bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐Long Lifetimes of Single Quantum Emitters in Monolayer WSe2/hBN Heterostructures
Authors: Dass Chandriker Kavir , Khan Mahtab A. , Clark Genevieve , Simon Jeffrey A. , Gibson Ricky , Mou Shin , Xu Xiaodong , Leuenberger Michael N. , Hendrickson Joshua R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHere, ultra‐long lifetimes of defect‐trapped single quantum emitters (SQEs) in monolayer WSe2/hBN heterostructures are reported. The lifetimes of these SQEs are approximately 225 ns, more than two orders of magnitude larger than what has been previously reported for defect‐trapped excitons in WSe2. These SQEs consist of co‐linearly polarized doublet peaks with a fine structure splitting of 0.45 meV. Second‐order correlation measurements show antibunched single‐photon emission with a g(2)(0) value of ≈0.13. Through numerical analysis and modeling, it is shown how such long‐lifetime single emitters can arise from bright and dark exciton coupling in antisite defects on the W sites. Additionally, high‐quality single‐photon emission over a wide range of lifetimes—from 2 ns to over 200 ns—is also reported, suggesting a variety of other possible defect structures present. The flexibility to generate high fidelity single‐photon emission, over a wide range of lifetimes in a single material system, has potential in many optical quantum computing applications from high‐bit‐rate single‐photon sources to quantum memory devices.
Surface‐Modification‐Assisted Construction of Hierarchical Double‐Walled MnO2 Hollow Nanofibers for High‐Performance Supercapacitor Electrode
Authors: Lu Wei , Xing Yan , Ji Bai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo achieve effective energy conversion and storage device, a new type of electrode material with stable structure and large surface area is highly desirable. In this paper, a facile route was reported to synthesize hierarchical double‐walled MnO2 hollow nanofibers (MHNFs). Amine‐functionalized SiO2 hollow nanofibers were prepared as a template to adsorb the anionic MnO4−. After hydrothermal treatment, NH2‐SiO2@MnO2 hollow nanofibers were formed. Then by etching SiO2 with HF, the MHNFs were obtained. The as‐synthesized MHNFs were directly used as supercapacitor electrode, which achieved a specific capacitance value of 222.4 F g−1, as well as superior cycling capability (94% after 5000 cycles). The MHNFs and activated carborn were employed to assemble an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) in 1 M Na2SO4 solution. The device showed the highest energy density of 29.3 W h kg‐1 at 90 W kg‐1 and the highest power density of 7200 W kg‐1 at 7.2 W h kg‐1 within the voltage window of 0–1.8 V. These results make the as‐fabricated MHNFs a suitable electrode material for high efficient electrochemical supercapacitor.
A Targeting Membrane Injury Strategy via Calcification for the Inhibition of Leukemia Cells
Authors: Zhu Lin , Wang Ge , Ma Xiaoming , Yang Huayan , Guo Yuming , Yang Lin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerein, a novel strategy was developed to inhibit leukemia cells via in situ calcification of biocompatible calcium phosphate targeting at cell membrane. Folic acid is selected as the adaptor of exogenous calcium/phosphate and leukemia cell membrane to induce in situ biomineralization and generate calcium phosphate on the membrane of leukemia cells. Our results demonstrate that the generated calcium phosphate coat significantly inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cells with the inhibition rate of 85%. Mechanistic studies indicate that the in situ calcification disrupts the integrity of cell membrane, increases the LDH leakage, damages the glycolysis ability, and induces the apoptosis. As such, the calcification strategy reported herein may be a potential leukemia therapy without the obvious side effect associated with standard chemotherapeutic drugs.
Polymer Brushes on Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Sheng Wenbo , Amin Ihsan , Neumann Christof , Dong Renhao , Zhang Tao , Wegener Erik , Chen Wei‐Liang , Förster Paul , Tran Hai Quang , Löffler Markus , Winter Andreas , Rodriguez Raul D. , Zschech Ehrenfried , Ober Christopher K. , Feng Xinliang , Turchanin Andrey , Jordan Rainer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDirect covalent functionalization of large‐area single‐layer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) with various polymer brushes under mild conditions is presented. The photopolymerization of vinyl monomers results in the formation of thick and homogeneous (micropatterned, gradient) polymer brushes covalently bound to hBN. The brush layer mechanically and chemically stabilizes the material and allows facile handling as well as long‐term use in water splitting hydrogen evolution reactions.
