bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic differences in insulin secretory function between black African and white European men with early type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mohandas Cynthia , Bonadonna Riccardo , Shojee‐Moradie Fariba , Jackson Nicola , Boselli Linda , Alberti K. George M. M. , Peacock Janet L. , Umpleby A. Margot , Amiel Stephanie A. , Goff Louise M. 
Published: March 2018

AimTo test the hypothesis that men of black (West) African ethnicity (black African men [BAM]) with early type 2 diabetes (T2D) would have greater insulin secretory deficits compared with white European men (WEM), following prediabetic hypersecretion.MethodsIn 19 BAM and 15 WEM, matched for age, body mass index and duration of diabetes, we assessed and modelled insulin secretory responses to hyperglycaemia stimulated intravenously (hyperglycaemic clamp) and orally (meal tolerance test).ResultsWith similar post‐challenge glucose responses, BAM had lower second‐phase C‐peptide responses to intravenous glucose (BAM 70.6 vs WEM 115.1 nmol/L/min [ratio of geometric mean 0.55, 95% confidence interval {CI} 0.37, 0.83];P= .006) and to oral glucose (BAM 65.4 vs WEM 88.5 nmol/L/min [mean difference −23.2, 95% CI −40.0, −6.3];P= .009). Peripheral insulin response in BAM to oral glucose was preserved (BAM 47.4 vs WEM 59.4 nmol/L/min [ratio of geometric mean 0.89, 95% CI 0.59, 1.35];P= .566), with relative reductions in insulin clearance (BAM 506.2 vs WEM 630.1 mL/m2BSA/min [mean difference −123.9, 95% CI −270.5, 22.6];P= .095), associated with enhanced incretin responses (gastric inhibitory polypeptide incremental area under the curve: BAM 46.8 vs WEM 33.9 μg/L/min [mean difference 12.9, 95% CI 2.1, 23.7];P= .021).ConclusionsIn early T2D, BAM had significantly lower insulin secretory responses to intravenous and oral stimulation than WEM. Lower insulin clearance, potentially driven by increased incretin responses, may act to preserve peripheral insulin concentrations. Tailoring early management strategies to reflect distinct ethnic‐specific pathophysiology may improve outcomes in this high‐risk population.
What's Meat Got to Do with It? Some Considerations for Ecologizing Education with Respect to Diet
Authors: Rice Suzanne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEven in a society of meat‐eaters such as the United States, when diet is addressed in school at all, it is widely treated as matter of personal choice, the consequences of which are borne by individual consumers. Overlooked are myriad connections involved in human diet and the implications of consumption for other entities. In the first part of this essay, Suzanne Rice discusses ways in which diet, particularly meat‐eating, is connected to animal suffering, environmental harms including climate change and pollution, and risks to the health of agricultural workers and consumers. In the second part, she discusses ways in which education might be “ecologized” in efforts to help students gain insight into such connections. There are many ways to ecologize education, but regardless of how teachers proceed, they are likely to encounter not only simple ignorance, relatively unproblematic gaps in students' knowledge linked to youth and inexperience, but also willful ignorance, more problematic gaps linked to avoidance, manipulation, or rejection of evidence perceived as threatening.
Connectivity Thinking, Animism, and the Pursuit of Liveliness
Authors: Rose Deborah Bird 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this essay, Deborah Bird Rose takes up Val Plumwood's challenge that Western thought needs radical revitalization by pursuing the liveliness of the biosphere and human ontologies of connectivity. The first part looks at obstacles to the West's understanding of Earth as a place of lively, interactive connectivities that promote diversity, complexity, and relationality. In this context Rose offers a brief overview of Indigenous animisms. The second part explores the question of liveliness. It is taken as given that the West now seeks ontological legitimacy in science, and so this discussion focuses on what biological scientists have contributed to contemporary ontology wars. The third part examines trauma in the Garden of Eden narrative, highlighting both the disaster of the story and its continuing relevance. Drawing on the work of theologians, in particular, Rose seeks in this section to recuperate a mythic foundation for a Western animism from within that great site of loss.
Predators in the plant–soil feedback loop: aboveground plant‐associated predators may alter the outcome of plant–soil interactions
Authors: Smith‐Ramesh Lauren M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPlant–soil feedback (PSF) can structure plant communities, promoting coexistence (negative PSF) or monodominance (positive PSF). At higher trophic levels, predators can alter plant community structure by re‐allocating resources within habitats. When predator and plant species are spatially associated, predators may alter the outcome of PSF. Here, I explore the influence of plant‐associated predators on PSF using a generalised cellular automaton model that tracks nutrients, plants, herbivores and predators. I explore key contingencies in plant–predator associations such as whether predators associate with live vs. senesced vegetation. Results indicate that plant‐associated predators shift PSF to favour the host plant when predators colonise live vegetation, but the outcome of PSF will depend upon plant dispersal distance when predators colonise dead vegetation. I apply the model to two spider‐associated invasive plants, finding that spider predators should shift PSF dynamics in a way that inhibits invasion by one forest invader, but exacerbates invasion by another.
