bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasopharynx Cancer in the United States: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Stage at Presentation
Authors: Dee Edward Christopher , Wang Stephanie , Ho Frances Dominique V. , Patel Roshal R. , Lapen Kaitlyn , Wu Yingzhi , Yang Fan , Patel Tej A. , Feliciano Erin Jay G. , McBride Sean M. , Lee Nancy Y. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAlthough nasopharynx cancer (NPC) is rare in the United States, global epidemiology varies greatly. Therefore, understanding NPC disparities in the diverse US setting is critical.Methods and MaterialsData from the National Cancer Database (NCDB, 2004‐2021) identified patients with NPC; NCDB allows disaggregation by Asian American (AA) subgroups. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors defined adjusted odds ratios (aORs).ResultsOf 15,862 patients, 11,173 (70.4%) were male (median age 59). Commonest groups included 10,034 (63.3%) White, 2,272 (14.3%) Black, 1,103 (7.0%) Chinese, 442 (2.8%) Filipino, and 338 (2.1%) Vietnamese patients. Prior to disaggregation, the proportion of stage IV disease at presentation was 43.2% among White (ref), 50.0% among Black (aOR 1.12, p = 0.012), 52.0% among Native American (aOR 1.18, p > 0.05), 41.9% among AA (aOR 0.97, p > 0.05), and 55.1% among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander patients (aOR 1.47, p = 0.021).Upon disaggregation, the proportion of stage IV disease was the greatest (>50%) among Black (50.0%, aOR 1.12, p = 0.012), Laotian (61.5%, aOR 2.21, p = 0.001), Hmong (73.2%, aOR 2.92, p < 0.001), and Other Pacific Islander patients (60.9%, aOR 1.83, p = 0.004); 44.2% of Filipino patients also presented with stage IV disease (aOR 1.21, p = 0.033). Odds of presenting with advanced stage disease were lower among Chinese patients (35.7% stage IV, aOR 0.72, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAlthough most NPC patients were Chinese, White, or Black, stage IV disease at presentation was most common among Hmong, Laotian, non‐Hawaiian Pacific Islander, and Black patients. Efforts are needed to improve awareness of NPC among less canonically affected groups.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 135:1113–1119, 2025
Welfare‐Reducing Integration Under Emission Taxes and Endogenous Competition Mode
Authors: Cho Sumi , Lee Dong‐Joon , Lee Sang‐Ho 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines asymmetric supply chain competition between integrated and non‐integrated supply chains under emission taxes when firms choose competition mode in the final goods market endogenously. We find that higher emission taxes may lead the non‐integrated downstream firm to adopt aggressive pricing to induce its upstream firm to lower prices, leveling competition with an integrated one. When the non‐integrated chain integrates, however, quantity contracts become dominant strategies, which might distort welfare under lower emission taxes if both environmental damage and product substitutability are sufficiently high. Our finding indicates the welfare‐reducing effects of government interventions post‐integration when emission tax policy and endogenous competition mode are relevant.
Reclassification of Two MLH1 Variants of Uncertain Significance Utilizing Clinical and Functional Data
Authors: Frederiksen Jane Hübertz , Birkedal Ulf , Bachmann Sarah , Eliesen Elisabeth Victoria , Rasmussen Lene Juel , Pedersen Katja Venborg , Al‐Zehhawi Lana , Boonen Susanne E. , Krogh Lotte , Rønlund Karina , Graversen Lise , Assenholt Jannie , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Wadt Karin , Gerdes Anne‐Marie , Hansen Thomas v. O. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPathogenic variants in the mismatch repair genes are associated with an elevated lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We previously identified two variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in the MLH1 gene, c.696_698del, p.(Cys233del) and c.1919C > G, p.(Pro640Arg), in Danish families with numerous occurrences of CRC.MethodsTo reclassify the variants we collected clinical data, initiated tumor and co‐segregation analysis, and performed RNA splicing analysis, subcellular localization, and protein stability studies.ResultsThe functional analysis revealed that the c.696_698del, p.(Cys233del) variant had an effect at the RNA level, on subcellular localization, and on protein stability, while the c.1919C > G, p.(Pro640Arg) variant showed decreased expression in localization studies and decreased protein stability. These results suggest both variants disrupt DNA mismatch repair.ConclusionBy applying all collected data and functional results we propose to reclassify the c.696_698del, p.(Cys233del) and the c.1919C > G, p.(Pro640Arg) variants as likely pathogenic (class 4) using MMR gene‐specific ACMG/AMP guidelines. Consequently, the two MLH1 variants can now be used for risk assessment of variant carriers, while family members without the variants can be excluded from intensified cancer surveillance and follow population recommendations.
