bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Geology, History and Geography of the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Area
Authors: Gray Richard E. , Greene Brian H. , Fandray Ryan W. , Turka Robert J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe City of Pittsburgh, PA is located west of the Appalachian Mountains in the Appalachian Plateaus Province. The relatively flat surface of the plateau is dissected by drainage from the three principal rivers of the region, the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio. The formation of Pittsburgh’s three rivers and drainages has a long history dating back to before the Pleistocene Epoch, linked closely to the advance and retreat of continental glaciation.Western Pennsylvania is associated with the westernmost formation of the Appalachian Mountain chain with deformation in the form of a series of nearly flat-lying, gently warped Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. Rocks cropping out in the region range in age from Devonian to Permian. Pennsylvanian strata are dominated by thin cyclic sequences of sandstone, shale, claystone, coal, and limestone. Most of the geologic hazards present in the region include slope instability, expansive shales and slags, mine subsidence, acid mine drainage, pyritic acid rock and flooding. The region also has an abundance of natural resources including coal, natural gas, oil, salt, limestone, sand and gravel and water.Pittsburgh's strategic location helped shape westward expansion during the formation of the Nation, largely because of the rivers, which served as an inexpensive, yet efficient means of transportation. Infrastructure was always significant in Pittsburgh. However, the existing aging infrastructure are deteriorating. Today, Pittsburgh has transcended the legacy name, “Steel City” and has revitalized itself with nationally-recognized universities and medical centers and a resurgence in natural gas exploration. However, many environmental legacy issues still burden the area.
Experimental implantoplasty outcomes correlate with fibroblast growth in vitro
Authors: Ellingsen Stig Aanerød , Maal Mehrnaz Beheshti , Reseland Janne Elin , Verket Anders 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Implantoplasty is an option in peri-implantitis treatment, but little is known about the effect on the soft tissue.

Purpose

The aim of the study was to characterize surface roughness following experimental implantoplasty and to examine its effect on human fibroblast growth and the secretion of selected proteins.

Materials and Methods

Titanium grade IV coins were mechanically treated with six different rotating bur sequences; diamond burs or carbide burs alone, or followed by either Arkansas stone bur or silicone burs. Machined and rough-surface coins were used as control. The surface topography was characterized. Human gingival fibroblasts from two donors were cultured on the coins to quantify the effect on cell morphology, growth and protein secretion.

Results

All surface roughness parameters were lower for the surfaces treated with experimental implantoplasty than for the SLA surface, and the sequence of carbide burs followed by silicone burs rendered the least rough surface of the test groups. The chosen implantoplasty procedures changed the elemental composition of the titanium surface. High surface roughness correlated negatively to fibroblast growth, however induced a higher secretion of VEGF, IL-6 and MCP-3 to the cell medium compared to the least rough surfaces of the test groups.

Conclusions

The surface roughness following implantoplasty correlated to the growth of fibroblasts. Implantoplasty altered the elemental composition of the titanium surface, and had an effect on the fibroblast cytokine secretion and fibronectin levels.

Background

Peri-implantitis is a biofilm-mediated progressive inflammatory disease in the soft tissues and marginal bone surrounding the dental implant, which ultimately may lead to its loss.1 To date there is no consensus on a treatment protocol for peri-implant diseases. Therapies researched have mostly been modifications of periodontitis treatment modalities.2
Damping effects of different shock absorbing materials for tunnel under seismic loadings
Authors: Huang Changxi , Wang Xinghua , Zhou Hao , Liang Yan 
Published: June 2019

