bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and all‐cause mortality risk in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected US veterans: a cohort study
Authors: So‐Armah K , Gupta SK , Kundu S , Stewart JC , Goulet JL , Butt AA , Sico JJ , Marconi VC , Crystal S , Rodriguez‐Barradas MC , Budoff M , Gibert CL , Chang C‐CH , Bedimo R , Freiberg MS 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThe contribution of depression to mortality in adults with and without HIV infection is unclear. We hypothesized that depression increases mortality risk and that this association is stronger among those with HIV infection.MethodsVeterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) data were analysed from the first clinic visit on or after 1 April 2003 (baseline) to 30 September 2015. Depression definitions were: (1) major depressive disorder defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) codes; (2) depressive symptoms defined as Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)‐9 scores ≥ 10. The outcome was all‐cause mortality. Covariates were demographics, comorbid conditions and health behaviours.ResultsAmong 129 140 eligible participants, 30% had HIV infection, 16% had a major depressive disorder diagnosis, and 24% died over a median follow‐up time of 11 years. The death rate was 25.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 25.0–25.6] deaths per 1000 person‐years. Major depressive disorder was associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.04; 95% CI 1.01, 1.07]. This association was modified by HIV status (interaction P‐value = 0.02). In HIV‐stratified analyses, depression was significantly associated with mortality among HIV‐uninfected veterans but not among those with HIV infection. Among those with PHQ‐9 data (n = 7372), 50% had HIV infection, 22% had PHQ‐9 scores ≥ 10, and 28% died over a median follow‐up time of 12 years. The death rate was 27.3 (95% CI 26.1–28.5) per 1000 person‐years. Depressive symptoms were associated with mortality (HR 1.16; 95% CI 1.04, 1.28). This association was modified by HIV status (interaction P‐value = 0.05). In HIV‐stratified analyses, depressive symptoms were significantly associated with mortality among veterans with HIV infection but not among those without HIV infection.ConclusionsDepression was associated with all‐cause mortality. This association was modified by HIV status and method of depression ascertainment.
Missed opportunities to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV in Italy
Authors: Di Biagio A , Taramasso L , Gustinetti G , Burastero G , Giacomet V , La Rovere D , Genovese O , Giaquinto C , Rampon O , Carloni I , Hyppolite TK , Palandri L , Bernardi S , Bruzzese E , Badolato R , Gabiano C , Chiappini E , De Martino M , Galli L ,   The Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesVertical transmission of HIV can be effectively controlled through antenatal screening, antiretroviral treatment and the services provided during and after childbirth for mother and newborn. In Italy, the National Health Service guarantees universal access to prenatal care for all women, including women with HIV infection. Despite this, children are diagnosed with HIV infection every year. The aim of the study was to identify missed opportunities for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV.MethodsThe Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children, which was started in 1985 and involves 106 hospitals throughout the country, collects data on all new cases of HIV infection in children. For this analysis, we reviewed the database for the period 2005 to 2015.ResultsWe found 79 HIV‐1‐infected children newly diagnosed after birth in Italy. Thirty‐two of the mothers were Italian. During the pregnancy, only 15 of 19 women with a known HIV diagnosis were treated with antiretroviral treatment, while, of 34 women who had received an HIV diagnosis before labour began, only 23 delivered by caesarean section and 17 received intrapartum prophylaxis. In 25 mothers, HIV infection was diagnosed during pregnancy or in the peripartum period. Thirty‐one newborns received antiretroviral prophylaxis and 39 received infant formula.ConclusionsWe found an unacceptable number of missed opportunities to prevent mother‐to‐child transmission (MCTC). Eliminating HIV MTCT is a universal World Health Organization goal. Elucidating organization failures in Italy over the past decade should help to improve early diagnosis and to reach the zero transmission target in newborns.
Routine screening for HIV, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in individuals undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Assoumou L , Thormann F , Soulié C , Caby F , Dudoit Y , Marcelin A‐G , Goudot P , Blanc C , Coriat P , Katlama C , Costagliola D , Pourcher V 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesGiven the effectiveness of treatment of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, there are considerable benefits associated with determining HIV/HBV/HCV status. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of systematic screening and subsequent care in an oral and maxillofacial surgery department.MethodsThe anaesthesiologists proposed screening for HIV, HBV and HCV to all individuals of unknown infection status undergoing surgery between 19 April 2016 and 19 April 2017. The endpoints were the rates of test offer, acceptance/refusal and new diagnoses. Seropositive individuals were referred to infectious disease specialists. Associations between age, sex or surgery type and test offer (eligible individuals) or acceptance/refusal (those offered testing) were investigated.ResultsOf the 1407 individuals attending the department, 1322 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Testing was proposed to 899 individuals [68%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 65–71%], 831 of whom accepted the offer (92.4%; 95% CI 90.5–94.1%). Results were obtained for 787 individuals (41 samples were uncollected and three were invalid). Age was the only factor associated with test offer in multivariable analysis [odds ratio (OR) 0.90; 95% CI 0.84–0.97, per additional 10 years], and no factor was associated with acceptance. Of the five, three and eight individuals testing positive for HIV, HBV and HCV, four, two and one patient, respectively, reported prior knowledge of seropositivity. The new diagnosis rate was 0.13% (95% CI 0–0.7%) for HIV and HBV, and 0.89% (95% CI 0.36–1.82%) for HCV [three positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests]. All individuals newly diagnosed with HIV or HCV infection received specific antiviral treatment.ConclusionsRates of screening offer and acceptance were high. Substantial screening resources are required to decrease the impact of the hidden epidemics of HIV, HBV and HCV infections.
