bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The apoptotic and anti‐proliferative effects of Neosetophomone B in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition
Authors: Kuttikrishnan Shilpa , Ansari Abdul W. , Suleman Muhammad , Ahmad Fareed , Prabhu Kirti S. , El‐Elimat Tamam , Alali Feras Q. , Al Shabeeb Akil Ammira S. , Bhat Ajaz A. , Merhi Maysaloun , Dermime Said , Steinhoff Martin , Uddin Shahab 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Protein Kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signalling pathway is pivotal in various cancers, including T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL), a particularly aggressive type of leukaemia. This study investigates the effects of Neosetophomone B (NSP‐B), a meroterpenoid fungal metabolite, on T‐ALL cell lines, focusing on its anti‐cancer mechanisms and therapeutic potential. NSP‐B significantly inhibited the proliferation of T‐ALL cells by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and promoting caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Additionally, NSP‐B led to the dephosphorylation and subsequent inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, a critical pathway in cell survival and growth. Molecular docking studies revealed a strong binding affinity of NSP‐B to the active site of AKT, primarily involving key residues crucial for its activity. Interestingly, NSP‐B treatment also induced apoptosis and significantly reduced proliferation in phytohemagglutinin‐activated primary human CD3+ T cells, accompanied by a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Importantly, NSP‐B did not affect normal primary T cells, indicating a degree of selectivity in its action, targeting only T‐ALL cells and activated T cells. In conclusion, our findings highlight the potential of NSP‐B as a novel therapeutic agent for T‐ALL, specifically targeting the aberrantly activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and being selective in action. These results provide a strong basis for further investigation into NSP‐B's anti‐cancer properties and potential application in T‐ALL clinical therapies.
Spinal cord neural stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells promote synapse regeneration and remyelination in spinal cord injury model rats
Authors: Wang Xinmeng , Hu Xiangjue , Xie Yuxin , Zhao Tianyi , Liu Lihua , Liu Chao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. To date, there is no effective treatment to mitigate nerve tissue damage and restore neurological function. Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are considered an important cell source for reconstructing damaged neural circuits and enabling axonal regeneration. Recent preclinical studies have shown that NSCs are potential therapeutic cell sources for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in SCI animal models. NSCs can be derived from different sources and the spinal cord‐specific NSCs have a higher potential for the regeneration of SCI. However, the long‐term therapeutic efficacy of spinal cord‐specific NSCs remains unproven. Here, we generated human spinal cord NSCs (hSCNSCs) and investigated the effects of transplanted hSCNSCs on the repair of the SCI model rats for 60 days. The transplanted hSCNSCs improved BBB scores, reduced the lesion area and promoted an increase in the number of Nestin‐positive cells in the spinal cord compared to the model rats. Meanwhile, hSCNSC transplantation promoted the expression of synaptophysin, a synaptic signature protein and MBP, a protein associated with remyelination. Interestingly, BAF45D, a chromatin remodelling factor that contributes to the induction of hSCNSCs with region‐specific spinal cord identity, were increased by the hSCNSC transplantation. In addition, conditioned medium derived from the hSCNSCs also promoted regenerative repair of the injured spinal cord. These results demonstrate that hSCNSCs may play a critical role in the regenerative repair of SCI.
