bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seevögel im Südpolarmeer
Authors: Quillfeldt Petra , Masello Juan F. 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungSeevögel unterliegen in antarktischen und subantarktischen Brutgebieten einer Reihe von Herausforderungen, wie Schwankungen des Nahrungsangebots und Veränderungen des Ökosystems im Zuge des Klimawandels, Aggregation und Konkurrenz durch die begrenzte Zahl passender Brutgebiete sowie teils unzugängliche Brutgebiete durch Veränderungen im Niederschlag. Anpassungen an unregelmäßige Nahrungsversorgung wie flexible Inkubations‐ und Nestlingszeiten sowie Torpor in Küken könnten Seevögeln helfen, mit Veränderungen im Zuge des Klimawandels Schritt zu halten. Datenlogger werden eingesetzt, um die Reaktionen der Altvögel auf Veränderungen im Ökosystem und die resultierenden Populationtrends besser zu verstehen. Verschiedene Datenlogger werden für unterschiedliche Anwendungen eingesetzt, von ein Gramm leichten Lichtloggern für das Langzeittracking über große Skalen bis zu hochauflösenden GPS‐Loggern mit Erfassung von Beschleunigungsdaten, die auch für Modellierungen von Energieumsätzen verwendet werden können. Um die Bewegungsökologie der Seevögel vollständiger zu verstehen, müssen verschiedene Ansätze berücksichtigt werden: ökologische Segregation in Raum, Zeit und Nahrungswahl, Energielandschaften und die nicht‐letalen Auswirkungen von Prädation (landscapes of fear).
Population-based study of the impact of small bowel obstruction due to adhesions on short- and medium-term mortality
Authors: Behman R , Nathens A B , Haas B , Look Hong N , Pechlivanoglou P , Karanicolas P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Small bowel obstruction due to adhesions (aSBO) is a common indication for admission to a surgical unit. Despite the prevalence of this condition, the short- and medium-term survival of this patient population has not been well described. The purpose of this study was to measure the short- and medium-term survival of patients admitted to hospital with aSBO.

Methods
Linked administrative data were used to identify patients admitted to hospital in Ontario, Canada, for aSBO between 2005 and 2011. Patients were divided into two groups: those aged less than 65 years (younger group) and those aged 65 years and older (older group). Thirty-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality rates were estimated. One-year mortality was compared with that in the general population, adjusting for age and sex. The timing of deaths in relation to admission was assessed, as well as the proportion of patients discharged before experiencing short-term mortality.

Results
There were 22 197 patients admitted to hospital for aSBO for the first time in the study interval. Mean age was 64·5 years and 52·2 per cent of the patients were women. Overall, the 30-day, 90-day and 1-year mortality rates for the cohort were 5·7 (95 per cent c.i. 5·4 to 6·0), 8·7 (8·3 to 9·0) and 13·9 (13·4 to 14·3) per cent respectively. For both groups, the 1-year risk of death was significantly greater than that of the age-matched general population. The majority of deaths (62·5 per cent) occurred within 90 days of admission, with 36·4 per cent occurring after discharge from the aSBO admission.

Conclusion
Patients admitted with aSBO have a high short-term mortality rate. Increased monitoring of patients in the early period after admission is advisable.
Simultaneous determination of six components in commercial Roukou Wuwei pills using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detector
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhang Hai‐hong , Tian Jia‐ming , Liu Feng‐xi , Zhang Yu‐ping , Zhao Yong‐ming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn efficient ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detector method was established for simultaneous determination of six active components in Roukou Wuwei pills, namely gallic acid, piperine, costundide, dehydrocostus lactone, isoalantolactone and alantolactone. Chromatographic separation of six components was successfully achieved on an Waters BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water using a gradient elution. Gallic acid and piperine were detected at 270 nm and 343 nm, respectively; while costundide, dehydrocostus lactone, isoalantolactone and alantolactone were simultaneously measured at 225 nm. All six calibration curves showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9994) between the peak area of each component and corresponding concentration. Relative standard deviations for inter‐ and intra‐day precisions were <0.45 and 0.77%, respectively. The mean recovery rates ranged from 96.72 to 102.2% with relative standard deviations <2.07%. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy and then successfully applied for the quality control of commercial Roukou Wuwei samples.
