bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiation of molecular testing of endometrial carcinomas in a population‐based setting: practical considerations and pitfalls
Authors: Machuca‐Aguado Jesús , Catherwood Mark , Houghton Oisin , Taylor Jennifer , Shah Rajeev , Ben‐Mussa Ali , Gonzalez David , McCluggage W Glenn 
Published: November 2024

AimsSince the publication of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) molecular Classification of endometrial carcinomas in 2013, multiple studies have demonstrated the prognostic and therapeutic importance of this. However, there is great variability on whether and how this is undertaken in different institutions, and this is often dependent on resources and availability of molecular testing. Points of controversy include whether molecular classification is needed on all endometrial carcinomas and whether pure molecular testing is undertaken or a surrogate such as the ProMisE (Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer) Classifier. Herein we report our experience instigating molecular classification of endometrial carcinomas in Northern Ireland.Methods and ResultsFrom 1st March 2023, all endometrial carcinomas diagnosed on biopsy in the four pathology laboratories in Northern Ireland were referred to the central molecular pathology laboratory for genomic analysis using a custom next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel; the NGS panel included the entire coding regions of polymerase epsilon (POLE) and TP53 genes, as well as microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis. All cases also underwent immunohistochemical staining with oestrogen receptor (ER), p53, and the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6. The molecular results were available by the time of surgery (if a hysterectomy was performed) allowing integration into the final pathology report where a TCGA molecular type was assigned. Two hundred and sixty‐seven endometrial carcinomas underwent molecular testing; in five cases, there was insufficient material for testing, leaving 262 cases. The TCGA groups were POLEmut (19; 7.3%), MMRd (63; 24%), p53abn (62; 23.7%), and no specific molecular profile (NSMP) 118 (45%). Seventeen tumours (6.5%) were “multiple‐classifiers”: five POLEmut‐p53abn, two POLEmut‐MMRd, one POLE‐MMRd‐p53abn (all included in the POLEmut TCGA group), and nine MMRd‐p53abn (included in the MMRd group).ConclusionThis represents one of the first population‐based studies investigating the prevalence of the different TCGA molecular groups of endometrial carcinomas in an unselected population. Performing molecular testing on biopsies enables management to be tailored to the molecular group and allows integration of the TCGA group into the report of the final resection specimen. We hope our experience will facilitate other laboratories in undertaking TCGA molecular classification.
Preparation of aluminum borate whiskers/CoxCr3‐xO4 catalysts on channel surface of cordierite honeycomb ceramic for soot catalytic combustion
Authors: Zhang Mengjie , Wang Ying , Yu Min , He Mengyuan , Cao Liping , Luo Xiaoying , Wang Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe monolith catalysts with the hierarchical microstructure prepared from cordierite honeycomb ceramics by the molten salt reaction and the sol–gel impregnation technology. Aluminum borate whiskers (Al18B4O33) with the lengths of 10–70 µm and the diameters of 0.1–1.4 µm were grown on the channel surface of cordierite honeycomb ceramics, and cilia‐like microstructure improve the capture ability of soot in exhaust. A series of spinel‐type catalysts CoxCr3‐xO4 have loaded on aluminum borate whiskers using the sol–gel impregnation process, and sample Z/C1C2‐0.25 possess the optimal soot catalytic oxidation activity. The study employed various techniques to characterize morphology and phase composition, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Brumauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA). The cyclic stability experiments demonstrate that spinel‐type catalysts Z/C1C2‐0.25 exhibits excellent structural stability and consistent catalytic performance. This unique microstructure has great potential applications in the field of DPF.
Tm3+‐doped mixed alkaline‐earth zinc‐silico‐calcium aluminate glasses: A promising material for near‐infrared laser
Authors: Mohapatra Sushanta Kumar , Maharana H. S. , Annapurna K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis work is focused on the concentration‐dependent study of Tm2O3 (0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mol%) doped zinc‐silico‐calcium aluminate glasses for infrared emission. The amorphous nature and good thermal stability (ΔT > 150°C) of prepared glasses are confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The decrease in glass transition temperature and optical band gap, coupled with the increasing trend in optical basicity, linear thermal expansion, molar volume, and oxygen packing density with Tm3+ ions concentration, suggests their preference for non‐bridging oxygen sites. Two emission peaks at 800 nm (3H4→3H6) and 659 nm (1G4→3F4) while another two emission peaks at 1800 nm (3F4→3H6) and 1487 nm (3H4→3F4) are observed under both 475 and 808 nm excitations, respectively. The realization of emission quenching at 800 nm beyond 0.25 mol% of Tm2O3 concentration may be due to resonant energy transfer and cross‐relaxation mechanism (3H4:3H6→3F4:3F4) while for 1800 nm emission, the observed quenching beyond 0.5 mol% of Tm2O3 is due to the energy migration to OH− ions and reabsorption (resonant energy absorption). The modified Mc Cumber theory is used to evaluate corresponding emission cross‐sections and discussed along with their gain factors for their applicability as 800 and 1800 nm laser materials.
Role of ceramics in machining of composite materials: A comprehensive review
Authors: Varikkadinmel Binaz , Singh Inderdeep 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe current review article explores advancements in machining of metal matrix composites (MMCs), polymer‐matrix composites (PMCs), and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), with a focus on the critical role of ceramic abrasives. Processes, such as slotted electrical discharge abrasive grinding (SEDAG) and electrochemical discharge grinding machining, utilize both thermal (spark erosion) and mechanical (abrasive) actions, effectively balancing material removal and minimizing damage during machining of MMCs. For PMCs, rotary ultrasonic face grinding combines grinding with ultrasonic vibrations, reducing friction and cutting forces. In CMCs, advanced methods, such as laser‐assisted grinding (LAG) and laser‐ablating‐assisted grinding (LAAG), are particularly effective. LAG preheats the material, softening it for easier removal, whereas LAAG ablates the material directly, reducing cutting forces and subsurface damage. These methods are tailored to the material properties of each composite, optimizing removal rates and surface quality. The research emphasizes that ceramic abrasives significantly improve machining efficiency and surface integrity when optimized with the right combination of parameters. By discussing the interaction of abrasives with composite materials, this review article provides key insights into improving machining processes, making it a valuable reference for researchers seeking to enhance machinability of composite materials across various applications.
Predictive Effects of Phraseological Complexity on the Quality of Chinese EFL Learners’ L2 Oral Production
Authors: Wang Tingting , Zhou Dandan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPhraseological complexity measures have demonstrated significant predictive power for L2 proficiency, predominantly in written contexts. However, empirical evidence regarding their role in L2 oral production remains limited. This study investigates the predictive validity of phraseological complexity measures on L2 oral performance and examines their capacity to differentiate learners across proficiency levels. Analyzing oral performances of 90 test takers in the TEM8‐Oral (test for English majors band eight oral test), results revealed that phraseological complexity exhibited stronger explanatory power for oral performance compared to lexical and syntactic complexity, with advmod_RTTR (‘adverb + adjective/adverb/verb’ Root Type‐Token Ratio) emerging as the most potent predictor. Significant differences were observed in amod_RTTR (‘adjective + noun’ Root Type‐Token Ratio), dobj_RTTR (‘verb + direct object’ Root Type‐Token Ratio), and advmod_RTTR across proficiency levels. Notably, dobj_RTTR and advmod_RTTR uniquely distinguished between all adjacent levels, while other features differentiated only specific levels or showed no clear trends. This study expands on the research on the relationship between phraseological complexity and L2 speaking ability in a Chinese context and provides implications for oral English teaching and refinement of rating for English speaking assessment.
First records of the roughskin dogfish Centroscymnus owstonii in the greater Antilles, central Caribbean Sea, Western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Dixon Olivia F. L. , Aldridge Shannon E. , Kohler Johanna K. , Veeder Anne , Chin Paul , Fernandes Teresa F. , Austin Timothy , Ormond Rupert F. , Gore Mauvis A. , Vaz Diego F. B. , Gallagher Austin J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe roughskin dogfish Centroscymnus owstonii, a deep‐sea shark, has a patchy global distribution, with most knowledge stemming from incidentally captured specimens. Using a deep‐sea remote lander video system, we observed multiple C. owstonii individuals alive on the footage at 1054 m off Little Cayman, Cayman Islands, Western Atlantic Ocean, marking, to our knowledge, the first record of the species in the Greater Antilles, central Caribbean Sea, while also adding a new species locality record for the Cayman Islands. This study expands our knowledge of the distribution of the roughskin dogfish in the region, and highlights the utility of video lander systems for enhancing and expanding our understanding of the biology and diversity of deep‐sea sharks.
Epidemiological Study of Parasites of the Edible Scallop Aequipecten tehuelchus in Patagonia, Southwest Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Vázquez Nuria , Gilardoni Carmen , Cremonte Florencia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study assesses the health status of the edible Tehuelche scallop, Aequipecten tehuelchus, reporting the epidemiological results of the parasites and their infection levels by histopathological analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Environmental factors (site: West and East domains of the San José gulf, seawater temperature) and host traits (size, physiological condition index, gonad development stages) associated with parasite load (prevalence, mean intensity, parasite abundance and total parasite abundance) were tested with generalised linear models (GLMs). Histopathological results revealed Rickettsia‐like organisms (RLOs), several protozoans (Trichodina sp., Nematopsis sp. and APXSc apicomplexans) and metazoans (turbellarians and Tumidotheres maculatus pea crabs) as well as inflammatory lesions in form of granulomas and hemocytic infiltration. The prevalence of the parasitofauna did not vary significantly between gulf domains, except the apicomplexan APXSc that was significantly most prevalent in scallops from the East Domain. However, the mean intensity of infection seemed to be determined by the gulf domains, which present distinct hydrographic regimes, where RLO's, Trichodina sp. and T. maculatus were significantly more intense in scallops from the West, opposite with Nematopsis sp. infection. Total parasite abundance was influenced by seasonal variations, it was negatively correlated with warmer temperatures. The physiological condition index of A. tehuelchus seemed not to be affected by the presence or abundance of any of the parasites. Nevertheless, the apicomplexan APXSc would represent a significant risk to the health of A. tehuelchus due to the pathological conditions, and surveillance of this parasite is needed for a sustainable A. tehuelchus fishery.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Local Epidemiological Cut‐Off Values of Vibrio anguillarum Isolated From Fish Farms in Turkey
Authors: Duman Muhammed , Altun Soner , Satıcıoğlu Izzet Burçin , Balcı Kübra , Taşgın Merve , Bayrak Nisa , Concha Christopher , Miranda Claudio D. , Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTStudies on preventing antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture emphasise the need to responsibly and prudently use antimicrobials, selecting those most effective in controlling and/or reducing mortalities caused by vibriosis. In this study, the distribution of the antimicrobial susceptibility of 28 Vibrio anguillarum isolates from Turkish fish farms was determined using the broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. The epidemiological cut‐off (COWT) values of the V. anguillarum isolates of florfenicol (FLO), tetracycline (TET), doxycycline (DOX), oxolinic acid (OXO), enrofloxacin (ENR) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) were calculated using the normalised resistance interpretation (NRI) and ECOFFinder methods. Isolates were categorised as belonging to the fully susceptible wild‐type (WT) or non‐wild‐type (NWT) populations. Calculated COWT values (in μg mL−1) were ≤ 1.0 for FLO and DOX, ≤ 0.5 for TET, ≤ 0.016 for ENR, ≤ 0.032 for OXO, and ≤ 4.0 for SXT using the NRI analysis. Percentages of V. anguillarum isolates categorised as belonging to the NWT population were small for the antimicrobials FLO (10.7%) and SXT (0%), whereas they were higher for the antimicrobials OXO (39.3%) and ENR (39.3%). This is the first study to estimate the local COWT values for antibiotics used in the control of V. anguillarum isolates recovered from farmed fish in Turkey.
The Mechanism of Immune Intervention by Iguratimod in Oral Lichen Planus Patients: An In Vitro Experimental Study
Authors: Zhang Mengna , Cheng Juehua , Liu Jia , Geng Yanlin , Fan Yuan , Yang Liqun , Zhu Yuchi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell‐mediated immune disease. Iguratimod (IGU) is a novel immunomodulatory agent for rheumatoid arthritis. No studies have been reported on the mechanism of IGU in the treatment of OLP, which deserves investigation.MethodsSamples were collected from two batches of non‐erosive OLP, erosive OLP (EOLP) patients and healthy control subjects. In the first batch, the effects of IGU or the same volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on proliferation, apoptosis and migration of peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBL T) were examined by CCK‐8, flow cytometry and transwell assay respectively. The levels of IL‐6, IL‐17, TNF‐α, TGF‐β and IL‐10 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In the second batch, the percentages of Th17 and Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after IGU or DMSO stimulation.ResultsCompared with the control, IGU promoted apoptosis and inhibited migration, but had no significant effect on the proliferation of PBL T in OLP. IL‐6, IL‐17 and TNF‐α were decreased in OLP. TGF‐β and IL‐10 showed an upward trend in the IGU‐treated EOLP. IGU decreased Th17 in OLP and reduced Th17/Treg ratio in EOLP. The percentage of Treg cells showed an upregulated trend but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionIGU may intervene in the immune response of OLP by affecting functions of PBL T, improving the balance of Th17/Treg and regulating related cytokines.
Anglo‐Muhammadan Uṣūl al‐Fiqh?: The Development of Colonial Legal Theory in British India
Authors: Siddiqui Sohaira 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe jural colonization of Islamic law in India is predominantly read through the translation of key Ḥanafī fiqh texts in the early colonial period and the adjudication of legal cases relying on these texts. Ostensibly missing in this discussion is uṣūl al‐fiqh. To what extent were colonial officials concerned with uṣūl al‐fiqh? Were there any texts of uṣūl al‐fiqh penned under the guise of jural colonization? And if so, what do these texts reveal about the Ḥanafī tradition in the British colonial period? This essay will analyze the first text of uṣūl al‐fiqh, The Principles of Muhammadan Jurisprudence, penned in the late 19th century by a prominent Muslim judge, Abdur Rahim (1867‐1952). Abdur Rahim's impetus for writing his text was to respond to specific critiques of Islamic law that characterized it as an incoherent legal system that could not generate legal certainty. Through exploring his text, I argue that despite his lack of ostensible madrasa training, Abdur Rahim situates his text within the intellectual development of the Ḥanafī school. However, because his text was intended for the British colonial elite, he minimizes key features of Ḥanafī uṣūl al‐fiqh and ultimately produces a text that reflective more of madhhab eclecticism.
Feasibility of Using Rebound Exercise in Community‐Dwelling Adults With Neurological Disorders
Authors: Okemuo Adaora Justina , Dairo Yetunde Marion , Gallagher Dearbhla 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRebound exercise (RE) increases mobility in hospitalized adults with neurological disorders (AwND), but its feasibility in community settings remains largely unexplored. This study evaluates the practicality of implementing RE in the community, particularly for AwND. The feasibility study involved 53 community‐dwelling AwND engaging in RE sessions for 30 min, once‐ or twice‐weekly, over 12 weeks. Feasibility was assessed through recruitment rates, adherence, attrition, and participant feedback. The study measured blood pressure (BP), walking speed (WS), and physical activity level (PAL) at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Repeated measures ANOVA and the Friedman tests were used to test for significant differences across the time points. The study demonstrated high recruitment (70.59%) and retention (98.1%) rates, with most participants (76.9%) preferring once‐weekly sessions due to time constraints. There were no reported injuries or adverse events. Most participants were older adults (50%), females (67.3%), and retired (55.8%). Significantly lower resting BP (p < 0.001), higher WS (p < 0.001), and PAL (p = 0.000) were observed after 12 weeks of RE. In conclusion, RE is a feasible, safe, and acceptable intervention for supervised community‐dwelling AwND and could be a valuable tool for promoting PAL in this population.
Refractory Maxillary Sinusitis Secondary to Odontogenic Malignancy: A Case Report
Authors: Dhanrajani Parmanand , Chung Patrick 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo present a case of unilateral refractory maxillary sinusitis that underlines the difficulties in differentiating between odontogenic inflammatory and malignant pathology.Method and MaterialThe case report discusses the clinical presentation, investigations and specialist consultations of a patient suffering from refractory maxillary sinusitis.ResultsThe eventual diagnosis of keratinising squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionThis case presentation highlights both the difficulty and importance in determining the underlying cause of refractory maxillary sinusitis.
Single‐cell transcriptomic profiling of maize cell heterogeneity and systemic immune responses against Puccinia polysora Underw
Authors: Yan Xiao‐Cui , Liu Qing , Yang Qian , Wang Kai‐Lai , Zhai Xiu‐Zhen , Kou Meng‐Yun , Liu Jia‐Long , Li Shang‐Tong , Deng Shu‐Han , Li Miao‐Miao , Duan Hui‐Jun 
Published: November 2024

SummarySouthern corn rust (SCR), caused by Puccinia polysora Underw (P. polysora), is a catastrophic disease affecting maize, leading to significant global yield losses. The disease manifests primarily as pustules on the upper surface of corn leaves, obscuring our understanding of its cellular heterogeneity, the maize's response to its infection and the underlying gene expression regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we dissected the heterogeneity of maize's response to P. polysora infection using single‐cell RNA sequencing. We delineated cell‐type‐specific gene expression alterations in six leaf cell types, creating the inaugural single‐cell atlas of a maize leaf under fungal assault. Crucially, by reconstructing cellular trajectories in susceptible line N110 and resistant line R99 during infection, we identified diverse regulatory programs that fortify R99's resistance across different leaf cell types. This research uncovers an immune‐like state in R99 leaves, characterized by the expression of various fungi‐induced genes in the absence of fungal infection, particularly in guard and epidermal cells. Our findings also highlight the role of the fungi‐induced glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinase 7 protein (ZmChit7) in conferring resistance to P. polysora. Collectively, our results shed light on the mechanisms of maize resistance to fungal pathogens through comparative single‐cell transcriptomics, offering a valuable resource for pinpointing novel genes that bolster resistance to P. polysora.
Effective Nitrogen Use in Wheat: A Multi‐Environment Trial Comparison of Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency Versus Nutrition Index
Authors: Lacasa Josefina , Le Gouis Jacques , Degan Francesca , Lemaire Gilles , Ciampitti Ignacio 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTModern breeding programs aim to increase the effective use of nitrogen (N) in cereal grain crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to reduce the environmental footprint of agriculture. The effective use of nitrogen may be assessed by measuring N utilization efficiency (NUtE, grain yield to N uptake ratio, both determined at harvest) or by measuring N nutrition index at anthesis (NNI, actual to critical N concentration ratio). Our main objective was to compare NUtE and NNI as metrics for phenotyping effective use of N in wheat. We used data from 11 field experiments evaluating wheat cultivars in contrasting N levels, including a revisionist analysis with historical cultivars. We found that NUtE had nearly no relationship with yield and was negatively related to grain protein concentration. In contrast, we found that NNI was positively related to yield and grain number, and was slightly related to grain protein concentration. Regarding the historical analysis, we found that the efficient use of N increased, but NUtE‐based analyses seemed to estimate greater improvements that NNI‐based analyses. In summary, NUtE may provide overoptimistic results on phenotyping and should be replaced by allometric‐based, plant physiology‐derived metrics such as NNI.