bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possibility of a risk‐adapted treatment strategy for untreated aggressive adult T‐cell leukaemia‐lymphoma (ATL) based on the ATL prognostic index: a supplementary analysis of the JCOG9801
Authors: Toyoda Kosuke , Tsukasaki Kunihiro , Machida Ryunosuke , Kadota Tomohiro , Fukushima Takuya , Ishitsuka Kenji , Maruyama Dai , Nagai Hirokazu 
Published: May 2019

SummaryJCOG9801, a randomized phase III trial, reported that vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone (VCAP); doxorubicin, ranimustine and prednisone (AMP); and vindesine, etoposide, carboplatin and prednisone (VECP) (VCAP‐AMP‐VECP; mLSG15) showed superior clinical outcomes when compared to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone every 2 weeks (CHOP‐14; mLSG19) in patients with untreated aggressive adult T‐cell leukaemia‐lymphoma (ATL). To identify patients who require VCAP‐AMP‐VECP, we conducted a supplementary analysis of JCOG9801. Overall, 105 patients were included and categorized into low‐ (n = 44), intermediate‐ (n = 54) and high‐risk (n = 7) groups according to the age‐adjusted ATL prognostic index (ATL‐PI). We excluded the high‐risk group due to small numbers of patients. VCAP‐AMP‐VECP did not show any superior trend for overall survival (OS) in the low‐risk group (hazard ratio: 1·04; 95% confidence interval: 0·54–2·04). Better OS was observed in the intermediate‐risk group treated with VCAP‐AMP‐VECP (hazard ratio: 0·65; 95% confidence interval: 0·36–1·19). In the intermediate‐risk group, the VCAP‐AMP‐VECP arm showed higher complete response rates than the CHOP‐14 arm (44·0% vs. 13·8%). The VCAP‐AMP‐VECP arm in both risk groups exhibited grade 4 thrombocytopenia, while grade 4 neutropenia was only observed in the intermediate‐risk group. VCAP‐AMP‐VECP remains suitable for the intermediate‐risk group, whereas its benefits appear modest in the low‐risk group.
Aβ oligomers trigger and accelerate Aβ seeding
Authors: Katzmarski Natalie , Ziegler‐Waldkirch Stephanie , Scheffler Nina , Witt Christian , Abou‐Ajram Claudia , Nuscher Brigitte , Prinz Marco , Haass Christian , Meyer‐Luehmann Melanie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAggregation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) that leads to the formation of plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurs through the stepwise formation of oligomers and fibrils. An earlier onset of aggregation is obtained upon intracerebral injection of Aβ‐containing brain homogenate into human APP transgenic mice that follows a prion‐like seeding mechanism. Immunoprecipitation of these brain extracts with anti‐Aβ oligomer antibodies or passive immunization of the recipient animals abrogated the observed seeding activity, although induced Aβ deposition was still evident. Here, we establish that, together with Aβ monomers, Aβ oligomers trigger the initial phase of Aβ seeding and that the depletion of oligomeric Aβ delays the aggregation process, leading to a transient reduction of seed‐induced Aβ deposits. This work extends the current knowledge about the role of Aβ oligomers beyond its cytotoxic nature by pointing to a role in the initiation of Aβ aggregation in vivo. We conclude that Aβ oligomers are important for the early initiation phase of the seeding process.
