bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Skeers Peta , Battistuzzo Camila R. , Clark Jillian M. , Bernard Stephen , Freeman Brian J.C. , Batchelor Peter E. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Spinal cord injury in the cervical spine is commonly accompanied by cord compression and urgent surgical decompression may improve neurological recovery. However, the extent of spinal cord compression and its relationship to neurological recovery following traumatic thoracolumbar spinal cord injury is unclear. The purpose of this study was to quantify maximum cord compression following thoracolumbar spinal cord injury and to assess the relationship among cord compression, cord swelling, and eventual clinical outcome.

Methods:
The medical records of patients who were 15 to 70 years of age, were admitted with a traumatic thoracolumbar spinal cord injury (T1 to L1), and underwent a spinal surgical procedure were examined. Patients with penetrating injuries and multitrauma were excluded. Maximal osseous canal compromise and maximal spinal cord compression were measured on preoperative mid-sagittal computed tomography (CT) scans and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by observers blinded to patient outcome. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grades from acute hospital admission (≤24 hours of injury) and rehabilitation discharge were used to measure clinical outcome. Relationships among spinal cord compression, canal compromise, and initial and final AIS grades were assessed via univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:
Fifty-three patients with thoracolumbar spinal cord injury were included in this study. The overall mean maximal spinal cord compression (and standard deviation) was 40% ± 21%. There was a significant relationship between median spinal cord compression and final AIS grade, with grade-A patients (complete injury) exhibiting greater compression than grade-C and D patients (incomplete injury) (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified mean spinal cord compression as independently influencing the likelihood of complete spinal cord injury (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Traumatic thoracolumbar spinal cord injury is commonly accompanied by substantial cord compression. Greater cord compression is associated with an increased likelihood of severe neurological deficits (complete injury) following thoracolumbar spinal cord injury.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Free-Hand Technique for S2-Alar-Iliac Screw Placement
Authors: Shillingford Jamal N. , Laratta Joseph L. , Tan Lee A. , Sarpong Nana O. , Lin James D. , Fischer Charla R. , Lehman Ronald A. , Kim Yongjung J. , Lenke Lawrence G. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Spinopelvic fixation is an integral part of achieving solid fusion across the lumbosacral junction, especially in deformity procedures requiring substantial correction or long-segment constructs. Traditional S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) screw-placement techniques utilize fluoroscopy, increasing operative time and radiation exposure to the patient and surgeon. We describe a novel free-hand technique for S2AI screw placement in patients with adult spinal deformity.

Methods:
We reviewed the records of 45 consecutive patients who underwent spinopelvic fixation performed with use of S2AI screws by the senior surgeon and various fellows or residents over a 12-month period (2015 to 2016). In each case, the S2AI screws were placed utilizing a free-hand technique without fluoroscopic or image guidance. Screw position and accuracy were assessed by intraoperative O-arm imaging and analyzed using 3-dimensional interactive manipulation of computed tomography images.

Results:
A total of 100 screws were placed, 51 by the senior surgeon and 49 by trainees. The mean patient age was 57.4 ± 12.7 years at the time of surgery; 37 (82.2%) of the patients were female. Preoperative diagnoses included adult idiopathic scoliosis (n = 19), adult degenerative scoliosis (n = 15), flatback syndrome (n = 2), fixed sagittal imbalance (n = 6), and distal junctional kyphosis (n = 3). Five (5%) of the screws were placed with moderate to severe cortical breaches, all of which perforated the pelvis posteriorly, with no clinically notable neurovascular or visceral complications. The breach rate did not differ significantly between the senior surgeon and trainees.

