bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual disorders caused by cranial arteriovenous fistula with venous drainage into the superior ophthalmic vein
Authors: Kondo Ryushi , Kumabe Toshihiro , Yamamoto Daisuke , Koizumi Hiroyuki , Kuroda Hiroki , Miyasaka Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2019

Background Although the abnormal venous drainage into the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) is a well-known entity responsible for ocular symptoms, it remains unclear to what degree it affects the visual function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of the visual disorders in patients with intracranial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with venous drainage into the SOV. Methods This retrospective study involved eight patients diagnosed with intracranial AVFs with abnormal venous drainage into the SOV between January 2014 and December 2016. Results The most common location of AVF was the cavernous sinus (CS) in five patients, followed by the intraorbit in two patients and superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in one patient. Visual disorders were detected in three patients (two intraorbit and one CS). The visual field contraction was observed in a patient with intraorbital AVF, and the reduction of visual acuity was confirmed in another patient with intraorbital AVF and a patient with CS dural AVF. All patients underwent an interventional treatment consisting of endovascular embolisation, stereotactic radiosurgery or both, which was selected based on their angioarchitecture. Although angiographic cure of AVF was confirmed in all patients, visual function did not fully recover in two patients with intraorbital AVF. Conclusions In cases of intraorbital AVF, visual disorders are more frequent and can result in poorer outcomes compared with other dural AVFs with drainage into the SOV. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preserve the visual function of patients with intraorbital AVF.
Stability improvement and characterization of bioprinted pectin-based scaffold
Authors: Stealey Samuel , Guo Xiaoru , Ren Lixia , Bryant Elizabeth , Kaltchev Matey , Chen Junhong , Kumpaty Subha , Hua Xiaolin , Zhang Wujie 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: Bioprinting is an alternative method for constructing tissues/organs for transplantation. This study investigated the cross-linker influence and post-printing modification using oligochitosan and chitosan for stability improvement. Methods: Oligochitosan was tested as a novel cross-linker to replace Ca2+ for pectin-based bio-ink. Oligochitosan (2 kD) and different molecular weight of chitosan were used to modify the bioprinted scaffold. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the scaffolds. Results: Oligochitosan failed to serve as a viable cross-linker. Successful post-printing modification was confirmed by FTIR and SEM analyses. Conclusion: Regarding post-modification, chitosan-treated scaffolds showed enhanced stability compared to untreated scaffolds. In particular, scaffolds modified with 150 kD chitosan exhibited the highest stability.
Evaluation of the light transmission of chairside polymer infiltrated hybrid ceramics in different shades and thicknesses
Authors: Duran İbrahim , Kaleli Necati , Ural Çağrı , Kavut İdris 
Published: February 2019

Background: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the amount of polymerizing light passing through hybrid ceramic specimens in different shades and thicknesses. Methods: Rectangular-shaped feldspathic ceramic computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) blocks and translucent and high translucent polymer infiltrated hybrid ceramic CAD-CAM blocks in four different shades (1M1, 1M2, 2M2, and 3M2) were sectioned in four different thicknesses (0.8, 1.5, 2, and 3 mm), and a total of 48 groups ( n = 10) were obtained. Feldspathic ceramic specimens served as the control group. The light transmission of each ceramic specimen was measured three times by using a light-emitting diode and a radiometer. Data were statistically analyzed by using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey honest significant difference, and Tamhane T2 tests (α = 0.05). Results: Translucent polymer infiltrated hybrid ceramic specimens exhibited significantly ( p < 0.001) lower light transmission values than high translucent polymer infiltrated hybrid ceramic and feldspathic ceramic specimens, whereas feldspathic ceramic specimens exhibited significantly ( p < 0.001) higher light transmission than translucent and high translucent polymer infiltrated hybrid ceramic specimens. The amount of light transmission significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased when the shade value decreased and the thickness increased. Conclusions: Polymer infiltrated hybrid ceramic specimens showed lower light transmission values than feldspathic ceramic specimens, and the amount of light transmission was affected by the ceramic shade and thickness.
Preparation of Chitosan Microcapsules Containing Red Ginger Oleoresin Using Emulsion Crosslinking Method
Authors: Jayanudin  , Fahrurrozi Moh. , Wirawan Sang Kompiang , Rochmadi  
Published: February 2019

Background: Encapsulation is one of the methods used to trap active ingredients in the wall material of microparticles. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the encapsulation of red ginger oleoresin using an emulsion crosslinking method with chitosan as the wall material. Methods: Emulsions were formed of red ginger oleoresin with chitosan in concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% (w/v), respectively. The emulsions were then mixed with corn oil and stirred for one hour to obtain a second set of emulsions, and glutaraldehyde saturated toluene (GST) was added dropwise in quantities of 20, 10, 6.7, and 5 ml, respectively. This was followed by the addition of 2 ml of 25% glutaraldehyde and the emulsions were stirred for two hours. The resulting microcapsules were washed with petroleum ether followed by hexane and then dried in an oven at 70oC. Results: The emulsion crosslinking method used to trap the red ginger oleoresin in chitosan produced microcapsules of good spherical geometry with the mean diameter ranging from 75.61 ± 11.8 µm to 178.65 ± 40.7 µm. The highest yield was 98.93% and encapsulation efficiency was 83.1%. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis showed that the melting point was at a temperature between 120 and 130oC. Conclusion: Chitosan concentration has little effect on encapsulation yield, whereas the amount of GST tends to strengthen the crosslinking bonds of chitosan and reduces the mean diameter of microspheres.
Effect of strontium doping on the biocompatibility of calcium phosphate-coated titanium substrates
Authors: Nguyen Thuy-Duong Thi , Jang Yong-Seok , Lee Min-Ho , Bae Tae-Sung 
Published: February 2019

Background: Titanium biomedical devices coated with strontium-doped calcium phosphate ceramics can support desirable bone regeneration through anabolic and anti-catabolic effects of strontium and the compositions close to that of natural mineral tissue. Methods: Strontium was doped into the calcium phosphate coating using the cyclic pre-calcification method on the anodized titanium plate. The effects of the different concentration of strontium in treatment solution and cycle numbers of the pre-calcification treatment on the biocompatibility were investigated in terms of the changes in morphology and chemical composition of coating, ion release pattern and cytocompatibility in vitro. Results: At a high substitution ratio of strontium in the calcium phosphate coating, the size of precipitated particles was decreased and the solubility of the coating was increased. ASH55 group, which was coated by pre-calcification treatment of 20 cycles in coating solution with Sr:Ca molar ratio of 5:5, exhibited superior cellular attachment at 1 day and proliferation after 7 days of culturing in comparison with the non-doped surface and other doped surfaces. Conclusion: Sufficient strontium doping concentrations in calcium phosphate coating can enhance cell adhesion and proliferation on the titanium biomedical devices for bone regeneration.
Blinded Ultrasound Examination of the Subscapularis Following Anatomic Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: O’Malley Michael P , Kia Cameron , Dukas Alex G , Cote Mark , Stock Harlan , Savoy Lawrence , Tinsley Brian A , Alaee Farhang , Mazzocca Augustus D , Shea Kevin P 
Published: February 2019

Background The subscapularis tendon is commonly released during shoulder arthroplasty, and its integrity and repair postoperatively have been shown important to help maximize patient function. However, diagnosing subscapular tendon failure can be difficult with magnetic resonance imaging secondary to metal artifact as well as very costly. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of ultrasound imaging in evaluating subscapularis integrity at specific time points following shoulder arthroplasty, in a blinded fashion. Secondarily, we report on the correlation between the condition of the subscapularis and quality-of-life outcome measures. Study Design Prospective case series. Methods Ultrasounds were completed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 week as well as at 1, 3, and 6 months. Each was read by a single musculoskeletal radiologist and categorized as “intact,” “torn,” or “unclear.” Clinical outcome was evaluated using the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis Shoulder (WOOS) index at these same time points. Results The final study group consisted of 35 procedures in 33 patients (19 females and 14 males, mean age 66 ± 9 years). Three patients had postoperative subscapularis failures that were confirmed in the operating room at the time of repair. Of 24 sonographs categorized as “unclear” in the postoperative period, the majority (n = 12, 50%) were taken at 1 week. Compared to preoperative scores, patients had lower WOOS scores at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively ( P < .001). Correlation analysis did not reveal an association between the ultrasound readings and the WOOS scores postoperatively. Conclusion The utility of ultrasound examination of the subscapularis tendon following shoulder arthroplasty is limited by timing and may be most useful when used by the physician within clinical context. Significant improvement was noted in disease-specific quality-of-life scores regardless of the status of the subscapularis tendon as read on ultrasound.
Parsaclisib, a potent and highly selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies
Authors: Forero-Torres Andres , Ramchandren Radhakrishnan , Yacoub Abdulraheem , Wertheim Michael S. , Edenfield William J. , Caimi Paolo , Gutierrez Martin , Akard Luke , Escobar Carolina , Call Justin , Persky Daniel , Iyer Swaminathan , DeMarini Douglas J. , Zhou Li , Chen Xuejun , Dawkins Fitzroy , Phillips Tycel J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This phase 1/2 study assessed parsaclisib (INCB050465), a next-generation, potent, and highly selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies, alone or in combination with a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor (itacitinib) or chemotherapy (rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide). Seventy-two patients received parsaclisib monotherapy (5-45 mg once daily). Expansion doses were 20 and 30 mg once daily; intermittent dosing at 20 mg (once daily for 9 weeks, then once weekly) was explored. No dose-limiting toxicities were identified, and maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Most common nonhematologic treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were diarrhea/colitis (36%), nausea (36%), fatigue (31%), and rash (31%). Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 19% of patients. Serious TEAEs (&gt;2 patients) were diarrhea/colitis (n = 9), pyrexia (n = 4), hypotension (n = 3), and sepsis (n = 3). Aspartate and alanine transaminase elevations occurring before treatment discontinuation were grade 1, except 1 grade 3 event each, secondary to sepsis. Two patients experienced 3 fatal parsaclisib-unrelated TEAEs (respiratory failure; respiratory failure and sepsis). In non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), objective response rates to monotherapy were 71% in follicular lymphoma, 78% in marginal zone lymphoma, 67% in mantle cell lymphoma, and 30% in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; 93% of responses occurred at first assessment (∼9 weeks). Parsaclisib has demonstrated antitumor activity in relapsed or refractory B-cell NHL with the potential for improved long-term patient outcomes. Phase 2 studies in relapsed or refractory B-cell NHL subtypes are ongoing. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02018861.
Clinical presentation, management, and biomarkers of neurotoxicity after adoptive immunotherapy with CAR T cells
Authors: Karschnia Philipp , Jordan Justin T. , Forst Deborah A. , Arrillaga-Romany Isabel C. , Batchelor Tracy T. , Baehring Joachim M. , Clement Nathan F. , Gonzalez Castro L. Nicolas , Herlopian Aline , Maus Marcela V. , Schwaiblmair Michaela H. , Soumerai Jacob D. , Takvorian Ronald W. , Hochberg Ephraim P. , Barnes Jeffrey A. , Abramson Jeremy S. , Frigault Matthew J. , Dietrich Jorg 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a promising class of cell-based immunotherapy in refractory malignancies. Neurotoxicity represents a common and potentially life-threatening adverse effect of CAR T cells, and clinical experience is limited. Here, we describe the clinical presentation and management of 25 adult patients who presented with neurotoxic syndromes after CAR T-cell therapy at the Massachusetts General Hospital. This cohort includes 24 patients treated with CD19-directed CAR T cells for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 23) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 1), and 1 patient treated with α-fetoprotein–directed CAR T cells for hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 1). Twelve of the 25 patients (48%) developed grade 1-2 neurotoxicity and 13 patients (52%) presented with grade 3-4 neurotoxicity. We found that lower platelet counts at time of CAR T-cell infusion were associated with more severe neurotoxicity (P = .030). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 24 of 25 patients (96%). Serum levels of ferritin peaked with onset of neurologic symptoms, and higher ferritin levels were associated with higher neurotoxicity grade. Grade 3-4 neurotoxicity correlated negatively with overall survival (OS) (P = .013). Median OS of the entire cohort was 54.7 weeks. Eight patients (32%) with grade 3-4 neurotoxicity were deceased at database closure, whereas none died with neurotoxicity grade 1-2. High pretreatment lactate dehydrogenase was frequently encountered in lymphoma patients with grade 3-4 neurotoxicity and correlated negatively with progression-free survival (P = .048). We did not find evidence that steroid use ≥7 days altered the patient’s outcome when compared with &lt;7 days of steroids. Management of CAR T cell–mediated neurotoxicity warrants evaluation in prospective clinical trials.
Recent Research in Science Teaching and Learning
Authors: Eddy Sarah L. 
Published: February 2019

The Current Insights feature is designed to introduce life science educators and researchers to current articles of interest in other social science and education journals. In this installment, I highlight three diverse research studies: one addresses the relationships between active learning and teaching evaluations; one presents an observation tool for documenting metacognition in the classroom; and the last explores things teachers can say to encourage students to employ scientific reasoning during class discussions.
Lung cancer incidence in patients with schizophrenia: meta-analysis
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Zhuang Hongqing , Gao Xiangyang , Triplett Patrick Todd 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundLung cancer risk factors, like tobacco smoking, are highly prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. Whether these patients have a higher risk of lung cancer remains unknown.AimsWe aimed to investigate whether patients with schizophrenia have a higher incidence of lung cancer compared with general population, in a meta-analysis.MethodEligible studies were searched from PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify cases of lung cancer in patients with schizophrenia and the general population. This meta-analysis utilised the random-effects model and prediction interval was used to calculate the heterogeneity of these eligible studies. We assessed the quality of evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsThere were 12 studies, totalling 496 265 patients, included in this meta-analysis. The data showed that the baseline schizophrenia diagnosis was not associated with any changes in lung cancer incidence in the overall population, with a standardised incidence ratio of 1.11 (95% CI 0.90–1.37; P = 0.31), although there was a significant heterogeneity among these studies (I2 = 94%). Moreover, there was also a substantial between-study variance with wide prediction interval values (0.47–2.64). The data were consistent for both males and females.ConclusionsUp-to-date evidence from epidemiological studies indicates the lack of certainty about the association between schizophrenia diagnosis and lung cancer incidence.
Classification of Background Parenchymal Uptake on Molecular Breast Imaging Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Carter Rickey E. , Attia Zachi I. , Geske Jennifer R. , Conners Amy Lynn , Whaley Dana H. , Hunt Katie N. , O’Connor Michael K. , Rhodes Deborah J. , Hruska Carrie B. 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE Background parenchymal uptake (BPU), which describes the level of radiotracer uptake in normal fibroglandular tissue on molecular breast imaging (MBI), has been identified as a breast cancer risk factor. Our objective was to develop and validate a deep learning model using image convolution to automatically categorize BPU on MBI. METHODS MBI examinations obtained for clinical and research purposes from 2004 to 2015 were reviewed to classify the BPU pattern using a standardized five-category scale. Two expert radiologists provided interpretations that were used as the reference standard for modeling. The modeling consisted of training and validating a convolutional neural network to predict BPU. Model performance was summarized in data reserved to test the performance of the algorithm at the per-image and per-breast levels. RESULTS Training was performed on 24,639 images from 3,133 unique patients. The model performance on the withheld testing data (6,172 images; 786 patients) was evaluated. Using direct matching on the predicted classification resulted in an accuracy of 69.4% (95% CI, 67.4% to 71.3%), and if prediction within one category was considered, accuracy increased to 96.0% (95% CI, 95.2% to 96.7%). When considering the breast-level prediction of BPU, the accuracy remained strong, with 70.3% (95% CI, 68.0% to 72.6%) and 96.2% (95% CI, 95.3% to 97.2%) for the direct match and allowance for one category, respectively. CONCLUSION BPU provided a robust target for training a convolutional neural network. A validated computer algorithm will allow for objective, reproducible encoding of BPU to foster its integration into risk-stratification algorithms.
Cyclin E1 Expression and Palbociclib Efficacy in Previously Treated Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Turner Nicholas C. , Liu Yuan , Zhu Zhou , Loi Sherene , Colleoni Marco , Loibl Sibylle , DeMichele Angela , Harbeck Nadia , André Fabrice , Bayar Mohamed Amine , Michiels Stefan , Zhang Zhe , Giorgetti Carla , Arnedos Monica , Huang Bartlett Cynthia , Cristofanilli Massimo 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE A large-panel gene expression analysis was conducted to identify biomarkers associated with the effectiveness of adding palbociclib to fulvestrant. METHODS The PALOMA-3 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01942135 ) trial randomly assigned 521 endocrine-pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer to receive palbociclib plus fulvestrant or placebo plus fulvestrant. Primary analysis was first conducted on 10 genes on the basis of pathway biology and evidence from previous studies followed by a systematic panel-wide search among 2,534 cancer-related genes. The association of gene expression with the effect of palbociclib on progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with gene expression as a continuous variable or dichotomized by median. An independent breast cancer cohort from the Preoperative Palbociclib (POP) Clinical Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02008734 ) was used for validation, in 61 patients with primary breast cancer treated with 2 weeks of palbociclib. RESULTS In the PALOMA-3 trial, 302 patients had tumor tissue analyzed (palbociclib arm, 194 patients; placebo arm, 108 patients). Palbociclib efficacy was lower in patients with high versus low cyclin E1 ( CCNE1) mRNA expression (median PFS: palbociclib arm, 7.6 v 14.1 months; placebo arm, 4.0 v 4.8 months, respectively; interaction P unadjusted = .00238; false discovery rate–adjusted P = .0238). CCNE1 mRNA was more predictive in metastatic than in archival primary biopsy tissue samples. No significant interaction was found between treatment and expression levels of CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, and RB1. Palbociclib was efficacious in both luminal A and luminal B tumors. High CCNE1 mRNA expression was associated with poor antiproliferative activity of palbociclib in the POP trial ( P = .005). CONCLUSION Addition of palbociclib to fulvestrant demonstrated efficacy in all biomarker groups, although high CCNE1 mRNA expression was associated with relative resistance to palbociclib.
Grey value contrast sensitivity of dental practitioners in function of luminance and age
Authors: Jacquet Wolfgang , Cleymaet Roberto G. , Bottenberg Peter 
Published: February 2019

Objectives:Grey value perception is important in viewing and interpreting X-ray images. It is possible that ageing decreases the number of gray values that a person can distinguish. This hypothesis was tested in a group of dental practitioners from students to experienced dentists using a 12-bit grey scale.Methods and materials:A custom-made computer software was used based on the principle of the “just noticeable difference” (JND). Observers were shown a picture of an outer square with increasing grey value in which a smaller square of different grey value popped up in changing positions. As soon as the observers could see the difference, they clicked the inner square. The grey values were shown with a 12-bit depth in batches of 400 grey value steps. 59 dentists of 3 age groups (20–24, 25–45 and 46–70 years) participated in the study. A subgroup of 20 practitioners performed a validation test with test-retest and test in reversed grey value sequence (white to black). JND was calculated and plotted against grey value using a third-order polynomial function. These curves were compared statistically.Results:Test-retest, also in reversed order did not yield different curves (p values between 0.79 and 0.97). Curves between different age groups showed significant differences, with older practitioners needing more contrast to accomplish the task. Contrast sensitivity showed an optimum in the darker third of the grey scale (values around 1200).Conclusion:Age and grey value played a significant role in grey value perception by dental practitioners.