bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target detection, ISAR imaging and tracking capabilities of a passive radar net utilising barrage jamming signals
Authors: Mularzuk Roman , Soszka Maciej , Szymański Piotr , Zych Mariusz , Bartoszewski Michał , Bączyk Marcin , Kulpa Krzysztof , Maślikowski Łukasz , Wielgo Maciej , Jarabo‐Amores Maria‐Pilar , Rey‐Maestre Nerea , Mata‐Moya David , Norheim‐Næss Idar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractJammers aim to interfere with active radars during military operations. Still, they can strengthen our capabilities on the battlefield if there are proper methods to use them. This paper demonstrates the possibility of utilising a ground‐based barrage jammer (to jam radars or communications) as an illumination source for passive radar detection, tracking and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging. It shows the feasibility of using a jammer for cooperative (friendly jammer) and non‐cooperative (hostile jammer) operations. The results come from the European Defence Agency project no B 1516 IAP2 GP entitled jammer‐based passive radar. This article will present some of the outcomes of field trials conducted in June 2022 in Poland within the international electronic warfare exercises. Designed jammer demonstrators, with a maximum bandwidth of 115 MHz, were used as illuminators of opportunity and made it possible to test the operation of passive radars with five signal types (within two bands—L‐band and S‐band) for military targets (i.e. fighters, transport planes, helicopters). In the first part of the article, detection, ISAR imaging and tracking issues will be addressed. The second part of the article will focus on the results obtained during the project's joint field trials.
Medical and Interventional Management of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Lynch Jeffrey M. , Stevens Elizabeth , Meek Mary E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder of the blood vessels that leads to the formation of telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). HHT affects ∼1/5,000 people, but this varies significantly by geography and ancestry. The Curaçao criteria for HHT consist of four diagnostic criteria: spontaneous epistaxis, first-degree relative with HHT, AVMs in characteristic location (liver, lung, brain), and telangiectasias. Sequelae and major symptomology include recurrent epistaxis, dyspnea, heart failure, and stroke from paradoxical emboli among others. HHT patients are best cared for by a multidisciplinary team, ideally all with HHT-specific experience, but in this review, we will discuss the major aspects of the disease including etiology, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations.
Harmonizing food systems emissions accounting for more effective climate action
Authors: Karl Kevin , Tubiello Francesco N , Crippa Monica , Poore Joseph , Hayek Matthew N , Benoit Philippe , Chen Minpeng , Corbeels Marc , Flammini Alessandro , Garland Sarah , Leip Adrian , McClelland Shelby C , Mencos Contreras Erik , Sandalow David , Quadrelli Roberta , Sapkota Tek B , Rosenzweig Cynthia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Food systems—encompassing activities in food production, land-use change, supply chains and waste management—contribute significantly to climate change. Recent estimates indicate that food systems produce over 30% of annual anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (about 20% of CO2, 50% of CH4, and 75% of N2O), with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimating a notably broad range of 23%–42% of global GHG emissions. This paper synthesizes current research on the contributions of food systems to climate change, highlights challenges in quantifying their impact and proposes a harmonized accounting framework for more effective climate action. We recommend that an expert committee aligned with the IPCC develop guidance for food systems emissions accounting in four key areas, including: (1) defining system boundaries and nomenclature; (2) developing protocols to allocate broader sectoral emissions to food systems; (3) prioritizing critical areas for research into activity data and emissions factors; and (4) developing a balanced framework for evaluating the impact of mitigation interventions in light of other food systems imperatives. The committee should be integrated into two key international policy processes—the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the United Nations Food Systems Summit—to support coordinated action towards global net-zero goals. Guidance from the committee could significantly improve the ability of governments, companies, and researchers to estimate, report, monitor and ultimately reduce the climate impacts of food systems.
Justice and Natural Law
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a major new interpretation of Hobbes’s natural law ethics. It does so by reconstructing Hobbes’s disentanglement of the domains of natural law and justice of actions. Hobbes stresses that sovereigns and pre-statist individuals alike can flout natural law duties without thereby committing any injustice or injury to humans. How come? Dismissing Abizadeh’s recent suggestion that deontic obligations of justice provide different kinds of reasons for action than prudential natural law duties, the chapter argues that Hobbes’s idiosyncratic conception of injury explains how humans, equal by nature, can have the right to sin vis-à-vis their fellows. Violations of natural law are neither unjust nor injurious as long as agents remain entitled to follow their own judgement about what (if anything) morality demands in practice. Rights of private judgement shield sinners from all warranted moral accusation. The chapter ends by discussing the difference between justice of actions vs. justice of manners.
