bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Task complexity interacts with state-space uncertainty in the arbitration process between model-based and model-free reinforcement-learning at both behavioral and neural levels
Authors: Kim Dongjae , Park Geon Yeong , O’Doherty John P. , Lee Sang Wan 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYA major open question concerns how the brain governs the allocation of control between two distinct strategies for learning from reinforcement: model-based and model-free reinforcement learning. While there is evidence to suggest that the reliability of the predictions of the two systems is a key variable responsible for the arbitration process, another key variable has remained relatively unexplored: the role of task complexity. By using a combination of novel task design, computational modeling, and model-based fMRI analysis, we examined the role of task complexity alongside state-space uncertainty in the arbitration process between model-based and model-free RL. We found evidence to suggest that task complexity plays a role in influencing the arbitration process alongside state-space uncertainty. Participants tended to increase model-based RL control in response to increasing task complexity. However, they resorted to model-free RL when both uncertainty and task complexity were high, suggesting that these two variables interact during the arbitration process. Computational fMRI revealed that task complexity interacts with neural representations of the reliability of the two systems in the inferior prefrontal cortex bilaterally. These findings provide insight into how the inferior prefrontal cortex negotiates the trade-off between model-based and model-free RL in the presence of uncertainty and complexity, and more generally, illustrates how the brain resolves uncertainty and complexity in dynamically changing environments.SUMMARY OF FINDINGS- Elucidated the role of state-space uncertainty and complexity in model-based and model-free RL.- Found behavioral and neural evidence for complexity-sensitive prefrontal arbitration.- High task complexity induces explorative model-based RL.
Association ofPrevotellaenterotype with polysomnographic data in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome patients
Authors: Ko Chih-Yuan , Fan Ji-Mim , Hu An-Ke , Huang Li-Mei , Su Huan-Zhang , Yang Jiao-Hong , Zhang Hua-Ping , Zeng Yi-Ming 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are critical pathophysiological processes involved in obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). These manifestation independently affect similar brain regions and contribute to OSAHS-related comorbidities that are known to be related to the host gut alteration microbiota. We hypothesized that microbiota disruption influences the pathophysiological processes of OSAHS through a microbiota–gut–brain axis. Thus, we aim to survey enterotypes and polysomnographic data of OSAHS patients. Subjects were diagnosed by polysomnography, from whom fecal samples were obtained and analyzed for the microbiome composition by variable regions 3–4 of 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and bioinformatic analyses. We examined blood cytokines level of all subjects. Three enterotypesBacteroides(n=73),Ruminococcus(n=14), andPrevotella(n=26) were identified. Central apnea indices, mixed apnea indices, N1 sleep stage, mean apnea–hypopnea duration, and arousal indices were increased in apnea–hypopnea indices (AHI) ≥15 patients with thePrevotellaenterotype. However, for AHI<15 subjects, obstructive apnea indices and systolic blood pressure were significantly observed inRuminococcusandPrevotellaenterotypes, respectively. The present study indicates the possibility of pathophysiological interplay between enterotypes and sleep structure disruption in sleep apnea through a microbiota–gut–brain axis and offers some new insight toward the pathogenesis of OSAHS.ImportanceIntermittent hypoxia (IH) and sleep fragmentation (SF) are hallmarks of are the predominant mechanism underlying obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Moreover, IH and SF of pathophysiological roles in the gut microbiota dysbiosis in OSAHS have been demonstrated. We hypothesized that gut microbiota disruption may cross-talk the brain function via microbiota–gut–brain axis. Indeed, we observed central apnea indices and other parameters of disturbances during sleep were significantly elevated in AHI≥15 patients with thePrevotellaenterotype. This enterotype prone to endotoxin production, driving systemic inflammation, ultimately contributes to OSAHS-linked comorbidities. Vice versa, increasing the arousal index leads to systemic inflammatory changes and accompanies metabolic dysfunction. We highlight that the possibility that the microbiota–gut–brain axis operates a bidirectional effect on the development of OSAHS pathology.
Germ-free mice exhibit mast cells with impaired functionality and gut homing and do not develop food allergy
Authors: Schwarzer Martin , Hermanova Petra , Srutkova Dagmar , Golias Jaroslav , Hudcovic Tomas , Sinkora Marek , Akgün Johnnie , Zwicker Christian , Wiedermann Ursula , Tuckova Ludmila , Kozakova Hana , Schabussova Irma 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundMucosal mast cells (MC) are key players in IgE-mediated food allergy (FA). The evidence on the interaction between gut microbiota, MC and susceptibility to FA is contradictory.ObjectiveWe tested the hypothesis that commensal bacteria are essential for MC migration to the gut and their maturation impacting the susceptibility to FA.MethodsThe development and severity of FA symptoms was studied in sensitized germ-free (GF), conventional (CV) and mice mono-colonized with L. plantarum WCFS1 or co-housed with CV mice. MC were phenotypically and functionally characterized.ResultsSystemic sensitization and oral challenge of GF mice with ovalbumin led to increased levels of specific IgE in serum compared to CV mice. Remarkably, despite the high levels of sensitization, GF mice did not develop diarrhea or anaphylactic hypothermia, common symptoms of FA. In the gut, GF mice expressed low levels of the MC tissue-homing markers CXCL1 and CXCL2 and harbored fewer MC which exhibited lower levels of MC protease-1 after challenge. Additionally, MC in GF mice were less mature as confirmed by flow-cytometry and reduced edema formation after injection of degranulation-provoking compound 48/80. Co-housing of GF mice with CV mice fully restored their susceptibility to develop FA. However, this did not occur when GF mice were mono-colonized with L. plantarum.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that microbiota-induced maturation and gut-homing of MC is a critical step for the development of symptoms of experimental FA. This new mechanistic insight into microbiota-MC-FA axis can be exploited in the prevention and treatment of FA in humans.
Clonal analysis by tunable CRISPR-mediated excision
