bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Bora Emre 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia is associated with significant cognitive impairment. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia remain unclear. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are among the most commonly investigated peripheral markers of cognition in schizophrenia.MethodsA systematic review in PubMed and Scopus databases was performed until 31 January 2019 to assess the relationship between cognitive impairment, CRP and BDNF levels in schizophrenia. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.ResultsCurrent meta-analysis included 21 studies including 2449 patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Overall, both BDNF [r = 0.12, confidence interval (CI) 0.04–0.19] and CRP (r = −0.13, CI 0.08–0.18) levels were very modestly but significantly related to cognitive functioning in schizophrenia (r = 0.12, CI 0.04–0.19). In meta-analyses of cognitive domains, BDNF levels were significantly associated with verbal memory (r = 0.16, CI 0.09–0.23), working memory (r = 0.14, CI 0.06–0.22), processing speed (r = 0.18, CI 0.10–0.26) and verbal fluency (r = 0.09, CI 0–0.18) performances. Elevated CRP levels were related to all cognitive domains (r = −0.09 to −0.13) except for fluency. Subgroup analyses suggested that the relationship between cognitive and BDNF levels were more pronounced in chronic samples.ConclusionsCurrent findings suggest that cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is significantly related to elevated CRP and reduced BDNF levels in schizophrenia, particularly in chronic samples. However, small effect sizes of these correlations suggest that inflammation and decreased BDNF levels do not play a major role in cognitive dysfunction in most patients with schizophrenia. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential intermediating and confounding factors which can influence the level of relationship between inflammation, neurotrophic factors and cognition in schizophrenia.
A longitudinal investigation of language mixing in Spanish–English dual language learners: the role of language proficiency, variability, and sociolinguistic factors
Authors: MONTANARI Simona , OCHOA Wendy , SUBRAHMANYAM Kaveri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study examines language mixing in 26 Spanish–English dual language learners over the course of their first year of preschool. The children's patterns of language choice while interacting in monolingual language contexts were analyzed at age 3;6 and 4;5 to examine: (1) whether the frequency of language mixing changed during the year; (2) whether mixing was related to proficiency as measured by utterance length and lexical diversity; and (3) whether there were different subgroups of children, among the participants, with similar proficiency and language use patterns. The results indicate that language mixing, which was low at both ages, was related to limited lexical resources only at 3;6. However, by age 4;5, language choice was more constrained by sociolinguistic variables – children's awareness of the language prescribed by the majority culture – than by proficiency. An exploratory cluster analysis further reveals different profiles of learners sharing similar proficiency and language mixing characteristics.
Medieval corporations, membership and the common good: rethinking the critique of shareholder primacy
Authors: Mansell Samuel F. , Sison Alejo José G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe notion that business corporations should be managed for the exclusive benefit of shareholders has been widely challenged. In particular, critics have argued that directors are authorised to serve the interests of thecorporation: a legal entity that is completely separate from its shareholders. However, the premise that shareholders have sole legitimate claim to ‘membership’ has rarely been questioned. This article explores medieval thought on ownership, authority and participation in guilds, churches, towns and universities, and shows that membership can be understood as participation in, and shared responsibility for, a group's distinct collaborative activity over time. Our theory suggests that ‘membership’ in the modern corporation extends to non-shareholding stakeholders, but with the implication that ownership and authority are vested in the members as a body and not in a separate entity.
Surface impedance properties of a wire grid embedded in a chiral medium
Authors: Awan Z. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe surface impedance characteristics of a wire grid composed of infinitely long parallel conducting wires embedded in lossless and lossy frequency-dispersive chiral background media have been investigated. Using wavefield decomposition approach for a chiral background and with the application of impedance boundary conditions for a wire grid, an analytic expression for the surface impedance of a wire grid with a chiral background has been derived. It is shown that the surface impedance magnitude of a wire grid with chiral nihility background is close to zero and almost independent of incident polar angles. A strong chiral background significantly enhances the surface impedance magnitude of a wire grid for incident polar angles closer to right angle as compared to the free space background. The same electromagnetic appearance of a wire grid with frequency-dispersive chiral and free space background media at some critical frequency has also been discussed which may find applications in electromagnetic illusions. It is also shown that if the value of incident polar angles are closer to right angle then the impedance magnitude of a wire grid embedded in the realistic chiral background is smaller as compared to the same wire grid when placed in the free space background.