Justice and Property
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores changing conceptual relations between justice, law, and property rights. Hobbes unwaveringly maintained that private property rights: (1) presuppose the existence of a legal system; (2) and never exclude the sovereign. Over time, he developed three distinct arguments for the first thesis: the Security, Precision, and Creation Arguments. The last argument is deeply conventionalist: distributive civil laws create from scratch all exclusive rights in external things. Premised upon Leviathan’s novel account of distributive justice as a virtue of arbitrators, the Creation Argument at once explains why property rights, constituted by law, do not constrain the sovereign legislator. For that thesis, the early works had relied on the so-called Allotment Argument, modelling sovereignty on the despotic power of slaveholders and conceiving of citizens’ property rights as revocable allotments from their master’s stock. Leviathan’s reconceptualization of distributive justice helps explain the diminishing centrality of despotic sovereignty in Hobbes’s mature thought.
Justice and Civil Law
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Was Hobbes a legal positivist? Ongoing debates on this question are marred by the common tendency to conflate justice with natural law. This chapter provides new arguments for interpreting Hobbes’s legal theory along non-positivist lines. Existing anti-positivist readings must be rejected as untenable: civil laws that materially contradict natural law are legally valid. Against positivist readings, I contend that Hobbes rejected both hallmarks of legal positivism: the Sources Thesis and Separability Thesis. An ineliminable conceptual connection obtains between civil law and justice: no civil law can possibly be unjust or injurious to citizens. A key part of Hobbes’s vindicatory project, this connection holds true in virtue of Leviathan’s authorization thesis. Authorization precludes accusations of injustice—and citizens have individually authorized all the sovereign’s actions without exception, including immoral ones. Indeed, immoral laws and decrees are legally valid precisely because and insofar as they have been authorized by citizens.
Graph domain adaptation–based framework for gene expression enhancement and cell type identification in large-scale spatially resolved transcriptomics
Authors: Shen Rongbo , Cheng Meiling , Wang Wencang , Fan Qi , Yan Huan , Wen Jiayue , Yuan Zhiyuan , Yao Jianhua , Li Yixue , Yuan Jiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) technologies facilitate gene expression profiling with spatial resolution in a naïve state. Nevertheless, current SRT technologies exhibit limitations, manifesting as either low transcript detection sensitivity or restricted gene throughput. These constraints result in diminished precision and coverage in gene measurement. In response, we introduce SpaGDA, a sophisticated deep learning–based graph domain adaptation framework for both scenarios of gene expression imputation and cell type identification in spatially resolved transcriptomics data by impartially transferring knowledge from reference scRNA-seq data. Systematic benchmarking analyses across several SRT datasets generated from different technologies have demonstrated SpaGDA's superior effectiveness compared to state-of-the-art methods in both scenarios. Further applied to three SRT datasets of different biological contexts, SpaGDA not only better recovers the well-established knowledge sourced from public atlases and existing scientific literature but also yields a more informative spatial expression pattern of genes. Together, these results demonstrate that SpaGDA can be used to overcome the challenges of current SRT data and provide more accurate insights into biological processes or disease development. The SpaGDA is available in https://github.com/shenrb/SpaGDA.
Phylogenetic-informed graph deep learning to classify dynamic transmission clusters in infectious disease epidemics
Authors: Sun Chaoyue , Li Yanjun , Marini Simone , Riva Alberto , Wu Dapeng Oliver , Fang Ruogu , Salemi Marco , Rife Magalis Brittany 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
In the midst of an outbreak, identification of groups of individuals that represent risk for transmission of the pathogen under investigation is critical to public health efforts. Dynamic transmission patterns within these clusters, whether it be the result of changes at the level of the virus (e.g. infectivity) or host (e.g. vaccination), are critical in strategizing public health interventions, particularly when resources are limited. Phylogenetic trees are widely used not only in the detection of transmission clusters, but the topological shape of the branches within can be useful sources of information regarding the dynamics of the represented population.

