bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil microbial strategies for climate mitigation—report from a climate action workshop in Las Vegas, Nevada, February 2024
Authors: Beattie Gwyn A , Cotrufo Francesca M , Crowther Thomas W , Edlund Anna , Salles Joana Falcão , Gilbert Jack A , Jansson Janet K , Jensen Paul R , Lennon Jay T , Makhalanyane Thulani , Martiny Jennifer B H , Newman Dianne K , Stevenson Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Life on Earth faces an existential crisis due to the enduring repercussions of unsustainable human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Among the most pressing issues are greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from fossil fuel combustion, unsustainable agricultural practices, as well as the global erosion of the world’s topsoil. While agrochemicals have temporarily increased land productivity, their frequent use has adversely impacted the environment and microbial biodiversity. With half of the global soils already degraded by erosion and a projected 90% at risk by 2050, humanity faces a critical crisis that threatens food production, soil carbon storage, and availability of clean water. In this precarious scenario, microbes and plants may provide promising allies for sustaining life on Earth. Thus, it is crucial for policymakers, scientists, NGOs, and the public to recognize the fundamental importance of the soil microbiome. In February 2024, the workshop “Soil Microbial Strategies for Climate Mitigation” gathered world-leading experts from the most relevant research fields, as well as industry innovators, communicators, artists, and policymakers, to propose soil microbiome-based interventions aimed at enhancing carbon dioxide (CO2) drawdown and mitigating soil erosion. The workshop focused on innovative soil microbial inoculant approaches, examining methodologies for measuring soil carbon, enhancing plant health and soil structure, proposing an action plan, and forming collaborative strategies.
Modernisation of will-making formalities requires a fulsome embrace of technology
Authors: Johnson Mark 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reform to enable electronic wills in England and Wales is on the horizon as the Law Commission reviews responses to its supplementary consultation with a view to reporting in early 2025. This article considers will-making in England and Wales and the potential impact of Wills Act 1837 formalities as a drag on the propensity for will-making. The article advocates a whole adoption of technology to enable electronic wills, supported by an electronic wills registry, to increase the accessibility and propensity of will-making. Methods for electronic signatures, asynchronous witnessing, and electronic storage are evaluated together with a comparison to nascent electronic will regimes in the US and Australia.
Description of tissue profiles, thalamic location, and recommended penetrating captive bolt placement in cadaver heads from domesticated 24- to 48-mo-old male yaks (Bos grunnians)
Authors: Hamilton Emma M , Vogel Kurt D , Kirk Ashlynn A , Rossi Michael , Anderson Karly N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Yaks are a domesticated species utilized for meat, fiber, and transportation in many countries. In the United States, yak meat is growing in popularity due to its classification as a “healthy” meat. Penetrating captive bolt (PCB) is an approved method of preslaughter stunning and euthanasia for cattle. At the time of our study, peer-reviewed literature or industry guidelines for PCB stunning or euthanasia did not appear to exist for yaks. This study aimed to identify and describe an ideal placement based on the location of the thalamus, part of the brain that is important for sensibility, and to describe the tissue depths at this placement. To do this, 10 hide-on cadaver heads from yaks were sourced from a population of 30 yaks aged 24 to 48 mo, which had a mean hot carcass weight of 180.1 ± 52.0 kg (±SD). Source animals were stunned in a frontal location with a handheld PCB during normal slaughter procedures at the collaborating slaughter establishment. Cadaver heads were stored in a walk-in freezer for 96 d before head processing. Head weight, total head length, horn tip spread, and horn base circumference were measured. Heads were split down the midline using a band saw. Heads were imaged and tissue thicknesses of the exposed surface of each head were measured. Thalamic depth and measurements to describe the location of the thalamus relative to external head anatomy were recorded from these images. Results are reported as mean ± SD. On average, the total length of the head from the poll to the nose was 37.74 ± 2.83 cm. The center of the thalamus was located 11.86 ± 1.32 cm below the poll: 23.88 ± 1.56% down the frontal plane of the head. The exposed diameter of the thalamus on the frontal plane of the head was 3.43 ± 0.31%. Thus, an ideal PCB placement for yaks is located approximately 25% of the way down the frontal plane of the face of the animal. Tissue depth measurements are reported as mean ± SD followed by a 97.5% one-sided upper reference limit (URL). Soft tissue thickness was 16.03 ± 3.26 mm (URL: 23.77 mm), cranial thickness was 30.69 ± 4.34 mm (URL: 40.97 mm), and total tissue thickness was 46.71 ± 7.15 mm (URL: 63.68 mm). Thalamic depth was 92.22 ± 11.60 mm (URL: 119.74 mm). These results show that an ideal PCB placement for yaks is located at 23.88 ± 1.56% of the distance from the poll to the nose down the frontal plane of the head and a penetration depth of 92.22 ± 11.60 mm is required to reach the thalamus.
A New Mobility Field and Gradient-Based Traffic Signal Control Approach Applicable to Large-Scale Road Networks
Authors: Yang Hu , Guo Bao , Yan Changxin , Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Pu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Previous traffic control models were usually developed on small or medium size road networks. The traffic control models applicable to large-scale road networks have received growing interest. In this study, we develop a new mobility field and gradient-based traffic signal control approach applicable to large road networks. First, we introduce an emerging analytical technique, the mobility field approach, to generate the mobility field of urban travels and measure the gradients of the mobility field. Next, a gradient-based approach is proposed to identify the signalized intersections for implementing traffic control. Finally, a gradient-based traffic control model is developed to alleviate traffic congestion during mass events. A new solution algorithm, termed as DBSCAN-FW-GA, is proposed to solve the developed traffic control model. The developed mobility field and gradient-based traffic signal control approach is validated using actual road network data and travel demand data. Results indicate that the proposed new traffic control approach can reduce 17.97% more travel time compared with the widely used perimeter control approach.
