bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High expression of SPAG5 sustains the malignant growth and invasion of breast cancer cells through the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling
Authors: Jiang Jue , Wang Juan , He Xin , Ma Wenqi , Sun Lei , Zhou Qi , Li Miao , Yu Shanshan 
Published: March 2019

SummarySperm‐associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) has currently emerged as a novel oncogene in various cancers. High expression of SPAG5 has been frequently detected in breast cancer. However, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of SPAG5 in breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential biological function of SPAG5 in breast cancer cells. Herein, we found that both the mRNA and protein expression of SPAG5 were significantly up‐regulated in breast cancer cell lines. Functional experiments showed that silencing of SPAG5 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells, while the overexpression of SPAG5 promoted the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that SPAG5 promoted the expression of Wnt3 and β‐catenin, and increased the activation of β‐catenin/TCF4 transcriptional activity. Notably, the inhibition of Wnt3 partially reversed the promotion effect of SPAG5 on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion and β‐catenin/TCF4 signalling. In addition, the inhibition of β‐catenin also significantly abrogated SPAG5‐mediated oncogenic effects in breast cancer. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that SPAG5 promotes the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signalling via up‐regulating Wnt3 expression.
Towards measuring professionalism in accounting
Authors: Adler Ralph , Liyanarachchi Gregory 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper develops an instrument that measures accounting professionalism. The instrument's development was informed by literature on professionalism, similar to the genesis of instruments developed in other fields (i.e., sociology, medicine and pharmacy), and interviews with practising accountants and accounting academics. An exploratory factor analysis of 516 survey responses received from members of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand (CAANZ) produced four sub‐dimensions of accounting professionalism: ethics and independence, altruism, respect for others, and excellence. This four‐factor model and a unidimensional model were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The four‐factor model proved superior to the unidimensional one and produced a final instrument with strong psychometric properties.
Effects of large‐scale heathland management on thermal regimes and predation on adders Vipera berus
Authors: Worthington‐Hill J. O. , Gill J. A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractManagement prescriptions for species of conservation concern often focus on creating appropriate habitat conditions, but the spatial scales over which these actions are applied can potentially impact their success. In north‐western Europe, preventing further loss of lowland heathland through successional changes often involves the mechanical removal of vegetation, creating large blocks of open homogenous habitat. We investigate the influence of this broad‐scale habitat management on a heathland specialist, the adder Vipera berus. By deploying temperature loggers and Plasticine adder models in heathland areas with and without complex vegetation cover, we show that (1) cleared areas lack both the temperature variation adders need to thermoregulate effectively and suitable refuges from dangerously high summer temperatures, and (2) attacks by dogs and trampling by grazing livestock are significantly more frequent in cleared areas and closer to footpaths. Habitat management strategies that retain some structural complexity of vegetation within cleared areas, and diverting footpaths away from cleared areas and/or strategic placement of barrier hedging around these areas could potentially reduce the exposure of adders to high predation risk and thermal extremes.
Genetic diversity and maternal origin of Northeast African and South American donkey populations
Authors: Xia X. , Yu J. , Zhao X. , Yao Y. , Zeng L. , Ahmed Z. , Shen S. , Dang R. , Lei C. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryTo investigate the mtDNA variation and origin of maternal lineages in South American donkeys and to reassess the domestication of donkeys in northeast Africa, we analyzed sequences (489 bp of the D‐loop) from 323 domestic donkeys sampled from Peru, Brazil, Ethiopia and Egypt. Altogether, the 323 sequences displayed 53 different haplotypes (45 in Ethiopia, 14 in Egypt, eight in Peru and six in Brazil). Among the four populations, Egyptian donkeys possessed the highest haplotype diversity (0.910 ± 0.032), followed by Brazilian donkeys (0.879 ± 0.060). The Clade I haplotypes dominated in Peruvian donkeys (65%), whereas Clade II haplotypes dominated in Brazilian donkeys (67%). Estimates of FST values showed a high genetic differentiation between Peruvian and Brazilian donkey populations (FST = 0.4066), which could be explained by the complex introduction history of South American donkeys. Phylogeographic analysis indicates that northeast Africa could be the most probable domestication center for Clade I donkeys. Analysis of molecular variance confirmed a weak genetic structure in domestic donkey populations among four continents (Europe, Asia, Africa and South America).
