bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive Effects by Black Raspberries of Endometrial Carcinoma Initiation and Promotion Induced by a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Huang Yi‐Wen , Chen Jo‐Hsin , Rader Janet S. , Aguilera‐Barrantes Irene , Wang Li‐Shu 
Published: April 2019

ScopeThe chemopreventive effects of black raspberries (BRBs) have not been studied in endometrial tumorigenesis. Here, they are examined in a mouse model of endometrial cancer.Methods and resultsWild‐type and Pten heterozygous (+/−) female mice are weaned at 3 weeks and fed with four AIN‐93G diets: 93G; 93G+5% BRBs powder; high‐fat (HF); and HF+5% BRBs. Body weight and diet consumption are recorded weekly until the mice are euthanized at 28 weeks of age. Mice fed with HF diets are found to significantly gain body weight over time. BRBs are not found to affect the development of obesity. Mice in the HF+BRBs group consume less food than the HF‐only mice. HF+BRBs diets suppress uterine tumor initiation and promotion more than the HF‐only diet by inhibiting cell proliferation. It also reduces HF‐induced levels of plasma leptin and 17β‐estradiol (E2). Urolithin A, a metabolite of BRBs, suppresses cell proliferation induced by leptin and E2.ConclusionBRBs are preventive in HF‐mediated uterine tumorigenesis because they suppress cell growth and plasma leptin and E2 levels.
Dynamic changes to claudins in the uterine epithelial cells of the marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata (Dasyuridae) during pregnancy
Authors: Buddle Alice L. , Thompson Michael B. , Lindsay Laura A. , Murphy Christopher R. , Whittington Camilla M. , McAllan Bronwyn M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe fluid that surrounds the embryo in the uterus contains important nourishing factors and secretions. To maintain the distinct microenvironment in the uterine lumen, the tight junctions between uterine epithelial cells are remodeled to decrease paracellular movement of molecules and solutes. Modifications to tight junctions between uterine epithelial cells is a common feature of pregnancy in eutherian mammals, regardless of placental type. Here we used immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot analysis to describe distributional changes to tight junctional proteins, claudin‐1, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐5, in the uterine epithelial cells of a marsupial species, Sminthopsis crassicaudata. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed claudin‐1, ‐3, and ‐5 in the tight junctions of the uterine epithelium of S. crassicaudata during pregnancy. These specific claudins are associated with restricting passive movement of fluid between epithelial cells in eutherians. Hence, their function during pregnancy in S. crassicaudata may be to maintain the uterine luminal content surrounding developing embryos. Claudin‐4 disappears from all uterine regions of S. crassicaudata at the time of implantation, in contrast with the distribution of this claudin in some eutherian mammals. We conclude that like eutherian mammals, distributional changes to claudins in the uterine epithelial cells of S. crassicaudata are necessary to support pregnancy. However, the combination of individual claudin isoforms in the tight junctions of the uterine epithelium of S. crassicaudata differs from that of eutherian mammals. Our findings suggest that the precise permeability of the paracellular pathway of the uterine epithelium is species‐specific.
Volumetric abdominal perfusion measurement using a pseudo‐randomly sampled 3D fast‐spin‐echo (FSE) arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequence and compressed sensing reconstruction
Authors: Taso Manuel , Zhao Li , Guidon Arnaud , Litwiller Daniel V. , Alsop David C. 
Published: April 2019

PurposeTo improve image quality and spatial coverage for abdominal perfusion imaging by implementing an arterial spin labeling (ASL) sequence that combines variable‐density 3D fast‐spin‐echo (FSE) with Cartesian trajectory and compressed‐sensing (CS) reconstruction.MethodsA volumetric FSE sequence was modified to include background‐suppressed pseudo‐continuous ASL labeling and to support variable‐density (VD) Poisson‐disk sampling for acceleration. We additionally explored the benefits of center oversampling and variable outer k‐space sampling. Fourteen healthy volunteers were scanned on a 3T scanner to test acceleration factors as well as the various sampling schemes described under synchronized‐breathing to limit motion issues. A CS reconstruction was implemented using the BART toolbox to reconstruct perfusion‐weighted ASL volumes, assessing the impact of acceleration, different reconstruction, and sampling strategies on image quality.ResultsCS acceleration is feasible with ASL, and a strong renal perfusion signal could be observed even at very high acceleration rates (≈15). We have shown that ASL k‐space complex subtraction was desirable before CS reconstruction. Although averaging of multiple highly accelerated images helped to reduce artifacts from physiologic fluctuations, superior image quality was achieved by interleaving of different highly undersampled pseudo‐random spatial sampling patterns and using 4D‐CS reconstruction. Combination of these enhancements produces high‐quality ASL volumes in under 5 min.ConclusionsHigh‐quality isotropic ASL abdominal perfusion volumes can be obtained in healthy volunteers with a VD‐FSE and CS reconstruction. This lays the groundwork for future developments toward whole abdomen free‐breathing non‐contrast perfusion imaging.
