bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Descriptive Study of Low‐Income Never‐Married Fathers' Coparenting With Mothers and Relatives
Authors: Fagan Jay , Pearson Jessica , Kaufman Rebecca 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThis study was designed to examine low‐income, never‐married fathers' perceptions of their coparenting relationships with mothers and relatives.BackgroundMany low‐income, never‐married fathers have more than one child, and often these children were born to more than one mother. Despite the growing body of research on multipartnered fertility, few studies have examined fathers' coparenting relationships with more than one of their children's mothers. In this study, we examine associations between fathers' coparenting relationships and the number of biological mothers, race or ethnicity, and fathers' challenges.MethodA convenience sample of 487 never‐married, low‐income fathers who had at least one child with whom they did not reside were recruited via numerous fatherhood programs and places in the community where fathers frequently congregate and completed a face‐to‐face survey of closed‐ended items administered by a trained interviewer.ResultsFathers did not coparent with all of their children's mothers, and they reported having more coparenting relatives than coparenting mothers. Fathers' coparenting contact and cooperation with relatives was more common among African American and Hispanic fathers than non‐Hispanic White fathers. Fathers who reported no coparenting mothers had more biological children than fathers with one coparenting partner, and their interpersonal and financial challenges were associated with less coparenting involvement.ConclusionUnderstanding the complex coparenting arrangements of fathers with all of their children's mothers and relatives will provide a better understanding of family systems in low‐income communities with high rates of nonmarital parenting and multipartnered fertility. This includes understanding how these coparenting relationships are associated with fathers' personal challenges, race/ethnicity, and number of biological children.ImplicationsSocial service programs would benefit from assessing coparenting relationships more broadly rather than focusing only on singular father–mother coparenting relationships.
Parental Naming Practices in Same‐Sex Adoptive Families
Authors: Frank Emma L. , Manley Melissa H. , Goldberg Abbie E. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the ways in which same‐sex adoptive parents navigate the process of determining what terms their children will use to address them (i.e., parent names).BackgroundParent names are markers of familial relationships and identity. Different‐sex parents are linguistically privileged in that their parent names are widely recognizable, easily distinguishable between each parent, and usually assigned by default as opposed to chosen, whereas parents in same‐sex couples must go through a deliberate process of choosing parent names. Little is known about the naming process for same‐sex parents.MethodThis qualitative analysis was designed to explore 40 same‐sex adoptive parent couples' approaches to parent naming (20 gay couples, 20 lesbian couples).ResultsMost couples collaboratively selected parallel names (e.g., “Daddy” and “Papa”). Participants drew on traditional mother and father derivatives, as well as their cultural backgrounds and naming trends within queer family communities. Families who adopted older children navigated unique issues.ConclusionThis study adds to the literatures on same‐sex parenting, adoptive parenting, and naming. Families highlighted the perceived importance of parallel names and collaborative naming processes; the consideration of cultural backgrounds and other same‐sex parent families in naming; and naming challenges related to child age, the gender binary, and stigma.ImplicationsResults shed light on various sources and considerations that may shape parent naming, which can inform the work of therapists and other providers who work with same‐sex parent families, particularly during the transition to parenthood.
Severe postpartum haemorrhage as first presenting symptom of an inherited bleeding disorder
Authors: Veen Caroline S. B. , van der Reijken Irene S. , Jansen A. J. Gerard , Schipaanboord Celesta W. A. , Visser Willy , de Maat Moniek P. M. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Duvekot Johannes J. , Kruip Marieke J. H. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionPostpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the major cause of maternal death worldwide. Haemostatic abnormalities are independently associated with a significantly increased risk for severe PPH. In this study, the value of haemostatic evaluation in women with severe PPH was explored.AimTo investigate the occurrence of previously unknown inherited bleeding disorders in women with severe PPH.MethodsWomen with severe PPH (blood loss of ≥2000 mL) between 2011 and 2017, referred to the haematology outpatient clinic for haemostatic evaluation, were retrospectively included. A bleeding disorder was diagnosed based on (inter)national guidelines, or when having a clear bleeding phenotype, not fulfilling any diagnostic criteria or laboratory abnormalities, this being classified as Bleeding of Unknown Cause (BUC). Logistic regression was used to model the association between diagnosis and obstetrical causes and risk factors for PPH.ResultsIn total, 85 women with PPH were included. In 23% (n = 16), a mild bleeding disorder was diagnosed, including low von Willebrand factor (Low VWF 8/16), platelet function disorders (PFD 5/16), BUC (2/16) and von Willebrand disease type 1 (1/16). No significant associations were found between obstetrical causes or risk factors for PPH and the presence of a bleeding disorder.ConclusionIn 23% of women with severe PPH, a mild bleeding disorder was diagnosed, independent of obstetrical causes or risk factors for PPH. This implies that severe PPH can be the first clinical symptom of an inherited bleeding disorder. Therefore, to optimize clinical management, haemostatic evaluation after severe PPH is recommended.
