bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clostridium Difficile Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Albarrak Abdulmajeed A. , Romana Bhupinder S. , Uraz Suleyman , Yousef Mohamad H. , Juboori Alhareth A. , Tahan Veysel 
Published: March 2019

Background:The rising incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in the general population has been recognized by health care organizations worldwide. The emergence of hypervirulent strains has made CDI more challenging to understand and treat. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at higher risk of infection, including CDI.Objective:A diagnostic approach for recurrent CDI has yet to be validated, particularly for IBD patients. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for toxins A and B, as well as glutamate dehydrogenase EIA, are both rapid testing options for the identification of CDI. Without a high index of suspicion, it is challenging to initially differentiate CDI from an IBD flare based on clinical evaluation alone.Methods:Here, we provide an up-to-date review on CDI in IBD patients. When caring for an IBD patient with suspected CDI, it is appropriate to empirically treat the presumed infection while awaiting further test results.Results:Treatment with vancomycin or fidaxomicin, but not oral metronidazole, has been advocated by an expert review from the clinical practice update committee of the American Gastroenterology Association. Recurrent CDI is more common in IBD patients compared to non-IBD patients (32% versus 24%), thus more aggressive treatment is recommended for IBD patients along with early consideration of fecal microbiota transplant.Conclusion:Although the use of infliximab during CDI has been debated, clinical experience exists supporting its use in an IBD flare, even with active CDI when needed.
Epigenetic Modifications Associated with the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hossan Tareq , Kundu Shoumik , Alam Sayeda Sadia , Nagarajan Sankari 
Published: March 2019

Background and Objective:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder. Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are the most common and crucial events of T2DM. Increasing evidence suggests the association of epigenetic modifications with the pathogenesis of T2DM through the changes in important biological processes including pancreatic β- cell differentiation, development and maintenance of normal β-cell function. Insulin sensitivity by the peripheral glucose uptake tissues is also changed by the altered epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we discussed the major epigenetic alterations and their effects on β-cell function, insulin secretion and insulin resistance in context of T2DM.Methods:We investigated the presently available epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation, posttranslational histone modifications, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs related to the pathogenesis of T2DM. Published literatures on this topic were searched both on Google Scholar and Pubmed with related keywords and investigated for relevant information.Results:The epigenetic modifications introduce changes in gene expression which are essential for appropriate β-cell development and functions, insulin secretion and sensitivity resulting in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Interestingly, T2DM could also be a prominent reason for the mentioned epigenetic alterations.Conclusion:This review article emphasized on the epigenetic modifications associated with T2DM and discussed the consequences in deterioration of the disease condition.
Patients’ Use of the Internet to Find Reliable Medical Information About Minor Ailments: Vignette-Based Experimental Study
Authors: Kwakernaak Joyce , Eekhof Just A H , De Waal Margot W M , Barenbrug Elisabeth A M , Chavannes Niels H 
Published: March 2019

Background
Little is known about the exact process of how patients search for medical information on the internet and what they retrieve. There is especially a paucity of literature on browsing for information on minor ailments, a term used for harmless diseases that are very common in the general population and thus have a significant impact on health care.

Objective
This vignette-based experimental study aimed to explore what kind of Web-based search strategies are applied and how search strategies, demographic characteristics, and the quality of the visited websites relate to finding the right diagnosis. Additional goals were to describe how searching on the Web influences one’s perception of the severity of the potential diagnosis and whether or not the participants would discuss the information they found on the internet with their doctors.

Methods
Out of 1372 survey participants, 355 were randomly sampled, and 155 of them were recruited and assigned to one of four clinical scenarios. Each search term they used was classified as one of three search strategies: (1) hypothesis testing, (2) narrowing within the general hypothesis area, and (3) symptom exploration. The quality of the websites used was determined by using the DISCERN instrument. To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the participants before and after the internet search, a McNemar test was used. Chi-square tests were used to describe which factors are related to the chosen search strategy. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was constructed to predict which factors are related to finding a sound diagnosis after searching the internet for health information.

