bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Mittens of Disapproval Are On”: John Oliver’s Last Week Tonight as Neoliberal Critique
Authors: Michaud Wild Nickie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHBO’s Last Week Tonight has frequently featured host John Oliver’s critiques of global neoliberalism. His pronouncements are often not just the taking of an ideological position, but a moral one which borders on the theological, conceptualizing the entrenchment of inequality as a normative evil. It is a form of activism where he uses his platform to exhort his audience to fight back against large, impersonal forces that he portrays as taking advantage of them. This article analyzes the program’s mentions of the institutional effects of these policies on individuals and the economy and how mainstream media sources have either amplified or ignored his claims. “Serious” journalism is more likely to cover his stories that have simple, dramatic villains rather than complex causes.
Corticosteroids and Regional Variations in Thickness of the Human Cerebral Cortex across the Lifespan
Authors: Parker Nadine , Vidal-Pineiro Didac , French Leon , Shin Jean , Adams Hieab H H , Brodaty Henry , Cox Simon R , Deary Ian J , Fjell Anders M , Frenzel Stefan , Grabe Hans , Hosten Norbert , Ikram Mohammad Arfan , Jiang Jiyang , Knol Maria J , Mazoyer Bernard , Mishra Aniket , Sachdev Perminder S , Salum Giovanni , Satizabal Claudia L , Schmidt Helena , Schmidt Reinhold , Seshadri Sudha , Schumann Gunter , Völzke Henry , Walhovd Kristine B , Wen Wei , Wittfeld Katharina , Yang Qiong , Debette Stephanie , Pausova Zdenka , Paus Tomáš 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Exposures to life stressors accumulate across the lifespan, with possible impact on brain health. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms mediating age-related changes in brain structure. We use a lifespan sample of participants (n = 21 251; 4–97 years) to investigate the relationship between the thickness of cerebral cortex and the expression of the glucocorticoid- and the mineralocorticoid-receptor genes (NR3C1 and NR3C2, respectively), obtained from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. In all participants, cortical thickness correlated negatively with the expression of both NR3C1 and NR3C2 across 34 cortical regions. The magnitude of this correlation varied across the lifespan. From childhood through early adulthood, the profile similarity (between NR3C1/NR3C2 expression and thickness) increased with age. Conversely, both profile similarities decreased with age in late life. These variations do not reflect age-related changes in NR3C1 and NR3C2 expression, as observed in 5 databases of gene expression in the human cerebral cortex (502 donors). Based on the co-expression of NR3C1 (and NR3C2) with genes specific to neural cell types, we determine the potential involvement of microglia, astrocytes, and CA1 pyramidal cells in mediating the relationship between corticosteroid exposure and cortical thickness. Therefore, corticosteroids may influence brain structure to a variable degree throughout life.
Postoperative Morbidity After Iterative Ileocolonic Resection for Crohn’s Disease: Should we be Worried? A Prospective Multicentric Cohort Study of the GETAID Chirurgie
Authors: Abdalla Solafah , Brouquet Antoine , Maggiori Léon , Zerbib Philippe , Denost Quentin , Germain Adeline , Cotte Eddy , Beyer-Berjot Laura , Munoz-Bongrand Nicolas , Desfourneaux Véronique , Rahili Amine , Duffas Jean-Pierre , Pautrat Karine , Denet Christine , Bridoux Valérie , Meurette Guillaume , Faucheron Jean-Luc , Loriau Jérome , Guillon Françoise , Vicaut Eric , Benoist Stéphane , Panis Yves , Lefevre Jérémie H ,   GETAID Chirurgie Group
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsTo compare perioperative characteristics and outcomes between primary ileocolonic resection [PICR] and iterative ileocolic resection [IICR] for Crohn’s disease [CD].MethodsFrom 2013 to 2015, 567 patients undergoing ileocolonic resection were prospectively included in 19 centres of the GETAID chirurgie group. Perioperative characteristics and postoperative results of both groups [431 PICR, 136 IICR] were compared. Uni- and multivariate analyses of the risk factors of overall 30-day postoperative morbidity was carried out in the IICR group.ResultsIICR patients were less likely to be malnourished [27.2% vs 39.9%, p = 0.007], and had more