bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined use of eDNA metabarcoding and video surveillance for the assessment of fish biodiversity
Authors: Stat Michael , John Jeffrey , DiBattista Joseph D. , Newman Stephen J. , Bunce Michael , Harvey Euan S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMonitoring communities of fish is important for the management and sustainability of fisheries and marine ecosystems. Baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVs) are among the most effective nondestructive techniques for sampling bony fishes and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates). However, BRUVs sample visually conspicuous biota; hence, some taxa are undersampled or not recorded at all. We compared the diversity of fishes characterized using BRUVs with diversity detected via environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. We sampled seawater and captured BRUVs imagery at 48 locales that included reef and seagrass beds inside and outside a marine reserve (Jurien Bay in Western Australia). Eighty‐two fish genera from 13 orders were detected, and the community of fishes described using eDNA and BRUVs combined yielded >30% more generic richness than when either method was used alone. Rather than detecting a homogenous genetic signature, the eDNA assemblages mirrored the BRUVs’ spatial explicitness; differentiation of taxa between seagrass and reef was clear despite the relatively small geographical scale of the study site (∼35 km2). Taxa that were not sampled by one approach, due to limitations and biases intrinsic to the method, were often detected with the other. Therefore, using BRUVs and eDNA in concert provides a more holistic view of vertebrate marine communities across habitats. Both methods are noninvasive, which enhances their potential for widespread implementation in the surveillance of marine ecosystems.
Meta‐analysis of the effects of upstream land cover on stream recovery
Authors: Stanford Bronwen , Jones Holly , Zavaleta Erika 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnpredictable or variable ecosystem recovery from disturbance presents a challenge to conservation, particularly as the scale of human disturbance continues to increase. Theory suggests land‐cover and disturbance characteristics affect recovery, but individual studies of disturbance and recovery frequently struggle to uncover generalizable patterns because of high levels of site‐specific variation. To understand how land‐cover, disturbance type, and disturbance duration influence ecosystem recovery, we used studies documenting recovery of 50 streams to perform a global meta‐analysis of stream recovery from disturbances that affect water quality (e.g., oil spill, fire, wastewater). We extracted upstream natural and urban land‐cover percentages for each site and performed model selection and averaging to identify influences on recovery completeness. Most streams improved following the end of a disturbance (median 240% of disturbed condition) but did not recover fully to baseline predisturbance condition within the studied period (median study period 2 years; median recovery 60% of baseline). Scale of disturbance in time and space did not predict recovery, but sites with higher percentages of upstream natural land cover had less complete recovery relative to sites with more urban or agricultural cover, possibly due to higher baseline conditions in these streams. Our findings suggest impacts to systems with low anthropogenic stress may be more irreversible than impacts to already modified systems. We call for more long‐term evaluations of ecosystem response to disturbance and the inclusion of regional references and predisturbance reference conditions for comparison. A more thorough understanding of the role of the surrounding landscape in shaping stream response to disturbance can help managers calibrate expectations for recovery and prioritize protection.
Surgical management of haemorrhoids: an Italian survey of over 32 000 patients over 17 years
Authors: Altomare D. F. , Picciariello A. , Pecorella G. , Milito G. , Naldini G. , Amato A. , Ratto C. , Perinotti R. ,   The Italian Haemorrhoid Survey Group
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThe management of haemorrhoids has changed significantly in the last two decades as a result of new insights into their pathophysiology and the availability of new surgical devices. The aim of this survey was to evaluate changes in the management of haemorrhoids in Italy over the last 17 years.MethodAn electronic database which recorded details of management relating to the severity of haemorrhoids between 2000 and 2016 was obtained from 18 of 34 colorectal surgeons who were invited to participate.ResultsA total of 32 458 patients were treated for haemorrhoids by 18 expert coloproctologists during a 17‐year period. Patients were classified as Grade II (7542, 23.2%), Grade III(15 360, 47.3%) and Grade IV (9556, 29.4%). Grade II haemorrhoids were treated with rubber band ligation in over 90% of the cases, and patients with Grade IV had a Milligan–Morgan (MM) haemorrhoidectomy in over 90% of the cases. In Grade III, the use of stapled haemorrhoidopexy progressively decreased from 30% to 35% (between 2000 and 2007) to 5% of the cases. Meanwhile, commencing from 2006 the use of Doppler‐guided haemorrhoid artery ligation (DGHAL) with mucopexy increased progressively from 6% to 24%. Over the years, the percentage of MM haemorrhoidectomy remained consistent at between 65% and 70% of the cases.ConclusionRelevant changes in the surgical choice of haemorrhoid treatment have occurred in Italy over the last 17 years. MM haemorrhoidectomy remains the most frequently performed procedure for Grade III haemorrhoids. Stapled haemorrhoidopexy has become much less popular in contrast to DGHAL with mucopexy which is being performed much more frequently.
Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia benefits with insulin glargine 300 U/mL extend to people with type 2 diabetes and mild‐to‐moderate renal impairment
Authors: Javier Escalada F. , Halimi Serge , Senior Peter A. , Bonnemaire Mireille , Cali Anna M. G. , Melas‐Melt Lydie , Karalliedde Janaka , Ritzel Robert A. 
Published: July 2018

AimTo investigate the impact of renal function on the safety and efficacy of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla‐300) and insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla‐100).Materials and MethodsA meta‐analysis was performed using pooled 6‐month data from the EDITION 1, 2 and 3 trials (N = 2496). Eligible participants, aged ≥18 years with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), were randomized to receive once‐daily evening injections of Gla‐300 or Gla‐100. Pooled results were assessed by two renal function subgroups: estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 and ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2.ResultsThe decrease in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) after 6 months and the proportion of individuals with T2DM achieving HbA1c targets were similar in the Gla‐300 and Gla‐100 groups, for both renal function subgroups. There was a reduced risk of nocturnal (12:00‐5:59 am) confirmed (≤3.9 mmol/L [≤70 mg/dL]) or severe hypoglycaemia with Gla‐300 in both renal function subgroups (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2: relative risk [RR] 0.76 [95% confidence interval {CI} 0.62‐0.94] and eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2: RR 0.75 [95% CI 0.67‐0.85]). For confirmed (≤70 mg/dL [≤3.9 mmol/L]) or severe hypoglycaemia at any time of day (24 hours) the hypoglycaemia risk was lower with Gla‐300 vs Gla‐100 in both the lower (RR 0.94 [95% CI 0.86‐1.03]) and higher (RR 0.90 [95% CI 0.85‐0.95]) eGFR subgroups.ConclusionsGla‐300 provided similar glycaemic control to Gla‐100, while indicating a reduced overall risk of confirmed (≤3.9 and <3.0 mmol/L [≤70 and <54 mg/dL]) or severe hypoglycaemia, with no significant difference between renal function subgroups.
Echocardiographic measures associated with the presence of left ventricular thrombus in patients with chemotherapy‐related cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Kitkungvan Danai , Yusuf Syed W. , Moudgil Rohit , Palaskas Nicolas , Guindani Michele , Juhee Song , Hassan Saamir , Sanchez Liza , Banchs Jose 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundPrevious studies have not evaluated the prevalence and specific risk factors for the development of left ventricular (LV) thrombus in patients with severely reduced left ventricular dysfunction due to chemotherapy‐related cardiomyopathy. We sought to evaluate the prevalence and potential markers of LV thrombus in this patient population.MethodsFrom January 2009 to December 2013, patients with chemotherapy‐related severe LV dysfunction (LV ejection fraction [LVEF] ≤ 30%) identified from MD Anderson Cancer Center database were reviewed. Patient characteristics and echocardiographic parameters were analyzed to determine potential risk factors for LV thrombus.ResultsA total of 121 patients met inclusion criteria (age 54.8 ± 15.2 years; female 63.6%; LVEF 26.3 ± 4%). LV thrombus was present in 9 patients (7.4%). Patients with LV thrombus have significantly lower LVEF compared to those without (18.7 ± 3.8% vs 26.9 ± 3.4%, P < .0001). Prevalence of LV thrombus increased as LVEF decreased and was the highest in patients with LVEF < 20%. By univariate analysis, decreased LVEF, particularly LVEF < 20% (OR 36.30, 95% CI 7.35–179.25, P < .0001) and restrictive LV filling pattern (OR 18.13, 95% CI 4.17–78.89, P = .0001) were associated with presence of LV thrombus.ConclusionIn patients with severely reduced LV systolic function due to chemotherapy‐induced cardiomyopathy, LV thrombus was found in 7.4% of subjects. Severely decreased LVEF (<20%) and restrictive LV filling pattern were associated with the presence of LV thrombus.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation impairs anti‐oxidant high‐density lipoprotein function in heart failure
Authors: Wurm Raphael , Schrutka Lore , Hammer Alexandra , Moertl Deddo , Berger Rudolf , Pavo Noemi , Lang Irene M. , Goliasch Georg , Huelsmann Martin , Distelmaier Klaus 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying reasons for the highly inconsistent clinical outcome data for omega‐3‐polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3‐PUFAs) supplementation in patients with cardiac disease have not been understood yet. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo controlled study was to determine the effects of oral treatment with n3‐PUFAs on the anti‐oxidant capacity of HDL in heart failure (HF) patients.MethodsA total of 40 patients with advanced HF of nonischaemic origin, defined by NT‐proBNP levels of >2000 pg/mL, NYHA class III or IV and a LVEF <35% who were on stable optimized medical therapy for ≥3 months, were consecutively enrolled into this prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial and randomized in a 1:1:1 fashion to receive 1 g/day or 4 g/day of n3‐PUFA, or placebo, respectively, for 12 weeks.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of treatment, the anti‐oxidant function of HDL, measured by the HDL inflammatory index, was found significantly impaired in the treatment group in a dose‐dependent fashion with 0.67 [IQR 0.49‐1.04] for placebo vs 0.71 [IQR 0.55‐1.01] for 1 g/day n3‐PUFA vs 0.98 [IQR 0.73‐1.16] for 4 g/day n3‐PUFA (P for trend = 0.018).ConclusionWe provide evidence for an adverse effect of n3‐PUFA supplementation on anti‐oxidant function of HDL in nonischaemic heart failure patients, establishing a potential mechanistic link for the controversial outcome data on n3‐PUFA supplementation.
A call for a paradigm shift: Assumed‐to‐be premature migrants actually yield good returns
Authors: Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Aarestrup Kim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnimals with complex life cycles often display plasticity in the timing of transitions across life stages. The brown trout,Salmo trutta, highlights such phenotypic plasticity with its alternative migratory tactics. Downstream migration of smolts exemplifies one of the many ways in which brown trout display plasticity. The timing of this migration is assumed to be in the spring, although recent evidence suggests an autumn migration is also present. While the proximate and ultimate causes for this autumn migration remain unclear, it was hypothesised that leaving in the autumn may have short‐term benefits (e.g., lower competition) but that these individuals are maladapted to life at sea and yield poor adult returns. To test this hypothesis, 1370 wild juvenile brown trout from a Danish stream were tagged withPITtags. Individuals were then divided into autumn and spring migrants depending on the timing of their outmigration to saltwater, and their return to freshwater was followed. Inconsistent with the hypothesis that autumn migrants yield poor returns, our findings suggest that autumn migrants yield similar return rates to spring migrants, with no observed differences in length, mass and condition upon tagging, nor in average time spent at sea. Our findings suggest that autumn migrants may not be maladapted to marine environments in a way that affects their survival, and call for a paradigm shift in the current description of the brown trout lifecycle.
Interspecific competition between restocked 0+ salmon parr (Salmo salar) and native fish species in a large European river
Authors: Floury Mathieu , Colombet Jonathan , Desvilettes Christian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAtlantic salmon populations have experienced strong declines in most large European rivers. In the Loire Basin, France, a major restocking effort has been carried out on the Allier River to reduce the wild population decline. This study aimed at investigating the trophic insertion of hatchery‐reared salmon parr and whether they compete for resources with native fish species. For this purpose, two riffles located in the upstream and downstream parts of the restocked area have been surveyed monthly following the initial 0+ salmon fry release. 0+ parr densities remained high upstream, with autumnal values greater than those recommended to maximise smolt production. In contrast, downstream densities declined to weak values despite a faster increase in size, probably mainly due to summer temperatures rising above the discomfort threshold. By analysing the vulnerability to predation of ingested invertebrate prey, we highlighted the role of habitat constraints in driving most of the different fish species to a likely opportunistic utilisation of available food resources. As a result, species such as stone loaches and barbel juveniles exhibited narrow trophic niches and high overlaps with 0+ parr. Nonetheless, both abundant prey resources and spatial or temporal habitat segregation have limited interspecific competition, enabling competitive coexistence of sympatric species, except for barbel juveniles in certain circumstances. Therefore, our findings suggest that future restocking programmes should carefully consider the thermal and hydraulic conditions regarding further smolt production as well as their general trophic context, according to the potential inconvenience of restocked salmon fry arrival relative to native species.
Acute idiopathic optic neuritis: not always benign
Authors: Deschamps R. , Gueguen A. , Lecler A. , Lecouturier K. , Lamirel C. , Bensa C. , Marignier R. , Vignal C. , Gout O. 
Published: July 2018

Background and purposeFew recent data are available concerning idiopathic optic neuritis (ON). We aimed to describe a large cohort of patients with idiopathic ON. We compared this cohort with patients with ON related to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) or ON related to aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) antibodies.MethodsThis was a monocentric retrospective observational study. Inclusion criteria for idiopathic ON were as follows: age ≥ 16 years, follow‐up of at least 2 years, negative for antibodies against MOG and AQP4 immunoglobulin G, and no magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions suggestive of demyelination (two brain MRI scans, one at baseline and one during follow‐up, and one spinal cord MRI scan).ResultsAmong 23 patients with idiopathic ON (female, 82.6%; median age, 36 years; median follow‐up time, 41.4 months), 56.5% had recurrent ON (median time to a second ON episode, 6 months). The final visual acuity in this group (median, 0; mean, 0.43; range, 0–3) was similar to that in the AQP4 group (n = 18; P‐value after Bonferroni correction = 0.936) but worse than that in the MOG group (n = 25; P‐value after Bonferroni correction = 0.019). At the last evaluation, visual acuity levels were ≤0.5 and <0.2, respectively, in 36.8% and 21% of the idiopathic ON group, 58.3% and 26.7% of the AQP4 group, and 0% and 0% of the MOG group.ConclusionThe recovery of visual acuity among patients with idiopathic ON was poor, similar to that observed in the AQP4 group.
Identification and tracking of Addictovigilance signals in general practice: which interactions between the general practitioners and the French Addictovigilance Network?
Authors: Gentile Gaétan , Jego Maeva , Spadari Michel , Griffiths Karolina , Jouanjus Emilie , Micallef Joëlle 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAddictovigilance is a health vigilance dedicated to the survey of medicinal or illicit psychoactive substance use disorders (SUDs). France is the only European country to have a vigilance system specifically dedicated to substances with an abuse/addiction potential. The French Addictovigilance system is organized in a network of regional tertiary centres (called Abuse and Dependence Monitoring Centres, CEIP‐Addictovigilance) and works in close collaboration with Regional and National health authorities. Because of the essential and unavoidable nature of their practice in the French Healthcare system, general practitioners (GPs) are key actors to identify and track Addictovigilance signals. They have been involved in several of the pharmacoepidemiological surveys implemented by the French Addictovigilance Network (FAN). Now, they increasingly participate in clinical research projects and studies. In this article, interactions between GPs and the FAN are illustrated with two examples: patients on opioid substitution treatment and patients on opioid analgesics. Collaborations between GPs and the FAN could be further potentiated. In particular, more effective communication on psychoactive SUDs including abuse/addiction is necessary to optimize the implementation of preventive measures for patients on psychoactive substances medications, and to improve the attitudes of GPs and more widely health professionals in the management of any psychoactive user suffering from SUDs. In addition, both adapted training and improved collaborative research could contribute to the optimization (safety, quality) of professional practices.
