bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of idiopathic olfactory loss with chemosensory event‐related potentials and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liu Jia , Pinto Jayant M. , Yang Ling , Yao Linyin , Miao Xutao , Wei Yongxiang 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundIdiopathic olfactory loss (IOL) accounts for a sizable fraction of olfactory dysfunction, but very little is known about its etiology and electrophysiological changes in the olfactory pathway.MethodsWe analyzed the physiology of IOL using chemosensory event‐related potentials (ERPs) (olfactory and trigeminal: oERP and tERP) and olfactory pathway magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measured in adult patients with IOL and healthy controls. Subjective olfactory function was measured by Toyota and Takagi (T&T) olfactometry and Sniffin’ Sticks (SS).ResultsOlfactory function was worse in patients with IOL compared to controls (T&T, p < 0.001; SS, p < 0.001). oERPs could be evoked in 17 IOL patients. Signals in these patients showed lower amplitude in the N1 and P2 waves than controls (p < 0.05 for both), but there were no difference in latency between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). tERP were detected in all patients and controls; there were no differences in latency and nor amplitude between the 2 groups (p > 0.05). The olfactory bulb (OB) volume was significantly smaller in the IOL group than controls (p < 0.001), but there was no difference in the olfactory sulcus depth between groups (p > 0.05). Better olfactory function was associated with increasing magnitude of N1 amplitude in oERPs (p < 0.05) and increasing OB volume (p < 0.05).ConclusionIOL patients show neurophysiologic deficits and some anatomic differences compared to healthy controls.
Comparison of outcomes following culture‐directed vs non–culture‐directed antibiotics in treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yan Carol H. , Tangbumrungtham Navarat , Maul Ximena A. , Ma Yifei , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. , Patel Zara M. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundAcute exacerbations in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are often treated with courses of systemic antibiotics. Poor correlation between microbiologic culture results and the sinus microbiome in CRS has caused increased debate as to the relevance of culture‐directed antibiotics. There is currently sparse data comparing outcomes of culture‐directed antibiotics vs non‐culture‐directed antibiotics for treatment of CRS.MethodsThis work reports a retrospective review. A total of 946 CRS patients treated with antibiotics were examined; 122 CRS patients with acute exacerbations were treated with culture‐directed (n = 61) vs empiric (n = 61) antibiotics. Lund‐Kennedy (LK) and 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores were compared pretreatment and posttreatment, with short‐term (<1 month) and long‐term (1‐6 months) follow‐up. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and prior surgical history were collected.ResultsBoth groups had similar pretreatment SNOT‐22 scores (p = 0.25) while the culture group had higher baseline LK endoscopy scores (p < 0.01). All data were adjusted for pertinent comorbidities, surgical history, co‐therapeutics, and baseline scores. There was no difference in improvement in culture‐directed and empirically treated groups in the short‐term (p = 0.77) and long‐term (p = 0.58) for minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of SNOT‐22 and no difference in the short‐term for LK scores (p = 0.11), but there was significantly more improvement in long‐term LK scores in the culture‐directed group (p = 0.01).ConclusionCulture‐directed therapy improves long‐term endoscopy scores but does not yield an advantage in improving short‐term endoscopy scores, nor in improving short‐term and long‐term quality of life scores in CRS patients. A prospective study is necessary to examine the relevance of routine microbiologic cultures in CRS patients.
