bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical, Behavioral and Sociodemographic determinants of hypertension among adult population in Nekemte town, western Ethiopia: Community based study.
Authors: Geleta Gemechis Teshome , Cheme Melese Chego , Roro Elias Merdassa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objectives Although hypertension is a growing public health problem in many developing countries there is inadequacy of scientific evidences on community based level of hypertension among the population. The study aimed at exploring prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adults in Nekemte town, Ethiopia. Community based cross sectional study was conducted on 711 adults selected by multistage sampling procedure and data obtained by interview. Height, Weight, Blood Pressure and waist circumference were measured with standard procedures. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20 version and multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the independent risk factors for hypertension.Result The overall prevalence of hypertension was 34.9% of which only about half (52.7%) of them knew that they were hypertensive and only 22.4% of them were on medication. Older age; age group >65 year (AOR =5.85, 95% CI; 1.74-20), 41-64 year (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI; 1.49-4.57), Obesity and overweight (AOR =1.71, 95% CI; 1.09-2.67), chat chewers in the past year (AOR =2.44, 95% CI; 1.05-5.68) and lower educational status (AOR =2.75, 95% CI; 1.26-6.03) had higher risk of hypertension.
Data quality of drug-resistant tuberculosis and antiretroviral therapy electronic registers in South Africa
Authors: Jamieson Lise , Evans Denise , Berhanu Rebecca , Ismail Nazir , Aucock Samantha , Wallengren Kristina , Long Lawrence 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background To assess the quality and completeness of treatment and outcome data in the electronic tuberculosis (TB) and antiretroviral treatment (ART) registers in drug-resistant (DR-) TB patients at three treatment facilities in South Africa. Methods We did a retrospective cohort study using routinely-collected data from DR-TB registers of rifampicin resistant adults (≥18 years old), on ART, initiating DR-TB treatment between January 2012 and December 2013. We linked patient information from the DR-TB register to the ART register using patient identifiers and an algorithm based on string edit distance and date of birth. We describe data gaps and discrepancies found. Results Overall, 2,852 DR-TB patients met our inclusion criteria based on the DR-TB register data, and of these, 1,685 (59%) could be matched to the ART registers. An additional 253 patients from the DR-TB registers were found in the ART registers, having initiated ART, despite the DR-TB register indicating that they were not on ART (or this data was missing). 11% of matched patients did not have TB treatment status recorded in the ART register despite being recorded as being on TB treatment in the DR-TB register, and 78% did not have an ART start date recorded in DR-TB register despite being on ART treatment as per the ART register. 11% of matched patients had a death recorded in one register but not the other, and of those with death recorded in both, 15% of dates differed by >1 month. Conclusions The underreporting of death and the lack of ART or TB status in the electronic DR-TB and ART registers could negatively impact monitoring efforts by downplaying the state of the TB/HIV epidemic. Improved recording of these data sources, and data integration across systems, could improve the accuracy of reporting for the national HIV/ART and TB programs.
WITHDRAWN: Integration of practice nurse competencies in general practices in Belgium: a qualitative evaluation study of a postgraduate program.
