bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Nateglinide Loaded Graphene Oxide-Chitosan Nanocomposites: Optimization by Box Behnken Design
Authors: Deshmukh Rutuja V. , Paraskar Pavan , Mishra S. , Naik Jitendra 
Published: April 2019

Background:Nateglinide is an antidiabetic drug having biological half-life 1.5 h which shows a concise effect. Graphene oxide along with chitosan can be used as a nanocarrier for sustained release of Nateglinide.Objective:To develop Nateglinide loaded graphene oxide-chitosan nanocomposites and to evaluate for different characterization studies.Methods:Graphene Oxide (GO) was synthesized by improved hummer’s method and drug-loaded Graphene oxide - chitosan nanocomposites were prepared. Box Behnken design was used to carry out experiments. The nanocomposites were characterized for encapsulation efficiency and drug release. Morphology was studied using field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. An interaction between drug, polymer and GO was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometer along with in vitro drug release study.Results:The statistical evaluation of the design showed linear and quadratic models which are significant models for encapsulation efficiency (R1 0.6883, 0.9473) and drug loading (R2 0.6785, 0.9336), respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the compatibility of GO, Chitosan and Nateglinide. X-ray diffractometer reveals the change in degree of crystallinity of drug. FE-SEM and TEM images confirmed the distribution of the drug within the nanocomposites. Design expert reveals that the concentration of GO has great influence on encapsulation efficiency. In Vitro drug release showed the sustained release of drug over the period of 12 h.Conclusion:GO-Chitosan nanocomposites can be used as a sustained release carrier system for Nateglinide to reduce dose frequency of drug as well as its probable side effects.
Novel Molecular Targets and Mechanisms Involved in the Invasion and Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Li Ziyi , Li Weidong , Dong Yuqi , Sun Xueying 
Published: April 2019

Background:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancerrelated deaths and its morbidity and mortality are increasing. PDAC patients have a very poor prognosis because of aggressive features of PDAC cells, shortage of reliable diagnostic biomarkers and deficiency of effective therapeutics.Objective:The article aims to discuss the recent progress in the discovery of novel molecular targets and their related mechanisms in the invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells.Methods:Literatures based on Pubmed database were searched and those related to the molecular targets involved in the invasion and metastasis of PDAC were reviewed.Results:The most promising discovery of molecular targets and phenomena include epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs), metastasis-related genes, hypoxiainducible factors (HIFs), non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), which contribute to the vital biological behaviors of PDAC cells and tumor microenvironments.Conclusion:This review summarizes recent advances in novel molecular targets that regulate the invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells, and how they are targeted for developing diagnostic and therapeutic tools for combating PDAC. Further understanding the regulatory mechanisms of these molecular targets may help to discover biomarkers used for early diagnosis, predicting the prognosis and monitoring treatment response, and also to develop novel effective therapeutics.
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Keyword and Semantic Search Engines using Different Query Set Categories
Authors: Jatwani Poonam , Tomar Pradeep , Dhingra Vandana 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Keyword search engines are unable to understand the intention of user as
a result they produce enormous results for user to distinguish between relevant and non relevant
answers of user queries. This has led to rise in requirement to study search capabilities of different
search engines. In this research work, experimental evaluation is done based on different metrics to
distinguish different search engines on the basis of type of query that can be handled by them.

Methods:
To check the semantics handling performance, four types of query sets consisting of 20
queries of agriculture domain are chosen. Different query set are single term queries, two term queries,
three term queries and NLP queries. Queries from different query set were submitted to
Google, DuckDuckGo and Bing search engines. Effectiveness of different search engines for different
nature of queries is experimented and evaluated in this research using Grade relevance
measures like Cumulative Gain, Discounted Cumulative Gain, Ideal Discounted Cumulative Gain,
and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain in addition to the precision metric.

Results:
Our experimental results demonstrate that for single term query, Google retrieves more
relevant documents and performs better and DuckDuckGo retrieves more relevant documents for
NLP queries.

