bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEMIKIRAN INTELEKTUAL MUSLIM TENTANG KRISTENISASI DI INDONESIA 1966-1998
Authors: Mansur Syafiin 
Published: February 2019

Christian is the second largest religion in Indonesia, after Islam. The relation between Christian and Islam frequently emerges prejudices, misunderstandings, and conflicts. Based on the historical records, Christians frequently refused the Government’s rules that have been agreed by the adherents of all religions in Indonesia due to the interests of Christianization developed from Portuguese and Dutch colonial era until the Independence Day of Indonesia. The efforts of Christianization seems more aggressive after the dissolution of the communist party and during New Order era. As a result, many communist people and the poors became the Christians at that time. The Christians’ efforts to convert the believers of other religions in Indonesia, especially Muslims, were done by various ways and forms, and they still continue to this day.This Paper answers several main research questions as follow: how is the portrait of Christianization In Indonesia from 1966-1998?; how are the responses of Mohammad Natsir, Hasbullah Bakry and Abujamin Roham as Muslim intellectuals in mapping Christianization in Indonesia?; and how are the efforts of these figures in stemming Christianization in Indonesia?. This paper hows that Christianization in Indonesia is still taking place up to the present. Even though on the name of social activities, the efforts of Christianization in the New Order era were conducted systematically, well-organized, and carefully planned so that they succeeded to convert Muslims to be Christians satisfactorily. Such condition was admitted by Mohammad Natsir, Hasbullah Bakry, and Abujamin Roham so that they strictly responded and stated that Christianization has violated Pancasila and UUD 1945 as well as infringed the ethics of proselytizing that potentially evoked prejudices, conflicts, and destruction of inter-religious harmony in Indonesia. Those three figures made serious efforts to weir Christianization in Indonesia by writing scientific works dealing with Christianization in Indonesia in order to fortify faith and strengthen the unity of Muslims, training and preparing professional proselytizers, performing dialogues and discussions, and fostering inter-religious harmony so as to create peace and unity of Indonesi.Keywords: Mohammad Natsir, Hasbullah Bakry, Abujamin Roham, Pemikiran, Intelektual, Kristenisasi, Toleransi, Kerukunan, Indoensia.
METODE QIYAS SEBAGAI LANDASAN EPISTEMOLOGI NAHWU
Authors: Jumhana Nana 
Published: February 2019

Qiyas (analogy) is one of several methods which had been used by Arabic linguist since the first generation until those who lived in the second century of Hijriyah in formulating Arabic grammars next to Sama' (orally transmitted material). The formulation of the grammars was aimed at conservating Arabic from any kinds of inference, considering that it was not only a mere treasure of the Arab, but also language of Islam after the revelation of Alqur'an. As an ephistemological basis of Arabic synthax, Qiyas serves as an analogy to some eloquent saying of the ancient Arabs. In so doing, Qiyas consists of four components: 1) maqis 'alaih (the source to which one thing is comparred), 2) maqis (the respected object to be comparred), 3) 'illah (the similar aspectls the both share), and 4) hukm (the verdict in search). In terms of it's kind, linguists devide it into three kinds: 1) qiyas al' illah, 2) qiyas at-tard, and qiyas as-syibhi. Even though some linguists argue against the using of Qiyas in formulating grammars, particularly for it is not in line with sima', also for it is considered to be built on subjective rationalisation, Qiyas is of great significance in language theorizing. The significance of Qiyas is not limited to the products demonstrated by traditional linguists. It also applies to our time too, particularly in developing Arabic language in all of it's aspects.
Keyword: Qiyas, Method, Taq id al-Nahwi, Mazhab Basrah, Mazhab Kufah
KEPRIBADIAN EKSTROVERT-INTROVERT DAN PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA KEDUA PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLINGUISTIK PADA SANTRI PONDOK MODERN
Authors: Syahid Ahmad Habibi 
Published: February 2019

