bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation and function of IL‐22 in peritoneal adhesion formation after abdominal surgery
Authors: Wang Qingbo , Huang Yongming , Zhou Rui , Wu Ke , Li Wei , Shi Liang , Xia Zefeng , Tao Kaixiong , Wang Guobin , Wang Geng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPeritoneal adhesion occurs frequently after gastrointestinal/gynecological surgery. Tissue repair and regeneration are very important during this process. IL‐22 is an important cytokine that is secreted from immune cells but functions on mesenchymal cells, such as mesothelial cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the roles of IL‐22 and its regulators during adhesion formation. Postsurgical peritoneal drainage fluid from patients and rodent models was examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. It was observed that IL‐22 expression in the abdominal cavity was rapidly induced 12 hours after surgery and then slowly decreased to a lower, steady level for up to 7 days after surgery. However, neutralizing IL‐22 at the time point at which the highest level of expression was observed failed to reduce adhesion, but neutralizing IL‐22 at a later time point, i.e., 3 days after surgery, prevented adhesion significantly. The IL‐22 receptor was induced on the mesothelial membrane, and IL‐22BP, an inhibitor of IL‐22, was reduced 3 days after surgery. Furthermore, IFN‐γ was identified to have the ability to induce IL‐22R, and IL‐18, which was induced by the infiltrating macrophages, was found to inhibit IL‐22BP expression both in vivo and in vitro. Together, these data suggest that IL‐22 may promote adhesion formation and that the regulation of IL‐22, IL‐22R, and IL‐22BP may have therapeutic potential to prevent adhesion formation after surgery without disturbing the normal immune process.
Machine-Learnt Turbulence Closures for Low-Pressure Turbines With Unsteady Inflow Conditions
Authors: Akolekar H. D. , Sandberg R. D. , Hutchins N. , Michelassi V. , Laskowski G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The design of low-pressure turbines (LPTs) must account for the losses generated by the unsteady interaction with the upstream blade row. The estimation of such unsteady wake-induced losses requires the accurate prediction of the incoming wake dynamics and decay. Existing linear turbulence closures (stress–strain relationships), however, do not offer an accurate prediction of the wake mixing. Therefore, machine-learnt, nonlinear turbulence closures (models) have been developed for LPT flows with unsteady inflow conditions using a zonal-based model development approach, with an aim to enhance the wake mixing prediction for unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes calculations. High-fidelity time-averaged and phase-lock averaged data at a realistic isentropic Reynolds number and two reduced frequencies, i.e., with discrete incoming wakes and with wake “fogging,” have been used as reference data for a machine learning algorithm based on gene expression programing to develop models. Models developed via phase-lock averaged data were able to capture the effect of certain prominent physical phenomena in LPTs such as wake–wake interactions, whereas models based on the time-averaged data could not. Correlations with the flow physics lead to a set of models that can effectively enhance the wake mixing prediction across the entire LPT domain for both cases. Based on a newly developed error metric, the developed models have reduced the a priori error over the Boussinesq approximation on average by 45%. This study thus aids blade designers in selecting the appropriate nonlinear closures capable of mimicking the physical mechanisms responsible for loss generation.
