bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charting progress towards system-scale ecosystem service valuation in islands
Authors: OLESON KIRSTEN L.L. , GRAFELD SHANNA , VAN BEUKERING PIETER , BRANDER LUKE , JAMES PHILIP A.S. , WOLFS ESTHER 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTUsing islands as a model system, this paper seeks to understand how ecosystem service valuation (ESV) has and can move from a monetized, single-service paradigm to an integrated valuation paradigm, a participatory approach that represents a more diverse set of the values of nature, and beyond, to a more fully realized conception of the island social–ecological systems. A systematic literature review of 314 island ESV studies reveals developments in the design, implementation and adoption of ESV studies over time. We complement the review with three cases where this evolution is happening, thereby offering insights into successful means of translating ESV into information useful for island system-scale management, policy design and planning. Over the past 30 years, both the number of studies and the number of services addressed per study have steadily grown, and valuation methods have become more inclusive of multiple values. The cases reveal lessons for ESV practice. Insights are that ESV should increasingly: (i) recognize strong interconnections between ecosystems and between human and environmental systems; (ii) move towards more integrated valuation methods that better capture the diverse values of nature; and (iii) be based on an iterative process where knowledge and decision-support tools are co-created with decision-makers and stakeholders.
Breast-feeding duration and child eating characteristics in relation to later vegetable intake in 2–6-year-old children in ten studies throughout Europe
Authors: de Wild Victoire WT , Jager Gerry , Olsen Annemarie , Costarelli Vassiliki , Boer Eric , Zeinstra Gertrude G 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveBreast-feeding is thought to facilitate young children’s acceptance of new foods, including vegetables, but the evidence for this relationship appears inconsistent across studies. Increasing children’s vegetable intake remains challenging; therefore the present study aimed to investigate whether breast-feeding duration predicts vegetable intake in 2–6-year-old children.DesignActual vegetable intake was measured in studies across three European countries. General linear model analyses with breast-feeding duration, sex and age of the child and maternal education as variables were used to predict children’s vegetable intake per country. Additionally, the relationships between child eating behaviour characteristics (asked through the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) and vegetable intake were investigated via Pearson correlations.SettingDaycare centres, schools and home settings in Denmark, Greece and the Netherlands.SubjectsChildren aged 2–6 years (n750).ResultsBreast-feeding duration was positively associated with children’s vegetable intake at 2–6 years old in Denmark (P<0·01) and the Netherlands (P<0·05), but not in Greece (P=0·17). Age of the child, maternal education and sex of the child did not predict vegetable intake in our sample. All countries showed an inverse relationship between food neophobia and children’s vegetable intake and a positive relationship between vegetable liking and intake.ConclusionsThe present study found that breast-feeding duration is a predictor of later vegetable intake, but that current child eating behaviour characteristics, such as vegetable liking, food neophobia and enjoyment of food, also influence vegetable intake. Besides encouragement of breast-feeding duration, strategies that support vegetable liking and food enjoyment and decrease food neophobia are needed to support young children’s vegetable intake.
Wideband Gysel HMSIW power divider with high power-handling capability
Authors: Song Kaijun , Kong Te , Zhu Yu , Xu Hongxing , Jiang Lifei , Fan Yong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel Gysel power divider with high power-handling capability based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) has been presented in this paper. A HMSIW ring is used and good input/output impedance matching is achieved based on HMSIW-microstrip taper transition. Two microstrip stubs are introduced in HMSIW ring to assemble two isolation resistors to improve the isolation between the output ports. The even- and odd-mode analysis method is used for the presented circuit. A prototype of the presented power divider is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results show a reasonable agreement with the simulated ones.
