bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of frailty status among the European elderly population: Findings from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe
Authors: Manfredi Giulia , Midão Luís , Paúl Constança , Cena Clara , Duarte Mafalda , Costa Elísio 
Published: May 2019

AimIn the present study, we aimed to update the data of frailty status in the European community‐dwelling population of older adults, based on the latest data released (wave 6) of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe database, and to study the impact of each criterion on frailty assessment.MethodsFrailty status was assessed applying a version of the Fried phenotype operationalized for the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe. We included all participants who answered all the questions used in a frailty assessment and who disclosed their sex and, furthermore, who were aged ≥50 years. Our final sample was 60 816 individuals. Of these, the mean age was 67.45 ± 9.71 years; 38 497 (56.4%) were women.ResultsThe overall prevalence of pre‐frailty was 42.9% (ranging from 34.0% in Austria to 52.8% in Estonia), and frailty was 7.7% (ranging from 3.0% in Switzerland to 15.6% in Portugal). Pre‐frailty and frailty prevalence increased along with age, and were more frequent among women. Regarding the five criteria considered on frailty assessment, exhaustion seems to be the criterion that contributes most to frailty status, followed by low activity, weakness, loss of appetite and slowness.ConclusionsWith this work, we showed that >50% of the European population aged >50 years are pre‐frail/frail, which must be considered when designing interventions to reduce/postpone/mitigate the progression of this condition, thus reducing the burden associated with it. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 723–729.
Reversible DNA damage checkpoint activation at the presenescent stage in telomerase‐deficient cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Miura Atsuhiro , Itakura Eisuke , Matsuura Akira 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe telomere protects the ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes, and its shortening or erosion is recognized as DNA damage, leading to loss of proliferation activity and, thus, cellular senescence at the population level. Here, using a GFP‐based DNA damage checkpoint marker suited for single‐cell observation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, we correlated the checkpoint status of telomere‐shortened cells with their behavior. We show that some cells possessing short telomeres retain proliferation capacity even after the DNA damage checkpoint is activated. At the presenescent stage, the activation of the checkpoint causes cell cycle delay, but does not induce permanent cell cycle arrest, eventually leading to the expansion of cell size that is characteristic of cellular senescence. Moreover, the proliferation capacity of checkpoint‐activated cells is not dependent on homologous recombination or the checkpoint adaptation pathway. The retention of proliferation capacity is specific to the telomere‐derived DNA damage response, suggesting that damaged telomeres differ functionally from other types of DNA damage. Our data establish the role of the presenescent stage in telomere shortening‐induced senescence, which proceeds gradually and is associated with a variety of changes, including altered cell morphology and metabolism.
Wonder in early modern Ottoman society: A case study in the history of emotions
Authors: Ben‐Ami Ido 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe questions what an emotion is and how it is generated can be answered in multiple ways. Usually, the answer depends on the disciplinary perspective. As was recently noted by several dominant historians who deal with the history of emotions, although the biological and psychological elements of a certain feeling should not be ignored, within historical research, a focus on social and cultural aspects of emotion generation seems to be more convincing. In this article, I address this issue in the context of Ottoman studies from the perspective of Barbara H. Rosenwein's notion of “emotional communities.” I consider early modern Ottoman elite society of Istanbul to be such a community and demonstrate how several powerful individuals from this large social group relied on a medieval Islamic theory about cosmographic “wonder” and encouraged its members to embrace this emotion into their social and cultural milieus.