Transcriptomic analysis of FUCA1 knock‐down in keratinocytes reveals new insights into the pathogenesis of fucosidosis skin lesions
Authors: Valero‐Rubio Danyela , Jiménez Karen Marcela , Fonseca Dora Janeth , Payán‐Gómez César , Laissue Paul 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease which has been classified into two subtypes, depending on the severity of clinical signs and symptoms. Fucosidosis patients’ skin abnormalities include angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, widespread telangiectasia, thick skin, hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis, acrocyanosis and distal transverse nail bands. It has been described that >50% of fucosidosis patients have angiokeratoma. At molecular level, fucosidosis is caused by lysosomal alpha‐L‐fucosidase (FUCA1) gene mutations. Obtaining samples for functional studies has been challenging due to the inherent difficulty in finding affected individuals. The effect of FUCA1 dysfunction on gene expression is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse, in keratinocytes, the transcriptomic effect of FUCA1 knock‐down for a better understanding of skin lesions’ pathogenesis affecting fucosidosis patients. FUCA1 knock‐down (siRNA) was performed in human HaCaT immortalised keratinocytes. Affymetrix arrays and qPCR were used for analysing gene expression. Bioinformatics was used for functional clustering of modified genes. In total, 387 genes showed differential expression between FUCA1 silenced and non‐silenced cells (222 up‐regulated and 165 down‐regulated). Up‐regulated genes belonged to two major groups: keratinocyte differentiation/epidermal development (n = 17) and immune response (n = 61). Several transcription factors were up‐regulated in FUCA1‐siRNA transfected cells. This effect might partly have been produced by abnormal transcription factor expression, that is FOXN1. We thus propose that fucosidosis‐related skin lesions (eg angiokeratoma) and those of other diseases (eg psoriasis) might be caused by dysfunctions in common aetiological overlapping molecular cascades.
Resilience among Nigerian transnational parents in the Netherlands: a strength‐based approach to migration and transnational parenting
Authors: BERCKMOES LIDEWYDE H. , MAZZUCATO VALENTINA 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this article, we adopt a strength‐based approach to transnational parenting. Recent studies have shown that not all transnational parents have a negative sense of well‐being. Here, we explore parental resilience over a lifespan to understand how mothers and fathers alleviate the strain of spatial separation from their children. Having established from a quantitative study on the same group that neither men nor women necessarily suffer emotionally from separation from their children, we report the findings of a qualitative study on 18 Nigerian men and women in the Netherlands. We look at the strategies and resources that parents employ to overcome the challenges of migration and transnational parenting, to forge a sense of identity and belonging in a migratory context, to ‘do family’ while spatially separated, to deal with the difficult life events associated with migration, and to maintain a sense of agency amid stringent migration regulations. By revealing the importance of cultural and individual resources in fostering resilience, the contribution of our study is to the literature on the influence of structural factors in the promotion of well‐being.
CBT for Pediatric Migraine: A Qualitative Study of Patient and Parent Experience
Authors: Kroon Van Diest Ashley M. , Ernst Michelle M. , Vaughn Lisa , Slater Shalonda , Powers Scott W. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine which cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT‐HA) treatment components pediatric headache patient stakeholders would report to be most helpful and essential to reducing headache frequency and related disability to develop a streamlined, less burdensome treatment package that would be more accessible to patients and families.BackgroundPediatric migraine is a prevalent and disabling condition. CBT‐HA has been shown to reduce headache frequency and related disability, but may not be readily available or accepted by many migraine sufferers due to treatment burden entailed. Research is needed to determine systematic ways of reducing barriers to CBT‐HA.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with 10 patients and 9 of their parents who had undergone CBT‐HA. Interviews were analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis approach based upon modified grounded theory. Patients were 13‐17.5 years of age (M = 15.4, SD = 1.63) and had undergone CBT‐HA ∼1‐2 years prior to participating in the study.ResultsOverall, patients and their parents reported that CBT‐HA was helpful in reducing headache frequency and related disability. Although patients provided mixed reports on the effectiveness of different CBT‐HA skills, the majority of patients indicated that the mind and body relaxation skills of CBT‐HA (deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and activity pacing in particular) were the most helpful and most frequently used skills. Patients and parents also generally reported that treatment was easy to learn, and noted at least some aspect of treatment was enjoyable.ConclusionsResults from these qualitative interviews indicate that mind and body CBT‐HA relaxation skills emerged as popular and effective based on patient and parent report. Future research examining the effectiveness of streamlined pediatric migraine nonpharmacological interventions should include these patient‐preferred skills.
