bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salt restriction lowers blood pressure at rest and during exercise without altering peripheral hemodynamics in hypertensive individuals
Authors: Ratchford Stephen M. , Broxterman Ryan M. , La Salle D. Taylor , Kwon Oh Sung , Park Song-Young , Hopkins Paul N. , Richardson Russell S. , Trinity Joel D. 
Published: October 2019

Dietary salt restriction is a well-established approach to lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular disease risk in hypertensive individuals. However, little is currently known regarding the effects of salt restriction on central and peripheral hemodynamic responses to exercise in those with hypertension. Therefore, this study sought to determine the impact of salt restriction on the central and peripheral hemodynamic responses to static-intermittent handgrip (HG) and dynamic single-leg knee extension (KE) exercise in individuals with hypertension. Twenty-two subjects (14 men and 8 women, 51 ± 10 yr, 173 ± 11 cm, 99 ± 23 kg) forewent their antihypertensive medication use for at least 2 wk before embarking on a 5-day liberal salt (LS: 200 mmol/day) diet followed by a 5-day restricted salt (RS: 10 mmol/day) diet. Subjects were studied at rest and during static intermittent HG exercise at 15, 30, and 45% of maximal voluntary contraction and KE exercise at 40, 60, and 80% of maximum KE work rate. Salt restriction lowered resting systolic blood pressure (supine: −12 ± 12 mmHg, seated: −17 ± 12 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (supine: −3 ± 9 mmHg, seated: −5 ± 7 mmHg, P < 0.05). Despite an ~8 mmHg lower mean arterial blood pressure during both HG and KE exercise following salt restriction, neither central nor peripheral hemodynamics were altered. Therefore, salt restriction can lower blood pressure during exercise in subjects with hypertension, reducing the risk of cardiovascular events, without impacting central and peripheral hemodynamics during either arm or leg exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine the potential blood pressure-lowering benefit of a salt-restrictive diet in individuals with hypertension without any deleterious effects of exercising blood flow. While mean arterial pressure decreased by ~8 mmHg following salt restriction, these findings provide evidence for salt restriction to provide protective effects of reducing blood pressure without inhibiting central or peripheral hemodynamics required to sustain arm or leg exercise in subjects with hypertension.
SUMO2 regulates vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Kim Young-Rae , Jacobs Julia S. , Li Qiuxia , Gaddam Ravinder Reddy , Vikram Ajit , Liu Jing , Kassan Modar , Irani Kaikobad , Kumar Santosh 
Published: October 2019

SUMOylation is a posttranslational modification of lysine residues. Modification of proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO)1, -2, and -3 can achieve varied, and often unique, physiological and pathological effects. We looked for SUMO2-specific effects on vascular endothelial function. SUMO2 expression was upregulated in the aortic endothelium of hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice and was responsible for impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in these mice. Moreover, overexpression of SUMO2 in aortas ex vivo, in cultured endothelial cells, and transgenically in the endothelium of mice increased vascular oxidative stress and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Conversely, inhibition of SUMO2 impaired physiological endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in normocholesterolemic mice. These findings indicate that while endogenous SUMO2 is important in maintenance of normal endothelium-dependent vascular function, its upregulation impairs vascular homeostasis and contributes to hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sumoylation is known to impair vascular function; however, the role of specific SUMOs in the regulation of vascular function is not known. Using multiple complementary approaches, we show that hyper-SUMO2ylation impairs vascular endothelial function and increases vascular oxidative stress, whereas endogenous SUMO2 is essential for maintenance of normal physiological function of the vascular endothelium.
Transspinal stimulation decreases corticospinal excitability and alters the function of spinal locomotor networks
Authors: Pulverenti Timothy S. , Islam Md. Anamul , Alsalman Ola , Murray Lynda M. , Harel Noam Y. , Knikou Maria 
Published: October 2019

