bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storm naming and forecast communication: A case study of Storm Doris
Authors: Charlton‐Perez Andrew J. , Vukadinovic Greetham Danica , Hemingway Rebecca 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOn February 23, 2017, a significant low‐pressure system named Storm Doris crossed the Republic of Ireland and the UK causing widespread disruption. As an early example of a storm named through the Met Office and Met Eireann “Name Our Storms” project, this provided an excellent opportunity to study how information about extreme weather in the UK spread through the media. In traditional media, the forecast of Storm Doris was widely reported upon on February 21–22. On the February 23, newspaper coverage of the event rapidly switched to reporting the impact of the storm. Around three times the number of words and twice the number of articles were published on the impacts of Storm Doris in comparison with its forecast. Storm Doris rapidly became a broader cultural topic with an imprint on political news because of two by‐elections that occurred by coincidence on February 23. In the social media, the rapid growth in the number of tweets about Storm Doris closely mirrored the growth of newspaper articles about the impacts of the storm. The network structure of the tweets associated with Storm Doris revealed the importance of both the Met Office official Twitter account and newspaper and rail company accounts in disseminating information about the storm. Storm names, in addition to their benefit for forecast communication, also provide researchers with a useful and easily collected target to study the development and evolution of public understanding of extreme weather events.
Long‐term stability of meteorological temperature sensors
Authors: Kowal Aleksandra , Merlone Andrea , Sawiński Tymoteusz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study presents the results of successive calibrations of sensors for meteorological applications consecutively exposed to particular environmental conditions. The determined sensor characteristics and measurement uncertainties were used to analyze how the environmental factors and the ageing of the sensor (impact of the time) results in the variation of characteristics in terms of the sensors’ stability and the reproducibility of the calibration curves obtained. The study consists of the regular calibrations of two temperature sensors: HMP 155 and Vaisala's HMP 45AC, after having been exposed to thermal shocks and exposure to extreme ranges of humidity. The selected measuring devices represent sensors commonly used in Stevenson Screens, compact solar shields and other meteorological applications. The investigation verifies the following impacts on characteristics’ change and reproducibility: time, high humidity, high and low temperatures, and rapid temperature changes (10 series) from −30 to −10°C typical for anticyclonal conditions. The result of the measurements is presented and discussed. The analysis is completed by fully understanding, evaluating and reporting uncertainties in the results.
Long‐term effect of climate change on groundwater recharge in the Grand Est region of France
Authors: Haidu Ionel , Nistor Mărgărit‐Mircea 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGroundwater recharge depends generally on precipitation. In this study, a geographical information system (GIS) procedure was applied to assess the climate change effect on groundwater recharge in the Grand Est region of France. The analysis comprises high‐resolution climate models that reflect the long‐term climatological regime. The hydrological properties include aquifers, land‐cover and terrain morphology data, which were used to develop the potential infiltration map of the study area. Two parameters, the De Martonne aridity index and effective precipitation, were combined into a 5 × 5 matrix to assess the climate change effect on groundwater recharge during the past (1990s), present (2020s) and future (2050s) periods. The present and future intense aridization and the depletion of the effective precipitation (< 650 mm) reveal the negative effects of climate change on aquifers’ recharge in the Grand Est region. The areas with high and very high climate effects will increase in the 2020s and 2050s. These areas extend mainly in the western, north‐central and northeastern parts of the region occupying the Rhine, Aube and Marne valleys. The medium effect could be found in the central, southern and northwestern parts, while the low impact on groundwater recharge was verified in the northwestern and southeastern parts of the region. The area with low effects of climate change extends mostly in the Vosges and Ardennes mountains. These findings contribute to the long‐term hydrogeological studies in the Grand Est region.
Clinical validity assessment of genes for inclusion in multi‐gene panel testing: A systematic approach
Authors: Zion Tricia N. , Wayburn Bess , Darabi Sourat , Lamb Thrush Devon , Smith Erica D. , Johnston Tami , Martin Brissa , Hagman Kelly D. F. , Parra Melissa , Antolik Christian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in sequencing technology have led to expanded use of multi‐gene panel tests (MGPTs) for clinical diagnostics. Well‐designed MGPTs must balance increased detection of clinically significant findings while mitigating the increase in variants of uncertain significance (VUS). To maximize clinical utililty, design of such panels should include comprehensive gene vetting using a standardized clinical validity (CV) scoring system.MethodsTo assess the impact of CV‐based gene vetting on MGPT results, data from MGPTs for cardiovascular indications were retrospectively analyzed. Using our CV scoring system, genes were categorized as having definitive, strong, moderate, or limited evidence. The rates of reported pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants and VUS were then determined for each CV category.ResultsOf 106 total genes, 42% had definitive, 17% had strong, 29% had moderate, and 12% had limited CV. The detection rate of variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic was higher for genes with greater CV, while the VUS rate showed an inverse relationship with CV score. No pathogenic or likely pathogenic findings were observed in genes with a limited CV.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the importance of a standardized, evidence‐based vetting process to establish CV for genes on MGPTs. Using our proposed system may help to increase the detection rate while mitigating higher VUS rates.
