bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twisted Orlicz algebras, II
Authors: Öztop Serap , Samei Ebrahim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLet G be a locally compact group, let be a 2‐cocycle, and let () be a complementary pair of strictly increasing continuous Young functions. We continue our investigation in [14] of the algebraic properties of the Orlicz space with respect to the twisted convolution ⊛ coming from Ω. We show that the twisted Orlicz algebra posses a bounded approximate identity if and only if it is unital if and only if G is discrete. On the other hand, under suitable condition on Ω, becomes an Arens regular, dual Banach algebra. We also look into certain cohomological properties of , namely amenability and Connes‐amenability, and show that they rarely happen. We apply our methods to compactly generated group of polynomial growth and demonstrate that our results could be applied to variety of cases.
One‐Step Preparation of Tough and Self‐Healing Polyion Complex Hydrogels with Tunable Swelling Behaviors
Authors: Du Qian , Tang Quan , Yang Kaixiang , Yang Haiyang , Xu Chao , Zhang Xingyuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPolyion complex (PIC) hydrogels formed by charge attraction of opposite charged polymers have received unique research interest. Their conventional preparation method, with a large amount of residual salt after polymerization, requires a long‐term dialysis treatment to remove the salt and toughen the gel. Here, a promising strategy for the one‐step preparation of tough PIC hydrogels without dialysis after polymerization is provided. Bicarbonate and proton ions are selected as the counter ions of the cationic monomer and anionic polymers, respectively. By a CO2‐generating reaction between the counter ions, the residual salt is removed before polymerization, and thus, a PIC hydrogel with tough mechanical performance can be obtained instantly without dialysis. Due to the absence of dialysis, the tough hydrogel can be formed with a wide range of ratios for the oppositely charged polymer with distinct swelling behaviors from non‐swelling to super‐swelling. This tunable swelling behavior shows the possibility for shape‐morphing systems from this one‐step method.
Different techniques for the assessment of geoelectrical data errors to improve the electrical images obtained at an industrial plant
Authors: Martinelli Patricia , Osella Ana , de la Vega Matias , Pinio Alejandro 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to characterise the bases of columns belonging to an industrial plant. We had to design a proper methodology for characterising these structures, in a place with limited available space and time for the deployment of sensors, and with other environmental constraints, such as high electromagnetic noise level, soil vibrations due to operating machines, and complex soil composition. In particular, the floor had a stainless steel cover about 1‐cm thick, below which there was first a layer of concrete about 30‐cm thick and then clay material used to absorb the oils of the machines. Finally, there was the natural soil on which the column bases stood.Given these characteristics, we performed dipole–dipole geoelectric profiles. Holes were drilled through the metallic cover and the concrete layer, with fixed spacings, to insert the electrodes. Because of this and the space and time restrictions, only one profile could be performed for each column. Since we knew that the data could have high noise levels and other errors negatively impacting the data quality, and also because there was a limitation to the length of the profiles, we optimised the measurement configuration by jointly using several electrode apertures, to ensure the best possible resolution and sufficient penetration depth. To obtain adequate error estimations, we performed direct and reciprocal measurements. As an alternative technique, we also carried out a second set of direct measurements, after removing and reinstalling the electrodes.Then, for each profile, we performed 2D inversions of the three datasets separately, without considering data errors. Besides, we inverted the datasets obtained by combining the first direct and the reciprocal measurements, and the first and second direct measurements, considering the two obtained error estimates. In addition, numerical simulations were made, combining direct 3D modelling with 2D inversions. To analyse the results, we took into account the knowledge we had in advance about the main characteristics of the structures.The first conclusion obtained is that, at least for this type of structures, inverting each dataset without considering data errors provided more realistic images. However, although the best results were obtained by inverting without considering errors, it was still fundamental to have different sets of data, for evaluating the reliability of the images and for discarding possible spurious artefacts. This is especially important in environmentally complex urban sites, where errors could be particularly high. Finally, through the numerical simulations, a more rigorous interpretation could be made, and also, the effect of data errors in the quality of the images could be assessed.
