bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do biodegradable plastics increase public acceptance of littering?
Authors: Dilkes-Hoffman Leela , Lant Paul , Ross Helen , Pratt Steven , Laycock Bronwyn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study offers much-needed evidence in the debate over whether introducing biodegradable plastics could lead to increased public acceptance of littering. We show that there is validity to the concerns being raised but also that this outcome is not inevitable. We investigated perspectives on leaving conventional plastics, biodegradable plastics and paper in the natural environment, as part of a large-scale survey undertaken across four countries (the Netherlands, Australia, India and the Philippines, with over 1,000 respondents per country). The results show that opinions vary markedly between countries. In the Netherlands, more than 80% of respondents do not think it is okay to leave a food wrapper in the natural environment, regardless of the material it is made from, and responses are not influenced by beliefs regarding the persistence of different materials in the environment. It appears that the use of biodegradable plastics is unlikely to increase acceptance of littering in such a culture. In contrast, responses in India, the Philippines and Australia differ based on the type of material and by how long a respondent believes the material will last in the environment. So, the introduction of biodegradable plastics could increase acceptance of littering unless a general societal message that ‘no packaging belongs in the environment’ is communicated clearly.
How to supply more solar energy to reactive sites for highly efficient artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiko , Morikawa Takeshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis mimics the function of natural photosynthesis, producing solar fuels from only CO2 and water using solar energy. Hence, it is a promising technology to reduce net CO2 emission. The first step of the artificial photosynthetic production is harvesting solar energy to supply energetic charge carriers, which is common to solar cells (SCs) used for solar photovoltaics. In this Review, we discuss the means to improve the efficiencies of the first step. The steadiest means is to split solar spectrum into plural ranges using plural light-absorbing materials with different bandgaps. Indeed, this means has been successfully applied to solar photovoltaics to realize highly efficient multijunction SCs. We review concrete implementations of the solar-spectrum splitting on the three types of the artificial photosynthetic devices: the combination of SCs and electrochemical reactors, photoelectrochemical reactors using photoelectrodes, and photocatalytic reactors. In particular, we highlight the similarities and differences in the design criteria between the artificial photosynthetic devices and SCs used for solar photovoltaics; the differences originate from that the former operates at a specific narrow voltage (or carrier energy) range slightly higher than the thermodynamic threshold of the target reaction whereas the latter at the maximal power (product of voltage and current) point. Application of new concepts originally developed for solar photovoltaics including photon upconversion, two-step excitation via intermediate bands, and hot-carrier extraction would be attractive, in particular for the photocatalysts to balance the high efficiency and simple configuration. Some of these concepts on the photocatalysts have been proven, however, not yet improved the performance. Thus, this Review serves as a guide for the strategies to supply more solar energy to the reactive sites. Technological developments based on these strategies could accelerate the practical and widespread use of artificial photosynthesis, contributing to solving the global warming problem.
Optimized ternary GNRFET-based n-trit full adder with redefined operators
Authors: Orouji Maedeh , Gholipour Morteza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Multi-valued logic (MVL), specifically three-level logic, has garnered the interest of digital system developers due to its potential benefits. MVL enables larger data representation using the same number of logic bits, resulting in smaller chip area requirements. The utilization of graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors (GNRFET) in MVL circuit development holds considerable promise, primarily due to the ability to control threshold voltage through graphene nanoribbon (GNR) width manipulation. This study introduces a new design for logic operators, including a 3:1 multiplexer, ternary full-adder (TFA), and 4- and 8-trit ternary ripple carry adders (TRCA) using GNRFETs. This approach uses multiplexers as selection devices and operators as inputs to perform desired operation. We performed comparative analysis of GNRFET-based ternary multiplexers and adders, considering delay, power, and energy as evaluation metrics. The proposed TFA achieves 50.4% improvement in PDP compared to the studied ternary full adders. Moreover, the suggested TRCA scheme enhances PDP by at least 11.65%, compared to studied designs, employing multiplexers to select desired operators. The simulation and analysis were conducted using the HSPICE tool with a 32-nm GNRFET model.