Hunner lesion versus non‐Hunner lesion interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Whitmore Kristene E , Fall Magnus , Sengiku Atsushi , Tomoe Hikaru , Logadottir Yr , Kim Young Ho 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlobal consensus on the standardization of terminology for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is lacking and is in the formative stages. The Workshop on Hunner lesion versus non‐Hunner lesion at the 2018 International Consultation on Interstitial Cystitis Japan discussed prevalence, performance and outcome of endoscopy, the role of histopathology, and markers.MethodsA panel of experts reviewed the literature regarding Hunner lesion vs. non‐Hunner lesion interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.ResultsThe prevalence of Hunner lesion has been reported to be 5–57%. Older age and smaller anatomic bladder capacity were associated with Hunner lesions. Cystoscopy using local anesthesia is not adequate in diagnosing interstitial cystitis but is needed to rule out confusable diseases. Cystoscopy with hydrodistention and redistention of the bladder is considered standard. A Hunner lesion is visualized as a quite typical inflammatory reaction: a reddened mucosal area with small vessels radiating towards a central scar, splitting at distension, usually associated with a waterfall bleeding pattern. Biopsies from the inflamed area show inflammatory infiltrates, granulation tissue, detrusor mastocytosis, and fibrin deposits. Ablation of Hunner lesions includes transurethral resection of lesions, fulguration, laser ablation, and cortical steroid injections. Mast cell density is a somewhat controversial matter, described differently in different studies: marked increase in Hunner lesion vs. non‐Hunner lesion in the majority of studies, no difference in a few. Nitric oxide appears to be a definitive marker in distinguishing Hunner lesion vs. non‐Hunner lesion disease. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is elevated in Hunner lesion patients. Increased level of urinary proinflammatory genes expression has also been found in Hunner lesion subjects.ConclusionsHunner lesion patients are clinically and pathologically distinct from non‐Hunner lesion bladder pain syndrome patients.
Gynecological associated disorders and management
Authors: Jia Xibei , Rana Neha , Crouss Tess , Whitmore Kristene E 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundChronic pelvic pain syndrome is complex and involves multiple organ systems. The gynecological aspects of chronic pelvic pain syndrome can be divided into four different areas: intra‐abdominal, vaginal, pelvic floor muscles and sexual pain. This article provides an overview of gynecological evaluation in patients with chronic pelvic pain and reviews the most common gynecological diagnoses and their management.MethodsAn extensive review of the literature including guidelines from the International Continence Society, the European Association of Urology, and the International Association for the Study of Pain was performed.ResultsGynecological evaluation of patients with chronic pelvic pain begins with a thorough history and physical examination. Laboratory tests, imaging studies and diagnostic procedures can be used as adjuncts to make a diagnosis. Treatment modalities include physical therapy, medications, trigger points injections, and surgery.ConclusionCommon gynecological diagnoses of chronic pelvic pain include endometriosis, adenomyosis, vulvodynia, high tone pelvic floor dysfunction, and genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder. Gynecology is one of the many systems that can be associated with chronic pelvic pain. Managing patients with chronic pelvic pain requires a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach.
A modified clinical scoring system for bladder pain syndrome: Long term experience
Authors: Taneja Rajesh , Massand Sameer 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo document a modified clinical scoring system in patients with bladder pain syndrome that increases weightage to pain and nocturia and includes measures for sexual dysfunction and psychological impact. The clinical outcome of a set combination of treatment modalities linked to the clinical score at entry was also made.MethodsThe new proposed scale was used to assess and treat 190 enrolled patients from January 2009 to September 30, 2017. The patients were evaluated using the new scoring system at the time of induction, after 1, 3 and 6 months after commencement of treatment. Thereafter, they were followed every 6 months. The new scoring system included increased weightage to pain and nocturia and added domains of sexual dysfunction and psychological impact. The patients were treated with a protocol followed by the authors and published in the year 2007. A pictorial linkage of treatment modalities used with the clinical score of the patient was also described.ResultsA total of 174 evaluable patients had a follow up between 6 and 105 months (mean 64 months). The patients had age distribution between 24 and 76 years and included 19 male patients. 154 out of 174 patients (88.5%) had good or excellent response to treatment using the proposed scale at the end of 6 months.ConclusionsThe proposed clinical scale appeared to aid clinical stratification of severity of the disease at the induction and during follow up. The treatment protocol could be linked with the clinical score at the time of induction.
