bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Transient Opioid Use and Short-Term Respiratory Exacerbation Among Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Rong Yiran , Bentley John P , McGwin Gerald , Yang Yi , Banahan Benjamin F , Noble Sara L , Kirby Terri , Ramachandran Sujith 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The association of historical opioid use with health care use and death among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been tested. Using Mississippi Medicaid data, we examined the association of transient or short-term opioid use and acute respiratory exacerbations among adults with COPD. We used a case-crossover design and 2013–2017 Mississippi Medicaid administrative claims data. A total of 1,972 qualifying exacerbation events occurred in 1,354 beneficiaries. The frequency and dose of opioid exposure in the 7 days before the exacerbation were examined and compared with the opioid exposure in 10 control windows, each 7 days long, before the exacerbation. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using conditional logistic regression models to estimate the risk of opioid use on exacerbations after accounting for use of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, and β-blockers. Overall, opioid exposure in the 7 days before an exacerbation was significantly associated with acute respiratory exacerbation (odds ratio = 1.81; 95% confidence interval: 1.60, 2.05). Each 25-mg increase in morphine equivalent daily dose was associated with an 11.2% increase in the odds of an acute respiratory exacerbation (odds ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.20). Transient use of opioids was significantly associated with acute respiratory exacerbation of COPD.
Nr5a1b promotes and Nr5a2 inhibits transcription of lhb in the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides†
Authors: Shi Boyang , Lu Huijie , Zhang Lihong , Zhang Weimin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nr5a1 (Sf-1) up-regulates lhb expression across vertebrates; however, its regulatory roles on fshb remain to be defined. Moreover, the involvement of Nr5a2 in the regulation of gonadotropin expression is not clear either. In the present study, the involvement of Nr5a1b (a homologue of Nr5a1) and Nr5a2 in the regulation of lhb and fshb expression in the orange-spotted grouper was examined. Dual fluorescent immunohistochemistry using homologous antisera showed that in the pituitary of orange-spotted groupers, Lh cells contain both immunoreactive Nr5a1b and Nr5a2 signals, whereas Fsh cells contain neither of them. In LβT2 cells, Nr5a1b up-regulated basal activities of lhb and fshb promoters possibly via Nr5a sites, and synergistically (on lhb promoter) or additively (on fshb promoter) with forskolin. Surprisingly, Nr5a2 inhibited basal activities of lhb promoter possibly via Nr5a sites and attenuated the stimulatory effects of both forskolin and Nr5a1b. In contrast, Nr5a2 had no effects on fshb promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that both Nr5a1b and Nr5a2 bound to lhb promoter, but not fshb promoter in the pituitary of the orange-spotted grouper. The abundance of Nr5a1b bound to lhb promoter was significantly higher at the vitellogenic stage than the pre-vitellogenic stage, whereas that of Nr5a2 exhibited an opposite trend. Taken together, data of the present study demonstrated antagonistic effects of Nr5a1b and Nr5a2 on lhb transcription in the orange-spotted grouper and revealed novel regulatory mechanisms of differential expression of lhb and fshb genes through Nr5a homologues in vertebrates.
