bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The novel butyrate derivative phenylalanine‐butyramide protects from doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Russo Michele , Guida Fiorentina , Paparo Lorella , Trinchese Giovanna , Aitoro Rosita , Avagliano Carmen , Fiordelisi Antonella , Napolitano Fabiana , Mercurio Valentina , Sala Valentina , Li Mingchuan , Sorriento Daniela , Ciccarelli Michele , Ghigo Alessandra , Hirsch Emilio , Bianco Roberto , Iaccarino Guido , Abete Pasquale , Bonaduce Domenico , Calignano Antonio , Berni Canani Roberto , Tocchetti Carlo G. 
Published: March 2019

AimsButyric acid (BUT), a short chain fatty acid produced daily by the gut microbiota, has proven beneficial in models of cardiovascular diseases. With advancements in cancer survival, an increasing number of patients are at risk of anticancer drug cardiotoxicity. Here we assess whether the novel BUT derivative phenylalanine‐butyramide (FBA) protects from doxorubicin (DOXO) cardiotoxicity, by decreasing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.Methods and resultsIn C57BL6 mice, DOXO produced left ventricular dilatation assessed by echocardiography. FBA prevented left ventricular dilatation, fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis when co‐administered with DOXO. DOXO increased atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, connective tissue growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 mRNAs, which were not elevated on co‐treatment with FBA. DOXO, but not FBA + DOXO mice, also showed higher nitrotyrosine levels, and increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Accordingly, DOXO hearts showed lower levels of intracellular catalase vs. sham, while pre‐treatment with FBA prevented this decrease. We then assessed for reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission: DOXO induced increased activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and higher production of H2O2, which were blunted by FBA pre‐treatment. FBA also ameliorated mitochondrial state 3 and state 4 respiration rates that were compromised by DOXO. Furthermore, in DOXO animals, the mitochondrial degree of coupling was significantly increased vs. sham, while FBA was able to prevent such increase, contributing to limit ROS production, Finally, FBA reduced DOXO damage in human cellular models, and increased the tumour‐killing action of DOXO.ConclusionsPhenylalanine‐butyramide protects against experimental doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Such protection is accompanied by reduction in oxidative stress and amelioration of mitochondrial function.
Strategies for Enzymatic Synthesis of Omega‐3 Structured Triacylglycerols from Camelina sativa Oil Enriched in EPA and DHA
Authors: Castejón Natalia , Señoráns Francisco J. 
Published: March 2019

Enzymatic production of enriched eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) structured triacylglycerols (STAGs) is done in a two‐step reaction from a new source of omega‐3 α‐linolenic acid (ALA), Camelina sativa oil. A fast‐pressurized liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate as green solvent is used to produce camelina oil with a 39.3% yield in less than 20 min. In a first stage, camelina oil with a 29.7% of ALA is used to enzymatically produce 2‐monoacylglycerols (2‐MAGs) with high ALA composition in position sn‐2 (49.8% of ALA) using Lipozyme TL IM at 25 °C. For omega‐3 incorporation into STAGs, several lipases are studied, with 2‐MAG and omega‐3 FAEEs at different ratios (1:5, 1:10, and 1:20 (w/w)), 10% (w/w) of biocatalyst at 35 °C. STAGs yields reached with EPA ethyl esters are notably higher than using DHA‐EE. Lipase from Candida antarctica B (CAL‐B) and Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) incorporate EPA into STAGs in the same degree, 95.1 and 95.5%, respectively. However, for enriched DHA STAGs, maximum reaction yield is reached with CAL‐B (81.0%). The transesterification method of 2‐MAGs from vegetable omega‐3 sources like camelina oil, with marine EPA and DHA FAEEs, opens new approaches for developing VLC‐PUFA fortified functional foods.Practical Applications: Results provided in this research not only demonstrate the efficiency of this enzymatic method for enriching camelina oil in EPA and DHA, but offer a very effective strategy for the development of omega‐3‐enriched products from other vegetable oil sources like chia or echium as ingredients for functional foods with recognized health claims for applications in nutraceutical and food industries. Camelina oil proved to be an excellent source to enzymatically produce 2‐MAGs enriched in omega‐3 ALA. Moreover, lipase screening with commercial biocatalysts establish the most appropriate strategy to reach maximum STAGs yields with direct application in industry. Tested lipases exhibit different degree of substrate specificity toward EPA and DHA, omega‐3 acids not present in natural seed oils. Thus, CAL‐B seems to be the most suitable lipase to produce high content EPA and DHA enriched STAGs from camelina oil as new food ingredients for nutraceutical applications.Enzymatic production of structured TAGs enriched in EPA and DHA is done in a two‐step reaction from a natural source of omega‐3 ALA, camelina oil, studying reaction kinetics and characterizing isolated products.
