bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autofluorescence Imaging to Monitor the Progression of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Authors: Cherry Katelin D. , Schwarz Richard A. , Yang Eric C. , Vohra Imran S. , Badaoui Hawraa , Williams Michelle D. , Vigneswaran Nadarajah , Gillenwater Ann M. , Richards-Kortum Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) must undergo regular clinical surveillance to ensure that any progression to malignancy is detected promptly. Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) is an optical modality that can assist clinicians in detecting early cancers and high-grade dysplasia. Patients with OPMD undergoing surveillance for the development of oral cancer were examined using AFI at successive clinic visits. Autofluorescence images acquired at 133 clinical visits from sites in 15 patients who met inclusion criteria were analyzed quantitatively using an algorithm to calculate the red-to-green pixel intensity (RG ratio). A quantitative AFI threshold for high risk of progression was defined based on the RG ratio and was compared with expert clinical impression and with histopathology when available. Patients were divided into two groups based on their endpoint: surveillance (n = 6) or surgery (n = 9). In the surveillance group, 0 of 6 (0%) of patients were clinically identified as high risk for progression prior to the study endpoint, whereas 1 of 6 (17%) of patients were deemed at high risk for progression based on AFI during the same time period. In the surgery group, 9 of 9 (100%) of patients were clinically identified as high risk prior to the study endpoint, whereas 8 of 9 (89%) of patients were at high risk for progression based on AFI during the same time period. AFI results tracked over time were comparable with expert clinical impression in these patient groups. AFI has the potential to aid clinicians in noninvasively monitoring oral precancer and evaluating OPMDs that require increased surveillance.
Impact of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease on Functional Recovery After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Uniken Venema Simone M. , Marini Sandro , Lena Umme K. , Morotti Andrea , Jessel Michael , Moomaw Charles J. , Kourkoulis Christina , Testai Fernando D. , Kittner Steven J. , Brouwers H. Bart , James Michael L. , Woo Daniel , Anderson Christopher D. , Rosand Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
In this study, we aim to investigate the association of computed tomography–based markers of cerebral small vessel disease with functional outcome and recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods—
Computed tomographic scans of patients in the ERICH study (Ethnic and Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage) were evaluated for the extent of leukoaraiosis and cerebral atrophy using visual rating scales. Poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of ≥3. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to explore the associations of cerebral small vessel disease imaging markers with poor functional outcome at discharge and, as a measure of recovery, change in mRS from discharge to 90 days poststroke.

Results—

After excluding in-hospital deaths, data from 2344 patients, 583 (24.9%) with good functional outcome (mRS of 0–2) at discharge and 1761 (75.1%) with poor functional outcome (mRS of 3–5) at discharge, were included. Increasing extent of leukoaraiosis (
P
for trend, 0.01) and only severe (grade 4) global atrophy (odds ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.22–3.39,
P
=0.007) were independently associated with poor functional outcome at discharge. Mean (SD) mRS change from discharge to 90-day follow-up was 0.57 (1.18). Increasing extent of leukoaraiosis (
P
for trend, 0.002) and severe global atrophy (β [SE], −0.23 [0.115];
P
=0.045) were independently associated with less improvement in mRS from discharge to 90 days poststroke.

Conclusions—
In intracerebral hemorrhage survivors, the extent of cerebral small vessel disease at the time of intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with poor functional outcome at hospital discharge and impaired functional recovery from discharge to 90 days poststroke.
Synoptic Features Responsible for Heat Waves in Central Africa, a Region with Strong Multidecadal Trends
Authors: Hu Lisuo , Luo Jing-Jia , Huang Gang , Wheeler Matthew C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Central Africa (CA) is identified as a location of a large positive trend of the occurrence of heat waves (HWs) during 1979–2016, appearing to result mostly from a regime shift around the year 2000. Therefore, we study the evolution of synoptic features associated with the occurrence of HW events in CA. It is found that the HW-related circulation is typically characterized by an anomalous convergence in the upper troposphere but there are important differences for HW events occurring in the south region of CA (CA_S) versus the north region (CA_N). For the occurrence of the HW events in CA_S, the anomalous subsidence associated with upper troposphere anomalous convergence is the dominant factor for their occurrence and magnitude: the strong subsidence leads to warming through greater solar insolation. The HW events in CA_S are also accompanied by an anomalous surface anticyclone in the north with anomalous northerly flow transporting heat into the CA_S region. In contrast, although the HW events in CA_N are also associated with upper troposphere anomalous convergence, the intensity of the convergence is weak with small solar insolation. Instead, the anomalous warm advection is the main factor for determining the magnitude of the HW events in CA_N, induced by the prevailing northerly winds acting on the anomalous temperature gradient. Thus, the synoptic features associated with HW events in the CA_N and CA_S are quite different despite their nearby locations. The discovered dominant factors for the HW events in CA can be used to improve the forecast skill.
Salidroside pretreatment protects against myocardial injury induced by heat stroke in mice
Authors: Chen Guo-dong , Fan Heng , Zhu Jian-Hua 
Published: August 2019

