bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Anodic Oxidation Voltages on the Color and Corrosion Resistance of Commercially Pure Titanium (CP-Ti)
Authors: Felisha Kurniawan Kandice , Ulfah Ika Maria , Kozin Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

The effect of anodic oxidation (or anodizing) voltages on the color and corrosion resistance of pure titanium was studied. In this experiment, a commercially-pure titanium was used. To create an "illusion of color," anodizing process modified the oxide layer on the surface of titanium. Because of an interference effect similar to that of a prism, the titanium oxide layer gives the perception of color. Light reflects at different angles from the oxide layer and the underlying titanium, and these reflections interfere with each other. Certain wavelengths of light cancel or merge, resulting in the perception of color from the remaining light. It was concluded that when we use a higher voltage to anodize the titanium, the corrosion rate will increase. It was observed that using 10V gives us the most optimum resistance. For surface roughness, using 40V in both KOH and DAP solutions give us the highest roughness data. Due to the high amount of voltage used in anodizing the titanium, the coating got thicker in the surface and it affects the roughness. The data have shown that the corrosion rate and surface roughness were inversely proportional.
Cross-Screw Fixation in Isolated Medial Malleolar Fractures
Authors: Esenyel Cem Zeki , Demir Tugcan , Karaca Halil , Kalkar İsmail 
Published: November 2024

Background: Isolated medial malleolar fractures are observed less often than are lateral malleolar fractures, bimalleolar fractures, and trimalleolar fractures. The aim of treatment is to provide anatomical reduction, protect this reduction until the fracture heals, and to regain normal ankle function. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients with isolated medial malleolus fracture treated with cross-screw fixation.
Methods: The study included 13 patients: 9 males with a mean age of 37.1 years (range, 25–64 years) and 4 females with a mean age of 40.2 years (range, 24–62 years) who were treated with the cross-screw fixation method for an isolated medial malleolar fracture. The fracture union status was evaluated on the 3-month postoperative radiographs, and the functional outcomes with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Scale (AOFAS) ankle score.
Results: The mean AOFAS score was 82 at 3 months postoperatively, evaluated as an excellent outcome in 2 patients, good in 9, and fair in 2. At the 24th month postoperatively, the mean AOFAS score was determined to be 92.2, evaluated as excellent in 11 patients and good in 2. On palpation of the medial malleolus, the mean VAS pain score was 2 (range, 1–3.8) at 3 months postoperatively, and a mean of 0.6 (range, 0.2–3) at 24 months.
Conclusions: Cross-screw fixation can be preferred for the fixation of isolated medial malleolar fractures as it causes less soft-tissue damage because it can be performed percutaneously, and the screw head has a low profile, thereby eliminating the need for a Kirschner wire to be applied together with the screw to prevent rotational deformity.
Cirsilineol improves anesthesia/surgery-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction through attenuating oxidative stress and modulating microglia M1/M2 polarization
Authors: Du Junli , Chen Chao , Chen Jie 
Published: November 2024

Background
Cirsilineol is a trimethoxy and dihydroxy flavonoid isolated from plant species such as Artemisia vestita and has a variety of pharmacological properties. This study analyzed whether cirsilineol could prevent postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).

Methods
A POCD mouse model induced by anesthesia/surgery induction and a cell model established with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced microglia BV-2 were employed to explore the efficacy of cirsilineol on POCD. The cognition function of the mice were assessed by carrying out behavioral tests (Morris water maze test and Y-maze test). We assessed the activation and polarization status of microglia using immunofluorescence analysis and detected the expression levels of CD86 and CD206 using the quantitative PCR (qPCR). Subsequently, cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay and apoptosis was assessed using Calcein-AM/PI staining. Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in plasma and cell culture medium were detected using chemiluminescence. Finally, the phosphorylation levels of JAK/STAT signaling pathway-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot.

Results
Cirsilineol reduced the escape latency and times of crossing island and increased spontaneous alternation (SA) rate, restoring the cognitive dysfunctions of POCD-modeled mice. Meanwhile, POCD elevated CD86 expression and malondialdehyde content and lowered the level of SOD; however, cirsilineol promoted CD206 expression and generation of SOD and inhibited malondialdehyde production. In H2O2-induced microglia BV-2, cirsilineol treatment increased SOD content and suppressed the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, modulating microglia M1/M2 polarization and JAK/STAT pathway.