Endogenous retrovirus-encoded Syncytin-2 contributes to exosome-mediated immunosuppression of T cells†
Authors: Lokossou Adjimon G , Toudic Caroline , Nguyen Phuong Trang , Elisseeff Xavier , Vargas Amandine , Rassart Éric , Lafond Julie , Leduc Line , Bourgault Steve , Gilbert Caroline , Scorza Tatiana , Tolosa Jorge , Barbeau Benoit 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Modulation of the activation status of immune cell populations during pregnancy depends on placental villous cytotrophoblast (VCT) cells and the syncytiotrophoblast (STB). Failure in the establishment of this immunoregulatory function leads to pregnancy complications. Our laboratory has been studying Syncytin-2 (Syn-2), an endogenous retroviral protein expressed in placenta and on the surface of placental exosomes. This protein plays an important role not only in STB formation through its fusogenic properties, but also through its immunosuppressive domain (ISD). Considering that Syn-2 expression is importantly reduced in preeclamptic placentas, we were interested in addressing its possible immunoregulatory effects on T cells. Activated Jurkat T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with monomeric or dimerized version of a control or a Syn-2 ISD peptide. Change in phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 MAP kinases was selectively noted in Jurkat cells treated with the dimerized ISD peptide. Upon incubation with the dimerized Syn-2 ISD peptide, significant reduction in Th1 cytokine production was further demonstrated by ELISA and Human Th1/Th2 Panel Multi-Analyte Flow Assay. To determine if exosome-associated Syn-2 could also be immunosuppressive placental exosomes were incubated with activated Jurkat and PBMCs. Quantification of Th1 cytokines in the supernatants revealed severe reduction in T cell activation. Interestingly, exosomes from Syn-2-silenced VCT incubated with PBMCs were less suppressive when compared with exosome derived from VCT transfected with control small interfering RNA (siRNA). Our results suggest that Syn-2 is an important immune regulator both locally and systemically, via its association with placental exosomes.
Effect of maternal betamethasone administration on feto-placental vascular resistance in the mouse†
Authors: Cahill Lindsay S , Whitehead Clare L , Hobson Sebastian R , Stortz Greg , Kingdom John C , Baschat Ahmet , Murphy Kellie E , Serghides Lena , Macgowan Christopher K , Sled John G 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAntenatal corticosteroids are often administered to women at risk of preterm birth to accelerate fetal lung development; however, there is evidence that this treatment may adversely affect placental function in some fetuses. Our group has recently demonstrated that wave reflections in the umbilical artery (UA), measured using high-frequency ultrasound, are sensitive to placental vascular abnormalities. In the present study, we used this approach to investigate the effect of maternal administration of betamethasone, a clinically relevant corticosteroid, on the feto-placental vasculature of the mouse. Fetuses were assessed at embryonic day (E)15.5 and E17.5 in C57BL6/J mice. At both gestational ages, the UA diameter, UA blood flow, and the wave reflection coefficient were significantly elevated in the betamethasone-treated mice compared to vehicle-treated controls. These observations support the interpretation that placental vascular resistance dropped with betamethasone treatment to an extent that could not be explained by vasodilation of the UA alone. Consistent with clinical studies, the effect of betamethasone on UA end-diastolic velocity was heterogeneous. Our results suggest that UA wave reflections are more sensitive to acute changes in placental vascular resistance compared with the UA pulsatility index, and this technique may have clinical application to identify a favorable placental vascular response to fetal therapies such as antenatal corticosteroids, where the fetal heart rate is likely to vary.
Polymethacryloyl-L-Phenylalanine [PMAPA]-Based Monolithic Column for Capillary Electrochromatography
Authors: Derazshamshir Ali , Aşır Süleyman , Göktürk Ilgım , Ektirici Sisem , Yılmaz Fatma , Denizli Adil 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The ability to detect catecholamines (CAs) and their metabolites is vital to understand the mechanism behind the neuronal diseases. Neurochemistry aims to provide an improved pharmacological, molecular and physiological understanding of complex brain chemistries by analytical techniques. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is one such analytical technique that enables the study of various chemical species ranging from amino acids and peptides to natural products and drugs. CE can easily adapt the changes in research focus and in recent years remains an applicable technique for investigating neuroscience and single cell neurobiology. The prepared phenylalanine-based hydrophobic monolithic column, Polymethacryloyl-L-phenylalanine [PMAPA], was used as a stationary phase in capillary electrochromatography to separate CAs that are similar in size and shape to each other including dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) via hydrophobic interactions. Separation carried out in a short period of 17 min was performed with the electrophoretic mobility of 5.54 × 10−6 m2 V−1 s−1 and 7.60 × 10−6 m2 V−1 s−1 for DA and NE, respectively, at pH 7.0, 65% acetonitrile ratio with 100 mbar applied pressure by the developed hydrophobic monolithic column without needing any extra process such as imprinting or spacer arms to immobilize ligands used in separation.
