bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a compound heterozygote with a new large deletion of the AQP2 gene. A case report
Authors: Peces Ramón , Mena Rocío , Peces Carlos , Santos‐Simarro Fernando , Fernández Luis , Afonso Sara , Lapunzina Pablo , Selgas Rafael , Nevado Julián 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCongenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare condition characterized by severe polyuria, due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine in response to arginine vasopressin (AVP). In the majority of the cases, the disease shows an X‐linked inherited pattern, although an autosomal recessive inheritance was also observed.MethodsWe report a patient with a severe NDI diagnosed during the neonatal period. Because the patient was female without a family history of congenital NDI, her disease was thought to exhibit an autosomal recessive form.ResultsA full mutation analysis of AVP receptor 2 (AVPR2; MIM#300538) gene showed no mutations. However, direct Sanger sequencing of the aquaporin 2 (AQP2) revealed an apparently homozygous mutation at nucleotide position NM_000486.5:c.374C>T (p.Thr125Met) in exon 2. Further customized multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA), single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis, and long‐range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing showed a heterozygous exonic deletion comprising exons 2, 3, and partially 4 of AQP2.ConclusionThis is the first case of a compound heterozygote patient with a missense mutation involving NM_000486.5:exon2:c.374C>T (p.Thr125Met) and a gross deletion of at least exons 2, 3, and partially 4 on the AQP2 to present with a severe NDI phenotype.
Mutual coupling reduction using complementary of SRR with wire MNG structure
Authors: Sahandabadi Sahereh , Makki Seyed Vahab AL‐Din 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMutual coupling has always been a drawback for array antennas with different configurations. Engineers are obliged to cope with negative effects of mutual coupling in designing procedure. The most important cause of the mutual coupling is surface wave propagation as it transfers the wave in undesirable directions. A method to reduce this effect is the suppression of surface waves using metamaterial structures. A known type of metamaterial used for this purpose is complementary of split ring resonator (CSRR). In this work, a structure consisting of CSRRs with wires is used to alleviate the effect of mutual coupling. The results are verified by calculating effective permeability and permittivity of the structure showing the Mu‐negative property. The calculation is also performed by Kramers‐Kronig relations. A 17 dB reduction in mutual coupling is achieved over a bandwidth range of 170 MHz.
Effects of Wintertime Stocking of Rainbow Trout on the Forage Community of an Oklahoma Impoundment
Authors: Snow Richard A. , Shoup Daniel E. , Porta Michael J. , Patterson Chas P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are sometimes stocked to create put-and-take fisheries in small impoundments. Information about the effects of these stockings on existing piscivores is poorly understood. Therefore, we performed a study to evaluate the forage consumption by Rainbow Trout stocked in Lake Carl Etling, Oklahoma. A creel survey during the 2014–2015 trout season determined that angling pressure was low, which left the majority of stocked trout in the lake until their thermal maximum was exceeded in late May–June. Rainbow Trout stomach contents were collected monthly from November through April annually (2015–2018) via gastric lavage. Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum were consumed during most months, but their occurrence in Rainbow Trout stomachs was highest in January and December. A sharp decline in Gizzard Shad consumption was followed by an increase in detritus consumption each year. Using either Gizzard Shad numbers observed in monthly Rainbow Trout diets or the estimated monthly abundance of Rainbow Trout, we postulated that Rainbow Trout substantially affected age-0 Gizzard Shad biomass (reducing it by 66.7 or 54.6 kg/ha, respectively), potentially negatively affecting growth rates of other piscivores in the system. This study demonstrates the unintended consequences of stocking an additional predatory fish into small impoundments and the importance of evaluating angler harvest of these stocking programs to ensure the stocked species receives sufficient angler harvest to match stocking rates and prevent negative impacts on the fish community (both forage and other piscivorous species).
