bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance knowledge among general practitioners.
Authors: Kobiela Jarek , Spychalski Piotr , Graff Krzysztof , Marek Iwona , Siebert Janusz , Adrych Krystian , Kobiela Paulina , Wieszczy Paulina , Reguła Jarosław , Kamiński Michał F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Screening has been shown to be effective in reducing CRC incidence and mortality. Adherence to the guidelines of surveillance after polypectomy is considered key. In most countries including Poland general practitioners (GPs) are responsible for referring patients for surveillance colonoscopy.
The aim of the study was to examine the knowledge of post-polypectomy surveillance among GPs in Poland.
Methods
We have designed five scenarios of post-polypectomy surveillance based on European guidelines adapted by the Polish Society of Gastroenterology. The scenarios described different risk groups based on the characteristics of the removed polyps requiring different time intervals of surveillance colonoscopy. They were supplemented with basic demographic data of the surveyed GP. The questionnaire was carried out by surveyors during a national congress of GPs.
Results
A total of 340 questionnaires were filled by GPs. None of the surveyed doctors gave correct answers in all questions. The knowledge of post-polypectomy surveillance is very unsatisfactory (correct answers 1.2%-55.0%). One year surveillance interval was the most commonly chosen interval regardless risk groups based on the characteristics of the removed polyps. In 4 of 5 scenarios the surveillance overuse ranged 42.1%-98.5%. In a high risk group scenario surveillance was underused in 45.0%.
Conclusions
Post-polypectomy surveillance schemes are not known to GPs with a significant trend towards overuse. Strict adherence to guidelines should be pursued to include written recommendation on surveillance program in the final endoscopy report. Efforts should be made by public health policy makers to increase knowledge of surveillance schemes among GPs.
Investigation on Intervention Effects of Applying Proton Pump Inhibitors in Inpatients
Authors: Qing Guotong , Wu Jian , Wei Runfong , Wu Di , Gou Yipping , Huonh Lizheng , Wu Shenjun , Jiesisibieke Zhu Liduzi , Chien Ching-Wen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background. To investigate the intervention effect of clinical pharmacists on irrational use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in clinicians. Methods. A cross-sectional study was used to through the hospital information management system survey, before intervention (July 15th, 2016, Aug 15th, 2016 and Sep 15th 2016) and dry prognosis (July 15th, 2017, Aug 15th, 2017 and Sep 15th, 2017) all the use of PPIs inpatients related information. According to the guidelines of "drug instructions" and "experts on stress ulcer prevention and treatment experts", the standard of drug use was formulated, and the use of PPIs before and after intervention was evaluated and analyzed in accordance with the standard, and the results of intervention were evaluated. Results. The total number of hospitalized patients surveyed before the intervention was 1,693, the average utilization rate of proton pump inhibitors was 27.05% and the coincidence rate was 52.40%. The total number of hospitalized patients investigated after the intervention was 2,095, the average utilization rate of proton pump inhibitors was 8.54%, and the coincidence rate was 68.16%. Before and after the intervention, there was no difference in gender ratio and age distribution, the decrease of the utilization rate and the improvements of the qualified rate after intervention were statistically significant.Conclusion. According to the standards of PPIs, clinical pharmacists strictly implement the special prescription review system and other intervention measures, which can significantly improve the level of PPIs rational clinical medication.
Evaluating Developmental Stages of Total Health Expenditures in China
Authors: jie Qiu lei , Li Xu , Wang Yan , Liu Qian , Ma Anning , Ma Guifeng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective This study evaluated developmental stages and trends of Total Healthcare Expenditure (THE) of 18 provinces in China. We explored characteristics of different development stages during healthcare expenditure, to provide scientific reference for China's healthcare policy making and regional healthcare planning.Methods Firstly, curve fitting and parameter estimation using SPSS21 software were carried out for the Logistic function model, and then the three-point or four-point method was applied to estimate the value of saturation K. Finally the Logistic function equation and fitting graph were obtained. According to the nature of Logistic curve, the study divided THE into three stages, gradual, rapid and slow growth, and predicted and analyzed THE developments in 18 provinces.Results By 2019, 15 provinces have entered a period of rapid THE growth. Regionally, the time to enter fast growth period early to late are in the order of northeast ( in 2005), east China ( in 2008), northwest ( in 2010), south China ( in 2013), north China ( in 2015) and southwest ( in 2015). The earliest province to enter rapid growth period is Liaoning province (in 2005), Shandong province enter the period at latest (in 2045). In 2027, all 18 provinces will enter the rapid growth period, and end in 2045. In this period, rapid growth in total health expense will last for about 23 years, with an average annual growth rate of 8.69%. Conclusions THE growth pattern is in line with typical trend of "slow-fast-slow" growth function. The expense developments vary between regions. Eastern region entered rapid and slow growth period later than the central and western regions. THE development stages and duration of the rapid growth period is correlated to regional economic level. The earlier it enters the fast growth period, the shorter it lasts, and vice versa. The government should take advantage of this period, from 2015 to 2029, to make policy preparations to respond THE rapid growth in China.