stricturing forms [69.1% vs 54.3%, p = 0.002] and less perforating disease [19.9% vs 39.2%, p &lt; 0.001]. Laparoscopy was less commonly used in IICR [45.6% vs 84.5%, p &lt; 0.01] and was associated with increased conversion rates [27.4% vs 14.6%, p = 0.012]. Overall postoperative morbidity was 36.8% in the IICR group and 26.7% in the PICR group [p = 0.024]. There was no significant difference between IICR and PICR regarding septic intra-abdominal complications, anastomotic leakage [8.8% vs 8.4%] or temporary stoma requirement. IICR patients were more likely to present with non-infectious complications and ileus [11.8% vs 3.7%, p &lt; 0.001]. Uni- and multivariate analyses did not identify specific risk factors of overall postoperative morbidity in the IICR group.ConclusionsSurgery for recurrent CD is associated with a slight increase of non-infectious morbidity [postoperative ileus] that mainly reflects the technical difficulties of these procedures. However, IICR remains a safe therapeutic option in patients with recurrent CD because severe morbidity including anastomotic complications is similar to patients undergoing primary resection.PodcastThis article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast
Chemical Composition of the Rectal Gland and Volatiles Released by Female Queensland Fruit Fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: El-Sayed Ashraf M , Venkatesham Uppala , Unelius C Rikard , Sporle Andrew , Pérez Jeanneth , Taylor Phillip W , Suckling David M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The composition of the rectal gland secretion and volatiles emitted by female Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni was investigated. Esters were found to be the main compounds in the gland extracts and headspace, while amides were the minor compounds in the gland extracts and headspace. Ethyl dodecanoate, ethyl tetradecanoate, ethyl (Z9)-hexadecenoate and ethyl palmitate were the main esters in the gland extracts, while ethyl dodecanoate and ethyl tetradecanoate were the main esters in the headspace. Four amides (N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide), N-(2-methylbutyl)propanamide, N-(3-methylbutyl)propanamide, and N-(3-methylbutyl)-2-methylpropanamide were found in the gland extracts and the headspace. Among the amides, N-(3-methylbutyl)acetamide and N-(3-methylbutyl)propanamide were the main amides in the gland extracts and the headspace. Traces of three spiroacetals were found both in the gland extracts and in the headspace. (E,E)-2,8-Dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, (E,E)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, (E,E)-2-propyl-8-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane. All compounds found in the headspace were present in the extract of the rectal gland suggesting that the rectal gland is the main source of the headspace volatiles, whose function remains to be elucidated. This is the first comprehensive chemical analysis of the rectal gland secretions and volatiles of female B. tryoni, and further laboratory and field bioassays are required to determine the function of compounds identified in this study. Discovery of the same amides previously identified in the male rectal gland in the female rectal gland raises questions about the pheromonal role previously suggested for these compounds.
Cost and survival of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus open lobectomy in lung cancer patients: a propensity score-matched study
Authors: Marijic Pavo , Walter Julia , Schneider Christian , Schwarzkopf Larissa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
A video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is an accepted alternative to open thoracotomy (OT) in lung cancer patients undergoing lobectomy, but evidence of the benefits of VATS remains inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare VATS and OT regarding survival, costs and length of hospital stay (LOS).

METHODS
We identified lung cancer patients (incident 2013) undergoing VATS or OT from German insurance claims data and performed 1:2 propensity score matching. A 3-year survival was analysed using the Kaplan–Meier curves and a univariable Cox model. Group differences in the 3-year lung cancer-related costs and costs of hospital stay with lobectomy were compared via univariable generalized linear gamma models. LOS was compared using the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test.