Optimal control of immunosuppressants in renal transplant recipients susceptible to BKV infection
Authors: Murad Neha , Tran H.T. , Banks H.T. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryKidney transplant recipients are put on a lifelong regime of immunosuppressants to prevent the body from rejecting the allograft. Suppressing the immune system renders the body susceptible to infections. The key to a successful transplant is to ensure the immune system is sufficiently suppressed to prevent organ rejection but adequately strong to fight infections. Finding the optimal balance between over and undersuppression of the immune response is crucial in preventing allograft failure. In this paper, we design a feedback control formulation to predict the optimal amount of immunosuppression required by renal transplant recipients in the context of infections caused by BK virus. We use a receding horizon control methodology to construct the feedback control. Data, as they are currently collected, provide information for only some model states, so we use nonlinear Kalman filtering to estimate the remaining model states for feedback control. We conclude that, using the presented methodology, an individualized adaptive treatment schedule can be built for renal transplant recipients.
Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of breast cancer, prostate cancer, and malignant melanoma: An Icelandic population‐based case‐control study
Authors: Hálfdánarson Óskar Ö. , Fall Katja , Ogmundsdottir Margret H. , Lund Sigrún H. , Steingrímsson Eiríkur , Ogmundsdottir Helga M. , Zoega Helga 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeIncreased expression of Vacuolar‐type H+ ATPases (V‐ATPases), in the plasma membrane of cancer cells has been suggested to contribute to the development of aggressive cancer phenotypes by promoting acidic tumor microenvironments. Accumulating data suggest that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may elicit a chemopreventive effect via V‐ATPase inhibition in some cancers, but evidence is still limited. Therefore, we aimed to explore a potential preventive role of PPIs in this study.MethodsIn this population‐based case‐control study, we identified incident cases of breast cancer (n = 1739), prostate cancer (n = 1897), and malignant melanoma (n = 385) in Iceland between 2005 and 2014 from the Icelandic Cancer Registry. We assessed varying levels of PPI use through record linkages to the Icelandic Medicines Registry. For each case, we selected up to 10 age‐matched, sex‐matched, and calendar‐matched population controls using risk‐set sampling. Using conditional logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) controlling for NSAID use.ResultsAdjusted ORs associated with ever use of PPIs were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.92‐1.16) for breast cancer, 1.12 (95% CI: 1.00‐1.25) for prostate cancer, and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.69‐1.12) for malignant melanoma. Analyses of high use of PPIs (≥1000 DDDs) yielded ORs of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.78‐1.19), 1.20 (0.99‐1.47), and 0.59 (0.40‐1.13) for breast cancer, prostate cancer, and malignant melanoma, respectively. Analyses of cumulative exposure to PPIs did not support a dose‐response relationship for any of the three cancer types.ConclusionsOur findings do not support a chemopreventive effect of PPI use on breast cancer, prostate cancer, or malignant melanoma.
Alphasat Aldo Paraboni Payload Italian mission segment
Authors: Cornacchini Carlo , De Bernardo Domenico , Falzini Stefano , Codispoti Giuseppe , Parca Giorgia 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn the framework of the ASI Q/V band program, the “Aldo Paraboni” Payload embarked on Alphasat is devoted to the exploitation and the investigation on communications at the Q/V frequency band. The operation of this experimental payload allowed to demonstrate the potential of advanced broadband satellite communications at the Q/V frequency bands and represents an important step toward the development of future High Throughput Satellite (HTS) systems. The Italian Mission Segment (IMS) represents the ground infrastructure which allows to perform communications experiments (propagation impairment mitigation techniques (PIMT)) at 40/50 GHz (Q/V band) and propagation experiments at both 20 GHz (Ka band) and 40 GHz (Q band) by operating the Aldo Paraboni Payload. The IMS was developed under the Italian Space Agency contract and developed by the Italian industry in accordance with the requirements defined for communications and propagation experiments by two principal investigators, appointed by the Italian Space Agency. The IMS consists of two transmitting/receiving ground stations and three control centers, while the space segment is represented by the Aldo Paraboni Payload, financed by Italy through the ARTES‐8 Program, developed by the European Space Agency and implemented by Italian space industries. The Aldo Paraboni Payload, also called technology demonstration payload #5 (TDP#5), has been embarked as piggyback on Alphasat satellite, an INMARSAT Commercial Telecommunication Geosynchronous satellite successfully launched on 25 July 2013, which uses the ESA‐developed Alphabus Platform and embarks other four technology demonstration payloads (TDPs). This paper presents an overview of the overall system composing the IMS, the functional architecture, main subsystems, and specific features related to the communication and propagation experiments. The ground station validation is also described, together with the description of the system test campaign, performed for functional and performance verification of the IMS. The campaign allowed to test the Q/V band communication functions and to perform the propagation experiment verification, operating the payload in loopback mode and in cross mode.
