bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increase grain yields: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Shujuan , Lehmann Anika , Zheng Weishuang , You Zhaoyang , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Increasing grain yields of food cereal crops is a major goal in future sustainable agriculture. We quantitatively analyzed the potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in enhancing grain yields of seven cereal crops with exceptional importance for human nutrition across the globe: corn, wheat, rice, barley, sorghum, millet and oat.

We conducted a meta‐analysis for three datasets including both English and Chinese language publications: the ‘whole’ dataset including both laboratory and field studies (168 articles); the ‘field’ dataset comprising only field studies (97 studies); and the ‘field‐inoculation’ dataset including only AM fungal inoculation studies conducted in field conditions (70 articles).

We found that the AM fungal effect on grain yield was less pronounced in field and noninoculation studies. AM fungal inoculation in field led to a 16% increase (overall effect) based on the ‘field‐inoculation’ dataset; this effect was variable (77% trials had positive values), crop‐specific, lower for new cultivars released after 1950 and further modulated by soil pH.

Although there are neutral and negative effects of AM fungi on grain yields, we emphasize the importance of integrating AM fungi in sustainable agriculture to increase grain yields of cereal crops.
Plant water‐use strategy mediates stomatal effects on the light induction of photosynthesis
Authors: Deans Ross M. , Brodribb Timothy J. , Busch Florian A. , Farquhar Graham D. 
Published: October 2018

Summary

More efficient gas exchange strategies under dynamic light environments have been hypothesised to contribute to the dominance of angiosperms in the vascular plant flora. However, we still lack a clear understanding of how stomatal dynamics affect photosynthetic dynamics and whether differences exist between lineages.

Stomatal and photosynthetic dynamics following changes in irradiance were studied in 15 species, encompassing ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. We determined the effect of stomatal speed on dynamic photosynthesis and water loss. Moreover, we assessed whether dynamic behaviour followed evolutionary lineage divisions, or whether ecological adaptation to maximise light fleck use could describe dynamic behaviour.

We found that species with fast stomatal opening, such as ferns, forgo less photosynthesis during photosynthetic induction. By contrast, there was no relationship between stomatal closure speed and the water wasted by transiently more‐open stomata, because species with higher rates of gas exchange also showed faster stomatal closure. Shade‐adapted species possessed fast‐opening but slow‐closing stomata, consistent with ecological adaptation to maximise light fleck use.

