bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kedudukan dan Peran Perempuan dalam Perspektif Islam dan Adat Minangkabau
Authors: Ph.D Irawaty , Darojat Zakiya 
Published: January 2019

Kata Kunci: Kedudukan dan peran perempuan, Adat Minangkabau, Perspektif Islam

Abstract
This article aims to analyse positions and roles of Minangkabau women based on their adat and Islam in terms of: 1) inheritance; 2) decision makers in the family; 3) in taking care of children; and 4) in solving problems in the community. By implementing qualitative analysis approach with the method of analyzing QDA data, the results of the study are as follows: 1) women in Islam should be given half of their inheritance from men, whereas in based on adat Minangkabau women could get inheritance from ancestral inheritance and from her parents; 2) in Islam, women could give opinion in deciding matters in the family, while according to adat Minangkabau, decision makers in the family are women; 3) in Islam, the role of a mother is very large in educating their children, whereas according to adat Minangkabau the role of mother is very absolute even the role of father can be said to be almost non-existent; and 4) in Islam it is possible for women to play a role in social politics without forgetting their role in the family, while in the adat Minangkabau Bundo Kanduang acts as an intellectual actor in resolving communities’ issues.
Designing and Assessing Multilevel Interventions to Improve Minority Health and Reduce Health Disparities
Authors: Agurs-Collins Tanya , Persky Susan , Paskett Electra D. , Barkin Shari L. , Meissner Helen I. , Nansel Tonja R. , Arteaga Sonia S. , Zhang Xinzhi , Das Rina , Farhat Tilda 
Published: January 2019

Multilevel interventions can be uniquely effective at addressing minority health and health disparities, but they pose substantial methodological, data analytic, and assessment challenges that must be considered when designing and applying interventions and assessment. To facilitate the adoption of multilevel interventions to reduce health disparities, we outline areas of need in filling existing operational challenges to the design and assessment of multilevel interventions. We discuss areas of development that address overarching constructs inherent in multilevel interventions, with a particular focus on their application to minority health and health disparities. Our approach will prove useful to researchers, as it allows them to integrate information related to health disparities research into the framework of broader constructs with which they are familiar. We urge researchers to prioritize building transdisciplinary teams and the skills needed to overcome the challenges in designing and assessing multilevel interventions, as even small contributions can accelerate progress toward improving minority health and reducing health disparities. To make substantial progress, however, a concerted and strategic effort, including work to advance analytic techniques and measures, is needed.
The Importance of Evaluating Health Disparities Research
Authors: Dye Bruce A. , Duran Deborah G. , Murray David M. , Creswell John W. , Richard Patrick , Farhat Tilda , Breen Nancy , Engelgau Michael M. 
Published: January 2019

Health disparity populations are socially disadvantaged, and the multiple levels of discrimination they often experience mean that their characteristics and attributes differ from those of the mainstream. Programs and policies targeted at reducing health disparities or improving minority health must consider these differences. Despite the importance of evaluating health disparities research to produce high-quality data that can guide decision-making, it is not yet a customary practice. Although health disparities evaluations incorporate the same scientific methods as all evaluations, they have unique components such as population characteristics, sociocultural context, and the lack of health disparity common indicators and metrics that must be considered in every phase of the research. This article describes evaluation strategies grouped into 3 components: formative (needs assessments and process), design and methodology (multilevel designs used in real-world settings), and summative (outcomes, impacts, and cost). Each section will describe the standards for each component, discuss the unique health disparity aspects, and provide strategies from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Metrics and Measures Visioning Workshop (April 2016) to advance the evaluation of health disparities research.
The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework
Authors: Alvidrez Jennifer , Castille Dorothy , Laude-Sharp Maryline , Rosario Adelaida , Tabor Derrick 
Published: January 2019

We introduce the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) research framework, a product that emerged from the NIMHD science visioning process. The NIMHD research framework is a multilevel, multidomain model that depicts a wide array of health determinants relevant to understanding and addressing minority health and health disparities and promoting health equity. We describe the conceptual underpinnings of the framework and define its components. We also describe how the framework can be used to assess minority health and health disparities research as well as priorities for the future. Finally, we describe how fiscal year 2015 research project grants funded by NIMHD map onto the framework, and we identify gaps and opportunities for future minority health and health disparities research.
Advancing Health Services Research to Eliminate Health Care Disparities
Authors: Wasserman Joan , Palmer Richard C. , Gomez Marcia M. , Berzon Rick , Ibrahim Said A. , Ayanian John Z. 
Published: January 2019