Metal–Organic Gel‐Derived FexOy/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Films for Enhanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Yang Dong‐Hui , Kong Lingjun , Zhong Ming , Zhu Jian , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe development of cost‐effective and flexible electrodes is demanding in the field of energy storage. Herein, flexible FexOy/nitrogen‐doped carbon films (FexOy/NC‐MOG) are prepared by facile electrospinning of Fe‐based metal–organic gels (MOGs) followed by high‐temperature carbonization. This approach allows the even mixing of fragile coordination polymers with polyacrylonitrile into flexible films while reserving the structural characteristics of coordination polymers. After thermal treatment, FexOy/NC‐MOG films possess uniformly distributed FexOy nanoparticles and larger accessible surface areas than traditional FexOy‐NC films without MOG. Taking advantage of the unique structure, FexOy/NC‐MOG exhibits a superior rate performance (449.8 mA h g−1 at 5000 mA g–1) and long cycle life (629.3 mA h g–1 after 500 cycles at 1000 mA g–1) when used as additive‐free anodes in lithium‐ion batteries.
Bio‐Orthogonal T Cell Targeting Strategy for Robustly Enhancing Cytotoxicity against Tumor Cells
Authors: Li Wenjun , Pan Hong , He Huamei , Meng Xiaoqing , Ren Qian , Gong Ping , Jiang Xin , Liang Zhenguo , Liu Lanlan , Zheng Mingbin , Shao Ximing , Ma Yifan , Cai Lintao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractT cells can kill tumor cells by cell surface immunological recognition, but low affinity for tumor‐associated antigens could lead to T cell off‐target effects. Herein, a universal T cell targeting strategy based on bio‐orthogonal chemistry and glycol‐metabolic engineering is introduced to enhance recognition and cytotoxicity of T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Three kinds of bicycle [6.1.0] nonyne (BCN)‐modified sugars are designed and synthesized, in which Ac4ManN‐BCN shows efficient incorporation into wide tumor cells with a BCN motif on surface glycans. Meanwhile, activated T cells are treated with Ac4GalNAz to introduce azide (N3) on the cell surface, initiating specific tumor targeting through a bio‐orthogonal click reaction between N3 and BCN. This artificial targeting strategy remarkably enhances recognition and migration of T cells to tumor cells, and increases the cytotoxicity 2 to 4 times for T cells against different kinds of tumor cells. Surprisingly, based on this strategy, the T cells even exhibit similar cytotoxicity with the chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell against Raji cells in vitro at the effector: target cell ratios (E:T) of 1:1. Such a universal bio‐orthogonal T cell‐targeting strategy might further broaden applications of T cell therapy against tumors and provide a new strategy for T cell modification.