Late Quaternary Tectonics, Incision, and Landscape Evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, Eastern Cordillera, NW Argentina
Authors: McCarthy James A. , Schoenbohm Lindsay M. , Bierman Paul R. , Rood Dylan , Hidy Alan J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnraveling the relative impacts of climate, tectonics, and lithology on landscape evolution is complicated by the temporal and spatial scale over which observations are made. We use soil and desert pavement classification, longitudinal river profiles, 10Be‐derived catchment mean modern and paleo‐erosion rates, and vertical incision rates to test whether, if we restrict our analyses to a spatial scale over which climate is relatively invariant, tectonic and lithologic factors will dominate the late Quaternary landscape evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment, NW Argentina. We find that the spatial distribution of erosion rates, normalized channel steepness indices, and concavity indices reflect active tectonics and lithologic resistance. Knickpoints are spatially coincident with tectonic and/or lithologic discontinuities, indicating local base‐level control by faulting. Catchment mean erosion rates, ranging from 22.5 ± 2.6 to 121.9 ± 13.7 mm/kyr, and paleo‐erosion rates, ranging from 56 +43/‐19 to 105 +60/‐33 mm/kyr, are similar, possibly suggesting that Quaternary climate changes have not had a strong enough influence on erosion rates to be detected using cosmogenic 10Be. However, punctuated abandonment of pediment and strath terraces at 43.6 +15.0/‐11.6, 91.2 +54.2/‐22.2, and 151 +92.7/‐34.1 ka and disparities between vertical incision rates and catchment mean erosion rates could suggest periods of landscape transience, possibly reflecting climate cyclicity. Our results emphasize the role of tectonic uplift and lithologic contrasts in shaping long‐term erosion rates and channel morphology at the relatively local scale of the Calchaqui River Catchment, in contrast to regional‐scale studies which find precipitation to exert the dominant control.
Estimating Connectivity Through Larval Dispersal in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Gamoyo Majambo , Obura David , Reason Chris J. C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe health and functioning of coral reef ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean are in decline due to anthropogenic stress, and the rate of decline is set to accelerate. Marine reserves have become important tools in mitigating these pressures, and one of the most critical factors in determining their spatial design is the degree of connectivity among populations. However, the spatial scale and strength at which populations are potentially connected by dispersal remain uncertain. In this paper, the potential connectivity of corals was assessed through a Lagrangian particle‐tracking algorithm coupled offline with an ocean circulation numerical model. Connectivity metrics and graph theory were used to analyze the networks and highlight those reefs that are critical for maintaining the connectivity of corals across the region. Western Indian Ocean coral reefs formed about 13 clusters for larvae with short pelagic larval duration (PLD; 5 days) but grouped into stable larger clusters at 15, 30, and 60 days PLDs, with strong westward dispersal from the northern tip of Madagascar and Comoro Islands toward the East African coast. Reefs at Mafia‐Latham Island (Tanzania), Angoche‐Nacala and Pemba‐Mucufi (Mozambique), Anjouan and Ngazidja (Comoros), and Glorieuses (France) were the most significant for multigenerational connectivity, as measured by betweenness centrality. The small islands Agalega and Tromelin were completely disconnected from other sites at all PLDs. These findings identify priority conservation areas and actions to help support coral reef resilience through a connected network of marine protected areas.
