bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edible Corn‐zein‐based Coating Incorporated with Nisin or Lemongrass Essential Oil Inhibits Listeria monocytogenes on Cultured Hybrid Striped Bass, Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis, Fillets During Refrigerated and Frozen Storage
Authors: Hager Janelle V. , Rawles Steven D. , Xiong Youling L. , Newman Melissa C. , Webster Carl D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractListeria monocytogenes presents a serious threat to consumer safety because it is resistant to various food storage techniques, including reduced or modified atmosphere packaging, refrigerated storage, and increased salt concentration. Edible coatings incorporated with natural antimicrobials have been suggested to control pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on a variety of meat products. In this study, edible zein‐based coatings incorporated with nisin and lemongrass essential oil (LGEO; 8%) were evaluated for antibacterial action against L. monocytogenes and spoilage organisms on fresh, cultured hybrid striped bass, Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops, under two storage conditions (refrigerated or frozen) and two packaging types (polyvinyl chloride [PVC] and vacuum packing) over time. Corn‐zein‐based edible coatings were found to be an effective carrier for nisin and LGEO. Fillets coated with nisin showed the largest decrease in L. monocytogenes cell counts in both PVC and vacuum‐packaged samples in both refrigerated and frozen product, while fillets coated with LGEO showed intermediate inhibition of L. monocytogenes cell counts, with the strongest LGEO antibacterial effect being found in frozen product regardless of packaging. Both nisin and LGEO treatments were most effective in PVC‐packaged fillets compared to vacuum‐packaged fillets, but the difference in bacterial loads between packaging methods was minor. Bacterial loads on refrigerated product tended to increase slightly after 5‐d storage regardless of coating treatment or packaging, whereas bacterial loads on frozen product remained stable or decreased with time up to 60 d regardless of coating treatment or packaging. Data from the present study indicate that application of edible coatings incorporated with essential oils not only promotes food product safety but also may satisfy the preferences of consumers.
Deep Transfer Learning for Image‐Based Structural Damage Recognition
Authors: Gao Yuqing , Mosalam Khalid M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article implements the state‐of‐the‐art deep learning technologies for a civil engineering application, namely recognition of structural damage from images. Inspired by ImageNet Challenge and the development of computer hardware, the concept of Structural ImageNet is proposed herein with four naïve baseline recognition tasks: component type identification, spalling condition check, damage level evaluation, and damage type determination. A relatively small number of images (2,000) are selected from the Structural ImageNet and manually labeled according to the four recognition tasks. In order to avoid overfitting, Transfer Learning (TL) based on VGGNet (Visual Geometry Group) is introduced and applied using two different strategies, namely feature extractor and fine‐tuning. Two experiments are designed based on properties of these two strategies to find the relative optimal model parameters and scope of application. Models obtained by both strategies indicate the promising recognition results and different application potentials where feature extractor and fine‐tuning can be respectively used for preliminary analysis and for further improvement. These results also reveal the potential uses of deep TL in image‐based structural damage recognition.
“One God Father Almighty”
Authors: Behr John 
Published: April 2018

