bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal transduction mediated by the plant UV‐B photoreceptor UVR8
Authors: Liang Tong , Yang Yu , Liu Hongtao 
Published: October 2018

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
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II.
The UVR8–COP1 pathway
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III.
The UVR8–WRKY36 pathway
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IV.
The UVR8–BES1/BIM1 pathway
1249

V.
Other pathways
1250

VI.
Conclusion and perspectives
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Acknowledgements
1251

References
1251

SummaryUltraviolet‐B (UV‐B) light is an intrinsic part of sunlight that has significant effects on plant development and acclimation responses. UVR8 (UV Resistance Locus 8) is the long sought‐after UV‐B photoreceptor that mediates UV‐B light perception and signal transduction. UV‐B irradiation induces the monomerization and nuclear accumulation of UVR8 in plant cells to activate the UV‐B signaling pathway. The photoactivated UVR8 could transduce UV‐B signal via multiple mechanisms to regulate transcription and plant growth. Here, we summarize current understanding of UVR8‐mediated UV‐B signal transduction pathways, including UVR8–COP1 (CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1) and UVR8–WRKY36 (WRKY DNA‐BINDING PROTEIN 36), UVR8–BES1 (BRI1‐EMS‐SUPPRESSOR1) and BIM1 (BES1‐INTERACTING MYC‐LIKE 1).
Insight into the evolution and functional characteristics of the pan‐genome assembly from sesame landraces and modern cultivars
Authors: Yu Jingyin , Golicz Agnieszka A. , Lu Kun , Dossa Komivi , Zhang Yanxin , Chen Jinfeng , Wang Linhai , You Jun , Fan Dingding , Edwards David , Zhang Xiurong 
Published: October 2018

