bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effects of the intratracheal administration of corticosteroids for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Yirong , Xiu Wenlong , Lin Yunfeng , Ren Yanli , Zhang Baoquan , Yang Changyi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common complications in premature infants. Since inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of BPD, anti‐inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids, have long been the focus of prevention research. In this meta‐analysis, we aim to explore the long‐term effects of the intratracheal administration of corticosteroids (IAC) in preventing BPD.MethodsEMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, Clinicaltrials.gov, the ISRCTN registry, and gray literature were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the long‐term effects of IAC for the prevention of BPD in premature infants.ResultsFive RCTs (n = 1515) were eligible for further analysis. The meta‐analysis revealed that the incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) did not significantly differ between the IAC group and the control group (relative risk [RR] 0.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79 to 1.03, P = .14). There was no significant reduction in long‐term mortality (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.41; P = .3) or the incidence of rehospitalization (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.09, P = .82). No significant differences were observed between the IAC group and the control group with regard to height, weight and head circumference at the age of 18 to 36 months of postmenstrual age (PMA) (mean difference [MD], 0.14; 95% CI, −0.26 to 0.54, P = .48).ConclusionsOur study suggests that IAC in preterm infants does not have significant long‐term benefits or adverse outcomes. However, before routine use, well‐designed studies and studies involving large sample sizes are needed to confirm the pharmacokinetics and long‐term effects of IAC.
Co‐expression Network Analysis Identified Key Proteins in Association With Hepatic Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Wang , Shi Jian , Zhou Yan , Liu Tongjun , Li Jiannan , Hong Feng , Zhang Kai , Liu Ning 
Published: August 2019

PurposeIntense efforts have been made in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment in recent decades. However, the mechanism of development and metastasis of CRC has not been fully cleared. This study is designed to identify key proteins involved in stage III and hepatic metastatic CRC.Experiment designProtein expression profiles of paired tumor and benign tissue samples from stage III and hepatic metastatic CRC patients are characterized by using a label‐free proteomics approach. Key proteins relevant to hepatic metastatic CRC are revealed by weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and other bioinformatics tools.ResultsWGCNA reveals three hub modules: CRC without specific stage (turquoise), stage III CRC (blue), and hepatic metastatic CRC (green). Nine key proteins (heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 gamma, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1, fibrinogen beta chain (FGB), Talin 1, adaptor related protein complex 2 subunit alpha 2, serrate RNA effector molecule homolog, apolipoprotein C3, phosphoglucomutase 5) are identified. Moreover, upregulation of HSPD1 is validated in CRC tissue by the immunohistochemistry. Upregulation of fibrinogen is validated in metastatic CRC by plasma fibrinogen assay.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThis study provides the proteomic analysis of stage III and hepatic metastatic CRC to identify key proteins of CRC. FGB plays a key role to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for hepatic metastatic CRC.
Identification of carbonylated proteins in a bactericidal process induced by curcumin with blue light irradiation on imipenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chih , Cheng Ya‐Yun , Lai Meng‐Jiun , Hu Anren 
Published: August 2019

RationaleAntimicrobial photodynamic treatment is potentially an alternative to antibiotics and is also effective against viruses, fungi and some cancers. Our previous studies have shown that blue light combined with curcumin, a chemical from the turmeric plant, exerted effective antimicrobial activity via photodynamic treatment. The study reported in this paper investigates which target proteins are affected after the treatment.MethodsWe treated imipenem‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with blue light and curcumin and used protein carbonylation as a marker for oxidative damage. After treatment, the bacterial proteins were extracted and the protein carbonyls marked using dinitrophenylhydrazide. After enzyme digestion, we used liquid chromatography/nano‐electrospray ionization (LC/nano‐ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry to identify bacterial peptides from a customized database. The functional enrichment analyses of the identified proteins were performed using gene ontology annotation and the STRING protein–protein interaction network.ResultsThe application of curcumin with blue light showed good antibacterial activity against imipenem‐resistant A. baumannii. Using a shotgun proteomics approach, the carbonylated proteins in A. baumannii caused by the photolytic curcumin were identified. The results showed that the proteins related to membrane structures, translation and response to oxidative stress were preferentially modified.ConclusionsThe photolytic curcumin treatment could be a potential alternative to antibiotics for bacterial infection. In this study, the shotgun proteomics strategy allows us to explore the possible bactericidal mechanisms under this oxidative stress. The result provides a reference for future studies on the enhancement of the action of photolytic curcumin.
