bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can all sectors of the hospitality and tourism industry be influenced by the innovation of Blockchain technology?
Authors: Willie Paul 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a general introduction to Blockchain technology and how it can be used within the global hospitality industry. In particular, this paper speaks to three industry sectors where Blockchain technology is currently in use.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on the perspective of an academic who also continues to serve as an industry practitioner within the field of hospitality technology. To this end, the paper provides several examples as to how Blockchain technology can be used to further advance the hospitality profession within a number of different industry sectors.

Findings
Blockchain technology is being used now within the hospitality industry for both practical and strategic purposes. It can be used in most sectors of the profession and will continue to be used within the hospitality industry for many years ahead. The technology is still relatively new and will continue to become more advanced and sophisticated with the passage of time.

Practical implications
Many hospitality industry examples are provided as to how Blockchain technology can be used to improve operational effectiveness, efficiencies and overall profitability.

Originality/value
This paper adds value and contributes to the literature relating to Blockchain technology applications in the international hospitality industry. It represents current and future use that can and should be taken into consideration by both the hospitality industry and academia.
Development of nickel bi-porous wicks for miniature loop heat pipe applications
Authors: Mahulkar Yogesh , Sedani Chetankumar 
Published: May 2019

PurposeMiniature loop heat pipes (MLHPs) are highly efficient passive heat transfer devices, which have considerable advantages over conventional heat pipes. Currently, miniature LHPs with ammonia and water as working fluids have been developed and utilized in electronics cooling within temperature range of 50°C-70°C at any orientation in 1-g conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors studied the standard procedure for the development of bi-porous nickel wicks and their characterization. Three different shaped nickel powders were studied, and best fitting nickel powder for electronics cooling application was reported. The manufacturing of bi-porous wick structures was analyzed with parameters such as porosity, permeability, capillary pressure and effective thermal conductivity for efficient performance of MLHP.FindingsThe study investigated the sintering process for number of samples to identify effective sample for the particular application. It is found that carbonyl nickel powder (type 287) with particle size of 2.6-3.3 µm gives promising results. Permeability and porosity were found to be highest in this case.Originality/valueIt is found that carbonyl nickel powder type with particle size gives promising results. Permeability and porosity was found to be highest in this case.
Morphology and properties of composite coating on mild steel: effect of bath temperature and snail shell weight composition
Authors: Aigbodion Victor Sunday , C.C. Enyi , E.T. Akinlabi , I.Y. Suleiman , I.C. Ezema , C.A. Mgbemene 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the parametric study of addition of snail shell particles (SSp) and bath temperature on the properties of Zn-ZnO-SSp composites coating.Design/methodology/approachBath temperatures of 60°C and 90°C and SSp of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25g were used in the electrodeposition. The microstructure, electrochemical, wear and hardness values of the coated samples were determined.FindingsHighest coating thickness of 240 µm, 277 per cent improvement in hardness values, 66.67 per cent improvement of wear rate were obtained at bath temperature of 60oC and 15gSSp addition over that of the uncoated sample. There was improvement in corrosion resistance after composites coating. Maximum improvement in the properties was obtained at bath temperature of 60°C at 15gSSp addition.Originality/valueIt has been established in this work that bath treatment and SSps improved the properties of the developed coating.
Managing hedgerows for nocturnal wildlife: Do bats and their insect prey benefit from targeted agri‐environment schemes?
Authors: Froidevaux Jérémy S. P. , Boughey Katherine L. , Hawkins Charlotte L. , Broyles Moth , Jones Gareth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMitigating the detrimental impacts of intensive farming on biodiversity requires the implementation of cost‐effective conservation actions. Targeted agri‐environment schemes (AESs) to enhance populations of threatened species inhabiting farmland have been proposed for this purpose, yet their effectiveness for nocturnal wildlife remains unknown.We assessed whether hedgerow management prescribed by targeted AESs to improve habitat conditions for the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in England may positively influence the species, the entire bat assemblage and the insect prey of bats. We specifically investigated the responses of bats (occurrence, activity and species richness) and insects (biomass, abundance and diversity) to time since last trimming (from 1 up to 10 years). We explored the mechanisms underlying the effects of AES via changes in trimming regime on bats. Moreover, we investigated the effects of landscape context on bats as we expected that highly mobile species would benefit further from landscape‐scale management.Bat species richness significantly increased with time since last trimming. Three bat taxa of major conservation concern in Western Europe substantially benefited from the targeted prescription, namelyR. ferrumequinum,Rhinolophus hipposiderosandPlecotusspp. Insect family richness and dipteran abundance were also significantly greater at hedgerows that were untrimmed for at least 3 years. The activity of more common bat species (i.e. pipistrelle bats) was not influenced by time since last trimming.Changes in trimming regime strongly affected hedgerow height which directly and indirectly (by increasing prey abundance) influenced bat occurrence, activity and species richness along hedgerows.The activity of highly mobile bat species was mainly associated with a range of landscape attributes. The amount of semi‐natural grassland within 0.5 km of the sampling sites positively influencedR. ferrumequinumwhile the presence of urban areas negatively affected light‐sensitive bat species.Synthesis and applications.The implementation of targeted agri‐environment schemes can include effective measures to enhance bats and their insect prey in farmland. Although we highlight the success of current prescriptions on hedgerow management, we suggest that their effectiveness can easily be optimized by encouraging farmers to keep hedgerows untrimmed for longer periods (>3 up to 10 years). We also highlight that a multi‐scale management approach is required to successfully promote bats in farmland.
