bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La violence de la pauvreté
Authors: Veysset Nicolas 
Published: February 2018

L'exercice, par l'État, de la violence symbolique est appréhendé ici à travers l'histoire des procédures d'identification. Ces procédures se découvrent dans les diverses mesures de police appliquées au monde populaire parisien du premier XIX e siècle : distribution de la population en catégories homogènes, détermination des identités par le croisement des catégories, écriture des identités, relais dans des pratiques de surveillance et de contrôle. La violence des mesures apparaît autant dans les résistances des classes populaires que dans les difficultés à édifier une machine administrative en adéquation avec le nouvel ordre symbolique.
La morgue de Paris
Authors: Bertherat Bruno 
Published: February 2018

La Morgue de Paris au XIX e siècle a cette particularité qu'elle pousse très loin le principe archaïque de l'exposition publique, au service de l'identification des cadavres inconnus. Au nom du contrôle social, elle développe un véritable système panoptique. Le souci d'efficacité justifie la manipulation grandissante des cadavres. Or, longtemps acceptée comme une nécessité sociale, l'exposition publique est remise en cause à la fin du siècle au nom du respect du mort et de la moralité publique. Car le spectacle de la Morgue, en contradiction avec le rituel funéraire sécurisant et malgré des tentatives d'amélioration de la part des autorités, devient obscène. L'évolution des sensibilités rejoint les mutations des techniques de reconnaissance pour mettre fin à l'exposition publique en 1907 et donner à la Morgue le visage technicien et énigmatique qu'elle a aujourd'hui.
Les « villages » de Paris
Authors: Tartakowsky Danielle 
Published: February 2018

Dans le courant des années Soixante-dix, Paris subit de plein fouet les effets de la rénovation urbaine. Réactions et ripostes se multiplient, avec, au nombre, L'assassinat de Paris de Louis Chevalier, mais aussi bien des feuilles éphémères nées des luttes défensives « contre les bétonneurs » de la V e République, « ce mythe originel de la presse de quartier ». Ces journaux, tous éphémères et faiblement diffusés, mais qui, du moins, se perpétuent par-delà les combats fondateurs, constituent le socle de cette étude. Sous-tendue par une question : pourquoi ces actions, pourtant menées contre la mise à mal de tout ce qui valut à Paris de générer du « peuple » et même un peuple, « le Peuple de Paris », n'ont-elles guère mobilisé ce terme et les mythes afférents ?
Le « Peuple » chez Delacroix et Daumier
Authors: Chimot Jean-Philippe 
Published: February 2018

Le peuple, dans le développement de la société et des luttes constantes qui structurent le XIX e siècle en France, obsède plus ou moins tout le monde comme une réalité prégnante et indéfinissable. Ce qui est un problème théorique et pratique pour les acteurs de la vie sociale et politique l'est aussi pour les artistes. Il leur faut passer d'une représentation à des solutions possibles – et parfois permises ? – dans l'ordre graphique ou plastique. L'article étudie certaines expériences chez Delacroix et Daumier, et cherche à montrer qu'il n'y a pas de « solutions » historiquement satisfaisantes, que toutes les clarifications sont simplificatrices, mais que, parfois, l'invention formelle rejoint la dimension mythique de l'objet-peuple.
Un chanteur populaire : Yves Montand
Authors: Marcadet Christian 
Published: February 2018

De tous temps, les chansons populaires ont véhiculé des images « naïves » du peuple qui oscillaient entre la défiance affichée à l'égard d'un prolétariat méconnu et supposé dangereux et la condescendance accordée au serviteur candide. En France, ce n'est qu'après la Libération, dans un contexte social en recomposition, que ces stéréotypes évoluèrent vers de nouvelles valeurs plus proches de la réalité, censées refléter les préoccupations des couches populaires. Par l'affirmation originale du point de vue du monde ouvrier et par les thèmes développés, le répertoire d'Yves Montand en constitue la meilleure illustration. Pourtant, ce n'est qu'après une étude approfondie de l'origine sociale du chanteur et de la relation qu'il engageait avec son public qu'il est devenu possible de comprendre la signification profonde de cette représentation nouvelle du peuple. La démarche socio-sémiotique pratiquée ici et appliquée aux processus créatifs, performatifs et réceptifs des chansons, a permis de mettre au jour les enjeux sociaux et les valeurs qui structuraient en profondeur cette représentation. Une analyse de contenu de l'ensemble du répertoire de l'artiste, croisée avec la réception critique en son temps, est venue confirmer la vision résolument progressiste et positive désormais dévolue au peuple investi d'une mission historique. Les bouleversements politiques ultérieurs (Budapest, Mais-68) et le nouvel environnement de l'artiste viendront infléchir cet élan militant du jeune Montand et, dès les années Soixante, celui-ci choisit de recentrer son répertoire sur les thèmes les plus traditionnels du charme, des sentiments de convention et de la nostalgie. Ainsi, un engagement artistique potentiellement subversif avait-t-il pu être réintégré en douceur dans la logique du monde du spectacle, par essence consensuel et « politiquement correct ».
Peuple dans le discours révolutionnaire
Authors: Monnier Raymonde 
Published: February 2018

