bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early intervention in psychosis
Authors: Birchwood Max , Todd Pauline , Jackson Chris 
Published: August 2018

Background We consider the evidence for the proposition that the early phase of psychosis (including the period of untreated psychosis) is a critical period' in which (a) long-term outcome is predictable, and (b) biological, psychological and psychosocial influences are developing and show maximum plasticity.Method First-episode prospective studies, predictors of outcome and the genesis of patients' key appraisals of their psychosis are reviewed.Results The data support the notion of the ‘plateau effect’, first coined by Tom McGlashan, which suggested that where deterioration occurs, it does so aggressively in the first 2-3 years; and that critical psychosocial influences, including family and psychological reactions to psychosis and psychiatric services, develop during this period.Conclusions The early phase of psychosis presents important opportunities for secondary prevention. We outline a prototype of intervention appropriate to the critical period. The data challenge the widely held assumption that first-episode psychosis is a benign illness posing little risk.
Combination of behaviour therapy with fluvoxamine in comparison with behaviour therapy and placebo
Authors: Hohagen F. , Winkelmann G. , Rasche-Räuchle H. , Hand I. , König A. , Münchau N. , Hiss H. , Geiger-Kabisch C. , Käppler C. , Schramm P. , Rey E. , Aldenhoff J. , Berger M. 
Published: August 2018

Background We investigated whether the combination of multimodal behaviour therapy (BT) with fluvoxamine is superior to BTand placebo in the acute treatment of severely ill in-patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Method In a randomised, double-blind design, 30 patients were treated for nine weeks with BT plus placebo and 30 patients with BT plus fluvoxamine (maximum dosage 300 mg, mean dose 288.1 mg). BT included exposure with response prevention, cognitive restructuring and development of alternative behaviours.Results Both groups showed a highly significant symptom reduction after treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups concerning compulsions. Obsessions were significantly more reduced in the fluvoxamine and BT group than in the placebo and BT group. Furthermore, the group BT plus fluvoxamine showed a significantly higher response rate (87.5 v. 60%) according to a previously defined response criterion. Severely depressed patients with OCD receiving BT plus placebo presented a significantly worse treatment outcome (Y–BOCS scores) than all other groups.Conclusions The results suggest that BTshould be combined with fluvoxamine when obsessions dominate the clinical picture and when a secondary depression is present.
Drosophila melanogaster as a function-based high-throughput screening model for antinephrolithiasis agents in kidney stone patients
Authors: Ali Sohrab N. , Dayarathna Thamara K. , Ali Aymon N. , Osumah Tijani , Ahmed Mohamed , Cooper Tyler T. , Power Nicholas E. , Zhang Dongxing , Kim Dajung , Kim Rachel , St. Amant Andre , Hou Jinqiang , Tailly Thomas , Yang Jun , Luyt Len , Spagnuolo Paul A. , Burton Jeremy P. , Razvi Hassan , Leong Hon S. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Kidney stone disease involves the aggregation of stone-forming salts consequent to solute supersaturation in urine. The development of novel therapeutic agents for this predominantly metabolic and biochemical disorder have been hampered by the lack of a practical pre-clinical model amenable to drug screening. Here, Drosophila melanogaster, an emerging model for kidney stone disease research, was adapted as a high-throughput functional drug screening platform independent of the multifactorial nature of mammalian nephrolithiasis. Through functional screening, the therapeutic potential of a novel compound commonly known as arbutin that specifically binds to oxalate, a key component of kidney calculi, was identified. Through isothermal titration calorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography and atomic force microscopy, arbutin was determined to interact with calcium and oxalate in both free and bound states, disrupting crystal lattice structure, growth and crystallization. When used to treat patient urine samples, arbutin significantly abrogated calculus formation in vivo and outperformed potassium citrate in low pH urine conditions, owing to its oxalate-centric mode of action. The discovery of this novel antilithogenic compound via D. melanogaster, independent of a mammalian model, brings greater recognition to this platform, for which metabolic features are primary outcomes, underscoring the power of D. melanogaster as a high-throughput drug screening platform in similar disorders. This is the first description of the use of D. melanogaster as the model system for a high-throughput chemical library screen.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
Ethical and scientific considerations on the establishment of a controlled human infection model for schistosomiasis in Uganda: report of a stakeholders’ meeting held in Entebbe, Uganda.
Authors: Elliott Alison M. , Roestenberg Meta , Wajja Anne , Opio Christopher , Angumya Francis , Adriko Moses , Egesa Moses , Gitome Serah , Mfutso-Bengo Joseph , Bejon Philip , Kapulu Melissa , Seager Zoe , Lutalo Tom , Nazziwa Winfred Badanga , Muwumuza Asuman , Yazdanbakhsh Maria , Kaleebu Pontiano , Kabatereine Narcis , Tukahebwa Edridah 
Published: August 2018

Controlled human infection (CHI) models are gaining recognition as an approach to accelerating vaccine development, for use in both non-endemic and endemic populations: they can facilitate identification of the most promising candidate vaccines for further trials and advance understanding of protective immunity. Helminths present a continuing health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccine development for these complex organisms is particularly challenging, partly because protective responses are akin to mechanisms of allergy. A CHI model forSchistosoma mansoni(CHI-S) has been developed at Leiden University Medical Centre, the Netherlands. However, responses to schistosome infections, and candidate vaccines, are likely to be different among people from endemic settings compared to schistosome-naïve Dutch volunteers. Furthermore, among volunteers from endemic regions who have acquired immune responses through prior exposure, schistosome challenge can be used to define responses associated with clinical protection, and thus to guide vaccine development. To explore the possibility of establishing the CHI-S in Uganda, a Stakeholders’ Meeting was held in Entebbe in 2017. Regulators, community members, researchers and policy-makers discussed implementation challenges and recommended preparatory steps: risk assessment; development of infrastructure and technical capacity to produce the infectious challenge material in Uganda; community engagement from Parliamentary to grass-roots level; pilot studies to establish approaches to assuring fully informed consent and true voluntariness, and strategies for selection of volunteers who can avoid natural infection during the 12-week CHI-S; the building of regulatory capacity; and the development of study protocols and a product dossier in close consultation with ethical and regulatory partners. It was recommended that, on completion, the protocol and product dossier be reviewed for approval in a joint meeting combining ethical, regulatory and environment management authorities. Most importantly, representatives of schistosomiasis-affected communities emphasised the urgent need for an effective vaccine and urged the research community not to delay in the development process.
Laboratory growth of denitrifying water column microbial consortia from deep-sea shipwrecks in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Haridas Dhanya , Biffinger Justin C. , Boyd Thomas J. , Fulmer Preston A. , Hamdan Leila J. , Fitzgerald Lisa A. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Shipwrecks serve as a rich source for novel microbial populations that have largely remained undiscovered. Low temperatures, lack of sunlight, and the availability of substrates derived from the shipwreck’s hull and cargo may provide an environment in which microbes can develop unique metabolic adaptations. Methods: To test our hypothesis that shipwrecks could influence the microbial population involved in denitrification when a consortium is grown in the laboratory, we collected samples proximate to two steel shipwrecks in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Then under laboratory conditions, we grew two independent denitrifying microbial consortia. Each consortium was grown by using the BART assay system and analyzed based on growth kinetics, ion chromatography and 16S amplicon sequencing.Results: Both denitrifying consortia were different from each other based on varied growth profiles, rates of nitrate utilization and 16S amplicon sequencing.Conclusions: Our observations conclude that the laboratory grown water column microbial consortia from deep-sea shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico are able to undergo aggressive denitrification.
Effectiveness of implementation of “mental health nursing students’ clinical competency model” on academic performance of nursing students
Authors: Atashzadeh-Shoorideh Foroozan , Mohtashami Jamileh , Pishgooie Seyed Amir Hosein , Jamshidi Tayebeh , Sedghi Sara 
Published: August 2018

