bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low detection rate of advanced neoplasia within 5 years after polypectomy of small serrated adenoma
Authors: Jin Duochen , Cao Hailong , Shah Bikash Kumar , Chen Danfeng , Zhang Yujie , Liu Tianyu , Dong Wenxiao , Wang Sinan , Qi Yanrong , Wang Bangmao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimPatients with small serrated adenomas (SAs) (&lt;10 mm) often undergo surveillance colonoscopy before the routine recommended time. We aimed to determine the appropriate surveillance intervals following polypectomy of small SAs for symptomatic patients.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 638 patients, including 122 cases and 516 controls. Subjects in the case group had small SAs at baseline colonoscopy, including sessile SA/polyps and traditional SAs, while subjects in the control group had negative findings. All patients underwent at least one surveillance colonoscopy during the following 5 years.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the incidence rate of advanced neoplasia between the two groups over a 5-year duration (3.6% vs 2.6%, p=0.455). Moreover, both groups also showed a low prevalence of SA formation over 1–5 years (3.6% vs 1.0%, p=0.145). Patients with baseline SA tended to undergo the first surveillance colonoscopy earlier than those without adenoma (≤1 year vs 1 to ≤3 years). Seventy-one (11.1%) of the total included subjects underwent inadequate initial colonoscopy, and 30 (42.3%) underwent early surveillance of adenoma formation within 1 year. Patients with a family history of colorectal cancer (OR 4.69, 95% CI 1.48 to 14.71, p=0.017) or inadequate baseline colonoscopy (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.202 to 8.409, p=0.035) were at a higher risk of metachronous adenoma formation during the surveillance period.ConclusionPatients with small SAs at baseline gain little benefit from follow-up of colonoscopy within 5 years after complete polypectomy.
MRI of skeletal muscles in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: characteristic findings and diagnostic performance in dermatomyositis
Authors: Ukichi Taro , Yoshida Ken , Matsushima Satoshi , Kawakami Go , Noda Kentaro , Furuya Kazuhiro , Kurosaka Daitaro 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo define the characteristic findings on MRI of skeletal muscles in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) relative to those in patients with other idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) and to assess their diagnostic performance in DM.MethodsThirty-six patients with DM, 17 patients with amyopathic DM, 19 patients with polymyositis and 16 patients with non-IIM classified by the 2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology criteria were included in this study. The following MRI findings (short-tau inversion recovery [STIR] and gadolinium-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted imaging [Gd-T1WI]) for proximal limb muscles were compared between the disease groups and between myositis-specific autoantibodies/myositis-associated autoantibodies (MSAs/MAAs)-positive and MSAs/MAAs-negative groups: structures with high signal intensity (HSI) (subcutaneous, fascia, muscle); distributions of HSI areas in muscle (diffuse, patchy, peripheral) and patterns of HSI in muscle (honeycomb, foggy, strong HSI). Univariate, multivariate and receiver-operating characteristic [ROC] analyses were performed to assess the diagnostic performance of MRI in DM.ResultsThe characteristic MRI findings in patients with DM were subcutaneous HSI, fascial HSI, peripheral distribution and honeycomb pattern. The MRI findings in the MSAs/MAAs-positive group included more frequent fascial HSI but less frequent foggy pattern compared with the MSAs/MAAs-negative group. Likelihood of DM score ≥ 3 (obtained by counting the number of characteristic MRI findings in patients with DM) showed good diagnostic performance in DM (STIR: sensitivity 72.2%, specificity 88.5%, area under ROC curve [AUC] 84.9%; Gd-T1WI: sensitivity 81.2%, specificity 91.5%, AUC 89.9%).ConclusionThe characteristic MRI findings of skeletal muscles can predict patients with DM as well as patients with MSAs/MAAs.
Bifurcations and Multistability in a Model of Cytokine-Mediated Autoimmunity
Authors: Fatehi Farzad , Kyrychko Yuliya N. , Molchanov Robert , Blyuss Konstantin B. 
