bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of individual patient data of albumin dialysis in acute-on-chronic liver failure: focus on treatment intensity
Authors: Bañares Rafael , Ibáñez-Samaniego Luis , Torner Josep María , Pavesi Marco , Olmedo Carmen , Catalina María Vega , Albillos Agustín , Larsen Fin Stolze , Nevens Frederik , Hassanein Tarek , Schmidt Harmuth , Heeman Uwe , Jalan Rajiv , Moreau Richard , Arroyo Vicente 
Published: September 2019

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a common complication of cirrhosis characterized by single or multiple organ failures and high short-term mortality. Treatment of ACLF consists of standard medical care (SMC) and organ(s) support. Whether the efficacy of artificial liver support (ALS) depends on the severity of ACLF or on the intensity of this treatment, or both, is unclear. This study aimed to further assess these issues. Methods: We performed an individual patient data meta-analysis assessing the efficacy of Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS) in ACLF patients enrolled in prior randomized control trials (RCTs). The meta-analysis was designed to assess the effect of patient severity (ACLF grade) and treatment intensity [low-intensity therapy (LIT), SMC alone or SMC plus ⩽ 4 MARS sessions, high-intensity therapy (HIT), SMC plus > 4 MARS sessions] on mortality. Results: Three RCTs suitable for the meta-analysis ( n = 285, ACLF patients = 165) were identified in a systematic review. SMC plus MARS (irrespective of the number of sessions) did not improve survival compared with SMC alone, neither in the complete population nor in the ACLF patients. Survival, however, was significantly improved in the subgroup of patients receiving HIT both in the entire cohort (10-day survival: 98.6% versus 82.8%, p = 0.001; 30-day survival: 73.9% versus 64.3%, p = 0.032) and within the ACLF patients (10-day survival: 97.8% versus 78.6%, p = 0.001; 30-day survival: 73.3% versus 58.5%, p = 0.041). Remarkably, HIT increased survival independently of ACLF grade. Independent predictors of survival were age, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), ACLF grade, number of MARS sessions received, and intensity of MARS therapy. Conclusion: HIT with albumin dialysis may improve survival in patients with ACLF. Appropriate treatment schedules should be determined in future clinical trials.
High-CLDN4 ESCC cells harbor stem-like properties and indicate for poor concurrent chemoradiation therapy response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Cheng-Han , Li Hao-Yi , Liu Yu-Peng , Kuo Pei-Fung , Wang Wen-Ching , Lin Forn-Chia , Chang Wei-Lun , Sheu Bor-Shyang , Wang Yi-Ching , Hung Wan-Chun , Cheng Hui-Chuan , Yao Yun-Chin , Calkins Marcus J. , Hsiao Michael , Lu Pei-Jung 
Published: September 2019

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the major type of esophageal cancer in Asia and demonstrates poor survival rates following a therapeutic regimen. Methods: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation, progression, and treatment failure in cancers. Therefore, identification and characterization of CSCs may help to improve clinical outcomes for ESCC patients. Tumor sphere formation assay are performed to isolate cancer stem-like ESCC cells. QRT-PCR, tumor initiation, metastasis, CCRT treatment are used to evaluate ESCC cells’ stemness properties in vitro and in vivo. Results: The authors’ data demonstrates that cancer stem-like ESCC cells harbored stemness characteristics including self-renewal, differentiation, and transdifferentiation, and possess tumor initiation, metastasis, and treatment inefficiency properties. For the identification of useful biomarkers of cancer stem-like ESCC cells, the authors further identified that CLDN4 was upregulated in cancer stem-like ESCC cells when compared with bulk cancer cells. High-CLDN4 cells harbored stemness and cisplatin/concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) resistance properties and a high level of CLDN4 was correlated with poor prognosis and poor CCRT response in ESCC patients. Importantly, thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide (TTFD) decreased CLDN4 and attenuated stemness in ESCC cells, and TTFD combined with CCRT improved CCRT response in vivo. Conclusions: CLDN4 was suggested as prognostic and a CCRT response indicator for ESCC patients. TTFD combined with CCRT has potential to improve ESCC patient’s clinical outcomes in the future.
Controlling the AP Controller: Controller Performance Assessment and Modification
Authors: Hajizadeh Iman , Hobbs Nicole , Samadi Sediqeh , Sevil Mert , Rashid Mudassir , Brandt Rachel , Askari Mohammad Reza , Maloney Zacharie , Cinar Ali 
Published: September 2019

