bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instantaneous responses of microbial communities to stress in soils pretreated with Mentha spicata essential oil and/or inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus
Authors: Konstantinou Sotiris , Monokrousos Nikos , Kapagianni Pantelitsa , Menkissoglu‐Spiroudi Urania , Gwynn‐Jones Dylan , Stamou George P. , Papatheodorou Efimia M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe instantaneous response of a soil microbial community to a chemical stressor (Mentha spicata essential oil) was studied post acclimation to the same chemical treatment at lower exposure. Acclimation involved the repeated addition of small amounts of the essential oil weekly for a period of 1 month, while for the stress treatment, a 10‐fold exposure level was introduced. We also tested the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) in the reponse of microbial community to the same stress exposure by pre‐inoculating plant roots in the soil with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis. Three days after stress exposure, the structure of the soil microbial community was investigated in addition to the activities of six soil enzymes mainly related to the N‐cycle. The two preselected AMF inoculation and acclimation soil microbial communities responded differently to the subsequent stress. Acclimation enhanced the biomass of G+ bacteria, fungi and microeukaryotes, showing a priming effect of a low‐intensity stimulus when applied repeatedly, while AMF inoculation decreased the biomass of these microbial groups. The relative changes in microbial biomasses in jointly pretreated samples were not different from the control, suggesting opposing effects of the two pretreatments. On the contrary, the jointly pretreated samples responded to stress exposure by exhibiting increased activity of asparaginase and glutaminase and reduced activity of arylamidase. Finally, the relationship between enzyme activities and certain microbial ratios denotes that specific activities depended on the relative abundance of specific functional groups (e.g., G+ or G−) rather than on their biomass per se.
Yield Curve and Financial Uncertainty: Evidence Based on US Data
Authors: Castelnuovo Efrem 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHow do short‐ and long‐term interest rates respond to a jump in financial uncertainty? We address this question by conducting a local projections analysis with US monthly data, period: 1962–2018. The state‐of‐the‐art financial uncertainty measure proposed by Ludvigson, Ma and Ng (2019) is found to predict movements in interest rates at different maturities. In particular, an increase in financial uncertainty is found to trigger a negative and significant response of both short‐ and long‐term interest rates. The response of the short end of the yield curve (i.e., of short‐term interest rates) is found to be stronger than that of the long end (i.e., of long‐term ones). In other words, a financial uncertainty shock causes a temporary steepening of the yield curve. This result is consistent, among other interpretations, with medium‐term expectations of a recovery in real activity after a financial uncertainty shock.
The Influence of Climate on Migration
Authors: Wesselbaum Dennis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of research into the phenomenon of whether climatic factors, such as temperature and weather‐related disasters, affect the decision to migrate. As an example, we examine migration flows from 198 countries to Australia for the time span from 1980 to 2015. Our results show that temperature does not have a robust, significant effect on migration flows, while weather‐related disasters do significantly affect flows to Australia.
Consumer Sensory Comparisons Among Beef, Horse, Elk, and Bison Using Preferred Attributes Elicitation and Check‐All‐That‐Apply Methods
Authors: Popoola Ibironke O. , Bruce Heather L. , McMullen Lynn M. , Wismer Wendy V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite their nutritional benefits, consumption of red meat from alternative sources such as bison, elk, and horse is low when compared to beef. Sensory attributes and drivers of liking were identified for these meats using the Preferred Attributes Elicitation (PAE) and Check‐All‐That‐Apply (CATA) methods. For the PAE study, 25 panelists evaluated beef, horse, bison, and elk meats in three different group sessions (n= 7, 7, and 11), whereas 63 panelists participated in the CATA study. Consumers in both PAE and CATA studies associated horse meat with dry and fibrous appearance, whereas beef was associated with meaty/beefy flavor and aroma: bison with metallic and livery aroma and intense aftertaste and elk meat with livery, fishy, metallic flavor, musky aroma, and bloody aftertaste. Penalty analysis on the CATA data identified similar drivers of meat liking as the PAE groups. The attributes were juiciness, meaty/beefy aroma, tender texture, meaty/beefy flavor, and mild flavor and aroma. Attributes with significantly negative mean impact on liking were dryness, tough texture, livery flavor, and aftertaste. Association of these attributes with horse and elk meats has implication on drivers of dislike for these meat types. Cluster analysis identified a small group of consumers with preference for horse and elk meats, and this may present niche market opportunities for these meat types. Results showed that the PAE method was comparable to CATA for the evaluation of meat from different species and for identification of drivers of liking and that both methods are effective for meat sensory characterization.Practical ApplicationLean red meat from unconventional sources such as elk, bison, and horse has unique sensory attributes that may influence acceptance. This study characterized the sensory attributes of these meats and their impact on liking using two rapid consumer descriptive profiling methods—PAE and CATA. Undesirable flavor and aftertaste attributes were identified as the major drivers of disliking for these unconventional meats. Both methods gave similar description of the samples, thus confirming the suitability of PAE for descriptive meat profiling by consumer panels.
