bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust water desalination membranes against degradation using high loads of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ortiz-Medina J. , Inukai S. , Araki T. , Morelos-Gomez A. , Cruz-Silva R. , Takeuchi K. , Noguchi T. , Kawaguchi T. , Terrones M. , Endo M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractChlorine resistant reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were fabricated using a multi-walled carbon nanotube-polyamide (MWCNT-PA) nanocomposite. The separation performance of these membranes after chlorine exposure (4800 ppm·h) remained unchanged (99.9%) but was drastically reduced to 82% in the absence of MWCNT. It was observed that the surface roughness of the membranes changed significantly by adding MWCNT. Moreover, membranes containing MWCNT fractions above 12.5 wt.% clearly improved degradation resistance against chlorine exposure, with an increase in water flux while maintaining salt rejection performance. Molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculations were performed in order to understand the high chemical stability of the MWCNT-PA nanocomposite membranes, and revealed that high activation energies are required for the chlorination of PA. The results presented here confirm the unique potential of carbon nanomaterials embedded in polymeric composite membranes for efficient RO water desalination technologies.
Applying Data-driven Imaging Biomarker in Mammography for Breast Cancer Screening: Preliminary Study
Authors: Kim Eun-Kyung , Kim Hyo-Eun , Han Kyunghwa , Kang Bong Joo , Sohn Yu-Mee , Woo Ok Hee , Lee Chan Wha 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe assessed the feasibility of a data-driven imaging biomarker based on weakly supervised learning (DIB; an imaging biomarker derived from large-scale medical image data with deep learning technology) in mammography (DIB-MG). A total of 29,107 digital mammograms from five institutions (4,339 cancer cases and 24,768 normal cases) were included. After matching patients’ age, breast density, and equipment, 1,238 and 1,238 cases were chosen as validation and test sets, respectively, and the remainder were used for training. The core algorithm of DIB-MG is a deep convolutional neural network; a deep learning algorithm specialized for images. Each sample (case) is an exam composed of 4-view images (RCC, RMLO, LCC, and LMLO). For each case in a training set, the cancer probability inferred from DIB-MG is compared with the per-case ground-truth label. Then the model parameters in DIB-MG are updated based on the error between the prediction and the ground-truth. At the operating point (threshold) of 0.5, sensitivity was 75.6% and 76.1% when specificity was 90.2% and 88.5%, and AUC was 0.903 and 0.906 for the validation and test sets, respectively. This research showed the potential of DIB-MG as a screening tool for breast cancer.
Involvement of orexin neurons in fasting- and central adenosine-induced hypothermia
Authors: Futatsuki Takahiro , Yamashita Akira , Ikbar Khairunnisa Novita , Yamanaka Akihiro , Arita Kazunori , Kakihana Yasuyuki , Kuwaki Tomoyuki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe examined whether orexin neurons might play a protective role against fasting- and adenosine-induced hypothermia. We first measured body temperature (BT) in orexin neuron-ablated (ORX-AB) mice and wild-type (WT) controls during 24 hours of fasting. As expected, the magnitude of BT drop and the length of time suffering from hypothermia were greater in ORX-AB mice than in WT mice. Orexin neurons were active just before onset of hypothermia and during the recovery period as revealed by calcium imaging in vivo using G-CaMP. We next examined adenosine-induced hypothermia via an intracerebroventricular administration of an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), which induced hypothermia in both ORX-AB and WT mice. The dose of CHA required to initiate a hypothermic response in ORX-AB mice was more than 10 times larger than the dose for WT mice. Once hypothermia was established, the recovery was seemingly slower in ORX-AB mice. Activation of orexin neurons during the recovery phase was confirmed by immunohistochemistry for c-Fos. We propose that orexin neurons play dual roles (enhancer in the induction phase and compensator during the recovery phase) in adenosine-induced hypothermia and a protective/compensatory role in fasting-induced hypothermia.
The Hormel Institute International Cancer Research Conference—2017 meeting report
Authors: Rai Tia , Bode Ann M. , Dong Zigang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDespite considerable advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to cancer and improved treatment outcomes for many cancers, the burden of cancer still remains a huge issue for society. Thus, cancer researchers from around the globe must pool their resources to improve cancer care and outcomes. The 2017 Hormel Institute International Cancer Research Conference, co-sponsored by the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, provided an opportunity for a diverse group of scientists to meet and discuss recent advances in cancer research and prevention. The 2-day conference, held in Austin, Minnesota, on June 19–20, 2017, was divided into nine scientifically driven sessions that focused broadly on fundamental cancer research, molecular mechanisms of tumor development, tumor stem cells, tumor therapeutic and preventive mechanisms, and achievements in tumor prevention and therapy.
Organotropism: new insights into molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Hoffmann Andrew D. , Liu Huiping , Liu Xia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMetastasis accounts for 90% of breast cancer mortality. Despite the significant progress made over the past decade in cancer medicine our understanding of metastasis remains limited, therefore preventing and targeting metastasis is not yet possible. Breast cancer cells preferentially metastasize to specific organs, known as “organotropic metastasis”, which is regulated by subtypes of breast cancer, host organ microenvironment, and cancer cells-organ interactions. The cross-talk between cancer cells and host organs facilitates the formation of the premetastatic niche and is augmented by factors released from cancer cells prior to the cancer cells’ arrival at the host organ. Moreover, host microenvironment and specific organ structure influence metastatic niche formation and interactions between cancer cells and local resident cells, regulating the survival of cancer cells and formation of metastatic lesions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of organotropic metastasis is essential for biomarker-based prediction and prognosis, development of innovative therapeutic strategy, and eventual improvement of patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer organotropic metastasis by focusing on tumor cell molecular alterations, stemness features, and cross-talk with the host environment. In addition, we also update some new progresses on our understanding about genetic and epigenetic alterations, exosomes, microRNAs, circulating tumor cells and immune response in breast cancer organotropic metastasis.
Enhancing SDO/HMI images using deep learning
Authors: Díaz Baso C. J. , Asensio Ramos A. 
Published: February 2018

Context.The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) provides continuum images and magnetograms with a cadence better than one per minute. It has been continuously observing the Sun 24 h a day for the past 7 yr. The trade-off between full disk observations and spatial resolution means that HMI is not adequate for analyzing the smallest-scale events in the solar atmosphere.Aims.Our aim is to develop a new method to enhance HMI data, simultaneously deconvolving and super-resolving images and magnetograms. The resulting images will mimic observations with a diffraction-limited telescope twice the diameter of HMI.Methods.Our method, which we callEnhance, is based on two deep, fully convolutional neural networks that input patches of HMI observations and output deconvolved and super-resolved data. The neural networks are trained on synthetic data obtained from simulations of the emergence of solar active regions.Results.We have obtained deconvolved and super-resolved HMI images. To solve this ill-defined problem with infinite solutions we have used a neural network approach to add prior information from the simulations. We testEnhanceagainst Hinode data that has been degraded to a 28 cm diameter telescope showing very good consistency. The code is open source.
HRI Malta 2017—Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy: HRI's Third International Research Conference in Malta
Authors: Mosley Angelina , Roberts E. , Partington Hazel , Gaertner Katharina , Fisher Peter , Rutten A. L. B. , Mathie Robert , Cartwright Steven , Fixsen Alison , Kokornaczyk Maria , Sokol Anezka , Tournier Alexander 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe third international conference on “Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy” organised by the Homeopathy Research Institute (HRI) was held on the inspiring and historic island of Malta from 9th to 11th of June, 2017. One hundred and two abstracts underwent peer review by the HRI Scientific Advisory Committee and external experts to produce the programme of 36 oral presentations and 37 posters, presented by researchers from 19 countries. The 2.5-day programme covered a diverse range of topics, including quantitative and qualitative clinical research, basic research, veterinary research, and provings. These intensive plenary and parallel sessions were interspersed with multiple opportunities for delegates to discuss and exchange ideas, in particular through interactive panel discussions and a pre-conference workshop. The continuing commitment of the homeopathy research community to generate high-quality studies in this rapidly evolving field was clear. In this conference report, we present highlights from this memorable event.