Association of Sensory and Cognitive Impairment With Healthcare Utilization and Cost in Older Adults
Authors: Deardorff William James , Liu Phillip L. , Sloane Richard , Van Houtven Courtney , Pieper Carl F. , Hastings Susan Nicole , Cohen Harvey J. , Whitson Heather E. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVESTo examine the association between self‐reported vision impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), and dual‐sensory impairment (DSI), stratified by dementia status, on hospital admissions, hospice use, and healthcare costs.DESIGNRetrospective analysis.SETTINGMedicare Current Beneficiary Survey from 1999 to 2006.PARTICIPANTSRotating panel of community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries, aged 65 years and older (N = 24 009).MEASUREMENTSVI and HI were ascertained by self‐report. Dementia status was determined by self‐report or diagnosis codes in claims data. Primary outcomes included any inpatient admission over a 2‐year period, hospice use over a 2‐year period, annual Medicare fee‐for‐service costs, and total healthcare costs (which included information from Medicare claims data and other self‐reported payments).RESULTSSelf‐reported DSI was present in 30.2% (n = 263/871) of participants with dementia and 17.8% (n = 4112/23 138) of participants without dementia. In multivariable logistic regression models, HI, VI, or DSI was generally associated with increased odds of hospitalization and hospice use regardless of dementia status. In a generalized linear model adjusted for demographics, annual total healthcare costs were greater for those with DSI and dementia compared to those with DSI without dementia ($28 875 vs $3340, respectively). Presence of any sensory impairment was generally associated with higher healthcare costs. In a model adjusted for demographics, Medicaid status, and chronic medical conditions, DSI compared with no sensory impairment was associated with a small, but statistically significant, difference in total healthcare spending in those without dementia ($1151 vs $1056; P < .001) but not in those with dementia ($11 303 vs $10 466; P = .395).CONCLUSIONOlder adults with sensory and cognitive impairments constitute a particularly prevalent and vulnerable population who are at increased risk of hospitalization and contribute to higher healthcare spending. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1617–1624, 2019
Combination therapy using subcision, needling, and platelet‐rich plasma in the management of grade 4 atrophic acne scars: A pilot study
Authors: Bhargava Shashank , Kroumpouzos George , Varma Krishnendra , Kumar Ujjwal 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundMultimodality therapies including minimally invasive modalities are increasingly used in atrophic scarring.ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) as adjunctive therapy to a combined subcision and needling treatment in severe (grade 4) atrophic acne scarring.MethodsA total of 30 patients with grade 4 acne scars were randomly divided into two groups, 15 patients each: Group A underwent three sequential treatments of subcision and needling while Group B, three sequential treatments of subcision, needling, and topical application of PRP that were performed at 3‐week intervals. Scar grading was assessed 3 months following the final session. Participant's assessment of treatment response was registered.ResultsScar improvement ≥50% was reported significantly more often by Group B than Group A patients (P = 0.025). Regarding physician‐based assessment of scar grading post‐therapy (number of patients with two grades improvement vs one grade or no improvement), there was a trend toward more improvement in Group B (P = 0.195). Physician's evaluation of acne scar improvement correlated with the patient's assessment of improvement: 60% of Group A and 66.6% of Group B patients appreciated an improvement of 25%‐49% and 50%‐74%, respectively. Mean duration of postprocedure erythema/edema was shorter among Group B than Group A patients (16.1 vs 32.9 hours, respectively). Overall, substantial improvement was noticed in rolling and boxcar scars with only a mild change in icepick scars.ConclusionPlatelet‐rich plasma appears to add to the improvement of grade 4 atrophic acne scars when combined with needling and subcision. These findings require further evaluation by future studies.
