bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of deformation anisotropy of soils on the distribution of stresses in basement of foundation from near loaded areas
Authors: NUZHDIN Leonid , PAVLYUK Kseniya 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe article analyzes the effect of deformation anisotropy on the stress‐strain state of the soil basement on the basis of a numerical experiment using the ANSYS software package. Strain properties of environment are determined by strain module E and Poisson's ratio μ. Resulting from calculation experiments, transverse‐isotropic environments were concerned with coefficients of stress‐strain anisotropy ka=0.5; 0.75; 1.33 and 2 and additional coefficients aa (α') are obtained, which are used in determining vertical stresses from the additional load. Based of obtained results a method is proposed for calculating the additional stresses of the anisotropic basement of the foundations of the existing building from the buildings and structures being erected. The calculation is based on the Lyave problem using the scheme of a linearly deformed medium. The anisotropic properties are taken into account by introducing an additional coefficient α', which depends on the degree of anisotropy of the soil basement ka and the geometric dimensions of the foundation.
Stability of earth structures and relevance of safety factors
Authors: TRAK Bariş , PAPIĆ Br. Jovan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough the concept of factor of safety is commonly used in geotechnical design practice to cover all the (un)expected risks, its use in the stability analyses of earth structures presents major weaknesses. The paper presents a critical review of the historical development of this concept and also, of the concept of partial safety factors, and questions the present practice of using them in an indiscriminate manner. Some recommendations are proposed to obtain safer designs, without having to resort to the use of questionable hypotheses and parameters.
Road Consolidation and Banks Protections Structures on the Romanian Danube Sector in the Iron Gates National Park
Authors: DUMITRESCU Victor , CHIRIAC Ioan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn an territory formed after building a hydroelectric power plant „Iron Gates‐Djerdap” generating a lake and naturally filled with a lot of important features, like animal and plant life, attractive surroundings and landscapes, historical, anthropogenic and cultural attractions, the idea of modernization and consolidation of the present road route stretching the left bank of the Danube was of prime importance. The paper will present some technical solutions implemented for bank protections, consolidations and structures to enlarge the road platform in order to reach the minimum width for safety and parking spaces.Those are solutions with special features through the relationship with the variable soil characteristics, also with the environment and by the nature of the actions, demands and performance requirements to which they are subjected during their lifetime.
Geotechnical and structural remediation of residential building damaged by pit excavation
Authors: MIHALJEVIĆ Ivan , GALIĆ Josip , BANOVAC Filip 
Published: June 2018

AbstractResidential building in town Pula in Croatia sustained structural damage through differential settlement, which occurred as a result of works in the nearby pit for sewage construction. Although no horizontal deflection was observed on the retaining structure of the pit, excessive vibration during installation caused consolidation of marine sediment soil on which the building rests. Building, which is more than 100 years old masonry structure, developed vertical and diagonal cracks on the outer bearing as well as inner walls, which widened from the ground floor to the top. Since differential settlements and tilting of the building continued after filling of excavation pit, remediation of the building was needed. Reinforced concrete beams were constructed under the masonry foundation strips as well as the jet grouting columns which transferred foundation loads to bedrock. Structural strengthening was done simultaneously. After the remediation, settlements and tilting soon subsided and stopped, while the monitoring equipment was left permanently on the building.
Geotechnical investigation for determination of causes for occurred deformations of regional road R1202 Mavrovo ‐ Debar
Authors: TASEVSKA Katerina , GJORGIEVSKA Lidija , DIMITRIEVSKI Teodor , FILIPOVSKI Blagoja 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper elaborates the results from the performed geotechnical investigations as main purpose to define the occurred subsidence of the road construction on the existing regional road R1202, Mavrovo – Debar. The analyzed location is on chainage km 48+855÷49+055, on the right side of road in direction toward Debar in steep cut slope entering into the zone of Debar Lake. The water in Debar Lake provokes erosion of the lake coasts of the slope and causes slope instability, as well as deformations. From hydro‐geological point of view it is essential to underline that the groundwater influence during the metasomatism (alternation of calcium oxide with sulfur oxide), i.e. degradation of bedrock, opening fissures and caverns, i.e. reducing the physical‐mechanical features of the rocks. As a result it's occurred melonite zone (tectonic zone) registered during the investigation works in one borehole on depth of 15.00 to 19.00 m. Besides the occurred instabilities on the road, in addition will be indicated the causes for its occurring, as well as the foreseen remediation measures.
