bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme plasticity in reproductive biology of an oviparous lizard
Authors: Olsson Mats , Loeb Lisa , Lindsay Willow , Wapstra Erik , Fitzpatrick Luisa , Shine Richard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMost oviparous squamate reptiles lay their eggs when embryos have completed less than one‐third of development, with the remaining two‐thirds spent in an external nest. Even when females facultatively retain eggs in dry or cold conditions, such retention generally causes only a minor (<10%) decrease in subsequent incubation periods. In contrast, we found that female sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) from an experimentally founded field population (established ca. 20 years ago on the southwest coast of Sweden) exhibited wide variation in incubation periods even when the eggs were kept at standard (25°C) conditions. Females that retained eggs in utero for longer based on the delay between capture and oviposition produced eggs that hatched sooner. In the extreme case, eggs hatched after only 55% of the “normal” incubation period. Although the proximate mechanisms underlying this flexibility remain unclear, our results from this first full field season at the new study site show that females within a single cold‐climate population of lizards can span a substantial proportion of the continuum from “normal” oviparity to viviparity.
Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Aloysia triphylla and Minthostachys mollis that Improve the Oxidative Stability of Sunflower Oil under Accelerated Storage Conditions
Authors: Olmedo Rubén , Ribotta Pablo , Grosso Nelson R. 
Published: June 2018

This research determines the antioxidant properties of the essential oils from Aloysia triphylla (AT) and Minthostachys mollis (MM), their antioxidant activity in sunflower oil during accelerated storage (60 °C), and how this storage condition affects the volatiles profile of these essential oils. The main constituents of AT essential oil are neral (27.3%), spathulenol (25.6%), and geranial (24.4%), whereas pulegone (53%) and menthone (29.5%) predominate in MM. Both essential oils present minor modifications in the chemical compositions after storage at 60 °C for 14 days. The antioxidant activity is determined by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and monitoring the chemical and volatile oxidation indicators during accelerated storage of sunflower oil. The DPPH results show 48.2% and 24.6% free radical inhibition for AT and MM, respectively. In the accelerated oxidation test, the samples with 0.02% essential oil show the best antioxidant properties and are comparable to butylated hydroxytoluene. Based on these results, AT and MM essential oils show potential use as antioxidants in foods with high lipid content.Practical Applications: Lipids are susceptible to oxidation associated with off‐flavor generation, which decreases their quality and nutritional properties. Natural antioxidants can be used as an alternative to replace synthetic antioxidants, like BHT, TBHQ, or BHA. The results of this research demonstrate that the essential oils obtained from two aromatic‐culinary plants (AT and MM) have antioxidant activity and constitute potential additives for preserving the quality of lipid‐rich foods. Deciphering the antioxidant mechanism of these essential oils will promote interest in their use by the food industry. The current investigation shows the dynamics of lipid oxidation indicators in a lipid food matrix supplemented with these natural antioxidants.Biplot of Principal components analysis among samples and volatiles and chemical oxidation indicators. Samples are sunflower oil control (S), sunflower with aloyzia triphylla (SA), and minthostachys mollis (SM) at different concentration (0.02%, 0.10%, and 0.20% essential oil in sunflower oil) and sunflower with BHT as control (0.02%). Biplot shows the antioxidant effect from both essential oil against lipid oxidation.
Magnetic field and viscous dissipation effect on bioconvection in a permeable sphere embedded in a porous medium with a nanofluid containing gyrotactic micro‐organisms
Authors: Shaw Sachin , Motsa Sandile S. , Sibanda Precious 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMicro‐organisms play a vital role to understand the ecological system and therefore it is very important to understand the behavior of micro‐organism due to different parameters. In the present paper, we investigated the bioconvection about a permeable sphere with constant surface temperature embedded in a porous medium filled with a water‐based nanofluid containing gyrotactic micro‐organisms. The convection and movement of the micro‐organisms are constrained or assisted by thermophoresis, viscous dissipation effects, and an applied magnetic field. First, we have used the similarity transformation to simplify the governing equations. Then, we have solved the governing nonlinear partial differential equations numerically using a recent spectral relaxation method. The effects of the significant parameters on the local density of the gyrotactic micro‐organisms have been determined and discussed. It is observed that by introducing the magnetic field in the system, the skin friction, local nanoparticle Sherwood number, and the local density of the micro‐organism decrease, while the last two governing parameters show a positive response with increase in the viscous dissipation.
