bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The status and characteristics of urinary stone composition in China
Authors: Ye Zhangqun , Zeng Guohua , Yang Huan , Li Jianxin , Tang Kun , Wang Guomin , Wang Shusheng , Yu Yonggang , Wang Yujie , Zhang Tao , Long Yongfu , Li Weibin , Wang Changmin , Wang Wei , Gao Sihe , Shan Yuxi , Huang Xiaobo , Bai Zhiming , Lin Xiaohan , Cheng Yue , Wang Qinzhang , Xu Zhuoqun , Xie Liping , Yuan Jianlin , Ren Shengqiang , Fan Yuhui , Pan Tiejun , Wang Jing , Li Xun , Chen Xuehua , Gu Xiaojian , Sun Zhaolin , Xiao Kefeng , Jia Jianye , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Gongxian , Sun Ting , Li Xuedong , Xu Changbao , Xu Chuangliang , Shi Guowei , He Jiayang , Song Leming , Sun Guang , Wang Dongwen , Liu Yili , Wang Chunxi , Han Yi , Liang Peiyu , Wang Zhiping , He Wei , Chen Zhiqiang , Xing Jinchun , Xu Hua 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo explore characteristics of urinary stone composition in China, and determine the effects of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), stone location, and geographical region on stone composition.Patients and methodsWe prospectively used Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy to analyse stones from consecutive patients presenting with new‐onset urolithiasis at 46 hospitals in seven geographical areas of China, between 1 June 2010 and 31 May 2015. Chi‐squared tests and logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between stone composition and gender, age, BMI, stone location, and geographical region.ResultsThe most common stone constituents were: calcium oxalate (CaOx; 65.9%), carbapatite (15.6%), urate (12.4%), struvite (2.7%), and brushite (1.7%). CaOx and urate stones occurred more frequently in males, whereas carbapatite and struvite were more common in females (P < 0.01). CaOx and carbapatite were more common in those aged 30–50 and 20–40 years than in other groups. Brushite and struvite were most common amongst those aged <20 and >70 years. The detection rate of urate increased with age, whilst cystine decreased with age. Obese patients were more likely to have urate stones than carbapatite or brushite stones (P < 0.01). CaOx, carbapatite, brushite, and cystine stones were more frequently found in the kidney than other types, whereas urate and struvite were more frequent in the bladder (P < 0.01). Stone composition varied by geographical region.ConclusionsThe most common stone composition was CaOx, followed by carbapatite, urate, struvite, and brushite. Stone composition differed significantly in patients grouped by gender, age, BMI, stone location, and geographical region.
Fabric defect detection based on saliency histogram features
Authors: Li Min , Wan Shaohua , Deng Zhongmin , Wang Yajun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn order to increase the automatic quality control level in the textile industry, depending on the big data collected by the Internet of things of the textile factories, this paper proposes a novel visual saliency–based defect detection algorithm, which has the capability of automatically detecting defect in both nonpatterned and patterned fabrics. The algorithm employs the histogram features extracted from the saliency maps to detect the fabric defects. The algorithm involves three main steps: (1) saliency map generation to highlight the defective regions and suppress the defect‐free regions, (2) saliency histogram features extraction and selection to obtain the feature vectors that can effectively discriminate between the defective and defect‐free fabric images, and (3) fabric defect detection using a two‐class support vector machine classifier that has been trained using sets of feature vectors extracted from defective and defect‐free fabric samples. Experimental results show that our method yields accurate detections, outperforming other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
Navigating the “MACE” in Cardiovascular Outcomes Trials and decoding the relevance of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease benefits versus Heart Failure benefits
Authors: Hupfeld Christopher , Mudaliar Sunder 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe publication of results from recent cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) has transformed the landscape of diabetes treatment. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and sodium glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated CV benefits in large, well‐conducted, randomized studies. Today, empagliflozin, canagliflozin and liraglutide are US Food and Drug Administration‐approved not only for glucose‐lowering, but also to reduce the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events/CV mortality in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and established CV disease (CVD)/high CVD risk. Although the CVOTs were primarily powered for CV safety (non‐inferiority), they also demonstrated CV efficacy (superiority). This initially surprised many in the diabetes community, but the replication of the CV benefits with different compounds in the same class alleviated concerns about the CV benefits being chance findings. However, many questions remain. While the heterogeneity in the CV benefits in the various CVOTs can be attributed to the variability in CV risk in the different studies, the reason(s) for the differences in the CV benefits between the GLP‐1RA class and the SGLT2 inhibitor class appear to be more complex. An analysis of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the CVOTs shows that the CV benefits of GLP‐1RAs are predominantly specific to atherosclerotic CV events (non‐fatal myocardial infarction [MI], non‐fatal stroke and CV death). By contrast, the SGLT2 inhibitors do not have any significant effects on atherosclerotic CV events (non‐fatal MI/stroke). Their benefits are predominantly on hospitalization for heart failure (HF), suggesting effects primarily on myocardial function (“the pump”), and not on the “pipes” (coronary arteries). In the present review, we discuss the rationale for the conduct of CVOTs, highlight the inability of the classic three‐point MACE to capture the entire spectrum of atherosclerotic and non‐atherosclerotic CVD morbidity, especially HF in T2DM, and discuss the results of the CVOTs with a focus on the clinical significance of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) versus HF, which develops in a sizeable proportion of people with diabetes and without prior ASCVD.
Impact of cyclosporine A concentration on acute graft‐vs‐host disease incidence after haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Stocker Nicolas , Duléry Remy , Battipaglia Giorgia , Brissot Eolia , Médiavilla Clémence , Sestili Simona , Paviglianiti Annalisa , Ledraa Tounes , Mohty Razan , Bazarbachi Abdulhamid , Belhocine Ramdane , Vekhoff Anne , Ruggeri Annalisa , Mohty Mohamad , Malard Florent 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective study analyzed the impact of early cyclosporine A (CsA) initiation (day −3) on the risk of acute graft‐vs‐host disease (aGvHD) after haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (Haplo‐HCT) using post‐transplant cyclophosphamide.MethodsSixty‐one consecutives patients who underwent Haplo‐HCT were analyzed.ResultsAt day +180, the cumulative incidences of grade II‐IV and grade III‐IV aGvHD were 39% and 18%, respectively. Patients having a lowest CsA concentration (<301 ng/mL; the cutoff value used to segregate the patients between low and high CsA concentrations) in the first week after Haplo‐HCT had a significantly higher risk of grade II‐IV aGvHD (P = 0.02), severe grade III‐IV aGvHD (P = 0.03), cGvHD (P = 0.02), and extensive cGvHD (P = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, a higher CsA concentration (≥301 ng/mL) during the first week following Haplo‐HCT was the only parameter significantly associated with a reduced risk of grade II‐IV and grade III‐IV aGvHD (RR = 0.21; P = 0.049 and RR < 0.001; P < 0.0001, respectively). We find no correlation between CsA concentration and relapse, non‐relapse mortality, progression‐free survival, GvHD‐free and progression‐free survival, or overall survival.ConclusionsCsA could be initiated early before Haplo‐HCT with achievement of high CsA concentration to reduce the risk of aGvHD without any detrimental effect on relapse.
Gender differences in cognitive impairment among the old and the oldest‐old in China
Authors: Miyawaki Christina E , Liu Minhui 
Published: April 2019

AimTo examine gender differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment across two age cohorts in China: the old (aged 65–79 years) and the oldest‐old (aged 80–116 years).MethodsThe Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey with waves from 2008 to 2011 was used (N = 13 586). Regression analysis was used to model the gender effects on baseline cognitive function and onset of cognitive impairment. Independent variables included demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), social network, leisure activities and functional disabilities.ResultsAmong the oldest‐old, women (32.9%) were twice as likely as men (15.7%) to have cognitive impairment. For the old, women (2.2%) were only slightly more likely than men (1.9%). Regression models showed the oldest‐old women having a significantly higher risk of cognitive impairment than men (P < 0.001), even after adjusting for independent variables. No significant gender differences were found among the old cohort. SES, social network and leisure activities appeared to affect gender differences, especially among the oldest‐old. Of the independent variables examined, the gender effects were reduced the most when incorporating SES for both age cohorts.ConclusionsFor the oldest‐old, gender differences in cognitive impairment could be due to differences in SES between men and women. The old cohort showed no statistically significant gender difference at this time; however, we should follow this old cohort for their future potential gender differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 586–592.