Our results suggest dynamic behaviour follows adaptive ecological trends more strongly than evolutionary ones, but angiosperms may benefit from relatively faster photosynthetic induction by adopting a less conservative water‐use strategy.
Changes in the relationship between childhood asthma and ambient air pollution in Taiwan: Results from a nationwide survey repeated 5 years apart
Authors: Chen Bing‐Yu , Chen Chi‐Hsien , Chuang Yu‐Chen , Wu Ying‐Hsuan , Pan Shih‐Chun , Guo Yue Leon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildhood asthma is a common disease whose prevalence is changing. Shift in environmental exposure was one of the plausible explanations. This study investigated changes in the association between childhood asthma and ambient air pollution occurring over time.MethodA nationwide questionnaire survey concerning respiratory illness and symptoms was administered to Taiwanese elementary and middle school students in 2011 and repeatedly in 2016‐2017. During the study period, the concentrations of ambient air pollutants were obtained from the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) monitoring stations. Generalized estimating equation models were applied to examine the association between air pollution in the past year and the risk of current asthma.ResultsA total of 6346 children from the 2011 survey and 11 585 children from the 2016‐2017 survey attended schools located within a 1‐km radius of Taiwan EPA monitoring stations. The prevalence of childhood current asthma (children with physician‐diagnosed asthma and persistent asthma symptoms in the past year) increased from 7.5% to 9.6% during this period. The level of exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the past year was found to be associated with current asthma both in the 2011 survey (odds ratio (OR): 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41‐2.57) and in the 2016‐2017 survey (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.48).ConclusionImproved air quality has reduced the effect of PM2.5 on childhood asthma, but air quality remains a health concern in Taiwan.
Translations of Spanish chivalry works in the Jacobean book trade: Shelton’s Don Quixote in the light of Anthony Munday's publications
Authors: Álvarez‐Recio Leticia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLeticia Álvarez‐Recio, Translations of Spanish chivalry works in the Jacobean book trade: Shelton’s Don Quixote in the light of Anthony Munday’s publicationsIn 1605, soon after Cervantes’s El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha was first published in Madrid, various copies of this first Spanish edition reached England. Seven years later, in 1612, the English version of the first part of Don Quixote, translated by Thomas Shelton from the 1607 edition published in Brussels, came out. The original Spanish Second Part of Don Quixote was published in 1615, and an English version was issued in 1620, now including both First and Second parts. The publication dates for the English Don Quixote (1612, 1620) coincide with Anthony Munday’s second turn of translations of the main Spanish chivalric series, the Palmerin and Amadis cycles, covering from 1609 to 1619. The editorial success of Munday’s chivalric translations would have encouraged Shelton and his publishing agents to issue the English edition/s of Don Quixote at such an early stage. The present paper argues in favour of this thesis, just as it explores the main social networks where both translators moved actively, namely, the printers and booksellers with whom they worked, and also their Jacobean courtly patrons. Significant links with theatre agents and the City of London are taken into account as well.
Impairment of left atrial mechanics does not contribute to the reduction in stroke volume after active ascent to 4559 m
Authors: Sareban Mahdi , Perz Tabea , Macholz Franziska , Reich Bernhard , Schmidt Peter , Fried Sebastian , Mairbäurl Heimo , Berger Marc M. , Niebauer Josef 
Published: October 2018