Conclusion
Cirsilineol prevented against POCD by attenuating oxidative stress and modulating microglia M1/M2 polarization, providing novel insights for the management of POCD.
Wavelet transform-based mode decomposition for EEG signals under general anesthesia
Authors: Yamochi Shoko , Yamada Tomomi , Obata Yurie , Sudo Kazuki , Kinoshita Mao , Akiyama Koichi , Sawa Teiji 
Published: November 2024

Background
Mode decomposition methods are used to extract the characteristic intrinsic mode function (IMF) from various multidimensional time series signals. We analyzed an electroencephalogram (EEG) dataset for sevoflurane anesthesia using two wavelet transform-based mode decomposition methods, comprising the empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and wavelet mode decomposition (WMD) methods, and compared the results with those from the previously reported variational mode decomposition (VMD) method.

Methods
To acquire the EEG data, we used the software application EEG Analyzer, which enabled the recording of raw EEG signals via the serial interface of a bispectral index (BIS) monitor. We also created EEG mode decomposition software to perform empirical mode decomposition (EMD), VMD, EWT, and WMD operations.

Results
When decomposed into six IMFs, the EWT enables narrow band separation of the low-frequency bands IMF-1 to IMF-3, in which all central frequencies are less than 10 Hz. However, in the upper IMF of the high-frequency band, which has a center frequency of ≥ 10 Hz, the dispersion within the frequency band covered was widespread among the individual patients. In WMD, a narrow band of clinical interest is specified using a bandpass filter in a Meyer wavelet filter bank within a specific mode-decomposition discipline. When compared with the VMD and EWT methods, the IMF that was decomposed via WMD was accommodated in a narrow band with only a small variance for each patient. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that the frequency characteristics of the IMFs obtained from WMD best tracked the changes in the BIS upon emergence from general anesthesia.

Conclusions
The WMD can be used to extract subtle frequency characteristics of EEGs that have been affected by general anesthesia, thus potentially providing better parameters for use in assessing the depth of general anesthesia.
Electrocoagulation in Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Heavy Metal and Pollutant Removal
Authors: Krishnamurthy Bhavya Devanooru , Puttaraju Likitha Mukkundur , Veeregowda Pallavi , Guruprasad Ruchitha Prasad , Balakrishna Lakshmi Shyarahalli 
Published: November 2024

Population explosion, urbanization, and industrialization have resulted in the generation of many types of wastewaters. One of the most crucial aspects of water treatment is the elimination of pollutants/contaminants from wastewaters, as numerous industries cause environmental pollution. The rising scarcity of freshwater quality and quantity is a global concern. Discharging untreated wastewater into water bodies causes bad odour, nuisance and adverse impacts on human health, ecosystem and the world economy. Electrocoagulation (EC) is gaining ground as a potential electrochemical technique to treat wastewater due to its versatility, environmental compatibility and several other advantages. It is evident from the thorough literature review that electrocoagulation is the most frequently used and proficient process for the treatment of wastewaters containing pollutants/contaminants. During electrocoagulation in the electrochemical reactor, sacrificial anodes dissolute to release active coagulant flocs into the water/wastewater. During electrolytic reactions hydrogen gas evolves at the cathode. Many treatment methods, including adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation/flocculation, and ion-exchange, advanced oxidation process, Moving Bed Bio-reactor, Sequencing Batch Reactor, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket, Trickling Filter, Rotating Biological Contactors are used to remove pollutants/contaminants from water/wastewater. These aforementioned methods are capital intensive, require large areas, chemicals, and a high level of instrumentation and generate secondary sludge, which poses a risk to the environment without proper disposal. To overcome these drawbacks, Electrocoagulation to treat water/wastewater can be considered. This review article focuses on understanding the role of electrochemical coagulation technique in treating wastewater and the effects of different system characteristics and operating parameters. The first few sections of this article help readers quickly understand the adverse impacts of untreated wastewater and the importance of electrochemical coagulation in water/wastewater treatment. The later sections discuss the chemical reactions, mechanisms, and effects of different operating parameters in the electrochemical reactor, which contribute to the potential removal of pollutants/contaminants from water/wastewater. It also includes a section snippet about microplastics removal and three-dimensional electrocoagulation technique which is the latest and attention gaining technique in wastewater treatment. This article includes facts and findings considered from the published research and/or review articles.
Assessment of Different Organic Manures on Yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica Plenck.) cv. KTS-1 under Bundelkhand Climatic Condition
Authors: Dushyant  , Singh Harpal , Kumar Vinit , Abhishek  , Pateriya Aakash , Yadav Sanjeev , Karishma Km Ku 
Published: November 2024

