bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apes, skulls and drums: using images to make ethnographic knowledge in imperial Germany
Authors: PETROU MARISSA H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss the development and use of images employed by the Dresden Royal Museum for Zoology, Anthropology and Ethnography to resolve debates about how to use visual representation as a means of making ethnographic knowledge. Through experimentation with techniques of visual representation, the founding director, A.B. Meyer (1840–1911), proposed a historical, non-essentialist approach to understanding racial and cultural difference. Director Meyer's approach was inspired by the new knowledge he had gained through field research in Asia-Pacific as well as new forms of imaging that made highly detailed representations of objects possible. Through a combination of various techniques, he developed new visual methods that emphasized intimate familiarity with variations within any one ethnic group, from skull shape to material ornamentation, as integral to the new disciplines of physical and cultural anthropology. It is well known that photographs were a favoured form of visual documentation among the anthropological and ethnographic sciences at thefin de siècle. However, in the scholarly journals of the Dresden museum, photographs, drawings, tables and etchings were frequently displayed alongside one another. Meyer sought to train the reader's eye through organized arrangements that represented objects from multiple angles and at various levels of magnification. Focusing on chimpanzees, skulls and kettledrums from Asia-Pacific, I track the development of new modes of making and reading images, from zoology and physical anthropology to ethnography, to demonstrate how the museum visually historicized humankind.
Patient experience of nasal obstruction and its clinical assessment
Authors: Nip L , Tan M , Whitcroft K L , Gupta R , Leung T S , Andrews P 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground:The correlation between objective and subjective nasal obstruction is poor, and dissatisfaction rates after surgery for nasal obstruction are high. Accordingly, novel assessment techniques may be required. This survey aimed to determine patient experience and preferences for the measurement of nasal obstruction.Method:Prospective survey of rhinology patients.Results:Of 72 questionnaires distributed, 60 were completed (response rate of 83 per cent). Obstruction duration (more than one year) (χ2 = 13.5, p = 0.00024), but not obstruction severity, affected willingness to spend more time being assessed. Questionnaires (48 per cent) and nasal inspiratory peak flow measurement (53 per cent) are the most commonly used assessment techniques. Forty-nine per cent of participants found their assessment unhelpful in understanding their obstruction. Eighty-two per cent agreed or strongly agreed that a visual and numerical aid would help them understand their blockage.Conclusion:Many patients are dissatisfied with current assessment techniques; a novel device with visual or numerical results may help. Obstruction duration determines willingness to undergo longer assessment.
The Marketization of Citizenship in an Age of Restrictionism
Authors: Shachar Ayelet 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn today's age of restrictionism, a growing number of countries are closing their gates of admission to most categories of would-be immigrants with one important exception. Governments increasingly seek to lure and attract “high value” migrants, especially those with access to large sums of capital. These individuals are offered golden visa programs that lead to fast-tracked naturalization in exchange for a hefty investment, in some cases without inhabiting or even setting foot in the passport-issuing country to which they now officially belong. In the U.S. context, the contrast between the “Dreamers” and “Parachuters” helps to draw out this distinction between civic ties and credit lines as competing bases for membership acquisition. Drawing attention to these seldom-discussed citizenship-for-sale practices, this essay highlights their global surge and critically evaluates the legal, normative, and distributional quandaries they raise. I further argue that purchased membership goods cannot replicate or substitute the meaningful links to a political community that make citizenship valuable and worth upholding in the first place.
China and the Future International Order(s)
Authors: Tang Shiping 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this essay I survey the key themes within China's discourse on international order, especially how China views its position and role in shaping the existing and future order. I go on to explore the possible implications of China's thinking and actions toward the existing international order. I conclude that overall, China sees no need for and hence does not seek fundamental transformation, but rather piecemeal modification of the existing order. In fact, China has been quite content with the existing order that supports globalization, despite occasional rhetoric indicating otherwise. In the near future, China will likely invest heavily in two key issue areas: (1) regionalism in East Asia and Central Asia; and (2) interregional cooperation and coordination. Perhaps unsurprisingly, China's ambitious “One Belt and One Road” initiative seeks to integrate these two issue areas.
An extended account of contract monitoring strategies as patterns of communication
Authors: SWORDS CAMERON , SABRY AMR , TOBIN-HOCHSTADT SAM 
Published: March 2018

AbstractContract systems have come to play a vital role in many aspects of software engineering. This has resulted in a wide variety of approaches to enforcing contracts—ranging from the straightforward pre-condition and post-condition checking of Eiffel to lazy, optional, and parallel enforcement strategies. Each of these approaches has its merits, but each has required ground-up development of an entire contract monitoring system. We present a unified approach to understanding this variety, while also opening the door to as-yet-undiscovered strategies. By observing that contracts are fundamentally about communication between a program and a monitor, we reframe contract checking as communication between concurrent processes. This brings out the underlying relations between widely studied enforcement strategies, including strict and lazy enforcement as well as concurrent approaches, including new contracts and strategies. We show how each of these can be embedded into a core calculus, and demonstrate a proof (via simulation) of correctness for one such encoding. Finally, we show that our approach suggests new monitoring approaches and contracts not previously expressible.
Explaining State Violence in the Guatemalan Civil War: Rebel Threat and Counterinsurgency
Authors: Kubota Yuichi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Literature on the Guatemalan Civil War has debated whether or not state violence was triggered by rebel activities. Did the government respond to each insurrection caused by the rebels, or did it blindly target regions where antigovernment antipathy and movements had historically prevailed? Because state violence was extensive during the civil war period, the dynamism of the war could have been the reason for its occurrence. Relying on the threat-response model of state violence, this article argues that human rights violations occurred when the government perceived a rebel threat that would have seriously degraded its capability in future counterinsurgencies. The article employs propensity score matching to address the problem of confounding in empirical analysis, and reveals that rebel attacks, particularly those targeting security apparatus and resulting in human injury, increased the likelihood of state violence in the Guatemalan Civil War.
Remarks of Gaia DR1 magnitude using ground-based optical monitoring of QSOs
Authors: Damljanović Goran , Taris François , Andrei Alexandre 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSince September 2016, the first release (DR1) of the Gaia catalogue was appeared. The optical Gaia positions of sources will be linked to the ICRF (VLBI radio positions of mostly quasars, QSOs). For high accurate link we need to investigate variations of optical flux of QSOs via their magnitude variations using data of ground-based telescopes. To do that, from 2013 we observed 47 QSOs and other sources; nine optical telescopes were used for that monitoring. To increase the total number of objects for the link, after a first set of 70 objects (Bourda et al. 2008), Bourda et al. (2011) established a second set of 47 objects. It is necessary to investigate the photometry and morphology of these objects. We collected ground-based data of QSOs (B, V and R mag) and compared with G mag of Gaia DR1; some results are presented here.
GIER: A Danish computer from 1961 with a role in the modern revolution of astronomy - II
Authors: Høg Erik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA Danish computer, GIER, from 1961 played a vital role in the development of a new method for astrometric measurement. This method, photon counting astrometry, ultimately led to two satellites with a significant role in the modern revolution of astronomy. A GIER was installed at the Hamburg Observatory in 1964 where it was used to implement the entirely new method for the measurement of stellar positions by means of a meridian circle, at that time the fundamental instrument of astrometry. An expedition to Perth in Western Australia with the instrument and the computer was a success. This method was also implemented in space in the first ever astrometric satellite Hipparcos launched by ESA in 1989. The Hipparcos results published in 1997 revolutionized astrometry with an impact in all branches of astronomy from the solar system and stellar structure to cosmic distances and the dynamics of the Milky Way. In turn, the results paved the way for a successor, the one million times more powerful Gaia astrometry satellite launched by ESA in 2013. Preparations for a Gaia successor in twenty years are making progress.
GaiaNIR – A future all-sky astrometry mission
Authors: Hobbs David , Høg Erik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWith the launch of Gaia in December 2013, Europe entered a new era of space astrometry following in the footsteps of the very successful Hipparcos mission. A weakness of Gaia is that it only operates at optical wavelengths. However, much of the Galactic centre and the spiral arm regions are obscured by interstellar extinction. An obvious improvement on Gaia is to include the Near-Infra-Red (NIR) which requires the use of new types of detectors. Additionally, to scan the entire sky and measure global absolute parallaxes the spacecraft must have a constant rotation resulting in a moving image that must be compensated for by, for example, operating the detectors in Time Delayed Integration (TDI) mode. If these technical issues can be solved a new Gaia-like mission separated by a 20 year interval would give; 1) NIR all-sky astrometry and photometry to penetrate the obscured regions and to observe intrinsically red objects with almost diffraction limited resolution; 2) improved proper motions with fourteen times smaller errors than from Gaia alone opening up new science cases, such as long period exoplanets and accurate halo measurements; 3) allow the slowly degrading accuracy of the Gaia reference frame, which will be the basis for future astronomical measurements, to be reset.
OB stars towards NGC 6357 and NGC 6334
Authors: Russeil Delphine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe star forming regions NGC6334 and NGC6357 are amid the most active star-forming complexes of our Galaxy where massive star formation is occuring. Both complexes gather several HII regions but they exhibit different aspects: NGC6334 is characterised by a dense molecular ridge where recent massive star formation is obvious while NGC6357 is dominated by the action of the stellar cluster Pismis 24 which have shaped a large cavity. To understand and compare the formation of massive stars in these two regions requires to precise the distance and characterise the proper motions of the O to B3 stellar population in these regions.
