bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Leader Programme as an Impulse for New Projects in Rural Areas
Authors: Hoffmann Robert , Hoffmann Natalia 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The article aims to present the stages of the LEADER programme and its influence on greater activity and integration of inhabitants by, e.g. extending the knowledge of tradition and national heritage and the actions intended for the integration of local communities. It is noticeable particularly in the implementation of the activities within Axis 4 of the 2007–2013 Rural Development Programme. Positive changes in rural areas are a result of building strong social and human capitals, which are important factors of local development. The skills and the ability for cooperation of a local community allows it to implement many projects. The investments made by beneficiaries of the LEADER programme improve the level of living and the quality of life in the countryside. The effect is an improvement in physical infrastructure and tourist attractiveness as a result of care for the rural landscape and cultural heritage. The implementation of the LEADER programme is presented on the example of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship where the participation in actions for local communities is deeply ingrained. In order to show spatial differences in the activity of local entities under Local Action Groups in Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, classes were selected on the basis of funds received by local entities in the LAG areas. There are 36 Local Action Groups operating in Wielkopolska (of which 31 have seats in this region).
Regional Development in Central-Eastern European Countries at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Path Dependence and Effects of EU Cohesion Policy
Authors: Dyba Wojciech , Loewen Bradley , Looga Jaan , Zdražil Pavel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCohesion Policy has provided new impulses for development in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) that continue to be challenged by regional disparities. This paper investigates the effects of the European Union Cohesion Policy on regional development. After presenting historical development patterns of the investigated area and opportunities afforded by this policy, its effects on a variety of indicators are analysed for the period 2007–2014. The analysis allowed confirming positive effects of EU Cohesion Policy on the development of CEE regions. However, these effects differ across the investigated area. Moving forward, it will be crucial to develop institutions and policies characteristic to each region that are stable and efficient without external funds.
Pelvic reconstruction with bone cement and total hip prosthesis after resection of chondrosarcoma. Case Report
Authors: Japie Ioan Mihai , Bădilă Adrian , Rădulescu Radu , Mitroi Eduard , Bujdei Andra , Dumitru Adrian , Ene Răzvan , Papuc Alexandru , Cîrstoiu Cătălin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Introduction. Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of cartilaginous origin representing approximately 20-30% of all bone malignant tumors and occupying the second place in terms of their incidence. It usually affects adults between 40 and 60 years old, but can be encountered at older ages as well.
Materials and methods. We report the case of a 55-year-old male patient who presented to our department with 2 weeks-long right hip pain and partial loss of functionality in right limb. We performed X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, bone scintigraphy, and angiography, which established the diagnosis of pelvic tumor. Biopsy of the tumor was performed by iliofemoral approach and its result showed moderately differentiated chondrosarcoma. Orthopaedic surgery was performed, with tumoral removal within oncological limits, pelvic reconstruction using acrylic bone cement impregnated with Vancomycin and total hip arthroplasty.
Results were assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Rating Scale and a score of 23 out of 35 was obtained (the higher the better). Postoperative complications consisted in flap-skin necrosis that resolved within 2 months after surgery.
Conclusion. Bone defects repair using antibiotic impregnated cement drastically reduced the rate of postoperative infections, thus decreasing both morbidity and mortality. In spite of technological advancement, long-term prognosis remains reserved in chondrosarcoma, due to its specific aggressivity, resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy and high rate of recurrence.
The impact of extreme genu varum and genu valgum on postoperative outcomes using mini-subvastus approach in TKA
Authors: Creţu Bogdan Ştefan , Dragosloveanu Călin , Cotor Dragoş , Dragosloveanu Şerban , Stoica Cristian Ioan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Increasing interest in using minimally invasive approaches in TKA has led to the question: how much deformity is accepted for using MIS in TKA? A single surgeon performed 87 consecutive TKAs with mini-subvastus approach, using unconstrained prosthesis in 84 knees and constrained prosthesis in 3 knees. We conducted a prospective study in which patients were divided into two groups according to preoperative tibiofemoral axes (TFM), one group with 160°<TFM<195° and the second group with 160°≥TFM≥195°. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared. Postoperative ROM and knee score were improved in both groups, with similar results (p<0.01). Postoperative radiographic analyses showed that TFM was improved in both groups (p<0.01) with the coronal alignment inferior in 160°≥TFM≥195° group than the 160°<TFM<195° group. The results of this study suggest that mini-subvastus approach is a proper technique to use in primary TKA in patients with a TFM angle less than 160° and more than 195° with similar results with TFM angle between 160° and 195°, and for the use of constrained prosthesis designs with promising results. Preoperative TFM angle less than 160° and greater than 195° increases the risk of component malposition in coronal plane.
An update on osteoporosis
Authors: Bodean Oana , Munteanu Octavian , Voicu Diana , Arsene Luciana , Uzunov Ana , Pauleţ Florina , Cîrstoiu Monica 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
With the growth of the aging population worldwide, osteoporosis represents a serious health problem, which implies higher morbidity and costs, despite the continuous advances in treatment options. It involves both sexes, although menopausal women are mainly affected. This article is a brief review of literature on current osteoporosis treatment options.
INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL CONTENTS OF TOMATO PLANTS
Authors: P. Vijayarengan A. Natarajan, , Vijayaragavan M. 
Published: April 2018

