bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coeval Uplift and Subsidence Reveal Magma Recharging Near Rome (Italy)
Authors: Trasatti E. , Marra F. , Polcari M. , Etiope G. , Ciotoli G. , Darrah T. H. , Tedesco D. , Stramondo S. , Florindo F. , Ventura G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUplift and subsidence alternate throughout the life cycle of a volcano mirroring magma accumulation, migration and/or gas pressurization, and magma cooling or depressurization, respectively. The unusual occurrence of coeval inflation and deflation is difficult to reconcile with the recharging or cooling of a single magma chamber, or hydrological processes. Here we show a persistent flank uplift and central subsidence at Colli Albani volcano near Rome (Italy), by mapping about 20 years of deformation by InSAR data. The magmatic helium signature increases in correspondence with N‐S faults along the western slope of Colli Albani, which are therefore interpreted as deep‐seated structures directly or indirectly connected with an underlying magma reservoir. Deformation modeling shows that these faults are pathways for fresh magma intrusion, whereas a residual magma is cooling below the deflating caldera. Therefore, magma recharge at depth is controlled by major faults along which the vents of the most recent activity (<200 ka ago) concentrate in the western side of the volcano and not by the caldera structures. We demonstrate that the Colli Albani magmatic system is slowly rejuvenating, posing a volcanic threat for Rome.
Numerical Analysis of Hydrofracturing Behaviors and Mechanisms of Heterogeneous Reservoir Glutenite, Using the Continuum‐Based Discrete Element Method While Considering Hydromechanical Coupling and Leak‐Off Effects
Authors: Ju Yang , Chen Jialiang , Wang Yongliang , Gao Feng , Xie Heping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHydrofracturing technology has been widely used to stimulate the tight hydrocarbon reservoirs that usually comprise heterogeneous glutenites. Hydromechanical coupling and leak‐off are essential characteristics of this process and need to be properly addressed in numerical simulation, which plays an important role in quantitatively evaluating the efficiency of this technology. Due to the challenges in accurately representing the complex structure and physical properties of heterogeneous glutenites as well as hydraulic‐driven crack propagation, however, the hydromechanical coupling, leak‐off, and material heterogeneity have not yet been handled satisfactorily. To overcome these challenges, we use the continuum‐based discrete element method (CDEM) to simulate the hydraulic fracturing of heterogeneous glutenites, considering hydromechanical coupling and leak‐off effects. The CDEM models are constructed using the geometrical and physical parameters that were extracted from natural heterogeneous glutenites using computed tomography, X‐ray diffraction, and triaxial tests, based on image processing and reconstruction approaches. The CDEM models are composed of hydraulic fractures and microscale pores, and Darcy's law was integrated within the model to govern fluid leak‐off; this is a nontraditional approach to leak‐off effects. The coupled finite element‐discrete element‐finite volume approach is used to determine the fracturing behaviors of heterogeneous models. The fracturing crack propagation and distribution patterns of homogeneous and heterogeneous models under various horizontal in situ stress differences are characterized by fractal theory, and the models are compared to assess the influences of material heterogeneity and in situ stresses on the hydraulic fracturing of heterogeneous glutenites.
Two Modes of Vertical Velocity in Subsurface Mesoscale Eddies
Authors: Viúdez A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTwo fundamental modes of vertical velocity (w) in mesoscale subsurface eddies are described using the quasigeostrophic (QG) approximation and nonhydrostatic numerical modeling. The first mode of w (the spheroidal mode) arises when a spheroidal upright subsurface eddy acquires horizontal eccentricity and becomes an ellipsoid, still upright, vertically symmetric vortex. In this case, the vertical displacement of isopycnals vanishes at the middepth z = 0. Conservation of potential vorticity anomaly (PVA) on elliptical concave/convex isopycnals entails a three‐dimensional octupolar pattern of w which also vanishes at z = 0. The second mode of w (the tilted mode) arises when the eddy remains spheroidal but its vertical axis tilts relative to the vertical direction. In this case, the displacement of isopycnals is largest at the middepth z = 0 and has a dipolar distribution. The associated w is largest at the middepth and develops also a dipolar pattern. In both spheroidal and tilted modes, the vertical velocity pattern may be inferred from the fast advection of PVA conserving fluid particles on slower translating concave/convex or tilted isopycnals. This implies that the vertical velocity of both modes is approximately QG and may be correctly inferred from the QG omega equation as long as the Rossby number remains small. Under more general circumstances, the vortex is both spheroidal and tilted. In this case, both spheroidal and tilted modes coexist but remain, to a large extent, uncoupled, rotating with different and, at least at a first order of approximation, constant phase speeds.
Modeling the Irrigation Withdrawals Over the Coterminous US Using a Hierarchical Modeling Approach
Authors: Das Priyam , Patskoski Jason , Sankarasubramanian A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStudies focusing on national/global water scarcity require water availability and water use to quantify the imbalance. In this regard, annual irrigation withdrawal data reported by the USGS every 5 years provide a valuable information on the water use patterns over the United States. This study develops an empirical model to estimate annual irrigation water withdrawal using irrigated area, climate information, and population as predictors. Given the hierarchy in the data sources, we propose a predictive linear hierarchical regression model to develop annual irrigation water withdrawal models using varying intercepts (VI) and varying intercepts and slopes (VIS) approaches. Estimates from hierarchical models are compared with pooled and unpooled classical regression models. Overall, both hierarchical models outperform the classical models with the adjusted R2 between USGS‐reported and modeled withdrawal estimates being above 0.6 in most states using county and climate division level data. However, due to the spatial difference between the supply (rural areas) and demand (urban areas) for agriculture products, climate division level estimates exhibit a higher adjusted R2 than county level estimates. The VIS model is able to capture local effects better, particularly for states whose irrigation withdrawal patterns significantly differ from the national pattern. The performance of the models is also validated by leaving out the entire nation's water‐use data out (i.e., leave‐one‐out cross‐validation) to ensure the reported skill is not due to overfitting. Split‐sample validation in predicting 2010 irrigation withdrawal also shows the potential of the developed hierarchical model in estimating the annual irrigation withdrawals for the years with no data within the once in 5 year USGS database.
Radial and Azimuthal Anisotropy Tomography of the NE Japan Subduction Zone: Implications for the Pacific Slab and Mantle Wedge Dynamics
Authors: Ishise Motoko , Kawakatsu Hitoshi , Morishige Manabu , Shiomi Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe investigate slab and mantle structure of the NE Japan subduction zone from P wave azimuthal and radial anisotropy using travel time tomography. Trench normal E‐W‐trending azimuthal anisotropy (AA) and radial anisotropy (RA) with VPV > VPH are found in the mantle wedge, which supports the existence of small‐scale convection in the mantle wedge with flow‐induced LPO of mantle minerals. In the subducting Pacific slab, trench parallel N‐S‐trending AA and RA with VPH > VPV are obtained. Considering the effect of dip of the subducting slab on apparent anisotropy, we suggest that both characteristics can be explained by the presence of laminar structure, in addition to AA frozen‐in in the subducting plate prior to subduction.
Formation of the Dayside Magnetopause and Its Boundary Layers Under the Radial IMF
Authors: Pi Gilbert , Němeček Zdeněk , Šafránková Jana , Grygorov Kostiantyn , Shue Jih‐Hong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe global structure of magnetopause boundary layers under the radial interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions is studied by a comparison of experimental and simulation results. In magnetohydrodynamic simulations, the hemispherical asymmetry of the reconnection locations was found. The draped field adjacent to the magnetopause points northward in the Northern Hemisphere, but it is oriented southward in the Southern Hemisphere at the beginning of the simulation for negative IMF Bx. The magnetopause region affected by the positive IMF Bz component enlarges over time, and the density profile exhibit a north‐south asymmetry near the magnetopause. The experimental part of the study uses the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorm data. We analyze profiles of the plasma parameters and magnetic field as well as the ion pitch‐angle distributions. The nonsimultaneous appearance of parallel and antiparallel aligned flows suggests two spatially separated sources of these flows. We have identified (1) the inner part of the low‐latitude boundary layer (LLBL) on closed magnetic field lines; (2) the outer LLBL on open field lines; (3) the inner part of the magnetosheath boundary layer (MSBL) formed by dayside reconnection in the Southern Hemisphere; and (4) the outer MSBL resulting from lobe reconnection in the Northern Hemisphere.
An Overview of Interactions and Feedbacks Between Ice Sheets and the Earth System
Authors: Fyke Jeremy , Sergienko Olga , Löfverström Marcus , Price Stephen , Lenaerts Jan T. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIce sheet response to forced changes—such as that from anthropogenic climate forcing—is closely regulated by two‐way interactions with other components of the Earth system. These interactions encompass the ice sheet response to Earth system forcing, the Earth system response to ice sheet change, and feedbacks resulting from coupled ice sheet/Earth system evolution. Motivated by the impact of Antarctic and Greenland ice sheet change on future sea level rise, here we review the state of knowledge of ice sheet/Earth system interactions and feedbacks. We also describe emerging observation and model‐based methods that can improve understanding of ice sheet/Earth system interactions and feedbacks. We particularly focus on the development of Earth system models that incorporate current understanding of Earth system processes, ice dynamics, and ice sheet/Earth system couplings. Such models will be critical tools for projecting future sea level rise from anthropogenically forced ice sheet mass loss.
PGC1α promotes cholangiocarcinoma metastasis by upregulating PDHA1 and MPC1 expression to reverse the Warburg effect
Authors: Dan Li  , Wang Chaoqun , Ma Panfei , Yu Qingan , Gu Mingqi , Dong Liqian , Jiang Wenjing , Pan Shangha , Xie Changming , Han Jihua , Lan Yaliang , Sun Jing , Sheng Ping , Liu Kunpeng , Wu Yaohua , Liu Lianxin , Ma Yong , Jiang Hongchi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPGC1α acts as a central regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, whose role in cancer progression has been highlighted but remains largely undefined. Especially, it is completely unknown about the effect of PGC1α on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Here we showed that PGC1α overexpression had no impact on CCA growth despite the decreased expression of PGC1α in CCA compared with adjacent normal tissue. Instead, PGC1α overexpression-promoted CCA metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, for the first time, we illuminated that PGC1α reversed the Warburg effect by upregulating the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha 1 subunit and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 to increase pyruvate flux into the mitochondria for oxidation, whereas simultaneously promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion to mediate the metabolic switch to oxidative phosphorylation. On the one hand, enhanced mitochondrial oxidation metabolism correlated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; on the other hand, increased PGC1α expression upregulated the expression levels of mRNA for several ROS-detoxifying enzymes. To this end, the ROS levels, which were elevated but below a critical threshold, did not inhibit CCA cells proliferation. And the moderately increased ROS facilitated metastatic dissemination of CCA cells, which can be abrogated by antioxidants. Our study suggests the potential utility of developing the PGC1α-targeted therapies or blocking PGC1α signaling axis for inhibiting CCA metastasis.
c-MYC and reactive oxygen species play roles in tetrandrine-induced leukemia differentiation
Authors: Wu Guixian , Liu Ting , Li Han , Li Yafang , Li Dengju , Li Wenhua 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTetrandrine is a broadly used bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid component of traditional Chinese medicine that has antitumor effects in some cancer types. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetrandrine on leukemia in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that tetrandrine effectively induced differentiation and autophagy in leukemia cells. In addition, tetrandrine treatment activated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited c-MYC protein expression. Further, we found that treatment with the ROS scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and Tiron as well as overexpression of c-MYC reduced tetrandrine-induced autophagy and differentiation. Moreover, a small molecular c-MYC inhibitor, 10058-F4, enhanced the tetrandrine-induced differentiation of leukemia cells. These results suggest that ROS generation and c-MYC suppression play important roles in tetrandrine-induced autophagy and differentiation, and the results from in vivo experiments were consistent with those from in vitro studies. Therefore, our data suggest that tetrandrine may be a promising agent for the treatment of leukemia.
The therapeutic effect of miR-125b is enhanced by the prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 blockade and hampers ETS1 in the context of the microenvironment of bone metastasis
Authors: Maroni Paola , Bendinelli Paola , Matteucci Emanuela , Desiderio Maria Alfonsina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBone is the most common site for breast cancer spread. In the pro-metastatic cell line 1833, derived from MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells, both hypoxia and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) influence the effect of miR-125b on ETS proto-oncogene 1 transcription factor (ETS1). The effect of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF1A), known to promote metastatic spread by upregulating prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), may be dampened by miR-125b targeting PTGS2. Here, we investigated whether miR-125b plays a role in breast cancer metastasis by measuring its activity in response to the chemotherapeutic agent NS-398 in a xenograft model. NS-398 is typically used in the clinic to target PTGS2. We also aimed to describe the molecular mechanisms in vitro, since the enhancement of epithelial properties may favor the efficacy of therapies. We report that in the xenograft model, miR-125b reduced metastasis to the bone. We also report suppression of PTGS2 enhanced survival by decreasing HIF1A in cells within the bone marrow. In 1833 cells transfected with a miR-125b mimic we observed several phenotypic changes including enhancement of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, a reduction of mesenchymal-associated genes and a reduction of WNT-associated stem cell signaling. Our findings suggest that in vivo, key players of the bone microenvironment promoting breast cancer spread are regulated by miR-125b. In future, biological molecules imitating miR-125b may enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic agents used to counteract bone metastases.
YAP1 contributes to NSCLC invasion and migration by promoting Slug transcription via the transcription co-factor TEAD
Authors: Yu Mengxue , Chen Yingzhun , Li Xuelian , Yang Rui , Zhang Lijia , Huangfu Longtao , Zheng Nan , Zhao Xiaoguang , Lv Lifang , Hong Yaozhen , Liang Haihai , Shan Hongli 
Published: April 2018

AbstractYes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) contributes to the development of multiple tumors, but the mechanism underlying YAP1 deregulation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. By performing immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays, we found that YAP1 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC compared with adjacent tissues; therefore, we sought to elucidate whether the upregulation of YAP1 contributes to NSCLC progression. MTT and transwell assays showed that YAP1 overexpression promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion in the NSCLC cell lines A549 and H460; YAP1 overexpression also promoted the significant differential expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. Nevertheless, YAP1 knockdown alleviated TGF-β1-induced EMT and proliferation, migration, and invasion in NSCLC. Furthermore, western blotting showed that the co-transcription complex YAP1/TEAD was impaired by YAPS94A (a YAP1 mutant without the TEAD binding site), and verteporfin (a small molecular inhibitor of YAP1) inhibited A549 and H460 cell metastasis and EMT-related markers expression, indicating that TEAD mediated the NSCLC aggressiveness induced by YAP1. Moreover, sequence analysis and ChIP and luciferase assays confirmed that YAP1 transcriptionally activated Slug expression by binding to TEAD. Importantly, silencing YAP1 inhibited A549 cell tumorigenesis and EMT and downregulated Slug expression in vivo. Overall, our findings revealed that YAP1 is a driver of NSCLC metastasis because YAP1 promoted the EMT program by inducing Slug transcription.
Targeting of NAT10 enhances healthspan in a mouse model of human accelerated aging syndrome
Authors: Balmus Gabriel , Larrieu Delphine , Barros Ana C. , Collins Casey , Abrudan Monica , Demir Mukerrem , Geisler Nicola J. , Lelliott Christopher J. , White Jacqueline K. , Karp Natasha A. , Atkinson James , Kirton Andrea , Jacobsen Matt , Clift Dean , Rodriguez Raphael ,   Sanger Mouse Genetics Project, Shannon Carl , Sanderson Mark , Gates Amy , Dench Joshua , Vancollie Valerie , McCarthy Catherine , Pearson Selina , Cambridge Emma , Isherwood Christopher , Wilson Heather , Grau Evelyn , Galli Antonella , Hooks Yvette E. , Tudor Catherine L. , Green Angela L. , Kussy Fiona L. , Tuck Elizabeth J. , Siragher Emma J. , McLaren Robbie S. B. , Swiatkowska Agnieszka , Caetano Susana S. , Mazzeo Cecilia Icoresi , Dabrowska Monika H. , Maguire Simon A. , Lafont David T. , Anthony Lauren F. E. , Sumowski Maksymilian T. , Bussell James , Sinclair Caroline , Brown Ellen , Doe Brendan , Wardle-Jones Hannah , Griggs Nicola , Woods Mike , Kundi Helen , McConnell George , Doran Joanne , Griffiths Mark N. D. , Kipp Christian , Holroyd Simon A. , Gannon David J. , Alcantara Rafael , Ramirez–Solis Ramiro , Bottomley Joanna , Ingle Catherine , Ross Victoria , Barrett Daniel , Sethi Debarati , Gleeson Diane , Burvill Jonathan , Platte Radka , Ryder Edward , Sins Elodie , Miklejewska Evelina , Von Schiller Dominique , Duddy Graham , Urbanova Jana , Boroviak Katharina , Imran Maria , Reddy Shalini Kamu , Adams David J. , Jackson Stephen P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, but devastating genetic disease characterized by segmental premature aging, with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Cells from HGPS patients accumulate progerin, a permanently farnesylated, toxic form of Lamin A, disrupting the nuclear shape and chromatin organization, leading to DNA-damage accumulation and senescence. Therapeutic approaches targeting farnesylation or aiming to reduce progerin levels have provided only partial health improvements. Recently, we identified Remodelin, a small-molecule agent that leads to amelioration of HGPS cellular defects through inhibition of the enzyme N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10). Here, we show the preclinical data demonstrating that targeting NAT10 in vivo, either via chemical inhibition or genetic depletion, significantly enhances the healthspan in a Lmna
G609G
HGPS mouse model. Collectively, the data provided here highlights NAT10 as a potential therapeutic target for HGPS.
Transporter gene acquisition and innovation in the evolution of Microsporidia intracellular parasites
Authors: Dean P. , Sendra K. M. , Williams T. A. , Watson A. K. , Major P. , Nakjang S. , Kozhevnikova E. , Goldberg A. V. , Kunji E. R. S. , Hirt R. P. , Embley T. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe acquisition of genes by horizontal transfer can impart entirely new biological functions and provide an important route to major evolutionary innovation. Here we have used ancient gene reconstruction and functional assays to investigate the impact of a single horizontally transferred nucleotide transporter into the common ancestor of the Microsporidia, a major radiation of intracellular parasites of animals and humans. We show that this transporter provided early microsporidians with the ability to steal host ATP and to become energy parasites. Gene duplication enabled the diversification of nucleotide transporter function to transport new substrates, including GTP and NAD+, and to evolve the proton-energized net import of nucleotides for nucleic acid biosynthesis, growth and replication. These innovations have allowed the loss of pathways for mitochondrial and cytosolic energy generation and nucleotide biosynthesis that are otherwise essential for free-living eukaryotes, resulting in the highly unusual and reduced cells and genomes of contemporary Microsporidia.
A photochemical diode artificial photosynthesis system for unassisted high efficiency overall pure water splitting
Authors: Chowdhury Faqrul A. , Trudeau Michel L. , Guo Hong , Mi Zetian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels can potentially address many of the energy and environment related challenges we face today. In this study, we have demonstrated a photochemical diode artificial photosynthesis system that can enable efficient, unassisted overall pure water splitting without using any sacrificial reagent. By precisely controlling charge carrier flow at the nanoscale, the wafer-level photochemical diode arrays exhibited solar-to-hydrogen efficiency ~3.3% in neutral (pH ~ 7.0) overall water splitting reaction. In part of the visible spectrum (400–485 nm), the energy conversion efficiency and apparent quantum yield reaches ~8.75% and ~20%, respectively, which are the highest values ever reported for one-step visible-light driven photocatalytic overall pure water splitting. The effective manipulation and control of charge carrier flow in nanostructured photocatalysts provides critical insight in achieving high efficiency artificial photosynthesis, including the efficient and selective reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels.