bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desire for Purpose in Service
Authors: Wellman James K. , Corcoran Katie E. , Stockly Kate J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, we demonstrate how megachurches provide individuals with purpose through service. The genius in megachurch socialization is that it not only encourages service to others, but also conceptually roots this service as an expression of one’s “gifts.” It makes individuals feel as though their service—their gifts—are specifically and uniquely needed. Encouraging their attendees to engage in service results in a community overflowing with ministries for members and the community. Megachurches are like small towns—communities that welcome all and where every conceivable form of care is given, which includes hospital clinics for “every sinner and sickness.”
Dissecting Megachurch Scandals
Authors: Wellman James K. , Corcoran Katie E. , Stockly Kate J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the dark side of megachurches by quantifying and theorizing megachurch scandals. We collected data on megachurch scandals and identified fifty-six such scandals discussed in forty-eight online newspaper articles for the years 2006 to 2017. Most of the scandals that we studied came from the malfeasance of megachurch senior pastors, and the vast majority were sexual in nature. The charismatic bond that megachurch pastors form with their attendees and the power that stems from it can be used for their own personal gain. We theorize a form of soft patriarchalism as a way to name this power differential. We contend that the model of soft patriarchalism gives power to men and creates opportunities for them to manipulate and ruin the lives of women under their care. These scandals often lead to the implosion of megachurches, where the charismatic bond between the pastor and congregation is irrevocably broken.
The Problem of the Border
Authors: Schain Martin A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This introductory chapter examines questions that have been raised about the evolving importance of the border, from whether global trade has made borders less relevant, to whether states still possess the capability (or the will) to control borders. A great deal has been written about border policies in Europe and the United States, but very little about how and why policies change, both over time and across space. In the United States, even during the most severe period of immigration restriction, borders were a minor focus of attention, and the northern and southern borders remained relatively open and only lightly patrolled. In Europe, even after the dismantling of the internal borders when the Schengen Agreement was implemented after 1995, the external borders still remained the responsibility of the member states, with relatively little coordination at the EU level. Therefore, why have borders become an important focus of politics?
A high-mass-ratio red-dwarf contact binary with an extremely cool close-in red dwarf
Authors: Fang Xiao-Hui , Qian Shengbang , Zejda Miloslav , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Zhou Xiao , Zhu Liying , Liao Wen Ping 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
1SWASP J161335.80$-$284722.2 (hereafter J161335) is an eclipsing red-dwarf binary with an orbital period of $0.229778\:$d, which is around the short-period limit for contact binaries. Three sets of multi-color light curves of J161335 were obtained from different telescopes in 2015 and 2016 and are analyzed using the Wilson–Devinney method. We discovered that the system is a W-type contact system with a contact degree of 19% and a high mass ratio of 0.91. By using all available eclipse times, we found that the observed $-$ calculated $(O-C)$ diagram displays a cyclic oscillation with an amplitude of 0.00196($\pm 0.00006)\:$d and a period of 4.79($\pm 0.14)\:$yr while it undergoes a downward parabolic change. This downward variation corresponds to a continuous decrease in the orbital period at a rate of $dP/dt = -4.26(\pm$0.01) $\times$ 10$^{-7}\:$d$\:$yr$^{-1}$. The small-amplitude oscillation is explained as the light travel-time effect from the gravitational influence of a third body with a lowest mass of $M _{3}$ = 0.15($\pm 0.01)M_{\,\odot }$. In solving the light curves, we found that the third light is increasing, with the wavelength suggesting that the third body may be a cool red dwarf. This is in agreement with the results obtained by analyzing the $O-C$ diagram. The tertiary red dwarf is orbiting the central red-dwarf binary at an orbital separation of 2.8($\pm 0.2$) au. These results suggest that the J161335 system may be formed through early dynamical interaction where the original low-mass component was replaced by a higher-mass third body and the lower-mass component was kicked out to a wider orbit. In this way, a hierarchical triple system similar to J161335 with a high-mass-ratio binary and a small close-in third body is formed.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Salivary Concentrations for Noninvasive Biomonitoring of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)
Authors: Han Alice A , Timchalk Charles , Carver Zana A , Weber Thomas J , Tyrrell Kimberly J , Sontag Ryan L , Gibbins Teresa , Chrisler William B , Weitz Karl K , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe , Smith Jordan N 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSaliva has become a favorable sample matrix for biomonitoring due to its noninvasive attributes and overall flexibility in collection. To ensure measured salivary concentrations reflect the exposure, a solid understanding of the salivary transport mechanism and relationships between salivary concentrations and other monitored matrices (ie, blood, urine) is needed. Salivary transport of a commonly applied herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), was observed in vitro and in vivo and a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to translate observations from the cell culture model to those in animal models and further evaluate 2,4-D kinetics in humans. Although apparent differences in experimental in vitro and in vivo saliva:plasma ratios (0.034 and 0.0079) were observed, simulations with the PBPK model demonstrated dynamic time and dose-dependent saliva:plasma ratios, elucidating key mechanisms affecting salivary transport. The model suggested that 2,4-D exhibited diffusion-limited transport to saliva and was additionally impacted by protein binding saturation and permeability across the salivary gland. Consideration of sampling times post-exposure and potential saturation of transport mechanisms are then critical aspects for interpreting salivary 2,4-D biomonitoring observations. This work utilized PBPK modeling in in vitro to in vivo translation to explore benefits and limitations of salivary analysis for occupational biomonitoring.
What information do healthcare professionals need to inform premenopausal women about risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy?
Authors: Hickey Martha , Rio Ines , Trainer Alison , Marino Jennifer L , Wrede C. David , Peate Michelle 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to identify the unmet information needs of healthcare professionals managing risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (RRBSO) in premenopausal women.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals managing high-risk women in Victoria, Australia. Questions included roles and responsibilities around RRBSO, perceived barriers to uptake of RRBSO, and unmet information needs.

Results:
One hundred eighteen healthcare professionals across 10 different disciplines and specialties were approached to participate, of whom 47 completed the survey. Most respondents were genetic counselors (47%) or nurses (19%) and all worked in the public health system. Almost all (81%) provided information about RRBSO, but there was considerable uncertainty about who was responsible for making decisions with high-risk women about RRBSO. Most (85%) were “quite a bit” or “extremely” confident about informing high-risk women about ovarian cancer risk reduction from RRBSO and the surgical procedure (47%), but only one-third were “quite a bit” or “extremely” confident about discussing (36%) or managing (31%) surgical menopause. Furthermore, surgical menopause was considered the main barrier (88%, “quite a bit” or “extremely”) to RRBSO. Most healthcare professionals (78%) wanted more information and resources about surgical menopause for high-risk women.

Conclusions:
There is uncertainty around the roles and responsibilities of healthcare professionals managing high-risk women around RRBSO. Surgical menopause is perceived as a major barrier to RRBSO and healthcare professionals lack confidence in managing this outcome.

Video Summary:
http://links.lww.com/MENO/A477.
Extended Prophylaxis With Nevirapine Does Not Affect Growth in HIV-Exposed Infants
Authors: Onyango-Makumbi Carolyne , Owora Arthur H. , Mwiru Ramadhani S. , Mwatha Anthony , Young Alicia M. , Moodley Dhayendre , Coovadia Hoosen M. , Stranix-Chibanda Lynda , Manji Karim , Maldonado Yvonne , Richardson Paul , Andrew Philip , George Kathleen , Fawzi Wafaie , Fowler Mary Glenn 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Effects of prolonged nevirapine prophylaxis exposure on growth among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants are unknown. This study examines the impact of extended nevirapine prophylaxis from 6 weeks to 6 months on the growth of HEU infants followed for 18 months and also identifies correlates of incident wasting, stunting, underweight, and low head circumference in the HPTN 046 trial.

Methods:
Intention-to-treat analysis examined the effect of extended nevirapine exposure on: weight-for-age Z-score, length-for-age Z-score, weight-for-length Z-score, and head circumference-for-age Z-score. Multivariable linear mixed-effects and Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare growth outcomes between the study arms and identify correlates of incident adverse growth outcomes, respectively.

Results:
Compared to placebo, extended prophylactic nevirapine given daily from 6 weeks to 6 months did not affect growth in HEU breastfeeding (BF) infants over time (treatment × time: P > 0.05). However, overall growth declined over time (time effect: P < 0.01) when compared with WHO general population norms. Male sex was associated with higher risk of all adverse growth outcomes (P < 0.05), whereas short BF duration was associated with wasting (P = 0.03). Maternal antiretroviral therapy exposure was protective against underweight (P = 0.02). Zimbabwe tended to have worse growth outcomes especially stunting, compared to South Africa, Uganda and Tanzania (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
It is reassuring that prolonged exposure to nevirapine for prevention-of-mother-to-child HIV transmission does not restrict growth. However, targeted interventions are needed to improve growth outcomes among at-risk HEU infants (i.e., male sex, short BF duration, lack of maternal antiretroviral therapy exposure, and resident in Zimbabwe).
Family history and polygenic risk of cardiovascular disease: independent factors associated with secondary cardiovascular events in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Timmerman Nathalie , de Kleijn Dominique P.V. , de Borst Gert J. , den Ruijter Hester M. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Pasterkamp Gerard , Haitjema Saskia , van der Laan Sander W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFamily history (FHx) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a risk factor for CVD and a proxy for cardiovascular heritability. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) summarizing >1 million variants for coronary artery disease (CAD) are associated with incident and recurrent CAD events. However, little is known about the influence of FHx or PRS on secondary cardiovascular events (sCVE) in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA).MethodsWe included 1,788 CEA patients from the Athero-Express Biobank. A weighted PRS for CAD including 1.7 million variants was calculated (MetaGRS). The composite endpoint of sCVE during three years follow-up included coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral events and cardiovascular death. We assessed the impact of FHx and MetaGRS on sCVE and carotid plaque composition.ResultsPositive FHx was associated with a higher 3-year risk of sCVE independent of cardiovascular risk factors and MetaGRS (adjusted HR 1.40, 95%CI 1.07-1.82, p=0.013). Patients in the highest MetaGRS quintile had a higher 3-year risk of sCVE compared to the rest of the cohort independent of cardiovascular risk factors including FHx (adjusted HR 1.35, 95%CI 1.01-1.79, p=0.043), and their atherosclerotic plaques contained more fat (adjusted OR 1.59, 95%CI, 1.11-2.29, p=0.013) and more macrophages (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.12-1.99, p=0.006).ConclusionIn CEA patients, both positive FHx and higher MetaGRS were independently associated with increased risk of sCVE. Moreover, higher MetaGRS was associated with vulnerable plaque characteristics. Future studies should unravel underlying mechanisms and focus on the added value of PRS and FHx in individual risk prediction for sCVE.
Dmc1is a candidate for temperature tolerance during wheat meiosis
Authors: Draeger Tracie , Martin Azahara , Alabdullah Abdul Kader , Pendle Ali , Rey María-Dolores , Shaw Peter , Moore Graham 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe have assessed the effects of high and low temperatures on meiotic chromosome synapsis and crossover formation in the hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) variety ‘Chinese Spring’. At low temperatures, asynapsis and chromosome univalence have been observed before in Chinese Spring lines lacking the long arm of chromosome 5D (5DL), which led to the proposal that 5DL carries a gene (Ltp1) that stabilises wheat chromosome pairing at low temperatures. In the current study, Chinese Spring wild type and 5DL interstitial deletion mutant plants were exposed to low (13°C) or high (30°C) temperatures in controlled environment rooms during a period from premeiotic interphase to early meiosis I. A 5DL deletion mutant was identified whose meiotic chromosomes exhibit extremely high levels of asynapsis and chromosome univalence at metaphase I after seven days at 13°C. This suggests that the mutant, which we namettmei1(temperaturetolerance inmeiosis 1) has a deletion of a gene that, likeLtp1, normally stabilises chromosome pairing at low temperatures. Immunolocalisation of the meiotic proteins ASY1 and ZYP1 onttmei1mutants showed that low temperature results in a failure to complete synapsis at pachytene. After 24 hours at 30°C,ttmei1mutants exhibited a reduced number of crossovers and increased univalence, but to a lesser extent than at 13°C. KASP genotyping revealed thatttmei1has a 4 Mb deletion in 5DL. Of 41 genes within this deletion region, the strongest candidate for the stabilisation of chromosome pairing at low (and possibly high) temperatures is the meiotic recombination geneDmc1.Key messageThe meiotic recombination geneDmc1on wheat chromosome 5D has been identified as a candidate for the maintenance of normal chromosome synapsis and crossover at low and possibly high temperatures.
Novel insights into the regulation of chemerin expression: role of acute-phase cytokines and DNA methylation
Authors: Kwiecien Kamila , Brzoza Piotr , Majewski Pawel , Skulimowska Izabella , Bednarczyk Kamil , Cichy Joanna , Kwitniewski Mateusz 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChemerin is a chemoattractant protein with adipokine properties encoded by the retinoic acid receptor responder 2 (RARRES2) gene. It has gained more attention over the past few years due to its multilevel impact on metabolism and immune responses. The pleiotropic actions of chemerin include chemotaxis of dendritic cells, macrophages and natural killers (NK) subsets, bactericidal activity as well as regulation of adipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Therefore, reflecting the pleiotropic actions of chemerin, expression of RARRES2 is regulated by a variety of inflammatory and metabolic mediators. However, for most cell types, the molecular mechanisms controlling constitutive and regulated chemerin expression are poorly characterized. Here we show that RARRES2 mRNA levels in murine adipocytes are upregulated in vitro and in vivo by acute-phase cytokines, IL-1β and OSM. In contrast to adipocytes, these cytokines exerted a weak, if any, response in mouse hepatocytes, suggesting that the effect of IL-1β and OSM on chemerin expression is specific to fat tissue. Moreover, we show that DNA methylation controls the constitutive expression of chemerin. Bisulfite sequencing analysis showed low methylation levels within −735 to +258 bp of the murine RARRES2 gene promoter in unstimulated adipocytes and hepatocytes. In contrast to these cells, the RARRES2 promoter is highly methylated in B lymphocytes, cells that do not produce chemerin. Together, our findings reveal previously uncharacterized mediators and mechanisms controlling chemerin expression in various cells.
Identification of spatial compartments in tissue from in situ sequencing data
Authors: Partel Gabriele , Hilscher Markus M. , Milli Giorgia , Solorzano Leslie , Klemm Anna H. , Nilsson Mats , Wählby Carolina 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSpatial organization of tissue characterizes biological function, and spatially resolved gene expression has the power to reveal variations of features with high resolution. Here, we propose a novel graph-based in situ sequencing decoding approach that improves recall, enabling precise spatial gene expression analysis. We apply our method on in situ sequencing data from mouse brain sections, identify spatial compartments that correspond with known brain regions, and relate them with tissue morphology.
Thinking small: next-generation sensor networks close the size gap in vertebrate biologging
Authors: Ripperger Simon P. , Carter Gerald G. , Page Rachel A. , Duda Niklas , Koelpin Alexander , Weigel Robert , Hartmann Markus , Nowak Thorsten , Thielecke Jörn , Schadhauser Michael , Robert Jörg , Herbst Sebastian , Meyer-Wegener Klaus , Wägemann Peter , Schröder-Preikschat Wolfgang , Cassens Björn , Kapitza Rüdiger , Dressler Falko , Mayer Frieder 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent advances in animal tracking technology have ushered in a new era in biologging. However, the considerable size of many sophisticated biologging devices restricts their application to larger animals, while old-fashioned techniques often still represent the state-of-the-art for studying small vertebrates. In industrial applications, low-power wireless sensor networks fulfill requirements similar to those needed to monitor animal behavior at high resolution and at low tag weight. We developed a wireless biologging network (WBN), which enables simultaneous direct proximity sensing, high-resolution tracking, and long-range remote data download at tag weights of one to two grams. Deployments to study wild bats created social networks and flight trajectories of unprecedented quality. Our developments highlight the vast capabilities of WBNs and their potential to close an important gap in biologging: fully automated tracking and proximity sensing of small animals, even in closed habitats, at high spatial and temporal resolution.
The pneumococcal two-component system VisRH is linked to enhanced intracellular survival ofStreptococcus pneumoniaein influenza-infected pneumocytes
Authors: Reinoso-Vizcaíno Nicolás M. , Cian Melina B. , Cortes Paulo R. , Olivero Nadia B. , Hernandez-Morfa Mirelys , Piñas Germán E. , Badapanda Chandan , Rathore Ankita , Perez Daniel R. , Echenique José 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe virus-bacterial synergism implicated in secondary bacterial infections caused byStreptococcus pneumoniaefollowing infection with epidemic or pandemic influenza A virus (IAV) is well documented. However, the molecular mechanisms behind such synergism remain largely ill-defined. In pneumocytes infected with influenza A virus, subsequent infection withS. pneumoniaeleads to enhanced pneumococcal intracellular survival. The pneumococcal two-component system VisRH appears essential for such enhanced survival. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis between the ΔvisRandwtstrains, a list of 179 differentially expressed genes was defined. Among those, theclpLprotein chaperone gene and thepsaBMn+2transporter gene, which are involved in the stress response, are important in enhancingS. pneumoniaesurvival in influenza-infected cells. The ΔvisR,ΔclpLand ΔpsaBdeletion mutants display increased susceptibility to acidic and oxidative stress and no enhancement of intracellular survival in IAV-infected pneumocyte cells. These results suggest that the VisRH two-component system senses IAV-induced stress conditions and controls adaptive responses that allow survival ofS. pneumoniaein IAV-infected pneumocytes.Author summaryS. pneumoniaeis an inhabitant of the human nasopharynx that is capable of causing a variety of infections contributing to an estimated 1.6 million deaths each year. Many of these deaths occur as result of secondaryS. pneumoniaeinfections following seasonal or pandemic influenza. AlthoughS. pneumoniaeis considered a typical extracellular pathogen, an intracellular survival mechanism has been more recently recognized as significant in bacterial pathogenesis. The synergistic effects between influenza A andS. pneumoniaein secondary bacterial infection are well documented; however, the effects of influenza infections on intracellular survival ofS. pneumoniaeare ill-defined. Here, we provide evidence that influenza infection increasesS. pneumoniaeintracellular survival in pneumocytes. We demonstrate that the poorly understood VisRH signal transduction system in pneumococcus controls the expression of genes involved in the stress response thatS. pneumoniaeneeds to increase intracellular survival in influenza A-infected pneumocytes. These findings have important implications for understanding secondary bacterial pathogenesis following influenza and for the treatment of such infections in influenza-stricken patients.