bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of patients with enhanced myometrial vascularity associated with retained products of conception
Authors: Groszmann Y. S. , Healy Murphy A. L. , Benacerraf B. R. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the complication rate, including estimated amount of blood loss, in patients undergoing dilation and curettage (D&C) for the treatment of retained products of conception with markedly enhanced myometrial vascularity mimicking arteriovenous malformation.MethodsThis was a retrospective medical‐records review study of patients with retained products of conception with enhanced myometrial vascularity presenting to our ultrasound unit between August 2015 and August 2017. Color/power Doppler imaging was used subjectively to identify the degree and extent of vascularity. All patients underwent D&C, and their operative reports and medical records were reviewed to see if ultrasound guidance was used, to ascertain estimated blood loss and to identify complications during or after the procedure.ResultsThe study group included 31 patients, of whom seven had retained products of conception after a vaginal delivery and 24 had retained products of conception after a first‐trimester termination or miscarriage. The largest dimension of the region of enhanced myometrial vascularity ranged from 10 mm to 53 mm, with 14/31 having a width of ≥ 20 mm. Fifteen patients underwent a standard D&C procedure, 13 an ultrasound‐guided procedure and three hysteroscopy. Estimated operative blood loss varied from negligible to a maximum of 400 mL. There were no intraoperative complications, although one patient was treated for presumed endometritis.ConclusionsAn increasing number of studies describe the enhanced myometrial vascularity associated with retained products of conception as ‘acquired arteriovenous malformation’, with some recommending management with uterine‐artery embolization. Our study demonstrates that the enhanced myometrial vascularity is associated with retained products of conception, and surgical removal by D&C, possibly with the aid of ultrasound guidance or hysteroscopy, is a safe treatment option. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Galvin Jim 
Published: August 2018

This month, we begin a series of guides to the science of climate change. The first of this bimonthly series of Climate Change Shorts, ‘What do we mean by climate change?’ by David Warrilow and the Climate Science Communications Group, is on p. 251. The series will simply answer the basic main questions about this important part of our science, step by step.To begin the issue, though, we have a review of optical phenomena by Mila Zinkova: ‘Ice haloes – history, lore and science’. This fascinating paper on p. 239 describes the requirements for haloes to be observed, their mention in literature from ancient times and outlines an unusual halo display seen in San Francisco on 23 February 2016.Every forecaster, after a few months or years in the job, has a tale describing when a forecast or a broadcast went badly wrong! It is a learning experience we must all go through. On p. 247, Ken Kemp describes his experiences in ‘Bad days at the office. Extreme weather events’.Forecasting and observations in incised orography – typical of much of the higher ground of the British Isles – presents a challenge to the forecaster. ‘A short climatological study of cold air pools and drainage flows in small valleys’ by Bradley Jemmett‐Smith, Andrew Ross and Peter Sheridan provides useful insight on this subject, beginning on p. 256.The North Atlantic Oscillation is a major indicator of progression or the lack of it in Western Europe. On p. 262, ‘Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation at local and regional scales: a case study of the Belgian coast’ by Anne‐Lise Montreuil and Margaret Chen shows how significant the effects of this oscillation are to forecasters.We finish this month’s issue looking back at the development of the links between meteorological societies in Europe, completing a review, the first part having appeared in May’s issue (p. 149). ‘Associating weather societies across Europe, Part 2’ by René Morin and Jon Wieringa on p. 268 reflects the warmth between members of European societies as they established this co‐operative venture.
STIM1 deficiency is linked to Alzheimer’s disease and triggers cell death in SH-SY5Y cells by upregulation of L-type voltage-operated Ca2+ entry
Authors: Pascual-Caro Carlos , Berrocal Maria , Lopez-Guerrero Aida M. , Alvarez-Barrientos Alberto , Pozo-Guisado Eulalia , Gutierrez-Merino Carlos , Mata Ana M. , Martin-Romero Francisco Javier 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSTIM1 is an endoplasmic reticulum protein with a role in Ca2+mobilization and signaling. As a sensor of intraluminal Ca2+levels, STIM1 modulates plasma membrane Ca2+channels to regulate Ca2+entry. In neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in familial Alzheimer’s disease patient skin fibroblasts, STIM1 is cleaved at the transmembrane domain by the presenilin-1-associated γ-secretase, leading to dysregulation of Ca2+homeostasis. In this report, we investigated expression levels of STIM1 in brain tissues (medium frontal gyrus) of pathologically confirmed Alzheimer’s disease patients, and observed that STIM1 protein expression level decreased with the progression of neurodegeneration. To study the role of STIM1 in neurodegeneration, a strategy was designed to knock-out the expression ofSTIM1gene in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, as an in vitro model to examine the phenotype of STIM1-deficient neuronal cells. It was proved that, while STIM1 is not required for the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, it is absolutely essential for cell survival in differentiating cells. Differentiated STIM1-KO cells showed a significant decrease of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity, mitochondrial inner membrane depolarization, reduced mitochondrial free Ca2+concentration, and higher levels of senescence as compared with wild-type cells. In parallel, STIM1-KO cells showed a potentiated Ca2+entry in response to depolarization, which was sensitive to nifedipine, pointing to L-type voltage-operated Ca2+channels as mediators of the upregulated Ca2+entry. The stable knocking-down ofCACNA1Ctranscripts restored mitochondrial function, increased mitochondrial Ca2+levels, and dropped senescence to basal levels, demonstrating the essential role of the upregulation of voltage-operated Ca2+entry through Cav1.2 channels in STIM1-deficient SH-SY5Y cell death.Key messagesSTIM1 protein expression decreases with the progression of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease.STIM1 is essential for cell viability in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells.STIM1 deficiency triggers voltage-regulated Ca2+entry-dependent cell death.Mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence are features of STIM1-deficient differentiated cells.