Results
We evaluated the limitation of existing tree shape metrics when dealing with dynamic transmission clusters and propose instead a phylogeny-based deep learning system –DeepDynaTree– for dynamic classification. Comprehensive experiments carried out on a variety of simulated epidemic growth models and HIV epidemic data indicate that this graph deep learning approach is effective, robust, and informative for cluster dynamic prediction. Our results confirm that DeepDynaTree is a promising tool for transmission cluster characterization that can be modified to address the existing limitations and deficiencies in knowledge regarding the dynamics of transmission trajectories for groups at risk of pathogen infection.

Availability and implementation
DeepDynaTree is available under an MIT Licence in https://github.com/salemilab/DeepDynaTree.
FEHAT: efficient, large scale and automated heartbeat detection in Medaka fish embryos
Authors: Ferreira Marcio Soares , Stricker Sebastian , Fitzgerald Tomas , Monahan Jack , Defranoux Fanny , Watson Philip , Welz Bettina , Hammouda Omar , Wittbrodt Joachim , Birney Ewan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Summary
High-resolution imaging of model organisms allows the quantification of important physiological measurements. In the case of fish with transparent embryos, these videos can visualize key physiological processes, such as heartbeat. High throughput systems can provide enough measurements for the robust investigation of developmental processes as well as the impact of system perturbations on physiological state. However, few analytical schemes have been designed to handle thousands of high-resolution videos without the need for some level of human intervention. We developed a software package, named FEHAT, to provide a fully automated solution for the analytics of large numbers of heart rate imaging datasets obtained from developing Medaka fish embryos in 96-well plate format imaged on an Acquifer machine. FEHAT uses image segmentation to define regions of the embryo showing changes in pixel intensity over time, followed by the classification of the most likely position of the heart and Fourier Transformations to estimate the heart rate. Here, we describe some important features of the FEHAT software, showcasing its performance across a large set of medaka fish embryos and compare its performance to established, less automated solutions. FEHAT provides reliable heart rate estimates across a range of temperature-based perturbations and can be applied to tens of thousands of embryos without the need for any human intervention.

Availability and implementation
Data used in this manuscript will be made available on request.
Artificial daylight photodynamic therapy using methyl aminolaevulinate in a real-world setting in Germany: results from the noninterventional study ArtLight
Authors: Philipp-Dormston Wolfgang G , Brückner Matthias , Hoffmann Matthias , Baé Melvin , Fränken Jörg , Großmann Bernd , Paasch Uwe , Quist Sven , Lang Berenice M , Chavda Rajeev , Szeimies Rolf-Markus 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Artificial daylight photodynamic therapy (ADL-PDT) is an alternative, all-year applicable, nearly painless treatment approach for actinic keratosis (AK) with comparable effectiveness to daylight or conventional PDT. At the time this study was initiated, methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL) was the only photosensitizer approved for ADL-PDT in Germany.

Objectives
To gain comprehensive insights into the practicability of MAL-ADL-PDT in patients with AK using different artificial daylight sources under real-world conditions.

Methods
This prospective, noninterventional, multicentre study (ArtLight, NCT05725213) enrolled patients with Olsen grade 1 or 2 AK on the face and scalp in Germany. Patients were treated with MAL-ADL-PDT (160 mg g–1 MAL cream). The primary outcome measure was the practicability of MAL-ADL-PDT assessed as rate of resolved AK lesions in the focus area (10 × 10-cm area within the treatment area). Secondary outcomes included treatment-associated pain (numeric rating scale, NRS), Actinic Keratosis Area and Severity Index (AKASI), total lesion count over time, skin preparation, safety, overall assessment of effectiveness, tolerability, adherence and patient satisfaction.

Results
In total, 224 patients [median age 75.0 (range 50–91) years, 85.3% male, 62.5% AK Olsen grade 2, 55.4% treatment-naïve] were included and treated with MAL-ADL-PDT. Three months after treatment, lesion counts were reduced in the focus area by 71% (P &lt; 0.001) indicating practicability of the treatment. Nearly all patients (93.3%) experienced no or mild pain during PDT (NRS score 0–3). Median AKASI decreased from 6.2 at baseline to 3.4 at month 3 (95% confidence interval 2.4–3.0; P &lt; 0.001). The majority of investigators (82.8%) and patients (80.0%) were satisfied with the treatment. No new safety signals were reported.

