bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Water‐Soluble, Two‐Photon Probe for Imaging Endogenous Hypochlorous Acid in Live Tissue
Authors: Xing Panfei , Feng Yanxian , Niu Yiming , Li Qiu , Zhang Zhe , Dong Lei , Wang Chunming 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDetection of hypochlorous acid (HClO) in the living system may help to uncover its essential biological functions. However, current imaging agents suffer from poor water solubility that limit their live‐tissue applications. Here, a water‐soluble probe (NNH) is devised through innovative hydrazone modification of 1,8‐naphthalimide at 3′ position. NNH was successfully applied to tracking endogenous HClO in both cultured macrophages and a liver injury model in mice. NNH demonstrated remarkably increased water solubility and multiple desirable features including two‐photon absorbance, anti‐bleaching capability, rapid cellular uptake, and low cytotoxicity. NNH is the first hydrazone‐based probe for real‐time imaging of HClO in live tissue.
Role of the Open‐Shell Character on the Pressure‐Induced Conductivity of an Organic Donor–Acceptor Radical Dyad
Authors: Souto Manuel , Gullo Maria Chiara , Cui HengBo , Casati Nicola , Montisci Fabio , Jeschke Harald O. , Valentí Roser , Ratera Imma , Rovira Concepció , Veciana Jaume 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSingle‐component conductors based on neutral organic radicals have received a lot of attention due to the possibility that the unpaired electron can serve as a charge carrier without the need of a previous doping process. Although most of these systems are based on delocalized planar radicals, we present here a nonplanar and spin localized radical based on a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) moiety, linked to a perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical by a conjugated bridge, which exhibits a semiconducting behavior upon application of high pressure. The synthesis, electronic properties, and crystal structure of this neutral radical TTF‐Ph‐PTM derivative (1) are reported and implications of its crystalline structure on its electrical properties are discussed. On the other hand, the non‐radical derivative (2), which is isostructural with the radical 1, shows an insulating behavior at all measured pressures. The different electronic structures of these two isostructural systems have a direct influence on the conducting properties, as demonstrated by band structure DFT calculations.
The Atmosphere Particle Kinetic Model for Particle Reactions in a Combustion Dust Reactor Using CFD Methods
Authors: Edler Franz , Geier Bernhard , Reiter Wolfgang , Rieger Johannes , Spijker Christoph , Raupenstrauch Harald 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDas Atmosphärenpartikel‐Kinetikmodell ist ein hilfreiches Werkzeug, um die Partikelkinetik in Abhängigkeit der Verweilzeit zu bestimmen. Dieses Modell ermöglicht die Quantifizierung verschiedenster Einflussparameter in einer RecoDust‐Pilotanlage zur pyrometallurgischen Aufbereitung von zinkhaltigen Stäuben. Dabei sind die wichtigsten Parameter die Temperatur, Gaszusammensetzung und ‐geschwindigkeit, Partikelgröße sowie die Partikeleingangstemperatur. Die Größe des gewählten Betrachtungsraumes orientiert sich an der Größe des vorhandenen Reaktors. Die Fluidphase wird als Euler‐Phase betrachtet und die Partikel über einen Lagrange‐Ansatz modelliert. Als Ergebnis wird die Änderung der Zusammensetzung in Abhängigkeit von der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit in dem Partikel für gegebene Parameter erhalten.
