bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Occupational Deprivation Among Syrian Refugees Displaced in Jordan
Authors: Darawsheh Wesam B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Importance: Research is needed to situate occupational deprivation (OD) within each unique refugee population and displacement context.
Objective: To explore the way refugees manage their day-to-day lives within the limits of displacement contexts in Jordan.
Design: A grounded theorizing approach was used. Sampling methods used were convenience sampling, purposive sampling, snowball sampling, and theoretical sampling. Data were collected through semistructured interviews.
Setting: Inside and outside the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan.
Participants: Forty-nine adult Syrian refugees (19 women, 30 men; mean age = 34.6 yr) who fled to Jordan after the war in Syria began in 2011. Twenty-four lived outside the refugee camps, and 25 lived inside Zaatari camp. Written consent was required before participation.
Outcomes and Measures: Participants’ unique experiences were targeted to generate a theory to facilitate understanding of the effects of displacement on participation in meaningful occupations. A topic guide was designed, and the questions included served as pointers for the interviewers.
Results: Syrian refugees experienced OD, which had negative effects on their health, well-being, and sense of humanity.
Conclusions and Relevance: Further research studies are required to investigate the influence of sociocultural differences on the meaning and consequences of OD. Contextual factors and living difficulties associated with OD need to be further explored.
What This Article Adds: OD is a concept with sociocultural connotations. The meaning of OD needs to be conceptualized for each unique refugee population and displacement context. Displacement contexts need to provide a repertoire of socioculturally meaningful occupations to counteract OD. Occupational therapy needs to assume a leading role in the design and delivery of programs directed to fulfill refugees’ occupational needs.
Customer Satisfactions on Islamic Banking Services in Almadinah City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldarabseh Wesal M. 
Published: June 2019

Providing quality services is a key element to compete in the banking industry. Islamic banks showed significant expansion in the past decades worldwide. In the current study, customer satisfaction towards services provided by Islamic banks in Almadinah city, Saudi Arabia was investigated. A total of 292 customers of full-fledged Islamic banks were recruited in the study. Customer satisfaction was measured using a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed acceptable levels of customer satisfaction toward Islamic banking services (85%). In addition, personnel, image, reliability, and compliance with Islamic law were the most important service dimensions that affect customer satisfaction. Finally, gender differences were noticed with respect to customer satisfaction with females seemed to be less satisfied than males. The present findings provide positive feedback to the Islamic banking sector in Almadinah city to improve customer satisfaction of their services.
Efficiency of Bio-fungicides (Trichoderma spp and Pseudomonas fluorescens) on Seedling Emergence, Vigour and Health of Infected Chilli Seeds (Capsicum annuum) by Colletotrichum capsici
Authors: Reddy Y. N. Priya , Jakhar S. S. , Dahiya O. S. 
Published: June 2019

Damping off and fruit rot caused by Colletotrichum capsici are the major constraints in production and marketability of chilli. Systemic fungicides are commonly used to control this disease. However, continuous use of chemical fungicides leads to negative impact on environment, soil and human health. Therefore, present studies (blotter and pot experiment) were conducted to explore the bio-fungicides (as an alternative to chemical fungicide) in comparison with carbendazim using chilli seeds infected with Colletotrichum capsici.
Experiments were conducted at the CCSHAU, Hisar, India during 2016 in completely randomized design with nine treatments replicated three times. Six months old seeds having germination above the Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standard, were infected with Colletotrichum capsici and such infected seeds were treated with Trichoderma asperellum, Trichoderma viridae, Pseudomonas fluorescens individually and their combinations to control the disease incidence. The infected, un-infected and seed treatment with carbendazim served as controls. Results revealed that the seed germination was significantly higher (94.7%) with Trichoderma viride treatment compared to all other treatments including controls in blotter method. However, the seedling emergence in pot culture was significantly superior with Carbendazim treatment, the seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma viridae was on par to that of Carbendazim treatment. The seedling length was significantly superior with Trichoderma viride compared to the carbendazim and other controls both in blotter and pot culture. The seedling dry weight and seedling vigour were significantly higher with carbendazim as compared to the Trichoderma viride treatment or other treatments in both blotter and pot culture. However, the overall seedling vigour obtained with Trichoderma viride was similar to that of carbendazim treatment. The disease incidence was significantly lower with Pseudomonas fluorescens as compared to the Trichoderma viride and carbendazim in blotter method and; T. viride + P. fluorescens treatment was on par to that of carbendazim treatment in pot culture. Therefore, use of Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens individually or in combination are suggested as an alternative to carbendazim to control the Colletotrichum capsici.