The increasing concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg /kg) of soil cadmium on growth and biochemical contents in tomato plants were analysed on 30th sampling days. Control plants were maintained separately. Plants were grown in pots containing 3 kg of air dried sandy loam soil and treated with different concentrations (mg/kg) of cadmium (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ). Treatments decreased the growth parameters such as root and shoot length and biochemical constituents such as, protein,(except, proline and phenol content) contents in tomato plants compared to untreated plants. The shoot length of cadmium treated tomato plants was higher than the root length. proline and phenol content of root of tomato plants was higher than the shoot.
Synthesis of RNA nucleotides in plausible prebiotic conditions from ab initio computer simulations
Authors: Pérez-Villa Andrea , Saitta A. Marco , Georgelin Thomas , Lambert Jean-François , Guyot François , Maurel Marie-Christine , Pietrucci Fabio 
Published: April 2018

Understanding the mechanism of spontaneous formation of ribonucleotides under realistic prebiotic conditions is a key open issue of origins-of-life research. In cells, de novo and salvage nucleotide enzymatic synthesis combines 5-phospho-α-D-ribose-1-diphosphate (α-PRPP) and nucleobases. Interestingly, these reactants are also known as prebiotically plausible compounds. Combining ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with recently developed reaction exploration and enhanced sampling methods, we show that nucleobases and α-PRPP should spontaneously combine, under mild hydrothermal conditions, with an exothermic reaction and a facile mechanism, forming both purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides.Surprisingly, this mechanism is very similar to the biological one, and yields ribonucleotides with the same anomeric carbon chirality as in biological systems.These results suggest that natural selection might have optimized -- through enzymes -- a pre-existing ribonucleotide formation mechanism, carrying it forward to modern life forms.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MENDORONG KINERJA DOSEN TETAP PADA FAKULTAS KOMUNIKASI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS TELKOM
Authors: Andini Andini , Arwiyah Yahya , Pangarso Astadi 
Published: April 2018

<p><em>Related to the performance of the homebase lecturers at the Faculty of Communications and Business, Telkom University, in conduct the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi (Three Pillars of Tertiary Education), research and community service feels lacking. That is why this research is intended to know the performance condition also to see the factors that encourage and the factors that are dominant towards the performance of fixed lecturers at the Faculty of Communications and Business in Telkom University. The method that is used in this research is descriptive analysis with factor analysis technique. The type of this research is quantitative research. The respondants in this research are the fixed lecturers at the Faculty of Communications and Business in Telkom University. The research data is obtained by distributing questionnaires towards 70 respondants and literature review.</em><em> </em><em>Based on the descriptive analysis result, fixed lecturers performance in the "good" category is about 77%. Factor analysis results states that ability factor, organizational structure factor, background factor, and perception factor are the factors that encourage the performance of the fixed lecturers at the Faculty of Communications and Business in Telkom University. The ability factor which is representated by attitude, motivation, expertise, discipline, effectivity, and efficiency factors has the highest value % of variance that is about 34,837%. Organizational structure factor which is representated by resource, leadership, work experience, and work design factor has the value % of variance about 10,588%. Background factor which is representated by initiative and demography factor has the value % of variance about 8,533% while the perception factor has the value % of variance about 7,630%.</em></p><p><em>Keyword:</em><em>Performance, Factor Analysis, Faculty of Communications and Business in Telkom Universit</em><em>y, lecturer performance</em></p>
Reflecting Translanguaging in Classroom Practices: A Case Study
Authors: Rerung Magdalena Kartikasari Tandy 
Published: April 2018

