bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PUMPING TESTS AND HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF AN ARTESIAN AQUIFER NEAR HORSENS, DENMARK
Authors: ANDERSEN L. J. , HAMAN Z. 
Published: May 2018

In the Egebjerg area, near Horsens, several aquifers consisting of glacial outwash material deposited in a glacial eroded buried valley in the Tertiary formation have been encountered.
The lowest of these, which is the main productive aquifer, and which has leaky artesian conditions, has been investigated. The thickness of this aquifer varies from 10-40 m. The lower confining bed consists of boulder clay or meltwater clay underlain by boulder clay. The upper confining bed, where leakage occurs, consists of meltwater clay with thickness from 0 to 5 m. The upper meltwater deposits include a sequence of interglacial lake deposits and several layers or laminae of clay, which separate this water-bearing material into more aquifers with watertable or artesian conditions. In the eastern part of the area boulder clay deposits are found at the top of the sequence.
The Theis modified non-equilibrium equation and its derived formula for the non-steady-state leaky artesian case have been used to determine aquifer properties from pumping test data. By means of Jacob's method and a logarithmic method, well characteristics are determined graphically. Barometric efficiency, reverse fluctuations, and boundary conditions are recorded and discussed.
Coagulant residues’ influence on virus enumeration as shown in a study on virus removal using aluminium, zirconium and chitosan
Authors: Christensen Ekaterina , Myrmel Mette 
Published: May 2018

AbstractResearch on microorganism reduction by physicochemical water treatment is often carried out under the assumption that the microbiological enumeration techniques are not affected by the presence of coagulants. Data presented here indicate that bacteriophage enumeration by plaque assay and RT-qPCR (reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction) can be affected by these water treatment chemicals. Treatment of water samples with an alkaline protein-rich solution prior to plaque assay and optimization of RNA extraction for RT-qPCR were implemented to minimize the interference. The improved procedures were used in order to investigate reduction of three viral pathogens and the MS2 model virus in the presence of three coagulants. A conventional aluminium coagulant was compared to alternative agents (zirconium and chitosan) in a coagulation-filtration system. The highest virus reduction, i.e., 99.9–99.99%, was provided by chitosan, while aluminium and zirconium reduced virus by 99.9% in colour-rich water and by 90% in water with less colour, implying an effect of coagulant type and raw water quality on virus reduction. Although charge characteristics of viruses were associated with virus reduction, the results reveal that the MS2 phage is a suitable model for aggregation and retention of the selected pathogens.
A comparison of removal performance of volatile organic and sulfurous compounds between odour abatement systems
Authors: Shammay A. , Evanson I. , Stuetz R. M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Three types of odour abatement systems in sewer networks in Australia were studied for 18 months to determine the removals of different compounds. Six volatile sulfurous compounds and seven volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were further investigated. All types of odour abatement systems exhibited good removal of hydrogen sulfide with the biotrickling filters (BTFs) showing the highest consistent removal. Biofilters outperformed BTFs and activated carbon (AC) filters in the removal of dimethyl mono-, di- and tri-sulfide species at the low inlet concentrations typically found. AC filters exhibited little VOC removal with no compound consistently identified as having a removal greater than 0%. Biofilters outperformed BTFs in VOC removal, yet both had high removal variability.
Removal of copper from an electroplating industrial effluent using the native and modified spirogyra
Authors: Ilyas Nimra , Ilyas Sadia , Sajjad-ur-Rahman  , Yousaf Sidra , Zia Aqsa , Sattar Sidra 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the present study, biosorption behavior of a green filamentous alga, spirogyra in its native and modified states was investigated for copper removal from an electroplating industrial effluent. For this, the effluent containing 194 mg·L−1 Cu2+ in sulfate medium was contacted with both forms of spirogyra, under the parametric variations of effluent pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and sorption temperature. The study revealed spirogyra as a prominent candidate for removing contaminant metal cation; however, at the same condition, biosorption capacity of modified biomass in gel form was higher than the native spirogyra. At the optimized condition with 6 g sorbent dosage treated to 100 mL effluent for 30 min at pH 6.0 and temperature 20 °C, the maximum 82.8% and 96.4% copper could be adsorbed by the native and modified spirogyra, respectively. The batch sorption data using native biomass followed pseudo-first-order kinetic; exhibiting the multilayer sorption mechanism via surface diffusion could be defined by the Freundlich model. In contrast, the sulfuric acid treated modified spirogyra followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and intra particle diffusion as the rate-limiting step.
Synthesis of magnetic alginate beads based on magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles for removal of Sr (II) from aqueous solution: kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Yakout Sobhy M. , Hassan Mohamed R. , Aly Mohamed I. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Novel magnetic alginate beads (MagAlgbeads) have been developed by incorporation of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) in alginate beads with the aim of using them in the removal of strontium from aqueous solution. MagAlgbeads were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption of strontium onto MagAlgbeads were found to depend on pH and strontium removal increases with increasing pH until pH is 6. Strontium adsorption kinetics run through pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamically, strontium adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. Langmuir isotherm gave good fitting for strontium removal with adsorption capacity of 505.5 mg/g. These results proved that the prepared MagAlgbeads are very efficient material for strontium adsorption.
A Systematic Review on Donepezil-based Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Korabecny Jan , Spilovska Katarina , Mezeiova Eva , Benek Ondrej , Juza Radomir , Kaping Daniel , Soukup Ondrej 
Published: May 2018

:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a multifactorial progressive neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and gradual deterioration of intellectual capacity.
Its etiology has not been elucidated yet. To date, only one therapeutic approach has
been approved for the treatment of AD. The pharmacotherapy of AD has relied on noncompetitive
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist - memantine, and acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) inhibitors (AChEIs) - tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine.
Donepezil was able to ameliorate the symptoms related to AD mainly via AChE, but also
through reduction of β-amyloid burden. This review presents the overview of donepezilrelated
compounds as potential anti-AD drugs developed on the basis of cholinergic hypothesis
to act as solely AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors.
Synthesis, Characterization, Free-radical Scavenging Capacity and Antioxidant Activity of Novel Series of Hydrazone, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,2,4- triazole Derived from 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole
Authors: Karrouchi Khalid , Fettach Saad , Radi Smaail , Yousfi El bekkaye , Taoufik Jamal , Mabkhot Yahia Nasser , Alterary Seham , Faouzi My El Abbes , Ansar Muhammed 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Pyrazole is an important class of heterocyclic compound, has been shown
to exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer,
antioxidant, etc.

Methods:
In this study, a series of novel 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives containing hydrazine
4a-l have been synthesized via the reaction of the 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide.
All synthesized compounds have been tested for their in vitro antioxidant activities via utilization of
1,1-biphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as a free radical scavenging reagent.

Results:
The data reported herein indicates that compound 4k showed potential radical scavenging
capacity and compounds 4f and 4g exhibited best activity for the iron binding while comparing with
positive controls.

Conclusion:
Good activity was noted for some compounds. In particular, compound 4k showed the
highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 22.79 ± 3.64 and 1.35 ± 0.66 μg/mL in the DPPH
and ABTS tests, respectively.
Graphitization Behavior of Single Crystal Diamond for the Application in Nano-Metric Cutting
Authors: Bai Qingshun , Wang Zhiguo , Guo Yongbo , Chen Jiaxuan , Shang Yuanjiang 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Graphitization behavior of diamond has received an increasing interest
in nanoscale machining of some hard and brittle materials. Diamond has always been an important
and excellent tool material in cutting area. However, the graphitization of the diamond
tool is inevitable when it was used in special conditions. It is indicated that the graphitization of
diamond crystal has great influence on the wear resistance of diamond cutting tool. The graphitization
behavior needs to be investigated extensively in nanoscale with an atomic view. Molecular
dynamics simulation provides a useful tool for understanding of the graphitization mechanism
of diamond. The investigation on graphitization behavior of single crystal diamond can
also provide a useful reference for the application of diamond cutting tool.

Materials and Methods:
In this paper, a molecular dynamics (MD) diamond crystal model is
built to examine the graphitization behavior of diamond under various conditions. The sixfold
ring method was employed to identify the structural characteristics of graphite and diamond.
The effects of temperature and crystal orientation on the graphitization of diamond have been
revealed. Considering the effect of temperature, the anisotropy of diamond graphitization
against various crystal planes is presented and discussed carefully. The nano-metric cutting
model of diamond tool evaluated by the sixfold ring method also proves the graphitization
mechanisms in atomic view.

Results:
Results indicate that the sixfold ring method is a reliable method to evaluate the graphitization
behavior of diamond crystal. There exists a critical temperature of the graphitization of
diamond. The results also show that {111} plane is more easy to get graphitization as compared
with other crystal planes. However, {100} plane of diamond model presents the highest antigraphitization
property.

Conclusion:
The obtained results have provided the in-depth understanding on the wear of diamond
tool in nano-metric machining and underpin the development of diamond cutting tool.
Genetic Diversity and Genetic Differentiation of Rheum palmatum by Chloroplast matK Sequences
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqin , Lin Na , Chen Liping , Zhang Zunjing , Lei Houxing , Wei Shengli , Liu Chunsheng 
Published: May 2018

Background:Rheum palmatum is a medically important plant in the Polygonaceae family. Its wild resources have been declining due to over-exploitation. It is important and urgent to investigate the genetic diversity for the conservation of R. palmatum.Methods:The Chloroplast DNA matK sequences were used to assess genetic diversity among and within populations in this species. The genetic diversity index was calculated by Dnasp, PERMUT and Arlequin 3.0 software, and a Neighbor-Joining (NJ)-tree was constructed by MEGA 5.0 software.Results:Nine haplotypes were obtained based on the matK sequence analysis in fifteen populations. We found a relatively high genetic diversity in species level (Hd = 0.7414), and the genetic diversity among populations (FST = 0.81582) was higher than that within populations (FSC = 0.69526) according to the AMOVA analysis. The genetic distance between populations ranged from 0 to 0.0044, which within populations ranged from 0 to 0.001761. There was a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.601, P < 0.001) according to the SPSS analysis.Conclusion:The genetic diversity among populations was higher than that within populations due to geographic isolation and decline in gene flow among populations. This study is significant for further studies concerned with efficient collection and preservation of wild resource of R. palmatum.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Leaf Extract
Authors: Ng Hooi Chien , Khe Cheng Seong , Yau Xin Hui , Liu Wei Wen , Aziz Azizan 
Published: May 2018

Background:Owing to their remarkable chemical, physical and biological properties, silver nanoparticles have been widely used in water purification, electronics, bio-sensing, clothing, food industry, paint and medical devices. Various approaches, such as using harsh reducing and stabilising agents for reverse micelle and thermal decomposition, were proposed for silver nanoparticle production. However, these methods are not eco-friendly. Thus, the aim of this paper is to synthesise silver nanoparticles through a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach.Materials and Methods:A green approach was presented for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. This approach involved the treatment of silver nitrate and hibiscus leaf extract, which acts as reducing and capping agent. The synthesis was performed at room temperature. The resulting silver nanoparticles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Results:Spherical, rod-like, hexagonal and triangular silver nanoparticles were obtained through the proposed synthesis method. The crystalline nature of each nanoparticle was revealed by XRD and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The average spherical size of the silver nanoparticles produced in this route was 44.3 nm. The obtained FTIR band at 1622 cm-1 corresponded to the C=O stretch in the amine I group, which is commonly found in protein. Thus, the protein was believed to serve as capping agent that was responsible for the stabilisation of silver nanoparticles.Conclusion:In conclusion, silver nanoparticles had been successfully synthesised using hibiscus leaf extract and a plausible formation mechanism of silver nanoparticles was proposed.
Nasopharyngeal Airway Versus Laryngeal Mask Airway During Diagnostic Flexible Fiber-Optic Bronchoscope in Children
Authors: Shoukry Aktham Adel , Sharaf Amr Gaber Sayed 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Pediatric fibreoptic diagnostic bronchoscope under general anesthesia using Supraglottic devices as Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) and nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) are one of the variable techniques used for patient’s ventilation during this procedure.

Objective:
We studied the effect of both devices on hypoxemia, the duration of the procedure, recovery time and the overall propofol consumption.

Methods:
Ninety patients of both sexes, aged 5-10 years, American society of Anesthesiology class I & II scheduled for diagnostic fibreoptic bronchoscope under general anesthesia were divided randomly into two equal groups; LMA group & NPA group, during the procedure: heart rate, non invasive blood pressure, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2), time of procedure, recovery time and total dose of propofol were measured and compared for each patient in both groups.

Results:
Hypoxemia & desaturation incidence was more in LMA group than NPA group with high significant difference (p-value 0.005). Also the duration of procedure, recovery time in PACU, and total dose of propofol consumed were significantly less in the NPA group (p< 0.001). With no difference in hemodynamic status and PaCO2.

Conclusion:
The use of NPA as supraglottic ventilating device for children undergoing diagnostic flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy is considered a good alternative for shortening the bronchoscopy time with less incidence of hypoxemia and better recovery time compared to LMA.
Acute Kidney Injury and Risk of Heart Failure and Atherosclerotic Events
Authors: Go Alan S. , Hsu Chi-yuan , Yang Jingrong , Tan Thida C. , Zheng Sijie , Ordonez Juan D. , Liu Kathleen D. 
Published: May 2018

Background and objectives
AKI in the hospital is common and is associated with excess mortality. We examined whether AKI is also independently associated with a higher risk of different cardiovascular events in the first year after discharge.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort between 2006 and 2013 with follow-up through 2014, within Kaiser Permanente Northern California. We identified all adults admitted to 21 hospitals who had one or more in-hospital serum creatinine test result and survived to discharge. Occurrence of AKI was on the basis of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes diagnostic criteria. Potential confounders were identified from comprehensive inpatient and outpatient, laboratory, and pharmacy electronic medical records. During the 365 days after discharge, we ascertained occurrence of heart failure, acute coronary syndromes, peripheral artery disease, and ischemic stroke events from electronic medical records.

Results
Among a matched cohort of 146,941 hospitalized adults, 31,245 experienced AKI. At 365 days postdischarge, AKI was independently associated with higher rates of the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure and atherosclerotic events (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.13 to 1.25) even after adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, preadmission eGFR and proteinuria, heart failure and sepsis complicating the hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay, and predicted in-hospital mortality. This was driven by an excess risk of subsequent heart failure (aHR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.56), whereas there was no significant association with follow-up atherosclerotic events (aHR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.12).

Conclusions
AKI is independently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events, especially heart failure, after hospital discharge.
CURRENT REGULATION OF MEDICAL GASES IN INDIA AND FUTURE ASPECTS
Authors: Soni Navdha N , Maheshwari Dilip G 
Published: May 2018

