bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frasnian-Famennian transition in western Thailand: conodonts, biofacies, eustatic changes, extinction
Authors: Savage Norman M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe biofacies of the LowerPalmatolepis rhenanaBiozone toPalmatolepis triangularisBiozone in the Mae Sariang section, northwestern Thailand, are marked by alternations ofPalmatolepis-dominated biofacies andPolygnathus-dominated biofacies related to fluctuations in seawater depth. Fine-grained limestone accumulated through the LowerPalmatolepis rhenanaBiozone, UpperPalmatolepis rhenanaBiozone,Palmatolepis linguiformisBiozone,Palmatolepis subperlobataBiozone, andPalmatolepis triangularisBiozone. A regression in the UpperrhenanaZone was followed by a recovery transgression that extended up through thelinguiformisZone. Conodont faunas increased until near the end of thelinguiformisZone, but in the overlyingsubperlobataZone andtriangularisZone, conodont numbers dropped and most conodont species disappeared. It is possible the event coincides with a glacially forced regression, but there is no evidence of this in the section apart from a positive spike in δ13C. Another possible cause of the global marine extinction event is toxic levels of metals resulting from widespread volcanism. New taxa in this paper arePalmatolepis chaemensisnew species,Palmatolepis thamensisnew species, andPolygnathus tenellus surinensisnew subspecies.UUID:http://zoobank.org/f2b55ba8-fe49-46f6-a2d5-bfd0208f1460
Association of dietary phytochemical index and mental health in women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Darooghegi Mofrad Manije , Siassi Fereydoun , Guilani Bijan , Bellissimo Nick , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that unhealthy dietary patterns are among the most important modifiable risk factors in the development of mental health disorders. We examined the association of dietary phytochemical index (DPI) with symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress in Iranian women. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 488 women aged 20–50 years old attending health centres in the south of Tehran in 2018 were included. A validated and reliable FFQ was used for dietary assessment. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological distress were assessed using a validated depression, anxiety, stress scales questionnaires with twenty-one-items. DPI was estimated using the following formula: (daily energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods (kJ)/total daily energy intake (kJ))×100. The mean age of the study participants was 31·9 (sd7·7) years. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety and psychological distress among study participants was 34·6, 40·6 and 42·4 %, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, women in the highest tertile of DPI had a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms (OR 0·22; 95 % CI 0·12, 0·38) and anxiety (OR 0·33; 95 % CI 0·20, 0·55), as well as psychological distress (OR 0·30; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·49) compared with those in the lowest tertile. In conclusion, we found a significant association between DPI and mental health in women. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Patterns of helminth infections inRattus rattusandMus musculusfrom two Mayan communities in Mexico
Authors: Panti-May J.A. , Palomo-Arjona E.E. , Gurubel-González Y.M. , Barrientos-Medina R.C. , Digiani M.C. , Robles M.R. , Hernández-Betancourt S.F. , Machain-Williams C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe black ratRattus rattusand the house mouseMus musculusare two commensal rodent species that harbour and shed zoonotic pathogens, including helminths. The aim of this survey was to study the helminth community and the patterns of infections inR. rattusandM. musculusfrom two Mayan communities in Mexico. Gastrointestinal helminths were isolated from 322M. musculusand 124R. rattus, includingGongylonema neoplasticum,Hassalstrongylus aduncus,Hassalstrongylus musculi,Hydatigera taeniaeformismetacestode,Hymenolepis diminuta,Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Oligacanthorhynchidae gen. sp.,Syphacia muris,Syphacia obvelata,Rodentolepis microstomaandTrichuris muris. The overall richness of helminths was seven inR. rattusand six inM. musculus. The results of generalized linear models showed that juvenile rodents had lower probabilities of being infected withG. neoplasticum,H. taeniaeformisandH. musculithan adult rodents. A positive association between the prevalence ofS. murisand rat abundance was found. The intensity of infection withS. muriswas higher in the rainy season than in the dry season; the opposite result was found forH. musculiinfection. MaleR. rattusharboured moreS. murisspecimens. The intensity of infection withT. muriswas inversely associated with mouse abundance. The presence of the zoonoticH. diminuta, as well asH. taeniaeformisandR. microstomain rodent populations indicates that there is risk of transmission, and that their entire life cycle occurs in the study area.
Effects of polyploidy on response ofDunaliella salinato salinity
Authors: Soltani Nezhad Fatemeh , Mansouri Hakimeh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, polyploidy level was determined by flow cytometry analysis. The effect of polyploidy by colchicine treatment was examined on the growth parameters, malondealdehyde (MDA), as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in response to different levels of salinity inDunaliella salina. The results of algal growth indicated that 3 M NaCl was the optimal concentration of salt, since the highest enhancement in fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids, soluble sugar, glycerol, protein and starch content was observed in comparison to other concentrations. The amount of these metabolites declined in the concentrations under optimum salinity. The least and highest amounts of MDA were observed at 1 and 4 M NaCl respectively. Polyploidy in optimum concentration of salt, caused further increment of the above growth parameters. In relation to this, in most cases, treatment of 0.1% colchicine was most effective. The beneficial effects of polyploidy in non-optimal conditions were also found in some parameters such as biomass, chlorophyll, carotenoids, proteins and starch. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD and POD showed a positive significant correlation with salt stress and these were maximized at 4 M NaCl. Polyploidy (especially colchicine 0.1%) affected activity of these antioxidant enzymes in some concentrations of salt. Overall, our results suggest that the microalgae has significantly different responses to salt stress based on ploidy levels.
Resource-rational analysis: Understanding human cognition as the optimal use of limited computational resources
Authors: Lieder Falk , Griffiths Thomas L. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Modeling human cognition is challenging because there are infinitely many mechanisms that can generate any given observation. Some researchers address this by constraining the hypothesis space through assumptions about what the human mind can and cannot do, while others constrain it through principles of rationality and adaptation. Recent work in economics, psychology, neuroscience, and linguistics has begun to integrate both approaches by augmenting rational models with cognitive constraints, incorporating rational principles into cognitive architectures, and applying optimality principles to understanding neural representations. We identify the rational use of limited resources as a unifying principle underlying these diverse approaches, expressing it in a new cognitive modeling paradigm called resource-rational analysis. The integration of rational principles with realistic cognitive constraints makes resource-rational analysis a promising framework for reverse-engineering cognitive mechanisms and representations. It has already shed new light on the debate about human rationality and can be leveraged to revisit classic questions of cognitive psychology within a principled computational framework. We demonstrate that resource-rational models can reconcile the mind's most impressive cognitive skills with people's ostensive irrationality. Resource-rational analysis also provides a new way to connect psychological theory more deeply with artificial intelligence, economics, neuroscience, and linguistics.
Elemental Distribution in CrNbTaTiW-C High Entropy Alloy Thin Films
Authors: Shinde Deodatta , Fritze Stefan , Thuvander Mattias , Malinovskis Paulius , Riekehr Lars , Jansson Ulf , Stiller Krystyna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe microstructure and distribution of the elements have been studied in thin films of a near-equimolar CrNbTaTiW high entropy alloy (HEA) and films with 8 at.% carbon added to the alloy. The films were deposited by magnetron sputtering at 300°C. X-ray diffraction shows that the near-equimolar metallic film crystallizes in a single-phase body centered cubic (bcc) structure with a strong (110) texture. However, more detailed analyses with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) show a strong segregation of Ti to the grain boundaries forming a very thin Ti–Cr rich interfacial layer. The effect can be explained by the large negative formation enthalpy of Ti–Cr compounds and shows that CrNbTaTiW is not a true HEA at lower temperatures. The addition of 8 at.% carbon leads to the formation of an amorphous structure, which can be explained by the limited solubility of carbon in bcc alloys. TEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that all metallic elements are randomly distributed in the film. The APT investigation, however, revealed that carbide-like clusters are present in the amorphous film.
Legitimacy, metacoordination and context-dependence
Authors: Maffettone Pietro , Ulaş Luke 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that the process of deriving legitimacy criteria for political institutions ought to be sensitive to features of the political context in which that process is to occur. The paper builds on Allen Buchanan’s ‘Metacoordination View’ of legitimacy, which we explicate in the first section. While sympathetic to Buchanan’s practical approach, we believe the idea of a metacoordination process to be underspecified across two dimensions, which we explain in the second section: (i) constituency and (ii) normativity. Both dimensions admit of differing specifications. In the third section, we suggest that how best to fill in these dimensions in any one instance depends upon the political context in which the metacoordination process is to occur. We highlight three relevant elements of a political decision context – criticality, institutional time point, and motivational landscape – and illustrate their significance by way of reference, respectively, to the World Health Organization, the European Economic and Monetary Union, and the Bank of International Settlements. The ‘context-dependence’ of the metacoordination process, and therefore of legitimacy, entails the possibility that institutions that are similar, even identical, in terms of their nature and function may nevertheless be held to differing legitimacy criteria in differing political contexts.
A Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the National Economic Impacts of Regulatory Drought Management on Irrigated Agriculture
Authors: Salmoral G. , Rey D. , Rudd A. , de Margon P. , Holman I. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrought frequency and intensity is expected to increase in many regions worldwide, and water shortages could become more extreme, even in humid temperate climates. To protect the environment and secure water supplies, water abstractions for irrigation can be mandatorily reduced by environmental regulators. Such abstraction restrictions can result in economic impacts on irrigated agriculture. This study provides a novel approach for the probabilistic risk assessment of potential future economic losses in irrigated agriculture arising from the interaction of climate change and regulatory drought management, with an application to England and Wales. Hydrometeorological variability is considered within a synthetic data set of daily rainfall and river flows for a baseline period (1977–2004) and for projections for near future (2022–2049) and far future (2072–2099). The probability, magnitude, and timing of abstraction restrictions are derived by applying rainfall and river flow triggers in 129 catchments. The risk of economic losses at the catchment level is then obtained from the occurrences of abstraction restrictions combined with spatially distributed crop‐specific economic losses. Results show that restrictions will become more severe, more frequent, and longer in the future. The highest economic risks are projected where drought‐sensitive crops with a high financial value are concentrated in catchments with increasingly uncertain water supply. This research highlights the significant economic losses associated with mandatory drought restrictions experienced by the agricultural sector and supports the need for environmental regulators and irrigators to collaboratively manage scarce water resources to balance environmental and economic considerations.
New Homogeneous Composite of Energetic Electron Fluxes From POES Satellites: 1. Correction for Background Noise and Orbital Drift
Authors: Asikainen Timo , Ruopsa Miro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOne of the most popular long‐term data sets of energetic particles used in, for example, long‐term radiation belt studies and in atmospheric/climate studies is perhaps the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) data set, which extends nearly continuously from 1979 to present. The energetic particle measurements by the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector instrument onboard the POES satellites have had many instrumental problems, which have made quantitative estimates of energetic particle fluxes somewhat difficult. However, in the recent years, these instrumental deficiencies have been studied and corrected. Here we aim to construct a new long‐term composite record of energetic electrons based on the Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector data. In this study we point out that there are also other remaining factors, not related to instrument construction, which still severely impact the overall homogeneity of the 39‐year POES data set. We concentrate here on studying and correcting two issues: (1) temporally varying background noise related to cosmic rays and (2) drift in the orientation of satellite orbital planes, which changes the sampling location of the satellites over time. In particular, we show that the drift of satellite orbital planes leads to rather large changes in the electron fluxes over time, which could be misinterpreted as true temporal changes without the corrections. These changes can be rather large, a factor of 3 or more in the poleward edge of the precipitation zone, and are likely to have a large impact, for example, on atmospheric ionization estimates based on POES data.
Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation of the 2016 Central Tottori Earthquake and its Slip Model
Authors: Meneses‐Gutierrez Angela , Nishimura Takuya , Hashimoto Manabu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe analyze Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, and accelerometer data within the San‐in Shear Zone in order to clarify the coseismic and postseismic slip distributions associated with the Mw6.2 2016 Central Tottori earthquake. Inversion of the coseismic displacement data to estimate the slip distribution on the rupture fault shows a patch of large slip to the northwest of the hypocenter of the mainshock location. Relocated aftershocks and off‐fault seismicity 1 month after the mainshock are in agreement with stress change patterns caused by the mainshock fault. Inversion of near‐field GNSS displacements in 7 months following the earthquake under the assumption of afterslip does not show a preferred slip patch but rather a smooth distribution of the slip at shallow depths. Restricted slip propagation of afterslip on the 2016 event might suggest that inland faults in the San‐in Shear Zone are immature. Limited resolution of the GNSS data might inhibit us from finding the slip at depth.
Delayed Subsidence After Rifting and a Record of Breakup for Northwestern Zealandia
Authors: Boston Brian , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Gallais Flora , Hackney Ron , Fujie Gou , Kodaira Shuichi , Miura Seiichi , Kaiho Yuka , Saito Saneatsu , Shiraishi Kazuya , Yamada Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContinental rifting and breakup of eastern Gondwana during the Cretaceous separated northern Zealandia from eastern Australia, but the processes leading to this highly extended and largely submerged block of continental crust are unknown. We acquired and processed multichannel seismic reflection data across northern Zealandia and examine the stratigraphy of the Middleton Basin. We identified a two‐phase formation process for the basin, as evidenced by an unconformity separating two postrift units. After initial basin formation and slow deposition of the lower postrift unit, deposition rates within the Middleton Basin rapidly increased in response to the latest stage of subsidence and to create the modern basin. We propose a tectonic model wherein the Middleton Basin initiated through oceanic spreading and the subsequent postrift subsidence of the newly created oceanic lithosphere was delayed due to thermal buoyancy associated with nearby oceanic spreading in the Tasman Basin. Our results provide new constraints on rifting and breakup processes of wide, magma‐poor, and asymmetric margins and indicate that multiple regions of weak lithosphere may have influenced the breakup.
Subtropical Mode Water and Permanent Pycnocline Properties in the World Ocean
Authors: Feucher Charlène , Maze Guillaume , Mercier Herlé 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA global reference state of the subtropical mode water and permanent pycnocline properties for the 2000–2015 period is presented. The climatology is obtained from a pattern recognition algorithm applied to stratification profiles from the Argo global array. The stratification features are identified as permanent upper ocean pycnostad and pycnocline even when the seasonal pycnocline is developed. The climatology shows that both Northern Hemisphere subtropical gyres have a qualitatively very similar stratification structure. The permanent pycnoclines in the North Atlantic and North Pacific show two deep centers colocated with thick subtropical and subpolar mode waters. These centers coincide with modes in the density and stratification space. These deep pycnocline centers are separated by a region with a shallower and thinner permanent pycnocline that is located downstream of Western Boundary Current Extensions and upstream of Eastern Subtropical Fronts. This feature creates a remarkable double‐bowl pattern at the basin scale. In the subtropical gyres of the South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans, the mode water and permanent pycnocline structures are characterized by two modes in the density and stratification space that, unlike in the Northern Hemisphere, do not necessarily correspond to deep and thick permanent pycnocline regions. In the subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean, a single mode is found to correspond to a single center in the western part of the gyre. This study also shows that away from these deep centers where the pycnocline depth almost follows isopycnals, the permanent pycnocline experiences significant thermohaline gradients that are not density compensated.
Triassic Sedimentary Filling and Closure of the Eastern Paleo‐Tethys Ocean: New Insights From Detrital Zircon Geochronology of Songpan‐Ganzi, Yidun, and West Qinling Flysch in Eastern Tibet
Authors: Jian Xing , Weislogel Amy , Pullen Alex 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTriassic flysch in the Songpan‐Ganzi Complex (SGC), eastern Tibet, is an important and rich record of tectonism associated with evolution and closure of the eastern Paleo‐Tethys Ocean. However, current models for tectonic evolution of the ocean remain controversial, in large part due to ambiguity of the origin of SGC deposits. We constrain provenance of Middle‐Upper Triassic turbidites from central SGC and the adjacent Yidun and West Qinling terranes by using detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology. The results show that the detrital zircon ages mainly comprise five populations: 240–310 Ma; 400–480 Ma; 750–1,000 Ma; 1,700–2,000 Ma; and 2,300–2,600 Ma. These ages indicate the East Kunlun and North China block served as major sediment sources for most of central SGC and West Qinling. The predominance of Paleozoic zircons in Upper Triassic turbidites indicates uplift and exhumation of the East Kunlun orogen during the Late Triassic. The southern SGC and Yidun turbidites display quite similar zircon age spectra (significant age peaks at approximately 1,850 Ma), implying that Songpan‐Ganzi and Yidun depocenters were adjacent to each other by the Middle Triassic. This finding suggests that the Ganzi‐Litang Ocean, as a part of eastern Paleo‐Tethys Ocean, probably had been closed by the Middle Triassic. We favor subsequent deformation and uplift of the Triassic flysch was coeval with or possibly predated latest Triassic shortening within the Longmenshan thrust belt, resulting in recycling of the flysch into surrounding sedimentary basins (e.g., Sichuan and Qamdo basins) since latest Triassic time.
Depth Extent and Kinematics of Faulting in the Southern Tanganyika Rift, Africa
Authors: Lavayssière Aude , Drooff Connor , Ebinger Cynthia , Gallacher Ryan , Illsley‐Kemp Finnigan , Oliva Sarah J. , Keir Derek 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnusually deep earthquakes occur beneath rift segments with and without surface expressions of magmatism in the East African Rift system. The Tanganyika rift is part of the Western rift and has no surface evidence of magmatism. The TANG14 array was deployed in the southern Tanganyika rift, where earthquakes of magnitude up to 7.4 have occurred, to probe crust and upper mantle structure and evaluate fault kinematics. Four hundred seventy‐four earthquakes detected between June 2014 and September 2015 are located using a new regional velocity model. The precise locations, magnitudes, and source mechanisms of local and teleseismic earthquakes are used to determine seismogenic layer thickness, delineate active faults, evaluate regional extension direction, and evaluate kinematics of border faults. The active faults span more than 350 km with deep normal faults transecting the thick Bangweulu craton, indicating a wide plate boundary zone. The seismogenic layer thickness is 42 km, spanning the entire crust beneath the rift basins and their uplifted flanks. Earthquakes in the upper mantle are also detected. Deep earthquakes with steep nodal planes occur along subsurface projections of Tanganyika and Rukwa border faults, indicating that large offset (≥5 km) faults penetrate to the base of the crust, and are the current locus of strain. The focal mechanisms, continuous depth distribution, and correlation with mapped structures indicate that steep, deep border faults maintain a half‐graben morphology over at least 12 Myr of basin evolution. Fault scaling based on our results suggests that M > 7 earthquakes along Tanganyika border faults are possible.