Are 90% of deaths from cancer caused by metastases?
Authors: Dillekås Hanna , Rogers Michael S. , Straume Oddbjørn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNumerous publications have stated that metastases are responsible for 90% of cancer deaths, but data underlying this assertion has been lacking. Our objective was to determine what proportions of cancer deaths are caused by metastases. Population‐based data from the Cancer Registry of Norway for the years 2005‐2015 was analyzed. We compared all deaths in the Norwegian population where a cancer diagnosis was registered as cause of death. Deaths caused by cancer, with and without metastases, were analyzed, by sex and tumor group. For solid tumors, 66.7% of cancer deaths were registered with metastases as a contributing cause. Proportions varied substantially between tumor groups. Our data support the idea that the majority of deaths from solid tumors are caused by metastases. Thus, a better understanding of the biology of metastases and identification of druggable targets involved in growth at the metastatic site is a promising strategy to reduce cancer mortality.
BRAFV600E mutation analysis in fine‐needle aspiration cytology specimens for diagnosis of thyroid nodules: The influence of false‐positive and false‐negative results
Authors: Zhao Chong‐Ke , Zheng Jia‐Yi , Sun Li‐Ping , Xu Rong‐Ying , Wei Qing , Xu Hui‐Xiong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe accurate evaluation of BRAFV600E mutation in preoperative fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) specimens is important for making management decisions in thyroid nodules (TNs). The aim of this study was to assess the false‐positive and false‐negative BRAFV600E mutations in thyroid FNAC specimens and their influence on diagnosis of TN.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 292 nodules in 269 patients who underwent BRAFV600E mutation analysis using amplification refractory mutation system‐quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (ARMS‐qPCR) both in FNAC specimens and formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue samples after surgery. The false‐positive and false‐negative mutations for BRAFV600E analysis using ARMS‐qPCR in FNAC specimens were recorded, with reference to the results of BRAFV600E mutation analysis using ARMS‐qPCR in FFPE tissue sample. Diagnostic performances of FNAC, BRAFV600E mutation analysis in FNAC specimens, BRAFV600E mutation analysis in FFPE tissue sample, and the combination of FNAC and BRAFV600E mutation analysis for predicting thyroid malignancy were assessed.ResultsThe false‐positive and false‐negative mutations for BRAFV600E analysis using ARMS‐qPCR in FNAC specimens were 10.1% (19/189) and 7.1% (7/98), respectively. FNAC combined with preoperative BRAFV600E mutation analysis significantly increased the diagnostic sensitivity from 75.7% to 92.3%, and accuracy from 78.7% to 90.6% in comparison with FNAC alone (both P < .001). No significant differences were found between the combination of FNAC and BRAFV600E mutation analysis in FNAC specimens and the combination of FNAC and BRAFV600E mutation analysis in FFPE tissue sample (sensitivity: 92.3% vs 91.9%; accuracy: 90.6% vs 91.3%; both P > .05).ConclusionsFNAC combined with preoperative BRAFV600E mutation analysis can significantly increase the diagnostic performance in comparison with FNAC alone. False‐positive and false‐negative BRAFV600E mutation results are found in preoperative FNAC specimens, whereas it does not affect the overall auxiliary diagnosis of TNs.
Localized accumulation of kappa restricted Russell body‐containing plasma cells in tonsil
Authors: Vazmitsel Maryna A. , Laziuk Katsiaryna , Hammer Richard D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn abnormal clonal plasma cell proliferation with Russell bodies is rare in chronic inflammatory reactions in adult patients. We describe the first case of light chain restricted Russell body accumulation within germinal centers of lymphoid follicles of the tonsil in a child. This should not be confused with a neoplastic process.
Localizing the chaperone activity of erythroid spectrin
Authors: Bose Dipayan , Chakrabarti Abhijit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpectrin, the major protein of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton has canonically been thought to only serve a structural function. We have previously described a novel chaperone‐like property of spectrin and also hypothesized that the chaperone activity and binding of a hydrophobic ligand, Prodan are localized in the self‐association domain. Here we probe the location and molecular origin of the chaperone activity of multi‐domain spectrin using a selection of individual recombinant spectrin domains, which we have characterized using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and CD spectroscopy to show their identity to native spectrin. Aggregation assays using insulin, ADH, α‐ and β‐globin as well as enzyme refolding assays using alkaline phosphatase and α‐glucosidase show that the chaperone activity is not only localized in the self‐association domain but is a generalized property of spectrin domains. This is to our understanding, a unique feature in the case of modular multi‐repeat proteins, possibly implicating that the large family of “spectrin‐repeat” domain containing proteins may also have chaperone like property. Substrate selectivity of chaperone activity as evidenced by the preferential protection of α‐ over β‐globin chains is seen; which has implications in hemoglobin diseases. Moreover, enzyme‐refolding assays also indicate alternate modes of chaperone action. We propose that the molecular origin of chaperone activity resides in the surface exposed hydrophobic patches of the spectrin domains as shown by ANS (1‐anilinonaphthalene‐8‐sulfonic acid) and Prodan (6‐propionyl‐2[dimethylamino]‐naphthalene) binding. We also show that Prodan does indeed have a unique binding site on spectrin located at the self‐association domain.
GABAergic cell types in the superficial layers of the mouse superior colliculus
Authors: Whyland Kyle L. , Slusarczyk Arkadiusz S. , Bickford Martha E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo begin to unravel the complexities of GABAergic circuits in the superior colliculus (SC), we utilized mouse lines that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in cells that contain the 67 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67‐GFP), or Cre‐recombinase in cells that contain glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD; GAD2‐cre). We used Cre‐dependent virus injections in GAD2‐Cre mice and tracer injections in GAD67‐GFP mice, as well as immunocytochemical staining for gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and parvalbumin (PV) to characterize GABAergic cells that project to the pretectum (PT), ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN) or parabigeminal nucleus (PBG), and interneurons in the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) that do not project outside the SC. We found that approximately 30% of SGS neurons in the mouse are GABAergic. Of these GABAergic neurons, we identified three categories of potential interneurons in the GAD67‐GFP line (GABA+GFP ~45%, GABA+GFP + PV ~15%, and GABA+PV ~10%). GABAergic cells that did not contain GFP or PV were identified as potential projection neurons (GABA only ~30%). We found that GABAergic neurons that project to the PBG are primarily located in the SGS and exhibit narrow field vertical, stellate, and horizontal dendritic morphologies, while GABAergic neurons that project to the PT and vLGN are primarily located in layers ventral to the SGS. In addition, we examined GABA and GAD67‐containing elements of the mouse SGS using electron microscopy to further delineate the relationship between GABAergic circuits and retinotectal input. Approximately 30% of retinotectal synaptic targets are the presynaptic dendrites of GABAergic interneurons, and GAD67‐GFP interneurons are a source of these presynaptic dendrites.
An efficient approach for the detection of link failures in WBAN system for health care applications
Authors: Kalaiselvi K. , Suresh G.R. , Ravi V. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryWireless body area network (WBAN) plays an important role in patient health care. The performance of this WBAN system is affected by link failures due to the presence of malicious sensor nodes. Hence, the detection and mitigation of this link failure is important for improving the efficiency of the WBAN system. This paper proposes a methodology for link failure detection using weight metric approach. The performance of the proposed methodology is analyzed in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), link failure detection latency, and link failure detection rate.
