bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoantigens in Ovarian Cancer: Embarrassment of Riches or Needles in a Haystack?
Authors: McNeish Iain A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analysis demonstrate that tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes that react to mutated neoepitopes could be identified in recurrent ovarian cancer. Two of these T-cell populations reacted against TP53 hotspot missense mutations that are present in a wide variety of malignancies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5493–5. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Deniger et al., p. 5562
The Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) Chalcones 4-hydroxyderricin and Xanthoangelol Suppress Melanomagenesis By Targeting BRAF and PI3K
Authors: Zhang Tianshun , Wang Qiushi , Fredimoses Mangaladoss , Gao Ge , Wang Keke , Chen Hanyong , Wang Ting , Oi Naomi , Zykova Tatyana A. , Reddy Kanamata , Yao Ke , Ma Weiya , Chang Xiaoyu , Lee Mee-Hyun , Rathore Moeez Ghani , Bode Ann M. , Ashida Hitoshi , Lippman Scott M. , Dong Zigang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive tumor of the skin and still lacks effective preventive and therapeutic treatments. In melanoma, both the BRAF/MEK/ERK and PI3-K/AKT signaling pathways are constitutively activated through multiple mechanisms, which result in cell-cycle progression and prevention of apoptosis. Therefore, the development of novel strategies for targeting BRAF and PI3K are of utmost importance. In this study, we found that Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) chalcones, 4-hydroxyderricin (4HD) and xanthoangelol (XAG), suppressed melanoma development by directly targeting both BRAFV600E and PI3K, which blocked the activation of downstream signaling. This led to the induction of G1 phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in melanoma cells. Importantly, 4HD or XAG dramatically attenuated tumor incidence and volume in the BRAF-activated Pten-deficient melanoma mouse model. Our findings suggest that 4HD and XAG are promising chemopreventive or potential therapeutic agents against melanomagenesis that act by targeting both BRAF and PI3K, providing hope for rapid clinical translation. Cancer Prev Res; 11(10); 607–20. ©2018 AACR.
IL35 Hinders Endogenous Antitumor T-cell Immunity and Responsiveness to Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Mirlekar Bhalchandra , Michaud Daniel , Searcy Ryan , Greene Kevin , Pylayeva-Gupta Yuliya 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Although successes in cancer immunotherapy have generated considerable excitement, this form of treatment has been largely ineffective in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Mechanisms that contribute to the poor antitumor immune response in PDA are not well understood. Here, we demonstrated that cytokine IL35 is a major immunosuppressive driver in PDA and potentiates tumor growth via the suppression of endogenous antitumor T-cell responses. The growth of pancreatic tumors in mice deficient for IL35 was significantly reduced. An analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells revealed a role for IL35 in the expansion of regulatory T cells and the suppression of CD4+ effector T cells. We also detected a robust increase in both the infiltration and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, suggesting that targeting IL35 may be an effective strategy to convert PDA from an immunologically “cold” to “hot” tumor. Although PDA is typically resistant to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy, we demonstrated robust synergistic reduction in tumor growth when IL35 deficiency was combined with anti–PD-1 treatment. These findings provide new insight into the function of IL35 in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and underscore the potential significance of IL35 as a therapeutic target for use in combination immunotherapy approaches in this deadly malignancy. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(9); 1014–24. ©2018 AACR.
Towards a Cure for Prevent? Building Resilience to Religious and Political Forms of Violence within British Muslim Communities
Authors: Hargreaves Julian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article engages with community-led responses to religious and political forms of violence within British Muslim communities. The focus here is on ‘bottom-up’, community-led responses to religious and political forms of violence, a relatively underrepresented topic, given the extent of policy and research literature concerning the nature and effects of ‘top-down’ counter-terrorism and counter-extremist initiatives such as the UK Government’s Prevent strategy. The article argues two main points. First, that solutions to the problems of extremism, radicalisation and terrorism (to use the linguistic framework of the UK Government), or to the problems of religious and political forms of violence (the term used here), might be found as much within the realms of religion, culture, family and community as within the realms of security, policing and legislation. Second, that an analytical framework for the development of community-led approaches may be developed via consideration of the social psychological concept of resilience.
