bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Experimental Investigation of Low Salinity Water Flooding in Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Alsaedi H. N. , Han P. , Flori R. E. , Brady P. V. , Alhuraishawy A. K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The effect of water chemistry on water-rock interactions and wettability modification during (low ionic strength) low salinity (LS) waterflooding of sandstone cores containing heavy and light oil was investigated. Results are reported from both coreflooding experiments and through simulation with CrunchFlow Multicomponent Reactive Flow and Transport Software.
For core saturated with high viscosity oil (Core2), flooding with HS water at 25°C resulted in an ultimate oil recovery (UOR) of 48% OOIP, and flooding low viscosity oil core (Core1) with HS water resulted in a similar UOR of 50% OOIP. Upon switching to LS water, the additional incremental UOR was 6% and 4% OOIP at 25°C for high and low oil viscosity, respectively. Flooding the cores with HS water followed by LS at other temperatures (70, 90, and 120°C) generally resulted in an increased incremental UOR due to LS of 2 to 4%. In all of the LS flooding cases, the effluent experienced a jump in pH over just the use of HS water. The LS effluent pH jump in light oil was high, but not as high as that in heavy oil at 120°C, meaning that the heavy oil resulted in more ion exchange. Core3 was allocated for surface reactivity test, the Ca2+ effluent was used for matching the Crunch Flow code.
This experiment involved simultaneous processes including cation exchange, sorption, desorption, precipitation, and dissolution. To identify the processes, the experimental data were analyzed using the CrunchFlow reactive transport model that considers all these processes simultaneously. The simulation work was also presented in this work. We also studied the optimum pH, temperature, and Ca2+ desorption for sandstone. Desorption of Ca2+ associated with pH jump seems to have a large impact on LS water enhanced oil recovery.
The Identification of Calcium Naphthenates in a Heavy Oil Reservoir Using Laboratory Techniques to Assess Solids and Fluid Samples
Authors: Castro Leo , Colmenares Gloria 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The precipitation of a black, hard scale initially described as coked asphaltene began to occur in a heavy oil reservoir in Bakersfield, CA. The material had never been encountered before, and previously developed analytical techniques were not providing hard answers as to the composition of the materials. Traditional chemistries applied to remediate asphaltic materials were completely ineffective, as were mineral and organic based acids.
The initial samples gathered were somewhat soluble in traditional asphaltene dispersants, and initial applications of those products did yield some favorable results, but only for a short period of time. Several of the wells failed due to the same precipitates as before which seemed to get more tenacious with each subsequent failure. As more wells began to present with this material, it was apparent that the material being observed was not something previously found in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Analysis using X- ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) yielded results that indicated that the material was primarily organic even though the deposits gathered indicated a very hard scale. Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen (C,H,N) analysis also provided data inconsistent with the known precipitates in the SJV. Wet Analysis techniques were altered to investigate synergies between chemical types and additional laboratory analysis were conducted to identify the Total Acid Number (TAN) and Specific Carboxylic Acid Number (SCAN™) of the produced fluids.
The laboratory and analytical testing was able to establish several key findings. First of all, the TAN and SCAN data for the affected wells concluded that the material being precipitated was low molecular weight Calcium Naphthenate scale. The wet analysis in the laboratory identified combinations of treatment products that were effective at solubilizing the material. This was an important find because those same products applied as stand-alone treatments were not effective at solubilizing the material, but when combined; were able to return the material to solution. The ongoing investigations also determined thatthe material became more insoluble with aging, indicating that a prompt response to the occurrence could make the difference in a successful chemical application.
This paper provides an important awareness of previously unknown deposits that may occur in producing wells that may not be common to many areas domestically as most of the work published on the subject is from the North Sea, Norway, Great Britain, Western Australia, Bohai Bay, offshore Trinidad, Lousiana, the Gulf of Mexico, China, and Africa (Baugh et al. 2005; Runham & Smith 2009; Shepherd et al. 2006; Turner & Smith 2005; Vindstad et al. 2003).
A Review of Responses of Bulk Gel Treatments in Injection Wells-Part II: Water Responses and Economic Assessments
Authors: Aldhaheri Munqith , Wei Mingzhen , Alhuraishawy Ali , Bai Baojun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Polymer bulk gels have been widely applied to mitigate excessive water production in mature oil fields by correcting reservoir permeability heterogeneity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the water responses and the economic assessments of injection-well gel treatments. The survey includes 61 field projects implemented between 1985 and 2014 and compiled from SPE papers and U.S. DOE reports. Ten parameters were evaluated according to the reservoir lithology, formation type, and recovery process using the univariate analysis, stacked histograms, and scatterplots.