Conclusion:
Analysis done in this research shows that DuckDuckGo understand human intention
and retrieve more relevant result, through NLP queries as compared to other search engines.
Comparative Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Ficus religiosa (Stem Bark) Extracts Prepared by Different Methods of Extraction
Authors: Panchawat Sunita , Pradhan Joohee 
Published: April 2019

Background:
The stem bark of Ficus religiosa L. (Family-Moraceae) is traditionally
used to treat gonorrhea, diarrhea, dysentery, leucorrhea, menorrhagia, vaginal and other
urogenical disorders, ulcers and gastrohelcosis.

Objective:
The study was aimed at comparing antiulcer activity (ethanol induced gastric ulcer)
for stem bark extracts of Ficus religiosa Linn. prepared by different extraction methods
viz. soxhlet, ultrasonication and microwave assisted extraction.

Methods:
The powdered drug material was extracted by soxhlet (time 48 hours., temperature
60°C and solvent 60% ethanol), Ultrasonic (90 min., 50°C and acetone as solvent)and Microwave
(3 min., 60°C and acetone as solvent) assisted extraction method. The acute toxicity
study was carried out in adult female albino rats by “fix dose” method of OECD guideline
no. 420 for selection of doses. Antiulcerogenic effect of prepared extracts (200mg/kg) was
evaluated by ethanol induced ulcer method using omeprazole (40 mg/kg) as standard drug
and absolute alcohol 99.5% as necrotizing agent.

Result and Conclusion:
Acute toxicity study did not show any significant toxicity signs and
extracts were said to be practically non-toxic at tested dose level of 2000 mg/kg, b.w. The
best antiulcer activity was shown by the hydroalcoholic extract prepared by soxhlet extraction
method. Administration of ethanol produced significant ulcer index (41.00 ± 1.75) in the
control group. Standard drug omeprazole (40 mg/kg) produced percentage protection of
70.31%. Among all three extracts, Ulcer index is significantly (p<0.001) protected by hydroalcoholic
extract (Soxhlet Extraction Method) with percentage protection 52.02%.
Designing Robust N-of-1 Studies for Precision Medicine: Simulation Study and Design Recommendations
Authors: Percha Bethany , Baskerville Edward B , Johnson Matthew , Dudley Joel T , Zimmerman Noah 
Published: April 2019

Background
Recent advances in molecular biology, sensors, and digital medicine have led to an explosion of products and services for high-resolution monitoring of individual health. The N-of-1 study has emerged as an important methodological tool for harnessing these new data sources, enabling researchers to compare the effectiveness of health interventions at the level of a single individual.

Objective
N-of-1 studies are susceptible to several design flaws. We developed a model that generates realistic data for N-of-1 studies to enable researchers to optimize study designs in advance.

Methods
Our stochastic time-series model simulates an N-of-1 study, incorporating all study-relevant effects, such as carryover and wash-in effects, as well as various sources of noise. The model can be used to produce realistic simulated data for a near-infinite number of N-of-1 study designs, treatment profiles, and patient characteristics.

Results
Using simulation, we demonstrate how the number of treatment blocks, ordering of treatments within blocks, duration of each treatment, and sampling frequency affect our ability to detect true differences in treatment efficacy. We provide a set of recommendations for study designs on the basis of treatment, outcomes, and instrument parameters, and make our simulation software publicly available for use by the precision medicine community.

Conclusions
Simulation can facilitate rapid optimization of N-of-1 study designs and increase the likelihood of study success while minimizing participant burden.
Definiendo la pedagogía habilitada para REA
Authors: Wiley David , Hilton John 
Published: April 2019