Multiobjective predictive cruise control for connected vehicle systems on urban conditions with InPA‐SQP
Authors: He Defeng , Shi Yujie , Li Haiping , Du Haiping 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe connected vehicle (CV) system is one of the most effective core technologies in intelligent transportation systems. In order to solve the optimal velocity prediction problem for a CV system on urban roads, a multiobjective predictive cruise controller (MOPCC) for vehicles in the CV system is proposed to coordinate multiple performances including safety, tracking ability, ride comfort, and fuel economy. Firstly, with the ad hoc wireless communication technology, the signal phase and timing information is obtained to calculate the feasible velocity range for improving mobility. Then, the optimal target velocity of vehicles is computed by minimizing the fuel economic polynomial models of the vehicle system. Secondly, in order to systematically cope with those multiple performances, the Utopia point method is applied to change the multiobjective optimization problem into Utopia tracking problem. Furthermore, the MOPCC problem is formulated and solved by a fast numerical algorithm, ie, integrated perturbation analysis and sequential quadratic programming. Finally, simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of improved the multiple performances.
Quantifying bias reduction with fixed‐duration versus all‐available covariate assessment periods
Authors: Connolly John G. , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Glynn Robert J. , Gagne Joshua J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeImplementing a cohort study in longitudinal healthcare databases requires looking back over some covariate assessment period (CAP) preceding cohort entry to measure confounders. We used simulations to compare fixed‐duration versus all‐available CAPs for confounder adjustment in the presence of differences in available baseline time between exposure groups.MethodsWe simulated cohorts of 10 000 patients with binary variables for a single confounder, exposure, and outcome. Baseline time was simulated based on the observed distribution in a claims‐based comparison of statin users versus nonusers. We compared bias after measuring confounders using fixed‐duration and all‐available CAPs, both when exposure groups had similar and discrepant amounts of available baseline time.ResultsWhen the comparison groups had similar amounts of baseline time, an all‐available CAP was less biased than a fixed‐duration CAP. When baseline time differed between comparison groups, the preferable CAP approach depended on the direction of confounding and which exposure group had higher covariate sensitivity. These findings were consistent in direction across sensitivity analyses.ConclusionIn certain settings of differential available baseline time between exposure groups, the all‐available CAP was more biased than the fixed‐duration CAP. The relative directions and strengths of confounding and misclassification biases are an important consideration when choosing between a fixed‐duration or all‐available CAP, but they are often unknown. Therefore, we recommend comparing the amount of available baseline time between exposure groups. When there is a large discrepancy, despite appropriate design choices, we recommend a fixed‐duration approach to avoid potential increases in bias because of differential data availability.
Nanophase morphology and crystallization in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polydimethylsiloxane‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐polystyrene blends
Authors: Seraji Seyed Mohsen , Guo Qipeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn approach to achieve confined crystallization of ferroelectric semicrystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was investigated. A novel polydimethylsiloxane‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐polystyrene (PDMS‐b‐PMMA‐b‐PS) triblock copolymer was synthesized by the atom‐transfer radical polymerization method and blended with PVDF. Miscibility, crystallization and morphology of the PVDF/PDMS‐b‐PMMA‐b‐PS blends were studied within the whole range of concentration. In this A‐b‐B‐b‐C/D type of triblock copolymer/homopolymer system, crystallizable PVDF (D) and PMMA (B) middle block are miscible because of specific intermolecular interactions while A block (PDMS) and C block (PS) are immiscible with PVDF. Nanostructured morphology is formed via self‐assembly, displaying a variety of phase structures and semicrystalline morphologies. Crystallization at 145 °C reveals that both α and β crystalline phases of PVDF are present in PVDF/PDMS‐b‐PMMA‐b‐PS blends. Incorporation of the triblock copolymer decreases the degree of crystallization and enhances the proportion of β to α phase of semicrystalline PVDF. Introduction of PDMS‐b‐PMMA‐b‐PS triblock copolymer to PVDF makes the crystalline structures compact and confines the crystal size. Moreover, small‐angle X‐ray scattering results indicate that the immiscible PDMS as a soft block and PS as a hard block are localized in PVDF crystalline structures. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Patient Perspectives on Osseointegration: A National Survey of Veterans with Upper Limb Amputation