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates the dynamics of immune response and autoimmunity with particular emphasis on the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs), T cells with different activation thresholds, and cytokines in mediating T cell activity. Analysis of the steady states yields parameter regions corresponding to regimes of normal clearance of viral infection, chronic infection, or autoimmune behavior, and the boundaries of stability and bifurcations of relevant steady states are found in terms of system parameters. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate different dynamical scenarios, and to identify basins of attraction of different steady states and periodic solutions, highlighting the important role played by the initial conditions in determining the outcome of immune interactions.
Vemurafenib Inhibits Active PTK6 inPTEN-null Prostate Tumor Cells
Authors: Wozniak Darren J. , Hitchinson Ben , Gilic Milica B. , Bie Wenjun , Gaponenko Vadim , Tyner Angela L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProtein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6, also called BRK) is overexpressed and activated in human prostate cancer. Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN, a frequent event in prostate cancer, leads to PTK6 activation at the plasma membrane and its oncogenic signaling. The small molecule inhibitor vemurafenib, also known as PLX4032, and its tool analog PLX4720 were designed to inhibit constitutively active BRAF V600E, yet they also have potent effects against PTK6. Vemurafenib is used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, but its efficacy in prostate cancer has not been assessed. When activated at the plasma membrane, PTK6 promotes signaling through FAK, EGFR, and ERK1/2, and we show this can be blocked by vemurafenib. In addition, PTK6-mediated cell growth, migration, and invasion are inhibited upon vemurafenib administration. Using a flank xenograft model, vemurafenib treatment reduced tumor burden. Using saturation transfer difference NMR and molecular docking, we demonstrate that vemurafenib binds in the active site of PTK6, inhibiting its activation. These structural studies provide insight into the PTK6–vemurafenib complex, which can be utilized for further refinement chemistry, whereas functional studies demonstrate that active PTK6 is a viable drug target in prostate cancer.
Hyperkalemia Is Associated With Increased Mortality Among Unselected Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Brueske Benjamin , Sidhu Mandeep S. , Schulman‐Marcus Joshua , Kashani Kianoush B. , Barsness Gregory W. , Jentzer Jacob C. 
Published: March 2019

Background

Hyperkalemia has been associated with increased mortality in patients with myocardial infarction, but few data exist regarding hyperkalemia in cardiac intensive care unit (
CICU
) patients. We hypothesize that hyperkalemia is associated with increased mortality in unselected
CICU
patients.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively reviewed a historical cohort of 9681
CICU
patients admitted from January 2007 to December 2015. Hyperkalemia was defined as admission potassium ≥5.0 mEq/L and hypokalemia as admission potassium <3.5 mEq/L. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of in‐hospital mortality. Postdischarge survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. The mean age of included patients was 67±15 years, with 36% females, and in‐hospital mortality was 9%. Hyperkalemia occurred in 1187 (12.3%) and hypokalemia occurred in 719 (7.4%) patients. Both patients with hyperkalemia (unadjusted odds ratio, 2.85; 95%
CI,
2.40–3.39;
P
<0.001) and patients with hypokalemia (unadjusted odds ratio, 2.31; 95%
CI,
1.85–2.88;
P
<0.001) were at increased risk of unadjusted in‐hospital mortality. After adjustment for illness severity and renal function, only patients with hyperkalemia demonstrated increased risk of in‐hospital death (adjusted odds ratio, 1.44; 95%
CI,
1.11–1.87;
P
=0.006). Among hospital survivors, only patients with hyperkalemia had lower postdischarge survival by Kaplan–Meier analysis (
P
<0.001). After adjustment for illness severity and renal function, hospital survivors with admission hyperkalemia remained at increased risk for postdischarge mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; 95%
CI,
1.08–1.34;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Hyperkalemia on
CICU
admission is associated with higher in‐hospital and postdischarge mortality, independent of renal function and illness severity. These findings emphasize the importance of potassium abnormalities as a risk predictor in patients admitted to the
CICU
.
