bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Pregnancy, Healthy Baby: Testing the added benefits of pregnancy ultrasound for child development in a randomised control trial
Authors: Richter Linda Marlene , Slemming Wiedaad , Norris Shane A , Stein Alan , Poston Lucilla , Pasupathy Dharmintra 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
The 2016 World Health Organization Antenatal Guidelines and the 2015 South African Maternal and Child Health Guidelines recommend one early antenatal ultrasound scan to establish gestational age and to detect multiple pregnancies and fetal abnormalities. Prior research indicates that ultrasound can also increase parental-fetal attachment. We aim to establish whether, compared to routine care, messages to promote parental attachment and healthy child development, conducted during one or two pregnancy ultrasounds improve early child development and growth, exclusive breastfeeding, parental-child interactions and pre- and post-natal clinic attendance.
Methods
The effect of messages to sensitise mothers and fathers to fetal development will be tested in a 3-armed randomised trial with 100 mothers and their partners from Soweto-Johannesburg in each arm. The primary outcome is child development at 6 months post-natal. Secondary outcomes include infant feeding, parental attachment and interaction, parental mental health and infant growth, assessed at 6 weeks and 6 months. Parents in Arm 1 receive a fetal ultrasound <25 weeks during routine antenatal care at tertiary hospitals, and a second standard ultrasound at the research site within 2 weeks. Arm 2 participants receive the routine antenatal ultrasound and an additional ultrasound <25 weeks at the research site, together with messages to promote parental attachment and healthy child development. Arm 3 participants receive the routine ultrasound and two additional ultrasounds at the research site, <25 weeks and <36 weeks, together with messages to promote parental attachment and healthy child development.
Discussion
Evidence from high-income countries suggests that first-time prospective mothers and fathers enjoy seeing their fetus during ultrasound and that it is an emotional experience. A number of studies have found that ultrasound increases maternal attachment during pregnancy, a predictor of positive parent-infant interactions which, in turn, promotes healthy infant development. It is generally agreed that studies are needed which follow up parental-child behaviour and healthy child development postnatally, include fathers, and examine the construct in a wider diversity of settings, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Testing the added benefits of pregnancy ultrasound for child development is a gap that the proposed trial in South Africa seeks to address.
Trial Registration
The trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za) on 15 August 2018 (identifier: PACTR201808107241133).
Potential contributions of an on-site nurse mentoring program on neonatal mortality reductions in rural Karnataka state, South India: evidence from repeat community cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Ramesh B.M. , Kar Arin , Jayanna Krishnamurthy , Hallad Jyoti S. , Troy Cunningham , Potty Rajaram , Mohan H L , Crockett Maryanne , Bradley Janet , Fischer Elizabeth , Sudarshan H , Blanchard James , Moses Stephen , Avery Lisa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: We assessed the effects of a nurse mentoring program on neonatal mortality in eight districts in India. Methods: From 2012 to 2015, nurse mentors supported improvements in critical MNCH-related practices among health providers at primary health centres (PHCs) in northern Karnataka, South India. Baseline (n=5,240) and endline (n=5,154) surveys of randomly selected ever-married women were conducted. Neonatal mortality rates (NMR) among the last live-born children in the three years prior to each survey delivered in NM and non-NM-supported facilities were calculated and compared using survival analysis and cumulative hazard function. Mortality rates on days 1, 2-7 and 8-28 post-partum were compared. Cox survival regression analysis measured the adjusted effect on neonatal mortality of delivering in a nurse mentor supported facility. Results: Overall, neonatal mortality rate in the three years preceding the baseline and endline surveys was 30.5 (95% CI 24.3-38.4) and 21.6 (95% CI 16.3-28.7) respectively. There was a substantial decline in neonatal mortality between the survey rounds among children delivered in PHCs supported by NM: 29.4 (95% CI 18.1-47.5) vs. 9.3 (95% CI 3.9-22.3) (p=0.09). No significant declines in neonatal mortality rate were observed among children delivered in other facilities or at home. In regression analysis, among children born in nurse mentor supported facilities, the estimated hazard ratio at endline was significantly lower compared with baseline (HR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06-0.82, p=0.02). Conclusion: The nurse mentoring program was associated with a substantial reduction in neonatal mortality. Further research is warranted to delineate whether this may be an effective strategy for reducing NMR in resource-poor settings. [b]Key words:[/b] Nurse mentoring, Quality of care, Neonatal mortality This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Grant Number OPPGH5310
Effects of GPX3 and GSTA1 Polymorphisms on the Risk of Schizophrenia in Chinese Han Population
Authors: Liu Chao , Song Sijia , Zhang Junkai , Li Xiao , gao huijie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Several lines of evidence support the fact that the presence of oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia (SCZ). The glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are the major antioxidant enzymes. Polymorphic variants of GPX and GST can affect the antioxidant activities of their encoded enzymes. This study explored the possible associations of the GPX3 and GSTA1 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population.
Methods: DNA from 316 healthy controls and 303 schizophrenic patients was genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) rs736775 in GPX3 and rs3957357 in GSTA1 using a PCR-LDR genotyping assay. The χ2 test compared differences in genetic distributions between the two groups in a case–control study.
Results: No significant differences in allelic or genotypic frequencies of GPX3 rs736775 or GSTA1 rs3957357 were detected between cases and controls(GPX3 rs736775: χ2 =0.036, P=0.982 by genotype, χ2=0.020, P=0.888, odds ratio=1.017, 95% confidence interval=0.801-1.292 by allele; GSTA1 rs3957357: χ2 =1.100, P=0.577 by genotype, χ2=0.924, P=0.336, odds ratio=1.176, 95% confidence interval=0.845-1.637 by allele).
Conclusions: Our results suggest that GPX3 rs736775 and GSTA1 rs3957357 SNPs are unlikely to be a candidate gene for susceptibility to SCZ in at least Chinese Han population. However, these results should be validated by replication in different populations.
Analysis of exosomal circRNAs upon irradiation in pancreatic cancer cell repopulation
Authors: Chen Yi-yun , Jiang Ming-jie , Chen Zhi-long , Tian Ling 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Pancreatic cancer is one of most malignant tumors. However, radiotherapy can lead to tumor recurrence, which is the cause of the residual surviving cells repopulation by some molecular released from dying cells. Exosomes may mediate cell-cell communication and transfer kinds of signals from the dying cells to the surviving cells for stimulating tumor repopulation. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may be one vital kind of exosomal cargos involving in modulating cancer cell repopulation.