Background: Clinical nursing competence in mental health is one of the most important topics in theoretical and practical nursing training with many factors affecting it. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the implementation of the “mental health nursing students’ clinical competence model” on nursing students’ academic performance. Methods: This study is a semi experimental following one group of student nurses. “mental health nursing students’ clinical competence model” for undergraduate nursing student’s education was applied. The study population included 50 nursing students, who were studying from fifth semester to seventh semester and selected through census sampling. During the seventh semester after the completion of theoretical and practical courses in mental health nursing, re-evaluation was conducted and the scores before and after the implementation of the clinical competence model were compared. Results: Rate of clinical competency before the intervention, was estimated at the level of non-mastered; and after intervention was at the level of mastered, demonstrating a significant difference (p<0.001). Areas of clinical competency scores before and after the intervention were compared which showed significant difference in all the areas except the mental competency areas (p<0.05). Conclusions: The implementation of the “mental health nursing students’ clinical competence model” and appropriate planning for achievement of mental health nursing specialized competency can ensure the achievement of clinical competency by nursing students.
NLRX1 is not involved in the host defense against Escherichia coli induced pyelonephritis
Authors: Kors Lotte , Butter Loes M. , Claessen Nike , Teske Gwendoline J.D. , Girardin Stephen E. , Florquin Sandrine , Leemans Jaklien C. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) are one of the most prominent infections that have serious impact on kidney functioning and the development of chronic kidney disease. NOD-like receptor (NLR)X1 is an innate immune receptor that is important for immune metabolism and regulation, with as yet an unknown role in UTI and the pathophysiology of pyelonephritis. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and NLRX1 Knock-out (KO) female mice were subjected to UTI by intravesically inoculation of uropathogenic E. coli and sacrificed at 24h and 48h after infection after which bacterial burden and the inflammatory response in the bladder and kidney were studied. Ex vivo we studied the role of NLRX1 during the LPS induced pro-inflammatory cytokine response and phagocytosis of E. coli by granulocytes and monocytes. Results: Here, we report that during early experimental UTI NLRX1 absence reduces bacterial clearance in the bladder and dampens the inflammatory cytokine response, whereas in the kidney NLRX1 does not affect bacterial burden or cytokine response. In addition, we found that NLRX1 is not essential for the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by granulocytes and monocytes in response to LPS nor for bacterial phagocytosis. Conclusion: Together, we report that NLRX1 is important in enhancing the early host defense against uropathogenic E. coli in the bladder but does not affect the development of pyelonephritis.
Impact of moisture on the corrosion behavior of copper and mild carbon steel in corn biodiesel
Authors: Cursaru Diana-Luciana , Nassreddine Salim , Riachi Bassam , Neagu Mihaela , Mihai Sonia , Matei Dănuţa , Brănoiu Gheorghe 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Presence of moisture is very important for vegetable oils and for corresponding biodiesel because it may cause some problems or accelerate some issues that cannot be ignored. One of the main hindrances of biodiesel is its hygroscopic nature, which accelerates the corrosion of the fuel system of the engines. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of moisture on corn biodiesel and its susceptibility to corrosion on different automotive materials such as copper and mild carbon steel. Static immersion tests in corn biodiesel (B100) with different water concentrations (100 ppm, 500 ppm, and 700 ppm) were carried out at 90°C for 1200 h, and the results were compared to that of commercial diesel fuel (B0). After immersion tests, the surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and corrosion products were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The total acid number (TAN) was used to evaluate the changes in acidity of fuel, before and after immersion tests. It was found that under experimental conditions, corn biodiesel is more corrosive than diesel fuel, and the moisture from corn biodiesel has a strong influence on corrosion rate on metals. Copper is more susceptible to corrosion in corn biodiesel than mild carbon steel.
In vivo analgesic effect of different extracts of Hopea odorata leaves in mice and in silico molecular docking and ADME/T property analysis of some isolated compounds from this plant
Authors: Ul Hoque Md. Sajjad , Chowdhury Mohammed Sohel , Paul Arkajyoti , Barua Jackie , Zannat Syeda Sakiatuz , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Gupta Shaibal Das , Barua Sagar , Ahmed Sabbir , Kabir Mohammad Shah Hafez 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The current study evaluates the analgesic effect of different extracts of Hopea odorata leaves in mice followed by molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) analysis of isolated compounds derived from the plant with the COX-1 enzyme.

Methods
In the present study, the dried leaves of H. odorata were subjected to extraction using methanol, ethanol, and water. In vivo analgesic activity was evaluated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test, and in silico molecular docking and ADME/T study were performed using Schrödinger Maestro (version 11.1) and online-based tools, respectively, on eight isolated compounds.

Results
The results showed that the methanolic extract of leaves has highest significant dose-dependent analgesic activity at both 200 and 400 mg/kg followed by ethanolic extract of leaves. Among all the compounds, ampelopsin showed the best docking score of −7.055, ensuring strong binding affinity between the ligand and the receptor, and ADME/T analysis using Web-based tools ensures the compound has not violated Lipinski’s rule of five indicating its safety consumption.