Increase in the number of patients diagnosed using the new classification of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Japan
Authors: Mayama Michinori , Morikawa Mamoru , Umazume Takeshi , Nakagawa Kinuko , Hosokawa Ami , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Chiba Kentaro , Kawaguchi Satoshi , Watari Hidemichi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine how the number of patients diagnosed with pre‐eclampsia increased according to the Japanese classification of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) that was revised in 2018. The effect of new classification on perinatal outcomes was also analyzed.MethodsWe enrolled 181 women with HDP who delivered at Hokkaido University Hospital between February 2011 and December 2017. All women were reclassified on the basis of the new classification, in which proteinuria was not required to diagnose pre‐eclampsia in patients with maternal organ damage. The number and reasons of reclassification and the admission rate to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and gestational age (GA) at the onset of HDP and at delivery were analyzed.ResultsIn this cohort, 17 (9.4%) of 181 women with HDP were reclassified. Low platelet count (41.2%) and uteroplacental dysfunction (41.2%) were the two main causes for reclassification. GA at the onset of HDP (33.6 [29.9–36.1] weeks vs 37.4 [35.7–38.4] weeks; P < 0.001) and at delivery (35.9 [32.4–37.3] weeks vs 38.1 [37.3–39.6] weeks; P < 0.001) were significantly earlier in women with reclassification than women without reclassification. The NICU admission rate was higher in women with reclassification than women without reclassification (70.6% vs 20.4%; P < 0.001).ConclusionAlmost 10% of pregnant women were newly diagnosed with pre‐eclampsia as per the new Japanese classification of HDP. Women with reclassification as pre‐eclampsia had a greater risk of preterm delivery and NICU admission than those who were not reclassified.
Patient‐Specific, Risk‐Based Prevention, Maintenance, and Supportive Care: A Need for Action and Innovation in Education
Authors: Afshari Fatemeh S. , Campbell Stephen D. , Curtis Donald A. , Garcia Lily T. , Knoernschild Kent L. , Yuan Judy Chia‐Chun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo develop a competency‐based curriculum framework for prevention, supportive care, and maintenance for use in educational and patient care programs and to seek consensus on an overarching competency statement that embraces these critical learning and patient care concepts.Materials and MethodsA preliminary survey of current preventive and maintenance practices in U.S. dental and prosthodontic programs was completed and summarized with quantitative analysis. The American College of Prosthodontists organized a one‐day consensus workshop with 14 participants from various U.S. dental schools with diverse backgrounds to develop a curriculum framework. The curriculum framework was used in the development of a joint competency statement using an iterative, online consensus process of debate and feedback.ResultsThe preliminary survey helped frame the initiative and identify potential educational needs and gaps. Consensus was achieved for a recommended competency statement: “Graduates must be competent in promoting oral health through risk assessment, diagnosis, prevention, and management of the hard tissue, soft tissue, and prostheses, and as part of professional recall and home maintenance.” This competency statement complements the proposed curriculum framework designed around 3 domains—caries prevention, periodontal supportive care, and prosthesis supportive care—with a set of recommended learning objectives.ConclusionsCommission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) learning standards do not outline patient‐customized, evidence‐based recall and home maintenance programs that highlight prevention of dental caries, periodontal supportive care, prosthesis maintenance, and patient education. The proposed competency‐based curricular framework serves as an initial step in addressing student learning and patient care within the context of a recall system and home maintenance program while offering schools the needed flexibility for implementation within their curriculum.
Intra‐arterial renal infusion of autologous mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of chronic kidney disease in cats: Phase I clinical trial
Authors: Thomson Abigail L. , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick , Langston Catherine E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are no known treatments that halt or reverse chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. In rodent models, stem cell treatment has been associated with improvement in renal function parameters, especially when stem cells were delivered intra‐arterially to the kidney. To date, only IV and intrarenal stem cell infusions have been studied in cats with CKD with no clinically relevant improvement noted.ObjectiveTo assess the safety and feasibility of intra‐arterial delivery of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) to the kidney in cats with CKD.AnimalsFive client‐owned domestic cats with International Renal Interest Society stage III CKD.MethodsProspective cohort study (phase I clinical trial). Adipose tissue was harvested from study animals on day 0. On days 2 and 14, an infusion of MSC in SVF was administered into the renal artery via the femoral or carotid artery using fluoroscopic guidance. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentration, plasma iohexol clearance, and quality of life assessments were monitored between days 0 and 90.ResultsThe procedure was performed successfully in all cats. No severe adverse events were observed in any cat during the study period.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIntra‐arterial infusion of MSC into the renal artery in CKD cats was feasible and safe within a 3‐month postoperative period. Efficacy and long‐term safety have yet to be established. This procedure requires careful technique and training.
Colour plumage polymorphism in the Booted Eagle: inheritance pattern and temporal stability of the morph frequencies
Authors: Bosch J. , Mestre J. , Baiges C. , Martínez J. E. , Calvo J. F. , Jiménez‐Franco M. V. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractColour polymorphism occurs in several animal taxa and in around 3.5% of bird species. This phenomenon is disproportionately high in raptors, affecting approximately 30% of species. However, there are only four research studies in wildAccipitridaespecies and two inFalconidaespecies on colour plumage polymorphism. Here, we used the data collected over 23 years (1995‐2017) for non‐tagged individuals of three Spanish Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) populations in order to evaluate the stability of morph frequencies during the study period, also for each sex and between sexes, and also the inheritance pattern of colour plumage polymorphism. Our results showed that morph ratios appeared stable over time and between sexes. In one of the studied populations, we found a biased proportion between dark males and dark females, with very few dark males. Our results suggest that this species follows the typical Mendelian inheritance pattern, the light allele being dominant, for which we propose a system involving two loci with epistasis and two alleles per loci. This system would explain all the cases of colour morphs observed in our studied populations and also that described in the main raptor identification guides. Although our results showed no sex‐linked morph inheritance, the offspring produced in mixed pairs with light males and dark females appear significantly linked to the colour morph of the female with a ratio 1:1.49 light/dark, contrarily to the ratio of 4.35:1 predicted by the Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium equation. This fact suggests a transmission ratio distortion (TRD) phenomenon in heterozygous light morph males. Further investigation using molecular genetic markers will be necessary to check the genotypes of breeding adults and their offspring to confirm the inheritance mechanisms operating in this species.
Oviposition behaviour by a spider‐ectoparasitoid, Zatypota maculata, exploits the specialized prey capture technique of its spider host
Authors: Takasuka K. , Matsumoto R. , Maeto K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOviposition on or into a living animal is an arduous undertaking for parasitoids, including in terms of counterattack or evasion by the host. Parasitoids of active spiders protected by their own webs (polysphinctine spider‐ectoparasitoids in the family Ichneumonidae) need to avoid entanglement with the spider's web to gain access to the spider host for oviposition. These circumstances have driven the evolution of offensive behaviours highly adapted to the web architecture of each spider host. We discovered offensive oviposition behaviour in a member of the Polysphincta‐group, Zatypota maculata, parasitizing a theridiid spider, Nihonhimea japonica, which constructs a ‘knockdown 3D web’. It consists of a non‐viscid 3D structure above, with a retreat (a dead leaf) hung at the centre, and a non‐viscid sheet below as a capturing device. When a prey insect is knocked down and then trapped by the sheet, the spider immediately drops onto the underside of the sheet by penetrating it to bite and wrap the prey. Zatypota maculata exhibits two behaviours to deal with this type of web: (1) the wasp climbs the 3D cobweb, creeps up slowly onto the spider's retreat, taking a long time so that the spider does not escape, and finally enters the retreat to sting the spider (creeping‐style); (2) the wasp dives from outside of the web onto the sheet, as a knocked‐down prey item would, to lure the spider out, before stinging it at the moment of contact (diving‐style). We discuss these unique offensive behaviours and compare them with behaviours of other polysphinctines and spider‐hunting aculeates. Ovicide by means of removal of pre‐existing eggs was also observed under experimental conditions.
Elevated urinary bisphenol A levels are associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults in the United States
Authors: Kim Donghee , Yoo Eric R. , Li Andrew A. , Cholankeril George , Tighe Sean P. , Kim Won , Harrison Stephen A. , Ahmed Aijaz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe relationship between bisphenol A (BPA) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is undefined. We studied the impact of BPA on NAFLD.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005‐2014 among adults in the United States (US). NAFLD was diagnosed using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI) and the US fatty liver index (USFLI) in the absence of other causes of chronic liver diseases. The first sample using HSI consisted of 7605 adults. The second sample using USFLI consisted of 3631 participants with availability of fasting data.ResultsOf the first 7605 participants (mean age 47 years, 48.4% male), the prevalence of NAFLD and abnormally elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels was correlated with urinary BPA levels (P < 0.05). Compared to the reference group with lowest quartile of urinary BPA levels, those with the third and fourth quartiles were 81% and 53% more likely to develop NAFLD defined by HSI. In a multivariate model, the ORs for NAFLD in the third and fourth quartiles were 1.69 (95% CI 1.39‐2.04) and 1.44 (95% CI 1.19‐1.76) respectively (P for trend <0.001). In the second sample using USFLI, high BPA levels (fourth quartile) remained an independent predictor of NAFLD (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.05‐1.98, P for trend = 0.012).ConclusionsHigh levels of urinary BPA were associated with NAFLD in a nationally representative sample of adults in the US. The pathophysiology remains unclear and warrants further investigation.