bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ozone Therapy in Gynecology [abstract]
Authors: Bande Sunayna 
Published: March 2018

Explanation.
Gynecology is a vast branch including study of many disorders related to female genital tract, menstrual cycle, female hormones, infertility etc. Ozone Therapy is helpful in many of these.

PID - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a very common gynecological disorder caused by bacterial, fungal or other infections of genital tract and the pelvic area surrounding that. Ozone being an excellent antibacterial, antimicrobial and antifungal agent is very useful in treatment of PID. Ozone also gives very good results in cases of chronic PID which are resistant to many antibiotics, in such conditions, ozone gives better relief and also for longer time.

INFERTILITY. When a female is unable to conceive after 1 year of married life without using any contraception, she is considered for investigations and treatment of infertility. Many causes of infertility can be divided into:
- 1. Male factor
- 2. Female Factor
Female factor infertility – Infertility arising out many female factors, Ovarian and Tubal factors respond well to ozone therapy.
Tubal block due to inflammation may be treated with ozone therapy. Ozone given Vaginally can reduce the inflammation at the cornue or in tubes and open the block.
Ovarian factors are complex to treat. Problems like Anovulation, Ovarian cyst, Polycystic Ovaries can be treated with ozone therapy. Encouraging results have been found with Ozone therapy in PCOS with infertility. In my presentations, I am going to present a few cases of above conditions.
Percutaneous direct ozone injection in solid tumours [abstract]
Authors: Saxena Praveen K. 
Published: March 2018

This lecture defines the scope of Direct Ozone Injection into solid tumors, and introduces attendees to the ways in which Direct Ozone can be given under ULTRASOUND guidance (USG).

Percutaneous USG guided Ozone injection is an exciting approach to destroying inoperable primary tumors or metastases in the liver in the treatment of hepatocellular (HCC), fewer than 40% of patients are candidates for surgery, and the rate of recurrence after curative surgery is high. Percutaneous techniques like Ozone Absolute alcohol & RFA are widely used for metastatic and small primary tumors.

It serves as a bridge for transplant candidates, especially in relation to small primary lesions.

Percutaneous Ozone is a minimally invasive, repeatable procedure with few complications. It is performed under Ultrasound guidance. Ozone results in a higher rate of complete necrosis and requires fewer treatment sessions than percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). Long-term survival rates are also better. Our series of 4 patients compared well than the patients treated with Trans catheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE)