Conclusions:
The free-hand technique for S2AI screw placement, when performed in a standardized manner, was demonstrated to be safe and reliable in constructs requiring spinopelvic fixation. The accuracy of screw placement relies on visible and palpable anatomic landmarks that obviate the need for intraoperative fluoroscopy or image guidance, potentially reducing operative time and radiation exposure.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Lecture-écriture du discours scientifique pedagogique en français langue étrangère : savoirs et savoir-faire mis en jeu
Authors: Benaboura Wahiba 
Published: February 2018

Le domaine de l’analyse du discours a intéressé les didacticiens depuis les années 1970 (Coste, 1975). Il était censé déjà permettre de concevoir des stratégies d’enseignement de lecture en français langue étrangère (PEYTARD ; MOIRAND, 1992). Il n’en demeure pas moins que des questionnements sont encore soulevés de nos jours dans ce domaine et notamment en ce qui a trait à la mise en mots dans les documents scientifiques. Tout en s’inscrivant dans ce domaine de recherche, nous nous intéressons aux obstacles rencontrés en compréhension et en production des discours spécialisés en contexte universitaire (MOURLHON-DALLIES, 2011). Pour cela, nous recourons aux notions d’anaphores lexicales et grammaticales (MORTUREUX ; PETIOT, 1990 et MORTUREUX, 1993) et nous vérifions si les étudiants du département de biologie de l’université de Chlef en Algérie réussissent à intégrer dans leurs productions écrites les structures des genres discursifs les plus récurrents tels que le compte rendu, le rapport de stage et le résumé.Nous nous appuierons sur l’analyse d’un corpus constitué de tests de lecture-écriture afin de vérifier nos hypothèses quant au choix des vocables et à l’enchaînement des idées dans les activités résumantes. Cette analyse a permis de visualiser l’impact de l’incompréhension globale du texte source sur la construction du résumé, de catégoriser les écarts au niveau des agencements des mots et de mise en texte et de comparer les ordonnancements des informations au niveau des résumés.
Rehabilitation of Industrial Barren in Arctic Region Using Mining Wastes
Authors: Slukovskaya Marina V. , Ivanova Lyubov A. , Kremenetskaya Irina P. , Gorbacheva Tamara T. , Drogobuzhskaya Svetlana V. , Lashchuk Vladimir V. , Markovskaya Evgenia F. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
This work has explored the possibility of applying mining waste-based ameliorants for the remediation of soil that has been transformed by copper-nickel smelter emissions by means of forming artificial phytocenosis.

Objective:
The aim of our work was to propose, develop and approbate a technique for the preservation of dumps polluted by heavy metals and prevention of their erosion by creating dense grass covers with the use of wastes from mining and processing enterprises to form a supporting substrate for herbaceous plants.

Methods:
The vegetative cover was cultivated on a supporting medium, consisting of mining waste, with a hydroponic vermiculite substrate and a mix of graminaceous plant seeds, indigenous to the study area and resistant to heavy metal pollution. The mining wastes, used in the experiment, contained acid-neutralizing minerals such as calcium and magnesium carbonate and hydrous magnesium silicate.

Results:
It is shown that, due to a large pool of Ca and Mg, these mineral substrates are alkaline (pH 8.4 – 9.2) and can perform successfully in optimizing of edaphic conditions for the plant communities grown on industrial barrens. In a pilot experiment without a proposed supporting medium, the plants did not form a stable grass cover and had died out by the beginning of the third growing season, whereas the experimental plots with a proposed supporting medium (waste-based substrate) developed a high-quality grass cover by the end of second vegetation seasons.

