bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Incidence and Etiology of Previously Undiagnosed Hypoglycemic Disorders in the Emergency Department
Authors: White Kathryn , Truong Lisa , Aaron Kimberly , Mushtaq Nasir , Thornton Paul S. 
Published: October 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and etiology of previously undiagnosed hypoglycemia in children (<18 years of age) seen in a hospital emergency department (ED).

Methods
A retrospective review of all emergency room visits over a 2-year period was conducted to identify patients younger than 18 years who had hypoglycemia (<50 mg/dL) not associated with a previously known cause. Evaluation of hypoglycemia was conducted during a spontaneous hypoglycemic event or during hypoglycemia induced by a fasting study. Insulin and counter-regulatory hormones were measured simultaneously when the blood glucose was less than 50 mg/dL.

Results
Of 224,125 children seen in the ED during the study, 160 (1:1400) were documented to have hypoglycemia not caused by a previously known condition. Eighty-five (53%) of the 160 hypoglycemic subjects underwent a diagnostic evaluation. Seventeen (20%) of the 85 were classified as having a high-risk disorder causing hypoglycemia, whereas 63 (74%) had a low-risk disorder. Seventy-five patients (47%) did not undergo a diagnostic evaluation during the ED visit or hospital admission.

Conclusions
Hypoglycemia of unknown etiology occurs in 1:1400 (0.07%) children who attended the ED during the study. Assuming that none of the children who failed to undergo a diagnostic evaluation had a high-risk disorder, 10.6% of the subjects with hypoglycemia were found to have a high-risk disorder. Because of the increased incidence of high-risk disorders causing hypoglycemia and the long-term health risk associated with hypoglycemia, we recommend that all children with hypoglycemia of unknown etiology have a critical blood sample drawn at the time of hypoglycemia (blood glucose <50 mg/dL) or be admitted for a diagnostic evaluation.
Predicting Perceived Disfigurement from Facial Function in Patients with Unilateral Paralysis
Authors: Lyford-Pike Sofia , Helwig Nathaniel E. , Sohre Nick E. , Guy Stephen J. , Hadlock Tessa A. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Clinical rating tools such as the electronic, clinician-graded facial function (eFACE) scale provide detailed information about aspects of facial functioning relevant to the assessment and treatment of facial paralysis. Past research has established that eFACE scores significantly relate to expert ratings of facial disfigurement. However, no studies have examined the extent to which eFACE scores relate to casual observers’ perceptions of disfigurement in facial paralysis.

Methods:
Casual observers (n = 539) were recruited at the 2016 Minnesota State Fair, and were shown short videos of facial expressions made by patients (n = 61) with unilateral facial paralysis. Observer ratings of disfigurement were recorded and related to eFACE scores (total and subscores) using mixed-effect regression models.

Results:
Patients’ eFACE scores were significantly related to observers’ disfigurement ratings, such that improved function (as indicated by a higher eFACE score) corresponded to a decreased perception of disfigurement. The resting face of patients, their total movement capability, and their involuntary movement through synkinesis all played a significant role in predicting the casual observers’ ratings.

Conclusions:
The results establish a clear connection between clinician eFACE ratings of facial function and casual observer judgments of disfigurement. In addition, the findings provide insight into which clinical aspects of facial dysfunction are most salient for casual observers’ perceptions of disfigurement. Such insights can help both patients and clinicians better understand the expected social implications of different clinical aspects of facial dysfunction.
Ergonomics in the Operating Room: The Cervicospinal Health of Today’s Surgeons
Authors: Fisher Sean M. , Teven Chad M. , Song David H. 
Published: October 2018

Summary:In its many forms, operating can lead surgeons to adopt postures that have damaging long-term effects on physical health through imparting musculoskeletal fatigue. One area that is particularly susceptible is the cervical spine, as surgeons are forced into positions that require sustained cervical hyperflexion. The repercussions of resultant injuries can be steep, as they have the potential to adversely affect one’s operative capacity. The purpose of this article is to assess the spinal health of today’s surgeons by evaluating available research in various surgical subspecialties. By focusing on the ergonomic principles that govern the surgical arena and identifying unifying themes between plastic surgery and other surgical subspecialties, it is the goal of this article to enhance the understanding of cervical spine health as it pertains to the plastic and reconstructive surgeon.
Getting the Most Out of Augmentation-Mastopexy
Authors: Sarosiek Konrad , Maxwell G. Patrick , Unger Jacob G. 
Published: October 2018