In vitro characterization of sonothrombolysis and echocontrast agents to treat ischemic stroke
Authors: Shekhar Himanshu , Kleven Robert T. , Peng Tao , Palaniappan Arunkumar , Karani Kunal B. , Huang Shaoling , McPherson David D. , Holland Christy K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe development of adjuvant techniques to improve thrombolytic efficacy is important for advancing ischemic stroke therapy. We characterized octafluoropropane and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA)-loaded echogenic liposomes (OFP t-ELIP) using differential interference and fluorescence microscopy, attenuation spectroscopy, and electrozone sensing. The loading of rt-PA in OFP t-ELIP was assessed using spectrophotometry. Further, it was tested whether the agent shields rt-PA against degradation by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). An in vitro system was used to assess whether ultrasound (US) combined with either Definity or OFP t-ELIP enhances rt-PA thrombolysis. Human whole blood clots were mounted in a flow system and visualized using an inverted microscope. The perfusate consisted of either (1) plasma alone, (2) rt-PA, (3) OFP t-ELIP, (4) rt-PA and US, (5) OFP t-ELIP and US, (6) Definity and US, or (7) rt-PA, Definity, and US (n = 16 clots per group). An intermittent US insonation scheme was employed (220 kHz frequency, and 0.44 MPa peak-to-peak pressures) for 30 min. Microscopic imaging revealed that OFP t-ELIP included a variety of structures such as liposomes (with and without gas) and lipid-shelled microbubbles. OFP t-ELIP preserved up to 76% of rt-PA activity in the presence of PAI-1, whereas only 24% activity was preserved for unencapsulated rt-PA. The use of US with rt-PA and Definity enhanced lytic efficacy (p < 0.05) relative to rt-PA alone. US combined with OFP t-ELIP enhanced lysis over OFP t-ELIP alone (p < 0.01). These results demonstrate that ultrasound combined with Definity or OFP t-ELIP can enhance the lytic activity relative to rt-PA or OFP t-ELIP alone, respectively.
Mechanisms of lipid droplet biogenesis
Authors: Chapman Kent D. , Aziz Mina , Dyer John M. , Mullen Robert T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that compartmentalize nonbilayer-forming lipids in the aqueous cytoplasm of cells. They are ubiquitous in most organisms, including in animals, protists, plants and microorganisms. In eukaryotes, LDs are believed to be derived by a budding and scission process from the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, and this occurs concomitantly with the accumulation of neutral lipids, most often triacylglycerols and steryl esters. Overall, the mechanisms underlying LD biogenesis are difficult to generalize, in part because of the involvement of different sets of both evolutionarily conserved and organism-specific LD-packaging proteins. Here, we briefly compare and contrast these proteins and the allied processes responsible for LD biogenesis in cells of animals, yeasts and plants.
8.4‐to‐16‐bit resolution, 1‐to‐16 kHz bandwidth ADC with programmable‐gain functionality for multi‐sensor applications
Authors: Rhee J. , Kim S. 
Published: July 2019

A resolution‐reconfigurable, bandwidth‐scalable analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC) with programmable‐gain (PG) functionality for a multi‐sensor system, which encompasses various signals such as bio‐signals and battery‐level, is presented. In PG and low‐power mode, a PG first‐order noise‐shaping (NS) successive‐approximation register (SAR) ADC achieves 8.4‐to‐10.2‐bit operating up to 16 kHz while providing a gain of 1/2/4. The PG NS SAR ADC can be reconfigured as an adder and a quantiser in a delta‐sigma (ΔΣ) modulator enhancing the order of the modulator for high‐resolution. The third‐order ΔΣ modulator achieves 16.1 bits in a bandwidth of 1 kHz. The work is implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process with a 1.8 V power supply.
An analogue of the two-constants theorem and optimal recovery of analytic functions
Authors: Akopyan R. R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Several related extremal problems for analytic functions in a simply connected domain

with rectifiable Jordan boundary

are treated. The sharp inequality

is established between a value of an analytic function in the domain and the weighted integral norms of the restrictions of its boundary values to two measurable subsets

and

of the boundary of the domain. It is an analogue of the F. and R. Nevanlinna two-constants theorem. The corresponding problems of optimal recovery of a function from its approximate boundary values on

and of the best approximation to the functional of analytic extension of a function from the part of the boundary

into the domain are solved.
