bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restraining Cancer Cells by Dual Metabolic Inhibition with a Mitochondrion‐Targeted Platinum(II) Complex
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhu Chengcheng , He Yafeng , Zhang Zhenqin , Zhou Wen , Muhammad Nafees , Guo Yan , Wang Xiaoyong , Guo Zijian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCancer cells usually adapt metabolic phenotypes to chemotherapeutics. A defensive strategy against this flexibility is to modulate signaling pathways relevant to cancer bioenergetics. A triphenylphosphonium‐modified terpyridine platinum(II) complex (TTP) was designed to inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and multiple metabolisms of cancer cells. TTP exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against cisplatin‐insensitive human ovarian cancer cells in a caspase‐3‐independent manner and showed preferential inhibition to mitochondrial TrxR. The morphology and function of mitochondria were severely damaged, and the levels of mitochondrial and cellular reactive oxygen species were decreased. As a result, TTP exerted strong inhibition to both mitochondrial and glycolytic bioenergetics, thus inducing cancer cells to enter a hypometabolic state.
Understanding and Optimizing Tourniquet Use During Extremity Surgery
Authors: Jensen Jacob , Hicks Rodney W. , Labovitz Jonathan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTourniquet use during extremity surgery is commonplace and a relatively safe practice. The surgical team's knowledge of the patient history, proper assessment, and indications and contraindications for and risks of tourniquet use can prevent unwanted outcomes. Exploration of these critical areas reinforces perioperative nurses’ awareness and understanding of safe tourniquet use. Additionally, a review of the physiological effect of tourniquets on the skin, the body's response to local compression, the risk of vascular compromise, and the effect of the tourniquet on postoperative pain and swelling provides insight into AORN recommended practice guidelines. This article summarizes the indications and assessments for and risks of tourniquet use for patients during extremity surgery. An understanding of these topics can improve surgical outcomes and promote safe perioperative care.
Bone Cement Implantation Syndrome: Key Concepts for Perioperative Nurses
Authors: Hines Cheryl B. , Collins‐Yoder Angela 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a potentially fatal complication of orthopedic surgeries that use cement. The symptoms of BCIS occur primarily during femoral fracture repairs, but this complication has been reported in a wide variety of cemented procedures. Clinical presentation of this syndrome begins as a cascade with hypoxia and hypotension; if it is not reversed, it ends with right‐sided heart failure and cardiac arrest. This syndrome usually occurs at cementation, prosthesis insertion, joint reduction, or tourniquet deflation, and should be treated with aggressive resuscitation and supportive care. This article provides a comprehensive explanation of bone cement, the identification and management of BCIS, and the roles of the perioperative team in the event of cardiopulmonary collapse. It includes a case study that can be used as an educational tool for simulation, mock drills, or staff meetings; it also may be used as a framework for creating policies.
Voice in Digital Education: The Impact of Instructor's Perceived Age and Gender on Student Learning and Evaluation
Authors: Weinkle Laura J. , Stratford Jennifer M. , Lee Lisa M. J. 
Published: January 2019

Instructor evaluations are influenced by implicit age and gender bias, with lower ratings and negative feedback given to instructors believed to stray from stereotypical age and gender norms. Female instructors exhibiting typically male‐associated qualities such as leadership and authority, are often negatively impacted. Implicit bias also influences evaluation of digital resources and instructors, regardless of students' positive learning outcomes. As digital learning resources become the norm in education, it is crucial to explore the impact of implicit bias at various educational levels. In this study, undergraduate and graduate students were randomly exposed to one of five digital tutorials; four experimental tutorials presenting identical anatomy content with narrators of different gender and age, and a control tutorial featuring origami (paper folding) instructions without audio. Learning outcomes were measured by pre‐quiz vs. post‐quiz comparisons using repeated measures MANOVA. Implicit bias was analyzed by evaluation response comparisons using repeated measures MANOVA and three‐way MANOVA. Post‐quiz scores increased significantly in the four experimental groups (P < 0.05) but not in the control (P = 0.99). The increased performance was not statistically different across the four experimental groups (P > 0.26), suggesting that learning occurred irrespective of the instructor gender and age. Students' evaluations were consistently higher for the experimental resources than the control. There was no significant difference in evaluations across the four experimental groups but compared to the control, younger male and younger female narrators received significantly higher ratings for approachability, acceptance, inclusivity, and care for student learning. The study highlights important considerations for digital resources development and interpretation of student evaluations.