Hypoxia challenges left ventricular (LV) function due to reduced energy supply. Conflicting results exist whether high‐altitude exposure impairs LV diastolic function and thus contributes to the high altitude‐induced increase in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) and reduction in stroke volume (SV). This study aimed to assess LV diastolic function, LV end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and LA mechanics using comprehensive echocardiographic imaging in healthy volunteers at 4559 m. Fifty subjects performed rapid (<20 hours) and active ascent from 1130 m to 4559 m (high). All participants underwent echocardiography during baseline examination at 424 m (low) as well as 7, 20 and 44 hours after arrival at high altitude. Heart rate (HR), sPAP, and comprehensive volumetric‐ and Doppler‐ as well as speckle tracking‐derived LA strain parameters were obtained to assess LV diastolic function, LA mechanics, and LVEDP in a multiparametric approach. Data for final analyses were available in 46 subjects. HR (low: 64 ± 11 vs high: 79 ± 14 beats/min, P < 0.001) and sPAP (low: 24.4 ± 3.8 vs high: 38.5 ± 8.2 mm Hg, P < 0.001) increased following ascent and remained elevated at high altitude. Stroke volume (low: 64.5 ± 15.0 vs high: 58.1 ± 16.4 mL, P < 0.001) and EDV decreased following ascent and remained decreased at high altitude due to decreased LV passive filling volume, whereas LA mechanics were preserved. There was no case of LV diastolic dysfunction or increased LVEDP estimates. In summary, this study shows that rapid and active ascent of healthy individuals to 4559 m impairs passive filling and SV of the LV. These alterations were not related to changes in LV and LA mechanics.
Assessing the agronomic effectiveness of wastewater‐treated Allophanic soil as a phosphorus source for plant growth
Authors: Cheuyglintase S. , Hanly J. A. , Horne D. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDomestic sewage treatment plants (STPs) that discharge partially treated wastewaters to surface waters contribute to eutrophication. A number of Allophanic soils have shown promise as a filter substrate to remove dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) from wastewaters. Once the phosphorus (P) sorption capacity of the soil is exhausted, it can potentially be applied to land as a soil amendment to recycle P for productive use. In this study, Allophanic soil that was P‐enriched by wastewater treatment (WTS) was evaluated for its agronomic effectiveness in a glasshouse pot experiment in which ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was grown on Ohakune silt loam. The ability of WTS to supply P for ryegrass growth was compared with a soluble phosphorus source (mono‐calcium phosphate, MCP). The WTS had a total P (TP) concentration of 8128 mg TP/kg oven‐dried soil. As the initial P status of the Ohakune soil was very low, the cumulative dry matter yields increased significantly with increased additions of WTS and MCP. The WTS was highly effective at increasing available P in the soil, as measured by Olsen P and ryegrass yield and P uptake. The soluble fertiliser P value of WTS was estimated to be equivalent to 61% of MCP applied at the same rate. Therefore, the results show that WTS is an effective P source for plant growth and its application to soil has the potential to recycle both the soil and the P it contains.
The use of geometric indicators to estimate the quantitative completeness of street blocks in OpenStreetMap
Authors: Zhou Qi , Tian Yuanjian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOpenStreetMap (OSM) is a free global map dataset that was created by volunteers around the world. This inevitably means that there are a number of quality issues with the final OSM product, however. Extensive research has therefore been carried out to assess the quality of this product by applying a range of measures versus reference datasets, but little effort to date has been focused on quantitative quality estimation without reference datasets. The aim of this study is therefore to quantitatively estimate the completeness of street blocks in an OSM dataset. This was accomplished by initially exploring