A new method for orbit determination on the Gaia SB1s
Authors: Xiaoli Wang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAn iterative method to determine the self-consistent orbital solutions of single-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB1s) along with compatible physical properties of component stars via a simultaneous fit including both the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data (HIAD) and radial velocity data is introduced in this work. For the method, a stellar evolutionary model is used to distribute the total mass and luminosity to the primary and the secondary and update the ratio of the semimajor axes of the photocenter to the primary orbits. Once the Gaia Intermediate Astrometric Data (GIAD) are released, the method can be applied to study the Gaia SB1s and give self-consistent orbital solutions and compatible physical properties of component stars.
Astrometry with A-Track Using Gaia DR1 Catalogue
Authors: Kılıç Yücel , Erece Orhan , Kaplan Murat 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this work, we built all sky index files from Gaia DR1 catalogue for the high-precision astrometric field solution and the precise WCS coordinates of the moving objects. For this, we used build-astrometry-index program as a part of astrometry.net code suit. Additionally, we added astrometry.net's WCS solution tool to our previously developed software which is a fast and robust pipeline for detecting moving objects such as asteroids and comets in sequential FITS images, called A-Track. Moreover, MPC module was added to A-Track. This module is linked to an asteroid database to name the found objects and prepare the MPC file to report the results. After these innovations, we tested a new version of the A-Track code on photometrical data taken by the SI-1100 CCD with 1-meter telescope at TÜBİTAK National Observatory, Antalya. The pipeline can be used to analyse large data archives or daily sequential data. The code is hosted on GitHub under the GNU GPL v3 license.
Mathematical Assessment of Physical and Chemical Processes from the Middle B to the Early F Type Main Sequence Stars
Authors: Yüce Kutluay , Adelman Saul J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe middle B to the early F Main Sequence stars have some of the most quiet stellar atmospheres. In this part of the HR diagram we find stars with atmospheres in radiative equilibrium. They lack the convective circulations of the middle F and cooler stars and the massive stellar winds of hotter stars. When stars of different mass evolve off the Main Sequence in this part of the HR Diagram their evolutionary paths do not cross initially. Thus stars with the same effective temperature and surface gravity have the same luminosity and mass. By comparing their elemental abundances, we might be able to identify physical processes which cause any differences in their abundances. Here we begin with stars whose effective temperatures and surface gravities are similar, and which have been analyzed by us using spectra obtained from the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO). Improvements in our knowledge of the energy distributions of stars (for example via GAIA measurements) should lead to improved estimates of stellar effective temperatures and surface gravities.
Mapping young stellar populations towards Orion with Gaia DR1
Authors: Zari Eleonora , Brown Anthony G. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOB associations are prime sites for the study of star formation processes and of the interaction between young massive stars with the interstellar medium. Furthermore, the kinematics and structure of the nearest OB associations provide detailed insight into the properties and origin of the Gould Belt. In this context, the Orion complex has been extensively studied. However, the spatial distribution of the stellar population is still uncertain: in particular, the distances and ages of the various sub-groups composing the Orion OB association, and their connection to the surrounding interstellar medium, are not well determined. We used the first Gaia data release to characterize the stellar population in Orion, with the goal to obtain new distance and age estimates of the numerous stellar groups composing the Orion OB association. We found evidence of the existence of a young and rich population spread over the entire region, loosely clustered around some known groups. This newly discovered population of young stars provides a fresh view of the star formation history of the Orion region.
Preliminary Results of Low Dispersion Asteroid Spectroscopy Survey at NAO Rozhen
Authors: Bebekovska Elena Vchkova , Borisov Galin , Donchev Zahary , Apostolovska Gordana 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe are presenting the first results of low dispersion spectroscopic observation of asteroids at Bulgarian National Astronomical Observatory Rozhen. Asteroids with unclassified spectra and brighter than 15 magnitude have been chosen. Besides just presenting the asteroid reflectance, classification according to Bus S. J. et al. (2012) has been done. The asteroid spectra of 590 Tomyris, 703 Noemi, 1596 Itzigsohn and 1826 Miller are presented together with standard spectra corresponding to the three best matches given by the public software tool M4AST (Popescu M. et al. (2012)). Our aim is to participate in the coordinated program of asteroids spectroscopy complementary to the observations of Gaia.
Hypervelocity star candidates in Gaia DR1/TGAS
Authors: Marchetti T. , Rossi E. M. , Kordopatis G. , Brown A. G. A. , Rimoldi A. , Starkenburg E. , Youakim K. , Ashley R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHypervelocity stars (HVSs) are characterized by a total velocity in excess of the Galactic escape speed, and with trajectories consistent with coming from the Galactic Centre. We apply a novel data mining routine, an artificial neural network, to discover HVSs in the TGAS subset of the first data release of the Gaia satellite, using only the astrometry of the stars. We find 80 stars with a predicted probability >90% of being HVSs, and we retrieved radial velocities for 47 of those. We discover 14 objects with a total velocity in the Galactic rest frame >400 km s−1, and 5 of these have a probability >50% of being unbound from the Milky Way. Tracing back orbits in different Galactic potentials, we discover 1 HVS candidate, 5 bound HVS candidates, and 5 runaway star candidates with remarkably high velocities, between 400 and 780 km s−1. We wait for future Gaia releases to confirm the goodness of our sample and to increase the number of HVS candidates.
Can we detect Galactic spiral arms? 3D dust distribution in the Milky Way
Authors: Rezaei Kh. Sara , Bailer-Jones Coryn A. L. , Fouesneau Morgan , Hanson Richard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present a model to map the 3D distribution of dust in the Milky Way. Although dust is just a tiny fraction of what comprises the Galaxy, it plays an important role in various processes. In recent years various maps of dust extinction have been produced, but we still lack a good knowledge of the dust distribution. Our presented approach leverages line-of-sight extinctions towards stars in the Galaxy at measured distances. Since extinction is proportional to the integral of the dust density towards a given star, it is possible to reconstruct the 3D distribution of dust by combining many lines-of-sight in a model accounting for the spatial correlation of the dust. Such a technique can be used to infer the most probable 3D distribution of dust in the Galaxy even in regions which have not been observed. This contribution provides one of the first maps which does not show the “fingers of God” effect. Furthermore, we show that expected high precision measurements of distances and extinctions offer the possibility of mapping the spiral arms in the Galaxy.
Astrometry for New Reductions: The ANR method
Authors: Robert Vincent , Le Poncin-Lafitte Christophe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAccurate positional measurements of planets and satellites are used to improve our knowledge of their orbits and dynamics, and to infer the accuracy of the planet and satellite ephemerides. With the arrival of the Gaia-DR1 reference star catalog and its complete release afterward, the methods for ground-based astrometry become outdated in terms of their formal accuracy compared to the catalog's which is used. Systematic and zonal errors of the reference stars are eliminated, and the astrometric process now dominates in the error budget.We present a set of algorithms for computing the apparent directions of planets, satellites and stars on any date to micro-arcsecond precision. The expressions are consistent with the ICRS reference system, and define the transformation between theoretical reference data, and ground-based astrometric observables.
Using ground based data as a precursor for Gaia in getting proper motions of satellites
Authors: Fritz Tobias K. , Linden Sean T. , Zivick Paul , Kallivayalil Nitya , Bovy Jo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present our effort to measure the proper motions of satellites in the halo of the Milky Way with mainly ground based telescopes as a precursor on what is possible with Gaia. For our first study, we used wide field optical data from the LBT combined with a first epoch of SDSS observations, on the globular cluster Palomar 5 (Pal 5). Since Pal 5 is associated with a tidal stream it is very useful to constrain the shape of the potential of the Milky Way. The motion and other properties of the Pal 5 system constrain the inner halo of the Milky Way to be rather spherical. Further, we combined adaptive optics and HST to get an absolute proper motion of the globular cluster Pyxis. Using the proper motion and the line-of-sight velocity we find that the orbit of Pyxis is rather eccentric with its apocenter at more than 100 kpc and its pericenter at about 30 kpc. The dynamics excludes an association with the ATLAS stream, the Magellanic clouds, and all satellites of the Milky Way at least down to the mass of Leo II. However, the properties of Pyxis, like metallicity and age, point to an origin from a dwarf of at least the mass of Leo II. We therefore propose that Pyxis originated from an unknown relatively massive dwarf galaxy, which is likely today fully disrupted. Assuming that Pyxis is bound to the Milky Way we derive a 68% lower limit on the mass of the Milky Way of 9.5 × 1011 M⊙.
Galactic Surveys in the Gaia Era
Authors: Wyse Rosemary F. G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe final astrometric data from the Gaia mission will transform our view of the stellar content of the Galaxy, particularly when complemented with spectroscopic surveys providing stellar parameters, line-of-sight kinematics and elemental abundances. Analyses with Gaia DR1 are already demonstrating the insight gained and the promise of what is to come with future Gaia releases. I present a brief overview of results and puzzles from recent Galactic Archaeology surveys for context, focusing on the Galactic discs.
Gaia: from proposal to GDR1
Authors: Gilmore Gerard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this concluding article I recall the early history of the Gaia mission, showing that the original science case and expectations of wide community interest in Gaia data have been met. The quarter-century long partnership involving some 1,000 scientists, engineers and managers in industry and academia is delivering a large, high-quality and unique data set which will underpin astrophysics across many sub-fields for years to come.