Authors: Matthys Evi , Remmen Roy , Bogaert Peter Van 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Recently, first steps were taken to educate primary care nurses in Belgium and consequently trained practice nurses have only recently been introduced in Belgian general practices. Therefore, it is unclear what the experiences of general practitioners (GPs) and trained practice nurses are concerning these new multidisciplinary collaborations. With this study we would like to report new insights in the visions and experiences of GPs and practice nurses concerning the new postgraduate education for practice nurses, the current and future roles and responsibilities taken on by practice nurses, and the experienced collaboration between GPs and practice nurses. Methods A qualitative research methodology was chosen, based on the principles of a descriptive qualitative research design. This study was conducted in primary healthcare in Belgium. Four focus group interviews were conducted. A total of twenty practice nurses and ten GPs participated. The practice nurses had followed or were currently following the postgraduate program for practice nurses, all the GPs were experienced in collaborating with a trained practice nurse. Results Four major themes could be derived from the data: practice nurses’ roles and responsibilities, importance of protocol care, consequences of the collaboration, and future opportunities and perspectives. GPs expressed the importance of education for practice nurses, in order for them to take on more responsibilities in the practices. Trained practice nurses showed more initiative towards taking on a broader range of tasks. They both expressed the importance of care protocols in support of a good multidisciplinary collaboration. The impact on the daily practice was experienced as far-reaching by GPs. While collaborating with trained practice nurses, GPs experienced the ability to provide a higher quality of care. Conclusion Both GPs and trained practice nurses have positive experiences about providing shared care in general practices. GPs were surprised by the initiative, shown by practice nurses, and by the broad range of tasks nurses took on. The impact of this collaboration on both the daily practice and the quality of patient care, is unanimously experienced as positive, even though it entails a higher workload. GPs have specific future expectations about the practice nurse education and roles.
Effects of Curriculum-Based Sexual and Reproductive health intervention on the comprehensive knowledge and attitude to condom use among first-year students in Arba Minch University: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Boti Negussie , Hussen Sultan , Shegaze Mulugeta , Shibiru Simion , shibiru Tamiru , Zerihun Eshetu , Godana Wanzahun , Abebe Sintayehu , Gebretsadik Woyinshet , Desalegn Nathan , Temtime Zebene 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: To assess the effect of curriculum-based sexual and reproductive health intervention on the comprehensive knowledge and attitude to condom use among first-year students at Arba Minch University. Results: A total of 832 students participated at a baseline, and 820 students participated at posttest. This study found that there was a significant effect on changing students’ knowledge and attitude towards a condom. In the intervention group, the students’ average change of comprehensive condom knowledge score was 0.229 higher than the average score of student’ in the control group (ATE=0.229, 95% CI, 0.132 to 0.328; p < 0.001). The average change of attitude toward condom score of students’ in the intervention group was 1.834 higher than the average change score of students’ in control group (ATE=1.834, 95% CI, 1.195 to 2.772; p < 0.001).This study provides further evidence on the effect of the curriculum-based comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education effective in terms of knowledge and attitude towards a condom. Therefore, this education intervention should be strengthening the implementation of the control and prevent youths from HIV/AIDS and unintended pregnancy.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors, immune status and prognosis of secondary infection of sepsis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chen Yao , Hu Yanyan , Zhang Jin , Shen Yue , Huang Junling , Yin Jun , Wang Ping , Fan Ying , Wang Jianli , Lu Su , Yang Yilin , Yan Lei , Li Keyong , Song Zhenju , Tong Chaoyang , Du Shilin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Secondary infection has a higher incidence in septic patients and affects clinical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, immune status and prognosis of secondary infection of sepsis.

