bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Precipitation Estimation with Operational Polarimetric Radar Measurements in Southern China: A Differential Phase–Based Variational Approach
Authors: Huang Hao , Zhao Kun , Zhang Guifu , Lin Qing , Wen Long , Chen Gang , Yang Zhengwei , Wang Mingjun , Hu Dongming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractQuantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) with polarimetric radar measurements suffers from different sources of uncertainty. The variational approach appears to be a promising way to optimize the radar QPE statistically. In this study a variational approach is developed to quantitatively estimate the rainfall rate (R) from the differential phase (ΦDP). A spline filter is utilized in the optimization procedures to eliminate the impact of the random errors in ΦDP, which can be a major source of error in the specific differential phase (KDP)-based QPE. In addition, R estimated from the horizontal reflectivity factor (ZH) is used in the a priori with the error covariance matrix statistically determined. The approach is evaluated by an idealized case and multiple real rainfall cases observed by an operational S-band polarimetric radar in southern China. The comparative results demonstrate that with a proper range filter, the proposed variational radar QPE with the a priori included agrees well with the rain gauge measurements and proves to have better performance than the other three approaches, that is, the proposed variational approach without the a priori included, the variational approach proposed by Hogan, and the conventional power-law estimator-based approach.
Reconsidering Labels and Primary Deviance
Authors: De Coster Stacy , Lutz Jennifer 
Published: April 2018

Objective: We assess Matsueda’s reflected appraisals model of delinquency across groups of previously delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents. We hypothesize that the reflected appraisals process, which entails incorporating informal appraisals by significant others into self-identities, differs across delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents. Method: We estimate cross-group models of the reflected appraisals process among delinquent and nondelinquent adolescents using the data (National Youth Survey) and methodology (structural equation modeling) from Matsueda’s original research. Results: The informal labeling and identity processes articulated in the reflected appraisals model better explain delinquency continuity than delinquency onset. Notable differences across previously delinquent and nondelinquent groups are found with respect to the influence of parental appraisals on reflected appraisals and with respect to the influence of race on parental and reflected appraisals. Conclusions: Informal labeling predicts both continuity and onset of delinquency. Continuity results from delinquent adolescents incorporating troublemaking appraisals into their self-identities and living up to those labels. Identity processes prove unimportant for linking troublemaking appraisals to delinquency among falsely appraised adolescents. Future research is needed to assess the possibility that false appraisals produce delinquency through processes articulated in general strain and defiance theories. We also discuss avenues for future research on race, identities, and delinquency.
Beyond Silence: A Randomized, Parallel-Group Trial Exploring the Impact of Workplace Mental Health Literacy Training with Healthcare Employees
Authors: Moll Sandra E. , Patten Scott , Stuart Heather , MacDermid Joy C. , Kirsh Bonnie 
Published: April 2018

