bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative gut microbiome research through the lens of ecology: theoretical considerations and best practices
Authors: Degregori Samuel , Wang Xiaolin , Kommala Akhil , Schulhof Noah , Moradi Sadaf , MacDonald Allison , Eblen Kaitlin , Jukovich Sophia , Smith Emma , Kelleher Emily , Suzuki Kota , Hall Zoey , Knight Rob , Amato Katherine Ryan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTComparative approaches in animal gut microbiome research have revealed patterns of phylosymbiosis, dietary and physiological convergences, and environment–host interactions. However, most large‐scale comparative studies, especially those that are highly cited, have focused on mammals, and efforts to integrate comparative approaches with existing ecological frameworks are lacking. While mammals serve as useful model organisms, developing generalised principles of how animal gut microbiomes are shaped and how these microbiomes interact bidirectionally with host ecology and evolution requires a more complete sampling of the animal kingdom. Here, we provide an overview of what past comparative studies have taught us about the gut microbiome, and how community ecology theory may help resolve certain contradictions in comparative gut microbiome research. We explore whether certain hypotheses are supported across clades, and how the disproportionate focus on mammals has introduced potential bias into gut microbiome theory. We then introduce a methodological solution by which public gut microbiome data of understudied hosts can be compiled and analysed in a comparative context. Our aggregation and analysis of 179 studies shows that generating data sets with rich host diversity is possible with public data and that key gut microbes associated with mammals are widespread across the animal kingdom. We also show the effects that sample size and taxonomic rank have on comparative gut microbiome studies and that results of multivariate analyses can vary significantly with these two parameters. While challenges remain in developing a universal model of the animal gut microbiome, we show that existing ecological frameworks can help bring us one step closer to integrating the gut microbiome into animal ecology and evolution.
Archaeocytes in sponges: simple cells of complicated fate
Authors: Ereskovsky Alexander , Melnikov Nikolai P. , Lavrov Andrey 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTArchaeocytes are considered a key cell type in sponges (Porifera). They are believed to be multifunctional cells performing various functions, from nutrient digestion to acting as adult stem cells (ASCs). Thus, archaeocytes are mentioned in discussions on various aspects of sponge biology. As presumed ASCs of an early‐diverged animal taxon, archaeocytes are of great fundamental interest for further progress in understanding tissue functioning in metazoans. However, the term ‘archaeocyte’ is rather ambiguous in its usage and understanding, and debates surrounding archaeocytes have persisted for over a century, reflecting the ongoing complexity of understanding their nature. This article presents a comprehensive revision of the archaeocyte concept, including both its historical development and biological features (i.e. taxonomic distribution, characteristics, and functions). The term ‘archaeocyte’ and its central aspects were introduced as early as the end of the 19th century based on data mainly from demosponges. Remarkably, despite the general lack of comparative and non‐histological data, these early studies already regarded archaeocytes as the ASCs of sponges. These early views were readily inherited by subsequent studies, often without proper verification, shaping views on many aspects of sponge biology for more than a century.Taking into account all available data, we propose considering the archaeocytes as a cell type specific to the class Demospongiae. Clear homologues of archaeocytes are absent in other sponge classes. In demosponges, the term ‘archaeocytes’ refers to mesohyl cells that have an amoeboid shape, nucleolated nuclei, and non‐specific inclusions in the cytoplasm. The absence of specific traits makes the archaeocytes a loosely defined and probably heterogeneous cell population, rendering the exhaustive characterisation of the ‘true’ archaeocyte population impossible. At the same time, the molecular characterisation of archaeocytes is only beginning to develop. Stemness and almost unlimited potency have always been at the core of the traditional archaeocyte concept. However, currently, the most consistent data on archaeocyte stem cell function come only from developing gemmules of freshwater sponges. For tissues of adult demosponges, the data favour a two‐component stem cell system, in which archaeocytes may cooperate with another stem cell population, choanocytes. Simultaneously, cells with archaeocyte morphology function as macrophages in demosponges, participating in the food digestion cycle and immune defence. Such cells should be denoted with the more neutral term ‘nucleolar amoebocytes’, as the term ‘archaeocyte’ not only describes the morphology of a cell but also introduces the proposition of its stem nature. Thus, the future usage of the term ‘archaeocyte’ should be limited to cases where a cell is shown or at least presumed to be a stem cell.
