bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why health systems cannot fix problems caused by food systems: a call to integrate accountability for obesity into food systems policy
Authors: Reeve Erica , Farrell Penny , Thow Anne Marie , Mauli Senoveva , Patay Dori 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Overweight and obesity now impact one-third of the entire adult population globally, and play a role in the development of 3 of the 4 more common causes of death. Accountability systems for obesity prevention centring on food environment policies and health system strengthening have been vital for raising awareness to the lack of progress in prevention. However, health systems have struggled to prevent and treat obesity – in part because critical food systems reforms largely lay outside the mandate of health sectors and with government agencies for agriculture, industry, infrastructure, trade and investment, and finance. In this commentary we highlight aspects of food systems that are driving poor diets and obesity, and demonstrate a powerful but largely overlooked opportunity for accountability mechanisms for obesity that better address food systems as a main driver. We draw on lessons generated in the Pacific Islands Region where they have demonstrated remarkable commitment to obesity prevention through food system reforms, and the adoption of accountability systems that bring leaders to account on these. We make recommendations for accountability mechanisms that facilitate greater cooperation of food systems sectors on obesity and NCD prevention.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Information Concealment Scale for Caregivers of palliative care patients
Authors: Çamcı Gülşah , Oğuz Sıdıka , Ziya Özdemir Mehmet 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis methodological study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Information Concealment Scale for Caregivers of palliative care patients.MethodsThe study was conducted between January and June 2023 with 155 caregivers who cared for patients hospitalized in the palliative care units of 2 hospitals in Istanbul, Turkey. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed for validity analysis. Cronbach’s α, item-total correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Pearson correlation analysis were used for reliability analysis.ResultsOf the participants, 54.2% were female and 69% were married. The mean age was 37.96 ± 12.25 years. According to the exploratory factor analysis, the scale consisted of 3 subscales and 15 items. The first subscale of the scale was expressed as “misrepresentation of the disease’; the second subscale was defined as “concealment of information”; the third subscale was defined as “misrepresentation of the real situation.” As a result of the modifications made in confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness-of-fit values were as follows: CMIN/DF(X2/Sd) = 175.16/815 = 2.16; GFI = 0.88; CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.079; RMR = .070; NFI = 0.90. The Cronbach’s α values of the subscale were between 0.79 and 0.87. ICC values were between 0.90 and 0.95 at a confidence interval of 95%. A positive correlation was determined between the subscales.Significance of resultsIt was determined that the Turkish version of the Information Concealment Scale was a valid and reliable tool for caregivers.
Maternal under-nutrition during pregnancy alters the molecular response to over-nutrition in multiple organs and tissues in nonhuman primate juvenile offspring
Authors: Cox Laura A. , Puppala Sobha , Chan Jeannie , Riojas Angelica M. , Lange Kenneth J. , Birnbaum Shifra , Dick Edward J. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Nijland Mark J. , Li Cun , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Olivier Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Previous studies in rodents suggest that mismatch between fetal and postnatal nutrition predisposes individuals to metabolic diseases. We hypothesized that in nonhuman primates (NHP), fetal programming of maternal undernutrition (MUN) persists postnatally with a dietary mismatch altering metabolic molecular systems that precede standard clinical measures. We used unbiased molecular approaches to examine response to a high fat, high-carbohydrate diet plus sugar drink (HFCS) challenge in NHP juvenile offspring of MUN pregnancies compared with controls (CON). Pregnant baboons were fed ad libitum (CON) or 30% calorie reduction from 0.16 gestation through lactation; weaned offspring were fed chow ad libitum. MUN offspring were growth restricted at birth. Liver, omental fat, and skeletal muscle gene expression, and liver glycogen, muscle mitochondria, and fat cell size were quantified. Before challenge, MUN offspring had lower body mass index (BMI) and liver glycogen, and consumed more sugar drink than CON. After HFCS challenge, MUN and CON BMIs were similar. Molecular analyses showed HFCS response differences between CON and MUN for muscle and liver, including hepatic splicing and unfolded protein response. Altered liver signaling pathways and glycogen content between MUN and CON at baseline indicate in utero programming persists in MUN juveniles. MUN catchup growth during consumption of HFCS suggests increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Greater sugar drink consumption in MUN demonstrates altered appetitive drive due to programming. Differences in blood leptin, liver glycogen, and tissue-specific molecular response to HFCS suggest MUN significantly impacts juvenile offspring ability to manage an energy rich diet.
Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Spatio‐Temporal Stream Network Sensor Data
Authors: Santos‐Fernandez Edgar , Ver Hoef Jay M. , Peterson Erin E. , McGree James , Villa Cesar A. , Leigh Catherine , Turner Ryan , Roberts Cameron , Mengersen Kerrie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe use of in‐situ digital sensors for water quality monitoring is becoming increasingly common worldwide. While these sensors provide near real‐time data for science, the data are prone to technical anomalies that can undermine the trustworthiness of the data and the accuracy of statistical inferences, particularly in spatial and temporal analyses. Here we propose a framework for detecting anomalies in sensor data recorded in stream networks, which takes advantage of spatial and temporal autocorrelation to improve detection rates. The proposed framework involves the implementation of effective data imputation to handle missing data, alignment of time‐series to address temporal disparities, and the identification of water quality events. We explore the effectiveness of a suite of state‐of‐the‐art statistical methods including posterior predictive distributions, finite mixtures, and Hidden Markov Models (HMM). We showcase the practical implementation of automated anomaly detection in near‐real time by employing a Bayesian recursive approach. This demonstration is conducted through a comprehensive simulation study and a practical application to a substantive case study situated in the Herbert River, located in Queensland, Australia, which flows into the Great Barrier Reef. We found that methods such as posterior predictive distributions and HMM produce the best performance in detecting multiple types of anomalies. Utilizing data from multiple sensors deployed relatively near one another enhances the ability to distinguish between water quality events and technical anomalies, thereby significantly improving the accuracy of anomaly detection. Thus, uncertainty and biases in water quality reporting, interpretation, and modeling are reduced, and the effectiveness of subsequent management actions improved.
Seismic Wave Detectability on Venus Using Ground Deformation Sensors, Infrasound Sensors on Balloons and Airglow Imagers
Authors: Garcia Raphael F. , van Zelst Iris , Kawamura Taichi , Näsholm Sven Peter , Horleston Anna , Klaasen Sara , Lefèvre Maxence , Solberg Celine Marie , Smolinski Krystyna T. , Plesa Ana‐Catalina , Brissaud Quentin , Maia Julia S. , Stähler Simon C. , Lognonné Philippe , Panning Mark P. , Gülcher Anna , Ghail Richard , De Toffoli Barbara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe relatively unconstrained internal structure of Venus is a missing piece in our understanding of the formation and evolution of the Solar System. Detection of seismic waves generated by venusquakes is crucial to determine the seismic structure of Venus' interior, as recently shown by the new seismic and geodetic constraints on Mars' interior obtained by the InSight mission. In the next decade multiple missions will fly to Venus to explore its tectonic and volcanic activity, but they will not be able to conclusively detect seismic waves, despite their potential to detect fault movements. Looking toward the next fleet of Venus missions after the ones already decided, various concepts to measure seismic waves have been proposed. These detection methods include typical geophysical ground sensors already deployed on Earth, the Moon, and Mars; pressure sensors on balloons; and imagers of high altitude emissions (airglow) on orbiters. The latter two methods target the detection of the infrasound signals generated by seismic waves and amplified during their upward propagation. Here, we provide a first comparison between the detection capabilities of these different measurement techniques and recent estimates of Venus' seismic activity. In addition, we discuss the performance requirements and measurement durations required to detect seismic waves with the various detection methods. Our study clearly presents the advantages and limitations of the different seismic wave detection techniques and can be used to drive the design of future mission concepts aiming to study the seismicity of Venus.