Intravesical tacrolimus in treatment of intractable interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome – A pilot study
Authors: Mishra Nagendra N , Riedl Claus , Shah Shail , Pathak Nupoor 
Published: May 2019

AimsInterstitial cystitis/Bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic condition with limited effectiveness of current treatments without any cure. Cyclosporine A is effective in intractable cases of BPS/IC. Tacrolimus has same mechanism of action. The purpose of this pilot study was to find if tacrolimus instilled in bladder is effective in treating BPS/IC without side effects.MethodsFrom February 2013 till Dec. 2017 tacrolimus dissolved in DMSO/sterile water was instilled in bladder of 24 patients of intractable BPS/IC. Patients received one to six cycles of therapy at interval of 14 days. Base line complete blood count, blood glucose, renal and liver function test were done and repeated after every three instillations. Serum tacrolimus level was also measured in 10 patients. Primary study endpoint was Global Response Assessment (GRA) score.Results13 out of 24 patients showed improvement in a follow up extending from 6 to 63 month. Except for post‐ instillation flare in symptoms no side effects were observed in the patients during follow‐up. Blood levels of tacrolimus reach same safe level irrespective of using either DMSO or water for preparing the solution.ConclusionsIntravesical tacrolimus dissolved in DMSO/water has been found effective in 54% patients of intractable BPS/IC without significant side effects in this pilot study. For the first time we have discovered that though tacrolimus is believed to be insoluble in water it gets absorbed by bladder urothelium when a solution of tacrolimus in water is instilled in urinary bladder. It should be offered to the patients before offering surgery.
Impact of irradiation induced dislocation loops on thermal conductivity in ceramics
Authors: Khafizov Marat , Pakarinen Janne , He Lingfeng , Hurley David H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExperimental work aimed at understanding the role of dislocation loops in limiting phonon mediated thermal transport in ceramics is presented. Faulted dislocation loops, having diameters of a few nanometers, were introduced by irradiating a polycrystalline cerium dioxide sample with 1.6 MeV protons at 700°C. XRD analysis indicated that irradiated samples retained their crystalline structure and exhibit very little lattice expansion suggesting a low concentration of point defects. Further microstructure characterization using transmission electron microscopy revealed that interstitial type faulted dislocation loops were primarily created as expected for these irradiation conditions. Thermal conductivity of the damaged layer was measured using a modulated thermoreflectance approach. Analysis of the experimental data using the classical Klemens‐Callaway approach reveals that the conductivity reduction is primarily due to dislocation loops, while point defects and voids play only a minor role. These results provide experimental confirmation that faulted loops offer a unique arrangement for displaced atoms that leads to an unusually large reduction of thermal conductivity.
Ablation behaviors and mechanism of ultra‐thick anti‐oxidation layer coating on carbon‐bonded carbon fiber composites
Authors: Du Bin , He Chao , Qian Junjie , Wang Xuan , Cai Mei , Shui Anze 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo enhance the oxidation resistance capability of the carbon‐bonded carbon fiber composites (CBCFs), a silicide ultra‐thick coating as high as 1.6 mm with gradient structure is designed and fabricated via a multi‐step rapid sintering method. Compared with other ceramic layers on carbon fiber‐based composites, ultra‐thick anti‐oxidation layer coated‐CBCFs have the lowest thermal conductivity. Additionally, ablation behaviors of the ultra‐thick ceramics layer coated‐CBCFs under the oxyacetylene torch are also investigated. After being exposed to oxyacetylene torch, the ultra‐thick ceramics layer coated‐CBCFs possess a linear rate range from 0.6 to 1.2 μm/s, while a mass ablation rate ranges from 4.95 × 10−5 g/m2 s to 1.45 × 10−3 g/m2 s.
