bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circannual growth in Wisconsin children and adolescents: Identifying optimal periods of obesity prevention
Authors: VanWormer Jeffrey J. , Kieke Burney A. , Hanrahan Lawrence P. , Pomeroy Jeremy J. , Mundy Alex , Schoeller Dale A. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundRecent studies suggest kids tend to gain the most weight in summer, but schools are chastised for supporting obesogenic environments. Conclusions on circannual weight gain are hampered by infrequent body mass index (BMI) measurements, and guidance is limited on the optimal timeframe for paediatric weight interventions.ObjectivesThis study characterized circannual trends in BMI in Wisconsin children and adolescents and identified sociodemographic differences in excess weight gain.MethodsAn observational study was used to pool data from 2010 to 2015 to examine circannual BMI z‐score trends for Marshfield Clinic patients age 3 to 17 years. Daily 0.20, 0.50, and 0.80 quantiles of BMI z‐score were estimated, stratified by gender, race, and age.ResultsBMI z‐scores increased July to September, followed by a decrease in October to December, and another increase to decrease cycle beginning in February. For adolescents, the summer increase in BMI was greater among those in the upper BMI z‐score quantile relative to those in the lower quantile (+0.15 units vs +0.04 units). This pattern was opposite in children.ConclusionsBMI increased most rapidly in late summer. This growth persisted through autumn in adolescents who were larger, suggesting weight management support may be beneficial for kids who are overweight at the start of the school year.
Electronegative low‐density lipoprotein of patients with metabolic syndrome induces pathogenesis of aorta through disruption of the stimulated by retinoic acid 6 cascade
Authors: Chen Chao‐Hung , Ke Liang‐Yin , Chan Hua‐Chen , Chu Chih‐Sheng , Lee An‐Sheng , Lin Kun‐Der , Lee Mei‐Yueh , Hsiao Pi‐Jung , Chen Chu‐Huang , Shin Shyi‐Jang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionElectronegative low‐density lipoprotein (L5) is the most atherogenic fraction of low‐density lipoprotein and is elevated in people with metabolic syndrome (MetS), whereas the retinol‐binding protein 4 receptor (stimulated by retinoic acid 6 [STRA6]) cascade is disrupted in various organs of patients with obesity‐related diseases. Our objective was to investigate whether L5 from MetS patients capably induces pathogenesis of aorta through disrupting the STRA6 cascade.Material and MethodsWe examined the in vivo and in vitro effects of L5 on the STRA6 cascade and aortic atherogenic markers. To investigate the role of this cascade on atherosclerotic formation, crbp1 transfection was carried out in vitro.ResultsThis study shows that L5 activates atherogenic markers (p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases, pSmad2 and matrix metallopeptidase 9) and simultaneously suppresses STRA6 signals (STRA6, cellular retinol‐binding protein 1, lecithin‐retinol acyltransferase, retinoic acid receptor‐α and retinoid X receptor‐α) in aortas of L5‐injected mice and L5‐treated human aortic endothelial cell lines and human aortic smooth muscle cell lines. These L5‐induced changes of the STRA6 cascade and atherogenic markers were reversed in aortas of LOX1−/− mice and in LOX1 ribonucleic acid‐silenced human aortic endothelial cell lines and human aortic smooth muscle cell lines. Furthermore, crbp1 gene transfection reversed the disruption of the STRA6 cascade, the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases and Smad2, and the elevation of matrix metallopeptidase 9 in L5‐treated human aortic endothelial cell lines.ConclusionsThis study shows that L5 from MetS patients induces atherogenic markers by disrupting STRA6 signaling. Suppression of STRA6 might be one novel pathogenesis of aorta in patients with MetS.
Optical properties of currently used zirconia‐based esthetic restorations fabricated with different techniques
Authors: Turgut Sedanur 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to evaluate the effects of different types of monolithic zirconia (MZ) and fabrication techniques on the optical properties of newly generated zirconia‐based materials after aging.Material and MethodsSixty specimens (n = 10) were prepared. For the groups layering‐veneering (LV), overpressing (OP), porcelain fused to zirconia (PFZ), and cutback (CB), 3Y‐TZP, IPS e.max ZirCAD was prepared as the core material (0.5 ± 0.01 mm). For full‐contour (FC) technique, 3Y‐TZP was used for MZ‐LT (low translucency) and 4Y‐TZP was used for MZ‐MT (medium translucency). L*, a*, b*, chroma (C), and relative translucency (RTP) were measured before (L1*, a1*, b1*, C1, RTP1) and after (L2*, a2*, b2*, C2, RTP2) UV aging. Statistical analyses were performed by one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's test and paired sample t tests (P = .05).ResultsFabrication techniques significantly affected the L*, a*, b*, C, RTP, and ΔE00 values (P ˂ .01). The highest L1* value was found in MZ‐LT; followed, in order, by OP, PFZ, LV, CB, and MZ‐MT. The highest b1* and C1 values were found in OP, while MZ‐MT had the lowest values (P ˂ .05). FC had the highest RTP values for MZ‐MT (13 ± 0.9 RTP1; 11.2 ± 0.9 RTP2), and the lowest RTP values were found for MZ‐LT (8.5 ± 0.9 RTP1; 8.3 ± 1.2 RTP2) (P ˂ .01). Aging caused significant differences in the L*, a*, b*, C, and RTP values (P < .05). The color changes were between 0.9 and 2.1 ΔE00.ConclusionsThe fabrication technique significantly affected the optical properties. UV aging caused zirconia‐based restorations to become darker and more yellow, red, saturated, and opaque.Clinical ImplicationsFabrication techniques with different zirconia structures affected the optical properties of the restoration, even when the same shades were chosen. If more translucent restorations are needed, choosing 4‐YTZP with the FC technique is better than veneering with 3‐YTZP. Choosing 3‐YTZP with the FC technique produces more esthetic results if brighter and more opaque restorations are needed.
Parasites and Paragons: Ownership Reform and Concentrated Interest among Minority Shareholders
Authors: Jia Nan , Shi Jing , Wang Changyun , Wang Yongxiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDo investors with concentrated shareholding infringe on the value of more‐fragmented shareholders (‘parasites’) or facilitate the growth of firm value for all shareholders (‘paragons’)? In a major ownership reform of Chinese listed firms, we obtain evidence which suggests that larger minority shareholders undertook certain actions both for a rent‐seeking purpose – that these actions allowed them to reap private benefits at the expense of smaller minority shareholders, and for a value‐creating purpose – to potentially increase firm value after the reform. It is plausible that both drivers co‐existed, but they generated different implications of wealth redistribution. When institutional constraints on rent‐seeking were ineffective, higher concentration of minority shares decreased the immediate gains captured by the small investors who held minority shares at the time of the reform, but increased the future value of the firm to be divided among for all investors, large and small, who held firm shares after the reform.
Do the carers care? A phenomenological study of providing care for patients suffering from alcohol use disorders
Authors: Bové Hanne M. , Lisby Marianne , Norlyk Annelise 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExcessive alcohol consumption can have adverse effects on health, and patients who suffer from alcohol use disorders are subject to much stigmatization. Nurses are often the first point of contact when patients enter the acute medical unit, and it is pivotal that this contact establishes the basis for future collaboration. The aim of this study is to elucidate nurses’ lived experience of providing care to patients suffering from alcohol use disorders. This present study has a qualitative research design, anchored in phenomenological and hermeneutical methodology as described in reflective lifeworld research. Ten in‐depth, open‐ended interviews with nurses working in an acute medical unit were conducted. The analysis showed that providing care to patients suffering from alcohol use disorders was a highly complex task to accomplish. This required the nurse to engage with the patient in a sensitive cooperation in order to be dealing with the intricacy of the patient's life situation and balancing care between standardized procedures and the complexity of the patients. Further, a two‐sided feeling of responsibility emerged: a professional responsibility and a personal responsibility causing the provision of care as being caught between feelings of despondency and resignation. Nurses lack opportunities for being creative in determining how to provide care; instead, patients' perspectives of well‐being should be taken into account and should guide the provision of a meaningful care. Nurses must call for opportunities to deviate from the firmly established procedures restraining the care of this population.
Codeine delays gastric emptying through inhibition of gastric motility as assessed with a novel diagnostic intragastric balloon catheter
Authors: Goelen Nick , de Hoon Jan , Morales John F. , Varon Carolina , Van Huffel Sabine , Augustijns Patrick , Mols Raf , Herbots Marissa , Verbeke Kristin , Vanuytsel Tim , Tack Jan , Janssen Pieter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of opioids as analgesic is on the rise, despite their inhibitory effect on gastric emptying. A novel feeding catheter with integrated intragastric balloon was developed to continuously assess gastric motility, enabling to investigate the effect of opioids on motility and emptying simultaneously. We aimed to discriminate normal and pharmacologically impaired gastric motility and its impact on gastric emptying in healthy adults.MethodsThe VIPUN Gastric Monitoring System comprises a nasogastric balloon catheter and a monitoring unit. In a four‐way randomized, single‐blinded, cross‐over study, subjects received either placebo or 58.8 mg codeine phosphate in combination with either an uninflated or an inflated (180 mL) balloon catheter. Motility‐induced pressure changes were recorded for 6 hours. During the first 2 hours, nutrients were infused (225 kcal, 75 mL/h). Gastric emptying was assessed with a 13C‐octanoate breath test and expressed as gastric half‐emptying time (GET½). An algorithm, designed to detect phasic contractility, converted pressure changes to a gastric balloon motility index (GBMI). Results are presented as mean(SD).Key ResultsEighteen subjects completed the investigation (32(13) years, 22(2) kg/m2). After codeine, GBMI was lower (0.31(0.16)) and GET½ was longer (233(57) minutes) compared with placebo (GBMI: 0.48(0.15), P < .01 and GET½: 172(12) minutes, P < .001). Within‐subject ΔGET½ correlated significantly with ΔGBMI (r = −0.77 and P < .001).Conclusions and InferencesThe VIPUN Gastric Monitoring System allowed to assess gastric motility safely and continuously. The correlation between pharmacologically decreased gastric emptying and motility indicates a strong link between both. Gastric motility, measured with this innovative device, can be an indicator for gastrointestinal intolerance.
Phytochrome evolution in 3D: deletion, duplication, and diversification
Authors: Rockwell Nathan C. , Lagarias J. Clark 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCanonical plant phytochromes are master regulators of photomorphogenesis and the shade avoidance response. They are also part of a widespread superfamily of photoreceptors with diverse spectral and biochemical properties. Plant phytochromes belong to a clade including other phytochromes from glaucophyte, prasinophyte, and streptophyte algae (all members of the Archaeplastida) and those from cryptophyte algae. This is consistent with recent analyses supporting the existence of an AC (Archaeplastida + Cryptista) clade. AC phytochromes have been proposed to arise from ancestral cyanobacterial genes via endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT), but most recent studies instead support multiple horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events to generate extant eukaryotic phytochromes. In principle, this scenario would be compared to the emerging understanding of early events in eukaryotic evolution to generate a coherent picture. Unfortunately, there is currently a major discrepancy between the evolution of phytochromes and the evolution of eukaryotes; phytochrome evolution is thus not a solved problem. We therefore examine phytochrome evolution in a broader context. Within this context, we can identify three important themes in phytochrome evolution: deletion, duplication, and diversification. These themes drive phytochrome evolution as organisms evolve in response to environmental challenges.
A lysin motif effector subverts chitin‐triggered immunity to facilitate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Zeng Tian , Rodriguez‐Moreno Luis , Mansurkhodzaev Artem , Wang Peng , van den Berg Willy , Gasciolli Virginie , Cottaz Sylvain , Fort Sébastien , Thomma Bart P. H. J. , Bono Jean‐Jacques , Bisseling Ton , Limpens Erik 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi greatly improve mineral uptake by host plants in nutrient‐depleted soil and can intracellularly colonize root cortex cells in the vast majority of higher plants. However, AM fungi possess common fungal cell wall components such as chitin that can be recognized by plant chitin receptors to trigger immune responses, raising the question as to how AM fungi effectively evade chitin‐triggered immune responses during symbiosis.

In this study, we characterize a secreted lysin motif (LysM) effector identified from the model AM fungal species Rhizophagus irregularis, called RiSLM.

RiSLM is one of the highest expressed effector proteins in intraradical mycelium during the symbiosis. In vitro binding assays show that RiSLM binds chitin‐oligosaccharides and can protect fungal cell walls from chitinases. Moreover, RiSLM efficiently interferes with chitin‐triggered immune responses, such as defence gene induction and reactive oxygen species production in Medicago truncatula. Although RiSLM also binds to symbiotic (lipo)chitooligosaccharides it does not interfere significantly with symbiotic signalling in Medicago. Host‐induced gene silencing of RiSLM greatly reduces fungal colonization levels.

Taken together, our results reveal a key role for AM fungal LysM effectors to subvert chitin‐triggered immunity in symbiosis, pointing to a common role for LysM effectors in both symbiotic and pathogenic fungi.
Cells from a GDF5 origin produce zonal tendon‐to‐bone attachments following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Hagiwara Yusuke , Dyrna Felix , Kuntz Andrew F. , Adams Douglas J. , Dyment Nathaniel A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFollowing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery, a staged repair response occurs where cells from outside the tendon graft participate in tunnel integration. The mechanisms that regulate this process, including the specific cellular origin, are poorly understood. Embryonic cells expressing growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) give rise to several mesenchymal tissues in the joint and epiphyses. We hypothesized that cells from a GDF5 origin, even in the adult tissue, would give rise to cells that contribute to the stages of repair. ACLs were reconstructed in Gdf5‐Cre;R26R‐tdTomato lineage tracing mice to monitor the contribution of Gdf5‐Cre;tdTom+ cells to the tunnel integration process. Anterior−posterior drawer tests demonstrated 58% restoration in anterior−posterior stability. Gdf5‐Cre;tdTom+ cells within the epiphyseal bone marrow adjacent to tunnels expanded in response to the injury by 135‐fold compared with intact controls to initiate tendon‐to‐bone attachments. They continued to mature the attachments yielding zonal insertion sites at 4 weeks with collagen fibers spanning across unmineralized and mineralized fibrocartilage and anchored to the adjacent bone. The zonal attachments possessed tidemarks with concentrated alkaline phosphatase activity similar to native entheses. This study established that mesenchymal cells from a GDF5 origin can contribute to zonal tendon‐to‐bone attachments within bone tunnels following ACL reconstruction.
Community health learning experiences that influence RN to BSN students interests in community/public health nursing
Authors: Steffy Megan L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAs a result of national initiatives reforming the United States’ healthcare delivery system, nurse education must emphasize population health and wellness outside of acute care facilities. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) programs implement innovative strategies and partnerships to provide students with community health clinical experiences to learn the professional practice role of the Community/Public Health (C/PH) nurse. This qualitative research explored the community health learning experiences that influenced postlicense nursing students’ interests in a professional role change—from an acute care hospital setting to a community health setting.MethodsData collection, analysis, and dissemination methods found in basic qualitative research designs were used in this study. A purposive sample of Registered Nurse (RN) to BSN students (N = 15) completed semi‐structured interviews.FindingsRN to BSN students sought a professional role change from a hospital to a community‐based setting after favorable community health learning experiences that included (a) a supportive C/PH nurse preceptor, (b) identification of desirable nurse role characteristics, (c) special learning activities, (d) and faculty engagement with students.ImplicationsFindings provide nurse educators and other consumers of nursing practice with information regarding specific learning contributors that engage and provide transformative learning for RN to BSN students.
Dengue in Santander State, Colombia: fluctuations in the prevalence of virus serotypes are linked to dengue incidence and genetic diversity of the circulating viruses
Authors: Carreño María Fernanda , Jiménez-Silva Cinthy Lorena , Rey‐Caro Luz Aida , Conde‐Ocazionez Sergio Andrés , Flechas-Alarcón María Camila , Velandia Sindi Alejandra , Ocazionez Raquel Elvira 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the link between fluctuations in the prevalence of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and the number of dengue cases in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Santander State, Colombia, in the 2007–2010 and 2014–2017 periods.MethodViruses were isolated from febrile patient samples by direct application to C6/36‐HT cells and typed using monoclonal antibodies. We performed autocorrelation and cross‐correlation analyses to determine whether fluctuations in the prevalence of DENV serotypes and dengue cases were correlated. Full envelope (E) gene sequences were employed to examine the genetic diversity of serotypes circulating by using a phylogenetic approach.ResultsAll four dengue virus serotypes were detected. DENV‐1 was the dominant serotype in both periods followed by DENV‐3 or DENV‐2 depending on the period; DENV‐4 was the least prevalent virus in both periods. Cross‐correlation analyses suggest a temporal relation between the fluctuations in the prevalence of DENV serotypes, which were almost simultaneous (lag = 0) or related to recent past fluctuations (lag > 1.0) in the number of dengue cases. Data suggest that a sustained predominance of DENV‐1, an increase of the DENV‐4 prevalence, and a switch from DENV‐3 to DENV‐2 could be linked to an outbreak. Circulating viruses were grouped into Genotype V, Asia/American III and II for DENV‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and ‐4, respectively; intragenotypic diversity was detected.ConclusionsThe present work highlights the need of comprehensive studies on dynamics of DENV in Colombia to understand transmission of dengue and evaluate the effectiveness of a vaccination programme.