Tailoring the Band Gap in 3D Hybrid Perovskites by Substitution of the Organic Cations: (CH3NH3)1−2y(NH3(CH2)2NH3)2yPb1−yI3 (0≤y≤0.25)
Authors: Daub Michael , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTuning the optical properties of MAPbI3 (MA=methylammonium) is a key requirement to increase the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Simple precipitation from solution allows the partial substitution of MA in MAPbI3 by H3NCH2CH2NH3 (H2en). Surprisingly, there is 1:1 exchange of the monovalent cation MA by the dication H2en. The charge compensation results from a deficit of Pb2+, leading to a series MA1−2y(H2en)2yPb1−yI3 with 0≤y≤0.25. This model has been supported by single‐crystal measurements and NMR investigations. The substitution results in a continuous shift of the band gap from 1.51 to 2.1 eV and a color change from black to orange‐red. The H2en content stabilizes the cubic high‐temperature (HT) form of MAPbI3. There is a linear correlation between band gap and unit cell volume. The substitution enables controlled band gap tuning because the extent of substitution is closely related to the applied MA:H2en ratio in solution.
Microcontact Printing Patterning of an HOPG Surface by an Inverse Electron Demand Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Zhu Jun , Hiltz Jonathan , Tefashe Ushula M. , Mauzeroll Janine , Lennox R. Bruce 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe chemical modification of an sp2 hybridized carbon surface in a controllable manner is very challenging but also crucial for many applications. An inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reaction using microcontact printing technique is introduced to spatially control the modification of a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface under ambient conditions. The covalent modification was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and SECM. Tetrazine derivatives can effectively react with an HOPG surface and with microcontact printing methods resulting in spatially patterned surfaces being produced with micrometer‐scale resolution.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET)‐Mediated Fragmentation of Picolinium‐Derived Redox Probes
Authors: Dunkel Petra , Barosi Anna , Dhimane Hamid , Maurel François , Dalko Peter I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe photolysis of covalently linked N‐alkyl picolinium phenylacetate—carbazole dyads was analyzed experimentally and by using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent‐DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations. In contrast to earlier observations efficient one and two‐photon fragmentations conditions were found for 15 c (δu=0.16 GM at 730 nm) opening the way for the design of a novel class of “caged” compounds.
Dual Rh−Ru Catalysts for Reductive Hydroformylation of Olefins to Alcohols
Authors: Rodrigues Fábio M. S. , Kucmierczyk Peter K. , Pineiro Marta , Jackstell Ralf , Franke Robert , Pereira Mariette M. , Beller Matthias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn active and selective dual catalytic system to promote domino hydroformylation–reduction reactions is described. Apart from terminal, di‐ and trisubstituted olefins, for the first time the less active internal C−C double bond of tetrasubstituted alkenes can also be utilized. As an example, 2,3‐dimethylbut‐2‐ene is converted into the corresponding n‐alcohol with high yield (90 %) as well as regio‐ and chemoselectivity (>97 %). Key for this development is the use of a combination of Rh complexes with bulky monophosphite ligands and the Ru‐based Shvo's complex. A variety of aromatic and aliphatic alkenes can be directly used to obtain mainly linear alcohols.
