bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of p57KIP2 compared with genotyping to diagnose complete hydatidiform mole: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Madi JM , Braga A , Paganella MP , Litvin IE , Wendland EM 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundDistinguishing hydatidiform moles (HMs) from nonmolar specimens and the subclassification of HM are important because complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is associated with an increased risk of development of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. However, diagnosis based solely on morphology has poor inter‐observer reproducibility. Recent studies have demonstrated that the use of p57KIP2 immunostaining improves diagnostic accuracy for CHM.ObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of p57KIP2 immunostaining compared with molecular genotyping for the diagnosis of CHM.Search strategyMajor databases were searched from inception to March 2017 using the terms ‘hydatidiform mole’, ‘p57’, and ‘genotyping’, with their variations, and the search limit for the relevant study design.Selection criteriaAny cross‐sectional study, case series, case–control study, cohort study, or clinical trial that evaluated the accuracy of p57KIP2 immunostaining for the diagnosis of CHM compared with genotyping was included. Case reports, narrative reviews, expert opinions, and animal testing were excluded.Data collection and analysisExtracted accuracy data were tabulated and pooled using a hierarchical bivariate random effects model.Main resultsBivariate meta‐analysis produced a summary sensitivity of 0.984 (95% CI: 0.916–1.000) and specificity of 0.625 (95% CI: 0.503–0.736) with significant heterogeneity for specificity (I2 = 71.8, chi‐square P = 0.029). The pooled summary diagnostic odds ratio was 56.54 (95% CI: 11.03–289.74) with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0.00%, chi‐square P = 0.67). The diagnostic performance of the test was high with an area under the curve of (AUC) 0.980.Conclusionsp57KIP2 immunostaining is accurate when diagnosing CHM. It can be used as an adjunct test in a combination algorithmic approach.Tweetable abstractA meta‐analysis to evaluate the accuracy of p57KIP2 compared with genotyping to diagnose CHM.
The Relationship between Costs and Quality in Veterans Health Administration Community Living Centers: An Analysis Using Longitudinal Data
Authors: Burgess James F. , Shwartz Michael , Stolzmann Kelly , Sullivan Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between cost and quality in Veterans Health Administration (VA) nursing homes (called Community Living Centers, CLCs) using longitudinal data.Data Sources/Study SettingOne hundred and thirty CLCs over 13 quarters (from FY2009 to FY2012) were studied. Costs, resident days, and resident severity (RUGs score) were obtained from the VA Managerial Cost Accounting System. Clinical quality measures were obtained from the Minimum Data Set, and resident‐centered care (RCC) was measured using the Artifacts of Culture Change Tool.Study DesignWe used a generalized estimating equation model with facilities included as fixed effects to examine the relationship between total cost and quality after controlling for resident days and severity. The model included linear and squared terms for all independent variables and interactions with resident days.Principal FindingsWith the exception of RCC, all other variables had a statistically significant relationship with total costs. For most poorer performing smaller facilities (lower size quartile), improvements in quality were associated with higher costs. For most larger facilities, improvements in quality were associated with lower costs.ConclusionsThe relationship between cost and quality depends on facility size and current level of performance.
Post‐operative stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of intracranial haemangiopericytoma: ‘A Study of Dose and Outcome’
Authors: Nair Rohan , Panettieri Vanessa , Chang Joe H , Dally Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study was performed to assess the relationship between tumour response and radiation dose in equivalent 2 Gy per fraction (EQD2).MethodA retrospective cohort analysis of 21 patients with a diagnosis of intracranial haemangiopericytoma between 2000 and 2013 was included in this study. A total of 39 lesions were analysed. The equivalent dose in 2 Gy per fraction was calculated by assigning an alpha–beta ratio of 12 Gy. A paired t‐test compared dose (EQD2) and tumour response, and as the outcome was binary, a logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsIn total, there were 14 cases of progression and 25 cases of non‐progression. It was estimated that for a one unit increase in EQD2, the odds of non‐progression were increased by a factor of 1.13 (P = 0.026). After adjusting for PTV volume, the estimated effect of EQD2 (min) on tumour response was stronger, with an estimated odds ratio of 1.36 for an increase of one unit and an odds ratio of 21.6 for an increase of 10 units (P = 0.015). The dose range varied with varying PTV volumes. Based on the logistic model, the probability of having non‐progression is larger than 50% for EQ2Dmin doses larger than 30–40 Gy, in particular for volumes larger than 3.67 cm3.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that there is a relationship between dose (EQD2) and outcome. With increasing dose, the likelihood of regression is higher. When adjusted for PTV volume, the response appeared stronger. The dose varied significantly with changes in the size of the PTV.
