bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial plasticity in the cerebellum of two anoxia-tolerant sharks: contrasting responses to anoxia/reoxygenation
Authors: Devaux Jules B. L. , Hickey Anthony J. R. , Renshaw Gillian M. C. 
Published: March 2019

Exposure to anoxia leads to rapid ATP depletion, alters metabolic pathways and exacerbates succinate accumulation. Upon re-oxygenation, the preferential oxidation of accumulated succinate most often impairs mitochondrial function. Few species can survive prolonged periods of hypoxia and anoxia at tropical temperatures and those that do may rely on mitochondria plasticity in response to disruptions to oxygen availability. Two carpet sharks, the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum; ES) and the grey carpet shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum; GCS) display different adaptive responses to prolonged anoxia: while the ES enters energy conserving metabolic depression, the GCS temporarily elevates its haematocrit prolonging oxygen delivery. High-resolution respirometry was used to investigate mitochondrial function in the cerebellum, a highly metabolically active organ that is oxygen sensitive and vulnerable to injury after anoxia/re-oxygenation (AR).
Succinate was titrated into cerebellar preparations in vitro, with or without pre-exposure to AR, then the activity of mitochondrial complexes was examined. Like most vertebrates, GCS mitochondria significantly increased succinate oxidation rates, with impaired complex I function post-AR. In contrast, ES mitochondria inhibited succinate oxidation rates and both complex I and II capacities were conserved, resulting in preservation of oxidative phosphorylation capacity post-AR.
Divergent mitochondrial plasticity elicited by elevated succinate post A/R parallels the inherently divergent physiological adaptations of these animals to prolonged anoxia, namely the absence (GCS) and presence of metabolic depression (ES). Since anoxia tolerance in these species also occurs at temperatures close to that of humans, examining their mitochondrial responses to AR could provide insights for novel interventions in clinical settings.
Cholesteatoma: multishot echo-planar vs non echo-planar diffusion-weighted MRI for the prediction of middle ear and mastoid cholesteatoma
Authors: Dudau Cristina , Draper Ashleigh , Gkagkanasiou Maria , Charles-Edwards Geoffrey , Pai Irumee , Connor Steve 
Published: March 2019

Objective: We aimed to compare a newer readout-segmented echoplanar imaging (RS-EPI) technique with the established single shot turbo spin echo (SS-TSE) non-EPI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in detecting surgically validated cholesteatoma. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 358 consecutive MRI studies in 285 patients in which both RS-EPI and non-EPI DWI sequences were performed. Each diffusion sequence was reviewed independently and scored negative, indeterminate or positive for cholesteatoma in isolation and after reviewing the T1W sequence. Average artefacts scores were evaluated and the lesion size measured as a distortion indicator. The imaging scores were correlated with surgical validation, clinical and imaging follow-up. Results: There were 239 middle ear and central mastoid tract and 34 peripheral mastoid lesions. 102 tympanomastoid operations were performed. The positive predictive value ( PPV), post-operative PPV, primary PPV, negative predictive value were 93%, 95%, 87.5%, 70% for RS-EPI and 92.5%, 93.6%, 90%, 79% for non-EPI DWI. There was good agreement between the two techniques (k = 0.75). Non-EPI DWI is less susceptible to skull base artefacts although the mean cholesteatoma measurement difference was only 0.53 mm. Conclusion: RS-EPI has comparable PPV with non-EPI DWI in both primary and post-operative cholesteatoma but slightly lower negative predictive value. When there is a mismatch, non-EPI DWI better predicts the presence of cholesteatoma. There is good agreement between the sequences for cholesteatoma diagnosis. The T1W sequence is very important in downgrading indeterminate DWI signal lesions to a negative score. Advances in knowledge: This is, to our knowledge, the first study to compare a multishot EPI DWI technique with the established non- EPI DWI in cholesteatoma diagnosis.
Combination bone marrow imaging using positron emission tomography (PET)-MRI in plasma cell dyscrasias: correlation with prognostic laboratory values and clinicopathological diagnosis
Authors: Tate Courtney J , Mollee Peter N , Miles Kenneth A 
Published: March 2019

