bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of broccoli (Brassica oelracea var botrytis) extract to the microanatomy structure of liver and kidney in mice (Mus musculus L.) after exposed by lead acetate (Pb-acetate) orally
Authors: SETYANINGSIH RIRIN DIYAH , HANDAJANI NOOR SOESANTI , HARINI MARTI 
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research were to know the effect of broccoli extract to the microanatomy structure of liver and kidney in mice after induction of lead acetate. Broccoli contains antitoxic compound such as sulforaphane, beta-carotene, indole, quercetin, and glutathione. The research was evaluated experimentally to Swiss mice at the age of 2 months with average weight of 31 g. These mice were divided into five groups. A group was a placebo controls that given only with distilled water 1 ml for 30 days. Negative control group received lead acetate orally at the dose of 0.52 mg/g body weights for 15 days. Mice of group 1, 2, and 3 received the same treatment but continued with giving broccoli extract orally in three doses: 2.1 mg; 2.8 mg and 3.5 mg/g bw/day respectively for 15 days. Liver and kidney were removed at 31st day. Observation of microanatomy structure was: 1) Determining the kind and damage level of hepatocyte, glomerulus and proximal tubules epithelia as the qualitative data; 2) Measuring the height of proximal tubules epithelia, glomerulus diameter and central vein diameter as the quantitative data, which then analyzed with ANOVA. The result of this research showed that exposed by lead acetate orally caused hydrophilic degeneration, fatty swelling and necrotic (pycnotic, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis) on hepatocyte and proximal tubules epithelia, swelling of glomeruli. Consumption of broccoli at the dose of 3.5 mg/g bw/day could repair the damage cells of lead acetate. Broccoli extract at the lowest dose (2.1 mg/g bw/day and 2.8 mg/g bw/day) could not repair the damage cells of lead acetate. Consumption of broccoli extract at the dose of 3.5 mg/g bw/day was helping the cells repairmen (i.e. hepatocyte, glomerulus and proximal tubule epithelia) in mice (Mus musculus. L) damage by lead acetate.
Bioactive compound that inhabit quorum sensing system in gram negative bacteria
Authors: AINI NUR , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI 
Published: July 2018

Bacteria communicate using chemical signaling molecules as words. They release, detect, and respond to the accumulation of these molecules, which are called autoinducers. Detection of autoinducers allows bacteria to distinguish between low and high cell population density, and to control gene expression in response to changes the cell number. This process is termed quorum sensing. Many bacterial behaviors are regulated by quorum sensing, including virulence factors on gram negative bacteria. Quorum sensing is a novel target for antimicrobial therapies. Many eukariots including plants, fungus, and animals produce molecules that can interfered bacteria communication, such as halogen furanon from alga Delisea pulchra, N- (heptylsulfanylacetyl)-L-homoserine-lactone from Allium sativum, and flustramine from bryozoan Flustra foliacea.
Effect of tomato juice (Lycopersicum esculentum) on LDL cholesterol level of white rat
Authors: AL MOKHTAR MUH. UMAR , ARININGRUM DIAN , KUSTIWINARNI KUSTIWINARNI 
Published: July 2018

Al Mokhtar MU, Ariningrum D, Kustiwinarni. 2009. Effect of tomato juice (Lycopersicum esculentum) on LDL cholesterol level of white rat. Biofarmasi 7: 22-30. The prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) over the world is very high. Atherosclerosis due to hypercholesterolemia is a predisposing factor of CHD. The role of high dietary of tomato juice is associated with a lowered LDLcholesterol. Lycopene and naringenin of tomato juice will decrease LDL cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and upregulating LDL cholesterol receptor in liver. The study aimed to determine the effect of tomato juice on LDL cholesterol in white rat, Rattus norvegicus. The study was an experimental laboratory with pre and post-test controlled group design. Thirty-four adult male Wistar rats, 3 months in age and weighing 180-200 grams, were used in the research. They were divided into two groups, group 1 (KI) as control and group 2 (KII) as treatment group of tomato juice, with 17 rats for each group. They were allowed with standard diet for 7 days. During pretest period for 2 weeks, KI and KII were given hypercholesterolemic fed 100 g/BW ad libitum (mixed diet which consisted of standard diet 88.5%, coconut oil 1%, lard oil 10% and 0.5% crystalline cholesterol), egg yolk force-fed by gastric tube 7.5 ml/BW and PTU 0.1% ad libitum. During post-test period for 2 weeks, KI was given the same intervention with pretest period and aquadest force-fed 30 ml/BW as placebo by gastric tube, whereas KII was given the same intervention with KI and tomato juice forcefed 30 ml/BW by gastric tube. The measurement of the level of LDL cholesterol was conducted by using spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS Windows 13. Studentâ€™s t-paired analysis was used for variable that normally distributed. Wilcoxon test was used for variable that skewed. Both statistical analyses were used to determine significant differences, the values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The effect of tomato juice by 30 ml/BW on LDL cholesterol for 2 weeks in Rattus norvegicus was determined. The result of t-paired test obtained showed a significant difference (p<0.05) of LDL cholesterol level before and after treatment on KII. Based on the study, there was an effect of tomato juice 30 ml/BW on LDL cholesterol for 2 weeks in Rattus norvegicus.
Extraction and characterization of pectin on green cincau (Premna oblongifolia) in edible film production
Authors: RACHMAWATI ARINDA KARINA , ANANDITO R. BASKORO KATRI , MANUHARA GODRAS JATI 
Published: July 2018