Long‐Term Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Hydrophilic Implants: A 10‐Year Study in a Specialist Private Practice
Authors: Roccuzzo Andrea , Thomann Isabel , Wyss Amanda , Schütz Silvio , Zumstein Thomas , Sculean Anton , Salvi Giovanni E. , Imber Jean‐Claude , Stähli Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo report the 10‐year clinical and radiographic outcomes of implants placed in grafted (GBR) and non‐grafted (no‐GBR) sites in a Swiss specialist private practice using hydrophilic implants with a low surface roughness flange.MethodsFifty consecutively enrolled patients received 159 hydrophilic implants with a low surface roughness flange. A first re‐evaluation was performed 1 year after delivery of restoration (T1). An additional examination was performed at the 10‐year follow‐up (T2) including the assessment of clinical (i.e., periodontal/peri‐implant pockets probing depths (PPD) (mm), full‐mouth bleeding score (%), implant survival rate, mid‐buccal keratinized mucosa (KM) width in mm, and peri‐implant phenotype), and radiographic (i.e., marginal bone level change [ΔMBL]) outcomes. Biological, mechanical and technical complications were also recorded.ResultsOut of the initial cohort, 22 patients (9/40.9% male and 13/59% female) and 63 implants (47 with GBR, 16 without GBR), could be re‐examined at T2. Overall, ΔMBL (T2‐T1) was −0.56 ± 0.96 mm. In the GBR group, ΔMBL were significantly higher at the distal sites compared to the no‐GBR group (−0.75 ± 1.17 mm vs. −0.12 ± 1.29 mm, p = 0.045), however, in the GBR group MBL started at a higher level at T1 but were similar with the no‐GBR group at T2. Implant survival was 100% with only very few technical complications (6.3%). Mean PPD amounted to 3.84 ± 1.00 mm with significantly higher values in the GBR group (3.98 ± 1.08 mm vs. 3.45 ± 0.60 mm; p = 0.016). Nineteen implants (30.1%) were diagnosed with peri‐implant health while 44 (69.9%) presented with peri‐implant mucositis.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, favorable clinical and radiographic conditions were recorded around hydrophilic implants with a low surface roughness flange placed in pristine and augmented bone after 10 years in function.
Effects of snake fungal disease (ophidiomycosis) on the skin microbiome across two major experimental scales
Authors: Romer Alexander S. , Grisnik Matthew , Dallas Jason W. , Sutton William , Murray Christopher M. , Hardman Rebecca H. , Blanchard Tom , Hanscom Ryan J. , Clark Rulon W. , Godwin Cody , Alexander N. Reed , Moe Kylie C. , Cobb Vincent A. , Eaker Jesse , Colvin Rob , Thames Dustin , Ogle Chris , Campbell Josh , Frost Carlin , Brubaker Rachel L. , Snyder Shawn D. , Rurik Alexander J. , Cummins Chloe E. , Ludwig David W. , Phillips Joshua L. , Walker Donald M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases are increasingly recognized as a significant threat to global biodiversity conservation. Elucidating the relationship between pathogens and the host microbiome could lead to novel approaches for mitigating disease impacts. Pathogens can alter the host microbiome by inducing dysbiosis, an ecological state characterized by a reduction in bacterial alpha diversity, an increase in pathobionts, or a shift in beta diversity. We used the snake fungal disease (SFD; ophidiomycosis), system to examine how an emerging pathogen may induce dysbiosis across two experimental scales. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction, bacterial amplicon sequencing, and a deep learning neural network to characterize the skin microbiome of free‐ranging snakes across a broad phylogenetic and spatial extent. Habitat suitability models were used to find variables associated with fungal presence on the landscape. We also conducted a laboratory study of northern watersnakes to examine temporal changes in the skin microbiome following inoculation with Ophidiomyces ophidiicola. Patterns characteristic of dysbiosis were found at both scales, as were nonlinear changes in alpha and alterations in beta diversity, although structural‐level and dispersion changes differed between field and laboratory contexts. The neural network was far more accurate (99.8% positive predictive value [PPV]) in predicting disease state than other analytic techniques (36.4% PPV). The genus Pseudomonas was characteristic of disease‐negative microbiomes, whereas, positive snakes were characterized by the pathobionts Chryseobacterium, Paracoccus, and Sphingobacterium. Geographic regions suitable for O. ophidiicola had high pathogen loads (>0.66 maximum sensitivity + specificity). We found that pathogen‐induced dysbiosis of the microbiome followed predictable trends, that disease state could be classified with neural network analyses, and that habitat suitability models predicted habitat for the SFD pathogen.
