bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher glutathione demand may be necessary for assisting haemodialysis patients to cope with increased oxidative stress
Authors: Yeh En‐Ling , Chen Cheng‐Hsu , Huang Shih‐Chien , Huang Yi‐Chia 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAimThe removal of cysteine during a dialysis procedure may affect glutathione (GSH) concentration, allowing haemodialysis (HD) patients to become more susceptible to oxidative damage. This study was performed to determine whether the change of GSH/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) redox state and GSH redox potential were linked with the change of cysteine or oxidative stress in patients receiving HD treatment.MethodsSixty‐seven HD patients who had received regular HD treatment were recruited. Plasma GSH, GSSG, cysteine and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at both pre‐ and post‐HD.ResultsPlasma cysteine, GSH and GSSG levels significantly decreased after the completion of HD, compared to the levels at pre‐HD. Plasma MDA concentration, GSH/GSSG ratio and GSH redox potential remained constant during the dialysis session. Plasma GSH and GSSG were positively associated with plasma MDA at post‐HD, while GSH redox potential was negatively associated with plasma MDA at post‐HD. However, plasma GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio and GSH redox potential were not associated with plasma cysteine at either pre‐ or post‐HD.ConclusionThe GSH and GSSG levels were significantly utilized during a HD session, and their levels were significantly associated with increased oxidative stress. HD patients may require higher GSH demands to cope with increased oxidative stress during an HD session.
Clinical features and outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis recurrence
Authors: Mansur Juliana B , Sandes‐Freitas Tainá V , Kirsztajn Gianna M , Cristelli Marina P , Mata Gustavo F , de Paula Mayara I , Grenzi Patricia C , Martins Suelen B S , Felipe Claudia R , Tedesco‐Silva Hélio , Pestana José O M 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAimFocal segmental glomerulosclerosis recurs in up to 30% and up to 80% of adult and pediatric kidney transplant recipients, respectively. There is no standard of care treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis recurrence (FSGSr).MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐center cohort study including FSGSr patients treated with plasmapheresis (PP) and combinations of high dose steroids, cyclosporine and rituximab.ResultsAmong 61 patients included in this analysis the median time to diagnosis was 19 days. The incidence of first biopsy‐confirmed FSGSr was 18% reaching 52.4% with follow‐up biopsies. During PP treatment 54% of the patients developed infectious complications. PP was discontinued in 37% of patients due to treatment failure (no remission or graft loss) and in 26% due to an adverse event. All patients who discontinued PP due to adverse event did not show clinical response or lost the allograft. The incidence of acute rejection was 34.4%. The incidences of partial and complete remissions were 16.4% and 27.8%, respectively. Overall 6‐years patient and graft survivals were 90.7% and 64.5%, respectively.ConclusionThis analysis confirms the low, variable and unpredictable rate of FSGSr remission, inconsistencies among available therapeutic options and its high rate of adverse events, and the negative impact on graft survival.
Leaf mechanical strength and photosynthetic capacity vary independently across 57 subtropical forest species with contrasting light requirements
Authors: He Pengcheng , Wright Ian J. , Zhu Shidan , Onoda Yusuke , Liu Hui , Li Ronghua , Liu Xiaorong , Hua Lei , Oyanoghafo Osazee O. , Ye Qing 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Leaf mechanical strength and photosynthetic capacity are critical plant life‐history traits associated with tolerance and growth under various biotic and abiotic stresses. In principle, higher mechanical resistance achieved via higher relative allocation to cell walls should slow photosynthetic rates. However, interspecific relationships among these two leaf functions have not been reported.

We measured leaf traits of 57 dominant woody species in a subtropical evergreen forest in China, focusing especially on photosynthetic rates, mechanical properties, and leaf lifespan (LLS). These species were assigned to two ecological strategy groups: shade‐tolerant species and light‐demanding species.

On average, shade‐tolerant species had longer LLS, higher leaf mechanical strength but lower photosynthetic rates, and exhibited longer LLS for a given leaf mass per area (LMA) or mechanical strength than light‐demanding species. Depending on the traits and the basis of expression (per area or per mass), leaf mechanical resistance and photosynthetic capacity were either deemed unrelated, or only weakly negatively correlated.

We found only weak support for the proposed trade‐off between leaf biomechanics and photosynthesis among co‐occurring woody species. This suggests there is considerable flexibility in these properties, and the observed relationships may result more so from trait coordination than any physically or physiologically enforced trade‐off.
