bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulindac‐derived retinoid X receptor‐α modulator attenuates atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization in ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Shen Linghong , Sun Zhe , Nie Peng , Yuan Ruosen , Cai Zhaohua , Wu Caizhe , Hu Liuhua , Jin Shuxuan , Zhou Hu , Zhang Xiaokun , He Ben 
Published: April 2019

Background and PurposeAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, and retinoid X receptor‐α (RXRα) is an intriguing anti‐atherosclerosis target. This study investigated whether and how an RXRα modulator, K‐80003, derived from a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug attenuates atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization.Experimental ApproachOur previously established ApoE−/− mouse model of carotid vulnerable plaque progression was treated with K‐80003 or vehicle for 4 or 8 weeks. Samples of carotid arteries and serum were collected to determine atherosclerotic lesion size, histological features, expression of related proteins, and lipid profiles. In vitro studies were carried out in 7‐ketocholesterol (7‐KC)‐stimulated macrophages treated with or without K‐80003.Key ResultsK‐80003 significantly reduced lesion size, plaque rupture, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory cytokine levels. Plaque macrophages positive for nuclear p65 (RelA) NF‐κB subunit were markedly reduced after K‐80003 treatment. Also, K‐80003 treatment inhibited 7‐KC‐induced p65 nuclear translocation, IκBα degradation, and transcription of NF‐κB target genes. In addition, K‐80003 inhibited NF‐κB pathway mainly through the reduction of p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), probably due to promotion of autophagic flux by K‐80003. Mechanistically, cytoplasmic localization of RXRα was associated with decreased autophagic flux. Increasing cytoplasmic RXRα expression by overexpression of RXRα/385 mutant decreased autophagic flux in RAW264.7 cells. Finally, K‐80003 strongly inhibited 7‐KC‐induced RXRα cytoplasmic translocation.Conclusions and ImplicationsK‐80003 suppressed atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization by promoting macrophage autophagic flux and consequently inhibited the p62/SQSTM1‐mediated NF‐κB proinflammatory pathway. Thus, targeting RXRα‐mediated autophagy‐inflammation axis by its noncanonical modulator may represent a promising strategy to treat atherosclerosis.
(R)‐Ketamine exerts antidepressant actions partly via conversion to (2R,6R)‐hydroxynorketamine, while causing adverse effects at sub‐anaesthetic doses
Authors: Zanos Panos , Highland Jaclyn N. , Liu Xin , Troppoli Timothy A. , Georgiou Polymnia , Lovett Jacqueline , Morris Patrick J. , Stewart Brent W. , Thomas Craig J. , Thompson Scott M. , Moaddel Ruin , Gould Todd D. 
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose(R)‐Ketamine (arketamine) may have utility as a rapidly acting antidepressant. While (R)‐ketamine has lower potency than (R,S)‐ketamine to inhibit NMDA receptors in vitro, the extent to which (R)‐ketamine shares the NMDA receptor‐mediated adverse effects of (R,S)‐ketamine in vivo has not been fully characterised. Furthermore, (R)‐ketamine is metabolised to (2R,6R)‐hydroxynorketamine (HNK), which may contribute to its antidepressant‐relevant actions.Experimental ApproachUsing mice, we compared (R)‐ketamine with a deuterated form of the drug (6,6‐dideutero‐(R)‐ketamine, (R)‐d2‐ketamine), which hinders its metabolism to (2R,6R)‐HNK, in behavioural tests predicting antidepressant responses. We also examined the actions of intracerebroventricularly infused (2R,6R)‐HNK. Further, we quantified putative NMDA receptor inhibition‐mediated adverse effects of (R)‐ketamine.Key Results(R)‐d2‐Ketamine was identical to (R)‐ketamine in binding to and functionally inhibiting NMDA receptors but hindered (R)‐ketamine's metabolism to (2R,6R)‐HNK. (R)‐Ketamine exerted greater potency than (R)‐d2‐ketamine in several antidepressant‐sensitive behavioural measures, consistent with a role of (2R,6R)‐HNK in the actions of (R)‐ketamine. There were dose‐dependent sustained antidepressant‐relevant actions of (2R,6R)‐HNK following intracerebroventricular administration. (R)‐Ketamine exerted NMDA receptor inhibition‐mediated behaviours similar to (R,S)‐ketamine, including locomotor stimulation, conditioned‐place preference, prepulse inhibition deficits, and motor incoordination, with approximately half the potency of the racemic drug.Conclusions and ImplicationsMetabolism of (R)‐ketamine to (2R,6R)‐HNK increases the potency of (R)‐ketamine to exert antidepressant‐relevant actions in mice. Adverse effects of (R)‐ketamine require higher doses than those necessary for antidepressant‐sensitive behavioural changes in mice. However, our data revealing that (R)‐ketamine's adverse effects are elicited at sub‐anaesthetic doses indicate a potential risk for sensory dissociation and abuse liability.
