bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do They Believe in Magic? The Word as Myth, Name, and Art
Authors: Hirschkop Ken 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 is devoted to writers hostile to the mythical element of language, who believe that myth must be defeated and who have a strategy for defeating it. The strategies are varied: Ogden and Richards turn to science, Frege to logic, Orwell to a particular kind of prose, Bakhtin to the novel, and Saussure to language itself. Antipathy to myth and word magic is sometimes framed in explicit political terms (in Ogden and Richards, Orwell, and Bakhtin) and sometimes not. The claim in this chapter is that myth figures as a tendency of ‘language as such’ that must be vigilantly monitored and countered with alternative forms of discourse; lurking within the fear of myth is nervousness about the demagoguery within popular democratic politics.
Excursus
Authors: Hirschkop Ken 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The excursus examines the writers Georges Sorel and Antonio Gramsci: political thinkers who make linguistic ideas, ideas of myth in particular, central to their political strategies. Sorel will look to myth as an alternative form of organizing and motivating the political masses; Gramsci will look to Sorel as a source for ideas about popular mobilization, which he, however, will embody not in an instantaneous call to arms, but in the institutional struggle for hegemony. Gramsci pays particular attention to the institutions of the press and journalism: he transforms the mythic, heroic element of Sorel into an element of prose style.
Empirical Studies
Authors: Juslin Patrik N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers a second paradox in the study of music and emotion: Some scholars regard ‘expression’ as something vague and flexible — almost idiosyncratic. In contrast, other authors seem to view expression as something far more precise, something for which terms like agreement and accuracy seem appropriate. To resolve this paradox, one must look closer at what different scholars could possibly mean when they say that music is expressive of a specific emotion — or, more importantly, how they measure it. Even if we limit ourselves to the listener's side of the equation, and focus purely on perceived (as opposed to felt) emotion, there are still many different ways of approaching this phenomenon empirically.
Viewing Music Through a Brunswikian Lens
Authors: Juslin Patrik N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers a third paradox regarding musical emotions. Emotions can generally be communicated accurately from a musician to a listener based on musical features, despite the fact that different circumstances offer very different features to the performer's and listener's disposal. It pays particular attention to Egon Brunswik's theory of visual perception, i.e. his so-called ‘lens model’, which sought to depict the relationship between an ‘organism’ and its ‘environment’, and, in particular, how visual impressions are ‘mediated’ by a number of imperfect ‘cues’ in the environment that the organism is utilizing to make ‘inferences’ about perceptual objects.
The Voice of Angels?
Authors: Juslin Patrik N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The previous chapters outline a number of musical features that may be used to express emotions, such as happiness and tenderness, and show that these features have certain characteristics that constrain their use. This chapter explains why and how the features come to denote emotions in the first place. Such an account can help resolve the second paradox of music and emotion. Some authors regard musical expression as something ‘subjective’ and ‘ambiguous’, whereas others as something that involves a great degree of inter-individual agreement. Exploring how musical expression actually ‘works’ shows that there is some truth to each of these perspectives.
Jumping at Shadows
Authors: Juslin Patrik N. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter introduces a psychological mechanism that involves a close link between perception and motor behaviour. It focuses on a mechanism called the brain stem reflex, which refers to a process whereby an emotion is aroused in a listener because an acoustic feature — such as sound intensity or roughness of timbre — exceeds a certain cut-off value for which the auditory system has been designed by natural selection to quickly alert the brain. It is a kind of ‘override’ system, which is activated when an event seems to require first-priority attention. Brain stem reflexes are said to be ‘hard-wired’: they are quick, automatic, and unlearned.
Mary, Countess of Derby, and the Politics of Victorian Britain
Authors: Davey Jennifer 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Lady Mary Derby (1824–1900) occupied a pivotal position in Victorian politics, yet her activities have largely been overlooked or ignored. A Female Politician places Mary back into the political position she occupied and offers the first dedicated account of her career. Based on extensive archival research, including hitherto neglected or lost sources, this study reconstructs the political worlds Mary inhabited. Her political landscape was dominated by the machinations and intrigues of high politics and diplomacy. As this book uncovers, her political skill and acumen were highly valued by leading politicians of the day, including Benjamin Disraeli and William Gladstone, and she played a significant role in many of the key events of the mid-Victorian era. This included the passing of the Second Reform Act, the formation of Disraeli’s 1874 government, the Eastern Crisis of 1875–1878, and Gladstone’s 1880–1885 government. By exploring how one woman was able to exercise influence at the heart of Victorian politics, this book considers what Mary’s career tells us about the nature of political life in the mid nineteenth century. It sheds new light on the connections between informal and formal political culture, incorporating the politics of the home, letter-writing, and social relations into a consideration of the politics of Parliament and government. A Female Politician is a rich investigation of how a woman, with few legal or constitutional rights, was able to become a significant figure in mid-Victorian political life.
