bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicht invasive Stimulationsverfahren in der Behandlung der Depression
Authors: Langguth B. , Zwanzger P. , Landgrebe M. 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDepressive Störungen gehören zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen weltweit. Trotz vielfältiger Therapieoptionen stellt die effektive Behandlung noch eine Herausforderung dar. Neben einer Psychotherapie und Psychopharmakotherapie haben sich in den letzten Jahren die „nicht invasiven Stimulationsverfahren“ zu einer weiteren, erfolgsversprechenden Behandlungsalternative entwickelt. Hierzu gehören die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) und die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS). rTMS und tDCS konnten in klinischen Studien ihre antidepressive Wirksamkeit und gute Verträglichkeit nachweisen. Die rTMS kann aufgrund der breiten Datenlage als etabliertes Verfahren zur Depressionsbehandlung angesehen werden. Für den Einsatz der tDCS in der Depressionsbehandlung liegen erste vielversprechende Ergebnisse vor, jedoch ist die Datenbasis noch deutlich geringer als für die rTMS, sodass weitere Studien abgewartet werden müssen, bevor eine endgültige Empfehlung gegeben werden kann.
Motorized spiral colonoscopy: a first single-center feasibility trial
Authors: Beyna Torsten , Schneider Markus , Pullmann David , Gerges Christian , Kandler Jennis , Neuhaus Horst 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Cecal intubation rate represents a key procedural quality parameter in diagnostic colonoscopy. However, even experienced investigators report 10 % of all colonoscopies to be difficult and intubation of the cecum is sometimes impossible. A recently developed novel motorized spiral endoscope might potentially overcome some limitations of standard colonoscopy by actively pleating the bowel onto the endoscope. The study aim was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of motorized spiral colonoscopy (MSC) for diagnostic colonoscopy.
Methods 30 consecutive patients with an indication for diagnostic colonoscopy were enrolled in a proof-of-concept single-center trial.
Results 13 men and 17 women (mean age 68.9 years, range 30 – 90) were enrolled; 43.3 % had diverticula. Mean procedure time was 20.8 min (range 11.4 – 55.3). Cecal intubation rate was 96.7 %. One incomplete colonoscopy occurred because of an unexpected postinflammatory stricture. Adenoma detection rate was 46.6 %. No severe adverse events occurred.
Conclusions Results indicate that MSC is safe and effective for diagnostic colonoscopy. It potentially offers advantages in terms of ease and it may facilitate therapeutic interventions.
Efficacy and safety of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a randomized trial
Authors: Yang Jianfeng , Wang Jing , Zhou Haibin , Zhou Yifeng , Wang Yang , Jin Hangbin , Lou Qifeng , Zhang Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Endoscopic placement of biliary stents to relieve jaundice is the main palliative treatment for unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Endoscopic biliary radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been reported to prolong stent patency, which may be beneficial in improving patient survival. However, available evidence is still insufficient, as most reported studies are retrospective case series. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical effect and safety of RFA in patients with unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Methods 65 patients with unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, except Bismuth type III and IV hilar cholangiocarcinoma, were enrolled and randomly underwent either RFA combined with biliary stenting (RFA + stent group; n = 32) or biliary stent only (stent-only group; n = 33). Overall survival time, stent patency period, and postoperative adverse events were recorded.
Results In the 21-month follow-up period, the overall mean survival time was significantly longer in the RFA + stent group than in the stent-only group (13.2 ± 0.6 vs. 8.3 ± 0.5 months; P < 0.001). The mean stent patency period of the RFA + stent group was also significantly longer than that of the stent-only group (6.8 vs. 3.4 months; P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse events between the two groups (6.3 % [2/32] vs. 9.1 % [3/33]; P = 0.67).
Conclusion Endoscopic RFA combined with stenting can significantly prolong survival and the stent patency period without increasing the incidence of adverse events in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patient, except Bismuth type III and IV hilar cholangiocarcinoma. This approach can be considered as a safe and effective palliative treatment for these patients.
