bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation of alveolar bone healing in rats with Low Level-Level Laser and LED
Authors: Luna Cássia Alves de Lima , Couto Marina Fadul Neves do , Alves Mauro Sérgio Almeida , Hage Caio de Andrade , Chaves Rosa Helena de Figueiredo , Guimarães Douglas Magno 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The present study investigates the potential contribution of Photobiomodulation (PBM) to the regeneration of the bone following the extraction of the first mandibular molar in rats. The study evaluates the efficacy of PBM, using both Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Light-Emitting Diode Therapy (LEDT), as promotors of osteoblastic activity and the formation of new bone. Study design, setting, and sample: 45 male Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups of 15 individuals – (i) control group (left lower molar removed only), (ii) the LLL group (molar removed, followed by LLLT), and (iii) the LED group (molar removed, followed by LEDT). Each of these groups was divided into three subgroups of five rats, which were monitored for 7, 14 or 28 days following the extraction of the tooth. For analysis, the bone of the right mandibular hemiarch was extracted and the specimens were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Microscopic morphological analysis revealed that the LED therapy had promoted greater bone remodeling activity at 7 and 14 days post-extraction, whereas the LLLT promoted the generation of more mature bone tissue, but more slowly overall. The quantitative analysis revealed a significant increase in the area of bone activity and the osteoblast count in both PBM groups in comparison with the control. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation, using eitherlow-level laser or LED therapy, is effective for both bone regeneration and osteoblast activity following dental injury in rats. While the LED therapy initially presented higher levels of remodeling activity, the laser produced more mature bone tissue over time. These findings indicate that PBM is a promising therapeutic alternative for healing bone, with the potential for the improvement of postoperative outcomes in dental practise.
Trends in the Incidence of Strock among Jiande Residents, 2014-2023
Authors: Weiqing Wang , Wanrong Zhong , Lian Fang , Yani Wang , Ye Junsen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In recent years, the incidence rate (IR) of stroke has been on the rise annually. Heterogeneity in Stroke Incidence and Prognosis Reports in China in Recent 10 Years. The reporting procedures of medical institutions in Jiande City have been standardized since 2014, leading to a marked improvement in the quality of data reporting. This study aims to examine the characteristics and temporal trends of stroke incidence among residents of Jiande City from 2014 to 2023. Utilizing stroke incidence data sourced from the city's cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event registration system, the annual crude incidence rate (IR) was determined using the resident population of the monitoring area as the denominator. The age-standardized IR was calculated using the sixth national census data as the standard population. Furthermore, the annual percentage change (APC), annual average percent change (AAPC) and its trend were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model. After 2018, the IR of stroke among rural inhabitants was significantly higher than that among urban inhabitants (P=0.017). The IR for both males (APC = 9.01) and females (APC = 8.04) showed an increasing trend, with no significant difference in the trend between genders (P=0.154). The age-specific IR of stroke in the urban population aged 30-44 years increased by 10.32% from 2014 to 2023 (P=0.006). Additionally, in rural areas, the age-specific IR of stroke for the 46-59 age group increased at an annual rate of 8.58% from 2014 to 2023 (P<0.001).
Evaluating the Impact of Jamming on Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A QoS Perspective
Authors: Dhamodharan Sathiya , Vadivel Sharmila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are critical in applications requiring real-time, decentralized communication, such as environmental monitoring, smart cities, and military operations. However, WSNs face challenges from security threats, particularly jamming attacks, and performance issues related to routing efficiency. This paper provides an analysis of routing protocols including AODV, OLSR, and GRP, evaluating them under jamming conditions to determine impacts on Quality of Service (QoS) metrics such as throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio (PDR). Findings reveal that protocol choice significantly affects network resilience, making strategic selection vital for security-sensitive applications. Performance and Security Analysis of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) under Jamming Conditions Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) enable decentralized, real-time communication essential for applications in diverse fields such as environmental monitoring, healthcare, and military operations. Despite their advantages, WSNs are susceptible to unique challenges including energy efficiency, routing complexities, and security vulnerabilities. Jamming attacks pose a specific threat by disrupting network communication, impacting performance metrics crucial for applications requiring reliable data transmission. This study investigates the resilience of WSN routing protocols to jamming, with a focus on enhancing security and maintaining QoS under adverse conditions.