Locomotion requires the continuous integration of descending motor commands and sensory inputs from the legs by spinal central pattern generator circuits. Modulation of spinal neural circuits by transspinal stimulation is well documented, but how transspinal stimulation affects corticospinal excitability during walking in humans remains elusive. We measured the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) at multiple phases of the step cycle conditioned with transspinal stimulation delivered at sub- and suprathreshold intensities of the spinally mediated transspinal evoked potential (TEP). Transspinal stimulation was delivered before or after transcranial magnetic stimulation during which summation between MEP and TEP responses in the surface EMG was absent or present. Relationships between MEP amplitude and background EMG activity, silent period duration, and phase-dependent EMG amplitude modulation during and after stimulation were also determined. Ankle flexor and extensor MEPs were depressed by suprathreshold transspinal stimulation when descending volleys were timed to interact with transspinal stimulation-induced motoneuron depolarization at the spinal cord. MEP depression coincided with decreased MEP gain, unaltered MEP threshold, and unaltered silent period duration. Locomotor EMG activity of bilateral knee and ankle muscles was significantly depressed during the step at which transspinal stimulation was delivered but fully recovered at the subsequent step. The results support a model in which MEP depression by transspinal stimulation occurs via subcortical or spinal mechanisms. Transspinal stimulation disrupts the locomotor output of flexor and extensor motoneurons initially, but the intact nervous system has the ability to rapidly overcome this pronounced locomotor adaptation. In conclusion, transspinal stimulation directly affects spinal locomotor centers in healthy humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lumbar transspinal stimulation decreases ankle flexor and extensor motor evoked potentials (MEPs) during walking. The MEP depression coincides with decreased MEP gain, unaltered MEP threshold changes, and unaltered silent period duration. These findings indicate that MEP depression is subcortical or spinal in origin. Healthy subjects could rapidly overcome the pronounced depression of muscle activity during the step at which transspinal stimulation was delivered. Thus, transspinal stimulation directly affects the function of spinal locomotor networks in healthy humans.
Histeropexia vs histerectomía para el tratamiento quirúrgico del prolapso genital: revisión sistemática
Authors: Romero Barra Paz , Viguera Torrealba Sebastián , Pineda Alarcón Rodrigo , MIranda Hermosilla Víctor 
Published: October 2019

Resumen: el prolapso de órganos pélvicos es una patología común a nivel mundial. El tratamiento quirúrgico generalmente incluye una histerectomía; sin embargo no existe consenso entre los especialistas sobre su real necesidad. Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios controlados randomizados que comparen histeropexia vs histerectomía, combinada con alguna técnica de corrección del prolapso y proporcionar recomendaciones clínicas. Materiales y Métodos: búsqueda electrónica en bases de datos Medline, Embase, Cochrane y Clinical Trials, desde su fecha de inicio hasta diciembre 2018 de estudios controlados randomizados que comparan histeropexia vs histerectomía con alguna técnica de reparación del prolapso, sin restricción de idioma. Resultados: se identificaron 339 abstracts utilizando las palabras claves. En base a título y resumen 23 estudios fueron seleccionados y de ellos 7 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La calidad de la evidencia fue moderada. Histeropexia tiene tasas de reintervención y recurrencia de prolapso similares a histerectomía con reparación apical. En cuantificación del prolapso utilizando POP-Q, histeropexia presenta un punto C más alto y mayor largo vaginal total que histerectomía. No encontramos diferencias significativas en cuanto a complicaciones entre ambas técnicas. Conclusión: histeropexia es una técnica segura, con tasas de éxito y reintervención por recurrencia similares a las de histerectomía con reparación apical. Sin embargo, faltan estudios con seguimiento más prolongado y de mejor calidad.
In vitro Inhibitory Effects of Cynaroside on Human Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
Authors: Wang Lei , Ma Xiuju , Wang Jing , Li Chang 
Published: October 2019

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Cynaroside is a biological component isolated from <i>Lonicera japonica</i> Thunb, and it possesses numerous pharmacological activities. However, whether cynaroside affects the activity of human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cynaroside on 8 major CYP isoforms in human liver microsomes (HLMs). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, the inhibitory effects of cynaroside on the 8 human liver CYP isoforms (i.e., 1A2, 3A4, 2A6, 2E1, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, and 2C8) were investigated in vitro using HLMs. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results showed that cynaroside inhibited the activity of CYP1A2, 3A4, and 2C9, with <i>IC</i><sub><i>50</i></sub> values of 21.74, 15.88, and 16.58 μmol/L, respectively, but that other CYP isoforms were not affected. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that cynaroside was not only a noncompetitive inhibitor of CYP3A4 but also a competitive inhibitor of CYP1A2 and 2C9, with <i>Ki</i> values of 7.33, 11.60, and 8.09 μmol/L, respectively. In addition, cynaroside is a time-dependent inhibitor for CYP3A4 with <i>K</i><sub><i>inact</i></sub>/<i>K</i><sub><i>I</i></sub> value of 0.049/11.62 μmol/L<sup>–1</sup>min<sup>–1</sup>. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The in vitro studies of cynaroside with CYP isoforms indicate that cynaroside has the potential to cause pharmacokinetic drug interactions with other coadministered drugs metabolized by CYP1A2, 3A4, and 2C9. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the significance of this interaction.
Impact of Procedural Bleeding in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Kansal Aman , Huang Zhen , Rockhold Frank W. , Baumgartner Iris , Berger Jeffrey S. , Blomster Juuso I. , Fowkes F. Gerry , Katona Brian , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Norgren Lars , Hiatt William R. , Patel Manesh R. , Jones W. Schuyler 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The relationship between invasive vascular procedures and bleeding in patients with peripheral artery disease has not been well described in the literature. This post hoc analysis from the EUCLID trial (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease) aimed to describe the incidence of major and minor postprocedural bleeding and characterize the timing and severity of bleeding events relative to the procedure.

Methods:
EUCLID was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of 13 885 patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease that tested the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel for the prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events. A total of 2661 patients underwent 3062 coronary revascularization, peripheral revascularization, and amputation during the study. The primary safety end point was Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major or minor bleeding. All bleeding events were formally adjudicated by a clinical end point classification group.

Results:
Major bleeding events most often occurred ≤7 days following the procedure. The incidence of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major or minor bleeding ≤7 days following peripheral revascularization (3.3%; 95% CI, 2.5%–4.1%) was similar to rates after coronary revascularization (4.0%; 95% CI, 2.6%–5.4%) and lower extremity amputation (2.3%; 95% CI, 0.8%–3.8%). The severity of bleeding events (as graded by drop in hemoglobin, need for transfusion, bleeding in a critical location, and fatal bleeding) was also similar following peripheral, coronary revascularization, and lower extremity amputation.

Conclusions:
The incidence of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction major/minor bleeding following peripheral revascularization is comparable to rates after coronary revascularization and lower extremity amputation, and the majority of bleeding events occur within 7 days following the procedure. The severity of periprocedural bleeding is also similar after procedures, with the most frequently adjudicated reason being a drop in hemoglobin ≥2 g/dL. Future studies should be performed to enhance our understanding of bleeding risk related to revascularization and amputation procedures in peripheral artery disease patients.
Association Between Active Commuting and Incident Cardiovascular Diseases in Chinese: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fan Mengyu , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Yang Songchun , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Huang Yuelong , Chen Biyun , Fan Lei , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Qi Lu , Li Liming ,   the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: October 2019

Background
Active commuting is related to a higher level of physical activity but more exposure to ambient air pollutants. With the rather serious air pollution in urban China, we aimed to examine the association between active commuting and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population.

Methods and Results

A total of 104 170 urban commuters without major chronic diseases at baseline were included from China Kadoorie Biobank. Self‐reported commuting mode was defined as nonactive commuting, work at home or near home, walking, and cycling. Multivariable Cox regression was used to examine associations between commuting mode and cardiovascular disease. Overall, 47.2% of the participants reported nonactive commuting, 13.4% reported work at home or work near home, 20.1% reported walking, and 19.4% reported cycling. During a median follow‐up of 10 years, we identified 5374 incidents of ischemic heart disease, 664 events of hemorrhagic stroke, and 4834 events of ischemic stroke. After adjusting for sex, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, sedentary time, body mass index, comorbidities, household air pollution, passive smoking, and other domain physical activity, walking (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95%
CI,
0.84–0.96) and cycling (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95%
CI,
0.74–0.88) were associated with a lower risk of ischemic heart disease than nonactive commuting. Cycling was associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95%
CI,
0.84–1.00). No significant association was found of walking or cycling with hemorrhagic stroke. The associations of commuting mode with major cardiovascular disease were consistent among men and women and across different levels of other domain physical activity.

Conclusions
In urban China, cycling was associated with a lower risk of ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke. Walking was associated with a lower risk of ischemic heart disease.
Age‐ and Lesion‐Related Comorbidity Burden Among US Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Agarwal Anushree , Thombley Robert , Broberg Craig S. , Harris Ian S. , Foster Elyse , Mahadevan Vaikom S. , John Anitha , Vittinghoff Eric , Marcus Greg M. , Dudley R. Adams 
Published: October 2019

Background

As patients with congenital heart disease (
CHD
) are living longer, understanding the comorbidities they develop as they age is increasingly important. However, there are no published population‐based estimates of the comorbidity burden among the US adult patients with CHD.

Methods and Results

Using the
IBM
MarketScan commercial claims database from 2010 to 2016, we identified adults aged ≥18 years with
CHD
and 2 full years of continuous enrollment. These were frequency matched with adults without
CHD
within categories jointly defined by age, sex, and dates of enrollment in the database. A total of 40 127 patients with CHD met the inclusion criteria (mean [
SD
] age, 36.8 [14.6] years; and 48.2% were women). Adults with
CHD
were nearly twice as likely to have any comorbidity than those without
CHD
(
P
<0.001). After adjusting for covariates, patients with CHD had a higher prevalence risk ratio for “previously recognized to be common in
CHD
” (risk ratio, 9.41; 95%
CI
, 7.99–11.1), “other cardiovascular” (risk ratio, 1.73; 95%
CI
, 1.66–1.80), and “noncardiovascular” (risk ratio, 1.47; 95%
CI
, 1.41–1.52) comorbidities. After adjusting for covariates and considering interaction with age, patients with severe
CHD
had higher risks of previously recognized to be common in
CHD
and lower risks of other cardiovascular comorbidities than age‐stratified patients with nonsevere
CHD
. For noncardiovascular comorbidities, the risk was higher among patients with severe than nonsevere
CHD
before, but not after, the age of 40 years.

Conclusions

Our data underscore the unique clinical needs of adults with
CHD
compared with their peers. Clinicians caring for
CHD
may want to use a multidisciplinary approach, including building close collaborations with internists and specialists, to help provide appropriate care for the highly prevalent noncardiovascular comorbidities.
Turks with a “Wāw”
Authors: Khayyat E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Beginning late nineteenth century Ottoman-Turkish intellectuals fought for an orthographic revolution to change the spelling of the name Türk—which was once used to refer to the “simple folk” or Muslims generally and was written as ‮ترك‬‎ (t-r-k) in Arabic letters—by adding the letter ‘wāw’ (‮و‬‎) to it, spelling the name as ‮تورك‬‎ (t-u-r-k) in print. The additional letter was a necessity in the minds of the revolutionaries to make visible the Turkish nation as opposed to the multitude. The paper interprets these intellectuals’ thoughts and assumptions on scripts, writing and language as they relate to politics and identity and as part of the history of Ottoman-Turkish literary modernity, which would culminate in the adoption of Roman letters in the modern Turkish Republic.
A Climate Classification of China through k-Nearest-Neighbor and Sparse Subspace Representation
Authors: Shi Jiarong , Yang Liu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClimate classification aims to divide a given region into distinct groups on the basis of meteorological variables, and it has important applications in fields such as agriculture and buildings. In this paper, we propose a novel spectral clustering–based method to partition 661 meteorological stations in China into several zones. First, the correlations are analyzed among five meteorological variables: daily average temperature, average relative humidity, sunshine hours, diurnal temperature range, and atmospheric pressure. The resulting weak linear correlation supports the classification under multiple views. Next, a similarity matrix/graph is constructed by combining the advantages of k-nearest-neighbor and sparse subspace representation. The blocking effect of the similarity matrix confirms the rationality of the classification. Then, we consider respectively the climate classification under a single view and multiple views. For the single view, atmospheric pressure has the highest imbalance degree, and sunshine hours and diurnal temperature range have the strongest classification consistency. The consistency rates are improved evidently in a multiple-view situation. Afterward, we propose a determining method for the number of clusters and make a sensitivity analysis on various parameters. Finally, we provide a further statistical analysis on the classification results and compare the consistency with another climate dataset. All experimental results show that the proposed classification method is feasible and effective in the climate zoning of China.
Mastoid Reconstruction With Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Pate After Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Askar Sherif M. , Saber Ibrahim M. , Omar Mohammad 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Mastoid reconstruction principle had been described to overcome problems of chronic discharging cavity. Different materials were used; nonbiologic materials seem to be less preferred. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) could promote the regeneration of mineralized tissues. In this work, the authors present a simple and easy technique for mastoid reconstruction with PRP and cortical bone pate. Methods: The study design is a case series. Patients had mastoid reconstruction after canal wall down mastoidectomy using PRP and cortical bone pate. Results: This study included 21 patients: 9 males, and 12 females. Sixteen patients had left side disease. All surgical procedures were conducted smoothly within 90 to 135 minutes with no stressful events had been reported. At 12 to 16 months of follow-up, external canal stenosis and mastoid fistulas were not reported. Good healing of the tympanic membrane was seen in 18 patients. No radiological signs suggestive of recurrence were detected and the reconstructed mastoid cavity was smooth and well aerated. Residual tympanic membrane perforations were detected in 3 patients. Conclusion: Autologous materials (PRP and bone pate pate) after canal wall down mastoidectomy appear to be a reliable and effective choice for mastoid reconstruction.
Different preprocessing strategies lead to different conclusions: A [11C]DASB-PET reproducibility study
Authors: Nørgaard Martin , Ganz Melanie , Svarer Claus , Frokjaer Vibe G , Greve Douglas N , Strother Stephen C , Knudsen Gitte M 
Published: October 2019

Positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging provides unique possibilities to study biological processes in vivo under basal and interventional conditions. For quantification of PET data, researchers commonly apply different arrays of sequential data analytic methods (“preprocessing pipeline”), but it is often unknown how the choice of preprocessing affects the final outcome. Here, we use an available data set from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled [11C]DASB-PET study as a case to evaluate how the choice of preprocessing affects the outcome of the study. We tested the impact of 384 commonly used preprocessing strategies on a previously reported positive association between the change from baseline in neocortical serotonin transporter binding determined with [11C]DASB-PET, and change in depressive symptoms, following a pharmacological sex hormone manipulation intervention in 30 women. The two preprocessing steps that were most critical for the outcome were motion correction and kinetic modeling of the dynamic PET data. We found that 36% of the applied preprocessing strategies replicated the originally reported finding ( p < 0.05). For preprocessing strategies with motion correction, the replication percentage was 72%, whereas it was 0% for strategies without motion correction. In conclusion, the choice of preprocessing strategy can have a major impact on a study outcome.