bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of 3D Transport-induced Disequilibrium Carbon Chemistry on the Atmospheric Structure, Phase Curves, and Emission Spectra of Hot Jupiter HD 189733b
Authors: Steinrueck Maria E. , Parmentier Vivien , Showman Adam P. , Lothringer Joshua D. , Lupu Roxana E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
On hot Jupiter exoplanets, strong horizontal and vertical winds should homogenize the abundances of the important absorbers CH4 and CO much faster than chemical reactions restore chemical equilibrium. This effect, typically neglected in general circulation models (GCMs), has been suggested to explain discrepancies between observed infrared light curves and those predicted by GCMs. On the nightsides of several hot Jupiters, GCMs predict outgoing fluxes that are too large, especially in the Spitzer 4.5 μm band. We modified the SPARC/MITgcm to include disequilibrium abundances of CH4, CO, and H2O by assuming that the CH4/CO ratio is constant throughout the simulation domain. We ran simulations of hot Jupiter HD 189733b with eight CH4/CO ratios. In the more likely CO-dominated regime, we find temperature changes ≥50–100 K compared to the simulation for equilibrium chemistry across large regions. This effect is large enough to affect predicted emission spectra and should thus be included in GCMs of hot Jupiters with equilibrium temperatures between 600 and 1300 K. We find that spectra in regions with strong methane absorption, including the Spitzer 3.6 and 8 μm bands, are strongly impacted by disequilibrium abundances. We expect chemical quenching to result in much larger nightside fluxes in the 3.6 μm band, in stark contrast to observations. Meanwhile, we find almost no effect on predicted observations in the 4.5 μm band, because the changes in opacity due to CO and H2O offset each other. We thus conclude that disequilibrium carbon chemistry cannot explain the observed low nightside fluxes in the 4.5 μm band.
The Amplitude of Solar p-mode Oscillations from Three-dimensional Convection Simulations
Authors: Zhou Yixiao , Asplund Martin , Collet Remo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The amplitude of solar p-mode oscillations is governed by stochastic excitation and mode damping, both of which take place in the surface convection zone. However, the time-dependent, turbulent nature of convection makes it difficult to self-consistently study excitation and damping processes through the use of traditional one-dimensional (1D) hydrostatic models. To this end, we carried out ab initio three-dimensional (3D), hydrodynamical numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere to investigate how p-modes are driven and dissipated in the Sun. The description of surface convection in the simulations is free from the tunable parameters typically adopted in traditional 1D models. Mode excitation and damping rates are computed based on analytical expressions whose ingredients are evaluated directly from the 3D model. With excitation and damping rates both available, we estimate the theoretical oscillation amplitude and frequency of maximum power,

ν

max

, for the Sun. We compare our numerical results with helioseismic observations, finding encouraging agreement between the two. The numerical method presented here provides a novel way to investigate the physical processes responsible for mode driving and damping, and should be valid for all solar-type oscillating stars.
Delay-time Distributions of Solar Energetic Particles
Authors: Bian N. H. , Emslie A. Gordon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present an analytic model for the intensity-time profile of solar energetic particle events, based on considerations related to the delay-time distribution that results from interplanetary scattering of a focused distribution of energetic particles. For instantaneous injection, the intensity-time profile is shown to be well described by a Lévy distribution at times up to and just past the time of peak intensity. This allows a fitting procedure that uses velocity dispersion analysis of both the onset time and the peak time to estimate the time of particle release, the magnetic connection length, and the scattering length (and its dependence on velocity). Furthermore, the delay-time distribution can be used as a Green function response when taking into account particle injections of finite duration, in order to infer the release time profile in extended events.
On the Reliability of Magnetic Energy and Helicity Computations Based on Nonlinear Force-free Coronal Magnetic Field Models
Authors: Thalmann Julia K. , Linan L. , Pariat E. , Valori G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We demonstrate the sensitivity of magnetic energy and helicity computations regarding the quality of the underlying coronal magnetic field model. We apply the method of Wiegelmann & Inhester to a series of Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager vector magnetograms, and discuss nonlinear force-free (NLFF) solutions based on two different sets of the free model parameters. The two time series differ from each other concerning their force-free and solenoidal quality. Both force- and divergence-freeness are required for a consistent NLFF solution. Full satisfaction of the solenoidal property is inherent in the definition of relative magnetic helicity in order to ensure gauge independence. We apply two different magnetic helicity computation methods to both NLFF time series and find that the output is highly dependent on the level to which the NLFF magnetic fields satisfy the divergence-free condition, with the computed magnetic energy being less sensitive than the relative helicity. Proxies for the nonpotentiality and eruptivity derived from both quantities are also shown to depend strongly on the solenoidal property of the NLFF fields. As a reference for future applications, we provide quantitative thresholds for the force- and divergence-freeness, for the assurance of reliable computation of magnetic energy and helicity, and of their related eruptivity proxies.
La représentation syndicale des femmes, de l’adhésion à la prise de responsabilités : une inclusion socialement sélective
Authors: Lescurieux Maxime 
Published: July 2019