CMAH genotyping survey for blood types A, B and C (AB) in purpose‐bred cats
Authors: Kehl A. , Mueller E. , Giger U. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn domestic cats, the AB blood group system consists of the three types A, B and C (also called AB). Mismatches can cause acute hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolysis of the newborn (neonatal isoerythrolysis, NI). As blood types B and C are inherited recessively to A, breeders need to know the genotype to predict blood types in offspring and avoid NI. Several CMAH variants have been described as being associated with the b and ac alleles, and different genotyping schemes exist. Here, we genotyped 2145 cats with the original SNV panel, including SNVs c.142G>A and ∆‐53, and our new scheme, with SNVs c.179G>T, c.268T>A and c.1322delT, to differentiate types A and B and added the SNV for the common ac (c.364C>T). Based upon the new scheme, all samples were assigned the correct genotype. No discordances appeared for the A allele, and new breed‐specific SNVs (c.179G>T, c.1322delT) for the b allele were discovered. Furthermore, the genotypes A/ac (type A), ac/ac (C) and ac/b (C) could be detected. We found the variant c.179G>T in additional breeds: Ragdoll, Siberian, Scottish Fold, Chartreux, Neva Masquerade, British Shorthair and Highlander. Also, the variant c.364C>T was detected in additional breeds: Bengal, British Shorthair, Maine Coon, and Scottish Fold. We conclude that our new SNV panel is superior in genotyping cats than the original SNV panel and assures correct assignments of types A, B and C to assist veterinary clinicians and breeders to recognize, confirm and avoid blood incompatibilities such as acute hemolytic transfusion reactions and NI.
Dysplastic/Clark naevus in the era of molecular pathology
Authors: Mesbah Ardakani Nima 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDysplastic naevus has been a controversial entity since its first description by Clark in 1978. Despite a recent paradigm shift from the initially proposed notion that dysplastic naevus is a precursor to melanoma, its management has been increasingly more aggressive in the last decade. The latter is due to an unresolved uncertainty regarding its biological nature which necessitates further clarification. Recent molecular genetics, epigenetic and transcriptomic discoveries have revealed that a subset of dysplastic naevi exhibits a genomic profile which is intermediate between that of benign naevus and melanoma. This group of lesions often shows somatic mutations in non‐V600E BRAF, NRAS and TERT and hemizygous deletion of CDKN2A gene as well as upregulation of genes involved in proliferation, cell adhesion and migration, and epidermal and follicular keratinocyte‐related genes. These new genomic insights suggest that a proportion of dysplastic naevi have a greater propensity to evolve to melanoma; however, the clinical and histopathological features of this proposed intermediate category are still to be elucidated by further research.
Hospital volume versus outcome following oesophagectomy for cancer in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Meng Rosie , Bright Tim , Woodman Richard J. , Watson David I. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundVolume–outcome relationships for mortality following oesophagectomy have been demonstrated in Europe and the USA, but not in Australia or New Zealand. We determined whether higher volume hospitals achieve better outcomes following oesophagectomy in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsAdministrative data for hospitals contributing data to the Health Roundtable were analysed. Hospitals performing oesophagectomy for cancer from July 2008 to June 2015 were grouped according to mean annual caseload: low (1–5), medium (6–11) and high (12+) volume. Univariate and multivariable analyses determined the impact of volume on 30‐day and in‐hospital mortalities, length of hospital stay and mechanical ventilation following surgery.ResultsA total of 2252 patients underwent oesophagectomy in 65 hospitals. Sixty‐eight percent (n = 44) were low‐, 26% (n = 17) were medium‐ and 6% (n = 4) were high‐volume hospitals. Seven hundred and sixty‐two (34%) procedures were performed in low‐, 1042 (46%) in medium‐ and 448 (20%) in high‐volume hospitals. Overall in‐hospital mortality was 3.1% and 30‐day mortality was 2.1%. In‐hospital mortality was lowest in high‐volume hospitals; 1.6% versus 2.6% and 4.1% for low‐ and medium‐volume hospitals (P = 0.02). Surgery in high‐volume hospitals was shorter (32 min, P = 0.001), and patients were less likely to require post‐operative ventilation (16.7% versus 25.3% and 28.0%, P < 0.001), although patients requiring ventilation in high‐volume hospitals were ventilated for longer.ConclusionsA volume–outcome relationship was demonstrated, with overall better performance in higher volume hospitals. Colocation of oesophagectomies to hospitals that can demonstrate appropriate caseload should be considered.