Methods

Next generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics were performed to analysis and annotate the expression profiles and functions of exosome-derived circRNAs in pancreatic cells during radiation. 4 circRNAs were chosen for qRT-PCR analysis to validate the sequencing.

Results

A total of 12572 circRNAs were identified, and 3580 circRNAs were annotated in literatures and circBase. There were 196 filtered differentially expressed circRNAs (182 for up-regulated and 14 for down-regulated, fold change >2, p-value <0.05). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that regulation of metabolic process and lysine degradation were the main biological processes and pathway enrichment.

Conclusions

The hsa_circ_002130-hsa_miR_4482-3p-NBN interaction network suggested potential miRNA sponge and target mRNA. Our results provided potential functions of circRNAs to explore molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer cell repopulation upon irradiation.
Fecal DNA Isolation and Degradation in Clam Cyclina sinensis: Noninvasive DNA Isolation for Conservation and Genetic Assessment
Authors: Zhang Min , Wei Min , Dong Zhiguo , Mao Shuang , Duan Haibao , Feng Senlei , Li Wenqian , Sun Zepeng , Li Jiawei , Yan Kanglu , Liu Hao , Meng Xueping , Ge Hongxing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

To avoid destructive sampling for conservation and genetic assessment, we isolated the DNA of clam Cyclina sinensis from their feces. DNA electrophoresis and PCR amplification were used to determine the quality of fecal DNA. And we analyzed the effects of different conditions on the degradation of feces and fecal DNA.Results

The clear fecal DNA bands were detected by electrophoresis, and PCR amplification using clam fecal DNA as template was effective and reliable, suggesting that clam feces can be used as an ideal material for noninvasive DNA isolation. In addition, by analyzing the effects of different environmental temperatures and soaking times on the degradation of feces and fecal DNA, we found that the optimum temperature was 4 °C. In 15 days, the feces maintained good texture, and the quality of fecal DNA was good. At 28 °C, the feces degraded in 5 days, and the quality of fecal DNA was poor.Conclusions

The clam feces can be used as an ideal material for noninvasive DNA isolation. Moreover, the quality of fecal DNA is negatively correlated with environmental temperature and soaking time.
Intention to Use Long Acting and Permanent Contraceptive Methods and Associated Factors in Health Institutions of Aksum Town, north Ethiopia
Authors: Syum Hailay , Kahsay Gizienesh , Huluf Teklehaymanot , Beyene Berhe , Gerensea Hadgu , Gidey Gebreamlak , Desta Haftom , Abay Mebrahtu , Nuguse Haben , Haile Kebede 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract Objective: In Ethiopia majority of married women practice predominantly short acting contraceptive methods. Therefore the aim of this study is to assess intention to use LAPMs and its determinants among short acting users in Health Institutions of Aksum Town, North Ethiopia. Results: Prevalence of intention to use LAPMs was 52.1% (95% CI: 47.4-57.0). Good knowledge on LAPMs [AOR=2.15; 95% CI (1.29,3.56)], positive attitude towards LAPMs [AOR=3.41; 95% CI (1.99,5.85)], 18-24 years of age [AOR=3.18; 95% CI (1.30,7.79)], being primary school in educational level [AOR=0.34; 95% CI (0.14,0.78)], decision on the number of children jointly with partner [AOR=2.05; 95% CI (1.01,4.18)], having more than two children [AOR=10.67; 95% CI (1.29,88.31)], and no [AOR=10.21; 95% CI (3.10,33.58)] and one [AOR=4.70; 95% CI (1.68,13.13)] extra number of children desired were factors significantly associated with having intention to use LAPMs compared to their counterparts. Intention to use LAPMs was low. Therefore, appropriate information, education and communication strategies must be designed to raise awareness and change negative attitude of the community on LAPMs. Key words: LAPMs, intention to use, factors, Axum, Ethiopia
The Dental complications of canine tooth bud removal in 2-12 years old children in North West Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Amare , Assefa Berihun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective: Canine tooth bud removal is a process of gouging out an infant’s canine tooth buds, using unsterile tools such as Sharpe blade, garlic, or knitting needle, without anesthesia. The aim of the study was to reveal dental complications of canine tooth bud removal among children visited the dental clinic of the University of Gondar hospital. This study was an institution-based cross-sectional conducted from January 2015-September 2016 at university of Gondar hospital on 2-12 years children. The tooth was assessed for whether it had previously oral mutilated or not. In addition to this, the oral cavity was evaluated for the presence of missed, malformed or normal canine Results: A group of 355 children aged 2-12 years was examined clinically. The mean age of the children was 7.32±3.12 (SD). The prevalence of canine tooth bud removal was 86.8% which was high in 6-9 years old (54.87%) and first position children (40.26%). The most common dental complications were; malformed enamel (hypoplastic) canine (48.5%) and missed/Unerupted canine (38.6%).
Intestinal parasitic infections and determinant factors among school age children in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dessie Awrajaw , Gebregzabher Tesfay , Kiros Berihu , Wami Sintayehu Daba , Chercos Daniel Haile 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
[EXSCINDED] Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among school children in Sobeya primary school, Northern Ethiopia, 2017.Results The prevalence of intestinal parasites in school age children was (29.9%). E.histolytica/dispar 62 (49.21%), G.lamblia 28 (22.22%), and A. lumbricoides 23 (18.25%) were the most prevalent parasitic organisms identified. Unclean finger nail (AOR= 1.72), defecating in the open field (AOR=2.82), and being barefooted (AOR=1.72) were the determinant factors for intestinal parasitic infections. Frequently washing hands reduced the chance of infections by 68%. Furthermore, children in grade 1-4 and 5-6 had higher odds developing the infections than those in grade 7-8 (AOR=8.21 and AOR=2.50, respectively).
Preterm Births and Associated Factors among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Axum and Adwa Town Public Hospitals, Tigrai, Northern Ethiopia, 2018.
Authors: Gebremeskel Gebrekiros Aregawi , kassa Nega Assefa , Mengistu Frehiwot mesfin , Welay Fisseha Tekulu , Hailu Tesfay Adhena , Gebremedhin Mussie Mulugeta , Assefa Guesh gebreayezgi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of preterm births among mothers who gave birth in Axum and Adwa public hospitals, Tigray, North Ethiopia, 2018. Result: This study showed that 13.3% from the total 472 mothers gave a preterm birth. Being a rural resident (AOR=2.13,95% CI:(1.07,4.22), short inter pregnancy interval (AOR= 5.4, 95% CI: (1.32, 22.05), previous preterm birth(AOR= 3.74, 95% CI: (1.03, 16.34), Premature rupture of membrane(AOR=4.14, 95% CI: (1.92, 8.89), induced onset of labor(AOR=2.49, 95% CI: (1.06, 5.85) multiple pregnancy(AOR= 5.69, 95% CI: (2.27, 14.28), malaria during pregnancy (AOR= 4.71, 95% CI: (1.98, 11.23), Presence of chronic illness (AOR= 4.55, 95% CI: (1.83, 11.26) were significantly associated with preterm birth.
Efficacy and safety of two Ayurvedic dosage forms for Allergic rhinitis: Study protocol for an open-label randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dahanayake JM , Perera Pathirage Kamal , Galappaththy P , Samaranayake D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immune response of the nasal mucosa to airborne allergens and involves nasal congestion, watery nasal discharge, itching of the nose and sneezing. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis may significantly affect a patient’s quality of life and can be associated with conditions such as fatigue, headache, cognitive impairment and sleep disturbances. Various complementary and alternative medicine treatments have been used for this condition in clinical practice. The Ayurveda system of medicine is the most common complementary medicine system in Sri Lanka. The aim of this study is to find out whether the use of two preparations (decoction and its freeze dried powder) over a period of 4 weeks is able to cure the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Study design This is a three arm open label non-inferiority randomized controlled clinical trial in patients with AR. The study duration is 28 days oral administration of the two Ayurvedic dosage forms (Decoction and freeze dried) and the antihistamine loratidine into the 3 arms allocated randomly. After a 1 week run-in period, eligible subjects are randomly assigned to the TMD12 decoction group, TMD12 freeze dried group and the antihistamine group. Total Nasal symptom Score (TNSS) of the patients are used as the primary efficacy outcome. TNSS is recorded and compared in all 3 arms prior to visit 1, at the end of 28 days, end of the first month of follow up and second month of follow up. Symptom scores of daytime nasal symptoms, night time nasal symptoms, non-nasal symptoms and Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire are used as secondary end points. Discussion This clinical trial will be able to provide supportive evidence based scientific data on classical Ayurvedic dosage forms and the new dosage forms developed as freeze dried powder in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Also by this trial, it is expected to develop capacity to scientifically evaluate Ayurvedic treatments that may help patients having conditions such as allergic rhinitis.
Urea Nitrapyrin Placement Effects on Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Claypan Soil
Authors: Steusloff Tyler W. , Nelson Kelly A. , Motavalli Peter P. , Singh Gurbir 
Published: August 2019

Corn (Zea mays L.) production in poorly drained claypan soils in the US Midwest is a challenge due to low soil permeability, which may result in wetter soil conditions and relatively large amounts of soil N2O emissions early in the growing season. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of urea fertilizer placement with and without nitrapyrin (NI) on daily and cumulative soil N2O emissions, and yield‐scaled N2O emissions in 2016 and 2017. Treatments included urea deep banded to a 20‐cm depth (DB), urea deep banded to 20 cm plus NI (DB+NI), urea incorporated after a surface broadcast application to ∼8‐cm depth (IA), urea broadcast on the soil surface (SA), and a nonfertilized control (NTC). Fertilizer was applied at 202 kg N ha−1. Surface soil N2O efflux rates were generally lower (<50 g N2O‐N ha−1 d−1) during the first 3 wk after N fertilization and latter parts of the growing seasons. When averaged across the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons, all fertilized treatments had significantly greater (2.33–5.60 kg N2O‐N ha−1, P < 0.05) cumulative soil N2O emissions than NTC. The DB+NI treatment had 54 and 55% lower cumulative soil N2O emissions than IA and SA, respectively. In 2017, DB+NI had similar soil yield‐scaled N2O emissions to NTC. Percentage grain yield increase over NTC was highest for DB and DB+NI. Grain yield in 2016 was 14 to 18% higher for DB and DB+NI than SA. Results suggest that DB+NI is an effective management strategy for reducing cumulative soil N2O emissions and increasing grain yields over the growing season.Core Ideas
Deep‐banded urea + nitrapyrin had 55% less soil N2O emissions than surface‐applied.
Nonfertilized control and deep‐banded urea + nitrapyrin had similar N2O emissions.
Deep‐banded urea + nitrapyrin had a 1.6% lower emission factor than surface‐applied urea.
Deep‐banded urea had a 1.0% lower emission factor than surface‐applied urea.
Trauma da medula espinhal e cuidados de enfermagem
Authors: Cavalcante Eliane Santos , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de 
Published: August 2019

