bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotically optimal bound on the adjacent vertex distinguishing edge choice number
Authors: Kwaśny Jakub , Przybyło Jakub 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn adjacent vertex distinguishing edge coloring of a graph G without isolated edges is its proper edge coloring such that no pair of adjacent vertices meets the same set of colors in G. We show that such coloring can be chosen from any set of lists associated to the edges of G as long as the size of every list is at least , where Δ is the maximum degree of G and C is a constant. The proof is probabilistic. The same is true in the environment of total colorings.
Effect of Morphologically Different Conductive Agents on the Performance of Silicon Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Madzvamuse Alfred , Hamenu Louis , Mohammed Latifatu , Ko Jang Myoun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe performance of electrochemical electrodes, is largely dependent on the extent of efficient electrical contacts between particles, and secondly, between the current collector and the particles, amongst other factors. We report on the electrical conductivity of silicon anode electrodes that have been prepared by using conductive agents with different morphological properties. Super P® Li (SP), VGCF®‐H vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCF), and their mixture were incorporated separately into the anode electrode to observe their distinctive resultant performance. The morphological characterization was done using scanning electron microscopy whilst the electrochemical properties of the prepared electrodes were characterized by electrical resistivity test, cyclic voltammetry, charge/discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The combination of VGCF®‐H and Super P® Li, results in improved performance of the anode, due to their synergistic interactions which reduce the effects encountered during the failure of the silicon anode electrode caused by large volume changes. These findings unlock new opportunities for the exploration and development of other morphologically useful conductive agents to improve silicon anode in lithium ion batteries.
Folic Acid‐Navigated and β‐Cyclodextrin‐Decorated Carbon‐Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles as the Nanotheranostic Platform for Controlled Release of 5‐Fluorouracil
Authors: Kasprzak Artur , Gunka Katarzyna , Fronczak Maciej , Bystrzejewski Michał , Poplawska Magdalena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe theranostic probe based on carbon‐encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINs) is presented. First, the conjugates of CEINs and polyethylenimine (PEI) were obtained to modify the surface of CEINs with amino groups. It was archived either by means of direct radical addition of PEI to CEINs (CEINs‐NH‐PEI material) or the amidation‐type reaction between CEINs∼COOH and the polymer (CEINs∼CONH‐PEI material obtained). β‐Cyclodextrin (βCD) was selected as the drug delivery vector. βCD was covalently anchored to the PEI‐functionalized CEINs via the 1,1’‐carbonyldiimidazole‐mediated reaction. The synthesis included the conjugation of folic acid (FA; targeting ligand) to CEINs via the carbodiimide‐mediated amidation‐type process. The innovative method for excluding a side process of the FA@βCD complex formation during the FA conjugation to PEI, was developed. 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) was chosen as the representative drug molecule. 5‐FU was anchored to the CEINs∼PEI∼βCD∼FA nanoplatforms employing the host‐guest chemistry of βCD. The success of the reactions was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. The content of anchored organic compounds depends on the type of linkage between PEI and CEINs. Additionally, 5‐FU release profile was examined at various pH. The highest release of 5‐FU was observed at pH 9.0, whilst the lowest at pH 4.7. This work sheds a new light on application of carbon‐encapsulated iron nanoparticles in nanomedicine as the novel drug delivery theranostic systems.
Correlation between Mechanical Strength of Amorphous TiO2 Nanotubes and Their Solid State Crystallization Pathways
Authors: Gao Zhonghui , Hao Zhangxiang , Yi Min , Huang Ying , Xu Yiming , Zhao Ying , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Xu Baixiang , Liu Porun , Wang Feng Ryan , Huang Yunhui , Zhao Huijun , Yang Xianjin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDeveloping TiO2 crystals with specific morphologies and nanostructured architectures is highly desirable in energy storage, conversion and catalysis applications. Thermally activated amorphous‐to‐crystal transition provides effective growth of poly or monocrystalline TiO2, while an in‐depth understanding of different crystallization pathways at the solid state is still lacking. Herein, we report a close correlation between mechanical strength of the TiO2 precursors and their different crystallization pathways. Two different morphologies, i. e., well‐defined anatase TiO2 single nanocrystals and anatase polycrystalline nanotubes are obtained via rapid heating of two amorphous TiO2 precursors with distinctive mechanical strengths. The mechanical‐strength‐dependent crystallization from amorphous solid‐state precursors provides additional control on the crystallization pathway and thus the desirable properties of the resultant nanostructures. In this study, the well‐defined anatase nanocrystals with controlled morphology show higher storage capacity of sodium ion than that of polycrystalline ones in sodium ion batteries.
What is the more common method of obtaining velocity measurements in carotid artery studies: a 60° insonation angle versus a convenient insonation angle?