Wake model selection in offshore wind energy: balancing efficiency and cost in Indian offshore wind farms
Authors: Anangapal Hari Bhaskaran , Victor Kirubakaran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the critical need for efficient offshore wind energy utilization in India, focusing on the impact of different wake models on turbine performance and financial viability. By evaluating models such as TurbOPark and Deep Array Wake Loss (DAWL), we examined their effectiveness in predicting wake losses and optimizing turbine layouts in offshore subzones. The findings reveal that higher wind farm capacity densities lead to significant differences in performance across models. The TurbOPark model predicts the highest array losses, resulting in the lowest capacity utilization factors (CUF) and highest levelized cost of energy (LCoE), reflecting its conservative nature. In contrast, the Modified Park and Eddy Viscosity models consistently estimate lower array losses, leading to lower LCoE and reduced financial burdens on the government, particularly when LCoE is fixed. These results underscore the importance of selecting appropriate wake models that balance cost efficiency with accurate performance predictions. The study highlights the need for refining wake models with high-resolution data and complex environmental factors to optimize wind farm design and enhance energy production, especially in emerging markets like India.
Microstructure and mechanical performance of the YSZ/Al2O3 hybrid surface composite on AZ31 Mg alloy by friction stir processing
Authors: Mohankumar Ashokkumar , Packkirisamy Vignesh , Thirugnanasambandam Arunkumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aims to fabricate the hybrid yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)/Al2O3 surface composite on the AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy through friction stir processing (FSP). The base alloy center surface was turned to provide a 1 × 2 mm groove to fabricate the friction-stirred surface composite using the tapered cylindrical tool. The microstructural and mechanical behavior of the hybrid surface composite (FHSC) results were compared with the Al2O3-reinforced surface composite (FASC), the FSP-treated sample, and the base alloy. In terms of microhardness performance, the FHSC exhibits a 10% improvement over the FASC, a 32% improvement over the FSP treated alloy, and a 95% improvement over the base alloy. Additional FHSC samples exhibit improved impact resistance of around 30% over the FASC, 81% over the FSP treatment, and 226% over the base alloy. Furthermore, FHSC samples outperform FASC by about 15%, FSP-treated alloys by 59%, and base alloys by 95% in terms of tensile strength augmentation. This is due to the synergistic effects of both Al2O3 and YSZ particles, which significantly strengthen the interfacial bonding between the matrix. This results in substantially enhanced interface adhesive behavior between the base alloy and ceramic particles and leads to enhanced mechanical characteristics.
CosGeneGate selects multi-functional and credible biomarkers for single-cell analysis
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Long Wenxin , Cao Zhiyuan , Wang Yuge , He Chuan Hua , Zhang Le , Strittmatter Stephen M , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Motivation: Selecting representative genes or marker genes to distinguish cell types is an important task in single-cell sequencing analysis. Although many methods have been proposed to select marker genes, the genes selected may have redundancy and/or do not show cell-type-specific expression patterns to distinguish cell types. Results: Here, we present a novel model, named CosGeneGate, to select marker genes for more effective marker selections. CosGeneGate is inspired by combining the advantages of selecting marker genes based on both cell-type classification accuracy and marker gene specific expression patterns. We demonstrate the better performance of the marker genes selected by CosGeneGate for various downstream analyses than the existing methods with both public datasets and newly sequenced datasets. The non-redundant marker genes identified by CosGeneGate for major cell types and tissues in human can be found at the website as follows: https://github.com/VivLon/CosGeneGate/blob/main/marker gene list.xlsx.
iHDSel software: The price equation and the population stability index to detect genomic patterns compatible with selective sweeps. An example with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Carvajal-Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A large number of methods have been developed and continue to evolve for detecting the signatures of selective sweeps in genomes. Significant advances have been made, including the combination of different statistical strategies and the incorporation of artificial intelligence (machine learning) methods. Despite these advances, several common problems persist, such as the unknown null distribution of the statistics used, necessitating simulations and resampling to assign significance to the statistics. Additionally, it is not always clear how deviations from the specific assumptions of each method might affect the results. In this work, allelic classes of haplotypes are used along with the informational interpretation of the Price equation to design a statistic with a known distribution that can detect genomic patterns caused by selective sweeps. The statistic consists of Jeffreys divergence, also known as the population stability index, applied to the distribution of allelic classes of haplotypes in two samples. Results with simulated data show optimal performance of the statistic in detecting divergent selection. Analysis of real severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 genome data also shows that some of the sites playing key roles in the virus’s fitness and immune escape capability are detected by the method. The new statistic, called JHAC, is incorporated into the iHDSel (informed HacDivSel) software available at https://acraaj.webs.uvigo.es/iHDSel.html.
