bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New solution of the partial differential equation of the grain groove profile problem in the case of evaporation/condensation
Authors: Hamieh Tayssir , Khatir Zoubir , Ibrahim Ali 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper constitutes a new contribution on the resolution of Mullins problem in the case of the evaporation-condensation and gives an exact and explicit solution of the second partial differential equation relative to the geometric profile of the grain boundary grooving. New analytical expressions of the solution, the groove profile, the derivative and the groove deep were obtained:$$\begin{array}{c}y{\boldsymbol{(}}x{\boldsymbol{,}}t{\boldsymbol{)}}{\boldsymbol{=}}{\boldsymbol{-}}\,\sqrt{\pi Ct}\,sin\,\theta \,{\boldsymbol{[}}erfc{\boldsymbol{(}}\frac{x}{{\bf{2}}\sqrt{Ct}}{\boldsymbol{)}}{\boldsymbol{+}}{\boldsymbol{\sum }}_{n{\boldsymbol{=}}{\bf{1}}}^{\infty }\,\frac{{\boldsymbol{(}}{\bf{2}}n{\boldsymbol{)}}{\boldsymbol{!}}}{{{\boldsymbol{(}}n{\boldsymbol{!}}{\boldsymbol{)}}}^{{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{2}}}^{{\bf{2}}n}\,\sqrt{{\bf{3}}n}}\,si{n}^{{\bf{2}}n}\theta \,{\boldsymbol{(}}erfc{\boldsymbol{(}}\frac{x\sqrt{{\bf{3}}n}}{{\bf{2}}\sqrt{ct}}{\boldsymbol{)}}{\boldsymbol{)}}{\boldsymbol{]}}\\ y{\boldsymbol{{\prime} }}{\boldsymbol{(}}x{\boldsymbol{,}}t{\boldsymbol{)}}{\boldsymbol{=}}{\boldsymbol{+}}\,\frac{\sin \,\theta }{\sqrt{{e}^{{x}^{{\bf{2}}}{\boldsymbol{/}}{\boldsymbol{(}}{\bf{2}}ct{\boldsymbol{)}}}{\boldsymbol{-}}si{n}^{{\bf{2}}}\theta }}\,{\rm{and}}\,{\varepsilon }_{{\bf{0}}}{\boldsymbol{(}}\theta {\boldsymbol{)}}{\boldsymbol{=}}\sqrt{\pi ct}\,\sin \,\theta \,{\boldsymbol{[}}1{\boldsymbol{+}}{\boldsymbol{\sum }}_{n{\boldsymbol{=}}1}^{\infty }\frac{{\boldsymbol{(}}{\bf{2}}n{\boldsymbol{)}}{\boldsymbol{!}}}{{{\boldsymbol{(}}n{\boldsymbol{!}}{\boldsymbol{)}}}^{{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{2}}}^{2n}\sqrt{3n}}si{n}^{2n}\theta {\boldsymbol{]}}\end{array}$$

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It was proved that the found solution gave more accurate results relative to those obtained by Mullins that neglected the first derivative (|y′| ≪ 1) relative to 1. The results obtained by this new solution can be advantageously used to give more precise solution of the general problem when combining the two phenomena relative to the evaporation-condensation and the surface diffusion in thin polycrystalline films.
A longitudinal study on latent TB infection screening and its association with TB incidence in HIV patients
Authors: Wong Ngai Sze , Leung Chi Chiu , Chan Kenny Chi Wai , Chan Wai Kit , Lin Ada Wai Chi , Lee Shui Shan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLatent TB infection (LTBI) in HIV patients, its treatment, and immunological recovery following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) could interact and impact TB disease progression. We aim to examine the factors associated with LTBI and TB disease development among HIV patients. Longitudinal clinical and laboratory data were accessed from the largest HIV specialist clinic in Hong Kong, where HAART and yearly LTBI screening are routinely provided for HIV patients. Between 2002 and mid-2017, among 2079 HIV patients with 14119 person-years (PY) of follow-up, 32% of LTBI screened patients (n = 1740) were tested positive. The overall TB incidence was 1.26/100 PY from HIV diagnosis to HAART initiation, falling to 0.37/100 PY. A lower risk of TB disease progression was associated with local residence, Chinese ethnicity, negative baseline LTBI result, being on HAART, LTBI treatment, higher baseline CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio. A positive test at baseline, but not subsequent testing results, was significantly associated with TB disease development. Baseline LTBI screening is an important strategy for identifying HIV patients at risk of TB disease progression. Routine repeat LTBI screening on an annual basis might not give additional benefits to patients on HAART with good immunological responses. Such practice should require re-evaluation.
Direct Synthesis of cubic shaped Ag2S on Ni mesh as Binder-free Electrodes for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Arulraj Arunachalam , Ilayaraja N. , Rajeshkumar V. , Ramesh M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA facile approach of chemical bath deposition was proposed to fabricate direct synthesis of silver sulphide (Ag2S) on nickel (Ni) mesh without involvement for binders for supercapacitor electrodes. The phase purity, structure, composition, morphology, microstructure of the as-fabricated Ag2S electrode was validated from its corresponding comprehensive characterization tools. The electrochemical characteristics of the Ag2S electrodes were evaluated by recording the electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge profile in a three electrode configuration system. Ag2S employed as working electrode demonstrates notable faradaic behaviour including high reversible specific capacitance value of 179 C/g at a constant charge/discharge current density of 1 A/g with high cyclic stability which is relatively good as compared with other sulphide based materials. The experimental results ensure fabricated binder-free Ag2S electrodes exhibits better electrochemical performance and suitable for potential electrodes in electrochemical energy storage applications.
Analytical Study of Fuel Switching from Heavy Fuel Oil to Natural Gas in clay brick factories at Arab Abu Saed, Greater Cairo
Authors: Higazy Mamdouh , Essa Khaled S. M. , Mubarak Fawzia , El-Sayed El-Sayed M. , Sallam Abdelsattar M. , Talaat Mona S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArab Abu Saed area in Giza governorate, south to Cairo contains more than 228 clay brick kilns represent the largest cluster of brickworks in Egypt. Burning of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) in such kilns is the main source of air pollution in the surrounding locations. In this study, investigation of switching the fuel used in brick kilns from (HFO) to Natural Gas (NG) is carried out and the pollution loads are assessed in both cases. In addition, two Gaussian dispersion plume models are employed to estimate the concentration of primary pollutants; PM10, SO2, and NO2 at seven locations in the vicinity of Arab Abu Saed to determine the most adversely affected locations. Statistical analysis is applied to evaluate the correlation and conformity of the results of both models. Results show that using of NG leads to a significant reduction of pollution loads of PM10, SO2 and NO2 reaches 96%, 72%, and 24% respectively. In addition, the reduction of naturally occurring radionuclides in air is analyzed. Activity concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 in Bq/l for HFO were measured using HPGe detector for six HFO samples. Exposure due to air submersion of naturally occurring radionuclides in the study area leads to annual equivalent dose ranged between 2.16 mSv/y (received by Uterus) and 14 mSv/y (received by skin), and average effective dose 2.65 mSv/y which represent valuable exposure.
The nutritive value of black soldier fly larvae reared on common organic waste streams in Kenya
Authors: Shumo Marwa , Osuga Isaac M. , Khamis Fathiya M. , Tanga Chrysantus M. , Fiaboe Komi K. M. , Subramanian Sevgan , Ekesi Sunday , van Huis Arnold , Borgemeister Christian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn Africa, livestock production currently accounts for about 30% of the gross value of agricultural production. However, production is struggling to keep up with the demands of expanding human populations, the rise in urbanization and the associated shifts in diet habits. High costs of feed prevent the livestock sector from thriving and to meet the rising demand. Insects have been identified as potential alternatives to the conventionally used protein sources in livestock feed due to their rich nutrients content and the fact that they can be reared on organic side streams. Substrates derived from organic by-products are suitable for industrial large-scale production of insect meal. Thus, a holistic comparison of the nutritive value of Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL) reared on three different organic substrates, i.e. chicken manure (CM), brewers’ spent grain (SG) and kitchen waste (KW), was conducted. BSFL samples reared on every substrate were collected for chemical analysis after the feeding process. Five-hundred (500) neonatal BSFL were placed in 23 × 15 cm metallic trays on the respective substrates for a period of 3–4 weeks at 28 ± 2 °C and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. The larvae were harvested when the prepupal stage was reached using a 5 mm mesh size sieve. A sample of 200 grams prepupae was taken from each replicate and pooled for every substrate and then frozen at −20 °C for chemical analysis. Samples of BSFL and substrates were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extracts (EE), ash, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), amino acids (AA), fatty acids (FA), vitamins, flavonoids, minerals and aflatoxins. The data were then subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using general linear model procedure. BSFL differed in terms of nutrient composition depending on the organic substrates they were reared on. CP, EE, minerals, amino acids, ADF and NDF but not vitamins were affected by the different rearing substrates. BSFL fed on different substrates exhibited different accumulation patterns of minerals, with CM resulting in the largest turnover of minerals. Low concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) were detected in the BSFL, but no traces of aflatoxins were found. In conclusion, it is possible to take advantage of the readily available organic waste streams in Kenya to produce nutrient-rich BSFL-derived feed.