Preventing esophageal strictures with steroids after endoscopic submucosal dissection in superficial esophageal neoplasm
Authors: Pih Gyu Young , Kim Do Hoon , Gong Eun Jeong , Na Hee Kyong , Jung Kee Wook , Lee Jeong Hoon , Ahn Ji Yong , Choi Kee Don , Song Ho June , Lee Gin Hyug , Jung Hwoon‐Yong 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic steroid administration in preventing post‐endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) esophageal stricture and to determine risk factors for these strictures.MethodsPatients who underwent ESD for superficial esophageal neoplasms with a mucosal defect affecting >75% of the esophageal circumference between January 2011 and August 2016 were eligible. Patients were classified into three groups, including ESD‐alone group (n = 22), oral steroid group (n = 25) and intralesional steroid injection group (n = 6). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors for esophageal stricture.ResultsThe stricture rate was 50.0%, 20.0% and 33.3% in the ESD‐alone group, oral steroid group and steroid injection group, respectively. Patients treated with steroids had a significantly lower stricture rate than the ESD‐alone group (22.6% vs 50.0%, P = 0.046). Additionally, oral steroid group had a significantly lower stricture rate than the ESD‐alone group (P = 0.037). Multivariate analysis revealed that the extent of the circumferential mucosal defect was a significant risk factor for post‐ESD strictures (odds ratio [OR] 13.015, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.257‐76.077, P = 0.004). The administration of steroids (OR 0.108, 95% CI 0.020‐0.578, P = 0.009), specifically oral steroids (OR 0.109, 95% CI 0.019‐0.622, P = 0.013), was associated with prevention of post‐ESD strictures.ConclusionOral steroid prophylaxis appears to be a safe and effective treatment in preventing post‐ESD stricture and improving patients' quality of life.
Combined epidural‐general anaesthesia vs general anaesthesia in neonatal gastrointestinal surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gannam‐Somri Lina , Matter Ibrahim , Hadjittofi Christopher , Vaida Sonia , Khalaily Husein , Hossein Jalaa , Somri Mostafa 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPost‐operative ileus is a frequent complication of gastrointestinal surgery under general anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether combined epidural‐general anaesthesia is associated with expedited gastrointestinal function recovery in neonates undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery.MethodsA randomized controlled trial including 60 neonates who underwent gastrointestinal surgery at a university hospital was performed. Thirty neonates received combined epidural‐general anaesthesia (CEGA), and 30 neonates received general anaesthesia (GA) alone. The primary outcome was the post‐operative time to tolerance of full enteral nutrition. The secondary outcomes were the post‐operative time defaecation, the duration of nasogastric drainage, and infections.ResultsAfter excluding two neonates from the CEGA group, where repeated attempts at epidural catheterization were unsuccessful, a total of 58 patients completed the study (CEGA: 28; GA: 30). Full enteral nutrition was tolerated earlier in CEGA vs the GA group (4.0 vs 8.0 days; P = .0001). Time to defaecation was shorter in the CEGA group (3.5 vs 5.0 days; P = .0001). Duration of nasogastric drainage was similar between groups (7.0 vs 7.0 days; P = .9502). Fewer patients in the CEGA group experienced post‐operative infection (35.7% vs 60.0%; P = .038).ConclusionCombined epidural‐general anaesthesia is associated with expedited gastrointestinal function recovery and a lower infection risk after gastrointestinal surgery in neonates.
