bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Calibration of Sn‐Related Varshni Parameters for High Sn Content GeSn Layers
Authors: Bertrand Mathieu , Thai Quang‐Minh , Chrétien Jérémie , Pauc Nicolas , Aubin Joris , Milord Laurent , Gassenq Alban , Hartmann Jean‐Michel , Chelnokov Alexei , Calvo Vincent , Reboud Vincent 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFrom temperature‐dependent photoluminescence of a single Ge0.84Sn0.16 sample, Sn‐related Varshni parameters are extracted and used as input parameters in an 8‐band k·p model, and predict direct bandgap energies of high Sn content GeSn alloys with concentration varying from 8% to 16%. Then, exhaustively compared are the calculated direct Γ‐valley bandgap energies to photoluminescence results of 13% and 16% Sn content alloys and to direct bandgap energies found in literature. The agreement between k·p modeling and experimental datasets is close to 3% for different strain conditions of GeSn epilayers. The outcome of this study is an 8‐band k·p model with a fixed set of parameters, the model being self‐sufficient to describe the direct bandgap of Ge1−xSnx layers with x varying from 8% to 16% for large ranges of strain and temperature.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Dearomative [3+2]‐Cycloaddition of 3‐Nitroindoles and 2‐Nitrobenzofurans
Authors: Wang Huamin , Zhang Junyou , Tu Youshao , Zhang Junliang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOver the past years, the metal‐catalyzed dearomative cycloaddition of 3‐nitroindoles and 2‐nitrobenzofurans have emerged as a powerful protocol to construct chiral fused heterocyclic rings. However, organocatalytic dearomative reaction of these two classes of heteroarenes has become a long‐standing challenging task. Herein, we report the first example of phosphine‐catalyzed asymmetric dearomative [3+2]‐cycloadditio of 3‐nitroindoles and 2‐nitrobenzofurans, which provide a new, facile, and efficient protocol for the synthesis of chiral 2,3‐fused cyclopentannulated indolines and dihydrobenzofurans by reacting with allenoates and MBH carbonates, respectively through a dearomative [3+2]‐cycloaddition.
Anwendungen von Einzelzellmethoden in der mikrobiellen Naturstoffforschung
Authors: Cahn Jackson K. B. , Piel Jörn 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDie diversen Mikroorganismen, die Naturstoffe produzieren, sind eine wichtige Quelle für neuartige Therapeutika, Arzneimittelkandidaten und wissenschaftliche Hilfsmittel. Der allergrößte Teil der mikrobiellen Vielfalt konnte jedoch nicht axenisch kultiviert werden und gehört komplexen Lebensgemeinschaften an. Während meta′omische Methoden wie Metagenomik, ‐transkriptomik und ‐proteomik kollektive molekulare Merkmale der “mikrobiellen dunklen Materie” identifizieren, kann die Untersuchung einzelner Mikrobiom‐Bakterien eine Herausforderung sein. Um diese Limitierungen zu überwinden, wurden in den letzten eineinhalb Jahrzehnten mehrere Techniken für das Studium einzelner Bakterienzellen entwickelt. Während verschiedene dieser Methoden in der mikrobiellen Ökologie Verbreitung finden, werden sie bisher weniger häufig in der Naturstoffforschung eingesetzt. In diesem Aufsatz stellen wir die verfügbaren und neu aufkommenden Techniken für die gezielte Einzelzellanalyse vor, mit einem besonderen Schwerpunkt auf Anwendungen in der Entdeckung und Untersuchung von Naturstoffen.