CITED2 mediates the cross‐talk between mechanical loading and IL‐4 to promote chondroprotection
Authors: He Zhiyong , Leong Daniel J. , Xu Lin , Hardin John A. , Majeska Robert J. , Schaffler Mitchell B. , Thi Mia M. , Yang Liu , Goldring Mary B. , Cobelli Neil J. , Sun Hui B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis is mediated largely through the actions of proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13. The transcriptional regulator CITED2, which suppresses the expression of MMP13 in chondrocytes, is induced by interleukin (IL)‐4 in T cells and macrophages, and by moderate mechanical loading in chondrocytes. We tested the hypothesis that CITED2 mediates cross‐talk between IL‐4 signaling and mechanical loading‐induced pathways that result in chondroprotection, at least in part, by downregulating MMP13. IL‐4 induced CITED2 gene expression in human chondrocytes in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner through JAK/STAT signaling. Mechanical loading combined with IL‐4 resulted in additive effects on inducing CITED2 expression and downregulating of MMP13 in human chondrocytes in vitro. In vivo, IL‐4 gene knockout (KO) mice exhibited reduced basal levels of CITED2 expression in chondrocytes. While moderate treadmill running induced CITED2 expression and reduced MMP13 expression in wild‐type mice, these effects were blunted (for CITED2) or abolished (for MMP13) in chondrocytes of IL‐4 gene KO mice. Moreover, intra‐articular injections of mouse recombinant IL‐4 combined with regular cage activity mitigated post‐traumatic OA to a greater degree compared to immobilized mice treated with IL‐4 alone. These data suggest that using moderate loading to enhance IL‐4 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for chondroprotection in OA.
Excess iodine intake: sources, assessment, and effects on thyroid function
Authors: Farebrother Jessica , Zimmermann Michael B. , Andersson Maria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. High iodine intakes are well tolerated by most healthy individuals, but in some people, excess iodine intakes may precipitate hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, and/or thyroid autoimmunity. Individuals with preexisting thyroid disease or those previously exposed to iodine deficiency may be more susceptible to thyroid disorders due to an increase in iodine intake, in some cases at intakes only slightly above physiological needs. Thyroid dysfunction due to excess iodine intake is usually mild and transient, but iodine‐induced hyperthyroidism can be life‐threatening in some individuals. At the population level, excess iodine intakes may arise from consumption of overiodized salt, drinking water, animal milk rich in iodine, certain seaweeds, iodine‐containing dietary supplements, and from a combination of these sources. The median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of a population reflects the total iodine intake from all sources and can accurately identify populations with excessive iodine intakes. Our review describes the association between excess iodine intake and thyroid function. We outline potential sources of excess iodine intake and the physiological responses and consequences of excess iodine intakes. We provide guidance on choice of biomarkers to assess iodine intake, with an emphasis on the UIC and thyroglobulin.
The social brain and heart rate variability: Implications for psychotherapy
Authors: Petrocchi Nicola , Cheli Simone 
Published: March 2019

PurposeHumans evolved within the mammalian line as a highly social species. Indeed, sociality has been a major driver of human social intelligence. From birth, social relationships have emotional and self‐regulating properties and operate through different body systems. This paper will explore how heart rate variability (HRV), an index of the vagal regulation of the heart and a central element of the physiological underpinnings of sociality, is related to mental health problems, with important implications for psychotherapy.MethodsWe conducted a narrative review of the literature on the bi‐directional links between prosocial motivations, HRV, and psychophysiological functioning.ResultsHRV is associated not only with the ability to downregulate physiological arousal, but also with a variety of psychological and behavioural variables which are usually the target of psychotherapeutic interventions. A modern neurovisceral integration model can be employed to explain the complex intercorrelation between HRV and psychophysiological functioning. In particular, the link between HRV, the experience of inter‐ and intrapersonal safeness, and the inhibitory function of the prefrontal cortex will be explored in the context of prosocial motives, such as compassion, that alleviate and help prevent mental health difficulties.ConclusionsOur knowledge of the social brain and its physiological underpinnings might influence important elements of a therapeutic intervention, from the initial assessment of patient's difficulties to the evaluation of therapy outcomes.Practitioner pointsSocial relationships have emotional and self‐regulating properties.The experience of inter‐ and intrapersonal safeness is connected to prosocial motives, such as compassion, and the inhibitory function of the prefrontal cortex.Social relationships and compassion influence different body systems, such as the vagus nerve.Many forms of psychopathology represent the activation of evolved, defensive strategies especially in contexts where there are few stimuli indicating safeness and social support.Heart rate variability predicts psychotherapy outcome.
Origin of early maturing pigeonpea germplasm and its impact on adaptation and cropping systems
Authors: Saxena Kulbhushan , Choudhary Arbind K. , Srivastava Rakesh K. , Bohra Abhishek , Saxena Rachit K. , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPigeonpea breeding activities started about a century ago and for decades only late maturing cultivars dominated the global cultivation. Historically, no early maturing cultivar was available for a very long time and breeding of such varieties started in the third quarter of 20th century but at a low key. From these efforts, some pigeonpea varieties maturing in 90–150 days were bred. Information gathered from various sources revealed that the first few early maturing genotypes originated through spontaneous mutations in the late maturing field‐grown landraces. In other cases, transgressive segregation and induced mutations also produced early maturing varieties. At present, the high yielding early maturing cultivars are contributing significantly towards widening the adaption barriers and in the diversification of some age‐old cropping systems. In this paper, the authors, besides discussing the importance of early maturing cultivars in present agricultural systems, also summarize information related to the origin of primary sources of earliness.
Isolated abdominal nocardiosis in a pediatric renal transplant recipient
Authors: Acharya Ratna , Amin Krina , Rajderkar Dhanashree , Washam Matthew , Pekkucuksen Nailee , Mannemuddhu Sudha , Upadhyay Kiran 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNocardia infection after RT is uncommon. The most common modes of exposure are inhalation of dust containing nocardia or contaminated soil/water and surgical instruments. Isolated abdominal nocardiosis following RT has not been reported. We report an 11‐year‐old female who developed nocardia abscesses of the abdomen post‐RT. ESRD was secondary to FSGS and she had received multiple immunosuppressive agents prior to transplant. Induction immunosuppression consisted of thymoglobulin and maintenance was with tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and prednisone. There were construction activities in the hospital ward during her hospital stay. Due to immediate recurrence of FSGS in the allograft, she received plasma exchange, rituximab, and IVIG. Anti‐infective prophylaxis consisted of TMP‐SMX, valganciclovir, and nystatin. She developed multiple loculated fluid collections in the abdomen 6 weeks later. Histology of lesions demonstrated suppurative caseating granulomatous inflammation and the AFB culture showed Nocardia farcinica. With the reduction of immunosuppressive agents along with usage of TMP‐SMX, imipenem‐cilastatin, and linezolid, she had a partial recovery after 9 months with persistent small abscesses but remained asymptomatic clinically. There was no evidence of nocardia infection in lungs and brain. Repeat AFB culture from the lesions was negative. Allograft function remained stable throughout. She remains on oral TMP‐SMX therapy. We postulated that she could have acquired nocardia either from the contaminated air particles in the hospital from the construction activities or reactivation of nocardia from prior colonization. Nocardia infection should be suspected in immunocompromised patients with unexplained fever and abdominal pain.
Play and games: An opinionated introduction
Authors: Ridge Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhilosophy has a schizophrenic relationship with games. On the one hand, philosophers love using games as model, arguing that phenomena as diverse as linguistic meaning, meta‐ethics, normative ethics, applied ethics, law, and aesthetics can be illuminated via an analogy with games. On the other hand, there is scant focused discussion of the concept of a game as such. This is problematic; the appeal to games as a model to clarify philosophically puzzling questions has limited utility if games themselves (and the concept of a game) are poorly understood. Moreover, playing games plausibly is an important element in a good life; anyone interested in the theory of welfare, a traditional philosophical topic, should be interested in games. We play games, but if anything, play itself has been more neglected by philosophers than games. This neglect is unwarranted. Historically, philosophy has investigated foundational questions about human nature, and a disposition to play plausibly is a deep part of human nature. Moreover, play is an important concept in evolutionary biology and psychology, yet those working in those fields struggle to define the concept to their own satisfaction. E.O. Wilson went so far as to remark that “no behavioural concept has proved more ill‐defined, elusive, controversial, and even unfashionable than play.” One might have hoped philosophers could help here. In this paper, I provide an opinionated introduction to the philosophy of play and games.
Full‐field deformation measurement by videogrammetry using self‐adaptive window matching
Authors: Gao Sa , Tong Xiaohua , Chen Peng , Ye Zhen , Hu Ouling , Wang Benkang , Zhao Cheng , Liu Shijie , Xie Huan , Jin Yanmin , Xu Xiong , Liu Sicong , Wei Chao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFull‐field deformation measurement of specific materials is an important issue in civil engineering materials testing. This paper presents a flexible videogrammetric scheme to measure full‐field deformation of an artificial rock‐like material under uniaxial compression. In this scheme, two high‐speed cameras were used to measure the spatial morphological changes of the material surface, which was sprayed with a speckle pattern. A robust self‐adaptive window matching strategy is then proposed to extract accurate displacements of tracking points. Finally, three‐dimensional (3D) point clouds and full‐field deformation can be calculated by photogrammetric and spatiotemporal analysis. Simulation and empirical tests demonstrated that the self‐adaptive window matching strategy used with high‐speed videogrammetric speckle image sequences can detect more subtle deformation and avoid more mismatches than a fixed‐window matching strategy.
