bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A continuum model for yttria-stabilized zirconia incorporating triple phase boundary, lattice structure and immobile oxide ions
Authors: Vágner Petr , Guhlke Clemens , Miloš Vojtěch , Müller Rüdiger , Fuhrmann Jürgen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A continuum model for yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics is developed. Particular attention is given to (i) modeling of the YSZ-metal-gas triple phase boundary, (ii) incorporation of the lattice structure and immobile oxide ions within the free energy model and (iii) surface reactions. A finite volume discretization method based on modified Scharfetter-Gummel fluxes is derived in order to perform numerical simulations. The model is used to study the impact of yttria and immobile oxide ions on the structure of the charged boundary layer and the double layer capacitance. Cyclic voltammograms of an air-half cell are simulated to study the effect of parameter variations on surface reactions, adsorption and anion diffusion.
Performance of vertical drains in liquefaction mitigation under structures
Authors: García-Torres Samy , Madabhushi Gopal Santana Phani 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeveral techniques have been developed in order to mitigate damage to buildings during and after liquefaction events. Benefits of using vertical drains have been verified by analysing their performance in the soil and evaluating their effectiveness in dissipation of excess pore pressures generated by the earthquake. However, the effect of drains in the soil below structures requires further investigation. In this paper, a dynamic centrifuge test series was carried out to evaluate the performance of a vertical drains arrangement below shallow foundations. High permeable rubble brick was used as coarse material inside the drains to provide positive results not only from a geotechnical point of view but also from an environmental and sustainable perspective. The behaviour of drains was analysed when they are located under shallow foundations of a building, in terms of the excess pore pressures generated during the earthquake and subsequent post-seismic dissipation, the foundation settlement and its dynamic response.
Differences in clinical valve size selection and valve size selection for patient-specific computer simulation in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR): a retrospective multicenter analysis
Authors: El Faquir Nahid , Rocatello Giorgia , Rahhab Zouhair , Bosmans Johan , De Backer Ole , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Mortier Peter , de Jaegere Peter P. T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Valve size selection for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is currently based on cardiac CT-scan. At variance with patient-specific computer simulation, this does not allow the assessment of the valve-host interaction. We aimed to compare clinical valve size selection and valve size selection by an independent expert for computer simulation. A multicenter retrospective analysis of valve size selection by the physician and the independent expert in 141 patients who underwent TAVR with the self-expanding CoreValve or Evolut R. Baseline CT-scan was used for clinical valve size selection and for patient-specific computer simulation. Simulation results were not available for clinical use. Overall true concordance between clinical and simulated valve size selection was observed in 47 patients (33%), true discordance in 15 (11%) and ambiguity in 79 (56%). In 62 (44%, cohort A) one valve size was simulated whereas two valve sizes were simulated in 79 (56%, cohort B). In cohort A, concordance was 76% and discordance was 24%; a smaller valve size was selected for simulation in 10 patients and a larger in 5. In cohort B, a different valve size was selected for simulation in all patients in addition to the valve size that was used for TAVR. The different valve size concerned a smaller valve in 45 patients (57%) and a larger in 34 (43%). Selection of the valve size differs between the physician and the independent computer simulation expert who used the same source of information. These findings indicate that valve sizing in TAVR is still more intricate than generally assumed.
Streamflow response to climate change in the Greater Horn of Africa
Authors: Hirpa Feyera A. , Alfieri Lorenzo , Lees Thomas , Peng Jian , Dyer Ellen , Dadson Simon J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Greater Horn of Africa region increasingly experiences high risk of water scarcity. A combination of frequent droughts, rapid population growth and rising urbanisation has reduced streamflow and intensified water abstraction, causing water and food shortages. Estimates of future streamflow changes in the region have so far been highly uncertain and evaluations using ground-based measurements are still limited. Here, future streamflow changes are estimated using a distributed hydrological model forced with an ensemble of high-resolution climate simulations produced using the European community Earth-System Model v3.1. The simulated streamflow is evaluated using observed data from 29 stations from river basins across different climate zones in the region. Evaluation results show large sub-regional variations in the performance of simulated streamflow. The sign and magnitude of future streamflow changes vary between climate simulations and river basins, highlighting the uncertainties in the hydrologic projections. Overall, the streamflow projections indicate large (seasonal, long-term mean and extreme) streamflow decreases for all major rivers in Ethiopia and increases in the equatorial parts of the region at the end of the century. The ensemble mean shows a 10 to 25% decrease in the long-term mean flow in Ethiopia and a 10% increase in the equatorial part of the region in 2080s. Similarly, there is a substantial change in high flows in 2080s, with up to − 50% reduction in the northern and 50% increase in the equatorial parts of the region. These findings are critical because the rivers provide water supply to a rapidly changing socio-economy of the region.
