bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awake craniotomy for a cavernous angioma in the Broca’s area
Authors: Albuquerque Lucas Alverne F. , Pessoa Fátima C. , Diógenes Gabryella S. , Borges Felipe S. , Araújo Filho Stélio C. 
Published: October 2018

Cavernous angiomas constitute 5%–10% of cerebrovascular malformations and may cause seizure and neurological deficits from bleeding.4 The authors present a case of a 44-year-old man with a 3.5-year history of epilepsy without complete seizure control despite anticonvulsants. Brain MRI showed a 2.8 cm cavernous angioma at the left pars opercularis, also known as the Broca’s area.3 The patient underwent an awake craniotomy for intraoperative cortical–subcortical language and sensory-motor mapping for a complete resection of the cavernous angioma and the hemosiderin rim.1–6 The procedure was uneventful, and the patient evolved seizure free and with no deficits.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/QajbLIsr_vg.
Mapping of the internal capsule with subcortical stimulation for gross-total resection of a thalamic metastatic tumor
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sima , Aydin Ilhan , Wheeler Bryan , Baskaya Mustafa K. 
Published: October 2018

Although the surgical treatment of thalamic tumors remains challenging due to the proximity to the internal capsule, safe resection of gliomas or metastatic tumors of the thalamus are possible in some selected cases due to a better understanding of microsurgical anatomy and due to advances in neurophysiological mapping and monitoring.In this video, the authors demonstrate the use of mapping of the internal capsule with direct subcortical stimulation for the resection of a metastatic tumor. The patient is a 58-year-old man with a history of renal cell carcinoma and metastasis in the left thalamus and parieto-occipital region. He underwent stereotactic radiation of both tumors at an outside hospital. Due to the increased size of both tumors and surrounding vasogenic edema, he was referred to the authors for resection. He underwent gross-total resection via an interhemispheric transcallosal approach. His postoperative course was uneventful and did not have any focal neurological deficits, including motor, sensory, or visual functions.The authors’ surgical approach to this metastatic thalamic tumor and the intraoperative real-time direct subcortical stimulation of the internal capsule during surgery are demonstrated in this video.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/DmDxjJUSZWU.
Surgical treatment of epilepsy in Vietnam: program development and international collaboration
Authors: Rocque Brandon G. , Davis Matthew C. , McClugage Samuel G. , Tuan Dang Anh , King Donald T. , Huong Nguyen Thi , Thi Bich Van Nguyen , Kankirawatana Pongkiat , Vu Hung Cao , Nam Thang Le , Johnston James M. , Duc Lien Nguyen 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this report was to describe an international collaboration model to facilitate the surgical treatment of children with epilepsy in Vietnam.METHODSThis model uses three complementary methods to achieve a meaningful expansion in epilepsy surgery capacity: US-based providers visiting Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese providers visiting the US; and ongoing telecollaboration, including case review and real-time mentorship using internet-based communication platforms.RESULTSIntroductions took place during a US neurosurgeon’s visit to Vietnam in 2014. Given the Vietnamese surgeon’s expertise in intraventricular tumor surgery, the focus of the initial visit was corpus callosotomy. After two operations performed jointly, the Vietnamese surgeon went on to perform 10 more callosotomy procedures in the ensuing 6 months with excellent results. The collaborative work grew and matured in 2016–2017, with 40 pediatric epilepsy surgeries performed from 2015 through 2017. Because pediatric epilepsy care requires far more than neurosurgery, teams traveling to Vietnam included a pediatric neurologist and an electroencephalography (EEG) technologist. Also, in 2016–2017, a neurosurgeon, two neurologists, and an EEG nurse from Vietnam completed 2- to 3-month fellowships at Children’s of Alabama (COA) in the US. These experiences improved EEG capabilities and facilitated the development of intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG), making nonlesional epilepsy treatment more feasible. The final component has been ongoing, i.e., regular communication. The Vietnamese team regularly sends case summaries for discussion to the COA epilepsy conference. Three patients in Vietnam have undergone resection guided by ECoG without the US team present, although there was communication via internet-based telecollaboration tools between Vietnamese and US EEG technologists. To date, two of these three patients remain seizure free. The Vietnamese team has presented the results of their epilepsy experience at two international functional and epilepsy surgery scientific meetings.CONCLUSIONSOngoing international collaboration has improved the surgical care of epilepsy in Vietnam. Experience suggests that the combination of in-country and US-based training, augmented by long-distance telecollaboration, is an effective paradigm for increasing the capacity for highly subspecialized, multidisciplinary neurosurgical care.
Socioeconomic restraints and brain tumor surgery in low-income countries
Authors: Helal Ahmed E. , Abouzahra Heba , Fayed Ahmed Abdelaziz , Rayan Tarek , Abbassy Mahmoud 
Published: October 2018