Object Interaction and Walking: Integration of Old and New Skills in Infant Development
Authors: Heiman Carli M. , Cole Whitney G. , Lee Do Kyeong , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: April 2019

Manual skills such as reaching, grasping, and exploring objects appear months earlier in infancy than locomotor skills such as walking. To what extent do infants incorporate an old skill (manual actions on objects) into the development of a new skill (walking)? We video recorded 64 sessions of infants during free play in a laboratory playroom. Infants’ age (12.7–19.5 months), walking experience (0.5–10.3 months), and walking proficiency (speed, step length, etc.) varied widely. We found that the earlier developing skills of holding and exploring objects were immediately incorporated into the later developing skill of walking. Although holding incurred a reliable cost to infants’ gait patterns, holding and exploring objects in hand were relatively common activities and did not change with development. Moreover, holding objects was equally common in standing and walking. However, infants did not interact with objects indiscriminately: Object exploration was more frequent while standing than walking, and infants selectively chose lighter objects to carry and explore. Findings suggest that the earlier appearance of some skills may serve to motivate and enrich later appearing skills.
Assessment of lignocellulosic biorefineries in Germany using a hybrid LCA multi‐objective optimization model
Authors: Budzinski Maik , Cavalett Otávio , Nitzsche Roy , Strømman Anders Hammer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study a tiered hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) multi‐objective optimization model is developed and applied to determine the optimal choice of new biorefinery technologies in Germany. Thereby, several aspects can be explicitly addressed, including a regionally differentiated accountability of sustainable feedstock availability, identification of environmental impacts along global value chains, and identification of trade‐offs between different sustainability goals. The model is applied to assess the optimal choice between two lignocellulosic biorefinery concepts. Two optimization objectives are taken into account: maximizing the investor's profit and minimizing global impacts on climate change related to a specified demand for products. In terms of environmental impacts, the model also takes into account the comparison of new biorefineries with current available technologies producing the specified final demand. The results of the case study show that the biorefinery concept including the ethylene production is more beneficial in terms of reducing climate impacts, while on the other hand the biorefinery including the ethanol production is more cost‐effective. Depending on the decision‐maker's preference on weighting the two objectives, different capacities of biorefineries and optimal locations in Germany are identified. Furthermore, regions in Germany providing the necessary biomass feedstock can be identified on a county level. Finally, we argue that the extension of LCA by multi‐objective optimization is well suited guiding the way toward well‐informed decision‐making in the field of technological choices.
Informal Networks of Low‐Income Mothers: Support, Burden, and Change
Authors: Radey Melissa , McWey Lenore M. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe authors examined the support and burden of low‐income, urban mothers' informal networks.BackgroundLiving or growing up in poverty strongly predicts barriers and instability across several life domains for mothers and their children. Informal networks can play a critical role in promoting maternal and child well‐being particularly in the midst of poverty. Understanding informal support and the reciprocal burden it may create is especially relevant for low‐income families living with a reduced public safety net in the post–welfare reform era. Therefore, study aims were to measure support and burden among low‐income mothers and determine if support and burden change over time.MethodData were from the Welfare, Children, Families project, a longitudinal study of 2,400 low‐income caregivers of children and adolescents living in Boston, Chicago, or San Antonio. We applied latent class analyses to support and burden indicators in four domains—emotional, favor, child care, and financial.ResultsThe results supported the following four profiles of informal networks: healthy, unhealthy, burden only, and support only. Although most mothers had healthy informal networks, approximately one third experienced no support or support imbalance, which related to network changes at later time points. Demographic characteristics largely were not predictive of support profile or profile change.ConclusionAlthough many mothers had healthy support and burden, the most vulnerable did not have consistently healthy informal networks. The identification of a sizable minority of low‐income mothers who cannot consistently rely on informal support is significant in light of the diminished formal supports available to children and families.