Authors: Cassin Mitchell , Quinton Ann 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionStenosis of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) increases the risk of stroke. ICA stenosis is routinely assessed with Doppler ultrasound. The current need for diagnostic imaging accuracy and unity is invaluable. Limits are in place to complete ultrasound examinations using insonation angles of 60° or less. The diagnostic community is separated into two groups: (1) those that use a constant 60° angle and (2) those that use an angle of 60° or less.MethodsA pilot study was undertaken where a survey was circulated throughout a single private company with 19 sonographers of varying experience participating. The aim was to evaluate the most common method of ICA Doppler insonation used.ResultsResults depicted discontinuity among sonographers with 52.6% utilising a constant Doppler angle of 60° and 47.4% using a convenient angle. Eighty percent with >10 years use a convenient angle, 80% with 5 to 10 years use a constant 60°, and sonographers with 1 to 5 years' experience were more evenly split with 43% utilising a constant 60° and 57% using a convenient angle.DiscussionTrends between experience and method were established. Further research with larger numbers to ascertain why sonographers choose a particular method is warranted.
Preventing Male Mental Illness in Post-war Britain
Authors: Haggett Ali 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Ali Haggett extends the boundaries of previous work, exploring the discourse around gender and prevention of mental illness in Britain from the 1950s. The chapter examines how important information about health and well-being was communicated to men, and in turn, how men conceptualised their own psychological well-being. Drawing on a range of printed primary sources and archival material, the chapter explores the medical, political and cultural context within which men and women negotiated ideas about their own well-being in post-war Britain. It argues that, for a range of complex reasons and competing exigencies, male mental health was almost entirely neglected—both reflecting and reinforcing prevailing assumptions about masculinity, coping and the image of the ‘strong, silent man’.
‘They May Strike Back at Society in a Vengeful Manner’: Preventing the Psychological Scars of Acne in Post-war America
Authors: Ferguson Iain 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Following the Second World War, adolescent medicine emerged in the United States as a speciality focussed on addressing the physical, social and psychological problems of teenagers. While acne had been thought of as an inevitable consequence of maturation, the focus on teen health transformed the condition into a high priority. In particular, a deluge of medical studies raised concerns over the potentially serious psychological implications for teenage acne sufferers. Seeking to lessen the emotional impact of the condition, health professionals employed treatments such as tranquillisers commonly used for treating psychiatric patients, surgical techniques to minimise scarring and alternative therapies like hypnotherapy. The chapter argues that adolescent acne was not only constructed as a threat to the emotional well-being of teenage Americans (and thus the social order of the United States), but was also portrayed as an ailment which had to be overcome at all costs.
Secondary Minerals
Authors: Nanzyo Masami , Kanno Hitoshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis chapter introduces secondary minerals such as clay minerals, hydroxides and oxides in soils. Clay minerals, which are major secondary minerals in soils, are phyllosilicates that have 1:1 or 2:1 type layers. The 1:1 type minerals are kaolinite and halloysite. The 2:1 type minerals are smectite, vermiculite, micaceous minerals, and chlorite. Gibbsite and manganese oxides are introduced as examples of hydroxides and oxides, respectively. This chapter also constitutes the basic part of treatment of the inorganic constituents in soils. Secondary minerals have an effect on the chemical, physical, and biological functions of soils. As the size of secondary minerals is approximately 2 μm or less, electron micrographs and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are effective for characterizing these minerals. Schematic diagrams are used to interpret the chemical structure of phyllosilicate clay minerals.
Inorganic Soil Constituents Sensitive to Varying Redox Conditions
Authors: Nanzyo Masami , Kanno Hitoshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInorganic soil constituents sensitive to varying redox conditions, such as hydrated iron oxide, vivianite, siderite, iron (II) sulfides, and jarosite, are analyzed using optical and electron microscopes, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Many of these minerals are sourced from paddy field soils, which undergo reducing and oxidizing conditions in the plow layer every year. Iron mottles formed at the soil redox interface in the presence of reducing and oxidizing conditions provide significant visual evidence of varying redox conditions in soil. Polished sections were used to examine the elemental distributions and morphological properties of the mottles. One type of iron mottles is formed around rice roots by oxygen diffusion from the roots. They are cylindrical in form and include soil matrix minerals. Other type of iron mottles is formed on the surfaces of irregular or vesicular pores by oxygen diffusion through soil pores after drainage. These mottles contain few soil matrix minerals. In association with iron, the distribution of phosphate is strongly affected by changes in redox conditions in paddy field soils with low active Al content.
Building the Prestige of Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis: From a Little Known to an Internationally Recognized Journal
Authors: Krotkiewski Hubert , Górski Andrzej , Zimecki Michał 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis (AITE) was founded in 1953 by Ludwik Hirszfeld, a world famous Polish physician and scientist in the field of microbiology and immunology. Initially, AITE was published in Polish, but within a few years, it changed to English to increase the range and number of international readers. In its over 65 year history, AITE has had several Editors and a number of Publishers. In the period 1977–1991, AITE was listed in the system of scientific information Current Contents/Life Sciences, but for several years, its impact on the international readership of the Journal was negligible. The political and economic crisis in Poland in late 1980s led to serious delays in printing of successive AITE issues, so the Journal was removed from the Current Contents. Year 1991 was a turning point for the Journal, guided since then by prof. Dubowska-Inglot, who changed its image and format, and allowed acceptance of review articles. In 1999, prof. Górski became the Editor-in-Chief, giving a new impulse for further development of the Journal. In a consequence, AITE was accepted to Science Citation Index Expanded (in 2001) and to Institute for Scientific Information Master Journal List (in 2002). Eventually, AITE has evolved to become a truly international, multidisciplinary journal, publishing original articles, and reviews relating to basic and clinical immunology, experimental therapy, immunogenetics, transplantology, microbiology, immunochemistry, as well as bioethics. Currently, AITE is cited in a number of major scientific information databases. Since 2011, the Journal is published by Springer Publishing House, it has achieved international recognition with its latest impact factor (for 2017) of 3.018. AITE, whose Editors are professors of Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, strengthens the status and position of the Institute as one of the leading scientific institutions in Poland.
Altered bile acid profile in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Relationship to neuroimaging and CSF biomarkers
Authors: Nho Kwangsik , Kueider‐Paisley Alexandra , MahmoudianDehkordi Siamak , Arnold Matthias , Risacher Shannon L. , Louie Gregory , Blach Colette , Baillie Rebecca , Han Xianlin , Kastenmüller Gabi , Jia Wei , Xie Guoxiang , Ahmad Shahzad , Hankemeier Thomas , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Weiner Michael W. , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Saykin Andrew J. , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the Alzheimer Disease Metabolomics Consortium
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionBile acids (BAs) are the end products of cholesterol metabolism produced by human and gut microbiome co‐metabolism. Recent evidence suggests gut microbiota influence pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) including neuroinflammation and amyloid‐β deposition.MethodSerum levels of 20 primary and secondary BA metabolites from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 1562) were measured using targeted metabolomic profiling. We assessed the association of BAs with the “A/T/N” (amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration) biomarkers for AD: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, atrophy (magnetic resonance imaging), and brain glucose metabolism ([18F]FDG PET).ResultsOf 23 BAs and relevant calculated ratios after quality control procedures, three BA signatures were associated with CSF Aβ1‐42 (“A”) and three with CSF p‐tau181 (“T”) (corrected P < .05). Furthermore, three, twelve, and fourteen BA signatures were associated with CSF t‐tau, glucose metabolism, and atrophy (“N”), respectively (corrected P < .05).DiscussionThis is the first study to show serum‐based BA metabolites are associated with “A/T/N” AD biomarkers, providing further support for a role of BA pathways in AD pathophysiology. Prospective clinical observations and validation in model systems are needed to assess causality and specific mechanisms underlying this association.
AMYPAD Diagnostic and Patient Management Study: Rationale and design
Authors: Frisoni Giovanni B. , Barkhof Frederik , Altomare Daniele , Berkhof Johannes , Boccardi Marina , Canzoneri Elisa , Collij Lyduine , Drzezga Alexander , Farrar Gill , Garibotto Valentina , Gismondi Rossella , Gispert Juan‐Domingo , Jessen Frank , Kivipelto Miia , Lopes Alves Isadora , Molinuevo José Luis , Nordberg Agneta , Payoux Pierre , Ritchie Craig , Savicheva Irina , Scheltens Philip , Schmidt Mark E. , Schott Jonathan M. , Stephens Andrew , van Berckel Bart , Vellas Bruno , Walker Zuzana , Raffa Nicola 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionReimbursement of amyloid–positron emission tomography (PET) is lagging due to the lack of definitive evidence on its clinical utility and cost‐effectiveness. The Amyloid Imaging to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease–Diagnostic and Patient Management Study (AMYPAD‐DPMS) is designed to fill this gap.MethodsAMYPAD‐DPMS is a phase 4, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study. Nine hundred patients with subjective cognitive decline plus, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia possibly due to Alzheimer's disease will be randomized to ARM1, amyloid‐PET performed early in the diagnostic workup; ARM2, amyloid‐PET performed after 8 months; and ARM3, amyloid‐PET performed whenever the physician chooses to do so.EndpointsThe primary endpoint is the difference between ARM1 and ARM2 in the proportion of patients receiving a very‐high‐confidence etiologic diagnosis after 3 months. Secondary endpoints address diagnosis and diagnostic confidence, diagnostic/therapeutic management, health economics and patient‐related outcomes, and methods for image quantitation.Expected ImpactsAMYPAD‐DPMS will supply physicians and health care payers with real‐world data to plan management decisions.