Personality as one of the factors of language acquisition in modern cottage students. Open personality (extrovert) or closed personality (introvert) has keberpengaruhan on language acquisition. Both of these personalities, extrovert and introvert has a way, the model, as well as their own style in acquiring language. Language acquisition means the ability to use language that is obtained, especially in the four language skills, such as listening skills (listening abilities), speech (speaking ability), literacy (reading ability), and writing skills (writing abilities). Language acquisition is based on a process that is not conscious (subconscious). Therefore, extrovert or introvert personality has a different way of language acquisition. This is caused by differences in personality- type. Extroverts tend to be more open, while introverts tend to be closed. This study refers to Noam Chomsky thought with his theory in his book Transforming Generative entitled "Language and Mind" which says that humans have an innate trait in acquiring a language that is inborn. Extrovert and introvert personality characteristic of the human personality. Personality is a factor that affects language acquisition. This study used, a qualitative method with descriptive analysis approach to describe the findings of extrovert and introvert personality behavior in acquiring language. This study revealed that extrovert and introvert personality has a certain way and in acquiring language models. However, there are differences in the tendency towards acquiring the four language skills.
Key Words: Personality, Extrovert-Introvert, Second Language Acquisition, Pshycolinguistic, Student of Boarding School
Insya’ Tholabi Dalam Surat Al-MujaDilah
Authors: Qolby Darul 
Published: February 2019

This journal entitled al-Insya 'at -Ta alabiy fi Surati al-Mujadilah (Dirasah Tahliliyyah Tada wuliyyah). Writing this journal on the back of many found sentences, assuming that the sentence does not work as the original. But in other circumstances, some sentences have other functions that can be understood in context when the utterance is uttered. Therefore, the researcher is interested to study and examine the letter of al-Mujadilah by asking two questions formulation, firstly, how many verses are not conventionally interpreted in the letter of al-Muja> dilah ? Second, what verses that are not conventionally interpreted in surat al-Mujadilah? Third, what is the function of the verse that is not conventionally interpreted in surat al-Mujadilah? The purpose is to know how many numbers, sentences and sentence functions that contain speech acts in the letter al-Mujadilah. The theory that researchers use and proposed is a pragmatic theory that was promoted by Austin to act speech because only this theory that can dissect and describe the function or intention contained in the sentence that contains not functioned as it should. This research is a research library (library research) with materials or reference sources obtained from the library. The data analysis is done by qualitative method and presented with descriptive analysis method, so that can know the final result of research. Abstract: Insya 'at -Ta alabiy, al-Mujadilah, Tinda Tutur
Transformational Leadership Model in Islamic Education
Authors: Anshari Ismail , Tihalimah Tihalimah 
Published: February 2019

The transformational leadership leads its human resource into its elightment sensitivity, organisational development, collective vision, leadership delegation, and developing organisational culture which is a must in organisational restructure scheme. This leadership model would be able to accelerate the awareness of its followers by promoting productive ideas, a synergical relationship, responsibility, educational concern and collective expcetations. The transformational leadership leaders are those visionary and able to identify changes and transformation into organisations. In addition, they will be able to promote organisational changes and motivate creative and innovative individual employees. Furthermore, they also build strong team work, promote the positive working culture and maintain responsibility.
Perlindungan Hak Paten Bagi Pengrajin Khas
Authors: Jabalnur Jabalnur 
Published: February 2019

Paten bisa dilihat di dalam Undang-Undang, lebih tepatnya Pasal 1 ayat 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016. Undang- Undang telah menyebutkan bahwa pengertian hak paten adalah hak eksklusif yang diberikan oleh negara kepada inventor atas hasil invensinya di bidang teknologi selama waktu tertentu. Seorang inventor dapat melaksanakan sendiri invensinya atau memberikan persetujuan kepada pihak lain untuk melaksanakannya. Syarat mendapatkan hak paten ada tiga yaitu penemuan tersebut merupakan penemuan baru. Yang kedua, penemuan tersebut diproduksi dalam skala massal atau industrial. Suatu penemuan teknologi, secanggih apa pun, tetapi tidak dapat diproduksi dalam skala industri (karena harganya sangat mahal /tidak ekonomis), maka tidak berhak atas paten. Yang ketiga, penemuan tersebut merupakan penemuan yang tidak terduga sebelumnya (non obvious). Jadi bila sekedar menggabungkan dua benda tidak dapat dipatenkan.
Pengiriman Paket Menggunakan Grab Express Beserta Dengan Bentuk Pertanggungjawabannya
Authors: Sabrie Hilda , Ratih Dina 
Published: February 2019

