bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a counselling intervention implemented in antenatal setting for pregnant women facing domestic violence: a pre‐experimental study
Authors: Arora S , Deosthali PB , Rege S 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of a counselling intervention in antenatal care settings for pregnant women who report domestic violence.DesignPre‐experimental study with pretest‐posttest design.SettingsTwo public hospitals in Mumbai, India.SampleIn all, 2778 pregnant women accessing antenatal care (ANC) in the hospitals from February to November 2016 were approached for study participation; 2515 women consented. These women were screened by trained counsellors for domestic violence during pregnancy (domestic violence during pregnancy). Domestic violence during pregnancy was reported by 16.2% (408) of women. Of these, 155 women sought counselling services. Post‐intervention analyses were carried out with 142 women at 6 weeks post‐delivery; 13 women were not contactable.MethodsThe 442 women who reported domestic violence during pregnancy were provided a minimum of two counselling sessions by trained counsellors during their ANC visits. A counselling intake form was used to collect pre‐ and post‐intervention data.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy, change in women's ability to cope, safety, and health.ResultsPrevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy (16.1%) was comparable to those of common obstetric complications routinely screened for during ANC. In all, 60–65% women reported cognitive changes such as recognising impact of violence and need to speak out against it. In all, 50.7% women took action at the individual level to address domestic violence during pregnancy. This change was not statistically significant (P‐value 0.193). Of the women studied, 35.9% adopted at least one safety measure, and 84% of the women reported better health status post‐intervention.ConclusionsRoutine enquiry and counselling for domestic violence during pregnancy are effective in improving women's ability to cope, safety, and health.FundingThis study was funded by The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.Tweetable abstractImproving coping strategies, safety and health of pregnant women who reported domestic violence by providing counselling in antenatal care setting.
Review article: Interventions for people presenting to emergency departments with a mental health problem: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Johnston Amy NB , Spencer Melinda , Wallis Marianne , Kinner Stuart A , Broadbent Marc , Young Jesse T , Heffernan Ed , Fitzgerald Gerry , Bosley Emma , Keijzers Gerben , Scuffham Paul , Zhang Ping , Martin‐Khan Melinda , Crilly Julia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe number of people presenting to EDs with mental health problems is increasing. To enhance and promote the delivery of safe and efficient healthcare to this group, there is a need to identify evidence‐based, best‐practice models of care. This scoping review aims to identify and evaluate current research on interventions commenced or delivered in the ED for people presenting with a mental health problem. A systematic search of eight databases using search terms including emergency department, mental health, psyc* and interventions, with additional reference chaining, was undertaken. For included studies, level of evidence was assessed using the NHMRC research guidelines and existing knowledge was synthesised to map key concepts and identify current research gaps. A total of 277 papers met the inclusion criteria. These were grouped thematically into seven domains based on primary intervention type: pharmacological (n = 43), psychological/behavioural (n = 25), triage/assessment/screening (n = 28), educational/informational (n = 12), case management (n = 28), referral/follow up (n = 36) and mixed interventions (n = 105). There was large heterogeneity observed as to the level of evidence within each intervention group. The interventions varied widely from pharmacological to behavioural. Interventions were focused on either staff, patient or institutional process domains. Few interventions focused on multiple domains (n = 64) and/or included the patient's family (n = 1). The effectiveness of interventions varied. There is considerable, yet disconnected, evidence around ED interventions to support people with mental health problems. A lack of integrated, multifaceted, person‐centred interventions is an important barrier to providing effective care for this vulnerable population who present to the ED.
The shape is more important than we ever thought: Plant to plant interactions in a high mountain community
Authors: Pescador David S. , de la Cruz Marcelino , Chacón‐Labella Julia , Escudero Adrián 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Plant to plant interactions are probably the most important driver of species coexistence at fine spatial scales, but their detection represents a challenge in Ecology. Spatial point pattern analysis (SPPA) is likely the approach most used to identify them, however, it suffers from some limitations related to the over‐simplification of individuals to points.

