bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of amyloid quantitation with florbetapir standardized uptake value ratios to the Centiloid scale
Authors: Navitsky Michael , Joshi Abhinay D. , Kennedy Ian , Klunk William E. , Rowe Christopher C. , Wong Dean F. , Pontecorvo Michael J. , Mintun Mark A. , Devous Michael D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionKlunk et al. recently proposed a means of standardizing quantitation of amyloid burden from positron emission tomography scans to a common Centiloid scale, and we have applied that method to florbetapir.MethodsFlorbetapir and Pittsburgh compound B scans were acquired for 46 mixed clinical presentation subjects within 18 ± 20 days. Florbetapir and Pittsburgh compound B cortical standardized uptake value ratio (SUVr) values were well correlated for both standard Centiloid (R2 = 0.894) and Avid (R2 = 0.901) volume of interests (VOIs). The methods of Klunk et al. were applied to establish a conversion first from florbetapir SUVr values obtained using standard Centiloid VOIs to Centiloids and then from Avid VOIs (Joshi et al.) to Centiloids.ResultsThe equation for conversion of florbetapir SUVr from Avid VOIs to the Centiloid scale was as follows: Florbetapir Centiloids = 183 × SUVrAvid − 177. The threshold that discriminated neuropathologically verified none or sparse versus moderate to frequent plaques in autopsy‐confirmed data is 24.1 Centiloids.DiscussionThese findings may allow improved tracer‐independent amyloid quantitation.
Financial structure and the development of domestic bond markets in emerging economies
Authors: Hardie Iain , Rethel Lena 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the period from the 1990s emerging market financial crises until the North Atlantic financial crisis of 2008, the development of domestic bond markets in developing economies was a prominent agenda item in international financial reform circles. The crises of the 1990s drew attention to the vulnerabilities generated by frequently occurring double mismatches of currency denominations and maturities in the borrowing of emerging economies. This led to a series of reform efforts targeted at both increasing liquidity and the range of borrowers in domestic bond markets. In the aggregate, these efforts were successful: For emerging market economies as a whole, domestic debt now exceeds international debt. Moreover, domestic corporate bond markets have emerged in many countries, often for the first time. However, the nature of market development has been far from uniform, and often has not been in line with government aims. In this paper, we examine the interplay of government and business actors in market development. Drawing on 155 interviews with policy and market actors as well as secondary data, we show that the main explanation of variation in market development lies in the pre-existing structure of financial markets, conceptualized as a heterogeneous set of interest/influence constellations.
Stumbling Towards the UK’s New Administrative Settlement: A Study of Competition Law Enforcement After Brexit
Authors: TOMLINSON Joe , LOVDAHL GORMSEN Liza 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhile there has been much talk of the role of parliaments and courts in the Brexit process, far less—indeed very little—has been said about the challenges facing the largest part of the UK government: the administrative branch. Whatever results from the UK’s negotiations with the EU, Brexit will likely necessitate wide-ranging and fast-paced administrative reform in the UK. In this article, we use a detailed case study of a particular part of administration—the Competition and Markets Authority (‘CMA’)—to highlight the nature and extent of the challenges facing administrative agencies. This case study is demonstrative as, while there is an extant UK competition administration structure, competition law and its enforcement are highly Europeanised. We propose that the challenges facing administrative bodies in the UK—including the CMA—can be understood as possessing three key dimensions: internal organisation issues; external coordination issues; and substantive legal issues. We argue that, in many instances, these three dimensions will be in tension which each other. That is to say, the reality of reforming administration post-Brexit will involve trade-offs between questions of internal organisation, external coordination, and substantive law.
Amoebiasis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Haghighi Ali , Riahi Seyed Mohammad , Taghipour Ali , Spotin Adel , Javanian Mostafa , Mohammadi Mohsen , Esmaeili Dooki Mohammadreza , Rostami Ali 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA comprehensive meta-analysis study was performed to estimate the reliable national prevalence and molecular epidemiology of amoebiasis in Iran. Nine English and Persian databases were searched to achieve the relevant studies. Pooled estimates were generated and meta-regression was performed. We identified 71 eligible articles involving 330 930 subjects from 25 provinces to be included in the final analysis. Moreover, 17 studies compromising 462 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive isolates performed molecular analysis to inter-species differentiation. The pooled prevalence ofEntamoebainfection among Iranian population was about 1% (95% CI 0.8–2.0%). Moreover, regarding Human Development Index (HDI), a higher prevalence was observed in undeveloped provinces. Out of 462 PCR-positive isolates, 83% (95% CI 69–94%) and 12% (95% CI 3–24%) wereEntamoeba dispar,Entamoeba histolytica, respectively. In subgroup analysis based on molecular results, in general, population prevalence ofEntamoeba disparandE. histolyticawere 91% (95% CI 80–99%) and 7%, (95% CI 0–19%), respectively, while prevalence of these species in patients with gastrointestinal disorders were 75% (95% CI 45–96%) and 18% (95% CI 1–43%), respectively. Our findings indicate the low burden of amoebiasis in Iran.E. dispar, that is mostly non-pathogenic, was identified as most prevalent species. Nevertheless, we suggest more public health interventions in areas with lower HDI.
Is there association between human development index and tuberculosis mortality risk? Evidence from a spatial analysis study in the south of Brazil
Authors: Santos D. T. , Nunes C. , Alves L. S. , Queiroz A. A. R. , Miranda M. J. , Arroyo L. H. , Yamamura M. , Belchior A. S. , Popolin M. P. , Arcoverde M. A. M. , Berra T. Z. , Ramos A. C. V. , Pinto I. C. , Palha P. F. , Gabardo B. M. A. , Dessunti E. M. , Arcêncio R. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe goal of this study was to analyse the spatial pattern of tuberculosis (TB) mortality using different approaches, namely: mortality rates (MR), spatial relative risks (RR) and Bayesian rates (Global and Local) and their association with human development index (HDI), Global and its three dimensions: education, longevity and income. An ecological study was developed in Curitiba, Brazil based on data from Mortality Information System (2008–2014). Spatial scan statistics were used to compute RR and identify high-risk clusters. Bivariate Local Indicator of Spatial Associations was used to assess associations. MR ranged between 0 and 25.24/100.000 with a mean (standard deviation) of 1.07 (2.66). Corresponding values for spatial RR were 0–27.46, 1.2 (2.99) and for Bayesian rates (Global and Local) were 0.49–1.66, 0.90 (0.19) and 0–6.59, 0.98 (0.80). High-risk clusters were identified for all variables, except for HDI-income and Global Bayesian rate. Significant negative spatial relations were found between MR and income; between RR and HDI global, longevity and income; and Bayesian rates with all variables. Some areas presented different patterns: low social development/low risk and high risk/high development. These results demonstrate that social development variables should be considered, in mortality due TB.
Parental stress and resilience in CHD: a new frontier for health disparities research
Authors: Lisanti Amy J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParental stress is a universal experience for parents who have children diagnosed with CHD and has been studied within the context of the child’s illness, but not through a broader health disparity lens. This paper provides a thorough synthesis of the current literature on parental stress addressing disparities in parents of children with CHD. Several theories and models from within this literature are described and a new comprehensive framework, the Parental Stress and Resilience in CHD Model, is presented. Future research and clinical implications are discussed.
Injectable antibacterial conductive nanocomposite cryogels with rapid shape recovery for noncompressible hemorrhage and wound healing
Authors: Zhao Xin , Guo Baolin , Wu Hao , Liang Yongping , Ma Peter X. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDeveloping injectable antibacterial and conductive shape memory hemostatic with high blood absorption and fast recovery for irregularly shaped and noncompressible hemorrhage remains a challenge. Here we report injectable antibacterial conductive cryogels based on carbon nanotube (CNT) and glycidyl methacrylate functionalized quaternized chitosan for lethal noncompressible hemorrhage hemostasis and wound healing. These cryogels present robust mechanical strength, rapid blood-triggered shape recovery and absorption speed, and high blood uptake capacity. Moreover, cryogels show better blood-clotting ability, higher blood cell and platelet adhesion and activation than gelatin sponge and gauze. Cryogel with 4 mg/mL CNT (QCSG/CNT4) shows better hemostatic capability than gauze and gelatin hemostatic sponge in mouse-liver injury model and mouse-tail amputation model, and better wound healing performance than Tegaderm™ film. Importantly, QCSG/CNT4 presents excellent hemostatic performance in rabbit liver defect lethal noncompressible hemorrhage model and even better hemostatic ability than Combat Gauze in standardized circular liver bleeding model.
Role of disordered bipolar complexions on the sulfur embrittlement of nickel general grain boundaries
Authors: Hu Tao , Yang Shengfeng , Zhou Naixie , Zhang Yuanyao , Luo Jian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMinor impurities can cause catastrophic fracture of normally ductile metals. Here, a classic example is represented by the sulfur embrittlement of nickel, whose atomic-level mechanism has puzzled researchers for nearly a century. In this study, coupled aberration-corrected electron microscopy and semi-grand-canonical-ensemble atomistic simulation reveal, unexpectedly, the universal formation of amorphous-like and bilayer-like facets at the same general grain boundaries. Challenging the traditional view, the orientation of the lower-Miller-index grain surface, instead of the misorientation, dictates the interfacial structure. We also find partial bipolar structural orders in both amorphous-like and bilayer-like complexions (a.k.a. thermodynamically two-dimensional interfacial phases), which cause brittle intergranular fracture. Such bipolar, yet largely disordered, complexions can exist in and affect the properties of various other materials. Beyond the embrittlement mechanism, this study provides deeper insight to better understand abnormal grain growth in sulfur-doped Ni, and generally enriches our fundamental understanding of performance-limiting and more disordered interfaces.
APC2 controls dendrite development by promoting microtubule dynamics
Authors: Kahn Olga I. , Schätzle Philipp , van de Willige Dieudonnée , Tas Roderick P. , Lindhout Feline W. , Portegies Sybren , Kapitein Lukas C. , Hoogenraad Casper C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMixed polarity microtubule organization is the signature characteristic of vertebrate dendrites. Oppositely oriented microtubules form the basis for selective cargo trafficking in neurons, however the mechanisms that establish and maintain this organization are unclear. Here, we show that APC2, the brain-specific homolog of tumor-suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), promotes dynamics of minus-end-out microtubules in dendrites. We found that APC2 localizes as distinct clusters along microtubule bundles in dendrites and that this localization is driven by LC8-binding and two separate microtubule-interacting domains. Depletion of APC2 reduces the plus end dynamics of minus-end-out oriented microtubules, increases microtubule sliding, and causes defects in dendritic morphology. We propose a model in which APC2 regulates dendrite development by promoting dynamics of minus-end-out microtubules.
Dynamic and programmable morphology and size evolution via a living hierarchical self-assembly strategy
Authors: Wang Xing , Gao Peiyuan , Yang Yanyu , Guo Hongxia , Wu Decheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent advances in the preparation of shape-shifting and size-growing nanostructures are hot topics in development of nanoscience, because many intelligent functions are always relied on their shape and dimension. Here we report a tunable manipulation of sequential self-assembled transformation in situ via a hierarchical assembly strategy based on a living thiol–disulfide exchange reaction. By tailoring the external stimuli, the reactive points can be generated at the ends of initially unimolecular micelles, which subsequently drive the pre-assemblies to periodically proceed into the hierarchically micellar connection, axial growth, bending, and cyclization processes from nanoscopic assemblies to macroscopic particles. Of particular interest would be systems that acquired the shape control and size adjustment of self-assemblies after termination or reactivation of disulfide reshuffling reaction by regulating external stimuli whenever needed. Such a hierarchical strategy for self-assembled evolution is universally applicable not only for other disulfide-linked dendritic polymers but also for exploitation of biological applications.
