bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tränenwegstenosen durch Verätzungen und Verbrennungen
Authors: Struck Hans-Gert , Heichel Jens 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Verätzungen und Verbrennungen der Augenoberfläche gehören zu den ophthalmologischen Notfällen mit hohem Gefährdungspotenzial. Eine in der Folge resultierende chronische Epiphora kann zu einem hohen Leidensdruck bei den betroffenen Patienten führen.
Methode Anhand einer Literaturrecherche unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Arbeiten und Darstellung eigener Erkenntnisse, beruhend auf langjährigen Erfahrungen, sollen Handlungsempfehlungen zum Umgang mit sekundär erworbenen Tränenwegstenosen nach Schädigung der okulären Oberfläche durch Verätzungen und Verbrennungen gegeben werden.
Ergebnisse Initial ist eine Einstufung des Schädigungsgrades essenziell. Nach Demarkation der Nekrosen sollte deren Abtragung erfolgen. Hierbei sind die ableitenden Tränenwege (TNW) auf ihre Durchgängigkeit zu prüfen. Liegt primär eine Beteiligung der TNW vor, sind diese zu behandeln. Dabei sind vor allem Stenosen im Bereich der Tränenpünktchen bzw. -röhrchen zu erwarten. Hier kann eine Rekanalisierung mittels konischer Sonden oder Bangerter-Kanülen erfolgen. Die TNW sind nachfolgend durch eine endokanalikuläre Schienung zu sichern. Besteht primär keine Beteiligung der TNW, sollte für eine sekundäre Rekonstruktion bis zum Abschluss der Narbenbildung abgewartet werden.
Schlussfolgerung Nur selten kommt es zu einer behandlungsbedürftigen Epiphora aufgrund einer TNW-Stenose nach Verätzung oder Verbrennung der Augenoberfläche. Eine chirurgische Intervention sollte, wenn möglich, nicht vor 6 Monaten nach Trauma durchgeführt werden.
Antikoagulation bei chronischer koronarer Herzkrankheit
Authors: Zeymer Uwe 
Published: April 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie derzeitigen Leitlinien empfehlen bei Patienten mit chronischer koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK) eine antithrombotische Therapie mit Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) oder Clopidogrel. Die orale Antikoagulation mit einem Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) ist wenigstens genauso effektiv, aber mit mehr Blutungskomplikationen assoziiert. Daher wird diese Therapie in der klinischen Praxis bei Patienten ohne Zusatzindikation (Vorhofflimmern, Kunstklappe, venöse Thrombembolie) nicht eingesetzt. Eine Kombinationstherapie von ASS und einem VKA im Vergleich zu ASS reduziert die Rate von Herzinfarkten und Schlaganfällen, ist aber am ehesten wegen der deutlich höheren Blutungsrate, nicht mit einer Reduktion der kardiovaskulären Sterblichkeit verbunden. In der COMPASS-Studie führte die Kombination einer niedrig dosierten Therapie mit dem Faktor-Xa-Hemmer und ASS zu einer Senkung der kardiovaskulären und auch Gesamt-Sterblichkeit bei Patienten mit chronischer KHK. Die Reduktion der Rate ischämischer Ereignisse war in dieser Studie sogar größer als die durch ASS alleine im Vergleich zu Placebo. Damit steht mit der Kombination von ASS und 2x2,5 mg Rivaroxaban eine neue antithrombotische Therapie bei Patienten mit chronischer KHK und erhöhtem Risiko für ischämische Ereignisse zur Verfügung.
