bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastruktureller und klinischer Vergleich des Ergebnisses bei PDR-Patienten, behandelt mit Ranibizumab oder Aflibercept – von Grundlagenforschungen zu den klinischen Therapien
Authors: Vidinova Christina Nicolaeva , Gouguchkova Pravoslava Tz , Dimitrov Tzvetomir , Vidinov Kalin Nicolaev , Nocheva Hristina 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die proliferative diabetische Retinopathie (PDR) ist eine der häufigsten Erblindungsursachen weltweit, in deren Verlauf sich sehr oft eine Glaskörperblutung als Komplikation entwickelt. Ziel unserer Untersuchung ist es, die ultrastrukturellen und klinischen Unterschiede bei entweder mit Ranibizumab oder mit Aflibercept behandelten PDR-Patienten zu vergleichen.
Methoden In diese prospektive Untersuchung wurden 27 PDR-Patienten eingeschlossen. Bei 14 Patienten wurde Ranibizumab verwendet und mit Aflibercept wurden 13 Patienten behandelt. Bei 12 PDR-Patienten (6 von jeder Gruppe) wurde eine Vitrektomie durchgeführt und die entnommenen Membranen wurden ultrastrukturell im Transmissions- und Rasterelektronenmikroskop weiter analysiert.
Ergebnisse In beiden Gruppen war die Größe von neu gebildeten Blutgefäßen nach Applikation von Anti-VEGF-Medikamenten deutlich vermindert. Bei mit Eylea behandelten Patienten war das deutlicher bis zu 7 mm2 Größe. Die Sehschärfe war 2 Zeilen verbessert und diese Ergebnisse wurden für 12 Wochen gehalten. Im Unterschied zu Lucentis hat Eylea sehr starken Einfluss bei schweren Formen von PDR. Das proliferative Gewebe bei PDR-Patienten bestand meistens aus verschiedenen Typen von neu gebildeten Blutgefäßen, die sich durch eine Schicht fenestrierter Endothelzellen auszeichneten. Diese Fenestrierung ist nach der Anwendung von Lucentis oder Eylea deutlich reduziert. Die Fenestrierung der Endothelzellen in den mit Eylea behandelten Patienten war signifikant vermindert. Elektronenmikroskopisch wurden durch thrombotisches Material verschlossene Gefäße gefunden.
Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass beide Medikamente Lucentis und Eylea eine gute Wirkung auf PDR-Patienten haben. Sie verursachen eine Verminderung der endothelialen Fenestrierung und eine starke thrombotische Mikroangiopathie, die eine positive Auswirkung auf die Makulaödeme und Neovaskularisationen sowie die ganze Pathophysiologie von diabetischer Retinopathie haben.
Kehlkopf-Karzinom: Wundbettbiopsien nach TLM-Behandlung
sinnvoll
Authors: Jecker Peter 
Published: February 2019

Hendriksma M et al. Evaluation of surgical margin status in patients with early
glottic cancer (Tis-T2) treated with transoral CO2 laser microsurgery, on local
control. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275: 2333–2340
Bei Patienten mit primärem Kehlkopf-Plattenepithelkarzinom (Tis-T2)
beurteilten niederländische Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgen den Effekt des
Resektionsrand-Status auf die lokale Kontrollrate nach Behandlung mit
transoraler CO2-Laser-Mikrochirurgie (TLM). Darüber hinaus
überprüften die Bedeutung zusätzlicher Wundbettbiopsien.
Homeopathy in Public Health in India
Authors: Kaur Harleen , Chalia Deepti , Manchanda Raj 
Published: February 2019

Background Based on a pluralistic approach to health care, India offers a range of medical treatment modalities to its population. In that context, the government of India aims at providing its people with wider access to homeopathy. This article provides insight into the infrastructural support put in place by the government to meet that aim.
Data and Methods A literature review was carried out of recent surveys and articles to assess the morbidity trends in India and the treatment modalities being sought by patients. Extensive attempts were made to identify and access all data sources that could contribute to understanding the situation of homeopathy in public health in India. These efforts included analysis of secondary data about government wellness centres, as also a case study of one such centre.
Results In India, homeopathy is well represented in public health, being a close second among the AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy) services. Homeopathy wellness centres comprise 31% of the total for AYUSH. Seven out of 10 diseases recognised as a national health burden are in the category of most commonly reported diseases at the homeopathy wellness centres. Academic homeopathy institutes comprise 35.8% of AYUSH colleges, the total student intakes of which are 13,658 and 32,256 respectively. Homeopathy practitioners are 37% of the AYUSH total. Homeopathy units comprise 1/19th of the number of allopathy units, yet the annual patient footfall in the former is 1/5th of the latter.
Conclusion Homeopathy services, wherever available, are being used fully and thus sharing the patient load in the government-run wellness centres. There is the potential for more homeopathic practitioners to contribute importantly to health care delivery in India.
The Effect of Implant Design on Sagittal Plane Stability: A Randomized Trial of Medial- versus Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Edelstein Adam I. , Bhatt Surabhi , Wright-Chisem Josh , Sullivan Ryan , Beal Matt , Manning David W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUp to 20% of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients report dissatisfaction with their outcome, especially with weight-bearing in flexion (WBiF) activities. Sagittal plane instability may contribute to dissatisfaction following TKA. We assessed the impact of implant design on TKA sagittal plane stability and clinical satisfaction. We randomized patients to receive one of two TKA implant designs: medial-stabilized (MS) or posterior-stabilized (PS). Sagittal stability was assessed using a KT-1000 arthrometer. Patient-reported outcome measures, including a custom bank of questions targeting patient satisfaction (0–100%) with WBiF activities, were administered to patients 2 years following surgery. The final analysis included 50 patients (25 MS, 25 PS). The MS group had greater sagittal plane stability than the PS group at 30-degree flexion (5.6 ± 1.9 vs. 10.2 ± 2.7 mm; p < 0.0001) but not at 90-degree flexion (4.1 ± 2 vs. 5.3 ± 3 mm; p = 0.14). Range of motion was not different (111.3 ± 10.4 vs. 114.7 ± 10.7 degrees; p = 0.31). There were no differences in the PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) score, Oxford Knee Score, Knee Society Score, Forgotten Joint Score, or Veterans Rand. The MS group had no difference in satisfaction for WBiF activities versus non-WBiF activities (80.5 ± 18 vs. 88.3% ± 16.4%; p = 0.13), whereas the PS group had significantly worse satisfaction for WBiF versus non-WBiF activities (71.6 ± 24.6 vs. 87.8% ± 16.6%; p = 0.019). An MS prosthetic design was more stable in the sagittal plane in midflexion compared with a PS design. There was no difference in patient-reported outcomes, although custom survey data suggest improved satisfaction with MS design during WBiF activities.
18.6.12 Acyclic and Cyclic Carbamic Acids and Esters, and Their Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium, and Phosphorus Analogues (Update 2018)
Authors: Podlech J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution on the preparation of acyclic and cyclic carbamates, thiocarbamates, selenocarbamates, tellurocarbamates, and phosphinecarboxylates, as well on their applications in organic synthesis. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2013–2017.
Divide and rule: ten lessons about Russian political influence activities in Europe
Authors: Karlsen Geir Hågen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to improve understanding of how Russia is conducting political influence activities against Europe. It examines current thinking and perceptions on this topic among Western secret services and is based on an analysis of approximately 40 annual reports from 15 secret services in 11 Western countries, covering the period 2014–2018. This activity is by nature covert, and the analysis given in these reports from Western secret services complements other research and shows the broad range of tools and techniques employed for political influence, and much detail on the execution of these activities. According to these secret services, Russia is the foreign state that tries to influence European politics and decision-making most, and more so than China and other states. These influence activities support three main Russian strategic objectives: regime security, predominance in Russia’s near abroad, and world-power status for Russia. The long-term objective of Russian influence activities is to weaken NATO and the EU. In the shorter term, it is to lift the sanctions imposed after the Russian intervention in Ukraine in 2014. Russia also has more specific objectives related to each individual country. Russia is targeting the West through a divide and rule approach, using multiple tools of influence. The population is mainly reached through media and social media, exploiting divisive issues. Minorities, refugees, and extremists are used to further this divide and rule approach. Human intelligence and cyber operations are important covert tools of influence. Russia also uses the energy sector, business, and corruption as venues for influence. It has an extensive network of allies and front organizations, and reconstructs reality and rewrites history to legitimize itself and undermine others. Finally, military force is Russia’s ultimate tool of influence. These influence activities are of large-scale, and the threat should be taken seriously, but the reports studied also indicate that the effects of these activities are limited.
Best practice and sacred site management: the case of Temple Square in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Authors: Olsen D. H. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight best management practice related to the ways in which leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints deal with the people who visit the Church headquarters, locally referred to as the 'Church Campus', in Salt Lake City, Utah. Before discussing tourism at the Church Campus, a brief history of the founding and expansion of the Church Campus is presented to provide context to the rationale behind interpretation methods, hospitality and organization of the Church Campus to visitors. Then, attention is given to the ways in which church leaders organize, manage, market and interpret the Church Campus to both maintain a 'sense of place' and to 'save souls'. Specific best practices related to visitor experience and the management of internal and external tourism management issues are then presented.
Strategic project Manresa 2022: using religious tourism as a keystone for the revitalization of a non-touristic and non-religious city.
Authors: Canal R. , Holgado E. , Puyol S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter relates the use of religious tourism to revitalize Manresa in Spain. It tries to answer the question of how it has been possible, on the basis of a historic religious event, to build and manage a strategic project for the economic, social and cultural revitalization of Manresa, a city with relatively low levels of touristic attractiveness and religious faith. The chapter explores the project in all its facets, justifications, aims and operationalization, in order to understand how problems were addressed from a public management perspective.
Toolkit: managing relationship marketing with sacred and secular consumers.
Authors: Wiltshier P. , Griffiths M. , Clarke A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Through customer relationship management modelling, this chapter explores options for, and barriers to, the creation of a repository of information to support a variety of key stakeholders including the tourism sector and the clergy, who wish to demonstrate, maintain and develop religious and pilgrimage sites. Suggestions are made regarding the toolkit available for site guardians who have to manage the complex and diverse sacred and secular needs of visitors to religious sites.
Mechanisms of beneficial effects of exercise training on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Roles of oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Farzanegi Parvin , Dana Amir , Ebrahimpoor Zeynab , Asadi Mahdieh , Azarbayjani Mohammad Ali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disorder which is associated with accumulation of fats in the liver. It causes a wide variety of pathological effects such as non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis, insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The molecular mechanisms that cause the initiation and progression of NAFLD are not fully understood. Oxidative stress (OS) induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation are likely a significant mechanism which can lead to hepatic cell death and tissue injury. Mitochondrial abnormalities, down‐regulation of several antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH) depletion and decreased activity of GSH‐dependent antioxidants, accumulation of leukocytes and hepatic inflammation are the major sources of ROS overproduction in NAFLD. Excessive production of ROS suppresses the capacity of other antioxidant defence systems in NAFLD and causes further oxidative damage. Regular exercise can be considered as an effective strategy for treatment of NAFLD. It improves NAFLD by reducing intrahepatic fat content, increasing β‐oxidation of fatty acids, inducing hepato‐protective autophagy, overexpressing peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐ γ (PPAR‐γ), as well as attenuating hepatocyte apoptosis and increasing insulin sensitivity. Exercise training also suppresses ROS overproduction and OS in NAFLD via up‐regulation of several antioxidant enzymes and anti‐inflammatory mediators. Therefore, an understanding of these molecules and signalling pathways gives us valuable information about NAFLD progression and a method for developing a suitable clinical treatment. This review aimed to evaluate sources of ROS and OS in NAFLD and the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of exercises on NAFLD.
Associations of Sleep Characteristics With Cognitive Function and Decline Among Older Adults
Authors: McSorley V Eloesa , Bin Yu Sun , Lauderdale Diane S 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSleep laboratory studies find that restricted sleep duration leads to worse short-term cognition, especially memory. Observational studies find associations between self-reported sleep duration or quality and cognitive function. However self-reported sleep characteristics might not be highly accurate, and misreporting could relate to cognition. In the Sleep Study of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a nationally representative cohort of older US adults (2010–2015), we examined whether self-reported and actigraph-measured sleep are associated with cross-sectional cognitive function and 5-year cognitive decline. Cognition was measured with the survey adaptation of the multidimensional Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-SA). At baseline (n = 759), average MoCA-SA score was 14.1 (standard deviation, 3.6) points of a possible 20. In cross-sectional models, actigraphic sleep-disruption measures (wake after sleep onset, fragmentation, percentage sleep, and wake bouts) were associated with worse cognition. Sleep disruption measures were standardized, and estimates of association were similar (range, −0.37 to −0.59 MoCA-SA point per standard deviation of disruption). Actigraphic sleep-disruption measures were also associated with odds of 5-year cognitive decline (4 or more points), with wake after sleep onset having the strongest association (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.98). Longitudinal associations were generally stronger for men than for women. Self-reported sleep showed little association with cognitive function.
A Shoppable Life: Performance, Selfhood, and Influence in the Social Media Storefront
Authors: Hund Emily , McGuigan Lee 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article develops a critical analysis of Instagram’s influencer economy by introducing and unpacking a phenomenon we call shoppable life. The term shoppable life is intended to capture the ideas that: (a) social media users perform lifestyles whose constituent elements can be bought; and (b) sociality increasingly unfolds within platforms that encode marketplace logics and capacities into their designs. Drawing on literatures about consumer culture, celebrity, and digital labor; interviews with 25 participants in Instagram’s influencer economy; and industry texts, we elucidate the power dynamics and contradictions manifested in constructing a shoppable life. We emphasize how social media users navigate the imperative to produce an “authentic” but branded and monetizable self, the personal risk they bear in doing so, and the stakeholders who mediate and profit from these productions. We also highlight conceptual points of entry for critical attention to the logic of shoppability, which increasingly pervades spaces and cultures.
Effects of vertical position on trematode parasitism in larval anurans
Authors: Jones Jacob R , Steenrod Camille L , Marino John A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Spatial distributions of animals can affect interactions with their natural enemies, such as parasites, and thus have important implications for host–parasite dynamics. While spatial variation in infection risk has been explored in many systems at the landscape scale, less attention has been paid to spatial structure at smaller scales. Here, we explore a hypothesized relationship between a common spatial variable, vertical position, and risk of parasite infection in a model aquatic system, larval frogs (Rana) and trematode (Digenea) parasites. Vertical position is relevant to this system given evidence that the densities of snail first intermediate hosts, tadpole second intermediate hosts, and trematode infective stages can vary with depth. To test the effects of depth on infection risk of larval frogs by trematodes, we performed two enclosure experiments, one in the laboratory and one in the field, in which larval frogs in cages just below the water surface or near the bottom of the water column were exposed to parasites. Compared with near-surface cages, mean infection load (number of cysts) in tadpoles in near-bottom cages was 83% higher after 48-h exposures in the laboratory and 730% higher after 10-day exposures in the field. Our findings thus indicate that infection risk depends on depth, which may have adaptive significance, as tadpoles have previously been shown to change vertical position in response to parasite presence. These results motivate future work examining vertical variation in infection risk and may have broader implications for host–parasite dynamics and evolution of host and parasite behavior.
A single sequential snake saphenous vein graft versus separate left and right vein grafts in coronary artery bypass surgery: a population-based cohort study from the SWEDEHEART registry†
Authors: Wallgren Sara , Nielsen Susanne , Pan Emily , Pivodic Aldina , Hansson Emma C , Malm Carl Johan , Jeppsson Anders , Wallinder Andreas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to compare short- and midterm outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using 2 different revascularization strategies.

METHODS
A total of 6895 patients were included who had CABG in Sweden from 2009 to 2015 using the left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending artery and either a single sequential saphenous vein graft connecting the left and right coronary territories to the aorta (snake graft, n = 2122) or separate vein grafts to both territories (n = 4773). Data were obtained from the Swedish Web System for Enhancement of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART) and the Swedish Patient Registry. The groups were compared using adjusted logistic regression for short-term (30-day) and Cox regression and flexible parametric survival models for midterm outcomes. Primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), reangiography and new revascularization. The median follow-up time was 35 months.

RESULTS
At 30 days, the incidences of the composite end point [odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.68; P = 0.03] and reangiography (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07–2.14; P = 0.02) were higher in the snake group. There was also a trend towards higher mortality (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.97–2.22; P = 0.07). The event rates during the complete follow-up period were 6.5 (5.9–7.2) and 5.7 (5.3–6.1) per 100 person-years for the snake group and the separate vein group, respectively. At the midterm follow-up, no significant difference between the groups could be shown for the composite end point [hazard ratio (HR) 1.08, 95% CI 0.95–1.22; P = 0.24], mortality (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.79–1.14; P = 0.56), MI (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.88–1.41; P = 0.39) or new revascularization (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.94–1.50; P = 0.15), whereas reangiography remained more common in the snake group (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.48; P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Snake grafts were associated with a higher rate of early postoperative complications, possibly reflecting a more demanding surgical technique, whereas midterm outcomes were comparable. Based on these data, one strategy cannot be recommended over the other.
QT as a predictor of recurrence after atrial fibrillation ablation and the impact of amiodarone: results from the placebo-controlled AMIO-CAT trial
Authors: Diederichsen Søren Zöga , Darkner Stine , Chen Xu , Johannessen Arne , Pehrson Steen , Hansen Jim , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup 
Published: February 2019

Aims
Prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc) might be associated with arrhythmia recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The effect of short-term amiodarone in this setting remains unknown. This study seeks to quantify short-term amiodarone’s impact on QTc, and to investigate QTc and amiodarone treatment as predictors of recurrence of arrhythmia after ablation.

Methods and results
The Short-term AMIOdarone treatment after CATheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AMIO-CAT) trial randomized patients to 8 weeks of oral amiodarone or placebo following AF ablation. Scheduled and symptom-driven 12-lead electrocardiography and 3-day Holter-monitorings were performed. The endpoint was atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter or atrial tachycardia (AF/AT) lasting >30 s. The cut-off for prolonged QTc was 450 ms for men and 460 ms for women. A total of 212 patients were included, of which 108 were randomized to amiodarone and 104 to placebo. From baseline to 1 month QTc in the amiodarone group increased by 27 (±30) ms, while at 6 months QTc had normalized. After 3-months of blanking, new AF/AT recurrence was detected in 63% of patients with prolonged QTc vs. 41% of patients with normal QTc at baseline, and in multivariate Cox regression, prolonged QTc was associated with AF/AT recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 2.19, P = 0.023]. Among patients with baseline QTc below median, amiodarone treatment decreased the rate of AF/AT recurrences (HR 0.43, P = 0.008).

Conclusions
Amiodarone increased QTc with 27 ms compared to placebo, and this effect decreased rapidly after drug discontinuation. Prolonged QTc at baseline independently predicted AF/AT recurrence, and baseline QTc identified patients who would possibly benefit from short-term amiodarone following ablation.