bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction Technology Can Impose Influences on Peanut Oil Functional Quality: A Study to Investigate the Lipid Metabolism by Sprague–Dawley Rat Model
Authors: Wang Wuliang , Yang Xiaoyu , Ye Zhan , Li Youdong , Liu Yuanfa , Cao Peirang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, peanut oil was prepared by cold pressing (temperature under 60 °C), hot pressing (temperature above 105 °C), and enzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction technology. Influences of an extraction technology on the oil fatty acid composition and the content of minor bioactive compounds, including tocopherols, polyphenols, and squalene, were investigated in detail. High‐fat‐diet Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat model was then established to probe the impact of cold‐pressed peanut oil (CPO), hot‐pressed peanut oil (HPO), and enzyme‐assisted aqueous‐extracted peanut oil (EAO) on lipid metabolism outcomes, to explore influences of different extraction technologies on lipid functional quality. Results showed that oleic acid was the predominate fatty acid in the EAO (52.57 ± 0.11%), which was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) than CPO and HPO. The HPO showed higher total tocopherol and polyphenol contents (206.84 ± 6.93 mg/kg and 47.87 ± 6.50 mg GA/kg, respectively) than CPO and EAO (P < 0.05). However, the squalene content in CPO was 475.47 ± 12.75 mg/kg, which was the highest among the three oils (P < 0.05). The animal experiment results revealed that EAO could be more prone to induce lipid accumulation in the liver, which may likely to cause nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the serum lipid profiles indicated that the CPO was more beneficial than the EAO and HPO in lowering the serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase contents, and increasing the high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol content. All of our efforts indicated that an extraction technology can affect the peanut oil lipid fatty acid composition, the bioactive compounds content, and, correspondingly, the lipid metabolism in SD rats.
Diversity and composition of intertidal gastropod microbiomes across a major marine biogeographic boundary
Authors: Neu Alexander T. , Allen Eric E. , Roy Kaustuv 
Published: March 2019

SummaryMarine biogeographic boundaries act as barriers to dispersal for many animal species, thereby creating distinctive faunas on either side. However, how such boundaries affect the distributions of microbial taxa remains poorly known. To test whether biogeographic boundaries influence the diversity and composition of host‐associated microbiota, we analysed the microbiomes of three species of common intertidal gastropods at two sites separated by the biogeographic boundary at Point Conception (PtC), CA, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results show that each host species shows microbiome compositional specificity, even across PtC, and that alpha diversity does not change significantly across this boundary for any of the gastropod hosts. However, for two of the host species, beta diversity differs significantly across PtC, indicating that there may be multiple levels of organization of the marine gastropod microbiome. Overall, our results suggest that while biogeographic boundaries do not constrain the distribution of a core set of microbes associated with each host species, they can play a role in structuring the transient portion of the microbiome.
Efficacy of anti‐inflammatory treatment on major depressive disorder or depressive symptoms: meta‐analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Köhler‐Forsberg O. , N. Lydholm C. , Hjorthøj C. , Nordentoft M. , Mors O. , Benros M. E. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundNo study has gathered evidence from all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with anti‐inflammatory drugs measuring antidepressant effects including a detailed assessment of side‐effects and bias.MethodsWe performed a systematic review identifying RCTs published prior to January 1, 2018, studying antidepressant treatment effects and side‐effects of pharmacological anti‐inflammatory intervention in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) or depressive symptoms. Outcomes were depression scores after treatment, remission, response, and side‐effects. Pooled standard mean differences (SMD) and risk ratios (RR) including 95% confidence intervals (95%‐CI) were calculated.ResultsWe identified 36 RCTs, whereof 13 investigated NSAIDs (N = 4214), 9 cytokine inhibitors (N = 3345), seven statins (N = 1576), 3 minocycline (N = 151), 2 pioglitazone (N = 77), and 2 glucocorticoids (N = 59). Anti‐inflammatory agents improved depressive symptoms compared to placebo as add‐on in patients with MDD (SMD = −0.64; 95%‐CI = −0.88, −0.40; I2 = 51%; N = 597) and as monotherapy (SMD = −0.41; 95%‐CI = −0.60, −0.22; I2 = 93%, N = 8825). Anti‐inflammatory add‐on improved response (RR = 1.76; 95%‐CI = 1.44–2.16; I2 = 16%; N = 341) and remission (RR = 2.14; 95%‐CI = 1.03–4.48; I2 = 57%; N = 270). We found a trend toward an increased risk for infections, and all studies showed high risk of bias.ConclusionAnti‐inflammatory agents improved antidepressant treatment effects. Future RCTs need to include longer follow‐up, identify optimal doses and subgroups of patients that can benefit from anti‐inflammatory intervention.