Objective: This study sought to evaluate whether a contact-based workplace education program was more effective than standard mental health literacy training in promoting early intervention and support for healthcare employees with mental health issues. Method: A parallel-group, randomised trial was conducted with employees in 2 multi-site Ontario hospitals with the evaluators blinded to the groups. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 group-based education programs: Beyond Silence (comprising 6 in-person, 2-h sessions plus 5 online sessions co-led by employees who personally experienced mental health issues) or Mental Health First Aid (a standardised 2-day training program led by a trained facilitator). Participants completed baseline, post-group, and 3-mo follow-up surveys to explore perceived changes in mental health knowledge, stigmatized beliefs, and help-seeking/help-outreach behaviours. An intent-to-treat analysis was completed with 192 participants. Differences were assessed using multi-level mixed models accounting for site, group, and repeated measurement. Results: Neither program led to significant increases in help-seeking or help-outreach behaviours. Both programs increased mental health literacy, improved attitudes towards seeking treatment, and decreased stigmatized beliefs, with sustained changes in stigmatized beliefs more prominent in the Beyond Silence group. Conclusion: Beyond Silence, a new contact-based education program customised for healthcare workers was not superior to standard mental health literacy training in improving mental health help-seeking or help-outreach behaviours in the workplace. The only difference was a reduction in stigmatized beliefs over time. Additional research is needed to explore the factors that lead to behaviour change.
Diagnostic yield of ambulatory oesophageal studies on versus off proton pump inhibitors: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ang Daphne , Zheng Qishi , Shi Luming , Tack Jan 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundPatients with persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms despite proton pump inhibitors are increasingly encountered. It remains controversial if proton pump inhibitors should be stopped before functional oesophageal tests.AimThis meta‐analysis compares the positive yield of oesophageal studies performed off versus on proton pump inhibitors.MethodsPubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies. Outcomes assessed were the number of subjects with: elevated oesophageal acid exposure time when studied off versus on proton pump inhibitors; positive symptom index (≥50%) and/or positive symptom association probability (≥95%) for acid reflux; and/or non‐acid reflux events off versus on proton pump inhibitors. The random effects model was applied.ResultsFifteen studies (n = 5033 individuals; 33% on proton pump inhibitors; 32% men; mean age 52.1 years) were analysed. Pooled risk ratio for the comparison of high oesophageal acid exposure time off versus on proton pump inhibitors was 2.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42–3.28). The risk ratio of a positive symptom index (acid reflux) was 2.64 (95% CI 1.52–4.57) and the risk ratio of a positive symptom association probability (acid reflux) was 2.94 (95% CI 2.31–3.74). Conversely, the risk ratio of a positive symptom index (non‐acid reflux) was 0.96 (95% CI 0.49–1.88) and risk ratio of a positive symptom association probability (non‐acid reflux) was 0.54 (95% CI 0.30–0.99).ConclusionsOesophageal studies after proton pump inhibitor cessation improve the positive yield for acid reflux‐related events but reduce the detection of symptomatic non‐acid reflux events.
Posterior Subaxial Cervical Spine Screw Fixation: A Review of Techniques
Authors: Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Mudo Marcelo Luis , Tan Lee A. , Riew K. Daniel 
Published: April 2018

Study Design: A narrative literature review. Objectives: To review the surgical techniques of posterior screw fixation in the subaxial cervical spine. Methods: A broad literature review on the most common screw fixation techniques including lateral mass, pedicle, intralaminar and transfacet screws was performed on PubMed. The techniques and surgical nuances are summarized. Results: The following techniques were described in detail and presented with illustrative figures, including (1) lateral mass screw insertion: by Roy-Camille, Louis, Magerl, Anderson, An, Riew techniques and also a modified technique for C7 lateral mass fixation; (2) pedicle screw fixation technique as described by Abumi and also a freehand technique description; (3) intralaminar screw fixation; and finally, (4) transfacet screw fixation, as described by Takayasu, DalCanto, Klekamp, and Miyanji. Conclusions: Many different techniques of subaxial screw fixation were described and are available. To know the nuances of each one allows surgeons to choose the best option for each patient, improving the success of the fixation and decrease complications.
Biomechanics and Clinical Application of Translaminar Screws Fixation in Spine: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Chan Jimmy J. , Shepard Nicholas , Cho Woojin 
Published: April 2018

Study Design: Broad narrative review. Objectives: Translaminar screw (TLS) fixation was first described as a salvage technique for fixation of the axial spine. Better understanding of the spine anatomy allows for advancement in surgical techniques and expansion of TLS indications. The goal of this review is to discuss the anatomic feasibility of the TLS fixation in different region of the spine. Methods: A review of the current literatures on the principles, biomechanics, and clinical application of the translaminar screw technique in the axial, subaxial, and thoracolumbar spine. Results: Anatomic feasibility and biomechanical studies have demonstrated that TLS is a safe and strong fixation methods for fusion beyond just the axial spine. However, not all spine segments have wide enough lamina to accept TLS. Preoperative computed tomography scan can help ensure the feasibility and safety of TLS insertion. Recent clinical reports have validated the application of TLS in subaxial spine, thoracic spine, hangman’s fracture, and pediatric population. Conclusions: TLS can be used beyond axial spine; however, TLS insertion is only warranted when the lamina is thick enough to avoid further complications such as breakage. Preoperative computed tomography scans can be used to determine feasibility of such fixation construct.
Patient-Rated Trust of Spine Surgeons: Influencing Factors
Authors: Haglin Jack M. , Eltorai Adam E. M. , Kalagara Saisanjana , Kingrey Brandon , Durand Wessley M. , Aidlen Jessica P. , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: April 2018

