem. Here, we develop a machine learning approach for detecting reports of unsafe food products in consumer product reviews from Amazon.com.

Materials and Methods
We linked Amazon.com food product reviews to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) food recalls from 2012 to 2014 using text matching approaches in a PostGres relational database. We applied machine learning methods and over- and under-sampling methods to the linked data to automate the detection of reports of unsafe food products.

Results
Our data consisted of 1 297 156 product reviews from Amazon.com. Only 5149 (0.4%) were linked to recalled food products. Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformations performed best in identifying unsafe food reviews, achieving an F1 score, precision and recall of 0.74, 0.78, and 0.71, respectively. We also identified synonyms for terms associated with FDA recalls in more than 20 000 reviews, most of which were associated with nonrecalled products. This might suggest that many more products should have been recalled or investigated.

Discussion and Conclusion
Challenges to improving food safety include, urbanization which has led to a longer food chain, underreporting of illness and difficulty in linking contaminated food to illness. Our approach can improve food safety by enabling early identification of unsafe foods which can lead to timely recall thereby limiting the health and economic impact on the public.
The Pre-Trial Chamber’s Afghanistan Decision
Authors: Poltronieri Rossetti Luca 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
On 12 April 2019, Pre-Trial Chamber II (PTC II) of the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued a decision pursuant to Article 15(4) of the Rome Statute on the request of the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) to open an investigation in the situation of Afghanistan, refusing for the first time to grant an authorization to investigate in a situation initiated proprio motu. The Chamber grounded its decision on a ‘prognostic’ analysis of the prospects for viable investigation and prosecution, leading to the conclusion that an investigation would not have been in the interests of justice. The present contribution examines the PTC’s approach in the Afghan situation, comparing it with previous practice in the context of authorization proceedings. It suggests that the Chamber’s approach to the definition of the scope of the investigation, as well as its interpretation and concrete application of the interests of justice clause, might represent an unreasonable encroachment on the OTP’s discretion. The article also examines the potential consequences of the Afghanistan decision in future cases and briefly touches upon the appellate proceedings instituted by the OTP and the legal representatives of victims. It finally argues that the current practice in authorization proceedings lacks reasonable consistency, and that a ‘third way’ between excessive deference and interventionism in the exercise of judicial supervision of discretionary choices needs to be developed in practice, in order to safeguard the credibility of the Court.
IDH1 fine-tunes cap-dependent translation initiation
Authors: Liu Lichao , Lu J Yuyang , Li Fajin , Xing Xudong , Li Tong , Yang Xuerui , Shen Xiaohua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Its mutation often leads to aberrant gene expression in cancer. IDH1 was reported to bind thousands of RNA transcripts in a sequence-dependent manner; yet, the functional significance of this RNA-binding activity remains elusive. Here, we report that IDH1 promotes mRNA translation via direct associations with polysome mRNA and translation machinery. Comprehensive proteomic analysis in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) revealed striking enrichment of ribosomal proteins and translation regulators in IDH1-bound protein interactomes. We performed ribosomal profiling and analyzed mRNA transcripts that are associated with actively translating polysomes. Interestingly, knockout of IDH1 in ESCs led to significant downregulation of polysome-bound mRNA in IDH1 targets and subtle upregulation of ribosome densities at the start codon, indicating inefficient translation initiation upon loss of IDH1. Tethering IDH1 to a luciferase mRNA via the MS2-MBP system promotes luciferase translation, independently of the catalytic activity of IDH1. Intriguingly, IDH1 fails to enhance luciferase translation driven by an internal ribosome entry site. Together, these results reveal an unforeseen role of IDH1 in fine-tuning cap-dependent translation via the initiation step.
Alien Invasion: The Case of the Western Conifer-Seed Bug (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Chile, Overreaction, and Misidentifications
Authors: Faúndez Eduardo I , Carvajal Mariom A , Villablanca Javier 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heidemann) is an invasive species introduced in Europe, Asia, and most recently South America. In the present study, we report the overreaction situation caused by this bug in Chile, as it has been confused with kissing bugs (Reduviidae: Triatominae), Chagas’ disease vectors. During 2018 and first months of 2019, we received 74 alleged cases of kissing bugs to confirm identification. From these, a total of 63 were identified as L. occidentalis, representing a 85% of the total denounces. Additionally, the first bite case in a human is described. The situation caused by L. occidentalis in Chile is discussed, and an illustrated table is provided to correctly identify this species and tell it apart from Triatomines. It is concluded that L. occidentalis is well established in Chile, and it is necessary to educate the population on recognition of the bug and to avoid overreaction as the species can inflict painful bites, but not transmit any disease.
Very late locally recurrent chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: 15 years following radical nephrectomy for low-stage disease
Authors: Ismail Asmaa , Elmansy Hazem , Shahrour Walid , Prowse Owen , Kotb Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The majority of patients with renal cell carcinoma develop recurrence within 5 years following radical nephrectomy. Very late sole local recurrence beyond 10 years is rare, and all reported cases had clear cell histology. Surgical resection of local recurrence remains the best option for disease management. This case opens the way for further studying the rare histological variants of renal cancer and to encourage prolonged follow-up and offering surgery as the best option for managing these cases.
The ABCD database: a repository for chemically defined antibodies
Authors: Lima Wanessa C , Gasteiger Elisabeth , Marcatili Paolo , Duek Paula , Bairoch Amos , Cosson Pierre 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The ABCD (for AntiBodies Chemically Defined) database is a repository of sequenced antibodies, integrating curated information about the antibody and its antigen with cross-links to standardized databases of chemical and protein entities. It is freely available to the academic community, accessible through the ExPASy server (https://web.expasy.org/abcd/). The ABCD database aims at helping to improve reproducibility in academic research by providing a unique, unambiguous identifier associated to each antibody sequence. It also allows to determine rapidly if a sequenced antibody is available for a given antigen.
Patient Satisfaction Ratings of Male and Female Residents Across Subspecialties
Authors: Udawatta Methma , Alkhalid Yasmine , Nguyen Thien , Ong Vera , Woodard Jos’lyn , Sheppard John P , Duong Courtney , Iyengar Sonia , Migdal Christopher W , Mosley Virgie , Yang Isaac 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Females currently comprise approximately 50% of incoming medical students yet continue to be underrepresented in certain medical subspecialties.

