bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between IR peak position and bond parameter of silica glass: Molecular dynamics study on fictive temperature (cooling rate) effect
Authors: Luo Jiawei , Zhou Yuxing , Pantano Carlo G. , Kim Seong H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe fictive temperature of glass is a consequence of its thermal history (cooling rate, primarily) and has a direct effect on physical and chemical properties of the glass. But, it is not easy to measure. The ability to nondestructively and spectroscopically measure it at room temperature would be of great benefit. Although empirical correlations have been established between fictive temperature and selected absorption peaks in the infrared spectra of silica glass, the fundamental understanding for this correlation has not been reported. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to show that the blue shift in the Si–O–Si asymmetric stretching peak of pure silica glass, which is known to correlate with a decrease in fictive temperature, can be attributed to a decrease in the average length of the Si–O bond in the silica network, not changes in the density or the Si–O–Si bond angle. The decrease in density at higher fictive temperatures of silica is associated with a decreased population of 5‐ and 6‐membered rings and broadening of the ring‐size distribution, and an increase in the average Si–O–Si bond angle.
Effect of ZrB2 content on phase assemblage and mechanical properties of Si3N4–ZrB2 ceramics prepared at low temperature
Authors: Guo Wei‐Ming , Wu Li‐Xiang , Yu Jun‐Jie , Zeng Ling‐Yong , Sun Shi‐Kuan , Li Jing‐Xi , Wu Shang‐Hua , Lin Hua‐Tay , Wang Cheng‐Yong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBased on the previous work on Si3N4–ZrB2 [Wu et al. J Eur Ceram Soc;2017,37:4217], the influence of ZrB2 addition on the phase and microstructure evolution of Si3N4–ZrB2 composites was emphatically investigated, and the mechanical properties were compared with pure Si3N4 ceramics. It was revealed that the ratio of β‐ to (α+β)‐Si3N4 significantly increased from 14.3% in pure Si3N4 ceramics to 39.8% in Si3N4 with 15 vol% ZrB2 addition, indicating that the introduction of ZrB2 promoted α‐ to β‐Si3N4 phase transformation. As a consequence, the microstructure of the composite showed the bimodal distribution, containing both elongated and equiaxed Si3N4 grains. For the pure Si3N4, Vickers hardness, fracture toughness and flexural strength was 22.8 GPa, 7.6 MPa m1/2, and 334.5 MPa, respectively. In contrast, the composite of Si3N4–30 vol% ZrB2 simultaneously possessed an excellent combination of mechanical properties: 19.5 GPa in hardness, 9.8 MPa m1/2 in toughness and 702.0 MPa in strength. Present study suggested that Si3N4‐based ceramics with high hardness, high toughness, and high strength could be obtained by the combination of appropriate ZrB2 content and low hot‐pressing temperature.
CaO‐containing LaCO3OH nanogears and their luminescence and de‐NOx properties
Authors: Zahir Md. Hasan , Iwamoto Yuji , Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Aziz Md. Abdul , Chowdhury Shakhawat , Ahmad S. H. A. , Qamaruddin Muhammad 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLarge‐scale, uniform, monodisperse LaCO3OH cherry‐blossom‐like nanogears and/or nanocubes have been synthesized under hydrothermal reaction conditions. Upon the addition of only 5 mol% Ca2+ ions into a La nitrate salts solution with pH 8.5, LaCO3OH crystals with novel cubic or nanogear structures are formed in the hexagonal phase. The hydrothermal reactions were carried out without the addition of a template or catalysts. Both 24 hour and 48 hour hydrothermal reactions yield 100% pure LaCO3OH with no irregular particles. We examined the photoluminescence properties of the as‐synthesized powders of the pure LaCO3OH nanogears and found one broad emission band centered at 394 nm after excitation at λ = 280 nm. The NO reduction activity was also examined over highly dispersed CaO‐containing La2O3 obtained after calcination the LaCO3OH at 800○C for 2 hours. The CaO‐containing La2O3 catalysts showed good stability for NO reduction with CH4 in the presence of O2 and H2O vapor.
