bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Tachyonic Instability on the Schwinger Effect by Axial Coupling in Natural Inflation Model When Strong Back‐Reaction Exists
Authors: Kamarpour Mehran 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe influence of tachyonic instability on the Schwinger effect is investigated by axial coupling in the natural single‐field inflation model when strong back‐reaction exists in two parts. First, the Schwinger effect is considered when the conformal invariance of Maxwell action should be broken by axial coupling with the inflaton field by identifying the standard horizon scale at the very beginning of inflation for additional boundary term and use several values of coupling constant and estimate electric and magnetic energy densities and energy density of produced charged particles due to the Schwinger effect. It has been found that for both coupling functions the energy density of the produced charged particles due to the Schwinger effect is so high and spoils inflaton field. In fact the strong coupling or back‐reaction occurs because the energy density of produced charged particles is exceeding of inflaton field. Two coupling functions are used to break conformal invariance of maxwell action. The simplest coupling function and a curvature based coupling function where is the potential of natural inflation. In second part, in oder to avoid strong back‐reaction problem, the horizon scale is identified in which a given Fourier begins to become tachyonically unstable.The influence of this scale is reducing the value of coupling constant and weakening the back‐reaction problem but in both cases strong coupling or strong back‐reaction exists and the Schwinger effect is impossible. Therefore, the Schwinger effect in this model is not possible and spoils inflation. Instantly, the Schwinger effect produces very high energy density of charged particles which causes back‐reaction problem and spoils inflaton field. It has been stressed that due to existence of strong back‐reaction in two cases the energy density of the produced charged particles due to the Schwinger effect spoils inflation. The influence of tachyonic instability in this model is quiet different from our published work in Kamarpour. In Kamarpour, this effect appears by vanishing of electromagnetic energy density and the energy density of charged particles at the very beginning of inflation.
Columbianadin Ameliorates Myocardial Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy Through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in AMI Mice and Hypoxic H9c2 Cells
Authors: Zi‐Chang Niu , Ran An , Hui‐hui Shi , Qi Jin , Jun‐li Song , Yan‐xu Chang , Yu‐Hong Li , Shu‐fei Fu , Hao‐ping Mao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality among cardiovascular diseases, yet effective therapies for AMI are limited. Previous studies have suggested cardioprotective effects of columbianadin (CBN), but its specific role in AMI and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate whether CBN influences AMI and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We conducted a network pharmacology analysis to investigate the relationship between CBN and AMI. The AMI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) artery in C57BL/6J mice, which were subsequently administered CBN. Hypoxic H9c2 cells were utilized to evaluate the effects of CBN in vitro. Our study revealed that CBN treatment significantly reduced myocardial infarction in AMI mice. It enhanced mitochondrial function and suppressed autophagy flux in hypoxic H9c2 cells. Furthermore, CBN downregulated the expression of LC3, Beclin1, and Atg 5 genes and proteins. In response to CBN treatment, the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR increased. Notably, RAPA attenuated the protective effect of CBN in enhancing the survival of hypoxic H9c2 cells and abolished its regulation of autophagy‐related proteins via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, CBN reduces myocardial damage by suppressing autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in AMI mice and hypoxic H9c2 cells.
Integrated Fault Estimation and Fault‐Tolerant Control for Switched Stochastic Systems With Unknown Input
Authors: Zhang Jiuling , Han Jian , Liu Xiuhua , Wei Xinjiang , Zhu Xiaodan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, fault estimation (FE) and fault‐tolerant control (FTC) are studied for switched stochastic nonlinear systems with unknown input and faults. The dynamic unknown input observer (DUIO) and disturbance observer are designed, and the system state, faults, and disturbances can be reconstructed. The DUIO designed in this paper is the extension of the traditional unknown input observer (UIO) and the proportional‐integral observer. The unknown input, which contains unmodeled disturbance, uncertainty, can be decoupled by the estimation error system. A dynamic output feedback controller based on observers is designed to compensate for actuator fault and modelable disturbance. The integration scheme of FE and FTC is designed, and the one‐step linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) conditions are constructed, which avoids the coupling of observer and controller parameters. The root‐mean‐square (RMS) gain is used to attenuate the unknown input and unmodelable disturbances in the closed‐loop systems, which can remove some common assumptions. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations.
Direct Ink Writing of Rigid Microparticles
Authors: Pradal Pauline , Kim Jong Bin , Nam Seong Kyeong , Kim Shin‐Hyun , Amstad Esther 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDirect ink writing (DIW) enables 3D printing of macroscopic objects with well‐defined structures and compositions that controllably change over length scales of order 100 µm. Unfortunately, only a limited number of materials can be processed through DIW because it imparts stringent rheological requirements on inks. This limitation can be overcome for soft materials, if they are formulated as microparticles that, if jammed, fulfill the rheological requirements to be printed. By contrast, densely packed rigid microparticles with stiffnesses exceeding 2 MPa do not exhibit appropriate rheological properties that enable DIW. Here, an ink composed of up to 60 vol% rigid microparticles with core stiffnesses up to 50 MPa is introduced. To achieve this goal, rigid microparticles possessing soft hydrogel shells are produced. The 3D printed fragile granular structure is transformed into a load‐bearing granular material through the formation of a 2nd network within the soft shells and in the interstitial spaces. The potential of these particles is demonstrated to be printed into intricate 3D structures, such as a trophy cup, or cast into flexible macroscopic photonic films.
Introduction: Threats to Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Suter Christian , Chesters Jenny , Fachelli Sandra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the beginning of 2020 a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, spread from China to firstly Europe and then the rest of the world provoking a global health and economic crisis threatening well-being and quality of life in all countries across the globe. This chapter introduces the edited volume and its 12 contributions examining the impact of COVID-19 on four core aspects of well-being: subjective well-being, employment and workers’ well-being including work-life balance, sociability and solidarity, and children’s and youths’ well-being. Highlighting the global, comparative perspective adopted in the present volume, including both the experiences of countries from the Global North and the Global South, this chapter introduces the core concepts and measures of well-being employed in the contributions of this volume, discusses the relationship between crisis and well-being, and the various economic, social, political, cultural, and demographic factors impacting on well-being, and explains the focus of this volume. The chapter concludes by summarizing the parts and chapters included in the present volume.
The Latent Classes of the Volunteer Satisfaction Index and Donation During the Pandemic in Singapore
Authors: Son Joonmo , Sung Pildoo , Tay Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVoluntary associations reduced traditional volunteer activities because of governmental restrictions on face-to-face social interactions that aimed to control the spread of the coronavirus disease during the pandemic. Therefore it is expected that those whose level of satisfaction in organized volunteerism was high took alternative ways, such as donative behaviors, to practice their altruistic values. The study used data from the Individual Giving Study in Singapore, which was administered in 2021 when the pandemic hit the country hard. The study utilized a Latent Class Analysis (LCA) of the Volunteer Satisfaction Index (Galindo-Kuhn, and Guzley, 2001. Journal of Social Service Research 28:45–68). The LCA identified five subgroups of the current and former volunteers. The multivariable regression results showed that a minority of volunteers with the highest overall satisfaction (14%) or the high participation efficacy and group integration satisfaction (13%) were more likely to donate. The results demonstrated that volunteer satisfaction may encourage volunteers to donate generously to more causes despite the impact of a pandemic. In conclusion, volunteer satisfaction was positively associated with donation during the pandemic when onsite and face-to-face volunteering was limited.
Bad Students Make Great Teachers: Active Learning Accelerates Large-Scale Visual Understanding
Authors: Evans Talfan , Pathak Shreya , Merzic Hamza , Schwarz Jonathan , Tanno Ryutaro , Hénaff Olivier J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPower-law scaling indicates that large-scale training with uniform sampling is prohibitively slow. Active learning methods aim to increase data efficiency by prioritizing learning on the most relevant examples. Despite their appeal, these methods have yet to be widely adopted since no one algorithm has been shown to a) generalize across models and tasks b) scale to large datasets and c) yield overall FLOP savings when accounting for the overhead of data selection. In this work we propose a method which satisfies these three properties, leveraging small, cheap proxy models to estimate “learnability” scores for datapoints, which are used to prioritize data for training much larger models. As a result, models trained using our methods – ClassAct and ActiveCLIP – require 46% and 51% fewer training updates and up to 25% less total computation to reach the same performance as uniformly-trained visual classifiers on JFT and multimodal models on ALIGN, respectively. Finally, we find our data-prioritization scheme to be complementary with recent data-curation and learning objectives, yielding a new state-of-the-art in several multimodal transfer tasks.
Exponential Experiments with Natural Uranium
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho , Chiba Go , Endo Tomohiro , Watanabe Kenichi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe purposes of the exponential experiments are to obtain reactor physics parameters for determining the criticality conditions of a nuclear reactor, and to confirm the feasibility of a newly proposed reactor concept. When conducting the experiments and modifying various methodologies and reactor constants used in the calculations, a target reactor can be brought closer to realization. The final goal of the exponential experiments is to realize a subcritical steady-state reactor with an external neutron source, and to determine neutronics characteristics of the reactor by measuring spatial neutron flux distributions in a subcritical system. In this chapter, an experimental system is introduced for conducting exponential experiments using natural uranium and polyethylene reflector at KUCA. Moreover, theoretical preparation and experimental procedures are described to obtain the reactor physics parameters, including the multiplication factor, spatial decay constant, and material buckling using reaction rate distributions measured by neutron detectors.
Neutron Measurements
Authors: Pyeon Cheol Ho , Chiba Go , Endo Tomohiro , Watanabe Kenichi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe target of measurement in reactor physics experiments using nuclear reactors is neutron emitted in fission reactions. The purpose of this chapter is to acquire knowledge and skills on the basic operational characteristics of neutron detectors, signal processing methods, and the fundamentals of data analysis.
Fourier Type Operators on Orlicz Spaces and the Role of Orlicz Lebesgue Exponents
Authors: Bonino Matteo , Coriasco Sandro , Petersson Albin , Toft Joachim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe deduce continuity and (global) wave-front properties of classes of Fourier multipliers, pseudo-differential, and Fourier integral operators when acting on Orlicz spaces, or more generally, on Orlicz–Sobolev type spaces. In particular, we extend Hörmander’s improvement of Mihlin’s Fourier multiplier theorem to the framework of Orlicz spaces. We also show how Young functions $$\Phi $$
Φ
of the Orlicz spaces are linked to properties of certain Lebesgue exponents $$p_\Phi $$

p
Φ

and $$q_\Phi $$

q
Φ

emerged from $$\Phi $$
Φ
.
Oligonucleotides: evolution and innovation
Authors: Mohammed Amani A. , AlShaer Danah , Al Musaimi Othman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOligonucleotides, comprising single or double strands of RNA or DNA, are vital chemical compounds used in various laboratory and clinical applications. They represent a significant class of therapeutics with a rapidly expanding range of uses. Between 1998 and 2023, 19 oligonucleotides have received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Their synthesis methods have undergone significant evolution over time. This review examines several oligonucleotide synthesis techniques, including phosphodiester, phosphotriester, and phosphoramidite approaches. It begins with a discussion of an early synthesis method involving a phosphoryl chloride intermediate, which proved unstable and prone to hydrolysis. The review then transitions to the solid-phase synthesis method, which uses polymer resins as a solid support, emphasizing its advantages over both phosphotriester and phosphoramidite techniques. This is followed by an exploration of recent advancements in oligonucleotide enzymatic synthesis, concluding with a discussion on modifications to bases, sugars, and backbones designed to improve their properties and therapeutic potential.
Potenzielle Auswirkungen der Krankenhausreform und des G-BA-Beschlusses zur Versorgung hüftgelenknaher Femurfrakturen am Beispiel Sachsens
Authors: Osterhoff Georg ,   TraumaNetzwerk Westsachsen,   TraumaNetzwerk Ostsachsen, Schaser Klaus-Dieter , Kleber Christian 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die deutschen Kliniken unterliegen aktuellen durch die Krankenhausreform und Richtlinien des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) umfangreichen Änderungen.

Fragestellung
Dieser Artikel untersucht die potenziellen Auswirkungen einer levelbasierten Krankenhausreform und Umsetzung der G‑BA-Richtlinie zur Versorgung hüftgelenknaher Femurfrakturen in Sachsen.

Methodik
Basierend auf den Eingriffszahlen hüftgelenknaher Femurfrakturen aller zertifizierten Traumazentren in Sachsen (TraumaNetzwerke Ostsachsen und Westsachsen) 2019 und 2022 erfolgte eine Simulation und Visualisierung der Umsetzung der G‑BA-Richtlinie und der Krankenhausreform, um die Auswirkungen auf die notwendigen Kapazitäten und potenziellen Versorgungslücken zu bewerten.

Ergebnisse
Nach Anwendung der Kriterien des G‑BA-Beschlusses zeigt sich eine Reduzierung der hüftgelenknahen Femurfrakturen versorgenden Kliniken in den TraumaNetzwerken Sachsens von 42 auf 28 (−33 %), bei Umsetzung der Krankenhausreform reduziert sich diese Zahl weiter von 42 auf 15 (−64 %). Diese Reduktion würde zu einer erheblichen Steigerung der Fallzahlen in den verbleibenden Kliniken (2- bis 3fach) führen und das bis zu 4Fache in 2030 – mit entsprechend gesteigertem Bedarf an OP-Kapazitäten (1,2 OP/Woche) und ca. 7400 Sekundärverlegungen/Jahr bedeuten. In einzelnen Landkreisen Sachsens stünden nach derzeitigen Maßstäben großflächig keine Klinik zur Versorgung hüftgelenknaher Frakturen zur Verfügung.

Schlussfolgerung
Die geplante Reform und die Umsetzung des G‑BA-Beschlusses bergen nach derzeitigem Stand ein hohes Risiko für Versorgungslücken in Sachsen mit signifikanter Abnahme der an der Versorgung von Patienten mit proximalen Femurfrakturen beteiligten Kliniken und sekundärer Kumulation dieses geriatrischen Patientenguts an den verbleibenden Kliniken. Die notwendigen operativen und stationären Ressourcen in den verbleibenden Kliniken reichen, gemessen am aktuellen Stand, bei Personal- und Kapazitätsmangel nicht zur Versorgung dieser Patienten aus.

Graphic abstract
Refined Topological Recursion Revisited: Properties and Conjectures
Authors: Osuga Kento 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor any (possibly singular) hyperelliptic curve, we give the definition of a hyperelliptic refined spectral curve and the hyperelliptic refined topological recursion, generalising the formulation for a special class of genus-zero curves by Kidwai and the author, and also improving the proposal by Chekhov and Eynard. Along the way, we uncover a fundamental geometric structure underlying the hyperelliptic refined topological recursion and investigate its properties — parts of which remain conjectural due to computational difficulties. Moreover, we establish a new recursion valid in the so-called Nekrasov-Shatashivili limit and prove existence of the corresponding quantum curve.
5d 2-Chern-Simons Theory and 3d Integrable Field Theories
Authors: Schenkel Alexander , Vicedo Benoît 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe 4-dimensional semi-holomorphic Chern-Simons theory of Costello and Yamazaki provides a gauge-theoretic origin for the Lax connection of 2-dimensional integrable field theories. The purpose of this paper is to extend this framework to the setting of 3-dimensional integrable field theories by considering a 5-dimensional semi-holomorphic higher Chern-Simons theory for a higher connection (A, B) on $$\mathbb {R}^3 \times \mathbb {C}P^1$$

R

3

×
C

P
1

. The input data for this theory are the choice of a meromorphic 1-form $$\omega $$
ω
on $$\mathbb {C}P^1$$

C

P
1

and a strict Lie 2-group with cyclic structure on its underlying Lie 2-algebra. Integrable field theories on $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

are constructed by imposing suitable boundary conditions on the connection (A, B) at the 3-dimensional defects located at the poles of $$\omega $$
ω
and choosing certain admissible meromorphic solutions of the bulk equations of motion. The latter provides a natural notion of higher Lax connection for 3-dimensional integrable field theories, including a 2-form component B which can be integrated over Cauchy surfaces to produce conserved charges. As a first application of this approach, we show how to construct a generalization of Ward’s $$(2+1)$$

(
2
+
1
)

-dimensional integrable chiral model from a suitable choice of data in the 5-dimensional theory.
Monkeypox virus A29L protein as the target for specific diagnosis and serological analysis
Authors: Liang Chia-Yu , Chao Tai-Ling , Chao Chong‐Syun , Liu Wang-Da , Cheng Yu-Chen , Chang Sui-Yuan , Chang Shih-Chung 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The unexpected monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak has been reported in many non-endemic countries and regions since May 2022. The mutant strains of Mpox virus (MPXV) were found with higher infectivity and greater capability for sustained human-to-human transmission, posing a significant public health threat. MPXV A29L, a protein homolog of vaccinia virus (VACV) A27L, plays an important role in viral attachment to host cell membranes. Therefore, MPXV A29L is considered the diagnostic target and the potential vaccine candidate for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and protective immune responses. In response to the escalating Mpox outbreak, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (2-9B, 3-8G, and 2-5H) targeting the different domains of MPXV A29L have been developed in the study. Among them, 2-5H is highly specific for MPXV A29L without exhibiting cross-reactivity with VACV A27L. The antibody pairing composed of 2-5H and 3-8G has been developed as the lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for specific detection of MPXV A29L. However, these three mAbs were unable to inhibit A29L binding to heparin column or prevent MPXV infection in the neutralization test assays. The results of the serological assays using the truncated A29L fragments as the antigens showed that the Mpox patient sera contained significantly lower levels of antibodies targeting the N-terminal 1–34 residues of A29L, suggesting that the N-terminal portion of A29L is less immunogenic upon natural infection.

Key points
• MAbs 2-9B, 3-8G, and 2-5H neither interrupted A29L binding to heparin nor neutralized MPXV.
• The LFIA composed of 3-8G and 2-5H can specifically distinguish MPXV A29L from VACV A27L.
• Mpox patient sera contained lower levels of antibodies targeting the N-terminal portion of A29L.
Exploring System Context Contributing to Emerging REDD+ Collaborative Governance Regime in Ghana: Stakeholders Perceptions at the National Level
Authors: Osei Misharch Kwadwo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since its emergence in 2007, the global mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation in developing countries (REDD+) has raised hopes of providing cost-effective solutions to climate change. However, the design and implementation of REDD+ projects in many developing countries, including Ghana, have faced complex governance challenges. In recent years, a collaborative governance approach has been increasingly recommended for effective REDD+ implementation, but the impact of the dynamics of developing countries’ context on collaboration success remains unclear. Using Ghana’s Cocoa Forest REDD+ Programme (GCFRP) as a case study, this paper aims to increase our understanding of how the dynamics of developing countries’ context affect the drivers shaping the initiation of REDD+ collaborative regimes for transforming cocoa forest landscapes. Through qualitative content analysis of document reviews and semi-structured interviews with national program stakeholder groups, the results indicate that Ghana’s dynamic context facilitates collaboration on REDD+ implementation when stakeholders feel uncertain about the future availability of forest resources and recognize their interdependence in responding to such issues. Additionally, the findings of the study indicate that strong political will for change, along with strategic windows of opportunity created by REDD+ funding mechanisms, play a vital role in shaping consequential incentives essential for aligning stakeholder interests and fostering cross-sector leadership for initiating the REDD+ collaborative governance regime. While the applicability and limitations of the IFCG framework are discussed, further in-depth studies at project levels are crucial to understanding local stakeholders’ perspectives on the key elements necessary for successful collaboration.