Circular tunnels are widely used in infrastructure. Under the action of earthquakes, the destruction of circular tunnels will result in a large number of economic losses and casualties. Therefore, the study on shock absorption of tunnels is important. However, the research has not been sufficient on the effect of the damping layer on seismic response of a circular tunnel in sand. In this paper, the influence of the damping layer on the seismic response characteristics of circular tunnels in sand is studied by large-scale shaking table test. The actual El-centro wave is loaded to the model system in three directions during the tests. The input peak seismic acceleration values are 0.05 g, 0.1 g and 0.2 g. Then the effects of two different damping materials on the dynamic response characteristics of circular tunnels are analysed quantitatively. The test results show that the damping layer reduces the seismic response of the circular tunnel. The response accelerations of the tunnel bottom and crown without damping layer are greater than that with the damping layer, which indicates that damping layer absorbs the energy caused by the seismic motion. When the sponge rubber is used, the circular tunnel dynamic response is more attenuated than that with foam board. In conclusion, the shock absorbing layer can effectively reduce the seismic response of tunnel. As a result, the damage of the tunnel decreases under the earthquake. This study has clarified the isolation mechanism of the shock absorbing materials. It is recommended to use sponge rubber material as the shock absorbing layer.
Study of pre-treatment of quinoline in aqueous solution using activated carbon made from low-cost agricultural waste (walnut shells) modified with ammonium persulfate
Authors: Yang Tao , Hu Xuansheng , Zhang Peijuan , Chen Xiaogang , Wang Weiwei , Wang Yanping , Liang Qiuxia , Zhang Yingjiu , Huang Qunce 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Activated carbon made from agricultural waste (walnut shells) was investigated as a suitable adsorbent for effectively removing quinoline from industrial wastewater. The activated carbon was treated with phosphoric acid and oxidized by ammonium persulfate and its ability to adsorb pyridine and quinoline in aqueous solution was investigated. Kinetic parameters for the adsorption process were determined through pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and intraparticle diffusion models. Equilibrium experiments and adsorption isotherms were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. After reaching equilibrium, the activated carbon adsorbed quinoline in preference to pyridine: the equilibrium adsorptions from individual aqueous solutions (200 μL L−1) of quinoline and pyridine were 166.907 mg g−1 and 72.165 mg g−1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies of quinoline adsorption were conducted at different temperatures and indicated that quinoline adsorption was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The column-adsorption of quinoline and pyridine was consistent with the Thomas model and the Yoon-Nelson model. The removal efficiency of quinoline reached more than 97% for a velocity of 6 mL min−1 at the initial adsorption stage.
Variação e livro didático: pelos caminhos da sociolinguística educacional
Authors: Oliveira Eliane Vitorino de Moura 
Published: June 2019

Tendo como fundamento a Sociolinguística Educacional, ou o propósito de enfrentar assertivamente os problemas educacionais e apresentar propostas pedagógicas concretas, apresento neste trabalho uma reflexão sobre a atuação dos materiais didáticos na promoção de uma consciência sobre a variabilidade da língua. A questão a ser respondida versa sobre o papel do livro didático na promoção de uma visão menos estereotipada da variação e na aceitação de nossa identidade linguística, problematizando sobre a premência de uma pedagogia voltada para a variação linguística, partindo de análises efetuadas em coleções de livros didáticos utilizados em escolas do norte do Paraná e do agreste Alagoano. O trabalho centra-se na análise de atividades com a temática da variação linguística inseridas em livros didáticos em três enfoques: i) materiais ainda em processo de elaboração; livros de coleções utilizadas em 2011; e, iii) livros de coleções a disposição das escolas em 2017. Para isso, alicerço-me em pesquisadores que se voltam para esse tema, como Bortoni-Ricardo (2014), Zilles e Faraco (2015), Almeida-Baronas e Cobucci (2016), entre outros, e têm desenvolvido importante discussão sobre a necessidade de uma abordagem menos estereotipada da variação, e que favoreça o entendimento da língua como um construto social, atualizada nas interações e, com isso, variada, heterogênea e rica.
Structure and Bioactivities of Porphyrans and Oligoporphyrans
Authors: Geng Lihua , Wang Jing , Zhang Zhongshan , Yue Yang , Zhang Quanbin 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Pyropia (Porphyra), commonly known as nori or laver, is an important food source in
many parts of the world. Edible dried Pyropia contains numerous nutrients and biofunctional components, including
proteins, vitamins, eicosapentaenoic acid, minerals, carotenoids, mycosporine-like amino acids, and carbohydrate,
and one of the compounds which we are interested in is porphyran, a sulfated polysaccharide comprising
the hot-water-soluble portion of Pyropia cell walls. Researchers have performed a large number of in-depth studies
on the biological activity and potential therapeutic applications of porphyrans and oligoporphyrans.