En s’appuyant sur les données de l’enquête Relations professionnelles et négociations d’entreprise (REPONSE) de la Dares et de l’enquête Statistiques sur les ressources et conditions de vie (SRCV) de l’Insee, l’article explore le rôle des politiques volontaristes et de la mutation des organisations syndicales sur l’engagement des femmes depuis la fin des années 1990. Bien que l’on assiste à une relative féminisation du tissu militant, les femmes sont encore sous-représentées au sein du mouvement syndical en 2010. Dans un contexte législatif qui porte dorénavant une exigence d’inclusion des femmes au sein de différentes sphères d’activité (notamment politique et militante) et le renforcement du modèle du cumul des mandats syndicaux, au sens où limiter son engagement reste difficile, l’article rend compte d’un effet ambivalent sur la présence des femmes au sein de l’institution syndicale : plus de femmes cadres, et moins d’ouvrières et d’employées.
« Asi se baila en mi tierra ». Les Warmishinas dans les danses populaires andines : le cas du groupe de danse Ñuca Trans
Authors: Venegas Ferrin Nela 
Published: July 2019

Ñuca Trans est un groupe de personnes transgenres équatoriennes qui font des spectacles de danse folklorique depuis 2008. Ses membres ont commencé par reprendre dans une Marche des Fiertés LGBTI les danses traditionnelles de la cérémonie de l’Inti Raymi, la fête du Soleil héritée des Incas. Peu à peu, elles ont organisé des spectacles et se sont professionnalisées. Nous questionnons dans cet article leur double processus d’identification : à des personnes transgenres, et à des indigènes dépositaires d’une tradition folklorique. À partir d’entretiens que nous avons menés avec les membres du groupe, nous interrogeons aussi bien la problématique du genre que la question culturelle. Quelles sont les représentations et les autoreprésentations de genre que développent ces artistes, dans un contexte esthétique où l’influence queer nord-américaine est prééminente ? Les Ñuca Trans œuvrent-elles à une réappropriation de la tradition, ou à l’inverse à une résistance culturelle, à la création d’interstices esthétiques qui réinventent les codes de cette danse traditionnelle ? Pour répondre à ces questions, il est nécessaire d’interroger la notion même de folklore, et la pratique de la estampa de la région andine, et d’imaginer une manière spontanée et micropolitique de revendiquer une place dans une société hétéronormée où la tradition est naturalisée.
Le metteur en scène vu comme un capitaine de navire
Authors: Gandolfi Roberta 
Published: July 2019

Cette contribution concerne le discours sur la mise en scène, entre autoreprésentations des artistes et études critiques : comme s’est-il développé à partir du modernisme théâtral ? Quelles images et métaphores sont devenues canoniques et ont-elles été l’objet de négociations de la part des artistes et du discours historiographique et critique ? Est-il possible de faire une analyse selon la perspective du genre, afin d’observer comment les metteurs et les metteuses en scène se sont positionné·e·s par rapport à ce discours ? J’analyse la célèbre métaphore du metteur-en-scène comme capitaine d’un navire, qui nourrit la canonisation du metteur en scène en tant que leader du travail théâtral, à travers plusieurs exemples : Gordon Craig une empreinte fortement hiérarchique (il parlait de « discipline » et « obéissance ») ; puis, la puissance normative de ce discours, qui parfois a amené les études théâtrales à une certaine cécité, voir une incapacité à reconnaitre d’autres modalités de création dans le théâtre contemporain ; enfin, les ruses des metteurs en scène, hommes et femmes, de Peter Brook à Ariane Mnouchkine, pour reconfigurer la métaphore du capitaine de navire, au-delà de sa connotation hiérarchique et genrée (un homme aux commandes), et pour l’adapter à différentes manières de faire et logiques créatives.
Culture du corps et naturisme, l’influence américaine
Authors: Philippe-Meden Pierre 
Published: July 2019