The Fundamental Problem of Environmental Aesthetics
Authors: Stecker Robert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The central issue in environmental aesthetics is whether there are norms that constrain aesthetic judgments about nature. This chapter will first explain why the search for constraints on aesthetic judgments about natural objects plays such a central role in environmental aesthetics. It will then try to figure out what kinds of norms might be invoked, and what principles or assumptions explain the choice of norms. The chapter considers two aspects of aesthetic judgment about which one might attempt to lay down some norms. One concerns the objects of aesthetic judgment. The other covers the background knowledge one needs to make appropriate or correct judgments. The chapter concludes by considering what role, if any, imagination and emotion play in such judgments.
Global Justice, Natural Resources, and Climate Change
Authors: Blomfield Megan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
It is commonly recognized that in pursuit of climate justice we must navigate many conflicting claims over natural resources. This has long been obvious in the case of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas sinks including the atmosphere and forests; but it is ever more apparent that responses to climate change also threaten to spur new competition over land and extractive resources. This makes climate change an instance of a broader, more enduring and—for many—all too familiar problem: the problem of human conflict over how the natural world should be cared for, protected, shared, used, and managed. This work develops a new theory of global egalitarianism for natural resources, rejecting both permanent sovereignty and equal division, which is then used to examine the problem of climate change. It formulates principles of resource right designed to protect the ability of all human beings to satisfy their basic needs as members of self-determining political communities, where it is understood that the genuine exercise of collective self-determination is not possible from a position of significant disadvantage in global wealth and power relations. These principles are used to address the question of where to set the ceiling on future greenhouse gas emissions and how to share the resulting emissions budget, in the face of conflicting claims to fossil fuels, climate sinks, and land. It is also used to defend an unorthodox understanding of responsibility for climate change as a problem of global justice, based on its provenance in historical injustice concerning natural resources.
Access to the Refugee Convention for Stateless Persons
Authors: Foster Michelle , Lambert Hélène 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 4 discusses preliminary issues relating to access to refugee status for stateless persons. It begins by considering the fundamental question of whether stateless persons should be protected per se under the 1951 Refugee Convention or whether they must meet the same criteria as those with a nationality, namely well-founded fear of being persecuted on a Convention ground. The chapter further provides guidance on establishing lack of nationality in the refugee status determination context and considers questions such as the determination of the country of reference, voluntary renunciation, and the imposition of nationality without consent, concluding with an examination of the meaning and interpretation of ‘country of former habitual residence’.
Conclusion
Authors: Foster Michelle , Lambert Hélène 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chapter 7 concludes with a reflection on the relationship between stateless persons and the 1951 Refugee Convention, in the context of sixty years of doctrinal development in human rights law, and what this re-consideration may suggest for the protection of stateless persons pursuant to the 1951 Refugee Convention. It considers briefly the practical issues raised by this conclusion, particularly in those states that have a domestic procedure under both the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1954 Convention. Finally, it reflects on the need for future research on distinct but related issues, suggesting scope for a rich scholarship to develop which will complement and support the international community’s efforts to protect stateless persons, and ultimately eliminate statelessness.
Against the Metaphysical Transparency of Semantic Adicity
Authors: Taylor Kenneth A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The argument of previous chapters is generalized from referring expressions to argument-taking expressions more generally. The focus is on potential mismatches between what I call the semantic (and syntactic) adicity of argument-taking linguistic expressions and the objective or metaphysical adicity of real-world properties and relations. Two main arguments are offered, the argument from underarticulation and the argument from cross-linguistic variation. It is argued that where there are such mismatches, we should not expect a priori semantic analysis to be a reliable guide to bridging such gaps and so should not expect a priori semantic analysis to reveal much about the metaphysical adicity of real-world properties, events, states, and relations.
Metaphysical Embarrassment, Indefinite Modifiability, and Rules of Use
Authors: Taylor Kenneth A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses potential gaps between between developed encyclopedic representations of the metaphysical structure of the world and native semantic representations of the metaphysical structure of the world. It is argued that when our language is metaphysically embarrassed by the world we resort either to indefinite modifiability or mere rules of use to regulate ordinary language. It is also argued that when use is regulated by mere rules of use, rather than rules of truth, there is no reason at all to suppose that we can read much about the ultimate metaphysical structure of the Universe from facts about use.
