bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Novel Disperse Reactive Dye Involving a Versatile Bridge Group for the Sustainable Coloration of Natural Fibers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Fan Yue , Zhang Yan‐Qin , Yan Kai , Long Jia‐Jie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDisperse reactive dyes with appropriate chemical structure are key for the coloration of natural fibers in the water‐free environmentally friendly medium of supercritical carbon dioxide with various advantages. The objective of this work is to design and synthesize a novel anthraquinonoid disperse reactive dye involving a versatile bridge group to improve the coloration properties of the dye in supercritical carbon dioxide. Cross‐coupling condensation based on an Ullmann reaction between N‐phenylethylenediamine and 1‐chloroanthraquinone in a ligand‐free system is investigated by optimizing the synthesis parameters. Notable influences are observed from the dosages of N,N‐dimethyl formamide and potassium hydroxide, as well as the system temperature and reaction duration, on the isolated yield of the dye precursor. An optimized process is also recommended for synthesizing the designed novel dye. Then, the chemical structure, color characteristics, and coloration properties of the obtained dye are further investigated and successfully characterized by utilizing Fourier‐transform infrared analysis, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Additionally, practical coloration experiments are performed with cotton, silk, and wool in a supercritical carbon dioxide medium.
A Desymmetrization‐Based Total Synthesis of Reserpine
Authors: Park Jisook , Chen David Y.‐K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReported herein is a desymmetrization‐based synthetic approach to the fused polycyclic indole alkaloid reserpine. The centerpiece of the developed strategy features an internal desymmetrization process that enabled the use of a readily accessible and nonstereogenic reserpine E‐ring precursor, in contrast to the synthesis‐intensive and stereodefined E‐ring intermediates employed in all past reserpine syntheses. Utilization of inexpensive reagents through an orchestrated sequence of carefully selected chemical transformations further highlight the overall effectiveness of the developed pathway.
Magnesium(I) Halide versus Magnesium Metal: Differences in Reaction Energy and Reactivity Monitored in Reduction Processes of P−Cl Bonds
Authors: Arras Janet , Kruczyński Tomasz , Bresien Jonas , Schulz Axel , Schnöckel Hansgeorg 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMagnesium(I) halides (MgIX; X=Cl, Br, I), as high temperature molecules, are trapped and finally stored at −80 °C in toluene/donor solutions. These solutions provide insights into the fundamental mechanism of reduction reactions using activated magnesium metal as a prototype for every base metal. The most important example of such a reaction is the preparation of Grignard reagents (RMgX). The details of this highly complex mechanism especially of intermediates between Mg metal and MgII (RMgX) remain unknown until today. The same is true for the reaction of bulk magnesium with Group 15 halide compounds that give biradicaloid species. We investigate the reduction of P−Cl bonds with solutions of [MgIBr(NnBu3)]2 (1). The phosphanes [ClP(μ‐NTer)]2 (2) and (Me3Si)2N‐PCl2 (3), were chosen as they had successfully been reduced by Mg metal before. Furthermore, reactions of both 1 and Mg metal are compared with an MgI chelate complex L1Mg−MgL1 containing a strong Mg−Mg σ‐bond.
Formation of Multicomponent Size‐Sorted Assembly Patterns by Tunable Templated Dewetting
Authors: Guo Dan , Zheng Xu , Wang Xiaohe , Li Huizeng , Li Kaixuan , Li Zheng , Song Yanlin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSelective and deterministic assembly of particles is fundamentally significant for manufacturing functional devices. However, it is still a challenge to precisely and facilely manipulate particles of different sizes into different assembly patterns. Herein, a method is presented to achieve precise control over the formation of binary or ternary particle size‐sorted assemblies. We investigate the assembly process of particles by capillary confinement and show that different size‐sorted assemblies of multiple components can be realized by tuning the templated dewetting. By controlling the dewetting direction, receding contact angle, and pillar height of the template, assembly of dual‐ring patterns, “comet” structures, and patterns with component separation are regulated. These structures can be further diversified by tuning the composition of the particles. This approach is general for particle assemblies of different sizes and materials, which will be significant for the fabrication of printed micro/nanohybrid devices.