Analysis of HTS circular patch antennas including radome effects
Authors: Bedra Sami , Bedra Randa , Benkouda Siham , Fortaki Tarek 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the resonant frequencies, quality factors and bandwidths of high Tc superconducting circular microstrip patches in the presence of a dielectric superstrate loading have been studied using Galerkin testing procedure in the Hankel transform domain. The exact Green's function of the grounded dielectric slab is used to derive an electric field integral equation for the unknown current distribution on the circular disc. Thus, surface waves, as well as space wave radiation, are included in the formulation. London's equations and the two-fluid model of Gorter and Casimir are used in the calculation of the complex surface impedance of the superconducting circular disc. Galerkin testing is used in the resolution of the electric field integral equation. Two solutions using two different basis sets to expand the unknown disk currents are developed. The first set of basis functions used is the complete set of transverse magnetic and transverse electric modes of a cylindrical cavity with magnetic side walls. The second set of basis functions used employ Chebyshev polynomials and enforce the current edge condition. The computed values for a wide range of variations of superstrate thickness and dielectric constant are compared with different theoretical and experimental values available in the open literature, showing close agreement. Results are showing that the superstrate parameters should always be kept into account in the design stage of the superconducting microstrip resonators.
Lexical Processing as Revealed by Lateralized Event-Related Brain Potentials
Authors: Koppehele-Gossel Judith , Schnuerch Robert , Gibbons Henning 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Neurocognitive models of written-word processing from low-level perceptual up to semantic analysis include the notion of a strongly left-lateralized posterior-to-anterior stream of activation. Two left-lateralized components in the event-related brain potential (ERP), N170 and temporo-parietal PSA (posterior semantic asymmetry; peak at 300 ms), have been suggested to reflect sublexical analysis and semantic processing, respectively. However, for intermediate processing steps, such as lexical access, no posterior left-lateralized ERP signature has yet been observed under single-word reading conditions. In combination with a recognition task, lexicality and depth of processing were varied. Left-minus-right difference ERPs optimally suited to accentuate left-lateralized language processes revealed an occipito-temporal processing negativity (210–270 ms) for all stimuli except alphanumerical strings. This asymmetry showed greater sensitivity to the combined effects of attention and lexicality than other ERPs in this time range (i.e., N170, P1, and P2). It is therefore introduced as “lexical asymmetry.”
Deciphering a 2 Gyr‐Long Thermal History From a Multichronometer (U‐Th)/He Study of the Phalaborwa Carbonatite, Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa
Authors: Baughman Jaclyn S. , Flowers Rebecca M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract(U‐Th)/He data were obtained for four minerals (baddeleyite‐BHe, titanite‐THe, zircon‐ZHe, apatite‐AHe) from the 2.06 Ga Phalaborwa carbonatite complex and nearby Archean basement of the Kaapvaal craton, South Africa. Our goals are to evaluate the relative He temperature sensitivities of these phases, better understand how radiation damage and other factors affect them, and inform aspects of the craton's thermal history. BHe dates overlap with Phalaborwa emplacement and record the highest temperatures of the dated phases. THe dates are 700–1,100 Ma and display a limited negative date‐eU correlation. ZHe dates are negatively correlated with eU, are younger (561–32 Ma) and have higher eU than the THe data, with the highest‐eU grains younger than the AHe dates. AHe dates are reproducible with a mean of 107 ± 7 Ma. The THe and ZHe data show radiation damage reduction of their He retentivities manifested as the negative date‐eU correlations. Alpha dose estimates for zircon are several orders of magnitude higher than for titanite, consistent with the ZHe dates recording lower temperatures and a younger portion of the history than the THe dates. Thermal history modeling yields time‐temperature paths that (1) explain the AHe, ZHe, and THe data while honoring existing geologic constraints, thus demonstrating the internal consistency of the data set, (2) imply possible reheating during Namaqua‐Natal orogenesis, and (3) limit maximum probable temperatures to ∼180°C during 300–183 Ma Karoo basin burial. The results show that exploiting multiple (U‐Th)/He thermochronometers and radiation damage effects can provide new insights into long‐term craton evolution.
Improved SST‐Precipitation Intraseasonal Relationships in the ECMWF Coupled Climate Reanalysis
Authors: Feng Xiangbo , Haines Keith , Liu Chunlei , de Boisséson Eric , Polo Irene 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has produced the ocean‐atmosphere coupled reanalysis for the twentieth century, CERA‐20C, following on from the similar but atmosphere‐only reanalysis ERA‐20C. Here we demonstrate the capability of CERA‐20C in producing more physically consistent ocean and atmosphere boundary conditions, by focusing on sea surface temperature (SST)‐precipitation intraseasonal relationships. CERA‐20C reproduces well the observed SST‐precipitation correlations, while these relationships are poorly represented in ERA‐20C, with the greatest discrepancies in the early 1900s. The improved relationships in CERA‐20C are due to intraseasonal improvements in SST that are not present in the external HadISST2 product. In CERA‐20C, SST‐precipitation relationships are slightly weaker in the 1900s than in the 2000s, mainly due to differences in the assimilated observation density. We also find that the coupled model initialized from CERA‐20C in the 2000s realistically simulates these relationships, while relaxing SST toward HadISST2 tends to damp these relationships. CERA‐20C has improved mean and variance in precipitation over ERA‐20C, but these are mostly due to improvements in the atmospheric model and not due to coupled feedbacks.
Growing Land‐Sea Temperature Contrast and the Intensification of Arctic Cyclones
Authors: Day Jonathan J. , Hodges Kevin I. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCyclones play an important role in the coupled dynamics of the Arctic climate system on a range of time scales. Modeling studies suggest that storminess will increase in Arctic summer due to enhanced land‐sea thermal contrast along the Arctic coastline, in a region known as the Arctic Frontal Zone (AFZ). However, the climate models used in these studies are poor at reproducing the present‐day Arctic summer cyclone climatology and so their projections of Arctic cyclones and related quantities, such as sea ice, may not be reliable. In this study we perform composite analysis of Arctic cyclone statistics using AFZ variability as an analog for climate change. High AFZ years are characterized both by increased cyclone frequency and dynamical intensity, compared to low years. Importantly, the size of the response in this analog suggests that General Circulation Models may underestimate the response of Arctic cyclones to climate change, given a similar change in baroclinicity.
Dripplons as localized and superfast ripples of water confined between graphene sheets
Authors: Yoshida Hiroaki , Kaiser Vojtěch , Rotenberg Benjamin , Bocquet Lydéric 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCarbon materials have unveiled outstanding properties as membranes for water transport, both in 1D carbon nanotube and between 2D graphene layers. In the ultimate confinement, water properties however strongly deviate from the continuum, showing exotic properties with numerous counterparts in fields ranging from nanotribology to biology. Here, by means of molecular dynamics, we show a self-organized inhomogeneous structure of water confined between graphene sheets, whereby the very strong localization of water defeats the energy cost for bending the graphene sheets. This leads to a two-dimensional water droplet accompanied by localized graphene ripples, which we call “dripplon.” Additional osmotic effects originating in dissolved impurities are shown to further stabilize the dripplon. Our analysis also reveals a counterintuitive superfast dynamics of the dripplons, comparable to that of individual water molecules. They move like a (nano-) ruck in a rug, with water molecules and carbon atoms exchanging rapidly across the dripplon interface.
Purification and characterization of antioxidant peptides from cooked eggs using a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model in vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cells
Authors: Wang Jiapei , Liao Wang , Nimalaratne Chamila , Chakrabarti Subhadeep , Wu Jianping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAntioxidant peptides derived from food sources are considered as safer alternatives to commercially available antioxidant drugs. As one of the most abundant protein sources, hen’s egg proteins were extensively used to produce antioxidant peptides by enzymatic hydrolysis. Our previous work indicated that gastrointestinal digestion of cooked eggs significantly increased the antioxidant activity due to hydrolysis of egg proteins. To characterize the responsible antioxidant peptides, cooked eggs were digested in a simulated in vitro model of human gastro-intestinal digestion. Prepared digests were fractionated with FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography) and RP-HPLC (Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) and the antioxidant activity was determined in A7r5 cells (vascular smooth muscle cell line). Further identification of peptides from peptide fractions with the highest antioxidant activity was carried out using LC-MS/MS. Four peptides derived from ovalbumin, DSTRTQ (48–53), DKLPG (61–65), DVYSF (96–100), and ESKPV (205–209), were identified; of which DKLPG did not show antioxidant activity in cells. Enzyme cleave analysis suggested that these four peptides were likely released from ovalbumin only by pepsin non-specific cleaves. It is postulated that egg consumption may exert protection against oxidative stress on human health due to release of antioxidant peptides during digestion.
Incidental haptic sensations influence judgment of crimes
Authors: Schaefer Michael , Cherkasskiy Lillia , Denke Claudia , Spies Claudia , Song Hyunjin , Malahy Sean , Heinz Andreas , Ströhle Andreas , Bargh John A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractExtralegal factors may influence judicial outcomes. Here we investigated the experience of incidental haptic sensations on the harshness of punishment recommendations. Based on recent theories of embodiment, which claim that cognitive representations are structured by metaphorical mappings from sensory experience, we hypothesized that tactile priming with hard objects would cause subjects to recommend harsher sentences (to be ‘hard on crime’). Furthermore, the theory of embodiment predicts that this effect should be based on sensorimotor brain activation during the judging process. In order to test this we presented participants with scenarios that described various crimes while scanning their brain activity with fMRI. Participants were then asked to rate how severely they would sentence the delinquents. Before the scenarios, the participants were primed by touching either a hard or a soft object. Results revealed tha t hard priming led participants to recommend harder punishments. These results were accompanied by activation of somatosensory brain areas during the judging phase. This outcome is in line with simulation assumptions of the embodiment theory and proposes a central role of the sensorimotor cortices for embodied metaphors. Thus, incidental tactile experiences can influence our abstract cognitions and even how hard we are on criminals.
HadD, a novel fatty acid synthase type II protein, is essential for alpha- and epoxy-mycolic acid biosynthesis and mycobacterial fitness
Authors: Lefebvre Cyril , Boulon Richard , Ducoux Manuelle , Gavalda Sabine , Laval Françoise , Jamet Stevie , Eynard Nathalie , Lemassu Anne , Cam Kaymeuang , Bousquet Marie-Pierre , Bardou Fabienne , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Daffé Mamadou , Quémard Annaïk 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMycolic acids (MAs) have a strategic location within the mycobacterial envelope, deeply influencing its architecture and permeability, and play a determinant role in the pathogenicity of mycobacteria. The fatty acid synthase type II (FAS-II) multienzyme system is involved in their biosynthesis. A combination of pull-downs and proteomics analyses led to the discovery of a mycobacterial protein, HadD, displaying highly specific interactions with the dehydratase HadAB of FAS-II. In vitro activity assays and homology modeling showed that HadD is, like HadAB, a hot dog folded (R)-specific hydratase/dehydratase. A hadD knockout mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis produced only the medium-size alpha’-MAs. Data strongly suggest that HadD is involved in building the third meromycolic segment during the late FAS-II elongation cycles, leading to the synthesis of the full-size alpha- and epoxy-MAs. The change in the envelope composition induced by hadD inactivation strongly altered the bacterial fitness and capacities to aggregate, assemble into colonies or biofilms and spread by sliding motility, and conferred a hypersensitivity to the firstline antimycobacterial drug rifampicin. This showed that the cell surface properties and the envelope integrity were greatly affected. With the alarmingly increasing case number of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases, HadD appears as an attractive target for drug development.
Unusual sulfur isotope effect and extremely high critical temperature in H3S superconductor
Authors: Szczęśniak Radosław , Durajski Artur P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecent experiments have set a new record for the transition temperature at which a material (hydrogen sulfide, H3S) becomes superconducting. Moreover, a pronounced isotope shift of T
C
in D3S is evidence of an existence of phonon-mediated pairing mechanism of superconductivity that is consistent with the well established Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer scenario. Herein, we reported a theoretical studies of the influence of the substitution of 32S atoms by the heavier isotopes 33S, 34S and 36S on the electronic properties, lattice dynamics and superconducting critical temperature of H3S. There are two equally fundamental results presented in this paper. The first one is an anomalous sulfur-derived superconducting isotope effect, which, if observed experimentally, will be subsequent argument that proves to the classical electron-phonon interaction. The second one is fact that critical temperature rise to extremely high value of 242 K for H336S at 155 GPa. This result brings us closer to the room temperature superconductivity.
Fatigue Related to Speech Processing in Children With Hearing Loss: Behavioral, Subjective, and Electrophysiological Measures
Authors: Gustafson Samantha J. , Key Alexandra P. , Hornsby Benjamin W. Y. , Bess Fred H. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine fatigue associated with sustained and effortful speech-processing in children with mild to moderately severe hearing loss.

Method

We used auditory P300 responses, subjective reports, and behavioral indices (response time, lapses of attention) to measure fatigue resulting from sustained speech-processing demands in 34 children with mild to moderately severe hearing loss (
M
= 10.03 years,
SD
= 1.93).

Results
Compared to baseline values, children with hearing loss showed increased lapses in attention, longer reaction times, reduced P300 amplitudes, and greater reports of fatigue following the completion of the demanding speech-processing tasks.

Conclusions
Similar to children with normal hearing, children with hearing loss demonstrate reductions in attentional processing of speech in noise following sustained speech-processing tasks—a finding consistent with the development of fatigue.
LADAR‐based collision warning sensor to prevent over‐height vehicle bridge hits
Authors: Singhal Abhishek , Kamga Camille , Agrawal Anil Kumar 
Published: April 2018

Impacts by over‐height (OH) vehicles on bridges, commonly known as ‘bridge hits’, cause significant risk to safety and preservation of transportation infrastructure in the USA. Currently, available over‐height vehicle detection systems (OHVDs) have specific site requirements, extremely high installation costs, and propensity for false alarms, which limit their field deployment to few locations. This study describes a new, enhanced LADAR‐based OHVDs (L‐OHVDs), which can be installed on the face of a structure to be protected and can measure the height of an approaching vehicle before the safe stopping distance from the structure. Built using off‐the‐shelf components and a patent pending optical design, it exhibits enhanced features like vehicle detection, actual height measurement, and collision prediction with no reported false alarms. The developed prototype has a detection range of 220 ft with height measurement accuracy (±0.66 inches) that is better than currently available OHVDs. This system has exceptional precision and is well suited to detect OH trucks and tractor trailers approaching a low vertical clearance bridge. With superior performance and cost‐effective installation, the proposed L‐OHVDs has the potential to reduce occurrences of ‘bridge hits’, thereby limiting consequences such as congestion and damages to bridge while sustaining safety of motorists.
Integration of renewable energy sources in dynamic economic load dispatch problem using an improved fireworks algorithm
Authors: Jadoun Vinay Kumar , Pandey Vipin Chandra , Gupta Nikhil , Niazi Khaleequr Rehman , Swarnkar Anil 
Published: April 2018

In electrical power system, economic load dispatch is a generic operation for optimal sharing of generation units to meet the system load. With the rapid development of the renewable infrastructure and wide encouragement for green energy have emerged hybrid generating systems in power systems. However, there continuous ever‐increasing production is creating challenges as well as implicating economic factor also in operation. A collective cost function is considered with the conventional thermal generators along with the consideration of renewable energy sources to envisage the economic factor. For these renewable sources, like wind and solar, the proportional cost, their uncertainty and variability by overestimation and underestimation cost are considered. To achieve this economic day‐ahead scheduling, dynamic operation in time scale of 1 h interval is performed. The stochastic nature of wind and solar is modelled by Weibull and Beta distributions, respectively. Moreover, economic optimisation is obtained by a newly developed algorithm called improved fireworks algorithm with non‐uniform operator (IFWA‐NMO). This introduces adaptive dimension strategy, limiting mapping operator and non‐uniform operator. The effectiveness of proposed IFWA‐NMO is investigated on standard dynamic economic load dispatch (DELD) system and also employed to solve conventional DELD with wind‐solar system.