bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of drug‐induced anaphylaxis in children: An EAACI position paper
Authors: Atanaskovic‐Markovic Marina , Gomes Eva , Cernadas Josefina Rodrigues , du Toit George , Kidon Mona , Kuyucu Semanur , Mori Francesca , Ponvert Claude , Terreehorst Ingrid , Caubet Jean‐Christoph 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) constitute a major and common public health problem, particularly in children. One of the most severe manifestations of DHR is anaphylaxis, which might be associated with a life‐threatening risk. During those past decades, anaphylaxis has received particularly a lot of attention and international consensus guidelines have been recently published. Whilst drug‐induced anaphylaxis is more commonly reported in adulthood, less is known about the role of drugs in pediatric anaphylaxis. Betalactam antibiotics and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are the most commonly involved drugs, probably related to high prescription rates. Diagnosis relies on the recognition of symptoms pattern and is based on complete allergic workup, particularly including skin tests and/or specific IgE. However, the real diagnostic value of those tests to diagnose immediate reactions in children remains not well defined for a significant number of the drugs. Generally, a drug provocation test is discussed to confirm or exclude an immediate‐onset drug‐induced hypersensitivity. Although avoidance of the incriminated drug (and related drug) is the rule, rapid desensitization is useful in selected subgroups of patients. There is a need for large, multicentric studies, to evaluate the real diagnostic value of the currently available skin tests. Moreover there is also a need to develop new diagnostic tests in the future to improve the management of these children.
Skin tests are important in children with β‐lactam hypersensitivity, but may be reduced in number
Authors: Diaferio Lucia , Chiriac Anca Mirela , Leoni Maria Chiara , Castagnoli Riccardo , Caimmi Silvia , Miniello Vito Leonardo , Demoly Pascal , Caimmi Davide 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThere is no perfect agreement on how to perform an allergy workup in suspected beta‐lactam (BL)–allergic children, since skin test (ST)–induced pain is often a limitation. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of reducing the number of ST in children when performing a complete allergy workup for BL hypersensitivity reactions.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients referring to the Allergy Unit of the University Hospital of Montpellier (France) with positive responses in immediateand non–immediate‐reading ST to a BL over a 16‐year period was performed, to determine the positive predictive value (PPV) of ST. All pediatric patients with a suspected BL hypersensitivity were skin‐tested with the suspected drug only, during the following 54 months.ResultsA total of 319 patients reporting 328 BL reactions were included in the retrospective study. The PPV of ST for the reported drug was of 99.4%. Based on the results, the number of patients to include in the prospective study was estimated to be 101. In the prospective study, 229 children were included. We diagnosed a BL hypersensitivity in 12 children (5.2%): Diagnosis was reached in 6 (50.0%) through ST (delayed reading for all) and in 6 through drug provocation test (DPT).ConclusionST with BL should therefore be performed as a screening test, before DPT, and testing only the suspected drug may be sufficient when dealing with children.
Pediatric non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: Characteristics, stratification, and treatment at a single institute in Thailand
Authors: Choeyprasert Worawut , Anurathapan Usanarat , Pakakasama Samart , Sirachainan Nongnuch , Songdej Duantida , Lertthammakiat Surapong , Hongeng Suradej 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the modern era of chemotherapy, the outcome of pediatric non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) continues to improve internationally. Limited data such as information on epidemiology and survival, however, are available in Asian countries.MethodsChildren (≤15 years old) diagnosed with histologically proven NHL from 1998 to 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsIn total, 114 patients were enrolled; they were predominantly male (65.8%) and had advanced disease (stage III, IV; 71.9%). Of these, 22.8% had Burkitt lymphoma, 20.2% had diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, 21.1% had lymphoblastic lymphoma, 20.2% had large cell lymphoma, and 15.8% had peripheral T‐cell lymphoma. Twenty‐nine patients died, especially of uncontrolled disease (62.1%) and infection (20.7%). During a median follow up of 78.4 months, Kaplan–Meier 5 year event‐free and overall survival rates were 71.5% ± 4.3% and 74.8% ± 4.1%, respectively, regardless of subtype. B symptoms (i.e. systemic symptoms of fever, night sweats, and weight loss that can be associated with both Hodgkin's lymphoma and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma) and advanced disease had a significant negative impact on 5 year survival. No other prognostic factor was found, but survival tended to have a negative correlation with age.ConclusionsPediatric NHL is aggressive, with a high prevalence of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma. The present treatment stratification seems to be effective compared with that used in developed countries.
