bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermentation of Chortan (heated strained yoghurt) by Lactobacillus helveticus: sonication treatment and biological activities
Authors: Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Gholamhosseinpour Aliakbar 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIn the present study, the effects of continuous and pulsed ultrasound (100 W, 30 kHz, 25–75% amplitudes for 30 min) and fermentation process (37°C for 24 h) by Lactobacillus helveticus PTCC 1332 on biological activities of Chortan were investigated. The obtained results showed that fermentation enhanced protease content (36.27% (neutral), 37.57% (acid), 39.28% (alkaline) protease), peptide concentration (45.27%) and antioxidant activity (33.69% (DPPH), 132.85% (ABTS)) of samples compared to unfermented ones. Additionally, an increase in ultrasound amplitude (except for continuous at 75%) promoted the protease enzymes, peptides and radical scavenging activity of the fermented and unfermented samples. Our results indicated that the ultrasound and fermentation treatments complemented each other. Depending on the experimental conditions, the effect of continuous ultrasound on samples was sometimes lower, sometimes similar and sometimes higher than that of pulsed treatment. Therefore, selection of an appropriate ultrasound mode and amplitude can improve the biological activity of Chortan.
In situ monitoring of the biocatalysed partial hydrolysis of cocoa butter and palm oil fraction
Authors: Stöbener Anne , Fabuel Ortega Mario , Bolten Christoph J. , Ananta Edwin , Nalur Shantha , Liese Andreas 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPartial glycerides are widely used ingredients in confectionery products that can be produced from natural fats. In a biocatalytic partial hydrolysis of cocoa butter and palm oil fractions, a product mixture containing 1.5% monoglycerides and 5.5% diglycerides intended for the use in confectionery products was created. This study is a proof of principle that shows the feasibility of monitoring the biocatalytic partial hydrolysis of these two natural fats in situ with ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. An economic approach was utilised for calibration since partial glyceride calibration standards are costly and poorly available. The released compounds were quantified by means of chemometric modelling, and the model was validated with gas chromatography. Resulting root mean square errors were in the low per cent range. Additionally, the results indicate that distinction of the released free fatty acids is possible with ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy.
Frying oils with lower levels of saturated fatty acids induce less heterocyclic amine formation in meat floss (boiled, shredded and fried pork)
Authors: Pan Teng , Wang Zhenyu , Chen Bing Huei , Hui Teng , Zhang Dequan 
Published: September 2019

SummaryHeterocyclic amines (HAs) as potent mutagens are formed in meat floss which is a boiled, shredded and fried traditional meat product. In this study, effects of frying oils (lard, soybean oil and palm oil) on the formation of HAs in meat floss during frying have been investigated. The results showed that the contents of Norharman, Harman, AαC and MeAαC in meat floss that treated with lard and palm oil were higher than soybean oil which contained less saturated fatty acids (P < 0.05). The contents of total HAs in meat floss that treated with palm oil at 150 °C and 180 °C were significantly higher than that treated with soybean oil and lard (P < 0.05). In conclusion, meat floss treated with soybean oil at 120 °C, 150 °C and 180 °C contained lowest levels of HAs and soybean oil could be used as lard substitution to produce healthy meat floss.
Performance evaluation of a new Stago® automated haemostasis analyser: The STA R Max® 2
Authors: Cupaiolo Roberto , Govaerts Danielle , Blauwaert Marine , Cauchie Philippe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe STA R Max® 2 is a new coagulation analyser developed by Diagnostica Stago, able to perform clotting, chromogenic and immuno‐turbidimetric tests. A pre‐analytical module build into the cap‐piercing needle performs the sample integrity verification (sample tube filling and measurement of haemolysis, icterus, lipaemia). The STA R Max® 2 analyser incorporates an accreditation program tools to assist technical validation of the analyser. We assessed the analytical performance of the STA R Max® 2.Materials and methodsThe following tests were assessed: prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, factor V (FV), antithrombin (AT), D‐dimers (DDI) and von Willebrand factor antigen. The assay precisions were assessed using fresh plasma samples or internal quality controls. An inter‐analyser comparison was performed with a STA‐R Evolution® analyser or, for the FV, with a BCS® XP System. Haemolysis and icterus detection were also verified.ResultsFor the intra‐assay precision, the coefficients of variation (CV%) were all less than 5% and for DDI, the standard deviation (SD) was less than 0.1. For the inter‐assay study, all CV% were less than 5%, with the exception of FV and AT (FV: 6.68% and 5.27%; AT: 7% and 12.14% for normal and pathological values, respectively). SD was less than 0.1 for DDI. The inter‐analyser comparison demonstrated good results. Haemolysis and icterus were detected correctly for all our assessed samples.ConclusionAccording to our methods validation's recommendations, the results demonstrated a good technical and analytical performance of the STA R Max® 2 analysers for the tests assessed.
Evidence‐informed policymaking: Modelling nurses' career pathway from registered nurse to advanced practice nurse
Authors: Jokiniemi Krista , Suutarla Anna , Meretoja Riitta , Kotila Jaana , Axelin Anna , Flinkman Mervi , Heikkinen Katja , Fagerström Lisbeth 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo formulate, validate, and disseminate policy, modelling nurses' career pathway from registered to advanced practice nurse.MethodThe evidence‐informed policy and practice pathway framework was utilized. Multiple methods were used, including scoping review of literature, consultation of key informants, survey study, and expert group round‐table discussions during 5‐year project between 2013 and 2018.ResultsThrough (a) sourcing, (b) using, and (c) implementing the evidence, the expert group worked systematically to formulate a policy on a career pathway from registered to advanced practice nurse. The formulated career pathway includes three competence levels: registered nurse, specialized nurse, and advanced practice nurse, which includes the roles of nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist. In addition, validation and dissemination of the policy, as well as its effective implementation and the process of integrating it into practice, were examined.ConclusionEvidence‐informed policymaking is an effective, interactive way to work collaboratively in achieving consensus and translating knowledge into practice. The formulated policy will contribute to the increased awareness, acknowledgement, and implementation of the registered nurses' traditional and new roles within health care environments. Implementing and integrating the policy in national health care policy, legislation, education, and organizations across the country is a work in progress.
Autologous administration of adipose stromal cells improves skin flap survival through neovascularization: An experimental study
Authors: Foroglou Pericles , Demiri Efterpi , Koliakos George , Karathanasis Vasileios 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOne of the most severe complications in aesthetic and reconstructive surgeries is the partial or total necrosis of a skin flap. In our experimental study, we demonstrated the use of adipose‐derived stem cells in the increase of skin flap survival rates. Stem cells were isolated from the fat of Wistar rats and genetically modified to permanently produce a green fluorescent protein (GFP). Two random‐pattern skin flaps (2 cm × 8 cm) were elevated on the dorsal area of the spine, and after being separated from the surgical wounds with a thin silicone sheet, they were placed back onto their original location. Then, the autologous GFP‐producing cells were injected intradermally into the dorsal area of the rats. At the seventh day, after the implantation of the stem cells, a clinical and immunohistochemical control was performed. The fluorescence microscopy revealed green vascular formations, suggesting that autologous GFP stromal cells were converted into endothelial cells through neovascularization. In the control skin flaps, where no stromal cells were used, no fluorescence was observed. The statistical analysis showed significantly lower necrosis rates in the right‐sided flaps (i.e., the flaps where adipose‐derived stromal cells were injected) compared with the left‐sided ones. Findings from our study demonstrate that adipose‐derived stem cells play an important role in the improvement of skin flap survival. Neovascularization is an effective way of achieving it.
Pathways between early‐life adversity and adolescent self‐harm: the mediating role of inflammation in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Russell Abigail Emma , Heron Jon , Gunnell David , Ford Tamsin , Hemani Gibran , Joinson Carol , Moran Paul , Relton Caroline , Suderman Matthew , Mars Becky 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as physical and emotional abuse are strongly associated with self‐harm, but mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. Inflammation has been linked to both the experience of ACEs and self‐harm or suicide in prior research. This is the first study to examine whether inflammatory markers mediate the association between exposure to ACEs and self‐harm.MethodsParticipants were 4,308 young people from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population‐based birth cohort in the United Kingdom. A structural equation modelling approach was used to fit a mediation model with the number of ACEs experienced between ages 0 and 9 years old (yo), levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein measured at 9.5 yo, and self‐harm reported at 16 yo.ResultsThe mean number of ACEs young people experienced was 1.41 (SE 0.03). Higher ACE scores were associated with an increased risk of self‐harm at 16 yo (direct effect relative risk (RR) per additional ACE 1.11, 95% CI 1.05, 1.18, p < 0.001). We did not find evidence of an indirect effect of ACEs on self‐harm via inflammation (RR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00, 1.01, p = 0.38).ConclusionsYoung people who have been exposed to ACEs are a group at high risk of self‐harm. The association between ACEs and self‐harm does not appear to be mediated by an inflammatory process in childhood, as indexed by peripheral levels of circulating inflammatory markers measured in childhood. Further research is needed to identify alternative psychological and biological mechanisms underlying this relationship.
Item Calibration Methods With Multiple Subscale Multistage Testing
Authors: Wang Chun , Chen Ping , Jiang Shengyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany large‐scale educational surveys have moved from linear form design to multistage testing (MST) design. One advantage of MST is that it can provide more accurate latent trait (θ) estimates using fewer items than required by linear tests. However, MST generates incomplete response data by design; hence, questions remain as to how to calibrate items using the incomplete data from MST design. Further complication arises when there are multiple correlated subscales per test, and when items from different subscales need to be calibrated according to their respective score reporting metric. The current calibration‐per‐subscale method produced biased item parameters, and there is no available method for resolving the challenge. Deriving from the missing data principle, we showed when calibrating all items together the Rubin's ignorability assumption is satisfied such that the traditional single‐group calibration is sufficient. When calibrating items per subscale, we proposed a simple modification to the current calibration‐per‐subscale method that helps reinstate the missing‐at‐random assumption and therefore corrects for the estimation bias that is otherwise existent. Three mainstream calibration methods are discussed in the context of MST, they are the marginal maximum likelihood estimation, the expectation maximization method, and the fixed parameter calibration. An extensive simulation study is conducted and a real data example from NAEP is analyzed to provide convincing empirical evidence.
Comparison of quality aspects and energy consumption of restructured taro and potato chips under three drying methods
Authors: Hnin Kay Khaing , Zhang Min , Li Zhong , Wang Bin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDue to a high variety of health effects, nutritive snacks based on carbohydrate and dietary fibers are receiving growing attention in snack food production. The restructured chips were prepared by mixing of rose powder and other ingredients into restructured taro (TR) and potato (PR). Restructured (TR) and (PR) chips were dried using freeze‐drying (FD), infrared radiation drying (IRD), and hybrid infrared‐assisted freeze‐drying (IRFD) in this study. Investigation of three drying methods in terms of the main quality parameters, namely color, odor, texture, water activity, expansion ratio (ER), and bulk density as well as other quality aspects and energy consumption of two kinds of chips were compared. FD took the highest energy consumption and longest processing time together with the lowest drying rate among them. IRFD chips had the lowest water activity (aw), the total color difference (ΔE), and the highest overall acceptability score of sensory evaluation among them. IRFD had higher crispness and lower energy consumption than FD alone. Moreover, there were no significant differences in crispness between IRFD and commercial chips. IRFD chips contributed better product quality over IRD chips. Results of this work showed that IRFD method has the potential to keep high‐quality aspects for dried restructured chips with saving energy consumption.Practical applicationsInfrared‐assisted freeze‐drying (IRFD) can save 25–29% of drying time and 43–46% of the total energy consumption in comparison of FD with keeping high‐quality aspects and better product quality than IRD. IRFD method is a novel method for making food products with better color, maintains high‐quality, and less drying time. The research found that hybrid IRFD can produce high‐quality aspects as well as save time and energy consumption for large‐scale industrial production of restructured chips and various food products.
Peptidase neurolysin functions to preserve the brain after ischemic stroke in male mice
Authors: Jayaraman Srinidhi , Al Shoyaib Abdullah , Kocot Joanna , Villalba Heidi , Alamri Faisal F. , Rashid Mamoon , Wangler Naomi J. , Chowdhury Ekram A. , German Nadezhda , Arumugam Thiruma V. , Abbruscato Thomas J. , Karamyan Vardan T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious studies documented up‐regulation of peptidase neurolysin (Nln) after brain ischemia, however, the significance of Nln function in the post‐stroke brain remained unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the functional role of Nln in the brain after ischemic stroke. Administration of a specific Nln inhibitor Agaricoglyceride A (AgaA) to mice after stroke in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model, dose‐dependently aggravated injury measured by increased infarct and edema volumes, blood–brain barrier disruption, increased levels of interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, neurological and motor deficit 24 h after stroke. In this setting, AgaA resulted in inhibition of Nln in the ischemic hemisphere leading to increased levels of Nln substrates bradykinin, neurotensin, and substance P. AgaA lacked effects on several physiological parameters and appeared non‐toxic to mice. In a reverse approach, we developed an adeno‐associated viral vector (AAV2/5‐CAG‐Nln) to overexpress Nln in the mouse brain. Applicability of AAV2/5‐CAG‐Nln to transduce catalytically active Nln was confirmed in primary neurons and in vivo. Over‐expression of Nln in the mouse brain was also accompanied by decreased levels of its substrates. Two weeks after in vivo transduction of Nln using the AAV vector, mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and the same outcome measures were evaluated 72 h later. These experiments revealed that abundance of Nln in the brain protects animals from stroke. This study is the first to document functional significance of Nln in pathophysiology of stroke and provide evidence that Nln is an endogenous mechanism functioning to preserve the brain from ischemic injury.
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Effect of alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides) cell culture extract on wound healing repair in a human keratinocyte cell line
Authors: Carvajal Felipe , Duran Catherine , Aquea Felipe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFitzroya cupressoides, commonly known as alerce, is an endemic conifer unique to southern South America. Alerce wood is renowned for its durability and resistance to biological degradation due to the presence of a particular class of secondary metabolite. Alerce extracts have been used in traditional medicine for different skin lesion treatments.AimsTo develop a cell culture system to produce alerce extract and evaluate its cytotoxicity and effects on in vitro wound healing.MethodsCell cultures and aqueous extracts were prepared from alerce needles. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in keratinocytes (HaCaT line) and melanocites (C32 line) using the XTT assay. Wound healing was assayed with the scratch test in HaCaT cells, using mitomycin C to evaluate the role of cell division in the wound closure.ResultsAlerce cell culture extract has a significant effect on wound healing at different concentrations. No positive effects on the viability of normal and cancerous skin cells were observed. These results suggest that alerce extracts stimulate cell division in human skin epidermal cells in the context of wound repair.ConclusionsBioactive compounds extracted from alerce cell cultures show promise as ingredients in dermocosmetic formulations, but further clinical studies are required to support these findings at the tissue level.
Case report of massive hemoptysis in pregnancy requiring veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Stiff Alyssa , Harrison Rachel , Palatnik Anna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHemoptysis in pregnancy is rare and can be life‐threatening. This case describes management of hemoptysis in pregnancy requiring veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO). The patient presented with massive hemoptysis in respiratory failure at 26 weeks gestation. VV‐ECMO was utilized for maternal stability due to severe hypoxia from lung parenchymal damage. An extensive work‐up for hemoptysis returned negative except for an elevated Bordetella pertussis IgG antibody. The patient was delivered via cesarean section with a complicated post‐partum course. She and the infant were discharged in stable condition after long hospital stays. Prior publications describing VV‐ECMO use in pregnancy are limited to treatment of respiratory infections such as influenza or pneumonia. This case is the first in the literature to describe VV‐ECMO utilization for hemoptysis in pregnancy, specifically, and demonstrates its significant benefit in cases of respiratory failure due to hemoptysis.
Development of a new mortality scoring system for acute kidney injury with continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Kim Yaerim , Park Nanhee , Kim Jayoun , Kim Dong Ki , Chin Ho Jun , Na Ki Young , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Yon Su , Kim Sejoong , Han Seung Seok 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTAimOn the basis of the worst outcomes of patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in intensive care unit, previously developed mortality prediction model, Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) needs to be modified.MethodsA total of 828 patients who underwent CRRT were recruited. Mortality prediction model was developed for the prediction of death within 7 days after starting the CRRT. Based on regression analysis, modified scores were assigned to each variable which were originally used in the APACHE II and SOFA scoring models. Additionally, a new abbreviated Mortality Scoring system for AKI with CRRT (MOSAIC) was developed after stepwise selection analysis.ResultsWe used all the variables included in the APACHE II and SOFA scoring models. The prediction powers indicated by C‐statistics were 0.686 and 0.683 for 7‐day mortality by the APACHE II and SOFA systems, respectively. After modification of these models, the prediction powers increased up to 0.752 for the APACHE II and 0.724 for the SOFA systems. Using multivariate analysis, seven significant variables were selected in the MOSAIC model wherein its C‐statistic value was 0.772. These models also showed good performance with 0.720, 0.734 and 0.773 of C‐statistics in the modified APACHE II, modified SOFA and MOSAIC scoring models in the external validation cohort (n = 497).ConclusionThe modified APACHE II/SOFA and newly developed MOSAIC models could be more useful tool for predicting mortality for patients receiving CRRT.
Phospho‐mutant activity assays provide evidence for alternative phospho‐regulation pathways of the transcription factor FER‐LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR
Authors: Gratz Regina , Brumbarova Tzvetina , Ivanov Rumen , Trofimov Ksenia , Tünnermann Laura , Ochoa‐Fernandez Rocio , Blomeier Tim , Meiser Johannes , Weidtkamp‐Peters Stefanie , Zurbriggen Matias D. , Bauer Petra 
Published: September 2019

Summary

The key basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor in iron (Fe) uptake, FER‐LIKE IRON DEFICIENCY‐INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (FIT), is controlled by multiple signaling pathways, important to adjust Fe acquisition to growth and environmental constraints. FIT protein exists in active and inactive protein pools, and phosphorylation of serine Ser272 in the C‐terminus, a regulatory domain of FIT, provides a trigger for FIT activation.

Here, we use phospho‐mutant activity assays and study phospho‐mimicking and phospho‐dead mutations of three additional predicted phosphorylation sites, namely at Ser221 and at tyrosines Tyr238 and Tyr278, besides Ser 272.

Phospho‐mutations at these sites affect FIT activities in yeast, plant, and mammalian cells. The diverse array of cellular phenotypes is seen at the level of cellular localization, nuclear mobility, homodimerization, and dimerization with the FIT‐activating partner bHLH039, promoter transactivation, and protein stability. Phospho‐mimicking Tyr mutations of FIT disturb fit mutant plant complementation.

Taken together, we provide evidence that FIT is activated through Ser and deactivated through Tyr site phosphorylation. We therefore propose that FIT activity is regulated by alternative phosphorylation pathways.