Diabetic patients' knowledge of the bidirectional link: are dental health care professionals effectively conveying the message?
Authors: Siddiqi A , Zafar S , Sharma A , Quaranta A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a global public health concern with significant upshots due to its high prevalence, severity and associated complications. The present review aims to evaluate the literature that has investigated the awareness and attitude of diabetic patients about their oral/periodontal health to identify gaps in the dissemination of this critical information. Literature addressing diabetic patient’s awareness/knowledge, response to their periodontal health needs, and the source of oral health education was investigated using a computer search of electronic databases. Twenty‐six papers were included in the systematic review for analysis. The studies reported data from 13 different countries involving 10 550 participants, 9843 patients with DM and 974 healthy controls. The overall analysis of the studies showed that approximately 73% of the diabetic patients were unaware of the link between their systemic condition (DM) and periodontal health. The results of the study show that a large number of diabetic patients are unaware of the link between oral/periodontal health and DM. There is a strong need to implement the recent guidelines established by the IDF/EFP concerning mutual care of diabetic patients by the medical and dental health care professionals. This will result in improved general and oral health of our diabetic patients.
Analysis and comparison of long non‐coding RNAs expressed in the ovaries of Meishan and Yorkshire pigs
Authors: Wang Z. , Yang Y. , Li S. , Li K. , Tang Z. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryLncRNAs comprise a vast majority of the RNAs transcribed from non‐coding regions of mammalian genomes. Recently, lncRNAs have emerged as key regulators of a wide range of biological processes. In this study, we identified lncRNAs expressed in swine ovary tissue from Yorkshire and Meishan pigs. We obtained 3827 lncRNAs expressed from 4973 transcripts in swine ovary tissue, of which 510 were ovary specific, 192 were differentially expressed between Yorkshire and Meishan pigs and 38 were both ovary specific and differentially expressed. Furthermore, we randomly selected several differentially expressed and ovary‐specific lncRNAs for verification by qRT‐PCR and RT‐PCR respectively. We also predicted the functions of the lncRNAs by analysing their nearest neighbouring protein‐coding genes. Together, our results identify a series of ovary‐associated lncRNAs for further experimental investigation of the functions of these genes in ovary development or for selection of candidate genes for breeding.
Compliance with multidisciplinary team meeting management recommendations
Authors: Samarasinghe Amali , Chan Arlene , Hastrich Diana , Martin Richard , Gan Albert , Abdulaziz Farah , Latham Margaret , Zissiadis Yvonne , Taylor Mandy , Willsher Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate patient compliance with management recommendations given by a breast cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT), assess for reasons for noncompliance, and perform an exploratory assessment on breast cancer outcomes in noncompliant patients.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was undertaken for patients selected by their primary clinician to be discussed at the MDT of Breast Cancer Research Centre‐WA in Perth between 1st March 2011 and the 28th February 2016. The primary objective was the rate of compliance with MDT management recommendations. Secondary objectives included factors associated with noncompliance, rate of clinical trial uptake, and impact of treatment noncompliance on breast cancer events in a subgroup of early breast cancer (EBC) patients.Results and conclusionA total of 2614 MDT management recommendations were made for 925 patients. Overall, 92% were compliant with all recommendations given. Clinical trial recruitment was successful in 84.1%. The reasons given for treatment noncompliance were fear of toxicity, choosing an alternative treatment, and treatment inconvenience.In a subset of 337 EBC patients, there was a significantly higher rate of contralateral breast cancer, distant recurrence, and breast cancer‐specific death, P = .0016, in those who were noncompliant. Our study demonstrates a high rate of MDT treatment recommendation compliance and clinical trial recruitment. In a subgroup of EBC patients, noncompliance was associated with significantly worse outcomes. Attention to educating patients to minimize their fear of treatment toxicity and ensuring their understanding of evidence‐based treatment may lead to lower rates of noncompliance.
