bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two‐level mixed‐integer programming model for bridge replacement prioritization
Authors: Zhang Ning , Alipour Alice 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA bridge network is an essential part of the transportation system. Therefore, the restoration and replacement activities of aging bridges result in severe traffic delays and disruptions that heavily impact the daily traffic. Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques are rapidly gaining acceptance as an alternative to conventional construction due to reduced construction duration and minimum closure impact at the network level. The limitations and completion rates vary depending on types of ABC. There is a trade‐off between a faster ABC technique with higher investment and a faster construction of a critical bridge in the network resulting large savings to users. To provide a balanced portfolio of ABC techniques on bridge sites and the prioritization of bridges for replacement, this paper develops a mixed‐integer programming (MIP) model with two levels. In this model, a network‐level scheme is used to select bridges for rapid replacement based on their criticality to the network, and a project‐level scheme is used to optimize the choice of ABC techniques for each selected bridge. To account for the effects of different construction strategies for bridge replacement, the costs associated with each replacement activity are calculated, including direct costs from the actual replacement of bridges and indirect costs experienced by network users due to bridge closures during maintenance. Using the MIP model and based on investment, outcomes are estimated for the enhanced serviceability, efficient ABC techniques, an optimal bridge replacement strategy, and minimized total cost during the entire process. These outcomes could provide decision makers and stakeholders with a complete understanding of the prioritization process at both the network and project levels.
Aspergillus specific nested PCR from the site of infection is superior to testing concurrent blood samples in immunocompromised patients with suspected invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Boch Tobias , Spiess Birgit , Heinz Werner , Cornely Oliver A. , Schwerdtfeger Rainer , Hahn Joachim , Krause Stefan W. , Duerken Matthias , Bertz Hartmut , Reuter Stefan , Kiehl Michael , Claus Bernd , Deckert Peter Markus , Hofmann Wolf‐Karsten , Buchheidt Dieter , Reinwald Mark 
Published: August 2019

SummaryInvasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe complication in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis is crucial to decrease its high mortality, yet the diagnostic gold standard (histopathology and culture) is time‐consuming and cannot offer early confirmation of IA. Detection of IA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) shows promising potential. Various studies have analysed its diagnostic performance in different clinical settings, especially addressing optimal specimen selection. However, direct comparison of different types of specimens in individual patients though essential, is rarely reported. We systematically assessed the diagnostic performance of an Aspergillus‐specific nested PCR by investigating specimens from the site of infection and comparing it with concurrent blood samples in individual patients (pts) with IA. In a retrospective multicenter analysis PCR was performed on clinical specimens (n = 138) of immunocompromised high‐risk pts (n = 133) from the site of infection together with concurrent blood samples. 38 pts were classified as proven/probable, 67 as possible and 28 as no IA according to 2008 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group consensus definitions. A considerably superior performance of PCR from the site of infection was observed particularly in pts during antifungal prophylaxis (AFP)/antifungal therapy (AFT). Besides a specificity of 85%, sensitivity varied markedly in BAL (64%), CSF (100%), tissue samples (67%) as opposed to concurrent blood samples (8%). Our results further emphasise the need for investigating clinical samples from the site of infection in case of suspected IA to further establish or rule out the diagnosis.
From passive to informed: mechanical mechanisms of seed dispersal
Authors: Seale Madeleine , Nakayama Naomi 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPlant dispersal mechanisms rely on anatomical and morphological adaptations for the use of physical or biological dispersal vectors. Recently, studies of interactions between the dispersal unit and physical environment have uncovered fluid dynamic mechanisms of seed flight, protective measures against fire, and release mechanisms of explosive dispersers. Although environmental conditions generally dictate dispersal distances, plants are not purely passive players in these processes. Evidence suggests that some plants may enact informed dispersal, where dispersal‐related traits are modified according to the environment. This can occur via developmental regulation, but also on shorter timescales via structural remodelling in relation to water availability and temperature. Linking interactions between dispersal mechanisms and environmental conditions will be essential to fully understand population dynamics and distributions.
When the outcome is different than expected: Subjective expectancy shapes reward prediction error at the FRN level
Authors: Walentowska Wioleta , Severo Mario Carlo , Moors Agnes , Pourtois Gilles 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConverging evidence in human electrophysiology suggests that evaluative feedback provided during performance monitoring (PM) elicits two distinctive and successive ERP components: the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) and the P3b. Whereas the FRN has previously been linked to reward prediction error (RPE), the P3b has been conceived as reflecting motivational or attentional processes following the early processing of the RPE, including action value updating. However, it remains unclear whether these two consecutive neurophysiological effects depend on the direction of the unexpectedness (better‐ or worse‐than‐expected outcomes; signed RPE) or instead only on the degree of unexpectedness irrespective of direction (i.e., unsigned RPE). To address this question, we devised an experiment in which we manipulated the objective reward probability and the subjective reward expectancy (via instructions) in a factorial within‐subject design and explored amplitude changes of the FRN and the P3b. A 64‐channel EEG was recorded while 32 participants performed a speeded go/no‐go task in which evaluative feedback based on the reward probability either violated expectancy (thereby creating a RPE) or did not. This violation corresponded either to better‐ or worse‐than‐expected events. Results showed that the FRN was larger when RPE occurred than when it did not, but irrespective of the direction of this violation. Interestingly, in these two conditions, action value was updated for the positive feedback selectively, as shown by the P3b amplitude. These results obey a two‐stage model of PM assuming that unsigned RPE is first rapidly detected (FRN level) before the positive feedback’s value is updated selectively (P3b effect).
Political interference and regulatory resilience in Brazil
Authors: Correa Paulo , Melo Marcus , Mueller Bernardo , Pereira Carlos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGovernments face a fundamental tradeoff between regulatory independence and control. Attempts of interference have the effect of reducing the system's level of commitment and credibility. On the other hand, an administration runs the risk that the autonomy delegated to regulators might be used to pursue outcomes that may harm their interests. This tradeoff is particularly relevant when there is an alternation of power with the arrival of a new political elite with different preferences. This paper uses data from a 2016 survey on regulatory governance applied to Brazilian regulatory agencies. This data is compared to a similar survey performed in 2005. The new survey results turn out to be surprisingly similar to those of a decade earlier, suggesting strong resilience of regulatory agencies despite significant attempts at political interference by powerful presidents. The factors explaining the resilience of regulatory governance in Brazil lie in its broader institutional endowment, which moderates the effects of executive interference.
Radon as a Tracer of Lung Changes Induced by Smoking
Authors: Böhm Radoslav , Sedlák Antonín , Bulko Martin , Holý Karol 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAfter smoking, exposure to radon and its progeny is the second leading cause of lung cancer. The probability of inducing lung carcinomas by inhaled radon progeny depends on the deposited radiation dose, and is significantly affected by physiological and morphometric changes induced by smoking. Due to irritation of the airways, the inhalation of cigarette smoke leads to the hyperproduction of mucus. Two concurrent processes occur: on one hand, increased production of mucus protects the target cells against radiation damage; on the other hand, in the case of long‐term smokers, a chronic lung obstruction develops, causing an increase in the radiation dose to the lungs. Depending on the duration and intensity of smoking, these processes contribute to the final radiation dose with different weights. The primary objective of this study was to investigate to what extent these smoke‐induced changes can modify the resulting absorbed dose of inhaled radon progeny relative to healthy nonsmokers. Since the bronchial dose depends on the degree of lung tissue damage, we have used this dose as a tool for detecting the effects of smoking on the lung epithelium. In other words, the biological effect of radon served as a tracer of changes induced by smoking.
Mothers’ perceptions of the practice of kangaroo mother care for preterm neonates in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Bayo Pontius , Alobo Gasthony , Feyissa Garumma Tolu , Belaid Loubna 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to explore the experiences of mothers with the practice of kangaroo mother care (KMC) for preterm neonates at home in sub-Saharan Africa.