Authors: Resnik Linda , Benz Heather , Borgia Matthew , Clark Melissa A. 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionOsseointegrated (OI) prostheses have a unique benefit‐risk profile among prosthetic alternatives and have been marketed in the United States under a Humanitarian Device Exemption since 2015. Information about upper limb prosthesis user perspectives on benefits and risks, prosthesis‐user subpopulations for whom OI is most acceptable, and outcomes that matter most to patients could help inform clinical and regulatory decision‐making. Recent 21st Century Cures legislation expanded the role of patient experience data in the decision‐making process of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, recognizing that patient perspectives may be informative to regulators.ObjectiveTo better understand prosthesis user perspectives about the benefits and risks associated with upper limb OI prostheses.DesignPatient perspective survey.SettingTelephone administration.ParticipantsNational sample of veterans with upper limb loss.InterventionsNAMain Outcome MeasuresBenefit‐risk survey developed for this study.ResultsTwenty‐eight percent of unilateral and 13% of bilateral amputees were willing to consider osseointegration surgery. Multivariate logistic regression models [OR; 95% CI] showed that transhumeral amputation level [OR 1.40; 1.01‐1.98] was associated with greater willingness to consider surgery, whereas older age [OR 0.17; 0.09‐0.32] and higher VR‐12 Mental Component Summary [OR 0.53; 0.35‐0.81] were associated with less willingness. Having a durable/reliable device, the ability to do more activities, and having a comfortable device were rated as very important or somewhat important by 98% or more for every risk condition.ConclusionsPersons who were older, had transradial amputation (compared to transhumeral), and those who had better mental functioning were less willing to consider this surgery. Respondents who were willing to consider surgery indicated that the most important potential benefits were obtaining a durable/reliable device, the ability to do more activities, and having a comfortable device. Most were willing to accept one or more risks of surgery, with long‐term risks including chronic pain, loss of nerve function, or device failure considered the most unacceptable.Level of EvidenceIII
Comparing provider and patient views of issues for low‐resourced breast cancer patients
Authors: Enzler Cassandra J. , Torres Shioban , Jabson Jennifer , Ahlum Hanson Arin , Bowen Deborah J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare provider and patient views from the same clinical settings on issues raised by low‐socioeconomic status (SES) breast cancer survivors.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews among two groups: low‐SES breast cancer survivors (n = 37) and medical personnel (ie, physicians, nurses, and navigators; n = 8) who interact and serve with these patients from two geographically distinct low‐resourced clinical settings. These semistructured qualitative interviews used grounded theory to identify several potential themes, such as finances, resources, and medical care. Transcripts were coded and summarized into themes.ResultsWe analyzed each type of interview data separately then compared patient and provider perspectives. From these qualitative interviews, we discovered that low‐SES breast cancer survivors reported many unmet needs, including transportation, housing, health literacy, and language, among others. Providers reported that many of these needs are served by the extensive network of supports surrounding these patients.ConclusionsThese results illustrate that low‐SES breast cancer survivors have unique needs that differ from other breast cancer survivors. Many providers feel that these needs are being met, but patients have more diverse experiences. By better addressing the links between resource needs and low‐SES breast cancer survivors, quality of life can be improved.