Anticosti foreland basin offshore of western Newfoundland: Concealed record of northern Appalachian orogen development
Authors: White Shawna E. , Waldron John W. F. , Harris Nicholas B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Anticosti Basin, largely hidden beneath the Gulf of St. Lawrence, includes foreland basin successions that record multiple tectonic events associated with the Ordovician to Devonian evolution of the northern Appalachian orogen. Due to the lack of well ties and minimal onshore exposure, geophysical data must be used in mapping the offshore stratigraphy. Outcropping geologic boundaries are tied to magnetic lineaments that parallel stratigraphy. These lineaments are correlated with reflections on seismic profiles in order to interpret the subsurface. Seismic isochron maps for successive basin development episodes display differences in geometry, implying that orogenic loading varied through time. The geometry and subsidence rates recorded by the Middle Ordovician Goose Tickle Group imply that it formed in a pro‐arc setting associated with loading during arc‐continent collision that was most intense in the northern Newfoundland Appalachians. The geometry and subsidence recorded by the overlying Long Point Group imply pro‐arc loading by Taconian allochthons in the Québec segment of the orogen. Diachronous subduction polarity reversal along the margin placed the Long Point Group in a combined retro‐arc and pro‐arc setting, comparable to that experienced by parts of the north Australian margin at the present day. The uppermost Silurian to Lower Devonian Clam Bank Formation and Lower Devonian Red Island Road Formation represent foreland basin successions associated with the later Salinian and Acadian orogenies. Their consistent thickness implies a broad, shallow basin, suggesting that the lithosphere was cooler and stronger than during earlier subsidence, and are consistent with a retro‐arc setting.
Longitudinal interrelationships between dental fear and dental attendance among adult Finns in 2000‐2011
Authors: Liinavuori Arja , Tolvanen Mimmi , Pohjola Vesa , Lahti Satu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate causal pathways among as well as interrelationships between changes in dental fear and dental attendance in a nationally representative sample of adult Finns aged 19 years or older in 2000, with 11 years of follow‐up.MethodsData from the Health 2000 and 2011 Surveys (BRIF8901) in Finland were used. The Health 2000 survey used a stratified two‐stage cluster sampling design (N=9742). Of the participants in 2000, 7964 were eligible and invited to participate in 2011. Of the participants in 2011 (n=5806), 3,631 (63%) responded to both dental fear and attendance questions in both years. Both fear and attendance were assessed using single questions and dichotomized. The background variables included were age, gender and education. Path analysis and logistic regression models were used.ResultsDental fear led to nonhabitual use of dental services rather than vice versa (−0.07 to 0.04 vs. 0.00). When confounders were considered, in both age groups (29‐39 years and 40+ years) an increase in fear predicted nonhabitual dental attendance. This association was stronger among the younger age group (OR = 4.91) than among those aged 40 years and older (OR = 2.88). Among the younger age group, improved dental fear decreased the risk of nonhabitual dental attendance (OR = 0.16), while among older age group, stable fear increased the risk of nonhabitual dental attendance (OR = 2.33).ConclusionsDental fear causes nonhabitual dental attendance, and decreasing dental fear increases habitual attendance. Oral health personnel should adapt measures to prevent and treat dental fear.