Linking molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences: a primer
Authors: Grah Rok , Guet Calin C , Tkačik Gasper , Lagator Mato 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A major obstacle to predictive understanding of evolution stems from the complexity of biological systems, which prevents detailed characterization of key evolutionary properties. Here, we highlight some of the major sources of complexity that arise when relating molecular mechanisms to their evolutionary consequences and ask whether accounting for every mechanistic detail is important to accurately predict evolutionary outcomes. To do this, we developed a mechanistic model of a bacterial promoter regulated by 2 proteins, allowing us to connect any promoter genotype to 6 phenotypes that capture the dynamics of gene expression following an environmental switch. Accounting for the mechanisms that govern how this system works enabled us to provide an in-depth picture of how regulated bacterial promoters might evolve. More importantly, we used the model to explore which factors that contribute to the complexity of this system are essential for understanding its evolution, and which can be simplified without information loss. We found that several key evolutionary properties—the distribution of phenotypic and fitness effects of mutations, the evolutionary trajectories during selection for regulation—can be accurately captured without accounting for all, or even most, parameters of the system. Our findings point to the need for a mechanistic approach to studying evolution, as it enables tackling biological complexity and in doing so improves the ability to predict evolutionary outcomes.
Combined genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses provide insights into the fruit development of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria)
Authors: He Xuelian , Zheng Yanyan , Yang Songguang , Wang Ying , Lin Yu’e , Jiang Biao , Xie Dasen , Liu Wenrui , Peng Qingwu , Zuo Jinhua , Wang Min 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl) is a widely distributed Cucurbitaceae species, but gaps and low-quality assemblies have limited its genomic study. To address this, we assembled a nearly complete, high-quality genome of the bottle gourd (Pugua) using PacBio HiFi sequencing and Hi-C correction. The genome, being 298.67 Mb long with a ContigN50 of 28.55 Mb, was identified to possess 11 chromosomes, 11 centromeres, 18 telomeres, and 24,439 predicted protein-coding genes; notably, gap-free telomere-to-telomere assembly was accomplished for seven chromosomes. Based on the Pugua genome, the transcriptomic and metabolomic combined analyses revealed that amino acids and lipids accumulate during the expansion stage, while sugars and terpenoids increase during ripening. GA4 and genes of the Aux/IAA family mediate fruit expansion and maturation, while cell wall remodeling is regulated by factors such as XTHs, EXPs, polyphenols, and alkaloids, contributing to environmental adaptation. GGAT2 was positively correlated with glutamate, a source of umami, and SUS5 and SPS4 expression aligned with sucrose accumulation. This study provides a valuable genetic resource for bottle gourd research, enhancing the understanding of Cucurbitaceae evolution and supporting further studies on bottle gourd development, quality, and genetic improvement.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness against hospitalizations in adults
Authors: Wong Bill Kang-Fai , Mabbott Neil A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2, and Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccines were central to the global pandemic control measures.

Methods
Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate their real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE). Our study focussed on those that reported the efficacy of these vaccines against COVID-19 hospitalization. Hospitalization was chosen as the primary outcome as it directly reflects the ability of the vaccine to prevent severe disease. A literature search was undertaken using Medline and Embase on 25 February 2024. From this, 50 studies out of 18,347 articles were included for further analysis.

Results
High VE against hospitalization was reported for both the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines when used either as a primary vaccination series (2-dose) or following an additional booster dose (3-dose). Meta-analysis indicated that the pooled VE estimates for each of these vaccination protocols ranged from 84% to 86%, suggesting strong protectiveness. Our data also imply that booster doses can restore waning effectiveness, with no significant differences observed in VE between the 2-dose and 3-dose protocols. However, subgroup analysis revealed an association between the presence of the Omicron variant and a drop in VE, indicating that future emerging SARS-CoV-2 virus variants could similarly affect VE.

Conclusions
Our review underscores the importance of ongoing research to ensure vaccine strategies remain effective against evolving variants. Our study also identified the need for expanding data collection to include underrepresented populations.
Laparoscopic removal of a metallic foreign body embedded in the abdominal wall
Authors: Okuno Mizuki , Takasu Kaori , Goto Takamune , Yamaguchi Toshiyuki , Hayashi Masahiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We report the laparoscopic removal of a foreign body that was embedded in the abdominal wall. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a foreign body in the abdominal wall being laparoscopically removed. A 27-year-old man working at a forging factory presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. He reported that three hours before presentation, a metal fragment came flying from an operating power hammer and penetrated his lower right abdomen. Abdominal CT revealed a 7 mm-sized radiopaque object near the peritoneum. The foreign body was successfully removed laparoscopically with real-time fluoroscopic guidance. Percutaneous removal is usually performed when a foreign body is present in the soft tissue; however, laparoscopic removal should be considered when the foreign body is located in the abdominal wall near the peritoneum. We provide principles for the safe and minimally invasive removal of foreign bodies based on this case.
