bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Egg Albumin as a Protein Marker to Study Dispersal of Noctuidae in the Agroecosystem
Authors: Tavares C S , Paula-Moraes S V , Valencia-Jimenez A , Hunt T E , Vélez A M , Pereira E J G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Knowledge of dispersal and spatial dynamics of pest populations is fundamental for implementation of integrated pest management and integrated resistance management. This study evaluated 1) the effectiveness of egg white albumin protein to mark larvae and adults of two polyphagous and highly mobile pests, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (fall armyworm) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (corn earworm) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and 2) the sensitivity of polyvinylidene difluoride membrane (dot blot) in detecting albumin on marked insects. Laboratory and field experiments tested egg albumin as a protein marker, which was detected using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), microplate, and dot blot. In the laboratory, 100% of the moths sprayed with 20% egg white solution acquired the albumin marker, which was detected through the last time point tested (5 d) after application. Egg albumin was not effective at long-term marking of larvae, detected only prior the molting to the next instar. Albumin application in field cages resulted in a high percentage of moths detected as marked at 24 h and 5 d for both species. Egg albumin applied in the open field resulted in 15% of the recaptured corn earworm moths marked with most of them collected 150 m from the application area, although some were captured as far as 1,600 m within approximately 6 d after adult emergence. The results indicated egg albumin is a suitable marker to study the dispersion of fall armyworm and corn earworm in the agroecosystem and dot blot was as effective to detect egg albumin as was indirect ELISA.
Utility of emergency call centre, dispatch and ambulance data for syndromic surveillance of infectious diseases: a scoping review
Authors: Duijster Janneke W , Doreleijers Simone D A , Pilot Eva , van der Hoek Wim , Kommer Geert Jan , van der Sande Marianne A B , Krafft Thomas , van Asten Liselotte C H I 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSyndromic surveillance can supplement conventional health surveillance by analyzing less-specific, near-real-time data for an indication of disease occurrence. Emergency medical call centre dispatch and ambulance data are examples of routinely and efficiently collected syndromic data that might assist in infectious disease surveillance. Scientific literature on the subject is scarce and an overview of results is lacking.MethodsA scoping review including (i) review of the peer-reviewed literature, (ii) review of grey literature and (iii) interviews with key informants.ResultsForty-four records were selected: 20 peer reviewed and 24 grey publications describing 44 studies and systems. Most publications focused on detecting respiratory illnesses or on outbreak detection at mass gatherings. Most used retrospective data; some described outcomes of temporary systems; only two described continuously active dispatch- and ambulance-based syndromic surveillance. Key informants interviewed valued dispatch- and ambulance-based syndromic surveillance as a potentially useful addition to infectious disease surveillance. Perceived benefits were its potential timeliness, standardization of data and clinical value of the data.ConclusionsVarious dispatch- and ambulance-based syndromic surveillance systems for infectious diseases have been reported, although only roughly half are documented in peer-reviewed literature and most concerned retrospective research instead of continuously active surveillance systems. Dispatch- and ambulance-based syndromic data were mostly assessed in relation to respiratory illnesses; reported use for other infectious disease syndromes is limited. They are perceived by experts in the field of emergency surveillance to achieve time gains in detection of infectious disease outbreaks and to provide a useful addition to traditional surveillance efforts.
Differential pressure dependence of the complex conductivity of sandstones
Authors: Revil A , Ghorbani A , Mapeli C , Livo K , Prasad M 
Published: September 2019

SUMMARY
An experimental work is undertaken to understand the effect of the differential pressure (in the range 3–20.7 MPa) upon the complex conductivity of sedimentary rocks. We use five sandstone core samples from outcrops and a sandstone analog built from sintered glass beads. The spectra were fitted with a Cole–Cole complex conductivity model and the four Cole–Cole parameters were plotted as a function of the differential stress (in the range 3–20.7 MPa). The Cole–Cole relaxation times are analysed in terms of the evolution of the pore size with the differential pressure. Neither the relaxation time nor the Cole–Cole exponent show a strong dependence with the differential pressure indicating that the distribution of the relaxation times remains here roughly the same when the differential stress increases. More specifically, the Cole–Cole exponent does not describe the entire distribution of relaxation times, but the broadness of this distribution. Since the relaxation times are related to the pore sizes, this means that the pore sizes do not depend on the differential pressure in this case. The chargeability is essentially independent of the differential pressure and close to the upper value that can be reached in rocks without metallic particles. This also means that the conductivity of these rocks is dominated by their surface conductivity contribution considering the low pore water salinity used in this work. These results are interpreted thanks to the Stern layer polarization model. The Stern layer denotes the inner part of the electrical double layer coating the surface of the grains. The predictions of this model are mostly consistent with the data.
Effects of the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin on KOR agonist-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking
Authors: Funk Douglas , Coen Kathleen , Tamadon Sahar , Lê A D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Stress is associated with relapse to alcohol seeking during abstinence, but the processes underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Noradrenaline is a key transmitter in stress responses and in stress-induced drug seeking. The alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin has been investigated as a treatment for alcoholism and for chronic stress disorders that are frequently comorbid with alcoholism. In rats, we previously showed that prazosin blocks reinstatement of alcohol seeking induced by footshock and yohimbine stressors, and reduces yohimbine-induced brain activation. The role of alpha-1 adrenoceptors in reinstatement induced by other stressors is not known. Our most recent work is on the role of kappa opioid receptors (KOR) in stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking and have reported that the selective KOR agonist U50,488 induces reinstatement and neuronal activation in stress- and relapse-related brain regions. Here we determine the involvement of alpha-1 receptors in reinstatement and brain activation induced by U50,488.

Methods
We trained male Long-Evans rats to self-administer alcohol (12% w/v), extinguished alcohol-reinforced responding and then determined the effects of prazosin (1 mg/kg) on U50,488 (2.5 mg/kg)-induced reinstatement and regional Fos expression.

Results
Prazosin blocked U50,488-induced reinstatement and decreased U50,488-induced Fos expression in the OFC, NAC core, ventral BNST, CeA, BLA and VTA.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that prazosin may reduce U50,488-induced relapse by inhibiting activity in one or more of these brain areas.
Sociability in International Politics: Golf and ASEAN's Cold War Diplomacy
Authors: Nair Deepak 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSociability or “the play form of association” appears in a range of interactions in world politics sited at banquets, drinking gatherings, golf courses, and even the sauna. Notwithstanding this salience, the form and effects of sociability are poorly understood in International Relations. This article fills this gap. It conceptualizes sociability—its distinct sociological structure; its variations along class, race, and gender; its effects on social interaction—and argues that sociability matters in world politics. Specifically, sociability contributes to identity formation and community maintenance, enables learning, produces social capital, and generates a “backstage” where actors can manage disagreement. I substantiate this argument by examining the sociability fostered from playing golf in the diplomacy of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). I explain why golf emerged as a sociable practice in capitalist ASEAN's diplomacy in contrast to socialist and nonaligned circuits of Cold War Southeast Asia; examine the elite and male-homosocial character of this sociability; suggest how it influenced the Associations’ diplomacy; and outline the structural shifts that have led to its post–Cold War decline. This article contributes to the study of sociability in world politics, international practice theory, the political sociology of leisure, and the international politics of Southeast Asia.
Exploring the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for common respiratory tract infections in UK primary care
Authors: Stuart Beth , Brotherwood Hannah , Van’t Hoff Catherine , Brown Alastair , van den Bruel Ann , Hay Alastair D , Moore Michael , Little Paul 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To use illness severity scores to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in UK general practice.

Methods
We describe variations in practice prescribing rates, taking account of illness severity. We used three scores in three studies to measure severity: ‘FeverPAIN’ in an adult acute sore throat cohort (n = 12 829), the ‘3C score’ in an adult acute lower respiratory tract infection cohort (n = 28 883) and the STARWAVe score in an acute cough and respiratory infection children’s cohort (n = 8394). We calculated median ORs to quantify practice-level variation in prescribing rates, adjusted for illness severity.

Results
There was substantial variability in practice prescribing rates (ranges of 0%–97%, 7%–100% and 0%–75% in the three cohorts, respectively). There was evidence that higher prescribing practices saw a higher proportion of unwell patients. At the individual level, patients who were more unwell were more likely to receive a prescription, but prescribing levels for those with low scores were still high. The median OR was 2.5 (95% credible interval = 2.2–2.9) in the sore throat data set, 2.9 (95% credible interval = 2.6–3.2) in the adult cough data set and 2.1 (95% credible interval = 1.8–2.4) in the children’s cough data set.

Conclusions
Higher prescribing practices may see more unwell patients with high illness severity scores, but the differences in scores account for a minority of between-practice prescribing variation. There is likely to be scope for further reductions in antibiotic prescribing among patients with low illness severity scores. Further research is needed to explore the additional factors that account for variation in prescribing levels.
Human carriage of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli in North-East India: an analysis of STs and associated resistance mechanisms
Authors: Paul Deepjyoti , Babenko Dmitriy , Toleman Mark A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli STs and associated resistance mechanisms carried by the community in North-East India.

Methods
E. coli (108) were isolated from sewage collected from 19 sites across the city of Silchar by plating on MacConkey agar with/without selection (50 mg/L cefotaxime). Species identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS for 82 isolates. Common resistance mechanisms were determined by WGS of pooled E. coli isolates. PFGE combined with specific probes determined the presence of common resistance mechanisms in all isolates. Phylotypes, multilocus STs, core-genome multilocus STs, resistance genes and virulence genes were determined by in silico analysis of 38 genomes.

Results and conclusions
Analysis of isolates collected without selection (n = 33) indicated that cefotaxime resistance in E. coli was 42% (14/33) and estimated meropenem resistance at 9%. The remaining 58% (19/33) were additionally susceptible to ampicillin, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides. The most common ST among the cefotaxime-resistant E. coli was ST167 (29%), followed by ST410 (17%) and ST648 (10%). E. coli ST131 was absent from the collection. Sixty-three isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and harboured blaCTX-M-15 [54% (34/63)] or blaCMY-42 [46% (29/63)], of which 10% (6/63) harboured both genes. Carbapenem resistance was due to blaNDM-5, found in 10/63 cefotaxime-resistant isolates, and/or blaOXA-181, found in 4/63 isolates. NDM-5 was encoded by IncX3 and/or IncFII plasmids and CMY-42 was mostly encoded by IncI plasmids. NDM-5 appears to have replaced NDM-1 in this region and CMY-42 appears to be in the process of replacing CTX-M-15.
GRWD1 directly interacts with p53 and negatively regulates p53 transcriptional activity
Authors: Fujiyama Hiroki , Tsuji Takahiro , Hironaka Kensuke , Yoshida Kazumasa , Sugimoto Nozomi , Fujita Masatoshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Glutamate-rich WD40 repeat containing 1 (GRWD1) functions as a histone chaperone to promote loading of the MCM replication helicase at replication origins. GRWD1 is overexpressed in several cancer cell lines, and GRWD1 overexpression confers tumorigenic potential in human cells. However, less is known concerning its oncogenic activity. Our previous analysis showed that GRWD1 negatively regulates the tumour suppressor p53 via the RPL11-MDM2-p53 and RPL23-MDM2-p53 axes. Here, we demonstrate that GRWD1 directly interacts with p53 via the p53 DNA-binding domain. Upon DNA damage, GRWD1 downregulation resulted in increased p21 expression. Conversely, GRWD1 co-expression suppressed several p53-regulated promoters. GRWD1 interacted with the p21 and MDM2 promoters, and these interactions required p53. By using the Human Cancer Genome Atlas database, we found that GRWD1 expression levels are inversely correlated with the expression levels of some p53-target genes. Interestingly, high GRWD1 expression in combination with low expression levels of some p53-target genes was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in skin melanoma patients with wild-type p53. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel oncogenic function of GRWD1 as a transcriptional regulator of p53 and that GRWD1 might be an attractive therapeutic target and prognostic marker in cancer therapy.
Assessing Soybean Genotypes for Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Coelho M , Godoy A F , Baptista Y A , Bentivenha J P F , Lourenção A L , Baldin E L L , Catchot A L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest capable of colonizing several species of cultivated plants, including soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The primary management strategy for this insect is chemical control and adoption of Bt plants. However, alternative environmentally friendly strategies should be investigated and adopted as available for sustainable management of this insect pest. One potential underutilized method for insect control is plant resistance. The objective of this study was to categorize resistance (antixenosis and antibiosis) of 22 soybean genotypes on H. armigera in a laboratory setting. A preliminary experiment was conducted using soybean leaves and pods to determine the most promising genotypes for resistance. For each selected genotype, we collected biological parameters, leaf intake, and performed confinement tests. The genotypes PI 227687, PI 274453, PI 274454, PI 229358, PI 171451, ‘IAC 17’, and ‘IAC 19’ expressed resistance against H. armigera. Each genotype lowered larval survivorship. The genotypes PI 229358, PI 227687, PI 274453, and PI 274454 expressed resistance by prolonging larval development and reducing fifth-instar larvae weight. ‘IAC 19’ reduced leaf consumption and lowered the weight of fifth-instar larvae. Antixenosis was found in genotypes PI 227687, PI 274454, and ‘IAC 19’. These genotypes might be used in breeding programs focusing on soybean resistance to lepidopterans.
Functional Justiciability and the Existence of a Dispute: A Means of Jurisdictional Avoidance?
Authors: Casas Manuel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the recent Obligations concerning Negotiations relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament string of cases the International Court of Justice declined jurisdiction by holding that there was no dispute between the parties. This Article examines the Court’s treatment of the existence of a dispute (‘EoD’) jurisdictional objection; it does not purport to analyze the Court’s broader reliance on jurisdictional doctrines as a general means of avoiding cases.
From a doctrinal perspective, this Article argues that the Court's interpretation of the EoD objection in those cases is unpersuasive. Instead, the Article contends that the Court has relied on the existence of a dispute objection as a covert or functional justiciability doctrine. That is, as a ground for discretionarily declining jurisdiction or, to borrow a term from private international law, as an escape device. The Article considers that such jurisdictional avoidance may be normatively justified as a form of principled avoidance. Normatively, the decision to rely on a procedural technicality to avoid going into the merits of a potentially explosive case may be seen as a valid exercise of judicial self-restraint—something that can aid the Court navigate the tensions created by increased skepticism of international adjudication. And policy-wise, avoiding a case on a sensible subject-matter, that touches on core aspects of defense and national security, could be accepted as a way of side-stepping potential backlash.
Possibility and Peril: Trade Unionism, African Cold War, and the Global Strands of Kenyan Decolonization
Authors: McCann Gerard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Trade unionism was at the leading edge of African freedom struggle in the 1940s and 1950s. It was an incubator where different visions of decolonized futures vied for ascendency after WWII. This article analyzes international labor networks and trade union activism in Kenya to explore the entanglements of decolonization and Cold War from Africa in the 1940s to 1960s, an era when competing modes of anticolonial internationalism laid paths to independence. This story is told in two phases. Through Makhan Singh, the article assesses the influence of Indo-African connection, Marxism and the radical left on labor organization over the 1940s. Then, through Tom Mboya, the article charts Kenyan affiliation to the anticommunist International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) and American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) from the early 1950s. It shows how this internationalist volte-face transformed Kenya’s trade union landscape, propelled anticolonial agitation and, by the late 1950s, wrought irreparable fractures in fledgling pan-African institutions over the very nature of postcolonialism. The article argues that mobile African labor leaders coproduced, domesticated, and molded Cold War networks—that the conduits of early global Cold War agency ran both ways. Singh and Mboya were interlocutors in pluripotent world conversations marshaled for African decolonization. They also helped delineate the terms of global dialogue at a moment of neocolonial peril and decolonizing opportunity. This calls on historians to define alternative chronologies of globalist possibility masked by the tighter constraints placed on African states in the later twentieth century.
A Predictive Model for the Identification of Cardiac Effusions Misclassified by Light’s Criteria
Authors: Bai Wenjing , Chen Jiangnan , Mao Yijian , Wang Zhihui , Qian Xiaohong , Hu Xingzhong , Xu Ke , Pan Yong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The application of Light’s criteria misidentifies approximately 30% of transudates as exudates, particularly in patients on diuretics with cardiac effusions. The purpose of this study was to establish a predictive model to effectively identify cardiac effusions misclassified by Light’s criteria.

Methods
We retrospectively studied 675 consecutive patients with pleural effusion diagnosed by Light’s criteria as exudates, of which 43 were heart failure patients. A multivariate logistic model was developed to predict cardiac effusions. The performance of the predictive model was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, as well as by examining the calibration.

Results
It was found that protein gradient of &gt;23 g/L, pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (PF-LDH) levels, ratio of pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH level (P/S LDH), pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (PF-ADA) levels, and N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels had a significant impact on the identification of cardiac effusions, and those were simultaneously analyzed by multivariate regression analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) value of the model was 0.953. The model also had higher discriminatory properties than protein gradients (AUC, 0.760) and NT-pro-BNP (AUC, 0.906), all at a P value of &lt;.01.

Conclusion
In cases of suspected cardiac effusion, or where clinicians cannot identify the cause of an exudative effusion, this model may assist in the correct identification of exudative effusions as cardiac effusions.
English Editions and Works by English-Speaking Authors in Sigismund Zois’s Library
Authors: Svoljšak Sonja 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Baron Sigismund Zois of Ljubljana (1747–1819), who played a key role in the cultural and scientific advancement of the Enlightenment in Carniola, acquired an extensive book collection. Most of this collection, comprising 2,295 titles in approximately 5,000 volumes is now kept at the National and University Library in Ljubljana. This paper analyses a less known segment of Zois’s library, the English editions and works by English-speaking authors that make up more than ten per cent of his collection, in relation to his scientific interests and to other specific circumstances. An attempt is made to reconstruct the acquisition channels for these English editions, based on Zois’s remaining personal documents and correspondence. The collection was dispersed through the stacks during the 1820s and 1830s, and is currently being reconstructed as a part of the celebrations marking the 200th anniversary of Zois’s death.