Exploring women’s perceptions of pain when breastfeeding using online methods
Authors: Caes Line , Abbott Katie , Currie Sinead 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Despite benefits, many mothers stop breastfeeding soon after birth. A common reason for this is the experience of pain or discomfort. One resource which women use to share their breastfeeding challenges and seek support are online forums. This study aimed to collect data from online forums to explore 1) usage of forums as social support for breastfeeding related pain; 2) experiences of breastfeeding related pain; 3) perceptions and strategies to deal with breastfeeding related pain; and 4) the impact of pain on breastfeeding duration. Methods : This secondary analysis of data involved searches of online forums: Netmums, What to Expect and Mumsnet using key terms including ‘ painful breastfeeding’ and ‘sore breastfeeding’ . Data included 123 posts and 193 replies, which were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The first theme identified was ‘variation in types of pain’, highlighting the variety of painful experiences and their descriptions. Secondly, ‘perceived causes and explanations for pain’ revealed pain ascribed being due to a recognised condition or behavioural cause. The third theme ‘cessation of breastfeeding related to pain’ identified both physical and psychological struggles related to breastfeeding and cessation. Finally, ‘shared experiences and support’ identified practical or emotional support to deal with pain. Conclusion: Pain was a key reason for breastfeeding cessation, commonly associated with strong feelings of guilt. The online forums provide a unique form of social support for breastfeeding women to find ways to cope with the pain, while highlighting the urgent need for more appropriate antenatal education on realistic expectation surrounding breastfeeding.
Allogeneic human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial(the MSC-BPD Trial)
Authors: Wu Xian , Xia Yunqiu , Zhou Ou , Song Yan , Zhang Xianhong , Tian Daiyin , Li Qubei , Shu Chang , Liu Enmei , Yuan Xiaoping , He Ling , Liu Chengjun , Li Jing , Liang Xiaohua , Yang Ke , Fu Zhou , Zou Lin , Bao Lei , Dai Jihong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex lung pathological lesion secondary to multiple factors, and one of the most common chronic lung diseases with poor prognosis, especially in preterm infants with severe BPD. However, there is lack of effective therapies for this disease. Stem cell therapy has been shown a promising way for improving lung injury and abnormal alveolarization, and human umbilical cord (hUC) is a good resource for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have demonstrated in some other diseases. We hypothesis that intravenous allogeneic hUC-MSCs is safe and effective for severe BPD.
Methods/design: The MSC-BPD trial is a randomized single-center open-label and dose-escalation phase II trial designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of hUC-MSCs in children with severe BPD. In this study, 48 patients will be enrolled and randomly divided into two intervention groups and one control group. Patients in the intervention groups will be receive a low dose of hUC-MSCs (n=16, 2.5 million cells/kg) or a high dose of hUC-MSCs (n=16, 5 million cells/kg) in combination with traditional supportive treatments for BPD. The patients in the control group (n=16) will be treated with traditional supportive treatments alone without receiving hUC-MSCs treatment. The primary outcome measures will be the cumulative duration of oxygen therapy. Follow-up assessments will be performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months after interventions, and the key outcome during follow-up will be the chest radiography changes. Statistical analyses will evaluate the efficacy of the hUC-MScs treatment.
Discussion: This study will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous hUC-MSCs in children with severe BPD. Results of the trial will provide a new evidence-based therapy for severe BPD.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03601416. Registered on 26th July 2018.
Key words: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, clinical trial, protocol.
Examination of preterm babies for ROP referred to an eye department from an urban and semi-urban neonatal intensive care unit: implications for practice.
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Dave Prachi Abhishek , Gurav Prachi , Agarwal Manisha , Jajoo Mamta , Gupta Vidit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To study and analyse the factors affecting the proportion of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) distribution between the urban and semi-urban regions in North India.
Methods: Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study. All babies referred for ROP examination by paediatricians or other general ophthalmologists between 2013 – 2016 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical and treatment related findings were recorded.
