bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molten salt synthesis of BaTiO3 nanorods: Dielectric, optical properties, and structural characterizations
Authors: Xue Piaojie , Wu Heng , Xia Weiren , Pei Zhipeng , Lu Yao , Zhu Xinhua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSingle‐crystalline perovskite BaTiO3 (BTO) nanorods were synthesized by (BaTi2O5‐template) molten salt synthesis (MSS) methods. The effects of process parameters (eg, calcination temperature, reaction time, molten salt content, as well as different phase structures of TiO2 and barium oxides) on the formation of BTO nanorods and their structural characteristics were systematically investigated. The BTO nanorods synthesized at 800°C for 5 hours by MSS method with the molar salt ratios of BaCO3:TiO2 (anatase):NaCl:KCl equal to 1:1:60:60, exhibited smooth and clean surfaces through their lengths. Their diameters were in the range of 130‐200 nm with average length of 5 μm. Large‐scale amount of BTO nanorods was synthesized by BaTi2O5‐template MSS method at 650°C with molar salt ratios of BaC2O4:BaTi2O5 (template):NaCl:KCl equal to 1:1:60:60. The BTO nanorods successfully retained the one‐dimensional morphology of the BaTi2O5 templates and their lengths were in the range of 5‐10 μm with an average diameter of ~300 nm. The single‐crystalline nature of individual BTO nanorod was revealed by its selected area electron diffraction patterns and high‐resolution TEM images. The BTO nanorods exhibited good optical properties with optical bandgaps in the range of 2.5‐2.6 eV. Such optical bandgaps make the present BTO nanorods promising candidates for ferroelectric photovoltaic devices. Dielectric properties of the BTO nanorods synthesized by MSS method were comparatively investigated with the BTO nanorods synthesized by the BaTi2O5‐template MSS method. It is found that the later BTO nanorods exhibit better dielectric properties and their synthesized temperature is also much lower than the former ones.
Novel device for in situ process characterization of oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites fabricated by flexible injection
Authors: Scola Alessandro , Podgorski Michaël , Eberling‐Fux Nicolas , Turenne Sylvain , Ruiz Edu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this work, a new manufacturing process of CMC by liquid molding was studied. An instrumented device has been developed to characterize the through‐thickness impregnation of ceramic fibers by a slurry charged with submicron ceramic particles. This instrument was used to characterize the permeability of the fibrous reinforcement and the formation of the ceramic cake by filtration of a ceramic particle suspension. Slurries containing different concentrations (10, 25, 33, and 40 vol%) of mono‐dispersed alumina particles were filtered under different pressure conditions (345, 415, 485 kPa) to optimize the cake formation and filling of fibrous reinforcements while controlling the porosity level. Ceramic cakes exhibited an average permeability of 1.0 × 10−17 m2 while the manufactured all‐oxide composites resulted in a permeability of 0.6 × 10−17 m2. Furthermore, a mathematical model based on Darcy's law was developed in this study to predict the rate of filtering and cake formation during injection using the permeability and filtration data measured with the experimental device. This mathematical model allows to determine the filtration time to produce a dense ceramic composite with an accuracy of ±15%, which corresponds to an error of less than 0.1 mm on the thickness of formed CMC.
Influence of free carbon on the Young's modulus and hardness of polymer‐derived silicon oxycarbide glasses
Authors: Sorarù Gian Domenico , Kundanati Lakshminath , Santhosh Balanand , Pugno Nicola 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSilicon oxycarbide (SiOC) glasses in the form of thin, dense, and crack‐free samples were fabricated according to the polymer pyrolysis route starting from cross‐linked polysiloxane. The amount of free carbon in the final SiOC materials was varied in the range 18‐60 vol%. The mechanical properties of the SiOC glasses were measured by nanoindentaion technique and revealed that both the Young's modulus and the hardness decrease with increase in the free carbon content and follow a simple rule of mixtures model.
