bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Anticancer Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Molybdenum(IV) Complexes: Tested in Vitro and in Vivo—A Comparison of O,O‐, S,O‐, and N,N‐Chelate Effects
Authors: Berasaluce Iker , Cseh Klaudia , Roller Alexander , Hejl Michaela , Heffeter Petra , Berger Walter , Jakupec Michael A. , Kandioller Wolfgang , Malarek Michael S. , Keppler Bernhard K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization and biological activity of molybdenum(IV) complexes containing Trofimenko's scorpionato ligand, hydrotris(3‐isopropylpyrazolyl)borate (TpiPr), in addition to varying biologically active as well as other conventional ligands is described. Ligands employed include (O,O‐) (S,O‐) (N,N‐) donors that have been successfully coordinated to the molybdenum center by means of oxygen‐atom transfer (OAT) reactions from the known MoVI starting material, TpiPrMoO2Cl. The synthesized complexes were characterized by standard analytical methods and where possible by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The aqueous stability of the compounds was studied by means of UV/Vis spectroscopy and the impact of the attached ligand scaffolds on the oxidation potentials (MoIV to MoV) was studied by cyclic voltammetry. Utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a solubilizing agent, adequate aqueous solubility for biological tests was obtained. Anticancer activity tests and preliminary mode of action studies have been performed in vitro and in vivo.
Synthesis of Diverse Functionalized Quinoxalines by Oxidative Tandem Dual C−H Amination of Tetrahydroquinoxalines with Amines
Authors: Zhao He , Li Xiu , Guan Rongqing , Jiang Huanfeng , Zhang Min 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe tandem dual C−H amination of tetrahydroquinoxalines with free amines under aerobic copper catalysis conditions has been demonstrated. The synthetic protocol proceeds with good substrate and functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, the use of the naturally abundant [Cu]/O2 catalyst system, excellent chemoselectivity and synthetic efficiency, and with no need for the pre‐installation of specific aminating agents, which offers a practical platform for the rapid and diverse synthesis of diaminoquinoxalines. Moreover, this work has shown the potential of single‐electron‐oxidation‐induced C−H functionalization of N‐heterocycles, and its application in the development of optoelectronic materials.
Adduct of NacNacAl with Benzophenone and Its Coupling Chemistry
Authors: Dmitrienko Anton , Britten James F. , Spasyuk Denis , Nikonov Georgii I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReaction of NacNacAl (NacNac=[DippNC(Me)CHC(Me)NDipp]−) with one equivalent of benzophenone affords a ketylate species NacNacAl(η2(C,O)‐OCPh2) that undergoes easy cyclization reactions with unsaturated substrates. The scope of substrates included benzophenone, aldimine (PhNC(Ph)H), quinoline, phenyl nitrile, trimethylsilyl azide, and a saturated cyclic thiourea. The latter substrate reacted by an unusual C−N cleavage that left the C=S functionality intact. The new products were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Gao Yanan , Wang Chang , Hu Hui , Ge Rile , Lu Meihuan , Zhang Jianqiang , Li Zhongping , Shao Pengpeng , Jiang Donglin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks were synthesized in high yields by polycondensation in nonvolatile ionic liquids. The resulting crystallites are highly porous and exhibit exceptional capability of removing bisphenol A from water. The one reported is a general method to synthesize microporous and mesoporous frameworks, it allows to achieve regular macroscopic shapes, and it is effective in a wide range of reaction temperatures.
Alkali Transition‐Metal Molybdates: A Stepwise Approach to Geometrically Frustrated Systems
Authors: Smith Pellizzeri Tiffany M. , McMillen Colin D. , Kolis Joseph W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMaterials with triangular arrangements of transition metal ions are of great interest for their complex magnetism resulting from geometric frustration. This paper describes the stepwise formation of kagome lattices of open shell transition‐metal ions from half‐delta chains to delta/sawtooth chains, and finally kagome nets. The systems can be viewed as a testbed for magnetic studies since a variety of spin states can be introduced across the same structure type, and progress through increasing levels of structural complexity and dimensionality. The synthetic and structural development of this continuum is studied here in well‐formed single crystals of A2M3(MoO4)3(OH)2 (A=K, Rb; M=Mn, Co), CsM2(MoO4)2(OH) (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Zn), and KM3(MoO4)2O(OH) (M=Mn).
Filterkuchenwäsche makroporöser Kieselgelpartikel
Authors: Seupel Sabine , Peuker Urs Alexander 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBei der Filterkuchenwäsche poröser Partikel muss die Mutterlauge nicht nur zwischen den Einzelpartikeln im Kuchen, sondern auch aus den Innenporen der Partikel entfernt werden. In Experimenten wurden Filterkuchen aus makroporösem Kieselgel mit 100 nm Porenweite gebildet und mittels Durchströmungswäsche gereinigt. Im Filterkuchen werden Restbeladungen von 1 % erreicht, obwohl sich 50 % der Mutterlauge in den Innenporen befinden. Berechnungen für die Diffusion aus einer Einzelpore ermöglichen eine Abschätzung der Diffusionszeiten und damit die Auswahl des passenden Trenn‐ und Waschapparats.
