bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and Morphology Properties of Cellulose Nanofiber from TEMPO-oxidized Lower part of Empty Fruit Bunches (LEFB)
Authors: I.P. Mahendra , B. Wirjosentono , Tamrin  , H. Ismail , J.A. Mendez 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) gel has been obtained from TEMPO-oxidized differently treated lower part of empty fruit bunches (LEFB) of oil palm. Three kinds of materials were initially used: (i) α-cellulose, (ii) raw LEFB fiber two-times bleaching, and (iii) raw LEFB three-times bleaching. The obtained nanofibers (CNF1, CNF2 and CNF3, respectively) were then characterized using several methods, e.g. FT-IR, SEM, UV-Visible, TEM, XRD and TGA. The LEFB at different levels of bleaching showed that the Kappa number decreased with the increase of the bleaching levels. The decrease of lignin and hemicellulose content affected the increase of the yield of fibrillation and optical transmittance of CNF2 and CNF3 gels. The FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of lignin and hemicellulose in the CNF2 and CNF3 film. Based on TEM analysis, the lignin and hemicellulose content significantly affected the particle structure of CNFs, i.e. CNF1 was found as a bundle of fibril, while the CNF2 and CNF3 were visualized as individual fibers and interwoven nanofibril overlapping each other, respectively. The XRD data of the CNF’s film showed that CNF2 and CNF3 have a lower crystallinity index (CI) than CNF1. The presence of lignin and hemicellulose in the CNFs decreased its decomposition temperature.
Quasi-static crack propagation in Ti-6Al-4V in inert and aggressive media
Authors: Baragetti Sergio , Borzini Emanuele , Arcieri Emanuele Vincenzo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
High strength-to-weight ratio Ti-6Al-4V alloy is used in many engineering applications. Its surface oxide film can protect the substrate from interaction with a lot of corrosive environments. Unfortunately, this surface layer can be damaged under mechanical and chemical actions with a consequent reduction in corrosion resistance. A characterization of the untreated alloy under quasi-static loading is here provided. Inert and aggressive environments have been investigated and the influence of the notch geometry of the alloy has also been analyzed.
Two-term spectral asymptotics for the Dirichlet Laplacian in a Lipschitz domain
Authors: Frank Rupert L. , Larson Simon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We prove a two-term Weyl-type asymptotic formula for sums of eigenvalues of the Dirichlet Laplacian in a bounded open set with Lipschitz boundary. Moreover, in the case of a convex domain we obtain a universal bound which correctly reproduces the first two terms in the asymptotics.
Activities to teach heat and temperature concepts to visually impaired students
Authors: Kızılaslan Aydın , Sözbilir Mustafa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLow vision or blindness are defined as visual impairment, which is the decreased ability to see to a degree that causes problems in education as well as in daily life. Students with visual impairment struggle with learning concepts in science due to using visual objects such as figures, equations and graphs. But the science could be made more accessible to those students through collaboration and specific adaptation in both the science classroom and laboratory by providing simple adaptations or doing some essential modifications to help them gaining experience with measuring, balancing and weighing a variety of materials with simple adaptations or modifications. This study aims to design activities to teach heat and temperature concepts to visually impaired students which are found difficult to comprehend even by the sighted students. For this purpose, instructional material that emphasizing the sense of touch and interactive science activities were designed to make science more accessible to 8th grade students in a special school for visually impaired. The activities basically consist of simple, economical and easily accessible everyday materials. Nearly all of the students indicated that they are quite satisfied if all courses would be taught by activities developed in line with their individual needs.
An experimental digital learning environment with universal accessibility
Authors: Kieserling Mats , Melle Insa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Today, digital media are an integral part of most people’s daily routine. Therefore, tablets, smartphones and the internet have become increasingly important at school, as well. At the same time, digitisation offers great potential for teaching highly heterogeneous learning groups individually and comprehensively. However, the use of digital media at German schools is still in its infancy. In order to create a basis for the successful implementation of digital media in teaching, it is necessary to generate profound knowledge about the effectiveness of digital learning environments regarding heterogeneous learning groups. Within this framework, we develop and evaluate a digital learning environment for lower secondary classrooms (age group 13–14) in this project. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of the use of tablet computers in different teaching phases on the students’ learning outcome. In order to analyse the effectiveness of the tablets in the classroom, we assess the expertise knowledge of the students before and after the teaching unit as well as the students’ attitude towards the teaching unit and towards working with tablet computers. With the help of a screen-capture-software, it is possible to retrace the students’ action steps while working with the tablets. Additionally, the lessons are filmed to compare the work behaviour of the learners with and without tablets. Furthermore, the cognitive abilities and the self-concept of the students are determined. This paper focuses on the development and design of the study, as the evaluation has not yet been completed.
