bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the language of entrepreneurship
Authors: Roundy Philip T. , Asllani Arben 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Entrepreneurship is an activity with far-reaching economic and cultural implications. Research seeking to understand the cognition and behavior of entrepreneurs is devoting increasing attention to how entrepreneurs construct and utilize discourse. However, word-level analysis of the specific language used by entrepreneurs has not received significant attention. The purpose of this paper is to identify the words that comprise entrepreneurship discourse and describe how word-usage has changed over time.

Design/methodology/approach
To examine the language of entrepreneurship, the authors use modified MapReduce algorithms in conjunction with text mining techniques to construct a longitudinal corpus of approximately 2.5m words. The authors identify the most frequently used words in the entrepreneurship lexicon and then use content analysis to chart the evolution of word-use.

Findings
The findings reveal that entrepreneurs’ lexicon is complex and fluid. The most commonly used words suggest new trends in entrepreneurship.

Originality/value
The findings and methodological procedures contribute to research on entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurial process and, specifically, to work on entrepreneurial discourse, language-use and new venture communication. The findings also have implications for entrepreneurs and policymakers.
The impact of religiosity on self-employment
Authors: Wijaya Ibrahim Fatwa 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the relationship between religiosity based on the area with the number of self-employment in an area, i.e. city of Surakarta, Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach
The researcher conducted a survey in 67 mosques in Surakarta, Indonesia, to capture religiosity level based on the area. Spearman correlation approach has been selected to investigate the relationship between religiosity and self-employment.

Findings
This study found that despite the female population being greater than male population in every district in Surakarta, on average, the number of female prayers were significantly less than male prayers either in Fajr or Maghrib prayer. In fact, the average number of Fajr prayers almost 50 per cent less than the average number of Maghrib prayers. Finally, the researcher found that the number of employees who work in the home industry is higher in the area that has a smaller gap on the number of Fajr and Maghrib prayers. Thus, the researcher might conclude that religiosity is positively associated with self-employment.

Originality/value
To best of researcher’s knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between religiosity level based on the area and self-employment. In addition, this study proposes a new methodology to measure Muslim’s religiosity. All in all, this study tries to untangle the conflicting evidence on the impact of religiosity on the self-employment.
Students’ perceptions of the impacts of short-term international courses
Authors: Sakurai Yusuke 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine what impacts university students perceived from their short-term intensive international courses as part of undergraduate multidisciplinary education.

Design/methodology/approach
The study design was informed by interpretative phenomenological analysis. Semi-structured interviews explored informants’ views of their experience to elicit key themes of their experience.

Findings
The analysis resulted in four major themes: personal development, generic skills, global perspectives and subject-specific matter. Some text segments were coded with multiple themes, which suggests that the impacts of short-term international courses are multifaceted.

Research limitations/implications
Academic topics of the courses substantially centred around humanities and social sciences at a particular university. This paper furthermore primarily depended on students’ self-reported answers, and it is possible that the participants who chose to enrol in the elective international courses may be principally willing to acquire global competence. Therefore, this study did not set out to present the generalised impacts of any short-term international courses.

Practical implications
The findings could be used as a conceptual tool for the design and evaluation of new and existing courses. In addition, the four major themes that this study elicited are useful as a cue for students’ self-reflection about their own learning experiences.

Originality/value
There have been significant efforts devoted to increasing the quantity of short-term international programs, but there has been less focus on the quality of these programs. This study supports the findings of existing literature but also identified one of the potential unfavourable impacts that short-term international courses may have on students’ development.
Backcasting as a strategic management tool for meeting VUCA challenges
Authors: Thorén Kent , Vendel Martin 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Backcasting helps managers involve and align the organization throughout a strategy process. Its core idea is creating a logical path from a depicted future back to the present, to share, analyze and manage strategic challenges. Still its use in strategic management is under-researched. The purpose of this paper is to verify the relevance and validity of backcasting as a strategic management tool. It also analyzes and structures knowledge about backcasting and its practical application in strategic management.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper employs desktop research method to outline the benefits and limitations of backcasting for strategy formation under VUCA conditions.

Findings
Backcasting can help organizations overcome cognitive barriers and broaden the scope of options when analyzing future positions. The research provides insights regarding the potential and limitations of backcasting when addressing uncertainty and its drivers. For instance, it helps managers to assess and align visions; increase the understanding and clarity regarding complex dependencies; as well as improve strategic agility.

Practical implications
Backcasting is exceptionally useful for investigating possible futures and alternative paths to it. Backcasting is an interactive workshop-based method that challenges prevailing mindsets by assuming we are in the future, looking back towards today to find a feasible path when major transitions are necessary. With it, managers can deal with even the most uncertain decisions in a structured manner.

