bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new late Pleistocene subfossil site (Tsaramody, Sambaina basin, central Madagascar) with implications for the chronology of habitat and megafaunal community change on Madagascar's Central Highlands
Authors: Samonds Karen E. , Crowley Brooke E. , Rasolofomanana Tojoarilala Rinasoa Nadia , Andriambelomanana Miora Christelle , Andrianavalona Harimalala Tsiory , Ramihangihajason Tolotra Niaina , Rakotozandry Ravoniaina , Nomenjanahary Zafindratsaravelo Bototsemily , Irwin Mitchell T. , Wells Neil A. , Godfrey Laurie R. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTMadagascar is a complex ‘biodiversity hotspot’ with a rapidly dwindling biota. The Late Quaternary subfossil record includes many extinct species whose loss is attributed to natural climate change and human impacts. Investigation of the chronology of these events is challenging because few localities document pre‐Holocene communities not impacted by humans. Caves with extinct lemurs of large body size comprise some of Madagascar's richest subfossil sites, but provide only a limited window into the island's past. Open highland sites may have fewer primates, but may better document other megafauna, and allow the analysis of the role of the Central Highlands as refugia and as corridors for the dispersal of vertebrates before and after human arrival. Here we present a new subfossil site, Tsaramody (Sambaina basin, Central Madagascar), a high‐altitude wetland area that preserves a diverse late glacial and postglacial vertebrate community. Tsaramody bears testimony to fluctuations in the highland flora during the transition from glacial to postglacial conditions, and the composition of a highland vertebrate community before humans arrived. We compare its biota to those of other sites to begin to document the decline and disappearance of megafauna from some of Madagascar's open ecosystems – wetlands dominated by hippopotamuses and crocodylians. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Results of a Prospective Study to Evaluate the Impact of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound in the Enhancement of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Risk Scores
Authors: Tung Chen Yale , Blancas Gómez‐Casero Rafael , Quintana Díaz Manuel , Villén Villegas Tomás , Cobo Mora Julio , Carballo Cardona César 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesGastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common illness seen in the emergency department. The prognosis varies from self‐limited to potentially life threatening. Currently available GI bleeding risk scores have only a modest predictive value, limiting their wide implementation. The aim of this study was to assess the association and capability of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) used by emergency physicians to improve common GI bleeding scores for predicting complications and long‐term outcomes of patients with GI bleeding, which to our knowledge have never been studied.MethodsBetween August 2015 and April 2017, 203 hemodynamically stable patients with acute GI bleeding admitted to the emergency department were prospectively investigated. Using ultrasound, we measured the inferior vena cava diameter, cardiac output with surrogate markers such as the velocity time integral before and after the passive leg‐raising test, and the presence of systolic obliteration of the left ventricle. The Rockall and Glasgow‐Blatchford scores were calculated for patients with upper GI bleeding and the Velayos score for lower GI bleeding. The patients had follow‐up during hospitalization and 30 days later to assess for early and late adverse events (AEs). Then we integrated the ultrasound findings of hypovolemia into the GI bleeding scores, assessing the capability to detect AEs.ResultsIn our cohort, patients with upper GI bleeding who showed left ventricle kissing walls had a worse evolution, with a greater presence of late AEs (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–10.96; P = .01). Patients with lower GI bleeding who showed a collapse of the inferior vena cava (>50%) after passive leg raising had a greater presence of early AEs (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.46–9.00; P = .004). The predictive performance of the Rockall score (receiver operating characteristic analysis: area under the curve [AUC], 77.6%; 95% CI, 66.3%–88.8%) increased with POCUS (AUC, 80.3%; 95% CI, 69.5%–91.1%); that of the Glasgow‐Blatchford score (AUC, 72.5%; 95% CI, 59.9%–85.2%) increased with POCUS (AUC, 73.2%; 95% CI, 61.1%–85.4%); and that of Velayos score (AUC, 55.7%; 95% CI, 42.5%–69.0%) also increased with POCUS (AUC, 72.2%; 95% CI, 61.1%–83.3%).ConclusionsThe use of POCUS in GI bleeding is feasible and enhances common GI bleeding risk scores, showing better predictive performance in detecting AEs.
The utility of intraoperative navigation of the temporal bone for otolaryngology resident training
Authors: Schwam Zachary G. , Kaul Vivian Z. , Cosetti Maura K. , Wanna George B. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo determine whether image guidance improves dissection quality among residents in the temporal bone lab and to gauge their reactions to its use.MethodsProspective cohort study of nine otolaryngology residents who dissected cadaveric temporal bones with and without image guidance in the temporal bone laboratory. Quality of dissection was measured with the Welling scale. A survey was administered assessing their interactions with the navigation system.ResultsThere was no significant difference in quality of dissection for the majority of structures or number of major errors with use of image guidance. Dissection quality of the tegmen (4.67 vs. 5.67, P = .034) and sinodural angle (0.83 vs. 1.56, P = .005) was superior in the non‐navigation specimens. The majority of residents reported increased confidence with locating several critical anatomic structures and found the system intuitive to use. Nearly all thought it would be helpful in revision cases or for aural atresia.ConclusionImage guidance did not improve quality of temporal bone dissection or number of major errors in this cohort of residents, but the majority found it intuitive and increased confidence in finding several structures. Navigation systems may play an important adjunctive role in resident education and further work is required to determine its optimal use.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130:E368–E371, 2020
Effects of NaCl, SO2, NH3, O3, and ultraviolet light on atmospheric corrosion of Zn
Authors: Onye Jermain , Frankel Gerald S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe atmospheric corrosion behavior of Zn was studied in laboratory environments containing constituents that have not previously received much attention, in particular, humidity, SO2, NH
3, and O
3, along with ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation and a preloading of NaCl. After exposure, corrosion rates were measured using mass loss, and corrosion products were identified by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. In this study, UV light and O
3 did not significantly affect the Zn corrosion rate in the absence of Cl
−. However, when NaCl was present, UV light inhibited the Zn corrosion rate below 90% relative humidity (RH) and accelerated the Zn corrosion rate at 99% RH. The presence of UV light also increased the formation of zinc hydroxyl sulfate and gordaite when exposed to 120 parts per billion (ppb) SO
2 and NaCl. The combination of SO
2 and O
3 with the preloading of NaCl increased the corrosion rate of Zn compared with NaCl alone. NH
3 at a concentration of 550 ppb did not have a significant effect on the Zn corrosion rate.
Two‐dimensional elastic full‐waveform inversion of Love waves in shallow vertically transversely isotropic media: synthetic reconstruction tests
Authors: Krampe Valérie , Pan Yudi , Bohlen Thomas 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn most shallow‐seismic applications of full‐waveform inversion, the subsurface is assumed to be isotropic, although near‐surface materials may exhibit strong seismic anisotropy. Ignoring anisotropy will lead to inexact solutions when simulating wave propagation or imaging the subsurface using full‐waveform inversion. For shallow structures, vertically transversely isotropic media provide a suitable approximation due to the fine horizontal layering of the sediments. We investigate the effects of anisotropy on surface waves and on shallow‐seismic full‐waveform inversion in vertically transversely isotropic media. The comparisons of seismograms calculated in isotropic and vertically transversely isotropic models show that the sensitivity of full‐waveform inversion towards anisotropy is significantly higher for Love waves than for Rayleigh waves. This observation indicates that it is more promising to perform full‐waveform inversion on Love waves rather than on Rayleigh waves to identify anisotropy of near‐surface materials. Therefore, we performed synthetic two‐dimensional reconstruction tests of anisotropic full‐waveform inversion using only shallow‐seismic Love waves. These tests revealed that the parameters describing vertical transverse isotropy can be accurately reconstructed by full‐waveform inversion. Although the inversion for density is still problematic, this does not affect the results for the seismic velocities in a significant way. The tests on synthetic data thus prove the general applicability and the benefits of an anisotropic inversion of shallow‐seismic Love waves, which can provide a more comprehensive subsurface characterization in shallow anisotropic media.
Overweight Patterns Between Childhood and Early Adulthood and Esophageal and Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma Risk
Authors: Petrick Jessica L. , Jensen Britt W. , Sørensen Thorkild I.A. , Cook Michael B. , Baker Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveEsophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) are among the most rapidly increasing cancers in Western countries. Elevated BMI in adulthood is a known risk factor, but associations in early life are unclear.MethodsThis study assessed weight change between childhood and early adulthood in relation to EA/GCA. Measured weights and heights during childhood (7‐13 years) and early adulthood (17‐26 years) were available for 64,695 young men from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register and the Danish Conscription Database. Individuals were categorized as having normal weight or overweight. Linkage with the Danish Cancer Registry identified 275 EA/GCA cases. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsThe risk of EA/GCA was 2.5 times higher in men who were first classified as having overweight at age 7 (HR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.50‐4.14) compared with men who were never classified as having overweight. Men who had persistent overweight at ages 7 and 13 and in early adulthood had an EA/GCA risk that was 3.2 times higher (HR = 3.18; 95% CI: 1.57‐6.44). However, there was little evidence of increased EA/GCA risk for men with overweight during childhood and subsequent remittance by early adulthood.ConclusionsPersistent overweight in early life is associated with increased EA/GCA risk, which declines if body weight is reduced.
Adaptive hinged fiber reinforced plastics with tailored shape memory alloy hybrid yarn
Authors: Ashir Moniruddoza , Nocke Andreas , Hanke Uwe , Cherif Chokri 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCurrently, there is an urgent need to reduce the CO2 footprint and simultaneously improve resource efficiency. Hence, conventional construction materials are increasingly being replaced by fiber reinforced plastics, which can be used more efficiently by integration of actuator materials for the formation of adaptive fiber reinforced plastics. This paper presents the development of adaptive hinged fiber reinforced plastics based on shape memory alloys, which were structurally integrated into reinforcing fabrics by weaving technology. Prior to weaving, the SMA was converted into hybrid yarns in the form of core‐sheath structures by means of friction spinning technology. The produced functionalized fabrics were varied by the distance between two adjacent SMAs and their hinged width. Subsequently, the deformation behavior of adaptive fiber reinforced fabrics was tested, and results were evaluated in terms of quasi‐static and dynamic aspects. Results revealed that the maximum deformation of adaptive FRP was tripled by increasing the hinged width from 50 to 150 mm and doubled by reducing the distance between two adjacent SMAs from 20 to 10 mm.
Auxin Induces Widespread Proteome Remodeling in Arabidopsis Seedlings
Authors: Clark Natalie M. , Shen Zhouxin , Briggs Steven P. , Walley Justin W. , Kelley Dior R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is known that auxin induces rapid gene expression changes throughout plant development, but how these transcriptional responses relate to changes in protein abundance is not well characterized. This report identifies early auxin responsive proteins in whole Arabidopsis seedlings using an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification‐based quantitative proteomics approach. Approximately 25% of the detected proteins (1045 out of 4257 proteins) are auxin responsive, which is in line with the central role of auxin in the regulation of plant growth and development. Several well‐known auxin pathway proteins are identified as differentially expressed, validating this quantitative proteomics approach. Additionally, functional categorization of these auxin responsive proteins indicates that rapid and complex metabolic changes occur in seedlings in response to auxin, including lipid metabolism. Altogether, these data describe novel auxin‐regulated proteins and are an excellent resource for identifying new downstream signaling components related to auxin‐mediated plant growth and development.
A user centered design approach to development of an online self‐management program for cancer survivors: Springboard Beyond Cancer
Authors: Leach Corinne R. , Diefenbach Michael A. , Fleszar Sara , Alfano Catherine M. , Stephens Robert L. , Riehman Kara , Hudson Shawna V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute launched and evaluated a personalized online program leveraging behavioral science principles to help people self‐manage physical and emotional symptoms, improve communication skills, and lead healthier lives during and after a cancer diagnosis.MethodsCancer survivors were recruited from an academic medical and a community clinical setting (N = 40) to complete in‐person user testing of the Springboard Beyond Cancer website, which included action decks and content to promote self‐management. Action decks were printable or savable collections of information and action steps related to a cancer topic or treatment side effect. Participants performed structured tasks to evaluate the program's content and usability. Comments and reactions were recorded, and qualitative thematic analyses were conducted.ResultsMost participants successfully found information about fatigue (95%), pain (83%), sexual side effects (90%), and support groups (85%). Survivors, particularly those in treatment, found information on the site to be clear, concise, and meeting their needs. Use of action decks to create self‐management plans was inconsistent. Survivors reported needing more instruction and support within the program on how to best utilize enhanced functionality in action decks to prioritize their most pressing concerns.ConclusionsEarly stakeholder engagement throughout the multiple phases of prototyping and deployment are needed to fully maximize end user engagement. Providing actionable self‐management content and activating tools to cancer survivors via an eHealth program is a feasible and scalable approach to increasing access to self‐management tools and addressing cancer survivor needs.
Intraoperative validation of bone cut accuracy of a pinless smart touch‐screen navigation system device in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ulivi Michele , Orlandini Luca Claudio , Meroni Valentina , Castoldi Daniele , Lombardo Michele Davide Maria , Peretti Giuseppe M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposePrimary objective in most of the published literature on computer‐assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has so far been the comparison of axial alignment and components position, obtained either through navigation systems or through conventional instrumentation. We have found no studies aimed at assessing the intraoperative reliability of a navigation system in relation to bone cuts height. Aim of our study was therefore to establish bone cut accuracy of a pinless navigation system.MethodsFrom January 2014 to February 2016, 44 consecutive patients requiring total knee replacement (TKR) were enrolled in a prospective study. Primary end point of the study was to assess the accuracy of the DASH iPOD TOUCH Navigation System (Brainlab AG, Feldkirchen, Germany) by measuring the real thickness of both tibial and femoral osteotomies. We compared the data indicated by the navigation system with the intraoperative anatomical measurements done with the aid of a caliper. In addition, the radiographic alignment was compared with the data derived from the navigator.ResultsThe device proved to be precise. Differences between the two methods of measurement are distributed over a millimeter range. Radiological measurements showed that 95.5% of tibial components were within the range of 3° varus/valgus; same results were obtained by the navigation system; instead, 90.1% of femoral components were within the range of 3° varus/valgus based on the radiological measurement, whereas according to the navigation system, 86.4% were in this range.ConclusionsThe DASH iPOD TOUCH Navigation System is a precise and reliable instrument to assist in TKA navigation.
A distributed leader‐following tracking controller using delayed control input information from neighbors
Authors: Zhu Bo , Chen Jingyang , Wang Jia 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a simple, continuous, and distributed controller for the second‐order multiagent system to achieve leader‐following trajectory tracking, by exploiting the control input information of neighbors (CIIN) and using proportional‐derivative (PD) control in terms of local neighborhood synchronization error. A constant time delay is introduced in the CIIN as a design parameter to avoid the algebraic loop issue arising from the control input coupling. We develop an easily testable condition on the PD gains to ensure that the resulting neutral‐type error system is input‐to‐state stable for an arbitrary bounded delay, and prove that when the leader's acceleration is a Lipschitz continuous function with respect to time, the ultimate bound of tracking errors is strictly increasing with respect to the introduced time delay. Moreover, we analyze the robustness of the controller with respect to model uncertainties and show its potential advantages over two existing controllers in balancing the steady‐state tracking precision, the communication cost, and the continuity of controller signal. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to show the effect of the delay on system stability, to verify the condition on PD gains, to confirm the robustness of the controller, and to demonstrate the detailed advantages.
Facile Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy Oxindole by a Decarboxylative Aldol Reaction of β‐Ketoacid and Isatin in WERSA
Authors: Dwivedi Kartikey Dhar , Reddy Marri Sameer , Kumar Nandigama Satish , Chowhan L. Raju 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFacile synthesis of bioactive 3‐hydroxy‐oxindole by decarboxylative aldol reaction via in‐situ generated methyl enolate of β‐ketoacid and isatin in Water Extract of Rice Straw Ash (WERSA) is described. This method provides clean, simple and useful alternative to synthesize 3‐hydroxy‐oxindole. The products were isolated in excellent yield without using column chromatography. The green chemistry matrices calculated, and it also shows green protocol used.
Enhancing Electroreduction of CO2 to Formate of Pd Catalysts Loaded on TiO2 Nanotubes Arrays by N, B‐Support Modification
Authors: Bai Bing , Chen Qingsong , Zhao Xiuhui , Zhuo Dehuang , Xu Zhongning , Wang Zhiqiao , Wu Mingyan , Tan Hongzi , Peng Siyan , Guo Guocong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate in aqueous electrolyte is a potentially effective route for energy storage and resource utilization of CO2. Pd is known as excellent catalyst for CO2 electrochemical reduction, however, the selectivity to formate on Pd catalysts was limited to narrow potential window which may restrict their applications. Herein, N, B‐doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTA) were designed and synthesized to reveal the metal‐support interaction and its effects on the electrochemical reduction of CO2. The N, B doped TNTA supported Pd catalysts were found to highly enhance the activity with 3.7 and 4.6 times and the selectivity with 2 and 2.6 times comparing respectively to undoped one for CO2 electrochemical reduction to formate at −1.0 V vs SCE. The enhancement of formate production can be attributed to the modification of electron structure facilitating the stabilization of active Pd hydride phase and suppressing the CO formation. This study will shed light on strategies to improve the performance of catalysts via the functionalization of supports in field of CO2 selective electrochemical reduction.
Substituents Effects of Organic Linkers on Rotational Energy Barriers in Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Sinha Nilima , Deshpande Indraneel , Pakhira Srimanta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new kind of solid porous materials built from metal cations and organic bridging linkers or ligands. We considered a model MOF system using various organic linkers with Zn2+ cations, and studied their equilibrium geometry, structure, potential energy curves (PECs), rotational dynamics, and rotational barriers of the linkers by employing first‐principles based DFT methods. We investigated the rotational and dynamical behaviors of the organic linkers in the MOFs. We found that the structural parameters and rotational barrier of the model MOF containing 1,4‐benzendicarboxylate (BDC) linker are in excellent agreement with previous experiments. The B3LYP rotational energy barrier of the model MOF containing 1,4‐naphthalenedicarboxylate (NDC) linker makes a replica of the previous experimental value. The present computation found that the rotational energy barriers differ considerably depending on the linkers and the substituent effects on them, oscillating from the largest barrier 56.5 kJ/mol (for BDC) to the lowest one 15.3 kJ/mol (for 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate (TFBDC)). This study expands the opportunity of innovative reticular material chemistry to design novel flexible MOFs with ultrahigh working capacity and small rotational barrier to include linkers having the common acrylate connectivity. We envisage that this new class of MOFs with small rotational energy barrier will be beneficial in a variety of applications including H2‐storage, gas storage and separation, adsorption, sensors, and many others.
Green Optimization of the First Steps for the Synthesis of a Novel Surfactant: Towards the Elimination of CMR Solvents and the Drastic Reduction of the Used Solvent Volume
Authors: Giry Clément , Bertrand David , Cecutti Christine , Brossard Clarisse , Moreau Ella , Thiébaud‐Roux Sophie , Vaca‐Garcia Carlos , Vedrenne Emeline 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this report, the first steps of the synthesis of a novel surfactant have been described. Each stage has been optimized to abide by the principles of green chemistry. The replacement of CMR (Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic) solvents by 4‐MTHP (4‐methyltetrahydropyran) led to the improvement of the overall yield and to the drastic reduction of the total organic solvent volume used in the process.