The cost effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori population screening—economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial with 13‐year follow‐up
Authors: Høgh Maria Bomme , Kronborg Christian , Hansen Jane Møller , Schaffalitzky de Muckadell Ove B. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundHelicobacter pylori eradication improves dyspeptic symptoms in 8%‐10%, prevents peptic ulcer and may reduce the risk of gastric cancer. Availability of a high quality diagnostic test and an effective treatment makes population screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori an attractive option.AimTo evaluate the cost effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori population screening and eradication.MethodsCost effectiveness analysis and cost utility analysis alongside randomised controlled trial with 13 years follow‐up. The evaluation has a societal perspective.A random general population sample of 20 011 individuals aged 40‐65 were randomised and invited in 1998‐1999; 12 530 were enrolled and, of these, 8658 have been successfully followed up at 1, 5, and 13 years after intervention. Questionnaires included the quality of life instrument SF‐36. From SF‐36 responses an SF‐6D score was derived and used for calculation of quality‐adjusted life years. Register data on costs, use of health care resources and medication were obtained for all randomised individuals. The intervention was an invitation to Helicobacter pylori screening by in‐office blood test; positive tests were validated by 13C‐urea breath test. Those who tested positive were offered eradication therapy. Main outcome measures were Incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year and life‐years gained.ResultsHelicobacter pylori population screening and eradication with 13 years follow‐up was not effective in regards to quality of life and the cost per screened person was higher than not screening (mean difference 11 269 DKK [95% CI: 3175‐19 362]). The probability of being cost‐effective was 80% at a threshold of 400 000 DKK (approximately 53,800 Euros) of willingness‐to‐pay per life‐year gained.ConclusionsHelicobacter pylori population screening and eradication with 13 years follow‐up was not effective in regards to quality of life and the cost of screening was higher than not screening.
Effects of follicle‐stimulating hormone followed by gonadotropin‐releasing hormone on embryo production by ovum pick‐up and in vitro fertilization in the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Sakaguchi Kenichiro , Maylem Excel Rio S. , Tilwani Ramesh C. , Yanagawa Yojiro , Katagiri Seiji , Atabay Edwin C. , Atabay Eufrocina P. , Nagano Masashi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, we examined the effects of superstimulation using follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) followed by gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) on buffalo embryo production by ultrasound‐guided ovum pick‐up (OPU) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). Nine Murrah buffaloes were subjected to OPU‐IVF without superstimulation (control). The morphologies of the oocytes collected were evaluated, and oocytes were then submitted to in vitro maturation (IVM). Two days after OPU, same nine buffaloes were treated with twice‐daily injections of FSH for 3 days for superstimulation followed by a GnRH injection. Oocytes were collected by OPU 23–24 hr after the GnRH injection and submitted to IVM (the superstimulated group). The total number of follicles, number of follicles with a diameter > 8 mm, and number of oocytes surrounded by multi‐layered cumulus cells were higher in the superstimulated group than in the control group (p ≤ 0.05). After IVF, the percentages of cleavage and development to blastocysts were higher in the superstimulated group than in the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, superstimulation improved the quality of oocytes and the embryo productivity of OPU‐IVF in river buffaloes.