Results indicated that gel treatments have very wide ranges of water injection/production responses and economic indicators. We identified that gel treatments do reduce the water production but not dramatically to really low levels. The water production continues to increase after the proactive treatments applied in undeveloped conformance problems at low water cuts (&lt;50%). Contrarily, the water production decreases after the reactive treatments conducted in developed conformance issues at high water cuts (&gt;50%). When successfully applied, gel treatments averagely reduce the water injection rate by 34% and the water cut by 10%; however, the water cut may also increase by 17%. For developed problems, the water cut may stabilize or increase after the remediation mainly in matrix-rock sandstone reservoirs, especially when small gel volumes are injected (&lt;1000 barrels) into this formation type.
Economically, gel treatments are appraised solely based on the oil production response and both water responses are not considered in the evaluation. Typically, gel treatments have cost of incremental oil barrel of 2$/barrel and payout time of 9.2 months and function for 1.9 years. They have better water responses and economics in carbonates than in sandstones and in unconsolidated and naturally-fractured than in matrix-rock formations; however, they have reverse tends with respect to the gel effective time. The gel effective time significantly decreases with the channeling strength, the aperture of flow channels, and the temperature of injected drive-fluids. Generally, the water production response and economic parameters improve as the injected gel volume increases and the treatment timing advances in the flooding life. For different application environments, the present review provides reservoir engineers with updated ideas about what are the low, typical, and high performances of gel treatments when applied successfully and how other treatment aspects affect the performances.
Assessment of future rainfall for the Brahmani-Baitarani river basin – practical implications of limited data availability
Authors: Dahm R. J. , Sperna Weiland F. C. , Singh U. K. , Lal M. , Marchand M. , Singh S. K. , Singh M. P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSevere floods are common in the Brahmani-Baitarani river basin in India. Insights into the implications of climate change on rainfall extremes and resulting floods are of major importance to improve flood risk analysis and water system design. A wide range of statistical and dynamical downscaling and bias-correction methods for the generation of local climate projections exists. Yet, the applicability of these methods highly depends on availability of meteorological data. In developing countries, data availability is often limited, either because data do not exist or because of restrictions on use. We here present a climate change analysis for the Brahmani-Baitarani river basin focusing on changes in rainfall using data from three GCMs from the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) that were selected based on their performance. We apply and compare two widely used and easy to implement bias-correction methods. These were selected because reliable open historical meteorological datasets required for advanced methods were not available. The results indicate likely increases in monsoon rainfall especially in the mountainous regions and likely increases in the number of heavy rain days. We conclude with a discussion on the gap between state-of-the-art downscaling techniques and the actual options in regional climate change assessments.
Astlingen – a benchmark for real time control (RTC)
Authors: Schütze Manfred , Lange Maja , Pabst Michael , Haas Ulrich 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This contribution serves two purposes. (1) It presents an updated version of the Astlingen example developed by the working group ‘Integral Real Time Control’ of the German Water Association (DWA), which serves as a benchmark example for the setup and evaluation of real time control strategies. As this benchmark is also intended for educational use, it demonstrates a simple RTC algorithm, illustrating the main concepts of RTC of drainage system. (2) The paper also encourages the preliminary analysis of the potential feasibility and benefit of a temporal increase of inflow to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) before analysing the WWTP behaviour in detail. For the present example, RTC within the sewer system alone led to almost the same reduction of overflow volume as permitting the inflow to the WWTP to be increased for 6 h within any 24 h, if at all permitted.
Transcriptome Analysis of Orbital Adipose Tissue in Active Thyroid Eye Disease Using Next Generation RNA Sequencing Technology
Authors: Lee Bradford W. , Kumar Virender B. , Biswas Pooja , Ko Audrey C. , Alameddine Ramzi M. , Granet David B. , Ayyagari Radha , Kikkawa Don O. , Korn Bobby S. 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
This study utilized Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to identify differentially expressed transcripts in orbital adipose tissue from patients with active Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) versus healthy controls.

