bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hepatitis B Virus in clinically suspected infectious hepatitis in Meerut, I
Authors: Khan Salman , Madan Molly , Virmani Sunil Kumar 
Published: April 2019

Objective:-Hepatitis B is noteworthy medical issues that may include the late continuation of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study aimed to know the seroprevalence of hepatitis B Virus in Meerut with different clinical conditions.
Methods: The studyconducted on 4927 patients in Meerut, India, which was performed in central research center labortory of Microbiology at netaji subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital Between January 2013 to April 2017 The sera were separated and screened for HBsAg byimmune-chromatographic card test then HBsAg positive serum sampleswere tested again for HBsAg using ELISA kit. Positive samples for HBsAgwere tested for HBeAg ELISA kit.
Results: In 245 positive cases 118 (48.16 %) were male and 127 (51.84%) were female. The seroprevalence rate of HBV was 4.97% in Meerut, India. Age group21–30 was the highest seroprevalence (7.46%) when compaired to other age group. Of the 245 HBsAg Positive case 55 (1.12%) were HBeAg positive. 20 were male, Highest HBeAg positive male were found in 21- 30age group. Out of 55 HBeAg cases, 35 were female and 92 female were negative for HBeAg, this was stastically significant (P< 0.039) by using Z test.
Conclusions: The study uncovered that the seroprevalence of HBV was alarmingly higher in such a populace, which presumably mirrors a high foundation predominance of HBV contaminations ought to be mulled over and Implementation of group based preventive measures and enhanced procedures for safe blood supply may demonstrate valuable to diminish the seroprevalence
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.329-333
Study on vancomycin-resistant enterococci in faecal samples from non-hospitalized individuals at MMIMSR, Haryana, India
Authors: Bera Shyamsundar , Mehta Sonia , Dwivedi Manisha Bhatt , Singh Varsha A , Paul Rajdeep , Nongrum Sumi 
Published: April 2019

Background: Enterococci, formerly classified with fecal streptococci, have been recognized to be of fecal origin since the beginning of this century.
Method: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of stool colonization with vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and also to evaluate the risk factors for colonization with vancomycin resistant Enterococcus among non- Hospitalized individuals at MMIMSR, Mullana.Test was performed for VRE isolates collected over a period of 6 months (Oct2015- March 2016). Faecal samples were collected by using sterile container from non- hospitalized individuals then to Cultures using Mac Conkey and Blood agar. After presumptive diagnosis as an enterococcus spp, 50 Enterococcal isolates were then again cultured on special VRE screen agar media to identify vancomycin resistant Enterococcus.
Result: The results were further supported by modified Kirby-bauer disk diffusion method with vancomycin (30μg) as per CLSI guideline. A total of 29 (58%) Enterococcus faecalis and 21 (42%) Enterococcus faecium were detected among the faecal isolates and 2 (4%) were VRE. According to CLSI guideline isolates showing diameter of zone of inhibition ≤16mm were considered among the VRE. Chronic diseases, previous hospital stay (more than 15 days) and repeatedly antibiotic consumption was found to be significant risk factor for non-hospitalized individuals.
Conclusion: There is need for programs to promote greater attention about antibiotics usage in the general population. Education of Health care workers with implementation and observation of hand-washing practices constitutes a very effective step in preventing the spread Prolonged use of vancomycin drug should not be recommended by the physician.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.334-339
Effect of Second hand Smoke on Arterial Stiffness among Healthy Women
Authors: Sariban Suriyati , Mohd Yusoff Siti Suhaila , Shaaban Juwita , Mohd Noor Norhayati , Mohamed Yusoff Harmy 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Arterial stiffness is recognised as a significant cardiovascular risk factor and an independent predictor of all causes of cardiovascular death. Women are the largest population exposed to cigarette smoke either at work or from their partner. The objectives of this study are to compare the arterial stiffness (augmentation index and pulse wave velocity) between second hand smoke (SHS) and non second hand smoke (non-SHS).
Designs and method: Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 118 healthy female subjects (64 SHS and 54 non- SHS). The women were in the SHS group if their spouse is a smoker and they had an exposure to cigarette smoke for at least three years, minimum of15 minutes two days a week. Pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity was used to study the arterial stiffness. Pulse wave analysis reported as percentage of augmentation index. Pulse wave velocity equal to carotid femoral distance (meter) divided by time (second)
Results: The mean augmentation index (AIx) for SHS groups was 17.9 (SD7.06) and for non SHS groups was 20.7(SD6.11). The mean of Pulse wave velocity was 8.94 (SD1.36) in SHS groups and 9.02 (SD8.68) in non SHS groups. ANOVA and ANCOVA shown significance difference in crude mean (p = 0.047) and estimated marginal mean (p = 0.028) of augmentation index between SHS and non - SHS after controlling for age and BMI. However, there was no significant difference in crude mean (p = 0.795) and estimated marginal mean (p = 0.716) pulse wave velocity between SHS and non - SHS after controlling for age and BMI.
Conclusion: An increase in augmentation index amongst non SHS in this study most probably due to exposure to environmental tobacco at work compared to exposure to spouse’s smoke
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.340-346
Prevention of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Russia: Analytical Review of General Institutional Issues
Authors: Maksikova Tatyana , Kalyagin Aleksey , Piven Dmitriy , Sinkova Galina 
Published: April 2019

