bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large In-mask Motion during Frameless Radiosurgery of a Brain Metastasis
Authors: Furtak Jacek , Harat Maciej 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFrameless radiosurgery is now a common alternative to traditional in-frame treatment. Several dosimetric studies have reported small in-mask positioning inaccuracies during frameless radiosurgery. We present a case of an uncommonly large deviation in in-mask motion detected offline in a patient undergoing linear accelerator–based frameless radiosurgery. Our case illustrates how the use of a thermoplastic mask can lead to unacceptable setup errors for passive image-guided radiosurgery. The case underlines the need for correct patient preparation, adequate time between mask molding and computed tomography, and routine intrafraction imaging. Image-guided positioning is recommended to achieve clinically acceptable setup accuracy (< 1 mm) for stereotactic radiosurgery.
Intraoperative Ultrasound Appearance of a Pancreatic Cerebral Metastasis: A Case Report
Authors: Barzaghi Lina , Capitanio Jody , Cavalli Andrea , Panni Pietro , Snider Silvia , Mortini Pietro , Donofrio Carmine 
Published: July 2018

Background Brain metastases (BMs) derived from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) have an extremely low incidence (0.1–0.4%) and are usually associated with a very poor prognosis. The treatment strategy is palliative and includes conventional radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, chemotherapy, and surgical resection.
Case Description A 39-year-old man with a history of PAC developed a systemic tumor relapse with intracranial progression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) documented a right rolandic, cortical, and cystic lesion with leptomeningeal intrasulcular extension. The intraoperative ultrasound (iUS) depicted a hyperechogenic area surrounding the anechogenic cystic lesion and allowed us to obtain gross total resection of the tumor.
Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, we describe for the first time the iUS aspect of a pancreatic BM. In this case the use of iUS allowed us to increase the extent of resection and surgical safety, thus reducing the risk of new postoperative neurologic deficits.
Postoperative Reduction of Intraventricular Hemorrhage Volume: Single- Versus Dual-Catheter Drainage
Authors: Hussain Syed , Raza Asif , Asif Hafiz , Ahmad Usman , Ashraf Naveed , Shahid Saman 
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims The use of single/dual external ventricular drains (EVD) for reducing intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is under investigation. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare postoperative reduction of IVH volume using single- and dual-catheter drainage in spontaneous IVH patients. We investigated factors that may influence an effective hematoma volume reduction by EVDs.
Materials and Methods The average cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage volumes were analyzed. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on admission, 24 hours and 48 hours after EVD placement, and then on days 5 and 8. Patient group 1 was treated with a single EVD; patient group 2 was treated with bilateral EVDs. The IVH volume was calculated in all ventricles. A multivariate analysis was conducted to investigate variables that can influence the extent of hematoma volume reduction with a bilateral EVD. Regression followed by a Pearson correlation was performed to observe the strength of association of cofounders with the IVH volume reduction.
Results The percentage of IVH volume change was found to be significantly higher in the dual-catheter group compared with the single-catheter group (p = 0.0034) after 5 days of EVD. The mean reduction in IVH volume was 17.36 (mL) in patients ≤ 45 years of age and 20.50 (mL) in patients > 45 years. The multivariate analysis suggested the following significant predictors for IVH volume reduction: age of the patient (p = 0.011) and longer duration (days) of EVD (p = 0.028). The age of the patient had a weak positive association and duration of EVD had a positive association with the IVH volume reduction.
Conclusion Intraventricular drainage via bilateral EVDs may provide a better draining of blood-mixed CSF because it led to faster clot clearance. It is suggested that a longer duration of bilateral EVDs may lead to a greater reduction in IVH volume. Older patients may experience a greater IVH volume reduction by EVD because the volume of CSF increases with cerebral atrophy.