Too exhausted to go to bed: Implicit theories about willpower and stress predict bedtime procrastination
Authors: Bernecker Katharina , Job Veronika 
Published: March 2019

While most people are aware of the importance of sleep for their health, well‐being, and performance, bedtime procrastination is a pervasive phenomenon that can be conceptualized as a case of self‐control failure (Kroese et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 2014, 1). Two daily diary studies (N1 = 185, N2 = 137) investigated beliefs about willpower and stress as interactive predictors of bedtime procrastination. Beliefs about willpower capture whether people think of their willpower as limited resource that gets easily depleted (limited theory) or as something that remains regardless of previous acts of self‐control (non‐limited theory). Results show that after a stressful day, people with a limited versus non‐limited theory procrastinate more on going to bed, while there is no difference in bedtime procrastination on less stressful days. Thus, ironically, limited theorists who should be more concerned with recovering their resources after a stressful day sleep less the following night.
Quantifying faulting and base level controls on syn‐rift sedimentation using stratigraphic architectures of coeval, adjacent Early‐Middle Pleistocene fan deltas in Lake Corinth, Greece
Authors: Barrett Bonita J. , Collier Richard E. LL. , Hodgson David M. , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Dorrell Robert M. , Cullen Timothy M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuantification of allogenic controls in rift basin‐fills requires analysis of multiple depositional systems because of marked along‐strike changes in depositional architecture. Here, we compare two coeval Early‐Middle Pleistocene syn‐rift fan deltas that sit 6 km apart in the hangingwall of the Pirgaki‐Mamoussia Fault, along the southern margin of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece. The Selinous fan delta is located near the fault tip and the Kerinitis fan delta towards the fault centre. Selinous and Kerinitis have comparable overall aggradational stacking patterns. Selinous comprises 15 cyclic stratal units (ca. 25 m thick), whereas at Kerinitis 11 (ca. 60 m thick) are present. Eight facies associations are identified. Fluvial and shallow water facies dominate the major stratal units in the topset region, with shelfal fine‐grained facies constituting ca. 2 m thick intervals between major topset units and thick conglomeratic foresets building down‐dip. It is possible to quantify delta build times (Selinous: 615 kyr; Kerinitis: >450 kyr) and average subsidence and equivalent sedimentation rates (Selinous: 0.65 m/kyr; Kerinitis: >1.77 m/kyr). The presence of sequence boundaries at Selinous, but their absence at Kerinitis, enables sensitivity analysis of the most uncertain variables using a numerical model, ‘Syn‐Strat’, supported by an independent unit thickness extrapolation method. Our study has three broad outcomes: (a) the first estimate of lake level change amplitude in Lake Corinth for the Early‐Middle Pleistocene (10–15 m), which can aid regional palaeoclimate studies and inform broader climate‐system models; (b) demonstration of two complementary methods to quantify faulting and base level signals in the stratigraphic record—forward modelling with Syn‐Strat and a unit thickness extrapolation—which can be applied to other rift basin‐fills; and (c) a quantitative approach to the analysis of stacking patterns and key surfaces that could be applied to stratigraphic pinch‐out assessment and cross‐hole correlations in reservoir analysis.
Critical role of CCL4 in eosinophil recruitment into the airway
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshiki , Konno Yasunori , Kanda Akira , Yamada Yoshiyuki , Yasuba Hirotaka , Sakata Yoshiko , Fukuchi Mineyo , Tomoda Koichi , Iwai Hiroshi , Ueki Shigeharu 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundExcessive eosinophil airway infiltration is a clinically critical condition in some cases. Eosinophilic pneumonia (EP) is a pulmonary condition involving eosinophil infiltration of the lungs. Although several chemokines, including eotaxin‐1 (CCL11), RANTES (CCL5) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP‐1β or CCL4), have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with EP, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying EP, including potential relationships between eosinophils and CCL4, have not been fully elucidated.ObjectiveTo examine the involvement of CCL4 in eosinophilic airway inflammation.MethodsWe analysed supernatants of activated eosinophils and BALF from 16 patients with eosinophilic pneumonia (EP). Further, we examined the effects of CCL4 on eosinophil functions in vitro and those of anti‐CCL4 neutralizing antibody in an in vivo model.ResultsWe found that purified human eosinophils stimulated with IL‐5 predominantly secreted CCL4 and that patients with EP had elevated CCL11 and CCL4 levels in BALF compared with samples from individuals without EP. Because CCL4 levels were more strongly correlated with eosinophil count and expression of eosinophil granule proteins than CCL11, in vitro experiments using purified eosinophils concentrated on the former chemokine. Interestingly, CCL4 acted as a chemoattractant for eosinophils. In a mouse model, administration of a CCL4‐neutralizing antibody attenuated eosinophilic airway infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOverall, these findings highlight an important role of CCL4 in the mechanisms underlying eosinophil recruitment into the airway and may provide a novel insight into this potential therapeutic target.