Antibiotic treatment for patients with amniotic fluid “sludge” to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: A historically controlled observational study
Authors: Hatanaka Alan Roberto , Franca Marcelo Santucci , Hamamoto Tatiana Emy Nishimoto Kawanami , Rolo Liliam Cristine , Mattar Rosiane , Moron Antonio Fernandes 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionAmniotic fluid “sludge” has been associated with an increased rate of spontaneous preterm delivery before 35 weeks, a higher frequency of clinical and histologic chorioamnionitis in a high‐risk population. Only one study evaluating the use of antibiotics in the presence of amniotic fluid “sludge” showed reduced rates of spontaneous preterm birth at <34 weeks. The objective of this study was to evaluate routine antibiotic treatment in the presence of amniotic fluid “sludge” for prevention of preterm delivery.Material and methodsA historically controlled observational study was performed between October 2010 and January 2015, including a total of 86 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies and the presence of amniotic fluid “sludge” at ultrasound. Women admitted from October 2010 to September 2012 received no treatment with antibiotics, whereas those admitted from October 2012 to January 2015, received routinely clindamycin and first‐generation cephalosporin. The groups were compared considering the incidence of spontaneous preterm delivery. The effect of antimicrobials was also compared in the subgroup of women at high risk for spontaneous preterm birth (ie, cervical length ≤25 mm, history of spontaneous preterm birth, previous spontaneous loss in the second trimester, Mullerian malformations or cervical conization).ResultsAntibiotic therapy reduced the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth at <34 weeks (13.2% vs 38.5%, P = 0.047) in women at high‐risk for preterm birth, with an odds ratio of 0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06‐0.99). Birthweight was significantly different between the study groups (2961 ± 705 vs. 2554 ± 819 g, respectively; P = 0.028), with no statistical significance for others variables.ConclusionsThis study suggests that antibiotic treatment in high‐risk pregnant women with amniotic fluid “sludge” can be effective in the reduction of the frequency of spontaneous preterm delivery and can increase the birthweight.
Population structure and morphology of South African deep‐water parapagurid hermit crabs
Authors: Wright Amy G. , Griffiths Charles L. , Botha Thomas P. A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe parapagurid hermit crabs Sympagurus dimorphus (Studer, 1883) and Parapagurus bouvieri (Stebbing, 1910) form dominant components of South African deeper‐water benthic invertebrate communities and, as adults, forego the use of “traditional” gastropod shells in favour of symbiotically associated Epizoanthus carcinoecia. A total of 1,122 adult S. dimorphus and 549 adult P. bouvieri derived from demersal research trawl surveys were examined to investigate parameters of population structure, carcinoecia association and morphology. S. dimorphus had a female‐biased sex ratio of 1:1.5, and P. bouvieri an equal sex ratio of 1:1. The proportion of males of both species increased with cephalothoracic shield length (CL). The lengths of the major right chelipeds of both S. dimorphus males and females, and P. bouvieri males were positively allometric, and negatively allometric in P. bouvieri females. All P. bouvieri inhabited carcinoecia, while 3.39% (n = 38) of S. dimorphus specimens occupied gastropod shells. There was a positive relationship between S. dimorphus CL and rate of gastropod shell occupation (r2 = 0.96). In S. dimorphus, number of zoanthid polyps forming the carcinoecia pseudoshell increased with both total shell volume (R2 = 0.73) and colony height (R2 = 0.61), but no such relationships were found for P. bouvieri. Euspira napus was the most common original shell around which carcinoecia developed in both S. dimorphus (45.45%) and P. bouvieri (39.00%). We speculate that these hermit species exist along an evolutionary continuum of carcinoecia use. Sympagurus dimorphus retains the ability to occupy both gastropod shells and pseudoshells and, like most other hermit crabs, continue to use shells/carcinoecia as shelters to protect the entire body. In contrast, adult P. bouvieri appear to be totally reliant on carcinoecia, which they use more as a brood pouch covering only the abdomen, rather than as a shelter into which they can fully retract to escape predation.
Students’ interest in Scratch coding in lower secondary mathematics
Authors: Dohn Niels Bonderup 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe ability to code computer programs is considered an important part of literacy in today’s society. This paper reports from a case study in two sixth‐grade classes where Scratch coding was part of six mathematics lessons. The aim of the study was to investigate how Scratch coding affected students’ interest development in coding and in mathematics. Data were collected using a convergent parallel mixed methods design. The results show a slight, but nevertheless significant, negative effect on students’ average interest in coding, as well as in mathematics. Students attributed this to the level of difficulty and the tedious workflow, indicating that their waning interest was due to the prescriptive nature of tasks that offered neither a sense of accomplishment nor the chance for autonomous input. However, situational interest was triggered in off‐task coding situations. These situations were not related to the mathematical coding tasks but to the use of existing Scratch games and animations. The findings point to the importance of design principles that allow students an opportunity to tinker, but also to a need for an increased focus on facilitating the development of design knowledge within teacher professional development.
A proof‐of‐concept, Phase 2 clinical trial of the gastrointestinal safety of a hydrogen sulfide‐releasing anti‐inflammatory drug
Authors: Wallace John L. , Nagy Peter , Feener Troy D. , Allain Thibault , Ditrói Tamás , Vaughan David J. , Muscara Marcelo N. , de Nucci Gilberto , Buret Andre G. 
Published: March 2019

Background and PurposeATB‐346 is a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)‐releasing anti‐inflammatory and analgesic drug. Animal studies demonstrated negligible gastrointestinal (GI) damage despite marked inhibition of COX activity and significant analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects. In humans, ATB‐346 (250 mg once daily) was found to inhibit COX to the same extent as naproxen (550 mg twice daily).Experimental ApproachTwo hundred forty‐four healthy volunteers completed a 2‐week, double‐blind study, taking either ATB‐346 (250 mg once daily) or naproxen (550 mg twice daily), with upper GI ulceration being examined endoscopically.Key ResultsForty‐two per cent of the subjects taking naproxen developed at least one ulcer (≥3‐mm diameter), while only 3% of the subjects taking ATB‐346 developed at least one ulcer. The two drugs produced comparable and substantial (>94%) suppression of COX activity. Subjects in the naproxen group developed more ulcers per subject than ATB‐346‐treated subjects and a greater incidence of larger ulcers (≥5‐mm diameter). The incidence of dyspepsia, abdominal pain, gastro‐oesophageal reflux, and nausea was lower with ATB‐346 than with naproxen. Subjects treated with ATB‐346 had significantly higher plasma levels of H2S than those treated with naproxen.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis Phase 2B study provides unequivocal evidence for a marked reduction of GI toxicity of the H2S‐releasing analgesic/anti‐inflammatory drug, ATB‐346, as compared to the conventional dose of naproxen that produced equivalent suppression of COX.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Hydrogen Sulfide in Biology & Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.4/issuetoc
Changing biological disease modifying treatment for paediatric uveitis in the real world
Authors: Oh Lawrence J. , Nguyen Chu L. , Phan Kevin , Wong Eugene , Zagora Sophia , Singh‐Grewal Davinder , Chaitow Jeffrey , Grigg John R. , McCluskey Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImportancePaediatric uveitis is a severe sight‐threatening uveitis due to disease progression and treatment failure. Biological agents are a promising new treatment. This study provides real‐world data on their use from Sydney, Australia.BackgroundTraditionally corticosteroids and non‐biological immunosuppressive agents were used to treat paediatric uveitis, often with poor outcomes.DesignRetrospective, chart review over an 8‐year period at a tertiary referral eye hospital.ParticipantsA total of 27 paediatric uveitis patients treated with biological agents.MethodsChart review of demographic data and treatment outcomes.Main Outcome MeasuresTreatment efficacy (corticosteroid‐sparing effect, topical steroid cessation/reduction, reduction in systemic‐steroid sparing agents, change in intraocular inflammation, visual acuity and central macular thickness); treatment failure; and adverse events. Data were collected at biological initiation, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months.ResultsBiological therapy over 1 year was effective with prednisolone dose reduced to <5 mg/day in five of six patients (83%), number of systemic steroid‐sparing agents was reduced to ≤1 in two of four patients (50%) and cessation of topical steroid achieved in 12/41 of eyes (29%). Improvement of anterior chamber cells by two grades occurred in 20/25 eyes (80%), improvement of logMAR to ≤0.3 occurred in 12/18 eyes (67%) and macular oedema decreased in 4/5 eyes (80%). Treatment failure occurred in six eyes (13.01%) and five patients (18.5%) developed an adverse reaction.Conclusions and RelevanceBiological therapy was effective in paediatric patients with uveitis. Intraocular inflammation improved with maintained visual acuity, systemic corticosteroid dose decreased and there was a low frequency of adverse events.
Is this America? Unfinished business with the U.S. national imaginary, religion and violence
Authors: Denton‐Borhaug Kelly 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article first proposes definitions and raises questions about what it means to be a nation. I then analyze the national imaginary of the United States, and suggest that at its deepest core we find “substitute ultimates” regarding America's sacrificial war‐culture. This cultural violence perpetuates destructive consequences, including the phenomena of “U.S. war‐culture,” and “moral injury” among military servicemembers and veterans. But widespread legitimation of the imaginary largely inhibits citizens from awareness about their own reality. Lastly, I inquire about the role of prophetic public theology to address nationalism, and engage in a thought experiment with an imagined community of diverse partners.
Role of femoral derotation on gait after selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Van Campenhout Anja , Huenaerts Catherine , Poulussen Liesbeth , Prinsen Sandra D , Desloovere Kaat 
Published: March 2019

AimTo evaluate the long‐term outcome of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on gait and the influence of previous femoral derotation osteotomy (FDO).MethodIn a retrospective cohort study of 29 children (16 females, 13 males) with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, 14 children received FDO before SDR, whereas 15 children with moderate or near‐normal internal femoral rotation during gait received only SDR. Three‐dimensional gait data were obtained pre‐FDO, pre‐SDR, 1 year post‐SDR, and 3 to 5 years post‐SDR, to study the Gait Profile Score (GPS), pelvic tilt, and knee and hip kinematics. A mixed analysis of variance with the repeated measure ‘time’ was performed between different time points for each group.ResultsChildren who first underwent FDO and then SDR started with a more complex gait pathology but showed fewer gait deviations 3 to 5 years post‐SDR, compared to children who only underwent SDR. This was reflected by a lower GPS and pelvic tilt, as well as less knee flexion in stance.InterpretationThe effect of SDR on gait is only significant in the mid‐ to long‐term if the bony lever arms are also corrected. Thus, the clinical outcome after SDR is dependent on good proximal alignment.What this paper adds

Pelvic tilt remains stable after femoral derotation osteotomy (FDO)+selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR).

But pelvic tilt deteriorates after SDR only.

Hip and knee extension is better after FDO+SDR than after SDR only.

Spasticity reduction (by SDR) combined with bony lever arm correction (by FDO) improves gait.
Sir Thomas More's Utopia: An overlooked economic classic
Authors: Mangeloja Esa , Ovaska Tomi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSir Thomas More's Utopia, published in 1516, is a classic work of how to organise a society based on common property. With a unique mix of common property, institutions and sound economic insights, we argue that More built a framework for a society that could be viable in the long run. While the conditions that make Utopia work are quite restrictive, it does provide a sketch of a society where common property may not stifle long‐term development, but is associated with productive workers and people content with their lives.
How to draft ‘good’ minutes of monetary policy decisions
Authors: Qvigstad Jan Fredrik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe minutes of monetary policy decisions at central banks vary substantially. A common norm does not exist. To ensure accountability and guide policy expectations, the minutes should satisfy some basic requirements. In search of criteria for ‘good’ minutes, it is relevant to look at how supreme courts write their decisions. Four criteria for ‘good’ minutes are proposed. The minutes of six central banks are assessed against the proposed criteria. In spite of the substantial variation in format, their minutes largely satisfy the criteria. The central banks' minutes seem to reflect their individual communication histories. The central banks could learn from each other, but also from the supreme courts, especially in terms of how they organise the writing of the minority view.
Misclassification of bicuspid aortic valves is common and varies by imaging modality and patient characteristics
Authors: Cramer Peyton M. , Prakash Siddharth K. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundBicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent adult congenital heart defect. BAV causes lifelong progressive disease that can be prevented by early diagnosis and long‐term surveillance, but may be compromised by misclassification of valve morphology.MethodsThe study population was derived from the UTHealth Bicuspid Aortic Valve Registry, which includes serial images on more than 200 participants over a mean follow‐up interval of 2.8 years. We abstracted descriptions of aortic valve morphology from transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography reports. We used chi‐square and t tests to determine associations between reported valve morphologies (definitely bicuspid, possibly bicuspid, tricuspid, or uncertain) and clinical characteristics and assessed image quality using a validated tool.ResultsAbout 40% of participants were misclassified in at least one imaging report. The mean interval between misclassification and correct diagnosis was 22 months. TEE, MR and CT were more sensitive than TTE and successfully reclassified 20% of participants, but were only used in 14% of patients. Misclassification was associated with age, the extent of valve calcification and image quality, but was not significantly associated with aortic regurgitation, gender, or cusp configuration.ConclusionMisclassification of BAV is prevalent, frequently leads to delayed diagnosis, and is more likely to occur in the most severely affected cases. TEE, CT and MR may increase diagnostic accuracy in up to half of BAV cases but are underutilized. Additional studies are needed to determine if misclassification of BAV patients leads to increased long‐term morbidity and mortality.
Remodeling classification system considering left ventricular volume in patients with aortic valve stenosis: Association with adverse cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Barbieri Andrea , Bartolacelli Ylenia , Bursi Francesca , Manicardi Marcella , Boriani Giuseppe 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundTo assess prevalence and clinical implications of left ventricular (LV) remodeling considering: LV volume, mass and relative wall thickness at the time of aortic valve stenosis diagnosis.Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively analyzed 343 patients (age 79.2 ± 9.5 years, 48.1% males) with functional aortic valve area (AVA) ≤ 1.5 cm2. LV geometric patterns and clinical outcomes (combined death, cardiac hospitalization, aortic valve replacement [AVR]) were evaluated. According to the new LV remodeling classification, 4.9% had normal geometry, 7.5% concentric remodeling, 39.3% concentric hypertrophy (LVH), 22.4% mixed LVH, 12.5% dilated LVH, 3.2% eccentric LVH and 4.3% eccentric remodeling, 5.5% had not classifiable LVH. Indexed stroke volume (SVi) was higher in patients with concentric LVH (40.3 ± 11.9 mL/m2) and mixed LVH (41.6 ± 13.4 mL/m2) and lower in patients with eccentric LVH (24.9 ± 7.7 mL/m2), concentric (36.6 ± 12.7 mL/m2) and eccentric remodeling (34.9 ± 9.5 mL/m2), P = 0.003. During a median follow‐up of 2.2 years, 260 (75.8%) had the combined end point. A significant association between the combined end point and LV dilation (P = 0.010) or LV remodeling patterns (P = 0.0001) was found. After multivariable adjustment for AVR, concentric remodeling (HR 3.12, IC 95% 1.14–8.55; P = 0.02) and dilated LVH (HR 3.48, IC 95% 1.31–9.27; P = 0.01) were strongly associated with death or cardiac hospitalizations.ConclusionsIn patients with AVA ≤ 1.5 cm2, when the new LV remodeling classification system is applied, only a minority had normal geometry and less than half had “classic” concentric LVH or remodeling. LV volume dilatation is frequent and associated with adverse outcome. Concentric remodeling, eccentric remodeling, dilated LVH had the worst noninvasive hemodynamic profile and prognosis.