Findings from health services research highlight continuing health care disparities in the United States, especially in the areas of access to health care and quality of care. Although attention to health care disparities has increased, considerable knowledge gaps still exist. A better understanding of how cultural, behavioral, and health system factors converge and contribute to unequal access and differential care is needed. Research-informed approaches for reducing health care disparities that are feasible and capable of sustained implementation are needed to inform policymakers. More important, for health equity to be achieved, it is essential to create a health care system that provides access, removes barriers to care, and provides equally effective treatment to all persons living in the United States.
Isolated Treatment of a Comminuted Capitate Fracture
Authors: Johnson David B. , Triplet Jacob J. , Bernhardt Logan , Buchan Daniel R. , Iorio Timothy 
Published: January 2019

Case:
Comminuted fractures of the capitate, in the absence of associated carpal injuries, are exceedingly rare. Treatment of this complex injury is not well-documented in the literature. We describe the case of a comminuted capitate fracture that was successfully managed with Kirschner wire fixation.

Conclusion:
Based on this case and a review of the literature, management of a comminuted capitate fracture with Kirschner wire fixation can lead to successful treatment and positive patient outcomes.
Hematological Profile of Pregnant Women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Mba Chinyelu O. , Jacob Ransom B. , Green Mercy B. , Zebedee Loveday U. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND OR OBJECTIVES:
Pregnant women experience a lot of changes, which often reflect in their hematological indices. The study examines the differences in the hematological profile of pregnant and nonpregnant women in Port Harcourt, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
METHODS:
The subjects were systematically sampled, comprising of 90 pregnant and 90 non-pregnant women, with ages ranging 16 to 45 years. Five milliliters of whole blood was collected from each subject at ambient temperature using standard venepuncture techniques and three milliliters was dispensed in EDTA bottle. T-test was used to compare the mean of the parameters among the pregnant and nonpregnant women. Analysis of variance was used to compare the means for the parameters within the three trimesters. Tukeyâ€™s Post Hoc test was used to identify the trimester pairs that had significant mean difference, Hematological parameters were analyzed using Abacus380 hematological analyzer. The data obtained were coded and analysed using SPSS version 20 and data were considered significant at pâ‰¤0.05.
RESULTS:
Comparison of pregnant women with controls showed that Total White Blood Count TWBC), monocytes, neutrophils, Mean Cell Volume (MCV), and Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH) were significantly increased in pregnancy (p<0.05); while Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and Mean Cell Hemoglobin concentration were significantly decreased (p<0.01). The following hematological parameters showed significant mean variation within the 3 trimesters: MCH (F=3.59, p=0.03) and MCHC (F=16.85, p<0.01). MCHC showed significant difference between first versus second trimesters (p=<0.01) and 1st vs. 3rd trimesters (p=<0.01).
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSLATION
The lower hematocrit and hemoglobin level of pregnant women when compared with the non-pregnant controls implies that there is need for more emphasis on the importance of prenatal vitamin supplementation during the antenatal period, perhaps leveraging prenatal counselling sessions. Proper supplementation may avert anemia in pregnancy, and consequently, the poor birth outcomes.
Key words: Hematological Profile â€¢ Pregnant Women â€¢ Nigeria â€¢ Pregnancy