Continuous Minor Bleeding from Tumor Surface in Patients with Craniopharyngiomas: Case Series of Nonobstructive Hydrocephalus
Authors: Shoji Takuhiro , Ogawa Yoshikazu , Watanabe Mika , Fujimura Miki , Tominaga Teiji , Kawaguchi Tomohiro 
Published: July 2018

Nonobstructive hydrocephalus in patients with craniopharyngiomas is uncommon. We describe our surgical series of 25 consecutive patients with craniopharyngioma who presented with hydrocephalus. Obstructive hydrocephalus was evident in most cases, and nonobstructive hydrocephalus was revealed in three cases. Even after improvement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathway obstruction by tumor removal, 10 patients (40%) required CSF diversion. Preoperative imaging study revealed thin intraventricular hemorrhage or superficial siderosis in five cases, and CSF examination revealed hemosiderin-laden phagocytes in one case. These findings indicate continuous bleeding into the CSF that might be associated with CSF malabsorption. We also describe a representative case of craniopharyngioma associated with nonobstructive hydrocephalus due to continuous minor bleeding from the tumor surface in a 62-year-old man with a complaint of disorientation and a decline in daily living activity.Our study demonstrated that minor bleeding into the CSF is a possible mechanism of the development of nonobstructive hydrocephalus in patients with craniopharyngiomas.
Interaction of Plasmin with Tranexamic Acid and α2 Plasmin Inhibitor in the Plasma and Clot
Authors: Takada Akikazu , Ito Takeshi , Takada Yumiko 
Published: July 2018

SummaryInteraction of urokinase (UK) activated plasmin with tranexamic acid and α2 plasmin inhibitor (α2PI) was studied by using a chromogenic substrate (S-2251) and immunoelectrophoresis. Plasma was activated by UK (P+U) in the presence of tranexamic acid (P+U + t) or in the presence of thrombin (P+U+thr) and thrombin plus tranexamic acid (P+U+thr+t). These mixtures were incubated for 10, 20, and 30 min at 37°C, then an aliquot of each mixture was added to S-2251, and incubated for 3 or 10 min at 37°C. Hydrolysis of S-2251 after 3 min incubation was significant in the presence of tranexamic acid or clot formation, thus the presence of tranexamic acid or clot formation enhancing the UK activation of plasminogen in both plasma and clot. Hydrolysis of S-2251 after 10 min incubation was higher in the presence of tranexamic acid than in its absence or clot formation without tranexamic acid. Tranexamic acid seems to be more effective in enhancement of activation of plasminogen by UK than clot formation. Plasmin formed by UK was coexistent with α2PI in the plasma in contrast to a purified system in which α2PI formed a complex with plasmin instantaneously. In an even purified system, clot formation and the presence of tranexamic acid protected plasmin from its inactivation by α2PI to some extent.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Spero Joel A , Lewis Jessica H , Hasiba Ute 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn analysis was made of 346 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) diagnosed by utilizing a combination of laboratory tests which reflect the pathophysiology of the syndrome. The goals of the study were three fold: 1) to compare our clinical disease categories with those of other investigators, 2) to re-evaluate the diagnostic tests and, 3) most importantly, to report the results of tests infrequently performed when evaluating DIC. The patients fell into the following groups: 1) infection – 26%, 2) malignancy – 24%, 3) surgery and trauma – 19%, 4) liver disease – 8%, 5) miscellaneous – 23%. Of the diagnostic tests, those for fibrin split products (FSP), fibrin monomer and antithrombin III were the most valuable. Of the clotting proteins, factors II, V, VII and X were the most frequently decreased. The factor VIII: C levels were in conflict with the prevailing dogma. Factor VIII :C levels were decreased in only 9% of patients studied and, in fact, were increased in the majority of cases. Factor VIIIR: Ag and F VIIIR: vW were elevated in 80% of the patients evaluated. An overall mortality of 68% further confirms the dismal prognosis previously associated with DIC.
Reduced Platelet Aggregation in Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Kaplan Bernard S , Fong Jack S C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlatelet aggregation was studied in three patients during the course of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) when the platelet count was below 100,000/mm3 and after the platelet count had normalized. Platelet aggregation was examined in response to epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. Aggregation did not occur in response to epinephrine when the patients were thrombocytopenic but normal tracings were obtained when the platelet counts had returned to normal. In contrast, platelet-rich plasma from normal subjects diluted with platelet-poor plasma from patients to comparable platelet counts, showed normal aggregation responses. This study demonstrates that platelet aggregation is reduced in the early phase of the HUS.
An Attempt at Predicting Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis by Preoperative Coagulation Studies in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Nilsen Dennis W T , Jeremic Miladin , Weisert Odd K 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPreoperative levels of fibrinogen, factors V, VII, VIII and antithrombin III were measured in 25 consecutive patients undergoing total hip replacement. Deep vein thrombosis (D.V.T.) was detected by fibrinogen-uptake test in 60% of the patients. The preoperative fibrinogen level was significantly higher (p < 0.05), and serum antithrombin III was markedly lower (p ≦ 0.1) in patients with postoperative D.V.T. The quotient of fibrinogen to serum antithrombin III was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in patients with D.V.T. This quotient may serve as an additional parameter to other clinical and laboratory tests in prediction of postoperative D.V.T. following hip surgery.
Labelling of Blood Platelets with Stable Tracers
Authors: Principe D Del , Cesareo R , Tallarida B M , Ciancarelli M G , Ricci M , Mancuso G 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHalf-time values of platelets labelled with stable rubidium are compared to those of platelets labelled with Cr51. Platelets labelled with stable rubidium are assayed by a very simple version of the X-Ray fluorescence equipment. The mean quantity of rubidium incorporated by the cells is of about some µg Rb per ml blood.The in vitro half-time of human Rb labelled platelets stored at 22° C is 41.2 ± 3h compared with the value 44.8 ± 3h for platelets labelled with Cr51, as deduced by six experiments. The in vivo half-time of rabbit platelets labelled with stable rubidium is 22 ± 3h compared with the value 18 ± 3h of platelets labelled with Cr51; ten experiments were carried out.
Inhibitors of Fibrinolysis in Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Walker J E , Campbell D M , Ogston D 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAmniotic fluid inhibited the fibrinolytic, amidolytic and esterolytic activity of urokinase. Kinetic studies with AGLMe demonstrated non-competitive inhibition. A major part of the inhibitory activity could be separated from α1-antitrypsin by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Plasminogen activator prepared from porcine heart was not inhibited by amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid also inhibited the caseinolytic and amidolytic activities of plasmin.
Coagulation Abnormalities in Dogs with Neoplastic Disease
Authors: Madewell Bruce R , Feldman Bernard F , O’Neill Sharron 
Published: July 2018

SummaryConventional laboratory methods were used to screen untreated tumor-bearing dogs for hemostatic abnormalities. Excluded from study were dogs with clinical evidence of bleeding. The primary site for neoplastic disease in 100 dogs studied included hemolymphatic system, skin, bone, thyroid gland, oropharynx, mammary gland, and nasal cavity.Eighty-three percent of the dogs had one or more abnormal coagulation tests. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 36 dogs and 3 had thrombocytosis. Twenty-five dogs had hypofibrinogenemia, and 25 had hyperfibrinogenemia. There were 32 dogs with prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time, 10 dogs with shortened prothrombin time, and 6 dogs with prolongation of the thrombin time. Sixteen dogs had positive protamine sulfate (paracoagulation) reaction, and 8% had increased plasma fibrin degradation products. The euglobulin lysis time was accelerated in 24% of the dogs, and 15% had schistocytes on blood film.These data indicate that the majority of dogs with advanced neoplasms are likely to have abnormal coagulation tests.
The Increase of the Electrophoretic Mobility of Platelets after Laparotomy
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroh , Tsukui Ryoko , Motomiya Takeshi , Jung Stephanie May , Sonoda Minoru , Watanabe Chifuyu , Ogino Masahiro , Miyagawa Noboru 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA fully automatic instrument for the determination of electrophoretic mobility of colloidal particles was applied to human platelets. A significant increase in platelet electrophoretic mobility was observed one day after a laparotomy. This suggests that a selective consumption of platelets with smaller surface negative charge may occur during postoperative hemostatic plug formation or under surgical stress. In addition, the difference in electrophoretic mobility observed between males and females suggests an effect of estrogen on platelets.
