bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shifts in Climatic Limitations on Global Vegetation Productivity Unveiled by Shapley Additive Explanation: Reduced Temperature but Increased Water Limitations
Authors: Xie Jiangliu , Yin Gaofei , Xie Qiaoyun , Wu Chaoyang , Yuan Wenping , Zeng Yelu , Verger Aleixandre , Descals Adrià , Filella Iolanda , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlobal fluctuations in vegetation productivity are intricately tied to climatic variability, but how climate change will alter climatic limitations on productivity is unclear. Here, we used shapley additive explanation (SHAP), a novel technique based on game theory, for identifing the contributions of climatic factors to vegetation productivity. We also delineated climatic limitations on productivity and traced their temporal evolution during 1982–2018 using the SHAP values. The results identified that, in temperate, boreal, and polar zones, temperature primarily limited productivity during the early growing season, and temperature and radiation jointly limited productivity during the peack and late growing season. In contrast, water and radiation predominantly limited productivity mainly in arid and equatorial zones, respectively. We also observed an alleviated temperature but an intensified water limitations on productivity across different months. The alleviated temperature limitation was particularly notable in June for the northern hemisphere (July for the southern hemisphere), with the temperature‐constrained area decreasing significantly at a rate of 2.2‰/y (1.2‰/y). In contrast, the exacerbation of water limitation was most pronounced in June (September), with the water‐constrained area expanding significantly at a rate of 2.8‰/y (3.3‰/y). Our findings underscore the imperative for a more explicit incorporation of the impact of water limitation in understanding regional and global carbon dynamics under a warming climate.
Investigation and management of resistant hypertension: British and Irish Hypertension Society position statement
Authors: Faconti Luca , George Jacob , Partridge Sarah , Maniero Carmen , Sathyanarayanan Abilash , Kulkarni Spoorthy , Kapil Vikas , Petrosino Alfredo , Lewis Philip , McCormack Terry , Poulter Neil R. , Heagerty Anthony , Wilkinson Ian B. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPeople living with resistant hypertension (RH) are at high risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The British and Irish Hypertension Society has identified suspected RH as a condition for which specialist guidance may improve rates of blood pressure control and help clinicians identify those individuals who may benefit from specialist review. In this position statement we provide a practical approach for the investigation and management of adults with RH. We highlight gaps in the current evidence and identify important future research questions. Our aim is to support the delivery of high-quality and consistent care to people living with RH across the UK and Ireland.
Relationship between the heterogeneity in particle dynamics and network topology in transient networks via a microrheological study
Authors: Nakamura Koshiro , Michida Shota , Naito Mitsuru , Chung Ung-il , Katashima Takuya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoft materials encompass various hierarchical structures that determine their mechanical properties. However, the relationships between these hierarchical structures and mechanical properties remain unclear owing to a lack of studies on local information and the difficulty in controlling hierarchical structures. Herein, we demonstrate a multiple particle tracking method, which is a representative microrheological measurement method, within transient networks with a precisely controlled network topology. This is the most basic parameter of hierarchical structures. Our results reveal that the heterogeneity in particle dynamics is enhanced and reaches a maximum at the percolation threshold, which is a universal phenomenon in sol–gel transitions. Notably, this study is the first to report that the heterogeneity in particle dynamics within transient networks established via reversible bonds exhibits characteristics similar to those of percolation phenomena in hydrogels. These insights provide a basis for examining the relationships between the mechanical properties and hierarchical structures of soft materials.
Phenotypic subtypes of Xia-Gibbs syndrome: a latent class analysis
Authors: Jiang Nan , Zhang Liyuan , Zheng Zeyan , Du Hanze , Chen Shi , Pan Hui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractXia-Gibbs syndrome (XGS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with considerable clinical heterogeneity. To further characterize the syndrome’s heterogeneity, we applied latent class analysis (LCA) on reported cases to identify phenotypic subtypes. By searching PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases from inception to February 2024, we enrolled 97 cases with nonsense, frameshift or missense variants in the AHDC1 gene. LCA was based on the following 6 phenotypes with moderate occurrence and low missingness: ataxia, seizure, autism, sleep apnea, short stature and scoliosis. After excluding cases with missing data on all LCA variables or with unmatched phenotype-genotype information, a total of 85 cases were selected for LCA. Models with 1–5 classes were compared based on Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, Sample-Size Adjusted BIC and entropy. We used multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analyses to investigate the phenotype-genotype association and potential predictors for class membership. LCA revealed 3 distinct classes labeled as Ataxia subtype (n = 11 [12.9%]), Sleep apnea & short stature subtype (n = 23 [27.1%]) and Neuropsychological subtype (n = 51 [60.0%]). The commonest Neuropsychological subtype was characterized by high estimated probabilities of seizure, ataxia and autism. By adjusting for sex, age and variant type, MLR showed no significant association between phenotypic subtype and variant position. Age and variant type were identified as predictors of class membership. The findings of this review offer novel insights for different presentations of XGS. It is possible to deliver targeted monitoring and treatment for each subtype in the early stage.
Intracisternal vs intraventricular injection of AAV1 result in comparable, widespread transduction of the dog brain
Authors: Hunter Jacqueline E. , Vite Charles H. , Molony Caitlyn M. , O’Donnell Patricia A. , Wolfe John H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWidespread distribution of transduced brain cells following delivery of AAV vectors into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the cisterna magna (CM) has been demonstrated in large animal brains. In humans, intraventricular injection is preferred to intracisternal injection for CSF delivery due to the risk of brain stem injury. One study in the dog reported adverse reactions to AAV vectors expressing GFP injected into the lateral ventricle but not when injected into the CM. In contrast, AAV expressing mammalian genes in diseased animals have not triggered adverse responses since many genetic diseases also have compromised immune systems. Differences in circulation of CSF from each site could potentially affect vector spread within the brain, but a direct comparison has not been made using both a mammalian gene and immunologically normal animals. In this study we evaluated the dopamine-2-receptor (D2R) variant D2R80A, which is inactivated for intracellular signaling and has been used as a reporter gene in large animal brains. No adverse reactions to the D2R80A gene were observed from either injection route in normal dogs and both routes resulted in comparable distribution of D2R80A within the brain.
Enhancing transformer windings monitoring: An approach using longitudinal branch‐circuit conductance analysis
Authors: Kong Xiangping , Bin Zijun , Li Jiansheng , Liu Shiming , Zhao Wenchen , Wu Mengfei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe operating environment of transformers is getting more complex with the emergence of new energy sources and power electronic devices. This complexity can cause minor internal faults in transformer windings. Under the cumulative effect, minor faults gradually develop into serious faults, resulting in transformer damage. Conventional differential protection systems may have difficulty detecting these glitches and require avoiding the problem of protection false activation caused by inrush currents. This paper proposes a new online monitoring method for transformer windings based on longitudinal branch‐circuit conductance to address this issue. First, a unified transformer equivalent circuit is proposed to represent transformers under normal conditions, inrush currents, and internal faults. Then, an online transformer monitoring method based on branch conductance is proposed, which is immune to inrush currents. This method aims to prevent delayed detection of faults during inrush currents, improving sensitivity and response speed, especially for minor turn‐to‐turn faults hidden in inrush currents. The proposed method also provides higher sensitivity to minor turn‐to‐turn faults and larger protection margins. Simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of this method.
Noncircular coherent signal direction of arrival estimation for coprime array: A subspace‐based interpolation approach
Authors: Shen Zihan , Hu Hao , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Xiaofei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo address the array aperture loss caused by mainstream direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms for coherent signals using matrix interpolation techniques, a non‐circular (NC) coherent signal direction‐finding method that fully utilises covariance matrix information is proposed. The received data is firstly extended by leveraging its NC properties. Then, eigenvalue decomposition is performed on the covariance matrix to extract the signal subspace, which is mapped to a uniform linear array signal subspace via a mapping matrix. The first row of the covariance matrix corresponding to the signal subspace is employed to construct a Toeplitz matrix, and nuclear norm minimisation method is applied to recover the missing information. Finally, to avoid extra NC phase searching, the reduced‐dimension method is applied to obtain the estimation results. Performance analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves improvements in computational complexity, source estimation capability, and estimation accuracy.
CHEOPS observations confirm nodal precession in the WASP-33 system
Authors: Smith A. M. S. , Csizmadia Sz. , Van Grootel V. , Lendl M. , Persson C. M. , Olofsson G. , Ehrenreich D. , Günther M. N. , Heitzmann A. , Barros S. C. C. , Bonfanti A. , Brandeker A. , Cabrera J. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Fossati L. , Harre J.-V. , Hooton M. J. , Hoyer S. , Kalman Sz. , Salmon S. , Sousa S. G. , Szabó Gy. M. , Wilson T. G. , Alibert Y. , Alonso R. , Asquier J. , Bárczy T. , Barrado D. , Baumjohann W. , Benz W. , Billot N. , Borsato L. , Broeg C. , Collier Cameron A. , Correia A. C. M. , Cubillos P. E. , Davies M. B. , Deleuil M. , Deline A. , Demory B.-O. , Derekas A. , Edwards B. , Egger J. A. , Erikson A. , Fortier A. , Fridlund M. , Gandolfi D. , Gazeas K. , Gillon M. , Güdel M. , Hasiba J. , Helling Ch. , Isaak K. G. , Kiss L. L. , Korth J. , Lam K. W. F. , Laskar J. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Magrin D. , Maxted P. F. L. , Merín B. , Mordasini C. , Nascimbeni V. , Ottensamer R. , Pagano I. , Pallé E. , Peter G. , Piazza D. , Piotto G. , Pollacco D. , Queloz D. , Ragazzoni R. , Rando N. , Rauer H. , Ribas I. , Santos N. C. , Scandariato G. , Ségransan D. , Simon A. E. , Stalport M. , Sulis S. , Udry S. , Ulmer-Moll S. , Venturini J. , Villaver E. , Viotto V. , Walter I. , Walton N. A. , Wolf S. 
Published: December 2024

Aims. We aim to observe the transits and occultations of WASP-33 b, which orbits a rapidly rotating δ Scuti pulsator, with the goal of measuring the orbital obliquity via the gravity-darkening effect, and constraining the geometric albedo via the occultation depth.
Methods. We observed four transits and four occultations with CHEOPS, and employ a variety of techniques to remove the effects of the stellar pulsations from the light curves, as well as the usual CHEOPS systematic effects. We also performed a comprehensive analysis of low-resolution spectral and Gaia data to re-determine the stellar properties of WASP-33.
Results. We measure an orbital obliquity 111.3−0.7+0.2 degrees, which is consistent with previous measurements made via Doppler tomography. We also measure the planetary impact parameter, and confirm that this parameter is undergoing rapid secular evolution as a result of nodal precession of the planetary orbit. This precession allows us to determine the second-order fluid Love number of the star, which we find agrees well with the predictions of theoretical stellar models. We are unable to robustly measure a unique value of the occultation depth, and emphasise the need for long-baseline observations to better measure the pulsation periods.
Modern radiotherapy for breast cancer: Update and new developments
Authors: Meixner Eva , Debus Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe delivery of radiotherapy for breast cancer has evolved significantly over the years. The aim of this review is to highlight important developments and current concepts. Postoperative hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal or intensity-modulated photon radiotherapy continues to be the standard application after breast-conserving surgery to improve local control. New therapy techniques in deep inspiration breath hold or physical-biological advantages of proton beam therapy offer innovative therapy methods with regard to the protection of normal tissue and reduced cardiotoxicity. Ultra-hypofractionated therapy concepts and the integration of a simultaneous integrated boost in hypofractionated therapy concepts also enable the duration of treatment to be reduced to a few days or weeks. In low-risk constellations, the radiation volume may also be de-escalated to partial breast irradiation, and if life expectancy is severely restricted at the same time, the omission of postoperative radiotherapy might be critically discussed. The oncological benefit of an irradiation of the regional lymph node regions continues to be confirmed in locally advanced, node-positive carcinomas and further enables the omission of surgical axillary lymph node dissection with low morbidity in individualized therapy approaches.
Stimmt es eigentlich, dass man über die Ernährung die Darmflora und damit die chronische Entzündung bei JIA beeinflussen kann?
Authors: Budzinski Lisa , Chang Hyun-Dong , Kallinich Tilmann 
Published: December 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEntzündungsprozesse über die Ernährung zu regulieren, birgt das attraktive Potenzial, medikamentöse Behandlungen zu unterstützen oder deren Reduktion zu ermöglichen, Entzündungsschübe zu unterbinden und die Familien der Betroffenen in die Behandlung zu integrieren. Dabei besteht derzeit vor allem die Chance, mittels der Ernährung die Darmflora der Patient*innen zu beeinflussen, im Fokus. Die Darmflora hat einen besonderen Einfluss auf die menschliche Gesundheit, da sie durch die ständige Interaktion mit dem Immunsystem im Darm Immunantworten mit formt. Eine nicht ausbalancierte Darmflora beeinträchtigt auch die Balance des Immunsystems und ist damit potenziell an dysregulierten Immunantworten, so wie sie bei der JIA vorkommen, beteiligt. Dass die Ernährung ein potenzieller Ansatz zur Modulation der Darmflora mit positivem Effekt auf die Symptomatik der JIA ist, erläutern wir anhand einiger Studien für JIA und Beispielen aus der rheumatoiden Arthritis. Die gefundenen Mechanismen hinter dem entzündungshemmenden Effekt unterschiedlicher Ernährungskonzepte sind vielfältig, involvieren verschiedene Immunzellen und Stoffwechselprodukte, aber sind vor allem von der Individualität der Patient*innen und deren Darmflora geprägt. Damit ergibt sich bezüglich der Ernährungsempfehlungen wenig Konkretes, aber dafür durch zukünftig gezieltes Einbeziehen der Darmflora in JIA-Studien die Chance auf personalisierte Therapieunterstützung.
A Single-Center Pilot Study of Therapeutic Apheresis in Patients with
Severe Post-COVID Syndrome
Authors: Korth Johannes , Steenblock Charlotte , Walther Romy , Barbir Mahmoud , Husung Michael , Velthof Ansgar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAfter the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients have reported chronic fatigue and
severe post-exertional malaise, with symptoms similar to those of myalgic
encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). The accumulation of
agonistic receptor autoantibodies targeting beta-adrenergic (β1 and β2) and
muscarinic (M3 and M4) neurotransmitter receptors may play a crucial role in the
pathomechanism of both ME/CFS and post-COVID conditions. Therapeutic apheresis
has been suggested as an effective treatment option for alleviating and
mitigating symptoms in this desperate group of patients. In this single-center
pilot study, we analyzed autoantibodies in a cohort of 20 post-COVID patients
before and after therapeutic apheresis. Apheresis resulted in a decline of β1 or
β2 adrenergic receptor antibodies in all patients. Additionally, the majority of
patients experienced a concurrent reduction in symptoms such as fatigue,
physical activity restrictions, myalgia, post-exertional malaise, and
concentration disorders. This study clearly demonstrates an association between
autoantibodies and the clinical improvement of post-COVID patients. Even if
future sham-controlled trials do not show a positive outcome, extracorporeal
apheresis may still be valuable for this patient group by temporarily improving
microperfusion and symptoms. Success in restoring patients to work and normal
life, as observed in many individuals after therapeutic apheresis, should be
recognized. Therefore, we believe that extracorporeal therapeutic apheresis, as
part of a multimodal treatment, should be considered an early intervention for
postinfectious syndromes in selected patients.
Tunable FSRS measurements with reduced background signals: Using an etalon filter to generate picosecond pump pulses in the 460–650 nm range
Authors: Lorenzo Emmaline R. , Karki Birendra , White Katie E. , Burns Kristen H. , Elles Christopher G. 
Published: December 2024

Generating wavelength-tunable picosecond laser pulses from an ultrafast laser source is essential for femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) measurements. Etalon filters produce narrowband (picosecond) pulses with an asymmetric temporal profile that is ideal for stimulated resonance Raman excitation. However, direct spectral filtering of femtosecond laser pulses is typically limited to the laser’s fundamental and harmonic frequencies due to very low transmission of broad bandwidth pulses through an etalon. Here, we show that a single etalon filter (15 cm−1 bandwidth; 172 cm−1 free spectral range) provides an efficient and tunable option for generating Raman pump pulses over a wide range of wavelengths when used in combination with an optical parametric amplifier and a second harmonic generation (SHG) crystal that has an appropriate phase-matching bandwidth for partial spectral compression before the etalon. Tuning the SHG wavelength to match individual transmission lines of the etalon filter gives asymmetric picosecond pump pulses over a range of 460–650 nm. Importantly, the SHG crystal length determines the temporal rise time of the filtered pulse, which is an important property for reducing background and increasing Raman signals compared with symmetric pulses having the same total energy. We examine the wavelength-dependent trade-off between spectral narrowing via SHG and the asymmetric pulse shape after transmission through the etalon. This approach provides a relatively simple and efficient method to generate tunable pump pulses with the optimum temporal profile for resonance-enhanced FSRS measurements across the visible region of the spectrum.
Time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging of vibrational wave packets in alkali dimers on helium nanodroplets
Authors: Jyde Nicolaj K. , Kristensen Henrik H. , Kranabetter Lorenz , Christensen Jeppe K. , Hansen Emil , Carlsen Mads B. , Stapelfeldt Henrik 
Published: December 2024

Vibrational wave packets are created in the lowest triplet state 13Σu+ of K2 and Rb2 residing on the surface of helium nanodroplets, through non-resonant stimulated impulsive Raman scattering induced by a moderately intense near-infrared laser pulse. A delayed, intense 50-fs laser pulse doubly ionizes the alkali dimers via multiphoton absorption and thereby causes them to Coulomb explode into a pair of alkali ions Ak+. From the kinetic energy distribution P(Ekin) of the Ak+ fragment ions, measured at a large number of delays, we determine the time-dependent internuclear distribution P(R, t), which represents the modulus square of the wave packet within the accuracy of the experiment. For both K2 and Rb2, P(R, t) exhibits a periodic oscillatory structure throughout the respective 300 and 100 ps observation times. The oscillatory structure is reflected in the time-dependent mean value of R, ⟨R⟩(t). The Fourier transformation of ⟨R⟩(t) shows that the wave packets are composed mainly of the vibrational ground state and the first excited vibrational state, in agreement with numerical simulations. In the case of K2, the oscillations are observed for 300 ps, corresponding to more than 180 vibrational periods with an amplitude that decreases gradually from 0.035 to 0.020 Å. Using time-resolved spectral analysis, we find that the decay time of the amplitude is ∼260 ps. The decrease is ascribed to the weak coupling between the vibrating dimers and the droplet.
Interfacial vs confinement effects in the anisotropic frequency-dependent dielectric, THz and IR response of nanoconfined water
Authors: Becker Maximilian R. , Netz Roland R. 
Published: December 2024

We investigate the anisotropic frequency-dependent dielectric, THz and IR response of liquid water confined between two planar graphene sheets with force-field- and density-functional-theory-based molecular dynamics simulations. Using spatially resolved anisotropic spectra, we demonstrate the critical role of the volume over which the spectral response is integrated when reporting spatially averaged electric susceptibilities. To analyze the spectra, we introduce a unique decomposition into bulk, interfacial, and confinement contributions, which reveals that confinement effects on the spectra occur only for systems with graphene separation below 1.4 nm, for all frequencies. Based on this decomposition, we discuss the molecular origin of the main absorption features of nanoconfined water from the GHz to the IR regime. We show that, at low frequencies, the 15 GHz Debye peak of interfacial water is redshifted due to a slowdown of collective water reorientations. At high frequencies, the OH stretch at 100 THz blue shifts and a signature of free OH groups emerges, while the HOH bend mode at 50 THz is redshifted. Strikingly, in nanoconfinement, the 20 THz libration band shifts to below 15 THz and broadens drastically, spanning two orders of magnitude in frequency. These results are rationalized by the collective water motion and the structure of the hydrogen-bond network at the water–graphene interface and in two-dimensional water layers, which reveals the intricate behavior of nanoconfined water and its spectral properties.