Development of a new dual‐pattern fringe projection scanner
Authors: Abzal Ali , Saadatseresht Mohammad , Varshosaz Masood 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a new fringe projection scanner that uses a dual pattern to prevent phase retrieval errors or complications. The pattern comprises two horizontal and vertical patterns, however, just one of them is involved in computing the coordinates of an object point. To define the pattern, a photometric stereo component is used to extract the geometric properties of the object. The extracted data is employed to form a decision mask, each pixel of which defines the best pattern (horizontal, vertical or both) related to one of the object points. In this way, the scanner determines which pattern to use to obtain the most accurate results. Experiments suggest not only the avoidance of phase retrieval problems, but also an increase in the accuracy of the measurements (by 56% in this test).
Nonsurgical therapy for teeth and implants—When and why?
Authors: Lang Niklaus P. , Salvi Giovanni E. , Sculean Anton 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs periodontal and peri‐implant diseases represent opportunistic infections, antiinfective therapy is the method of choice. Correctly performed, the treatment outcomes will include resolution of the inflammation concomitant with shrinkage of the tissues, reflected in reduced probing depths. Depending on the patient data obtained after initial antiinfective therapy, further – mostly surgical – treatment may be rendered to reach the goals of a healthy periodontium and peri‐implant tissues. Patient compliance is as important as operator skills for optimal treatment outcomes. Regenerative therapy may be applied in compliant patients and for appropriate defects. This article depicts the historical development of periodontal therapy during the 20th century and addresses the various outcome parameters to be used in daily decision making. Obviously, nonsurgical therapy has gained clinical relevance, resulting in highly satisfactory treatment outcomes in many cases. The critical probing depth above which positive attachment gain is registered varies from one treatment modality to another. It is a concept that helps facilitate decision making for additional therapeutic measures after initial therapy. Treatment of peri‐implant mucositis prevents development of peri‐implantitis. Hence, nonsurgical treatment of mucositis is frequently performed during the continuous monitoring of oral implants. This chapter of Periodontology 2000 presents evidence for the prevention and therapy of peri‐implant diseases.
Periodontal herpesvirus morbidity and treatment
Authors: Slots Jørgen , Slots Henrik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFour billion individuals worldwide have a history of periodontitis, with the poorest people in society most affected. Periodontitis can lead to unsightly drifting of teeth and tooth loss that may interfere with the wellbeing of daily living and has also been linked to at least 57 medical diseases and disabilities. The etiology of severe periodontitis includes active herpesviruses, specific bacterial pathogens, and destructive immune responses, but herpesviruses seem to be the major pathogenic determinant. Periodontal herpesviruses that disseminate via the systemic circulation to nonoral sites may represent a major link between periodontitis and systemic diseases. Current treatment of periodontitis focuses almost exclusively on bacterial biofilm and will require revision. Periodontal therapy that targets both herpesviruses and bacterial pathogens can provide long‐term clinical improvement and potentially reduces the risk of systemic diseases. Molecular diagnostic tests for periodontal pathogens may enable early microbial identification and preemptive therapy. This review details an efficient and reliable anti‐infective treatment of severe periodontitis that can be carried out in minimal time with minimal cost.
Treatment trends in periodontics
Authors: Caffesse Raúl G. , Echeverría Josė J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis volume of Periodontology 2000, entitled “Treatment Trends in Periodontics”, evaluates the importance of nonsurgical periodontal therapy and defines its role as the key etiologic treatment of the disease. The need for scaling and root planing is mandatory step during the initial phase of therapy, as is self‐care by the patient. Only after reevaluation of the outcome achieved by nonsurgical procedures should surgery be considered, and the concept of “critical probing depth” is emphasized. The chapters in this volume discuss different aspects of periodontal surgery, including regeneration and plastic periodontal procedures, and, looking toward the future, cell therapy in periodontics is explored. The impact of periodontal therapy on systemic diseases is reviewed, and the role of occlusion in periodontal disease is revisited and discussed. Topics on implants include their placement in fresh extraction sockets, socket healing with or without implant placement, and research on osseointegration. The important topic of maintenance care of teeth and implants for long‐term therapeutic success is thoroughly evaluated, as is the efficacy of dentifrices in oral hygiene. The editors convey a nutshell review of the concepts of what periodontal treatment should entail, based on scientific evidence generated during half‐a‐century of work in periodontics.