α‐Tocopherol Long‐Chain Metabolite α‐T‐13′‐COOH Exhibits Biphasic Effects on Cell Viability, Induces ROS‐Dependent DNA Damage, and Modulates Redox Status in Murine RAW264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Liao Sijia , Börmel Lisa , Müller Anke Katharina , Gottschalk Luisa , Pritsch Nadine , Preisner Lara Zoé , Samokhina Oleksandra , Schwarz Maria , Kipp Anna P. , Schlörmann Wiebke , Glei Michael , Schubert Martin , Schmölz Lisa , Wallert Maria , Lorkowski Stefan 
Published: November 2024

ScopeThe α‐tocopherol long‐chain metabolite α‐tocopherol‐13′‐hydroxy‐chromanol (α‐T‐13′‐COOH) is a proposed regulatory intermediate of endogenous vitamin E metabolism. Effects of α‐T‐13′‐COOH on cell viability and adaptive stress response are not well understood. The present study aims to investigate the concentration‐dependent effects of α‐T‐13′‐COOH on cellular redox homeostasis, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity in murine RAW264.7 macrophages as a model system.Methods and resultsMurine RAW264.7 macrophages are exposed to various dosages of α‐T‐13′‐COOH to determine its regulatory effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, expression of stress‐related markers, and the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes including superoxide dismutases, catalase, and glutathione‐S‐transferases. The impact on cell viability is assessed by analyzing cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and cell apoptosis.Conclusionα‐T‐13′‐COOH influences ROS production and induces DNA damage in a dose‐dependent manner. The metabolite modulates the activity of ROS‐scavenging enzymes, with significant changes observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. A biphasic response affecting cell viability is noted: sub‐micromolar doses of α‐T‐13′‐COOH promote cell proliferation and enhance DNA synthesis, whereas supraphysiological doses lead to DNA damage and cytotoxicity. It hypothesizes an adaptive stress response, characterized by upregulation of ROS detoxification mechanisms, enhanced cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis, indicating a correlation with oxidative stress and subsequent cellular damage.
A GaN‐on‐SiC Millimeter‐Wave Low Noise Amplifier Using Hybrid‐Matching Technique for 5G n258 Applications
Authors: Lan Liang , Zhang Zhihao , Huang Chaoyu , Zhang Gary 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis letter details the design and implementation of a millimeter‐wave (mm‐Wave) low noise amplifier (LNA) employing 150‐nm gallium nitride on silicon carbide (GaN‐on‐SiC) high electron mobility transistor technology, specifically tailored for fifth‐generation (5G) applications. The proposed GaN‐based LNA integrates a hybrid matching topology alongside a co‐design strategy, thereby optimizing the noise figure (NF) by minimizing interstage matching components. The fabricated LNA, spanning a total chip area of 2.3 × 1.4 mm², exhibits a linear gain in the range of 17.41–19.2 dB and maintains an NF within 2.32–3.06 dB. Additionally, commendable input/output return losses exceeding 7.5 dB are achieved across the 23–27.5 GHz, with the apparatus consuming approximately 150 mW.