Antithrombotische Therapie während und nach Transkatheter-Aortenklappenersatz (TAVI)
Authors: Bocksch Wolfgang , Steeg Martin , Kilias Antonios 
Published: April 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Transkatheter-Aortenklappenersatz (TAVI) ist heute der häufigste Eingriff an der Aortenklappe in Deutschland, Tendenz steigend. Gegenüber der konservativen Therapie der Aortenklappenstenose bei inoperablen Patienten ist die TAVI hochüberlegen, bei operablen Hochrisiko-, Intermediärrisiko- und auch Niedrigrisiko-Patienten ist die TAVI gleichwertig oder sogar dem operativen Aortenklappenersatz überlegen. Die peri- und postinterventionelle antithrombotische Therapie ist in kontrollierten klinischen Studien vergleichsweise schlecht untersucht. Ziel einer effizienten antithrombotischen Therapie ist die Minimierung des Thrombembolierisikos respektive Schlaganfallrisikos nach TAVI sowie die Reduktion passagerer Klappenthrombosen bei vertretbarem Blutungsrisiko. Die Standardbehandlung nach TAVI ist derzeit die duale Plättchenhemmung mit 100 mg ASS und 75 mg Clopidogrel für 3–6 Monate (ESC IIaC), Patienten mit hohem Blutungsrisiko können auch vertretbar mit einer Monotherapie versorgt werden (ESC IIbC). Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern sollten konventionell antikoaguliert werden (Vitamin K-Antagonist mit Ziel-INR 2–3 oder NOAK) kombiniert mit einer antithrombozytären Monotherapie für 3–6 Monate. Im Fall einer diagnostizierten Klappenthrombose ist die orale Antikoagulation mit einem NOAK oder einem Vitamin-K-Antagonisten mit einer Ziel-INR 3–4 bis zur Normalisierung des transstenotischen Gradienten zu verordnen.
Integrated Transcriptomic Analysis of Necrosis-related Gene in Diffuse Gliomas
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Ma Jie 
Published: April 2019

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor, is characterized histologically by the presence of a necrotic center surrounded by so-called pseudopalisading cells. Pseudopalisading necrosis has long been used as a prognostic feature. However, the underlying molecular mechanism regulating the progression of GBMs remains unclear. We hypothesized that the gene expression profiles of individual cancers, specifically necrosis-related genes, would provide objective information that would allow for the creation of a prognostic index. Gene expression profiles of necrotic and nonnecrotic areas were obtained from the Ivy Glioblastoma Atlas Project (IVY GAP) database to explore the differentially expressed genes.A robust signature of seven genes was identified as a predictor for glioblastoma and low-grade glioma (GBM/LGG) in patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. This set of genes was able to stratify GBM/LGG and GBM patients into high-risk and low-risk groups in the training set as well as the validation set. The TCGA, Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (Rembrandt), and GSE16011 databases were then used to validate the expression level of these seven genes in GBMs and LGGs. Finally, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the high-risk and low-risk groups were subjected to gene ontology enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, and gene set enrichment analyses, and they revealed that these DEGs were associated with immune and inflammatory responses. In conclusion, our study identified a novel seven-gene signature that may guide the prognostic prediction and development of therapeutic applications.
Boron–oxygen complex yields n-type surface layer in semiconducting diamond
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Chen Xin , Singh David J. , Stern Richard A. , Wu Jinsong , Petitgirard Sylvain , Bina Craig R. , Jacobsen Steven D. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Diamond is a uniquely attractive wide-bandgap semiconductor for future electronic devices where its remarkable physical properties may enable switches, transistors, and diodes for extreme applications. Whereas p-type semiconducting diamond is well developed with boron doping, the synthesis of n-type diamond, required to complete purely diamond-based electronics, has been a great challenge in materials science. We report the creation of n-type diamond via a new type of defect complexes of boron and oxygen that can be tuned by controlling the experimental parameters for diamond crystallization, leading to a shallow donor state with high carrier concentration that is several orders of magnitude higher than achieved by sulfur or phosphorus doping. The results provide a new strategy for producing n-type diamond-based devices.
Night-sky radiometry can revolutionize the characterization of light-pollution sources globally
Authors: Kocifaj Miroslav , Solano-Lamphar Héctor Antonio , Videen Gorden 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Anthropogenic skyglow is currently a serious threat to natural environments near human settlements; however, a spread of light over wide areas is difficult to predict due to uncertainties in the city emission function (CEF) from many light sources. The CEF determines the rate at which skyglow varies with distance to a light source but remains virtually unexplored because appropriate retrieval tools have been unavailable. However, we have now obtained the CEF from ground-based night-sky radiometry and conducted a successful experiment to retrieve the CEF of an urban area. The method provides information on the CEF and allows for its systematic full-area economic monitoring while initiating a phase in light-pollution research.