Knockdown of spliceosome U2AF1 significantly inhibits the development of human erythroid cells
Authors: Zhang Jieying , Zhao Huizhi , Wu Kunlu , Peng Yuanliang , Han Xu , Zhang Huan , Liang Long , Chen Huiyong , Hu Jingping , Qu Xiaoli , Zhang Shijie , Chen Lixiang , Liu Jing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractU2AF1 (U2AF35) is the small subunit of the U2 auxiliary factor (U2AF) that constitutes the U2 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) of the spliceosome. Here, we examined the function of U2AF1 in human erythropoiesis. First, we examined the expression of U2AF1 during in vitro human erythropoiesis and showed that U2AF1 was highly expressed in the erythroid progenitor burst‐forming‐unit erythroid (BFU‐E) cell stage. A colony assay revealed that U2AF1 knockdown cells failed to form BFU‐E and colony‐forming‐unit erythroid (CFU‐E) colonies. Our results further showed that knockdown of U2AF1 significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in erythropoiesis. Additionally, knockdown of U2AF1 also delayed terminal erythroid differentiation. To explore the molecular basis of the impaired function of erythroid development, RNA‐seq was performed and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis results showed that several biological pathways, including the p53 signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway and haematopoietic cell lineage, were involved, with the p53 signalling pathway showing the greatest involvement. Western blot analysis revealed an increase in the protein levels of downstream targets of p53 following U2AF1 knockdown. The data further showed that depletion of U2AF1 altered alternatively spliced apoptosis‐associated gene transcripts in CFU‐E cells. Our findings elucidate the role of U2AF1 in human erythropoiesis and reveal the underlying mechanisms.
Electrical resistance and mold distribution on beef surface as indicators of dry aging
Authors: Oh Jungmin , Lee Hyun Jung , Yoon Ji Won , Choe Juhui , Jo Cheorun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the electrical resistance and mold distribution on a dry‐aged beef surface (crust) and to explore the use of these information as an indicator of dry aging. In total, 18 strip loins (longissimus lumborum) were dry aged for 35 days. During aging period, electrical resistance and mold distribution on the crust, pH, shear force, and sensory properties (appearance, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptance) of the edible portion of meat were assessed. Electrical resistance (R2 = .91, −.72, and .69, respectively) and mold distribution (R2 = .81, −.73, and .65, respectively) of the surface were strongly correlated to pH, shear force, and tenderness of dry‐aged beef (p < .05). Moreover, mold distribution had significant correlation to flavor (R2 = .48), among sensory properties. In conclusion, the electrical resistance and mold distribution on beef surface indicate the degree of dry aging, especially in tenderness and flavor..Practical applicationsThe manufacture parameters of dry aging have been varied with different meat producers, resulting in different final qualities of dry‐aged beef products. In this study, we suggested the use of indicators for determination of level of dry‐aging in beef including electrical resistance and mold distribution. It can help unexperienced small meat producers to guarantee the suitable degree of doneness of dry‐aged beef, especially in flavor and tenderness.
Development of a novel composite sensor for evaluating lip function
Authors: Sugano Aki , Ofusa Wataru , Sugito Hiroki , Matsubayashi Naoto , Hakkaku Megumi , Yamada Yoshiaki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo test a novel sensor for assessing lip function.MethodsThe electromyographic (EMG) activity of the upper orbicularis oris muscle (OOM), lip‐closing pressure (LP) and intraoral baro‐pressure (IP) were simultaneously recorded in 20 healthy subjects (10 women and 10 men) by using a novel composite sensor (CS). Subjects performed the lip‐closure, blow and suck tasks. EMG activity of the upper and lower OOMs was recorded using conventional surface electrodes to evaluate the accuracy of CS electrodes. The subjects also rated the user‐friendliness of the CS.ResultsIntegrated EMG signals recorded using the CS and conventional electrodes from the upper OOM were highly correlated (r = 0.77 ± 0.12 in women and r = 0.81 ± 0.10 in men). The signal‐to‐noise ratio was higher with the CS than with the conventional electrodes. The mean LP during maximum lip closure, blowing and sucking ranged between 2 and 6 kPa in women and between 5 and 7 kPa in men. The corresponding IPs in women were 0.0 ± 0.5, 3.2 ± 1.4 and −4.4 ± 2.6 kPa, respectively, and in men were −0.5 ± 1.4, 4.9 ± 1.8 and −5.6 ± 2.8 kPa, respectively. All subjects rated the recording technique as excellent or good.ConclusionThe CS was highly user‐friendly and accurate in recording the EMG activity of the OOM and could simultaneously measure the LP and IP. Therefore, it could be an effective tool for evaluating lip function.
Expansion of Dental Care for Low‐Income Children Through a Mobile Services Program
Authors: Spetz Joanne , Pourat Nadereh , Chen Xiao , Lee Christopher , Martinez Ana , Xin Kong , Hughes Dana 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAlthough access to dental care has improved over time, many children still face difficulty in obtaining services. One strategy to increase access is through mobile dental services, often in collaboration with schools, Head Start programs, and school‐based health centers. This study evaluates a large mobile dental care program based in Minnesota.METHODSThematic analysis of interview data collected during a 2‐day site visit and multivariate regression analysis of electronic records of patients (adults and children) that received care from 2000 through 2015, representing 84,279 unique patients.RESULTSThe number of patients increased from 5558 in 2000 to 13,863 in 2015. There was a decline in the share of preventive procedures over this period, from 45.7% to 29.4%, and an increase in the share of patients seen at fixed sites. The interview data revealed that program growth relied on relationships with school leaders, expanded scope of practice for dental assistants and dental therapists, and high Medicaid reimbursement.CONCLUSIONSMobile dental care programs can increase both preventive and restorative dental care for individuals who otherwise would not easily access oral health care services; mobile dental programs could be an option in many other communities and schools.
Effect of genistein on IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 in young and aged female rat ovary
Authors: Chi Xiao‐xing , Zhang Tao , Chu Xiao‐li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the effects of genistein (GEN) on expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP‐1) in young and aged rat ovary. Forty young female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (200 ± 20 g) and forty aged female SD rats (490 ± 20 g) were selected and according to weight, they were divided into the following five groups with eight animals in each: negative control group (NC), low‐dose group (L), middle‐dose group (M), high‐dose group (H) and positive control group (PC). GEN group received GEN of 15, 30, 60 mg/kg respectively. It lasted 30 days. Concentrations of serum hormones, IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene and protein expressions of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were determined by real‐time PCR and Western blot respectively. Compared with NC, GEN significantly increased oestradiol‐17β(E2) level in aged rat, reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) level in young and aged rat. Serum levels of IGFBP‐1 in young rats were significantly higher in GEN groups (p < 0.05). mRNA and protein expression levels of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 were positively correlated with GEN dose. GEN could significantly reduce the ratio of IGF‐1/IGFBP‐1 of aged rats. Multivariate Cox regression analysis result showed IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1 levels significantly correlated with GEN dose. We speculate that there is an association between the addition of GEN and expression of IGF‐1 and IGFBP‐1, and the relationship between them is different in young and aged rat.
How oral health and food sensory properties impact oral comfort during consumption of apples: A comparative approach in seniors and young adults
Authors: Braud Adeline , Symoneaux Ronan , Patron Corinne , Brasse Céline , Forgerit Véronique , Lourtioux Flore , Picouet Pierre , Maitre Isabelle 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTDifficulties encountered during oral processing may cause food avoidance and increase the risk of malnutrition in older adults. The present survey aimed at comparing oral comfort experienced during consumption of apples in elderly and younger people. To do this, 122 participants divided into a senior group (65–83 years) and a control group (35–64 years) rated three varieties of apples (Gala, Granny Smith, Honey Crunch) using a “food comfortability” questionnaire related to general comfort, bolus formation, pain, texture, and taste sensations, and were assessed for their oral conditions. Each score of the “food comfortability” questionnaire was then submitted to a global principal component analysis and an analysis of variance. Apple variety was a significant factor for all items of the questionnaire. Age significantly affected dental pain, crunchiness, and melting sensation, with increased scores for pain and melting perception, and decreased scores for crunchiness when aging. Global comfort experienced while eating apple was also impacted by dental status and resting saliva flow rate. Bolus moistening was related to stimulated saliva flow rate, and its fragmentation was dependant on denture use. Painful sensations depended on self‐reported oral quality of life and sweet taste perception was influenced by the presence of oral mucosal disease. Apple variety is a good predictor of oral comfort experienced while eating. Altough age has a little effect on pain and texture perception, oral conditions such as missing teeth or denture use also contribute to oral comfort when consuming apples.