A tanglegram Kuratowski theorem
Authors: Czabarka Éva , Székely László A. , Wagner Stephan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA tanglegram consists of two rooted binary plane trees with the same number of leaves and a perfect matching between the two leaf sets. Tanglegrams are drawn with the leaves on two parallel lines, the trees on either side of the strip created by these lines, and the perfect matching inside the strip. If this can be done without any edges crossing, a tanglegram is called planar. We show that every nonplanar tanglegram contains one of two nonplanar 4‐leaf tanglegrams as an induced subtanglegram, which parallels Kuratowski's Theorem.
Universal test and treat is not associated with sub‐optimal antiretroviral therapy adherence in rural South Africa: the ANRS 12249 TasP trial
Authors: Iwuji Collins , McGrath Nuala , Calmy Alexandra , Dabis Francois , Pillay Deenan , Newell Marie‐Louise , Baisley Kathy , Porter Kholoud 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionHIV treatment guidelines now recommend antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation regardless of CD4 count to maximize benefit both for the individual and society. It is unknown whether the initiation of ART at higher CD4 counts would affect adherence levels. We investigated whether initiating ART at higher CD4 counts was associated with sub‐optimal adherence (<95%) during the first 12 months of ART.MethodsA prospective cohort study nested within a two‐arm cluster‐randomized trial of universal test and treat was implemented from March 2012 to June 2016 to measure the impact of ART on HIV incidence in rural KwaZulu‐Natal. ART was initiated regardless of CD4 count in the intervention arm and according to national guidelines in the control arm. ART adherence was measured monthly using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and pill counts (PC). HIV viral load was measured at ART initiation, three and six months, and six‐monthly thereafter. We pooled data from participants in both arms and used random‐effects logistic regression models to examine the association between CD4 count at ART initiation and sub‐optimal adherence, and assessed if adherence levels were associated with virological suppression.ResultsAmong 900 individuals who initiated ART ≥12 months before study end, median (IQR) CD4 at ART initiation was 350 cells/mm3 (234, 503); median age was 34.6 years (IQR 27.4 to 46.4) and 71.7% were female. Adherence was sub‐optimal in 14.7% of visits as measured by VAS and 20.7% by PC. In both the crude analyses and after adjusting for potential confounders, adherence was not significantly associated with CD4 count at ART initiation (adjusted OR for linear trend in sub‐optimal adherence with every 100 cells/mm3 increase in CD4 count: 1.00, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.05, for VAS, and 1.03, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.07, for PC). Virological suppression at 12 months was 97%. Optimal adherence by both measures was significantly associated with virological suppression (p < 0.001 for VAS; p = 0.006 for PC).ConclusionsWe found no evidence that higher CD4 counts at ART initiation were associated with sub‐optimal ART adherence in the first 12 months. Our findings should alleviate concerns about adherence in individuals initiating ART at higher CD4 counts, however long‐term outcomes are needed. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01509508.
A thermochemistry and kinetic study on the thermal decomposition of ethoxyquinoline and ethoxyisoquinoline
Authors: El‐Demerdash Safinaz H. , El‐Gogary Tarek M. , El‐Nahas Ahmed M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations were used to study the production of ethylene and keto/enol tautomers from ethoxyquinoline (2‐EQ) and ethoxyisoquinoline (1‐EisoQ and 3‐EisoQ) in the gas phase and ethanol at the MP2/6‐311++G(2d,2p)//BMK/6‐31+G(d,p) level. The obtained data indicate that the elimination of ethylene from 1‐EisoQ and 2‐EQ is slightly more favorable than from 3‐EisoQ. Formation of quinolone and isoquinolone (2‐EQO, 1‐EisoQO, and 3‐EisoQO) is kinetically favored compared to their enols. Decomposition of 2‐EQ and 1‐EisoQ to ethylene and keto forms is thermodynamically and kinetically preferable more stable than the corresponding enols. However, the hydroxy form of 3‐EisoQ is more stable than its keto tautomer in the gas phase and ethanol. The enol tautomers cost less energy when formed from their keto forms rather than from the parent ethoxyquinolone and ethoxyisoquinoline.