Abstract“One God Father Almighty” is among the most basic Christian confessions. In this article, John Behr argues that the precise order of these four words is not random. In his works, Origen reflects on the scriptural titles for God and Christ, and concludes that “Almighty” does not precede the title “Father,” since the Father is Almighty through the Son, in whom all things were made. Building on Origen's scriptural exegesis, Gregory of Nyssa interprets the word “God” as designating specifically the Father, whereas the Son and the Spirit receive their (eternal) identity only in relation to “God the Father.” For Origen, Jesus is the Son of God, rather than God the Son. The one “God over all” is the Father, made known through the Son and the Spirit.
Thyroid hormones and diabetic nephropathy: An essential relationship to recognize
Authors: Han Qianqian , Zhang Junlin , Wang Yiting , Li Hanyu , Zhang Rui , Guo Ruikun , Li Li , Teng Geer , Wang Jiali , Wang Tingli , Liu Fang 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTAimsAlthough abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), the relationship between thyroid hormones and DN is unclear and has been ignored during clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid hormones and clinicopathologic changes in biopsy‐proven DN patients.MethodsClinical and pathological data for 146 biopsy‐proven DN patients were collected. The patients were divided into four groups: euthyroid group, high‐thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) group (SCH), low‐free triiodothyronine (FT3) group (with normal levels of TSH and FT4), and high‐TSH + low‐FT3 group (with normal levels of FT4). The clinicopathologic features among the four groups were investigated. We evaluated the risks of abnormal thyroid hormone levels on DN by logistic regression with multivariable adjustments for other risk factors. We also performed quarterback and eight‐point analyses of TSH and FT3 levels to determine their influences on DN.ResultsThe overt proteinuria (>5 g/24 h) (P = 0.008) and severity of glomerular lesions (P = 0.011) differed between euthyroid group and high‐TSH group significantly. Moreover, the levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (P =0.019), serum creatinine (P =0.014), and severity of glomerular lesions (P =0.003) differed between the euthyroid group and low‐FT3 group significantly. There were also significant differences between high‐TSH, low‐FT3 and high‐TSH + low‐FT3 patients, respectively. Respective correlations between high‐TSH, low‐FT3 and renal clinicopathologic changes were found to be significant according to logistic regression analyses. Quarterback and eight‐point analyses indicated that patients with TSH levels of 4.54–5.67 mU/L had the most severe renal clinicopathologic changes, and the severity of renal changes decreased with increased FT3 levels.ConclusionsDiabetic nephropathy patients with high‐TSH and/or low‐FT3 had more severe proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and glomerular lesions, suggesting that regulating thyroid hormones might have a renoprotective effect.
The impact of domestication and crop improvement on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in cereals: insights from genetics and genomics
Authors: Sawers Ruairidh J. H. , Ramírez‐Flores M. Rosario , Olalde‐Portugal Víctor , Paszkowski Uta 
Published: April 2018

