bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Three Diatomaceous Earth Sources for Removing Tylosin from Aqueous Systems
Authors: Stromer Bobbi S. , Woodbury Bryan , Williams Clinton F. 
Published: August 2019

Antibiotics used during animal production are the same or very similar to antibiotics used by humans. Tylosin, structurally similar to erythromycin prescribed to humans, is a common livestock antibiotic. Therefore, tylosin and other similar antibiotics present a potential threat of environmental buildup resulting in increased microbial resistance. To mitigate this potential impact, a remediation method for reducing the load of antimicrobials entering the environment is needed. The binding properties of different types of diatomaceous earth (DE) were investigated for maximum binding and the influencing physical characteristics to determine the potential use as a binding agent for wastewater treatment. Swimming pool DE was 99% crystalline silica and did not sorb any tylosin. Raw DE was 65% amorphous silica, 20% clay, and had 3% organic matter by weight. Langmuir isotherms predicted a maximum binding capacity of 49 ± 3 mg g−1 with a binding constant of 37,342 ± 5653 M−1. This was almost 3.3 times more than previously published work investigating the binding of tylosin to kieselguhr that is 96% amorphous silica with little to no clays or organic matter present. To determine the role of organic matter and clays in binding capacity, raw DE was digested with 3% hydrogen peroxide and adsorption isotherms were constructed. After removal of the organic matter, predicted maximum binding of tylosin increased to 88 ± 2 mg g−1, whereas the binding constant slightly decreased (23,482 ± 3264 M−1). It was concluded that the DE–clay matrix was responsible for high binding and therefore had the greatest potential for application in a wastewater treatment process.Core Ideas
Tylosin binds to amorphous diatomaceous earth but not crystalline.
The presence of clays in diatomaceous earth improves binding.
Clay–diatomaceous earth matrix can be recycled by treatment with hydrogen peroxide.
Nitrogen Removal in Woodchip‐based Biofilters of Variable Designs Treating Agricultural Drainage Discharges
Authors: Hoffmann Carl Christian , Larsen Søren Erik , Kjaergaard Charlotte 
Published: August 2019

Subsurface flow wetlands with a woodchip‐based biofilter are known to act as effective measures in mitigating site‐specific nutrient losses in agricultural drainage. To optimize operation, the combined effect of water temperature, hydraulic residence time (HRT), and filter design is fundamental. This 2‐yr study evaluated a combination of three flow designs and two woodchips mixtures at a test facility receiving agricultural drainage discharge from a 78‐ha catchment. The biofilter test facility consisted of six independent parallel‐constructed wetlands (CW1–CW6), with two types of filter mixtures and three different hydraulic designs (horizontal, vertical upward, and vertical downward flow). Horizontal CWs performed best with an annual removal of total N (TN) amounting to 53 to 54% of the load, corresponding to a daily removal of 2.16 to 2.32 g N m−3d−1. Removal by the vertical CWs amounted to 38 to 60% of the TN load or 1.19 to 2.31 g N m−3d−1. Despite low temperatures and HRT down to 3 h, all CWs functioned well in winter with 20 to 30% N removal. In contrast, during summer when the hydraulic load was low and HRT was up to >96 h, N removal was ∼100%, and the reduction sequence proceeded with sulfate reduction and formation of H2S. Statistical analysis and model development revealed that the percentage removal of both TN and nitrate N was mostly dependent on water temperature and HRT, explaining 81.7 to 91.1 and 83.5 to 89.5% of the variation, respectively.Core IdeasThe hydraulic design influences seasonal and annual N removal efficiency.Water temperature and hydraulic residence time control N removal efficiency.Operational models can be used for dimensioning biofilters for N removal efficiency.
Development of a Database to Collect Emission Values for Livestock Systems
Authors: Vigan Aurore , Hassouna Mélynda , Guingand Nadine , Brame Coline , Edouard Nadège , Eglin Thomas , Espagnol Sandrine , Eugène Maguy , Génermont Sophie , Lagadec Solène , Lorinquer Elise , Loyon Laurence , Ponchant Paul , Robin Paul 
Published: August 2019

Growing demand for animal products has contributed to an increase in biogeochemical fluxes, leading particularly to gaseous ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions into the atmosphere. Developing accurate knowledge on the sources and magnitude of gas emissions from the livestock sector is essential to reducing emissions, while meeting other societal expectations, and to implementing effective regulations. To this end, a database called ELFE (ELevage et Facteurs d’Emission; i.e., Livestock and Emission Factors) was recently developed. It currently contains ∼5200 gas emission measurements extracted from 345 publications of the international literature published from 1964 to 2018 from 37 countries. One of its innovative aspects is the structured and comprehensive description of both the livestock system and the measurement method associated with emission data. Ammonia emitted by livestock systems represents 40 to 80% of emission values and 45 to 81% of the values concern production systems with slurry, depending on the animal produced. This database will contribute to improved emission factors for national inventories by more thoroughly considering factors influencing emission levels and data quality. It highlights the need for shared and standardized reporting protocols for both the livestock system itself and the measurement conditions, to allow for thorough comparisons and to reduce uncertainty in unit conversions. The database is available online on the Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) platform (https://data.inra.fr/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.15454/MHJPYT) and will be updated annually with new gas emissions.Core Ideas
A new database includes about 5200 emission values from 345 publications.
Of these emission values, 62% were related to NH3, 41% to CH4, 29% to N2O, and 29% to CO2.
The database includes a detailed description of production systems and measurement methods.
Complete data for system description and unit conversion increase potential uses.
Addressing Imbalances in Phosphorus Accumulation in Canadian Agricultural Soils
Authors: Reid Keith , Schneider Kimberley , Joosse Pamela 
Published: August 2019

Adequate phosphorus (P) is needed for crop production, but excessive P poses a potential risk to water quality. Results from the cumulative P balance calculations within the indicator of risk of water contamination by phosphorus (IROWC‐P) developed in Canada were assessed to determine the spatial and temporal trends in P accumulation at a regional scale and to consider the implications of these trends. Regional cumulative P balances were calculated from census data as a proxy for soil test P (STP) values, including the contribution of fertilizer or manure P to these balances. Ideally, over time we would see a convergence of soil test values at the low end of the critical response range for crop growth, where agronomic and environmental considerations are balanced, but this does not appear to be the case for many regions in Canada. Nationally, about 61% of agricultural land was predicted to be low in STP, and over half of this land is failing to replace the P that is removed each year. While only about 10% of the agricultural land has accumulated significantly more P than is needed for crop growth, almost all of this land is continuing to accumulate P rather than drawing it down. Manure is the dominant P source for continuing accumulation in regions with high or very high estimated STP; reducing this input will be difficult because of the nature of manure and the investment in buildings and infrastructure tied to specific locations, but it is clear that current Canadian policies need strengthened.Core Ideas
Neither deficiency nor excess of P in soil is desirable.
Imbalanced P distribution across Canada shows significant areas of deficiency and excess.
Regions with high P soils continue to be enriched while regions with low P soils are depleted.
In most high P regions, continued P buildup is dominated by livestock manure.
Options to rebalance P inputs in these regions include dispersing livestock operations.
High-pressure minerals
Authors: Tschauner Oliver 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article is dedicated to the occurrence, relevance, and structure of minerals whose formation involves high pressure. This includes minerals that occur in the interior of the Earth as well as minerals that are found in shock-metamorphized meteorites and terrestrial impactites. I discuss the chemical and physical reasons that render the definition of high-pressure minerals meaningful, in distinction from minerals that occur under surface-near conditions on Earth or at high temperatures in space or on Earth. Pressure-induced structural transformations in rock-forming minerals define the basic divisions of Earth's mantle in the upper mantle, transition zone, and lower mantle. Moreover, the solubility of minor chemical components in these minerals and the occurrence of accessory phases are influential in mixing and segregating chemical elements in Earth as an evolving planet. Brief descriptions of the currently known high-pressure minerals are presented. Over the past 10 years more high-pressure minerals have been discovered than during the previous 50 years, based on the list of minerals accepted by the IMA. The previously unexpected richness in distinct high-pressure mineral species allows for assessment of differentiation processes in the deep Earth.
Particulate copper electrodeposited on carbon felt for degradation of low concentration of methyl iodide in liquid radioactive wastes
Authors: Huang Guangtuan , Huang Li 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work, the study of copper particles deposition on to carbon felt was presented by pulse electrodeposition method to electrochemically degrade methyl iodide (CH3I, 1 mg L−1) in aqueous solution. In order to solve the problems linked to the heterogeneous potential distribution in the 3-D porous structure, which lead to the so-called ‘black core’, we successfully used low concentration of copper salt (1 mM) and negative deposition potential (−2.5 V) to obtain Cu-nanoparticles/carbon felt (Cu-nano/CF) electrode, the copper coating improved the specific surface area of carbon felt from ∼0.07 to 0.7 m2 g−1 with high catalytic activity. Results show that 98.1% of CH3I can be removed with the Cu-nano/CF electrode in 120 min.
The Use of Information Communication Technologies Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Ntalindwa Theoneste , Soron Tanjir Rashid , Nduwingoma Mathias , Karangwa Evariste , White Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

Background
The prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) appears to be increasing globally due to the complex interaction of multiple biopsychosocial and environmental factors. Mobile phones, tablets, and other electronic gadgets have transformed our means of communication, and have also changed both healthcare and how we learn. These technological enhancements may have a positive impact on the lives of children, but there is currently a global scarcity of information on how information technology influences the education of children with ASD.

Objective
This study was conducted in Rwandan schools and communities, and aimed to understand the perceptions of students with ASD, their parents, and their teachers, on the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the education of those with ASD.

Methods
This qualitative descriptive study was conducted from December 2017 to July 2018. Researchers conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs) with 54 participants from different backgrounds: teachers, parents, and students with ASD. Each of the FGDs took approximately two and a half hours. A predefined set of open-ended questions were selected to discover people’s perceptions regarding assistive technologies used in ASD, their effectiveness, the scope of using them in their context, and upcoming challenges during implementation. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed.

Results
The findings of the study revealed seven key themes: (1) the use of ICT for the education of children with ASD; (2) existing augmentative facilities for learning; (3) current patterns of use of ICT in education; (4) preferred areas of learning for ASD students; (5) integration of ICT into educational programs; (6) areas of interest outside the classroom; and (7) future opportunities and challenges in Rwanda. We found most of the study participants assumed that appropriate technology and related innovations might solve the challenges faced by learners with ASD in classrooms. Moreover, they thought that children with ASD more so enjoyed watching television, playing digital games, and drawing objects using gadgets than interacting with people or playing with other children.

Conclusions
The use of various low-cost technical devices can aid with teaching and the education of children with autism in Rwanda. However, this area requires further research to discover the impact ICT can have on the education of children with ASD, so this study may become a starting point for further research in the area.
Candangos solidários em Cabo Frio: trabalhadores, política e imprensa na greve de 1960
Authors: Carneiro de Mattos Pereira Walter Luiz 
Published: August 2019

O artigo pretende analisar a greve de 1960, dos trabalhadores químicos da empresa estatal Companhia Nacional de Alcalis, em Cabo Frio, no litoral norte do Rio de Janeiro, especialmente pelo significado da solidariedade impressa ao movimento. Contando com referências ao populismo, ao trabalhismo e ao sindicalismo, defendemos, a partir da redução de escala, referenciada por um estudo de caso, ser possível recuperar estratégias e experiências dos trabalhadores, percebidas na participação ativa como sujeitos da história, contrapondo-se a idéia de sujeição ou tutela ao Estado.
Teorias da Aleatoriedade
Authors: Campani Carlos A. P. , Menezes Paulo Blauth 
Published: August 2019

This work is a survey about the definition of “random sequence”. We emphasize the definition of Martin-Löf and the definition based on incompressibility (Kolmogorov complexity). Kolmogorov complexity is a profound and sofisticated theory of information and randomness based on Turing machines. These two definitions solve all the problems of the other approaches, satisfying our intuitive concept of randomness, and both are mathematically correct. Furthermore, we show the Schnorr’s approach, that includes a requisite of effectiveness (computability) in his definition. We show the relations between all definitions in a critical way.

Keywords: randomness, Kolmogorov complexity, Turing machine, computability,
probability.
SELEÇÃO DE PLANOS DE PRODUÇÃO PARA PEQUENOS PRODUTORES AGRÍCOLAS
Authors: Mattuella Juvir Luiz 
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é selecionar combinações de empreendimentos agrícolas para pequenas propriedades de forma a garantir um nível mínimo de renda pré-estabelecido, com alta probabilidade que o mesmo seja atingido. Partindo-se da premissa que o pequeno produtor tem aversão ao risco e usando-se informações de uma propriedade tipificada, desenvolveu-se um modelo de programação matemática para análise de risco a fim de determinar tais planos agrícolas. Os resultados mostraram que é possível atingir a meta de renda pré-estabelecida, bastando adotar o
conjunto de atividades agrícolas que apareceram na solução ótima dos modelos.
POLÍTICA PARA O COMPLEXO INDUSTRIAL DA SAÚDE: CAMINHO PARA UNIVERSALIZAÇÃO?
Authors: Costa Leila Maria Bedeschi 
Published: August 2019

O artigo objetiva apresentar a política para o Complexo Industrial da Saúde em curso no país, avaliando-a enquanto formulação. Investigam-se docu- mentos do Plano Plurianual Federal – PPA 2008-2011- e a legislação federal perti- nente. O estudo elenca alguns elementos para pesquisas futuras, bem como para avaliação de eficácia. A política em questão foi formulada com base em concep- ção, defendida originalmente por Gadelha (2003), que articula a visão do desen- volvimento econômico com a perspectiva sanitária. Tem como principal justificati- va o grau de dependência externa do país nas indústrias que atendem ao mercado de saúde, o que pode colocar em risco o objetivo central da Política Nacional de Saúde: a universalização. Esta abordagem retoma a concepção desenvolvimentis- ta estruturalista, com a incorporação do elemento tecnológico trazido pelos neo- schumpeterianos e inova ao considerar estratégica a indústria que dá base a uma política pública. Conclui-se que a estruturação em torno do conceito de Complexo Industrial de Saúde expressa um avanço, na medida em que ataca um importante condicionante da assistência à saúde. Entretanto, traz consigo os riscos e dilemas históricos da política industrial.
AVALIAÇÃO DE DESEMPENHO DE REDES DE PESQUISA: O CASO DO INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE CIÊNCIA, INOVAÇÃO E TECNOLOGIA EM SAÚDE – INCT-CITECS
Authors: Floriano Fabiana Raynal , Cardoso Marcelle De Oliveira , Souza Luis Eugenio Portela Fernandes de , Pereira Rosana Aquino Guimarães , Barreto Maurício Lima , Silva Sebastião Antônio Loureiro de Souza e 
Published: August 2019

As redes de colaboração científica são formas de organização que potencializam açõesde pesquisa, a partir da articulação de diferentes competências. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho do Instituto Nacional de Ciência, Inovação e Tecnologia em Saúde (Citecs), em 2009 e 2010, através de uma matriz composta por 21 indicadores agrupados em quatro eixos: (1) consolidação da rede, (2) transferência de conhecimento, (3) pesquisa e (4) formação de pessoal. Os resultados revelaram que o Citecs tem atendido aos objetivos propostos, ampliando suas ações nos quatro eixos. Neste período avaliado, destaca-se o aumento dos seguintes indicadores: publicações científicas em conjunto, apoio à formulação de políticas na área da saúde, atividades de educação científica e orientação de alunos de graduação em atividades de iniciação científica. O método utilizado nesta avaliação pode ser adaptado para outras redes de pesquisa com objetivos similares.
CRESCIMENTO POPULACIONAL, EVOLUÇÃO ECONÔMICA RECENTE E CAPACIDADE DE POLARIZAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO EM MUNICÍPIOS DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Martins Humberto Eduardo de Paula , Bertolucci Luiz , Oliveira Polyana Lara de 
Published: August 2019

O trabalho analisa o crescimento populacional, a evolução econômica recente, a especialização econômica e a capacidade de polarização em municípios selecionados de Minas Gerais. Primeiramente, buscam-se municípios que
apresentaram crescimento populacional acima da taxa brasileira entre 1991 e 2000, e selecionam-se os mais relevantes em termos populacionais. Posteriormente,
é analisada a evolução econômica recente dos municípios selecionados, observando a sua participação no emprego e no PIB nacionais. Por fim, são calculados o índice de terciarização e o quociente locacional. A análise dessas
diversas variáveis, em conjunto, permite conhecer a realidade econômica dos municípios com significativo crescimento populacional e, assim, contribuir para o estudo das relações entre dinâmica populacional e evolução econômica.
Uma palavra sobre matéria: Bakhtin e Tynianov
Authors: Renfrew Alastair 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo se debruça em torno de questões relacionadas ao materialismo e ao formalismo durante os anos 1920-1930 no contexto soviético. Buscamos analisar a querela entre as bases do pensamento marxista e dos estudos materialistas, a fi m de refl etir, sobretudo, em torno da materialidade dos estudos literários e também sobre a dicotomia entre forma e conteúdo.
A dialética do arquivo: “pensar para trás”, entender o presente e mudar o futuro
Authors: Amaral Maria Borges 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta um gesto de leitura que procura entender “a dialética do arquivo” a partir das suas conexões contraditórias consubstanciadas na relação com a história. As questões aqui elucidadas advêm de fundamentações teóricas construídas no percurso da Análise do Discurso em sua interlocução com outros campos do saber. Verifi camos que a noção de arquivo, assim como as de memória e de documento, ocorre em íntima conexão com efeitos do movimento que produziram a crítica à história tradicional. Daí resultaram posicionamentos teóricos e fi losófi cos diferentes, construindo formas complexas e polêmicas de leitura do arquivo nos dias atuais.
Na canoa de Mia Couto: a poética da travessia em 'O outro pé da sereia', de Mia Couto
Authors: De Queiroz Amilton Freire 
Published: August 2019

A pauta principal deste artigo ampara-se no escopo de examinar a poética da travessia no romance O Outro Pé da Sereia (2006), de Mia Couto. Para perambular nessa frutuosa paisagem ficcional, serão articuladas as bússolas teórico-metodológicas lapidadas por Tania Franco Carvalhal, Silviano Santiago, Benjamim Abdala Júnior, Laura Cavalcante Padilha, Eneida Maria de Souza, Zilá Bernd, Maria Zilda Ferreira Cury, Daniel Henri-Pageaux, Édouard Glissant, Linda Hutcheon, Homi Bhabha e Edward Said. Com as chaves de leitura gestadas por esses intelectuais, espera-se entrar pelas portas do romance miacoutiano, de tal forma a lê-lo sob o limbo temático dos laços de solidariedade estabelecidos em torno da construção de cenas literárias alicerçadas na figuração de atores narrativos que modulam na frequência do pensamento da fronteira, do rizoma, da errância e das redes. Passeando na encruzilhada desse rizoma de solidariedade, olhado sob os auspícios da poética da travessia, o presente trabalho movimenta-se rumo ao mapeamento de percursos de personagens que se despem das clausuras da raiz monolíngue, como ensina Glissant (2011), para tornam-se seres errantes que peregrinam nas zonas opacas dos paradoxos da violência física e simbólica imputada à(s) África(s). A partir da leitura transversal desses lugares de trocas, intercâmbios, desvios, deriva, fragmentação, hibridismo e mestiçagem, quer-se projetar um balbucio que culmine por mapear as passagens e os transportes interculturais operados no plano das textualidades ficcionais contemporâneas. Em face disso, nosso olhar ancora-se na lição de que ler e analisar um texto literário é saber que ele esgarça a fronteira literária, convocando a moldura de outros campos do saber, conforme pontua Eneida Souza. Destarte, para fechar com a prestimosa metáfora de Tania Carvalhal, busca-se rastrear os encontros na travessia (1991), haja vista os encontros contribuírem, em última instância, para investigar os modos de abertura ao Outro na cartografia das cenas rizomáticas, fronteiriças e errantes grafadas no palco da letra de Mia Couto.
Traces, réincarnations et durées longues dans les Amériques
Authors: Imbert Patrick 
Published: August 2019

On explore d’abord les divers types de durées longues qui permettent d’affirmer des identités stables dans les nations nouvelles des Amériques afin de déterminer qui définit la nation et qui, en corollaire, se situe à ses marges. Ensuite, on analyse la question de la réincarnation dans les romans contemporains comme moyen d’établir une durée longue en fonction d’une relecture du canon historique et de la reconnaissance de tous et des exclusions que, désormais, on critique. Finalement, on ouvre sur les diverses facettes des multiculturalismes tels qu’ils s’expriment dans les Amériques.
Uma história contada pelo avesso
Authors: Menna Barreto Eneida Weigert 
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho analisa a obra de Luiz Antonio de Assis Brasil, e mostra como a partir dos dados históricos, o narrador/autor desmitifica a bravura na História do Rio Grande do Sul. O autor, ao utilizar a metaficção historiográfica, constrói um novo passado. Ao fragmentar a narrativa em múltiplas vozes, desautoriza a tentativa do leitor do século XXI de encontrar apenas uma verdade e, com isso, firma a impossibilidade de uma percepção única da verdade histórica. É como transpõe fronteiras discursivas e se insere na pós-modernidade.