Global Distributions of Reactive Iron and Aluminum Influence the Spatial Variation of Soil Organic Carbon
Authors: Ren Siyu , Wang Chuankuan , Zhou Zhenghu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOrganic carbon persistence in soils is predominantly controlled by physical accessibility rather than by its biochemical recalcitrance. Understanding the regulation of soil iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) (hydr)oxides, playing a dominant role in mineral protection, on soil organic carbon (SOC) would increase the reliable projections of the feedback of terrestrial ecosystems to global warming. Here, we conducted a continental‐scale survey in China (341 sites) and a global synthesis (6786 observations) to reveal the global distributions of Fe/Al (hydr)oxides and their effects on SOC storage in terrestrial ecosystems. We generated the first global maps of soil Fe/Al (hydr)oxides with high accuracy (with R2 more than 0.74). The variance decomposition analysis showed that Fe/Al (hydr)oxides explained the most proportion of variance for topsoil (0–30 cm) and subsoil (30–100 cm) SOC. Therefore, soil Fe/Al (hydr)oxides play a stronger role in explaining the spatial variation of SOC than well‐studied climate, edaphic, vegetated, and soil depth factors in both topsoil and subsoil. Collectively, the planetary‐scale significance of soil Fe/Al (hydr)oxides for SOC highlights that soil Fe/Al (hydr)oxides should be incorporated into Earth System Models to reduce the uncertainty in predicting SOC dynamics.
One day at a time: Life with Glanzmann thrombasthenia – Qualitative results from the GT 360 study
Authors: Khair Kate , Fletcher Simon , Jenner Kathryn , Holland Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionGlanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a platelet function disorder. Symptoms include bruising and bleeding, which may be severe and life‐threatening. The day‐to‐day experiences of those affected remain poorly documented.AimsThe Glanzmann's 360 study aimed to better understand the daily realities of living with GT, exploring psychological, social and medical challenges to identify unmet need.MethodsPeople with GT over 18 and caregivers of children with GT participated. Mixed methods research was used, including a survey and in‐depth interviews. The interviews, reported here, were audio‐recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.ResultsNineteen interviews were conducted; 14 with people with GT and five caregivers. Mean age of those with GT was 32.9 years (range 2–78 years). Eight themes emerged: Diagnosis, Bleeding and Treatment, Menstruation, Fatigue, Identity, Abuse, Pregnancy, and The Future. Three participants described misdiagnosis. Caregivers reported early recognition and prompt diagnosis of their children. Bruising, the most commonly reported symptom, led to assumption of abuse. Six (32%) participants reported joint bleeds. External bleeding was normalised. Access to home treatment and local care were limited. Fatigue caused by anaemia was described. All women reported heavy menstrual bleeding. Choices around pregnancy were limited by ‘medical pessimism’. Nevertheless, participants remained hopeful for the development of improved treatment options.ConclusionPeople with GT face significant and often overlooked challenges. There is need for improved medical and psychological treatment and support, increased awareness of these needs amongst healthcare professionals, and research into developing comprehensive care models that address medical and psychosocial needs of people with GT.
Responsabilité sociale fondée sur les travailleurs: caractéristiques et interactions à la lumière de l'Accord de Dindigul
Authors: FUDGE Judy , LEBARON Genevieve 
Published: November 2024

RésuméLes autrices explorent l'essor de la responsabilité sociale fondée sur les travailleurs (RSTr) comme moyen de combattre les violations des droits de la personne et des travailleurs dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales. Elles analysent l'Accord de Dindigul, qui vise à lutter contre la violence et le harcèlement liés au genre dans les chaînes d'approvisionnement de l'habillement et qui est né de l'initiative d'un syndicat indien indépendant, majoritairement composé de Dalits et dirigé par des femmes. À partir d'entretiens et d'une recherche documentaire, elles étudient la genèse de l'accord et ses singularités par rapport à d'autres dispositifs relevant de la RSTr, ainsi que ses interactions avec d'autres outils de gouvernance.
Les entreprises familiales en Égypte: naissance, disparition, croissance et transformation
Authors: KRAFFT Caroline 
Published: November 2024

RésuméMalgré l'importance des entreprises familiales pour l'emploi dans les économies en développement, on sait peu de choses sur leur création, leur survie et leur croissance. L'autrice examine ces dynamiques à partir de données de panel égyptiennes relatives à la période 1998–2018 et cherche à les expliquer en étudiant les caractéristiques des individus, des ménages et des entreprises. Elle constate que les taux élevés de création et de disparition d'entreprises familiales influent davantage sur l'emploi que la croissance des effectifs au sein des entreprises existantes. L'entreprise familiale peut être une stratégie de survie, mais peut aussi offrir des perspectives d'enrichissement.