Bibliography: 35 titles.
A sliceness criterion for odd free knots
Authors: Manturov V. O. , Fedoseev D. A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The problem of concordance and cobordism of knots is a well- known classical problem in low-dimensional topology. The purpose of this paper is to show that for odd free knots, that is, free knots with all intersections odd, the question of whether the knot is slice (concordant to a trivial knot) can be answered effectively by analysing pairing of the chords in a knot diagram.
Bibliography: 8 titles.
Intravascular innate immune cells reprogrammed via intravenous nanoparticles to promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Park Jonghyuck , Zhang Yining , Saito Eiji , Gurczynski Steve J. , Moore Bethany B. , Cummings Brian J. , Anderson Aileen J. , Shea Lonnie D. 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceInflammatory responses, such as those following spinal cord injury (SCI), lead to extensive tissue damage that impairs function. Here, we present nanoparticles that target circulating immune cells acutely, with nanoparticles reprogramming the immune cell response. The polymeric nanoparticles are formed without an active pharmaceutical ingredient that can have off-target effects, and internalization redirects some immune cells to the spleen, with modest numbers at the SCI. Following intravenous delivery, immune cell infiltration is reduced, correlating with decreased tissue degeneration. Furthermore, the SCI develops into a permissive microenvironment characterized by proregenerative immune cell phenotypes, expression of regeneration associated genes, increased axons and myelination, and a substantially improved functional recovery. These nanoparticles may be applied to numerous inflammatory diseases.
Broadband photonic structures for quantum light sources
Authors: He Zhe , Yang Jiawei , Zhou Lidan , Chen Yan , Zhao Tianming , Yu Ying , Liu Jin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Quantum light sources serve as one of the key elements in quantum photonic technologies. Such sources made from semiconductor material, e.g., quantum dots (QDs), are particularly appealing because of their great potential of scalability enabled by the modern planar nanofabrication technologies. So far, non-classic light sources based on semiconductor QDs are currently outperforming their counterparts using nonlinear optical process, for instance, parametric down conversion and four-wave mixing. To fully exploring the potential of semiconductor QDs, it is highly desirable to integrate QDs with a variety of photonic nanostructures for better device performance due to the improved light-matter interaction. Among different designs, the photonic nanostructures exhibiting broad operation spectral range is particularly interesting to overcome the QD spectral inhomogeneity and exciton fine structure splitting for the generations of single-photon and entangled photon pair respectively. In this review, we focus on recent progress on high-performance semiconductor quantum light sources that is achieved by integrating single QDs with a variety of broadband photonic nanostructures i.e. waveguide, lens and low-Q cavity.
Analysis of the Key Structures of RV Reducer Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Song Lei , Shunke Liang , Zheng Zhenxing , Chen Feixin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, key structures of the RV reducer were calculated by finite element method respectively, including the stress and deformation of cycloidal-pin wheel and eccentric shaft. The results show that the contact stress and equivalent stress of cycloidal-pin wheel and eccentric shaft are far less than the strength of materials. It means the strength is not the main consideration of design and manufacture. The stiffness of eccentric shaft is less than the cycloidal-pin wheel, which had a great influence on the transmission accuracy of the machine. In order to improve the rigidity so as to improve the transmission accuracy of gear reducer machine, the modification methods and modification should be chosen to design by the deformation.
Quasi-static Characters for UHMWPE Composites after Hygrothermal Aging
Authors: Zhong Luo , Libao Zhu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper studied the Moisture absorption behaviors, DMTA temperature spectrum, Infra-red spectrogram, Quasi-static characters of the dry and hygrothermal UHMWPE composites. The material was UHMWPE fiber reinforced polyurethane matrix composite manufactured by hot press method, which was firstly kept in a heating oven, and then put in a beaker of distilled 70°C water bath for 24 days and 60 days. The results show that there were two plateaus for the moisture absorption curve of the UHMWPE composites. The coupled effects of moisture and temperature reduce the composite glass transition temperature(Tg) by matrix plasticization and degrades the fiber/matrix interface. The storage modulus and loss modulus of dry and 24 days hygrothermal were gradually decreased in the initiatory calefaction, which drop sharply in Tg. The tensile strength was lossing in the beginning, and comeback to the initial at last in the hygrothermal environment. The quasi-static compressive strength is reduced by about 8% after 24 days treatment. Hygrothermal treatment has no effects on the quasi-static characters.
Response surface modeling and optimizing conditions for anthocyanins extraction from Hibiscussabdariffa L. (Roselle) grown in Lam Dong, Vietnam
Authors: Pham Tri Nhut , Phu Nguyen Thuong Nhan , Duc Lam Tri , Nguyen Minh Tien , Toan Tran Quoc , Hong Nhan Le Thi , N-Vo Dai Viet , Vo Thanh Sang , Bui Le Minh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs, roselle; Malvaceae) is a common ingredient used in the food and pharmaceutical industries for color and health benefits. Anthocyanins along with protocatechuic acid and quercetin have been recognized as bioactive compounds in Hibiscussabdariffa L. aqueous extracts. In this work, Response Surface Methodology was implemented together with Box-Behnken experimental design to investigate the impacts of process variables on anthocyanin extraction yields from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Roselle) grown in Lam Dong, Vietnam. The effects of three independent variables; namely the extraction temperatures of solvent ethanol (X1); the duration of extraction (X2); solid-liquid ratios (X3) on the total anthocyanins content (Y1) were explored. The optimization model showed that with the solid liquid ratio 7.7:1, extraction time 33.29 min, and temperature 56.9°C, the highest anthocyanin concentration of 186.006 mg/L was obtained. Hibiscussabdariffa L. anthocyanin yield detailed significant correlation with high F values, low P values (<0.0001), and desirable determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9770). The resulting quadratic model could be used to predict yields with given conditions. Actual experimental verification and residual testing revealed that the actual anthocyanin yields could be accurately predicted by the model.
Simulation of fabric drying based on heat and mass transfer theory in porous media
Authors: Wang Shuangqing , Chen Huimin , Zhang Huile , Yue Xiaoli 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nowdays, the process of fabric drying inside the drying equipment is critical in practical production, this process affect the quality of dried fabric and energy utilization rate directly. There is a problem that the distribution of the percentage of water in fabric is uneven in drying process in practical production. In order to provide a method to solve this problem, this paper develop an finite element model(FE) on the platform of FLUENT by combining heat and mass transfer theory in porous media and transport theory of gas species organically, On the base of Mathis DHe steaming machine, the FE model is verified by carrying out an experiment.After that, this numerical model is used to study the process of fabric drying and the distribution of the percentage of water. The results indicate that the change of the weight of water in the fabric is nearly linear relationship with time and the percentage of water is low in the margin of fabric in the process of drying. In the later analysis, there have enough confidence that this finite element model can be used to analyse the structure and technological parameters of drying device.
Essential oil from fresh and dried Rosemary cultivated in Lam Dong province, Vietnam
Authors: Anh Trieu Tuan , Thu Ngan Lam Thi , Lam Tri Duc 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Rosemary essential oil has been widely used in folk medicine for treatment of anxiety, memory deficit and cancer thanks to its high antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties. Composition of rosemary essential oil largely depends on the geographical position of the cultivated plant and conditions of the extraction process. In this study, fresh and dried rosemary leaves were used for extraction of essential oil using hydrodistillation method. The extraction performance, composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil were measured. The oil yield for dried leaves (1.2 ml/g) is significantly lower than that for fresh leaves (3.16 ml/g). However, the difference on chemical profile and antioxidation activity of the two oil samples was indistinguishable. The most remarkable finding was the presence of Levoverbenone at very high concentration in rosemary essential oil, accounting for 10.87% and 12.12% of the oil sample extracted from fresh and dried leaves respectively.