Conclusion:
The resulting plant communities grown on a proposed supportive medium is find to be resistant to aerotechnogenic pollutants and capable of independent survival, representing the initial stage of progressive succession in the presence of on-going pollution.
The anthropology of financial intent
Authors: Gilbert Paul Robert 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMuch has been learned about calculation, commodification and marketization from the social studies of markets and finance. But what of capitalization? What is distinctive about this mode of valuation and the reality it impels? What does it mean to live under the ‘asset condition’? In Capitalization: A Cultural Guide, Fabian Muniesa and his colleagues at the Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation take us on a tour across multiple continents and several centuries, introducing us to capitalization as a ‘cultural syndrome’. Their pragmatist enquiry involves tracing capitalization via the scenarios in which value is created, and the gaze that stimulates such value-creation. The result is a field guide to the terrain of capitalization that integrates anthropological work on the dramaturgy of finance with sociological attention to the technicalities of valuation. The stage is set for further investigation into the uneven distribution of the capacity to capitalize and its consequences.
Assessment of existing layperson knowledge on the role and use of an AEDs in amateur sports clubs: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ryan Paul , Falvey Eanna 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) causes up to 5000 deaths each year in Ireland. 70% of cardiac arrests in Ireland occur out of hospital. Global incidence of out-of-hospital SCA ranges from 20-140/100000 people, and survival ranges from 2%-11%. The large increase in Automated External Defibrillator (AED) distribution and availability has led to an increasing interest into layperson recognition of and response to SCA.Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to systematically review previously conducted studies relating to knowledge, understanding and attitudes among laypersons in relation to the use of an AED in the event of a SCA. This review aims to assess and critically appraise the existing literature relating to this topic on a global level in order to identify future research directions with an aim to improving layperson recognition of and response to SCA.Methods: Studies were identified through an electronic database search in combination with expert recommendation. A three-step selection process was applied to determine applicability to this review.Results: Ten studies were reviewed and critiqued. Three themes emerged:Knowledge and understanding of the concept of an AED.Willingness to use an AED in the event of a SCA.Reasons for unwillingness to use an AED in the event of a SCA.Results were compiled and discussed.Conclusion: There is a paucity of literature relating to layperson understanding of AED function and use. The evidence suggests only a minority of laypersons would be confident or willing to use an AED in the event of a nearby SCA. The extent to which an educational intervention could impact upon layperson understanding and confidence in use of an AED is poorly understood at present.Keywords: AED; layperson; public; understanding; attitudes; knowledge; awareness.
Overview and audit against Motor Neurone Disease (MND) Association guidelines of a MND consultant’s practice over the last 3 years at the [Hospital]
Authors: Worku Dominic Adam , Krishna Unnat , Morrison Karen E 
Published: February 2018

Background: Motor neurone disease (MND) is an incurable neurodegenerative condition. Recent guidelines from the MND Association UK (MNDA) emphasise prompt diagnosis and monitoring of quality of life (QOL). However, primary literature indicates that diagnosis is often delayed through several factors, including unawareness of how MND presents and delays through multiple secondary referrals. The [hospital] operates an internationally-recognised MND clinic whose service has not been audited against the MNDA UK guidelines for the last 3 years.Aim: To assess how well the MND consultant’s service ensures prompt diagnosis and the provision of end-of-life care or appropriate respiratory or nutritional support.Methods: Using the [hospital’s] database, records from 77 patients consulted consecutively in the MND clinic were obtained. Service parameters were compared against reference standards for diagnostic delay and treatment provision.Results: 84.4% of referrals came from neurologists outside of the MND service, with only 13% from general practitioners. On average, it took 14.7 months for patients to be seen in the MND clinic following symptom onset. Riluzole and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) were prescribed faster in bulbar-onset versus limb-onset patients, by 4 times and 9 times respectively. End-of-life care discussion was recorded for 26% of patients.Conclusion: Diagnosing MND remains challenging for primary care physicians, which may be alleviated by disseminating recent Red Flag Committee guidelines. Investigation and treatment provision differed between MND subtypes, given the poorer prognosis associated with bulbar-onset. End-of-life care documentation remains low, which is an issue for the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) to resolve through incorporating palliative services.
Pronunciation Acquisition of the Inflectional Morpheme –ed in English by Nicaraguan Spanish Speakers
Authors: Dávila Angel M. 
Published: February 2018