Ether‐Soluble Cu53 Nanoclusters as an Effective Precursor of High‐Quality CuI Films for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Yuan Peng , Chen Ruihao , Zhang Xiaomin , Chen Fengjiao , Yan Juanzhu , Sun Cunfa , Ou Daohui , Peng Jian , Lin Shuichao , Tang Zichao , Teo Boon K. , Zheng Lan‐Sun , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn effective strategy is developed to synthesize high‐nuclearity Cu clusters, [Cu53(RCOO)10(C≡CtBu)20Cl2H18]+ (Cu53), which is the largest CuI/Cu0 cluster reported to date. Cu powder and Ph2SiH2 are employed as the reducing agents in the synthesis. As revealed by single‐crystal diffraction, Cu53 is arranged as a four‐concentric‐shell Cu3@Cu10Cl2@Cu20@Cu20 structure, possessing an atomic arrangement of concentric M12 icosahedral and M20 dodecahedral shells which popularly occurs in Au/Ag nanoclusters. Surprisingly, Cu53 can be dissolved in diethyl ether and spin coated to form uniform nanoclusters film on organolead halide perovskite. The cluster film can subsequently be converted into high‐quality CuI film via in situ iodination at room temperature. The as‐fabricated CuI film is an excellent hole‐transport layer for fabricating highly stable CuI‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with 14.3 % of efficiency.
Malformations in the Murine Kidney Caused by Loss of CENP‐F Function
Authors: Haley Chanell O. , Waters Aoife M. , Bader D.M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTCentromere‐binding protein F (CENP‐F) is a large and complex protein shown to play critical roles in mitosis and various other interphase functions. Previous studies have shown that the disruption of CENP‐F function leads to detrimental effects on human development. Still, it is important to note the lack of studies focusing on the effects that the loss of this essential protein may have on specific adult organs. In the current study, we used a novel global knockout murine model to analyze the potential consequences deletion of CENP‐F has on adult kidney structure and function. We discovered several structural abnormalities including loss of ciliary structure, tubule dilation, and disruption of the glomerulus. Along with these structural irregularities, renal dysfunction was also detected suggesting hydronephrosis and acute kidney injury in these knockout organs. Importantly, this is the first study linking CENP‐F to kidney disease and hopefully these data will serve as a platform to further investigate the molecular mechanisms disrupted in the kidney by the loss of CENP‐F. Anat Rec, 302:163–170, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppression of Murine Lupus by CD4+ and CD8+ Treg Cells Induced by T Cell–Targeted Nanoparticles Loaded With Interleukin‐2 and Transforming Growth Factor β
Authors: Horwitz David A. , Bickerton Sean , Koss Michael , Fahmy Tarek M. , La Cava Antonio 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo develop a nanoparticle (NP) platform that can expand both CD4+ and CD8+ Treg cells in vivo for the suppression of autoimmune responses in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsPoly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs encapsulating interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) were coated with anti‐CD2/CD4 antibodies and administered to mice with lupus‐like disease induced by the transfer of DBA/2 T cells into (C57BL/6 × DBA/2)F1 (BDF1) mice. The peripheral frequency of Treg cells was monitored ex vivo by flow cytometry. Disease progression was assessed by measuring serum anti–double‐stranded DNA antibody levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Kidney disease was defined as the presence of proteinuria or renal histopathologic features.ResultsAnti‐CD2/CD4 antibody–coated, but not noncoated, NPs encapsulating IL‐2 and TGFβ induced CD4+ and CD8+ FoxP3+ Treg cells in vitro. The optimal dosing regimen of NPs for expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ Treg cells was determined in in vivo studies in mice without lupus and then tested in BDF1 mice with lupus. The administration of anti‐CD2/CD4 antibody–coated NPs encapsulating IL‐2 and TGFβ resulted in the expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ Treg cells, a marked suppression of anti‐DNA antibody production, and reduced renal disease.ConclusionThis study shows for the first time that T cell–targeted PLGA NPs encapsulating IL‐2 and TGFβ can expand both CD4+ and CD8+ Treg cells in vivo and suppress murine lupus. This approach, which enables the expansion of Treg cells in vivo and inhibits pathogenic immune responses in SLE, could represent a potential new therapeutic modality in autoimmune conditions characterized by impaired Treg cell function associated with IL‐2 deficiency.
Cost‐Efficient Graphitic Carbon Nitride as an Effective Photocatalyst for Antibiotic Degradation: An Insight into the Effects of Different Precursors and Coexisting Ions, and Photocatalytic Mechanism
Authors: Tian Cheng , Zhao Hui , Mei Jian , Yang Shijian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, the photocatalytic activity of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) synthesized via different precursors (urea, thiourea, and dicyandiamide) is investigated in the degradation process of tetracycline. Owing to the efficient charge separation and transfer, prolonged radiative lifetime of charge, large surface area, and nanosheet morphology, the urea‐derived g‐C3N4 exhibits superior photocatalytic activity for tetracycline degradation under visible‐light irradiation. This performance can compare with that of most reported g‐C3N4‐based composite photocatalysts. Through the time‐circle degradation experiment, the urea‐derived g‐C3N4 is found to have an excellent photocatalytic stability. The presence of NO3−, CH3COO−, Cl− and SO42− ions with the concentration of 10 mm inhibits the photocatalytic activity of urea‐derived g‐C3N4, where this inhibitory effect is more obvious for Cl− and SO42− ions. For the coexisting Cu2+, Ca2+, and Zn2+ ions, the Cu2+ ion exhibits a significantly higher inhibitory effect than Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions for tetracycline degradation. However, both the inhibitory and facilitating effects are observed in the presence of Fe3+ ion with different concentration. The h+, .OH and .O2− radicals are confirmed as major oxidation species and a possible photocatalytic mechanism is proposed in a urea‐derived g‐C3N4 reaction system. This study is of important significance to promote the large‐scale application of g‐C3N4 photocatalysts in antibiotic wastewater purification.
Simultaneous determination of fifteen multiclass organic pollutants in human saliva and serum by liquid chromatography–tandem ultraviolet/fluorescence detection: A validated method
Authors: Russo Giacomo , Barbato Francesco , Mita Damiano Gustavo , Grumetto Lucia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA quick and inexpensive validated method, based on sample treatment by liquid–liquid microextraction followed by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with ultraviolet tandem fluorescence detection is proposed for the determination of 15 multiclass pollutants both in serum and in saliva, as a simple and easy to draw matrix. The method was set up and validated according to European guidelines. The compounds of interest include some endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (i.e. bisphenol A, bisphenol B, bisphenol E, bisphenol F, bisphenol AF, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol M, diethylhexyl phthalate, monoethylhexyl phthalate, triclosan and 4‐nonylphenol), as well as other pollutants belonging to the class of volatile organic compounds (2‐chlorophenol, 1,2 dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5‐tetrachlorobenzene). The limits of quantifications ranged from 2.28 × 10−3 μg mL−1(bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) to 6.29 μg mL−1(diethylhexyl phthalate), while those of detection ranged from 0.068 × 10−3 μg mL−1(bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) to 1.031 μg mL−1(diethylhexyl phthalate). To test method suitability, it was applied to real saliva and serum samples of healthy human volunteers and was found to meet the demands of the laboratories handling simple and relatively inexpensive equipment for screening oriented at rapid and reliable contamination assessment of a population.
“We are happy we welcome this decision what … our Prime Minister has taken”: Political subjectivities in populist politics during demonetization (2016) in India
Authors: Sambaraju Rahul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiscursive social psychologists have examined various ways in which political talk and participation in politics are accomplished. In this paper, I examine talk related to a populist policy to examine how it is that members of the general public informally participate in populist political practices. I examined transcripts of broadcast on‐air interviews with those experiencing outcomes of a controversial monetary policy in India introduced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, namely, demonetization. Discursive psychological analyses show that interviewers and interviewees treated talk on policy as implicating political subjectivities for the interviewees. They flexibly offered various forms of assessments on the policy in ways to negotiate implications that they were predisposed to the policy and Modi. Their political subjectivities as those who were “Modi supporters,” for example, were attended to and negotiated in ways to accomplish interview participation. The findings show the relevance of personal/subjective assessments and positions in political talk. These are discussed in relation to contemporary understandings of populism.