Numerical Study of Emission Control of Rural Kitchen for Healthy Environment
Authors: Hamidur Rahman M. , Sadrul Islam A. K. M. , Ruhul Amin M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There is a major health concern for people who use biomass as a fuel for cooking in rural residential kitchens of developing countries. The quality of life is greatly affected due to exposure to exhaust flume. In this study, a typical single-burner conventional stove was used to model a rural kitchen. The overall dimension of the model kitchen is 3.50 m × 2.20 m × 1.85 m. A three-dimensional cfd code was adopted to perform steady-state simulations with appropriate boundary conditions. Numerical accuracy was tested for optimum grid as well. In this study, varying intensity of emissions of CO, CO2, and particulate matter (PM) from different kinds of biofuel burning have been investigated. Dispersions of these pollutants in the kitchen space have been investigated for with and without natural ventilation. The natural ventilation in turn has been investigated with and without hood systems. It has been observed that CO (95 PPM), CO2 (2200 PPM), and PM (750 µg/m3) concentration exceed by significant amount than the safe threshold (Wisconsin Department of Health Services, USA, and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), USA) (CO ≤ 10 PPM, CO2 ≤ 1000 PPM, and PM ≤ 150 µg/m3) for no ventilation case. Even the natural ventilation condition through roof top chimney fails to keep the concentration below the safe limit. Only natural ventilation can reduce CO, CO2, and PM concentrations by 18%, 10%, and 65%, respectively. However, a significant improvement was observed under natural ventilation for the kitchen with the addition of a suction hood along with the roof top chimney. In this exhaust system, the reduction of CO, CO2, and PM10 are seen to be 68%, 55%, and 80%, respectively. Consequently, to overcome the long-term effect of exposure to all harmfull hazardous emissions, it is recommended for any rural kitchen to utilize efficient forced ventilation exhaust system if affordable or an advanced natural ventilation system as proposed in this study utilizing suction hood.
Designing
a Translational Parallel Manipulator Based on the 3SS Kinematic
Joint
Authors: Macho Erik , Urízar Mónica , Petuya Víctor , Hernández Alfonso 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Nowadays, translational parallel manipulators are widely used in industrial applications related to pick and place tasks. In this paper, a new architecture of a translational parallel manipulator without floating prismatic joints and without redundant constraints is presented, which leads to a robust design from the manufacturing and maintenance point of view. The frame configuration has been chosen with the aim of achieving the widest and most regular operational workspace completely free of singularities. Besides, the position equations of the proposed design are obtained in a closed form, as well as the singularity locus. It will be shown that the proposed design owns a very simple kinematics so that the related equations can be efficiently implemented in the control of the robot. In addition, the Jacobian condition number assessment shows that a wide part of the operational workspace is well-conditioned, and also the existence of an isotropic configuration will be proved. Finally, a prototype has been built by following a modular design approach.
Trust and Distrust in Community Sports Work: Tales From the “Shop Floor”
Authors: Gale Laura A. , Ives Ben A. , Potrac Paul A. , Nelson Lee J. 
Published: May 2019

This study addressed the issue of interpersonal trust and distrust in the (sporting) workplace. Data were generated through cyclical, in-depth interviews with 12 community sports coaches. The interview transcripts were subjected to emic and etic readings, with Hardin and Cook’s theorization of (dis)trust and Goffman’s dramaturgical writings providing the primary heuristic devices. Our analysis produced three interconnected themes. These were a) how the participants’ decision to (dis)trust contextual others was based on their perceptions of encapsulated interests, b) those strategies that the participants employed to judge the trustworthiness of colleagues, and c) how the participants’ workplace bonds with coworkers differed according to their perceived trustworthiness. Importantly, this study revealed how interpersonal (dis)trust for these individuals was informed by the pursuit of various professional interests, uncertainty regarding continued employment and career progression, and was subject to ongoing strategic interaction and reflection. Based on these findings, we believe there is much to gain from the micro-level exploration of “how” and “why” sports workers seek to negotiate and manage workplace relationships.
Cycling is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases and death: Part 1 – systematic review of cohort studies with meta-analysis
Authors: Nordengen Solveig , Andersen Lars Bo , Solbraa Ane K , Riiser Amund 
Published: May 2019

Objectives
Physical inactivity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cycling as a physical activity holds great potential to prevent CVD. We aimed to determine whether cycling reduces the risk of CVD and CVD risk factors and to investigate potential dose-response relationships.

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative studies.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies
We searched four databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and Scopus). All quantitative studies, published until August 2017, were included when a general population was investigated, cycling was assessed either in total or as a transportation mode, and CVD incidence, mortality or risk factors were reported. Studies were excluded when they reported continuous outcomes or when cycling and walking were combined in them. We pooled adjusted relative risks (RR) and OR. Heterogeneity was investigated using I.

