bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric oncology simulation training for resident education
Authors: Smink Gayle M , Jeffe Donna B , Hayashi Robert J , Al-Hammadi Noor , Fehr James J 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionWe sought to evaluate paediatric oncology simulations intended to improve paediatric residents’ skills and comfort in caring for children with cancer.MethodIn a non-randomised trial, controls (the first three rotations) received a standard set of lectures, and the intervention arm received these lectures plus five simulation training scenarios—fever/neutropaenia, a new leukaemia diagnosis, end-of-life care discussion, tumour lysis syndrome and a mediastinal mass. All residents were tested after the rotation on the first three scenarios; management skills were evaluated independently by two raters. Before and after training, all residents completed an emotional-appraisal questionnaire evaluating each scenario as a perceived challenge or threat. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) measured differences by study arm in skills checklist assessments and appraisals; repeated measures ANOVA measured changes in emotional-appraisal scores.ResultsForty-two residents (9 controls, 33 interventions) participated. Inter-rater agreement for skills checklist scores using average-measures intraclass correlation was high (0.847), and overall mean scores were significantly higher for the intervention than control group across both raters (p=0.005). For all residents, perceived challenge increased in the end-of-life simulation, and perceived threat decreased in all three test scenarios. The intervention group, regardless of training year, evaluated the teaching scenarios favourably and felt that challenging oncology situations were addressed, skills were enhanced and the simulations should be offered to other residents.ConclusionsIt was feasible to introduce residents to difficult paediatric oncology scenarios using simulation. The intervention group performed more skills than controls when tested and perceive threat declined in all residents after their paediatric oncology rotation.
Sexual orientation and sex differences in socioeconomic status: a population-based investigation in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health
Authors: Conron Kerith J , Goldberg Shoshana K , Halpern Carolyn T 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundSocioeconomic status (SES) is a fundamental contributor to health; however, limited research has examined sexual orientation differences in SES.Methods2008–2009 data from 14 051 participants (ages 24–32 years) in the US-based, representative, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were analysed using multivariable regressions that adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, childhood SES, urbanicity and Census region, separately for females and males. Modification by racial minority status (black or Latino vs white, non-Hispanic) was also explored.ResultsAmong females, sexual minorities (SM) (10.5% of females) were less likely to graduate college, and were more likely to be unemployed, poor/near poor, to receive public assistance and to report economic hardship and lower social status than heterosexuals. Adjusting for education attenuated many of these differences. Among males, SM (4.2% of males) were more likely than heterosexuals to be college graduates; however, they also had lower personal incomes. Lower rates of homeownership were observed among SM, particularly racial minority SM females. For males, household poverty patterns differed by race-ethnicity: among racial minority males, SM were more likely than heterosexuals to be living at >400% federal poverty level), whereas the pattern was reversed among whites.ConclusionsSexual minorities, especially females, are of lower SES than their heterosexual counterparts. SES should be considered a potential mediator of SM stigma on health. Studies of public policies that may produce, as well as mitigate, observed SES inequities, are warranted.
Small adipose stores in cystic fibrosis mice are characterized by reduced cell volume, not cell number
Authors: Bederman Ilya , DiScenna Alex , Henderson Leigh , Perez Aura , Klavanian Jeannie , Kovtun Daniel , Collins Olivia , Dunn John , Erokwu Bernadette , Flask Christopher A. , Drumm Mitchell L. 
