bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Security analysis and improvement of a mutual authentication and key agreement solution for wireless sensor networks using chaotic maps
Authors: Li JiLiang , Zhang WeiGuo , Kumari Saru , Choo Kim‐Kwang Raymond , Hogrefe Dieter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA characteristic of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) different from traditional networks is that WSNs are vulnerable to various types of attacks because of their distinctive features, involving distributed and nomadic attribute, wireless transmission medium, and lack of centralized infrastructure of security protection. Recently, Kumari et al presented a mutual authentication and key agreement scheme for WSNs using chaotic maps. Unfortunately, we find that the scheme of Kumari et al cannot resist sensor node capture attack, session‐specific temporary information attack, sensor node impersonation attack, and man‐in‐the‐middle attack. To overcome the security weaknesses in the solution of Kumari et al, this paper introduces a secure and efficient mutual authentication and key agreement scheme for heterogeneous ad hoc WSNs in fully public channel. Consequently, compared with the solution of Kumari et al, while providing relatively higher level of security and more security features, the proposed solution remains a favorable performance on communication overhead, computation overhead, and storage overhead separately.
Horizontal gene cluster transfer increased hallucinogenic mushroom diversity
Authors: Reynolds Hannah T. , Vijayakumar Vinod , Gluck-Thaler Emile , Korotkin Hailee Brynn , Matheny Patrick Brandon , Slot Jason C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSecondary metabolites are a heterogeneous class of chemicals that often mediate interactions between species. The tryptophan-derived secondary metabolite, psilocin, is a serotonin receptor agonist that induces altered states of consciousness. A phylogenetically disjunct group of mushroom-forming fungi in the Agaricales produce the psilocin prodrug, psilocybin. Spotty phylogenetic distributions of fungal compounds are sometimes explained by horizontal transfer of metabolic gene clusters among unrelated fungi with overlapping niches. We report the discovery of a psilocybin gene cluster in three hallucinogenic mushroom genomes, and evidence for its horizontal transfer between fungal lineages. Patterns of gene distribution and transmission suggest that synthesis of psilocybin may have provided a fitness advantage in the dung and late wood-decay fungal niches, which may serve as reservoirs of fungal indole-based metabolites that alter behavior of mycophagous and wood-eating invertebrates. These hallucinogenic mushroom genomes will serve as models in neurochemical ecology, advancing the (bio)prospecting and synthetic biology of novel neuropharmaceuticals.
Dissociable meta‐analytic brain networks contribute to coordinated emotional processing
Authors: Riedel Michael C. , Yanes Julio A. , Ray Kimberly L. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Fox Peter T. , Sutherland Matthew T. , Laird Angela R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMeta‐analytic techniques for mining the neuroimaging literature continue to exert an impact on our conceptualization of functional brain networks contributing to human emotion and cognition. Traditional theories regarding the neurobiological substrates contributing to affective processing are shifting from regional‐ towards more network‐based heuristic frameworks. To elucidate differential brain network involvement linked to distinct aspects of emotion processing, we applied an emergent meta‐analytic clustering approach to the extensive body of affective neuroimaging results archived in the BrainMap database. Specifically, we performed hierarchical clustering on the modeled activation maps from 1,747 experiments in the affective processing domain, resulting in five meta‐analytic groupings of experiments demonstrating whole‐brain recruitment. Behavioral inference analyses conducted for each of these groupings suggested dissociable networks supporting: (1) visual perception within primary and associative visual cortices, (2) auditory perception within primary auditory cortices, (3) attention to emotionally salient information within insular, anterior cingulate, and subcortical regions, (4) appraisal and prediction of emotional events within medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices, and (5) induction of emotional responses within amygdala and fusiform gyri. These meta‐analytic outcomes are consistent with a contemporary psychological model of affective processing in which emotionally salient information from perceived stimuli are integrated with previous experiences to engender a subjective affective response. This study highlights the utility of using emergent meta‐analytic methods to inform and extend psychological theories and suggests that emotions are manifest as the eventual consequence of interactions between large‐scale brain networks.
