bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction and Characterization of miRNA/Target Pairs in Non‐Model Plants Using RNA‐seq
Authors: Neller Kira C. M. , Klenov Alexander , Hudak Katalin A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPlant microRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼20‐ to 24‐nucleotide small RNAs that post‐transcriptionally regulate gene expression of mRNA targets. Here, we present a workflow to characterize the miRNA transcriptome of a non‐model plant, focusing on miRNAs and targets that are differentially expressed under one experimental treatment. We cover RNA‐seq experimental design to create paired small RNA and mRNA libraries and perform quality control of raw data, de novo mRNA transcriptome assembly and annotation, miRNA prediction, differential expression, target identification, and functional enrichment analysis. Additionally, we include validation of differential expression and miRNA‐induced target cleavage using qRT‐PCR and modified RNA ligase–mediated 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, respectively. Our procedure relies on freely available software and web resources. It is intended for users that lack programming skills but can navigate a command‐line interface. To enable an understanding of formatting requirements and anticipated results, we provide sample RNA‐seq data and key input/output files for each stage. © 2019 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Investigating the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in Disease Phenotypes and Drug Screening
Authors: Bhosale Gauri , Duchen Michael R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMitochondria act as ‘sinks’ for Ca2+ signaling, with mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake linking physiological stimuli to increased ATP production. However, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload can induce a cellular catastrophe by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). This pore is a large conductance pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane that causes bioenergetic collapse and appears to represent a final common path to cell death in many diseases. The role of the mPTP as a determinant of disease outcome is best established in ischemia/reperfusion injury in the heart, brain, and kidney, and it is also implicated in neurodegenerative disorders and muscular dystrophies. As the probability of pore opening can be modulated by drugs, it represents a useful pharmacological target for translational research in drug discovery. Described in this unit is a protocol utilizing isolated mitochondria to quantify this phenomenon and to develop a high‐throughput platform for phenotypic screens for Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. © 2019 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Thermal analysis of north wall insulated greenhouse dryer at different bed conditions operating under natural convection mode
Authors: Ahmad Asim , Prakash Om 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn experimental investigation has been carried out on the modified greenhouse dryer with insulated north wall operating under natural convection mode of heat transfer for different floor conditions, namely ground floor, concrete floor, gravel floor, and black painted gravel floor. The terms like coefficient of diffusivity, coefficient of performance, overall heat transfer coefficient, heat loss factor, and heat utilization factor has been calculated for different floor conditions. The maximum difference between room temperature and ambient temperature was found to be 32.4°C at 13 O'clock for black painted gravel floor, followed by gravel floor, concrete floor, and ground floor which are 27, 14.1, and 11.5°C, respectively. It has been observed that the rise in the percentage of maximum room temperature in comparison to maximum ambient temperature for black painted gravel floor, gravel floor, concrete floor, and the ground floor was 50.31, 46.15, 30.1, and 26.6%, respectively at 13 O'clock. It has been found that the maximum temperature absorbed by black painted gravel bed. Hence, this type of floor condition is highly recommended for drying of low and medium moisture content type vegetables and fruits. The thermal parameters of the result obtain from the present setup was compared with the published literature, and it was found that all parameters show the similar trends; however, the present setup shows the superior performance compared to other research work.
A low‐cost, automated parasite diagnostic system via a portable, robotic microscope and deep learning
Authors: Li Yaning , Zheng Rui , Wu Yizhen , Chu Kaiqin , Xu Qianming , Sun Mingzhai , Smith Zachary J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractManual hand counting of parasites in fecal samples requires costly components and substantial expertise, limiting its use in resource‐constrained settings and encouraging overuse of prophylactic medication. To address this issue, a cost‐effective, automated parasite diagnostic system that does not require special sample preparation or a trained user was developed. It is composed of an inexpensive (~US$350), portable, robotic microscope that can scan over the size of an entire McMaster chamber (100 mm2) and capture high‐resolution (~1 μm lateral resolution) bright field images without need for user intervention. Fecal samples prepared using the McMaster flotation method were imaged, with the imaging region comprising the entire McMaster chamber. These images are then automatically segmented and analyzed using a trained convolution neural network (CNN) to robustly separate eggs from background debris. Simple postprocessing of the CNN output yields both egg species and egg counts. The system was validated by comparing accuracy with hand‐counts by a trained operator, with excellent performance. As a further demonstration of utility, the system was used to conveniently quantify drug response over time in a single animal, showing residual disease due to Anthelmintic resistance after 2 weeks.
