bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Oil and Gas Chat Bots Are Coming
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: January 2019

Meet Sandy, Nesh, and Ralphie. They are newborn chat bot programs that have been designed specifically to seek out the answers to oil and gas professionals’ tough questions.
These bots, also termed virtual assistants, stem from a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) known as natural language processing (NLP), which has quickly entered the mainstream thanks to the efforts of tech giants Amazon, Apple, and Google.
Their software innovations have enabled many millions of people to engage in dialogue with laptops, smartphones, and speakers. Consumers are using NLP mostly inside their homes for simple requests; music and weather reports round out the top two uses in one recent survey.
But there is now a push to get this technology into the world’s offices where it has the potential to increase worker efficiency. This market test is just barely under way in the oil and gas business where adoption will hinge on a virtual assistant’s ability to quickly generate reliable assessments of complex issues involving reservoirs, seismic data, and well logs.
And like many nascent developments in the digital arena, the technology’s capabilities will also depend on the amount of training it receives from its earliest users.
These first movers are among those vying for the chance to make chat bots an essential part of the upstream sector’s future.
Nesh
Houston-based startup Nesh has created a virtual assistant by the same name to help industry analysts and engineering techs build intelligence reports. The firm is in the middle of pilot projects with a European operator and one of the largest US shale producers.
Sidd Gupta is the chief executive officer and started the company last year after spending most of his career with Schlumberger, including a stint on one of its software teams. Gupta acknowledged that chat bots have been criticized in the past for being “dumb things” that can only complete a rigid set of pre-programmed steps.
Next-generation chat bots like Nesh aim to reverse this perception with more advanced programming that fetches data for inquisitive users from multiple, usually disconnected, sources.
Gupta drew inspiration for the new venture from a few sources, but one in particular exposed the need for a chat bot technology that could make using complex oil and gas software a more intuitive experience. After a friend was laid off during the recent downturn from his role as a reservoir engineer, Gupta said he was turned down for a job that seemed like a perfect fit, with just one exception: the friend was trained on a different reservoir simulator than what was used by the prospective firm.
“I thought that was a very weird reason to reject someone for a technical role,” he said. “I realized that this was a very systemic issue in the oil and gas industry—we judge people’s technical capabilities based on what software they can use.”
Q&A: An Interview With Visuray CEO Kambiz Safinya
Authors: Donnelly John 
Published: January 2019

Q&A
How did your company get started?
Visuray was born out of a simple desire to help oil companies see inside their wells, thereby eliminating downtime on rigs where each moment of uncertainty translates to thousands of dollars lost. Conventional imaging in wells is fraught with issues, not least being the fact that most wells are filled with opaque fluid. The solution has been to use X-rays that pass through all types of well fluids and then to use the back-scattered X-rays to produce 2D and 3D images of the downhole hardware, even in the most opaque and troublesome well environments.
With start-up funds from Statoil, BP, and Shell, we first developed the foundation for our technology. In 2005, the first successful laboratory image was taken through mud. Two years later in 2007, a prototype 4m long and 9 in. in diameter was run in the Ullrigg test well just outside Stavanger. This prompted a second round of funding by our JIP partners. In early 2015, after 7 years and $90 million of investment, a 35/8-in. commercial wireline tool, called the VR90, was successfully tested in a well in Germany.
How big is your company now?
Visuray comprises a team of 60 professionals from 20 countries, who have developed the world’s first downhole X-ray platform. Visuray has developed cutting-edge technology and proprietary processes to deliver electronically produced radiation in an oil well at unprecedented levels of brightness in a perfectly safe manner. Coupled with the most sensitive high-temperature, solid state X-ray detectors, Visuray can see and diagnose problems inside oil wells with millimetric accuracy. The first commercial product stemming from the downhole platform is the VR90 downhole X-ray diagnostic tool. It has proven itself in the field with 100% successful jobs conducted in North America, Europe, and the Middle East since 2015.
What’s next for Visuray?
After doing some 20 jobs from North America to the Middle East, the VR90 has reached a significant level of maturity and proven success, and the downhole X-ray platform (DXP) is now proving capable of providing a range of services. In the last 6 months, the VR90 has done 10 times as many jobs as it did in the previous 6-month period. So, you can say the uptake is increasing and is now limited only by the number of tools in our fleet. These tools are now being built at our product center in Katy, Texas and we are ramping up production to be able to service the demand in the market.
Technology Focus: Drilling Innovation (February 2019)
Authors: Weatherl Michael H. 
Published: January 2019

