bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing a new rill flow resistance approach using the Water Erosion Prediction Project experimental database
Authors: Nicosia Alessio , Di Stefano Costanza , Pampalone Vincenzo , Palmeri Vincenzo , Ferro Vito , Nearing Mark A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a recently theoretically deduced rill flow resistance equation, based on a power‐velocity profile, was tested using the Water Erosion Prediction Project database. This database includes measurements of flow velocity, water depth, cross section area, wetted perimeter, and bed slope that were made in rills shaped on experimental sites distributed across the continental United States. In particular, three different experimental conditions (only rainfall, only flow, and rain with flow) were examined, and for each condition, the theoretically based relationship for estimating the Γ function of the power velocity profile was calibrated. The results established that (a) the Darcy‐Weisbach friction factor can be accurately estimated using the proposed theoretical approach, and (b) the flow resistance increases with the effect of rainfall impact.
Alternative analysis of transient infiltration experiment to estimate soil water repellency
Authors: Alagna Vincenzo , Iovino Massimo , Bagarello Vincenzo , Mataix‐Solera Jorge , Lichner Lubomir 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe repellency index (RI) defined as the adjusted ratio between soil‐ethanol, Se, and soil‐water, Sw, sorptivities estimated from minidisk infiltrometer experiments has been used instead of the widely used water drop penetration time and molarity of ethanol drop tests to assess soil water repellency. However, sorptivity calculated by the usual early‐time infiltration equation may be overestimated as the effects of gravity and lateral capillary are neglected. With the aim to establish the best applicative procedure to assess RI, different approaches to estimate Se and Sw were compared that make use of both the early‐time infiltration equation (namely, the 1 min, S1, and the short‐time linearization approaches), and the two‐term axisymmetric infiltration equation, valid for early to intermediate times (namely, the cumulative linearization and differentiated linearization approaches). The dataset included 85 minidisk infiltrometer tests conducted in three sites in Italy and Spain under different vegetation habitats (forest of Pinus pinaster and Pinus halepensis, burned pine forest, and annual grasses), soil horizons (organic and mineral), postfire treatments, and initial soil water contents. The S1 approach was inapplicable in 42% of experiments as water infiltration did not start in the first minute. The short‐time linearization approach yielded a systematic overestimation of Se and Sw that resulted in an overestimation of RI by a factor of 1.57 and 1.23 as compared with the cumulative linearization and differentiated linearization approaches. A new repellency index, RIs, was proposed as the ratio between the slopes of the linearized data for the wettable and hydrophobic stages obtained by a single water infiltration test. For the experimental conditions considered, RIs was significantly correlated with RI and WDPT. Compared with RI, RIs includes information on both soil sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity and, therefore, it can be considered more physically linked to the hydrological processes affected by soil water repellency.
Making sense of conflicting information: A touchscreen paradigm to measure young children's selective trust
Authors: Hermes Jonas , Rakoczy Hannes , Behne Tanya 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMuch recent research has shown that children from age 4 onwards reveal a robust preference for reliable over unreliable informants when choosing whom to trust and learn from. Findings concerning selective model choice in children younger than 4 years have mostly been mixed. The present study developed a new touchscreen‐based paradigm with reduced task demands in order to test 2‐ and 3‐year‐old children (N = 48). Results showed that 3‐year‐olds selectively endorsed information from a previously reliable rather than a previously unreliable informant when searching for objects whereas 2‐year‐olds just followed the first hint even if provided by an unreliable informant. Whether the lack of selective model choice in 2‐year‐olds reflects competence or performance deficits remains to be clarified. But the present results do suggest that 3‐years‐olds have the basic competence to selectively choose reliable over unreliable informants that may have been masked in some previous studies by task demands.Highlights

The paper develops a novel touchscreen‐based search paradigm to test young children's selective trust with reduced task demands.
Three‐year‐olds chose selectively between conflicting hints, whereas 2‐year‐olds followed the first hint even if provided by an unreliable informant.
