bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategi Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Petani Garam Melalui Pendayagunaan Aset Tanah Pegaraman
Authors: Ihsannudin Ihsannudin , Pinujib Sukmo , Subejo Subejo , Sumada Bangko Bertus 
Published: March 2018

Madura bernilai strategis dalam produksi garam nasional, namun kenyataannya kondisi petani garam masih hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan. Penelitian bertujuan merumuskan strategi pemberdayaan petani garam melalui pendayagunaan aset pertanahan dengan pendekatan subsistem budaya-kelembagaan dan subsistem ekonomi. Guna mencapai hal tersebut, perlu diketahui kondisi subsistem budaya-kelembagaan dan subsistem ekonomi petani garam. Selain itu, dikaji faktor-faktor penyebab ketidakberdayaan petani. Hasil analisis menunjukkan subsistem budaya menunjukkan bahwa usaha pegaraman adalah bagian budaya masyarakat yang mengakar dan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari masyarakat Madura. Sementara dari subsistem kelembagaan menunjukkan petani garam dikelompokkan menjadi petani pemilik tanah dan petani penggarap (mantong). Pendekatan subsistem ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa produksi garam sangat tergantung iklim dan cuaca dan masih menggunakan teknologi tradisional. Strategi pemberdayaan bagi petani pemilik tanah adalah dengan mengupayakan sertifikasi tanah untuk mendukung akses permodalan. Sementara untuk mantong diarahkan memperoleh redistribusi tanah oyek landreform yang kemudian disertifikasi. Tanah tanah yang telah disertifikasi tersebut nantinya dapat dilakukan konsolidasi tanah yang berperan pada peningkatan kuantitas dan kualitas produksi garam serta mereduksi biaya transportasi. Tanah yang telah tersertifikasi juga dapat digunakan untuk agunan guna mengakses modal.
Madura has an important role in the national salt production. unfortunately, most of salt farmers in Madura are living under the poverty line. This paper discuss about the strategies to empower salt farmers through improving the access of lands, proposing culture-institutional and economic subsytem approch. This strategy can be formulated by investigate the condition of the cultural- institutional and economic subsystem of salt farmers. In addition, also discussed the factors that cause the incapacities of the farmers to improve their welfare. The result based on cultural subsystem show that salt production is part of the Madura culture that deeply entrenched. Then, based on institutional subsystem show salt farmers can be divided into two type: the farmers that own their lands and peasant farmers (mantong). Meanwhile, based on economic sub system describe the existing salt production system is traditionally managed, highly dependent on the weather and climate condition. An empowerment strategy for the landowners is to get land registration to access the capital. While empowering for mantong directed to acquire redistribution on land reform object. Salt land that has been certified can be consolidated which contribute to increasing the quantity and quality of salt production and reduce transportation costs. Then salt that has been certified can be be used for collateral in order to access capital.
Dampak Realokasi Anggaran Belanja Subsidi BBM untuk Pembangunan Infrastruktur terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia
Authors: Anas Muhammad , Widodo Wahyu , Sugiyanto FX 
Published: March 2018

Kondisi dan daya saing infrastruktur Indonesia belum memadai akibat belanja infrastruktur yang terhambat karena membengkaknya anggaran subsidi BBM. Pada akhir tahun 2014, pemerintah mereformasi anggaran belanja dengan memangkas anggaran subsidi BBM dan meningkatkan anggaran pembangunan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak realokasi anggaran belanja subsidi BBM untuk pembangunan infrastruktur terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data yang bersumber dari BPS dan Susenas, penelitian ini menerapkan aplikasi Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi (SNSE) sebagai alat analisis untuk melihat seberapa besar dampak kebijakan bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa realokasi anggaran subsidi BBM untuk pembangunan infrastruktur sosial (seperti pendidikan dan kesehatan) berpengaruh lebih besar terhadap perekonomian Indonesia dibandingkan infrastruktur fisik (seperti jalan dan jembatan). Meski pertubuhan ekonomi yang diperoleh melalui hasil simulasi belum mencapai target pembangunan, namun dalam jangka panjang pembangunan infrastruktur diharapkan mampu mengakselerasi pertumbuhan ekonomi.
Indonesia’s infrastructure has been inadequate and not competitive due to the lack of infrastructure spending because of the consistently increasing budget for fuel subsidy. Therefore, at the end of 2014, Government of Indonesia (GoI) reformed their budgeting policy by diverting fuel subsidy’s budget to develop infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of diverting Indonesia’s budgeting policy from fuel subsidy to infrastructure on its economy. Using data from Statistics Indonesia and National Survey of Social and Economy, this study applied Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) as the analytical tool to quantify the magnitude of the impact from the policy on Indonesia’s economic growth and household income. Simulation results indicated that developing social infrastructure (such as education and health) had a bigger impact on Indonesia’s economy than developing physical infrastructure (such as roads and bridges). Although the economic growth resulted from the simulation policy could not meet Indonesia’s target, infrastructure spending is expected to accelerate growth in the long run.
Analisis SWOT untuk Menetapkan Strategi Bersaing Pada PT. Tarindo
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Rusdarti Rusdarti 
Published: March 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini, mengetahui dan menganalisis kondisi lingkungan internal dan eksternal, serta alternatif strategi yang dapat dipilih. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data data primer dan sekunder dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif terhadap SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan; 1). Kondisi lingkungan internal PT. Tarindo dari faktor strenght terdiri dari umur perusahaan, karyawan, mutu produk, peralatan/mesin, jaringan pemasaran, dan standar ISO 9001:2008. Faktor weaknesses terdiri dari : variasi produk, tenaga ahli, pendidikan karyawan, dan divisi R&D. 2). Kondisi lingkungan eksternal faktor opportunity terdiri dari : pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk, ekspor, bahan baku, dan desain baru. Faktor threath terdiri dari : produk substitusi, gaya hidup modern, harga bahan baku, dan BBM. 3). Alternatif strategi S-O dengan teknis growth yang terfokus pada stabel growth. Alternatif strategi W-O dengan teknis stability yang terfokus pada aggressive maintenance. Alternatif strategi ST dengan teknis diversification yang terfokus pada conglomerate. Alternatif strategi W-T dengan teknis survival yang terfokus pada turn arround.
The purpose of this study, investigate and analyze the internal and external environmental conditions, as well as alternative strategies can be chosen. The data used in this study is data and the primary and secondary data were analyzed using descriptive analysis of SWOT. The results showed; 1). PT Tarindo internal environmental conditions of strenght factors consist of: the age of the company, employees, product quality, equipment / machinery, network marketing, and ISO standards. Factors weaknesses consist of: the variety of products, expertise, employee education, and R & D division. 2). External environmental conditions opportunity factors consist of: population growth, export, raw materials, and designs. Threath factor consisting of product substitution, modern lifestyle, the price of raw materials, and fuel. 3). Alternative strategies S-O with growth. Alternative strategies W-O with stability. ST strategic alternatives with technical diversification. Alternative strategies W-T with survival.
Dampak Pengembangan Pariwisata Terhadap Perekonomian Masyarakat Sekitar Objek Wisata di Dieng Kabupaten Wonosobo
Authors: Alim Irhamna Sani 
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dampak yang ditimbulkan dari adanya pengembangan objek wisata terhadap kondisi perekonomian masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Dieng, Kecamatan Kejajar, Kabupaten Wonosobo. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena meningkatknya pengunjung objek wisata dan pendapatan sektor pariwisata yang berpengaruh terhadap perekonomian masyarakat sekitar objek wisata. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif yang dilengkapi data kualitatif dan kuantitatif baik data primer maupun sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat Skala Likert untuk menentukan hasil penelitian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kondisi pariwisata, dan mengidentifikasi dampak yang ditimbulkan dari adanya pengembangan pariwisata terhadap kondisi perekonomian masyarakat sekitar. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan fasilitas, pelayanan objek wisata setelah adanya pengembangan, akan tetapi ada penurunan pada bidang kebersihan dan keamanan. Persentase pendapatan masyarakat mengalami peningkatan yang dihitung menggunakan Skala Likert dari 53,3% menjadi 68,5%, tingkat kesempatan kerja rendah dengan persentase hanya sebesar 29,5%.
This study identifies the impact of the tourism development of economic conditions surrounding community. This research was conducted in the village of Dieng, District Kejajar, Wonosobo regency. This research was done because of the rise in visitor attractions and tourism revenue that affect the economy of the surrounding community attraction. This research uses descriptive research method qualitative and quantitative data include both primary and secondary data. This study uses a Likert Scale tool to determine the results. The purpose of this study to describe the condition of tourism, and to identify the impact of the development of tourism on the economy of surrounding communities. The results of this study showed an increase in facilities and services, attraction after their development, but there is a decrease in the field of hygiene and security. The percentage of people's income has increased which is calculated using a Likert Scale from 53.3% to 68.5%, the low employment rate with a percentage of only 29.5%.
Post-partum and non-post-partum relapsing Graves’ hyperthyroidism display different response to anti-thyroid drugs
Authors: Rotondi Mario , Capelli Valentina , Coperchini Francesca , Pinto Sara , Croce Laura , Tonacchera Massimo , Chiovato Luca 
Published: March 2018

Design
Graves’ disease (GD) patients in remission after a full course of methimazole (MMI) therapy are at risk for a relapse of hyperthyroidism during the post-partum (PP) period, but whether this relapse may display any peculiarity is still unknown. Aim of this study was to compare GD patients undergoing a relapse of hyperthyroidism either in the PP period or not.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated forty-three GD female patients in their childbearing age who experienced a relapse of hyperthyroidism. Eighteen of them relapsed in the PP period (i.e. within 12 months after delivery, PP group); the remaining 25 relapsed elsewhere during life (NPP group).

Results
Age at relapse, thyroid volume, thyroid function tests, TRAb titers, smoking habit, presence and degree of orbitopathy and duration of methimazole (MMI) treatment did not differ in the two groups. However, the remission rate was much greater (79%) in the PP as compared with the NPP (32%) group (P = 0.002). A significant reduction in TRAb levels occurred at 12-month MMI treatment in the PP (F = 9.016; P = 0.001), but not in the NPP group (F = 2.433; NS). At 12 months, the PP group had significantly lower mean TRAb levels (0.6 ± 1.1 U/L and 4.5 ± 4.7 U/L in the PP and the NPP group, respectively; P = 0.029).

Conclusions
Relapsing Graves’ hyperthyroidism in the PP period is more prone to undergo a remission after a second course of MMI treatment. In these patients, a conservative therapeutic approach is more appropriate.
Tautos ir nacionalinės valstybės ateitis moderniosios ,,Babelio bokšto“ vizijos perspektyvoje
Authors: Radžvilas Vytautas 
Published: March 2018

[only abstract in English; full article and abstract in Lithuanian]
This article discusses the future prospects of nations and nation states in the era of globalization by critically analyzing the theoretical justifications of the philosophical idea that one of the inevitable consequences of globalization is a gradual disintegration of nations and nation states. The origins of this idea are traced back to the political theory of Immanuel Kant, particularly to Kant’s vision of a cosmopolitan, civil society and the concept of the worldwide confederation of republican states. The article introduces an argument that the position that Kant’s vision of the civil society and confederation of states is internally incoherent and utopian, and it should be viewed as a normative moral and political ideal (or, in Kantian terms, a maxim of the practical historical reason that every human being should strive for) rather than as a theoretically coherent and justified political project. This normative ideal of modernity is viewed as the driving force of history, since it facilitates attempts to implement it in practice and achieve the end result – a peaceful, global civil society. In such a state of peaceful coexistence, the nation, as a form of political organization, loses its relevance, and the nation state gets replaced by a cosmopolitan confederation of republican states.The modern vision of a cosmopolitan and apolitical global order is viewed as one of the most important ideas of political philosophy, which has a tremendous influence on the history and geopolitical development of the modern world. It is shown that, for over two centuries, this idea has been both a theoretical and an ideological inspiration for global governance projects. The article suggests that a conceptual “overlap” between the two conceptions of a nation – the traditional natural law and the modern constructivist one – may have been one of the primary reasons of why this idea has retained philosophical and political significance for over two centuries. The article defends the view that this conceptual confusion led to a theoretically and empirically unjustified conviction that the disintegration of nations and nation states will be an inevitable outcome of the development of the modern world, and that this conviction facilitates further political experiments aimed at realizing the utopian apolitical society.
Lietuvos valstybė kaip ideologinis projektas
Authors: Dementavičius Justinas 
Published: March 2018

[only abstract in English; full article and abstract in Lithuanian]
The main goal of this article is to describe the establishment of the first Lithuanian Republic in 1918 as an ideological project. The focus here is on three ideological systems that are usually treated as closely linked to modern Lithuanian statehood – nationalism, Romanticism and conservatism. First, I deal with the question of nationalism (mostly treated as a form of ethnic nationalism) being the main grounding point for an independent Lithuanian state. I defend the thesis that the discourse of a national-state-building process and nationalism as a main ideological form is too narrow and one-dimensional. It can’t shed light onto the ideological polysemy and the quarrels that took place in 1918 and afterward. The argument is based on the interpretation of nationalism as a thin-centered ideology as it was described by Michael Freeden. The second thesis stresses that collective (national) self-understanding is undeniably important, but this interpretation does not predispose any state-building attempts. It requires a radical reinterpretation and transformation of known political reality, and this can only be achieved with political Romanticism as was described by Carl Schmitt. Finally, I introduce in the question of the place of conservative ideology in the state-building process. Modern Lithuanian statehood was reached through a radical reform of an old political system. That is why conservative thought, which usually stands for traditions and the established order, seems like an unnatural ideological ally for a new Lithuanian state. But if one would treat conservative thought as an ideology dealing with the issue of change and pointing to a natural community and history, it is then possible to find some specific traces of conservative imagination.
How To Learn To Understand Mathematics?
Authors: Duval Raymond 
Published: March 2018

The cognitive core process of mathematical activity is the recognition of a same object in two semiotic representations whose respective contents have nothing in common with each other. It is also the recurrent and insuperable difficulty of comprehension in learning mathematics and the main impediment to solving problems for most students. The theory of registers provides a cognitive analysis of the way of working and thinking in mathematics. It highlights the key cognitive factors to be taken into account in Mathematics Education for all students up to the age of 16. To give an insight into the theory this paper focuses on two topics. How to introduce letters and elementary algebra? How to learn to solve problems in mathematics? And to avoid the confusion of words arising in Mathematics Education whenever we talk about « theories », we shallshow how to analyze in terms of registers the mathematical tasks related to these two topics. This allow us to identify the cognitive thresholds to be crossed to understand and to solve problems in mathematics. Analyzing mathematical activity in terms of registers is quite different from the prevailing mathematical view. This concerns the hidden face of mathematical activity and not its exposed face. We are broaching here the crucial issue about teaching mathematics to all students up to the age of 16. What should be its objectives and priority areas?Keywords: Register. Transformation of Semiotic Representation. Conversion. Treatment. Discursive operation.
Emociones, acción y excusas = Emotions, action and excuses
Authors: Manrique María Laura 
Published: March 2018

Resumen: En este trabajo ofreceré un breve análisis filosófico de algunos aspectos centrales de las emociones, las excusas y su impacto en responsabilidad penal. En primer lugar, reconstruiré brevemente la discusión filosófica acerca de las emociones. En segundo lugar, expondré algunas de las normas que los códigos penales recogen sobre este tema. Por último, el objetivo central de este trabajo es mostrar que los diferentes fundamentos que se han esgrimido para justificar las excusas penales se reflejan, a su vez, en diferentes maneras de entender las emociones. Por ello, sostendré que no hay un desacuerdo genuino entre las diferentes familias de teorías que pretenden justificar las excusas y que ambas por si solas son insuficientes para dar cuenta de las excusas emocionales tal como las entendemos en nuestros sistemas jurídicos.Palabras clave: Responsabilidad penal, excusas emocionales.Abstract: In this paper I offer a philosophical analysis of some basic aspects of emotions, excuses and criminal responsibility. Firstly, I briefly discuss about emotions. Secondly, I outline some of the legal rules that our penal codes contain about emotions. Finally, the main issue of this paper is to show that the different grounds that have been used to justify criminal excuses are reflected, in turn, in the various ways of understanding emotions. For that reason, I argue that there is no genuine disagreement between the different families of theories that seek to justify excuses. In addition, these theories are insufficient to explain emotional excuses as we understand them in our legal systems. Keywords: Criminal responsibility, emotional excuses.
La mediación en sociedades interculturales. Referencia a la posible actuación del Defensor del Pueblo en procesos de mediación = Mediation in intercultural societies. Possible Ombudsman’s action in mediation processes
Authors: Pérez-Ugena Coromina María 
Published: March 2018

Resumen: El objeto de este trabajo es una reflexión acerca de los conflictos que surgen en sociedades interculturales como consecuencia de marcos más plurales, acompañada de una propuesta de cauces de solución. Nos planteamos la conveniencia de utilizar mecanismos extrajudiciales de resolución de conflictos, en particular la mediación, como medio especialmente adecuado para este tipo de controversias. La integración en sociedades plurales exige un esfuerzo y toma de postura por el Estado. Los poderes públicos deben implicarse en lograr un mayor grado de convivencia democrática, incidiendo en el aspecto real y no formal de la libertad y la igualdad, de manera coherente con la concepción social del Estado. El Defensor del Pueblo es una figura idónea para poder actuar como mediador en conflictos propios de la interculturalidad. Su contacto con los problemas sociales, de una parte, y su posición neutral, basada en la auctoritas, de otra, le atribuyen unas características muy interesantes para que pueda ejercer esta función. Asumiría así el Estado este papel a través de la institución que resulta más cercana a la ciudadanía. Esto, a su vez, podría revertir en una mejora de la percepción social del Defensor del Pueblo.Palabras clave: Interculturalismo, mediación, Defensor del Pueblo.Abstract: The purpose of this work is a reflection on the conflicts that arise in intercultural societies as a consequence of more plural frameworks, accompanied by a proposal of channels of solution. We consider the convenience of using extrajudicial mechanisms for resolving conflicts, particularly mediation, as a particularly appropriate means for this type of dispute. The integration in plural societies requires an effort and takes position by the State. The public authorities must be involved in achieving a greater degree of democratic coexistence, focusing on the real and non-formal aspect of freedom and equality, in a manner consistent with the social conception of the State. The Ombudsman is an ideal figure to be able to act as mediator in conflicts of interculturality. His contact with social problems, on the one hand, and his neutral position, based on the auctoritas, on the other, attribute him some very interesting characteristics so that he can exercise this function. The State would assume this role through the institution that is closest to citizenship. This, in turn, could lead to an improvement in the social perception of the Ombudsman.Keywords: Interculturalism, mediation, Ombudsman.
Corrupción en las transacciones comerciales internacionales = Corruption in international business transactions
Authors: Díaz-Maroto y Villarejo Julio 
Published: March 2018

Resumen: El trabajo pretende mostrar, mediante un análisis del artículo 286 ter del Código Penal, la respuesta que el ordenamiento jurídico-penal español ofrece a un fenómeno tan frecuente y dañino como es el de la corrupción en el ámbito concreto de las transacciones económicas internacionales. La materia, objeto de atención de los organismos internacionales (ONU, OCDE, UE, etc.), constituye uno de los temas más candentes dentro de la actual política criminal.Palabras clave: Corrupción y soborno, transacciones económicas, globalización.Abstract: The essay tries to show, through the analysis of art. 445 of the Spanish criminal code, the answer that the Spanish criminal system gives to a phenomenon as frequent and harmful as the corruption within international business transactions. This topic has drawn the attention of international organizations (UNO, OECD, EU…) and constitutes one of the hottest issues of today’s criminal policy.Keywords: Bribery and corruption, economic transactions, globalization.