Conservation and transmission of seed bacterial endophytes across generations following crossbreeding and repeated inbreeding of rice at different geographic locations
Authors: Walitang Denver I. , Kim Chan‐Gi , Jeon Sunyoung , Kang Yeongyeong , Sa Tongmin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere are comparatively diverse bacterial communities inside seeds, which are vertically transmitted and conserved, becoming sources of endophytes in the next generation of host plants. We studied how rice seed endophyte composition changed over time following crossbreeding, repeated inbreeding, subsequent human selection and planting of different rice seeds in different ecogeographical locations. Using terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to study bacterial communities, we observed that diversity between the original parents and their offspring may show significant differences in richness, evenness and diversity indices. Heat maps reveal substantial contributions of both or either parent in the shaping of the bacterial seed endophytes of the offspring. Most of the terminal restriction fragments (T‐RFs) of the subsequent progeny could be traced to any or both of its parents while unique T‐RFs of the offspring suggest external sources of colonization particularly when the seeds were cultivated in different locations. Many similar groups of endophytic bacteria persist in the seeds even after recultivation in different locations, indicating resilience to environmental changes and conservation of bacteria across generations. This study suggests that parent plants contributed to the shaping of seed bacterial endophytes of their offspring, although it is also possible that these soil grown rice plants recruit similar populations of endophytes from the soil generation after generation. This study also highlights some bacterial groups belonging to Herbaspirillum, Microbacterium, Curtobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Xanthomonas and Enterobacter that may be part of a transmitted and conserved “core microbiota” that are ubiquitous and dominant members of the endophytic communities of the rice seeds.
Lingonberry Extract Provides Neuroprotection by Regulating the Purinergic System and Reducing Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Reichert Karine Paula , Schetinger Maria Rosa Chitolina , Gutierres Jessie Martins , Pelinson Luana Paula , Stefanello Naiara , Dalenogare Diéssica Padilha , Baldissarelli Jucimara , Lopes Thauan Faccin , Morsch Vera Maria 
Published: June 2018

ScopeBeneficial effects produced by polyphenolic compounds are used in the treatment of various diseases, including diabetes. Thus it is relevant to investigate the protective effect of lingonberry extract (LB) on the activities of nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase), 5’‐nucleotidase (5’‐NT), and adenosine deaminase (ADA); the density of A1, A2A, and P2×7 receptors; production of reactive species (RS); and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the cerebral cortex of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats.Methods and resultsAnimals were divided into five groups (n = 10): control/saline; control/LB 50 mg kg−1; diabetic/saline; diabetic/LB 25 mg kg−1; and diabetic/LB 50 mg kg−1; and treated for 30 days. Our results demonstrate that the treatment with LB increased NTPDase activity in the diabetic/LB 50 group compared to diabetic/saline group. Western blot analysis showed that LB restored the density of purinergic receptors to the approximate values of the control/saline group. An increase in the levels of RS and TBARS was observed in the diabetic/saline group compared with the control/saline group, and treatment with LB can prevent this increase.ConclusionThis study showed that LB could reverse the modifications found in the diabetic state, suggesting that lingonberry may be a coadjuvant in the treatment of diabetes.
Tracking and Variability in Childhood Levels of BMI: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Freedman David S. , Lawman Hannah G. , Galuska Deborah A. , Goodman Alyson B. , Berenson Gerald S. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveAlthough the tracking of BMI levels from childhood to adulthood has been examined, there is little information on the within‐person variability of BMI.MethodsLongitudinal data from 11,591 schoolchildren, 3,096 of whom were reexamined as adults, were used to explore the tracking and variability of BMI levels. This article focuses on changes in age‐adjusted levels of BMI.ResultsThere was strong tracking of BMI levels. The correlation of adjusted BMI levels was r = 0.88, and 78% of children with severe obesity at one examination had severe obesity at the next examination (mean interval, 2.7 years). Further, an increase in adjusted BMI from +5 kg/m2 (above the median) to + 10 increased the risk for adult BMI ≥ 40 by 2.7‐fold. However, BMI levels among children and adolescents were variable. Over a 9‐ to 15‐month interval, the SD of adjusted BMI change was 0.9 kg/m2, and 0.7% of children had an absolute change ≥ 3.5. This variability was associated with the interval between examinations and with the initial BMI.ConclusionsDespite the high degree of tracking of BMI, annual changes of 3.5 kg/m2 or more are plausible. Knowledge of this variability is important when following a child over time.
Differential Proteomic Analysis between Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) and Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumors Reveals Molecular Signatures for Malignancy in Lung Cancer
Authors: Fujii Kiyonaga , Miyata Yuka , Takahashi Ikuya , Koizumi Hirotaka , Saji Hisashi , Hoshikawa Masahiro , Takagi Masayuki , Nishimura Toshihide , Nakamura Haruhiko 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe molecular underpinnings that may prognosticate survival and increase our understanding of tumor development and progression are still poorly understood. This study aimed to define the molecular signatures for malignancy in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), which is known for its highly aggressive clinical features and poor prognosis.Experimental designUsing clinical specimens, the authors perform a comparative proteomic analysis of high‐grade SCLCs and low‐grade pulmonary carcinoid tumors (PCTs), both of which are types of neuroendocrine tumors. A label‐free LC‐MS‐based quantitative proteomic analysis is applied to tumor cells laser‐microdissected from their formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues obtained from six patients each.ResultsOverall, 1991 proteins are identified from tumor cells in the FFPE tissues. Through the protein–protein interaction network analysis of 201 proteins significantly, the authors find that SCLC is functionally characterized by activation of molecular pathways for spliceosome, RNA transport, and DNA replication and cell cycle. Particularly, 11 proteins involved in tumor proliferation (MCM2, 4, 6, 7, and MSH2), metastasis (RCC2, CORO1C, CHD4, and IPO9), and cancer metabolism (PHGDH and TYMP) are identified as SCLC‐specific proteins. Furthermore, their prognostic significances are demonstrated by online Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese clinical tissue proteomic approach for SCLC reveals the proteins associated with aggressiveness and poor prognosis. The identified SCLC‐specific proteins represent potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, MCMs and PHGDH can be poor prognostic factors for lung cancer.
Methionine as a safe and effective novel biorational mosquito larvicide
Authors: Weeks Emma NI , Baniszewski Julie , Gezan Salvador A , Allan Sandra A , Cuda James P , Stevens Bruce R 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMosquito larvicides provide a source‐reduction strategy to diminish adult females that bite and potentially spread pathogens. Demands are mounting for new and innovative effective biorational larvicides, due to the development of resistance to some currently utilized mosquito larvicides, undesirable non‐target effects, and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) restrictions. Methionine is a human nutrient essential amino acid that unexpectedly has been shown to be a valuable safe pest management tool against select insect pests that possess alkaline gut physiology. The present study evaluated larvicidal toxicity of methionine in several pestiferous mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) genera.RESULTSConcentration‐dependent DL‐methionine kinetics assays of survival and pupation were conducted in larvae of Aedes albopictus Skuse, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say, and Culex tarsalis Coquillett in glass jars. High concentrations of DL‐methionine yielded 100% mortality for all test species and prevented pupation at a rate equivalent to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) treatments. Concentration kinetics indicated that An. quadrimaculatus was 10‐fold more sensitive to DL‐methionine than Ae. albopictus and Cx. tarsalis.CONCLUSIONSEPA regulations currently exempt methionine in pesticide formulations applied to agricultural crops. This study demonstrates that methionine is a highly effective mosquito larvicide that can provide a beneficial new biorational, environmentally sustainable tool to control pestiferous mosquitoes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Solving two‐player zero sum games with fuzzy payoffs when players have different risk attitudes
Authors: Koca Yesim , Testik Ozlem Muge 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to propose a solution method for 2‐player zero sum games with fuzzy payoffs, which takes different risk attitudes of the players into account. In the proposed model, players' risk attitudes are modeled with α‐cut concept of fuzzy logic, and the game is solved by multi‐objective linear programming approach. The model is implemented on an online marketing problem to show its applicability and use. The game solutions for both players are found by optimizing specific α‐cuts that represent the risk levels of players and given as the game value and corresponding efficient mixed strategies. The results indicated that the proposed model provides a flexible decision‐making environment to the players for their different risk attitudes.