EPA+DHA, but not ALA, Improved Lipids and Inflammation Status in Hypercholesterolemic Adults: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhou Quan , Zhang Zheqing , Wang Ping , Zhang Bo , Chen Chaogang , Zhang Caixia , Su Yixiang 
Published: March 2019

ScopeTo compare the effects of supplementary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) versus α‐linolenic acid (ALA) on lipid profiles, inflammatory status, and fatty acid composition of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in hypercholesterolemic adults.Methods and resultsA randomized, controlled, double‐blind trial is conducted to examine the effects of consumption of control oil, 4.2 g/d ALA, 7.2 g/d ALA, 1.8 g/d DHA+EPA, or 3.6 g/d EPA+DHA for 12 weeks on lipid profiles, fatty acid composition of PBMCs and in vitro production of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) by PBMCs in 123 subjects with hypercholesteremia. After the intervention, subjects who receive a low and high dose of DHA/EPA experience 11.99% and 15.78% decreases in triglycerides which is significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.05). The in vitro study indicates that supplementation of high‐dose DHA+EPA induces the greatest decrease of IL‐6 production by PBMCs relative to other groups (p = 0.046). ALA intervention significantly increases the PBMCs composition of ALA but not EPA/DHA.ConclusionEPA+DHA, but not ALA, improves lipids and inflammation status in hypercholesterolemic adults. Supplementation of ALA does not increase the PBMCs composition of EPA/DHA in middle‐aged to elderly Chinese.
Economic and objective burden of caregiving on informal caregivers of patients with systemic vasculitis
Authors: Nguyen Joehl T. , Roberts Courtney , Thorpe Carolyn T. , Thorpe Joshua M. , Hogan Susan L. , McGregor Julie , Geryk Lorie , Carpenter Delesha M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionSystemic vasculitis (SV) is associated with substantial economic impact to patients and the healthcare system but little is known about the burden of SV on informal caregivers. We evaluated the objective caregiving burden experienced by informal caregivers of patients with SV.MethodsWe surveyed adult patients and their informal caregivers on the physical, emotional, social and economic impacts of SV. We asked patients about the extent to which they felt they were a burden to their identified caregivers. Caregivers reported the direct and indirect economic impact of SV, including employment disturbance, income loss and relative time investment of caregiving for their care recipient's SV. We used the Inventory of Caregiving Activities Questionnaire to compute the objective caregiving burden.ResultsWe analysed data from 68 SV patient–caregiver dyads. Patients reported moderate levels of subjective burden to their caregivers. Over one‐quarter of caregivers reported ever having lost some income owing to caregiving for SV. Caregivers reported spending a median of 19 weekly hours on various caregiving tasks, including a median 17 weekly hours on household activities.DiscussionGiven the extended hours that caregivers spend caring for their care recipient, intervention targets should aim to reduce caregiver burnout in the SV population. Future research should examine the relationship between the objective burden of caregiving for SV and the overall physical health, mental health and quality of life of caregivers.
Development and reliability testing of the Scale for the Evaluation of Staff‐Patient Interactions in Progress Notes (SESPI): An assessment instrument of mental health nursing documentation
Authors: Myklebust Kjellaug K. , Bjørkly Stål 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo develop and test the reliability of the Scale for the Evaluation of Staff‐Patient Interactions in Progress Notes (SESPI). Therapeutic nurse–patient interactions are fundamental in mental health nursing. However, little is known about how these interactions are recorded in nursing documentation and there is no instrument available for collecting this type of information for quantitative analysis.DesignInstrument development and reliability testing.MethodsThe development of the SESPI was based on qualitative analyses of progress notes retrieved from patient records in two mental health services. A self psychological attunement perspective guided the analyses. SESPI was tested for internal consistency and inter‐rater reliability after 22 nurses independently scored 10 progress notes.ResultsCronbach's alpha for the entire instrument was 0.977, indicating that the raters' scores had very high internal consistency. ICC was 0.770. The alpha and ICC values for each step were high, varying between 0.970 and 0.992.
Engaging Fathers in Early Obesity Prevention During the First 1,000 Days: Policy, Systems, and Environmental Change Strategies
Authors: Davison Kirsten K. , Gavarkovs Adam , McBride Brent , Kotelchuck Milton , Levy Raymond , Taveras Elsie M. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveFathers are critical stakeholders in childhood obesity prevention but are difficult to engage. This review presents a new approach to engaging fathers in obesity prevention during the first 1,000 days.MethodsThe review focuses on five existing health and social service programs, including prenatal care, pediatric care, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, home visiting, and Early Head Start. For each program, the obesity prevention services provided, evidence of father engagement, and barriers thereto are outlined. Subsequently, policy, systems, and environmental strategies are outlined to address the noted barriers and promote father engagement.ResultsAlthough the programs hold great promise in bringing obesity prevention services to fathers, barriers to their engagement are present in the inner (e.g., limited hours of operation, lack of father‐specific materials and programming) and outer (e.g., lack of model programs, best practice models, and consistent funding) settings of programs. Policy, systems, and environmental strategies to increase father engagement focus on earmarked funding, changes to national practice guidelines and practitioner training requirements, and the establishment of father‐engagement performance metrics.ConclusionsIncreasing father involvement in the specified programs will likely increase their engagement in early obesity prevention in an efficient and sustainable manner.
Meal‐Related Acyl and Des‐Acyl Ghrelin and Other Appetite‐Related Hormones in People with Obesity and Binge Eating
Authors: Hernandez Dominica , Mehta Nandini , Geliebter Allan 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivePotential mechanisms of abnormal food intake, such as dysregulation of meal‐related appetite hormones, including acyl ghrelin (AG) and des‐acyl ghrelin (DAG), were investigated among men and women with obesity, with and without binge eating (BE).MethodsParticipants (n = 42: 19 female, 23 male) were assigned to a liquid meal and water condition in counterbalanced order, and blood samples for measuring hormones were obtained before and after these conditions.ResultsParticipants with BE had significantly lower fasting and postingestive AG concentrations than participants without BE in both conditions. During the meal condition, postprandial decreases in AG concentrations were significantly smaller for the BE group than for the non‐BE group. There were no significant differences in DAG by BE group. Leptin increased significantly less after meals for those with BE compared with those without BE. There were no differences in other hormones by BE group. Fasting and postmeal hunger ratings were significantly higher for those with BE than for those without BE.ConclusionsIn individuals with BE, lower fasting AG may be due to downregulation by habitual overeating, and a smaller postmeal decline in AG may contribute to overeating. Lower postmeal leptin concentrations may also contribute to overeating.
Rapid strep testing in children with recently treated streptococcal pharyngitis
Authors: Barakat Amin J. , Evans Coni , Gill Monica , Nelson David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImportanceThe use of the rapid antigen‐detection test (RADT) has become the standard of care in the early diagnosis of group A beta‐hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis. Concern has been expressed over increased false positives when the child had been treated recently for GAS pharyngitis, resulting in over use of antibiotics.ObjectiveTo determine if the false positive rate for RADT is increased in children recently treated for GAS pharyngitis.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study to evaluate 300 children from a private practice with acute pharyngitis who were treated for GAS pharyngitis within the preceding 28 days (study group) compared to 306 children of comparable age who had not been previously treated (control group). RADT and throat culture were performed on all children presenting with signs and symptoms of acute pharyngitis. The false positive and false negative rates were determined and compared in both groups.ResultsThe false positive rate of 11.5% (23/200) in the study group was significantly higher than the false positive rate of 0 in the control group. False positives were more likely to occur in younger children.InterpretationThese data would indicate that while RADT is reliable in most children, it can lead to over treatment in children who have been recently treated for GAS. In children treated in the preceding 28 days for GAS pharyngitis, the presence of infection should be determined with a throat culture only. Treatment based on a positive RADT should be reserved for children not recently treated for GAS pharyngitis.
