bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing the Essential Informational Needs of a Smartphone Application for Self‐Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Asadi Farkhondeh , Hosseini Azamossadat , Daeechini Amir Hossein 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic digestive disease that has a detrimental effect on the quality of life of IBD patients. This study aims to identify the informational needs and design the essential informational needs for a smartphone application for the self‐management of IBD.MethodsThis study was conducted in two stages and the informational needs of the patients were extracted in a questionnaire designed in three separate sections and given to 120 patients with UC and 60 patients with CD.ResultsAfter a literature review and analysis of patient responses, it was found that Knowledge of the disease, Medication, Educational information, Complications, Diet & Nutrition, and Lifestyle habits are among the most important domains of informational needs of inflammatory bowel disease patients.ConclusionPatients with IBD have many informational needs, and in this study, identifying these needs, can help improve the quality of life of these patients and be of interest to healthcare providers, designers, and developers of applications.
MHD Mass Transfer Flow in Presence of Chemical Reaction, Thermal Radiation, and Thermal Diffusion Effect
Authors: Ahmed Nazibuddin , Deka Hiren , Haloi Puja 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe present work is interested in investigating the impacts of chemical reaction, magnetic field, thermal radiation, heat sink, and thermal diffusion on a steady two‐dimensional MHD convection‐free heat and mass transfer flow past a semi‐infinite upright porous plate. The dimensionless domain equations are solved analytically using the perturbation technique for two distinct scenarios: (a) small suction and (b) large suction. The effects of various crucial parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, as well as on the skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are graphically illustrated, and the subsequent discussion is rooted on the derived outcomes. Graphical representations were created utilizing MATLAB software. The results suggest that an increase in the Soret effect elevates both the momentum and concentration boundary layers while reducing the mass transfer rate, regardless of the suction intensity. Our research also identified a captivating result where fluid velocity escalates with higher magnetic values in the scenario of large suction, while it demonstrates contrasting behavior under small suction condition. The present investigation holds significant relevance across various industrial sectors, including uranium enrichment, petrology, petroleum reservoirs, polymer fractionation, among others.
Thermo‐Solutal Nonlinear Convection in a Nanofluid Flow Past a Porous Plate in the Presence of Heat Generation/Absorption
Authors: Dey Sudip , Mukhopadhyay Swati , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study is to analyze the effects of thermo‐solutal nonlinear convection in a nanofluid flow past a vertical permeable plate in the presence of heat generation/absorption and a first‐order chemical reaction. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis have been included in this study. By using similarity transformations, the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are obtained from the governing partial differential equations (PDEs). Then by using a Runge‐Kutta (R‐K) method coupled with a shooting technique, numerical solutions are obtained. The effects of the relevant physical parameters on the velocity, the temperature, and the nanoparticle volume fraction are analyzed. When the magnitude of the thermal buoyancy parameter and solutal buoyancy parameter increase, the fluid velocity initially rises rapidly and then diminishes. But the temperature and concentration fields reduce. Near the plate, the fluid velocity is found to enhance with increasing values of the thermo‐quadratic convection parameter as well as with the rising values of the solutal‐quadratic convection parameter. However, both the temperature and the nanoparticle volume fraction reduce. The results of this study are interesting and motivating for further investigations on the problem for different situations and with different geometries.
Simulation of Magnetic Field Effects on Heat and Mass Transfer in a Porous Spline Half‐Cylinder Using ANN and ISPH Approaches
Authors: Alotaibi Munirah Aali , Alhejaili Weaam , Almalki Samiyah , Aly Abdelraheem M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study utilizes Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) simulations to explore the effects of magnetic fields on heat and mass transfer in a porous spline half‐cylinder filled with Nano‐Encapsulated Phase Change Material (NEPCM). Simulations were conducted over a range of physical parameters: buoyancy ratio () from −2 to 2, Darcy number () from 10−5 to 10−2, Hartmann number () from 0 to 50, Rayleigh number (Ra) from 103 to 106, and fusion temperature from 0.05 to 0.9. The results demonstrate that increasing the Ha reduces heat transfer efficiency by up to 15%, as the magnetic field stabilizes fluid flow and enhances conduction. Conversely, increasing the Ra improves heat transfer efficiency by approximately 25% due to enhanced convection and mixing. The buoyancy ratio significantly influences fluid flow, with higher values favoring concentration‐driven buoyancy, while lower values enhance temperature‐driven convection. The Da affects permeability, with higher values promoting convective heat transfer and dynamic flow, whereas lower values result in stable, conductive heat transfer. Fusion temperature impacts phase change behavior, affecting heat capacity and flow dynamics through latent heat absorption. These insights underscore the critical role of optimizing these parameters to enhance performance in applications such as thermal energy storage and industrial processes involving phase change materials.