Dinámica de las empresas familiares en Egipto. Nacimiento, muerte, crecimiento y transformación
Authors: KRAFFT Caroline 
Published: November 2024

ResumenPese a la importancia de las empresas familiares para el empleo en las economías en desarrollo, poco se sabe acerca de su creación, supervivencia y crecimiento. Analizando datos de panel del periodo 1998–2018 en Egipto, se estudia si esa dinámica guarda relación con las características de los individuos, los hogares y las propias empresas. Se constata que el principal motor del empleo es la elevada tasa de creación y cierre de empresas familiares, antes que la dinámica de crecimiento de las empresas persistentes. Trabajar en un negocio familiar puede ser una estrategia de supervivencia para los trabajadores menos calificados y más desfavorecidos, pero también representa una oportunidad de acumulación de riqueza.
Global Invasion of Thrips parvispinus (Karny) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Across Three Continents Associated With Its One Haplotype
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Z. , Roberts John W. , Soto‐Adames Felipe N. , McKenzie Cindy L. , Osborne Lance S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThrips parvispinus (Karny) is an exotic pest that has invaded many regions around the world in the last three decades. It was first detected in Florida in 2020 on ornamental plants (Hoya and Anthurium) in greenhouses and subsequently on ornamental plants in residential landscapes (Gardenia) in 2021. However, its first report on open vegetable field crops (Capsicum) in Florida was in 2022. We conducted field surveys and genetic analysis to answer three questions: (1) Is the population of T. parvispinus that invaded Florida the same as the one that has spread globally in the last few decades? (2) Is the host expansion to Capsicum in Florida a new population or the extension of the existing population reported on ornamental plants? and (3) What are the native and invaded distribution ranges of T. parvispinus? We analysed the genetic variation in the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) to address these questions. The global genetic diversity analysis of T. parvispinus revealed 18 haplotypes (populations) worldwide based on available data, but only one population (Hap1) invaded three continents: Africa, Europe, and North America. Based on available data, the highest haplotype diversity was observed in India, suggesting India may be part of the presumed native range (South and Southeast Asian countries) of T. parvispinus. Our survey of retail plant stores across 10 Florida counties indicated that plant trade is the source of T. parvispinus in open vegetable field crops and ornamental landscape plants. The outcome of this study will assist with regulatory and management decisions of T. parvispinus in Florida and elsewhere.
Exploring the metabolic daylength measurement system: implications for photoperiodic growth
Authors: Li Man‐Wah , Gendron Joshua M. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryPhotoperiod is an environmental signal that varies predictably across the year. Therefore, the duration of sunlight available for photosynthesis and in turn the ability of plants to accumulate carbon resources also fluctuates across the year. To adapt to these variations in photoperiod, the metabolic daylength measurement (MDLM) system measures the photosynthetic period rather than the absolute photoperiod, translating it into seasonal gene expression changes linked to photoperiodic growth. In this Tansley Insight, we briefly summarize the current understanding of the MDLM system and highlight gaps in our knowledge. Given the system's critical role in seasonal growth, understanding the MDLM system is essential for enhancing plant adaptation to different photoperiods and optimizing agricultural production.