Contents

Summary
1135

I.
Introduction
1135

II.
Recruitment of plant metabolites and hormones as signals in AM symbiosis
1136

III.
Phytohormones are regulators of AM symbiosis and targets of plant breeding
1137

IV.
Variation in host response to AM symbiosis
1137

V.
Outlook
1137

Acknowledgements
1139

References
1139

SummaryCereals (rice, maize, wheat, sorghum and the millets) provide over 50% of the world's caloric intake, a value that rises to > 80% in developing countries. Since domestication, cereals have been under artificial selection, largely directed towards higher yield. Throughout this process, cereals have maintained their capacity to interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, beneficial symbionts that associate with the roots of most terrestrial plants. It has been hypothesized that the shift from the wild to cultivation, and above all the last c. 50 years of intensive breeding for high‐input farming systems, has reduced the capacity of the major cereal crops to gain full benefit from AM interactions. Recent studies have shed further light on the molecular basis of establishment and functioning of AM symbiosis in cereals, providing insight into where the breeding process might have had an impact. Classic phytohormones, targets of artificial selection during the generation of Green Revolution semi‐dwarf varieties, have emerged as important regulators of AM symbiosis. Although there is still much to be learnt about the mechanistic basis of variation in symbiotic outcome, these advances are providing an insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in agronomic systems.
Testing for Pathway (in)Activation by Using Gaussian Graphical Models
Authors: Wieringen Wessel N. , Peeters Carel F. W. , Menezes Renee X. , Wiel Mark A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryGenes work together in sets known as pathways to contribute to cellular processes, such as apoptosis and cell proliferation. Pathway activation, or inactivation, may be reflected in varying partial correlations between the levels of expression of the genes that constitute the pathway. Here we present a method to identify pathway activation status from two-sample studies. By modelling the levels of expression in each group by using a Gaussian graphical model, their partial correlations are proportional, differing by a common multiplier that reflects the activation status. We estimate model parameters by means of penalized maximum likelihood and evaluate the estimation procedure performance in a simulation study. A permutation scheme to test for pathway activation status is proposed. A reanalysis of publicly available data on the hedgehog pathway in normal and cancer prostate tissue shows its activation in the disease group: an indication that this pathway is involved in oncogenesis. Extensive diagnostics employed in the reanalysis complete the methodology proposed.
Scaling down of a deworming programme among school‐age children after a thirty‐year successful intervention in the Bolivian Chaco
Authors: Spinicci Michele , Macchioni Fabio , Rojo David , Gamboa Herlan , Villagrán Ana Liz , Vallejos Yolanda , Strohmeyer Marianne , Roselli Mimmo , Gabrielli Simona , Cancrini Gabriella , Monasterio Joaquín , Castellanos Paul , Paredes Grover Adolfo , Maury Sdenka , Zárate Adolfo , Rocabado Rodolfo , Olliaro Piero , Montresor Antonio , Bartoloni Alessandro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivePreventive chemotherapy is the WHO‐recommended control method for soil‐transmitted helminthiases. In the Bolivian Chaco, 6‐monthly single‐dose mebendazole delivery to school‐age children achieved a dramatic decrease in soil‐transmitted helminthiases prevalence between 1987 and 2013. Consequently, in September 2016, preventive chemotherapy delivery was interrupted in nine rural communities. In compliance with WHO recommendations, we intensified surveillance to monitor soil‐transmitted helminthiases prevalence and detect potential changes that would require interventions.MethodsWe conducted two cross‐sectional parasitology surveys 12 months apart (September 2016–2017) among school‐age children living in the communities where preventive chemotherapy delivery had been halted. Study design, methods of sampling and sample analysis technique (direct microscopy, Kato‐Katz technique) followed WHO recommendations, aiming to obtain data representative of the Bolivian Chaco ecological zone.ResultsWe collected 426 samples in 2016 and 520 in 2017. Soil‐transmitted helminthiasis prevalence was unremarkable: 0.7% (95% CI 0–1.5%) in 2016 and 0.8% (0–1.5%) in 2017. Conversely, the prevalence of tapeworms (13% in 2016, 12% in 2017) and intestinal protozoan infections (81% in 2016 and 75% in 2017) continued to be high.ConclusionsOur findings support the role of preventive chemotherapy in reducing soil‐transmitted helminthiases transmission, as otherwise poor hygienic and health conditions persist in the Bolivian Chaco. A national survey, involving areas from all the ecological zones of Bolivia, is now warranted.
A chromatin loop represses WUSCHEL expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Guo Lin , Cao Xiuwei , Liu Yuhao , Li Jun , Li Yongpeng , Li Dongming , Zhang Ke , Gao Caixia , Dong Aiwu , Liu Xigang 
Published: April 2018

SummaryWUSCHEL (WUS) is critical for plant meristem maintenance and determinacy in Arabidopsis, and the regulation of its spatiotemporal expression patterns is complex. We previously found that AGAMOUS (AG), a key MADS‐domain transcription factor in floral organ identity and floral meristem determinacy, can directly suppress WUS expression through the recruitment of the Polycomb group (PcG) protein TERMINAL FLOWER 2 (TFL2, also known as LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1, LHP1) at the WUS locus; however, the mechanism by which WUS is repressed remains unclear. Here, using chromosome conformation capture (3C) and chromatin immunoprecipitation 3C, we found that two specific regions flanking the WUS gene body bound by AG and TFL2 form a chromatin loop that is directly promoted by AG during flower development in a manner independent of the physical distance and sequence content of the intervening region. Moreover, AG physically interacts with TFL2, and TFL2 binding to the chromatin loop is dependent on AG. Transgenic and CRISPR/Cas9‐edited lines showed that the WUS chromatin loop represses gene expression by blocking the recruitment of RNA polymerase II at the locus. The findings uncover the WUS chromatin loop as another regulatory mechanism controlling WUS expression, and also shed light on the factors required for chromatin conformation change and their recruitment.
Genioglossus reflex responses to negative upper airway pressure are altered in people with tetraplegia and obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Wijesuriya Nirupama S. , Gainche Laura , Jordan Amy S. , Berlowitz David J. , LeGuen Mariannick , Rochford Peter D. , O'Donoghue Fergal J. , Ruehland Warren R. , Carberry Jayne C. , Butler Jane E. , Eckert Danny J. 
Published: April 2018

