bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central banks under stress: Reputation, accountability and regulatory coherence
Authors: McPhilemy Samuel , Moschella Manuela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis symposium homes in on an area of public administration that has been through a period of significant change in the last ten years. Since the global financial crisis, central banks have expanded their operations in financial markets, buying up vast quantities of assets as part of expansive monetary policy strategies. They have also played a leading role in the reform of financial regulation and have been entrusted with enhanced authority to supervise financial institutions. This activity has taken place amid heightened political contestation, with central banks increasingly viewed as the quintessence of a technocratic mode of governance that eschews traditional democratic control. The purpose of this symposium is to consider how central banks’ reputation, accountability and regulatory roles have changed since the financial crisis, and what those changes tell us about the balance of power between independent regulatory agencies and elected policy‐makers.
Evaluation of a modified outpatient model for using propranolol to treat infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Putterman Elana , Wan Joy , Streicher Jenna L. , Yan Albert C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor infantile hemangiomas requiring treatment, existing recommendations advise initiation of propranolol followed by a 2‐hour period of blood pressure and heart rate monitoring, resulting in prolonged office visits for both families and clinicians.ObjectivesIn order to reduce visit times, we evaluate our current practice of at‐home or in‐office propranolol administration followed by in‐office vital sign monitoring.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 157 patients with infantile hemangiomas (IH) who initiated propranolol under this outpatient protocol. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were obtained at a baseline visit and 1‐2 hours after initial dose administration. We identified potential risk factors for clinically significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HR (defined as decrease of > 20 mm Hg and > 15 bpm, respectively) using logistic regression analysis, and adverse events were recorded.ResultsFifty‐five individuals (35.4%) showed a decrease in HR of more than 15 bpm, and 23 individuals (14.7%) showed a decrease in SBP of more than 20 mm Hg. Multivariable logistic regression suggested that younger age, history of preterm birth, and Caucasian race may slightly increase the odds of clinically significant changes in vital signs upon propranolol initiation. However, no clinically symptomatic adverse events occurred upon initiation of propranolol.ConclusionsVital sign monitoring may be important when starting propranolol treatment in younger or historically preterm patients. However, routine mandatory in‐office vital sign monitoring may not be necessary in healthy infants more than 45 weeks postconceptional age.
Non‐invasive ventilation for obese patients with chronic respiratory failure: Are two pressures always better than one?
Authors: Murphy Patrick B. , Suh Eui‐Sik , Hart Nicholas 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTObesity‐related respiratory failure is increasingly common but remains under‐diagnosed and under‐treated. There are several clinical phenotypes reported, including severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), isolated nocturnal hypoventilation with or without severe OSA and OSA complicating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The presence of hypercapnic respiratory failure is associated with poor clinical outcomes in each of these groups. While weight loss is a core aim of management, this is often unachievable, and treatment of sleep‐disordered breathing with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is the mainstay of clinical practice. Although there are few long‐term clinical efficacy trials, the lack of equipoise would prevent the utilization of an untreated control group. The current data support the use of PAP therapy to improve respiratory failure and is associated with improvements in health‐related quality of life, reduced healthcare utilization and reduced mortality. Both continuous PAP (CPAP) and non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) appear safe and effective in patients with obesity‐related respiratory failure and OSA, with or without COPD, and the current evidence would not support a single therapy choice in all patients. There are no studies of CPAP in patients with isolated nocturnal hypoventilation, and NIV would be the current recommendation in this patient group. Whichever starting therapy is used, titration should be performed to correct sleep‐disordered breathing and reverse chronic respiratory failure, with consideration of step‐down of the treatment based on a clinical re‐evaluation. In contrast, failure to reach physiological and clinical treatment targets should lead to the consideration of treatment escalation.
Development and Validation of the Client‐Reported Quality of Contraceptive Counseling Scale to Measure Quality and Fulfillment of Rights in Family Planning Programs
Authors: Holt Kelsey , Zavala Icela , Quintero Ximena , Hessler Danielle , Langer Ana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe developed the Quality of Contraceptive Counseling (QCC) Scale to improve measurement of client experiences with providers in the era of rights‐based service delivery. We generated scale items drawing on the previously published QCC Framework and qualitative research on women's preferences for counseling in Mexico, and refined them through cognitive interviews (n = 29) in two Mexican states. The item pool was reduced from 35 to 22 items after pilot testing using exit interviews in San Luis Potosí (n = 257). Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed three underlying dimensions (Information Exchange, Interpersonal Relationship, Disrespect and Abuse); this dimensionality was reproduced in Mexico City (n = 242) using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Item Response Theory analyses confirmed acceptable item properties in both states, and correlation analyses established convergent, predictive, and divergent validity. The QCC Scale and subscales fill a gap in measurement tools for ensuring high quality of care and fulfillment of human rights in contraceptive services, and should be evaluated and adapted in other contexts.
