bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Obesity on Complications in Short-Scar Breast Reduction: A Retrospective Study of 236 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Tomczyk Eleanor Rose Goldwasser , Chappell Ava , Erskine Nathaniel , Akyurek Mustafa 
Published: November 2018

Background: Prior studies have examined the relationship between obesity and adverse outcomes after reduction mammaplasty, suggesting a correlation between increasing body mass index (BMI) and postoperative complications. However, there is little data published regarding such correlation with respect to short-scar technique. Methods: A total of 236 patients underwent short-scar mammaplasty with a superomedial pedicle from 2008 to 2014. The procedure was performed by a single surgeon at an academic medical center. Adverse outcomes included delayed healing, major wounds, nipple necrosis, fat necrosis, seroma, hematoma, infection, revision, and dog ear deformities. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios for the association of BMI category with the development of any adverse outcome. Results: Patients were grouped by the following BMI categories: <25 kg/m2 (n = 27), 25 to <30 kg/m2 (n = 71), 30 to <35 kg/m2 (n = 73), 35 to <40 kg/m2 (n = 45), and >40 kg/m2 (n = 20). The mean follow-up period was 260 days. The total complication rate in each group was 22.2%, 23.9%, 27.4%, 33.3%, and 45.0%, respectively. Although the proportion of patients experiencing at least 1 adverse outcome increased across the ascending BMI categories ( P trend = .145), there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: This study of 236 patients who underwent short-scar reduction mammaplasty found a positive trend in the incidence of adverse outcomes as BMI increased. However, this was not statistically significant.
Three-Legged Race to Trade Facilitation: Case Study at Jawaharlal Nehru Custom House
Authors: Chauhan Vijay Singh , Prasath K. Arun 
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the authors use the tool of ‘Time Release Study’ (TRS), advocated by the World Customs Organization and the World Trade Organization under the Trade Facilitation Agreement, to assess the efforts being taken at Jawaharlal Nehru Custom House (JNCH), the largest customs house in India towards trade facilitation. They explain the multi-stakeholder concept of customs clearance process and the mathematical quantification of release time. Thereafter, relying on the data collected for the TRS 2018, which the authors piloted at JNCH, they identify three sets of issues that are critical to drawing up a roadmap to achieve the time release target of 72 hours for import cargo through sea ports, which has been mandated by the National Trade Facilitation Action Plan 2017–2020 . The three sets of issues identified are time of submission of the import documents by importers (commonly known as bill of entry), level of facilitation or intervention (as determined by the risk management system) and involvement of non-fiscal concerns that may require processing by regulatory authorities, other than customs. Highlighting the nuanced impact of extent of pre-arrival processing and different grades of facilitation or inspection, the paper emphasises the necessity for a concerted and cooperative effort to achieve the challenging release time target. JEL Classifications: C41, D04, Z18
Cost Differences Associated With Oncology Care Delivered in a Community Setting Versus a Hospital Setting: A Matched-Claims Analysis of Patients With Breast, Colorectal, and Lung Cancers
Authors: Gordan Lucio , Blazer Marlo , Saundankar Vishal , Kazzaz Denise , Weidner Susan , Eaddy Michael 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: Access to high-quality cancer care remains a challenge for many patients. One such barrier is the increasing cost of treatment. With recent shifts in cancer care delivery from community-based to hospital-based clinics, we examined whether this shift could result in increased costs for patients with three common tumor types. Methods: Cost data for 6,675 patients with breast, lung, and colorectal cancer were extracted from the IMS LifeLink database and analyzed as cost per patient per month (PPPM). Patients treated within a community setting were matched (2 to 1) with those treated at a hospital clinic on the basis of cancer type, chemotherapy regimen, receipt of radiation therapy, presence of metastatic disease, sex, prior surgery, and geographic region. Approximately 84% of patients were younger than 65 years of age. Results: Mean total PPPM cost was significantly lower for patients treated in a community- versus hospital-based clinic ($12,548 [standard deviation {SD}, $10,507] v $20,060 [SD, $16,555]; P < .001). The PPPM chemotherapy cost was also significantly lower in the community setting ($4,933 [SD, $4,983] v $8,443 [SD, $10,391]; P < .001). The lower cost observed in community practice was irrespective of chemotherapy regimen and tumor type. Conclusion: We observed significantly increased costs of care for our patient population treated at hospital-based clinics versus those treated at community-based clinics, largely driven by the increased cost of chemotherapy and provider visits in hospital-based clinics. If the site of cancer care delivery continues to shift toward hospital-based clinics, the increased health care spending for payers and patients should be better elucidated and addressed.
Acute Weight Loss Restores Dysregulated Circulating MicroRNAs in Individuals Who Are Obese
Authors: Manning Patrick , Munasinghe Pujika Emani , Bellae Papannarao Jayanthi , Gray Andrew R , Sutherland Wayne , Katare Rajesh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContextObesity is a global epidemic and an independent risk factor for several diseases. miRNAs are gaining interest as early molecular regulators of various pathological processes.ObjectiveTo examine the miRNA signatures in women who are obese and determine the response of miRNAs to acute weight loss.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from women who are obese (n = 80) before and after acute weight loss (mean, 7.2%). Plasma samples from age-matched lean volunteers (n = 80) were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted from the plasma samples and subjected to NanoString analysis of 822 miRNAs. The expression level of candidate miRNAs was validated in all participants using quantitative real-time PCR analysis.ResultsNanoString analysis identified substantial dysregulation of 21 miRNAs in women who are obese that were associated with impaired glucose tolerance, senescence, cardiac hypertrophy, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell death. Acute weight loss reversed the expression pattern of 18 of these miRNAs toward those seen in the lean control group. Furthermore, real-time PCR validation of all the samples for 13 miRNAs with at least twofold upregulation or downregulation confirmed substantial dysregulation of all the chosen miRNAs in women who are obese at baseline. After acute weight loss, the levels of seven miRNAs in women who are obese and who are lean were comparable, with no statistically significant evidence for differences between the two groups.ConclusionsOur study has provided evidence that the circulating miRNAs associated with various disorders are dysregulated in women who are obese. We also found that seven of these miRNAs showed levels comparable to those in lean controls after acute weight loss in women who are obese.
Restoring Congress’s role in the modern administrative State
Authors: Walker Christopher J. 
Published: October 2018