Malnutrition in Children With Chronic Disease
Authors: Larson‐Nath Catherine , Goday Praveen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMalnutrition occurs when nutrient intake does not meet the needs for normal body functions and as a consequence leads to alterations of growth and development in children. Chronic illness puts children at risk for developing malnutrition. Because of children's rapid periods of growth and development, early diagnosis, prevention, and management of malnutrition are paramount. The reasons for malnutrition in children with chronic disease are multifactorial and are related to the underlying disease and non‐illness‐associated factors. This review addresses the causes, evaluation, and management of malnutrition in pediatric congenital heart disease, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, and cystic fibrosis.
The impact of alkyl tri‐methyl ammonium side chains on perfluorinated ionic membranes for electrochemical applications
Authors: Divekar Ashutosh G. , Kuo Mei‐Chen , Park Andrew M. , Motz Andrew R. , Page‐Belknap Zachary S. , Owczarczyk Zbyslaw , Long Hai , Seifert Soenke , Maupin Christopher Mark , Yandrasits Michael A. , Yang Yuan , Pivovar Bryan S. , Herring Andrew M. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThree different perfluorinated type polymers as anion exchange membranes for electrochemical applications were studied. They have a sulfonamide linkage to a spacer methylene chain attached to a tri‐methyl ammonium cation, specifically using a three carbon spacer chain (PFAEM_H_C3), and methylated imide polymers with three (PFAEM_CH3_C3) and six carbon spacer chain (PFAEM_CH3_C6). There are significant number of zwitterionic side chains in the PFAEM_H_C3 polymer and very few in the PFAEM_CH3_C3 or the PFAEM_CH3_C6 polymer. They have similar halide conductivity, but the PFAEM_CH3_C6 showed highest OH− conductivity, 122 mS cm−1 at 80 °C and 95% RH. The larger spacer chain polymer, PFAEM_CH3_C6 has a higher water uptake value (λ = 9) compared to PFAEM_CH3_C3(λ = 7) at 60 °C and 95% RH in the Cl− form. Therefore, it has a larger domain spacing of 4.9 nm versus 4.1 nm from small angle X‐ray scattering data. The polymer was characterized by FTIR and DFT was used to fully assign the spectra. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 700–712
Pessimism predicts anxiety and depression in breast cancer survivors: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Faye‐Schjøll Hege Hovd , Schou-Bredal Inger 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the prevalence of anxiety and depression at diagnosis and at 1, 3, and 5 years after breast cancer diagnosis. We hypothesized that a low level of optimism (pessimism) at diagnosis could predict change in anxiety and depression 5 years later.MethodsThree hundred sixty‐seven women with operable breast cancer were included, and data were collected at all five‐time points for 293 of these. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Dispositional optimism/pessimism was measured using the Life Orientation Test–Revised (LOT–R). Frequency analysis was used to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression. Logistic regression was used to examine dispositional optimism/pessimism as a predictor of change in anxiety and depression 5 years after diagnosis.ResultsThe prevalence rates of anxiety and depression 5 years after diagnosis were 26.3% and 9.6%, respectively. Predictors of change in anxiety 5 years after diagnosis were pessimism (odds ratio [OR] = 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76‐0.89, P < .001); younger age (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93‐0.99, P = .005); and anxiety at diagnosis (OR = 2.41; 95% CI: 1.33‐4.37, P = .004). Predictors of change in depression 5 years after diagnosis were pessimism (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77‐0.94, P < .001) and comorbidity (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.10‐2.06, P = 0.01).ConclusionAnxiety and depression did not decrease after the first postoperative year. Pessimism was a predictor of change in both anxiety and depression 5 years after breast cancer diagnosis.