Share the Burden or Pass it on?
Authors: Rudolf Markus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere are numerous explanations for why Tanzania withdrew from theCRRF(Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework). Being aware that the decision was the sum of multiple coinciding factors the article argues that the decisive features were, firstly, a failed dialogue about the basis and the goals ofCRRFbetween the Tanzanian government and theUN(United Nations); secondly, a disillusion on the Tanzanian side related to the history of international cooperation on refugee issues; and thirdly, a perceived contradiction between the goals of theCRRFand domestic policies, specifically in relation to the agenda of national sovereignty propagated by the incumbent Tanzanian government. Numerous publications on the New York declaration, theCRRF, and theGCR(Global Compact on Refugees) have portrayed the evolution of ideas, principles, and political compromises in question. Yet few analyses highlight which core messages were received on the ground or what impact they had on the very people concerned. This article, therefore will touch only briefly on declarations and statements of theUNand instead focus on a bottom‐up perspective.
Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease
Authors: Wong Julius , Layton Daniel , Wheatley Adam K. , Kent Stephen J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFerrets are a well‐established model for studying both the pathogenesis and transmission of human respiratory viruses and evaluation of antiviral vaccines. Advanced immunological studies would add substantial value to the ferret models of disease but are hindered by the low number of ferret‐reactive reagents available for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, progress has been made to understand immune responses in the ferret model with a limited set of ferret‐specific reagents and assays. This review examines current immunological insights gained from the ferret model across relevant human respiratory diseases, with a focus on influenza viruses. We highlight key knowledge gaps that need to be bridged to advance the utility of ferrets for immunological studies.
Learning to cope with everyday instances of social exclusion: A review of emotional and cognitive strategies for children and adolescents
Authors: Timeo Susanna , Riva Paolo , Paladino Maria Paola 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOver 20 years of research has shown that social exclusion is a pervasive and powerful form of social threat. Social exclusion causes a wide variety of negative outcomes including negative emotions and threats to fundamental human needs (i.e., self‐esteem). Most importantly, experiencing exclusion during childhood or adolescence can provoke long‐term negative effects such as depression and anxiety disorders. Despite the growing interest in this domain, only recent studies have started to examine possible coping strategies to contrast the negative effects of exclusion. In this article, we first review the empirical findings concerning the consequences of social exclusion in children and adolescent populations. Second, we focus on cognitive and socio‐emotional strategies that children and adolescents can use to deal with exclusion when it has occurred. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Pro‐peace or anti‐war: The effect of emotions primed by protest songs on emotions toward in‐group and out‐group in conflict
Authors: Ziv Naomi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMembers of societies in conflict hold stable positive and negative views, and emotions of the in‐group and out‐group, respectively. Music is a potent tool to express and evoke emotions. It is a social product created within a social and political context, reflecting, and commenting it. Protest songs aim to change views and attitudes toward ongoing conflicts. Their message may be expressed positively (pro‐peace songs) or negatively (anti‐war songs). Previous research has shown that evoking emotions such as guilt toward the in‐group or empathy toward the out‐group may influence attitudes toward reconciliation. The present research, conducted in Israel, presents three studies investigating whether emotions evoked by positive or negative protest songs may influence in‐group members' guilt toward the in‐group (Israeli Jews) and empathy toward the out‐group (Palestinians). Studies 1 and 2 show that negative emotions evoked by negative protests songs predicted both empathy and guilt when the out‐group is considered as a whole (Study 1) or as a particular individual (Study 2). Study 2 in addition showed that empathy predicts an altruistic decision regarding an out‐group member. Emotions evoked by lyrics alone (Study 3) did not contribute to explained variance in either guilt or empathy, nor the altruistic decision. Results suggest that negative emotions expressed by negative protest songs, focused on the in‐group, are more effective in influencing attitudes toward out‐groups. Results are discussed in the context of group emotions in conflict and the role of protest songs in intergroup relations.
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Marriage Checkup: Depression Outcomes
Authors: Gray Tatiana D. , Hawrilenko Matt , Cordova James V. 
Published: October 2019

The association between relationship functioning and depressive symptoms is well established. This study examined the effects of the Marriage Checkup, a brief two‐session Assessment and Feedback relationship intervention, on depressive symptoms. Two hundred and nine married couples participated in the Marriage Checkup and were randomized into Treatment (N = 108) and Waitlist‐Control Conditions (N = 101). Compared to the control condition, intervention participants reported significant improvements in depressive symptoms (d = 0.55), with an even greater effect for those who were reporting more severe baseline depression symptoms (d = 0.67). These outcomes are comparable to those within long‐term individual psychotherapy, couple therapy, and pharmacology trials, making this the briefest intervention to date to demonstrate significant improvements in depressive symptoms. Clinical implications are discussed.
Plasma neurofilament light chain concentration is increased and correlates with the severity of neuropathy in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Kapoor Mahima , Foiani Martha , Heslegrave Amanda , Zetterberg Henrik , Lunn Michael P. , Malaspina Andrea , Gillmore Julian D. , Rossor Alexander M. , Reilly Mary M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRm) causes a disabling peripheral neuropathy as part of a multisystem disorder. The recent development of highly effective gene silencing therapies has highlighted the need for effective biomarkers of disease activity to guide the decision of when to start and stop treatment. In this study, we measured plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) concentration in 73 patients with ATTR and found that pNfL was significantly raised in ATTRm patients with peripheral neuropathy compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, pNFL correlated with disease severity as defined by established clinical outcome measures in patients for whom this information was available. These findings suggest a potential role of pNfL in monitoring disease activity and progression in ATTRm patients.
Characterization of blackleg and soft rot from potato in northern Thailand
Authors: Kumvinit Athidtaya , Akarapisan Angsana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBlackleg and soft rot of potato cause economic loss through reduced yield and quality. The causal agents of bacterial blackleg and soft rot of potato were identified based on biological data and sequence analyses of the 16S rDNA gene. Between 2016 and 2018, diseased potato stems and tubers were collected in Chai Prakan District, Chiang Mai Province, and Chiang Khum District, Pa Yao Province. The symptoms included black stem lesions, soft rot on tubers, wilting, break down of the stem vascular ring and foliar yellowing. Of 13 bacterial isolates, five were identified asPectobacterium carotovorumsubsp.brasiliense, four‐Dickeya dadantii, two‐Pseudomonas putidaand two‐Bacillus altitudinis. Pathogenicity tests ofP. carotovorumsubsp.brasilienseandD. dadantiiresulted in lower leaves turning yellow and wilting followed by blackleg symptoms on lower stems and maceration of tuber tissue. Symptoms caused byP. putidawere yellowing and wilting of leaves.B. altitudiniscaused yellowing of the lower leaves and wilting followed by drying of leaf tissue. This is a first report of these bacterial pathogens causing blackleg and soft rot of potato in Thailand.
Juvenile‐onset and adult‐onset demodicosis in dogs in the UK: prevalence and breed associations
Authors: O'Neill D. G. , Turgoose E. , Church D. B. , Brodbelt D. C. , Hendricks A. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo explore epidemiological features of demodicosis relevant to UK veterinary general practitioners. Breed risk factors were proposed as distinct between juvenile‐onset and adult‐onset disease.Materials and MethodsThe study used anonymised clinical data on dogs under primary veterinary care at practices enrolled in the UK VetCompass Programme. Case inclusion required recording of a final demodicosis diagnosis for a dermatological condition that was present during the 2013 study period. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling.ResultsIn dogs aged <2 years (juvenile‐onset), the 1‐year period prevalence was 0.48% (95% confidence interval: 0.45 to 0.52). Compared with crossbred dogs, seven breeds showed increased odds of diagnosis with demodex: British bulldog, Staffordshire bull terrier, Chinese shar‐pei, dogue de Bordeaux, pug, French bulldog and boxer. Additionally, six breeds showed reduced odds of juvenile demodicosis: Lhasa apso, bichon frise, Labrador retriever, German shepherd dog, shih‐tzu and Chihuahua. In dogs aged >4 years (adult‐onset), the 1‐year period prevalence was 0.05% (95% confidence interval: 0.0.04 to 0.06). Six breeds showed increased odds of demodicosis compared with crossbred dogs: Chinese shar‐pei, shih‐tzu, West Highland white terrier, pug, boxer and Border terrier.Clinical SignificanceJuvenile‐onset demodicosis is much more common (about 10 times higher) than the adult‐onset form. Knowledge of the predisposed breeds for these two presentations can assist with diagnosis and support the concept of distinct aetiopathogenetic phenotypes.
Does geographical isolation influence group recognition and social preference in an invasive lizard?
Authors: Hamilton Katelyn , Goulet Celine T. , Johnstone Christopher P. , Chapple David G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe formation of aggregations is fundamental to animal organization and has been shown to confer an evolutionary advantage. Conspecific attraction often prompts the formation of social groups yet not all individuals are equally attracted to others of their own species. The decision to aggregate with or avoid a particular individual is based upon class‐specific signals that serve to differentiate among members and non‐members. Given that signal divergence may be driven by local adaptation, disjunct populations could potentially have evolved distinct recognition systems adapted to their own ecological conditions. Several studies have shown that individuals of a species are capable of discriminating between such classes as sex, mate, kin, and familiar. Yet research exploring conspecific attraction between populations is lacking. Invasive species offer a unique opportunity to determine the consequences of geographic isolation on recognition systems and social preferences, as these genetically distinct native‐range source populations have the potential to undergo secondary contact within the invaded region. To this end, we used an invasive lizard species, the delicate skink (Lampropholis delicata), to investigate conspecific recognition and attraction among individuals from two identified source populations that vary both genetically and morphologically. Our results of the dichotomous choice tests indicate that L. delicata did not differ in the level of social attraction expressed towards individuals from either population. It is unclear whether these findings are due to an inability to discriminate between local and foreign lizards using visual cues or instead that attraction is not based upon an individual's population origin but rather some other factor such as thermoregulatory requirements. Understanding the role that conspecific attraction plays in the invasion process will enable us to better predict the impacts of biological invasions. Future studies should consider using other sensory modalities and investigate the physiological benefit of grouping.
Patient diaries: Survey of paediatric intensive care units in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Authors: Lynch Fiona , Endacott Ruth , Latour Jos M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to explore the incidence, use, and scope of patient diaries in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in the United Kingdom and Ireland.DesignThis was an electronic survey sent to 30 PICUs in the United Kingdom and Ireland.ResultsAll PICUs (n = 30) responded, and 43% (n = 13) offered diaries. For those units that did not supply diaries, the reasons given were concerns around the legal and professional implication of using diaries. Parental/carer consent to use a diary was obtained informally (79%, n = 11), and once there was agreement to provide a diary to parents, diaries were usually started immediately (72%, n = 12). Parents were the main contributors to the diaries (94%, n = 17), and the diaries were populated with photographs (94%, n = 15), drawings (100%, n = 16), and stickers (94%, n = 15). The reasons for offering diaries were to fill gaps in memories, to engage with families, and to explain what has happened in lay language. The owner of the diary was reported to be the family (82%, n = 14) and the child (12%, n = 2).ConclusionsThe use of patient diaries is an evolving intervention in paediatric intensive care settings in the United Kingdom and Ireland. This national survey has provided a clearer picture of how this intervention is used in the United Kingdom and Ireland. PICU patient diaries are used in a significant number of units, and how these are used is relatively standardized, although in some different ways from general ICUs.Relevance to clinical practiceThis survey provides a baseline for future exploration, understanding, and promotion of patient diaries, as a well evaluated tool for the critically ill child and his or her family.
Effectiveness of gastric electrical stimulation in gastroparesis: Results from a large prospectively collected database of national gastroparesis registries
Authors: Abell Thomas L. , Yamada Goro , McCallum Richard W. , Van Natta Mark L. , Tonascia James , Parkman Henry P. , Koch Kenneth L. , Sarosiek Irene , Farrugia Gianrico , Grover Madhusudan , Hasler William , Nguyen Linda , Snape William , Kuo Braden , Shulman Robert , Hamilton Frank A. , Pasricha Pankaj J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGastric electrical stimulation (GES) for treating gastroparesis symptoms is controversial.MethodsWe studied 319 idiopathic or diabetic gastroparesis symptom patients from the Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (GpCRC) observational studies: 238 without GES and 81 with GES. We assessed the effects of GES using change in GCSI total score and nausea/vomiting subscales between baseline and 48 weeks. We used propensity score methods to control for imbalances in patient characteristics between comparison groups.Key ResultsGES patients were clinically worse (40% severe vs. 18% for non‐GES; P < .001); worse PAGI‐QOL (2.2. vs. 2.6; P = .003); and worse GCSI total scores (3.5 vs. 2.8; P < .001). We observed improvements in 48‐week GCSI total scores for GES vs. non‐GES: improvement by ≥ 1‐point (RR = 1.63; 95% CI = (1.14, 2.33); P = .01) and change from enrollment (difference = −0.5 (−0.8, −0.3); P < .001). When adjusting for patient characteristics, symptom scores were smaller and not statistically significant: improvement by ≥ 1‐point (RR = 1.29 (0.88, 1.90); P = .20) and change from the enrollment (difference = −0.3 (−0.6, 0.0); P = .07). Of the individual items, the nausea improved by ≥ 1 point (RR = 1.31 (1.03, 1.67); P = .04). Patients with GCSI score ≥ 3.0 tended to improve more than those with score < 3.0. (Adjusted P = 0.02).Conclusions and InferencesThis multicenter study of gastroparesis patients found significant improvements in gastroparesis symptoms among GES patients. Accounting for imbalances in patient characteristics, only nausea remained significant. Patients with greater symptoms at baseline improved more after GES. A much larger sample of patients is needed to fully evaluate symptomatic responses and to identify patients likely to respond to GES.