Published: September 2018

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal genetic disorder that affects many organ systems of the body, including various endocrine and exocrine tissues. Health and survival positively associate with body mass, and as a consequence, CF clinical care includes high-fat, high-calorie diets to maintain and increase adipose tissue stores. Such strategies have been implemented without a clear understanding of the cause and effect relationship between body mass and patients’ health. Here, we used CF mouse models, which display small adipose stores, to begin examining body fat as a prelude into mechanistic studies of low body growth in CF, so that optimal therapeutic strategies could be developed. We reasoned that low adiposity must result from reduced number and/or volume of adipocytes. To determine relative contribution of either mechanism, we quantified volume of intraperitoneal and subcutaneous adipocytes. We found smaller, but not fewer, adipocytes in CF compared with wild-type (WT) animals. Specifically, intraperitoneal CF adipocytes were one-half the volume of WT cells, whereas subcutaneous cells were less affected by the Cftr genotype. No differences were found in cell types between CF and WT adipose tissues. Adipose tissue CFTR mRNA was detected, and we found greater CFTR expression in intraperitoneal depots as compared with subcutaneous samples. RNA sequencing revealed that CF adipose tissue exhibited lower expression of several key genes of adipocyte function ( Lep, Pck1, Fas, Jun), consistent with low triglyceride storage. The data indicate that CF adipocytes contain fewer triglycerides than WT cells, and a role for CFTR in these cells is proposed. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Adipocytes in cystic fibrosis mice exhibit smaller size due to low triglyceride storage. Adipocyte cell number per fat pad is similar, implying triglyceride storage problem. The absence of CFTR function in adipose tissue has been proposed as a direct link to low triglyceride storage in cystic fibrosis.
Dysfunction of the systemic right ventricle after atrial switch: physiological implications of altered septal geometry and load
Authors: Storsten Petter , Eriksen Morten , Remme Espen W. , Boe Espen , Erikssen Gunnar , Smiseth Otto A. , Skulstad Helge 
Published: September 2018

Atrial switch operation in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) leads to leftward shift and changes the geometry of the interventricular septum. By including the implications of regional work and septal curvature, this study investigates if changes in septal function and geometry contribute to reduced function of the systemic right ventricle (RV) in adult TGA patients. Regional myocardial work estimation has been possible by applying a recently developed method for noninvasive work calculation based on echocardiography. In 14 TGA patients (32 ± 6 yr, means ± SD) and 14 healthy controls, systemic ventricular systolic strains were measured by speckle tracking echocardiography and regional work was calculated by pressure-strain analysis. In TGA patients, septal longitudinal strain was reduced to −14 ± 2 vs. −20 ± 2% in controls ( P < 0.01) and septal work was reduced from 2,046 ± 318 to 1,146 ± 260 mmHg·% ( P < 0.01). Septal circumferential strain measured in a subgroup of patients was reduced to −11 ± 3 vs. −27 ± 3% in controls ( P < 0.01), and a reduction of septal work (540 ± 273 vs. 2,663 ± 459 mmHg·%) was seen ( P < 0.01). These reductions were in part attributed to elevated afterload due to increased radius of curvature of the leftward shifted septum. To conclude, in this mechanistic study we demonstrate that septal dysfunction contributes to failure of the systemic RV after atrial switch in TGA patients. This is potentially a long-term response to increased afterload due to a flatter septum and suggests that medical therapy that counteracts septal flattening may improve function of the systemic RV. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have demonstrated that transposition of the great arteries patients with systemic right ventricles (RVs) have reduced function of the interventricular septum (IVS). Since the IVS is constructed to eject into the systemic circulation, it may seem unexpected that it does not maintain function when being part of the systemic RV. By applying the principles of regional work, wall tension, and geometry, we have identified unfavorable working conditions for the IVS when the RV adapts to systemic pressures.
The spatial pattern of methacholine bronchoconstriction recurs when supine independently of posture during provocation but does not recur between postures
Authors: Geier Eric T. , Kubo Kent , Theilmann Rebecca J. , Prisk Gordon K. , Sá Rui C. 