Blood eosinophil count and airway epithelial transcriptome relationships in COPD versus asthma
Authors: George Leena , Taylor Adam R. , Esteve‐Codina Anna , Soler Artigas María , Thun Gian Andri , Bates Stewart , Pavlidis Stelios , Wagers Scott , Boland Anne , Prasse Antje , Boschetto Piera , Parr David G. , Nowinski Adam , Barta Imre , Hohlfeld Jens , Greulich Timm , van den Berge Maarten , Hiemstra Pieter S. , Timens Wim , Hinks Timothy , Wenzel Sally , Siddiqui Salman , Richardson Matthew , Venge Per , Heath Simon , Gut Ivo , Tobin Martin D. , Edwards Lindsay , Riley John H. , Djukanovic Ratko , Auffray Charles , De‐Meulder Bertrand , Erik‐Dahlen Sven , Adcock Ian M. , Chung Kian Fan , Ziegler‐Heitbrock Loems , Sterk Peter J. , Singh Dave , Brightling Christopher E. ,   the U‐BIOPRED and the EvA study teams
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether the clinical or pathophysiologic significance of the “treatable trait” high blood eosinophil count in COPD is the same as for asthma remains controversial. We sought to determine the relationship between the blood eosinophil count, clinical characteristics and gene expression from bronchial brushings in COPD and asthma.MethodsSubjects were recruited into a COPD (emphysema versus airway disease [EvA]) or asthma cohort (Unbiased BIOmarkers in PREDiction of respiratory disease outcomes, U‐BIOPRED). We determined gene expression using RNAseq in EvA (n = 283) and Affymetrix microarrays in U‐BIOPRED (n = 85). We ran linear regression analysis of the bronchial brushings transcriptional signal versus blood eosinophil counts as well as differential expression using a blood eosinophil > 200 cells/μL as a cut‐off. The false discovery rate was controlled at 1% (with continuous values) and 5% (with dichotomized values).ResultsThere were no differences in age, gender, lung function, exercise capacity and quantitative computed tomography between eosinophilic versus noneosinophilic COPD cases. Total serum IgE was increased in eosinophilic asthma and COPD. In EvA, there were 12 genes with a statistically significant positive association with the linear blood eosinophil count, whereas in U‐BIOPRED, 1197 genes showed significant associations (266 positive and 931 negative). The transcriptome showed little overlap between genes and pathways associated with blood eosinophil counts in asthma versus COPD. Only CST1 was common to eosinophilic asthma and COPD and was replicated in independent cohorts.ConclusionDespite shared “treatable traits” between asthma and COPD, the molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical entities are predominately different.
Risk factors for children requiring adenotonsillectomy and their impact on postoperative complications: a retrospective analysis of 2000 patients
Authors: Gehrke T. , Scherzad A. , Hagen R. , Hackenberg S. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryAdenotonsillectomies are commonly performed procedures and sleep‐disordered breathing is becoming increasingly important as an indication for surgery. Because of the higher risks in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea, the required level of postoperative care for these patients is currently under discussion, and better identification of patients at risk may reduce unnecessary postoperative monitoring. To evaluate the influence of obstructive sleep apnoea, and other risk factors, on peri‐operative complications in children requiring adenotonsillectomy, we performed a retrospective case‐control study that included 1995 patients treated between January 2009 and June 2017. In our analysis, young age (OR 3.8, 95%CI 2.1–7.1), low body weight (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.5–4.4), obstructive sleep apnoea (OR 2.4, 95%CI 1.5–3.8), pre‐existing craniofacial or syndromal disorders (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.4–3.8) and adenotonsillectomy, compared with adenoidectomy alone, (OR 7.9, 95%CI 4.7–13.1) were identified as risk factors for complications during or after surgery, p < 0.001. All 13 patients suffering from complications more than 3 h postoperatively had obstructive sleep apnoea plus at least one more of these risk factors. Patients at risk of postoperative complications can therefore be identified by several criteria pre‐operatively, and should be monitored postoperatively using pulse oximetry overnight. For all other patients, postoperative observation on a surgical ward without extra monitoring is sufficient. Admission to paediatric intensive care should be reserved for patients suffering serious intra‐operative complications.
Secondary glaucoma and visual outcome after paediatric cataract surgery with primary bag‐in‐the‐lens intraocular lens
Authors: Nyström Alf , Magnusson Gunilla , Zetterberg Madeleine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine predictors of secondary glaucoma and poor visual outcome in children undergoing cataract surgery with bag‐in‐the‐lens (BIL)‐IOL implantation.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively analysed for children with primary implantation with BIL‐IOL during 2009–2013.ResultsThe study included 109 eyes. Median age at surgery was 2.5 years (range 2 weeks–14.1 years), 26.6% being ≤12 weeks of age (= early group). Median follow‐up time was 2.8 years (7 months‐5.8 years). 15 eyes (13.8%) developed glaucoma, 14 (48.3%) in the early group and 1 (1.3%) in the late group (p < 0.001). Within the early group, mean time for surgery differed significantly. Patients developing glaucoma had cataract surgery at 3.5 ± 1.1 weeks (mean ± SD) and the non‐glaucoma patients at 5.7 ± 3.3 weeks (p = 0.024). In the entire cohort, 21 eyes (19.3%) had conditions associated with glaucoma; 57.1% of these developed glaucoma compared to 3.4% without these conditions (p < 0.001). Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) (decimal) of ≥0.5 was seen in 50 eyes (48.5%), median 0.63 in the late group and 0.15 in the early group. Glaucoma eyes in the early group (surgery at 3.5 weeks) achieved 0.56 median (range, 0.4–1.0) logMAR, (0.28 decimal) CDVA, whereas non‐glaucoma eyes (surgery at 5.7 weeks) achieved 0.89 median (range 0.7–1.6) logMAR (0.13 decimal) CDVA; p = 0.016. Glaucoma development in infants between 5 weeks and 2 years of age was 6.7% (n = 2/30).ConclusionsComorbidity strongly increases the risk of secondary glaucoma. Surgery during the first month is correlated with better CDVA outcome and glaucoma. After 5 weeks of age, glaucoma rate is low with the BIL‐IOL.
Suivre la carrière des solutions de politique publique : les grands projets d’aréna au Québec
Authors: Mévellec Anne , Bernier André 
Published: September 2019

SommaireÀ partir de trois cas québécois, cet article examine la place qu’occupe le grand projet d’aréna dans l’action publique urbaine. Plus précisément, les auteurs interrogent les raisons expliquant le succès de ces projets. D’un point de vue de politique publique, l’entrée analytique par les « solutions » (Zittoun 2013a) plutôt que par les « problèmes » permet de saisir le caractère dynamique de la construction de ces politiques publiques et de montrer la malléabilité de la « solution aréna ». L’analyse utilise le discours public, tiré de sources documentaires, comme point d’entrée pour suivre la carrière de la « solution aréna ».
Organizational change in Canadian public institutions: The implementations of GBA+ in DND/CAF
Authors: Johnstone Rachael , Momani Bessma 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn 2016, the Department of National Defence (DND) and the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) committed to the adoption of a Gender‐Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) toolkit across the forces. This article finds that the organizational culture of DND/CAF has helped them to adapt to this new policy approach, but that learning and transformation are not occurring. Based on DND/CAF documents, published internal DND/CAF studies, participant observation, interviews, surveys, and focus groups with DND/CAF staff, this article suggests that internal efforts to adjust to GBA+ continue to be challenging because of organizational culture.