Highly Selective Synthesis of Acrylic Acid from Lactide in the Liquid Phase
Authors: Nagengast Jens , Hahn Simon , Taccardi Nicola , Kehrer Matthias , Kadar Julian , Collias Dimitris , Dziezok Peter , Wasserscheid Peter , Albert Jakob 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA new reaction system for the highly selective, hydrobromic acid catalyzed conversion of lactide into acrylic acid under mild conditions is reported. The applied liquid reaction system consists of a temperature‐stable bromide‐containing ionic liquid and 2‐bromopropionic acid as a source of dry HBr, with no volatile organic solvent being used. This allows for the in situ removal of the formed acrylic acid, leading to an unmatched acrylic acid selectivity of over 72 % at full lactide conversion. Accounting for leftover reaction intermediates on the way to acrylic acid, which could be recycled in an elaborate continuous process, the proposed reaction system shows potential for acrylic acid yields well above 85 % in the liquid phase. This opens new avenues for the effective conversion of biogenic lactic acid (e.g., obtained by fermentation from starch) to acrylic acid. The resulting bio‐acrylic acid is a highly attractive product for, for example, the diaper industry, where we expect consumers to be especially sensitive to aspects of sustainability.
Combined effects of local habitat, anthropogenic stress, and dispersal on stream ecosystems: a mesocosm experiment
Authors: Turunen Jarno , Louhi Pauliina , Mykrä Heikki , Aroviita Jukka , Putkonen Emmi , Huusko Ari , Muotka Timo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effects of anthropogenic stressors on community structure and ecosystem functioning can be strongly influenced by local habitat structure and dispersal from source communities. Catchment land uses increase the input of fine sediments into stream channels, clogging the interstitial spaces of benthic habitats. Aquatic macrophytes enhance habitat heterogeneity and mediate important ecosystem functions, being thus a key component of habitat structure in many streams. Therefore, the recovery of macrophytes following in‐stream habitat modification may be prerequisite for successful stream restoration. Restoration success is also affected by dispersal of organisms from the source community, with potentially the strongest responses in relatively isolated headwater sites that receive a limited amount of dispersing individuals. We used a factorial design in a set of stream mesocosms to study the independent and combined effects of an anthropogenic stressor (sand sedimentation), local habitat (macrophytes, i.e., moss transplants), and enhanced dispersal (two levels: high vs. low) on organic matter retention, algal accrual rate, leaf decomposition, and macroinvertebrate community structure. Overall, all responses were simple additive effects with no interactions between treatments. Sand reduced algal accumulation, total invertebrate density, and density of a few individual taxa. Mosses reduced algal accrual rate and algae‐grazing invertebrates, but enhanced organic matter retention and the number of detritus and filter feeders. Mosses also reduced macroinvertebrate diversity by increasing the dominance by a few taxa. Mosses reduced leaf mass loss, possibly because the organic matter retained by mosses provided an additional food source for leaf‐shredding invertebrates and thus reduced shredder aggregation into leaf packs. The effect of mosses on macroinvertebrate communities and ecosystem functioning was distinct irrespective of the level of dispersal, suggesting strong environmental control of community structure. The strong environmental control of macroinvertebrate community composition even under enhanced dispersal suggests that re‐establishing key habitat features, such as natural stream vegetation, could aid ecosystem recovery in boreal streams.