A novel semiautomatic segmentation protocol to evaluate guided bone regeneration outcomes: A pilot randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Li Yuan , Qiao Shi‐Chong , Gu Ying‐Xin , Zhang Xiao‐Meng , Shi Jun‐Yu , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study were to (a) present a novel morphological contour interpolation (MCI) algorithm based method to evaluate grafted bone alterations following guided bone regeneration (GBR), (b) compare clinical and radiological outcomes of GBR with two different collagen membranes.Materials and methodsThe data were retrieved from an ongoing randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: (a) control group (CG): Bio‐Gide (b) test group (TG): bovine dermis‐derived collagen membrane. Cone beam computed tomography examinations were performed 1 week (T0) and 6 months after surgery (T1). PES/WES at T1, grafted bone volume and density changes from T0 to T1 were recorded.ResultsThirty‐six patients (16/20 in test/control group, respectively) were enrolled in the present study. Excellent inter‐observer reliability (ICC ≥ 0.97) was revealed for repeated measurements using this method. Significant volumetric reduction of grafted bone were found in both groups (test group: from 0.60 to 0.39 cm3, p < 0.01; control group: from 0.54 to 0.31 cm3, p < 0.01). Mean bone density (gray‐scale values) significantly increased from 305.12 to 456.69 in CG (p < 0.01). In TG, it slightly increased from 304.75 to 393.27 (p = 0.25). The mean PES/WES values were 13.84 (6.62/7.22) and 13.90 (6.70/7.20) for TG and CG, respectively. As for inter‐group comparison, no significant differences of grafted bone volume change, density change and PES/WES were found between two groups.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, the novel MCI‐based method is a reproducible tool to segment and visualize changes of grafted bone in 3D. Furthermore, both collagen membranes could be used as a barrier membrane for GBR in humans.
Extreme ecological stoichiometry of a bark beetle–fungus mutualism
Authors: Six Diana L. , Elser James J. 
Published: March 2019

1. Ecological stoichiometry theory was applied to investigate how a consumer contends with an extreme elemental mismatch between its food and its body via symbiotic facilitation.2. The beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte develops in bark, a substrate extremely low in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Its survival there depends on interactions with mutualist and antagonist fungi.3. This study found that mutualists transfer N and P from sapwood and phloem into bark, where beetles feed, whereas the antagonist moves these elements only to phloem, resulting in starvation of the insect. However, even with mutualists, N and P concentrations remained low in bark, resulting in low N and extremely low P concentrations in the beetle.4. The N:P ratios found in D. brevicomis larvae were the highest thus far reported for beetles and among the highest for insects and invertebrates. This suggests that the beetle has evolved additional, nutrient‐sparing adaptations.
Farriery for the foal: A review part 1: Basic trimming
Authors: O'Grady S. E. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe extensive nature of this topic warrants this review paper to be divided into two parts: ‘Routine basic trimming in foals’ and ‘Therapeutic farriery in foals’. Hoof care in the first few months of life is serious business and should never be taken lightly. Good farriery is vital for the development of the hoof capsule and the conformation of the limb. Management of the feet and limbs during the juvenile period will often dictate the success of the foal as a sales yearling or mature sound athlete. Overall hoof care of a foal is often a joint venture between the veterinarian and the farrier. Part 1 of this paper will outline the concept of a footcare programme, examination of the foal's feet and limbs along with what constitutes good basic farriery to properly apply the trim. It will also emphasise the importance of maintaining a good veterinarian‐farrier relationship ‐ the farrier being responsible for basic trimming with veterinary oversight when necessary, and if orthopaedic disorders develop, the farrier will have significant input with therapeutic farriery.