Background: Despite recent advances in closed-loop control of blood glucose concentration (BGC) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), online performance assessment and modification of artificial pancreas (AP) control systems remain a challenge as the metabolic characteristics of users change over time. Methods: A controller performance assessment and modification system (CPAMS) analyzes the glucose concentration variations and controller behavior, and modifies the parameters of the control system used in the multivariable AP system. Various indices are defined to quantitatively evaluate the controller performance in real time. Controller performance assessment and modification system also incorporates online learning from historical data to anticipate impending disturbances and proactively counteract their effects. Results: Using a multivariable simulation platform for T1D, the CPAMS is used to enhance the BGC regulation in people with T1D by means of automated insulin delivery with an adaptive learning predictive controller. Controller performance assessment and modification system increases the percentage of time in the target range (70-180) mg/dL by 52.3% without causing any hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia events. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the multivariable AP controller performance by using CPAMS.
The Association of Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Stroke in Patients on Hemodialysis: A Competing Risk Analysis
Authors: Findlay Mark , MacIsaac Rachael , MacLeod Mary Joan , Metcalfe Wendy , Sood Manish M. , Traynor Jamie P. , Dawson Jesse , Mark Patrick B. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Stroke is common in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with hemodialysis (HD) and associated with high mortality rate. In the general population, atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major risk factor for stroke and therapeutic anticoagulation is associated with risk reduction, whereas in ESRD the relationship is less clear. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the influence of AF on stroke rates and probability in those on HD following competing risk analyses. Design: A national record linkage cohort study. Setting: All renal and stroke units in Scotland, UK. Patients: All patients with ESRD receiving HD within Scotland from 2005 to 2013 (follow-up to 2015). Measurements: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were linked between the Scottish Renal Registry, Scottish Stroke Care Audit, and hospital discharge data. Stroke was defined as a fatal or nonfatal event and mortality derived from national records. Methods: Associations for stroke were determined using competing risk models: the cause-specific hazards model and the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazards model accounting for the competing risk of death in models of all stroke, ischemic stroke, and first-ever stroke. Results: Of 5502 patients treated with HD with 12 348.6-year follow-up, 363 (6.6%) experienced stroke. The stroke incidence rate was 26.7 per 1000 patient-years. Multivariable regression on the cause-specific hazard for stroke demonstrated age, hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.04 (1.03-1.05); AF, HR (95% CI) = 1.88 (1.25-2.83); prior stroke, HR (95% CI) = 2.29 (1.48-3.54), and diabetes, HR (95% CI) = 1.92 (1.45-2.53); serum phosphate, HR (95% CI) = 2.15 (1.56-2.99); lower body weight, HR (95% CI) = 0.99 (0.98-1.00); lower hemoglobin, HR (95% CI) = 0.88 (0.77-0.99); and systolic blood pressure (BP), HR (95% CI) = 1.01 (1.00-1.02), to be associated with an increased stroke rate. In contrast, the subdistribution HRs obtained following Fine and Gray regression demonstrated that AF, weight, and hemoglobin were not associated with stroke risk. In both models, AF was significantly associated with nonstroke death. Limitations: Our analyses derive from retrospective data sets and thus can only describe association not causation. Data on anticoagulant use are not available. Conclusions: The incidence of stroke in HD patients is high. The competing risk of “prestroke” mortality affects the relationship between AF and risk of future stroke. Trial designs for interventions to reduce stroke risk in HD patients, such as anticoagulation for AF, should take account of competing risks affecting associations between risk factors and outcomes.
Gas hydrate quantification in Walker Ridge block 313, Gulf of Mexico, from full-waveform inversion of ocean-bottom seismic data
Authors: Wang Jiliang , Jaiswal Priyank , Haines Seth S. , Yang Yihong , Hart Patrick E. , Wu Shingo 
Published: September 2019