Evaluation of a biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis derived from a hypomethylated DNA signature of human motor neurons
Authors: Harvey Calum , Nowak Alicja , Zhang Sai , Moll Tobias , Weimer Annika K , Barcons Aina Mogas , Souza Cleide Dos Santos , Ferraiuolo Laura , Kenna Kevin , Zaitlen Noah , Caggiano Christa , Shaw Pamela J , Snyder Michael P , Mill Jonathan , Hannon Eilis , Cooper-Knock Johnathan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lacks a specific biomarker, but is defined by relatively selective toxicity to motor neurons (MN). As others have highlighted, this offers an opportunity to develop a sensitive and specific biomarker based on detection of DNA released from dying MN within accessible biofluids. Here we have performed whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of iPSC-derived MN from neurologically normal individuals. By comparing MN methylation with an atlas of tissue methylation we have derived a MN-specific signature of hypomethylated genomic regions, which accords with genes important for MN function. Through simulation we have optimised the selection of regions for biomarker detection in plasma and CSF cell-free DNA (cfDNA). However, we show that MN-derived DNA is not detectable via WGBS in plasma cfDNA. In support of our experimental finding, we show theoretically that the relative sparsity of lower MN sets a limit on the proportion of plasma cfDNA derived from MN which is below the threshold for detection of WGBS. Our findings are important for the ongoing development of ALS biomarkers. The MN-specific hypomethylated genomic regions we have derived could be usefully combined with more sensitive detection methods and perhaps with study of CSF instead of plasma. Indeed we demonstrate that neuronal-derived DNA is detectable in CSF. Our work is relevant for all diseases featuring death of rare cell-types.
Physicochemical Characterization of Feces and Pseudofeces Production by Bivalve Marine Mollusks Cultivated in the South Atlantic
Authors: Silva Eliziane , Gomes Carlos Henrique Araújo de Miranda , Garbossa Luis Hamilton Pospissil , de Melo Claudio Manoel Rodrigues , Lapa Katt Regina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In order to comprehend carrying capacity of environments conducive to mollusk cultivation, investigations into the chemical properties and determination of biodeposit production rates are imperative. The aim of our study was to conduct physicochemical characterizing the biodeposits production from marine bivalve mollusks in the North and South bays of Santa Catarina Island, observing the rate of production of feces and pseudofeces and C, N e P the biodeposits of Perna perna and Crassostrea gigas. Feces and pseudofeces were gathered utilizing an individual chamber system, facilitating controlled seawater flow at a rate of 500 mL.min⁻¹. Organisms were individually accommodated within these chambers, and biodeposits were amassed over a two-hour period. A total of 130 animals were utilized for the study (60 individuals of C. gigas and 70 individuals of P. perna), across 13 collections, between December 2021 and April 2022. We quantified the production rates of feces, pseudofeces, total phosphorus, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen. The results provide insight into the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of the environment on the production rates of feces and pseudofeces, as well as the concentrations of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen in the biodeposits produced by the animals cultivated at each sampling site. The outcomes of this study facilitate the determination of biodeposit production rates and the chemical characterization of feces and pseudofeces from scientific species, thereby advancing research concerning environmental carrying capacity and striving for the sustainability of malacoculture in Santa Catarina.