Stress and the brain: Perceived stress mediates the impact of the superior frontal gyrus spontaneous activity on depressive symptoms in late adolescence
Authors: Wang Song , Zhao Yajun , Zhang Lei , Wang Xu , Wang Xiuli , Cheng Bochao , Luo Kui , Gong Qiyong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdentifying factors for the prediction of depression is a long‐standing research topic in psychiatry and psychology. Perceived stress, which reflects the tendency to appraise one's life situations as stressful and overwhelming, has emerged as a stable predictor for depressive symptoms. However, the neurobiological bases of perceived stress and how perceived stress influences depressive symptoms in the healthy brain remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated these issues in 217 healthy adolescents by estimating the fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) via resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. A whole‐brain correlation analysis showed that higher levels of perceived stress were associated with greater fALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), which is a core brain region for cognitive control and emotion regulation‐related processes. Mediation analysis further indicated that perceived stress mediated the link between the fALFF in the left SFG and depressive symptoms. Importantly, our results remained significant even when excluding the influences of head motion, anxiety, SFG gray matter structure, and school environment. Altogether, our findings suggested that the fALFF in the left SFG is a neurofunctional marker of perceived stress in adolescents and revealed a potential indirect effect of perceived stress on the association between the SFG spontaneous activity and depressive symptoms.
Metal Olefin Complexes: Revisiting theDewar−Chatt−DuncansonModel and Deriving Reactivity Patterns from Carbon‐13 NMR Chemical Shift
Authors: Gordon Christopher P. , Andersen Richard A. , Copéret Christophe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetal olefin complexes that are ubiquitous intermediates in catalysis are investigated by a detailed analysis of their13C‐NMR chemical shift tensors. This analysis allows evidencing specific electronic features, namely the olefin‐to‐metalσ‐donation and the metal‐to‐olefinπ‐backdonation as proposed in theDewar−Chatt−Duncansonmodel. Apart from these interactions, the chemical shift tensor analysis reveals an additional ligand‐to‐metalπ‐donation of the olefinσ(C=C) orbital in systems with suitably oriented vacant d‐orbitals. This interaction which is not accounted for in theDewar−Chatt−Duncansonmodel explains the reactivity of this type of metal olefin complexes towards oxidative cyclization (olefin insertion) and protonolysis.
Applying lean management to reduce radiology turnaround times for emergency department
Authors: Verbano Chiara , Crema Maria 
Published: August 2019

SummaryGiven the high impact of emergency department (ED) on the quality of care delivered by an hospital, and the many challenges it is facing (eg, overcrowding, excessive waiting time, cost containment, and increasing demand from patients), innovative managerial approaches should be adopted in order to develop safer and more efficient healthcare in this setting.The current study focuses on an application of lean thinking to reduce radiology turnaround times for ED, with the final aim to highlight the key factors enabling the adoption of lean thinking in this context. A research framework has been developed in the literature to analyse lean projects in healthcare and it has been adapted to study the case selected in an Italian hospital. In particular, organizational aspects, phases, and activities of the applied methodology, tools and procedures, and the achieved outcomes have been analysed.The study reports how radiology turnaround times for ED can be significantly reduced applying lean management principles and techniques. The achieved results contribute not only to comply with the regulation, but also to enhance the quality of care delivered to the patient; moreover, staff communication, involvement, and process awareness are favoured by the realization of similar projects promoting the diffusion of a lean culture.
Group divisible designs with block size four and type gum1—III
Authors: Forbes A. D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe deal with group divisible designs (GDDs) that have block size four and group type , where or 4 (mod 6). We show that the necessary conditions for the existence of a 4‐GDD of type are sufficient when  = 14, 20, 22, 26, 28, 32, 34, 38, 40, 44, 46, 50, 52, 58, 62, 68, 76, 88, 92, 100, 104, 116, 124, 136, 152, 160, 176, 184, 200, 208, 224, 232, 248, 272, 304, 320, 368, 400, 448, 464 and 496. Using these results we go on to show that the necessary conditions are sufficient for ,  = 19, 23, 25, 29, 31, , , as well as for ,  = 2, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, , with possible exceptions , and for a few large values of .
