bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of first morning urine specific gravity in 103 healthy dogs
Authors: Rudinsky Adam , Cortright Catherine , Purcell Sally , Cordner Amy , Lord Linda , Wellman Maxey , DiBartola Stephen , Chew Dennis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundUrine specific gravity (USG) is an integral part of the urinalysis and a key component of many clinical decisions, and fluctuations in USG have the potential to impact case management.ObjectivesTo determine the intraindividual variability of first morning USG results in healthy dogs.AnimalsOne hundred three healthy client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs were deemed healthy based on clinical history and physical examination findings. Repeated USG measurements were performed over the course of 2 weeks. Three urine samples were collected each week for a total of 6 samples per dog. Sample collection was distributed evenly throughout the week. Urine samples were acquired immediately upon waking and before any ingestion of liquids, food, or exertion of physical activity in the dogs. All measurements were made using the same Misco digital refractometer.ResultsIntraindividual USG was variable over the course of the study. The mean difference between the minimum and maximum USG for each dog was 0.015 (SD, 0.007). The within‐week difference between the minimum and maximum USG was less than over the complete 2‐week study (0.009 [SD 0.006] for week 1 and 0.010 [SD 0.007] for week 2). The mean coefficient of variance across all 6 time points was 15.4% (SD 8.97%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceClinically important variation occurs in USG in healthy animals and might impact clinical decision‐making when diagnostic cutoff points are utilized. Clinicians should be aware of inherent variability in this clinical variable when analyzing results.
Dietary probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M modulates the intestinal microbiota and stimulates intestinal immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Al‐Hisnawi Ali , Rodiles Ana , Rawling Mark D. , Castex Mathieu , Waines Paul , Gioacchini Georgia , Carnevali Oliana , Merrifield Daniel L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic effect of Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish (310 ± 9 g) were fed a control diet or a P. acidilactici‐supplemented diet (at 2.4 × 106 CFU/g) for 4 weeks. The probiotic was observed to populate the intestine with levels ranging from log 3.7 to 5.4 CFU/g. Furthermore, these populations were able to persist for at least 24 hr after the cessation of probiotic feeding. High‐throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA libraries demonstrated that P. acidilactici was able to modulate the gut microbiome of rainbow trout and that the probiotic was detected as a common taxon on the mucosa and in the digesta of the probiotic fish (p < .05). Real‐time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that feeding the probiotic upregulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines, interleukin‐1β, and interleukin‐8 and downregulated anti‐inflammatory interleukin‐10 compared to the control‐fed fish. Furthermore, the mRNA levels for the mucosal antibody immunoglobulin T was also elevated in probiotic‐fed fish. These findings help to explain some of the mechanisms behind the previously reported observed benefits of using this probiotic in the intestinal morphology and immunity of rainbow trout.
Inflammation—The role of ATP in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Fodor Paul , White Benjamin , Khan Raheela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSterile inflammation may be initiated by molecules in the host organism that signal “damage” or “danger” also known as danger‐associated molecular pattern (DAMPs). In pre‐eclampsia (PE), a variety of DAMPs may be involved in the etiology or exacerbation of the disorder. Adenosine 5’‐triphosphate (ATP) is a key intracellular energy molecule as well as a ligand for purinergic receptors. In humans, under physiological conditions, extracellular ATP (eATP) levels are distinctly low, but can rise to several hundred fold when cells become injured, stressed, or even necrotic. This often initiates a sterile inflammatory response with eATP acting as a DAMP. Extracellular ATP and its derivative nucleotides synthetized by endonucleotidases exhibit many of their effects through purinergic receptors, via inflammatory cascades and the production of proinflammatory molecules. This is clearly seen in the P2X7 gated receptor, which is linked to release of cytokines of the interleukin‐1 family. Considering its fundamental role in innate immunity, an imbalance of P2X7 receptor activation may lead to deleterious effects in the coordination of placental vessel tone via the synthesis of various proinflammatory cytokines. This review explores the implication of DAMPs, specifically ATP and uric acid in the inflammation associated with PE.
Childhood obesity intervention studies: A narrative review and guide for investigators, authors, editors, reviewers, journalists, and readers to guard against exaggerated effectiveness claims
Authors: Brown Andrew W. , Altman Douglas G. , Baranowski Tom , Bland J. Martin , Dawson John A. , Dhurandhar Nikhil V. , Dowla Shima , Fontaine Kevin R. , Gelman Andrew , Heymsfield Steven B. , Jayawardene Wasantha , Keith Scott W. , Kyle Theodore K. , Loken Eric , Oakes J. Michael , Stevens June , Thomas Diana M. , Allison David B. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBeing able to draw accurate conclusions from childhood obesity trials is important to make advances in reversing the obesity epidemic. However, obesity research sometimes is not conducted or reported to appropriate scientific standards. To constructively draw attention to this issue, we present 10 errors that are commonly committed, illustrate each error with examples from the childhood obesity literature, and follow with suggestions on how to avoid these errors. These errors are as follows: using self‐reported outcomes and teaching to the test; foregoing control groups and risking regression to the mean creating differences over time; changing the goal posts; ignoring clustering in studies that randomize groups of children; following the forking paths, subsetting, p‐hacking, and data dredging; basing conclusions on tests for significant differences from baseline; equating “no statistically significant difference” with “equally effective”; ignoring intervention study results in favor of observational analyses; using one‐sided testing for statistical significance; and stating that effects are clinically significant even though they are not statistically significant. We hope that compiling these errors in one article will serve as the beginning of a checklist to support fidelity in conducting, analyzing, and reporting childhood obesity research.
A novel transalveolar approach for retrieval of displaced tooth roots from the maxillary sinus using a modified suction catheter: technical note
Authors: Cheng H. , Sproat C. , Patel N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim is to introduce a novel transalveolar technique for retrieval of tooth roots from the maxillary antrum using a modified flexible suction catheter.MethodThe displaced root is confirmed using plain radiographs and the patient is placed on a preoperative antral regime of broad‐spectrum antibiotics, analgesics and nasal decongestants for one week. On the day of the operation, the precise location of the root is identified using a small volume pre‐operative cone beam computed tomogram (CBCT). A buccal mucoperiosteal flap is raised to allow visualisation and exploration of the existing extraction socket. The dentoalveolar socket is expanded using a fissure bur in a surgical handpiece to allow access to the sinus. A modified flexible fine bore suction catheter is inserted into the sinus and directed to the location of the root to enable retrieval. The socket is then flushed with saline until the root is dislodged and captured at the tip of the catheter. The socket is closed in a tension free manner with a buccal advancement flap. The antral regime prescribed pre‐operatively is continued for one week post‐operatively.ResultsThis technique is currently practised at Guy's Hospital under local anaesthetic, intravenous sedation and general anaesthetic. This minimally invasive technique preserves alveolar bone and offers fewer complications than the Caldwell‐Luc. It allows immediate retrieval of displaced tooth roots from the maxillary sinus and is best applied when healing has not yet taken place.ConclusionThe combination of CBCT and this transalveolar approach using a modified flexible suction catheter should be considered in all cases where roots are to be retrieved from the maxillary sinus to reduce surgical morbidity.
Cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections due to enterococcal species: Clinical features, management, and outcomes
Authors: Oh Timothy S. , Le Katherine , Baddour Larry M. , Sohail M. Rizwan , Vikram Holenarasipur R. , Hernandez‐Meneses Marta , Miro Jose M. , Prutkin Jordan M. , Greenspon Arnold J. , Carrillo Roger G. , Danik Stephen B. , Naber Christoph K. , Blank Elisabeth , Tseng Chi‐Hong , Uslan Daniel Z. , Peacock James E. ,   The MEDIC (Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Infection Cohort) Investigators
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnterococcal cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are not well characterized.MethodsData from the Multicenter Electrophysiologic Device Infection Cohort, a prospective study of CIED infections, were used for descriptive analysis of adults with enterococcal CIED infections.ResultsOf 433 patients, 21 (4.8%) had enterococcal CIED infection. Median age was 71 years. Twelve patients (57%) had permanent pacemakers, five (24%) implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and four (19%) biventricular devices. Median time from last procedure to infection was 570 days. CIED‐related bloodstream infections occurred in three patients (14%) and 18 (86%) had infective endocarditis (IE), 14 (78%) of which were definite by the modified Duke criteria. IE cases were classified as follows: valvular IE, four; lead IE, eight; both valve and lead IE, six. Vegetations were demonstrated by transesophageal echocardiography in 17 patients (81%). Blood cultures were positive in 19/19 patients with confirmed results. The most common antimicrobial regimen was penicillin plus an aminoglycoside (33%). Antibiotics were given for a median of 43 days. Only 14 patients (67%) underwent device removal. There was one death during the index hospitalization with four additional deaths within 6 months (overall mortality 24%). There were no relapses.ConclusionsEnterococci caused 4.8% of CIED infections in our cohort. Based on the late onset after device placement or manipulation, most infections were likely hematogenous in origin. IE was the most common infection syndrome. Only 67% of patients underwent device removal. At 6 months follow‐up, no CIED infection relapses had occurred, but overall mortality was 24%.