Amrubicin is effective against small cell carcinoma of the prostate as a second‐line chemotherapeutic agent: A case report
Authors: Maesaka Fumisato , Nakai Yasushi , Tomizawa Mitsuru , Owari Takuya , Miyake Makito , Inoue Takeshi , Anai Satoshi , Tanaka Nobumichi , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionSmall cell carcinoma of the prostate has a poor prognosis. Furthermore, treatments for small cell carcinoma of the prostate have not been established. We report a case where amrubicin was effective for second‐line chemotherapy.Case presentationA 50‐year‐old man complaining of painful micturition was referred to our hospital. Due to high prostate‐specific antigen level (16.57 ng/mL) and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings (cT2c), prostate biopsy was performed; mixed adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma of the prostate were observed. Radical prostatectomy was performed following a cT2cN0M0 diagnosis. One month after prostatectomy, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed metastatic lesions in the bone; the patient received androgen deprivation therapy and two cycles of cisplatin plus irinotecan. Due to new metastatic lesions and sustained abnormal pro‐gastrin‐releasing peptide levels, amrubicin was administered for second‐line chemotherapy. Pro‐gastrin‐releasing peptide was normalized and positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a complete metabolic response after 15 cycles of amrubicin.ConclusionAmrubicin could serve as a second‐line chemotherapeutic agent against small cell carcinoma of the prostate.
IDO and intra‐tumoral neutrophils were independent prognostic factors for overall survival for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yan , Yao Rongrong , Zhang Lan , Xie Xiaoying , Chen Rongxin , Ren Zhenggang 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundBoth Indole‐amine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) and neutrophils were proved to have pro‐tumor effect in some kinds of solid tumors by immune suppression. However, little is known about their effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the relationship between these two immune‐suppressive factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of IDO and intra‐tumoral neutrophils and their correlations in HCC.MethodsSpecimens’ tissue microarray (TMA) for 153 HCC patients was used in this study. We examined intra‐tumoral expression of IDO and CD66b in TMA. The Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic value of IDO expression and CD66b.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed both IDO expression and intra‐tumoral neutrophils infiltration were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). In high IDO expression group, the percentage of intra‐tumoral neutrophils infiltration was higher than that in low IDO expression group.ConclusionBoth IDO and intra‐tumoral neutrophils were independent prognostic factors for overall survival for HCC.
Renal effects of general anesthesia from old to recent studies
Authors: Alizadeh Reza , Fard Ziba A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVarious types of anesthesia are being utilized to maintain physiologically secured surgical conditions. Nearly all categories of general anesthesia are characterized by various perioperative and postoperative complications. These shortcomings are important aspects that need to be considered by the anesthesiologist and surgeon before administration of these compounds. The renal effects of anesthesia play an important role in understanding possible systemic changes due to the fact that the kidney has a direct or indirect impact on nearly all the systems of the body. Various studies have been conducted to find out changes in renal parameters and its systemic effects upon administration of the anesthesia and its postoperative repercussions. Besides that, the impaired renal function might have an impact on the excretion of anesthetic metabolites, which can lead to long‐term dysfunction. Patients with a previous history of disease ought to be brought under consideration because these chemicals can ameliorate pre‐existent symptoms. This review is intended to discuss the early and latest studies based on the effects of general anesthesia on the renal system.
Matrix remodeling associated 7 promotes differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells toward osteoblasts
Authors: Zhou Zhishuai , Shen Ying , Yin Juanjuan , Xi Feng , Xu Renjie , Lin Dandan , Saijilafu  , Chen Jianquan , Wang Yiqiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe matrix remodeling associated 7 (MXRA7) gene had been ill‐studied and its biology remained to be discovered. Inspired by our previous findings and public datasets concerning MXRA7, we hypothesized that the MXRA7 gene might be involved in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) functions related to bone formation, which was checked by utilizing in vivo or in vitro methodologies. Micro‐computed tomography of MXRA7‐deficient mice demonstrated retarded osteogenesis, which was reflected by shorter femurs, lower bone mass in both trabecular and cortical bones compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. Histology confirmed the osteopenia‐like feature including thinner growth plates in MXRA7‐deficient femurs. Immunofluorescence revealed less osteoblasts in MXRA7‐deficient femurs. Polymerase chain reaction or western blot analysis showed that when WT BMSCs were induced to differentiate toward osteoblasts or adipocytes in culture, MXRA7 messenger RNA or protein levels were significantly increased alongside osteoblasts induction, but decreased upon adipocytes induction. Cultured MXRA7‐deficient BMSCs showed decreased osteogenesis upon osteogenic differentiation induction as reflected by decreased calcium deposition or lower expression of genes responsible for osteogenesis. When recombinant MXRA7 proteins were supplemented in a culture of MXRA7‐deficient BMSCs, osteogenesis or gene expression was fully restored. Upon osteoblast induction, the level of active β‐catenin or phospho‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase in MXRA7‐deficient BMSCs was decreased compared with that in WT BMSCs, and these impairments could be rescued by recombinant MXRA7 proteins. In adipogenesis induction settings, the potency of MXRA7‐deficient BMSCs to differentiate into adipocytes was increased over the WT ones. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that MXRA7 influences bone formation via regulating the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis in BMSCs.
