bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auf dem Weg zur verlässlichen und quantitativen SERS‐Spektroskopie: von Schlüsselparametern zur guten analytischen Praxis
Authors: Bell Steven E. J. , Charron Gaëlle , Cortés Emiliano , Kneipp Janina , Lamy de la Chapelle Marc , Langer Judith , Procházka Marek , Tran Vi , Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExperimentelle Resultate, die in verschiedenen Laboren weltweit von Wissenschaftlern mithilfe der oberflächenverstärkten Raman‐Streuung (SERS, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering) erhalten wurden, können beträchtlich voneinander abweichen. Wir, ein internationales Team von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern mit langjähriger SERS‐Expertise, präsentieren hier unsere Sichtweise auf dieses Thema mit Betrachtungen hinsichtlich verlässlichem und quantitativem SERS. Die zentrale Idee dieses Gemeinschaftsunterfangens ist es, auf die oft in der Literatur anzutreffenden Schlüsselparameter und Stolperfallen hinzuweisen. Im Hinblick darauf bieten wir Empfehlungen zu folgenden Themen an: a) die Charakterisierung von festen und kolloidalen SERS‐Substraten durch korrelative Elektronen‐ und optische Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie, b) zur Bestimmung des SERS‐Verstärkungsfaktors (EF, enhancement factor) inklusive geeigneter Raman‐Reporter/Sonden‐Moleküle und schließlich c) zur guten analytischen Praxis. Die Autorinnen und Autoren hoffen, dass sowohl Newcomer als auch Spezialisten von diesen Empfehlungen profitieren, um die Inter‐Labor‐Vergleichbarkeit von experimentellen SERS‐Resultaten zu erhöhen und zur weiteren Etablierung von SERS als einer analytischen Methode beizutragen.
Rapid Activation of Platinum with Black Phosphorus for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Xin , Bai Licheng , Lu Jiang , Zhang Xue , Liu Danni , Yang Huanhuan , Wang Jiahong , Chu Paul K. , Ramakrishna Seeram , Yu Xue‐Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModulation of the electronic structure of metal catalysts is an effective approach to optimize the electrocatalytic activity. Herein, we show a surprisingly strong activation effect of black phosphorus (BP) on platinum (Pt) catalysts to give greatly enhanced catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The unique and negative binding energy between BP and Pt leads to spontaneous formation of Pt‐P bonds producing strong synergistic ligand effects on the Pt nanoparticles. No Pt‐P bonds are formed with red phosphorus which is another allotrope of P. By controlling the number of Pt‐P bonds, 3.5‐fold enhancement in the HER activity can be achieved from the BP‐activated Pt catalyst and the activity is 6.1 times higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C catalyst. The BP‐activated Pt catalyst exhibits a current density of 82.89 mA cm−2 with only 1 μg of Pt in 1 m KOH at an overpotential of 70 mV.
Single Electron Transfer to Diazomethane–Borane Adducts Prompts C−H Bond Activations
Authors: Cao Levy L. , Zhou Jiliang , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile (Ph2CN2)B(C6F5)3 is unstable, single electron transfer from Cp*2Co affords the isolation of stable products [Cp*2Co][Ph2CNNHB(C6F5)3] 1 and [Cp*Co(C5Me4CH2B(C6F5)3)] 2. The analogous combination of Ph2CN2 and BPh3 showed no evidence of adduct formation and yet single electron transfer from Cp*2Cr affords the species [Cp*2Cr][PhC(C6H4)NNBPh3] 3 and [Cp*2Cr][Ph2CNNHBPh3] 4. Computations showed both reactions proceed via transient radical anions of the diphenyldiazomethane–borane adducts to effect C−H bond activations.
Performance Evaluation and Biodegradation Study of Polyvinyl Chloride Films with Castor Oil‐based Plasticizer
Authors: Mukherjee Sohini , Ghosh Mahua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the present study, a renewable resource‐based plasticizer was synthesized by the lipase‐catalyzed esterification reaction of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and castor oil fatty acid (COFA). The resultant ester (FA‐COFA ester) was used as secondary plasticizers to the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films. The PVC films were formulated using the combination of a conventional plasticizer di‐butyl phthalate (DBP) and FA‐COFA ester as a secondary plasticizer at different concentrations. Films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical performance, and migration stability. A biodegradability study of the PVC films showed increased degradability with increasing concentration of the FA‐COFA ester in the PVC film. The study showed that ester of FA and COFA could be a substitute of DBP by as much as 80% of the total plasticizer with improved elongation and tensile properties, and such a kind of sustainable resource‐based PVC blend films could be used as a good packaging material with biodegradable property.