Shen’ge powder decreases the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in chronic heart failure by activating the Rho protein/Rho‐associated coiledcoil forming protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Yan Xinpeng , Jiao Kai , Song Xiaozheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe current study aimed to explore the role and the molecular mechanism of Shen’ge powder in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in chronic heart failure (CHF).MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats were selected for the study and divided randomly into four groups: control, model, Shen’ge powder, and fasudil group. An inverted microscope was used to determine the diameter of cardiomyocytes in each group. The survival and apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes in each group was determined by the tetrazolium dye MTT 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The messenger RNA levels and protein expression of RhoA, Rho‐associated coiled‐coil forming protein kinase (ROCK), myosin light‐chain phosphatase (MLCP), and myosin light‐chain kinase (MLCK) were determined by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively.ResultsCHF increased the diameter and apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes and decreased the survival rate of cardiomyocytes. The levels of RhoA, ROCK, and MLCK were increased significantly in CHF model rats, and the level of MLCP was decreased. After treating with Shen’ge powder, the expression of RhoA, ROCK, and MLCK decreased dramatically and the expression of MLCP increased.ConclusionShen’ge powder could reduce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in CHF by regulating the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway.
Chinese herbal decoction of Wenshen Yangxue formula improved fertility and pregnancy rate in mice through PI3K/Akt signaling
Authors: Xin Mingwei , He Junqin , Zhang Ying , Wu Ying , Yang Wei , Liang Xinyun , Yin Xiaodan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an effective management to infertility. The association between TCM‐mediated fertility and inhibition of phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) would be investigated.MethodsInstitute of Cancer Research mice were treated with three herbal decoctions, named Wenshen Yangxue formula, Wenshen formula, and Yangxue formula, plus with human gonadotropins. PI3K inhibitor wortmannin was administrated to half of mice. Some index such as body weight, fertility ability would be investigated. The expression of P13K/Akt signaling was detected by using Western blot analysis.ResultsNo difference was observed in body weight among groups. Mice receiving the administration of human gonadotropins and herbal decoctions showed increased follicle numbers, percentage of fertilization, and promoted embryonic development. The treatment of Wenshen Yangxue formula decoction showed the highest efficiency, significant higher than Wenshen and Yangxue formulas. And increased the expression of p‐PI3K and p‐Akt proteins.ConclusionThese results suggested the herbal decoctions promoted the fertilization of mice, which was related to the charge of PI3K/Akt activation.
LncRNA H19/miR‐194/PFTK1 axis modulates the cell proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sun Yunpeng , Zhu Qiandong , Yang Wenjun , Shan Yunfeng , Yu Zhengping , Zhang Qiyu , Wu Huanhuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a huge challenge due to its high mortality and morbidity; gene therapy might be a promising treatment for PDAC. The critical role of Wnt‐signaling pathway in cancer pathogenesis has been widely recognized; cyclin‐dependent kinase 14 (CDK14, PFTK1)‐induced low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related proteins 5/6 (LRP5/6) phosphorylation is an important issue in Wnt‐signaling activation. Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA)‐microRNA (miRNA)‐messenger RNA (mRNA) modulating the pathogenesis of cancers has been regarded as a major mechanism. In the current study, upregulated lncRNAs positively correlated with PFTK1 were analyzed and selected using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Of them, lncRNA H19 can activate Wnt signaling in cancers. In PDAC tissues, the expression of H19 and PFTK1 were upregulated; H19 knockdown suppressed the cell proliferation and migration of PDAC, while PFTK1 overexpression partially attenuated the suppressive effect of H19 knockdown. As analyzed by TCGA and predicted by online tools, miR‐194 was negatively correlated with PFTK1 and might bind to both H19 and PFTK1, which was further confirmed by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Moreover, the effect of H19 knockdown on PFTK1 protein and the cell proliferation and migration could be partially reversed by miR‐194 inhibition; H19/miR‐194 axis modulated PDAC cell proliferation and migration through PFTK1 downstream Wnt signaling. Results suggested that rescuing miR‐194 expression in PDAC can inhibit lncRNA H19 and PFTK1 expression, subsequently suppressing PDAC cell proliferation and migration. Due to the complexity of the lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network, further in vivo experiments examining potential side effects are needed in future study to explore the clinical application of these findings.
Long noncoding RNA POU3F3 promotes cancer cell proliferation in prostate carcinoma by upregulating rho‐associated protein kinase 1
Authors: Wan Xiaodong , Xiang Jun , Zhang Qimin , Bian Cuidong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) POU3F3 is overexpressed in esophageal squamous‐cell carcinomas, while its role in other human cancers is unclear. In this study we found that POU3F3 and rho‐associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) were both increased in tumor tissues than in adjacent healthy tissues of patients with prostate carcinoma. Expression levels of POU3F3 increased with increase in the diameter of tumor but were not significantly affected by lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis. Expression levels of POU3F3 and ROCK1 were positive correlated in tumor tissues but not in adjacent healthy tissues. POU3F3 and ROCK1 overexpression promoted, while ROCK1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of prostate carcinoma cells. ROCK1 knockdown reduced the enhancing effect of POU3F3 overexpression on cancer cell proliferation. POU3F3 overexpression led to ROCK1 overexpression in prostate carcinoma cells, while ROCK1 overexpression did not significantly affect POU3F3 expression. Therefore, lncRNA POU3F3 may promote cancer cell proliferation in prostate carcinoma by upregulating ROCK1.
Disorders in NADPH generation via pentose phosphate pathway influence the reproductive potential of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast due to changes in redox status
Authors: Kwolek‐Mirek Magdalena , Maslanka Roman , Molon Mateusz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntermediary metabolites have a crucial impact on basic cell functions. There is a relationship between cellular metabolism and redox balance. To maintain redox homoeostasis, the cooperation of both glutathione and nicotine adenine dinucleotides is necessary. Availability of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a major electron donor is critical for many intracellular redox reactions. The activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (Zwf1p) and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Gnd1p and Gnd2p) is responsible for NADPH formation in a pentose phosphate (PP) pathway. In this study, we examine the impact of redox homoeostasis on cellular physiology and proliferation. We have noted that the Δzwf1 mutant lacking the rate‐limiting enzyme of the PP pathway shows changes in the cellular redox status caused by disorders in NADPH generation. This leads to a decrease in reproductive potential but without affecting the total lifespan of the cell. The results presented in this paper show that nicotine adenine dinucleotides play a central role in cellular physiology.
Combined testing for herpes simplex virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with aseptic meningitis in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Zida Sylvie , Kolia‐Diafouka Pratt , Kania Dramane , Sotto Albert , Foulongne Vincent , Bolloré Karine , Ouangraoua Soumeya , Méda Nicolas , Carrère‐Kremer Séverine , Van de Perre Philippe , Tuaillon Edouard 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundLittle is known about the involvement of herpes simplex virus (HSV) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as potentially curable causes of central nervous system (CNS) infections in sub‐Saharan Africa.ObjectiveIn this study, we developed a PCR assay dedicated to simultaneous testing of HSV1/HSV2 and MTB in Burkina Faso, a country where HSV is neglected as a cause of CNS infection and where TB prevalence is high.MethodsA consensus HSV1/HSV2 set of primers and probe were designed and combined to primers and probe targeting the IS6110 repetitive insertion sequence of MTB. Analytical performances of the assay were evaluated on reference materials. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from subjects with aseptic meningitis was tested for HSV1/HSV2 and MTB DNA.ResultsThe UL29 gene was chosen as a highly conserved region targeted by the HSV1/HSV2 nucleic acid test. The lower limits of detection were estimated to be 2.45 copies/µL for HSV1, 1.72 copies/µL for HSV2, and 2.54 IS6110 copies per µL for MTB. The PCR was used in 202 CSF collected from subjects suspected of aseptic meningitis. Five samples (2.46%) tested positive, including two children positive for HSV1 (0.99%) and three adults tested positive for MTB (1.47%).ConclusionUsing an in‐house real‐time PCR assay, we showed that both HSV and MTB are etiologic pathogens contributing to aseptic meningitis in Burkina Faso. This molecular test may have clinical utility for early diagnosis for those treatable CNS infections.
Importance of sample volume to the measurement and interpretation of plasma osmolality
Authors: Sollanek Kurt J. , Kenefick Robert W. , Cheuvront Samuel N. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundSmall sample volumes may artificially elevate plasma osmolality (Posm) measured by freezing point depression. The purpose of this study was to compare two widely different sample volumes of measured Posm (mmol/kg) to each other, and to calculated osmolarity (mmol/L), across a physiological Posm range (~50 mmol/kg).MethodsPosm was measured using freezing point depression and osmolarity calculated from measures of sodium, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen. The influence of sample volume was investigated by comparing 20 and 250 μL Posm samples (n = 126 pairs). Thirty‐two volunteers were tested multiple times while EUH (n = 115) or DEH (n = 11) by −4.0% body mass. Protinol™ (240, 280, and 320 mmol/kg) and Clinitrol™ (290 mmol/kg) reference solutions were compared similarly (n = 282 pairs).ResultsThe 20 μL samples of plasma showed a 7 mmol/kg positive bias compared to 250 μL samples and displayed a nearly constant proportional error across the range tested (slope = 0.929). Calculated osmolarity was lower than 20 μL Posm by the same negative bias (−6.9 mmol/kg) but not different from 250 μL Posm (0.1 mmol/kg). The differences between 20 and 250 μL samples of Protinol™ were significantly higher than Clinitrol™.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that Posm measured by freezing point depression will be ~7 mmol/kg higher when using 20 μL vs 250 μL sample volumes. Approximately half of this effect may be due to plasma proteins. Posm sample volume should be carefully considered when calculating the osmole gap or assessing hydration status.
Hereditary graph classes: When the complexities of coloring and clique cover coincide
Authors: Blanché Alexandre , Dabrowski Konrad K. , Johnson Matthew , Paulusma Daniël 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA graph is ‐free for a pair of graphs if it contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to or . In 2001, Král et al initiated a study into the complexity of coloring for ‐free graphs. Since then, others have tried to complete their study, but many cases remain open. We focus on those ‐free graphs where is , the complement of . As these classes are closed under complementation, the computational complexities of coloring and clique cover coincide. By combining new and known results, we are able to classify the complexity of coloring and clique cover for ‐free graphs for all cases except when for or for . We also classify the complexity of coloring on graph classes characterized by forbidding a finite number of self‐complementary induced subgraphs, and we initiate a study of ‐
coloring for ‐free graphs.
Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Evaluation of N‐Substituted‐1‐(3‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)‐N‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide Derivatives
Authors: Wu Zhibing , Yang Guangqian , Zhao Xin , Wu Jiangchun , Wu Shixi 
Published: November 2018

A series of 1‐(3‐chloropyridin‐2‐yl)‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives which have di‐substituents on nitrogen were designed and synthesized. Bioassay results showed that all the synthetic compounds exhibited lower antifungal activities against Gibberella zeae, Cytospora mandshurica, and Fusarium oxysporum than T3 (14.7, 21.1, and 32.7 μg/mL), but some of them exhibited better activities against Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum than T3 (>200, >200, and >200 μg/mL); the EC50 values of 7d and 7c against B. cinerea were 94.9 and 56.2 μg/mL, respectively. The EC50 values of 7a, 7d, and 7c against S. sclerotiorum were 73.5, 78.7, and 68.5 μg/mL, respectively.