RESULTS
After propensity score matching, we compared 294 patients undergoing VATS and 588 receiving OT. We found no differences in the 3-year survival (VATS: 73.8%, OT: 69.2%, P = 0.131) or costs for hospital stay with lobectomy (VATS: €11 921, OT: €12 281, P = 0.573). However, VATS patients had significantly lower lung cancer-related costs (VATS: €20 828, OT: €23 723, P = 0.028) and median postoperative LOS (VATS: 9 days, OT: 11 days, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
From a payer's perspective, extending the use of VATS is beneficial, as it shows economic benefits without affecting survival. However, for a more comprehensive assessment of the benefits of VATS from a society’s point of view, further aspects such as patient-reported outcomes and provider-related standby costs need to be investigated further.
State Instigation in International Law: A General Principle Transposed
Authors: Jackson Miles 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
It is widely believed that international law imposes no general prohibition on instigation – no general prohibition on states inducing, inciting or procuring other states to breach their international obligations. The absence of a prohibition on instigation stands in contrast to the now entrenched prohibition on the provision of assistance to another state that facilitates an internationally wrongful act. In this article, I argue that the orthodox position on instigation is incorrect. I argue that a prohibition on instigation is founded on a general principle of law, as envisaged in Article 38(1)(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, and that it would be appropriate to transpose that general principle to the international legal system. To sustain this argument, I first construct a representative set of domestic jurisdictions for comparative analysis. Second, through a brief comparative survey, I assess whether in each of these domestic jurisdictions it is wrongful, in one way or another, for an actor to instigate another to commit an act that it would be wrongful for it to do itself. And, third, I argue that the transposition of this principle from domestic law to international law is conceptually and normatively appropriate.
The cost of non-Europe, revisited*
Authors: Mayer Thierry , Vicard Vincent , Zignago Soledad 
Published: May 2019

Summary
In this paper, we quantify the “Cost of Non-Europe”, that is, the trade-related welfare gains each country member has reaped from the European Union (EU). Thirty years after the terminology of Non-Europe was used to give estimates of the gains from further integration, we use modern versions of the gravity model to estimate the trade creation implied by the EU, and apply those to counterfactual exercises where for instance the EU returns to a “normal,” shallow-type regional agreement, or reverts to WTO rules. Those scenarios are envisioned with or without the exit of the United Kingdom from the EU (Brexit) happening, which points to interesting cross-country differences and potential cascade effects in doing and undoing of trade agreements.
Back into the political? Rethinking judicial, legal, and transnational constitutionalism
Authors: Chang Wen-Chen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article provides a critical reflection on constitutional developments around the world since 1989, and finds that the world of global constitutionalism has primarily embodied judicial, legal and transnational constitutionalism with court-centric, legal-texted, and elite-focused features. An overemphasis of constitutions as legal texts and courts as exclusive constitutional guardians has led to the domination of legal and judicial elites in constitutional and political spheres, and such an unequal playing field between legal and political actors has inevitably triggered the recent rise and resurgence of populism and neo-authoritarianism. This article argues that rather than purely legal or political, the nature of constitutions and constitutionalism presents an intricate set of intersecting law and politics, and that it is time now for constitutional law scholars to pay attention to political foundations of constitutionalism with further democratic revivals and better civic engagements.
Supervisión y Control v Costa Rica: Developing the Pantechniki v Albania1Standard for ‘Fork in the Road’ Provisions in Investment Treaties
Authors: Lee Serena , Phua Myron 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This Note analyses the Award of 18 January 2017 in Supervisión y Control v Costa Rica. The Award is the second award hitherto made by an investor-state tribunal that directly affirms the approach pioneered in Pantechniki v Albania used to determine whether a ‘fork in the road’ provision in an bilateral investment treaty has been activated—as to bar a claim brought in litigation before a respondent State's courts from being arbitrated. Being so, the Award differs from the majority of other arbitral decisions applying the ‘triple identity’ test instead. We analyse what the Award has added to the existing jurisprudence on ‘fork in the road’ provisions, and the debate surrounding which test is to be preferred. We also discuss the extent to which the Award successfully resolves the problems associated with the ‘same fundamental basis’ test applied in Pantechniki, such as its potential vagueness, and the absence of a complete conceptual explanation as to why the reasoning in Woodruff might apply to ‘fork in the road’ provisions. Ultimately, we argue that the Award involves an insightful attempt at clarifying and developing the Pantechniki test, which could herald a new approach to be adopted by investor-state tribunals interpreting similar provisions.
