bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the changes and significance of CXCL10 level in serum of isolated polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Shuai X. U. , Dandan FENG , Liang X. U. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the significance of CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in the pathogenesis of isolated polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR).

Methods
The serum of six PMR patients diagnosed and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from September 2019 to December 2020 before treatment and after remission was collected, and the serum of six active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and six healthy medical checkups were also collected, and protein microarray technology was used to detect 24 cytokines, including IL-6, IL-4, CXCL10, CXCL8, and CXCL2. Subsequently, serum was collected from other 28 patients with active PMR, 26 patients with PMR in remission, 24 patients with active RA, and 24 healthy medical checkups who were diagnosed and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2021 to July 2023, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to validate and compare the levels of CXCL10 in each group and analyze the correlation between the levels of serum CXCL10 and the parameters of the clinical activities of PMR.

Results
Protein microarray screening revealed significant differences in CXCL10 before and after PMR treatment, and ELISA validation revealed that peripheral serum CXCL10 levels were significantly higher in the PMR-active group than in the remission group (P < 0.001), and also significantly higher than in the RA-active group (P = 0.003) and in the healthy control group (P < 0.001); correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between serum CXCL10 levels and serum ferritin in PMR patients (r = 0.450, P = 0.024). In the ROC curve for distinguishing PMR and RA, the area under the curve is 0.741, sensitivity = 0.643, and specificity = 0.792.

Conclusion
CXCL10 may play a role in the pathogenesis of isolated PMR and its level might contribute to the differential diagnosis of PMR and RA.

Key Points• The concentration of CXCL10 was higher in peripheral blood of isolated PMR patients.• CXCL10 is a potential diagnostic biomarker for isolated PMR patients.• The level of CXCL10 might contribute to the differential diagnosis of PMR and RA.
Oscillatory squeeze flow through an Oldroyd-B fluid-saturated porous layer
Authors: Jian Yongjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study deals with the analytical investigation of oscillatory squeeze film flow through a Brinkman viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid-saturated porous layer subject to two vertically harmonically oscillatory disks. The validity of the present proposed analytical solutions is first demonstrated for the Newtonian fluids when both Λ1 and Λ2 tend to zero by comparison with the previous literature. Results demonstrate that an increase in the elasticity parameter Λ1 correlates with a rise in axial velocities, indicating that the relaxation time Λ1 facilitates enhanced squeeze flow. In the case of squeeze film flow in porous layers, low oscillating frequencies exert minimal effects on axial velocities, independent of variations in the viscoelasticity parameter Λ1. However, at higher oscillating frequencies, axial velocities escalate with increasing the viscoelasticity parameter Λ1. Furthermore, the retardation time Λ2 of the viscoelastic fluid shows no significant effect on the axial velocity, regardless of oscillating frequency changes in both pure fluids and porous layers.
A Review on the Partitioning of Solutes Along Dislocations and Stacking Faults in Superalloys
Authors: Kontis Paraskevas , Smith Timothy M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChemical and microstructural alterations at near-atomic scale can influence the high temperature mechanical performance of superalloys. These alterations are strongly associated with solute segregation at crystal defects, such as dislocations and stacking faults. This review provides an overview of the phenomena that occurs during deformation at elevated temperatures due to the interactions of solutes with crystal defects. These interactions are discussed based on investigations conducted by exploiting the recent technological advancements of advanced characterization methods, such as transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. Insights on local phase transformation mechanisms along stacking faults are discussed providing perspectives on new alloy design concepts. Besides, various microstructural alterations controlled by the interactions of solutes with dislocations are discussed. Bringing together observations at near-atomic scale that control superalloys in the macroscopic level, we aim to bridge an atomic scale microanalysis gap. Thus, providing insights that future alloy designers, modelers, and engineers can incorporate these effects into their analyses, alloy design models and life prediction calculations.
An Update on the Management of Rectal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Frydman Aviva , Srirajaskanthan Raj 
Published: October 2024

Opinion StatementRectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are increasing in incidence. Most lesions are low grade, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours with good long term outcomes. However there is metastatic potential and resection offers the only option for a cure and in most cases should be offered to reduce the risk of metastases. Careful staging of rectal NENs should be performed prior to consideration of resection in order to ensure the appropriate technique is chosen, and reduce the risk of incomplete resection. Resection can be endoscopic or surgical, and selecting the appropriate resection technique relies on tumour characteristics such as size, grade, invasion into the muscularis propria, presence of lymph node involvement or of distal metastases. Some patients may require systemic therapies which may involve somatostatin analogues (SSAs), everolimus, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), chemotherapy or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Due the rarity of these tumours, much of the evidence is based on retrospective reviews or smaller cohort studies. This article is an update of the current evidence available to guide management.
