bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries in the FL‐PR CReSD Study
Authors: Gardener Hannah , Leifheit Erica C. , Lichtman Judith H. , Wang Yun , Wang Kefeng , Gutierrez Carolina M. , Ciliberti‐Vargas Maria A. , Dong Chuanhui , Oluwole Sofia , Robichaux Mary , Romano Jose G. , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L. ,   the FL‐PR CReSD Investigators and Collaborators
Published: December 2018

Background

Racial/ethnic disparities in acute stroke care may impact stroke outcomes. We compared outcomes by race/ethnicity among elderly Medicare beneficiaries in hospitals participating in the FL‐PR CReSD (Florida–Puerto Rico Collaboration to Reduce Stroke Disparities) registry with those in hospitals not participating in any quality improvement programs (non‐
QI
) in Florida and Puerto Rico (PR).

Methods and Results

The population included fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries age 65+ in Florida and
PR
, discharged with primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke (
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD‐9‐CM],
codes 433, 434, 436) in 2010–2013. We used mixed logistic models to assess racial/ethnic differences in outcomes (in‐hospital, 30‐day, and 1‐year mortality, and 30‐day readmission) for
CR
e
SD
and non‐
QI
hospitals, adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. The study included 62
CR
e
SD
hospitals (N=44 013, 84% white, 9% black, 4% Florida Hispanic, 1%
PR
Hispanic) and 113 non‐
QI
hospitals (N=14 422, 78% white, 7% black, 5% Florida Hispanic, 8%
PR
Hispanic). For patients treated at
CR
e
SD
hospitals, there were no differences in risk‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality by race/ethnicity; blacks had lower 30‐day mortality versus whites (odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.77–0.97), but higher 30‐day readmission (hazard ratio, 1.09; 1.00–1.18) and 1‐year mortality (odds ratio, 1.13; 1.04–1.23); Florida Hispanics had lower 30‐day readmission (hazard ratio, 0.87; 0.78–0.98).
PR
Hispanic and black stroke patients treated at non‐
QI
hospitals had higher risk‐adjusted in‐hospital, 30‐day and 1‐year mortality, but similar 30‐day readmission versus whites treated in non‐
QI
hospitals.

Conclusions

Disparities in outcomes were less common in
CR
e
SD
than non‐
QI
hospitals, suggesting the benefits of quality improvement programs, particularly those focusing on racial/ethnic disparities.
Impact of Aerosol Shortwave Radiative Heating on Entrainment in the Atmospheric Convective Boundary Layer: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study
Authors: Liu Cheng , Fedorovich Evgeni , Huang Jianping , Hu Xiao-Ming , Wang Yongwei , Lee Xuhui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEntrainment is critical to the development of the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL), but little is known about how entrainment is impacted by the aerosol radiative effect. An aerosol radiation transfer model is used in conjunction with large-eddy simulation (LES) to quantify the impact of aerosol shortwave radiative heating on entrainment and thermodynamics of an idealized dry CBL under aerosol-loading conditions. An entrainment equation is derived within the framework of a zero-order model (ZOM) with the aerosol radiative heating effect included; the equation is then examined against the LES outputs for varying aerosol optical depths (AODs) and free-atmosphere stratification scenarios. The results show that the heat flux profiles become more nonlinear in shape as compared to the case of the clean (no aerosol pollution) CBL, with the degree of nonlinearity being highly dependent on the AOD of the layer for the given type of radiation-absorbing aerosols. As AOD increases, less solar radiation reaches the surface and thus the surface heat flux becomes smaller, and both actual (LES) and ZOM-derived entrainment flux ratios decrease. This trend is opposite to the clean CBL where the LES-predicted flux ratios show an increasing trend with diminishing surface heat flux, while the ZOM-calculated flux ratio remains constant. The modified dimensionless entrainment rate closely follows the −1 power law with a modified Richardson number. The study suggests that including the aerosol radiative effect may improve numerical air quality predictions for heavy-air-pollution events.
Increasing Medical Adherence in Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mehdi Hazavehei Seyed Mohammad , Khoshravesh Sahar , Taheri-Kharameh Zahra 
Published: December 2018