Methods: A four-year retrospective study was carried out in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, enrolling septic patients admitted between January, 2014 and January, 2018. Clinical data were acquired from medical records. CD14+ monocyte human leukocyte antigen-D related (HLA-DR) expression and serum cytokines levels were measured by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively.

Results: A total of 297 septic patients were enrolled, 92 of whom developed 150 cases of secondary infections. Respiratory tract was the most common site of secondary infection (n = 84, 56%) and Acinetobacter baumanii the most commonly isolated pathogen (n = 40, 31%). Urinary and deep venous catheterization increased the risk of secondary infection. Lower HLA-DR expression and elevated IL-10 level were found in secondary infection group. The expected prolonged in-hospital stay owing to secondary infection was 4.63 ± 1.87 days . Secondary infection was also associated with higher in-hospital, 30-day and 90-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test revealed that secondary infection group had worse survival between day 15 and day 90.

Conclusions: Urinary and deep venous catheter indwelling increased the risk of developing secondary infection, in which underlying immunosuppression also played a role. Secondary infection affected outcomes of septic patients and prolonged in-hospital length of stay.
Characterization and Fine Mapping of a Leaf Wilt Mutant, m3, Induced by Heavy Ion Irradiation of Rice
Authors: Peng Xin , Luo Lixin , Cui Huan , Wang Hui , Guo Tao , Liu Yongzhu , Wang Jiafeng , Huang Ming , Yang Guili , Chen Zhiqiang , Xiao Wuming 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutant, named m3, was isolated from a population of the M2 generation derived from an indica accession, BBS, where the seeds of BBS were treated with carbon ion irradiation at a dosage of 100 Gy to produce mutants. The m3 mutant is primarily characterized by the production of abnormal wilted leaves by appearance on the main stem, and additional tillers at the 9‐leaf stage. This abnormal leaf‐wilt phenotype is temporary, persisting only to the 13‐leaf stage, after which subsequent new leaves on the main stem and tiller appear normal. The phenotypic change of m3 during the 9‐ and 13‐leaf growth stages was further confirmed at physiological and biochemical levels. Additionally, compared with the wild type (WT, BBS), the heading date of m3 was noticeably delayed. The numbers of grains per panicle were lower by 32.44% than that of the WT. Moreover, plant height, width of flag leaf, panicle weight per plant, panicle length, and seed‐setting rate of m3 were considerably lower than those of the WT. Our genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype of m3 was controlled by a single recessive gene, designated m3(g). We used recessive F2 individuals and mapped the m3(g) locus to a 3824‐kb region near the centromere of chromosome 11. We also performed a MutMap approach to refine the m3(g) locus to a 1030‐kb region comprising 115 genes, but six genes show nonsynonymous mutations. This study provides essential information for the cloning of the m3(g) gene and demonstrates that the MutMap approach is powerful enough to map a target gene that is located in centromeric regions.
Modeling Interflow under the Influence of Plough Pans for a Sloping Field
Authors: Wencai Dong , Fangfei Cai , Quanjiu Wang , Qiang Fu , Weiyu Shi , Likun Wang 
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas
The soil water content profile is proved and found when interflow occurs.
The function of the main factors on interflow is revealed.
The kinematic wave model is modified to suit the study area.
Plough pans in sloping fields promote interflow. Plough pans are common in sloping fields in the black soil region of northeastern China. The mechanism of interflow differs between sloping fields in this area and other areas. Models for simulating interflow in sloping fields therefore need to be modified. We propose a mechanism of interflow under the influence of plow pans in sloping fields in the black soil region of northeastern China that extends the kinematic wave model to this area with slight modifications. Field and laboratory experiments were performed to assess the accuracy of the new model predictions. The results demonstrate that the interflow profile exists in the experimental land. The slope gradient has little effect on the interflow occurrence time, but the maximum interflow rate increases with increasing slope gradient. The higher the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the earlier the occurrence of interflow and the greater interflow volume per minute. Rainfall intensity affects the time of interflow occurrence and but does not affect the size of the maximum interflow per minute. In the stage of interflow rising, only the lower layer of the two saturated layers above the plow pan generates the interflow. At the stage of interflow withdraw, interflow is generated only in the saturated layer above the plow pan. The model simulated data, which were consistent with the experimental data, suggest that the refined model captured the temporal behavior of interflow for the study area.
GENÔMICA NUTRICIONAL
Authors: Fournier Tristan , Poulain Jean-Pierre , Jacob Michelle 
Published: September 2019

Este artigo investiga, a partir de uma perspectiva sociológica, a emergência da genômica nutricional, um campo de pesquisa que surgiu do Projeto Genoma Humano, cujo objetivo é renovar o diagnóstico, a prevenção e o manejo de patologias crônicas relacionadas à alimentação. Nesta abordagem, a identificação precisa de fatores de risco genéticos e epigenéticos no nível individual pode culminar no desenvolvimento de uma nutrição personalizada. Por isso, é frequentemente apresentada como uma revolução científica. A primeira parte do artigo define esse campo de pesquisa discutindo suas principais questões científicas e apresentando suas aplicações médicas que consistem em: biotecnologia disponível no mercado na última década (via testes nutrigenéticos), bem como um programa de saúde pública (a iniciativa “Primeiros 1000 dias”). Em seguida, foca em suas consequências sociais, éticas e políticas, visto que pode provocar novas formas de responsabilidade nas escalas individual, intergeracional e política, além de estimular a medicalização da alimentação e, consequentemente, sua individualização. Finalmente, o artigo procura compreender em que medida as relações alimentação-saúde no campo da genômica nutricional podem ser melhor analisadas a partir de uma abordagem que religue as ciências sociais, biomédicas e da vida.
Palavras-chave: Meio ambiente. Epigenética. Saúde Pública. Pesquisa Interdisciplinar. Nutrigenômica.
Multi-objective Design Optimization of Microdisk Resonator
Authors: Sutagundar M. , Sheeparamatti B.G. , Jangamshetti D.S. 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
This paper presents a multi-objective design optimization of MEMS disk
resonator using two techniques.

Methods:
Determining the optimized dimensions of disk resonator for a particular resonance frequency
so as to achieve higher quality factor and lower motional resistance is attempted. One
technique used is constraint-based multi-objective optimization using the interior-point algorithm.
The second technique is based on multi-objective genetic algorithm.

Results:
The algorithms are implemented using MATLAB. The two techniques of optimization are
compared.

Conclusion:
The developed optimization methods can provide faster design optimization compared
to full-wave simulators resulting in significant reduction of design time.
Two-phase Motion in Hydrodynamic Counter-current Chromatography
Authors: Ito Yoichiro 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Motion of the two mutually immiscible liquids in hydrodynamic countercurrent
chromatographic systems is speculated based on the observation of their behavior in a
closed coiled tube rotating in unit gravity.

Materials and Methods:
The experiment revealed an up and down pattern of four stages of twophase
volume ratio occupied at the head end of the coil according to the rotation speed. These
two-phase behaviors are comprehensively explained on the bases of interplay between the unit
gravity and centrifugal force generated by rotation of the coil. This theory is successfully extended
to explain the two-phase behavior in a coil undergoing the type-I and type-J planetary motions.

Results and Discussion:
The type-I planetary motion produces the centrifugal force distribution
similar to that of slowly rotating coil in unit gravity (Stage I), where both phases competitively
move toward the head of the coil. In contrast, the type-J planetary motion displays complex distribution
patterns of centrifugal force according to the location of the coil on the holder hence the
two-phase motion varies with the ß values. When ß is 0.5 – 0.75, the force pattern simulates that
of the rotating coil in unit gravity at 120 rpm (Stage III) where the lighter phase moves toward the
head leaving the heavier phase behind.

Conclusion:
This clearly demonstrates the importance of the proper choice of ß values in highspeed
countercurrent chromatography utilizing the type-J planetary motion.
Reverse Nearest Neighbors Query of Moving Objects Based on HRNNTree
Authors: Wang Miao , Wang Xiaotong , Liu Xiaodong , Li Songyang , Li Song 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Reverse nearest neighbors query is an important means to solve many practical
applications based on the concept of Influence Sets. It is widely used in various fields such as
data mining, decision support, resources allocation, knowledge discovery, data flow, bioinformatics
and so on.

Objective:
This work aims to improve time efficiency of Reverse Nearest Neighbors query of moving
objects with large data scale.

Methods:
A new spatio - temporal index HRNN-tree is developed.Then an algorithm for reverse
nearest neighbors query based on HRNN-tree is developed.

Results:
Our algorithm is superior to the existing method in execution time. The performance of our
algorithm is excellent especially for the queries with large data scale and small values of k.

Conclusion:
This study devises a new spatio - temporal index HRNN-tree. Then an algorithm for reverse
nearest neighbor search of moving objects is developed based on this index. This algorithm avoids that the
query performance deteriorates rapidly as the data space grows and has a better performance fort the large
data space. This work will be helpful to enrich and improve the abilities of intelligent analysis, mobile
computing and quantitative query based on distance for spatio - temporal database.
ELEKTROMANYETİK ALAN MARUZİYETİNİN KAS DOKUSUNDA OLUŞTURDUĞU ETKİNİN MODELLENMESİ VE ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖZDİNÇ POLAT Lütfiye Nurel , ÇÖMLEKÇİ Selçuk 
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada günlük hayatta maruziyetinden sakınılamayan
farklı frekanslardaki cihazların oluşturduğu elektromanyetik yayılım için kas
eşdeğer modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Günümüzde elektromanyetik alan yayan
cihazların kullanımının giderek yaygınlaşması maruz kalınan frekans ve güç
seviyelerinin çeşitliliğini artırmaktadır. Elektromanyetik dalgalar farklı
güçlerde ve farklı frekanslarda, insan vücudunda değişik etkilerde
bulunmaktadır. Bu etkiler vücutta dokuları ısıtmakta veya kimyasal yoldan
değişimlere yol açmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada, 900 MHz ve 1800 MHz frekanslarındaki
cep telefonu, 2.45 GHz frekansındaki kablosuz haberleşme cihazlarının ve ayrıca
27.12 MHz frekansındaki tıbbi fizyoterapi tedavi cihazlarının (kısa dalga
diatermi) insan kas dokusu üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amaçlı kas eşdeğer
sıvıları oluşturulmuştur. Bu oluşturulan fantom model üzerinde elektromanyetik
maruziyetin neden olduğu ısıl değişimler ölçülmüştür.
3 BOYUTLU YAZICI TEKNOLOJİSİ İLE BİR MİKROŞERİT YAMA ANTENİN MALİYET ETKİN ÜRETİMİ
Authors: MAHOUTI Peyman 
Published: September 2019

Günümüz iletişim
sistemlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan anten modellerinden biri mikroşerit yama
antendir. Mikroşerit yama antenler düzlemsel yapılara sahip olmaları nedeni ile
birçok kablosuz haberleşme uygulamasında kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu yapılar
genellikle düşük maliyetli olması için; düşük hassasiyetli, çevreye zararlı ve
sağlık riski taşıyan bakır eritme perhidrol tuz ruhu yöntemi veya maliyeti çok
daha yüksek, çevreye daha az zararlı ve daha düşük üretim hatası olan mekanik
kazıma veya lazer kesim tekniği ile üretilmektedir. Son yıllarda hızlı,
doğruluğu yüksek ve düşük maliyetli üretim işlemi için geliştirilen
yeniliklerden biri, 3 boyutlu (3B) yazıcı teknolojisidir. Bu çalışma
kapsamında, 3B yazıcı teknolojisinde en yaygın kullanılan tekniklerden biri
olan Eritilmiş Dökme Modelleme teknolojisi kullanılarak geleneksel bakır
eritme, kazıma veya lazer kesim üretim teknikleri yerine, maliyeti düşük,
hassasiyeti yüksek ve çevre dostu bir üretim tekniği sunulmuştur. Bu kapsamda tipik
bir mikroşerit yama anten modeli 3B elektromanyetik benzetim ortamı CST de
oluşturulmuştur. Tasarıma ait performans kriterleri incelendikten sonra uygun
tasarım modelinin 3B yazıcı teknolojisi ile üretimi gerçekleştirilip deneysel
sonuçlarının benzetim sonuçları ile kıyaslanması yapılmıştır. Üretilen anten
modelinin 2.45GHz frekansında geri dönüş kaybı -15 dB ve kazancı 7.1 dBi olarak
ölçülmüştür. Böylelikle kullanımı ile
hızlı, çevre dostu, sağlığa tehdidi olmayan, ulaşılabilinir, maliyet etkin
hassasiyeti yüksek tasarımların gerçekleştirilebileceği görülmüştür.
SHAİNİN DENEY TASARIMI İLE İPLİK MUKAVEMETLERİ ÜZERİNDE ÇIKTI DEĞİŞKENLİĞİNİN AZALTILMASI
Authors: OLGUN Mehmet Onur , ÇİFTCİ Suat 
Published: September 2019

Günümüzde rekabetin artması
dolayısıyla iyi ürün veya kaliteli hizmet sunmak önemli bir problem haline
gelmiştir. İşletmeler, kalite problemlerini gidermek ve müşteri memnuniyetini
sağlamak amacıyla birçok yönteme başvurmuştur. Bu yöntemlerden birisi de deney
tasarımıdır. Deney tasarımı ile parametre değerleri ile çıktı değişkeni
üzerinde değişimde azalma sağlanır. Bu çalışmada çıktı değişkenliğini azaltmaya
yönelik Shainin deney tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Uygulama iplik üretimi yapan bir
firmada yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada işletmenin 30/1 PTR olarak isimlendirdiği ipkiklerdeki çıktı
değişkenliği ele alınmıştır. İpliklerin mukavemetleri üzerindeki çıktı
değişkenliği neden olan faktörler elyaf uzunluğu, elyaf mukavemeti, büküm
miktarı olarak belirlenmiştir.