SPATIAL TRANSACTIONS AND VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE OF A NUPE COMMUNITY IN CENTRAL NIGERIA
Authors: Muhammad Isa Bala , Said Ismail 
Published: October 2019

Vernacular architecture has been a subject of interest by scholars in different fields, views and perspectives. Some of such studies are on material, climate, morphology cultural behaviour and spatial needs of the people. The inclination of this research is on cultural behaviour and the use of space. This is because people’s cultural behaviour forms the foundation of vernacular architecture. However, most scholarly interests are focused on major ethnic groups with little interest on the minority ethnic group such as the Nupe ethnic group in Nigeria. Culture differs and so do the behaviour and the spatial needs of people. For a sustainable development to be attained, architecture needs to be tailored towards the cultural needs of the people. This study, therefore, embarked upon an ethnographic study to determine the basic domestic architectural spatial needs of the Nupe people, which entailed and eight months stay with the local people. The process of data elicitation included behavioural mapping and the conduct of interviews. A conclusion is drawn showing three spaces to be the most valued in the daily transactions of the Nupe community. They are zhempa, (courtyard) katamba (entrance hall) and kata (bedroom). The finding also showed that the values of spaces are not solely tied to tangible spatial utilization but also to intangible non spatial cultural values.
Influence of methazolamide on the human control of breathing: A comparison to acetazolamide
Authors: Teppema Luc J. , Boulet Lindsey M. , Hackett Heather K. , Dominelli Paolo B. , Cheyne William S. , Dominelli Giulio S. , Swenson Erik R. , Foster Glen E. 
Published: October 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Acetazolamide and methazolamide both reduce hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction equally, but methazolamide does not impair skeletal muscle function. The effect of methazolamide on respiratory control in humans is not yet known.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Similar to acetazolamide after chronic oral administration, methazolamide causes a metabolic acidosis and shifts the ventilatory CO2 response curve leftwards without reducing O2 sensitivity. The change in ventilation over the change in log provides a more accurate measure of hypoxic sensitivity than the change in ventilation over the change in arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation.

AbstractAcetazolamide is used to prevent/treat acute mountain sickness and both central and obstructive sleep apnoea. Methazolamide, like acetazolamide, reduces hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, but has fewer side‐effects, including less impairment of skeletal muscle function. Given that the effects of methazolamide on respiratory control in humans are unknown, we compared the effects of oral methazolamide and acetazolamide on ventilatory control and determined the ventilation–log relationship in humans. In a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized cross‐over design, we studied the effects of acetazolamide (250 mg three times daily), methazolamide (100 mg twice daily) and placebo in 14 young male subjects who were exposed to 7 min of normoxic hypercapnia and to three levels of eucapnia and hypercapnic hypoxia. With placebo, methazolamide and acetazolamide, the CO2 sensitivities were 2.39 ± 1.29, 3.27 ± 1.82 and 2.62 ± 1.79 l min−1 mmHg−1 (n.s.) and estimated apnoeic thresholds 32 ± 3, 28 ± 3 and 26 ± 3 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001, placebo versus methazolamide and acetazolamide). The relationship between ventilation () and log (using arterialized venous in hypoxia) was linear, and neither agent influenced the relationship between hypoxic sensitivity () and arterial [H+]. Using rather than Δ/Δ arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation enables a more accurate estimation of oxygenation and ventilatory control in metabolic acidosis/alkalosis when right‐ or leftward shifts of the oxyhaemoglobin saturation curve occur. Given that acetazolamide and methazolamide have similar effects on ventilatory control, methazolamide might be preferred for indications requiring the use of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, avoiding some of the negative side‐effects of acetazolamide.