Authors: Gilles Anna F. , Schinko Johannes B. , Schacht Magdalena I. , Enjolras Camille , Averof Michalis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClonal marking techniques based on the Cre/lox and Flp/FRT systems are widely used in multicellular model organisms to mark individual cells and their progeny, in order to study their morphology, growth properties and developmental fates. The same tools can be adapted to introduce specific genetic changes in a subset of cells within the body, i.e. to perform mosaic genetic analysis. Marking and manipulating distinct cell clones requires control over the frequency of clone induction, which is sometimes difficult to achieve. Here we present Valcyrie, a new method that replaces the conventional Cre or Flp recombinase-mediated excision of a marker cassette by CRISPR-mediated excision. A major advantage of this approach is that CRISPR efficiency can be tuned in a predictable fashion by manipulating the degree of sequence complementarity between the CRISPR guide RNA and its targets. We establish the method in the beetleTribolium castaneum. We demonstrate that clone marking frequency can be tuned to generate embryos carrying single marked clones. The Valcyrie approach can be applied to a wide range of experimental settings, for example to modulate clone frequency with existing tools in established model organisms and to introduce clonal analysis in emerging experimental models.
Density-dependent changes in neophobia and stress-coping styles in the world’s oldest farmed fish
Authors: Champneys T. , Castaldo G. , Consuegra S. , Leaniz Garcia de 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFarmed fish are typically reared at densities much higher than those observed in the wild, but to what extent crowding results in abnormal behaviours that can impact welfare and stress coping styles is subject to debate. Neophobia (i.e. fear of the ‘new’) is thought to be adaptive under natural conditions by limiting risks, but it is potentially maladapted in captivity, where there are no predators or novel foods. We reared juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for six weeks at either high (50g/L) or low density (14g/L), assessed the extent of skin and eye darkening (two proxies of chronic stress), and exposed them to a novel object in an open-test arena, with and without cover, to assess the effects of density on neophobia and stress coping styles. Fish reared at high density were darker, more neophobic, less aggressive, less mobile and less likely to take risks than those reared at low density, and these effects were exacerbated when no cover was available. Thus, the reactive coping style shown by fish at high density was very different from the proactive coping style shown by fish at low density. Our findings provide novel insights into the plasticity of fish behaviour and the effects of aquaculture intensification on one of the world’s oldest farmed and most invasive fish, and highlight the importance of considering context. Crowding could have a positive effect on the welfare of tilapia by reducing aggressive behaviour, but it can also make fish chronically stressed and more fearful, which could make them less invasive.
Characterization of novel TMEM173 mutation with additive IFIH1 risk allele
Authors: Keskitalo Salla , Haapaniemi Emma , Einarsdottir Elisabet , Rajamäki Kristiina , Heikkilä Hannele , Ilander Mette , Pöyhönen Minna , Morgunova Ekaterina , Hokynar Kati , Lagström Sonja , Kivirikko Sirpa , Mustjoki Satu , Eklund Kari , Saarela Janna , Kere Juha , Seppänen Mikko , Ranki Annamari , Hannula-Jouppi Katariina , Varjosalo Markku 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTMEM173 encodes for STING that is a transmembrane protein activated by pathogen or self-derived cytosolic nucleic acids causing its translocation from ER to Golgi, and further to vesicles. Monogenic STING gain-of-function mutations cause early-onset type I interferonopathy, with disease presentation ranging from fatal vasculopathy to mild chilblain lupus. Molecular mechanisms causing the poor phenotypegenotype correlation are presently unclear. Here we report a novel gain-of-function G207E STING mutation causing a distinct phenotype with alopecia, photosensitivity, thyroid dysfunction, and STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) -features; livedo reticularis, nasal septum perforation, facial erythema, bacterial infections and skin vasculitis. Single residue polymorphisms in TMEM173 and an IFIH1 T946 risk allele modify disease presentation in the affected multigeneration family, explaining the varying clinical phenotypes. The G207E mutation causes constitutive activation of inflammation-related pathways in HEK cells, as well as aberrant interferon signature and inflammasome activation in patient PBMCs. Protein-protein interactions further propose impaired cellular trafficking of G207E mutant STING. These findings reveal the molecular landscape of STING and highlight the complex additive effects on the phenotype.BRIEF SUMMARYNovel gain-of-function mutation in TMEM173, associated with single residue polymorphisms in TMEM173 and IFIH1, causes a distinct clinical phenotype with some shared features of SAVI.
Status of urban feral cats Felis catus in England: A comparative study
Authors: Askew Nicholas P. , Vial Flavie , Smith Graham C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study sought to determine whether a change in the abundance of feral cats (Felis catus) in three areas of England had occurred between the completion of a survey undertaken by the Ministry for Agriculture Fisheries and Food in 1986/7 and the turn of the century. In the event of a rabies outbreak occurring in Britain, feral cats would be one vector of the disease that would need to be controlled under the Rabies (control) Order 1974. A total of 741 “high risk sites”, found to provide appropriate conditions for feral cats, were surveyed between 1999 and 2000. The total number of feral cat colonies located within the survey areas was found to have fallen by 37% from 68 in 1986 to 43 in 1999/2000, translating to an estimated 212-247 fewer individual feral cats. Factories/trading estates and industrial premises continued to be the most common sites associated with urban feral cat colonies. However, the closing down of many traditional industries, such as mills and dockyards, and their replacement by more secure and insulated modern buildings, less amenable to feral cats finding warmth and food, had assisted the observed fall in numbers along with the effectiveness of neutering programs which are now taking place on many sites. Through this study information regarding feral cat colonies’ in urban landscapes as well colony size was gathered and fed into rabies contingency plans to help keep Britain rabies free into the future.
Application of field modeling and determination of parameters in electrical engineering education
Authors: Iatcheva Ilona 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present application of electromagnetic field (EMF) modeling in the educational process of electrical engineering study. Special attention has been paid to determination of specific parameters and characteristics as a function of device design. The aim is to introduce to the students the great opportunities for study and optimization of system behavior, based on the modeling of EMF distribution.

Design/methodology/approach
Illustrative examples have been considered, in which the students have to model the EMF distribution in relatively simple devices, using both analytical field determination and finite element method (FEM) analysis. The task includes also the determination of capacitances, inductances, magnetic fluxes, energies and forces. The problem has to be solved for different values of geometry parameters and material properties of the device. Thus, students can examine specific relation between field distribution and changes of the design.

Findings
The modeling of EMF distribution for different geometry and material properties allows determination of key factors, significantly influencing the behavior and processes in the studied device, which is the basic element in the computer-aided design systems and it can be used in subsequent system optimization.

Practical implications
The wide possibilities and advantages of the FEM simulations have been demonstrated in the modeling of EMF distribution and obtaining of device parameters. It enables students to significantly improve their knowledge in EMF theory and helps the future engineers to estimate the great advantages and possibilities for optimal device designing, which offer them the numerical simulation of electromagnetic processes.

Originality/value
This work illustrates possibilities, advantages and many years of author’s experience in application of EMF modeling in the teaching process in the study of electrical engineering specialties. The work problems presented have been solved analytically and on the basis of computer FEM simulations, which allows comparison of the opportunities and necessary efforts, offered by both kinds of methods.
Comparative study and simulation of tumor cell inactivation by microwave and conventional heating
Authors: Rosin Andreas , Hader Michael , Drescher Corinna , Suntinger Magdalena , Gerdes Thorsten , Willert-Porada Monika , Gaipl Udo S. , Frey Benjamin 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate in a self-designed closed loop reactor process conditions for thermal inactivation of B16 melanoma cells by microwave and conventional heating.

Design/methodology/approach
Besides control experiments (37°C), inactivation rate was determined in the range from 42°C to 46°C. Heating was achieved either by microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz or by warm water. To distinguish viable from dead cells, AnnexinV staining method was used and supported by field effect scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) imaging. Furthermore, numerical simulations were done to get a closer look into both heating devices. To investigate the thermal influence on cell inactivation and the differences between heating methods, a reaction kinetics approach was added as well.

Findings
Control experiments and heating at 42°C resulted in low inactivation rates. Inactivation rate at 44°C remained below 12% under conventional, whereas it increased to >70% under microwave heating. At 46°C, inactivation rate attained 68% under conventional heating; meanwhile, even 88% were determined under microwave heating. FE-SEM images showed a porous membrane structure under microwave heating in contrast to mostly intact conventional heated cells. Numerical simulations of both heating devices and a macroscopic Arrhenius approach could not sufficiently explain the observed differences in inactivation.

Originality/value
A combination of thermal and electrical effects owing to microwave heating results in higher inactivation rates than conventional heating achieves. Nevertheless, it was not possible to determine the exact mechanisms of inactivation under microwave radiation.
Implications of product centric servitization for global distribution channels of manufacturing companies
Authors: Aminoff Anna , Hakanen Taru 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The ability to operate global distribution channels of products is commonly considered a critical determinant of a manufacturer’s competitiveness. Nowadays, many products are often complemented with value-added services challenging the efficacy of the status quo of distribution channels. Investigating this rather new phenomenon, the purpose of this paper is to provide an initial understanding of the implications of servitization for manufacturers’ global business-to-business (B2B) distribution.

Design/methodology/approach
The aim is to elaborate service-dominant logic (SDL) in the context of global B2B distribution. The study builds on case study data collected from a medium-sized European manufacturing company offering production equipment and solutions, and three of its global distributors.

Findings
The results indicate that the co-producing customer value, the increasing role of operant resources of both a distributor and a manufacturer, and triadic co-creation between a manufacturer, a distributor and an end customer have increasing importance in the indirect distribution network.

Research limitations/implications
Data are limited to data collected from a single in-depth case study. The results of this study should be investigated by collecting more data in a broader context in the form of surveys.

Practical implications
Several guidelines related to global distribution are developed for managers, and current distributor selection criteria are completed to meet the needs of this servitization approach.

Originality/value
Empirical research on servitizing manufacturers with global B2B distribution is scarce. This paper employs SDL to provide an in-depth understanding of the implications of servitization for distribution.
Consumer acceptance of sports wearable technology: the role of technology readiness
Authors: Kim Taejung , Chiu Weisheng 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate consumers’ acceptance and use of sports and fitness wearable devices based on technology readiness (TR). In addition, the technology readiness and acceptance model (TRAM) will be used to investigate consumers’ intention to use sports wearable devices (for simplicity, sports wearable devices will be simplified to the term “sports wearables”).Design/methodology/approachConvenience sampling was conducted from Korean consumers (n=247). Data were analyzed by partial least squares–structural equation modeling using SmartPLS 3.0.FindingsThe results found that positive TR has a positive influence on perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU), and negative TR had a negative influence on PEOU and PU. PEOU had a positive influence on perceived usefulness (PU). Both PEOU and PU led to intention to use sports wearable devices. Also, the multi-group analysis found a positive correlation between TR and PEOU for especially male users.Originality/valueThe findings of this study provide a better understanding of consumers’ behavioral intent to use sports wearables. Particularly, it also provides evidence that the TRAM is an appropriate framework for predicting users’ intention to use sports wearables. This study also stresses the important role of TR in consumers’ psychological processes leading up to the actual use of novel sports wearables.
Improving wear resistance of aluminum by hydrophobic sol-gel-derived TiO2 film
Authors: Zhao Hongjin , Cao Lei , Wan Yong , Yang Shuyan , Gao Jianguo , Pu Jibin 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to increase wear resistance of aluminum.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have studied the ways to improve the tribological performance of aluminum by assembling stearic acid on aluminum coated by sol-gel-derived TiO2 film. The samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements and a macro friction and wear tester.

Findings
Enhanced wear resistance was clearly obtained after functionalization of TiO2 film on aluminum by stearic acid.

Originality/value
The relevant results might be helpful for guiding the surface modification of aluminum devices in industrial applications.
The Rutgers open access policy goes into effect
Authors: Otto Jane Johnson , Mullen Laura Bowering 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
From laying the groundwork for the successful passage of a university-wide open access (OA) policy, through the development and planning that goes into a successful implementation, to “Day One” when the official university policy goes into effect, there is a long list of factors that affect faculty interest, participation and compliance. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors, Mullen and Otto, having detailed earlier aspects of the Rutgers University OA policy passage and implementation planning, analyze and share the specifics that followed the rollout of the policy and that continue to affect participation.

Findings
This case study presents some strategies and systems used to enhance author self-archiving in the newly minted Scholarly Open Access at Rutgers (SOAR) portal of the Rutgers institutional repository, including involvement of departmental liaison librarians, effective presentation of metrics and a focus on targeted communication with faculty.

Originality/value
Roadblocks encountered as faculty began to deposit their scholarship and lessons learned are a focus. Early reaction from faculty and graduate students (doctoral students and postdocs) to various aspects of the policy as well as the use of SOAR for depositing their work are included.