Restaurando a função do Congresso no Estado administrativo moderno In Congress’s Constitution, Josh Chafetz provides a timely and compelling historical account of the powers Congress possesses to compete with the other branches of government in our separation-of-powers framework. This Review makes two main observations. Particularly in light of the rise of the regulatory state, Part I explains how the toolbox of congressional powers Chafetz assembles can play a critical role in overseeing and influencing federal agency regulatory activities. Part II then offers a word of caution concerning Congress’s use of this toolbox without also passing laws. To restore Congress’s proper role in the modern administrative state, it is not enough for members of Congress to effectively oversee regulatory lawmaking. Congress must regularly legislate — to reauthorize and modernize the statutes that govern federal agencies, to respond to regulatory activity with which Congress disagrees, and to preserve the separation of powers between legislation and regulation. Na obra Congress’s Constitution, Josh Chafetz apresenta um relato histórico oportuno e convincente dos poderes que o Congresso possui para competir com os outros ramos do governo em nosso cenário de separação de poderes. Esta revisão faz duas observações fundamentais. Particularmente à luz da ascensão do estado regulador, a parte I explica como a caixa de ferramentas dos poderes do Congresso sugerida por Chafetz pode desempenhar um papel crítico na supervisão e influência das atividades reguladoras das agências federais. A parte II oferece uma palavra de cautela sobre o uso que o Congresso faz dessa caixa de ferramentas sem aprovar leis. Para restaurar o papel apropriado do Congresso no estado administrativo moderno, não é suficiente que os membros do Congresso supervisionem efetivamente o processo legislativo regulador. O Congresso deve legislar regularmente — reautorizar e modernizar os estatutos que governam as agências federais, responder à atividade regulatória com a qual o Congresso discorda e preservar a separação de poderes entre a legislação e a regulamentação.
A administração pública na Constituição de 1988. Trinta anos depois: disputas, derrotas e conquistas
Authors: Baptista Patrícia , Accioly João Pedro 
Published: October 2018