Law, campus policy, social movements, and sexual violence: Where do we stand in the #MeToomovement?
Authors: Gronert Nona Maria 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the last 8 years, activist pressure has increased attention to sexual violence at universities. Most recently, the #MeToo movement has widened the conversation about sexual violence. This increased public attention has coincided with changes in federal guidelines, state laws, and campus policies on sexual violence as well as social movement activity by survivor‐activists and emerging counter‐movements. I argue that sociologists—specifically researchers who study gender and/or law and society—are uniquely situated to contribute to the study of sexual violence on campus. I synthesize a growing sociological and interdisciplinary literature on sexual violence—legal changes, policy effects, and social movement struggles—in order to advocate that sociologists study laws, campus policies, and social movements simultaneously.
Was It Worth It? The Territorial Reform in the Canton of Glarus
Authors: Hofmann Roland , Rother Natanael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the financial impact of the 2011 reform of the local governments and jurisdictions in the canton of Glarus. After a popular vote 70 public entities were reorganized to form three large uniformed communes. Previous research showed that amalgamations do not automatically lead to savings in public expenditures and economies of scale. We empirically apply the synthetic control method and show that the territorial reform realized some savings in public expenditure. However, the effect of the reorganization of tasks and responsibilities between the canton and the communes was more influential. The reform must be understood as a horizontal and vertical venture that encompasses both the communes and the canton, much more far‐reaching than a pure local territorial reform.
Detection of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 phylogenetic clusters with multidrug resistance mutations among 2011 to 2017 blood donors from the highly endemic Northern Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Esashika Crispim Myuki Alfaia , da Guarda Reis Mônica Nogueira , Fraiji Nelson , Bello Gonzalo , Stefani Mariane Martins Araújo 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDThis study describes transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in blood donors diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV‐1) infection from 2011 to 2017 in three reference public blood centers from the Northern Brazilian Amazon.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a cross‐sectional study on HIV‐positive blood donors from HEMOAM, Manaus, Amazonas, AM (n = 198); HEMERON, Porto Velho, Rondônia, RO (n = 20); and HEMORAIMA, Boa Vista, Roraima, RR (n = 9). HIV‐1 pol sequences (protease, reverse transcriptase) were analyzed for drug resistance mutations (DRMs) using the Calibrated Population Resistance tool (Stanford). TDR/DRM clusters were investigated by phylogenetic analysis after removing positions associated with drug resistance of Subtype B sequences from untreated and treated subjects from Northern Brazil.RESULTSTransmitted drug resistance/DRM in blood donors was 11% (25 of 227), all of them from HEMOAM. Most blood donors with TDR/DRM had multiple and similar DRMs. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations predominated (10.1%), followed by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (5.3%) and protease inhibitor mutations (0.4%). Dual‐class NNRTI/NRTI mutations represented 4.8%. Three highly supported Subtype B monophyletic clades mostly composed by individuals from Amazonas with TDR/DRM mutations were identified. The largest transmission cluster contained 10 sequences, eight from HEMOAM and two sequences described previously (one from a treated subject from Amazonas and the other one from Roraima). This cluster was characterized by NRTI (D67N, T69D, T215S/F/L, K219Q) and NNRTI (K101H, K103 N, G190A) mutations. The other two transmission clades comprised only three and two sequences from HEMOAM sharing the E138A NNRTI mutation.CONCLUSIONSThe identification of transmission clusters of multidrug‐resistant viruses in blood donors from Amazonas highlight the need of continued monitoring of TDR/DRM and the importance of pretreatment genotyping in the highly endemic Amazonas state.