Interleukin‐13 and its signaling pathway is associated with obesity‐related colorectal tumorigenesis
Authors: Matsui Shimpei , Okabayashi Koji , Tsuruta Masashi , Shigeta Kohei , Seishima Ryo , Ishida Takashi , Kondo Takayuki , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Hasegawa Hirotoshi , Shimoda Masayuki , Sugimoto Shinya , Sato Toshiro , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been on the rise, which is linked to the increasing prevalence of obesity, based on global epidemiological evidence. Although chronic inflammation is implicated in tumor development, the mechanisms underlying obesity‐associated CRC remain unknown. Here, we sought to identify the inflammatory cytokines and their roles in obesity‐related colorectal tumorigenesis using cytokine array analyses in a mouse model. Colorectal tumorigenesis was induced through i.p. injection of azoxymethane once a week for 6 weeks in 6‐week‐old female WT C57Black/6J mice and the obesity diabetes model mouse KK/TaJcl, KK‐Ay/TaJcl. The formation of aberrant crypt foci and colorectal tumors were more frequent in obese mice compared with WT mice, and both serum interleukin (IL)‐13 and IL‐13 receptor (R) expression in the normal intestinal mucosal epithelium were significantly increased in the obese mice. Furthermore, addition of IL‐13 to a human CRC cell line and a human colon organoid culture altered the phenotype of intestinal epithelial cells. Knockdown experiments further revealed that IL‐13Rα1 dominantly induced mucosal proliferation. Collectively, These results suggest an association between anti‐inflammatory cytokines and colorectal carcinogenesis, and provide new research directions for cancer prevention strategies. In particular, inflammation provoked by obesity, notably by increased expression of the cytokine IL‐13, could play an important role in the carcinogenesis of obesity‐related CRC.
Long‐term quality of life and sensory impact of great auricular nerve preservation in parotid surgery as measured with the Parotidectomy Outcome Inventory‐8
Authors: Bulut Olcay Cem , Hohenberger Ralph , Oladokun Dare , Odenwald Katharina , Plinkert Peter K. , Federspil Philippe A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate sensory dysfunction resulting from great auricular nerve (GAN) sacrifice versus preservation in parotid surgery for benign lesions and its imact on long‐term health‐related quality of life (QOL).DesignRetrospective.Setting/main outcome measuresParticipants were divided into two groups (GAN and non‐GAN), and both short‐term (two postoperative weeks) and long‐term (at least 5 years) QOL were assessed. The second item of the Parotidectomy Outcome Inventory‐8 (POI‐8) was used to analyse postoperative sensory loss. All items of the POI‐8 questionnaire were used to determine health‐related QOL.We used t test for dependent samples and Mann‐Whitney U‐test to compare patient groupsParticipantsA total of 137 patients (65 male and 72 female) enrolled in this study. Average age at the time of surgery was 53 years (±12.8).ResultsThe GAN preservation group had significantly better sensation than the GAN sacrifice in short term (2.8 vs 2.1; P = 0.017). Both groups experienced improved sensation in the long term, and there was a trend towards better QOL in the GAN‐preservation group. However, the difference in sensation was not statistically significant (1.7 vs 1.3; P = 0.145). Health‐related QOL also increased in the long term (compared to short term) for both groups (7.6 ± 6.2 to 12 ± 7.6; P < 0.0001) postoperatively. GAN preservation did not significantly improve sensation in long term, nor did it increase health‐related QOL postoperatively.ConclusionAlthough GAN preservation was easily feasible, it only improved sensation in short term. We report a negative result: GAN preservation did not significantly improve sensation in long‐term, nor did it increase health‐related QOL postoperatively when compared to GAN sacrifice.
Effectiveness of a brief phone intervention to increase participation in a population‐based colorectal cancer screening programme: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Selva A. , Torà N. , Pascual E. , Espinàs J. A. , Baré M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimAlthough colorectal cancer (CRC) screening reduces mortality and morbidity the uptake in target populations is suboptimal. The aim was to assess whether adding a brief phone intervention to the usual invitation process increases participation in a CRC screening programme based in Catalonia.MethodThis was a non‐blinded prospective randomized control study of patients eligible for their first CRC screening test (immunochemical faecal occult blood test). Between March and December 2017, 512 invitees (age range 50–69 years) were randomized to receiving either a brief informative phone call prior to receiving the standard screening invitation (letter and informative brochure) or the standard screening invitation alone. The primary outcome was participation in the screening programme at 6 months.ResultsIn all, 492/512 patients (54.7% women; 45.3% men) could be analysed (239/256 intervention group; 253/256 control group). On an intention to treat basis, the intervention group (55% women; 45% men) saw an 11% increase in the participation rate (51.05% vs 40.32%, P = 0.017). The intervention was more effective in male patients (50.93% vs 33.91%, P = 0.01) and those patients aged between 50 and 54 years (54.32% vs 37.77%, P = 0.03). After adjusting for sex, age and geographic area, the benefit of the intervention remained statistically significant (adjusted OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07–2.20).ConclusionOur data suggest that a brief, informative intervention by phone in addition to the usual invitation process is effective in increasing participation in a CRC screening programme. It may be a useful strategy to improve uptake in groups which are less likely to participate in CRC screening (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03082911).