Catalytic Steam Gasification of Glucose for Hydrogen Production Using Stable Based Ni on a γ–Alumina Fluidizable Catalyst
Authors: González Castañeda Daniel Gibran , Sanchez Enríquez Adriana , Cruz Reyes Ivan , Calzada Hernández Alan Ruben , Serrano Rosales Benito 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Six different Ni-based fluidizable catalysts were synthesized using both incipient impregnation and co-impregnation. Ni-based catalysts were also promoted with 2.0 wt% La or alternatively with 2 wt% Ce. The preparation procedure included catalysts treated at high temperatures and under free of oxygen conditions. Catalysts were characterized using BET, XRD, AA, PSD, TPR, TPD, H2-chemisorption. TPR and H2 chemisorption showed good metal dispersion with 10 nm- 40 nm metal crystallites.
Glucose catalytic gasification runs were performed in a CREC Riser Simulator to evaluate the following catalysts: (a) 5 %Ni/γ-Al2O3, (b) 5 %Ni-2 %La/γ-Al2O3 and (c) 5 %Ni-2 %Ce/γ-Al2O3. In all cases, the preparation steps involved acid solutions with pHs of 1 and 4. In between consecutive runs, different approaches were considered: (a) A catalyst was regenerated by air, (b) A catalyst was regenerated by air followed by hydrogen pretreatment, (c) A catalyst was reused directly without any regeneration or hydrogen pretreatment. It was observed that Ni-based catalysts, which were subjected after every run, to both, air regeneration and hydrogen pretreatment, displayed the best yields in close agreement with thermodynamic equilibrium. On the other hand, Ni-based catalysts regenerated with air only, showed the worst hydrogen yields. In between these two-hydrogen yield limits, where catalysts not contacted with air nor hydrogen, with these yields being moderately below chemical equilibrium.
This shows that Ni-based fluidizable catalysts can perform on stream for extended periods, requiring limited reactivation with air and H2. This makes of gasification using the catalysts of the present study, a viable process alternative that could be implemented at industrial scale.
Effect of hot arm and foot bath on heart rate variability and blood pressure in healthy volunteers
Authors: Vyas Samruddhi Chintaman , Mooventhan A. , Manjunath N. K. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Though hot arm and foot bath (HAFB) is widely used, a precise physiological response is not reported. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of HAFB on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) in healthy volunteers.

Materials and Methods
Sixteen healthy male volunteers’ aged 23.81 ± 5.27 (mean ± standard deviation) years were recruited. All the subjects underwent only one session of HAFB (104-degree Fahrenheit) for the duration of 20 min. Assessments such as Electrocardiography and BP were taken before and after the intervention.

Results
Results of this study showed a significant reduction in systolic-BP (SBP), diastolic-BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), the mean of the intervals between adjacent QRS complexes or the instantaneous heart rate (RR interval), the number of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 50 ms (NN50), the proportion derived by dividing NN50 by the total number of NN intervals (pNN50), and high frequency (HF) band of HRV along with a significant increase in heart rate (HR), low-frequency (LF) band of HRV and LF/HF ratio compared to its baseline.

Conclusions
Results of this study suggest that 20 min of HAFB produce a significant increase in HR and a significant reduction in SBP, DBP, and MAP while producing parasympathetic withdrawal.
MBO-Based Bandwidth Allocation and Traffic Coloring Optimization in PON
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Banga V. K. , Wason Amit 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Passive optical network (PON)-supported orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing is viewed as a capable answer designed for subsequent generation optical networks in terms of traffic coloring when integrated with monarch butterfly optimization (MBO). Traffic coloring optimization (TCO) or MBO algorithmic rule solves the matter of controlling the traffic, began by end-user transceivers with multiple parameters through rescheduling transmission capacity and bandwidth allocation strategy of the optical network, which are done by means of its operator functions. The TCO method with granularity adjustment components outcome signifies an improvement in quality of service as it reduces jitter and increases throughput in PON by 350 µs and 12.5 %, respectively. It even improves the blocking probability and fairness index.
Psychological effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in girls with central precocious puberty
Authors: Yu Rita , Yang Seung , Hwang Il Tae 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study was done to evaluate the emotional and behavioral status of precocious puberty patients and analyze the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment.

Methods
Sixty-six female precocious puberty patients were enrolled prospectively for the study at Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital of Hallym University Medical Center from September 2011 to December 2012 and self-administered questionnaire was completed during the GnRHa treatment initiation period and after 12 months from the first injection. The patients were evaluated using the Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) and Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI).

Results
A total of 30.3% (n = 20) of the patients scored within the clinical range for one or more scales of K-CBCL at the initiation of GnRHa treatment, but only 10.6% (seven patients) were within the clinical range after 1 year of treatment. Average CDI scores of the patients decreased from baseline 6.5 ± 6.0 to 4.9 ± 4.7 after GnRHa therapy.

Conclusions
This study shows that both K-CBCL and CDI scores improved from baseline score ranges after 1 year of GnRHa treatment in female central precocious puberty patients while significant psychological problems of clinical range amongst them were not noted.
Checking Model Adequacy for Count Time Series by Using Pearson Residuals
Authors: Weiß Christian , Scherer Lukas , Aleksandrov Boris , Feld Martin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
After having fitted a model to a given count time series, one has to check the adequacy of this model fit. The (standardized) Pearson residuals, being easy to compute and interpret, are a popular diagnostic approach for this purpose. But which types of model inadequacy might be uncovered by which statistics based on the Pearson residuals? In view of being able to apply such statistics in practice, it is also crucial to ask for the properties of these statistics under model adequacy. We look for answers to these questions by means of a comprehensive simulation study, which considers diverse types of count time series models and inadequacy scenarios. We illustrate our findings with two real-data examples about strikes in the U.S., and about corporate insolvencies in the districts of Rhineland–Palatinate. We conclude with a theoretical discussion of Pearson residuals.
Grenzen formaler Regulierung: Wie informelle Normen und kriminogene Werte die Korruptionsbereitschaft von Managern beeinflussen
Authors: Hermann Dieter , Pohlmann Markus , Klinkhammer Julian 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungMittels einer Online-Befragung von Managern in führenden Positionen werden Hypothesen über den Einfluss von Normen und Werten auf die Korruptionsbereitschaft überprüft. Dabei wird zwischen organisationaler und individueller Korruption sowie zwischen informellen und formellen Normen unterschieden. Bei der organisationalen Korruption steht der erwartete Nutzen für die Organisation und die Relevanz informeller Organisationsnormen im Vordergrund. Bei der individuellen Korruption sind der Nutzen des Akteurs und formale Normen handlungsrelevant, wohingegen informelle Normen organisationaler Nützlichkeit in den Hintergrund treten. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass die Bereitschaft zur organisationalen Korruption quantitativ bedeutsamer ist als die Bereitschaft zu individueller Korruption. Die Ablehnung von Konformität, Tradition, Wohlwollen, Universalismus und Selbstbestimmung, die Präferenz für leistungs- und machtorientierte Werte und Hedonismus sowie die Zustimmung zu den informellen Normen in einem Unternehmen sind die wichtigsten Bedingungen für die Bereitschaft zu organisationaler Korruption. Diese Ergebnisse stützen die voluntaristische Kriminalitätstheorie und sie untermauern institutionentheoretische Annahmen der Organisationssoziologie.