Du mot à la notion, l'émergence de certaines expressions en 1789, notamment représentant du peuple, marque la volonté de relever un mot terni par « la rouille des préjugés ». Entre l'affirmation « contractuelle » de la souveraineté et le concept moderne de représentation, la notion de peuple demeure accrochée à une conception « organiciste » du corps politique. Notion double, elle renvoie à l'homme universel, au genre humain et à la réalité concrète de la patrie ; la promotion politique des citoyens n'écarte pas les autres emplois du terme. Entre héroïsation et diabolisation, la Révolution ne peut se passer du peuple et d'un mot omniprésent dans le discours politique : la figure demeure incertaine, mais l'étude du champ sémantique du mot aide à préciser certains aspects de la langue révolutionnaire comme l'histoire d'éphémères synonymes, sans-culottes et plébéiens.
A Novel Biological Role for Peptidyl-Arginine Deiminases: Citrullination of Cathelicidin LL-37 Controls the Immunostimulatory Potential of Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Wong Alicia , Bryzek Danuta , Dobosz Ewelina , Scavenius Carsten , Svoboda Pavel , Rapala-Kozik Maria , Lesner Adam , Frydrych Ivo , Enghild Jan , Mydel Piotr , Pohl Jan , Thompson Paul R. , Potempa Jan , Koziel Joanna 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
LL-37, the only human cathelicidin that is released during inflammation, is a potent regulator of immune responses by facilitating delivery of oligonucleotides to intracellular TLR-9, thereby enhancing the response of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to extracellular DNA. Although important for pathogen recognition, this mechanism may facilitate development of autoimmune diseases. In this article, we show that citrullination of LL-37 by peptidyl-arginine deiminases (PADs) hindered peptide-dependent DNA uptake and sensing by pDCs. In contrast, carbamylation of the peptide (homocitrullination of Lys residues) had no effect. The efficiency of LL-37 binding to oligonucleotides and activation of pDCs was found to be inversely proportional to the number of citrullinated residues in the peptide. Similarly, preincubation of carbamylated LL-37 with PAD2 abrogated the peptide’s ability to bind DNA. Conversely, LL-37 with Arg residues substituted by homoarginine, which cannot be deiminated, elicited full activity of native LL-37 regardless of PAD2 treatment. Taken together, the data showed that citrullination abolished LL-37 ability to bind DNA and altered the immunomodulatory function of the peptide. Both activities were dependent on the proper distribution of guanidinium side chains in the native peptide sequence. Moreover, our data suggest that cathelicidin/LL-37 is citrullinated by PADs during NET formation, thus affecting the inflammatory potential of NETs. Together this may represent a novel mechanism for preventing the breakdown of immunotolerance, which is dependent on the response of APCs to self-molecules (including cell-free DNA); overactivation may facilitate development of autoimmunity.
Norms and values in sociohydrological models
Authors: Roobavannan Mahendran , van Emmerik Tim H. M. , Elshafei Yasmina , Kandasamy Jaya , Sanderson Matthew R. , Vigneswaran Saravanamuthu , Pande Saket , Sivapalan Murugesu 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Sustainable water resources management relies on understanding how societies
and water systems coevolve. Many place-based sociohydrology (SH) modeling
studies use proxies, such as environmental degradation, to capture key
elements of the social component of system dynamics. Parameters of assumed
relationships between environmental degradation and the human response to it
are usually obtained through calibration. Since these relationships are not
yet underpinned by social-science theories, confidence in the predictive
power of such place-based sociohydrologic models remains low. The
generalizability of SH models therefore requires major advances in
incorporating more realistic relationships, underpinned by appropriate
hydrological and social-science data and theories. The latter is a critical
input, since human culture – especially values and norms arising from it –
influences behavior and the consequences of behaviors. This paper reviews a
key social-science theory that links cultural factors to environmental
decision-making, assesses how to better incorporate social-science insights
to enhance SH models, and raises important questions to be addressed in
moving forward. This is done in the context of recent progress in
sociohydrological studies and the gaps that remain to be filled. The paper
concludes with a discussion of challenges and opportunities in terms of
generalization of SH models and the use of available data to allow future
prediction and model transfer to ungauged basins.
An Analysis of the Factors that Influence the Implementation of the Policy for Monitoring Schoolchildren Meals Monitoring at Batam City
Authors: Rafqi Ahmad , Adisasmito Wiku , Pujiyanto Pujiyanto 
Published: February 2018

