bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missed opportunities for DCD kidney donors: Evaluation of warm ischemic time and associated functional warm ischemic time
Authors: Law Jeffrey , Hornby Karen , Payne Clare , Sener Alp , Luke Patrick P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionMany transplant centers utilize a hard cutoff of 2 hours of warm ischemic time (WIT), defined as the time from withdrawal of life‐sustaining measures to cold organ flush, to exclude donation after circulatory determination of death (DCD) kidney donation. As a result, almost a quarter of withdrawals to retrieve DCD organs fail to produce kidney transplants in Ontario. In order to assess our ability to increase organ yield, we wanted to characterize WIT and functional WIT (fWIT, time from systolic blood pressure <50 mm Hg to cold organ flush), as well as determine the time at which potential donors eventually die in those that did not become organ donors.MethodsA retrospective review of all DCD kidney donors in Ontario was performed utilizing the Trillium Gift of Life Database from April 2013 to February 2018.ResultsOf 350 DCD kidney donors analyzed, 46.9% had < 0.5 hours, 51.7% between 0.5 and 2 hours, and 1.4% >2 hours of WIT. In each of these categories (WIT <0.5 hours, 0.5‐2 hours and >2 hours), the percentage of patients with fWIT <30 minutes was 100%, 94.4%, and 100%, respectively (P = NS). There were 106 potential donors who did not end up donating due to WIT >2 hours. Of these, 20.8% died between 2 and 4 hours, 10.4% between 4 and 6 hours, and 68.8% beyond 6 hours.DiscussionThe percentage of donors with fWIT >30 minutes did not increase with increasing WIT in DCD donors that went on to donate organs. These data support assessment of waiting up to 4 hours for DCD kidney donation as long as fWIT remains low.
Different outcomes after kidney transplantation between African Americans and Whites: A matter of income? A single‐center study
Authors: Arvelakis Antonios , Lerner Susan , Wadhera Vikram , Delaney Veronica , Ames Scott , Benvenisty Alan , Sehgal Vinita , Bhansali Arjun , De Boccardo Graciela , Sun Eric , Florman Sander , Shapiro Ron 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOur center has one of the largest representations of African Americans in listed and transplanted patients. We investigated if and how racial differences affect outcomes in our patient population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all kidney transplants in African American and (non‐Hispanic) White patients in our center from 1/1/2005 to 12/31/2014. Cox regression was performed to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratios for graft loss. We investigated the influence of socioeconomic status on transplant outcomes. We stratified our patients into three groups based on income: lower (<$50 000 annual household income), medium ($50 000‐100 000 annual household income), and higher (>$100 000 annual household income.ResultsThere were 1333 patients in our study, 696 Whites and 637 African Americans. The 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year graft survival between the two groups was 96.5% vs 91.1%, 89% vs 80.7%, and 77% vs 66.3%, respectively (P < .001 by Log Rank, Breslow and Taron‐Ware). When we compared the two groups separately in each income category, we found no statistical difference between African Americans and Whites in graft survival. In the regression model, income and not race was the significant factor influencing graft survival (P < .001 vs P = .61).
Chile's Export Diversification since 1960: A Free Market Miracle or Mirage?
Authors: Lebdioui Amir 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTConventional wisdom has proclaimed Chile's recent economic development a ‘free market miracle’. In an examination of Chile's export diversification experience, this article departs from that view. By analysing the dynamics underlying the emergence of the salmon, fruit, forestry and wine sectors in Chile's export basket since the 1960s, the study sheds light on the crucial role of industrial policy in the process of capability accumulation that shapes new industries. The article undertakes a qualitative historical analysis of the scope and nature of policy interventions in each of the four sectors and conducts a quantitative policy evaluation using the difference‐in‐difference method. It finds that public institutions are essential in overcoming market failures inhibiting the emergence of new industries. Specifically, it shows that the government has a key role to play as a catalyst of human capital accumulation, as a venture capitalist, in trade promotion, and in ensuring ‘national’ sector reputation through a strong regulatory and quality control role. By elaborating on the dynamic process of structural transformation and capability accumulation, this article contributes to theoretical debates on the role of vertical policies in the emergence of new competitive sectors, and debates relating to static versus dynamic approaches to comparative advantage.