Aims: The organic content in manure helps soil retain moisture, increases gas exchange, and introduces beneficial bacteria, loosens clayey soil, promoting root growth. Soil with a higher organic content is more resistant to erosion and produces superior crops. Using organic manure decreases farming's environmental impact. Unlike synthetic fertilizers, it recycles waste materials, nourishes the soil, and nurtures crops.
Methods: This experiment was carried out during Rabi 2023-24 at the Organic Research farm Kargunwan ji, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bundelkhand University Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh). Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italicaPlenck.) cv. KTS-1 was sown under randomized block design (RBD) with 11 treatment viz., Control, Vermicompost 100%, Cow litter 100%, Pressmud 100%, Vermicompost 75%, Cow litter 75%, Pressmud 75%, Vermicompost 50%+Cow litter 50%, Cow litter 50%+Press mud 50%, Pressmud 50%+Vermi 50%, Pressmud 33%+Cow litter 33%+Vermi 33% with 3 replication accommodating spacing (60 × 45) cm2,plot size (2.4 × 1.8) m = 4.32 m2 with total gross experimental area of (23.5 x 9.6) m = 225.06 m2.
Results: Results shows thatat harvest, treatment T10 took to the minimum curd initiation at 53.10 days, compared to the control plot at 68.07 days. Similarly, days to 50% curd initiation and maturity were also shorter in T10, at 67.03 days and 80.13 days, respectively, while the control plot took (78.03 and 96.13) days. Ttreatment T10 produced the largest curd diameter (14.78 cm) and weight (321.03 g), significantly surpassing the control plot (6.37) cm diameter and (138.43) g weight. Overall, T10 yielded (321.03) q/ha, markedly higher than the control plot (138.43) q/ha, demonstrating significant improvements in broccoli yield and quality.
Conclusion: The results clearly revealed that the application of organic treatments, particularly T10 (Pressmud 33% + Cow litter 3% + Vermi 33%), significantly enhanced the yield and quality of broccoli. This treatment resulted in faster curd initiation and maturity, larger curd diameter, and increased curd weight compared to the control plot. The findings indicate that the strategic use of organic manure can optimize broccoli production, suggesting a viable approach for improving crop outcomes in sustainable agriculture.
Independent of EPR Effect: A Smart Delivery Nanosystem for Tracking and Treatment of Nonvascularized Intra‐Abdominal Metastases
Authors: Zhao Lingzhi , Yuan Wei , Li Junyao , Yang Liqiang , Su Yaoquan , Peng Juanjuan , Chen Rui , Tham Huijun Phoebe , Chen Hongzhong , Lim Wei Qi , Xiang Huijing , Xing Pengyao , Li Fuyou , Zhao Yanli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNanoparticle‐based delivery systems (NDS) have impacted the field of cancer therapy on account of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect that promotes passive accumulation in tumors through the tumor vasculature after intravenous (IV) administration. However, transplanted tumor xenografts on animal models used to justify the feasibility of EPR effect are quite different from clinical tumors in many aspects, a fact that becomes an impediment for NDS to succeed clinical trials. Particularly, early‐stage tumor metastases are usually nonvascularized and incapable of conforming the EPR effect after IV injection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop smart NDS to deliver drugs in an EPR‐independent route. Herein, an NDS‐based treatment approach for intra‐abdominal metastases from ovarian carcinoma is reported. Instead of IV injection, intraperitoneal (IP) injection was employed to directly apply the NDS to the metastatic lesions. The NDS was tailor‐made with targeting groups to actively target the tumor nidus and redox‐responsive drug release to reduce systematic toxicity. Comparing with IV administration, the IP injected NDS could be enriched in metastatic tumor more efficiently, leading to superior therapeutic outcome in vivo. This study provides a successful protocol of EPR‐independent NDS‐based cancer treatment, which may facilitate the clinical translation of nanoparticle‐based cancer therapeutics.
A Self‐Sacrificing Dual‐Template Strategy to Heteroatom‐Enriched Porous Carbon Nanosheets with High Pyridinic‐N and Pyrrolic‐N Content for Oxygen Reduction Reaction and Sodium Storage
