bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sauter–Schwinger effect with a quantum gas
Authors: Piñeiro A M , Genkina D , Lu Mingwu , Spielman I B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The creation of particle–antiparticle pairs from vacuum by a large electric field is at the core of quantum electrodynamics. Despite the wide acceptance that this phenomenon occurs naturally when electric field strengths exceed E
c ≈ 1018 V m−1, it has yet to be experimentally observed due to the limitations imposed by producing electric fields at this scale. The high degree of experimental control present in ultracold atomic systems allow experimentalists to create laboratory analogs to high-field phenomena. Here we emulated massive relativistic particles subject to large electric field strengths, thereby quantum-simulated particle–antiparticle pair creation, and experimentally explored particle creation from ‘the Dirac vacuum’. Data collected from our analog system spans the full parameter regime from low applied field (negligible pair creation) below the Sauter–Schwinger limit, to high field (maximum rate of pair creation) far in excess of the Sauter–Schwinger limit. In our experiment, we perform direct measurements on an analog atomic system and show that this high-field phenomenon is well-characterized by Landau–Zener tunneling, well known in the atomic physics context, and we find full quantitative agreement with theory with no adjustable parameters.
Contrasting the evolution of moderate and extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole events
Authors: Hermawanto A. , Wu Lixin , Mamenun  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A recent study suggested, due to greenhouse warming, the frequency of extreme positive IOD (pIOD) events will increase in the future However, there is no information about the different character between extreme and moderate events During the period of 1979-2014, we identified 3 extreme and 4 moderate events Based on composite analysis of surface wind, sea surface temperature (SST) and temperature of the upper ocean, it is indicated there is a distinction on temporal and spatial evolution of equatorial easterly wind anomaly (EEWA) and the mean depth of 20°C isotherm (thermocline) over the eastern part of the equatorial Indian ocean The EEWA was started around June (October) and retreat in November for extreme (moderate) events The thermocline of extreme (moderate) events also showed an earlier shallowing, started in May (October) and reached the most shallow of depth around November Indicating that, during extreme events, the positive Bjerkness feedback strengthened earlier Using mixed layer heat budget analysis, it is revealed that during moderate events, the ocean dynamic process dominantly influences the cooling process of SST only in the peak phase, while during extreme events, the ocean dynamic process has dominant role in the whole process (from initial until peak phase) The early coupled process of EEWA and thermocline in shaping strong SST cooling gives time for us to monitor the developments of extreme pIOD and prepare mitigation against the impact at the peak phase However, the results presented in this study are based on limited samples from observations, thus requiring further clarification with numerical models and analysis of ensemble long integrations.
The dynamics of negative Indian Ocean Dipole (nIOD) and its relation to the anomalous high rainfall in West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Hatmaja R B , Rusmanansari A H , Radjawane I M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
West Java Province is the most vulnerable region to hydro-meteorological disasters (i.e. flood and landslide) in Indonesia. One of the main causes of these disasters is high level of rainfall. There were many global phenomena caused an increase in rainfall level in Indonesia, one of them was the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), especially its negative phase. By using the Dipole Mode Index (DMI), IOD strength or intensity can be determined. Besides, the composite analysis of anomalous sea surface temperature (SST), wind, and rainfall were constructed to examine the dynamics of the negative IOD and its relation to the high rainfall level in West Java. During the negative IOD (nIOD), the significant positive (negative) anomalous SST appeared around May in eastern (western-central) of Indian Ocean. The intensity of anomalous SST in the following months reached its peak in September and accompanied by strong anomalous north-westerly wind. Furthermore, the high SST and anomalous wind increased the convection activity in the southern Java Island, and consequently, the level of rainfall in West Java increased up to 8.92 mm/day and may lead the risk of hydro-meteorological disaster.