Forecasting Digital Asset Return: An Application of Machine Learning Model
Authors: Ciciretti Vito , Pallotta Alberto , Lodh Suman , Senyo P. K. , Nandy Monomita 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, we aim to identify the machine learning model that can overcome the limitations of traditional statistical modelling techniques in forecasting Bitcoin prices. Also, we outline the necessary conditions that make the model suitable. We draw on a multivariate large data set of Bitcoin prices and its market microstructure variables and apply three machine learning models, namely double deep Q‐learning, XGBoost and ARFIMA‐GARCH. The findings show that the double deep Q‐learning model outperforms the others in terms of returns and Sortino ratio and is capable of one‐step‐ahead sign forecast of the returns even on synthetic data. These critical insights in forecasting literature will support practitioners and regulators to identify an economically viable cryptocurrency forecasting return model.
Advances in the Construction and Application of Bone‐on‐a‐Chip Based on Microfluidic Technologies
Authors: Zhong Chang , Tang Zihui , Yu Xin , Wang Lu , Ren Chenyuan , Qin Liying , Zhou Ping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBone‐on‐a‐chip (BOC) models that based on microfluidic technology have widely applied to understand bone physiology and the pathogenesis of related diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of bone biology and related diseases, explain the advantages and applications of microfluidic technology in the construction of BOC models, and summarize their progress in physiology, pathology, and drug development. Finally, we discussed the problems to be solved and the future directions of microfluidic technology and BOC platforms, so as to provide a reference for researchers to design better BOC models.
Data Breach Notification Laws and Corporate Tax Planning
Authors: Zhu Yicheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the impact of data breaches on corporate tax planning in the United States. The results reveal that when a firm's headquarter is located in a state that has adopted a data breach notification (DBN) law, there is a significant 3.8% decrease in the long‐term effective tax rate. This reduction translates to annual tax savings of approximately $8.13 million. Furthermore, tax sheltering is found to decrease by 19.17% compared to the sample average. These effects are particularly pronounced in financially constrained firms and those operating in high‐tech industries. The findings suggest that after the introduction of mandatory data breach disclosure requirements, firms are less inclined to engage in aggressive tax avoidance practices, which could otherwise lead to increased litigation costs. Instead, they prioritize efficient tax planning strategies to improve after‐tax cash flows.
Distinctive Gait Variations and Neuroimaging Correlates in Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Zhou Xia , Yin Wen‐Wen , Huang Chao‐Juan , Sun Si‐Lu , Li Zhi‐Wei , Li Ming‐Xu , Ren Meng‐Meng , Tang Ya‐Ting , Yin Jia‐Bin , Zheng Wen‐Hui , Zhang Chao , Song Yu , Wan Ke , Sun Yue , Zhu Xiao‐Qun , Sun Zhong‐Wu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBoth Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) manifest in cognitive impairment and gait disorders. The precise similarities and differences in gait characteristics and underlying neuroimaging mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsA total of 399 participants were enrolled: 132 with probable AD, including 98 with mild cognitive impairment due to AD (AD‐MCI) and 34 with AD dementia, and 185 with CSVD and 82 healthy controls. CSVD patients with cognitive impairment, including subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and subcortical vascular dementia, were grouped as subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI). Voxel‐based morphology analysis assessed grey matter volume (GMV), while cerebral blood flow (CBF) was derived from 3D‐arterial spin labelling data. Gait metrics included the timed up and go (TUG) test, dual‐task TUG (DTUG) test, Berg balance scale (BBS), dual‐task cost (DTC), step length, gait speed, cadence and coefficient of variation of gait. The relationships among structural and perfusion variations, gait metrics and cognitive function were examined.ResultsSVCI patients exhibited greater gait impairments and variability than those with AD, while AD patients experienced higher DTC (p < 0.05). These differences were most evident in the MCI stage. In AD, gait speed correlated with GMV in the left middle occipital gyrus (F = 6.149), middle temporal gyrus (F = 4.595), right precuneus (F = 5.174) and other regions (all p < 0.025). In SVCI, gait speed was linked to thalamic GMV (F = 6.004, p < 0.025). Altered CBF in the parietal lobe and precuneus was associated with DTUG (F = 5.672), gait speed (F = 4.347) and BBS (F = 4.153) in AD, while cerebellar CBF related to TUG (F = 6.042), DTUG (F = 4.857) and BBS (F = 7.097) in SVCI (all p < 0.025). In AD‐MCI, memory mediated the effect of hippocampal volume on DTC (indirect effect: −2.432, 95% CI [−5.503, −0.438]), while executive function (indirect effect: −2.920, 95% CI [−7.227, −0.695]) and processing speed (indirect effect: −2.286, 95% CI [−5.174, −0.484]) mediated the effect on DTUG. In svMCI, executive function mediated the effect of thalamic volume on step length (indirect effect: 2.309, 95% CI [0.486, 4.685]) and gait speed (indirect effect: 2.029, 95% CI [0.142, 4.588]), while processing speed mediated the effect on step length (indirect effect: 1.777, 95% CI [0.311, 4.021]).ConclusionsDifferent gait disorder characteristics and mechanisms were observed in AD and CSVD patients. In AD, gait is associated with volume/perfusion in posterior brain regions, whereas in SVCI, it relates to thalamic volume and cerebellar perfusion. Cognitive impairment mediates the effect of hippocampal and thalamic volumes on gait in AD‐MCI and svMCI, respectively.
Reduction of oil absorption and acrylamide content in banana slices by infrared frying
Authors: Su Ya , Sun Menglin , Chen Ying , Azam S. M. Roknul , Liu Zhenbin , Zheng Tiesong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe crust characteristics of fried crisps determine their oil absorption. Starch structures, as the main components of fried starchy fruits and vegetables, influence their crust formation and properties. This study investigated the reduction of oil uptake and acrylamide content in infrared‐fried (IF) banana slices by modifying starch structures at varying infrared power levels.ResultsInfrared heating improved heat transfer and surface moisture removal in fried banana slices. It facilitated crust formation in the IF samples and produced increased crust uniformity, crust ratio, and hardness. Analysis of the porous properties showed that the volume fraction of pores sized 100–250 μm was reduced in IF samples but the proportion of pores with a diameter ranging from 0.02 to 10 μm was increased. Infrared frying reduced the total oil uptake, surface oil, and structural oil content in banana slices, and each of these measures decreased as infrared power levels increased. Characterization of the starch structures suggested that the damage to the crystalline structure was increased in IF samples and more starch‐lipid complexes were generated, which would be responsible for the formation of a denser and thicker crust. The acrylamide content in the IF sample was reduced, as determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).ConclusionModifications to starch structures (crystalline structures and chemical structures) play a crucial role in oil absorption in fried starchy fruits and vegetables. Infrared frying can be used as an alternative method to produce low‐fat fruits and vegetable crisps with reduced acrylamide content. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Challenges and outcomes of airway surgery in a post‐war low‐resource setting: A case series from Mekelle, Ethiopia
Authors: Eyassu Daniel G. , Candelo Estephania , Asgedom Brhanu H. , Wallerius Katherine P. , Twardus Shaina W. , Niermeyer Weston L. , Green Katerina J. , Athni Tejas S. , Wiedermann Joshua P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to document and analyze the challenges and outcomes of performing complex airway surgery in a low‐resource, post‐war setting in Mekelle, Ethiopia.MethodsThis prospective case series examines clinical data from five patients who underwent airway reconstruction surgeries and one patient who underwent total laryngectomy at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Mekelle. Data included patient demographics, airway stenosis etiology and severity, operative details, postoperative outcomes, complications, and hospital length of stay. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional review boards at Mayo Clinic and Mekelle University.ResultsThe study included six patients aged 9–62 years, with surgeries comprising three cricotracheal resections, two tracheal resections, and one laryngectomy. Three reconstructions were for war‐related injuries. Challenges included power outages during surgeries, limitations in medical supplies and equipment, and inadequate perioperative care. Despite these, three patients requiring tracheostomies were successfully decannulated within a year. However, complications such as restenosis, infections, and the need for reintubation were common.ConclusionAirway surgeries in a low‐resource, post‐war setting face significant hurdles, including perioperative care quality, resource limitations, and infrastructure issues. Successful outcomes require multidisciplinary training tailored to local contexts, investments in hospital infrastructure and reliable electricity, and proper perioperative nutrition. This study highlights the need for comprehensive interventions to improve surgical care in such settings.Level of evidence: IV.
The Academic Community Early Psychosis Intervention Network: Toward building a novel learning health system across six US states
Authors: Vohs Jenifer L. , Srihari Vinod , Vinson Alexandra H. , Lapidos Adrienne , Cahill John , Taylor Stephan F. , Heckers Stephan , Weiss Ashley , Chaudhry Serena , Silverstein Steve , Tso Ivy F. , Breitborde Nicholas J. K. , Breier Alan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionCompared to usual care, specialty services for first‐episode psychosis (FES) have superior patient outcomes. The Early Psychosis Intervention Network (EPINET), comprised of eight U.S. regional clinical networks, aims to advance the quality of FES care within the ethos of learning healthcare systems (LHS). Among these, the Academic Community (AC) EPINET was established to provide FES care, collect common data elements, leverage informatics, foster a culture of continuous learning and quality improvement, and engage in practice‐based research.MethodsWe designed and implemented a novel LHS of university‐affiliated FES programs within a hub (academic leadership team) and spoke (FES clinics) model. A series of site implementation meetings engaged stakeholders, setting the stage for a culture that values data collection and shared learning. We built clinical workflows to collect common data elements at enrollment and at consecutive 6‐month intervals in parallel to an informatics workflow to deliver outcome visualizations and drive quality improvement efforts.ResultsAll six clinical sites successfully implemented data capture workflows and engaged in the process of designing the informatics platform. Upon developing the structure, processes, and initial culture of the LHS, a total of 614 patients enrolled in AC‐EPINET, with the most common primary diagnoses of schizophrenia (32.1%) and unspecified psychotic disorders (23.6%). Visualized outcomes were delivered to clinical teams who began to consider locally relevant quality improvement projects.ConclusionsAC‐EPINET is a novel LHS, with a simultaneous focus on science, informatics, incentives, and culture. The work of developing AC‐EPINET thus far has highlighted the need for future LHS’ to be mindful of the complexities of data security issues, develop more automated informatic workflows, resource quality assurance efforts, and attend to building the cultural infrastructure with the input of all stakeholders.
Isoselective Polymerization of 1‐Vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and a Terpene Derived Monomer S‐4‐Isopropenyl‐1‐vinyl‐1‐cyclohexene (IVC), and Its Binary Copolymerization with Linear Terpenes
Authors: Grimaldi Ilaria , D'Amato Assunta , Gambardella Mariarosaria C. , Buonerba Antonio , Marzocchi Raffaele , Auriemma Finizia , Capacchione Carmine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe advancement of stereoregular polymerization techniques for linear 1,3‐dienes has enabled the production of polymers with precise stereocontrol, influencing their physical and chemical properties significantly. While 1,3‐butadiene and isoprene yield diverse stereoregular polymers, cyclic dienes have received less attention due to catalyst challenges and limited application in the rubber industry. However, the growing interest in bio‐based monomers, particularly those derived from terpenes and terpenoids, has revitalized interest in cyclic monomers with conjugated double bonds. This study investigates 1‐vinylcyclohexene (VCH) polymerization using [OSSO]‐type titanium complexes 1–2, revealing significant regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Catalyst 2, incorporating cumyl substituents, demonstrates superior performance, yielding highly isotactic poly(VCH) with 3,4‐insertion predominance. It is also shown that the polymerization of S‐4‐isopropenyl‐1‐vinyl‐1‐cyclohexene (IVC), a bio‐based monomer, results in a highly isotactic polymer. Finally, the copolymerization results of IVC with two linear terpenes to obtain copolymers derived entirely from renewable sources are also reported.
Effects of Preoperative Hemoglobin on Microsurgical Reconstruction and Perioperative Blood Transfusion Requirement: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Manasyan Artur , Stanton Eloise W. , Roohani Idean , Boudiab Elizabeth , Koesters Emma , Daar David A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeAlthough blood loss in microsurgical reconstruction is rarely large enough to be life‐threatening, preoperative anemia can be a particular issue in terms of postoperative morbidity, impaired wound healing, and compromised tissue viability. We seek to review the effect of preoperative hemoglobin (Hgb) levels on perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) requirements and complications to guide management of patients with preexisting anemia undergoing reconstruction.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Scopus were queried for relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were as follows: original studies investigating outcomes and PBT requirements in flap‐based reconstruction based on preoperative Hgb levels. Patient and study characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A meta‐analysis was conducted to assess transfusion requirements across the included studies using Stata (version 18.0 Stata Corp, College Station, Texas, USA). The Fisher method was used to aggregate individual study p values into a single combined value to statistically assess the combined findings, where a p value of < 0.05 was set as statistically significant.ResultsOne thousand three hundred and eighty‐nine studies were screened for title and abstract relevance, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 61,116 patients. Meta‐analysis of the studies revealed a PBT requirement of 36.2% for anemic individuals, significantly higher than the 20.0% for those with normal preoperative Hgb levels (p < 0.001), with an average 4.9 versus 2.4 units of packed red blood cells being transfused (p < 0.001). The majority of studies concluded that preoperative anemia was associated with medical complications, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and infection (p < 0.001). While six studies reported a significant relationship between low preoperative Hgb and flap morbidity (flap loss and partial flap necrosis), two studies found no correlation. The overall postoperative complication rate across the studies was 42.2% among patients with low preoperative Hgb levels, whereas the nonanemic group demonstrated a markedly lower rate of 13.9% (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe existing evidence is strongly suggestive of increased PBT requirement in patients with anemia, highlighting the necessity for preoperative optimization of Hgb levels and intraoperative monitoring. While preliminary evidence demonstrates a relationship between anemia and medical complications, more research is warranted to characterize the specific association between preoperative Hgb levels and flap morbidity.