Public administration’s ruling in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution. Thirty years by now: disputes, defeats and achievements Passados 30 anos de vigência do capítulo dedicado à disciplina da administração pública na Constituição de 1988, o artigo passa em revista sua trajetória. Investiga a origem histórica do capítulo, o contexto de sua aplicação e alguns dos principais processos de disputa que o marcaram. Discorre sobre êxitos e fracassos em sua efetivação, a partir de uma perspectiva realista e, ao mesmo tempo, critica o discurso retórico-normativista da Constituição, até aqui predominante na academia e nos tribunais. Thirty years after the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution, the article examines the trajectory of the constitutional chapter dedicated to rule the Public Administration. It investigates the chapter’s historic origin, the contexts in which it is applied and some of the main dispute episodes concerning its application. At last, the article discusses the achievements and failures in its enforcement, from a realistic perspective and, at the same time, critical to the normative-rhetorical speech about the Constitution, which has hitherto prevailed in the academy and in the courts.
Molecular and in-silico analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism targeting human TP53 gene exon 5-8 in Sudanese esophageal cancer patients
Authors: Elfaki Rihab M. , Abdelaziz Mohammed S. , Altayb Hisham N. , Munsoor Munsoor M. , Gameel Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2018

Background: The protein product of the normal TP53 gene performs an essential function in cell cycle control and tumor suppression, and the mutation of a TP53 gene is an essential step in the development of many cancers. Despite the reported association of TP53 gene mutations with many human cancers, the comprehensive computational analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and their functional impacts, still remains rare. Methods: In this study DNA were extracted from formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples followed by the conventional polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Computational analysis was performed using different algorithms to screen for deleterious SNPs. Results: The results demonstrate that there are synonymous SNPs (sSNPs) and non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in the TP53 gene that may be deleterious to p53 structure and function. Additionally, TP53 gene mutations were found in 40% of samples. Six out of ten of TP53 gene mutations occurred in exon 5, two mutation in exon 6 and other two were present in exon 8. Only one SNP in position E298Q was predicted to have a neutral effect and other SNPs were predicted to be disease related according to Mutation Taster software. A total of 37.2% of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples were found to be mutated, 87.5% of them exist in exon 5, 12.5% in exon 6 and 6.3% in exon 8, whereas adenocarcinoma (AC) achieved a higher rate of mutation (57.1%) with 100% exon 5 involvement. Conclusions: Mutation of TP53 exon 5 in esophageal cancer patients were the most frequent. Genomic results have identified a higher TP53 mutation rate in esophageal AC in contrast to SCC.
Evaluation of broad-spectrum antiviral compounds against chikungunya infection using a phenotypic screening strategy
Authors: Bonotto Rafaela M. , Souza-Almeida Glaucia , Badra Soraya Jabur , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu , Moraes Carolina B. , Freitas-Junior Lucio H. 
Published: October 2018