Effective mydriasis in juvenile loggerhead turtles(Caretta caretta) following topical administration of rocuronium bromide and 10% phenylephrine
Authors: Petritz Olivia A. , Westermeyer Hans D. , Whitehead Michelle C. , Christiansen Emily F. , Lohmann Kenneth J. , Lohmann Catherine M. F. , Lewbart Gregory A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the combined mydriatic effects of topical rocuronium bromide and phenylephrine in juvenile loggerhead turtles and identify any adverse effects associated with treatment.Animals studiedEleven juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta).ProceduresFour 20 μL drops of rocuronium bromide and four 20 μL drops of 10% phenylephrine were placed into the right eye at 2‐minute intervals of 5 turtles, while the same volume of saline was administered to six control turtles. A pupilometer recorded pupil measurements at rest and following a light stimulus at 2, 15, 30, 60, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300, and 360 minutes following delivery of the final drop to the ocular surface. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was also measured at similar time points.ResultsThe nonilluminated and light‐stimulated pupillary diameter of the right eye of treated turtles was significantly greater than baseline starting at 120 and 15 minutes, respectively. Light‐stimulated pupillary diameter of treated eyes was greater than that of control eyes from time 15 minutes until the end of the treatment period. No systemic side effects were noted over a 24 hours period following treatment and all turtles showed normal behavior and appetite. No mydriasis was noted in either eye at 24 hours and the anterior segment was normal.ConclusionsA combination of topical ophthalmic rocuronium bromide and 10% phenylephrine is safe and effective for mydriasis in juvenile loggerhead turtles.
Arthrodesis of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints to treat osteoarthritis in 17 horses
Authors: Chapman Hannah‐Sophie , Richardson Dean W. , Ortved Kyla F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe arthrodesis of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) or metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint with a locking compression plate (LCP) and a metallic tension band and report the outcome of horses treated for osteoarthritis (OA) with this technique.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsSeventeen horses with OA of the MCP or MTP joint treated with arthrodesis.MethodsMedical records (2004‐2017) of horses treated for OA with arthrodesis of the MCP or MTP joint with an LCP and metallic tension band were reviewed. Preoperative variables included age, sex, breed, affected limb, and lameness grade. Surgical variables included implants used, surgery time, postoperative angle of joint, intraoperative complications, and anesthetic recovery method. Outcome was obtained from medical records and phone interviews.ResultsLameness was scored as 4 out of 5 (range, 2‐4) in 13 of 17 horses. All horses survived to discharge and were alive >6 months postoperatively, without any report of long‐term complications. All horses were allowed unrestricted turnout, and 1 horse was lightly ridden. No postoperative infections or implant failures were reported. The only complications consisted of cast sores (n = 4).ConclusionArthrodesis of the MCP/MTP joint was associated with acceptable morbidity and good long‐term outcomes in these 17 horses with OA refractory to medical management.Clinical significanceThe morbidity and prognosis after fetlock arthrodesis for OA seem more favorable than reported in horses treated with traumatic disruption of the suspensory apparatus.
Quality of life of children with tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Fong Choong Yi , Ng Kexin , Kong Ann Nie , Ong Lai Choo , Rithauddin Mohamed Ahmad , Thong Meow Keong , Ganesan Vigneswari , Heng Hock Sin , Teh Chee Ming , Yahya Norazni 
Published: May 2019

Aim
Evaluation of impaired quality of life (QOL) of Malaysian children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and its possible risk factors.

Method
Cross-sectional study on 68 parents of Malaysian children aged 2–18 years with TSC. QOL was assessed using proxy-report Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) V.4.0, and scores compared with those from a previous cohort of healthy children. Parents also completed questionnaires on child behaviour (child behaviour checklist (CBCL)) and parenting stress (parenting stress index-short form). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine sociodemographic, medical, parenting stress and behavioural factors that impacted on QOL.

Results
The mean proxy-report PedsQL V.4.0 total scale score, physical health summary score and psychosocial health summary score of the patients were 60.6 (SD 20.11), 65.9 (SD 28.05) and 57.8 (SD 19.48), respectively. Compared with healthy children, TSC patients had significantly lower mean PedsQL V.4.0 total scale, physical health and psychosocial health summary scores (mean difference (95% CI): 24 (18–29), 20 (12–27) and 26 (21–31) respectively). Lower total scale scores were associated with clinically significant CBCL internalising behaviour scores, age 8–18 years and Chinese ethnicity. Lower psychosocial health summary scale scores were associated with clinically significant CBCL internalising behaviour scores, Chinese ethnicity or >1 antiepileptic drug (AED).

Conclusion
Parents of children with TSC reported lower PedsQL V.4.0 QOL scores in all domains, with psychosocial health most affected. Older children, those with internalising behaviour problems, of Chinese ethnicity or on >1 AED was at higher risk of lower QOL. Clinicians need to be vigilant of QOL needs among children with TSC particularly with these additional risk factors.