Results
Most participants (65.8%, 102/155) used the symptom exploration strategy. However, this depends on the assigned scenario (P<.001) and the self-estimated severity score of the symptoms before the internet search (P=.001). A significant relation was found between choosing an accurate diagnosis and age (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98) and the clinical scenario, as well as the use of high-quality websites (OR 7.49, 95% CI 1.85 to 30.26). Browsing the internet did not lead to a statistically significant change in participants’ beliefs about the severity of the condition (McNemar test, P=.85). Most participants (65%) shared their retrieved information with their physician and most of them (75%) received a positive response.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that most patients use a symptom-based approach; however, if patients expect the potential diagnosis to be severe, they tend to use a hypothesis verification strategy more often and are therefore prone to certain forms of bias. In addition, self-diagnosing accuracy is related to younger age, the symptom scenario, and the use of high-quality websites. We should find ways to guide patients toward search strategies and websites that may more likely lead to accurate decision making.
Control Self-Assessment and Costs of Compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404
Authors: Abbott Lawrence J. , Parker Susan , Peters Gary F. , Presley Theresa J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Control self-assessment (CSA) represents the practice of making operational-level managers responsible for internal control monitoring. We investigate the association between the use of CSA and certain costs incurred in maintaining internal control systems and complying with regulatory requirements. We find a negative association between CSA and external audit fees paid for the audit of internal control over financial reporting. Moreover, we find an incremental fee reduction resulting from the interaction between CSA and Section 404 assistance provided to the external auditor by the internal auditor. Additionally, we find a negative association between the use of CSA and some costs of the internal audit's own evaluation of operational and financial controls for managerial purposes. In sum, our study suggests that CSA can lessen at least some internal control costs while reducing control risk as proxied by external costs of internal control compliance. We discuss implications for broader management control systems.
How Sensitivity of Energy Intake to Fuel Price Change: Evidence from Central Java
Authors: Widarjono Agus 
Published: March 2019

Because of high world oil prices during 2008-2013, the government must adjust domestic fuel price several times. One of the fuel price adjustments occurred in 2013. The increase in fuel prices caused high inflation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of rising fuel prices on calorie consumption as a main source of energy intake in Central Java Province. The results of this study indicate that calorie income elasticity increased both in urban and rural areas after the increase in fuel price. However, urban households are more responsive than rural households. An increase in calorie income elasticity means that households must allocate more expenditure on food consumption in order to fulfill minimum energy intake. These findings imply that cash transfer policies such as direct cash transfer for poor households known as BLT as well as rice policy for poor households as called Raskin are very effective to maintain minimum calorie intake during price crisis.
Impact of FDI, COP, and Inflation to Export in Five ASEAN Countries
Authors: Purusa Nanda Adhi , Istiqomah Nurul 
Published: March 2019

The effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), crude oil price and inflation on the export are mainly examined in the case of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam by using data from 2000 to 2015. These countries have opportunity to increased prosperity in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). Therefore, increasing productivity and international trading are important for each country. This study employed panel data model in the analyses and the findings show that Fixed Effect Model with Generalized Least Square method is implemented. Hence, using this method is determined by likelihood test and Hausman test. The statistical tests in this study consist of partial coefficient test, stimulant, and coefficient of determination. The result shows that FDI and crude oil price have positive effect and significant on export, but inflation has negative effect and significant on export. Constant value shows that each country has the difference condition. Simple bureaucracy is needed to increased efficiency that will attract foreign investors to invest their fund and the discovery of alternative energy and new production technique can increase a country productivity significantly in producing goods or services for both domestic and export-oriented.
Protection Strategies On Irrigated Farm Lands In Semarang District Using Analysis Hierarchi Process
Authors: Pramana Novi , Prajanti Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika 
Published: March 2019

Semarang District is an area which one of its focuses is on improving regional economy mainly based on agricultural sector. The agricultural activities which still depend on lands make those are considered having an important role. It is supported with regulations which protect the functional changes of farm lands, especially the irrigated ones. However, during a period of 2010-2014, the irrigated farm lands were reduced. A strategy to protect those irrigated farm lands is highly necessary, that is, by considering criteria to prioritize on protection of the irrigated farm lands in Semarang district. This study uses a method of Analysis Hierarchi Process (AHP) with a purposive sampling technique to collect 10 respondents. A protection strategy on Irrigated farm lands in Semarang district consists of several criteria with a prioritized program criterion of sustainable land and water utilization (0.322). The following criteria are optimization of irrigation network performance (0.241), law (0.186), economy (0.160), and social (0.091). There are some suggestions after conducting this study, such as providing education and socialization of legislations of law on farm land protection especially the irrigated ones, construction of reservoirs and dams, utilization of organic materials on farm lands management, irrigation network rehabilitation, strengthening legislations on protection of farm lands, authorities’ closer controls and supervisions, facilitation in obtaining agricultural inputs to improve welfare by empowering families, owners, and managers of those irrigated farm lands, as well as escorting policies on layout and regional plans to maintain the wide agricultural areas of irrigated farm lands.
PERENCANAAN SISTEM PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN DI WILAYAH IKK LEUWIMUNDING, PALASAH, SUMBERJAYA KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
Authors: Afiatun Evi , Wahyuni Sri , Taruna Riki Dwi 
Published: March 2019