Introduction:
About 7000 newborn babies die every day around the world. About 80% of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia. Preterm birth and low birth weight (LBW) are major causes of newborn deaths in these regions. Kangaroo mother care is an alternative way to care for LBW preterm neonates; however, the rate of practice remains low. Studies have identified a range of barriers, primarily at the healthcare system level, but there is a dearth of evidence on the factors and enablers at the community level.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will consider studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa on the perceptions and experiences of mothers who have given birth to preterm babies and have practiced KMC at home. Qualitative studies in English and French conducted from January 1979 to the present that exclusively use qualitative research methods including, but not limited to, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research and feminist research will be included.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, African Index Medicus (AIM), Academic Search Complete, CINAHL complete, Education Source and Health source: Nursing/Academic Edition will be searched. Eligible studies will be critically appraised using the standardized Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Findings will be pooled using the meta-aggregative approach, and confidence will be assessed according to the ConQual approach.
Moderate levels of Eocene pCO2 indicated by Southern Hemisphere fossil plant stomata
Authors: Steinthorsdottir Margret , Vajda Vivi , Pole Mike , Holdgate Guy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Reducing the uncertainty in predictions of future climate change is one of today’s greatest scientific challenges, with many significant problems unsolved, including the relationship between pCO2 and global temperature. To better constrain these forecasts, it is meaningful to study past time intervals of global warmth, such as the Eocene (56.0–33.9 Ma), serving as climatic analogues for the future. Here we reconstructed pCO2 using the stomatal densities of a large fossil Lauraceae (laurel) leaf database from ten sites across the Eocene of Australia and New Zealand. We show that mostly moderate pCO2 levels of ∼450–600 ppm prevailed throughout the Eocene, levels that are considerably lower than the pCO2 forcing currently needed to recreate Eocene temperatures in climate models. Our data record significantly lower pCO2 than inferred from marine isotopes, but concur with previously published Northern Hemisphere Eocene stomatal proxy pCO2. We argue that the now globally consistent stomatal proxy pCO2 record for the Eocene is robust and that climate sensitivity was elevated and/or that additional climate forcings operated more powerfully than previously assumed.
Heart rate and premature atrial contractions at 24hECG independently predict atrial fibrillation in a population-based study
Authors: Persson Anders Paul , Fedorowski Artur , Hedblad Bo , Persson Margaretha , Juul-Möller Steen , Engström Gunnar , Johnson Linda S B 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundLow resting heart rate and premature atrial contractions (PACs) predict incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and could be interdependent, since PACs occur in the gaps between normal beats.ObjectiveTo study the association between low heart rate at 24hECG, PACs and incident AF in a prospective population-based cohort.MethodsIn the Malmö Diet and Cancer study, 24hECGs were performed in 377 AF-free subjects. The endpoint was clinical AF retrieved from national hospital (mean follow-up 17 years). The interaction between increased supraventricular activity (SVA) top quartile of either PACs/hour or supraventricular tachycardias/hour) and mean heart rate (mHR) as regards AF risk was assessed in multivariable Cox regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, height, BMI, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, smoking and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.ResultsThere were 80 (21%) incident cases of AF. Below median mHR (80 bpm/75 bpm for women/men) was associated with increased AF incidence (HR: 1.89, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.02, p=0.008). There was no correlation between mHR and SVA (p=0.6) or evidence of a multiplicative interaction between these factors for AF risk (p for interaction=0.6) In the group with both increased SVA and below median mHR (17% of the population) the relative risk of AF was very high (HR 4.5, 95% CI 2.2 to 9.1, p=0.001).ConclusionLow mHR at 24hECG independently predicts AF, but there is no association between mHR and SVA, and these factors are independent as regards AF risk. Subjects with both low mHR and increased SVA have high AF risk.
Twist of Fate for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: TRIB3–TWIST1 Interaction Promotes Resistance
Authors: Peeke Stephen Z. , Gritsman Kira 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
While acute promyelocytic leukemia has a good prognosis with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment, ATRA resistance is a major obstacle. It is now demonstrated that TRIBBLES 3 (TRIB3) stabilizes TWIST1, leading to ATRA resistance. Peptides that disrupt this interaction lead to the degradation of TWIST1 and overcome ATRA resistance.
See related article by Lin et al., p. 6228
Pulmonary Arterial Elastance and INTERMACS-Defined Right Heart Failure Following Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Muslem Rahatullah , Ong Chin S. , Tomashitis Brett , Schultz Jessica , Ramu Bhavadharini , Craig Michael L. , Van Bakel Adrian B. , Gilotra Nisha A. , Sharma Kavita , Hsu Steven , Whitman Glenn J. , Leary Peter J. , Cogswell Rebecca , Lozonschi Lucian , Houston Brian A. , Zijlstra Felix , Caliskan Kadir , Bogers Ad J.J.C. , Tedford Ryan J. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Acute right heart failure (RHF) after left ventricular assist device implantation remains a major source of morbidity and mortality, yet the definition of RHF and the preimplant variables that predict RHF remain controversial. This study evaluated the ability of (1) INTERMACS (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support) RHF classification to predict post-left ventricular assist device survival and (2) preoperative characteristics and hemodynamic parameters to predict severe and severe acute RHF.

Methods and Results:

An international, multicenter study at 4 large academic centers was conducted between 2008 and 2016. All subjects with hemodynamics measured by right heart catheterization within 30 days before left ventricular assist device implantation were included. RHF was defined using the INTERMACS definition for RHF. In total, 375 subjects were included (mean age, 57.4±13.2 years, 54% bridge-to-transplant). Mild RHF was most common (34%), followed by moderate RHF (16%), severe RHF (13%), and severe acute RHF (9%). Estimated on-device survival rates at 2 years were 72%, 71%, and 55% in the patients with none, mild-to-moderate, and severe-to-severe acute RHF, respectively (
P
=0.004). In addition, the independent hazard ratio for mortality was only increased in the patients with severe-to-severe acute RHF (hazard ratio, 3.95; 95% CI, 2.16–7.23;
P
<0.001). INTERMACS-defined RHF was superior to postimplant inotrope duration alone in the prediction of all-cause mortality. In multivariable analysis, older age, lower INTERMACS classes, and higher pulmonary arterial elastance (ratio of systolic pulmonary artery pressure to stroke volume) before left ventricular assist device, were identified as significant predictors of severe-to-severe acute RHF. Stratifying patients by ratio of systolic pulmonary artery pressure to stroke volume and right atrial pressure significantly improved the discrimination between patients at risk for severe-to-severe acute RHF.

Conclusions:
The INTERMACS RHF classification correctly identifies patients at risk for mortality, though this risk is only increased in patients with severe-to-severe acute RHF. Several predictors for RHF were identified, of which ratio of systolic pulmonary artery pressure to stroke volume was the strongest hemodynamic predictor. Coupling ratio of systolic pulmonary artery pressure to stroke volume with right atrial pressure may be most helpful in identifying patients at risk for severe-to-severe acute RHF.
Artery-Associated Sympathetic Innervation Drives Rhythmic Vascular Inflammation of Arteries and Veins
Authors: de Juan Alba , Ince Louise Madeleine , Pick Robert , Chen Chien-Sin , Molica Filippo , Zuchtriegel Gabriele , Wang Chen , Zhang Dachuan , Druzd David , Hessenauer Maximilian E.T. , Pelli Graziano , Kolbe Isa , Oster Henrik , Prophete Colette , Hergenhan Sophia Martina , Albrecht Urs , Ripperger Jürgen , Montanez Eloi , Reichel Christoph A. , Soehnlein Oliver , Kwak Brenda R. , Frenette Paul S. , Scheiermann Christoph 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The incidence of acute cardiovascular complications is highly time-of-day dependent. However, the mechanisms driving rhythmicity of ischemic vascular events are unknown. Although enhanced numbers of leukocytes have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, the role that rhythmic leukocyte adhesion plays in different vascular beds has not been studied.

Methods:

We evaluated leukocyte recruitment in vivo by using real-time multichannel fluorescence intravital microscopy of a tumor necrosis factor-α–induced acute inflammation model in both murine arterial and venous macrovasculature and microvasculature. These approaches were complemented with genetic, surgical, and pharmacological ablation of sympathetic nerves or adrenergic receptors to assess their relevance for rhythmic leukocyte adhesion. In addition, we genetically targeted the key circadian clock gene
Bmal1
(also known as
Arntl
) in a lineage-specific manner to dissect the importance of oscillations in leukocytes and components of the vessel wall in this process.

Results:

In vivo quantitative imaging analyses of acute inflammation revealed a 24-hour rhythm in leukocyte recruitment to arteries and veins of the mouse macrovasculature and microvasculature. Unexpectedly, although in arteries leukocyte adhesion was highest in the morning, it peaked at night in veins. This phase shift was governed by a rhythmic microenvironment and a vessel type–specific oscillatory pattern in the expression of promigratory molecules. Differences in cell adhesion molecules and leukocyte adhesion were ablated when disrupting sympathetic nerves, demonstrating their critical role in this process and the importance of β
2
-adrenergic receptor signaling. Loss of the core clock gene
Bmal1
in leukocytes, endothelial cells, or arterial mural cells affected the oscillations in a vessel type–specific manner. Rhythmicity in the intravascular reactivity of adherent leukocytes resulted in increased interactions with platelets in the morning in arteries and in veins at night with a higher predisposition to acute thrombosis at different times as a consequence.

Conclusions:
Together, our findings point to an important and previously unrecognized role of artery-associated sympathetic innervation in governing rhythmicity in vascular inflammation in both arteries and veins and its potential implications in the occurrence of time-of-day–dependent vessel type–specific thrombotic events.
Cultural Variations in the Curse of Knowledge: the Curse of Knowledge Bias in Children from a Nomadic Pastoralist Culture in Kenya
Authors: Ghrear Siba , Chudek Maciej , Fung Klint , Mathew Sarah , Birch Susan A. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examined the universality of the curse of knowledge (i.e., the tendency to be biased by one’s knowledge when inferring other perspectives) by investigating it in a unique cross-cultural sample; a nomadic Nilo-Saharan pastoralist society in East Africa, the Turkana. Forty Turkana children were asked eight factual questions and asked to predict how widely-known those facts were among their peers. To test the effect of their knowledge, we taught children the answers to half of the questions, while the other half were unknown. Based on findings suggesting the bias’s universality, we predicted that children would estimate that more of their peers would know the answers to the questions that were taught versus the unknown questions. We also predicted that with age children would become less biased by their knowledge. In contrast, we found that only Turkana males were biased by their knowledge when inferring their peers’ perspectives, and the bias did not change with age. We discuss the implications of these findings.
A new species of cyprinoid fish from the Tana River, Kenya (Actinopterygii: Danionidae)
Authors: BART HENRY L. JR. , SCHMIDT RAY C. , NYINGI WANJA DOROTHY , GATHUA JOSEPH 
Published: August 2019

Sampling of streams in the middle reaches of the Tana River Basin in Meru National Park, Kenya, from 2010 to 2012 for an NSF-funded International Research Experiences for Students (IRES) project, resulted in the capture of a number of specimens of what were first thought to be Neobola fluviatilis. On closer examination the specimens were determined to represent a distinct species, endemic to the Tana River basin, which is herein formally described. The new species is readily diagnosed from N. fluviatilis by higher counts of lateral line, pre-dorsal, and caudal peduncle circumferential scales, higher numbers of pectoral rays, lower numbers of anal fin rays, and a shorter anal-fin base length.