Sustainability of the accounting and finance academic profession: students’ and supervisors’ views about the PhD supervision process
Authors: Unda Luisa A. , Khosa Amrinder , Burch Steven , Wilkin Carla 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study explores the research supervisory practices of accounting and finance PhD students at Australian and New Zealand universities. Given documented faculty shortages in the accounting and finance disciplines, such investigation is timely and relevant. In the context of student engagement with their community of academic practice and their intrinsic motivation related to individual competence and autonomy, situational adjustments are inevitable and explain some differences between students’ perceptions and supervisors’ expectations. Our findings demonstrate that, despite general satisfaction with the PhD supervision process, students articulated concerns regarding constructive feedback and pastoral care provided by their supervisors, as well as guidance regarding data analysis/statistics.
Bat activity before and after a severe wildfire in Pilliga forests: Resilience influenced by fire extent and landscape mobility?
Authors: Law Bradley , Doty Anna , Chidel Mark , Brassil Traecey 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWildfires are becoming increasingly severe and common in many parts of the world, yet their effects on certain taxa remain poorly studied. In November 2006, a major wildfire occurred in the Pilliga forests of north‐west New South Wales, Australia. This fire was severe and extensive, burning more than 120 000 ha. Prior to the fire, we conducted a study in the affected area assessing bat activity in relation to flyway size and riparian zones, allowing us to opportunistically compare before – and – after effects of wildfire on bats in burnt and unburnt areas. We assessed how bat activity and bat composition changed from 1 year pre‐fire to 1 year post‐fire and 4 years post‐fire, accounting for the effects of flyway size. A BACI analysis showed that there was an effect of time (year) on bat activity, with activity markedly reduced in both burnt and unburnt sites in the year post‐ fire, before recovering 4‐years post‐fire to levels that approached pre‐burn activity. However, there was no treatment or interaction effect, indicating fire alone did not affect bat activity at our sites. Activity was 50% lower at supplementary sites more remote (~5 km) from the fire edge. Multi‐dimensional scaling and permanova described a strong effect of year but no evidence of fire or stream size‐mediated effects on species composition. The drop in activity post‐fire coincided with a period of drought that subsequently broke in the year prior to our survey 4 years post‐fire. Some species‐specific responses to the fire were evident and depended on the proximity to unburnt forest. We suggest the potential for landscape re‐assortment, whereby some species may move from the unburnt landscape into the burnt landscape, possibly in response to a resource pulse of insects. A landscape pattern of movement could obscure the detection of direct fire effects on mobile bats. We suggest fire extent, proximity to unburnt vegetation and severity are key considerations when interpreting the response of bats to wildfire.
Changes in bird assemblages in a wetland ecosystem after 14 years of intensified cattle farming
Authors: Sica Yanina V. , Gavier‐Pizarro Gregorio I. , Pidgeon Anna M. , Travaini Alejandro , Bustamante Javier , Radeloff Volker C. , Quintana Rubén D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman activities have modified wetlands all over the word. Water control structures that are frequently implemented in these ecosystems to keep lands free of flooding can decrease or degrade habitat for biodiversity. The Paraná River Delta, one of the largest wetlands in Argentina, has recently experienced rapid cattle grazing intensification facilitated by water control structures, resulting in extensive conversion of wetlands to pastures. It is unclear if this loss of wetlands has had a negative impact on the highly diverse bird community. Here, we evaluated the changes in bird assemblages in the Lower Delta of Paraná River after 14 years of cattle grazing intensification. We compared point count data from 1997 to 1999 with data collected in 2012 and 2013 using the same survey methods. We assessed the temporal changes in bird richness and composition using paired permutation tests and multivariate analysis. We related the bird composition to landscape changes to analyse if avian changes were associated with landscape dynamics. We found that after 14 years, the bird community differed greatly. In general, species richness decreased, especially in wet years. We found fewer wetland species in recent surveys; in particular we did not register saffron‐cowled blackbird (Xanthopsar flavus), a species listed as globally vulnerable. Changes in bird composition were associated with an increase in bare soil due to land‐use changes. Even though inter‐annual differences in precipitation and river stage have great effects on the species present in the surveys, the absence of many wetland species in recent wet years, that is when habitat is suitable for them, is most likely due to changes in land cover. Globally, agricultural land use makes inroads into many wetlands, eroding their quality and extent. Maintenance of wetland species requires that conservation efforts focus on these vulnerable ecosystems before full‐scale land conversion occurs.
IL‐3–producing basophils are required to exacerbate airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine inflammatory model
Authors: Rignault‐Bricard R. , Machavoine F. , Mecheri S. , Hermine O. , Schneider E. , Dy M. , Leite‐de‐Moraes M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundBasophils are commonly associated with allergic responses because of their ability to produce large amounts of pro‐Th2 cytokines and histamine. However, the mechanisms through which bone marrow‐resident basophils (BMRB) become fully competent cytokine and histamine producers in response to IgE crosslinking are poorly understood. Here, we sought to determine the role of IL‐3 in promoting pro‐Th2 basophils.MethodsBMRB and basophils exposed to IL‐3 in vitro and in vivo were evaluated for their production of Th2 cytokines and histamine in response to FcεRI crosslinking on both protein and gene expression levels. In vivo relevance of our findings was assessed in a model of ovalbumin‐induced allergic asthma using IL‐3–deficient and wild‐type mice in a protocol of adoptive basophil transfer.ResultsWe show that BMRB and basophils previously exposed to IL‐3 differ in their ability to generate cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐13, and GM‐CSF) and histamine in response to FcεRI crosslinking, reflecting two stages of maturation. Exposure to IL‐3 initiated an autocrine loop of endogenous IL‐3 production that enhanced histamine and cytokine production upon FcεRI crosslinking. This increased responsiveness required calcium flux and was dependent on calcineurin and store‐operated calcium channels. Our findings are of pathophysiological relevance, as assessed by the failure of IL‐3–deficient mice to develop airway hyperreactivity, which could be restored by adoptive transfer of IL‐3–derived basophils recovered from wild‐type mice.ConclusionIL‐3–dependent basophils promote Th2 allergic AHR, which designates the IL‐3/basophil axis as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of basophil‐dependent asthma.
Lifetime number of years of menstruation as a risk index for postmenopausal endometrial cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study
Authors: Gavrilyuk Oxana , Braaten Tonje , Weiderpass Elisabete , Licaj Idlir , Lund Eiliv 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionLifetime number of years of menstruation (LNYM) reflects a woman's cumulative exposure to endogenous estrogen and can be used as a measure of the combined effect of reproductive factors related to endometrial cancer (EC) risk.Material and methodsWe aimed to study the association between LNYM and EC risk among postmenopausal women and calculate the population attributable fraction of EC for different LNYM categories. Our study sample consisted of 117 589 women from the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study. All women were aged 30‐70 years at enrollment and completed a baseline questionnaire between 1991 and 2006. Women were followed up for EC to December 2014 through linkages to national registries. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsIn all, 720 women developed EC. We found a statistically significant, positive dose‐response relationship between LNYM and EC, with a 9.1% higher risk for each additional year of LNYM (P for trend < .001). Using the LNYM category ≥40 as a reference, the hazard ratios for LNYM <25, 25‐29, 30‐34, 35‐39 were 0.17 (95% CI 0.22‐0.27), 0.25 (95% CI 0.17‐0.36), 0.43 (95% CI 0.32‐0.58), and 0.68 (95% CI 0.51‐0.92), respectively. The association between LNYM and EC was independent of incomplete pregnancies, menopausal hormone therapy, diabetes, and body mass index. When considering the population attributable fraction, 67% of EC was estimated to be attributable to LNYM ≥25 years.ConclusionsOur study supports that increasing LNYM is an important and independent predictor of EC risk.
Reducing the number of obstetrical beds by challenging traditions
Authors: Salvig Camilla D. , Storkholm Marie H. , Salvig Jannie D. , Uldbjerg Niels 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this commentary is to describe changes in women’s care at an obstetric department that made it possible to reduce the number of beds from 40 to 29. Patient pathways were reviewed and revised using lean methodology. The mean length of stay was reduced from 70 to 59 h and the mean numbers of hospitalizations per woman from 1.26 to 1.20. At the organizational level, we introduced a Family Department, home management of newborns, home monitoring of the women with cardiotocography and blood samples, and intrapartum Group B Streptococcus‐PCR. Additionally, an After Birth Clinic and network meetings for vulnerable women were established. In patient pathway, we reduced the hospitalization indicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes, preeclampsia and observation after birth laceration. According to National Patient Satisfaction surveys, there was no decrease in women’s satisfaction after reducing the number of beds.
Cognitive and functional deficits in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia as a function of the presence and history of psychosis
Authors: Bowie Christopher R , Best Michael W , Depp Colin , Mausbach Brent T , Patterson Thomas L , Pulver Ann E , Harvey Philip D 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder overlap considerably. Schizophrenia is a primary psychotic disorder, whereas approximately half of people with bipolar disorder will experience psychosis. In this study, we examined the extent to which cognitive and functional impairments are related to the presence and history of psychosis across the two disorders.MethodA total of 633 participants with bipolar disorder I, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective disorder were recruited for a study on the genetics of cognition and functioning in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Participants were classified into five groups: bipolar disorder with current psychosis (N = 30), bipolar disorder with a history of psychosis (N = 162), bipolar disorder with no history of psychosis (N = 92), schizophrenia with current psychosis (N = 245), and schizophrenia with past psychosis (N = 104).ResultsCognitive profiles of all groups were similar in pattern; however, both current psychosis (P < .02) and a diagnosis of schizophrenia (P < .03) were associated with greater impairment. Schizophrenia with current psychosis was also associated with a superimposed severe impairment in processing speed. Both psychosis (P < .03) and schizophrenia diagnosis (P < .01) were associated with poorer functional competence. Individuals with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia experienced similar impairments in real‐world functioning if they were experiencing current psychosis (P = .32).ConclusionThe presence of active psychosis is an important cross‐diagnostic factor in cognition and functioning in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Characterization and treatment of cognition and functional deficits in bipolar disorder should consider the effects of both current and history of psychosis.
Double trouble: Weekend sleep changes are associated with increased impulsivity among adolescents with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Gershon Anda , Johnson Sheri L , Thomas Leigh , Singh Manpreet K 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesBoth sleep disruption and impulsivity are important predictors of the course of bipolar disorder (BD). Although sleep disruption has been shown to intensify impulsivity, little research has considered how these two important domains interact within BD. Adolescence is a critical period for the onset of BD, and is often associated with increases in impulsivity and substantial changes in sleep. We tested the hypothesis that disruptions in sleep would increase impulsivity among adolescents, and that this effect would be more pronounced among those with BD.MethodsThirteen‐ to nineteen‐year‐olds diagnosed with BD‐I (n = 33, age [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] 16.2 ± 1.66 years, 54.5% female) and psychiatrically healthy controls (n = 26, age [mean ± SD] 15.5 ± 1.45 years, 55.6% female) reported their past‐week bedtime, rise time, and sleep duration, separately for school days and weekends, and completed a self‐report questionnaire on impulsivity. Stepwise regression was used to examine the effects of sleep on impulsivity, and the moderation of this effect by BD status.ResultsAdolescents with BD reported significantly higher impulsivity, later and more variable rise time, and more variable time in bed and sleep duration on school days than did controls. Greater change in sleep duration between school days and weekends was associated with significantly more impulsivity among adolescents with BD as compared to controls.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the important effect of sleep on impulsivity among adolescents with BD and add to the growing evidence that establishing sleep routines may be an important therapeutic target for youth with BD.
Guideline of guidelines: bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Malde Sachin , Palmisani Stefano , Al‐Kaisy Adnan , Sahai Arun 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesBladder pain syndrome (BPS) is a debilitating condition which can be difficult to diagnose and treat due to the lack of consensus on aetiology, definition, and management. The aim of this review is to summarise the findings from major national and international guidelines on the management of BPS, highlighting areas of disagreement and uncertainty.MethodsWe performed a Medline/PubMed search from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2017 in order to identify relevant guidelines addressing BPS/interstitial cystitis. We also manually searched the websites of major national and international societies. The following guidelines were included in this review: European Association of Urology, American Urological Association, International Society for the Study of BPS, International Consultation on Incontinence, International Continence Society, East Asian guideline, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/British Society of Urogynaecology, and the Canadian Urological Association.ResultsThere is disagreement between guidelines on the exact definition of BPS and the nomenclature to use to describe this condition. However, all agree that the diagnosis is dependent on the presence of pain, pressure, or discomfort, in addition to at least one urinary symptom, in the absence of other diseases that could cause pain. Exclusion of other pathology that could cause similar symptoms requires thorough evaluation, and is recommended in all guidelines. There is also disparity in the recommended diagnostic investigation of BPS, with hydrodistension and bladder biopsy either recommended, considered optional, or not recommended, by different guidelines. It is accepted that BPS can be diagnosed clinically, without invasive investigation, but cystoscopy and diagnostic hydrodistension aids sub‐typing of patients and may help direct treatment strategies. Patients should be phenotyped in order to direct multimodal treatment (including behavioural, physical, emotional, and psychological therapy), and treatments should follow a stepwise approach starting with the most conservative. Although widely performed, hydrodistension as a therapeutic strategy has a limited evidence base and is unlikely to provide long‐term resolution of symptomsConclusionThere are multiple national and international guidelines for the diagnosis and management of BPS, and this review has highlighted the differences in nomenclature, definitions, and recommended diagnostic tests between guidelines. The overall evidence base for the majority of treatments for BPS/IC is of low‐quality, and larger randomised trials are required to more accurately inform guideline recommendations and clinical management of this complex group of patients.