bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AS INFÂNCIAS NA LITERATURA LATINOAMERICANA: QUAIS OS LUGARES DA MENINA E DA MULHER NEGRAS?
Authors: Kaplan Carina Viviana , Xavier Nubea Rodrigues 
Published: March 2018

Ao falarmos sobre crianças, mulheres e negros temos como objetivo ressaltar os comportamentos que são dirimidos ao feminino, sob um modelo hierárquico e androcêntrico, existentes a partir das relações de poder. A análise se pautará na compreensão das diversas infâncias existentes, descritas em três países Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai, no período de 1930 a 1940, formalizando uma compreensão da imagem do negro elaborada pela escrita de autoras mulheres que narram em suas autobiografi as, reminiscências e representação social. Como pressupostoteórico-metodológico pautar-nos-emos nos estudos sociológicos eliasianos para obter as diversas relações de poder que nos apresentam sob fi gurações sociais e como resultados, apontaremos como a imagem do negro foi construída socialmente,ancorada numa premissa estereotipada e defectiva.
Unified Weak and Strong Soil Tests to Estimate Intrinsic Plant Available Phosphorus Pools
Authors: Shuai Xiufu , Ma Liwang , Wendroth Ole 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Weakly and tightly adsorbed P pools referred to the surface complexes and P adsorption reaction.Modified Truog extractable P contained both two intrinsic P pools.Latent intrinsic P pools were not directly observed but rather inferred.Extraction efficiencies of the two P pools by the modified Truog method were related to P sorption site density.Two soil intrinsic P pools unify many soil P tests which can be grouped as two categories of weak extractants and strong extractants.
Novel approaches for defining and measuring intrinsic P were developed based on the soil P adsorption reactions kinetics in tropical soils. Weakly and tightly adsorbed P pools were proposed as latent variables to describe the internal soil P status. The Olsen extractable P by a weak soil test contained only the weakly adsorbed P pool, and the modified Truog extractable P by a strong soil test contained both pools. The objectives of this study were to develop and test a new method that estimates the tightly adsorbed P pool using mathematical models derived from the state–space modeling technique. Five fertilizer phosphate (0–800 mg P kg−1 soil) rates were applied to seven tropical soils. Soil P was then extracted with the Olsen and modified Truog methods at nine times during a 180 d incubation. Results showed that the extraction efficiencies by the modified Truog method decreased as soil P sorption site density increased. For the seven soils, 22% to 62% of the weakly adsorbed P pool was extracted by the modified Truog method, and it was 28.8% higher than the Olsen method. For soils with low P sorption capacity, 14% to 36% of the tightly adsorbed P pool was extracted by the modified Truog method whereas only small portions were extracted from soils with high P sorption capacity. This research can be used to develop a mechanistic approach for determining P recommendations designed to optimal yields and minimize the impact of agriculture on the environment.
Modeling Regional Effects of Climate Change on Soil Organic Carbon in Spain
Authors: Jebari Asma , del Prado Agustin , Pardo Guillermo , Rodríguez Martín José Antonio , Álvaro‐Fuentes Jorge 
Published: March 2018