Data‐Driven Tools to Evaluate Support Pressure, Radial Displacements, and Face Extrusion for Tunnels Excavated in Elastoplastic Grounds
Authors: Tristani Alec , Guayacán‐Carrillo Lina‐María , Sulem Jean 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTwo‐dimensional analysis of tunnel design based on the convergence–confinement method, although commonly used in tunnel design, may not always be applied. For example, in squeezing grounds, if the support is installed very close to the tunnel face, three‐dimensional numerical modeling is required but is computationally expensive. Therefore, it is usually performed before or after tunnel excavation. A machine learning approach is presented here as an alternative to costly computations. Two surrogate models are developed based on synthetic data. The first model aims to assess the support pressure and the radial displacement at equilibrium in the lining and the radial displacement occurring close to the face at the installation distance of the support. The second model is intended to compute the extrusion of the core considering an unlined gallery. It is assumed a circular tunnel excavated in a Mohr–Coulomb elastoplastic perfectly plastic ground under an initial isotropic stress state. In particular, the bagging method is applied to neural networks to enhance the generalization capability of the models. A good performance is obtained using relatively scarce datasets. The modeling of the surrogate models is explained from the creation of the synthetic datasets to the evaluation of their performance. Their limitations are discussed. In practice, these two machine learning tools should be helpful in the field during the excavation phase.
Gratitude and Subjective Well‐Being in Older Chinese Adults in Nursing Homes: The Mediating Roles of Self‐Efficacy and Social Support
Authors: Liu Chunqin , Luo Qing , Song Liqin , Luo Dongyi , Chen Huifang , Hu Xinyang , Zhou Ying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimWith an aging global population, there has been a growing interest in the subjective well‐being (SWB) of older people. As a positive emotion, gratitude has been found to be significantly and positively associated with SWB. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between gratitude and SWB remain poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of social support and self‐efficacy in the relationship between gratitude and SWB among older Chinese adults in nursing homes.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA sample of 354 older adults in nursing homes aged 60 years and above was recruited across three nursing homes in Guangzhou, China. Participants completed the Gratitude Questionnaire‐Six‐Item Form, the World Health Organization's well‐being index, the General Self‐efficacy questionnaire and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Structural equation modelling was used to evaluate the relationships between gratitude, self‐efficacy, social support and SWB. A bootstrap test was performed to test mediating roles of self‐efficacy and social support.ResultsGratitude was found to be significantly and positively associated with SWB (β = 0.294, p < 0.001). Self‐efficacy and social support independently mediated the relationship between gratitude and SWB (indirect effect of self‐efficacy: Standardised β = 0.105, 95% CI [0.061, 0.157]; indirect effect of social support: Standardised β = 0.116, 95% CI [0.444, 0.191], all p < 0.001). Additionally, the results indicated that the mediating effect of self‐efficacy was not significantly different from that of social support in the link between gratitude with SWB.ConclusionThese findings presented strong evidence that self‐efficacy and social support provided the underlying mechanisms through which gratitude was associated with SWB in Chinese nursing home residents. This highlighted the need to develop interventions aiming at increasing gratitude, self‐efficacy and social support to promote SWB among elderly people.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Dose‐Related Effects and Bleeding Risk of Ketorolac in Pediatric Tonsillectomy
Authors: Kim Do Hyun , Jang David W. , Hwang Se Hwan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the safety and effectiveness of dose‐related ketorolac administration in children who underwent tonsillectomy.Data SourcesData sourced from PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, encompassing literature from their inception until June 2024.Review MethodsThe perioperative administration of ketorolac in comparison with a control group was included in this analysis. The outcomes assessed were postoperative pain levels; utilization patterns of analgesic medication in terms of quantity and frequency; and the incidence rates of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and bleeding.ResultsEighteen studies with 11,729 patients that investigated. The ketorolac treatment group with postoperative bleeding had a higher incidence of primary bleeding (significant bleeding and operative bleeding control) compared to the control group. However, ketorolac treatment did not affect the risk of secondary bleeding. Subgroup analysis showed that 0.9 to 1 mg/kg of ketorolac significantly increases primary operative control (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0700 [1.6352; 10.1302]; I2 = 0.0%) and primary significant bleeding (OR = 2.3200 [1.1322; 4.7538]; I2 = 0.0%). On the other hand, 0.5 mg/kg ketorolac did not show any influence on primary operative control. The administration of ketorolac (both 0.9‐1 and 0.5 mg/kg) led to a significant decrease in postoperative pain (2‐24 hours), nausea, and vomiting compared to the control group.ConclusionLow‐dose (0.5 mg/kg) ketorolac administration to children could significantly reduce the risk of primary significant bleeding and surgical hemostasis compared to high‐dose administration (0.9‐1.0 mg/kg). In addition, low‐dose ketorolac administration could provide sufficient pain control and reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting.
A Facile Method to Incorporate Di‐Dopant Elements (F and Sb) into Crystalline Mesoporous Tin Dioxide Nano Powder at Ambient Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Aqeel Tariq , Greer Heather F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA simple two step synthetic method for di‐doped crystalline mesoporous tin dioxide powder containing antimony and fluoride at ambient pressure and temperature has been developed. This approach produced materials with high surface areas and improved electrical and optoelectrical conductance. The two dopant elements; antimony and fluoride were introduced to tin dioxide by two approaches. Both approaches produced mesoporous tin dioxide with antimony and fluoride that are integrated in the framework. The structures of these materials are analyzed by powder X‐ray diffraction, N2 sorption analysis, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conductance of the materials improved by factor of 13–34 compared to undoped mesoporous tin dioxide. The effect of the di‐doped elements on structure, conductance and optoelectronic properties of these materials are discussed in this paper.
Enhancing enset fiber‐reinforced polylactic acid composites through different surface treatments for emerging applications
Authors: Abraha Kahsay Gebresilassie , Debeli Dereje Kebebew , Ghani Muhammad Usman , Zhou Buguang , Tesfahunegn Awet Arefe , Guo Jiansheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnvironmental concerns and the over‐exploitation of natural resources have driven the search for eco‐friendly materials. Agro/industrial waste, often discarded, can be repurposed as fillers in biocomposites. However, bio‐fibers present challenges such as poor compatibility, high moisture absorption, and variable mechanical properties. This study examines various fiber surface modification techniques, including NaOH, silane, alkali‐silane, and pectinase enzyme treatments on enset fiber (EF) to produce sustainable reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites. Untreated EF/PLA composites were fabricated for comparison. Results showed that the applied EF surface treatments, especially using pectinase enzyme, significantly enhanced mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties. Pectinase‐treated EF/PLA composites displayed increased tensile strength by 55.99%, elongation at the break by 39.49%, tensile modulus by 32.59%, impact strength by 51.50%, flexural strength by 51.85%, flexural modulus by 60.90%, and improved thermal stability as compared to untreated composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses verified better fiber‐matrix interaction with clarity due to reduced non‐cellulosic components. Pectinase enzyme treatment emerged as the most effective, eco‐friendly method, enhancing the enset fiber's potential in polymer biocomposites, suitable for automotive interiors and packaging industries, reducing synthetic plastic pollution, and utilizing agricultural waste.Highlights
Enset fibers were modified by NaOH, silane, NaOH/silane, and pectinase enzyme
The modified enset/PLA composites were prepared by compression molding
Surface treatments enhanced the enset‐PLA matrix interaction
Pectinase‐modified enset/PLA composite showed superior properties
Improved properties of enset composites make it ideal for various applications
Soluble Proteoglycans and Proteoglycan Fragments as Biomarkers of Pathological Extracellular Matrix Remodeling
Authors: Kemberi Marsioleda , Minns Alexander F. , Santamaria Salvatore 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTProteoglycans and their proteolytic fragments diffuse into biological fluids such as plasma, serum, urine, or synovial fluid, where they can be detected by antibodies or mass‐spectrometry. Neopeptides generated by the proteolysis of proteoglycans are recognized by specific neoepitope antibodies and can act as a proxy for the activity of certain proteases. Proteoglycan and proteoglycan fragments can be potentially used as prognostic, diagnostic, or theragnostic biomarkers for several diseases characterized by dysregulated extracellular matrix remodeling such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, thoracic aortic aneurysms, central nervous system disorders, viral infections, and cancer. Here, we review the main mechanisms accounting for the presence of soluble proteoglycans and their fragments in biological fluids, their potential application as diagnostic, prognostic, or theragnostic biomarkers, and highlight challenges and opportunities ahead of their clinical translation.