Coping styles in individuals with hypertension of varying severity
Authors: Casagrande Maria , Boncompagni Ilaria , Mingarelli Alessandro , Favieri Francesca , Forte Giuseppe , Germanò Rosanna , Germanò Giuseppe , Guarino Angela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe strategies that people usually use to cope with stressful events, that is, their coping style, may affect blood pressure and cardiovascular functioning. Generally, hypertension is positively associated with emotion‐oriented, maladaptive coping strategies and negatively related to task‐focused coping styles, but no study has investigated the relationship between coping strategies and the severity of hypertension. This study aimed to assess whether the severity of cardiovascular disorders was associated with specific coping strategies. Participants were selected from the Policlinico Umberto I of the University of Rome “Sapienza.” The sample was divided into five groups: (a) healthy people (n = 190); (b) people with untreated hypertension (n = 232); (c) people using antihypertensive medication (n = 158); (d) people using antihypertensive medication with uncontrolled hypertension (n = 179); and (e) people suffering from both hypertension and heart diseases (N = 192). Coping strategies were evaluated with the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. One‐way ANCOVAs, considering Group as the independent variable and the coping strategies (task‐focused, emotion‐oriented and avoidance‐oriented coping) as dependent variables, showed that individuals affected by both hypertension and heart diseases made less use of task‐focused coping strategies than the other groups. These findings confirm the relationship between coping style and hypertension and highlight that patients with hypertension and heart diseases make less use of appropriate coping strategies.
On the post‐buckling rotational capacity of square hollow sections in uniform bending
Authors: Müller Andreas , Taras Andreas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019The growing popularity of high‐strength steel grades leads to the need for more accurate design specifications, with the aim of fully exploiting the material benefits and creating economic advantages. According to Eurocode 3, the maximum rotational capacity of a section is limited and linked to the definition of cross‐sectional classes. For class 1, the rotational limit θ is assumed to be ”infinite“, whereas it drops significantly for classes 2 and 3 to a maximum rotation of φpl and φel, respectively. In reality, despite their lower hardening capacity and ultimate strains, high‐strength steel sections exhibit a non‐negligible rotational capacity that exceeds these code predictions, which were developed for mild steel and with a level of analysis in mind that is suitable for hand calculations. In order to achieve greater use of high‐strength steel sections, it is thus very important to understand and be able to predict a section's deformation and rotational capacity more accurately, with the aim of implementing the findings in tools for advanced, FEM‐based design by analysis (DbA) approaches. As an initial step in this direction, this paper shows the results from numerical calculations of the rotational capacity of HSS rectangular hollow sections. The numerical results were calibrated against laboratory tests. Consequently, different rectangular cross‐section dimensions and variations of the steel grade and thickness were chosen and analysed in the ABAQUS finite element software.
Systems‐theoretic security requirements modeling for cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Carter Bryan T. , Bakirtzis Georgios , Elks Carl R. , Fleming Cody H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCyber‐physical systems (CPS) present a unique modeling challenge due to their numerous heterogeneous components, complex physical interactions, and disjoint communication networks. Modeling CPS to aid security analysis further adds to these challenges, because securing CPS requires not only understanding of the system architecture, but also the system's role within its broader expected service. This is due to the infeasibility of completely securing every single component, network, and part within a CPS. As such it is necessary to be cognizant of the system's expected service, or mission, so that the effects of an exploit can be mitigated and the system can perform its mission at least in a partially degraded manner—in other words, a mission‐aware approach to security. As such, a security analysis methodology based on this philosophy is greatly aided by the creation of a model that combines system architecture information, its admissible behaviors, and its mission context. This paper presents a technique for creating such a model using the Systems Modeling Language.
