bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Rare Case of Monocular Visual Loss after Spinal Surgery in Prone Position with Adequate Eye Protection
Authors: Babu Naresh , Kohli Piyush , Palaniappan Suresh , Krishnamurthi Ilango , Ramasamy Kim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of this case report is to present a rare case of monocular visual loss after spinal surgery in prone position with adequate eye protection. A 38-year-old healthy woman underwent an uncomplicated cervical surgery in prone position, while her head was supported on a foam cushion horseshoe headrest. Immediately after recovery, the patient complained of loss of vision in her left eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity was perception of light. Ocular examination was suggestive of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Blood investigations, carotid Doppler, echography, and computed tomography scan were normal. The incidence of CRAO has decreased in the past decade due to the use of appropriate head rest. In addition to following the guidelines laid by the Perioperative Visual Loss (POVL) Task Force of American Society of Anesthesiologists, attention must be paid to avoid any accidental intraoperative movement of the patient. Checking the eyes intermittently is not a foolproof method for preventing compression. New headrests need to be designed, which will allow continuous monitoring of the patient lying in prone position.
Dural Plasmacytoma Involving Calvarium with Soft Tissue Extension Mimicking Meningioma: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Chhabra Devendra Kumar , Pandey Tarun Kumar , Singh Prashant Raj , Shukla Anju 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHere, the authors describe a case of 25-year-old man diagnosed with dural plasmacytoma involving calvarium with soft tissue extension. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed extra-axial heterogeneously enhancing soft tissue mass lesion in the left parieto-occipital region with a dural tail mimicking meningioma, destroying the left parietal bone, and bulging into the scalp. Mass was excised and histopathologic examination revealed plasmacytoma with amyloid deposition. There is no recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy and 2 years of follow-up, although the future course is still not certain. The clinician should consider alternative diagnosis other than meningioma prior to proceeding to surgery if the dural-based lesion is involving calvarium and soft tissue extension.
Correlation between Ankle Brachial Index with Coronary Artery Disease and Gender
Authors: Yerra Suresh , Kumar Shravan , Garre Indrani , Kumar Achukatla 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background Ankle brachial index (ABI) has been shown to be a specific and sensitive for the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Both PAD and coronary artery disease (CAD) are caused by atherosclerosis, which is a narrowing of the arteries due to the build-up of plaque and fatty material inside the lumen. The aim of our study is to find out the relation between ABI and coronary angiographic findings with cardiovascular risk factors and gender in patients admitted in a tertiary care center with a provisional diagnosis of CAD.
Methods It is a cross-sectional observational study, in which patients admitted with suspected CAD are included. In this study, patient characteristics such as demographics, family history, past history of CAD, and other comorbidities were included, and also the risk factors for atherosclerosis such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking history were enquired by using a predetermined proforma. In all study patients, ABI was measured prior to coronary artery angiogram (CAG). ABI ≤ 0.9 was considered as PAD, and ABI between 0.9 and 1.4 was considered as normal. Then, all patients included in the study underwent CAG. The results of the ABI reports were compared with the angiographic findings and atherosclerotic risk factors.
Results In this study, 90 patients were included who were admitted for CAG. Twenty-two patients have ABI ≤ 1.09 among them, 9 patients have no CAD, and 13 patients have CAD on CAG. Sixty-eight patients have ABI ≥ 1.10, with 28 patients having no CAD and 40 patients having CAD. There is difference in the right and left mean ABI with right ABI less than left ABI, and it is statistically significant (p = 0.014). By binary logistic regression, the determinants of CAD are left ventricle ejection fraction (EF) and age, and ABI was not a predictor. In our study, out of 90 patients, only 1 had ABI < 0.9 (1.1%). Therefore, it is not worth doing ABI in all patients undergoing CAG to rule out peripheral vascular disease (PVD). This is true in male and female patients and even in the diabetics. In comparing male and female ABI, there is no significance between ABI in both the sexes.
Conclusion This study findings concluded that ABI is not a useful method in assessing the risk factors and the severity of CAD in suspected patients. Only left ventricle EF and age were the predictors of the presence of CAD, and ABI was not a predictor. This study have shown the difference in the right and left mean ABI with right ABI less than left ABI, which is an important finding. This study has also shown the similar prevalence of ABI in both sexes. However, to make more accurate results on ABI (right vs. left), we should plan studies with larger sample size in future.
Role of Platelets in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis: An Observational Study
Authors: Chetti Shravan , Kalivela Santhimayee , Yerra Suresh , Garre Indrani , Kumar Achukatla 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background As previous studies demonstrated, the mean platelet volume (MPV) is one of the determinant factors for the development of left atrial appendage (LAA) clot. The authors wanted to see other parameters such as platelet distribution width (PDW) along with MPV in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease (CHRD) in whom transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was done.
Methods Total 50 consecutive CRHD patients with predominantly mitral stenosis (MS) came for cardiac outpatient department (OPD) for balloon valvuloplasty and were enrolled. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and TEE were performed for each patient. Laboratory investigations included all biochemical parameters. In addition MPV and PDW were noted.
Results Most of the 50 patients enrolled in this study were middle-aged women (n = 37), with mean age of 40.18 ± 9.50 years. Patients were divided into two groups: with left atrial (LA) clot (n = 24, group 1) and without LA clot (n = 26, group 2). Out of them, male population with severe MS was more prone for LA clot formation (p = 0.031). When comparing severity of MS with electrocardiographic (ECG) rhythm (normal vs. atrial fibrillation), no statistically significant difference was observed with clot formation (p = −0.44). In this study, presence of clot is more when the patient has larger-size platelets, that is, higher MPV, which is statistically significant (9.823 ± 0.759 vs. 10.996 ± 0.534; p = 0.000). Severe MS is associated with high normal PDW whether the clot is present or not but statistically not significant (p = −0.926).
Conclusion Severity of MS in CRHD patients is an independent determinant of LA clot formation irrespective of rhythm abnormalities and higher MPV value. Male patients with severe MS are more prone to LA clot formation.
Complications Following Surgical Correction of Medial Patellar Luxation in Small-to-Medium-Size Dogs
Authors: Rossanese Matteo , German Alexander J. , Comerford Eithne , Pettitt Rob , Tomlinson Andrew , de Vicente Felipe 
Published: March 2019