Low‐angle twist grain boundary in SrTiO3 fabricated by spark plasma sintering techniques
Authors: Hughes Lauren A. , van Benthem Klaus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA SrTiO3 bicrystal with a low‐angle twist grain boundary was fabricated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) instrument. The atomic and electronic structure of the grain‐boundary core was characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was determined that the boundary is comprised of 2 types of defects with distinct electronic structures: screw dislocations and dislocations with an [001] edge component. The dislocations with an [001] edge component dissociated into 2 partial dislocations, separated by a stacking fault consisting of 2 Ti–O layers. The screw dislocations are attributed to the twist component of the grain boundary, while dislocations with an [001] edge component are attributed to surface steps on the original (100) SrTiO3 surfaces prior to diffusion bonding. The observed repeat distances between the dislocations with edge components along the grain‐boundary plane are smaller than those discovered during traditional diffusion bonding experiments. The higher planar defect density observed in this study results partly from higher heating rates, lower processing temperatures, and shorter holding times during SPS processing.
Analysis of knowledge construction during group space activities in a flipped learning course
Authors: Winter J.W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFlipped learning is a pedagogical approach that uses technology to deliver instructional content outside of class (individual space) and class time to engage in collaborative activities (group space). In a flipped learning course, the traditional classroom paradigm shifts and teachers become more facilitator than lecturer. Research on flipped learning is limited, in that studies are mostly conducted in postsecondary classrooms and focus on engagement and performance rather than the learning that occurs during collaboration. My study was designed to investigate group learning or knowledge construction during collaborative activities. Participants were middle school students from Hawaii. To identify group learning, I targeted a specific activity between three students in the group space. Using a computer‐supported collaborative learning framework, I recorded and analysed the group's verbal communication as they worked together. Moments of knowledge construction and interactions leading to those moments were analysed. Content analysis and lag sequential analysis revealed significant strategies used by students to construct knowledge. Some recommendations for practitioners include designing a need for teacher facilitation, incorporating questions that promote student discussion, and requiring students to reflect on their understanding. Future studies should include different K‐12 environments and focus on knowledge construction transfer between the individual and group learning spaces.
Digital story design activities used for teaching programming effect on learning of programming concepts, programming self‐efficacy, and participation and analysis of student experiences
Authors: Yildiz Durak Hatice 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this research is to determine the effects and experiences of the use of digital story design activities in teaching applications of programming on academic achievement, participation, and programming self‐efficacy. In the study, which is designed through the mixed method, quasi‐experimental design is used in the quantitative dimension. The study group of the research consists of 62 fifth‐grade students in a secondary school. During the 10‐week application process, the experimental group was engaged in digital story design activities in the programming learning process, and the learning process of the control group was carried out without any extra activity. As a result of the research, it is found that students' level of learning of programming concepts, programming self‐efficacy, and level of participation in teaching process change significantly and more positively depending on experimental process. In addition, various suggestions for application and research are presented in the research.
Issues possibly associated with misinterpreting survival data: A method study
Authors: Peinemann Frank , Labeit Alexander Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveProper interpretation of survival data of clinical cancer studies may be difficult and pitfalls related to the nature of Kaplan–Meier analyses might end up in mistaken inferences. The purpose of the present work is to raise awareness of those pitfalls and to prevent errors in future studies.Study design and settingWhile evaluating a randomized controlled trial, we came across some issues possibly associated with misinterpreting survival data. We thoroughly reviewed the reporting of survival analyses, statistical approaches, baseline characteristics, and choice of primary end point. The reported data were derived from people with high‐risk neuroblastoma. Thus, the trial focused on survival. We reenacted survival functions by deducing the data of various treatment groups from pictured survival functions to estimate the concerning hazard ratios.ResultsOpposed to the reporting of the trial, we did not identify a significant difference between treatment groups with respect to overall survival. We were not able to appreciate an effective crossing of survival curves. With respect to event‐free survival, we focused on comparable treatment groups and we did not identify a significant difference between treatment groups, thereby again opposing the reporting of the trial.ConclusionsThe present work exemplifies statistical issues that were apparently difficult to detect and that are possibly associated with misinterpreting survival functions. These issues include assumed crossing of survival curves, statistical approach changed in follow‐up, different pretreatment between groups, and event‐free survival used as primary outcome. Careful handling might prevent similar potential misinterpretation in future studies.