Study Design: Descriptive analysis using publicly available data. Objectives: The purpose of this study was 2-fold: to assess patient-rated trustworthiness of spine surgeons as a whole and to assess if academic proclivity, region of practice, or physician sex affects ratings of patient perceived trust. Methods: Orthopedic spine surgeons were randomly selected from the North American Spine Society directory. Surgeon profiles on 3 online physician rating websites, HealthGrades, Vitals, and RateMDs were analyzed for patient-reported trustworthiness. Whether or not the surgeon had published a PubMed-indexed paper in 2016 was assessed with regard to trustworthiness scores. Total number of publications was also assessed. Individuals with >300 publications were excluded due to the likelihood of repeat names. Results: Recent publication and total number of publications has no relationship with online patient ratings of trustworthiness across all surgeons in this study. Region of practice likewise has no influence on mean trust ratings, yet varied levels of correlation are observed. Furthermore, there was no difference in trust scores between male and female surgeons. Conclusion: Total academic proclivity via indexed publications does not correlate with patient perceived physician trustworthiness among spine surgeons as reported on physician review websites. Furthermore, region of practice within the United States does not have an influence on these trust scores. Likewise, there is no difference in trust score between female and male spine surgeons. This study also highlights an increasing utility for physician rating websites in spine surgery for evaluating and monitoring patient perception.
Prenatal antibiotic exposure and childhood asthma: a population-based study
Authors: Loewen Keely , Monchka Barret , Mahmud Salaheddin M. , 't Jong Geert , Azad Meghan B. 
Published: April 2018

Antibiotic use during infancy alters gut microbiota and immune development and is associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. The impact of prenatal antibiotic exposure is unclear. We sought to characterise the association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and childhood asthma.We performed a population-based cohort study using prescription records, hospitalisation records and physician billing claims from 213 661 mother–child dyads born in Manitoba, Canada between 1996 and 2012. Associations were determined using Cox regression, adjusting for maternal asthma, postnatal antibiotics and other potential confounders. Sensitivity analyses evaluated maternal antibiotic use before and after pregnancy.36.8% of children were exposed prenatally to antibiotics and 10.1% developed asthma. Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of asthma (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.20–1.27). There was an apparent dose response (aHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.11–1.18 for one course; aHR 1.26, 95% CI 1.21–1.32 for two courses; and aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.44–1.59 for three or more courses). Maternal antibiotic use during 9 months before pregnancy (aHR 1.27, 95% CI 1.24–1.31) and 9 months postpartum (aHR 1.32, 95% CI 1.28–1.36) were similarly associated with asthma.Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated with a dose-dependent increase in asthma risk. However, similar associations were observed for maternal antibiotic use before and after pregnancy, suggesting the association is either not directly causal, or not specific to pregnancy.
Research priorities for respiratory nursing: a UK-wide Delphi study
Authors: Kelly Carol Ann , Kirkcaldy Andrew J. , Pilkington Melissa , Hodson Matthew , Welch Lindsay , Yorke Janelle , Knighting Katherine 
Published: April 2018