This descriptive non-experimental quantitative study investigated if the pronunciation of the –ed morphemeim proves as the English proficiency level develops. A random sampling design was used to recruit research participants. A target sample of 48 Nicaraguan English as a foreign language students were chosen from an accessible population (N= 91) to participate in this research. The participants’ age ranged from 18 to 24, with a mean age of 21 years. They belonged to three English proficiency levels: high beginners, intermediate, and high intermediate. Findings showed that more advanced English as a Foreign Language learners had a significantly higher pronunciation accuracy on the production of the allomorphs, /t/ and /d/. Their error rate on these two allomorphs was as low as 9% and 8%, respectively. Concerning the /əd, ɪd/ allomorph, no significant differences were found among proficiency levels. These results were interpreted in view of the Markedness Differential Hypothesis (Eckman, 1977) and the Similarity Differential Rate Hypothesis (Major & Kim, 1996). The trends in the data definitely suggested support for the Similarity Differential Rate Hypothesis which postulates that markedness by itself cannot explain the development of L2 learners as they improve their L2 proficiency level. This study offers implications for the teaching of the three phonological realizations of the -ed past tense inflection.
PEMILIHAN ALTERNATIF JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI UTAMA (JDU) UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN SPAM REGIONAL DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG, KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA, KABUPATEN CIREBON DAN KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Afiatun Evi , Wahyuni Sri , Nugraha Ilvan Prasetia 
Published: February 2018

Air merupakan kebutuhan pokok bagi kehidupan dan perlu adanya strategi dalam pemenuhannya. Perencanaan ini menggunakan strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan air dengan skema Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) Regional. Sumber air yang digunakan adalah Waduk Jatigede dengan alokasi untuk air minum sebesar 3.500 liter/detik dan berlokasi di Kecamatan Jatigede, Kabupaten Sumedang. Ruang lingkup wilayah dalam kajian ini meliputi 11 (sebelas) Kecamatan dalam 4 (Empat) Kabupaten/ Kota yaitu Kabupaten Sumedang, Kabupaten Majalengka, Kabupaten Cirebon dan Kota Cirebon yang dalam Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) memiliki arahan sebagai kawasan perkotaan. Kebutuhan air minum rata-rata di wilayah kajian adalah 1.333,33 liter/detik, kebutuhan air hari maksimum (Qmaks day) adalah 1.466,66 liter/detik, dan kebutuhan jam puncak (Q peak hour) adalah 2.000 liter/detik. Perencanaan sistem Jaringan Distribusi Utama (JDU) disimulasikan dengan menggunakan aplikasi EPANET 2.0. Perencanaan Reservoir dan offtake memperhitungkan cakupan pelayanan yang akan dilayani. Perencanaan jaringan distribusi menggunakan 2 (dua) alternatif. Alternatif pertama menggunakan dua jenis pipa berbeda serta tidak menggunakan Bak Pelepas Tekan (BPT). Sedangkan, alternatif kedua menggunakan satu jenis pipa dan menggunakan Bak Pelepas Tekan (BPT). Berdasarkan analisis perbandingan kedua alternatif tersebut, terpilih alternatif kedua dengan mempertimbangkan segi ekonomis dan hidrolis lebih efektif.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM ELECTROSPINNING UNTUK MENSINTESIS NANOFIBER POLIVINIL ALKOHOL DAN KARAKTERISASINYA
Authors: Santosa Aa , Widianto Eri , Restianto Ferry 
Published: February 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang rancang bangun sistem electrospinning untuk mensintesis nanofiber polivinil alkohol (PVA) dan karakterisasinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat electrospinning dengan memodifikasi syringe pump yang dapat bergerak kanan-kiri. Mesin electrospinning dibuat dari komponen-komponen yang mudah diperoleh. Pengujian electrospinning dilakukan dengan mensintesis nanofiber dari polimer PVA. Karakterisasi nanofiber PVA menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), hasil karakterisasi menggunakan SEM menunjukan ukuran diameter rata-rata nanofiber sebesar (151,26 ± 27,47078) nm dan (152,89 ± 17,0341) nm masing-masing untuk jarak needle ke collector 15 cm dan 12 cm. Hasil menunjukan bahwa mesin electrospinning yang dibuat dapat menghasilkan serat (fiber) dengan ukuran nanometer.
GPS Technology and Human Psychological Research: A Methodological Proposal
Authors: Wolf Pedro S. A. , Jacobs W. Jake 
Published: February 2018