Air merupakan kebutuhan pokok yang paling mendasar bagi kehidupan manusia. Peningkatan pertumbuhan penduduk yang meningkat menyebabkan kebutuhan air yang meningkat,sehingga terjadi juga di Kabupaten Majalengkaterutama IKK Leuwimunding, Palasah, Sumberjaya.Berdasarkan penelaahan atas kualitas air baku,Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82 tahun 2001, tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air, hasil pemeriksaan di laboratorium menjelaskan bahwa semua parameter memenuhi standar air baku, kecuali parameter E.coli sehingga membutuhkan proses desinfeksi. Oleh karena itu, pengolahan air minum yang lengkap tidak diperlukan.Dari hasil perhitunganproyeksi jumlah penduduk untuk 10 tahun perencanaanhingga tahun 2025, airbaku yang diperlukan sebesar 245 l/dtk.Sedangkan debit sumber mata air memiliki kapasitas sebesar 450 l/dtk.Unit yang akan digunakan yaitu bangunan penangkap mata air, bangunan penampung, desinfeksi dan reservoir. Perhitungan sistem perpipaan air minum menggunakansoftware EPANET 2.0. Dengan investasi rencana anggaran biaya sebesar Rp. 25.640.136.000,00.
Vulnerability Assessment of Settlements During Emergencies
Authors: Radosavljevic Jasmina , Djordjevic Amelija , Vukadinovic Ana , Ristic Dejan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
During emergencies which occur as a result of uncontrolled effects of natural disasters, major technical and technological accidents and major epidemics of infectious diseases, the health and life of people and the persistent environmental degradation may be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the vulnerability of the settlements from natural disasters and other accidents. The assessment must be professionally and scientifically established with a multidisciplinary approach. This paper defines methodology for vulnerability assessment of given populated areas during emergencies arising from uncontrolled effects of natural and other disasters which involves a complex analysis of actual hazard probabilities and the level of impact on humans, animals, property, cultural wealth, and the environment.
Preparation of Material Based on Biochar - MnOx, Its Morphology, Thermal Stability and Phytotoxicity
Authors: Roupcová Petra , Klouda Karel , Weisheitelová Markéta , Filipi Bohdan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
By reducing potassium permanganate using various methods (microwave radiation, HCl, ethanol, ascorbic acid) in a biochar environment, we have prepared composites of manganese oxides and biochar as an electrode material for elements or supercapacitors. Once identified, the prepared products were tested for thermal stability and phytotoxicity as a safety parameter in case they get in contact with the natural environment. The publication had also discussed progression of thermal decomposition of the composite. The process was exo-thermal with mutual oxidation-reduction reaction between the manganese oxides and biochar carbon. In the article there are also described the adsorption capabilities of prepared products. The manganese oxide content had also influenced the phytotoxicity test results. The biochar itself had stimulating effects on all tested seeds, while composites had shown both stimulating and inhibiting effects, depending on the kind of tested seeds.
Infrared Spectrometry Options With ATR Method for Oxidation Evaluation of Oils
Authors: Poledník Jan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Theme Article deals with the use of infrared spectrometry (ATR method) to analyze oxidation, because oxidation plays a role in the self-ignition of oils. As samples were used - sunflower oil, linseed oil. Aim experiment to verify that the infrared spectrometry modified by the ATR method is suitable for the evaluation of the oxidation of liquid substances. Verification of the suitability of the method was performed by comparing the data obtained during the measurement of this experiment with the data verified in other publications. Subsequently, the influence of temperature and time on the oxidation assumed was investigated.
The Influence of Satisfaction With the Physical Work Environment on Safe Work Behaviour and Cognitive Failure
Authors: Klockner Karen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This research looked at workers’ satisfaction with the work environment, cognitive failures and safe work behaviour. Results indicated that safe work behaviour was positively related to workers’ satisfaction with their physical work environment and negatively related to cognitive failures. There was also a negative relationship between satisfaction with the physical work environment and cognitive failures. This paper contributes to a further understanding of how organisations can enhance safe work behaviour with a view to reducing occupational injuries and safety-related incidents by understanding the influence that satisfaction with the physical work environment has on workers.
Using Video To Teach Listening at English Department in Fkip Unilak Pekanbaru
Authors: Kasriyati Destina 
Published: March 2019