Schoolchildren are assets for the development of the nation. Therefore, healthy meals at schools are very important, because for them, it covers about 25-36% of the daily energy requirements. Unhealthy eating habits or consumption of nutrition deficient meals may cause stunting, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and osteoporosis. In the short term it may also cause dental caries, anemia, overweight children and obesity. Around 40-44% of meals at schools do not satisfy the food safety requirements. To increase the quality of the meals at the schools, the community should be empowered to perform independent monitoring of school meals. This is inscribed in the national action policy for safe, good-quality, and nutritious meals for schoolchildren. The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the national action policy for the snacks of schoolchildren and the factors that influences it. This was a qualitative research. The data was gathered from in-depth interviews and documentary studies and then analyzed using the policy implementation analysis of Mazmanian and Sabatier. From this research we discovered that the policy did not perform effectively in Batam City. There were no Procedure Standard Norms NSPK on the roles, tasks, and responsibilities of the implementers, there was no implementation structure, and no support from the Government and the Parliament of Batam City for the monitoring.
Periodic Control Systems
Authors: Bittanti Sergio , Colaneri Patrizio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the last decades, various methods have been devised in order to operate a control system in a cyclic way. Herein, we outline the main approaches achieved so far. They are organized in two parts, analysis and control. In the first part, we introduce how periodicity arises in some applications. Moreover, basic analysis notions for linear periodic systems are outlined, including stability, time‐domain and frequency‐domain representations, and norm performance computations are discussed. The second part deals with control methods, starting with the concept of cycling in order to improve the performance, and proceeding with optimal and robust control.
Meteorological Radar
Authors: Chandrasekar V. , Baldini Luca 
Published: February 2018