Primary oral leiomyosarcoma: A systematic review and update
Authors: Ko Eugene 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to address the clinicopathologic inconsistencies noted with primary oral leiomyosarcoma in the literature by amassing the available data published into a comprehensive analysis. Eligibility criteria included publications of cases with dedicated immunohistochemical work‐up along with radiographs to evaluate location. Based on these criteria, the systematic review compiled 29 cases. Four primary location sites were identified in the reported cases: soft tissue presentation only, soft tissue with bony involvement, bony involvement only, and bony involvement with a soft tissue component. The majority of primary oral leiomyosarcoma cases reviewed showed a soft tissue predilection, which is in contrast to prior reports of jawbones being the most common site. In addition, there was an improved 5‐year survival rate for primary oral leiomyosarcoma limited to the oral cavity and gnathic bones without extension into paranasal sinuses.
Pitavastatin attenuates cisplatin-induced renal injury by targeting MAPK and apoptotic pathways
Authors: Kaushik Swati , Tomar Ameesha , Puthanmadhom Narayanan Susrutha , Nag Tapas Chandra , Arya Dharamvir Singh , Bhatia Jagriti 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
Anti-neoplastic drug cisplatin is prescribed widely for treatment of a variety of malignancies. Its use has been restricted lately due to severe renal toxicity. The purpose of current study was to investigate the effect of pitavastatin (a hypolipidaemic drug) in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats.

Method
Male Wistar rats (150–200 g) were treated with different doses of pitavastatin (0.16, 0.32 and 0.64 mg/kg per day p.o.; 10 days). On 7th day of the study, rats were administered cisplatin (8 mg/kg i.p.). Rats were euthanized (11th day), and blood and tissues were processed to evaluate biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural parameters along with the analysis of immunohistochemistry and DNA-fragmentation studies. Protein expressions were analysed to demonstrate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Key findings
In the study group with cisplatin insult, KFT parameters were found to be elevated, concentration of apoptotic markers was found to be increased, histopathological and ultramicroscopical architecture was found to be distorted and the expression of MAPK proteins was also found to be elevated as compared to the normal group rats. Pitavastatin treatment alleviated all these anomalies.

Conclusion
Cisplatin-induced acute renal injury was improved on administration of pitavastatin via inhibition of MAPK and apoptotic pathway.
Cytokine balance is restored as patient‐reported outcomes improve in patients recovering from chronic hepatitis C
Authors: de Avila Leyla , Weinstein Ali A. , Estep J. Michael , Curry Michael P. , Golabi Pegah , Escheik Carey , Birerdinc Aybike , Stepanova Maria , Gerber Lynn , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsChronic hepatitis C (CHC) has a negative impact on patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). Although most CHC patients who achieve sustained virologic response (SVR) show an improvement in PRO scores, some continue to experience impairment in PROs. The aim was to investigate if serum biomarkers (selected neurotransmitters and cytokines) are associated with changes in PROs in CHC patients who achieve SVR.MethodsData were utilized from a prospective clinical trial of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir fixed‐dose combination. Chronic genotype 1 HCV subjects without cirrhosis (N = 40, age: 45.3 ± 11.5, 48% male, 90% white) were treated for 12 weeks open label with 97% achieving SVR24. PRO questionnaires included Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire‐HCV (CLDQ‐HCV) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue (FACIT‐F). Sera were used for measurement of selected neurotransmitters and cytokines. Data were collected at baseline and follow‐up week 24.ResultsChanges in physical health correlated with changes in several biomarkers. BDNF negatively correlated with SF‐36 physical health summary score (rho = −0.34, P < 0.05), SF‐36 physical functioning (rho = −0.34, P < 0.05), SF‐36 bodily pain (rho = −0.39, P < 0.05) and FACIT‐F physical well‐being (rho = −0.54, P < 0.001). Changes in emotional well‐being (FACIT‐F) were positively associated with changes in serotonin (rho = 0.34, P < 0.05), but negatively associated with changes in GABA and BDNF (rho = −0.4, P = 0.01, and rho = −0.35, P < 0.05 respectively).ConclusionsThese data indicate relationships between PROs and serum biomarkers pre‐ and post‐SVR in CHC. These concomitant changes may have important clinical relevance.