Increased cardiovascular risk in people with LADA in comparison to type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes: Findings from the DPV registry in Germany and Austria
Authors: Golomb Rosa C. , Tittel Sascha R. , Welters Alena , Karges Wolfram , Meyhöfer Svenja , Hummel Michael , Mader Julia K. , Kämmer Jörg‐C , Schloot Nanette C. , Holl Reinhard W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to characterise and compare individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), in a real‐world setting.MethodsAnthropometric and clinical data from 36 959 people with diabetes diagnosed at age 30–70 years enrolled in the prospective diabetes patients follow‐up (DPV) registry from 1995 to 2022 were analysed cross‐sectionally at diagnosis and follow‐up (≥6 months after diagnosis). LADA was defined as clinical diagnosis of T2D, positivity of ≥1 islet autoantibody and an insulin‐free interval of ≥6 months upon diabetes diagnosis.ResultsAt diagnosis, age, body mass index, waist circumference, C‐peptide and HbA1c in people with LADA (n = 747) fell in between individuals with T1D (n = 940) and T2D (n = 35 272) (all p‐values < 0.01). At follow‐up, after adjusting for age, sex and diabetes duration, the prevalence of dyslipidemia and hypertension was the highest in people with LADA (90.6%, 77.7%) compared to people with T2D (81.8%, 60.4%) and T1D (75.7%, 39.7%) (p < 0.01). The prevalence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) was higher in LADA (44.2%), than in T1D (19.9%) (p < 0.01). The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was higher in individuals with LADA (55.1%) than in T2D (43.9%) and T1D (42.1%) (p < 0.05). Coverage of treatment for hypertension and dyslipidemia were 22.4% and 15.0% in T1D, 63.0% and 36.6% in LADA and 29.4% and 18.2% in T2D.ConclusionPeople with LADA had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension) and cardiovascular complications (DKD and peripheral neuropathy), suggesting that people with LADA are at need for improved recognition and care.
Morphology and Function Assessment of Left Atrial Appendage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Liu Ruizhong , Li Ying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAtrial fibrillation (AF) is among the most prevalent forms of clinically significant arrhythmia, and stroke incidence is among the most serious AF‐related complications, causing high rates of morbidity and mortality among affected patients. The European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend a thromboembolic event risk assessment based on the CHA2DS2‐VASC score. However, stroke also occurs in some patients with a low CHA2DS2‐VASC score. Therefore, it is necessary to improve thromboembolic risk stratification in AF patients. The left atrial appendage (LAA) is considered to be the most frequent site of thrombus formation. Approximately 47% of thrombi in valvular AF and 91% of thrombi in nonvalvular AF are localized in the LAA. Therefore, identification or exclusion of LAA thrombi is critical in many clinical situations. It is essential to assess LAA morphology and function using imaging modalities (particularly echocardiography) before, during, and after interventional procedures such as AF ablation and LAA occlusion. This review article describes the anatomical, physiological, and LAA assessment in daily practice.