Potential of Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling for Attributing Specific Causes of Childhood Deaths in South Africa: A Pilot, Epidemiological Study
Authors: Chawana Richard , Baillie Vicky , Izu Alane , Solomon Fatima , Bassat Quique , Blau Dianna M , Breiman Robert F , Hale Martin , Houpt Eric R , Lala Sanjay G , Martines Roosecelis B , Mathunjwa Azwifarwi , Nzenze Susan , Pathirana Jayani , Petersen Karen L , Raghunathan Pratima L , Ritter Jana M , Wadula Jeannette , Zaki Sherif R , Madhi Shabir A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Current estimates for causes of childhood deaths are mainly premised on modeling of vital registration and limited verbal autopsy data and generally only characterize the underlying cause of death (CoD). We investigated the potential of minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) for ascertaining the underlying and immediate CoD in children 1 month to 14 years of age.

Methods
MITS included postmortem tissue biopsies of brain, liver, and lung for histopathology examination; microbial culture of blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), liver, and lung samples; and molecular microbial testing on blood, CSF, lung, and rectal swabs. Each case was individually adjudicated for underlying, antecedent, and immediate CoD by an international multidisciplinary team of medical experts and coded using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10).

Results
An underlying CoD was determined for 99% of 127 cases, leading causes being congenital malformations (18.9%), complications of prematurity (14.2%), human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS (12.6%), diarrheal disease (8.7%), acute respiratory infections (7.9%), injuries (7.9%), and malignancies (7.1%). The main immediate CoD was pneumonia, sepsis, and diarrhea in 33.9%, 19.7%, and 10.2% of cases, respectively. Infection-related deaths were either an underlying or immediate CoD in 78.0% of cases. Community-acquired pneumonia deaths (n = 32) were attributed to respiratory syncytial virus (21.9%), Pneumocystis jirovecii (18.8%), cytomegalovirus (15.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.6%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (12.5%). Seventy-one percent of 24 sepsis deaths were hospital-acquired, mainly due to Acinetobacter baumannii (47.1%) and K. pneumoniae (35.3%). Sixty-two percent of cases were malnourished.

Conclusions
MITS, coupled with antemortem clinical information, provides detailed insight into causes of childhood deaths that could be informative for prioritization of strategies aimed at reducing under-5 mortality.
Using Participatory Workshops to Assess Alignment or Tension in the Community for Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Prior to Start of Child Mortality Surveillance: Lessons From 5 Sites Across the CHAMPS Network
Authors: Blevins John , O’Mara Sage Elizabeth , Kone Ahoua , Maixenchs Maria , Raghunathan Pratima L , Guilaze Rui A , Cossa Saquina , Girma Zerihun , Zegeye Yosef , Ackley Caroline , Hussain Faruqe , Islam Saiful , Myburgh Nellie , Ngwenya Noni , Madhi Shabir A , Otieno Peter , Ochola Kennedy , Munguambe Khátia , Breiman Robert F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) program is a 7-country network (as of December 2018) established by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to identify the causes of death in children in communities with high rates of under-5 mortality. The program carries out both mortality and pregnancy surveillance, and mortality surveillance employs minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) to gather small samples of body fluids and tissue from the bodies of children who have died. While this method will lead to greater knowledge of the specific causes of childhood mortality, the procedure is in tension with cultural and religious norms in many of the countries where CHAMPS works—Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and South Africa. Participatory Inquiry Into Community Knowledge of Child Health and Mortality Prevention (PICK-CHAMP) is a community entry activity designed to introduce CHAMPS to communities and gather initial perspectives on alignments and tensions between CHAMPS activities and community perceptions and priorities. Participants’ responses revealed medium levels of overall alignment in all sites (with the exception of South Africa, where alignment was high) and medium levels of tension (with the exception of Ethiopia, where tension was high). Alignment was high and tension was low for pregnancy surveillance across all sites, whereas Ethiopia reflected low alignment and high tension for MITS. Participants across all sites indicated that support for MITS was possible only if the procedure did not interfere with burial practices and rituals.