Akteneinsicht Dritter zu Forschungszwecken
Authors: Klopp Ina 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Analyse von Akten ist eine zentrale Methode in der empirisch-kriminologischen Forschungspraxis. Dabei sind verschiedene Akten bei unterschiedlichen Behörden von Interesse, bspw. Strafverfahrensakten, Jugendamtsakten, Akten der Polizei, Akten der Verwaltungsgerichte und Innenministerien. Um Akten einsehen zu können, ist die Beantragung der Einsicht erforderlich. Dafür benötigt der Antragsteller
Im Folgenden wird (wie in den Texten der Monatsschrift üblich) in der Regel das generische Maskulinum verwendet; es sind aber jeweils alle Geschlechter gemeint. Dort, wo es angebracht erscheint, wird davon abgewichen.
ein Recht auf Akteneinsicht. Als Forscher ist man eine nicht am Verfahren beteiligte Person und damit Dritter im Sinne des Gesetzes. Bei der Beantragung von Akteneinsicht kann es vielfach zu Schwierigkeiten kommen. Fraglich ist insbesondere, welches die Rechtsgrundlage für ein Akteneinsichtsrecht Dritter ist. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Akteneinsichtsrecht Dritter zu Forschungszwecken bei Verwaltungsgerichtsakten und Akten der Innenministerien. Literatur, die sich auf dieses Recht Dritter bezieht, gibt es bisher kaum. Diese Lücke soll geschlossen werden. Der Beitrag stellt eine praktische Hilfestellung für Forscher auf der einen Seite und für die Gerichte und Ministerien auf der anderen Seite dar.
Tropes and Some Ontological Prerequisites for Knowledge
Authors: Smith R. Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Many have written about trope ontology, but relatively few have considered its implications for some of the ontological conditions needed for us to have knowledge. I explore the resources of trope ontology to meet those conditions. With J. P. Moreland, I argue that, being simple, we can eliminate tropes’ qualitative contents without ontological loss, resulting in bare individuators. Then I extend Moreland’s argument, arguing that tropes undermine some of the needed ontological conditions for knowledge.
Yet, we do know many things, and trope nominalists presuppose that too. Therefore, I consider three counter-arguments, starting with David Lewis’s rebuttal based on appeal to brute facts. Second, I explore Jeffrey Brower’s recent proposal as a possible solution. Last, I consider Robert Garcia’s recent distinction between module and modifier tropes, to see if it can be of assistance. I conclude, however, that trope nominalism cannot preserve some of the needed ontology to have knowledge.
Prednisolone Versus Dexamethasone for Croup: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Parker Colin M. , Cooper Matthew N. 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVES:The use of either prednisolone or low-dose dexamethasone in the treatment of childhood croup lacks a rigorous evidence base despite widespread use. In this study, we compare dexamethasone at 0.6 mg/kg with both low-dose dexamethasone at 0.15 mg/kg and prednisolone at 1 mg/kg.METHODS:Prospective, double-blind, noninferiority randomized controlled trial based in 1 tertiary pediatric emergency department and 1 urban district emergency department in Perth, Western Australia. Inclusions were age &gt;6 months, maximum weight 20 kg, contactable by telephone, and English-speaking caregivers. Exclusion criteria were known prednisolone or dexamethasone allergy, immunosuppressive disease or treatment, steroid therapy or enrollment in the study within the previous 14 days, and a high clinical suspicion of an alternative diagnosis. A total of 1252 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive dexamethasone (0.6 mg/kg; n = 410), low-dose dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg; n = 410), or prednisolone (1 mg/kg; n = 411). Primary outcome measures included Westley Croup Score 1-hour after treatment and unscheduled medical re-attendance during the 7 days after treatment.RESULTS:Mean Westley Croup Score at baseline was 1.4 for dexamethasone, 1.5 for low-dose dexamethasone, and 1.5 for prednisolone. Adjusted difference in scores at 1 hour, compared with dexamethasone, was 0.03 (95% confidence interval −0.09 to 0.15) for low-dose dexamethasone and 0.05 (95% confidence interval −0.07 to 0.17) for prednisolone. Re-attendance rates were 17.8% for dexamethasone, 19.5% for low-dose dexamethasone, and 21.7% for prednisolone (not significant [P = .59 and .19]).CONCLUSIONS:Noninferiority was demonstrated for both low-dose dexamethasone and prednisolone. The type of oral steroid seems to have no clinically significant impact on efficacy, both acutely and during the week after treatment.
Discipleship In the Book of Revelation
Authors: Deans Graham D. S. 
