bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical detection of catechol with a disposable carbon nanotube paste electrode modified with CTAB
Authors: Chen Tingfei , Huang Yanzhi , Liu Xiaojun , Zhu Chunnan , Liu Chao , Zheng Dongyun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The accurate and rapid detection of catechol which is a class of highly toxic organic phenolic compounds, is of great importance for the protection of environment and human health. In this work, a novel electrochemical sensor for catechol was constructed by modifying multi-walled carbon nanotube paste microelectrode with a cationic surfactant of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) through a simple and controllable adsorption method. Electrochemical experiment results show that the modified electrode has good sensitization effect to the electrochemical response of catechol. The electrochemical response mechanism of the sensor to catechol were investigated through using many analytical methods, including scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques. Under the optimal fabrication and application conditions, the response current of catechol on the sensor exhibits a good linear relationship with its concentration from 1.0 μmol l−1 ∼ 7.0 mmol l−1 with a sensitivity of 1.33 nA/(μmol l−1) and a low detection limit of 15 nmol l−1 (S/N = 3). Applying the sensor in the detection of catechol in tap water samples and urine samples, the results were satisfactory, indicating its good application prospect.
Revised bounds on local cosmic strings from NANOGrav observations
Authors: Kume Jun'ya , Hindmarsh Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In a recent paper, the NANOGrav collaboration studied new physics explanations of the observed pulsar timing residuals consistent with a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) [1], including cosmic strings in the Nambu-Goto (NG) approximation. Analysing one of current models for the loop distribution, it was found that the cosmic string model is disfavored compared to other sources, for example, super massive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). When both SMBHB and cosmic string models are included in the analysis, an upper bound on a string tension Gμ≲ 10-10 was derived. However, the analysis did not accommodate results from cosmic string simulations in an underlying field theory, which indicate that at most a small fraction of string loops survive long enough to emit GW. Following and extending our previous study [2], we suppose that a fraction f
NG of string loops follow NG dynamics and emit only GWs, and study the three different models of the loop distribution discussed in the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) collaboration analyses.
We re-analyse the NANOGrav 15yrs data with our signal models by using the NANOGrav ENTERPRISE analysis code via the wrapper PTArcade. We find that loop distributions similar to LVK Model B and C yield higher Bayes factor than Model A analysed in the NANOGrav paper, as they can more easily accommodate a blue-tilted spectrum of the observed amplitude. Furthermore, because of the degeneracy of Gμ and f
NG in determining the signal amplitude, our posterior distribution extends to higher values of Gμ, and in some cases the uppermost value of credible intervals is close to the Cosmic Microwave Background limit Gμ≲ 10-7.
Hence, in addition to the pulsar timing array data, further information about the fraction of long-lived loops in a cosmic string network is required to constrain the string tension.
Quantum-enhanced interferometry with unbalanced entangled coherent states
Authors: Tang 汤 Jun 俊 , Du 堵 Zi-Hang 子航 , Zhong 钟 Wei 伟 , Zhou 周 Lan 澜 , Sheng 盛 Yu-Bo 宇波 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a quantum-enhanced metrological scheme utilizing unbalanced entangled coherent states (ECSs) generated by passing a coherent state and a coherent state superposition through an unbalanced beam splitter (BS). We identify the optimal phase sensitivity of this scheme by maximizing the quantum Fisher information (QFI) with respect to the BS transmission ratio. Our scheme outperforms the conventional scheme with a balanced BS, particularly in the presence of single-mode photon loss. Notably, our scheme retains quantum advantage in phase sensitivity in the limit of high photon intensity, where the balanced scheme offers no advantage over the classical strategy.
