bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A broadband wire hexagon antenna array for future 5G communications in 28 GHz band
Authors: Ullah Hidayat , Tahir Farooq A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA broadband antenna array for 28 GHz 5G communications is presented in this paper. The antenna array has dimensions of 45 × 20 mm2 and has a measured operating band in 25.052‐34.923 GHz frequency range. A 4‐way feed network to excite its array elements was designed and optimized for the operating band. The single element consists of two co‐centric wire hexagons backed by another hexagonal ground loop of larger radius. The resulting monopole is surrounded by vias arranged in an inverted U‐shape manner for better performance. The antenna array has a minimum radiation efficiency of 85% with peak gain of 12.15 dBi. The antenna has narrow beam‐widths of 44.3° and 12.5° in two of its respective planes. The antenna is fabricated on an ultra‐thin Rogers substrate. The proposed antenna is deemed suitable for future 5G communication systems due to its simple design, compact size and low fabrication cost.
Comparison of in vivo lung morphometry models from 3D multiple b‐value 3He and 129Xe diffusion‐weighted MRI
Authors: Chan Ho‐Fung , Collier Guilhem J. , Weatherley Nicholas D. , Wild Jim M. 
Published: December 2018

PurposeTo compare in vivo lung morphometry parameters derived from theoretical gas diffusion models, the cylinder model and stretched exponential model, in a range of acinar microstructural length scales encountered in healthy and diseased lungs with 3He and 129Xe diffusion‐weighted MRI.MethodsThree‐dimensional multiple b‐value 3He and 129Xe diffusion‐weighted MRI was acquired with compressed sensing at 1.5 T from 51 and 31 subjects, respectively, including healthy volunteers, ex‐smokers, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. For each subject, the stretched exponential model–derived mean diffusive length scale (LmD) was calculated from the diffusion signal decay, and was compared with the cylinder model–derived mean chord length (Lm) and mean alveolar diameter (LAlv) in order to determine the relationships among the different lung morphometry parameters.ResultsFor both 3He and 129Xe diffusion‐weighted MRI, the mean global LmD value was significantly related (P < .001) to Lm in a nonlinear power relationship, whereas the LAlv demonstrated excellent linear correlation (P < .001) with LmD. A mean bias of +1.0% and 2.6% toward LmD was obtained for Bland‐Altman analyses of 3He and 129Xe LmD and LAlv values, suggesting that the two morphometric parameters are equivalent measures of mean acinar dimensions.ConclusionWithin the experimental range of parameters considered here for both 3He and 129Xe, the stretched exponential model–derived LmD is related nonlinearly to cylinder model–derived Lm, and demonstrates excellent agreement with the cylinder model–derived LAlv.
Mix‐&‐Read Determination of Mercury(II) at Trace Levels with Hybrid Mesoporous Silica Materials Incorporating Fluorescent Probes by a Simple Mix‐&‐Load Technique
Authors: Climent Estela , Hecht Mandy , Witthuhn Heike , Gawlitza Kornelia , Rurack Knut 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and application of mesoporous materials containing boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moieties that allow the sensitive and selective detection of HgII in aqueous environments by fluorescence enhancement is reported. For this purpose, BODIPY dye I containing a thia‐aza crown ether receptor as the fluorescent probe for the detection of HgII in aqueous environments is encapsulated into mesoporous materials to avoid self‐quenching or aggregation in water. Determination of HgII is accomplished within a few seconds with high selectivity and sensitivity, reaching a limit of detection of 12 ppt. The determination of trace amounts of HgII in natural waters and in fish extracts is demonstrated by using our sensing material. The incorporation of the material into several μ‐PAD strips yields a portable, cheap, quick, and easy‐to‐handle tool for trace HgII analysis in water.
Weight self‐stigma and weight loss during behavioural weight loss intervention
Authors: Lillis J. , Thomas J. G. , Olson K. , Wing R. R. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveDespite the myriad negative effects of weight self‐stigma, its role in weight loss intervention has not been thoroughly examined. The aim of this study was to examine the association between weight self‐stigma and weight loss.MethodsThis longitudinal study examined the association between weight loss and changes in self‐stigma, assessed by the Weight Self‐Stigma Questionnaire, which distinguished between self‐devaluation and fear of enacted stigma. Participants were adults with overweight or obesity enrolled in a 24‐month weight loss intervention trial (groups were collapsed for this post hoc analysis) who were assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.ResultsBaseline levels of self‐stigma were not associated with weight loss outcomes. However, mixed models analysis showed that reductions in one aspect of weight self‐stigma, self‐devaluation, was associated with greater weight loss (p = 0.01). Cross products mediation analysis showed that increases in use of weight control strategies mediated the association between reductions in self‐devaluation and greater weight loss (F = 14.86, p < 0.001; CI 0.09–0.37).ConclusionsResults suggest that there may be potential for incorporating intervention methods targeting the reduction of self‐stigma in order to improve weight loss outcomes.
Lifestyle behaviours or socioeconomic characteristics? Gender differences in covariates of BMI in Hungary
Authors: Jarosz E. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveLifestyle behaviours are everyday activities that result from individual's values, knowledge, and norms shaped by broader cultural and socioeconomic context. These behaviours affect body weight as well as overall health and are influenced by a number of social characteristics. The aim of this paper was to examine the net effects of lifestyle behaviours and socioeconomic factors on body mass index (BMI), and how these differed by gender.MethodsThis study used the 2009/2010 Hungarian Time Use Survey combining behavioural records, background information, and measures of self‐reported health and weight. The sample (n = 7765) was representative for the Hungarian population. Multivariate linear OLS regression models were employed to analyse the net effects of lifestyle and sociodemographic variables.ResultsDaily behaviours were associated with BMI for women, but not for men, except for smoking. Meals frequency and duration of sleep had negative effects on female BMI, whereas duration of TV viewing had a positive effect. Occupational class was associated with male BMI, but not with female. The strong negative effect of smoking was significant for both genders.ConclusionsLifestyle behaviours were linked with female BMI, with socioeconomic characteristics impacting on male BMI. These results suggest that a gender‐specific approach may be appropriate to address obesity issues in the Hungarian population.
Comparing external and internal validation methods in correcting outcome misclassification bias in logistic regression: A simulation study and application to the case of postsurgical venous thromboembolism following total hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ni Jiayi , Dasgupta Kaberi , Kahn Suzan R. , Talbot Denis , Lefebvre Geneviève , Lix Lisa M. , Berry Greg , Burman Mark , Dimentberg Ronald , Laflamme Yves , Cirkovic Alain , Rahme Elham 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeWe assessed the validity of postsurgery venous thromboembolism (VTE) diagnoses identified from administrative databases and compared Bayesian and multiple imputation (MI) approaches in correcting for outcome misclassification in logistic regression models.MethodsSensitivity and specificity of postsurgery VTE among patients undergoing total hip or knee replacement (THR/TKR) were assessed against chart review in six Montreal hospitals in 2009 to 2010. Administrative data on all THR/TKR Quebec patients in 2009 to 2010 were obtained. The performance of Bayesian external, Bayesian internal, and MI approaches to correct the odds ratio (OR) of postsurgery VTE in tertiary versus community hospitals was assessed using simulations. Bayesian external approach used prior information from external sources, while Bayesian internal and MI approaches used chart review.ResultsIn total, 17 319 patients were included, 2136 in participating hospitals, among whom 75 had VTE in administrative data versus 81 in chart review. VTE sensitivity was 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.48‐0.69) and specificity was 0.99 (0.98‐0.99), overall. The adjusted OR of VTE in tertiary versus community hospitals was 1.35 (1.12‐1.64) using administrative data, 1.45 (0.97‐2.19) when MI was used for misclassification correction, and 1.53 (0.83‐2.87) and 1.57 (0.39‐5.24) when Bayesian internal and external approaches were used, respectively. In simulations, all three approaches reduced the OR bias and had appropriate coverage for both nondifferential and differential misclassification.ConclusionVTE identified from administrative data had low sensitivity and high specificity. The Bayesian external approach was useful to reduce outcome misclassification bias in logistic regression; however, it required accurate specification of the misclassification properties and should be used with caution.
Bio‐Based PLA Finds Novel Packaging Uses
Authors: Grace Robert 
Published: December 2018

Two entrepreneurial U.S. companies have developed novel but very different consumer packaging applications for polylactic acid biopolymers. For one, the prospects may be sky high; for the other, they are literally repellent.PLA thermoplastic resins are polymers derived from renewable natural resources. The firms in question—Sana Packaging Inc. in Denver, Colo., and EarthKind LLC in Bismarck, N.D.—are each using bio‐filled PLA in their products.
In Vitro and In Vivo Proteomic Comparison of Human Neural Progenitor Cell‐Induced Photoreceptor Survival
Authors: Jones Melissa K. , Lu Bin , Chen Dawn Zhaohui , Spivia Weston R. , Mercado Augustus T. , Ljubimov Alexander V. , Svendsen Clive N. , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Wang Shaomei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRetinal degenerative diseases lead to blindness with few treatments. Various cell‐based therapies are aimed to slow the progression of vision loss by preserving light‐sensing photoreceptor cells. A subretinal injection of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) into the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat model of retinal degeneration has aided in photoreceptor survival, though the mechanisms are mainly unknown. Identifying the retinal proteomic changes that occur following hNPC treatment leads to better understanding of neuroprotection. To mimic the retinal environment following hNPC injection, a co‐culture system of retinas and hNPCs is developed. Less cell death occurs in RCS retinal tissue co‐cultured with hNPCs than in retinas cultured alone, suggesting that hNPCs provide retinal protection in vitro. Comparison of ex vivo and in vivo retinas identifies nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NRF2) mediated oxidative response signaling as an hNPC‐induced pathway. This is the first study to compare proteomic changes following treatment with hNPCs in both an ex vivo and in vivo environment, further allowing the use of ex vivo modeling for mechanisms of retinal preservation. Elucidation of the protein changes in the retina following hNPC treatment may lead to the discovery of mechanisms of photoreceptor survival and its therapeutic for clinical applications.
Influence of remote intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the acidity of hydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinonederivatives: A DFT study
Authors: Bayat Ahmad , Fattahi Alireza 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, the effects of the remote intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the acidity of hydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone derivatives have been investigatedab initioby employing density functional theory (DFT) methods. The computational studies were performed for both gas and solution (H2O, DMSO, and MeCN solutions) phases. Our results indicated that remote hydrogen bonding could play an important role in increasing the acidity of hydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone.Noncovalent interaction reduced density gradient (NCI‐RDG) methods were used to visualize the attractive and repulsive interactions in the studied acids and their conjugate bases. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was performed to confirm intramolecular hydrogen bonding effect on acidity. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) was also used to study the nature of hydrogen bonds. QTAIM results showed that the intramolecular hydrogen bonds in these structures are electrostatic (closed‐shell) interactions in nature.
The challenge for botanic garden science
Authors: Smith Paul 
Published: December 2018

Societal Impact StatementPlants are fundamental to solving many of humanity's most important challenges: food insecurity, water scarcity, energy, health, and climate change. With more than 20% of the world's plant species currently threatened with extinction, the loss of plant diversity will result in reduced options for human innovation, adaptation, and resilience. The world's botanic gardens already conserve and manage around a third of all known plant species in their living collections as well as seed banks as an insurance policy against extinction and as a resource to support scientific research. This work needs to be expanded rapidly if we are to avoid further plant species extinctions.SummaryHistorically, botanic garden science has been dominated by the disciplines of economic botany and taxonomy. Today, with around 20% of plant species threatened with extinction, the author argues that unless botanic gardens shift their efforts toward the conservation, management and use of plants, the loss of plant diversity will stifle human innovation, adaptation, and resilience. The enormous body of taxonomic knowledge, skills, data, and collections built up over the past two centuries is fundamental to managing plant diversity. These resources need to be used to address challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, renewable energy, human health, biodiversity conservation, and climate change. At a time when botanic gardens are increasingly seen as visitor attractions, rather than scientific institutions, refocusing their efforts is in the best interests of botanic gardens as well as those of broader society. The author gives examples of how botanic gardens are already supplying crop wild relatives to plant breeders; using their living collections to assess resilience to climate change and vulnerability to pests and diseases; and conserving rare and threatened plant species for future use. However, in spite of these efforts, only a small fraction of the estimated 60,000 plant scientists and specialist horticulturists in the world's botanic gardens are engaged in scientific research that has demonstrable impact on how we conserve or manage plant diversity. The author argues that it is time for botanic gardens to develop a new contract with society—a contract that delivers outcomes for society that only botanic gardens, as custodians of the world's plant diversity, can deliver.
Self‐organizing researcher networks in the plant sciences
Authors: Dodd Antony N. , Harper Helen , Hiscock Simon J. , Koch Marcus A. , Kudoh Hiroshi , Oyama Tokitaka , Schumacher Karin , Shimada Tomoo , Tamura Minoru N. 
Published: December 2018

Societal Impact StatementThe next generation of plant scientists must have expertise in a broad range of fields and experimental approaches to overcome the grand challenges of the 21st century. Plant science will play a role in addressing these challenges, for example, our plant scientists must contribute to diverse areas, from plant breeding to ensure robust and resilient crops; to large‐scale climate modeling in response to climate change events. Small international networks led by early career scientists can help facilitate the progression of such individuals to leadership roles in the plant sciences and thus can help nurture our next generation of scientific pioneers.
An evolutionary and cultural biography of ginkgo
Authors: Crane Peter R. 
Published: December 2018

Societal Impact statementGinkgo biloba is a distinctive living tree with a unique place in plant evolution and human culture. It is valued in horticulture and as a street tree, is a source of edible “nuts” and popular in herbal medicine, and it has proved inspirational in art, literature, and religion. Ginkgo is also a living link to diverse seed plants that flourished over 100 million years ago. With recent discoveries of extinct fossil ginkgo relatives, and the recent draft sequence of its genome, ginkgo offers opportunities to increase public understanding of plant science and the importance of plant conservation.SummaryGinkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is one of the world’s most distinctive trees and has no close living relatives. It is the last survivor of an ancient and once diverse lineage that was almost extinguished by the Pleistocene glaciations and survived only as a relic in restricted areas of eastern and central China. Remarkably, since then, through its association with people, ginkgo has undergone a dramatic resurgence. In China, Japan, and Korea, it has long been prized as an edible nut and it is also revered in eastern religions. Ginkgo is also one of the world’s most widely used street trees, has become a popular horticultural novelty, and has featured prominently in art of all kinds. Extracts from its leaves are a widely used herbal supplement. In the context of current threats to plant diversity, ginkgo is a good news story: an unusual exemplar that highlights how people can contribute to species survival in the world of plants.
Successful treatment of a solitary brain metastasis from small cell lung cancer with whole brain radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery boost: A case report
Authors: Jammal Mustafa , Hilal Lara , Assi Hazem , Faddoul Daniel , Youssef Bassem 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with a high potential for brain metastases. Treatment for metastatic SCLC is systemic chemotherapy, but the median overall survival remains poor. Cranial irradiation for palliative purposes using whole brain radiotherapy is the standard‐of‐care for patients with symptomatic brain metastases. However, few reports showed a prolonged survival in SCLC patients with solitary brain metastasis treated with a definitive intent. We report a case of a 62‐year‐old man who presented with solitary brain metastasis secondary to SCLC who was successfully treated with definitive radiotherapy to the primary lesion and the solitary brain metastasis, and followed up for 2 years.
Getting it right for projects in early design phase: Advanced techniques to ensure accurate explosion assessments
Authors: Botwinick Drew , Davis Scott 
Published: December 2018

A large vapour cloud explosion followed by a fire is one of the most dangerous and high‐consequence events that can occur at petrochemical facilities. As the size and complexity of facilities increase, designs must consider the potential adverse effects associated with vapour cloud explosions in large congested areas. Designing topside structures to withstand a maximum credible event by avoiding unacceptable escalation of events and damage to safety critical equipment is an essential part of the path toward safer designs. One main factor inhibiting inherently safer designs is the lack of detailed geometry information in the early design phase. When congestion due to small components is not integrated into the explosion pressure analysis model, the design blast loads will be severely underestimated. This article will compare detailed computer‐aided design (CAD) models obtained for both early design phase and as‐built final detailed design, and demonstrate the gross under prediction of accidental explosion loads of the early phase models, as compared to as‐built. In fact, the explosion overpressures can differ by an order of magnitude underlining the need for guidance on the necessary levels of congestion required to obtain reliable blast loads.Gexcon has evaluated traditional congestion parameters such as volume blockage ratio, surface area to volume ratio and packing density as indicators of predicted overpressure as they are commonly used for explosion siting studies. On their own, these parameters have not proven reliable indicators of predicted overpressure and have shown no direct correlation to predicted overpressure across varying geometries. The lack of a direct relationship makes assessing the amount of required congestion to be added to early design phase models challenging. This study will focus on evaluating alternative ways of quantifying congestion, such as non‐dimensional congestion parameters, row spacing, and special obstruction density gradients, to evaluate combustion and eddy/turbulence decay downstream of obstructed areas. With these alternative parameters, we have further refined our anticipated congestion method for petrochemical facilities for accurate predictions of explosion consequences with early design phase models (concept or front‐end engineering design (FEED), phase). This methodology will define what levels of anticipated congestion are necessary to supplement CAD models in early design phase to ensure accurate assessment of explosion hazards and include recommendations for required congestion level for supplementing early phase designs. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 38: e11995, 2019
Evolution and functional analysis of odorant‐binding proteins in three rice planthoppers: Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, and Laodelphax striatellus
Authors: He Peng , Chen Guang‐Lei , Li Shuo , Wang Jun , Ma Yun‐Feng , Pan Yu‐Feng , He Ming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe white‐backed planthopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera, the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, and the small brown planthopper (SBPH) Laodelphax striatellus are three notorious rice pests that cause annual losses in rice yield through sap‐sucking and virus transmission. Odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) are crucial olfactory genes involved in host‐seeking behavior.RESULTSWe discovered the presence of 12, 12, and 16 OBPs in WBPH, BPH, and SBPH, respectively, including two novel OBPs in BPH and seven novel OBPs in SBPH. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of these OBPs have homologous genes, and one group (SfurOBP11, NlugOBP8, and LstrOBP2) show a slower evolution rate and are more conserved. Further, in vitro binding studies demonstrated that the three OBPs have similar binding affinities for some rice plant volatiles. Finally, RNA interference (RNAi) successfully inhibited the mRNA expression of the three OBPs, and in vivo behavioral tests showed that the OBP‐deficient rice planthoppers were partly anosmic and lost some of their ability to locate rice plants.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate the crucial role of the rice planthopper OBP genes in seeking rice plants. This information complements the current genetic resources for the development of RNAi‐based transgenic rice and other pest management technologies. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry