bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of factor IX antibodies by radioimmunoassay: effect of calcium on antibody-factor IX interaction
Authors: Lewis RM , Reisner HM , Chung KS , Roberts HR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A radioimmunoassay for alloantibodies (inhibitors) and heteroantibodies to human factor IX has been developed using radioiodinated human factor IX and formalin-fixed, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus cells (Staph A). Staph A was used as a solid-phase adsorbent for immune complexes. The assay is specific, shows excellent correlation with factor IX coagulant neutralization assays in detecting alloantibodies (r = 0.98), and is 60 times more sensitive. The Staph A method allows rapid separation of immune complexes (within 10 min of addition) and binds immunoglobulin with equivalent efficiency in the presence and absence of calcium. These characteristics have made the Staph A binding method useful for observing the Ca++ effect on the antigenicity of factor IX as detected by hetero- and alloantibodies. All antisera investigated showed some increase in antibody titer when measured in the presence of Ca++. One particular alloantibody showed the greatest increase in titer (&gt; twofold). The reversibility of the calcium effect by excess EDTA indicates that it was not caused by Ca++-dependent proteolysis of the factor IX molecule. The Staph A procedure can also be used as a sensitive competitive radioimmunoassay for human factor IX using alloantibody. The assay could detect factor IX antigen to a dilution of 1:1280 of normal plasma and correctly classified hemophilia B plasmas as cross-reacting material positive or negative.
Antigen--antibody complexes related to the baboon endogenous virus in humans with acute lymphoblastic leukemia--hand mirror variant (ALL-HMC)
Authors: Stass SA , Phillips TM , Weislow OS , Perlin E , Schumacher HR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hand mirror cells are a morphological configuration that are seen in immunologically stimulated lymphocytes and can be induced by antigen-- antibody complexes. Therefore, the bone marrow and peripheral blood plasma of two patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia--hand mirror variant were evaluated for the presence of antigen--antibody complexes. Both patients had antigen--antibody complexes in the bone marrow plasma and not in the peripheral blood plasma as determined by double counter- current immunoelectrophoresis. The antigen moiety of these complexes appears immunologically related to components of the baboon endogenous virus (BaEV), and the antibody moiety also appears related to structural components of the BaEV. Bone marrow plasmas from patients without leukemia were evaluated for the presence of antigen--antibody complexes and found to be negative. The antigen--antibody complexes may account for the presence of hand mirror cells in the bone marrow of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia--hand mirror variant.
Calcium distribution within human erythrocytes
Authors: Schrier SL , Johnson M , Junga I , Krueger J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to study 45Ca distribution within erythrocytes, a method was devised that had minimal deleterious effects on the treated erythrocytes. It was observed that newly introduced 45Ca was predominantly recoverable from the cytosol and exchanged relatively slowly with membrane-associated Ca. Younger erythrocytes appeared to have relatively more 45Ca in membrane-associated sites. Erythrocytes from patients with sickle cell anemia had significantly more 45Ca in membrane-associated sites than did normal controls or patients with reticuloctosis due to a variety of disorders. There are theoretical reasons for considering the possibility that the distribution of 45Ca between cytosol and membrane-associated sites could modulate some of the properties of the erythrocyte membrane.
Calcium distribution within human erythrocytes during endocytosis
Authors: Schrier SL , Johnson M , Junga I , Krueger J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to study 45Ca movements within erythrocytes, a method was devised that had minimal deleterious effect on the treated erythrocytes. Agents that induce endocytosis in intact erythrocytes (primaquine, vinblastine, and chlorpromazine) caused a prompt movement of 45Ca from cytosol to membrane-associated sites. This drug-induced movement of 45Ca to membrane sites was blocked by depleting erythrocytes of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or by incubating them with known inhibitors of endocytosis, NaF of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). It appears that endocytosis in intact human erythrocytes involves the movement and redistribution of 45Ca from cytosol to membrane-associated sites. Therefore, in the erythrocyte, as in perhaps other cells, movement of Ca from one site to another may modulate important cellular biologic functions.
Intrasplenic microcirculation in rats with acute hemolytic anemia
Authors: Chen LT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intrasplenic microcirculation in rats with acute hemolytic anemia has been studied by means of the microsphere method. Alteration in the intrasplenic microcirculation was observed in the anemic rats. The open circulation was reduced from 98% in the normal rats to 67% in the anemic rats, while the closed circulation was increased from 2% in the normal rats to 33% in the anemic ones. The reduction in the open circulation in the anemic rats appears to be attributed to the congestion in the splenic cords as a result of the retardation of the passage of damaged red blood cells. Restoration of the open circulation in rats on the first day of full recovery from anemia seems to be associated with a decrease in the congestion in the splenic cords.
The 14q+ chromosome in pre-B-ALL
Authors: Kaneko Y , Rowley JD , Check I , Variakojis D , Moohr JW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A child who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with an 8;14 chromosome translocation and with a pre-B phenotype is described. The leukemic cells were determined to be pre-B-cells on the basis of intracytoplasmic mu-chain immunoglobulin (cIgM+) and the common-ALL antigen, lack of receptors for sheep erythrocytes, and lack of surface immunoglobulin. The 8;14 translocation is frequently found in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and in most patients with B-cell ALL and is known to carry a poor prognosis. Thus far, no karyotypes have been reported for patients with pre-B-ALL. The present case indicates that a 14q+ chromosome may provide a proliferative advantage not only to cells with a B-cell phenotype, but also to pre-B-cells. The short survival of our patient also suggests that the 14q+ abnormality and the pre-B phenotype may signal a poor prognosis.
The cytoskeleton in Chediak-Higashi syndrome fibroblasts
Authors: Ostlund RE Jr , Tucker RW , Leung JT , Okun N , Williamson JR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) trait is expressed in cultured human skin fibroblasts as an abnormal perinuclear concentration of moderately enlarged lysosomes. The cytoskeleton of CHS fibroblasts appears intact. Microtubules are normal in number and morphology, as assessed by colchicine binding studies, antitubulin immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Deformability by shear force is unaltered and microfilaments are abundant. However, CHS lysosomes appear to interact abnormally with the cytoskeleton, since the perinculear aggregation partially disperses after depolymerization of cell microtubules with colchicine. These results suggest that CHS is associated with a defect of either the lysosomal membrane itself or of lysosomal membrane- microtubule interaction.
Heterotropic splenic autotransplantation in the prevention of Haemophilus influenza meningitis and fatal sepsis in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Moxon ER , Schwartz AD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It has been suggested that autotransplantation of splenic tissue following trauma may result in splenic implanta that protect the human host from severe infection with encapsulated bacteria. To test this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham operation, splenectomy, or splenectomy followed by autotransplantation of splenic fragments into the peritoneal cavity. Three months later, they were inoculated intranasally with H. influenzae b. The incidence and severity of bacteremia and meningitis were determined subsequently in 15 randomly selected rats from each group. Splenosis did not appear to confer significant protection against bloodstream dissemination. However, significantly more (p = 0.005) asplenic rats (13/15) developed meningitis than did splenosed rats (6/15). None of the rats with normal splenic tissue developed CNS infection. Thus, the occurrence of meningitis was reduced in autotransplanted rats as compared to asplenic rats. Ten remaining rats from each group were followed for 3 wk after inoculation and the number of deaths was recorded. All sham-operated and autotransplanted rats survived, whereas 7 of 10 asplenic rats died (p = 0.003). These studies indicate that surgically created splenosis offers the potential for reducing the risk of life-threatening sepsis.
Relationship between in vitro colony-forming ability and expression of Ia-like antigen of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) cells
Authors: Hiraoka A , Yamagishi M , Ohkubo T , Yoshida Y , Uchino H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In vitro colony-forming ability of untreated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) cells determined by the CFU-C assay with and without PHA presensitization, and also human Ia-like antigen of their surfaces were investigated. In vitro colony-forming ability of 32 ANLLs was classified into four types: (A) no colony growth: 16, (B) PHA-dependent colony growth: 9, (C) colony-stimulating factor (CSF) dependent colony growth: 5, and (D) CSF and PHA independent colony growth: 2. The pattern of 12 normal bone marrow cells corresponded to type C. Leukemic cells were Ia-positive in type A, negative or weakly positive in type B, and negative in type C. Colonies as seen in types B and C consisted mostly of monocytes-macrophages with myeloid cells at varyi stages of maturation up to metamyelocyte. Incubation of type A ANLL cells with anti-Ia-serum followed by PHA presensitization resulted in development of colonies in some analyzed cases with moderately positive Ia-like antigen. Correlation of in vitro colony-forming ability with the expression of human Ia-like antigen of ANLL cells indicated not only a hematologic heterogeneity of ANLL in differentiation and proliferation but also biologic significance of Ia-like antigen in reference to functional maturation of ANLL cells.
Platelet sialic acid and platelet survival after aggregation by ADP
Authors: Packham MA , Guccione MA , Kinlough-Rathbone RL , Mustard JF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Some investigators have reported recently that platelet surface sialic acid is decreased during ADP-induced aggregation, whereas others have reported an increase. Since removal of sialic acid from the platelet surface shortens platelet survival, we have determined the survival of platelets that have been aggregatad by ADP. We have also measured the amount of sialic acid in the suspending fluid of platelets after ADP- induced aggregation. ADP-induced aggregation did not cause the loss of sialic acid from rabbit platelets (which do not undergo a release reaction in response to ADP) nor from washed human platelets in a medium containing physiologic concentrations of calcium in which granule contents are not released. In a medium without added calcium, ADP caused the release of 14C-serotonin (42.5% +/- 3%) from human platelets, but less than 4% of the sialic-acid-containing material was released. It seems likely that little of the releasable sialic acid of platelets is in the dense granules or the alpha-granules. Thrombin (5 U/ml) released 90.0% +/- 3.4% of the serotonin from human platelets but only 20.6% +/- 7.4% of the total sialic-acid-containing material. Neuraminidase removed 42.3% of the total sialic acid, presumably from the platelet surface. Rabbit platelets that had been aggregated by ADP and deaggregated survived normally when returned to the circulation. This observation also provides evidence that they had not lost membrane sialic acid during aggregation and deaggregation.
IgD (kappa) "nonsecretory" multiple myeloma: report of a case
Authors: Bartoloni C , Flamini G , Logroscino C , Guidi L , Scuderi F , Gambassi G , Terranova T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of IgD “nonsecretory” multiple myeloma in a 46-yr-old woman is reported. Despite the presence of disseminated osteolytic lesions, both serum protein electrophoresis and serum and urine immunoelectrophoresis were normal. In addition, bone scintigraphic study was normal. Bone marrow biopsy and aspirate obtained from the left femur lytic lesion showed only myelomatous proplasmocytes; when examined by immunofluorescence with monospecifc antisera, the cytoplasm showed only the presence of delta and kappa chains, suggesting that the neoplastic plasma cells might belong to a single clone. Lymphocyte studies indicated the presence of a normal amount of both B and T cells.
Serologic characterization of a monkey antiserum to human leukemic myeloblasts
Authors: Mohanakumar T , Baker MA , Roncari DA , Taub RN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have raised a monkey antiserum that is selectively reactive with human leukemic myeloblasts by immunization with a glycoprotein antigen (AMLSGA) released from myeloblasts in short-term culture. Antimyeloblast activity can be demonstrated using complement-dependent cytotoxicity or indirect immunofluorescence. Selective antimyeloblast activity is retained following absorption with leukemic lymphoblasts or lymphocytes, nonleukemic lymphocytes, neutrophils, or mononuclear cells from nonleukemic bone marrow. Anti-AMLSGA antisera are not reactive with B-cell-enriched cell populations, and antaimyeloblast activity is not reduced by absorption with Ia-positive cells. Anti-AMLSGA is a useful reagent for identification of human leukemic myeloblasts.
A murine model for the switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin during ontogeny
Authors: Alter BP , Goff SC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In murine erythroleukemia cells, the minor/major hemoglobin (Hb) ratio depends on the cell line and the inducing agent. To determine whether mouse minor hemoglobin is a “fetal” hemoglobin in vivo, globin chain composition and synthesis rates were determined in DBA/2 mice of various ages ranging from 14-day embryos to > 6-mo adults. Globin chains were separated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels containing urea and Triton X-100. This method separates the embryonic (x,y,z) and the adult (alpha, beta ma, beta mi) globin chains. Fourteen day embryos had only 5%-10% adult globins but approximately 30% of the adult beta chains were beta mi. The % beta mi decreased with age and reached 20% in adult mice. Biosynthetic studies led to more pronounced differences: beta mi synthesis was 45% of total beta chain production in 14-day embryos and declined to 22% in adults. Thus beta minor/total beta globin synthesis declines during mouse ontogeny. This resembles qualitatively the human switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin and provides a murine model for studies of hemoglobin regulation.
Enhancement of hemopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation with the addition of nucleated blood cells in mice
Authors: Zander AR , Verma DS , Spitzer G , Huynh L , Johnston D , Beran M , Dicke KA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recovery of bone marrow cellularity, CFU-C, and CFU-S were studied sequentially over 90 days time after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice. A minimal cell dose of 2 X 10(5) bone marrow cells was given. At day 28 after transplantation, CFU-C reached more than 50% of the normal range whereas the CFU-S concentration was less than 15%. Normalization of CFU-S occurred at day 90. The effect of the addition of peripheral blood nucleated cells on bone marrow hemopoietic recovery was studied at day 28. The augmentation of CFU-C and CFU-S recoverey were dose dependent. Optimal enhancement was seen with bone marrow to blood ratios of 1:1 and 1:2.5. This enhancement effect was lost when nucleated blood cells in a ratio of 1:10 were administered.
The demonstration of antibody binding to platelet-associated antigens in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: McMillan R , Tani P , Mason D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet destruction in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is due either to antibody against platelet-associated antigen(s) that attaches by the antigen-specific Fab portion of the molecule or to platelet-bound immune complexes that bind nonspecifically to a platelet Fc receptor. Since pepsin digestion destroys the Fc fragment, the effect of this agent on platelet binding should allow differentiation betwen these two mechanisms. Normal serum IgG, aggregated normal serum IgG, and IgG produced in culture by splenic cells from control subjects and ITP patients were radiolabeled and tested for platelet binding before and after pepsin digestion. The binding to target platelets of both aggregated IgG and IgG produced in culture by ITP cells was increased when compared to controls. However, F(ab)2 fragments from the ITP samples retained their binding ability while those from the aggregated IgG did not. We conclude that these ITP patients produced antibody specific for platelet-associated antigens.
An anionic material at the advancing front of blood cells entering the bone marrow circulation
Authors: De Bruyn PP , Michelson S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The selective entry of mature blood cells into the peripheral circulation of the bone marrow is a transcellular process. The mature blood cells penetrate the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells lining the myeloid sinuses and form a migration pore in the cell body of the lining cell, which closes after the blood cell reaches the intravascular space. The changes at the surfaces of the cells involved in this selective transcellular process were studied by means of the cationic cell surface markers colloidal iron (CI) and polycationic (high isoelectric point) ferritin (PCF). The anionic cell surface charges resulting from the presence of sialated glycoproteins remain, as shown by the application of these markers at low pH (1.8), evenly distributed at the cell surfaces of both the blood cell and the sinus lining cell. However, there is at the advancing margin of the diapedesing blood cells a marked accumulation of a nonsialated anionic material binding PCF at high pH (7.2). This material first accumulates extravascularly beneath the endothelium at an area of the blood cell surface near the site of the migration pore formation, remains at the cell surface during the initial phases of transcellular passage and disappears, either through shedding in the vascular lumen or through redistribution on the cell surface, when the cell reaches the intravascular space. This anionic material, which is neuraminidase resistant and has a pKa higher than sialic acid, is a characteristic concommitant in the selective transcellular blood cell passage in bone marrow.
Adherent cell inhibition of human leukemic in vitro agar clonal growth by short-term cell-to-cell contact
Authors: Spitzer G , Verma DS , Beran M , Zander AR , Dicke KA , McCredie KB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of peripheral blood adherent cells from normal donors on human myeloid leukemic cluster growth in agar were studied. A prior co- incubation of nonadherent leukemic cells with adherent cell monolayers from 9 out of 10 donors in liquid cultures over a 4-hr period was sufficient to reduce subsequent leukemic growth in semisolid agar cultures. Inhibition was seen with adherent to leukemic cell ratios of as low as 0.5:1. Conversely, identical numbers of adherent cells in agar cultures but separated from the leukemic cells enhanced growth more than the cultures containing human placental conditioned media alone. Because leukemic cell exposure to adherent cells was brief, a cytotoxic mechanism appeared likely; however, this could not be detected by 51Cr release. Human peripheral blood adherent cells not activated by any in vitro mechanism suppress clonal growth of human myeloid leukemic cells by a mechanism requiring cell to cell contact. Examination of the inhibition of clonal growth appears to be more sensitive than 51Cr release as an indicator of adherent cell effects on myeloid leukemia.
The kidneys in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Clark DA , Butler SA , Braren V , Hartmann RC , Jenkins DE Jr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Long-term study of 21 PNH patients revealed an unexpectedly high incidence of functional and anatomic renal abnormalities. Most patients demonstrated varying degrees of hematuria and proteinuria distinct from hemoglobinuria. Evaluation of renal function revealed hyposthenuria, abnormal tubular function, and declining creatinine clearance. Radiologically these patients had enlarged kidneys, cortical infarcts, cortical thinning, and papillary necrosis which were confirmed by autopsy studies. Hypertension developed in eight patients. Urinary tract infection was uncommon. The renal findings bear striking similarity to those of sickle cell anemia. Contrary to the usual opinion, out studies clearly showed evidence of widespread renal pathology in PNH most likely due to repeated microvascular thrombosis similar to the venous thrombosis involving other organs in this disorder.
Acquired granular pool defect in stored platelets
Authors: Rao AK , Niewiarowski S , Murphy S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelets stored as concentrates (PC) for 72 h at 22 degrees C develop a functional defect. Alterations in adenine nucleotides of platelets have been shown to affect platelet function. Adenine nucleotide content of platelets was measured before and after storage and a decrease of 27.1 /+- 1.7% (mean /+- SE) in ATP and 39.1 /+- 2.6% in ADP were found in 34 PC stored with final volume of 50 ml. In 11 PC with 30 ml volume. ATP and ADP decreased by 39.4 /+- 3.2% and 49.4 /+- 2.1%, respectively. The mean ATP to ADP ratio of stored platelets was significantly higher than of fresh platelets in both groups, suggesting a relatively greater decrease in granular than metabolic pool nucleotides. Levels of low affinity platelet factor 4 measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma from 0.86 /+- 0.08 microgram/ml in the fresh PC to 8.59 /+- 0.39 microgram/ml in stored PC, indicating a concomitant alpha-granular secretion. Labeling of metabolic pool with 14C-adenine revealed a mean decrease in the adenylate energy charge of 2.0 /+- 0.4% in 12 of 16 stored PC, with a lower ATP and higher hypoxanthine labeling in stored as compared to fresh platelets. These observations suggest that stored platelets develop an acquired defect in both dense and alpha granules and in their ability to maintain ATP homeostasis.
Human antithrombin III heterogeneity
Authors: Williams L , Murano G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Crossed immunoelectrophoretic patterns were obtained on three patients with a congenital deficiency of anti-thrombin III (AT-III), and on normal single donor and “pooled” plasma controls. In the presence of heparin (incorporated into the agarose gel matrix), the AT-III of normal human plasma was separated into four components: two major, faster-moving components, and two minor, slower-moving components. The three patients with congenital deficiency of AT-III (levels approximately 50% of normal) appeared to possess only one of the faster- moving components, and one of the slower-moving components.