Damring Formation During Rotary Kiln Chromite Pre-reduction: Effects of Pulverized Carbonaceous Fuel Selection and Partial Pellet Melting
Authors: van Staden Y. , Beukes J. P. , van Zyl P. G. , Ringdalen E. , Tangstad M. , Kleynhans E. L. J. , Bunt J. R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Electricity consumption is the largest cost contributing factor in the production of ferrochrome. Currently the pelletized chromite pre-reduction process (solid-state reduction of chromite) is the process option with the lowest specific electricity consumption (MWh/ton). In this process, pelletized chromite is fed into a rotary kiln at 1573 K (1300 °C), where partial pre-reduction takes place. Damring formation (material build-up) in the rotary kiln causes routine shutdowns, resulting in loss of revenue. The damring formation is possibly caused by melting of the ash of the pulverized coal used to fire the kiln and/or the partial melting of the chromite pellets. Ash fusion temperatures of twenty different samples were evaluated to assess the temperature at which the pulverized coal ash will start to contribute to damring formation. Sessile drop tests were used to assess the softening behavior of different ore types (e.g., UG2, MG, and LG metgrade), as well as softening of composite chromite pellets made from these ores. Actual damrings were also analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results indicate that it is mainly the pulverized coal ash that will contribute to damring formation, and not ore or pellet softening. Multiple-linear regression was used to derive equations to predict the ash fusion temperatures of the pulverized coal ash, which can be used by ferrochrome producers to optimize pulverized coal selection.
U–Pb SHRIMP-II ages of titanite and timing constraints on apatite–nepheline mineralization in the Khibiny and Lovozero alkaline massifs (Kola Peninsula)
Authors: Rodionov N.V. , Lepekhina E.N. , Antonov A.V. , Kapitonov I.N. , Balashova Yu.S. , Belyatsky B.V. , Arzamastsev A.A. , Sergeev S.A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Results of this study of titanite samples collected from silicate rocks and apatite–nepheline–(sphene) ores from Paleozoic polyphase alkaline nepheline syenite complexes of the Khibiny and Lovozero massifs revealed the possibility of their in-situ U–Pb dating using sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe SHRIMP-II with an accuracy of 1.0–1.5%, which is comparable with that of U–Pb zircon analysis. Employing different approaches to age determination of the formation of the U–Pb system of titanites, the combined isochrons and mixing lines were plotted from the data obtained from the differentiated complex samples (121 analyses of five Khibiny samples and 52 analyses of one Lovozero sample) and apatite–nepheline ores (120 analyses of five Khibiny samples and 88 analyses of three Lovozero samples). They indicate synchronous crystallization of titanite in silicate rocks throughout the complexes: 374.1 ± 3.7 Ma for the Khibiny massif and 380.9 ± 4.5 Ma for the Lovozero massif, and attest to the later formation of phosphate–rare-metal ores: 371.0 ± 4.2 and 361.4 ± 3.2 Ma, respectively. The relatively delayed ore mineralization specific to the Lovozero massif can be accounted for the significantly lower volumes of magmatic melt and ore fluid involved, different thermal conditions, and the pattern of the investigated mineralization. As such, the obtained U–Pb data from titanite make it possible to limit significantly the time interval (most likely, not exceeding 15–20 Ma) comprising the evolution and activity of the ore-magmatic system of major agpaitic complexes, which is probably associated with plume magmatism.