Cloning and Functional Analysis of EgrZHD5, a ZF-HD Transcription Factor in Eucalyptus, Reveals Its Role in Flowering Time and Xylem Development
Authors: Gao Jiahui , Zhang Shuang , Wei Haoyu , Yu Ruen , Wang Xuejun , Zeng Bingshan , Liu Guanjun , Fan Chunjie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The ZF-HD gene family in plants plays a critical role in growth and development. Through transcriptome sequencing of Eucalyptus grandis, transitioning from primary to secondary growth, we identified a differentially expressed ZF-HD gene family member, EgrZHD5 (Eucgr.H00572). Cloning and sequence analysis revealed that EgrZHD5 contains conserved zinc finger and homeobox which was typical characteristic of the ZF-HD family. Subcellular localization assays further showed that EgrZHD5 localizes to the nucleus. To explore its function, EgrZHD5 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypic analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis lines revealed enhanced primary root elongation. Additionally, compared with wild-type plants, EgrZHD5 overexpression lines exhibited early flowering, initiating bloom 6–10 days earlier. Gene expression analysis of AtFT, AtSOC1, and AtFLC in transgenic plants showed significantly increased expression levels. Furthermore, the transgenic lines displayed reduced plant height, thinner stems, and thicker xylem cell walls, primarily due to EgrZHD5 promoting early flowering through the FT pathway, which also influenced plant height and xylem thickening. This study preliminarily characterizes the function of EgrZHD5, providing a potential candidate gene for early flowering to shorten the breeding cycle of eucalyptus.
Exploring the genetic diversity and population structure of origanum (Origanum rotundifolium L.) genotypes through SCoT marker system
Authors: Karagöz Halit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Origanum rotundifolium L. is a type of origanum that has been used in folk medicine since ancient times due to its immune system strengthening effect thanks to the antioxidant enzymes it contains. This study was carried out to determine the molecular and morphological variation of Origanum rotundifolium. According to the results of this study, the findings reveal considerable variation among the genotypes in terms of FHY, DHY, DLY, LSR, NB, PH, CD, CC, and EOR parameters. It was determined that the genotypes G1, G2, G3 and G19 had superior properties compared to other genotypes. This study also explores the genetic diversity among 50 Origanum rotundifolium L. genotypes using start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism markers. Of the 25 SCoT primers tested, 10 successfully produced a total of 382 distinct and scorable bands. The number of bands generated per primer ranged from 21 to 50, with an average of 38.2 bands per primer. The average number of bands per individual was found to be 7.64. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) value across the primers was 0.448. Additionally, the average effective number of alleles (ne), gene diversity (h), and Shannon’s information index (I) were 1.5128, 0.3333, and 0.5135, respectively. Cluster analysis was conducted using Dice's genetic distance and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), which grouped the genotypes into two main clusters. Genetic structure analysis further divided the Origanum rotundifolium genotypes into five subpopulations, with an average expected heterozygosity of 0.3369. The population differentiation index (Fst) ranged from 0.0367 to 0.1281, with a mean value of 0.0839. This study is the first to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Origanum rotundifolium germplasm using the SCoT-retrotransposon marker system. The results highlight the effectiveness of SCoT markers in accurately assessing the genetic diversity of Origanum rotundifolium genotypes, offering an essential resource for future breeding and conservation strategies.
The Impact of Prenatal Amoxicillin Exposure at Different Doses, Stages, and Courses on Offspring Ovarian Development
Authors: Huang Jing , Li Yating , Zhang Ming , Wu Tiancheng , Zhang Yuanzhen , Wang Hui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Amoxicillin, a commonly used broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic in pregnancy, has sparked controversy regarding its impact on fetal growth and development. There remains a lack of systematic research on the specific influence of prenatal amoxicillin exposure (PAmE) on the ovarian development of the offspring, as well as the precise " toxicity windows ".
Methods: we established PAmE mouse models at different stages [(gestational day, GD) 10-12, GD13-15 or GD16-18], doses (75, 150 or 300 mg/kg·d), and courses (single/multiple courses). On GD18, fetal serum and ovaries were collected to assess changes in serum estradiol levels and evaluate ovarian morphology, pregranulosa cell function, and oocyte-related parameters.