Objective:This prospective observational study of positron emission tomography (PET)-MRI findings in 16 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with a plasma cell dyscrasia describes and compares MRI-detected myeloma lesions with18F-fludeoxyglucose PET-avid myeloma lesions, and correlates quantitative imaging findings to a range of biochemical and prognostic parameters.Methods:Simultaneously acquired whole body PET and MRI images were evaluated qualitatively for the presence of focal or generalised abnormalities of bone marrow (BM) on either modality. Quantitative analysis comprised mean standardised uptake values (SUVmean) and fractional water content of the BM measured from PET and chemical shift MRI images of the second to fourth lumbar vertebrae.Results:Final diagnoses comprised symptomatic myeloma (n = 10), asymptomatic myeloma (n = 4) and monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (n = 2). 8/10 patients with symptomatic myeloma demonstrated BM abnormalities on qualitative assessment of MRI compared to 4/10 on PET. BM SUVmean inversely correlated with serum albumin (r = 0.57, p = 0.017). BM water fraction correlated with trephine cellularity and blood platelet count (r = 0.78, p = 0.00039 and r = 0.61, p = 0.0013 respectively). BM water fraction correlated with SUVmean in patients with low plasma cell burden (r = 0.91, p = 0.0015) but not in patients with high plasma cell burden (r = 0.18, p = 0.61).Conclusion:PET-MRI shows promise in both morphological and functional multiparametric quantitative assessment of myeloma.Advances in knowledge:For the first time, multiparametric imaging in myeloma has been shown to predict BM abnormalities and correlate with known biochemical prognostic markers, moving PET-MRI beyond simple diagnostic applications into potential prognostic and treatment selection applications.
Biopsy of palliative lesions following radiotherapy
Authors: Fujita Shiro , Masago Katsuhiro , Yatabe Yasushi 
Published: March 2019

Objective: Definite radiotherapy and/or chemoradiotherapy is often conducted for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. However, there is a potential concern regarding the mutagenic effects on tumor cells derived from the therapies, and genomic information regarding cancer cells that survived definitive radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy is lacking. To evaluate the mutagenic effect of radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy, we compared genomic signatures of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer tissue with those of pre-treatment. Methods: We evaluated seven specimens from three patients who developed disease recurrence after definite radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy, and we ranked the mutations according to the Combined Annotation-Dependent Depletion score. Results: Some mutations remained in the post-therapy state, and others, including driver mutations, either newly occurred or disappeared during the course of disease. Of the four specimens obtained in the post-radiation period, 21 variants were detected. Compared with single nucleotide substitution (5, 23.8%), substantial number of deletions (16, 76.2%) was observed in specimens obtained after definite radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy. Conclusion: Radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy effects on tumor cells have a wide spectrum, and resequencing of a recurrent lesion is always recommended to discuss the best course of therapy for recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after definitive radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy. Advances in knowledge: With regard to cancer cells that survived definitive radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy, some mutations remained in the post-therapy state, and others, including driver mutations, either newly occurred or disappeared during the course of disease. Compared with single nucleotide substitution, substantial number of deletions was observed in specimens obtained after definite radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy.
Dosimetric evaluation of the gantry sag effect in clinical SRS plans
Authors: Borzov Egor , Nevelsky Alex , Bar-Deroma Rachel , Orion Itzhak 
Published: March 2019

Objectives:The gantry sag introduces a largely reproducible variation of the radiation field center around the radiation isocenter. The purpose of this work is to assess the change of the dose distribution caused by the gantry sag in clinical stereotactic plans.Methods:Brain stereotactic radio surgery treatment plans were evaluated and grouped according to radiation therapy planning technique. Group 1 was planned with volumetric arc therapy technique using coplanar arcs while Group 2—non-coplanar arcs. To simulate the gantry sag effect in the treatment planning system, the original plan segments were divided into four groups according to corresponding gantry angles: upper, lower, left and right quadrants. Then, isocenter of the upper quadrant was shifted towards “Gun”, isocenter of the lower quadrant was shifted towards “Target” and isocenter of the left and right quadrants was left at its original positions. The magnitude of the shift was 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mm in each direction, corresponding to 1, 2 and 3 mm of gantry isocenter diameter. To estimate the changes in dose distribution between the original and modified plans, the following dose–volume metrics were tracked: planning target volume (PTV) coverage (V99;PTV), hotspot dose in PTV (DPTV;0.015cc)), coldspot doses in PTV (DPTV;(V-0.015cc)), conformity and gradient indexes, maximum point doses in organs at risk (OAR, DOAR;0.015cc) and outside PTV (DoutsidePTV;0,015cc). For the second group of patients volume of brain receiving 12 Gy (V12Gy) was analyzed.Results:The mean relative change of all metrics was within −2%/+2.5% range for both techniques for isocenter diameter up to 2 mm. Isocenter diameter of 3 mm causes significant changes in V99;PTV,conformity and gradient indexes for coplanar, and additionally in DPTV;(V-0.015cc)for non-coplanar plans. The largest increase of maximum point dose in OAR was 1.1, 2.1 and 3.2% for ±0.5, ±1 and ±1.5 mm shift, respectively.Conclusion:The results demonstrate dosimetric effect of gantry sag depending on its value. By itself, the gantry sag effect does not produce clinically perceptible dose changes neither for PTV nor for OARs for shift ranges up to ±1 mm, both for coplanar and non-coplanar delivery techniques. For the larger gantry sag magnitude dosimetric changes can become significant, especially for non-coplanar plans. It indicates that 2 mm diameter tolerance of gantry isocenter postulated in TG-142 is reasonable, as variations in excess of this value start to affect the overall dosimetric and spatial uncertainty.Advances in knowledge:Dosimetric evaluation of the gantry sag effect in clinical stereotactic radio surgery plans is presented for the first time.
Clinical features of bone metastasis with extraosseous soft-tissue mass in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Kawaguchi Masaya , Kato Hiroki , Nakano Masahiro , Goshima Satoshi , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: March 2019

Objective: This study aimed to compare the differences in the clinical features of prostate cancer (PC) bone metastases (PCBMs) with and without extraosseous soft-tissue masses (ESTMs). Methods: Among 720 consecutive patients with histopathologically or clinically diagnosed PC, PCBMs were identified in 48 (7%) patients at initial diagnosis before receiving treatment. CT images of PCBMs were assessed and classified into two groups: PCBMs with and without ESTMs. Clinical features of PCBMs with and without ESTMs were compared. Results: We found ESTMs in 15 (31%) patients diagnosed with PCBMs, and 33 (69%) patients diagnosed with PCBMs did not have ESTMs. The initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (median, 1031 vs 247 ng ml−1; p < 0.05) and PSA reduction rates (median, 99.97 vs 99.40 %; p < 0.05) were significantly greater in PCBMs with ESTMs than in PCBMs without ESTMs. No significant differences were observed in terms of age, Gleason sum score, PSA nadir, time from the initiation of therapy to PSA nadir, PSA doubling time, PSA progression-free survival, or overall survival between patients having PCBMs with and without ESTMs. Conclusion: Both initial PSA levels and PSA reduction rates were higher in PCBMs with ESTMs than in PCBMs without ESTMs; however, no significant differences were observed in other clinical features. Advances in knowledge: ESTMs in patients with PCBMs were not a poor prognostic factor.
Comparison of the McGrath video laryngoscope and macintosh direct laryngoscope in obstetric patients: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Toker Melike Korkmaz , Altıparmak Basak , Karabay Ayse Gul 
Published: March 2019

Objective: In obstetric patients’ airway, guidelines have recommended the availability of advanced airway equipment. Our aim was to compare the larynx visualization provided by the Macintosh direct laryngoscope and McGrath video laryngoscope and the intubation time of patients undergoing cesarean section.
Methods: This study was conducted at a private obstetrics and gynecology hospital during one month between June and July 2018. A hundred patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under general anesthesia were randomized into two different group’s as intubated using either McGrath VL or Macintosh DL. The intubation times, Cormack–Lehane grade, percentage of glottic opening, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rates before and after intubation were compared among the groups.
Results: The McGrath VL significantly reduced the intubation time compared to the Macintosh DL. In the McGrath VL group, better glottic view set the time of tracheal intubation as assessed using the Cormack-Lehane classification system and POGO scores were recorded. After intubation, hemodynamic parameters were significantly higher in the Macintosh DL group than in the McGrath VL group.
Conclusion: The McGrath VL significantly lowered intubation time relative to the Macintosh DL, which may be a critical finding considering the importance of maintaining the mother’s airway for the health of both mother and baby.
How to cite this:Toker MK, Altıparmak B, Karabay AG. Comparison of the McGrath video laryngoscope and macintosh direct laryngoscope in obstetric patients: A randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):342-347. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.646
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A comparative study on short-term therapeutic effects of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and microendoscopic discectomy on lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Wang Fei , Guo Dong , Sun Tiansheng , Guan Kai 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To find out the short-term effects of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and microendoscopic discectomy (MED) on lumbar disc herniation (LDH).
Methods: Ninety LDH patients treated in PLA Army General Hospital from July 2015 to July 2016 were selected and randomly divided into an MED group and a PTED group. Length of incision, amount of intraoperative bleeding, surgical time, number of times using intraoperative fluoroscopy, postoperative bedridden time, hospital stay, together with visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores before surgery, three days, three months and six months after surgery were analyzed.
Results: As regards the length of surgical incision, amount of bleeding, postoperative bedridden time and hospital stay, the PTED group was significantly superior to the MED group ((P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, respectively)). Compared with the PTED group, the MED group used less fluoroscopy and had shorter surgical time (P=0.001, 0.000, respectively). The postoperative VAS and ODI scores of both groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P<0.000, 0.000, respectively). The short-term postoperative low back pain (LBP) VAS score of PTED group was lower than that of MED group (P=0.001). The two groups had similar leg pain (LP) VAS score three and six months after surgery, postoperative and follow-up LP VAS and ODI scores, and surgical improvement rate (P=0.093, 0.097, respectively).
Conclusion: LDH was effectively treated by both PTED and MED. Compared with MED, PTED had less trauma, less blood loss, and faster recovery after surgery.
How to cite this:Wang F, Guo D, Sun T, Guan K. A comparative study on short-term therapeutic effects of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy and microendoscopic discectomy on lumbar disc herniation. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):426-431. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.650
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Autologous bone marrow clot as an alternative to autograft for bone defect healing
Authors: Lim Z. X. H. , Rai B. , Tan T. C. , Ramruttun A. K. , Hui J. H. , Nurcombe V. , Teoh S. H. , Cool S. M. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesLong bone defects often require surgical intervention for functional restoration. The ‘gold standard’ treatment is autologous bone graft (ABG), usually from the patient’s iliac crest. However, autograft is plagued by complications including limited supply, donor site morbidity, and the need for an additional surgery. Thus, alternative therapies are being actively investigated. Autologous bone marrow (BM) is considered as a candidate due to the presence of both endogenous reparative cells and growth factors. We aimed to compare the therapeutic potentials of autologous bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and ABG, which has not previously been done.MethodsWe compared the efficacy of coagulated autologous BMA and ABG for the repair of ulnar defects in New Zealand White rabbits. Segmental defects (14 mm) were filled with autologous clotted BM or morcellized autograft, and healing was assessed four and 12 weeks postoperatively. Harvested ulnas were subjected to radiological, micro-CT, histological, and mechanical analyses.ResultsComparable results were obtained with autologous BMA clot and ABG, except for the quantification of new bone by micro-CT. Significantly more bone was found in the ABG-treated ulnar defects than in those treated with autologous BMA clot. This is possibly due to the remnants of necrotic autograft fragments that persisted within the healing defects at week 12 post-surgery.ConclusionAs similar treatment outcomes were achieved by the two strategies, the preferred treatment would be one that is associated with a lower risk of complications. Hence, these results demonstrate that coagulated BMA can be considered as an alternative autogenous therapy for long bone healing. Cite this article: Z. X. H. Lim, B. Rai, T. C. Tan, A. K. Ramruttun, J. H. Hui, V. Nurcombe, S. H. Teoh, S. M. Cool. Autologous bone marrow clot as an alternative to autograft for bone defect healing. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:107–117. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.83.BJR-2018-0096.R1.
Pentagamaboronon-0 Fructose Inhibited Migration and Overexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinases 9 on MCF-7/HER2 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hairunisa Indah , Utomo Rohmad Yudi , Ertanto Yogi , Jenie Riris Istighfari , Meiyanto Edy 
Published: March 2019