Measurement of vector magnetic field in a flare kernel with a spectropolarimetric observation in He  i 10830 Å
Authors: Anan Tetsu , Yoneya Takurou , Ichimoto Kiyoshi , UeNo Satoru , Shiota Daikou , Nozawa Satoshi , Takasao Shinsuke , Kawate Tomoko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A flare kernel associated with a C4 class flare was observed in a spectral window including the He i triplet 10830 Å and Si i 10827 Å with a spectropolarimeter on the Domeless Solar Telescope at Hida Observatory on 2015 August 9. The observed Stokes profiles of the He i triplet in the flare kernel in its post-maximum phase are well reproduced through inversions considering the Zeeman and the Paschen–Back effects with a three-slab model of the flare kernel, in which two slabs which have upward and downward velocities produce emissions and one slab produces an absorption. The magnetic field strength inferred from the emission components of the He i line is 1400 G, which is significantly stronger than 690 G that is observed at the same location in the same line 6.5 hr before the flare. In addition, the photospheric magnetic field vector derived from the Si i10827 Å is similar to that of the flare kernel. To explain this result, we suggest that the emission in the He i triplet during the flare is produced in the deep layer, around which bombardment of non-thermal electrons leads to the formation of a coronal temperature plasma. Assuming a hydrogen column density at the location where the He i emissions are formed, and a power-law index of non-thermal electron energy distribution, we derived the low-energy cutoff of the non-thermal electron as 20–30 keV, which is consistent with that inferred from hard X-ray data obtained by RHESSI.
Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Elkins Casey , Friedrich Debra 
Published: August 2018

Abstract:
Elevated triglycerides are independently associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Hypertriglyceridemia is often a polygenic condition that can be affected by numerous interventions. Primary care NPs are well positioned to appropriately evaluate and manage hypertriglyceridemia, improving overall health outcomes.
Advances in the management of endometriosis in the adolescent
Authors: Mama Saifuddin T. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
The present article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying adolescent endometriosis and advances in both medical and surgical management.

Recent findings
Molecular and cellular features of endometriotic lesions differ from eutopic endometrium. There is altered estrogen-mediated cell signaling, proinflammatory pathways develop in the local microenvironment, along with impaired cellular immunity and growth factors, cytokines, and angiogenic factors play a critical role. This leads to proliferation and invasion by ectopic endometrial tissue, and natural clearance by the immune system fails. The inflammation, scarring, and adhesions are symptomatically expressed as dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, and dyspareunia significantly compromising quality of life.
In adolescence, there is a significant delay in diagnosis, often because of physician nonresponsiveness. The social, emotional, and physical impact on adolescents is underestimated. Medical management aimed at cessation of menses is paramount, if surgical management is needed, the goal is maximal excision. A variety of new medications, including GnRH and progesterone antagonists, selective estrogen and progesterone receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors, statins, angiogenic inhibitors, and botanicals represent future treatment options.

Summary
Early diagnosis of adolescent endometriosis is critical. An understanding of the complex proinflammatory pathways underlying its progression and tailored medical–surgical treatment offers the greatest potential to decrease disease symptomatology.
Culture-confirmed Tuberculosis in South African Infants Younger Than 3 Months of Age
Authors: Frigati Lisa , Bekker Adrie , Stroebele Silvia , Goussard Pierre , Schaaf H. Simon 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Little is known about the course and management of perinatal tuberculosis (TB). We describe the presentation, medical and surgical management of culture-confirmed TB in infants younger than 3 months of age.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective study including all infants younger than 3 months of age with culture-confirmed TB admitted to Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa, from March 2003 to June 2015.