Healthcare spending has become a grave concern to national budgets worldwide, and to a greater extent in low-income countries. Brain tumors are a serious disease that affects a significant percentage of the population, and thus proper allocation of healthcare provisions for these patients to achieve acceptable outcomes is a must.The authors reviewed patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection at their institution for the preceding 3 months. All the methods used for preoperative planning, intraoperative management, and postoperative care of these patients were documented. Compromises to limit spending were made at each stage to limit expenditure, including low-resolution MRI, sparse use of intraoperative monitoring and image guidance, and lack of dedicated postoperative neurocritical ICU.This study included a cohort of 193 patients. The average cost from diagnosis to discharge was $1795 per patient (costs are expressed in USD). On average, there was a mortality rate of 10.5% and a neurological morbidity rate of 14%, of whom only 82.2% improved on discharge or at follow-up. The average length of stay at the hospital for these patients was 9.09 days, with a surgical site infection rate of only 3.5%.The authors believe that despite the great number of financial limitations facing neurosurgical practice in low-income countries, surgery can still be performed with reasonable outcomes.
Trends in neurosurgical care in Western Uganda: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Abdelgadir Jihad , Elahi Cyrus , Corley Jacquelyn , Wall Kevin C. , Najjuma Josephine N. , Muhindo Alex , Nickenig Vissoci Joao Ricardo , Haglund Michael M. , Kitya David 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVEIn addition to the rising burden of surgical disease globally, infrastructure and human resources for health remain a great challenge for low- and middle-income countries, especially in Uganda. In this study, the authors aim to explore the trends of neurosurgical care at a regional referral hospital in Uganda and assess the long-term impact of the institutional collaboration between Mulago National Referral Hospital and Duke University.METHODSAn interrupted time series is a quasi-experimental design used to evaluate the effects of an intervention on longitudinal data. The authors applied this design to evaluate the trends in monthly mortality rates for neurosurgery patients at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) from March 2013 to October 2015. They used segmented regression and autoregressive integrated moving average models for the analysis.RESULTSOver the study timeframe, MRRH experienced significant increases in referrals received (from 117 in 2013 to 211 in 2015), neurosurgery patients treated (from 337 in 2013 to 625 in 2015), and operations performed (from 61 in 2013 to 173 in 2015). Despite increasing patient volumes, the hospital achieved a significant reduction in hospital mortality during 2015 compared to prior years (p value = 0.0039).CONCLUSIONSThis interrupted time series analysis study showed improving trends of neurosurgical care in Western Uganda. There is a steady increase in volume accompanied by a sharp decrease in mortality through the years. Multiple factors are implicated in the significant increase in volume and decrease in mortality, including the addition of a part-time neurosurgeon, improvement in infrastructure, and increased experience. Further in-depth prospective studies exploring seasonality and long-term outcomes are warranted.
Challenges and opportunities for effective data collection in global neurosurgery: traumatic brain injury surveillance experience in Malawi
Authors: Quinsey Carolyn , Eaton Jessica , Northam Weston , Gilleskie Matt , Charles Anthony , Hadar Eldad 
Published: October 2018