A meta-analysis highlights the idiosyncratic nature of tradeoffs in laboratory models of virus evolution
Authors: Kabengele Ketty , Turner Wendy C , Turner Paul E , Ogbunugafor C. Brandon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Different theoretical frameworks have been invoked to guide the study of virus evolution. Three of the more prominent ones are (i) the evolution of virulence, (ii) life history theory, and (iii) the generalism–specialism dichotomy. All involve purported tradeoffs between traits that define the evolvability and constraint of virus-associated phenotypes. However, as popular as these frameworks are, there is a surprising paucity of direct laboratory tests of the frameworks that support their utility as broadly applicable theoretical pillars that can guide our understanding of disease evolution. In this study, we conduct a meta-analysis of direct experimental evidence for these three frameworks across several widely studied virus–host systems: plant viruses, fungal viruses, animal viruses, and bacteriophages. We extracted 60 datasets from 28 studies and found a range of relationships between traits in different analysis categories (e.g., frameworks, virus–host systems). Our work demonstrates that direct evidence for relationships between traits is highly idiosyncratic and specific to the host–virus system and theoretical framework. Consequently, scientists researching viral pathogens from different taxonomic groups might reconsider their allegiance to these canons as the basis for expectation, explanation, or prediction. Future efforts could benefit from consistent definitions, and from developing frameworks that are compatible with the evidence and apply to particular biological and ecological contexts.
Unveiling hidden Bathynellidae (Crustacea: Bathynellacea) diversity in Australia: an integrated study reveals remarkable diversity and a new subfamily from Queensland
Authors: Perina Giulia , Camacho Ana I , White Nicole E , Morgan Liesel , Lawrie Angus , Floeckner Stephanie , Guzik Michelle T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Awareness of pressures on subterranean habitats and their associated groundwater-dependent ecosystems has increased recently. Subterranean fauna provide critical services and can act as bioindicators; however, a significant portion of this diversity is unknown. The family Bathynellidae are neglected taxa of tiny subterranean crustaceans, with only 112 species described in 36 genera and three subfamilies worldwide. Their conservative morphology, small size, and delicate exoskeleton make their dissection, observation, and study very difficult. However, in recent years, molecular tools have been used to support morphology and reconstruct phylogenies to analyse the relationships among taxa and understand their origins. In this paper, using molecular and morphological data, we recognize 37–41 new Bathynellidae putative species from Australia, including a new genus and species (Queenslandbathynella gen. nov. spinosa sp. nov.), here described, belonging to a new subfamily (Queenslandbathynellinae subfam. nov.), expanding the morphological knowledge of the family. We present a multigene phylogeny inclusive of many described and undescribed taxa from Australia and worldwide, with four genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S, 28S, and 18S ribosomal RNA), that supports the erection of a new genus and subfamily, which provides a new molecular framework for Bathynellidae.
Inflammatory mediator contributes to leptin resistance and obesity in craniopharyngioma
Authors: Xiao Youchao , Wu Wentao , Liu Fangzheng , Jin Lu , Jia Yanfei , Qiao Ning , Cai Kefan , Ru Siming , Cao Lei , Gui Songbai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObesity presents a significant challenge in managing patients with craniopharyngioma (CP). Cyst fluid (CF), rich in inflammatory mediators, is implicated in CP‐related obesity, though the precise mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of CF or C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand‐1 (CXCL1) injections on body weight, Lee index, plasma lipid profiles, hepatic lipid accumulation, leptin levels, NF‐κB pathway, the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression, and leptin sensitivity in rats. Bioinformatics was employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CF/CXCL1‐treated and control SY5Y cells, as well as to confirm enriched pathways. Western blotting was used for experimental validation, including the effects of sodium salicylate (SS) on leptin sensitivity in SY5Y cells. Injecting CF or CXCL1 into the brain, without hypothalamic damage, led to increased body weight, Lee index, and hepatic lipid accumulation in rats, alongside elevated fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, while high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased. Additionally, CF and CXCL1 could induce elevated leptin levels, a higher leptin‐to‐body weight ratio, and resistance to exogenous leptin by activating the NF‐κB pathway and upregulating the expression of SOCS3 in rats. Further validation confirmed that CF and CXCL1 suppress leptin signaling by activating the NF‐κB pathway and upregulating SOCS3. Moreover, SS mitigated the inhibitory effects of CF or CXCL1 on leptin signaling, preserving leptin sensitivity in SY5Y cells. These results highlight the obesogenic role of CF and CXCL1, offering insights into the development of morbid obesity through inflammatory factor‐mediated leptin resistance, independent of hypothalamic damage. SS may serve as a promising therapeutic approach for CP‐associated obesity, though additional clinical studies are necessary to confirm its efficacy.
Epidemiology of myositis
Authors: Duremala Fnu , Tiniakou Eleni , Andrews James 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to synthesize recent developments in the epidemiology of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), focusing on incidence, prevalence, disease classification, and clinical outcomes.

