bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refineries of the Future – The Refinery as an ENERGY HUB
Authors: Jansen Elisabeth 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the study of the European Petroleum Refiners Association into various pathways to produce a low-carbon liquid fuel to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity in European transport.
The European Union has set climate goals targeting 80-95 % GHG emission reductions by 2050. There is a strong focus on reducing CO2 emissions from transport fuels. Refining industry can effectively contribute by gradually transitioning to e.g. new feedstock's hence reducing product-related CO2 emissions (in combination with more efficient vehicles); integration with chemicals; further increasing CO2 efficiency in refineries and Green Hydrogen. The Concawe study explores these so-called Low-Carbon Pathways with the potential to reduce the CO2 emissions associated with the production and the use refined oil products [Concawe, 2018].
Options for CO2 emission reduction in refining are e.g. energy efficiency, low carbon electricity and carbon-capture & storage (CCS) and carbon-capture & usage (CCU). CO2 emissions savings up to 70 % towards 2050 could be possible. Other pathways explored for future refining are e.g. the use of green hydrogen and the impact of fuel quality and bio-feedstock into the refinery. The use of advanced biofuels will play a significant role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in transport.
This paper being a summary of the FuelsEurope Vision 2050 [FuelsEurope, 2018] presents the latest results of the ongoing study by Concawe showing possible pathways and CO2 reduction potential for EU refining, site-specific factors will determine individual refineries preferred routes to contribute. The principles are generally applicable to refineries in other parts of the world.
Ureaplasma urealyticum and chlamydia trachomatis among general married migrants in three cities of China: a workplace-based study
Authors: Li Yuyan , Zhou Ying , Xu Shuangfei , Zhang Junxian , Jiang Nan , Zhao Rui , Li Yiran , Wu Junqing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Genital tract infections with ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are the most frequent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The aim of this study is to understand the prevalence of UU and CT among general internal married migrants and to explore some possible influencing factors, so as to provide some evidences for STIs prevention in China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in three cities of China from March 2016 to February 2017. A total of 3180 internal-married migrants were included. The structured questionnaire survey, gynecological or andrology examination and laboratory detection were conducted by the trained research fellow s. The prevalence of UU and CT was laboratory-confirmed in this study. Results The prevalence of laboratory-confirmed UU and CT were 45.41%, 5.75%, respectively. The co-infection rate was 4.09%. The rates of UU and CT of Shanghai participants (54.01%, 7.35%) were the highest, and the lowest were that of Yinchuan (37.74%, 4.52%). In Urumqi, the prevalence of UU and CT were 44.77%, 5.42%, respectively, but it has the highest co-infection rate. The multiple stepwise logistic regressions found that the prevalence of UU among three cities were different, and the male’s UU infection was lower than that of women (OR=0.71, 95%CI:0.61-0.83), and the 20-34 age group participants had lower UU and CT risk, compared with that of 45-49 age group. Moreover, the white-collar workers had lower risk of UU infection (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.49-0.83), compared with laborer, and using condom could reduce the UU infection (OR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.63-0.87). Compared with urban migrants, the rural participants had higher risk of CT infection (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.12-2.52), and sex behavior during menstruation could increase the prevalence of CT (OR=1.49, 95%CI: 1.05-2.11). Conclusion The prevalence of UU and CT were high and the co-infection was also serious among general internal married migrants. More health promotion measures about UU and CT should be taken to help general migrants of China, especially women and those with lower social-economic status (laborers from rural area), risky sexual behaviors such as having sex during menstruation should be warned of and condom-use should be promoted.