Learning Objectives:
After reviewing the article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the tenets of proper patient selection. 2. Be familiar with the assessment of patients for augmentation-mastopexy. 3. Be able to plan an operative approach and execute the critical steps. 4. Be able to recognize common complications and have a basic understanding of their management. 5. Be aware of emerging adjunctive techniques and technologies with respect to augmentation-mastopexy.

Summary:
Despite being a multivariable and complex procedure, augmentation-mastopexy remains a central and pivotal component of the treatment algorithm for ptotic and deflated breasts among plastic surgeons. Careful preoperative planning, combined with proper selection of approach and implant, can lead to success. Physicians need to understand that there is a high frequency of reoperation cited in the literature with regard to this procedure, and discussions before the initial operation can help alleviate common misunderstandings and challenges inherent in this operation.
Longitudinal Associations Between Inflammation and Depressive Symptoms in Chronic Dialysis Patients
Authors: Haverkamp Gertrud L.G. , Loosman Wim L. , Schouten Robbert W. , Franssen Casper F. M. , Kema Ido P. , van Diepen Merel , Dekker Friedo W. , Chandie Shaw Prataap K. , Smets Yves F.C. , Vleming Louis-Jean , van Jaarsveld Brigit C. , Honig Adriaan , Siegert Carl E. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
Patients undergoing chronic dialysis often display sustained elevations of inflammation markers and also have a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Although multiple studies demonstrated cross-sectional associations between inflammation markers and depressive symptoms in this patient group, longitudinal associations have not been examined. We therefore investigated whether longitudinal associations exist between inflammation markers and depressive symptoms in chronic dialysis patients.

Methods
Data of three consecutive measurements of an observational, prospective cohort study among chronic dialysis patients were used. At baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up, patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory, and inflammation markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [HsCRP], interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α) were measured. We examined cross-sectional associations between inflammation markers and depressive symptoms using linear regression models. The longitudinal association between inflammation and depressive symptoms was assessed using a linear mixed model analyses.

Results
A total of 513 patients were included. Cross-sectional associations were found between HsCRP and depressive symptoms at baseline (β = 0.9, confidence interval [CI] = 0.4–1.4) and 6-month follow-up (β = 1.1, CI = 0.3–2.0), and between IL-1β and depressive symptoms at 6-month follow-up (β = 1.3, CI = 0.8–1.8) and 12-month follow-up (β = 1.2, CI = 0.4–1.9). Inflammation makers (HsCRP, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α) at baseline were not associated with depressive symptoms at follow-up and vice versa.

Conclusions
We confirmed the presence of cross-sectional associations between inflammation markers and depressive symptoms in chronic dialysis patients, but with our longitudinal data, we found no longitudinal associations. This supports an associative instead of a causal relationship between inflammation and depressive symptoms.
Individual and Network Factors Associated With Racial Disparities in HIV Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Results From the RADAR Cohort Study
Authors: Mustanski Brian , Morgan Ethan , D'Aquila Richard , Birkett Michelle , Janulis Patrick , Newcomb Michael E. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Individual sexual risk behaviors have failed to explain the observed racial disparity in HIV acquisition. To increase understanding of potential drivers in disparities, we assessed differences across individual, network, and social determinants.

Methods:
Data come from RADAR (N = 1015), a longitudinal cohort study of multilevel HIV-risk factors among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) aged 16–29 years in Chicago, IL. Data collection includes biological specimens; network data, including detailed information about social, sexual, and drug-use networks; and psychosocial characteristics of YMSM.