CytoMatrix for a reliable and simple characterization of lung cancer stem cells from malignant pleural effusions
Authors: Bruschini Sara , di Martino Simona , Pisanu Maria Elena , Fattore Luigi , De Vitis Claudia , Laquintana Valentina , Buglioni Simonetta , Tabbì Eugenio , Cerri Andrea , Visca Paolo , Alessandrini Gabriele , Facciolo Francesco , Napoli Christian , Trombetta Marcella , Santoro Antonio , Crescenzi Anna , Ciliberto Gennaro , Mancini Rita 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation with the properties of extensive self‐renewal, capability to generate differentiated cancer cells and resistance to therapies. We have previously shown that malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) from patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represent a valuable source of cancer cells that can be grown as three‐dimensional (3D) spheroids enriched for stem‐like features, which depend on the activation of the Yes‐associated protein‐transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‐binding motif (YAP‐TAZ)/Wnt‐βcatenin/stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) axis. Here, we describe a novel support, called CytoMatrix, for the characterization of limited amounts of cancer cells isolated from MPEs of patients with NSCLC. Our results show that this synthetic matrix allows an easy and fast characterization of several epithelial cellular markers. The use of CytoMatrix to study CSCs subpopulation confirms that SCD1 protein expression is enhanced in 3D spheroids when compared with 2D adherent cell cultures. YAP/TAZ nuclear‐cytoplasmic distribution analysed by CytoMatrix in 3D spheroids is highly heterogeneous and faithfully reproduces what is observed in tumour biopsies. Our results confirm and extend the robustness of our workflow for the isolation and phenotypic characterization of primary cancer cells derived from the lung MPEs and underscore the role of SCD1.
Weight loss in heart failure is associated with increased mortality only in non‐obese patients without diabetes
Authors: Niedziela Jacek T. , Hudzik Bartosz , Strojek Krzysztof , Poloński Lech , Gąsior Mariusz , Rozentryt Piotr 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWeight loss (WL) is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). Moderate WL is recommended for overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic impact of body weight reduction on survival in patients with both HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and DM.MethodsThe study comprised patients with HFrEF at the outpatient clinic. WL was defined as a body weight reduction of at least 7.5% during at least 6 months. Clinical features and 1 year mortality were analysed in WL and DM groups. Multivariate regression model was chosen to assess the predictive role of WL in HF patients with and without DM. The analysis regarding obesity before HF was also performed.ResultsThe study comprised 777 patients with HFrEF. Mean age was 53.2 ± 9.2, 12.0% were women, mean EF was 23.7 ± 6.0 %, and New York Heart Association III or IV class, DM, and WL were found in 60.5%, 33.3%, and 47.1% patients, respectively. WL was more prevalent in diabetic patients, comparing with those without DM (53.7% vs. 43.8%, respectively, 0.01), and was associated with higher 1 year mortality only in non‐diabetic group (17.6% for WL vs. 8.2% for non‐WL, log‐rank 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, WL was associated with a higher risk of 1 year mortality in non‐diabetic patients: HR 1.76 (1.05–2.95), 0.03 and only in the subgroup without obesity: HR 2.35 (1.28–4.32), 0.006. In non‐diabetic patients with obesity and in diabetic patients regardless of weight status, WL was not associated with worse prognosis (thereof, WL was excluded from the multivariate models).ConclusionsOverall, WL in HFrEF has emerged as a predictor of unfavourable outcomes only in non‐obese patients without DM. More importantly, this study has identified that the presence of DM (irrespective of weight status) or the presence of obesity in non‐diabetic patients abolished the unfavourable impact of WL on long‐term outcomes.