Standardization of Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling Specimen Collection and Pathology Training for the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network
Authors: Rakislova Natalia , Fernandes Fabiola , Lovane Lucilia , Jamisse Luisa , Castillo Paola , Sanz Ariadna , Marimon Lorena , Jesri Susan , Ferrando Melania , Delgado Vima , Novela Obdeningo , Muiuane Venceslau , Ismail Mamudo R , Lorenzoni Cesaltina , Blau Dianna M , Bassat Quique , Menéndez Clara , Zaki Sherif R , Carrilho Carla , Ordi Jaume 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) is a simplified postmortem examination technique that has shown to be an adequate approach for cause of death investigation in low-resource settings. It requires relatively low level of infrastructures and can be performed by health professionals with no background in pathology. A training program has been developed for the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network to guarantee standardization of specimen collection techniques, procedures, and laboratory methods.

Methods
The training program has included assessment of the site capacities and training on a standardized protocol of MITS sampling and histological processing. The project has also introduced a program of training for trainers for the personnel from Mozambique. To guarantee the adequacy of the procedure in each site, a trainer accompanied the local teams when the activities started. Training outcomes were assessed by evaluating the quality of the samples obtained and the quality of the slides produced locally.

Results
Between June 2016 and October 2018, the laboratories of 7 sites (Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and South Africa) have been evaluated and upgraded. Training has been delivered to 63 staff members from all sites. More than 600 MITS procedures have been performed. The quantity of tissue obtained in the MITS by the local teams was sufficient or abundant in 73%, and 87% of the slides were considered as technically acceptable or excellent.

Conclusions
Satisfactory standardization of MITS and histology procedures has been achieved across all CHAMPS sites through organized capacity-building plans.
Mortality Surveillance Methods to Identify and Characterize Deaths in Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network Sites
Authors: Salzberg Navit T , Sivalogan Kasthuri , Bassat Quique , Taylor Allan W , Adedini Sunday , El Arifeen Shams , Assefa Nega , Blau Dianna M , Chawana Richard , Cain Carrie Jo , Cain Kevin P , Caneer J Patrick , Garel Mischka , Gurley Emily S , Kaiser Reinhard , Kotloff Karen L , Mandomando Inacio , Morris Timothy , Nyamthimba Onyango Peter , Sazzad Hossain M S , Scott J Anthony G , Seale Anna C , Sitoe Antonio , Sow Samba O , Tapia Milagritos D , Whitney Ellen A , Worrell Mary Claire , Zielinski-Gutierrez Emily , Madhi Shabir A , Raghunathan Pratima L , Koplan Jeffrey P , Breiman Robert F ,   Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Methods Consortium, Agaya Janet , Akelo Victor , Tippett Barr Beth A , Bari Sanwarul , Islam Farzana , Rahman Afruna , Dessie Yadeta , Gedefa Letta , Kaluma Erick , Keita Adama Mamby , Onwuchekwa Uma U , Sidibe Diakaridia , Jambai Amara , Madrid Lola , Wittmann Stefanie , Mehta Ashka , Munguambe Khátia , Nhacolo Ariel , Vitorino Pio , Sacoor Charfudin , Preslar Jessica , Onyango Dickens , Ordi Jaume , Menéndez Santos Clara , Samura Solomon , Turk Megan , Varo Rosauro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite reductions over the past 2 decades, childhood mortality remains high in low- and middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In these settings, children often die at home, without contact with the health system, and are neither accounted for, nor attributed with a cause of death. In addition, when cause of death determinations occur, they often use nonspecific methods. Consequently, findings from models currently utilized to build national and global estimates of causes of death are associated with substantial uncertainty. Higher-quality data would enable stakeholders to effectively target interventions for the leading causes of childhood mortality, a critical component to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by eliminating preventable perinatal and childhood deaths. The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Network tracks the causes of under-5 mortality and stillbirths at sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia through comprehensive mortality surveillance, utilizing minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS), postmortem laboratory and pathology testing, verbal autopsy, and clinical and demographic data. CHAMPS sites have established facility- and community-based mortality notification systems, which aim to report potentially eligible deaths, defined as under-5 deaths and stillbirths within a defined catchment area, within 24–36 hours so that MITS can be conducted quickly after death. Where MITS has been conducted, a final cause of death is determined by an expert review panel. Data on cause of death will be provided to local, national, and global stakeholders to inform strategies to reduce perinatal and childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