Extraction of Green Tea Phenolics Using Water Bubbled with Gases
Authors: Ryu Jiwon , Kim Mi‐Ja , Lee JaeHwan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWater was bubbled with gases including nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and air for 10 min and phenolics from green tea leaves were extracted using the prepared gas‐bubbled water. To retain the gases in water, the extraction conditions were maintained in an air‐tight container at room temperature under magnetic stirring. Radical scavenging ability, total phenolic content, and phenolic profiles of the extracts were analyzed, and gas‐bubbled water was examined to explain the differences in phenolic contents. Overall, green tea infusion prepared from H2‐bubbled water contained significantly high levels of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity compared to other gas‐bubbled waters including N2, O2, CO2, and air (P < 0.05).Control samples and those bubbled with CO2 showed the lowest antioxidant activities in green tea infusion. However, green tea extracts with O2 bubbling showed the lowest catechin content. Green tea leaves treated with hydrogen gas‐bubbled water had much greater damage to their surface morphological properties compared to the other groups, which may explain the higher yield of phenolic compounds. Overall, hydrogen gas‐bubbled water showed better extraction yield of phenolics from green tea leaves than other gas‐bubbled water.Practical ApplicationGreen tea or green tea infusion has diverse health beneficial functionality due to the presence of phenolic compounds. In this study, different gases including nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide were treated in water and these gas‐bubbled water were used to extract phenolics from green tea leaves. Among them, hydrogen‐bubbled water extracted the highest phenolic contents from tea leaves and showed the highest in vitro antioxidant ability in green tea infusion compared to other gas‐bubbled water. This new knowledge could help to produce green teas with higher antioxidant activity in beverage industry.
Genes, Roommates, and Residence Halls: A Multidimensional Study of the Role of Peer Drinking on College Students’ Alcohol Use
Authors: Smith Rebecca L. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Aliev Fazil , Neale Zoe , Barr Peter ,   Spit for Science Working Group, Dick Danielle M. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundPeer drinking is one of the most robust predictors of college students’ alcohol use and can moderate students’ genetic risk for alcohol use. Peer effect research generally suffers from 2 problems: selection into peer groups and relying more on perceptions of peer alcohol use than peers’ self‐report. The goal of the present study was to overcome those limitations by capitalizing on a genetically informed sample of randomly assigned college roommates to examine multiple dimensions of peer influence and the interplay between peer effects and genetic predisposition on alcohol use, in the form of polygenic scores.MethodsWe used a subsample (n = 755) of participants from a university‐wide, longitudinal study at a large, diverse, urban university. Participants reported their own alcohol use during fall and spring and their perceptions of college peers’ alcohol use in spring. We matched individuals into their rooms and residence halls to create a composite score of peer‐reported alcohol use for each of those levels. We examined multiple dimensions of peer influence and whether peer influence moderated genetic predisposition to predict college students’ alcohol use using multilevel models to account for clustering at the room and residence hall level.ResultsWe found that polygenic scores (β = 0.12), perceptions of peer drinking (β = 0.37), and roommates’ self‐reported drinking (β = 0.10) predicted alcohol use (all ps < 0.001), while average alcohol use across residence hall did not (β = −0.01, p = 0.86). We found no evidence for interactions between peer influence and genome‐wide polygenic scores for alcohol use.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the importance of genetic predisposition on individual alcohol use and support the potentially causal nature of the association between peer influence and alcohol use.