PERMUTATIONS OF THE INTEGERS INDUCE ONLY THE TRIVIAL AUTOMORPHISM OF THE TURING DEGREES
Authors: KJOS-HANSSEN BJØRN 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIs there a nontrivial automorphism of the Turing degrees? It is a major open problem of computability theory. Past results have limited how nontrivial automorphisms could possibly be. Here we consider instead how an automorphism might be induced by a function on reals, or even by a function on integers. We show that a permutation of ω cannot induce any nontrivial automorphism of the Turing degrees of members of 2ω, and in fact any permutation that induces the trivial automorphism must be computable.A main idea of the proof is to consider the members of 2ω to be probabilities, and use statistics: from random outcomes from a distribution we can compute that distribution, but not much more.
FACING OBJECTS: AN INVESTIGATION OF NON-HUMAN PERSONHOOD IN CLASSIC MAYA CONTEXTS
Authors: Jackson Sarah E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResearch on Classic Maya personhood confirms that personhood was extended to non-human entities; however, questions about its operation and impact remain. What is the nature of the linkage between human beings and object persons, and how does personhood pass between them? What is the impact on an object of becoming personed? I approach these questions through depictions in Classic Maya iconography of faces shown on non-human objects, indicating potential to act in person-like ways. Close examination of “faced” objects reveals that Classic Maya personhood represents a substance that does not require humans as a source, and acts, instead, as an untethered resource accessed by entities able to act in social, relational ways. Furthermore, object personhood represents a state of identity in which essences of persons and objects co-exist, opening possibilities for complicating categories of being in the ancient Maya world.
Potential impact of global warming on seed bank, dormancy and germination of three succulent species from the Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Aragón-Gastélum José Luis , Flores Joel , Jurado Enrique , Ramírez-Tobías Hugo M. , Robles-Díaz Erika , Rodas-Ortiz Juan Pablo , Yáñez-Espinosa Laura 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe assessed inter-seasonal dynamics of seed banks, dormancy and seed germination in three endemic Chihuahuan Desert succulent species, under simulated soil warming conditions. Hexagonal open top-chambers (OTCs) were used to increase soil temperature. Seeds ofEchinocactus platyacanthus(Cactaceae),Yucca filiferaandAgave striata(Asparagaceae) were collected and buried within and outside OTCs. During the course of one year, at the end of each season, seed batches were exhumed to test viability and germination. Soil temperature in OTCs was higher than in control plots.Yucca filiferaseeds always had high germination independently of warming treatment and season.Agave striataseeds from OTCs had higher germination than those from control plots.Agave striataexhibited low germination in fresh seeds, but high germination in spring. Seeds from this species lost viability throughout the experimental timeframe, and had no viable seeds remaining in the soil.Echinocactus platyacanthusshowed high germination in fresh seeds and displayed dormancy cycling, leading to high germination in spring, low germination in summer and autumn, and high germination in winter. Germination of this species was also higher in seeds from OTCs than those from control plots.Echinocactus platyacanthusformed soil seed banks and its cycle of inter-seasonal dormancy/germination could be an efficient physiological mechanism in a climate change scenario. Under global warming projections, our results suggest that future temperatures may still fall within the three studied species’ thermal germination range. However, higher germination forA. striataandE. platyacanthusat warmer temperatures may reduce the number of seeds retained in the seed bank, and this could be interpreted as limiting their ability to spread risk over time. This is the first experimental study projecting an increase in soil temperature to assess population traits of succulent plants under a climate change scenario for American deserts.
An Updated Model Providing Long‐Term Data Sets of Energetic Electron Precipitation, Including Zonal Dependence
Authors: van de Kamp M. , Rodger C. J. , Seppälä A. , Clilverd M. A. , Verronen P. T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study 30‐ to 1,000‐keV energetic electron precipitation (EEP) data from low Earth orbiting National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and MetOp Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites were processed in two improved ways, compared to previous studies. First, all noise‐affected data were more carefully removed, to provide more realistic representations of low fluxes during geomagnetically quiet times. Second, the data were analyzed dependent on magnetic local time (MLT), which is an important factor affecting precipitation flux characteristics. We developed a refined zonally averaged EEP model, and a new model dependent on MLT, which both provide better modeling of low fluxes during quiet times. The models provide the EEP spectrum assuming a power law gradient. Using the geomagnetic index Ap with a time resolution of 1 day, the spectral parameters are provided as functions of the L shell value relative to the plasmapause. Results from the models compare well with EEP observations over the period 1998–2012. Analysis of the MLT‐dependent data finds that during magnetically quiet times, the EEP flux concentrates around local midnight. As disturbance levels increase, the flux increases at all MLT. During disturbed times, the flux is strongest in the dawn sector and weakest in the late afternoon sector. The MLT‐dependent model emulates this behavior. The results of the models can be used to produce ionization rate data sets over any time period for which the geomagnetic Ap index is available (recorded or predicted). This ionization rate data set will enable simulations of EEP impacts on the atmosphere and climate with realistic EEP variability.
The Role of Ligninolytic Enzymes Laccase and a Versatile Peroxidase of the White‐Rot Fungus Lentinus tigrinus in Biotransformation of Soil Humic Matter: Comparative In Vivo Study
Authors: Zavarzina A. G. , Lisov A. V. , Leontievsky A. A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) turnover by ligninolytic fungi is a large‐scale process that controls organic carbon geochemistry in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the role of certain oxidative enzymes (e.g., laccase) in humus degradation remains unclear, as well as the molecular structure and recalcitrance of SOM components. In order to address these questions, the degradation of forest soil humic acid (HA) in the presence of laccase and a versatile peroxidase (VP) has been studied in the liquid culture of Lentinus tigrinus. Contrary to the evolving views on humus structure, we have found that alkali‐extractable and acid‐insoluble constituents of SOM (HA) contain true macromolecular components, stable in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate but degradable/resynthesizable by oxidative enzymes acting on covalent linkages. The HA degradation in the presence of laccase (high N medium) occurs at slower initial rate than in the presence of VP (low N medium). However, each of the enzymes caused about 60% color loss and almost complete degradation of HA into smaller molecules (gel‐filtration data) within 2 weeks of cultivation. Depolymerization of HA in the culture liquid in the presence of laccase was accompanied by polymerization of degradation products on mycelium. Our results show that (1) humus macromolecules are not stable to oxidative enzymes once desorbed from the mineral phase, (2) laccase of Lentinus tigrinus is comparable by its degradation potential to VP, and (3) interfacial secondary synthesis reactions occur during humus decay in the presence of laccase. Our results highlight the important role of laccases in SOM sequestration in soils.
Physical State and Structure of the Crust Beneath the Western‐Central United States From Multiobservable Probabilistic Inversion
Authors: Tork Qashqai Mehdi , Afonso Juan Carlos , Yang Yingjie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Southern Rocky Mountains (SRM) have the highest regional elevations, but a comparable crustal thickness to that of the Great Plains. Isolating the contributions of the crust and upper mantle in supporting the topography of the SRM has been a topic of considerable controversy for the past two decades, leading to contrasting hypotheses. In order to constrain the relative contributions from the crust and mantle, reliable models of the physical state of the crust and upper mantle are necessary. Here we employ a recently developed multiobservable Bayesian inversion approach to study the present‐day physical state (i.e., Vs,Vp, density, Vp/Vs, crustal thickness, and temperature) of the crust in a region encompassing the western‐central United States. We image highly heterogeneous temperature and compositional structures, which combine in a nonintuitive way with total crustal thickness to create the observed topography and control other geophysical signatures. In the SRM, topography is supported by a combination of crustal and mantle contributions. South of 38°N, mantle sources (both static and dynamic) constitute the main support to the high elevations, whereas to the north of this latitude, crustal structure provides the main contribution. In the Colorado Plateau, Arizona transition zone, and Basin and Range provinces, most of the topography seems to be supported by mantle sources (within the lithospheric mantle and/or dynamic). At middle to lower crustal depths beneath the SRM, we image high temperatures, high Vp/Vs values, anomalously low crustal velocities, and low densities. These observations correlate with high electrical conductivities and the location of recent volcanism, suggesting the occurrence of melt/fluids. We do not find low Vp/Vs values at middle/low crustal depths beneath the SRM that may suggest felsic, weak lithologies.
A Subgrid Approach for Modeling Microtopography Effects on Overland Flow
Authors: Jan Ahmad , Coon Ethan T. , Graham Jake D. , Painter Scott L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMicrotopography, or heterogeneities in the elevation across scales much smaller than the domain of interest, plays a critical role in surface water retention, surface/subsurface interactions, and runoff. Resolving microtopographic influences on flow requires high‐resolution simulations that are computationally demanding even when considering the surface system in isolation and even more so when surface flow is one component in integrated simulations that couple surface flow with unsaturated subsurface flow. There is thus significant motivation for models that allow the effects of subgrid microtopography to be better represented. Subgrid models modify coarsened models to capture the microtopography‐induced nonlinear effects on hydrologic processes. We present a subgrid model that alters the water storage and flow terms in the diffusion wave equation for surface flow. Stochastically generated microtopography with strongly contrasting spatial structure, high‐resolution digital elevation maps from a polygonal tundra site on the North Slope of Alaska and a hummocky microtopography from a field site in Northern Minnesota are used to assess the accuracy and applicability of the subgrid model to disparate landscapes. Approaches for determining subgrid model parameters are tested and simulation results using the subgrid model are compared to benchmark fine‐scale simulations and to coarse simulations that ignore microtopography. Our findings confirm that a properly parameterized subgrid model greatly improves the coarse‐scale representation of hydrographs and total water content in the system. Using the polygonal tundra example, we propose and test a strategy for moving to application‐relevant spatial scales by combining microtopography classification and a few fine‐scale simulations on small subdomains.