Technology Focus
From the beginning, the name of the game has been innovation. No single word has characterized drilling design and operations more completely during the 160 years since Colonel Drake first probed the Pennsylvania landscape for oil. This fundamental aspect of our business applies now more than ever across geographical and corporate boundaries.
Examples of evolution in well construction during the past several years include new horizontal-well applications, breakthroughs in bit and directional-drilling technology, synthetic fluids, fracture-stimulation advancements, managed-pressure drilling, and the digital revolution.
All this being said, few could have imagined the present state of the industry unfolding with the development of unconventional resources. During the past 7 years alone, US oil production has again become a dominant global force, doubling from 5.5 million to more than 11 million B/D. Even greater effects on gas reserves have been realized with the expansion of infrastructure to deliver a rising tide of new gas production to consumers. Around the globe, the ultimate benefits of these current trends remain to be seen as new reserves continue to be identified within most of the world’s oil- and gas-producing regions.
Papers selected for this feature serve as superb examples of drilling evolution in a variety of locations, including US onshore, offshore Thailand, deepwater Gulf of Mexico, Sakhalin Island, and the North Sea. In each case, evolution in well design, equipment, and operational procedures has occurred, resulting in dramatic advancements in technical feasibility, efficiency, and safety. Paper SPE 191783, “Drilling Extended Laterals in the Marcellus Shale,” reveals advancements underpinning new unconventional production in that area as well as in the Permian Basin, the Bakken, the Eagle Ford, and the Utica fields. Successful results published by international and offshore operators in Papers SPE 191054 and OTC 29065 highlight not simply new tools or procedures but also far-reaching breakthroughs that fundamentally alter the outlook and value of these types of assets. Papers referenced in the pages that follow offer but a glimpse into a greater library and wealth of knowledge available to SPE readers desiring to remain connected with drilling innovations.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 191090 Simultaneously Drilling and Underreaming Directional Topholes With Underreamer Below Mud Motor Saves a Trip in Collision-Free Operations: Offshore Sakhalin Island Case Study by Ruslan Kasumov, Schlumberger, et al.
IADC/SPE 191099 Complete Managed-Pressure-Drilling Rigs: Is This the Future? by Ben Gedge, PVD Well Service, et al.
SPE 191331 Drilling a Challenging Kvitebjørn Field 53/4-in. Section in a Single Run Using a New Mud-Motor-Modeling Engineering Work Flow and New Long-Life Elastomer by Hany Ahmed Beeh, Schlumberger, et al.
SPE 191338 Out-of-Zone Injection by A. Galiev, PJSC Tatneft, et al.
Urea‐Based Fertilizer as an Efficient Nitrogen Source in Perennial Cool‐Grass Forage Production
Authors: Gagnon Bernard , Ziadi Noura , Bélanger Gilles , Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Parent Gaétan 
Published: January 2019

Core Ideas

Annual forage grass yields with spring‐applied polymer‐coated urea, a blend of 50% polymer‐coated urea and 50% urea, and urea treated with a urease inhibitor (NBPT) were similar to those with calcium ammonium nitrate.
Forage grass yields and N and nitrate concentrations were highest with NBPT‐treated urea in spring growth and with polymer‐coated urea in summer regrowth.
Economic return was greatest with NBPT‐treated urea and a blend of 50% polymer‐coated urea and 50% urea.
Urea‐N fertilizers are widely used in agriculture but the efficiency of different forms has yet to be quantified for cool‐season forage grasses grown in northern areas. In a study conducted in eastern Canada during three growing seasons (2014–2016), polymer‐coated controlled release urea (PCU), a blend of 50% PCU and 50% urea, and urea treated with an inhibitor of urease (Urea+NBPT) broadcast in early spring were compared with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) broadcast in spring (60%) and after the first harvest (40%) on two timothy (Phleum pratense L.) fields with contrasting soil textures (clay and loam). Fertilizers were added at rates of 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg N ha−1 and compared with an N‐unfertilized control. The three urea‐based fertilizers resulted in similar annual forage dry matter (DM) yields than CAN on the two soil types but in different forage DM yield seasonal distribution. The highest DM yield in spring growth was achieved with PCU/Urea and Urea+NBPT, while DM yields were the lowest with PCU in spring growth but highest in summer regrowth. Annual forage DM yields increased with increasing N rates for all fertilizers in both soils. Concentrations of forage N, nitrates, and non‐protein fractions were highest in spring growth after the spring application of 200 kg N ha−1 as Urea+NBPT in both soils. The N sources did not affect forage digestibility and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration. Economic return was the highest for Urea+NBPT and PCU/Urea. Therefore, these urea‐based fertilizers constitute valuable alternatives to CAN for grass‐based forages under eastern Canada conditions.
Real‐Time Estimates ofEscherichia coliConcentrations Using Ultraviolet‐Visible Spectrometers
Authors: Etheridge J. Randall , Randolph Morgan , Humphrey Charlie 
Published: January 2019