Here, we propose a new approach called Overlapping Area Analysis (OAA) to test whether the consideration of the shape and orientation of the individuals reveal signs of interactions between species that would remain undetected with SPPA. We used this approach to analyse a fully mapped cryophilic grassland in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Spain), where the crown of each individual plant (i.e. the species canopy) was approximated by a polygon. We then computed and compared the total overlapping area between the canopy of a focal species and that of any other species in the community with the expectations of a null model of random rotation of each plant around its centroid. We complemented the results of our new approach by comparing with that of SPPA of plants’ centroids.

Results of OAA showed that up to 41% of species pairs had less canopy overlap than expected, suggesting that many interspecific canopy associations in this plant community were significantly negative at the finest spatial scale. Contrarily, SPPA estimated that 12% of species pairs were positively associated at spatial scales up to 20 cm, confirming the facilitative effect displayed by the main engineer in the community (Festuca curvifolia Lag.) and by some other dominant species.

Our new approach quantifying canopy associations provides new insights into the processes guiding community assembly. While the results of SPPA suggested the prevalence of traditional ‘stress gradient hypothesis’ (i.e. prevalence of positive interactions under stressful abiotic conditions), OAA revealed that many interspecific canopy associations were significantly negative. Overall, most facilitated species optimized this positive effect by placing their centroids as close to the benefactor species as their foraging behaviour allowed while avoiding crown overlap. The method proposed is available in a dedicated r‐package that will facilitate its application by other ecologists.
BA3‐SNPs: Contemporary migration reconfigured in BayesAss for next‐generation sequence data
Authors: Mussmann Steven M. , Douglas Marlis R. , Chafin Tyler K. , Douglas Michael E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Quantifying “demographic independence” is a vital step in establishing potential conservation units for a species in that it effectively distinguishes migration from within‐population reproduction. This is an important aspect because it allows for an accurate estimate of recruitment. For example, populations may be designated as 'management units' (=MUs) if indeed population growth results from local demography rather than immigration. Of additional interest is the calculation of immigrant ancestry and ascertainment of the temporal context over which immigration occurred. This is because MUs depend largely upon local (self‐sustaining) birth and death rates, and the quantification of ancestry is necessary to validate demographic independence. Dispersal rate is also of immediate interest to conservation biologists, and can be assessed by quantifying genetic divergence among populations. The capacity with which to gauge these benchmarks has now been extended herein to genome‐wide molecular data, in an attempt to adjust an analytical tool that was until now intractable for the next generation sequencing data.

In this study, a popular legacy program for migrant detection (i.e. BayesAss3) has been modified to accept SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) data. We validated BA3‐SNPs using empirical data to demonstrate its suitability for both high‐performance and desktop computing environments. We also facilitate high analytical throughput by presenting a binary search algorithm that automates MCMC (Markov chain Monte Carlo) parameter tuning.

Our BA3‐SNPs‐autotune program required five or fewer rounds of optimization for 99% of input files, with acceptable mixing parameters derived in 100% of our test cases. Runtime for BA3‐SNPs is a function of the number of loci analysed. Benchmarking yielded an average runtime <32 hr (10 million MCMC generations) for datasets containing thousands of SNPs.

The BA3 algorithm remains a viable option for analysing modern SNP datasets. Source code (C++ and Python) is released publicly under the GNU General Public License v3.0, and is available for download (Linux and Mac OSX) from the following URL: https://github.com/stevemussmann/.
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals genes related to the yolk ratio of duck eggs
Authors: Du X. , Ren J. D. , Xu X. Q. , Chen G. H. , Huang Y. , Du J. P. , Tao Z. R. , Cai Z. X. , Lu L. Z. , Yang H. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryYolk ratio is an important production index in the salted duck egg industry. Yolk constituents are deposited during development of follicles. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for different yolk ratios in laying ducks remains elusive. In this study, Shaoxing ducks laying eggs with different yolk ratios were chosen for an analysis of liver and ovary transcriptome information. Twelve libraries were constructed and generated an average of 58.5 million clean reads per library, of which 69% of clean reads from liver and 65% of clean reads from ovary were mapped to a reference genome. Between cross‐phenotype groups, a total of 250 and 230 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in liver and ovary respectively, of which 101 and 50 DEGs respectively were characterized. Several DEGs were detected, among which HMGCS1, HMGCR, FDFT1, (DHCR7), (STARD4), CYP46A1 and LPIN3 are involved in cholesterol metabolism‐related pathways; KIAA0319, STARD4, AP1S3, SH3GL2 and CAV2 are involved in vesicular transport in the liver; and ELOVL2 and PSD2 are involved in fatty acid elongation and endocytosis in the ovary. High yolk‐ratio ducks had higher activity for cholesterol synthesis and molecular trafficking. The identification of candidate genes greatly advances the understanding of the genetic basis of the formation of different yolk ratios.
Pigmentation of the aortic and pulmonary valves in C57BL/6J x Balb/cByJ hybrid mice of different coat colours
Authors: Sánchez‐Piña Jaira , Lorenzale Miguel , Fernández María Carmen , Durán Ana C. , Sans‐Coma Valentín , Fernández Borja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeural crest‐derived melanocytes have been recorded in several parts of the mammalian heart but not in the pulmonary valve. We report here the presence of melanin‐containing cells in the leaflets (cusps) of both the aortic and pulmonary valves. A total of 158 C57BL/6J x Balb/cByJ hybrid mice exhibiting four coat colours, namely black, white, agouti and non‐agouti brown, were examined. We sought for any relationship between the presence of melanocytes in the valves and the coat colour of the animals. The pigmentation levels of the leaflets were accomplished using a scale of five pigment intensities. White mice lacked pigment in the heart. In 10.5% of the remaining animals, there were melanocytes in the pulmonary valve leaflets. Thus, this is the first study to report the presence of such cells in the pulmonary valve of mammals. Melanocytes occurred in the leaflets of the aortic valves of 87.2% of mice. The incidence of melanocytes and the pigmentation level of the leaflets did not statistically differ according to the coat colours of the animals. This disagrees with previous observations, indicating that the amount of melanocytes in the heart reflects that of the skin. The incidence and distribution of melanocytes in aortic and pulmonary valves are consistent with the notion that the formation of the arterial valves is mediated by specific subpopulations of neural crest cells. We hypothesize that melanocytes, even not producing melanin, may be more frequent in the heart than previously thought, exerting presumably an immunological function.
Hidradenitis suppurativa and polycystic ovarian syndrome: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Phan Kevin , Charlton Olivia , Smith Saxon D 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesHidradenitis suppurativa has been associated with a number of pathologies, including various endocrine and autoimmune disorders. Although signs of hyperandrogenism are common in hidradenitis suppurativa, few formal studies have assessed the relationship between hidradenitis suppurativa and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the association between hidradenitis suppurativa and polycystic ovarian syndrome.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. Odds ratio was used as the effect size, with random‐effects meta‐analysis.ResultsWe identified five case‐control studies for inclusion. From pooled data, we found a significantly higher proportion of polycystic ovarian syndrome in hidradenitis suppurativa cases compared with controls (OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.69–4.11; P < 0.00001). There was significant heterogeneity noted (I2 = 88%, P < 0.00001). Limitations included that studies reviewed were observational by design which are susceptible to bias, and lack of randomisation.ConclusionsIn summary, pooled analysis of existing case‐control studies supports a significant association between hidradenitis suppurativa and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Our results imply that hidradenitis suppurativa patients with signs of hyperandrogenism may benefit from screening for polycystic ovarian syndrome, and may potentially benefit from anti‐androgen therapy.
Hyperhomocysteinaemia and the risk of recurrent venous thrombosis: results from the MEGA follow‐up study
Authors: Hensen Annefleur D. O. , Lijfering Willem M. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , Rosendaal Frits R. , van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe measurement of homocysteine is still part of routine thrombosis or thrombophilia work‐up in many thrombosis centres in the world. Previous observational studies have shown that hyperhomocysteinaemia is associated with an increased risk of first and recurrent venous thrombosis (VT). Randomised trials, however, showed no benefit of homocysteine‐lowering therapy on the risk of first or recurrent VT. This discrepancy could be explained by incomplete adjustment for confounders in the observational studies. We investigated in a large population‐based follow‐up study whether if the levels of homocysteine and its metabolites, methionine and cysteine, were associated with recurrent VT. Approximately three months after discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment, homocysteine, methionine and cysteine concentrations were measured in 2210 patients with VT. During a median follow‐up of 6·9 years, 340 patients developed a recurrence (incidence rate, 2·8/100 patient‐years). We found that elevated homocysteine concentrations were not associated with an increased risk of recurrent VT, neither as a continuous variable per 5 μmol/l increase (hazard ratio [HR] 0·98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0·90–1·04)) nor when levels were >95th (>23·0 μmol/l) percentile (HR 1·03 (95% CI, 0·65–1·64)). Similar results were obtained for cysteine and methionine values. We conclude that hyperhomocysteinaemia is not associated with an increased risk of recurrent VT.
MWCNT‐7 administered to the lung by intratracheal instillation induces development of pleural mesothelioma in F344 rats
Authors: Numano Takamasa , Higuchi Hitomi , Alexander David B. , Alexander William T. , Abdelgied Mohamed , El‐Gazzar Ahmed M. , Saleh Dina , Takase Hiroshi , Hirose Akihiko , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Suzuki Shugo , Takahashi Satoru , Tsuda Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotube‐7 (MWCNT‐7) fibers are biopersistent and have a structure similar to asbestos. MWCNT‐7 has been shown to induce malignant mesothelioma when administered by intrascrotal or intraperitoneal injection in rats and mice, and an inhalation study demonstrated that rats exposed to respirable MWCNT‐7 developed lung tumors. MWCNT‐N, which is similar to MWCNT‐7, was shown to induce both lung tumors and malignant mesothelioma in rats when administered by trans‐tracheal intrapulmonary spraying (TIPS). The present study was performed to investigate the carcinogenicity of MWCNT‐7 when administered by the TIPS method. Ten‐week‐old male F344/Crj rats were divided into 3 groups and administered 0.5 mL vehicle, 0.250 μg/mL MWCNT‐7 or 0.250 μg/mL crocidolite once a week for 12 weeks (total doses of 1.5 mg/rat) and then observed for up to 104 weeks. Rats in the MWCNT‐7 group began to die from pathologies associated with the development of malignant mesothelioma 35 weeks after the final TIPS administration. Overall, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma in the MWCNT‐7 group was significantly higher than in the vehicle or crocidolite groups.
Muscle spindle reinnervation using transplanted embryonic dorsal root ganglion cells after peripheral nerve transection in rats
Authors: Asano Kenichi , Nakano Tomonori , Tokutake Katsuhiro , Ishii Hisao , Nishizuka Takanobu , Iwatsuki Katsuyuki , Onishi Tetsuro , Kurimoto Shigeru , Yamamoto Michiro , Tatebe Masahiro , Hirata Hitoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesMuscle spindles are proprioceptive receptors in the skeletal muscle. Peripheral nerve injury results in a decreased number of muscle spindles and their morphologic deterioration. However, the muscle spindles recover when skeletal muscles are reinnervated with surgical procedures, such as nerve suture or nerve transfer. Morphological changes in muscle spindles by cell transplantation procedure have not been reported so far. Therefore, we hypothesized that transplantation of embryonic sensory neurons may improve sensory neurons in the skeletal muscle and reinnervate the muscle spindles.Materials and methodsWe collected sensory neurons from dorsal root ganglions of 14‐day‐old rat embryos and prepared a rat model of peripheral nerve injury by performing sciatic nerve transection and allowing for a period of one week before which we performed the cell transplantations. Six months later, the morphological changes of muscle spindles in the cell transplantation group were compared with the naïve control and surgical control groups.ResultsOur results demonstrated that transplantation of embryonic dorsal root ganglion cells induced regeneration of sensory nerve fibre and reinnervation of muscle spindles in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, calbindin D‐28k immunoreactivity in intrafusal muscle fibres was maintained for six months after denervation in the cell transplantation group, whereas it disappeared in the surgical control group.ConclusionsCell transplantation therapies could serve as selective targets to modulate mechanosensory function in the skeletal muscle.
Geographic variation in dispersal distance facilitates range expansion of a lake shore plant in response to climate change
Authors: LaRue Elizabeth A. , Emery Nancy C. , Briley Laura , Christie Mark R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimGeographic variation in dispersal abilities is widespread and likely to affect species' range dynamics in response to climate change. However, distribution models that predict climate‐induced range shifts do not account for spatial variation in dispersal. We developed an eco‐genetic model to investigate how variation in dispersal distances across a species' range could interact with climate‐induced selection and alter predicted range dynamics in a species with documented variation in dispersal traits.LocationWe investigated the range of an annual plant, Cakile edentula var. lacustris, which occupies beaches spanning a 555 km latitudinal gradient along the Laurentian Great Lakes.MethodsWe built a hybrid model that combines climatic niche modelling, based on decadal climate projections, with an individual‐based model that allows for evolutionary processes to act upon a heritable dispersal kernel. We evaluated how spatial variation in dispersal distance and dispersal evolution influenced range dynamics, spatial and temporal variation in dispersal, and the distribution of neutral genetic variation. The model was parametrized with data on C. edentula's distribution, life history and dispersal characteristics.ResultsGeographic variation in dispersal distance, adaptive dispersal evolution and dispersal distance increased the potential for local populations of C. edentula to keep pace with changing climatic conditions through range shifts. Dispersal distances always increased at the expanding and contracting range edges when dispersal was allowed to evolve. Furthermore, scenarios where dispersal distances were initially lower at the range edges resulted in the largest evolutionary changes over 105 years (>1.5 km increase in mean distance at northern edge). Adaptive dispersal evolution always reduced neutral genetic diversity across the species' range.Main conclusionsVariation in dispersal abilities across C. edentula's range and adaptive evolution led to different predicted outcomes in range dynamics during climate change illustrating the importance of including spatial variation in dispersal into species distribution models.
Impact of the Diabetes Inpatient Care and Education (DICE) project on length of stay and mortality
Authors: Akiboye F. , Adderley N. J. , Martin J. , Gokhale K. , Rudge G. M. , Marshall T. P. , Rajendran R. , Nirantharakumar K. , Rayman G. ,   the DICE team
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo determine whether the Diabetes Inpatient Care and Education (DICE) programme, a whole‐systems approach to managing inpatient diabetes, reduces length of stay, in‐hospital mortality and readmissions.Research design and methodsDiabetes Inpatient Care and Education initiatives included identification of all diabetes admissions, a novel DICE care‐pathway, an online system for prioritizing referrals, use of web‐linked glucose meters, an enhanced diabetes team, and novel diabetes training for doctors. Patient administration system data were extracted for people admitted to Ipswich Hospital from January 2008 to June 2016. Logistic regression was used to compare binary outcomes (mortality, 30‐day readmissions) 6 months before and after the intervention; generalized estimating equations were used to compare lengths of stay. Interrupted time series analysis was performed over the full 7.5‐year period to account for secular trends.ResultsBefore‐and‐after analysis revealed a significant reduction in lengths of stay for people with and without diabetes: relative ratios 0.89 (95% CI 0.83, 0.97) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.90, 0.96), respectively; however, in interrupted time series analysis the change in long‐term trend for length of stay following the intervention was significant only for people with diabetes (P=0.017 vs P=0.48). Odds ratios for mortality were 0.63 (0.48, 0.82) and 0.81 (0.70, 0.93) in people with and without diabetes, respectively; however, the change in trend was not significant in people with diabetes, while there was an apparent increase in those without diabetes. There was no significant change in 30‐day readmissions, but interrupted time series analysis showed a rising trend in both groups.ConclusionThe DICE programme was associated with a shorter length of stay in inpatients with diabetes beyond that observed in people without diabetes.