bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUSI LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL DI PERAIRAN LAUT KAWASAN PESISIR GRESIK
Authors: Nindyapuspa Ayu , Ni'am Achmad Chusnun 
Published: November 2018

The increasing of industrial activity on the Gresik Regency will increase the generated waste. One of the generated waste from industrial activity is hazardous waste which contain Lead (Pb). Pb which are disposed to the environment, especially to the sea, will pollute the environment and endanger the life of marine animals like fishes and other marine biota. Therefore, the research of Pb distribution was conducted on the coastal area of Gresik Regency. Sea water samples were taken from 3 different points, Petrokimia Port, Manyar Sub-regency, and Maspion V Industrial Area. Sampling used purposive sample method and samples were analyzed by AAS. Results showed that the highest Pb concentration at Maspion V Industrial area (0.083 mg/L). Meanwhile the lowest Pb concentration at Manyar Sub-regency (0.021 mg/L). Industrial activity that are conducted at Gresik Regency may generate Pb which can pollute the seawater.
Keywords: coastal area, Gresik, hazardous waste, lead, seawater
Respon Oksigen Terlarut Terhadap Pencemaran dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Keberadaan Sumber Daya Ikan di Sungai Citarum
Authors: Sugianti Yayuk , Astuti Lismining Pujiyani 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) be the most attention parameter because can reflect the water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems. Along the main flow of Citarum river conditions are already heavily polluted due to waste input both household and urban waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste and livestock also, this conditions causes disruption for organism that are inside, one of them is fish. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in water quality due to pollution through the distribution pattern of the DO concentration by performing simulations using models Streeter & Phelps and their effects on fish life in the Citarum River. The results showed the high value of BOD in Citarum River led to a DO decrease, which indicates that this river has been under pressure utilization that exceeds the carrying capacity. This condition affects the presence of fish in Citarum river,where there has been a reduction the types of fish. Only fish that are resistant to low DO conditions that can survive in Citarum river.Keywords: dissolved oxygen, Streeter Phelps model, Citarum RiverABSTRAKKonsentrasi oksigen terlarut (DO) menjadi parameter yang paling banyak mendapat perhatian karena mencerminkan kualitas air dan kesehatan suatu ekosistem perairan. Sepanjang aliran sungai utama Citarum kondisi perairannya sudah tercemar berat diakibatkan masukan limbah, baik itu limbah rumah tangga dan perkotaan, limbah industri, juga limbah pertanian dan peternakan, kondisi ini menyebabkan gangguan bagi organisme yang ada di dalamnya salah satunya adalah ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perubahan kualitas perairan akibat pencemaran melalui pola sebaran konsentrasi DO dengan melakukan simulasi menggunakan model Streeter & Phelps dan pengaruhnya terhadap kehidupan ikan di Sungai Citarum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingginya nilai BOD di Sungai Citarum menyebabkan penurunan DO, yang mengindikasikan bahwa sungai ini telah mengalami tekanan pemanfaatan yang melebihi daya dukungnya. Kondisi ini berpengaruh pada keberadaan ikan di Sungai Citarum, dimana telah terjadi pengurangan jenis-jenis ikan. Hanya ikan-ikan yang tahan terhadap kondisi DO rendah yang bisa bertahan hidup di Sungai Citarum.Kata kunci: oksigen terlarut, model Streeter Phelps, Sungai Citarum.
Penurunan Tekanan Darah Dengan Relaksasi Autogenik Dan Guided Imagery Pada Pasien Hipertensi
Authors: Surmarliyah Erni , Nasrullah Dede 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRAK Hipertensi merupakan faktor penyebab utama kematian karena stroke dan faktor yang dapat memperberat Infark Miokard(serangan jantung). Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mempelajari perbedaan pengaruh terapi guided imagery dan relaksasi autogenik terhadap penurunan tekanan darah. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian Pra Experimental dengan menggunakan pendekatan pre dan post tes.Kelompok perlakuan 1 diobservasi tekanan darah sebelum dan sesudah intervensi relaksasi Autogenik.Pada kelompok perlakuan 2 diobservasi tekanan darah sebelum dan sesudah relaksasi Guided Imagery. Kelompok ke 3 juga diobservasi sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dengan menggunakan kombinasi relaksasi Autogenik dan Guided Imagery.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakitdengan tehnik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilaksanakan melalui kuesioner dan observasi. Diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik Wilcoxondengan α 0,05. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ketiga metode signifikan terhadap penurunan tekanan darah. Metode Guided Imagery (α=0,25) lebih signifikan dari pada Kombinasi Guided Imagery dan Autogenik (α=0,38), sedangkan Kombinasi Guided Imagery dan Autogenik lebih signifikan dari pada Autogenik (α=0,46). Kata Kunci : Relaksasi Autogenik, Guided Imagery, Hipertensi
Understanding Complaints to Regulators About Paramedics in the UK and Social Workers in England: Findings from a Multi-Method Study
Authors: Austin Zubin , van der Gaag Anna , Gallagher Ann , Jago Robert , Banks Sarah , Lucas Grace , Zasada Magda 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Within the regulatory community, there has been increasing interest in the issue of proportionality in regulation — that is, using the right amount and right types of regulatory interventions to achieve the primary mandate of the regulatory community in order to serve and to protect. The Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) in the United Kingdom, one of the largest health-care regulatory bodies in the world, recently commissioned a study examining the disproportionately large number of complaints against paramedics in the UK and social workers in England. The objective of the study was to examine the nature of, and to better understand the reasons behind, this disproportionality, and to identify options and opportunities from a regulatory perspective that could be taken to address this issue. The study involved a systematic multi-methods research approach involving four key interrelated research elements:A systematic literature reviewA Delphi consultation with international expertsInterviews (n=26) and four focus groups (n=23) with UK experts, including service users and caregiversA review of a random sample (n=284) of fitness-to-practice cases over two years across the three stages of the process (initial complaint, Investigating Committee Panel, and final hearing)
Findings from this study highlight the evolving nature of both professions and the influence of a binary model of complaints adjudication that may not be sufficiently nuanced to balance public protection with practitioners' learning needs. A non-binary option for understanding complaints against practitioners is suggested in this paper, offering a process that involves and engages both employers and practitioners in a more meaningful manner.
Theological Librarianship at 10
Authors: Woodruff Tait Jennifer 
Published: November 2018

Theological Librarianship was the result of careful planning and part of a long history of ATLA members writing about their profession. It has committed itself over the years to talking about issues relevant to the profession; thinking through the implications of new technology; and publishing articles that appeal to a variety of librarians and come from a variety of sources. This editorial surveys its first decade of history and concludes with some thoughts for the future of the journal.
Dental Age Estimation by Demirjian’s and Nolla’s Method in Children of Jorpati, Kathmandu
Authors: Khanal Sanskriti , Acharya Jemish , Shah Priyanka 
Published: November 2018

Background: Growing individuals not only differ in the timing of the maturational events, but also in the sequence of these events. Age is one of the essential factors, which play an important role in every aspect of life like in clinical, medico-legal, forensic and anthropological applications and in planning treatment of orthodontic and pedodontic patients. The aim of the study was to determine dental age from orthopantomogram using Demirjian’s method and Nolla’s method and to evaluate the interrelationship between chronological and dental age according to both these methods. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in 177 orthopantomograms of the patient aged between 5 to 15 years. Dental age estimation was done with Demirjian’s and Nolla’s method. Results: The mean chronological age 10.14 + 3.16 compared with the mean Demirjian age 9.58 + 3.39 was statistically non significant p > 0.05 whereas comparision with mean Nolla age 7.88+ 1.56 was significant statistically. Conclusions: Both methods showed delayed dental age compared to chronological age. Demirjian’s method was more applicable to assess the dental age in Nepalese children compared to Nolla’s method.Keywords: chronological age; dental age; Demirjian’s method; Nolla’s method.
Health Seeking Behaviour Among Elderly People of Bharatpur Municipality of Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Baral Rojina , Sapkota Pramila 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Individuals have different opinion regarding willingness to seek help from health care services. Some go readily for treatment, others only when in great pain and in advance state of ill health. This is especially true for people with advance age who have to face many physiological changes which act as a barrier to seek immediate help in health care setting. Thus, a study was conducted to analyse the health seeking behaviour among elderly. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 104 elderly aged 60 years and above. Non- probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. Data was collected by interviewing the elderly at their residence. The data gathered was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software. Results: Assessment of the health status of elderly people revealed that, majority of the participant’s 86.5% were suffering from chronic health problem, among them 37.8% suffered from hypertension 11.1% suffered from diabetic mellitus. Whereas, assessment of the practice of health seeking behaviour among elderly stated that all the participant’s 100% were seeking help for health problem in which 83.7% seek help from modern medication and still 16.3% seek help from alternative medication. Also, the health seeking behavior was found to be statistically significant with health problem (p=0.002), ethnicity (0.007) and religion (p=0.007) respectively. Conclusions: Elderly are aware of seeking help from the health care center, but still elderly believe in alternative medication rather than modern medication which may be an alarming truth in the health care setting.Keywords: alternative medication; elderly; health seeking behaviour; modern medication.
Pembelajaran Berbicara Interaktif Bahasa Inggris di SMP
Authors: Mufliharsi Risa , Candra Eva Nurul 
Published: November 2018

Tujuan yang dicapai pada kegiatan ini adalah meningkatkan kompetensi para guru sekolah menengah pertama terutama pembelajaran berbicara bahasa Inggris secara interaktif dan transaksional. Luaran yang akan dihasilkan adalah berupa jurnal berisikan penerapan berbagai pembelajaran berbicara yang disesuaikan untuk sekolah menegah pertama. Selain itu, juga booklet untuk para guru dalam mengajarkan berbicara bahasa Inggris yang bisa diterapkan di kelas ataupun ekstrakurikuler English Club di SMPIT Yayasan Tunas Harapan Ilahi dan SMP Negeri 9 Bekasi. Kegiatan yang dilakukan antara lain: 1) Melakukan presentasi dan memberikan penjelasan mengenai bagaimana pembelajaran berbicara interaktif melalui berbagai teknik maupun metode pembelajaran, 2) Melakukan presentasi dan memberikan penjelasan mengenai klasifikasi capaian aspek yang ditekankan, 3) Membimbing dan mendampingi para guru SMPIT Tunas Harapan Ilahi dan SMP Negeri 9 Bekasi dalam melakukan praktek atau simulasi sederhana dalam sosialisasi tersebut. 4) Melakukan sesi tanya jawab mengenai pelatihan yang tergambar dari awal hingga akhir
ALEKSANDR DOBROLYUBOV ON HIS WAY TO THE ‘MOST EXALTED BROTHERHOOD’. WHAT DOES IT MEAN NOT TO BE LEO TOLSTOY
Authors: Sluzhaeva O. 
Published: November 2018

Based on letters, archived documents and the works written by A. Dobrolyubov during his religious exploration, after he set off on a pilgrimage across Russia, this article considers the foundations of the poet’s religious teaching and its perception by peasants and ‘literate’ society. The researcher focuses on A. Dobrolyubov’s collections of poetry From the Invisible Book [Iz knigi Nevidimoy], My Eternal Fellow-Travellers [Moi vechnie sputniki] and the songs he composed for group performance during community/brotherhood gatherings. A particularly valuable input is provided by I. Yarkov’s archive about Dobrolyubov and his followers (kept at the manuscripts departments of the Russian State Library and the Samara M. Gorky Literary Museum).The researcher points out that Dobrolyubov’s religious teaching, which used to enjoy a big following across a wide geography, was either ignored or misinterpreted in literary circles, and that, once he cut off his ties with the intellectuals, his contemporaries began to compare Dobrolyubov with Leo Tolstoy and those characters of classical Russian literature whose devoted their lives to the search for God and the truth. Dobrolyubov’s ideas of refusal to perform military service, genuine emancipation of peasants, the inner revolution as a prerequisite for progress, a universal unity, and respect for folk culture are not unlike the values that shaped European democracies.
Radiosurgery for dural carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas: Gamma Knife compared with XKnife radiosurgery
Authors: Pan Hung-Chuan , Sun Ming-Hsi , Sheehan Jason , Sheu Meei-Ling , Chen Clayton Chi-Chang , Lee Hsu-Tung , Chiu Wen-Ta , Yang Dar-Yu 
Published: November 2018

Object
In the modern era, stereotactic radiosurgery is an important part of the multidisciplinary and multimodality approach used to treat dural carotid-cavernous fistulas (DCCFs). Based on the ease of performance of techniques to fuse cerebral angiography studies with MR images or CT scans during the radiosurgical procedure, the Gamma Knife and XKnife are 2 of the most popular radiosurgical instruments for patients with DCCF. In this study, the authors compared the efficacy, neurological results, and complications associated with these 2 radiosurgical devices when used for DCCF.

Methods
Records for 41 patients with DCCF (15 treated using the XKnife and 26 with Gamma Knife surgery [GKS]) were retrieved from a radiosurgical database encompassing the period of September 2000 to August 2008. Among these patients, at least 2 consecutive MR imaging or MR angiography studies obtained after radiosurgery were available for determining radiological outcome of the fistula. All patients received regular follow-up to evaluate the neurological and ophthalmological function at an interval of 1–3 months. The symptomatology, obliteration rate, radiation dose, instrument accuracy, and adverse effects were determined for each group and compared between 2 groups. The data were analyzed using the Student t-test.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 63 ± 2.6 years, and the mean follow-up period was 63.1 ± 4.4 months (mean ± SD). Thirty-seven patients (90%) achieved an obliteration of the DCCF (93% in the XKnife cohort and 88% for the GKS cohort). In 34 of 40 patients (85%) with chemosis and proptosis of the eyes, these symptoms were resolved after treatment (4 had residual fistula and 2 had arterializations of sclera). All 5 patients with high intraocular pressure demonstrated clinical improvement. Ten (71%) of 14 patients with cranial nerve palsy demonstrated improvement following radiosurgery. Significant discrepancies of treatment modalities existed between the XKnife and GKS groups, such as radiation volume, conformity index, number of isocenters, instrument accuracy, peripheral isodose line, and maximum dosage. The XKnife delivered significantly higher radiation dosage to the lens, optic nerve, optic chiasm, bilateral temporal lobe, and brainstem. Few adverse events occurred, but included 1 patient with optic neuritis (GKS group), 1 intracranial hemorrhage (XKnife group), 1 brainstem edema (XKnife), and 3 temporal lobe radiation edemas (XKnife).

Conclusions
Radiosurgery affords a substantial chance of radiological and clinical improvement in patients with DCCFs. The Gamma Knife and XKnife demonstrated similar efficacy in the obliteration of DCCFs. However, a slightly higher incidence of complications occurred in the XKnife group.
Gamma Knife surgery as sole treatment for multiple brain metastases: 2-center retrospective review of 1508 cases meeting the inclusion criteria of the JLGK0901 multi-institutional prospective study
Authors: Serizawa Toru , Yamamoto Masaaki , Sato Yasunori , Higuchi Yoshinori , Nagano Osamu , Kawabe Takuya , Matsuda Shinji , Ono Junichi , Saeki Naokatsu , Hatano Manabu , Hirai Tatsuo 
Published: November 2018

Object
The authors retrospectively reviewed the results of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) used as the sole treatment for brain metastases in patients who met the eligibility criteria for the ongoing JLGK0901 multi-institutional prospective trial. They also discuss the anticipated results of the JLGK0901 study.

Methods
Data from 1508 consecutive cases were analyzed. All of the patients were treated at the Gamma Knife House of Chiba Cardiovascular Center or the Mito Gamma House of Katsuta Hospital between 1998 and 2007 and met the following JLGK0901 inclusion criteria: 1) newly diagnosed brain metastases, 2) 1–10 brain lesions, 3) less than 10 cm3 volume of the largest tumor, 4) no more than 15 cm3 total tumor volume, 5) no findings of CSF dissemination, and 6) no impairment of activities of daily living (Karnofsky Performance Scale score < 70) due to extracranial disease. At the initial treatment, all visible lesions were irradiated with GKS without upfront whole-brain radiation therapy. Thereafter, gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging was performed every 2–3 months, and new distant lesions were appropriately retreated with GKS. Patients were divided into groups according to numbers of tumors: Group A, single lesions (565 cases); Group B, 2–4 tumors (577 cases); and Group C, 5–10 tumors (366 cases). The differences in overall survival (OS) were compared between groups.

Results
The median age of the patients was 66 years (range 19–96 years). There were 963 men and 545 women. The primary tumors were in the lung in 1114 patients, gastrointestinal tract in 179, breast in 105, urinary tract in 66, and other sites in 44. The overall mean survival time was 0.78 years (0.99 years for Group A, 0.68 years for Group B, and 0.62 years for Group C). The differences between Groups A and B (p < 0.0001) and between Groups B and C (p = 0.0312) were statistically significant. Multivariate analysis revealed significant prognostic factors for OS to be sex (poor prognostic factor: male, p < 0.0001), recursive partitioning analysis class (Class I vs Class II and Class II vs III, both p < 0.0001), primary site (lung vs breast, p = 0.0047), and number of tumors (Group A vs Group B, p < 0.0001). However, no statistically difference was detected between Groups B and C (p = 0.1027, hazard ratio 1.124, 95% CI 0.999–1.265).

Conclusions
The results of this retrospective analysis revealed an upper CI of 1.265 for the hazard ratio, which was lower than the 1.3 initially set by the JLGK0901 study. The JLGK0901 study is anticipated to show noninferiority of GKS as sole treatment for patients with 5–10 brain metastases compared with those with 2–4 in terms of OS.
Testing different brain metastasis grading systems in stereotactic radiosurgery: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group's RPA, SIR, BSBM, GPA, and modified RPA
Authors: Serizawa Toru , Higuchi Yoshinori , Nagano Osamu , Hirai Tatsuo , Ono Junichi , Saeki Naokatsu , Miyakawa Akifumi 
Published: November 2018

Object
The authors conducted validity testing of the 5 major reported indices for radiosurgically treated brain metastases— the original Radiation Therapy Oncology Group's Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA), the Score Index for Radiosurgery in Brain Metastases (SIR), the Basic Score for Brain Metastases (BSBM), the Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA), and the subclassification of RPA Class II proposed by Yamamoto—in nearly 2500 cases treated with Gamma Knife surgery (GKS), focusing on the preservation of neurological function as well as the traditional endpoint of overall survival.

Methods
The authors analyzed data from 2445 cases treated with GKS by the first author (T.S.), the primary surgeon. The patient group consisted of 1716 patients treated between January 1998 and March 2008 (the Chiba series) and 729 patients treated between April 2008 and December 2011 (the Tokyo series). The interval from the date of GKS until the date of the patient's death (overall survival) and impaired activities of daily living (qualitative survival) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, while the absolute risk for two adjacent classes of each grading system and both hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
For overall survival, there were highly statistically significant differences between each two adjacent patient groups characterized by class or score (all p values < 0.001), except for GPA Scores 3.5–4.0 and 3.0. The SIR showed the best statistical results for predicting preservation of neurological function. Although no other grading systems yielded statistically significant differences in qualitative survival, the BSBM and the modified RPA appeared to be better than the original RPA and GPA.

Conclusions
The modified RPA subclassification, proposed by Yamamoto, is well balanced in scoring simplicity with respect to case number distribution and statistical results for overall survival. However, a new or revised grading system is necessary for predicting qualitative survival and for selecting the optimal treatment for patients with brain metastasis treated by GKS.