Electrochemical Detection of Isoform‐Specific Interaction between Apolipoprotein E and Amyloid‐β
Authors: Su Han , Jin Yiyun , Noroozifar Meissam , Kerman Kagan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) including amyloid‐β (Aβ) in the brain. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays a key role in the homeostasis of cholesterol and other lipids in blood circulation. The interaction between ApoE and Aβ has been implicated in the pathological progression of AD. In this study, the interaction of three isoforms of ApoE4, ApoE3 and ApoE2 with Aβ1–40and Aβ1–42peptides was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Interactions between Aβ peptides and ApoE isoforms were determined by monitoring the changes in ΔRctof Nyquist plots. The affinity between Aβ1–40and Aβ1–42and ApoE isoforms interpreted from EIS data followed the trend: ApoE4>ApoE3>ApoE2. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), the binding affinity (KD) constants for the interaction of ApoE4 with Aβ1–40and Aβ1–42peptides were determined as 185±21 nM and 156±18 nM, respectively, in agreement with our electrochemical results. Our proof‐of‐principle study demonstrates that EIS provides a promising platform for the investigation of protein‐protein interactions implicated in AD.
Mixed‐valence Compounds: AuO2 and AuS
Authors: Tang Meng , Zhang Yanmei , Li Siya , Wu Xi , Jia Yan , Yang Guochun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Guochun Yang. The image shows two hitherto unknown AuO2 and AuS compounds with mixed‐valence states of Au discovered through first‐principles swarm structure searching calculations. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.201800715.
Multistate occupancy modeling improves understanding of amphibian breeding dynamics in the Greater Yellowstone Area
Authors: Gould William R. , Ray Andrew M. , Bailey Larissa L. , Thoma David , Daley Rob , Legg Kristin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiscerning the determinants of species occurrence across landscapes is fundamental to their conservation and management. In spatially and climatologically complex landscapes, explaining the dynamics of occurrence can lead to improved understanding of short‐ vs. long‐term trends and offer novel insight on local vs. regional change. We examined the changes in occupancy for two species of anurans with different life histories over a decade using hundreds of wetland sites in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. To account for the joint dynamics of wetland drying and amphibian breeding, we adopted a multistate occupancy model as a means to investigate mechanistic relationships of observed occurrence patterns with climatological drivers of wetland hydrologic variability. This approach allowed us to decompose occupancy dynamics into habitat changes caused by wetland drying and amphibian breeding activity, conditional on available water and previous breeding state. Over our 10‐yr time series, we observed considerable variability in climate drivers and the proportion of dry wetlands. Boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) were more responsive to changes in wetland inundation status than Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris), as indicated by higher breeding colonization probabilities under favorable (wet) conditions. Both species had high probabilities of breeding persistence in permanently inundated wetlands with prior breeding. Despite the absence of multi‐year drought in our time series, mechanistic relationships described here offer insights on how future climate variation may result in reduced and/or shifted occurrence patterns for pond‐breeding anurans in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Further, our modeling approach may prove valuable in evaluating determinants of occurrence for other species that are dependent on wetlands or other dynamic habitats.