Estimation of Mud and Sand Fractions and Total Concentration From Coupled Optical‐Acoustic Sensors
Authors: Tran Duc , Jacquet Matthias , Pearson Stuart , Van Prooijen Bram , Verney Romaric 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOptical turbidity and acoustic sensors have been widely used in laboratory experiments and field studies to investigate suspended particulate matter concentration over the last four decades. Both methods face a serious challenge as laboratory and in‐situ calibrations are usually required. Furthermore, in coastal and estuarine environments, the coexistence of mud and sand often results in multimodal particle size distributions, amplifying erroneous measurements. This paper proposes a new approach of combining a pair of optical turbidity‐acoustic sensors to estimate the total concentration and sediment composition of a mud/sand mixture in an efficient way without an extensive calibration. More specifically, we first carried out a set of 54 bimodal size regime experiments to derive empirical functions of optical‐acoustic signals, concentrations, and mud/sand fractions. The functionalities of these relationships were then tested and validated using more complex multimodal size regime experiments over 30 optical‐acoustic pairs of 5 wavelengths (420, 532, 620, 700, 852 nm) and six frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 MHz). In the range of our data, without prior knowledge of particle size distribution, combinations between optical wavelengths 620–700 nm and acoustic frequencies 4–6 MHz predict mud/sand fraction and total concentration with the variation <10% for the former and <15% for the later. The results also suggest that acoustic‐acoustic signals could be combined to produce meaningful information regarding concentration and mud/sand fraction, while no useful knowledge could be extracted from a combination of optical‐optical pairs. This approach therefore enables the robust estimation of suspended sediment concentration and composition, which is particularly practical in cases where calibration data is insufficient.
PD-L2 of tumor-derived exosomes mediates the immune escape of cancer cells via the impaired T cell function
Authors: Liu Tongfeng , Cheng Shuwen , Peng Bo , Zang Haojing , Zhu Xiaofeng , Wang Xuetong , Zhao Xujie , Gu Yinmin , Pan Yongbo , Hu Hongbo , Gao Shan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe function of PD-1/PD-L1 axis have been intensively studied for immune escape of various cancers. However, the underlying function of PD-L2 remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that PD-L2 is majorly expressed in exosomes with surface localization by clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells. Tumor cell-derived exosome PD-L2 (TDE-PD-L2) exhibits high expression compared with TDE-PD-L1 in various cancers. In the absence of adaptive immune, TDE-PD-L2 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis. Under immune competence condition, TDE-PD-L2 is hijacked by immune cells in a PD-1-dependent manner to systematically dampen function of T cells via the increased proportion of the regulatory T cells and the decreased proportion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in both tumor-infiltrating T cells and spleen. The effects of TDE-PD-L2 on tumor is restored by antibodies targeting PD-L2. Collectively, we demonstrate that PD-1/TDE-PD-L2 axis systematically suppresses T cell functions, representing a potentially therapeutic strategy for ccRCC treatment.
DKK1+ tumor cells inhibited the infiltration of CCL19+ fibroblasts and plasma cells contributing to worse immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fan Guangyu , Gao Ruyun , Xie Tongji , Li Lin , Tang Le , Han Xiaohong , Shi Yuankai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntra-tumor immune infiltration plays a pivotal role in the interaction with tumor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its phenotype and related spatial structure remained elusive. To address these limitations, we conducted a comprehensive study combining spatial data (38,191 spots from eight samples) and single-cell data (56,022 cells from 20 samples). Our analysis revealed two distinct infiltration patterns: immune exclusion and immune activation. Plasma cells emerged as the primary cell type within intra-tumor immune clusters. Notably, we observed the co-location of CCL19+ fibroblasts with plasma cells, which secrete chemokines and promote T-cell activation and leukocyte migration. Conversely, in immune-exclusion samples, this co-location was primarily observed in the adjacent normal area. This co-localization correlated with T cell infiltration and the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures, validated by multiplex immunofluorescence conducted on twenty HCC samples. Both CCL19+ fibroblasts and plasma cells were associated with favorable survival outcomes. In an immunotherapy cohort, HCC patients who responded favorably exhibited higher infiltration of CCL19+ fibroblasts and plasma cells. Additionally, we observed the accumulation of DKK1+ tumor cells within the tumor area in immune-exclusion samples, particularly at the tumor boundary, which inhibited the infiltration of CCL19+ fibroblasts and plasma cells into the tumor area. Furthermore, in immune-exclusion samples, the SPP1 signaling pathway demonstrated the highest activity in communication between tumor and immune clusters, and CCL19-CCR7 played a pivotal role in the self-communication of immune clusters. This study elucidates immune exclusion and immune activation patterns in HCC and identifies relevant factors contributing to immune resistance.
