bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer learning‐based online multiperson tracking with Gaussian process regression
Authors: Zhang Baobing , Li Siguang , Huang Zhengwen , Rahi Babak H. , Wang Qicong , Li Maozhen 
Published: October 2018

SummaryMost existing tracking‐by‐detection approaches are affected by abrupt pedestrian pose changes, lighting conditions, scale changes, and real‐time processing, which leads to issues such as detection errors and drifts. To deal with these issues, we present a novel multi‐person tracking framework by introducing a new Gaussian Process Regression based observation model, which learns in a semi‐supervised manner. The background information is taken into consideration to build the discriminative tracker, training samples are re‐weighted appropriately to ease the impact of the potential sample misalignment and noisy during model updating. Unlabeled samples from the current frame provide rich information, which is used for enhancing the tracking inference. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms a number of state‐of‐the‐art methods on some benchmark datasets.
Attaining High Photovoltaic Efficiency and Stability with Multidimensional Perovskites
Authors: Kosasih Felix Utama , Ducati Caterina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has soared over the past ten years and currently rivals those of crystalline silicon and other thin‐film solar cells. Most of the research effort so far has been focused on three‐dimensional (3 D) perovskite crystals, producing devices with very high efficiency but poor operational and environmental stability. Two‐dimensional (2 D) Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite has recently shown its potential as a highly stable light absorber, albeit with low efficiency. This work reviews the current progress in attaining both high efficiency and stability in solar cells by using 2 D perovskite. In particular, the focus is on multidimensional perovskite as a way to combine the best characteristics of 3 D and 2 D perovskites. Future challenges and potential methods to boost the performance of multidimensional perovskite solar cells further are briefly presented.
The RareCyte® platform for next‐generation analysis of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Kaldjian Eric P. , Ramirez Arturo B. , Sun Yao , Campton Daniel E. , Werbin Jeffrey L. , Varshavskaya Paulina , Quarre Steven , George Tad , Madan Anup , Blau C. Anthony , Seubert Ronald 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) can reliably be identified in cancer patients and are associated with clinical outcome. Next‐generation “liquid biopsy” technologies will expand CTC diagnostic investigation to include phenotypic characterization and single‐cell molecular analysis. We describe here a rare cell analysis platform designed to comprehensively collect and identify CTCs, enable multi‐parameter assessment of individual CTCs, and retrieve single cells for molecular analysis. The platform has the following four integrated components: 1) density‐based separation of the CTC‐containing blood fraction and sample deposition onto microscope slides; 2) automated multiparameter fluorescence staining; 3) image scanning, analysis, and review; and 4) mechanical CTC retrieval. The open platform utilizes six fluorescence channels, of which four channels are used to identify CTC and two channels are available for investigational biomarkers; a prototype assay that allows three investigational biomarker channels has been developed. Single‐cell retrieval from fixed slides is compatible with whole genome amplification methods for genomic analysis. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
EMCloud: A hierarchical volunteer cloud with explicit mobile devices
Authors: Malhotra Amarjit , Dhurandher Sanjay Kumar , Gupta Megha , Kumar Bijendra 
Published: October 2018

SummaryToday, the world is witnessing an exponential growth in the computational capabilities and storage capabilities of mobile devices. This has inspired application developers to create new and interesting applications for mobile devices. The applications have varied resource requirements and mobile devices are heterogeneous in their configurations. The idea of this research is to design a model for resource sharing among mobile devices so that any type of application can be run on a mobile device with the help of other such devices in close geographical proximity. A novel architecture for managing a group of volunteer nodes with unused or underused resources is designed and algorithms that are required for its operation are developed. The purpose of this research is to shift the focus towards futuristic computing paradigm where seamless resource sharing in the network would be feasible with explicitly all mobile nodes and without any dependency on fixed infrastructures. An extensive evaluation of the proposed Explicit Mobile Cloud (EMCloud) has been undertaken for mobile nodes in the network. It includes experience with a prototype that demonstrates EMCloud's performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art Serendipity, OpenNebula, and Eucalyptus prototypes in terms of success rate and average delay for different network density, mobility, network load, and extent of hierarchy.