Symmetrical acral keratoderma revisited: proposal for a new term, ‘pigmented carpotarsal hyperkeratosis’
Authors: Chen W. , Song Z. , Yang C.‐C. , Hao F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFirst reported from Taiwan mistakenly as acral acanthosis nigricans in 1991, pigmented carpotarsal hyperkeratosis or hyperkeratosis nigricans carpi et tarsi displays a peculiar distribution of velvety brown‐grey hyperpigmented plaques symmetrically on the flexural side of the wrists and ankles and on the dorsal sides of the hands and feet. A marked epidermal hyperkeratosis with typically mild acanthosis and papillomatosis is observed in histology. Whitish maceration upon perspiration or water exposure, with exacerbation in summer but remission in winter, is common. The association with obesity, endocrine disorders, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis or malignancy is unknown. Familial occurrence and hereditary patterns are ill‐defined. There is preliminary evidence indicating a pathogenic role of missense mutation in the transcription factor 4 gene. Treatment is empirical, with good outcome with topical retinoids and keratolytic agents. Recurrence is common, and long‐term prognosis is unclear. To be distinguished are acral acanthosis nigricans, palmoplantar keratoderma of the Nagashima type, palmoplantar keratoderma of the Bothnian type and aquagenic palmoplantar keratoderma. Most reported cases are from Southern China and are predominantly observed in men between the ages of 20 and 40 years. The currently used term ‘symmetrical acral keratoderma’ is non‐specific and misleading and may lead to global unawareness, underreporting or misdiagnosis of this phenomenon. Further genetic and molecular studies are required to clarify its pathogenesis and relation to palmoplantar keratoderma.
Isothiazolinone derivatives and allergic contact dermatitis: a review and update
Authors: Herman A. , Aerts O. , de Montjoye L. , Tromme I. , Goossens A. , Baeck M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from isothiazolinones has frequently been described in the literature. Following an epidemic of sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) in the 1980s, and more recently toMI, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety of the European Commission banned their use in leave‐on products, while restricting that in rinse‐off cosmetics. Despite a decreasing prevalence ofACDfromMCI/MIandMI, cases caused by occupational exposure and non‐cosmetic isothiazolinone sources are on the rise. Moreover, sensitization to newer and lesser known isothiazolinones has been reported. This paper reviews the epidemiology of contact allergy to different isothiazolinones, clinical presentation of isothiazolinone‐inducedACD, most relevant sensitization sources and potential cross‐reactions between isothiazolinone derivatives. It also provides an update on recent legislative measures.
Successful use of “Choice Architecture” and “Nudge Theory” in a quality improvement initiative of analgesia administration after Caesarean section
Authors: Shakespeare Tim , Fehlberg Michelle , Slejko Tiffany , Taylor Julie , Srbinovska Irina , Bolsin Stephen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundRegular, routine, multimodal analgesia provides better pain relief following Caesarean section than reliance on “as required” opiate dosing. This quality improvement report describes the effective use of an education programme coupled with a highlighted, preprinted medication chart, employing “Nudge Theory” principles to achieve significant improvements in the administration of analgesic medications to patients after Caesarean section operations.ProblemAn acute pain service audit identified a serious deficiency with delivery of regular postoperative analgesic medications to patients following Caesarean section operations.MethodsAn audit of pain medication delivery to patients following Caesarean section demonstrated that postoperative analgesia was not being administered in line with local prescribing guidelines. Two interventions were planned:

Education sessions for anaesthetic recovery and ward staff.
Introduction of a new preprinted and highlighted medication chart.
A postintervention audit was then conducted.ResultsThere were statistically significant improvements in all medications administered to patients following the two interventions. For analgesic medications, the rate of administration of drugs in compliance with guidelines rose from 39.6% to 89.9% (P < 0.001 using 2‐sample z test). Each subgroup of medications also showed statistically significant improvements in administration compliance.ConclusionA combined approach, including application of “Nudge Theory” to the administration of analgesic medication after Caesarean section, considerably improved delivery of medications prescribed for postoperative analgesia.
Staining potential differences between an infiltrative resin and an esthetic, flowable composite
Authors: Silva Stephanie N. , Reich Alena M. , DeLeon Eladio , Schafer Tara , Rueggeberg Frederick A. , Fortson Weston M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare color change magnitude of an infiltrative resin and a flowable composite resin after immersion in commonly consumed beverages.Materials and MethodsDisks (1 × 9 mm) of a flowable composite (Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable) and a resin‐infiltrative product (Icon) were made. Specimens were dark‐stored in tap water (24 hours). Baseline color parameters (CIE L*a*b*) were obtained using a colorimeter (Easyshade V4, VITA). Specimens were immersed (dark stored, 37°C, 1 week) in commercial beverages: Kool‐Aid, coffee, Coca‐Cola, and tap water (control). ΔE00 between final and baseline conditions for each material/beverage combination was determined (N = 10/group). Initial analysis of variance indicated significant impact of major factors/interactions on ΔE00. Subsequently, t‐tests between ΔE00 values of restorative materials within each beverage was performed: alpha 0.05.ResultsKool‐Aid produced the greatest color change for flowable composite, with a ΔE00 significantly greater than the infiltrative product. No significant ΔE00 differences were noted between products immersed in coffee, however color parameters causing these differences were not similar. Water or Coca‐Cola immersion showed lowest ΔE00 values for both materials, considered visually imperceptible: ΔE00 values <0.8.ConclusionsColor change potential of infiltrative resin or resin composite was highly dependent on beverage type, with no general trends observed in which material was affected more.Clinical SignificanceStaining potential of an infiltrative restorative resin differs from that of a filled, flowable composite material on a beverage‐by‐beverage basis. The potential for color change seems not related to the presence or absence of fillers in the restorative material.
Development of a Clinically Feasible Process for Identifying Individual Health Priorities
Authors: Naik Aanand D. , Dindo Lilian N. , Van Liew Julia R. , Hundt Natalie E. , Vo Lauren , Hernandez‐Bigos Kizzy , Esterson Jessica , Geda Mary , Rosen Jonathan , Blaum Caroline S. , Tinetti Mary E. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo develop a values‐based, clinically feasible process to help older adults identify health priorities that can guide clinical decision‐making.DesignProspective development and feasibility study.SettingPrimary care practice in Connecticut.ParticipantsOlder adults with 3 or more conditions or taking 10 or more medications (N=64).InterventionThe development team of patients, caregivers, and clinicians used a user‐centered design framework—ideate → prototype → test →redesign—to develop and refine the value‐based patient priorities care process and medical record template with trained clinician facilitators.MeasurementsWe used descriptive statistics of quantitative measures (percentage accepted invitation and completed template, duration of process) and qualitative analysis of barriers and enablers (challenges and solutions identified, facilitator perceptions).ResultsWe developed and refined a process for identifying patient health priorities that was typically completed in 35 to 45 minutes over 2 sessions; 64 patients completed the process. Qualitative analyses were used to elucidate the characteristics and training needed for the patient priorities facilitators, as well as perceived benefits and challenges of the process. Refinements based on our experience and feedback include streamlining the process for greater feasibility, balancing fidelity to the process while customizing to individuals, encouraging patients to share their priorities with their clinicians, and simplifying the template transmitted to clinicians.ConclusionTrained facilitators conducted this process in a busy primary care practice, suggesting that patient priorities identification is feasible and acceptable, although testing in additional settings is necessary. We hope to show that clinicians can align care with patients' health priorities.
Association Between Cataract and Risks of Osteoporosis and Fracture: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Huei‐Kai , Lin Shu‐Man , Loh Ching‐Hui , Wang Jen‐Hung , Liang Chung‐Chao 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between cataract and cataract surgery and risks of osteoporosis and fracture.DesignNationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study.SettingTaiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database.ParticipantsIndividuals with (n=57,972) and without (n=57,972) cataracts.MeasurementsIndividuals with and without cataracts were matched 1:1 for age, sex, and index year. Those with cataracts were further divided into cataract surgery and nonsurgery groups. Incidences and hazard ratios (HR) for risks of developing osteoporosis and fracture were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression models.ResultsDuring mean follow‐up of 6.4 years, 17,450 participants with cataracts and 12,627 without developed osteoporosis or fractures. Having cataracts was significantly associated with risk of developing osteoporosis or fracture (adjusted HR (aHR) = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25–1.32, p < .001). In analyses for each event, cataract was significantly associated with greater likelihood of all outcomes (osteoporosis: aHR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.37–1.50, p < .001; hip fracture: aHR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.07–1.26, p < .001; vertebral fracture: (aHR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.18–1.33, p < .001; other fractures: aHR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.20–1.28, p < .001). Participants who underwent cataract surgery were at significantly lower risk of osteoporosis or fracture (aHR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.56–0.59, p < .001), than those who did not. Undergoing cataract surgery was also associated with lower risks of all individual events (osteoporosis; hip, vertebral, other fracture).ConclusionCataract was independently associated with increased risks of osteoporosis and fracture. There might be an association between cataract surgery and lower risks of osteoporosis and fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:254–260, 2019.
THE MEASUREMENT OF ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY FROM AN ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE: DEFINITION, MEASUREMENT AND IMPORTANCE
Authors: Harris Richard , Yan Ji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper starts by recognizing that despite the importance of absorptive capacity, economists in particular have made only limited use of the concept. Most theoretical and empirical studies derive from other fields of research. Thus, the first task is to compare and contrast the different approaches taken in measuring absorptive capacity. The rest of the paper then sets out an example of how typically economists have proceeded, using nationally representative CIS data to measure absorptive capacity across a 10‐year period and investigating if it remains stable in the long term. This is followed by considering how firms’ characteristics vary across lower to higher levels of absorptive capacity and whether such capacity determines firms’ productivity performance across both goods and service industries. Our results show that relative to other influences, absorptive capacity as measured here — net of the impact of foreign‐ownership and human capital — has a substantial influence on exporting, innovation and undertaking R&D and thus consequently firm‐level productivity. Finally, there is a discussion of why governments should consider helping firms to boost their levels of absorptive capacity.
Shark Fin Titanium Hollow Bulb Obturator: A Treatment Concept
Authors: Kapadia Yash , Kurtz Kenneth S. , Jain Vinay , Pigliacelli Steven 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRestoring esthetics and function for patients with maxillectomy defects presents a complex challenge for the clinician. Obturator prostheses are subject to rotational forces during function, allowing movement into the defect. Gaining prosthesis support from endosseous implants can limit the amount of rotation. Xerostomia and impaired tissue healing caused by radiation therapy further complicates the treatment for such patients. Several resilient and rigid obturator design concepts are available for restoration of such defects. This clinical report describes a design concept used to treat a patient with a maxillectomy defect caused by tumor resection secondary to a squamous cell carcinoma.
R‐spondin 2 promotes osteoblastic differentiation of immature human periodontal ligament cells through the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Arima Mai , Hasegawa Daigaku , Yoshida Shinichiro , Mitarai Hiromi , Tomokiyo Atsushi , Hamano Sayuri , Sugii Hideki , Wada Naohisa , Maeda Hidefumi 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveIn this study, we measured the expression of R‐spondin 2 (RSPO2) in periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue and cells. Further, we examined the effects of RSPO2 on osteoblastic differentiation of immature human PDL cells (HPDLCs).BackgroundR‐spondin (RSPO) family proteins are secreted glycoproteins that play important roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis through activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. RSPO2, a member of the RSPO family, has been reported to enhance osteogenesis in mice. However, little is known regarding the roles of RSPO2 in PDL tissues.MethodsExpression of RSPO2 in rat PDL tissue and primary HPDLCs was examined by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining, as well as by semiquantitative RT‐PCR. The effects of stretch loading on the expression of RSPO2 and Dickkopf‐related protein 1 (DKK1) were assessed by quantitative RT‐PCR. Expression of receptors for RSPOs, such as Leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G‐protein‐coupled receptors (LGRs) 4, 5, and 6 in immature human PDL cells (cell line 2‐14, or 2‐14 cells), was investigated by semiquantitative RT‐PCR. Mineralized nodule formation in 2‐14 cells treated with RSPO2 under osteoblastic inductive condition was examined by Alizarin Red S and von Kossa stainings. Nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and expression of active β‐catenin in 2‐14 cells treated with RSPO2 were assessed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting analysis, respectively. In addition, the effect of Dickkopf‐related protein 1 (DKK1), an inhibitor of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, was also examined.ResultsRat PDL tissue and HPDLCs expressed RSPO2, and HPDLCs also expressed RSPO2, while little was found in 2‐14 cells. Expression of RSPO2 as well as DKK1 in HPDLCs was significantly upregulated by exposure to stretch loading. LGR4 was predominantly expressed in 2‐14 cells, which expressed low levels of LGR5 and LGR6. RSPO2 enhanced the Alizarin Red S and von Kossa‐positive reactions in 2‐14 cells. In addition, DKK1 suppressed nuclear translocation of β‐catenin, activation of β‐catenin, and increases of Alizarin Red S and von Kossa‐positive reactions in 2‐14 cells, all of which were induced by RSPO2 treatment.ConclusionRSPO2, which is expressed in PDL tissue and cells, might play an important role in regulating the osteoblastic differentiation of immature human PDL cells through the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.
Gastrointestinal effects following acupuncture at Pericardium‐6 and Stomach‐36 in healthy dogs: a pilot study
Authors: Radkey D. I. , Writt V. E. , Snyder L. B. C. , Jones B. G. , Johnson R. A. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo quantify changes in gastric and intestinal emptying times in the conscious dog following gastrointestinal acupoint stimulation.Materials and MethodsIn a randomised, blinded crossover study, six dogs were fed 30×1.5 mm barium‐impregnated polyethylene spheres and underwent: (1) no acupuncture (Control); (2) stimulation of target points PC6 and ST36 (Target) and (3) stimulation of non‐target points LU7 and BL55 (Sham). Abdominal radiographs were assessed immediately after feeding the spheres and every hour for 12 hours and their number in the stomach and large intestines was counted.ResultsThe number of barium‐impregnated polyethylene spheres found distal to the stomach was less in the Target group compared to the Control and Sham groups between hours 2 and 4, but no differences between groups were seen for the remainder of the treatment period. The number of spheres found within the colon/rectum was less in the Target group compared to the Control and Sham groups between hours 4 and 6, and compared to the Sham group only at hour 7 but no differences between groups were seen after hour 8.Clinical SignificanceAcupuncture targeted at the gastrointestinal tract of dogs was associated briefly with slowed gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit time. This foundational study lays the groundwork for additional studies of acupuncture effects associated with altered physiologic states.
The Religiosity of Academic Scientists in the United Kingdom: Assessing the Role of Discipline and Department Status
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Scheitle Christopher P. , Peifer Jared 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudies examining the religiosity of academic scientists have often focused on comparisons with the general population, overlooking dynamics that could lead to religiosity differences within the scientist population. Expanding this literature, we present data from a survey of religiosity among scientists in the United Kingdom. We compare biologists and physicists employed at elite and nonelite departments, as past research has suggested that disciplinary and status divisions could be salient in understanding differences in scientists’ religiosity. We find that biologists in the United Kingdom are more likely than physicists to say they never attend religious services. Similarly, U.K. scientists in elite departments are more likely than those in nonelite departments to say they never attend religious services. We do not find significant differences between disciplines or status types for more private measures of religion. We argue that these patterns could result from perceived conflicts between public religious practice and meeting professional norms.