“Inverted” positioning of renal allograft during kidney transplantation in children and adolescents: A single‐institution comparative analysis
Authors: Ramesh Smruthi , Taylor Katherine , Koyle Martin A. , Lorenzo Armando J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRenal transplantation is the treatment of choice in children with end‐stage renal failure. Limitations in patient anatomy or a short donor renal vein may necessitate intraoperative inversion of the kidney. There is little evidence to support the use of this surgical technique, and no evidence in the pediatric population. This study identifies the perioperative and post‐operative outcomes of inverted renal transplants in pediatric patients. We reviewed all patients having a renal transplant between January 2012 and December 2016 and collected short‐ and long‐term outcomes of patients who received an inverted allograft. Early graft function was defined as the time to reach creatinine nadir. During this time, our hospital performed 81 transplants, and 50 (62%) were from deceased donors, including the 6 (12%) patients who received inverted renal grafts. Half (3/6) were female, 5/6 (83%) were dialysis‐dependent, and the median age at surgery was 13 years (range 9‐16 years). There was no significant difference in mean creatinine nadir values (P = 0.518) and the time to creatinine nadir mean values (P = 0.190) between the upright and inverted renal transplant groups. There were also no significant differences in rates of post‐operative complications between the upright and inverted allograft recipients. Inversion of renal allografts in pediatric patients is a viable surgical technique to compensate for shortcomings in patient anatomy or in special cases of renal transplantation involving a short donor renal vein. Future research should focus on outcomes of a larger group of pediatric inverted renal transplant patients.
Comparison of 10‐year graft failure rates after induction with basiliximab or anti‐thymocyte globulin in pediatric heart transplant recipients—The influence of race
Authors: Carlo Waldemar F. , Bryant Roosevelt , Zafar Farhan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe impact of induction therapy in pediatric heart transplantation has been uncertain. Given the risk of poor outcomes in black pediatric heart transplant recipients, we evaluated the effect on graft survival of ATG and BAS induction in black and non‐black pediatric recipients.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of pediatric candidates (aged ≤18 years) who underwent heart transplantation from 2000 to 2016 identified from the UNOS database. Primary outcome was 10‐year graft survival.ResultsThis study included 654 patients receiving BAS, 2385 patients receiving ATG, and 2425 receiving no induction. Ten‐year survival was similar for the following groups: non‐black BAS (57%), non‐black ATG (66%), and black ATG (51%). The black BAS group had a 10‐year graft survival of 39% which was inferior on pairwise comparison to the other groups (all P values < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, ATG was associated with decreased risk of graft failure when compared to no induction (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76‐0.97, P = 0.011) and had an association approaching statistical significance when compared to BAS induction (0.84, 0.7‐1.01, P = 0.069). This association was seen in black recipients in whom ATG was strongly associated with decreased risk of graft failure when compared to either no induction (0.65, 0.5‐0.83, P = 0.001) or BAS (0.64, 0.46‐0.89, P = 0.008) but was not seen in non‐black recipients.ConclusionsBlack pediatric heart transplant recipients who received ATG induction had an improved long‐term graft survival compared to those who received BAS induction or no induction.
A comparison of post‐transplant renal function in pre‐emptive and post‐dialysis pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Kim Jin K. , Lorenzo Armando J. , Farhat Walid A. , Chua Michael E. , Ming Jessica M. , Dos Santos Joana , Koyle Martin A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeLittle is known regarding post‐transplant renal function following pediatric pre‐emptive KT. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether there is a difference in 1 year post‐transplant renal function outcomes between pre‐emptive and post‐dialysis KT in pediatric transplant recipients.MethodsA retrospective review of patients who underwent kidney transplant at our institution between 2000 and 2015 was performed. Kidney transplant recipients were divided into four groups: pre‐DD, post‐DD, pre‐LD, and post‐LD. The clinical outcomes, measured in eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), acute rejection episodes within 1 year, and hospitalization within 1 year were compared to between groups in their respective donor types (pre‐DD vs post‐DD; pre‐LD vs post‐LD).ResultsThe 324 patients were identified (21 pre‐DD, 151 post‐DD, 54 pre‐LD, and 98 post‐LD). Post‐DD group had more females (P = 0.018) and post‐operative complications (P = 0.023), although there was no difference in complications requiring intervention (P = 0.129). Post‐LD patients were more likely to be females (P = 0.017) and those with intrinsic renal (non‐urological/structural) ESRD etiology (P = 0.003). The 1‐year eGFR was similar between pre‐DD and post‐DD groups (70.3 [IQR 53.5‐88.5] vs 74.3 [IQR 62.3‐90.5], P = 0.613), as well as pre‐LD and post‐LD groups (66.6 [IQR 47.8‐73.7] vs 63.9 [IQR 55.0‐77.1], P = 0.600). There were no significant differences in rates of acute rejection episodes or hospitalization within 1 year of transplantation for in LD/DD groups.ConclusionThere is no significant difference in renal function at 1 year post‐transplant in pediatric patients receiving pre‐emptive or post‐dialysis kidney transplants.
What is Phenomenology of Religion? (Part II): The Phenomenology of Religious Experience
Authors: Gschwandtner Christina M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article is part II of a consideration of phenomenology of religion focusing in this part on the conversation in contemporary French phenomenology. It begins with a brief comment about Heidegger's phenomenology of religious life and then engages most heavily those thinkers who discuss the phenomenon of religion in the Francophone context: Jean Héring, Emmanuel Lévinas, Jean‐Luc Marion, Michel Henry, Jean‐Yves Lacoste, Jean‐Louis Chrétien, and Emmanuel Falque. The article concludes with a brief consideration of the contemporary Anglophone conversation and the ways in which these French thinkers are appropriated in the current discussion about the phenomenality of religion.
Canine neutrophils cooperate with macrophages in the early stages of Leishmania infantum in vitro infection
Authors: Pereira Maria A. , Alexandre‐Pires Graça , Câmara Margarida , Santos Marcos , Martins Catarina , Rodrigues Armanda , Adriana Jéssica , Passero Luiz Felipe D. , Pereira da Fonseca Isabel , Santos‐Gomes Gabriela 
Published: February 2019

SummaryLeishmania infantum is the aetiological agent of human visceral leishmaniasis and canine leishmaniasis, both systemic and potentially fatal diseases. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to phagocyte this parasite at the inoculation site, but macrophages (MØ) are the definitive host cells, ensuring parasite replication. The interaction between dog MØ, PMN and L infantum promastigotes was in vitro investigated. It was observed that promastigotes establish contact with blood monocyte‐derived MØ mainly by the tip of the flagellum. These cells, that efficiently bind and internalize parasites, underwent major morphological changes, produced nitric oxide (NO) and released histone H1 in order to inactivate the parasite. Transfer of intracellular parasites from PMN to MØ was confirmed by flow cytometry, using L infantum expressing a green fluorescent protein. The interaction of MØ with L infantum‐infected PMN lead to NO production and release of extracellular traps, which may contribute to parasite containment and inactivation. This study highlights for the first time the diversity of cellular and molecular events triggered by the interaction between canine PMN and MØ, which can promote a reduction of parasite burden in the early phase of L infantum infection.
