bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Analysis on Hospital Waste Management at Bandipur Hospital, Bandipur, Tanahu District, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Hari Prasad , Dhungana A 
Published: March 2019

Background: Hospitals generate large volumes of wastes as a byproduct of a variety of health services and procedures carried out such as surgery, dressing of the wounds, dialysis, deliveries, laboratory and dental procedures, postmortem procedures etc. Such a waste may be infectious or non-infectious. If such a waste is not collected, transported and disposed off, it not only results in causation of ‘Hospital Acquired Infections” but also poses a major public health hazard by causing pollution of air, water and soil.
Objective: This study objective was to critically analyze current waste management system in Bandipur Hospital, Tanahu District, Nepal and critically review the findings.
Methods: For the critical analysis on waste management, literature review on hospital waste management was done. The techniques used for critical analysis were observation using observation checklist and interview with hospital manager, doctors, staff nurses, and local people living nearby the hospital. Tool of this critical analysis was SWOT analysis.
Results: It can be seen from SWOT analysis that, most of the waste of the hospital is not managed in an appropriate way. Appropriate segregation and disposal of biodegradable and non biodegradable, infectious and non-infectious wastes is important to avoid health hazards caused by poor waste management such as vector borne diseases, pollution of air, water and soil contamination. In Bandipur Hospital, waste disposal is not according to WHO standard. Physical infrastructures do not meet the requirements. Available dustbins are not according to WHO color coding, no basin at Emergency room, no trolley to carry waste and open dumping practice. The reason behind most of these problems is the management of the hospital, staffs of the hospital and the stakeholders who are not giving any attention to proper waste management process. The other reason beyond this is inadequate budget allocation for waste management in the hospital.
Conclusion: If the waste management of the hospital is done properly, environment of the hospital will become clean and hospital can provide quality health services to the patient. For this there is necessity of strong committment from the hospital management, the hospital staffs, hospital development committee and the Government.
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on Knowledge Regarding Effects of Alcoholism among Adults
Authors: Sah Indu , Dangol SM 
Published: March 2019

Background: Alcoholism is chronic progressive and often fatal disease. It is a primary disorder and not a symptom of other disease or emotional problems. The chemistry of alcohol allows it to effect nearly every type of cell in the body, including those in the central nervous system.
Objectives: The main objectives of this study are 1) to assess the level of knowledge regarding effects of alcohol among rural adults, 2) to assess the post test knowledge regarding effects of alcohol among rural adults, and 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge regarding effects of alcoholism.
Methods: A Quasi-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design was adopted for the present study. The structured interview schedule was developed to collect data. The study was conducted at Challaghatta Village, Bangalore, Karnataka State, India and the data collected was analyzed and interpreted based on descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The assessment of knowledge level of adults regarding effects of alcoholism revealed that the mean pretest was 9.6 with SD 3.06. Mean post-test was 20.04 with SD 1.6 and enhancement mean score 10.8 with SD 1.08 and paired t value 9 which shows statistically significant at p >0.05 level.
Conclusion: The present study attempted to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program (PTP) on knowledge of rural adults regarding effects of alcoholism and found that the developed PTP was effective in improving the knowledge of rural adults regarding effects of alcoholism.
The USE OF BAHASA INDONESIA IN LEARNING “ENGLISH SPECIAL PURPOSE” : A STUDY AT MATHEMATIC DEPARTMENT IN IKIP BUDI UTOMO MALANG
Authors: Pusparini Indrawati 
Published: March 2019

Acquiring English, for several students, can be very tough especially for student that have already used Indonesia language in daily learning. In this extent, The student are seemed in the boundary of learning not acquiring English. In learning English, the student in Ikip Budi Utomo tend to use Bahasa Indonesia, especially who study English Special Purpose in Ikip Budi Utomo. Making use of Bahasa Indonesia might help them a lot in learning English. The researcher, then, was eager to figure out in what way the students who study English Special Purpose in Mathematic department were assisted by Bahasa Indonesia in learning English Special Purpose. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research design.
Franko’s Prose as Psycho-Onthological and Sociо-Cultural Phenomenon. Introductory Notes
Authors: Lehkyi Mykola 
Published: March 2019

The paper describes the essence of I. Franko’s prose as a psycho-onthological and socio-cultural phenomenon, that took a long time to be created and appeared due to many factors of the writer’s spiritual life: the tireless hard work, the desire to be a highly educated person and reach the broadest possible range of human interests in his activity, constant reﬁ nement of literary taste, etc. In the realm of prose the writer worked for over 40 years (which is symbolical!), starting from the 1871/1872 school year, when he wrote school tasks for the teachers of literature, till 1913. During this time the writer wrote 10 novels and tales and about half a hundred works of short prose (stories of different kinds, essays, fairy tales, etc.). Thus, Franko perceived his writing as a manifestation of the internal need of labor, which could enable a wide range of people to get accustomed to intellectual work. In his creative work Franko saw a clear goal, which he directed to the future, imagining it to be a soil which would give a generous crop. Franko considered himself as a propaedeutic, who prepares the nation for future cultural achievements. The roots of many Franko’s characters and prose forms should also be sought in the early childhood of the writer, a son of a village blacksmith and poor noblewoman. The greatest inﬂuence on his literary taste, as he himself admitted, had gymnasium teachers Ivan Verchratskyi (biologist and litterateur), who supplied the young schoolboy with books from his own library, and Julian Turchynskyi (writer and critic), but direct impetus to writing was given by the example of gymnasium friends – Izydor Pasichynskyi and Dmytro Vintskovskyi.
The researcher also made an attempt to periodize Franko’s prose and singled out 3 periods of its progress: ‘youthful romanticism’, scholarly and ‘ideal’ realism and the section of modernist searches.
Distribution and Determinants of Hypertension in Field Practice Area of CMC&H Bungal Pathankot, Punjab, India
Authors: Vimesh Puja , Chander Ramesh , Mehta Shivani , Singh Shyam 
Published: March 2019

Blood pressure in a population follows Gaussian curve distribution with no real separation between normotension and hypertension. (1) Essential hypertension may be considered to be the result of interactions between genes and environment (2). Important environmental factors are obesity, smoking, family history, physical inactivity, dietary excess of sodium and fat, high income with sedentary habits, education, occupation etc. (3).
Material and methods: Present study is a cross sectional one, conducted in field practice area of Chintpurni Medical College & Hospital Bungal, Pathankot (CMC & H), Punjab (India). Criteria of Hypertension were defined using JNC7. It defines hypertension as blood pressure more than 140/90 mm of Hg. The data was collected during the month of October 2014
Results: Illiterate v/s education 12-16 years, prevalence was 57.05 % and 23.52% respectively (p=.0001, highly significant). In our study prevalence among students was lowest 6.89% and the house wives highest 52.17% (p=.008, highly significant). Similarly association with respect to education, occupation, monthly income, BMI, family history, table salt intake, non-vegetarian diet, smoking, etc. was highly significant (p <.01 at 99% CI). JMS 2017; 20(1):31-37
Isolation of Providencia stuartii from clinical samples : An emerging drug resistant pathogen
Authors: Angmo Dekyong , Nazir Shaista , Fomda Bashir Ahmad 
Published: March 2019

Providencia is a gram negative bacilli belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family and found in soil, water and sewage. Providencia stuartii is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and is an uncommon cause of human infection. We isolated Providencia stuartii in wound swab and from blood culture. Swab was taken from leg wound in a patient with road traffic accident with degloving of skin. Identification of the organism isolated on blood agar was done by vitek 2 automation method (biometrieux) as Providencia stuartii in both the cases. JMS 2017; 20(1):38-40
Soft Palate Metastasis A Rare Site Of Metastasis In TCC Of Urinary Bladder
Authors: Raina Shubhra , Goel Varun , D Chandragouda , Talwaar Vineet 
Published: March 2019