Presentation and eustachian tube function test results in children evaluated at a specialty clinic
Authors: Alper Cuneyt M. , Teixeira Miriam S. , Richert Beverly C. , Douglas Swarts J. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisInterest in eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction (ETD) has increased with the recent Food and Drug Administration approval of a new device for balloon dilation of the ET (BDET) in adults. However, children have been receiving BDET treatment with ET‐specific or sinus balloons around the world and off‐label in the United States for years. It is important, therefore, to understand the manifestations of and methods to verify ETD in children.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of clinical presentations and results of ET function (ETF) tests in children referred to the ETD clinic. An otorhinolaryngology exam, nasopharyngeal videoendoscopy of the ET orifices during swallow and maneuvers, and ETF tests, including inflation deflation, forced response test, and pressure chamber tests, were performed as applicable.ResultsData for 30 children aged 6.2 to 17.3 years (mean = 12.9 ± 2.8 years) were analyzed. Of 60 ears, 19 (31.7%) had an intact tympanic membrane (TM), 16 (26.7%) had a patent and two had a blocked ventilation tube, and 23 (38.3%) had a TM perforation. Endoscopy of the nasopharynx revealed a large amount of secretions in 19/45 (42.2%); ET orifices and mucosal inflammation in 22/45 (48.8%); a large amount of adenoid tissue in the fossa of Rosenmuller was noted in 21/45 (46.7%). ETF tests revealed abnormal active function in 43/54 ears (79.6%) and abnormal passive function in 40/54 ears (74.1%).ConclusionsETD in children is often associated with residual or regrowth of adenoids and inflammation. Caution should be taken assigning a uniform phenotype and treatment prior to thorough evaluation and testing.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:1218–1228, 2019
Enzyme‐Mediated In Situ Buildup and Site‐Specific Addressing of Polymeric Coatings
Authors: Appel Daniel , Wedegärtner David , Lüther Marco , Strube Oliver I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFormation of site‐specific deposition of polymeric particles and films with controllable parameters via enzyme‐mediated addressing is investigated. The polymers are synthesized in situ by combining the addressing process with enzyme‐mediated radical polymerization, using the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. As a model system, the technically important poly(methyl methacrylate) is formed and addressed on both glass‐ and polyethylene supports.The key to the controllability is the influence of different reaction parameters on particle formation, namely, the concentration of H2O2 and the pH show the most significant impact. With higher concentrations of H2O2, size and amount of gained particles increases, due to H2O2 being a limiting factor to the reaction. Moreover, since acetyl acetone forms the end‐group of the polymer chains, the pH directly influences the particle stability in addition to affecting the enzyme activity. This effect can be utilized to gain either films or particle assemblies at will. Deposition occurs highly site‐specific, exclusively on enzyme‐functionalized areas, enabling patterned coating structures within a safe, energy efficient, and easy‐to‐apply process.
Operators with Wentzell boundary conditions and the Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann operator
Authors: Binz Tim , Engel Klaus‐Jochen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper we relate the generator property of an operator A with (abstract) generalized Wentzell boundary conditions on a Banach space X and its associated (abstract) Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann operator N acting on a “boundary” space . Our approach is based on similarity transformations and perturbation arguments and allows to split A into an operator A00 with Dirichlet‐type boundary conditions on a space X0 of states having “zero trace” and the operator N. If A00 generates an analytic semigroup, we obtain under a weak Hille–Yosida type condition that A generates an analytic semigroup on X if and only if N does so on . Here we assume that the (abstract) “trace” operator is bounded that is typically satisfied if X is a space of continuous functions. Concrete applications are made to various second order differential operators.
A new proof of the Barton–Timoney theorem on the bidual of a ‐triple
Authors: Rodríguez Palacios Ángel , Cabrera García Miguel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBy deeply refining previous results of Dineen [8], Barton and Timoney [2] proved that the bidual of any ‐triple J becomes a ‐triple under a triple product which extends that of J and is separately ‐continuous. In this note we give a simpler new proof of the above theorem.