bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of death anxiety and its related factors in the population of eastern Iran: a cross-sectional study in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi Hossein , Askari Mohammadreza , Rahimkhani Mohammad , Abdollahi Mahboobeh , Baladastian Mohammadreza , Alipour Amir , Namazinia Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe global COVID-19 pandemic has triggered widespread anxiety, including a significant rise in death anxiety. If unaddressed, death anxiety can lead to numerous mental and physical health issues. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of death anxiety and its associated factors in the population of eastern Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 515 participants from Torbat Heydariyeh in 2019. Data were collected using a structured two-part questionnaire: demographic data and the Templer Death Anxiety Scale. Sampling was conducted through a stratified approach to represent the city's population distribution accurately.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 32.88 ± 10.75 years (range: 18–80). The mean death anxiety score was 6.72 ± 3.11. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant associations between death anxiety and gender (B = 1.12, β = 0.23, P = 0.001), education level (B = 1.75 for high school or lower, β = 0.19, P &lt; 0.05), smoking (B = 0.76, β = 0.15, P = 0.049), and economic status (B = −0.82, β = −0.12, P = 0.006). No significant relationship was found between death anxiety and age, marital status, occupation, medical history, medication use, health status, or income source (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that participants exhibited moderate levels of death anxiety. Given its potential to impact quality of life, strategies for managing death anxiety should be considered in similar public health crises.
Sarcopenia diagnosis using skeleton-based gait sequence and foot-pressure image datasets
Authors: Naseem Muhammad Tahir , Kim Na-Hyun , Seo Haneol , Lee JaeMok , Chung Chul-Min , Shin Sunghoon , Lee Chan-Su 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionSarcopenia is a common age-related disease, defined as a decrease in muscle strength and function owing to reduced skeletal muscle. One way to diagnose sarcopenia is through gait analysis and foot-pressure imaging.Motivation and research gapWe collected our own multimodal dataset from 100 subjects, consisting of both foot-pressure and skeleton data with real patients, which provides a unique resource for future studies aimed at more comprehensive analyses. While artificial intelligence has been employed for sarcopenia detection, previous studies have predominantly focused on skeleton-based datasets without exploring the combined potential of skeleton and foot pressure dataset. This study conducts separate experiments for foot-pressure and skeleton datasets, it demonstrates the potential of each data type in sarcopenia classification.MethodsThis study had two components. First, we collected skeleton and foot-pressure datasets and classified them into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups based on grip strength, gait performance, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Second, we performed experiments on the foot-pressure dataset using the ResNet-18 and spatiotemporal graph convolutional network (ST-GCN) models on the skeleton dataset to classify normal and abnormal gaits due to sarcopenia. For an accurate diagnosis, real-time walking of 100 participants was recorded at 30 fps as RGB + D images. The skeleton dataset was constructed by extracting 3D skeleton information comprising 25 feature points from the image, whereas the foot-pressure dataset was constructed by exerting pressure on the foot-pressure plates.ResultsAs a baseline evaluation, the accuracies of sarcopenia classification performance from foot-pressure image using Resnet-18 and skeleton sequences using ST-GCN were identified as 77.16 and 78.63%, respectively.DiscussionThe experimental results demonstrated the potential applications of sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia classifications based on foot-pressure images and skeleton sequences.
Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors among patients with HIV/AIDS at the anti-retroviral treatment clinic of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Abayneh Mengistu , Habtemariam Yosef , Duguma Tadesse , Abera Mitiku 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections remain very common, particularly in areas with a high prevalence of immune-compromised patients, such as HIV/AIDS patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors in people living with HIV/AIDS at an ART clinic in Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, southwest Ethiopia.MethodA cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to September 2021. A total of 191 adult people living with HIV/AIDS participated in this study. Data on socio-demographic, clinical, and other risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and processed using a direct wet mount, formol-ether concentration, and modified Ziehl-Nelson staining techniques. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25 software.ResultsAmong 67 adult individuals living with HIV/AIDS, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was 35.1%. Specifically, 31.5% (45/143) of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 45.8% (22/48) of ART-naïve patients were infected. The distribution of intestinal parasites was as follows: protozoa were found in 14.7% of ART-treated patients and 22.9% of ART-naïve patients; helminths in 15.4% of ART-treated patients and 16.7% of ART-naïve patients; and opportunistic parasites in 1.4% of ART-treated patients and 6.25% of ART-naïve patients. Significant associations with a higher prevalence of intestinal parasites were observed for a CD4 count &lt;200 cells/mm3 (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.77; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.01–13.15; p = 0.04), consumption of unwashed raw vegetables (AOR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.23–8.86; p = 0.02), and residing in rural areas (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.27–4.32; p = 0.01).ConclusionThe findings indicate that a significant proportion of adults living with HIV/AIDS are affected by intestinal parasites, with a notably higher prevalence among ART-naïve patients compared to those on ART. Factors such as a low CD4 count, consumption of unwashed raw vegetables, and rural residence are associated with increased risk of intestinal parasite infections. These results underscore the importance of improving hygiene practices and access to healthcare, particularly in rural areas, to reduce the burden of parasitic infections among individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
Cross-cultural adaptation, content validity, and reliability of the Amharic version of the modified John-Hopkins fall risk assessment scale among older adults who attend home health care services
Authors: Chanie Samuel Teferi , Gashaw Moges , Shiferaw Kassaw Belay , Sefiwu Zinabu Fiseha , Fentahun Setegn , Cherkos Kassahun , Kassaw Kibret Alemu , Yalew Ermias Solomon , Mengesha Assefa Kebad , Semagne Ayele Habtamu , Abriham Zufan Yiheyis , Dejen Takele Mihret 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe modified John-Hopkins fall risk assessment tool (mJH-FRAT) is a comprehensive and multi-factor fall risk assessment tool used to screen and grade older adult’s fall risk levels in home health care services. This can help to identify risky individuals early, establish prevention protocols, and reduce the occurrence of injury. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of contextually valid and reliable fall risk assessment tools among this population in the study area. The aim of this study is therefore to cross-culturally adapt and assess the content validity and reliability of the modified John-Hopkins fall risk assessment tool among older adults following home health care in Ethiopia.MethodThe English version of the mJH-FRAT underwent cross-cultural adaptation into Amharic. The final Amharic version was subjected to face validity and then content validity was computed. This community-based study was conducted from November 2023 to May 2024 with a total of 150 participants selected through convenience sampling. Data collection occurred through face-to-face interviews. Epi-Info 7 and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 25 facilitated data entry and analysis, respectively. Reliability was assessed by employing intra-rater and inter-rater reliability using Cohen’s kappa.ResultThe CVI based on the item level of all the items was between 0.8 and 1. The S-CVI based on average for domains such as general condition and clinical condition was 0.925 and 1, respectively, and the S-CVI (average) of the scale was 0.96. The S-CVI based on the universal agreement value for the overall 8 items was 0.75. The kappa statistic coefficient value was between 0.79 and 1. The intra-rater reliability and inter-rater reliability were 0.94 and 0.93, respectively.ConclusionThe rigorous adaptation process, face and content validity, and reliability analyses demonstrated that the Amharic mJH-FRAT is a content valid and reliable tool for assessing the fall risk level in this population. Clinicians and researchers can utilize this tool for the advancement of both clinical practice and research work on this group of people in Ethiopia.
Association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among preschool children in Southwest China
Authors: Liu Yingying , Jiang Hui , Nie Zizheng , Yu Bin , Qiu Xinyi , Zuo Hui , Han Shufen 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveMaternal moderate-intensity exercise during pregnancy has important health benefits for the offspring, however, less is known about its association with offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to explore the association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and ADHD among preschool children in Southwest China.MethodsA web-based cross-sectional study was performed in 2021, and the revised Conners Parental Symptom Questionnaire and maternal exercise during pregnancy were obtained through a self-reported structured questionnaire. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between maternal exercise during pregnancy and the likelihood of childhood ADHD after adjustment for covariates.ResultsA total of 4,184 preschool children aged 3–6 years were included in our final analysis. Children whose mothers exercised for &lt;20 min per day were more likely to be at risk of ADHD (6.3%), compared to those whose mothers exercised for more than 40 min (3.1%) or 20–40 min (2.8%) per day. Daily exercise of &lt;20 min during pregnancy was associated with higher odds of childhood ADHD (adjusted OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 1.41, 3.16) after multivariable adjustment. The association of maternal exercise during pregnancy with childhood ADHD was similar in subgroups stratified by child's sex, and by maternal smoking, sleep duration and gestational anemia during pregnancy.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of maternal moderate-intensity exercise during pregnancy for the prevention of childhood ADHD. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings in the future.
Language task-based fMRI analysis using machine learning and deep learning
Authors: Kuan Elaine , Vegh Viktor , Phamnguyen John , O’Brien Kieran , Hammond Amanda , Reutens David 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionTask-based language fMRI is a non-invasive method of identifying brain regions subserving language that is used to plan neurosurgical resections which potentially encroach on eloquent regions. The use of unstructured fMRI paradigms, such as naturalistic fMRI, to map language is of increasing interest. Their analysis necessitates the use of alternative methods such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) because task regressors may be difficult to define in these paradigms.MethodsUsing task-based language fMRI as a starting point, this study investigates the use of different categories of ML and DL algorithms to identify brain regions subserving language. Data comprising of seven task-based language fMRI paradigms were collected from 26 individuals, and ML and DL models were trained to classify voxel-wise fMRI time series.ResultsThe general machine learning and the interval-based methods were the most promising in identifying language areas using fMRI time series classification. The geneal machine learning method achieved a mean whole-brain Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) of 0.97±0.03, mean Dice coefficient of 0.6±0.34 and mean Euclidean distance of 2.7±2.4 mm between activation peaks across the evaluated regions of interest. The interval-based method achieved a mean whole-brain AUC of 0.96±0.03, mean Dice coefficient of 0.61±0.33 and mean Euclidean distance of 3.3±2.7 mm between activation peaks across the evaluated regions of interest.DiscussionThis study demonstrates the utility of different ML and DL methods in classifying task-based language fMRI time series. A potential application of these methods is the identification of language activation from unstructured paradigms.
Evaluating the adoption of handsearching, citation chasing, and screening tools in education research: a survey study
Authors: Zhang Qiyang , Pellegrini Marta , Marsili Francesco , Neitzel Amanda 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe rapid development of software tools to assist systematic reviewers has led to varying degrees of adoption and selection among researchers. However, the actual usage patterns of these tools, their preferred features, and the criteria for selecting the most suitable tools remain unclear.MethodsTo understand these aspects, we collected 175 responses from researchers across different continents.ResultsIn terms of handsearching, despite new tools developed, our findings reveal that manual handsearching remains prevalent among more than half of the participants. Databases are the most popular tools for citation searching, followed by citation management tools and spreadsheets. This reliance on citation management tools and spreadsheets is concerning as they are not specifically designed for systematic reviews. The primary factors influencing tool selection are the research environment and ease of use. Barriers stopping researchers from adopting alternative tools include limited awareness, challenges in learning new tools, and the financial costs associated with acquiring licenses. Moreover, researchers located in Europe show greater familiarity with a wider range of tools compared to their North American counterparts.DiscussionThis preregistered study contributes valuable insights into the tool usage patterns of education researchers, emphasizing the importance of promoting awareness and facilitating the broader adoption of existing tools.
Epidemiology of quid usage and its possible association with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions
Authors: Almalki Sultan A. , Gowdar Inderjit M. , Vengal Manoj , Arya Sugandha 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundChewing tobacco consumption has become a major public health issue in India. The incidence of oral cancer is increasing in India, especially among young adults.AimThe objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of chewing tobacco consumption and its association with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,209 patients who reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at Vyas Dental College, Jodhpur. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on patients’ personal information such as demographic details, tobacco use, and other adverse habits. A single calibrated investigator performed a clinical examination of lesions on the oral mucosa, and the diagnosis was further validated.ResultsThe majority of the participants were men (81.8%) in the age range of 26–35 years. A habit of chewing a combination of tobacco and areca nut (48.2%) was more prevalent. More than 36% of the participants consumed tobacco in a processed form (90%), at least four times a day. It was observed was 25% of the participants were suffering from tobacco pouch keratosis.ConclusionChewing tobacco was significantly associated with the development of oral mucosal lesions, particularly among men and those belonging to lower socio-economic groups. Along with targeted public health interventions on tobacco cessation, it is essential to change the cultural norms associated with the habit of chewing tobacco and implement strict chewing tobacco control laws in the community and workplaces.