Objective: The purpose of this research is to assess regulatory, organizational and methodological documents, as well as Russian and international recommendations, to use infromation from them to identify and systematize problems in prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, and tooffer solutions.
Materials and Methods: Analysis encompasees the key Federal Laws of the Russian Federation; orders, records, and reports provided by various ministries and departments of the Russian Federation,as well as by the leading research institutes; guides, manuals, and federal recommendations; the latest Russian and foreign guidelines and recommendations on prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.
Results and Discussion: Analysis was faced with a number of problems:poor correlation between changes in regulatory documents governing the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases; incomplete allowance for international experience and guidelines on prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, incomplete epidemiological data; poor coordination and uneven assignment of responsibilities in structures involved in prevention; shift in emphasis from population-oriented prevention and high-risk groups towards secondary prevention; below-satisfactory efficiency of tuberculosis screening in clinical examination.
Conclusions: Their resolutionmay significantly increase the effectiveness of measures intendedfor prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors from occurence in Russia.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.353-367
Profiling of the bacterial pathogens associated with hospital acquired infections in hospitals within makurdi metropolis, middle belt, nigeria.
Authors: Onifade Emmanuel Olumuyiwa , Ogbonna Innocent Okonkwo , Ikwebe Joseph , Aremu Stephen Olaide 
Published: April 2019