Antiquitin Deficiency with Adolescent Onset Epilepsy: Molecular Diagnosis in a Mother of Affected Offsprings
Authors: Srinivasaraghavan Rangan , Parameswaran Narayanan , Mathis Deborah , Bürer Celine , Plecko Barbara 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAntiquitin deficiency is the most prevalent form of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy. While most patients present with neonatal onset of therapy-resistant seizures, a few cases with late-onset during infancy have been described. Here, we describe the juvenile onset of epilepsy at the age of 17 years due to antiquitin deficiency in an Indian female with homozygosity for the most prevalent ALDH7A1 missense mutation, c.1279G > C; p.Glu427Gln in exon 14. The diagnosis was established along familial cosegregation analysis for an affected offspring, that had neonatal pyridoxine responsive seizures and had been found to be compound heterozygous for c.1279G > C; p.Glu427Gln in exon 14 and a nonsense mutation c.796C > T; p.Arg266* in exon 9. While seizures in the mother had been incompletely controlled by levetiracetam, she remained seizure-free on pyridoxine monotherapy, 200 mg/day. Her fourth pregnancy resulted in a female affected offspring, who was treated prospectively and never developed seizures with a normal outcome at age 2 years while on pyridoxine. This report illustrates that the phenotypic spectrum of antiquitin deficiency is still underestimated and that this treatable inborn error of metabolism has to be considered in case of therapy-resistant seizures even at older age. It furthermore supports prospective in utero treatment with pyridoxine in forthcoming pregnancies at risk.
Homeopathy in the Age of Antimicrobial Resistance: Is It a Viable Treatment for Upper Respiratory Tract Infections?
Authors: Fixsen Alison 
Published: February 2018

Background Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and their complications are the most frequent cause of antibiotic prescribing in primary care. With multi-resistant organisms proliferating, appropriate alternative treatments to these conditions are urgently required. Homeopathy presents one solution; however, there are many methods of homeopathic prescribing. This review of the literature considers firstly whether homeopathy offers a viable alternative therapeutic solution for acute URTIs and their complications, and secondly how such homeopathic intervention might take place.
Method Critical review of post 1994 clinical studies featuring homeopathic treatment of acute URTIs and their complications. Study design, treatment intervention, cohort group, measurement and outcome were considered. Discussion focused on the extent to which homeopathy is used to treat URTIs, rate of improvement and tolerability of the treatment, complications of URTIs, prophylactic and long-term effects, and the use of combination versus single homeopathic remedies.
Results Multiple peer-reviewed studies were found in which homeopathy had been used to treat URTIs and associated symptoms (cough, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, acute sinusitis, etc.). Nine randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 8 observational/cohort studies were analysed, 7 of which were paediatric studies. Seven RCTs used combination remedies with multiple constituents. Results for homeopathy treatment were positive overall, with faster resolution, reduced use of antibiotics and possible prophylactic and longer-term benefits.
Conclusions Variations in size, location, cohort and outcome measures make comparisons and generalisations concerning homeopathic clinical trials for URTIs problematic. Nevertheless, study findings suggest at least equivalence between homeopathy and conventional treatment for uncomplicated URTI cases, with fewer adverse events and potentially broader therapeutic outcomes. The use of non-individualised homeopathic compounds tailored for the paediatric population merits further investigation, including through cohort studies. In the light of antimicrobial resistance, homeopathy offers alternative strategies for minor infections and possible prevention of recurring URTIs.
Acute Portal Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Thornburg Bartley 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAcute portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is characterized by thrombus formation within the portal vein or its branches. This thrombus formation leads to a nonspecific clinical presentation, which emphasizes the need for imaging to establish the diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis is vital, because if left untreated, acute PVT can lead to bowel infarction or the clinical sequelae of portal hypertension. Currently, guidelines recommend anticoagulation as first line therapy for patients with acute PVT with endovascular management reserved for those who fail anticoagulation or present with signs of bowel ischemia. However, many patients treated with anticoagulation will develop portal vein cavernoma and long term sequalea of portal hypertension, which suggests the need for earlier endovascular intervention in select patients. This article will discuss the risk factors for development of acute PVT, the clinical presentation and diagnosis of the disease, and the pharmacologic, endovascular, and surgical therapy options.
