bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: shared disease mechanisms between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome – translating knowledge from systems biology to the bedside
Authors: Sookoian Silvia , Pirola Carlos J. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Characterised by abnormal fat accumulation in the liver, NAFLD presents high degree of comorbidity with disorders of the metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. These comorbidities have strong negative impact on the natural course of NAFLD and vice versa, whereby the presence of NAFLD substantially modifies the course and prognosis of metabolic syndrome‐associated diseases.AimTo use systems biology strategies to interrogate disease mechanisms that are common to NAFLD and metabolic syndrome.MethodsWe mapped shared gene/protein‐disease interaction networks, we performed gene‐disease enrichment analysis to assess pleiotropy, and we created a gene‐drug connectivity network.ResultsWe found that a shared network of genes/proteins is overrepresented by immune response‐related pathways, post‐translational modifications of nuclear receptors, and platelet‐related processes, including activation and platelet signalling. Likewise, gene‐based disease‐enrichment analysis suggested underlying molecular effectors that are shared with major systemic disorders, including diverse autoimmune diseases, kidney, respiratory and nervous system disorders, cancer and infectious diseases. The shared list of genes/proteins was enriched in drug targets for anti‐inflammatory therapy, drugs used to treat cardiovascular diseases, antimicrobial agents and phytochemicals, among many other approved pharmaceutical compounds. By leveraging on publicly available OMICs data, we were able to show that shared loci are not necessarily affected by reverse causality.ConclusionWe provide evidence indicating that NAFLD treatment, including severe histological traits, cannot be limited to the use of a single drug, as it rather requires a multi‐target therapeutic approach.
Evaluation of the four breeds in synthetic line of Jiaxing Black Pigs and Berkshire for meat quality traits, carcass characteristics, and flavor substances
Authors: Zhang Wei , Song Qian‐qian , Wu Fen , Zhang Jin‐zhi , Xu Ming‐shu , Li Hai‐hong , Han Zhu‐jun , Gao Hai‐xia , Xu Ning‐ying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo investigate breed characteristics and the effect of hybridization of Jiaxing Black Pig (JBP) with Western breeds, the carcass and meat quality traits and flavor substances such as inosinic acids (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF) in longissimus muscle (LM) from five breeds including JBP, Berkshire, Berkshire × JBP (BJBP), Duroc × Berkshire × JBP (DBJBP), Duroc × Landrace × JBP (DLJBP) were compared in this study. It was found that water holding capacity (WHC) of LM in JBP was significantly higher than that in the other strains (p < 0.01). Dressing out percentage and lean percentage of JBP were both significantly lower than those in the others (p < 0.01) in connection with their lighter carcass weight and higher subcutaneous fat percentage (p < 0.01). Heterosis was realized in DJBP, DBJBP, and DLJBP since their carcass weight, lean percentage, and loin eye muscle area (LEMA) were markedly higher when compared to JBP, whereas lower than those in Berkshire. Among the breeds, the content of IMF and IMP in the LM of JBP were the highest. These traits were also palpably improved in the crossbreds, especially for DBJBP, of which pork was considered outstanding for containing the most abundant essential amino acids (EAA) and total amino acids (TAA).
A three‐wave longitudinal assessment of socioemotional development in a year‐long school‐based ‘gap year’
Authors: Clerkin Aidan 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundTransition Year (TY) is a quasi‐gap year offered midway through post‐primary education in Ireland. TY is intended to provide a low‐stakes environment to promote maturity and social skills, and to prepare students for adult life. Previous interview‐based research has found that TY is seen as a positive experience by many students and teachers. However, no study has sought to quantify the extent to which TY participation may be associated with socioemotional development.AimsTo gather baseline data before TY and then examine differences in socioemotional outcomes over a 2‐year period (three waves of data collection) between students who went on to take part in TY and those who did not.SampleA total of 1,563 Grade 9 students ‎(47% female, mean age = 15.4 years) in 20 schools were randomly sampled to provide a nationally representative sample.MethodsOutcome measures were selected to reflect (1) the intended aims of TY and (2) outcomes consistently identified through qualitative research as being associated with TY. These include student–teacher relations, self‐reliance, subjective age, school satisfaction, and social self‐efficacy. Latent growth curve models were used to examine differences in students’ development over time, controlling for initial (baseline) status and background covariates.ResultsTY participants reported significantly higher increases in subjective age and (for boys) self‐reliance over three waves than non‐participants. However, expected differences were not observed for other measures.ConclusionsThis is the first study to report longitudinal quantitative analyses of socioemotional outcomes in TY. The results highlight a tension between broadly positive qualitative reports of TY outcomes and the limited quantitative evidence, to date, of same. Some directions for future research are suggested.
Mechanisms of hypertension in autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Taylor Erin B. , Wolf Victoria L. , Dent Elena , Ryan Michael J. 
Published: February 2019

Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus have an increased prevalence of hypertension. There is now a large body of evidence showing that the immune system is a key mediator in both human primary hypertension and experimental models. Many of the proposed immunological mechanisms leading to primary hypertension are paralleled in autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Therefore, examining the link between autoimmunity and hypertension can be informative for understanding primary hypertension. This review examines the prevalent hypertension, the immune mediators that contribute to the prevalent hypertension and their impact on renal function and how the risk of hypertension is potentially influenced by common hormonal changes that are associated with autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc
The histidine decarboxylase model of tic pathophysiology: a new focus on the histamine H3 receptor
Authors: Pittenger Christopher 
Published: February 2019

Histamine dysregulation was implicated as a rare cause of Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders a decade ago by a landmark genetic study in a high density family pedigree, which implicated a hypomorphic mutation in the histidine decarboxylase (Hdc) gene as a rare but high penetrance genetic cause. Studies in Hdc knockout (KO) mice have confirmed that this mutation causes tic‐relevant behavioural and neurochemical abnormalities that parallel what is seen in patients and thus validate the KO as a potentially informative model of tic pathophysiology. Recent studies have focused on the potential role of the histamine H3 receptor in this model, and by association in tic disorders and related neuropsychiatric conditions. The H3 receptor is up‐regulated in the striatum in Hdc KO mice. As the H3 receptor has constitutive activity in the absence of ligand, this receptor up‐regulation may have significant cellular effects despite the absence of neurotransmitter histamine in these mice. Activation in vivo of H3 receptors in wild type mice regulates signalling in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that interacts non‐linearly with dopamine receptor signalling. Baseline signalling alterations in MSNs in Hdc KO mice resemble those seen after H3 receptor agonist treatment in wild type animals. H3 receptor agonist treatment in the KOs further accentuates most of these signalling abnormalities and produces behavioural stereotypy. Together, these data suggest the intriguing hypothesis that constitutive signalling by up‐regulated H3 receptors explains many of the molecular and behavioural abnormalities seen in these animals.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc
Drug interactions with dementia‐related pathophysiological pathways worsen or prevent dementia
Authors: Barus Romain , Béné Johana , Deguil Julie , Gautier Sophie , Bordet Régis 
Published: February 2019

Many risk factors are known to induce or precipitate dementia. Drugs acting via different mechanisms can modulate cognitive performance and exert either beneficial or deleterious effects on cognition through functional or neuropathological mechanisms. This review discusses the association between several classes of drugs and cognitive impairment and dementia risk. These drugs can be divided into drugs targeting CNS disorders (e.g., anticholinergic drugs, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and opioids) and drugs targeting non‐CNS disorders (e.g., antidiabetics, antihypertensives, proton pump inhibitors, and statins). Furthermore, we sought to highlight the pharmacological mechanisms underlying their possible detrimental or beneficial effects on cognition. Anticholinergic and antiepileptic drugs were excluded from this review because their effects on cognition are well known. Studies investigating benzodiazepines have revealed an increased risk of dementia. Conclusions on dementia risk or cognitive impairment regarding opioids and antipsychotic drugs are difficult to draw. These different classes appear to impair cognition not by a single clear mechanism of action specific to each class but by several relatively interdependent and interconnected mechanisms (e.g., impaired neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, neuronal death, oxidative stress, or interactions with dementia‐related pathways). The dementia risk initially associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors might have been overestimated. In contrast, statins, antihypertensive medications, and antidiabetics could potentially decrease the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment by acting in ways opposite to the mechanisms cited above.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc
Effects of micro/nano strontium‐loaded surface implants on osseointegration in ovariectomized sheep
Authors: Liu Fuwei , Li Yongfeng , Liang Jianfei , Sui Wen , Bellare Anuj , Kong Liang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPoor osseointegration of dental implants often occurs in osteoporotic patients and processed implant surfaces could help to improve the dilemma.PurposeThis study aimed to compare the effects of different titanium (Ti) surfaces on bone‐implant osseointegration in ovariectomized (OVX) sheep.Materials and MethodsFour groups were included: smooth titanium (ST) was merely polished Ti; micro titanium (MT) was treated with hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 30 minutes; strontium‐loaded nano titanium (NT‐Sr) was formed by magnetron sputtering; strontium‐loaded micro/nano titanium (MNT‐Sr) was fabricated by HF etching combined with magnetron sputtering. The biological responses were evaluated by human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) experiments in vitro. Osseointegration was evaluated in vivo after each surface implant was inserted into OVX sheep’ mandibles.ResultsThe numbers of adhered and mineralized hBMMSCs increased significantly in the MNT‐Sr group. The bone‐implant contact and the maximal pull‐out force increased significantly with MNT‐Sr surface. The bone volume ratio and trabecular number of the MNT‐Sr group were significantly higher than others, whereas trabecular separation decreased.ConclusionsThese results indicated that an MNT‐Sr surface promotes the differentiation of hBMMSCs in vitro and enhances bone‐implant osseointegration in vivo, which may be a promising option for clinical implants in osteoporotic patients.
Prospective controlled clinical study investigating long‐term clinical parameters, patient satisfaction, and microbial contamination of zirconia implants
Authors: Lorenz Jonas , Giulini Nino , Hölscher Werner , Schwiertz Andreas , Schwarz Frank , Sader Robert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundDental implants made of zirconia ceramics experienced a renaissance in the past years. However, there is still a lack in reliable long‐term clinical data.PurposeAim of the present prospective clinical study was to analyze the dental implants made from zirconia, regarding their clinical performance compared to natural teeth (control).Materials and MethodsEighty‐three zirconia implants in 28 adults were analyzed after 7.8 years of integration. Approximal plaque index (API), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (PAL), and creeping or recession (CR/REC) of the mucosa/gingiva were analyzed. Changes in the marginal bone level (MBL) have been determined by comparing radiographs recorded immediately after implant placement and at the follow‐up investigation. Furthermore, the pink esthetic score (PES), Periotest values (PTV), microbial colonization of the implant/dental sulcus fluid, and patient satisfaction were assessed.ResultsThe survival rate of zirconia implants was 100%, however one implant presented a profound peri‐implantitis, resistant to therapies. No statistical significance was observed between implants and teeth regarding SBI and PAL. Statistical significance was detected regarding API and CR/REC with significantly less plaque accumulation and recession in the study group. Significantly higher values for PPD were obvious in the zirconia implant group. PES of 9 ± 2.7 indicate a rather average esthetic result. Analysis of MBL revealed a mean peri‐implant bone resorption of 1.2 mm. Microbial analysis revealed a nonstatistically significant higher colonization of bacteria in the study group, whereas single bacteria species were detected in statistically significant higher amounts.ConclusionThe investigated one‐piece zirconia dental implants presented favorable long‐term clinical results, comparable to natural teeth (SBI and PAL), and, regarding adhesion of plaque and creeping attachment (CR/REC), even superior. The microbial investigation revealed a shift in peri‐implant colonization around zirconia implants over years, mainly without clinical effect on peri‐implantitis.
Ten years follow‐up retrospective study on implant survival rates and prevalence of peri‐implantitis in implant‐supported full‐arch rehabilitations
Authors: Francetti Luca , Cavalli Nicolò , Taschieri Silvio , Corbella Stefano 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present paper was to present medium‐ and long‐term data on implant survival and on the prevalence of peri‐implantitis in a cohort of patients treated with full‐arch rehabilitations.Materials and methodsClinical records of all patients treated with immediately loaded full‐arch rehabilitation in the Dental Clinic of the IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi in Milan, Italy, supported by moderately rough implants were retrospectively examined to calculate survival curves for implant loss and for the occurrence of peri‐implantitis (both at implant‐ and at patient level). Regression methods were used to evaluate the correlation between the presence of periodontitis and smoking habits with the outcomes.ResultsA total of 384 implants placed in 77 patients (96 rehabilitations) were evaluated for a mean period of 8.0 years (range 1.0–13.7 years) from loading. After 10 years, the cumulative survival rate was 96.11% (95% CI: 99.17%–93.05%; 84 implants) while the cumulative rate of implants free from peri‐implantitis was 86.92% (95% CI: 82.14%, 91.71%; 60.69% [95% CI: 44.19%, 77.19%] at patient level). The cumulative proportion of implants without peri‐implantitis after 10 years was significantly higher in mandible (89.76%, 95% CI: 84.49%, 95.03%) than in maxilla (81.71%, 95% CI: 71.91%, 91.51%; p = 0.028). No correlation was found between periodontal and smoking status and outcomes.ConclusionsThe study reported high 10‐year implant survival rate for full‐arch rehabilitations since implant loss was relatively rare. Peri‐implantitis was relatively frequent in the examined population although the number of subjects available for 10‐year evaluation was limited.
Comparison of 8‐ and 10‐mm diameter fully covered self‐expandable metal stents: A multicenter prospective study in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Kawashima Hiroki , Hashimoto Senju , Ohno Eizaburo , Ishikawa Takuya , Morishima Tomomasa , Matsubara Hiroshi , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Nonogaki Koji , Kanamori Akira , Hara Kazuo , Kuwahara Takamichi , Nakamura Masanao , Miyahara Ryoji , Ishigami Masatoshi , Ando Masahiko , Hirooka Yoshiki ,   The Nagoya Biliary Stent Study (NABIS)‐01 Group
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesThe time to recurrent biliary obstruction (TRBO) of unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction is generally thought to be longer when a self‐expandable metal stent (SEMS) with a thicker inner diameter is used for drainage, but the dependence on the inner diameter using a fully covered SEMS (FCSEMS) is uncertain. The objective of this multicenter prospective study was to compare TRBO and adverse events, such as cholecystitis and pancreatitis, in treatment of patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction using 8‐ and 10‐mm diameter FCSEMS.MethodsEighteen tertiary‐care centers participated in the study. Patients were allocated to the 8‐ and 10‐mm diameter groups. TRBO, non‐inferiority of the 8‐mm FCSEMS, overall survival time, frequency and type of adverse events, and non‐recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) rate at the time of death were compared between the two groups.ResultsMedian TRBO did not differ significantly between the 8‐mm (n = 102) and 10‐mm (n = 100) groups (275 vs 293 days, P = 0.971). The hazard ratio of the 8‐ to 10‐mm groups was 0.90 (80% confidence interval, 0.77–1.04; upper limit lower than the acceptable hazard ratio [1.33] of the null hypothesis). Based on these findings, the 8‐mm diameter stent was determined to be non‐inferior to the 10‐mm diameter stent. Survival time, incidence of adverse events and non‐RBO rate at the time of death did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsTime to RBO with an 8‐mm diameter FCSEMS was non‐inferior to that with a 10‐mm diameter FCSEMS. This finding is important for development of future SEMS.
Mechanisms linking height to early child development among infants and preschoolers in rural India
Authors: Black Maureen M. , Yimgang Doris P. , Hurley Kristen M. , Harding Kimberly B. , Fernandez‐Rao Sylvia , Balakrishna Nagalla , Radhakrishna Kankipati V. , Reinhart Gregory A. , Nair Krishnapillai Madhavan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStunting has been negatively associated with children's development. We examined the range of height by testing hypotheses: (a) height is positively associated with children's development, with associations moderated by inflammation and (b) home environments characterized by nurturance and early learning opportunities is positively associated with children's development over time and attenuate associations with height. Data included 513 infants (mean age 8.6 months) and 316 preschoolers (mean age 36.6 months) in rural India from a randomized controlled trial of multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs). Measures included height (height‐for‐age z‐scores based on WHO standards), inflammation (C‐reactive protein concentration >5 mg/L), nurturance (HOME Inventory), child development (Mullens Scales of Early Learning), and inhibitory control (preschoolers). Linear mixed effects models accounting for repeated measures, clustering, and confounders were used to assess associations between height and child development over time (infants: enrollment, 6 and 12 months; preschoolers: enrollment and 8 months). Moderating effects of inflammation and nurturance were tested with interaction terms. Among infants and preschoolers, height and nurturance were positively associated with all domains of child development over time, with the exception of inhibitory control. Among preschoolers, in the presence of inflammation, height was not associated with child development. Among infants, but not preschoolers, a nurturant home environment attenuated significant associations between height with fine motor and receptive language development. The mechanisms associated with children's development over time are multifactorial and include direct and indirect associations among nutrition, health, and the home environment, as supported by the Nurturing Care Framework.
Heart failure among people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: real‐world data of 289 954 people from a diabetes database
Authors: Stoyanova D. , Stratmann B. , Schwandt A. , Heise N. , Mühldorfer S. , Ziegelasch H.‐J. , Zimmermann A. , Tschoepe D. , Holl R. W. ,   the DPV Initiative
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimComparing people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without heart failure in terms of metabolic control, therapeutic regimen and comorbidities.MethodsThe Prospective Diabetes Registry (DPV) is a longitudinal documentation system for demographics, medical care and outcome in people with diabetes mellitus. It consists of follow‐up data from people with diabetes mellitus who have agreed to be recorded in the registry. Clinical data are submitted by general practitioners, specialists and clinics throughout Germany and Austria. Some 289 954 people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (years 2000 to 2015) were analysed using demographic statistics and adjustment for confounders based on linear and logistic regression analysis.ResultsPeople with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (ICD code: E11) and heart failure (ICD code: I50) (N = 14 723) were older, more often women and presented with longer diabetes duration compared with those without heart failure. After adjustment for age, gender and diabetes duration, people with heart failure showed lower HbA1c, higher BMI and more intense insulin therapy. Analysis revealed that people with heart failure were more often treated with insulin, and more frequently received anti‐hypertensives and lipid‐lowering medication. They presented with lower systolic and diastolic BP. People with heart failure more frequently showed a history of comorbidities.ConclusionHeart failure is common in diabetes mellitus, but the prevalence in the DPV is lower frequent than expected. The reason for improved metabolic control in heart failure may be intensified therapy with insulin, lipid‐lowering medication and anti‐hypertensives in this cohort.