Background One of the most common problems that the elderly with chronic diseases, especially diabetes, faces is lack or poor medical adherence. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of interventions in increasing medical adherence in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. Methods The databases of Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and web of science were searched until April 2017 free from time and language limitation. In review, only randomized controlled trial (RCT) design studies were investigated. The studies of interest were evaluated from three perspectives: educational intervention with or without theories/models of health education and promotion, educational intervention (individual or group education), and noneducational intervention to increase medical adherence. The qualification of RCTs was evaluated through Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Results Finally, five studies were considered in this systematic review. Educational interventions were used in all of the studies, and in three of these studies, noneducational interventions such as support group, psychiatric consultation, and phone consultation were implemented along with educational intervention. In all studies, medical adherence in the intervention group increased when compared with the control group or basic conditions ( p < .05). All RCTs had high risk of bias. Conclusion This review provides evidence which must be considered in the elderly with diabetes a combination of the educational and noneducational methods to increase medical adherence. It is necessary to conduct studies with higher quality to assess the efficacy of interventions.
Parent Perceptions of Initial Feeding Experiences of Children Born With Cleft Palate in a Rural Locale
Authors: Snyder Meghan , Ruscello Dennis M. 
Published: December 2018

Background and Hypothesis: An early problem frequently present in infants born with cleft lip (CL), cleft lip and palate (CLP), or cleft palate (CP) is difficulty feeding. In many cases, health-care professionals are not familiar with the appropriate feeding techniques and unable to instruct parents correctly. This problem can be particularly significant in rural areas where health-care resources are limited and children with clefts are seen on an infrequent basis. The purpose of the investigation was to study the initial feeding experiences of parents who reside in rural areas and whose children were born with CL, CLP, or CP. Method: A 29-item questionnaire was developed and administered to 26 families. The results were analyzed and summarized descriptively. Results and Conclusion: The majority of parents reported initial difficulties with feeding their infants. They indicated the need to seek information and assistance from various sources. As a result of the findings, an informational resource was developed to inform rural health-care professionals of the early feeding issues of children born with CL, CLP, or CP.
Study protocol testing toolkit versus usual care for implementation of screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment in hospitals: a phased cluster randomized approach
Authors: Newhouse Robin , Janney Michelle , Gilbert Anne , Agley Jon , Bakoyannis Giorgos , Ferren Melora , Mullins C. Daniel , Johantgen Meg , Schwindt Rhonda , Thoele Kelli 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background
Alarming rates of unhealthy alcohol, non-prescription drug, and tobacco use highlight the preventable health risks of substance abuse and the urgent need to activate clinicians to recognize and treat risky use. Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is an efficacious and effective processes to identify, reduce and prevent risky use of substances. This paper describes a study protocol testing implementation of a toolkit to enhance use of SBIRT in acute care settings to recognize and address patient risky alcohol, drug, and tobacco use.

Methods
This study uses a phased cluster randomized mixed method design to test nurse-led implementation of an SBIRT toolkit on one medical-surgical unit at 14 acute care hospitals (critical access, community and academic health centers). Medical surgical units will be randomly assigned to implement the SBIRT toolkit (engagement and communication, assessment, planning, training, and evaluation tools) or a wait-list usual care control group that begins implementation 6 months later. Primary endpoints are documentation of SBIRT delivery in randomly selected electronic medical records at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after group 1 implementation (61 records per unit per time period, N = 2562). Two surveys will be administered to unit nurses: smoking cessation activities will be assessed at baseline and SBIRT use will be assessed on randomly-selected days after implementation. In addition, site coordinators will complete a baseline capacity assessment, an implementation fidelity survey post-implementation, and a structured interview at the end of the study. Multilevel mixed-effects effects logistic and linear models will be used to analyze use of SBIRT and cost outcomes.

Discussion
This study will guide subsequent SBIRT implementation, dissemination, and spread across rural, community and urban healthcare systems throughout the state and beyond. The long-term objective is to activate clinicians to recognize, intervene and refer people with risky substance use to improve health and decrease substance use disorders.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03560076
Influence of Sex, Menstrual Cycle, and Menopause Status on the Exercise Pressor Reflex
Authors: SMITH JOSHUA R. , KOEPP KATLYN E. , BERG JESSICA D. , AKINSANYA JOSHUA G. , OLSON THOMAS P. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
In this review, we highlight the underlying mechanisms responsible for the sex differences in the exercise pressor reflex (EPR), and, importantly, the impact of sex hormones and menopausal status. The EPR is attenuated in premenopausal women compared with age-matched men. Specifically, activation of the metaboreflex (a component of the EPR) results in attenuated increases in blood pressure and sympathetic vasomotor outflow compared with age-matched men. In addition, premenopausal women exhibit less transduction of sympathetic outflow to the peripheral vasculature than men. In stark contrast, postmenopausal women exhibit an augmented EPR arising from exaggerated metaboreflex-induced autonomic and cardiovascular reflexes. We propose that metaboreflex-induced autonomic and cardiovascular changes associated with menopause majorly contribute to the elevated blood pressure response during dynamic exercise in postmenopausal women. In addition, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which sex hormones in premenopausal women may impact the EPR as well as metaboreflex.
Physical Properties of Finola® Hemp Seeds: Clean and Containing Dockages
Authors: Jian Fuji , Yavari Sam , Narendran Ramasamy Boopathy , Jayas Digvir S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract.Physical properties of hemp seeds (, L., cultivar Finola®) with 5%, 10%, and 15% foreign materials and dockages (FMD) at 9%, 12%, and 15% moisture contents (wet basis) were measured. The measured and determined physical properties include physical dimensions (length, width, thickness, kernel volume, sphericity, and average surface area), density (bulk and true density), porosity, weight of 1000 kernels, filling and empting angles of repose, and coefficients of friction on surfaces of plywood, galvanized steel, steel-troweled concrete, and wood-floated concrete. The mean value of the length, width, and thickness of the 50 kernels had a linear relationship with the increase of moisture content; however, this was not true for individual kernels. Bulk density of seeds at any FMD level decreased linearly or quadratically with the moisture content increase, while the true density had an opposite trend. Increasing FMD significantly increased the bulk density at any moisture content, and there were variations for the true density. There were gaps between the seed coat and cotyledon, and these gaps became smaller or disappeared when the seed moisture content was increased. This phenomenon resulted in the same average surface area, same volume, and exponential increase in porosity to 58.5% with the increase of moisture content. Increased FMD significantly decreased the porosity at any moisture content. Emptying angle of repose increased with the increase of moisture contents and percentage of FMD. Higher variability was observed in the filling angle of repose than in the emptying angle of repose. The coefficient of friction was the largest against wood-floated and steel-troweled concrete, followed by galvanized steel, and the smallest was against the plywood surface. Keywords: Angle of repose, Density, Foreign material and dockage (FMD), Friction against structural surface, Hemp seed, Physical dimensions.
Developing Effective Treatment Protocols to Control Bark Beetle (Scolytidae: Dendroctonus armandi) in Wood Using Radio Frequency Heating and Forced Hot Air
Authors: Zhao Liang , Zhou Hongxue , Ramaswamy Hosahalli , Wang Shaojin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The bark beetle (), an insect that especially attacks pine trees, has been recognized as a global infestation causing damage to forests worldwide. Radio frequency (RF) heat treatment has been proposed as a technique to replace chemical fumigation for controlling bark beetle in wood products. In this study, a 6 kW, 27.12 MHz pilot-scale RF heating unit was used in evaluating and validating a treatment protocol for disinfesting wood products infested with bark beetle. The mortality of bark beetle adults increased with increasing treatment temperature and holding time. Complete mortality was achieved by heating the samples to 50°C with an electrode gap of 120 mm and holding for 3 min under forced circulation of hot air. The quality of RF-hot air treated wood samples had no significant difference from the control group, including the main quality attributes (e.g., moisture content, checking, and bending properties). Therefore, RF-hot air thermal treatment may provide a fast, effective, and environmentally friendly treatment for disinfesting wood products that carry . Keywords: Dendroctonus armandi, Quality, Radio frequency, Verification, Wood product.
PARTICIPATION OF MUSLIM COMMUNITY VILLAGE IN ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT OF VILLAGE OWNED ENTERPRISE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Setiawan Heru Dian 
Published: December 2018