A Sustainable Process for the Production of Varnishes Based on Pelargonic Acid Esters
Authors: Benessere Vincenzo , Cucciolito Maria E. , De Santis Augusta , Di Serio Martino , Esposito Roberto , Melchiorre Massimo , Nugnes Fiorella , Paduano Luigi , Ruffo Francesco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis work demonstrates the possibility of using pelargonic acid (PA) esters as solvents for vegetable‐based varnishes. First, PA was efficiently produced through a chemocatalytic cleavage of oleic acid, practicing an optimized scale‐up of previously developed conditions. PA was then esterified with several alcohols ROH (R = Me, i‐Pr, n‐Bu, n‐Hex, 2‐ethylhexyl, and sec‐octyl) and the products were formulated with a commercial rosin (Phenolic Modified Rosin Esters). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measures and determination of rheological parameters of the corresponding varnishes disclosed their suitability for applications in offset, coldset, heatset printing inks, and coatings. Furthermore, inks obtained were used to efficiently produce preliminary industrial offset prints.
Novel phosphinate‐containing zinc polyacrylate and its utilization as flame retardant for polyamides
Authors: Garth Kim , Döring Manfred , Kraemer Roland , Roth Michael , Thomas Carsten 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTA new organophosphorus, zinc‐containing polyacrylate is synthesized that has potential use as flame retardant for polyamides. To achieve this goal, the Phospha‐Michael addition is utilized to selectively add 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phospha‐phenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) to one acrylate group of zinc acrylate followed up by radical polymerization of the remaining acrylate group in a one‐pot approach. To verify the effectiveness of the synthesis method, it is compared to a second two‐step approach via diethyl zinc. In order to investigate the influence of molecular weight as well as phosphorus content on the flame retardant properties, the small‐molecule complex zincbis(3‐(6‐oxidodibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinin‐6‐yl)propionate) and the nonphosphorus thermoset poly(zinc diacrylate) are synthesized as well. All three substances are investigated as flame retardants for pure and glass‐fiber (GF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA 6) and 66 (PA 66) in different compounds with and without melamine polyphosphate (MPP). Most of the samples show excessive dripping in the vertical burning test UL‐94 V. However, V‐1 classification is achieved in GF‐reinforced PA 66 with the DOPO‐ and zinc‐containing polyacrylate in combination with MPP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47586.
Mechanical, wear, and dielectric behavior of TiO2 reinforced high‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: Ponnuruthiyil Shaji Akhil , Shaik Mahammad Ali , Golla Brahma Raju 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAlmost fully dense high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with submicron‐sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) ceramic filler (up to 40 vol %) was fabricated using compression molding. More than 98.5% ρth (theoretical density) could be obtained for all the HDPE compositions and its measured density varied between 0.94 and 2.25 g cc−1. The hardness of HDPE increased considerably from 32.6 to 69 MPa (i.e., by two times) with the addition of 40 vol % TiO2. The compression strength (19.03–34.16 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (0.49–1.05 GPa) of HDPE were also found to increase with the addition of TiO2 filler. However, the HDPE exhibited good ductility (59% strain) up to 20 vol % TiO2 and it was reduced with the further addition of TiO2. The strain decreased drastically to 7.6% for HDPE‐40 vol % TiO2. Addition of TiO2 filler leads to a considerable decrease in wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF). The wear studies revealed that the HDPE‐40% TiO2 composite exhibited a low wear rate of 1.82 × 10−5 mm3 N m−1 and COF of 0.13. The dielectric constant of HDPE (at 10 kHz) was also considerably increased from 5.31 to 20.02 with the addition of TiO2 up to 40 vol %. Achievement of such high dielectric constant for HDPE materials is the highest ever reported for HDPE. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47610.
Polyimide‐coated fabrics with multifunctional properties: Flame retardant, UV protective, and water proof
Authors: Sezer Hicyilmaz Ayse , Altin Yasin , Bedeloglu Ayse 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTMultifunctional technical textiles are of great interest both by industry and academia and these products are considered as high value‐added products that contribute to the economies of countries. In this study, polyamic acid (PAA) was synthesized through polycondensation of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) in dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) at low temperature. Then, PAA was coated onto woven cotton and polyester fabric by padding technique. Finally, polyimide (PI)‐coated multifunctional cotton and polyester fabrics were obtained by an easy coating technique and low‐temperature imidization. Thus, low cost, easily accessible and widely used cotton and polyester fabrics were converted to high‐performance textile products, which are flame retardant, UV protective, acid resistant, and waterproof. The chemical, thermal, morphological, optical, mechanical, wettability, chemical resistance, and flame retardancy properties of developed fabrics were investigated. Optical results showed that both PI‐coated cotton and polyester fabrics are UV‐A protective compared to noncoated fabrics. Moreover, PI‐coated samples have high contact angles which are 111.43° and 113.40° for PI‐coated cotton (PI‐c‐C) and PI‐coated polyester (PI‐c‐PET), respectively. Young's modulus of PI‐c‐PET fabrics increased four times more than noncoated polyester fabric. PI coating changed the burning behavior of both cotton and polyester fabrics in a positive way. All the test results showed that these developed multifunctional textile products might find an application in different industrial areas such as automotive, aerospace, protective clothing, and so on due to easy and inexpensive production techniques and also superior properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47616.
On Intraspecific and Interspecific Variation in Teleost Scleral Ossification
Authors: Kindl Gabriel H. , O'Quin Kelly E. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTScleral ossicles are bony elements found along the eyes of many fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. These bones provide a superficial layer of support to the eye and may facilitate visual acuity. Previous research has shown that scleral ossicle diversity is generally limited among teleosts, but that scleral ossicles have been lost numerous times among teleosts inhabiting benthopelagic habitats (Franz‐Odendaal. Anat Rec 291 (2008) 161–168). In this study, we further investigate these patterns of intraspecific and interspecific variation by examining eyes from multiple individuals of 10 riverine teleosts native to Kentucky as well as one population of the Mexican blind cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, and by re‐analyzing a quantitative database of scleral ossicle number and depth preference from over 100 teleosts using newly resolved teleost phylogenies. Consistent with the limited diversity of most teleost families, we find that intraspecific variation in scleral ossicle number and size is virtually nonexistent among the species sampled, although we do find evidence of additional interspecific variation among the Cyprinodontiformes, as well as dramatic intrapopulation variation among cavefish from Chica Cave. Although our data replicates the negative relationship between scleral ossicle number and the depth preference previously found among teleosts (Franz‐Odendaal. Anat Rec 291 (2008) 161–168), even when accounting for phylogenetic relationships, our results further reveal that this relationship is relatively weak. We conclude that further sampling may reveal additional interspecific and even intraspecific variation among some groups of teleosts, and that depth could serve as a proxy for other life history traits that more directly influence teleost scleral ossicle diversity such as prey‐capture strategies. Anat Rec, 302:1238–1249, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Easily‐prepared Hydroxy‐containing Receptors Recognize Anions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Morshedi Mahbod , Boer Stephanie A. , Thomas Michael , White Nicholas G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite their ready availability, O−H groups have received relatively little attention as anion recognition motifs. Here, we report two simple hydroxy‐containing anion receptors that are prepared in two facile steps followed by anion exchange, without the need for chromatographic purification at any stage. These receptors contain a pyridinium bis(amide) motif as well as hydroxyphenyl groups, and bind mono‐ and divalent anions in 9:1 CD3CN:D2O, showing a selectivity preference for sulfate. Notably, a “model” receptor that does not contain hydroxy groups shows only very weak sulfate binding in this competitive solvent mixture. In the solid state, X‐ray crystallographic studies show that the receptors tend to form extended assemblies with anions; however, 1H and DOSY NMR studies as well as molecular dynamics simulations show that only 1:1 complexes are present in solution. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that one of the receptors suffers from competing intramolecular hydrogen bonding, while another binds partially‐hydrated anions, with the receptor's O−H groups forming hydrogen bonds to water molecules within the anion's coordination sphere.
Bayesian analysis for step‐stress accelerated life testing under progressive interval censoring
Authors: Kohl Christian , Kateri Maria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA step‐stress accelerated life testing model is considered for progressive type‐I censored experiments when the tested items are not monitored continuously but inspected at prespecified time points, producing thus grouped data. The underlying lifetime distributions belong to a general scale family of distributions. The points of stress‐level change are simultaneously inspection points as well while there is the option of assigning additional inspection points in between the stress‐level change points. In a Bayesian framework, the posterior distributions of the parameters of the model are derived for characteristic choices of prior distributions, as conjugate‐like and normal priors; vague or noninformative. The developed approach is illustrated on a simulated example and on a real data set, both known from the literature. The results are compared to previous analyses; frequentist or Bayes.
Demonstration of allelopathy of horseradish root extract on lettuce seed
Authors: Simpson Tyler , Chiu Yu‐Chun , Richards‐Babb Michelle , Blythe Jessica M. , Ku Kang‐Mo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAllelopathy plays crucial roles in invasive plant viability and agricultural production systems. However, there is no well‐established hands‐on learning activity to teach the concept of allelopathy. Nor is there an activity which allows students to gain knowledge about glucosinolates and their corresponding enzyme, myrosinase, which are present in almost all Brassica crops. Lettuce germination was counted by the students from three different treatments including water treated with Parafilm sealing, horseradish treated with Parafilm sealing, and horseradish treated without Parafilm sealing. Additionally, lettuce root length was measured by students using ImageJ software from each treatment using pictures captured by students' smartphones. Students took an identical quiz as a pre‐laboratory and a post‐laboratory assignment. Their average scores on the pre‐laboratory and post‐laboratory quizzes were 3.14 and 6.56 out of 10, respectively, indicating the lab activity significantly improved students' understanding of allelopathy and glucosinolate‐myrosinase system. In addition, students (n = 76) completed a survey post‐laboratory to assess their self‐efficacy. This simple and cost‐effective laboratory activity improved students' knowledge and skill development as it made learning more inviting, meaningful, and fun. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):333–340, 2019.
Neural stem cell therapy for stroke: A multimechanistic approach to restoring neurological function
Authors: Baker Emily W. , Kinder Holly A. , West Franklin D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionNeural stem cells (NSCs) have demonstrated multimodal therapeutic function for stroke, which is the leading cause of long‐term disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. In preclinical stroke models, NSCs have been shown to modulate inflammation, foster neuroplasticity and neural reorganization, promote angiogenesis, and act as a cellular replacement by differentiating into mature neural cell types. However, there are several key technical questions to address before NSC therapy can be applied to the clinical setting on a large scale.Purpose of ReviewIn this review, we will discuss the various sources of NSCs, their therapeutic modes of action to enhance stroke recovery, and considerations for the clinical translation of NSC therapies. Understanding the key factors involved in NSC‐mediated tissue recovery and addressing the current translational barriers may lead to clinical success of NSC therapy and a first‐in‐class restorative therapy for stroke patients.
Self‐determination among adolescents with physical disabilities in Zimbabwean inclusive‐community setting: an exploratory study
Authors: Mpofu Jabulani , Sefotho Maximus M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore self‐determination among adolescents with physical disabilities living in inclusive‐community settings of Makonde Urban, Zimbabwe. An inclusive community is one that aims to remove exclusionary practices within the community and promote community systems that accept all people irrespective of their difference. Inclusive communities on their own are not uniquely designed for people with disabilities, but they have been adopted by most developing countries as a basic strategy to influence and enhance self‐determination among people with disabilities. A constructivist‐lived experience perspective underpinned this research, in which multiple case studies were used to interact with the participants on inclusion and self‐determination in adolescents with physical disabilities. Fourteen participants, 9 males and 5 females, were purposively sampled. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews and transcribed verbatim. Three themes emerged from the inductive thematic analysis of data sources. It was found that participants were having low levels of self‐determination in choosing inclusive‐community activities to participate at home, at school, and in their communities. The findings of this study have the potential for the inclusive communities' policy makers and researchers to better understand the level of self‐determination in choosing inclusive‐community activities to participate among adolescents with physical disabilities in inclusive‐community settings.
Fluorescence Properties of Flavin Semiquinone Radicals in Nitronate Monooxygenase
Authors: Su Dan , Kabir Mohammad Pabel , Orozco‐Gonzalez Yoelvis , Gozem Samer , Gadda Giovanni 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFluorescent cofactors like flavins can be exploited to probe their local environment with spatial and temporal resolution. Although the fluorescence properties of the oxidized and two‐electron‐reduced states of flavins have been studied extensively, this is not the case for the one‐electron‐reduced state. Both the neutral and anionic semiquinones have proven particularly challenging to examine, as they are unstable in solution and are transient, short‐lived species in many catalytic cycles. Here, we report that the nitronate monooxygenase (NMO) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 is capable of stabilizing both semiquinone forms anaerobically for hours, thus enabling us to study their spectroscopy in a constant protein environment. We found that in the active site of NMO, the anionic semiquinone exhibits no fluorescence, whereas the neutral semiquinone radical shows a relatively strong fluorescence, with a behavior that violates the Kasha–Vavilov rule. These fluorescence properties are discussed in the context of time‐dependent density functional theory calculations, which reveal low‐lying dark states in both systems.
An incidental intracranial lesion in a young woman with head trauma: The key role of CT bone reconstruction in the diagnosis of an osteoma of the anterior cranial fossa
Authors: Gkasdaris Grigorios , Birbilis Theodossios , Ioannidis Orestis , Tsalis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageA young female was subjected to brain CT due to head trauma after a car accident. A lesion was found in the area of the right frontal lobe raising concern. After reconstruction of the CT slices, the radiologic features indicated a skull base osteoma, without the need for further intervention.
Visible Light Mediated C(sp3)‐H Alkenylation of Cyclic Ethers Enabled by Aryl Ketone
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Yang Liming , Yang Hui , An Guanghui , Li Guangming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractC−H alkenylation of cyclic ethers (THF, 1,4‐dioxane) using the readily available nitroalkenes as the alkenylating reagents has been developed. It allows the rapid access to the α‐alkenyl ethers with high E‐selectivity. The previous inaccessible α‐dienyl ethers are successfully obtained. Acyclic ether can also participate in this alkenylation process. The mechanism study reveals that alkenylation proceeded through a proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) process with a de‐nitration.
Facilitating Tetrafluoroborate Intercalation into Graphite Electrodes from Ethylmethyl Carbonate‐Based Solutions
Authors: Huang Yuhao , Fan Hui , Kamezaki Hisamitsu , Kang Bo , Yoshio Masaki , Wang Hongyu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKinetically facile intercalation of anions into graphite electrodes is essential for the good performance of dual‐ion batteries. The intercalation of BF4− anions into graphite electrodes is found to be strongly impeded in the electrolyte of 1.25 m LiBF4−ethylmethyl carbonate. For this, both the strong attraction between Li+ and BF4− clusters and the special solvation state of the anion are to blame. Two strategies are employed to tailor the solvation states of ions in the solutions, which prove easy and effective in facilitating anion intercalation into graphite electrodes.
Synthetic, Structural, and RNA Binding Studies on 2‐Aminopyridine‐Modified Triplex‐Forming Peptide Nucleic Acids
Authors: Kotikam Venubabu , Kennedy Scott D. , MacKay James A. , Rozners Eriks 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe development of new RNA‐binding ligands is attracting increasing interest in fundamental science and the pharmaceutical industry. The goal of this study was to improve the RNA binding properties of triplex‐forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) by further increasing the pKa of 2‐aminopyridine (M). Protonation of M was the key for enabling triplex formation at physiological pH in earlier studies. Substitution on M by an electron‐donating 4‐methoxy substituent resulted in slight destabilization of the PNA–dsRNA triplex, contrary to the expected stabilization due to more favorable protonation. To explain this unexpected result, the first NMR structural studies were performed on an M‐modified PNA–dsRNA triplex which, combined with computational modeling identified unfavorable steric and electrostatic repulsion between the 4‐methoxy group of M and the oxygen of the carbonyl group connecting the adjacent nucleobase to PNA backbone. The structural studies also provided insights into hydrogen‐bonding interactions that might be responsible for the high affinity and unusual RNA‐binding preference of PNAs.