Method:
This prospective, case-control study enrolled three patients with severe, active thyroid eye disease undergoing orbital decompression, and three healthy controls undergoing routine eyelid surgery with removal of orbital fat. RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on freshly obtained orbital adipose tissue from study patients to analyze the transcriptome. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to determine pathways and processes enriched for the differential expression profile. Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate the differential expression of selected genes identified by RNA-Seq.

Results:
RNA-Seq identified 328 differentially expressed genes associated with active thyroid eye disease, many of which were responsible for mediating inflammation, cytokine signaling, adipogenesis, IGF-1 signaling, and glycosaminoglycan binding. The IL-5 and chemokine signaling pathways were highly enriched, and very-low-density-lipoprotein receptor activity and statin medications were implicated as having a potential role in TED.

Conclusion:
This study is the first to use RNA-Seq technology to elucidate differential gene expression associated with active, severe TED. This study suggests a transcriptional basis for the role of statins in modulating differentially expressed genes that mediate the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease. Furthermore, the identification of genes with altered levels of expression in active, severe TED may inform the molecular pathways central to this clinical phenotype and guide the development of novel therapeutic agents.
FIXED POINTS AND STABILITY OF A CLASS OF NONLINEAR DELAY INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH VARIABLE DELAYS
Authors: Gabsi Hocine , Ardjouni Abdelouaheb , Djoudi Ahcene 
Published: April 2018

In this work we study a class of second order nonlinear neutral integro-differential equations x(t)+f(t,x(t),x(t))x(t)+∑_{j=1}^{N}∫_{t-τ_{j}(t)}^{t}a_{j}(t,s)g_{j}(s,x(s))ds +∑_{j=1}^{N}b_{j}(t)x′(t-τ_{j}(t))=0,with variable delays and give some new conditions ensuring that the zero solution is asymptotically stable by means of the fixed point theory. Our work extends and improves previous results in the literature such as, D. Pi <cite>pi2,pi3</cite> and T. A. Burton <cite>b12</cite>. An example is given to illustrate our claim.
Sustained Reduction in Severe Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Complicated by Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia: Two-Year Follow-up in the HypoCOMPaSS Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Little Stuart A. , Speight Jane , Leelarathna Lalantha , Walkinshaw Emma , Tan Horng Kai , Bowes Anita , Lubina-Solomon Alexandra , Chadwick Thomas J. , Stocken Deborah D. , Brennand Catherine , Marshall Sally M. , Wood Ruth , Kerr David , Flanagan Daniel , Heller Simon R. , Evans Mark L. , Shaw James A.M. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE
Severe hypoglycemia is a feared complication of type 1 diabetes; yet, few trials have targeted prevention using optimized self-management (educational, therapeutic, and technological support). We aimed to investigate whether improved awareness and reduced severe hypoglycemia, achieved during an intensive randomized clinical trial (RCT), were sustained after return to routine care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ninety-six adults with type 1 diabetes (29 ± 12 years’ duration) and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia at five U.K. tertiary referral diabetes centers were recruited into a 24-week 2 × 2 factorial RCT (HypoCOMPaSS). Participants were randomized to pump (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]) or multiple daily injections (MDIs) and real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) or self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), with equal education/attention to all groups. At 24 weeks, participants returned to routine care with follow-up until 24 months, including free choice of MDI/CSII; RT-CGM vs. SMBG comparison continued to 24 months. Primary outcome was mean difference (baseline to 24 months [between groups]) in hypoglycemia awareness.

RESULTS
Improvement in hypoglycemia awareness was sustained (Gold score at baseline 5.1 ± 1.1 vs. 24 months 3.7 ± 1.9; P &lt; 0.0001). Severe hypoglycemia rate was reduced from 8.9 ± 12.8 episodes/person-year over the 12 months prestudy to 0.4 ± 0.8 over 24 months (P &lt; 0.0001). HbA1c improved (baseline 8.2 ± 3.2% [66 ± 12 mmol/mol] vs. 24 months 7.7 ± 3.1% [61 ± 10 mmol/mol]; P = 0.003). Improvement in treatment satisfaction and reduced fear of hypoglycemia were sustained. There were no significant differences between interventions at 24 months.

CONCLUSIONS
Optimized insulin replacement and glucose monitoring underpinned by hypoglycemia-focused structured education should be provided to all with type 1 diabetes complicated by impaired awareness of hypoglycemia.
Osmanlı Tekkelerinde Beslenme XVI. Yüzyılda İstanbul'daki Halveti Tekkeleri Örneği
Authors: BÖLÜKBAŞI Ayşe 
Published: April 2018

XVI. yüzyılda
İstanbul'da mevcut Halveti tekkeleri beslenme ihtiyaçlarını karşıladıkları yer
açısından kendi matbahı olan tekkeler, beslenme ihtiyacını mensup olduğu
külliyenin imaretinden karşılayanlar ve beslenme ihtiyacını nereden karşıladığı
bilinmeyen tekkeler olarak üç gruba ayrılıyordu. Tekkelerin sağladığı beslenme
imkanlarından ise tekke personeli, şayet tekke külliye içinde bulunuyorsa
külliyenin diğer birimlerindeki görevliler, tekkenin etrafında yaşayan fakir
fukara, tekkede konaklayan misafirler, mübarek gün ve gecelerde tekkeye gelen
giden herkes istifade edebiliyordu. Tekkelerin geniş toplumsal kesimlere hizmet
vermesi birçok kişinin tekkelerle irtibata geçmesini sağlıyordu.