Characteristics of REE enrichments in the weathered granitic crust, Toboali, South Bangka: Possibility for ion adsorption‐type REE mineralization
Authors: Agung Yusuf Zaki , Watanabe Yasushi , Tampubolon Armin , Purnama Asep Bahtiar , Rosana Mega Fatimah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the characteristics and fractionation of rare earth elements (REEs) in the weathered products of granite from South Bangka, Indonesia. Samples were collected from two drill holes (TBKP‐30 and TBKP‐38) at depths ranging from 0.5 to 18 m. Analytical methods, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM‐EDS), were used to examine mineral compositions and REE distribution. The parent granite is an S‐type biotite granite with total REE concentrations between 1081 and 1279 ppm. The dominant REE‐bearing minerals are REE‐fluorocarbonates (synchysite, parisite) and REE‐phosphates (apatite, monazite, xenotime), accompanied by REE‐silicates (allanite, thorite, zircon). Fluorocarbonates (synchysite, parisite) occur filling grain boundaries of the parental granite, suggesting later overprinting. Monazite, xenotime, and zircon were identified as part of the crystal lattice of residual minerals in both weathered profiles. TBKP‐30, has significantly depleted in REEs with high intensity degree of weathering and the occurrence of gibbsite minerals. TBKP‐38, has cerium enrichment in the lower profile, caused by the fixation into cerianite and/or it is incorporation with Fe‐Mn hydr(oxides) along with the occurrence of kaolinite minerals. This study highlights the patterns of REE enrichment as a potential indicator of weathering intensity, providing insights crucial for the exploration of REE deposits and the development of sustainable extraction methods.
Pedogenic continental red beds: How, why and when red? Redox geochemistry and quantitative colour analysis of the Old Red Sandstone, South Wales, UK
Authors: Bábek Ondřej , Ackerman Lukáš , Šimíček Daniel , Wright V. Paul , Marriott Susan , Pluháček Tomáš , Shahrokhi Salahaddin , Weinerová Hedvika 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTContinental red beds are coloured by secondary Fe(III)‐oxy‐hydroxides (mainly hematite) which makes them excellent archives of ancient near‐surface redox conditions. However, colour is often treated as a subjective physical property, and opinions differ widely as to the environment and timing of colouration of the red beds. This study utilizes diffuse spectral reflectance to address the degree of reddening (hematitization) of the Siluro‐Devonian Old Red Sandstone representing a dryland fluvial system with abundant palaeo‐Vertisols, coinciding with the period of land colonization by vascular plants. The hematitization was studied along with the stratigraphy, facies, pedogenic features, petrology, element and Molybdenum isotope geochemistry. The mudstones and palaeosols are typically red while sandstones are often grey. The red colouration corresponds to approximately 30 to 36% of red band (625 to 700 nm) reflectance and high hematite to goethite ratios. The red sediments contain hematitized biotite, submicronic hematite in mudstone and sandstone matrix, and hematite cement in calcretes. The hematitization was synchronous with formation of pedogenic mudcracks, Vertic slickensides, calcretes, reduction spots, sometimes hydrodynamic reworking, and accompanied by local (grain‐scale) depletion in Fe(II), enrichment in Fe(III), and mobilization of U, V, As, Cu, Zn and Mo. It is estimated that the hematite growth was rapid (several hundred to thousand years) but the average sedimentation rates were low (approximately 3 to 10 cm/kyr). Erosion led to development of reactivation surfaces separating layers with contrasting hematite content and geochemistry. It is suggested that high rates of pedogenesis and low sedimentation rates favour the reddening and may represent an important control on the formation of continental red beds. Limited levels of soil waterlogging, and the published δ13C values (−9 to −12‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite) of the pedogenic carbonate, might reflect the changes in the nature of the soil biomantle during the early Devonian land colonization by vascular plants.
Topographic controls on the distribution of bioturbation in an intertidal sandflat
Authors: Melnyk Scott , Lazowski Cody N. , Dashtgard Shahin E. , Gingras Murray K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntertidal environments are highly dynamic and exhibit both regular and periodic fluctuations in environmental parameters. The interplay of these parameters controls the distribution and abundance of infaunal organisms resulting in sporadic bioturbation distributions that are well‐documented but not fully understood. This study investigates topographic controls on infaunal distributions at East Beach in White Rock, British Columbia, Canada. East Beach is a sandy intertidal flat characterized by sand dunes that give rise to two alternating shore‐parallel subenvironments: topographically high dune crests and topographically low interdunes. The dunes remain relatively fixed in their position between major storm events, resulting in geographically stable subenvironments. Photogrammetric reconstructions of dune surfaces are used to characterize surface features and quantify invertebrate burrow openings along dune profiles. This is supplemented by X‐ray radiography and examinations of porewater and organic matter content from the two subenvironments. These results show a clear inverse relationship between burrow abundance and elevation at the dune scale, with the interdunes displaying significantly higher bioturbation intensities compared to dune crests. The burrow distributions appear to be strongly influenced by water saturation, presumably due to its role in controlling oxygen availability and preventing desiccation. This research provides insights into the local factors controlling infaunal distributions and the impact of palaeo‐topography on bioturbation, particularly in intertidal settings. Additionally, these data assist in interpreting heterogeneous bioturbation distributions in the sedimentary record, which are normally not interpreted due to a paucity of analogue models developed in modern environments.
Post‐Truth GIS
Authors: Warf Barney 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT“Truth,” it turns out, is rather slippery. As geographers have become increasingly sensitized to issues of representation, they have delved into varying understandings of truth as a social construction. Most recently, the question of post‐truth has become significant. While cartographers have long discussed this issue, such as lying with maps and maps as propaganda, the GIS community has been slow to discuss it. This paper situates the emerging nexus between GIS and post‐truth within the evolving tradition of critical GIS. It calls for abandoning the correspondence theory of truth and replacing it with the pragmatist one. Next, it summarizes the contours of post‐truth as a social and epistemological phenomenon. Finally, it points to several areas in which post‐truth and GIS intersect, including the mapping of disinformation, location spoofing, big data, deepfake videos and remote sensing, and data quality. It concludes by calling for the GIS community to abandon unrealistic notions of objectivity and instead become more socially and politically self‐conscious.
Synthetic minichromosomes in plants: past, present, and promise
Authors: Birchler James A. , Kelly Jacob , Singh Jasnoor , Liu Hua , Zhang Zhengzhi , Char Si Nian , Sharma Malika , Yang Hua , Albert Patrice S. , Yang Bing 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYThe status of engineered mini‐chromosomes/artificial chromosomes/synthetic chromosomes in plants is summarized. Their promise is that they provide a means to accumulate foreign genes on an independent entity other than the normal chromosomes, which would facilitate stacking of novel traits in a way that would not be linked to endogenous genes and that would facilitate transfer between lines. Centromeres in plants are epigenetic, and therefore the isolation of DNA underlying centromeres and reintroduction into plant cells will not establish a functional kinetochore, which obviates this approach for in vitro assembly of plant artificial chromosomes. This issue was bypassed by using telomere‐mediated chromosomal truncation to produce mini‐chromosomes with little more than an endogenous centromere that could in turn be used as a foundation to build synthetic chromosomes. Site‐specific recombinases and various iterations of CRISPR‐Cas9 editing provide many tools for the development and re‐engineering of synthetic chromosomes.
Geometric algebra for multibody dynamics. Part I: Elements of geometric algebra
Authors: Bauchau Olivier 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Multibody systems are characterized by two distinguishing features: system components undergo finite motions and these components are connected by mechanical joints that impose restrictions on their relative motion. Clearly, kinematics plays a fundamental role in the analysis of these systems: it is required to describe the arbitrary motion of system components and is needed once again to evaluate the finite relative motion of these components where they are connected by mechanical joints. Hence, it is not surprising that numerous kinematics formulations have been used to describe multibody systems, in an effort to achieve simplicity of the formulation, freedom from singularities, and computational efficiency. Geometric algebra is a mathematical framework that provides an elegant, singularity free description of geometrical entities such as points, lines, and planes. These geometric entities can be moved in space via reflections, translations, rotations, and motions operations that are based on the “geometric product,” a singularity-free mathematical operation that involves algebraic manipulations only. Although it has received little attention in multibody dynamics, geometric algebra is widely used in computer graphics. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that geometric algebra is a sound basis for describing the kinematics of multibody systems and for performing all required operations on the relevant geometric entities.