Majority of the urinary bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder typically metastasizes to the pelvic lymph nodes and to visceral sites including the lungs, liver, and bones. Other sites include the brain, especially after systemic chemotherapy. To our knowledge, we report the first case of TCC metastatic to the soft tissue of the hard palate and discuss common and unusual sites of metastasis in TCC. JMS 2017;20(1):47-48.
Evaluation of acridine orange staining of uncentrifuged urine as a screening method for diagnosis of urinary tract infection
Authors: Jan Abiroo , Fatima Akeela , Akhter Nighat 
Published: March 2019

The term urinary tract infection (UTI) encompasses a variety of clinical entities, including asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), cystitis, prostatitis, and pyelonephritis 1. UTIs are the leading cause of gram negative sepsis in hospitalized patients and are the origin for about half of all nosocomial infections caused by urinary catheters 2. UTI is associated with considerable cost in terms of morbidity and economic and research expenditure.3 JMS 2017; 20(1):49-51
Case of Large Brunners Gland Adenoma
Authors: Khurshid Sumat Ul , Lone Iqbal , Mir Wajahat 
Published: March 2019

A 23-year-old man was admitted to the surgical ward with a two-month history of epigastric pain, abdominal discomfort, nausea and frequent bouts of vomiting. The Complete Blood Count (CBC) and biochemical investigations were within normal limits. On Endoscopy a large polypoidal mass arising from the second part of duodenum was seen. JMS 2017;20(2):107
Decline in Beta-Cell Function among Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Masoodi Shariq Rashid 
Published: March 2019

It is well known that beta-cell function declines over time in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The beta-cell dysfunction, initially characterized by impairment in the first phase of insulin secretion following glucose stimulation, advances to a decline in second phase insulin secretion as the disease progresses. But whether this decline in beta-cell function occurs in adolescents with T2DM is uncertain. Investigators prospectively compared beta-cell functioning over time between 39 adolescents with newly diagnosed T2DM (mean age, 15 years; body-mass index z-score, 2.4) and 32 obese adolescents without T2DM of comparable body-mass index, gender, and race (mean age, 14) during a 2-year period. Recently, researchers from Duke University School of Medicine, Durham North Carolina reported that adolescents with newly diagnosed T2DM had a 25% annual decline in beta-cell function despite receiving treatment. In this study, the results of which were first presented at the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the participants were adolescents with T2DM, more than half of whom were being treated with insulin whereas 80% were taking oral anti-diabetes medications. Beta-cell function in this study, assessed at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months was measured by insulin secretion in response to an intravenous glucose load adjusted for insulin sensitivity (disposition index). The authors observed that adolescents with T2DM had significantly higher levels of both insulin resistance and fasting glucose at baseline compared with controls. But during the two-year study, the study subjects experienced a significant increase in fasting glucose and a 25 percent annual decline in disposition index. Understandably, both these indicators remained unchanged among the controls. JMS 2017;20(2):116
Effect of cilostazol on claudication distances and lipid profile in patients with occlusive peripheral arterial disease: A placebo controlled trial
Authors: Singh Surjeet 
Published: March 2019

Objectives(s): To study the efficacy and tolerability of cilostazol in patients with moderately severe peripheral arterial disease.
Study Design: Randomized, open label, placebo controlled parallel study.
Methods: It is a prospective, randomized, open label, placebo controlled parallel study conducted in Postgraduate Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in collaboration with Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Department, Govt. Medical College Jammu for a period of one year.
Results: Out of 53 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 28 patients were assigned cilostazol 100mg twice daily, and 25 patients were given placebo twice daily. Cilostazol significantly raised both initial as well as absolute claudication distance, which was well sustained throughout all weeks of follow up, whereas placebo raised he claudication distance for initial few weeks, but decreased it below baseline subsequently. Cilostazol also had significant beneficial effect on lipid profile compared to placebo. There was almost no significant difference in patient’s assessment, physician’s assessment as well as side effect between two groups.
Conclusion: Cilostazol can be an effective treatment for patients of peripheral arterial disease with intermittent claudication. It also has favorable effect on lipid profile. However, long term randomized trials on large scale are required to further substantiate our findings. JMS 2017;20(2):77-81
Myths About Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) in Kashmiri diabetics
Authors: Akhtar Sakina , Ahmad Mushtaq 
Published: March 2019

Methods:- 50 patients of diabetes who were attending OPD Endocrinology Department were taken randomly over 3 months in the study. patients were enquired about the diet they were avoiding or taking with the belief of Glycaemic control.
Result:- Of the 50 patients of the study 17 were males and 33 females.32 belonged to rural and 18 urban areas. 32 were illiterate and only 18 were literate.43(80%) patients were avoiding sweet fruits like Banana, Mango and Apple. 42 (84%)were found avoiding underground vegetables like Potato, Turnip, Radish, Carrots and Onions. 17 (34%)were taking unlimited rice. 22(44%) were consuming refined oils.22 (44%) had tried bitter gourd for glycaemic control. 12(24%)had tried Fenugreek seeds for Glycaemic control.22 (44%) were avoiding lunch. 45(90%) were avoiding Dhals like Rajma. 11(22%) were having Miscellaneous beliefs. JMS 2017;20(2):69-72
Ceftriaxone Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: Singh Surjeet , Wani Munir , Rasool Altaf 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: toxic epidermal necrolysis is a life-threatening exfoliative disorder with a high mortality rate
Case presentation: we present a 65-year-old Kashmiri male patient who was admitted for recurrent bilateral inguinal hernia, and developed ceftriaxone induced toxic epidermal necrolysis during postoperative period when he was administered antibiotics during postoperative management.
Conclusion: toxic epidermal necrolysis is an exfoliative disorder which is mostly fatal. High clinical suspicion, prompt recognition, immediate withdrawal of suspected agent and initiation of supportive care are mandatory for these patients, where optimal treatment guidelines are still unavailable. JMS 2018;21(1):51-53
What is Ideal Proximal Resection Margin in Carcinoma Stomach
Authors: Shan Mubarak Ahmad , Andrabi Syed Muzamil , Shah Mubashir Ahmad , Naqash Sameer Hassan 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The goal of cancer surgery is to achieve clear margins, where the surgeon resects the tumor along with normal adjacent tissue and pathologist confirms the absence of cancer cells of the margin of this resected tissue. Complete resection with negative surgical margins along with lymph node dissection has been accepted as the only possible curative treatment for gastric cancer. Although there have been several studies on the sufficient length of margins that guarantees tumor-free resection and prevents local recurrences, definite consensus has not yet been reached, especially about the proximal resection margin (PRM).
Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India between September 2011 and September 20013 and a total of 115 patients of ca stomach were included in the study. PRM of resected specimen was undertaken at 0.5cm, 1cm, 1.5cm, 2cm, 2.5cm, 3cm, 3.5cm, 4cm, 5cm and 6cm. A resection margin was considered positive if permanent section examination revealed tumor tissue at the line of transaction. The relation between infiltration of margins and various parameters of tumor-like location, size, histological type and depth of invasion into gastric wall was determined. The difference in the distribution and rate of margin infiltration was statistically evaluated, and a probability equal to or less than 0.05 was accepted as significant.
Results: Out of 115 patients of ca stomach who underwent partial or total gastrectomy, proximal margin infiltration was seen in 5 patients (4.35%). No infiltration of proximal margin was seen when the length of the resected margin was >50mm. Margin infiltration was commonly found in tumors located at upper third, in diffuse histological type and with lymph node metastasis.
Conclusion: Since tumor infiltration at resection lines has been accepted as an adverse prognostic factor, negative resection margin are crucial components of curative surgery. Achieving a negative resection margin is the ultimate goal when determining the adequate length for PRM. In our study, we found that a PRM of greater than 5 cm is ideal for having a negative resection margin for all grades, sizes and T & N stages of carcinoma stomach. JMS 2018;21(1):31-36
Paradoxical Reactions in Tuberculosis : Clinicians Burnout
Authors: Koul Ajaz Nabi 
Published: March 2019