Effects of polishing vs. glazing on dental ceramic wear: A comparative in vitro study
Authors: Abujalala Mohammed , Özden A.Nehir 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: This study analyzed the wear behavior caused by steatite antagonists to four dental ceramic materials, comparing this between two surface treatments: polishing and glazing. Methods: Thirty flat samples (10 × 8 × 2 mm) were prepared from each of four ceramics: IPS e.max CAD (IPS), GC Initial LiSi Press (LP), Vita Enamic (VE), and monolithic zirconia (MZ). Subgroups of samples were finished by polishing or glazing or neither (as controls). The samples were subjected to computer-controlled chewing simulation (240,000 cycles of 49 N at 1.6 Hz, with thermocycling at 5/55°C), with steatite balls as antagonists. The samples and antagonists were visualized before and after the test with a laser abrasion measurement system, a CAD/CAM scanner, and electron microscopy scanning, and the volumes lost from the tested samples and antagonists were analyzed.Results: For the MZ samples, the polished samples showed significantly less volume loss than the glazed samples (0.0200 mm3 vs. 0.0305 mm3; p = 0.0001), whereas there was significantly greater antagonist volume loss (0.0365 mm3 vs. 0.0240 mm3; p = 0.011). There were no significant differences between the subgroups for IPS, VE, and LP, although antagonist volume losses were non-significantly greater with the glazed samples than with the polished samples. Conclusions: Polishing MZ had adverse effects on the corresponding antagonist wear. Glazed MZ showed the lowest antagonist wear.
Effect of service integration on cervical cancer screening and family planning uptake: A uncontrolled before and after facility study in Mukono District, Uganda.
Authors: Maureen Katusiime , Ssennyonjo Aloysius , Kiwanuka Suzanne N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Cervical cancer (CACX) is the third most common cancer among women globally yet it is largely preventable. Uganda has one of the highest age standardized CACX incidence rates in the world yet it has a low screening rate ranging from 4.8 to 19% compared to the national target of 80%. Women using hormonal contraceptives over a long time are among the most at risk of CACX yet there is limited information about their screening status. In 2014, an integrated FP-CACX screening service model was implemented in Mukono district in Uganda to reduce this unmet need for both services. This study assessed whether an integrated model resulted into increased utilization of both services at health facilities in Mukono district.Methods Integration was defined as the uptake of both FP and CACX screening services during the same visit. Monthly quantitative data on service utilization was collected retrospectively from records at 7 health facilities, 36 months before and 27 months after the integration intervention. The period 2011 to 2013 defined years before while 2014 to 2016 were years after integration. Descriptive analyses and tests of significance were carried out and results were expressed in percentages, means and mean differences.Results Among 48595 women desiring FP or CACX screening in the 7 facilities for the period 2011 to 2016, 41374 (85%) opted to solely receive an FP service. CACX screening services were received solely by 937 (2%) women while 6284 (13%) received integrated services. There were significant increases in the services received solely and as a combination. Integrated services increased by 15 mean clients per month (p<0.001) from a mean number of 5 (SD±14.5) to 20 (SD±26.9) clients per month in 2016 after integration.Conclusion Integrating CACX screening with FP service provision led to significant increases in the services received solely and as a combination after integration. More research on approaches including how and when to roll out integration in different settings is needed to inform future expansion efforts for better uptake of integrated services.
Women’s perception about accessibility of safe abortion care services at selected public institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Authors: Sendo Endalew Gemechu , Dinegde Negalign Getahun , Aga Fekadu , Negassa Debela Gela , Deressa Jembere Tesfaye 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Ethiopia ratified its abortion law in 2005, primarily to reduce the incidence of unsafe abortion and the availability of safe abortion services has increased. However, service availability has not led to a significant reduction in unsafe abortion.Objective The aim of this study was to assess women’s perception about accessibility of safe abortion care services at selected public institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Method Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 432 women of reproductive age who work in non-health related public institutions. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were entered into Epi-data and cleaned and exported to SPSS version 24.0 for data analysis. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, independent-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and linear regression. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Multi-categorical independent variables were dummy coded before entering into the models. Results In this study, more than half (60.2%) of the participants reported that they had pregnancy at least once. Seventy eight respondents (18.1%) had history of previous miscarriage, among these the greater number (74.4%) has happened due to spontaneous abortion. Among the respondents studied, 283 (65.5%) of them have heard of abortion care and media was the major source of information. Closely half of (46.2%) the females who had miscarriage history were treated at governmental health institutions; followed by private clinics (35.9%) and traditional methods (6.4%). Whereas, 11.5% of them didn’t get any abortion care service. There was significant difference in mean scores of participants faced post abortion complications and treated at traditional healer, and particularly the respondents attended traditional healer makes the strongest unique contribution to explaining the perception score.Conclusion Over the past two decades, the safe abortion services has advanced and expanded increasingly in Ethiopia. However, this study indicated that significant number of women still unheard about accessibility of the safe abortion care and attending the traditional and risky procedure of care. There is an urgent need for the government and other stakeholders to provide more awareness on the accessibility and advantage of safe abortion services in the community.
Characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in women with abnormal cervical cytology: a population-based study in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Song Li , Lyu Yuanjing , Ding Ling , Li Xiaoxue , Gao Wen , Wang Ming , Hao Min , Wang Zhilian , Wang Jintao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is widely known as the major cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer and it’s characteristics vary greatly in different population. Women with abnormal cervical cytology could increase the risk of cervical cancer, however, HR-HPV infection characteristics in women with abnormal cervical cytology remains unclear. Methods: This study was based on baseline survey of the CIN Cohort established in Shanxi Province, China. A total number of 2300 women with cervical abnormalities were enrolled in this study. All participants gave informed consent and agreed to HPV and thinprepcytologic test (TCT). Each individual completed a questionnaire about characteristics related to HPV infection. Results: The overall prevalence of HR-HPV in 2300 women was 32.0%, and the proportion of single and multiple HR-HPV infections were 70.2% and 29.8% in HR-HPV infection women, respectively. The top five HR-HPV genotypes were ranked as HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV53 and HPV51. The prevalence of HR-HPV in atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and above(HSIL+) were 30.8%, 36.5% and 54.9%, respectively, showing an increasing trend with the severity of cervical cytology ( χ 2 trend =13.952; p <0.001). The women aged 35~45 years, with lower education level, less frequency of bathing, multiple gravidity, multiple parity, history of gynecological diseases and premenopausal women were prone to HR-HPV infection. Conclusions: We defined the characteristics related to HR-HPV infection in abnormal cervical cytology women, and provided an insight for the development and deeply research of HPV vaccine.
DTIRF: Predicting Drug-Target Interactions Based on Improved Rotation Forest from Drug Molecular Structure and Protein Sequence
Authors: Wang Lei , You Zhu-Hong , Li Li-Ping , Yan Xin , Zhang Wei , Wang Hai-Feng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The identification and prediction of Drug-Target Interaction (DTI) is the basis for screening drug candidates, which plays a vital role in the development of innovative drugs. However, due to the time-consuming and high cost constraints of biological experimental methods, traditional drug target identification technologies are often difficult to develop on a large scale. Therefore, in silico methods are urgently needed to predict drug-target interactions in a genome-wide manner. Results: In this article, we design a new in silico approach, named DTIRF, to predict the DTI combine feature weighted Rotation Forest (FwRF) classifier with protein amino acids information. More specifically, we first use Position-Specific Score Matrix (PSSM) to numerically convert protein sequences and utilize Pseudo Position-Specific Score Matrix (PsePSSM) to extract their features. Then a unified digital descriptor is formed by combining molecular fingerprints representing drug information. Finally, the feature weighted rotation forest is applied to implement on Enzyme, Ion Channel, GPCR, and Nuclear Receptor data sets. The results of the five-fold cross-validation experiment show that the prediction accuracy of this approach reaches 91.68%, 88.11%, 84.72% and 78.33% on four benchmark data sets, respectively. To further validate the performance of the DTIRF, we compare it with other excellent methods and Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. In addition, 7 of the 10 highest predictive scores in predicting novel DTIs were validated by relevant databases. Conclusions: The experimental results of cross-validation indicated that DTIRF is feasible in predicting the relationship among drugs and target, and can provide help for the discovery of new candidate drugs.
In maintenance hemodialysis patients, there were “U-shaped” relationships between serum albumin level and mortality or hospitalization, negative linear relationship between serum albumin level and hospitalization for infection.
Authors: Jia Xiaoyan , Chen Ping , Wang Xue , Kong Xianglei , Chen Juan , Liu Yipeng , Zhao Na , Zhang Ying , Wei Yong , Wang Li , Wang Zunsong , Xu Dongmei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Few studies are available on the non-linear association between serum albumin (S-Alb) level and prognosis in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: All stable MHD patients treated in our center from 2007 to 2011 were enrolled into this study. Demographics, laboratory data, hospitalization and mortality were collected; Cox regressive models were fitted to investigate predicting outcomes, restricted cubic splines (RCS) were allowing for non-linear association between S-Alb and prognosis. Results: S-Alb was independent protective factor for mortality, all-cause hospitalization, hospitalization for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease and hospitalization for infection. The relationships between S-Alb and mortality, all-cause hospitalization, hospitalization for cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease were U-shaped; relationships between S-Alb and hospitalization for infection were negative linear relationships both in univariable Cox regression models and in multivariable Cox regression. Conclusions: In MHD population, there were “U-shaped” relationships between serum albumin level and mortality or hospitalization; the potential risks associated with excessive S-Alb should been taken into consideration. There was negative linear relationship between S-Alb and hospitalization for infection, S-Alb may be even more important in preventing infection in MHD population.
Baicalein neutralizes hypercholesterolemia-induced aggravation of oxidative injury in rats
Authors: Alsaad Abdulaziz MS , Almalki Mohammed S , Almutham Ibrahim , Alahmari Abdulwahab A , Alsulaiman Mohammed , Al-Rejaie Salim Saleh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases through triggering oxidative and pro-inflammatory cascades. Baicalein (BL) is a natural flavone with multiple therapeutic properties. Thus, the present study aims to highlight the protective value associated with BL supplementation in hypercholesterolemic rats.
Keywords : hypercholesterolemia, baicalein, inflammation, oxidative stress
Methods: In this context, animals were fed for sex weeks on high cholesterol diet (HCD) then BL oral treatments in two doses (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) was started and continued for four weeks. In serum, lipid profile, liver enzymes, cardiac enzymes, renal markers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL10), caspase-3, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin-2 (PG-2) levels were estimated. In renal, hepatic and cardiac cells, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured.
Results: In hypercholesterolemic animals, the altered levels of lipoproteins, aminotransferases, creatine kinases and urea were significantly corrected by BL. Inflammatory and apoptosis biomarkers were also markedly attenuated in HCD groups following BL treatment. Hypercholesterolemia considerably evoked the lipid peroxidation product, TBARS, and oxidative radicals in cardiac, hepatic and renal tissues, which were attenuated by BL treatment, particularly the 50 mg/kg/day dose. BL improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) following their suppression in HCD groups. In addition, the histological alterations induced by cholesterol overload in the cardiac, hepatic and renal tissues were ameliorated by BL supplementation.
Conclusions: As a conclusion, the up-regulated oxidative damage, inflammation and necrosis observed within the hypercholesterolemic animals could be enhanced by co-administration BL. Activation of the cellular antioxidant enzymes alone with suppression of inflammatory cytokines may be involved to mediate these prominent effects.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of skilled assistance seeking for maternal healthcare services and associated factors among Women in West shoa zone, Oromia, Region, Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Tefera Eden Girmaye , Abdisa Fikadu Wondimu , Erena Maru Mossisa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Access to skilled health services during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum is crucial element which promotes the health and wellbeing of the mother and new born. The aim of the study was to assess women’s knowledge, attitude and practice of skilled assistance seeking for maternal healthcare services in West Shoa zone. Methods: A community based cross sectional quantitative design was conducted in West Shoa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia in 2017. A multistage, random sampling technique was used to select women who had birth in the past one year preceding the study. Interviewed administered structured questionnaire were used to collect the data. A total of 654 women were involved in this study. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20 statistical software package. Pre-tested and structured questionnaires were used to collect the data by trained data collectors. Logistic regression model was used to control the confounding variables at p-value< 0.05. Results: Out of 654 respondents, 416 (63.6%) delivered at health facilities and 268 (36.4%) at home. Skilled assistance seeking for maternal health services was significantly associated with mother’s education (AOR=3.0, 95%CI=1.18-7.84), mother’s access to maternal health information (AOR=3.1, 95% CI=1.13-8.41). Women’s awareness was significantly associated with antenatal‐care attendance (AOR 1.9) and institutional delivery (AOR 3.1). Women who had experience obstetric problems were twice seek skilled provider than those who had not had complications (AOR=2.3, 95%CI=1.39-3.75. P-value=0.001). Women who experiences complications seek a skilled postnatal care more likely compared with those who did not have such characters (AOR=2.2, 95%CI=1.35-3.66. P-value=0.002). Conclusion: The study revealed that low practice of sought care from skilled providers. Hence, it is highly recommended to improve the socioeconomic factors such as maternal literacy, availability of transport facility in case of emergency referral and service availability may increase care seeking from health facilities. Keywords: Skilled assistance, Seeking and Maternal healthcare services.