The Geographies of Prevent: The Transformation of the Muslim Home into a Pre-Crime Space
Authors: Fernandez Shereen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Prevent Duty is part of the UK’s counter-extremism strategy, which aims to prevent individuals from becoming involved in ‘extremism’ and ‘radicalisation’. As a pre-crime measure, the duty is now enforced in public institutions in the UK, from schools to healthcare provisions, and relies on frontline staff to monitor and report on ‘signs’ of extremism and radicalisation. The discussion around Prevent has focused on its implementation and impacts in the public sphere, notably in schools. However, this article aims to disrupt the imagined boundaries of the Prevent Duty and demonstrate how, as a result of this policy, the home—primarily the Muslim home—is treated as a pre-crime space, thus broadening the reach of counter-extremism measures into the private sphere.
Analyzing of Cloud Macroscopic Characteristics in the Shigatse Area of the Tibetan Plateau Using the Total-Sky Images
Authors: Yang Jun , Lyu Weitao , Ma Ying , Zhang Yijun , Li Qingyong , Yao Wen , Lu Tianshu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe macroscopic characteristics of clouds in the Tibetan Plateau are crucial to understanding the local climatic conditions and their impact on the global climate and water vapor cycle. In this study, the variations of cloud cover and cloud types are analyzed by using total-sky images of two consecutive years in Shigatse, Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the cloud cover in Shigatse presents a distinct seasonal difference that is characterized by low cloud cover in autumn and winter and high cloud cover in summer and spring. July is the month with the largest cloud coverage, and its average cloud cover exceeds 75%. The probability of clouds in the sky is the lowest in November, with an average cloud cover of less than 20%. The diurnal variations of cloud cover in different months also have considerable differences. Specifically, cloud cover is higher in the afternoon than that in the morning in most months, whereas the cloud cover throughout the day varies little from July to September. The dominant cloud types in different months are also not the same. The proportion of clear sky is large in autumn and winter. Stratiform cloud occupies the highest percentage in March, April, July, and August. The probability of emergence of cirrus is highest in May and June. The Shigatse region has clear rainy and dry seasons, and correlation analysis between precipitation and clouds shows that the largest cumulative precipitation, the highest cloud cover, and the highest proportion of stratiform clouds occur simultaneously in July.
High-Resolution QPF Uncertainty and Its Implications for Flood Prediction: A Case Study for the Eastern Iowa Flood of 2016
Authors: Seo Bong-Chul , Quintero Felipe , Krajewski Witold F. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This study addresses the uncertainty of High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs), which were recently appended to the operational hydrologic forecasting framework. In this study, we examine the uncertainty features of HRRR QPFs for an Iowa flooding event that occurred in September 2016. Our evaluation of HRRR QPFs is based on the conventional approach of QPF verification and the analysis of mean areal precipitation (MAP) with respect to forecast lead time. The QPF verification results show that the precipitation forecast skill of HRRR significantly drops during short lead times and then gradually decreases for further lead times. The MAP analysis also demonstrates that the QPF error sharply increases during short lead times and starts decreasing slightly beyond 4-h lead time. We found that the variability of QPF error measured in terms of MAP decreases as basin scale and lead time become larger and longer, respectively. The effects of QPF uncertainty on hydrologic prediction are quantified through the hillslope-link model (HLM) simulations using hydrologic performance metrics (e.g., Kling–Gupta efficiency). The simulation results agree to some degree with those from the MAP analysis, finding that the performance achieved from the QPF forcing decreases during 1–3-h lead times and starts increasing with 4–6-h lead times. The best performance acquired at the 1-h lead time does not seem acceptable because of the large overestimation of the flood peak, along with an erroneous early peak that is not observed in streamflow observations. This study provides further evidence that HRRR contains a well-known weakness at short lead times, and the QPF uncertainty (e.g., bias) described as a function of forecast lead times should be corrected before its use in hydrologic prediction.