Improved reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution with intensity fluctuations
Authors: Chen 陈 Zi-Qi 子骐 , Sun 孙 Hao-Bing 昊冰 , Sun 孙 Ming-Shuo 铭烁 , Wang 王 Qin 琴 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reference-frame-independent quantum key distribution (RFI-QKD) can avoid real-time calibration operation of reference frames and improve the efficiency of the communication process. However, due to imperfections of optical devices, there will inevitably exist intensity fluctuations in the source side of the QKD system, which will affect the final secure key rate. To reduce the influence of intensity fluctuations, an improved 3-intensity RFI-QKD scheme is proposed in this paper. After considering statistical fluctuations and implementing global parameter optimization, we conduct corresponding simulation analysis. The results show that our present work can present both higher key rate and a farther transmission distance than the standard method.
Scaling up the assessment of logging’s impact on forest structure in Central Africa using field and UAV data
Authors: Dupuis Chloé , Ligot Gauthier , Bastin Jean-François , Lejeune Philippe , Doucet Jean-Louis , Rossi Vivien , Fayolle Adeline 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A third of the forest area in Central Africa has been granted to logging companies. Logging is highly selective in the region, with an average of 0.7–4.0 trees harvested per ha, but its direct impact on forest structure and the spatial variation of this impact remain understudied. Here, we investigated the direct impact of logging on forest structure, we related this impact to logging intensity and canopy opening. We compiled unique datasets collecting field measurements and aerial observations in four FSC certified concessions. Our data includes pre- and post-logging inventory of forest plots covering 38 ha, records of over 6000 harvested trees, and drone RGB images covering over 6000 ha. In average, logging activities reduced forest above-ground biomass by 8.8%, stem density by 6.5%, basal-area by 8.5% and canopy cover by 4.4%. Strong relationships were found between the reduction in biomass, stem density, or basal area with logging intensity, canopy opening and the number and volume of harvested trees (relative root mean squared error (rRMSE) between 0.128 and 0.164). Additionally, we demonstrated that canopy opening can be a good indicator to monitor and upscale logging intensity (rRMSE between 0.0005 and 0.0022). This study is the first covering extensive inventory plots and uninhabited aerial vehicle images before and after logging in different locations in Central Africa, providing a valuable reference to evaluate the impact of logging on forest structure. It demonstrates how canopy opening can be used to estimate measurements usually collected in the field and provides to the remote sensing community a unique dataset that will help improving monitoring systems (Dupuis et al 2024 (available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2268/323683)). These findings also have significant implications to control and manage logging activities, especially for certification standards, forest administrations, and European regulations.
Quantifying magic resource via quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence
Authors: Tian Peihua , Sun Yuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Magic is a precious resource necessary for achieving universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. Therefore, it is of vital importance to study the detection and quantification of the magic resource encompassed in quantum states and quantum gates both theoretically and experimentally. In this work, we adopt the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence to quantify the magic resource of quantum states and quantum gates. On the one hand, we determine the magic resource of a pure state as the minimal and average distance between this state and the set of pure stabilizer states via the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence, respectively, and extend them to the general mixed states through the method of convex roof construction. We investigate the basic properties of these two magic quantifiers and utilize them to evaluate the magic resource for some typical qubit and qutrit states. By comparing the magic quantifier via the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence with the min-relative entropy of magic and the stabilizer α-Rényi entropies, we find that the min-relative entropy of magic provides both an upper bound and a lower bound for the magic quantifier via the quantum Jensen-Shannon divergence, and the stabilizer α-Rényi entropies provide a series of lower bounds for the magic quantifier via the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence. On the other hand, based on the magic quantifier via the quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence for quantum states, we further propose two quantifiers for the magic-resource-generating power of quantum gates and demonstrate that the T-gate is the optimal diagonal unitary gate in creating magic resource for both qubit and qutrit systems in the sense of Clifford equivalence.
Increased occurrence of malignancy before and after chemoradiation for anal squamous cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis
Authors: Kumar Ritesh , Hallemeier Chris L , Chang Daniel T , Lu Shou-En , Hathout Lara , Hristidis Vasilis C , Jethwa Krishnan R , Baclay J Richelcyn M , Manne Veeraswamy , Chakrani Zakaria , Haddock Michael G , Toesca Diego Augusto Santos , Pollom Erqi Liu , Wu Abraham J , Sandhyavenu Harigopal , Romesser Paul B , Jabbour Salma K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Anal squamous cell carcinoma is a rare cancer with increased occurrence of multiple cancers before and after the anal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. However, there are limited data on this aspect. This multi-institutional analysis aimed to define the occurrence of malignancies before and after anal squamous cell carcinoma, time trends, and impact on survival and to identify prognostic factors.

Methods
Initial primary malignancy was defined as a malignancy occurring before the anal squamous cell carcinoma. Second primary malignancy was defined as a distinct primary cancer that developed after anal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. Retrospective multi-institutional chart review was done. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and prognostic factors were evaluated.

Results
A total of 647 patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma treated with curative intent were analyzed. Median age was 61.2 years with 72% as females. Of these, 150 (23.3%) patients had multiple malignancies with initial primary malignancy in 16% and second primary malignancy in 8%. Patients without prior cancer had better 5-year PFS (81.2% vs 67.2%, P = .011) and overall survival (81% vs 69%, P = .008) compared with those with prior cancer. Second primary malignancies had a statistically significant adverse impact on PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.22) and overall survival (HR = 3.56). Females had better 5-year PFS (82% vs 70%, P = .016) as compared with males. The median time interval for developing anal squamous cell carcinoma (as second primary malignancy) after initial primary malignancy was 9.32 years.

Conclusions
Anal squamous cell carcinoma patients have an increased risk of multiple malignancies. These patients who have prior cancers have inferior outcomes. Second primary malignancy is a poor prognostic factor in patients with anal cancer. Second primary malignancy can develop years after treatment of primary anal squamous cell carcinoma.
Evolution of massive black holes in galactic nuclei
Authors: Inoue Hajime 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a scenario for mass evolution of massive black holes (MBHs) in galactic nuclei, to explain both the mass correlation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with bulges and the downsizing behavior of active galactic nuclei. Primordial gas structures that produce galactic bulges are supposed to be formed at $z \sim 10$ and the core region, called the nuclear region (NR) here, is considered to be a place for an MBH to grow to an SMBH. The downsizing behavior requires the MBH to significantly increase its mass in a time $\sim$1 Gyr. The rapid mass increase is discussed as being realized only when the MBH stays in a very high-density region such as the core of a molecular cloud throughout the period $\sim$1 Gyr. According to these arguments, MBHs formed from population III stars born in mini-halos at $z \sim 20$–30 are excluded from the candidates for the seed black hole for an SMBH and only MBHs from population II stars born in the core of the central molecular cloud (CMC) in the NR are left as candidates. The MBHs in the dense core of the CMC started increasing in mass through mass accretion and the most massive black hole (MMBH) saw the most rapid evolution, possibly restraining the relatively slow evolutions of the less massive black holes. Dynamical interactions of the MMBH with ambient MCs induced the wandering motion and the further mass increase. However, when the MMBH mass exceeds a boundary mass, dynamical friction with field stars brakes the MMBH wandering and mass accretion. This scenario can semi-quantitatively reproduce both the downsizing behavior and the SMBH mass–bulge mass correlation with reasonable parameter values.
Hyperelliptic and Trigonal Modular Curves in Characteristic p
Authors: Derickx Maarten , Najman Filip 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Let $X_\Delta(N)$ be an intermediate modular curve of level N, meaning that there exist (possibly trivial) morphisms $X_1(N)\rightarrow X_\Delta(N) \rightarrow X_0(N)$. For all such intermediate modular curves, we give an explicit description of all primes $p \nmid N$ such that $X_\Delta(N)_{\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p}$ is either hyperelliptic or trigonal. Furthermore we also determine all primes p such that $X_\Delta(N)_{\mathbb{F}_p}$ is trigonal.
This is done by first using the Castelnuovo–Severi inequality to establish a bound N0 such that if $X_0(N)_{{\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p}}$ is hyperelliptic or trigonal, then $N \leq N_0$. To deal with the remaining small values of N, we develop a method based on the careful study of the canonical ideal to determine, for a fixed curve $X_\Delta(N)$, all the primes p such that $X_\Delta(N)_{{\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p}}$ is trigonal or hyperelliptic.