Low secondary risks for captive coyotes from a sodium nitrite toxic bait for invasive wild pigs
Authors: Snow Nathan P. , Horak Katherine E. , Humphrys Simon T. , Staples Linton D. , Hewitt David G. , VerCauteren Kurt C. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAn acute toxic bait is being developed to deliver micro‐encapsulated sodium nitrite (SN) to stimulate severe methemoglobinemia and humane death for invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa), thereby providing a new tool for reducing their populations. During April 2016, we evaluated sensitivity to SN and outcomes of secondary consumption in the ubiquitous mammalian scavenger, coyote (Canis latrans), to determine secondary risks of consuming carcasses of wild pigs that died from consuming the SN toxic bait. At the National Wildlife Research Center in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, we first evaluated whether coyotes fed carcasses of domestic pigs killed by consumption of SN bait showed signs of SN intoxication. Second, we conducted chemical analysis of residual SN in the coyotes for evidence of SN passing from pigs to coyotes. Last, we conducted an acute oral toxicity test (LD50) with SN for coyotes by feeding them meatballs containing capsules of SN. We found no evidence that captive coyotes experienced SN intoxication from consuming on carcasses that had been freshly poisoned with SN, despite consuming   = 1.6 kg of tissues/coyote within 24 hours. None of the captive coyotes consumed digestive tracts or stomach contents from poisoned carcasses, which contained the highest levels of residual SN. Chemical analysis indicated that only ≤34.14 mg/kg of residual SN were passed from the tissues of the pigs into the coyotes, confirming that SN does not bioaccumulate. All coyotes quickly vomited various doses of SN during the LD50 test and fully recovered, suggesting a natural defense against secondary poisoning from SN. Testing with captive coyotes indicates that the risks of secondary poisoning for free‐ranging coyotes are likely low, although field‐testing should be used to confirm. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Comparison of Pre‐ and Post‐transplant Parathyroidectomy in Renal Transplant Recipients and the Impact of Parathyroidectomy Timing on Calcium Metabolism and Renal Allograft Function: A Retrospective Single‐Center Analysis
Authors: Okada Manabu , Hiramitsu Takahisa , Ichimori Toshihiro , Goto Norihiko , Narumi Shunji , Watarai Yoshihiko , Sato Tetsuhiko , Tominaga Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of parathyroidectomy (PTx) timing on serum calcium (Ca) levels and renal functions in renal transplant recipients with severe hyperparathyroidism (HPT) remains unclear. We retrospectively aimed to investigate and compare the clinical data of patients who underwent pre‐ and post‐transplant PTx and elucidated the impact of PTx timing on serum Ca levels and renal graft outcomes after renal transplantation (RTx).MethodsDuring January 2000–December 2016, 53 and 55 patients underwent post‐transplant PTx (Post‐RTx group) and pretransplant PTx (Pre‐RTx group), respectively. The serum Ca levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed in both groups.ResultsAt the end of the follow‐up, the serum Ca levels were significantly higher and the incidence of hypocalcemia was significantly lower in the Pre‐RTx group than in the Post‐RTx group [9.5 vs. 8.9 mg/dL, P < 0.001; 14.5% vs. 34.0%, P = 0.024]. The decrease in the eGFR 12–36 months after RTx was more significant in the Post‐RTx group than in the Pre‐RTx group (−13.8% vs. −0.9%; P = 0.001). A logistic regression involving age, sex, dialysis period, and serum parathormone level revealed that post‐transplant PTx is an independent risk factor for persistent hypocalcemia at the end of the follow‐up (P = 0.034) and for a >20% decrease in the eGFR 12–36 months after RTx (P = 0.029).ConclusionsIn renal transplant candidates with severe HPT, pretransplant PTx should be considered to prevent persistent hypocalcemia and deterioration of the renal graft function.