Spheroid Formation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Environmentally Friendly BMA/SBMA/HEMA Copolymer-Coated Anti-Adhesive Surface
Authors: Lin Wei-Han , Lin Che-Yu , Tsai Ching-Cheng , Yu Jiashing , Tsai Wei-Bor 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Surface coating with sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) containing polymers is a simple method for reducing non-specific protein adsorption and cell adhesion to biomaterials. It has been shown that copolymers of zwitterionic monomers and butyl methacrylate (BMA) could be adsorbed onto hydrophobic substrates in order to provide anti-fouling properties. However, the copolymers of BMA/SBMA dissolved in organic solvents such as DMSO and THF, which is harmful to the host and environment, but not in environmentally friendly solvents, such as methanol and ethanol. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was introduced in the copolymers in order to enhance the solubility of BMA/SBMA copolymers in methanol and ethanol. The solubility of the copolymers in methanol, ethanol and DMSO were examined. BMA/SBMA/HEMA copolymers in different solvents were coated on polystyrene (PS) plates, and the surface hydrophilicity and anti-fouling capacity were investigated. On the other hand, many studies have pointed out that spheroid formations of stem cells have the abilities to boost functionality and enhance their therapeutic potential. Therefore, the spheroid formation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) was studied on a plate coated with copolymers. The substrates coated with the copolymers prevented the adhesion of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs); moreover, hASCs formed spheroids after 24 hours of culture. In conclusion, the addition of HEMA in the BMA/SBMA copolymers made the copolymers soluble in methanol and ethanol. With the coating of copolymers, cell adhesion was inhibited and the stem cell spheroids were formed on the plate. The copolymers showed a potential for surface modification under an environmentally friendly condition for anti-fouling and stem cell spheroid application.
Facile Entry to Iron Complexes Supported by Quinoline-Based PNN Pincer Ligand
Authors: Kamitani Masahiro , Kusaka Haruki , Toriyabe Takumi , Yuge Hidetaka 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
New quinoline-based PNN pincer ligands were prepared via Friedländer synthesis and phosphination reaction. The ligation reaction of PNN ligands with FeX2 (X = Cl, OTf) preferentially led to the formation of mono-chelated (PNN)FeX2 and bis-chelated [(PNN)2Fe]2+ complexes depending on phosphorus substituents and X ligands. Molecular structures and electron configurations of the mono-chelated and bis-chelated complexes were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and NMR measurements.
Generation of Active Ruthenium Catalysts for Hydroarylation of C–C Multiple Bonds from Isolated Ru(IV)=O Species Supported on CeO2
Authors: Miura Hiroki , Nagao Masahiro , Hosokawa Saburo , Shishido Tetsuya , Inoue Masashi , Wada Kenji 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper reports that the treatment of Ru/CeO2 with PPh3 and HCHO in 2-methoxyalcohol was an efficient way to generate the catalytically active Ru species for hydroarylation of C-C multiple bonds. A variety of alkenes was applicable toward the title reactions. The solid Ru/CeO2 could be recycled for several times.
Macromolecular Crowding and Nanoscale Confinement on the Structural Regulation of Chromatins/DNAs
Authors: Kim Jun Soo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
DNA is a very long polymeric molecule that governs the genetic processes in cells, and its structural regulation is critical to their functions. In addition, several uses of DNA as a novel material have also been proposed in nanomaterial science and engineering. In this account, we introduce our efforts to understand the regulatory strategies of chromatins (a very long DNA molecule complexed with and compacted by a large number of histone protein complexes) in crowded cellular environments and in nanoscale confinements, using computer simulations of chromatins. We first show that macromolecular crowding in the cell nucleus has distinguishable influences on chromatins with different compaction densities, suggesting that cellular control of macromolecular crowding may be utilized to control different chromatin domains, called heterochromatin and euchromatin. Then, we also show that chromatins placed in an array of nanoscale posts have different molecular arrangements depending on the dimension of the nanopost arrays: either localized and aligned parallel to the nanoposts or distributed perpendicular to the nanoposts. Our studies suggest that the entropic effects of macromolecular crowding and nanoscale confinement can regulate chromatin structures and arrangements.