Key points
Protective reflexes in the throat area (upper airway) are crucial for breathing.
Impairment of these reflexes can cause breathing problems during sleep such as obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
OSA is very common in people with spinal cord injury for unknown reasons.
This study shows major changes in protective reflexes that serve to keep the upper airway open in response to suction pressures in people with tetraplegia and OSA.
These results help us understand why OSA is so common in people with tetraplegia and provide new insight into how protective upper airway reflexes work more broadly.
AbstractMore than 60% of people with tetraplegia have obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, the specific causes are unknown. Genioglossus, the largest upper‐airway dilator muscle, is important in maintaining upper‐airway patency. Impaired genioglossus muscle function following spinal cord injury may contribute to OSA. This study aimed to determine if genioglossus reflex responses to negative upper‐airway pressure are altered in people with OSA and tetraplegia compared to non‐neurologically impaired able‐bodied individuals with OSA. Genioglossus reflex responses measured via intramuscular electrodes to ∼60 brief (250 ms) pulses of negative upper‐airway pressure (∼−15 cmH2O at the mask) were compared between 13 participants (2 females) with tetraplegia plus OSA and 9 able‐bodied controls (2 females) matched for age and OSA severity. The initial short‐latency excitatory reflex response was absent in 6/13 people with tetraplegia and 1/9 controls. Genioglossus reflex inhibition in the absence of excitation was observed in three people with tetraplegia and none of the controls. When the excitatory response was present, it was significantly delayed in the tetraplegia group compared to able‐bodied controls: excitation onset latency (mean ± SD) was 32 ± 16 vs. 18 ± 9 ms, P = 0.045; peak excitation latency was 48 ± 17 vs. 33 ± 8 ms, P = 0.038. However, when present, amplitude of the excitation response was not different between groups, 195 ± 26 vs. 219 ± 98% at baseline, P = 0.55. There are major differences in genioglossus reflex morphology and timing in response to rapid changes in airway pressure in people with tetraplegia and OSA. Altered genioglossus function may contribute to the increased risk of OSA in people with tetraplegia. The precise mechanisms mediating these differences are unknown.
A Standard Method To Inactivate Bacillus anthracis Spores to Sterility via Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Cote Christopher K. , Buhr Tony , Bernhards Casey B. , Bohmke Matthew D. , Calm Alena M. , Esteban-Trexler Josephine S. , Hunter Melissa , Katoski Sarah E. , Kennihan Neil , Klimko Christopher P. , Miller Jeremy A. , Minter Zachary A. , Pfarr Jerry W. , Prugh Amber M. , Quirk Avery V. , Rivers Bryan A. , Shea April A. , Shoe Jennifer L. , Sickler Todd M. , Young Alice A. , Fetterer David P. , Welkos Susan L. , Bozue Joel A. , McPherson Derrell , Fountain Augustus W. , Gibbons Henry S. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

In 2015, a laboratory of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) inadvertently shipped preparations of gamma-irradiated spores of
Bacillus anthracis
that contained live spores. In response, a systematic evidence-based method for preparing, concentrating, irradiating, and verifying the inactivation of spore materials was developed. We demonstrate the consistency of spore preparations across multiple biological replicates and show that two different DoD institutions independently obtained comparable dose-inactivation curves for a monodisperse suspension of
B. anthracis
spores containing 3 × 10
10
CFU. Spore preparations from three different institutions and three strain backgrounds yielded similar decimal reduction (D
10
) values and irradiation doses required to ensure sterility (D
SAL
) to the point at which the probability of detecting a viable spore is 10
−6
. Furthermore, spores of a genetically tagged strain of
B. anthracis
strain Sterne were used to show that high densities of dead spores suppress the recovery of viable spores. Together, we present an integrated method for preparing, irradiating, and verifying the inactivation of spores of
B. anthracis
for use as standard reagents for testing and evaluating detection and diagnostic devices and techniques.