A randomized phase 2 trial of apatinib vs observation as maintenance treatment following first­line induction chemotherapy in extensive­ stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Luo Hao , Zhang Liang , Yang Bo , Feng Yan , Xiong Yanli , Zhang Shiheng , Li Xuemei , Qian Chengyuan , Dong Wang , Dai Nan 
Published: August 2019

Summary
Background The 5-year survival rate for extensive-disease small-cell lung carcinoma (ED-SCLC) is only 1%. Recently, apatinib exerted promising effects on cancer patients after failure of first-line chemotherapy. Methods This study enrolled 24 ED-SCLC patients to study the efficacy and toxicity of apatinib in combination with chemotherapy and maintenance therapy. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included toxicity and safety. Apatinib was given 250 mg/day during the chemotherapy interval, and as maintenance therapy after 4–6 cycles until the patient progressed, died, or was intolerant to drug toxicity. The study further evaluated the cytotoxicity, cell-cycle arrest and apoptotic induction of apatinib in A549 and H446 cells. Results There was no difference in short-term efficacy between combined and chemotherapy groups. Long-term efficacy showed that the median PFS was 7.8 months and 4.9 months in combination and chemotherapy groups, respectively [p = 0.002, HR(95%CI): 0.18(0.06–0.60)]. The median OS was 12.1 months and 8.2 months in combination and chemotherapy groups, respectively [p = 0.023, HR(95%CI): 0.38 (0.16–0.90)]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that apatinib combined with chemotherapy was an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS. The ECOG score was an independent prognostic factor affecting OS. In vitro analysis showed that apatinib inhibited cell proliferation and caused cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Conclusion Apatinib combination/maintenance therapy showed promising efficacy and safety to extend OS/PFS in ED-SCLC and will be a potent therapeutic option in future practice. Although the scale of this study is small, further research on large sample sizes is needed.
Mineralogical investigation of fine clastic rocks from Central Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Walaa Elnasir , Salim Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed , Sum Chow Weng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe reduction in the conventional resources and insistent request for hydrocarbons and energy lead us to look forward for the increasing interest in unconventional resources by exploring new technologies for the national economy and local utilization in Malaysia. Upper Mesozoic-Cenozoic is considered the age of Central Sarawak Formations. This paper attempts to evaluate the clay mineralogy, depositional environment, gamma ray evaluation and the relationship between total organic carbon and uranium concentration of the Nyalau, Tatau, Begrih, Liang and Belaga Formation which eventually comprise black shales and mudstones using spectral gamma ray (SGR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), XRD clay separation and total organic content (TOC%). The results from SGR indicate that the formations composed mainly of kaolinite, smectite and chlorite. These results are confirmed by XRD, XRD clay separation and FESEM with the presence of illite as a dominant clay mineral component. Based on Th/U ratios which vary between 0.42 and 3.95, the formations are expected to be deposited in the reduced marine environment. Results from calculated API (90.76–233.32 API) reveal the ability of the clay minerals to absorb uranium and thorium through cation exchange capacity. The relationship between TOC% and U cross plots also show a significant positive correlation. The presence of high U concentrations in the formations is possible because of their relatively higher clay contents and the existence of organic matter.