Trends in the consumption of opioids for the treatment of severe pain in Europe, 1990–2016
Authors: Bosetti Cristina , Santucci Claudia , Radrezza Silvia , Erthal Juliana , Berterame Stefano , Corli Oscar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundOver the last decades, consumption of opioids for the treatment of pain increased steadily in the United States, Australia, and a few European countries. To date, no study has analysed time trends in opioid consumption across Europe.MethodsWe analysed data provided by International Narcotics Control Boards on the consumption of fentanyl, oxycodone, morphine, hydromorphone and pethidine in 40 European countries over the last decade. Trends in total opioid consumption from 1990 to 2016 in 22 selected European countries, the European Union (EU) as a whole, and, for comparison purpose, the United States, were analysed using the joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsIn 2014–2016, opioid use was >10,000 defined daily doses for statistical purposes (s‐DDD) per 1,000,000 inhabitants die in Western/Northern countries, whereas it was <1000 s‐DDD in Southern/Eastern ones. In most European countries, opioid consumption increased to a great extent between 2004–2006 and 2014–2016; it rose from 6,477 to 8,967 s‐DDD (+38.4%) in the EU, and from 14,598 to 16,491 s‐DDD (+13%) in the United States. The increase in opioid use was steady since the early to mid‐1990s in most European countries and it slowed down after the mid‐ to late 2000s. In Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Switzerland, Poland and the EU, opioid use levelled off or declined over most recent years.ConclusionsConsumption of opioid analgesics sharply increased in most of European countries since the early to mid‐1990s. This notwithstanding, in the mid‐2010s there was still a more than 10‐fold difference between the highest consumption in Western/Northern countries and the lowest one in Southern/Eastern countries.SignificanceThis study provides an updated and comprehensive analysis of time trends and geographic variations in opioid consumption use across European countries over the last three decades.
Use of DNA sequencing for noncommunicable diseases in low‐income and middle‐income countries' primary care settings: A narrative synthesis
Authors: González‐Robledo Luz Maria , Serván‐Mori Edson , Casas‐López Anaid , Flores‐Hernández Sergio , Bravo María Lilia , Sánchez‐González Gilberto , Nigenda Gustavo 
Published: November 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo present a systematic narrative review, informed by international experience, on the use of genomic analysis technologies in the primary care of noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) during the last 20 years.MethodsWe used the methodology for conducting systematic reviews proposed by the Center for Coordination and Information on Evidence for Policies and Practices. The selected articles were organized by time, place, study design, and type of DNA sequencing. Finally, we analyzed the implications of our findings for health systems in middle‐income and low‐income countries focusing on a NCD high prevalence country such as México.ResultsEvidence concerning the use of DNA sequencing in primary care for NCDs was scarce and geographically concentrated in high‐income countries. Use was limited by costs, insufficient knowledge among health care personnel, and a lack of confidence on the part of users.ConclusionsThe use of DNA sequencing for primary care of NCDs is a challenge for low‐ and middle‐income countries. More evidence is needed on cost effectiveness, public funding mechanisms, and the training of health care personnel for its implementation.
Vanadium compounds and cellular death mechanisms in the A549 cell line: The relevance of the compound valence
Authors: Guerrero‐Palomo Gabriela , Rendón‐Huerta Erika P. , Montaño Luis F. , Fortoul Teresa I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNon‐small lung cell carcinoma has a high morbidity and mortality rates. The elective treatment for stage III and IV is cisplatinum that conveys serious toxic side effects. Vanadium compounds are metal molecules with proven antitumor activity that depends on its valence. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of vanadium compounds is required. The aim of our study was to investigate the mechanisms of cell death induced by sodium metavanadate (NaVO3 [V(+5)]) and vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4 [(+4)]), both of which have reported apoptotic‐inducing activity. We exposed the A549 cell line to various concentrations (0‐100 μM) and to different exposure times to each compound and determined the cell viability and expression of caspases, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Bcl2, Bax, FasL and NO. Our results showed that neither compounds modified the basal expression of caspases or pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic proteins. The only change observed was the 12‐ and 14‐fold significant increase in ROS production induced by NaVO3 and VOSO4, respectively, at 100 μm concentrations after 48 hours. Our results suggest that classical apoptotic mechanisms are not related to the cell death induced by the vanadium compounds evaluated here, and showed that the higher ROS production was induced by the [(+4)] valence compound. It is possible that the difference will be secondary to its higher oxidative status and thus higher ROS production, which leads to higher cell damage. In conclusion, our results suggest that the efficacy of the cell death mechanisms induced by vanadium compounds differ depending on the valence of the compound.