Effect of Flax Seed Oil on Acute Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatic Injury and Determination of Hepatic Apoptosis in Rats
Authors: Ekebas Gorkem , Atasever Ayhan , Gram Duygu Yaman 
Published: June 2019

Aims: The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of flaxseed oil (FSO) on liver lesions induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats by measurement of caspase 3, 8 and 9 activities in cellular apoptosis, ALT activities, triglyceride, total protein, total cholesterol and liver MDA levels.
Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, between June 2017 and July 2018.
Methodology: In this study 32 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of 8 animals in each. The first group was identified as the control and received an intraperitoneal 0.9% NaCl and the second group was given per os at dose of 4 ml/kg FSO for 4 weeks. The third group received an intraperitoneal dose of 1.0 ml/kg CCl4 twice in the first week. The fourth group received an intraperitoneal dose of 1.0 ml/kg CCl4 twice in the first week and simultaneously 4 ml/kg FSO by gavage for 4 weeks.
Results: Histopathological examination of CCl4 group showed intense macro and micro vesicular steatosis in hepatocytes, necrosis, lymphocytes rich mononuclear cell infiltration in portal area and parenchyma. The flaxseed oil application did not ameliorate the histological changes induced by CCl4, however reduced the activity of caspase 3, 8 and 9 by a limited number. CCl4 administration produced significantly elevated levels of serum ALT activity, total cholesterol, triglyceride and liver MDA levels, and these increases were not normalized with FSO treatment. In addition, decreased serum total protein levels in CCl4 treated group were ameliorated by FSO application.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the antioxidant properties of FSO do not have an ameliorative effect in either the histopathological lesions or biochemical parameters against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In addition, it was concluded that duration‐dependent further research results are needed to determine the effects of flaxseed oil in high doses that can give the best results without side effects.
3D Superelastic Scaffolds Constructed from Flexible Inorganic Nanofibers with Self‐Fitting Capability and Tailorable Gradient for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wang Lihuan , Qiu Yuyou , Lv Haijun , Si Yang , Liu Lifang , Zhang Qi , Cao Jianping , Yu Jianyong , Li Xiaoran , Ding Bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRepair of bone defects with irregular shapes or at soft tissue insertion sites faces a huge challenge. Scaffolds capable of adapting to bone cavities, generating stiffness gradients, and inducing osteogenesis are necessary. Herein, a superelastic 3D ceramic fibrous scaffold is developed by assembly of intrinsically rigid, structurally flexible electrospun SiO2 nanofibers with chitosan as bonding sites (SiO2 NF‐CS) via a lyophilization technique. SiO2 NF‐CS scaffolds exhibit excellent elasticity (full recovery from 80% compression), fast recovery rate (>500 mm min−1), and good fatigue resistance (>10 000 cycles of compression) in an aqueous medium. SiO2 NF‐CS scaffolds induce human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) elongation and differentiation into osteoblasts. In vivo self‐fitting capability is demonstrated by implanting compressed SiO2 NF‐CS scaffolds into different shaped mandibular defects in rabbits, with a spontaneous recovery and full filling of defects. Rat calvarial defect repair validates enhanced bone formation and vascularization by cell (hMSC) histomorphology analysis. Further, subchondral bone scaffolds with gradations in SiO2 nanofibers are developed, leading to a stiffness gradient and spatially chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. This work presents a type of 3D ceramic fibrous scaffold, which can closely match bone defects with irregular shapes or at different implant sites, and is promising for clinical translation.
Changes in cambial activity are related to precipitation patterns in four tropical hardwood species grown in Indonesia
Authors: Rahman Md Hasnat , Nugroho Widyanto Dwi , Nakaba Satoshi , Kitin Peter , Kudo Kayo , Yamagishi Yusuke , Begum Shahanara , Marsoem Sri Nugroho , Funada Ryo 
Published: June 2019

PremiseCambial activity in some tropical trees varies intra‐annually, with the formation of xylem rings. Identification of the climatic factors that regulate cambial activity is important for understanding the growth of such species. We analyzed the relationship between climatic factors and cambial activity in four tropical hardwoods, Acacia mangium, Tectona grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Neolamarckia cadamba in Yogyakarta, Java Island, Indonesia, which has a rainy season (November–June) and a dry season (July–October).MethodsSmall blocks containing phloem, cambium, and xylem were collected from main stems in January 2014, October 2015 and October 2016, and examined with light microscopy for cambial cell division, fusiform cambial cells, and expanding xylem cells as evidence of cambial activity.ResultsDuring the rainy season, when precipitation was high, cambium was active. By contrast, during the dry season in 2015, when there was no precipitation, cambium was dormant. However, in October 2016, during the so‐called dry season, cambium was active, cell division was conspicuous, and a new xylem ring formation was initiated. The difference in cambial activity appeared to be related to an unusual pattern of precipitation during the typically dry months, from July to October, in 2016.ConclusionsOur results indicate that low or absent precipitation for 3 to 4 months induces cessation of cambial activity and temporal periodicity of wood formation in the four species studied. By contrast, in the event of continuing precipitation, cambial activity in the same trees may continue throughout the year. The frequency pattern of precipitation appears to be an important determinant of wood formation in tropical trees.
Plant distribution, stature, rarity, and diversity in a patterned calcareous fen: tests of geochemical and leaf‐height models
Authors: Stockmeier Laurie A. , Givnish Thomas J. 
Published: June 2019

PremiseIn patterned fens, patches of short, sparse, species‐rich vegetation often occur on substrates rich in precipitated carbonates near calcareous springheads, with taller, denser vegetation farther away. Boyer and Wheeler (1989) hypothesized that phosphorus co‐precipitation near springheads limits plant productivity and coverage, and Givnish (1982) proposed that aggregations of rare, short‐statured plant species might reflect their competitive restriction to sparsely covered microsites.MethodsWe tested these hypotheses by quantifying species distributions, leaf heights, plant coverage, community composition, and substrate and leaf chemistry of Eupatorium perfoliatum along a gradient of hydrology and geochemistry in a wetland complex in southeastern Wisconsin, USA, ranging from marl flats and fens on peat mounds near springheads to surrounding sedge meadows.ResultsCommunity composition was strongly correlated with a one‐dimensional environmental gradient along which coverage and height increased moving downslope from marl flats, while soil carbonate, phosphorus immobilization capacity, and local species richness decreased, consistent with theory. Regionally rare species were short and restricted to sparsely covered microsites; within and among species, leaf height increased with local coverage. NPK tissue stoichiometry did not entirely support the Boyer‐Wheeler hypothesis, although nitrogen limitation appeared strongest in sedge meadows. Shifts in stature and tissue chemistry of E. perfoliatum along the marl flat–sedge meadow gradient suggested that zinc toxicity may help limit coverage near springheads despite no significant change in soil zinc content.ConclusionsWe propose a modified Boyer‐Wheeler hypothesis to account for cascading effects of phosphorus co‐precipitation near springheads on nitrogen fixation, nitrogen+phosphorus co‐limitation, and zinc mobility.
Efficient Phage Display with Multiple Distinct Non‐Canonical Amino Acids Using Orthogonal Ribosome‐Mediated Genetic Code Expansion
Authors: Oller‐Salvia Benjamí , Chin Jason W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhage display is a powerful approach for evolving proteins and peptides with new functions, but the properties of the molecules that can be evolved are limited by the chemical diversity encoded. Herein, we report a system for incorporating non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins displayed on phage using the pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair. We improve the efficiency of ncAA incorporation using an evolved orthogonal ribosome (riboQ1), and encode a cyclopropene‐containing ncAA (CypK) at diverse sites on a displayed single‐chain antibody variable fragment (ScFv), in response to amber and quadruplet codons. CypK and an alkyne‐containing ncAA are incorporated at distinct sites, enabling the double labeling of ScFv with distinct probes, through mutually orthogonal reactions, in a one‐pot procedure. These advances expand the number of functionalities that can be encoded on phage‐displayed proteins and provide a foundation to further expand the scope of phage display applications.