Genotype-phenotype association analysis identifies the role of α globin genes in modulating disease severity of β thalassaemia intermedia in Sri Lanka
Authors: Perera Shiromi , Allen Angela , Silva Ishari , Hapugoda Menaka , Wickramarathne M. Nirmali , Wijesiriwardena Indira , Allen Stephen , Rees David , Efremov Dimitar G. , Fisher Christopher A. , Weatherall David J. , Premawardhena Anuja 
Published: July 2019

Abstractβ thalassaemia intermedia (βTI) are a heterogeneous group of disorders known to be extremely phenotypically diverse. This group is more complex to manage as no definitive treatment guidelines exist unlike for β thalassaemia major (βTM). There are only a few studies looking at genotype phenotype associations of βTI outside the Mediterranean region. The reasons for the diverse clinical phenotype in βTI are unknown. We categorized fifty Sri Lankan patients diagnosed with βTI as mild, moderate or severe according to published criteria. DNA samples were genotyped for β thalassaemia mutations, α globin genotype and copy number and known genetic modifiers of haemoglobin F production. There were 26/50 (52.0%) in mild group and 12/50 (24.0%) each in moderate and sever categories. 18/26 (69.2%) classified as mild were β heterozygotes and 17/18 (94.4%) had excess α globin genes. 11/12 (91.6%) classified as moderate were β heterozygotes and 8/11 (72.2%) had excess α globin genes. In contrast, 8/12 (66.7%) classified as severe were β homozygotes and 7/8(87.5%) had α globin gene deletions. In Sri Lanka, co-inheritance of either excess α globin genes in β thalassaemia heterozygotes or α globin gene deletions in β thalassaemia homozygotes is a significant factor in modulating disease severity.
Acoustic Breathiness Index for the Japanese-Speaking Population: Validation Study and Exploration of Affecting Factors
Authors: Hosokawa Kiyohito , von Latoszek Ben Barsties , Ferrer-Riesgo Carlos Ariel , Iwahashi Toshihiko , Iwahashi Mio , Iwaki Shinobu , Kato Chieri , Yoshida Misao , Umatani Masanori , Miyauchi Akira , Matsushiro Naoki , Inohara Hidenori , Ogawa Makoto , Maryn Youri 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were to validate the Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI) for the Japanese-speaking population and to determine whether it is independent of factors such as sex, age, and perceptual ratings of roughness.MethodFirst, the concurrent validity of the ABI for perceptual breathiness was evaluated on the concatenations of continuous speech and sustained vowels from 288 patients with varying degrees of dysphonia. The diagnostic accuracy was examined on 343 samples with 55 additional normophonic speakers. Second, the validity related to responsiveness-to-change was estimated on 222 samples obtained before and after interventions for 111 voice-disordered patients. Third, the relationships between the ABI and other variables (i.e., perceptual hoarseness/breathiness/roughness, sex, and age) were explored using bivariate and multivariate analyses for the 288 patients.ResultsFirst, the concurrent validity and the responsiveness-to-change validity were confirmed by strong correlation coefficients of .890 and .878, respectively. Second, the receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the area under the curve to be 0.939, indicating excellent accuracy. The ABI of 3.44 exhibited a sensitivity of 76.3% and a specificity of 94.1%. Third, although bivariate analyses revealed a weak relationship between ABI and roughness and an ABI difference by age, multiple regression analyses showed a strong relation between only ABI and breathiness, without a meaningful contribution from roughness, sex, and age factors.ConclusionThe study confirmed that the ABI is an accurate and specific tool to estimate breathiness levels in the Japanese-speaking population and neither roughness, sex, nor age significantly affects the ABI.
Communication and Feeding/Swallowing Disorders in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Primer for the Pediatric Speech-Language Pathologist
Authors: Baylis Adriane L. , Madhoun Lauren L. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Communication disorders are a hallmark feature of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Complex feeding and swallowing difficulties are also frequently present in children with this syndrome. Every speech subsystem may be affected in 22q11DS, leading to a variety of speech sound, motor speech, resonance, and/or voice disorders. Language delays and persisting social/pragmatic deficits are also common.

Conclusion
The speech-language pathologist is key to both the diagnosis and treatment of speech-language difficulties and feeding/swallowing disorders in children with 22q11DS, from birth through adulthood. This tutorial provides a current overview of communication and feeding/swallowing disorders associated with 22q11DS and strategies for assessment and treatment. The role of the pediatric speech-language pathologist in the management of children with this syndrome across a variety of settings is discussed.
Application of renewable energy resources in a microgrid power system
Authors: Adefarati Temitope , Bansal Ramesh C. 
Published: July 2019

In order to meet the power prerequisites of their citizens, many countries are heavily dependent on the utilization of fossil fuels for power generation. This has reduced the natural reserve of fossil fuels and caused a large percentage of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). It is imperative to harness energy from renewable energy resources (RERs) as a measure to supplement the authors’ daily energy needs from the conventional units. The proposed microgrid system deals with the incorporation of the wind turbine generator (WTG), diesel generator, hydro turbine, photovoltaic and battery storage system for optimisation of net present cost (NPC), annualised cost of the system (ACS), GHG, fuel cost, operating costs and cost of energy (COE) by using hybrid optimisation model for electric renewables using HOMER software. The system is designed with the energy demand of 618 kWh/day at a peak load of 72.5 kW. The values of NPC, COE, ACS and fuel consumption obtained in the optimised configuration are $942,654/yr, $ 127,415, $0.327/kWh and 51,236 L/yr. The simulation results obtained from the optimised scenario reveal that the utilisation of RERs has been found to be a cost effective means to supply remote areas.
Metallicity, temperature, and gravity scales of M subdwarfs,
Authors: Lodieu N. , Allard F. , Rodrigo C. , Pavlenko Y. , Burgasser A. , Lyubchik Y. , Kaminsky B. , Homeier D. 
Published: July 2019

Aims. The aim of the project is to define metallicity/gravity/temperature scales for different spectral types of metal-poor M dwarfs.
Methods. We obtained intermediate-resolution ultraviolet (R ∼ 3300), optical (R ∼ 5400), and near-infrared (R ∼ 3900) spectra of 43 M subdwarfs (sdM), extreme subdwarfs (esdM), and ultra-subdwarfs (usdM) with the X-shooter spectrograph on the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. We compared our atlas of spectra to the latest BT-Settl synthetic spectral energy distribution over a wide range of metallicities, gravities, and effective temperatures to infer the physical properties for the whole M dwarf sequence (M0–M9.5) at sub-solar metallicities and constrain the latest atmospheric models.
Results. The BT-Settl models accurately reproduce the observed spectra across the 450–2500 nm wavelength range except for a few regions. We find that the best fits are obtained for gravities of log (g) = 5.0–5.5 for the three metal classes. We infer metallicities of [Fe/H] = −0.5, −1.5, and −2.0 ± 0.5 dex and effective temperatures of 3700–2600 K, 3800–2900 K, and 3700–2900 K for subdwarfs, extreme subdwarfs, and ultra-subdwarfs, respectively. Metal-poor M dwarfs tend to be warmer by about 200 ± 100 K and exhibit higher gravity than their solar-metallicity counterparts. We derive abundances of several elements (Fe, Na, K, Ca, Ti) for our sample but cannot describe their atmospheres with a single metallicity parameter. Our metallicity scale expands the current scales available for mildly metal-poor planet-host low-mass stars. Our compendium of moderate-resolution spectra covering the 0.45–2.5 micron range represents an important resource for large-scale surveys and space missions to come.
Wann mit der intensivierten Insulintherapie beginnen? – Der BeAM-Wert zur besseren Abschätzung einer prandialen Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kress Stephan , Borck Anja , Zisman Ariel , Bramlage Peter , Siegmund Thorsten 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDer BeAM-Wert ist ein kumulatives Maß der postprandialen Hyperglykämie. Er lässt sich aus der Blutglukosekonzentration vor dem Zubettgehen (Be) und der darauf folgenden Nüchternglukose am Morgen (AM) errechnen. In zwei retrospektiven Auswertungen von Daten aus Phase-III- und -IV-Studien wurde der Nutzen des BeAM-Wertes als Entscheidungshilfe für den Beginn der intensivierten Insulintherapie bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Patienten unter basalinsulinunterstützter oraler Therapie (BOT) dargelegt.Bei Patienten, deren Therapie von einer oralen antidiabetischen Therapie (OAD) auf eine basalinsulinunterstützte orale Therapie umgestellt wird, steigen Ausmaß der postprandialen Hyperglykämie und der BeAM-Wert an bei gleichzeitig sinkendem HbA1c-Wert und Nüchternglukose. Nach Umstellung auf eine intensivierte Insulintherapie fällt der BeAM-Wert und das Ausmaß der postprandialen Hyperglykämie geht zurück.Insbesondere Patienten mit einem BeAM-Wert > 50 mg/dl profitieren von der Umstellung auf eine intensivierte Insulintherapie. Ein negativer BeAM-Wert spricht gegen den Einstieg in die prandiale Insulintherapie.
Devastating Complications of Metal Strut Migration Following Pectus Excavatum Repair
Authors: Stajevic Mila , Bijelovic Milorad , Kosutic Jovan , Simic Radoje 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe modified Ravitch technique with metal struts and the Nuss operation have been the dominant operative techniques for treatment of pectus excavatum in the previous decades. We present devastating postoperative complications of a 16-year-old boy after the modified Ravitch procedure for a severe deformity utilizing two metal bars. Four months following surgery, one strut was removed after the displacement noted on a regular postoperative examination. Ten days after the strut removal, the patient complained of lower limb pain but the sensations were attributed to physical inactivity. Two months later, after pain intensification, the boy was diagnosed with bilateral arterial and venous lower limb thromboses and subsequently, the migration of the remaining metal strut intracardially with the free end in the left ventricular cavity embedded in massive thrombi. An urgent cardiac procedure was performed and the bar removed. Postoperatively, the boy made a full cardiac recovery but with severe neurological complications and subsequent death. Migration of metal struts is a rare complication and, except in our case, had been dealt with successfully. This case should emphasize more attention to the postoperative follow-up management of such patients.
Scaphoid Fracture Patterns—Part Two: Reproducibility and Demographics of a Simplified Scaphoid Fracture Classification
Authors: Drijkoningen Tessa , Mohamadi Amin , van Leeuwen Wouter F. , Schwarcz Yonatan , Ring David , Buijze Geert A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective To analyze the reproducibility, reliability, and demographics of a simplified anatomical scaphoid fracture classification based on posteroanterior radiographs using a large database of scaphoid fractures.
Methods The study consisted of a retrospective review of electronic medical records of 871 consecutive patients. All patients presented between 2003 and 2014 at two centers. Patient- and surgeon-related factors were analyzed. Additionally, interobserver reliability of the Herbert and simplified scaphoid fracture classifications were tested.
Results Proximal pole fractures were defined as fractures in which the center of the fracture line was proximal to the distal scapholunate interval (n = 30), waist fractures (n = 802) were defined as fractures involving the scaphocapitate interval, and distal tubercle fractures (n = 39) were defined as fractures involving the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) interval. The interobserver reliability of the simplified classification was fair (κ = 0.37) as for the Herbert classification (κ = 0.31). The average doubt of the answers of the observers was 2.1 on a scale from 0 to 10 for the simplified classification and 3.6 for the Herbert classification (P < 0.05).
Conclusions All complete fractures across the entire scaphoid distal to the scapholunate articulation and proximal to the STT joint can be classified as waist fractures; nonwaist scaphoid fractures are uncommon (6%) and have somewhat different presentations compared to waist fractures. Simplifying the fracture classification slightly improves interobserver reliability, although remaining fair, and significantly reduces doubt.
Level of Evidence This is a Level III, prognostic study.