bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the barriers and exploring the possibilities of the organic livestock sector in dehesa agroforestry systems: a multi-actor approach for effective diagnosis
Authors: Horrillo Andrés , Gaspar Paula , Mesías Francisco J. , Elghannam Ahmed , Escribano Miguel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe dehesa agroforestry system is classified as one of the most singular ecosystems in the European Union. In the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, it spreads over an area of approximately 6.7 million hectares, contributing major environmental, cultural, aesthetic and economic value to the region. The main agricultural activity that is developed in this ecosystem is the extensive farming of cattle, sheep and Iberian pigs with low stocking density and few inputs. Sustainable management of these ecosystems' existing production farms is essential in order to secure their continuity, as they face a difficult situation on account of their low profitability. One of the strategies that could be employed to attain a sustainable situation is the proposition of an organic production model. In order to explore this option, a participatory research process has been proposed and developed in the Spanish region called Extremadura (Spain). The aim of this process is to investigate the potential of extensive farming systems in moving toward a sustainable organic production model, identifying the main barriers preventing livestock farmers from converting to the organic model and seeking specific improvement measures that would reduce such barriers. For that purpose, four focus group sessions were run with a total of 33 participating stakeholders. For the analysis of these focus groups, Atlas.ti qualitative software was used to categorize and quantify the main ideas proposed during the sessions. The findings revealed that the main barriers can be classified into three groups: barriers that are inherent to the production processes and the structure of the specific sector, barriers associated with administration and management issues and lastly, barriers relating to education and training of the various actors involved. We consider this paper may contribute to policy makers' decisions to focus on specific actions for improvement that are customized for the socio-economic and environmental conditions of the region.
The Age, Origin, and Emplacement of the Tsiknias Ophiolite, Tinos, Greece
Authors: Lamont Thomas N. , Roberts Nick M.W. , Searle Michael P. , Gopon Phillip , Waters David J. , Millar Ian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Tsiknias Ophiolite, exposed at the highest structural levels of Tinos, Greece, represents a thrust sheet of Tethyan oceanic crust and upper mantle emplaced onto the Attic‐Cycladic Massif. We present new field observations and a new geological map of Tinos, integrated with petrology, THERMOCALC phase diagram modeling, U–Pb geochronology and whole rock geochemistry, resulting in a tectonothermal model that describes the formation and emplacement of the Tsiknias Ophiolite and newly identified underlying metamorphic sole. The ophiolite comprises a succession of partially dismembered and structurally repeated ultramafic and gabbroic rocks that represent the Moho Transition Zone. A plagiogranite dated by U‐Pb zircon at 161.9 ± 2.8 Ma, reveals that the Tsiknias Ophiolite formed in a suprasubduction zone setting, comparable to the “East‐Vardar Ophiolites,” and was intruded by gabbros at 144.4 ± 5.6 Ma. Strongly sheared metamorphic sole rocks show a condensed and inverted metamorphic gradient, from partially anatectic amphibolites at P‐T conditions of ~8.5 kbar 850–600 °C, downstructural section to greenschist‐facies oceanic metasediments over ~250 m. Leucosomes generated by partial melting of the uppermost sole amphibolite, yielded a U‐Pb zircon protolith age of ~190 Ma and a high‐grade metamorphic‐anatectic age of 74.0 ± 3.5 Ma associated with ophiolite emplacement. The Tsiknias Ophiolite was therefore obducted ~90 Myr after it formed during initiation of a NE dipping intraoceanic subduction zone to the northeast of the Cyclades that coincides with Africa's plate motion changing from transcurrent to convergent. Continued subduction resulted in high‐pressure metamorphism of the Cycladic continental margin ~25 Myr later.
