bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of sociodemographic and oncological features with decision on implant‐based versus autologous immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction in Chinese patients
Authors: Yin Zhuming , Wang Yan , Sun Jingyan , Huang Qingfeng , Liu Jing , He Shanshan , Han Chunyong , Wang Shu , Ding Bowen , Yin Jian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesImmediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction (IPBR) has gained wide popularity in China. We sought to clarify the prevalence and predictors of implant‐based vs autologous IPBR among Chinese patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using a prospectively maintained database. Women who underwent IPBR during 2001‐2017 were included. The modality‐specific trends were deciphered by curve fitting analysis. The association of sociodemographic and oncological features with the decision for implant‐based vs autologous IPBR was investigated using multivariate logistic regression and structural equation modeling.ResultsAmong 905 patients included in the study, 479 underwent implant‐based IPBR and 426 underwent autologous procedures. The implant/autologous ratio has increased exponentially over time. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that unmarried patients with BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2, earlier clinical tumor stage, and preoperative pathological diagnosis of noninvasive lesion are more likely to choose implant‐based IPBR compared to autologous procedures. The indirect effects of age, mastectomy type, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were further demonstrated by the structural equations.ConclusionsThe sociodemographic and oncological features are directly or indirectly associated with the decision on type of IPBR. The findings may facilitate both patients and physicians to make a high‐quality decision by holistic evaluation of the sociodemographic and oncological features.
Prognostic implications of a molecular classifier derived from whole‐exome sequencing in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hai‐Yun , Li Fugen , Liu Na , Liu Xiao‐Yun , Yang Xin‐Hua , Guo Yun‐Miao , Bei Jin‐Xin , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Shao Jian‐Yong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to use whole‐exome sequencing to derive a molecular classifier for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate its clinical performance. We performed whole‐exome sequencing on 82 primary NPC tumors from Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (Guangzhou cohort) to obtain somatic single‐nucleotide variants, indels, and copy number variants. A novel molecular classifier was then developed and validated in another NPC cohort (Hong Kong cohort, n = 99). Survival analysis was estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test. Cox proportional hazards model was adopted for univariate and multivariate analyses. We identified three prominent NPC genetic subtypes: RAS/PI3K/AKT (based on RAS, AKT1, and PIK3CA mutations), cell‐cycle (based on CDKN2A/CDKN2B deletions, and CDKN1B and CCND1 amplifications), and unclassified (based on dominant mutations in epigenetic regulators, such as KMT2C/2D, or the Notch signaling pathway, such as NOTCH1/2). These subtypes differed in survival analysis, with good, intermediate, and poor progression‐free survival in the unclassified, cell‐cycle, and RAS/PI3K/AKT subgroups, respectively, among the Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and combined cohorts (n = 82, P = 0.0342; n = 99, P = 0.0372; and n = 181, P = 0.0023; log‐rank test). We have uncovered genetic subtypes of NPC with distinct mutations and/or copy number changes, reflecting discrete paths of NPC tumorigenesis and providing a roadmap for developing new prognostic biomarkers and targeted therapies.
Therapeutic bacteria to combat cancer; current advances, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Sedighi Mansour , Zahedi Bialvaei Abed , Hamblin Michael R. , Ohadi Elnaz , Asadi Arezoo , Halajzadeh Masoumeh , Lohrasbi Vahid , Mohammadzadeh Nima , Amiriani Taghi , Krutova Marcela , Amini Abolfazl , Kouhsari Ebrahim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSuccessful treatment of cancer remains a challenge, due to the unique pathophysiology of solid tumors, and the predictable emergence of resistance. Traditional methods for cancer therapy including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy all have their own limitations. A novel approach is bacteriotherapy, either used alone, or in combination with conventional methods, has shown a positive effect on regression of tumors and inhibition of metastasis. Bacteria‐assisted tumor‐targeted therapy used as therapeutic/gene/drug delivery vehicles has great promise in the treatment of tumors. The use of bacteria only, or in combination with conventional methods was found to be effective in some experimental models of cancer (tumor regression and increased survival rate). In this article, we reviewed the major advantages, challenges, and prospective directions for combinations of bacteria with conventional methods for tumor therapy.
Prognostic role of cyclin D2/D3 in multiple human malignant neoplasms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ding Zuo‐you , Li Ran , Zhang Qi‐jie , Wang Yi , Jiang Yi , Meng Qing‐yang , Xi Qiu‐lei , Wu Guo‐hao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCyclin D2/D3 (CCND2/3) are core components of the machinery that drives cell cycle progression and therefore, are associated with tumorigenesis. Currently, there are contradictory evidences on the function of CCND2/3 in tumorigenesis. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive meta‐analysis to derive a precise predictive value of CCND2/3 in various tumors. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science for eligible studies up to October 8, 2018. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of OS or DFS/PFS/RFS were calculated using Forest plot analysis to demonstrate their associations. A total of 14 studies were ultimately included in this meta‐analysis. Our results indicated CCND2/3 played an oncogenic role in all of the cancer patients (CCND2: pooled HR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.67‐2.93; CCND3: pooled HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.05‐5.03). In tumor subgroup, CCND2 was associated with shorter OS in patients with gastric cancer (HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.66‐2.92), whereas it might be a tumor suppressor in NSCLC (HR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12‐0.64). In addition, CCND3 was correlated to reduced OS in breast cancer patients (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.07‐2.52) and shorter DFS/PFS/RFS in bladder cancer patients (HR = 4.60, 95% CI: 1.89‐12.57). Taken together, CCND2/3 could be the promising biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of patients with malignant neoplasms.
Rieger Syndrome: Rehabilitation With Dental Implants
Authors: Pirih Flavia Q. , Casarin Maísa , Perussolo Jeniffer , Ozaki Mark , Carnio João G. , Camargo Paulo M. , Galvan Maria 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionAxenfeld‐Rieger syndrome (ARS), also known as Rieger syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant condition defined by craniofacial, ocular, dental, periumbilical, and systemic anomalies.Case PresentationThis case report describes in detail a multidisciplinary approach to successfully restore the oral function and esthetics of a 22‐year‐old patient diagnosed with ARS. The patient's clinical evaluation revealed that the area corresponding with teeth #13, #12, #11, #21, #22, and #23 was occupied by four malformed and/or deciduous teeth. The four anterior teeth were extracted, and socket preservation was performed using bovine‐derived porous bone mineral. Six months after extractions, two implants were placed in the location of the lateral incisors and additional bone graft was performed. Two months after the initial healing, a temporary fixed partial was delivered and 9 months after implant placement the implants were restored with a porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal fixed partial denture.ConclusionsThe use of implant‐supported fixed partial dentures to restore missing teeth in patients with ARS provides biological and mechanical advantages over conventional, fixed, or removable prosthodontics. Further evaluation is needed to determine the longevity and long‐term prognosis of dental implants in patients with ARS.
Activation of prolyl hydroxylase‐2 for stabilization of mitochondrial stress along with simultaneous downregulation of HIF‐1α/FASN in ER + breast cancer subtype
Authors: Devi Uma , Singh Manjari , Roy Subhadeep , Gupta Pushpraj S. , Ansari Mohd. Nazam , Saeedan Abdulaziz S. , Kaithwas Gaurav 
Published: April 2019

The present study was undertaken to inquest the chemical activation of prolyl hydroxylase‐2 for the curtailment of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and fatty acid synthase. It was well documented that hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and fatty acid synthase were overexpressed in mammary gland carcinomas. After screening a battery of compounds, BBAP‐2 was retrieved as a potential prolyl hydroxylase‐2 activator and validates its activity using ER + MCF‐7 cell line and n‐methyl‐n‐nitrosourea‐induced rat in vivo model, respectively. BBAP‐2 was palpable for the morphological characteristics of apoptosis along with changes in the mitochondrial intergrity as visualized by acridine orange/ethidium bromide and JC‐1 staining against ER + MCF‐7 cells. BBAP‐2 also arrest the cell cycle of ER + MCF‐7 cells at G2/M phase. Afterward, BBAP‐2 has scrutinized against n‐methyl‐n‐nitrosourea‐induced mammary gland carcinoma in albino Wistar rats. BBAP‐2 restored the morphological architecture when screened through carmine staining, haematoxylin and eosin staining, and scanning electron microscopy. BBAP‐2 also delineated the markers of oxidative stress favourably. The immunoblotting and mRNA expression analysis validated that BBAP‐2 has a potentialty activate the prolyl hydroxylase‐2 with sequential downregulating effect on hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and its downstream checkpoint. BBAP‐2 also fostered apoptosis through mitochondrial‐mediated death pathway. The present study elaborates the chemical activation of prolyl hydroxylase‐2 by which the increased expression of HIF‐1α and FASN can be reduced in mammary gland carcinoma.
Mannopyranoside Glycolipids Inhibit Mycobacterial and Biofilm Growth and Potentiate Isoniazid Inhibition Activities in M. smegmatis
Authors: Mahapa Avisek , Samanta Gopal Ch , Maiti Krishnagopal , Chatterji Dipankar , Jayaraman Narayanaswamy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLipomannan and lipoarabinomannan are integral components of the mycobacterial cell wall. Earlier studies demonstrated that synthetic arabinan and arabinomannan glycolipids acted as inhibitors of mycobacterial growth, in addition to exhibiting inhibitory activities of mycobacterial biofilm. Herein, it is demonstrated that synthetic mannan glycolipids are better inhibitors of mycobacterial growth, whereas lipoarabinomannan has a higher inhibition efficiency to biofilm. Syntheses of mannan glycolipids with a graded number of mannan moieties and an arabinomannan glycolipid are conducted by chemical methods and subsequent mycobacterial growth and biofilm inhibition studies are conducted on Mycobacterium smegmatis. Growth inhibition of (73±3) % is observed with a mannose trisaccharide containing a glycolipid, whereas this glycolipid did not promote biofilm inhibition activity better than that of arabinomannan glycolipid. The antibiotic supplementation activities of glycolipids on growth and biofilm inhibitions are evaluated. Increases in growth and biofilm inhibitions are observed if the antibiotic is supplemented with glycolipids, which leads to a significant reduction of inhibition concentrations of the antibiotic.
Fluorescent Probes for Studying Thioamide Positional Effects on Proteolysis Reveal Insight into Resistance to Cysteine Proteases
Authors: Liu Chunxiao , Barrett Taylor M. , Chen Xing , Ferrie John J. , Petersson E. James 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThioamide substitutions of the peptide backbone have been shown to reduce proteolytic degradation, and this property can be used to generate competitive protease inhibitors and to stabilize peptides toward degradation in vivo. Here, we present a straightforward sensor design that allows a systematic study of the positional effects of thioamide substitution by using real‐time fluorescence. Thioamide scanning in peptide substrates of five papain family cysteine proteases demonstrates that a thioamide at or near the scissile bond can slow proteolysis in all cases, but that the magnitude of the effects varies with position and protease in spite of high sequence homology. Mechanistic investigation of papain proteolysis reveals that the thioamide effects derive from reductions in both affinity (KM) and turnover number (kcat). Computational modeling allows these effects to be understood based on disruption of key enzyme–substrate hydrogen bonds, providing a model for future rational use of thioamides to confer cysteine protease resistance.
Exploring the Minimal RNA Substrate of Flexizymes
Authors: Fujino Tomoshige , Kondo Taishi , Suga Hiroaki , Murakami Hiroshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFlexizymes are tRNA acylation ribozymes that have been successfully used to facilitate genetic code reprogramming. They are capable of charging acid substrates onto various tRNAs and tRNA analogues. However, their minimal RNA substrate has not been investigated. Here we have designed fluorescently labeled short RNAs corresponding to the four, three, and two bases (4bRNA, 3bRNA, 2bRNA) at the tRNA 3′‐end and explored the minimal RNA substrate of flexizymes, dFx and eFx. 3bRNA was the observed minimal RNA substrate of the flexizymes, but the efficiency of acylation of this short RNA was two to three times lower than that of 4bRNA. The efficiency of acylation of 4bRNA was comparable with that of the microhelix, a 22‐base RNA conventionally used as a tRNA analogue for analyzing acylation efficiency. We also compared the efficiencies of acylation of the microhelix and 4bRNA with various acid substrates. Thanks to the short length of 4bRNA, its acyl‐4bRNA products exhibited larger mobility shifts in gel electrophoresis than those exhibited by acyl‐microhelix products with every substrate tested. This indicated that 4bRNA was an ideal RNA substrate for analyzing the efficiency of acylation by flexizymes.
Hey, American College of Cardiology interventionalists: What are you thinking?
Authors: Butman Samuel M. 
Published: April 2019

Key Points

There is large variation in the utilization of the appropriate Use‐Criteria (AUC).
There has been a significant decrease in the number of Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) cases deemed rarely appropriate.
The value of the AUC remains a questionable tool for many clinicians.
A match not made in heaven—TAVR prosthesis‐patient mismatch with contemporary valves
Authors: Safi Lucy M. , Turi Zoltan G. 
Published: April 2019

Key Points

Prosthesis‐patient mismatch (PPM) in TAVR is relatively common
Valve oversizing can potentially prevent both paravalvular leak and PPM
PPM may be avoidable if the expected Effective Orifice Area/Body Surface Area ratio is considered in decision making pre‐TAVR.
A hot lead on reducing infarct size
Authors: Blankenship James C. 
Published: April 2019

Key Points

The intracoronary hyperoxemic oxygen therapy study, designed to demonstrate the safety of supersaturated oxygen (SSO2) infused into the left main coronary after percutaneous coronary intervention for anterior ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), demonstrated a net adverse clinical event rate of 7.1%, lower than the Food and Drug Administration‐set goal of 10.7%.
SSO2, which has reduced infarct size in clinical STEMI trials, might become an important strategy for treating anterior STEMIs.
Larger postmarketing trials are needed to determine whether decreases in infarct size are observed in real‐world populations, whether they translate into improved clinical outcomes, and whether modifications in technique can streamline the administration of SSO2 therapy.
Left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure in acute myocardial infarction: A loaded target in need of unloading
Authors: Kapur Navin K. , O'Neill William W. 
Published: April 2019

Key Points

Left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic pressure predicts short‐ and long‐term mortality and correlates with infarct size after ST‐segment elevation acute myocardial infarction.
Ventricular load refers to any variable that increases myocardial oxygen consumption including LV pressure, volume, or heart rate.
Clinical studies of ventricular “unloading” as a therapeutic approach for acute myocardial infarction with and without cardiogenic shock are ongoing.
Advances in the treatment of coronary perforations
Authors: Xenogiannis Iosif , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: April 2019

Key Points

Coronary artery perforation is an infrequent, but potentially life‐threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention. There are four types of coronary perforation: (a) large vessel; (b) distal vessel; (c) septal collateral; and (d) epicardial collateral perforation.
Implantation of a covered stent is the cornerstone of large vessel perforation treatment and can be used in some distal vessel perforations, when embolization is not feasible. Until now the only available covered stent in the US was the Graftmaster stent (two bare metal stents with a PTFE membrane in‐between them), that has high profile and is challenging to deliver and expand. Use of the Graftmaster has been associated with high rates of in‐stent restenosis and stent thrombosis.
Availability of more deliverable covered stents, such as the BeGraft (Bentley InnoMed GmbH, Hechingen, Germany) and PK Papyrus (BIotronik, Lake Oswego, Oregon, that recently received FDA approval) will greatly facilitate treatment of large vessel coronary perforations.
Clinical utility of surveillance and clinically prompted right heart catheterization in patients listed for heart transplantation
Authors: Ahluwalia Monica , Jessup Mariell , Forde Kimberly A. , Sehgal Sankalp , Katz Stuart T. , Quiaoit Ylenia Ann A. , Hornsby Nicole , Owens Anjali T. , McLean Rhondalyn C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe 2016 ISHLT guidelines recommend that patients listed for orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) undergo periodic surveillance right heart catheterization (RHC) to re‐assess hemodynamics (Class I, level of evidence C). However, the impact of RHC on management remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of both surveillance and clinically prompted RHCs in patients listed for OHT.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in adult patients listed for OHT at our hospital from 2006 through 2014. Each patient included had at least one RHC after being listed for OHT. The primary outcome was management change: hospitalization, surgery (OHT or mechanical circulatory support [MCS]), change in United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) status, or initiation/modification of vasoactive drugs, diuretics or neurohormonal blockade.ResultsOf the 194 patients included, 85 (43%) patients had more than one RHC. The median time between listing and transplantation was 115 days. Of the 376 RHCs performed, 187 (50%) were prompted by a clinical change; 189 (50%) were performed for surveillance. In 90.4% of clinically prompted RHCs and 42.9% of surveillance RHCs, a clinically important management change was implemented. Initiation/modification of vasoactive drugs, placement of MCS and/or change in UNOS transplant status occurred in 61 (33%) of the clinically prompted RHCs and 26 (14%) of the surveillance RHCs. Patients who underwent management change were more likely to receive a heart transplant (HR 1.58; CI 1.15–2.18) without an increased rate of death over the study period compared to those who did not have a management change. Multivariable analysis revealed that a hemoglobin level <12.2 g/dL (OR 2.96; CI 1.36–6.42) and a total bilirubin level >0.9 mg/dL (OR 5.07; CI 2.09–12.3) were predictors of management change.ConclusionsIn patients awaiting OHT, RHCs prompted by clinical instability or routine surveillance resulted in frequent management changes, including earlier heart transplant and MCS implant. Our study supports the Class I recommendation to perform surveillance RHC in patients listed for OHT and suggests that centers should consider maintaining a low threshold for repeat RHC during the formal waiting time.
Dose‐dependent elevation in amylase and lipase in response to teduglutide administration
Authors: Lee Joshua , Kim Myoung , Kim Dong Wook 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageTeduglutide has been used for patients with short bowel syndrome. Teduglutide can be a dose‐dependent triggering factor to increased amylase and lipase. Serum amylase and lipase levels should be monitored routinely for patients on teduglutide, and they should be screened before the initiation of treatment.
Effectiveness of lenalidomide in relapsed primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, leg type
Authors: Al Dhafiri Mahdi , Sicre de Fontbrune Flore , Marinho Eduardo , Deschamps Lydia , Di‐Lucca Julie , Crickx Beatrice , Descamps Vincent 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageThe primary cutaneous diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL‐LT) has a poor prognosis. R‐CHOP with or without radiotherapy is the available recommendations for first‐line treatment. Relapses/refractory cases are frequent with no standardized therapeutic guidelines. Lenalidomide seems to be an excellent therapeutic option as a second‐line treatment of relapsed PCDLBCL‐LT.
Microstructure Evolution of a Co/MnO Catalyst for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis Revealed by In Situ XAFS Studies
Authors: Sun Fanfei , Sun Xueping , Jin Yixing , Yang Ruoou , Zhang Hao , Liu Yang , Song Fei , Li Xiaopeng , Wu Dongshuang , Zhao Tiejun , Jiang Zheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCo−Mn catalysts have long been considered as a promising catalyst for Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS). However, the promotional role of Mn and its interaction with Co remain unclear and controversial. In situ characterization of the structural change of FTS catalysts is a powerful way to reveal the reaction mechanisms. Nevertheless, there are significant difficulties because of the harsh reaction conditions. Here, the microstructure evolution of Co/MnO catalysts during FTS is monitored by in situ X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy under real FTS atmosphere up to 6 bar for the first time. Combined with in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and H2 chemisorption characterizations, we reveal that the metallic Co liberated from Mn1−xCoxO during FTS leads to activity enhancement. The presence of Mn improves the Co dispersion. However, an initial association of Mn with the Co phase hampers the cobalt reducibility. We also find that increasing the reaction pressure enhances the oxygen dissociation on the Mn surface, which leads to an increased number of exposed Co sites and consequent FTS activity improvement.
Phosphate Doped Ultrathin FeP Nanosheets as Efficient Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Acid Media
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ji Jing , Yang Qifeng , Zhao Liang , Yuan Quan , Hao Yajuan , Jin Peng , Feng Lai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUltrathin nanosheets of non‐layered materials have attracted intensive interests due to their abundantly accessible active sites. Herein, we demonstrate that the ultrathin FeP nanosheets (FeP‐I NS) with abundant mesoporosity and phosphate dopants can be facilely synthesized using ultrathin γ‐Fe2O3 NS as precursors. The as‐prepared catalyst displays good HER catalytic activity with an low overpotential (η) of 95/160 mV at the current densities of 10/100 mA cm−2 and small Tafel slope of 41 mV dec−1 as well as good stability during a period of 24 h in acid media. Additional experimental results reveal that the unique structural features of FeP‐I NS (i. e., ultrathin morphology, abundant mesoporosity, local structural distortion and amorphous domains) are key factors for achieving good HER activity. The computational studies demonstrate that the phosphate dopants (i. e., Fe2P2O7) contribute to the superior catalytic performance of FeP by reducing the Gibbs free energy of intermediate H* adsorption (ΔGH*) to the catalyst surface as well as by tailoring the electronic properties of the catalyst.