Oocyte death is triggered by the stabilization of TAp63α dimers in response to cisplatin
Authors: Abazarikia Amirhossein , So Wonmi , Xiao Shuo , Kim So-Youn 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe TAp63α protein is highly expressed in primordial follicle oocytes, where it typically exists in an inactive dimeric form. Upon DNA damage, TAp63α undergoes hyperphosphorylation, transitioning from a dimeric to a tetrameric structure, which initiates oocyte apoptosis by upregulating pro-apoptotic gene. Our results demonstrate that cisplatin, an alkylating anti-cancer agent, predominantly produced the TAp63α dimer rather than the tetramer. We further observed that TAp63α protein accumulation occurred in primordial follicle oocytes following cisplatin treatment, and this accumulation was significantly reduced by cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. These findings suggest that TAp63α accumulation is driven primarily by de novo protein synthesis in response to DNA damage. Notably, cycloheximide protected oocytes from cisplatin-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by reduced levels of both PUMA, a known pro-apoptotic target gene of TAp63α, and TAp63α itself. Additionally, TAp63α turnover appears to be regulated by ubiquitination and proteasome degradation, as evidenced by TAp63α accumulation without oocyte death when treated with PYR-41, a pharmacological inhibitor. However, when TAp63α was stabilized by PYR-41 and subsequently activated by cisplatin, oocyte death occurred, marked by increased γH2AX and Cleaved PARP. Moreover, the Casein kinase 1 inhibitor PF-670462 effectively blocked cisplatin-induced oocyte death, indicating that CK1-mediated phosphorylation is essential for TAp63α activation, even in the absence of tetramer formation. The ATR inhibitor BEZ235 prevented cisplatin-induced TAp63α accumulation, suggesting that TAp63α accumulation precedes its phosphorylation-driven activation. Collectively, our study reveals a novel mechanism of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in primordial follicle oocyte through TAp63α stabilization and accumulation, independent of tetramerization.
Rigid and planar π-conjugated molecules leading to long-lived intramolecular charge-transfer states exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Kuila Suman , Miranda-Salinas Hector , Eng Julien , Li Chunyong , Bryce Martin R. , Penfold Thomas J. , Monkman Andrew P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntramolecular charge transfer (ICT) occurs when photoexcitation causes electron transfer from an electron donor to an electron acceptor within the same molecule and is usually stabilized by decoupling of the donor and acceptor through an orthogonal twist between them. Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) exploits such twisted ICT states to harvest triplet excitons in OLEDs. However, the highly twisted conformation of TADF molecules results in limited device lifetimes. Rigid molecules offer increased stability, yet their typical planarity and π-conjugated structures impedes ICT. Herein, we achieve dispersion-free triplet harvesting using fused indolocarbazole-phthalimide molecules that have remarkably stable co-planar ICT states, yielding blue/green-TADF with good photoluminescence quantum yield and small singlet-triplet energy gap < 50 meV. ICT formation is dictated by the bonding connectivity and excited-state conjugation breaking between the donor and acceptor fragments, that stabilises the planar ICT excited state, revealing a new criterion for designing efficient TADF materials.
