bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Early Permian Paleomagnetic Pole for the Yili Block and its Implications for Late Paleozoic Postorogenic Kinematic Evolution of the SW Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Zhu Xin , Wang Bo , Chen Yan , Liu Hongsheng , Horng Chorng‐shern , Choulet Flavien , Faure Michel , Shu Liangshu , Xue Zhenhua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe conducted a paleomagnetic study on the Early Permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and the Neoproterozoic mafic dikes in the Yili Block, NW China. Magnetite and hematite were proven to be the principal magnetic remanence carriers. Demagnetizations revealed stable characteristic remanence magnetizations with a sole reversed magnetic polarity. The magnetic remanence of only the Early Permian strata turned out to be primary based on positive fold tests; meanwhile, the magnetic remanence age of the mafic dikes is ambiguous. Accordingly, the first Early Permian paleomagnetic pole for the Yili Block is calculated at λ = 81.5°N, φ = 256.5°E,N = 11, andA95 = 10.9°. Comparisons of this new pole with published ones from the Yili, Tarim, and South Junggar blocks provide new quantitative constraints on late Paleozoic kinematic evolution of the SW Central Asian Orogenic Belt: (1) Between the Yili and Tarim blocks, significant relative movement took place along major strike‐slip faults during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian (580 ± 290 km) and the Early to Late Permian (585 ± 340 km), and the displacement rate increased from the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian (~19.3 ± 9.7 mm/yr) to the Early to Late Permian (~29.3 ± 17.0 mm/yr); (2) a significant relative rotation of 28.3° ± 18.3° in the Late Permian, and a lateral displacement of 630 ± 295 km after the Late Permian occurred between the Yili and South Junggar blocks. The significant strike‐slip movements played an important role in the formation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and should be considered with great attention in tectonic and paleogeographic reconstructions.
Statistical Study of Mercury's Energetic Electron Events as Observed by the Gamma‐Ray and Neutron Spectrometer Instrument Onboard MESSENGER
Authors: Nikoukar Romina , Lawrence David J. , Peplowski Patrick N. , Dewey Ryan M. , Korth Haje , Baker Daniel N. , McNutt Ralph L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present results from a statistical analysis of Mercury's energetic electron (EE) events as observed by the gamma‐ray and neutron spectrometer instrument onboard the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft. The main objective of this study is to investigate possible anisotropic behavior of EE events using multiple data sets from MESSENGER instruments. We study the data from the neutron spectrometer (NS) and the gamma‐ray spectrometer anticoincidence shield (ACS) because they use the same type of borated plastic scintillator and, hence, they have very similar response functions, and their large surface areas make them more sensitive to low‐intensity EE events than MESSENGER's particle instrumentation. The combined analysis of NS and ACS data reveals two different classes of energetic electrons: “Standard” events and “ACS‐enhanced” events. Standard events, which comprise over 90% of all events, have signal sizes that are the same in both the ACS and NS. They are likely gyrating particles about Mercury's magnetic field following a 90° pitch angle distribution and are located in well‐defined latitude and altitude regions within Mercury's magnetosphere. ACS‐enhanced events, which comprise less than 10% of all events, have signal sizes in the ACS that are 10 to 100 times larger than those observed by the NS. They follow a beam‐like distribution and are observed both inside and outside Mercury's magnetosphere with a wider range of latitudes and altitudes than Standard events. The difference between the Standard and ACS‐enhanced event characteristics suggests distinct underyling acceleration mechanisms.