Medula espinhal; Cuidados de enfermagem; Planejamento de assistência ao paciente; Enfermagem; Processos de enfermagem; Traumatismos da Medula Espinhal.
Análise radiográfica das aberturas endodônticas de dentes de pacientes referenciados a um Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas Radiographic analysis of endodontic access of patients referenced to a Center of Dental Specialities
Authors: Nascimento Bianca Mara Zakalusne do , Zortéa Cristiano , Marchiori Monique , Oliveira Kauhanna Vianna de , Tomazinho Flávia Sens Fagundes , Klamas Vanessa Cavassin , Pizzatto Eduardo , Gabardo Marilisa Carneiro Leão 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Coronary access is the first stage of endodontic treatment and aims at direct access to root canals. Objective: To evaluate, by radiographic analysis, endodontic access cavities through radiographic analysis of the teeth of patients coming from primary care referred to the Center of Dental Specialties (CEO) Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. Material and methods: A total of 226 periapical radiographs taken previous to attending the CDS were analyzed, from August 2015 to August 2017. Three trained and calibrated examiners verified the following criteria: oral cavity region, presence of remaining caries,removal of roof of the pulp chamber, compensatory mesiodistal wear, iatrogenic (suggestive) and temporary restoration. Data were tabulated and analyzed for distribution, followed by bivariate analysis (Fisher’s Exact Test) with significance of 5%. Results: The posterior region prevailed in 70.3% of the sample. There remaining caries were found in 14.2%, insufficient roof removal in 25.2%, iatrogenic in 35.4%, and inadequate height of the temporary restoration in 11.5% of the cases. In the posterior teeth, insufficient mesiodistal compensatory wear was identified in 35.4 of the exams. The bivariate analysis revealed no significant difference when the variable region of the oral cavity was analyzed in relation to the presence of caries (p = 0.393), remaining roof (p = 0.056) and presence of iatrogenic (p = 0.304). Conclusion: It is concluded that there are relevant failures in the endodontic access received in the CDS, which indicates the need for professional training in primary care.
Novel Strategies for Targeting Prostate Cancer
Authors: Panda Pritish Kumar , Saraf Shivani , Tiwari Ankita , Verma Amit , Raikwar Sarjana , Jain Ankit , Jain Sanjay K. 
Published: August 2019

:
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a worldwide issue, with a rapid increase in its occurrence and
mortality. Over the years, various strategies have been implemented to overcome the hurdles that exist
in the treatment of PCa. Consistently, there is a change in opinion about the methodologies in clinical
trial that have engrossed towards the treatment of PCa. Currently, there is a need to resolve these newly
recognized challenges by developing newer rational targeting systems. The ongoing clinical protocol
for the therapy using different targeting systems is undertaken followed by local targeting to cancer
site. A number of new drug targeting systems like liposomes, nanoemulsions, magnetic nanoparticles
(MNPs), solid lipid nanoparticles, drug-peptide conjugate systems, drug-antibody conjugate systems,
epigenetic and gene therapy approaches, and therapeutic aptamers are being developed to suit this protocol.
Recent advancements in the treatment of PCa with various nanocarriers have been reported with
respect to newly identified biological barriers and intended to solve the contexts. This review encompasses
the input of nanotechnology in particular targeting of PCa which might escape the lifethreatening
side effects and potentially contribute to bring fruitful clinical outcomes.