Background: Nosocomial bacteria are bacteria that cause diseases acquired from the hospital environments. Aim: This study looked into profile of bacterial pathogens associated with nosocomial infections in hospitals within Makurdi metropolis. Result: A total of 71 bacterial pathogens were encountered from 240 samples analysed from three hospitals in Makurdi metropolis. Of the 71 isolates, 46(64.8%) were Gram positive and 25(35.2%) were Gram negative. The Gram positive constituting S. aureus (50.70%) and staphylococcus spp (14.08%) while the Gram negative constituting E. coli (15.50%), klebsiella spp (7.04%) and P. aeruginosa (12.68%). Out of 21(29.58%) isolates cultured from hand swabs, the bacterial pathogens from hand swab at F M C was the highest 12(57.14%) followed by C H M 5(23.81%) while B M M C has the least profile of 4(19.05%). With regards to hospital air, the highest profile of nosocomial bacteria was also from F M C 8(61.54%), followed by B M M C 4(30.77%) while C H M had just only one isolate 1(7.69%). Of 21(29.58%) isolates from B M M C; 10(47.62%) S. aureus, 4(19.05%) Staphylococcus spp, 2(9.52%) P. aeruginosa and 5(23.81%) Escherichia coli were obtained. In C H M, out of 18(25.35%) bacterial pathogens evolved constituting 12(66.67%) S. aureus, 2(11.11%) Staphylococcus spp, 1(5.56%) P. aeruginosa and 3(16.67%) E. coli. Whereas, the profile of 32(45.07) isolates in Federal Medical Centre Makurdi constituting 14(43.75%) S. aureus, 4(12.50%) Staphylococcus spp, 6(18.75%) P. aeruginosa, 3(9.38%) E. coli and 5(15.63%) Klebsiella spp were obtained. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern to Staphylococcus spp reveals that the highest level of sensitivity were demonstrated by Cloxacillin and Ofloxacin with 50%, followed by Augumentin and Cefuroxime with 40%, Gentamicin (30%), Erythromycin (20%) and least sensitivity with Ceftriazone (10%) while Ceftazidime has the highest resistance recorded 0% sensitivity. E. coli has the highest sensitivity on Ceftazidime having 81.8% and Gentamicin 63.6%, Ofloxacin also displayed a high level of sensitivity to isolates tested with 63.6% sensitive, follow by Cefuroxime (45.5%).
Conclusion: This study showed that nosocomial bacterial pathogens particularly, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp and enteric bacteria, E. coli and Klebsiella spp are the predominant pathogens associated with infections acquired in hospital environment.So, information on resistance patterns of isolates encountered in this study will assist the clinicians in making improvement in management of nosocomial infections.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.368-378
The Correlation between Polymorphism of β Fibrinogen Gene -455 G/A and Serum Fibrinogen Level with The Severity of Coronary Artery Stenosis In Coronary Artery Disease Patient
Authors: Indrajaya Taufik , Fadilah Yudhi , Yuwono Mediarty , Ghanie Ali 
Published: April 2019

Background: Now a days coronary artery disease (CAD) becomes major cause of death. One among 7 deaths in America caused by CAD. CAD is an atherosclerosis process, which progresively develops into plaque that will lead to stenosis of coronary artery lumen. Several studies found that high serum fibrinogen level is an independent and significant to the severity of artery coronary stenosis. Serum fibrinogen level determined by genetic factor. Polymorphism of fibrinogen gene β -455 G/A seem plays an important role in plasma fibrinogen level. Although some studies showed a significant correlation between polymorphism and cardiovascular diseases, but some other studies report inversely.
Aim. To evaluate the correlation between the polymorphism of fibrinogen gene β -455 G/A and serum fibrinogen level with the severity of artery coronary stenosis.
Method: This is an analytic correlative study with prospective approach without comparison. Coronary angiography was performed in catheterization labor in the department of internal medicine, while DNA analysis and PCR done in the department of microbiology in General Hospital dr Muhammad Husin Palembang- Indonesioa, since July 2015 until Agustus 2016. Samples are CAD patient who undergo for coronary angiography and fulfield the criterias. The severity of stenosis in coronary artery determined by Gensini score. This study included 31 patient.
Results. Among 31 CAD patients, this study found severe stenosis of coronary artery in 17 patients (53,1%), moderate in 5 patients (15,6%) and mild in 10 patients (31,2%). Genetic analysis showed that serum fibrinogen level was controlled by polymorphism of fibrinogen gene β -455 G/A, concecutively by genotipe AA in 15 patients (48,4%), genotipe GA in 12 patient (38,7%) and by genotipe GG in 4 patients (12,9%). Chi Square test showed a significant correlation between polymorphism gene fibrinogen β -455 G/A and serum fibrinogen level (p=0,039). Spearman’s rho test found no significant correlation between serum fibrinogen level and severity of coronary artery stenosis based on Gensini score (r=0,142; p=0,447). And also this study found no significant correlation between polymorphism gene fibrinogen β -455 G/A with the severity of stenosis in coronary artery (p=0,512).
Conclusion. Although this study succeded to prove that serum fibrinogen level was determined by polymorphism fibrinogen gene β -455 G/A, but there are no significant correlations between polymorphism fibrinogen gene β -455 G/A and serum fibrinogen level with severity of coronary artery stenosis in CAD patients. This study suggest to study other candidate gene to look for other cardiac risk beside this fibrinogen.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.379-384
Laser assisted orthodontic tooth movement in Saudi population: a randomized clinical trial.
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to assess laser assisted orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) among subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT) of four different treatment modalities (TM).
Materials and Methods: Following consort flow diagram, a total of 32 subjects randomly allocated in to 4 different group based on TM. Group A (GA): 8 subjects, FOT with self-ligating bracket (SLB) + low laser irradiation (LLLI), Group A (GB): 8 subjects, FOT with self-ligating bracket + Non-LLLI, Group C (GC): 8 subjects, FOT with conventional bracket (CB) + low laser irradiation (LLLI), Group D (GD): 8 subjects, FOT with CB + Non-LLLI.
Results: Clinical photographs and diagnostic CBCT has been taken. Clinical observation of OTM, baseline, 1-day and 28-day afterFOT in all TM groups has been assessed by single calibrated specialist. Among 4 TM groups, best OTM results observed in GA and the lesser OTM observed in GD.
Conclusion: Among all 4 TM groups,1-month after FOT GA revealed promising benefit in relation to OTM.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.385-390
The role of 4-pba on tnf-alpha related apoptosis on human vein endothelial cells
Authors: Illiandri Oski 
Published: April 2019