Rachmawati AK, Anandito RBK, Manuhara GJ. 2010. Extraction and characterization of pectin on green cincau (Premna oblongifolia) in edible film production. Biofarmasi 8: 1-10. The use of green cincau pectin was presumed to influence the result of edible film characteristics, i.e. thickness, solvability, elongation, tensile strength, and water vapour transmission (WVTR). The aims in this research were: (i) to find out the chemical characteristics of green cincau pectin on the physical (thickness and solvability) and mechanical properties (elongation and tensile strength), (ii) to determine the edible film inhibition of green cincau pectin against the water vapour transmission rate, and (iii) to find out the edible film capability in inhibiting the weight loss on green grape by wrapping and coating method. The five major steps in this research were material preparation (making green cincau powder and pectin extraction), the characterization of extraction result pectin, making edible film, edible film characterization, and edible film application. This research used a completely randomized design with twice replications in edible film making for each treatment concentration and twice replication for edible film characteristic testing in each edible film making replication. Variance analysis was used to analyze data, if there was a significant difference, it will be continued with a Duncan Multiple Range Test at a significance level of 0.05. The yield of green cincau powder and pectin were 27.5% and 15.2%, respectively. The extraction result pectin consisted of 5.09% water, 11.06% protein, 0.35% fat, 28.5% ash, 55.00% carbohydrate (by different), and 12.15% crude fiber. The increasing of pectin concentration tends to increase the thickness and tensile strength, but reduced the water vapour transmission rate. The lowest water vapour transmission rate occurred at the edible film with 30% pectin concentration. Its water vapour transmission rate was 0.317 g.mm/m2.hour. The green grape weight loss with a wrapping method was 0.0212 g/hour, and the green grape weight loss with a coating method was 0.0634 g/hour.
The effect of ethanolic and petroleum ether fractions of bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) bulb extract on expression of p53 mutant in breast cancer cell line T47D
Authors: SUDARMAWAN IVAN HENDRA , DLIDIR DJOKO , MUDIGDO AMBAR , BUDIANI DYAH RATNA 
Published: July 2018

Sudarmawan IH, Dlilir D, Mudigdo A, Budiani DR. 2010. The effect of ethanolic and petroleum ether fractions of bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) bulb extract on expression of p53 mutant in breast cancer cell line T47D. Biofarmasi 8: 17-26. Breast cancer was still to be the most popular disease. The second highest morbidity and mortality stages after cervix cancer which need to be involved in alternative therapy. Bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr ) had been used as anti-cancer in empiric therapy by urban society. Therefore, it was needed to determine the influence of etanolic and petroleum eter fractions of bawang dayak extract on the p53 mutant expression in T47D breast cancer cell in vitro. Epithelial cell in ductal mammae breast cancer T47D which had a malignancy and p53 mutant, with ER/PR positive status. As a comparation, it was used MCF7 cell specimen (negative control). They were cultured on 60 wells for T47D and MCF7 in RPMI 1640 media. Each well was filled with 2x105 cells/200 Âµl media. Thirty wells with a size of 1.5 cm/T47D cell diameter, cultured in etanolic and petroleum eter fractions with under concentration of LC50. The number of sample was determined by using â€œRule of Thumbâ€. The result of LC50 on T47D breast cancer cell were etanolic fraction 125 Î¼g/mL, while petroleum eter fraction 31.25 Î¼g/mL. The result of expression percentage of p53 mutant given by the extract of etanolic fraction of bawang dayak were: 0 Î¼g/mL = 36.11%, 15.625 Î¼g/mL = 28.32%, 31.25 Î¼g/mL = 27.46%, 62.5 Î¼g/mL = 19.67%, and 125 Î¼g/mL = 11.02%. Other result of bawang dayak extract percentage given in petroleum eter fraction were: 0 Î¼g/mL = 26.16%, 3.90625 Î¼g/mL = 25.29%, 7.8125 Î¼g/mL = 22.70%, 15.625 Î¼g/mL = 22.27%, and 31.25 Î¼g/mL =15.78%. The treatment of bawang dayak extract in ethanolic and petroleum eter fractions were able to inhibit the expression of p53 mutant in vitro. The result of this research showed no significant difference in the inhibition expression of p53 mutant in breast cancer cell T47D.
Effect of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seed extract against paracetamol hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: OKTIARI YESSI , WIDJOKONGKO S. BAMBANG , WIJAYANTI LILIK 
Published: July 2018