Global health research can transform clinical and surgical practice worldwide. Partnerships between US academic centers and hospitals in low- and middle-income counties can improve clinical care at the host institution hospital and give the visiting institution access to a large volume of valuable research data. Recognizing the value of these partnerships, the University of North Carolina (UNC) formed a partnership with Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi.The Department of Neurosurgery joined the partnership with KCH and designed a Head Trauma Surveillance Registry. The success of this registry depended on the development of methods to accurately collect head injury data at KCH. Since medical record documentation is often unreliable in this setting, data collection teams were implemented to capture data from head trauma patients on a 24-hours-a-day, 7-days-a-week basis. As data collection improved, pilot groups tested methods to collect new variables and the registry expanded. UNC provided onsite and remote oversight to strengthen the accuracy of the data.Data accuracy still remains a hurdle in global research. Data collection teams, oversight from UNC, pilot group testing, and meaningful collaboration with local physicians improved the accuracy of the head trauma registry. Overall, these methods helped create a more accurate epidemiological and outcomes-centered analysis of brain injury patients at KCH to date.
The challenges and opportunities of global neurosurgery in East Africa: the Neurosurgery Education and Development model
Authors: Leidinger Andreas , Extremera Pablo , Kim Eliana E. , Qureshi Mahmood M. , Young Paul H. , Piquer José 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to describe the experience of a volunteering neurosurgeon during an 18-week stay at the Neurosurgery Education and Development (NED) Institute and to report the general situation regarding the development of neurosurgery in Zanzibar, identifying the challenges and opportunities and explaining the NED Foundation’s model for safe practice and sustainability.METHODSThe NED Foundation deployed the volunteer neurosurgeon coordinator (NC) for an 18-week stay at the NED Institute at the Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Stonetown, Zanzibar. The main roles of the NC were as follows: management of patients, reinforcement of weekly academic activities, coordination of international surgical camps, and identification of opportunities for improvement. The improvement opportunities were categorized as clinical, administrative, and sociocultural and were based on observations made by the NC as well as on interviews with local doctors, administrators, and government officials.RESULTSDuring the 18-week period, the NC visited 460 patients and performed 85 surgical procedures. Four surgical camps were coordinated on-site. Academic activities were conducted weekly. The most significant challenges encountered were an intense workload, deficient infrastructure, lack of self-confidence among local physicians, deficiencies in technical support and repairs of broken equipment, and lack of guidelines. Through a series of interviews, the sociocultural factors influencing the NED Foundation’s intervention were determined. Factors identified for success were the activity of neurosurgical societies in East Africa; structured pan-African neurosurgical training; the support of the Foundation for International Education in Neurological Surgery (FIENS) and the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa (COSECSA); motivated personnel; and the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar’s willingness to collaborate with the NED Foundation.CONCLUSIONSInternational collaboration programs should balance local challenges and opportunities in order to effectively promote the development of neurosurgery in East Africa. Support and endorsement should be sought to harness shared resources and experience. Determining the caregiving and educational objectives within the logistic, administrative, social, and cultural framework of the target hospital is paramount to success.
Neurosurgical digital teaching in low-middle income countries: beyond the frontiers of traditional education
Authors: Nicolosi Federico , Rossini Zefferino , Zaed Ismail , Kolias Angelos G. , Fornari Maurizio , Servadei Franco 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVENeurosurgical training is usually based on traditional sources of education, such as papers, books, direct surgical experience, and cadaveric hands-on courses. In low-middle income countries, standard education programs are often unavailable, mainly owing to the lack of human and economic resources. Introducing digital platforms in these settings could be an alternative solution for bridging the gap between Western and poor countries in neurosurgical knowledge.METHODSThe authors identified from the Internet the main digital platforms that could easily be adopted in low-middle income countries. They selected free/low-cost mobile content with high educational impact.RESULTSThe platforms that were identified as fulfilling the characteristics described above are WFNS Young Neurosurgeons Forum Stream, Brainbook, NeuroMind, UpSurgeOn, The Neurosurgical Atlas, Touch surgery, The 100 UCLA Subjects in Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Survival Guide, EANS (European Association of Neurosurgical Societies) Academy, Neurosurgical.TV, 3D Neuroanatomy, The Rhoton Collection, and Hinari. These platforms consist of webinars, 3D interactive neuroanatomy and neurosurgery content, videos, and e-learning programs supported by neurosurgical associations or journals.CONCLUSIONSDigital education is an emerging tool for contributing to the spread of information in the neurosurgical community. The continuous improvement in the quality of content will rapidly increase the scientific validity of digital programs. In conclusion, the fast and easy access to digital resources could contribute to promote neurosurgical education in countries with limited facilities.
Global neurosurgery: models for international surgical education and collaboration at one university
Authors: Almeida Joao Paulo , Velásquez Carlos , Karekezi Claire , Marigil Miguel , Hodaie Mojgan , Rutka James T. , Bernstein Mark 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVEInternational collaborations between high-income (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been developed as an attempt to reduce the inequalities in surgical care around the world. In this paper the authors review different models for international surgical education and describe projects developed by the Division of Neurosurgery at the University of Toronto in this field.METHODSThe authors conducted a review of models of international surgical education reported in the literature in the last 15 years. Previous publications on global neurosurgery reported by the Division of Neurosurgery at the University of Toronto were reviewed to exemplify the applications and challenges of international surgical collaborations.RESULTSThe most common models for international surgical education and collaboration include international surgical missions, long-term international partnerships, fellowship training models, and online surgical education. Development of such collaborations involves different challenges, including limited time availability, scarce funding/resources, sociocultural barriers, ethical challenges, and lack of organizational support. Of note, evaluation of outcomes of international surgical projects remains limited, and the development and application of assessment tools, such as the recently proposed Framework for the Assessment of International Surgical Success (FAIRNeSS), is encouraged.CONCLUSIONSActions to reduce inequality in surgical care should be implemented around the world. Different models can be used for bilateral exchange of knowledge and improvement of surgical care delivery in regions where there is poor access to surgical care. Implementation of global neurosurgery initiatives faces multiple limitations that can be ameliorated if systematic changes occur, such as the development of academic positions in global surgery, careful selection of participant centers, governmental and nongovernmental financial support, and routine application of outcome evaluation for international surgical collaborations.
Preparing The Critically Ill Adult Patient for Transfer
Authors: Menzies David , Murphy Anna Marie 
Published: October 2018

<p><strong>Background</strong></p><p>The reorganisation of hospital services in Ireland, the development of hospital groups, centralisation of specialties and reconfiguring of smaller hospitals necessitates inter hospital transfer of patients requiring specialist care to an appropriate hospital that meets their clinical needs. In Ireland, in excess of 1000 adult critical care inter hospital transfers occur per annum(1). The ‘hub-and-spoke’ model is aligned with the hospital group structure and connectivity between hospitals is provided through agreed transport and retrieval services. These transfers are generally undertaken by local teams (usually an anaesthetic NCHD and a nurse) using an emergency ambulance and crew. Multidisciplinary team training is provided, by Critical Care Retrieval Services, using local resources in a framework enhancing safety and preparedness.</p><p><strong>Aims </strong></p><p>A critical care transfer checklist with a systematic approach provides a framework to address the elements of critical care, transport physiology changes and reduce potential adverse events when transferring critically ill patients (2). The use of transport specific adjuncts and packaging the patient systematically not only addresses transport issues e.g. temperature, but also facilitates emergency interventions en route.</p><p><strong>Conclusion </strong></p><p>Patient safety is a fundamental principle in healthcare and is the responsibility of healthcare practitioners to apply quality improvement methods to effect process and system improvements. The use of a systematic approach to patient management when transporting critically ill patients establishes a higher level of performance reduces cognitive dissonance and provides a framework for clinical teams and reduces the potential for human error (3).</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Die italienischen Gewerkschaften - eine Bestandsaufnahme von den 70er Jahren bis heute
Authors: Rieser Vittorio 
Published: October 2018

After the deconstruction of the Italian trade unions which took place in the eighties due to a political anti-trade-unions offensive by the state and enterprises, a careful renaissance of trade union politics has started since the early nineties. This revival is owing to the new production models, on the one hand, which are rediscovering the role of human labour and are therefore opting for a stronger cooperation; on the other hand it is an expression of the opposition against a repetition of the state's austerity policy which fosters the unity of the trade unions.
RUMAH IBADAH SEBAGAI MEDAN KONTESTASI BERAGAMA
Authors: Saprillah Saprillah 
Published: October 2018

The house of worship become an interesting phenomena among the religion community, in recent years. The minority tends very hard to build their houses of worship. This paper aims to describe that houses of worship become battle area among the reliogion community. Seven cases of houses of worship in East Kalimantan are best example for that symbolic battle. Not only between two different religion community but also the same religion community.This paper explains that houses of worship become battle area among the reliogion community was caused by; 1) houses of worship is well known as symbolic and artificial. Not just for pure worship for sure. 2). Syndrome of majority. The majority reject to live side by side in peace. 3). Those people are not ready to live together in multicultural area.
Contribution à l'étude du gîte de vanadinite d'Herival
Authors: Durand Georges 
Published: October 2018

Le gîte de vanadinite d'Herival est étudié dans le but d'en déterminer le mode de formation.
La présence de montmorillonite et de galène conduit à imaginer le processus suivant : la galène s'altère et libère des ions (Pb++) qui /sont adsorbés par la montmorillonite, les eaux de ruissellement apportent le (Cl-) ainsi que des colloïdes humiques ayant eux-mêmes adsorbé des anions vanadiques : la vanadinite se forme au sein de l'argile. La synthèse de ce minerai a été ensuite réalisée à froid par ce processus et la méthode peut être généralisée pour la synthèse d'autres minéraux.
Inferring the Composition of Disintegrating Planet Interiors from Dust Tails with Future James Webb Space Telescope Observations
Authors: Bodman Eva H. L. , Wright Jason T. , Desch Steven J. , Lisse Carey M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Disintegrating planets allow for the unique opportunity to study the composition of the interiors of small, hot, rocky exoplanets because the interior is evaporating and that material is condensing into dust, which is being blown away and then transiting the star. Their transit signal is dominated by dusty effluents forming a comet-like tail trailing the host planet (or leading it, in the case of K2-22b), making these good candidates for transmission spectroscopy. To assess the ability of such observations to diagnose the dust composition, we simulate the transmission spectra from 5 to 14 μm for the planet tail assuming an optically thin dust cloud comprising a single dust species with a constant column density scaled to yield a chosen visible transit depth. We find that silicate resonant features near 10 μm can produce transit depths that are at least as large as those in the visible. For the average transit depth of 0.55% in the Kepler band for K2-22b, the features in the transmission spectra can be as large as 1%, which is detectable with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) MIRI low-resolution spectrograph in a single transit. The detectability of compositional features is easier with an average grain size of 1 μm despite features being more prominent with smaller grain sizes. We find most features are still detectable for transit depths of ∼0.3% in the visible range. If more disintegrating planets are found with future missions such as the space telescope TESS, follow-up observations with JWST can explore the range of planetary compositions.