Disruption in neural phase synchrony is related to identification of inattentional deafness in real‐world setting
Authors: Callan Daniel E. , Gateau Thibault , Durantin Gautier , Gonthier Nicolas , Dehais Frédéric 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIndividuals often have reduced ability to hear alarms in real world situations (e.g., anesthesia monitoring, flying airplanes) when attention is focused on another task, sometimes with devastating consequences. This phenomenon is called inattentional deafness and usually occurs under critical high workload conditions. It is difficult to simulate the critical nature of these tasks in the laboratory. In this study, dry electroencephalography is used to investigate inattentional deafness in real flight while piloting an airplane. The pilots participating in the experiment responded to audio alarms while experiencing critical high workload situations. It was found that missed relative to detected alarms were marked by reduced stimulus evoked phase synchrony in theta and alpha frequencies (6–14 Hz) from 120 to 230 ms poststimulus onset. Correlation of alarm detection performance with intertrial coherence measures of neural phase synchrony showed different frequency and time ranges for detected and missed alarms. These results are consistent with selective attentional processes actively disrupting oscillatory coherence in sensory networks not involved with the primary task (piloting in this case) under critical high load conditions. This hypothesis is corroborated by analyses of flight parameters showing greater maneuvering associated with difficult phases of flight occurring during missed alarms. Our results suggest modulation of neural oscillation is a general mechanism of attention utilizing enhancement of phase synchrony to sharpen alarm perception during successful divided attention, and disruption of phase synchrony in brain networks when attentional demands of the primary task are great, such as in the case of inattentional deafness.
Veteran status, disability rating, and public sector employment
Authors: Winters John V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper used microdata from the 2013–2015 American Community Survey to examine differences in federal government, state and local government, private sector, and self‐employment among employed veterans and nonveterans. The U.S. federal and state governments have hiring preferences to benefit veterans, especially disabled veterans. Other factors may also push veterans toward public sector employment. I found that veteran status substantially increased the likelihood of federal employment, with the largest magnitudes for severely disabled veterans. Differences in state and local government employment were modest and exhibited heterogeneity by disability severity.
CO2 Conversion Enhancement in a Periodically Operated Sabatier Reactor: Nonlinear Frequency Response Analysis and Simulation‐based Study
Authors: Currie Robert , Nikolic Daliborka , Petkovska Menka , Simakov David S.A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConversion of CO2 into synthetic CH4 via thermocatalytic hydrogenation (the Sabatier reaction), has recently gained increasing interest as a possible route for CO2 utilization and energy storage pathway. Herein, we analyze the possibility of increasing the CO2 conversion through periodic operation of the reactor. The analysis is performed by using the Nonlinear Frequency Response (NFR) method, a recently developed analytical technique, suitable for fast evaluation of periodic reactor operations. The NFR analysis predicts a significant conversion gain (up to 50 %) for certain frequencies of the feed flow rate modulation. This prediction is validated by numerical simulations with a reaction rate expression obtained by CO2 conversion experiments using a Ni/Al2O3 catalysts. Both the NFR analysis and numerical simulations predict that it is possible to obtain 70 % CO2 conversion at 500 K, 5 bar, and average space velocity of 7600 h−1 by a periodic modulation of the feed flow rate, as compared to the corresponding steady state CO2 conversion of 43 %.
Hetero‐Bambusurils
Authors: Reany Ofer , Mohite Amar , Keinan Ehud 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSynthetic anion carriers are essential for studying natural ion transporters and channels and for useful applications, such as treatment of channelopathies, supramolecular architecture, anion sensing and catalysis. Driven by the hypothesis that replacement of oxygen atoms in bambusurils (BUs) by other heteroatoms could significantly modify their anion binding properties, we calculated their molecular electrostatic potential and found a general trend of anion‐affinity: S>O>NH. We confirmed these predictions experimentally by synthesizing semithio‐ and semiaza‐BUs and studying their binding and transport properties. Although all analogs are excellent anion binders, only semithio‐bambus[6]uril is an effective transmembrane transporter capable of polarizing lipid membranes through selective anion uniport. Semiaza‐BUs exhibit simultaneous accommodation of three anions, linearly positioned along the main symmetry axis, which is reminiscent of natural chloride channels in E. coli.