Substantial effort has been invested in the development and testing of methods to rapidly measure the concentration of indicator bacteria in recreational waters. These efforts are driven by the need to quickly determine whether waters are contaminated and may pose excessive public health risks. In situ ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectrometers have been used to monitor levels of multiple contaminants in surface waters by relating the absorption spectra to the measured concentrations using regression models. In this study, three different regression models were tested to see if spectroscopy could be used to rapidly predictEscherichia coliconcentrations in a freshwater stream. The regression models did not produce acceptable results when tested for all of the samples collected during an 11‐mo period (R2< 0.2). When divided into multiple subsets based on temperature, concentration, or rainfall, models produced adequate results for subsets of samples collected in the cooler months (R2= 0.72) or on days when rainfall occurred (R2= 0.58). Pairing a UV‐vis spectrometer with regression models did not result in a model that could be used to estimateE. colilevels throughout the year, but the results promote further testing of this method when flow data is available in freshwaters, on beaches where rainfall causes elevated bacteria levels, and in shellfish growing waters.Core IdeasCurrent methods of measuring indicator bacteria can take hours to receive results.UV‐vis spectrometers have the potential to estimate concentrations in seconds.This method predictedE. coliconcentrations in a freshwater stream in cool months.Predictions outside of the cool months were not accurate.The method should be tested for other indicator bacteria and in saltwater.
Reducing bend scour using in-phase and out-of-phase hydraulic jets
Authors: Tamoradi Zeinab , Ahadiyan Javad , Najarchi Mohsen , Hasounizadeh Houshang , Najafizadeh Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of a new method of reducing scour in river bends. In this method, a perforated tube was placed along the bend on the bed and water and air were separately injected into the bend flow from both ends of the tube. The goal was to make a water and air screen to block secondary flows and prevent them from reaching the outer bank. The air jet and water jet injection modes changed the location of maximum scour depth from the outer wall to the middle of the bend, which increased the navigable width. Increasing the spacing between tube ports decreased the maximum scour depth. A port spacing of 5 cm was determined to be the optimal amount. At a bend section of 90°, the decrease in maximum scour depth was estimated to be 85% and 91% under air jet injection (qa/Q = 2.74) and water jet injection (qw/Q = 0.17), respectively. At 170°, the decrease in maximum scour depth was 79% and 86% for the air jet and water jet, respectively. The results show that the optimal effect was obtained by water jet injection.
Fluorescence spectroscopy for assessing trihalomethane precursors removal by MIEX resin
Authors: Jutaporn P. , Laolertworakul W. , Armstrong M. D. , Coronell O. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the applicability of fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMS) to assess total trihalomethane formation potentials (TTHMFPs) and the ability of magnetic ion exchange (MIEX®) resin to reduce TTHMFP. We treated a surface water and secondary wastewater effluent with MIEX mimicking full-scale operation by repeatedly exposing the same resin batch to additional feed water, with batches ranging from 500 to 5,000 resin bed volumes. Results showed that MIEX was more effective at removing or reducing ultraviolet absorbance (UVA254), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and TTHMFP in surface water than in secondary effluent. The greater UVA254, DOC and TTHMFP removal for surface waters was explained by the stronger affinity of MIEX for terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) compared to microbial DOM. Fluorescence EEMS results showed that the ratio between terrestrial and microbial fluorescent signals of DOM was significantly greater in surface water than in secondary effluent. Fluorescence surrogate parameters were strongly correlated with TTHMFP, namely, fluorescence intensity of humic-like peak C (R2 = 0.98, p &lt; 0.01), protein-like peak T (R2 = 0.96, p &lt; 0.01), and fulvic-like peak A (R2 = 0.87, p &lt; 0.01). Correlations between fluorescence surrogate parameters and TTHMFP were substantially stronger than correlations between DOC and TTHMFP. Overall, the results indicate that fluorescent parameters extracted from EEMS data can be used as quick surrogate parameters to monitor TTHMFP for a diverse group of raw and MIEX-treated waters.
Fenofibrate Solid Dispersion Processed by Hot-Melt Extrusion: Elevated Bioavailability and Its Cell Transport Mechanism
Authors: Wen Ting , Niu Boyi , Wu Qiaoli , Zhou Yixian , Pan Xin , Quan Guilan , Wu Chuanbin 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Fenofibrate (FNB) is an effective drug for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia,
hypercholesterolemia as well as mixed hyperlipidemia. However, due to its poor aqueous solubility,
FNB has the problem of poor oral absorption followed by low bioavailability.