Soil organic C (SOC) stock assessments at the regional scale under climate change scenarios are of paramount importance in implementing soil management practices to mitigate climate change. In this study, we estimated the changes in SOC sequestration under climate change conditions in agricultural land in Spain using the RothC model at the regional level. Four Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate change scenarios (CGCM2‐A2, CGCM2‐B2, ECHAM4‐A2, and ECHAM4‐B2) were used to simulate SOC changes during the 2010 to 2100 period across a total surface area of 2.33 × 104 km2. Although RothC predicted a general increase in SOC stocks by 2100 under all climate change scenarios, these SOC sequestration rates were smaller than those under baseline conditions. Moreover, this SOC response differed among climate change scenarios, and in some situations, some losses of SOC occurred. The greatest losses of C stocks were found mainly in the ECHAM4 (highest temperature rise and precipitation drop) scenarios and for rainfed and certain woody crops (lower C inputs). Under climate change conditions, management practices including no‐tillage for rainfed crops and vegetation cover for woody crops were predicted to double and quadruple C sequestration rates, reaching values of 0.47 and 0.35 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, respectively.Core Ideas
The model predicted a general increase in SOC stocks by 2100 in all climate scenarios.
Irrigated crops showed the largest SOC stocks.
Carbon inputs were the most important driver for SOC stocks.
No‐tillage and cover crops have at least doubled SOC sequestration rates.
In situ continuous monitoring of nitrogen with ion-selective electrodes in a constructed wetland receiving treated wastewater: an operating protocol to obtain reliable data
Authors: Papias Sandrine , Masson Matthieu , Pelletant Sébastien , Prost-Boucle Stéphanie , Boutin Catherine 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Constructed wetlands receiving treated wastewater (CWtw) are placed between wastewater treatment plants and receiving water bodies, under the perception that they increase water quality. A better understanding of the CWtw functioning is required to evaluate their real performance. To achieve this, in situ continuous monitoring of nitrate and ammonium concentrations with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) can provide valuable information. However, this measurement needs precautions to be taken to produce good data quality, especially in areas with high effluent quality requirements. In order to study the functioning of a CWtw instrumented with six ISE probes, we have developed an appropriate methodology for probe management and data processing. It is based on an evaluation of performance in the laboratory and an adapted field protocol for calibration, data treatment and validation. The result is an operating protocol concerning an acceptable cleaning frequency of 2 weeks, a complementary calibration using CWtw water, a drift evaluation and the determination of limits of quantification (1 mgN/L for ammonium and 0.5 mgN/L for nitrate). An example of a 9-month validated dataset confirms that it is fundamental to include the technical limitations of the measuring equipment and set appropriate maintenance and calibration methodologies in order to ensure an accurate interpretation of data.
The Case for Day Case: Reduced Inpatient Stays with the use of Day Case Management in Hyperemesis Study
Authors: Ryan Neil , Zhou Charlie , Sewell Thomas , Ingamells Sarah , Zinger Paul , Mears Jane , Lalrinawmi Lalrinawmi 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a major health burden affecting between
1-2% of all pregnancies. The sequelae of the condition can be fatal. There is current equipoise as to
how best to manage the condition; that is inpatient versus outpatient management.

Objective:
This study investigated the total length of stay for patients diagnosed with HG, comparing
those who were managed as inpatients as opposed to those managed in a day case setting. A
case control methodology was utilized. Two tertiary referral centres for HG of similar size and
demographic were selected. One preferentially used day case management. The other uses inpatient
management.

Results:
In total 61 day, case managed patients and 91 inpatient managed patients were recruited to
the study. Adjusting for readmission, total length of stay was 4.08 days for inpatient managed patients
compared to 0.39 days for day case managed patients (p=0.0002).

Conclusion:
Day case managed patients for HG have a significantly shorter length of stay. There is
no predictive value in the reviewed serum biomarkers as to the likelihood of re-admission.
Effects of the Environmental Attitude and Responsibility on Household Waste Separation: Evidence from Iranian Married Women
Authors: Ahmadi Siroos 
Published: March 2018

Background:Women can play an important role in relieving problems in every society but this capacity has been neglected especially in developing countries. Given the intensification of the waste issue in Iran, this research aimed to investigate the effect of environmental attitude and responsibility of married women on household waste separation as a significant strategy to alleviating waste problem.Methods:This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 562 married women in two Iranian provinces; Kohgiluye and Boyerahmad, and Fars.Findings:Research findings using structural equation model suggested that; the environmental attitude and responsibility positively affect on HWS (R2=.66). Furthermore, HWS was significantly different in terms of demographic variables of education, age, job, city of residence, years of marriage, and number of children.Conclusion:The study concluded that; by improving the married women’s environmental attitude, responsibility, education level, and employment chances, HWS as an urgent need of the country will be significantly developed.
Higher Intraocular Pressure Levels Associated With Lower Hysteresis In Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bekmez Sinan , Kocaturk Tolga 
Published: March 2018

Aim:
To investigate the differences of corneal biomechanic characteristics using Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert; USA) on type 2 diabetics and healthy subjects.

Methods:
One hundred eyes of 100 subjects (between the ages of 17-91) who applied to Adnan Menderes University’s Ophthalmology Clinic between January-March 2015 were included in this study, 50 diabetics (Group 1) and 50 healthy controls (Group 2). The eyes included in the study were randomly chosen. Corneal Hysteresis (CH), Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF), Goldmann correlated Intraocular Pressure (IOPg) and corneal compensated Intraocular Pressure (IOPcc) of patients were measured by ORA. Detailed ophthalmological examinations were done for every subject. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to analyze the distribution of quantitative variables and t test was used for the data that were normally distributed. Any p value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
The mean ages were 63.3±9.0 and 61.7±11.6 in Group 1 and 2, respectively (p=0.459). 25 (50.0%) were female, 25 (50.0%) were male in Group 1 and 26 (52.0%) were female, 24 (48.0%) were male in Group 2 (p=1.000). Mean IOPcc values were 17.8±3.6 (12.1-29.0) and 16.0±3.1 (10.9-23.8) mmHg (p=0.006); mean IOPg values were 16.9±3.5 (10.9-25.9) and 15.4±2.9 (9.0-24.7) mmHg (p=0.032); mean CH values were 9.9±1.5 (6.1-13.3) and 10.5±1.7 (6.5-15.7) (p=0.080) and mean CRF values were 10.4±1.6 (7.5-14.0) and 10.5±1.7 (6.6-15.4) (p=0.730) in Groups 1 and 2, respectively.

Conclusions:
There was no any statistical difference between the groups in terms of CH and CRF. However, mean CH and CRF values were found less in diabetic group. Corneal biomechanical differences seen in diabetic patients may be associated with a statistically significantly higher IOP measurements.
An Improvement of E-Systems over Networks via the use of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jasim Yaser A. 
Published: March 2018

<p>Nowadays, many research has been dedicated to the distribution of expert systems; unfortunately, few have deliberated the study of <em>Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol</em> (DHCP). In this paper, the researcher will demonstrate the construction of vacuum tubes, which embodies the principles of software engineering. In order to classify this challenge, the researcher argues not only that <em>local-area networks</em> (LAN) can be made event-driven, stable, and random but the same is true for the <em>Universal Automatic Computer</em> (UNIVAC). </p>
Pengenalan Pola Angka Tulisan Tangan Pada Cek Menggunakan Neocognitron
Authors: Rosnelly Rika 
Published: March 2018

Pola angka tulisan tangan pada cek merupakan hal yang sangat beragam bentuk, dimana tulisan tangan manusia tidak sama antara satu dengan lainnya sehingga apabila tulisan seseorang belum bisa dikenali oleh beberapa orang merupakan suatu masalah, baik itu untuk aktivitas transaksi maupun aktivitas lainnya. Sementara untuk tulisan tangan merupakan hal yang sangat diutamakan dalam segala bidang. Teknik-teknik pengenalan pola yang dapat dipakai meliputi teknik-teknik yang berdasarkan statistik, pendekatan sistem pakar dan algoritma jaringan saraf tiruan. Neocognitron dirancang untuk mengenali karakter tulisan tangan seperti angka arab, huruf jepang, jawa dan sebagainya. Algoritma neocognitron pada jaringan saraf tiruan dapat menghasilkan pengenalan pola dengan pembelajaran yang lebih sederhana dan waktu pembelajaran yang lebih singkat. Hasil menunjukkan pola angka tulisan tangan dapat dikenali dengan baik.
On the Social Value of Accounting Objectivity in Financial Stability
Authors: Liang Pierre Jinghong , Zhang Gaoqing 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we analyze the social value of accounting objectivity in maintaining financial stability. Building on an early influential accounting study by Ijiri and Jaedicke (1966), we operationalize two informational properties, accuracy (free of collective bias) and objectivity (degree of consensus), in a correlated information structure and embed them into a model of runs on financial institutions. We show that when compared with the accuracy property, the objectivity property exhibits an advantage in mitigating inefficient panic-based runs. In fact, it is possible that improving objectivity discourages such runs, whereas improving accuracy encourages them. Our model also sheds light on the design of optimal accounting systems to enhance objectivity. We find that to generate a more objective accounting report, accounting systems should be designed to be less vulnerable to intentional managerial intervention.
Pembelajaran Inovatif di Sekolah Berdasarkan Paradigma Teori Belajar Humanistik
Authors: Yuliandri Miki 
Published: March 2018

This research aims to describe the paradigm of humanistic learning theory in implementing innovative learning in elementary school. The method used in this research is library research which data comes from various sources, both from libraries and various websites that exist on the internet. The source are books, encyclopedias, dictionaries, journals, documents, magazines, and others. Techniques in collecting data that used in this study is documentation. Furthermore, the data analysis technique used in this research is content analysis. The results of this study attempt to illustrate that innovative learning is a learning designed by teachers in new way. The new design made to facilitate learners in building knowledge in the process of behavior change. In addition, the theory of humanistic learning is a theory that helps learners to enjoy learning on subject matter in developing the potential of students themselves to a better direction. Thus, humanistic learning theory can be used to implement innovative learning in primary schools. Humanistic learning theory emphasizes guidance education, develops and directs students basic potential in terms of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor.
Keywords: learning theory, humanistic, innovative learning
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan paradigma teori belajar humanistik dalam mengimplementasikan pembelajaran inovatif di sekolah dasar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode library research yang data-datanya berasal dari berbagai sumber, baik dari perpustakaan maupun berbagai website yang ada di internet meliputi buku, ensiklopedi, kamus, jurnal, dokumen, majalah, dan lain-lain. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dokumentasi. Selanjutnya, teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini berusaha menggambarkan bahwa pembelajaran inovatif merupakan pembelajaran yang dirancang oleh guru yang sifatnya baru, untuk menfasilitasi peserta didik dalam membangun pengetahuannya pada proses perubahan perilaku. Di samping itu, teori belajar humanistik merupakan sebuah teori yang membantu peserta didik untuk senang belajar pada suatu objek atau materi pelajaran dalam mengembangkan potensi diri peserta didik ke arah yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian teori belajar humanistik dapat digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan pembelajaran inovatif di sekolah dasar. Teori belajar humanistik menekankan pada pendidikan membimbing, mengembangkan dan mengarahkan potensi dasar peserta didik baik dari segi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor.
Kata kunci: teori belajar, humanistik, pembelajaran inovatif
Outcomes of and risk factors for presumed canine H3N2 influenza virus infection in a metropolitan outbreak
Authors: Dunn Danielle , Creevy Kate E. , Krimer Paula M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine clinical signs, case fatality rate, and factors associated with positive results of PCR testing for canine influenza virus (CIV) in dogs during an H3N2 CIV outbreak in the Atlanta area.
DESIGN Cross-sectional study.
ANIMALS 220 dogs with a nasal swab specimen submitted to an Atlanta-area diagnostic laboratory between May 1 and July 2, 2015, for PCR assay detection of CIV specifically or CIV and 5 other respiratory pathogens.
PROCEDURES Veterinarians of tested dogs were surveyed by various means to collect information regarding clinical signs, survival status at the time of survey completion, vaccination history (≤ 12 months prior to testing), and travel history (≤ 2 months prior to testing). Data were compared between CIV-positive and CIV-negative dogs.
RESULTS Surveys for 120 (55%) dogs were completed. Forty (33%) of these dogs had positive results of CIV testing. No significant differences were identified between CIV-positive and CIV-negative dogs regarding breed, sex, reproductive status, duration of clinical signs prior to testing, other dogs in the household, or travel history. When other factors were controlled for, CIV-positive dogs were more likely to be adult (> 1 year of age) than juvenile (≤ 1 year of age) and to be inappetent. Only 1 (3%) CIV-positive dog died during the study period (shortly after it was evaluated because of respiratory signs).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE From May 1 to July 2, 2015, the reported clinical signs of dogs tested during the Georgia H3N2 CIV outbreak were similar to those reported for dogs with H3N8 CIV infection, and the case fatality rate was low.
Case-control study to determine herd-level risk factors for bovine respiratory disease in nursing beef calves on cow-calf operations
Authors: Woolums Amelia R. , Berghaus Roy D. , Smith David R. , Daly Russell F. , Stokka Gerald L. , White Brad J. , Avra Tucker , Daniel Ali T. , Jenerette Matt 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine herd-level risk factors for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in nursing beef calves.
DESIGN Matched case-control study.
SAMPLE 84 cow-calf operations in Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota.
PROCEDURES Case herds were herds that treated at least 5% of the calf crop for BRD prior to weaning. Control herds were herds that treated < 0.5% of the calf crop for BRD prior to weaning. Each case herd was matched with 2 control herds on the basis of veterinary practice and enrollment year. Herd owners or managers were interviewed by telephone, and characteristics and practices associated with case status were determined by multivariable conditional logistic regression.
RESULTS 30 case herds and 54 control herds were evaluated. Increasing herd size, frequent pasture movement for intensive grass management (intensive grazing), and use of estrus-synchronization programs were significantly associated with herd status. The odds of being a case herd for herds with 150 to 499 cows was 7.9 times and that for herds with ≥ 500 cows was 12 times, compared with the odds of being a case herd for herds with < 150 cows. The odds of being a case herd for herds that used intensive grazing was 3.3 times that for herds that did not use intensive grazing. The odds of being a case herd for herds that used an estrus-synchronization program was 4.5 times that for herds that did not use an estrus-synchronization program.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Management practices can be associated with an increase in the BRD incidence in nursing beef calves. Modification of management practices may decrease BRD incidence in nursing calves for herds in which it is a problem.
Analysis of a First Professional Year Student Wellness Program
Authors: Lewellyan Colleen M , Bouwma Allison C , Salvati Lisa A , Bright David R , Sohn Minji 
Published: March 2018