Objective The main aim of this study was to describe complications in dogs weighing < 20 kg treated for medial patellar luxation and to determine risk factors associated with these complications.
Materials and Methods Medical records were reviewed and cases were grouped based on four techniques of stabilization for the tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT). Variables including animal signalment, clinical presentation, TTT technique, other concurrent surgical techniques and associated complications were investigated. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the association of the same variables with specific complications such as tibial tuberosity fractures or avulsions, patellar reluxation and implant-related complications.
Results Of the 100 procedures performed, 37 suffered a complication. There were no significant differences in the overall complication rate between TTT stabilization techniques. Preservation of the tibial tuberosity distal cortical attachment was associated with a reduced risk of implant-related complications, whereas adding a medial release to the surgical techniques was associated with an increased risk of medial patellar reluxation. The type of trochleoplasty performed did not affect the complication rate.
Conclusions In the current study, a high rate of complications was found in dogs < 20 kg undergoing medial patellar luxation surgery. Performing a medial release and preserving the distal cortical attachment of the tibial tuberosity were the only variables associated respectively with an increase and a reduction in the risk of postsurgical complications.
Are Readmissions After Total Knee Arthroplasty Preventable?
Authors: Su Charles A. , Copp Jonathan A. , Weinberg Douglas S. , Kraay Matthew J. , Fitzgerald Steven J. , Wera Glenn D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReadmission within 90 days following total joint arthroplasty has become a central quality measure of reimbursement initiatives; however, the validity of readmission rates as a measure of hospital care quality and the proportion of readmissions that are preventable are unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine if readmissions within 30 and 90 days after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were related to orthopaedic or medical etiology and identify if these readmissions were preventable. We retrospectively reviewed 1,625 elective TKAs performed between 2011 and 2014 at our institution. Readmissions within 30 and 90 days were categorized into orthopaedic and medical etiologies and an expert research panel determined if readmissions were potentially preventable based on objective criteria from national or peer-reviewed consensus guidelines. Out of the 1,625 TKAs performed during the study period, there were a total of 79 (4.8%) readmissions within 90 days of surgery, of which 17 (22%) were of orthopaedic etiology and 62 (78%) were of medical etiology. Fifty-two (66%) of the 79 readmissions occurred within 30 days, with 11 (21%) of orthopaedic and 41 (80%) of medical etiology. Only 2 of 79 (3%) readmissions within 90 days were deemed potentially preventable, and neither of them were orthopaedic in nature. Hospital readmissions after total joint arthroplasty are inevitable; however, only a small percentage (3%) of readmissions to our health care system was potentially preventable. Orthopaedic readmissions constituted a minority of the proportion of readmissions at 30 or 90 days, and none were deemed preventable.
Inpatient versus Outpatient Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Edwards Paul K. , Milles Jeffrey L. , Stambough Jeffrey B. , Barnes C. Lowry , Mears Simon C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe rise of improved perioperative recovery protocols after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has led to faster, more streamlined hospital stays for many patients. Combined with the implementation of value-based care and bundled payment initiatives, there has been a paradigm shift toward outpatient TKA surgery. This change to practice has been accelerated by recent policy changes enacted by the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services regarding the removal of TKA as an inpatient only procedure as well as some insurance companies denying preauthorization for inpatient stays after TKA. Our review aims to address the inclusion and exclusion criteria for outpatient TKA consideration, examine the outcomes for outpatient joint replacement surgery, and discuss limitations of widespread adoption for same-day discharges.
Can We Prevent Stillbirth?
Authors: Fouks Yuval , Tschernichovsky Roi , Greenberg Ariel , Bak Stella , Sinai Noa Brzezinski , Shinar Shiri 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify the frequency of potentially preventable causes of stillbirth in a large heterogeneous population.