Vakfiyelerde
beslenme için ayrılan tahsisat, yemek hazırlayan görevliler, matbahta
kullanılan alet ve edevat gibi hususlarda ayrıntılı açıklamalar yapılmaktadır.
Ancak tekke matbahlarının fiziki özellikleri konusunda kısıtlı bilgiler vardır.
Tekke matbahları imaret gibi faaliyet gösteren devasa büyüklükte yapılar
olabildiği gibi daha mütevazı boyutlarda da olabiliyordu. Matbahlar mekânsal
açıdan incelendiğinde genellikle tekke matbahının selamlık ünitesi birimlerinin
yakınına yerleştirildiği tespit edilmektedir. Vakıf belgelerinde matbah dışında
taamhane, kilar, fırın gibi beslenme birimlerden de bahsedilmektedir. Bu
yapılar da çoğunlukla tekke matbahının yanında konumlandırılıyordu.&nbsp;
“Cemiyet” Hareketinin Kuruluşu ve Siyasi Faaliyetlerine İlişkin Bazı Arşiv Kaynakları Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İDRİZİ Murtezan 
Published: April 2018

Cemiyetin tam ismi “İslam Muhafaza-i Hukuk Cemiyeti”dir. Cemiyetin
ismi kendi başına merak uyandırmıştır. Bu cemiyet fiilen Müslüman Arnavutların
olduğu kadar Sırp, Hırvat ve Sloven Krallığı döneminde Müslümanlarla dini
ilişki içinde olan diğer etnik azınlıkların meşru siyasi partisiydi.

Bu araştırma cemiyetin kurulmasına yol açan gelişmeleri
ele almaktadır. Aynı zamanda bazı arşiv kaynakları ile parlamento
tutanaklarından bu siyasi cemiyetin faaliyetleri daha iyi anlaşılacaktır. Genel
olarak, vahşice Türkiye’nin yerini alma, Slavlar tarafından Arnavutluk topraklarının
sömürgeleştirilmesi gibi vurgulanan çeşitli problemler neticesinde, cemiyet
Arnavutlar ile diğer Müslüman azınlıkların haklarını koruyan siyasi bir örgüt
gibi düşünülebilir.

Arnavutlardan toprak gaspı ve bu toprakların Sırp
göçmenlere verilmesi bir tarım reformu olarak anlaşılmıştır. Ancak buna
ilaveten, ana dilde eğitim yasağı sıkı bir şekilde uygulanıyordu ve Sırpça
günlük kullanımda resmi lisandı. Ayrıca, Arnavutça gazete ve dergi basımı
yasaktı. Şimdiye kadar hükümet onları en sert şekilde cezalandırabilmek için
Arnavutlara yönelik çeşitli tuzaklar kurmuştu.
Ultrases Ön İşleminin Havuç Dilimlerinin Kuruma Karakteristikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: TÜFEKÇİ Senem , ÖZKAL Sami Gökhan 
Published: April 2018