Effects of multiple stressors on cyanobacteria abundance vary with lake type
Authors: Richardson Jessica , Miller Claire , Maberly Stephen C. , Taylor Philip , Globevnik Lidija , Hunter Peter , Jeppesen Erik , Mischke Ute , Moe S. Jannicke , Pasztaleniec Agnieszka , Søndergaard Martin , Carvalho Laurence 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBlooms of cyanobacteria are a current threat to global water security that is expected to increase in the future because of increasing nutrient enrichment, increasing temperature and extreme precipitation in combination with prolonged drought. However, the responses to multiple stressors, such as those above, are often complex and there is contradictory evidence as to how they may interact. Here we used broad scale data from 494 lakes in central and northern Europe, to assess how cyanobacteria respond to nutrients (phosphorus), temperature and water retention time in different types of lakes. Eight lake types were examined based on factorial combinations of major factors that determine phytoplankton composition and sensitivity to nutrients: alkalinity (low and medium‐high), colour (clear and humic) and mixing intensity (polymictic and stratified). In line with expectations, cyanobacteria increased with temperature and retention time in five of the eight lake types. Temperature effects were greatest in lake types situated at higher latitudes, suggesting that lakes currently not at risk could be affected by warming in the future. However, the sensitivity of cyanobacteria to temperature, retention time and phosphorus varied among lake types highlighting the complex responses of lakes to multiple stressors. For example, in polymictic, medium‐high alkalinity, humic lakes cyanobacteria biovolume was positively explained by retention time and a synergy between TP and temperature, while in polymictic, medium‐high alkalinity, clear lakes only retention time was identified as an explanatory variable. These results show that, although climate change will need to be accounted for when managing the risk of cyanobacteria in lakes, a “one‐size fits‐all” approach is not appropriate. When forecasting the response of cyanobacteria to future environmental change, including changes caused by climate and local management, it will be important to take this differential sensitivity of lakes into account.
Forecasting effects of tree species reintroduction strategies on carbon stocks in a future without historical analog
Authors: Gustafson Eric J. , Sturtevant Brian R. , de Bruijn Arjan M. G. , Lichti Nathanael , Jacobs Douglass F. , Kashian Daniel M. , Miranda Brian R. , Townsend Philip A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAmerican chestnut (Castanea dentata) was once an important component forests in the central Appalachians (USA), but it was functionally extirpated nearly a century ago. Attempts are underway to reintroduce blight‐resistant chestnut to its former range, but it is uncertain how current forest composition, climate, and atmospheric changes and disturbance regimes will interact to determine future forest dynamics and ecosystem services. The combination of novel environmental conditions (e.g. climate change), a reintroduced tree species and new disturbance regimes (e.g. exotic insect pests, fire suppression) have no analog in the past that can be used to parameterize phenomenological models. We therefore used a mechanistic approach within the LANDIS‐II forest landscape model that relies on physiological first principles to project forest dynamics as the outcome of competition of tree cohorts for light and water as a function of temperature, precipitation, CO2 concentration, and life history traits. We conducted a factorial landscape simulation experiment to evaluate specific hypotheses about future forest dynamics in two study sites in the center of the former range of chestnut. Our results supported the hypotheses that climate change would favor chestnut because of its optimal temperature range and relative drought resistance, and that chestnut would be less competitive in the more mesic Appalachian Plateau province because competitors will be less stressed. The hypothesis that chestnut will increase carbon stocks was supported, although the increase was modest. Our results confirm that aggressive restoration is needed regardless of climate and soils, and that increased aggressiveness of chestnut restoration increased biomass accumulation. The hypothesis that chestnut restoration will increase both compositional and structural richness was not supported because chestnut displaced some species and age cohorts. Although chestnut restoration did not markedly enhance carbon stocks, our findings provide hope that this formerly important species can be successfully reintroduced and associated ecosystem services recovered.
Geographies of mega‐urbanization
Authors: Lauermann John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews recent research on mega‐urbanization, showing that it is an increasingly common form of urban growth. This includes research on the spatial expansion of cities through mega‐scale urban agglomerations like mega‐cities and mega‐regions; it also includes research on the intensification of urban land use through mega‐projects. The paper outlines strategies for researching the geographies of mega‐urbanization, based on recent research in urban studies. Empirically, urban researchers are treating mega‐urbanization as an increasingly ordinary part of everyday urban life. Methodologically, urban researchers are adopting longitudinal approaches for assessing the complex temporalities of mega‐projects and for evaluating gaps between planning promises and planning outcomes. Theoretically, urban research is taking a pragmatic approach to mega‐urbanization, viewing it critically but also aiming to constructively intervene in mega‐project planning.