OBJECTIVE
To assess whether gender plays a role in patients’ perception of physician competency among different specialties.

METHODS
We administered surveys at 2 academic medical centers to patients who were stable, cognitively aware, and indicated English as their primary language. Survey questions evaluated communication, medical expertise, and quality of care.

RESULTS
A total of 4222 surveys were collected. Females comprised around half (n = 2133, 50.7%) of evaluated residents. First-year (n = 1647, 39%) and second-year (n = 1416, 33.5%) residents were assessed most frequently. Internal medicine conducted the most surveys (n = 1111, 23.6%), whereas head and neck surgery conducted the least (n = 137, 3.24%). There was no statistically significant difference between patients’ perception of male and female residents of the same year in overall communication skills, medical expertise, and quality of medical care. Female residents outperformed their male counterparts on specific questions evaluating the communication of treatment plans, patient education, and patient satisfaction (P < .001, P = .03, P = .04, respectively). Unsurprisingly, patients’ perceptions of residents’ overall communication skills, medical expertise, and quality of medical care significantly improved when comparing more experienced residents to newer residents.

CONCLUSION
There is no difference between overall communication, medical expertise, and quality of care between sexes, and across subspecialties. Though gender inequalities currently exist most starkly in practitioners in surgical subspecialties, women in surgical residencies were much better communicators than their male counterparts, but still perceived to have similar levels of medical expertise and quality of care.
Assessing the Differences in Measurement of Degree of Spondylolisthesis Between Supine MRI and Erect X-Ray: An Institutional Analysis of 255 Cases
Authors: Alvi Mohammed Ali , Sebai Adeeb , Yolcu Yagiz , Wahood Waseem , Elder Benjamin D , Kaufmann Timothy , Bydon Mohamad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Degenerative spondylolisthesis is the displacement of one vertebral body over the adjacent one. While standing and flexion-extension X-rays are preferred for determining listhesis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often utilized to assess the compression of nerve root or spinal cord.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the difference in radiographic measurements of spondylolisthesis between X-rays and MRI.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the records and radiographic images of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of spondylolisthesis undergoing operation in 2016. Primary variable of interest was the degree of slippage as per the Meyerding method. Agreement between the 2 reviewers was assessed using the 2-way intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for slippage percentage and Cohen's Kappa for grade. Agreement of Meyerding grade between the 2 imaging techniques was assessed using Cohen's Kappa, while the slip percentage measured for each technique was compared using a Bland-Altman (BA) plot, mean difference (MD), and 1-way ICC.

