bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Dimensional Catalysts: From Model to Reality
Authors: Zhang Mo , Wang Zifeng , Bo Xin , Huang Rui , Deng Dehui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials have been utilized broadly in kinds of catalytic reactions due to their fully exposed active sites and special electronic structure. Compared with real catalysts, which are usually bulk or particle, 2D materials have more well‐defined structures. With easily identified structure‐modulated engineering, 2D materials become ideal models to figure out the catalytic structure‐function relations, which is helpful for the precise design of catalysts. In this review, the unique function of 2D materials was summarized from model study to reality catalysis and application. It includes several typical 2D materials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, metal, and metal (hydr)oxide materials. We introduced the structural characteristics of 2D materials and their advantages in model researches. It emphatically summarized how 2D materials serve as models to explore the structure‐activity relationship by combining theoretical calculations and surface research. The opportunities of 2D materials and the challenges for fundamentals and applications they facing are also addressed. This review provides a reference for the design of catalyst structure and composition, and could inspire the realization of two‐dimensional materials from model study to reality application in industry.
Enabling controllable time‐dependent phosphorescence in carbonized polymer dots based on chromophore excited triplet energy level modulation by ionic bonding
Authors: Sun Jie , Liu Yancen , Han Yide , Li Wenhao , Wang Nan , Zhang Lin , Zhang Yu , Deng Fuyao , Wang Dingsheng , Zhang Xia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTime‐dependent phosphorescence color (TDPC) materials are highly attractive for realizing multitiered dynamic information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. It's extremely challenging to modulate puzzle of multiple luminescence species and understand the intrinsic mechanism. Herein, we demonstrate a novel and synthesize‐friendly strategy to develop a high contrast TDPC carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) with adjustable lifetime and quantum yields. The ionic bonding is introduced in self‐protected CPDs to effectively tune the excited triplet energy level of chromophores, and promote the stable existence of L‐aspartic (AA) with green phosphorescence at 545 nm, and alkali metal aspartates (AA–M) with red phosphorescence at 665 nm. The precise regulation for TDPC lifetime can be achieved based on heavy atom effort and crosslink‐enhanced emission (CEE) effect. And, the efficient radiative energy transfer could be proven as an intrinsic mechanism for better understanding the TDPC materials. These results further expand on the fundamental principle to design high‐quality TDPC materials with more flexible regulation for luminescence properties, providing a major step forward in broadening the scope of smart phosphorescence applications.
Methylthio Substituent in SAM Constructing Regulatory Bridge with Photovoltaic Perovskites
Authors: Chen Chun‐Hao , Liu Gui‐Wang , Chen Xin , Deger Caner , Jin Run‐Jun , Wang Kai‐Li , Chen Jing , Xia Yu , Huang Lei , Yavuz Ilhan , Fan Jian , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInverted (p‐i‐n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced remarkable advancements in recent years, which is largely attributed to the development of novel hole‐transport layer (HTL) self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) materials. Methoxy (MeO−) groups are typically introduced into SAM materials to enhance their wettability and effectively passivate the perovskite buried interface. However, MeO‐based SAM materials exhibit a mismatch in highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels with perovskite layer due to the strong electron‐donating capability of methoxy group. In this work, we introduced a methylthio (MeS−) substituent that is superior to methoxy as a highly versatile self‐assembled molecular design strategy. As a soft base, sulfur atom forms a stronger Pb−S bond than oxygen. Additionally, within the CbzPh series of SAM materials, MeS−CbzPh demonstrates a more optimal HOMO level and enhanced hole transport properties. Consequently, the MeS−CbzPh HTL based device achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.01 % and demonstrated high stability, retaining 93.3 % efficiency after 1000 hours of maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Moreover, in comparison with the commonly used 4PACz‐based SAM molecular series, MeS‐4PACz also exhibited the best performance among its peers. Our work provides valuable insights for the molecular design of SAM materials, offering a highly versatile functional substituent group.
Identification of Key Post‐modification Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Lanostane‐type Triterpenoids in the Medicinal Mushroom Antrodia camphorata.
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Qun , Zhang Meng , Wang Zi‐Long , Bao Yang‐Oujie , Wang Yu‐Qi , Tian Yun‐Gang , Ye Lei , Ye Min 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLanostane‐type triterpenoids are important bioactive secondary metabolites of mushrooms, though their biosynthetic study has been challenging due to scattered genes. Herein, the strategies of combining metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses, functional motif blast, and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) annotation were used to discover three key post‐modification enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of lanostanoids in the medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata. The cytochrome P450 enzyme AcCYP4 could generate a Δ7,9(11) diene structure and introduce a 15α‐hydroxy group to the triterpene skeleton. The short‐chain dehydrogenase AcSDR6 could regio‐ and stereo‐ selectively catalyze the dehydrogenation of 3β‐OH to produce 3‐keto triterpenoids, and the catalytic mechanisms were interpreted by crystal structure analysis. AcSMT1 could introduce the methyl group at C‐24 to produce a unique 31‐carbon triterpene skeleton. This work elucidated the major biosynthetic pathway of Antrodia lanostanoids in vitro, and the discovered enzymes could be used to synthesize a series of bioactive triterpenoids.
Ultra‐small Metallic Nickel Nanoparticles on Dealuminated Zeolite for Active and Durable Catalytic Dehydrogenation
Authors: Wu Huixin , Wang Hai , Lv Yating , Wu Yuexin , Wang Yike , Luo Qingsong , Hui Yu , Liu Lujie , Zhang Mengting , Hou Kunming , Li Lina , Zeng Jianrong , Dai Weili , Wang Liang , Xiao Feng‐Shou 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEach step in the catalyst synthesis process plays an important role in tuning the catalyst structures. For zeolite‐supported nickel catalysts, we found the conventional calcination‐reduction method typically leads to the formation of large nickel particles, but a pre‐aging in hydrogen or nitrogen at a low temperature prior to final reduction can result in ultra‐small nickel nanoparticles in a metallic state. This pre‐aging treatment facilitates the interaction between Ni2+ cations and silanol nests on zeolite before the decomposition of the metal salt, leading to the formation of nanoparticles with an average diameter of ~1.2 nm. In contrast, the pre‐calcination in oxygen caused the Ni2+ aggregation before the decomposition of the metal salt precursor, yielding nickel nanoparticles larger than 5 nm. Given the structure sensitivity of nickel in cyclohexane dehydrogenation for hydrogen production, the ultra‐small nickel nanoparticles exhibited significantly enhanced activity and durability compared to previous nickel catalysts.
Preparation and Characterization of Crimped PLA Fibers With Surface Porous Structure to Promote Cell Adhesion and Growth
Authors: Liu Mengzhu , Zhang Yanping , Wang Zhaojie , Zhou Biyun , Chen Tao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTElectrospun fibrous scaffolds are widely used in vascular tissue engineering because they are able to mimic the organizational structure and biological function of a natural extracellular matrix. Improving the topological structure and mechanical properties of electrospun fibrous scaffolds is crucial for achieving good interaction between cells and materials. Herein, oriented polylactic acid (PLA) fibers with surface porous structure were prepared by electrospinning. The orientation degree of the surface porous structure (84.77° ± 5.61°) was highly consistent with the orientation degree of the fiber (83.66° ± 7.31°), which improved the porosity of the fiber and promoted the adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Then, by heat treatment, oriented PLA fibers with a surface porous structure were formed into a crimped state, which mimics the crimped structure and nonlinear mechanical properties of the elastic fibers within the blood vessel wall. The crimped PLA fibers with surface porous structure significantly improved the aspect ratio of HUVECs and promoted HUVECs‐oriented growth, which shows certain potential applications in vascular tissue engineering.
Spatial relationships of oropharyngeal structures during respiration, chewing, and swallowing
Authors: Rosero Salazar Doris Haydee , Honnlee Lucas , Nguyen Phuc Hoang , Willis Elliot , Liu Zi‐Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpatial relationships between oropharyngeal structures and their coordinated dynamics ensure proper adaptations in functions such as respiration, chewing, and swallowing. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze spatial changes in the normal oropharynx during respiration and mastication. For this purpose, eight 7–8 months old Yucatan minipigs, four of each sex were used. X‐ray fluoroscopy was recorded with the field of view focused on the oropharyngeal region. The x‐ray video clips showing respiratory cycles and masticatory sequences were digitized and traced. Points to be digitized and traced were located on the soft palate, epiglottis, tongue base, and pharyngeal wall. An X–Y coordinate system was established to trace distances and directions of each structure (structural), and between structures (inter‐structural) during phases of respiration, chewing stages, and swallowing episodes. During respiration, the soft palate showed the largest X–Y movements with the largest distance change (1.32 ± 0.64 mm). In contrast, distance changes in the tongue base were significantly smaller (0.32 ± 0.21 mm, p < 0.05). Notably, during chewing the tongue base and epiglottis showed major changes in distance and direction. Similarly, during swallowing the tongue base showed the largest changes (2.94 ± 1.28 mm) followed by the pharyngeal wall and epiglottis. Thus, although coordinated, each pharyngeal structure plays specific roles. Understanding of these spatial and specific dynamics in different oropharyngeal structures would provide the baseline to analyze the potential mechanisms of various swallowing and breathing disorders such as dysphagia and obstructive sleep apnea.
Mechanistic Insights on Chemosensing Response of Pyrene and Anthracene Based Fluorescent Probes Towards Nitroaromatic Compounds
Authors: Rani Ritu , Sarkar Madhushree 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTwo polyaromatic hydrocarbon‐based compounds, N2,N4,N6‐tris‐((pyren‐1‐yl)methyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triamine (SM1) and N2,N4,N6‐tris‐((anthracen‐9‐yl)methyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triamine (SM2) are explored as chemosensors for detecting nitroaromatic compounds. The chemosensing studies of SM1 and SM2 showed selective sensing of 4‐nitroaniline (4NA) in homogeneous medium (in Acetonitrile (ACN) and in DMSO), which is due to the hyperpolarizability of 4NA. Quenching mechanism studied for the three analytes (4NA, 2NA and PA) showed dynamic quenching in SM1 in presence of 4NA and 2NA, while static quenching in presence of PA. Solvent effect on the chemosensing response of SM1 and SM2 towards PA was observed and it showed enhancement in the response on changing the solvent from ACN to DMSO to water. DFT studies, photophysical analysis, NMR experiments and complex synthesis experiments were done to provide in depth analysis on the observed sensing phenomena. Both SM1 and SM2 being insoluble in water, were used as heterogeneous chemosensors in aqueous medium, where selective sensing was observed for 4NA and PA. The LOD of PA and 4NA by SM1 in water was found to be 1.3 ppt and 2.1 ppt, respectively. The recyclability and stability after sensing studies were confirmed by PXRD.
Biomass‐Derived Phosphorus‐Doped Porous Hard Carbon Anode for Stable and High‐Rate Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Puwu , Huo Zijing , Liu Yangjie , Bo Zheng , Wu Yongmin , Hu Xiang , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiomass‐derived hard carbon, despite being promising for anode material of sodium‐ion batteries, usually suffer from low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), poor rate capacity, and limited cycling stability caused by complex surface defects and low intrinsic conductivity. Herein, phosphorus‐doped porous hard carbon (HC@PC−P) were synthesized by the thermal polymerization of soy lecithin on the surfaces of hard carbon derived from olive kernels. The incorporation of heteroatom phosphorus in the porous hard carbon framework expands the carbon lattice spacing, optimizes the graphitization degree, and increases electrical conductivity, guaranteeing ensuring rapid electron and ion transfer. These coupling effects enable HC@PC−P anode to achieve a high reversible capacity of 350 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, an impressive initial coulombic efficiency of 89.6 %, and remarkable long‐term cycling stability at 1 A g−1 over 1000 cycles with negligible capacity fade. The mechanisms behind sodium storage and enhanced electrochemical performance were elucidated by ex‐situ Raman spectroscopy and kinetic analysis. Additionally, the assembled HC@PC−P//Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell demonstrated a high energy density of 257.9 Wh kg−1. This work provides a rational guide for designing advanced hard carbon anode materials for high‐energy sodium‐ion batteries.
LMAN2 Promotes Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis and Drug Resistance by Interacting With MAPK9 via Activation of the MAPK Pathway
Authors: Feng Chen , Li Pingping , Liu Pengtao , Wang Bo , Li Juan , Liu Peijun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionBreast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide. Lectin, mannose‐binding 2 (LMAN2) is a cargo receptor engaged in the transport and sorting of glycoproteins. Despite its ubiquity, the function and underlying mechanisms of LMAN2 in BC continue to elude understanding.MethodsMultiple databases were employed to examine the expression of LMAN2 in breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry(IHC), qRT‐PCR, and Western blot were performed to quantify LMAN2 expression in BC cell lines and clinical samples. Heat map analysis and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to analyze the correlation between LMAN2 and clinicopathological features. SiRNAs and overexpression plasmids were transfected into two BC cells to assess the effect of LMAN2 on malignant phenotypes. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used to screen for potential interacting proteins. Additionally, tumor subcutaneous xenograft mode was constructed to explore tumor chemoresistance.ResultLMAN2 expression was significantly higher in BC compared to that in matched, adjacent normal tissues, and its higher expression level was correlated with worse patient prognosis. In vitro, we found that LMAN2 functions as an oncogene, promoting BC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion, and chemoresistance while preventing apoptosis. Coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization experiments confirmed the direct binding of LMAN2 to MAPK9 in BC cells. Our investigation of signaling pathways suggested that LMAN2 is involved in the regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway, utilizing this pathway to confer cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, knockdown of LMAN2 improves the sensitivity of drug‐resistant BC cells to cisplatin (DDP) in vivo.ConclusionLMAN2 was a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for BC that promotes chemoresistance via interaction with MAPK9 and activation of the MAPK pathway.
Morphological Characteristics of Interatrial Septum and Its Clinical Relevance
Authors: P Yeshwanthi , Chopra Jyoti , Manik Punita , Rai Anurag , Kumari Sangeeta , Dande Kaweri 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe development of new trans‐septal transcatheter interventions for patients with structural heart disease necessitates a precise and comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the interatrial septum (IAS). The scarcity of gross anatomical studies has triggered our interest in exploring the morphometry and morphology of IAS.AimsTo study the morphology, morphometry and variations of the interatrial septum in autopsied human hearts.MethodsThe study was conducted on 97 autopsied fresh human hearts, in which we observed the position and shape of fossa ovalis (FOv), along with prominence of the limbus and its location. The diameter of FOv, thickness of its floor, redundancy and any variation in the IAS were noted.ResultsIn most cases (72.9%), the FOv was situated toward the inferior vena cava and was oval shaped (69.8%), with mean horizontal and vertical diameters of 17.21 ± 4.11 mm and 12.74 ± 3.78 mm, respectively. The limbus was prominent in 72.2% specimens, most commonly prominent all around (36.6%), followed by antero‐superior (28.2%), antero‐inferior (16.9%) and anterior (8.5%) prominence. The mean thickness of the floor of FOv was 0.71 ± 0.98 mm, and redundancy was observed in 47% of samples. Probe patency was seen only in 10.3% specimens. The right surface of the IAS showed more variations (71.1%) compared to the left (44.3%), in form of recesses, atrial septal pouches, fibrous strands, retinacular‐type fibrous networks and combination of more than one type.ConclusionVariations in the location of FOv, the prominence of limbus and the common occurrence of anatomical variants of the IAS mandate the preprocedural imaging of the region to reduce the failure rate and complications.
Large Myxoid Ovarian Leiomyoma: A Case Report
Authors: Aminparast Zahra , Khodaei Amirmohammad , Shakibaee Fard Zeinab 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOvarian leiomyoma is a rare, benign spindle cell tumor with a favorable prognosis. Myxoid leiomyoma, a rare subtype of leiomyoma, exhibits significant myxoid changes. We present a case study of a rare ovarian myxoid leiomyoma in a young woman. The patient presented with left flank pain and a large abdominal mass upon physical examination. Imaging indicated a solid‐cystic right ovarian mass. The patient underwent a right salpingo‐oophorectomy, and a 5 kg mass with myxoid degeneration was resected. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian myxoid leiomyoma. We discussed the challenges in the diagnosis of ovarian myxoid leiomyoma and emphasized the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment, with a favorable prognosis. This case contributes to the understanding of rare ovarian tumors and highlights the significance of histopathological and immunohistochemical examination in confirming the diagnosis.
Determination of Solubility and Metastable Zone of Sodium Hypophosphite and Nucleation Kinetics
Authors: Liu Jianbo , Zhang Tianjian , Su Hang , Xu Xin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo obtain thermodynamic and kinetic data of sodium hypophosphite, such as solubility and metastable zone, respectively, the solubility data for sodium hypophosphite in the temperature range of 298.15–373.15 K were obtained using a dynamic method. These data were then fitted to the Apelblat and Van't Hoff equations, and the corresponding model parameters were determined. The effects of stirring intensity and cooling rate on the width of the metastable zone of sodium hypophosphite in water were studied. The findings indicated that an increase in stirring intensity reduced the width of the metastable zone, whereas an increase in cooling rate resulted in its widening. The self‐consistent NýVlt and Sangwal metastable zone models were employed to calculate nucleation dynamic parameters in conjunction with classical nucleation theory. The results showed that the nucleation order was 2.311–3.361 over the investigated temperature range. 316.15 K is the critical temperature point at which sodium hypophosphite transforms into a dominant nucleation mode. The solid–liquid interface tension decreased rapidly with the increase of saturation temperature, and the solid–liquid interface tension is 1.167–2.638 mJ m−2.
Nucleophilic Triphenylgermanides of Magnesium and Calcium
Authors: Kennedy Dominic B. , Pearce Kyle G. , Morris Louis J. , Mahon Mary F. , Jones Cameron , Hill Michael S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe dimeric calcium and magnesium hydrides, [(BDI)AeH]2 [BDI=HC{(Me)CNDipp}2, Dipp=2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3; Ae=Mg or Ca] do not react with Ph3GeH in non‐coordinating solvent. Addition of THF, however, induces deprotonation and access to monomeric Ae‐germanide complexes, [(BDI)Ae{GePh3}(THF)], both of which have been structurally characterized. Although this process is facile when Ae=Ca, the analogous magnesium‐based reaction requires heating to temperatures >100 °C, under which conditions germanide formation is complicated by THF ring opening and the generation of an alkaline earth germyl‐C‐terminated n‐butoxide, [(BDI)Mg{μ2‐O(CH2)4GePh3}]. Reactions of [(BDI)Ca{GePh3}(THF)] with N,N′‐di‐isopropylcarbodiimide and benzophenone provide the respective germylamidinate and germylalkoxide derivatives, [(BDI)Ca{(i‐PrN)2CGePh3}(THF)] and [(BDI)Ca{OC(GePh3)Ph2}(THF)], demonstrating its potential as a well‐defined and soluble source of the [Ph3Ge]− anion in nucleophilic addition reactions.
Enhancing Invariant Feature Learning via Cross‐Composition and Self‐Enrichment Normalization for Visible‐Infrared Person Re‐Identification
Authors: Zhang Zexin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTVisible‐Infrared Person Re‐Identification (VI‐ReID) is a complex challenge in cross‐modality retrieval, wherein the goal is to recognize individuals from images captured via RGB and IR cameras. While many existing methods focus on narrowing the gap between different modalities through designing various feature‐level constraints, they often neglect the consistency of channel statistics information across the modalities, which results in suboptimal matching performance. In this work, we introduce a new approach for VI‐ReID that incorporates Cross‐Composition Normalization (CCN) and Self‐Enrichment Normalization (SEN). Specifically, Cross‐Composition Normalization is a plug‐and‐play module that can be seamlessly integrated into shallow CNN layers without requiring modifications to the training objectives. It probabilistically blends feature statistics between instances, thereby fostering the model's ability to learn inter‐modality feature distributions. Conversely, Self‐Enrichment Normalization leverages attention mechanisms to recalibrate statistics, effectively bridging the gaps between training and test distributions. This enhancement markedly boosts the discriminability of features in VI‐ReID tasks. To validate the efficacy of our proposed method, we carried out comprehensive experiments on two public cross‐modality datasets. The results clearly demonstrate the superiority of our Cross‐Composition and Self‐Enrichment normalization techniques in addressing the challenges of the VI‐ReID problem.
Enzyme‐particle Complexes Facilitate Pickering Interfacial Biocatalysis
Authors: Lu Haofan , Wu Changzhu , Li Jian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPickering interfacial biocatalysis (PIB), where biocatalysts stabilize emulsions through carrier coupling or polymer grafting, has emerged as a powerful platform for organic synthesis due to its ability to accommodate water‐insoluble substrates within enzymatic cascade reactions. PIB provides a large interfacial area for two‐phase reactions, reducing diffusional resistance and enhancing transformation efficiency. The performance of PIB relies heavily on enzyme‐particle conjugates, which serve a dual function: stabilizing the emulsion and acting as the active biocatalysts in the system. In this Concept, we discuss the latest advancements, current challenges, and future directions in the development of protein‐particle conjugates for PIB.