Variant analysis of the chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 7 in pediatric disorders of sex development
Authors: Zhang Beibei , Song Yanning , Li Wei , Gong Chunxiu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImportanceThis study investigated the role of the chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 7 (CHD7) in disorders of sex development (DSD).ObjectiveWe aimed to present the potential pathogenicity of CHD7 variants in pediatric patients with DSD.MethodsChoosing cases with CHD7 variants from DSD patients in Beijing Children's Hospital to assess for the study. Prediction software tools were used to predict variant pathogenicity in these subjects.ResultsAmong the 113 DSD patients, 22 cases had CHD7 variants. Twenty‐four different CHD7 variants were identified in the 22 DSD patients. Prediction software combined with ClinVar database information and their clinical manifestations revealed that, of the 18 patients with 46, XY DSD, two had CHARGE syndrome and two had Kallmann syndrome. Seven of the variants were highly categorized as “likely to be pathogenic” and seven as “suspected to be pathogenic”. Of the four patients with 46, XX DSD, three had ovotesticular DSD (c.305A>G, c.2788G>A, and c.3098G>A) and one had testicular DSD (c.2831G>A).InterpretationA high frequency of CHD7 variants was found in the DSD patients, especially those with 46, XY DSD. Thus, the detection of a pathogenic CHD7 variant could suggest a diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism for 46, XY DSD patients, but pre‐pubescent patients should be reassessed in adolescence to confirm this diagnosis. This study also suggests that DNA sequencing could help to identify pre‐pubescent DSD patients. Further data are required to determine the connection between CHD7 variants and sex‐reversal in patients with 46, XX DSD, and the accumulation of these data is essential and necessary for DSD research.
Effective treatment of post‐intubation subglottic stenosis in children with holmium laser therapy and cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy
Authors: Jiao Anxia , Liu Fang , Lerner Andrew D. , Rao Xiaochun , Guo Yan , Meng Chenfang , Pan Yuena , Li Gan , Li Zheng , Wang Fang , Zhao Jing , Ma Yuyan , Liu Xicheng , Ni Xin , Shen Kunling 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImportancePost‐intubation subglottic stenosis (SGS) in children can be life threatening. Definitive treatment varies and lacks a universally accepted approach.ObjectiveWe performed a prospective study to assess the safety and feasibility of holmium laser combined with cryotherapy delivered via flexible bronchoscopy for the treatment of post‐intubation SGS in children.MethodsThis study involved all patients with post‐intubation SGS seen at the Interventional Pulmonology Department of Beijing Children's Hospital between July 2014 and December 2016. Holmium laser treatment and cryotherapy was then performed under flexible bronchoscopy, whose parents refused to accept the alternative standard treatment of tracheotomy and balloon dilation under direct laryngoscopy.ResultsSixteen patients with post‐intubation SGS were included in this study. Ages ranged from 2 months to 12.25 years old. According to the Cotton‐Myer grading system, three cases were Grade II, 12 cases were Grade III, and one case was Grade IV. According to the McCaffrey system, eight cases were Stage 1, two cases were Stage 2, and six cases were Stage 3. The average number of procedures was 4.88. Fifteen of the 16 patients achieved clinical cure. One patient achieved clinical improvement. The average treatment course duration was 55.31 days. No severe complications were seen. Post‐treatment clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings and quality of life showed marked improvement.InterpretationOur study supports the conclusion that holmium laser treatment combined with cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy appears to be a safe and feasible treatment for post‐intubation SGS in children.
Successful spinal anesthesia in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type I under femoral fracture reduction and external fixation
Authors: Sun Lan , Zhang Jianmin , Zhao Xin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionMucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is an inherited lysosomal storage disorders with glycosaminoglycans accumulation in tissues. MPS patients undergoing intratracheal intubation anesthesia show high mortality, with serious anesthetic complications associated with airway thickness and narrow. The regional anesthesia is a useful alternative to general anesthesia, however performing spinal anesthesia in MPS patients are rarely documented.Case presentationWe report a case of a boy with MPS type I undergoing femoral reduction and external fixation under spinal anesthesia in combination with sevoflurane inhalational induction, getting rid of difficulties associated with intubation.ConclusionSevoflurane inhalational induction with spinal anesthesia without tracheal intubation is a safe choice for MPS I patient.
Tropical cyclogenesis at and near the Equator
Authors: Steenkamp Sian C. , Kilroy Gerard , Smith Roger K. 
Published: March 2019

The formation of tropical cyclones within a few degrees latitude of the Equator is investigated using European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses of some prominent cyclogenesis events there. The possibility of formation at the Equator is demonstrated also using idealized model simulations, starting from a prescribed, weak (maximum wind speed 5 m/s) initial counter‐clockwise vortex in an otherwise quiescent, non‐rotating environment.In the real events investigated, vortex formation occurred within a broadscale counter‐clockwise flow that encompasses a region of predominantly positive absolute vertical vorticity typically extending more than 5° south of the Equator. Patches of enhanced vertical vorticity form within this region as a result of vorticity stretching by deep convection. These vorticity patches are organized by the convection, the collective effects of which produce an overturning circulation that fluxes vorticity at low levels towards some centre within the convective region. By Stokes' theorem, the tangential circulation about circles of fixed radius around this centre increase and the vortex spins up. This process of spin‐up is the same as that which occurs away from the Equator.