bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional cross talk between the Fanconi anemia and ATRX/DAXX histone chaperone pathways promotes replication fork recovery
Authors: Raghunandan Maya , Yeo Jung Eun , Walter Ryan , Saito Kai , Harvey Adam J , Ittershagen Stacie , Lee Eun-A , Yang Jihyeon , Hoatlin Maureen E , Bielinsky Anja K , Hendrickson Eric A , Schärer Orlando , Sobeck Alexandra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is a chromosome instability syndrome characterized by increased cancer predisposition. Specifically, the FA pathway functions to protect genome stability during DNA replication. The central FA pathway protein, FANCD2, locates to stalled replication forks and recruits homologous recombination (HR) factors such as CtBP interacting protein (CtIP) to promote replication fork restart while suppressing new origin firing. Here, we identify alpha-thalassemia retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) as a novel physical and functional interaction partner of FANCD2. ATRX is a chromatin remodeler that forms a complex with Death domain-associated protein 6 (DAXX) to deposit the histone variant H3.3 into specific genomic regions. Intriguingly, ATRX was recently implicated in replication fork recovery; however, the underlying mechanism(s) remained incompletely understood. Our findings demonstrate that ATRX forms a constitutive protein complex with FANCD2 and protects FANCD2 from proteasomal degradation. ATRX and FANCD2 localize to stalled replication forks where they cooperate to recruit CtIP and promote MRE11 exonuclease-dependent fork restart while suppressing the firing of new replication origins. Remarkably, replication restart requires the concerted histone H3 chaperone activities of ATRX/DAXX and FANCD2, demonstrating that coordinated histone H3 variant deposition is a crucial event during the reinitiation of replicative DNA synthesis. Lastly, ATRX also cooperates with FANCD2 to promote the HR-dependent repair of directly induced DNA double-stranded breaks. We propose that ATRX is a novel functional partner of FANCD2 to promote histone deposition-dependent HR mechanisms in S-phase.
Lipopeptide-Based Oral Vaccine Against Hookworm Infection
Authors: Bartlett Stacey , Eichenberger Ramon M , Nevagi Reshma J , Ghaffar Khairunnisa Abdul , Marasini Nirmal , Dai Yang , Loukas Alex , Toth Istvan , Skwarczynski Mariusz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe human hookworm, Necator americanus, is a parasite that infects almost half a billion people worldwide. Although treatment is available, vaccination is favorable to combat the spread of this parasite due to its wide distribution and continuous reinfection cycle in endemic communities.MethodsWe have designed a lipopeptide oral delivery system using a B-cell epitope derived from the aspartic protease Na-APR-1 from N americanus, attached to a T-helper epitope. Lipopeptides were self-assembled into nanoparticles or entrapped in liposomes that were electrostatically coated with alginate and trimethyl chitosan polymer shields. The adjuvant-free vaccine candidates were orally administered to mice and generated a humoral immune response against both peptide antigen, and the parent protein in the hookworm gut.ResultsThe vaccine candidates were evaluated in a rodent hookworm challenge model, resulting in up to 98% and 99% decreases in mean intestinal worm and egg burdens in immunized mice, respectively.ConclusionsLipopeptide survived the gastrointestinal conditions, induced humoral immune responses and drived protection against parasite challenge infection.
Zika Virus Causes Acute and Chronic Prostatitis in Mice and Macaques
Authors: Halabi Jacques , Jagger Brett W , Salazar Vanessa , Winkler Emma S , White James P , Humphrey Peter A , Hirsch Alec J , Streblow Daniel N , Diamond Michael S , Moley Kelle 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Sexual transmission and persistence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the male reproductive tract has raised concerned for potential damaging effects on function. Animal studies have demonstrated that ZIKV virus can infect and damage the testis and epididymis, and these results has been correlated to lower sperm counts in ZIKV-infected humans. The prostate plays a vital role in the male reproductive tract, with acute and chronic prostatitis linked to male infertility.

Methods
In this study, we evaluated the effects of ZIKV virus on the prostate in mice and nonhuman primates.

Results
In mice, ZIKV infected the prostate and triggered inflammation that persisted even after virus clearance. Evidence of chronic prostatitis associated with ZIKV infection remained for several months. Similar histological findings were observed in the prostate of ZIKV-infected rhesus macaques.

Conclusions
These studies establish that ZIKV replicates in the prostate and can cause acute and chronic inflammatory and proliferative changes in mouse and nonhuman primate models.
Intuitions about Objects: From Teleology to Elimination
Authors: Kovacs David Mark 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn a series of recent papers, David Rose and Jonathan Schaffer use a number of experiments to show that folk intuitions about composition and persistence are driven by pre-scientific teleological tendencies. They argue that these intuitions are fit for debunking and that the playing field for competing accounts of composition and persistence should therefore be considered even: no view draws more support from folk intuitions than its rivals, and the choice between them should be made exclusively on the basis of theoretical considerations. In this paper I argue that Rose and Schaffer draw the wrong conclusion from their own findings, which should instead push us toward sparse views about composition and persistence. Most metaphysicians (including Schaffer himself, and arguably Rose too) should be worried by this result, since they hold views that are flatly incompatible with it.
On the measurements of assembly bias and splashback radius using optically selected galaxy clusters
Authors: Sunayama Tomomi , More Surhud 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We critically examine the methodology behind the claimed observational detection of halo assembly bias using optically selected galaxy clusters by Miyatake et al. and More et al. We mimic the optical cluster detection algorithm and apply it to two different mock catalogues generated from the Millennium simulation galaxy catalogue, one in which halo assembly bias signal is present, while the other in which the assembly bias signal has been expressly erased. We split each of these cluster samples into two using the average cluster-centric distance of the member galaxies to measure the difference in the clustering strength of the subsamples with respect to each other. We observe that the subsamples split by cluster-centric radii show differences in clustering strength, even in the catalogue where the true assembly bias signal was erased. We show that this is a result of contamination of the member galaxy sample from interlopers along the line of sight. This undoubtedly shows that the particular methodology adopted in the previous studies cannot be used to claim a detection of the assembly bias signal. We figure out the tell-tale signatures of such contamination, and show that the observational data also show similar signatures. Furthermore, we also show that projection effects in optical galaxy clusters can bias the inference of the 3D edges of galaxy clusters (splashback radius), so appropriate care should be taken while interpreting the splashback radius of optical clusters.
A SCUBA-2 selected Herschel-SPIRE dropout and the nature of this population
Authors: Greenslade J , Aguilar E , Clements D L , Dannerbauer H , Cheng T , Petitpas G , Yang C , Messias H , Oteo I , Farrah D , Michałowski M J , Pérez Fournon I , Aretxaga I , Yun M S , Eales S , Dunne L , Cooray A , Andreani P , Hughes D H , Velázquez M , Sánchez-Argüelles D , Ponthieu N 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) detected at z &gt; 4 provide important examples of the first generations of massive galaxies. However, few examples with spectroscopic confirmation are currently known, with Hershel struggling to detect significant numbers of z &gt; 6 DSFGs. NGP6_D1 is a bright 850 $\mathrm{ \mu}$m source (12.3 ± 2.5 mJy) with no counterparts at shorter wavelengths (a SPIRE dropout). Interferometric observations confirm it is a single source, with no evidence for any optical or NIR emission, or nearby likely foreground lensing sources. No &gt;3σ detected lines are seen in both LMT Redshift Search Receiver and IRAM 30 m EMIR spectra of NGP6_D1 across 32 GHz of bandwidth despite reaching detection limits of $\sim 1\, \mathrm{mJy}/500 \, \mathrm{km~s}^{-1}$, so the redshift remains unknown. Template fitting suggests that NGP6_D1 is most likely between z = 5.8 and 8.3. SED analysis finds that NGP6_D1 is a ULIRG, with a dust mass ∼108–109 M⊙ and a star-formation rate of ∼500 M⊙ yr−1. We place upper limits on the gas mass of NGP6_D1 of MH2 &lt;(1.1 ± 3.5) × 1011 M⊙, consistent with a gas-to-dust ratio of ∼100–1000. We discuss the nature of NGP6_D1 in the context of the broader sub-mm population, and find that comparable SPIRE dropouts account for ∼20 per cent of all SCUBA-2 detected sources, but with a similar flux density distribution to the general population.
Azimuthal variations of oxygen abundance profiles in star-forming regions of disc galaxies in EAGLE simulations
Authors: Solar Martín , Tissera Patricia B , Hernandez-Jimenez Jose A 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The exploration of the spatial distribution of chemical abundances in star-forming regions of galactic discs can help us to understand the complex interplay of physical processes that regulate the star formation activity and the chemical enrichment across a galaxy. We study the azimuthal variations of the normalized oxygen abundance profiles in the highest numerical resolution run of the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) Project at $z$ = 0. We use young stellar populations to trace the abundances of star-forming regions. Oxygen profiles are estimated along different line of sights from a centrally located observer. The mean azimuthal variation in the EAGLE discs are ∼0.12 ± 0.03 dex $R_{\rm eff}^{-1}$ for slopes and ∼0.12 ± 0.03 dex for the zero-points, in agreement with previous works. Metallicity gradients measured along random directions correlate with those determined by averaging over the whole discs, although with a large dispersion. We find a slight trend for higher azimuthal variations in the disc components of low star-forming and bulge-dominated galaxies. We also investigate the metallicity profiles of stellar populations with higher and lower levels of enrichment than the average metallicity profiles, and we find that high star-forming regions with high metallicity tend to have slightly shallower metallicity slopes compared with the overall metallicity gradient. The simulated azimuthal variations in the EAGLE discs are in agreement with observations, although the large variety of metallicity gradients would encourage further exploration of the metal mixing in numerical simulations.
Ultraviolet signatures of the multiphase intracluster and circumgalactic media in the romulusc simulation
Authors: Butsky Iryna S , Burchett Joseph N , Nagai Daisuke , Tremmel Michael , Quinn Thomas R , Werk Jessica K 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Quasar absorption-line studies in the ultraviolet (UV) can uniquely probe the nature of the multiphase cool–warm (104 &lt; T &lt; 106 K) gas in and around galaxy clusters, promising to provide unprecedented insights into (1) interactions between the circumgalactic medium (CGM) associated with infalling galaxies and the hot (T &gt; 106 K) X-ray emitting intracluster medium (ICM), (2) the stripping of metal-rich gas from the CGM, and (3) a multiphase structure of the ICM with a wide range of temperatures and metallicities. In this work, we present results from a high-resolution simulation of an $\sim 10^{14} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ galaxy cluster to study the physical properties and observable signatures of this cool–warm gas in galaxy clusters. We show that the ICM becomes increasingly multiphased at large radii, with the cool–warm gas becoming dominant in cluster outskirts. The diffuse cool–warm gas also exhibits a wider range of metallicity than the hot X-ray emitting gas. We make predictions for the covering fractions of key absorption-line tracers, both in the ICM and in the CGM of cluster galaxies, typically observed with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We further extract synthetic spectra to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting and characterizing the thermal, kinematic, and chemical composition of the cool–warm gas using H i, O vi, and C iv lines, and we predict an enhanced population of broad Ly α absorbers tracing the warm gas. Lastly, we discuss future prospects of probing the multiphase structure of the ICM beyond HST.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: first detection of a transition in spin orientation with respect to cosmic filaments in the stellar kinematics of galaxies
Authors: Welker C , Bland-Hawthorn J , Van de Sande J , Lagos C , Elahi P , Obreschkow D , Bryant J , Pichon C , Cortese L , Richards S N , Croom S M , Goodwin M , Lawrence J S , Sweet S , Lopez-Sanchez A , Medling A , Owers M S , Dubois Y , Devriendt J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the first detection of mass-dependent galactic spin alignments with local cosmic filaments with &gt;2σ confidence using IFS kinematics. The 3D network of cosmic filaments is reconstructed on Mpc scales across GAlaxy and Mass Assembly fields using the cosmic web extractor DisPerSe. We assign field galaxies from the SAMI survey to their nearest filament segment in 3D and estimate the degree of alignment between SAMI galaxies’ kinematic spin axis and their nearest filament in projection. Low-mass galaxies align their spin with their nearest filament while higher mass counterparts are more likely to display an orthogonal orientation. The stellar transition mass from the first trend to the second is bracketed between $10^{10.4}$ and $10^{10.9}\, \mathrm{ M}_{\odot }$, with hints of an increase with filament scale. Consistent signals are found in the Horizon-AGN cosmological hydrodynamic simulation. This supports a scenario of early angular momentum build-up in vorticity rich quadrants around filaments at low stellar mass followed by progressive flip of spins orthogonal to the cosmic filaments through mergers at high stellar mass. Conversely, we show that dark matter only simulations post-processed with a semi-analytical model treatment of galaxy formation struggles to reproduce this alignment signal. This suggests that gas physics is key in enhancing the galaxy-filament alignment.
The K2-HERMES Survey: age and metallicity of the thick disc
Authors: Sharma Sanjib , Stello Dennis , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Hayden Michael R , Zinn Joel C , Kallinger Thomas , Hon Marc , Asplund Martin , Buder Sven , De Silva Gayandhi M , D’Orazi Valentina , Freeman Ken , Kos Janez , Lewis Geraint F , Lin Jane , Lind Karin , Martell Sarah , Simpson Jeffrey D , Wittenmyer Rob A , Zucker Daniel B , Zwitter Tomaz , Bedding Timothy R , Chen Boquan , Cotar Klemen , Esdaile James , Horner Jonathan , Huber Daniel , Kafle Prajwal R , Khanna Shourya , Li Tanda , Ting Yuan-Sen , Nataf David M , Nordlander Thomas , Saadon Mohd Hafiz Mohd , Traven Gregor , Wright Duncan , Wyse Rosemary F G 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Asteroseismology is a promising tool to study Galactic structure and evolution because it can probe the ages of stars. Earlier attempts comparing seismic data from the Kepler satellite with predictions from Galaxy models found that the models predicted more low-mass stars compared to the observed distribution of masses. It was unclear if the mismatch was due to inaccuracies in the Galactic models, or the unknown aspects of the selection function of the stars. Using new data from the K2 mission, which has a well-defined selection function, we find that an old metal-poor thick disc, as used in previous Galactic models, is incompatible with the asteroseismic information. We use an importance-sampling framework, which takes the selection function into account, to fit for the metallicities of a population synthesis model using spectroscopic data. We show that spectroscopic measurements of [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] elemental abundances from the GALAH survey indicate a mean metallicity of log (Z/Z⊙) = −0.16 for the thick disc. Here Z is the effective solar-scaled metallicity, which is a function of [Fe/H] and [α/Fe]. With the revised disc metallicities, for the first time, the theoretically predicted distribution of seismic masses show excellent agreement with the observed distribution of masses. This indirectly verifies that the asteroseismic mass scaling relation is good to within five per cent. Assuming the asteroseismic scaling relations are correct, we estimate the mean age of the thick disc to be about 10 Gyr, in agreement with the traditional idea of an old α-enhanced thick disc.
Deficit of luminous and normal red galaxies in cosmic voids
Authors: Bruton Sean T , Dai Xinyu , Guerras Eduardo , Munshi Ferah A 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
We construct a sample of 10 680 wall galaxies and 3064 void galaxies with MR ≲ −20 by cross-referencing a void catalogue from literature with Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) CMASS and WiggleZ galaxies, where the CMASS survey targets redder galaxies and the WiggleZ survey targets bluer galaxies. Comparing the density profiles of the red and blue galaxies as a function of the void radius, we find that the number ratio of red-to-blue galaxies increases with distances from the void centres, suggesting a deficit of luminous and normal red galaxies in voids. We find a mean (g – r) magnitude colour of 1.298 and 1.210 for the wall and void galaxies, respectively, when considering the combined red and blue samples, which is found to be a significant difference. However, when considering the blue and red samples separately, we find no significant colour difference. We conclude that the constituents galaxies of each population, rather than intrinsic colour difference, is the main driver in the apparent average colour difference of galaxies in voids and walls, indicating a deficit of luminous and normal red galaxies in voids. Our analysis suggests that the primary environmental-dependence effect on galaxy evolution for normal and luminous galaxies between void and wall regions is manifested in the number of red galaxies, which depends on the environmental-dependent merger history. Using a semi-analytic simulation model, we can successfully reproduce the apparent colour difference between the void and wall galaxies.
Human and Nonhuman Primate Lineage-Specific Footprints in the Salivary Proteome
Authors: Thamadilok Supaporn , Choi Kyoung-Soo , Ruhl Lorenz , Schulte Fabian , Kazim A Latif , Hardt Markus , Gokcumen Omer , Ruhl Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProteins in saliva are needed for preprocessing food in the mouth, maintenance of tooth mineralization, and protection from microbial pathogens. Novel insights into human lineage-specific functions of salivary proteins and clues to their involvement in human disease can be gained through evolutionary studies, as recently shown for salivary amylase AMY1 and salivary agglutinin DMBT1/gp340. However, the entirety of proteins in saliva, the salivary proteome, has not yet been investigated from an evolutionary perspective. Here, we compared the proteomes of human saliva and the saliva of our closest extant evolutionary relatives, chimpanzees and gorillas, using macaques as an outgroup, with the aim to uncover features in saliva protein composition that are unique to each species. We found that humans produce a waterier saliva, containing less than half total protein than great apes and Old World monkeys. For all major salivary proteins in humans, we could identify counterparts in chimpanzee and gorilla saliva. However, we discovered unique protein profiles in saliva of humans that were distinct from those of nonhuman primates. These findings open up the possibility that dietary differences and pathogenic pressures may have shaped a distinct salivary proteome in the human lineage.
Stress Management Competency Framework in English policing
Authors: Houdmont J , Jachens L , Randall R , Colwell J , Gardner S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The UK Health and Safety Executive’s Stress Management Competency Framework and associated questionnaire, the Stress Management Competency Indicator Tool (SMCIT), address line managers’ behaviours across four competency areas. The application in policing remains unexplored.

Aims
This study profiled English police officers’ perception of their line managers’ competencies in the framework areas. The odds of experiencing poor mental wellbeing and work attitudes associated with having a line manager with a development need on each competency area were tested.

Methods
Two hundred and sixty-three police officers completed a survey comprising the SMCIT and measures of psychological distress, resilience and work engagement. Bivariate correlations were calculated to identify patterns of relationships between variables. Binary logistic regression analyses tested the odds of psychological distress caseness, low resilience and low work engagement being associated with officers’ perception of their line manager having a development need on the SMCIT criteria.

Results
Approximately half the participants reported their line manager had a development need on the ‘Managing and Communicating Existing and Future Work’, ‘Managing the Individual Within the Team’ and ‘Reasoning and Managing Difficult Situations’ competencies, and one quarter on the ‘Respectful and Responsible: Managing Emotions and Having Integrity’ competency. Officers’ rating of their line manager having a development need on the four competency areas was associated with up to four-fold elevated odds of each undesirable state.

Conclusions
The framework competency areas are relevant to English policing and offer a basis for stress reduction interventions targeted at line managers’ behaviours.