Identification of novel cis‐elements bound by BplMYB46 involved in abiotic stress responses and secondary wall deposition
Authors: Guo Huiyan , Wang Liuqiang , Yang Chuanping , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Chunrui , Wang Chao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) play vital roles in various biological processes by binding to cis‐acting elements to control expressions of their target genes. The MYB TF BplMYB46, from Betula platyphylla, is involved in abiotic stress responses and secondary wall deposition. In the present study, we used a TF‐centered yeast one‐hybrid technology (TF‐centered Y1H) to identify the cis‐acting elements bound by BplMYB46. We screened a short‐insert random library and identified three cis‐elements bound by BplMYB46: an E‐box (CA(A/T/C)(A/G/C)TG) and two novel motifs, a TC‐box (T(G/A)TCG(C/G)) and a GT‐box (A(G/T)T(A/C)GT(T/G)C). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and effector‐reporter coexpression assays in Nicotiana tabacum confirmed binding of BplMYB46 to the TC‐box, GT‐box, and E‐box motifs in the promoters of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes, which function in abiotic stress tolerance and secondary wall biosynthesis. This finding improves our understanding of potential regulatory mechanisms in the response to abiotic stress and secondary wall deposition of BplMYB46 in B. platyphylla.
A genome‐wide association study of early‐maturation traits in upland cotton based on the CottonSNP80K array
Authors: Li Chengqi , Wang Yuanyuan , Ai Nijiang , Li Yue , Song Jiafeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies (GWASs) efficiently identify genetic loci controlling traits at a relatively high resolution. In this study, variations in major early‐maturation traits, including seedling period (SP), bud period (BP), flower and boll period (FBP), and growth period (GP), of 169 upland cotton accessions were investigated, and a GWAS of early maturation was performed based on a CottonSNP80K array. A total of 49,650 high‐quality single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened, and 29 significant SNPs located on chromosomes A6, A7, A8, D1, D2, and D9, were repeatedly identified as associated with early‐maturation traits, in at least two environments or two algorithms. Of these 29 significant SNPs, 1, 12, 11, and 5 were related to SP, BP, FBP, and GP, respectively. Six peak SNPs, TM47967, TM13732, TM20937, TM28428, TM50283, and TM72552, exhibited phenotypic contributions of approximately 10%, which could allow them to be used for marker‐assisted selection. One of these, TM72552, as well as four other SNPs, TM72554, TM72555, TM72558, and TM72559, corresponded to the quantitative trait loci previously reported. In total, 274 candidate genes were identified from the genome sequences of upland cotton and were categorized based on their functional annotations. Finally, our studies identified Gh_D01G0340 and Gh_D01G0341 as potential candidate genes for improving cotton early maturity.
Maternal eating behaviour differs between ethnic groups: Considerations for research and practice
Authors: Korani Murhaf , Rea David M. , King Pete F. , Brown Amy E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMaternal eating behaviours such as cognitive restraint, uncontrolled, and emotional eating styles can have important implications for both maternal own weight, and the weight and eating behaviour of her children. Maternal eating style can affect her feeding interactions with her child, which in turn can influence their weight and eating behaviour. However, despite a body of research examining these relationships, research examining differences in maternal eating behaviour between ethnic groups is sparse with much of the research, particularly in the UK, conducted with White British samples. The aim of the current research was therefore to explore how maternal eating behaviour may differ between ethnic groups in the UK; 659 UK mothers with a child aged 5–11 years completed a self‐report questionnaire. Items included ethnicity, demographic data, and the 3‐factor eating questionnaire to measure maternal cognitive restraint, uncontrolled, and emotional eating. Mothers from Chinese backgrounds were significantly higher in cognitive restraint and lower in emotional and uncontrolled eating compared with all groups. Conversely, mothers from South Asian backgrounds were the highest in emotional and uncontrolled eating and lower in cognitive restraint than all other groups. Black mothers were also higher in uncontrolled eating compared with White British and Chinese mothers. Variations in maternal eating behaviours vary between ethnic groups. Understanding how cultural factors may influence these variations is important, as maternal eating behaviours can influence her own and her child's weight. Maternal eating behaviour may therefore be a contributor to higher levels of overweight among South Asian and Black children living in the UK.
