bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F‐FDG uptake in denervated muscles of patients with peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Choi Ji Soo , Seo Han Gil , Oh Byung‐Mo , Choi Hongyoon , Cheon Gi Jeong , Lee Shi‐Uk , Lee Seung Hak 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the clinical significance of increased uptake in 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with peripheral nerve lesions.MethodsWe selected patients with unilateral peripheral nerve lesions confirmed with electromyography who had undergone 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography covering the lesions. In the denervated muscles and their contralateral corresponding pairs, a mean (SUVmean) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were obtained from 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography images. We analyzed the difference in these values between the denervated and normal muscles. The lesion‐to‐normal ratio of the SUVmean (LNRmean) between each muscle pair was also obtained. Subgroup analysis was performed to find whether these three parameters were related to severity, abundance of abnormal spontaneous activity, and etiology.ResultsTwenty‐three patients with 38 denervated muscles were included. Compared to their normal counterparts, the denervated muscles showed significantly higher SUVmax (1.33 ± 0.49 vs. 1.10 ± 0.37, n = 38, P < 0.001) and SUVmean (0.91 ± 0.31 vs. 0.77 ± 0.28, n = 38, P < 0.001). The muscles with severe neuropathy showed significantly higher LNRmean than those with mild neuropathy (1.30 ± 0.36, n = 19 vs. 1.11 ± 0.24, n = 19; P = 0.046), and the muscles with traumatic neuropathy showed significantly higher LNRmean than those with nontraumatic neuropathy (1.32 ± 0.28, n = 13 vs. 1.14 ± 0.33, n = 23; P = 0.015).InterpretationDenervated muscles with peripheral nerve injury showed higher uptake than normal muscles in 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and this was associated with severity and etiology.
NIR‐Laser‐Controlled Hydrogen‐Releasing PdH Nanohydride for Synergistic Hydrogen‐Photothermal Antibacterial and Wound‐Healing Therapies
Authors: Yu Siming , Li Guowei , Zhao Penghe , Cheng Qikun , He Qianjun , Ma Dong , Xue Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor decades, hydrogen (H2) gas has been recognized as an excellent antioxidant molecule that holds promise in treating many diseases like Alzheimer's, stroke, cancer, and so on. For the first time, active hydrogen is demonstrated to be highly efficient in antibacterial, antibiofilm, and wound‐healing applications, in particular when used in combination with the photothermal effect. As a proof of concept, a biocompatible hydrogen‐releasing PdH nanohydride, displaying on‐demand controlled active hydrogen release property under near‐infrared laser irradiation, is fabricated by incorporating H2 into Pd nanocubes. The obtained PdH nanohydride combines both merits of bioactive hydrogen and photothermal effect of Pd, exhibiting excellent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities due to its synergistic hydrogen‐photothermal therapeutic effect. Interestingly, combinational hydrogen‐photothermal treatment is also proved to be an excellent therapeutic methodology in healing rats' wound with serious bacterial infection. Moreover, an in‐depth antibacterial mechanism study reveals that two potential pathways are involved in the synergistic hydrogen‐photothermal antibacterial effect. One is to upregulate bacterial metabolism relevant genes like dmpI, narJ, and nark, which subsequently encode more expression of oxidative metabolic enzymes to generate substantial reactive oxygen species to induce DNA damage and another is to cause severe bacterial membrane damage to release intracellular compounds like DNA.
Simple and Efficient Targeted Intracellular Protein Delivery with Self‐Assembled Nanovehicles for Effective Cancer Therapy
Authors: He Xiao , Long Qipeng , Zeng Zhiying , Yang Lan , Tang Yaqin , Feng Xuli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProtein therapy offers promising prospects for the treatment of various important diseases, thus it is highly desirable to develop a robust carrier that can deliver active proteins into cells. The development of a novel protein delivery platform based on the self‐assembly of multiarmed amphiphilic cyclodextrins (CDEH) is reported. CDEH can self‐assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous solution and achieve superior encapsulation of protein (loading capacity > 30% w/w) simply by mixing with protein solution without introducing any subsequent cumbersome steps that may inactivate proteins. More importantly, CDEH nanovehicles can be easily further modified with various targeting groups based on host–guest complexation. Using saporin as a therapeutic protein, AS1411‐aptamer‐modified CDEH nanovehicles can preferentially accumulate in tumors and efficiently inhibit tumor growth in a MDA‐MB‐231 xenograft mouse model. Moreover, folate‐targeted CDEH nanovehicles can also deliver Cas9 protein and Plk1‐targeting sgRNA into Hela cells, leading to 47.1% gene deletion and 64.1% Plk1 protein reduction in HeLa tumor tissue, thereby effectively suppressing the tumor progression. All these results indicate the potential of targeted CDEH nanovehicles in intracellular protein delivery for improving protein therapeutics.
A 3D Lithiophilic Mo2N‐Modified Carbon Nanofiber Architecture for Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Anodes in a Full Cell
Authors: Luo Liu , Li Jianyu , Yaghoobnejad Asl Hooman , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe pursuit for high‐energy‐density batteries has inspired the resurgence of metallic lithium (Li) as a promising anode, yet its practical viability is restricted by the uncontrollable Li dendrite growth and huge volume changes during repeated cycling. Herein, a new 3D framework configured with Mo2N‐mofidied carbon nanofiber (CNF) architecture is established as a Li host via a facile fabrication method. The lithiophilic Mo2N acts as a homogeneously pre‐planted seed with ultralow Li nucleation overpotential, thus spatially guiding a uniform Li nucleation and deposition in the matrix. The conductive CNF skeleton effectively homogenizes the current distribution and Li‐ion flux, further suppressing Li‐dendrite formation. As a result, the 3D hybrid Mo2N@CNF structure facilitates a dendrite‐free morphology with greatly alleviated volume expansion, delivering a significantly improved Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.2% over 150 cycles at 4 mA cm−2. Symmetric cells with Mo2N@CNF substrates stably operate over 1500 h at 6 mA cm−2 for 6 mA h cm−2. Furthermore, full cells paired with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) cathodes in conventional carbonate electrolytes achieve a remarkable capacity retention of 90% over 150 cycles. This work sheds new light on the facile design of 3D lithiophilic hosts for dendrite‐free lithium‐metal anodes.
Unveiling the Activity Origin of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution over Isolated Ni Atoms Supported on a N‐Doped Carbon Matrix
Authors: Zhang Huabin , Liu Yanyu , Chen Tao , Zhang Jintao , Zhang Jing , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExploring highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and unveiling their activity origin are pivotal for energy conversion technologies. Herein, atomically distributed Ni sites over a N‐doped hollow carbon matrix are reported as a promising electrocatalyst for OER in alkaline conditions. Significantly boosted activity is observed after the decoration of the active Ni sites with well‐controlled coordination geometry. Results of X‐ray absorption spectroscopy investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveal that the effective electronic coupling via the Ni–N coordination can move down the Fermi level and lower the adsorption energy of intermediates, thus resulting in the facilitated OER kinetics.
Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus
Authors: Kim Sungkyu , Cui Jiang , Dravid Vinayak P. , He Kai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) with unique 2D structure enables the intercalation of foreign elements or molecules, which makes BP directly relevant to high‐capacity rechargeable batteries and also opens a promising strategy for tunable electronic transport and superconductivity. However, the underlying intercalation mechanism is not fully understood. Here, a comparative investigation on the electrochemically driven intercalation of lithium and sodium using in situ transmission electron microscopy is presented. Despite the same preferable intercalation channels along [100] (zigzag) direction, distinct anisotropic intercalation behaviors are observed, i.e., Li ions activate lateral intercalation along [010] (armchair) direction to form an overall uniform propagation, whereas Na diffusion is limited in the zigzag channels to cause the columnar intercalation. First‐principles calculations indicate that the diffusion of both Li and Na ions along the zigzag direction is energetically favorable, while Li/Na diffusion long the armchair direction encounters an increased energy barrier, but that of Na is significantly larger and insurmountable, which accounts for the orientation‐dependent intercalation channels. The evolution of chemical states during phase transformations (from LixP/NaxP to Li3P/Na3P) is identified by analytical electron diffraction and energy‐loss spectroscopy. The findings elucidate atomistic Li/Na intercalation mechanisms in BP and show potential implications for other similar 2D materials.
Bismuth Nanoparticle@Carbon Composite Anodes for Ultralong Cycle Life and High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiong Peixun , Bai Panxing , Li Ang , Li Benfang , Cheng Mingren , Chen Yiping , Huang Shuping , Jiang Qiang , Bu Xian‐He , Xu Yunhua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBismuth has emerged as a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), owing to its high capacity and suitable operating potential. However, large volume changes during alloying/dealloying processes lead to poor cycling performance. Herein, bismuth nanoparticle@carbon (Bi@C) composite is prepared via a facile annealing method using a commercial coordination compound precursor of bismuth citrate. The composite has a uniform structure with Bi nanoparticles embedded within a carbon framework. The nanosized structure ensures a fast kinetics and efficient alleviation of stress/strain caused by the volume change, and the resilient and conductive carbon matrix provides an interconnected electron transportation pathway. The Bi@C composite delivers outstanding sodium‐storage performance with an ultralong cycle life of 30 000 cycles at a high current density of 8 A g−1 and an excellent rate capability of 71% capacity retention at an ultrahigh current rate of 60 A g−1. Even at a high mass loading of 11.5 mg cm−2, a stable reversible capacity of 280 mA h g−1 can be obtained after 200 cycles. More importantly, full SIBs by pairing with a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode demonstrates superior performance. Combining the facile synthesis and the commercial precursor, the exceptional performance makes the Bi@C composite very promising for practical large‐scale applications.
Mn3O4 Nanomaterials Functionalized with Fe2O3 and ZnO: Fabrication, Characterization, and Ammonia Sensing Properties
Authors: Bigiani Lorenzo , Zappa Dario , Maccato Chiara , Gasparotto Alberto , Sada Cinzia , Comini Elisabetta , Barreca Davide 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe fabrication of metal oxide‐based gas sensors with tailored structural design is of particular importance for the early recognition of poisonous/explosive analytes like ammonia, an irritating chemical occurring in a plethora of practical contexts. In this regard, the present work reports on the fabrication and gas sensing application of p‐Mn3O4/n‐MxOy nanocomposites with MxOy = Fe2O3 or ZnO. The target systems are developed by chemical vapor deposition of Mn3O4 nanosystems on alumina substrates and subsequent functionalization with iron or zinc oxides by sputtering under mild conditions. Material characterization reveals the formation of high purity composites with a controllable dispersion of Fe2O3 or ZnO into Mn3O4, and a close contact between the single constituents. The latter feature, resulting in the formation of p‐n junctions and in a tailored modulation of Mn3O4 hole accumulation layer, is of strategic importance in obtaining promising responses to ammonia already at moderate temperatures. Furthermore, Fe2O3 or ZnO functionalization empowers the pristine Mn3O4 with good selectivity toward NH3 against other potential interferents. These results, along with the very favorable detection limits, provide new physical insights for the implementation of gas‐sensitive devices with p‐n junctions aimed at practical end uses.
Ultrathin LiV2O4 Layers Modified LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Single‐Crystal Cathodes with Enhanced Activity and Stability
Authors: Lu Yao , Zeng Xifeng , Wang Jun , Yang Lishan , Hu Shuai , Jia Chuankun , Zhao Haihong , Yin Dulin , Ge Xingbo , Xi Xiaoming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNickel–cobalt–manganese ternary cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries are prone to detrimental side reactions and deterioration performance at deep charge. Coating is one of the effective methods to boost electrochemical performance of materials. This work conducts an ultrathin LiV2O4 layer on the single‐crystal LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) particles and scrutinizes the optimal coating amount. It turns out that 0.3 wt% LiV2O4‐modified NCM523 cathode achieves a reversible discharging capacity of 131.2 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles (3.0–4.5 V vs Li/Li+), with a capacity retention of 80% (which is 50% higher than that of the pristine sample). The experimental data suggest that this lithium vanadate coating technique provides an innovative strategy to boost the performance of NCM cathodes.
Dynamical Properties of Nanostructured Josephson‐Junction Based on the Schwinger Quantum Action Analysis
Authors: Choi Jeong Ryeol 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUsing the Schwinger action principle, Josephson‐junction dynamics for nanodevices have been investigated with emphasis on characterizing their quantum features. Starting from the time‐ordered Hamiltonian for the phase of the current which flows across the junction, the propagator, the wave functions, and the joint entropy, which are crucial for quantum analyses of the nano systems, are derived. It is shown that while the propagator and the wave functions vary depending on external driving forces, the joint entropy is not affected from such forces. Interestingly, the probability densities oscillate over time on account of the influence of the time‐varying supercurrent in the junction. It is confirmed that if external perturbations on the junction‐current are more complicated, the time behaviors of the probability densities become conspicuously irregular. The properties of the joint entropy are also analyzed in detail. Due to damping of the system, the phase(ϕ) component of the joint entropy decreases linearly over time, whereas the conjugate momentum(q) component exhibits linear increase; however, the corresponding joint entropy consequently does not vary. It is demonstrated that the joint entropy obeys the quantum minimum principle, and that there is a close relationship between the joint entropy and the uncertainty relation.
Perovskite Solar Cells: Can We Go Organic‐Free, Lead‐Free, and Dopant‐Free?
Authors: Miyasaka Tsutomu , Kulkarni Ashish , Kim Gyu Min , Öz Senol , Jena Ajay K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHaving demonstrated incredibly fast progress in power conversion efficiency, rising to a level comparable with that of crystalline silicon cells, lead‐based organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are now facing the stability tests needed for industrialization. Poor thermal stability (<150 °C) owing to organic constituents and interlayer diffusion of materials (dopants), and environmental incompatibility due to Pb has surged the development of organic‐free, Pb‐free perovskites and dopant‐free hole transport materials (HTMs). The recent rapid increase in efficiency of cells based on inorganic perovskites, crossing 18%, demonstrates the great potential of inorganic perovskites as thermally stable and high‐efficiency cells. Although all kinds of Pb‐free perovskites lag in efficiency in comparison to the hybrid and inorganic perovskites, they also demonstrate better structural and environmental stability. The performance of dopant‐free HTMs matching/surpassing dopant‐containing HTMs makes the former a better choice for stability. Even though the efforts to enhance the stability of Pb‐based hybrid perovskites should continue by different techniques, organic‐free and lead‐free perovskites, and dopant‐free HTMs must be pursued with greater interest for the future. This review describes the present issues and possible strategies to address them, and thus will help to improve the overall performance of robust organic‐free, Pb‐free, and dopant‐free perovskite solar cells.
Designing optimally‐graded depth filter media using a novel multiscale method
Authors: Geerling Constantin , Azimian Mehdi , Wiegmann Andreas , Briesen Heiko , Kuhn Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEven though current manufacturing methods allow to build precisely‐defined graded depth filter media, it remains unclear which local filtration properties are desirable. We, therefore, introduce a multiscale approach which links pore and continuum scale (PS and CS) to address this question. Based on data from PS simulations, local filtration performance, as described by the filter coefficient, is predicted on the CS by an optimal control solution and the obtained trajectory is translated back to the PS where it is validated. Two case studies are presented: a bidisperse fibrous medium and a granular depth filter composed of bidisperse particles. Both media are optimized to achieve a homogenous deposition of separated impurities along the filter depth. It is found that the presented method allows to reach this goal reasonably well in both cases. We claim that our method forms a good basis for further developments for which promising possibilities are highlighted.
Sinonasal mucosal vasculature in yellow nail syndrome and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyps
Authors: Chatzopoulos Kyriakos , Gutierrez Claudia N. , Garcia Joaquin J. , Stokken Janalee K. , Choby Garret , O'Brien Erin K. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundLymphatic dysfunction is hypothesized to be an underlying factor in the pathophysiology of yellow nail syndrome (YNS) (yellow nails, lymphedema, pleural effusions, and frequently chronic rhinosinusitis [CRS]). It is unclear why some YNS patients develop CRS. We quantified lymphatic and total vasculature of sinonasal mucosa in YNS patients and compared it to controls from CRS patients with (CRSwNP) or without polyps (CRSsNP).MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed on archival sinonasal mucosal samples from 5 patients with YNS and 14 controls with antibodies against podoplanin and CD31, markers of lymphatics. Morphometric assessment was performed on digital images using ImageJ software.ResultsIn YNS, the number of lymphatics/mm2 ranged from 7 to 18/mm2 (controls: 6 to 43/mm2, p = 0.343), with a mean perimeter between 92 and 201 µm (controls: 42 to 280 µm, p = 0.482). Total vasculature density was higher than lymphatics, ranging between 189 and 1159 vessels/mm2, average 669 (controls: 139 to 1467/mm2, average 503, p = 0.257) with smaller average perimeter, 40 to 117 µm, mean 64.8 µm (controls: 42 to 92 µm, mean 65.3 µm, p = 0.965). Lymphatics constituted only a small fragment of the total vasculature, ranging from 1.15% to 4.76%, average 2.34% (controls: 0.81% to 10.58%, average 4.88%, p = 0.156). CRSwNP patients had significantly higher lymphatic density (p = 0.011) and ratio of lymphatics to total vasculature (p = 0.045) than patients with YNS or CRSsNP.ConclusionThis is the first histological analysis of sinus mucosa in patients with YNS. Vascular type, density, size, and distribution in the sinonasal mucosa of YNS patients are not statistically significantly different from those of the CRSsNP group. Lymphatic density and ratio to total vasculature is higher in CRSwNP patients.
Duration of American Football Play and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Mez Jesse , Daneshvar Daniel H. , Abdolmohammadi Bobak , Chua Alicia S. , Alosco Michael L. , Kiernan Patrick T. , Evers Laney , Marshall Laura , Martin Brett M. , Palmisano Joseph N. , Nowinski Christopher J. , Mahar Ian , Cherry Jonathan D. , Alvarez Victor E. , Dwyer Brigid , Huber Bertrand R. , Stein Thor D. , Goldstein Lee E. , Katz Douglas I. , Cantu Robert C. , Au Rhoda , Kowall Neil W. , Stern Robert A. , McClean Michael D. , Weuve Jennifer , Tripodis Yorghos , McKee Ann C. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveChronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with exposure to contact and collision sports, including American football. We hypothesized a dose–response relationship between duration of football played and CTE risk and severity.MethodsIn a convenience sample of 266 deceased American football players from the Veterans Affairs–Boston University–Concussion Legacy Foundation and Framingham Heart Study Brain Banks, we estimated the association of years of football played with CTE pathological status and severity. We evaluated the ability of years played to classify CTE status using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Simulation analyses quantified conditions that might lead to selection bias.ResultsIn total, 223 of 266 participants met neuropathological diagnostic criteria for CTE. More years of football played were associated with having CTE (odds ratio [OR] = 1.30 per year played, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19–1.41; p = 3.8 × 10−9) and with CTE severity (severe vs mild; OR = 1.14 per year played, 95% CI = 1.07–1.22; p = 3.1 × 10−4). Participants with CTE were 1/10th as likely to have played <4.5 years (negative likelihood ratio [LR] = 0.102, 95% CI = 0.100–0.105) and were 10 times as likely to have played >14.5 years (positive LR = 10.2, 95% CI = 9.8–10.7) compared with participants without CTE. Sensitivity and specificity were maximized at 11 years played. Simulation demonstrated that years played remained adversely associated with CTE status when years played and CTE status were both related to brain bank selection across widely ranging scenarios.InterpretationThe odds of CTE double every 2.6 years of football played. After accounting for brain bank selection, the magnitude of the relationship between years played and CTE status remained consistent. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:116–131
Fluorierte Reagenzien in der Strukturproteomik
Authors: Cheng Ming , Guo Chunyang , Gross Michael L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDas Gebiet der Strukturproteomik befasst sich mit der umfassenden Kartierung von Proteinstrukturen, mit dem Ziel, die Beziehung zwischen Proteinsequenz, ‐struktur und ‐funktion zu verstehen. Die Kombination aus chemischer Markierung und Massenspektrometrie‐Analytik hat sich zu einem beliebten Ansatz für biologische Fragestellungen in der Strukturproteomik entwickelt. Hierbei sind biokompatible Reagenzien, die Proteine modifizieren, ohne deren höhere Ordnung zu beeinflussen, der Schlüssel zum Erfolg. Fluor ist bestens dafür bekannt, die physikochemischen Eigenschaften von Reagenzien zu verändern, und spielt daher in der Strukturproteomik eine immer bedeutendere Rolle. In diesem Kurzaufsatz beschreiben wir die Verwendung fluorierter Reagenzien im Bereich der Strukturproteomik. Dabei beziehen wir uns auf MS‐basierte Techniken: a) Affinitätsmarkierung b) Aktivitäts‐basiertes Protein‐Profiling (ABPP), c) Protein‐Footprinting sowie d) Protein‐Crosslinking. Unser Ziel ist es, den Stand der Forschung sowie die Entwicklungen und Anwendungen von fluorierten Reagenzien in der Proteinstrukturanalytik zusammenzufassen.