Prion protein quantification in human cerebrospinal fluid as a tool for prion disease drug development
Authors: Vallabh Sonia M. , Nobuhara Chloe K. , Llorens Franc , Zerr Inga , Parchi Piero , Capellari Sabina , Kuhn Eric , Klickstein Jacob , Safar Jiri G. , Nery Flavia C. , Swoboda Kathryn J. , Geschwind Michael D. , Zetterberg Henrik , Arnold Steven E. , Minikel Eric Vallabh , Schreiber Stuart L. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Human prion disease is a rapidly fatal and incurable neurodegenerative disease. Reduction of prion protein in the brain is a well-supported therapeutic hypothesis, and antisense oligonucleotides with this mechanism of action are currently in development. To facilitate clinical testing of prion protein-lowering drugs in prion disease, we show that with proper sample handling, brain prion protein levels can be monitored in cerebrospinal fluid, using existing tools, and exhibit suitable short-term stability for drug-dependent decreases to be reliably measured. Cerebrospinal fluid prion protein levels thus may usefully serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. This biomarker may open new paths for informative clinical trials in presymptomatic individuals who harbor high-risk mutations for genetic prion disease.
Interaction of epitaxial graphene with heavy metals: towards novel sensing platform
Authors: Shtepliuk Ivan , Yakimova Rositsa 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Development of next-generation sensors based on graphene materials, especially epitaxial graphene (EG) as the most promising representative, with desirable cross-reactivity to heavy metals (HMs) is of great technological significance in the virtue of enormous impact on environmental sensorics. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which EG responds to toxic HMs exposure and then produces the output signal are still obscure. In the present study, the nature of interaction of toxic HMs, e.g. Cd, Hg and Pb in neutral charge state and EG on Si-face SiC in the absence and in the presence of pure water solution has been investigated using density functional theory with the inclusion of dispersion correction and cluster model of EG. The gas-phase calculations showed that adsorbed electron-donating Cd and Hg adatoms on EG are most stable when bonded to hollow sites, while Pb species prefer to sit above bridge sites. By using non-covalent interaction analysis, charge decomposition analysis, overlap population density of states analysis and topological analysis, it was found that the interaction between Cd or Hg and EG is non-bonding in nature and is mainly governed by van der Waals forces, while Pb adsorption is followed by the formation of anti-bonding orbitals in vacuum conditions and bonding orbitals in water. The role of solvent in the adsorption behavior of HMs is studied and discussed. The present theoretical analysis is in good agreement with recent experimental results towards discriminative electrochemical analysis of the toxic HMs in aqueous solutions at critically low concentrations.
Imprecise Quantification
Authors: Roberts Alexander 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Following David Lewis (1986), Ted Sider (2001) has famously argued that unrestricted first-order quantification cannot be vague. His argument was intended as a type of reductio: its strategy was to show that the mere hypothesis of unrestricted quantifier vagueness collapses into the claim that unrestricted quantification is precise. However, this short article considers two natural reconstructions of the argument, and shows that each can be resisted. The theme will be that each reconstruction of the argument involves assumptions which advocates of vague quantification have independent reason to reject.