Burst and Tonic Spinal Cord Stimulation Both Activate Spinal GABAergic Mechanisms to Attenuate Pain in a Rat Model of Chronic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Meuwissen Koen P.V. , de Vries Luuk E. , Gu Jianwen Wendy , Zhang Tianhe C. , Joosten Elbert A.J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundExperimental and clinical studies have shown that tonic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) releases gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the spinal dorsal horn. Recently, it was suggested that burst SCS does not act via spinal GABAergic mechanisms. Therefore, we studied spinal GABA release during burst and tonic SCS, both anatomically and pharmacologically, in a well‐established chronic neuropathic pain model.MethodsAnimals underwent partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL). Quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of intracellular GABA levels in the lumbar L4 to L6 dorsal spinal cord was performed after 60 minutes of burst, tonic, or sham SCS in rats that had undergone PSNL (n = 16). In a second pharmacological experiment, the effects of intrathecal administration of the GABAA antagonist bicuculline (5 μg) and the GABAB antagonist phaclofen (5 μg) were assessed. Paw withdrawal thresholds to von Frey filaments of rats that had undergone PSNL (n = 20) were tested during 60 minutes of burst and tonic SCS 30 minutes after intrathecal administration of the drugs.ResultsQuantitative IHC analysis of GABA immunoreactivity in spinal dorsal horn sections of animals that had received burst SCS (n = 5) showed significantly lower intracellular GABA levels when compared to sham SCS sections (n = 4; P = 0.0201) and tonic SCS sections (n = 7; P = 0.0077). Intrathecal application of the GABAA antagonist bicuculline (5 μg; n = 10) or the GABAB antagonist phaclofen (5 μg; n = 10) resulted in ablation of the analgesic effect for both burst SCS and tonic SCS.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our anatomical and pharmacological data demonstrate that, in this well‐established chronic neuropathic animal model, the analgesic effects of both burst SCS and tonic SCS are mediated via spinal GABAergic mechanisms.
Photobiomodulation Enhances Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in a Culture Model with Oral Cell Lineages
Authors: Diniz Ivana M. A. , Souto Giovanna R. , Freitas Iuri D. P. , de Arruda José Alcides A. , da Silva Janine M. , Silva Tarcília A. , Mesquita Ricardo A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCisplatin plays a central role in cancer chemotherapy, but resistance to this drug remains a major obstacle in treatment. Drawbacks related to cisplatin failure may be associated with cell energy metabolism. This study investigated whether photobiomodulation (PBM) can potentiate the effects of cisplatin on keratinocytes (HaCat) and cancer cells (SCC25 and HN12). Cells were treated with laser (GaAlAs; 660 nm; 60 mW; 0.33 J; 2.14 W cm−2; 11.7 J cm−2 and 6 s) and cisplatin (7.8 μg mL−1) to evaluate cell viability, Ki‐67, VEGF, TGF‐β1, EGF expression and ROS production. Observations were validated in the SCC25 cell lineage, where the type of cell death (necrosis/apoptosis) and the amount of ATP were assessed. Cell lineages showed increased sensitivity to cisplatin associated with PBM (Cis‐PBM). Ki‐67 was augmented in all cell lineages treated with Cis‐PBM when compared to cisplatin alone (Cis). Cis or Cis‐PBM significantly decreased VEGF expression in cancer cells, while no changes were seen in the expression of TGF‐β1 or EGF compared to control. ROS levels were similar in the Cis and Cis‐PBM groups. Cells treated with Cis‐PBM died by apoptosis, leading to greater consumption of ATP. These observations suggest that PBM may potentiate the effects of cisplatin, leading to increased drug cytotoxicity and enhanced cell death.
miR‐17‐5p affects porcine granulosa cell growth and oestradiol synthesis by targeting E2F1 gene
Authors: Zhang Shuna , Wang Ling , Wang Lei , Chen Yaru , Li Fenge 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFemale fertility potential is based on the development and growth of ovarian follicles. Our previous study showed that miR‐17‐5p was significantly differently expressed in pre‐ovulatory ovarian follicles of Large White (LW) and Chinese Taihu (CT) sows. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR‐17‐5p in ovarian follicle development. We demonstrated that miR‐17‐5p overexpression significantly decreased the luciferase reporter activity containing the E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) and suppressed the E2F1 expression, whereas the miR‐17‐5p inhibition increased the E2F1 expression in porcine granulosa cells (pGCs). Meanwhile, miR‐17‐5p overexpression or E2F1 knockdown promoted cell growth, follicular development marker genes (LHR, CYP19A1 and AREG) expression and oestradiol synthesis, and miR‐17‐5p inhibition suppressed cell growth, follicular development marker genes (LHR, CYP19A1 and AREG) expression and oestradiol synthesis in pGCs. Furthermore, E2F1 knockdown increased CYP19A1 promoter activity. This study suggests that miR‐17‐5p regulates pGC growth and oestradiol synthesis by targeting E2F1 gene.
Quantification of cutaneous allergic reactions using 3D optical imaging: A feasibility study
Authors: den Blanken Mark D. , van der Bent Sebastiaan , Liberton Niels , Grimbergen Matthijs , Hofman Mark B. M. , Verdaasdonk Ruud , Rustemeyer Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundUser‐independent quantitative measures of cutaneous allergic reactions can help the physicians manage and evaluate the treatment of cutaneous allergic reactions. In this paper, we present and validate a method to quantify the elevation, volume and area of cutaneous allergic reactions to red tattoos.MethodsThe skin surface of allergic tattoo reactions was imaged using an optical 3D scanner. The in‐house developed analysis tool measured the elevation, volume and area of the lesions, compared to a reference surface. This reference surface was created by 3D interpolation of the skin after manual removal of the lesions. The error of the interpolation tool was validated using a digital arm model. The error of our optical scanner was determined using a 3D printed lesion phantom. The clinical feasibility of the method was tested in 83 lesions in 17 patients.ResultsThe method showed clear potential to assess skin elevation, volume change and area of an allergic reaction. The validation measurements revealed that the error due to interpolation increases for larger interpolation areas and largely determined the error in the clinical measurements. Lesions with a width ≥4 mm and an elevation ≥0.4 mm could be measured with an error below 26%. Patient measurements showed that lesions up to 600 mm2 could be measured accurately, and elevation and volume changes could be assessed at follow‐up.ConclusionQuantification of cutaneous allergic reactions to red tattoos using 3D optical scanning is feasible and may objectify skin elevation and improve management of the allergic reaction.
Perception of the blue light effect on Korean women's faces using the blue pearl pigment
Authors: Lee Myeongryeol , Park Se‐Jun , Jeong Choonbok , Jang Sue Im , Han Jiyeon , Kim Beom Joon , Kim Eunjoo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransparent‐looking skin is an objective of facial makeup products. However, this effect of makeup products has not been investigated to Korean women's faces.Materials and MethodsWe investigated the perception of blue light on women's faces using the blue pearl pigment. We compared colors and/or spectra of naked skin, standard makeup powder foundation (standard foundation), and test makeup powder foundations containing the blue pearl pigment 10% (w/w) (pearl foundation) or (ultramarine blue) blue pigment 0.2% (w/w) (pigment foundation) on real women's faces (n = 6) using spectrophotometry and facial image analysis. A self‐administered questionnaire showed facial images (n = 3) with applied makeup powder foundations on computer monitor (n = 35); evaluated items were blooming, transparency, smoothness, gloss, and vitality.ResultsIn vivo, the pearl foundation showed significantly lower b* values (degree of yellowness) than did naked skin, and pigment foundation and the samples also showed significantly higher reflection of blue light (410–490 nm) than did naked skin, standard foundation, or pigment foundation. In image analysis, the image with the pearl foundation showed significantly lower quasi‐b* value. On the self‐administered questionnaire, the results showed that the pearl foundation had a significantly higher grade than did naked skin, standard foundation, or pigment foundation at all evaluation items: blooming, transparency, smoothness, gloss, and vitality.ConclusionBlue pearl pigment creates the perception of blue light effect, including transparency and gloss in Korean women.
Is it Safe to Keep This Job? The Costs of Violence on the Psychological Health and Careers of U.S. Mayors
Authors: Herrick Rebekah , Franklin Lori D. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThis article explores the effects of physical and psychological violence on politicians' mental health and political ambition.MethodsAll mayors in cities of 30,000 and above were surveyed regarding any experiences of violence during their campaigns and service as mayors. Additionally, they reported any psychological and political costs of the negative experiences.ResultsOf 1,360 subjects, responses were received from 283. Among these, 216 subjects reported experiencing at least one incident of violence. Of those, more than 42 percent reported at least one indicator of potential psychological harm, but fewer than one‐fifth were considering leaving office. Harassment, frequency of violence, and physical violence had the greatest effects.ConclusionViolence has modest, but real effects on mayors’ psychological well‐being and political ambition, and these effects are more pronounced for those experiencing physical violence or harassment.
Comparative study of suspended and attached growth in membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment
Authors: Ibrahim Rabialtu Sulihah , Sabeen Ali Hussein , Zainon Noor Zainura , Ahmad Mutamim Noor Sabrina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe performance of laboratory scale experiments in treating synthetic domestic wastewater were conducted with suspended growth (SG) (without media) and attached growth (AG) (with moving media) membrane bioreactors (MBRs). The aim of this study is to compare fouling and the treatment performance of attached growth membrane bioreactor (AGMBR) with suspended growth membrane bioreactor (SGMBR) by assessing the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate, nitrite and ammonia. The finding shows that with 10% of attached growth media, average COD, nitrate, nitrite and nitrogen ammonia removal efficiency for AGMBR were found to be greater than the SGMBR system. AGMBR significantly increased critical flux, (Jc) up to 48 L m−2 h−1, hence producing low final transmembrane pressure (TMP) after cleaning and decreased the total resistance at 5.69 × 1011 m−1. Addition of cylindrical polythene media resulted in slow TMP increment that prolonged filtration process. In conclusion, AGMBR gave a better treatment performance and could minimize the membrane fouling problem.
Deferred consent for delivery room studies: the providers’ perspective
Authors: den Boer Maria C , Houtlosser Mirjam , Foglia Elizabeth E , Lopriore Enrico , de Vries Martine Charlotte , Engberts Dirk P , te Pas Arjan B 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo gain insight into neonatal care providers’ perceptions of deferred consent for delivery room (DR) studies in actual scenarios.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 46 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff members of the Leiden University Medical Center (the Netherlands) and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (USA). At the time interviews were conducted, both NICUs conducted the same DR studies, but differed in their consent approaches. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using the qualitative data analysis software Atlas.ti V.7.0.ResultsAlthough providers reported to regard the prospective consent approach as the most preferable consent approach, they acknowledged that a deferred consent approach is needed for high-quality DR management. However, providers reported concerns about parental autonomy, approaching parents for consent and ethical review of study protocols that include a deferred consent approach. Providers furthermore differed in perceived appropriateness of a deferred consent approach for the studies that were being conducted at their NICUs. Providers with first-hand experience with deferred consent reported positive experiences that they attributed to appropriate communication and timing of approaching parents for consent.ConclusionInsight into providers’ perceptions of deferred consent for DR studies in actual scenarios suggests that a deferred consent approach is considered acceptable, but that actual usage of the approach for DR studies can be improved on.