The Radiant Future
Authors: Taunton Matthew 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the idea of the future and the transformations it underwent as a result of the Russian Revolution. Drawing on theories of historicity and temporality described by Claude Lévi-Strauss, Reinhardt Koselleck, and François Hartog, the chapter examines the various ways in which the concept of the future was disturbed by and rethought in relation to events in Russia. What happens when the word ‘socialism’—which had until 1917 been a speculation about an ideal utopian future—becomes attached to a particular state? What happens when a country renowned for its ‘backwardness’ takes on a strong association with progress? And how did writers and intellectuals respond to the Stalinist myth of the ‘Radiant Future’, which defended terror and starvation in the name of building socialism? The chapter includes analysis of works by H. G. Wells, John Cournos, C. Day Lewis, W. H. Auden, and Dorothy Richardson.
Homestead Versus Kolschoz
Authors: Taunton Matthew 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
‘Homestead versus Kolchos’ was a question that obsessed Ezra Pound, an opposition between independent freeholders farming small plots (associated by Pound with the early history of the United States), and the mechanized factory farming of the Soviet collective farm or kolkhoz (which he transliterates as Kolchos). This chapter explores the ways in which British writers and intellectuals, including G. K. Chesterton, George Orwell, John Rodker, Joan Beauchamp, and J. B. Priestley, thought and wrote about Soviet agriculture. The tension between the cottage economy and the collective farm, as opposing models of socialist agriculture, created a wide-ranging debate about food, about the independent peasant proprietor, and about the possibilities of collective ownership. It shows how the ‘cottage economy’, celebrated by William Cobbett, became a key theme for anti-Communist critiques of collectivized agriculture.
The Control Theory of Legitimacy
Authors: Pettit Philip 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses the problem of legitimacy (that of morally justifying the way a state exercises monopoly power over its adult, able-minded, more or less permanently resident members) that every state poses and looks at different grounds on which a state might be thought to be legitimate. It considers benefit-based, merit-based, and will-based theories of state legitimacy. It suggests that theories of the third type, according to which the will of the state must not be dominating, are best from a republican perspective. It then considers three will-based approaches. Of these, it argues, only the ‘control’ approach ensures that individuals are not dominated.
Another Voluntarism
Authors: Weithman Paul 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
John Rawls’s presentation of his famous principle of legitimacy raises a number of exegetical and philosophical questions which his texts leave unresolved. The key to their solution lies in a claim Rawls makes about the character of political power. Rawls uses language familiar from social contract theory to describe that power, saying that it is the power of the public as a corporate body. This chapter considers but ultimately rejects the suggestion that Rawls’s treatment of legitimacy is Lockean. Rather, Rawls follows Kant in thinking that talk of a contractual incorporation is best understood as a way of expressing fundamental moral claims about the object of a constitution, about citizens’ standing, and about legislators’ duties. These are the claims that do the real work in Rawls’s account of legitimacy. To show this, the chapter lays out Kant’s conception of the social contract and argues that we can draw on that conception to understand Rawls’s account of political legitimacy. It then spells out the philosophical pay-offs of the reading offered here by showing how it solves some textual puzzles and how Rawls’s account differs from others that have recently been defended in political philosophy. The chapter concludes by mentioning some lingering questions about Rawlsian legitimacy.
Conceptions of Public Reason in the Supranational Sphere and Legitimacy beyond Borders
Authors: Sadurski Wojciech 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter contends that legitimacy beyond the state should be understood, given the democratic deficit of supranational authorities, as a subject-conferred attribute of specific norms that generates no more than a duty to respect those norms. It recommends a public reason conception of legitimacy. This conception is not John Rawls’s view of public reason in the supranational sphere, but is Supranational Public Reason sensu stricto, which is found in the legitimating strategies of supranational bodies such as the European Court of Human Rights. Overall, the chapter criticizes Rawls’s account of public reason as a conception of legitimacy in the supranational sphere.
Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Nesiah Vasuki 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Race and racism have a schizophrenic life in international criminal law (ICL) histories, both ever-present, and ever-elusive. This chapter excavates this double-life by tracing, not race, but its repression, in ICL historians’ projection of ICL’s origins to the mid-nineteenth century regime instituted to implement the prohibition of the Atlantic slave trade in the name of ‘humanity’. This regime included treaty born transnational tribunals (‘Mixed Commissions’) with jurisdictional authority that extended beyond national borders. Racialized structures and imaginaries hide in plain sight in histories of these tribunals as an embryonic ICL—present everywhere yet not acknowledged anywhere. This chapter argues that this absent presence is constituted, on the one hand, by juridification, and on the other, by moralization. Troubling legacies of juridification and moralization entails unpacking continuities and discontinuities with contemporary ICL and the work of race-invisibility in putting wind in the sails of humanity’s racially mal-distributive global dynamics.