Quantification of Phorbol Esters in Jatropha curcas by HPLC‐UV and HPLC‐ToF‐MS with Standard Addition Method
Authors: Neu Philipp M. , Schober Sigurd , Mittelbach Martin 
Published: June 2018

Established analytic methods for the quantification of phorbol esters (PE), which are some toxic components in Jatropha curcas L., include HPLC with UV‐detection with the commercially available phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as internal standard or HPLC coupled with MS detection with an external calibration, mostly also with PMA. The differences in the fatty acid side chains and connection to the base structure of PMA compared to PE leads to different UV absorption and MS ionization effects and cause problems for exact quantitative measurements. In this paper, a method is presented which combines both detection types and shows differences between both results. For this purpose, an extraction routine is performed on a PE‐containing seed oil to get a PE standard in high purity, which was used for a standard addition method on two real J. curcas oil samples, derived from Ghana and Mexico. Furthermore, a detection window of ±10 ppm for the high accurate ToF‐MS detection is set to eliminate isobaric interferences from co‐eluting material. Method evaluation of inter‐ and intra‐day variance as well as the recovery rate are performed and determined. With this method a limit of detection of 62 ng mL−1 (UV) and 11 ng mL−1 (MS) can be achieved.Practical Applications: Due to the good biological and technical properties of Jatropha curcas L., its seed oil seems perfect for the application as biodiesel feedstock. The toxicity on the other hand could cause problems when converting side products from the oil production to products of higher value. With the here described method an accurate and precise analysis procedure for the quantification of the toxic compounds namely, phorbol esters, could be applied for toxicity studies or routine checks in industry which is converting plant material from J. curcas, so that no toxic material is used for example as animal feed.In this paper, an exact and robust analysis method is described for the quantification of phorbol esters (PE) in Jatropha curcas L. seed oil. This method procedure includes the extraction of PE in methanol, chromatographic separation on a reverse phase C18 HPLC column and the quantification by standard addition method. For the standard addition method a highly pure PE standard is used, which is extracted and purified by semi preparative HPLC right before the measurements. The used detector for identification and quantification is UV set at 280 nm and ESI‐ToF‐MS with a ±10 ppm mass difference of the deprotonated and formate adduct pseudo molecular ion of PE.
Identification of Phytyl Vaccinate as a Major Component of Wax Ester Fraction of Extra Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Mariani Carlo , Lucci Paolo , Conte Lanfranco 
Published: June 2018

Despite the great efforts devoted to the study of the chemical composition of olive oil, the identification of minor components is still incomplete. Within this context, the characterization of esters of fatty alcohols with fatty acids is far from complete. The objective of this study is to investigate phytyl wax esters profile of extra‐virgin olive oils, in order to provide an update on the current knowledge of the chemical composition of this fraction. Extra‐virgin olive oil waxes are transesterificated with HCl/isobutanol and isobutyl esters are analyzed by GC‐FID and GC‐MS using two capillary columns with different polarity. A comparison of the GC retention times with analytical standards together with the acquired mass spectra allow to identify and confirm, for the first time, phytyl vaccinate as the relevant unknown peak detected in the wax esters fraction of extra‐virgin olive oils. Additionally, the analysis of the composition of aliphatic alcohols obtained by hydrolysis of waxes reveals that the preponderant compound is C24 alcohol derived from lignoceryl palmitate, which is practically the only wax really present, while the low level of C28 alcohol confirms that extra‐virgin olive oils of good quality contain negligible amounts of long‐chain waxes which are derived from C28 alcohol.Practical Applications: Phytil vaccinate has been shown for the first time as a relevant component of apolar olive oil fraction, highlighting the importance of studying the biosynthesis of the esterified apolar fraction of extra virgin olive oils since acids esterified with diterpenes are quantitatively different from those found in triglycerides. From a nutritional point of view, the identification and characterization of the diterpenic esters profiles of the apolar fraction of extra virgin olive oils is of particular interest, especially considering that these compounds contribute to the reduction of blood cholesterol levels.This study has demonstrates, for the first time, the presence of phytyl vaccinate as a relevant component of apolar olive oil fraction.