Do Associations Between Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorder Vary by Weight Status? Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions‐III
Authors: White Gretchen E. , Richardson Gale A. , Mair Christina , Courcoulas Anita P. , King Wendy C. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundUnderstanding whether the associations between alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) differ by weight status may be useful in screening for AUD in populations where obesity is common. We aimed to determine whether the associations between alcohol use and AUD differ by weight status.MethodsA total of 24,869 adult participants of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions‐III with a body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m2 who reported past‐year alcohol use were included. The AUD and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule‐5 were administered to identify past‐year AUD. Logistic regression was used to test the associations between weight status and levels and patterns of alcohol use with AUD; interactions between weight status and alcohol use variables in relation to AUD were examined. Analyses were stratified by gender.ResultsFor males and females, the odds of AUD were higher with greater frequency of any alcohol use and heavy drinking, higher average quantity of drinks per drinking day, and past‐year high‐risk drinking. Among males, at the same average quantity of drinks per drinking day, frequency of heavy drinking, or presence of high‐risk drinking, those with class 3 obesity had higher odds of AUD versus lower classes or no obesity (p for all interactions <0.01). Among females, at the same frequency of any alcohol use, those with healthy weight had the highest odds of AUD, while females with class 3 obesity had the lowest odds of AUD (p for interaction <0.001); interactions between weight status and other alcohol use variables were not significant (p ≥ 0.05).ConclusionsThe associations between some measures of alcohol use and AUD differed by weight status, with inconsistent results between males and females. Alcohol use thresholds typically used in AUD screening may be too high in males with class 3 obesity.
Impact of Genetic Variation on Stress‐Related Ethanol Consumption
Authors: Mulligan Megan K. , Lu Lu , Cavigelli Sonia A. , Mormède Pierre , Terenina Elena , Zhao Wenyuan , Williams Robert W. , Jones Byron C. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe effect of stress on alcohol consumption in humans is highly variable, and the underlying processes are not yet understood. Attempts to model a positive relationship between stress and increased ethanol (EtOH) consumption in animals have been only modestly successful. Our hypothesis is that individual differences in stress effects on EtOH consumption are mediated by genetics.MethodsWe measured alcohol consumption, using the drinking‐in‐the‐dark (DID) paradigm in females from 2 inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2), and 35 of their inbred progeny (the BXD family). A control group was maintained in normal housing and a stress group was exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS), consisting of unpredictable stressors over 7 weeks. These included predator, social, and environmental perturbations. Alcohol intake was measured over 16 weeks in both groups during baseline (preceding 5‐week period), CMS (intervening 7‐week period), and post‐CMS (final 4‐week period).ResultsWe detected a strong effect of CMS on alcohol intake. A few strains demonstrated CMS‐related increased alcohol consumption; however, most showed decreased intake. We identified 1 nearly significant quantitative trait locus on chromosome 5 that contains the neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene (Nos1). The expression of Nos1 is frequently changed following alcohol exposure, and variants in this gene segregating among the BXD population may modulate alcohol intake in response to stress.ConclusionsThe results we present here represent the first study to combine chronic stress and alcohol consumption in a genetic reference population of mice. Differences in susceptibility to the effects of stressful environments vis‐à‐vis alcohol use disorders would suggest that the differences have at least some basis in genetic constitution. We have also nominated a likely candidate gene underlying the large individual differences in effects of stress on alcohol consumption.
Expression of the Tim3‐galectin‐9 axis is altered in drug‐induced maculopapular exanthema
Authors: Fernandez‐Santamaría Ruben , Palomares Francisca , Salas Maria , Doña Inmaculada , Bogas Gador , Ariza Adriana , Rodriguez‐Nogales Alba , Plaza‐Seron Maria C. , Mayorga Cristobalina , Torres Maria J. , Fernández Tahia D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDrug‐induced maculopapular exanthemas (MPEs) are mediated by Th1 CD4+ T cells. One of the mechanisms of control of Th1 cells in homeostasis is the interaction between the checkpoint inhibitor Tim3 and its physiological ligand galectin‐9 (Gal9). Disorders affecting this axis may be responsible for various autoimmune and immunological diseases. The aim of this study was to determinate the influence of the Tim3‐Gal9 axis on the development of MPE induced by drugs.MethodsFrequencies of different cell subsets and the expression of Tim3 and Gal9 were measured in peripheral blood by flow cytometry and in skin biopsies by immunohistochemistry. Gal9 expression was assessed by RT‐qPCR; its release was measured by multiplex assay. The effects of blocking or enhancing the Tim3‐Gal9 axis on monocyte‐derived dendritic cell (moDC) maturation and T‐cell proliferation were determined by flow cytometry.ResultsThe expression of Tim3 was significantly reduced in peripheral blood Th1 cells and in the skin of MPE patients vs controls. Gal9 expression and release were significantly reduced in patient peripheral blood and moDCs, respectively. The addition of exogenous Gal9 significantly reduced Tim3+ Th1 proliferation, although Treg proliferation increased.ConclusionThis study showed the involvement of the Tim3‐Gal9 axis in MPE. The reduced expression of Tim3 in Th1 cells together with the impaired expression of Gal9 in PBMCs and DCs appears to have a role in the development of the disease. The potential of Gal9 to suppress Th1 and enhance Treg proliferation makes it a promising tool for treating these reactions.
Comparison of the health and well‐being of smoking and non‐smoking school‐aged children in Ireland
Authors: Evans David S. , O'Farrell Anne , Sheridan Aishling , Kavanagh Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough most young people are aware of the long‐term consequences of smoking, it has been shown that young smokers expect to give up before any health damage occurs. Little is known in an Irish context about the association between smoking and young people's current health. This could be helpful to help reduce smoking initiation and encouraging quitting. The study aimed to determine the association between smoking and health and well‐being indicators among Irish school‐aged children.MethodsThe 2014 Irish Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children study was analysed, which comprised a random stratified sample of 9,623 schoolchildren (aged 10–18). The prevalence of eight self‐reported health complaints and two subjective well‐being measures were compared across strata classified by self‐reported smoking status using Pearson's chi square and independent t tests. Logistic regression and ordinal regression were used to control for age, gender, and social class.ResultsA significantly larger proportion of smokers (p < .001) reported fair to poor health (32% versus 11% for non‐smokers), lower mean life satisfaction scores (6.2 compared with 7.5), and each of eight health complaints at least once a week (range = 25–50% compared with 15–21%). These patterns remained significant after adjusting for differences in age, gender, and social class profile (p < .001).ConclusionsThe study demonstrates the potential of developing initiatives, which target smoking in adolescence as opposed to the longer term health effects of smoking which are well known. The findings can be utilized to counteract positive perceptions of smoking among schoolchildren. This, combined with providing supports to help children quit, may help achieve government targets to reduce smoking prevalence.
T cell metabolism in chronic viral infection
Authors: Pallett L J , Schmidt N , Schurich A 
Published: May 2019

Summary
T cells are a fundamental component of the adaptive immune response in the context of both acute and chronic viral infection. Tight control over the metabolic processes within T cells provides an additional level of immune regulation that is interlinked with nutrient sensing and the continued balancing of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals. Underpinning T cell responsiveness for viral control are a number of phenotypic and functional adaptations ensuring adequate nutrient uptake and their utilization. T cells responding to persistent viral infections often exhibit a profile associated with immune cell exhaustion and a dysregulated metabolic profile, driven by a combination of chronic antigenic stimulation and signals from the local microenvironment. Understanding alterations in these metabolic processes provides an important basis for immunotherapeutic strategies to treat persistent infections.
Diabetic eye disease and screening attendance by ethnicity in New Zealand: A systematic review
Authors: Ramke Jacqueline , Jordan Vanessa , Vincent Andrea L. , Harwood Matire , Murphy Rinki , Ameratunga Shanthi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo examine differences in incidence, prevalence and screening for diabetic retinopathy in New Zealand, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL up to 6 December 2018 for observational studies reporting diabetic eye disease or attendance at retinal screening, disaggregated by ethnicity. Two authors separately screened and selected studies, and extracted data. None of the 11 included studies reported data on visual impairment from diabetic retinopathy. All nine studies reporting diabetic eye disease by ethnicity found Pacific people and Māori had higher rates of sight‐threatening disease and lower rates of screening attendance compared to Europeans. Data for Asian people were infrequently reported, but when they were, they also fared worse than Europeans. This review highlights that equity‐focused strategies are needed to address ethnic disparities in eye health among New Zealanders with diabetes. The review also identifies how research methods can be strengthened to enable future calculation of robust disease prevalence estimates.
Tissue integration of zirconia and titanium implants with and without buccal dehiscence defects—A histologic and radiographic preclinical study
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Lim Hyun‐Chang , Paeng Kyeong‐Won , Jung Ui‐Won , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo histologically and radiographically evaluate soft (primary outcome) and hard tissue integration of two‐piece titanium and zirconia dental implants with/without buccal dehiscence defects.Materials & methodsIn six dogs, five implants were randomly placed on both sides of the mandible: (a) Z1: a zirconia implant (modified surface) within the bony housing, (b) Z2: a zirconia implant (standard surface) within the bony housing, (c) T: a titanium implant within the bony housing, (d) Z1_D: a Z1 implant placed with a buccal bone dehiscence (3 mm in height, identical width to implant body), and (e) T_D: a titanium implant placed with a buccal bone dehiscence. Two weeks of healing and 6 months of loading were applied on each hemi‐mandible, respectively.ResultsThe median level of the margo mucosae shifted more apically over time in all groups (borderline statistical significance in groups Z1_D: −0.52 mm and T_D: −1.26 mm). The median height of the peri‐implant mucosa in groups Z1_D and T_D was greatest at 2 weeks and 6 months, but the linear change in the peri‐implant mucosa was statistically significant only for group T_D over time (−1.45 mm). Z1 demonstrated a higher bone‐to‐implant contact compared to Z2 and T. Minimal change of radiographic marginal bone levels in all groups was observed (<1 mm).ConclusionWhen buccal dehiscence was presented, titanium implants presented significant loss of peri‐implant mucosal height compared to zirconia implants with a modified surface, due to greater apical shift of the margo mucosae. A modified zirconia surface enhanced osseointegration.