bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrode and Electrolyte Interaction in Aqueous Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Teng Xiaowei 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Aqueous rechargeable electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices using earth‐abundant transition metal oxides and Na or K ion as charge carriers could fulfill requirements for stationary energy storage, where low cost and environmental sustainability of the storage technologies become imperative. In order to meet the demands of large‐scale stationary storage, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of advanced electrode materials for aqueous EES devices with competitive energy and power performance to their nonaqueous counterparts. Although efforts have been made in the development of novel electrode materials and aqueous electrolytes, fundamental rules governing the interaction between electrodes and aqueous electrolytes remain poorly understood. Some critical understanding underscoring the performance of aqueous EES devices is needed in order to address present challenges of aqueous systems, including low storage capacity of the electrode and limited potential window (∼1.23 V) due to water decomposition. Moreover, the structural details of electrodes resulted from the interaction with aqueous electrolytes are still far from elucidation; hence establishing structure–property relationships for advanced studies of aqueous EES systems is still largely a trial‐and‐error process. This article reviews the recent progress in controlling the interaction between electrode materials and electrolytes to improve the performance of aqueous EES devices. Particularly, this article focuses on (i) how interphase formed due to the interaction of electrodes and electrolytes widens the potential window of aqueous EES systems to reach a kinetically stable potential window well above 1.23 V and (ii) how the interaction between disordered electrode and water affects the stability of the electrode and improve the electrokinetics of charge storage.
Silicon‐Based Anodes for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Song Junhua , Li Xiaolin , Zhang Ji‐Guang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe society's growing demand on long‐range electrical vehicles and long‐life consumer electronics put urgent requirement on the development of advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) of high energy and low cost. Si, with top abundance and highest theoretical capacity to lithium, is expected to bump the LIB's energy density to above 300 Wh kg−1at a relatively low cost. Over the past 2 decades, tremendous effort has been made in bringing Si‐based anode materials to the battery market. In this book article, we review the progress from three fundamental aspects: (i) Si nanostructure design; (ii) binder study; and (iii) electrolyte optimization and interphase engineering. We address the practical aspects of Si‐based anode materials and remaining challenges with a special focus on the full cell configuration. We hope the short walkthrough of the Si technology will help the readers have a quick grasp of the efforts made in improving the performance of Si‐based anodes and appreciate the outcomes of the fundamental research brought to the development of practical LIBs.
Nitrogen Monoxide (Nitric Oxide): Bioinorganic Chemistry
Authors: Fricker Simon P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe discovery of nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide, NO) as the vasodilator molecule endothelium‐derived relaxing factor revealed a major physiological role for this simple diatomic molecule. We now know that NO regulates cardiovascular function, is a neurotransmitter, and is a component of the innate immune response to infection and cancer. The physiological effects of NO are mediated by its varied chemistry which includes redox chemistry and interaction with transition metals. NO can interact with iron‐heme‐containing proteins including hemoglobin and cytochrome c oxidase, and nonheme iron proteins such as aconitase and bacterial transcription regulatory proteins. NO reacts with superoxide to form the highly reactive peroxynitrite which decomposes to give the hydroxyl radical. Nitrosothiols, thiol adducts of NO, act to control NO release, and to shuttle NO between proteins and transport NO across cell membranes. NO is produced by one of three nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, endothelial NOS, neuronal NOS, and inducible NOS. Signaling functions are mediated via interaction with the heme‐containing protein soluble guanylate cyclase (GC), which produces the cell signaling molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This, in turn, is hydrolyzed by phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which turns off NO signaling. Perturbation in NO function contributes to the pathophysiology of many disease states. Endothelial dysfunction and subsequent reduced NO production contribute to hypertension and atherosclerosis. Excess NO is a mediator of inflammatory disease, and neurodegenerative disease, due in part to the production of peroxynitrite. The cardiovascular collapse observed in septic shock is caused by the vasodilator action of NO. Targeting the NO pathway theoretically provides many opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The NO donor drugs glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, and amyl nitrate are used to treat acute angina; and inhaled NO is used to treat persistent pulmonary hypertension in new born infants. Conversely, NOS inhibitors and NO scavengers have been explored to counteract NO as a mediator of disease. Though promising results have been obtained in animal models of disease these latter approaches have had little clinical success. However, targeting downstream of NO has been more successful with new clinically approved classes of drugs such as the inhibitors of PDE5 sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil; and the stimulator of the NO receptor soluble GC, riociguat. It has become apparent that the biological actions, and biological chemistry, of NO are very complex. New opportunities for drug discovery could result from an improved understanding of the biology of NO.