IMPORTANCE
The inadvertent shipment by a U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) laboratory of live
Bacillus anthracis
(anthrax) spores to U.S. and international destinations revealed the need to standardize inactivation methods for materials derived from biological select agents and toxins (BSAT) and for the development of evidence-based methods to prevent the recurrence of such an event. Following a retrospective analysis of the procedures previously employed to generate inactivated
B. anthracis
spores, a study was commissioned by the DoD to provide data required to support the production of inactivated spores for the biodefense community. The results of this work are presented in this publication, which details the method by which spores can be prepared, irradiated, and tested, such that the chance of finding residual living spores in any given preparation is 1/1,000,000. These irradiated spores are used to test equipment and methods for the detection of agents of biological warfare and bioterrorism.
Critical Role of Zinc in a New Murine Model of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Diarrhea
Authors: Bolick D. T. , Medeiros P. H. Q. S. , Ledwaba S. E. , Lima A. A. M. , Nataro J. P. , Barry E. M. , Guerrant R. L. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli
(ETEC) is a major cause of traveler's diarrhea as well as of endemic diarrhea and stunting in children in developing areas. However, a small-mammal model has been badly needed to better understand and assess mechanisms, vaccines, and interventions. We report a murine model of ETEC diarrhea, weight loss, and enteropathy and investigate the role of zinc in the outcomes. ETEC strains producing heat-labile toxins (LT) and heat-stable toxins (ST) that were given to weaned C57BL/6 mice after antibiotic disruption of normal microbiota caused growth impairment, watery diarrhea, heavy stool shedding, and mild to moderate intestinal inflammation, the latter being worse with zinc deficiency. Zinc treatment promoted growth in zinc-deficient infected mice, and subinhibitory levels of zinc reduced expression of ETEC virulence genes
cfa1
,
cexE
,
sta2
, and
degP
but not of
eltA in vitro
. Zinc supplementation increased shedding and the ileal burden of wild-type (WT) ETEC but decreased shedding and the tissue burden of LT knockout (LTKO) ETEC. LTKO ETEC-infected mice had delayed disease onset and also had less inflammation by fecal myeloperoxidase (MPO) assessment. These findings provide a new murine model of ETEC infection that can help elucidate mechanisms of growth, diarrhea, and inflammatory responses as well as potential vaccines and interventions.
New York City House Mice (Mus musculus) as Potential Reservoirs for Pathogenic Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants
Authors: Williams Simon H. , Che Xiaoyu , Paulick Ashley , Guo Cheng , Lee Bohyun , Muller Dorothy , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Lowy Franklin D. , Corrigan Robert M. , Lipkin W. Ian 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

House mice (
Mus musculus
) thrive in large urban centers worldwide. Nonetheless, little is known about the role that they may play in contributing to environmental contamination with potentially pathogenic bacteria. Here, we describe the fecal microbiome of house mice with emphasis on detection of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes by molecular methods. Four hundred sixteen mice were collected from predominantly residential buildings in seven sites across New York City over a period of 13 months. 16S rRNA sequencing identified
Bacteroidetes
as dominant and revealed high levels of
Proteobacteria
. A targeted PCR screen of 11 bacteria, as indicated by 16S rRNA analyses, found that mice are carriers of several gastrointestinal disease-causing agents, including
Shigella
,
Salmonella
,
Clostridium difficile
, and diarrheagenic
Escherichia coli
. Furthermore, genes mediating antimicrobial resistance to fluoroquinolones (
qnrB
) and β-lactam drugs (
bla
SHV
and
bla
ACT/MIR
) were widely distributed. Culture and molecular strain typing of
C. difficile
revealed that mice harbor ribotypes associated with human disease, and screening of kidney samples demonstrated genetic evidence of pathogenic
Leptospira
species. In concert, these findings support the need for further research into the role of house mice as potential reservoirs for human pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in the built environment.

IMPORTANCE
Mice are commensal pests often found in close proximity to humans, especially in urban centers. We surveyed mice from seven sites across New York City and found multiple pathogenic bacteria associated with febrile and gastrointestinal disease as well as an array of antimicrobial resistance genes.