bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considering Causes for Hypoactive Delirium
Authors: Mulkey Malissa A , Hardin Sonya R , Olson DaiWai M , Munro Cindy L , Everhart Erik 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Delirium is defined as a mental disorder characterized by an abnormal state of cognition and awareness. Delirium is associated with an annual cost of $350 billion between the United States and Europe. Approximately 80% of delirium cases are either not identified or misdiagnosed. Older adults have the highest incidence due to the consequences of aging. Hypoactive delirium or “quite delirium” is the most common delirium subtype experienced by older adults.
Hypoactive delirium, is difficult to recognize and has worse outcomes than other subtypes. If detected, symptoms of hypoactive delirium are frequently dismissed as depression or dementia. Therefore, nurses need heightened vigilance in assessment and identification of hypoactive delirium. This article seeks to assist nurses in identifying hypoactive delirium by outlining factors that increase an individual’s potential for developing hypoactive delirium.
Water pollution by nitrates from the agricultural industry
Authors: Webber L.R. , Elrick D.E. 
Published: March 2019

The principal sources of nitrogen in water are domestic sewage, garbage, industrial wastes, and the agricultural industry - animal wastes, nitrogenous fertilizers, and products from the decomposition of plant material in soil. The contribution from precipitation and atmospheric sediments is about 1.0 ppm or 5.8 lb/acre/year at Hamilton (15).
In this paper, we present results of our current research on the transport of nitrogen compounds by water in a porous medium. During this transfer, chemical and microbiological reactions take place that determine the concentration and distribution of nitrogen in a soil profile at a given time. Data are presented that indicate the levels of NO3--N in ground waters from several sources as well as a discussion of possible sources of nitrate contamination.
Prediction of Protein Ubiquitination Sites in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chen Jiajing , Zhao Jianan , Yang Shiping , Chen Zhen , Zhang Ziding 
Published: March 2019

Background:
As one of the most important reversible protein post-translation modification
types, ubiquitination plays a significant role in the regulation of many biological processes,
such as cell division, signal transduction, apoptosis and immune response. Protein ubiquitination
usually occurs when ubiquitin molecule is attached to a lysine on a target protein, which is also
known as “lysine ubiquitination”.

Objective:
In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination-related biological
processes, the crucial first step is the identification of ubiquitination sites. However, conventional
experimental methods in detecting ubiquitination sites are often time-consuming and a large number
of ubiquitination sites remain unidentified. In this study, a ubiquitination site prediction method
for Arabidopsis thaliana was developed using a Support Vector Machine (SVM).

Methods:
We collected 3009 experimentally validated ubiquitination sites on 1607 proteins in A.
thaliana to construct the training set. Three feature encoding schemes were used to characterize
the sequence patterns around ubiquitination sites, including AAC, Binary and CKSAAP. The maximum
Relevance and Minimum Redundancy (mRMR) feature selection method was employed to
reduce the dimensionality of input features. Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests were
used to evaluate the performance of the established models.

Results:
As a result, the combination of AAC and CKSAAP encoding schemes yielded the
best performance with the accuracy and AUC of 81.35% and 0.868 in the independent test.
We also generated an online predictor termed as AraUbiSite, which is freely accessible at:
http://systbio.cau.edu.cn/araubisite.

Conclusion:
We developed a well-performed prediction tool for large-scale ubiquitination site
identification in A. thaliana. It is hoped that the current work will speed up the process of identification
of ubiquitination sites in A. thaliana and help to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms
of ubiquitination in plants.
A Novel Approach for Sentiment Analysis Using Deep Recurrent Networks and Sequence Modeling
Authors: Baddur Rajalaxmi P. , Shedole Seema 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Due to the increasing growth of social websites, a lot of user-generated
data is available these days in the form of customer reviews, opinions, and comments.

Objective:
Sentiment analysis includes analyzing the user reviews and finding the overall opinions
from the reviews in terms of positive, negative and neutral categories. Sentiment analysis techniques
can be used to assign a piece of text a single value that represents opinion expressed in that text.
Sentiment analysis using lexicon approaches is already studied.

Methods:
A new approach to sentiment analysis using deep neural networks techniques is proposed.
Deep neural networks using Sequence to sequence model is studied in this paper. The main objective
of this paper is to identify the sequence of relationships among the words in the reviews. Customer
reviews are taken from Amazon and sentiment analysis is done using the word embedding method.

Results:
The results obtained by the proposed method are compared with the baseline algorithms
such as Naïve, and logistic regression.

Conclusion:
Confusion Matrix along with receiver operating characteristics and area under the
curve is analyzed. The accuracy of the proposed methodology is compared with other algorithms.
TRANSDERMAL OF ATENOLOL VIA MICROEMULSIONS
Authors: TALHOUNI AHMAD AJWAD , ALKRAD JAMAL ALYOUSSEF , AL-DABBAGH MANAF MOHAMMED , ABAZID HUSAM , HUSSEIN-AL-ALI SAMER HASAN 
Published: March 2019

Objective: Developing novel non-ionic microemulsions (MEs) for transdermal of atenolol as satisfactory alternative drug delivery systems for the oral route.
Methods: Seven MEs were developed then checked for encapsulation of atenolol using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-spectroscopy) (), isotropy, droplet sizes, rheological properties and transdermal flux using Franz diffusion cell. Furthermore, two MEs with best flux values were selected for bioavailability evaluation after transdermal application over rat’s skin.
Results: The results showed that the MEs complies with colloidal systems properties. Also, the developed MEs were stable throughout the study, ideal viscous systems with droplet sizes below 500 nm and isotropic. Besides, FTIR-spectra could reveal the structure of the MEs and encapsulation of atenolol inside the dispersed phase. Moreover, the flux values of atenolol in MEs through rat’s skin varied with different factors such as atenolol concentration, MEs’s composition, and zetapotential. The highest flux value of the developed systems was 243.5±16.3 µg. cm-2. h-1. Furthermore, the in vivo results showed that using the two tested microemulsions maximum plasma levels of atenolol 5.22±0.43 and 4.06±0.15 mg. ml-1at 8.18 and 3.64 h respectively could be achieved.
Conclusion: The developed microemulsions can be promise formulations for transdermal administration of atenolol as alternative for oral tablets.
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF DRIED BLOOD SPOT FOR MONITORING STUDIES OF TAMOXIFEN, ENDOXIFEN, AND 4-HYDROXYTAMOXIFEN IN BREAST CANCER PATIENT USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: HARAHAP YAHDIANA , MAGGADANI BAITHA PALANGGATAN , SITORUS TESANIKA RIBKA JOULIN , MULYADI CALLISTA ANDINIE , PURWANTO DENNI JOKO 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To determine tamoxifen (TAM) and its metabolites, endoxifen (END) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) in patients' DBS simultaneously for monitoring studies purposes.
Methods: The UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated with clomiphene as the internal standard. Optimization was done by evaluating several parameters that affect the efficiency of DBS preparation and analysis of TAM and its metabolites.
Results: Sample preparation was performed by protein precipitation using methanol. The separation was performed on UPLC Class BEH C18 using formic acid 0.1%-formic acid 0.1% in acetonitrile (35:65) as the mobile phase in isocratic mode at 0.25 ml/minute. The mass detection was performed on Waters Xevo TQD using ESI+for TAM, END, 4-HT, and clomiphene as internal standard with m/z value: 372.2>72.27; 374.29>58.2; 388.29>72.19; dan 406.28>100.17 respectively. This method was linear within the range of 5-200 ng/ml for TAM; 1-40 ng/ml for END; and 0.5-20 ng/ml for 4-HT with r value of ≥0.9983; ≥0.9964; and ≥0.9981. %diff and %CV of the assay were within 15% and within 20% for LLOQ. The method was applied to 29 breast cancer patients, where the results lied between 30.29 and 188.63 ng/ml for tamoxifen, 1.45 and 28.77 ng/ml for endoxifen, 0.21 and 11.28 ng/ml for 4-hydroxytamoxifen.
Conclusion: This method has successfully fulfilled validation requirement referring to 2011 EMA and 2013 FDA guidelines. The method was successfully applied to determine TAM, END, and 4-HT in DBS of breast cancer ER+patients. TAM and its metabolites level in patients were showed high variability with END concentration of 2 patients below the clinical threshold.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IBUPROFEN CONTROLLED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS USING ITS SOLID DISPERSION
Authors: MANNA SREEJAN , KOLLABATHULA JYOSHNA 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The aim of the present work was to prepare solid dispersion of ibuprofen with PEG 6000 to increase the aqueous solubility of the drug and to develop the solid dispersed ibuprofen into tablet formulation with the combination of a hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer to attain controlled release of ibuprofen.
Methods: Solid dispersion of ibuprofen was prepared by melting-solvent method by varying the ratio of drug and PEG 6000. The solid dispersed ibuprofen was subjected to tablet formulation by using a hydrophilic swellable polymer-carbopol and hydrophobic non-swellable polymer-ethyl cellulose. The release of the drug from the polymer matrix was studied as the polymer ratio changes.
Results: Compatibility between drug and polymers was established from FT-IR study. The saturated solubility was found to increase in the solid dispersed formulation. The swelling index was found within the range of 90±5.43 to 137±6.41. SEM image of swollen tablet confirmed the presence of irregular and porous surface. The cumulative drug release was found to vary within the range of 68.76±3.04 to 95.33±2.34 % after 8 h of dissolution.
Conclusion: The combination of solid dispersion and application of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers in matrix formation can facilitate better dissolution and absorption profile with greater patient compliance.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN-POLYPYRROLE NANOCOMPOSITES FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ANTICANCER DRUG DOXORUBICIN
Authors: BEHERA DILLIP KUMAR , MISHRA KAMPAL 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The purpose of the present study was a characterization of chitosan (CS)-polypyrrole (PPY) nanocomposites for controlled release of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX).
Methods: Chitosan crosslink with PPY with montmorillonite (MMT) called as (CS-PPY/MMT) were formulated using the solvent casting method. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), tensile strength, scanning electronic microscope (SEM).
Results: The XRD result confirmed that the CS-PPY/MMT possessed crystal structure. The nanocomposites CS-PPY/MMT-4 were showed a homogenous morphology. The Water uptake and swelling ratio of the CS-PPY and CS-PPY/MMT were found to decrease with increase in the concentration of clay. Mechanical properties of the CS-PPY and CS-PPY/MMT were assessed in terms of tensile strength and extensibility using texture analyzer. Increase in tensile strength and reduction in extensibility was reported with an increase in the nanoclay content. In vitro drug release study on CS-PPY and CS-PPY/MMT indicated pronounced sustained release of doxorubicin by the incorporation of clay particles in CS-PPY/MMT. It was observed that during the first 60 min of the dissolution study, the CS-PPY/MMT-4 film showed just 79.32±0.56% drug release as while the CS-PPY-1, CS-PPY/MMT-2 and CS-PPY/MMT-3 films showed a release of 53.79±1.23%, 63.51±1.24% and 68.15±2.38% respectively.
Conclusion: CS-PPY/MMT nanocomposite films exhibited improved mechanical and sustained drug release properties than CS-PPY. The combination of biodegradable polymeric chains and clay reinforcement can be applied to achieve the desired combination of properties of materials used as a biosensor for diverse biomedical applications.
EFFECT OF MENTHOL ON THE TRANSDERMAL PERMEATION OF ACECLOFENAC FROM MICROEMULSION FORMULATION
Authors: Ahmed Abdul Baquee , Das Gouranga 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to enhance the transdermal permeation of aceclofenac (ACF) from microemulsion formulation using menthol as a natural permeation enhancer.
Methods: Microemulsion containing 2% w/v of ACF was prepared by a titration method with different concentration of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant. The prepared microemulsion was evaluated for droplet size, viscosity, pH and in vitro skin permeation studies. Menthol at 3-8% w/w was added to the selected microemulsion formulation and their effect on skin permeation was evaluated across rat epidermis using modified Keshary-Chien diffusion cell. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was performed to understand the regulation action of menthol in the skin permeability barrier.
Results: The average droplet size of the microemulsion was found to be 89.4±2.12 to 175.2±3.10 nm. The transdermal flux of the microemulsion containing 8% w/w menthol showed 2.9 fold increases in transdermal flux of ACF compared with the formulation without menthol. Result of FT-IR studies showed decrease in peak height of the symmetric and asymmetric C-H stretching vibrations may be because of the extraction of the stratum corneum (SC) lipids and the alteration of the skin permeability barrier.
Conclusion: This result suggests that menthol significantly enhanced the transdermal permeation of ACF and may be an effective natural penetration enhancer for transdermal delivery of the drug.
IMPACT OF HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE (HPMC) TYPE AND CONCENTRATION ON THE SWELLING AND RELEASE PROPERTIES OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE MATRIX TABLETS USNING A SIMPLEX CENTROID DESIGN
Authors: KRAISIT PAKORN 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To prepare hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix tablets of propranolol hydrochloride (PNL) using a simplex centroid design.
Methods: HPMC matrix tablets with different amounts and types of HPMC were prepared by direct compression. A simplex centroid design was used to evaluate tablet weight (Y1), thickness (Y2), hardness (Y3), axial swelling time at 0.5–12 h (Y4-Y9), radial swelling time at 0.5–12 h (Y10-Y15), and % released at 1–12 h (Y16-Y19).
Results: The tablet weight, thickness, and hardness were 397.6–400.4 mg, 3.967–4.029 mm, and 106.9–139.0 N, respectively. The % swelling (axial) and % swelling (radial) at 0.5–12 h were-8.715 to 59.889 and-1.887 to 49.287, respectively. The negative % swelling could be attributed to erosion of the tablets. The in vitro release of PNL from the tablets in buffer solution pH 1.2 (1 h) and pH 7.5 (3–12 h) was 21.12–76.22%. Tables with a high proportion of K100M HPMC had high PNL release, and the mechanism of PNL release was diffusion-and erosion-controlled.
Conclusion: The simplex centroid design is potentially advantageous for formulating PNL-HPMC matrix tablets.
A Transaction on the Blockchain: An AIS Perspective, Intro Case to Explain Transactions on the ERP and the Role of the Internal and External Auditor
Authors: Gomaa Ahmed A. , Gomaa Mohamed I. , Stampone Ashley 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
This case promotes discussions about blockchain technology. It shows a transaction execution scenario and its tax implications. The case provides (1) an overview of the steps required to install a Digital Wallet; (2) an explanation of the need to add cryptocurrencies to the wallet in order to transact on the blockchain; (3) an overview of executing a transaction, in which an accounting consulting service is provided in the exchange of a cryptocurrency; (4) methods to review the existing transaction, from the service provider side, the service receiver side, and from the blockchain side, with a highlight of the role of both internal and external auditors; (5) clarifies the importance of dealing with cryptocurrencies, given that the IRS identifies cryptocurrencies as properties; and (6) a reflection on the link between a company ERP system and the transaction information on the blockchain.
Enhancement of Tensile Strength of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposite via Superheated Steam-Alkali Treatment of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber
Authors: Then Yoon Yee , Ibrahim Nor Azowa , Zainuddin Norhazlin , Ariffin Hidayah , Wan Yunus Wan Md Zin 
Published: March 2019

Natural fiber is incompatible with hydrophobic polymer due to its hydrophilic nature. Therefore, surface modification of fiber is needed to impart compatibility. In this work,superheated steam (SHS)-alkali was introduced as novel surface treatment method to modify oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) for fabrication of biocomposites. The OPMF was first pre-treated with SHS and subsequently treated with varying NaOH concentration (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) and soaking time (1, 2, 3 and 4h) at room temperature. The biocomposites were then fabricated by melt blending of 70 wt% SHS-alkali treated-OPMFs and 30 wt% poly(butylene succinate) in a Brabender internal mixer followed by hot-pressed moulding. The combination treatment resulted in fiber with rough surface as well as led to the exposure ofmicrofibers. The tensile test result showed that fiber treated at 2% NaOH solution and 3h soaking time produced biocomposite with highest improvement in tensile strength (69%) and elongation at break (36%) in comparison to that of untreated OPMF. The scanning electron micrographs of tensile fracture surfaces of biocomposite provide evident for improved adhesion between fiber and polymer after thetreatments.This work demonstrated that combination treatments of SHS and NaOH could be a promising way to modify OPMF for fabrication of biocomposite.
Performance and Operational Characteristics of Modified Anaerobic Hybrid Baffled (MAHB) Reactor Treating Low Strength Recycled Paper Mill Effluent (RPME) Wastewater
Authors: Hassan Siti Roshayu , Qamaruz Zaman Nastaein , Dahlan Irvan 
Published: March 2019

The performance and operational characteristics of a laboratory scale modified anaerobic hybrid baffled (MAHB) reactor were studied using recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) wastewater. MAHB reactor was continuously operated at 35°C for 90 days with organic loading rate (OLR) increased from 0.14 to 0.57 g/L/dy. This present study demonstrated that the system was proficient in treating low strength RPME wastewater. Highest carbon oxygen demand (COD) removal were recorded up to 97% for an organic loading of 0.57 g /L/dy while effluent alkalinity assured that the system pH in the MAHB compartments were of great advantages to acidogens and methanogens respectively. Methane and biogas production rate shows increment as the load increases, which evidently indicated that the most significant approach to enhance gas production rates involves the increment of incoming substrate moderately. Variations of biogas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) in different compartments of MAHB reactor indicated the chronological degradation of substrate. The compartmental structure of MAHB reactor provided its strong ability to resist shock loads. From this present study, it shows the potential usage of MAHB reactor broadens the usage of multi-phase anaerobic technology for industrial wastewater treatment.
Wear Properties of Paste Boronized 316 Stainless Steel Before and After Shot Blasting Process
Authors: Mohamad Basir Muhamad Hafizuddin , Abdullah Bulan , Alias Siti Khadijah 
Published: March 2019

This research investigates and analyzes wear properties of 316 stainless steel before and after applying paste boronizing process and to investigate the effect of shot blasting process in enhancing boron dispersion into the steel. In order to enhance the boron dispersion into 316 stainless steel, surface deformation method by shot blasting process was deployed. Boronizing treatment was conducted using paste medium for 8 hours under two different temperatures which were 8500C and 9500C. Wear behaviour was evaluated using pin-on-disc test for abrasion properties. The analysis on microstructure, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and density were also carried out before and after applying boronizing treatment. Boronizing process that had been carried out on 316 stainless steel increases the wear resistance of the steel compared to the unboronized 316 stainless steel. The effect of boronizing treatment together with the shot blasting process give a greater impact in increasing the wear resistance of 316 stainless steel. This is mainly because shot blasted samples initiated surface deformation that helped more boron dispersion due to dislocation of atom on the deformed surface. Increasing the boronizing temperature also increases the wear resistance of 316 stainless steel. In industrial application, the usage of the components that have been fabricated using the improved 316 stainless steel can be maximized because repair and replacement of the components can be reduced as a result of improved wear resistance of the 316 stainless steel.
Research Trends in Microarray Data Analysis: Modelling Gene Regulatory Network by Integrating Transcription Factors Data
Authors: Kabir Ahmad Farzana , Kamaruddin Siti Sakira 
Published: March 2019

The invention of microarray technology has enabled expression levels of thousands of genes to be monitored at once. This modernized approach has created large amount of data to be examined. Recently, gene regulatory network has been an interesting topic and generated impressive research goals in computational biology. Better understanding of the genetic regulatory processes would bring significant implications in the biomedical fields and many other pharmaceutical industries. As a result, various mathematical and computational methods have been used to model gene regulatory network from microarray data. Amongst those methods, the Bayesian network model attracts the most attention and has become the prominent technique since it can capture nonlinear and stochastic relationships between variables. However, structure learning of this model is NP-hard and computationally complex as the number of potential edges increase drastically with the number of genes. In addition, most of the studies only focused on the predicted results while neglecting the fact that microarray data is a fragmented information on the whole biological process. Hence, this study proposed a network-based inference model that combined biological knowledge in order to verify the constructed gene regulatory relationships. The gene regulatory network is constructed using Bayesian network based on low-order conditional independence approach. This technique aims to identify from the data the dependencies to construct the network structure, while addressing the structure learning problem. In addition, three main toolkits such as Ensembl, TFSearch and TRANSFAC have been used to determine the false positive edges and verify reliability of regulatory relationships. The experimental results show that by integrating biological knowledge it could enhance the precision results and reduce the number of false positive edges in the trained gene regulatory network.