Sublingual immunotherapy for pediatric allergic conjunctivitis: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhang Li , Zhao Zhixiang , Liao Shiyu 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundAllergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a common chronic condition, especially in children. Ocular symptoms are often overlooked during treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). Pediatric ARC can be effectively treated using sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), which is a guideline‐recommended safe treatment approach. However, the therapeutic efficacy of SLIT in terms of ameliorating eye symptoms has not been effectively evaluated.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the use of SLIT for infants, children, and adolescents (aged from 3 to 18 years) with AC or ARC. We searched the Cochrane Library database, EMBASE, and Medline from November 1990 to 2017 to find papers dealing with the effects of SLIT on pediatric AC or ARC. We used standardized mean differences (SMDs) to assess therapeutic effects, employing a random effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. The I2 metric was used to evaluate heterogeneity.ResultsIn total, 13 clinical RCTs were included in our meta‐analysis. SLIT reduced ocular symptoms to a level below that of controls (SMD = −0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.41 to −0.01; p = 0.04; I2 = 55%). Notably, on subgroup analysis, SLIT clearly reduced pollen‐induced pediatric AC (SMD = −0.36; 95% CI, −0.53 to −0.19; p < 0.0001; I2 = 25%) but not mite‐induced AC (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI, −0.20 to 0.60; p = 0.34; I2 = 46%).ConclusionSLIT relieved ocular symptoms in children with ARC or AC. To confirm these results, future meta‐analyses should evaluate high‐quality, large‐scale population‐based trials.
Structural Properties of Additive Nano/Microcellular Automata
Authors: Anitas Eugen Mircea , Slyamov Azat 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA detailed structural analysis of 2D patterns generated by one‐dimensional M‐state additive cellular automata (ACA), where M is a prime (p) to a non‐negative power (t), is performed by using the transition matrix (TM), the barycentric fixed‐mass (BFM) method, and the small‐angle scattering (SAS) technique. The BFM method shows that, for M‐state ACA, the subsets of particular states are multifractals. The fractal dimensions of ACA of a given transition rule are shown to be equal at constant p and arbitrary t, and there is a prime p at which the fractal dimensions of different ACA are equal. The SAS technique is shown to be able to differentiate between patterns of such ACA. In addition, SAS can also provide complementary information about the overall size, number of elements, and number of rows generated by ACA. In the case of monofractals, SAS can recover also the scaling factor, which is shown to be, for the ‐state ACA, the inverse of p. The above findings on the 2‐ and 3‐state Rule 90 and Rule 150 are illustrated as idealized models with possible applications toward assembly of nanoparticles into programmable patterns or in modeling biological systems such as fibroblast aggregation, the growth of bacterial colonies, neuronal maps, and virus spreading.
The Influence of Chemical Modification on Linker Rotational Dynamics in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Damron Joshua T. , Ma Jialiu , Kurz Ricardo , Saalwächter Kay , Matzger Adam J. , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe robust synthetic flexibility of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offers a promising class of tailorable materials, for which the ability to tune specific physicochemical properties is highly desired. This is achievable only through a thorough description of the consequences for chemical manipulations both in structure and dynamics. Magic angle spinning solid‐state NMR spectroscopy offers many modalities in this pursuit, particularly for dynamic studies. Herein, we employ a separated‐local‐field NMR approach to show how specific intraframework chemical modifications to MOF UiO‐66 heavily modulate the dynamic evolution of the organic ring moiety over several orders of magnitude.
Synthesis and thermal properties of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐allyl glycidyl ether)‐graft‐methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) copolymers as novel solid–solid phase‐change materials for thermal energy storage
Authors: Huang Xuelin , Guo Jing , Yang Yunming , Li Shenglin , Chen Shuang , Liu Yuanfa , Zhang Sen 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe synthesized a series of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐allyl glycidyl ether)‐graft‐methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (PAA‐g‐MPEG) copolymers as novel polymeric solid–solid phase‐change materials by grafting methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) to the main chain of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐allyl glycidyl ether) (PAA). PAA was the skeleton, and MPEG was a functional side chain, which stored and released heat during its phase‐transition process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and1H‐NMR spectroscopy analysis were performed to investigate the chemical structures. The crystalline morphology and crystal structures were also measured with polarized optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, the thermal‐energy‐storage properties, thermal stability, and thermal reliability of the PAA‐g‐MPEG copolymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. These analysis results indicate that the MPEG chains were successfully grafted onto PAA, and we found that the PAA‐g‐MPEG copolymers had typical solid–solid phase‐transition temperatures in the range 11–54 °C and high latent heat enthalpies between 44 and 85 J/g. In addition, the as‐prepared PAA‐g‐MPEG copolymers showed reusability and thermal reliability, as shown by the thermal cycle testing and TGA curves. Therefore, the synthesized PAA‐g‐MPEG copolymers have considerable potential for thermal energy storage. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46641.