Obturator nerve schwannoma: a case report and review of the robotic literature
Authors: Bayne Haley , Vuong Richard Q , Bal Shubhneet , West Jeffrey , Laibangyang Anya , Doo David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Obturator schwannomas are rare and often misdiagnosed as intraperitoneal pelvic masses. The optimal surgical approach for their resection is unclear. This study presents a case demonstrating the safe use of robotics for resecting a benign pelvic schwannoma and reviews the literature on robotic cases. Here, a 40-year-old woman with right lower quadrant pain underwent imaging, revealing a 4.6 × 3.3 × 3.6 cm pelvic mass. She had a robotic-assisted laparoscopic excision, with pathology confirming a benign schwannoma. Complete tumor resection is the gold standard. The use of minimally invasive robotic-assisted surgery is increasing due to improved visualization, efficient movement, and safety, making it a viable option for resecting obturator schwannomas.
Exploring image–text combinations in visual humour through large language models (LLMs)
Authors: Soriano-Gonzalez Laura , Belda-Medina Jose 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article aims to advance the scholarly discourse on the linguistic capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by analysing how three different Large Language models (LLMs) approach visual humour. Specifically, it focuses on meme generation and interpretation, with an emphasis on image–text combinations. In the first section, three LLMs were prompted to generate accompanying text for ten preselected images. In the second section, they were prompted to analyse one hundred human-made memes. Results show that, despite a generally positive evaluation in humour detection, applying non-literal meaning remains a challenge, even for the best-performing AI models.
Evaluating the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shah Harshal , Locke Evan , Henrich Mason , Anand Sidharth , Lozy Tara , DeNunzio Nicholas , Hanson Derek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is a rare and deadly pediatric central nervous system tumor often seen before the age of 3. ETMR consists of embryonal tumors with abundant neuropil and true rosettes, ependymoblastoma, and medulloepithelioma. The 5-year survival rate has been reported to be between 0% and 30%. Treatment of ETMR is very unstandardized and typically consists of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. A systematic review was performed to better understand treatment-related outcome trends.

Methods
The authors performed a PRISMA guidelines-based systematic review of the literature. Survival curve analysis using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate survival rates between 2 groups and multiple risk factors, respectively.

Results
The average survival time was 31.1 months in patients treated with radiotherapy compared to 11.2 months in patients who did not. Radiotherapy was a significant covariate on overall survival (P &lt; .001) with an 82% lower risk of death compared to patients who did not receive radiotherapy. The average survival time for patients with focal radiotherapy was 35.8 months compared to 29.8 months in patients with CSI radiotherapy, but there was a great number of patients with pretreatment metastasis in the CSI group. In patients without pretreatment metastasis, focal radiotherapy had non-inferior outcomes for survival rates and times.

Conclusions
Patients treated with radiotherapy in addition to chemotherapy demonstrated a significantly higher survival time. For patients with no metastasis prior to treatment, focal radiotherapy should be strongly considered.
Two-dimensional Health State Map to define metabolic health using separated static and dynamic homeostasis features: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Wu Yanpu , Zhang Xinyan , Sun Liang , Wu Qingqing , Liu Xiaoping , Deng Yueyi , Lu Zhenzhen , Li Zhongxia , Deng Chaoming , He Ruikun , Zhang Luyun , Zeng Rong , Zhang Xuguang , Chen Luonan , Lin Xu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Defining metabolic health is critical for the earlier reversing of metabolic dysfunction and disease, and fasting-based diagnosis may not adequately assess an individual's metabolic adaptivity under stress. We constructed a novel Health State Map (HSM) comprising a Health Phenotype Score (HPS) with fasting features alone and a Homeostatic Resilience Score (HRS) with five time-point features only (t = 30, 60, 90, 180, 240 min) following a standardized mixed macronutrient tolerance test (MMTT). Among 111 Chinese adults, when the same set of fasting and post-MMTT data as for the HSM was used, the mixed-score was highly correlated with the HPS. The HRS was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome prevalence, independently of the HPS (OR [95% CI]: 0.41 [0.18, 0.92]) and the mixed-score (0.34 [0.15, 0.69]). Moreover, the HRS could discriminate metabolic characteristics unseparated by the HPS and the mixed-score. Participants with higher HRSs had better metabolic traits than those with lower HRSs. Large interpersonal variations were also evidenced by evaluating postprandial homeostatic resiliencies for glucose, lipids and amino acids when participants had similar overall HRSs. Additionally, the HRS was positively associated with physical activity level and specific gut microbiome structure. Collectively, our HSM model might offer a novel approach to precisely define an individual's metabolic health and nutritional capacity.