bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting Stability and Activity of Oxygen Evolution Catalyst in Acidic Medium: Bimetallic Ir−Fe Oxides on Reduced Graphene Oxide Prepared through Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Lee Jihoon , Kim Ingyeom , Park Sehkyu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectrolysis of water in acidic media generally requires noble metals (oxides) to enhance the catalyst activity and durability in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Bimetallic Ir−Fe supported on reduced graphene oxide (IFG) is prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, followed by acid and/or heat treatment. Physical and electrochemical methods are used to elucidate the effect of the physical and chemical properties of the IFG catalysts modified by spray pyrolysis and post treatment on the OER activity and stability under harshly oxidizing conditions in 0.1 M HClO4. The IFG‐AHT catalyst synthesized via ultrasonic pyrolysis followed by acid and heat treatment exhibits superior OER activity among the IFG catalysts. The mass activity was two‐fold higher and the stability is superior to that of the commercially available Ir catalyst, indicating that the metal (oxide) dissolution rate and the interaction between Ir and the hybrid support affect the cost and lifetime of OER catalysts.
Direct Glycerol Fuel Cells: Comparison with Direct Methanol and Ethanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Zakaria Khalid , McKay Matthew , Thimmappa Ravikumar , Hasan Maksudul , Mamlouk Mohamed , Scott Keith 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe direct oxidation reaction of glycerol (GOR) was studied and compared to that of methanol (MOR) and ethanol (EOR) in both acid and alkaline media using commercial Pt/C, PtRu/C, Pd/C and PdNi/C electrocatalysts. The results show that GOR and MOR in alkaline media is better than that in acid media, in contrast to ethanol. Among the studied catalysts, PtRu/C showed the lowest onset potential and the highest catalytic activity for GOR and MOR in alkaline media, providing the lowest onset potential and a Tafel slope (TS) of 63 mV dec−1, which could be attributed to the high surface poisoning tolerance. In fuel cells, the open circuit voltage of alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) was higher than that of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the kinetic region (up to 20 mA cm−2), the power density and cell performance were higher for AEMFCs than those of PEMFCs. However, the power density peaks were higher for PEMFCs than those for AEMFCs. Both the cell performance and the power density increased with increasing temperature. Regardless of the temperature and the media, glycerol crossover is comparable to that of ethanol but much less than that of methanol.
Porous Carbon Nitride Frameworks Derived from Covalent Triazine Framework Anchored Ag Nanoparticles for Catalytic CO2 Conversion
Authors: Lan Xingwang , Li Yiming , Du Cheng , She Tiantian , Li Qing , Bai Guoyi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPorous carbon nitride frameworks (PCNFs) with uniform and rich nitrogen dopants and abundant porosity were successfully fabricated through the direct carbonization of the covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) at different pyrolysis temperatures and used as supports to anchor and stabilize Ag nanoparticles (NPs) for catalytic CO2 conversion. Importantly, the pyrolysis temperature plays a crucial role in the properties of porous carbon nitride frameworks. The material carbonized at 700 °C showed the highest surface area and micro‐ and mesoporous structure with a certain interlayer distance. Taking advantage of their unique surface characteristics, PCNF‐supported Ag NP catalysts (Ag/PCNF‐T, T=pyrolysis temperature) were prepared by a simple chemical method. A series of characterizations revealed that Ag NPs are embedded in the porous carbon nitride frameworks and confined to a relatively small size with high dispersion owing to the assistance of the abundant surface groups and porous structures. The as‐obtained Ag/PCNF‐T catalysts, especially Ag/PCNF‐700, showed excellent catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability for the carboxylation of CO2 with terminal alkynes under mild conditions. This can be due to the existence of abundant nitrogen atoms and diverse porosity, which resulted in highly efficient catalytic activity and stability.
A genetic variation in the CpG island of pseudogene GBAP1 promoter is associated with gastric cancer susceptibility
Authors: Ma Gaoxiang , Liu Hanting , Du Mulong , Zhang Gang , Lin Yadi , Ge Yuqiu , Wang Meilin , Jin Guangfu , Zhao Qinghong , Chu Haiyan , Gong Weida , Zhang Zhengdong 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPrevious genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have identified that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are implicated in gastric cancer (GC) risk. However, the multiple statistical comparisons of GWASs may reject some true biological positives with subthreshold P values.MethodsThis study annotated the genomic locations of all CpG islands in the genome using the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE). The SNPs in the regions were then genotyped using the Illumina 660W Quad chip. The effects of the prominent variations on GC risk were further confirmed in the other independent cohorts.ResultsSNP rs2990245, which is located in the promoter of pseudogene GBAP1, was associated with GC risk using GWASs data. An additional cohort of 1275 GC patients and 1424 controls validated that individuals with the CC genotype had a 62% decreased risk of GC compared with those who carried the TT genotype (P = 2.01E‐04) in the codominant model. The significant association was observed in the additive, dominant, and recessive models. A meta‐analysis combining the results from the GWASs and replication studies revealed that rs2990245 was significantly associated with decreased GC risk (P = 5.59E‐12). Importantly, rs2990245 can regulate the expression of GBAP1 by influencing the methylation status of the GBAP1 promoter. GBAP1 can act as a competing endogenous RNA by binding competitively with micro‐RNA‐212‐3p and then promoting GBA expression.Conclusionrs2990245 is significantly associated with a decreased risk of GC. Pseudogene GBAP1 contributes to the development and progression of GC by sequestering the miR‐212‐3p from binding to GBA.
Our 2018 Cancer Cytopathology Young Investigator
Authors: Faquin William C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Paris System for Urine Cytopathology (the Paris System) has succeeded in making the analysis of liquid‐based urine preparations more reproducible. Any algorithm seeking to automate this system must accurately estimate the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio and produce a qualitative “atypia score.” The authors propose a hybrid deep‐learning and morphometric model that reliably automates the Paris System.MethodsWhole‐slide images (WSI) of liquid‐based urine cytology specimens were extracted from 51 negative, 60 atypical, 52 suspicious, and 54 positive cases. Morphometric algorithms were applied to decompose images to their component parts; and statistics, including the NC ratio, were tabulated using segmentation algorithms to create organized data structures, dubbed rich information matrices (RIMs). These RIM objects were enhanced using deep‐learning algorithms to include qualitative measures. The augmented RIM objects were then used to reconstruct WSIs with filtering criteria and to generate pancellular statistical information.ResultsThe described system was used to calculate the N:C ratio for all cells, generate object classifications (atypical urothelial cell, squamous cell, crystal, etc), filter the original WSI to remove unwanted objects, rearrange the WSI to an efficient, condensed‐grid format, and generate pancellular statistics containing quantitative/qualitative data for every cell in a WSI. In addition to developing novel techniques for managing WSIs, a system capable of automatically tabulating the Paris System criteria also was generated.ConclusionsA hybrid deep‐learning and morphometric algorithm was developed for the analysis of urine cytology specimens that could reliably automate the Paris System and provide many avenues for increasing the efficiency of digital screening for urine WSIs and other cytology preparations.
Afferent neuropeptide Y projections to the ventral tegmental area in normal‐weight male Wistar rats
Authors: Gumbs Myrtille C. R. , Vuuregge Anna H. , Eggels Leslie , Unmehopa Unga A. , Lamuadni Khalid , Mul Joram D. , la Fleur Susanne E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) circuitry is a key regulator of feeding behavior. NPY also acts in the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuitry, where it can increase motivational aspects of feeding behavior through effects on dopamine output in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and on neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Endogenous NPY in the NAc originates from local interneurons and afferent projections from the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc). However, the origin of endogenous NPY in the VTA is unknown. We determined, in normal‐weight male Wistar rats, if the source of VTA NPY is local, and/or whether it is derived from VTA‐projecting neurons. Immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization and RT‐qPCR were utilized, when appropriate in combination with colchicine treatment or 24 hr fasting, to assess NPY/Npy expression locally in the VTA. Retrograde tracing using cholera toxin beta (CTB) in the VTA, fluorescent immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to determine NPY‐immunoreactive afferents to the VTA. NPY in the VTA was observed in fibers, but not following colchicine pretreatment. No NPY‐ or Npy‐expressing cell bodies were observed in the VTA. Fasting for 24 hr, which increased Npy expression in the Arc, failed to induce Npy expression in the VTA. Double‐labeling with CTB and NPY was observed in the Arc and in the ventrolateral medulla. Thus, VTA NPY originates from the hypothalamic Arc and the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem in normal‐weight male Wistar rats. These afferent connections link hypothalamic and brainstem processing of physiologic state to VTA‐driven motivational behavior.
Domain‐specific distribution of gap junctions defines cellular coupling to establish a vascular relay in the retina
Authors: Ivanova Elena , Kovacs‐Oller Tamas , Sagdullaev Botir T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the retina, diverse functions of neuronal gap junctions (GJs) have been established. However, the distribution and function of vascular GJs are less clear. Here in the mouse retina whole mounts, we combined structural immunohistochemical analysis and a functional assessment of cellular coupling with a GJ‐permeable tracer Neurobiotin to determine distribution patterns of three major vascular connexins. We found that Cx43 was expressed in punctate fashion on astroglia, surrounding all types of blood vessels and in continuous string‐like structures along endothelial cell contacts in specialized regions of the vascular tree. Specifically, these Cx43‐positive strings originated at the finest capillaries and extended toward the feeding artery. As this structural arrangement promoted strong and exclusive coupling of pericytes and endothelial cells along the corresponding branch, we termed this region a “vascular relay.” Cx40 expression was found predominantly along the endothelial cell contacts of the primary arteries and did not overlap with Cx43‐positive strings. At their occupied territories, Cx43 and Cx40 clustered with tight junctions and, to a lesser extent, with adhesion contacts, both key elements of the blood–retina barrier. Finally, Cx37 puncta were associated with the entire surface of both mural and endothelial cells across all regions of the vascular tree. This combinatorial analysis of vascular connexins and identification of the vascular relay region will serve as a structural foundation for future studies of neurovascular signaling in health and disease.
Organosilica Nanoparticles for Gemcitabine Monophosphate Delivery in Cancer Cells
Authors: Daurat Morgane , Rahmani Saher , Bouchal Roza , Akrout Alia , Budimir Jelena , Nguyen Christophe , Charnay Clarence , Guari Yannick , Richeter Sébastien , Raehm Laurence , Bettache Nadir , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Durand Jean‐Olivier , Hesemann Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrganosilica nanoparticles hold great promise for nanomedicine applications. These nanoparticles are synthesized from polytrialkoxysilylated precursors without any silica source. In this work we present two kinds of organosilica nanoparticles with either amine or ammonium walls constituting their structure. Both types of nanoparticles are very efficient for gemcitabine monophosphate delivery, a small hydrophilic anticancer drug whose encapsulation is still a challenge. The nanoparticles are endocytosed by MCF‐7 breast cancer cells as monitored by confocal microscopy. They are efficient and lead to 60% cancer cell death.
Reliable access to massive restricted texts: Experience‐based evaluation
Authors: Peng Zong , Plale Beth 
Published: April 2019

SummaryLibraries are seeing growing numbers of digitized textual corpora that frequently come with restrictions on their content. Computational analysis corpora that are large, while of interest to scholars, can be cumbersome because of the combination of size, granularity of access, and access restrictions. Efficient management of such a collection for general access especially under failures depends on the primary storage system. In this paper, we identify the requirements of managing for computational analysis a massive text corpus and use it as basis to evaluate candidate storage solutions. The study based on the 5.9 billion page collection of the HathiTrust digital library. Our findings led to the choice of Cassandra 3.x for the primary back end store, which is currently in deployment in the HathiTrust Research Center.
Text detection in natural images with hybrid stroke feature transform and high performance deep Convnet computing
Authors: Vidhyalakshmi M. , Sudha S. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDetecting Text in Images is an important step in Scene Text Recognition. It still remains a very difficult task because of the variation in size, fonts, orientation, illumination conditions, and complex backgrounds in image. In this paper, a new method to detect text in natural images with a hybrid technique using MSER and stroke feature transform and feature classification with Deep convolution neural network is proposed. The Candidate character region from the image is extracted with MSER and stroke feature transform. Next, a Deep convolution neural network is used to extract deep high level features and they are fused with fully connected layers to classify features. The proposed method achieves F‐measures of 0.73, 0.886, 0.889, and 0.885 on four benchmark Datasets SVT, ICDAR 2011, ICDAR 2013, and ICDAR 2015, respectively.
A trust‐based hypervisor framework for preventing DDoS attacks in cloud
Authors: Vetha S. , Vimala Devi K. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDistributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack is one of the major attacks that incur large financial loss in the cloud system. This motivated the research community to develop various detection techniques for controlling the effects of the DDoS attack. However, the existing techniques are not mature to satisfy the requirements of a cloud‐based attack detection system, as they manage the devious strategies that exploit the elastic and multi‐tenant properties of the cloud and ignore the resource constraints of the cloud system. This paper proposes a new solution that allows the hypervisor to establish trust‐based relationships towards the guest Virtual Machines (VMs). The Bayesian inference is applied to aggregate the objective and subjective trust sources. A trust‐based maximin game between DDoS attackers is designed. A hypervisor tries to maximize the attack minimization under a limited amount of resources. The game solution guides the hypervisor to determine the distribution of optimal detection load among VMs to improve the real‐time detection rate of DDoS attack. The Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS‐SVM) classification is applied to classify the normal VMs and malicious VMs. The file is allocated to the VM based on the storage capacity of the VM. The experimental result shows that the proposed approach achieves high DDoS attack detection rate with minimum false positive and negative rate, when compared to the existing attack detection models.
Multilevel Petri net‐based ticket assignment and IT management for improved IT organization support
Authors: Mukunthan M.A. , Selvakumar S. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe problem of incident management has been well studied and the ticketing has been handled by various approaches. Still, the methods suffer to produce higher growth in IT service management towards the development of IT organizations. To solve this issue, a multilevel Petri net‐based ticket assignment scheme has been proposed. The method maintains different services in different levels. According to the ticket identified, the ticket has been assigned through number of services in different levels. At each level, the status of service and ticket has been collected and maintained. Similarly, the number of ticket and service states has been generated. For each level and for each service, the method computes the popularity based on their previous ticket management support measure and the error rate. Finally, a single set of services has been selected for the assignment of ticket. At the selected composite service, the six sigma has been applied and validated for the quality of output. Based on the error rate identified, the process has been iterated until an optimal service has been identified. The proposed algorithm identifies an efficient set of services to be assigned for the ticket and improves the performance of ticket management. In addition, the proposed algorithm improves performance of organizational support greatly.
Polyamine Colloids Cross‐Linked with Phosphate Ions: Towards Understanding the Solution Phase Behavior
Authors: Herrera Santiago E. , Agazzi Maximiliano L. , Cortez M. Lorena , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , Tagliazucchi Mario , Azzaroni Omar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIonically crosslinked poly(allylamine)/phosphate (PAH/Pi) colloids consist of self‐assembled nanostructures stabilized by supramolecular interactions. Under physiological conditions, these interactions should be present at high ionic strength and only in a narrow pH window to be effective as drug delivery agents. In this work we study the effect of the pH and ionic strength in the chemical behaviour of inorganic phosphate (Pi), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and their mixture in aqueous solution (PAH−Pi). By combination of experimental measurements and a theoretical model, we demonstrate that the driving force that leads to the formation of colloids is the electrostatic pairing between the positively charged amino groups in PAH and negatively charged HPO42− ions. Increasing the ionic strength of the system by addition of KCl weakens the PAH−Pi interactions and narrows the pH stability window from 4 to 1.8 pH units. In addition, a fully reversible system was obtained in which the colloids assemble and disassemble by changing the pH between 6.8 and 7.1 at high ionic strength, making them suitable for use as pH‐responsive nanocarriers.
Laser Spectroscopy and Lifetime Measurements of the S1 State of Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in a Cold Gas‐Phase Free‐Jet
Authors: Chaki Nobumasa , Muramatsu Satoru , Iida Yuji , Kenjo Seiya , Inokuchi Yoshiya , Iimori Toshifumi , Ebata Takayuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Takayuki Ebata, Prof. Yoshiya Inokuchi at Hiroshima University, and Prof. Toshifumi Iimori at Muroran Institute of Technology. The image shows the first laser spectroscopic study of jet‐cooled TCNQ in the gas‐phase, which is compared with the absorption and emission in solution. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/cphc.201900214.
Low‐Input MNase Accessibility of Chromatin (Low‐Input MACC)
Authors: Lion Mattia , Tolstorukov Michael Y. , Oettinger Marjorie A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn understanding of the dynamic structural properties of chromatin requires techniques that allow the profiling of regions of both open and closed chromatin as well as the assessment of nucleosome occupancy. The recently developed MNase accessibility (MACC) technique allows for the simultaneous measurement of chromatin opening and compaction, as well as nucleosome occupancy, on a genome‐wide scale in a single assay. This article presents a low‐input MACC procedure that considerably extends the utility of the original MACC assay. Low‐input MACC generates high‐quality data using very low cell numbers (as few as 50 cells per titration point), making it ideal for samples obtained after fluorescence‐activated cell sorting or dissection, or in clinical settings. Moreover, low‐input MACC has significantly improved several steps of the initial method, offering a more rapid and robust methodology. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chemoenzymatic Preparation of 4′‐Thioribose NAD+
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Nan , Dai Zhefu , Cheng Qinqin , Zhang Yong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis chemoenzymatic procedure describes a strategy for the preparation of 4′‐thioribose nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (S‐NAD+), including chemical synthesis of nicotinamide 4′‐riboside (S‐NR), recombinant expression and purification of two NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), and enzymatic synthesis of S‐NAD+. The first basic protocol describes the procedures for introduction of nicotinamide onto 4′‐thioribose and subsequent deprotection to generate S‐NR as the key intermediate for enzymatically synthesizing S‐NAD+. In the second basic protocol, experimental methods are detailed for the production of recombinant human NRK1 and NMNAT1 to catalyze conversion of S‐NR to S‐NAD+. The third basic protocol presents the enzymatic approach for the generation of S‐NAD+ from S‐NR precursor. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mitochondrial Electron Transfer Cascade Enzyme Activity Assessment in Cultured Neurons and Select Brain Regions
Authors: Agbas Abdulbaki , Krishnamurthy Partha , Michaelis Mary L. , Michaelis Elias K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMeasurement of the electron transfer cascade (ETC) enzyme activities and their kinetic profiles is important in assessing mitochondrial function in the nervous system in health and disease or following exposure to toxic agents. The optimization of enzymatic assays for brain tissues and neurons is critical to the development of high‐throughput assay formats. This article describes a step‐by‐step protocol for reliable and reproducible assessment of ETC enzyme kinetics (Complex I‐IV) for mitochondria from small quantities of tissue from different brain regions, such as the hippocampus, cerebellum, and frontal cortex, or from neurons in culture. Methods for differential and density gradient centrifugation are detailed for isolating cell body and synaptic mitochondria from brain, as well as measurement of ETC activities in microwell plate or single‐cuvette format using spectrophotometric methods. Easy‐to follow assay layouts and useful tips are presented, allowing the user to perform these assays in under 3 hr. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.