Participation but not success in youth and junior World Championships is important for overall ranking in the biathlon World Cup during adult age
Authors: Jonsson Kårström Malin 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate if competition rank in the youth (16–19 years) and junior (20–22 years) World Championships (WCH) and age of the athlete when reaching certain World Cup (WC) performance milestones (debut and top 40, 15, 6 and 3) were related to future World Cup total (WCT) performance.MethodsAll data was obtained from the International Biathlon Unions database. The biathletes ranked top 30 in the WCT (82 men, 98 women) during 10 consecutive competition seasons were selected for further analysis. Biathletes were divided into performance groups due to their best WCT ranking (WCT6, rank 1–6; WCT15, rank 7–15; WCT30, rank 16–30). The relation between youth and junior WCH ranking and age when reaching the WC performance milestones with WCT performance was investigated.Results63.3% and 86.1% of the biathletes in the WCT top 30 competed in the youth and/or junior WCH, respectively, but the correlation between junior and senior ranking was low. WCT6 reached most of the WC performance milestones at a younger age compared to WCT15 and WCT30 (p &gt; 0.05) and reaching WC top15 at a younger age increased the chance of reaching WCT6 in the future.ConclusionIt seems beneficial to compete internationally (i.e., participation in youth/junior WCH) and reach certain WC performance milestones at a young age to achieve a high ranking in the WCT during adult age. This highlights that biathletes need to have a certain performance level during junior years, although ranking in youth/junior WCH is not a prediction for senior WCT success.
Advisors as key partners for achieving adoption at scale: embedding “My Climate View” into agricultural advisory networks
Authors: Jakku Emma , Fleming Aysha , Fielke Simon , Snow Stephen , Malakar Yuwan , Cornish Gillian , Hay Rachel , Williams Liana 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThis paper examines the role of agricultural advisors as key partners for scaling adoption of long-term climate information. Agri-food sectors across the world face significant challenges in responding to climate change, which intersect with broader pressures driving transitions to more climate resilient and sustainable agri-food systems. Making better climate information available to farmers is a key part of responding to these challenges, since relevant and usable climate information can help farmers to adapt to future climate conditions. The development of climate services, which seek to provide climate information to assist with decision making, has therefore increased significantly over the last decade. The Climate Services for Agriculture (CSA) program provides long-term climate projections to help the Australian agriculture sector prepare for and adapt to future climate conditions. ‘My Climate View’ is an online tool produced by CSA, which provides localised and contextualised, commodity-specific climate information, through historic weather data and multi-decadal projections of future climate, aimed at Australian famers and farm advisors. Agricultural advisors have a critical yet often underutilised role as climate information intermediaries, through assisting farmers translate climate information into action.MethodsThis paper uses CSA as a case study to examine farmer-advisor interactions as a key adoption pathway for My Climate View. We interviewed 52 farmers and 24 advisors across Australia to examine the role of advisors as key partners in helping farmers to understand climate information and explore on-farm climate adaptation options.Results and discussionInteractions between farmers and their trusted advisors are an essential part of the enabling environment required to ensure that this long-term climate information can be used at the farm scale to inform longer-term decisions about climate adaptation. We use the concept of an interaction space to investigate farmer-advisor interactions in the adoption and sustained use of My Climate View. We find that although My Climate View is not a transformational technology on its own, its ability to enable farmers and advisors to explore and discuss future climate conditions and consider climate adaptation options has the potential to support transformational changes on-farm that are needed to meet the sustainability transition pressures that climate change presents.
Impact of arabinoxylan-enriched diets on the intestinal chemical barrier and microbiota composition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Zhang Xindang , Wang Hengzhi , Lin Beibei , Meng Xiaolin , Deng Junming 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary AX inclusion on the chemical barrier, antioxidant function and intestinal microbiome of rainbow trout.MethodsFive isoproteic and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.03% arabinoxylanase, as well as 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% AX (CAX, Con, AX2.5, AX5 and AX10), respectively.ResultsThe trypsin and maltase activities in the foregut of AX10 group were significantly lower than those in Con group. Similarly, the amylase and sucrase activities of the middle intestinal mucosa, maltase of the distal intestinal mucosa, and MUC2 mRNA levels of the middle and distal intestinal mucosa in AX10 group were also lower than those in Con group. Additionally, the levels of GSH, GST, MDA in the plasma, SOD and CAT in the middle and distal intestinal mucosa, as well as MDA in the middle intestinal mucosa, were significantly higher in AX10 group compared to the CAX and Con groups. Conversely, the levels of CAT, GSH-Px, IGF-1, mTOR, AST in the plasma and AMPD, GDH in the liver were significantly lower in AX10 group compared to the CAX and Con groups. Furthermore, the Chao 1, Shannon index, and the abundance of Cyanobacteria, Aurantimicrobium, Bacteroides decreased with the decreasing dietary AX content. In contrast, the abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Stenotrophomonas were increased in AX10 group compared to Con group.Discussion and conclusionThese results suggest that high AX (10%) diets may reduce the chemical barrier, antioxidant function, and protein metabolism in rainbow trout, while also reducing intestinal microbiome α-diversity and retarding the colonization of beneficial bacteria.