Published: September 2018

The location of lung regions with compromised ventilation (often called ventilation defects) during a bronchoconstriction event may be influenced by posture. We aimed to determine the effect of prone versus supine posture on the spatial pattern of methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in six healthy adults (ages 21–41, 3 women) using specific ventilation imaging. Three postural conditions were chosen to assign the effect of posture to the drug administration and/or imaging phase of the experiment: supine methacholine administration followed by supine imaging, prone methacholine administration followed by supine imaging, and prone methacholine administration followed by prone imaging. The two conditions in which imaging was performed supine had similar spatial patterns of bronchoconstriction despite a change in posture during methacholine administration; the odds ratio for recurrent constriction was mean (SD) = 7.4 (3.9). Conversely, dissimilar spatial patterns of bronchoconstriction emerged when posture during imaging was changed; the odds ratio for recurrent constriction between the prone methacholine/supine imaging condition and the prone methacholine/prone imaging condition was 1.2 (0.9). Logistic regression showed that height above the dependent lung border was a significant negative predictor of constriction in the two supine imaging conditions ( P < 0.001 for each) but not in the prone imaging condition ( P = 0.20). These results show that the spatial pattern of methacholine bronchoconstriction is recurrent in the supine posture, regardless of whether methacholine is given prone or supine but that prone posture during imaging eliminates that recurrent pattern and reduces its dependence on gravitational height. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The spatial pattern of methacholine bronchoconstriction in the supine posture is recurrent and skewed toward the dependent lung, regardless of whether inhaled methacholine is administered while supine or while prone. However, both the recurrent pattern and the gravitational skew are eliminated if imaging is performed prone. These results suggest that gravitational influence on regional lung inflation and airway topography at the time of measurement play a role in determining regional bronchoconstriction in the healthy lung.
Simple intermittent resistance activity mitigates the detrimental effect of prolonged unbroken sitting on arterial function in overweight and obese adults
Authors: Climie Rachel E. , Wheeler Michael J. , Grace Megan , Lambert Elisabeth A. , Cohen Neale , Owen Neville , Kingwell Bronwyn A. , Dunstan David W. , Green Daniel J. 
Published: September 2018

Prolonged sitting contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The underlying mechanisms are unknown but may include changes in arterial function and vasoactive mediators. We examined the effects of prolonged unbroken sitting, relative to regular active interruptions to sitting time, on arterial function in adults at increased CVD risk. In a randomized crossover trial, 19 sedentary overweight/obese adults (mean ± SD age 57 ± 12 yr) completed 2 laboratory-based conditions: 5 h uninterrupted sitting (SIT) and 5 h sitting interrupted every 30 min by 3 min of simple resistance activities (SRA). Femoral artery function [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)], blood flow, and shear rate were measured at 0 h, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 5 h. Brachial FMD was assessed at 0 and 5 h. Plasma was collected hourly for measurement of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitrates/nitrites, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). There was a significant decline in femoral artery FMD, averaged over 5 h in the SIT condition, relative to SRA ( P < 0.001). Plasma ET-1 total area under the curve over 5 h increased in the SIT condition compared with SRA ( P = 0.006). There was no significant difference between conditions in femoral or brachial shear rate, brachial FMD, nitrates/nitrites, VCAM-1, or ICAM-1 ( P > 0.05 for all). Five hours of prolonged sitting, relative to regular interruptions to sitting time, impaired femoral artery vasodilator function and increased circulating ET-1 in overweight/obese adults. There is the need to build on this evidence beyond acute observations to better understand the potential longer-term vascular-related consequences of prolonged sitting. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine the effect of prolonged sitting on arterial function in adults at increased cardiovascular disease risk. We have shown that 5 h of prolonged sitting, relative to regular interruptions to sitting time, impaired femoral artery vasodilator function and increased circulating endothelin-1 in overweight/obese adults. There is now the need to build on this evidence beyond acute observations to better understand the potential longer-term vascular-related consequences of prolonged sitting.
Does TMB Impact the Effectiveness of TKIs in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC?
Authors: Cheng Michael L. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Patients with EGFR-mutant non–small cell lung cancer achieve variable benefit from targeted therapy, and biomarkers to predict degree of benefit are not in clinical use. EGFR-mutant cancers with high tumor mutational burden demonstrate poorer outcomes on EGFR-targeted therapy. Investigation into the mechanisms underlying this intriguing association is needed.
See related article by Offin et al., p. 1063
Selective Inhibition of ADAM28 Suppresses Lung Carcinoma Cell Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Mochizuki Satsuki , Shimoda Masayuki , Abe Hitoshi , Miyamae Yuka , Kuramoto Junko , Aramaki-Hattori Noriko , Ishii Ken , Ueno Hideki , Miyakoshi Akira , Kojoh Kanehisa , Okada Yasunori 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
ADAM28 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 28) is overexpressed by carcinoma cells in non–small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by reactivation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and escaping from von Willebrand factor (VWF)–induced apoptosis through digestion of IGF-binding protein-3 and VWF, respectively. To aim for new target therapy of NSCLC patients, we developed human neutralizing antibodies 211-12 and 211-14 against ADAM28, which showed IC50 values of 62.4 and 37.5 nmol/L, respectively. Antibody 211-14 recognized the junctional region between cysteine-rich domain and secreted-specific domain and showed a KD value of 94.7 pmol/L for the epitope-containing peptide. This antibody detected monkey and human secreted-form ADAM28s, although it was not reactive with mouse membrane-anchored ADAM28m. Antibody 211-14 effectively inhibited IGF-1–stimulated cell proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with ADAM28 expression, including PC-9 cells, and promoted VWF-induced cell death in these cell lines. In lung metastasis models, antibody 211-14 significantly reduced tumor growth and metastases of PC-9 cells and prolonged survivals in the antibody-treated mice compared with the control IgG-treated ones. Combination therapy of the antibody and docetaxel was more effective than that of bevacizumab and docetaxel and showed further elongation of survival time compared with monotherapy. No adverse effects were observed even after administration of 10-fold more than effective dose of anti-ADAM28 antibody to normal mice. Our data demonstrate that antibody 211-14 is a neutralizing antibody specific to ADAM28s and suggest that this antibody may be a useful treatment remedy for NSCLC patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2427–38. ©2018 AACR.
МЕТАБОЛІТОТРОПНА ТЕРАПІЯ В ЛІКУВАННІ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ГІПЕРТОНІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ ІІ СТАДІЇ У ПОЄДНАННІ З СТАБІЛЬНОЮ ІШЕМІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ СЕРЦЯ
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Biletskyi S. V. 
Published: September 2018

In the treatment of arterial hypertension (AH), stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD), correction of metabolic factors of cardiovascular risk using antioxidants and nitrogen monoxide (NO) donor agents is extremely important.The aim of the study – to investigate the effectiveness of treatment of patients with AH of the II stage in conjunction with SIHD by influencing with Quercetin (Corvitin) and Arginine hydrochloride (Tivortin) upon the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism indices, the intensity of peroxide lipid oxidation (LPO), and the endothelial function.Materials and Methods. The study involved 56 patients with AH of the II stage concomitant with SIHD, which were randomized into two groups. The 1st group consisted of 24 patients, who received a common baseline therapy (BT). Patients of the 2nd group (32 persons) received infusion Corvitin therapy (0.5 g) besides BT during the first 6 days, and 100 ml of intravenous Tivortin solution during the next 6 days, followed by the outpatient oral administration of 10 ml of Tivortin 2 times per day during two weeks.Results and Discussion. The use of Corvitin and Tivortin against the background of BT in patients with AH of the II stage in combination with SIHD has led to a significant improvement of lipidogram indices, decreased plasma glucose concentration, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), HOMA -IR index, plasma malonic aldehyde (MA) and erythrocytes. Reliable increase in the content of reduced glutathione (RG), increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (GP), catalase (CT) has been marked from the side of antioxidant protection (AOP). There was a significant increase in the content of end-metabolites of NO by 22.2 %, of the endothelial vascular growth factor VEG F-A – by 38.2 %. A more significant indices dynamics is observed in patients with the genotype Pro/Ala of the PPAR γ2 gene.
Reading the Slave Girl of Acts 16:16-18 in Light of Enslavement and Disability
Authors: Valentine Katy E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This article analyzes the story of the exorcism of the slave girl in Acts 16:16-18 in light of recent studies in the field of disability. I show that the ancient world considered spirit possession to be a disability, and the slave girl is doubly vulnerable as one both possessed and enslaved. Her oracular status, however, gave her a limited amount of authority in her context, which was erased in the exorcism by Paul. The loss of this disability then increased the risk for the slave girl by angering her masters. The slave girl is a “narrative prosthesis” in the text; the story is interested primarily in her disability, and once her disability is removed, she disappears from the text. The story of the slave girl offers us insights about the power of embracing disabilities as valuable identities and sources of authority.
