bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio and plasma lactate predict 28‐day mortality in patients with sepsis
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Zheng Jie , Zhang Daisong , Jing Liling 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe predictive potential of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and plasma lactate was investigated in regard to the prognosis of patients with sepsis.MethodsSixty‐three nonsurgical and nontrauma adult patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from September 2016 to October 2018 were consecutively included in the study. In addition, healthy subjects were assigned to a control group. Neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were evaluated via a complete blood count. Plasma lactate, procalcitonin (PCT), and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured. The main outcome was 28‐day mortality.ResultsNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and plasma lactate levels of the patients were significantly higher than those of control subjects: 19.44 (14.3‐34.53) vs 14.09 (8.17‐28.99), P = 0.049; and 3.7 (3‐6.6) vs 2.72 (2.13‐4.3) ng/mL, P = 0.008, respectively. There were no statistical differences in the concentrations of PCT and CRP between nonsurvivors and survivors: 6.1 (3.43‐33.59) vs 9.43 (4.24‐37.68) ng/mL, P = 0.44; and 108 (77.8‐153) vs 114.5 (71.43‐162) ng/mL, P = 0.672, respectively. With an optimal cutoff of 14.08, the sensitivity and specificity of NLR for prediction of 28‐day mortality were 78.3% and 50%, respectively. And the sensitivity and specificity of plasma lactate level to predict 28‐day mortality, at an optimal cutoff value of 2.99 mmol/L, were 82.6% and 55%, respectively.ConclusionsNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and plasma lactate were associated with poor outcomes in patients with sepsis and predicted mortality.
lncRNA ANRIL protects H9c2 cells against hypoxia‐induced injury through targeting the miR‐7‐5p/SIRT1 axis
Authors: Shu Liliang , Zhang Wanzhe , Huang Chen , Huang Gongcheng , Su Gang , Xu Jing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurred in the heart, which underwent long‐term ischemia, and was mainly caused by hypoxia. Recently, studies have uncovered the participation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of heart disease. Here, we planned to probe the role and molecular basis of ANRIL in hypoxia‐induced H9c2 cell injury.MethodsTrypan blue exclusion assay and Transwell and flow cytometry assays were conducted to assess hypoxia‐induced injury by determining the viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of H9c2 cells in different conditions, respectively. Gene expressions were evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction or western blot analysis as needed. RNA immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were applied to confirm the associations among genes.ResultsANRIL expression was dramatically enhanced in hypoxia‐injured H9c2 cells, and silencing ANRIL aggravated hypoxia‐induced H9c2 cell injury. ANRIL positively regulated sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression via competitively binding with miR‐7‐5p. Moreover, inhibition of miR‐7‐5p counteracted ANRIL depletion‐exacerbated injury in hypoxic H9c2 cells, meanwhile, forced SIRT1 expression attenuated the injury‐promoting effect of miR‐7‐5p upregulation on hypoxic H9c2 cells.ConclusionOur findings disclosed that ANRIL plays a protective part in hypoxia‐induced H9c2 cell injury via modulating the miR‐7‐5p/SIRT1 axis, suggesting the great potential of ANRIL as a protective target for AMI.
Rapid microscope auto‐focus method for uneven surfaces based on image fusion
Authors: Jiang Min‐shan , Yang Ting , Xu Xiao‐li , Zhang Xue‐dian , Li Feng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicroscopic imaging of uneven surfaces is difficult because of the limited depth of field. In this study, we developed a rapid auto‐focus method for uneven surfaces based on image fusion. The Prewitt operator was used to detect the vertical edges of the images. Then, the focus position was theoretically calculated using a Gaussian function, and image fusion was applied to obtain the final in‐focus image. An experiment was designed to verify the developed method. The results revealed that this method is effective for printed circuit boards.