Objective To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of salidroside on myocardial injury induced by heat stroke (HS) in mice. Methods We pretreated mice with salidroside for 1 week and then established an HS model by exposure to 41.2°C for 1 hour. We then examined the effects of salidroside on survival. We also assessed the severity of cardiac injury by pathology, and analyzed changes in levels of myocardial injury markers, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Results Salidroside pretreatment significantly reduced HS-induced mortality and improved thermoregulatory function. Salidroside also provided significant protection against HS-induced myocardial damage, and decreased the expression levels of cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, salidroside attenuated HS-induced changes in the inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10, and down-regulated the oxidative stress response indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactant substances, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase. Conclusions Salidroside pretreatment protected against HS-induced myocardial damage, potentially via a mechanism involving anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects.
High consistency between characteristics of primary intraductal breast cancer and subtype of subsequent ipsilateral invasive cancer
Authors: Gennaro Massimiliano , Meneghini Elisabetta , Baili Paolo , Bravaccini Sara , Curcio Annalisa , De Santis Maria Carmen , Lozza Laura , Listorti Chiara , Di Cosimo Serena , Sant Milena , Folli Secondo 
Published: August 2019

Background: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered a morphologic precursor of invasive cancer and is often treated with adjuvant whole-breast irradiation and endocrine therapy, as if it were an invasive cancer. Our aim was to provide further support for treatment de-escalation or enrollment of such patients in active surveillance trials. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data on patients with conservatively treated primary DCIS subsequently diagnosed with ipsilateral invasive breast cancer (IBC) at 2 comprehensive breast cancer centers. From their merged databases, we identified 50 cases with full details on tumor grade, hormone receptor expression, and HER2 amplification, for both the primary DCIS and the corresponding IBC, and we assessed the similarities and differences between the two. Results: Distributions of hormone receptors were similar in primary DCIS and IBC, while high-grade and HER2-positive status was less common in IBC than in primary DCIS. The positivity for estrogen receptors (ER) and well-differentiated or moderately differentiated morphology in the primary DCIS persisted in 90% of the matching IBC. Changes in progesterone receptor expression were slightly more common than those in ER expression. Overall consistency for the luminal-like receptors subtype was found in 90% of cases. Conclusion: The high consistency between the features of primary DCIS and those of subsequent IBC (in the rare but not negligible cases of local failure) should be borne in mind when considering the therapeutic options. Treatment de-escalation and accrual of patients for active surveillance trials could be appropriate for luminal-like precursors.
Developing a score system to predict therapeutic outcomes to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Indini Alice , Di Guardo Lorenza , Cimminiello Carolina , Prisciandaro Michele , Randon Giovanni , De Braud Filippo , Del Vecchio Michele 
Published: August 2019

Background: Prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma has improved due to the advent of antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). However, therapeutic outcomes from anti-PD-1 therapy widely differ among patients. Biomarkers for outcome are needed as these may influence patient selection and treatment decision. Methods: Data of patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline biochemical (serum lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] levels, complete blood count) and clinical characteristics were evaluated to identify predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PFS and OS were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models. The comparison of predictive power of independent predictors for response to anti-PD-1 was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: Overall, 173 patients were included. Low metastases burden, normal baseline LDH levels, and high relative lymphocyte count (RLC) were associated with favorable outcomes ( p < 0.01). According to ROC curves, RLC >17.5% improved survival outcomes. PFS was 3.7 and 15.8 months for patients with RLC <17.5% and >17.5%, respectively ( p = 0.004); OS was 5.0 and 33.6 months for patients with RLC <17.5% and >17.5%, respectively ( p < 0.001). Stratification of patients according to these variables showed that survival outcomes strongly differ in patients with 3 of 3 compared to those with 2, 1, and none of these 3 factors present ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Metastases burden, LDH levels, and RLC are independent baseline characteristics associated with outcome in patients with melanoma receiving anti-PD-1. Further investigations are needed to clarify if evaluation of these parameters can translate into clinical strategy and apply to patient selection.
Sensory Integration and Functional Reaching in Children With Rett Syndrome/Rett-Related Disorders
Authors: Drobnyk Wendy , Rocco Karen , Davidson Sara , Bruce Susan , Zhang Fang , Soumerai Stephen B 
Published: August 2019

Background: The loss of functional hand skills is a primary characteristic of Rett syndrome. Stereotypies, dyspraxia, and other sensory processing issues severely limit the individual’s ability to reach toward and sustain grasp on objects. This loss of functional reach and grasp severely limits their ability to participate in self-help, play, and school-related activities. We proposed that Ayres Sensory Integration (ASI) treatment would improve sensory processing and motor planning, which would lay the sensory-motor groundwork for improving grasp of objects, an important first step in developing functional hand use. Objective: We examined effects of ASI treatment on rate of reaching and grasping for children with Rett syndrome/Rett-related disorders. Methods: We used an interrupted time series design to measure changes in outcome variables occurring after intervention initiation and cessation. We analyzed daily video observations during baseline, intervention, and post-intervention periods, over a span of 7 months. Results: During baseline, rate of grasping declined moderately. There was a 15% increase in grasping from the end of baseline to end of the post-intervention period. There was no significant change in rate of reaching. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary data showing very small improvements in hand grasp of children with Rett syndrome following ASI treatment; larger studies in diverse settings are needed to establish the effectiveness of this approach. This study shows that an interrupted time series research design provides a valid template for evaluating interventions for children with rare disorders.
Physicians’ satisfaction with providing buprenorphine treatment
Authors: Knudsen Hannah K. , Brown Randy , Jacobson Nora , Horst Julie , Kim Jee-Seon , Collier Elizabeth , Starr Sanford , Madden Lynn M. , Haram Eric , Toy Alexander , Molfenter Todd 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Buprenorphine is a critically important treatment for addressing the opioid epidemic, but there are virtually no studies of physicians’ job satisfaction with providing buprenorphine. Physicians’ job satisfaction has been linked to burnout and turnover as well as patients’ adherence to treatment recommendations, so it is important to understand how physicians’ satisfaction with providing buprenorphine treatment compares to their overall job satisfaction.

Methods
As part of a cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT) focused on expanding access to medication for opioid use disorder, 55 physicians working in 38 organizations in Florida, Ohio, and Wisconsin completed a baseline web-based survey. Study measures included global job satisfaction, career satisfaction, and specialty satisfaction. Physicians who were waivered to prescribe buprenorphine were asked to rate their satisfaction with their current buprenorphine practice.

Results
Overall, physicians were generally satisfied with their jobs, their careers, and their specialties. When waivered physicians (n = 40) were compared to non-waivered physicians (n = 15) on 13 satisfaction items, there were no statistically significant differences. Among waivered physicians, ratings for buprenorphine work were significantly lower than ratings for general medical practice for finding such work personally rewarding, being pleased with such work, and overall satisfaction.

Conclusions
Although waivered and non-waivered physicians both reported high global job satisfaction, these data suggest that some waivered physicians may view their buprenorphine work as somewhat less satisfying than their global medical practice. Given that job dissatisfaction is a risk factor for turnover and burnout, managers of treatment organizations should consider whether strategies may be able to mitigate some sources of lower satisfaction in the context of buprenorphine treatment.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02926482. Date of registration: September 9, 2016. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02926482
Human Herpesvirus 6B and Lower Respiratory Tract Disease After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Hill Joshua A. , Vande Vusse Lisa K. , Xie Hu , Chung E. Lisa , Yeung Cecilia C.S. , Seo Sachiko , Stevens-Ayers Terry , Fisher Cynthia E. , Huang Meei-Li , Stewart F. Marc , Jerome Keith R. , Zerr Danielle M. , Corey Lawrence , Leisenring Wendy M. , Boeckh Michael 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) DNA is frequently detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from immunocompromised subjects with lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). Whether HHV-6B is a pulmonary pathogen is unclear. METHODS We tested BALF for HHV-6B DNA using polymerase chain reaction in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients who underwent a BAL for evaluation of LRTD from 1992 to 2015. We used multivariable proportional hazards models to evaluate the association of HHV-6B+ BALF with overall mortality, death from respiratory failure, and the effect of anti–HHV-6B antivirals on these outcomes. We used branched-chain RNA in situ hybridization to detect HHV-6 messenger RNA ( U41 and U57 transcripts) in lung tissue. RESULTS We detected HHV-6B+ BALF from 147 of 553 (27%) individuals. Subjects with HHV-6B+ BALF, with or without copathogens, had significantly increased risk of overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.18; 95% CI, 1.41-3.39) and death from respiratory failure (aHR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.56-4.01) compared with subjects with HHV-6B- BALF. Subjects with HHV-6B+ BALF who received antivirals within 3 days pre-BAL had an approximately 1 log10 lower median HHV-6B BALF viral load, as well as a lower risk of overall mortality (aHR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.16-1.10), compared with subjects with HHV-6B+ BALF not receiving antivirals. We detected intraparenchymal HHV-6 gene expression by RNA in situ hybridization in lung tissue in all three tested subjects with HHV-6B+ BALF and sufficient tissue RNA preservation. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence that HHV-6B detection in BALF is associated with higher mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients with LRTD. Definitive evidence of causation will require a randomized prevention or treatment trial.
The Gut Microbiome Derived From Anorexia Nervosa Patients Impairs Weight Gain and Behavioral Performance in Female Mice
Authors: Hata Tomokazu , Miyata Noriyuki , Takakura Shu , Yoshihara Kazufumi , Asano Yasunari , Kimura-Todani Tae , Yamashita Makoto , Zhang Xue-Ting , Watanabe Natsuru , Mikami Katsunaka , Koga Yasuhiro , Sudo Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) results in gut dysbiosis, but whether the dysbiosis contributes to AN-specific pathologies such as poor weight gain and neuropsychiatric abnormalities remains unclear. To address this, germ-free mice were reconstituted with the microbiota of four patients with restricting-type AN (gAN mice) and four healthy control individuals (gHC mice). The effects of gut microbes on weight gain and behavioral characteristics were examined. Fecal microbial profiles in recipient gnotobiotic mice were clustered with those of the human donors. Compared with gHC mice, gAN mice showed a decrease in body weight gain, concomitant with reduced food intake. Food efficiency ratio (body weight gain/food intake) was also significantly lower in gAN mice than in gHC mice, suggesting that decreased appetite as well as the capacity to convert ingested food to unit of body substance may contribute to poor weight gain. Both anxiety-related behavior measured by open-field tests and compulsive behavior measured by a marble-burying test were increased only in gAN mice but not in gHC mice. Serotonin levels in the brain stem of gAN mice were lower than those in the brain stem of gHC mice. Moreover, the genus Bacteroides showed the highest correlation with the number of buried marbles among all genera identified. Administration of Bacteroides vulgatus reversed compulsive behavior but failed to exert any substantial effect on body weight. Collectively, these results indicate that AN-specific dysbiosis may contribute to both poor weight gain and mental disorders in patients with AN.
The Use of Mathematical Tasks for Development by Younger Schoolchildren Skills of Research Activities
Authors: Келдибекова Аида , Keldibekova Aida , Омаралиев Абдималик , Omaraliev Abdimalik 
Published: August 2019

The article deals with the formation of research competence of primary schoolchildren through the use of heterogeneous mathematical tasks. The author analyses the types of classifications of mathematical tasks of different types that contribute to the activation and development of thinking in younger schoolchildren: creative tasks and tasks, the solution of which leads to the emergence of a new idea. It justifies the conclusion that
the work on the development of logical thinking and the formation of a non-standard approach to solving problems in the course of teaching mathematics can and should start from the first grade.
The Predictive role of Cognitive Factors and Academic Self-efficacy on Academic Functioning of Children at Risk for Specific Learning Disabilities
Authors: Shilshtein Evguenia , Margalit Malka 
Published: August 2019

<p style="text-align:justify">The goals of the study were to examine the predictive power of general cognitive ability, working memory, and self-efficacy in first grade for academic functioning of children at risk for learning disabilities in second grade. The study involved 82 children (age 6-7 years) from five local public elementary schools in middle-class neighborhoods in Jerusalem, including 41 children at risk for specific learning disabilities and 41 typically developing peers. In the first stage of the study, (performed at the end of first grade), general cognitive ability and working memory were assessed using subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (the subtests consisted of: Vocabulary and Block Design for general cognitive ability; Arithmetic and Digit Span for working memory). Academic self-efficacy was rated using a structural interview. At follow-up, academic functioning was assessed at the end of second grade. A serial-multiple mediation analysis revealed significant mediating roles for levels of performance in the Arithmetic subtest and for academic self-efficacy in predicting the academic functioning in second grade. The significance of the Arithmetic subtest, based on contemporary research on the structure of the intelligence was proposed. Educational implications call for sensitizing teachers to the unique role of academic self-efficacy in shaping trajectories of academic functioning development among children with RLD and in using effective strategies of promoting self-efficacy.</p>