À la fin du dix-neuvième siècle et au début du vingtième siècle en France deux tendances américaines influencent les précurseurs de l’éducation physique : la culture du corps et la culture physique qui se distingue de la première par ses connotations naturistes et végétariennes. L’analyse des références explicites à ces tendances dans la revue L’Éducation Physique permet de saisir les enjeux, les points de divergence et de convergence entre ces deux tendances.
À quoi jouons-nous ? Jouer, rejouer, déjouer la scène contemporaine
Authors: Jaulin Aline 
Published: July 2019

Au xxie siècle, le ludisme infiltre la scène contemporaine, théâtrale, chorégraphique, performative. Les artistes s’inspirent de modèles de jeux préexistants – jeu de société, jeu de piste, jeu vidéo –, à l’instar du Jeu de l’oie du spectacle vivant de Julien Fournet (2010) et de Situation Rooms du collectif Rimini Protokoll (2013). S’inscrivant dans l’héritage de l’histoire de l’art depuis le début du xxe siècle, imposant des règles, des canulars et des transgressions, ces formes artistiques placent le spectateur, devenu participant, au centre de la relation théâtrale, sans que l’interprète y soit toujours nécessairement associé. Si elles concilient des exigences de divertissement et de fonction critique, ces formes tendent par ailleurs de plus en plus à s’autonomiser de leurs concepteurs. Nous verrons à travers les deux exemples analysés comment la scène contemporaine s’empare, par le jeu, de ces différents impératifs.
Et si on mentait ? Quelques règles d’un jeu de dupes…
Authors: Dubouilh Sandrine 
Published: July 2019

Si, comme le suggère Florence Dupont, le ludisme peut se définir, entre autres, par la réduction des fins aux moyens, le paradigme ludique devient alors l’occasion de se pencher sur ces moyens scéniques, trucs, trucages et illusions, qui ont jalonné l’histoire du théâtre et d’apprécier des objets spectaculaires délaissés ou enfermés dans de simples performances techniques. En contrepoint des théories condamnant le mensonge et survalorisant le réel, en contrepoint aussi de discours stigmatisant une société du jeu prenant le relais de la « société du spectacle », le ludisme peut être pensé comme un vecteur de réenchantement. Dès lors, certains objets spectaculaires, tels que les fantasmagories de Robertson ou les constructions géantes de La Machine, offrent une voie intermédiaire à l’expérience spectatrice trop longtemps tiraillée entre la raison et la crédulité.
Les jeux de la poésie et du hasard (Sardaigne)
Authors: Manca Maria 
Published: July 2019

La Sardaigne traditionnelle n’offre pas d’exemple de théâtre à proprement parler. Mais lors des fêtes sont pratiqués des jeux poétiques avec le hasard, comme le maju (jeu de mai) et la gara poetica (joute poétique), qui à leur manière constituent des « spectacles ». Ces jeux ont en commun de convoquer le hasard et de jouer avec lui en suivant les règles d’un game. Mais pour répondre au hasard, ils se présentent aussi sous la forme d’un play qui construit un temps et un espace, entretient une tension dramatique et distribue des rôles, met en scène des paroles poétiques chantées. L’observation de ces deux pratiques dans leur performance et leur fonctionnement amènera à étudier comment, sans être du théâtre, ces jeux de poésie et de hasard engagent, chacun à sa manière, toute une communauté participante qui se met elle-même en scène et en jeu à travers ce que l’on pourrait appeler un « théâtre de soi ».
Transparence et loyauté, deux motifs de la régulation des algorithmes
Authors: Chevret-Castellani Christine , Labelle Sarah 
Published: July 2019

