bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of Distance Pacing of Lithuanian Rowers at the European Championship 2012
Authors: Šližauskienė Laimutė , Šulnienė Rasa 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. In rowing, not enough attention is paid to the peculiarities of distance pacing and race tactics. At the same time the annually increasing boat speeds and closeness among the results of the world and the European championship winners, the race tactics can be of decisive importance. Although many scientific articles on Lithuanian rowing have already been published, there are not enough scientific studies on the peculiarities of distance pacing of Lithuanian rowers.Research aim was to determine the peculiarities of distance pacing of Lithuanian rowers at the European championship 2012.Research methods. The following study methods were used: literature review and competition records analysis. In accordance with the technical records of the European championship 2012 (http://www.worldrowing.com/results/), the average speed in the distance and speed changes in different sections of 84 crews were analysed. The peculiarities of distance pacing and tactics variants of the Lithuanian men single scull, double scull and women single scull and the best European rowers were compared.Research results. Lithuanian rowers were the fastest in the first 500 m section of the distance and applied 1–3 and 1–4 tactical variants. The speed changes at the European championship 2012 were 1.70–2.69%. At the European championship 2012, the crews who took 4–6 th places were more likely to exceed their average distance speed in the first section of the distance than the crews who took places 1–3 (p < 0.05).Discussion and conclusions. Speed changes in the distance of Lithuanian men single scull and double scull rowers were one of the lowest and the average pace was the highest compared to the records of other finalists. The speed changes in distance of women single scull rowers were among the highest while the average pace was the lowest compared to the records of other Final A participants. Although Lithuanian women single scull rowers had high speed changes in the distance and their rowing pace was low, high average speed in the whole distance allowed them winning at the European championship.Keywords: boat speed, tactics, number of strokes.
The Time Course of Oxygen Uptake, Aerobic Capacity and Emg during Two Months of Moderate Interval Endurance Training (A Case Study)
Authors: Raubaitė Sandra , Baranauskienė Neringa , Stasiulis Arvydas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. The low-moderate-intensity continuous endurance training improved body composition, aerobic capacity and overall health-related parameters in healthy persons. However, we could not find publications about the effect of moderate interval aerobic endurance training (IET) on body composition, 2 OV& kinetics, aerobic capacity and EMG parameters. Research aim. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of interval endurance training (IET) on oxygen uptake kinetics, aerobic capacity, body composition and EMG parameters. Research methods. A 26-year-old, sedentary obese female (stature – 1.80 m; weight – 99.2 kg; VO 2 max – 37.2 ml/kg -1 /min -1 ) was involved in two-month moderate interval endurance training (IET). The subject performed three training sessions a week separated by one or two days of rest. The initial intensity of training was 90% of the first ventilation threshold (VT1). The VT1 and second ventilation threshold (VT2) ware estimated after completion of incremental running test until exhaustion on a LE 200 CE treadmill (VIASYS, Germany). Research results. We determined that after two months IET subject’ body mass decreased by 10%, the training had an effect on aerobic capacity parameters as well. The running speed at VT1 and VT2 increased by 8.1% and 10.2% respectively after the two-month IET programme. The heart rate (165.9 beats/min -1 ) and oxygen uptake (2.583 l/min -1 ) significantly decreased respectively (150.4 beats/min -1 ) (2.285 l/min -1 ) after IET period compared with pre-training testing. To indicate the total muscle activity we measured integrated EMG (iEMG) and root mean square (RMS). We also determined changes on EMG parameters after four, six and eight weeks IET.Discussion and conclusions. Two-month moderate interval endurance training has significant effect on aerobic capacity, anthropometrics, EMG parameters and VO 2 kinetics.Keywords: ventilatory thresholds, maximal oxygen uptake, EMG root mean square.
Relationship between Adolescent Athletes’ Values and Behavior in Sport and Perceived Coach’s Character Development Competency
Authors: Stupuris Tomas , Šukys Saulius , Tilindienė Ilona 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. This study examined the relations between reported youth athletes’ prosocial and antisocial behavior and personal and social factors in sport context and whether these variables accounted for age and sports experience differences in reported behaviors values in sport and perceptions of coach’s character development competency. The aim of the research was to determine age and sports experience differences in manifestation of youth athletes’ values in sport, perceived coach’s character development competency and behaviors that occur in sport, and to examine interrelations between these variables. Research methods. The sample included 201 athletes recruited from Kaunas and Alytus sports schools. The participants completed the Youth Sport Value Questionnaire-2 (YSVQ-2 - Lee et al., 2008), the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Sport Scale (PABSS – Kavussanu, Boardley, 2009), and adapted version of the Coaching Efficacy Scale (CES– Feltz et al., 1999).Research results. The positive correlation between values in sport, perceived coach’s character development competency and prosocial behavior of athletes were established. These values also had negative correlations with antisocial behavior whereas status values correlated negatively with prosocial behavior. Coach’s character development competency was perceived stronger by younger athletes (p < 0.05). Competence values were more important to these athletes compared to older ones (p < 0.05). Discussion and conclusions. Research revealed the importance of moral and competence values for adolescent athlete’s moral behavior in sport. Perceived character-development effectiveness positively correlated with athletes’ prosocial behavior; however, it was unrelated to antisocial behavior. Thus, perceiving the coach as being effective in instilling an attitude of good moral character may lead to an increased frequency of desirable behaviors but does not appear to have any effect on antisocial conduct. It was found that athletes’ prosocial acts were more frequent than antisocial ones, however, more experienced athletes displayed more frequent antisocial behavior to the teammates. These findings are consistent with the previous presumption that low frequency of engagement in antisocial behaviors does not necessarily mean that one frequently engages in prosocial action, or vice versa.Keywords: sport, athletes’ moral behavior, values in sport, perceptions, coaching effectiveness.
The Attitude towards Olympism Values of Pupils in Schools Implementing and Not Implementing Integrated Olympic Education
Authors: Šukys Saulius , Majauskienė Daiva 
Published: May 2019

Research backround and hypothesis. The research focuses on school pupils’ attitudes towards Olympism values and Olympic education. We hypothesised that in schools implementing integrated Olympic education programme, pupils more associated human values with Olympism than pupils in schools where this education programme was not implemented.Research aim was to ascertain the attitude towards Olympism values of pupils in schools implementing and not implementing integrated Olympic education.Research methods. The sample included 2335 (1095 males and 1240 females) young adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 years. Pupils’ attitudes towards Olympism values were determined using the Olympic Questionnaire (Telama et al., 2002).Research results. Research results revealed statistically significant differences towards human values of Olympism (p < 0.001) and social virtues of Olympism (p < 0.001) of pupils depending on applied Olympic education programme in schools.Discussion and conclusions. Our study revealed that pupils at schools implementing Integrated Olympic Education Programme more often emphasized the importance of human and social values of Olympism compared to pupils from schools not implementing this programme. The similar differences were found when assessing the results separately for girls. Research results did not reveal differences among 13–14-year-old pupils. However, the differences were established comparing the data of older pupils. Older pupils in schools with integrated Olympic education programme more emphasized the social virtues of Olympism and the human values of Olympism.Keywords: Olympism, attitudes towards values, Olympic education.
Early Isometric Eversion and Inversion Changes after Acute Ankle Sprains
Authors: Tankevičius Gediminas , Lankaitė Donata , Kriščiūnas Aleksandras , Skurvydas Albertas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Most of the methods used to monitor ankle condition after acute ankle sprains do not provide knowledge about the functional state of the ankle, which is mostly dependent on muscles and proprioception. For this purpose we used isometric testing.Research aim: to detect early isometric eversion and inversion peak torque changes after acute ankle sprains, and to compare them to the usual methods.Research methods. The subjects were 80 athletes with acute grade II ankle sprain. All subjects were randomized into Isometric Testing Group (40 subjects), and Control Group (40 subjects). Both groups underwent the same rehabilitation programme. We measured isometric peak torque and peak torque differences between the healthy and injured legs in eversion and inversion movements of the ankle. The outcome measures were pain on activity, swelling, Lower Extremity Functional Scale score, isometric eversion and inversion strength, Square hop test, and Figure of Eight hop test. Research results. There were no significant differences between parameters measured in both groups. Statistical analysis indicated significantly lower eversion and inversion strength of the injured limb, significant eversion and inversion deficit changes during the whole study. Pain on activity, and swelling changes were significant only on the first two weeks. Lower Extremity Functional Scale score changes were significant all three weeks. Eversion and inversion deficit correlated with Lower Extremity Functional Scale score. Conclusion. Isometric testing detects early eversion and inversion changes and helps monitoring rehabilitation after acute lateral ankle sprains.Keywords: peak torque, rehabilitation, monitoring.
Intentions of Patients with Diabetes to Participate in Regular Physical Activity: Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Miežienė Brigita , Šinkariova Liuda , Jankauskienė Rasa 
Published: May 2019

Background. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive power of affective and cognitive attitudes, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and past behaviour for intentions to be physically active in a sample of patients with diabetes.Methods. The study included 114 patients with diabetes, 31.2% were men, 62.3% had Type 1 diabetes. Mean age of participants was 44.08 ± 19.31 years. Past physical activity behaviour was measured using physical activity scale from Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) (Cronbach alpha .62) (Toobert, Hamsted, & Glasgow, 2000). Variables within Theory of planet behaviour (intentions, affective and cognitive attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control) were developed based on the recommendations made by Ajzen (2006). All Theory of planet behaviour questions were scored using a 7-point Likert scale. Cronbach alphas varied from .61 to .96.Results. Perceived behavioural control and subjective norm were significant predictors of intentions (p < .05). Emotional and cognitive attitudes as well as past physical activity were not related to intentions to exercise (p > .05).Conclusions. Enhancing self-efficacy and ability to control the disease as well as strengthening positive relationships of patients with members of the team involved in the treatment, whose attitudes are regarded, should be considered developing interventions aimed at increasing the motivation of patients with diabetes to regularly practice physical activities.Keywords: health behaviour, motivation, theory.
Skausmas sporte: skausmo suvokimo ir jo įveikos strategijų ryšys
Authors: Vaisetaitė Lina , Sargautytė Rūta 
Published: May 2019

Tyrimo tikslas — išsiaiškinti, kaip sportininkai suvokia skausmą bei kokie skausmo suvokimo ir skausmo įveikos strategijų naudojimo dažnumo ryšiai. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas raumenų, gyjančios traumos ir įsisenėjusio skausmo suvokimas bei įveika.Buvo apklausta 50 sportininkų (lengvaatlečių, irkluotojų, dviratininkų ir plaukikų). Jie pildė anketas, sudarytas pa-gal vizualaus atitikmens skales (Huskisson, 1974), semantinio diferencialo metodikos (Suslavičius, 1988) ir PMS-I (Kleinert, 2002) klausimyną. Rezultatai parodė, kad raumenų skausmo intensyvumas vertinamas vidutiniškai 42,64 balo, gyjančios traumos — 60,51 balo, o įsisenėjęs — 57,81 balo. Raumenų skausmas įvertintas kaip silpnesnis nei gyjančios traumos ar įsisenėjęs (abiem atvejais p < 0,01). Pagal semantinio diferencialo skales skausmas nepriklausomai nuo jo tipo suvokiamas kaip blogas, bjaurus, stiprus, sunkus, ūmus, įtempiantis, silpnėjantis ir varginantis. Raumenų skausmas suvokiamas kaip naudingas, o gyjančios traumos ir įsisenėjęs — kaip žalingas. Taip pat buvo nustatyti skausmo intensyvumo įverčių, skausmo suvokimo pagal semantinio diferencialo skales ir skausmo įveikos strategijų naudojimo dažnumo ryšiai, ir jie priklausė nuo skausmo tipo bei įveikos strategijų.Raktažodžiai: skausmo suvokimas, skausmo įveikos strategijos, raumenų skausmas, traumos skausmas, įsisenėjęs skausmas.
The Effect of Horseback Riding on Symmetry of Mechanical Properties of Muscles of Beginner and Advanced Riders with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Straubergaitė Laura , Juodžbalienė Vilma 
Published: May 2019

Research background. Since muscle activity of children with cerebral palsy is often unbalanced and this might be caused by passive mechanical properties of the muscle, it would be benefcial to analyze the properties using instrumental methods in order to evaluate the change which is induced by practicing horseback riding. Nevertheless, little literature was found on children with cerebral palsy muscle passive mechanical properties and its change while horseback The aim of the research was to evaluate and compare symmetry of mechanical properties of muscles of beginner and advanced riders with cerebral palsy while Methods. The mechanical properties of the muscles’ (m. gluteus medius, m. erector spinae lumbar part) were evaluated using MYOTON-3 Results. A great difference between both body side muscle’s (Gluteus medius and Erector spinae) tone asymmetry (> 10%) while standing increased. It can be explained by the fact that during the frst horseback riding exercises (which is similar to learning a new locomotor activity) a greater tension (muscle tone) is observed. Results on logarithmic gluteus medius and erector spinae muscles decrement asymmetry received after the fnal horseback riding exercise revealed that ten sessions of horseback riding is not inﬂuential enough to affect the elasticity of the mentioned muscle. The greater decrement shows depletion of mechanical energy of muscle structure. A great difference between both body sides muscle stiffness asymmetry after the tenth horseback riding exercise revealed that three-dimensional movements initiated by the horse are not inﬂuential enough in decreasing the gluteus medius and ererctor spinae muscles stiffness asymmetry for advanced and beginner horsemen. In the meantime the asymmetry of lumbar erector spinae muscle had increased for both beginners and advanced Conclusion. Ten sessions of horseback riding had not enough inﬂuence on decreasing asymmetry of gluteus medius and erector spinae muscles passive mechanical properties for both beginners and advanced riders.Keywords: horseback riding, cerebral palsy, passive mechanical properties,symmetry.
The Prevalence of Skeletotopy Variation of the Atlas and Vertebral Arteries Among Lithuanians and Its Significance for Physical Medicine Procedures and Rehabilitation
Authors: Stropus Rimvydas , Naujokaitė Ernesta , Sakalauskaitė Ieva 
Published: May 2019

Research background. Vertebral artery relation with atlas anatomical variations can lead to sensomotor disorders of head and neck, and vertebrobasilar insuffciency. Kimmerle’s anomaly, a bony ring around vertebral artery, is also known as a risk factor for physical medicine procedures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst study of Ponticulus posticus prevalence in Lithuania. Aim. The research aim was to investigate the prevalence of skeletotopy variations of the posterior arch and vertebral artery among Lithuanian orthodontic patients of various ages and both genders. Research methods. We randomly selected 870 digital lateral cephalograms of Lithuanian orthodontic patients of various ages and both genders. 706 images with good visualization of VA bony socket shadow on the superior surface of the atlas posterior arch were chosen for the investigation. According to the degree of depth of the bony socket we categorized them into three variations: sulcus, groove and bony ring. If contours around VA of bony arch were equal or greater than 180°, we included those cases into the group of bony groove. Research results. We estimated predominance of sulcus (67.6%) of bony socket variations. A bony groove of various depths was found in 24.0% and a bony ring was found in 7.5% of the subjects studied. Vertebral artery groove was found to be more prevalent in females than in males and bony ring was more common in males than in females, but there was no signifcant difference (p > 0.05). Statistically signifcant predominace of bony ring in the age group of 17–20 years (13.2%) was observed and it was higher than in the age group of 8–16 years (5.1%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions. 1. Variations of bony socket including sulcus, groove, and bony ring (Kimmerle’s anomaly) develop in adolescence when ossifcation is most active. 2. The bony ring and semi open groove, which limit mobility of distal part of the vertebral artery, can be a risk factor of physical medicine procedures, especially in the elderly, whose artery walls are less elastic.Keywords: Ponticulus posticus, Kimmerle’s anomaly, atlas, vertebral artery, manual therapy of neck.
Perspectives in the Application of Immunocorrector – transfer factor ™ in Immunoprophylaxis Programmes and Immunorehabilitation
Authors: Chizhov Alexey Ya. , Kirkutis Algimantas , Andruškienė Jurgita 
Published: May 2019

Background. Human health is largely determined by the body’s resistance to various damaging factors and, in particular, the functional state of its immune system. The use of unique, new generation immunomodulators in prevention of diseases is promising. Goal of the research was to defne the perspectives in the application of immunocorrector Transfer factorTM in immunoprophylaxis programmes and immunorehabilitation analysing and summarizing scientifc articles. Methods. Systemic literature overview was performed, including 77 scientifc articles and conference proceedings in English, published in the period from 1949 to 2016. The main inclusion criterion was clinical trial or literature review, analysing the effect of immunocorrector on human health in cases of different disorders. Results. Transfer factors are molecules that communicate antigenic immunological information intracellularly from a donor to a recipient. Mammalian Transfer factors, including those of humans are small molecules between 3,500 and 10,000 Daltons. Transfer factor’s functions of cell-mediated immunity and non-specifc immunological activity differ from the functions of antibodies. Transfer factors are divided into three fractions: the inductors that provide rapid immune response and general readiness of the immune system; suppressors, which regulate the intensity of the immune response, preventing allergic and autoimmune reactions; antigen specifc Transfer factors with a set of certain antigens, allowing quick adjusting of the immune system to recognize many bacterial and viruses. Conclusions. Transfer factors have no side effects and are considered as highly effective in treatment of infectious, parasitic, oncological, dermatological, venereal and somatic diseases, so are highly recommended for preventive purposes and decreasing of aging.]Keywords: transfer factor, immunoprophylaxis, immunorehabilitation.
Material de ensino e traumas coletivos: uma análise sobre o holocausto
Authors: Schurster Karl , Leite Alana De Moraes 
Published: May 2019

Recebido: 11/09/2018Aprovado: 15/12/2018Publicado: 10/12/2018O texto tem como objetivo central construir uma análise acerca do ensino do holocausto por meio dos materiais didáticos do Yad Vashem – museu israelense responsável pela “memória oficial” do holocausto. A partir de um estudo dos atos de violência e manifestação do ódio, de natureza variada, no cenário nacional e internacional, buscaremos abordar a crescente temática do ensino de história e da própria historiografia acerca dos traumas coletivos, em seguida, contextualizaremos o nosso objeto no Brasil, apresentando para isto os museus, as organizações educacionais e as leis que versam sobre a temática do ensino de história do holocausto e vêm sendo propostas em âmbitos municipais. Por fim, discutiremos a filosofia educativa do Yad Vashem por meio do material de ensino En El Escondite: Niños en Francia durante el Holocausto, do caderno docente e propostas de atividades. Palavras-chave: Ensino de história, materiais didáticos, traumas coletivos, holocausto.
SAĞLIK ALANINDA KULLANILAN AKILLI POLİMERLER
Authors: TÜYLEK Zülfü 
Published: May 2019

Polimerler, tekrar eden birimler olarak adlandırılan bir dizi monomer oluşturan uzun zincirli moleküllerdir. Polimerler monomerlerin kimyasal reaksiyonu ile elde edilir. Polimerler doğal (organik) veya sentetik olabilir. Sentetik polimerler ondokuzuncu yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren incelenmeye başlandı. Bugün, polimer endüstrisi hızla gelişmektedir. Bu gelişmelerin sayesinde akıllı polimerler elde edilmiştir. Akıllı materyaller, çevresel faktörlere duyarlı veya sahip oldukları konumu hisseden ve bunlardaki bir değişimle belirlenen yön doğrultusunda fonksiyonunu değiştiren materyallerdir. Akıllı materyallerin en önemli türlerinden biri şekil hafızalı materyallerdir. Şekil hafızalı materyaller; şekil hafızalı alaşımlar, şekil hafızalı seramikler, şekil hafızalı polimerler, şekil hafızalı jeller ve şekil hafızalı hibrid materyaller olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Şekil hafıza etkisi, materyalin sıcaklık, nem, pH, elektrik akımı, manyetik alan, ışık gibi bir uyarana tepki olarak şekil değiştirme (deforme olma) kabiliyetidir. Bu çalışmada; sağlık alanında kullanılan akıllı materyaller hakkında bilgi verilmektedir. Ekolojik ortamda bulunan doğal akıllı materyaller incelenmektedir. Laboratuar ortamlarda elde edilen akıllı polimerlerin üzerinde durulmaktadır. Sağlık alanında kullanılan akıllı polimer materyallerin kullanımındaki son gelişmeler üzerinde durulmuştur.