Optimizing PCR for Mouse Genotyping: Recommendations for Reliable, Rapid, Cost Effective, Robust and Adaptable to High‐Throughput Genotyping Protocol for Any Type of Mutation
Authors: Jacquot Sylvie , Chartoire Nathalie , Piguet Françoise , Hérault Yann , Pavlovic Guillaume 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGenotyping consists of searching for a DNA sequence variation localized at a well‐defined locus in the genome. It is an essential step in animal research because it allows the identification of animals that will be bred to generate and maintain a colony, euthanized to control the available space in the animal facility, or used in experiment protocols. Here we describe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping protocols for fast, sensitive, easy, and cost‐effective characterization of mouse genotype. We discuss optimization of parameters to improve the reliability of each assay and propose recommendations for enhancing reproducibility and reducing the occurrence of inconclusive genotyping. All steps required for efficient genotyping are presented: tissue collection; sample verification and direct DNA lysis; establishment of a robust genotyping strategy with reliable, rapid, and cost‐effective assays; and finally, transition to high‐throughput automatized PCR, including mix miniaturization and automation. © 2019 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Tissue sampling methods and procedureBasic Protocol 2: Sample verification and DNA lysisBasic Protocol 3: Design of a genotyping strategyBasic Protocol 4: Moving to high‐throughput genotyping
Prediction of maxillary canine impaction based on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Margot Raes , Maria Cadenas De Llano‐Pérula , Ali Alqerban , Annouschka Laenen , Anna Verdonck , Guy Willems 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this article is to establish a large sample‐based prediction model for maxillary canine impaction based on linear and angular measurements on panoramic radiographs and to validate this model.Materials and methodsAll patients with at least two panoramic radiographs taken between the ages of 7 and 14 years with an interval of minimum 1 year and maximum 3 years (T1 and T2) were selected from the Department of Oral Health Sciences, University Hospital Leuven database. Linear and angular measurements were performed at T1. From 2361 records, 572 patients with unilateral or bilateral canine impaction were selected at T1. Of those, 306 patients were still untreated at T2 and were used as study sample. To construct the prediction model, logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsThe parameters analyzed through backward selection procedure were canine to midline angle, canine to first premolar angle, canine cusp to midline distance, canine cusp to maxillary plane distance, sector, quadratic trends for continuous predictors, and all pairwise interactions. The final model was applied to calculate the likelihood of impaction and yielded an area under the curve equal to 0.783 (95% CI [0.742–0.823]). The cut‐off point was fixed on 0.342 with a sensitivity of 0.800 and a specificity of 0.598. The cross‐validated area under the curve was equal to 0.750 (95% CI [0.700, 0.799]).ConclusionThe prediction model based on the above mentioned parameters measured on panoramic radiographs is a valuable tool to decide between early intervention and regular follow‐up of impacted canines.
Relationship between hypothyroidism and periodontitis: A scoping review
Authors: Aldulaijan Hajer A. , Cohen Robert E. , Stellrecht Elizabeth M. , Levine Michael J. , Yerke Lisa M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to assess the existing literature to determine if a relationship exists between hypothyroidism and periodontitis.MethodsWe used a modified approach to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses by searching five databases in addition to the gray literature. Keywords in the title and abstract fields, as well as subject headings for both periodontal disease and hypothyroidism, were used to search the existing literature for publications relevant to evaluation of the thyroid–periodontitis relationship.ResultsThe authors screened 847 unique publications which, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, yielded 29 publications, which were further analyzed for relevance and applicability. Most of the included papers were cross‐sectional studies and retrospective chart reviews. Following critical analysis, four publications, including one abstract, were used to further assess the hypothyroid–periodontitis relationship.ConclusionsThere are very few high‐quality studies describing the potential association between hypothyroidism and periodontitis. In general, and among the included papers with the fewest confounding factors, a positive relationship between hypothyroidism and periodontitis was found. Further well‐controlled, prospective clinical and immunologic studies will be required to confirm that relationship.