Chikungunya fever is an emerging disease and a significant public health problem in tropical countries. Recently reported outbreaks in Brazil in 2015 drew attention to the need to develop prevention and treatment options, as no antiviral chemotherapy or vaccines are currently available for this disease. Two strategies have been proved to accelerate the discovery of new anti-infectives: phenotypic screening and drug repurposing. Phenotypic screening can support the fast interrogation of compounds without the need for a pre-validated drug target, which is not available for the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and has the additional advantage of facilitating the discovery of antiviral with novel mechanism of action. Drug repurposing can save time and resources in drug development by enabling secondary uses for drugs that are already approved for human treatment, thus precluding the need for several of the mandatory preclinical and clinical studies necessary for drug approval. A phenotypic screening assay was developed by infecting the human hepatoma Huh-7 cells with CHIKV 181/25 and quantifying infection through indirect immunofluorescence. The compound 6-azauridine was used as a positive control drug. The screening assay was validated by testing a commercial library of 1,280 compounds, including FDA-approved drugs, and used to screen a panel of broad-spectrum antiviral compounds for anti-CHIKV activity. A high content assay was set up in Huh-7 cells-infected with CHIKV. The maximum rate of infection peaked at 48 hours post-infection, after which the host cell number was greatly reduced due to a strong cytopathic effect. Assay robustness was confirmed with Z’-factor values >0.8 and high correlation coefficient between independent runs, demonstrating that the assay is reliable, consistent and reproducible. Among tested compounds, sofosbuvir, an anti-hepatitis C virus drug, exhibited good selectivity against CHIKV with an EC50of 11 µM, suggesting it is a promising candidate for repurposing.
Representações sociais de imigração e imigrantes em jornais britânico, francês e alemão no ano 2012
Authors: Batista Roberta Rangel , Bonomo Mariana 
Published: October 2018

A imigração na Europa tornou-se um fenômeno relevante em função do grande contingente de pessoas que chega ao território todos os dias. No entanto, a relação dos imigrantes com a sociedade local pauta-se em categorias pré-existentes que concebem o outro como ameaçador e não civilizado. Tendo como referência o aporte teórico-conceitual da Teoria das Representações Sociais, o presente estudo objetivou conhecer e analisar as representações sociais de imigração e imigrante em jornais britânico, francês e alemão no ano de 2012. Para tanto, foram coletadas 127 reportagens de jornais de referência no continente, que foram tratadas pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente do software Alceste. Os resultados demonstraram que as representações sociais de imigração e imigrante para os jornais em análise vinculam-se a themas e categorias consideradas inferiores no pensamento social. O imigrante é representado como indesejado, dinâmica que pode provocar rejeição ao diferente e manter o grupo na condição de não familiaridade.
O processamento silábico em crianças e sua relação com o processamento fonológico
Authors: Justi Francis Ricardo dos Reis , Justi Cláudia Nascimento Guaraldo 
Published: October 2018

O presente estudo investigou o efeito de priming silábico e da estrutura silábica na leitura. Participaram dessa pesquisa 88 crianças falantes do português brasileiro que cursavam do 1º ao 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Utilizou-se uma tarefa de decisão lexical e observou-se um efeito de priming silábico no tempo de reação e um efeito da estrutura silábica na porcentagem de erros. A memória de trabalho fonológica correlacionou-se com o efeito da estrutura silábica, mas a consciência fonológica não. Nenhuma dessas variáveis se correlacionou com o efeito de priming silábico. Discutiu-se o papel do processamento fonológico no processamento da leitura.
Políticas Públicas em Saúde do Trabalhador: campo prático e de disputa simbólica
Authors: Silveira Andréa Luiza da , Merlo Álvaro Roberto Crespo 
Published: October 2018

Objetivamos analisar a Política Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador e da Trabalhadora, considerando-se as interfaces com a Política Nacional de Segurança e Saúde do Trabalhador e com o Plano Nacional de Segurança e Saúde do Trabalhador. A partir da organização das políticas em corpus de análise, discriminamos seus conceitos norteadores e encontramos contradições entre eles que podem caracterizar uma disputa simbólica, no âmbito da prática profissional, e que a política tem a missão de iluminar. Deste modo, a PNSTT de 2012 desvela-se em três dimensões: biopolítica, campo de disputa simbólica e campo prático. Situar as suas contradições, inicialmente, pode ser importante para viabilizá-la mediante as possibilidades que ela comporta e no contexto social em disputa onde ela se situa. Entendemos, no entanto, que as pesquisas nos serviços de saúde deverão contribuir para compreender, ainda mais, as dimensões que localizamos.
O lazer e o uso de substâncias entre adolescentes: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Almeida Diego Eugênio Roquette Godoy , Micheli Denise De , Andrade Andre Luiz Monezi 
Published: October 2018