High control rates of proton‐ and carbon‐ion–beam treatment with intensity‐modulated active raster scanning in 101 patients with skull base chondrosarcoma at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center
Authors: Mattke Matthias , Vogt Kira , Bougatf Nina , Welzel Thomas , Oelmann‐Avendano Jan , Hauswald Henrik , Jensen Alexandra , Ellerbrock Malte , Jäkel Oliver , Haberer Thomas , Herfarth Klaus , Debus Jürgen , Uhl Matthias 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDThe current study compares the results of irradiation with protons and irradiation with carbon ions via a raster scan technique in patients with G1 and G2 skull base chondrosarcomas.METHODSBetween 2009 and 2014, a total of 101 patients (40 men and 61 women) with a median age of 44 years (range, 19‐77 years) were irradiated with carbon ions (79 patients) or protons (22 patients) via a raster scan technique at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center. The median total dose was 60 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) at 3 Gy per fraction for carbon ions and 70 Gy (RBE) at 2 Gy per fraction for protons. The median boost planning target volume was 38 cm3 (range, 8‐133 cm3). Overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) were evaluated with the Kaplan‐Meier method.RESULTSThe median follow‐up period was 40 months (range, 0.8‐78.1 months). At the start of the irradiation, all patients had residual macroscopic tumors. Five patients (5%) developed a local recurrence during the follow‐up. The 1‐, 2‐, and 4‐year LC rates were 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, for protons and 98.6%, 97.2%, and 90.5%, respectively, for carbon ions. The OS rates during the same periods of time were 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, for protons and 100%, 98.5%, and 92.9%, respectively, for carbon ions. An age ≤ 44 years was associated with a trend for a better outcome. No toxicity worse than Common Toxicity Criteria grade 3 was observed after treatment.CONCLUSIONSNo significant difference between carbon ions and protons in the therapy of skull base chondrosarcoma could be detected in these initial retrospective results. Cancer 2018;124:2036‐44. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Different qualifiers of AUS/FLUS thyroid FNA have distinct BRAF, RAS, RET/PTC, and PAX8/PPARg alterations
Authors: Bellevicine Claudio , Sgariglia Roberta , Migliatico Ilaria , Vigliar Elena , D'Anna Melania , Nacchio Maria Antonia , Serra Nicola , Malapelle Umberto , Bongiovanni Massimo , Troncone Giancarlo 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDThe Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology category of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) includes fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) specimens that cannot straightforwardly be classified as benign or malignant. To determine whether morphological subcategorization based on atypia qualifiers and molecular testing could improve malignancy risk stratification of AUS/FLUS patients, this study assessed the correlation between these qualifiers and the molecular alterations commonly harbored by thyroid neoplasms.METHODSA total of 162 AUS/FLUS cases were subcategorized by atypia qualifiers (Hürthle cell changes, architectural atypia, and cytologic atypia [CyA]) and were tested for BRAF, N‐H‐KRAS, RET/PTC, and paired box 8 (PAX8)/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARg) mutations.RESULTSCyA was observed more frequently in mutation‐positive AUS/FLUS (14 of 37 [37.84%]) than mutation‐negative AUS/FLUS (20 of 125 [16.00%]; P < .0084), and it specifically harbored the BRAFV600E point mutation. Malignancy was confirmed in the available follow‐up. Conversely, although RAS was the most frequent mutation identified in AUS/FLUS FNA specimens (26 of 37 cases [70.27%]; P < .0001), it was distributed across various AUS/FLUS subcategories and was not significantly associated with a specific atypia qualifier or malignant outcome according to the available follow‐up. Rearrangements of both RET/PTC (n = 1) and PAX8/PPARg (n = 3) were rarely retrieved in the FNA samples.CONCLUSIONSBRAF and RAS mutations are associated with different AUS/FLUS qualifiers and hence have different risks of malignancy. Consequently, a hybrid molecular and morphological subcategorization system could improve the malignancy risk stratification of thyroid FNA samples diagnosed as AUS/FLUS. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:317‐25. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Binocular response modulation in the lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Dougherty Kacie , Schmid Michael C. , Maier Alexander 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (LGN) receives the main outputs of both eyes and relays those signals to the visual cortex. Each retina projects to separate layers of the LGN so that each LGN neuron is innervated by a single eye. In line with this anatomical separation, visual responses of almost all of LGN neurons are driven by one eye only. Nonetheless, many LGN neurons are sensitive to what is shown to the other eye as their visual responses differ when both eyes are stimulated compared to when the driving eye is stimulated in isolation. This, predominantly suppressive, binocular modulation of LGN responses might suggest that the LGN is the first location in the primary visual pathway where the outputs from the two eyes interact. Indeed, the LGN features several anatomical structures that would allow for LGN neurons responding to one eye to modulate neurons that respond to the other eye. However, it is also possible that binocular response modulation in the LGN arises indirectly as the LGN also receives input from binocular visual structures. Here we review the extant literature on the effects of binocular stimulation on LGN spiking responses, highlighting findings from cats and primates, and evaluate the neural circuits that might mediate binocular response modulation in the LGN.
Isolation of Conventional Murine Lung Dendritic Cell Subsets
Authors: Bosteels Cédric , Lambrecht Bart N. , Hammad Hamida 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe lungs are continuously exposed to environmental threats, requiring an adequate and stringent immune response of a heterogeneous set of effector cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) form a dense network in the respiratory mucosa and act as the central regulators of the different components of this response, both sensing the nature of the threats and precisely coordinating the effector mechanisms best suited for overcoming it. The DCs are classically subdivided in two main groups, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional DCs (cDCs), the latter being further subdivided into cDC1s and cDC2s based on ontogeny and their distinct non‐redundant functions. This protocol provides different enrichment methods and represents an up‐to‐date, universal framework that uses a minimal set of highly specific lineage markers to discriminate and sort pure cDC subsets from the murine lung but also across tissues and species which is an added value in intra‐ and interspecies comparative research. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Flow Cytometry: An Overview
Authors: McKinnon Katherine M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFlow cytometry is a technology that provides rapid multi‐parametric analysis of single cells in solution. Flow cytometers utilize lasers as light sources to produce both scattered and fluorescent light signals that are read by detectors such as photodiodes or photomultiplier tubes. These light signals are converted into electronic signals that are analyzed by a computer and written to a standardized format (.fcs) data file. Cell populations can be analyzed and/or purified based on their fluorescent or light scattering characteristics. A variety of fluorescent reagents are utilized in flow cytometry. These include fluorescently conjugated antibodies, nucleic acid binding dyes, viability dyes, ion indicator dyes, and fluorescent expression proteins. Flow cytometry is a powerful tool that has applications in immunology, molecular biology, bacteriology, virology, cancer biology, and infectious disease monitoring. It has seen dramatic advances over the last 30 years, allowing unprecedented detail in studies of the immune system and other areas of cell biology. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Autoimmune Pancreatitis Mouse Model
Authors: Kamata Ken , Watanabe Tomohiro , Minaga Kosuke , Strober Warren , Kudo Masatoshi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAutoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a chronic fibro‐inflammatory disorder of the pancreas. However, extensive clinico‐pathological analyses have revealed that AIP is, in reality, a pancreatic manifestation of a newly described systemic disease known as IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD). IgG4‐RD is characterized by enhanced local and systemic IgG4 antibody (Ab) responses as well as inflammation involving multiple organs, including the pancreas, bile ducts, and salivary glands. Although mice lack the IgG4 Ab subtype, autoimmune‐prone MRL/Mp mice treated with repeated injection with polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)) provide an experimental model of AIP. These mice exhibit massive destruction of pancreatic architecture associated with pancreatic immune cell infiltration and fibrosis. Moreover, this experimental AIP may be accompanied by involvement of multiple organs as well as elevation of serum levels of autoAbs, resembling humans with IgG4‐RD. Thus, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms accounting for the development of experimental AIP can potentially provide new insights into the immuno‐pathogenesis of human IgG4‐related AIP. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analyzing Chemotaxis and Related Behaviors of Azospirillum Brasilense
Authors: O'Neal Lindsey , Mukherjee Tanmoy , Alexandre Gladys 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBacteria of the genus A. brasilense are motile and capable of chemotaxis and aerotaxis (taxis in gradient of oxygen) using a single polar flagellum that propels the cells in aqueous environments. Responses to attractants and repellents have been described and spatial gradient assays that permit the visualization of these responses are detailed in this unit. These assays are simple and can be readily implemented with minimum set ups. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hepatitis E Virus: Isolation, Propagation, and Quantification
Authors: Lin Shaoli , Yang Liping , Zhang Yan‐Jin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) predominantly causes acute liver disease in humans and is transmitted via the fecal‐oral route. HEV infection in pregnant women can result in grave consequences, with up to 30% fatality. The HEV strains infecting humans mainly belong to four genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 2 are restricted to human infection, while genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic. HEV genotype 3 (HEV‐3) can cause both acute and chronic liver diseases. Several cell lines (mainly hepatocytes) have been developed for HEV propagation and biological study. However, HEV production in these cell lines is suboptimal and inefficient. Here, we present methods for the isolation, propagation, and quantification of HEV. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Propagation and Quantification
Authors: Ma Zexu , Yang Liping , Zhang Yan‐Jin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a member of the family Arteriviridae, order Nidovirale. PRRSV is an enveloped, single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA virus with a genome around 15 kb in length. For propagation of PRRSV in vitro, the MARC‐145 cell line is the most often used in a laboratory setting. Infectious cDNA clones of many PRRSV strains have been established, from which these viruses can be recovered. PRRSV titration is generally done in MARC‐145 cells. PRRSV RNA copy numbers can be assessed by reverse transcription and real‐time PCR. Here, protocols for PRRSV propagation, virus recovery from infectious cDNA clones, and quantification are presented. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A new topology for nonisolated multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter
Authors: Babaei Ebrahim , Saadatizadeh Zahra , Chavoshipour Heris Pedram 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a new multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter is proposed. Multiport dc‐dc converters are widely applicable in hybrid energy generating systems to provide substantial power to sensitive loads. The proposed topology can operate in 3 operational modes of boost, buck, and buck‐boost. Moreover, it has zero voltage switching operation for all switches and has the ability to eliminate the input current ripple; also, at low voltage side, the input sources can be extended. In addition, it has the ability of interfacing 3 different voltages only by using 3 switches. In this paper, the proposed topology is analyzed theoretically for all operating modes; besides, the voltage and current equations of all components are calculated. Furthermore, the required soft switching and zero input currents ripple conditions are analyzed. Finally, to demonstrate the accurate performance of the proposed converter, the Power System Computer Aided Design(PSCAD)/Electro Magnetic Transient Design and Control(EMTDC) simulation and experimental results are extracted and presented.
Procollagen‐III peptide identifies adipose tissue‐associated inflammation in type 2 diabetes with or without nonalcoholic liver disease
Authors: Barchetta I. , Cimini F.A. , De Gioannis R. , Ciccarelli G. , Bertoccini L. , Lenzi A. , Baroni M.G. , Cavallo M.G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundProcollagen‐III peptide (PIIINP) is a marker of fibrosis associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and progression of chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis; its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among circulating PIIINP levels, metabolic traits, and body fat distribution in subjects with T2DM with or without NAFLD.MethodsData from 62 T2DM subjects recruited in our diabetes outpatient clinics at Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, were analysed. Participants underwent metabolic and inflammatory profiling (CRP, TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐8, WISP1, and adiponectin) and magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosing NAFLD on the basis of hepatic fat fraction (≥5.5%) and quantifying visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) areas. Serum PIIINP was measured by human‐PIIINP ELISA kits.ResultsHigher PIIINP levels correlated with greater BMI and visceral AT area and were associated with systemic signatures of AT‐associated inflammation—ie, higher WISP‐1, IL‐8, and lower adiponectin levels; conversely, PIIINP did not differ significantly between T2DM patients with or without NAFLD and were not associated with hepatic fat fraction, Fatty Liver Index, FIB‐4, or transaminases.ConclusionsElevated circulating PIIINP levels specifically identify T2DM individuals with AT expansion and systemic proinflammatory profile suggestive for AT dysfunction; our results point toward a new role of PIIINP as a marker of fibroinflammation in dysmetabolic conditions, likely related to AT expansion.
Thinness and muscularity internalization: Associations with disordered eating and muscle dysmorphia in men
Authors: Klimek Patrycja , Murray Stuart B. , Brown Tiffany , Gonzales IV Manuel , Blashill Aaron J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe tripartite influence model of body image identifies internalization of societal body ideals as a risk factor for developing body dissatisfaction, and subsequent disordered eating behavior. In men, internalization of two dimensions of body image ideals, thinness and muscularity, is associated with body dissatisfaction and eating concerns. However, it is unknown how thinness and muscularity internalization interact in predicting muscle dysmorphia and disordered eating in men.MethodData were collected online from 180 undergraduate men, with ages ranging from 18 to 33 years (19.6, SD = 2.6). Regression models were used to test the interactive effects of thinness and muscularity internalization on (a) muscle dysmorphia symptoms and (b) disordered eating. Subsequent simple slope analyses probed effects at the mean, and ±1 standard deviation of thinness internalization.ResultsMuscularity and thinness internalization were independently positively related to muscle dysmorphia symptoms and disordered eating. Additionally, a significant interaction revealed that muscularity internalization was increasingly related to muscle dysmorphia symptoms as thinness internalization decreased.DiscussionMen who internalized the muscular ideal had higher levels of muscle dysmorphia when they did not highly internalize the thin ideal. However, greater internalization of both the muscularity and thin ideal independently may be most relevant in the development of disordered eating in men. Future research is needed to explore variability in experiences of muscle dysmorphia compared with disordered eating in males.
Prognostic performance of serial in‐hospital measurements of copeptin and multiple novel biomarkers among patients with worsening heart failure: results from the MOLITOR study
Authors: Düngen Hans‐Dirk , Tscholl Verena , Obradovic Danilo , Radenovic Sara , Matic Dragan , Musial Bright Lindy , Tahirovic Elvis , Marx Almuth , Inkrot Simone , Hashemi Djawid , Veskovic Jovan , Apostolovic Svetlana , von Haehling Stephan , Doehner Wolfram , Cvetinovic Natasa , Lainscak Mitja , Pieske Burkert , Edelmann Frank , Trippel Tobias , Loncar Goran 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsIn heart failure, various biomarkers are established for diagnosis and risk stratification; however, little is known about the relevance of serial measurements during an episode worsening heart failure (WHF). This study sought to investigate the trajectory of natriuretic peptides and multiple novel biomarkers during hospitalization for WHF and to determine the best time point to predict outcome.Methods and resultsMOLITOR (Impact of Therapy Optimisation on the Level of Biomarkers in Patients with Acute and Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure) was an eight‐centre prospective study of 164 patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of WHF. C‐terminal fragment of pre‐pro‐vasopressin (copeptin), N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), mid‐regional pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (MR‐proANP), mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin (MR‐proADM), and C‐terminal pro‐endothelin‐1 (CT‐proET1) were measured on admission, after 24, 48, and 72 h, and every 72 h thereafter, at discharge and follow‐up visits. Their performance to predict all‐cause mortality and rehospitalization at 90 days was compared. All biomarkers decreased during recompensation (P < 0.05) except MR‐proADM. Copeptin at admission was the best predictor of 90 day mortality or rehospitalization (χ2 = 16.63, C‐index = 0.724, P < 0.001), followed by NT‐proBNP (χ2 = 10.53, C‐index = 0.646, P = 0.001), MR‐proADM (χ2 = 9.29, C‐index = 0.686, P = 0.002), MR‐proANP (χ2 = 8.75, C‐index = 0.631, P = 0.003), and CT‐proET1 (χ2 = 6.60, C‐index = 0.64, P = 0.010). Re‐measurement of copeptin at 72 h and of NT‐proBNP at 48 h increased prognostic value (χ2 = 23.48, C‐index = 0.718, P = 0.00001; χ2 = 14.23, C‐index = 0.650, P = 0.00081, respectively).ConclusionsThis largest sample of serial measurements of multiple biomarkers in WHF found copeptin at admission with re‐measurement at 72 h to be the best predictor of 90 day mortality and rehospitalization.