POSTPARTUM BONDING DIFFICULTIES AND ADULT ATTACHMENT STYLES: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AND CHILDBIRTH‐RELATED PTSD
Authors: S. Hairston Ilana , E. Handelzalts Jonathan , Assis Chen , Kovo Michal 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTDespite decades of research demonstrating the role of adult attachment styles and early mother–infant bonding in parenting behaviors and maternal mental health, these constructs have seldom been studied together. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and specific bonding difficulties of mothers. In addition, as postpartum depression and childbirth‐related posttraumatic stress symptoms have been associated with both constructs, we explored their possible mediation effect. One hundred fourteen mothers, 4 to 12 weeks’ postpartum, completed a demographic questionnaire, the Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (M. Mikulincer, V. Florian, & A. Tolmacz, 1990), the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (L.F. Brockington, C. Fraser, & D. Wilson, 2006), the Modified Perinatal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (J.L. Callahan, S.E. Borja, & M.T. Hynan, 2006), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (J.L. Cox, G. Chapman, D. Murray, & P. Jones, 1996), using an online survey system. As predicted, insecure attachment styles were associated with bonding difficulties wherein anxious/ambivalent attachment was associated with greater infant‐focused anxiety, mediated by postpartum depression but not childbirth‐related PTSD symptoms. In contrast, greater avoidant attachment style was associated with greater rejection and anger, mediated by childbirth‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but not depression symptoms. The current study confirmed the association of different attachment styles with bonding as well as the mediating roles of childbirth‐related PTSD and postpartum depression symptoms. Future psychological interventions may utilize such evidence to target interventions for bonding disorders in accordance with individual differences.
What should be the laboratory approach against isolated prolongation of a activated partial thromboplastin time?
Authors: Falay Mesude , Senes Mehmet , Yücel Dogan , Turhan Turan , Dagdaş Simten , Pekin Melike , Nazaroglu Namik K. , Özet Gülsüm 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThis study is a retrospective evaluation of patients who were subject to mixing study in our laboratory due to prolonged APTT. The preliminary diagnoses, clinical manifestations, and results of additional ordered tests were reviewed. The study aims to investigate whether repeating APTT test with a different assay prior to performing mixed study in patients with prolonged APTT would be a better alternative algorithmic approach in order to save both time and costs.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 166 patients (65 females and 101 males) who were subject to mixing study due to isolated prolonged APTT. Additional ordered tests to identify the etiology and clinical findings were reviewed. All patients who had prolonged APTT as a result of testing with Hemosil Synthasil APTT reagent in ACL TOP analyzer were repeated with Stago Cephascreen APTT reagent in STA‐R coagulation analyzer.ResultsAPTT test was requested preoperatively in 72.2% of cases. Only 6.6% of the cases had history of bleeding. Correction with mixing study was achieved in 122 (73.5%) cases, among which 75 (45%) cases were found to have APTT test results within reference range when tested with Cephascreen reagent. In 44 (26.5%) cases, mixing study did not result in correction. Only 4 cases were confirmed to have lupus anticoagulants (LA), while 4 cases were diagnosed with hemophilia with inhibitors.ConclusionProlonged APTT results should always be retested using a different assay prior to mixing study. The clinician and the laboratory specialist should collaborate at the postanalytical phase.
