bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coagulation Studies in Asian Women on the 50 Microgram Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill
Authors: Tsakok F.H.M. , Koh S. , Ratnam S.S. 
Published: May 2019

Few, if any studies of coagulation and fibrinolysis have been performed in Asian women. This was because they seemed to be immune from thromboembolic diseases. Since it has been confirmed that the risk of thromboembolism in Caucasian women on oral contraceptives containing 50 microgram of oestrogen is much increased, and that there are also coagulation changes in them, it was found therefore necessary to do similar studies in Asian women.The present report is a prospective study of 100 women on the combined pill containing not less than 50 ug oestrogen. A comprehensive number of tests were performed for the overall clotting effect, coagulation factors and inhibitors, fibrinolysis and inhibitors, and platelet function tests.The overall clotting time seemed to be reduced. Certain coagulation factors were elevated, especially factor VII and factor X. Antithrombin III levels remained the same. There were no significant fibrinolytic changes in the blood. Platelet function tests were not significantly changed. The changes in the blood profile although similar to Caucasian women, have still to be evaluated in its significance to the risk of developing thromboembolic disease.
Therapeutic Ultrasound - An Inducer of Platelet Aggregation in Vitro
Authors: Chater B.V. , Williams A.R. , Sanderson J.H. 
Published: May 2019

Exposure of human platelet rich plasma to therapeutic levels of ultrasound, was found to initiate platelet aggregation and release in vitro. The amount of aggregation, as assessed using a modified platelet aggregometer was found to be related to both the intensity and frequency of the ultrasound. Aggregation occurred at a faster rate and was more extensive at lower frequencies (0.75MHz) and higher intensities. The ability to induce aggregation was found to be directly related to platelet sensitivity to ADP, more sensitive platelets responding to lower intensities of ultrasound. Experiments monitoring the release of 3 thromboglobulin, a marker of the release reaction, indicated that ultrasound was inducing release in two distinct ways.Firstly by the physical disruption of a number of platelets, and secondly by ADP released from the disrupted platelets inducing further release. Release and platelet aggregation was found to parallel the disruption of red cells, as measured by plasma, haemoglobin levels, and this coupled with the greater effect at lower frequencies is thought to indicate that platelet destruction is occurring by cavitation.
Identification of Sources of Inter-Laboratory Variation in Factor VIII Assay
Authors: Kirkwood T.B.L. , Rizza C.R. , Snape T.J. , Rhymes I. , Austen D.E.G. 
Published: May 2019

A repeated finding of national and international collaborative studies of standard Factor VIII preparations has been that systematic differences exist between laboratories in their measurement of the relative activities of the same pairs of Factor VIII preparations.A workshop meeting was held at the Oxford Haemophilia Centre (England) during 23rd-26th November 1976 to investigate which of the possible sources of variation between laboratories were responsible. Participants from 16 British laboratories (9 one-stage, 7 two-stage) performed a total of 273 assays using three freeze-dried preparations of differing purity (a plasma, an intermediate and a high purity concentrate). The results of assays with each participant using their normal system established that, if the participants were a representative cross-section, approximately one-third of one-stage laboratories would show a systematic difference from the overall mean of at least 16%, with a similar figure for the two-stage laboratories of 9%. Various features of the assay systems were then modified in a controlled series of experiments. The results showed conclusively that i) differences between reagents accounted for most of the variation between laboratories and, ii) the two-stage assays were, on average, detecting relatively more activity in the more purified preparations than the one-stage assays. The results also suggested that the use of buffer as opposed to haemophilic plasma for the initial dilution of concentrates did not affect the assay results.
Adenosine Diphosphate Induced Aggregation and Release Reaction in Heparinized Platelet Rich Plasma
Authors: Heptinstall S. , Mulley G.P. 
Published: May 2019