Comparison of Heat Flux Observation at Three Different Locations around Bandung, West Java
Authors: Junnaedhi I D G A , Muchtar K , Herho S H S , Kombara P Y , Fajary F R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We observed heat flux profiles at three different locations around Bandung, West Java. Heat flux values were calculated using the covariance method with the vertical flow and potential air temperature fluctuation parameters. Observations have shown diurnal patterns in the three observation locations. Increasing heat flux during morning time flux on all three location shows similar pattern, but decreasing heat flux on the afternoon varies between locations. Urban residential area of Dago shows the most distinct pattern, with a rapid decrease in the afternoon and also after midnight. We also compared observed heat flux data with estimate values using the Bulk Parameterization method. We found that the estimated heat flux was not able to produce values in accordance with the observation data. Wind shear factor and inadequate implementation of the Bulk Parameterization method were thought to causing poor estimation of surface heat flux in Bandung. Improvements in this method, especially on the bulk transfer coefficient and surface skin temperature, are necessary to get better estimation result.
Trend of rainfall over Indonesian major lakes from tropical rainfall measuring mission data
Authors: Hidayat  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Establishing patterns of natural variability of water resources in lakes is important for water management. However, the availability of reliable data often becomes obstacles, especially in ungauged regions. Rainfall products from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) potentially fill this gap. The aim of this study is to assess the trend of rainfall over Indonesian major lakes using TRMM rainfall estimates to investigate the natural variability of rainfall over the lakes. TRMM 3B43 monthly data over the period of 1998–2017 obtained from Giovanni data portal maintained by NASA were used to assess the trend of rainfall over Indonesian major lakes. Rainfall correlation with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability was also investigated using Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI). Trend analysis was carried out using Mann-Kendall test. Rainfall depths over Lake Laut Tawar in Sumatra tend to gradually decline, which is confirmed by the Mann-Kendall test. Result of the test of rainfall over all other investigated lakes on Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, and Java indicate no trends except for that of Lake Paniai on Papua, which indicates an increasing trend.
Local Climate Zone classification for climate-based urban planning using Landsat 8 Imagery (A case study in Yogyakarta Urban Area)
Authors: Pradhesta Y F , Nurjani E , Arijuddin B I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Urbanization of the last decade contributed to the urban morphological changes in Yogyakarta Urban Area (YUA). These conditions have an impact on local climate zone variations. There is an urgent need for enhanced climate-based urban planning. This study aims to: 1) Classify the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) in YUA using the World Urban Database Access and Portal Tool (WUDAPT) method, and 2) develop climate-based urban planning recommendations of the classification results. WUDAPT method used in this research based on the concept of LCZ framework by utilizing Landsat 8 imagery. LCZ classification of the whole area is determined using random forest classifier algorithm by SAGA GIS. The results of this study indicate that there are 12 LCZs in YUA, consisting of 6 types of LCZ based on building type and 6 LCZs based on land cover type. The highest increase of LST are in LCZ 3 and LCZ 5. Consequently, there’s a change in diurnal temperature from low to medium. Therefore, the thermal comfort aspect define by four components of LCZ is important in YUA urban planning strategy.
Exposure of dryland Farming to the ENSO Phenomenon in Kebumen District
Authors: Utami T I , Handayani T , Kuswantoro  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The impact of the ENSO phenomenon causes a shift in the pattern of rainy and dry season. This will affect the agricultural activities Kebumen regency, crop failure and decreased productivity are few of the results of such impacts. This study aims to find the exposure pattern of dryland agriculture in Kebumen regency towards ENSO phenomenon and its association with maize productivity. The Data used is the daily rainfall period of 1986-2016 from 32 observer rain stations. There are five parameters to identify exposures are early deviation and duration of a dry season, rainfall of the maize, the maize harvest, the number of rainy days in maize harvest and the method used is scoring and overlay. The pattern of high exposure to dryland agriculture tends to be in mountainous areas. The El Nino Period of 2015 does not result in dryland agriculture Significantly being exposed due to low exposure, while the La Nina period results in moderate to high exposure cleaning Because land does not require too much water. In the El Nino period of 2015, maize productivity tends to rise 43% from normal conditions. In the La Nina period in 2010, the productivity of maize dropped by 63% Compared to normal conditions.