Outcome of vein of Galen malformation presenting in the neonatal period
Authors: Malarbi Stephanie , Gunn-Charlton Julia K , Burnett Alice C , Prentice Trisha M , Williams Amy , Mitchell Peter , Wray Alison , Hunt Rod W 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveVein of Galenaneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a rare but important congenital malformation presenting to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and with a change from surgical to endovascular management, survival for this condition has improved. However, there is little reported about the medical management decisions of infants with this condition and the associated long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. We aim to report a single centre experience of both acute treatment and long-term outcomes of VGAM for those infants admitted to our NICU soon after birth.DesignRetrospective cohort study over a 15-year period from 2001 to 2015 inclusive.SettingA quaternary NICU at The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.Participants24 newborn infants referred for management of VGAM. There were no eligibility criteria set for this study; all presenting infants were included.InterventionsNone.Main outcomes measuresClinical neuroimaging data were gathered. Surviving children were formally assessed with a battery of tests administered by a neuropsychologist and occupational therapist/physiotherapist at various ages across early to middle childhood.ResultsFifteen neonates with VGAM did not survive beyond their NICU admission. 10 of these were not offered endovascular intervention. Of the nine surviving infants, only one had a normal neurodevelopmental outcome.ConclusionsThe mortality of VGAM presenting in the neonatal period was high, and rates of normal neurodevelopmental outcome for survivors were low. These findings contribute to our understanding of which neonates should be treated and highlights the importance of providing clinical neurodevelopmental follow-up to survivors beyond their infant years.
A methodological survey on reporting of pilot and feasibility trials for physiotherapy interventions: a study protocol
Authors: Scola Luiz Felicio Cadete , Moseley Anne M , Thabane Lehana , Almeida Matheus , Costa Lucíola da Cunha Menezes 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionPilot and feasibility trials aim to test whether a full trial can be conducted or if any procedures must be changed for the full trial. Pilot trials must be reported in a transparent, accurate and complete way. In this report, we present a protocol for a methodological survey with the following aims: (1) to determine the percentage of physiotherapy trial reports which claim to be pilot or feasibility trials that evaluate feasibility, (2) to determine the aspect of feasibility evaluated in the primary objectives of the pilot or feasibility trials, (3) to describe the completeness of reporting of abstracts and full articles of pilot or feasibility trials using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials and (4) to investigate factors associated with completeness of reporting of pilot or feasibility trials.Methods and analysisReports of randomised controlled trials indexed in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) that claim to be pilot or feasibility trials and published in 2011–2017 will be included. Two independent reviewers will confirm eligibility and classify the aspect of feasibility being evaluated in the objectives of the included pilot or feasibility trials. Completeness of reporting of both the abstract and the full article will be evaluated using the CONSORT extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. The primary analysis will be a descriptive analysis about the reporting quality of abstracts and full texts of pilot and feasibility trials. We will use generalised estimating equation analysis to explore factors associated with completeness of reporting.Ethics and disseminationThe results of this study will be disseminated by presentation at conferences and will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Ethical approval is not necessary for this study.
Association between homocysteine, vitamin B12, folic acid and erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Chen Yang , Li Jie , Li Tianyu , Long Jianxiong , Liao Jinling , Wei Gong-Hong , Mo Zengnan , Cheng Jiwen 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesErectile dysfunction (ED) affects up to 53.4% of men aged 30–80 years. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between homocysteine (HCY), vitamin B12(B12), folic acid (FA) and ED.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingGuangxi, China.ParticipantsA total of 1381 participants who completed questionnaires were included, between September 2009 and December 2009.MeasuresED was evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function scores. Also, the values of HCY, B12 and FA were acquired. Then, regression and between-group analyses were performed.ResultsNo association between FA and ED was found. Significant correlations between HCY and ED were found—the relationships between these two parameters were most notable in men aged over 60 years and in men living alone (bachelors or bachelorhood). B12 levels were higher in men with ED (718.53±234.37 pg/mL vs 688.74±229.68, p=0.015). Using multinomial logistic regression analyses, B12 levels were related to mild ED (multivariate adjusted analysis: OR 1.620, 95% CI 1.141 to 2.300, p=0.007), especially among men aged 40–49 years (OR 2.907, 95% CI 1.402 to 6.026, p=0.004).ConclusionsWe report, for the first time, a relationship between B12 levels and ED. We also found specific cohorts of men for whom the relationship between HCY levels and ED is most prominent. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these relationships—these may ultimately result in new therapies for ED.