Eco‐friendly high‐performance coating for polyester fabric
Authors: Pongsathit Siriwan , Chen Shu‐Yi , Rwei Syang‐Peng , Pattamaprom Cattaleeya 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTDue to increasing environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources, the use of green materials has become popular with garment industry. In the past, natural rubber, which is one of the most prevalent bio‐based elastomers, was used as waterproof coating for many applications due to its inherent elasticity, high tear and abrasion resistance, and hydrophobicity. However, NR has significant drawbacks when applying to garments including its poor adhesion to polyester fabrics and low breathability. Polyurethane, on the other hand, possesses high breathability but relatively poor elasticity. In this study, the fabric coating based on waterborne polyurethane and pre‐vulcanized natural rubber latex was synthesized with the goal to produce fabric for high‐performance applications, which could surpass criteria including water vapor permeability (WVP) (>10 000 g/m2•24hr), water pressure resistance (WPR) (>1000 mmH2O), and stretchability (>300%). The best condition achieved when using 60NR cured for 15 min by using 1.5 phr sulfur could provide WPR value of 4090 mmH2O and WVP of 11 033 g/m2•24hr. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48002.
Mussel‐inspired catechol‐based chemistry for direct construction of super‐hydrophilic and waterproof coatings on intrinsic hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Zhang Jianfu , Wang Dan , Jiang Liping , Xia Jian , Bo Manjiang , Yao Zhanhai 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSuper‐hydrophilic coatings are useful in many applications such as agricultural greenhouses. However, the direct modification of super‐hydrophilic coatings on intrinsic hydrophobic surfaces is still a challenge, particularly without any pretreatment. Here, highly transparent super‐hydrophilic and waterproof coatings on intrinsic hydrophobic surfaces were preparedvialayer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly catechol‐grafted polymer‐branched poly(ethylenimine) (bPEI)‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (denoted as C) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐dopamine (denoted as D) inspired by the mussel. The catechol‐functionalized polymer facilitates a mechanically robust coating that is tightly attached to the surface of the intrinsic hydrophobic polymers. This gives the coating excellent antifogging ability with a lowest contact angle of 0°. These coatings also demonstrated excellent stability after cross‐linking with Fe3+or alkali species. The super‐hydrophilic and waterproof coatings on intrinsic hydrophobic surfaces can also be prepared by the spray method. The super hydrophilic coating exhibits favorable antifogging ability, making it potentially useful in numerous applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48013.
Nazarov Reagent: New Role for the [4+2] Domino Benzannulation Reaction to Construct Polysubstituted Benzenes
Authors: Chang Meijia , Huang You 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new role for the Nazarov reagent was revealed in the [4+2] benzannulation reaction, and delivered a series of polyfunctional benzenes in high yields under mild conditions. This metal‐free process not only expanded the application of the Nazarov reagent in organic synthesis, but also provided a new, efficient way to construct polyfunctional benzenes.
Microwave Heating Outperforms Conventional Heating for a Thermal Reaction that Produces a Thermally Labile Product: Observations Consistent with Selective Microwave Heating
Authors: Duangkamol Chuthamat , Batsomboon Paratchata , Stiegman Albert E. , Dudley Gregory B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicrowave (MW) heating is more effective than conventional (CONV) heating for promoting a high‐temperature oxidative cycloisomerization reaction that was previously reported as a key step in a total synthesis of the natural product illudinine. The thermal reaction pathway as envisioned is an inverse electron‐demand dehydro‐Diels–Alder reaction with in situ oxidation to generate a substituted isoquinoline, which itself is unstable to the reaction conditions. Observed reaction yields were higher at a measured bulk temperature of 200 °C than at 180 °C or 220 °C; at 24 hours than at earlier or later time points; and when the reaction solution was heated using MW energy as opposed to CONV heating with a metal heat block. Selective MW heating of polar solute aggregates is postulated to explain these observations.