Results: PAmE led to pathological damage in fetal mouse ovaries, characterized by disrupted germ cell cysts and reduced the number of germ cells. Cell proliferation was enhanced while apoptosis was reduced. Moreover, PAmE upregulated the expression of pregranulosa cell steroid synthesis-related genes (e.g., Sf1, Star, P450scc) in the fetal ovaries, particularly in the high-dose groups at all gestational stages. The expression of the oocyte marker gene Figlα increased in all PAmE groups, while follicle development-related genes (Nobox and Bmp15) were downregulated, particularly during early to mid-pregnancy and in the single-course exposure groups. Further investigation revealed that PAmE enhanced IGF1 expression in fetal ovaries and inhibited the Pten-Akt-Foxo3a signaling pathway.
Conclusions: Amoxicillin exhibits ovarian developmental toxicity, influencing fetal ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis, pregranulosa cell estrogen synthesis, oocyte numbers, and follicle assembly. This study provides evidence guiding the rational use of amoxicillin in pregnancy and assessing potential ovarian development risks.
The Role of 1-Deoxysphingolipids and Polyamines in the Pathogenesis of Placental Syndrome
Authors: Guleroglu Filiz Yarsilikal , Cetin Ali , Coskun Goknil Pelin , Caliskan Meltem , Karaduman Fulya , Bilginer Can , Misirlioglu Resat , Tekin Sinem , Al Merve Nur , Caklili Tugce , Tutar Yusuf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Placental syndrome mainly composed of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction have an impact on the health of mother and baby dyads. While impaired placentation is central to their pathophysiology, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigates the association between placental syndrome and metabolic alterations in 1-deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySLs) and polyamines, along with their regulatory enzymes.
Methods: This prospective case-control study involved 26 healthy pregnant women and 17 with placental syndrome. Blood samples were collected from maternal, uterine venous, and umbilical cord veins. Levels of 1-deoxySL, spermine, and spermidine as well as related enzymes of polyamine metabolism such as ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), polyamine oxidase (PAO), and spermine oxidase (SMO) were measured using the techniques of LC-MS and ELISA, respectively.
Results: Women with placental syndrome had significantly higher levels of 1-deoxySL, spermine, and spermidine in all blood samples compared to the healthy pregnancy group. Additionally, ODC and SSAT levels were reduced significantly in the placental syndrome group, while PAO and SMO levels showed no significant differences. Strong positive correlations were found between the studied enzymes and biomolecules in healthy pregnancies, which were notably weaker in the placental syndrome group.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates significantly altered levels of 1-deoxySL and polyamines, with corresponding enzyme activity changes, in placental syndrome compared to healthy pregnancies. The disrupted correlations between these biomolecules suggest alterations in their metabolic pathways and potential utility as biomarkers. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to elucidate their role in placental syndrome pathophysiology.
Optimizing Sentiment Classification Using Dynamic Weighted Stacking Ensemble of Pre-trained Models
Authors: Kuang Lei , Liu Mingquan , Chen Gongkui , Tang Yuchen , Duan Zilong , Li Xin , Li Peizong , Tian Jing , Han Xuewu , Li Chengjun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In the era of information explosion, sentiment classification, as a crucial task in natural language processing, is widely applied across various fields, including e-commerce, media, government, and finance. This paper proposes a dynamic weighted stacking ensemble method, integrating three pre-trained models: NeZha, XLNet, and ERNIE.The approach leverages Bayesian optimization to dynamically adjust the weights of the models. Therefore, robustness and generalization in sentiment classification tasks are improved. Experiments conducted on the SMP2020 Weibo sentiment classification dataset and the ChnSentiCorp sentiment analysis dataset confirm the effectiveness of this method. Results show that the ensemble model significantly outperforms individual models and traditional ensemble methods in terms of classification accuracy and F1 score, particularly excelling in handling complex emotional expressions. This study provides a new solution for sentiment classification tasks and demonstrates the potential of ensemble learning to enhance model performance .
Pediatric Wrist Fracture Detection Using Feature Context Excitation Modules in X-ray Images
Authors: Ju Rui-Yang , Chien Chun-Tse , Xieerke Enkaer , Chiang Jen-Shiun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Children often suffer wrist trauma in daily life, while they usually need radiologists to analyze and interpret X-ray images before surgical treatment by surgeons.The development of deep learning has enabled neural networks to serve as computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) tools to help doctors and experts in medical image diagnostics.Since YOLOv8 model has obtained the satisfactory success in object detection tasks, it has been applied to various fracture detection.This work introduces four variants of Feature Contexts Excitation-YOLOv8 (FCE-YOLOv8) model, each incorporating a different FCE module (i.e., modules of Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE), Global Context (GC), Gather-Excite (GE), and Gaussian Context Transformer (GCT)) to enhance the model performance.Experimental results on GRAZPEDWRI-DX dataset demonstrate that our proposed YOLOv8+GC-M3 model improves the mAP@50 value from 65.78% to 66.32%, outperforming the state-of-the-art (SOTA) model while reducing inference time.Furthermore, our proposed YOLOv8+SE-M3 model achieves the highest mAP@50 value of 67.07%, exceeding the SOTA performance.The implementation of this work is available at https://github.com/RuiyangJu/FCE-YOLOv8.
Five-axis material extrusion of high-performance structural parts with continuous carbon fiber-reinforced LM-PAEK
Authors: Heathman Nathaniel , DeLay Michael , Tehrani Mehran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers numerous advantages over standard manufacturing methods, such as design freedom and enabling limited production run components. Using continuous fiber-reinforced polymer composites, polymer AM can now produce end-use components with mechanical properties rivaling metals. In this paper, five-axis continuous fiber material extrusion (ME) is utilized to manufacture specimens from high-performance semi-crystalline low-melt polyaryletherketone™ (LM-PAEK™) composite. ASTM standardized testing showed record matrix-dominated and flexural properties for as-printed parts, with low porosity and high crystallinity. Annealing did not change mechanical properties or crystallinity. Additionally, steering radii specimens and a complex geometric bracket were manufactured using the full out-of-plane 3D printing capability of the five-axis equipment; subsequent X-ray computed tomography showed multiple manufacturing defects and voids when printing high-curvature rasters. Results thus pave the way for using LM-PAEK™ to replace other high-performance polymers in continuous fiber AM, although designers should take note of fiber steering in critical load-bearing structures.
S-adenosylmethionine inhibits non-small cell lung cancer and enhances chemosensitivity by targeting the P62/NF-κB axis and regulating autophagy and oxidative stress
Authors: Jin Xuehang , Zhang Lvjun , Ying Chiqing , Yu Long , Guo Xuejing , Pan Kailing , Zhu Dan , Chen Hui , Lou Yan , Qiu Yunqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key metabolite in the methionine cycle, has indicated potential for cancer therapy and enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity. However, its effects on NSCLC remain undetermined.
Methods
Cell lines and mouse models were utilized to assess the anti-tumor efficacy of SAM. We constructed biotin-labeled SAM and truncated P62 expression plasmids for further immunocoprecipitation-mass spectrometry experiments.
Results
SAM inhibits NSCLC growth and enhances chemosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SAM plays a significant regulatory role in autophagy and oxidative stress within NSCLC. Furthermore, we identified P62 as a critical target of SAM. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that P62 mediates SAM regulatory effects on NSCLC. Further study discovered that SAM inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway by directly targeting the ZZ and TB domains of the P62 protein, thereby blocking autophagy and activating oxidative stress.
Conclusions
These findings highlight SAM as a novel inhibitor of the P62/NF-κB axis and suggest that SAM could be a potential therapeutic agent for NSCLC.