Published: August 2019

This paper examines the terms and conditions of discipleship, which is fundamentally and unmistakably costly. Authentic disciples who faithfully follow the demands of Jesus as specified in the Gospel (Luke 14:27) and put loyalty to the one eternal God above the demands of the state will inevitably encounter opposition and conflict. They may even experience martyrdom; but for those whose uncompromising commitment to their Lord as not merely an “alternate reality” but the ultimate reality to whom all humanity is accountable, the promise is that faithfulness unto death will be rewarded with a crown of life (Rev 2:10).
Comparative evaluation of dural venous sinuses and cerebral veins using contrast-enhanced spoiled gradient recalled echo and time-of-flight magnetic resonance venography
Authors: DENİZ Caglar , GOKCE Erkan , ACU Berat , KUYUCU Yunus Emre 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground/Aims:In the present study, dural venous sinuses and
cerebral veins were examined using 3D SPGR MRV and 2D TOF MRV. These methods
were compared in terms of detectability of venous structures and their
diameters. Methods:A total of 110 patients(66 female and 44 male) who
had contrast-enhanced 3D SPGR MRV and 2D TOF MRV examinations using a 1.5 T MRI
machine in May 2008-June 2011 period were included in the present study.
Diameters of dural venous sinuses and veins were measured at three different
planes at a position 1cm distal to the site they drained into, and average
values were used. Both MRV methods were compared to reveal whether the
diameters calculated were different in age groups and between genders.Results:SSS, bilateral TS’s, right sigmoid sinus, Galen
vein and bilateral ICV’s all could be determined using 3D SPGR MRV. Not all
dural venous sinuses and veins other than right sigmoid sinus could be
visualized in all patients using 2D TOF MRV.There were significant differences
between the two examinations for SSS and ISS, bilateral TS and sigmoid sinuses,
SS, bilateral Labbe and ICV and Galen vein diameters(p&lt;0.05) Diameters of
dural venous sinuses and cortical veins were generally measured larger by 3D
SPGR MRV compared to 2D TOF MRV.Conclusions:In conclusion,
differences could be observed between the two MRV examinations for
detectability and diameters of intracranial venous structures. Evaluation of
intracranial venous structures should not be carried out using only 2D TOF MRV.
PRÁTICAS DE GOVERNO ELETRÔNICO NOS MUNICÍPIOS: UM ESTUDO DA MESORREGIÃO DO SUL E SUDOESTE DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Rodrigues de Souza Paulo Roberto , Curi Maria Aparecida , Nuintin Adriano Antônio 
Published: August 2019

O Governo Eletrônico - eGov pode servir a vários propósitos, desde cumpridor das leis vigentes; promover transparência dos atos e contas públicas; possibilitar participação popular; prestar serviços aos cidadãos através de serviços on-line; sejam eles visando arrecadação ou simples serviços de acompanhamento de processos. Com isso, o desenvolvimento deste estudo justifica-se devido a importância de temas atuais, como a transparência, prestação de contas da gestão dos recursos públicos e os resultados gerados, tendo como instrumento o Governo Eletrônico. Esta pesquisa busca responder a seguinte questão: Como está a prática de Governo Eletrônico nos Municípios da mesorregião Sul e Sudoeste de Minas Gerais? Objetivo geral: Avaliar as práticas de Governo Eletrônico dos Municípios da mesorregião Sul e Sudoeste de Minas Gerais. Objetivos específicos: (i) Descrever as práticas de Governo Eletrônico dos Municípios estudados; e (ii) classificar os Municípios de acordo com o nível de eficiência de práticas de Governo Eletrônico, relacionadas com as Receitas Públicas e o PIB. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa, é evidente o espaço para melhoria das práticas de eGov dos Municípios, ou seja, mais ações por parte dos gestores para a implantação das práticas de eGov. Observa-se que os Municípios estudados com maior Receita Total e PIB per capita, não apresentam melhores práticas de Governo Eletrônico, ou seja, o nível de eficiência evidência que a melhor relação entre os resultados gerados e os recursos disponíveis é influenciada pela gestão da aplicação dos recursos públicos e pela busca de geração de resultados para a sociedade.