Objective:
The aim of this research was to construct FNB amorphous solid dispersion employing PVP
VA64 as the carrier by hot-melt extrusion method, in order to improve the oral bioavailability. Additionally,
the cell transport experiment was conducted to further investigate the mechanism of promoted
osmotic absorption.

Methods:
The physical state of the obtained solid dispersion was characterized using SEM, DSC and
XRD. Besides, in vitro Caco-2 cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the carrier and mimic
gastrointestinal drug permeation. At last, in vitro dissolution test and in vivo bioavailability study were
also carried out.

Results:
The prepared FNB solid dispersion was found to be an amorphous state after hot-melt extrusion
process. In vitro cytotoxicity test on Caco-2 cells confirmed the excellent biocompatibility of the
carrier PVP VA64. Besides, transwell cell transport assay and in vitro dissolution test revealed that
FNB released from amorphous solid dispersion was equipped with an improved transmembrane transport
and dissolution rate. Moreover, pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs showed that comparing with
commercial micronized product Lipanthyl®, the oral bioavailability of FNB solid dispersion was significantly
enhanced (2.45 fold).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, PVP VA64 can be regarded as a promising polymer to enhance the
bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs such as FNB processed by hot-melt extrusion. Besides,
investigations on the mechanism of the enhanced penetration are expected to lay a foundation on the
subsequent development of effective and practical solid dispersion.
Relación entre el estilo de aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de enfermería
Authors: Musayon Oblitas Yesenia , Torres Deza Clara , Sánchez Díaz Elvira , Chávez Cachay Esther 
Published: January 2019