Meteorological radar uses information from the amplitude, and phase, at different polarization states of the scattered electromagnetic wave to reveal relevant properties of clouds and precipitation for weather monitoring and forecasting in short time the behavior of hazardous storms. Since mid‐1950s, many countries have deployed networks of meteorological radars: nowadays, stand‐alone radars or networks of meteorological radars are key tools for most of national weather services. The last couple of decades have been very exciting time for the fields of weather radar science and technology. The major technological advances include operational adaptation of dual‐polarization technology and large‐scale deployment and upgrades with meteorological services, introduction of the concept of dense network of radars through the Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) project, and space‐borne weather radars.This article starts with a simple introduction of the meteorological radar basics, and then describes one of the most important application of weather radars worldwide, namely, the quantitative precipitation estimation. Subsequently, examples of radar observations of winter storms and summer convective storms are presented, followed by one of the popular applications used by operational forecasters, namely, nowcasting. Criteria to design networks of radars, based on two different paradigms (sparse network and dense network), are also presented. Finally, the space‐borne radars for measuring clouds and precipitation from space, introduced through the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) program first and followed by theCloudSatand Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) programs, are described.
DCTransformers
Authors: Lu Junwei , Water Wayne , Dawson Francis 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article presents the basic concepts ofDCtransformers used in various power supplies. ADCtransformer is the combination of a transformer, an inputDCsource, and a power electronic system that converts the incomingDCsource to an isolated single or multiple outputDCsources. ADCtransformer can be realized in the following ways: an inputDCsignal is converted to anACsignal, theACsignal is transformed, and finally the output signals are rectified. Alternatively, aDCinput signal is transformed directly to one or moreDCsignals. In this article, recent developments are also discussed, including soft switching and resonant converters, single‐ and three‐phase bidirectionalDCtransformers, integrated transformers, high‐frequency transformers, winding design, and numerical modeling ofDCtransformers.
MERRILL: Micromagnetic Earth Related Robust Interpreted Language Laboratory
Authors: Ó Conbhuí Pádraig , Williams Wyn , Fabian Karl , Ridley Phil , Nagy Lesleis , Muxworthy Adrian R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractComplex magnetic domain structures and the energy barriers between them are responsible for pseudo‐single‐domain phenomena in rock magnetism and contribute significantly to the magnetic remanence of paleomagnetic samples. This article introduces MERRILL, an open source software package for three‐dimensional micromagnetics optimized and designed for the calculation of such complex structures. MERRILL has a simple scripting user interface that requires little computational knowledge to use but provides research strength algorithms to model complex, inhomogeneous domain structures in magnetic materials. It uses a finite element/boundary element numerical method, optimally suited for calculating magnetization structures of local energy minima (LEM) in irregular grain geometries that are of interest to the rock and paleomagnetic community. MERRILL is able to simulate the magnetic characteristics of LEM states in both single grains, and small assemblies of interacting grains, including saddle‐point paths between nearby LEMs. Here the numerical model is briefly described, and an overview of the scripting language and available commands is provided. The open source nature of the code encourages future development of the model by the scientific community.
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation Ability of NaCl and Sea Salt Aerosol Particles at Cirrus Temperatures
Authors: Wagner Robert , Kaufmann Julia , Möhler Ottmar , Saathoff Harald , Schnaiter Martin , Ullrich Romy , Leisner Thomas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn situ measurements of the composition of heterogeneous cirrus ice cloud residuals have indicated a substantial contribution of sea salt in sampling regions above the ocean. We have investigated the heterogeneous ice nucleation ability of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sea salt aerosol (SSA) particles at cirrus cloud temperatures between 235 and 200 K in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere aerosol and cloud chamber. Effloresced NaCl particles were found to act as ice nucleating particles in the deposition nucleation mode at temperatures below about 225 K, with freezing onsets in terms of the ice saturation ratio, Sice, between 1.28 and 1.40. Above 225 K, the crystalline NaCl particles deliquesced and nucleated ice homogeneously. The heterogeneous ice nucleation efficiency was rather similar for the two crystalline forms of NaCl (anhydrous NaCl and NaCl dihydrate). Mixed‐phase (solid/liquid) SSA particles were found to act as ice nucleating particles in the immersion freezing mode at temperatures below about 220 K, with freezing onsets in terms of Sice between 1.24 and 1.42. Above 220 K, the SSA particles fully deliquesced and nucleated ice homogeneously. Ice nucleation active surface site densities of the SSA particles were found to be in the range between 1.0 · 1010 and 1.0 · 1011 m−2 at T < 220 K. These values are of the same order of magnitude as ice nucleation active surface site densities recently determined for desert dust, suggesting a potential contribution of SSA particles to low‐temperature heterogeneous ice nucleation in the atmosphere.
Influence of Hydrological Perturbations and Riverbed Sediment Characteristics on Hyporheic Zone Respiration of CO2 and N2
Authors: Newcomer Michelle E. , Hubbard Susan S. , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Maier Ulrich , Schmidt Christian , Thullner Martin , Ulrich Craig , Flipo Nicolas , Rubin Yoram 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRivers in climatic zones characterized by dry and wet seasons often experience periodic transitions between losing and gaining conditions across the river‐aquifer continuum. Infiltration shifts can stimulate hyporheic microbial biomass growth and cycling of riverine carbon and nitrogen leading to major exports of biogenic CO2 and N2 to rivers. In this study, we develop and test a numerical model that simulates biological‐physical feedback in the hyporheic zone. We used the model to explore different initial conditions in terms of dissolved organic carbon availability, sediment characteristics, and stochastic variability in aerobic and anaerobic conditions from water table fluctuations. Our results show that while highly losing rivers have greater hyporheic CO2 and N2 production, gaining rivers allowed the greatest fraction of CO2 and N2 production to return to the river. Hyporheic aerobic respiration and denitrification contributed 0.1–2 g/m2/d of CO2 and 0.01–0.2 g/m2/d of N2; however, the suite of potential microbial behaviors varied greatly among sediment characteristics. We found that losing rivers that consistently lacked an exit pathway can store up to 100% of the entering C/N as subsurface biomass and dissolved gas. Our results demonstrate the importance of subsurface feedbacks whereby microbes and hydrology jointly control fate of C and N and are strongly linked to wet‐season control of initial sediment conditions and hydrologic control of seepage direction. These results provide a new understanding of hydrobiological and sediment‐based controls on hyporheic zone respiration, including a new explanation for the occurrence of anoxic microzones and large denitrification rates in gravelly riverbeds.
Space Weather Influence on Electromagnetic Geosynchronous Debris Perturbations Using Statistical Fluxes
Authors: Hughes Joseph , Schaub Hanspeter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDue to the space plasma and the Sun, spacecraft at geosynchronous Earth orbit can charge naturally negative tens of kV. This charging can cause arcing which can damage spacecraft electronics and solar panels. A charged spacecraft will also experience a perturbative force and torque due to Earth's electric and magnetic fields. These electromagnetic perturbations have recently been postulated to cause significant orbital changes for lightweight debris objects. This paper investigates the effects of electromagnetic perturbations by using a charging model that uses measured flux distributions to better simulate natural charging and includes the convection electric field. This is done for a calm space weather case of KP = 2−, a stormy case where KP = 8, and a worst possible case where the voltage is held at −30 kV the entire time. It is found that neglecting electromagnetic effects on lightweight Mylar debris can lead to 100 km displacements after only a one orbit, and the covariance associated with such objects must be increased during periods of high charging.