New Prediction Equations to Estimate Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Using Calf Circumference: Results From NHANES 1999–2006
Authors: Santos Leonardo Pozza , Gonzalez Maria Cristina , Orlandi Silvana Paiva , Bielemann Renata Moraes , Barbosa‐Silva Thiago G. , Heymsfield Steven B. ,   COCONUT Study Group
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundLow appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) is associated with negative outcomes, but its assessment requires proper limb muscle evaluation. We aimed to verify how anthropometric circumferences are correlated to ASM and to develop new prediction equations based on calf circumference and other anthropometric measures, using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as the reference method.MethodsDEXA and anthropometric information from 15,293 adults surveyed in the 1999–2006 NHANES were evaluated. ASM was defined by the sum of the lean soft tissue from the limbs. Anthropometric data included BMI and calf, arm, thigh, and waist circumferences. Correlations were assessed by Pearson's correlation, and multivariable linear regression produced 4 different ASM prediction equations. The concordance and the overall 95% limits of agreement between measured and estimated ASM were assessed using Lin's coefficient and Bland‐Altman's approach.ResultsCalf and thigh circumferences were highly correlated with ASM, independent of age and ethnicity. Among the models, the best performance came from the equation constituted solely by calf circumference, sex, race, and age as independent variables, which was able to explain almost 90% of the DEXA‐measured ASM variation. The inclusion of different anthropometric parameters in the model increased collinearity without improving estimates. Concordance between the four developed equations and DEXA‐measured ASM was high (Lin's concordance coefficient >0.90).ConclusionDespite the good performance of the four developed equations in predicting ASM, the best results came from the equation constituted only by calf circumference, sex, race, and age. This equation allows satisfactory ASM estimation from a single anthropometric measurement.
Degraded land restoration ecological way through horti‐pasture systems and soil moisture conservation to sustain productive economic viability
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Amit Kumar , Singh Ramesh , Ghosh Avijit , Chaudhary Manoj , Shukla Arun Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Singh Harsh Varrdhan , Ahmed Akram , Kumar Ram Vinod 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlternate land uses that restore ecological balance with economic viability are desirable. Alternate land uses, that is, horti‐pasture systems (HPSs) with Emblica officinalis and Psidium guajava trees and pasture (Cenchrus ciliaris + Stylosanthes seabrana), were introduced with different soil moisture conservation measures (staggered contour trenches [T1], continuous contour trenches [T2], stone mulch [T3], vegetative barriers [T4], and control [T5]) for reclamation of degraded land and to test their capacity to perform ecological functions and provide economic return to the farmers. After 10 years, T1 increased soil organic carbon by ~58% and 15% over control in Emblica‐ and Psidium‐based HPS, respectively. T1 stipulated fruit and pasture yield by ~45% and 90% and 32% and 22% over control plots, in those HPS, respectively; T1 also improved fodder and fruit quality. Changing climates significantly affected the fruit and pasture yield. Despite this, T1 assured a benefit–cost ratio of 3.78 and 4.23 in those HPSs, respectively. The sustainable yield index for fruit and pasture in T1 were approximately (a) 1.85 and 1.68 and (b) 1.33 and 1.25 times higher than control, for Emblica‐ and Psidium‐based HPS, respectively. Soil moisture conservation could enhance profit by ~30% and 20% in those HPSs, respectively over control. T1 can potentially recycle approximately (a) 83%, 77%, and 71% and (b) 62%, 122%, and 81% higher N, P, and K than control in those HPSs, respectively. Thus, Emblica‐ and Psidium‐based HPS with staggered trenching could be replicated on a wide scale to enhance income, ensure fodder supply, and improve degraded land.
Detection of maturity and ligament injury using magic angle directional imaging
Authors: Chappell Karyn E. , Brujic Djordje , Van Der Straeten Catherine , Meeson Richard , Gedroyc Wladyslaw , McRobbie Donald , Ristic Mihailo 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo investigate whether magnetic field–related anisotropies of collagen may be correlated with postmortem findings in animal models.MethodsOptimized scan planning and new MRI data‐processing methods were proposed and analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations. Six caprine and 10 canine knees were scanned at various orientations to the main magnetic field. Image intensities in segmented voxels were used to compute the orientation vectors of the collagen fibers. Vector field and tractography plots were computed. The Alignment Index was defined as a measure of orientation distribution. The knees were subsequently assessed by a specialist orthopedic veterinarian, who gave a pathological diagnosis after having dissected and photographed the joints.ResultsUsing 50% less scans than reported previously can lead to robust calculation of fiber orientations in the presence of noise, with much higher accuracy. The 6 caprine knees were found to range from very immature (< 3 months) to very mature (> 3 years). Mature specimens exhibited significantly more aligned collagen fibers in their patella tendons compared with the immature ones. In 2 of the 10 canine knees scanned, partial cranial caudal ligament tears were identified from MRI and subsequently confirmed with encouragingly high consistency of tractography, Alignment Index, and dissection results.ConclusionThis method can be used to detect injury such as partial ligament tears, and to visualize maturity‐related changes in the collagen structure of tendons. It can provide the basis for new, noninvasive diagnostic tools in combination with new scanner configurations that allow less‐restricted field orientations.