Formation and Evolution of Low‐Latitude F Region Field‐Aligned Irregularities During the 7–8 September 2017 Storm: Hainan Coherent Scatter Phased Array Radar and Digisonde Observations
Authors: Jin Han , Zou Shasha , Chen Gang , Yan Chunxiao , Zhang Shaodong , Yang Guotao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we present a study of the low‐latitude field‐aligned irregularities formation and evolution during the 7–8 September 2017 geomagnetic storm by analyzing data of the very high frequency coherent radar installed at Fuke, Hainan Island of China (19.5°N, 109.1°E; magnetic latitude 9.58°N) and a colocated Digisonde Portable Sounder. The prompt penetration of eastward interplanetary electric field associated with sudden southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field Bz resulted in large ascent of the F layer, making conducive conditions at the bottomside of the layer for the growth of Rayleigh‐Taylor instability and the development of the plasma irregularities in the postsunset hours. The irregularities persisted into the postmidnight sector when the southward interplanetary magnetic field Bz gradually decreased to the quiet time values. In addition, the base height of F layer at Fuke also showed a large elevation after midnight during two consecutive substorm onsets, suggesting that the substorm‐induced overshielding penetration electric field may take over and modify the ambient zonal electric field in low‐latitude ionosphere and induce the irregularities in the postmidnight sector. Moreover, different from the quiet time eastward movement of the irregularities observed over Fuke, the storm time irregularities displayed no zonal drift at the initial period and subsequently began drifting westward. The reversal of background plasma zonal drift velocity observed by Hainan digisonde characterized the storm time zonal drift pattern of the irregularities.
The association of VDR polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in older people living in community in Santiago de Chile
Authors: Angel Bárbara , Lera Lydia , Márquez Carlos , Albala Cecilia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Introduction
Several polymorphisms have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in different populations.

Objective
To investigate the frequencies of a genetic polymorphism of vitamin D receptor (FokI and BsmI) in patients with T2D.

Methods
The case–control study was conducted in 138 patients with T2D and 172 control subjects, men and women (60–79 years old). The genotype and allele frequency determination of VDR polymorphisms were determined in these subjects.

Results
The frequency of the C allele of the FokI polymorphism was significantly higher in the T2D group than in healthy subjects (p = 0.025). The frequencies of the BsmI variant were similar in subjects with and without T2D (p = 0.747). Consistent with these data, there was an association of the C allele with T2D (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.003–3.084, p = 0.036), but not the AG + GG variants for BsmI (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.635–1.649, p = 0.916). We can observe a significant association between carrier of the T > C variant of FokI and type 2 diabetes, adjusted for vitamin D, age, obesity (overweight and obesity), seasonality, sex and Homa-IR. Here, we show a significant association between the FokI polymorphisms (TC + CC) and T2D with an odds ratio of 1.9001 (95% CI (1.0970–3.6838), p = 0.041).

Conclusion
Our study suggests that the C allele (TC + CC) of the VDR-FokI gene is a possible risk factor for T2D in older people living in a community in Santiago de Chile.
Comparative mRNA and miRNA expression in European mouflon (Ovis musimon) and sheep (Ovis aries) provides novel insights into the genetic mechanisms for female reproductive success
Authors: Yang Ji , Li Xin , Cao Yin-Hong , Pokharel Kisun , Hu Xiao-Ju , Chen Ze-Hui , Xu Song-Song , Peippo Jaana , Honkatukia Mervi , Kantanen Juha , Li Meng-Hua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractProlific breeds of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are important genetic resources due to their reproductive performance, which is characterized by multiple lambs per birth and out-of-season breeding. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the important reproductive traits, particularly from the evolutionary genomics perspective, has impeded the efficient advancement of sheep breeding. Here, for the first time, by performing RNA-sequencing we built a de novo transcriptome assembly of ovarian and endometrial tissues in European mouflon (Ovis musimon) and performed an mRNA–miRNA integrated expression profiling analysis of the wild species and a highly prolific domestic sheep breed, the Finnsheep. We identified several novel genes with differentially expressed mRNAs (e.g., EREG, INHBA, SPP1, AMH, TDRD5, and ZP2) between the wild and domestic sheep, which are functionally involved in oocyte and follicle development and fertilization, and are significantly (adjusted P-value < 0.05) enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) terms of various reproductive process, including the regulation of fertilization, oogenesis, ovarian follicle development, and sperm–egg recognition. Additionally, we characterized 58 differentially expressed miRNAs and 210 associated target genes that are essential for the regulation of female reproduction cycles through specific regulatory networks [e.g., (miR-136, miR-374a, miR-9-5p)-(EREG, INHBA)]. Furthermore, our integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profiling analysis elucidated novel direct and indirect miRNA/mRNA causal regulatory relationships related to the reproductive traits of the Ovis species. This study provides in-depth insights into the genomic evolution underlying the reproductive traits of the Ovis species and valuable resources for ovine genomics.