Temporal and spatial variation of surface heat flux in Makassar Strait
Authors: Radjawane I M , Hatmaja R B , Manullang J F , Trilaksono N J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Indonesian Seas have an important role on the sea-air interaction in Indo-Pacific region. Makassar Strait is located in the center of Indonesian Seas and part of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), which has been influenced due to the coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon in Pacific and Indian Oceans, such as monsoon, El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The temporal and spatial variation of surface heat flux in Makassar Strait has been evaluated using the multi satellite dataset from 1984-2009. The remote sensing data with resolution of 1° × 1° obtained from Objectively Analyzed air-sea Fluxes (OAFlux) produced by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). The results show that there is a seasonal fluctuation of surface heat flux related to the wind monsoon. The variation of the shortwave radiation and latent heat flux give a large contribution to the net surface heat flux that associated with ENSO and IOD events. In Makassar Strait, the variation of shortwave radiation and sea surface temperature (SST) is in a good agreement with the El-Niño/La-Niña events. There is a time lag between surface heat fluxes with the ENSO events.
The Distribution of Rainwater Acidity in Bandung
Authors: Indrawati A , Tanti D Aries , Budiwati T , Sumaryati  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Acidity value (pH value) of rainwater, are influenced by the concentration of anions and cations dissolved in rainwater and it was also influenced by several sources of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. This research was conducted to determine the sources of pollutants that affect the pH value in Bandung. Sampling locations were conducted in 10 locations, both in Bandung City and Regency. We used data monthly averages of pH value from 2006 – 2015, to see the distribution of pH values in Bandung. As for knowing the effect of pollutant sources that affect the pH value, Cipedes area was chosen to represent urban areas from the sampling location. We used data anion and cation concentrations of SO4
2-, NO3
-, Cl-, NH4
+, Na+ and Ca2
+ in 2006 - 2015. The statistical method used for data process was PCA method. Result shows that pH value in Bandung fluctuated from 2006-2015, with the lowest average pH value in 2010 and 2014 was 5.2. From result of data processing with PCA gained 3 factors influencing pH value Bandung, which were Factor 1: SO4
2-, NO3
-, K+ and Mg2
+, Factor 2: Ca2+, and NH4
+, Factor 3: Cl- and Na+.
Identification of Potential Source Location of Sulfur at Urban Area Bandung using Conditional Probability Function (CPF)
Authors: Kurniawati S , Santoso M , Lestiani D D , Atmodjo D P D , Sari D K , Kusmartini I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bandung area is known as the center of economic growth in West Java. Bandung is also surrounding by mountains, therefore the morphological form of its territory is like a giant bowl. The previous study showed that the concentration of Sulfur in air particulate matter from Bandung is high. The objective of this study is to examine the use of conditional probability function (CPF) to identify directions of Sulfur sources using data collected from Bandung. CPF method is an advanced tool that analyzes pollutant source contributions in relation to the winds at the site and has been applied to find source directions. Data collection were done by air particulate sampling using GENT Sampler for 24-hours, once a week in Bandung during 2012-2014. EDXRF technique was applied for Sulfur analysis. The CPF values for Sulfur presented in polar plots, for fine and coarse particles. From this polar plot, the contributions of Sulfur in fine particles were coming from all sectors in Bandung whereas, in coarse particles, Sulfur dominated from the northern sector of Bandung.