Tumor Necrotizing Factor-alpha (TNF-α) has been well-known as a potent pro-inflamatory cytokine involved in many degenerative disease. Oneof its primary target organ-damaged wasendothelial cellswhich willlead to its endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and induced its apoptosis. Endothelial cell apoptosis will lead high implication in many disease pathomechanism ofmany degenerative disease. Some study report ERS inhibitor 4-Phenyl Butyric Acid (4-PBA) properties to inhibitinflammation processin endothelial cells.However, wether 4-PBA can decrease apoptosis level in inflamationof endothelial cells is still poorly understood
Objective. This study to answer whether 4-PBA can decrease apoptosis triggered by inflammatory reactions mediated by TNFα.
Methods: This study is an exploratory study laboratory in vitro using cell culture Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) apoptotic count cells with the design of post test only control group consisting of three treatment groups with doses of 4-PBA 1 nM / mL, 2 nM /mL, and 3 nM /m L.
Results. Administration4-PBA in cultured HUVEC derived endothelial cells significantly decrease apoptosis at any dose of PBA but no dose dependently (p <0.05)
Conclusion: Based on the results that has been done, it can be concluded that 4-PBA can reduce levels of endothelial cells apoptosis which were exposed to proinflamatory cytokine TNF-α. Further research need to elucidated 4-PBA mechanism to inhibit endothelial apoptosis.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.391-394
Overt acquired primary hypothyroidism in a ten-year-old girl with perinatally-acquired HIV infection on HAART: A rare association
Authors: Onyiriuka Alphonsus N , Olaniyi Olufemi K 
Published: April 2019

Overt hypothyroidism is rare in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children but can further compromise the child’s quality of life. We report a case of a 10-year-old girl with perinatally-acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who subsequently developed overt acquired primary hypothyroidism. She has been on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for 9 years but developed goitre 2 years before presentation. Her thyroid gland was diffusely enlarged, firm, freely movable and non-tender. She had no symptoms of hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Physical examination revealed periorbital puffiness. Although her height was 139cm (50th percentile), it was significantly below the target centile range (152.5- 169.5cm). Results of investigations showed very low free T4 and markedly elevated TSH level (31-fold increase above our laboratory reference value). Ultrasonography of the goitre showed multicystic nodules in both lobes. She was commenced on oral levo-thyroxine 100μg once daily.
Conclusion: Physicians need to pay more attention to thyroid function in HIV-infected children on HAART, particularly in the presence of linear growth abnormalities.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.411-415
Neuroendocrine Tumour of the Breast in a Young Lady: A Case Report
Authors: Abidin Zainal Adwin Zainal , Hayati Firdaus , Azizan Nornazirah , Saladina Jasmin Jaszle 
Published: April 2019

Primary neuroendocrine tumours of the breast are rare. The WHO has classified them according to the tissue grading. The clinical presentation is similar to the usual infiltrating ductal carcinomas, however the histopathological assessment requires special staining to confirm the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumour. We report a case of a primary neuroendocrine tumour of the breast in a 33-year-old lady who presented with a locally advanced breast tumour with multicentric disease.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.419-422
Ear Foreign Body in Paediatric Patients: Methods of Removal and When to Refer.
Authors: Chuen Chew Shiun , Othman Nik Adilah Nik 
Published: April 2019

Paediatric patient with a foreign body in the ear may be present primarily to primary care physician or being referred to the otorhinolaryngology (ORL) clinic. The foreign bodies vary from organic to inorganic material with different sizes and shapes. Removal of foreign body in the ear canal requires adequate clinical experience as well as proper clinical instruments and cooperative clinical staff. Throughout the years, many clinical instruments and devices have been designed and proven to able to facilitate a smooth procedure with high success rates. However, an agitated child may be uncooperative and the increase in the number of attempts will result in injury of the ear canal or displacement of foreign body to the middle ear. Thus, clinical experience is essential and the doubtful cases are preferably to be performed under general anaesthesia to prevent complications.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.423-426
Recurrent primary leiomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle treated with curative radiotherapy
Authors: Santacaterina Anna , Scimone Antonino , Parisi Silvana , Settineri Nicola , Platania Angelo , Acquaviva Grazia , Pergolizzi Stefano 
Published: April 2019

A case of locally recurrent leiomyosarcoma of the left seminal vesicle, previously surgically resected, is described in a 65-year-old man. The patient underwent curative radiation therapy (61 Gy/33 fractions). Initially, he experienced a complete response after irradiation, but 15 months after treatment, progressive disease was recorded both in lung and bone, without evidence of local recurrence. The lack of efficient systemic therapies leads to a poor prognosis in this disease; clinical outcome in this patient seems to suggest the utility of radiotherapy in the very rare scenario of locally recurrent seminal vesicle leiomyosarcoma.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.427-429
Lupus Cofactor Effect of Mixing Study: Example of a Case Report and Revisit on Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Rahman Wan Suriana Wan Ab , Zulkafli Zefarina , Hassan Mohd Nazri , Abdullah Wan Zaidah 
Published: April 2019

Background: Lupus anticoagulants (LA) are in vitro inhibitors paradoxically associated with thrombosis and performing coagulation test on a mixture of test plasma and pooled normal plasma to evidence this property is a mainstay in LA detection.
Case report: We report a 20-year-old man who presented with one week history of fever, associated with productive cough, jaundice, and lethargy. He was a known case of systemic lupus erythemathosus for 10 years. Isolated activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were prolonged. Interestingly, the APTT mixing study was not corrected and showed more prolonged results than baseline APTT. LA study showed presence of a strong LA, which is related to the underlying autoimmune disease.
Discussion: This case focuses on the ‘rebound phenomenon’ in APTT mixing test, from a strong LA that gives a cofactor inhibitory effect to the entire test system after adding the normal plasma.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.430-433
Fatal Case of Chromobacterium violaceum Bacteraemia
Authors: Muharam Nur Hafiza , Hussin Azura , Deris Zakuan Zainy 
Published: April 2019

Chromobacterium violaceum is rarely associated with human infection in tropical and subtropical regions. We report a fulminant fatal case of bacteremia in a 52-year-old lady, with underlying diabetes mellitus, who was presented with a month history of back swelling associated with fever, lethargy and poor oral intake. C. violaceum was isolated from blood and identify by standard biochemical test.However the patient’s condition deteriorating rapidly and succumbed to death on the day of admission. In these regions, C. violaceum should be one of the differential causes of sepsis, especially if the patient presented with skin lesions and/or multiple organ abscesses with history of exposure to soil or stagnant water.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.434-436