bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local-Scale Valley Wind Retrieval Using an Artificial Neural Network Applied to Routine Weather Observations
Authors: Dupuy Florian , Duine Gert-Jan , Durand Pierre , Hedde Thierry , Roubin Pierre , Pardyjak Eric 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe hereby present a new method with which to nowcast a thermally driven, downvalley wind using an artificial neural network (ANN) based on remote observations. The method allows the retrieval of wind speed and direction. The ANN was trained and evaluated using a 3-month winter-period dataset of routine weather observations made in and above the valley. The targeted valley winds feature two main directions (91% of the total dataset) that are aligned with the valley axis. They result from downward momentum transport, channeling mechanisms, and thermally driven flows. A selection procedure of the most pertinent ANN input variables, among the routine observations, highlighted three key variables: a potential temperature difference between the top and the bottom of the valley and the two wind components above the valley. These variables are directly related to the mechanisms that generate the valley winds. The performance of the ANN method improves on an earlier-proposed nowcasting method, based solely on a vertical temperature difference, as well as a multilinear regression model. The assessment of the wind speed and direction indicates good performance (i.e., wind speed bias of −0.28 m s−1 and 84% of calculated directions stray from observations by less than 45°). Major sources of error are due to the misrepresentation of cross-valley winds and very light winds. The validated method was then successfully applied to a 1-yr period with a similar performance. Potentially, this method could be used to downscale valley wind characteristics for unresolved valleys in mesoscale simulations.
Effects of Social Media Marketing and Selected Marketing Constructs on Stages of Brand Loyalty
Authors: Salem Suha Fouad , Salem Sharif Omar 
Published: March 2019

The main purpose of this study is to examine the antecedents of brand loyalty in the context of fast fashion industry. This study also highlights the role of social media (SM) marketing on value consciousness (VC), brand love (BL) and brand consciousness (BC). A self-structured questionnaire survey method was employed to collect data from 240 customers in Malaysia. Statistical analysis is performed based on the PLS-SEM approach to analyze the data. The results reveal that SM marketing has a significant effect on BC and BL in the fast fashion industry. The result demonstrates that SM has indirect positive impact on different stages of brand loyalty through BL and BC. This study is the first that investigates the impacts of social network marketing activities, VC, BL and BC on stages of brand loyalty. The findings can help marketers develop effective marketing strategies in order to build brand loyalty especially in the fast fashion industry.
Psychiatrist burnout: a meta-analysis of Maslach Burnout Inventory means
Authors: Rotstein Sarah , Hudaib Abdul-Rahman , Facey Adam , Kulkarni Jayashri 
Published: March 2019

Background: Doctors are known to have poor mental health compared with the general population. Psychiatrists are exposed to a number of unique stressors that may increase the risk of poor mental health. The aim of this study was to undertake a meta-analysis of burnout rates in psychiatrists. Methods: Electronic databases (including MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) were searched. Only studies published since 1999 and using the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory were included in the analysis. A meta-analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: A total of 11 studies, across nine publications, were included in the final analysis. Studies were significantly heterogenous but there was no indication of publication bias. The pooled mean for emotional exhaustion was 22.03 (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.71–24.34, tau = 3.74). For depersonalisation, the pooled mean was 7.41 (95% CI: 5.91–8.90, tau = 2.45). The pooled mean for personal accomplishment was 30.00 (95% CI: 24.75–35.27, tau = 8.87). Conclusions: The high level of psychiatrist emotional exhaustion is a significant concern. Further research is needed to consider the role of modifiable risk factors in the aetiology of psychiatrist burnout.
The geography of a controversial diagnosis: A bibliographic analysis of published academic perspectives on ‘paediatric bipolar disorder’
Authors: Parry Peter , Allison Stephen , Bastiampillai Tarun 
Published: March 2019

Background: The hypothesis that bipolar disorder presents before puberty with atypical mania has proved to be controversial. Published academic perspectives on the validity of Paediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD) appear to vary between the United States and the rest of the world. Methods: We examined the perspectives of articles citing four seminal articles. The citing articles were grouped as either supportive or non-supportive of the PBD hypothesis, and the perspectives of the articles by US authors were compared with those by non-US authors. Results: There were 787 citing articles commenting on PBD, mostly published in US-based journals. Most authors were affiliated with several US institutions. Among the 624 articles with US authorship, the majority (83%) supported PBD. Of the 163 articles by non-US authors, most (60%) supported the traditional view that bipolar disorders are rare before mid-adolescence. Published academic perspectives in favour of the PBD hypothesis are mostly concentrated in several US institutions. Conclusion: There is majority support for PBD among citing articles from the United States, whereas the traditional perspective predominates in articles from most other countries.
Development of an Occupational Risk Assessment Tool for Laboratory Animal Facilities
Authors: Clayton April M. , Hayes James , Lathrop George W. , Powell Nathaniel 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Laboratory animal facilities aim to provide excellence in animal care and welfare and support scientific research. Critical to these goals is to ensure a safe work environment for personnel comprising veterinary and animal care, laboratory research, and maintenance staff. Objective: Thus, performing occupational risk assessments allows for evaluation of risks from identified hazards associated with a variety of tasks ongoing in laboratory animal facilities. Methods: Herein, we present the development of an occupational risk assessment tool purposed to capture the dynamics of work performed in laboratory animal facilities, calculate and prioritize identified risks associated with procedures and processes, and inform and evaluate risk mitigations. Results: We also discuss a risk assessment for refining sharps use in nonhuman primate husbandry and care to demonstrate the utility of this tool to improve occupational safety in our animal facility. Conclusion: This tool and framework evolve into a holistic occupational risk management system that identifies, evaluates, and mitigates occupational risks; determines risk acceptability; consistently ensures communication and consultation with frontline personnel, stakeholders, senior leadership, and subject matter experts in biosafety, science, and animal care and welfare; and continuously strives to improve and enhance the operations of laboratory animal facilities.
Fast Quality Assessment of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction: Influence of Flower Development Stage
Authors: Rafieiolhossaini Mohammad , Adams An , Sodaeizadeh Hamid , Van Damme Patrick , De Kimpe Norbert 
Published: March 2019

For an adequate quality evaluation of aromatic plants grown under different conditions, a rapid, simple and sensitive method for the analysis of volatile constituents is indispensable. The main objective of the present study was to compare fast screening of German chamomile ( Matricaria chamomilla L.) by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with conventional isolation of the essential oil (steam distillation-solvent extraction (SDSE)) for the differentiation of chamomile essential oil constituents. Flowers were harvested at two distinct development stages: stage I, when ligulate flowers start to develop and tubular flowers are still closed, and stage II, when tubular flowers are partially to completely opened. Dried chamomile flowers at two development stages were extracted by means of both SDSE and HS-SPME, followed by GC-MS analysis. Among 30 compounds detected, ( E)-β-farnesene (49%), artemisia ketone (10%) and germacrene D (9%) were the predominant volatile components in the HS-SPME-extract, while α-bisabolol oxide A (42%), chamazulene (21%) and ( Z)-spiroether (8%) were the main essential oil constituents among the 13 compounds obtained by SDSE. After statistical analysis of the data, both techniques enabled the same conclusion: ( E)-β-farnesene was the only compound which showed significant differences between the two flower development stages. These results suggest that HS-SPME-GC-MS can be used as a sensitive technique for the rapid screening and quality assessment of M. chamomilla.