Der BIM‐basierte materielle Gebäudepass als Optimierungswerkzeug
Authors: Honic Meliha , Kovacic Iva , Rechberger Helmut 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDie Bauindustrie zählt zu den größten Verbrauchern von Rohmaterialien und ist für 40 % des CO2‐Ausstoßes verantwortlich, was eine dringende Optimierung im Sinne der Nachhaltigkeit notwendig macht. Die Steigerung von Recyclingraten in der Baubranche ist daher eine der Hauptstrategien der EU, um den Ressourcenverbrauch sowie die ökologischen Einflüsse und Energieverbräuche zu minimieren. Um effizientes Recycling zu erreichen, ist detailliertes Wissen über die Baubestände und die eingebauten Materialien notwendig, welches meistens nicht vorhanden ist. In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept des materiellen Gebäudepasses (MGP) präsentiert, welcher für die Evaluierung des Recycling‐Potenzials sowie der ökologischen Einflüsse konzipiert ist. Zudem beinhaltet der MGP alle im Gebäude enthaltenen Materialien sowie ihre Eigenschaften und dient als Optimierungswerkzeug in frühen Planungsphasen. In ihrer Forschung haben die Verfasser einen BIM(Building Information Modeling)‐basierten MGP für die Optimierung der Planung bezüglich Ressourceneffizienz und ökologischem Fußabdruck erstellt. Dabei wurden die Struktur und die Methode für den MGP sowie der Workflow für die semiautomatisierte Generierung entwickelt und anhand eines Use Case verifiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die entwickelte Methode für die MGP‐Generierung sehr gut für die Evaluierung der in Gebäuden eingebauten Materialien eignet. Der MGP stellt zudem ein wichtiges Entscheidungswerkzeug in frühen Planungsphasen dar.
Prognostic and diagnostic significance of circRNAs expression in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Weiyue , Shao Zengwu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) as novel biomarkers are widely investigated in various cancers. The aim of our study was to reveal the clinicopathological, prognostic, and diagnostic features of circRNAs in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A systematical search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases. Eligible studies reporting on the association among circRNAs and clinicopathological, prognostic, diagnostic values of HCC patients were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to assess clinicopathological parameters, sensitivity, and specificity, and hazard ratios (HRs) were to evaluate overall survival (OS). 17 eligible studies which included 7 for clinicopathological features, 10 for prognosis, and 8 for diagnosis were in our study. As for clinicopathological parameters, high expression of oncogenic circRNAs had a significant association with poor clinicopathological features and tumor‐suppressor circRNAs proved the contrary. In terms of the prognostic values, oncogenic circRNAs had a negative influence on overall survival (OS: HR = 3.39, 95%Cl: 2.59‐4.19), and high expression of tumor‐suppressor circRNAs was relevant to improved survival outcomes (OS: HR = 0.46, 95%Cl: 0.37‐0.56). The pooled diagnostic outcomes indicated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84, with sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 72% in discriminating HCC from controls. Our study indicates that circRNAs may be important biomarkers for prognostic and diagnostic values of HCC.
Organic Semiconductors for Photothermal Therapy and Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Geng Zhongmin , Cong Hailin , Shen Youqing , Yu Bing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn recent years, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have been attracting considerable attention because of their outstanding characteristics such as higher light and thermal stability. They are widely used in fields of biomedicine such as photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT). PAI, a new imaging modality based on PA effects, shows great promise in biomedical applications. SPNs that display strong optical absorbance in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) regions can be promising candidates for in vivo PTT and PAI. Here we introduce the preparation of organic conjugated polymer fluorescent nanoparticles in the aqueous phase. We then discuss the application of water‐dispersible conjugated polymer nanoparticles in PA and PTT. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges for the development of organic conjugated polymer nanoparticles.
A Probabilistic‐Statistical Model of Change of Particle Size Distribution in Settlers and Tanks
Authors: Grechushkin Andrey N. , Lvov Vladimir A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA probabilistic and statistical model of changes in the particle size distribution of the dispersed phase of low‐concentrated suspensions has been developed. The applicability of the method is theoretically substantiated. It is demonstrated that changes in the particle size distribution, in particular in the field of gravity, can be described by the Fokker‐Planck‐Kolmogorov equation.
Oxygenated Nitrogen‐Doped Microporous Nanocarbon as a Permselective Interlayer for Ultrastable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Wanlong , Ye Yusheng , Qian Ji , Xing Yi , Qu Wei , Zhang Nanxiang , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe commercial success of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries is still impeded by the severe capacity decay caused by polysulfide shuttling between the cathode and anode. Herein, we present an oxygenated metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐derived nitrogen‐doped microporous carbon (OMNC) interlayer to mitigate the shuttling of polysulfides. The OMNC interlayer with abundant carboxyl and hydroxyl groups is highly permselective to Li+ ions but efficiently suppress the penetration of undesired Sn2− ions to the anode side owing to electrostatic interactions. The doped nitrogen in OMNC can enhance the binding with polysulfides, thus alleviating the shuttle effect. The strong affinity of oxygenated groups and doped nitrogen with polysulfides is demonstrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Furthermore, the highly conductive OMNC interlayer can also act as a second current collector to promote electron transportation, thus strengthening the utilization of the active material and improving the cycling performance of the cells. At a high sulfur loading up to 3 mg cm−2, the multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/sulfur (CNTs/S) cathode matched with the OMNC interlayer exhibits a reversible capacity of 580.5 mAh g−1 after 610 cycles at 1 C, corresponding to an average capacity loss per cycle of 0.038 %. These results suggest a new way to advanced Li−S batteries using a MOF‐derived multifunctional interlayer.
Gadolinium(III)‐Based Dual 1H/19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes
Authors: Pujales‐Paradela Rosa , Savić Tanja , Esteban‐Gómez David , Angelovski Goran , Carniato Fabio , Botta Mauro , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present two novel octadentate cyclen‐based ligands bearing one (L1) or two (L2) phenylacetamide pendants with two CF3 groups either at positions 3 and 5 (L1) or 4 (L2). The corresponding Gd3+ complexes possess one coordinated water molecule, as confirmed by luminescence lifetime measurements on the EuIII and TbIII analogues. A detailed 1H and 17O relaxometric characterization has revealed the parameters that govern the relaxivities of these complexes. The water‐exchange rate of the mono‐amide derivative GdL1 (kex298=1.52×106 s−1) is faster than that determined for the bis‐amide complex GdL2 (kex298=0.73×106 s−1). 1H and 19F NMR studies have indicated that the complexes are present in solution almost exclusively as the square‐antiprismatic (SAP) isomers. 19F NMR relaxation studies indicated Gd⋅⋅⋅F distances of 7.4±0.1 and 9.1±0.1 Å for GdL1 and GdL2, respectively. Phantom MRI studies revealed the favorable properties of GdL2 as a dual 1H/19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe, whereas the shorter Gd⋅⋅⋅F distance of GdL1 reduces the signal‐to‐noise ratio due to the very short transverse relaxation time of the 19F NMR signal.
On the Use of Online Reparametrization in Automated Platforms for Kinetic Model Identification
Authors: Quaglio Marco , Waldron Conor , Pankajakshan Arun , Cao Enhong , Gavriilidis Asterios , Fraga Eric S. , Galvanin Federico 
Published: January 2019

AbstractParameter estimation algorithms integrated in automated platforms for kinetic model identification are required to solve two optimization problems: i) a parameter estimation problem given the available samples; ii) a model‐based design of experiments problem to select the conditions for collecting future samples. These problems may be ill‐posed, leading to numerical failures when optimization routines are applied. In this work, an approach of online reparametrization is introduced to enhance the robustness of model identification algorithms towards ill‐posed parameter estimation problems.
Experimental Methods in Chemical Engineering: Mass Spectrometry—MS
Authors: Perreault Patrice , Robert Etienne , Patience Gregory S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMass spectrometry identifies the atomic mass of molecules and fragments in the gas phase. The spectrometer ionizes the molecules that then pass through an electric or magnetic field towards a detector. The field modifies the molecule's trajectory and we infer mass from its direction and velocity in a static field or from the stability of its path in a dynamic field. The electric current is amplified and a mass spectrum is generated from the location or timing of the signal from the detector, translated into a plot of the intensity as a function of the mass‐over‐charge ratio. It is field deployable, measures concentrations in real time with a temporal resolution better than 100 ms, and detection limits of fg. However, the signal drifts with time so we have to calibrate it as frequently as every hour. Calibrating requires multiple mixtures with varying concentrations to map the non‐linear response. The Web of Science Core Collection indexed over 60 000 articles that refer to MS (2016 and 2017) with applications ranging from permanent gas analysis, to identifying protein, forensic science, and natural products. The bibliometric software VOSViewer() identified four clusters of research related to MS: (1) proteomics, proteins, plasma, and metabolomics; (2) solid phase extraction together with gas chromatography; (3) tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography; and (4) waste water and toxicity. We expect that the technique will continue to evolve with increased sensitivity, lower drift, and greater specificity. Miniaturization efforts should also continue in order to develop faster field deployable instruments.
Growth hormone deficiency and neurocognitive function in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Krull Kevin R. , Li Chenghong , Phillips Nicholas S. , Cheung Yin Ting , Brinkman Tara M. , Wilson Carmen L. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Khan Raja B. , Merchant Thomas E. , Sabin Noah D. , Srivastava DeoKumar , Pui Ching‐Hon , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Sklar Charles A. , Chemaitilly Wassim 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe impact of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) on neurocognitive function is poorly understood in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study examined the contribution of GHD to functional outcomes while adjusting for cranial radiation therapy (CRT).MethodsAdult survivors of ALL (N = 571; 49% female; mean age, 37.4 years; age range, 19.4‐62.2 years) completed neurocognitive tests and self‐reported neurocognitive symptoms, emotional distress, and quality of life. GHD was defined as a previous diagnosis of GHD or a plasma insulin‐like growth factor1 level less than −2.0 standard deviations for sex and age at the time of neurocognitive testing. Hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, sex, age at diagnosis, CRT dose, and intrathecal and high‐dose intravenous methotrexate were included as covariates in multivariable linear regression models.ResultsOf the 571 survivors, 298 (52%) had GHD, and those with GHD received higher doses of CRT (P = .002). Survivors who had GHD, irrespective of prior growth hormone treatment, demonstrated poorer vocabulary (z‐score, −0.84 vs −0.61; P = .02), processing speed (z‐score, −0.49 vs −0.30; P = .04), cognitive flexibility (z‐score, −1.37 vs −0.94; P = .01), and verbal fluency (z‐score, −0.74 vs −0.44; P = .001), and they self‐reported more neurocognitive problems and poorer quality of life compared with survivors who did not have GHD. Multivariable and mediation models revealed that GHD was associated with small effects on quality of life (general health, P = .01; vitality, P = .01; mental health, P = .01); and CRT dose accounted for the lower neurocognitive outcomes.ConclusionsAdult survivors of childhood ALL who receive CRT are at risk for GHD, although poor neurocognitive outcomes are determined by CRT dose and not by the presence of GHD.
Information flow control in object‐based peer‐to‐peer publish/subscribe systems
Authors: Nakamura Shigenari , Enokido Tomoya , Takizawa Makoto 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a P2PPSO (P2P [peer‐to‐peer] type of topic‐based Publish/Subscribe with Object concept) model, where each peer process (peer) exchanges objects by publishing and receiving event messages with no centralized coordinator. In addition, objects are characterized by topics. Suppose an event message ej published by a peer pj carries an object on some topics into a target peer pi. Here, information in the peer pj illegally flows to the peer pi if the target peer pi is not allowed to subscribe the topics. An illegal object is an object whose topics a target peer is not allowed to subscribe. Even if an event message is received by a target peer by checking topics, objects carried by the event message may be illegal at the target peer. In this paper, we propose a TOBS (topics‐of‐objects–based synchronization) protocol to prevent target peers from receiving illegal objects in the P2PPSO model. Here, even if an event message is received by a target peer, illegal objects in the event message are not delivered to the target peer. In the evaluation, we show how many event messages carry illegal objects in the TOBS protocol.
Predator water balance alters intraguild predation in a streamside food web
Authors: Leinbach Israel L. , McCluney Kevin E. , Sabo John L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrevious work suggests that animal water balance can influence trophic interactions, with predators increasing their consumption of water‐laden prey to meet water demands. But it is unclear how the need for water interacts with the need for energy to drive trophic interactions under shifting conditions. Using manipulative field experiments, we show that water balance influences the effects of top predators on prey with contrasting ratios of water and energy, altering the frequency of intraguild predation. Water‐stressed top predators (large spiders) negatively affect water‐laden basal prey (crickets), especially male prey with higher water content, whereas alleviation of water limitation causes top predators to switch to negatively affecting energy‐rich midlevel predators (small spiders). Thus, the relative water and energy content of multiple prey, combined with the water demand of the top predator, influences trophic interactions in ways that can alter the strength of intraguild predation. These findings underscore the need for integration of multiresource approaches for understanding implications of global change for food webs.
Techno‐economic Analysis of a More Efficient Hydrogen Generation System Prototype: A Case Study of PEM Electrolyzer with Cr‐C Coated SS304 Bipolar Plates
Authors: Taner T. , Naqvi S. A. H. , Ozkaymak M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study presents a more efficient and innovative prototype of a hydrogen generation system using proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. The aim of this study is to generate hydrogen gas energy that conducts the chemical reaction by electrolytic movements as well as to design a system that generates energy with H2 through new technology. The Cr‐C coated SS304 bipolar plates were used in the electrolysis cells and the septic mixture (urea, ammonia, methyl alcohol) was used in the electrolyzer as a chemical solution to make the hydrogen production more efficient and cost effective. The super strong magnets were also mounted on the outer surface of the electrolysis cells to improve the performance and efficiency. The performance of the electrolyzer was determined by operating the current and voltage parameters. The results were collected through experiments and the optimization of the different parameters. In this prototype study, the production of hydrogen gas in the system (1 MW) through the presented system was found to be as 6 m3 h−1 and the simple payback period (SPP) was calculated as 2.32 y. These results indicate that this system can produce hydrogen more efficiently and economically.
Prospective evaluation of pretreatment and intratreatment FDG PET‐CT SUV stability in primary head and neck cancer
Authors: Mendez Lucas C. , Conrad Tatiana , Lee Justin , Smith Benjamin , Brotherston Drew , Le Tuyen , Kiss Alex , Caldwell Curtis B. , Karam Irene , Poon Ian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate standardized uptake value (SUV) stability on pretreatment and intratreatment 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) in patients undergoing definitive CRT for head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsPrimary tumor and nodal volumes of interest (VOIs) from HNC patients were contoured on the pretreatment and intratreatment PET‐CT by two independent observers. SUV stability was measured with intersection calculations (DICE, overlap fraction, center to center) between the VOIs at threshold levels of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% of the SUV maximum.ResultsThe mean calculated DICE of the 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% SUV threshold was 0.53, 0.48, 0.41, 0.28, and 0.12, respectively. The mean calculated overlap fraction was 0.71, 0.65, 0.58, 0.43, and 0.2, respectively. Center‐center difference demonstrates spatial variability of 7.8, 8.2, 8.6, 9.5, and 11.2 mm for these SUV subvolumes of interest.ConclusionsHNC subvolumes defined by SUV thresholding technique in FDG PET‐CT imaging do not remain physically stable during (chemo)RT.HighlightsAll pretreatment and intratreatment SUV thresholds (50%‐90%) overlap indexes are low during the course of (chemo)radiation.Pretreatment and intratreatment center to center variation further corroborates that all FDG threshold volumes do not remain stable during treatment.No difference in SUV threshold stability was seen between p16 positive and negative tumors.