Furthermore, as a byproduct of the developed methods we show that $X_\Delta(N)_{{\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p}}$ is not a smooth plane quintic, for any N and any p.
FRK exerts oncogenic effects by targeting NQO2 via exosomal miR‐9‐3p to regulate mitochondrial function
Authors: Huang Hong , Wang Yan , Gan Jiadi , Bu Hong , Li Cong , Li Yi , Yang Yongfeng , Liu Dan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe role of Fyn‐related kinase (FRK) in promoting tumor progression and metabolism in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been demonstrated in our earlier study, and here we further explored whether exosome could serve as a key player in the relevant regulatory mechanism. Exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of FRK‐knockout (KO) cells and co‐cultured with NSCLC cells, showing negative effects on cell proliferation, metastasis, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Exosomal miR‐9‐3p was selected as an intermediate messenger through microRNA (miRNA) sequencing. The miR‐9‐3p inhibitor and exosome inhibitor GW4869 were then applied in the co‐culture system to verify the contribution of exosomal miR‐9‐3p to cell malignant phenotype and mitochondrial function. Moreover, NQO2, a potential target of exosomal miR‐9‐3p, was also suggested to be involved in the regulation of mitochondrial functional status. In brief, this study revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which FRK promotes the malignant progression of NSCLC by targeting NQO2 via exosomal miR‐9‐3p to strengthen mitochondrial function.
Purification of mitochondria from skeletal muscle tissue for transcriptomic analyses reveals localization of nuclear‐encoded noncoding RNAs
Authors: Silver Jessica , Trewin Adam J. , Loke Stella , Croft Larry , Ziemann Mark , Soria Megan , Dillon Hayley , Nielsen Søren , Lamon Séverine , Wadley Glenn D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMitochondria are central to cellular function, particularly in metabolically active tissues such as skeletal muscle. Nuclear‐encoded RNAs typically localize within the nucleus and cytosol but a small population may also translocate to subcellular compartments such as mitochondria. We aimed to investigate the nuclear‐encoded RNAs that localize within the mitochondria of skeletal muscle cells and tissue. Intact mitochondria were isolated via immunoprecipitation (IP) followed by enzymatic treatments (RNase‐A and proteinase‐K) optimized to remove transcripts located exterior to mitochondria, making it amenable for high‐throughput transcriptomic sequencing. Small RNA sequencing libraries were successfully constructed from as little as 1.8 ng mitochondrial RNA input. Small RNA sequencing of mitochondria from rat myoblasts revealed the enrichment of over 200 miRNAs. Whole‐transcriptome RNA sequencing of enzymatically purified mitochondria isolated by IP from skeletal muscle tissue showed a striking similarity in the degree of purity compared to mitoplast preparations which lack an outer mitochondrial membrane. In summary, we describe a novel, powerful sequencing approach applicable to animal and human tissues and cells that can facilitate the discovery of nuclear‐encoded RNA transcripts localized within skeletal muscle mitochondria.
Relationships Between Tacrolimus Exposure and Adverse Events in Renal Transplant Patients: The ExpoTac Study
Authors: Monchaud Caroline , Humeau Antoine , Crépin Sabrina , Kawsarani Lama , Villeneuve Claire , Etienne Isabelle , Rerolle Jean-Philippe , Marquet Pierre 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
In transplantation, the association of tacrolimus exposure with efficacy is better known than with adverse effects. The ExpoTac study explored the relationships between tacrolimus exposure and adverse events (AEs) in kidney transplant patients who benefited from at least 3 measurements of tacrolimus area under the curve (AUC) within 2 years of transplantation. The relationships between tacrolimus AUC, trough concentration C0, peak concentration Cmax, and AEs were explored using univariate analysis and Cox models in 386 patients (1281 sets of exposure biomarkers). Headaches and renal impairment potentially induced by tacrolimus were associated with significantly lower mean dose-standardized exposure biomarkers and a higher proportion of Cmax values above the median. Patients with tremor displayed significantly higher mean AUC0–24 (343 ± 79 versus 308 ± 63 hours·mcg/L, P = 0.041). Cox analysis revealed a significant association between (1) the time to the first headache report and mean Cmax, mean AUC0–24, and the proportion of Cmax values above the median (hazard ratios [95% confidence interval] = 0.237 [0.007–0.538]; 7.499 [1.508–29.713]; 5.055 [1.577–17.137]) and (2) the time to first renal impairment report and the proportion of C0 values above the median (0.401 [0.098–0.681]). Refining AUC, Cmax, and C0 upper limits would help to refine tacrolimus therapeutic ranges and limit the risks of AEs after kidney transplantation.
Handgrip strength and diabetes in postmenopausal women: insights from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2019
Authors: Chung Yun Soo , Baek Jin Kyung , Tran Thi Minh Chau , Kim Hae-Rim , In Jung Hye , Lee Jae Kyung , Choi Eun A. , Kim Hee Yon , Yun Bo Hyon , Seo Seok Kyo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in postmenopausal women in Korea relative to the menopausal duration.

Methods
Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed. A total of 4,098 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 65 years were included in the study. Handgrip strength was measured using a digital hand dynamometer. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on HGS with Q1 representing the weakest strength and Q4 the greatest strength. The association between DM and HGS was assessed using logistic regression analysis while adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results
Postmenopausal women aged 45 to 65 years with stronger HGS were less likely to have DM (P < 0.001). This association persisted even after adjusting for age, body mass index, and comorbidities (P < 0.001). The inverse relationship between HGS and DM prevalence was more pronounced in women who had been postmenopausal for >10 years than in those who had been postmenopausal for a shorter duration (P-interaction <0.001). In addition, compared to their nondiabetic counterparts, women with DM were less likely to be categorized into the Q4 group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The findings suggest that weaker HGS was associated with likelihood of having DM among postmenopausal women in Korea. Owing to the inherent limitation to the cross-sectional study design, further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the association between DM and HGS in postmenopausal women.
Abnormal blood pressure response to exercise and ventricular arrhythmias: a suspicious association in athletes
Authors: Di Gioia Giuseppe , Ferrera Armando , Maestrini Viviana , Monosilio Sara , Squeo Maria Rosaria , Lemme Erika , Serdoz Andrea , Mango Federica , Pelliccia Antonio 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Abnormal blood pressure response to exercise (ABPR) in athletes is considered a risk for incident hypertension, conferring a higher cardiovascular risk profile. We sought to describe the clinical cardiovascular features of athletes with ABPR and, moreover, the relationship of ABPR with occurrence of exercise-induced ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs).

Methods and results:
We enrolled 1460 elite athletes (56.1% male; mean age 25.8 ± 5.1 years old), engaged in skills, power, mixed and endurance sport, who underwent clinical examination, transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and exercise stress testing. ABPR was defined as >220/85 mmHg in males and >200/80 mmHg in females. ABPR was found in 8% (n = 117) of athletes, being older (P = 0.049) and presenting higher cardiovascular risk profile (obesity, P = 0.007; glucose intolerance, P = 0.043 and familiarity for cardiovascular disease, P = 0.026). Athletes with ABPR had higher prevalence of exercise-induced VEBs (19.6% vs. 11.9% in normotensive athletes, P = 0.015). Uncommon VEBs morphology was more frequent in athletes with ABPR (64.7% vs. 19% in the normotensive, P = 0.0002). Finally, in those with ABPR and VEBs, TTE revealed greater left ventricular end-diastolic diameter indexed (P = 0–006), LVEDVi (P = 0.017) and LVMi (P = 0.04) compared to those without VEBs.

Conclusion:
A not small group of elite athletes (8%) presented an exaggerated blood pressure response to exercise and exhibited higher cardiovascular risk profile compared to their normotensive counterparts. Moreover, athletes with ABPR showed higher prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias on effort and the combination of ABPR and ventricular arrhythmias was associated with more pronounced cardiac remodelling.