Composition of the Essential Oils and Antibacterial Activities of Hymenocrater yazdianus, Stachys obtusicrena and Nepeta asterotricha Three Labiatae Herbs Growing Wild in Iran
Authors: Masoudi Shiva , Rustaiyan Abdolhossein , Mohebat Razieh , Mosslemin Mohammad Hossein 
Published: March 2019

Water-distilled essential oils from leaves of Hymenocrater yazdianus Rech.f., flowers of Stachys obtusicrena Boiss., and stems and flowers of Nepeta asterotricha Rech.f, which are endemic to Iran, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-five components of the leaf oil of H. yazdianus were characterized, representing 95.1% of the total components detected. The major constituents were identified as 1,8-cineole (17.6%), β-caryophyllene (13.9%), α-pinene (10.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (10.4%). Germacrene-D (37.5%) and α-bisabolol (23.5%) were the main components among the twenty constituents characterized in the flower oil of S. obtusicrena, representing 90.8% of the total components detected. Thirty-five compounds representing 93.0% of the stem oil of N. asterotrica were identified among which terpinen-4-ol (22.8%) and γ-terpinene (14.1%) were the major ones. The flower oil of the species was characterized by higher amounts of terpinen-4-ol (24.8%), 4aα, 7aβ-nepetalactone (18.2%) and 1,8-cineole (11.6%) among the thirty-three components comprising 98.5% of the total oil detected. The antibacterial activity of the stem, leaf and flower oils of Hymenocrater yazdianus, Stachys obtusicrena and Nepeta asterotricha against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were determined using the MIC method. The growth inhibitory zone (mm) was also measured.
Aurones: Interesting Natural and Synthetic Compounds with Emerging Biological Potential
Authors: Zwergel Clemens , Gaascht François , Valente Sergio , Diederich Marc , Bagrel Denyse , Kirsch Gilbert 
Published: March 2019

Aurones [2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-ones] are either natural or synthetic compounds, belonging to the flavonoid family. They are isomeric to flavones and provide a bright yellow color to the plants in which they occur. Today, a literature survey indicates that the related flavonoids have been studied not only for their physiological properties and effects on Nature, but also for their therapeutic potential. Aurones are recently attracting the interest of an increasing number of research groups, and, since the last review, some interesting advances have been made in understanding the aurones. In this review, we report the recent advances made on the synthetic routes towards aurones. We also highlight their activity in different biological areas, as well as applied genetic plant modifications to produce these colored compounds. Their synthesis, structure–activity relationships and the importance of the substitution pattern will also be mentioned. Finally, some aspects regarding the possible development of aurones will be discussed briefly.
Interactions of Calix[n]arenes with Nucleic Acids
Authors: Peters Max Sena , Li Miao , Schrader Thomas 
Published: March 2019

DNA interaction with artificial binders is of great interest, especially in light of the broad range of possible biomedical applications. The growing understanding of replication, transcription and translation opened the path for new approaches to target pathological effects at a very early stage. Meanwhile, the competitive binding to nucleic acids by designed molecules, which, for example, block certain sequences for natural binders, such as transcription factors, has become a promising concept in the context of gene therapy. On the other extreme, the transport of nucleic acids over the cell membrane into the nucleus by transfection agents opens the possibility to reprogram protein biosynthesis within host cells. In the past decades several substance classes have been developed for a noncovalent specific DNA binding with predictable biological effects, such as peptide nucleic acids or polyamide ligands. Calixarenes have not received so much attention, although they consist of a compact aromatic core tuneable in size, and allow the introduction of cationic functionalities at their upper and lower rims. Formerly being utilized as receptor moieties due to the possibility of complexating guests in their cavities, calixarenes are now also used as molecular scaffolds for multivalent ligands and are, therefore, suitable tools for cooperative DNA complexation. This review surveys specific supramolecular interactions between calixarene derivatives and nucleic acids, with an emphasis on structural elements in the calixarenes and the biological consequences of their complex formation with DNA strands.
PD-L1 gene alterations identify a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma harboring a T-cell–inflamed phenotype
Authors: Godfrey James , Tumuluru Sravya , Bao Riyue , Leukam Michael , Venkataraman Girish , Phillip John , Fitzpatrick Carrie , McElherne James , MacNabb Brendan W. , Orlowski Robert , Smith Sonali M. , Kline Justin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on malignant cells is a dominant immune escape mechanism across a variety of human cancers. A unique genetic mechanism underlying PD-L1 upregulation has been uncovered in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), in which copy gains of the chromosomal region (9p24.1) containing the programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2 are recurrently observed. While chromosome 9p24.1 copy-number alterations are ubiquitous in cHL, they also occur in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), albeit with a lower incidence. Here, fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to identify DLBCLs harboring PD-L1 gene alterations, thereby enabling a characterization of the immunogenomic landscape of these lymphomas. Among 105 DLBCL cases analyzed, PD-L1 alterations were identified in 27%. PD-L1 alterations were highly enriched among non–germinal center DLBCLs and exhibited robust PD-L1 protein expression. These lymphomas were heavily infiltrated by clonally restricted T cells and frequently downregulated human leukocyte antigen expression. RNA sequencing of PD-L1–altered DLBCLs revealed upregulation of genes involved in negative T-cell regulation and NF-κB pathway activation, while whole-exome sequencing identified frequent mutations in genes involved in antigen presentation and T-cell costimulation. Many of these findings were validated in a large external data set. Interestingly, DLBCL patients with PD-L1 alterations had inferior progression-free survival following front-line chemoimmunotherapy; however, in the relapsed/refractory setting, PD-L1 alterations were associated with response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Collectively, our results indicate that PD-L1 alterations identify a unique biological subset of DLBCL in which an endogenous antilymphoma immune response has been activated, and that is associated with responsiveness to PD-1 blockade therapy.
Establishing Cohorts to Generate the Evidence Base to Reduce the Burden of Breast Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa: Results From a Feasibility Study in Kenya
Authors: Subramanian Sujha , Gakunga Robai , Jones Madeleine D. , Kinyanjui Asaph , Ochieng' Emily , Gikaara Nancy , Maluni Florence , Wata David , Korir Anne , Mutebi Miriam , Ali Zipporah 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE By 2025, Kenya is estimated to experience a two-thirds increase in the incidence of breast cancer. Local research is necessary to generate evidence to inform policy, public health, and medical practice. There have been no longitudinal cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa of women with and without breast cancer. Our aim is to assess the feasibility of conducting cohort studies in Kenya that consider clinical characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and self-care behaviors. METHODS We initiated a short-term follow-up cohort study of women with and without a diagnosis of breast cancer with baseline face-to-face data collection and one follow-up interview (at approximately 3 months by telephone). We developed tailored instruments to capture demographics, socioeconomic factors, breast cancer risk, ability to identify breast cancer symptoms, treatments received for breast cancer, and quality of life of survivors. RESULTS We recruited 800 women between the ages of 20 and 60 years and successfully collected baseline data. Completeness of the data was high for demographic variables, but there was a larger proportion of missing information for specific variables required for assessing breast cancer risk. Respondents were able to complete standardized instruments to assess breast cancer knowledge among those without breast cancer and identification of symptoms among survivors. We were able to successfully contact approximately 80% of the participants for follow-up. CONCLUSION This short-term follow-up study provides evidence that women can be successfully tracked and contacted for follow-up in the Kenyan setting and offers lessons to establish future longitudinal cohorts to identify approaches to improve breast cancer outcomes.
Monitoring and Developing a Volunteer Patient Navigation Intervention to Improve Mammography Compliance in a Safety Net Hospital
Authors: Margulies Ilana G. , Zwillenberg Judith , Chadda Anisha , Gissel Hannah , Lettera Michael , Bender Sarah , Wallack Marc K. , Srinivasan Anitha 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE: Although mammography screening is crucial for cancer detection, screening rates have been declining, particularly in patients of low socioeconomic status and minorities. We sought to evaluate and improve the compliance rates at our safety net hospital through a prospective randomized controlled trial of a volunteer-run patient navigation intervention. METHODS: Baseline 90-day institutional mammography compliance rates were evaluated for patients who received a physician order for screening mammograms over a 1-month period. This analysis aided in the creation of a prospective randomized controlled trial of a volunteer-run patient navigation intervention to improve compliance, with 49 total participants. The primary outcome was 14-day mammography compliance rates. Secondary analysis examined the efficacy of the intervention with respect to patient demographics, prior mammography compliance, family history of cancer, beliefs on mammography, and past medical history. RESULTS: Analysis of baseline institutional compliance revealed a 47.87% compliance rate, with the majority of compliance occurring within 14 days of order placement. The patient navigation intervention significantly improved compliance by 34% (42% in the control group, 76% in the intervention group). Additional findings included significantly improved compliance in patients who believed they had a low susceptibility to cancer, those who understood the benefits of mammography and early diagnosis, those who had a prior mammogram, those who were employed, and those with a family history of cancer. CONCLUSION: A system to monitor compliance and intervene using patient navigation significantly improved mammography compliance of patients in a safety net hospital. The relatively straightforward design of this volunteer-based intervention makes it affordable, easily replicable, and perhaps beneficial at other institutions.
Epigenetic inactivation of miR-203 as a key step in neural crest epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Sánchez-Vásquez Estefanía , Bronner Marianne E. , Strobl-Mazzulla Pablo H. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
miR-203 is a tumor-suppressor microRNA with known functions in cancer metastasis. Here, we explore its normal developmental role in the context of neural crest development. During the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of neural crest cells to emigrate from the neural tube, miR-203 displays a reciprocal expression pattern with key regulators of neural crest delamination, Phf12 and Snail2, and interacts with their 3′UTRs. We show that ectopic maintenance of miR-203 inhibits neural crest migration in chick, whereas its functional inhibition using a ‘sponge’ vector or morpholinos promotes premature neural crest delamination. Bisulfite sequencing further shows that epigenetic repression of miR-203 is mediated by the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B, the recruitment of which to regulatory regions on the miR-203 locus is directed by SNAIL2 in a negative-feedback loop. These findings reveal an important role for miR-203 in an epigenetic-microRNA regulatory network that influences the timing of neural crest delamination.
A novel pancreatic cancer model originated from transformation of acinar cells in adult tree shrew, a primate-like animal
Authors: Tu Qiu , Yang Dong , Zhang Xianning , Jia Xintong , An Sanqi , Yan Lanzhen , Dai Hongjuan , Ma Yuhua , Tang Chengwei , Tong Weimin , Hou Zongliu , Lv Longbao , Tan Jing , Zhao Xudong 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal common cancers. The cell of origin of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been controversial, and recent evidence suggested acinar cells as the most probable candidate. However, the genetic alterations driving the transformation of pancreatic acinar cells in fully mature animals remain to be deciphered. In this study, lentivirus was used as a tool to introduce genetic engineering in tree shrew pancreatic acinar cells to explore the driver mutation essential for malignant transformation, establishing a novel tree shrew PDAC model, because we found that lentivirus could selectively infect acinar cells in tree shrew pancreas. Combination of oncogenic KRASG12D expression and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes Tp53, Cdkn2a and Cdkn2b could induce pancreatic cancer with full penetrance. Silencing of Cdkn2b is indispensable for Rb1 phosphorylation and tumor induction. Tree shrew PDAC possesses the main histological and molecular features of human PDAC. The gene expression profile of tree shrew PDAC was more similar to human disease than a mouse model. In conclusion, we established a novel pancreatic cancer model in tree shrew and identified driver mutations indispensable for PDAC induction from acinar cells in mature adults, demonstrating the essential roles of Cdkn2b in the induction of PDAC originating from adult acinar cells. Tree shrew could thus provide a better choice than mouse for a PDAC model derived from acinar cells in fully mature animals.