Clinical significance of isoagglutinin titre with the current desensitization protocol in ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation
Authors: Baek Chung Hee , Kim Hyosang , Yang Won Seok , Han Duck Jong , Park Su‐Kil 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTAimABO‐incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation (KT) has become a routine procedure with graft survival rates comparable to those of ABO‐compatible KT. However, the clinical significance of the isoagglutinin titre in ABOi KT remains uncertain. Therefore, in this study, we analysed the clinical outcomes of ABOi KT according to the baseline and post‐operative isoagglutinin titre.MethodsAll patients who received ABOi KT between 2009 and 2013 were reviewed and followed up until December 2016. The patients were classified according to baseline (<1:128 or ≥1:128) and post‐operative rebound isoagglutinin titre (<1:16 or ≥1:16), and the clinical outcomes of KT were compared.ResultsPatients with a high baseline isoagglutinin titre showed a poor titre reduction rate (1.48 ± 0.41 vs 1.32 ± 0.34, P = 0.008), and more patients experienced titre rebound ≥1:16 after KT (15.0% vs 35.8%, P = 0.002). The occurrence of both T‐cell‐mediated rejection and antibody‐mediated rejection did not show a significant difference (P = 0.805 and 0.714, respectively). The rate of rejection‐free survival was not different among groups (P = 0.680, log–rank test). Furthermore, the rate of death‐censored graft survival was not different among groups (P = 0.701, log–rank test). Urinary tract infection was the most frequently reported infectious complication overall. The incidence of urinary tract infection, pneumonia and viral infections (BK virus and cytomegalovirus) was not different among groups.ConclusionIn conclusion, high baseline isoagglutinin titre was associated with a high rebound isoagglutinin titre, low titre reduction rates and more sessions of plasmapheresis. However, the isoagglutinin titre may not be as important as it was in the past in ABOi KT if appropriate desensitization is performed.
Healthy and cariogenic foods consumption and dental caries: A preschool‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Morikava Francine Sumie , Fraiz Fabian Calixto , Gil Giovana Solheid , de Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães , Ferreira Fernanda Morais 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association of the consumption of healthy and cariogenic foods with the prevalence of untreated dental caries among preschool children.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 427 5‐year‐old preschoolers. Caries was evaluated through a clinical examination using dmft index. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing socioeconomic status, eating frequency, and oral hygiene habits.ResultsThe prevalence of untreated caries was 51%. The multiple models demonstrated a seven percent increase in the prevalence of untreated caries with each additional daily contact with cariogenic foods, whereas a four percent reduction in this prevalence rate was found for each additional contact with healthy foods. When the number of daily contacts with cariogenic and healthy foods was incorporated into the same model, the former reached only borderline statistical significance (p = 0.05), whereas the latter maintained an association with lower caries rates (p = 0.01).ConclusionA dietary assessment based solely on the frequency of the consumption of cariogenic foods may not be sufficient to understand the occurrence of dental caries in preschool children. It is necessary a more comprehensive evaluation of the dietary pattern, once a healthy diet can present an association with lower prevalence of caries even among preschool children who consume cariogenic foods.
Recent polyploidization events in three Saccharum founding species
Authors: Zhang Jisen , Zhang Qing , Li Leiting , Tang Haibao , Zhang Qiong , Chen Yang , Arrow Jie , Zhang Xingtan , Wang Aiqin , Miao Chenyong , Ming Ray 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe complexity of polyploid Saccharum genomes hindered progress of genome research and crop improvement in sugarcane. To understand their genome structure, transcriptomes of 59 F1 individuals derived from S. officinarumLA Purple and S. robustum Molokai 5829 (2n = 80, x = 10 for both) were sequenced, yielding 11 157 and 8998 SNPs and 83 and 105 linkage groups, respectively. Most markers in each linkage group aligned to single sorghum chromosome. However, 71 interchromosomal rearrangements were detected between sorghum and S. officinarum or S. robustum, and 24 (33.8%) of them were shared between S. officinarum and S. robustum, indicating their occurrence before the speciation event that separated these two species. More than 2000 gene pairs from S. spontaneum, S. officinarum and S. robustum were analysed to estimate their divergence time. Saccharum officinarum and S. robustum diverged about 385 thousand years ago, and the whole‐genome duplication events occurred after the speciation event because of shared interchromosomal rearrangements. The ancestor of these two species diverged from S. spontaneum about 769 thousand years ago, and the reduction in basic chromosome number from 10 to 8 in S. spontaneum occurred after the speciation event but before the two rounds of whole‐genome duplication. Our results proved that S. officinarum is a legitimate species in its own right and not a selection from S. robustum during the domestication process in the past 10 000 years. Our findings rejected a long‐standing hypothesis and clarified the timing of speciation and whole‐genome duplication events in Saccharum.
Changes in parental barriers to immunizations
Authors: Niederhauser Victoria P. , Lindley Lisa C. , Farabollini Brittany 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore if parental barriers to childhood immunizations change over time.Design and SampleUsing secondary data, a pretest post‐test design was employed to measure changes in parental barriers to childhood immunizations in the first 7 months of life. Thirty‐nine parent/infant dyads were included in this study.MeasuresThe Searching for Hardship and Obstacles to Shots (SHOTS) Survey was completed by a parent when their infant was between one and 28 days old (prior to their first immunizations) and again when the child was 6–7 months of age.ResultsIn this study, parental barriers to immunizations decreased over time. Specifically, six individual items related to accessing immunizations decreased from baseline to 7 months of age. In addition, the Access to Shots subscale decreased significantly (p = 0.010) between the two time periods. In less educated parents, the Importance of Immunizations subscale decreased over time.ConclusionGiven the findings and trends in changes identified in this study, more exploration is necessary to understand what parental barriers change over time and how these changes affect immunization rates in early infancy.
Evaluated UVA Irradiances over a Twelve‐year Period at a Subtropical Site from Ozone Monitoring Instrument Data Including the Influence of Cloud
Authors: A Jebar Mustapha A. , Parisi Alfio V. , Downs Nathan J. , Turner Joanna F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis research investigated the influence of cloud on the broadband UVA solar noon irradiances evaluated from the solar noon satellite‐based OMI spectral UV data that were compared to the irradiances of a ground‐based radiometer from 1 October 2004 to 31 December 2016. The correlation between ground‐based radiometer data and the evaluated OMI broadband UVA data evaluated with a model were dependent on whether or not the solar disk was obscured by the presence of cloud and the total sky cloud fraction. For conditions when the sun was not obscured by cloud, the evaluated satellite and the ground‐based UVA irradiance correlation was best for cloud cover between 0 and 2 octa (R2 = 0.77) and the worst for high cloud cover of >4–8 octa (R2 between 0.3 and 0.4). The R2 reduced with increasing cloud amount and showed significantly weaker correlation when the sun was obscured. The correlation between the evaluated satellite broadband UVA and the ground‐based measurements over the twelve years for total cloud cover conditions of 4 or less octa confirmed that the broadband UVA satellite evaluation model for the OMI spectral data is valid for approximately 71% of the days at the Southern Hemisphere subtropical study site.