Beyond Superconductivity
Authors: Mannhart Jochen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present a novel device concept that utilizes the fascinating transition regime between quantum mechanics and classical physics. The devices operate by using a small number of individual quantum mechanical collapse events to interrupt the unitary evolution of quantum states represented by wave packets. Exceeding the constraints of the unitary evolution of quantum mechanics given by Schrödinger’s equation and of classical Hamiltonian physics, these devices display a surprising behavior.
Microorganisms’ effect on the wettability of carbonate oil-wet surfaces: implications for MEOR, smart water injection and reservoir souring mitigation strategies
Authors: Jahanbani Veshareh Moein , Ayatollahi Shahab 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn upstream oil industry, microorganisms arise some opportunities and challenges. They can increase oil recovery through microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) mechanisms, or they can increase production costs and risks through reservoir souring process due to H2S gas production. MEOR is mostly known by bioproducts such as biosurfactant or processes such as bioclogging or biodegradation. On the other hand, when it comes to treatment of reservoir souring, the only objective is to inhibit reservoir souring. These perceptions are mainly because decision makers are not aware of the effect microorganisms’ cell can individually have on the wettability. In this work, we study the individual effect of different microorganisms’ cells on the wettability of oil-wet calcite and dolomite surfaces. Moreover, we study the effect of two different biosurfactants (surfactin and rhamnolipid) in two different salinities. We show that hydrophobe microorganisms can change the wettability of calcite and dolomite oil-wet surfaces toward water-wet and neutral-wet states, respectively. In the case of biosurfactant, we illustrate that the ability of a biosurfactant to change the wettability depends on salinity and its hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance (HLB). In distilled water, surfactin (high HLB) can change the wettability to a strongly water-wet state, while rhamnolipid only changes the wettability to a neutral-wet state (low HLB). In the seawater, surfactin is not able to change the wettability, while rhamnolipid changes the wettability to a strongly water-wet state. These results help reservoir managers who deal with fractured carbonate reservoirs to design a more effective MEOR plan and/or reservoir souring treatment strategy.
CO2 gasification of biogenic fuels in a dual fluidized bed reactor system
Authors: Mauerhofer Anna Magdalena , Müller Stefan , Benedikt Florian , Fuchs Josef , Bartik Alexander , Hofbauer Hermann 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA 100 kWth dual fluidized bed steam gasification pilot plant has been developed at TU Wien to convert different types of biogenic fuels into a valuable product gas. In this paper, the conversion of different biogenic fuels in combination with the utilization of CO2 as alternative gasification agent was investigated in the mentioned pilot plant. For this purpose, five experimental campaigns were carried out aiming at the investigation of softwood as reference fuel, and rapeseed cake, bark and lignin as alternative fuels. Pure olivine as well as a mixture (90/10 wt%) of olivine and limestone were used as bed materials. The product gas compositions of the different biogenic fuels changed depending on the elemental composition of the biogenic fuels. Thus, a high amount of carbon in the fuel enhanced CO formation, whereas an increased content of oxygen led to higher CO2 contents. Additionally, the presence of alkali metals in the biomass ash favoured the production of CO. The addition of limestone enhanced the H2 and CO contents via the water gas shift reaction as well as steam and dry reforming reactions, but had no significant effect on tar contents. Overall, this paper presents the feasibility of the dual-fluidized bed gasification process of different biogenic fuels with CO2 as gasification agent.
Gender norms and relations: implications for agency in coastal livelihoods
Authors: Lawless Sarah , Cohen Philippa , McDougall Cynthia , Orirana Grace , Siota Faye , Doyle Kate 
Published: September 2019

AbstractImproving livelihoods and livelihood opportunities is a popular thrust of development investments. Gender and other forms of social differentiation influence individual agency to access, participate in, and benefit from existing, new, or improved livelihood opportunities. Recent research illustrates that many initiatives intended to improve livelihoods still proceed as “gender blind,” failing to account for the norms and relations that will influence how women and men experience opportunities and outcomes. To examine gender in livelihoods, we employed empirical case studies in three coastal communities in Solomon Islands; a small island developing state where livelihoods are predominantly based on fisheries and agriculture. Using the GENNOVATE methodology (a series of focus groups) we investigated how gender norms and relations influence agency (i.e., the availability of choice and capacity to exercise choice). We find that men are able to pursue a broader range of livelihood activities than women who tend to be constrained by individual perceptions of risk and socially prescribed physical mobility restraints. We find the livelihood portfolios of women and men are more diverse than in the past. However, livelihood diversity may limit women’s more immediate freedoms to exercise agency because they are simultaneously experiencing intensified time and labor demands. Our findings challenge the broad proposition that livelihood diversification will lead to improvements for agency and overall wellbeing. In community-level decision-making, men’s capacity to exercise choice was perceived to be greater in relation to livelihoods, as well as strategic life decisions more broadly. By contrast, capacity to exercise choice within households involved spousal negotiation, and consensus was considered more important than male or female dominance in decision-making. The prevailing global insight is that livelihood initiatives are more likely to bring about sustained and equitable outcomes if they are designed based on understandings of the distinct ways women and men participate in and experience livelihoods. Our study provides insights to make these improvements in a Solomon Islands setting. We suggest that better accounting for these gendered differences not only improves livelihood outcomes but also presents opportunity to catalyze the re-negotiation of gender norms and relations; thereby promoting greater individual agency.