Enthalpy‐ versus Entropy‐Driven Molecular Recognition in the Era of Biologics
Authors: Varese Monica , Guardiola Salvador , García Jesús , Giralt Ernest 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOur laboratory has recently identified two nanobodies (small antibodies produced by camelids)—Nb1 and Nb6—that bind efficiently to epithelial growth factor (EGF) and inhibit its ability to activate its receptor (EGFR). Because of the relevance of the EGF/EGFR axis as a target in oncology, these new nanobodies have promising therapeutic potential. This article, however, is focused on another feature of these nanobodies: their distinct thermodynamic signatures. Nb1 binds to EGF through an entropy‐driven mechanism whereas Nb6 binds to this factor under enthalpic control. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each mechanism in the contexts of traditional medical chemistry (small‐molecule drugs) and also of biological drugs. In this latter case, the implications in terms of selectivity are far from being clearly established and further experimental data are required. Their monomeric natures, high stability, and ease of recombinant production make nanobodies ideally suited for thermodynamic studies. Moreover, nanobodies, thanks to their simpler structures in comparison with conventional antibodies, might provide better understanding of the structural basis of the thermodynamic parameters of antigen recognition.
Metal‐Organic Framework Templated Synthesis ofg‐C3N4/Fe2O3@FeP Composites for Enhanced Hydrogen Production
Authors: Qi Yinhong , Xu Jixiang , Fu Yunlei , Wang Chao , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe simultaneous construction of heterostructures and co‐catalyst loading while maintaining a tight contact favoring charge transfer is important for improving the photocatalytic H2 production of g‐C3N4. Following this approach, we prepared herein a Fe2O3@FeP hybrid material by annealing and phosphidation of a g‐C3N4/Fe metal‐organic framework (MOF). The as‐prepared Fe2O3@FeP was used as both heterojunction and co‐catalyst material to enhance the photocatalytic H2 evolution performance of g‐C3N4 by water splitting under visible‐light irradiation. We developed an optimized g‐C3N4/Fe2O3@FeP‐60 catalyst with a H2 evolution rate as high as 12.03 mmol g−1 h−1 under Eosin Y (EY, 1.0 mmol L−1)‐sensitization. This rate was 12 times higher than that of pristine EY‐sensitized g‐C3N4 (0.97 mmol g−1 h−1). The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) at 420 nm was 38.8 %. The improved photocatalytic activity of this composite compared to g‐C3N4 can be ascribed to: (i) its enhanced visible‐light absorption intensity; (ii) its efficient electron‐hole separation by the formation of a type‐II heterojunction with Fe2O3 and the loading of an electron collector such as FeP; and (iii) the accelerated H+ reductive reaction resulting from the FeP co‐catalyst. We believe that this work may pave the way for the construction of MOF‐based hybrid H2‐evolution photocatalysts.
Least absolute deviation estimator‐bridge variable selection and estimation for quantitative structure–activity relationship model
Authors: Al‐Dabbagh Zainab Tawfeeq , Algamal Zakariya Yahya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRegression models are frequently encountered in many scientific fields, especially in quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling. The traditional estimation of regression model parameters is based on the normal assumption of the response variable, and, therefore, it is sensitive to outliers or heavy‐tailed distributions. Robust penalized regression methods have been given considerable attention because they combine the robust estimation method with penalty terms to perform parameter estimation and variable selection simultaneously. In this paper, based on the bridge penalty, a robust variable selection and parameter estimation is proposed as a method that is resistant to the existence of outliers or heavy‐tailed errors. The basic idea is to combine the least absolute deviation estimator (LAD) and the bridge penalty together to produce the LAD‐bridge method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined through simulation studies and application to real chemometrics data. The obtained results confirm that the LAD‐bridge can significantly reduce the prediction error compared with other existing methods.
Kombilösung
Authors: Boerboom Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEin international operierendes Gesundheitsunternehmen extrahiert Phospholipide aus Eigelb und bereitet das weitere Produkt als Zusatzstoff für Tiernahrung auf. Mit Technologielösungen von BHS‐Sonthofen und AVA optimierte das Unternehmen die Prozesse: Dabe