Identification of a novel truncating mutation in PALB2 gene by a multigene sequencing panel for mutational screening of breast cancer risk‐associated and related genes
Authors: Guacci Anna , Cordella Angela , Rocco Teresa , Giurato Giorgio , Nassa Giovanni , Rizzo Francesca , Carlomagno Chiara , Pepe Stefano , Tarallo Roberta , Weisz Alessandro 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm in women, with 5%‐10% patients showing a familial predisposition, where germline mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 genes are found in –20% of cases. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is among the best available options for genetic screening, providing several benefits that include enhanced sensitivity and unbiased mutation detection. PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2) is a cancer predisposing gene recently described that encodes a protein partner of BRCA2 involved in DNA double‐strand break repair and cell cycle control. The DNA damage response represents a key cellular event, targeted by innovative anticancer therapies, including those based on poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors targeting PARP1 and PARP2 enzymes, activated by DNA damage and involved in single‐strand break and base excision repair.MethodsGenomic DNA was isolated from 34 patient samples and four BC cell lines, as controls, and 27 breast cancer predisposing genes belonging to the BRCA1/BRCA2 and PARP pathways were sequenced by NGS.ResultsThe panel described here allowed identification of several sequence variations in most investigated genes, among which we found a novel truncating mutation in PALB2.ConclusionsThe NGS‐based strategy designed here for molecular analysis of a customized panel of BC predisposing and related genes was found to perform effectively, providing a comprehensive exploration of all genomic sequences of the investigated genes. It is thus useful for BC molecular diagnosis, in particular for familiar cases where alterations in routinely investigated genes, such as BRCAs, result to be absent.
Regulatory Perspectives in Pharmacometric Models of Osteoporosis
Authors: Madrasi Kumpal , Li Fang , Kim Myong‐Jin , Samant Snehal , Voss Stephen , Kehoe Theresa , Bashaw E. Dennis , Ahn Hae Young , Wang Yaning , Florian Jeffy , Schmidt Stephan , Lesko Lawrence J. , Li Li 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOsteoporosis is a disorder of the bones in which they are weakened to the extent that they become more prone to fracture. There are various forms of osteoporosis: some of them are induced by drugs, and others occur as a chronic progressive disorder as an individual gets older. As the median age of the population rises across the world, the chronic form of the bone disease is drawing attention as an important worldwide health issue. Developing new treatments for osteoporosis and comparing them with existing treatments are complicated processes due to current acceptance by regulatory authorities of bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk as clinical end points, which require clinical trials to be large, prolonged, and expensive to determine clinically significant impacts in BMD and fracture risk. Moreover, changes in BMD and fracture risk are not always correlated, with some clinical trials showing BMD improvement without a reduction in fractures. More recently, bone turnover markers specific to bone formation and resorption have been recognized that reflect bone physiology at a cellular level. These bone turnover markers change faster than BMD and fracture risk, and mathematically linking the biomarkers via a computational model to BMD and/or fracture risk may help in predicting BMD and fracture risk changes over time during the progression of a disease or when under treatment. Here, we discuss important concepts of bone physiology, osteoporosis, treatment options, mathematical modeling of osteoporosis, and the use of these models by the pharmaceutical industry and the Food and Drug Administration.
Comparative SEM and LM foliar epidermal and palyno‐morphological studies of Amaranthaceae and its taxonomic implications
Authors: Hussain Amara Noor , Zafar Muhammad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Khan Raees , Yaseen Ghulam , Khan Muhammad Saleem , Nazir Abdul , Khan Amir Muhammad , Shaheen Shabnum 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPalynological features as well as comparative foliar epidermal using light and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of 17 species (10genera) of Amaranthaceae have been studied for its taxonomic significance. Different foliar and palynological micro‐morphological characters were examined to explain their value in resolving the difficulty in identification. All species were amphistomatic but stomata on abaxial surface were more abundant. Taxonomically significant epidermal character including stomata type, trichomes (unicellular, multicellular, and capitate) and epidermal cells shapes (polygonal and irregular) were also observed. Pollens of this family are Polypantoporate, pores large, spheroidal, mesoporous region is sparsely to scabrate, densely psilate, and spinulose. All these characters can be active at species level for identification purpose. This study indicates that at different taxonomic levels, LM and SEM pollen and epidermal morphology is explanatory and significant to identify species and genera.