Precision medicine to identify, prevent, and treat pediatric obesity
Authors: Tillman Emma M. , Mertami Selsbiel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPediatric obesity is a growing health concern that has many secondary adverse health implications. Personalized medicine is a tool that can be used to optimize diagnosis and treatments of many diseases. In this review, we will focus on three areas related to the genetics of pediatric obesity: (i) genetic causes predisposing to pediatric obesity, (ii) pharmacogenomics that may predict weight gain associated with pharmacotherapy, and (iii) pharmacogenomics of anti‐obesity pharmacotherapy. This narrative review evaluates genetic cause of pediatric obesity and how genetic findings can be used to optimize pharmacotherapy to minimize weight gain and optimize obesity treatment in pediatric patients. Pediatric obesity has many genetic causes including genomic obesity syndromes and monogenic obesity disorders. Several genetic etiologies of obesity have current or emerging targeted genetic therapies. Pharmacogenomic (PGx) targets associated with pharmacotherapy‐induced weight gain have been identified for antipsychotic, antiepileptic, antidepressant therapies, and steroids, yet to date no clinical guidelines exist for application use of PGx to tailor pharmacotherapy to avoid weight gain. As legislation evolves for genetic testing coverage and technology advances, this will decrease cost and expand access to genetic testing. This will result in identification of potential genetic causes of obesity and genes that predispose to pharmacotherapy‐induced weight gain. Advances in precision medicine can ultimately lead to development of clinical practice guidelines on how to apply genetic findings to optimize pharmacotherapy to treat genetic targets of obesity and avoid weight gain as an adverse event associated with pharmacotherapy.
Apparent Intensity Dependence of Shunts in PV Modules Revision of the Shunt Parameterization in the De Soto Model and PVsyst
Authors: Harder Nils‐Peter , Garcia José Cano 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIt is common practice in PV system simulation to use the De Soto model, which describes how to use the 1‐diode equivalent circuit model for modules. De Soto's model scales the shunt with irradiance, making it disappear toward zero W/m2. Also, the commercial software PVsyst uses a parameterization that reduces the shunt effect when the irradiance goes down. However, the solar cells that make up a module typically do not have an illumination‐dependent shunt. We therefore investigate the origin of the intensity‐dependent apparent shunt in modules. We show that this apparent shunt (derived from the slope of the quasi‐linear region from ISC onwards) is a misinterpretation for module I‐V curves and has little to do with a shunt conductance, although this slope method serves well for determining the shunt conductance of individual cells. Instead, the module I‐V curve slope of the quasi‐linear region from ISC onwards is strongly influenced by even small ISC mismatches between the cells. Such mismatch can occur from small illumination inhomogeneity even for A+ solar simulators in the laboratory, or from cell production variation. Abandoning the practice of using the I‐V curve slope to determine the shunt value for equivalent circuit models of modules (and the corresponding shunt scaling in the De Soto model or PVsyst) contributes to physically more meaningful I‐V curve parameterizations and bears the opportunity for further improved accuracy of PV system energy yield prediction.
Review and Practical Guide for Getting Started With Single‐Cell Proteomics
Authors: Lin Hsien‐Jung L. , Webber Kei G. I. , Nwosu Andikan J. , Kelly Ryan T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSingle‐cell proteomics (SCP) has advanced significantly in recent years, with new tools specifically designed for the preparation and analysis of single cells now commercially available to researchers. The field is sufficiently mature to be broadly accessible to any lab capable of isolating single cells and performing bulk‐scale proteomic analyses. In this review, we highlight recent work in the SCP field that has significantly lowered the barrier to entry, thus providing a practical guide for those who are newly entering the SCP field. We outline the fundamental principles and report multiple paths to accomplish the key steps of a successful SCP experiment including sample preparation, separation, and mass spectrometry data acquisition and analysis. We recommend that researchers start with a label‐free SCP workflow, as achieving high‐quality and quantitatively accurate results is more straightforward than label‐based multiplexed strategies. By leveraging these accessible means, researchers can confidently perform SCP experiments and make meaningful discoveries at the single‐cell level.