Looking beyond wildlife: using remote cameras to evaluate accuracy of gridded snow data
Authors: Sirén Alexej P. K. , Somos‐Valenzuela Marcelo , Callahan Catherine , Kilborn Jillian R. , Duclos Timothy , Tragert Cassie , Morelli Toni Lyn 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe use of remote cameras is widespread in wildlife ecology, yet few examples exist of their utility for collecting environmental data. We used a novel camera trap method to evaluate the accuracy of gridded snow data in a mountainous region of the northeastern US. We were specifically interested in assessing (1) how snow depth observations from remote cameras compare with gridded climate data, (2) the sources of error associated with the gridded data and (3) the influence of spatial sampling on bias. We compared daily observations recorded by remote cameras with Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) gridded predictions using data from three winters (2014–2016). Snow depth observations were correlated with SNODAS predictions for sites (R2 = 0.20) and regions (R2 = 0.16), yet we detected factors associated with SNODAS bias at both scales. Specifically, SNODAS underpredicted depths at high elevations, at sites with higher solar radiation, and within conifer‐dominated forest. Depths were most underpredicted at highest elevations, up to 44 and 26 cm on average at the site and region scales, respectively. Bias was greatest when predictions were lowest, occasionally predicting snow absence when depths were >100 cm at camera sites. We also detected breakdowns in accuracy when certain environmental conditions varied within the 1 km2 SNODAS grid cells. For example, underprediction was greatest when the solar radiation values of camera stations increased relative to the mean of the SNODAS grid cells. This relationship was most prominent in mountainous regions, suggesting that factors which influence solar radiation (e.g. topographic complexity) contribute to SNODAS inaccuracy. We caution using gridded snow data for ecological studies when bias is unknown. We suggest increased sampling to adjust for errors associated with gridded data products that arise from factors, such as forest cover and topographic variability. Increasing resolution and accuracy of climate data will improve predictions of species’ responses to climate change.
Cytosine Palladium Hybrid Complex Immobilized on SBA‐15 as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Aqueous Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling
Authors: Rajabi Fatemeh , Fayyaza Fatemeh , Bandyopadhyay Rajoshree , Ivars‐Barcelo Francisco , Puente‐Santiago Alain R. , Luque Rafael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of new heterogeneous catalysts has been achieved by the coupling of palladium on cytosine functionalized SBA‐15 nanoreactors (Pd‐Cyt@SBA‐15). The nanocatalytic systems show a surface area of 367 m2 g−1 with a mean pore diameter of 3.45 nm. Low angle‐XRD measurement reveals that the the anchoring of Pd inside the mesoporous channels of cytosine functionalized SBA‐15 (Cyt@SBA‐15) does not seriously disturb the overall ordered structure of the mesoporous silica. The hybrid nanoreactors act as highly active catalysts for the Suzuki−Miyaura cross‐coupling of a variety aryl chlorides and boronic acid in mixtures of isopropyl alcohol/water under mild conditions. The catalysts showed excellent reusability over seven successive runs under the given reaction conditions. Likewise, no significant leaching of the palladium was detected in the nanoreactors after reusing them several times.