Bacteria‐in‐paper, a versatile platform to study bacterial ecology
Authors: Hol Felix J. H. , Whitesides George M. , Dekker Cees 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHabitat spatial structure has a profound influence on bacterial life, yet there currently are no low‐cost equipment‐free laboratory techniques to reproduce the intricate structure of natural bacterial habitats. Here, we demonstrate the use of paper scaffolds to create landscapes spatially structured at the scales relevant to bacterial ecology. In paper scaffolds, planktonic bacteria migrate through liquid‐filled pores, while the paper’s cellulose fibres serve as anchor points for sessile colonies (biofilms). Using this novel approach, we explore bacterial colonisation dynamics in different landscape topographies and characterise the community composition of Escherichia coli strains undergoing centimetre‐scale range expansions in habitats structured at the micrometre scale. The bacteria‐in‐paper platform enables quantitative assessment of bacterial community dynamics in complex environments using everyday materials.
Overcoming Challenges Associated with the Analysis of Nacre by Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Eder Katja , Otter Laura M. , Yang Limei , Jacob Dorrit E. , Cairney Julie M. 
Published: May 2019

In this study atom probe tomography was used to study nacre, an important biocomposite material that is challenging to prepare and analyse by atom probe and, when successful, yields data that is challenging to interpret. It was found that these challenges mainly arise from the insulating and heterogeneous nano‐scale properties of nacre. We outline our current best practice for preparing and running atom probe tips, such as using a low acceleration voltage (< 3 kV) and current (≤ 50 pA) to avoid damage to the microstructure, and using transmission electron microscopy to confirm that the region of interest is located close to the apex of the atom probe tip. Optimisation of the preparation parameters led to several successful atom probe experiments, with one of the data sets containing part of an organic membrane and others showing organic inclusions within the reconstruction.
Dissolution of silica component of glass network at early stage of corrosion in initially silica‐saturated solution
Authors: Ngo Dien , Liu Hongshen , Kaya Huseyin , Chen Zhe , Kim Seong H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCorrosion of glass in silica‐saturated solution has been performed with the assumption that dissolution of silicate species from the glass network would not occur. Using surface‐sensitive analytical techniques, we report experimental evidence suggesting the dissolution of silicate network species from a model nuclear waste glass, called international simple glass (ISG), in an aqueous solution initially saturated with soluble silica species. Results from low energy ion scattering and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal a complete depletion of mobile element species (B, Na) from the ISG surface and an enrichment of Zr on the outmost surface. In support of spectroscopic analyses, results from topographic imaging with atomic force microscopy show a stochastic dissolution of glass surface resulting in a higher surface roughness with increasing corrosion time in aqueous solution. This study shows that a true equilibrium between soluble silica species in the solution phase and silicate species in the glass network could not be warranted by performing corrosion experiments in the solution where dissolved silica species are initially equilibrated with amorphous silica in the presence of KOH. The leaching of mobile species (B, Na) could affect the saturation level of aqueous solution and induce further dissolution of the glass surface.
Preparation of transparent Y2O3 ceramic via gel casting: Realization of high solid volume via surface modification
Authors: Liu Wei , Jin Lingling , Wang Shiwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article, isocyanate was adopted to modify Y2O3 powder for the purpose of preparing transparent Y2O3 ceramics via gel casting. The modification could enhance the hydration resistance of Y2O3 powder through the steric hindrance effect. The coating mechanism can be proved by the infrared spectrum of the surface‐modified Y2O3 powder. Modification could not only prevent Y2O3 particles from reacting with water, but also prevents agglomeration between particles. The viscosity of the slurry with a solid content of 52.7 vol% is only 0.48 Pa·s at the shear rate of 100 s−1, which is suitable for preparing high‐density compacts by gel casting. The transmittance of the sample (1840°C × 8 h, 1 mm thickness) at 1100 nm reaches 75%. The microstructure of the sintered body is dense with the average grain size of 6.5 μm without obvious impurities nor pores. Five mol% ZrO2‐doped Y2O3 transparent ceramic fairing with the diameter of 5 cm without defects was successfully fabricated by gel casting (52.7 vol% solid volume) and vacuum sintering (1840°C × 8 h).
A Humboldtian approach to life and climate of the geological past: Estimating palaeotemperature from dental traits of mammalian communities
Authors: Oksanen Otto , Žliobaitė Indrė , Saarinen Juha , Lawing A. Michelle , Fortelius Mikael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThe links between geo‐ and biodiversity, postulated by Humboldt, can now be made quantitative. Species are adapted to their environments and interact with their environments by having pertinent functional traits. We aim to improve global ecometric models using functional traits for estimating palaeoclimate and apply models to Pleistocene fauna for palaeoclimate interpretation.LocationGlobal at present day, Pleistocene of Europe for fossil data analysis.TaxaArtiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Proboscidea and Primates.MethodsWe quantify functional traits of large mammal communities and develop statistical models linking trait distributions to local climate at present day. We apply these models to the fossil record, survey functional traits, and quantitatively estimate climates of the past. This approach to analysing functional relationships between faunal communities and their environments is called ecometrics.Results and main conclusionsHere, we present new global ecometric models for estimating mean annual and minimum temperature from dental traits of present day mammalian communities. We also present refined models for predicting net primary productivity. Using dental ecometric models, we produce palaeoclimate estimates for 50 Pleistocene fossil localities in Europe and show that the estimates are consistent with trends derived from other proxies, especially for minimum temperatures, which we hypothesize to be ecologically limiting. Our new temperature models allow us to trace the distribution of freezing and non‐freezing ecosystems in the recent past, opening new perspectives on the evolution of cold‐adaptive biota as the Pleistocene cooling progressed.
The contribution of temperature and continental fragmentation to amphibian diversification
Authors: Rolland Jonathan , Condamine Fabien L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimAbiotic factors such as global temperature or continental fragmentation may favour speciation through the ecological and geographical isolation of lineages, but macroevolutionary quantifications of such effect with both fossil and phylogenetic data are rarely performed. Here, we propose to use biogeographical estimations and palaeo‐environmental diversification models to estimate whether and how palaeotemperature and the sequential break‐ups of Pangaea, Gondwana and Laurasia have affected the diversification of amphibians through time.LocationGlobal.MethodsUsing a time‐calibrated phylogeny for 3,309 amphibian species and a genus‐level fossil record, we estimated the diversification rates of the group with birth–death models allowing rates to depend on the temporal variations of the environment. We used estimates of global palaeotemperature and an index of continental fragmentation through time to test the association between speciation and/or extinction rates and past temperature and fragmentation. We also estimated the biogeographical history based on a time‐stratified parametric model informed by the global palaeogeography. We inferred whether vicariance or dispersal events explained the ancient and current geographical distribution of amphibians.ResultsThe diversification analyses on the whole amphibians showed that temperature‐dependent models are better supported than tectonic‐dependent, time‐dependent and constant‐rate models for both the fossil and phylogenetic data. The best‐fitting temperature‐dependent model indicated a positive dependence of both speciation and extinction rates with the temperature through time. Biogeographical analyses indicated a Pangaean origin for amphibians and also showed that allopatric speciation (vicariance) explained important phases of the evolution of geographical ranges in the Mesozoic.Main conclusionsOur results support that palaeotemperatures have positively impacted amphibian diversification. Our study provides additional insights into how to quantify the effect of the landmass fragmentation on the diversification processes and shows with biogeographical reconstruction that continental fragmentation is linked to allopatric speciation in the early history of the clade.