Preparations of heparinized platelet rich plasma (PRP) from 54 different volunteers were examined to determine the extent of platelet aggregation and release reaction both in the absence and presence of citrate. Platelet aggregation was studied in fresh untreated samples of PRP using a range of concentrations of ADP. To study release reaction platelets in a portion of each preparation were labelled with 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine. Released radioactivity was measured after stirring with ADP or with ADP and citrate.Even in the absence of citrate release was considerable in 26 of the preparations. There was a good correlation between extent of aggregation and extent of release reaction. When second phase aggregation occurred release was extensive, when release was low or absent the higher concentrations of ADP were required to bring about “irreversible” aggregation. Whenever citrate was present release reaction was enhanced. Enhanced release reaction was also observed in PRP in which the bulk of plasma calcium had been exchanged for sodium by ion exchange chromatography.It is concluded that ADP induced release reaction can occur in heparinized PRP but that it is enhanced by reducing the concentration of extracellular ionised calcium.
Plasminogen Activator Release After Venous Occlusion and Infusion of DDAVP
Authors: Åberq M. , Nilsson I.M. 
Published: May 2019

Defective release of fibrinolytic activator from the. vessel walls implies an increased risk of thromboembolic disease (Isacson and Nilsson 1972). Therefore methods suitable for determination of the fibrinolytic “capacity” in man have become increasingly interesting. The fibrinolytic activity (FA) in blood after infusion of DDAVP (l-desamino-8-D-argininvasopressin) was determined in 21 normals and 42 patients with recurrent venous thrombosis. The results were compared with those found after venous occlusion (VO) in the same subjects. DDAVP induced a significant but lower increase of the fibrinolytic activity in blood than VO. The correlation was good between the FA immediately after DDAVP and VO both in normals (r = 0.53) and in patients (r = 0.63). Both DDAVP and VO induced a significantly lower FA in patients than in normals. All subjects studied showed an increase of the FA with both methods used. Both DDAVP and VO induced a significant increase of VIII:C and VIIIR:AG. This increase was about the same in the two groups. No side effects were found after infusion of DDAVP which thus seems to be suitable for determination of the fibrinolytic “capacity” in patients with thromboembolic disease.Isacson, S. and Nilsson, I.M. 1972. Acta chir. scand. 138, 313.
Platelet ADP-Hypersensitivity by Aging and Isometric Exercise in Diabetics and its Prevention by EG-626
Authors: Sano T. , Motomiya T. , Itoh Y. , Mashimo N. , Yamazaki H. , Shimamoto T. 
Published: May 2019

The important role of platelet aggregation in the pathophysiology of diabetic vascular disease has been emphasized. The authors devised a new method to assess platelet sensitivity to aggregation performed without centrifugation (Sano et al. Thrombos. Haemostasis April '77 issue, in press). Using this technique, platelet aggregability in diabetics was assessed concerning to age and to. the effect of isometric exercise. The effect of EG-626, a potent cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibiting and thromboxane A2-antagonistic substance, administered prior to exercise was also observed.In 52 diabetics without macroangiopathy, platelet sensitivity to ADP-aggregation was assessed. The sensitivity was expressed by ‘n’ of the minimum effective concentration of serially two-fold diluted ADP, 2-n mg/ml, to give aggregation. In males, both diabetics and healthy, the sensitivity correlated significantly with age. The regression lines obtained were Y=2.15+0,13X (Y: sensitivity, X:age in years) in the diabetics and Y=6.58+0.04X in the healthy subjects respectively. The value of the slope was significantly higher in the diabetics comparing to the healthy subjects. An enhancement of the platelet sensitivity was disclosed significantly in the diabetics but not in the healthy subjects, after isometric handgrip exercise at 50% maximal voluntary contraction for 2 minutes.. This enhancement was prevented when the patients were treated orally with 300 mg of EG-626, 1.5 hours before exercise. These findings would suggest the thrombotic tendency in diabetics and anti-thrombotic effect of this compound.
Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Findings in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Various Neurological Diseases
Authors: Maruyama I. , Fukuda R. , Kazama M. , Igata A. , Abe T. 
Published: May 2019

The coagulation and fibrinolytic factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of various neurological diseases as well as their inhibitors were examined.a) CSF of inflammatory diseases in central nervous system (CNS) was proved to have elevated FDP, plasminogen and inhibitors which were rapidly increased at the first stage, showing no obvious relation with those in blood.b) CSF of neoplasmas showed markedly elevated macromolecular FDP manufactured in CSF, plasminogen and inhibitors which were gradually increased along the courses.c) In cases of cerebral hemorrhage, almost all the coagulation factors, FDP and inhibitors were found in CSF. These substances seemed to be originated from bled blood and FDP was consisted of smaller molecules, D and E.d) Subarachnoidal bleeding gave CSF with plenty amount of fibrinogen and other coagulation and fibrinolytic components from blood including F.XIII which was not proved usually in CSF.The administration of tranexamic acid for prevention of reccurrent attacks might possibly allow fibrin deposition on subarachnoidal membrane and develope normal pressure hydrocephalus with the collaboration of activated F.XIII.e) CSF with Froin’s sign sometimes shwed markedly elevated fibrinogen and soluble fibrin monomer complex which had no relation to those in blood.
Thrombokinetic Study to Predict Episodes of Thrombogenesis
Authors: Kuramoto A. 
Published: May 2019

To predict thrombosis and to evaluate anti-thrombotic agents, a thrombokinetic study was done on subjects in thrombogenic state with cardio-vascular and hematologic diseases, artificial heart valve replacement, thromboangiitis and thrombocythemia. Platelets were labelled with 51Cr (Thromb. Res. 8, Suppl. 11: 347, 1976).During thrombocytosis (>106/mm3), 2 of 4 cases with primary thrombocythemia and 3 of 4 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (2 of whom developed thrombosis) had shortened survival. This increased turnover reflected compensatory production of platelets and increased thrombopoiesis. Fourteen cases with artificial heart valve replacement showed short survival with proportionally higher turnover. Three cases with short survival despite high doses of dipyridamole therapy developed thrombosis.To evaluate platelet participation in the development of cerebrovascular lesion; cerebral infarction and/or bleeding in animal model, platelet survivals were measured by 75se-methionine incorporation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat-stroke prone strain, (SHR-SP, Okamoto-Yamori), which become hypertensive at age 5-25 weeks. Peak of 75se-methionine in platelets which develop hypertension at age, 5-25 weeks occur on 3rd. day after I.V. injection in SHR-SP and controls (SHR-stroke resistant and normotensive Wistar rat), and was significantly higher in SHR-SP than the controls. Survivals by 75se-methionine and by 51cr labels (16th Int. Congr. Hemat. Sept. 1976, Kyoto, Abstr. Symp. S-12-4, pp. 39) suggested shorter survival of SHR-SP in 10-15 weeks of age than control. Short survival with increased turnover indicated increased consumption due possibly to vascular damage associated with the development of hypertension. Ability to predict strokes in adult rats has been examined.
The Natural History of Haemophilic Arthritis
Authors: Handelsman J.E. , Lurie A.L. , Rippey J.J. , Hill R.R. , Sweet M.B.E. , Thonar E.J-M.A. 
Published: May 2019

Surgical exploration of eight chronically afflicted haemophilic knee joints in patients aged 6 to 31 years, has revealed a pattern of progressive arthropathy.Significant synovial changes occurred very early. Cellular overgrowth produced thickening, convolution and increased vascularity. Haemosiderin was deposited heavily in all cell layers. Fibrosis ultimately contracted the synovium.Chronic inflammation produced epiphyseal overgrowth. Initially, articular cartilage changes resembled chondromalacia, but fissuring soon occurred and ultimately cartilage was totally lost over central weight-bearing areas and in the intercondylar region. Anomalies of matrix, chondrocyte aggregation and death, and subchondral round cell infiltration were features. Haemosiderin staining was sparse, occurring only in some chondrocytes and infiltrating cells.Biochemical analysis of articular cartilage biopsies revealed a severe depletion of glycosaminoglycans. There was no biochemical evidence of a reaction of repair.Articular cartilage damage occurred mainly between the ages of 6 and 10 years. This evidence suggests that early surgical synovectomy may arrest the process that produces progressive joint destruction.
Chemical Synovectomy in Induced Haemophiliac Synovitis
Authors: Darracott J. , Cole F.M. , Belbeck L. 
Published: May 2019

The response to chemical synovectomy with Yttrium 90 Colloid Citrate in induced Haemophiliac synovitis was studied.The synovitis was induced in five Haemophilia ‘B’ (Factor IX deficient) dogs by injection of 2.5 ml. of each dogs blood into their own knee joints at least 26 times over a period of one year. 100 uC of Y90 Colloid Citrate was injected into one knee of each of the three surviving dogs. One year later the synovium and articular cartilage of both knees of the surviving dogs were compared.The joints injected with Y90 macroscopically appeared normal; microscopically there was minimal evidence of inflammation and iron accumulation; there was no discernable change in the articular cartilage on routine and metachromatic stains.The joints not injected with Y90 showed heavy pigmentation and thickening macroscopically; microscopically there was marked inflammatory infiltrate and hemosiderin deposition.Chemical synovectomy is relatively atraumatic and it is suggested that consideration be given to its use in man, in the treatment of haemophiliac synovitis.
Legal Ways to Contest job Discrimination Among Hemophiliacs
Authors: Amitrani Paul , Goldman Donald 
Published: May 2019

Despite many major advances made in the treatment of hemophilia in the past decade, many employers remain extremely reluctant to hire a hemophiliac. This is the case even when the individual is not even mildly disabled by the ravages of the affliction, and when his bleeding episodes are under control. The employment problem among many hemophiliacs is chronic, arising from a vicious cycle in the past of missed educational opportunities, inability to work steadily, severe orthopedic problems and lack of positive reinforcement.We describe the methods hemophiliacs have used to obtain and maintain gainful employment. We also describe legal ways in which the hemophiliac can prevent discrimination in hiring and which they can use to contest dismissals. The need for public education of employers will be emphasized and the resources available to victims of disability or chronic unemployment will be discussed.
“Santal” a Hemophiliac Data Bank in the Network Cyclades
Authors: Bosser C. , Duport J.P. , Frommel D. , Noël B. , Saint Paul E. 
Published: May 2019

For the past two years a group of sixty hemophiliacs regularly treated by the same medical team has produced the data of “Santal”. This data base is running in a real context on the network Cyclades (which is the precursary system of Transpac) and which enables clinicians and health economists of countries connected to the network to collaborate. The initial aim of this data base was to gain efficiency in the qualitative value and optimality of the therapeutics of hemophilia.Santal seems to be an illustration on a large scale of a pool of knowledge and ability for the healing of chronic diseases requiring continuous or discontinuous treatments. By using informatics and some branches of mathematics in the medical field, this work has benefitted from R. Thom’s theories in an interdisciplinary and qualitative approach to discontinuous phenomena.
Effects of Psychiatric Intervention on Concentrate Usage
Authors: Ackerman L.L. , Eyster M.E. , Charney D. , Haverstick J. 
Published: May 2019

To investigate possible psychosocial causes for increased Factor VIII requirements, concentrate usage was assessed from records submitted monthly by a 16 year old boy with a Factor VIII level of < 1%. This patient was using almost 5 times more concentrate per year than our average home therapy patient.Group, family and individual psychotherapy, as well as relaxation techniques were utilized with the psychiatrist unaware of the amount of concentrate used. Concentrate usage during the 15 month period immediately preceding therapy was 23,051 ± 3,441.44 Units/month for a total of 344,900 units. For the 15 month period following initiation of therapy, usage was 14,942 ± 3,204.81 units/month for a total of 221,595 units. This represented a 36% decrease in concentrate usage and a saving of approximately $12,000 while the total cost of psychiatric therapy was $1,115.This case study illustrates that psychological factors may affect concentrate usage. The results also suggest that psychological dependencies and stress induced needs that develop in some patients on home therapy can be effectively treated by psychosocial intervention.
HBS and “e” Antigen-Antibody Systems in a Population of Hemophiliacs
Authors: Mariani G. , Bottini F.R. , Mazzucconi M.G. , DeBac C. , Taliani G. 
Published: May 2019

In a population of 70 patients with congenital coagulation disorders, most of them hemophiliacs (61), HBS antigen (Ag), HBg antibody (Ab) as well as “e” Ag and Ab have been studied. These patients have been repeatedly exposed in the past to replacement therapy especially with commercial freeze-dried concentrates. Fourteen patients (20%) experienced juandice in the past four years. HBsAg was detected in 3 patients (4%) and HBsAb in 47 (67%). “e”Ag was detected in 8 patients (11%) and “e”Ab in 7(10%) . All the ‘e”Ag-positive patients but one were HBsAb-positive, although at a low titre. None of the “e”Ag-positive patients had raised serum-transaminases levels.The clinical and prognostic significance of these hepatitis B-related humoral findings remains obscure.
The Natural History of “Inhibitors” to Factors VIII and IX in Hemophiliacs
Authors: Harris C.E.C. 
Published: May 2019

Since 1954 an increasing number of adult hemophiliacs have been followed and “inhibitors” have been found in a minority of patients. A retrospective study was made of 9 factor-VIII and of 9 factor-IX cases who have attended with sufficient regularity for adequate documentation. The presence of this complication was, until recently, suspected because of failure clinically to respond to replacement therapy and confirmed by the original Biggs’ technique in the laboratory. In the past k years, this has been replaced by her method using serial dilutions at room temperature and at 37°C, incubated for 1 hour. In addition, studies have been made of factor recovery and survival following infusions.In no case were immuno-suppressive agents used. There were no deaths. Life-threatening crises were met by conservative measures, including hypothermia, and by the use of porcine factor-VIII. Instances when in vivo survival of infused concentrate was shortened were usually managed successfully by more frequent administration of equal or lesser dosage quantities; it was exceptional in such cases to witness enhancement of “inhibitor” potency as a consequence.In no less than 6 of the 9 patients would it seem that the “inhibitor” has disappeared and full clinical response is now being obtained with standard dosage schedules. The nature of “inhibitors” would not seem to be well understood.
Oral Prophylactic Therapy in Hemophilia A and B (Factor VIII and IX Deficiencies)
Authors: Stapp W.F. , Boudreaux H.B. 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this ongoing nutritional study with massive doses of choline ultimately is to try and establish an alternative means of prophylactic therapy to recently proposed use of plasma fractions, plasma factor concentrates and earlier so-called “bleeding and clotting diets”. Contrary to other prophylactic therapy studies, our premise is that if all other hemostatic and homeostatic factors are near normal through optimum nutrition, the over-all importance of Factor VIII and Factor IX deficiencies are less significant.Case reports of patients with Hemophilia A and B are presented, which indicate a comparative decrease in the plasma fraction requirements for the treatment of the bleeding episodes in these patients during long term therapy with megavitamin doses of choline (a refinement of Boudreaux’s “peanut factor”). One case (WFS) of severe Hemophilia A with less than 1% Factor VIII, under therapy for over 10 yeara has had periods of remission not requiring plasma factor infusions for almost 2 years.From our combined studies, we conclude that a long term nutritional prophylactic therapy program with emphasis on choline in Hemophilia A and B can result in a decrease in plasma needs. antibody formation and the occurrence of hepatitis.
Molecular Mechanisms of Contact Activation
Authors: Griffin John H. 
Published: May 2019

Exposure of human plasma to various negatively charged surfaces (glass, kaolin, connective tissue components, urate crystals, endotoxin, etc.) leads to ‘contact activation”of plasma and thereby initiates the activation of the intrinsic coagulation, the kinin-forming, and the plasma fibrinolytic systems. Studies of plasmas which are functionally defective in contact activation reactions implicate the following proteins in contact activation reactions: (1) Hageman Factor (HF) (Factor XII); (2) prekallikrein (Fletcher Factor); (3) high MW kininogen (Fitzgerald, Flau¡eac, or Williams Factor) (Contact Activation Cofactor); and (4) Factor XI. Recent studies suggest that a previously postulated HF-dependent plasminogen proactivator is identical to prekallikrein.A mixture of purified HF, high MW kininogen, prekallikrein, and kaolin gives the same rapid rate of activation of purified Factor XI as does an equivalent aliquot of plasma plus kaolin, thus suggesting that contact activation of Factor XI is fully explicable in terms of the interactions between these proteins. Using these purified proteins, the molecular mechanisms of contact activation have been studied extensively, and the results which will be presented support the following new hypothesis. Surface-binding of HF does not convert a detectable fraction (<1%) of HF molecules to active enzymes as previously supposed, but instead it renders HF much more susceptible (100 to 400-fold) to proteolytic activation by plasmin or kallikrein in the presence of high MW kininogen. High MW kininogen is a surface-bound HF cofactor for each step in the reciprocal activation of prekallikrein and HF, and for the limited cleavage of Factor XI by activated HF.