NetSurfP‐2.0: Improved prediction of protein structural features by integrated deep learning
Authors: Klausen Michael Schantz , Jespersen Martin Closter , Nielsen Henrik , Jensen Kamilla Kjærgaard , Jurtz Vanessa Isabell , Sønderby Casper Kaae , Sommer Morten Otto Alexander , Winther Ole , Nielsen Morten , Petersen Bent , Marcatili Paolo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ability to predict local structural features of a protein from the primary sequence is of paramount importance for unraveling its function in absence of experimental structural information. Two main factors affect the utility of potential prediction tools: their accuracy must enable extraction of reliable structural information on the proteins of interest, and their runtime must be low to keep pace with sequencing data being generated at a constantly increasing speed. Here, we present NetSurfP‐2.0, a novel tool that can predict the most important local structural features with unprecedented accuracy and runtime. NetSurfP‐2.0 is sequence‐based and uses an architecture composed of convolutional and long short‐term memory neural networks trained on solved protein structures. Using a single integrated model, NetSurfP‐2.0 predicts solvent accessibility, secondary structure, structural disorder, and backbone dihedral angles for each residue of the input sequences. We assessed the accuracy of NetSurfP‐2.0 on several independent test datasets and found it to consistently produce state‐of‐the‐art predictions for each of its output features. We observe a correlation of 80% between predictions and experimental data for solvent accessibility, and a precision of 85% on secondary structure 3‐class predictions. In addition to improved accuracy, the processing time has been optimized to allow predicting more than 1000 proteins in less than 2 hours, and complete proteomes in less than 1 day.
Effect of 2‐Bromopyridine Ancillary Ligand in the Catalysis of Pd(II)‐NNN Pincer Complexes towards Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Jerome Peter , Arafath Sharfudeen Yasar , Haribabu Jebiti , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Karvembu Ramasamy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPd(II)‐NNN pincer complexes containing sterically hindered 2‐bromopyridine (sp2 hybridized N donor) as ancillary ligand have been synthesized in order to compare their catalytic efficiency with the reported analogous complexes containing acetonitrile (sp hybridized N donor) ancillary ligand. The complexes have been characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Single crystal XRD reveals distorted square planar structure of complex 1. These complexes have been investigated as catalysts for the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling (SMC) reaction. The scope is extended using various substituted aromatic/aliphatic halides. The activity of the Pd(II)‐NNN pincer complexes bearing bulky 2‐bromopyridine ancillary ligand is not higher compared to that of the complexes with acetonitrile ancillary ligand, which shows superiority of acetonitrile ancillary ligand.
Boron Dipyrromethene Nano‐Photosensitizers for Anticancer Phototherapies
Authors: Sun Wen , Zhao Xueze , Fan Jiangli , Du Jianjun , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs traditional phototherapy agents, boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) photosensitizers have attracted increasing attention due to their high molar extinction coefficients, high phototherapy efficacy, and excellent photostability. After being formed into nanostructures, BODIPY‐containing nano‐photosensitizers show enhanced water solubility and biocompatibility as well as efficient tumor accumulation compared to BODIPY molecules. Hence, BODIPY nano‐photosensitizers demonstrate a promising potential for fighting cancer. This review contains three sections, classifying photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and the combination of PDT and PTT based on BODIPY nano‐photosensitizers. It summarizes various BODIPY nano‐photosensitizers, which are prepared via different approaches including molecular precipitation, supramolecular interactions, and polymer encapsulation. In each section, the design strategies and working principles of these BODIPY nano‐photosensitizers are highlighted. In addition, the detailed in vitro and in vivo applications of these recently developed nano‐photosensitizers are discussed together with future challenges in this field, highlighting the potential of these promising nanoagents for new tumor phototherapies.
Analyzing the fractal feature of nickel thin films surfaces modified by low energy nitrogen ion
Authors: Ţălu Ştefan , Yadav Ram Pratap , Arman Ali , Korpi Alireza Grayeli , Sobola Dinara , Ţălu Mihai , Rezaee Sahare , Achour Amine , Jurečka Stanislav , Mardani Mohsen 
Published: February 2019

SummaryFractal concepts are used to explore how different energies (10, 20 and 50 keV) and fluence of 5 × 1017 N+ cm−2 affect the morphology of nickel thin film. The nickel thin film with thickness of 100 nm is prepared by electron beam evaporation technique at room temperature on stainless steel (AISI 316) substrates. The nanoscale three‐dimensional (3‐D) surface micro‐morphologies are investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Interface width is used to describe the surface height fluctuations. The autocorrelation function with height‐height correlation function give the quantitative data about the morphology of surface. The value of roughness exponent and fractal dimension is computed by height‐height correlation function. Fractal measure is an important analysis which provides fundamental insights into the texture characteristics and a direct way of testing their functional role.