Beliefs that contribute to delays in diagnosis of prostate cancer among Afro‐Caribbean men in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: King‐Okoye Michelle , Arber Anne , Faithfull Sara 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore Trinidad and Tobago (TT) men's prediagnosis experiences of prostate cancer (PCa). This study is part of a wider project that examined men and their partners' experiences of routes to diagnosis for PCa in TT.MethodsMen (n = 51) were voluntarily recruited to semi‐structured interviews from four centres. Data were analysed following principles of grounded theory.ResultsMajor barriers to medical help seeking were highlighted as lack of knowledge and awareness of the prostate gland and symptoms of PCa, the digital rectal exam (DRE), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), cultural and religious beliefs, and hegemonic masculinity norms and nonreporting of bodily changes to GPs. Fear of DRE, distrust in providers, and misinterpretation of bodily changes as related to ageing and diabetes mellitus also contributed to delays towards seeking medical help. Men's interactions with pharmacists and traditional healers lengthened the time taken to consult with health care providers for prostate concerns.ConclusionsTT men's PCa prediagnosis experiences are important to unearth barriers and facilitators to care along routes to diagnosis for this disease. This can help target specific health promotion strategies to motivate men to seek medical care for symptoms in a timely manner.
Trp‐1999‐Ser mutation of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase and cytochrome P450s‐involved metabolism confer resistance to fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl in Polypogon fugax
Authors: Zhao Ning , Ge Lu'an , Yan Yanyan , Bai Shuang , Wang Dandan , Liu Weitang , Wang Jinxin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAsia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.) is an invasive grass species severely infesting wheat and canola fields in China. In May 2017, a suspected resistant P. fugax population AHHY that survived fenoxaprop‐P‐ethyl applied at its field‐recommended rate was collected from a wheat field in Huaiyuan County, Anhui Province, China. This study aimed to determine the resistance profile of AHHY to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors and to investigate its mechanisms of resistance to fenoxaprop.RESULTSSingle‐dose testing indicated that the AHHY population had evolved resistance to fenoxaprop. The partial carboxyltransferase domain of ACCase in P. fugax was amplified and compared. Four loci encoding plastidic ACCase were isolated from both the resistant and sensitive individuals. Combining gene sequencing with the derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence assay, we found that 100% of the plants of AHHY carried Trp‐1999‐Ser mutation in their ACCase1,1–2 allele. Whole‐plant dose–response bioassay indicated that AHHY was highly resistant to fenoxaprop and pinoxaden (resistance index (RI) ≥ 10) with low resistance to clodinafop‐propargyl, sethoxydim, and clethodim (2 ≤ RI < 5). Pre‐treatment with piperonyl butoxide largely reduced (55%) the weed's resistance to fenoxaprop. Both basal and fenoxaprop‐induced glutathione S‐transferases activities toward 1‐chloro‐2, 4‐dinitrobenzene were significantly higher in resistant plants than in susceptible plants.CONCLUSIONThis study revealed that P. fugax had multiple alleles encoding plastidic ACCase, and reported for the first time the occurrence of Trp‐1999‐Ser mutation and non‐target‐site resistance in this species. Fenoxaprop resistance in AHHY plants was conferred by target‐site mutation and P450s‐involved enhanced metabolism. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Accelerating radiative transfer calculations for high‐resolution atmospheric models
Authors: Barker Howard W. , Li Jiangnan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study presents a method for calculating all‐sky, broadband radiative fluxes for high‐resolution atmospheric model domains, such as limited‐area numerical weather prediction models and Cloud System‐Resolving Models, that have many columns (i.e. ≫ 105). The aim is to replace the Independent Column Approximation (ICA) which applies 1D radiative transfer models (RTMs) to all columns; but usually after skipping many dynamical time steps due to the ICA's computational burden. The proposed method, referred to as Partitioned Gauss–Legendre Quadrature (PGLQ), begins by partitioning a domain into sub‐domains. This study is concerned just with cloudy columns so partitioning was done according to cloud‐top altitudes. Then, for each sub‐domain, sort columns from smallest to largest cloud water path , assign each column a sequence number, identify nG GLQ points, and apply 1D RTMs to the nG columns with resulting flux profiles assigned to nearby columns in the sorted sequence. Last, reposition columns back to the full domain. Marine boundary‐layer and deep convective cloud fields were used to assess PGLQ. For ratios of RTM calculations between ICA and PGLQ of fRT = /(nG · )−1 ∈ [103, 104], MBEs and RMSEs for net short‐wave (SW) surface fluxes scale close to (nG · )−1, RMSEs being typically ∼200× smaller than domain‐average . Structure function analyses of indicate that PGLQ errors resemble white noise. Long‐wave (LW) fluxes perform less well due to sorting on but seem likely to be acceptable, RMSEs being ∼5–10× smaller than domain‐average . All MBEs are typically <±0.5 W/m2. Estimates of radiative heating rate profiles are unbiased, and while noisy at small scales, they are portrayed well at scales larger than typical individual clouds. Overall speed‐up of PGLQ relative to ICA, for serial computation as consider here, is expected to be >300×; likely to be comparable to parallel computation. This should allow application of RTMs at every dynamical time step.