Recent findings
IIM is a rare group of autoimmune diseases characterized by muscle weakness and systemic involvement, with incidence rates ranging from 0.2 to 2 cases per 100 000 person-years. The role of myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) in stratifying disease risk and prognosis is increasingly recognized, such as in anti-MDA5 positive DM, which is associated with a high risk of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease. Furthermore, patients with IIM exhibit elevated risks of comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and malignancy.

Summary
IIM diseases are complex disorders with significant health impacts, necessitating enhanced awareness and research. Improved classification and understanding of MSAs are crucial for earlier diagnosis and tailored therapeutic strategies. Continued epidemiological research is essential to elucidate underlying mechanisms and inform future interventions, ultimately aiming to enhance the quality of life and clinical outcomes for affected patients.
Can We Predict 30-day Readmission Following Hip Fracture?
Authors: Pettit Christopher J. , Herbosa Carolyn F. , Ganta Abhishek , Rivero Steven , Tejwani Nirmal , Leucht Philipp , Konda Sanjit R. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the most common reason for 30-day readmission following hospitalization for hip fractures.

METHODS:

Design: A retrospective review.

Setting:
Single academic medical center that includes a Level 1 Trauma Center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Included were all patients operatively treated for hip fractures (OTA 31) between October 2014 and November 2023. Patients that died during their initial admission were excluded.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Patient demographics, hospital quality measures, outcomes and readmission within 30-days following discharge for each patient were reviewed. 30-day readmission reason was recorded and correlation analysis was performed.

RESULTS:
A total of 3,032 patients were identified with a mean age of 82.1 years and 70.5% of patients being female. The 30-day readmission cohort was 2.6 years older (p<0.001) and 8.8% more male patients (p=0.027), had 0.5 higher CCI (p<0.001), 0.3 higher ASA class (p<0.001) and were 9.2% less independent at the time of admission (p= 0.003). Hemiarthroplasty procedure (32.7% vs. 24.1%) was associated with higher 30-day readmission compared to closed percutaneous screw fixation (4.5% vs. 8.8%) and cephalomedullary nail fixation (52.2% vs. 54.4%, p<0.001). Those readmitted by 30-days developed more major (16.7% vs. 8.0%) (p<0.001) and minor (50.5% vs. 36.4%) (p<0.001) complications during their initial hospitalization and had a 1.5 day longer LOS during their first admission (p<0.001). Those discharged home were less likely to be readmitted within 30-days (20.7% vs. 27.6%, (p=0.008). Multivariate regression revealed increasing ASA class (O.R. 1.47, p=0.002) and pre-injury ambulatory status (O.R. 1.42, p=0.007) were most associated with increased 30-day readmission. The most common reason for readmission was pulmonary complications (17.1% of complications) including acute respiratory failure, COPD exacerbation and pneumonia.

CONCLUSION:
Thirty-day readmission following hip fracture was associated with older, sicker patients with decreased pre-injury ambulation status. Hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fracture was also associated with readmission. The most common reason for 30-day readmission following hip fracture was pulmonary complications.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Prognostic Level III
Insular Infraorbital Neurovascular Pedicle Labial Salivary Gland Transplantation for Severe Dry Eye: Anatomy Study and Case Report
Authors: Zuo Er-Dong , Zhou Jing , Lu Han , Li Yue , Wang Ying-Hui , Jin Yong-Gang , Jie Ying , Chen Xiao-Hong 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Severe dry eyes often require surgical intervention. Submandibular salivary and minor salivary gland transplantation are options for refractory dry eyes but have limitations. We innovatively designed an insular infraorbital neurovascular pedicle labial salivary gland transplantation (IINPLSGT) and validated its feasibility and safety through anatomical studies.