Conclusions
The result confirms the analgesic activity of H. odorata leaves in both in vivo and in silico assays. The data support ampelopsin to be a potent analgesic compound worthy of future clinical trials and its “drug-likeliness”
A multi-parameter generalization of the symmetric algorithm
Authors: Ramírez José L. , Shattuck Mark 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The symmetric algorithm is a variant of the well-known Euler-Seidel method which has proven useful in the study of linearly recurrent sequences. In this paper, we introduce a multivariate generalization of the symmetric algorithm which reduces to it when all parameters are unity. We derive a general explicit formula via a combinatorial argument and also an expression for the row generating function. Several applications of our algorithm to the q-Fibonacci and q-hyper-Fibonacci numbers are discussed. Among our results is an apparently new recursive formula for the Carlitz Fibonacci polynomials. Finally, a (p, q)-analogue of the algorithm is introduced and an explicit formula for it in terms of the (p, q)-binomial coefficient is found.
On nonlocal boundary value problem for the equation of motion of a homogeneous elastic beam with pinned-pinned ends
Authors: Goy T.P. , Negrych M. , Savka I.Ya. 
Published: August 2018

In the current paper, in the domain $D=\{(t,x): t\in(0,T), x\in(0,L)\}$ we investigate the boundary value problem for the equation of motion of a homogeneous elastic beam $$ u_{tt}(t,x)+a^{2}u_{xxxx}(t,x)+b u_{xx}(t,x)+c u(t,x)=0, $$ where $a,b,c \in \mathbb{R}$, $b^2<4a^2c$, with nonlocal two-point conditions $$u(0,x)-u(T, x)=\varphi(x), \quad u_{t}(0, x)-u_{t}(T, x)=\psi(x)$$ and local boundary conditions $$u(t, 0)=u(t, L)=u_{xx}(t, 0)=u_{xx}(t, L)=0.$$ Solvability of this problem is connected with the problem of small denominators, whose estimation from below is based on the application of the metric approach. For almost all (with respect to Lebesgue measure) parameters of the problem, we establish conditions for the solvability of the problem in the Sobolev space. In particular, if $\varphi\in\mathbf{H}_{q+\rho+2}$ and $\psi \in\mathbf{H}_{q+\rho}$, where $\rho>2$, then for almost all (with respect to Lebesgue measure in $\mathbb{R}$) numbers $a$ exists a unique solution $u\in\mathbf{C}^{\,2}([0,T];\mathbf{H}_{q})$ of the problem considered.
Wiman's inequality for analytic functions in $\mathbb{D}\times\mathbb{C}$ with rapidly oscillating coefficients
Authors: Kuryliak A.O. , Tsvigun V.L. 
Published: August 2018

Let $\mathcal{A}^2$ be a class of analytic functions $f$ represented by power series of the from $$ f(z)=f(z_1,z_2)=\sum^{+\infty}_{n+m=0}a_{nm}z_1^nz^m_2$$ with the domain of convergence $\mathbb{T}=\{ z\in \mathbb{C}^2 \colon |z_1|<1, |z_2|<+\infty \} $ such that $\frac{\partial}{\partial z_2}f(z_1,z_2)\not\equiv0$ in $\mathbb{T}$ and there exists $r_0=(r^0_1, r^0_2)\in [0,1)\times[0,+\infty)$ such that for all $r\in(r^0_1,1)\times(r^0_2,+\infty)$ we have $ r_1\frac{\partial}{\partial r_1}\ln M_f(r)+\ln r_1>1, \ $ where $M_f(r)=\sum_{n+m=0}^{+\infty}|a_{nm}|r_1^nr_2^m.$ Let $K(f,\theta)=\{f(z,t)=\sum_{n+m=0}^{+\infty}a_{nm}e^{2\pi it(\theta_n+\theta_m)}:t\in \mathbb{R}\}$ be class of analytic functions, where $(\theta_{nm})$ is a sequence of positive integer such that its arrangement $(\theta^*_k)$ by increasing satisfies the condition $$ \theta^*_{k+1}/\theta^*_{k}\geq q>1, k>0. $$ For analytic functions from the class $\mathcal{K}(f,\theta)$ Wiman's inequality is improved.
Percepciones sobre discapacidad: implicaciones para la atención educativa del estudiantado de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Authors: Fontana-Hernández Angélica , Vargas-Dengo Marie Claire 
Published: August 2018