Efficient learning from adaptive control under sufficient excitation
Authors: Pan Yongping , Aranovskiy Stanislav , Bobtsov Alexey , Yu Haoyong 
Published: April 2019

SummaryParameter convergence is desirable in adaptive control as it enhances the overall stability and robustness properties of the closed‐loop system. In existing online historical data (OHD)–driven parameter learning schemes, all OHD are exploited to update parameter estimates such that parameter convergence is guaranteed under a sufficient excitation (SE) condition which is strictly weaker than the classical persistent excitation condition. Nevertheless, the exploitation of all OHD not only results in possible unbounded adaptation but also loses the flexibility of handling slowly time‐varying uncertainties. This paper presents an efficient OHD‐driven parameter learning scheme for adaptive control, where a variable forgetting factor is specifically designed and is equipped with an estimation error feedback such that exponential parameter convergence is achieved under the SE condition without the aforesaid drawbacks. The proposed parameter learning scheme is incorporated with direct adaptive control to construct an OHD‐based composite learning control strategy. Numerical results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Partial replacement of dietary buffalo meat on the bone with chicken carcass improves serum antioxidant profile of zoo‐housed Indian leopards (Panthera pardus fusca)
Authors: Sarode Roshan M. , Das Asit , Verma Ashok K. , Singh Putan , Saini Mohini , Bhardwaj Yogesh , Sharma Anil K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis experiment was conducted to study the effect of gradual replacement of dietary buffalo meat on the bone (BMB) with chicken carcass (CC) on nutrient utilization, serum cortisol, and total serum antioxidant profile of zoo‐housed Indian leopard. Twelve adult leopards were randomly distributed into a replicated Latin square design comprising three treatments, three periods, four animals, and three sequences. Leopards in group T1 were fed normal zoo diet of BMB. On the basis of dry matter, 10% and 20% of BMB was replaced with CC in groups T2 and T3, respectively. Each experimental period comprised 21 days. During each period, a digestion trial of 4‐day collection period was conducted after an adaptation period of 17 days. On Day 21 of each experimental period, blood was collected from all the animals by puncturing the ventral coccygial vein. Intake and apparent digestibility of major nutrients were similar among the groups. Replacement of 20% BMB with addition of CC increased (p < 0.001) the calculated supply of I, niacin, and vitamin A. Carotenoid intake increased (p < 0.01) with increased level of CC in the diet. Serum concentration of cortisol decreased (p < 0.01) whereas serum concentration of total carotenoids increased (p < 0.001) with increased level of CC in the diet. Serum concentration of antioxidant enzymes increased (p < 0.001) with increased level of CC in the diet. It was concluded that replacement of 20% of BMB with CC increased antioxidant profile. This may reduce oxidative stress in zoo‐housed Indian leopards without any adverse effect on nutrient utilization.
Efficacy and safety of evocalcet in Japanese peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Shimazaki Ryutaro , Fukagawa Masafumi , Akizawa Tadao ,   Evocalcet Study Group, Hayashi Yoshimitsu , Nakamoto Hidetomo , Koga Shoji , Okido Ichiro , Kubota Minoru , Koiwa Fumihiko , Takeda Masahiro , Hayashi Terumasa , Hiramatsu Makoto , Kawanishi Hideki , Kanai Hidetoshi , Ito Sakuya , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Mitsuiki Koji , Ikeda Hirofumi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a serious and common complication in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). Cinacalcet is currently the recommended therapy for SHPT; however, gastrointestinal (GI)-related symptoms can result in low adherence and high discontinuation rates. Evocalcet is a novel calcimimetic agent that has non-inferior efficacy while providing a more tolerable safety profile.