Models of polymer physics for the architecture of the cell nucleus
Authors: Esposito Andrea , Annunziatella Carlo , Bianco Simona , Chiariello Andrea M. , Fiorillo Luca , Nicodemi Mario 
Published: December 2018

The depth and complexity of data now available on chromosome 3D architecture, derived by new technologies such as Hi‐C, have triggered the development of models based on polymer physics to explain the observed patterns and the underlying molecular folding mechanisms. Here, we give an overview of some of the ideas and models from physics introduced to date, along with their progresses and limitations in the description of experimental data. In particular, we focus on the Strings&Binders and the Loop Extrusion model of chromatin architecture.This article is categorized under:
Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Assessment of the non-surgical treatment of patients with rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the oncology department
Authors: Lima Meyline Andrade , Moraes Eduardo Dias de , Saito Elisa Yumi , Barros Daniela Galvao , Malta Pamela Souza Almeida , Oliva Isabela Maria Alves de Almeida , Mendes Carlos Ramon Silveira 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjective To describe the partial results of a study in patients with rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy regarding the rate of complete clinical response, disease-free survival, anorectal function, and quality of life.Material and methods This was a prospective study from June 2015 to June 2018, in patients with low- or mid-rectum adenocarcinoma and clinical stage II or III, treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy (IMRT 54 Gy for six weeks) concomitant with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 380 mg/m2 and folinic acid (LV) 20 mg/m2 for five days in the first and fifth weeks and two cycles after radiotherapy (5-FU 400 mg/m2 and LV 20 mg/m2) every 28 days. After the treatment, clinical examination, rectosigmoidoscopy, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, chest and upper abdomen computed tomography, and CEA testing were performed. Resection surgery was performed in those with incomplete clinical response (iCR). Those with complete clinical response (cCR) are under observation (wait-and-see policy). Manometry and scintigraphic function and quality of life scales were collected before treatment and at 30 and 90 days after the end of treatment.Results As of June 2018, 11 patients were recruited. One was excluded from the analysis for presenting severe toxicity, suggestive of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency, after the first chemotherapy cycle. All others completed the treatment. Two patients presented toxicity grade 3/4 related to chemotherapy and had their doses reduced. Seven patients (70%) presented iRC; three underwent rectosigmoidectomy, and the anatomopathological evaluation indicated complete pathological response in two cases (28.5%). Three (30%) presented cCR and did not present evidence of disease after a mean follow-up of 19 months. Patients presented improvement of anorectal function and quality of life.Conclusions Advances in the neoadjuvant treatment of rectal tumors contributed to better rates of complete pathological responses. New paradigms promote an increase in the complete clinical response rates, which would allow organ preservation and consequent reduction of surgical morbidity.
Challenges and opportunities in cyber weapon norm construction
Authors: Eggenschwiler Jacqueline , Silomon Jantje 
Published: December 2018

Over the past two decades, cyber weapons have become a topic of increasing scholarly attention. The spread of offensive cyber capabilities among state and non-state actors has given rise to calls for more formal procedures concerning their acquisition, use and transfer. Despite Stuxnet being the only cyber weapon to date demonstrating destructive capability in theatre, there has been widespread unease among public and private actors. The spread of offensive cyber capabilities among state and non-state actors has given rise to calls for more formal procedures concerning their acquisition, use and transfer. However, even against the background of potentially far-reaching effects on civilian and economic infrastructures, consensus on how to regulate cyber weapons appears hard to come by. Jacqueline Eggenschwiler and Jantje Silomon of the University of Oxford explore the opportunities related to cyber weapons norm construction, examining the academic literature and policy documents and detailing the challenges.
Dispersion effects on performance of free-electron laser based on laser wakefield accelerator
Authors: Feng Ke , Yu Changhai , Liu Jiansheng , Wang Wentao , Zhang Zhijun , Qi Rong , Fang Ming , Liu Jiaqi , Qin Zhiyong , Wu Ying , Chen Yu , Ke Lintong , Wang Cheng , Li Ruxin 
Published: December 2018

In this study, we investigate a new simple scheme using a planar undulator (PU) together with a properly dispersed electron beam ($e$ beam) with a large energy spread (${\sim}1\%$) to enhance the free-electron laser (FEL) gain. For a dispersed $e$ beam in a PU, the resonant condition is satisfied for the center electrons, while the frequency detuning increases for the off-center electrons, inhibiting the growth of the radiation. The PU can act as a filter for selecting the electrons near the beam center to achieve the radiation. Although only the center electrons contribute, the radiation can be enhanced significantly owing to the high-peak current of the beam. Theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that this method can be used for the improvement of the radiation performance, which has great significance for short-wavelength FEL applications.
Calculation of molecular line intensity in stellar atmospheres
Authors: Barbuy B. , Trevisan J. , de Almeida A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMolecular line intensity calculations are not a straightforward task. We present a description of the basics for including molecular lines in synthetic spectra and of the input data needed. We aim both at describing ways in which molecular lines are computed in the context of photospheres of F–G–K stars, and to present a new online available version of our code for spectrum synthesis of cool stars. We apply calculations to molecular bands in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared main features, and comparisons with spectra of reference stars are shown. We provide user-friendly tools for the free use of the code Pfant. The code is available athttp://trevisanj.github.io/PFANT.
Late Quaternary micromammals and the precipitation history of the southern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Faith J. Tyler , Chase Brian M. , Avery D. Margaret 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe southern Cape of South Africa is important to understanding regional climate because it straddles the transition between the winter and summer rainfall zones. We examine late Quaternary changes in rainfall seasonality and aridity through analysis of micromammal assemblages from three sites: Boomplaas Cave and Nelson Bay Cave in the aseasonal rainfall zone and Byneskranskop 1 in the winter rainfall zone. Our interpretation is based on analysis of 123 modern micromammal assemblages accumulated by barn owls (Tyto alba), which empirically links species composition to climate. The Pleistocene record (∼65 to 12 ka) from Boomplaas Cave, together with the last glacial maximum (LGM) samples from Nelson Bay Cave, indicates enhanced winter rainfall, especially during the LGM. Boomplaas Cave documents progressive aridification from the LGM to the earliest Holocene, followed by a return to moderately humid conditions through the Holocene. Byneskranskop 1 indicates a dominance of winter rains over the last 17 ka and a shift from an arid middle Holocene to a humid later Holocene. Agreement between the micromammal record and other local and regional proxies reinforces the potential of southern African micromammal assemblages as paleoclimate indicators.
Pepys Island as a Pacific stepping stone: the struggle to capture islands on early modern maps
Authors: PARKER KATHERINE 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper will investigate how geographic features were recorded on maps in the eighteenth century in order to outline the construction of geographic knowledge by British mapmakers. Due to practical and economic factors, early modern cartography was a conservative practice based on source compilation and comparison. For the Pacific region especially, the paucity of first-hand observations and the conflicting nature of those observations rendered the world's largest ocean difficult to chart and prone to the retention of mythical continents, passages and islands. After a discussion of the practical and economic reasons why geographic features were difficult to revise on maps, the article focuses on a case study to show how geographic enigmas could be placed and persist. It will use Pepys Island to illustrate the ways in which a chimeric feature could become instilled in geographic parlance.
Une laïcité à géométrie variable. Les glissements idéologiques du champ politique français au début du 21èmesiècle (2002–2012)
Authors: Lindner Kolja 
Published: December 2018

RésuméLe présent article propose une analyse des transformations récentes de la laïcité française, observées à partir d’un changement dans la hiérarchisation des différentes normes laïques. Après un retour sur le dispositif juridique et historique de la laïcité et sur son interprétation comme « libéralisme ambigu » (Jean-Pierre Machelon), nous mettons en lumière le rapport particulier qu’elle entretient avec l’islam. Une deuxième partie est consacrée à la période 2002-2012 et particulièrement à l’action politique de l’ancien ministre de l’Intérieur puis Président de la République Nicolas Sarkozy. Nous reconstruisons trois étapes de transformation : de la « nouvelle laïcité » à la « laïcité falsifiée » en passant par la laïcité dite « positive ».