Evaluating the ability of community‐protected forests in Cambodia to prevent deforestation and degradation using temporal remote sensing data
Authors: Singh Minerva , Evans Damian , Chevance Jean‐Baptiste , Tan Boun Suy , Wiggins Nicholas , Kong Leaksmy , Sakhoeun Sakada 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCommunity forests are known to play an important role in preserving forests in Cambodia, a country that has seen rapid deforestation in recent decades. The detailed evaluation of the ability of community‐protected forests to retain forest cover and prevent degradation in Cambodia will help to guide future conservation management. In this study, a combination of remotely sensing data was used to compare the temporal variation in forest structure for six different community forests located in the Phnom Kulen National Park (PKNP) in Cambodia and to assess how these dynamics vary between community‐protected forests and a wider study area. Medium‐resolution Landsat, ALOS PALSAR data, and high‐resolution LiDAR data were used to study the spatial distribution of forest degradation patterns and their impacts on above‐ground biomass (AGB) changes. Analysis of the remotely sensing data acquired at different spatial resolutions revealed that between 2012 and 2015, the community forests had higher forest cover persistence and lower rates of forest cover loss compared to the entire study area. Furthermore, they faced lower encroachment from cashew plantations compared to the wider landscape. Four of the six community forests showed a recovery in canopy gap fractions and subsequently, an increase in the AGB stock. The levels of degradation decreased in forests that had an increase in AGB values. However, all community forests experienced an increase in understory damage as a result of selective tree removal, and the community forests with the sharpest increase in understory damage experienced AGB losses. This is the first time multitemporal high‐resolution LiDAR data have been used to analyze the impact of human‐induced forest degradation on forest structure and AGB. The findings of this work indicate that while community‐protected forests can improve conservation outcomes to some extent, more interventions are needed to curb the illegal selective logging of valuable timber trees.
Social density, but not sex ratio, drives ecdysteroid hormone provisioning to eggs by female house crickets (Acheta domesticus)
Authors: Crocker Katherine C. , Hunter Mark D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSocial environment profoundly influences the fitness of animals, affecting their probability of survival to adulthood, longevity, and reproductive output. The social conditions experienced by parents at the time of reproduction can predict the social environments that offspring will face. Despite clear challenges in predicting future environmental conditions, adaptive maternal effects provide a mechanism of passing environmental information from parent to offspring and are now considered pervasive in natural systems. Maternal effects have been widely studied in vertebrates, especially in the context of social environment, and are often mediated by steroid hormone (SH) deposition to eggs. In insects, although many species dramatically alter phenotype and life‐history traits in response to social density, the mechanisms of these alterations, and the role of hormone deposition by insect mothers into their eggs, remains unknown. In the experiments described here, we assess the effects of social environment on maternal hormone deposition to eggs in house crickets (Acheta domesticus). Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that variable deposition of ecdysteroid hormones (ESH) to eggs is affected by both maternal (a) social density and (b) social composition. We found that while maternal hormone deposition to eggs does not respond to social composition (sex ratio), it does reflect social density; females provision their eggs with higher ESH doses under low‐density conditions. This finding is consistent with the interpretation that variable ESH provisioning is an adaptive maternal response to social environment and congruent with similar patterns of variable maternal provisioning across the tree of life. Moreover, our results confirm that maternal hormone provisioning may mediate delayed density dependence by introducing a time lag in the response of offspring phenotype to population size.
War experiences and emerging rights claims in postwar former Yugoslavia: The role of generalized conflict exposure and collective anomie
Authors: Spini Dario , Morselli Davide , Elcheroth Guy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractViolent conflicts have often been observed to generate social environments in which human rights violations are more easily tolerated and legitimized. However, recent research has documented cases in which communities exposed to violence react with increased condemnations of human rights violations. In this article, we focus on the distinction between generalized and particularized violence. Our findings show that, in the postwar ex‐Yugoslavia context, when local communities have been exposed to violence that was generalized across different ethno‐national groups, they strongly condemn human rights violations. Multilevel structural equation models show that the relationship between generalized victimization and the condemnation of human rights violations is mediated by a collective sense of anomie. The processes that move from collective exposure to violence to the collective reaffirmation of human rights are more likely to unfold in communities where violence transcended group boundaries than in communities where particular groups were disproportionately affected by the violence.
Uranium transfer and accumulation in organs of Danio rerio after waterborne exposure alone or combined with diet-borne exposure
Authors: Simon Olivier , Gagnaire Béatrice , Sommard Vivien , Pierrisnard Sylvie , Camilleri Virginie , Carasco Loic , Gilbin Rodolphe , Frelon Sandrine 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Uranium (U) toxicity patterns for fish have been mainly determined under laboratory-controlled waterborne exposure conditions. Because fish can take up metals from water and diet under in situ exposure conditions, a waterborne U exposure experiment (20 μg L−1, 20 d) was conducted in the laboratory to investigate transfer efficiency and target organ distribution in zebrafish Danio rerio compared with combined waterborne exposure (20 μg L−1) and diet-borne exposure (10.7 μg g−1). 233Uranium was used as a specific U isotope tracer for diet-borne exposure. Bioaccumulation was examined in the gills, liver, kidneys, intestine, and gonads of D. rerio. Concentrations in the organs after waterborne exposure were approximately 500 ng g−1 fresh weight, except in the intestine (&gt; 10 μg g−1 fresh wt) and the kidneys (200 ng g−1 fresh wt). No significant difference was observed between waterborne and diet-borne conditions. Trophic U transfer in organs was found but at a low level (&lt; 10 ng g−1 fresh wt). Surprisingly, the intestine appeared to be the main target organ after both tested exposure modalities. The gonads (57% at 20 d) and the liver (41% at 20 d) showed the highest accumulated relative U burdens. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:90–98. © 2018 SETAC
Sediment and biota trace element distribution in streams disturbed by upland industrial activity
Authors: Fletcher Dean E. , Lindell Angela H. , Seaman John C. , Stankus Paul T. , Fletcher Nathaniel D. , Barton Christopher D. , Biemiller Richard A. , McArthur J Vaun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Extensive industrial areas in headwater stream watersheds can severely impact the physical condition of streams and introduce contaminants. We compared 3 streams that received stormwater runoff and industrial effluents from industrial complexes to 2 reference streams. Reference streams provide a benchmark of comparison of geomorphic form and stability in coastal plain, sandy-bottomed streams as well as concentrations of trace elements in sediment and biota in the absence of industrial disturbance. We used crayfish (Cambarus latimanus, Procambarus raneyi, Procambarus acutus) and crane fly larvae (Tipula) as biomonitors of 15 trace elements entering aquatic food webs. Streams with industrial areas were more scoured, deeply incised, and less stable. Sediment organic matter content broadly correlated to trace element accumulation, but fine sediments and organic matter were scoured from the bottoms of disturbed streams. Trace element concentrations were higher in depositional zones than runs within all streams. Despite contaminant sources in the headwaters, trace element concentrations were generally not elevated in sediments of the eroded streams. However, element concentrations were frequently elevated in biota from these streams with taxonomic differences in accumulation amplified. In eroded, sand-bottomed coastal plain streams with unstable sediments, single snapshots of sediment trace element concentrations did not characterize well bioavailable trace elements. Biota that integrated exposures over time and space within their home ranges better detected bioavailable contaminants than sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:115–131. © 2018 SETAC
Evaluation of the DGT technique for predicting uptake of metal mixtures by fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and yellow lampmussel (Lampsilis cariosa)
Authors: Philipps Rebecca R. , Xu Xiaoyu , Bringolf Robert B. , Mills Gary L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) were assessed for their predictive capability of fathead minnow and yellow lampmussel bioaccumulation in copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) mixed metal exposures. Nine treatments with a matrix of 3 Cu and 3 Pb concentrations were utilized. Exposures were coupled, with organisms and DGT exposed in tanks for 6 days. The Cu measured in fish, mussel, and DGT was found not to be influenced by Pb treatment, whereas Pb accumulation was impacted by the interaction of Cu and Pb treatment. The Pb accumulation increased with increasing Cu concentration, which was attributed to the different speciation of Cu and Pb in the water where Cu binds preferentially to ligands, decreasing its bioavailability and concomitantly displacing Pb from complexing sites. The DGT values were significantly correlated with accumulated Cu and Pb in the fish, but not with Pb in the mussel. In addition, DGT was determined to better predict aquatic organism bioaccumulation of Cu than the inorganic Cu fraction calculated by the speciation model, because DGT accumulated not only inorganic metal fractions but also complexes of metal and organic matter. The present study provides insights into metal speciation in polluted environments, extends the understanding of using DGT as a tool for estimating metal bioavailability, and provides implications for the selection of geochemical modeling, biological sampling, and passive sampling techniques for monitoring trace metal contamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:61–70. © 2018 SETAC
LXRα Promotes Hepatosteatosis in Part Through Activation of MicroRNA‐378 Transcription and Inhibition of Ppargc1β Expression
Authors: Zhang Tianpeng , Duan Jiangyan , Zhang Lei , Li Zhuoyu , Steer Clifford J. , Yan Guiqin , Song Guisheng 
Published: October 2018

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major risk factor of many end‐stage liver diseases. Alterations in microRNA expression have been reported in patients with NAFLD. However, the transcriptional mechanism(s) of dysregulated microRNAs under the state of NAFLD is poorly described, and microRNAs that regulate the pathogenesis of NAFLD synergistically with their regulators remain unknown. Here we report that microRNA‐378 expression is significantly increased in fatty livers of mice and patients with NAFLD. Although microRNA‐378 locates within the intron of Ppargc1β (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1‐beta), there was a significant uncoupling of Ppargc1β mRNA and microRNA‐378 levels in both sources of fatty livers. Further studies identified a full‐length primary transcript of microRNA‐378. LXRα (liver X receptor alpha) functioned as a transcription activator of microRNA‐378 and a repressor of Ppargc1β transcription. It is known that miR‐378 is an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the function of Ppargc1β is opposite to that of miR‐378. GW3965 treatment (LXRα agonist) of murine hepatocytes and mice increased microRNA‐378 and reduced Ppargc1β, which subsequently impaired FAO and aggravated hepatosteatosis. In contrast, additional treatment of miR‐378 inhibitor or Ppargc1β, which knocked down increased miR‐378 or recovered expression of Ppargc1β, offset the effects of GW3965. Liver‐specific ablation of Lxrα led to decreased miR‐378 and increased Ppargc1β, which subsequently improved FAO and reduced hepatosteatosis. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that miR‐378 possesses its own transcription machinery, which challenges the well‐established dogma that miR‐378 transcription is controlled by the promoter of Ppargc1β. LXRα selectively activates transcription of miR‐378 and inhibits expression of Ppargc1β, which synergistically impairs FAO. In addition to lipogenesis, impaired FAO by miR‐378 in part contributes to LXRα‐induced hepatosteatosis.
Dynamic changes in serum chloride concentrations during worsening of heart failure and its recovery following conventional diuretic therapy: A single‐center study
Authors: Kataoka Hajime 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsFew data are available regarding the dynamic changes in the serum chloride concentrations in heart failure (HF) pathophysiology. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the serum chloride concentration under worsening HF and its recovery following conventional diuretic therapy.MethodsBlood test data, including measurements of serum albumin/solutes and b‐type natriuretic peptide, at both worsening and recovery of HF status, were obtained from 47 patients with definite HF.ResultsAmbulatory patients with HF were enrolled and followed up at the outpatient clinic of Nishida Hospital between June 2003 and March 2009. From clinically stable to worsening HF, the serum sodium concentration increased from (mean ± SD) 139 ± 4.1 to 141 ± 5.07 mEq/L (P < 0.05, two‐way analysis of variance) and the serum chloride concentration increased from 101 ± 5.36 to 104 ± 5.44 mEq/L (P < 0.01) among all patients. After resolution of worsening HF by treatment with conventional diuretics, both the serum sodium concentration and serum chloride concentration decreased significantly to 138 ± 5.12 and 99.5 ± 5.33 mEq/L, respectively (P < 0.0001 for each). The absolute changes in the serum sodium concentration from clinically stable HF to worsening HF appeared to be lesser than those in the serum chloride concentration (1.70 ± 4.34 vs 2.72 ± 6.02 mEq/L, P = 0.079, t test), but this was not statistically significant. Absolute changes in the serum sodium concentration from worsening HF to its recovery following treatment with conventional diuretics were lesser than those in the serum chloride concentration (−2.87 ± 4.38 vs −4.45 ± 5.23 mEq/L, P = 0.0068, t test).ConclusionUnder conventional diuretic therapy, greater changes occur in the serum chloride concentration than in the serum sodium concentration under HF state transitions, suggesting that chloride dynamics might contribute more to HF pathophysiology under such therapeutic circumstance.
RETRACTED: Multicenter randomized controlled trial assessing the impact of a cervical traction maneuver (Amr's maneuver) on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Hamdy Amr , Azmy Osama , Lotfy Rehab , Attia Ahmed A. , Elsherbini Moutaz M. , Al Sawaf Ahmed , Soliman Mahmoud M. , Sharaf Marwa F. , Kamel Ahmed , Abd El‐Raouf Mohamed N. , Salem Sondos , Rasheed Mazen A. , Torky Haitham , Issak Emad R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the impact of a cervical traction maneuver (Amr's maneuver) used in conjunction with active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL) on the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodThe present multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted in Cairo between March 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017. Women aged at least 18 years who had singleton pregnancies and were candidates for vaginal delivery were enrolled. After block randomization, AMTSL was performed for all participants. Following placental delivery, Amr's maneuver using cervical traction for 90 seconds was carried out in the study group. The primary outcome, incidence of PPH (>500 mL blood loss) within 6 hours of delivery, was compared between the study and control groups in an intention‐to‐treat analysis.ResultsThere were 852 patients randomized to the study (n=426) and control (n=426) groups. The incidence of PPH was significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group (6 [1.4%] vs 19 [4.5%]; P=0.015). Absolute risk reduction of 3.1% (95% CI 0.8–5.6), relative risk reduction of 0.32 (95% CI 0.13–0.78), and number needed to treat of 33 (95% CI 129–18) were observed in the study group.ConclusionAmr's maneuver was effective in decreasing the incidence of PPH.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02660567