Sympathetic Joint Effusion in an Urban Hospital
Authors: Tan Irene J. , Barlow Jessica L. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveSympathetic joint effusion (SJE) and sympathetic synovial effusion (SSE) are recognized as causes of noninflammatory effusion with <2000 white blood cell (WBC) WBC/mm3 in the joint and bursa, respectively. Data on normal range SJE/SSE with <200 WBC/mm3 are unknown. We aimed to investigate the incidence, disease characteristics, and associated triggers of normal range SJE/SSE and to propose diagnostic criteria.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients hospitalized at Temple University Hospital who underwent a diagnostic arthrocentesis for joint or bursal effusion of unclear etiology from 31 January 2010 to 10 December 2016. A cohort of 72 patients with normal range synovial fluid (<200 WBC/mm3) fulfilled all inclusion criteria for detailed chart review.ResultsAnnualized incidence of SJE/SSE was 1.2%. All 72 patients presented with joint pain and swelling. Twenty‐three (32%) also had warmth and 12 (17%) had erythema. Symptom onset was hours to within 6 days in 45 (63%) patients. The most commonly affected joint was the knee (61, 85%). Concurrent pathology in close anatomical proximity to SJE/SSE in the same limb was documented in 29 (40%) patients, most of which (26 of 29, 89%) were infection, deep venous thrombosis, intramuscular fluid collection, and trauma. Less common pathology included adjacent recent hip surgery, loosening of hip prosthesis, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation catheters.ConclusionSJE/SSE is not uncommon in hospitalized patients and mimics both inflammatory and septic arthritis. It is seen with normal and noninflammatory synovial fluid. A search for a root cause in the same limb is warranted when evaluating acute or subacute painful joint effusions with normal range synovial fluid WBC count.
Association of SLCO1B1 *14 Allele with Poor Response to Methotrexate in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients
Authors: Ramsey Laura B. , Moncrieffe Halima , Smith Chelsey N. , Sudman Marc , Marion Miranda C. , Langefeld Carl D. , Becker Mara L. , Thompson Susan D. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveVariants in the SLCO1B1 gene, encoding a hepatic methotrexate (MTX) transporter, affect clearance of high‐dose MTX. We tested whether in the *14 and *15 alleles of SLCO1B1 influenced the response to low‐dose MTX in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients.MethodsThe study included 310 JIA patients genotyped for three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLCO1B1 (rs4149056, rs2306283, and rs11045819). A patient's SLCO1B1 diplotype was determined by combining the SNPs into the *1a, *1b, *4, *5, *14, and *15 alleles. Number of active joints at follow‐up (visit closest to 6 months of treatment and prior to starting a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor) was used as the dependent variable in a negative binomial regression model that included active joint count at baseline as a covariate.ResultsThe SLCO1B1*14 allele was associated with less response to MTX (P = 0.024) and the *15 allele was not associated with response to MTX (P = 0.392).ConclusionSLCO1B1 alleles may be associated with poor response to MTX in JIA patients. The *14 allele has been associated with fast clearance (low exposure) after high‐dose MTX in patients with leukemia. Thus, the SLCO1B1 gene may be informative for precision dosing of MTX in JIA patients. Patients carrying the *14 allele may require a higher dose than noncarriers to achieve a similar response to MTX.
Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Derived Electrodes with Robust and Fast Lithium Storage for Li‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors
Authors: Dubal Deepak P. , Jayaramulu Kolleboyina , Sunil Janaky , Kment Štěpán , Gomez‐Romero Pedro , Narayana Chandrabhas , Zbořil Radek , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHybrid metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) demonstrate great promise as ideal electrode materials for energy‐related applications. Herein, a well‐organized interleaved composite of graphene‐like nanosheets embedded with MnO2 nanoparticles (MnO2@C‐NS) using a manganese‐based MOF and employed as a promising anode material for Li‐ion hybrid capacitor (LIHC) is engineered. This unique hybrid architecture shows intriguing electrochemical properties including high reversible specific capacity 1054 mAh g−1 (close to the theoretical capacity of MnO2, 1232 mAh g−1) at 0.1 A g−1 with remarkable rate capability and cyclic stability (90% over 1000 cycles). Such a remarkable performance may be assigned to the hierarchical porous ultrathin carbon nanosheets and tightly attached MnO2 nanoparticles, which provide structural stability and low contact resistance during repetitive lithiation/delithiation processes. Moreover, a novel LIHC is assembled using a MnO2@C‐NS anode and MOF derived ultrathin nanoporous carbon nanosheets (derived from other potassium‐based MOFs) cathode materials. The LIHC full‐cell delivers an ultrahigh specific energy of 166 Wh kg−1 at 550 W kg−1 and maintained to 49.2 Wh kg−1 even at high specific power of 3.5 kW kg−1 as well as long cycling stability (91% over 5000 cycles). This work opens new opportunities for designing advanced MOF derived electrodes for next‐generation energy storage devices.
Theoretical Prediction of Chiral 3D Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites
Authors: Long Guankui , Zhou Yecheng , Zhang Mingtao , Sabatini Randy , Rasmita Abdullah , Huang Li , Lakhwani Girish , Gao Weibo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs), in particular 3D HOIPs, have demonstrated remarkable properties, including ultralong charge‐carrier diffusion lengths, high dielectric constants, low trap densities, tunable absorption and emission wavelengths, strong spin–orbit coupling, and large Rashba splitting. These superior properties have generated intensive research interest in HOIPs for high‐performance optoelectronics and spintronics. Here, 3D hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites that implant chirality through introducing the chiral methylammonium cation are demonstrated. Based on structural optimization, phonon spectra, formation energy, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, it is found that the chirality of the chiral cations can be successfully transferred to the framework of 3D HOIPs, and the resulting 3D chiral HOIPs are both kinetically and thermodynamically stable. Combining chirality with the impressive optical, electrical, and spintronic properties of 3D perovskites, 3D chiral perovskites is of great interest in the fields of piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, ferroelectricity, topological quantum engineering, circularly polarized optoelectronics, and spintronics.
Impact of one‐day course on medical student knowledge, attitudes and comfort with point‐of‐care ultrasound‐guided procedures
Authors: Chilstrom Mikaela , Beck Sierra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionGiven the ubiquity of procedural ultrasound in clinical practice, the importance of exposing medical students to the topic is increasingly relevant. We examined final‐year medical student knowledge, attitudes and comfort level with procedural ultrasound before and after a one‐day course.MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional survey of final‐year students at a single university. We collected data regarding ultrasound experience, career goals and knowledge of procedural ultrasound, as well as attitudes and comfort (each assessed with three questions using a Likert scale). All students were sent a pre‐ and post‐test survey, and we compared pre‐ and post‐test results using the chi‐square test, with a two‐tailed P‐value < 0.05 considered statistically significant.ResultsAll of the 94 course participants completed both the pre‐ and post‐tests. Of the 23 non‐participants, 16 (70%) completed both pre‐ and post‐tests. Almost all (99%) respondents reported some prior ultrasound exposure, but only 34% had previously performed at least one core procedure with ultrasound guidance. Among participants, we found a 13% average increase in knowledge score (P < 0.05) between pre‐ and post‐tests; there was no significant change in knowledge score among non‐participants. Among participants, we also found an increase in positive attitudes (P < 0.05 for two of three questions) and an increased comfort level with procedural ultrasound (P < 0.05 for all three questions).DiscussionA one‐day course can impact medical student knowledge, attitudes and comfort with the use of ultrasound for procedural guidance.ConclusionFurther research is needed to assess long‐term outcomes and explore alternative educational modalities.