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Qin Jinwen , Zheng Lirong , Guo Donglei , Cao Minhua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractControllable synthesis of 2D carbon nanosheets with high heteroatom‐doping level, large specific surface area, and hierarchically pore structure is difficult and desired. In this work, a novel and simple self‐sacrificing in situ formed dual‐template strategy is first developed to synthesize N/S codoped hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets. The in‐situ formed g‐C3N4 and amorphous ZnO act as self‐sacrificing templates on account of their thermal decomposition and evaporation at higher temperature. The N/S codoped hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets simultaneously possess high heteroatom‐doping level (N: 10.51 wt%; S: 1.71 wt%), large specific surface area (904.63 m2 g−1), and abundant hierarchically porous structure. Particularly, this material possesses a high content of pyridinic‐N and pyrrolic‐N configuration (65.66%). These unique structure advantages of N/S codoped hierarchically porous carbon nanosheets contribute to high oxygen reduction electrocatalytic activity in both basic and acidic environments. Additionally, as the anode material for sodium‐ion batteries, the material also displays a high reversible capacity of 270.1 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 and high stability (160.1 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at 1000 mA g−1 with a capacity retention of 82.3%). These results indicate a great potential of the material in energy conversion and storage applications.
Design of Paired Pouch Motors for Robotic Applications
Authors: Oh Namsoo , Park Yeong Jae , Lee Seongbok , Lee Haneol , Rodrigue Hugo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe performance of soft linear actuators will determine the capabilities of future soft robots, and any actuator that can produce larger deformations and forces with a low weight and using lower pressures could potentially become ubiquitous in the field. In this work, the design of paired pouch motors that can produce a maximum contraction ratio of 41.9% and of 31% with a 10 kg payload is presented. The design of higher‐order pairings of pouch motors is demonstrated to produce even larger deformations, and this basic concept is also applied to serial pneumatic artificial muscles to produce a contraction ratio as high as 51.78%. This concept can be applied to other soft actuators that produce a lateral expansion to produce a longitudinal contraction. Paired pouch motors are also applied to a jointed soft robotic arm where a single pouch motor is sufficient to produce a joint deformation of 120° at a pressure of 100 kPa with a tip payload of 300 g. Paired pouch motors have a combination of characteristics including ease of manufacturing, low weight, and low cost paired with good actuation performance that could make it one of the leading actuator design in the field of soft robotics.
In Situ Activating Strategy to Significantly Boost Oxygen Electrocatalysis of Commercial Carbon Cloth for Flexible and Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Yuan Zhongke , Fang Zhengsong , Jian Junhua , Li Jing , Yang Meijia , Mo Chunshao , Zhang You , Hu Xuanhe , Li Ping , Wang Shuangyin , Hong Wei , Zheng Zhikun , Ouyang Gangfeng , Chen Xudong , Yu Dingshan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn in situ strategy to simultaneously boost oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution (ORR/OER) activities of commercial carbon textiles is reported and the direct use of such ubiquitous raw material as low‐cost, efficient, robust, self‐supporting, and bifunctional air electrodes in rechargeable Zn‐air batteries is demonstrated. This strategy not only furnishes carbon textiles with a large surface area and hierarchical meso‐microporosity, but also enables efficient dual‐doping of N and S into carbon skeletons while retaining high conductivity and stable monolithic structures. Thus, although original carbon textile has rather poor catalytic activity, the activated textiles without loading other active materials yield effective ORR/OER bifunctionality and stability with a much lower reversible overpotential (0.87 V) than those of Pt/C (1.10 V) and RuO2 (1.02 V) and many reported metal‐free bifunctional catalysts. Importantly, they can concurrently function as current collectors and as ORR/OER catalysts for rechargeable aqueous and flexible solid‐state Zn‐air batteries, showing excellent cell performance, long lifetime, and high flexibility.