The Science and Value of Diversity: Closing the Gaps in Our Understanding of Inclusion and Diversity
Authors: Swartz Talia H , Palermo Ann-Gel S , Masur Sandra K , Aberg Judith A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Diversity drives excellence. Diversity enhances innovation in biomedical sciences and, as it relates to novel findings and treatment of diverse populations, in the field of infectious diseases. There are many obstacles to achieving diversity in the biomedical workforce, which create challenges at the levels of recruitment, retention, education, and promotion of individuals. Here we present the challenges, opportunities, and suggestions for the field, institutions, and individuals to adopt in mitigating bias and achieving greater levels of equity, representation, and excellence in clinical practice and research. Our findings provide optimism for a bright future of fair and collaborative approaches that will enhance the power of our biomedical workforce.
Recurrent Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in a Patient With a Novel Toll-Like Receptor 3 Variant Linked to Compromised Activation Capacity in Fibroblasts
Authors: Liang Frank , Glans Hedvig , Enoksson Sara Lind , Kolios Antonios G A , Loré Karin , Nilsson Jakob 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs primarily in elderly or immunocompromised individuals after reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). Recurrences of zoster ophthalmicus are uncommon because the reactivation efficiently boosts anti-VZV immunity. A 28-year-old female presented to our clinic with a history of multiple recurrences of zoster ophthalmicus.

Methods
Whole-exome sequencing (WES), analyses of VZV T-cell immunity, and pathogen recognition receptor function in primary antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and fibroblasts were performed.

Results
Normal VZV-specific T-cell immunity and antibody response were detected. Whole-exome sequencing identified a heterozygous nonsynonymous variant (c.2324C > T) in the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) gene resulting in formation of a premature stop-codon. This alteration could potentially undermine TLR3 signaling in a dominant-negative fashion. Therefore, we investigated TLR3 signaling responses in APCs and fibroblasts from the patient. The APCs responded efficiently to stimulation with TLR3 ligands, whereas the responses from the fibroblasts were compromised.

Conclusions
We report a novel TLR3 variant associated with recurrent zoster ophthalmicus. Toll-like receptor 3 responses that were unaffected in APCs but diminished in fibroblasts are in line with previous reports linking TLR3 deficiency with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Mechanisms involving compromised viral sensing in infected cells may thus be central to the described immunodeficiency.
Correlation of the rumen fluid microbiome and the average daily gain with a dietary supplementation of Allium mongolicum Regel extracts in sheep1
Authors: Du Hongxi , Erdene Khas , Chen Shengyang , Qi Saruli , Bao Zhibi , Zhao Yaxing , Wang Cuifang , Zhao Guofen , Ao Changjin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Plant extracts can affect the rumen microbiome and ADG in ruminants, and studies of the association between the rumen microbiome and ADG provide information applicable to improving ruminant growth performance. The objectives were to investigate the effects of Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on the rumen microbiome and ADG and their association in sheep. Forty healthy, male, small-tailed Han sheep (6 mo, 34 ± 3.5 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 4 dietary treatments: basal diet as control group (CK, n = 10), basal diet supplemented with 3.4 g·sheep−1·d−1A. mongolicum Regel powder extract as PAM group (PAM, n = 10), basal diet supplemented with 10 g·sheep−1·d−1A. mongolicum Regel powder as AM group (AM, n = 10), and basal diet supplemented with 10 g·sheep−1·d−1A. mongolicum Regel powder extract residue as RAM group (RAM, n = 10). The ADG for individual sheep was calculated using the sum of the ADGs observed during the experimental period divided by the number of days in the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, sheep were randomly selected from each treatment for slaughter (n = 6), and the rumen fluids were collected and stored immediately at −80 °C. Illumina HiSeq was subsequently used to investigate the changes in the rumen microbiome profile, and the associations with ADG were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. The results demonstrated that, compared with that in CK group, the ADG in AM and RAM significantly increased (P = 0.0171). The abundances of Tenericutes and Mollicutes ([ρ] = 0.5021, P = 0.0124) were positively correlated with ADG. Within Mollicutes, the abundances of Anaeroplasmatales ([ρ] = 0.5458, P = 0.0058) and Anaeroplasmataceae ([ρ] = 0.5458, P = 0.0058) were positively correlated with ADG. The main negatively correlated bacteria were Saccharibacteria ([ρ] = −0.4762, P = 0.0187) and Betaproteobacteria ([ρ] = −0.5669, P = 0.039). Although Anaeroplasmatales and Anaeroplasmataceae were positively correlated with ADG, Saccharibacteria and Betaproteobacteria were negatively correlated with ADG. In conclusion, supplementation with A. mongolicum Regel powder and extracts will influence the rumen microbiome and increase the ADG.
The Disputed Bounds of Muslim Warfare
Authors: Bakircioglu Onder 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The justificatory grounds of Muslim war have long been subject to various interpretive analyses, which have taken customary, literalist, revivalist or reformist modalities of hermeneutics. Although scholars of jihad stand on a broader intellectual terrain, one may identify two major streams of thought: the ‘moderate’ and ‘radical’ schools. The principal bone of contention between these schools appertains to the question of whether a legitimate jihad is confined to self-defensive measures alone, or whether it may transcend such measures and be fought in furtherance of political ambitions. This article critically analyses such doctrinal views on Islamic jus ad bellum, arguing that the mainstream depiction of jihad is largely mono-dimensional that fails to capture the overall phenomenon within its contingent framework.
Owners’ Portfolio Diversification and Firm Investment
Authors: Lyandres Evgeny , Marchica Maria-Teresa , Michaely Roni , Mura Roberto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPortfolio diversification of firms’ controlling owners influences their firms’ capital investment. Empirically, the effect of owners’ portfolio diversification on their firms’ investment levels is positive for publicly traded firms and tends to be negative for privately held ones. These findings are consistent with predictions of a model in which a risk-averse investor simultaneously chooses her portfolio structure, and both the level and riskiness of capital investment of the firm she controls, and in which the firm can be potentially constrained in its capital investment choices. Overall, our results indicate that owners’ portfolio underdiversification and firms’ financial constraints can affect firms’ resource allocation.Received May 3, 2017; editorial decision March 8, 2019 by Editor Francesca Cornelli. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Social support modulates the neural correlates underlying social exclusion
Authors: Morese Rosalba , Lamm Claus , Bosco Francesca Marina , Valentini Maria  Consuelo , Silani Giorgia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Ostracism threatens the human need for social interactions, with negative consequences on cognition, affect and behavior. Understanding the mechanisms that can alleviate these consequences has therefore become an important research agenda. In this study, we used behavioral and fMRI measures to advance our understanding how social support can buffer the negative effects of social exclusion. We focused on two different types of support from a friend: emotional support, conveyed by gentle touch and appraisal support, implemented as informative text messages. Seventy-one female participants underwent fMRI scanning while playing a virtual ball-tossing game in the course of which they were excluded. Two consecutive runs of the game were separated according to the participant’s experimental condition (appraisal support, emotional support and no support). Results showed that the experience of social exclusion is modulated by the type of support received. Specifically, emotional support decreased negative emotions and anterior insula activity, while appraisal support increased negative emotions, with concomitant increase of subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and decrease of temporal-parietal junction activity. These divergent effects of social support point to the necessity to characterize whether and under which conditions it represents an effective and positive resource to alleviate the negative consequences of social exclusion.