Planung und Herstellung des Stahlüberbaus der Hochmoselbrücke
Authors: Klähne Thomas , Kubieniec Gabriel , Owusu‐Yeboah Mike , Heiland Uwe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDie Hochmoselbrücke ist mit einer Bauhöhe über der Mosel von ca. 160 m, einer Gesamtlänge von ca. 1702 m und einer max. Einzelstützweite von ca. 210 m eine Großbrücke, die an die Planung und Bauausführung besondere Anforderungen stellte. Neben einer Reihe im normalen Großbrückenbau nicht üblicher technischer Fragestellungen war der komplizierte Einschubvorgang mit einer in Europa noch nicht überwundenen Einzelstützweite von ca. 210 m als freier Kragarm in technischer Hinsicht zu bewältigen.Während der Detailanalyse zeigte sich, dass für die Dimensionierung des Tragwerks im Wesentlichen die Bauzustände bemessungsmaßgebend wurden. Nur durch eine streng strukturierte Vorgehensweise in der Planung war eine wirtschaftliche Dimensionierung des Tragwerks unter den vorgegebenen Randbedingungen in einer knapp vorgegebenen Zeitspanne zu realisieren.Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird über grundsätzliche Besonderheiten der Planung und Bauausführung berichtet.
Spezifikation und Bestellung von Stahl für den Stahlbau
Authors: Lehnert Tobias , Gola Jessica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractZu den wichtigsten Anforderungen im modernen Stahlbau zählen derzeit Kosteneffizienz, Qualität und Nachhaltigkeit. Diese Ansprüche stellen sowohl Planer, Ingenieure als auch Fertiger im Planungsprozess bei der Suche nach der optimalen Lösung vor große Herausforderungen. Moderne Stahlgüten, wie thermomechanisch gewalzte Stähle (TM‐Stähle), höherfeste Stähle und wetterfeste Baustähle, haben in den letzten Jahren in vielfältiger Weise bewiesen, dass sie durch ihren Einsatz sowohl wirtschaftliches, schnelles Bauen als auch einen verantwortungsbewussten Umgang mit natürlichen Ressourcen fördern können.Um diese vielfältigen neuen Möglichkeiten im modernen Stahlbau nutzen zu können, sind Kenntnisse über den Werkstoff Baustahl und die wesentlichen im bauaufsichtlichen Bereich zu beachtenden Normen und deren Neuerungen erforderlich, z. B. für die richtige Materialbestellung. Häufig sind neben den reinen Werkstoffnormen zusätzlich Anwendungsregelwerke des Stahlbaus mit über die Grunddefinition der Stähle hinausgehenden Anforderungen entscheidend. Die Bestellung einer Stahlsorte für die Anwendung in einem Bauwerk setzt damit die Kenntnis der Regelwerke voraus, die für die Bemessung, Konstruktion und Ausführung des Bauwerks von Bedeutung sein könnten.Der folgende Beitrag soll helfen, die wichtigsten Änderungen in der neuen EN 10025 und die wesentlichen Regelwerke in einem Überblick kennenzulernen. Es wird darauf eingegangen, wie wichtig es ist, das mitgeltende Konstruktions‐ und Verarbeitungsregelwerk bei der Stahlbestellung zu berücksichtigen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt wird in diesem Artikel auf die TM‐Stahlsorten gelegt. Die Anwendung dieser Stähle in Deutschland nimmt stetig zu, wie das Beispiel der Hochmoselbrücke zeigt.