The impact of menopause on the sexual health of Chinese Cantonese women: A mixed methods study
Authors: Wong Eliza L.Y. , Huang Fenwei , Cheung Annie W.L. , Wong Carmen K.M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsThis study explored the impact of menopause on sexual health and marital relationships, the associated factors and the support needed among middle‐aged and older women.BackgroundAlthough women experiencing menopause are more vulnerable to sexual health and marital problems, few studies have addressed this topic.DesignA mixed methods design was used, comprising primarily quantitative methods with a qualitative component to evaluate the impact of menopause on sexual health.MethodsEligible women from community‐based women centre in Hong Kong were recruited for a survey. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to evaluate sexual function and risk factors for developing sexual dysfunction. Purposively selected women were invited to participate in in‐depth individual interviews to explore the impact of menopause on sexual health, the barriers encountered and the desired support.FindingsIn total, 540 respondents completed the survey with response rate of 59.7% where 30 respondents participated in the in‐depth individual interview. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in the overall respondents and postmenopause were 85.1% and 91.2% respectively. Depression was found as a strong factor associated with sexual dysfunction. The qualitative data showed that menopause had a considerable negative impact on women's sexual lives. Vaginal dryness and low sexual desire were most commonly reported. Knowledge, financial support and family understanding were important to helping women manage menopause.ConclusionThis study gives further knowledge for healthcare providers and policy makers to develop appropriate strategies and deliver suitable services to improve the quality of sexual health of menopausal women.
The Relationship Among Change Fatigue, Resilience, and Job Satisfaction of Hospital Staff Nurses
Authors: Brown Robin , Wey Howard , Foland Kay 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine relationships between change fatigue, resilience, and job satisfaction among novice and seasoned hospital staff nurses.BackgroundHealth care is typified by change. Frequent and vast changes in acute care hospitals can take a toll on nurses and cause change fatigue, which has been largely overlooked and under‐researched.Design and MethodA descriptive correlational design was employed with 521 hospital staff nurses in one midwestern state. Participants completed three online surveys: (a) Change Fatigue Scale, (b) Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, and (c) McCloskey/Mueller Satisfaction Scale.FindingsIn a multiple regression model, job satisfaction had a statistically significant negative association with change fatigue (p < .001) and significant positive association with resilience (p < .001). A linear trend was found with hospital size (number of beds) and change fatigue (p = .001) and education level and resilience (p = .03).ConclusionsThe results are consistent with job satisfaction among hospital nursing staff being negatively influenced by change fatigue and positively influenced by resilience, although reverse causal connections are also possible. Change fatigue may be increased by larger hospital size (number of beds), and resilience may be increased by higher educational level of hospital staff nurses.Clinical RelevanceThe study advanced the nursing knowledge on change fatigue, resilience, and job satisfaction of staff nurses working in acute care hospitals. Engaging in strategies aimed at preventing change fatigue in nursing staff can enhance workplace environments, job satisfaction, and retention of nurses.
Beliefs and implementation of evidence‐based practice among community health nurses: A cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Pereira Filipa , Pellaux Victoria , Verloo Henk 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo describe beliefs about evidence‐based practice and record levels of implementation among community health nurses working independently and in community healthcare centres in the canton of Valais, Switzerland.BackgroundIn many settings, evidence‐based practice is considered a key means of delivering better and secure health care. However, there is a paucity of published studies on the implementation of evidence‐based practice in community health care.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive study (n = 100).MethodsBeliefs about evidence‐based practice and levels of implementation were measured using validated scales developed by Melnyk et al. (Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing, 5, 2008, 208). Information on respondents’ sociodemographic and professional characteristics was collected. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.ResultsThe final response rate was 32.3% (n = 100). More than half of respondents had previously heard about evidence‐based practice; most believed in the value of using evidence to guide their practice and were prepared to improve their skills to be able to do so. However, the rate of implementation of evidence‐based practice in daily practice in the 8 weeks before the survey was poor. Statistically significant positive associations were found between beliefs about evidence‐based practice and how respondents had heard about it and between implementation rates and whether they had heard about evidence‐based practice and how they had done so. Evidence‐based practices requiring scientific knowledge and skills were implemented less frequently. Greater professional community healthcare experience and management roles did not increase implementation of evidence‐based practice.ConclusionsThe systematic implementation of evidence‐based practice by community health nurses working independently and in healthcare centres in Valais was rare, despite their positive beliefs about it.Relevance to clinical practiceThese results revealed the level of implementation of evidence‐based practice by nurses in community healthcare settings in Valais. Further research is required to better understand their needs and expectations and to develop suitable strategies that will allow the integration of evidence‐based practice into nurses’ daily practice.