Impact of maternal adverse childhood experiences on child socioemotional function in rural Kenya: Mediating role of maternal mental health
Authors: Rieder Amber D. , Roth Sophia L. , Musyimi Christine , Ndetei David , Sassi Roberto B. , Mutiso Victoria , Hall Geoffrey B. , Gonzalez Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMothers in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) suffer heightened vulnerability for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which is exacerbated by the multitude of risk factors associated with poverty and may lead to increased risk of psychiatric disorder. The constellation of complex, co‐occurring biological, environmental, social, economic and psychological risk factors are in turn transmitted to her child, conferring vulnerability for adverse development. This study examines the association between maternal intra‐ and extra‐familial ACEs, maternal education and the mental health of her child, mediated by maternal mental health. Mother‐child dyads (n = 121) in Machakos, Kenya were examined cross‐sectionally using self‐report measures of ACEs, maternal mental health and child internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. The four models proposed to examine the relationship between intra‐ and extra‐familial maternal ACEs and child internalizing and externalizing problems demonstrated indirect pathways through maternal mental health. These effects were found to be conditional on levels of maternal education, which served as a protective factor at lower levels of maternal ACEs. These models demonstrate how the impact of ACEs persists across the lifespan resulting in a negative impact on maternal mental health and conferring further risk to subsequent generations. Elucidating the association between ACEs and subsequent intergenerational sequelae, especially in LMIC where risk is heightened, may improve targeted caregiver mental health programs for prevention and intervention.
Temporal variation of renal function in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A retrospective UK clinical practice research datalink cohort study
Authors: Spanopoulos Dionysis , Okhai Hajra , Zaccardi Francesco , Tebboth Abigail , Barrett Brendan , Busse Michael , Webb Joanne , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo characterize the longitudinal variability of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including variation between categories and individuals.MethodsPeople with T2DM and sufficient recorded serum creatinine measurements were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (T2DM diagnosis from 1 January 2009 to 1 January 2011 with 5 years follow‐up); eGFR was calculated using the CKD‐EPI equation.ResultsIn total, 7766 individuals were included; 32.8%, 50.2%, 12.4%, 4.0% and 0.6% were in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) categories G1, G2, G3a, G3b and G4, respectively. Overall, eGFR decreased by 0.44 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year; eGFR increased by 0.80 mL/min/1.73 m2 between index and year 1, then decreased by 0.75 mL/min/1.73 m2 annually up to year 5. Category G1 showed a steady decline in eGFR over time; G2, G3a and G3b showed an increase between index and year 1, followed by a decline. Category G4 showed a mean eGFR increase of 1.85 mL/min/1.73 m2 annually. People in categories G3‐G4 moved across a greater number of GFR categories than those in G1 and G2. Individual patients' eGFR showed a wide range of values (change from baseline at year 5 varied from −80 to +59 mL/min/1.73 m2).ConclusionOverall, eGFR declined over time, although there was considerable variation between GFR categories and individuals. This highlights the difficulty in prescribing many glucose‐lowering therapies, which require dose adjustment for renal function. The study also emphasizes the importance of regular monitoring of renal impairment in people with T2DM.