Almost all 5‐regular graphs have a 3‐flow
Authors: Prałat Paweł , Wormald Nick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTutte conjectured in 1972 that every 4‐edge–connected graph has a nowhere‐zero 3‐flow. This has long been known to be equivalent to the conjecture that every 5‐regular 4‐edge–connected graph has an edge orientation in which every in‐degree is either 1 or 4. We show that the assertion of the conjecture holds asymptotically almost surely for random 5‐regular graphs. It follows that the conjecture holds for almost all 4‐edge–connected 5‐regular graphs.
Optimal timing of pancreaticoduodenectomy following preoperative biliary drainage considering major morbidity and postoperative survival
Authors: Shin Sang Hyun , Han In Woong , Ryu Youngju , Kim Naru , Choi Dong Wook , Heo Jin Seok 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to determine the optimal timing of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) following preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) with consideration of postoperative morbidity and survival.MethodsBetween January 2007 and December 2015, consecutive 1,568 patients underwent PD at a single institution. Their data were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsOf all, 831 patients underwent PBD. The mean duration between drainage and surgery was 16.9 days. Regarding postoperative outcomes, length of hospital stay was longer in the drainage group (P = 0.028). Postoperative pancreatic fistula was not significantly different between the non‐drainage and drainage groups (P = 0.162), but major complications occurred more frequently in the drainage group (P = 0.002). Multivariable analysis showed major complications occurred significantly at third and fourth weeks (odds ratios 1.863 and 2.523) after PBD, whereas early surgery performed in the first 2 weeks did not noticeably increase postoperative complications. In multivariable survival comparison, weekly interval beyond 6 weeks was associated with poor survival in those with pancreatic cancer, while patients with bile duct cancer operated on at the fourth week showed worse prognosis.ConclusionsEarly surgery that reduces the operative delay after PBD may improve both short‐ and long‐term postoperative outcomes in cancer patients undergoing PBD.
Aberrant gray matter volumes and functional connectivity in adolescent patients with ADHD
Authors: Zhao Yue , Cui Dong , Lu Weizhao , Li Hongyu , Zhang Huayu , Qiu Jianfeng 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundAltered gray matter (GM) volumes and functional connectivity (FC) happens in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients and the intelligence quotient (IQ) of ADHD patients is generally lower than healthy subjects, while few studies have focused on the association among the three.PurposeTo investigate the abnormal changes of GM volumes and FC in ADHD patients compared with typically‐developing control (TD‐C), as well as the association between the changes and IQ.Study TypeCase control.Population36 ADHD patients and 36 TD‐C, aged 8–17.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/single shot echo planar imaging (EPI).AssessmentPreprocessing of fMRI data and seed‐based FC calculation using DPABI4.0, and VBM was performed by CAT12.Statistical TestsComparison between groups of smoothed GM volumes was performed using two‐sample t‐test within SPM 12, age and total intracranial volume (TIV) were returned as covariates. Comparison between groups of FCs was performed using a two‐sample t‐test within RESTplus; age was returned as a covariate. False discovery rate (FDR)‐corrected and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsCompared with TD‐C, reduced GM volumes occurred in the left superior frontal gyrus (t = –3.61, P < 0.001), right middle frontal gyrus (t = –3.97, P < 0.001), left middle cingulum (t = –3.93, P < 0.001), and left cuneus (t = –4.42, P < 0.001). Decreased FC was found between the left precuneus and left middle cingulum (t = –5.86, P < 0.001), left middle temporal gyrus, and left superior frontal gyrus (t = –5.67, P < 0.001), as well as left medial superior frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus (t = –6.73, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionThe results confirmed that FCs between the regions with declined GM volumes and others were altered in ADHD patients. We speculated that abnormal changes of GM volume and FC maybe used as an imaging metric of ADHD.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:719–726.
Green marketing strategies in the dairy sector: Consumer‐stated preferences for carbon footprint labels
Authors: Canavari Maurizio , Coderoni Silvia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractItalian consumers’ serveyed revealed a generally positive willingness to pay for milk labeled for lower carbon footprint. Green marketing and related sustainable labels are important devices to convey information to consumers about more sustainable business models. Italian consumers' willingness to pay for milk with lower carbon footprint analyzed through a pilot survey is positive and significant. Consumers' willingness to pay also depends on the importance consumers assign to climate change, price sensitivity, as well as on income.