Game theoretic frequency reuse approach in OFDMA femtocell networks
Authors: Ghosh Joydev , Jayakody Dushantha Nalin K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we initially dealt with the issue of spectrum allocation among macro (or “licensed”) and femto (or “unlicensed”) users in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access femtocell network of noncooperative game theoretic frequency reuse approach. We formulate the difficulty based on spectrum bidding. Here, individual secondary users (SUs) create an auction for the amount of bandwidth and every primary user can share the frequency band among SUs by itself according to the intelligence from SUs without lowering its own performance. Here, we consider that the bidding is a noncooperative game and one of its solutions is a Nash equilibrium. The femto base stations are grouped into different cluster for mitigating the undesired interference among them. The game theoretical method deals with the intercluster frequency clashes. We exemplified a link between utility function and the number of players by noncooperative game theoretic approach to guide the spectrum sharing decision at the cell edges. The convergence of the development mechanism is rigorously scrutinized and extensive numerical outcomes are presented to illustrate their potential merits.
Dynamic factor model with infinite‐dimensional factor space: Forecasting
Authors: Forni Mario , Giovannelli Alessandro , Lippi Marco , Soccorsi Stefano 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe paper compares the pseudo real‐time forecasting performance of three dynamic factor models: (i) the standard principal component model introduced by Stock and Watson in 2002; (ii) the model based on generalized principal components, introduced by Forni, Hallin, Lippi, and Reichlin in 2005; (iii) the model recently proposed by Forni, Hallin, Lippi, and Zaffaroni in 2015. We employ a large monthly dataset of macroeconomic and financial time series for the US economy, which includes the Great Moderation, the Great Recession and the subsequent recovery (an update of the so‐called Stock and Watson dataset). Using a rolling window for estimation and prediction, we find that model (iii) significantly outperforms models (i) and (ii) in the Great Moderation period for both industrial production and inflation, and that model (iii) is also the best method for inflation over the full sample. However, model (iii) is outperformed by models (ii) and (i) over the full sample for industrial production.
Hearing and quality of life in older adults
Authors: Hyams Adriana V. , Hay‐McCutcheon Marcia , Scogin Forrest 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed quality of life (QoL) in older adults with and without hearing loss (HL) and studied how hearing aids were associated with QoL. We hypothesized participants with normal hearing would have significantly better QoL than participants with HL and hearing aids, and participants with HL but no aids would have the worst QoL.MethodAt the University of Alabama and rural public health departments in surrounding counties, we tested 100 males and females aged 60–87 using pure‐tone audiometry. They completed Short Form‐36 and Medical Outcome Study assessments. We analyzed data with MANCOVA (covariate income).ResultsParticipants without hearing aids had significantly poorer QoL than participants with normal hearing, who did not significantly differ from participants with aids. General health drove the difference.ConclusionsHearing aids are associated with better QoL than having HL and going without aids. Clinical psychologists can improve coping among those with HL and motivate hearing aid use.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling With Enterohepatic Circulation for AZD3241 in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Tong Xiao , Zhou Diansong , Savage Alicia , Mullen Jamie A. , Li Yan , Taylor Wendy , Li Jianguo , Al‐Huniti Nidal , Xu Hongmei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAZD3241 is a potent and selective myeloperoxidase inhibitor potentially for the treatment of a number of neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple system atrophy (MSA). The objectives of this work were to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model for AZD3241 and to investigate the correlation between AZD3241 exposure and myeloperoxidase inhibition. The PopPK model was developed using AZD3241 data from one phase 1 study in healthy subjects and one phase 2 study in patients with MSA. A one‐compartment model incorporating a gallbladder compartment for enterohepatic circulation, sequential zero‐first order absorption, and first‐order elimination adequately described the AZD3241 concentration profiles. The apparent clearance and central volume of distribution were 63.1 L/h (interindividual variability: 34.8%) and 121.9 L (interindividual variability: 44.0%), respectively. The enterohepatic circulation model reasonably captured the second peak of AZD3241, and high‐fat food increased the absorption rate by 69%. A linear regression model was applied to describe the relationship between AZD3241 exposure and percentage change from baseline in myeloperoxidase‐specific activity. The developed PopPK model was consistent with known pharmacokinetic characteristics of AZD3241. This model can be used to estimate AZD3241 exposure in patients with MSA and could be applied to future pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic analyses of AZD3241 in clinical development.