Human single neuron activity precedes emergence of conscious perception
Authors: Gelbard-Sagiv Hagar , Mudrik Liad , Hill Michael R. , Koch Christof , Fried Itzhak 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIdentifying the neuronal basis of spontaneous changes in conscious experience in the absence of changes in the external environment is a major challenge. Binocular rivalry, in which two stationary monocular images lead to continuously changing perception, provides a unique opportunity to address this issue. We studied the activity of human single neurons in the medial temporal and frontal lobes while patients were engaged in binocular rivalry. Here we report that internal changes in the content of perception are signaled by very early (~-2000 ms) nonselective medial frontal activity, followed by selective activity of medial temporal lobe neurons that precedes the perceptual change by ~1000 ms. Such early activations are not found for externally driven perceptual changes. These results suggest that a medial fronto-temporal network may be involved in the preconscious internal generation of perceptual transitions.
Publisher Correction: A DHODH inhibitor increases p53 synthesis and enhances tumor cell killing by p53 degradation blockage
Authors: Ladds Marcus J. G. W. , van Leeuwen Ingeborg M. M. , Drummond Catherine J. , Chu Su , Healy Alan R. , Popova Gergana , Pastor Fernández Andrés , Mollick Tanzina , Darekar Suhas , Sedimbi Saikiran K. , Nekulova Marta , Sachweh Marijke C. C. , Campbell Johanna , Higgins Maureen , Tuck Chloe , Popa Mihaela , Safont Mireia Mayoral , Gelebart Pascal , Fandalyuk Zinayida , Thompson Alastair M. , Svensson Richard , Gustavsson Anna-Lena , Johansson Lars , Färnegårdh Katarina , Yngve Ulrika , Saleh Aljona , Haraldsson Martin , D’Hollander Agathe C. A. , Franco Marcela , Zhao Yan , Håkansson Maria , Walse Björn , Larsson Karin , Peat Emma M. , Pelechano Vicent , Lunec John , Vojtesek Borivoj , Carmena Mar , Earnshaw William C. , McCarthy Anna R. , Westwood Nicholas J. , Arsenian-Henriksson Marie , Lane David P. , Bhatia Ravi , McCormack Emmet , Laín Sonia 
Published: May 2018

The original PDF version of this Article listed the authors as “Marcus J.G.W. Ladds,” where it should have read “Marcus J. G. W. Ladds, Ingeborg M. M. van Leeuwen, Catherine J. Drummond et al.#”.Also in the PDF version, it was incorrectly stated that “Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S. Lín.”, instead of the correct “Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to S. Laín.”This has been corrected in the PDF version of the Article. The HTML version was correct from the time of publication.
High temperature deformability of ductile flash-sintered ceramics via in-situ compression
Authors: Cho Jaehun , Li Qiang , Wang Han , Fan Zhe , Li Jin , Xue Sichuang , Vikrant K. S. N. , Wang Haiyan , Holland Troy B. , Mukherjee Amiya K. , García R. Edwin , Zhang Xinghang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFlash sintering has attracted significant attention as its remarkably rapid densification process at low sintering furnace temperature leads to the retention of fine grains and enhanced dielectric properties. However, high-temperature mechanical behaviors of flash-sintered ceramics remain poorly understood. Here, we present high-temperature (up to 600 °C) in situ compression studies on flash-sintered yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). Below 400 °C, the YSZ exhibits high ultimate compressive strength exceeding 3.5 GPa and high inelastic strain (~8%) due primarily to phase transformation toughening. At higher temperatures, crack nucleation and propagation are significantly retarded, and prominent plasticity arises mainly from dislocation activity. The high dislocation density induced in flash-sintered ceramics may have general implications for improving the plasticity of sintered ceramic materials.