Conditional cash transfers and the reduction in partner violence for young women: an investigation of causal pathways using evidence from a randomized experiment in South Africa (HPTN 068)
Authors: Kilburn Kelly N , Pettifor Audrey , Edwards Jessie K , Selin Amanda , Twine Rhian , MacPhail Catherine , Wagner Ryan , Hughes James P , Wang Jing , Kahn Kathleen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionEvidence has shown that the experience of violence by a partner has important influences on women's risk of HIV acquisition. Using a randomized experiment in northeast South Africa, we found that a conditional cash transfer (CCT) targeted to poor girls in high school reduced the risk of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) in the past 12 months by 34%. The purpose of this analysis is to understand the pathways through which the CCT affects IPV.MethodsHPTN 068 was a phase 3, randomized controlled trial in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Eligible young women (aged 13–20) and their parents or guardians were randomly assigned (1:1) to either receive a monthly cash transfer conditional on monthly high school attendance or no cash transfer. Between 2011 and 2015, participants (N = 2,448) were interviewed at baseline, then at annual follow‐up visits at 12, 24 and 36 months. The total effect of the CCT on IPV was estimated using a GEE log‐binomial regression model. We then estimated controlled direct effects to examine mediation of direct effects through intermediate pathways. Mediators include sexual partnership measures, the sexual relationship power scale, and household consumption measures.ResultsWe found evidence that the CCT works in part through delaying sexual debut or reducing the number of sexual partners. The intervention interacts with these mediators leading to larger reductions in IPV risk compared to the total effect of the CCT on any physical IPV [RR 0.66, CI(95%):0.59–0.74]. The largest reductions are seen when we estimate the controlled direct effect under no sexual debut [RR 0.57, CI(95%):0.48–0.65] or under no sexual partner in the last 12 months [RR 0.53, CI(95%):0.46–0.60].ConclusionsResults indicate that a CCT for high school girls has protective effects on their experience of IPV and that the effect is due in part to girls choosing not to engage in sexual partnerships, thereby reducing the opportunity for IPV. As a lower exposure to IPV and safer sexual behaviours also protect against HIV acquisition, this study adds to the growing body of evidence on how cash transfers may reduce young women's HIV risk.
Ending AIDS by 2030: the importance of an interlinked approach and meaningful youth leadership
Authors: Gleeson Hayley S , Oliveras Rodriguez Carlo André , Hatane Luann , Hart Doortje‘t 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis commentary by authors from the Adolescent HIV Treatment Coalition calls for action to improve advocacy and service delivery for young people by leveraging the interlinkages between HIV and the broader development agenda. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes target 3.3 on ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030, and along with the 2016 Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS, this has led to a global renewal of political commitment to the HIV response. However, young people are still being left behind, and to provide an equitable and sustainable response to HIV we must ensure that we are meeting the needs of the 3.9 million young people living with HIV, and the millions more at risk.DiscussionWhile HIV has its own target within the 2030 Agenda, efforts to end AIDS are inextricable from other goals and targets, such as on poverty eradication, education, gender equality and peace. To tackle HIV we must work beyond target 3.3 and provide a comprehensive response that addresses the underlying structural inequalities that impact adolescents and young people, ensuring that we enable the meaningful engagement of youth and adolescents as partners and leaders of sustainable development and the HIV response. Finally, it is necessary to collect better disaggregated data and evidence on the HIV epidemic among adolescents, as well as on best practices for supporting them.ConclusionsEnding the AIDS epidemic among adolescents and young people (aged 10 to 24) by 2030 is possible. However, it requires an integrated, multi‐sectoral response to HIV which pays attention to the social determinants that put adolescents at risk and fuel the epidemic. Positioning efforts to end AIDS among young people within the broader 2030 Agenda and building youth leadership will contribute to building a more healthy, equitable and sustainable society for all.