We want to make our observations regarding worsening of clinical and radiologic features in a patient of potts spine after institution of antitubercular therapy. The index case is 34 year old male presented with pain in lower back and fever for past many months. Clinical examination revealed febrile, weak and anxious person with normal clinical examination. His investigations revealed Hb 11.8 mg/dl, TLC, DLC, platelet count normal. ESR was 52 mm at 1st hour and Mantoux was 12 mm at 72 hrs. CXR, USG abdomen were normal. Brucella agglutination titre was not suggestive for endemic area. Retroviral card test and serology was negative. MRI lumbosacral spine revealed spondodiscitis L2 and L3 vertebrae with large paraspinal collection. Patient underwent decompression surgery with removal of necrotic collection. Histocytology of the specimens revealed langerhan type gaint cells and caseous necrotic material. Patient was put on antitubercular treatment. Patient started with subjective worsening after 2 weeks of treatment when repeat imaging revealed accumulation of paraspinal collection with pressure on lower end of spinal cord and cauda equina. Patient antitubercular treatment were continued with addition of dexamethasone. The clinical scenario started improving after 5 days of institution of steroids. The steroids were continued for 4 weeks and then tapered over next 2 weeks. Patient started to show marked clinical improvement at 2 months. The intensive phase of antitubercular therapy was continued for additional one month and maintenance phase was given for 9 months. After one year of institution of treatment patient had no neurologic sequalae and complete radiologic resolution. JMS 2018: 21 (2):127-128
Significance of Hand Hygiene in Clinical Practice and Literature Review
Authors: Khan Talib , Sheikh Ubaid Ahmad , Tran Sophia , Wani Shaqul Qamar 
Published: March 2019

Hand hygiene is an integral part of the health care system and is the single most important measure to reduce transmission of micro-organisms from one person to another or from one site to another on the same patient. Here we present a practice perspective of hand hygiene with literature review. JMS 2018: 21 (2):130-133
A Comparative Analysis of Spectrum and Outcome of Common bacterial Infections in Patients with and without Diabetes-a Prospective Hospital Based Study
Authors: Sood Mona , Bhat Fayaz A , Masoodi Shariq R , Sofi Fayaz Ahmad , Rahman Yasmin Sultana , Bhat Moomin Hussain , Wani Arshad Iqbal , Bashir Mir Iftikhar , Ganie M Ashraf , Zargar Abdul Hamid 
Published: March 2019

Objective: In this prospective study we analyzed clinical spectrum of infections and there outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus and compared it with nondiabeticcontrols admitted in Endocrinology division of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal study of 242 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Patients were studied in terms of clinical picture, biochemical, hematological and microbiological profile, type and severity of infection, treatment received, and final outcome. There were 142 diabetic patients in group 1 and 100 nondiabetic patients in group 2 served as control. Study subjects were followed for a median period of one year (52 weeks in diabetics, 65 weeks in non-diabetics) after discharge from the ward.Results: Diabetic patients admitted because of infections were older than their non-diabetic counterparts (74% vs 51%> 50 years; p<0.001) and mounted a less inflammatory response in terms of fever and leucocytosis(55% vs 82%:P<0.001).Urinary tract infections were the commonest infections observed among in-hospital diabetic as well as non-diabetic patients (36% vs. 30%; P>0.3). Diabetics contract some specific infections exclusively, like emphysematous pyelonephritis and foot infections, while respiratory infections were more commonly seen in nondiabetic patients (31% vs. 11%; P<0.001).Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest organism involved in soft tissue and diabetic foot infections (32% vs. 19%; P<0.03). Though mean hospital stay was equal in either group it was significantly longer in diabetic subjects when statistically adjusted for APACHE score.Comparative mortality rates were higher in non-diabetics with in-hospital deaths, followup deaths and total deaths of11%, 6.1% and 17.2% vs 4.9%, 4% and 9.1% respectively but re-infections on follow-up occurred more in diabetics (15% vs.2.6%; P=0.005).Conclusion: Poor glycaemic control and less inflammatory response in terms of fever and leucocytosis, longer hospital stay with increased chances of reinfections are poor prognostic indicators for outcomes in diabetic patients admitted with infections. Urinary tract infections and soft tissue infections particularly foot infectionsare causes of concern in our diabetic patients. JMS 2018: 21 (2):84-90