<p>El término <em>pedagogía abierta</em> se ha utilizado de diferentes maneras durante las últimas décadas. En los últimos años, su uso también se ha asociado con los recursos educativos abiertos (REA). La amplia gama de definiciones de pedagogía abierta, junto con su superposición semántica con otro término no especificado, prácticas educativas abiertas, dificulta conducir investigaciones sobre el tema. Al hacer esta afirmación no se pretende poner en duda la efectividad potencial de los muchos enfoques de la pedagogía etiquetados como abiertos. En este artículo, más que intentar defender una definición canónica de pedagogía abierta, se propone un nuevo término, <em>pedagogía habilitada para REA</em>, definido como el conjunto de enseñanza y aprendizaje que sólo son posibles o prácticos en el contexto de los permisos 5R característicos de los REA. Proponemos criterios utilizados para evaluar si una forma de enseñanza constituye una pedagogía habilitada por REA y analizamos varios ejemplos de pedagogía habilitada para REA con estos criterios.</p><p> </p><p>Este artículo ha sido reproducido de la revista <em>The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning (IRRODL)</em>, <em>19</em>(4), con la licencia Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0. © 2018. Autores: David Wiley y John Hilton.</p>
Estrategias metacognitivas aplicadas en la asignatura de Desarrollo del potencial humano
Authors: Mendoza Ruiz María Guadalupe , Gutiérrez Gómez Evelyn 
Published: April 2019

<p>La presente experiencia académica tiene por objetivo exponer cómo, a partir de asignaturas que pertenecen al campo disciplinar de Desarrollo Humano, el alumno realizará un proceso reflexivo a través de distintas estrategias de aprendizaje, como el cuadro SQA o PNI, el análisis FODA, las líneas de tiempo, la resolución de casos de vida y los cuadros RA-P-RP. Dichas estrategias le permitirán desarrollar un proceso metacognitivo que le ayude a realizar una introspección acerca de un proyecto de vida, el cual le ayudará a concluir el nivel medio superior, disminuyendo, así, la deserción escolar en el Bachillerato Universitario a Distancia.</p>
Una mirada al interior de Michigan Virtual: entrevista a Jamey Fitzpatrick
Authors: Vadillo Bueno Guadalupe 
Published: April 2019

<p>En esta entrevista, el presidente y director ejecutivo de Michigan Virtual, una escuela pública de modalidad en línea de este estado de la Unión Americana, describe su historia y funcionamiento, así como sus retos y las soluciones que han desarrollado para cumplir con sus tres funciones fundamentales: aportar cursos suplementarios a estudiantes en el estado, ofrecer formación profesional a maestros y administradores, y generar investigación sobre aprendizaje en línea e híbrido. Señala las tres grandes aportaciones que ha hecho esa institución y explora futuros para la educación.</p><p> </p><p><span>Para visualizar el video vaya al siguiente enlace: </span><a href="/index.php/rmbd/editor/viewMetadata/Video%20de%20esta%20entrevista:%20https:/youtu.be/VUZyL6vtmgE" target="_self"><strong><em>https://youtu.be/VUZyL6vtmgE</em></strong></a></p>
Modelo TPACK: ¿Medio para innovar el proceso educativo considerando la ciencia de datos y el aprendizaje automático?
Authors: Salas-Rueda Ricardo Adán 
Published: April 2019

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><strong>Objetivo - </strong><span>analizar el diseño y uso de la Aplicación Web Sobre la Probabilidad Condicional (AWSPC) </span><span>en el proceso educativo considerando el modelo Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)</span><span>, la ciencia de datos y el aprendizaje automático.</span></p><p><strong>Método - </strong><span>se realizó una investigacion mixta para evaluar el impacto de la AWSPC </span><span>en el campo de la estadística. La muestra está compuesta por 61 alumnos que cursaron la asignatura: Instrumentación Estadística para los Negocios, durante el ciclo escolar 2018. </span></p><p><strong>Resultados - </strong><span>los resultados del aprendizaje automático (50%, 60% y 70% de entrenamiento) permiten afirmar que la aplicación </span><span>awspc </span><span>mejora el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Por otro lado, la ciencia de datos establece diversos modelos predictivos sobre el uso de la aplicación AWSPC</span><span> </span><span>en el campo educativo (técnica árbol de decisión).</span></p><p><strong>Limitaciones - </strong><span>la aplicación AWSPC </span><span>presenta la simulación de la probabilidad condicional y de intersección sobre el suministro de piezas. Los contenidos de esta herramienta tecnológica se encuentran en español, por lo que para futuras investigaciones se pueden diseñar y construir sistemas web educativos que presenten los contenidos en diferentes idiomas y se utilice diversos ejercicios durante las simulaciones. Por ejemplo, el uso de la inteligencia artificial en el contexto educativo permitiría la personalización de los temas. </span></p><p><strong>Principales hallazgos - </strong><span>el modelo TPACK </span><span>permite la construcción de nuevas herramientas digitales como la aplicación AWSPC </span><span>por medio de los conocimientos tecnológico, pedagógico y disciplinar. Se recomienda el uso del modelo TPACK </span><span>en los diferentes niveles educativos para mejorar las condiciones de enseñanza-aprendizaje. </span></p></div></div></div>
The Role of Endoscopy in the Treatment of Biliary Complications after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kurenkov Alexey V. , Teterin Yury S. , Olisov Oleg D. , Yartsev Petr A. , Novruzbekov Murad S. , Magomedov Kubay M. 
Published: April 2019

Aim:to improve the results of treating patients with anastomotic biliary strictures of the bile ducts after orthotopic liver transplantation.Materials and methods.This study is based on the results of the endoscopic treatment of 36 patients with biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation, who were admitted to the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine from December 2001 to December 2017. The endoscopic treatment program included diagnostic ERCP, endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST), bilioduodenal stenting, nasobiliary drainage, balloon dilatation.Results.Against the background of the staged endoscopic treatment, the stable remission of anastomotic biliary strictures (ABS) was achieved in 17 (53.1 %) patients, with 4 of them (12.5 %) showing a successfully resolved insufficiency of biliobiliary anastomosis (BBA). The average duration of endoscopic treatment was 12 ± 1.9 months. The number of ERCPs performed for each patient varied from 1 to 12 and averaged 3. In the majority of patients (75 %) who received one or more courses of endoscopic treatment, a successful correction of anastomotic strictures with no recurrence within 2–5 years was achieved.Conclusion.Staged endoscopic treatment is established to be highly effective in patients with anastomotic biliary strictures and the insufficiency of bilobiliary anastomoses occurred after orthotopic liver transplantation. Such a treatment allows good long-term results to be achieved by a minimally invasive method.
Contemporary Approaches to the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Starostin Boris D. 
Published: April 2019

Aim:to describe existing approaches to the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in accordance with the requirements of evidence-based medicine, as well as to discuss controversial issues in the management of GERD patients.Key findings.Nonmedical GERD treatment should be based on the reduction of body weight by decreasing the calorie intake and its proper distribution throughout the day, as well as by increasing the level of physical activity. Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used as the main class of drugs for reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), as well as in cases when the disease is characterized by certain specific features (e.g., the presence of night symptoms) and extraesophageal manifestations. The efficacy of PPI treatment may depend on the genetic polymorphism of the CYP2C19 cytochrome. Rabeprazole is characterized by a predominantly non-enzymatic pathway, providing a more stable pharmacokinetics profile, which is less dependent on the CYP2C19 polymorphism. The duration of the initial and maintenance PPI course is determined by the GERD form. Long-term PPI maintenance therapy is indicated for erosive esophagitis. In the presence of Barrett’s esophagus, this measure is considered from the standpoint of cancer prevention.Conclusion.The use of PPIs is considered to be the key approach in the drug treatment of GERD. The choice of a PPI is based on factors that determine the efficacy and safety of such drugs, namely the rate of the onset of acid suppressive effects, the intensity of acid suppressive effects, the time of the onset of GERD clinical remission, the dependence on the CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism, the absence of significant interaction with other drugs, as well as the presence of pleiotropic effects.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Terms of Changes in the Microbiota
Authors: Ivashkin Vladimir T. , Zolnikova Oxana Yu. 
Published: April 2019

Aim:to review available data confirming the pathogenetic role of the intestinal microbiota in the formation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Key findings.Changes in the intestinal biotope cause the development of visceral hypersensitivity and impaired intestinal motor activity, as well as neuroimmune transmission. This article discusses the main aspects of the biological properties of probiotic bacteria in terms of their action within the “brain — intestine — microbiota” chain. The results of experimental and clinical studies elucidating the mechanisms of action of probiotic cultures have been generalized. The understanding of these mechanisms allows practitioners to make informed decisions in prescribing probiotics to IBS patients. Key concepts concerning fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as the prospects and difficulties of implementing this approach are considered.Conclusions.The term “microbiota — intestine — brain” clearly demonstrates the correlation between the main functional components of IBS. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews confirm the efficacy of probiotics in IBS. However, further research into probiotic therapy options is needed to identify specific bacterial strains with proven clinical efficacy. The fecal microbiota transplantation method also requires further research, since many issues associated with this approach remain unclear.
Differential Diagnosis between Ulcerative Colitis and Clostridium Difficile-Associated Disease in a Patient with Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 1
Authors: Trush Elizaveta A. , Korolev Alexander V. , Poluektova Elena A. , Pavlov Pavel V. , Pavlova Maria G. , Tertychny Alexander S. , Sidorina Yulia O. , Ponkratova Natalia A. , Shifrin Oleg S. 
Published: April 2019

Aim:to demonstrate the clinical picture and the tactics of differential diagnosis between ulcerative colitis andClostridiumdifficile-associated disease in a patient with APS-1, as well as to describe the tactics of managing such patients.Key findings.A 25-year-old patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS-1) complained of loose stools up to 10 times a day with blood admixture, rapidly growing weakness and a weight loss of 5 kg per week. When examined on the day of admission, surgical pathology was excluded. Further differential diagnostics betweenClostridiumdifficile-associated disease and ulcerative colitis was carried out, with the possibility of combining these diseases being not excluded. The examination confirmedClostridiumdifficile-associated disease, while the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis needed further verification. APS-1 is often combined with other diseases and is likely to be pathogenetically related with them; however, the mechanisms of such interrelations still remain unknown. Previous research has reported the relationship between APS-1 and clostridial infection. The combination of ulcerative colitis with APS-1 has not thus far been described.Conclusion.A specific feature of the described clinical case consists in the development of severeClostridiumdifficile-associated disease against the background of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1. The management of patients with APS-1 should take into account the possibility of developing a clostridial infection, since these diseases can co-occur. When treating a patient with APS-1 in non-endocrine hospital units, consultation with an endocrinologist is necessary.
Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en niños indígenas Warao y criollos de Barrancas del Orinoco. Venezuela.
Authors: Gastiaburu Priscilla Katherine 
Published: April 2019

Resumen
Objetivo: Las parasitosis intestinales son un problema de salud pública, una de cada tres personas está infectada y cerca de 46 millones de niños entre 1 y 14 años están en riesgo.La finalidad del estudio es determinar y contrastar la prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en niños menores de 15 años en indígenas warao y criollos de Barrancas del Orinoco, Venezuela. Metodología: tipo de estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Cada participante fue evaluado clínica y coproparasitologicamente, las muestras fecales fueron estudiadas mediante examen directo en solución salina fisiológica, coloración temporal de lugol, aplicación de la técnica de kato, y coloración de Kinyoun.
Resultados: Se evaluaron 118 niños menores de 15 años, de ellos 56 eran indígenas y 62 eran criollos, 101 (85,59%) resultaron parasitados, siendo los niños indígenas más afectados con 94,64% (n=53/56) sobre los criollos con 77,42% (n=48/62), con riesgo estimado de 5,15 p=0,008. El 66,34% (n= 67/101) estaban poliparasitados, de estos el 75,47% (n=40/53) eran indígenas y el 56,25% (n=48/62) criollos, resultando estadísticamente significativo valor de p=0,04. La especie parasitaria más prevalente en indígenas fue Ascaris lumbricoides con 77,36% (n=41/53) mientras que en los criollos fue Blastocystis spp. con 52,08% (n=25/48). En los poliparasitados la asociación parasitaria más frecuente fue Ascaris lumbricoides + Tichuris trichiura en ambos grupos.
Conclusión: El 85,59% tenían endoparásitos, el 66,34% estaban poliparasitados, la especie parasitaria en indígena fue Ascaris lumbricoides con 77,36% y en criollos fue Blastocystis spp con 52,08%, los niños indígenas fueron los más afectados.
Palabras claves: prevalencia, parasitosis intestinales, indígenas.