The Future is a Moving Target: Predicting Political Instability
Authors: Bowlsby Drew , Chenoweth Erica , Hendrix Cullen , Moyer Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious research by Goldstone et al. (2010) generated a highly accurate predictive model of state-level political instability. Notably, this model identifies political institutions – and partial democracy with factionalism, specifically – as the most compelling factors explaining when and where instability events are likely to occur. This article reassesses the model’s explanatory power and makes three related points: (1) the model’s predictive power varies substantially over time; (2) its predictive power peaked in the period used for out-of-sample validation (1995–2004) in the original study and (3) the model performs relatively poorly in the more recent period. The authors find that this decline is not simply due to the Arab Uprisings, instability events that occurred in autocracies. Similar issues are found with attempts to predict nonviolent uprisings (Chenoweth and Ulfelder 2017) and armed conflict onset and continuation (Hegre et al. 2013). These results inform two conclusions: (1) the drivers of instability are not constant over time and (2) care must be exercised in interpreting prediction exercises as evidence in favor or dispositive of theoretical mechanisms.
Four new epiphytic species in theMicarea prasinagroup from Europe
Authors: LAUNIS Annina , PYKÄLÄ Juha , VAN DEN BOOM Pieter , SÉRUSIAUX Emmanuël , MYLLYS Leena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study we clarify the phylogeny and reassess the current taxonomy of theMicarea prasinagroup, focusing especially on theM. byssaceaandM. micrococcacomplexes. The phylogeny was investigated using ITS, mtSSU andMcm7regions from 25 taxa belonging to theM. prasinagroup. A total of 107 new sequences were generated. Data were analyzed using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. The results reveal five undescribed well-supported lineages. Four of the lineages represent new species described asMicarea pseudomicrococcaLaunis & Myllys sp. nov.,M. czarnotaeLaunis, van den Boom, Sérusiaux & Myllys sp. nov.,M. microareolataLaunis, Pykälä & Myllys sp. nov. andM. laetaLaunis & Myllys sp. nov. In addition, a fifth lineage was revealed that requires further study.Micarea pseudomicrococcais characterized by an olive green granular thallus, small cream-white or brownish apothecia lacking the Sedifolia-grey pigment and two types of paraphyses up to 2 µm wide.Micarea czarnotaeforms a granular, densely granular or continuous olive green thallus, convex to hemispherical apothecia often with the Sedifolia-grey pigment and no crystalline granules in the thallus.Micarea microareolatais characterized by a ± pale green areolate thallus (composed of goniocysts), cream-white apothecia lacking the Sedifolia-grey pigment and narrow spores.Micarea laetahas a vivid to olive green granular thallus, pale apothecia lacking the Sedifolia-grey pigment and wider spores compared toM. microareolata. Descriptions, images and a key are provided for the new species. Crystalline granules are introduced as a novel species-level character forMicarea.
How to evaluate the performance of gradual type systems
Authors: GREENMAN BEN , TAKIKAWA ASUMU , NEW MAX S. , FELTEY DANIEL , FINDLER ROBERT BRUCE , VITEK JAN , FELLEISEN MATTHIAS 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA sound gradual type system ensures that untyped components of a program can never break the guarantees of statically typed components. This assurance relies on runtime checks, which in turn impose performance overhead in proportion to the frequency and nature of interaction between typed and untyped components. The literature on gradual typing lacks rigorous descriptions of methods for measuring the performance of gradual type systems. This gap has consequences for the implementors of gradual type systems and developers who use such systems. Without systematic evaluation of mixed-typed programs, implementors cannot precisely determine how improvements to a gradual type system affect performance. Developers cannot predict whether adding types to part of a program will significantly degrade (or improve) its performance. This paper presents the first method for evaluating the performance of sound gradual type systems. The method quantifies both the absolute performance of a gradual type system and the relative performance of two implementations of the same gradual type system. To validate the method, the paper reports on its application to 20 programs and 3 implementations of Typed Racket.