VariED: the first integrated database of gene annotation and expression profiles for variants related to human diseases
Authors: Lee Chien-Yueh , Chattopadhyay Amrita , Chiang Li-Mei , Juang Jyh-Ming Jimmy , Lai Liang-Chuan , Tsai Mong-Hsun , Lu Tzu-Pin , Chuang Eric Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Integrated analysis of DNA variants and gene expression profiles may facilitate precise identification of gene regulatory networks involved in disease mechanisms. Despite the widespread availability of public resources, we lack databases that are capable of simultaneously providing gene expression profiles, variant annotations, functional prediction scores and pathogenic analyses. VariED is the first web-based querying system that integrates an annotation database and expression profiles for genetic variants. The database offers a user-friendly platform and locates gene/variant names in the literature by connecting to established online querying tools, biological annotation tools and records from free-text literature. VariED acts as a central hub for organized genome information consisting of gene annotation, variant allele frequency, functional prediction, clinical interpretation and gene expression profiles in three species: human, mouse and zebrafish. VariED also provides a novel scoring scheme to predict the functional impact of a DNA variant. With one single entry, all results regarding queried DNA variants can be downloaded. VariED can potentially serve as an efficient way to obtain comprehensive variant knowledge for clinicians and scientists around the world working on important drug discoveries and precision treatments.
Evaluating reach, adoption, implementation and maintenance of Internet-based interventions to prevent eating disorders in adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Zeiler Michael , Kuso Stefanie , Nacke Barbara , Klesges Lisa M , Waldherr Karin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPast research has yielded promising results on the effectiveness of Internet-based interventions to prevent eating disorders (EDs) in adolescents, but further information is needed to evaluate the public health impact of their large-scale dissemination. This article used an established framework to systematically review the extent to which indicators of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance [cf. Reach-Effectiveness-Adoption-Implementation-Maintenance (RE-AIM)-framework] of universal and targeted online ED prevention programmes are reported in the literature, in order to estimate their future dissemination potential.MethodsThe literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO, and complemented by searching existing reviews and the reference lists of the studies included. Twenty-two studies published between 2000 and April 2019 met the inclusion criteria. We extracted data on a total of 43 indicators, within RE-AIM dimensions for each article, including qualitative coding of fostering and hindering factors.ResultsReach (55.0%) and implementation (54.0%) were the dimensions reported on most frequently, followed by effectiveness (46.8%), adoption (34.7%) and maintenance (18.2%). While internal validity indicators were frequently reported (e.g. sample size, effects and intervention intensity), most studies failed to report on elements of external validity, such as representativeness of participants and settings, adoption rates, implementation costs and programme sustainability.ConclusionsEvidence indicates that Internet-based ED prevention programmes can reach a large number of adolescents and can be feasibly implemented in school settings. However, given the paucity of large-scale dissemination studies available for review, the degree to which schools are willing to adopt preventive interventions, as well as the transferability of programmes to different settings and geographical regions remains unclear.