The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Joint Industry Project Leg 2 logging-while-drilling data in Walker Ridge lease block 313 (WR313) in the GOM detected gas hydrate in coarse- and fine-grained sediments at sites WR313-G and WR313-H. The coarse-grained units are thin ([Formula: see text]) and highly saturated, whereas the fine-grained unit is thick (approximately 200 m) with low saturation and fracture-filling gas hydrate. Unlike its coarse-grained counterpart, the seismic character of the fine-grained unit does not clearly indicate the presence of gas hydrate, which would likely have remained undiscovered in the absence of drilling. In this paper, through frequency-domain acoustic full-waveform inversion (FWI) of ocean-bottom seismometer data along a 2D multichannel seismic transect near sites WR313-G and WR313-H, we detect and quantify gas hydrate in the fine-grained unit. Key results are as follows: First, the base of the gas hydrate stability zone, which is not obvious in the reflection profile, can be discerned in the FWI results. Second, the gas hydrate in the fine-grained unit is mainly confined to the area between two sets of opposite-dipping normal faults implying that the fault architecture may be partially responsible for this gas hydrate accumulation and distribution.
Sorção da sulfadiazina em solo urbano: experimentação e modelagem
Authors: Silva Júnior Emidio Dias , Coutinho Artur Paiva , Dos Santos Neto Severino Martins , De Gusmão da Cunha Rabelo Ana Emilia Carvalho , Dantas Antonino Antonio Celso , De Lima Valmir Felix , Salgueiro Gondim Manuella Virginia 
Published: September 2019

A interação dos poluentes na zona vadosa é fundamental para determinação do grau de vulnerabilidade da água subterrânea quando do transporte de contaminantes no solo. O presente trabalho apresenta a interação do antimicrobiano sulfaziadina (SDZ) em solo urbano na cidade do Recife. A cinética e isoterma de sorção da SDZ foram determinadas em quatro profundidade de um perfil de solo urbano. As concentrações da sulfadiazina foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com detecção por absorção ultravioleta. Os estudos de cinética demonstraram que a sorção foi rápida nas primeiras dez horas do período de contato entre o solo e a solução da SDZ. O equilíbrio foi alcançado com 24 horas de interação nas quatro camadas. O modelo de segunda ordem apresentou os melhores ajustes da cinética de sorção em todas as profundidades com valores de R¬2 entre 0,94 a 0,98. O modelo que melhor se adequou na representação das isotermas de sorção foi o modelo Linear. Os baixos valores de KD (1,3 a 1,9 L.kg-1) indicam alta mobilidade e elevado risco de contaminação das águas subterrâneas por esse composto.
Examining the Gathering of Nations Powwow and a NCCA Division I basketball game
Authors: Aicinena Steven , Ziyanak Sebahattin 
Published: September 2019