Reversible lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum
Authors: Tetsuka Syuichi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAim of ReviewThe presence of isolated, reversible lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) is essential to confirm the diagnosis of mild encephalitis/encephalopathy. The lesions usually heal within a month after the onset of neurological symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increasingly been used as a diagnostic tool, which has led to the publication of an increasing number of case reports. These have highlighted some inconsistencies about encephalitis/encephalopathy. First, the condition is not always mild and may be severe. Second, reversible lesions in the SCC have been identified in various diseases and conditions other than viral encephalitis/encephalopathy. Third, lesions in SCC are not always completely reversible. On this note, this review describes the specific clinical and radiological features of encephalitis/encephalopathy.FindingsThe reversible lesion in SCC is an MRI finding observable in a wide variety of diseases and conditions. Thus, it should be considered as a secondary change rather than a peculiar feature associated with mild encephalitis/encephalopathy. If reversible lesions are present in the SCC, the symptoms and prognosis are not necessarily favorable, with manifestations of encephalitis/encephalopathy varying from absent to severe. Neuroradiological features that appear as isolated high‐intensity signals on diffusion‐weighted images and a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient of the lesion might indicate a diagnosis of cytotoxic edema. Findings of previous studies suggest that cytokine‐mediated cytotoxic edema of the SCC may be an important pathophysiological manifestation of this condition.ConclusionThe reversible lesions in the SCC found on MRI are not exclusive to encephalitis/encephalopathy but may be secondary to other disorders.
Clinical significance of radiotherapy before and/or during nivolumab treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yu Jeong Il , Lee Su Jin , Lee Jeeyun , Lim Ho Yeong , Paik Seung Woon , Yoo Gyu Sang , Choi Changhoon , Park Hee Chul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of previous and/or concurrent application of radiotherapy (RT) in the course of nivolumab treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsPatients with advanced HCC who received nivolumab treatment between March 2017 and May 2018. were included. Nivolumab treatment was indicated in patients who did not respond to conventional therapy including locoregional therapy and/or sorafenib. RT was performed when necessary for curative/palliative purpose.ResultsAmong the 76 HCC patients who received nivolumab, 54 (71.1%) had received RT for HCC before and/or during the treatment. The period from initial HCC diagnosis to nivolumab treatment was significantly longer (P = .007) and the rate of undergoing transarterial chemoembolization (TACE; P = .006) and sorafenib treatment (P = .007) was significantly higher in patients who received previous/concurrent RT than in those who did not. Nivolumab‐related toxicities were generally tolerable regardless of the history of RT. During the follow‐up, 39 (51.3%) patients died and 54 (71.1%) patients experienced disease progression according to the RECIST v1.1. Patients who had received previous/concurrent RT had a significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS; P = .008) and overall survival (OS; P = .007) than those who did not receive RT; however, this trend was not observed in patients with a history of radiofrequency ablation or TACE (all P > .05).ConclusionPrevious and/or concurrent application of RT in the course of nivolumab treatment was related with longer PFS and OS in advanced HCC patients. Nonetheless, further clinical studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
CF3‐Pyridinyl Substitution on Antimalarial Therapeutics: Probing Differential Ligand Binding and Dynamical Inhibitory Effects of a Novel Triazolopyrimidine‐Based Inhibitor on Plasmodium falciparum Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Agoni Clement , Salifu Elliasu Y. , Munsamy Geraldene , Olotu Fisayo A. , Soliman Mahmoud 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe quest for reliable dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitors has engendered the discovery of potential therapeutic compounds at different stages of clinical trials. Although promising, high attrition rates and unfavorable bioactivities have limited their drug developmental progress. A recent structural modification of DSM265, a triazolopyrimidine‐based inhibitor, yielded DSM421, derived by the substitution of the SF5‐aniline group on DSM265 with a CF3‐pyridinyl moiety. Consequently, DSM421 exhibited improved pharmacological and pharmacokinetics attributes relative to DSM265. The improved bioactivity mediated by the CF3‐pyridinyl group leaves us with a curiosity to investigate underlying ligand‐binding mechanisms and dynamics using computational methods. Presented in this study are insights that clearly explain the effects of structural SF5‐aniline→CF3‐pyridinyl modifications on pfDHODH inhibition. Findings showed that the CF3‐pyridinyl group induced an optimal and stabilized positioning of DSM421 within the binding pocket, allowing for steady and strong intermolecular interactions which favored its stronger binding affinity as estimated and correlated with bioactivity data. These interactions consequently induced a pronounced stabilization of the structural conformation of pfDHODH by restricting residue motions, which possibly underpinned its enhanced inhibitory activity relative to DSM265. Active site interactions of the CF3‐pyrinidyl group with residues Ser236, Ile237, and Phe188 characterized by strong π–π stacking and halogen interactions also stabilized its positioning which altogether accounted for its enhanced inhibitory prowess towards pfDHODH. On the contrary, fewer and weaker interactions characterized DSM265 binding which could explain its relatively lower binding affinity. Findings will facilitate the design of novel pfDHODH inhibitors with enhanced properties.