Antarctic extreme seasons under 20th and 21st century climate change
Authors: Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Caton Harrison Thomas , Holmes Caroline R. , Lu Hua , Martineau Patrick , Phillips Tony 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, available large ensemble datasets in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 6 (CMIP6) archive were used to provide the first multi-variate overview of the evolution of extreme seasons over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean during the 20th and 21st centuries following medium-to-high radiative forcing scenarios. The results show significant differences between simulated changes in background mean climate and changes in low (10th percentile) and high (90th percentile) extreme seasons. Regional winter warming is most pronounced for cold extremes. In summer, there are more pronounced increases in high extremes in precipitation and westerly wind during the ozone hole formation period (late 20th century), affecting coastal regions and, in particular, the Antarctic Peninsula. At midlatitudes, there is a reduction in the range of summer season wind extremes. Suggested mechanisms for these differences are provided relating to sea ice retreat and westerly jet position.
Room-temperature, one-step synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles using morpholine as a complexing and precipitating agent: toward a cathode material for zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Mohamed Saad G. , Wan Jixu , Li Xuejin 
Published: November 2024

This study presents an eco-friendly synthesis of Mn3O4 nanoparticles via a 24-hour room-temperature reaction with morpholine and manganese nitrate. As a zinc-ion battery cathode, Zn//Mn3O4 showed a 209.7 mAh g−1 capacity after 300 cycles at 0.6 A g−1.
Stories From Near and Far: Evaluating Kindergarten-Age Students' Performance on Narrative Tasks Administered In-Person and Remotely
Authors: Bolden William , Arnold Hayley , Audet Lisa , Grogan-Johnson Sue , Schenker Jason 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in performance on Narrative Language Measures-Listening (NLM-Listening; Petersen & Spencer, 2016) when administered via telepractice versus in-person for typically developing kindergarten-age participants.

Method:
Twenty-four typically developing kindergarten-age students were administered the NLM-Listening in-person and via telepractice as part of a kindergarten screening process. Raw scores earned on the assessments were compared using a quasi-experimental, repeated-measures design. Administration time was also compared between the two conditions as a primary variable. Scores from behavioral checklists examining student performance were compared to determine reliability between telepractice and in-person delivery.

Results:
No statistically significant differences were noted for the assessment between telepractice and in-person in terms of raw scores earned or administration time. Results from analysis of the behavioral checklist suggest that student behavior was similar across the two testing conditions.

Conclusions:
The current study contributes to the existing research between in-person and telepractice assessment. Results demonstrate that typically developing students performed similarly between the two testing conditions in terms of raw scores earned on the narrative assessment, time to complete the assessment, and behavioral ratings on a clinician checklist.
Lack of emission lines in the optical spectra of SAX J1808.4–3658 during reflaring of the 2019 outburst
Authors: Asquini L. , Baglio M. C. , Campana S. , D’Avanzo P. , Miraval Zanon A. , Alabarta K. , Russell D. M. , Bramich D. M. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. We present spectroscopy of the accreting X-ray binary and millisecond pulsar SAX J1808.4–3658. These observations are the first to be obtained during a reflaring phase. We collected spectroscopic data during the beginning of the reflaring of the 2019 outburst and compared them to previous datasets taken at different epochs, both of the same outburst and across the years. To this end, we also present spectra of the source taken during quiescence in 2007, one year before the next outburst.
Methods. We made use of data taken by the Very Large Telescope (VLT) X-shooter spectrograph on August 31, 2019, three weeks after the outburst peak. For flux calibration, we used photometric data taken during the same night by the 1m telescopes from the Las Cumbres Observatory network that are located in Chile. We compare our spectra to the quiescent data taken by the VLT-FORS1 spectrograph in September, 2007. We inspected the spectral energy distribution by fitting our data with a multicolored accretion-disk model and sampled the posterior probability density function for the model parameters with a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm.
Results. We find the optical spectra of the 2019 outburst to be unusually featureless, with no emission lines present despite the high resolution of the instrument. Fitting the UV-optical spectral energy distribution with a disk plus irradiated star model results in a very large value for the inner disk radius of ∼5130 ± 240 km, which could suggest that the disk was emptied of material during the outburst, possibly accounting for the emission-less spectra. Alternatively, the absence of emission lines could be due to a significant contribution of the jet emission at optical wavelengths.