Aktueller Status der Therapie und Prophylaxe des Oropharynxkarzinoms
Authors: Dietz Andreas , Pirlich Markus , Wiegand Susanne 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Inzidenz von Oropharynxkarzinomen nimmt weltweit signifikant zu. Aufgrund ihres Zusammenhangs mit
chronischem Tabak-/Alkoholkonsum, zunehmend aber auch mit dem humanen Papillomavirus HPV-16, sind die
Oropharynxkarzinome eine genetisch heterogene Tumorgruppe mit hoher prognostischer Diversifikation. Dieser
Beitrag versucht auf Basis der aktuellen Evidenzlage Empfehlungen zu Therapie, Prophylaxe und Früherkennung
darzulegen.
5-Azacytidine prevents relapse and produces long-term complete remissions in leukemia xenografts treated with Moxetumomab pasudotox
Authors: Müller Fabian , Cunningham Tyler , Stookey Stephanie , Tai Chin-Hsien , Burkett Sandra , Jailwala Parthav , Stetler Stevenson Maryalice , Cam Margaret C. , Wayne Alan S. , Pastan Ira 
Published: February 2018

SignificanceMoxetumomab pasudotox is a fusion protein of an anti-CD22 Fv andPseudomonasexotoxin. It is highly active against leukemia in vitro but acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients often are resistant. Studies with cultured cells showed resistance is caused by reduced diphthamide, the intracellular target ofPseudomonasexotoxin, but diphthamide is not reduced in most cells from most ALL patients. To study how resistance develops in animals, we injected ALL cells into mice and found that resistant cells occur in discrete bone marrow niches and contain major chromosomal and transcriptional changes. Mice pretreated with 5-azacytidine show greatly improved responses, supporting a trial of the combination in leukemia patients.
Wooden tools and fire technology in the early Neanderthal site of Poggetti Vecchi (Italy)
Authors: Aranguren Biancamaria , Revedin Anna , Amico Nicola , Cavulli Fabio , Giachi Gianna , Grimaldi Stefano , Macchioni Nicola , Santaniello Fabio 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Wood is a widely available and versatile material, which has admittedly played a fundamental role in all human history. Wood, however, is most vulnerable to decomposition. Hence, its use is very rarely documented during prehistory. The present study yields new insights into the cognitive abilities of the early Neanderthals in wooden tool production and pyrotechnology. The early Neanderthals from the late Middle Pleistocene site of Poggetti Vecchi (central Italy) were able to choose the appropriate timber and to process it with fire to produce tools. The artifacts recall the so-called “digging sticks,” multipurpose tools used by all hunter-gatherer societies.
Double abdomen in a short-germ insect: Zygotic control of axis formation revealed in the beetleTribolium castaneum
Authors: Ansari Salim , Troelenberg Nicole , Dao Van Anh , Richter Tobias , Bucher Gregor , Klingler Martin 
Published: February 2018

SignificanceOne of the first crucial steps of animal development is to distinguish the anterior versus the posterior pole of the embryo, i.e., the AP axis. If this process fails, embryos may develop two mirror image tails or heads. In the flyDrosophila, the mother provides the signals required for AP axis formation, while in vertebrates, gene activity of the embryo is required as well. We identified two genes whose knockdown leads to double-tail phenotypes in the beetleTribolium, representing the insect-typical short-germ embryogenesis. Intriguingly, embryo polarity depends on zygotic gene activities and Wnt signaling. Hence, short-germ insect axis formation is more similar to vertebrates than the mechanism employed byDrosophila.
Accelerated wound healing in mice by on-site production and delivery of CXCL12 by transformed lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Vågesjö Evelina , Öhnstedt Emelie , Mortier Anneleen , Lofton Hava , Huss Fredrik , Proost Paul , Roos Stefan , Phillipson Mia 
Published: February 2018

SignificanceChronic wounds comprise a growing clinical problem that represents >3% of the health care budget in industrialized countries. Drug development is hampered by the proteolytic nature of the wounds, which greatly limits drug bioavailability. Here, we present a technology that circumvents this by on-site production and reduced chemokine degradation. Lactobacilli bacteria were transformed into CXCL12-producing vectors to bioengineer the wound microenvironment after topical application. Consequently, the immune cells driving the healing process were reinforced, which greatly accelerated wound closure in healthy mice, in mouse models of hyperglycemia and peripheral ischemia, and in a wound model using human skin disks. Initial safety studies demonstrated that neither bacteria nor the chemokine produced was detected in systemic circulation following application to open wounds.
Biologically functional molecules from mushroom-forming fungi*
Authors: Choi Jae-Hoon 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Fungi including mushrooms have been proved to be an important biosource of numerous metabolites having a huge variety of chemical structures and diverse bioactivities. Metabolites of mushrooms are of remarkable importance as new lead compounds for medicine and agrochemicals. This review presents some of our studies on biologically functional molecules purified from mushroom-forming fungi; (1) endoplasmic reticulum stress suppressor, (2) osteoclast-forming suppressing compounds, (3) plant growth regulators.
Symbolism of Three Political Powers in Arok-Dedes by Pramoedya Ananta Toer
Authors: Purwantini  , Kusumayanti D D , Sudaryani R R S 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This research entitiled “Symbolism of three political powers in arok-dedes by Pramoedya Ananta Toer is aimed at finding the actor behind the act of taking over the reign. The three political powers fighting to take over the reign are military (Arok) collaborating with the dominating party Golongan Karya (Brahmana) to face the Old Order and the Indonesia Communist Party (Tunggul Ametung supported by King of Kediri). This research employs semiotic theory which results to the criticism to the Old and the New Orders. The smart and resourcefull Arok is a threat to his opponent and ally is the symbol of the authority of the New Order Soeharto, while Tunggul Ametung is the symbol of the Old Order Soekarno. The New Order rezim collaborates with Golongan Karya and the authority of the Old Order Lama collaborates with the Indonesia Communist Party which is anti to Islam. The political battle won by the military force supported by Golongan Karya directs Soeharto to his presidency as the second Indonesia President.
GCPred: a web tool for guanylyl cyclase functional centre prediction from amino acid sequence
Authors: Xu Nuo , Fu Dongfang , Li Shiang , Wang Yuxuan , Wong Aloysius 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Summary
GCPred is a webserver for the prediction of guanylyl cyclase (GC) functional centres from amino acid sequence. GCs are enzymes that generate the signalling molecule cyclic guanosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate from guanosine-5’-triphosphate. A novel class of GC centres (GCCs) has been identified in complex plant proteins. Using currently available experimental data, GCPred is created to automate and facilitate the identification of similar GCCs. The server features GCC values that consider in its calculation, the physicochemical properties of amino acids constituting the GCC and the conserved amino acids within the centre. From user input amino acid sequence, the server returns a table of GCC values and graphs depicting deviations from mean values. The utility of this server is demonstrated using plant proteins and the human interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase family of proteins as example.

Availability and implementation
The GCPred server is available at http://gcpred.com.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Relativistic centrifugal instability
Authors: Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N , Komissarov Serguei S 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Near the central engine, many astrophysical jets are expected to rotate about their axis. Further out they are expected to go through the processes of reconfinement and recollimation. In both these cases, the flow streams along a concave surface and hence, it is subject to the centrifugal force. It is well known that such flows may experience the centrifugal instability (CFI), to which there are many laboratory examples. The recent computer simulations of relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei undergoing the process of reconfinement show that in such jets CFI may dominate over the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability associated with velocity shear (Gourgouliatos & Komissarov). In this letter, we generalize the Rayleigh criterion for CFI in rotating fluids to relativistic flows using a heuristic analysis. We also present the results of computer simulations which support our analytic criterion for the case of an interface separating two uniformly rotating cylindrical flows. We discuss the difference between CFI and the Rayleigh–Taylor instability in flows with curved streamlines.