A combined 32‐channel receive‐loops/8‐channel transmit‐dipoles coil array for whole‐brain MR imaging at 7T
Authors: Clément Jérémie , Gruetter Rolf , Ipek Özlem 
Published: May 2019

PurposeMultichannel receive arrays provide high SNR and parallel‐imaging capabilities, while transmit‐only dipole arrays have been shown to achieve a large coverage of the whole‐brain including the cerebellum. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize the performances of a 32‐channel receive‐only loop array combined with an 8‐channel dipole coil array at 7T for the first time.MethodsThe 8Tx‐dipoles/32Rx‐loops coil array was characterized by the SNR, g‐factors, noise correlation matrix, accelerated image quality, and maps, and compared with a commercial 1Tx‐birdcage/32Rx‐loops array. Simulated and measured maps were shown for the 8Tx‐dipoles/32Rx‐loops coil array and compared with the 8Tx/Rx dipole array.ResultsThe in‐house built 32‐channel receive coil demonstrated a large longitudinal coverage of the brain, particularly the upper neck area. G‐factors and accelerated MR acquisitions demonstrated robust performances up to R = 4 in 2D, and R = 8 (4 × 2) in 3D. A 83% increase in SNR was measured over the cerebellum with the in‐house built 8Tx/32Rx coil array compared to the commercial 1Tx/32Rx, while similar performances were obtained in the cerebral cortex.ConclusionsThe combined 32‐channel receive/8‐channel transmit coil array demonstrated high transmit‐receive performances compared to the commercial receive array at 7T, notably in the cerebellum. We conclude that in combination with parallel transmit capabilities, this coil is particularly suitable for whole‐brain MR studies at 7T.
Cross‐Linked Spirocyclic Quaternary Ammonium‐Based Anion Exchange Membrane with Tunable Properties for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Chu Fuqiang , Chu Xufeng , Zhang Shuai , Zhu Huanhuan , Ren Yurong , Han Juanjuan , Xie Ruigang , Lin Bencai , Ding Jianning 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe alkaline stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is crucial to the performance of alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, we have prepared and characterization of a series of new spirocyclic quaternary ammonium‐based AEMs with good alkaline stability. The AEMs was obtained by UV‐initiated polymerization of N, N‐diallylpiperidinium bromide ([DAPip][Br]), styrene and acrylonitrile. The water uptake, swelling ratio, IEC and conductivity of the AEMs increase with increasing the [DAPip][Br] content. The transparent and mechanically robust AEMs show high conductivities (7.99×10−2 S cm−1 at 80 °C) and good alkaline stability in 1 M KOH solution at 80 °C. The single cell with [DAPip][OH]20 showed a maximum power density of 93.9 mW cm−2. The spirocyclic quaternary ammonium‐based AEMs with an aliphatic backbone will open up new prospects for the preparation of AEMs with excellent alkaline stability and high conductivity.
Hierarchical Porous Activated Carbon Obtained by a Novel Heating‐Rate‐Induced Method for Lithium‐Ion Capacitor
Authors: Sun Jing , Yang Shuhua , Ai Jingui , Yang Chao , Jia Qi , Cao Bingqiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLithium‐ion capacitor (LIC) is an advanced energy storage system due to the combination of high energy density and rapid charge–discharge capability. However, one of the challenges is to improve the specific capacitance and energy density of cathode at high power density. For activated carbon based cathode, the unique hierarchical porous structure and suitable graphitization are crucial for the improvement of the specific capacitance and energy density. Herein, a novel heating‐rate‐induced method is developed to prepare corncob‐derived activated carbons (C‐ACs) with high electrochemical performances. The as‐obtained C‐ACs possess large surface area (1154 m2 g−1), optimal hierarchical porous structure, and suitable graphitization. Particularly, optimal hierarchical porous structure contains not only the high energy storage of the micropores but also the high‐rate performance of the mesopores and macropores. The optimized C‐ACs‐8 electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 158 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, exciting rate performance, and fast charge transfer capability. A lithium‐ion capacitor device based on C‐ACs‐8 cathode delivers a high energy density of 75 Wh kg−1 at power density of 562 W kg−1 and shows a long cycle life with 86.4% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles.