Results:
Compared to white YMSM (24.8%) and Hispanic YMSM (30.0%), black YMSM (33.9%) had a higher prevalence of both HIV (32%; P < 0.001) and rectal sexually transmitted infections (26.5%; P = 0.011) with no observed differences in pre-exposure prophylaxis use. Black YMSM reported lower rates of sexual risk behaviors and more lifetime HIV tests (P < 0.001) compared with all other YMSM; however, they were also significantly less likely to achieve viral suppression (P = 0.01). Black YMSM reported the highest rate of cannabis use (P = 0.03) as well as greater levels of stigma (P < 0.001), victimization (P = 0.04), trauma (P < 0.001), and childhood sexual abuse (P < 0.001). White YMSM reported higher rates of depression (P < 0.001) and alcohol use (P < 0.001). In network analyses, significant differences existed across network characteristics with black YMSM having the lowest transitivity (P = 0.002), the highest density (P < 0.001), and the highest homophily (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Black YMSM do not report higher rates of HIV-risk behaviors, but social and network determinants are aligned toward increased HIV risk. These results suggest that network interventions and those addressing social determinants may help reduce disparities.
Everolimus and Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Registry-based 10-year Follow-up of 5 Randomized Trials
Authors: Ying Tracey , Wong Germaine , Lim Wai H. , Clayton Philip , Kanellis John , Pilmore Helen , Campbell Scott , O’Connell Philip J. , Russ Graeme , Chadban Steven 
Published: October 2018

Background.
Data regarding the long-term efficacy of everolimus-based immunosuppression for kidney transplantation are lacking. Existing randomized controlled trials are limited by short follow-up duration which limits capacity to assess impact on graft and patient survival.

Methods.
We linked individual trial participants to the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. Using a 1-step meta-analysis approach, we investigated the 10-year risk of graft loss, mortality and graft function in 349 participants from 5 randomized trials of everolimus-based immunosuppression.

Results.
Two hundred forty-two patients randomized to everolimus and 107 control patients were followed for a median of 9 years (interquartile range, 7.1, 9.8 y). There were no significant differences in the risk of all-cause graft loss (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-1.94), mortality (adjusted HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.78-2.93) and death-censored graft loss in everolimus versus control (adjusted HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.50-2.01). For patients in the early initiation (de novo or <6-month conversion) everolimus trials (n = 279), decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate did not significantly differ with control (mean difference in the slope of estimated glomerular filtrate rate, 0.01 mL/min per 1.73 m2 [−0.06 to +0.09]).

Conclusions.
This registry-based analysis with long-term follow-up found no differences in graft and recipient survival or graft function for everolimus over current standard of care.
Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Complicated by Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Kidney Transplant From the Same Donor With No Immunosuppression but C5 Inhibition
Authors: Ardissino Gianluigi , Cresseri Donata , Giglio Fabio , Onida Francesco , Iannuzzella Francesco , Tel Francesca , Giussani Antenore , Messa Piergiorgio , Longhi Selena , Vincenti Daniele , Tedeschi Silvana , Cugno Massimo , Ciceri Fabio 
Published: October 2018

Background
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is life-threatening condition particularly when complicating allograft hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). In the past, the outcome was very poor with the majority of patients reaching end-stage renal disease or dying with little or no chances of kidney transplant (KTx) due to the high risk of relapse. The availability of C5 inhibition has opened up significant therapeutic opportunities and has improved the outcome particularly if complement dysregulation (CD) is the underlying pathogenetic mechanism.

Methods
We describe a peculiar case of a girl with aHUS complicating HSCT and her subsequent successful KTx received from the same donor thus performed without immunosuppression but anti-C5 inhibition.

Results
Soon after HSCT performed for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the patient developed a TMA due to CD and reached end-stage renal disease. After 2 years on dialysis, the patient received a KTx from her father who was already the HSCT donor. Given the full chimerism, no immunosuppressive agent was prescribed except a short (2 days) course of steroids and eculizumab to prevent aHUS relapse. Nine months after the KTx, the patient is well with normal renal function, no immunosuppression and continues eculizumab prevention of aHUS (1 infusion every 21 days).

Conclusions
All patients with transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy should be screened for the causes of CD. C5 inhibition with eculizumab is an important therapeutic resource to manage this complication. When KTx is necessary, immunosuppression can be safely withhold in case of same donor for both grafts and documented full chimerism.
Retransplantation Outcomes at a Large Lung Transplantation Program
Authors: Ren Dewei , Kaleekal Thomas S. , Graviss Edward A. , Nguyen Duc T. , Sinha Neeraj , Goodarzi Amad , Agboli Isioma , Suarez Erik E. , Loebe Matthias , Scheinin Scott A. , Bruckner Brian A. 
Published: October 2018

Background
With the increase of primary lung transplantation across major centers worldwide, over the last several years the need of lung retransplant (ReTX) is likely to increase. Therefore, characterization of ReTX patients is prudent and necessary. Our study aimed to investigate and characterize the covariates and outcomes associated with lung ReTX survival in a single large U.S. transplant center.

Methods
Demographic, clinical diagnoses, and comorbidities were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier statistics were used to calculate and predict survival for 30 days and up to 3 years. Cox proportional modeling was used to determine the variables associated with mortality.

Results
Of included 684 lung transplants performed at the Houston Methodist Hospital between January 2009 and December 2015, 49 were lung ReTX. Median age of primary lung transplant (non-ReTX) and ReTx recipients was 62 and 49 years, respectively. Chronic graft rejection in the form of restrictive chronic lung allograft dysfunction and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was the main indications for ReTX. Compared with non-ReTX patients, ReTX patients had higher median lung allocation score (46.2 vs 37.0, respectively) and higher mortality after 6 months posttransplant. ReTX, older age, female sex, hospitalization 15 days or longer, estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60, 6-minute walk distance less than 400 ft, and donor/recipient height ratio less than 1 were significantly associated with decreased 1-year patient and graft survival. Chronic graft rejection was still the major cause of death in the long-term follow-up recipients.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that lung ReTX recipients have poor long-term survival outcomes. Lung ReTX should only be offered to carefully selected patients.
History and Future Directions of Vision Testing in Head Trauma
Authors: Akhand Omar , Rizzo John-Ross , Rucker Janet C. , Hasanaj Lisena , Galetta Steven L. , Balcer Laura J. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Concussion leads to neurophysiologic changes that may result in visual symptoms and changes in ocular motor function. Vision-based testing is used increasingly to improve detection and assess head injury. This review will focus on the historical aspects and emerging data for vision tests, emphasizing rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks and objective recording techniques, including video-oculography (VOG), as applied to the evaluation of mild traumatic brain injury.

Methods:
Searches on PubMed were performed using combinations of the following key words: “concussion,” “mild traumatic brain injury,” “rapid automatized naming,” “King-Devick,” “mobile universal lexicon evaluation system,” “video-oculography,” and “eye-tracking.” Additional information was referenced from web sites of vendors of commercial eye-tracking systems and services.

Results:
Tests of rapid number, picture, or symbol naming, termed RAN tasks, have been used in neuropsychological studies since the early 20th century. The visual system contains widely distributed networks that are readily assessed by a variety of functionally distinct RAN tasks. The King-Devick test, a rapid number naming assessment, and several picture-naming tests, such as the Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) and the modified Snodgrass and Vanderwart image set, show capacity to identify athletes with concussion. VOG has gained widespread use in eye- and gaze-tracking studies of head trauma from which objective data have shown increased saccadic latencies, saccadic dysmetria, errors in predictive target tracking, and changes in vergence in concussed subjects. Performance impairments on RAN tasks and on tasks recorded with VOG are likely related to ocular motor dysfunction and to changes in cognition, specifically to attention, memory, and executive functioning. As research studies on ocular motor function after concussion have expanded, so too have commercialized eye-tracking systems and assessments. However, these commercial services are still investigational and all vision-based markers of concussion require further validation.