Results:
During the study period, 106 of 2017 (5%) children younger than 13 years of age with culture-confirmed TB were infants younger than 3 months of age. The median age on admission was 67 days (interquartile range, 40–79). Intrathoracic TB was present in 101 (95%) infants; of these, 34 (32%) had extrathoracic TB. Two (2%) infants had extrathoracic TB only, while 3 (3%) infants were asymptomatic and diagnosed as having TB infection only. Forty (38%) infants were HIV-exposed, and 14 (13%) were HIV-infected. The mother was identified as the source case in 53 (50%) infants. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured in a median of 2 (interquartile range, 1–7) specimens per infant; 9 (9%) had drug-resistant TB. Bronchoscopy was done in 37 (35%) infants, and 27 (26%) underwent intrathoracic lymph node decompression. Twelve (11%) infants died during admission, 81(76%) were clinically stable on transfer or discharge from hospital, and outcome was not documented in 13 (12%) infants.

Conclusions:
TB in young infants often presents with severe intrathoracic disease, including airway compression. Bronchoscopy may aid confirmation of the diagnosis and management; decompression of intrathoracic lymph nodes was common. Mortality in this age group remains high.
Maintaining Concentration of Ribavirin in Cerebrospinal Fluid by a New Dosage Method; 3 Cases of Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis Treated Using a Subcutaneous Continuous Infusion Pump
Authors: Miyazaki Kyohei , Hashimoto Koichi , Suyama Kazuhide , Sato Masatoki , Abe Yusaku , Watanabe Masahiro , Kanno Syuto , Maeda Hajime , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a slow virus infectious disease resulting from persistent infection with mutant measles virus. At present, there is no effective treatment for SSPE. Interferon-α and inosine pranobex have both been used for the treatment of SSPE, and partial success has been reported for the antiviral drug, ribavirin (RBV). The standardization of dosage method is necessary to carry out treatment with RBV more safely and effectively. In this study, RBV concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were monitored during the intraventricular administration using a subcutaneous continuous infusion pump.

Methods:
Three patients with new-onset SSPE were treated with RBV using a subcutaneous continuous infusion pump. On days 3–10 after the start of RBV infusion, CSFs were obtained by lumbar tap, and the concentration of RBV in the CSF was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results:
RBV concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner in all 3 patients, and the target concentration could be generally maintained without any severe side effects. We observed that the clinical symptoms were temporarily relieved in each case. In the 2 cases for whom treatment is continuing, the patients remain in stage III, while the patient who discontinued the therapy progressed to stage IV.

Conclusion:
The target RBV concentration in the CSF could be maintained continuously by intraventricular administration using a subcutaneous continuous infusion pump. The accumulation of further cases is necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of this medical treatment.
Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain
Authors: De Gregorio Danilo , McLaughlin Ryan J. , Posa Luca , Ochoa-Sanchez Rafael , Enns Justine , Lopez-Canul Martha , Aboud Matthew , Maione Sabatino , Comai Stefano , Gobbi Gabriella 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that cannabidiol (CBD), the primary nonaddictive component of cannabis that interacts with the serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor, may possess analgesic and anxiolytic effects. However, its effects on 5-HT neuronal activity, as well as its impact on models of neuropathic pain are unknown. First, using in vivo single-unit extracellular recordings in rats, we demonstrated that acute intravenous (i.v.) increasing doses of CBD (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) decreased the firing rate of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, which was prevented by administration of the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY 100635 (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) and the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) but not by the CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Repeated treatment with CBD (5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously [s.c.], for 7 days) increased 5-HT firing through desensitization of 5-HT1A receptors. Rats subjected to the spared nerve injury model for 24 days showed decreased 5-HT firing activity, mechanical allodynia, and increased anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test, open-field test, and novelty-suppressed feeding test. Seven days of treatment with CBD reduced mechanical allodynia, decreased anxiety-like behavior, and normalized 5-HT activity. Antiallodynic effects of CBD were fully prevented by capsazepine (10 mg/kg/day, s.c., for 7 days) and partially prevented by WAY 100635 (2 mg/kg/day, s.c., for 7 days), whereas the anxiolytic effect was blocked only by WAY. Overall, repeated treatment with low-dose CBD induces analgesia predominantly through TRPV1 activation, reduces anxiety through 5-HT1A receptor activation, and rescues impaired 5-HT neurotransmission under neuropathic pain conditions.