Histories of the Jewish ‘Collaborator’: Exile, Not Guilt
Authors: Drumbl Mark 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the courtroom as incubator of two sorts of histories in contested cases of Holocaust ‘collaboration’: the micro-history of what happened—who did what to whom and why?—and the macro-history of what to remember and celebrate (and collaterally what to banish and exile). This chapter takes up two judicial proceedings. First, the libel charges criminally brought by the State of Israel on behalf of Rudolf Kastnerin 1954-1955 against Malchiel Gruenwald, an independent journalist who had accused Kastner of ‘collaborating’ with the Nazis. Second, the trial of Julius Siegel which was held in Israel in 1953 under legislation the Knesset enacted to criminally charge suspected Jewish collaborators who had emigrated to Israel following the Holocaust. In both cases, trials and judgments were awkward, ornery, staccato, and gnarly. When it comes to micro-histories, formal criminal proceedings narrated a reductive story about collaboration that lacked finesse and suppleness. These very same formal trials were however somewhat effective in manufacturing the macrohistorical content of collective memory by elevating heroism and sacrifice while banishing compromise, negotiation, and survivalism.
Kant’s ‘Only Possible Argument’, Possibility and Necessity
Authors: Abacı Uygar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter offers a reconstruction and analysis of Kant’s reformed ontological argument, moving from the actualist principle (AP) that every real possibility must be grounded in actuality to the conclusion that there exists a unique really necessary being, grounding all real possibility. This argument turns on a distinction between real modality, i.e. possibility and necessity of existence, and logical modality, i.e. possibility and necessity of thought. The existing literature on the argument focuses on the problem that the singularity of the ground of all real possibility is not warranted by the premises of the argument. There is, however, an even more fundamental problem: what grounds the actualist principle? The principle can be interpreted ontologically, as expressing the conditions of real possibility per se, or epistemologically, expressing the conditions of our cognition of real possibility. The precritical Kant adopts the ontological interpretation, but does not provide a justification for it.
Scepticism and Externalism
Authors: Ayers Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Like Descartes, many analytic epistemologists employ sceptical argument ‘methodologically’, affording undue respect to its illusory force in order to present their own theory as the way to avoid its conclusion. Like ‘fallibilism’ and ‘contextualism’, epistemological ‘externalism’ (or ‘reliabilism’) is commonly thus supported. Well-known argument by Fred Dretske is selected for critical examination, which leads into the assessment of externalist notions of defeasibility. Certain fundamental presuppositions of these externalist arguments are identified and questioned. The problem of how our belief that our cognitive faculties are reliable can be justified without circularity, and Ernest Sosa’s answer to it, are considered, and another, less intellectualist answer given. A final section turns to McDowell’s ‘internalist’ response to scepticism, broached in Chapter III, and his version of ‘disjunctivism’, a doctrine assessed as making a valid point misleadingly presented as semantic analysis. McDowell’s oddly quasi-externalist conception of defeasibility and justification is also assessed.
The Price of Failure
Authors: Toprani Anand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides critical assessment of Britain’s post-World War I oil strategy and details the strategic consequences of its failure during the early years of World War II. It reveals the irreconcilable dilemma that doomed Britain’s attempts to satisfy its energy needs independently in wartime: a shortage of tankers and foreign exchange. Reducing the foreign exchange burden meant increasing imports from the Middle East, which stretched Britain’s supply of tankers to the breaking point, since there were not enough to redirect imports around the Cape of Good Hope after Italian hostility threatened access through the Mediterranean. Drawing oil from the Western Hemisphere required fewer tankers but also cost foreign exchange. Ultimately, Britain’s survival after 1940—as after 1917—depended upon the assistance of the United States.
Neoliberalism and its health discontents
Authors: Labonté Ronald , Ruckert Arne 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
‘Contemporary’ globalization, the main focus of this book, is generally dated back to the early 1980s. At that time a series of economic and oil price crises collided with the election of conservative governments in the world’s (then) most powerful countries and the risk of sovereign debt defaults in the developing world to create space for the political adoption of neoliberal economic orthodoxy. This adoption of neoliberal practices and theory played out over three successive waves: a ‘roll-back’ of state welfare or social protection provisions mandated through structural adjustment policies in the 1980s and 1990s, a ‘roll-out’ in the form of the tremendous growth in global financialized economy in the 1990s and early 2000s leading to the 2008 global financial crisis, and the subsequent imposition of fiscal austerity as a globally diffused structural adjustment redux. Each wave has been accompanied by unequally distributed health shocks within and between countries.