<p>Strategies comes from Greek word “strategia” which means the art of planning and directing. Regarding to language learning, a strategy is used to achieve their goal depends on the skill they obtain. Specifically speaking skill is one of the productive skills that can be a challenging thing for university students who majored in English. Besides vocabulary, other element that support their language production is motivation. Avoiding in using Bahasa Indonesia can make them unmotivated sometimes. If this is the case, therefore the students might be passive learners in the classroom. Translanguaging is a strategy in language learning that can motivate students keep learning the language by combining their first language with the foreign one. The following case study is intended to observe how do students use translanguaging. The study was a class observation involving four students majored in English Language and Culture Program at Bunda Mulia University. They were in fourth semester and enrolling in the Listening and Speaking Class. Apparently the result shows that students who use their first language in the speaking task help them in delivering information and telling stories.</p><p><em><br /></em></p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>translanguaging strategies, speaking skill, language learning</em>
Error Analysis Made by EFL Learners in Writing Pronoun (Academic Year 2015) at English Department at FKIP UHN Pematangsiantar
Authors: Sipahutar Reina Adelina , Pasaribu Eden 
Published: April 2018

<p>This research is about Error Analysis Made By EfL Learners In Writing Pronoun (Academic Year 2015) At English Department At Fkip Uhn Pematangsiantar. Error are any deviation from the standard grammar of the target language, while the personal pronoun is reffering to a person or thing. This research focused on the problem about (1) What types of errors produced by English learners in using Pronoun on the fourth semester in FKIP UHN Pematangsiantar? (2) What are the percentage of errors produced by English learners in using pronoun on the fourth semester in FKIP UHN Pematangsiantar? (3) What are the causes of errors produced by English learners in using Pronoun on the fourth semester in FKIP UHN Pematangsiantar? To answer the question of the problem, the writer follows some theories House and Harman (1931), Curme (1947), Meade et al. (1964), Harris (1969), Frank (1972), Corder (1973), Brown (1980), Abbot (1981), Brown (2000), Pyle and Munoz (2002), Arikunto (2006) to analyzed the data. The learners are sitting in the class of Language Metafunction in 2017 (Academic Year 2015). The writers will choose 20 students from each of the three classes (Group A, B, and C). The total numbers of the subject is 60 EFL learners.The data Shows that. The writer finds out that the Error of Addition (29 errors or 6,15%), Error of Omission (175 or 371%), Error of Substitution (225 error or 47,77%) and Error of Ordering (42 error or 8,91%). The dominant type of error was substitution errors (225 error or 47,77%). The mean is 16,54 and standard deviation is 7,17. The test is valid where the validity is 0.55.The test is also reliable where the reliability is 0.88. The average of the right score is 17 items out of 30 items and the percentage is 55,14 %. The average of the wrong score (error score) is 13 items out of 30 items and the percentage is 44,85 %. Finally the writer suggests to the English teachers to have a good teaching strategy to explain the use of personal pronoun.</p><p><em> </em></p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em> error, personal pronoun, teaching</em>
A young man with bleeding esophageal varices
Authors: Chonprasertsuk Soonthorn 
Published: April 2018

The noncirrhotic portal hypertension is an uncommon cause of bleeding esophagealvarices. This condition must be suspected in patients with preserved liver function. We reporta 25-year old man with SLE disease who presented with hematemesis. He had no historyor risk factors for an underlying liver condition. A huge splenomegaly was detectedby physical examination. The EGD found three large varices with red wale sign, whereas liverfunction tests were unremarkable. The noncirrhotic portal hypertension was diagnosedand confirmed by liver histopathology.
Figure 1 แสดงผลการส่องกล้องทางเดินอาหารส่วนบนพบ F3 varices with red wale sign
Immune checkpoint and checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Komolmit Piyawat 
Published: April 2018