Juno versus Diana: The treatment of Elizabeth I's marriage in plays and entertainments, 1561–1581
Authors: Doran Susan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn the plays and entertainments performed before the queen from 1561 to 1578, the virginity of Elizabeth was not idealized but instead marriage was celebrated as a preferable state to chastity. Robert Dudley in particular commissioned such dramatic works to assist his courtship of the queen, but the earl of Sussex, and possibly others, used masques to press on her the suit of the Archduke Charles of Austria. The iconography of chastity appeared for the first time in 1578 when Elizabeth embarked on the Anjou marriage negotiations. During the queen's visit to Norwich in the summer she was offered entertainments which implicitly criticized the matrimonial project by idealizing her virginity. For the next three years, opponents of the match followed this lead and cultivated the image of the Virgin Queen as a means of sabotaging the royal marriage plans. Thereafter Elizabeth exploited the image for her own political purposes.
An Italian Flanged Dish from Gloucester
Authors: Tyers Paul A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTRecent re-examination of the pottery in the Gloucester Roman pottery type series has identified an unusual large flanged dish in a micaceous fabric from the tilery site at St Oswald's Priory, originally published in Britannia. Petrological analysis indicates that it is of Italian origin. There are currently only a handful of examples of this type known from outside Italy, and this is the first example securely identified from Britain. Supplementary Material, including a high-resolution image of the microphotograph of Gloucester TF214, is available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X19000126.
Maternal Talk About Disappearance Events
Authors: Goldfield Beverly A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study examines maternal talk about events in which persons or objects are hidden, missing, or absent, and the relationship of maternal language to the child's acquisition of words for disappearance. Twelve mother-child pairs were videotaped in the home during play when the children were 12, 15, and 18 months of age. The mothers kept a diary of the children 's words. Maternal language was coded during four types of disappearance events: peekaboo, hidden object games, missing objects, and absent entities. Children who had acquiredgoneand similar terms experienced more disappearance events and heard more maternal talk about disappearance than children who had not acquired a word for disappearance.
Examination of phonological working memory in specifically language-impaired children
Authors: Montgomery James W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present study examined the phonological memory capacity, rate of articulation, phonological-encoding, and perceptual-processing abilities of 13 well-defined, specifically language-impaired (SLI) children and 13 younger, language-matched normal (NL) children. The results of a nonsense word repetition task showed that SLI children repeated significantly fewer multisyllabic nonsense words than their NL peers. However, SLI and NL children were found to have comparable articulation rates, even when producing the longest nonsense word stimuli. Both SLI and NL children showed sensitivity to the phonological similarity effect, indicating that SLI children had intact phonological-encoding abilities. The results of a nonsense word discrimination task revealed that SLI children had greater difficulty perceptually processing 4-syllable nonsense words. Taken together, these findings were interpreted to be consistent with Gathercole and Baddeley's (1990) claim that SLI children have reduced phonological storage capacity. However, the capacity deficit account may require revision to include the possibility that the phonological storage deficit of some SLI children may have a perceptual basis (i.e., difficulty with processes related to item identification).
Unrecognized HIV-1 Infection in Inner-City Hospital Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Nagachinta Tippavan , Gold Claudia R. , Cheng Fenny , Heseltine Peter N.R. , Kerndt Peter R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo determine the prevalence of unrecognized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infections in patients presenting to an inner-city hospital emergency department, medical records were reviewed from 1,945 patients diagnosed with diseases not related to HIV or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The overall seroprevalence was 2.1% (40):1.8% (11) in nontrauma versus 3.0% (29) in trauma patients. The highest prevalence was found in black, male, uninsured patients.
Involvement of Slab‐Derived Fluid in the Generation of Cenozoic Basalts in Northeast China Inferred From Machine Learning
Authors: Zhao Yong , Zhang Yigang , Geng Ming , Jiang Jilian , Zou Xinyu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe origin and involvement of fluid in the generation of Cenozoic basalts in Northeast China are still under debate. Here we apply the machine learning methods of random forest and deep neural network to train models using data sets of global island arc and ocean island basalts. The trained models predict that most Cenozoic basalts in Northeast China are influenced by fluid and that the fluid activity decreases from east to west. The boundary defined by fluid activity coincides with the westernmost edge of the present‐day stagnant Pacific slab determined by seismic tomography and with the geochemical boundary defined by magnesium isotopes. These observations support the view that the fluid involved in the generation of the basalts is controlled by the stagnant Pacific slab instead of driven by the plume induced by the sinking Izanagi Plate.