Temporal refinement of sensory‐evoked activity across layers in developing mouse barrel cortex
Authors: van der Bourg Alexander , Yang Jenq‐Wei , Stüttgen Maik C. , Reyes‐Puerta Vicente , Helmchen Fritjof , Luhmann Heiko J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRhythmic whisking behavior in rodents fully develops during a critical period about 2 weeks after birth, in parallel with the maturation of other sensory modalities and the onset of exploratory locomotion. How whisker‐related sensory processing develops during this period in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) remains poorly understood. Here, we characterized neuronal activity evoked by single‐ or dual‐whisker stimulation patterns in developing S1, before, during and after the occurrence of active whisking. Employing multi‐electrode recordings in all layers of barrel cortex in urethane‐anesthetized mice, we find layer‐specific changes in multi‐unit activity for principal and neighboring barrel columns. While whisker stimulation evoked similar early responses (0–50 ms post‐stimulus) across development, the late response (50–150 ms post‐stimulus) decreased in all layers with age. Furthermore, peak onset times and the duration of the late response decreased in all layers across age groups. Responses to paired‐pulse stimulation showed increases in spiking precision and in paired‐pulse ratios in all cortical layers during development. Sequential activation of two neighboring whiskers with varying stimulus intervals evoked distinct response profiles in the activated barrel columns, depending on the direction and temporal separation of the stimuli. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the temporal sharpening of sensory‐evoked activity coincides with the onset of active whisking.
Dangerous love? Predation risk does not affect female mate choice in blue‐black grassquits
Authors: de Moraes Pedro Z. , Diniz Pedro , Macedo Regina H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPredation risk may be an important factor affecting female mate choice. Hypothetically, females could choose extravagantly ornamented males that survive in high predation risk environments. However, this decision could be different if choosing a conspicuous male under high predation risk is costly for females or results in reduced offspring survival. In such contexts, females could become indifferent to male quality or prefer inconspicuous males. We tested this idea using captive blue‐black grassquits (Volatinia jacarina, Linnaeus, 1766), a species in which males perform conspicuous leap displays coupled with songs during the breeding season, which presumably subjects females and offspring to higher predation risk. Females were placed in an arena with speakers on opposite sides emitting male courtship songs. One speaker emitted songs at a high rate (proxy for a conspicuous male) while the other speaker broadcast songs at a low rate (proxy for a less conspicuous male). While the female evaluated the two male songs, a third speaker emitted vocalizations characterizing three levels of risk: adult predator, nest predator, and no‐risk control. Females showed no preference for either male stimuli across the predation risk treatments. This lack of preference relative to frequency of male vocal displays suggests that leap‐song frequency is not used by females during mate choice. We suggest that in addition to its role in courtship, male grassquit displays also signal status to other males when competing for territories. Thus, we propose that predation risk does not directly influence blue‐black grassquit intersexual selection and that females in this species may exercise indirect mate choice, choosing social mates based on male ability to establish and defend a territory, and relying secondarily upon other aspects of male display attributes, such as its visual components.
Adaptive variation for growth and resistance to a novel pathogen along climatic gradients in a foundation tree
Authors: Ahrens Collin W. , Mazanec Richard A. , Paap Trudy , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Challis Anthea , Hardy Giles , Byrne Margaret , Tissue David T. , Rymer Paul D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNatural ecosystems are under pressure from increasing abiotic and biotic stressors, including climate change and novel pathogens, which are putting species at risk of local extinction, and altering community structure, composition and function. Here, we aim to assess adaptive variation in growth and fungal disease resistance within a foundation tree, Corymbia calophylla to determine local adaptation, trait heritability and genetic constraints in adapting to future environments. Two experimental planting sites were established in regions of contrasting rainfall with seed families from 18 populations capturing a wide range of climate origins (~4,000 individuals at each site). Every individual was measured in 2015 and 2016 for growth (height, basal diameter) and disease resistance to a recently introduced leaf blight pathogen (Quambalaria pitereka). Narrow‐sense heritability was estimated along with trait covariation. Trait variation was regressed against climate‐of‐origin, and multivariate models were used to develop predictive maps of growth and disease resistance. Growth and blight resistance traits differed significantly among populations, and these differences were consistent between experimental sites and sampling years. Growth and blight resistance were heritable, and comparisons between trait differentiation (QST) and genetic differentiation (FST) revealed that population differences in height and blight resistance traits are due to divergent natural selection. Traits were significantly correlated with climate‐of‐origin, with cool and wet populations showing the highest levels of growth and blight resistance. These results provide evidence that plants have adaptive growth strategies and pathogen defence strategies. Indeed, the presence of standing genetic variation and trait heritability of growth and blight resistance provide capacity to respond to novel, external pressures. The integration of genetic variation into adaptive management strategies, such as assisted gene migration and seed sourcing, may be used to provide greater resilience for natural ecosystems to both biotic and abiotic stressors.
Developing a personal value analysis method of social media to support customer segmentation and business model innovation
Authors: Chen Tsung‐Yi , Cheng Hsiang‐An , Chen Yuh‐Min 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCompanies need to find out about the personal values of customers and identify customer segments before developing effective business models (BMs) or marketing strategies. Therefore, understanding the personal values of customers is critical in BM design. Traditional personal value evaluation methods are laborious and time‐consuming. In recent years, social media have become an important platform for people to share ideas and express views, making the presence of a huge amount of opinions on platforms that can cater for the demand of data for personal value analysis of customers. This study took Facebook and Instagram as the targets and developed a novel personal value forecasting method to help enterprises obtain the various personal values of customer segments automatically at a lower cost. This study adopted Schwartz's value theory as the value model and proposed a consistency model and a relativity model for weighted calculations, so as to determine the feature of a value tag. Finally, the feature selection algorithm and classification algorithm were used for judging values. In the evaluation phase of this study, 61 participants were recruited to test the proposed method. The proposed method could assist enterprises in better understanding personal value information.
Head mouse control system for people with disabilities
Authors: Abiyev Rahib H. , Arslan Murat 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a human–machine interface for disabled people with spinal cord injuries is proposed. The designed human–machine interface is an assistive system that uses head movements and blinking for mouse control. In the proposed system, by moving one's head, the user moves the mouse pointer to the required coordinates and then blinks to send commands. The considered head mouse control is based on image processing including facial recognition, in particular, the recognition of the eyes, mouth, and nose. The proposed recognition system is based on the convolutional neural network, which uses the low‐quality images that are captured by a computer's camera. The convolutional neural network (CNN) includes convolutional layers, a pooling layer, and a fully connected network. The CNN transforms the head movements to the actual coordinates of the mouse. The designed system allows people with disabilities to control a mouse pointer with head movements and to control mouse buttons with blinks. The results of the experiments demonstrate that this system is robust and accurate. This invention allows people with disabilities to freely control mouse cursors and mouse buttons without wearing any equipment.
Effect of family characteristics on periodontal diseases in children and adolescents—A systematic review
Authors: Tadakamadla Santosh K. , Tadakamadla Jyothi , Kroon Jeroen , Lalloo Ratilal , Johnson Newell W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo synthesize the literature on the influence of family/parents characteristics on periodontal diseases in children and adolescents.MethodsAn electronic search for relevant literature published between 2007 and 2017 was undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Cochrane databases; the search was updated in April 2018. Two reviewers independently reviewed the abstracts of these; of which, 43 articles were reviewed in full.ResultsOf the 746 retrieved titles, 649 remained after removing duplicates. Thirty articles met the inclusion criteria, and 13 were excluded. Also, two were included from the updated search. Data from the reviewed articles indicate that all three indicators of parent's socioeconomic status (income, education and occupation) are significantly associated with periodontal diseases in children. Better periodontal status was observed in children of parents with higher SES than those whose parents were of lower SES. Although the association between parent's smoking practices, level of periodontal diseases and children's periodontal status was explored only in few studies, findings indicate that children exposed to passive smoking and having parents with periodontal diseases are more likely to present with periodontal diseases as well.ConclusionsMost of the studies considered socioeconomic factors and had not attempted to explore the impact of parental psychosocial variables on periodontal diseases in children. The literature indicates that these variables significantly influence health practices, including oral hygiene practices, which could ultimately affect periodontal health. More studies are required to explore the association of these variables with periodontal outcomes in children.