© 2019 Mba et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The efficacy and safety of desflurane versus sevoflurane in elderly patients during general anaesthesia: a meta-analysis randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Yiping , Deng Ruiming , Zhou Juan , Hu Shifu , Ouyang Aiping 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: The objective of the study was to systematically screen the literature and to identify of the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy and safety of desflurane versus sevoflurane in elderly patients during general anaesthesia.
Methods: Databases including PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched until July 2018 to identify relevant studies. Two authors independently reviewed each study. After literature screening and data extraction, a meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.2 software. Five RCTs, including 324 patients, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis.
Results: Our pooled analysis showed that elderly patients during desflurane general anaesthesia could reduce time taken to open eyes (SMD, -0.63; 95% CI, -1.23 to -0.03; P=0.04), follow commands (SMD, -0.97; 95% CI, -1.76 to -0.19; P=0.01), extubation (SMD, -0.77; 95% CI, -1.35 to -0.19; P=0.009) and orientation (SMD, -1.49; 95% CI, -2.43 to -0.54). However, there was no difference between desflurane and sevoflurane groups with regard to anesthesia time (SMD, -0.10; 95% CI, -0.35 to 0.15; P=0.43) and the length of postanesthetic care unit (PACU) PACU stay (SMD, -4.65; 95% CI, -10.31 to 1; P=0.11).
Conclusions: Our results show that elderly patients during desflurane general anaesthesia offers several potential advantages over anaesthesia in terms of the time to open the eyes, follow commands, extubation and orientation. However both anesthetics appear to be equivalent with regard to the anesthesia time and length of PACU stay.
Keywords: Desflurane, sevoflurane, efficacy, safety, elderly patients, meta-analysis
Study on efficacy and safety of Tong-luo Qu-yu plaster treatment for knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, parallel positive control, multi-center clinical trial
Authors: Xu Bao-ping , Yao Min , Tian Zi-rui , Zhou Long-yun , Yang Long , Li Zhen-jun , Zhu Sen , Wang Xiao-tao , Lan Jia-hui , Wang Yong-jun , Cui Xue-jun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common chronic musculoskeletal disorder that seriously affect quality of life. Patients with KOA frequently develop one or more of the typically following symptoms: joint pain, stiffness, joint friction noise, impaired functionality. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have showed a superior effect and peculiar advantage on the treatment of KOA, among TCMs, the Tong-luo Qu-yu plaster is the convenient and most commonly used method in China to improve symptoms including pain, stiffness and limited mobility in patients with KOA, as it causes few adverse effects. But there is a lack of high quality of clinical evidences to support the therapeutic effect that Chinese adhesive plaster can relieve pain and stiffness. The purpose of this study will be to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tong-luo Qu-yu plaster in patients with KOA.
Methods: This study will be a randomised, double-blind, parallel positive control, multi-center clinical trial. A total of 2000 participants older than 40 years with KOA, will be randomly allocated into a experimental group (n=1500) and a control group (n=500). All participants will receive a conventional conservative treatment lasted for 14 days as two courses, daily 1 time. Tong-luo Qu-yu plaster will be administered externally to participants in the experimental group, while the control group will receive a Qi-zheng Xiao-tong plaster. The outcome of the total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index scores, TCM syndrome quantitative score, visual analog scale scores will be measured during the assessment visits (baseline and 1-, 2-week follow-up). In addition, adverse events concerning clinical symptoms and signs as well as laboratory tests will be documented during clinical trials.
Discussion: This study will be a randomized, double-blind, parallel positive control trial to further evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tong-luo Qu-yu plaster for patients with KOA in nine medical centers compared with control group, it is expected that the patients with KOA will benefit from this study.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03309501. Registered on 08 November 2017.
Keywords: Clinical trials, Knee osteoarthritis, Tong-luo Qu-yu plaster, Randomized, Protocol
Bilateral peripapillary staphyloma: a case report
Authors: Gao Hong-cheng , Wang Meng , Shi Yaoyao , Chen Chen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: The peripapillary staphyloma (PS) is a rare non-hereditary congenital optic disc dysplasia, which is generally unilateral and is likely to occur with poor vision. Fundus uncovered a large deeply excavated optic nerve head, retinal pigment epithelium changes at its edges and normal disc and retinal blood vessels in size and features.
Case presentation: This literature present a bilateral case of an especially congential peripaillary staphyloma (CPS), which the patient with esotropia and nystagmus was exposed to abnormality when she was only 5-month-old. Several interesting features are present in this patient.
Conclusions: Usually they have a large extent on visual loss. Thus, although extreme rare, an early detection, treatment and follow ups are necessary.
Keywords: Staphyloma; optic nerve; congenital
Small Incision Femtosecond Laser-assisted X-ray-irradiated Corneal Intrastromal Xenotransplantation in Rhesus Monkeys: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Jin He , Liu Liangping , Ding Hui , He Miao , Zhang Chi , Zhong Xingwu 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Gamma-ray irradiation could significantly induce widespread apoptosis in corneas and reduced the allogenicity of donor cornea. And the X-rays may have similar biological effects. The feasibility and effects of X-ray-irradiated corneal lamellae have not been assessed yet.

Methods:
Different doses (10 gray unit (Gy), 20 Gy, 50 Gy, 100 Gy) of X-ray irradiated corneal lamellae were collected from SMILE surgery. These corneal lamellae were assessed by physical characterization, hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) staining, Masson’s staining, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), cell viability assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We selected the optimum dose (100Gy) to treat the corneal lamellae to be the grafts. The human grafts and fresh allogeneic monkey corneal lamellae were implanted into rhesus monkeys via the small incision femtosecond laser-assisted surgery, respectively. Clinical examinations and the immunostaining were performed after surgery.

Results:
There were no significant changes in the transparency of the corneal lamellae, but the absorbency of the corneal lamellae was increased. According to the H-E and Masson’s staining results, irradiation had little impact on the corneal collagen. The TUNEL assay and cell viability assay results showed that 100Gy X-ray irradiation resulted in complete apoptosis in the corneal lamellae, which was also confirmed by TEM observations. In the following animal model study, no immune reactions or severe inflammatory responses occurred, and the host corneas maintained transparency for 24 weeks of observation. And the expression of CD4 and CD8 were negative in the all host corneas.

Conclusion:
X-ray irradiated corneal lamellae could serve as a potential material for xenogeneic inlay, and the small incision femtosecond laser-assisted implantation has the potential to become a new corneal transplantation surgical approach.
Hair Care Cosmetics Regulation in Different Countries – A Comparative Study
Authors: Pathak Kamla , Akhtar Nida 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Hair care cosmetics are meant for the purpose of cleansing, modifying,
promoting growth and grooming the hair. These products are designed to provide nourishment and
prevent hair damage; these are mainly comprised of shampoos, conditioners, grooming products,
etc. The products have gained prominent deliberations across the globe due to increasing issues of
hair related problems. As these problems are enhancing at a greater rate, use of hair care cosmetics
should be regulated in order to make them safe and effective to the consumer. However, manufacturers
across the globe are conducting safety analysis to ensure the safety, non- irritating potential
of these products and that the product should not cause any allergic reaction.
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Objective: The review highlights several regulatory as well as clinical aspects of hair cosmetics
that govern the use of hair products worldwide. Laws and regulations followed by various countries
are highlighted. The write up also unfolds clinical and safety aspects of different hair care
products.
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Methods: Regulatory guidelines and clinical reports have been retrieved using sites
www.usfda.gov and www.clinicaltrials.gov, respectively.

Conclusion:
The FDA has recommended that hair care cosmetics should be evaluated for the type
of allergic reactions and the products should not be contaminated. An appropriate antimicrobial
agent must be added in order to prevent any type of microbial contamination. The product&#039;s safety
should be observed in market-place via consumer comments and complaints.
Gaming With Stigma: Analysis of Messages About Mental Illnesses in Video Games
Authors: Ferrari Manuela , McIlwaine Sarah V , Jordan Gerald , Shah Jai L , Lal Shalini , Iyer Srividya N 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundVideo game playing is a daily activity for many youths that replaces other media forms (eg, television); it serves as an important source of knowledge and can potentially impact their attitudes and behaviors. Researchers are, thus, concerned with the impact of video gaming on youth (eg, for promoting prosocial or antisocial behavior). Studies have also begun to explore players’ experience of gameplay and video game messages about violence, sexism, and racism; however, little is known about the impact of commercial video games in the sharing and shaping of knowledge, and messages about mental illness.ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to identify how mental illness, especially psychosis, is portrayed in commercial video games.MethodsWe performed keyword searches on games made available between January 2016 and June 2017 on Steam (a popular personal computer gaming platform). A total of 789 games were identified and reviewed to assess whether their game content was related to mental illness. At the end of the screening phase, a total of 100 games were retained.ResultsWe used a game elements framework (characters, game environment/atmosphere, goals, etc) to describe and unpack messages about mental health and illness in video games. The majority of the games we reviewed (97%, 97/100) portrayed mental illness in negative, misleading, and problematic ways (associating it with violence, fear, insanity, hopelessness, etc). Furthermore, some games portrayed mental illness as manifestations or consequences of supernatural phenomena or paranormal experiences. Mental illness was associated with mystery, the unpredictable, and as an obscure illness; its treatment was also associated with uncertainties, as game characters with mental illness had to undergo experimental treatment to get better. Unfortunately, little or no hope for recovery was present in the identified video games, where mental illness was often presented as an ongoing struggle and an endless battle with the mind and oneself.ConclusionsThe game elements of the identified commercial video games included mental illness, about which many perpetuated well-known stereotypes and prejudices. We discuss the key findings in relation to current evidence on the impact of media portrayals of mental illness and stigma. Furthermore, we reflect on the ability of serious video games to promote alternative messages about mental illness and clinical practices. Future research is needed to investigate the impact that such messages have on players and to explore the role that video games can play in fostering alternative messages to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness.
Who's in Control of the Ark? A Study of Internal Controls in Operating and Auditing A Small Preschool
Authors: Grace Elizabeth V. , Davis Ashley 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
This instructional case encourages analytical thinking about internal controls in both the operations and audit of a small, not-for-profit organization. Students examine a control environment characterized by unauthorized expenditures, lack of documentation, and missing documents. Using the COSO (2013) framework, students demonstrate understanding of business processes as they identify internal control risks and deficiencies, and recommend control improvements. Auditing students additionally apply management assertions about financial transactions and assess auditor independence. Students gain practical experience in developing flowcharts of accounting processes and writing a management letter for a familiar organization: a preschool.