bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portuguese Defence Activities at Macau During the Boxer Uprising
Authors: Sim Teddy Y. H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article examines Portuguese colonial and military activities at Macau during the Boxer Uprising of 1900, connecting developments across the border in Guangdong with initiatives undertaken by the colonial authorities in Macau. The Portuguese perceived the situation to be serious enough that substantial reinforcements were eventually sent from the metropole, in addition to various other measures taken to strengthen the colony’s defenses. Portugal also used Macau as a base to coordinate the operations of its consulates in China, and exploited the Boxer debacle to press for new concessions and other advantages at China’s expense. At the end, it is hoped that the limited and relatively unknown role played by Portugal, in conjunction with the larger kaleidoscope of events around Macau, may be better illuminated.
Qing Dynasty Warfare and Military Authority: Discipline and the Ethnic Cleansing of 1860s Shaanxi
Authors: Setzekorn Eric 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
During the 1850s and 1860s, the Qing empire re-established political authority after a series of major rebellions that nearly toppled the dynasty. While the Taiping Rebellion was larger in scope, the campaign in Shaanxi is critical to understanding late Qing military history and the complex relationship between warfare, ethnicity, and demographic change in the late nineteenth century. The Qing reconquest of Shaanxi in 1863 resulted in the near elimination of the Muslim population in the province, which was not the intent of senior Imperial commanders, but a byproduct of Qing patterns of warfare and larger ethnic tensions in Shaanxi.
Translation of Poetry from Persian to Arabic: ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī and Others
Authors: Key Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī (d. 471/1078 or 474/1081) wrote in his Asrār al-balāgha that he had translated a line of Persian poetry, and he used that Arabic translation to illustrate the rhetorical figure of ḥusn al-taʿlīl. He did not provide the Persian original, but when the Asrār was integrated, via al-Sakkākī (d. 626/1229) and al-Qazwīnī (d. 739/1338), into al-Taftazānī’s (d. 793/1390) Muṭawwal, a number of Ottoman readers wrote a Persian verse in the margin. This paper investigates al-Jurjānī’s translation theory, other translations of Persian poetry, the marginalia, and Perseo-Arabic-Turkic multilingualism, while comparing al-Jurjānī’s attitude to language and translation with some European and Anglophone discussions.
Afterword: ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī and the Law
Authors: Lowry Joseph E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this theorization of Qurʾānic inimitability, ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī privileged maʿānī (ideas) over alfāẓ (wording), with the consequence that eloquence was not language specific and understanding was in principle always achievable. For some Muslim jurists, by contrast, Arabic was a qualitatively superior language, but one corollary of that view was the complexity of Arabic, a feature that could lead to misunderstandings of scripture.
Corporate Criminal Liability and Compliance Management Systems
Authors: Wortman Jofre Santiago 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present work analyses the case of Spain in relation to Compliance Management Systems and Corporate Criminal Liability. It studies the way criminal justice understands and uses Compliance Management Systems to target corporate criminality. Moreover, it aims to deconstruct the way Compliance Management Systems are implemented in different corporations. To that end, I conducted a series of semi-structured interviews with Compliance Officers and performed content analysis on judicial documents. While not being able to generalise or give definite conclusions, the results showed a misconnection between the aim of criminal law provisions and the profit-driven objectives of corporations. Furthermore, results unveiled the powerful motivation of requirements. Companies sought to implement Compliance Management Systems to access new markets, better supplies and insurance fee discounts. Rather than the threat of punishment the analysis indicated a stronger effect through the positive stimuli of requiring a Compliance Management System for a benefit. The study also showed a fear for the reputational consequences of being subjected to a criminal procedure, thus indicating a better predisposition to solve offences through alternative conflict resolution methods. The lack of a clear message from the criminal justice reduced the deterrent effect of punishment. This lack of clear standards may have fostered social disorganisation within the environment of corporations, thus constituting fertile ground for corporate crimes.
Traditional Leaders and Zimbabwe’s Liberation Struggle in Buhera District, 1976–1980
Authors: Ndawana Enock , Hove Mediel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article examines the role of traditional leaders during Zimbabwe’s war of liberation. Contrary to the generalisations that traditional leaders and their subordinates were either absolutely supportive of the liberation war or were against it supporting the Smith regime, this paper uses the case of Buhera District to demonstrate that traditional leaders and their subordinates contributed in various ways to Zimbabwe’s war of liberation. Guided by a combination of primary and secondary sources, the article argues that traditional leaders were in a dilemma because they were victims of the contending forces. However, they employed various survival tactics as they faced equally dangerous conflicting forces who put them in complex, ambiguous and contradictory relationships. The article concludes that the strategies and tactics employed by the Rhodesian Security Forces and the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army guerrillas had debilitating effects on traditional leaders and their subordinates during the liberation war.
دور العلماء والمؤرخين في نقل النظريات السياسية الساسانية إلى الهند في عصر سلطنةدهلي
Authors: الأعظمي الندوي صاحب عالم 
Published: June 2019

الخلاصة
إن الهدف الرئيس من هذا البحث هو دراسة القنوات التي أسهمت في نقل النظريات السياسية الساسانية إلى الدول الإسلامية ومنها سلطنة دهلي في الهند. ومن أجل تحقيق ذلك الهدف تم التعريف بالمصنفات السياسية مثل كتب النصائح والوصايا التي كان يتم إعدادها برعاية السلاطين في الدول الإسلامية الشرقية بهدف تعليم النظم السياسية والإدارية، والتي دونت بواسطة الكتب السياسية والإدارية التي في عهودهم. وعلى الرغم من أن بعض هذه الكتب تختلف اختلافًا يسيرًا في مضامينها وشكلها؛ إلا أن نصوص جميع تلك الكتب تعكس الأفكار السياسية المتنوعة المأخوذة من الأفكار السياسية الساسانية. وفيما يتعلق بترويج النظريات السياسية الساسانية في الهند بواسطة سلاطين دهلي، فقد تم التعريف ببعض العلماء والمؤرخين المعاصرين وكتاباتهم السياسية تعريفًا عامًا في حين اختير كتاب "فتاوى جهانداري" للعالم والمؤرخ الهندي ضياء الدين برني كنموذج، فهو يعد من أهم الكتب وأخطرها في الفقه السياسي لتلك الفترة، وتم تحليل مضامينه ومقارنتها ببعض كتب الوصايا الساسانية لمعرفة مدى تأثير النظريات السياسية الساسانية في نظريات سلاطين دهلي السياسية والإدارية‪.‬
Islamic Psychology: Towards a 21st Century Definition and Conceptual Framework
Authors: York Al-Karam Carrie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this article the author attempts to give a brief summary and critique of the various ways Islamic Psychology is conceptualized and defined. She then proposes and discusses a conceptual model, the Multilevel Interdisciplinary Paradigm (MIP), as a potential theoretical unifier for the emerging field, which also serves as a methodology for defining it. Recommendations for ways forward in the domain of Islamic Psychology are also provided.
Traveling with Helen: The Itineraries of Paris and Menelaus as Narrative Doublets
Authors: Solez Kevin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The journey of Paris from Sparta to Troy and the journey of Menelaus from Troy to Sparta are narrative doublets that feature in the Epic Cycle. Both men follow a typical and historical pattern of mobility between Greece and the Levant before reaching their destination. These similarities constitute a proleptic doublet, where Paris’s journey is a less elaborate iteration of a story pattern that appears again in the nostos of Menelaus. In our known epics, the doublets appear near the beginning of the Cypria and at the very end of the Nostoi.
Single-center experience with the new generation Derivo Embolization Device in ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms
Authors: Kaschner Marius Georg , Petridis Athanasios , Turowski Bernd 
Published: June 2019

Background Treatment of ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms is technically challenging with potentially high morbidity and mortality. The Derivo Embolisation Device (Derivo) is a flow diverter stent designed for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Purpose To assess the safety and feasibility of the Derivo in the treatment of ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms. Material and Methods We retrospectively analyzed all patients with ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms treated with the Derivo between February 2016 and July 2018. Procedural details, complications, morbidity within 30 days, and angiographic aneurysm occlusion rates, initially and after six months, were assessed. Results In 10 patients 11 ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms were treated with 12 Derivos as monotherapy. No aneurysm rebleeding was observed at follow-up. One treatment-related complication occurred including a coil perforation of an additionally treated aneurysm. One patient died due to brain edema. Initial digital subtraction angiography revealed complete (O’Kelly–Marotta [OKM] classification D) and favorable (OKM D+C) occlusion rate in three aneurysms. Six-month follow-up for digital subtraction angiography and clinical evaluation was available in 6/9 patients with complete (OKM D) occlusion in all aneurysms (6/6). Favorable (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] ≤ 2) and moderate (mRS 3) clinical outcome after a mean follow-up of 10 months was observed in six and two patients, respectively. Conclusion Endovascular treatment with the Derivo in ruptured dissecting and blister aneurysms revealed a sufficient initial division of aneurysms from the circulation without rebleeding. The Derivo is associated with high procedural and clinical short-term safety.
Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion impact on racial disparities in time to cancer treatment.
Authors: Adamson Blythe J.S. , Cohen Aaron B. , Estevez Melissa , Magee Kelly , Williams Erin , Gross Cary Philip , Meropol Neal J. , Davidoff Amy J. 
Published: June 2019

LBA1 Background: Racial disparities in cancer outcomes remain a societal challenge. The ACA sought to improve equity in healthcare access and outcomes by permitting states to expand Medicaid and providing subsidies for purchase of private insurance. We assessed the impact of Medicaid expansions on racial disparities in time to treatment among patients (pts) with advanced cancer. Methods: We selected pts ages 18-64 years with advanced or metastatic cancer (NSCLC, breast, urothelial, gastric, colorectal, renal cell, prostate, and melanoma), diagnosed between Jan 1, 2011 and Dec 31, 2018, from the nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health record-derived database. We assigned expansion status based on whether the pts’ state of residence had expanded Medicaid as of the diagnosis date. We estimated Medicaid expansion-related changes in the rate of “timely treatment,” an outcome defined as first-line treatment start within 30 days of advanced or metastatic diagnosis. Regression model covariates included race (White, African American, Asian, and Other race), age, sex, practice type, cancer type, stage, and unemployment rate, using time and state fixed-effects. Regression results present predictive margins. Results: The study included 34,067 pts (median age 57 years; 12% African American). Racial disparities were observed pre-expansion: African American pts were 4.9 percentage points (%pt) less likely to receive timely treatment (Table). Regardless of race, Medicaid expansion trended toward an increase in timely treatment overall (p = 0.05). Expansion was associated with a differential benefit for African American vs white pts (6.9 %pt and 1.8 %pt). Prior racial disparities were no longer observed after Medicaid expansion. Conclusions: Implementation of Medicaid expansions as part of the ACA differentially improved African American cancer pts’ receipt of timely treatment, reducing racial disparities in access to care.[Table: see text]
Insurance status and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients.
Authors: Chamoun Kamal , De Lima Marcos J.G. , Caimi Paolo Fabrizio , Fu Pingfu , Cao Shufen , Otegbeye Folashade , Patel Seema , Ali Naveed , Gerson Stanton L. , Boughan Kirsten M , Kyasaram Ravi Kumar , Malek Ehsan 
Published: June 2019

LBA107 Background: MM is often treated with oral antineoplastic medications (OAM). OAM prices have been rapidly escalating and there are well-described issues with affordability (Shih et al. JCO 2017). We therefore hypothesized that insurance status influences MM patients (pts) survival and interrogated the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to test this hypothesis. Methods: NCDB houses data on 70% of cancer pts in the USA. Data from 117,926 MM pts diagnosed between year 2005 and 2014 was analyzed. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS) which was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox model. Results: Median age at diagnosis was 67 years (19-90); 55% were males. 57% of pts lived in areas where the median income was < $46k/year (individual income data was not available); Primary insurance was Medicare (52%), private insurance (35%) or Medicaid (5%), and 3% were uninsured. 40% were treated in academic institutions. Median follow up was 30 months (0-145). By univariate analysis, better OS was observed in pts with primary MM, lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), treatment in academic institutions, higher median regional income, or private insurance ( p<0.0001 for all). Median age of pts on Medicare, private insurance, Medicaid, or those without insurance was 74, 57, 58, and 57 years, respectively. When restricting the analysis to pts ≥ 65 years old, pts with private insurance had longer OS compared to Medicare pts (p<0.0001). The table shows the results of MV analysis. Conclusions: Insurance type and regional income are associated with MM survival. This may be related to affordability of OAM and merits further investigation. [Table: see text]
Overall survival (OS) results of a phase III randomized trial of standard-of-care therapy with or without enzalutamide for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC): ENZAMET (ANZUP 1304), an ANZUP-led international cooperative group trial.
Authors: Sweeney Christopher , Martin Andrew James , Zielinski Robert Richard , Thomson Alastair , Tan Thean Hsiang , Sandhu Shahneen Kaur , Reaume M. Neil , Pook David William , Parnis Francis , North Scott A. , McDermott Ray , McCaffrey John , Marx Gavin M. , Lawrence Nicola Jane , Horvath Lisa , Frydenberg Mark , Chowdhury Simon , Chi Kim N. , Stockler Martin R. , Davis Ian D. 
Published: June 2019

LBA2 Background: Testosterone suppression (TS) is the backbone of treatment for mHSPC. OS is improved by the addition of early docetaxel (DOC) or abiraterone to TS. ENZAMET assessed the effects of enzalutamide (ENZA), a potent androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, versus a nonsteroidal anti-androgen (NSAA: bicalutamide, nilutamide, or flutamide) in addition to SOC (TS with or without DOC) in mHSPC. Methods: Men with mHSPC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive TS plus either ENZA or NSAA. Randomization was stratified by: volume of disease (high vs low, according to CHAARTED); planned early DOC; planned anti-resorptive therapy, comorbidity score (ACE-27), and study site. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Accrual of 1100 men provided 80% power to detect a 25% reduction in the hazard of death (HR 0.75) with up to 4 interim analyses (IA), the first planned to occur after 235 deaths (50% of total information with a critical p-value threshold <0.0031 by the Lan-DeMets alpha-spending approach with O’Brien-Fleming type shape). Subgroup analyses to assess possible modulation of the treatment effect were specified a priori and included planned early docetaxel (yes vs no) and volume of disease (high vs low). Results: We randomly assigned 1125 patients from 31MAR14 to 24MAR17. The treatment groups were well balanced for all important baseline factors. Criteria for early reporting were met at the first IA (28FEB2019) after a median follow-up of 33 months. Overall survival was prolonged by ENZA (see below). At 3 years, 36% NSAA vs 64% ENZA were still on their assigned study treatment. Serious adverse events (regardless of attribution) within 30 days of study treatment occurred in 42% ENZA vs 34% NSAA, commensurate with the different durations of study treatment. Conclusions: ENZA significantly improved OS when added to SOC in mHSPC. The benefits appeared lower in those planned to receive early DOC. Results of analyses with updated follow-up triggered by this IA will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT02446405. [Table: see text]
Long-term survival after laparoscopic versus open resection for colorectal liver metastases.
Authors: Fretland Åsmund Avdem , Aghayan Davit , Edwin Bjørn ,   OSLO-COMET Trial Group
Published: June 2019

LBA3516 Background: Despite the recent worldwide dissemination of laparoscopic liver surgery, the long-term oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic and open liver surgery have never been compared in a randomized controlled trial. Methods: OSLO-COMET was a randomized controlled trial recruiting patients from Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. The primary outcome of the trial was postoperative morbidity within 30 days. Patients with radically resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to undergo laparoscopic or open parenchyma-sparing liver resection. Overall survival was a predefined secondary endpoint for the trial. Survival data for the treatment arms will be compared using a log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier plots. Results: From February 2012 to January 2016 a total of 294 patients were screened and 280 (95%) patients were randomized to laparoscopic (n = 133) or open (n = 147) surgery. The primary endpoint demonstrated a significant reduction in morbidity from 31% in the open group to 19% in the laparoscopic group. Other secondary outcomes demonstrated no difference between the groups, including the rate of R0 resection and the width of resection margins, while laparoscopic surgery was found to be cost-effective. Patients received perioperative chemotherapy following Norwegian guidelines. The final patient was operated on Feb 28, 2016, and a survival analysis was performed on March 14, 2019, with a minimum of 36 months follow-up. By ITT analysis (n = 280), median overall survival (OS) was 80 months (95% CI 52-108) in the laparoscopic surgery group and 81 months (95% CI 42-120) in the open surgery group, p=0.91. By modified ITT, (only patients that had R0/R1 resection), median recurrence free survival (RFS) was 19 months (10-27) in the laparoscopic group and 16 months (11-21) in the open group, p = 0.96. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery in patients with colorectal liver metastases was associated with rates of OS and RFS similar to open surgery. Clinical trial information: NCT01516710.
Pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma: The phase III KEYNOTE-062 study.
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Van Cutsem Eric , Bang Yung-Jue , Fuchs Charles S. , Wyrwicz Lucjan , Lee Keun Wook , Kudaba Iveta , Garrido Marcelo , Chung Hyun Cheol , Castro Salguero Hugo Raul , Mansoor Wasat , Braghiroli Maria Ignez Freitas Melro , Goekkurt Eray , Chao Joseph , Wainberg Zev A. , Kher Uma , Shah Sukrut , Kang SoonMo Peter , Shitara Kohei 
Published: June 2019

LBA4007 Background: KEYNOTE062 (NCT02494583) was a randomized, active controlled study of 1L P or P+C vs C in pts with PD-L1 combined positive score ≥1 (CPS ≥1), HER2-negative, advanced GC. Methods: Eligible pts were randomized 1:1:1 to P 200 mg Q3W for up to 2 y, P+C (cisplatin 80 mg/m2 + 5-FU 800 mg/m2/d on d1-d5 Q3W [or capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 BID on d1-d14 Q3W per local guideline]) or placebo Q3W + C. Randomization was stratified by region, disease status, and fluoropyrimidine treatment. Primary endpoints were OS in CPS ≥1 and CPS ≥10 for P+C vs C and P vs C and PFS (RECIST v1.1; central review) in CPS ≥1 for P+C vs C. ORR (RECIST v1.1; central review) in CPS ≥1 for P+C vs C was the secondary endpoint. Final analysis cutoff date was 26 Mar 2019. Results: 763 pts (281 with CPS ≥10) were randomized to P+C (257), P (256), or C (250) (Table). Median follow-up was 11.3 mo. P was noninferior to C for OS in CPS ≥1 per prespecified margins. P vs C prolonged OS in CPS ≥10 (median 17.4 vs 10.8 mo; HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.49-0.97) but wasn’t tested per analysis plan. P+C vs C was not superior for OS in CPS ≥1 or CPS ≥10, with a favorable trend for P+C. P+C did not significantly prolong PFS in CPS ≥1. ORR was higher for P+C vs C. Grade 3-5 drug-related AE rates were 17% (P), 73% (P+C), and 69% (C). Conclusions: As 1L therapy for advanced GC, P was noninferior to C for OS in CPS ≥1 with clinically meaningful improvement for OS in CPS ≥10. P+C did not show superior OS and PFS in CPS ≥1 and OS in CPS ≥10. The safety profile was more favorable for P vs C. Clinical trial information: NCT02494583. [Table: see text]
Association of Intraoperative Tidal Volumes and Acute Kidney Injury After Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Argalious Maged Y. , Mao Guangmei , Davison Rajeev Krishnaney , Chow Courtney , Bhavani Sekar 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND:
Patients with acute lung injury who received lower tidal volume (VT) ventilation had significantly fewer days with acute kidney injury (AKI) when compared to those receiving higher VTs. There is a paucity of studies on the relationship between intraoperative VTs and postoperative AKI in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. We therefore sought to assess the association of mean delivered intraoperative VT per kilogram based on predicted body weight (PBW) and postoperative AKI.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a large tertiary multispecialty academic medical center. Adult patients who underwent noncardiac surgery between January 2005 and July 2016 under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were included. A total of 41,224 patients were included in the study.
The relationship between mean intraoperative VT per PBW and AKI was assessed using logistic regression, adjusting for prespecified potential confounding variables. The secondary outcomes were postoperative major pulmonary complications, myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS), and in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS:
The incidence of AKI was 10.9% in the study population. Postoperative renal replacement therapy was required in 0.1% of patients. Higher delivered mean intraoperative VT per PBW was significantly associated with increased odds of AKI. The estimated odds ratio for each 1 mL increase in VT per kilogram of PBW (1 unit) was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.08; P = .001), after adjusting for potential confounding variables. A higher delivered mean intraoperative VT per PBW was significantly associated with increased odds of postoperative myocardial injury and was not significantly associated with major postoperative pulmonary complications or in-hospital mortality after noncardiac surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
In adult patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, higher delivered mean intraoperative VTs per PBW are associated with an increased odds of developing AKI.