Oktiari Y, Widjokongko SB, Wijayanti L. 2010. Effect of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) seed extract against paracetamol hepatotoxicity in mice. Biofarmasi 8: 52-57. Cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao) contains flavonoids, an antioxidant that can reduce oxidant from the process of metabolism of paracetamol. This metabolism creates NAPQI. This study explained the effect of cocoa bean extract to reduce the liver histologic disruption of mice (Mus musculus) that treated by paracetamol. This study was a laboratory experimental research with a post-test only controlled group design. The samples used in this research included forty male mice, Swiss Webster type, 2-3 months in age and Â±20 g body weight. The samples divided into 4 groups, each group consisted of ten mice. Mice for the control group (K) were not given with paracetamol and the cocoa bean extract, but they were given only with aquadest of 0.2 mL/20 g body weight of mice for 17 days serially. The first treatment group (P1) was given with paracetamol with a dose of 0.1 mL/20 g body weight of mice on the day 15, 16 and 17. The second treatment group (P2) was given with a dose of cocoa bean extract I consisted of 0.02 mL/20 g body weight of mice for 17 days serially and also paracetamol in a dose of 0.1 mL/20 g body weight of mice at day 15, 16 and 17. The third treatment group (P3) was given a dose of extract II consisted of 0.04 mL/20 g body weight of mice for 17 days serially and paracetamol in a dose of 0.1 mL/20 g body weight of mice on day 15, 16 and 17. On the 18th day, mice were sacrificed by the neck dislocation. After that, the liver slides were prepared by stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). The ANOVA One-Way results showed that there were significant differences between the four groups. The results of the LSD method showed that there were significant differences between K-P1, K-P2, K-P3 and P1-P2 groups, but there was no a significant difference between K-P3 and P2-P3 groups. Cocoa extract can reduce the histologic disruption of mice that given a toxic by paracetamol.
The effect of daun sendok (Plantago major) extract on the blood glucose level of Balb/C mice induced by streptozotocin
Authors: SATRIANY PUTRI , PUTRANTO R. P. ANDRI , SYARIFAH IPOP 
Published: July 2018

Satriany P, Putranto RPA, Syarifah I. 2010. The effect of daun sendok (Plantago major) extract on the blood glucose level of Balb/C mice induced by streptozotocin. Biofarmasi 8: 66-71. This research aimed to determine the effect of daun sendok (Plantago major L.) extract on the blood glucose level of Balb/C mice induced by streptozotocin. This study was a laboratory experimental pre and post-test control group design. The subjects used were 16 male mice. Then, mice were induced with streptozotocin by a dose of 65 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally freshly dissolved in 0.02 M citrate saline buffer. Mice used were mice with blood glucose levels â‰¥200 mg/dL. Furthermore, mice were divided into 2 groups by a simple random sampling. Group 1 was given metformin in a dose of 1.3 mg/mice/day and group 2 was given daun sendok extract in a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. At the 2nd week, it was measured for the glucose levels from the blood of mice tail by a Blood Glucose Stick Meter (Gluco DrTM). The data obtained were statistically analyzed by independent samples t-test by using SPSS Programme for Microsoft Windows release 17.0. The significance was set at p<0.05. The difference of average blood glucose levels pre vs post experiment, metformin group was -145.87 mg/dL and daun sendok group was -85.00 mg/dL (p=0.024). The experiment results showed that daun sendok extract in a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight/day could reduce the blood glucose levels in Balb/C mice induced by streptozotocin.
Effects of anthelminthic of ethanol extract of basil (Ocimum americanum) leaf against Ascaris suum death in vitro
Authors: SENTANA OKKIE MHARGA , HARYATI SRI , MARIYAH YUL 
Published: July 2018

Sentana OM, Haryati S, Mariyah Y. 2011. Effects of anthelminthic of ethanol extract of basil (Ocimum americanum) leaf against Ascaris suum death in vitro. Biofarmasi 9: 1-6. This research aimed to examine the relationship between the ethanol extract of basil leaf against Ascaris suum mortality rate in vitro. This study was a laboratory experiment with a research design of the post-test with controlled group design. The samples were Ascaris suum Goeze that still actively moved and obtained from pig intestines. The sampling technique used was a purposive sampling by equating the type and the length of worms, and it did not distinguished for the sex of worms. The subjects were divided into five groups, each group consisted of 5 worms and repeated in 6 times. The control group contained 25 mL of physiological saline solution and 25 mL pyrantel pamoate 5 mg/mL. Three other groups contained basil leaves extracts consisted of various concentrations, i.e. 30%, 40% and 50%. The number of dead worms was counted every 2 hours until all the worms in the group died. The data were analyzed by using a linear regression analysis and a probit analysis. Simple linear regression statistical test showed a significance correlation at 0.000 with 0.837 correlation coefficient was negative, R square 0.701, in which the significant correlation <0.05 or the value of 37.565 with a significance of means, there was a negative relationship between the length of time of death of worms with large concentrations of basil extract. Analysis using a probit analysis obtained LC50 at a concentration of 40% and LT50 at a concentration of 40% was 2 hours. The ethanol extract of basil leaf could affect the death of A. suum in vitro with LC50 at a concentration of 40% and LT50 at a concentration of 40% was 2 hours.
Study of antioxidant activity and anti-cholesterol content on red yeast rice with substrates variation (rice, corn and dried cassava)
Authors: WIYOTO HADI , ANDRIANI M. A.M. , PARNANTO NUR HER RIYADI 
Published: July 2018

Wiyoto H, Andriani MAM, Parnanto NHR. 2011. Study of antioxidant activity and anti-cholesterol content on red yeast rice with substrates variation (rice, corn and dried cassava). Biofarmasi 9: 38-44. Red yeast rice is one of fermented rice product by Monascus purpureus. Traditionally, the substrate used to produce red yeast rice is rice. Usually, the rice with high amylose content is proper to produce red yeast rice than low amylose. The other substrates that be used to produce red yeast rice are corn and dried cassava. The purposes of this research were to determine the effect of substrates variation (rice, corn and dried cassava) on antioxidant activity and anti-cholesterol content in red yeast rice, and to determine the substrate(s) that produce the highest antioxidant activity and anticholesterol content. The design of this research was a Completely Randomized Design with one factor, i.e. the kind of substrates: rice, corn and dried cassava, with three replications. Then, the data were analyzed with ANOVA at a level of significance Î±=0.05, and continued with DMRT at the same level. This results showed that the effect of substrates kind to antioxidant activity and anti-cholesterol content on red yeast rice. The rice substrate had higher antioxidant activity and anti-cholesterol content than corn and dried cassava substrates. The antioxidant activity and the anti-cholesterol content on red yeast rice from rice substrate were 45.6100% and 0.026600%, respectively. The antioxidant activity and the anti-cholesterol content on red yeast rice from corn substrate were 44.0500% and 0.022833%, respectively, while the antioxidant activity and the anti-cholesterol content on red yeast rice from dried cassava substrate were 42.8333% and 0.013200%, respectively.
Isolation and characterization of mannanase, xylanase, and cellulase from marine bacteria Bacillus sp.
Authors: YOPI YOPI , DJOHAN APRIDAH CAMELIAWATI , RAHMANI NANIK , JANNAH ALIFAH MAFATIKHUL 
Published: July 2018

Yopi, Djohan AC, Rahmani N, Jannah AM. 2017. Isolation and characterization of mannanase, xylanase, and cellulase from marine bacteria Bacillus sp. Biofarmasi (Rumphius J Nat Prod Biochem) 15: 15-20. Isolation, identification, and characterization of mannanase, xylanase and cellulase producing indigenous marine bacteria have been conducted from total 20 isolates. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis, three potential isolates are obtained and identified as Bacillus subtilis (M8), Bacillus tequilensis (X4) and Bacillus cereus (C9). The potential strains M8, X4 and C9 can produce mannanase, xylanase and cellulase activities such as 9.5 U/mL; 0.36U/mL;0.56U/mL with optimum pH and temperature 6.0;50oC, 5.5;70oC and 8;50oC, respectively. Based on the TLC analysis, mannanase from M8 and xylanase from X4 has potential to hydrolyzed mannan and xylan for producing oligosaccharides with size around tri-hexasaccharides as a main product.
Short Communication: Spermicidal properties of Durio zibethinus in the Mandiangin Forests, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: NURLIANI1 ANNI , KARTINAH NANI 
Published: July 2018