Powwows are ceremonial gatherings of North America’s indigenous peoples that deliver ritual focus, solidarity, collective identity, cohesion, and cultural persistence through song, dance, and social interaction. Powwows underwent significant transformations after indigenous peoples’ contact with European colonialists. The Gathering of Nations Powwow is a large intertribal contest powwow (LICP) that attracts over 3,500 dancers who compete for prize money in front of more than 15,000 spectators. This paper examines the construction of a large intertribal contest powwow and an NCAA Division I basketball game. The purpose of this study is to determine in what ways the structure of the Gathering of Nations Powwow and a New Mexico Lobo (NCAA Division I Institution) basketball game are similar and different in promotional and staging activities. This study focused on two questions “Are both LICPs and NCAA Division I basketball games rightfully considered spectacles?” And, “If LICPs are, indeed, spectacles, to what extent do they share the structural characteristics of sports spectacles such as NCAA Division I basketball games?” The participant observation method is utilized to make comparisons between the two events. All field ethnographic observations were conducted during the 2018 Gathering of Nations Powwow and a University of New Mexico men’s basketball game held during the 2018-19 season. We determined that the Gathering of Nations Powwow is a spectacle and that it is highly similar to an NCAA Division I basketball game in terms of its structure.
Laser-based imaging applications in turbid waters
Authors: Scholz Thomas , Laurenzis Martin , Christnacher Frank 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Underwater laser-based imaging systems and data-processing techniques matured during the past decade. Active imaging systems can, nowadays, be integrated into platforms like remote-operated vehicles (ROV) or autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV). This article gives an overview of different civil and naval applications in underwater imaging with respect to underwater laser scanning (ULS) and laser gated viewing (LGV). Special emphasis has to be given to the environmental conditions, for example, the influence of the local and seasonal dependence of the turbidity with regard to the optical underwater channel. On the basis of tank and sea experiments, advanced techniques for 3D laser oblique scanning (LOS) and possibilities of contrast enhancements for gated viewing are presented.
Minimum Wages and Nascent Entrepreneurship in the US
Authors: Kwapisz Agnieszka 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe effect of minimum wages on employment is one of the most widely studied and most controversial topics in labor economics and public policy but its impact on early startups is poorly understood and under-researched. In this manuscript, we investigate whether minimum wage rates correlate with the probability that a nascent startup hires employees and achieves profitability, a topic that has never been addressed before. We found negative but not significant correlation between the minimum wage rates and a nascent venture’s probability of hiring employees. However, female entrepreneurs were significantly less likely than male entrepreneurs to hire when faced with higher minimum wage rates. For ventures with employees, higher minimum wage rates were correlated with lower probability of achieving profitability vs. quitting the startup process.
Just End Poverty Now: The Case for a Global Minimum Income
Authors: Wells Thomas R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlobal GDP is more than 100 trillion dollars, yet 10 % of the world’s population still live in extreme poverty on less than $1.90 per day. No one should have to live like that: alleviating poverty is a minimal moral obligation implied by nearly every secular and religious moral system. Unfortunately, neither economic growth nor conventional international aid can be relied upon to fulfil this obligation. A global basic income programme that transferred $1 per day from the rich world to each poor person would eliminate extreme poverty directly and at negligible cost. It is the least we should do.
Morphological awareness of separable words among Chinese L2 learners
Authors: Shen Helen H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study investigated English-speaking Chinese L2 learners’ familiarity with, awareness, and conditional production of 12 high-frequency separable words in six commonly employed separable-use structures (AXB) at an American university. The participants included 60 students from first- to third-year Chinese classes. The results showed that students were exposed to the six high-frequency AXB structures from the beginning stage of their study and that this exposure increased linearly across three instructional levels. However, a significant increase in awareness and comprehension of the six AXB structures was not observed until students had completed 20 credit hours of Chinese study. Judging from the rewriting of erroneous sentences, the development of the accurate production of the six AXB structures was slow. The accuracy rate only reached 41% for students who had completed 26 credit hours of Chinese study. The major error that the first- and second-year students committed in rewriting the six AXB structures was to correct irrelevant components in the sentence. For the third-year students, the major error type was avoiding the use of AXB structures. Regression analysis showed that successful comprehension of AXB structures is the strongest predictor for their accurate production. Based on the study results, pedagogical interventions for improving the learning efficiency of separable words are recommended.
The effectiveness of a wiki-enhanced TBLT approach implemented at the syllabus level in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language
Authors: Zhang Shenglan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study examines the effectiveness of an approach for improving Chinese as a foreign language learners’ language proficiency, especially their speaking ability. Built upon the Educational Engineering Research Theory and its Distributed Design Model, this study used a wiki-enhanced Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) approach implemented at the syllabus level, taking into consideration various learning contexts. Different aspects of the design, such as how the wiki was used to extend the students’ learning beyond classroom, how the topics of the tasks were chosen and sequenced, and what strategies were adopted to motivate learners to interact with their co-learners and native speakers are discussed to provide insights on the use of TBLT in a more detailed way for practitioners. Findings show that the implementation of the TBLT syllabus with the support of the wiki significantly improved learners’ language proficiency as well as the fluency, accuracy, and speed of their story narration and the fluency of their problem-solving conversation.
Alignment effects of the continuation task on L2 Chinese writing
Authors: Zhang Li 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the alignment effects of the continuation task on L2 Chinese writing. 60 participants were divided into a continuation group and a summary writing group. The former was required to continue a text with its ending removed, while the latter was required to summarize the text. The effect of the tasks was measured by examining the CSL (Chinese as a second language) learners’ correct use of vocabulary and the key grammar structure: the ba construction (“把” 字句). The study found that the continuation group made significant improvement from the pretest to the posttest, while the summary writing group did not. Moreover, learners in the continuation writing group produced more sophisticated words than those in the summary writing group and used key grammar structures with a greater degree of creativity than those in the summary writing group. These findings provide evidence for the language learning potential of the continuation task, which shows a better effect than the summary writing task.
情感形容词的对外汉语教学: 认知隐喻理论视角
Authors: 毅 孙 , 彩云 贾 
Published: September 2019

提要
本文尝试将认知隐喻理论引入对外汉语词汇教学，探讨隐喻能力教学对汉语学习者情感形容词的学习效果。通过情感形容词的界定和特征描述，基于对 HSK 动态作文语料库的考察，笔者发现汉语学习者情感形容词的习得存在各类偏误。在 20 类情感形容词中有 10 类出现了一半或过半的偏误词汇数，偏误词汇用例大于 2 的情感类形容词高达 15 类。在认知隐喻理论的视域下，情感形容词概念隐喻有实体隐喻、方位隐喻和通感隐喻三种类型。情感形容词的隐喻性为我们从认知隐喻理论视角开展教学活动提供了契机。通过隐喻能力教学对比实验，并对测试结果进行详细分析与比较，发现实施认知隐喻教学的实验组测试成绩优于对比组。该实验结果表明：通过实施隐喻能力教学，培养学生的隐喻意识，能够有效提高情感形容词的学习效果，即隐喻能力教学对对外汉语学习者的情感形容词习得具有较大影响。基于此，本文从教学大纲、教材编写及教学实践三个方面，针对汉语学习者的情感形容词偏误，为对外汉语情感形容词教学提供切实可行的建议：首先，教学大纲制定者应扩充大纲中隐喻词汇的比例，并开设培养隐喻能力的相关课程。其次，教材编写者在编写词汇时要以培养汉语学习者的隐喻意识为宗旨，循序渐进，由浅入深，让汉语学习者能在大脑中自动建立两个概念域间的联系。最后，教师要将概念隐喻理论巧妙地融入对外汉语教学，强化学生的原型范畴意识，培养词汇扩展能力；通过建立意象图式提高学生的隐喻理解能力；鼓励学生将词汇释义与中国文化相联系，启发其自主分析能力。
述宾及述宾倒序结构直接作定语的语义制约
Authors: 学凤 应 , 丽萍 张 
Published: September 2019

提要
述宾黏合 VO 结构和倒序 OV 结构在陈述和指称语义的对立，导致了述宾黏合结构一般要倒序后才能直接作定语，构成 OVN 复合词，述宾倒序结构指称性更强。少数结构以 VON 为常态，如 “征求意见稿”，这是语用制约的结果，而且部分遵循了指称性的语义要求。单单式 VON 的生成，如 “碎纸机”，是韵律制约的结果，作为一个最小韵律词的 “单单式 VO” 的功能相当于一个词，具有较强指称性。修饰成分指称性越强，述宾及述宾倒序结构直接作定语构成的定中结构越稳定，指称性越弱，构成的定中结构越不稳定。指称性强弱是决定述宾及述宾倒序结构能否直接作定语的重要原因之一。
试论对外汉语阅读教学中的若干偏差: 以内容理解为核心的视角
Authors: 陶 炼 
Published: September 2019

提要
在阅读教学中，依据教学目的和教学对象等的不同，教学内容有所选择与侧重，是很自然、也是可以接受的；但是，无论如何选择或侧重，最终都应该、也必须围绕着并且服务于对阅读内容的理解。但由于这一阅读教学根本理念的缺失，在当下的对外汉语阅读教学中，存在着程度不一的多种教学偏差。本文分析了以下七种偏差现象：（一）偏重语言要素教学；（二）偏重扩大词汇量；（三）偏重孤立的阅读技巧教学；（四）片面追求阅读速度；（五）片面讲求不同的阅读方式；（六）以理解检测替代阅读教学；（七）以离散的、低认知层次的练习引导阅读理解。
Loved and feared in fortress Europe: Framing the European refugee crisis
Authors: Daalmans Serena , Schaap Gabi , Rovers Maureen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The European refugee crisis is an important topic on media, political, and public agendas. Due to its scope and impact, its continuing prevalence on the media-agenda and the divisiveness of public debate, new research is needed to understand the media’s framing of the issue. This study inductively analyzes framing of the refugee crisis of 2015–2016 by two Dutch newspapers. Portrayal of the refugee crisis consists of ten different frames and counter frames. The frames are communicated on the level of the refugee, on the level of the crisis as an event, and on a societal level. Results show that recent reporting on the refugee crisis is relatively nuanced and portrays the crisis from a variety of perspectives. Framing changes following certain transitory events, but only slight differences were found between popular and quality papers.