Study Design This is a retrospective study of all stillbirth cases between January 2011 and December 2016 at a single tertiary medical center. Deliveries resulting from a nonviable fetus prior to 24 weeks of gestation, intrapartum fetal death, and incomplete stillbirth workup were excluded. Potentially preventable stillbirth was defined as that of a nonanomalous fetus that most likely resulted from one or more of the following: (1) placental-mediated complications, (2) postterm pregnancy, (3) monochorionicity-associated complications, (4) cholestasis of pregnancy, (5) preventable or treatable infections, and (6) isoimmunization.
Results During the study period, 312 stillbirths were identified, 228 of which met the inclusion criteria. Of the 110 cases with a recognized cause, 47 (20.6%) were potentially preventable. The most common causes were placental-mediated complications and preventable or treatable infections, accounting for 75 and 9% of all potentially preventable causes, respectively. There were no recognizable maternal risk factors for potentially preventable stillbirth.
Conclusion One-fifth of all causes of stillbirth are potentially preventable. Due to the significant contribution of placental-mediated complications to preventable stillbirth, close sonographic surveillance and timely delivery may decrease risk substantially.
Ultrastructural organization of NompC in the mechanoreceptive organelle of
Drosophila
campaniform mechanoreceptors
Authors: Sun Landi , Gao Yuan , He Jianfeng , Cui Lihong , Meissner Jana , Verbavatz Jean-Marc , Li Bo , Feng Xiqiao , Liang Xin 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Mechanosensory cells convert environmental mechanical stimuli into intracellular signals. This process, termed mechanotransduction, occurs in specialized mechanoreceptive organelles. Using electron tomography we discovered that the mechanoreceptive organelle in fly campaniform mechanoreceptors contains thousands of force-sensitive ion channels that are arranged in a regular pattern, aligned to the intracellular microtubule cytoskeleton. A mechanical model suggests that the pattern is structurally and functionally optimized, because more force-sensitive channels are located at regions that are subject to larger activating forces. We propose that such a pattern enhances the sensitivity and broadens the dynamic range of mechanosensation in this type of mechanoreceptor.
A spatially dynamic network underlies the generation of inspiratory behaviors
Authors: Baertsch Nathan A. , Severs Liza J. , Anderson Tatiana M. , Ramirez Jan-Marino 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Breathing is a vital rhythmic behavior that originates from neural networks within the brainstem. It is hypothesized that the breathing rhythm is generated by spatially distinct networks localized to discrete kernels or compartments. Here, we provide evidence that the functional boundaries of these compartments expand and contract dynamically based on behavioral or physiological demands. The ability of these rhythmic networks to change in size may allow the breathing rhythm to be very reliable, yet flexible enough to accommodate the large repertoire of mammalian behaviors that must be integrated with breathing.
From linguistic innovation to language change
Authors: Viola Lorella 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the diachrony of the Italian expressionnon c’è problema‘no problem’ when used as a response marker (e.g.,Tottie 1991;Ward 2006) to establish if it represents a case of language change (Milroy, 1992: 171). If on the one hand, the expression was indeed reported to be a neologism by Radtke in1990, a careful exploration of the relevant literature on the other has revealed that a diachronic, quantitative and pragmatic investigation of its distribution has not been conducted yet. Methodologically, the study conducts lexicographic, quantitative and qualitative analyses over a range of historical and contemporary dictionaries and corpora and it performs statistical significance tests, such as the Log Likelihood and the Fisher’s exact test. The results will reveal not only that this marker started to be used in 1977, but also that today, it is the response marker preferred by language users, thus qualifying as a case of language change. Furthermore, by analysing the diachronic distribution ofno problemin English, the article will also explore the possibility that English may have been the source language for such change.
In-use product and steel stocks sustaining the urbanization of Xiamen, China
Authors: Song Lulu , Zhang Chao , Han Ji , Chen Wei-Qiang 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In-use product and material stocks are the amount of concerned manufactured products and materials in active use, and are essential components of urban ecosystem.

Methods:
This study estimates the dynamic in-use stocks of steel-containing products and steel in the city of Xiamen, China, during 1980–2015 by applying a bottom-up accounting approach. We incorporate 55 categories of steel-containing products that are classified into five end-use sectors (i.e., buildings, infrastructure, transportation equipment, machinery, and domestic appliances). Outcomes and Discussion: In-use stocks of 51% of the studied products kept increasing during 1980–2015, especially after 2000. Steel stocks have grown up to 4.9 ± 1.4 tons per capita (t/cap) in 2015, from 0.5 ± 0.2 t/cap in 1980. Buildings are the largest reservoirs, although its share decreased from 89% in 1980 to 68% in 2015. The dynamic spatial distribution indicates that steel stocks gradually expanded from urban core to suburban areas.

Conclusion:
Theresults help to explore how a city’s urbanization is sustained by the in-use stocks growth. In-use steel stocks, of which the growth is highly correlated to and probably driven by the population growth, GDP increase, and urban built-up area expansion, may serve as a supplementary indicator for urbanization.
Spectral functions of Sr2IrO4: theory versus experiment
Authors: Lenz B , Martins C , Biermann S 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The spin–orbit Mott insulator Sr2IrO4 has attracted a lot of interest in recent years from theory and experiment due to its close connection to isostructural high-temperature copper oxide superconductors. Despite not being superconductive, its spectral features closely resemble those of the cuprates, including Fermi surface and pseudogap properties. In this article, we review and extend recent work in the theoretical description of the spectral function of pure and electron-doped Sr2IrO4 based on a cluster extension of dynamical mean-field theory (‘oriented-cluster DMFT’) and compare it to available angle-resolved photoemission data. Current theories provide surprisingly good agreement for pure and electron-doped Sr2IrO4, both in the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases. Most notably, one obtains simple explanations for the experimentally observed steep feature around the M point and the pseudo-gap-like spectral feature in electron-doped Sr2IrO4.
High Home Blood Pressure Variability Associates With Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response to Cold Stress
Authors: Hintsala Heidi E , Kiviniemi Antti M , Antikainen Riitta , Mäntysaari Matti , Jokelainen Jari , Hassi Juhani , Tulppo Mikko P , Herzig Karl-Heinz , Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Rintamäki Hannu , Jaakkola Jouni J K , Ikäheimo Tiina M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Exaggerated sympathetic cardiovascular (CV) reactivity to stress associates with elevated risk for clinical and preclinical end points of CV disease. It would be useful to identify these individuals, preferably from feasible measurements commonly used in health care. Our study examined the association between home blood pressure (BP) variability and cardiac workload response to whole-body cold exposure.