Migration as Foundation: Hagar, the ‘Resident Alien’, as Euro-America’s Surrogate Self *
Authors: Sherwood Yvonne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper I use Hagar as a type of the shifting modern figure of the migrant, refugee or ‘resident alien’ inside the national family. In a modern update of the productively anachronistic typologies attempted by the Church Fathers, I use the presence of the Egyptian slave in biblical-European foundations to trouble the unstable concept of Europe/Christendom founded on a (distant) Christian heritage. I also use what I’m calling the ‘Hagaramic’ to disturb bland invocations of the ‘Abrahamic’ on the contemporary political stage. What happens when we replace the spiritualised, fraternal/paternal figure of the Abrahamic with the Hagaramic: the immigrant mimic of the Abrahamic; the resident female Egyptian alien who is there before, and supports and enables, the ‘true’ family? How does my attempt to use this figure relate to earlier attempts (by thinkers like Sigmund Freud or Edward Said) to draw on strange old biblical figures to force European identities outside themselves?
Geopolitical Economy and the Chimera of Hegemony
Authors: Lubbock Rowan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This review critically engages with Radhika Desai’s concept of geopolitical economy as a framework for understanding the evolution of the capitalist state system. While presenting a useful challenge to many of the most deeply-held beliefs in International Relations theory, Desai’s over-reliance on a geopolitical lens produces a relatively one-sided account of the ways in which capitalism forges distinct international regimes and ideological formations under a given set of historical conditions of possibility. Thus, Desai’s somewhat opaque reading of the international relations of capitalism clouds our understanding of what the current conjuncture might entail for any possible future beyond the social discipline of capital.
War Families and the Iraq Wars
Authors: Sjoberg Laura 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that it is not just that wars impact people’s lives—it is that people live wars and wars are constituted by people living them. It is appropriate to think of war as happening on battlefields and in bedrooms, in command centers and in kitchens, with fighter planes and with soup cans. Using this interpretation of war as everyday experience, this article looks at Iraqi war families—that is, families constituted by and constitutive of the Iraq war(s). It begins with five vignettes that tell some, by necessity, partial, stories of the complexity of families living the war(s). Drawing from those vignettes and aggregated data, the article explores changing demographic, nutritional, and health dynamics of Iraqi families over the successive years of war and conflict in Iraq. The article concludes with a contextualization of war families, and a look forward for families in Iraq’s near future.
Explaining Marriage Payments
Authors: Safar Jihan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe high amount of mahr paid by the groom to the bride, among other marriage payments, constitutes a real burden for young Omanis today. This article sheds light on the main factors and motives that determine the amount of the mahr. Paradoxically, new consumerist desires, more highly educated women, and “love marriages” seem to coincide inversely with rising marriage payments. Modernization variables, such as women’s education and exogamous marriages, are not decreasing the mahr as predicted by theories of modernization, nor is institutional regulation effectively decreasing the amount. Beyond its economic aspects, mahr needs to be situated in its social, political, and cultural dimensions to better understand the complexity and variability of this institution. This article answers fundamental questions about how the mahr amount is fixed and negotiated between families in Oman.The study was carried out in Oman in 2016. Thirty-nine semi-structured interviews were conducted in different areas of the country in order to give firsthand information on the evolution, motives, perceptions, experiences, attitudes, and mechanisms related to matrimonial decision-making and familial strategies during the mahr bargaining. In addition to ethnographic research, a general online survey was conducted to provide statistical data on the main economic and non-economic factors that determine the mahr amount.
Islamic Financial Law and the Law of the United Arab Emirates: Disjuncture and the Necessity for Reform
Authors: Ercanbrack Jonathan George 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Islamic financial law (IFL), an emerging global legal order, is a highly fragmented law comprised of both state and non-state generated laws, standards, commercial practices, institutions, fatwās and legal ideas. A recent event involving ṣukūk issuance in which Dana Gas claimed that its ṣukūk were no longer Sharīʿah-compliant highlights the legal disjuncture between global IFL and the laws of municipal legal systems, which have chosen to facilitate and regulate Islamic finance. Systemic legal issues or ‘legal gaps’ undermine investor confidence and impede sustainable development of the Islamic finance industry. Legal gaps include but are not limited to undeveloped securities laws, enforceability issues and a lack of clarity with respect to the role and effect of the Sharīʿah in the municipal legal systems of many MENA (Middle East/North Africa) states. This paper analyses these gaps and in so doing illustrates the relationship of IFL to the law of the United Arab Emirates.
Fundamental Legal Treatment of Trafficking in Women on a Lebanese and International Level
Authors: Barafi Jamal 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Throughout history, many women have lived in slave-like conditions and have suffered oppression, coercion and disrespect, as well as being deprived of their social, political, and essential natural rights. Therefore, the aim of this research is to focus on the role of international legislation in combating the crime of trafficking in women and in reducing its effects. This article first examines multiple forms of trafficking in women and how this heinous crime is facilitated. Thereafter solutions to the crime of trafficking in women are covered under international law, narrowing its focus to Lebanese legislation and its compatibility with international legislation. Organisations working in this regard in Lebanon are examined, alongside the most important cases of trafficking in women in this country.
On the Relative Nature of (Pitch-Based) Crossmodal Correspondences
Authors: Spence Charles 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This review deals with the question of the relative vs absolute nature of crossmodal correspondences, with a specific focus on those correspondences involving the auditory dimension of pitch. Crossmodal correspondences have been defined as the often-surprising crossmodal associations that people experience between features, attributes, or dimensions of experience in different sensory modalities, when either physically present, or else merely imagined. In the literature, crossmodal correspondences have often been contrasted with synaesthesia in that the former are frequently said to be relative phenomena (e.g., it is the higher-pitched of two sounds that is matched with the smaller of two visual stimuli, say, rather than there being a specific one-to-one crossmodal mapping between a particular pitch of sound and size of object). By contrast, in the case of synaesthesia, the idiosyncratic mapping between inducer and concurrent tends to be absolute (e.g., it is a particular sonic inducer that elicits a specific colour concurrent). However, a closer analysis of the literature soon reveals that the distinction between relative and absolute in the case of crossmodal correspondences may not be as clear-cut as some commentators would have us believe. Furthermore, it is important to note that the relative vs absolute question may receive different answers depending on the particular (class of) correspondence under empirical investigation.
Ghazan Khan’s Political Will and Testament: Further Light on the Mongol Household
Authors: Melville Charles 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTowards the end of his life, Ghazan Khan (r.1295–1304) made arrangements for the continuation of the Ilkhanid government along the lines he had established in his short but formative reign. Rashid al-Din refers briefly to Ghazan’s last testament (vasiyat-nama) but gives no details; however, Qashani in his history of Öljeitü reproduces it as a document and Vassaf, writing around the same time, presents it as a speech made by Ghazan to the assembled courtiers. This paper will compare the two texts and seek to identify both the offices and the office-holders mentioned, with a view to better understanding the underpinning of political power and faction in the Ilkhanate.