Elevated temperatures alter an ant‐aphid mutualism
Authors: Mooney Emily , Davidson Benjamin , Den Uyl James , Mullins Maria , Medina Eva , Nguyen Phuong , Owens Janel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnt‐hemipteran mutualisms are keystone interactions that can be variously affected by warming: these mutualisms can be strengthened or weakened, or the species can transition to new mutualist partners. We examined the effects of elevated temperatures on an ant‐aphid mutualism in the subalpine zone of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, USA. In this system, inflorescences of the host plant, Ligusticum porteri Coult. & Rose (Apiaceae), are colonized by the ant‐tended aphid Aphis asclepiadis Fitch or less frequently by the non‐ant tended aphid Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli) (both Hemiptera: Aphididae). Using an 8‐year observational study, we tested for two key mechanisms by which ant‐hemipteran mutualisms may be altered by climate change: shifts in species identity and phenological mismatch. Whereas the aphid species colonizing the host plant is not changing in response to year‐to‐year variation in temperature, we found evidence that a phenological mismatch between ants and aphids could occur. In warmer years, colonization of host plant inflorescences by ants is decreased, whereas for A. asclepiadis aphids, host plant colonization is mostly responsive to date of snowmelt. We also experimentally established A. asclepiadis colonies on replicate host plants at ambient and elevated temperatures. Ant abundance did not differ between aphid colonies at ambient vs. elevated temperatures, but ants were less likely to engage in tending behaviors on aphid colonies at elevated temperatures. Sugar composition of aphid honeydew was also altered by experimental warming. Despite reduced tending by ants, aphid colonies at elevated temperatures had fewer intraguild predators. Altogether, our results suggest that higher temperatures may disrupt this ant‐aphid mutualism through both phenological mismatch and by altering benefits exchanged in the interaction.
Lateral position preference in grazing feral horses
Authors: Inoue Sota , Yamamoto Shinya , Ringhofer Monamie , Mendonça Renata S. , Hirata Satoshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBehavioural lateralisation is an effective way for animals to manage daily tasks by specialising behaviour to either side of the body. Many types of lateralisation are linked to the function of each brain hemisphere. Lateralisation of monitoring behaviour in mother–infant relationships occurs in a wide range of mammals, where infants frequently use their left eye to monitor their mother. However, few studies have focused on this type of spatial relationships among adults in daily life, such as during foraging. The present study focused on monitoring adult feral horse behaviour using quantitative analysis of spatial relationships, using drone technology. We found that horses form a localised spatial relationship with their nearest neighbour. Specifically, the nearest neighbour was located to the left rear of a target individual significantly more frequently than to the right rear. Furthermore, the nearest neighbour was less frequently located behind a target individual. We propose that this relationship is caused by a left‐eye preference, because information via the left eye predominantly proceeds to the right hemisphere, which is dominant for social processing.
Sparing the gut: COX‐2 inhibitors herald a new era for treatment of horses with surgical colic
Authors: Ziegler A. L. , Blikslager A. T. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to manage a wide variety of conditions in horses, including management of colic. Flunixin meglumine is by far the most commonly used drug in the control of colic pain and inflammation and has become a go‐to for not only veterinarians but also horse‐owners and nonmedical equine professionals. NSAID use, however, has always been controversial in critical cases due to a high risk of adverse effects associated with their potent cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) inhibition. There are two important COX isoenzymes: COX‐1 is generally beneficial for normal renal and gastrointestinal functions and COX‐2 is associated with the pain and inflammation of disease. Newer selective NSAIDs can target COX‐2‐driven pathology while sparing important COX‐1‐driven physiology, which is of critical importance in horses with severe gastrointestinal disease. Emerging research suggests that firocoxib, a COX‐2‐selective NSAID labelled for use in horses, may be preferable for use in colic cases in spite of the decades‐long dogma that flunixin saves lives.
Atrial premature depolarisations five days post electrical cardioversion are related to atrial fibrillation recurrence risk in horses
Authors: Vernemmen I. , De Clercq D. , Decloedt A. , Vera L. , Van Steenkiste G. , van Loon G. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe number of atrial premature depolarisations (APDs) is a known risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in humans.ObjectivesTo evaluate if the number of APDs over a 24‐h period 5 days post cardioversion predicts AF recurrence within 1 year in horses, taking the multifactorial nature of AF into account.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsEighty horses met these inclusion criteria: first AF episode, no AF recurrence within 5 days post cardioversion, cardioversion by transvenous electrical cardioversion (TVEC), 24‐h ECG recording and echocardiographic examination 5 days post cardioversion, no antiarrhythmic treatment during the ECG recording and follow‐up of minimum 1 year. To compare the APD burden between the recurrence and non‐recurrence group a Mann–Whitney U test was used. A multivariable survival model was built to identify additional risk factors for AF recurrence.ResultsThe patient population mainly consisted of Warmbloods (93%). Twenty‐six horses (33%) experienced AF recurrence within 1 year. The number of APDs (median [range]) was significantly higher (P = 0.01) in the recurrence group (15 [1–152]) compared with the non‐recurrence group (7 [0–304]). In the multivariable survival model, APDs ≥25/24 h (hazard ratio [HR] 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–6.8, P = 0.02), mitral regurgitation (HR 8.6, 95% CI 2.6–28.9, P<0.001), left atrial active fractional area change ≤9.6% (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.0–6.5, P = 0.04) and lower body weight (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–0.99, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with AF recurrence.Main limitationsThis study did not evaluate early AF recurrence within 5 days. The results cannot necessarily be extrapolated to other treatment methods, as only horses converted by TVEC were included.ConclusionsThe APD burden 5 days post cardioversion could be a useful predictive value for AF recurrence within 1 year in horses. However, other factors such as mitral regurgitation and atrial contractile function must also be taken into account.
Transporter membrane traffic and function: lessons from a mould
Authors: Diallinas George , Martzoukou Olga 
Published: October 2019

Transporters are essential transmembrane proteins that mediate the selective translocation of solutes, ions or drugs across biological membranes. Their function is related to cell nutrition, communication, stress resistance and homeostasis. Consequently, their malfunction is associated with genetic or metabolic diseases and drug sensitivity or resistance. A distinctive characteristic of transporters is their cotranslational translocation and folding in a membrane bilayer, this being the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes or the cell membrane in prokaryotes. In the former case, transporters exit the ER packed in secretory vesicles and traffic via seemingly unconventional, rather than Golgi‐dependent, sorting routes to their final destination, the plasma membrane (PM). Proper folding is a prerequisite for ER exit and further trafficking. Misfolded transporters, either due to mutations, high temperature of chemical agents (e.g. DMSO, DTT) are blocked in the ER. The accumulation of ER‐retained transporters, in most cases, elicits endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation, but also ubiquitination‐dependent, chaperone‐mediated, selective autophagy. The function of PM transporters is finely regulated at the cellular level, in response to physiological or stress signals that promote, via α‐arrestin‐assisted ubiquitination, their endocytosis and vacuolar/lysosomal degradation, and in some cases recycling to the PM. Importantly, transporter oligomerization and specific interactions with membrane lipids are emerging as important players in transporter expression, function and turnover. This review discusses how paradigmatic work on transporters of a model mould, Aspergillus nidulans, has contributed to novel findings related to transporter functioning in eukaryotes.
Comparative study on physiological response characteristics of white clover to chloride salt and calcium‐magnesium acetate (CMA) deicing agents under freeze–thaw stress
Authors: Bian Wenjie , Bao Guozhang , Liao Jiafen , Zhang Qian , Chen Weiwei , Guan Shimei , Zhu Mengdan , Zhu Saning , Li Haiyi , Ding Xuemei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe application of deicing agents often coincides with freeze–thaw (FT); however, the physiological effects of the sodium chloride deicing agent and concentrated calcium‐magnesium acetate (CMA) deicing agent on plants in the FT environment are not well investigated. To explore the physiological response characteristics of white clover seedlings under different kinds of deicing agents and FT stress, the changes in the content of total soluble protein, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) of white clover seedlings were determined under the simulated stress of FT and deicing agent (DA). The results indicated that the soluble protein content in the white clover seedlings decreased, whereas the contents of MDA and soluble sugar, and the activities of SOD and POD increased under the FT stress. In the FT cycle, the content of soluble sugar under single FT stress, and the activities of SOD and POD of the three FT groups all showed a negative correlation with temperature. The MDA showed a significant correlation with other indicators, and the correlations among the other above physiological indexes were not significant (p < 0.05). The combined stress of FT + DA can cause increased plant damage, such as lipid peroxidation and osmotic potential imbalance. As an environmentally friendly DA, concentrated CMA was less harmful to plants than sodium chloride DA, but still brought damage to plants inevitably. Our results and corresponding discussion highlight the new findings on the effects of two kinds of deicing agents on plants under FT stress.
Productivity and quality of whole crop rice varieties in relation to plant components
Authors: Kim Jong Geun , Park Byung‐Chul , Liu Chang , Zhao Guo Qiang , Kim Hak Jin , Ahn Eok Keun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo expand the use of whole crop rice (WCR), accurate information on the nutritional value of newly developed varieties is required. We cultivated three new WCR varieties (Oryza sativacv. Suweon 605, Yeongwoo and Mogwoo) developed by the National Institute of Crop Science in the southern Korean Peninsula and evaluated their feed value (crude protein, CP; acid detergent fiber, ADF; neutral detergent fiber, NDF; in vitro dry matter digestibility, IVDMD; total digestible nutrients, TDN; and relative feed value, RFV) and functional materials (β‐carotene and α‐tocopherol).Oryza sativacv. Suweon 605 showed the earliest heading date and Yeongwoo the highest dry matter (DM) yield; however, there were no significant differences among varieties (p > 0.05) in DM yield. The CP content was highest in Mogwoo, and higher in leaves and grains than in stems.Oryza sativacv. Suweon 605 had the lowest ADF and NDF contents but the highest TDN and RFV. The grain nutrient value changed drastically in all varieties by 10 days after heading. The grain ratio was highest inOryza sativacv. Suweon 605 at 65.6% and lowest in Mogwoo at 12.3%. The leaf β‐carotene content was 7–15 times higher than that in stems and grains, and this increase was higher in Yeongwoo (66.25 mg/kg) than those of all other measured objectives in this experiment (p < 0.05). Similar trends were observed in α‐tocopherol content. Based on these results,Oryza sativacv. Suweon 605 is recommended in terms of feed value and Yeongwoo is recommended for its high productivity. Because the feed value changed rapidly by 10 days after heading, it is desirable to ensure a later harvest time. The effects of functional materials on livestock performance require further study.
Are the Internet users concerned about molar incisor hypomineralization? An infoveillance study
Authors: Aguirre Patricia Estefania Ayala , Strieder Anna Paola , Lotto Matheus , Oliveira Thaís Marchini , Rios Daniela , Cruvinel Agnes Fátima Pereira , Cruvinel Thiago 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMolar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect characterized by well‐demarcated discolorations frequently detected in molars, causing pain and esthetic alterations.AimTo assess the interests of Google users on MIH‐related information.DesignDigital data were collected in Google Trends through two search strategies, ‘molar incisor hypomineralization’ (topic) and ‘MIH’ (search term), between January 2004 and November 2018. ARIMA models were applied to analyze trends of curves and to predict the activity of Google users during 12 months. Autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation (ACF/PACF) plots were used to detect trends in the variation of relative search volume (RSV) related to search strategies over time. The most popular queries were analyzed qualitatively, whereas geographical heat maps were retrieved to determine search volumes according to countries (P < .05).ResultsGradual increasing trends were detected, with forecasts indicating similar levels of RSVs to the period between December 2017 and November 2018. Most popular queries and topics were associated with MIH diagnosis, being retrieved predominantly in European countries.ConclusionsThe activity of Google users related to this condition is maintained low, with a reduced intensification over time, suggesting that the awareness on MIH is probably confined to dentists and affected people worldwide.
Wetting behavior and brazing of titanium‐coated SiC ceramics using Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu filler
Authors: Song Xiaoguo , Chen Zubin , Hu Shengpeng , Duan Xiaokang , Lei Yuzhen , Niu Chaonan , Feng Jicai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBy coating active titanium, Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu (SAC) filler wetted SiC effectively, as the contact angle decreased significantly from ~145° to ~10°. Ti3SiC2 and TiOx (x ≤ 1) reaction layers were formed at the droplet/SiC interface, leading to the reduction of contact angle. Reliable brazing of SiC was achieved using titanium deposition at 900°C for 10 minutes, and the typical interfacial microstructure of Ti‐coated SiC/SAC was SiC/TiOx + Ti3SiC2/Sn(s,s). Comparing to direct brazing, Ti–Sn compounds in the brazing seam were effectively reduced and the mechanical property of joints was dramatically improved by titanium coating. The optimal average shear strength of SiC joints reached 25.3 MPa using titanium coating‐ assisted brazing, which was ∼62% higher than that of SiC brazed joints using SAC‐Ti filler directly.
Quantitative estimation of crystallization kinetics in GeGaS and Au‐doped GeGaS glass‐ceramics
Authors: Chen Yimin , Li Qiuli , Yang Zhen , Shen Xiang , Wang Xunsi , Wang Rongping , Zhang Mingjie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGe26.7Ga8S65.3 (GGS) and 0.1% Au‐doped Ge26.7Ga8S65.3 (GGS‐Au) glasses were prepared and annealed at a temperature that is 20 K higher than their respective glass transition temperature in order to create chalcogenide glass‐ceramics. X‐ray diffraction results showed that, thermal annealing can induce large amount of the crystal growth in the pure glass but this can be significantly suppressed by Au doping in the glass, which is in agreement with the previous results. We further employed various calorimetric methods, together with Mauro‐Yue‐Ellison‐Gupta‐Allan viscosity model, to investigate their crystallization kinetics. The crystal growth rate at annealing temperature of 723 K was quantitatively deduced to be 2.5 × 10−8 μm/s in Au‐doped GGS, which is about 20 times slower than that in the pure GGS with a growth rate of 4.7 × 10−7 μm/s.
Low loss and tailored high‐frequency performances of BaO‐doped NiZnCo magneto‐dielectric ferrites
Authors: Zheng Zongliang , Wu Xu , Feng Quanyuan , Harris Vincent G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpinel ferrite ceramics of nominal composition Ni0.5Zn0.3Co0.2Fe2O4 (NiZnCo) with various BaO doping were successfully synthesized for applications as novel high‐frequency magneto‐dielectric materials. The influences of BaO doping on the crystal phase, density, microstructure, and magnetic and dielectric performances in the frequency range of 0.1 to 5 GHz were systematically studied. It is revealed that the doped Ba2+ ions aggregate to the grain‐boundary regions and lead to the formation of BaFe2O4 phase that significantly restrains the growth of NiZnCo ferrite grains. Correspondingly, permeability and permittivity are effectively tailored through the varied grain size and density, which is demonstrated by the magnetic circuit model and the modified effective medium theory proposed herein. As BaO content x = 1.2‐1.8 mol%, the NiZnCo ferrites reveal the excellent performance with almost equal values of μ′ and ε′, yielding a characteristic impedance to be nearly identical as that of free space over a wide frequency range of the VHF and UHF bands. Furthermore, the magnetic loss is effectively reduced at high frequencies, where the typical tan δμ at 0.5 GHz is decreased to ~0.043 with a reduction of up to 37% and the loss factor (tan δμ/μ′) is as low as ~0.006.