Methods:
An anatomical study was conducted on 13 red-colored latex arterial-perfused cadavers (24 sides). Two specimens (4 sides) simulated IINPLSGT. We recorded the branching patterns and courses of the infraorbital artery, infraorbital nerve, and angular artery, as well as the distribution of nerves, vessels, and salivary glands in the upper lip. Infraorbital artery and angular artery were anatomically classified. The feasibility of the IINPLSGT was validated. Otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists performed IINPLSGT, transferring the labial mucosal flap to the lower eyelid conjunctival fornix to treat severe dry eye in 1 patient.

Results:
Infraorbital artery exhibited 5 potential branches, classified into 5 types based on developmental patterns. Angular artery was classified into 3 types based on the courses. Patient symptoms significantly improved postoperatively, with Schirmer I increasing from 0 mm to 6 mm, noninvasive breakup time from 0 seconds to 6 seconds, and SPEED (Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness questionnaire) score decreasing from 10.5 to 3 in the OD 1 year after surgery. No severe complications were observed.

Conclusion:
IINPLSGT is a safe and feasible method for treating severe dry eyes. The procedure is simple, with a high postoperative gland survival rate, stable secretion, and minimal complications.
Efficacy of Auricular Acupressure Combined With Positive Psychological Techniques on Sleep Quality in Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Bi Liuna , Gao Wenjuan , Zhang Qian , Li Na , Zhang Xian , Han Jing 
Published: December 2024

Background
Auricular acupressure (AA) and positive psychological intervention (PPI) are promising sleep improvement methods.

Objective
To assess and compare the efficacies of combined intervention (CI [AA + PPI]), AA, and PPI in sleep quality enhancement and their potential effects in alleviating negative psychological states in radiotherapy-treated patients with cancer.

Methods
This study was a 4-arm, placebo-controlled randomized trial. We randomly assigned 120 eligible patients into 4 groups (30 patients per group). The main outcomes included subjective sleep quality, psychological distress, and fear of cancer recurrence, which were measured at baseline, immediate postintervention, and 4 weeks postintervention. Objective sleep quality was measured using Fitbit Charge 3 at baseline and immediate postintervention. The intervention effects were estimated using the linear mixed model.

Results
The 4 groups demonstrated significant differences in subjective sleep quality (P < .001), psychological distress (P = .004), and fear of cancer recurrence (P < .001). CI, AA, and PPI had different degrees of positive effects on subjective sleep quality compared with sham control; CI was more effective than AA and PPI, whereas AA was more effective than PPI. CI and PPI showed significant and comparable effects on psychological distress and fear of cancer recurrence reduction. Only CI and AA significantly improved the objective sleep quality.

Conclusions
CI, AA, and PPI are recommended as complementary therapies to improve the sleep quality of patients with cancer.

Implications for Practice
In future clinical practice, healthcare workers should assess patients’ sleep quality and psychological status and select appropriate interventions.
Effects of Diabetes and Attentional Focus on Learning of a Novel Balance Task
Authors: Lee Szu-Ping , Shih Hui-Ting , Wu Fu-Lien , Armagnac Rebeca , Lee Yinny , Letkiewicz Alicia , Mamauag Mieko , Hooyman Andrew , Winstein Carolee 
Published: December 2024

Background and Purpose:
Chronic diabetes is a prevalent systemic disease that impairs neuromotor functioning and often leads to increased risk of falls. Adopting an external focus of attention during motor skill practice has been shown to improve learning outcomes; however, it has not been examined in this population. We examined how attentional focus instructions (internal vs external) affect balance performance and learning in older adults with and without diabetes.

Methods:
Fifty-three older adults (27 with diabetes, 63.7 ± 7.0 years) participated in the randomized, pre-post intervention study. The balance training involved 50 practice trials of a stabilometer task that was novel to all participants. Participants were randomized to receive either internal or external focus task instruction. Task performance was assessed at baseline, during training, and during a retention test. Primary outcomes were changes in balance task performance before and after training.

Results:
Participants who received external focus instruction showed a significantly greater increase in balance performance than individuals who received internal focus instruction (95% confidence interval, 0.02-4.05; P = 0.048). While participants with diabetes exhibited poorer baseline task performance (P = 0.02), both groups improved their relative task performance after training (95% confidence interval, 5.25-18.14; P < 0.0001).

Discussion and Conclusions:
Adopting an external focus of attention benefits performance during short-term training of a novel balance task in older adults with and without diabetes. Participants with diabetes were capable of learning the challenging balance task with practice, at a relative rate similar to those without diabetes. This information may be useful for designing interventional strategies to improve physical function and mitigate fall risks in older adults with diabetes.