Tactile hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Ukai Katsuyuki 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundVisual hallucinations (VH) are one of the most common psychological symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). It is generally considered that the VH that occur in DLB usually disappear when patients try to touch imaginary objects. However, DLB patients also sometimes experience tactile hallucinations (TH). To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report to comprehensively describe the TH experienced by DLB patients.MethodsI searched the literature for case reports that described TH in Parkinson's disease (PD), PD dementia, or DLB. There were four reports regarding TH in PD, one of which was a review article published in 2017. I described the clinical courses of five representative cases of DLB in which TH were associated with VH, and then compared the characteristics of the TH experienced in DLB with those of the TH encountered in previously reported cases of PD.ResultsThe TH experienced by the DLB patients had very similar characteristics to the TH experienced by PD patients. However, the TH of the DLB patients differed from those of PD patients in the following respects: (i) when the DLB patients tried to touch the imaginary objects, they often did not disappear; (ii) the imaginary objects experienced by the DLB patients sometimes exhibited characteristic hardness and temperature; and (iii) the imaginary objects experienced by the DLB patients were often influenced by the patients’ behaviour, which in turn led to further hallucinations.ConclusionsBased on the abovementioned characteristics of the hallucinations of DLB patients, I propose that these phenomena represent a novel psychopathological entity, which I shall temporarily refer to as, ‘strengthening of VH by TH’.
Informal caregivers’ well‐being and care recipients’ quality of life and community reintegration – findings from a stroke survivor sample
Authors: Okoye Emmanuel Chiebuka , Okoro Sandra Chioma , Akosile Christopher Olusanjo , Onwuakagba Ifeoma Uchenna , Ihegihu Ebere Yvonne , Ihegihu Chima Collins 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundStroke is highly debilitating and requires long‐term care. Informal caregivers of stroke survivors play important roles in stroke rehabilitation. Caring for stroke survivors can negatively affect the caregivers’ well‐being and may adversely impact on their caregiving quality and subsequently on stroke survivors’ well‐being. There seems to be a dearth of research on the relationships between caregivers’ and stroke survivors’ well‐being.Aims and ObjectivesThis study was designed to determine the relationships among informal caregivers’ burden and quality of life (QOL) and stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration.MethodsThis ethically certified cross‐sectional survey involved 82 stroke survivors (mean age = 60.48 ± 11.13 years) and their 82 primary caregivers (mean age = 36.13 ± 13.69 years) consecutively recruited from seven conveniently sampled tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Caregivers Strain Index, Igbo‐culture adapted Maleka Stroke Community Reintegration Measure and Short‐Form 36‐item Health Survey questionnaires were used to assess the caregivers’ burden, survivors’ community reintegration and QOL (of survivors and caregivers), respectively. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Spearman rank, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests at alpha level of 0.05.ResultsThe mean stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL were 34.05 ± 21.54% and 34.93 ± 16 ± 49%, respectively. The mean caregivers’ QOL and burden scores were 74.49 ± 12.61% and 9.13 ± 3.18, respectively. About 80.5% of the caregivers experienced significant burden. Stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration, and caregivers’ QOL and burden significantly correlated with one another (p < 0.05). Poststroke duration, survivor–caregiver cohabitation duration, survivors’ community‐dwelling duration and daily care‐giving hours significantly correlated with each of stroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL, and caregivers’ burden and QOL (p < 0.05).ConclusionsStroke survivors’ community reintegration and QOL were poor while caregivers’ had moderate QOL and high prevalence of significant burden. Significant correlations exist between caregivers’ well‐being and stroke survivors’ QOL and community reintegration. Interventions targeted at reducing caregivers’ burden may help improve both caregivers and survivors’ well‐being.
Development of a coping model for work‐related fear among staff working in emergency department in Finland – study for nursing and medical staff
Authors: Mikkola Riitta , Huhtala Heini , Paavilainen Eija 
Published: February 2019

The emergency department is a workplace where the staff regularly encounter new challenges and factors that can cause fear. The aim of this study was to describe coping with work‐related fear among emergency department staff. The study explains the current coping methods of emergency department staff and the requirement for support as well as the availability of support. A coping model for work‐related fear was also developed and will be presented. The study was conducted using a survey developed specifically for this study, which included the Brief COPE Inventory. The study was conducted in 16 hospitals (N = 544) among the doctors, nurses, practical nurses, and orderlies of the emergency departments. The results were analysed using statistical methods such as frequencies, cross‐tabulation, principal component analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. All values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results showed that nearly all of the emergency department personnel had experienced work‐related fear. Most of the respondents to the survey would have wanted more support, professional help, preventive action and more resources for the emergency department. The emergency department staff had used several coping methods to cope with fear. The most commonly used coping methods were problem‐focused coping and social support. Based on the results of the study, it is possible to increase the availability of coping methods and further develop the existing coping methods.