Com base em uma diversidade de definições, existe um consenso sobre o lazer enquanto um fenômeno extraordinário à vida cotidiana. Existem divergências em análises do lazer a partir de perspectivas do tempo, atividade e atitude, correlacionando-o muitas vezes com comportamentos de risco. Objetivamos verificar de forma sistemática se os componentes atitudinais relacionados à experiência do lazer de adolescentes e jovens estão relacionados à redução do uso de substâncias psicoativas. O Método utilizado foi a Revisão Integrativa a partir de consulta às principais bases de dados em saúde, seguida de apresentação dos artigos de acordo com o método PRISMA. Os critérios de revisão e inclusão foram apresentados pela estrutura PICOS. Nos resultados foram recuperados 555 artigos, porém somente 09 artigos preencheram os critérios para análise sistemática dos dados. A conclusão dos estudos sugerem associação da motivação intrínseca e tédio como fatores de risco no lazer para o abuso de substâncias.
Living trapped in-between spaces: Literary works of displaced Argentine women writers in Spain
Authors: Bort Caballero María Luz 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The dictatorships of South America motivated many writers to go overseas in the 1970s. Repression, persecution and the disappearance of intellectuals in Argentina created a need to look towards displacement and exile as alternatives to survive and escape from the atrocities committed by the regime that took power following the 1976 military coup. Some women writers found refuge in this new literary space: a place that allowed them to face the dilemma of ‘living in-between’ and at the same time to locate a part of the historical memory of Argentina. This article focuses on the works of Clara Obligado, Ana Becciu, Reina Roffé, Juana Bignozzi and Noni Benegas: transatlantic writers who fled to and installed themselves in Spain during this time of transition. This article studies the ‘writing of the double place’, the narrative of absence and memory of a place of origin. It also analyses the representation of Spain as a host site in their works and as a means of finding their voices, reflecting and conversing with their double existential situation of being ‘in-between’ spaces.
The pursuit of the (Latin) American dream in the time of crises: Portugal’s diplomatic and commercial changes towards the region (2005–15)
Authors: Carreras Luis A. Fretes , Moriconi Marcelo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
To overcome the global crisis, Portugal sought to internationalize its economy. Latin America, a region that grew steadily for a decade, has become a region of interest for the Iberian country. This article analyses the changes to the diplomatic and commercial schemes between both regions and explains how, when, by whom and through which strategies these relations have been modified. While Brazil continues to be the privileged partner, Portugal is strengthening its relationship with new strategic countries, primarily the components of the Pacific Alliance. As a result, the historical negative balance of trade became positive in 2012. The data show greater dynamism in commercial exchanges and political relations in recent years and the incorporation of new political actors designed to stimulate and deepen bilateral relations. Although several authors point to Portugal as a state that promotes economic diplomacy, this article suggests that what has prevailed in strengthening relations with Latin America is a commercial and business diplomacy, leaning heavily on key political actors and ‘anchor’ companies installed in the new markets. The ideological affinity of governments appears to be a determining factor in extending political and commercial ties. As other works have shown, this case study proves a positive correlation between trade/investment state agencies and diplomatic activities and the increase in bilateral trade flows.
The strategic alliance between Chávez and Ahmadinejad, and its impact on international institutions, from a peripheral-realist perspective
Authors: Pereira Stallaert Carmen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Chávez–Ahmadinejad era (2005–13) was marked by a growing rapprochement between Venezuela and Iran not only based on common oil interests but also at the cultural, diplomatic and military level. The objective of this article is to analyse the impact of this counter-hegemonic alignment in the international scene in light of the theory of peripheral realism. First, we briefly outline how the relationship was built during the Chávez and Ahmadinejad presidencies underpinned by a shared ideological anti-Americanism. Second, we define the concept of peripheral realism to examine the impact of the Venezuela–Iran partnership in the context of three international institutions: ALBA, OPEC and the UN Security Council. To conclude, we interpret the Iran–Venezuela axis from a peripheral-realist perspective and reflect upon the sustainability of this alliance in the aftermath of Chávez’s death and a change of leadership in both Venezuela and Iran.