Les questions posées par la place que la technique acquiert dans nos sociétés contemporaines sont traduites par des notions qui recouvrent des modalités de relation face à ce qui est inconnu et incertain. Les choix terminologiques, « transparence » et « loyauté », mobilisés pour envisager la régulation des algorithmes, renvoient non seulement à des conceptions des plates-formes mais aussi à des conceptions des relations que les usagers, qu’ils soient clients ou bénéficiaires, entretiennent avec elles. Les acteurs publics construisent ainsi, grâce à ces notions, un discours sur leur rôle social et le maintien d’un cadre démocratique : elles participent à la constitution de motifs.
Worldwide trend in measles incidence from 1980 to 2016
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Y , Sakthivel M , Eliyas SK , Surendran G , Sarveswaran G 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Decline in measles cases has not been uniform across countries and regions. Hence, we assessed the trend of measles from 1980 to 2016 with respect to WHO regions, World Bank income groups, and globally.

Methods:
We have conducted secondary data analysis by using the data on measles incidence from Global Health Observatory. For clustering adjustment, random intercept modeling with negative binomial distribution was used.

Results:
Globally, there was decline in the measles incidence from 4211,431 in 1980 to 132,325 in 2016. This accounts for around 8% decline in the measles cases every year (IRR – 0.92, P < 0.001). The results showed that there was a true declining trend after adjusting for clustering at regional (IRR – 0.90, P < 0.001) and income group level (IRR – 0.91, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Current study showed that there was significant decline in the incident number of measles cases based on worldwide, regional, and income group estimates, but insufficient to achieve the measles elimination target by 2020.
Content of selected inorganic compounds in the eggs of hens kept in two different systems: organic and battery cage
Authors: Szymanek Edyta , Andraszek Katarzyna , Banaszewska Dorota , Drabik Kamil , Batkowska Justyna 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Recent years have seen increased interest in the
influence of bioactive dietary components on human genes and gene
expression. A good source of many bioactive substances is the chicken egg.
The egg is considered to be an excellent food provided by nature. It is a good
source of nutrients such as vitamins A, B2, B6, B12, D, E and K, as well as
elements including phosphorus, selenium, iron, zinc, magnesium and calcium. The
research material use in this study consisted of eggs from hens kept in two different systems:
organic and battery cages. The content of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and
zinc (Zn) was determined in the egg contents – in the yolk and
white respectively. The content of elements was determined by atomic absorption
spectrometry (AAS) using an AA280 FS spectrometer with the automatic
dilution of standards and samples. The eggs from the organically raised hens
had a higher calcium, magnesium and zinc content. The greater variation in
the Ca, Mg and Zn content in the organic eggs is due to the more
individualized feeding system. The rearing system of the hens significantly
affects the concentration of elements in the egg. The results of this
research indicate that eggs from organic farming systems have a richer chemical
composition in terms of the content of nutrients such as calcium, magnesium
and zinc compared with eggs obtained from caged hens. Therefore, consumers
purchasing eggs should consider the system in which the hens were reared, as
eggs can be a valuable source of these elements in the diet.
Central Tethyan platform-top hypoxia during Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a
Authors: Hueter Alexander , Huck Stefan , Bodin Stéphane , Heimhofer Ulrich , Weyer Stefan , Jochum Klaus P. , Immenhauser Adrian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Short-term hypoxia in epeiric water masses is a common phenomenon
of modern marine environments and causes mass mortality in coastal marine
ecosystems. Here, we test the hypothesis that during the early Aptian,
platform-top hypoxia temporarily established in some of the vast epeiric
seas of the central Tethys and caused, combined with other stressors,
significant changes in reefal ecosystems. Potentially interesting target
examples include time intervals characterized by the demise of lower Aptian
rudist–coral communities and the establishment of microencruster facies, as
previously described from the central and southern Tethys and from the
proto-North Atlantic domain. These considerations are relevant as previous
work has predominantly focused on early Aptian basinal anoxia in the context
of Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a, whereas the potential expansion of the
oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in coeval shallow-water environments is
underexplored. Well-known patterns in the δ13C record during
OAE 1a allow for a sufficiently time-resolved correlation with previously
studied locations and assignment to chemostratigraphic segments. This
paper presents and critically discusses the outcome of a multi-proxy study
(e.g., rare
earth elements (REEs), U isotopes, and redox-sensitive trace elements) applied to lower
Aptian shallow-water carbonates today exposed in the Kanfanar quarry in
Istria, Croatia. These rocks were deposited on an extensive, isolated high
in the central Tethys surrounded by hemipelagic basins. Remarkably, during
chemostratigraphic segment C2, the depletion of redox-sensitive trace
elements As, V, Mo, and U in platform carbonates, deposited in normal marine
oxic waters, record the first occurrence of basinal, organic-rich sediment
deposition in which these elements are enriched. During the C3 segment,
seawater oxygen depletion established on the platform top as indicated by
the patterns in Ce/Ce* and U isotopes. Shifts in redox-sensitive proxies
coincide with the expansion of microencruster facies. Segment C4 witnesses
the return to normal marine reefal faunas on the platform top and is
characterized by patterns in redox-sensitive proxies typical of normal
marine dissolved oxygen levels. It remains unclear, however, if platform-top
hypoxia resulted from the expansion and upwelling of basinal,
oxygen-depleted water masses or if spatially isolated, shallow hypoxic
water bodies formed on the platform. Data shown here are relevant as they
shed light on the driving mechanisms that control poorly understood faunal
patterns during OAE 1a in the neritic realm and provide evidence on the
intricate relation between basinal and platform-top water masses.
Cross This Out: A Pedagogy of Disruption and Healing
Authors: Reyes G.T. 
Published: July 2019

Critical courage and love require that we consider our own humanity's need for not only justice but also healing. Often, radical educators relentlessly focus on working towards social justice to the point where they neglect their own self-preservation, which includes processes and practices of healing. This article discusses how a pedagogy of disruption and healing were applied towards confronting a racist act of vandalism at a California public university. In discussing the values-centered, socio-historically grounded, and higher purpose-driven responses to the racist act, the author illuminates the four principles that grounded the disruptive and healing-centered actions. In making transparent the principles that informed the designed response, others can be able to make adaptations necessary for their own contexts. To assist with invoking one’s radical agency the author also reveals how other educators across the country have implemented these principles within their own contexts towards manifesting their own visions of a more healthy, just, and meaningful life that is rooted in an analysis of the conditions that inhibit that well-being in the first place.
Simultaneous Determination of Five Hormones in Milk by Automated Online Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Liu Kun , Kang Kai , Li Nan , An Jing , Lian Kaoqi , Kang Weijun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Many hormones show the effects of protein assimilation and growth promotion, and they are frequently used as veterinary drugs in livestock, which has harmful effects on human health. It is necessary to determine their contamination level in animal-derived food, especially in milk. Objective: In this study, a detailed procedure is described for an automated online solid-phase extraction (SPE)–HPLC method capable of detecting five hormones (i.e., estriol, prednisone acetate, hydrocortisone, diethylstilbestrol, and estrone) in cow milk. Methods: The corresponding milk samples were precipitated by addition of acetonitrile and then purified as well as enriched by a polar-enhanced polymer (PEP) online SPE column. The supernatants were directly injected into the online SPE–HPLC system using methanol–water as the mobile phase mixture. Results: The linearity range of the method was 0.1–25 μg/mL for prednisone acetate, hydrocortisone, and diethylstilbestrol, 0.2–25 μg/mL for estriol, and 0.5–25 μg/mL for estrone, with correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9994 to 0.9996. The recovery rates determined at three concentration levels for the five compounds were in the range of 70.82–112.90%. LODs of estriol, prednisone acetate, hydrocortisone, diethylstilbestrol, and estrone were 0.023, 0.005, 0.006, 0.004, and 0.054 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: This automated online SPE–HPLC method was both effective and reliable in the simultaneous measurement of five hormones, and the method was successfully applied to the detection of five hormone species in milk. Highlights: An automated online SPE–HPLC method has been developed for the analysis of five hormones in cow milk. Online SPE proved to be a powerful technique for determining five hormones simultaneously. This method ensured simple sample pretreatment and less operation time. The established method was successfully applied to the analysis of five hormone species in milk.