bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sciatic Nerve Block in Single Nerve Block Technique for Unilateral Foot Surgery - an Alternative to Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Haque Mozibul , Hussain Muhammad Delwar , Faruquee Md Zulfiker Ali , Alam Md Rabiul , Islam Md Zahedul 
Published: October 2019

Background: In lower extremity surgeries, central neuraxial block or peripheral regional anesthesia technique can be used, mainly in elderly patients. This study investigates the efficiency of spinal anesthesia and sciatic nerve block techniques in lower extremity surgery. Spinal anesthesia may impair hemodynamic stability; peripheral nerve blocks targeting the sciatic nerve may be a useful alternative.
Objective: To compare Unilateral Spinal Anesthesia versus Popliteal Block in patients undergoing elective foot surgery to determine the method of better outcome.
Patients and Methods: This randomized comparative study was carried out on fifty co-operative patients of both sexes who were scheduled for elective foot surgeries. According to the used method of regional anesthesia, patients were divided into: (S) group unilateral intrathecal block with low-dose (7.5mg) of hyperbaric bupivacaine plus intrathecal fentanyl (25 mcg) and (P) group in which the sciatic nerve at the popliteal fossa was blocked via posterior approach by injecting 20ml 0.5% bupivacaine (100mg). The difficulty of the block performance, level of patient discomfort, block performance time, onset of sensory and motor blocks, time in hours to the first request for supplemental systemic analgesia postoperatively, its total consumption for 24 hours postoperatively and associated side effects were recorded in each group.
Results: Statistically, it was found no significant differences between the demographic characteristics as well as the duration of surgery between the groups. The groups did differ significantly in the difficulty of the block performance. However, a longer duration for performing the block was observed in the P group. The level of patient discomfort was significantly lesser in the P group. The onset of complete sensory block was significantly longer in the P group. Hemodynamic profiles of our patients were found to be remarkably stable throughout the intraoperative period. In the P group, the time to first pain medication was significant longer. Moreover, the total dosage of analgesics during the first 24 hours postoperatively in group P was highly significant lesser compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: Sciatic nerve block at the popliteal fossa is an ideal alternative where it is preferable to avoid spinal anesthesia for foot surgeries in haemodynamicaly unstable patients.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(4): 181-185
Role of Routine Histopathology of Gallbladder Specimen from Gallstone Disease to Detect Unsuspected Carcinoma
Authors: Islam Md Jahidul , Akter Shaheen , Talukder Abdur Rabban , Haque Md Shariful 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Carcinoma of the gallbladder is a malignancy with very high mortality rate. Unfortunately, our common practice to discard gallbladder specimens after cholecystectomy in unsuspected malignancy. This results in missing some premalignant conditions and early carcinomas. This study was conducted to find out the incidence of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma from cholecystectomy patients in routine histopathology of specimens and analyze their clinico-pathological features.
Methods: This was a two years cross sectional study included 542 patients with acute or chronic cholecystitis secondary to cholelithiasis operated by cholecystectomy. All cases of carcinoma gallbladder, on clinical grounds or confirmed by radiology were excluded. Gallbladders showing gross abnormalities suggestive of localized or infiltrative malignancy during surgery were also excluded. All gallbladder specimens were send for histopathology examination.
Results: Over a period of two years, five hundred and fortytwo patients with symptomatic gallstones were admitted for Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 37, No. 4, October 2019 cholecystectomy. The male to female ratio was 1:3. Most of the patients (26.49%) were found in fourth decade of life. Majority of patients (93.54%) presented with upper abdominal pain of varying duration. All the specimens were sent for histopathology. Four hundred sixty cases (84.87%) showed chronic cholecystitis (including intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia). Seventy of the cases (12.92%) showed evidence of acute cholecystitis (including empyema and mucocele). Twelve gallbladders (2.21%) showed evidence of adenocarcinoma of varying differentiation along with cholelithiasis.
Conclusion: Incidental diagnosis of carcinoma gallbladder is not rare. We strongly recommend to submit all cholecystectomy specimens routinely to histopathology laboratory, as this is the only means by which subclinical malignancies can be detected at an early stage.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(4): 186-190
Clinical Practice Guidance for Management of Anti HBc Positive Patients
Authors: Alam Shahinul , Islam Saiful , Khan Asma Helen , Alam Mahabubul , Azam Golam , Mustafa Golam , Hossain Motahar , Khan Mobin 
Published: October 2019

Hepatitis B core antibody (Anti HBc) is currently considered the most sensitive serological marker for a patient’s history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection given its long-term persistence in the bloodstream. The serological pattern of isolated Anti HBc (IAHBc) has been of clinical interest over the past several years.,Thegrowing data of IAHBcsuggestingit as a marker for occult HBV infection (OBI). Occult HBV infection defined as HBV DNA detection in serum or the liver by sensitive diagnostic tests in HBsAg negative individuals with or without serologic markers of previous viral exposure. OBI is especially concerned in blood transfusion (BT), organ donation and reactivation of HBV infection following immunosuppressive therapy. HBV reactivation depends on viral and host factors. The important clinical implications of IAHBcis in the setting of co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), reactivation risk of HBV during directly acting anti viral (DAA) therapy in HCV infection which may lead to progression of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Antiviral prophylaxis has been recommended in moderate to high risk of reactivation prior to immunosuppressive and biologics. The main goal of therapy is to improve survival and quality of life by preventing disease progression and to prevent consequent development of HCC. It is proposed to perform Anti-HBc test as a screening test prior to blood transfusion, HBVvaccination, DAA and immunosuppressive therapy in addition to HBsAg screening test.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(4): 196-201
A Case of Granulosa Cell Tumour with Atypical Presentation
Authors: Kabir Shanjida , Mojumder Afroza , Sharmin Shahanaj 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Granulosa cell tumour is one of the rare variations of ovarian tumour. As the Granulosa cells secrets Estradiol, the patient with granulosa cell tumour usually present with features of precautious puberty. But our patient present with androgenic features, which inspires us to report this atypical case. Materials and methods: This young patient admitted in BBMH, as a diagnosed case of ovarian tumour with features of virilisation. Evaluation of patient with history taking, clinical examination and investigations are done, and information is noted accordingly. Conclusion: Features of virilisation are a nightmare for a lady of 16 years old. So during management of this patient proper counselling is very crucial and during surgery ovarian reserve should be maintained as far as possible considering her future quality of life and obstetric outcome.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2019; 37(4): 202-204
PENGARUH KADAR AIR TERHADAP TEGANGAN TEMBUS MINYAK TRANSFORMATOR DISTRIBUSI
Authors: Widyastuti Christine , Darmana Tasdik , Handayani Oktaria 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Transformer oil is one of the liquid insulating materials that functions as insulation and cooling in the transformer. Some oil insulation materials must have the ability to withstand penetrating stresses, while as a transformer oil cooler must be able to reduce the heat generated, so that with these two capabilities transformer oil is expected to be able to protect the transformer from interference. Examination of breakdown stress using the IEC 60156-1995 method. For evaluation of oil on the power transformer determines the water content. The feasibility of transformer oil uses breakdown voltage and water content testing as a result of feasibility simulations based on international standards to improve reliability in the treatment of power transformers in the industrial world especially for community service. With greater breakdown voltage, it proves that the oil is still suitable for use. Whereas if the oil water content is higher, it proves that the oil is not suitable for use. Transformer oil, according to the PLN (SPLN) test standards 49-1 / 1992, must have a 30kV / 2.5mm breakdown voltage. In the study of sample A and sample B it has a breakdown voltage of 14kVA and 18kVA. With this, sample A and sample B are not suitable for use.

Keywords: moisture content, transformer oil, breakdown voltage, SPLN 49-1 / 1992

ABSTRAK
Minyak transformator merupakan salah satu bahan isolasi cair yang berfungsi sebagai isolasi dan pendingin pada transformator. Sebagian bahan isolasi minyak harus memiliki kemampuan untuk menahan tegangan tembus, sedangkan sebagai pendingin minyak transformator harus mampu meredam panas yang ditimbulkan, sehingga dengan kedua kemampuan ini maka minyak transformator diharapkan mampu melindungi transformator dari gangguan. Pengujian tegangan tembus menggunakan metode IEC 60156-1995. Untuk evaluasi minyak pada transformator daya menentukan kadar air. Kelayakan minyak transformator menggunakan pengujian tegangan tembus dan kadar air sebagai hasil simulasi kelayakan berdasarkan standar internasional untuk meningkatkan kehandalan dalam perawatan transformator daya dalam dunia industri khususnya terhadap pelayanan masyarakat. Dengan tegangan tembus yang semakin besar membuktikan minyak tersebut masih layak pakai. Sedangkan apabila kadar air minyak tersebut semakin tinggi membuktikan minyak tersebut sudah tidak layak pakai. Minyak transformator, sesuai standar uji PLN (SPLN) 49-1/1992 harus memiliki tegangan tembus 30kV/2,5mm. Dalam penelitian dari sampel A dan sampel B memiliki tegangan tembus sebesar 14kVA dan 18kVA. Dengan ini, sampel A dan sampel B tidak layak pakai.

Kata kunci: kadar air, minyak trafo, tegangan tembus, SPLN 49-1/1992
Analysis of syntactic errors made by intermediate English learners and the impact of their treatment on the learning progress
Authors: Ndeze Jean Claude 
Published: October 2019

This study is an extension of previous researches on fundamental syntactic errors which intermediate English learners make in their English writing. It aims at investigating sources of syntactic errors and how they affect the language learning progress. 82 secondary school students were subjected to two free written 350-word essay tests to back up possible sentence structure errors they make. The questionnaire was also administered to elicit opinions as to what are the error causes and reactions to error treatment strategy. 3647 syntactic errors were pinpointed and classified under four categories: selection, omission, addition and ordering errors. The findings reveals that selection errors outrank the forefront occurring frequently more than other errors (51.93%). Omission errors positionon on the second (26.92%). The next error category visible in learners’ English writing is addition errors cover 13.40% out of 3647 errors computed. The last category is misodrering errors (7.73%). The most predominant errors in all language areas are wrong verb form, wrong choice of verb tense, tense marker omission or unnecessary tense marker addition as well as subject-verb agreement errors. It appears that tenses and verbs are the major problematic areas. Yet not all syntactic errors are the same for all English learners. The major sources of the above errors include rules over-generalizations, language transfer, poor motivation and practices, inherent natural complexity of the language, problem of language input and most importantly error treatment among others. The implications for language teachers are obvious. There is need for a change, for instance, in the techniques with which learners should be exposed to language input, predictable order of materials in Language teaching and new approaches to error treatment
Rituals as War Propaganda in the Establishment of the Tibetan Ganden Phodrang State in the Mid-17th Century
Authors: FitzHerbert Solomon G. 
Published: October 2019

Cet article examine la politique de la « magie de guerre » – c’est-à-dire des rituels visant à repousser les armées (tib. dmag bzlog) – au moment de la création de l’État tibétain du Ganden Phodrang au XVIIe siècle. Utilisant des textes rituels en langue tibétaine comme sources historiques, l’article présente la « magie de guerre » comme une forme pré-moderne de propagande de guerre qui a joué un rôle crucial dans la formation de l’État tibétain. Au début du XVIIe siècle, la « magie de guerre » tibétaine, une tradition qui puisait ses racines en Inde, s’était développée pour devenir un domaine extrêmement compétitif, imprégné d’une rhétorique selon laquelle il fallait repousser les « armées démoniaques des régions frontalières » et en particulier les Mongols. Le fait que l’existence du gouvernement du Ganden Phodrang dépendait du soutien militaire des Mongols Qoshot représentait un important défi en terme de propagande. L’article examine les différentes stratégies que le Cinquième Dalaï-lama Ngawang Lozang Gyatso a personnellement mises en œuvre pour résoudre ce problème, ce qui lui a permis, avec son successeur le régent Sanggyé Gyatso, de déployer avec succès l’arsenal très impressionnant des «pouvoirs magiques » (tib. mthu) du Ganden Phodrang. Cela incluait notamment le patronage des traditions ésotériques de rituels violents des Trésors du Nord, la rédaction, par le Cinquième Dalaï-lama lui-même, de nombreux textes rituels sur des thèmes connexes et enfin l’institution de cérémonies d’État pour mettre en scène publiquement ces pratiques.
Educação Filosófica: Método e Recepção
Authors: Arias Valéria , Horn Geraldo Balduino 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo investiga e problematiza a categoria método filosófico. Procura entender a relação entre o modus operandi da filosofia e da educação filosófica a partir de uma perspectiva teórica marxista. Trata-se de uma interpretação ontológica dos sentidos gerais do método e da forma como se dá o entendimento acerca da produção e da reprodução do conhecimento filosófico. Duas questões são consideradas centrais na análise proposta: (a) qualquer recepção filosófica só é possível no horizonte da epistemologia própria da filosofia e, com isso, descartam-se, de antemão, o “empiricismo filosófico” e a redução procedimentalista da filosofia e, (b) toda filosofia tem um caráter intrinsecamente social e, com isso, descartam-se de antemão as filosofias subjetivistas e orgânicas a interesses privados e/ou estritamente pontuais. As interlocuções principalmente com Marx, Lukács, Gramsci e Heller permitem diagnosticar e aprofundar os principais elementos que diferenciam o método e a estrutura de produção de conhecimento da educação filosófica em comparação às metodologias “procedimentalistas” e “empiricistas”.
Estado e Neoliberalismo no Brasil (1995-2018)
Authors: Hermida Jorge Fernando , Lira Jailton de Souza 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma análise pormenorizada da influência da ideologia neoliberal no processo de reformulação do Estado brasileiro no período 1995-2018, com base em uma interpretação marxista da história e no materialismo histórico e dialético. Após analisar o objeto de estudo a partir de categorias advindas da tradição marxista (Estado, ideologia, conflitos de classe e classes sociais), o estudo conclui que independentemente dos momentos políticos e dos governos analisados, a presença da ideologia neoliberal orientando as reformas e a forma de fazer política foi expressiva e contundente. Excetuando os governos nos quais o lulismo esteve no poder, a política neoliberal foi avassaladora, produzindo consequências bastante negativas para o conjunto da classe trabalhadora.
PERBEDAAN KOMITMEN IBU DALAM PEMBERIAN IMUNISASI DPT 2 PADA BAYI USIA DIBAWAH 3 BULAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PEMBERIAN HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL NOLA J., PANDER
Authors: Priyanto Agus 
Published: October 2019

Parent's commitment to immunizing hertoddler is one of the obstacles to achieving thesuccess of the immunization coverage target.Immunization itself is very important as an effort toprevent disease in children and has beenrecommended to the community. Based onpreliminary study results, researchers conductedinterviews with local midwives obtained data thereare some children who have not immunized DPT 2 itis strengthened by interviews with 10 mothers whodo not immunize DPT 2 on the baby for fear of sideeffects. The aim of this research is to know thedifference of mother's commitment before and aftergiving Health Promotion Model Nola J.Pander.
This research used one group design pre post testdesign. With two variables, independent variablesare health education, dependent variable of mother'scommitment. The data collection used questionaire,data taken from respondent such as mother withpopulation of 44 responden with amount the sampelcounted 30 mother were taken with simple randomsampling technique, at Burneh community healthcenter. The results were analyzed descriptively andcorrelated using the Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test
The results were analyzed descriptively andcorrelated using the Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test test.Analysis of Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test with p value =0.000 so H1 accepted means there are differencesbefore and after health education with Nola J.Panderapproach.
There are still several other factors that influence thecommitment, among others, family and culturalfactors that are not examined in this study, so thatthe next researcher is expected to do research onthe influence of these factors on the mother'scommitment
Confiabilidad, validez de criterio y discriminante del Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, en un grupo de Adultos de Bogotá.
Authors: Pedraza Olga Lucia , Salazar Ana Maria , Sierra Fabio Alexander , Soler David , Castro July , Castillo Pablo Cesar , Hernandez Maria Angelica , Piñeros Cesar 
Published: October 2019

Introducción: El MoCA-Test, es un instrumento breve de tamizaje, utilizado para la detección de cambios cognoscitivos en adultos mayores. Diferentes validaciones han demostrado que es un instrumento sensible y específico, para detectar el deterioro cognoscitivo leve, con puntos de corte que varían según las diferentes poblaciones estudiadas.
Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad y validez discriminante del MoCA-test, en un grupo de adultos de Bogotá, con diferentes escolaridades.
Material y Métodos: Se evaluaron 1174 adultos mayores de 50 años, autónomos de las diferentes localidades de Bogotá, por medio de la aplicación del MoCA-Test y el MMSE. Los sujetos con puntajes
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS PACIENTES MAYORES DE 60 AÑOS INGRESADOS AL PROGRAMA DE HOSPITALIZACIÓN DOMICILIARIA DEL COMPLEJO ASISTENCIAL DR. SÓTERO DEL RÍO, SANTIAGO DE CHILE
Authors: Pavlovic jeldres Andres 
Published: October 2019

Introducción
Dado al incremento de población adulto mayor en Chile, han incrementado las tasas de hospitalizaciones. En la búsqueda por disminuir las complicaciones asociadas a esto, en el Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, se ha desarrollado la Unidad de Hospitalización Domiciliaria. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo describir las características de los pacientes mayores de 60 años ingresados en esta unidad durante el año 2014

Material y métodos
Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se recogieron , a partir de los informes estadísticos mensuales de la Unidad de Hospitalización domiciliaria, datos de filiación, motivos de ingreso y estadía hospitalaria. Se excluyeron ingresos obstétricas. Se clasificaron los ingresos según su clasificación CIE-10.

Resultados
Se ingresaron 2953 pacientes a la Unidad de Hospitalización domiciliaria durante el año 2014. 1617 pacientes corresponden a mayores de 60 años (52,8%) y de éstos, 571 eran pacientes de 80 años o más (35,3%). La mediana de edad fue de 63 años. Dentro de las causas más importantes se ubican: Enfermedades del Sistema Respiratorio n=680 (42%), Enfermedades del Sistema Circulatorio n=324 (20%), Enfermedades Genitourinarias n=313 (19,4%).

Discusión
La hospitalización domiciliaria podría ser un aporte al Sistema de Salud Público chileno, dado que presenta beneficios probados en la literatura internacional a nivel clínico, satisfacción usuaria, organizativo y a nivel de costo efectividad.
ATENDIMENTO PEDAGÓGICO-EDUCACIONAL NO SETOR DE HEMODIÁLISE INFANTIL: A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM SERVIÇO EDUCACIONAL HOSPITALAR
Authors: TINÓS Lúcia Maria Santos , MAZER-GONÇALVES Sheila Maria , SOUZA Rosangela Aparecida de , FRANCO Tais 
Published: October 2019

A criança com doença renal crônica possui necessidades específicas que limitam a sua participação aos espaços e atividades próprios da infância, principalmente a escola. A intervenção do pedagogo junto à esses pacientes durante as sessões de tratamento dialítico visam resgatar a possibilidade de continuidade de sua escolaridade. O objetivo da pesquisa foi oferecer o atendimento pedagógico-educacional às crianças com doença renal crônica em tratamento dialítico, no resgate do processo de escolarização e aprendizagem, buscando construir um espaço de atuação do pedagogo nesse novo contexto. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, de cunho fenomenológico. Foram realizados atendimentos pedagógicos às crianças com doença renal crônica em tratamento dialítico no Hospital das Clínicas (FMRP/ USP), bem como contato com pais/ responsáveis e com os professores da escola de origem. Ao longo dos dois anos de atuação neste projeto foi possível despertar confiança e cumplicidade junto ao aluno-paciente para motivá-lo ao atendimento pedagógico na situação de hemodiálise e fortalecer a compreensão da importância de sua escolarização. A partir da compreensão sobre a contribuição da educação no hospital, a pesquisa trouxe dados relevantes que forneceram subsídios para avaliar e construir conhecimento sobre o trabalho do pedagogo junto à criança com doença crônica renal no hospital.