METHODS
Seventy-five men (55–65 years, 46 hypertensive) measured BP at home twice in the morning and evening for a week. We computed systolic home BP variability as SD of daily means and divided the subjects into groups demonstrating either high or low BP variability. They were exposed to whole-body cold exposure (−10 °C, wind 3 m/second, 15 minutes, winter clothes, standing). BP and heart rate were measured at 3-minute intervals during, and 15 minutes before and after the exposure. Rate-pressure product (RPP) was calculated to represent cardiac workload.

RESULTS
Subjects with high systolic home BP variability demonstrated a greater RPP increase in cold conditions compared to those with low BP variability [mean change from baseline (95% CI): 1,850 (1,450 to 2,250) bpm × mm Hg vs. 930 (610, 1,250) bpm × mm Hg, P &lt; 0.01]. This was related to the augmented systolic BP change [31(28, 35) mm Hg vs. 23(20, 26) mm Hg, P &lt; 0.01]. Home BP variability correlated with cold-related RPP (rS = 0.34, P = 0.003) and systolic BP (rS = 0.38, P &lt; 0.001) responses.

CONCLUSIONS
Moderate whole-body cold exposure increased BP and cardiac workload more among those with higher systolic home BP variability, independently of home BP level. Elevated home BP variability may indicate augmented sympathetically mediated vascular reactivity for environmental stressors.

PUBLIC TRIALS REGISTRY NUMBER
Trial Number NCT02007031.
Morbidity in a Longitudinal Cohort of Children Residing in Villages Randomized to Biannual Treatment With Azithromycin Versus Placebo
Authors: West Sheila K , Bloch Evan , Weaver Jerusha , Munoz Beatriz , Mrango Zakayo , Kasubi Mabula , Lietman Thomas , Coles Christian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The mechanisms underlying the finding of reduced child mortality in communities with biannual treatment with azithromycin remain unclear. We determined if there was a difference in morbidity in a cohort of children aged 1–36 months, residing in communities randomized to biannual treatment of preschool-aged children with azithromycin or placebo.

Methods
Thirty villages in Kilosa, Tanzania, were randomly assigned to receive biannual treatment of all children aged 1–59 months with either azithromycin (20/mg/kg single dose) or placebo. Children who were aged 1–36 months and participated in the baseline survey were enrolled in this cohort study and followed prospectively for 2 years. Children were monitored every 6 months for signs and symptoms of diarrheal disease, acute respiratory illness, and anemia. Mixed-effects models that include age, time, treatment arm, and the interaction of treatment arm and time as independent predictors were used to evaluate differences between children by treatment assignment over time.

Results
There was no difference in rates of diarrhea, fever, or anemia by treatment arm at baseline and at all phases of follow-up. The decline over time in reported cough was statistically significant in the children residing in the azithromycin communities, but not in the placebo communities. Once adjusting for clustering and age, the difference in decline between the 2 treatment arms was not significant (P = .09).

Conclusions
A beneficial effect of azithromycin treatment on morbidity outcomes was not evident at biannual surveys.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02048007.