Attributions of victim blame in stranger and acquaintance rape: A quantitative study
Authors: Persson Sofia , Dhingra Katie , Grogan Sarah 
Published: March 2018

Aims and objectivesTo, on a sample of nurses and the general public, examine whether victim blame varies according to level of familiarly between victim and perpetrator. It also examines how Ambivalent Sexism and Rape Myth Acceptance impact on this.BackgroundAround one in five women will be victims of sexual assault during their lifetime. The majority are acquaintance rapes, and these victims are generally attributed more blame than victims of stranger rape. Research indicates that nurses hold similar attitudes on gender roles and victim blame as do the general public.MethodsEighty‐one participants read a story depicting a sexual assault of a woman by either a stranger or an acquaintance and completed scales measuring victim blame, Ambivalent Sexism and Rape Myth Acceptance.ResultsThe results of this study indicated that victim–perpetrator relationship, Benevolent Sexism, Hostile Sexism and whether the participant was a nurse contributed to the variance in attributed victim blame. Hierarchical regressions revealed that whether or not the participant was a nurse contributed to the variance in victim blame in the acquaintance rape condition, and Hostile Sexism and Benevolent Sexism contributed to the variance in victim blame in the stranger rape condition.ConclusionsThis paper gives a novel insight into attitudes involved in victim blame in rape cases and makes a unique comparison between nurses and the general public. Findings suggest that victim blame correlates primarily with aggressively sexist attitudes and that nurses generally attribute more blame to the victim of acquaintance rape.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study has practical implications for the provision of medical services for victims of sexual assault, as it highlights problems in identifying and accessing rape victims, as well as recommending the sexual assault training of all practicing nurses.
Increased serum PCSK9, a potential biomarker to screen for periodontitis, and decreased total bilirubin associated with probing depth in a Japanese community survey
Authors: Tabeta K. , Hosojima M. , Nakajima M. , Miyauchi S. , Miyazawa H. , Takahashi N. , Matsuda Y. , Sugita N. , Komatsu Y. , Sato K. , Ishikawa T. , Akiishi K. , Yamazaki K. , Kato K. , Saito A. , Yoshie H. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesPrevious reports suggest that several serum biomarkers play roles in the pathogenesis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in periodontitis caused by bacterial infections, linking chronic periodontitis to atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD). The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate, in a Japanese cross‐sectional community survey, potential serum biomarkers of periodontitis that are associated with ASVD and chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsThe study cohort included a total of 108 male subjects who underwent annual health examinations. Serum biomarkers (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein [hs‐CRP], proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 [PCSK9], interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, soluble CD14, myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinase‐3, adiponectin, total bilirubin [TBIL], and serum lipids) were analyzed to determine their association (if any) with periodontal parameters. Aortic stiffness was evaluated using the brachial‐ankle aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) index and the cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI).ResultsThe concentrations of PCSK9 and hs‐CRP were increased (P = .001 and .042, respectively), and the concentration of TBIL was decreased (P = .046), in subjects with periodontal disease (determined as a probing depth of ≥4 mm in at least one site) compared with periodontally healthy subjects. The ratio of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and the concentrations of triglycerides, remnant‐like particles‐cholesterol, and oxidized LDL were elevated in subjects with periodontal disease compared with periodontally healthy subjects (P = .038, .007, .002, and .049, respectively). Multivariate regression analyses indicated that the number of sites with a pocket depth of ≥4 mm was associated with the concentration of PCSK9 and inversely associated with the concentration of TBIL independently (standardized β = .243, P = .040; standardized β = −.443, P = .0002; respectively). Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves of PCSK9 indicated moderate accuracy for predicting the presence of disease sites (probing depth ≥ 4 mm) (area under the curve = 0.740). No significance in the values of PWV and CAVI was observed between subjects with periodontal disease and periodontally healthy subjects.ConclusionIn Japanese male subjects, the concentrations of serum PCSK9 and TBIL were correlated with periodontal parameters. Moreover, PCSK9 could be a candidate biomarker for diagnosing chronic periodontitis, and may also have potential to evaluate the risk for periodontitis to cause ASVD. Longitudinal studies of larger populations are necessary to confirm the exact association of periodontitis with increased serum PCSK9 and decreased TBIL.