This study aims to provide a more interesting video-shaped learning media to teach listening courses at FKIP University of Lancang Kuning to improve students' ability in understanding the information. This research was conducted in FKIP Unilak in the odd semester of the 2016/2017 academic year. The research method used classroom action research to find out how far the learning media can improve students’ ability and the factors that influence student listening ability. Then, technique of collecting data used interview, observation, and test. Based on the result of test instrument that there was improvement in students’ listening skill after applying video as learning media. It showed from the test result that first stage was obtained the lowest score, that was 58, the highest 76, the average 76. While students’ score in the second stage is the lowest 76 and the highest 80, while the average value of 86. This indicated that the student listening ability increases after applying video as learning media. Furthermore, the interview and observation result deal with the second research question that factors affecting listening ability are influenced by the media. The second factor is the strategy and learning materials used by the lecturers in delivering teaching materials in listening learning also greatly affected the students’ ability.
Application of ESMACS Binding Free Energy Protocols to Diverse Datasets: Bromodomain-Containing Protein 4
Authors: Wright David , Wan Shunzhou , Meyer Christophe , Van Vlijmen Herman , Tresadern Gary , Coveney Peter 
Published: March 2019

We investigate the robustness of our ensemble molecular dynamics binding free energy protocols, known as ESMACS, to different choices of forcefield, starting structure and analysis. ESMACS is based on MMPBSA and we examinge the influence of multiple trajectories, explicit water molecules and estimates of the entropic contribution to the binding free energy.Simulation input and binding affinity calculation data:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1484050
INFLUENCE OF AIR TEMPERATURE ON DURATION OF IMPULSE OPENING SPRAY IN THE ENGINE INTAKE MANIFOLD WHILE CAR OPERATION IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS
Authors: Akunov B. U. , Kasymbekov K. Dj. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The air temperature in the intake manifold is used by an electronic engine control unit to adjust the injection time of the fuel injector top. The intake air temperature is variable and depends on the operating conditions of the vehicle. When air intake temperature decreases, the duration of the nozzle opening pulse increases and, conversely, as air intake temperature increases, the duration of thenozzle opening pulse decreases.Materials and methods. The paper demonstrates the analysis of the air temperature effect in the intake manifold of the engine on the duration of the injector opening pulse while the engine is idling and when the vehicle is moving with different speed conditions on the flat, mountainous and alpine sections of the road.Results. As a result, the research showes that the movement of the car at high speeds on the flat sections of the road leads to a significant decrease of air temperature in the intake manifold and an increase in the duration of the injector opening pulse. Moreover, when the vehicle moves on the mountainous sections of the road, the effect of air temperature in the intake manifold on the nozzle opening impulse duration is insignificant, since the speed of the vehicle movement is influenced by the complexity of the terrain and the parameters of the mountain and high-mountain roads.
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF INNOVATIVE MATERIALS WHILE THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROAD BASE STRENGTHENED LAYERS
Authors: Bedrin E. A. , Bedrina E. A. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The introduction of innovative technologies and materials in road construction is difficult due to a number of constraints, the solution of which is an urgent task of the construction industry. The competitive advantages of innovative materials (polymer-mineral composition “Nicoflok”) relative to traditional ones are considered on the example of the soil strengthening technology. The results of the research show the inconsistency of the regulatory and legal framework of the road sector in terms of the innovative technologies (materials) application. Such results suggest quickly update, refining both the characteristics of materials and methods for assessing the usage effectiveness. Thus, it is possible to increase the reliability of decisions made on the repair and construction of roads, and, as a consequence, increase their service.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the course of construction (repair) work on the pilot road sections, as well as after a year of their operation. The authors used the regulatory documents and standard test methods for determining the physic, mechanical and deformation characteristics of soils and materials reinforced by the Nicoflok. Taking into account the obtained characteristics of the materials, the authors calculated an equal strength pavement structure using a licensed software product. According to the developed design options, the estimated cost of pavement construction was also calculated.Results. The results of the research allow authors to conclude that the physic and mechanical characteristics of the reinforced material are improved. At the same time, the competitive ability for the additive usage also increases.Discussion and conclusions. The paper shows the inconsistency of the regulatory and legal framework in the road sector in terms of the application of innovative technologies (materials). Moreover, the authors suggest the need to quickly update, clarifying both the characteristics of materials and methods for evaluating the usage effectiveness.