Interactive Effects of Anthropogenic Stressors on the Temporal Changes in the Size Spectrum of Lake Fish Communities
Authors: Marin Valentin , Cucherousset Julien , Grenouillet Gaël 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe size spectrum represents a powerful approach for quantifying the effects of environmental changes from individuals to communities in aquatic ecosystems. However, our understanding of its temporal stability in freshwater ecosystems is still limited. In the present study, we used a size spectrum approach to investigate the responses of 126 lake fish communities to changes in the intensity of three common anthropogenic stressors (i.e., global warming, nutrient loading and biological invasions) in French natural lakes and reservoirs over an average 5‐year time period. Using a backward selection on a full model including all possible effects of stressors on the size spectrum slope, we demonstrated that (i) increasing summer temperature shifted fish abundance towards the largest size classes, resulting in a flatter size spectrum slope and (ii) nutrient loading and biological invasions were associated with a shift towards smaller size classes in natural lakes, while the opposite effect was observed in reservoirs. In addition, these two stressors interacted in determining changes in the size structure of fish communities, complicating what the size spectrum can reveal about changes in stressor intensity during monitoring programs. All predictors accounted for a limited part of the observed changes in size spectra, and further investigations are needed to fully apprehend the interplay between natural and human‐induced drivers of the temporal changes in size spectra in contrasting environmental conditions.
Impact of a digital relationship intervention for jailed individuals
Authors: Guttman Shayna , Doss Brian D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNot surprisingly, incarceration's extreme separation and stress have significant negative effects on romantic relationships. Unfortunately, few programs have been developed to improve jailed individuals' romantic relationship with their non‐incarcerated partner. The present study investigated the effectiveness of the individual version of the digital OurRelationship program for incarcerated individuals. The current study is a program evaluation of services provided by PayTel Inc. (a provider of eLearning and communication devices in US jails) between June 2020 and November 2021. Of the 5411 individuals in a romantic relationship who started the program, 3034 completed it. Following completion of the program, 78% reported feeling “Mostly” or “Very Satisfied” with the program, and 77% reported “Slight” to “Strong” agreement that their relationship benefited from the program. Individuals' relationship confidence (d = 0.36) and relationship knowledge (d = 0.33) significantly improved during the program. Women and Latino/Hispanic and Asian/PI individuals experienced the largest pre‐post gains in relationship functioning. Furthermore, racial/ethnic minority groups tended to report higher satisfaction with the program. Overall, the high rates of program satisfaction and significant pre‐post changes—combined with their reduced barriers to dissemination—support the delivery of digital relationship programs for jailed individuals interested in strengthening their relationship.
Contribution of the Self‐Heating Method in the Characterization of the Fatigue Damage of Materials With Defects Resulting From Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ziri Sabrine , Hor Anis , Mabru Catherine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the ability of the self‐heating method to characterize the fatigue behavior of 316L stainless steel produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion. Nearly dense cylinders are built vertically using various process parameters corresponding to various volumetric energy densities. Fatigue specimens are then machined from these cylinders and polished. Fully reversed tension–compression fatigue tests (R = −1) are conducted. The self‐heating method is used for the estimation of the fatigue limits. These fatigue limits are compared to results obtained from S‐N curves in the high cycle regime. Whatever the set of process parameters, the self‐heating curves show three distinct domains of heat dissipation. Thanks to microstructure analysis, fractographic observations, and correlations with S–N curves, these domains can be closely linked to damage mechanisms associated or not with defects.
The kinetics of moisture sorption by hair
Authors: Breakspear S. , Evans T. , Frueh P. , Neu A. , Noecker B. , Popescu C. , Uellner Q. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe rate process of moisture sorption by human hair has been analysed in order to hints for helping deepen knowledge on the hair structure and to explain the behaviour of hair in response to moisture.MethodsThe isotherms of moisture sorption by hair were recorded, via dynamic vapour sorption (DVS), for untreated (virgin) and treated (heat‐shaped and bleached) hair, as well as for separated cuticle and cortex.ResultsBy considering that, during moisture uptake, the hair fibres also swell, it is possible to introduce a time‐dependent rate constant for describing the kinetics of the moisture sorption. This model allows for clearly separating the moisture sorption processes occurring in Cuticle and in Cortex and for proposing a role of chain entanglement in the two main compartments of the fibre. It may also provide some hints on the structural changes occurring in the fibre after different cosmetic treatments. The influence of the weight of the sample on the kinetics of the sorption process has also been noted and quantified. The analysis pointed to a transition occurring at around 30% relative humidity, assigned to the opening of the hair inner structure, and accommodation of more water molecules. This allowed for an estimate of the value of the activation energy of the water molecules reacting with the active sites, which was found to be in good agreement with results published in the literature.ConclusionThe analysis of the kinetics of moisture sorption by hair was shown not only to provide information on the chain entanglement inside the fibre and the effect of cosmetic treatments but also to demonstrate and quantify the influence of fibre density on the sorption process. It is thus suggested that, along with examination of the hysteresis, the analysis of sorption kinetics helps reveal a more complete picture of hair moisture management.
Scalp condition improvement with botanical extracts possessing chemical and physical antioxidant activity
Authors: Marsh Jennifer M. , Li Lijuan , Knowles Sonja , Locker Kathryn C. S. , Pearson Kathleen , Bacon Rob , Kozak Kimberly , Laughlin Tim , Schwartz James R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveOxidative stress is implicated in scalp and hair health manifesting in several ways, including skin barrier, hair retention, healthy hair appearance and scalp sensation. We previously linked markers of oxidative damage to dandruff and skin barrier impairment and have linked key anti‐dandruff technologies to the resolution of these issues. Here we expand the therapeutic space demonstrating many botanical extracts offer protective benefits against ROS stress via both chemical and biological antioxidant mechanisms.MethodsChemical antioxidant activity of 10 botanical extracts was measured using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and biological antioxidant activity was measured using a Nrf‐2 cell assay. A three‐dimensional human keratinocyte skin equivalent model from MatTek was used to measure efficacy of reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) from both the botanicals added as a solution and from a shampoo product. A 4‐week consumer study with 56 panels was conducted with a leave‐on treatment containing a botanical extract. Measurement of the oxidized lipids (9 and 13‐Hydroxy‐10E 12Z‐octadecadienoic acid, HODE) extracted from scalp tape strips was made using gradient reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS).ResultsWe demonstrated in vitro that many botanical extracts exert antioxidant activity by quenching radicals in ORAC testing as well as activating biological antioxidant pathways via nrf‐2 up‐regulation in a cellular reporter system. Furthermore, we demonstrate these antioxidant activities for these botanicals in 3D skin models and ultimately show the reduction of lipid oxidation products in a consumer use context with a rosemary extract.ConclusionImproved scalp condition can be achieved with incorporation of botanicals having the potential to exert antioxidant activity in hair/scalp care products.
Thermal/mechanical properties of cordierite synthesized using coal gangue as a refractory material
Authors: Yan Guangmao , Chen Lin , Jiang Qingwei , Zhang Luyang , Wang Jiankun , Yang Yunchuan , Li Zulai , Feng Jing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCoal gangues i a solid waste during the coal mining process and the accumulation of coal gangue will harm the environment. Therefore, solid waste utilization of coal gangue is required to reduce the environmental damage. In this paper, cordierite ceramics are successfully prepared via a solid‐phase sintering using coal gangue, Al2O3, and MgO as raw materials. The effects of sintering temperatures on the microstructures, phase stability, and thermal properties of ceramics are investigated. The results show that the properties of cordierites prepared at 1200°C are close to those of prepared by the traditional method, and the synthesized ceramics have thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) and conductivity of 4.1–10−6 K−1 and 1.72 W·m−1 K−1 at 900°C, respectively. The sample prepared at 1200°C has good wear resistance (η) with a wear resistance coefficient of 0.507, and an excellent thermal shock resistance, which can withstand 15 times of cold and hot shocks at 1100°C without any cracks on the surface. This study systematically elucidates the thermal/mechanical properties of the synthesized cordierite, and the feasibility of using coal gangue as raw materials prepared cordierite ceramics as refractory materials. This work presents an effective solution to mitigate the challenge of coal gangue disposal.