RESULTS
A total of 255 cases were analyzed. ICC between the 2 reviewers was found to be 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-0.83, P < .001) for X-ray and 0.76 (95% CI = 0.66-0.83, P < .001) for MRI. Agreement between X-ray and MRI for grading of spondylolisthesis was found to be poor (kappa = 0.32, P < .001). BA plot between X-ray and MRI measurements revealed an MD of 4.4% (95% limits of agreement: –10.3% to 19.3%) with 5.16% observations outside the limits of agreement and 1-way ICC of 0.35 showing poor agreement.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate the discrepancy of spondylolisthesis grade measurements between weight-bearing X-ray and nonweight-bearing MRI. Careful evaluation of both imaging technique is warranted to determine the final severity of pathology and tailoring of management plan.
DISSEQT—DIStribution-based modeling of SEQuence space Time dynamics†
Authors: Henningsson R , Moratorio G , Bordería A V , Vignuzzi M , Fontes M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Rapidly evolving microbes are a challenge to model because of the volatile, complex, and dynamic nature of their populations. We developed the DISSEQT pipeline (DIStribution-based SEQuence space Time dynamics) for analyzing, visualizing, and predicting the evolution of heterogeneous biological populations in multidimensional genetic space, suited for population-based modeling of deep sequencing and high-throughput data. The pipeline is openly available on GitHub (https://github.com/rasmushenningsson/DISSEQT.jl, accessed 23 June 2019) and Synapse (https://www.synapse.org/#!Synapse: syn11425758, accessed 23 June 2019), covering the entire workflow from read alignment to visualization of results. Our pipeline is centered around robust dimension and model reduction algorithms for analysis of genotypic data with additional capabilities for including phenotypic features to explore dynamic genotype–phenotype maps. We illustrate its utility and capacity with examples from evolving RNA virus populations, which present one of the highest degrees of genetic heterogeneity within a given population found in nature. Using our pipeline, we empirically reconstruct the evolutionary trajectories of evolving populations in sequence space and genotype–phenotype fitness landscapes. We show that while sequence space is vastly multidimensional, the relevant genetic space of evolving microbial populations is of intrinsically low dimension. In addition, evolutionary trajectories of these populations can be faithfully monitored to identify the key minority genotypes contributing most to evolution. Finally, we show that empirical fitness landscapes, when reconstructed to include minority variants, can predict phenotype from genotype with high accuracy.
Drug Legalization and Decriminalization Beliefs Among Substance-using and Nonusing Individuals
Authors: Hammond Alexis S. , Dunn Kelly E. , Strain Eric C. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
There has been advocacy for legalization of abusable substances, but systematic data on societal beliefs regarding such legalization are limited. People who use substances may have unique beliefs about legalization, and this study assessed whether they would be in favor of drug legalization/decriminalization. It was hypothesized that those who use particular drugs (especially marijuana) would support its legalization/decriminalization, but that this would not be the case across all classes (especially opioids and stimulants).

Methods:
A nationwide sample of 506 adults were surveyed online to assess demographic characteristics, substance misuse, and beliefs regarding drug legalization/decriminalization. Legalization/decriminalization beliefs for specific drugs were assessed on an 11-point scale (0, strongly disagree; 10, strongly agree).

Results:
For persons with opioid misuse (15.4%), when asked about their agreement with: “heroin should be legalized,” the mean score was 4.6 (SEE = 0.4; neutral). For persons with stimulant misuse (12.1%), when asked about their agreement with: “cocaine should be legalized,” the score was 4.2 (0.5). However, for persons with marijuana misuse (34.0%), when asked about their agreement with: “medical marijuana should be legalized” the score was 8.2 (0.3; indicating agreement), and for “recreational marijuana” the score was also 8.2 (0.3).

Conclusions:
These results suggest that persons who used marijuana strongly support the legalization of both recreational and medical marijuana, whereas persons who primarily have opioid or stimulant misuse have less strongly held beliefs about legalization of substances within those respective categories. By including those who misuse drugs, these data assist in framing discussions of drug legalization and have the potential to inform drug policy considerations.
Recovery From Opioid Problems in the US Population: Prevalence, Pathways, and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Hoffman Lauren A. , Vilsaint Corrie , Kelly John F. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
Research has enhanced our understanding of opioid misuse prevalence and consequences, but few studies have examined recovery from opioid problems. Estimating national recovery prevalence and characterizing individuals who have resolved opioid problems can inform policy and clinical approaches to address opioid misuse.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional investigation of a nationally-representative sample of US adults who reported opioid problem resolution (OPI). For reference, OPI was compared with an alcohol problem resolution group (ALC). Analyses estimated OPI/ALC prevalence, differences in treatment/recovery service use, and psychological well-being, within 2 recovery windows: <1 year (early recovery) and 1 to 5 years (mid-recovery) since OPI/ALC problem resolution.