Malondialdehyde Formation in Rat Platelet-Rich Plasma
Authors: Livio M , Rajtar G , Merino J , Gaetano G de 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe type of inhibition and the relative potency of aspirin and indomethacin on rat platelet malondialdehyde (MDA) formation were investigated in an in vitro system. Both drugs inhibited the production of MDA after platelet stimulation with either thrombin (10 or 25 NIH u/ml) or sodium arachidonate (0.5–2.25 mM).Inhibition by both drugs was concentration-dependent, was partially removed when platelet-rich plasma was diluted with platelet-poor plasma, was much stronger when either drug was preincubated with platelets for 10 minutes than for 1 minute and was apparently competitive when analysed by Dixon plots (1/V versus inhibitor concentrations).It is suggested that both aspirin and indomethacin may inhibit in vitro cyclo-oxygenase activity in citrated platelet-rich plasma by a similar, if not identical, partially reversible mechanism, not involving – in a first step – covalent binding of either drug to enzyme.A scheme of the interaction of both drugs with cyclo-oxygenase is presented which also takes into account the irreversible acetylation of the enzyme occurring after longer incubation times with aspirin.
A Simple Method for Estimation of Lipoxygenase and Cyclo-Oxygenase Pathways in Human Platelets - the Use of Thiobarbituric Acid Reaction
Authors: Takayama Hiroshi , Okuma Minoru , Uchino Haruto 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTo develop a simple method for estimation of platelet lipoxygenase (PLO) and cyclo-oxygenase (PCO) pathways, the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism of human platelet was investigated under various experimental conditions by the use of the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction and a radioisotope technique. A TBA-reactive substance different from malondialdehyde (MDA) via PCO pathway was detected and shown to be derived from the PLO pathway. Since the optimal pH and time course of its formation were different from those of MDA formation via PCO pathway, PLO and PCO pathways were estimated by quantitating the TBA-reactive substances produced by the incubation of AA either with aspirin-treated platelets or with untreated ones, respectively, each under optimal conditions. Normal values expressed in terms of nmol MDA/108 platelets were 1.17±0.34 (M±SD, n = 31) and 0.79±0.15 (n = 31) for PLO and PCO pathways, respectively.
Blood Platelets Cause Retraction of Collagen Gel
Authors: Jeleńska M , Kopeć M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHuman blood platelets cause the collagen gel retraction (CGR) with concomitant exclusion of fluid. CGR is positively related to the number of incorporated platelets and inversely to collagen concentration. Disruption of platelets, EDTA and cytochalasin B inhibit CGR. Platelets from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia are active in CGR. The similarities and differences of CGR and fibrin retraction are discussed.
Inhibition of Thrombin-Induced Secretion from Platelets by Chlortetracycline and Its Analogs
Authors: Mürer E H , Siojo E 
Published: July 2018

SummaryChlortetracycline (CTC) (1.0 mM) blocks platelet secretion after a few seconds preincubation. The amount needed for inhibition can be reduced relative to time of preincubation. 50% inhibition is obtained with 20 ¼M CTC after 1 hr incubation. 50 ¼M CTC causes much greater inhibition, especially after short time incubation. The level of metabolic ATP is decreased about 60% with both 20 and 50 ¼M CTC. Two tetracycline analogs, anhydrotetracycline and demeclocycline (DMC), have different solubility properties in nonionic medium, but inhibit secretion at the same concentration, with little effect on the metabolic ATP level. The results suggest that CTC and its analogs do not inhibit platelet function by acting as metabolic inhibitors. While CTC causes increased leakage of cytoplasmic content at the concentrations where secretion is blocked more than 90%, DMC doses not cause leakage even at much higher concentration, so that there seems to be no connection between the induction of leakage (i.e. the membrane-active properties) and the inhibitory effect of the drugs.