Uncommon Imaging Findings of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor
Authors: Fu Hao , Guo Xiuyu , Chen Zijun , Wu Hua , Chen Haojun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare stromal tumor with diverse imaging findings. The present study describes a case of contrast-enhanced CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT manifestations of an IMT with diffuse omental and mesenteric thickening and swelling in the entire abdominal cavity. It is extremely rare to observe such imaging features in the extrapulmonary IMT. Furthermore, this case emphasizes that 18F-FDG PET/CT holds the potential for demonstrating IMT lesion extent and correctly identifying appropriate sites for biopsy.
Serendipitous Ureteral Stone Revealed on 99mTc-MDP Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Yuan Feng , Wang Haili , Lei Chunyu , Hu Yishu , Shao Fuqiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA 62-year-old man with esophageal cancer was referred for a99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy for staging. No metastatic lesion in the bone was identified. However, the images showed focally increased activity in the left pelvis, which were confirmed as ureteral stone on the SPECT/CT images.
Solitary Benign Schwannoma Mimics Residual Malignancy on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Bai Xia , Wang Xuemei 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Schwannomas can be seen in pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis and occur generally in the limbs. Solitary schwannoma rarely occurs in pediatric patients who do not have neurofibromatosis. A 15-year-old girl with Hodgkin lymphoma in the neck underwent follow-up FDG PET/CT scan to monitor the response to the chemotherapy. Although her lesions in the neck were no longer visualized, one focal activity in her left upper back persisted. Excisional biopsy result demonstrated benign schwannoma.
Hepatic Metastases From Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Without Elevated 18F-Choline Activity
Authors: Dejust Sébastien , Messaoud Leila , Jallerat Pascaline , Marical Victoria , Morland David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report the case of a 69-year-old man referred for 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT for a biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. FCH PET/CT demonstrated 2 hypodense hepatic lesions with no uptake but progressing in size compared with a previous assessment. MRI showed a suspicious peripheral contrast enhancement, raising the question of a liver metastasis. Histopathologic examination concluded to a prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis. This case highlights an unusual pitfall in FCH PET/CT: the lack of uptake in prostatic liver metastasis is presumably due to the partial volume effect induced by the necrotic center and the high uptake of the liver.
John Frederick Knott. 9 December 1938—5 October 2017
Authors: Burdekin Frederick Michael , Bowen Paul 
Published: August 2018

John Knott was a leading expert in materials, fracture and structural integrity applied particularly to the fields of nuclear power generation and aero-engine applications. He made significant contributions to the quantitative scientific understanding of fracture processes in metals and alloys and its applications in engineering. His early work elucidated the role of microstructure in the initiation and propagation of cracks and involved detailed analysis of the micro-mechanisms of cleavage, ductile and fatigue fracture modes in many types of steel and non-ferrous alloys. He developed innovative techniques of mechanical testing which allowed detailed monitoring of crack propagation. He was the author of a much-used text book on the principles of fracture mechanics.
The wide range of his expertise meant that John Knott was in high demand to serve on advisory committees for both government and industry organizations, particularly in the civil nuclear power generation and aerospace industries. With his deep knowledge of materials behaviour, he was invited to give many prestigious lectures at conferences. He was a convivial character with a keen sense of humour and often entertained conference dinners with poems he had composed about the particular event and about other participants.
