bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmanned unexploded ordnance detection system based on magnetic method
Authors: Xu Y L , Zhou Y J , Ding K , Lv R Q , Wu M W , Wang Z 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Magnetic method is one of the main methods of UXO detection. This paper uses cesium optical pump magnetic detection module combined with UAV to build an unmanned UXO detection system, and introduces the detection principle and composition of the system. At the same time, the system is used to detect four kinds of UXO targets. The test results show that the system can detect ferromagnetic UXO targets, and can locate the position of UXO targets through magnetic anomaly images. Finally, the limit detection range of four kinds of targets is tested, and the limit detection range of 155 projectiles can reach 4.5m, which meets the actual detection requirements
Ground-penetrating radar dual-parameter full waveform inversion based on finite domain method
Authors: Li B , Fang Z , Feng D , Wang X 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a crucial method for shallow geophysical exploration method. GPR full waveform inversion (FWI) utilizes all available information including dynamics and kinematics, and theoretically achieving the highest imaging accuracy. However, a significant challenge for FWI is its low computational efficiency, which fails to meet the real-time requirements in actual exploration. To address this issue, we propose a finite domain method (FDM) based on the attenuation characteristic of high frequency GPR electromagnetic waves. This approach limits the calculation to a finite domain, thereby mitigating the excessive computational burden. We determine the size of the finite domain from absorption attenuation, wavefront diffusion, and scattering loss. Numerical experiments demonstrate that compared with traditional FWI, FWI based on FDM reduces the calculation time by more than 5 times.
A compact air-coupled SFCW ground penetrating radar and its application in the earthen sites
Authors: Ye Shengbo , Li Xu , Li Xinhui , Liu Xiaojun , Fang Guangyou , Jiang Hejun , Lyu Rongqi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As a non-destructive testing technology, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used in archaeological investigations of the earthen sites. Traditionally, a GPR antenna is ground-couple. It is attached to the measured object and thus may cause damage to the earthen sites. This paper develops a lightweight and compact air-coupled stepped frequency continuous waveform (SFCW) GPR system with frequency range from 1GHz up to 6GHz. We suppress the nonlinear variables of the radar system by calibration. And we perform tests on different weathering samples from the earthen sites. Our system is verified that can discriminate layered structures in samples and the results of tests are consistent with the simulations of the gprMax model. In general, this radar system can assess the weathering degree and provide technical support for the preservation of the earthen sites.
Characterization of GPR radiation pattern in the upper and lower hemisphere (theory and experiment)
Authors: Morozov P , Prokopovich I , Lazarev M , Popov A , Sakhterov V , Edemsky D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The directivity pattern of a powerful GPR has been studied in archeological works. The methods used: return pulse measurements by passing a compact underground object, multiple passages with changing antennas azimuth for estimating the horizontal directivity, use of a prolonged overhead object in order to estimate spurious radiation into the upper hemisphere.
An intelligent power management system design of ground penetrating radar
Authors: Geng Hongyan , Gengv Yijun , Che Huiying , Chen Qiuyuan , Huang Shanshan , Ding Minggang , Liu Yun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A method for the design of an intelligent power management system for Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is presented in this article. For the mobile devices which are dependent on their battery power supply, the power management system is vital. The circuit design adopts a voltage stabilizer chip with low-loss and high-efficiency, greatly improving the equipment’s continuous operating time. The power management system also provides the functions as follows: battery charging and discharging automatically switching; providing stable, intelligent and controllable power supply to subsequent circuits; the power differential mode, common mode filtering and π filtering significantly decrease the power noise and enhance the stability of the devices; the power supply circuit is designed with anti-reverse insertion and overheat protection functions, which can prevent the equipment from working within the fault and abnormal temperature range and reduce the risk of equipment failure.
Numerical simulation and dispersion inversion of ground penetrating radar waveguide
Authors: Zhang Kaiwen , Li Jing , Sun Ruizhe , Liu Tieyu , Bai Lige 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used in near-surface detection due to its non-destructive and high-efficiency advantages. Radar waves are continuously reflected in the waveguide structure, and dispersion will be formed. In order to find out the propagation regularity and characteristics of radar waves in waveguides, we use the simulation and field GPR waveguide data to test the radar wave dispersion characteristic. Then, the Dix-type inversion method is used to estimate the permittivity from the radar wave dispersion curve. The synthetic and field data tests show that the GPR waveguide dispersion inversion can accurately estimate the permittivity result.
Lunar surface permittivity distribution along route of Yutu-2 rover
Authors: Du W , Su Y , Dai S , Ding C Y 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
On January 3, 2019, Chang’E-4 (CE-4) landed in the Von Kármán crater within the South pole-Aitken Basin on the Moon’s farside. The lunar penetrating radar (LPR) onboard the Yutu-2 rover is the same as the Chang ‘E-3 mission, which can obtain information about the thickness and strutures of lunar regolith as well as upper crust along the excursion path. The permittivity of lunar material is one of the important parameters for interpreting radar data and can also be obtained by LPR. In this paper, we use the metal plate reflection method based on LPR data and panoramic camera (PC) data to estimate the relative permittivity distribution of 1373m route during the first 53 lunar days. We estimated an average relative permittivity of ~2.78, which is less than ~2.9 of Chang’E-3 (CE-3).
A quantitative method for hesitant linguistic terms based on the grey confidence degree
Authors: Zou Xin , Hao Jingjing , Liu Yuan , Yang Zhuozhuo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The study proposes a quantitative method that combines linguistic preferences and confidence levels from different experts by utilizing the concepts of grey information and hesitant fuzzy linguistic information. The developed model transforms hesitant fuzzy linguistic terms into crisp numerical values, enhancing the accuracy of evaluations.
Investigation of early warning of EMG on human G-LOC under centrifuge high G load
Authors: Li Yifeng , Yang Jinghui , Li Baohui , Jin Zhao , Zhang Lihui , Yang Minghao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper first briefly introduces the early warning indicators and techniques of G-induced human loss of consciousness that is G-LOC under G load action,and puts forward the necessity of exploring and studying EMG signal under G load. EMG signals of the human body are obtained from the human centrifuge, and EMG under G load is analyzed by using the two-condition analysis method in foreign literature. Different from the research in foreign literature, in addition to studying the EMG characteristics under centrifuge G load, the change characteristics of EMG at other muscles are also investigated. The effectiveness of EMG for early warning of G-LOC is explored. The result verifies the efficiency of the two-condition analysis method, suggesting that the specific parameters at the particular parts show characteristic change, which is valuable for early warning of G-LOC under high G load. At the same time, it further proves that the EMG change of gastrocnemius is more effective than that of tibialis anterior. The study lays a foundation for the follow-up research on monitoring and early warning technology of G-LOC by EMG and has important reference value.
Effect of the septal dissection on the distribution of the residual oil
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Tang Yong , Yang Yan , Yang Zhao , Qu Changyue 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In order to explore the influence of the interlayer on residual oil, the LZ block in Songliao Basin was selected as the target, and the influence of macroscopic and interlayer location on the distribution of residual oil was studied through a streamlined method and numerical simulation. Among them, the distribution models of 9 types were established according to the position of the interlayer. The study shows that the interlayer greatly influences the enrichment degree of residual oil. Large interlayer plays an obvious role in layered water injection in the medium and low water content stages. In the high water content stage, the higher the position is, the more obvious the effect is. At the same reservoir thickness, the larger the interlayer size is, the stronger the retention effect of the 2PV interlayer on the remaining oil is. At different reservoir thickness, the greater the reservoir thickness is, the lower the integrated water content of the interlayer under 2PV is, and the higher the degree of extraction is, the weaker the residual oil retention effect is.
The H1-error analysis of the reduced-order extrapolated method for parabolic equation
Authors: Liu Guoliang , Xu Wenwen , Li Xindong , Liu Jiacheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we focus on the proper orthogonal decomposition reduced-order extrapolated technique in the backward Euler finite element (BEFE) method applied to parabolic equation to improve the solving efficiency. We begin by presenting the BEFE method for our given problem, including the existential stability and the H
1-error estimates about the BEFE numerical approximation. Next, we construct the reduced-order extrapolated finite element (ROEFE) matrix model based on the proper orthogonal decomposition reduced-order extrapolated technique. We then prove the existential stability and H
1-norm error estimates for the ROEFE model solutions using norm theory. Our results demonstrate that the precision of the ROEFE model matches that of the BEFE method in the same order, while significantly reducing CPU time under the same time step. Lastly, the numerical case verifies the feasibility and superiority of the ROEFE matrix model over traditional methods.
Research on multi-submersible positioning prediction based on Kalman filter and LSTM neural network
Authors: Miao Yajie , Li Boyi , Guo Xinjing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Accurately predicting submarine positions is critical to ensure safe underwater navigation, especially in complex and dynamic marine environments. Traditional methods, such as the Kalman Filter, have been widely used in this area because of their ability to provide optimal state estimates by integrating dynamic models with sensor measurements. However, the Kalman Filter’s effectiveness diminishes in the face of the diverse and non-linear conditions present in underwater environments. This research proposes an enhanced prediction model that combines the Kalman Filter with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks to address these limitations. The proposed model leverages the strengths of both approaches: the recursive, real-time estimation capabilities of the Kalman Filter and the temporal dependency handling of LSTM networks. Through extensive simulations, the model performs better in predicting the three-dimensional trajectories of submersibles, accounting for uncertainties such as ocean currents and varying environmental conditions. The results indicate that this hybrid approach improves prediction accuracy and enhances adaptability and robustness in challenging marine scenarios. This study contributes to developing more reliable submersible positioning systems with potential applications in deep-sea exploration, underwater archaeology, and search and rescue operations.
Multi-agent cooperative encirclement based on improved MADDPG algorithm
Authors: Ai Ling , Tang Shaozhen , Yu Jie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an improved Multi-agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm with a Priority Experience Replay mechanism (PER-MADDPG) to address the baseline algorithm’s high-dimensional state space challenges in multi-agent encirclement scenarios. The PER mechanism effectively mitigates the issue of non-stationary experience data distribution. By incorporating the Apollonian circle theory, we design an effective encirclement reward function that enables the multi-agent system to complete encirclement tasks in environments with static obstacles. Comparative simulation results show that the improved algorithm achieves faster reward value growth and higher average rewards.
A network clustering algorithm based on the directionality characterization of network dissimilarity
Authors: Jiang Yuanxiang , Ding Nan , Shen Yanli , Zou Yanni , Li Meng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Each network or a class of networks often presents specific topological structures. These features describe the relationship between nodes or edges, which directly affects the functionality of the network. Network clustering, as one of the most classical analyses of networks, is highly dependent on the characterization of topological structures and the quantification of network dissimilarity. Given that the existing methods describing the network dissimilarities only consider the difference values but ignore the direction, this paper first proposes a network characterization method based on P-vector for revealing the directionality of network distance. Further, we propose a layout algorithm for multiple networks in a two-dimensional plane and put forward a new network clustering algorithm. The experiments and results indicate the availability and effectiveness of the new proposed methods.
ASO-S orbit evolution and its safety analyses
Authors: Jiang Hu , Zhu Cheng , Deng Lei , Cao Caixia , Bao Haichao , Chen Binglong , Zhang Ye , Li Xinyu , Yang Zhongguang , Yang Yong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Advanced space-based solar observatory (short for ASO-S) is one of the space projects sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences; its main scientific goals are to monitor the solar activities during the solar maximal years and to aim at some discoveries of such solar activities as coronal mass ejection, solar flares, and sun spots. The main orbit element variations were simulated based on the online available data set of orbit elements for the satellite ASO-S. Furthermore, based on SOCRATES Plus software, the close approaching objects in space were simulated for satellite ASO-S. These objects are the focused points that might threaten the integrity of satellite ASO-S.
Assessing fire danger classes and extreme thresholds of the Canadian Fire Weather Index across global environmental zones: a review
Authors: Kudláčková Lucie , Bartošová Lenka , Linda Rostislav , Bláhová Monika , Poděbradská Markéta , Fischer Milan , Balek Jan , Žalud Zdeněk , Trnka Miroslav 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fire weather indices are one of the basic components of any fire danger early warning system. The Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) was developed to indicate the danger due to wildfires in boreal and temperate forests in Canada in the second half of the 20th century. Over time, the FWI has been adapted all over the world and is considered the most widely used fire weather index. This study provides a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of 750 research papers, generalizing the adoption of the FWI across 18 global environmental zones. The objective was to determine FWI values for various fire danger classes worldwide, from very low to extreme. The values of FWI and hydrometeorological variables were compared with wildfire occurrence. Key findings indicate that in drier and warmer climates, higher FWI values (around 50) correspond to high fire danger, whereas in cooler and moister climates, lower FWI values (around 25) signify extreme danger. The analysis of hydrometeorological variables reveals that relative humidity, aridity index, and vapor pressure deficit are significant factors influencing extreme minimum FWI, while average solar radiation has minimal impact. These insights have critical implications for developing effective wildfire prevention and management strategies tailored to specific environmental conditions. By establishing new fire danger classes reflective of regional meteorological and hydroclimatic characteristics, this study enhances the global applicability of the FWI. The ability to quickly adapt the FWI for fire danger forecasting in new areas is particularly beneficial for regions with previously low study coverage. The results underscore the importance of integrating regional climate variables into fire danger assessment frameworks to improve early warning systems and mitigate wildfire risks. The conclusions highlights the effectiveness of the FWI in diverse geographic contexts and its potential to enhance fire danger forecasting globally, thereby aiding in the prevention and management of wildfires.
Warming of newly-subducted subtropical mode water in the North Pacific was suppressed from 1999 to 2017
Authors: Zhang Xueyang , Xu Fanghua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Subtropical mode waters are important water masses influencing the regional and global climate. By tracing water masses from the mixed layer into the deeper ocean in late winter, we identified the newly-subducted North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) and therefore investigated its temperature changes. The temperature of newly-subducted NPSTMW showed significant warming during 1981–1999, but the warming was suppressed during 1999–2017. The newly-subducted NPSTMW temperature generally agreed with the March–April mixed layer temperature in the subduction region, but was half a degree lower. A mixed layer heat budget analysis indicates that the suppressed warming was caused by the combination of reduced warming effects of shortwave radiation due to the deepened mixed layer, strengthening of sea surface latent heat loss due to the warmer sea surface and enhanced cooling effects of vertical entrainment due to the strengthened subsurface stratification in the subduction region. Our results imply that the oceanic response to global warming can exert a cooling effect on the newly-subducted NPSTMW through these three mechanisms. The shift in trends of the newly-subducted NPSTMW temperature has important implications for the climate variabilities and the marine ecosystem in the North Pacific.
Nonstationary linkage between summer warmth index and NDVI at high latitudes in Eurasia
Authors: Ji Liuqing , Fan Ke , Tian Yuqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The global increase in vegetation photosynthetic activity under the warming climate, commonly referred to as ‘greening’, has been a hot topic, especially in the high latitudes. However, in this study, it was found that, within the region of 60°–70°N and 110°–150° E, the interannual relationship between summer normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and summer warmth index (SWI) changes from being statistically positive in P1 (1982–2010) to statistically negative in P2 (2011–2021). Also, the interannual relationship between summer NDVI and summer soil moisture changes from being negative in P1 to positive in P2. The reason and possible mechanisms were investigated. On the one hand, the atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) has increased significantly in P2 corresponding to the increasing SWI, and the interannual relationship between the VPD and NDVI transforms into a significantly negative one. This is because, when the atmospheric VPD increases, leaf and canopy photosynthetic rates decline owing to stomatal closure, to protect vegetation from losing too much water. Therefore, the interannual relationship between the NDVI and VPD, and in turn the SWI, transforms into a significantly negative one in P2. On the other hand, it was found that the surface evapotranspiration is energy-limited in P1, but then with the decreasing soil moisture content it becomes soil-moisture-limited in P2. As one of the most important components of surface evapotranspiration, vegetation evapotranspiration is also limited by soil moisture. Therefore, the interannual relationship between soil moisture and NDVI becomes significantly positive in P2.
Nonlocality of the energy density of a spontaneously emitted single-photon from a Hydrogen atom
Authors: Federico M , Jauslin H R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We analyze through the expectation value of the energy density the spatial nonlocality of single photons emitted by the spontaneous decay of a Hydrogen atom. By using a minimal coupling between the quantized electromagnetic field and the atom, we compute the state of the photon under the assumption that only a single-photon is produced. The calculations are thus performed in the subspace of single-photon states which is essentially equivalent to the rotating wave approximation. We obtain a characterization of the spatial decay of the energy density. We compute the asymptotic limit of large distances from the atom at each given time, and find an algebraic behavior of

1

/

r
6

. This result confirms that the energy density of single-photon states is nonlocal and the algebraic decay is far from the maximal quasiexponential localization predicted by the theory.
Bifurcation analysis of figure-eight choreography in the three-body problem based on crystallographic point groups
Authors: Fukuda Hiroshi , Ozaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The bifurcation of figure-eight choreography is analyzed by its symmetry group based on the variational principle of the action. The irreducible representations determine the symmetry and the dimension of the Lyapunov–Schmidt reduced action, which yields four types of bifurcations in the sequence of the bifurcation cascade. Type 1 bifurcation, represented by trivial representation, bifurcates two solutions. Type 2, by non-trivial one-dimensional representation, bifurcates two congruent solutions. Type 3 and 4, by two-dimensional irreducible representations, bifurcate two sets of three and six congruent solutions, respectively. We analyze numerical bifurcation solutions previously published and four new ones: non-symmetric choreographic solution of type 2, non-planar solution of type 2, y-axis symmetric solution of type 3, and non-symmetric solution of type 4.
The rise of intelligent adaptive metasurfaces
Authors: Qian Chao , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Modern-day data science, together with physical science, is reshaping the landscape of artificial electromagnetic media—metasurfaces—on a scale not seen before. Such interaction excels in computationally intensive tasks and real-world applications, such as inverse design, spectral analysis, autonomous devices, and neuromorphic computing. Here, we foreground the rise of intelligent adaptive metasurfaces that are renovating our understanding and utilization of metasurfaces, moving away from human-based control toward automatic control for real-time updates of application requirements. To make the most of these emerging opportunities, we also comment on the perspectives of intelligent adaptive metasurfaces.