การรักษามะเร็งด้วยแนวความคิดของการกระตุ้นให้ภูมิต้านทานของร่างกายไปทำลายเซลล์มะเร็งนั้น ปัจจุบันได้รับการพิสูจน์ชัดว่าวิธีการนี้สามารถหยุดยั้งการแพร่กระจายของเซลล์มะเร็ง โดยไม่ก่อให้เกิดภาวะแทรกซ้อนทางปฏิกิริยาภูมิต้านทานต่ออวัยวะส่วนอื่นที่รุนแรง สามารถนำมาใช้ทางคลินิกได้ ยุคของการรักษามะเร็งกำลังเปลี่ยนจากยุคของยาเคมีบำบัดเข้าสู่การรักษาด้วยภูมิต้านทาน หรือ immunotherapy ยากลุ่ม Immune checkpoint inhibitors โดยเฉพาะ PD-1 กับ CTLA-4 inhibitors จะเข้ามามีบทบาทในการรักษามะเร็งตับในระยะเวลาอันใกล้ จำเป็นแพทย์จะต้องมีความรู้ความเข้าใจในพื้นฐานของ immune checkpoints และยาที่ไปยับยั้งโมเลกุลเหล่านี้
Figure 1 เมื่อ T cells รับรู้แอนทิเจนผ่านทาง TCR/MHC จะมีปฏิกิริยาระหว่าง co-receptors หรือ immune checkpoints กับ ligands บน APCs หรือ เซลล์มะเร็ง ทั้งแบบกระตุ้น (co-stimulation) หรือยับยั้ง (co-inhibition)
TCR = T cell receptor, MHC = major histocompatibility complex
A Global Sand Budget—A Discussion of Sand Generation, Use and Destruction. Are We Running Out of Sand?
Authors: Laudon Robert C. 
Published: April 2018

Recent articles on soil erosion sound the alarm regarding the large amount soil that is being lost due to modern agricultural practices, and there is a general concern that we may be destroying our sand and soil resources at rates that greatly exceed generation and preservation rates. There is also a general concern in the sand and aggregate industry as to whether sand is a renewable natural resource. The paper is unique and important to soil science as well as geology because it pulls together data from diverse sources in an attempt to summarize global rates of sand and soil generation from parent material, rates of sand consumption by humans, and rates of sand loss to humans through erosion and transportation to the oceans.
While there is considerable literature on rates of soil erosion, there is remarkably little literature on rates of sand or soil generation from parent materials. Where rate numbers were found they were commonly local, and not global. They were commonly highly variable, and many conversions were required to put them in common, global units. Through a number of assumptions and calculations, the following conclusions have been made for global sand rates.
(1) Sand is being generated from primordial granites at rates estimated at 1.6 billion tons/year. (2) Sand is being generated from soils at rates that range between 0.06 and 450 billion tons/year globally with an average of the most reasonable sources at 5.0 billion tons/year. (3) Sand today, through erosion and natural causes, is lost to the oceans at rates estimated at 4.8 billion tons/year. (4) Modern erosion rates are considered to be an order of magnitude greater than pre-human erosion rates, or about 0.5 billion tons/year. (5) Construction grade sand is currently mined at approximately 4.5 billion tons/year and industrial grade sand is consumed at about 0.2 billion tons/year for a total human usage estimated at 4.7 billion tons/year.
Thus, total sand consumption by humans is slightly less than global generation rates, and an argument can be made that sand is a renewable natural resource. However, if modern rates of erosion and loss to the oceans are considered, then we are losing considerable ground with regard to total sand and soil availability.
First Record on Occurrence of Parachaetocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in Missouri
Authors: Wallace Gregory S. , Mabee William R. , Combes Matthew D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We report first record on occurrence of the midge genus Parachaetocladius in Missouri based on aquatic macro-invertebrate community samples collected during September 2004 from a reach of Sinking Creek in Dent County in the Ozark Highlands. Select water quality characteristics from the reach are also provided.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI VCO DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO
Authors: Lantarsih Retno 
Published: April 2018

VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) is a diversified agroindustry products made from coconut. This study aims to design the VCO small agroindustrial development strategy . This study used SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) analysis. The results showed that VCO Agroindustries in the small industries category are in a position of turn around. This position was to overcome weaknesses and to exploit the opportunities available. Keyword: Virgin Coconut Oil, Agroindustry, SWOT Analysis
ANALISIS POLA DAN RESIKO USAHA GULA AREN DI KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG
Authors: Kencana Felycia Tyera , Sukiyono Ketut , Sumantri Bambang 
Published: April 2018

This study is aimed at examining enterprises model and analysing risk level of Palm Sugar in Rejang Lebong Regency. Risk Analysis involve nira harvested, nira processed, palm sugar production, and palm sugar prices received by producers. Two-stages cluster sampling method is used to determine research areas, i.e, subdistrict of Sindang Kelingi and Selupu Rejang based on the numbers of firms. Using similar critirea, two villages are selected, i.e, Air Meles Atas and Sindang Jati. From those villages, then, 86 palm sugar producers are selected using Simple Random Sampling. Descriptive analysis is applied to describe entreprises model of palm sugar industries while risks is analysed using its varians, standard deviation, and minimum level of production as proposed by Maryam and Suprapti (2008). The research shows that all palm sugar industries in this regency can be categories as home industries with average production scale of 11.58 kg per process in rainy season and 11. 54 kg in dry season. Palm sugar producers use their own capital to produce palm sugar and borrowed to palm sugar village merchants when they need. From risk analysis, the study finds that palm sugar producers will face higher risk in term of nira harvested and processed, and production in dry season, except in term of price received which is higher in rainy season. Over all, palm sugar producers will not face risk significantly both in dry and rainy season.Key words: Palm Sugar, Enterprises model, Risk analysis
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN NILAI TUKAR PETANI KARET RAKYAT DI DESA AIR SEKAMANAK KECAMATAN KETAHUN KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA
Authors: Arifin Zaenal , . Sriyoto , Yuliarti Ellys 
Published: April 2018

This research was aimed to estimate income from rubber farming folk and envistige rubber farmer buying power through term of trade indicators. This research is conducted at Village Air Sekamanak District Ketahun North Bengkulu. Eighty nine labourfarmers were selected using Stratified Random Sampling method. The result of this research found that the farmers terms of trade is 1.43 in May and 1.45 in June. These results indicate that in the month May and June of rubber farmers in the study area during the month were categorized into levels of prosperity.Average farm income of smallholder rubber farmers in the study area is Rp 1,945,690.37 Ut in May, while the average income in June amounted to Rp 1,945,117.34 Ut. Keywords: terms of Trade, Smallholder labours, rubber
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PETANI DALAM ALIH KOMODITI KOPI (Coffee sp) KE KAKAO (Theobrroma cacao L. ) DI DESA TERTAP KECAMATAN JARAI KABUPATEN LAHAT SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Maryanto M. Agus , Nabiu Musriyadi , Widiono Septri 
Published: April 2018

This study aims to understand the process, reasons for the actions of farmers and analyze the factors that influence farmers to switch commodities. The number of respondents is 46 farmers selected using Simple Random Sampling. Description and multiple regression are used in this research. The results showed that the commodities convertion is done in some stages. The main reason is that farmers are able to earn income from their initial plants while they wait their new crops starting to produce. There are three reasons that farmers switch of social, economic, and agronomists. Social reasons, namely, to see the success of a friend of 41.30%, follow friends 39.13%, and their-owned beliefs 26.08%. Economic reasons is the high price of cocoa 60.86%, continuity of production 100% and marketing easy in 93.47%. Agronomic reasons, namely cocoa seedlings are easy to get 95.65%, maintenance / cultivation is easy 89.13%, and easy in post- harvest handling 93.47%. The results of regression analysis showed the number of dependents, a price comparison index, previous farm receipts, the coffee plant age, perception of control of the commodity, ease of cultivation and post harvest simultaneously significantly affect the percentage of land area converted. While the partial factors of coffee plant age and the perception of the commodity rather have real impact on the land area converted commodities. Keywords: Commodities Convertion, Converion Process,Influenced Factors