From a Natural Polymer to Relevant NAG‐NAM Precursors
Authors: Carvalho Luísa C. R. , Queda Fausto , Almeida Cátia V. , Filipe Sérgio R. , Marques M. Manuel B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHerein we report a novel and atom‐economical route towards an advanced intermediate of a synthetically challenging disaccharide of N‐acetylglucosamine (NAG)‐N‐acetylmuramic (NAM) disaccharide units, linked via [NAG‐(β‐1,4)‐NAM] linkage, the basic carbohydrate skeleton of the bacterial peptidoglycan. A simple synthetic scheme was developed in which a fully protected chitobiose, obtained on a gram scale from chitin, was converted into an advanced precursor of NAG‐NAM in 5 steps. The intermediate prepared was obtained from Chitin, a naturally abundant polymer, taking advantage of the chitobiose β‐1,4 glycosidic bond, which avoids a difficult step for the disaccharide assembly. This intermediate constitutes of a versatile scaffold that allows further derivatization, with impact in the glycobiology field.
Intramolecular Charge Transfer Controls Switching Between Room Temperature Phosphorescence and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence
Authors: Chen Chengjian , Huang Rongjuan , Batsanov Andrei S. , Pander Piotr , Hsu Yu‐Ting , Chi Zhenguo , Dias Fernando B. , Bryce Martin R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChemical modification of phenothiazine‐benzophenone derivatives tunes the emission behavior from triplet states by selecting the geometry of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state. A fundamental principle of planar ICT (PICT) and twisted ICT (TICT) is demonstrated to obtain selectively either room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), respectively. Time‐resolved spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) investigations on polymorphic single crystals demonstrate the roles of PICT and TICT states in the underlying photophysics. This has resulted in a RTP molecule OPM, where the triplet states contribute with 89 % of the luminescence, and an isomeric TADF molecule OMP, where the triplet states contribute with 95 % of the luminescence.
A Solid‐Phase Approach to Accessing Bisthioether‐Stapled Peptides Resulting in a Potent Inhibitor of PRC2 Catalytic Activity
Authors: Zhang Gan , Barragan Flavia , Wilson Khadija , Levy Nissim , Herskovits Adam , Sapozhnikov Milana , Rodríguez Yoel , Kelmendi Leutrim , Alkasimi Haleem , Korsmo Hunter , Chowdhury Maisha , Gerona‐Navarro Guillermo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStapled peptides have emerged as a new class of therapeutics to effectively target intractable protein–protein interactions. Thus, efficient and versatile methods granting easy access to this class of compounds and expanding the scope(s) of the currently available ones are of great interest. Now, a solid phase approach is described for the synthesis of bisthioether stapled peptides with multiple architectures, including single‐turn, double‐turn, and double‐stapled macrocycles. This method allows for ligation with all‐hydrocarbon linkers of various lengths, avoiding the use of unnatural amino acids and expensive catalysts, and affords cyclopeptides with remarkable resistance to proteolytic degradation. The potential of this procedure is demonstrated by applying it to generate a stapled peptide that shows potent in vitro inhibition of methyltransferase activity of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) of proteins.
Transition‐Metal‐Free [4+3]‐Cycloaddition of ortho‐Quinone Methides and Isomünchnones: Catalytic and Diastereoselective Assembly of Oxa‐bridged Oxazocine Scaffolds
Authors: Lam Heather , Qureshi Zafar , Wegmann Marcus , Lautens Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCycloadditions are powerful processes to synthesize complex polycyclic scaffolds. Herein, we disclose a [4+3]‐cycloaddition between an in situ generated ortho‐quinone methide and an isomünchnone to yield oxa‐bridged oxazocine cores, generating N2 and H2O as the sole by‐products. Using only catalytic amounts of camphorsulfonic acid, it is possible to generate both reactive intermediates in one step, eliminating the need for rhodium catalysts generally employed for isomünchnone formation. Spectroscopic data and X‐ray crystallography indicate the formation of the syn diastereomer, with the main side‐product arising from a hydrate participating in a competing [4+2]‐cycloaddition pathway.