Antiplatelet, antioxidative, and anti‐inflammatory effects of hydroquinone
Authors: Chang Mei‐Chi , Chang Bei‐En , Pan Yu‐Hwa , Lin Bor‐Ru , Lian Yun‐Chia , Lee Ming‐Shu , Yeung Sin‐Yuet , Lin Li‐Deh , Jeng Jiiang‐Huei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlatelets play crucial roles in thrombosis and hemostasis through platelet activation and aggregation that are crucial in cardiovascular diseases. Hydroquinone (HQ) and its derivatives are present in many dermatological creams, paints, motor fuels, air, microorganisms, and plant products like wheat bread, fruit, coffee, and red wine. The effect of HQ on humans is not clear. In this study, we found that HQ (>25 μM) inhibited arachidonic acid (AA)‐induced platelet aggregation. HQ suppressed AA‐induced thromboxane B2 production of platelets. HQ (>10 μM) also attenuated ex vivo platelet‐rich plasma aggregation. HQ prevented the interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced 8‐isoprostane, and PGE2 production, but not IL‐8 production of pulp cells. These results indicate that HQ may have an antiplatelet effect via inhibition of thromboxane production. HQ has antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects, and possible inhibition of COX. Exposure and consumption of HQ‐containing products, food or drugs may have antiplatelet, antioxidative, and anti‐inflammatory effects.
Intrauterine growth restriction and neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury causes sex‐specific long‐term neurobehavioral abnormalities in rats
Authors: Narang Radhika , Carter Kathleen , Muncie Colin , Pang Yi , Fan Lir‐Wan W. , Feng Yangzheng , Ojeda Norma B. , Bhatt Abhay J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is a lack of knowledge of factors preventing an adequate response to moderate hypothermia after hypoxic ischemic (HI) brain injury. We hypothesized that growth restriction from reduced intrauterine perfusion would predispose neonatal rats to have a worse outcome with HI brain injury. IUGR was induced by placental insufficiency in dams at 14 days of gestation. HI was induced at postnatal day (P) 10 by permanent right carotid artery ligation followed by 90 min of hypoxia (8% oxygen). Tests for early brain injury and neurobehavioral outcomes were subsequently done. All statistical analysis was done using Two‐way ANOVA; post hoc Holm‐Sidak test. HI in control and IUGR groups decreased the success rate of the contralateral vibrissa‐elicited forelimb test, increased response latency in movement initiation test and increased the time to finish elevated beam walk test at P40 and P60. IUGR augmented HI‐induced abnormality in vibrissa‐elicited forelimb test at P40 but showed higher success rate when compared to HI only group at P60. IUGR’s negative effect on HI‐induced changes on the elevated beam walk test was sex‐specific and exaggerated in P60 males. Increased TUNEL positive cells in the cortex were noted at 72 h after in HI in control but not in IUGR groups. In conclusion, the consequences of IUGR on subsequent neonatal HI varied based on age, sex and outcomes examined, and overall, male sex and IUGR had worse effects on the long‐term neurobehavioral outcomes following HI.