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo correlacional y transversal con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre el estilo de aprendizaje (EA) y el rendimiento académico (RA) de las estudiantes de Enfermería. Se aplicó el cuestionario CHAEA de Honey y Alonso de estilos de aprendizaje según Kolb sobre la población total de estudiantes matriculadas el año 2,001.
Se encontró una correlación inversa de baja a moderada (r= -0,36) entre el EA activo y el RA en el primer año. En el segundo año, la correlación fue inversa de baja a moderada entre el EA práctico y el RA (r= -0.33). En el tercer año, el EA teórico y el RA tuvieron una relación directa pero baja (r=0.19).Y, en el cuarto año hubo una correlación negativa de baja a moderada (r= 0.13) entre el EA reflexivo y el RA.
El RA de las estudiantes de primero a cuarto año de Enfermería tiene relación con determinados EAs.
La violencia familiar en San Luis Tlaxialtemalco: un estudio con enfoque de género
Authors: Alatorre Wynter Edda , Gutiérrez Raigosa Addy 
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo de investigación se centró en el objetivo de identificar y describir la violencia familiar en un grupo de mujeres vecinas y usuarios del Centro Comunitario de Atención Primaria a la Salud (CCOAPS) en San Luis Tlaxialtemalco (SLT) México, de la ENEO-UNAM. Metodología: Mediante una investigación descriptiva y transversal, de corte cualitativo, con perspectiva de género, llevada a cabo en el espacio físico del CCOAPS de mayo del 2000 a mayo del 2001, de manera convencional se entrevistó a profundidad a 15 mujeres adultas entre 18 y 60 años de edad que acudieron en demanda de atención, que vivían o habían vivido en pareja y que aceptaron ser entrevistadas, en forma privada y anónima. Se identificaron las categorías presentes en la construcción social de modelos estereotipados de poder y dominio para unos y de tolerancia para otras, a fin de elaborar una guía de entrevista integrada con 11 argumentos sobre “lo esperado” para cada género. Sus testimonios fueron grabados y recogidos textualmente en cada guía y concentrados, según procediera, en 3 categorías de análisis: estereotipos masculinos, estereotipos femeninos y violencia. Resultados: Las mujeres entrevistadas reconocen la violencia masculina, los modelos diferenciados por género y las desigualdades sociales en detrimento de las mujeres pero lo consideran producto de las diferencias biológicas y del aprendizaje familiar materno. No hay claridad en las repercusiones de la violencia, en la salud de las mujeres salvo la violencia física. No ubican el maltrato como violación a sus derechos humanos. Hay en ellas el pensamiento mágico de que puedan manejar la violencia. Las relaciones sexuales conyugales forzadas son vistas como parte “natural” de la biología masculina por lo que requieren ser satisfechas por las mujeres para conservar su matrimonio. Diversas dependencias, religiosas y culturales, explican la tolerancia al maltrato.
Conclusión: El considerar que la pertenencia a un género social constituye una categoría determinante en salud individual y colectiva, da a Enfermería otra dimensión realmente holística del cuidado.
Categorías de un modelo andragógico para los cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer
Authors: Larios Saldaña Ma. Antonieta , Herrera Herrera Rafael D. 
Published: January 2019

Introducción. La andragogía está orientada hacia la educación de los adultos; los cuidadores como adulto responsables de un enfermo de Alzheimer deben contar con herramientas didácticas que mejoren su calidad de vida y desempeño. Objetivo. Determinar el enfoque para un modelo andragógico que incremente la capacidad del cuidador de un enfermo de Alzheimer basado en el significado de su experiencia. Metodología. Se trata un estudio observacional; descriptivo; exploratorio; la muestra fue de 29 cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer; siendo adultos; mujeres y familiares cercanos del paciente. A dichos cuidadores se le aplicó un cuestionario de 22 ítems de sobrecarga del cuidador propuesta por Zarit sobre la relación del cuidador con el enfermo; las relaciones sociales del cuidador; el efecto del cuidado en el estrés; capacidad y su salud; teniendo un alfa de Cronbach de .93. Resultados. Los resultados del estudio señalaron que el modelo andragógico debe orientarse de manera particular hacia conocimientos; habilidades e información que forme e instruya al cuidador sobre su capacidad para hacer frente al cuidado de un enfermo de Alzheimer; elementos como salud; relaciones con el paciente y con otras personas son afectados por razón del cuidado. De los resultados de otras investigaciones donde está presente un cuidador y un paciente; el presente documento coincide en señalar una incidencia sobre la vida cotidiana del cuidador por efecto de las relaciones y la gravedad de la enfermedad del paciente. Conclusiones: Es factible diseñar un modelo andragógico fundamentado en: conocimientos; habilidades e información que instruyan al cuidador sobre su capacidad para hacer frente al cuidado de un enfermo de Alzheimer.
Política y cultura en la España de Podemos
Authors: Peire Carmen 
Published: January 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p>“Sin cultura no hay democracia”. Esta frase, dicha en una entrevista por un famoso coreógrafo y bailarín español formado en el extranjero que fue director de la Compañía Nacional de Danza y que, tras una brillante labor se marchó del mismo debido al escaso apoyo recibido por los mismos que lo nombraron, puede resumir la esencia de las reivindicaciones culturales y, por tanto, de los retos a abordar por las formaciones emergentes en España, en especial por Podemos. La frase es de Nacho Duato, pero expresa muy bien lo que, desde hace años, un sector mayoritario de la cultura progresista y de izquierdas viene exponiendo. </p>