Recognizing and interpreting vegetational belts: New wine in the old bottles of a von Humboldt's legacy
Authors: Fattorini Simone , Di Biase Letizia , Chiarucci Alessandro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince von Humboldt, recognizing and using elevational subdivisions is at the core of biogeographical and ecological studies in mountain ecosystems. However, despite the large use of vegetational belts, their conceptual definition and practical identification appear to be surprisingly loose and inconsistent. Many authors use variations in climatic conditions to identify elevational belts. These belts are useful to set a framework for ecological studies but cannot be considered a surrogate of vegetational belts, because factors different from climate play a major role in determining the distribution of plant assemblages. Vegetation physiognomy can be used to identify ‘biome‐type’ belts that are useful for comparisons across geographical areas with different floras. However, to properly reflect ecological conditions at local scale, vegetational belts should be based on species composition. One of the most effective statistical approaches for this purpose is the use spatially constrained cluster analysis. The use of indicator species analysis may be also recommended to identify the species that most characterize vegetational belts. This can help researchers to identify belts in the field. Since species identification can be difficult, some authors use plant functional types for belt delimitation. Plant functional types can be helpful to trace the adaptative responses of vegetation along elevational gradients, but cannot be recommended as a standard way to identify belts. In general, criteria to identify vegetational belts can be based on both vegetation structure (namely physiognomy and structural parameters) and/or species composition, depending on the scale and the aim of the analyses, and they should be clearly stated.
Adhesion behavior of conventional and high‐translucent zirconia: Effect of surface conditioning methods and aging using an experimental methodology
Authors: Ruales‐Carrera Edwin , Cesar Paulo F. , Henriques Bruno , Fredel Márcio C. , Özcan Mutlu , Volpato Claudia A. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the adhesive behavior of conventional and high‐translucent zirconia after surface conditioning and hydrothermal aging.Materials and MethodsConventional (ZrC) and high‐translucent zirconia (ZrT) specimens were divided into six groups: without surface treatment (ZrC and ZrT), air‐borne particle abrasion with 50‐μm Al2O3 sized particles (ZrC‐AO and ZrT‐AO), and tribochemical treatment with 30‐μm silica modified Al2O3 sized particles (ZrC‐T and ZrT‐T). Zirconia specimens were treated using an MDP‐containing universal adhesive and bonded to two resins blocks with an adhesive luting cement. Microbar specimens with cross‐sectioned areas of 1 mm2 were achieved. Half of the microbars were subjected to hydrothermal aging. Bond strength was evaluated by microtensile bond strength test and statistically evaluated by the Weibull analysis.ResultsRoughness of the ZrC‐AO and ZrT‐AO groups were statistically higher. Bond strength analysis revealed higher bond strength for ZrC‐AO and ZrC‐T groups compared to ZrT‐AO and ZrT‐T, respectively. Mixed failure was the most frequent for the mechanically treated groups, while no cohesive failures were obtained.ConclusionLower values of bond strength were obtained for the mechanically treated high‐translucent zirconia groups when compared to their conventional zirconia counterparts. Mechanical surface treatment significantly improved the bond strength to conventional and high‐translucent zirconia.Clinical SignificanceMechanical surface treatment (air‐borne particle abrasion or tribochemical treatment) associated with the use of universal adhesives containing MDP could provide a durable bonding to conventional and high‐translucent zirconia.
Food safety in Thailand 6: How to eat guava fruits safely? Effects of washing and peeling on removing pesticide residues in guava fruits
Authors: Wanwimolruk Chonthicha , Phopin Kamonrat , Wanwimolruk Sompon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPesticide residues in produce are not commonly monitored in developing countries. This study aims to determine whether washing and peeling has an effect on removing pesticide residues from guava fruits. Seventy‐five guava samples were purchased from Thai markets, and analyzed for 67 pesticides. Eighteen pesticides were detected in the guava samples. The incidence of pesticide detection was 100% with a MRL exceedance of 95% in the guava studied. Washing the guava was not effective at removing pesticide residues, while, peeling the fruits provided the most effective way to remove pesticide residues. Thus, to safely consume guava, it is advisable to peel the fruit before eating it.Practical applicationsThere is increasing public concern over the potential health risks associated with the pesticide residues found in food. Very high pesticide residue levels were detected in guava fruits. Washing is thought to be effective at removing the pesticide residues. However, this study has shown that this is not the case as washing the guava fruits with running water method had no effect on pesticide residue removal. Whereas, peeling was the most effective way to remove pesticide residue. Thus, to be safe, consumers are advised to peel guava fruits before eating the fruits.