Effect of health literacy of caregivers on survival rates of patients under palliative care
Authors: Metin Salih , Demirci Hakan , Metin Aybuke Tugce 
Published: February 2019

AimIn this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of health literacy of the patient caregiver on the care results of palliative care patients.MethodsTwo hundred and forty‐two patients who were hospitalised in palliative care units of seven hospitals in the city in January 2018 were involved in the study. Mortality of the patients was checked 3 months later. A survey interrogating the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and Turkish translation of Health Literacy Survey – European Union to measure the health literacy level of the caregivers were used.ResultsAbout 19.50% of the patient caregivers are in adequate (sufficient/perfect) HL group in term of general HL. Caregivers had difficulty to access information/knowledge of what to do in case of emergency. Prevalence of bedsore occurrence in patients whose caregiver has ‘inadequate’ HL is higher than patients whose caregiver has ‘adequate’ HL. Rate of ‘inadequate HL’ of the caregiver is higher in dead group. As the length of hospitalisation variable value increases 1 unit, risk of mortality decreases 2%.ConclusionsHealth literacy levels of the individuals dealing with the care of palliative unit patients hospitalised in our region are low. Amelioration of health literacy of the caregivers will have a direct effect on patient health and prevention of complications. Improving health literacy must be a priority target for a more quality patient care and less complication. The issues that caregivers felt themselves insufficient should be addressed and necessary actions should be taken in the identified issues.
Is surgical PD catheter insertion safe for urgent‐start peritoneal dialysis?
Authors: Javaid Muhammad M. , Khan Behram A. , Subramanian Srinivas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUrgent‐start peritoneal dialysis (USPD) is increasingly seen as a viable alternative to hemodialysis through a central venous catheter for late‐presenting end‐stage renal disease patients. However, concerns remain about starting dialysis early following the surgical implantation of the peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter; urgent PD is often thought to be a safe option only after minimally invasive percutaneous catheter insertions. Analysis of the cumulative data from published literature presented in this review appears to negate this general perception and shows that compared to the percutaneous catheter insertions, starting PD urgently following surgically placed catheter is not associated with more catheter leaks, dysfunctions, or other complications. The outcome of USPD is independent of the mode of catheter insertion. Instead, measures to minimize intra‐peritoneal pressure including using the low initial dwell volume based on patient's weight and body habitus and keeping patients in strict supine posture during exchanges in the first 2 weeks of treatment are the two most important factors ensuring a minimization of the risk of catheter‐related complications.
Development of the Collectivist‐Sensitive Trait Forgivingness Scale
Authors: Cowden Richard G. , Worthington Everett L. , Nonterah Camilla W. , Cairo Athena H. , Griffin Brandon J. , Hook Joshua N. 
Published: February 2019

Mounting evidence suggests that experiences of forgiveness vary across cultures. However, culturally sensitive conceptualizations of forgiveness lack empirical support, in part because psychometrically sound instruments designed to capture unique aspects of forgiveness in non‐Western cultures are rare. For this reason, we developed the Collectivist‐Sensitive Trait Forgivingness Scale (TFS‐CS), which is designed to measure trait forgivingness within societies characterized by a blend of individualistic and collectivistic worldviews. In Study 1 (N = 597), exploratory factor analysis revealed a 16‐item three‐factor structure of third‐party forgiveness, collectivistic forgiveness, and interpersonal resentment among South Africans. In Study 2 (N = 897), the three‐factor model replicated in an independent South African sample. Findings also offered preliminary evidence supporting the construct validity of the TFS‐CS. Overall, these studies support a conceptualization of trait forgivingness with similarities and differences relative to Western models and highlight the importance of appreciating the influence of culture when measuring forgiveness.