The establishment of a Village Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) as stipulated in Law No.6 / 2014 on Village, is an effort to increase economic growth along with equitable distribution of assets to the people in order to be able to cope with various economic problems in rural areas. However, since the BUMDes policy was established (in 2004), the existence of BUMDes has not been fully satisfactory, as only about 9.09% of villages realize BUMDes program, even from the number of presentations there are only 21.68% BUMDes considered profitable. Many factors influence the development and development of BUMDes program. One of the most important factors is the lack of social capital development in rural areas. This implicitly indicates the lack of participation of the largest and most important social capital that Indonesia has in the village Muslim community in the management of BUMDes. Yet this village Muslim community as an important asset to further create opportunities to improve rural economic welfare through the utilization and management of BUMDes in Indonesia. Therefore, the qualitative descriptive qualitative study aims to analyze the factors that influence the participation of the village Muslim community in the development and management of BUMDes in Indonesia, using the opinion of Korten which suggests that the success or failure of participation is grouped into two categories namely internal factors and factors externalTerbentuknya BUMDes sebagaimana tertuang dalam UU No.6/2014 belum sepenuhnya mampu menanggulangi berbagai permasalahan ekonomi di pedesaan, karena hanya sekitar 9,09% desa yang dinilai mampu 396 merealisasikan program BUMDes, bahkan dari jumlah prosentase tersebut hanya terdapat sekitar 21,68% BUMDes yang dinilai menguntungkan. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidakberhasilan pembangunan program BUMDes. Satu faktor paling penting adalah kurangnya pengembangan modal sosial di pedesaan. Secara implisit ini menandakan rendahnya partisipasi modal sosial terbesar dan terpenting yang dipunyai Indonesia yaitu komunitas muslim desa. Untuk itu, kajian yang berproses deskriptif kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi komunitas muslim desa dalam usaha pengelolaan BUMDes di Indonesia, dengan menggunakan pendapat Korten yang mengemukakan bahwa kesuksesan atau kegagalan partisipasi dikelompokkan dalam dua kategori yakni faktor internal dan faktor eksternal.Keywords: Participation, Muslim Village Community, Village Owned Enterprise Management, Village Owned Enterprise.
KONFLIK SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI DESA SUNGSANG KECAMATAN BANYUASIN II KABUPATEN BANYUASIN SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Dyawati Yunin , Lidya Eva , Ini Yusna , Pahrozi Rohim 
Published: December 2018

Within the coastal communities, a conflict is one of a popular feature of society that we can easily found. This research discusses and dig about the factors of conflict and how the fisherman resolve the conflict. This research employs a qualitative procedurs. Data collection methode used for this research are: participant observation, in-depth interviews, literature and documentation study. Data analysis was conducted by appliying some steps, such as: identification, classification, interpretation and conclusions. The result indicates that social conflict is in part caused by the catching fish methods that are not mutually beneficial, overlapping the areas, destruction of a catch and other misbehavior attitudes, especially teenager. On conflict resolution in Sungsang village, it various parties also involved. If it is solved by deliberation consensus interpersonal, so it will continue with mediation by the village government. If it is not solved, it can be continues to the authorities department and even to the police.Dalam masyarakat pesisir, konflik adalah salah satu gejala sosial yang sering kita jumpai di sekitaran daerah mayoritas nelayan. Penelitian ini membahas dan menggali tentang konflik apa saja yang terjadi dan bagaimana masyarakat nelayan itu menyelesaikan konflik yang ada. Kemudian siapa saja berperan dalam penyelesaian konflik itu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pengumpulan datanya dilakukan dengan metode observasi langsung ke lapangan, wawancara mendalam, kajian literatur dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif deskriptif, yaitu dengan melakukan langkah-langkah antara lain: identifikasi, klasifikasi, interpretasi dan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konflik sosial yang terjadi antara lain konflik karena penggunaan alat tangkap yang merugikan, tumpang tindih lokasi penangkapan, pengrusakan alat tangkap dan kenakalan remaja. Penyelesaian konflik melibatkan berbagai pihak. Jika secara musyawarah mufakat tidak bisa menyelesaikan masalah, maka akan dilanjutkan dengan mediasi oleh pihak pemerintah desa. Langkah selanjutnya yang ditempuh jika mediasi tidak berhasil maka berlanjut ke pihak berwenang seperti dinas terkait dan bahkan kepolisian.
Photocatalytic and antibacterial activities study of prepared self-cleaning nanostructure surfaces using synthesized and coated ZnO nanoparticles with Curcumin nanodispersion
Authors: Sayyar Zahra , Jafarizadeh Malmiri Hoda 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles had been synthesized and encapsulated using Curcumin nanoemulsions, Zn(Cur)O NPs, under subcritical water conditions. The effects of temperature (120, 140 and 160 °C) and pH values of the reaction solution (4, 7 and 10) on the particle size, grain size, cristallinity, specific surface area, band gap, Urbach energy, morphology, photocatalytic activity and antibacterial properties of the prepared Zn(Cur)O NPs were evaluated using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX and UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. The obtained results indicate that the prepared spherical and rod shapes Zn(Cur)O NPs had a crystallite size distribution of 10–100 nm. Furthermore, the results reveal that most uniform Zn(Cur)O NPs with highest photocatalytic activity, quantum yield (0.161 mol·m−2 s−1), specific surface area (242 m2/g), minimum band gap (2.62 eV) and Urbach energy (0.125 meV) were formed at 160 °C and natural pH. The highest antibacterial activities against both Gram positive and negative bacteria strains, were achieved using the synthesized Zn(Cur)O at 160 °C and basic pH(10).
Intermittent Hypoxia Disrupts Adult Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity in the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Khuu Maggie A. , Pagan Chelsea M. , Nallamothu Thara , Hevner Robert F. , Hodge Rebecca D. , Ramirez Jan-Marino , Garcia Alfredo J. 
Published: December 2018

Individuals with sleep apnea often exhibit changes in cognitive behaviors consistent with alterations in the hippocampus. It is hypothesized that adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus is an ongoing process that maintains normal hippocampal function in many mammalian species, including humans. However, the impact of chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH), a principal consequence of sleep apnea, on hippocampal adult neurogenesis remains unclear. Using a murine model, we examined the impact of 30 d of IH (IH30) on adult neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus. Although IH30did not affect paired-pulse facilitation, IH30suppressed long-term potentiation (LTP). Immunohistochemical experiments also indicate that IH perturbs multiple aspects of adult neurogenesis. IH30increased the number of proliferating Sox2+neural progenitor cells in the subgranular zone yet reduced the number of doublecortin-positive neurons. Consistent with these findings, cell lineage tracing revealed that IH30increased the proportion of radial glial cells in the subgranular zone, yet decreased the proportion of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus. While administration of a superoxide anion scavenger during IH did not prevent neural progenitor cell proliferation, it mitigated the IH-dependent suppression of LTP and prevented adult-born neuron loss. These data demonstrate that IH causes both reactive oxygen species-dependent and reactive oxygen species-independent effects on adult neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus. Our findings identify cellular and neurophysiological changes in the hippocampus that may contribute to cognitive and behavioral deficits occurring in sleep apnea.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIndividuals with sleep apnea experience periods of intermittent hypoxia (IH) that can negatively impact many aspects of brain function. Neurons are continually generated throughout adulthood to support hippocampal physiology and behavior. This study demonstrates that IH exposure attenuates hippocampal long-term potentiation and reduces adult neurogenesis. Antioxidant treatment mitigates these effects indicating that oxidative signaling caused by IH is a significant factor that impairs synaptic plasticity and reduces adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus.