bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling High‐Yield Phase‐Transition Dynamics in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides on Metallic Substrates
Authors: Yin Xinmao , Tang Chi Sin , Wu Di , Kong Weilong , Li Changjian , Wang Qixing , Cao Liang , Yang Ming , Chang Yung‐Huang , Qi Dianyu , Ouyang Fangping , Pennycook Stephen J. , Feng Yuan Ping , Breese Mark B. H. , Wang Shi Jie , Zhang Wenjing , Rusydi Andrivo , Wee Andrew T. S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract2D transition metal dichalcogenides (2D‐TMDs) and their unique polymorphic features such as the semiconducting 1H and quasi‐metallic 1T′ phases exhibit intriguing optical and electronic properties, which can be used in novel electronic and photonic device applications. With the favorable quasi‐metallic nature of 1T′‐phase 2D‐TMDs, the 1H‐to‐1T′ phase engineering processes are an immensely vital discipline exploited for novel device applications. Here, a high‐yield 1H‐to‐1T′ phase transition of monolayer‐MoS2 on Cu and monolayer‐WSe2 on Au via an annealing‐based process is reported. A comprehensive experimental and first‐principles study is performed to unravel the underlying mechanism and derive the general trends for the high‐yield phase transition process of 2D‐TMDs on metallic substrates. While each 2D‐TMD possesses different intrinsic 1H‐1T′ energy barriers, the option of metallic substrates with higher chemical reactivity plays a significantly pivotal role in enhancing the 1H‐1T′ phase transition yield. The yield increase is achieved via the enhancement of the interfacial hybridizations by the means of increased interfacial binding energy, larger charge transfer, shorter interfacial spacing, and weaker bond strength. Fundamentally, this study opens up the field of 2D‐TMD/metal‐like systems to further scientific investigation and research, thereby creating new possibilities for 2D‐TMDs‐based device applications.
Nature‐Inspired Tri‐Pathway Design Enabling High‐Performance Flexible Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Chen Chaoji , Xu Shaomao , Kuang Yudi , Gan Wentao , Song Jianwei , Chen Gegu , Pastel Glenn , Liu Boyang , Li Yiju , Huang Hao , Hu Liangbing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTrees have an abundant network of channels for the multiphase transport of water, ions, and nutrients. Recent studies have revealed that multiphase transport of ions, oxygen (O2) gas, and electrons also plays a fundamental role in lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. The similarity in transport behavior of both systems is the inspiration for the development of Li–O2 batteries from natural wood featuring noncompetitive and continuous individual pathways for ions, O2, and electrons. Using a delignification treatment and a subsequent carbon nanotube/Ru nanoparticle coating process, one is able to convert a rigid and electrically insulating wood membrane into a flexible and electrically conductive material. The resulting cell walls are comprised of cellulose nanofibers with abundant nanopores, which are ideal for Li+ ion transport, whereas the unperturbed wood lumina act as a pathway for O2 gas transport. The noncompetitive triple pathway design endows the wood‐based cathode with a low overpotential of 0.85 V at 100 mA g−1, a record‐high areal capacity of 67.2 mAh cm−2, a long cycling life of 220 cycles, and superior electrochemical and mechanical stability. The integration of such excellent electrochemical performance, outstanding mechanical flexibility, and renewable yet cost‐effective starting materials via a nature‐inspired design opens new opportunities for developing portable energy storage devices.
Zwitterions for Organic/Perovskite Solar Cells, Light‐Emitting Devices, and Lithium Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Islam Amjad , Li Jianguo , Pervaiz Muhammad , Lu Zheng‐Hong , Sain Mohini , Chen Lihui , Ouyang Xinhua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractZwitterions, a class of materials that contain covalently bonded cations and anions, have been extensively studied in the past decades owing to their special features, such as excellent solubility in polar solvents, for solution processing and dipole formation for the transfer of carriers and ions. Recently, zwitterions have been developed as electrode modifiers for organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), and organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs), as well as electrolyte additives for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). With the rapid advances of zwitterionic materials, high‐performance devices have been constructed with enhanced efficiencies by introducing them as interface layers and electrolyte additives. In this review, recent progress in OSCs, PVSCs, OLEDs, and LIBs by using zwitterions is highlighted. The authors also elaborate the role of various zwitterionic materials as interfacial layers and additives for highly efficient OSCs, PVSCs, OLEDs, and LIBs. This article presents an overview of device performance of zwitterionic materials. The structure–property relationship is also discussed. Finally, the prospects of zwitterion materials are also addressed.
Trifunctional Electrode Additive for High Active Material Content and Volumetric Lithium‐Ion Electrode Densities
Authors: Liu Tiefeng , Tong Chuan‐Jia , Wang Bo , Liu Li‐Min , Zhang Shanqing , Lin Zhan , Wang Dianlong , Lu Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe use of electrode additives such as binder and conductive additive (CA) in addition to high pore volume for electrolytes, results in reduced volumetric energy densities of all battery electrodes. In this work, it is proposed to use poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) conductive resin as a trifunctional electrode additive to replace polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and CA while simultaneously enabling low porosity electrode function. The resultant PFA binder has a long‐range ordered structure of conjugated diene, which allow electronic conductivity that leads to a CA‐free electrode fabrication process. The oxygen heteroatoms in the PFA structure reduce the diffusion barriers of lithium ions, lowers the amount of required electrolyte/pore volume and thus, increasing electrode density. Serving as a trifunctional electrode additive, a high electrode density of 2.65 g cm−3 of the LiFePO4 (LFP) electrode and therefore the highest volumetric energy density of 1551 Wh L−1 so far. The LFP electrode using PFA binder can achieve a capacity retention of ≈80% and Coulombic efficiency of over 99.9% after cycling for 500 times. The proposed in situ polymerization strategy could revolutionize the electrode process, with the advantages of being simple, environmentally friendly, and easily scalable to industrial applications.
Flow regime identification in horizontal pneumatic conveying by nonintrusive acoustic emission detection
Authors: Zhang Peng , Tian Sihang , Yang Yao , Huang Zhengliang , Sun Jingyuan , Liao Zuwei , Jiang Binbo , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong , Xie Lei , Su Hongye 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis work investigated flow regimes identification in horizontal pneumatic conveying from the scope of particle motions based on acoustic emission detection. Results showed that the variation of acoustic energy and acoustic energy fraction could be used to identify the transition between suspension flow and stratified flow. Near the transition point, the acoustic energy was maximum, and the energy fraction of particle‐wall collision mutated at high mass fluxes. Furthermore, the fluctuation distribution index (FI) was constructed learning from the concept of polymer molecular weight distribution index, and the “circumferential fluctuation difference (D)” was defined. Based on this, new identification criteria and flow regime diagram were established. In suspension flow, D >0. In stratified flow, D <0. While in slug flow, D ≈ 0. According to these criteria, flow regimes can be identified independently of changing trends of measurement parameters. The universality of above criteria was further verified under different operating conditions.
High Performance of Carbon Nanotube Refrigerators
Authors: Cantuario Tiago E. , Fonseca Alexandre F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVapor‐compression dominates the market for refrigeration devices due to low cost and relatively high efficiency. However, the most efficient vapor refrigerants are either ozone depleting or global warming substances. Solid‐state cooling is a young field of research with promising results toward the development of new, efficient, and environment friendly technology for a new generation of refrigeration devices. One of these methods is based on the so‐called elastocaloric effect (ECE), which consists of a temperature variation of a system in response to the application of adiabatic stresses. Although most of the literature describes the study of ECE solid‐state cooling based on materials undergoing phase‐transitions, a study recently predicted that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) present ECE as large as 30 K for 3% of strain. This motivates research toward the development of nanorefrigerators. As nobody knows the efficiency of such an ECE‐based CNT nanorefrigerator, here, significantly high coefficient of performance values of 4.1 and 6.5, and extracted heat per weight as large as 40 J g−1 are reported for a zigzag CNT nanorefrigerator operating in an Otto‐like thermodynamic cycle. This efficiency is shown to overcome that of some other ECE materials.
Self‐Assembled Gels Formed in Deep Eutectic Solvents: Supramolecular Eutectogels with High Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Ruiz‐Olles Jorge , Slavik Petr , Whitelaw Nicole K. , Smith David K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract1,3:2,4‐Dibenzylidene‐d‐sorbitol (DBS), a simple, commercially relevant compound, was found to self‐assemble as a result of intermolecular noncovalent interactions into supramolecular gels in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on choline chloride combined with alcohols/ureas. DBS formed gels at a loading of 5 % w/v. Rheology confirmed the gel‐like nature of the materials, electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction indicated underpinning nanofibrillar DBS networks, and differential scanning calorimetry showed the DES nature of the liquid‐like phase was retained. The ionic conductivities of the gels were similar to those of the unmodified DESs, thus proving the deep eutectic nature of the ionic liquid‐like phase. Gelation was tolerant of ionic additives Li+, Mg2+, and Ca2+; the resulting gels had similar conductivities to electrolyte dissolved in the native DES. The low‐molecular‐weight gelator DBS is thus a low‐cost additive that forms gels in DESs from readily available constituents, with conductivity levels suitable for practical applications.
Template‐Free Synthesis and Selective Filling of Janus Nanocups
Authors: Qiang Xiaolian , Steinhaus Andrea , Chen Chen , Chakroun Ramzi , Gröschel André H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe report on the formation of shape‐ and surface‐anisotropic Janus nanocups (JNCs) by evaporation‐induced confinement assembly (EICA) of ABC triblock terpolymers. During microphase separation in spherical confinement, the triblock terpolymer spontaneously adopted a hemispherical shape with an inner concentric lamella–lamella (ll) morphology. Cross‐linking and disassembly of the microparticles resulted in well‐defined JNCs with different chemistry on the inside and outside. By synthesizing polymers with increasing length of the cross‐linkable block, we tuned the mechanical stability of the nanocups, which is relevant to control opening and closing of the cup cavity. We utilize the Janus properties for selective uptake of cargo exemplified by the filling of JNCs with polymer or gold nanoparticles. The directional properties of JNCs suggest applications in locomotion, oil‐spill recovery, storage and release, templating, and as nanoreactors with attoliter volume.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Diarylation of Vinylarenes
Authors: Anthony David , Lin Qiao , Baudet Judith , Diao Tianning 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric diarylation reaction of vinylarenes enables the preparation of chiral α,α,β‐triarylated ethane scaffolds, which exist in a number of biologically active molecules. The use of reducing conditions with aryl bromides as coupling partners obviates the need for stoichiometric organometallic reagents and tolerates a broad range of functional groups. The application of an N‐oxyl radical as a ligand to a nickel catalyst represents a novel approach to facilitate nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions.
Preparation and viscoelasticity of anisotropic polyurethane composites filled with TiO2 particles
Authors: Niu Chenguang , Dong Xufeng , Xiong Xiaoyan , Qi Min 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAn anisotropic structure arranged by fillers is an effective method to make composites possess special properties, but the conventional particle‐reinforced polyurethane (PU) composites usually have an isotropic 0‐3 structure. In this study, a precipitation method was used to synthesize TiO2 particles. The particles were dispersed in a PU matrix, and the structures were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that in the presence of an applied electric field, 1‐3‐like composites with TiO2 particles in an oriented arrangement were prepared, while 0‐3 PU composites were prepared without an electric field. Dynamic viscoelasticity test results show that the PU‐TiO2 composites with a 1‐3‐like structure have a higher storage and loss modulus. The creep properties of these two kinds of PU composites were measured and further fitted with a Findley power law and Weibull model. It was found that the creep resistance and recovery properties of the PU composites were enhanced by the anisotropic structures of the filler particles in the matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47450.
Influence of highly dispersible silica filler on the physical properties, tearing energy, and abrasion resistance of tire tread compound
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sanjay , Lodha Vivekanda , Dasgupta Saikat , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra , Guha Abhilash , Sarkar Preetom , Saha Tuhin , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTRubber industry is facing a stiff challenge in the years to come. There are rising price for fossil fuel and shortage of resources. There is more stringent legislation to protect the environment and reduce the emission. Filler plays an important role in imparting useful properties to rubber products. In this article, the effects of new generation filler, on the physical properties, tearing energy, and abrasion resistance were investigated. The new generation filler, highly dispersible silica, has a dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption value of more than 180cc 100 g−1, more branched structure and relatively higher amount of small aggregates. Four different loadings of silica (up to 45 phr) were investigated. With increasing filler loading, the tensile strength and modulus at 300% elongation increased and the elongation‐at‐break decreased. The rebound resilience decreased and tan delta value improved with increasing silica content. The abradability continuously decreased with concomitant increase in the side coefficient force. The fatigue resistance was found to be better at higher silica loading. The silica particles due to its surface structure helps in crack arresting. The abradibility was related to tearing energy, loss modulus, and breaking energy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47560.
Environmental DNA as a non‐invasive sampling tool to detect the spawning distribution of European anadromous shads (Alosa spp.)
Authors: Antognazza Caterina Maria , Britton J. Robert , Potter Caitlin , Franklin Elizabeth , Hardouin Emilie A. , Gutmann Roberts Catherine , Aprahamian Miran , Andreou Demetra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Populations of the European shads Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Alosa fallax Lacépède, 1800 (Alosa spp.) are protected under legislation because of their vulnerability to human disturbances. In particular, river impoundments block their upstream migration, preventing access to spawning areas. Knowledge on the spatial extent of their spawning is important for informing conservation and river management plans.
Determining the spatial extent of Alosa spp. spawning is challenging. They enter rivers over a 2‐3‐month period and the species potentially migrate different distances upstream. Capture and handling can be problematic, spawning events generally occur at night, and kick‐sampling for eggs is limited to shallow water. Assessing their spatial extent of spawning could, however, incorporate non‐invasive sampling tools, such as environmental DNA (eDNA).
An eDNA assay for Alosa spp. was successfully developed, based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene segment and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Application in spring 2017 to the River Teme (River Severn catchment, western England) revealed high sensitivity in both laboratory and field trials. Field data indicated Alosa spp. spawning between May and June, with migrants mainly restricted to areas downstream of the final impoundment.
eDNA can thus be used as a non‐invasive sampling tool to determine the freshwater distribution of these fishes in Europe, enhancing their conservation at local and regional scales.
Optimal harvesting policy of an inland fishery resource under incomplete information
Authors: Yoshioka Hidekazu , Yaegashi Yuta , Yoshioka Yumi , Tsugihashi Kentaro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new mathematical model for finding the optimal harvesting policy of an inland fishery resource under incomplete information is proposed in this paper. The model is based on a stochastic control formalism in a regime‐switching environment. The incompleteness of information is due to uncertainties involved in the body growth rate of the fishery resource: a key biological parameter. Finding the most cost‐effective harvesting policy of the fishery resource ultimately reduces to solving a terminal and boundary value problem of a Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation: a nonlinear and degenerate parabolic partial differential equation. A simple finite difference scheme for solving the equation is then presented, which turns out to be convergent and generates numerical solutions that comply with certain theoretical upper and lower bounds. The model is finally applied to the management of Plecoglossus altivelis, a major inland fishery resource in Japan. The regime switching in this case is due to the temporal dynamics of benthic algae, the main food of the fish. Model parameter values are identified from field measurement results in 2017. Our computational results clearly show the dependence of the optimal harvesting policy on the river environmental and biological conditions. The proposed model would serve as a mathematical tool for fishery resource management under uncertainties.
OligoCOOL: A mobile application for nucleotide sequence analysis
Authors: Khorsand Babak , Khammari Anahita , Shirvanizadeh Niloofar , Zahiri Javad , Arab Seyed Shahriar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractToday smartphones are inseparable parts of modern life and are capable of performing many desktop computers' tasks such as scientific analysis with greater convenience. Here, we present OligoCOOL, which is an Android application for analyzing nucleic sequences. This application enables users to perform several common biomedical analyses for a given nucleotide sequence. OligoCOOL is a freely accessible Android app at http://bioinf.modares.ac.ir/software/OligoCOOL, which can be a suitable tool for the experimental design in the laboratories. This application also can be used to learn the basics of nucleotide sequence analysis. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(2): 201–206, 2019.
Relationship of left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure with extent of myocardial ischemia, myocardial salvage and long‐term outcome in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Ndrepepa Gjin , Cassese Salvatore , Hashorva Desard , Kufner Sebastian , Xhepa Erion , Hasimi Endri , Fusaro Massimiliano , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Schunkert Heribert , Kastrati Adnan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to assess the association of left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP) with myocardial salvage and long‐term mortality in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThe association of LVEDP with myocardial salvage or long‐term mortality in patients with STEMI has not been investigated.MethodsThis study included 1,312 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI between 2002 and 2007. LVEDP was measured at the time of intervention. Patients were divided into three groups: a group with LVEDP in the 1st tertile (LVEDP, 4–19 mmHg; n = 496), a group with LVEDP in the 2nd tertile (LVEDP >19–24 mmHg; n = 410) and a group with LVEDP in the 3rd tertile (LVEDP >24–45 mmHg; n = 406). The primary outcome was 8‐year cardiac mortality.ResultsThe primary outcome (cardiac deaths) occurred in 114 patients. Deaths occurred in 26 (7.9%), 36 (11.5%), and 52 (16.4%) patients with LVEDP in the 1st to 3rd tertiles, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.36, P = 0.022, for 5 mmHg increment in the LVEDP values). LVEDP correlated with the extent of myocardial ischemia (R = 0.351; P < 0.001). In patients with LVEDP in the 1st to 3rd tertiles, the salvage index (proportion of initial area at risk salvaged) was 0.53 [0.27–0.84], 0.53 [0.28–0.80], and 0.43 [0.18–0.75], respectively (P = 0.012). After adjustment, LVEDP correlated inversely with myocardial salvage (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn patients with STEMI, elevated LVEDP correlated with the extent of myocardial ischemia, reduced myocardial salvage and increased risk of 8‐year cardiac mortality.
Thermal Activation of CH4 and H2 as Mediated by the Ruthenium Oxide Cluster Ions [RuOx]+ (x=1–3): On the Influence of Oxidation States
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Zhou Shaodong , Yue Lei , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThermal gas‐phase reactions of the ruthenium‐oxide clusters [RuOx]+ (x=1–3) with methane and dihydrogen have been explored by using FT‐ICR mass spectrometry complemented by high‐level quantum chemical calculations. For methane activation, as compared to the previously studied [RuO]+/CH4 couple, the higher oxidized Ru systems give rise to completely different product distributions. [RuO2]+ brings about the generations of [Ru,O,C,H2]+/H2O, [Ru,O,C]+/H2/H2O, and [Ru,O,H2]+/CH2O, whereas [RuO3]+ exhibits a higher selectivity and efficiency in producing formaldehyde and syngas (CO+H2). Regarding the reactions with H2, as compared to CH4, both [RuO]+ and [RuO2]+ react similarly inefficiently with oxygen‐atom transfer being the main reaction channel; in contrast, [RuO3]+ is inert toward dihydrogen. Theoretical analysis reveals that the reduction of the metal center drives the overall oxidation of methane, whereas the back‐bonding orbital interactions between the cluster ions and dihydrogen control the H−H bond activation. Furthermore, the reactivity patterns of [RuOx]+ (x=1–3) with CH4 and H2 have been compared with the previously reported results of Group 8 analogues [OsOx]+/CH4/H2 (x=1–3) and the [FeO]+/H2 system. The electronic origins for their distinctly different reaction behaviors have been addressed.