Sporadic renal hemangioblastoma: A case report of a rare benign renal tumor
Authors: Oberhammer Lukas , Mitterberger Michael Josef , Lusuardi Lukas , Kunit Thomas , Drerup Martin , Colleselli Daniela , Griessner Hubert , Hager Martina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn renal tumors, suspicious for renal cell carcinoma, where there is any doubt and discrepancy between morphology and immune profile, we recommend performing further immunohistochemical staining for pan‐cytokeratin, S100, NSE, and inhibin‐alpha. Thus, follow‐up overtreatment can be avoided in cases of benign kidney tumors.
Atomic Insights of Iron Doping in Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets for Enhanced Oxygen Catalysis to Boost Broad Temperature Workable Zinc−Air Batteries
Authors: Yang Rui , An Li , Zhang Yu , Zhang Nan , Dai Tengyuan , Xi Pinxian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExploring robust and low‐cost bifunctional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is of great importance for zinc−air batteries (ZABs). Here, we report a controllable Fe‐doping strategy to promote OER/ORR catalytic performance of Ni(OH)2. The results reveal that Ni1‐xFex (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25) hydroxide nanosheets (NSs) display a volcano‐like OER performance, with Ni0.8Fe0.2 NSs being the most optimal OER catalyst, showing an overpotential of 250 mV at 20 mA cm−2 and excellent stability in 1 M KOH. Compared with pristine Ni(OH)2 NSs, the enhanced OER/ORR performance of Ni0.8Fe0.2 NSs can be attributed to the much more exposed edge sites and oxygen vacancies. Importantly, the rechargeable ZABs built by Ni0.8Fe0.2 NSs can offer excellent charge‐discharge cycling stability not only under 25 °C, but also both the low temperature (−10 °C) and high temperature (40 °C). The work provide a new way to design highly efficient air‐electrode catalysts with broad working temperature.
Identifying Nanoscale Pinhole Defects in Nitroaryl Layers with Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy
Authors: Payne Nicholas A. , Mauzeroll Janine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe are reporting the application of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy to probe and identify nanometric defects in a multilayered aryl film formed by aryldiazonium reduction. We have determined by numerical simulation that, due to pipette geometry restrictions, the best sensitivity towards pinhole size can be obtained when measuring small pinholes (≤10 nm) with moderately large pipette sizes (ca. 500 nm).
Tungsten‐Doped CoP Nanoneedle Arrays Grown on Carbon Cloth as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ren Zhiguo , Ren Xiaochuan , Zhang Liao , Fu Cehuang , Li Xiaofang , Zhang Yingxi , Gao Biao , Yang Lijun , Chu Paul K. , Huo Kaifu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe development of efficient and inexpensive bifunctional electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are highly desirable but challenging. Herein, we report the design and preparation of tungsten‐doped cobalt phosphide nanoneedle arrays on conductive carbon cloth (W−CoP/CC) as highly efficient and stable HER and OER electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. The nanoneedle array provides enriched active sites and facilitates ion diffusion and the 3D conductive CC skeleton enables fast charge transport. Moreover, tungsten doping improves the water adsorption ability, optimizes the hydrogen adsorption energy, and increases the electrochemical active surface area thereby resulting in much improved HER and OER catalytic activity. The W−CoP/CC composite shows low overpotentials of 32 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte for HER and 77 and 252 mV in 1 M KOH solution for HER and OER, respectively, outperforming most previously reported metal phosphide electrocatalysts. The electrolyzer for overall water splitting with W−CoP/CC as both the anode and cathode achieves a stable current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.59 V with no obvious voltage change even after operation for 20 h. The results provide a new strategy to design and prepare high‐performance non‐noble metal phosphides for overall water splitting.