Seperti yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No 74 Tahun 2014 Tentang Angkutan Jalan (PP No. 74/2014, sepeda motor dapat digunakan sebagai alat angkut barang dengan catatan harus memenuhi syarat teknis. Selain itu penggunaan sepeda motor juga dirasa lebih efektif dan efisien untuk pengiriman barang karena dapat menjangkau tempat tujuan dengan lebih cepat. Seiring dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan teknologi, akhirnya memunculkan suatu inovasi baru berupa penggabungan teknologi dengan pengadaan jasa pengangkutan. Inovasi tersebut berupa layanan pemesanan kendaraan melalui aplikasi pada ponsel pintar. Kemunculan inovasi ini di Indonesia cukup disukai oleh masyarakat karena lebih efektif dan efisien. Melihat permintaan masyarakat yang cukup banyak, hal ini membuat suatu peluang bisnis yang cukup menjanjikan. Sehingga sampai saat ini banyak bermunculan perusahaan aplikasi penyedia layanan transportasi yakni Go-Jek Indonesia, Uber Indonesia dan Grab Indonesia. Permasalahan yang timbul dengan adanya transportasi online ini adalah bentuk tanggung jawabnya dalam hal melakukan pengangkutan. Sehingga perlu kiranya diketahui lebih jauh agar pengguna transportasi online dapat lebih aman dan nyaman ketika menggunakan jasa yang ditawarkan terutama untuk aplikasi Grab Express. Artikel ini mengambil sampel Grab Indonesia sebagai bahan penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yang bersifat normative artinya semua yang dikaji adalah berdasar peraturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu pendekatan yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah conseptual approach dan research approach. KataKunci: Transportasi Online; Grab Indonesia; Grab Express; Pengangkutan; Tanggung Jawab.
Model Harmonisasi Hubungan Wewenang Antara Kepala Desa dengan Badan Perwakilan Desa (BPD) dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Desa
Authors: Syahbudin Syahbudin , Herman Herman , Syukur La Ode 
Published: February 2019

Sumberdaya aparatur desa sebagai penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dalam penyelenggaraan dan penatalaksanaan pemerintahan desa. Sumberdaya aparatur penyelenggara pemerintahan desa merupakan aspek fundamental khususnya berkaitan dengan penyusunan dan pembentukan peraturan desa untuk kepentingan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di desa dalam penatalaksanaan peraturan desa tersebut tidak multitafsir dan bertentangan dengan peraturan-peraturan yang ada diatasnya.Desa sebagai daerah otonom yang secara mandiri membentuk peraturannya sendiri guna penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa. Dengan demikian hendaknya dalam perumusan peraturan desa harus sesuai dengan asas penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baik. Sasaran yang ingin dicapai diantaranya untuk memberikan pemecahan masalah (problem solving) secara ilmiah terhadap masalah dan hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi oleh aparatur desa dalam menyusun peraturan desa. Hal ini bertujuan agar penyusunan peraturan desa sesuai dengan asas penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baik sekaligus sebagai aspek kebijakan (policy) yang ditujukan kepada pemerintah Kabupaten. Aspek ini merupakan suatu rekomendasi ilmiah yang disusun berdasarkan penelitian normatif sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan bagi Pemerintah Daerah dalam menyusun Peraturan Daerah tentang pedoman penyusunan dan mekanisme penyusunan peraturan desa. Pedoman ini dapat dijadikan sebagai payung hukum bagi seluruh aparatur desa di Kabupaten.
Access to primary health care for asylum seekers and refugees: a qualitative study of service user experiences in the UK
Authors: Kang Cara , Tomkow Louise , Farrington Rebecca 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundAsylum seekers and refugees (ASR) face difficulty accessing health care in host countries. In 2017, NHS charges for overseas visitors were extended to include some community care for refused asylum seekers. There is growing concern that this will increase access difficulties, but no recent research has documented the lived experiences of ASR accessing UK primary health care.AimTo examine ASR experiences accessing primary health care in the UK in 2018.Design and settingThis was a qualitative community-based study. ASR were recruited by criterion-based sampling through voluntary community organisations.MethodA total of 18 ASR completed face-to-face semi-structured recorded interviews discussing primary care access. Transcripts underwent thematic analysis by three researchers using Penchansky and Thomas’s modified theory of access.ResultsThe qualitative data show that participants found primary care services difficult to navigate and negotiate. Dominant themes included language barriers and inadequate interpretation services; lack of awareness of the structure and function of the NHS; difficulty meeting the costs of dental care, prescription fees, and transport to appointments; and the perception of discrimination relating to race, religion, and immigration status.ConclusionBy centralising the voices of ASR and illustrating the negative consequences of poor healthcare access, this article urges consideration of how access to primary care in the UK can be enhanced for often marginalised individuals with complex needs.
Efficiency versus thoroughness in medication review: a qualitative interview study in UK primary care
Authors: Duncan Polly , Cabral Christie , McCahon Deborah , Guthrie Bruce , Ridd Matthew J 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundMedication reviews may improve the safety of prescribing and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) highlights the importance of involving patients in this process.AimTo explore GP and pharmacist perspectives on how medication reviews were conducted in general practice in the UK.Design and settingAnalysis of semi-structured interviews with GPs and pharmacists working in the South West of England, Northern England, and Scotland, sampled for heterogeneity. Interviews took place between January and October 2017.MethodInterviews focused on experience of medication review. Data saturation was achieved when no new insights arose from later interviews. Interviews were analysed thematically.ResultsIn total, 13 GPs and 10 pharmacists were interviewed. GPs and pharmacists perceived medication review as an opportunity to improve prescribing safety. Although interviewees thought patients should be involved in decisions about their medicines, high workload pressures meant that most medication reviews were conducted with limited or no patient input. For some GPs, a medication review was done ‘in the quickest way possible to say that it was done’. Pharmacists were perceived by both professions as being more thorough but less time efficient than GPs, and few pharmacists were routinely involved in medication reviews even in practices employing a pharmacist. Interviewees argued that it was easier to continue medicines than it was to stop them, particularly because stopping medicines required involving the patient and this generated extra work.ConclusionPractices tended to prioritise being efficient (getting the work done) rather than being thorough (doing it well), so that most medication reviews were carried out with little or no patient involvement, and medicines were rarely stopped or reduced. Time and resource constraints are an important barrier to implementing NICE guidance.
A Machine Learning Based Morphological Classification of 14,245 Radio AGNs Selected from the Best–Heckman Sample
Authors: Ma Zhixian , Xu Haiguang , Zhu Jie , Hu Dan , Li Weitian , Shan Chenxi , Zhu Zhenghao , Gu Liyi , Li Jinjin , Liu Chengze , Wu Xiangping 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present a morphological classification of 14,245 radio active galactic nuclei (AGNs) into six types, i.e., typical Fanaroff–Riley Class I/II (FRI/II), FRI/II-like bent-tailed, X-shaped radio galaxy, and ringlike radio galaxy, by designing a convolutional neural network based autoencoder, namely MCRGNet, and applying it to a labeled radio galaxy (LRG) sample containing 1442 AGNs and an unlabeled radio galaxy (unLRG) sample containing 14,245 unlabeled AGNs selected from the Best–Heckman sample. We train MCRGNet and implement the classification task by a three-step strategy, i.e., pre-training, fine-tuning, and classification, which combines both unsupervised and supervised learnings. A four-layer dichotomous tree is designed to classify the radio AGNs, which leads to a significantly better performance than the direct six-type classification. On the LRG sample, our MCRGNet achieves a total precision of ∼93% and an averaged sensitivity of ∼87%, which are better than those obtained in previous works. On the unLRG sample, whose labels have been human-inspected, the neural network achieves a total precision of ∼80%. Also, using Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 to calculate the r-band absolute magnitude (M
opt) and using the flux densities to calculate the radio luminosity (L
radio), we find that the distributions of the unLRG sources on the L
radio–M
opt plane do not show an apparent redshift evolution and could confirm with a sufficiently large sample that there could not exist an abrupt separation between FRIs and FRIIs as reported in some previous works.
Inhibitory Effect of Iota-carrageenan on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Vitro
Authors: Guo Chunhe , Zhu Zhenbang , Yu Piao , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Dong Wenjuan , Wang Xiaoying , Chen Yaosheng , Liu Xiaohong 
Published: February 2019

Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen and causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide each year. Current vaccination strategies do not effectively prevent and control the virus. Consequently, it is necessary to develop novel antiviral strategies. Carrageenan, extracted from marine red algae, exhibits anti-coagulant, anti-tumour, anti-virus and immunomodulatory activities. Methods We investigate the inhibitory effect of iota-carrageenan (CG) on PRRSV strain CH-1a via antiviral assay and viral binding, entry and release assays. Results We found that CG effectively inhibited CH-1a replication at mRNA and protein levels in both Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). The antiviral activity of CG occurred during viral attachment and entry in virus life cycle. In addition, CG suppressed viral release in Marc-145 cells, as well as blocked CH-1a-induced apoptosis during the late period of infection. Furthermore, CG inhibited CH-1a-induced NF-κB activation, thus interfering with cytokine production in Marc-145 cells and PAMs, which contributes to its anti-PRRSV activity. Conclusions Taken together, our data imply that CG might be an ideal candidate that is worthwhile developing into a new anti-PRRSV prophylactic and therapeutic drug.
Contribution à la reconstitution du paléoenvironnement sur les sites du Bassin parisien de la fin du Paléolithique (18 000-12 000 cal BC)
Authors: Catz Natacha 
Published: February 2019

En archéologie environnementale, un des moyens de reconstituer les paysages du passé est d’analyser les restes anthracologiques, carpologiques ou palynologiques. Or ce type d’approche n’est possible que lorsque ces restes sont présents sur le site archéologique en assez grande quantité. Dans le cas des gisements magdaléniens du Bassin parisien, malgré des contextes stratigraphiques exceptionnels, ils livrent des vestiges paléoenvironnementaux pollués ou en assez faible quantité. Comment reconstituer les paysages fréquentés par les magdaléniens dans le cas du Bassin parisien ? Nous proposons d’utiliser deux autres types de sources pour apporter de nouvelles informations sur les paléoenvironnements : la faune et les données palynologiques issues de carottages en contexte non anthropique. Les vestiges fauniques apportent des informations sur les stratégies de chasse des hommes préhistoriques et sur l’écologie des proies visées. La comparaison des données écologiques avec les données palynologiques issues des sites de référence nous permet d’apporter de nouvelles informations pour la reconstitution des environnements fréquentés par les groupes préhistoriques à la fin du Paléolithique. L’analyse des restes fauniques du site de Pincevent a permis de tester cette approche indirecte pour remédier à un manque de sources directes sur l’environnement.
Le cas des silex indéterminés dans les séries lithiques
Authors: Teurquety Gabriel 
Published: February 2019

La détermination de l’origine de la matière première lithique utilisée par les chasseurs-collecteurs du Paléolithique est essentielle car elle permet de reconstituer les réseaux de circulation des matériaux et nous renseigne donc sur la mobilité et le fonctionnement de ces sociétés nomades. Cependant, l’identification des gîtes est rendue compliquée par plusieurs biais et silences, semblant interdire la détermination de l’origine de certains silex. C’est le cas des silex dits « indéterminés » mis au jour dans les séries lithiques archéologiques et de ceux associés par erreur à d’autres catégories. Ces silex « indéterminés » représentent une lacune d’information et un biais évident pour comprendre l’économie des chasseurs-collecteurs. L’indétermination dérive de deux types de biais, géologiques et méthodologiques. Tout d’abord, il existe des lacunes de connaissance des ressources naturelles localisées dans l’espace. Ensuite, les gîtes peuvent être épuisés ou recouverts par des formations sédimentaires plus récentes, et sont donc inaccessibles aujourd’hui. Enfin, le périmètre de recherche des gîtes retenu par les chercheurs, souvent local ou régional, sous-estime parfois les rayons d’acquisition de matière première des sociétés préhistoriques. Cela peut conduire à omettre l’identification de matières premières plus lointaines. Pour éviter ces biais, nous proposons une approche indirecte basée sur la reconstitution des environnements de dépôt de la craie et la prise en compte systématique des ressources potentielles sur un espace suprarégional. Nous avons donc réalisé une base de données sur le contenu pétrographique des craies puis sur la macroscopie des silex de l’ensemble du Bassin parisien pour nous affranchir de présupposés de distances d’acquisition des silex. Ces données, ensuite mises en cartes, présentent des distributions intéressantes de diverses caractéristiques pétrographiques ou macroscopiques. Finalement, l’identification de ces « silex indéterminés » des séries archéologiques peut donc être issue d’une meilleure compréhension des processus géologiques de genèse des silex.