Spectroscopic characterization, thermogravimetry, density functional theory and biological studies of some mixed‐ligand complexes of meloxicam and 2,2′‐bipyridine with some transition metals
Authors: Sadeek Sadeek Atia , Abd El‐Hamid Sherif Mohamed , Mohamed Amira A. , Zordok Wael A. , El‐Sayed Hassan A. 
Published: March 2019

The mixed‐ligand Mn(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Zr(IV) complexes of meloxicam (H2mel) and 2,2′‐bipyridine (Bipy) were prepared and characterized. For all complexes, the analytical and spectroscopic results revealed that H2mel acts in a monobasic bidentate manner through the oxygen of the amide and nitrogen of the thiazole groups, whereas Bipy coordinates through the two nitrogen atoms with slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Thermodynamic parameters (E, ΔS*, ΔH* and ΔG*) were calculated using Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger methods. The geometries of H2mel and the complexes were carefully studied using density functional theory to predict the properties of materials performed using the hybrid density functional method B3LYP. All studied complexes are soft with respect to H2mel where η varies from 0.096 for Zn(II) complex to 0.067 for Fe(III) complex and σ varies from 10.42 to 14.93 eV, while η and σ for H2mel are 0.14 and 7.14 eV, respectively. The antibacterial activities of the ligands and metal complexes were investigated and the data show that the complexes are active against some bacterial species compared with H2mel.
Hemisphere‐specific effects of prefrontal theta‐burst stimulation on visual recognition memory accuracy and awareness
Authors: Carbajal Ivan , O’Neil Jonathan T. , Palumbo Robert T. , Voss Joel L. , Ryals Anthony J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prefrontal cortex has been implicated in episodic memory and the awareness of memory. Few studies have probed the nature and necessity of its role via brain stimulation. There are uncertainties regarding whether the hemisphere of stimulation predicts effects on memory and whether effects of stimulation are format‐specific, with most previous studies utilizing verbal/semantic stimuli.ObjectiveOur primary objective was to determine if theta‐burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) to prefrontal cortex modulates visual memory accuracy, visual memory awareness, or both, and whether these effects depend on brain hemisphere.MethodsWe administered TBS to 12 individuals in either left prefrontal, right prefrontal, or a sham location on three separate days. We then administered a visual associative‐memory task incorporating global‐level awareness judgments and feeling‐of‐knowing (FOK) judgments on test trials for which retrieval failed.ResultsOverall memory accuracy significantly improved after right hemisphere TBS compared to sham. Simultaneously, subjects were relatively underconfident after right TBS, suggesting minimal awareness of memory accuracy improvements. The correspondence between FOKs and later recognition accuracy suggested a pattern of disruption in prospective memory monitoring accuracy after left TBS.ConclusionsOur findings provide unique evidence for improved visual memory accuracy after right prefrontal TBS. These results also suggest right prefrontal lateralization for visual memory and left‐hemisphere specialization for item‐level prospective memory awareness judgments. Taken together, these results provided continued support for noninvasive stimulation to prefrontal cortex as a means of potentially improving memory and causally influencing prospective memory awareness.
Genetic diversity and amino acid sequence polymorphism in Helicobacter pylori CagL hypervariable motif and its association with virulence markers and gastroduodenal diseases
Authors: Yadegar Abbas , Mohabati Mobarez Ashraf , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGenetic variability in cagL gene especially within the Helicobacter pylori CagL hypervariable motif (CagLHM) may affect the development of gastric cancer. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association of CagL diversity with clinical outcomes and with H pylori virulence markers. A total of 126 patients with different gastric diseases including non‐ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastric erosion (GE), and gastric cancer (GC) were enrolled. H pylori was cultured from gastric biopsies, and the isolates were screened for the presence of cagL, cagA, vacA, babA2, sabA, and cagPAI integrity by PCR. The amino acid polymorphisms of cagL were analyzed using DNA sequencing. We isolated 61 (48.4%) H pylori strains from 36 NUD, eight PUD, 12 GE, and five GC patients. Almost all isolates were cagL positive (97%), and their RGD, RHS, and SKIIVK motifs were highly conserved. Among 10 CagLHM variants identified, NEIGQ and NKIGQ were detected as the most prevalent sequences. Interestingly, a significant association was found between the presence of NKMGK and PUD (P = 0.002). Notably, the NEIGQ isolates with multiple C‐type EPIYA repeat that carried intact cagPAI correlated with disease risk for PUD, GE, and GC (P = 0.021). In conclusion, we identified novel variants of H pylori CagLHM sequences in Iranian population such as NKMGK, which was associated with disease risk for PUD. Further studies using a large number of strains are required to better clarify the function of certain CagLHM motifs in gastric carcinogenesis and disease outcome.
Serum biomarker panels for the diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Pinglu , Ma Ji , Xu Jinbo , Yang Li , Xu Weidan , Que Haifeng , Chen Meifen , Xu Hongtao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGastric cancer is a leading cause of mortality due to neoplastic disease. Although early detection of gastric cancers can decrease the mortality rate, it remains a diagnostic challenge because of the lack of effective biomarkers. In this study, fifteen gastric cancer patients and ten healthy subjects were recruited to assess novel serum biomarkers for gastric cancer using antibody microarray technology. ELISA was utilized to validate the antibody array results. As a result, compared to the controls, eleven cytokines were found to be significantly increased in gastric cancer, including interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFNGR1), neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 (Notch‐3), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19L (TNFRSF19L), growth hormone receptor (GHR), signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 8 (SLAMF8), folate receptor beta (FR‐beta), integrin alpha 5, galectin‐8, erythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular A1 (EphA1), epiregulin, and fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF‐12) with P < 0.05. ELISA validation supported the results of the antibody array. More importantly, most of these eleven cytokines, including IFNGR1, TNFRSF19L, GHR, SLAMF8, FR‐beta, and integrin alpha 5 were discovered to be elevated in gastric cancer serum samples for the first time in this study, suggesting that these proteins may serve as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis determination of gastric cancer.
Readily Available Immobilized Pd Catalysts for Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling under Continuous‐flow Conditions
Authors: Ichitsuka Tomohiro , Suzuki Naoto , Sairenji Masaki , Koumura Nagatoshi , Onozawa Shun‐ya , Sato Kazuhiko , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHighly efficient immobilized catalysts for continuous‐flow cross‐coupling reactions that show better productivity than those for the corresponding batch reactions are increasingly in demand. For practical use, such catalysts should have highly catalytic activity and high leaching resistance. To find catalysts suitable for continuous‐flow conditions, we have developed a consistent method for evaluating the catalytic performance of commercially available immobilized Pd catalysts. Monitoring of the change in turnover frequency over time under excess substrate loading conditions revealed the limitation of these catalysts. On the basis of the evaluation results, we have successfully developed a new immobilized Pd catalyst that exhibited highly efficient and robust catalytic performance.
A Composite Catalyst Based on Perovskites for Overall Water Splitting in Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Bu Yunfei , Kim Seona , Kwon Ohhun , Zhong Qin , Kim Guntae 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is considered a sustainable way to produce H2. However, it is still a challenge to develop efficient and stable electrocatalysts. Here, a bifunctional composite catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was constructed by using a facile in situ growth route, which combines the carbonization on exsolved alloy nanoparticles and sulfurization in one continues step. This composite catalyst contains Ruddlesden‐Popper‐type S‐adsorbed (Nd0.6Sr0.4)3((Co,Fe)0.85Nb0.15)2O7, metal sulfides, and hollow S‐doped carbon fibers. Compared to the untreated catalyst, Nd0.6Sr0.4Co0.6Fe0.3Nb0.1O3‐δ, the composite catalyst leads to significantly enhanced OER and HER activities as well as excellent stability (more than 400 h without inactivation) during overall water splitting. Our research offers a new route to fabricate hetero‐architecture materials with S‐doped hollow carbon fibers on alloy nanoparticles of perovskite oxides.