The incidence of Breast Cancer Metastasis (MBC) can be categorized in stage IV as well as being the leading cause of death in cases of breast cancer. MBC prognosis is known to be weak, frequent recurrent, and MBC patients have only a survival rate of about 5 years. One of the proteins that causes breast cancer metastasis is Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2). Pentagamaboron-0 (PGB-0), a newly curcumin analogue performed cytotoxic effect on HER2-positive breast cancer cells but it is practically water-insoluble. The aims of this study are to determine anti-metastatic activity of a more soluble form of PGB-0 namely PGB-0 fructose complex (PGB-0-F) toward HER2 positive cancer (MCF-7/HER2) cells. PGB-0-F was obtained from Cancer Chemoprevention Research Centre Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Gadjah Mada. Based on scratch wound healing assay result, PGB-0-F inhibited cell migration especially in combination with doxorubicin at the concentration 15 μM. Under gelatin zymography assay, PGB-0-F in combination with doxorubicin decreased Matrix Metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) expression compare to the doxorubicin. Hence, PGB-0-F has a potency to be developed as anti-metastatic agent on HER2 overexpression breast cancer.Keywords : HER2, MCF-7/HER2, PGB-0-F, Metastasis
Pengujian Pengeringan Garam Briket Skala Laboratorium
Authors: Kiono Berkah Fajar Tamtomo , Sony Severianus 
Published: March 2019

Tingginya konsumsi garam beryodium di Indonesia, membuat pemerintah membuat dan mendorong UMKM untuk memproduksi garam beryodium pada jumlah besar. Salah satu provinsi yang mempunyai jumlah UMKM garam yang banyak adalah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Daerah terbesar produksi garam beryodium adalah Kabupaten Pati. Namun untuk memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi, pabrik garam beryodium yang ada di Pati harus mengganti alat pengeringnya dengan alat pengering yang tepat. Salah satu alat pengering yang harus diganti adalah alat pengering untuk garam briket. Dalam mendesain suatu alat pengering untuk garam briket, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengeringan garam briket skala laboratorium untuk mengetahui parameter-parameter untuk pengeringan garam. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan oven. Garam dikeringkan dengan menggunakan 1 heater dan 2 heater. Variasi temperatur oven dengan mengubah bukaan damper. Bukaan damper diatur setengah bukaan dan bukaan penuh (WOT/Wide Opening Throttle). Temperatur oven bervariasi dari 120oC sampai 190oC, sedangkan temperatur garam maksimum adalah 108oC.Titik didih garam sangat tingi yaitu 801,1oC, sedangkan titik didih Yodium adalah 184,4oC. Pengujian ini mendapatkan hasil pengeringan berturut-turut sebagai berikut, dengan suhu udara akhir 120oC membutuhkan waktu pengeringan selama 221 menit, sedangkan untuk suhu 130oC waktu pengeringannya adalah 200 menit, dengan suhu akhir 176oC adalah 55 menit, dan pengeringan dengan suhu akhir 200oC adalah 55 menit. Proses pengeringan optimum garam pada suhu 170-180oC dengan waktu pengeringan 19 menit.
Analisa Parameter Hidrodinamika Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) Kelas Obervasi
Authors: Satria Dhimas , Wiryadinata Romi , Caturwati Ni Ketut , Haryadi Haryadi , Rosyadi Imron 
Published: March 2019

Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) teknologi observasi bawah laut di perairan selat Sunda yang telah dikembangkan memiliki keterbatasan dari segi manuver, yaitu hanya dapat bergerak vertical dengan kedalaman yang terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan parameter hidrodinamika yang terbaik, yaitu matriks inersia, matrik coriolis, dan redaman hidrodinamika. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode fixed mesh, dimana diasumsikan fluida bergerak pada kecepatan dimana ROV bergerak dan model ROV diam (statik). Representasi gerak ROV dengan mengubah kemiringan ROV terhadap arah aliran fluida. Hasil dari penelitian adalah parameter hidrodinamika, yaitu (matriks inersia benda tega ROV), (Matriks koefisien untuk benda tega Coriolis), (inersia hidrodinamika), (matriks koefisien untuk hidrodinamika dengan Coriolis dan nilai sentripetal) memberikan koefisien inersia badan ROV kerangka rotasi terhadap titik pusat bumi. Sedangkan parameter hidrodinamika yaitu redaman hidrodiniamika menggambarkan gaya redaman hidrodinamika dan momen berkerja terhadap gerak relatif antara badan kendaraan dengan fluida