Generally medical gases are administered or supplied directly to the patients. They should be manufactured and transferred with the highest quality possible as per standards and limits decided by the different regulatory authorities. In India medical gases are regulated by Ministry of Commerce and Industry and central drug standard control organization. Along with these various act are available for better regulation that are Explosives act 1884, Gas cylinder rules 2004, Drugs and Cosmetics Act and specifications of medical gases are given in Indian pharmacopoeias. Various facilities and requirements for the manufacturing and regulation of medical gases are covered. In spite of all the regulations, there are reports of problems associates with medical gas manufacturing and uses. What are steps should be taken for the solution of these problems.
Tax Reform and Tax Experts
Authors: Slemrod Joel 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), passed in 2017, represents the most comprehensive revision of the U.S. income tax since the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86). Although the TCJA shares many features with TRA86—corporate tax rate cuts, increasing the standard deduction, cutting back on deductions—it sharply differs in that it is neither revenue neutral nor distributionally neutral, both aspects of which are troubling in light of the large long-run federal fiscal imbalance and rising income inequality. Regardless of one's normative evaluation, the TCJA provides scores of natural experiments that can inform us about the consequences of tax changes on a wide range of economic behaviors.
Kouluterveydenhuollon suunnitelmallisuus ja yhtenäinen taso kouluterveydenhuollon toimintaohjelmien valossa
Authors: Frantsi-Lankia Marjut , Kivimäki Hanne , Wiss Kirsi , Saaristo Vesa , Ståhl Timo , Rimpelä Arja 
Published: May 2018

Kouluterveydenhuollon tulee olla suunnitelmallista, laadukasta ja tasoltaan yhtenäistä. Vuonna 2009 annettu asetus velvoittaa kuntia tekemään yhtenäisen toimintaohjelman lasten ja nuorten ehkäiseville terveyspalveluille. Tutkimuksessa arvioidaan kouluterveydenhuollon suunnitelmallisuutta ja yhtenäistä tasoa toimintaohjelmien avulla. Vertailukelpoista arviointia varten kehitimme toimintaohjelmamittarin. Mittari ja arvioinnin tulos kuvataan artikkelissa. Aluehallintovirastotkeräsivät toimintaohjelmat alueensa terveyskeskuksista 2011–2012 (N= 136, 87%). Arviointiin kehitettiin mittari, joka koostuu 38:sta säädöksiin perustuvasta indikaattorista. Nämä ryhmiteltiin seitsemään ulottuvuuteen (sitoutuminen, johtaminen, yhteistyö, voimavarat, laajat terveystarkastukset,muut terveystarkastukset ja terveysneuvonta, erityinen tuki). Mittarin maksimipisteet olivat 76. Toimintaohjelmien kouluterveydenhuoltoa koskevat osat arvioitiin mittarin avulla. Toimintaohjelmien kokonaispisteet vaihtelivat välillä 0–70 (0–92 % maksimista). Keskiarvo oli 39.6 (52 %). Seitsemästä ulottuvuudesta matalimmat pisteet sai voimavarat (2,7/8 pistettä) ja korkeimmat muut terveystarkastukset ja terveysneuvonta (7,3/12 pistettä). Suurten terveyskeskusten toimintaohjelmat saivat korkeammat pisteet (46,5) kuin pienempien (29,5). Ensimmäiset asetuksen mukaiset toimintaohjelmat olivat vaihtelevia ja niiden suunnittelussa todettiin puutteita. Kehitetyn mittarin avulla kouluterveydenhuoltoa voidaan arvioida vertailukelpoisesti yli koko maan. Nyt raportoidut tulokset toimivat perustasona kouluterveydenhuollon seurannassa. Mittaria voidaan soveltaa myös muille alueille ja hyödyntää kouluterveydenhuollon kehittämisessä sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon uudistuksen yhteydessä.
New Approach for Bio-Economic Integrated Management in Sheep Growth
Authors: Udrea Lavinia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A rising of sheep flocks represents one of the economical procedure imposed to be solved every one year, in the generations’ succession, through a judicious organizing of a complex reproduction activity, of breeding, of exploiting, of improvement and economical analyzing. A consequence of unspecified disease of this specie is the morbidity and the losses, generated by the infringement breeding exploiting conditions, adding the parasitical diseases, especially these linked to the lawns. This work suggests to be a radiography of the actions connected to breeding and exploiting the sheep on family farm conditions. The scientific management of production process is supposed to know the results of the activiyies of the assembly factors, which influence in a positive or a negative way the economic efficiency level, regarding the irrational leading of all the actions made to obtain a maximum economic efficiency.