The Gossypium hirsutum TIR‐NBS‐LRR gene GhDSC1 mediates resistance against Verticillium wilt
Authors: Li Ting‐Gang , Wang Bao‐Li , Yin Chun‐Mei , Zhang Dan‐Dan , Wang Dan , Song Jian , Zhou Lei , Kong Zhi‐Qiang , Klosterman Steven J. , Li Jun‐Jiao , Adamu Sabiu , Liu Ting‐Li , Subbarao Krishna V. , Chen Jie‐Yin , Dai Xiao‐Feng 
Published: April 2019

SummaryImproving genetic resistance is a preferred method to manage Verticillium wilt of cotton and other hosts. Identifying host resistance is difficult because of the dearth of resistance genes against this pathogen. Previously, a novel candidate gene involved in Verticillium wilt resistance was identified by a genome‐wide association study using a panel of Gossypium hirsutum accessions. In this study, we cloned the candidate resistance gene from cotton that encodes a protein sharing homology with the TIR‐NBS‐LRR receptor‐like defence protein DSC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter named GhDSC1). GhDSC1 expressed at higher levels in response to Verticillium wilt and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment in resistant cotton cultivars as compared to susceptible cultivars and its product was localized to nucleus. The transfer of GhDSC1 to Arabidopsis conferred Verticillium resistance in an A. thaliana dsc1 mutant. This resistance response was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and increased expression of JA‐signalling‐related genes. Furthermore, the expression of GhDSC1 in response to Verticillium wilt and JA signalling in A. thaliana displayed expression patterns similar to GhCAMTA3 in cotton under identical conditions, suggesting a coordinated DSC1 and CAMTA3 response in A. thaliana to Verticillium wilt. Analyses of GhDSC1 sequence polymorphism revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference between resistant and susceptible cotton accessions, within the P‐loop motif encoded by GhDSC1. This SNP difference causes ineffective activation of defence response in susceptible cultivars. These results demonstrated that GhDSC1 confers Verticillium resistance in the model plant system of A. thaliana, and therefore represents a suitable candidate for the genetic engineering of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.
Illness uncertainty and complementary and alternative medicine use in patients undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: Jeon Hae Ok , Kim Bo Hye , Kim Oksoo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, we identified the relationships between illness uncertainty, subjective health, and the use of complementary and alternative medicine in patients undergoing hemodialysis. In total, 138 participants who were diagnosed with stages 4–5 chronic kidney disease and currently receiving hemodialysis were included. A cross‐sectional, correlational design was utilized. Illness uncertainty was associated with education, monthly income, employment, and subjective health. The use of complementary and alternative medicine was not related to illness uncertainty. Among the subdomains of illness uncertainty, ambiguity and unpredictability were related to subjective health; 24.6% of the participants were currently using complementary and alternative medicine and 19.6% had used it in the past. Such methods were mainly used for the effective treatment of diseases or relief of symptoms; 88.5% of those using complementary and alternative medicine consumed vitamins, specific foods, or dietary supplements. However, the proportion of participants who consulted with health‐care providers was not high. When planning nursing interventions for patients treated with hemodialysis, assessments on illness uncertainty and complementary and alternative medicine use are needed.