A Tripole Pattern of Summertime Rainfall and the Teleconnections Linking Northern China to the Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Zhang Jie , Chen Haishan , Zhao Siwen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Because of the interactive margin between the East Asian summer monsoon and westerly circulation, summer rainfall in northern China (NC) exhibits high variability. By employing reanalysis data and geostationary satellite data from the Fengyun-2G (FY-2G) satellite and using the linear baroclinic model (LBM) and Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, this study suggests a tripole pattern in summer rainfall over NC and the Indian subcontinent (IS) that is related to the Indian summer monsoon. The distributions of atmospheric circulation indicate three teleconnections: one is from the IS via the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) and NC, enhancing the Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern; another is from the IS via west-central Asia and NC, arousing a Eurasian wave pattern; and the third is an IS–TP–NC pattern via the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Those teleconnections modulate vorticity and atmospheric stability over NC. In addition, along with the circulation distribution related to those teleconnections, two pathways of moisture transport related to the IS rainfall are suggested, except for moisture transport via the Bay of Bengal: one is from the Indo-Pacific to NC due to enhancing cyclones over the Indo-Pacific and a PJ-like pattern; and another is from the IS to NC via the TP within the midtroposphere, which modulates midtroposphere moisture fluxes and atmospheric stability over NC. Both teleconnections and moisture transport result in anomalous rainfall over NC. This study reveals a new mechanism and pathway of the Indian summer monsoon impacting NC rainfall, possibly explaining the reason behind the high variability in NC rainfall.
A Novel Device for the Evacuation of Cerumen
Authors: Katzenell Udi , Halperin Doron , Dahan Tzofit , Bartov Noam 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess a new device designed to safely remove cerumen from the external auditory canal in an office setting with minimal training. Methods: The research was conducted in the Department of Otolaryngology at Kaplan Medical Center in Israel. Patients with cerumen were treated with the device. Efficacy, safety, and pain were evaluated using scales developed for this experiment. The cerumen obstruction scale (0-5) was assessed before and after the procedure. Improvement by 2 or more grades was considered to indicate at successful procedure. Results: Fifty-nine ears in 46 patients were treated. Seventeen patients (37%) had recurrent cerumen impaction, and 14 (30.4%) used cotton swabs frequently. Fifty-two ears (88%) had hard cerumen. The procedure was successful in 51 ears (86.4%). In 48 ears (81%) there was no pain or mild pain, and in 11 ears (19%), the patient reported the procedure to be uncomfortable. Seven patients (15.2%) asked to abort the procedure because of discomfort or pain. In 39 ears (66%), the cerumen was evacuated easily. Inspection after the procedure revealed no injury in 56 ears (95%). Three ears (5%) had mild irritation of the ear canal, and none had injury to the tympanic membrane. Median length of the procedure was 30 ± 42.1 seconds (range, 2-240 seconds). The median number of insertions of the device in 1 procedure was 2 (range 1-7; SD, 1.3). Conclusions: The tested device is an effective and safe device for the evacuation of cerumen. It can be used by general practitioners, pediatricians, and audiologists.
Airway Biopsy Results From Patients With Suspected Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (2005-2015): Clinicopathological Correlation and Proposal of an Algorithm to Improve Diagnosis
Authors: Echeagaray Héctor , Tona Gabriel , Rivera-Rosales Rosa María , Ruiz Natllely , Castorena-Maldonado Armando , Flores-Suárez Luis Felipe 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the histologic diagnostic yield of airway biopsies with a suspected granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) diagnosis at a single center devoted to respiratory diseases using previously published criteria. A secondary aim was to apply the algorithm proposed by the European Medicines Agency to determine whether more biopsies were confidently identified as having GPA diagnoses. Methods: From a total of 132 airway biopsies (2005-2015), 50 were randomly selected for second review by an expert pathologist, and previously published criteria were applied. Thereafter, antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibody testing results and the European Medicines Agency algorithm were applied. Results: Repeat review and application of the published criteria resulted in an increase from 16 to 25 diagnoses of GPA. This increased to 35 of 50 when antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibody results and the European Medicines Agency algorithm were applied. Interobserver correlation was 57.5% among pathologists (κ = 0.19), which was likely due to missing clinical information and inadequate tissue samples. Patients with generalized disease were 2.6 times more likely to obtain diagnostic GPA airway biopsy results than those with limited disease (airway only). Conclusions: An increase in the diagnostic yield of this malady could be attained by following an algorithm that incorporates carefully retrieved clinical, endoscopic, and serologic data, coupled with systematic histopathologic sample review.