Methodology for the establishment of primary porcine vocal fold epithelial cell cultures
Authors: Erickson‐DiRenzo Elizabeth , Leydon Ciara , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveA current lack of methods for epithelial cell culture significantly hinders our understanding of the role of the epithelial and mucus barriers in vocal fold health and disease. Our first objective was to establish reproducible techniques for the isolation and culture of primary porcine vocal fold epithelial cells. Our second objective was to evaluate the functional significance of cell cultures using an in vitro exposure to an inflammatory cytokine.MethodsEpithelial cells were isolated from porcine vocal folds and expanded in culture. Characterization of cultures was completed by immunostaining with markers for pan‐cytokeratin (epithelial cells), vimentin (stromal cells), von Willebrand factor (endothelial cell), and MUC1 and MUC4 (mucin) glycoproteins. Established epithelial cell cultures were then exposed to the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) for 24‐hours, and transcript expression of MUC1 and MUC4 was evaluated.ResultsReproducible, porcine vocal fold epithelial cell cultures, demonstrating cobblestone appearance characteristic of the typical morphology of epithelial cell cultures were created. Cells showed positive staining for pan‐cytokeratin with limited expression of vimentin and von Willebrand factor. Epithelial cells also expressed MUC1 and MUC4. TNF‐α significantly increased transcript expression of MUC4.ConclusionHere, we present the first report of successful culture of primary porcine vocal fold epithelial cells. Cultures will provide researchers with a valuable new in vitro tool to investigate vocal fold epithelium and mucus as well as the effects of common challenges, including inflammatory cytokines, on these barriers.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:E355–E364, 2019
Corrosion behaviour of cold‐rolled aluminium AA8015‐alloy in natural seawater at 0.18 μm surface roughness
Authors: Olaogun O. , Akinlabi E.T. , Arotiba O.A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAluminium is one of the most produced and used metals globally, second to ferrous metals. Its good corrosion resistance is one of the reasons for its heavy usage in typical applications, such as in marine applications. Electrochemical corrosion study of cold‐rolled aluminium AA8015‐alloy at 0.18 μm surface roughness in natural seawater was explored. The aluminium AA8015‐alloy utilized in this study was cold rolled in a reversible Achenbach cold rolling mill in four pass schedules to a thickness gauge of 1.2 mm. A surface roughness of 0.18 μm with three cold mounted samples was achieved on an automated grinding/polishing machine using 320 grit, 800 grit, and 1200 grit SiC paper. Electrochemical corrosion experiments were conducted on the samples in natural seawater using a computer‐controlled potentiostat in an open polarization cell set‐up at room temperature. The corrosion behaviour on surface morphologies of the samples was observed by high mega pixel camera and scanning electron microscope. Findings reveal asymmetric polarization curves for all the samples and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry elemental analysis shows the existence of insoluble substrate complexes formed on the surfaces. Consequently, the scanning electron microscope analysis confirms localised corrosion in the mode of pitting.
Characterizing the microbiota in gastrointestinal tract segments of Rhabdophis subminiatus: Dynamic changes and functional predictions
Authors: Tang Wenjiao , Zhu Guangxiang , Shi Qian , Yang Shijun , Ma Tianyuan , Mishra Shailendra Kumar , Wen Anxiang , Xu Huailiang , Wang Qin , Jiang Yanzhi , Wu Jiayun , Xie Meng , Yao Yongfang , Li Diyan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe gut microbiota helps the host to absorb nutrients and generate immune responses that can affect host behavior, development, reproduction, and overall health. However, in most of the previous studies, microbiota was sampled mainly using feces and intestinal contents from mammals but not from wild reptiles. Here, we described the bacterial profile from five different gastrointestinal tract (GIT) segments (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and cloaca) of three wild Rhabdophis subminiatus using 16S rRNA V4 hypervariable amplicon sequencing. Forty‐seven bacterial phyla were found in the entire GIT, of which Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were predominant. The results showed a significant difference in microbial diversity between the upper GIT segments (esophagus and stomach) and lower GIT segments (large intestine and cloaca). An obvious dynamic distribution of Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes was observed, which mainly existed in the lower GIT segments. Conversely, the distribution of Tenericutes was mainly observed in the upper GIT. We also predicted the microbial functions in the different GIT segments, which showed that microbiota in each segments played an important role in higher membrane transport and carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Microbes in the small intestine were also mainly involved in disease‐related systems, while in the large intestine, they were associated with membrane transport and carbohydrate metabolism. This is the first study to investigate the distribution of the gut microbiota and to predict the microbial function in R. subminiatus. The composition of the gut microbiota certainly reflects the diet and the living environment of the host. Furthermore, these findings provide vital evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of gut diseases in snakes and offer a direction for a model of energy budget research.
Effect of imipramine on urethral opening pressure: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study in healthy women
Authors: Kornholt Jonatan , Sonne David Peick , Riis Troels , Sonne Jesper , Klarskov Niels 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsIn two open‐label trials, imipramine alleviated symptoms in patients with stress urinary incontinence and is therefore used off‐label for this indication. However, it has never been confirmed that imipramine increases urethral pressure in a placebo‐controlled setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether imipramine increases the opening urethral pressure compared to placebo in healthy women using urethral pressure reflectometry.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in 16 healthy women. Opening urethral pressure was measured predose and 1 hour after a single dose of 50 mg imipramine or placebo. The washout period was minimum of 1 week. The study was approved by the local ethics committee, conducted according to the Good Clinical Practice guidelines, and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and EudraCT before recruitment of subjects. Funding was provided by the clinical department.ResultsThere were no dropouts and no serious adverse events. There were 13 adverse drug reactions related to imipramine in seven subjects, one adverse event related to placebo, and two adverse events related to the measurements with urethral pressure reflectometry. Imipramine compared to placebo increased opening urethral pressure in the resting condition with 6.5 cmH2O (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.5, 13.5),
P = 0.07, and in the squeeze condition with 7.9 cmH
2O (95% CI: −0.3, 16.1),
P = 0.06.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the increase in opening urethral pressure after imipramine treatment compared to placebo was neither statistically significant nor clinically relevant, and we do therefore not recommend the off‐label use of imipramine for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence.