bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I don't want to take any risks even if it's gonna mean this service‐user is gonna be happier”: A thematic analysis of community support staff perspectives on delivering Transforming Care
Authors: Clifford Adam , Standen PJ , Jones Jo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundTransforming Care is making mixed progress in supporting people with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and complex needs, move to more appropriate specialist accommodations closer to home. Community support staff often spend greatest amounts of time with service‐users, yet are some of the least heard voices about why placements succeed and fail to varying extents.MethodManagers and support staff (n = 13), working in ostensibly “specialist” community placements, were interviewed about perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing Transforming Care. Transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants identified difficulties balancing people's rights, safety and quality of life needs, and felt the system's expectations of them are hard to deliver within the resources, legislation, values and support models provided them. Multidisciplinary expertise was highly valued for both emotional and practical support, but was least valued when perceived as overly blaming or inspectorial. Specialist health input was seen to withdraw prematurely for this particular client group.ConclusionRecommendations are provided for how staff perspectives should inform Transforming Care in interests of service‐users.
Psychological status and coping styles of caregivers of individuals with intellectual disability and psychiatric illness
Authors: Panicker Anuja S. , Ramesh Sonali 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe psychological status of caregivers of individuals with intellectual disability and psychiatric illness (PI) is important for effective management. The aim of this study was to examine the psychological status and its relationship with coping styles among these caregivers.Materials & MethodsCaregivers (N = 80) of individuals with intellectual disability (n = 40) and PI (n = 40) were administered a socio‐demographic questionnaire, depression, anxiety and stress scale and COPE Inventory.ResultsCaregivers experienced depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. These symptoms were found to be significantly higher among caregivers of individuals with intellectual disability than those with PI. The most common coping style used was religious coping. Use of positive reinterpretation and growth was associated with lower levels of depression and stress symptoms.ConclusionCaregivers’ mental health plays an important role in the quality of care delivery and outcome. Use of appropriate coping styles can reduce the impact of these symptoms.
How best to support individuals with IDD as they become frail: Development of a consensus statement
Authors: Ouellette‐Kuntz Hélène , Martin Lynn , Burke Eilish , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary , McGlinchey Eimear , Sandberg Magnus , Schoufour Josje , Shooshtari Shahin , Temple Bev 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile higher rates and earlier onset of frailty have been reported among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), research on how best to support these individuals is lacking.MethodAn international consultation relied on three consensus building methods: the Nominal Group Technique, an NIH consensus conference approach, and a Delphi survey.ResultsThere is agreement that person‐centered planning and aging in place should be guiding principles. Frailty must be considered earlier than in the general population with the recognition that improvement and maintenance are viable goals. Intersectoral collaboration is needed to coordinate assessments and actions. Safety and planning for the future are important planning considerations, as are the needs of caregivers. Ongoing research is needed.ConclusionThe statement offers guidance to respond to frailty among adults with IDD and fosters ongoing exchange internationally on best practice. As new evidence emerges, the statement should be revisited and revised.
Beliefs about intellectual disability among employees at a state facility and undergraduate students: An exploratory analysis
Authors: James Jessica S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with intellectual disability are subject to stigmatization, even among those providing services to them.MethodEmployees from an intermediate care facility (n = 97) and undergraduate students (n = 92) completed measures on their attitudes, beliefs of etiological causes and endorsement of helpful treatments and supports.ResultsOverall, participants reported few stigmatizing attitudes and high levels of support for interventions. Differences between employees and students emerged in regard to attitudes and causal beliefs, with employees reporting more support for sheltering and less endorsement of biomedical causes. Among students, those that reported knowing someone with intellectual disability reported less agreement with causal factors as well as differences in what supports were thought to be necessary or beneficial.ConclusionsAttitudes and beliefs are interrelated and while familiarity impacts these views, it does not necessarily lead to greater understanding or endorsement of treatments or supports. The effects of familiarity on attitudes and beliefs should continue to be explored.
Mixed‐methods study of reported clinical cases of undesirable events, medical errors, and near misses in health care
Authors: Dimova Rositsa , Stoyanova Rumyana , Doykov Ilian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesPatient safety is recognized as a key indicator of quality of medical care. International experience has shown that all efforts should focus on the delivery of a safer work environment and health care system as a whole in order to reduce or mitigate medical errors and their impact on society. The aim of this study is to investigate and classify the most common incidents regarding patient safety as well as their contributory factors, based on personal real‐life experiences and situations in medical care reported by health care professionals.MethodsA mixed‐methods study design was used. Sixty‐five respondents participated (aged from 23 to 58 y). Reported cases of undesirable events (UE), medical errors (ME), and near misses (NM) were collected, processed, and analysed based on our original conceptual framework. A qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics were conducted on the narratives in all 34 reported valid case files. Intercoder reliability was measured through the kappa statistics (κ = .69). The overall agreement of judgments on all codes was excellent (95%).ResultsA total of 29 MEs in 34 cases were reported. In 85% of them, an average of 1.83 contributory factors were identified. The most common contributory factors were “Incompetence,” “Neglect,” “Severe work overload,” and “Shortage of staff.”DiscussionImportant steps to prevent medical errors are their identification and reporting.ConclusionHealth care professionals appear able to report UEs, MEs, and NMs occurring in medical care practice. They seem more willing to report and distinguish incidents related to MEs than to UEs and NMs.
Lean non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients had comparable total caloric, carbohydrate, protein, fat, iron, sleep duration and overtime work as obese non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients
Authors: Li Chunlong , Guo Panpan , Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul , Ji Xiaoning , Huang Min , Qi Jiayue , Jiang Yongshuai , Feng Rennan , Li Rui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease that involves a complex interaction between genetics, diet, and lifestyle. Although closely related with obese subjects, it is also common in lean humans. This study aimed to characterize the diet and lifestyle of lean and obese NAFLD patients in China.MethodsTo characterize the diet and lifestyle of lean and obese NAFLD patients, we conducted a matched case–control study that included 351 Chinese adults. General characteristics, dietary intake, and lifestyle were gathered by using a valid and reliable dietary questionnaire. We compared the dietary intake and lifestyle between lean and obese NAFLD patients.ResultsAll NAFLD patients had more total caloric, calorigenic nutrients (carbohydrate, fat, and protein), grain, potato, fruit, and iron with higher levels of waist circumference and overtime work but shorter sleep duration than their corresponding controls. Particularly, lean NAFLD patients consumed comparable total caloric, calorigenic nutrients, iron, sleep duration, and overtime work as obese NAFLD patients, though they consumed lower levels of grain, potato, and fruit (lean NAFLD patients vs. obese NAFLD patients: mean ± SD, g/day grain: 291.8 ± 83.8, 365.2 ± 89.0; potato: 63.5 ± 33.1, 80.4 ± 37.6; fruit: 324.3 ± 148.4, 414.0 ± 220.4; P < 0.0001).ConclusionNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease patients had higher total caloric, calorigenic nutrients, grain, potato, fruit, iron, and overtime work but shorter sleep duration. Lean NAFLD patients had comparable total caloric, calorigenic nutrients, iron, sleep duration, and overtime work as obese NAFLD patients. These features could be used to the nutritional education and therapeutic guidance for lean NAFLD patients in the future.
Skin structure in newborn marsupials with focus on cutaneous gas exchange
Authors: Ferner Kirsten 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA morphological and morphometric study of the skin of a variety of newborn marsupials (Dasyurus viverrinus, Monodelphis domestica, Trichosurus vulpecula, Isoodon obesulus, Perameles nasuta, Phascolarctos cinereus, Potorous tridactylus, Petrogale penicillata, Thylogale thetidi, Macropus dorsalis) and of a monotreme hatchling (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) was undertaken to assess the possibility of cutaneous gas exchange. Additionally, the lungs of some of these species were investigated to assess its structural degree at birth. The skin in the different newborn marsupials and the monotreme hatchling had a similar structure (no hair follicles and no sebaceous or perspiratory glands) and was in all cases less developed than the skin of altricial eutherians. The thickness of the entire skin (36–186 μm) and its different layers, epidermis (6–29 μm) and dermis (29–171 μm) varied among the marsupial species and reflected the differences in size and developmental degree of the neonates. In the skin of all marsupial neonates and the monotreme hatchling, numerous superficial cutaneous capillaries were encountered, some closely associated with the epidermis, indicating the possibility that the skin participated in gaseous exchange. The skin of the newborn D. viverrinus had the highest capillary volume density and shortest skin diffusion barrier of all marsupial neonates, suggesting that skin gas exchange in the dasyurid neonate might be the most pronounced. A graduation of the skin capillary density among the marsupial neonates inversely followed the respective lung structure and general developmental degree of the neonates.
Nudge‐nudge, WNK‐WNK (kinases), say no more?
Authors: Cao‐Pham Anh H. , Urano Daisuke , Ross‐Elliott Timothy J. , Jones Alan M. 
Published: June 2018

Contents

Summary
35

I
Overview of animal and plant WNK kinases
35

II.
Structure: domains and topology
36

III.
Phylogeny–evolutionary relationships
41

IV.
Plant WNK kinase distribution and regulation of WNK expression and activity
41

V.
Functions of WNK family members in physiology and development
41

VI.
Say no more? Still many questions to be answered
45

Acknowledgements
46

References
46

SummaryWITH NO LYSINE (WNK) kinases are serine/threonine kinases uniquely characterized by an anomalous placement of a catalytic lysine, hence their moniker. In animals, WNK protein kinases play critical roles in protein trafficking of components that mediate renal ion transport processes and regulate osmoregulation of cell volume. In plants, the WNK kinase gene family is larger and more diverse. Recent studies revealed WNK kinase roles in orchestrating the trafficking of an ion channel, a lipid kinase complex in animals, and a heterotrimeric G protein signaling component in plants that is necessary for signal transduction. For this reason, new attention is geared toward investigating the mechanisms adopted by WNK kinases to nudge intracellular proteins to their destinations. In this review, the functions of WNK kinases in protein trafficking are derived from what we have learned from the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. To place this new idea in context, we provide the predicted WNK kinase structures, their predicted expression patterns, a speculated evolutionary pathway, and the regulatory roles of plant WNKs in transport processes and other physiologies. We brazenly predict that the WNK kinases in both plants and animals will soon be recognized as a nexus for trafficking‐based signal transduction.
Socioeconomic influences on brain function: implications for health
Authors: Muscatell Keely A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSocioeconomic‐based disparities in physical health outcomes are well established, with individuals from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds being more likely to experience chronic disease morbidity and early mortality compared to those from higher SES strata. While numerous studies in recent decades have focused on understanding the contextual, psychosocial, and biological mechanisms linking SES and health, the neural pathways that contribute to this relationship are currently underinvestigated. The present paper reviews and synthesizes the small number of published studies that have explored links between SES and health‐relevant neural functioning. Specifically, current knowledge of the relationship between socioeconomic factors and neural systems that may be affected by low SES contexts, including those related to processing threat and stress, responding to reward, and engaging in emotion regulation, is reviewed. Gaps in our knowledge that could be filled by health neuroscience research are emphasized, in an effort to catalyze future studies in this area. Understanding the neural mechanisms linking SES and health is crucial for building comprehensive models of the pathways by which social inequalities become health inequalities and may help identify novel targets for intervention to prevent health disparities. Health neuroscience research has a critical role to play in this important area of research.
Amelogenesis imperfecta: A novel FAM83H mutation and characteristics of periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Nowwarote Nunthawan , Theerapanon Thanakorn , Osathanon Thanaphum , Pavasant Prasit , Porntaveetus Thantrira , Shotelersuk Vorasuk 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo delineate orodental features, dental mineral density, genetic aetiology and cellular characteristics associated with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI).Materials and MethodsThree affected patients in a family were recruited. Whole‐exome sequencing was used to identify mutations confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The proband's teeth were subjected for mineral density analysis by microcomputerised tomography and characterisation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs).ResultsThe patients presented yellow‐brown, pitted and irregular enamel. A novel nonsense mutation, c.1261G>T, p.E421*, in exon 5 of the FAM83H was identified. The mineral density of the enamel was significantly decreased in the proband. The patient's PDLCs (FAM83H cells) exhibited reduced ability of cell proliferation and colony‐forming unit compared with controls. The formation of stress fibres was remarkably present. Upon cultured in osteogenic induction medium, FAM83H cells, at day 7 compared to day 3, had a significant reduction of BSP, COL1 and OCN mRNA expression and no significant change in RUNX2. The upregulation of ALP mRNA levels and mineral deposition were comparable between FAM83H and control cells.ConclusionsWe identified the novel mutation in FAM83H associated with autosomal dominant hypocalcified AI. The FAM83H cells showed reduced cell proliferation and expression of osteogenic markers, suggesting altered PDLCs in FAM83H‐associated AI.
Salivary fetuin‐A, S100A12, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels in periodontal diseases
Authors: Ersin Kalkan Reyhan , Öngöz Dede Figen , Gökmenoğlu Ceren , Kara Cankat 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimHs‐CRP, fetuin‐A, and S100A12 are acute‐phase proteins associated with many systemic diseases and conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical parameters and salivary Hs‐CRP, fetuin‐A, and S100A12 levels before and after nonsurgical periodontal treatments in the patients with periodontal diseases.Materials and MethodsA total of 54 subjects were divided into three groups of 18 patients each: periodontally healthy, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis. Clinical periodontal parameters; salivary Hs‐CRP, fetuin‐A, and S100A12 levels; and salivary flow rates were evaluated at baseline and a month after the treatments.ResultsFetuin‐A and S100A12 were significantly lower and Hs‐CRP levels were significantly higher in the chronic periodontitis and gingivitis groups than in the control group at baseline (p < 0.01). For the gingivitis and chronic periodontitis groups, the posttreatment levels of salivary fetuin‐A and S100A12 were higher than the baseline levels of the same (p < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between Hs‐CRP and fetuin‐A and Hs‐CRP and S100A12 (p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between fetuin‐A and S100A12 (p < 0.05) at baseline.ConclusionsSalivary fetuin‐A and S100A12 levels decreased with increasing severity of periodontal disease. These results suggest that salivary fetuin‐A may play an important role as a negative acute‐phase protein in periodontal diseases.
Awareness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation among parents of 3‐year‐old children
Authors: Uehara Ritei , Shinohara Ryoji , Akiyama Yuka , Ichikawa Kaori , Ojima Toshiyuki , Matsuura Kencho , Yamazaki Yoshihisa , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundOut‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in infants or toddlers mainly occurs at home. Therefore, parents should be able to perform immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when they witness OHCA. The status of knowledge regarding CPR among parents, however, remains unclear. The aim of the present study was therefore to determine the factors associated with awareness of CPR in parents of 3‐year‐old children.MethodsWe analyzed a subset of data from a population‐based, cross‐sectional survey that served as an evaluation of a national campaign for maternal and child health in Japan. The questionnaire was distributed to 32 897 parents who visited public health centers for medical check‐ups for their children in 2013. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out using the obtained demographic data.ResultsOverall, 26 971 parents (82.0%) responded to the questionnaire. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, birth order of the child, age of the mother at delivery, awareness of medical facilities for emergency services at night or during the weekend, current occupation status of the mother, and current economic status were independently associated with CPR awareness. When the mother was employed but the parents felt economically insufficient, the probability of having CPR knowledge decreased by 19%. Regardless of the parents’ economic stability, the probability of having CPR knowledge declined by >35% when the mother was unemployed.ConclusionsThe current occupation status of mothers and the current parent economic status should be considered when planning educational strategies regarding CPR training for parents.
Increased use of third‐generation cephalosporin antibiotics in the outpatient setting in Korean children and adolescents
Authors: Song Inmyung , Park Sang Jun , Byun Seong Jun , Choe Young‐June , Shin Ju‐Young 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is a concern to public health, and controlling antibiotic use is therefore important. This study analyzed the trend in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in children and adolescents in Korea.MethodsUsing National Prescribing Sample data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014, we analyzed outpatient systemic antibiotic (anatomical therapeutic chemical [ATC] J01) prescriptions in patients aged 2–17 years. The antibiotic rate was defined as the proportion of all outpatient prescriptions for antibiotics. We calculated absolute and relative differences with 95%CI between 2010 and 2014 in the antibiotic rate by age group (2–6, 7–11, and 12–17 years) and the percentage of antibiotic prescriptions by antibiotic class. Seven of the most commonly used antibiotic drugs were identified based on defined daily dose.ResultsA total of 7 261 176 prescriptions were written for 1 039 756 pediatric patients between 2010 and 2014. The antibiotic rate in all patients increased from 34.8% in 2010 to 70.4% in 2014, resulting in the relative difference of 102.1% (95%CI: 101.7–102.5). Extended spectrum penicillins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic class, accounting for 40.0–41.0% of all antibiotic prescriptions. The use of third‐generation cephalosporins increased steeply with the relative difference of 55.7% (95%CI: 55.2–56.2). Amoxicillin/clavulanate, an extended spectrum antibiotic drug, was the predominately used antibiotic drug but the use of cefpodoxime, a third‐generation cephalosporin, increased by 96%.ConclusionsThe use of outpatient antibiotics, especially third‐generation cephalosporins, has increased in children and adolescents in Korea.
Rb–Sr Dating of Gold‐Bearing Pyrite in the Jinchang Porphyry Cu–Au Deposit, Heilongjiang Province, NE China
Authors: Zhang Peng , Kou Linlin , Bi Zhongwei , Han Renping , Zhao Yan , Sha Deming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Jinchang Cu–Au deposit in Heilongjiang Province, NE China, is located in the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Rb–Sr analyses of auriferous pyrite from the deposit yielded an isochron age of 113.7 ±2.5 Ma, consistent with previously reported Re–Os ages. Both sets of ages represent the timing of Cu–Au mineralization because (i) the pyrite was separated from quartz–sulfide veins of the mineralization stage in granite porphyry; (ii) fluid inclusions have relatively high Rb, Sr, and Os content, allowing precise measurement; (iii) there are no other mineral inclusions or secondary fluids in pyrite to disturb the Rb–Sr or Re–Os decay systems; and (iv) the closure temperatures of the two decay systems are ≥500°C (compared with the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions of 230–510°C). It is proposed that ore‐forming components were derived from mantle–crust mixing, with ore‐forming fluids being mainly exsolved from magmas with minor amounts of meteoric water. The age of mineralization at Jinchang and in the adjacent regions, combined with the tectonic evolution of the northeast China epicontinental region, indicates that the formation of the Jinchang porphyry Cu–Au deposit was associated with Early Cretaceous subduction of the paleo‐Pacific Plate.