Letramento crítico: as relações de causa e consequência aprimorando a leitura, a compreensão e a produção de textos
Authors: Motoyama Juliane Francischeti Martins , Souza Renata Junqueira de , Segabinazi Daniela Maria 
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo traz uma análise da produção escrita de três alunos do 6° ano do ensino fundamental que participaram de uma oficina interventiva na qual, através do ensino das relações de causa e consequência no gênero textual conto, objetivou-se promover ações que possibilitassem o letramento crítico. Neste estudo, adotamos a definição de letramento crítico como a ação de ler além, sob, sobre e ao redordo texto. As intervenções realizadas durante a oficina se deram no sentido de auxiliar os educandos a compreenderem as relações dialógicas internas do texto escrito para que, a partir de uma análise reflexiva, pudessem começar a escrever sua produção escrita. Foram desenvolvidos dez encontros nos quais os colaboradores leram, compreenderam, discutiram e produziram textos do gênero textual conto. As produções foram recolhidas e analisadas pelas pesquisadoras no sentido de reconstruir o percurso de produção da criança e compreender como a consciência das relações de causa e consequência contribuiu para a escrita dialógica. Naturalmente, após o processo de participação dos encontros da oficina a escrita de todos os educandos sofreu alterações, no entanto, o que diferenciou uma da outra foi o grau de consciência com que cada indivíduo utilizou a língua, sendo que alguns ficaram presos ao nível gramatical, enquanto outros avançaram para a construção de sentidos amplos. Assim, os resultados do caso aqui analisado denunciam que quando a escola não proporciona ações de dialogia, os educandos não desenvolvem o letramento crítico e consequentemente não conseguem ter total controle sobre o que dizer e como dizer.
PLAc, abordagem comunicativa e letramento crítico: pontos de convergência para a inclusão de práticas digitais no contexto brasileiro de ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Sá Elisa Mattos de , Júnior Costa Eric 
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho apresenta a concepção e as especificidades de PLAc (SÃO BERNARDO, 2016; AMADO, 2014, 2011; CALDEIRA, 2012; GROSSO, 2010) e propõe uma triangulação entre o ensino de PLAc, a abordagem comunicativa (LEE; VANPETTEN, 2003; SAVIGNON, 2001) e o letramento crítico como idealizado por Freire (1979, 1987, 2011, 2014, 2015) visto que as aulas de PLAc objetivam levar o aprendiz a se comunicar de forma eficiente e pragmaticamente adequada na nova língua, na busca pelo reconhecimento e pelo acesso a seus direitos sociais, deveres e serviços de acolhida no novo país, ou seja, a língua é de fato o meio primário de emancipação e reconstrução social. Além disso, as temáticas que atravessam o ensino de PLAc colocam questões pertinentes ao letramento crítico como foco de discussão e de reflexão em sala de aula, as quais podem ser intensificadas pela inclusão de práticas digitais planejadas com base nos materiais de PLAc, como o de Oliveira et al. (2015). Por entendermos que uma participação social ativa e democrática também é feita online, criamos um questionário e diagnosticamos o uso de tecnologias digitais de nossos alunos de PLAc, na cidade de São Paulo, e então elaboramos uma proposta para a inclusão do componente letramento digital (HOCKLEY; DUDENEY; PEGRUM, 2013) no desenvolvimento das competências comunicativas e críticas dos alunos, considerando seus conhecimentos de legado sobre as práticas digitais.