Conclusions
The clinical practicability of MAL-ADL-PDT was demonstrated under real-world conditions by effective lesion reduction and predominantly none-to-mild procedural pain. Thus, MAL-ADL-PDT is a convenient way for healthcare professionals to deliver PDT treatment to patients with AK located on the face and scalp.
Polyfluorene bearing quinoline and ferrocene as the pendant groups for bioelectronics
Authors: Zhang Chenjian , Qian Ning , Qin Tianhao , Chen Qian , Liu Jiaxuan , He Haidong , Chen Yu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Analog-type polymer memristors are preeminent candidates for neuromorphic computation and synaptic biomimicking. A novel polyfluorene bearing quinoline and ferrocene as the pendant groups (PQF) is synthesized. The PQF film sandwiched between the Al and ITO electrodes exhibits outstanding analog-type memristive performance at a small sweep voltage range of ±1 V, with 42 distinguishable conductance states. In comparison, poly{[9,9-di(2,4-diphenylquinoline)-fluorene]-alt-[9,9-bis(6-bromohexyl)-9H-fluorene]}, and poly {[9H-fluorene]-alt-[fluorene with triazole and ferrocene moieties in the sidechains]} only show 12 and 15 distinguishable conductance states, respectively. The former only involves intramolecular charge transfer from the polymer backbone to the quinolone moieties, while the latter mainly concerns redox effect from the ferrocene moieties. These results demonstrate that the combined action of intramolecular electron transfer and redox effect could dramatically increase the number of distinguishable conductive states of the resultant materials. Associated with the exceptional memristive performance, the PQF-based memristor can accurately recognize human emotions. After 150 training sessions, the accuracy of emotion recognition reaches up to 98.74%.
Comprehensive Review on Plant Cytochrome P450 Evolution: Copy Number, Diversity, and Motif Analysis From Chlorophyta to Dicotyledoneae
Authors: Fang Yuanpeng , Tai Zheng , Hu Keyi , Luo Lingfeng , Yang Sanwei , Liu Mengmeng , Xie Xin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) are widely distributed among various plant groups and constitute approximately 1% of the total number of protein-coding genes. Extensive studies suggest that CYPs are involved in nearly all molecular processes that occur in plants. Over the past two decades, the identification of CYP genes has expanded rapidly, with more than 40,000 CYP genes and 819 CYP families being discovered. Copy number variation is a significant evolutionary characteristic of gene families, yet a systematic characterization of the copy evolution patterns in plant CYP gene families has been lacking, resulting in confusion and challenges in understanding CYP functions. To address these concerns, this review provides comprehensive statistics and analyses of the copy number and diversity of almost all plant CYP gene families, focusing on CYP evolution from Chlorophyta to Dicotyledoneae. Additionally, we examined the subfamily characteristics of certain CYP families with restricted copy changes and identified several CYP subfamilies that play pivotal roles in this event. Furthermore, we analyzed the structural conservation of CYPs across different taxa and compiled a comprehensive database to support plant CYP studies. Our analysis revealed differences in the six core conserved motifs of plant CYP proteins among various clans and plant taxa, while demonstrating similar conservation patterns for the ERR (glutamic acid-arginine-arginine) triad motifs. These findings will significantly facilitate the understanding of plant CYP gene evolution and metabolic diversity and serve as a valuable reference for researchers studying CYP enzymes.
Genome-wide association for agro-morphological traits in a triploid banana population with large chromosome rearrangements
Authors: Rio Simon , Toniutti Lucile , Salmon Frédéric , Hervouet Catherine , Cardi Céline , Mournet Pierre , Guiougou Chantal , Marius Franck , Mina Claude , Delos Jean-Marie Eric , Lambert Frédéric , Madec Camille , Efile Jean-Claude , Cruaud Corinne , Aury Jean Marc , D’Hont Angélique , Hoarau Jean-Yves , Martin Guillaume 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Banana breeding is hampered by the very low fertility of domesticated bananas and the lack of knowledge about the genetic determinism of agronomic traits. We analysed a breeding population of 2723 triploid hybrids resulting from crosses between diploid and tetraploid Musa acuminata parents, which was evaluated over three successive crop cycles for 24 traits relating to yield components and plant, bunch, and fruit architectures. A subset of 1129 individuals was genotyped by sequencing, revealing 205 612 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most parents were heterozygous for one or several large reciprocal chromosomal translocations, which are known to impact recombination and chromosomal segregation. We applied two linear mixed models to detect associations between markers and traits: (i) a standard model with a kinship calculated using all SNPs and (ii) a model with chromosome-specific kinships that aims at recovering statistical power at alleles carried by long non-recombined haplotypic segments. For 23 of the 24 traits, we identified one to five significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for which the origin of favourable alleles could often be determined amongst the main ancestral contributors to banana cultivars. Several QTLs, located in the rearranged regions, were only detected using the second model. The resulting QTL landscape represents an important resource to support breeding programmes. The proposed strategy for recovering power at SNPs carried by long non-recombined rearranged haplotypic segments is an important methodological advance for future association studies in banana and other species affected by chromosomal rearrangements.