Nurliani A, Kartinah N. 2017. Short Communication: Spermicidal properties of Durio zibethinus in the Mandiangin Forests, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biofarmasi (Rumphius J Nat Prod Biochem) 15: 26-28. Side effect caused by condom with synthetic spermicide encourages researcher to find alternative spermicide from plant which have fewer side effects. Bark of durian extract is potential candidate for herbal spermicide because it could decrease the percentage of human spermatozoa quality in vitro at the concentrations of 2%. This study was designed to evaluate its spermicidal activity by in vitro on motility, velocity of movement, viability and morphology of human spermatozoa. The formulation of gel with 2% of bark of durian extract were developed by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as gelling agent with 3 different concentrations, namely, 1.5; 2; and 2.5 %. Evaluation of gel preparations including physical appearance, viscosity, spreadability, and pH was done to obtain the best formula. Based on the evaluation, the best performance of gel was achieved by adding 2% of HPMC. Furthermore, the spermicidal activity of the gel with bark of durian extract was tested and compared to the bark of durian extract without gel, gel without bark of durian extract, and the fresh sperm as control. Formulation of gel with bark of durian extract significantly decreased all parameters of spermatozoa quality. Thus, formula containing 2% of bark of durian extract with HPMC 2% possesses appreciable spermicidal potential.
The Istanbul Biennial and the reproduction of the urban public space
Authors: Özpınar Ceren 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Initiated by the Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts in 1987, the Istanbul Biennial is the product of a period in which many cities of the Global South started their own biennials. With the participating ‘star’ curators and artists, the Biennial gradually sparked attention from the international art world. Yet, it also received occasional negative responses from the local art world. Critics stressed the problematic relationship of the Biennial with one of the key players behind the urban regeneration process in the city. Designed as a wide-reaching contemporary art event in a city of an enormous scale, a vast population and contested histories, the Biennial was set in a range of venues throughout Istanbul over the years. This not only led the Biennial to continuously reframe Istanbul through the selected new locations and unwittingly reproduce the urban public space but also to redefining the way in which the visitors relate to both the city and the event per se. This article discusses the re-organization of the public space by the Istanbul Biennial in the backdrop of contemporary art practices, the art historical discourse and the changing social and political context of the last 30 years in Turkey by drawing on the theories of Michel de Certeau, Chantal Mouffe and Sibel Yardimci among others.
Modern Irak Şiir Metinlerinde Anlam Bilimsel Okumalar
Authors: EL-UBEYDİ Abdulkerim 
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışma, modern Arap şiirinde önemli
izler bırakan bir grup Iraklı şaire ait bazı modern şiir kasidelerindeki
semantik anlamları ele alıp incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Söz konusu şairlerin
şiirleri ve edebi ürünleri, Arap şiir hareketinin modern tezahürlerinde büyük
bir etki meydana getirmiştir. Zira bu şairler; şiir diline hâkimiyet, söz
sanatlarında kabiliyet, derin anlamlı sanatsal imgeler vücuda getirme,
düşünceleri ustaca kalıba dökebilme, eşsiz betimleme, üstün edebi değeri olan
sanatsal imalarda titiz davranma gibi hususlarda diğer şairlerden ayrılmaktadır. Biz bu makalede semantik/analitik okumanın
konusu olarak seçtiğimiz kasidelerdeki estetik unsurları ortaya çıkarmaya
çalıştık. Kasidelerin sanatsal anlamlarına, bu anlamların okuyucu üzerindeki
psikolojik ve duygusal etkilerine ve bu etkilerin içerdiği fikri muhtevayı
açıklamaya özen gösterdik. Bunu yaparken Arapçanın gramatik /semantik yapısı ve
dilsel özellikleri üzerine kurulu sanatsal yönüne dikkat çektik. Bu yolla
özgünlüğün değeri ön plana çıkmış, inceleme ve eleştiriye konu olan kasidelerin
içerdiği şiirin eşsiz gücü, düşünce potansiyeli, insani içerikler, medeni
boyutlar ve insana ait olan değerler ortaya çıkmıştır.