bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between sun safety behaviours and modifiable lifestyle cancer risk factors and vitamin D levels
Authors: Kalia Sunil , Kwong Yue Kay Kali 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSun exposure is the most important environmental risk factor for causing skin cancer.PurposeThis study examines the relationship between sun protection behaviours and modifiable lifestyle risk factors for other cancers as well as vitamin D levels.MethodsCross‐sectional data were analysed from two large national health surveys (n = 31, 445 and n = 5604). Sun exposure and protection were characterized by the presence of sunburn, duration of sun exposure, frequency of seeking shade, frequency of wearing a hat and frequency of wearing sunscreen. Using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software 9.3.1, multivariate logistic regression models were compiled.ResultsUnhealthy behaviour practices were associated with sunburns or infrequent sun protection behaviour, such as cigarette consumption (either current or former smokers), second‐hand smoke exposure, not having a regular doctor, higher level of alcohol consumption, street drug usage and low levels of fruit/vegetable consumption. Approximately one‐quarter of individuals had less than the recommended value of serum vitamin D levels (<50 nmol/L), despite 39.2% of these individuals reporting ≥1 hour of sun exposure.ConclusionModifiable lifestyle risk factors for other cancers are correlated with infrequently practicing sun protection behaviours for skin cancer prevention. Therefore, cancer prevention campaigns can aim to target all these risk factors associated with different cancers. Sun exposure is not a reliable source to obtain recommended vitamin D levels and that other sources (eg. fish, egg yolk, fortified drinks and supplements) are a safer and more reliable option.
On certain two‐signal perspectives of lymphocyte activation and inactivation, thymic G‐quadruplexes, and the role of aggregation in self/not‐self discrimination
Authors: Forsdyke Donald R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDistinctive “two signal” paths in immunology, taken by researchers with different academic backgrounds, seem to have both contained facets of the truth. Having been influenced by education at a medical school where Almroth Wright’s early contributions were not forgotten, the author’s “path less followed” led to views that began to gain recognition late in the twentieth century when the intimate relationship between innate and acquired immunity became more apparent.
IL28B rs12979860 T allele protects against CMV disease in liver transplant recipients in the post‐prophylaxis and late period
Authors: Chmelova Klara , Frankova Sona , Jirsa Milan , Neroldova Magdalena , Sticova Eva , Merta Dusan , Senkerikova Renata , Trunecka Pavel , Spicak Julius , Sperl Jan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) disease represents a serious complication in liver transplant (OLT) recipients. CMV prophylaxis reduces incidence of CMV disease in the early post‐transplant period (on‐prophylaxis disease, OPD) but may postpone its manifestation after the completion of prophylaxis. Post‐prophylaxis disease (PPD) incidence after prophylaxis cessation may be modified by genetic factors.MethodsWe analyzed impact of IL28B rs1297986 variants on CMV disease incidence in 743 adult OLT recipients receiving universal prophylaxis.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐four (19.4%) patients had at least one CMV disease episode. One hundred and two of them (70.8%) had at least one OPD and 36 (25%) patients had PPD, six (4.2%) patients had both. The rate of IL28B T allele carriers was lower in PPD group (38.9%) in comparison with OPD group (66.7%, P = 0.005) and group without CMV disease (61.4%, P = 0.009). The impact of IL28B genotype on the risk of CMV OPD was significant neither in the allelic (TT + CT vs CC, P = 0.32) nor in the recessive model (TT vs CT + CC, P = 0.79). Contrarily, in the PPD group, T allele (TT + CT vs CC) had a protective effect, OR 0.4 (95% CI 0.2‐0.8, P = 0.008). Further risk factors of PPD were age <55 years and valganciclovir prophylaxis, whereas the risk factors of OPD were age <55 years, cyclosporine A therapy and pre‐transplant CMV serostatus (donor +/recipient −).ConclusionsIL28B rs12979860 T allele carriers had a lower risk of CMV PPD.
Moral Disengagement and Aggression in Fight Sport Athletes
Authors: Güvendi Burcu , Işım Ayşe Türksoy 
Published: June 2019

The goal of this study is to investigate the moral disengagement and aggression levels of fight sport athletes according to several independent variables and reveal the relationship among them. The study group consisted of totally 207 fight sport athletes, 88 females and 119 males with age = 21,99 ± 4,92 and year of sport = 6,14 ± 5,42. “The Scale of Moral Disengagement in Sport” and “The Questionnaire of Buss-Perry Aggression” were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics, t test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used in the analysis of data. While the mean of physical aggression of athletes was found as the highest, verbal aggression had the lowest mean value within the sub-dimensions of aggression, and they stated that they somewhat disagreed with the moral disengagement. It was found that there was a moderate positive significant correlation between moral disengagement and sub-dimensions of anger, hostility, physical and verbal aggressions of aggression scale. Significant difference was observed in the dimension of moral disengagement in accordance with age and year of sport. Physical and verbal aggression scores of males are significantly higher according to gender. The aggression and moral disengagement scores of kickboxers are significantly higher than those of taekwondo athletes in line with the branch. To conclude, it was determined that fight sport athletes did not approve moral disengagement in sport, however, the case of moral disengagement of athletes, who were younger and started the sport recently, was higher and they mostly showed the behaviour of aggression physically.
Plasma Printing of Micronozzles With Complex Shaped Outlets Into Stainless Steel Sheets
Authors: Aizawa Tatsuhiko , Wasa Kenji 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The plasma printing was developed as a means to fabricate the micronozzle chip with the inner diameter less than 50 μm. The initial two-dimensional micropattern was printed onto the stainless steel substrate surface by the maskless lithography. These printed micropatterns were utilized as a mask to make selective nitriding into the unprinted surface. After removal of printed pattern, the un-nitrided surfaces were chemically etched to leave the nitrided microtexture as a micronozzle chip. High nitrogen supersaturation as well as selective nitrogen diffusion had influence on the spatial resolution in this plasma printing in addition to the digitizing error in the maskless lithography.
Quaternary coral reef complexes as powerful markers of long-term subsidence related to deep processes at subduction zones: Insights from Les Saintes (Guadeloupe, French West Indies)
Authors: Leclerc Frédérique , Feuillet Nathalie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGeodetic measurements reveal modern rates of tectonic deformation along subduction zones, but the kinematics of long-term deformation are typically poorly constrained. We explore the use of submarine coral reefs as a record of long-term coastal vertical motion in order to determine deformation rate and discuss its origins. The Lesser Antilles arc results from the subduction of the American plates beneath the Caribbean plate and undergoes regional vertical deformation. Uplifted reefs along forearc islands are markers of the interplay between tectonics and sea-level variations since the late Pleistocene. We compared results from a numerical model of reef-island profile development to high-resolution marine geophysical measurements of Les Saintes reef plateau (Guadeloupe, French West Indies), a ∼20-km-wide, 250-m-thick submerged platform that lies at 45 m below sea level along the volcanic arc, to constrain its vertical deformation history. Models explore different scenarios over wide parameter domains including start time, basement morphology, sea level variations, reef growth rate, subaerial erosion rate, and vertical motion history. The major features of the plateau (its depth, internal structure, unusual double-barrier) is only reproduced in a context of subsidence, with a constant rate of −0.3 to −0.45 mm/yr since the late Pleistocene, or in a context of increasing subsidence, presently of ∼–0.2 mm/yr. Discussed in the framework of the forearc vertical deformation history, this result indicates subsidence is promoted by local faulting, volcanic, and deep subduction processes. Coseismic deformation accumulation could be a mechanism by which deformation builds up in the long-term. We show that subduction can drive long-term subsidence of a volcanic arc, and demonstrate that submarine reefs are powerful markers of long-term vertical motion.
Modulation of cytokine patterns and microbiome during pregnancy in IBD
Authors: van der Giessen Janine , Binyamin Dana , Belogolovski Anna , Frishman Sigal , Tenenbaum-Gavish Kinneret , Hadar Eran , Louzoun Yoram , Peppelenbosch Maikel Petrus , van der Woude Christien Janneke , Koren Omry , Fuhler Gwenny Manel 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivePregnancy may affect the disease course of IBD. Both pregnancy and IBD are associated with altered immunology and intestinal microbiology. However, to what extent immunological and microbial profiles are affected by pregnancy in patients with IBD remains unclear.DesignFaecal and serum samples were collected from 46 IBD patients (31 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 15 UC) and 179 healthy controls during first, second and third trimester of pregnancy, and prepregnancy and postpartum for patients with IBD. Peripheral blood cytokine profiles were determined by ELISA, and microbiome analysis was performed by sequencing the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene.ResultsProinflammatory serum cytokine levels in patients with IBD decrease significantly on conception. Reduced interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-5 levels but increased IL-8 and interferon (IFN)γ levels compared with healthy controls were seen throughout pregnancy, but cytokine patterns remained stable during gestation. Microbial diversity in pregnant patients with IBD was reduced compared with that in healthy women, and significant differences existed between patients with UC and CD in early pregnancy. However, these microbial differences were no longer present during middle and late pregnancy. Dynamic modelling showed considerable interaction between cytokine and microbial composition.ConclusionSerum proinflammatory cytokine levels markedly improve on conception in pregnant patients with IBD, and intestinal microbiome diversity of patients with IBD normalises during middle and late pregnancy. We thus conclude that pregnancy is safe and even potentially beneficial for patients with IBD.
Occupational and work-related respiratory disease attributed to cleaning products
Authors: Carder Melanie , Seed Martin J , Money Annemarie , Agius Raymond M , van Tongeren Martie 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesExposure to cleaning products has been associated with adverse respiratory outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the medically reported incidence, trends in incidence and occupational determinants of work-related respiratory disorders attributed to cleaning agents and to explore the role of ‘Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships’ (QSAR) in corroborating the identification of chemical respiratory sensitisers.MethodsRespiratory diagnoses attributed to cleaning agents were extracted from The Health and Occupation Research (THOR) surveillance network, 1989–2017. Incidence, trends in incidence and incidence rate ratios by occupation were investigated. Agents were classified by chemical type and QSAR hazard indices were determined for specific organic chemicals.ResultsApproximately 6% (779 cases) of the (non-asbestos) THOR respiratory cases were attributed to cleaning agents. Diagnoses were predominantly asthma (58%) and inhalation accidents (27%) with frequently reported chemical categories being aldehydes (30%) and chlorine/its releasers (26%). No significant trend in asthma incidence (1999–2017) was observed (annual average change of −1.1% (95% CI −4.4 to 2.4)). This contrasted with a statistically significant annual decline in asthma incidence (−6.8% (95% CI −8.0 to −5.6)) for non-cleaning agents. There was a large variation in risk between occupations. 7 of the 15 organic chemicals specifically identified had a QSAR generated hazard index consistent with being a respiratory sensitiser.ConclusionSpecific occupations appear to be at increased risk of adverse respiratory outcomes attributed to cleaning agents. While exposure to agents such as glutaraldehyde have been addressed, other exposures, such as to chlorine, remain important. Chemical features of the cleaning agents helped distinguish between sensitising and irritant agents.
Minettes do Stock Monzonítico Glória Norte: evidência de magmatismo ultrapotássico pós-orogênico, com assinatura de subducção, no Sistema Orogênico Sergipano
Authors: Fontes Milena Prado , Conceição Herbet , Rosa Maria de Lourdes Da Silva , Lisboa Vinicius Anselmo Carvalho 
Published: June 2019

Lamprófiros ocorrem como enclaves microgranulares no Stock Monzonítico Glória Norte (SGN) (588 ± 5 Ma), localizado na parte central do Domínio Macururé, do Sistema Orogênico Sergipano, no estado de Sergipe. Esses enclaves lamprofíricos foram classificados como minettes e ocorrem concentrados em uma área com aproximadamente 1 km de diâmetro na região sudeste do stock. Os minettes apresentam texturas porfirítica e panidiomórfica, com fenocristais de biotita e matriz com granulação fina. Os minerais máficos presentes, além da biotita, são: diopsídio, augita, hornblenda e titanita. Ortoclásio pertítico, andesina, biotita, carbonato, apatita e zircão também estão presentes na matriz. Os dados dos elementos maiores (K2O/Na2O > 3, 6 > %MgO > 8, K2O > 3%), menores e traços (baixos valores de Ti, Nb, Ta) indicam magmatismo ultrapotássico orogênico. As razões Th/Yb > 9,00 e 0,05 < Ta/Yb < 0,20 apontam para magma formado por fusão de um manto enriquecido. As informações obtidas neste estudo indicam que magmas básicos ultrapotássicos estiveram presentes durante o período pós-tectônico no Sistema Orogênico Sergipano (SOS).
Development and Initial Validation of the PROMIS®-Plus-HF Profile Measure
Authors: Ahmad Faraz S. , Kallen Michael A. , Schifferdecker Karen E. , Carluzzo Kathleen L. , Yount Susan E. , Gelow Jill M. , McCullough Peter A. , Kimmel Stephen E. , Fisher Elliot S. , Cella David 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Bringing together generic and heart failure (HF)–specific items in a publicly available, patient-reported outcome measure may facilitate routine health status assessment for improving clinical care and shared decision-making, assessing quality of care, evaluating new interventions, and comparing groups with different conditions.

Methods and Results:

We performed a mixed-methods study to develop and validate the PROMIS®-Plus-HF (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System®-Plus-Heart Failure) profile measure—a HF-specific instrument based on the generic PROMIS. We conducted 8 focus groups with 61 patients with HF and phone interviews with 10 HF clinicians. The measure was developed via an iterative process of reviewing existing PROMIS items and developing and testing new HF items. In a 600-patient sample, we estimated reliability (internal consistency; test-retest, with n=100 participants). We conducted validity analyses using Pearson
r
and Spearman ρ correlations with Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire subscores. In a longitudinal sample, we performed responsiveness testing (paired
t
tests) with 75 patients with HF receiving interventions with expected health status improvement. The PROMIS-Plus-HF measure comprises 86 items (64 existing; 22 new) across 18 domains. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach α) coefficients ranged from 0.52 to 0.96, with α≥0.70 in 12 of 17 domains. Test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients were ≥0.90. Correlations with Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire subscores supported expected convergent (
r
/ρ>0.60) and divergent validity (
r
/ρ<0.30). In the longitudinal sample, 10 of 18 domains had improved (
P
<0.05) scores from baseline to follow-up.

Conclusions:
The PROMIS-Plus-HF profile measure—a complete assessment of physical, mental, and social health—exhibited good psychometric characteristics and may facilitate patient-centered care and research. Subsets of domains and items can be used depending on the clinical or research purpose.
Clinic-Based Strategies to Reach United States Million Hearts 2022 Blood Pressure Control Goals
Authors: Bellows Brandon K. , Ruiz-Negrón Natalia , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , King Jordan B. , Pletcher Mark J. , Moran Andrew E. , Fontil Valy 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Million Hearts initiative includes an ambitious ≥80% blood pressure control goal in US adults with hypertension by 2022. We used the validated Blood Pressure Control Model to quantify changes in clinic-based hypertension management processes needed to attain ≥80% blood pressure control.

Methods and Results:
The Blood Pressure Control Model simulates patient blood pressures weekly using 3 key modifiable hypertension management processes: office visit frequency, clinician treatment intensification given uncontrolled blood pressure, and continued antihypertensive medication use (medication adherence rate). We compared blood pressure control rates (using the Seventh Joint National Committee on hypertension targets) achieved over 4 years between usual care and the best-observed values for management processes identified from the literature (1-week return visit interval, 20%–44% intensification rate, and 76% adherence rate). We determined the management process values needed to achieve ≥80% blood pressure control in US adults. In adults with uncontrolled blood pressure, usual care achieved 45.6% control (95% uncertainty interval, 39.6%–52.5%) and literature-based best-observed values achieved 79.7% control (95% uncertainty interval, 79.3%–80.1%) over 4 years. Increasing treatment intensification rates to 62% of office visits with an uncontrolled blood pressure resulted in ≥80% blood pressure control, even when the return visit interval and adherence remained at usual care values. Improving to best-observed values for all 3 management processes would achieve 78.1% blood pressure control in the overall US population with hypertension, approaching the ≥80% Million Hearts 2022 goal.

Conclusions:
Achieving the Million Hearts blood pressure control goal by 2022 will require simultaneously increasing visit frequency, overcoming therapeutic inertia, and improving patient medication adherence. As the relative importance of each of these 3 processes will depend on local characteristics, simulation models like the Blood Pressure Control Model can help local healthcare systems tailor strategies to reach local and national benchmarks.
HHIPL1
, a Gene at the 14q32 Coronary Artery Disease Locus, Positively Regulates Hedgehog Signaling and Promotes Atherosclerosis
Authors: Aravani Dimitra , Morris Gavin E. , Jones Peter D. , Tattersall Helena K. , Karamanavi Elisavet , Kaiser Michael A. , Kostogrys Renata B. , Ghaderi Najafabadi Maryam , Andrews Sarah L. , Nath Mintu , Ye Shu , Stringer Emma J. , Samani Nilesh J. , Webb Tom R. 
Published: June 2019

Background:

Genome-wide association studies have identified chromosome 14q32 as a locus for coronary artery disease. The disease-associated variants fall in a hitherto uncharacterized gene called
HHIPL1
(
hedgehog interacting protein
-
like 1
), which encodes a sequence homolog of an antagonist of hedgehog signaling. The function of HHIPL1 and its role in atherosclerosis are unknown.

Methods:

HHIPL1 cellular localization, interaction with sonic hedgehog (SHH), and influence on hedgehog signaling were tested.
HHIPL1
expression was measured in coronary artery disease–relevant human cells, and protein localization was assessed in wild-type and
Apoe
−/−
(apolipoprotein E deficient) mice. Human aortic smooth muscle cell phenotypes and hedgehog signaling were investigated after gene knockdown.
Hhipl1
−/−
mice were generated and aortic smooth muscle cells collected for phenotypic analysis and assessment of hedgehog signaling activity.
Hhipl1
−/−
mice were bred onto both the
Apoe
−/−
and
Ldlr
−/−
(low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient) knockout strains, and the extent of atherosclerosis was quantified after 12 weeks of high-fat diet. Cellular composition and collagen content of aortic plaques were assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results:

In vitro analyses revealed that HHIPL1 is a secreted protein that interacts with SHH and increases hedgehog signaling activity.
HHIPL1
expression was detected in human smooth muscle cells and in smooth muscle within atherosclerotic plaques of
Apoe
−/−
mice. The expression of
Hhipl1
increased with disease progression in aortic roots of
Apoe
−/−
mice. Proliferation and migration were reduced in
Hhipl1
knockout mouse and
HHIPL1
knockdown aortic smooth muscle cells, and hedgehog signaling was decreased in
HHIPL1
-deficient cells.
Hhipl1
knockout caused a reduction of >50% in atherosclerosis burden on both
Apoe
−/−
and
Ldlr
−/−
knockout backgrounds, and lesions were characterized by reduced smooth muscle cell content.

Conclusions:
HHIPL1 is a secreted proatherogenic protein that enhances hedgehog signaling and regulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Inhibition of HHIPL1 protein function might offer a novel therapeutic strategy for coronary artery disease.
Comparison of Cardiovascular Health Between US Army and Civilians
Authors: Shrestha Alice , Ho Tiffany E. , Vie Loryana L. , Labarthe Darwin R. , Scheier Lawrence M. , Lester Paul B. , Seligman Martin E. P. 
Published: June 2019

Background
Cardiovascular conditions are common in US Army and civilian populations. The recently developed concept of ideal cardiovascular health provides a new approach to evaluating population cardiovascular status.

Methods and Results

We defined a cohort of 263 430 active duty Army personnel, aged 17 to 64 years, who completed a 2012 physical examination and a corresponding subset of the noninstitutionalized, civilian US population, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (
NHANES
) 2011 to 2012 cycle. We compared 4 cardiovascular health metrics (current smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, and diabetic status) between Army and civilian groups overall, and separately by sex, race/ethnicity, and age. The Army population was younger, was less often women or Hispanic, and had less post–high school education than the
NHANES
population. Smoking rates were ≈20% in the Army and
NHANES
groups, but <15% among Army women and Hispanics. Overall, one third of the Army and
NHANES
groups and
NHANES
women, but nearly half of Army women, demonstrated ideal body mass index. Ideal blood pressure was strikingly less prevalent in the Army than
NHANES
participants (30% versus 55%). Diabetes mellitus was rare in both groups.

Conclusions
Ideal cardiovascular health was less prevalent in the Army than NHANES group, despite exclusion of the least healthy recruits. Prevalence of ideal body mass index and blood pressure was low in both the Army and NHANES groups, even at early adult ages. This finding reveals the need for policy changes to promote, preserve, and improve ideal cardiovascular health in both the Army and the US population as a whole.