Capsule‐Structured Copper–Zinc Catalyst for Highly Efficient Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol
Authors: Guo Yongle , Guo Xinwen , Song Chunshan , Han Xinghua , Liu Hongyang , Zhao Zhongkui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo develop a new and efficient CO2‐to‐methanol catalyst is of extreme significance but still remains a challenge. Herein, an innovative indirect two‐step strategy is reported to synthesize a highly efficient capsule‐structured copper‐based CO2‐to‐methanol catalyst (CZA‐r@CZM). It consists of a structurally reconstructed millimeter‐sized Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 core (CZA‐r) with intensified Cu–ZnO interactions, which is made by a facile hydrothermal treatment in an alkaline aqueous solution, and a Cu/ZnO/MgO (CZM) shell prepared by an ethylene glycol‐assisted physical coating method. The CZA‐r core displays 2.7 times higher CO2 hydrogenation activity with 2.0 times higher CO selectivity than the previously reported Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA‐p), whereas the CZM shell can efficiently catalyze hydrogenation of the as‐formed CO from the CZA‐r core to methanol as it passes through the shell. As a result, the developed capsule‐structured CZA‐r@CZM catalyst exhibits 2.4 times higher CO2 conversion with 1.8 times higher turnover frequency and 2.3‐fold higher methanol space–time yield than the CZA‐p catalyst (729.8 vs. 312.6 gMeOH kgcat−1 h−1). In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) experiments reveal that the CO2 hydrogenation reaction proceeds through a reverse water–gas shift reaction followed by a CO hydrogenation pathway via an *H3CO intermediate. This work not only produces an efficient CO2‐to‐methanol catalyst, but also opens a new avenue for designing superior catalysts for other consecutive transformations.
Floral display and habitat fragmentation: Effects on the reproductive success of the threatened mass‐flowering Conospermum undulatum (Proteaceae)
Authors: Delnevo Nicola , van Etten Eddie J. , Byrne Margaret , Stock William D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Fragmentation of natural vegetation is currently one of the largest threats to plant populations and their interactions with pollinators. Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation has been investigated in many species; however, the response of wild mass‐flowering species is poorly known, with research limited to mainly boreal plant species.

Here, we studied twelve remnant populations of the threatened mass‐flowering shrub Conospermum undulatum in the southwest Australian biodiversity hotspot, each presenting different population size, level of isolation, and floral display. We assessed the impact of fragmentation on (a) fruit and seed production; and (b) seed germination. To gain a deeper understanding of factors influencing the reproductive success of C. undulatum, we performed pollinator exclusion and self‐pollination treatments to experimentally assess the mating system of this threatened shrub.

We found C. undulatum to be strictly self‐incompatible and totally reliant on pollinators visiting with an outcrossed pollen load to complete the reproductive cycle. Further, we found that fruit production dropped from 35% to <20% as a result of decreasing floral display. A reduction in population size from 880 to 5 plants and from ~700 to 0.21 in the floral display index led to a decrease in seed output, while a similar reduction in seed output, from 6% to 3%, was observed as a result of increasing isolation index from −21.41 to −0.04. Overall, seed germination was positively related to population size, and a negative relationship was found between germination and isolation.

Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the important relationship between pollinators and floral morphology in plants of southwest Australia that have coevolved with native pollinators and developed characteristic flower morphologies over long time frames. Indeed, due to its characteristic pollination mechanism, the self‐incompatible C. undulatum can only rely on specialized native pollinators for pollen flow and cannot rely on its mass‐flowering trait to attract generalist pollinators from coflowering species; neither can it compensate for the lack of visitors by promoting geitonogamy. Consequently, fragmentation has a significant effect on the reproductive output of C. undulatum, and size, isolation, and floral display of populations are important factors to be considered when planning conservation actions for the species.
Spatial density estimates of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the French Jura and Vosges Mountains
Authors: Gimenez Olivier , Gatti Sylvain , Duchamp Christophe , Germain Estelle , Laurent Alain , Zimmermann Fridolin , Marboutin Eric 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObtaining estimates of animal population density is a key step in providing sound conservation and management strategies for wildlife. For many large carnivores however, estimating density is difficult because these species are elusive and wide‐ranging. Here, we focus on providing the first density estimates of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the French Jura and Vosges mountains. We sampled a total of 413 camera trapping sites (with two cameras per site) between January 2011 and April 2016 in seven study areas across seven counties of the French Jura and Vosges mountains. We obtained 592 lynx detections over 19,035 trap days in the Jura mountains and 0 detection over 6,804 trap days in the Vosges mountains. Based on coat patterns, we identified a total number of 92 unique individuals from photographs, including 16 females, 13 males, and 63 individuals of unknown sex. Using spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models, we estimated abundance in the study areas between 5 (SE = 0.1) and 29 (0.2) lynx and density between 0.24 (SE = 0.02) and 0.91 (SE = 0.03) lynx per 100 km2. We also provide a comparison with nonspatial density estimates and discuss the observed discrepancies. Our study is yet another example of the advantage of combining SCR methods and noninvasive sampling techniques to estimate density for elusive and wide‐ranging species, like large carnivores. While the estimated densities in the French Jura mountains are comparable to other lynx populations in Europe, the fact that we detected no lynx in the Vosges mountains is alarming. Connectivity should be encouraged between the French Jura mountains, the Vosges mountains, and the Palatinate Forest in Germany where a reintroduction program is currently ongoing. Our density estimates will help in setting a baseline conservation status for the lynx population in France.