Conclusions:
RAN tasks and VOG assessments provide objective measures of ocular motor function. Changes in ocular motor performance after concussion reflect generalized neurophysiologic changes affecting a variety of cognitive processes. Although these tests are increasingly used in head injury assessments, further study is needed to validate them as adjunctive diagnostic aids and assessments of recovery.
The evolution of class-dependent reproductive effort in humans and other animals
Authors: Rodrigues António M. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReproductive effort is a major life history trait that largely determines an organism’s reproductive and survival schedule, and therefore it has a significant impact on lifetime fitness. A wealth of theoretical models have identified a wide range of factors that provide adaptive explanations for reproductive effort, including senescence, differential adult and offspring survival, and inter-generational competition. This work, however, is inadequate for explaining the levels of variation in reproductive effort found in stratified societies characterised by complex social dynamics. Rank and class-based societies are widespread in the natural world and common in social species, from insects and birds to humans and other mammals. In this article, I investigate how class and intra-generational social mobility influence the allocation of resources between fecundity and somatic tissue. I find that social mobility causes lower-class mothers to preferentially invest in survival, but only if class is associated with additional reproductive resources. If, by contrast, class is associated with extra survival resources, then upper-class mothers are always favoured to invest more in somatic maintenance, whilst lower-class mothers are always favoured to invest less in somatic maintenance, irrespective of social mobility. Moreover, I find that class-dependent reproductive effort leads to the emergence of distinct class-specific life-history syndromes, with each syndrome being associated with a suite of contrasting life-history traits. Finally, I find that these life-history syndromes are in close agreement with those observed in a human contemporary population. These findings lend support to the idea that evolutionary models can bridge the gap between the animal-human divide, and therefore be a valuable tool for public health decision-making and other human affairs.
A Cyclin A – Myb-MuvB – Aurora B network regulates the choice between mitotic cycles and polyploid endoreplication cycles
Authors: Rotelli Michael D. , Policastro Robert A. , Bolling Anna M. , Killion Andrew W. , Weinberg Abraham J. , Dixon Michael J. , Zentner Gabriel E. , Walczak Claire E. , Lilly Mary A. , Calvi Brian R. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryCells switch to polyploid endoreplication cycles during development, wound healing, and cancer. We used integrated approaches inDrosophilato determine how mitotic cycles are remodeled into endoreplication cycles, and how similar this remodeling is between developmental and induced endoreplicating cells (devECs and iECs). We found that while only devECs had a dampened E2F1 transcriptome, repression of a Cyclin A - Myb-MuvB - Aurora B mitotic network promoted endoreplication in both devECs and iECs. Cyclin A associated with and activated Myb-MuvB to induce transcription of mitotic genes, with expression of one, Aurora B, being key for mitotic commitment. Knockdown of Cyclin A, Myb, Aurora B, or downstream cytokinetic proteins induced distinct types of endoreplication, suggesting that repression of different mitotic network steps may explain the known diversity of polyploid cycles. These findings reveal how remodeling of a mitotic network promotes polyploid cycles that contribute to development, wound healing, and cancer.
Satb1integrates DNA sequence,shape, motif densityand torsional stressto differentially bind targets in nucleosome-dense regions
Authors: Ghosh Rajarshi P. , Shi Quanming , Yang Linfeng , Reddick Michael P. , Nikitina Tatiana , Zhurkin Victor B. , Fordyce Polly , Stasevich Timothy J. , Chang Howard Y. , Greenleaf William J. , Liphardt Jan T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSatb1 is a genome organizer that regulates multiple cellular and developmental processes. It is not yet clear how Satb1 selects different sets of targets throughout the genome. We used live-cell single molecule imaging and deep sequencing to assess determinants of Satb1 binding-site selectivity. We found that Satb1 preferentially targets nucleosome-dense regions and can directly bind consensus motifs within nucleosomes. Some genomic regions harbor multiple regularly spaced Satb1 binding motifs (typical separation ∼1 turn of the DNA helix), characterized by highly cooperative binding. The Satb1 homeodomain is dispensable for high-affinity binding but is essential for specificity. Finally, Satb1⇔DNA interactions are mechanosensitive: increasing negative torsional stress in DNA enhances Satb1 binding and Satb1 stabilizes base unpairing regions (BURs) against melting by molecular machines. The ability of Satb1 to control diverse biological programs may reflect its ability to combinatorially use multiple site selection criteria.