Treatment Algorithms for Systemic Sclerosis According to Experts
Authors: Fernández‐Codina Andreu , Walker Kyle M. , Pope Janet E. ,   the Scleroderma Algorithm Group
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThere is a lack of agreement regarding treatment for many aspects of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We undertook this study to generate SSc treatment algorithms endorsed by a high percentage of SSc experts.MethodsExperts from the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium and the Canadian Scleroderma Research group (n = 170) were asked whether they agreed with SSc algorithms from 2012. Two consensus rounds refined agreement; 62, 54, and 48 experts (36%, 32%, and 28%, respectively) completed the first, second, and third surveys, respectively.ResultsFor treatment of scleroderma renal crisis, 81% of experts agreed (first‐, second‐, and third‐line treatments were angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, then adding calcium‐channel blockers [CCBs], then adding angiotensin receptor blockers [ARBs], respectively). For pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), 81% of experts agreed (for mild PAH, treatments were phosphodiesterase 5 [PDE5] inhibitors, then endothelin receptor antagonists plus PDE5 inhibitors, then prostanoids, respectively; for severe PAH, prostanoids were first‐line treatment). For mild Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), 79% of experts agreed (treatments were CCBs, then adding PDE5 inhibitors, then ARBs or switching to another CCB, respectively; after the third line of treatment, mild RP was deemed severe). For severe RP, the first‐ through fourth‐line treatments were CCBs, then adding PDE5 inhibitors or prostanoids, then adding PDE5 inhibitors (if not added as second‐line treatment) or prostanoids (if not added as second‐line treatment), then switching to another CCB, respectively. For active treatment of digital ulcers, 66% of experts agreed (first‐ and second‐line treatments were CCBs and PDE5 inhibitors, respectively). For interstitial lung disease, 69% of experts agreed (for induction therapy, treatments were mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], intravenous cyclophosphamide [IV CYC], and rituximab, respectively; for maintenance, first‐line treatment was MMF). For skin involvement, 71% of experts agreed (for a modified Rodnan skin thickness score [MRSS] of 24, first‐ and second‐line treatments were methotrexate [MTX] and MMF, respectively; for an MRSS of 32, first‐ through fourth‐line treatments were MMF, MTX, IV CYC, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, respectively). For inflammatory arthritis, 79% of experts agreed (first‐ through fourth‐line treatments were MTX, low‐dose glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine, and rituximab or tocilizumab, respectively). Algorithms for cardiac and gastrointestinal involvement had ≥75% agreement.ConclusionTotal agreement for SSc algorithms was considerable. These algorithms may guide treatment.
Facile Separation, Spectroscopic Identification, and Electrochemical Properties of Higher Trifluoromethylated Derivatives of [70]Fullerene
Authors: Kosaya Maria P. , Rybalchenko Alexey V. , Lukonina Natalia S. , Mazaleva Olga N. , Ioffe Ilya N. , Markov Vitaliy Yu. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Sidorov Lev N. , Tamm Nadezhda B. , Goryunkov Alexey A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe survey the structure and electronic properties of the family of higher trifluoromethylated C70(CF3)n molecules with n=14, 16, 18, and 20. Twenty‐two available compounds, of which thirteen are newly obtained and characterized, demonstrate the broad diversity of π‐system topologies, which enabled us to study the interplay between the CF3 addition pattern and the electronic properties. UV/Vis spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric studies demonstrate the importance of the exact addition pattern rather than the plain number of addends. Of particular interest is the skew pentagonal pyramid (SPP) addition pattern, which enables formation of closed‐shell cyclopentadienyl anions C70(CF3)n−1− through CF3 detachment upon electron transfer. A detailed study of the process is presented for a SPP‐C70(CF3)16 where potentiostatic electrolysis at the second reduction potential gives C70(CF3)15− oxidizable to a persistent C70(CF3)15· radical. Together with the literature data for the lower C70(CF3)n compounds with n=2–12, the present results show good correlation between the experimental boundary level positions and the DFT predictions. The compounds turn out to be electron acceptor molecular semiconductors with experimental LUMO energies and HOMO–LUMO gaps within the ranges of −4.3 to −3.7 eV and 1.6 to 3.3 eV, respectively, depending on the shape of the conjugated fragments. The HOMO levels fall within the range of −5.6 to −6.9 eV and show linear correlation with the number of addends.
Algebraic Conditions for Stability Analysis of Linear Time‐Invariant Distributed Order Dynamic Systems: A Lagrange Inversion Theorem Approach
Authors: Taghavian Hamed , Tavazoei Mohammad Saleh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBIBO stability of linear time‐invariant (LTI) distributed order dynamic systems with non‐negative weight functions is investigated in this paper by using Lagrange inversion theorem. New sufficient conditions of stability/instability are presented for these systems accordingly. These algebraically simple conditions are relatively tight and their conservatism is adjustable.
The Use of the Ritz Method and Laplace Transform for Solving 2D Fractional‐Order Optimal Control Problems Described by the Roesser Model
Authors: Nemati Ali , Mamehrashi Kamal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article a numerical solution is presented for a class of two‐dimensional fractional‐order optimal control problems (2D‐FOOCPs) with one input and two outputs. To implement the numerical method, the Legendre polynomial basis is used with the aid of the Ritz method and the Laplace transform. By taking the Ritz method as a basic scheme into account and applying a new constructed fractional operational matrix to estimate the fractional and integer order derivatives of the basis, the given 2D‐FOOCP is reduced to a system of algebraic equations. One of the advantages of the proposed method is that it provides greater flexibility in which the given initial and boundary conditions of the problem are imposed. Moreover, satisfactory results are obtained in just a small number of polynomials order. The convergence of the method is extensively investigated and finally two illustrative examples are included to show the validity and applicability of the novel proposed technique in the current work.
Autonomous Adaptive Control System for Airplane Landing
Authors: Lungu Mihai , Lungu Romulus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper presents a new autonomous adaptive system for the control of airplanes during landing in longitudinal plane. For the first stage of landing in longitudinal plane, the main variables to be controlled are the glide slope angle and longitudinal velocity; during the second main stage of landing in longitudinal plane, the vertical velocity error and the airplane's longitudinal velocity are controlled. The new robust control architecture has linear subsystems, for which the relative degrees are calculated; the new architecture will also consists of a dynamic compensator, a linear observer, and two reference models, their design being accomplished with respect to the calculated relative degrees. The signal estimated by the observer is useful for training a neural network – an adaptive subsystem of the architecture that provides the adaptive component of the control law. In the case of actuators having nonlinear dynamics, pseudo control hedging blocks are used to cancel the adapting difficulties of the neural networks. The new adaptive architecture is software implemented and validated by complex numerical simulations.