Data analytics approach for travel time reliability pattern analysis and prediction
Authors: Chen Zhen , Fan Wei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Travel time reliability (TTR) is an important measure which has been widely used to represent the traffic conditions on freeways. The objective of this study is to develop a systematic approach to analyzing TTR on roadway segments along a corridor. A case study is conducted to illustrate the TTR patterns using vehicle probe data collected on a freeway corridor in Charlotte, North Carolina. A number of influential factors are considered when analyzing TTR, which include, but are not limited to, time of day, day of week, year, and segment location. A time series model is developed and used to predict the TTR. Numerical results clearly indicate the uniqueness of TTR patterns under each case and under different days of week and weather conditions. The research results can provide insightful and objective information on the traffic conditions along freeway segments, and the developed data-driven models can be used to objectively predict the future TTRs, and thus to help transportation planners make informed decisions.
Towards onsite, modular robotic carbon-fibre winding for an integrated ceiling structure
Authors: Reinhardt Dagmar , Titchkosky Ninotschka , Bickerton Chris , Watt Rodney , Wozniak-O’Connor Dylan , Candido Christhina , Cabrera Densil , Page Mitchell , Bohnenberger Sascha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAmong current adoptions of standard industrial robotic arms for automation and mass customisation in the building industry, robotic fabrication is of interest for bespoke manufacturing and advancing mobile and onsite construction processes. The use of robotic arms can be of significance particularly where access and site conditions limit further construction of building elements to be inserted in an existing architectural fabric. This paper introduces research and development of robotic carbon-fibre winding of an integrated ceiling structure to support open and flexible workspaces scenarios. The project Systems Reef 1.0 explores the potential and viability for an integrated infrastructure that expands standard office-ceiling grid systems to support flexible workspace scenario and the agency of networked, dynamic and self-organising teams. To this extent, multiple soffit-hung, rotational and retractable data booms provide fibre-optic data, electrical cabling and integrated lighting. Through geometrically complex, fibre-reinforced building elements that are robotically manufactured onsite, a new distribution system for data and light can be provided to support individual and multi-group collaborations in a contemporary open-plan office for maximum flexibility. In this paper, we discuss research into the development of robotic carbon-fibre threading sequences and physical demonstrators for an integrated ceiling structure that takes into account local ceiling constraints. Using a KUKA KR10 industrial robot and mobile platform, carbon-fibre threading prototypes were integrated with onsite conditions and synthesised in four physical demonstrators that support data provision for flexible desking in open-plan office environment where prefabrication of large-sized building modules is restricted due to access constraints. The paper discusses challenges in integrating robotic carbon-fibre threading, data-driven occupancy, structural performance and results for workspace flexibility, and concludes with an outlook towards future potentials.
Effects of Timing of Flibanserin Administration Relative to Alcohol Intake in Healthy Premenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study
Authors: Simon James A. , Clayton Anita H. , Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Parish Sharon J. , Kim Noel N. , Millheiser Leah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionFlibanserin is approved in the United States and Canada for the treatment of acquired, generalized, hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. Sedation-related side effects are among the most prevalent adverse events. Although infrequent, hypotension and syncope remain safety concerns because of possible interaction of flibanserin with alcohol.AimTo evaluate the impact of the timing of alcohol consumption on flibanserin safety and tolerability.MethodsIn this single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-treatment crossover study, 64 healthy premenopausal women (mean age 32.5 ± 8.7 years; range 20‒52 years) received once-daily flibanserin 100 mg or placebo during each of two 10-day treatment periods. Study medication was administered on days 1–3 to achieve steady state. On days 4, 6, 8, and 10, after a standard breakfast, participants consumed 0.4 g/kg ethanol (approximately equivalent to two 5-oz glasses of wine) administered with orange juice 2, 4, or 6 hours before taking study medication or orange juice alone (no ethanol) 2 hours before taking study medication.OutcomesThe primary endpoint was percentage of participants experiencing syncope or orthostatic hypotension–associated adverse events requiring medical intervention. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of hypotension, the incidence of orthostatic hypotension, and rates of adverse events of special interest (syncope, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, and somnolence).Results1 participant experienced a primary endpoint event (syncope) during treatment with placebo taken 4 hours after ethanol consumption. Within each ethanol dose–timing treatment, there were no statistically significant differences for flibanserin compared with placebo. Rates of hypotension were 53.3–66.7% after flibanserin dosing and 57.4–63.3% after placebo dosing. Rates for orthostatic hypotension were 0.0–5.0% after flibanserin dosing and 1.7–6.6% after placebo dosing.Clinical ImplicationsEthanol interaction with flibanserin was not observed in this study.Strengths & LimitationsThis study provides information regarding the use of flibanserin after the consumption of moderate amounts of ethanol (0.4 g/kg). However, daytime administration of flibanserin is not consistent with the drug’s indicated bedtime dosing.ConclusionFlibanserin, at steady state taken 2, 4, or 6 hours after 0.4 g/kg of ethanol intake did not increase the incidence of hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, or syncope compared with either flibanserin alone or ethanol alone.
Impacts of U.S., Mexican, and Canadian Trade Agreement on Commodity and Labor Markets
Authors: Zhao Xin , Devadoss Stephen , Luckstead Jeff 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) renegotiation has resulted in an updated agreement known as the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA). Given the contentious nature of the renegotiation process, we analyze the impacts of the USMCA relative to a “what if” scenario of failed NAFTA renegotiation to examine the economy-wide impacts of USMCA on bilateral trade, production, consumption, prices, and domestic and cross-border labor markets. Our results show that, had NAFTA renegotiation failed, the ensuing economic conditions would have created incentive for more, not fewer, migrant workers to enter the United States. USMCA benefits Mexican and Canadian consumers marginally but harms U.S. consumers slightly.
Lung cancer screening in Appalachian Kentucky: The impact of Lung-RADS on subsequent testing and cancer identification
Authors: Cardarelli Roberto , Madabhushi Vashisht , Bledsoe Kacie , Weaver Anthony 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated the use of low dose helical computed tomography (LDCT) scans for lung cancer screening. However, the NLST was implemented in urban hospitals and prior to the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS). In this retrospective cohort study, 774 eligible patients received LDCT screening using Lung-RADS criteria. Eighty-four patients (10.9%) had subsequent testing performed compared to 24.2% in the NLST study. Of those with subsequent testing, 21.4% were diagnosed with lung cancer compared to only 4.6% in the NLST study. Lung-RADS significantly reduced unnecessary testing while identifying higher rates of lung cancer compared to the NLST.
Grounding line stability in a regime of low driving and basal stresses
Authors: Sergienko O. V. , Wingham D. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of a marine ice sheet's grounding lines determine the rate of ice discharge from the grounded part of ice sheet into surrounding oceans. In many locations in West Antarctica ice flows into ice shelves through ice streams experiencing low driving stress. However, existing simple theories of marine ice sheets are developed under the assumption of high basal and driving stress. Here we analyze the grounding line behavior of marine ice streams experiencing low basal shear and driving stress. We find that in this regime, the ice flux at the grounding line is a complex function of the geometry of the ice-stream bed, net accumulation rate and gradient of the net accumulation rate. Our analysis shows that the stability of distinct steady states is determined by the same parameters, suggesting a more complex (in)stability criterion than what is commonly referred to within the context of the ‘marine ice-sheet instability hypothesis’. We also determine characteristic timescales (e-folding time) of ice-sheet configurations perturbed from their steady states. These timescales can be used to determine whether particular configurations can be considered in isolation from other components of the climate system or whether their effects and feedbacks between the ice sheet and the rest of the climate system have to be taken into account.
LGBT Rights in Bosnia: The Challenge of Nationalism in the Context of Europeanization
Authors: Swimelar Safia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNationalism has been one of the domestic constraints to progress on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights, especially in the Balkans that are dealing with multiple postwar transition realities. Ethno-nationalist challenges, often influenced by religion, have been significant in Bosnia-Herzegovina given weak state identity and democracy, competing institutionalized ethno-national identities, and slow Europeanization. Through the lenses of gendered nationalism, the societal security dilemma, and political homophobia, this article analyzes how the politics and discourse of LGBT rights during the past decade in Bosnia reveal tensions between competing and multiple identities and narratives—European, multiethnic, ethno-nationalist, and religious—using the violent response to the 2008 Queer Sarajevo Festival as a key illustration. However, in the past decade, LGBT rights have progressed and antigay backlash to LGBT visibility (in addition to stronger external leverage and other factors) has resulted in stronger activism and change. The public discourse and response to the announcement of Bosnia’s first Pride Parade represents another turning point in LGBT visibility that seems to reveal that ethno-nationalist challenges may be lessening as LGBT rights norms gain strength.