A Comparison of Acylated Streptokinase-Plasminogen Complex and Streptokinase in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Prowse C V , Hornsey V , Ruckley C V , Boulton F E 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe in vivo effects on the fibrinolytic and coagulation system of infusing acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complex (BRL 26921; 5, 7 and 12 mg) or streptokinase (250,000 u) were determined in healthy male volunteers. While this dose of streptokinase resulted in depletion of plasminogen and antiplasmin, and in some cases of fibrinogen and coagulation factors V and VIII, the equivalent 7 mg dose of BRL 26921 had little effect on these parameters. 12 mg BRL 26921 had some systemic effects on the fibrinolytic system. For initial clinical studies a dose of 10 mg BRL 26921 would seem appropriate.Both drugs induced an anamnestic rise in streptokinase antibody, whereas no change in liver function tests were observed. A delayed mild febrile reaction was observed in some subjects following infusion of streptokinase or BRL 26921. Clinical, laboratory, and subjective monitoring revealed no other adverse effects with either drug.
Inhibition of Platelet Function by Antiarrhythmic Drugs, Verapamil and Disopyramide
Authors: Han P , Boatwright C , Ardlie N G 
Published: July 2018

SummaryVarious cardiovascular drugs such as nitrates and propranolol, used in the treatment of coronary artery disease have been shown to have an antiplatelet effect. We have studied the in vitro effects of two antiarrhythmic drugs, verapamil and disopyramide, and have shown their inhibitory effect on platelet function. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibited the second phase of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inhibited aggregation induced by collagen. Disopyramide similarly inhibited the second phase of platelet aggregation caused by ADP and aggregation induced by collagen. Either drug in synergism with propranolol inhibited ADP or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Disopyramide at high concentrations inhibited arachidonic add whereas verapamil was without effect. Verapamil, but not disopyramide, inhibited aggregation induced by the ionophore A23187.
Non-Decalcified Barium Sulfate-Adsorbed Plasma A Potentially Useful Reagent for Studying Blood Clotting, Platelets or Complement
Authors: Zucker Marjorie B , Owen John 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlasma was prepared by rapid centrifugation of native blood followed by adsorption of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors with BaSO4. Compared to fresh citrated plasma, BaSO4-treated plasma contained about 80% of factor V and factor VIII and the same concentration of fibrinopeptide A. Assays were also carried out after overnight incubation of citrated plasma and BaSO4-adsorbed plasma with and without added citrate and compared to assays of fresh citrated plasma. Factor V decreased to about 25% in both citrated samples, factor VIII decreased to 45% in both samples of BaSO4-treated plasma, and fibrinopeptide A did not change. Thus loss of factor V activity depended on reduction in divalent cation concentration whereas loss of factor VIII activity may have resulted from effects of early traces of thrombin.
Subcellular Localization of Adenosine Diphosphatase in Cultured Pig Arterial Endothelial Cells
Authors: Lieberman Elisabeth G , Leake David S , Peters Timothy J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA role for vessel wall adenosine diphosphatase (ADPase) in limiting platelet aggregation has been suggested by a number of studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the properties and subcellular localization of ADPase in endothelial cells.Homogenates were prepared from subcultured pig aortic endothelial cells and used to determine the kinetics of ADPase activity with a recently described rapid assay employing [²-32P]ADP. The activity was linear with incubation time and homogenate concentration. The pH optimum was 7.4 and the apparent Km was 43 ¼M. The enzyme displayed an absolute divalent cation requirement and its activity was unaffected by levamisole, a specific alkaline phosphatase inhibitor, or by 2-glycerophosphate, a substrate for non-specific phosphatases.Post-nuclear supernatants were prepared from cell homogenates and were fractionated by sucrose density centrifugation. The distribution of ADPase activity in the gradient corresponded to 5'nucleotidase, a plasma membrane marker enzyme, and was clearly distinct from the other organelle marker enzymes. When the cells were treated with the cholesterol-binding agent, digitonin, before being homogenized, the activities of both 5'nucleotidase and ADPase shifted to a denser zone in the gradient, confirming their coincident localization to the plasma membrane.Intact and sonicated cells were incubated with the poorly permeant enzyme inhibitor, diazotized sulphanilic add. With intact cells, ADPase and 5'nucleotidase were inhibited whereas lactate dehydrogenase, an intracellular enzyme, was unaffected; with sonicated cells all three enzymes were inactivated. ADPase is thus an ecto-enzyme on the plasma membrane of cultured pig aortic endothelial cells and is therefore ideally located for a role in limiting platelet aggregation.