Comparison and integration of computational methods for deleterious synonymous mutation prediction
Authors: Cheng Na , Li Menglu , Zhao Le , Zhang Bo , Yang Yuhua , Zheng Chun-Hou , Xia Junfeng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Synonymous mutations do not change the encoded amino acids but may alter the structure or function of an mRNA in ways that impact gene function. Advances in next generation sequencing technologies have detected numerous synonymous mutations in the human genome. Several computational models have been proposed to predict deleterious synonymous mutations, which have greatly facilitated the development of this important field. Consequently, there is an urgent need to assess the state-of-the-art computational methods for deleterious synonymous mutation prediction to further advance the existing methodologies and to improve performance. In this regard, we systematically compared a total of 10 computational methods (including specific method for deleterious synonymous mutation and general method for single nucleotide mutation) in terms of the algorithms used, calculated features, performance evaluation and software usability. In addition, we constructed two carefully curated independent test datasets and accordingly assessed the robustness and scalability of these different computational methods for the identification of deleterious synonymous mutations. In an effort to improve predictive performance, we established an ensemble model, named Prediction of Deleterious Synonymous Mutation (PrDSM), which averages the ratings generated by the three most accurate predictors. Our benchmark tests demonstrated that the ensemble model PrDSM outperformed the reviewed tools for the prediction of deleterious synonymous mutations. Using the ensemble model, we developed an accessible online predictor, PrDSM, available at http://bioinfo.ahu.edu.cn:8080/PrDSM/. We hope that this comprehensive survey and the proposed strategy for building more accurate models can serve as a useful guide for inspiring future developments of computational methods for deleterious synonymous mutation prediction.
A mayfly’s rapid transition toward unisexual populations
Authors: Sekiné K , Tojo K 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSexual reproduction is overwhelmingly the most common reproductive mode among Metazoans, although it has been secondarily lost in some organisms. Ephoron shigae is a geographically parthenogenetic mayfly. Here, we provide details of the frequency of bisexual and parthenogenetic strains of E. shigae together with data on their sex ratios in the Abukuma-gawa River and one of its downstream tributaries, the Surikami-gawa River, in Japan. In a previous study in the 1990s, bisexual populations were observed in both rivers. The present study clearly shows that sex ratios have since changed to be almost entirely unisexual within the downstream area of the Abukuma-gawa River and the Surikami-gawa River. Our genetic analyses also show that these females are of a parthenogenetic strain, and that the original bisexual strains were overwhelmed within a period of <20 years. However, it was recently observed that many males and females of the bisexual strains continue to inhabit upstream areas of the Abukuma-gawa River. Therefore, we suggest that the parthenogenetic strains have increased in abundance primarily downstream. We show that a drastic change has occurred over a short period, involving the replacement of one strain and a corresponding change in reproductive mode along a riverine environment.
Taxonomy-based differences in feeding guilds of fish
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández Javier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt has been taken for granted that feeding guilds and behavior in animals are linked to the taxonomic relatedness of species, but empirical evidence supporting such relationship is virtually missing. To examine the importance of taxonomy on trophic ecology, I here present the first well-resolved dietary taxonomy analysis based on feeding guilds (predation, herbivory, and filtering) among families and genera within the fish order Perciformes. Taxonomic relatedness in feeding did not vary with ecosystem dimension (marine vs. freshwater). Although predation dominates among Perciformes fishes, this study shows that in most cases taxonomic units (family or genus) are composed by species with several feeding guilds. Related species are more similar in feeding compared with species that are taxonomically more distant, demonstrating that there is a greater variation of feeding guilds within families than genera. Thus, there is no consistency in feeding guilds between family- and genus-level taxonomy. This study provides empirical support for the notion that genera are more informative than families, underlining that family-level taxonomy should be avoided to infer feeding habits of fish species at finer taxonomic resolution. Thus, the choice of taxonomic resolution (family or genus level) in ecological studies is key to avoid information loss and misleading results. I conclude that high-rank taxonomic units (i.e., above the generic level) are not appropriate to test research hypotheses about the feeding of fish.
RNA accumulation inCandida tropicalisbased on cofactor engineering
Authors: Li Bingbing , Liu Ying , Wang Lianzhe , Hong Jun , Chen Yong , Ying Hanjie 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTRedox cofactors play an important role in biosynthetic and catabolic reactions and the transfer of energy for the cell. Therefore, studying the relationship between cofactor perturbation and metabolism is a useful approach to improve the yield of target products. To study RNA accumulation and metabolism when intracellular cofactor balance was impaired, the water-forming NADH oxidase (NoxE) from Lactococcus lactis and membrane-bound transhydrogenase (PntAB) from Escherichia coli were expressed in Candidatropicalis no. 121, respectively. Expression of noxE significantly decreased the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio, but the NADPH/NADP+ ratio did not differ significantly. PntAB increased the intracellular NADH pool, while the NADPH/NADP+ ratio decreased. The perturbation of the cofactors caused a large redistribution of metabolic fluxes. The biomass and RNA content decreased by 11.0% and 10.6% in pAUR-noxE strain, respectively, while the RNA content increased by 5.5% and the biomass showed no signification difference in pAUR-pntAB strain. Expression of noxE and pntAB led to decreases and increases in the ATP concentration and yield of RNA, respectively, which also indicated that ATP plays an important role in the RNA biosynthesis.