Sıcak hava öncesi
uygulanan ultrasonik ön işlemin havuç dilimlerinin kurutma karakteristikleri
üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ön işlem için 20 kHz frekansa sahip ultrases
üreten bir prob kullanılmış olup ön işlem süresi 20, 40, 60 dakika ve ultrases
genliği %55 ve %100 olarak seçilmiştir. Kurutucunun hava hızı 0.3 m/s olup, kurutma
sıcaklığı 50°C ve 60°C olarak seçilmiştir. Artan ön işlem sürelerinde ve
genliklerde havuç dilimlerinin kuruma hızları artarken, kuruma zamanı
kısalmıştır. Havuç dilimlerinin kuruma kinetiğini açıklayan en uygun modellerin
Page ve Modifiye Page modelleri olduğu saptanmıştır. Artan genlikle beraber
havuç dilimlerinin dokusunda meydana gelen zarar taramalı elektron mikroskobu
görüntülerinde belirgin bir şekilde görülmüştür.
Soğuk Pres Üzüm Çekirdeği Yağı Atığının Düşük Yağlı Yağ/ Su Emülsiyonların Reolojik Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: KARASU Salih , ÇETİN Bayram , TOKER Ömer Said 
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmada soğuk pres üzüm çekirdeği yağı
atığının, yağı azaltılmış emülsiyonların üretiminde kullanım olanakları
araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla üzüm çekirdeği yağı atığı ve yağ oranının
emülsiyonların akış davranış, dinamik ve 3ITT reolojik özelliklerine etkisi
incelenmiştir. Yağ oranı %10 ve %30 olan iki farklı kontrol örnekleri
hazırlanmış, %2 ve %4 üzüm çekirdeği yağı atığı içeren emülsiyonlar
üretilmiştir. Örneklerin akış davranış reolojik özellikleri, Hershel-Buckley model ile modellenmiş ve
kıvam katsayısı (K), akış davranış
indeksi (n) ve akma gerilimi (s0)
değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Örneklerin K
değerlerine, yağ ve atık oranın etkisi önemli bulunmuştur (p&lt;0.05).&nbsp; Örneklerin K değerleri 1.39 ile 3.39 Pasn
arasında tespit edilmiş ve en düşük K
değeri yağı azaltılmış örnekten elde edilmiştir. %2 ve %4 üzüm çekirdeği yağı
atığı ilavesiyle, örneklerin K değerlerinde
önemli bir iyileşme gözlemlenmiştir. Örneklerin dinamik reolojik özelliklerine,
yağ oranı ve üzüm çekirdeği yağı atığı oranının etkisi önemli bulunmuştur
(p&lt;0.05). Bütün örneklerin G' değeri G'' değerlerinden yüksek çıkmıştır,
yani tüm örnekler viskoelastik katı karakter sergilemiştir. Örneklerin geri
toparlanma özellikleri, 3-ITT reolojik özellikleri test edilerek
belirlenmiştir. Örnekler 40 s boyunca
yüksek düzeyde (150 s-1) kayma
hızına maruz bırakılmış ve sonraki zaman aralığında geri toparlanma eğilimleri
gözlenmiştir. Bu araştırma sonuçları, üzüm çekirdeği yağı atıklarının, yağı
azaltılmış emülsiyonlarda yapıyı güçlendirici olarak kullanılabileceğini
önermektedir.
Microbiological Risks Related with Raw Materials in Halva Production and Detection of Microbiological Critical Control Points
Authors: AYDIN Ferid , BAŞARAN Burhan 
Published: April 2018

A few studies in the literature reported that
infections were developed due to the consumption of some halva products exported
from Turkey. In this respect, this research aims to monitor and evaluate the
microbiological risks originating from raw material in tahini halva production
unit of a food company implementing ISO 22000. For this purpose, 12 different
samples were taken from different sampling points in halva production processes
and analyses have been performed. Results evaluated according to the decision
tree method indicated that Salmonella spp. was present in sesame, and
pistachio was unsuitable in terms of mould and yeast load. Sesame Roasting and
Viscous Cooking steps were defined as critical control points as the temperature-time
based treatments in these steps eliminate the microbiological risks arising
from raw-materials. Furthermore, cocoa powder and pistachio raw-materials input
validation operations were also defined as critical control points.
Measuring Job Vacancies in New Zealand Through Jobs Online
Authors: Fale Anne , Tuya Carmel 
Published: April 2018

The Department of Labour released a new online job vacancy monitoring series – Jobs Online – in December 2009. This series reports the change in the number of advertisements listed on key job boards: SEEK and Trade Me Jobs. Jobs Online serves as an early indicator of changing labour market and economic conditions.
This paper provides an overview of how job vacancy data was collected in New Zealand and overseas. It outlines how the Department of Labour changed its collection of job vacancy data from the Job Vacancy Monitoring Programme (JVMP) – a manual count of newspaper advertisements – to Jobs Online – an electronic analysis of on­line advertisements on major job boards. The results from Jobs Online are discussed and compared with other labour market indicators.
Overall, the results from Jobs Online show an increase in job vacancies over time in total vacancies and in skilled vacancies. This is in line with employment growth in New Zealand after the recession that started in June 2009. Since October 2010 the growth in job vacancies is easing, but remains positive. The data on skilled vacancies is broken down by region, occupation and industry.
The data from Jobs Online tracks well with other labour market indicators such as the unemployment rate. According to economic theory, the Beveridge curve shows the relationship between the vacancy rate and the unemployment rate over time. The Department’s empirical analysis of the Beveridge curve confirmed that a high vacancy rate calculated from Jobs Online was associated with a low unemployment rate. In addition, a low vacancy rate calculated from Jobs Online was associated with a high unemployment rate.