the relationship between geometric indicators (i.e., area, perimeter, and density) and street block completeness in an OSM road dataset, before these relationships were applied to quantitatively estimate completeness in other datasets. The results of this study show that: (1) street block completeness is positively correlated with density and negatively correlated with area and perimeter; and (2) in most cases, estimated completeness values for all street blocks within an OSM road dataset do not differ by more than 10% in absolute terms from actual completeness values. These results indicate that geometric indicators can be used as proxies to quantitatively estimate road completeness in OSM datasets.
The rise of dollar credit in emerging market economies and US monetary policy
Authors: Huang Anni , Kishor Narayan Kundan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the hypothesis that the boom in dollar credit in emerging market economies (EMEs) is associated with an excessively low interest rate in the US. For this purpose, we use a multivariate correlated unobserved component model that allows for correlation between shocks to dollar credit, cross‐border interest rate gaps—measured as the difference between emerging market interest rate and theUSinterest rate, and dollar index both in the short run and in the long run. In addition, it also provides us a quantitative estimate of the permanent and transitory movements in dollar credit in EMEs, interest rate gaps and dollar index. The results from this model do suggest that a temporary increase in interest rate gaps and decline in the dollar index are associated with a temporary increase in the dollar credit in EMEs with a very high degree of correlation. The estimate of the cyclical component of the dollar credit in EMEs from our model captures the recent boom and bust in this market and compares favourably to alternative trend–cycle decomposition methods.
Caregiver burden in the veterinary dermatology client: comparison to healthy controls and relationship to quality of life
Authors: Spitznagel Mary Beth , Solc Meghan , Chapman Kimberly R. , Updegraff John , Albers Angela L. , Carlson Mark D. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundSkin disease in companion animals often requires long‐term management which may contribute to caregiver burden in the dermatology client.Hypotheses/ObjectivesWe expected greater caregiver burden in dermatology clients relative to healthy control veterinary clients and that no difference would be present between healthy controls and dermatology clients reporting good skin disease control. Within the dermatology sample, we hypothesized that greater caregiver burden would correlate with client perception of the animal's severity of disease (ASD), animal skin disease quality of life (ASD‐QoL), and client general quality of life (CG‐QoL) and skin disease‐related quality of life (CSD‐QoL).ParticipantsParticipants were 358 dog owners, including veterinary dermatology clients (n = 152) and healthy general veterinary control clients (n = 206).Methods and materialsCross‐sectional online assessments were completed for client caregiver burden (both samples) and CG‐QoL, CSD‐QoL, ASD‐QoL and ASD (dermatology sample only).ResultsCaregiver burden was greater in dermatology clients overall relative to healthy controls (P < 0.001); it was comparable for those reporting good skin disease control (P > 0.05). Within the dermatology group, correlations between caregiver burden and CSD‐QoL were high (r = 0.58; P < 0.001). CG‐QoL was predicted by caregiver burden (P < 0.001) but not significantly by CSD‐QoL (P > 0.05).Conclusions and clinical importanceIn the presence of good skin disease control, caregiver burden in dermatology clients is as low as general veterinary clients with a healthy dog. Understanding client experiences of companion animal skin disease may be optimized by assessing caregiver burden.
Parents’ Beliefs About Physical Activity for Their Children With Visual Impairments
Authors: Columna Luis , Streete Denzil A. , Hodge Samuel R. , Dillon Suzanna Rocco , Myers Beth , Norris Michael L. , Barreira Tiago V. , Heffernan Kevin S. 
Published: October 2018

Despite having the desire to become physically active as a family, parents of children with visual impairments often lack the skills and resources needed to provide appropriate physical activities (PAs) for their children. The purpose of this study was to explore the intentions of parents of children with visual impairments toward including their children in PAs after participating in a PA program. In this descriptive qualitative study, the participants were 10 parents of children with visual impairments. A series of workshops were designed to provide parents with the skills and resources needed to promote PA for their family. Upon completion of the workshops, parents took part in one-on-one semistructured interviews that were subsequently transcribed and analyzed using a thematic line-by-line process. Two interdependent themes emerged from the data analyses: (a) eye-opening experiences and (b) transformed, more hopeful, and optimistic outlook. The results revealed that through the PA intervention, parents learned teaching strategies that were intended to increase their PA opportunities and garnered resources that allowed them to teach their children to participate in PA.
Using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to promote quality of care in the management of patients with established kidney disease requiring treatment with haemodialysis in the UK (PROM-HD): a qualitative study protocol
Authors: Anderson Nicola Elzabeth , Calvert Melanie , Cockwell Paul , Dutton Mary , Aiyegbusi Olalekan Lee , Kyte Derek 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionPatients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) for end-stage kidney disease often report a poor quality of life (QoL) and identify that improving QoL has a higher priority for them than improvements in long-term survival. Research suggests that regular collection and usage of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients with chronic conditions may reduce hospitalisation, improve QoL and overall survival. In the UK, despite increased use within research settings, PROMs have not been introduced into the routine clinical care for patients undergoing HD.We report the protocol for ‘Using patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) to promote quality of care in the management of patients with established kidney disease requiring treatment with haemodialysis in the UK—PROM-HD’. The study aim is to investigate the methodological basis for the use of routine PROMs assessment, particularly using electronic formats (ePROMs) within clinical and research settings, to maximise the potential of PROM use in the management of the care of this patient group.Methods and analysisThe project will use qualitative methodology to explore, by thematic analysis, the views, perceptions and experiences of patients receiving HD and members of the HD multidisciplinary team regarding the collection and use of PROMs in routine clinical care, particularly ePROMs. This will involve interviews with up to 30 patients or until saturation is achieved and three focus group sessions with approximately 18 members of the clinical team delivering care to this patient group, which will be interpreted broadly to include both professional and non-professional staff.
Clinical features, management and outcomes of severe ischaemic stroke in tertiary hospitals in China: protocol for a prospective multicentre registry-based observational study
Authors: Wu Simiao , Yuan Ruozhen , Xiong Yao , Zhang Shihong , Wu Bo , Liu Ming 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionSevere ischaemic stroke is a devastating condition with high mortality and morbidity; however, there is insufficient evidence on its management. The aim of this study is to investigate causes, risk factors, clinical course, management and outcomes of severe ischaemic stroke in a real-world setting in tertiary hospitals in China.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, multicentre, registry-based observational study. We will recruit 2500 patients with acute ischaemic stroke from nine tertiary hospitals in Western China. Patients with acute ischaemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology within 30 days of stroke onset will be included. Patients will be visited within 24 hours after admission, on day 3, day 7 and at discharge, to collect data on their clinical state, blood biomarkers and brain imaging. Severe stroke is defined as severe neurological deficits (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥15 or in coma) on admission or clinical worsening (NIHSS increased by ≥4 scores) during hospitalisation. Patients will be followed up by structured telephone interviews at 3 months and 1 year after stroke onset. In-hospital outcomes include symptomatic haemorrhagic transformation and brain oedema by day 7 of admission, and survival status (death or survival) by discharge; follow-up outcomes will include survival status and functional outcome (assessed by modified Rankin Scale) at 3 months and 1 year. The current study will improve our knowledge about the development of severe ischaemic stroke at acute phase and factors influencing its outcomes, which will eventually facilitate optimisation of individualised interventions for its prevention and treatment.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is obtained from The Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Reference No. 2017(130)). We will present our findings at the national and international conferences and peer-reviewed journals in stroke and neurology.Trial registration numberNCT03222024; Pre-results.
Morphological characterization of landforms produced by springtime seasonal activity on Russell Crater megadune, Mars
Authors: Jouannic Gwenaël , Conway Susan J. , Gargani Julien , Costard François , Massé Marion , Bourgeois Olivier , Carter John , Schmidt Frédéric , Marmo Chiara , Ori Gian G. , Nachon Marion , Pasquon Kelly 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We describe in detail an annual seasonal process that occurs on the surface of the Russell Crater megadune on Mars. We give these features the name ‘perennial rills’, because their surface topographical expression persists from year-to-year and they form a distinctive, downstream-branching network of small channels, or rills. We used time-series images, elevation data from stereophotogrammetry and spectral data to characterize the evolution of these features over 6 Mars years. Growth and modification of these networks occurs abruptly in spring (at a solar longitude of
c.
200°) after most of the seasonal CO
2
ice has sublimated. We find that the peculiar morphology of perennial rills seems to be the only aspect that sets them apart from active linear dune gullies. By comparison to terrestrial analogues, we identified two conditions favouring the production of such a network: (a) the presence of an impermeable layer; and (b) the repeated formation of obstacles in front of propagating channels. We find that the most plausible formation mechanisms that can explain the formation of both the perennial rills and the active linear dune gullies are levitating CO
2
blocks or liquid debris flows of water/brine, but neither can completely satisfy all the observational evidence.
Ordovician conulariids (Scyphozoa) from the Upper Tiouririne Formation (Katian), eastern Anti-Atlas Mountains, southern Morocco
Authors: Van Iten Heyo , Gutiérrez-Marco Juan Carlos , Muir Lucy A. , Simões Marcello G. , Leme Juliana M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Storm-dominated siliciclastic shelf deposits in the upper half of the Upper Tiouririne Formation (Upper Ordovician, upper Berounian–
c.
Katian 1–2) of southern Morocco contain large specimens of at least two species of
Archaeoconularia
(
A
. aff.
consobrina
and
A
. cf.
imperialis
).
Pseudoconularia
cf.
grandissima
occurs in basal beds of the formation, but is far less abundant than
Archaeoconularia
. The large size of the
Archaeoconularia
(>500 mm long in some cases) suggests gigantism induced by cold, nutrient-rich waters. Specimens preserving the apical end terminate in a schott, indicating that the conulariids were severed near the apex prior to final burial. Many of the
Archaeoconularia
occur in monospecific aggregations in which the component specimens exhibit preferential alignment, probably owing to entrainment and burial by storm currents or flows. Some
Archaeoconularia
are encrusted by edrioasteroids and/or craniid brachiopods, which in certain cases are so closely spaced as to interfere with growth. The edrioasteroids and brachiopods were probably epibionts attached to living, erect or semi-erect conulariids that were partially infaunal. More generally, Late Ordovician conulariid assemblages of South Polar Gondwana and adjacent terranes exhibit low generic diversity relative to those of low- to mid-latitude terranes (Baltica and Laurentia), and are dominated numerically by
Archaeoconularia
.