Respiratory nurses make a significant contribution to the delivery of respiratory healthcare, but there is a dearth of nurse-led, practice-focused, published research.Using a modified three-round Delphi, this study sought to identify research priorities for respiratory nursing to inform a national research strategy. Study information and the survey link were sent electronically to members of UK professional respiratory organisations. Round 1 had 78 items across 16 topics, informed by a systematic literature review. Respondents suggested additional items which were content analysed to inform Round 2. Respondents rated all items and ranked the topics in all rounds. To ensure rigour, rounds had an explicit focus with pre-determined criteria for consensus (70%).In total, 363 responses were received across Rounds 1, 2 and 3 (n=183, 95 and 85, respectively). The top five research priorities were: 1) “Patient understanding of asthma control”; 2) “The clinical and cost-effectiveness of respiratory nurse interventions”; 3) “The impact of nurse-led clinics on patient care”; 4) “Inhaler technique”; and 5) two topics jointly scored: “Prevention of exacerbations” and “Symptom management”.With potential international significance, this is the first UK study to identify research priorities for respiratory nursing, providing direction for those planning or undertaking research.
Efficacy of next treatment received after nivolumab progression in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Costantini Adrien , Corny Jennifer , Fallet Vincent , Renet Sophie , Friard Sylvie , Chouaid Christos , Duchemann Boris , Giroux-Leprieur Etienne , Taillade Laurent , Doucet Ludovic , Nguenang Marina , Jouveshomme Stéphane , Wislez Marie , Tredaniel Jean , Cadranel Jacques 
Published: April 2018

Nivolumab for the treatment of advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) evaluated in phase III trials showed 50% progression at first evaluation, but better overall survival (OS), suggesting regained efficacy of treatments given thereafter. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nivolumab and of next treatment received after nivolumab progression in patients with advanced NSCLC.Our multicentre retrospective study included all patients receiving nivolumab between January and December 2015. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS) of treatment given after nivolumab.The 303 patients had the following characteristics: median age 63 years, 69% males, 92% smokers, 67% performance status 0–1 and 61% adenocarcinoma. Nivolumab was given as second-line treatment in 40% of patients. With 13.7 months of median follow-up, nivolumab PFS and OS were 2.6 and 11.3 months, respectively. At the cut-off analysis 18% were controlled under nivolumab, 14% were deceased and 5% were lost to follow-up under nivolumab. Among the 191 (63%) patients eligible for post-nivolumab (PN) treatment, 115 (38%) received further treatment and were characterised by better performance status (p=0.028) and by receiving more injections of nivolumab (p=0.001). Global PN-OS and PN-PFS were 5.2 and 2.8 months, respectively. Drugs most frequently used after nivolumab were gemcitabine (23%), docetaxel (22%) and erlotinib (16%), with median PFS of 2.8, 2.7 and 2.0 months, respectively.Nivolumab produced similar efficacy as in phase III trials, although patients received nivolumab later and had worse performance status. 38% received treatment after nivolumab progression with efficacy comparable to historical second-line trials.
Impact of detecting and treating exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite footballers
Authors: Jackson Anna R. , Hull James H. , Hopker James G. , Dickinson John W. 
Published: April 2018

Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in elite football players and assess subsequent impact of therapy on airway health and exercise performance.97 male professional football players completed an airway health assessment with a eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) challenge to diagnose EIB. Players demonstrating a positive result (EVH+) were prescribed inhaler therapy depending on severity, including inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled short-acting β2-agonists, and underwent repeat assessment after 9 weeks of treatment. Eight players (EVH+n=3, EVH−n=5) completed a peak oxygen uptake (V′O2peak) test at initial and follow-up assessment.Out of the 97 players, 27 (28%) demonstrated a positive EVH result. Of these, 10 had no prior history (37%) of EIB or asthma. EVH outcome was not predictable by respiratory symptoms. Seven (24%) of the 27 EVH+players attended follow-up and demonstrated improved post-challenge spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 s pre-test −22.9±15.4%, post-test −9.0±1.6%; p=0.018). At follow-upV′O2peakimproved by 3.4±2.9 mL·kg−1·min−1in EVH+players compared to 0.1±2.3 mL·kg−1·min−1in EVH−players. Magnitude of inference analysis indicated treatment was possibly beneficial (74%) for exercise capacity.Elite football players have a high EIB prevalence. Treatment with inhaler therapy reduces EIB severity.
Four specific immunoglobulin domains in UNC-52/Perlecan function with NID-1/Nidogen during dendrite morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Celestrin Kevin , Díaz-Balzac Carlos A. , Tang Leo T. H. , Ackley Brian D. , Bülow Hannes E. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
The extracellular matrix is essential for various aspects of nervous system patterning. For example, sensory dendrites in flies, worms and fish have been shown to rely on coordinated interactions of tissues with extracellular matrix proteins. Here we show that the conserved basement membrane protein UNC-52/Perlecan is required for establishing the correct number of the highly ordered dendritic trees in the somatosensory neuron PVD in Caenorhabditis elegans. This function is dependent on four specific immunoglobulin domains, but independent of the known functions of UNC-52 in mediating muscle-skin attachment. Intriguingly, the four conserved immunoglobulin domains in UNC-52 are necessary to correctly localize the basement membrane protein NID-1/Nidogen. Genetic experiments further show that unc-52, nid-1 and genes of the netrin axon guidance signaling cassette share a common pathway to establish the correct number of somatosensory dendrites. Our studies suggest that, in addition to its role in mediating muscle-skin attachment, UNC-52 functions through immunoglobulin domains to establish an ordered lattice of basement membrane proteins, which may control the function of morphogens during dendrite patterning.
Phosphorylation of XIAP at threonine 180 controls its activity in Wnt signaling
Authors: Ng Victoria H. , Hang Brian I. , Sawyer Leah M. , Neitzel Leif R. , Crispi Emily E. , Rose Kristie L. , Popay Tessa M. , Zhong Alison , Lee Laura A. , Tansey William P. , Huppert Stacey , Lee Ethan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) plays an important role in preventing apoptotic cell death. XIAP has been shown to participate in signaling pathways, including Wnt signaling. XIAP regulates Wnt signaling by promoting the monoubiquitylation of the co-repressor Groucho/TLE family proteins, decreasing its affinity for the TCF/Lef family of transcription factors and allowing assembly of transcriptionally active β-catenin–TCF/Lef complexes. We now demonstrate that XIAP is phosphorylated by GSK3 at threonine 180, and that an alanine mutant (XIAPT180A) exhibits decreased Wnt activity compared to wild-type XIAP in cultured human cells and in Xenopus embryos. Although XIAPT180A ubiquitylates TLE3 at wild-type levels in vitro, it exhibits a reduced capacity to ubiquitylate and bind TLE3 in human cells. XIAPT180A binds Smac (also known as DIABLO) and inhibits Fas-induced apoptosis to a similar degree to wild-type XIAP. Our studies uncover a new mechanism by which XIAP is specifically directed towards a Wnt signaling function versus its anti-apoptotic function. These findings have implications for development of anti-XIAP therapeutics for human cancers.
Stylizacja na dziewięćdziesiąt dziewięć sposobów
Authors: Mitura Magdalena 
Published: April 2018

Ninety nine writing styles. Raymond Queneau according to Jan Gondowicz
The paper constitutes a review of translation techniques and strategies used by Jan Gondowicz in his translation of Exercises in Style by Raymond Queneau. Methodology of organising diversified content of the original is based on classification of metaboles developed by Groupe μ. Analyses have shown that the translative dominant is situated at the discourse level: the translator very skilfully plays with potential of the language and conventional text forms. Not only does he comply with organisation constraints or isotopies of the vast majority of Exercises, but at times goes deeper into a style imposed by a given formal constraints.
Idiolekt w przekładzie
Authors: Bednarczyk Anna 
Published: April 2018

Translation of idiolect
The article concerns the problem of translation of idiolect. The analysis was based on M. Bulgakov’s play Zoya’s apartment and its Polish translation. The author of the article came to the conclusion that the repetition of the effect, that is the identity of the functions carried out by the idiolect, is more important than the repetition of the same means of expression. Hence the translator’s desire to maintain the author’s idiolect, not to reproduce the original stylistic treatments. Such targeting of the translation allowed to derive from the wealth of both the source language and the language of translation. However, when reproducing the author’s of the given text idiolect, translation possibilities are limited to the characteristics typical of his style.