A potentially abundant junctional RNA motif stabilized by m6A and Mg2+
Authors: Liu Bei , Merriman Dawn K. , Choi Seung H. , Schumacher Maria A. , Plangger Raphael , Kreutz Christoph , Horner Stacy M. , Meyer Kate D. , Al-Hashimi Hashim M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractN6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant post-transcriptional RNA modification that influences multiple aspects of gene expression. In addition to recruiting proteins, m6A can modulate RNA function by destabilizing base pairing. Here, we show that when neighbored by a 5ʹ bulge, m6A stabilizes m6A–U base pairs, and global RNA structure by ~1 kcal mol−1. The bulge most likely provides the flexibility needed to allow optimal stacking between the methyl group and 3ʹ neighbor through a conformation that is stabilized by Mg2+. A bias toward this motif can help explain the global impact of methylation on RNA structure in transcriptome-wide studies. While m6A embedded in duplex RNA is poorly recognized by the YTH domain reader protein and m6A antibodies, both readily recognize m6A in this newly identified motif. The results uncover potentially abundant and functional m6A motifs that can modulate the epitranscriptomic structure landscape with important implications for the interpretation of transcriptome-wide data.
Responsible sharing of biomedical data and biospecimens via the “Automatable Discovery and Access Matrix” (ADA-M)
Authors: Woolley J. Patrick , Kirby Emily , Leslie Josh , Jeanson Francis , Cabili Moran N. , Rushton Gregory , Hazard James G. , Ladas Vagelis , Veal Colin D. , Gibson Spencer J. , Tassé Anne-Marie , Dyke Stephanie O. M. , Gaff Clara , Thorogood Adrian , Knoppers Bartha Maria , Wilbanks John , Brookes Anthony J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGiven the data-rich nature of modern biomedical research, there is a pressing need for a systematic, structured, computer-readable way to capture, communicate, and manage sharing rules that apply to biomedical resources. This is essential for responsible recording, versioning, communication, querying, and actioning of resource sharing plans. However, lack of a common “information model” for rules and conditions that govern the sharing of materials, methods, software, data, and knowledge creates a fundamental barrier. Without this, it can be virtually impossible for Research Ethics Committees (RECs), Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), Data Access Committees (DACs), biobanks, and end users to confidently track, manage, and interpret applicable legal and ethical requirements. This raises costs and burdens of data stewardship and decreases efficient and responsible access to data, biospecimens, and other resources. To address this, the GA4GH and IRDiRC organizations sponsored the creation of the Automatable Discovery and Access Matrix (ADA-M, read simply as “Adam”). ADA-M is a comprehensive information model that provides the basis for producing structured metadata “Profiles” of regulatory conditions, thereby enabling efficient application of those conditions across regulatory spheres. Widespread use of ADA-M will aid researchers in globally searching and prescreening potential data and/or biospecimen resources for compatibility with their research plans in a responsible and efficient manner, increasing likelihood of timely DAC approvals while also significantly reducing time and effort DACs, RECs, and IRBs spend evaluating resource requests and research proposals. Extensive online documentation, software support, video guides, and an Application Programming Interface (API) for ADA-M have been made available.
Subcellular Imaging of Liquid Silicone Coated-Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Nirmalraj Peter , Lehner Roman , Thompson Damien , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Mayer Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSurface contamination and the formation of water bridge at the nanoscopic contact between an atomic force microscope tip and cell surface limits the maximum achievable spatial resolution on cells under ambient conditions. Structural information from fixed intestinal epithelial cell membrane is enhanced by fabricating a silicone liquid membrane that prevents ambient contaminants and accumulation of water at the interface between the cell membrane and the tip of an atomic force microscope. The clean and stable experimental platform permits the visualisation of the structure and orientation of microvilli present at the apical cell membrane under standard laboratory conditions together with registering topographical features within a microvillus. The method developed here can be implemented for preserving and imaging contaminant-free morphology of fixed cells which is central for both fundamental studies in cell biology and in the emerging field of digital pathology.
Evaluation of in vitro neuronal platforms as surrogates for in vivo whole brain systems
Authors: Belle Anna M. , Enright Heather A. , Sales Ana Paula , Kulp Kristen , Osburn Joanne , Kuhn Edward A. , Fischer Nicholas O. , Wheeler Elizabeth K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractQuantitatively benchmarking similarities and differences between the in vivo central nervous system and in vitro neuronal cultures can qualify discrepancies in functional responses and establish the utility of in vitro platforms. In this work, extracellular electrophysiology responses of cortical neurons in awake, freely-moving animals were compared to in vitro cultures of dissociated cortical neurons. After exposure to two well-characterized drugs, atropine and ketamine, a number of key points were observed: (1) significant differences in spontaneous firing activity for in vivo and in vitro systems, (2) similar response trends in single-unit spiking activity after exposure to atropine, and (3) greater sensitivity to the effects of ketamine in vitro. While in vitro cultures of dissociated cortical neurons may be appropriate for many types of pharmacological studies, we demonstrate that for some drugs, such as ketamine, this system may not fully capture the responses observed in vivo. Understanding the functionality associated with neuronal cultures will enhance the relevance of electrophysiology data sets and more accurately frame their conclusions. Comparing in vivo and in vitro rodent systems will provide the critical framework necessary for developing and interpreting in vitro systems using human cells that strive to more closely recapitulate human in vivo function and response.
Microphotonic needle for minimally invasive endoscopic imaging with sub-cellular resolution
Authors: Tadayon Mohammad Amin , Pavlova Ina , Martyniuk Kelly Marie , Mohanty Aseema , Roberts Samantha Pamela , Barbosa Felippe , Denny Christine Ann , Lipson Michal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUltra-compact micro-optical elements for endoscopic instruments and miniaturized microscopes allow for non-invasive and non-destructive examination of microstructures and tissues. With sub-cellular level resolution such instruments could provide immediate diagnosis that is virtually consistent with a histologic diagnosis enabling for example to differentiate the boundaries between malignant and benign tissue. Such instruments are now being developed at a rapid rate; however, current manufacturing technologies limit the instruments to very large sizes, well beyond the sub-mm sizes required in order to ensure minimal tissue damage. We show here a platform based on planar microfabrication and soft lithography that overcomes the limitation of current optical elements enabling single cell resolution. We show the ability to resolve lithographic features that are as small as 2 μm using probes with a cross section that is only 100 microns in size. We also show the ability to image individual activated neural cells in brain slices via our fabricated probe.
Differentially Methylated Genes in Saliva are linked to Childhood Stress
Authors: Papale Ligia A. , Seltzer Leslie J. , Madrid Andy , Pollak Seth D. , Alisch Reid S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChronic and severe stress exposure in early childhood is associated with the development of psychiatric disorders. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Here, we profile molecular marks (DNA methylation and gene expression) throughout the human genome to determine the associations between childhood stress exposure and gene regulation. To do so, we collected saliva tissue from prepubertal girls (mean age 10.9 ± 1.26 years) who had experienced different levels of childhood adversity, ranging from mild to severe. We found 122 differentially methylated genes (FDR P-value < 0.05) associated with high childhood stress exposures that affect brain development. Of these differentially methylated genes, 12 also differed in gene expression. To further investigate the potential effects of stress exposure on gene regulation, we examined the DNA sequences flanking all the differentially methylated loci. This analysis revealed enrichment of known binding sites for transcription factors, suggesting that DNA methylation may regulate gene expression by mediating transcription factor binding on these genes. Together, these findings indicate a possible neuromolecular mechanism linking children’s social experiences with risk for anxiety and depressive disorders.