Cholangiocarcinoma’s with obstructive biliary system responded well with direct USG Guided Ozone Injections.
Salinification in the South China Sea Since Late 2012: A Reversal of the Freshening Since the 1990s
Authors: Zeng Lili , Chassignet Eric P. , Schmitt Raymond W. , Xu Xiaobiao , Wang Dongxiao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSalinification has occurred in the South China Sea from late 2012 to the present, as shown by satellite Aquarius/Soil Moisture Active Passive data and Argo float data. This salinification follows a 20 year freshening trend that started in 1993. The salinification signal is strongest near the surface and extends downward under the seasonal thermocline to a depth of 150 m. The salinification occurs when the phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation switches from negative to positive. Diagnosis of the salinity budget suggests that an increasing net surface freshwater loss and the horizontal salt advection through the Luzon Strait driven by the South China Sea throughflow contributed to this ongoing salinification. In particular, a decrease in precipitation and enhanced Luzon Strait transport dominated the current intense salinification. Of particular interest is whether this salinification will continue until it reaches the previous maximum recorded in 1992.
Solar Wind Deflection by Mass Loading in the Martian Magnetosheath Based on MAVEN Observations
Authors: Dubinin E. , Fraenz M. , Pätzold M. , Halekas J. S. , Mcfadden J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Jakosky B. M. , Vaisberg O. , Zelenyi L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN observations at Mars show clear signatures of the shocked solar wind interaction with the extended oxygen atmosphere and hot corona displayed in a lateral deflection of the magnetosheath flow in the direction opposite to the direction of the solar wind motional electric field. The value of the velocity deflection reaches ∼50 km/s. The occurrence of such deflection is caused by the “Lorentz‐type” force due to a differential streaming of the solar wind protons and oxygen ions originating from the extended oxygen corona. The value of the total deceleration of the magnetosheath flow due to mass loading is estimated as ∼40 km/s.
Anthropogenic Signatures of Lead in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Rusiecka D. , Gledhill M. , Milne A. , Achterberg E. P. , Annett A. L. , Atkinson S. , Birchill A. , Karstensen J. , Lohan M. , Mariez C. , Middag R. , Rolison J. M. , Tanhua T. , Ussher S. , Connelly D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have resulted in enhanced lead (Pb) emissions to the environment over the past century, mainly through the combustion of leaded gasoline. Here we present the first combined dissolved (DPb), labile (LpPb), and particulate (PPb) Pb data set from the Northeast Atlantic (Celtic Sea) since the phasing out of leaded gasoline in Europe. Concentrations of DPb in surface waters have decreased by fourfold over the last four decades. We demonstrate that anthropogenic Pb is transported from the Mediterranean Sea over long distances (>2,500 km). Benthic DPb fluxes exceeded the atmospheric Pb flux in the region, indicating the importance of sediments as a contemporary Pb source. A strong positive correlation between DPb, PPb, and LpPb indicates a dynamic equilibrium between the phases and the potential for particles to “buffer” the DPb pool. This study provides insights into Pb biogeochemical cycling and demonstrates the potential of Pb in constraining ocean circulation patterns.
Opening of the South China Sea and Upwelling of the Hainan Plume
Authors: Yu Mengming , Yan Yi , Huang Chi‐Yue , Zhang Xinchang , Tian Zhixian , Chen Wen‐Huang , Santosh M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOpening of the South China Sea and upwelling of the Hainan Plume are among the most challenging issues related to the tectonic evolution of East Asia. However, when and how the Hainan Plume affected the opening of the South China Sea remains unclear. Here we investigate the geochemical and isotopic features of the ~25 Ma mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) in the Kenting Mélange, southern Taiwan, ~16 Ma MORB drilled by the IODP Expedition 349, and ~9 Ma ocean island basalt‐type dredged seamount basalt. The ~25 Ma MORBs reveal a less metasomatic depleted MORB mantle‐like source. In contrast, the Miocene samples record progressive mantle enrichment and possibly signal the contribution of the Hainan Plume. We speculate that MORBs of the South China Sea which could have recorded plume‐ridge source mixing perhaps appear since ~23.8 Ma. On the contrary, the Paleocene‐Eocene ocean island basalt‐type intraplate volcanism of the South China continental margin is correlated to decompression melting of a passively upwelling fertile asthenosphere due to continental rifting.
Pitch Angle Dependence of Energetic Electron Precipitation: Energy Deposition, Backscatter, and the Bounce Loss Cone
Authors: Marshall R. A. , Bortnik J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractQuantifying radiation belt precipitation and its consequent atmospheric effects requires an accurate assessment of the pitch angle distribution of precipitating electrons, as well as knowledge of the dependence of the atmospheric deposition on that distribution. Here Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the effects of the incident electron energy and pitch angle on precipitation for bounce period time scales, and the implications for both the loss from the radiation belts and the deposition in the upper atmosphere. Simulations are conducted at discrete energies and pitch angles to assess the dependence on these parameters of the atmospheric energy deposition profiles and to estimate the backscattered particle distributions. We observe that the atmospheric response is both energy and pitch angle dependent. These effects together result in an energy‐dependent bounce loss cone angle, which can vary by 2–3° with particle energy when considered at low‐Earth orbit. This modeling also predicts that a significant fraction of the input electron distribution will be backscattered and should be observable by low‐Earth‐orbiting satellites as field‐aligned beams emerging from the atmosphere at energies lower than the input distribution and having pitch angles distributed just inside the loss cone.
Weak Cooling of Cold Extremes Versus Continued Warming of Hot Extremes in China During the Recent Global Surface Warming Hiatus
Authors: Shen Xiangjin , Liu Binhui , Lu Xianguo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUsing daily maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), and mean temperature data of 437 weather stations in China, we compared variations of the mean with extreme ends of probability distribution of temperatures in China from 1960 to 2015. Our analysis confirmed that annual mean Tmax and Tmin experienced warming hiatus in China after 1998. The warming hiatus is also reflected by the weak cooling of cold extremes across China, but hot extremes continue the significant warming trend nationally and in climate regions of East China, Southwest China, and the Tibetan Plateau. During 1999–2015, the hot day frequency (Tx90, based on base period 1961–1990) and averaged Tmax above the 90th percentile of each year (Txp90) increased significantly by 3.70 d/decade and 0.20°C/decade nationally. But there were significant cooling trends of cold extremes in East China and Southeast China from 1999 to 2015. During the warming hiatus period, the obvious decline in warm season precipitation contributed to the ongoing warming of hot extremes in East China and Southwest China. Both the decrease of warming season solar irradiance and increase of warm season precipitation facilitated the weak cooling trends of hot extremes in Northeast China and North China Plain. Although mean temperature experienced warming hiatus after 1998, the continued warming of hot extremes and reverse from warming to weak cooling of cold extremes imply an increase of temperature variability in China simultaneously.
The Cloud Top Distribution and Diurnal Variation of Clouds Over East Asia: Preliminary Results From Advanced Himawari Imager
Authors: Chen Dandan , Guo Jianping , Wang Hongqing , Li Jian , Min Min , Zhao Wenhui , Yao Dan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClouds, as one of the most uncertain factors in climate system, have been intensively studied as satellites with advanced instruments emerged in recent years. However, few studies examine the vertical distributions of cloud top and their temporal variations over East Asia based on geostationary satellite data. In this study, the vertical structures of cloud top and its diurnal variations in summer of 2016 are analyzed using the Advanced Himawari Imager/Himawari‐8 cloud products. Results show that clouds occur most frequently over the southern Tibetan Plateau and the Bay of Bengal. We find a steep gradient of cloud occurrence frequency extending from southwest to northeast China and low‐value centers over the eastern Pacific and the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The vertical structures of cloud top are highly dependent on latitude, in addition to the nonnegligible roles of both terrain and land‐sea thermal contrast. In terms of the diurnal cycle, clouds tend to occur more often in the afternoon, peaking around 1700 local time over land and ocean. The amplitude of cloud diurnal variation over ocean is much smaller than that over land, and complex terrain tends to be linked to larger amplitude. In vertical, the diurnal cycle of cloud frequency exhibits bimodal pattern over both land and ocean. The high‐level peaks occur at almost the same altitude over land and ocean. In contrast, the low‐level peaks over ocean mainly reside in the boundary layer, much lower than those over land, which could be indicative of the frequent occurrence of marine boundary layer clouds.
Meridional Contrasts in Productivity Changes Driven by the Opening of Drake Passage
Authors: Ladant Jean‐Baptiste , Donnadieu Yannick , Bopp Laurent , Lear Caroline H. , Wilson Paul A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChanges in atmospheric pCO2 are widely suggested to have played a major role in both the long‐term deterioration of Cenozoic climate and many superimposed rapid climate perturbations such as the pivotal Eocene‐Oligocene transition. Changes in marine productivity affecting the biological oceanic carbon pump represent one possible cause of past CO2 variability. Here we explore the relationship between ocean gateway change and marine biogeochemistry. Specifically, we use a fully coupled atmosphere‐ocean‐biogeochemical model (IPSL‐CM5A) to examine global ocean paleoproductivity changes in response to the opening of Drake Passage. In our simulations, we find that Drake Passage opening yields a spatially uniform decrease in primary productivity in the low‐latitude oceans while the high‐latitude response is more spatially heterogeneous. Mechanistically, the low‐latitude productivity decrease is a consequence of a fundamental reorganization of ocean circulation when Drake Passage opens driven by the isolation of the Southern Ocean from low‐latitude water masses. Nutrient depletion in the low latitudes is driven by a marked decrease in the intensity of deep convection in the Southern Ocean, which drives the accumulation of nutrients at depth and their depletion in the intermediate and upper ocean, especially away from sites of subduction. In the high latitudes, the onset of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the model exerts a strong control both on nutrient availability and on regions of deep‐water formation. The qualitative agreement between geographically diverse long‐term paleoproductivity records and the simulated variations suggests that Drake Passage opening may contribute to the long‐term paleoproductivity signal.
Dynamical Core in Atmospheric Model Does Matter in the Simulation of Arctic Climate
Authors: Jun Sang‐Yoon , Choi Suk‐Jin , Kim Baek‐Min 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClimate models using different dynamical cores can simulate significantly different winter Arctic climates even if equipped with virtually the same physics schemes. Current climate simulated by the global climate model using cubed‐sphere grid with spectral element method (SE core) exhibited significantly warmer Arctic surface air temperature compared to that using latitude‐longitude grid with finite volume method core. Compared to the finite volume method core, SE core simulated additional adiabatic warming in the Arctic lower atmosphere, and this was consistent with the eddy‐forced secondary circulation. Downward longwave radiation further enhanced Arctic near‐surface warming with a higher surface air temperature of about 1.9 K. Furthermore, in the atmospheric response to the reduced sea ice conditions with the same physical settings, only the SE core showed a robust cooling response over North America. We emphasize that special attention is needed in selecting the dynamical core of climate models in the simulation of the Arctic climate and associated teleconnection patterns.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering for Rapid Detection and Characterization of Antibiotic‐Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Galvan Daniel D. , Yu Qiuming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs the prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria continues to rise, biosensing technologies are needed to enable rapid diagnosis of bacterial infections. Furthermore, understanding the unique biochemistry of resistance mechanisms can facilitate the development of next generation therapeutics. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers a potential solution to real‐time diagnostic technologies, as well as a route to fundamental, mechanistic studies. In the current review, SERS‐based approaches to the detection and characterization of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria are covered. The commonly used nanomaterials (nanoparticles and nanostructured surfaces) and surface modifications (antibodies, aptamers, reporters, etc.) for SERS bacterial detection and differentiation are discussed first, and followed by a review of SERS‐based detection of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria from environmental/food processing and clinical sources. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration testing with SERS are then summarized. Finally, recent developments of SERS‐based chemical imaging/mapping of bacteria are reviewed.
Graphene Materials in Antimicrobial Nanomedicine: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Karahan Hüseyin Enis , Wiraja Christian , Xu Chenjie , Wei Jun , Wang Yilei , Wang Liang , Liu Fei , Chen Yuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGraphene materials (GMs), such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (rGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are rapidly emerging as a new class of broad‐spectrum antimicrobial agents. This report describes their state‐of‐the‐art and potential future covering both fundamental aspects and biomedical applications. First, the current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms of GMs is illustrated, and the complex picture of underlying structure–property–activity relationships is sketched. Next, the different modes of utilization of antimicrobial GMs are explained, which include their use as colloidal dispersions, surface coatings, and photothermal/photodynamic therapy agents. Due to their practical relevance, the examples where GMs function as synergistic agents or release platforms for metal ions and/or antibiotic drugs are also discussed. Later, the applicability of GMs in the design of wound dressings, infection‐protective coatings, and antibiotic‐like formulations (“nanoantibiotics”) is assessed. Notably, to support our assessments, the existing clinical applications of conventional carbon materials are also evaluated. Finally, the key hurdles of the field are highlighted, and several possible directions for future investigations are proposed. We hope that the roadmap provided here will encourage researchers to tackle remaining challenges toward clinical translation of promising research findings and help realize the potential of GMs in antimicrobial nanomedicine.
A Broadband Compatible Multispectral Metamaterial Absorber for Visible, Near‐Infrared, and Microwave Bands
Authors: Li Meiling , Muneer Badar , Yi Zixuan , Zhu Qi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA design of a compatible multispectral metamaterial absorber with broadband and strong absorption in the microwave, visible‐light, and near‐infrared bands is presented based on conductive carbon black (CCB)‐filled polyethylene (PE) composite films. The CCB‐filled PE composite films are employed to not only attenuate the light energy for realizing visible and near‐infrared absorbers, but also provide a conductive film to construct resistive metamaterial surfaces for realizing a microwave absorber. Considering the two natural properties of the composite films, light attenuation property and electric property, a multilayered structure based on resistive metamaterial surfaces is designed to realize a broadband compatible absorber. These resistive metamaterial surface layers are realized by the prepared composite films. The effect of different resistances of resistive metamaterial surfaces, polarization, and incident angles on the microwave absorbing performance is also analyzed in detail. Finally, a compatible multispectral absorber with a total thickness of 17 mm (0.133λmax) is fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results both show that the presented absorber can achieve an absorption of 96.8% over a frequency range from 2.35 to 18 GHz. On the other hand, a high absorption of about 95% is obtained in visible‐light and near‐infrared bands as well.
Tunable Emission Color and Morphology of Organic Microcrystals by a “Cocrystal” Approach
Authors: Wu Jun‐Jie , Li Zhi‐Zhou , Zhuo Ming‐Peng , Wu Yuchen , Wang Xue‐Dong , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Jiang Lei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOrganic cocrystals formed with two or more different molecules through intermolecular noncovalent interactions, such as π–π interaction and hydrogen/halogen bonds, have received increasing attention due to their promising applications in organic optoelectronics. For organic photonics and electronics, the growth morphology of organic micro/nanocrystals coupled with their shape and emission color is of great importance. In this study, using a “cocrystal” approach, the organic microcrystals can be modulated from the yellow‐emissive polyhedral microcrystals of 1,4‐bis (4‐cyanostyryl) benzene (p‐BCB) to the sky‐blue‐emissive microwires ofp‐BCB:1,4‐diiodo tetrafluorobenzene (p‐BCB:DIFB), which are self‐assembled in solution at room temperature. Additionally, with the formation of the cocrystals, the radiative decay (kr) rate of these organic microcrystals is enhanced from 0.04 to 0.12 ns−1, which is attributed to the absence of excimers in the organic cocrystals. Therefore, this “cocrystal” approach can simultaneously tune the emission color, morphology, and molecular packing mode of these as‐prepared organic microcrystals, which can contribute to the development of organic integrated optoelectronic devices.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective aza‐Friedel‐Crafts Reactions of Pyrazolinone Ketimines with Hydroxyindoles and Electron‐Rich Phenols
Authors: Yang Zhong‐Tao , Yang Wu‐Lin , Chen Long , Sun Hao , Deng Wei‐Ping 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA variety of enantioenriched indole derivatives substituted in the benzene ring were synthesised via an organocatalytic asymmetric aza‐Friedel‐Crafts reaction of pyrazolinone ketimines with hydroxyindoles. This reaction was also applicabled to electron‐rich phenols, yielding the desired products in high yields (up to 99%) and excellent stereo‐selectivities (91–99% ee). Moreover, this method presents its potential in the synthesis of structurally novel indole‐pyrazolinone conjugate derivatives.magnified image