Purpose and coping with adversity: A repeated measures, mixed‐methods study with young adolescents
Authors: Malin Heather , Morton Emily , Nadal Amber , Smith Krystal Ann 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionPurpose in life is associated with positive outcomes following adversity, but the mechanisms of this relationship are unclear. In this repeated measures, mixed‐methods study, we examined the relationship of purpose to coping with adversity among young adolescents.MethodsA sample of 1357 adolescents completed a survey about purpose, negative life events, and positive reframing coping four times at six month intervals. A sub‐sample of 91 survey respondents participated in an interview. Surveys were analyzed using fixed‐effects and mixed‐effects modeling to test the relationship between purpose and coping over time. Interviews were analyzed for purpose, adversity, and coping to understand this relationship as perceived by the participant.ResultsSurvey results indicate that purpose and positive reframing coping are related and change together over time. Interview results suggest that purpose can be a response to negative experiences.ConclusionsThere are likely underlying factors or processes driving the relationship between purpose and positive reframing coping. Some of the potential underlying factors and processes are discussed.
Should Benefit-Cost Analysis Include a Correction for the Marginal Excess Burden of Taxation?
Authors: Bos Frits , van der Pol Thomas , Romijn Gerbert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of theoretical, empirical, and practical arguments in favor of or against a correction for the marginal excess burden of taxation (MEB). Benefit-cost analysis (BCA) should be used to compare the costs and benefits of a policy measure and its major alternatives, and whenever relevant, also to compare different ways of financing this. The best pragmatic approach is then to assume first that a policy measure is financed out of general tax revenues and then that the MEB of these taxes is broadly counterbalanced by the benefits of redistribution of these taxes. The latter assumption is consistent with the preferences for equality in a country’s current tax system. It is a simple and politically neutral assumption, and it implies that the marginal cost of public funds is equal to 1 and that no correction is needed in BCAs for the MEB. This shortcut assumption does not imply that the tax system is optimal or that BCAs should be distributionally weighted. Choosing an alternative source of financing, i.e., other than general tax revenues, should be regarded as a separate policy measure that should be analyzed separately in a BCA, including its distortionary and distributive effects.
Revisiting the Battle of Solferino: The Worsening Plight of Civilian Casualties in War and Conflict
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe toll of civilian deaths in current wars and conflicts has been building for decades. Civilian populations, particularly since WWII, have suffered most of the consequences of armed violence and today represent the most at-risk population. This is attributed to the rise of religious and ethnic hatreds, the collapse of State structures, the battle for control of natural resources, the vast availability of weapons, the proliferation of acts of terrorism, and the spread of so-called asymmetric conflicts. Protections provided to innocent civilians under International Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Conventions have been ignored. This commentary captures the experience of the immediate care and transportation provided to military casualties of the Battle of Solferino in 1859 with civilian casualties recently documented in a Stanford-led study during the “golden hour” after injury in 13 conflicts from 1990 to 2017. Despite many advances in triage and management of war injuries over the intervening decades, the common thread of these 2 scenarios is that transport times and early resuscitation capacity and capabilities, first recognized in the 19th century wars and now accepted as global norms and markers for survival from trauma, are as unavailable today to civilians caught up in war and conflict as they were to soldiers in the 19th century.
Environmentally stable Er-fiber mode-locked pulse generation and amplification by spectrally filtered and phase-biased nonlinear amplifying long-loop mirror
Authors: Guo Zhengru , Hao Qiang , Peng Junsong , Zeng Heping 
Published: August 2019

We report on environmentally stable long-cavity ultrashort erbium-doped fiber lasers, which self-start mode-locking at quite low thresholds by using spectrally filtered and phase-biased nonlinear amplifying long-loop mirrors. By employing 100-m polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) in the nonlinear loop, the fundamental repetition rate reaches 1.84 MHz and no practical limitation is found to further decrease the repetition rate. The filter used in the long loop not only suppresses Kelly sidebands of the solitons, but also eliminates the amplified spontaneous emission which exists widely in low-repetition-rate ultrafast fiber lasers. The bandwidth of the filter is optimized by using a numerical model. The laser emits approximately 3-ps pulses with an energy of 17.4 pJ, which is further boosted to
$1.5~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{J}$
by using a fiber amplifier.