Microbial quality and antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates in “Tuo‐Zaafi” vended in the central business district of tamale
Authors: Abas Rufina , Cobbina Samuel J. , Abakari Godwin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionFood safety concerns remain a challenge across nations and among citizens. Microbial contamination of foods and antibiotic resistance constitutes a global threat to food security. The present study assessed microbial quality of "Tuo‐Zaafi" sold in the Tamale metropolis as well as antibiotic resistance of isolates from these products.ResultsSamples were collected aseptically and transported to the Spanish laboratory complex of the University for Development Studies, Ghana, for microbial analysis. E. coli which recorded the highest occurrence was detected in 50% of the T.Z samples with bacterial loads ranging from < 100 to 2.3 × 106 cfu/g (4.49 × 105 ± 5.72 × 104 cfu/g). Salmonella spp and Staphylococcus aureus recorded the least occurrence representing 33.3%. There were significant differences in the levels of E. coli, Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus aureus (p < .001) across the four zones demarcated. Results of the antibiotic test revealed higher resistance to the antibiotics employed in the present study (81%). Susceptibility of microbes to ciprofloxacin (100%) was the highest, and higher resistance to gentamycin (100%) was observed in this study.ConclusionThe study revealed that T.Z sold in the business district of Tamale could constitute a likely health risk to consumers especially when it is consumed in a cold state. It is hereby recommended that the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) should enforce food hygiene laws and ensure strict adherence.
Professional Competencies – the soft skills to give Systems Engineers a hard edge
Authors: Beasley Richard , Gelosh Don S. , Pickard Andrew C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe publication of the new INCOSE Systems Engineering Competency Framework is notable for many reasons, not least the inclusion of Professional Competencies which is the focus of this paper.This paper reviews the general importance of the professional competencies (also known as “soft skills”), and the specific relevance of the individual competencies that have been included in the INCOSE framework. This provides a review and discussion of the importance of the Professional Competencies to enable those that do Systems Engineering to be successful. Systems Engineering is both done by people and integrates people: to do that the soft skills or Professional Competencies are essential.
Systems Engineering and Complex Systems Governance – Lessons for Better Integration
Authors: Hodge Richard J. , Craig Stephen , Bradley Joseph M. , Keating Charles B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe relationship between systems engineering and complex systems governance is not clear, especially given the field of ideas and methodologies supporting complex systems governance are in their early years of evolution. This paper looks to practice, drawing lessons from a case example about the role and application of systems engineering in a major reform program, especially in relation to complex systems governance, seeking to inform the evolution of both theory and practice in how these two fields of ideas work better together. The case study comes from the Australian defence maritime community. This community is transforming its approach to regulating and assuring the management of the seaworthiness of its maritime systems across multiple owners and operators and across their capability life cycles. The paper outlines the situation that created the case for change in the regulatory and management approach; and, examines the complication that caused the then Chief of Navy to change the approach half way through the six‐year transformation period. In making this change, ‘traditional’ systems engineering became less visible, and complex systems governance took precedence while still employing systems engineering principles in the design, build and implementation of the transformation program. The paper then considers three questions: what was the nature of the change, why did the change matter and what lessons do we draw for the relationship between complex systems governance and systems engineering? The authors' answers highlight the traps of not connecting the two fields of ideas. They illustrate the value of the viable systems model (VSM) as an architecture for good governance over the design, build, and implementation of change as well as its ongoing operation and evolution. They go so far as to suggest the lessons will add to the discussion of how the International Council of Systems Engineering (INCOSE) can implement the connections it has made between its vision and the United Nations' Sustainability Development Goals (SDG).
Challenges and opportunities in the integration of the Systems Engineering process and the AI/ML model lifecycle
Authors: Alvarez‐Rodríguez Jose María , Zuñiga Roy Mendieta , Pelayo Valentín Moreno , Llorens Juan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Digital Age, the “Society 5.0” or the “4th Industrial Revolution” has created a challenging and evolving environment in which more up‐to‐date, secure, safer, cost‐efficient and personalized products and services must be timely delivered. Furthermore, the growing interest in equipping systems with intelligence implies that the engineering process must be adapted to consider the specific characteristics of Artificial Intelligent (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) systems. From the AI/ML point of view, the possibility of following an engineering process must also imply an improvement to overcome their “hidden” technical debt. To pave the way to the development of the next generation of smart systems, a retrospective in the current engineering practice and, in the development of AI/ML systems, is presented. Afterwards, the main challenges to harmonize both disciplines are outlined to finally describe the main opportunities and expected impacts.