Gender in Biblical Studies after the Forgery of The Gospel of Jesus’s Wife
Authors: Zeichmann Christopher B. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Gospel of Jesus’s Wife (GJW) was announced in 2012, but was effectively declared “dead” in June 2016 when it was shown beyond doubt to be a modern forgery. This article, rather than discussing the content or authenticity of GJW, considers the role of gender in scholarly discourse on GJW. While conversation about GJW began as one would expect for a newly announced Gospel fragment, its subtext soon evinced preoccupations with gender in the field of biblical studies. Particularly troubling was the sexist intonation of scholarly discourse, which came to associate GJW and its advocates with “hyperfeminism” and deemed the fragment’s owner’s spouse an “eccentric wife.” This article is an effort to both describe the texture of scholarly discourse as well as identify factors contributing to the sexist discussion that ensued. These problems are representative of pervasive issues that are often ignored in the field of biblical studies.
The Law of Sacrifice
Authors: Norman Ralph 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
When placing Hopkins in the divisive and impassioned religious and academic world of mid-Victorian Oxford, scholars have frequently drawn attention to those University tutors and senior churchmen who in different ways influenced his mental and religious development: Benjamin Jowett, Walter Pater, Henry Parry Liddon, and (more distantly, from Birmingham) John Henry Newman. In comparison, relatively little attention has been paid to Hopkins’s own undergraduate friends and contemporaries at Balliol College, or to the question of how other young men responded to the same set of religious circumstances and intellectual influences. In this study Henry Scott Holland (1847–1918) is selected to illustrate discernible Anglican parallels to particular aspects of Hopkins’s literary style and religious faith. Examining the ways Holland’s Anglicanism resembles, engages, contests, and shadows the early spirituality of Hopkins throws useful light on their overlapping academic and religious contexts. Particular attention is paid to examples of shared vocabulary, to themes from Holland’s published sermons and religious writings, which correlate to elements of Hopkins’s work, and especially to Holland’s vision of a kenotic “law of sacrifice” set in the life of the Holy Trinity. Key works such as Holland’s Logic and Life (1882) and the influential volume of Anglican essays Lux Mundi: A Series of Studies in the Religion of the Incarnation (1889) are utilized to inform a new perspective on Hopkins’s sermons and devotional writings.
Korrespondenz zwischen A. G. van Hamel und drei isländische Gelehrten
Authors: Quak Arend 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The University Library in Utrecht holds photocopies of 19 letters by the Dutch celtologist A. G. van Hamel (1886–1945) to Icelandic friends. The originals lay in the Landsbókasafn in Reykjavík. The first letter is written in English and concerns the preparations of van Hamel’s second trip to Iceland in 1929. All other letters are in Icelandic. A few letters concern the poem van Hamel composed in commemoration of Iceland’s 1000th birthday in 1930. The other letters (from 1929 to 1937) concern van Hamel’s membership of the Íslenzkt Bókmenntafélag and the exchange of scholars and books between the universities of Utrecht and Reykjavík. The last letter contains a report about the situation in Holland after the liberation in 1945.
Sixteen new species of the spider genus Althepus Thorell, 1898 (Araneae: Ochyroceratidae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: LI FENGYUAN , LIU CHANG , WONGPROM PRASIT , LI SHUQIANG 
Published: September 2018

Sixteen new Althepus species of the spider family Ochyroceratidae are reported from Southeast Asia: A. bamensis Li et Li sp. nov., A. changmao Li et Li sp. nov., A. dongnaiensis Li et Li sp. nov., A. guan Li et Li sp. nov., A. maechamensis Li et Li sp. nov., A. menglaensis Li et Li sp. nov., A. naphongensis Li et Li sp. nov., A. natmataungensis Li et Li sp. nov. (male only), A. phadaengensis Li et Li sp. nov., A. shanhu Li et Li sp. nov., A. suayaiensis Li et Li sp. nov. (male only), A. tadetuensis Li et Li sp. nov., A. tanhuang Li et Li sp. nov., A. thanlaensis Li et Li sp. nov., A. tharnlodensis Li et Li sp. nov. (female only), and A. viengkeoensis Li et Li sp. nov.