Novelty and surprise-timing are broadcast by the basal forebrain
Authors: Zhang Kaining , Chen Charles D. , Monosov Ilya E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe basal forebrain (BF) is a principal source of modulation of the neocortex, and is thought to regulate cognitive functions such as attention, motivation, and learning by broadcasting information about the behavioral salience of events. An event can be salient because it is novel, surprising, or associated with reward prediction errors. But to date, the type of salience-related information the BF broadcasts is unclear. Here, we report that many BF neurons display phasic excitatory bursting that rapidly conveys the magnitude, probability, and timing of primary reinforcements. The same BF neurons also discriminate fully expected novel visual objects from familiar objects and respond to object-sequence violations, regardless of their relevance for subsequent behaviors, suggesting that they are not dedicated to signaling information about primary reinforcements. A different group of BF neurons displayed ramping activations that predicted the time of novel and surprising events. Their ramping was highly sensitive to the subjects’ confidence in event timing. Hence, BF neurons signal statistics about time and salience. Their activity may organize cortical computations to facilitate accurate behavioral responses to a diverse set of expected and ongoing events.
An homeotic post-transcriptional network controlled by the RNA-binding protein RBMX
Authors: Zuccotti Paola , Peroni Daniele , Potrich Valentina , Quattrone Alessandro , Dassi Erik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPost-transcriptional regulation (PTR) of gene expression is a powerful determinant of protein levels and cellular phenotypes. The 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions of the mRNA (UTRs) mediate this role through sequence and secondary structure elements bound by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and noncoding RNAs. While functional regions in the 3’UTRs have been extensively studied, the 5’UTRs are still relatively uncharacterized. To fill this gap, here we used a computational approach based on phylogenetic conservation to identify hyper-conserved elements in human 5’UTRs (5’HCEs). Our assumption, supported by the recovery of functionally characterized elements, was that 5’HCEs would represent evolutionarily stable and hence important PTR sites.We identified over 5000 short, clustered 5’HCEs occurring in approximately 10% of human protein-coding genes. Among these, homeotic genes were highly enriched. Indeed, 52 of the 258 characterized homeotic genes contained at least one 5’HCE, including members of all four Hox clusters and several other families. Homeotic genes are essential transcriptional regulators. They drive body plan and neuromuscular development, and the role of PTR in their expression is mostly unknown. By integrating computational and experimental approaches we then identified the RBMX RNA-binding protein as the initiator of a post-transcriptional cascade regulating many such homeotic genes. RBMX is known to control its targets by modulating transcript abundance and alternative splicing. Adding to that, we observed translational control as a novel mode of regulation by this RBP.This work thus establishes RBMX as a versatile master controller of homeotic genes and of the developmental processes they drive.
Metabolic potential of uncultured bacteria and archaea associated with petroleum seepage in deep-sea sediments
Authors: Dong Xiyang , Greening Chris , Rattray Jayne E. , Chakraborty Anirban , Chuvochina Maria , Mayumi Daisuke , Dolfing Jan , Li Carmen , Brooks James M. , Bernard Bernie B. , Groves Ryan A. , Lewis Ian A. , Hubert Casey R.J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe lack of microbial genomes and isolates from the deep seabed means that very little is known about the ecology of this vast habitat. Here, we investigated energy and carbon acquisition strategies of microbial communities from three deep seabed petroleum seeps (3 km water depth) in the Eastern Gulf of Mexico. Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed that each sediment harbored diverse communities of chemoheterotrophs and chemolithotrophs. We recovered 82 metagenome-assembled genomes affiliated with 21 different archaeal and bacterial phyla. Multiple genomes encoded enzymes for anaerobic oxidation of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, including those of candidate phyla Aerophobetes, Aminicenantes, TA06 and Bathyarchaeota. Microbial interactions are predicted to be driven by acetate and molecular hydrogen. These findings are supported by sediment geochemistry, metabolomics, and thermodynamic modelling. Overall, we infer that deep-sea sediments experiencing thermogenic hydrocarbon inputs harbor phylogenetically and functionally diverse communities potentially sustained through anaerobic hydrocarbon, acetate and hydrogen metabolism.