Synthesis of Bimetallic Conductive 2D Metal–Organic Framework (CoxNiy‐CAT) and Its Mass Production: Enhanced Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Activity
Authors: Yoon Hajin , Lee Sujeong , Oh Sojin , Park Heejun , Choi Sora , Oh Moonhyun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development of new electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxygen reduction to replace expensive and rare platinum‐based catalysts is an important issue in energy storage and conversion research. In this context, conductive and porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered promising materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to not only their high surface area and well‐developed pores but also versatile structural features and chemical compositions. Herein, the preparation of bimetallic conductive 2D MOFs (CoxNiy‐CATs) are reported for use as catalysts in the ORR. The ratio of the two metal ions (Co2+ and Ni2+) in the bimetallic CoxNiy‐CATs is rationally controlled to determine the optimal composition of CoxNiy‐CAT for efficient performance in the ORR. Indeed, bimetallic MOFs display enhanced ORR activity compared to their monometallic counterparts (Co‐CAT or Ni‐CAT). During the ORR, bimetallic CoxNiy‐CATs retain an advantageous characteristic of Co‐CAT in relation to its high diffusion‐limiting current density, as well as a key advantage of Ni‐CAT in relation to its high onset potential. Moreover, the ORR‐active bimetallic CoxNiy‐CAT with excellent ORR activity is prepared at a large scale via a convenient method using a ball‐mill reactor.
CRISPR-Knockout Screen Identifies Dmap1 as a Regulator of Chemically Induced Reprogramming and Differentiation of Cardiac Progenitors
Authors: Yu Jason S. L. , Palano Giorgia , Lim Cindy , Moggio Aldo , Drowley Lauren , Plowright Alleyn T. , Bohlooly-Y Mohammad , Rosen Barry S. , Hansson Emil M. , Wang Qing-Dong , Yusa Kosuke 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Direct in vivo reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts into myocytes is an attractive therapeutic intervention in resolving myogenic deterioration. Current transgene-dependent approaches can restore cardiac function, but dependence on retroviral delivery and persistent retention of transgenic sequences are significant therapeutic hurdles. Chemical reprogramming has been established as a legitimate method to generate functional cell types, including those of the cardiac lineage. Here, we have extended this approach to generate progenitor cells that can differentiate into endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes using a single inhibitor protocol. Depletion of terminally differentiated cells and enrichment for proliferative cells result in a second expandable progenitor population that can robustly give rise to myofibroblasts and smooth muscle. Deployment of a genome-wide knockout screen with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-guide RNA library to identify novel mediators that regulate the reprogramming revealed the involvement of DNA methyltransferase 1-associated protein 1 (Dmap1). Loss of Dmap1 reduced promoter methylation, increased the expression of Nkx2-5, and enhanced the retention of self-renewal, although further differentiation is inhibited because of the sustained expression of Cdh1. Our results hence establish Dmap1 as a modulator of cardiac reprogramming and myocytic induction. Stem Cells 2019;37:958–972
First‐Principles Study of Na‐Ion Battery Performance and Reaction Mechanism of Tin Sulfide as Negative Electrode
Authors: Kotaka Hiroki , Momida Hiroyoshi , Kitajou Ayuko , Okada Shigeto , Oguchi Tamio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe study the Na‐ion battery characteristics of SnS as a negative electrode by first‐principles calculations. From energy analyses, we clarify the discharge reaction process of the Na/SnS half‐cell system. We show a phase diagram of Na−Sn−S ternary systems by constructing convex‐hull curves, and show a possible reaction route considering intermediate products in discharge reactions. Voltage‐capacity curves are calculated based on the Na−SnS reaction path that is obtained from the ternary phase diagram. It is found that the conversion reactions and subsequently the alloying reactions proceed in the SnS electrode, contributing to its high capacity compared with the metallic Sn electrode, in which only the alloying reactions progresses stepwise. To verify the calculated reaction process, x‐ray absorption spectra (XAS) are calculated and compared with experimental XAS at S K‐edge, showing meaningful XAS changes associated with Na2S and SnS in discharged and charged states, respectively.
On considering climate resilience in urban water security: A review of the vulnerability of the urban poor in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Grasham Catherine F. , Korzenevica Marina , Charles Katrina J. 
Published: April 2019

Climate shock‐related water insecurity has a significant impact on poverty, and vice versa, with poor people adversely impacted by different hazards. Many studies have focused on rural communities resulting in a lack of evidence on the vulnerability of urban dwellers. In this review, we explore the literature on the vulnerability of the urban poor to floods, droughts, and cholera in Sub‐Saharan Africa. We particularly highlight the structural challenges and systemic inequalities that are increasing the vulnerability of the urban poor including the differential experiences of women and children. We conclude that poor people have: unequal opportunities to cope with shocks, being deprived from access to water services that wealthier households have; their needs are inequitably ignored; and cumulative vulnerability that reverberates climate shocks into smaller consequences that can have dramatic effects. Therefore, the pathways out of poverty are limited for the urban poor. This is not only due to factors of political economy such as the location and construction materials of houses, but also legacies of discrimination and their reproduction. Individual vulnerabilities are frequently increased due to the roles and responsibilities assigned to people of particular genders and/or ages. We find that these differential vulnerabilities are crucial yet poorly researched. There is also a lack of evidence for the manifold effects of drought on the urban poor. Building on the urban climate resilience literature we argue that policy makers and practitioners must consider who water security is for.This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water
Human Water > Water Governance
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Projecting biological impacts from climate change like a climate scientist
Authors: Urban Mark C. 
Published: April 2019

Our ability to project changes to the climate via anthropogenic forcing has steadily increased over the last five decades. Yet, biologists still lack accurate projections about climate change impacts. Despite recent advances, biologists still often rely on correlative approaches to make projections, ignore important mechanisms, develop models with limited coordination, and lack much of the data to inform projections and test them. In contrast, atmospheric scientists have incorporated mechanistic data, established a global network of weather stations, and apply multi‐model inference by comparing divergent model projections. I address the following questions: How have the two fields developed through time? To what degree does biological projection differ from climate projection? What is needed to make similar progress in biological projection? Although the challenges in biodiversity projections are great, I highlight how biology can make substantial progress in the coming years. Most obstacles are surmountable and relate to history, lag times, scientific culture, international organization, and finances. Just as climate change projections have improved, biological modeling can improve in accuracy by incorporating mechanistic understanding, employing multi‐model ensemble approaches, coordinating efforts worldwide, and validating projections against records from a well‐designed network of biotic stations. Now that climate scientists can make better projections of climate change, biologists need to project and prevent its impacts on biodiversity.This article is categorized under:
Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Modeling Species and Community Interactions
A Note on the Effect of Religiosity on Fertility
Authors: Herzer Dierk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVery few studies have examined the effect of religiosity on fertility at the macro level. This note extends these studies by using a larger data set and more advanced econometric techniques. In addition, this note estimates the macro-level effect of religiosity on fertility both for a total sample of 25 Christian countries between 1925 and 2000 and for three subsamples: Catholic, Protestant, and mixed Catholic-Protestant countries. Results show that religiosity, in general, has a positive long-run effect on fertility. However, this effect is not significant for Catholic countries.
Prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia induces oxidative stress and accelerates ‘aging’ of mammalian neuromuscular synapses
Authors: Khuzakhmetova Venera , Yakovleva Olga , Dmitrieva Svetlana , Khaertdinov Nail , Ziyatdinova Guzel , Giniatullin Rashid , Yakovlev Aleksey , Bukharaeva Ellya , Sitdikova Guzel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnhanced levels of homocysteine during pregnancy induce oxidative stress and contribute to many age‐related diseases. In this study, we analyzed age‐dependent synaptic modifications in developing neuromuscular synapses of rats with prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (hHCY). One of the main findings indicate that the intensity and the timing of transmitter release in synapses of neonatal (P6 and P10) hHCY rats acquired features of matured synaptic transmission of adult rats. The amplitude and frequency of miniature end‐plate currents (MEPCs) and evoked transmitter release were higher in neonatal hHCY animals compared to the control group. Analysis of the kinetics of neurotransmitter release demonstrated more synchronized release in neonatal rats with hHCY. At the same time lower release probability was observed in adults with hHCY. Spontaneous transmitter release in neonates with hHCY was inhibited by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) whereas in controls this oxidant was effective only in adult animals indicating a higher susceptibility of motor nerve terminals to oxidative stress. The morphology and the intensity of endocytosis of synaptic vesicles in motor nerve endings was assessed using the fluorescence dye FM 1‐43. Adult‐like synapses were found in neonates with hHCY which were characterized by a larger area of presynaptic terminals compared to controls. No difference in the intensity of FM 1‐43 fluorescence was observed between two groups of animals. Prenatal hHCY resulted in reduced muscle strength assessed by the Paw Grip Endurance test. Using biochemical assays we found an increased level of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation products in the diaphragm muscles of hHCY rats. This was associated with a lowered activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Our data indicate that prenatal hHCY induces oxidative stress and apparent faster functional and morphological “maturation” of motor synapses. Our results uncover synaptic mechanisms of disrupted muscle function observed in hHCY conditions which may contribute to the pathogenesis of motor neuronal diseases associated with enhanced level of homocysteine.
No synergistic effect of subtherapeutic doses of donepezil and EVP‐6124 in healthy elderly subjects in a scopolamine challenge model
Authors: Baakman Anne Catrien , Alvarez‐Jimenez Ricardo , Loewen Gordon , de Kam Marieke L. , Broekhuizen Karen , Hilt Dana C. , Groeneveld Geert Jan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionDonepezil is a widely used cholinesterase inhibitor in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Despite large‐scaled evidence for its efficacy, elevated peripheral ACh levels often lead to side effects and are dose limiting. The present exploratory study is designed to determine the potentiation of the effects of donepezil by cotreatment with EVP‐6124, an alpha‐7 nicotinic agonist, to reduce scopolamine‐induced cognitive deficits in healthy elderly subjects. Secondary objectives are to explore safety and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics effects of EVP‐6124 alone and in combination with donepezil compared to placebo.MethodsA phase I randomized, single‐center, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, five‐way, partial crossover study was performed with donepezil 2.5, 5 mg or placebo combined with EVP‐6124 0.3, 1, 2, 4 mg or placebo in three cohorts of healthy elderly subjects in a scopolamine (0.3 mg i.v.) challenge test. Safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamics outcomes were assessed.ResultsA total of 36 subjects completed the study. Donepezil pharmacokinetic parameters were similar with and without EVP‐6124. Effective dose combinations were donepezil/EVP‐6124(5/2 mg) and donepezil/EVP‐6124 (5/0.3 mg) and showed improvements of the delayed recall of the Visual Verbal Learning Test (1.2; CI = 0.1–2.3) and reaction time during the two‐back condition of the N‐back (−42; CI = −77, −8), respectively. Overall, no marked reversal of scopolamine effects was observed.DiscussionThis study shows no synergistic effect of subtherapeutic doses of donepezil and EVP‐6124 in a scopolamine challenge model in healthy elderly subjects. Dosing of scopolamine and the combination of donepezil and EVP‐6124 requires further study.
The Proper Work of the Intellect
Authors: TREANOR NICK 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is a familiar teleological picture of epistemic normativity on which it is grounded in the goal or good of belief, which is taken in turn to be the acquisition of truth and the avoidance of error. There is also a widespread platitude to the effect that this is at heart two distinct goals in tension with one another. The teleological picture faces numerous challenges, but one of the most interesting is an argument that rests on this platitude. This paper looks more closely at the standard way of understanding the truth goal, drawing out its explicit and implicit features. The aim will be to show that the standard way the truth goal is understood is deeply mistaken, to propose and defend an alternative model, and to show how this alternative model restores the unity of the goal and its potential to ground and explain the normative dimensions of belief.
