bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monotonicity of Optimal Contracts Without the First-Order Approach
Authors: Ke Rongzhu , Ryan Christopher Thomas 
Published: July 2018

We develop a simple sufficient condition for an optimal contract of a moral hazard problem to be monotone in the output signal. Existing results on monotonicity require conditions on the output distribution (namely, the monotone likelihood ratio property (MLRP)) and additional conditions to guarantee that agent’s decision is approachable via the first-order approach of replacing that problem with its first-order conditions. We know of no positive monotonicity results in the setting where the first-order approach does not apply. Indeed, it is well documented that when there are finitely many possible outputs, and the first-order approach does not apply, the MLRP alone is insufficient to guarantee monotonicity. However, we show that when there is an interval of possible output signals, the MLRP does suffice to establish monotonicity under additional technical assumptions that do not guarantee the validity of the first-order approach. To establish this result we examine necessary optimality conditions for moral hazard problems using a novel penalty function approach. We then manipulate these conditions and provide sufficient conditions for when they coincide with a simple version of the moral hazard problem with only two constraints. In this two-constraint problem, monotonicity is established directly via a strong characterization of its optimal solutions. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1720 .
LEITURA DE MUNDO E ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA: SENTIDOS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Barroso Douglas Moraes 
Published: July 2018

Em um cenário de avanço do conservadorismo, fragilização da democracia e reformas no sistema nacional de educação que reduzem sua potência crítica, assevera-se a importância do debate da função social da escola e suas disciplinas. A escola pode ter papel fundamental para a transformação da sociedade a partir de um modelo orientado para subsidiar efetivamente a construção de leituras de mundo mais profundas e críticas. Nesse sentido destaca-se a importância de (re)pensar os sentidos da Geografia escolar, e de que maneira ela qualifica a leitura de mundo. Advoga-se a Geografia pode ter papel fundamental ao subsidiar a construção de uma leitura geográfica da realidade concreta, mas que isso demanda a superação do caráter instrumental, descritivo, e ainda que quando de teor crítico, não se transfigure como operacional para inteligir a realidade concreta em suas multiplas escalas.
Electronic Inventory Systems and Barcode Technology: Impact on Pharmacy Technical Accuracy and Error Liability
Authors: Oldland Alan R. , Golightly Larry K. , May Sondra K. , Barber Gerard R. , Stolpman Nancy M. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose To measure the effects associated with sequential implementation of electronic medication storage and inventory systems and product verification devices on pharmacy technical accuracy and rates of potential medication dispensing errors in an academic medical center. Methods During four 28-day periods of observation, pharmacists recorded all technical errors identified at the final visual check of pharmaceuticals prior to dispensing. Technical filling errors involving deviations from order-specific selection of product, dosage form, strength, or quantity were documented when dispensing medications using (a) a conventional unit dose (UD) drug distribution system, (b) an electronic storage and inventory system utilizing automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) within the pharmacy, (c) ADCs combined with barcode (BC) verification, and (d) ADCs and BC verification utilized with changes in product labeling and individualized personnel training in systems application. Results Using a conventional UD system, the overall incidence of technical error was 0.157% (24/15,271). Following implementation of ADCs, the comparative overall incidence of technical error was 0.135% (10/7,379; P = .841). Following implementation of BC scanning, the comparative overall incidence of technical error was 0.137% (27/19,708; P = .729). Subsequent changes in product labeling and intensified staff training in the use of BC systems was associated with a decrease in the rate of technical error to 0.050% (13/26,200; P = .002). Conclusions Pharmacy ADCs and BC systems provide complementary effects that improve technical accuracy and reduce the incidence of potential medication dispensing errors if this technology is used with comprehensive personnel training.
Evaluating of significance of thyroglobulin (Tg) level in blood as a biomarker of iodine deficiency disorders severity in Uzbekistan
Authors: Ismailov Saydiganikhodja I. , Rashitov Murod M. , Alimdjanov Nusrat A. , Uzbekov Kamil K. , Vakkasov Muhammadjon Kh. , Muratov Timur F. , Omildjonov Murodjon N. 
Published: July 2018

Iodine deficiency has serious adverse effects on growth and development of humans, such as mental impairment. It is known, that thyroglobulin level in blood is promising biomarker that can determine iodine deficiency disorders severity in a given region.
The Aim of study: Evaluating of significance of thyroglobulin level in blood as a biomarker of iodine deficiency disorders severity in Uzbekistan..
Materials and Methods: We evaluated thyroglobulin level in blood in schoolchildren of Uzbekistan. In this purpose we studied 366 schoolchildren in 8-12 age group, of that 163 boys and 203 girls living in Tashkent city, Fergana, Samarkand, Bukhara, Kashkadarya, Khoresm and Republic of Karakalpakistan. Such parameters as urinary iodine concentration, diffuse goiter plasma TSH, fT4 were analyzed too.
Results: Diffuse goiter prevalence was 27 % among children, the overall mean thyroglobulin concentration was 12,8 ± 10.4 ng/ml, the overall median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 120.27 μg/L indicating iodine sufficiency. Plasma TSH was 2.75 ± 1.69 mIU/l and plasma fТ4 14.48 ± 3,96 pmol/l. Thyroglobulin level depended on goiter size, so that in children without goiter (grade 0) mean thyroglobulin concentration was 11,9 ± 7.9 ng/ml, in children with goiter grade 1 mean thyroglobulin concentration was 14,24 ± 13.5 ng/ml and in children with goiter grade 2 mean thyroglobulin concentration was 18,82±18,3 ng/ml. Overall mean thyroglobulin concentration of goitrous children (grade 1 and 2) was 16,4±10,5 ng/ml.
Conclusions: Though international studies in school-aged children showed that iodine-sufficient children typically had a median Tg <13 ng/ml, our investigation showed that while study group’s UIC was 120.27 μg/L and overall mean thyroglobulin concentration was 12,8 ± 10.4 ng/ml, that is equal to median thyroglobulin concentration – 11,73 ng/ml, 39% of children in this group still have UIC below 100 μg/L.
Inpatient- versus Outpatient-Onset Acute Coronary Syndrome: Comparison of Clinical Features and Outcomes
Authors: Zafar Kamran , Patil Nirav 
Published: July 2018

The clinical characteristics and outcomes among patients with inpatient-onset non-ST-segment-elevation acute coronary syndrome have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective single-center analysis of patients who were ≥18 years old and diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome at our hospital during 2014. We performed logistic regression analysis to evaluate outcomes and made adjustments for age, race, family history of premature coronary artery disease, and comorbidities.
Our search through 31,274 hospital discharge records identified 683 cases of acute coronary syndrome: 32 were inpatient-onset and 651 were outpatient-onset. The inpatient-onset group was older (74.6 ± 9.6 vs 64 ± 12.8 yr; P <0.001), and patients were more likely to be black (28.1% vs 12.9%). Diagnoses at admission in the inpatient-onset group varied widely, including 4 cases of pneumonia and 3 of intestinal obstruction. The inpatient-onset group was less likely than the outpatient-onset group to undergo cardiac catheterization (34.4% vs 90.2%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05–0.28; P <0.001) or percutaneous coronary intervention (12.5% vs 61.6%; AOR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05–0.48; P=0.001), or to be discharged from the hospital (53.1% vs 88.9%; AOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11–0.6; P=0.002). The inpatient-onset ACS group had longer hospital stays than did the outpatient-onset group (9.9 ± 8.9 vs 6.4 ± 5.2 d; P=0.03).
We found that inpatient-onset acute coronary syndrome was associated with less interventional management, a longer hospital stay, and a lower likelihood of discharge to home.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency is Associated with Cardiovascular Disease in U.S. Military Centers
Authors: Thomas John E. , Kang Seungho , Wyatt Charles J. , Kim Forest S. , Mangelsdorff A. David , Weigel Fred K. 
Published: July 2018

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protects erythrocytes from oxidative stress and hemolysis; G6PD deficiency is the most prevalent enzymopathy. The United States military routinely performs tests to prevent exposing G6PD-deficient personnel to antimalarial drugs that might cause life-threatening hemolytic reactions. In addition, G6PD is a key determinant of vascular function, and its deficiency can lead to impaired nitric oxide production and greater vascular oxidant stress—precursors to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Using military medical records, we performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study to investigate whether deficient G6PD levels are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease than are normal levels, and, if so, whether the relationship is independent of accepted cardiovascular risk factors.
We analyzed the medical records of 737 individuals who had deficient G6PD levels and 16,601 who had normal levels. Everyone had been screened at U.S. military medical centers from August 2004 through December 2007. We evaluated our dependent variable (composite cardiovascular disease) at the individual level, and performed binary logistic regression of our independent variable (G6PD status) and control variables (modifiable cardiovascular risk factors). The adjusted odds ratio of 1.396 (95% CI, 1.044–1.867; P <0.05) indicated that G6PD-deficient individuals have 39.6% greater odds of developing cardiovascular disease than do those with normal levels.
Early intervention may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in military personnel and civilians who have deficient G6DP levels.
A remark on the mixed scalar curvature of a manifold with two orthogonal totally umbilical distributions
Authors: Stepanov Sergey , Tsyganok Irina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We prove a Liouville-type theorem for two orthogonal complementary totally umbilical distributions on a complete Riemannian manifold with non-positive mixed scalar curvature. This is applied to some special types of complete doubly twisted and warped products of Riemannian manifolds.
Blocking sets of certain line sets related to a hyperbolic quadric in PG(3, q)
Authors: Sahoo Binod Kumar , Sahu Bikramaditya 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
For a fixed hyperbolic quadric 𝓗 in PG(3, q), let 𝔼 (respectively 𝕋, 𝕊) denote the set of all lines of PG(3, q) which are external (respectively tangent, secant) with respect to 𝓗. We characterize the minimum size blocking sets of PG(3, q) with respect to each of the line sets 𝕊, 𝕋 ∪ 𝕊 and 𝔼 ∪ 𝕊.
Rational curves on Del Pezzo manifolds
Authors: Zahariuc Adrian 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We exploit an elementary specialization technique to study rational curves on Fano varieties of index one less than their dimension, known as del Pezzo manifolds. First, we study the splitting type of the normal bundles of the rational curves. Second, we prove a simple formula relating the number of rational curves passing through a suitable number of points in the case of threefolds and the analogous invariants for del Pezzo surfaces.
Commuting matrices and the Hilbert scheme of points on affine spaces
Authors: Henni Abdelmoubine A. , Jardim Marcos 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We give linear algebraic and monadic descriptions of the Hilbert scheme of points on the affine space of dimension n which naturally extends Nakajima’s representation of the Hilbert scheme of points on the plane. As an application of our ideas and recent results from the literature on commuting matrices, we show that the Hilbert scheme of c points on ℂ3 is irreducible for c ≤ 10.
On the principal Ricci curvatures of a Riemannian 3-manifold
Authors: Aazami Amir Babak , Melby-Thompson Charles M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We study global obstructions to the eigenvalues of the Ricci tensor on a Riemannian 3-manifold. As a topological obstruction, we first show that if the 3-manifold is closed, then certain choices of the eigenvalues are prohibited: in particular, there is no Riemannian metric whose corresponding Ricci eigenvalues take the form (−μ, f, f), where μ is a positive constant and f is a smooth positive function. We then concentrate on the case when one of the eigenvalues is zero. Here we show that if the manifold is complete and its Ricci eigenvalues take the form (0, λ, λ), where λ is a positive constant, then its universal cover must split isometrically. If the manifold is closed, scalar-flat, and its zero eigenspace contains a unit length vector field that is geodesic and divergence-free, then the manifold must be flat. Our techniques also apply to the study of Ricci solitons in dimension three.
Weierstrass points on Kummer extensions
Authors: Abdón Miriam , Borges Herivelto , Quoos Luciane 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor Kummer extensions given byym=f(x), we discuss conditions for an integer to be a Weierstrass gap at a placeP. In the case of fully ramified places, the conditions are necessary and sufficient. As a consequence, we extend independent results of several authors. Moreover, we show that if the Kummer extension is 𝔽q2-maximal andf(x) ∈ 𝔽q2[x] has at least two roots with the same multiplicityλcoprime tom, thenmdivides 2(q+ 1). Under the extra condition that eithermor the multiplicity of a third root off(x) is odd, we conclude thatmdividesq+ 1.
Teacher Turnover, Composition and Qualifications in the Year-Round School Setting
Authors: Graves Jennifer , McMullen Steven , Rouse Kathryn 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We estimate the effects of year-round school (YRS) calendars on teacher turnover and teacher qualifications for the state of California, finding that YRS results in diminished teacher education and experience. This result is notable as previous research finds negative academic impacts of YRS in California. As context for our findings, we use comparisons with North Carolina, where research has found neutral academic impacts for the same calendar. While we find that schools in both locations hire more teachers to accommodate the calendar, teacher qualifications do not decrease for North Carolina. Our results are therefore consistent with, and can partly explain, evidence on the impact of YRS on student achievement. Additionally, as YRS is implemented in more affluent areas in North Carolina and in disadvantaged populations in California, we use matched samples to show that student demographics do not explain our teacher impacts found for California.
Approximate Solution of Linear Systems with Laplace-like Operators via Cross Approximation in the Frequency Domain
Authors: Muravleva Ekaterina A. , Oseledets Ivan V. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper we propose an efficient algorithm to
compute low-rank approximation to the solution of so-called “Laplace-like” linear systems. The idea is to transform the problem into the frequency domain, and then use cross approximation. In this case, we do not need to form explicit approximation to the inverse operator, and can approximate the solution directly, which leads to reduced complexity. We demonstrate that our method is fast and robust by using it as a solver inside Uzawa iterative method for solving the Stokes problem.
Projection Methods for Dynamical Low-Rank Approximation of High-Dimensional Problems
Authors: Kieri Emil , Vandereycken Bart 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We consider dynamical low-rank approximation on the manifold of fixed-rank matrices and tensor trains (also called matrix product states), and analyse projection methods for the time integration of such problems. First, under suitable approximability assumptions, we prove error estimates for the explicit Euler method equipped with quasi-optimal projections to the manifold. Then we discuss the possibilities and difficulties with higher-order explicit methods. In particular, we discuss ways for limiting rank growth in the increments, and robustness with respect to small singular values.
Factors Influencing Gas Generation Behaviours of Lump Coal Used in COREX Gasifier
Authors: Xu Runsheng , Zhang Jianliang , Wang Wei , Zuo Haibin , Xue Zhengliang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The influences of coal rank, particle size, temperature and gasifier atmosphere on the gas generation of lump coals used in COREX gasifier were investigated. The results showed that an increase in gasifier temperature and a decrease in particle size hardly affected the final mass loss of lump coals but strongly enhanced the gas generation rate. When the temperature was greater than 1000 °C, a decrease in coal rank increased the gas yield but had little effect on the gas generation rate. Moreover, the promotion ability of the atmosphere for the gas generation rate of lump coal from low to high was as follows: N2, CO2, CO and H2. Considering energy conservation, to improve the gas generation rate of the gasifier, the coal rank and particle size should be decreased first, and afterwards, an increase in reduction potential of the atmosphere in gasifier is also encouraged.
Evaluating the effect of storage conditions on milk microbiological quality and composition
Authors: Paludetti L.F. , Jordan K. , Kelly A.L. , Gleeson D. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this study, the effect of storage temperature (2 or 4°C) on the composition of milk and microbiological load was investigated over 96 h. Milk samples were collected from farm bulk milk tanks after one complete milking and stored at 2 or 4°C over 96 h. Total bacterial count (TBC), psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC) and proteolytic bacterial count (PROT) were affected by storage time and temperature and varied significantly between farms (P < 0.05). The levels of TBC, PBC and PROT bacterial count increased from 4.37 to 6.15 log cfu/mL, 4.34 to 6.44 log cfu/mL and 3.72 to 4.81 log cfu/mL, respectively, when the milk was stored for 96 h at 2°C. The milk samples stored at 4°C had higher increases in these bacterial counts after 72 h in comparison to milk samples stored at 2°C. The casein fraction content was lower in milk samples stored at 4°C, which could be due to high levels of PROT bacteria or enzyme activity in these samples. Milk stored for 96 h at 2°C has less impact on composition or processability parameters compared to milk stored at 4°C.
Mathematical Modeling of Ethane Cracking Furnace of Olefin Plant with Coke Formation Approach
Authors: Barza Amir , Mehri Behrouz , Pirouzfar Vahid 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this study, ethylene furnace modeling is carried out by ethane pyrolysis (thermal cracking or hydrocracking) method in Arya Sasol Petrochemical Company (ninth olefin unit, Assaluyeh, Iran), which includes the solution of kinetic equations and transfer phenomena, by the forward finite difference method in the MATLAB. Due to study and compare coke formation, a specific time period has been selected in equal segments and equations have been solved. It means that in a length segment of coil (Δz), momentum, energy as well as mass equations are solved, then the amount of precipitated coke in each length segment is achieved. With new efficient coil diameter calculating all mentioned approach will be repeated for next time segment. The results of this model have been compared with actual data and deviation has been reported. It was found that modeling approach is more capable to define the parameters of coke formation equations. The model has a good agreement between the values of prediction and experimental of in most cases.
Strategies for the reinterpretation of normative texts within the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Levinson Bernard M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractContemporary constitutional theory remains divided between competing approaches to the interpretation of normative texts: between originalism or original intent, on the one hand, and living constitution approaches, on the other. The purpose of this article is to complicate that problematic dichotomy by showing how cultures having a tradition of prestigious or authoritative texts addressed the problem of literary and legal innovation in antiquity. The study begins with cuneiform law from Mesopotamia and the Hittite Empire, and then shows how ancient Israel’s development of the idea of divine revelation of law creates a cluster of constraints that would be expected to impede legal revision or amendment. The well-known Decalogue, or Ten Commandments, provides a valuable test-case, with its normative statement that God punishes sinners across generations (vicariously extending the punishment due them to three or four generations of their progeny). A series of inner-biblical and post-biblical responses to that rule demonstrates, however, that later writers were able to criticize, challenge, reject, and replace it with the alternative notion of individual accountability. The article will provide a series of close readings of the texts involved, drawing attention to their legal language and hermeneutical strategies. The conclusions stress the remarkable freedom to modify ostensibly normative statements available to ancient judicial interpreters, despite the expected constraints of a formative religious canon attributed to divine revelation.
Stability, Bifurcation and Optimal Control Analysis of a Malaria Model in a Periodic Environment
Authors: Panja Prabir , Kumar Mondal Shyamal , Chattopadhyay Joydev 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, a malaria disease transmission model has been developed. Here, the disease transmission rates from mosquito to human as well as human to mosquito and death rate of infected mosquito have been constituted by two variabilities: one is periodicity with respect to time and another is based on some control parameters. Also, total vector population is divided into two subpopulations such as susceptible mosquito and infected mosquito as well as the total human population is divided into three subpopulations such as susceptible human, infected human and recovered human. The biologically feasible equilibria and their stability properties have been discussed. Again, the existence condition of the disease has been illustrated theoretically and numerically. Hopf-bifurcation analysis has been done numerically for autonomous case of our proposed model with respect to some important parameters. At last, a optimal control problem is formulated and solved using Pontryagin’s principle. In numerical simulations, different possible combination of controls have been illustrated including the comparisons of their effectiveness.
Förderung des kritischen Denkens und des Fremdverstehens im DaF-Unterricht am Beispiel von Texten aus deutschen Straßenzeitungen
Authors: Winter da Silva Christina 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Im ersten Teil des folgenden Aufsatzes wird die Situation des DaF-Unterrichts in Brasilien beschrieben und der Ansatz der critical literacy präsentiert, der den Fremdsprachenunterricht auch als Raum zur Förderung kritischen Denkens versteht und aus der brasilianischen Fremdsprachendidaktik kaum wegzudenken ist. Im zweiten Teil wird eine didaktische Sequenz zur Förderung des kritischen Denkens und des Fremdverstehens vorgestellt, bei der Texte aus Straßenzeitungen, die von obdachlosen Menschen geschrieben wurden, eingesetzt wurden. Außerdem wird die Erstellung von Profilen obdachloser Menschen aus einem der DACHL-Länder sowie der gedankliche Transfer zum Heimatland der Lernenden beschrieben. Die wichtigsten Studienergebnisse werden am Ende präsentiert.