Retracted: Synthesis of 2‐Arylisoindoline Derivatives Catalyzed by Reusable 1,2,4‐Triazole Iridium on Mesoporous Silica through a Cascade Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy
Authors: Yao Wei , Ge Chenyang , Zhang Yilin , Xia Xiao‐Feng , Wang Long , Wang Dawei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCovalent attachment of a 1,2,4‐triazole iridium complex to mesoporous MCM‐41 generated a heterogeneous catalyst that was found to be effective in the synthesis of 2‐aryl isoindolines, quinolines, cyclic amines, and symmetrical secondary amines through a cascade borrowing hydrogen strategy. Interestingly, the supported heterogeneous iridium catalyst prepared from the 1,2,4‐triazole iridium complex and mesoporous MCM‐41 exhibited high catalytic activity in the preparation of 2‐aryl isoindoline derivatives and symmetrical secondary amines. The catalyst system is highly recyclable for at least five times. Besides the important effect of the triazole, iridium sites grafted on siliceous supports can act as multifunctional catalytic centers and thus greatly enhance the catalytic activity of the catalysts. Furthermore, mechanistic experiments revealed that the reaction is initiated by an initial alcohol dehydrogenation and promoted by an iridium hydride intermediate. Importantly, the direct detection of a diagnostic iridium hydride signal confirmed that the synthesis of 2‐aryl isoindolines occurs by a borrowing hydrogen process. This work provides an efficient example of isoindolines synthesis through a borrowing hydrogen strategy.
Age‐specific 3‐year cumulative risk of cervical cancer and high‐grade dysplasia on biopsy in 9434 women who underwent HPV cytology cotesting
Authors: Ge Yimin , Christensen Paul A. , Luna Eric , Armylagos Donna , Xu Jiaqiong , Hsu Jim W. , Zhou Haijun , Schwartz Mary R. , Mody Dina R. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundHigh‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV)–Papanicolaou (Pap) cotesting is recommended for cervical cancer screening in women aged ≥30 years. The current study analyzed the effectiveness of cotesting on risk management in different age groups.MethodsA retrospective review of a 5‐year cytology database identified 9434 women with HPV‐Pap cotesting and follow‐up cervical biopsy. The 3‐year cumulative risk of developing high‐grade cervical lesions (≥high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [HSIL]) was analyzed using age stratification.ResultsThe 3‐year cumulative risk of developing ≥HSIL was found to be significantly different in women with baseline cotesting HPV‐positive and Pap‐positive results (HPV+/Pap+; defined as ≥atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance), HPV+ and Pap‐negative results, and HPV‐negative and Pap+ results at 19.2%, 7.9%, and 3.1%, respectively (P < .001). The risk of ≥HSIL peaked at ages 30 to 39 years and significantly decreased at ages 50 to 59 years (16.6% vs 6.7%; P < .001). Women aged <30 years shared a high risk similar to that of women aged 30 to 39 years (17.3% vs 16.6%; P = .52), and risk stratification by cotesting was found to be equally effective in the younger age group (HPV+ and Pap+: 19.6%; HPV+ and Pap‐negative: 7.2%; and HPV‐negative and Pap+: 4.4% [P < .001]).ConclusionsHigh‐risk HPV–Pap cotesting appears to be extremely sensitive for the prediction of the risk of developing ≥HSIL and is an effective tool for risk stratification. In the current study, the 3‐year cumulative risk of developing ≥HSIL varied significantly with age, with the highest risk noted among women aged <40 years and the lowest risk observed in women aged 50 to 59 years. Pap testing significantly impacted risk stratification in the HPV+ positive group, especially in women aged <60 years. Women aged <30 years were found to have a risk profile and cotesting efficacy similar to those of women aged 30 to 39 years. Modification of the current recommendation to offer cotesting to women aged ≥30 years might be considered to include those patients aged <30 years.
A Guide to Brighter Phosphors‐Linking Luminescence Properties to Doping Homogeneity Probed by NMR
Authors: Li Wenyu , Adlung Matthias , Zhang Qianyun , Wickleder Claudia , Schmedt auf der Günne Jörn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCrystalline powders of Ln3+ doped LaPO4 (Ln=Nd, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) have been synthesized to serve in a case study for linking doping homogeneity as determined by NMR to luminescent properties. Samples obtained via different synthesis methods act as examples of homo‐ and inhomogeneous doping. The sample quality was verified by X‐ray diffraction. The homogeneously doped samples show improved luminescent properties in terms of brightness and lifetime which is consistent with the interpretation that, NMR visibility curves probe the distribution of paramagnetic dopants on a similar length scale as necessary for an efficient energy transfer in crystalline phosphors i. e. between sensitizers and activators, and to killer sites. Thus “NMR homogeneity” as observed by visibility curves may serve as a tool to optimize luminescent materials.