Fibrotic microtissue array to predict anti-fibrosis drug efficacy
Authors: Asmani Mohammadnabi , Velumani Sanjana , Li Yan , Wawrzyniak Nicole , Hsia Isaac , Chen Zhaowei , Hinz Boris , Zhao Ruogang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFibrosis is a severe health problem characterized by progressive stiffening of tissues which causes organ malfunction and failure. A major bottleneck in developing new anti-fibrosis therapies is the lack of in vitro models that recapitulate dynamic changes in tissue mechanics during fibrogenesis. Here we create membranous human lung microtissues to model key biomechanical events occurred during lung fibrogenesis including progressive stiffening and contraction of alveolar tissue, decline in alveolar tissue compliance and traction force-induced bronchial dilation. With these capabilities, we provide proof of principle for using this fibrotic tissue array for multi-parameter, phenotypic analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of two anti-fibrosis drugs recently approved by the FDA. Preventative treatments with Pirfenidone and Nintedanib reduce tissue contractility and prevent tissue stiffening and decline in tissue compliance. In a therapeutic treatment regimen, both drugs restore tissue compliance. These results highlight the pathophysiologically relevant modeling capability of our novel fibrotic microtissue system.
Photonic force optical coherence elastography for three-dimensional mechanical microscopy
Authors: Leartprapun Nichaluk , Iyer Rishyashring R. , Untracht Gavrielle R. , Mulligan Jeffrey A. , Adie Steven G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOptical tweezers are an invaluable tool for non-contact trapping and micro-manipulation, but their ability to facilitate high-throughput volumetric microrheology of biological samples for mechanobiology research is limited by the precise alignment associated with the excitation and detection of individual bead oscillations. In contrast, radiation pressure from a low-numerical aperture optical beam can apply transversely localized force over an extended depth range. Here we present photonic force optical coherence elastography (PF-OCE), leveraging phase-sensitive interferometric detection to track sub-nanometer oscillations of beads, embedded in viscoelastic hydrogels, induced by modulated radiation pressure. Since the displacements caused by ultra-low radiation-pressure force are typically obscured by absorption-mediated thermal effects, mechanical responses of the beads were isolated after independent measurement and decoupling of the photothermal response of the hydrogels. Volumetric imaging of bead mechanical responses in hydrogels with different agarose concentrations by PF-OCE was consistent with bulk mechanical characterization of the hydrogels by shear rheometry.
Stark control of electrons along nanojunctions
Authors: Chen Liping , Zhang Yu , Chen GuanHua , Franco Ignacio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUltrafast control of currents on the nanoscale is essential for future innovations in nanoelectronics. Recently it was experimentally demonstrated that strong non-resonant few-cycle 4 fs laser pulses can be used to induce phase-controllable currents along gold–silica–gold nanojunctions in the absence of a bias voltage. However, since the effect depends on a highly non-equilibrium state of matter, its microscopic origin is unclear and the subject of recent controversy. Here we present atomistically detailed (time-dependent non-equilibrium Green’s function) electronic transport simulations that recover the main experimental observations and offer a simple intuitive picture of the effect. The photoinduced currents are seen to arise due to a difference in effective silica-metal coupling for negative and positive field amplitudes induced by lasers with low temporal symmetry. These insights can be employed to interpret related experiments, and advance our ability to control electrons in matter using lasers.
Self-activated surface dynamics in gold catalysts under reaction environments
Authors: Kamiuchi Naoto , Sun Keju , Aso Ryotaro , Tane Masakazu , Tamaoka Takehiro , Yoshida Hideto , Takeda Seiji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNanoporous gold (NPG) with sponge-like structures has been studied by atomic-scale and microsecond-resolution environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) combined with ab initio energy calculations. Peculiar surface dynamics were found in the reaction environment for the oxidation of CO at room temperature, involving residual silver in the NPG leaves as well as gold and oxygen atoms, especially on {110} facets. The NPG is thus classified as a novel self-activating catalyst. The essential structure unit for catalytic activity was identified as Au–AgO surface clusters, implying that the NPG is regarded as a nano-structured silver oxide catalyst supported on the matrix of NPG, or an inverse catalyst of a supported gold nanoparticulate (AuNP) catalyst. Hence, the catalytically active structure in the gold catalysts (supported AuNP and NPG catalysts) can now be experimentally unified in low-temperature CO oxidation, a step forward towards elucidating the fascinating catalysis mechanism of gold.
The CaMKII/NMDA receptor complex controls hippocampal synaptic transmission by kinase-dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Incontro Salvatore , Díaz-Alonso Javier , Iafrati Jillian , Vieira Marta , Asensio Cedric S. , Sohal Vikaas S. , Roche Katherine W. , Bender Kevin J. , Nicoll Roger A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCaMKII is one of the most studied synaptic proteins, but many critical issues regarding its role in synaptic function remain unresolved. Using a CRISPR-based system to delete CaMKII and replace it with mutated forms in single neurons, we have rigorously addressed its various synaptic roles. In brief, basal AMPAR and NMDAR synaptic transmission both require CaMKIIα, but not CaMKIIβ, indicating that, even in the adult, synaptic transmission is determined by the ongoing action of CaMKIIα. While AMPAR transmission requires kinase activity, NMDAR transmission does not, implying a scaffolding role for the CaMKII protein instead. LTP is abolished in the absence of CaMKIIα and/or CaMKIIβ and with an autophosphorylation impaired CaMKIIα (T286A). With the exception of NMDAR synaptic currents, all aspects of CaMKIIα signaling examined require binding to the NMDAR, emphasizing the essential role of this receptor as a master synaptic signaling hub.
Fossilized skin reveals coevolution with feathers and metabolism in feathered dinosaurs and early birds
Authors: McNamara Maria E. , Zhang Fucheng , Kearns Stuart L. , Orr Patrick J. , Toulouse André , Foley Tara , Hone David W. E. , Rogers Chris S. , Benton Michael J. , Johnson Diane , Xu Xing , Zhou Zhonghe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFeathers are remarkable evolutionary innovations that are associated with complex adaptations of the skin in modern birds. Fossilised feathers in non-avian dinosaurs and basal birds provide insights into feather evolution, but how associated integumentary adaptations evolved is unclear. Here we report the discovery of fossil skin, preserved with remarkable nanoscale fidelity, in three non-avian maniraptoran dinosaurs and a basal bird from the Cretaceous Jehol biota (China). The skin comprises patches of desquamating epidermal corneocytes that preserve a cytoskeletal array of helically coiled α-keratin tonofibrils. This structure confirms that basal birds and non-avian dinosaurs shed small epidermal flakes as in modern mammals and birds, but structural differences imply that these Cretaceous taxa had lower body heat production than modern birds. Feathered epidermis acquired many, but not all, anatomically modern attributes close to the base of the Maniraptora by the Middle Jurassic.
In vivo reprogramming drives Kras-induced cancer development
Authors: Shibata Hirofumi , Komura Shingo , Yamada Yosuke , Sankoda Nao , Tanaka Akito , Ukai Tomoyo , Kabata Mio , Sakurai Satoko , Kuze Bunya , Woltjen Knut , Haga Hironori , Ito Yatsuji , Kawaguchi Yoshiya , Yamamoto Takuya , Yamada Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe faithful shutdown of the somatic program occurs in the early stage of reprogramming. Here, we examined the effect of in vivo reprogramming on Kras-induced cancer development. We show that the transient expression of reprogramming factors (1–3 days) in pancreatic acinar cells results in the transient repression of acinar cell enhancers, which are similarly observed in pancreatitis. We next demonstrate that Kras and p53 mutations are insufficient to induce ERK signaling in the pancreas. Notably, the transient expression of reprogramming factors in Kras mutant mice is sufficient to induce the robust and persistent activation of ERK signaling in acinar cells and rapid formation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In contrast, the forced expression of acinar cell-related transcription factors inhibits the pancreatitis-induced activation of ERK signaling and development of precancerous lesions in Kras-mutated acinar cells. These results underscore a crucial role of dedifferentiation-associated epigenetic regulations in the initiation of pancreatic cancers.
Light storage for one second in room-temperature alkali vapor
Authors: Katz Or , Firstenberg Ofer 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLight storage, the controlled and reversible mapping of photons onto long-lived states of matter, enables memory capability in optical quantum networks. Prominent storage media are warm alkali vapors due to their strong optical coupling and long-lived spin states. In a dense gas, the random atomic collisions dominate the lifetime of the spin coherence, limiting the storage time to a few milliseconds. Here we present and experimentally demonstrate a storage scheme that is insensitive to spin-exchange collisions, thus enabling long storage times at high atomic densities. This unique property is achieved by mapping the light field onto spin orientation within a decoherence-free subspace of spin states. We report on a record storage time of 1 s in room-temperature cesium vapor, a 100-fold improvement over existing storage schemes. Furthermore, our scheme lays the foundations for hour-long quantum memories using rare-gas nuclear spins.