Objective: To identify wellness-related needs and assess the impact of wellness-related offerings among first professional year pharmacy students.
Innovation: A survey tool was developed and offered to P1 students at the beginning and end of their fall and spring semesters. Additional biometric data was also collected to help identify wellness needs. Data from the first academic year (AY1) was used to develop targeted wellness interventions offered to P1 students during the subsequent academic year (AY2). Assessment strategies from AY1 were repeated with minor modifications in AY2 to identify changes in baseline needs and changes in markers across the academic year.
Critical Analysis: AY1 survey response rates varied from 20.1% to 47.4% across the semester. Frequent dissatisfaction was reported with diet, weight, and exercise. AY2 survey response rates varied from 15.8% to 58.3% across the semester. The AY2 cohort demonstrated similar dissatisfaction data; however, also demonstrated lower baseline stress scores as compared to the AY1 cohort, higher baseline BMI, and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Individual interventions offered to AY2 students were attended by as many as 16.5% of the academic cohort. Nutrition classes exhibited stronger attendance than fitness classes.
Next Steps: The process used in this study was easily implemented and provided understanding of wellness gaps, which helped to identify interventions that were implemented and assessed. The process also demonstrated that wellness needs can vary from one population to another, reinforcing the value of periodic assessment to identify changing needs.

Type: Note
Analisis Kinerja Rantai Pasok Ikan Nila Pada Bandar Sriandoyo Kecamatan Tugumulyo Kabupaten Musi Rawas: Pendekatan Food Supply Chain Networks (FCSN)
Authors: Setiadi Setiadi 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT Supply chain network of tilapia products, which is run by Bandar Sriandoyo as a business unit engaged in the marketing and distribution of tilapia fish in partnership with tilapia fish farmers in Tugumulyo District Musi Rawas Regency, has a goal to meet some of the needs of tilapia products for consumers in region of South Sumatera Province. The model of supply chain of indigo fish in Musi Rawas Regency is discussed descriptively by using development method following Food Supply Chain Networks (FSCN) process framework. The results showed that the supply chain of tilapia fish at Bandar Sriandoyo in Tugumulyo District of Musi Rawas Regency based on FSCN approach involves supply chain members consisting of partner farmers, Bandar Sriandoyo, bakul (wholesalers), and retailers. The flow patterns of goods, financial flows, and the flow of information have generally been relatively good. In particular, the dynamic flow of information becomes an important factor in the running of business processes and collaborative planning, as well as building trust among the members of the indigo fish supply chain.