Results

The search yielded 5174 studies; 21 studies which included 1,069,034 individuals. We found a significantly lower association in combined CVD incidence, mortality and physiological risk factors with total effect estimate 0.78 (95% CI (CI): 0.74–0.82; P<0.001; I
2
=58%). Separate analyses for CVD incidence, mortality and risk factors showed estimates of RR 0.84 (CI, 0.80 to 0.88; P<0.001; I
2
=29%), RR 0.83 (CI, 0.76 to 0.90; P<0.001; I
2
=0%), and OR 0.75 (CI, 0.69 to 0.82; P<0.001; I
2
=66%), respectively. We found no dose-response relationship or sex-specific difference.

Conclusions
Any form of cycling seems to be associated with lower CVD risk, and thus, we recommend cycling as a health-enhancing physical activity.

Systematic review registration
Prospero CRD42016052421.
Urinary adiponectin as a new diagnostic index for chronic kidney disease due to diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yamakado Shinnosuke , Cho Hiroki , Inada Mikio , Morikawa Mika , Jiang Yong-Huang , Saito Kenji , Nakaishi Kazunari , Watabe Satoshi , Takagi Hitomi , Kaneda Mugiho , Nakatsuma Akira , Ninomiya Masaki , Imachi Hitomi , Arai Takeshi , Yoshimoto Takuo , Murao Koji , Chang Jyun-Hao , Chen Shih-Min , Shih Yi-Chen , Zeng Min-Jing , Ke Liang-Yin , Chen Chu-Huang , Yoshimura Teruki , Miura Toshiaki , Ito Etsuro 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely diagnosed on the basis of albuminuria and the glomerular filtration rate. A more precise diagnosis of CKD, however, requires the assessment of other factors. Urinary adiponectin recently attracted attention for CKD assessment, but evaluation is difficult due to the very low concentration of urinary adiponectin in normal subjects.Research design and methodsWe developed an ultrasensitive ELISA coupled with thionicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide cycling to detect trace amounts of proteins, which allows us to measure urinary adiponectin at the subattomole level. We measured urinary adiponectin levels in 59 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 24 subjects without DM (normal) to test our hypothesis that urinary adiponectin levels increase with progression of CKD due to DM.ResultsThe urinary adiponectin levels were 14.88±3.16 (ng/mg creatinine, mean±SEM) for patients with DM, and 3.06±0.33 (ng/mg creatinine) for normal subjects. The threshold between them was 4.0 ng/mg creatinine. The urinary adiponectin levels increased with an increase in the CKD risk. Furthermore, urinary adiponectin mainly formed a medium-molecular weight multimer (a hexamer) in patients with DM, whereas it formed only a low-molecular weight multimer (a trimer) in normal subjects. That is, the increase in urinary adiponectin in patients with DM led to the emergence of a medium-molecular weight form in urine.ConclusionsOur new assay showed that urinary adiponectin could be a new diagnostic index for CKD. This assay is a non-invasive test using only urine, thus reducing the patient burden.
Knowledge of diabetes and its determinants: a cross-sectional study among adults in a Japanese community
Authors: Oba Shino , Yamamoto Mayumi , Horikawa Yukio , Suzuki Eiji , Nagata Chisato , Takeda Jun 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo assess general knowledge of diabetes and its determinants among adult men and women in a Japanese community.SettingA cross-sectional study with the residential registry in Gifu City. Blood tests were conducted to measure fasting blood glucose levels and the levels after 2 hours of a 75-gram oral glucose load. Participants’ previous diagnosis of diabetes and demographic status were identified from a questionnaire. A validated food frequency questionnaire was also administered. To assess the association between good knowledge of diabetes and the level of each factor, a logistic regression was utilised with adjustments for age, education and parental history of diabetes.ParticipantsA total of 1019 men and women aged 40–78 years.Primary outcome measureThe Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire was administered. Participants with ≥75% of answers correct were defined as having a good knowledge of diabetes.ResultsPrevious diagnosis of diabetes was significantly associated with good knowledge of diabetes (OR=2.36; 95% CI 1.19 to 4.68). Among individuals with no previous diagnosis of diabetes, age ≥60 years (OR=0.55; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.86, p value for trend=0.02) and education <12 years (OR=0.54; 95% CI 0.30 to 0.97) were significantly associated with low knowledge of diabetes. The highest tertile intakes of green–yellow vegetables (OR=1.77; 95% CI 1.07 to 2.91, p value for trend=0.03) and seafood (OR=1.76; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.95, p value for trend=0.03) were associated with high knowledge of diabetes.ConclusionsSome diabetes risk factors were implied to determine the general knowledge of diabetes. Conducting further studies of knowledge in various populations is warranted.