Results: Five hundred and fifty-eight (467: urban & 91: semi urban) babies were examined for ROP. The mean birth weight in the urban and semi-urban setting was 1348.6 ± 395.21 gm and 1703.77 ± 401.76 gm respectively. The mean gestational age was 30.99 ± 2.93 weeks and 30.73 ± 2.08 weeks in the urban and semi-urban cohorts respectively. The average time for first ophthalmic examination following birth was 23.82 ± 13.69 (range: 3-77) days in the urban and 101.16 ± 238.26 (range: 13- 330) days in the semi-urban setting. 94% of the babies completed all screening examination visits. Any ROP was identified in 11.6% and 33.0% of the urban and semi-urban cohorts respectively; Type 1 was detected in 7.5% of urban babies and 23.1% of semi-urban babies
Conclusion: Differences in the proportion of babies developing any ROP and Type 1 ROP between the semi-urban and urban groups is likely due to selection bias, as a high proportion of semi-urban babies did not attend for examination or failed to complete all the examinations necessary. This was particularly true for females. More needs to be done to increase access to regular, systematic screening of preterm babies within neonatal units.
Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Prognosis in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Ranibizumab
Authors: Hu Yuxiang , Cheng Yi , Xu Xiaoxuan , Yang Bo , Mei Feng , Zhou Qiong , Yan Li , Wang Jun , Wu Xiaorong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To investigate the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated monthly with ranibizumab.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of all patients who received intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) treatment for DME at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between December 2015 and December 2017. Clinicopathological parameters, including NLR, were evaluated to identify predictors of better outcomes of IVR monotherapy.

Results: Ninety-one treatment-naïve eyes treated with IVR for DME were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), neutrophils, NLR, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were negatively correlated with the changes in BCVA at 24 weeks compared with the baseline, while baseline central retinal thickness and lymphocytes were positively correlated with the changes in BCVA at 24 weeks compared with the baseline. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that NLR was independently associated with the mean change of BCVA between baseline and week 24. In addition, patients with NLR < 2.27 showed a better improvement in letter score than those with NLR > 2.27.

Conclusion: Pretreatment NLR is independently associated with the BCVA in DME patients treated with IVR, and higher pretreatment NLR may contribute to inferior BCVA outcomes.
HLA-B*5701 Allele Prevalence in Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients from Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Buitrago Ernesto , Oñate José Millán , García-Goez José Fernando , Álvarez Jorge , Lenis William , Sañudo Luz Marina , Rubiano Luisa Consuelo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
IBackground: The HLA-B*57:01 allele is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir. Due to the lack of knowledge of HLA-B*57:01 prevalence in Colombia, routine screening is not performed and is not recommended by the national guidelines. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 in HIV population from Colombia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included naïve HIV-infected adults from 13 cities of the country. The presence of HLA-B*57:01 was determined by using SSP-PCR in blood samples. Prevalence rates were stratified by sex, race, and region of origin. Results: HLA-B*57:01 allele prevalence in Colombian HIV-infected individuals was 2.7%. When stratifying for the race, the prevalence was 4% for whites, 2.6% for other race (mainly mestizo), and 1.9% for Afro-Colombians. The prevalence varied from 0% up to 11.4% depending on the department of origin. The highest prevalence rates were found in Caldas (11.4%), Antioquia (5%), Risaralda (4.8%), and Valle del Cauca (4.3%). When distributed by country zones, the central, with a racial predominance of Caucasians and mestizos, was the highest (6.0%, 0R=4.1, CI 1.2 – 12.8, p=0,016). Conclusions: The overall prevalence of HLA-B*57:01 in Colombia was lower than the reported rates for other Latin American countries such as Brazil, Costa Rica, and Argentina, but similar in comparison to Chile and Mexico. The diversity in the racial and ethnic heritage shown in our data supports the recommendation to implement routine screening for the HLA-B*57:01 allele before initiation of abacavir-containing antiretroviral therapy in the Colombian HIV management guidelines.
Mechanisms of Gene Rearrangement in 13 Bothids Based on Comparison with a Newly Completed Mitogenome of the Threespot Flounder, Grammatobothus polyophthalmus (Pleuronectiformes: Bothidae)
Authors: Luo Hairong , Kong Xiaoyu , Chen Shixi , Shi Wei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The previously characterized mitogenomes of 12 teleost fish of the bothid family (order Pleuronectiformes) indicated that the genomic-scale rearrangements occurred in this teleost lineage. A novel mechanism of genomic rearrangement called the Dimer-Mitogenome and Non-Random Loss (DMNL) model was used to account for the rearrangement found in one of these bothids, Crossorhombus azureus. Results: The 18170 bp mitogenome of G. polyophthalmus contains 37 genes, two control regions (CRs), and the origin of replication of the L-strand (OL). This mitogenome is characterized by genomic-scale rearrangements: genes located on the L-strand are grouped in an 8-gene cluster (Q-A-C-Y-S1-ND6-E-P) that does not include tRNA-N; genes found on the H-strand are grouped together (F-12S … CytB-T) except for tRNA-D that was translocated inside the 8-gene L-strand cluster. Compared to non-rearranged mitogenomes of teleost fishes, gene organization in the mitogenome of G. polyophthalmus and in that of the other 12 bothids characterized thus far is very similar. These rearrangements could be sorted into four types (Type I, II, III and IV), differing in the particular combination of the CR, tRNA-D gene and 8-gene cluster and the shuffling of tRNA-V. The DMNL model was used to account for all but one gene rearrangement found in all 13 bothid mitogenomes. Translocation of tRNA-D most likely occurred after the DMNL process in 10 bothid mitogenomes and could have occurred either before or after DMNL in the three other species. During the DMNL process, the tRNA-N gene was retained rather than the expected tRNA-N′ gene. tRNA-N appears to assist in or act as OL function when the OL secondary structure could not be formed from intergenic sequences. A striking finding was that each of the non-transcribed genes has degenerated to a shorter intergenic spacer during the DMNL process. These findings highlight a rare phenomenon in teleost fish. Conclusions: This result provides significant evidence to support the existence of dynamic dimeric mitogenomes and the DMNL model as the mechanism of gene rearrangement in bothid mitogenomes, which not only promotes the understanding of mitogenome structural diversity, but also sheds light on mechanisms of mitochondrial genome rearrangement and replication.
Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the adsorption of Direct Red 23 dye from aqueous solution using montmorillonite nanoclay
Authors: Mahvi Amir Hossein , Dalvand Arash 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this research, the adsorption of the Direct Red 23 dye from synthetic textile wastewater using nanoclay was studied in a batch system. The properties of nanoclay were investigated by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, and EDX analysis. The specific surface area of the nanoclay was determined using Sear's method. The results revealed that with increasing adsorbent dose and contact time and decreasing pH, ionic strength, and adsorbate concentration, dye removal efficiency has increased. Nanoclay could remove 99.4% dye from the solution containing 50 mg/L dye at 30 min. The results indicated that dye removal followed pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 &gt; 0.99) and the Langmuir isotherm. According to the findings, nanoclay is an effective adsorbent for direct dye removal from wastewater.
Water quality monitoring: from conventional to emerging technologies
Authors: Ahmed Umair , Mumtaz Rafia , Anwar Hirra , Mumtaz Sadaf , Qamar Ali Mustafa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The rapid urbanization and industrial development have resulted in water contamination and water quality deterioration at an alarming rate, deeming its quick, inexpensive and accurate detection imperative. Conventional methods to measure water quality are lengthy, expensive and inefficient, including the manual analysis process carried out in a laboratory. The research work in this paper focuses on the problem from various perspectives, including the traditional methods of determining water quality to gain insight into the problem and the analysis of state-of-the-art technologies, including Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning techniques to address water quality. After analyzing the currently available solutions, this paper proposes an IoT-based low-cost system employing machine learning techniques to monitor water quality in real time, analyze water quality trends and detect anomalous events such as intentional contamination of water.
Correlation of Warm and Cold Ischemic Time to Graft Function in Kidney Transplant: A Single Centre Report
Authors: Nugroho Eriawan A. , Hidayat Arif , Hidayat Ahsanu T. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Kidney transplantation has been known as a major advancement of modern medicine which provides high-quality life years to patients with irreversible kidney failure (end-stage renal disease, ESRD) worldwide. The first kidney transplantation in Semarang was carried out at Telogorejo Hospital in 1985. Dr. Kariadi Hospital, has also undertaken kidney transplantation 28 times since January 2014 until September 2018. Kidney ischemic time is one of the most important factors which can affect the outcome of kidney transplantation. Prolonged ischemia of the graft can be related to transplantation’s effects. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of warm and cold ischemic time on the outcome of kidney transplantation in Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang.

Material and Methods:
This is an observational, cross-sectional study. The data was collected from medical record of all patients who underwent kidney transplantation from January 2014 until December 2018 and the level of creatinine and urine production before and after transplantation was documented. A total of 28 patients were registered and completed the inclusion criteria. The results of the study were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0. The relationship was declared meaningful if p = 0.05 was obtained.

Result:
From the analysis of the research that has been done using the Pearson correlation test and hypothesis test Wilcoxon, it was found that there was a relationship between ischemic time and a decrease in creatinine level from r = -0.4489 with a value of p = 0.008. From the analysis of the research, a relationship between ischemic time and urine production was found after transplantation with a value of r = -0.562 and a value of p = 0.002.

Conclusion:
The results of this study show a strong correlation between the length of total ischemic time with a decrease in creatinine and urine production which means that the longer ischemic time, the lower the decrease in creatinine levels and the lesser the urine production.