Effect of temporal and spatial resolution on identification of fishing activities in small-scale fisheries using pots and traps
Authors: Mendo Tania , Smout Sophie , Russo Tommaso , D’Andrea Lorenzo , James Mark 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Analysis of data from vessel monitoring systems and automated identification systems in large-scale fisheries is used to describe the spatial distribution of effort, impact on habitats, and location of fishing grounds. To identify when and where fishing activities occur, analysis needs to take account of different fishing practices in different fleets. Small-scale fisheries (SSFs) vessels have generally been exempted from positional reporting requirements, but recent developments of compact low-cost systems offer the potential to monitor them effectively. To characterize the spatial distribution of fishing activities in SSFs, positions should be collected with sufficient frequency to allow detection of different fishing behaviours, while minimizing demands for data transmission, storage, and analysis. This study sought to suggest optimal rates of data collection to characterize fishing activities at appropriate spatial resolution. In a SSF case study, on-board observers collected Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) position and fishing activity every second during each trip. In analysis, data were re-sampled to lower temporal resolutions to evaluate the effect on the identification of number of hauls and area fished. The effect of estimation at different spatial resolutions was also explored. Consistent results were found for polling intervals &lt;60 s in small vessels and &lt;120 in medium and large vessels. Grid cell size of 100 × 100 m resulted in best estimations of area fished. Remote collection and analysis of GNSS or equivalent data at low cost and sufficient resolution to infer small-scale fisheries activities. This has significant implications globally for sustainable management of these fisheries, many of which are currently unregulated.
Working with Others: Reflections on Fieldwork in Postconflict Societies
Authors: Lawther Cheryl , Killean Rachel , Dempster Lauren 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this Note from the Field we reflect on the challenges of doing sensitive fieldwork in postconflict and transitional societies. Our reflections are informed by sustained fieldwork with victims and perpetrators of violent conflict in a range of transitional jurisdictions. While undertaking this work, we have been acutely aware of the challenges raised by our own position in the field and by the power dynamics at play when working with partner organizations and speaking with vulnerable communities. Focusing on the themes of preparation, partners and positionality, this Note highlights the benefits and potential pitfalls of this style of qualitative work and seeks to encourage a more reflexive approach to working with victims and survivors of gross human rights violations.
A 5-Year Review of Pavement Burns From a Desert Burn Center
Authors: Vega Jorge , Chestovich Paul , Saquib Syed , Fraser Douglas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Pavement burns account for significant burn-related injuries in the Southwestern United States and other hot climates with nearly continuous sunlight and daily maximum temperatures above 100°F. At peak temperatures, pavement can be hot enough to cause second-degree burns in a matter of seconds. The goal of this study was to review pavement burn injury admissions at a desert burn center compared with maximum ambient temperatures to determine which temperatures correlated to an increase in burn admissions. We obtained ambient temperature data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. We reviewed our registry for 5 years retrospectively of all pavement burn injury admissions to our burn center. A total of 173 pavement-related burn cases were identified. We demonstrated an exponential increase in the rate of burn admissions as maximum ambient temperatures increased. More than 88% of pavement-related burn injury admissions occurred when the ambient temperature reached 95°F or higher. The risk per day was extrapolated based on the number of pavement burn injury admissions and the number of days at each of the maximum ambient temperatures recorded. The risk of pavement burns in areas of direct sunlight begins around 95°F and increases exponentially as ambient temperatures rise. This information will be used for burn outreach prevention and public health awareness programs. The benefit of this study relates to the entire community since high ambient temperatures put everyone at risk for hot pavement burns.