Animal behaviorists have made extensive use of GPS technology since 1991. In contrast, psychological research has made little use of the technology, even though the technology is relatively inexpensive, familiar, and widespread. Hence, its potential for pure and applied psychological research remains untapped. We describe three methods psychologists could apply to individual differences research, clinical research, or spatial use research. In the context of individual differences research, GPS technology permits us to test hypotheses predicting specific relations among patterns of spatial use and individual differences variables. In a clinical context, GPS technology provides outcome measures that may relate to the outcome of interventions designed to treat psychological disorders that, for example, may leave a person homebound (e.g. Agoraphobia, PTSD, TBI). Finally, GPS technology provides natural measures of spatial use. We, for example, used GPS technology to quantify traffic flow and exhibit use at the Arizona Sonora Desert Museum. Interested parties could easily extend this methodology some aspects of urban planning or business usage. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v1i1_wolf
A Social Relations Model for the Colonial Behavior of the Zebra Finch
Authors: Figueredo Aurelio José , Olderbak Sally Gayle , Moreno Vanya Alessandra 
Published: February 2018

A social relations model was developed for 5 years of behavioral recordings from a captive colony of Zebrafinches (Taeniopygia guttata). A quantitative ethogram was applied, using one-zero focal animal sampling on an ethologically comprehensive checklist of 52 behavioral items (Figueredo, Petrinovich, & Ross, 1992). Of the 9 ethological factors previously identified, only 4 of the 6 social factors (Social Proximity, Social Contact, Social Submission, and Social Aggression) were used. Major results were as follows: (1) Individual finches showed systematically different response dispositions that were stable over a 5-year period as both subjects and objects of behavior; (2) Interactions between finches differed systematically by the sexes of both the subjects and the objects of behavior; (3) Behavioral interactions between finches and their mates differed systematically according to the subjects' sex, but also differed systematically from those with other members of the objects' sex; (4) Behavioral interactions between finches and their relatives differed systematically between different discrete categories of relatives, but did not vary as a systematic function of either graded genetic relatedness or familiarity due to common rearing; and (5) Behavioral interactions between finches and their relatives showed an overall bias towards preferential interactions with male relatives. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v1i1_figueredo
Lost and Found, Letters and Methods: Assessing Attitudes toward Chiropractic and Medical Care
Authors: Kern Hannah , Yeaton William H. 
Published: February 2018

Attitudes toward traditional and chiropractic medicine were compared using Milgram's lost letter technique. A total of 192 letters were placed on the windshields of vehicles in parking lots at six restaurants and department stores in each of four quadrants of a medium-sized, Southeastern city. These letters were addressed to "Admissions" at either a fictitious Institute of Medicine or Institute of Chiropractic Care. Return addresses included either a male or a female name. Thus, those who found a lost letter were faced with the option of returning or not returning a letter from either a male or a female, addressed to an Institute of traditional or non-traditional medicine. After examining previous studies which had used the lost letter technique, numerous methodological improvements were implemented. For example, letters were randomly assigned to potential drop spots for each of 24 study locations (six study locations in each of four city quadrants), and a Latin square design was used to control for possible order effects in the four study conditions that were implemented. Nearly 65% of the letters (124 of 192) were returned. We found: 1) letters addressed to a fictitious Institute of Chiropractic Care were just as likely to be returned as those addressed to a fictitious Institute of Medicine; 2) letters with female return addresses were as likely to be returned as those with male return addresses; 3) there was no interaction between study conditions; 4) based on what was essentially a replication study, a comparison of the pattern of returns using the first and second cycle of lost letters (n = 96 for each cycle) revealed an equivalent pattern of no-difference findings. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v1i1_kern