Bias correction of daily precipitation from downscaled CMIP5 climate projections over the Indonesian region
Authors: Amsal F , Harsa H , Sopaheluwakan A , Linarka U A , Pradana R P , Satyaningsih R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGlobal Climate Models (GCMs) have been the primary source of information for constructing climate scenarios, and they provide the basis for climate change impacts assessments of climate change for a range of scales, from global down to regional scale. Due to the coarse spatial resolution, the GCM outputs have to be downscaled to resolve the scale discrepancy between the resolutions required for impact assessments and the model’s resolution. However, it is important to bias-correct (BC) the raw climate projection outputs which ideally correct the discrepancy between a model’s climate and the observed historical climate. In this study the results of bias correction of daily precipitation over the Indonesian region from downscaled CMIP5 GCM climate simulations using an optimized configuration of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM) for a baseline period of 16 years (1990–2005) with respect to observation is discussed in detail. The statistical bias correction method validated in this study is based on the initial assumption that both observed and simulated intensity distributions are well approximated by the Gamma distribution and the correction is made by matching the quantiles of the Gamma cumulative distribution functions. Overall, the results suggest that when the bias-correction is applied on dynamically downscaled model, it improved the skill in simulating the precipitation over Indonesia and this is a useful tool for further regional downscaling studies.
The Characteristics of squall line over Indonesia and its vicinity based on Himawari-8 satellite imagery and radar data interpretation
Authors: Hidayat A M , Efendi U , Rahmadini H N , Nugraheni I R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Squall line is a rare MCS phenomenon happened in Indonesia. In these recent years, radar showed the existence of squall line pattern on 31 December 2017, 25 and 27 January 2018 in disparate spot in Indonesia. This study aims to find the common characteristic of squall lines that occurs in tropical region of Indonesia. The result shows a persistent elongated convective pattern with the trailing stratiform region extends over 100 km in more than 6 hours in all squall line events observed in this study. The average cloud top temperature below -450C indicates an abundant amount of ice crystals. Radar data analysis shows that reflectivity value and surface rainfall intensity in the core part of the squall system always higher than the outer part, with maximum reflectivity value observed on the lower level of the convective cells. Analysis of the vertical structure of squall system shows that height of convective cells on the first squall system reached 17 km, while on the second squall system reached 12 km. The origin place where the squall line formed determines the structure and character of the squall system. These findings show that updraft mechanism on the continental area is generally stronger than around marine areas.
Revisiting the impact of mid-latitude cold air outbreaks on the Maritime Continent weather
Authors: Abdillah M R , Iwasaki T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The East Asian winter exhibits frequent cold air outbreaks (CAOs), or cold surges, which often cause severe cold waves in the extratropics. CAOs are also of importance for forecasters in the Maritime Continent because the associated equatorward outflows can influence tropical weather. Various CAO definitions have been documented, but a definition based on a quantitative approach was only recently proposed. Studies of the CAO impact often linked a surge index in the subtropics instead of an index in the midlatitude where CAOs basically occur. Here, we investigate the impact by using a quantitative CAO index, which is defined by integrating cold air mass flux below a threshold potential temperature over midlatitude East Asia (45°N, 90°-135°E). From a climatological analysis, tropical convections are significantly observed two-to-four days following CAO event (i.e., the peak of CAO index), indicating CAO impacts. However, case studies show that the impacts vary among independent CAO cases due to influences of associated synoptic conditions, which affect the pathways of northerlies propagation and consequently hinder or amplify the impacts. Several impact patterns and their possible causes are discussed. A better understanding of East Asian CAO variability can improve the predictability of weather over the Maritime Continent.
Analysis of the Meteorological Condition of Tropical Cyclone Cempaka and Its Effect on Heavy Rainfall in Java Island
Authors: Samrin F , Irwana I , Trismidianto  , Hasanah N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Indonesia, literally tropical cyclone free area, still gains some influence from the surrounding cyclones, such as high-intensity precipitation which causes flooding. Therefore, cyclones monitoring is important to observe its growth, movement and intensity. Using ECMWF ERA-Interim data, Himawari-8 channel infrared 1 (IR1), and GSMaP satellite data, this study attempts to spatially analyze the evolution of Cempaka tropical cyclones (occurred on November 2017), propagation cyclone and its effect to rainfall over Java Island based on the brightness temperature of the cloud. The results show that the Cempaka tropical cyclone has a three-day life span and moves from the southern ocean of Central Java to the northeast (East Java) and the peak occurs on November 27th, 2017 at 19:00 LT to 23:00 LT. Compared to rainfall data, the intensity of rainfall at 7 areas closed to Cempaka tropical cyclone began to increase ever since the cyclone peak and continue to rise despite the cyclone was slowly decaying. With this result, we hope in the future we can anticipate the impact of any tropical cyclones that arise near Indonesia.