RBX1 prompts degradation of EXO1 to limit the homologous recombination pathway of DNA double-strand break repair in G1 phase
Authors: Xie Ying , Liu Yi-Ke , Guo Zong-Pei , Guan Hua , Liu Xiao-Dan , Xie Da-Fei , Jiang Yi-Guo , Ma Teng , Zhou Ping-Kun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
End resection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to form 3′ single-strand DNA (ssDNA) is critical to initiate the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DSB repair. HR pathway is strictly limited in the G1-phase cells because of lack of homologous DNA as the templates. Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) is the key molecule responsible for 3′ ssDNA formation of DSB end resection. We revealed that EXO1 is inactivated in G1-phase cells via ubiquitination-mediated degradation, resulting from an elevated expression level of RING-box protein 1 (RBX1) in G1 phase. The increased RBX1 significantly prompted the neddylation of Cullin1 and contributed to the G1 phase-specific degradation of EXO1. Knockdown of RBX1 remarkedly attenuated the degradation of EXO1 and increased the end resection and HR activity in γ-irradiated G1-phase cells, as demonstrated by the increased formation of RPA32, BrdU, and RAD51 foci. And EXO1 depletion mitigated DNA repair defects due to RBX1 reduction. Moreover, increased autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at S2056 was found to be responsible for the higher expression level of the RBX1 in the G1 phase. Inactivation of DNA-PKcs decreased RBX1 expression, and simultaneously increased EXO1 expression and DSB end resection in G1-phase cells. This study demonstrates a new mechanism for restraining the HR pathway of DNA DSB repair in G1 phase via RBX1-prompted inactivation of EXO1.
12 new susceptibility loci for prostate cancer identified by genome-wide association study in Japanese population
Authors: Takata Ryo , Takahashi Atsushi , Fujita Masashi , Momozawa Yukihide , Saunders Edward J. , Yamada Hiroki , Maejima Kazuhiro , Nakano Kaoru , Nishida Yuichiro , Hishida Asahi , Matsuo Keitaro , Wakai Kenji , Yamaji Taiki , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro , Sasaki Makoto , Shimizu Atsushi , Tanno Kozo , Minegishi Naoko , Suzuki Kichiya , Matsuda Koichi , Kubo Michiaki , Inazawa Johji , Egawa Shin , Haiman Christopher A. , Ogawa Osamu , Obara Wataru , Kamatani Yoichiro , Akamatsu Shusuke , Nakagawa Hidewaki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified ~170 genetic loci associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but most of them were identified in European populations. We here performed a GWAS and replication study using a large Japanese cohort (9,906 cases and 83,943 male controls) to identify novel susceptibility loci associated with PCa risk. We found 12 novel loci for PCa including rs1125927 (TMEM17, P = 3.95 × 10−16), rs73862213 (GATA2, P = 5.87 × 10−23), rs77911174 (ZMIZ1, P = 5.28 × 10−20), and rs138708 (SUN2, P = 1.13 × 10−15), seven of which had crucially low minor allele frequency in European population. Furthermore, we stratified the polygenic risk for Japanese PCa patients by using 82 SNPs, which were significantly associated with Japanese PCa risk in our study, and found that early onset cases and cases with family history of PCa were enriched in the genetically high-risk population. Our study provides important insight into genetic mechanisms of PCa and facilitates PCa risk stratification in Japanese population.
Characterizing rare and low-frequency height-associated variants in the Japanese population
Authors: Akiyama Masato , Ishigaki Kazuyoshi , Sakaue Saori , Momozawa Yukihide , Horikoshi Momoko , Hirata Makoto , Matsuda Koichi , Ikegawa Shiro , Takahashi Atsushi , Kanai Masahiro , Suzuki Sadao , Matsui Daisuke , Naito Mariko , Yamaji Taiki , Iwasaki Motoki , Sawada Norie , Tanno Kozo , Sasaki Makoto , Hozawa Atsushi , Minegishi Naoko , Wakai Kenji , Tsugane Shoichiro , Shimizu Atsushi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Okada Yukinori , Murakami Yoshinori , Kubo Michiaki , Kamatani Yoichiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHuman height is a representative phenotype to elucidate genetic architecture. However, the majority of large studies have been performed in European population. To investigate the rare and low-frequency variants associated with height, we construct a reference panel (N = 3,541) for genotype imputation by integrating the whole-genome sequence data from 1,037 Japanese with that of the 1000 Genomes Project, and perform a genome-wide association study in 191,787 Japanese. We report 573 height-associated variants, including 22 rare and 42 low-frequency variants. These 64 variants explain 1.7% of the phenotypic variance. Furthermore, a gene-based analysis identifies two genes with multiple height-increasing rare and low-frequency nonsynonymous variants (SLC27A3 and CYP26B1; PSKAT-O < 2.5 × 10−6). Our analysis shows a general tendency of the effect sizes of rare variants towards increasing height, which is contrary to findings among Europeans, suggesting that height-associated rare variants are under different selection pressure in Japanese and European populations.
microRNA arm-imbalance in part from complementary targets mediated decay promotes gastric cancer progression
Authors: Zhang Zhengyi , Pi Jingnan , Zou Dongling , Wang Xiaoshuang , Xu Jiayue , Yu Shan , Zhang Ting , Li Feng , Zhang Xianxie , Zhao Hualu , Wang Fang , Wang Dong , Ma Yanni , Yu Jia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStrand-selection is the final step of microRNA biogenesis in which functional mature miRNAs are generated from one or both arms of precursor. The preference of strand-selection is diverse during development and tissue formation, however, its pathological effect is still unknown. Here we find that two miRNA arms from the same precursor, miR-574-5p and miR-574-3p, are inversely expressed and play exactly opposite roles in gastric cancer progression. Higher-5p with lower-3p expression pattern is significantly correlated with higher TNM stages and poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. The increase of miR-574-5p/-3p ratio, named miR-574 arm-imbalance is partially due to the dynamic expression of their highly complementary targets in gastric carcinogenesis, moreover, the arm-imbalance of miR-574 is in turn involved and further promotes gastric cancer progression. Our results indicate that miR-574 arm-imbalance contribute to gastric cancer progression and re-modification of the miR-574-targets homeostasis may represent a promising strategy for gastric cancer therapy.
Non-enzymatic roles of human RAD51 at stalled replication forks
Authors: Mason Jennifer M. , Chan Yuen-Ling , Weichselbaum Ralph W. , Bishop Douglas K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe central recombination enzyme RAD51 has been implicated in replication fork processing and restart in response to replication stress. Here, we use a separation-of-function allele of RAD51 that retains DNA binding, but not D-loop activity, to reveal mechanistic aspects of RAD51’s roles in the response to replication stress. Here, we find that cells lacking RAD51’s enzymatic activity protect replication forks from MRE11-dependent degradation, as expected from previous studies. Unexpectedly, we find that RAD51’s strand exchange activity is not required to convert stalled forks to a form that can be degraded by DNA2. Such conversion was shown previously to require replication fork regression, supporting a model in which fork regression depends on a non-enzymatic function of RAD51. We also show RAD51 promotes replication restart by both strand exchange-dependent and strand exchange-independent mechanisms.
Homozygous receptors for insulin and not IGF-1 accelerate intimal hyperplasia in insulin resistance and diabetes
Authors: Li Qian , Fu Jialin , Xia Yu , Qi Weier , Ishikado Atsushi , Park Kyoungmin , Yokomizo Hisashi , Huang Qian , Cai Weikang , Rask-Madsen Christian , Kahn C. Ronald , King George L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInsulin and IGF-1 actions in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are associated with accelerated arterial intima hyperplasia and restenosis after angioplasty, especially in diabetes. To distinguish their relative roles, we delete insulin receptor (SMIRKO) or IGF-1 receptor (SMIGF1RKO) in VSMC and in mice. Here we report that intima hyperplasia is attenuated in SMIRKO mice, but not in SMIGF1RKO mice. In VSMC, deleting IGF1R increases homodimers of IR, enhances insulin binding, stimulates p-Akt and proliferation, but deleting IR decreases responses to insulin and IGF-1. Studies using chimeras of IR(extracellular domain)/IGF1R(intracellular-domain) or IGF1R(extracellular domain)/IR(intracellular-domain) demonstrate homodimer IRα enhances insulin binding and signaling which is inhibited by IGF1Rα. RNA-seq identifies hyaluronan synthase2 as a target of homo-IR, with its expression increases by IR activation in SMIGF1RKO mice and decreases in SMIRKO mice. Enhanced intima hyperplasia in diabetes is mainly due to insulin signaling via homo-IR, associated with increased Has2 expression.
Manipulating energy migration within single lanthanide activator for switchable upconversion emissions towards bidirectional photoactivation
Authors: Mei Qingsong , Bansal Akshaya , Jayakumar Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan , Zhang Zhiming , Zhang Jing , Huang Hua , Yu Dejie , Ramachandra Chrishan J. A. , Hausenloy Derek J. , Soong Tuck Wah , Zhang Yong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReliance on low tissue penetrating UV or visible light limits clinical applicability of phototherapy, necessitating use of deep tissue penetrating near-infrared (NIR) to visible light transducers like upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). While typical UCNPs produce multiple simultaneous emissions for unidirectional control of biological processes, programmable control requires orthogonal non-overlapping light emissions. These can be obtained through doping nanocrystals with multiple activator ions. However, this requires tedious synthesis and produces complicated multi-shell nanoparticles with a lack of control over emission profiles due to activator crosstalk. Herein, we explore cross-relaxation (CR), a non-radiative recombination pathway typically perceived as deleterious, to manipulate energy migration within the same lanthanide activator ion (Er3+) towards orthogonal red and green emissions, simply by adjusting excitation wavelength from 980 to 808 nm. These UCNPs allow programmable activation of two synergistic light-gated ion channels VChR1 and Jaws in the same cell to manipulate membrane polarization, demonstrated here for cardiac pacing.
Solid-state polymer electrolytes for high-performance lithium metal batteries
Authors: Choudhury Snehashis , Stalin Sanjuna , Vu Duylinh , Warren Alexander , Deng Yue , Biswal Prayag , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractElectrochemical cells based on alkali metal anodes are receiving intensive scientific interest as potentially transformative technology platforms for electrical energy storage. Chemical, morphological, mechanical and hydrodynamic instabilities at the metal anode produce uneven metal electrodeposition and poor anode reversibility, which, are among the many known challenges that limit progress. Here, we report that solid-state electrolytes based on crosslinked polymer networks can address all of these challenges in cells based on lithium metal anodes. By means of transport and electrochemical analyses, we show that manipulating thermodynamic interactions between polymer segments covalently anchored in the network and “free” segments belonging to an oligomeric electrolyte hosted in the network pores, one can facilely create hybrid electrolytes that simultaneously exhibit liquid-like barriers to ion transport and solid-like resistance to morphological and hydrodynamic instability.
Trophic networks improve the performance of microbial anodes treating wastewater
Authors: Koch Christin , Huber Katharina J. , Bunk Boyke , Overmann Jörg , Harnisch Falk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicrobial anodes represent a distinct ecological niche that is characterized mainly by the terminal electron acceptor, i.e., the anode potential, and the substrate, i.e., the electron source. Here, we determine the performance and the biofilm community of anode microbiomes while using substrates of increasing complexity (organic acids or organic acids and sugar or real domestic wastewater) to mimic different, practically relevant, trophic levels. α-Diversity values increased with substrate complexity. In addition, the higher abundance value of Deltaproteobacteria in the biofilms corresponds to higher reactor performance (i.e., COD removal, current density, and Coulombic efficiency). In reactors exploiting real wastewater, the diversity of the planktonic microorganisms was only little affected. Microbiome network analysis revealed two important clusters for reactor performance as well as performance-independent pathogen-containing clusters. Interestingly, Geobacter was not found to be integrated in the network underlining its outstanding individual ecological role in line with its importance for the efficiency of the electron harvest for all reactors. The microbiome analysis of different trophic levels and their temporal development from initial colonization to stable treatment demonstrate important principles for the implementation of microbial anodes for wastewater treatment.
A three-dimensional finite element analysis of mechanical function for 4 removable partial denture designs with 3 framework materials: CoCr, Ti-6Al-4V alloy and PEEK
Authors: Chen Xin , Mao Bochun , Zhu Zhuoli , Yu Jiayi , Lu Yuqing , Zhang Qianqian , Yue Li , Yu Haiyang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a new material used for the frameworks of removable partial dentures (RPD). The questions whether the PEEK framework has similar stress distribution on oral tissue and displacement under masticatory forces as titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) or cobalt-chromium alloy (CoCr) remain unclear and worth exploring. A patient’s intraoral data were obtained via CBCT and master model scan. Four RPDs were designed by 3Shape dental system, and the models were processed by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Among three materials tested, PEEK has the lowest maximum von Mises stress (VMS) on periodontal ligament (PDL), the greatest maximum VMS on mucosa, the maximum displacement on free-end of framework, and the lowest maximum VMS on framework. Results suggested that PEEK framework has a good protective effect on PDL, suggesting applications for patients with poor periodontal conditions. However, the maximum displacement of the free-end under masticatory force is not conducive for denture stability, along with large stress on the mucosa indicate that PEEK is unsuitable for patients with more loss of posterior teeth with free-end edentulism.
Locally aggressive monostotic fibrous dysplasia of the cervical spine mimicking malignancy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Milon Audrey , Polivka Marc , Larousserie Fréderique , Lot Guillaume , Ziza Jean-Marc , Laredo Jean-Denis 
Published: September 2019

We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with histologically proven monostotic fibrous dysplasia of C2 revealed by a pathological fracture of the odontoid process. Radiological investigations showed a ground-glass mineralization of the vertebral body, a centimetric lytic area with poorly defined margins involving the inferior part of the vertebral body and inferior endplate and a fracture through an osteolytic area in the base of the odontoid process.
Owing to the vertebral instability, a surgical procedure combining C0–C5 fixation and posterior bone grafting was performed. The surgical biopsy was inconclusive and pathological confirmation was finally obtained through a percutaneous needle biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance. At 26-month follow-up, the patient still experienced mild persistent cervical posterior neck pain and stiffness possibly related to a C5–6 laxity below the intervertebral fixation.
This case combines three radiological findings, which are unusual in fibrous dysplasia: monostotic presentation involving the spine, some aggressive radiographic features, and a pathological fracture.
Analyse der Anwendung der intraoperativen photodynamischen Diagnostik beim Harnblasenkarzinom
Authors: Albarghouth Mohamad Hatem , Hamza Amir 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die photodynamische Diagnostik (PDD) findet weit verbreitet Anwendung zur Diagnostik und Therapie der oberflächlichen Harnblasenkarzinome. Wir untersuchten diese Methode hinsichtlich ihres Effekts auf die Rezidiv-Rate, Residualtumor-Rate und das progressionsfreie Überleben.
Material und Methoden Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Studie mit einem Kollektiv von 98 Patienten, die im Zeitraum von 10/2014 bis 02/2018 wegen eines primären Harnblasentumors entweder per WL-TURB (Weißlicht-transurethrale Resektion des Harnblasentumors) (49 Patienten) oder BL-TURB (Blaulicht-transurethrale Resektion des Harnblasentumors) mit PDD (49 Patienten) operiert wurden. Die Patienten wurden bis Ende des ersten Beobachtungsjahres auf das Auftreten von Tumorrezidiven geprüft. Weiterhin wurden das 3-Monats- sowie 1-Jahres-rezidivfreie-Überleben sowie das 1 Jahres-progressionsfreie-Überleben unter der neuen Definition der Progression nach EORTC-Risikoklassifizierung von Sylvester 2006 bestimmt. Zudem wurde die Residualtumor-Rate bei der Nachresektion dargestellt.
Ergebnisse Es konnten folgende Ergebnisse unabhängig vom Alter, Geschlecht und histologischen Befund dargestellt werden.: Residualtumor: Blaulicht-Gruppe 13,95 % vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 32,6 %, (p 0,02, OR 3,8, CI 95 % [1,17 – 12,85]); 3-Monats-rezidivfreies-Überleben: Blaulicht-Gruppe 87,7 % vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 67,4 % (p 0,02, HR 3,18, CI 95 % [1,20 – 8,42]); 1-Jahres-rezidivfreies-Überleben: Blaulicht-Gruppe 77,6 % vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 55,1 % (p 0,015. HR 2,56, CI 95 % [1,20 – 5,45]); 1-Jahres-progressionfreies-Überleben: Blaulicht-Gruppe 95,9 % vs. Weißlicht-Gruppe 79,6 %, p 0,03. HR 5,23, CI 95 % [1,11 – 24,53]).
Schlussfolgerung Bei der Verwendung von Hexaminolevulinat im Vergleich mit der Weißlichtzystoskopie wird das Risiko für Residualtumoren signifikant gesenkt. Das 3- sowie 12-Monats-rezidivfreie Überleben, insbesondere bei Tumoren mit niedrigem- sowie mittlerem Risiko und das 1-Jahres-progressionsfreie-Überleben, insbesondere bei den Hoch-Risiko-Tumoren, werden signifikant verlängert.