Simultaneous quantitation of rosuvastatin and ezetimibe in human plasma by LC–MS/MS: Pharmacokinetic study of fixed‐dose formulation and separate tablets
Authors: Bhadoriya Abhaysingh , Sanyal Mallika , Shah Priyanka A. , Shrivastav Pranav S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA simple, high‐throughput and highly sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin and free ezetimibe. Liquid–liquid extraction was carried out using methyl‐tert butyl ether after prior acidification from 300 μL human plasma. The recovery for both the analytes and their deuterated internal standards (ISs) ranged from 95.7 to 99.8%. Rosuvastatin and ezetimibe were separated on Symmetry C18 column using acetonitrile and ammonium formate buffer, pH 3.5 (30:70, v/v) as the mobile phase. The analytes were well resolved with a resolution factor of 3.8. Detection and quantitation were performed under multiple reaction monitoring using ESI(+) for rosuvastatin (m/z 482.0 → 258.1) and ESI(−) for ezetimibe (m/z 407.9 → 271.1). A linear response function was established in the concentration ranges of 0.05–50.0 ng/mL and 0.01–10.0 ng/mL for rosuvastatin and ezetimibe, respectively, with correlation coefficient, r2 ≥ 0.9991. The IS‐normalized matrix factors for the analytes ranged from 0.963 to 1.023. The developed method was successfully used to compare the pharmacokinetics of a fixed‐dose combination tablet of rosuvastatin‐ezetimibe and co‐administered rosuvastatin and ezetimibe as separate tablets to 24 healthy subjects. The reliability of the assay was also assessed by reanalysis of 115 subject samples.
Generation and Identification of Mutations Resulting in Chronic and Age‐Related Phenotypes in Mice
Authors: Blease Andrew , Nicol Thomas , Falcone Sara , Starbuck Becky , Greenaway Simon , Hutchinson Marie , Potter Paul K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAging is inevitable, and our society must deal with the consequences: namely, an increased incidence of disease and ill health. Many mouse models of disease are acute or early onset or are induced in young mice, despite the fact that aging is a significant risk factor for a range of significant diseases. To improve modeling of such diseases, we should incorporate aging into our models. Many systems are affected by aging, with a decline in mitochondrial function, an increase in senescence, a loss of resilience, telomere shortening, and a decline in immune function being key factors in the increased susceptibility to disease that is associated with aging. To develop novel models of age‐related disease, we undertook a phenotype‐driven screen of a pipeline of mutagenized mice. Here, we describe some of the underlying protocols and outline important aspects to consider when studying aged mice. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Computational Analysis of Neonatal Mouse Ultrasonic Vocalization
Authors: Ó Broin Pilib , Beckert Michael V. , Takahashi Tomohisa , Izumi Takeshi , Ye Kenny , Kang Gina , Pouso Patricia , Topolski Mackenzie , Pena Jose L. , Hiroi Noboru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeonatal vocalization is structurally altered in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our published data showed that pup vocalization, under conditions of maternal separation, contains sequences whose alterations in a genetic mouse model of ASD impair social communication between pups and mothers. We describe details of a method which reveals the statistical structure of call sequences that are functionally critical for optimal maternal care. Entropy analysis determines the degree of non‐random call sequencing. A Markov model determines the actual call sequences used by pups. Sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS‐DA) identifies call sequences that differentiate groups and reveals the degrees of individual variability in call sequences between groups. These three sets of analyses can be used to identify the otherwise hidden call structure that is altered in mouse models of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, including not only autism but also schizophrenia. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An all‐hardware implementation of the subpixel refinement stage in SIFT algorithm
Authors: Rubio‐Ibáñez Pablo , Ruiz‐Merino Ramón , Doménech‐Asensi Ginés , Martínez‐Álvarez José Javier , Zapata‐Pérez Juan , Díaz‐Madrid José Ángel , López‐Alcantud José Alejandro 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper proposes an all‐hardware architecture to perform the subpixel refinement operation in the scale invariant transform algorithm. Although the literature describes several hardware implementations of this algorithm, due to its complexity, most of them are based on simplifications of it. These implementations normally exclude the subpixel refinement stage, which, however, is an essential process to obtain accurate results in image matching applications.The architecture has been described in very high–speed integrated circuit hardware description language at register transfer level and synthesized on a Xilinx Zynq 7020 device. The latency of the proposed architecture to generate a refinement operation is 211 clock cycles, and the throughput achieved exploiting pipeline techniques is 64 cycles. The architecture uses fixed‐point data representation and has been tested with images from known databases, yielding very good performance compared with the floating‐point software implementation of the algorithm.