Methods
This was a multicenter, intra-subject dose-adjustment treatment study evaluating the efficacy and safety of 1–8 mg evocalcet orally administered once daily for 32 weeks for the treatment of SHPT in PD patients. Patients then entered a 20-week extension period (dose range 1–12 mg). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved a mean intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level of 60–240 pg/mL during the evaluation period (weeks 30–32). Secondary efficacy endpoints included the proportion of patients achieving ≥ 30% decrease in iPTH levels.

Results
A total of 39 Japanese PD patients with SHPT received evocalcet. The target mean iPTH level of 60–240 pg/mL was achieved by 71.8% (28/39) of patients during the evaluation period and 83.3% (20/24) of patients at week 52. The proportion of patients who achieved ≥ 30% decrease in iPTH levels from baseline was 74.4% (29/39) during the evaluation period and 87.5% (21/24) at week 52. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 46.2% (18/39) of patients, with most being of mild-to-moderate severity including GI-related events.

Conclusion
This study shows the long-term efficacy and safety of evocalcet when orally administered to PD patients with SHPT once daily.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02549417, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02549417; JAPIC: JapicCTI-153016, http://www.clinicaltrials.jp/user/showCteDetailE.jsp?japicId=JapicCTI-153016.
Medicine Beneath Your Feet: A Biocultural Examination of the Risks and Benefits of Geophagy
Authors: Young Sera L. , Miller Joshua D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGeophagy is the intentional consumption of earth. Although widely documented among vulnerable populations, including children and pregnant women, the causes and consequences of geophagy remain poorly understood. Relevant literature was, therefore, reviewed to describe geophagy across species, geographies, life stages, and disease states. After a brief consideration of hypothesized etiologies, the potential harmful and beneficial consequences of geophagy are described, considering current evidence for each. Data available to date suggest that the greatest potential risks of geophagy include toxicity or heavy metal poisoning, and diseases resulting from consumed clays binding nutrients and beneficial pharmaceuticals in the gut. Evidence also suggests that geophagy may be beneficial by protecting against harmful pathogens and toxins through two distinct physiological pathways. Future research should explore causal relationships between geophagy and iron deficiency, as well as investigate the biological and psychosocial conditions that govern geophagy.
Longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid biomarker trajectories along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in the BIOMARKAPD study
Authors: Lleó Alberto , Alcolea Daniel , Martínez‐Lage Pablo , Scheltens Philip , Parnetti Lucilla , Poirier Judes , Simonsen Anja H. , Verbeek Marcel M. , Rosa‐Neto Pedro , Slot Rosalinde E.R. , Tainta Mikel , Izaguirre Andrea , Reijs Babette L.R. , Farotti Lucia , Tsolaki Magda , Vandenbergue Rik , Freund‐Levi Yvonne , Verhey Frans R.J. , Clarimón Jordi , Fortea Juan , Frolich Lutz , Santana Isabel , Molinuevo José Luis , Lehmann Sylvain , Visser Pieter J. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionWithin‐person trajectories of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not well defined.MethodsWe included 467 subjects from the BIOMARKAPD study with at least two serial CSF samples. Diagnoses were subjective cognitive decline (n = 75), mild cognitive impairment (n = 128), and AD dementia (n = 110), and a group of cognitively unimpaired subjects (n = 154) were also included. We measured baseline and follow‐up CSF levels of total tau (t‐tau), phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), YKL‐40, and neurofilament light (NfL). Median CSF sampling interval was 2.1 years.ResultsCSF levels of t‐tau, p‐tau, NfL, and YKL‐40 were 2% higher per each year of baseline age in controls (P <.001). In AD, t‐tau levels were 1% lower (P <.001) and p‐tau levels did not change per each year of baseline age. Longitudinally, only NfL (P <.001) and YKL‐40 (P <.02) increased during the study period.DiscussionAll four CSF biomarkers increase with age, but this effect deviates in AD for t‐tau and p‐tau.