Originality/value
Backcasting for many reasons has a great potential as a tool for strategy development. It has been successfully applied in other fields but only to a limited extent in business. This paper formally examines its applicability in this context and demonstrates its relevance for dealing with VUCA challenges.
Internet of Things applications in public safety management: a survey
Authors: Ma Ying , Wu Chen , Ping Kang , Chen Hong , Jiang Changbin 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Public safety issues are highly concerned by the state and public. As an emerging network technology and industrial mode, Internet of Things (IoT) has great application prospect because of its architecture advantages and technical features, and has drawn wide attention from all walks of life. With the development of IoT, especially the putting forward of concept of public safety IoT, IoT has been a certain degree of application in the field of public safety. Because of that, public safety regulatory technology is improved. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
By summarizing scholars’ research results, this paper analyzes the application of IoT in public safety regulation, points out the challenges in application, and then puts forward some suggestions, pointing out IoT development prospects in the area of public safety regulation.

Findings
The application of IoT in the field of public safety from the perspective of IoT architecture and the perspective of the main technologies of IoT is paid attention. And this market that IoT added to other services in the public sector would generate $4.6 trillion of net profit globally in the next decade. Therefore, government leaders and public safety organizations should start exploring the full potential that IoT could offer to public safety.

Originality/value
The research will develop the theory of IOT, which is valuable to strengthen the IOT technology innovation and the application extension. The application of IOT in public safety will enhance the ability to supervise the public safety and guarantee the safe social condition for people’s life. So it is valuable in theory and in practice.
A qualitative study of green practices adoption for restaurants in Malaysia
Authors: Tan Booi Chen , Lau Teck Chai , Yong Gun Fie , Khan Nasreen , Nguyen Thi Phuong Lan 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand restaurant operators’ perception towards key areas of green practices that could be adopted in the future operations of the restaurant business in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper used a qualitative approach through face-to-face interviews. Five restaurant operators who operated their independently owned casual upscale restaurants in the Klang Valley were selected as the respondents for the interviews.

Findings
Eight areas of green practices adapted from Hu et al. (2010) have been commented and proposed to be served as a guideline to design the Environmental Management System (EMS) for restaurants to go green in Malaysia. Although the feedback given on the feasibility of implementing these green practices provided by the restaurant operators were generally positive, challenges lies ahead in getting them to adopt these green practices. It required understanding of the difficulties and motivations of implementing these practices.

Practical implications
An in-depth understanding from the voices of restaurant operators was essential for further policy formulation and implementation in fostering the green practices which in turn can serve as a “win-win” situation for all parties.

Originality/value
There seems to be a dearth of studies conducted on the perceptions of restaurant operators about the feasibility of green practices adoption in the operation of the restaurants in Malaysia. The implementation of EMS or the adoption of green practices was a vital missing-link among the restaurants. The outcome of this paper was expected to provide new ideas and knowledge on the areas of green practices to be adopted as the environmental guidelines to operate restaurants in Malaysia.
Evidence from the proteome for local adaptation to extreme heat in a widespread tree species
Authors: Maher Timothy , Mirzaei Mehdi , Pascovici Dana , Wright Ian J. , Haynes Paul A. , Gallagher Rachael V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Heatwaves are increasing in frequency and intensity globally with negative consequences for biological function. Assessing the effect of extreme heat on species requires an understanding of their adaptive capacity for mitigating physiological damage. Where long‐term exposure to extreme heat in natural populations provides sufficient selection pressure, populations should exhibit signals of adaptive thermotolerance to temperature extremes.

Using quantitative proteomics, we tested this idea in the widespread and commercially important tree species Eucalyptus grandis (Flooded Gum). Seedlings from six natural populations of E. grandis spanning a 2,000 km gradient were exposed to a four‐day extreme heat treatment (42–24°C day–night cycle) in experimental growth chambers. Populations differed in their long‐term exposure to extreme heat conditions, defined both as the number of days annually ≥15°C above mean annual temperature (MAT), and average number of days annually with temperature maxima ≥35°C between 1960 and 1990.

Long‐term exposure to extreme heat conditions in the field predicted the protein‐level response of E. grandis to experimental heatwaves. Relationships between long‐term extreme heat exposure and protein increases were positive and linear for all combinations of extreme heat (days ≥15°C above MAT, mean days with temperature maxima ≥35°C annually) and expression (all differentially expressed proteins, isolated heat shock proteins, proteins involved in molecular stress responses).

Although extreme climate events are typically rare (e.g., 1 day 15° ≥MAT per 5 years in some populations in our study), E. grandis populations sampled from across a 2,000 km range exhibit a clear capacity to increase expression of proteins involved in heat stress in response to simulated heatwave exposure. Presumably, they respond similarly under natural heatwave conditions.

We show that a long‐lived species with a broad environmental niche exhibits adaptive variation in protein response to temperature extremes at the population level. This implies that restoration, translocation and silvicultural programmes should consider the molecular response of source populations to climatic extremes to maximize success under future climates.

Tree populations with low exposure to extreme heat conditions may be limited in their ability to respond to heatwave events, potentially limiting their adaptive capacity to withstand novel climate conditions.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Transcriptional response of the obligate anaerobe Desulfuribacillus stibiiarsenatis MLFW‐2T to growth on antimonate and other terminal electron acceptors
Authors: Abin Christopher A. , Hollibaugh James T. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryEnzymes of the dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) family catalyse two‐electron redox reactions pivotal to the dissimilatory metabolism of a variety of organic and inorganic compounds. The draft genome of the obligately anaerobic bacterium Desulfuribacillus stibiiarsenatis MLFW‐2T contains 14 genes that are predicted to encode catalytic subunits of DMSOR family enzymes. We quantified transcription of these genes during growth on antimonate, arsenate, nitrate and selenate, with the goal of identifying the respiratory antimonate reductase. Transcription of BHU72_10330, BHU72_03635 and BHU72_07355 was enhanced during growth on arsenate, nitrate and selenate, respectively, implicating these genes as encoding the catalytic subunits of a respiratory arsenate reductase (arrA), periplasmic nitrate reductase (napA) and membrane‐bound selenate reductase (srdA) respectively. Transcription of BHU72_07145 increased markedly when MLFW‐2T was grown on antimonate, suggesting that this gene encodes the catalytic subunit of a respiratory antimonate reductase, designated anrA. We also compared the transcriptomes of MLFW‐2T during growth on antimonate and arsenate to examine the broader physiological response of the organism to growth on these substrates. Relative to arsenate, antimonate was found to induce transcription of genes involved in pathways for dealing with oxidative stress, including those involved in repairing damaged cellular biomolecules and scavenging reactive oxygen species.
Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival by Socioeconomic Status Despite Medicare and Medicaid Insurance
Authors: SILBER JEFFREY H. , ROSENBAUM PAUL R. , ROSS RICHARD N. , REITER JOSEPH G. , NIKNAM BIJAN A. , HILL ALEXANDER S. , BONGIORNO DIANA M. , SHAH SHIVANI A. , HOCHMAN LAUREN L. , EVEN‐SHOSHAN ORIT , FOX KEVIN R. 
Published: December 2018

Policy Points
Patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) experience poorer survival rates after diagnosis of breast cancer, even when enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid.
Most of the difference in survival is due to more advanced cancer on presentation and the general poor health of lower SES patients, while only a very small fraction of the SES disparity is due to differences in cancer treatment.
Even when comparing only low‐ versus not‐low‐SES whites (without confounding by race) the survival disparity between disparate white SES populations is very large and is associated with lower use of preventive care, despite having insurance.
ContextDisparities in breast cancer survival by socioeconomic status (SES) exist despite the “safety net” programs Medicare and Medicaid. What is less clear is the extent to which SES disparities affect various racial and ethnic groups and whether causes differ across populations.MethodsWe conducted a tapered matching study comparing 1,890 low‐SES (LSES) non‐Hispanic white, 1,824 black, and 723 Hispanic white women to 60,307 not‐low‐SES (NLSES) non‐Hispanic white women, all in Medicare and diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1992 and 2010 in 17 US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) regions. LSES Medicare patients were Medicaid dual‐eligible and resided in neighborhoods with both high poverty and low education. NLSES Medicare patients had none of these factors. Measurements: 5‐year and median survival.FindingsLSES non‐Hispanic white patients were diagnosed with more stage IV disease (6.6% vs 3.6%; p < 0.0001), larger tumors (24.6 mm vs 20.2 mm; p < 0.0001), and more chronic diseases such as diabetes (37.8% vs 19.0%; p < 0.0001) than NLSES non‐Hispanic white patients. Disparity in 5‐year survival (NLSES − LSES) was 13.7% (p < 0.0001) when matched for age, year, and SEER site (a 42‐month difference in median survival). Additionally, matching 55 presentation factors, including stage, reduced the disparity to 4.9% (p = 0.0012), but further matching on treatments yielded little further change in disparity: 4.6% (p = 0.0014). Survival disparities among LSES blacks and Hispanics, also versus NLSES whites, were significantly associated with presentation factors, though black patients also displayed disparities related to initial treatment. Before being diagnosed, all LSES populations used significantly less preventive care services than matched NLSES controls.ConclusionsIn Medicare, SES disparities in breast cancer survival were large (even among non‐Hispanic whites) and predominantly related to differences of presentation characteristics at diagnosis rather than differences in treatment. Preventive care was less frequent in LSES patients, which may help explain disparities at presentation.
Consequences of Debt Forgiveness: Strategic Default Contagion and Lender Learning
Authors: PÉREZ‐CAVAZOS GERARDO 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTI use a unique data set of loans to small business owners to examine whether lenders face adverse consequences when they grant debt forgiveness to borrowers. I provide evidence consistent with borrowers communicating their debt forgiveness to other borrowers, who then more frequently strategically default on their own obligations. This strategic default contagion is economically large. When the lender doubles debt forgiveness, the default rate increases by 10.9% on average. Using an exogenous shock to the lender's forgiveness policy, my findings suggest that as the lender learns about the extent of borrower communication the lender tightens its debt forgiveness policy to mitigate default contagion.
Colchicine Extract Suicidal Lethal Poisoning Confirmation Using High‐Resolution Accurate Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study
Authors: Schreiber Ludovit , Morovič Martin , Špacayová Katarína , Halko Radoslav 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA case of suspected acute and lethal intoxication caused by colchicine has been reported. The woman was hospitalized after her suspicion of suicidal poisoning by a rare autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale). Suspected colchicine poisoning was confirmed using a novel UHPLC method with a modern reversed‐phase stationary phase with a sub 2‐micron superficial porous particle size combined with a QTOF mass spectrometer. Sample preparation procedure included the addition of propiverine as internal standard, protein precipitation using methanol and solid phase extraction. High‐resolution MS only and targeted MS/MS modes are reported for the qualitative analysis and screening of other potential drugs of abuse in blood samples. All Ion MS mode was used for quantitative determination of colchicine afterward. The concentration of colchicine in the blood sample was approximately 41 ng/mL, and more than 200 μg/mL of the plant extract used for the suicide.
Detection of Brodifacoum and other Rodenticides in Drug Mixtures using Thermal Desorption Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (TD‐DART‐MS)
Authors: Robinson Elizabeth L. , Sisco Edward 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn recent months, there has been increased reporting of seized drug and toxicology cases containing rodenticides, the active ingredient in rat poisons. Seeing as rodenticides are not scheduled substances, they are not commonly screened for in seized drug analysis. This work investigates the use ofTD‐DART‐MSfor the simultaneous detection of rodenticides and drugs. Six rodenticides were evaluated, an optimal method was established, and limits of detection in the tens of nanograms were calculated. Additional studies highlight that detection at less than 1% by weight in mixtures withAB‐FUBINACA, cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine was possible. This work presents an optimized method for detection of these compounds, allowing for the simultaneous detection of drugs and rodenticides, providing drug chemists with a tool for rapid identification of these compounds for forensic or public health purposes.
Performance of the Surgical Outcomes Monitoring and Improvement Program in comparison to Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity and National Surgery Quality Improvement Program calculators in predicting mortality for emergency colectomy: A retrospective case series study
Authors: Lee Martin S.C. , Wong Yu‐Yan , Yau Kelvin Kai‐Wing , Chan Canon Kin‐On 
Published: December 2018

AimThe National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for enUmeration of Mortality and Morbidity (P‐POSSUM) are well‐established risk calculators employed by surgeons worldwide to calculate predicted surgical mortality and morbidity. Since 2008, the Hospital Authority has implemented the Surgical Outcomes Monitoring and Improvement Program (SOMIP) for auditing of 30‐day mortality in emergency surgery. In the present study, we aimed to compare the performance of this locally‐developed risk calculator with NSQIP and P‐POSSUM for 30‐day mortality predictions in patients undergoing emergency colectomy.Patients and MethodsThe present study was a retrospective study of 119 patients who underwent emergency colectomy between January and December 2014 at the Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong. The predicted mortality rate was calculated by SOMIP, NSQIP and P‐POSSUM. Data were analysed by the area under the receiver–operator characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsThe overall mortality rate was 12.6 per cent (15/119). The AUROC for SOMIP was 0.908 [95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 0.845–0.970, P < 0.05), whereas the the AUROC for NSQIP and P‐POSSUM were 0.903 (95 per cent CI: 0.815–0.990, P < 0.05) and 0.842 (95 per cent CI: 0.743–0.942, P < 0.05), respectively. The SOMIP calculator provided the highest AUROC and was comparable to the other two well‐established international risk calculators.ConclusionsAll three risk calculators (SOMIP, NSQIP and P‐POSSUM) showed considerable accuracy in predicting the 30‐day mortality rate. The SOMIP risk calculator was comparable to the well‐established international risk calculators NSQIP and P‐POSSUM.