Methods:
This mini review aims to provide comprehensive and update overview on the source, extraction, structure,
biological activities and structure-activity relationships of porphyrans and oligoporphyrans based on the
studies in the past 30 years which were included in Web of Science.

Results:
The structure of porphyran has been basically determined given that its straight chain is relatively simple,
and the skeleton structure has been described. The extraction methods were simplified continuously, but
different extraction methods and post- processing methods still had great influence on the structure and composition
of porphyran, so there was no standardized extraction process which can achieve quality control until now. In
order to obtain oligoporphyrans, there are a variety of degradation methods, including chemical method, physical
method and enzymatic method, but it is worth mentioning that specific degradation enzyme is still unavailable.
Studies on the biological and pharmacology properties include antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation,
anti-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and drug delivery.

Conclusion:
Owing to the therapeutic potential and drug delivery applications, porphyran and oligoporphyrans
are expected to be further developed as a medicine against human diseases, as well as a supplement in cosmetics
and health products.
Application of a Validated QSTR Model for Repurposing COX-2 Inhibitor Coumarin Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents
Authors: Tugcu Gulcin , Sipahi Hande , Aydin Ahmet 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The discovery of novel potent molecules for both cancer prevention and
treatment has been continuing over the past decade. In recent years, identification of new, potent, and
safe anticancer agents through drug repurposing has been regarded as an expeditious alternative to traditional
drug development. The cyclooxygenase-2 is known to be over-expressed in several types of
human cancer. For this reason cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition may be useful tool for cancer chemotherapy.

Objective:
The first aim of the study was to develop a validated linear model to predict antitumor activity.
Subsequently, applicability of the model for repurposing these cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors as
antitumor compounds to abridge drug development process.

Method:
We performed a quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) study on a set of coumarin
derivatives using a large set of molecular descriptors. A linear model predicting growth inhibition
on leukemia CCRF cell lines was developed and consequently validated internally and externally.
Accordingly, the model was applied on a set of 143 cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor coumarin derivatives to
explore their antitumor activity.

Results:
The results indicated that the developed QSAR model would be useful for estimating inhibitory
activity of coumarin derivatives on leukemia cell lines. Electronegativity was found to be a prominent
property of the molecules in describing antitumor activity. The applicability domain of the developed
model highlighted the potential antitumor compounds.

Conclusion:
The promising results revealed that applied integrated in silico approach for repurposing
by combining both the biological activity similarity and the molecular similarity via the computational
method could be efficiently used to screen potential antitumor compounds among cyclooxygenase-2
inhibitors.
Synthesis, In vitro and In silico Evaluation of a Series of Pyrazolines as New Anticholinesterase Agents
Authors: Altıntop Mehlika Dilek 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Pyrazolines, electron-rich nitrogen carriers, are of great importance due to
their potential applications for the treatment of many diseases including inflammation, infectious
diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.

Objectives:
The purpose of this work was to synthesize new pyrazoline derivatives and evaluate their
anticholinesterase effects.

Methods:
1-Aryl-5-[4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl]-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles (1-7)
were synthesized via the treatment of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl]prop-2-
en-1-one with arylhydrazine hydrochloride derivatives in acetic acid, whereas 1-aryl-5-[4-
(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles (8-14) were obtained
by the treatment of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one with
arylhydrazine hydrochloride derivatives in acetic acid. Their inhibitory effects on
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were determined using a
modification of Ellman’s spectrophotometric method. In silico docking and Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) studies were performed using Schrödinger’s Maestro molecular
modeling package.

Results:
In general, piperidine derivatives were found to be more effective than morpholine
derivatives on cholinesterases (ChEs). 1-Phenyl-5-[4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl]-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-
4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (1) and 1-(4-cyanophenyl)-5-[4-(piperidin-1-yl)phenyl]-3-(3,4-
dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole (7) were identified as the most effective AChE
inhibitors in this series with 40.92% and 38.98%, respectively. Compounds 1 and 7 were docked into
the active site of human AChE (PDB code: 4EY7). Both the compounds were found to be capable of
forming π-π stacking interactions with Trp286. Based on in silico ADME studies, these compounds
are expected to have reasonable oral bioavailability.

Conclusion:
In the view of this work, the structural modification of the identified agents is going on
for the generation of new anticholinesterase agents with enhanced efficacy.
Helminthicidal and Larvicidal Potentials of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Medicinal Plant Momordica charantia
Authors: Shelar Amruta , Sangshetti Jaiprakash , Chakraborti Shampa , Singh Ajay Vikram , Patil Rajendra , Gosavi Suresh 
Published: June 2019

Background:The drug formulations used to control mosquito vectors and helminth infections have resulted in the development of resistance, and negative impact on non-target organisms and environment.Objective:Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (P-AgNPs) using aqueous fruit peel extract of M. charantia, applications of P-AgNPs for helminthicidal activity against Indian earthworms (P. posthuma) and larvicidal activity against larvae of mosquito A. albopictus and A. aegypti.Methods:Aqueous fruit peel extract of Momordica charantia was used to reduce silver ions to silver nanoparticles (P-AgNPs). UV-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy characterize synthesized P-AgNPs. The motility and survival rate of the worms were recorded for the helminthicidal activity. Percent mortality of larvae of A. albopictus and A. aegypti was recorded for larvicidal activity.Results:The UV-Vis absorption spectrum of P-AgNPs showed a strong surface plasmon absorption band in the visible region with a maximum absorption at 445 nm indicating the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the addition of aqueous fruit peel extract. The XRD spectrum of P-AgNPs showed Bragg's reflection peaks 2θ value characteristics for the Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) structure of silver. The sharp absorption peak in FTIR at 1659 cm-1 assigned to C=O stretching vibration in carbonyl compounds represents terpenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols in the corona of PAgNPs; a 2 mg/mL of P-AgNPs. The concentration aqueous extract and P-AgNPs showed complete death of worms (the morphological alteration/coiling of body). A 20 ppm concentration of PAgNPs showed 85% mortality in larvae of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti. P-AgNPs were nontoxic at low concentrations.Conclusion:The aqueous extracts played a dual role as reducing and capping agent during the biosynthesis of AgNPs as per FTIR and XRD results. The surface reactivity facilitated by biomolecule corona attached to silver nanoparticles can further help to functionalize AgNPs in various pharmaceuticals, biomedicals, and environmental applications.
Synthesis of New Cyclic Imides Derived From Safrole, Structure- and Ligand-based Approaches to Evaluate Potential New Multitarget Agents Against Species of Leishmania
Authors: de Sousa Luis José A. , da Silva Costa Normando A. , Luis Cristiane C.S. , Lira Bruno F. , Athayde-Filho Petrônio F. , de Souza Lima Tatjana K. , da Câmara Rocha Juliana , Scotti Luciana , Scotti Marcus T. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that does not have adequate treatment.
It affects around 12 million people around the world and is classified as a neglected disease
by the World Health Organization. In this context, strategies to obtain new, more active and less
toxic drugs should be stimulated. Sources of natural products combined with synthetic and
chemoinformatic methodologies are strategies used to obtain molecules that are most likely to be
effective against a specific disease. Computer-Aided Drug Design has become an indispensable
tool in the pharmaceutical industry and academia in recent years and has been employed during
various stages of the drug design process.

Objectives:
Perform structure- and ligand-based approaches, synthesize and characterize some
compounds with materials available in our laboratories to verify the method’s efficiency.

Methods:
We created a database with 33 cyclic imides and evaluated their potential anti-
Leishmanial activity (L. amazonensis and L. donovani) through ligand- and structure-based virtual
screening. A diverse set selected from ChEMBL databanks of 818 structures (L. donovani) and
722 structures (L. amazonensis), with tested anti-Leishmanial activity against promastigotes forms,
were classified according to pIC50 values to generate and validate a Random Forest model that
shows higher statistical indices values. The structures of four different L. donovani enzymes were
downloaded from the Protein Data Bank and the imides’ structures were submitted to molecular
docking. So, with available materials and technical feasibility of our laboratories, we have synthesized
and characterized seven compounds through cyclization reactions between isosafrole and
maleic anhydride followed by treatment with different amines to obtain new cyclic imides to
evaluate their anti-Leishmanial activity.

Results:
In silico study allowed us to suggest that the cyclic imides 516, 25, 31, 24, 32, 2, 3, 22 can be
tested as potential multitarget molecules for leishmanial treatment, presenting activity probability
against four strategic enzymes (Topoisomerase I, N-myristoyltransferase, cyclophilin and Oacetylserine
sulfhydrylase). The compounds synthesized and tested presented pIC50 values less
than 4.7 for Leishmania amazonensis.

Conclusion:
After combined approach evaluation, we have synthesized and characterized seven
cyclic imides by IR, 1H NMR, 13C-APT NMR, COSY, HETCOR and HMBC. The compounds
tested against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis presented pIC50 values less than 4.7, showing
that our method was efficient in predicting true negative molecules.
Giardiasis: An Overview
Authors: Leung Alexander K.C. , Leung Amy A.M. , Wong Alex H.C. , Sergi Consolato M. , Kam Joseph K.M. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Giardiasis is an important cause of waterborne and foodborne diarrhea, daycare
center outbreaks, and traveler's diarrhea.

Objective:
The study aimed to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of giardiasis.

Methods:
A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key terms “giardiasis”,
"Giardia lamblia", "Giardia duodenalis" and "Giardia intestinalis". The search strategy included metaanalyses,
randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search
was restricted to the English literature. Patents were searched using the key term “giardiasis” from
www.freepatentsonline.com.

Results:
Giardiasis is caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia. The parasite is transmitted by
the fecal-oral route, frequently through ingestion of contaminated water and food or person-to person
transmission. Risk factors for infection include children in day-care settings, child-care workers, institutionalized
individuals, travelers in endemic areas, ingestion of contaminated or recreational water, immunodeficiency,
cystic fibrosis, and oral-anal sex. Approximately 50 to 75% of infected children are
asymptomatic. Other children present acute or chronic diarrhea. Direct fluorescent antibody tests that
detect intact organisms, enzyme immunoassays that detect soluble antigens, and multiplex real-time
polymerase chain reaction assays that detect specific genes of the parasite in stool samples have improved
sensitivity and specificity compared with microscopic examination of stool specimens for the
detection of Giardia trophozoites or cysts. Drugs used in the treatment of symptomatic giardiasis are
reviewed in this study. Moreover, recent patents related to the management of giardiasis are also discussed.

Conclusion:
Metronidazole, tinidazole, and nitazoxanide are drugs of choice. Resistance to common
antigiardial drugs has increased in recent years, therefore, the search for new molecular targets for
antigiardial drugs is urgently needed. In general, treatment of asymptomatic carriers is not recommended.
Purification of water supply is an important preventive measure.
Improving Dyeing Properties of Jute Yarn to Metal Complex Dyes via Grafting with Methyl Methacrylate and Using Nano Silver
Authors: Zolriasatein Ali A. 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
In this study, bleached jute yarn was treated with methyl methacrylate and
then in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles were performed.

Experimental:
Experimental data showed a decrease in tensile strength of treated yarns from 0.91
to 0.78 g/dtex. Afterwards, treated samples were dyed with 1:1 and 1:2 pre-metallised dyes.

Results:
Methyl methacrylate treated jute yarns exhibited higher color strength (12.55%) and fastness
properties as compared to untreated samples.

Conclusion:
Methyl methacrylate treated and nano-coated jute yarns showed much better color
strength (23.96%) and higher color fastness properties towards light and washing.