Serum Levels of Trace Elements (Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Selenium, and Strontium) are Differentially Associated with Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Vera Enric , Vallvé Joan-Carles , Linares Victòria , Paredes Silvia , Ibarretxe Daiana , Bellés Montserrat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is attributed to inflammatory processes that accelerate atherosclerosis. Therefore, the exploration of novel biomarkers association is needed. This study investigated the associations between serum trace elements (Fe, Zn, Mg, Se, and Sr) and surrogate markers of CVD in 219 RA patients and compared them with those with metabolic disorders (MetD, n = 82) and control participants (n = 64). Surrogate markers included carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid plaque presence (cPP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), distensibility (DIST), and the augmentation index (AIx). RA patients displayed heightened inflammatory markers, increased arterial stiffness and thickness, and elevated CV risk factors. Compared with those in control participants, Se levels in RA patients were lower, regardless of sex. Women and men with RA had lower Sr and Mg levels than those with MetD, respectively. Backward regression models demonstrated inverse associations of Sr and Zn with cIMT in men with RA and those with MetD, respectively. In RA patients, Sr and Zn were predictors of an increased AIx, with sex-specific associations. Increased Fe levels were associated with an increased AIx in women with MetD. Fe and Zn were predictors of increased cIMT in control participants, with sex-specific associations. Serum trace elements are independently associated with surrogate markers of CVD in patients with RA, highlighting their potential role in CV risk assessment. Prospective studies are essential for validating these associations and establishing optimal trace element levels for managing CVD risk in patients with RA.
Performance Assessment of Three Living Shorelines in Cedar Key, Florida, USA
Authors: Barry Savanna C. , Hernandez Elix M. , Clark Mark W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA community-driven effort in Cedar Key, Florida, USA, resulted in the construction of three living shoreline retrofits intended to bolster failing coastal infrastructure and restore habitat functions in Daughtry Bayou. A multi-year monitoring program tracked changes in elevation and vegetation communities across the entire shoreline profile from lower-intertidal to upland/transitional zones and measured wave attenuation during typical and extreme (hurricane) conditions. Overall, these living shoreline retrofits served to soften more than 30% of the bayou’s shoreline, dramatically reducing the extent of armored shoreline in direct contact with tidal influence. The extent of vegetated habitat area has increased at all three sites, despite sediment export from higher elevation zones driven largely by repeated impacts from hurricanes and tropical storms. These living shorelines reduced wave energy by 33 to 79% in typical conditions and by up to 28% in hurricane conditions, consistently outperforming armored shorelines, even during an extreme event (Hurricane Idalia). Our monitoring efforts were sufficient to capture project trajectories and assess performance relative to project goals, but our program had limitations that could have been overcome with additional resources and increased focus on capturing spillover effects. The living shoreline retrofit projects assessed here have persisted through and shown signs of recovery after multiple tropical storms and hurricanes, while providing important energy reduction services. Thus, living shoreline retrofits continue to be a cost-effective shoreline management strategy in the short term for this area. However, our analyses suggest that persistence of these shorelines could be threatened by the combination of sea-level rise (by 2040), upland armoring, and an increasing risk of more intense tropical systems. Therefore, future interventions should more carefully consider these threats in conjunction with habitat enhancement goals.
The small-for-size syndrome in living donor liver transplantation: current management
Authors: Del Prete Luca , Quintini Cristiano , Diago Uso Teresa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmall-for-size syndrome poses a significant challenge in living donor liver transplantation, with potentially severe consequences including liver failure and death. This review explores the management strategies for SFSS, starting from the pathophysiology of the disease. SFSS arises from insufficient liver mass in the graft and hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhotic recipients, leading to portal hyperperfusion and subsequent liver injury. Risk factors include graft size, quality, recipient factors, and hemodynamic changes during transplantation.Hemodynamic monitoring is crucial during living donor liver transplantation to optimize portal vein and hepatic artery flow. Prevention strategies focus on donor-recipient matching and intraoperative graft inflow modulation. Optimizing venous outflow and avoiding portal hyperperfusion is essential. Management of established small-for-size syndrome involves supportive care, pharmacologic interventions, and radiological and surgical options. Pharmacotherapy includes somatostatin analogues, beta-blockers, and vasopressin analogues to reduce portal flow and pressure. Surgical interventions aim to modulate portal flow and mitigate complications. Retransplantation may be necessary in severe cases, guided by persistent graft dysfunction despite liver flow modulations. In conclusion, preventing and managing small-for-size syndrome in living donor liver transplantation requires comprehensive assessment and tailored interventions. Advancements in graft/recipient matching, hemodynamic monitoring, pharmacologic and surgical techniques aiming to inflow modulation have improved outcomes, enabling successful transplantation even with ultra-small grafts.
Climate Change and Community Resilience: The PHEER Network
Authors: Eisenman David P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The Public Health Extreme Events Research (PHEER) Network is a researcher-led network that aims to advance the public health disaster science field by coordinating a community of practice that can rapidly mobilize to conduct time-sensitive research in the aftermath of disasters. This presentation will introduce PHEER to the public health emergency preparedness and response community and allow for input into the evolving public health research framework.

Learning Objectives
Participants will understand the goals and objectives of the PHEER Network.
Participants will learn about how they can be involved in the PHEER Network.
Dreaming the plague: Experiencing the pandemic present, experimenting with Anthropocene temporalities
Authors: Gäckle Nicolas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Complementing readings in International Relations (IR) that understand Covid-19 as an Anthropocene effect, this article observes the pandemic as a laboratory for engagements with Anthropocene experience. It argues that the pandemic turn to dreams renegotiated the conditions of experienceability of Anthropocene temporality. Exploring the scientific, archival, and practical registers on which dreams attracted interest during the pandemic, the article traces how dreams were valued for their promise of capturing the affective exposure of subjects to the pandemic present. This conditioning of experienceability on the limits of the human subject resonates with the relational turn in IR and its affirmation of being-in-relation as a condition for becoming attuned to the Anthropocene. Drawing from Koselleck and Foucault, the article understands this resonance as indicative of a shared archive of experiments in transcending modern accounts of temporality. For this archive, rendering an Anthropocenic present experienceable requires a shift from the distanced account of a modern author-subject to a subject that gauges its own exposure to the present. Despite this ambition of the turn to dreams, the article also flags its constraints, observing how this turn regularly tipped back into reaffirming the modern subject.
What is the neurobiology of schizophrenia?
Authors: Cummings Michael A. , Arias Ai-Li W. , Stahl Stephen M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders are brain diseases that are developmental dementias (dementia praecox). Their pathology begins in utero with psychosis most commonly becoming evident in adolescence and early adulthood. It is estimated they afflict the U.S. population at a prevalence rate of approximately 0.8%. Genetic studies indicate that these brain diseases are about 80% determined by genes and about 20% determined by environmental risk factors. Inheritance is polygenic with some 270 gene loci having been identified as contributing to the risk for schizophrenia. Interestingly, many of the identified gene loci and gene polymorphisms are involved in brain formation and maturation. The identified genetic and epigenetic risks give rise to a brain in which neuroblasts migrate abnormally, assume abnormal locations and orientations, and are vulnerable to excessive neuronal and synaptic loss, resulting in overt psychotic illness. The illness trajectory of schizophrenia then is one of loss of brain mass related to the number of active psychotic exacerbations and the duration of untreated illness. In this context, molecules such as dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin play critical roles with respect to positive, negative, and cognitive domains of illness. Acutely, antipsychotics ameliorate active psychotic illness, especially positive signs and symptoms. The long-term effects of antipsychotic medications have been debated; however, the bulk of imaging data suggest that antipsychotics slow but do not reverse the illness trajectory of schizophrenia. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI) appear superior in this regard. Clozapine remains the “gold standard” in managing treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Herbicide options for control of yellow and knotroot foxtail for possible use in turfgrass
Authors: Joseph Mikerly M. , Johnson Bridgette , Russell David P. , Han David Y. , McElroy J. Scott 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Yellow and knotroot foxtail are two common weed species infesting turfgrass and pastures in the southeastern region of the United States. Yellow and knotroot foxtail share morphological similarities and are frequently misidentified by weed managers, thus leading to confusion in herbicide selection. Greenhouse research was conducted to evaluate the response of yellow and knotroot foxtail to several turfgrass herbicides: pinoxaden (35 and 70 g ai ha−1), sethoxydim (316 and 520 g ai ha−1), thiencarbazone + dicamba + iodosulfuron (230 g ai ha−1), nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron (562.8 g ai ha−1), metribuzin (395 g ha−1), sulfentrazone (330 g ai ha−1), sulfentrazone + imazethapyr (504 g ai ha−1), and imazaquin (550 g ai ha−1). All treatments controlled yellow foxtail >87% with more than 90% reduction of the biomass. By comparison, only sulfentrazone alone controlled knotroot foxtail 90% and completely reduced aboveground biomass. Sethoxydim (520 g ai ha−1), metribuzin, and imazaquin controlled knotroot foxtail >70% at 28 d after application. In a rate response evaluation, nonlinear regression showed that yellow foxtail was approximately 8 times more susceptible to pinoxaden and 2 times more susceptible to sethoxydim than knotroot foxtail based on log (WR50) values, which were 50% reduction in fresh weight. Our research indicates that knotroot foxtail is more difficult to control across a range of herbicides, making differentiation of these two species important before herbicides are applied.
Clomazone and oxyfluorfen combinations in a flooded rice system
Authors: Norsworthy Jason K. , Arnold Casey H. , Butts Thomas R. , Roberts Trenton , Shelton Chad W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Rice producers battle herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide while producing rice for ≥50% of the world’s population. Oxyfluorfen can provide rice producers with an alternative site of action for barnyardgrass control, as there are no documented cases of grass weeds being resistant to the herbicide in the mid-southern United States. Oxyfluorfen is anticipated to be labeled in the Roxy Rice Production System and may be sold as a clomazone/oxyfluorfen premixture; hence, experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate preemergence-applied clomazone/oxyfluorfen ratios compared to clomazone alone on silt loam and clay soils. All ratios of the herbicides caused less than 7% injury to rice in two of four site-years on silt loam soils, whereas, in the two other site-years, the mixtures caused 10% to 40% rice injury at all observation timings. All combinations of the two herbicides provided at least 73% barnyardgrass control 5 wk after rice emergence (WAE) in three of the four site-years on silt loam soils. In at least two of four site-years at 1 and 3 WAE, barnyardgrass control was improved when oxyfluorfen was added to clomazone compared to clomazone alone. On clay soil, barnyardgrass control in both site-years was ≥77% at 5 WAE for all clomazone and oxyfluorfen ratios. Injury to rice ranged from 13% to 30% for all treatments containing clomazone and oxyfluorfen in one of two site-years on clay soil at all observation timings. At 7 WAE, contrasts indicated that the 1:3 ratio of clomazone to oxyfluorfen provided greater barnyardgrass control than the 1:1.5 and 1:2 ratios in one of two site-years. Based on these findings, oxyfluorfen would improve the consistency of barnyardgrass control over clomazone alone in some instances. However, there is an increased risk of injury to rice with the addition of oxyfluorfen.
Sea‐Level Rise, Drinking Water Quality and the Economic Value of Coastal Tourism in North Carolina
Authors: Whitehead J. C. , Anderson W. P. , Guignet D. , Landry C. E. , Morgan O. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe estimate the economic benefits of avoiding reductions in drinking water quality due to sea level rise accruing to North Carolina (NC) coastal tourists. Using stated preference methods and responses from recent coastal visitors, we find that tourists are 2%, 8%, and 11% less likely to take an overnight trip if drinking water tastes slightly, moderately, or very salty at their chosen destination. The majority of those who decline a trip would take a trip to another NC beach without water quality issues, others would take another type of recreational trip, with a minority opting to stay home. Willingness to pay for an overnight beach trip declines with the salty taste of drinking water. We find evidence of attribute non‐attendance in the stated preference data, which impacts the regression model and estimates of the willingness to pay for trips. Combining economic and hydrological models, annual aggregate benefit losses due to low drinking water quality could be as high as $232 million by 2040.
Gas Transfer Across Air‐Water Interfaces in Inland Waters: From Micro‐Eddies to Super‐Statistics
Authors: Katul Gabriel , Bragg Andrew , Mammarella Ivan , Liu Heping , Li Qi , Bou‐Zeid Elie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn inland water covering lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, the gas exchange of slightly soluble gases such as carbon dioxide, dimethyl sulfide, methane, or oxygen across a clean and nearly flat air‐water interface is routinely described using a water‐side mean gas transfer velocity , where overline indicates time or ensemble averaging. The micro‐eddy surface renewal model predicts , where is the molecular Schmidt number, is the water kinematic viscosity, and is the waterside mean turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate at or near the interface. While has been reported across a number of data sets, others report large scatter or variability around this value range. It is shown here that this scatter can be partly explained by high temporal variability in instantaneous around , a mechanism that was not previously considered. As the coefficient of variation in increases, must be adjusted by a multiplier that was derived from a log‐normal model for the probability density function of . Reported variations in with a macro‐scale Reynolds number can also be partly attributed to intermittency effects in . Such intermittency is characterized by the long‐range (i.e., power‐law decay) spatial auto‐correlation function of . That varies with a macro‐scale Reynolds number does not necessarily violate the micro‐eddy model. Instead, it points to a coordination between the macro‐ and micro‐scales arising from the transfer of energy across scales in the energy cascade.