bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Application of a New Approach to Identify Oral–Nasal Balance Disorders Based on Nasalance Scores
Authors: Bettens Kim , de Boer Gillian , Bressmann Tim , Bruneel Laura , Van Lierde Kristiane 
Published: August 2018

Objective: A new approach to classify oral–nasal balance disorders based on instrumental measurements was developed based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of nasalance scores of simulated oral–nasal balance disorders by de Boer and Bressmann. The current study aimed to apply the newly developed functions to clinical data to investigate the applicability of this new approach. Design: Retrospective diagnostic accuracy study. Setting: Tertiary university hospital. Participants: Fifty-five Dutch-speaking Flemish children (age 4-12 years) with normal (n = 20), hypernasal (n = 18), hyponasal (n = 12), or mixed nasality (n = 5). Interventions: Nasalance scores of an oral and a nasal text were used to calculate 3 sets of LDA function scores. Predicted classification was consecutively based on the function values of the group centroids originally determined by de Boer and Bressmann and adapted LDA functions and group centroids based on clinical data. Main Outcome Measures: Discriminatory power of the linear discriminant formulas. Results: Based on the original LDA functions, 56% of the speech samples matched the perceptual classification. Applying a correction factor for age and language differences resulted in a 67% correct classification, although 83% of the hyponasal samples were ranked as “normal resonance.” Rederivation of the LDA functions based on current clinical data resulted in an 80% correct classification. Conclusions: The new approach of classifying oral–nasal balance disorders based on a combination of nasalance scores was promising. However, further clinical research is needed to refine the LDA functions and group centroids before clinical application is possible.
Surviving or thriving? Enhancing the emotional resilience of social workers in their organisational settings
Authors: Rose Sarah , Palattiyil George 
Published: August 2018

Summary High rates of absence due to stress, and issues with recruitment and retention of staff suggest that social work is a challenging profession. Despite this, many social workers gain a great deal of satisfaction from their role. Various studies have focused on stress management in social work. Less attention has been paid to how social workers maintain resilience in the face of challenges and thrive in their role. Drawing on a social constructionist approach to explore how social workers conceptualise emotional resilience in the context of their profession, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 social workers employed in local authority teams. Findings The findings highlight how emotional resilience tended to be associated with stress management by the social workers interviewed. Organisational and structural factors were felt to threaten resilience more than the emotional intensity of working with service users. Application When resilience is conceptualised as stress management, sources of adversity need to be addressed to enable social workers to survive. Resilience needs to be reconceptualised as positive adaptation to the challenges of the social work role in order to promote factors that enable workers to thrive. The insights from the study exhort us to re-examine the scope of social work organisations to enhance the resilience of their workers.
Comparison of Blood Lead Levels in Patients With Alzheimer’s Disease and Healthy People
Authors: Fathabadi Babak , Dehghanifiroozabadi Mohammad , Aaseth Jan , Sharifzadeh Gholamreza , Nakhaee Samaneh , Rajabpour-Sanati Ali , Amirabadizadeh Alireza , Mehrpour Omid 
Published: August 2018

Background: It is argued that breakdown of β-amyloid in the brain causes deposition of senescent plaques and therefore Alzheimer’s disease (AD). One of the influential factors for increasing level of this protein is exposure to lead. Our aim was to compare blood lead levels (BLLs) between patients with AD and healthy controls. Methods: This case–control study was performed on all patients with cognitive impairment who were referred to the Neurological Clinic of Birjand in 2016 to 2017. Patients were referred to the laboratory for measurement of their serum levels of lead. The controls and patients were matched by age and sex. Results: In the AD case group, the average BLL was 22.22 ± 28.57 μg/dL. Mann-Whitney U test showed that BLLs were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. The unadjusted odds ratio for BLL among the patients was 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.09; P = .01) compared to the controls. Conclusion: In the present study, BLL was associated with AD.
Exercise right heart catheterisation before and after pulmonary endarterectomy in patients with chronic thromboembolic disease
Authors: Guth Stefan , Wiedenroth Christoph B. , Rieth Andreas , Richter Manuel J. , Gruenig Ekkehard , Ghofrani Hossein Ardeshir , Arlt Matthias , Liebetrau Christoph , Prüfer Diethard , Rolf Andreas , Hamm Christian W. , Mayer Eckhard 
Published: August 2018

Symptomatic patients with chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED) without pulmonary hypertension often show an excessive increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) during exercise.We report on the impact of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) on pulmonary haemodynamics in a prospective series of 32 consecutive CTED patients who underwent PEA. All patients had a comprehensive diagnostic work-up including right heart catheterisation at baseline and 12 months after PEA. Furthermore, in 12 patients exercise right heart catheterisation was performed before and after PEA.After PEA, MPAP was lower at rest (20±3versus17±3 mmHg; p=0.008) and during maximal exercise (39±8versus31±6 mmHg; p=0.016). The mean total pulmonary resistance (TPR) decreased from 3.6±0.8 Wood Units (WU) pre-operatively to 2.7±0.7 WU 1 year after PEA (p=0.004) and the mean slope of the MPAP/cardiac output (CO) relationship decreased from 3.6±1.0 to 2.3±0.8 WU (p=0.002). Peak oxygen uptake increased from 1.2±0.4 to 1.5±0.3 L·min−1(p=0.014) and ventilatory equivalents of carbon dioxide decreased from 39±2 to 30±2 (p=0.002). There was a significant improvement in quality of life assessed by the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review questionnaire.In CTED patients, PEA resulted in haemodynamic and clinical improvements. The means of TPR and MPAP/CO slopes decreased to <3.0 WU.
Renal impairment during pemetrexed maintenance in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: a cohort study
Authors: Visser Sabine , Huisbrink Jeannine , van ‘t Veer Nils E. , van Toor Jermo J. , van Boxem Anton J.M. , van Walree Nico C. , Stricker Bruno H. , Aerts Joachim G.J.V. 
Published: August 2018

Optimal survival benefit from different lines of anticancer treatment in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) requires conservation of renal function. We evaluated the development of renal impairment during pemetrexed maintenance.In a prospective multicentre cohort study, we evaluated the incidence of acute/chronic kidney disease (AKD/CKD), its related treatment discontinuation frequency and associated clinical variables with AKD in patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC treated with pemetrexed maintenance. We validated the findings in an independent cohort.190 patients received pemetrexed. In the primary cohort, 149 patients started induction, of whom 44 patients (30%) continued maintenance. In the independent cohort, 41 patients received maintenance. During maintenance 13 patients (30%) developed AKD, leading to CKD and treatment discontinuation in eight patients (62%) in the primary cohort. Higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (per unit 5 mL·min−1per 1.73 m2) before maintenance and induction (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.90 and OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.62–0.98, respectively) and relative decline (per 10%) in eGFR during induction (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.36–4.74) were associated with AKD during maintenance. In the independent cohort, 20 patients (49%) developed AKD, leading to CKD in 11 patients (55%) and treatment discontinuation in six patients (30%).Patients are at risk for renal impairment during pemetrexed maintenance, which may jeopardise further lines of anticancer treatment.
Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles for cancer theragnostic applications
Authors: Uthaman Saji , Huh Kang Moo , Park In-Kyu 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Cancer is one of the deadliest threats to human health. Abnormal physiochemical conditions and dysregulated biosynthetic intermediates in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a significant role in modulating cancer cells to evade or defend conventional anti-cancer therapy such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One of the most important challenges in the development of anti-tumor therapy is the successful delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents specifically to solid tumors.

Main body
The recent progresses in development of TME responsive nanoparticles offers promising strategies for combating cancer by making use of the common attributes of tumor such as acidic and hypoxic microenvironments. In this review, we discussed the prominent strategies utilized in the development of tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles and mode of release of therapeutic cargo.

Conclusion
Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles offers a universal approach for anti-cancer therapy.
High-resolution gravity measurement aboard an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: Ishihara Takemi , Shinohara Masanao , Fujimoto Hiromi , Kanazawa Toshihiko , Araya Akito , Yamada Tomoaki , Iizasa Kokichi , Tsukioka Satoshi , Omika Shinobu , Yoshiume Takeshi , Mochizuki Masashi , Uehira Kenji 
Published: August 2018

We have developed an underwater gravity measurement system that uses an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for exploration of seafloor mineral deposits. An improved air/sea gravimeter mounted on a gimbal mechanism in a pressure capsule 50 cm in diameter was installed in the AUV Urashima. We carried out 11 AUV dives in Sagami Bay as well as in deep-sea mineral deposit areas offshore Japan. The AUV was navigated at a constant speed of 2 knots and at either constant depth or constant altitude above the sea bottom. We obtained high-resolution Bouguer anomaly data through processing of gravity data, water pressure data, and the AUV’s navigational data, including pitch and roll motion. In addition to a vertical acceleration correction using a precise pressure meter with an in situ conversion factor from pressure to depth, three additional corrections were made to the gravimeter data: corrections for the effects of a spatial separation and a time delay between the depth sensor and the gravimeter, and an adjustment to the conversion from pressure increments to depth increments. These new corrections allowed us to obtain high-resolution data in a constant-depth survey of the southern Izena Hole at a depth of approximately 1550 m. The data had a 0.1 mGal rms crossover difference after leveling. This survey revealed two high Bouguer anomaly areas with amplitudes of 1–2 mGal. A model calculation suggested that the anomalies result from the presence of two buried cylindrical high-density mineral deposits. Our data processing method allows the detection of mineral deposits located at or just beneath the seafloor using gravity data collected aboard AUVs. However, further improvements in resolution are desirable, particularly for surveys in areas with rugged topography.
Dexmedetomidine Pharmacokinetics and a New Dosing Paradigm in Infants Supported With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Zimmerman Kanecia O. , Wu Huali , Laughon Matthew , Greenberg Rachel G. , Walczak Richard , Schulman Scott R. , Smith P. Brian , Hornik Christoph P. , Cohen-Wolkowiez Michael , Watt Kevin M. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Dexmedetomidine is increasingly used off-label in infants and children with cardiac disease during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and in the postoperative period. Despite its frequent use, optimal dosing of dexmedetomidine in the setting of CPB has not been identified but is expected to differ from dosing in those not supported with CPB. This study had the following aims: (1) characterize the effect of CPB on dexmedetomidine clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) in infants and young children; (2) characterize tolerance and sedation in patients receiving dexmedetomidine; and (3) identify preliminary dosing recommendations for infants and children undergoing CPB. We hypothesized that CL would decrease, and V would increase during CPB compared to pre- or post-CPB states.

METHODS:
Open-label, single-center, opportunistic pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety study of dexmedetomidine in patients ≤36 months of age administered dexmedetomidine per standard of care via continuous infusion. We analyzed dexmedetomidine PK data using standard nonlinear mixed effects modeling with NONMEM software. We compared model-estimated PK parameters to those from historical patients receiving dexmedetomidine before anesthesia for urologic, lower abdominal, or plastic surgery; after low-risk cardiac or craniofacial surgery; or during bronchoscopy or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. We investigated the influence of CPB-related factors on PK estimates and used the final model to simulate dosing recommendations, targeting a plasma concentration previously associated with safety and efficacy (0.6 ng/mL). We used the Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate differences in dexmedetomidine exposure between infants with hypotension or bradycardia and those who did not develop these adverse events.

RESULTS:
We collected 213 dexmedetomidine plasma samples from 18 patients. Patients had a median (range) age of 3.3 months (0.1–34.0 months) and underwent CPB for 161 minutes (63–394 minutes). We estimated a CL of 13.4 L/h/70 kg (95% confidence interval, 2.6–24.2 L/h/70 kg) during CPB, compared to 42.1 L/h/70 kg (95% confidence interval, 38.7–45.8 L/h/70 kg) in the historical patients. No specific CPB-related factor had a statistically significant effect on PK. A loading dose of 0.7 µg/kg over 10 minutes before CPB, followed by maintenance infusions through CPB of 0.2 or 0.25 µg/kg/h in infants with postmenstrual ages of 42 or 92 weeks, respectively, maintained targeted concentrations. We identified no association between dexmedetomidine exposure and selected adverse events (P = .13).

CONCLUSIONS:
CPB is associated with lower CL during CPB in infants and young children compared to those not undergoing CPB. Further study should more closely investigate CPB-related factors that may influence CL.
Anesthesiologists’ Overconfidence in Their Perceived Knowledge of Neuromuscular Monitoring and Its Relevance to All Aspects of Medical Practice: An International Survey
Authors: Naguib Mohamed , Brull Sorin J. , Hunter Jennifer M. , Kopman Aaron F. , Fülesdi Béla , Johnson Ken B. , Arkes Hal R. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
In patients who receive a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) during anesthesia, undetected postoperative residual neuromuscular block is a common occurrence that carries a risk of potentially serious adverse events, particularly postoperative pulmonary complications. There is abundant evidence that residual block can be prevented when real-time (quantitative) neuromuscular monitoring with measurement of the train-of-four ratio is used to guide NMBD administration and reversal. Nevertheless, a significant percentage of anesthesiologists fail to use quantitative devices or even conventional peripheral nerve stimulators routinely. Our hypothesis was that a contributing factor to the nonutilization of neuromuscular monitoring was anesthesiologists’ overconfidence in their knowledge and ability to manage the use of NMBDs without such guidance.

METHODS:
We conducted an Internet-based multilingual survey among anesthesiologists worldwide. We asked respondents to answer 9 true/false questions related to the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Participants were also asked to rate their confidence in the accuracy of each of their answers on a scale of 50% (pure guess) to 100% (certain of answer).

RESULTS:
Two thousand five hundred sixty persons accessed the website; of these, 1629 anesthesiologists from 80 countries completed the 9-question survey. The respondents correctly answered only 57% of the questions. In contrast, the mean confidence exhibited by the respondents was 84%, which was significantly greater than their accuracy. Of the 1629 respondents, 1496 (92%) were overconfident.

CONCLUSIONS:
The anesthesiologists surveyed expressed overconfidence in their knowledge and ability to manage the use of NMBDs. This overconfidence may be partially responsible for the failure to adopt routine perioperative neuromuscular monitoring. When clinicians are highly confident in their knowledge about a procedure, they are less likely to modify their clinical practice or seek further guidance on its use.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Intravenous Amisulpride as Treatment of Established Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Who Have Had No Prior Prophylaxis
Authors: Candiotti Keith A. , Kranke Peter , Bergese Sergio D. , Melson Timothy I. , Motsch Johann , Siddiqui Naveed , Chung Frances , Rodriguez Yiliam , Minkowitz Harold S. , Ayad Sabry S. , Diemunsch Pierre , Fox Gabriel 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) occurs commonly in surgical patients despite widespread prophylactic antiemetic use. Rescue options are currently limited. 5HT3 antagonists are most frequently used for prophylaxis, but if they fail, additional doses are not effective as rescue medication. Intravenous (IV) amisulpride, a well-studied D2/D3 antagonist, has been shown in trials to prevent PONV. This study was designed to determine if amisulpride could be used to treat established PONV in patients at low-to-moderate risk of PONV who had not received any prior prophylaxis.

METHODS:
Men and women aged over 18 years were permitted to enroll if they were to undergo general inhalational anesthesia, expected to last at least 1 hour, for an outpatient or inpatient surgical procedure. Patients who then suffered PONV were randomized equally to 1 of 3 single-dose IV regimens: placebo or 5 or 10 mg amisulpride. The primary end point was complete response, defined as no emesis in the period 30 minutes to 24 hours after study drug treatment and no use of rescue medication in the entire 24-hour period.

RESULTS:
One thousand nine hundred eighty-eight patients were enrolled preoperatively, of whom 560 were randomized to a treatment arm. Complete response occurred in 39 of 181 patients (21.5%) in the placebo group compared to 60 of 191 patients (31.4%; P = .016) and 59 of 188 patients (31.4%; P = .016) in the amisulpride 5 and 10 mg groups, respectively. The adverse event profile of amisulpride at either dose was similar to placebo.

CONCLUSIONS:
IV amisulpride at 5 and 10 mg was safe and efficacious in the treatment of established PONV in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia with no prior PONV prophylaxis.
Physical Activity Patterns and Mortality: The Weekend Warrior and Activity Bouts
Authors: SHIROMA ERIC J. , LEE I-MIN , SCHEPPS MITCHELL A. , KAMADA MASAMITSU , HARRIS TAMARA B. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to examine how accelerometer-assessed physical activity accumulation patterns (e.g., is activity performed daily or only 1 or 2 d·wk−1 or is activity accrued in bouts) may affect the association with mortality.

Methods
Adults (N = 3438), age 40 yr and older, who wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph 7164), were drawn from the longitudinal follow-up of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2003–2006), a population-based survey of the United States. Accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was described by activity patterns. Participants engaging in the majority of their activity on only 1 or 2 d·wk−1· were classified as “weekend warriors.” Activity bouts were defined as a period of at least moderate intensity lasting at least 10 min. Bout characteristics included bout frequency and length. Mortality was assessed through National Death Index matching through 2013. Mortality rates were compared among groups with different activity patterns.

Results
Over an average follow-up of 77.4 months, 394 deaths occurred. Compared to participants with <37.5 min of MVPA per week, those with greater amounts of activity had a 60% to 69% mortality rate reduction after adjusting for relevant covariables. Similar risk reductions were found when contrasting weekend warriors with those who were more frequently active. An increase of one MVPA bout per week was associated with a 13% increased mortality rate. Bout duration was not associated with mortality.

Conclusion
Physical activity is associated with decreased mortality rate, even among those who are active 1 or 2 d·wk−1.
The myth of luxury in a fashion world
Authors: Wachenfeldt Paula Von 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
If luxury is more relevant today it is perhaps due to its ubiquitous presence. This study examines the meaning of luxury and the myth that surrounds the exclusive goods. How do we classify luxury in relation to fashion? And how can we recognize a luxury item when most of the houses apply the same selling strategies as the ones of the fashion industry? A semiotic analysis of three luxury houses helps us to map out this blurry landscape and this by looking first at the sociocultural signs that are characteristic of a luxury brand, and second, by exploring today’s representations of luxury brands on the market. Findings indicate that the luxury label today can in reality only be restricted to a few houses while the myth of luxury is still trying to blow life in the consumer’s mind.
Manufacturing fashion: Access and alienation in The September Issue and Mademoiselle C
Authors: Williams Aimee 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The following article examines the mechanisms structuring two thematically similar documentaries: The September Issue and Mademoiselle C. I consider both documentaries for their common fixation on the public and private lives of two prominent fashion editors: American Vogue’s Editor-in-Chief Anna Wintour and CR Fashion Book’s Carine Roitfeld. Examining a few key scenes from these documentaries, I discuss the cinematic techniques that create illusions of access, discussing the resulting power dynamics structuring each production.
Strength in numbers: B-girls, gender identities and hip-hop education
Authors: Fogarty Mary , Cleto Erica , Zsolt Jessie , Melindy Jacqueline 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article examines the experiences of females in local, community breaking (dance) programmes. The Toronto B-Girl Movement is a series of programmes offering lessons in breaking led by KeepRockinYou, an arts collective of women. Through ethnographic methods, researchers considered what motivates novice b-girls to take up breaking and what their experience of the scene and programme are. Building on the seminal work about gender performativity (Butler 1990), popular music education and gender (Green 1997), and female-led spaces (Björck 2011), we argue that novice b-girls do not necessarily identify their dance practice as resistant, empowering or ‘badass’ (Johnson 2014), instead these discourses are learned, performed and/or rejected. We suggest that intergenerational exchanges between women are productive in facilitating social rewards for new dancers (friendships, access to codes and conventions of hip-hop culture, mentorship and moral support). A growing number of females participating in the hip-hop scene locally is one result.