Irradiance forecast model for PV generation based on cloudiness web service
Authors: Nguyen Dung V , Delinchant Benoit , Dinh Binh V , Nguyen Truong X 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Among renewable energies that play a critically important role to achieve a sustainable development in the future, solar photovoltaic (PV) power have been growing dramatically recently. Despite the enormous potential of solar PV, its drawback, which is intermittent in generation, imposes a significant issue on electrical system, such as stability or operation planning of the system. One of the solutions for the problem is PV generation forecast that have been researched in various studies. This paper presents a methodology to obtain an indirect PV production forecast model. Processes of model formation, validation and test are performed in the study using real data from a Campbell Scientific weather station Grenoble, France.
Ag-doped Ti-RH-MCM-41 synthesis using rice husk silica and its antibacterial efficiency
Authors: Rukleng S , Chamlaiand A , Srikongka P , Areerob T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Ag-Ti-RH-MCM-41 samples were prepared via rice husk silica with in-situ (one-pot) and ex-situ (sequence) methods to improve the antibacterial property on RH-MCM-41 and Ti-RH-MCM-41. Thus, this work proposed to investigate the antibacterial property of these materials using gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and compared with TiO2 (rutile), RH-MCM-41 and Ti-RH-MCM-41. The XRD represented MCM-41 showed the broad peak of 100 at 2 theta equal to 2.2° after adding Titanium and Silver on RH-MCM-41. The XRD spectrum represented Titanium and Silver showed the characteristic peaks of anatase TiO2 but Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) diffraction peaks did not clearly present in Ag-Ti-RH-MCM-41 (in-situ). On the other hand, the XRD spectrum of Ag-Ti-RH-MCM-41 (ex-situ) presented the small peaks of AgNPs according to the formation of AgNPs during calcination. Antibacterial efficiency of samples was tested via inhibited zone test (clear zone). The Ag-Ti-RH-MCM-41 (in-situ) and Ag-Ti-RH-MCM-41 (ex-situ) exhibited the antibacterial against while RH-MCM-41 and Ti-RH-MCM-41 did not present the antibacterial performance. Thus, Ag-doped Ti-RH-MCM-41 can improve the antibacterial property on RH-MCM-41 and Ti-RH-MCM-41.
Modulus of elasticity assessment of glass-fibre reinforced bark-based panels by acoustic resonance vibration non-destructive test
Authors: Tsalagkas D , Börcsök Z , Pásztory Z 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
One of the main properties of solid materials are their stiffness. Acoustic vibration non-destructive tests have been successfully used to predict the stiffness, i.e. Young’s modulus or modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of solid wood and wood-based panels. In this work, there was an attempt to evaluate the relationship of dynamic MOE longitudinal and static MOE values, of low-density panels produced from bark particles reinforced with various length glass fibres. The findings of the results and the observed strong coefficients of determination suggest the possibility of the proposed Non-Destructive Test (NDT) method as a prediction tool for the MOE estimation of similarly produced bark-based panels. By means of this non-destructive method can be tested the materials without breaking the material and the results available right after the test.
Experience of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) application in regional planning of economic development
Authors: Devcic Anton , Sostar Marko , Andrlic Berislav 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the experience of applying the geoinformation system for the purpose of quality management and sustainable development. Enterprises from all fields of activity, including maintenance, use geoinformation systems in their strategic planning. At the very beginning of the work are described the terms of geoinformation systems, their application and capabilities, and the software for making GIS is described. Through examples of good practice, an overview of the application of GIS in the fields of agriculture, transport and ecology will be presented on case study of Croatia.