Sequência didática do gênero notícia online e seus comentários: uma análise à luz do interacionismo sociodiscursivo
Authors: Kleiman Paula Angélica Campos , Beato-Canato Ana Paula Marques 
Published: July 2018

Fruto de inquietações acerca do saber didatizar, este artigo tem por objetivo avaliar uma sequência didática (SD) em torno de dois gêneros textuais correlacionados: notícia onlinee comentário virtual, visando contribuir para a melhoria desta prática de linguagem (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004), de alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas do Rio de Janeiro. O material foi elaborado por uma das autoras como atividade de um módulo de um curso de extensão no âmbito do projeto PROLEC –Promoção do Letramento Crítico (UFRJ/FAPERJ) –, que propunha a produção de materiais didáticos como uma forma de contribuição para a formação do professor e tal produção constituiu-se como uma primeira oportunidade de pôr em prática conhecimentos teóricos aprendidos. Os resultados apontam diversas convergências entre a proposta genebrina de SD e as atividades propostas, especialmente no que tange aos objetivos, ao tema, à organização, ao uso de textos autênticos e à tentativa de contribuir com o desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem (SCHENEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004). Contudo, nossos dados também revelam alguns problemas no material, especialmente resultantes de dificuldades de transposição didática. Os resultados chamam atenção para as tensões entre uma definição de língua tradicional, com foco exclusivamente linguístico, e uma visão de língua sócio-histórica. Apesar disso, avaliamos que tanto sua produção quanto sua análise constituíram-se como processos importantes de formação profissional e, ao compartilhar nossos resultados, esperamos contribuir com a área, especialmente, de formação docente.
A Comparative Study of Endoscopic Finding and Radiological Appearance in Paranasal Sinus Disease
Authors: Agarwal Anjani , Fefar Alpesh , Mehta Manish 
Published: July 2018

Aims and Objectives: The study is carried out with an objective to compare the diagnostic nasal endoscopic findings and radiological appearance in patients with paranasal sinus disease.
Methods: 50 cases of chronic sinusitis not responding to routine medical line of treatment were selected and operated after being thoroughly investigated by means of nasal endoscopy and CT scan.
Results: Out of 50 cases, 35 underwent bilateral surgery and 15 underwent unilateral surgery, so a total of 85 procedures were carried out. Findings of both the CT scan as well as diagnostic nasal endoscopy were compared to each other and ultimately correlated with operative findings.
Conclusion: In our study, a high association is found between both the modalities of investigation i.e CT scan and diagnostic nasal endoscopy with one scoring over the other in different parameters. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy is found to be highly sensitive investigatory modality for parameters like frontal recess, spheno-ethmoid recess and hiatus semilunaris, where as CT scan is found to be highly sensitive for parameters like maxillary sinus, uncinate process and posterior ethmoids. So, a case of sinus disease should be diagnosed as early as possible using both these modalities as together they complement each other. Early diagnosis and effective management cures the pathology and prevents disastrous complications.
Ameloblastoma: A Case Report
Authors: Abrol Sahil Kanwal 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Lesions which make the jaws swell are comparatively more common in the developing world than they are elsewhere. Apart from trauma, the jaws can swell as the result of conditions which include: (1) Infection: an alveolar abscess, a dental sinus which is sometimes misdiagnosed as an early jaw tumour, and osteomyelitis (2)cysts (3) Tumours: Burkitt's lymphoma, ameloblastoma, carcinoma, salivary tumours, and giant cell tumours (4) A complex group of fibro-osseous lesion.
Case Report: A 16-year-old female patient presented to outpatient department with chief complaints of right sided cheek swelling for past four months which was bony hard, non-tender and fixed. The CT Alveolus region revealed a large expansile lytic lesion in right posterior region of mandible with severe thinning of cortex with multiple areas of cortical break without evidence of soft tissue infiltration arising possibility of Dentigerous cyst. Right hemimandibulectomy with plating was done and specimen was sent for histopathological examination which revealed swelling as Ameloblastoma-Unicystic variant.
Conclusion: Ameloblastomas are most common neoplasm of Odontogenic origin. They usually occur in 3rd to 5th decade, rarely in children and elderly. Mostly occurs in posterior region of Mandible. Ameloblastomas are locally invasive tumors and do not metastasize. Ameloblastomas are slow growing and asymptomatic leading to facial deformity and jaw expansion. Wide surgical excision is the treatment of choice.