Attracting employees in developing countries through corporate social responsibility initiatives
Authors: Barbara Latifa , Grolleau Gilles , Mzoughi Naoufel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIndividuals have mainly preferences for ethical jobs, and companies with bad ethical reputation have to offer higher wages to recruit. Social responsibility concerns are context dependent. Individuals' choices are not all predominantly oriented toward the moral high ground. A significant proportion of respondents refuse to trade‐off ethical preferences for money.
Clinical features, microbiological epidemiology and recommendations for management of cellulitis in extremity lymphedema
Authors: Rodriguez Jose R. , Hsieh Frank , Huang Ching‐Tai , Tsai Tai‐Jung , Chen Courtney , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis high volume, single center study investigated the prevalence, bacterial epidemiology, and responsiveness to antibiotic therapy of cellulitis in extremity lymphedema.MethodsFrom 2003 to 2018, cellulitis events from a cohort of 420 patients with extremity lymphedema were reviewed. Demographics, lymphedema grading, symptoms, inflammatory markers, cultures and antibiotic therapy regimens were compiled from cellulitis episodes data. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for detailed analysis.ResultsA total of 131 separate episodes of cellulitis were recorded from 43 (81.1%) lower limb and 10 (19.9%) upper limb lymphedema patients. The prevalence and recurrence rates for cellulitis in lymphedema patients were 12.6% (53 of 420) and 56.6% (30 of 53), respectively. The most common findings were increased limb circumference (127 of 131; 96.9%) and abnormal C‐reactive protein (CRP) level (86 of 113; 76.1%). Blood cultures were obtained in 79 (60.3%) incidents, with 9 (11.4%) returning positive. Streptococcus agalactiae was the most isolated bacterium (5 of 9; 55.5%).ConclusionsThe cellulitis prevalence and recurrence rate in extremity lymphedema were 12.6%, and 56.6%, respectively. Strongest indicators of cellulitis were increased affected limb circumference and elevated CRP level. Empiric antibiotic therapy began with coverage for Steptococcus species before broadening to anti‐Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and anti‐Gram negatives if needed for effective treatment of extremity lymphedema cellulitis.
Short or long runs: An exploratory study of odor‐induced fMRI design
Authors: Han Pengfei , Zang Yunpeng , Hummel Cornelia , Faria Vanda , Hummel Thomas 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non‐invasive neuroimaging technique widely used in olfactory research. During a typical fMRI olfactory block‐design, one functional “run” refers to a combination of multiple blocks with continuous brain image acquisition. The current study investigated the length of functional runs on odor‐induced brain response signals (blood oxygen level dependent [BLOD]) within the primary and key secondary olfactory areas.MethodsTwenty‐five female adults (age range 19 to 30 years, mean age 25 years) underwent a block‐design fMRI measurement with odor stimulation. Twelve participants received the odor stimuli within a short run paradigm (six blocks in each 4‐minute run, eight runs in total), and 13 participants received the odor stimulation with a long‐run paradigm (12 blocks in each 8‐minute run, four runs in total). For each paradigm, two odors (peach and rose) were alternatingly presented between runs. Participants rated odor intensity and pleasantness at the end of each run. Ratings and fMRI data were analyzed for different subsections and compared between groups.ResultsThere was a higher level of brain activation in the insula and orbitofrontal cortex during the short‐run paradigm as compared to the long‐run paradigm. However, there was no difference for odor intensity or pleasantness ratings.ConclusionThe current study suggested the employment of short runs with multiple repetitions for odor stimulation during fMRI research.Level of Evidence3Laryngoscope, 130:1110–1115, 2020
Boundedness of composition operators with mixed homogeneities
Authors: Liao Fanghui , Wang Hongbin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSuppose that T1 is a Calderón–Zygmund operator with isotropic homogeneity and T2 is a Calderón–Zygmund operator with non‐isotropic homogeneity. In this note, the boundedness of the composition operator on the Hardy space is presented. The results in this paper extend earlier related results on convolution operators to non‐convolution setting.
Genomic ecology of Marine Group II, the most common marine planktonic Archaea across the surface ocean
Authors: Pereira Olivier , Hochart Corentin , Auguet Jean Christophe , Debroas Didier , Galand Pierre E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlanktonic Archaea have been detected in all the world's oceans and are found from surface waters to the deep sea. The two most common Archaea phyla are Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Euryarchaeota are generally more common in surface waters, but very little is known about their ecology and their potential metabolisms. In this study, we explore the genomic ecology of the Marine Group II (MGII), the main marine planktonic Euryarchaeota, and test if it is composed of different ecologically relevant units. We re‐analyzed Tara Oceans metagenomes from the photic layer and the deep ocean by annotating sequences against a custom MGII database and by mapping gene co‐occurrences. Our data provide a global view of the distribution of Euryarchaeota, and more specifically of MGII subgroups, and reveal their association to a number of gene‐coding sequences. In particular, we show that MGII proteorhodopsins were detected in both the surface and the deep chlorophyll maximum layer and that different clusters of these light harvesting proteins were present. Our approach helped describing the set of genes found together with specific MGII subgroups. We could thus define genomic environments that could theoretically describe ecologically meaningful units and the ecological niche that they occupy.
Quantifying the impact of lead doping on plastic scintillator response to radiation
Authors: Nusrat Humza , Pang Geordi , Ahmad Syed Bilal , Keller Brian , Sarfehnia Arman 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThrough the addition of high‐Z dopants, the sensitivity of plastic scintillators to low‐energy radiation can be increased. This study quantifies this change in sensitivity as a function of dopant concentration.MethodsMeasurements were conducted using four different lead‐doped scintillators (0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 5% Pb) in high‐energy electrons (6 to 15 MeV) and low‐energy photon (100 to 300 kVp) radiation fields. High‐energy and low‐energy irradiations were done using a clinical linear accelerator and an orthovoltage unit, respectively. Light emitted by the scintillator was quantified using a photosensor module. The experimental setup was replicated in Geant4.10.3 Monte Carlo and scintillator parameters (Quenching parameter: kB and the light yield: L0) were varied until agreement between measured and simulated results was reached. Monoenergetic electrons were used to simulate the high‐energy electron beam while a spectrum generated using SpekCalc® software was used in the low‐energy simulations. Light produced by the scintillator was quantified using a flux scorer sensitive only to photons in the visible wavelength range. In order to compare measured and simulated results, the light produced by the scintillator was normalized to the absorbed dose‐to‐water at the point of measurement.ResultsAt high lead dopant concentrations, the scintillator's sensitivity to the 100 kVp beam increased by 474% relative to the 15 MeV electron beam; the scintillator's kB parameter increased from 0.126 to 0.27 mm/MeV. A model quantifying the change in kB and L0 as a function of Zeff was derived; presenting a modified Birks' Law for metal‐doped plastic scintillators.ConclusionThe impact of high‐Z doping on plastic scintillator response was quantified; this can allow for the controlled induction of energy dependence in plastic scintillator detectors.
Practical consequences of model misfit when using rating scales to assess the severity of attention problems in children
Authors: Crișan Daniela R. , Tendeiro Jorge N. , Wanders Rob B.K. , van Ravenzwaaij Don , Meijer Rob R. , Hartman Catharina A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, we examined the consequences of ignoring violations of assumptions underlying the use of sum scores in assessing attention problems (AP) and if psychometrically more refined models improve predictions of relevant outcomes in adulthood.MethodsTracking Adolescents' Individual Lives data were used. AP symptom properties were examined using the AP scale of the Child Behavior Checklist at age 11. Consequences of model violations were evaluated in relation to psychopathology, educational attainment, financial status, and ability to form relationships in adulthood.ResultsResults showed that symptoms differed with respect to information and difficulty. Moreover, evidence of multidimensionality was found, with two groups of items measuring sluggish cognitive tempo and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Item response theory analyses indicated that a bifactor model fitted these data better than other competing models. In terms of accuracy of predicting functional outcomes, sum scores were robust against violations of assumptions in some situations. Nevertheless, AP scores derived from the bifactor model showed some superiority over sum scores.ConclusionThese findings show that more accurate predictions of later‐life difficulties can be made if one uses a more suitable psychometric model to assess AP severity in children. This has important implications for research and clinical practice.
Super‐resolution for upper abdominal MRI: Acquisition and post‐processing protocol optimization using brain MRI control data and expert reader validation
Authors: Ebner Michael , Patel Premal A. , Atkinson David , Caselton Lucy , Firmin Louisa , Amin Zahir , Bainbridge Alan , De Coppi Paolo , Taylor Stuart A. , Ourselin Sébastien , Chouhan Manil D. , Vercauteren Tom 
Published: July 2019

PurposeMagnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an established specialist method for imaging the upper abdomen and biliary/pancreatic ducts. Due to limitations of either MR image contrast or low through‐plane resolution, patients may require further evaluation with contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) images. However, CT fails to offer the high tissue‐ductal‐vessel contrast‐to‐noise ratio available on T2‐weighted MR imaging.MethodsMR super‐resolution reconstruction (SRR) frameworks have the potential to provide high‐resolution visualizations from multiple low through‐plane resolution single‐shot T2‐weighted (SST2W) images as currently used during MRCP studies. Here, we (i) optimize the source image acquisition protocols by establishing the ideal number and orientation of SST2W series for MRCP SRR generation, (ii) optimize post‐processing protocols for two motion correction candidate frameworks for MRCP SRR, and (iii) perform an extensive validation of the overall potential of upper abdominal SRR, using four expert readers with subspeciality interest in hepato‐pancreatico‐biliary imaging.ResultsObtained SRRs show demonstrable advantages over traditional SST2W MRCP data in terms of anatomical clarity and subjective radiologists’ preference scores for a range of anatomical regions that are especially critical for the management of cancer patients.ConclusionsOur results underline the potential of using SRR alongside traditional MRCP data for improved clinical diagnosis.
Fishers' Knowledge and Perceptions of the Emerging Southern New England Jonah Crab Fishery
Authors: Truesdale Corinne L. , Dalton Tracey M. , McManus M. Conor 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Jonah crab Cancer borealis commercial landings in southern New England have increased approximately fivefold since the early 2000s. However, management of the Jonah crab fishery was not initiated until 2015, and it lacks the fisheries-independent data and life history information necessary to conduct a thorough stock assessment. To directly assess data gaps and address perspectives on the species and its fishery, we collected fishers' knowledge by interviewing 15 participants in the southern New England Jonah crab commercial fishery. Fishers' knowledge provided insight into biology and life history aspects of the species that are not well characterized in the scientific literature, including its habitat preferences and seasonal distribution. The interviews also identified topics that remain poorly understood by both scientists and harvesters, including stock structure and spawning seasonality. Fishery management perceptions and concerns varied among participants, but several predominant themes emerged, including a divergence in management concerns between fishers working on small, inshore vessels and those working on large, offshore vessels. Such findings emphasize the need to consider the Jonah crab fishing industry substructure when implementing management strategies. This study demonstrates the utility of fishers' knowledge for providing insight on species' biology and life history, unique insight into the structure of fishing industries, and pertinent information for future management considerations.
A correction method for finding lower bounds of eigenvalues of the second‐order elliptic and Stokes operators
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yang Yidu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, for the second‐order elliptic and Stokes eigenvalue problems with variable coefficients, we propose a correction method to nonconforming eigenvalue approximations and prove that the corrected eigenvalues converge to the exact ones asymptotically from below. In particular, the asymptotic lower bound property of corrected eigenvalues is always valid whether the eigenfunctions are smooth or singular. Finally, we prove that the convergence order of corrected eigenvalues is still the same as that of uncorrected eigenvalues.