Results:
Of those who reported alcohol or drug use problem resolution, weighted problem resolution prevalence was 5.3% for opioids (early recovery 1.2%, mid-recovery 2.2%) and 51.2% for alcohol (early recovery 7.0%, mid-recovery 11.5%). In mid-recovery, lifetime use of formal treatment, pharmacotherapy, recovery support services, mutual help, and current pharmacotherapy were more prevalent in OPI than ALC. Service utilization did not differ between early-recovery OPI and ALC. Common services used by OPI included inpatient treatment (37.8%) and state/local recovery organizations (24.4%) in mid-recovery; outpatient treatment (25.7%) and recovery community centers (27.2%) in early recovery; Narcotics Anonymous (40.2%–57.8%) and buprenorphine-naloxone (15.3%–26.7%) in both recovery cohorts. Regarding well-being, OPI reported higher self-esteem than ALC in early recovery, and lower self-esteem than ALC in mid-recovery.

Conclusions:
An estimated 1.2 million American adults report resolving an opioid problem. Given the service use outcomes and longer-term problem resolution of mid-recovery OPI, early-recovery OPI may require encouragement to utilize additional or more intensive services to achieve longer-term recovery. OPI beyond recovery-year 1 may need enhanced support to address deficient self-esteem and promote well-being.
Should I Plan to Open? Predicting the Need for Open Reduction in the Treatment of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Talathi Nakul S. , Trionfo Arianna , Patel Neeraj M. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. , Matheney Travis , Mulpuri Kishore , Sankar Wudbhav N. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Closed reduction is generally attempted on children under 18 months of age who present as older infants or who fail nonoperative management for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). However, many of these patients will not achieve concentric reduction by closed means and will ultimately require open reduction (OR). Limited evidence exists to predict which patients can be adequately closed reduced versus those who will need open treatment.

Methods:
Prospectively collected data from 4 select centers of an international multicenter study group sharing a common treatment approach were reviewed for all DDH infants under 18 months old that required operative management. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: those whose hips were successfully closed reduced or those who ultimately required OR. Factors were compared between the closed reduction and OR groups for 2 separate cohorts—those presenting early in life with ultrasound (US) data, and those presenting later with radiographic data.

Results:
A total of 154 patients (166 hips) were included in the analysis. Overall, 87.3% were female. In the early-presenting cohort, purposeful entry multivariate regression revealed that patients with Graf IV hips on US had 3.8 times higher odds of requiring an OR. For the later cohort, hips that were clinically irreducible (ie, negative Ortolani sign) had 3.3 times higher odds of requiring OR. Patients with International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) grade IV hips had 2.5 times higher odds of needing an OR versus those with grade III hips and 15.4 times higher odds than those with grade II hips. Children with an IHDI grade IV hip and a negative Ortolani sign had 4.4 times higher odds of needing OR.

Conclusion:
Children younger than 18 months with dislocated hips who require OR are more likely to have a high-grade radiographic dislocation (IHDI grade IV), negative preoperative Ortolani sign, and a Graf IV classification on initial US. This information may help surgeons budget the use of operating room time and better counsel parents about intraoperative expectations.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—Prognostic.
A Systematic Review of the Utility of Postoperative Imaging in the Management of Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Zusman Natalie L. , Barney Nicole A. , Woelber Erik , Yang Scott 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Recently published studies call into question the clinical utility of postoperative radiographs in the management of pediatric supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures. This topic has been addressed as part of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Appropriate Use Criteria, although recommendations regarding serial radiographs were not included as part of the discussion. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the recent literature regarding the utility of postoperative radiographs as part of the management of SCH fractures.

Methods:
A systematic review of the literature published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017 was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases to identify studies relevant to postoperative management of SCH. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, from which data pooled estimates and an analysis of heterogeneity were calculated.

Results:
The pooled estimate of changes in fracture management on the basis of postoperative radiographs was 1% (0.98±0.33). Significant interstudy heterogeneity was observed with an I
2 test statistic of 76%. Changes in fracture management included prolonged immobilization following pin removal and return to the operating room.

Conclusions:
There is a paucity of articles focusing on the utility or appropriate use of postoperative radiographs in changing management of SCH fractures, one of the most common upper extremity fractures in children. There is a very low rate of change in management on the basis of imaging, and frequently authors commented that the management change could have been prompted without routine serial radiographs. The cumulate findings of these studies suggest routine postoperative radiographs after SCH fractures are infrequently associated with changes in management. Practitioners should consider postoperative protocols with the intention of identifying early postoperative alignment loss or when the complication is suspected to prevent excessive routine radiography in the management of pediatric SCH fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—systematic review of level III studies.