bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Stability of Monolithic Catalysts: The Influence Mechanism of Primer on the Washcoat Adhesion to the Metallic Substrates
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Dongfang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe mechanical stability of monolithic catalysts significantly impacts the performance of industrial monolithic reactors, because the washcoat layer usually shows bad adhesion to the substrate. In this paper, to obtain washcoated monolith with high mechanical stability, a modified method is chosen: A primer is introduced first and an alumina slurry coating is further washcoated on FeCrAl alloy foils. Advisable coating compositions are determined and it is found that the calcination of primer has an obviously bad influence on the washcoat adhesion property. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of primer on the washcoat adhesion is discussed. It is speculated that the cross‐linkings between the alumina particles and PEG make the primer disperse homogeneously and connect tightly with the pretreated metallic substrate. When coating the second slurry layer, the dissolution of primer will narrow the gap between the primer and the slurry coating layer, which makes the particles at the primer‐slurry interface connect together, and all of these are conductive to obtain homogeneous and tightness washcoat, showing good adhesion to the metallic substrate.
Growth of Hierarchical MnO2 Nanospike on Three‐Dimensional Carbon Network for Enhancing Rechargeability as High‐rate Alkaline Battery Cathode
Authors: Zhou Lin‐Nan , Zhang Jing‐Xuan , Xu Meng‐Ying , Kuang Wen‐Tao , Liu Hong‐Tao , Li Yong‐Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMnO2 material has been widely utilized in primary batteries because of its high theoretical capacity, rich resources, and low cost, which, however, does not exhibit satisfactory reversible capacity and cycle life when used as a secondary battery cathode. To upgrade the rechargeability of MnO2 material, we herein fabricated a hierarchical nanocomposite by in‐situ growth of MnO2 nanostructure on carbonized melamine sponge (MnO2/C). The optimized MnO2/C nanostructure consisting of hierarchical nanospikes shows a high reversible capacity of 205 mAh⋅g‐1 at 1 C and retained 96% of its initial capacity after 400 cycles, and even at 5 C (i. e. 1540 mA⋅g‐1), the capacity retention still reaches 90% after 400 cycles, indicative of its remarkable high‐rate cycling stability. This study provides a new avenue for designing high‐rate rechargeable MnO2 cathode and may further advance the development of MnO2‐based secondary batteries.
The Use of Lewis Acids for Repairing Chemoselectivity of the Organocatalyzed Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Reaction
Authors: Fallek Amit , Portnoy Moshe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA substantial improvement in the chemoselectivity of the Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman reaction was realized by adding a diimino‐ or diaminopyridine coordination site within the backbone of bis‐imidazole organocatalysts and using Lewis acids situated at this coordination site. The optimal outcome of 90–95% selectivity was achieved by proper matching of the catalyst/additive pair, as well as their respective amount (0.4 equiv. of AgOAc per 1 equiv. of diaminopyridine‐incorporating catalyst).
Creation of DABCO‐Based Amphoteric Ionic Liquid Supported TiO2 Nanoparticles: Execution of Amplified Catalytic Properties on Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrroles
Authors: Mondal Priya , Chatterjee Sauvik , Bhaumik Asim , Maity Suvendu , Ghosh Prasanta , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis is the first report of DABCO based amphoteric ionic liquid supported TiO2 nanoparticles, a supported catalyst with an ionic liquid layer (SCILL). It is highly efficient, recyclable, quasi heterogeneous catalyst for microwave assisted solvent free synthesis. Highly polar DABCO based ionic liquid with high dielectric constant of titanium dioxide nanoparticles enables the system as efficient microwave irradiation absorber. Amplified catalytic properties of this new combined green catalytic system have been first time implemented for the chromatography‐free synthesis of highly functionalised pyrrole moieties under microwave assisted solvent‐free conditions. The generation of catalyst and ionic liquid capping over titanium dioxide nanoparticles were characterised via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Powder X‐Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Energy Dispersive Analysis X‐ray (EDAX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR spectra). This combined quasi heterogeneous twin catalytic system, containing both acidic and basic environment afford the desired products in excellent yields within short reaction time. Here, the catalytic effect featuring the synergetic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and amphoteric DABCO based ionic liquid were magnificently tethered.
Thermochromic Behavior of Azobenzene‐based Coordination Polymer with Reversible Breathing Process
Authors: Chen Weijun , Lu Wenxiu , Xie Jieling , Song Lijun , Sa Rongjian , Song Jun‐Ling 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA multiple stimuli‐responsive coordination polymer, namely, [Zn(H2O)6][Zn4Na2L4(H2O)12](H2O)12 (1) (H3L=5‐(4‐Sulfophenylazo) salicylic acid), was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. It reveals a 2D elastic layer‐structured framework, forming a three‐dimensional (3D) interlinked networks driven by extensive π…π stacking interactions. Removing water molecules by heating or vacuum freeze drying, it not only shows a reversible thermo‐chromism but also exhibits a selective gas absorption and breathing effect. In addition, this material exhibits skeleton stability under reversible dehydration/hydration. The reversible thermochromic behaviour is mainly attributed to the change of the coordination environment of Zn2+ ions during the dehydration/hydration process. Furthermore, the film of 1 on the polylactic acid (PLA) support displayed similar reversible thermochromic behaviour with high sensitivity (large color‐change and rapid response upon cooling or heating), promoting its application in switching fibres and devices, and naked‐eye colorimetric sensor in the future.
On‐Surface Synthesis of 8‐ and 10‐Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Sun Kewei , Ji Penghui , Zhang Junjie , Wang Jinxi , Li Xuechao , Xu Xin , Zhang Haiming , Chi Lifeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractArmchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) with 8 and 10 carbon atoms in width (8‐ and 10‐AGNRs) are synthesized on Au (111) surfaces via lateral fusion of nanoribbons that belong to different subfamilies. Poly‐para‐phenylene (3‐AGNR) chains are pre‐synthesized as ladder ribbons on Au (111). Subsequently, synthesized 5‐ and 7‐AGNRs can laterally fuse with 3‐AGNRs upon annealing at higher temperature, producing 8‐ and 10‐AGNRs, respectively. The synthetic process, and their geometric and electronic structures are characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). STS investigations reveal the band gap of 10‐AGNR (2.0 ± 0.1 eV) and a large apparent band gap of 8‐AGNRs (2.3 ± 0.1 eV) on Au (111) surface.
Advances in Biological Liquid Crystals
Authors: Zhao Jianguo , Gulan Utku , Horie Takafumi , Ohmura Naoto , Han Jun , Yang Chao , Kong Jie , Wang Steven , Xu Ben Bin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBiological liquid crystals, a rich set of soft materials with rod‐like structures widely existing in nature, possess typical lyotropic liquid crystalline phase properties both in vitro (e.g., cellulose, peptides, and protein assemblies) and in vivo (e.g., cellular lipid membrane, packed DNA in bacteria, and aligned fibroblasts). Given the ability to undergo phase transition in response to various stimuli, numerous practices are exercised to spatially arrange biological liquid crystals. Here, a fundamental understanding of interactions between rod‐shaped biological building blocks and their orientational ordering across multiple length scales is addressed. Discussions are made with regard to the dependence of physical properties of nonmotile objects on the first‐order phase transition and the coexistence of multi‐phases in passive liquid crystalline systems. This work also focuses on how the applied physical stimuli drives the reorganization of constituent passive particles for a new steady‐state alignment. A number of recent progresses in the dynamics behaviors of active liquid crystals are presented, and particular attention is given to those self‐propelled animate elements, like the formation of motile topological defects, active turbulence, correlation of orientational ordering, and cellular functions. Finally, future implications and potential applications of the biological liquid crystalline materials are discussed.
Interfacial Assembly of Signal Amplified Multienzymes and Biorecognized Antibody into Proteinosome for an Ultrasensitive Immunoassay
Authors: Yan Xu , Wang Tingting , Yao Dong , Xu Jiayun , Luo Quan , Liu Junqiu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEnzyme as signal tag has been widely employed in colorimetric immunoassays for decades. Nevertheless, it remains a great challenge to substantially improve the detection sensitivity of enzyme‐based immunoassays, which inhibits further critical applications. To circumvent this confinement, a multifunctional self‐assembled proteinosome based on the integration of signal amplification elements (enzyme) and biorecognition unit (antibody) is proposed for fabricating an immunoassay strategy with significantly enhanced sensitivity. Owing to the self‐assembly technique, this proteinosome not only efficiently loads abundant enzymes to possess high catalytic activity, but also enhances enzymatic stability and maintains recognition ability of antibody. Using imidacloprid as a model target, the proteinosome‐based immunoassay reaches a limit of detection down to the picogram mL−1 level, which is 150‐fold lower than that of conventional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. This method provides a versatile approach for constructing spherical proteinosome as a recognizer and amplifier for profiling a broad range of target antigen.
Layered Electrodes Based on 3D Hierarchical Porous Carbon and Conducting Polymers for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zeng Shuaibo , Li Xin , Zhong Hai , Chen Shaowei , Mai Yaohua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEasy dissolution of polysulfides and low loading of active materials are two major factors that limit the cathode cycling stability and energy density in lithium‐sulfur batteries. Herein, 3D hierarchical carbon with abundant pores is used for sulfur encapsulation (S@DHPC), which achieves a high sulfur content of 74 wt% and high sulfur loading of 5.8 mg cm−2. Importantly, coating the obtained S@DHPC electrode with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conducting polymers is found to effectively impede the diffusion of polysulfide species, leading to marked improvement of the cycling stability of the electrode; and the electrode performance increases with an increasing number of the S@DHPC/PEDOT:PSS layer. For a three‐layer electrode, at a current density of 2 C, it delivers a discharge capacity of 846 mAh g−1 in the first cycle and maintains a capacity of 716 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles, corresponding to a fading rate of only 0.033% cycle−1. Results from this study suggest that layered electrodes can be exploited as a unique electrode architecture for the fabrication of high‐performance lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol on the Surface of Graphene Based Nanocomposites: An Introduction and Review to it in Recent Studies
Authors: Ehsani A. , Heidari A. A. , Asgari R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis review gives an overview of the electrochemical investigations about the properties of various types of graphene composites in the ethanol oxidation. Various routes to provide appropriate graphene‐based materials required electrochemical techniques for investigation of different types of the materials as well as their performance and efficacy in ethanol oxidation are discussed in detail. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the incorporation of suitable materials, e. g. noble metals (graphene‐supported binary and ternary metal nanoparticles), metal oxides, conductive polymer, etc, with graphene results in excellent electrocatalytic activity, superb durability and selectivity in ethanol oxidation. Immobilization of electrocatalytically active NPs on graphene supports using physical approaches is considered as an effective route to prepare direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) anode catalysts.
Electrochemical Performance of Transition Metal‐Coordinated Polypyrrole: A Mini Review
Authors: Xie Yibing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe conductive polymer of polypyrrole can be acted as electroactive electrode material of supercapacitor due to reversible redox behavior and high capacitance. It usually suffers from low electrochemical stability due to the breakdown of polymer molecule chain in the long‐term charge and discharge process. The monometallic or bimetallic‐coordinated polypyrrole usually exhibits the improved electrochemical performance. The transition metal ions such as ruthenium, iron, copper and cobalt are adopted for the coordination modification. The transition metal‐coordinated polypyrrole includes the intrachain and interchain coordination structure between transition metal ion and nitrogen atom of pyrrole ring. It is able to reinforce the polymer molecule chain strength to overcome excessive volumetric swelling and shrinking during charge‐discharge process, improving the cycling stability and rate capability of polypyrrole. Accordingly, the transition metal‐coordinated polypyrrole keeps simultaneously high capacitance performance and electrochemical stability, acting as the promising conductive polymer‐based supercapacitor electrode material for effective energy storage.
Harnessing the Power of Video to Increase Classroom Text Discussion Quality
Authors: Matsumura Lindsay Clare , Zook‐Howell Dena , Bickel Donna DiPrima , Walsh Marguerite , Correnti Richard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe authors describe a method for integrating video into the work of elementary literacy coaches. Drawing on their research in developing an online application of a successful literacy‐coaching program called Content‐Focused Coaching, the authors describe an approach that coaches can use to reflect with teachers on their video recorded lessons to advance the quality of their classroom text discussions.
Modification of the Baltic Sea wind field by land‐sea interaction
Authors: Svensson Nina , Bergström Hans , Rutgersson Anna , Sahlée Erik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe wind and turbulence fields over a small, high‐latitude sea are investigated. These fields are highly influenced by the proximity to the coast, which is never more than 200 km away. Simulations with the WRF model over the Baltic Sea are compared with a simplified, stationary wind model driven by the synoptic forcing. The difference between the models is therefore representative of the mesoscale influence. The results show that the largest wind‐field modifications compared with a neutral atmosphere occur during spring and summer, with a mean monthly increase of up to approximately 1 ms−1 at typical hub heights and upper rotor area (120‐170 m height) in the WRF model. The main reason for this is large‐scale low‐level jets caused by the land‐sea temperature differences, likely increasing in strength due to inertial oscillations. These kind of events can be persistent for approximately 12 hours and cover almost the entire basin, causing wind speed and wind shear to increase considerably. The strongest effect is around 2000 to 2300 local time. Sea breezes and coastal low‐level jets are of less importance, but while sea breezes are mostly detected near the coastline, other types of coastal jets can extend large distances off the coast. During autumn and winter, there are fewer low‐level jet occurrences, but the wind profile cannot be explained by the classical theory of the one‐dimensional model. This indicates that the coastal environment is complex and may be affected by advection from land surfaces to a large degree even when unstable conditions dominate.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on FDI Attractiveness: Romania, Slovakia and Greece in Comparison
Authors: Kasapi Kalliopi , Lampou Andriana , Economakis George , Androulakis George , Zisimopoulos Ioannis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe main purpose of this contribution is to evaluate the key macroeconomic factors that may affect inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in Romania, Slovakia, and Greece in the context of European integration. Economic complexity, which depicts the level of economic development, is also examined as a factor that may influence inward FDI. Moreover, the research concentrates on how each country’s trade balance is affected by FDI and how the process of European integration affects external trade. In conclusion, the process of European integration seems to be connected with a general downgrading of all countries as receivers of FDI. Moreover, the effect of FDI on their trade balances is rather vague.
European Imbalances: The Sound and the Fury
Authors: Creel Jérôme 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs in the novel by William Faulkner, the perspective which is chosen to tell a story or, here, to explain a broad crisis matters a lot. The European crisis is no exception. Different views can explain the growing imbalances in the Eurozone, from the fiscal view to the labour market view. In this chapter, I critically review these separate explanations and highlight the necessity to gather the pieces to understand the full story. So doing, I can discuss the recent reforms (aggregate fiscal stance, productivity boards), the current agenda of reforms (e.g. Eurozone budget) and alternative proposals to enhance Eurozone governance, integration, and future development.
Somatic comorbidity in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Agnafors Sara , Norman Kjellström Anna , Torgerson Jarl , Rusner Marie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the adult population, psychiatric disorders are associated with somatic illness. Explanatory life style factors have been found, but also a failure to recognize somatic illness in this group. Another factor is side effects from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs. Given the psychiatric-somatic comorbidity in the adult population, it is of interest to investigate whether an association exists already during childhood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of somatic illness in children and adolescents with a psychiatric diagnose. Data were obtained from the regional health care database Vega, Sweden. Psychiatric and somatic diagnoses obtained during 2011–2013 for individuals aged 3–18 years were extracted. Descriptive statistics were used to examine difference in somatic morbidity between children with and without psychiatric diagnoses. Logistic regression was used in age-stratified models to test the association between psychiatric and somatic diagnoses. Anxiety and behavioral disorders were associated with all somatic conditions investigated at nearly all ages. The same applied to substance use, investigated at age 9–18 years. Affective disorders were associated with all somatic conditions at age 12–18 years. Psychotic conditions were associated with asthma, bowel disorders and myalgia in adolescents. Children with psychiatric disorders are at remarkably high risk for concurrent somatic illness. The associations span across many types of conditions and across all ages. The results support the need for awareness of somatic morbidity in child and adolescent psychiatric clinical settings, and the need for coordinated health care for children with comorbid states.
Process-Structure-Property Modeling for Severe Plastic Deformation Processes Using Orientation Imaging Microscopy and Data-Driven Techniques
Authors: Fernandez-Zelaia Patxi , Melkote Shreyes N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMachining is a severe plastic deformation process, wherein the workpiece material is subjected to high deformation rates and temperatures. During metal machining, the dynamic recrystallization mechanism causes grain refinement into the sub-micron range. In this study, we investigate the microstructure evolution of oxygen-free high conductivity copper (OFHC Cu) subject to a machining process where the cutting speed and rake angle are controlled to manipulate the process strain, strain rate, and temperatures. Microstructures of the deformed chips are quantified using orientation imaging microscopy and novel statistical descriptors that capture the morphology and local lattice misorientations generated during the several mechanistic stages of the dynamic recrystallization process. Mechanical properties of the resulting chips are quantified using spherical nanoindentation protocols. A multiple output Gaussian process regression model is used to simultaneously model the structure-property evolution, which differs from more common approaches that establish such relationships sequentially. This modeling strategy is particularly attractive since it can flexibly provide both structure and property uncertainty estimates. In addition, the statistical modeling framework allows for the inclusion of multi-fidelity data. The statistical metrics utilized serve as efficient microstructure descriptors, which retain the physics of the observed structures without having to introduce ad hoc microstructure feature definitions.
Diagnosis and Management of Non-Purulent Cellulitis in the Emergency Department
Authors: Yadav Krishan , Rosenberg Hans , Eagles Debra , Suh Kathryn N. 
Published: March 2019

A 47-year-old homeless male presents to the emergency department (ED) with right lower extremity swelling, erythema and pain. He has diabetes mellitus, and had one prior episode of cellulitis three months ago affecting the same leg. He has a history of medication noncompliance. At triage, his temperature is 38.3°C but the remaining vital signs are unremarkable. On examination of the affected leg, there is an approximately 10 × 10 cm area of erythema, induration and increased warmth. There is mild tenderness to palpation and you wonder if there is a small degree of fluctuance. There is no lymphangitis, crepitus, necrosis or pain out of proportion to clinical findings.