Este artículo se deriva de la investigación del Proyecto Percepciones y realidades en la atención de las necesidades educativas: Propuesta de desarrollo profesional y su implementación en la Universidad Nacional en Costa Rica(Código 0524-10). El enfoque investigativo es cualitativo y el objetivo general del estudio es analizar las percepciones y construcciones del personal académico sobre la discapacidad y sus implicaciones en la atención educativa. Se utilizaron distintas técnicas investigativas tales como el cuestionario y las frases incompletas. Se contó de 427 participantes del personal académico de esta institución universitaria. Se emplea la triangulación de la información con el fin de analizar la información desde los aspectos convergentes y divergentes entre participantes en los temas abordados que se contrastan con la teoría indagada. Los resultados arrojan que, en el contexto de dicha universidad, las construcciones conceptuales sobre discapacidad se elaboran desde un enfoque tradicional a partir de la percepción de la discapacidad como una condición individual centrada en la persona. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se justifica la importancia de implementar una estrategia de actualización del personal académico de la institución sobre los principios de la educación inclusiva y la inclusión de la persona con discapacidad con la finalidad de generar un cambio en la didáctica universitaria y las prácticas pedagógicas inclusivas.
Efficacy of Propranolol Between 6 and 12 Months of Age in High-Risk Infantile Hemangioma
Authors: Baselga Eulalia , Dembowska-Baginska Bozenna , Przewratil Przemysław , González-Enseñat María Antonia , Wyrzykowski Dariusz , Torrelo Antonio , López Gutiérrez Juan-Carlos , Rychłowska-Pruszyńska Magdalena , de Lucas-Laguna Raúl , Esteve-Martinez Altea , Roé Esther , Zaim Mohammed , Menon Yoann , Gautier Stéphanie , Lebbé Geneviève , Bouroubi Athmane , Delarue Alain , Voisard Jean-Jacques 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
There is no consensus on optimal treatment duration for propranolol in infantile hemangioma (IH). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral propranolol solution administered for a minimum of 6 months up to a maximum of 12 months of age in high-risk IH.

METHODS:
This single-arm, open-label, phase 3 study was conducted in patients aged 35 to 150 days with high-risk IH in 10 hospitals between 2015 and 2017. The study comprised a 6-month initial treatment period (ITP) plus continuation up to 12 months of age if complete success was not achieved, a follow-up, and a retreatment period. Patients received oral propranolol twice daily (3 mg/kg per day). The primary end point was the success rate at the end of the ITP. Furthermore, the persistence of IH response and efficacy of retreatment was evaluated.

RESULTS:
The success rate after 6 months of treatment was 47%, increasing to 76% at the end of the ITP. Of the patients who achieved success, 68% sustained success for 3 months without treatment, and 24% required retreatment. Of the 8 patients who were retreated, 7 achieved success. Adverse events, reported by 80% of patients, were mild, which were expected in this population or known propranolol side effects.

CONCLUSIONS:
Oral propranolol administered beyond 6 months and up to 12 months of age meaningfully increases the success rate in high-risk IH. Success was sustained in most patients up to 3 months after stopping treatment. Retreatment was efficacious, and the safety profile satisfactory.
ДИНАМІКА ЛІСОВОГО ФОНДУ ДЕРЖАВНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА "ВИЩЕ-ДУБЕЧАНСЬКЕ ЛІСОВЕ ГОСПОДАРСТВО"
Authors: Yukhnovskyy V.Yu. , Urlyuk Yu.S. , Holovetskyy M.P. 
Published: August 2018

Проаналізовано динаміку лісового фонду ДП "Вище-Дубечанське лісове господарство" за 50-річний період. Лісорослинні умови господарства найсприятливіші для вирощування сосни звичайної, насадження якої зростають на площі 18385,0 га, що становить 68,6 % від площі лісових ділянок. За даними останнього лісовпорядкування, захисні ліси з категорією водоохоронні насадження займають домінуюче положення. Питома вага ділянок, вкритих лісовою рослинністю, становить 92,2 %, а вкритих лісом – 87,0 % від загальної площі. До захисних лісів віднесено 26697,0 га (92,7 %). На експлуатаційні ліси припадає лише 2105,7 га або 7,3 % від загальної площі лісового фонду.