SummarySesame (Sesamum indicumL.) is an important oil crop renowned for its high oil content and quality. Recently, genome assemblies for five sesame varieties including two landraces (S. indicumcv. Baizhima and Mishuozhima) and three modern cultivars (S. indicumvar. Zhongzhi13, Yuzhi11 and Swetha), have become available providing a rich resource for comparative genomic analyses and gene discovery. Here, we employed a reference‐assisted assembly approach to improve the draft assemblies of four of the sesame varieties. We then constructed a sesame pan‐genome of 554.05 Mb. The pan‐genome contained 26 472 orthologous gene clusters; 15 409 (58.21%) of them were core (present across all five sesame genomes), whereas the remaining 41.79% (11 063) clusters and the 15 890 variety‐specific genes were dispensable. Comparisons between varieties suggest that modern cultivars from China and India display significant genomic variation. The gene families unique to the sesame modern cultivars contain genes mainly related to yield and quality, while those unique to the landraces contain genes involved in environmental adaptation. Comparative evolutionary analysis indicates that several genes involved in plant‐pathogen interaction and lipid metabolism are under positive selection, which may be associated with sesame environmental adaption and selection for high seed oil content. This study of the sesame pan‐genome provides insights into the evolution and genomic characteristics of this important oilseed and constitutes a resource for further sesame crop improvement.
Clinical implication of renal allograft volume to recipient body surface area ratio in pediatric renal transplant
Authors: Chua Michael E. , Kim Jin Kyu , Gnech Michele , Ming Jessica M. , Amir Bisma , Fernandez Nicolas , Lorenzo Armando J , Farhat Walid A. , Hebert Diane , Dos Santos Joana , Koyle Martin A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOur study aims to assess the clinical implication of RAV/rBSA ratio in PRT as a predictor for attained renal function at 1 year post‐transplantation and its association with surgical complications. A retrospective cohort was performed for PRT cases from January 2000 to December 2015 in our institution. Extracted clinical information includes the recipient's demographics, donor type, renal allograft characteristics, arterial, venous and ureteral anastomoses, vascular anastomosis time while kidney off ice, overall operative time, and estimated blood loss. The RAV/rBSA was extrapolated and assessed for its association with renal graft function attained in 1 year post‐transplantation and surgical complications within 30‐day post‐transplantation. A total of 324 PRTs cases were analyzed. The cohort consisted of 187 (52.4%) male and 137 (42.3%) female recipients, with 152 (46.9%) living donor and 172 (53.1%) deceased donor renal transplants, and an overall median age of 155.26 months (IQR 76.70‐186.98) at time of renal transplantation. The receiver operating characteristic identified that a RAV/rBSA ratio of 135 was the optimal cutoff in determining the renal graft function outcome. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed the relative OR for RAV/rBSA ≥ 135 ratio in predicting an eGFR ≥ 90 attained within 1 year post‐transplant was highest among younger pediatric recipients (<142.5 months) of deceased kidney donors (OR = 11.143, 95% CI = 3.156‐39.34). Conversely, Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that RAV/rBSA ratio ≥ 135 is associated with lower odds of having eGFR <60 (OR = 0.417, 95% CI = 0.203‐0.856). The RAV/rBSA ratio was not associated nor predictive of transplant‐related surgical complications. Our study determined that the RAV/rBSA ratio is predictive of renal graft function at 1‐year PRT, but not associated with any increased surgical complications.
Liver transplantation during infancy: No increased rate of neurological complications
Authors: Ameres Markus , Melter Michael , Zant Robert , Schilling Stefan , Geis Tobias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractpLT is a highly standardized therapy for children with end‐stage liver disease and liver‐based metabolic diseases. However, NCs after transplantation occur and especially younger children are considered as more vulnerable and susceptible to NCs. Up to now, detailed data particularly for the very young age group do not exist. We therefore retrospectively studied NCs in children after pLT under age of 24 months. Forty children aged between 19 days and 22 months were evaluated according to type of NC and potential risk factors. NCs occurred in 8/40 patients (20%). All experienced new‐onset seizures and in 1/6 surviving patients, seizures evolved into epilepsy. Other NCs were intracerebral abscess (1/8 patients) and subdural hemorrhage (1/8 patients). The overall 3‐year mortality rate was 10% (4/40 patients). Significant risk factors for NCs and therefore seizures were HAT (P = 0.020), total surgery time (P = 0.009), retransplantation (P < 0.001), period of catecholamine therapy (P = 0.024), period of mechanical ventilation (P = 0.014), and period of sedation (P = 0.010). Our study is the first to provide detailed information on NCs after pLT in children under 24 months of age. The incidence of NCs in this particular group of very young patients was not increased compared to previously published data of children of all ages. Main NC was new‐onset seizure. In the surviving infants, prognosis of seizure was excellent and the risk of developing epilepsy was low. Even more, the occurrence of NCs did not significantly affect mortality or survival in this particular age group.
Expression analysis of cellulose synthases that comprise the Type II complex in hybrid aspen
Authors: Osako Y. , Takata N. , Nuoendagula  , Ishikawa S. , Umezawa T. , Taniguchi T. , Kajita S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Gene duplication in plants occurs via several different mechanisms, including whole genome duplication, and the copied genes acquire various forms and types. The cellulose synthase (CesA) family functions in cellulose synthesis complex (CSC) formation, which is involved in the synthesis of primary and secondary cell walls in plants. In the genome of Populus, 17 CesA have been annotated, and some of them appeared through whole genome duplication. The nucleotide sequence of the duplicated genes changed during subsequent evolution, and functional differentiation of genes might have occurred.

To gain insight into the evolutionary fate of the duplicated CesA, expression analysis with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions and promoter–reporter assays was performed on three duplicated gene pairs whose products have been reported to form a single CSC.

Changes in expression of each gene at different developmental stages were detected and divergent expression patterns in different organs and tissues observed between the gene pairs. Among the tested genes, expression of PttCesA3‐C was apparently lower than that of its counterpart, PttCesA3‐D.

The results suggest that the six CesA are approaching sub‐functionalisation or non‐functionalisation. Furthermore, the level of functionalisation may vary among the three pairs of genes, and functional specialisation of each CesA should have been achieved, at least partially, through differences in expression of genes.
Sperm quality during extra‐gonadal sperm reserve depletion in stallions
Authors: Len Jose A. , Beehan David , Eilts Bruce , Lyle Sara K. 
Published: October 2018

ContentsTo estimate when, during stallions’ extra‐gonadal reserves (EGR) depletion period, sperm quality would reach its highest quality, six light breed sexually rested stallions were collected daily for 7 days to deplete EGR. On collection days 1, 3, 5, and 7, sperm output, total (TM) and progressive (PM) motility, morphology, and plasma membrane (PLM) integrity were evaluated. Sperm output decreased as EGR depletion advanced, stabilizing on days 5–7. Sperm motility (TM and PM) and morphology were not different during EGR depletion. Plasma membrane integrity improved from day 1 to 3; however, no further improvement observed on days 5 and 7. Sperm of sexually rested stallions reach the highest quality on day 3 of the EGR depletion period.
Downstepped High Tone in Persian Spontaneous Speech Intonation
Authors: Sadat‐Tehrani Nima 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis corpus‐based research examines a downstepped boundary tone in Persian spontaneous declaratives and yes/no questions (YNQs), by looking at 318 minutes of spontaneous phone conversations of 21 female and 21 male speakers in three age groups, 20s, 30s, and 40s. The downsteppedYNQs lack the final rise typically found in read utterances, which is associated with the non‐genuineness of the interrogative and a lowered degree of the hearer's commitment to provide a reply. The downstep in declaratives, accompanied by a following pause, creates functions such as topicalization and facilitates the cognitive pre‐planning of speech. There is no effect of sex and age on the production of this tone. The specific functions of this tone and its independence of adjacent tones argue for its inclusion in the grammar of Persian intonation. Additionally, this research is in itself a first‐time investigation of the intonation of Persian spontaneousYNQs and shows that the majority of them share the same intonation pattern with lab producedYNQs.
The altered mechanical phenotype of fetal fibroblasts hinders myofibroblast differentiation
Authors: Jerrell Rachel J. , Leih Mitchell J. , Parekh Aron 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring the dermal wound healing process, the mechanical rigidity of the newly deposited extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor‐β1 promote the transition of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts generate large cellular forces that contract and remodel the extracellular matrix leading to scar formation. In contrast, myofibroblasts are not detected in fetal dermal wounds which are more compliant and contain less transforming growth factor‐β1 than adult wounds. Instead, fetal fibroblasts orchestrate scarless healing of dermal wounds resulting in healed tissues that resemble uninjured dermis. While these biomechanical differences suggest that the fetal wound environment promotes smaller cellular forces which enable regeneration, previous studies indicate that fetal fibroblasts have unique contractile properties that may facilitate scarless dermal repair. Therefore, we tested whether physiologic wound rigidities and transforming growth factor‐β1 induce contractile forces and myofibroblast differentiation of fetal dermal fibroblasts. In comparison to their adult dermal counterparts, we found that fetal fibroblasts exhibit a deficient contractile response to rigid extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor‐β1. Our data suggest that the contractile phenotype of fetal dermal fibroblasts limits their cellular force production and prevents their ability to differentiate into myofibroblasts.
Diverse relaxation rates exist among rat cardiomyocytes isolated from a single myocardial region
Authors: Clark J. Alexander , Campbell Stuart G. 
Published: October 2018

Key points
Prior studies have shown variation in the functional properties of cardiomyocytes isolated from different regions of the left ventricular myocardium.
We found that these region‐dependent variations vanish below a tissue volume of ∼7 mm3 in the adult rat myocardium, revealing a fixed level of intrinsic relaxation rate heterogeneity that is independent of tissue volume.
Within these microscopically varying cell populations, fast‐relaxing cells were shown to have elevated phosphorylated troponin I compared to slow‐relaxing cells.
Relaxation rate was also correlated with cardiomyocyte length, in that slow‐relaxing cells were longer than fast‐relaxing cells.
These results show a new relationship between cardiomyocyte morphology and myofilament relaxation, and suggest that functional diversity among individual myocytes at the microscale may contribute to bulk relaxation of the myocardium.
AbstractThe mean contractility and calcium handling properties of cardiomyocytes isolated from different regions of the ventricular myocardium are known to vary significantly. We designed experiments to quantify the variance in contractile properties among cells within the same myocardial region. Longitudinal strips of myocardial tissue were excised from the epicardial left ventricular free walls of adult Sprague–Dawley rats and then treated with collagenase to isolate individual myocytes. Cardiomyocytes were characterized by measuring sarcomere length changes and calcium transients during electrical pacing. Variance of the time from peak sarcomere shortening to 50% re‐lengthening (RT50) was assessed in each cell population. Isolating cells from progressively shorter strips allowed an estimate of the myocardial volume below which regional variation vanished and only microscale heterogeneity remained (∼7 mm3). The SD of RT50 within this myocardial volume was 28% of the mean. In a series of follow‐up experiments, RT50 was shown to correlate significantly with resting myocyte length, suggesting a connection between cell morphology and intrinsic relaxation behaviour. To explore the mechanistic basis of varying RT50, a novel single‐cell aspirator was employed to collect small batches of cardiomyocytes grouped according to their relaxation rates (fast or slow). Western blot analysis of the two groups revealed significantly elevated troponin I phosphorylation in fast‐relaxing cells. Our observations suggest that cell‐to‐cell heterogeneity of active contractile properties is substantial, with implications for how we understand myocardial relaxation and design drug therapies intended to alter relaxation rate.
Oxygen, evolution and redox signalling in the human brain; quantum in the quotidian
Authors: Bailey Damian Miles 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRising atmospheric oxygen (O2) levels provided a selective pressure for the evolution of O2‐dependent micro‐organisms that began with the autotrophic eukaryotes. Since these primordial times, the respiring mammalian cell has become entirely dependent on the constancy of electron flow, with molecular O2 serving as the terminal electron acceptor in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Indeed, the ability to ‘sense’ O2 and maintain homeostasis is considered one of the most important roles of the central nervous system (CNS) and probably represented a major driving force in the evolution of the human brain. Today, modern humans have evolved with an oversized brain committed to a continually active state and, as a consequence, paradoxically vulnerable to failure if the O2 supply is interrupted. However, our pre‐occupation with O2, the elixir of life, obscures the fact that it is a gas with a Janus face, capable of sustaining life in physiologically controlled amounts yet paradoxically deadly to the CNS when in excess. A closer look at its quantum structure reveals precisely why; the triplet ground state diatomic O2 molecule is paramagnetic and exists in air as a free radical, constrained from reacting aggressively with the brain's organic molecules due to its ‘spin restriction’, a thermodynamic quirk of evolutionary fate. By further exploring O2’s free radical ‘quantum quirkiness’, including emergent (quantum) physiological phenomena, our understanding of precisely how the human brain senses O2 deprivation (hypoxia) and the elaborate redox‐signalling defence mechanisms that defend O2 homeostasis has the potential to offer unique insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of human brain disease.
Group-Based Trajectory Analysis of Physical Activity Change in a US Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Imes Christopher C. , Zheng Yaguang , Mendez Dara D. , Rockette-Wagner Bonny J. , Mattos Meghan K. , Goode Rachel W. , Sereika Susan M. , Burke Lora E. 
Published: October 2018

Background: The obesity epidemic is a global concern. Standard behavioral treatment including increased physical activity, reduced energy intake, and behavioral change counseling is an effective lifestyle intervention for weight loss. Purpose: To identify distinct step count patterns among weight loss intervention participants, examine weight loss differences by trajectory group, and examine baseline factors associated with trajectory group membership. Methods: Both groups received group-based standard behavioral treatment while the experimental group received up to 30 additional, one-on-one self-efficacy enhancement sessions. Data were analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling, analysis of variance, chi-square tests, and multinomial logistic regression. Results: Participants (N = 120) were mostly female (81.8%) and white (73.6%) with a mean (SD) body mass index of 33.2 (3.8) kg/m2. Four step count trajectory groups were identified: active (>10,000 steps/day; 11.7%), somewhat active (7500–10,000 steps/day; 28.3%), low active (5000–7500 steps/day; 27.5%), and sedentary (<5000 steps/day; 32.5%). Percent weight loss at 12 months increased incrementally by trajectory group (5.1% [5.7%], 7.8% [6.9%], 8.0% [7.4%], and 13.63% [7.0%], respectively; P = .001). At baseline, lower body mass index and higher perceived health predicted membership in the better performing trajectory groups. Conclusions: Within a larger group of adults in a weight loss intervention, 4 distinct trajectory groups were identified and group membership was associated with differential weight loss.
Trends in social determinants of child health and perinatal outcomes in European countries 2005–2015 by level of austerity imposed by governments: a repeat cross-sectional analysis of routinely available data
Authors: Rajmil Luis , Taylor-Robinson David , Gunnlaugsson Geir , Hjern Anders , Spencer Nick 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo assess whether the level of austerity implemented by national governments was associated with adverse trends in perinatal outcomes and the social determinants of children’s health (SDCH) in rich countriesDesignLongitudinal ecological study of country-level time trends in perinatal outcomes and SDCH and from 2005 to 2015.Setting and participants16 European countries using available data from the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and Eurostat.Main outcome measuresTrends in perinatal outcomes (low birth weight (LBW); infant mortality) and the SDCH: child poverty rates; severe material deprivation in families with primary education; preschool investment in three time periods: 2005–2007, 2008–2010 and 2012–2015. Outcomes were compared according to the cyclically adjusted primary balance (CAPB, differences between 2013 and 2009) as a measure of austerity, stratified in tertiles. Generalised estimating equation models of repeated measures were used to assess time trend differences in three periods.ResultsCountries with higher levels of austerity had worse outcomes, mainly at the last study period. Material deprivation increased during the period 2012–2015 in those countries with higher CAPB (interaction CAPB-period 2012–2015, B: 5.62: p<0.001), as did LBW (interaction CAPB-period 2012–2015, B: 0.25; p=0.004).ConclusionsCountries that implemented more severe austerity measures have experienced increasing LBW, and for families with primary education also increasing material deprivation, worsening the negative impact of economic crisis. Reversing austerity policies that impact children is likely to improve child health outcomes.
New anthropometric classification scheme of preoperative nutritional status in children: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Stey Anne , Ricks-Oddie Joni , Innis Sheila , Rangel Shawn J , Moss R Lawrence , Hall Bruce L , Dibbins Albert , Skarsgard Erik D 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveWHO uses anthropometric classification scheme of childhood acute and chronic malnutrition based on low body mass index (BMI) (‘wasting’) and height for age (‘stunting’), respectively. The goal of this study was to describe a novel two-axis nutritional classification scheme to (1) characterise nutritional profiles in children undergoing abdominal surgery and (2) characterise relationships between preoperative nutritional status and postoperative morbidity.DesignThis was a retrospective observational cohort study.SettingThe setting was 50 hospitals caring for children in North America that participated in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Paediatric from 2011 to 2013.ParticipantsChildren >28 days who underwent major abdominal operations were identified.Interventions/main predictorThe cohort of children was divided into five nutritional profile groups based on both BMI and height for age Z-scores: (1) underweight/short, (2) underweight/tall, (3) overweight/short, (4) overweight/tall and (5) non-outliers (controls).Main outcome measuresMultiple variable logistic regressions were used to quantify the association between 30-day morbidity and nutritional profile groups while adjusting for procedure case mix, age and American Society of Anaesthesiologists class.ResultsA total of 39 520 cases distributed as follows: underweight/short (656, 2.2%); underweight/tall (252, 0.8%); overweight/short (733, 2.4%) and overweight/tall (1534, 5.1%). Regression analyses revealed increased adjusted odds of composite morbidity (35%) and reintervention events (75%) in the underweight/short group, while overweight/short patients had increased adjusted odds of composite morbidity and healthcare-associated infections (43%), and reintervention events (79%) compared with controls.ConclusionStratification of preoperative nutritional status using a scheme incorporating both BMI and height for age is feasible. Further research is needed to validate this nutritional risk classification scheme for other surgical procedures in children.