What is the clinical impact of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers on final diagnosis and management in patients with mild cognitive impairment in clinical practice? Results from a nation-wide prospective survey in France
Authors: Cognat Emmanuel , Mouton Liger François , Troussière Anne-Cécile , Wallon David , Dumurgier Julien , Magnin Eloi , Duron Emmanuelle , Gabelle Audrey , Croisile Bernard , de la Sayette Vincent , Jager Alain , Blanc Frederic , Bouaziz-Amar Elodie , Miguet-Alfonsi Carole , Quillard Muriel , Schraen Susanna , Philippi Nathalie , Beaufils Emilie , Pasquier Florence , Hannequin Didier , Robert Philippe , Hugon Jacques , Paquet Claire 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesNew diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers that allow diagnosis at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the impact of CSF biomarkers in MCI populations in clinical practice has been poorly evaluated. The objective of this study is to assess the use and impact in clinical practice of AD CSF biomarkers in French memory clinics.DesignWe performed a nation-wide, prospective survey between March 2012 and September 2014. Data over the same period was extracted from the French National Database (Banque Nationale Alzheimer, BNA) and compared with the results of the survey.Setting29 secondary and tertiary memory clinics in France.ParticipantsClinicians prescribing lumbar puncture (LP) in order to measure AD CSF biomarkers. Clinicians completed a two-part questionnaire for each of their patients undergoing LP.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAssessment of diagnosis, level of confidence before and after CSF biomarkers and impact on management in patients who underwent LP for CSF AD biomarkers in clinical routine.Results977 questionnaires were completed, of which 61 were excluded because of unknown initial/final diagnosis or non-contributory CSF results. Of 916 patients reported, 153 (16.7%) had MCI as the initial diagnosis, of which 51 (33.3%) displayed an AD profile. CSF biomarkers resulted in a change in diagnosis in 44 patients (28.8%). Confidence level significantly increased after LP (8.3±1.4vs 6.73±1.18, p<0.0001), and CSF results modified management in 71/156 patients (46.4%), including 36 (23.5%) enrolled in clinical trials. Comparison of change in diagnosis with the BNA population revealed no difference (32.24%, p=0.4).ConclusionThis nation-wide survey, reflecting clinical practice in French memory clinics, describes the impact of CSF AD biomarkers in patients with MCI in clinical practice.
‘I haven’t met them, I don’t have any trust in them. It just feels like a big unknown’: a qualitative study exploring the determinants of consent to use Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority registry data in research
Authors: Carson Claire , Hinton Lisa , Kurinczuk Jenny , Quigley Maria 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo explore why and how fertility patients decide to allow (or deny) the use of personal data held in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority registry for linkage and research.DesignA qualitative study was conducted using in-depth face-to-face interviews and an online survey to garner information on experience and opinions from fertility clinic patients and staff. Verbatim transcripts were analysed using the ‘one sheet of paper’ method to identify themes.SettingWomen and men were recruited between September 2015 and December 2017, via fertility clinics across England and online advertising, then interviewed at a location convenient to them.Participants20 patients and 9 staff were interviewed, 40 patients completed the online survey.ResultsConsent for disclosure (CD) forms are completed at a stressful time, when patients often feel overwhelmed; these forms were considered a low priority. Perceptions of benefit (to individuals, to wider society) and harm (misuse of data, impact of disclosure on child) influenced consent. Important themes included: understanding of the forms; trust in those asking, in researchers, in the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA); and wider attitudes to data use. Issues influencing response, and thus the representativeness of the HFEA data set, were highlighted.ConclusionsUnderstanding what is being asked, and trust in those organisations keeping and using personal data, affects individual decisions to consent to disclosure. Patients were influenced by the wider context of infertility, as well as general concerns about data sharing and security. Low consent rates, which vary by clinic and likely also by patients’ characteristics, have adverse implications for research conducted using HFEA data collected after 2008. Public understanding of data use and security is relatively poor; increased public trust in, and awareness of, research based on routine data could improve consent to data use and reduce the risk of bias.
Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture: psychometric evaluation in Kuwaiti public healthcare settings
Authors: Al Salem Gheed , Bowie Paul , Morrison Jill 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveAs healthcare organisations endeavour to improve the quality and safety of their services, there is increasing recognition of the importance of building a culture of safety to promote patient safety and improve the outcomes of patient care. Surveys of safety culture/climate have not knowingly been conducted in Kuwait public hospitals, nor are valid or reliable survey instruments available for this context. This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the HSOPSC (Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture) tool in Kuwaiti public hospitals in addition to constructing an optimal model to assess the level of safety climate in this setting.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThree public hospitals in Kuwait.ParticipantsAbout 1317 healthcare professionals.Main outcome measureAn adapted and contextualised version of HSOPSC was used to conduct psychometric evaluation including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis reliability and correlation analysis.Results1317 questionnaires (87%) were returned. Psychometric evaluation, showed an optimal model of eight factors and 22 safety climate items. All items have strong factor loadings (0.42–0.86) and are theoretically related. Reliability analysis showed satisfactory results (α >0.60).ConclusionsThis is the first validation study of a standardised safety climate measure in a Kuwaiti healthcare setting. An optimal model for assessing patient safety climate was produced that mirrors other international studies and which can be used for measuring the prevailing safety climate. More importance should be attached to the psychometric fidelity of safety climate questionnaires before extending their use in other healthcare culture and contexts internationally.
Understanding successful development of complex health and healthcare interventions and its drivers from the perspective of developers and wider stakeholders: an international qualitative interview study
Authors: Turner Katrina M , Rousseau Nikki , Croot Liz , Duncan Edward , Yardley Lucy , O’Cathain Alicia , Hoddinott Pat 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveIdentify how individuals involved in developing complex health and healthcare interventions (developers), and wider stakeholders in the endeavour, such as funders, define successful intervention development and what factors influence how interventions are developed.DesignIn-depth interviews with developers and wider stakeholders to explore their views and experiences of developing complex health and healthcare interventions.SettingInterviews conducted with individuals in the UK, Europe and North America.ParticipantsTwenty-one individuals were interviewed: 15 developers and 6 wider stakeholders. Seventeen participants were UK based.ResultsMost participants defined successful intervention development as a process that resulted in effective interventions that were relevant, acceptable and could be implemented in real-world contexts. Accounts also indicated that participants aimed to develop interventions that end users wanted, and to undertake a development process that was methodologically rigorous and provided research evidence for journal publications and future grant applications. Participants’ ambitions to develop interventions that had real-world impact drove them to consider the intervention’s feasibility and long-term sustainability early in the development process. However, this process was also driven by other factors: the realities of resource-limited health contexts; prespecified research funder priorities; a reluctance to deviate from grant application protocols to incorporate evidence and knowledge acquired during the development process; limited funding to develop interventions and the need for future randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to prove effectiveness. Participants expressed concern that these drivers discouraged long-term thinking and the development of innovative interventions, and prioritised evaluation over development and future implementation.ConclusionsTensions exist between developers’ goal of developing interventions that improve health in the real world, current funding structures, the limited resources within healthcare contexts, and the dominance of the RCT for evaluation of these interventions. There is a need to review funding processes and expectations of gold standard evaluation.