The Natures of Moral Acts
Authors: KASPAR DAVID 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNormative ethics asks: What makes right acts right? W. D. Ross attempted to answer this question inThe Right and the Good(1930). Most theorists have agreed that Ross provided no systematic explanatory answers. Ross's intuitionism lacks any decision procedure, and, as McNaughton (2002: 91) states, it ‘turns out after all to have nothing general to say about the relative stringency of our basic duties’. Here I will show that my own Rossian intuitionism does have a systematic way of explaining what makes right acts right. Deontological theories have struggled to say what internal to acts could make them right. From Price to Ross, the striking but uninformative answer has beenthe natureof the act. In this paper I will provide a Rossian theory of the moral natures of acts. It contains a set of self-evident principles of moral stringency and other considerations that can assist agents in deciding what prima facie duty overrides what.
Early Jurassic protobranch bivalves from Chubut, Argentina
Authors: Damborenea Susana E. , Pagani María Alejandra 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKnowledge on Early Jurassic marine fossil invertebrates from Argentina is very uneven. Particularly, faunas from Chubut Province received less attention and were thought to be poorer than those from the Neuquén Basin. Nevertheless, an updated revision of bivalves shows that some groups, such as the Protobranchia, were relatively more diverse in Chubut than in Neuquén during late Pliensbachian–early Toarcian times. Only four species are known from the southern areas of the Neuquén Basin, while seven species (three of them new) are here described from Chubut, belonging to the families Nuculidae, Nuculanidae, Polidevciidae, and Malletiidae. The new species are:Palaeonucula feruglioin. sp.,Ryderia tehuelchanan. sp., andPhaenodesmia?piatnitzkyin. sp. The material is well preserved and allows a detailed analysis of their hinge regions and other internal characters. The presence in Chubut ofPalaeoneilo?patagonidica(Leanza) is confirmed, which, along withPraesaccella ovum(Sowerby), are the only two species in common with the Neuquén Basin. The new speciesRyderia tehuelchana, belonging to a genus that had a wide global distribution between Rhaetian and Toarcian times, but which was known from South America only for upper Triassic deposits, is of special paleobiogeographic interest. These bivalves are restricted to normal marine environments, and due to their detritivorous feeding habits they only live in organic-rich bottoms as very active shallow burrowers.UUID:http://zoobank.org/41225cf2-b7de-4ff0-ad20-ce0d738799a9
Brands, ‘weightless’ firms and global value chains: the organisational impact of trade mark law
Authors: Griffiths Andrew 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Rana Plaza disaster of April 2013 was the most prominent of several incidents that have highlighted poor standards of business behaviour in the supply chains of well-known brands. Analysis of these incidents has attributed these poor standards to an institutional structure in which lead firms with strategic power outsource production into global value chains and pursue business models that involve rapid product upgrading and require low costs and fast turnarounds in production such as the garment industry's ‘fast fashion’ business model. This paper aims to complement that analysis by showing how trade marks, as the main legal anchors of brands, have reinforced the strategic power of lead firms, enabled them to outsource production and encouraged them to adopt business models of this kind. The paper will also evaluate the claim that brands mitigate their harmful effects by transmitting countervailing pressure back onto their owners because they provide salient targets for bad publicity and blame, as coverage of the Rana Plaza disaster showed, which can threaten their owners with reputational damage. It will be argued that this countervailing pressure has a limited effect and cannot be relied on without more to address the issues that the Rana Plaza disaster revealed.
Profinite groups with restricted centralizers of commutators
Authors: Detomi Eloisa , Morigi Marta , Shumyatsky Pavel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA groupGhas restricted centralizers if for eachginGthe centralizer$C_G(g)$either is finite or has finite index inG. A theorem of Shalev states that a profinite group with restricted centralizers is abelian-by-finite. In the present paper we handle profinite groups with restricted centralizers of word-values. We show that ifwis a multilinear commutator word andGa profinite group with restricted centralizers ofw-values, then the verbal subgroupw(G) is abelian-by-finite.