bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Position statement for the management of comorbidities in psoriasis
Authors: Dauden E. , Blasco A.J. , Bonanad C. , Botella R. , Carrascosa J.M. , González‐Parra E. , Jodar E. , Joven B. , Lázaro P. , Olveira A. , Quintero J. , Rivera R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe association between psoriasis and some diseases has become relevant in recent years. Providing appropriate management of psoriasis from an early stage requires prompt diagnosis and treatment of concomitant diseases and to prevent any potential comorbidity. This approach should consider the adverse events of the drugs used to treat psoriasis potentially related to the onset of comorbidities.ObjectiveTo provide the dermatologist with an accurate and friendly tool for systematizing the diagnosis of psoriasis‐associated comorbidities, which generally escapes the scope of the dermatology setting, and to facilitate decision‐making about the referral and treatment of patients with comorbidities.MethodsThese position statement recommendations were developed by a working group composed of ten experts (four dermatologists, one cardiologist, one rheumatologist, one gastroenterologist, one nephrologist, one endocrinologist and one psychiatrist) and two health services researchers. The expert group selected the psoriasis comorbidities considered according to their relevance in the dermatology setting. The recommendations on diagnostic criteria are based on the current clinical practice guidelines for each of the comorbidities. The information regarding the repercussion of psoriasis medical treatments on associated comorbid diseases was obtained from the summary of product characteristics of each drug.ResultsRecommendations were developed to detect and refer the following psoriasis comorbidities: psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome), non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, kidney disease and psychological disorders (anxiety and depression). In addition, alcohol consumption and tobacco consumption were included. The tables and figures are precise, easy‐to‐use tools to systematize the diagnosis of comorbidities in patients with psoriasis and facilitate the decision‐making process regarding referral and treatment of patients with an associated disease.ConclusionThe application of these position statement recommendations will facilitate the dermatologist practice, and benefit psoriasis patients’ health and quality of life.
Biliary transporter gene mutations in severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Diagnostic and management implications
Authors: Yeap Sze Pheh , Harley Hugh , Thompson Richard , Williamson Kate Diana , Bate John , Sethna Farah , Farrell Geoffrey , Hague William “Bill” 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsClinical syndromes associated with biallelic mutations of bile acid (BA) transporters usually present in childhood. Subtle mutations may underlie intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and oral contraceptive steroid (OCS) induced cholestasis. In five women with identified genetic mutations of such transporters, with eight observed pregnancies complicated by ICP, we examined relationships between transporter mutations, clinical phenotypes, and treatment outcomes.MethodsGene mutation analysis for BA transporter deficiencies was performed using Next Generation/Sanger sequencing, with analysis for gene deletions/duplications.ResultsIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was early‐onset (9–32 weeks gestation) and severe (peak BA 74–370 μmol/L), with premature delivery (28+1–370 weeks gestation) in 7/8 pregnancies, in utero passage of meconium in 4/8, but overall good perinatal outcomes, with no stillbirths. There was generally no response to ursodeoxycholic acid and variable responses to rifampicin and chelation therapies; naso‐biliary drainage appeared effective in 2/2 episodes persisting post‐partum in each of the two sisters. Episodic jaundice occurring spontaneously or provoked by non‐specific infections, and OCS‐induced cholestasis, had previously occurred in 3/5 women. Two cases showed biallelic heterozygosity for several ABCB11 mutations, one was homozygous for an ABCB4 mutation and a fourth case was heterozygous for another ABCB4 mutation.ConclusionsEarly‐onset or recurrent ICP, especially with previous spontaneous or OCS‐induced episodes of cholestasis and/or familial cholestasis, may be attributable to transporter mutations, including biallelic mutations of one or more transporters. Response to standard therapies for ICP is often incomplete; BA sequestering therapy or naso‐biliary drainage may be effective. Optimized management can produce good outcomes despite premature birth and evidence of fetal compromise.
Gastrointestinal disease burden and mortality: A public hospital‐based study from 2005 to 2014
Authors: Chan Jacky Shui Ho , Chao Amelia Chien Wei , Cheung Vincent Chi Ho , Wong Sophia Sau Kuen , Tang Whitney , Wu Justin Che Yuen , Chan Henry Lik Yuen , Chan Francis Ka Leung , Sung Joseph Jao Yiu , Ng Siew Chien 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and AimGastrointestinal (GI) diseases account for substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care utilization. This public hospital‐based study assessed the incidence and time trend of hospitalization and mortality of major GI diseases over one decade.MethodsWe conducted an observational study using population‐wide database managed by the Hong Kong Hospital Authority with a principal diagnosis of GI diseases defined by International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification coding. We measured age‐standardized incidence of hospitalization, emergency admissions, multiple admissions, and in‐hospital mortality from 2005 to 2014 using Poisson regression.ResultsThe annual incidence of hospitalization for GI diseases increased from 4713 to 5241 per 100 000 discharges (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.004; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003–1.005). GI infections and cancers showed the highest rates of hospitalization in 2014. Hospitalization for GI cancers (IRR = 1.014; 95% CI: 1.013–1.016) and non‐infectious enterocolitis (IRR = 1.058; 95% CI: 1.055–1.061) increased, whereas peptic ulcer disease has decreased. Hospitalization for Crohn's disease showed the most significant rise (126%). Annual incidence of hospitalization for Clostridium difficile infections increased by fivefold (IRR = 1.221; 95% CI: 1.178–1.266), while a 66% reduction was observed for peptic ulcer bleeding (IRR = 0.894; 95% CI: 0.889–0.899). GI cancers had the highest in‐hospital mortality rate in 2014, especially colorectal cancer and gastric cancer.ConclusionsThis study showed an increased hospitalization burden of GI cancers and Crohn's disease, and a reduction in overall mortality for GI diseases. These data provide insight into epidemiological changes of GI diseases in the 21st century and implications for hospital burden and need of resource re‐allocation.
Environmental drivers and genomic architecture of trait differentiation in fire‐adaptedBanksia attenuataecotypes
Authors: He Tianhua , Lamont Byron B. , Enright Neal J. , D'Agui Haylee M. , Stock William 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTrait divergence between populations is considered an adaptive response to different environments, but to what extent this response is accompanied by genetic differentiation is less clear since it may be phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we analyzed phenotypic variation between twoBanksia attenuatagrowth forms, lignotuberous (shrub) and epicormic resprouting (tree), in fire‐prone environments to identify the environmental factors that have driven this phenotypic divergence. We linked genotype with phenotype and traced candidate genes using differential gene expression analysis. Fire intervals determined the phenotypic divergence between growth forms inB. attenuata. A genome‐wide association study identified 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms, putatively associated with growth form, whereas no growth form‐ or phenotype‐specific genotypes were identified. Genomic differentiation between the two growth forms was low (Fst = 0.024). Differential gene expression analysis identified 37 genes/transcripts that were differentially expressed in the two growth forms. A small heat‐shock protein gene, associated with lignotuber presence, was differentially expressed in the two forms. We conclude that different fire regimes induce phenotypic polymorphism inB. attenuata, whereas phenotypic trait divergence involves the differential expression of a small fraction of genes that interact strongly with the disturbance regime. Thus, phenotypic plasticity among resprouters is the general strategy for surviving varying fire regimes.
The evaluation of psychiatric comorbidity, self‐injurious behavior, suicide probability, and other associated psychiatric factors (lonileness, self‐esteem, life satisfaction) in adolescents with acne: A clinical pilot study
Authors: Özyay Eroğlu Funda , Aktepe Evrim , Erturan İjlal 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundSince adolescents are psychologically more unstable, the emergence of acne vulgaris during adolescence makes this disease a focal point of concern for many individuals.AimIn this study, psychiatric comorbidity and levels of self‐injurious behavior, suicide probability, life satisfaction, self‐esteem and loneliness in adolescents with acne was assessed and compared with a control group.MethodsThe study was conducted with 104 adolescents with acne and 102 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. The Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), Life Satisfaction Inventory, Short form of the UCLA Loneliness Scale and Inventory of Statements About Self‐Injury (ISAS) were administered to the case and control groups. Both groups were assessed according to the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Age Children‐Present and Lifetime Version‐Turkish Version.ResultsAdolescents with acne were found to have lower levels of self‐esteem and life satisfaction and higher levels of loneliness compared to controls. The mean scores of SPS and its negative self‐evaluation/hostility subscales were found to be significantly higher in adolescents with acne. The presence of self‐injurious behavior and psychiatric comorbidity were shown to be significantly higher in adolescents with acne.ConclusionsThe presence of high levels of psychiatric comorbidity, suicide probability, and self‐injurious behavior in adolescents with acne in our study suggests that psychiatric evaluation should be included in acne treatment plans. Psychological assessment of adolescents with acne vulgaris is important for contributing to the detection of any potential covert sexual abuse. Our study demonstrates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for acne treatment.
Changing Sibling Relationships After Parents' Death: The Role of Solidarity and Kinkeeping
Authors: Kalmijn Matthijs , Leopold Thomas 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe solidarity hypothesis predicts a short‐term strengthening of sibling relationships after parental death, whereas the kinkeeping hypothesis predicts a long‐term weakening of sibling relationships after parental death.MethodHypotheses were tested with fixed effects regression models using four waves of the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (2003–2015; N = 3,812 respondents), a nationally representative sample of individuals in the Netherlands. This survey combined data on sibling ties with data on intergenerational ties to (surviving) parents.ResultsConsistent with the solidarity hypothesis, results showed that sibling contact intensified after parental death. The increase lasted longer after losing the first parent and was partially explained by changes in contact with and support to the surviving parent. After the death of the second parent, contact and conflict between siblings increased, but these effects were short‐lived. In line with the kinkeeping hypothesis, sibling relations among adult orphans faded in the long run.ConclusionChanges in horizontal ties between siblings followed to a large extent from changes in vertical ties between siblings and their parents.ImplicationsSibling ties can be understood better when they are studied in the context of the larger family network.
Impacts of a School‐Wide, Peer‐Led Approach to Sexuality Education: A Matched Comparison Group Design
Authors: Rotz Dana , Goesling Brian , Manlove Jennifer , Welti Kate , Trenholm Christopher 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTeen Prevention Education Program (PEP) is a school‐wide, peer‐led comprehensive sexuality education program currently implemented in more than 50 schools across 2 states. Many teen pregnancy prevention researchers and practitioners view peer‐led programs as a promising approach for reducing teen pregnancy and associated sexual risk behaviors. However, prior research on the effectiveness of these programs indicates mixed results.METHODSWe randomly assigned schools to implement Teen PEP immediately (intervention group) or on a delayed schedule (comparison group) and used propensity score matching to improve the comparability of the study groups. We surveyed students at baseline and about 6 months after the program ended.RESULTSTeen PEP did not significantly impact rates of sexual activity or unprotected sex; however, the program led to improvements in exposure to information about sexual health topics and knowledge of preventing pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted infections.CONCLUSIONSTeen PEP succeeded in accomplishing some of its most proximal goals, increasing students' access to information and knowledge. However, we found little evidence that the program affects sexual risk‐taking within 6 months of its conclusion. Future research will examine the program's longer‐term impacts on sexual risk behaviors.
Trend Disparities in Emotional Distress and Suicidality Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Minnesota Adolescents From 1998 to 2010
Authors: Porta Carolyn M. , Watson Ryan J. , Doull Marion , Eisenberg Marla E. , Grumdahl Nathan , Saewyc Elizabeth 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSexual minority young people have demonstrated higher rates of emotional distress and suicidality in comparison to heterosexual peers. Research to date has not examined trends in these disparities, specifically, whether there have been disparity reductions or increases and how outcomes have differed over time by sex and sexual orientation group.METHODSMinnesota Student Survey data, collected from 9th and 12th graders in 3 cohorts (1998, 2004, 2010) were used to examine emotional distress and suicidality rates. Logistic regression analyses were completed to examine outcome changes over time within and across sexual orientation/sex groups.RESULTSWith few exceptions, sexual minority youth are at increased risk of endorsing emotional distress and suicidality indicators in each surveyed year between 1998 and 2010. Young people with both‐sex partners reported more emotional distress across all health indicators compared to their opposite‐sex partnered peers. With a few exceptions, gaps in disparities between heterosexual and sexual minority have not changed from 2004 to 2010.CONCLUSIONSDisparities in emotional health persist among youth. Research is needed to advance understanding of mental health disparities, with consideration of sexual orientation differences and contextualized to sociocultural status and changes over time. Personalized prevention strategies are needed to promote adolescent mental health.
Pharmacy drive-thru service in Jordan: assessing customers' awareness, perceptions and factors affecting the use of this service
Authors: Abu Hammour Khawla , Abu Farha Rana , Rizik Mai , Mukattash Tareq , Alnan Murhaf , Alkhader Ahmad , Aljanabi Rand , Basheti Iman 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives
In Jordan, drive-thru pharmacy service has recently been introduced representing a new trend in community pharmacy services. This study aimed to evaluate pharmacy customers' awareness and perceptions towards the drive-thru service to unveil important information regarding such service.

Methods
A Self-administered questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional study which was conducted in Amman-Jordan between April and August 2017. A Self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate pharmacy customers' awareness and perceptions towards pharmacy drive-thru services. Factors affecting customers' use of this service was also investigated.

Key findings
A total of 789 pharmacy customers participated in the current study. Mean age of study participants was 27.7 years (SD = 10.6) and half of them were men (n = 397, 50.4%). Although 26.8% (n = 212) of the customers knew that the drive-thru pharmacy service was newly implemented in Jordanian pharmacies, only 10.9% (n = 86) reported to have used this service. Customers (59.1%) expressed their support for the introduction of this service to pharmacy practice in the country. Certain factors affected customers' use of the drive-thru pharmacy service positively, including male gender, Jordanian nationality, non-single marital status and having children (P-value &lt;0.05).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated positive customer awareness and perceptions towards the drive-thru pharmacy service. Busy customers seem to use this service more (men being married and having children). Hence, this service seems to be most beneficial to a certain type of customers. However, concerns about poor communication between the pharmacist and the patient represented the main disadvantage of the drive-thru service.
A partner‐switching regulatory system controls hormogonium development in the filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme
Authors: Riley Kelsey W. , Gonzalez Alfonso , Risser Douglas D. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryFilamentous cyanobacteria exhibit developmental complexity, including the transient differentiation of motile hormogonia in many species. Using a forward genetic approach, a trio of genes unique to filamentous cyanobacteria encoding a putative Rsb‐like partner‐switching regulatory system (PSRS) was implicated in regulating hormogonium development in the model filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. Analysis of in‐frame deletion strains indicated that HmpU (putative serine phosphatase) and HmpV (STAS domain) enhance, while HmpW (putative serine kinase) represses motility and persistence of the hormogonium state. Protein–protein interaction studies demonstrated specificity between HmpW and HmpV. Epistasis analysis between hmpW and hmpV was consistent with HmpV acting as the downstream effector of the system, rather than regulation of a sigma factor by HmpW. Deletion of hmpU or hmpV reduced accumulation of extracellular PilA and hormogonium polysaccharide (HPS), and expression of type IV pilus‐ and HPS‐specific genes was reduced in the ΔhmpV strain. Expression of the Hmp PSRS is induced in hormogonia, and the cytoplasmic localization of HmpV‐GFPuv implies that its downstream target is probably cytoplasmic as well. Collectively, these results support a model where HmpU and HmpW antagonistically regulate the phosphorylation state of HmpV, and subsequently, unphosphorylated HmpV positively regulates an undefined downstream target to affect hormogonium‐specific gene expression.
Crystal structure and acetylation of BioQ suggests a novel regulatory switch for biotin biosynthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Wei Wenhui , Zhang Yifei , Gao Rongsui , Li Jun , Xu Yongchang , Wang Shihua , Ji Quanjiang , Feng Youjun 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBiotin (vitamin B7), a sulfur‐containing fatty acid derivative, is a nutritional virulence factor in certain mycobacterial species. Tight regulation of biotin biosynthesis is important because production of biotin is an energetically expensive process requiring 15–20 equivalents of ATP. The Escherichia coli bifunctional BirA is a prototypical biotin regulatory system. In contrast, mycobacterial BirA is an unusual biotin protein ligase without DNA‐binding domain. Recently, we established a novel two‐protein paradigm of BioQ–BirA. However, structural and molecular mechanism for BioQ is poorly understood. Here, we report crystal structure of the M. smegmatis BioQ at 1.9 Å resolution. Structure‐guided functional mapping defined a seven residues‐requiring motif for DNA‐binding activity. Western blot and MALDI‐TOF MS allowed us to unexpectedly discover that the K47 acetylation activates crosstalking of BioQ to its cognate DNA. More intriguingly, excess of biotin augments the acetylation status of BioQ in M. smegmatis. It seems likely that BioQ acetylation proceeds via a non‐enzymatic mechanism. Mutation of this acetylation site K47 in BioQ significantly impairs its regulatory role in vivo. This explains in part (if not all) why BioQ has no detectable requirement of the presumable bio‐5’‐AMP effecter, which is a well‐known ligand for the paradigm E. coli BirA regulator system. Unlike the scenario seen with E. coli carrying a single biotinylated protein, AccB, genome‐wide search and Streptavidin blot revealed that no less than seven proteins require the rare post‐translational modification, biotinylation in M. smegmatis, validating its physiological demand for biotin at relatively high level. Taken together, our finding defines a novel biotin regulatory machinery by BioQ, posing a possibility that development of new antibiotics targets biotin, the limited nutritional virulence factor in certain pathogenic mycobacterial species.
Fine‐tuning cellular levels of DprA ensures transformant fitness in the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Johnston Calum , Mortier‐Barriere Isabelle , Khemici Vanessa , Polard Patrice 
Published: July 2018

SummaryNatural genetic transformation is a widespread mechanism of horizontal gene transfer. It involves the internalization of exogenous DNA as single strands and chromosomal integration via homologous recombination, promoting acquisition of new genetic traits. Transformation occurs during a distinct physiological state called competence. In Streptococcus pneumoniae, competence is controlled by ComDE, a two‐component system induced by an exported peptide pheromone. DprA is universal among transformable species, strongly induced during pneumococcal competence, and crucial for pneumococcal transformation. Pneumococcal DprA plays three crucial roles in transformation and competence. Firstly, DprA protects internalized DNA from degradation. Secondly, DprA loads the homologous recombinase RecA onto transforming DNA to promote transformation. Finally, DprA interacts with the response regulator ComE to shut‐off competence. Here, we explored the effect of altering the cellular levels of DprA on these three roles. High cellular levels of DprA were not required for the primary role of DprA as a transformation‐dedicated recombinase loader or for protection of transforming DNA. In contrast, full expression of dprA was required for optimal competence shut‐off and transformant fitness. High cellular levels of DprA thus ensure the fitness of pneumococcal transformants by mediating competence shut‐off. This promotes survival and propagation of transformants, maximizing pneumococcal adaptive potential.