Instruments and methods: a case study of ice core bubbles as strain indicators
Authors: Fegyveresi John M. , Alley Richard B. , Voigt Donald E. , Fitzpatrick Joan J. , Wilen Lawrence A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMeasurements of a sample from ~580 m depth in the WAIS Divide (WDC06A) ice core reveal that bubbles are preferentially elongated in the basal plane of their parent grain, as expected if bubble shape preserves the record of dominant basal glide. This suggests that a method using bubbles as strain gauges could provide insights to grain-scale ice deformation. We introduce a technique using fabric and image analyses of paired thin and thick sections. Comparison of the crystallographic orientations of 148 grains and the shape orientations of 2377 intragrain bubbles reveals a strongly preferred elongation of bubbles in the grain basal planes (R2 = 0.96). Elongation magnitudes are consistent with a balance between ice flow deformation and diffusive restoration, with larger bubbles more elongated. Assuming bubbles record ice strain, grains with greater resolved stress on their basal planes from the far-field ice flow stresses show greater deformation, but with large variability suggesting that heterogeneity of the local stress field causes deformation even in unfavorably oriented grains. A correlation is also observed among bubble elongation, grain size, and bubble size, explaining a small but significant fraction of the variance ( P< 0.05), with implications for controls on ice deformation, as discussed here.
Saliva cortisol responses to altered plasma PUFA patterns in guinea pigs
Authors: Nemeth Matthias , Millesi Eva , Wagner Karl-Heinz , Wallner Bernard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPUFA modulate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity and cortisol concentrations and therefore affect physiological stress responses and the regulation of energy balance in the short- and long-term. Especially dietary intake ofn-3 PUFA and a loweredn-6:n-3 ratio are highly encouraged due to beneficial and diminishing effects on basal cortisol secretions. However, the time of such effects to occur and how plasma PUFA patterns affect cortisol concentrations in the short-term was rarely investigated. In order to address this, we supplemented forty male and forty female guinea pigs with diets high in the essential PUFAα-linolenic acid (ALA, 18 : 3n-3) and linoleic acid (LA, 18 : 2n-6) for 20 d. Saliva cortisol concentrations in relation to altering plasma PUFA patterns during this time span were analysed in a repeated measurement design both during basal conditions (individual housing) in 5-d intervals and during stressful social confrontations. We detected very fast plasma PUFA accumulation rates, corresponding to the major dietary PUFA, which resulted in plasma PUFA plateau phases after 10 d. ALA negatively and LA positively affected saliva cortisol concentrations throughout the study. A positive effect of the plasman-6:n-3 ratio on saliva cortisol concentrations was detected during peak plasma PUFA accumulations and social confrontations, while no effects were detected in relation to plasma PUFA plateau phases. These results suggest that the plasman-6:n-3 ratio diminishes HPA axis activity during altered physiological conditions only and highlights the importance of altering plasma PUFA patterns for HPA axis functions and the control of energy balance and physiological stress.
An Inverse Result of Approximation by Sampling Kantorovich Series
Authors: Costarelli Danilo , Vinti Gianluca 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the present paper, an inverse result of approximation, i.e. a saturation theorem for the sampling Kantorovich operators, is derived in the case of uniform approximation for uniformly continuous and bounded functions on the whole real line. In particular, we prove that the best possible order of approximation that can be achieved by the above sampling series is the order one, otherwise the function being approximated turns out to be a constant. The above result is proved by exploiting a suitable representation formula which relates the sampling Kantorovich series with the well-known generalized sampling operators introduced by Butzer. At the end, some other applications of such representation formulas are presented, together with a discussion concerning the kernels of the above operators for which such an inverse result occurs.
Saline injection to determine the volume required for personalised patulous Eustachian tube augmentation with long-standing material
Authors: Jančatová D , Zeleník K , Komínek P , Formánek M 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThere is currently no general consensus on patulous Eustachian tube management. Injection of autologous fat, cartilage or hydroxylapatite has been described for Eustachian tube occlusion, with promising results. However, complete resolution of symptoms is not achieved in all cases. This could be connected to the amount of material injected into the surroundings of the Eustachian tube, as this greatly differs among existing studies. Identifying the appropriate volume of injected material could be challenging because anatomical conditions vary among patients, and there is always a risk of chronic Eustachian tube obstruction and its related complications when too much long-standing material is injected.Case reportA case is presented wherein saline was injected under local anaesthesia to determine the volume required and to predict the success of patulous Eustachian tube augmentation with long-standing material.ConclusionThis approach could allow more personalised treatment and help identify patients likely to benefit from the procedure.