bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perilaku pencarian dan pengobatan pasien tuberculosis di Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Wulan Susilo 
Published: July 2019

Latar Belakang: Penemuan kasus yang tidak efisien menjadikan batu sandungan dalam keberhasilan penemuan kasus TB khususnya dalam hal pola pencarian pengobatan dimana beberapa terjadi keterlambatan dalam pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku pencarian pengobatan selama masa pre treatment, treatment, dan strategy coping yang dilakukan oleh pasien TB di kota Bengkulu.
Metode: Menggunakan studi dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada pasien TB Paru yang berobat di Puskesmas se-Kota Bengkulu. Teknik pengambilan sample menenggunakan metode Probability Proprotional to Size dan diperoleh sample sebanyak 71 orang.
Hasil: Karakteristik responden 53.5% berusia di atas 43 tahun, 53.5% berjenis kelamin laki-laki, 46.5% tingkat pendidikan SLTA dan lainnya, 87.3% bekerja pada sektor informal, 50.7% memiliki jaminan kesehatan, 59.1% memilki penghasian rendah. Perilaku pengobatan selama masa pre treatment 53.5% mengunjungi fasilitas kesehatan swasta,. Faktor jarak dan waktu tunggu yang lama menjadi alasan pasien tidak mengunjungi puskesmas/RS umum. Selama masa treatment pada fase intensif dan lanjutan frekuensi waktu kunjungan 53.5% setiap 2 minggu sekali, dengan total waktu kunjungan kurang dari 60 menit, menggunakan kendaraan pribadi, 50.8% izin /libur bekerja saat mengambil obat dengan ditemani anggota rumah tangga sebagai bentuk dukungan keluarga terhadap pasien. Pengeluaran kesehatan yang timbul akibat TB 60.6% bersumber dari pasien sendiri. 33.3% melakukan usaha coping dengan meminjam 30.4% dan menjual asset (13%). 47.6% pinjaman berasal dari keluarga dekat dengan nilai rata-rata pinjaman kurang dari satu juta rupiah.
Kesimpulan: Perilaku pencarian dan pengobatan pasien TB di Kota Bengkulu menunjukkan pasien tidak langusng mendatangi fasilitas kesehatan umum saat gejala TB dirasakan, sehingga terjadi keterlambatan dalam pencarian pengobatan selain itu keterbatasan sumber daya mengakibatkan rumah tangga melakukan coping strategy untuk membiayai TB melalui penjualan aset dan pinjaman.
Kata Kunci: Coping Strategy, Perilaku Pencarian Pengobatan, Pre Treatment, Treatment
Hubungan asupan natrium, kalium; indeks masa tubuh, lingkar pinggang dengan tekanan darah pria dewasa muda
Authors: Malinti Evelin , Elon Yunus 
Published: July 2019

Hubungan asupan natrium, kalium; indeks masa tubuh, lingkar pinggang dengan tekanan darah pria dewasa muda
Evelin Malinti 1. Yunus Elon 2
1 2 Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Advent Indonesia
Email: evelin.malinti@unai.edu

Abstrak
Latar belakang: Peningkatan tekanan darah pada usia muda meningkatkan resiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Kondisi obesitas dan kecendrungan diet tinggi natrium dan rendah kalium menjadi penyebab peningkatan tekanan darah pada usia muda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi hubungan antara asupan natrium-kalium, indeks masa tubuh, dan lingkar pinggang dengan tekanan darah.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan cross sectional design menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk mendapatkan responden yang sesuai kriteria inklusi.
Hasil: Data deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa responden memiliki asupan natrium yang cukup tinggi dan asupan kalium rendah. Sebagian besar responden memiliki IMT normal, namun 36% IMT tergolong overweight dan obesitas, sedangkan dari segi lingkar pinggang, responden memiliki ukuran lingkar pinggang normal. Berdasarkan tekanan darah sistolik sebagian besar responden tergolong memiliki tekanan darah normal (56%), elevated (36%), HT-1 (4%), dan HT-2 (4%). Berdasarkan tekanan darah diastolik, responden yang memiliki tekanan darah normal (28%), HT-1 (60%), dan HT-2 (12%). Hasil uji bivariat menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara asupan natrium, kalium, dan lingkar pinggang dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik p>.05. Sedangkan hubungan antara IMT dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik p<.05.
Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara asupan natrium, kalium, dan lingkar pinggang dengan tekanan darah, dan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara IMT dengan tekanan darah. Pria dewasa muda perlu melakukan usaha mengontrol tekanan darah dengan mencapai IMT yang ideal dan memperhatikan angka kecukupan asupan natrium dan kalium.

Kata Kunci: asupan natrium, asupan kalium, IMT, lingkar pinggang, tekanan darah
Hubungan karakteristik individu beban kerja dan shift kerja terhadap kelelahan kerja pada pekerja dibagian produksi PT. Supravisi Rama Optik Karawang
Authors: Hapis Abul Ainin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK
PT. Supravisi Rama Optik Mfg merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang pembuatan lensa kacamata yang dikembangkan oleh perusahaan Polycore Optical. PT. Supravisi Rama Optik Mfg. terletak di kawasan industri komplek Resinda, Jalan Karawang Spoor Desa Purwadana Kecamatan Teluk Jambe Karawang Barat. Pabrik terletak diatas tanah seluas 29.350 m². Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan antara karakteristik individu, beban kerja dan shift kerja terhadap kelelahan kerja di PT. Supravisi Rama Optik Mfg Tahun 2018.
Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pekerja bagian produksi di PT. Supravisi Rama Optik Karawang yang berjumlah 83 Pekerja, dengan menggunakan alat ukur kuesioner Subjective Self Rating Test (SSRT).
Hasil analisa uji multivariat didapatkan bahwa variabel yang memiliki pengaruh paling dominan adalah beban kerja. Hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai p-value 0,000 maka dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kelelahan kerja dengan beban kerja, dengan nilai OR 8,862 artinya beban kerja pekerja bagian produksi dengan beresiko tinggi memiliki risiko 8,86 kali mengalami kelelahan kerja dibandingkan dengan variabel shift kerja.
Disarankan kepada perusahaan untuk mengadakan pelatihan tentang beban kerja dan kelelahan kerja dalam bekerja dan untuk pekerja dapat mengikuti program kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja oleh pihak perusahaan serta menggunakan waktu istirahat dengan sebaik-baiknya agar kelelahan kerja yang dialami dapat teratasi.
Faktor penggunaan siklamat pada penjual minuman di Sekolah Dasar wilayah kecamatan Telanaipura kota Jambi
Authors: Dewi Ratna Sari 
Published: July 2019

Latar Belakang : Siklamat merupakan salah satu komponen yang sering ditambahkan dalam bahan makanan, penggunaan siklamat di sejumlah negara telah dilarang, namun di indonesia masih diperbolehkan dengan batas maksimal penggunaan yang telah ditentukan. Berdasarkan hasil suvei awal yang dilakukan peneliti dengan menguji sampel minuman di beberapa sekolah dasar wilayah kecamatan telanaipura kota jambi sebanyak 7 sampel terdapat sebanyak 57% minuman yang dijual mengandung siklamat. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penjual minuman yang menggunakan siklamat dan yang berhubungan dengan faktor-faktor penggunaan siklamat pada penjual minuman di sekolah dasar wilayah kecamatan telanaipura kota jambi, yang dilaksanakan bulan Juli s/d Agustus 2018.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Cross sectional, selanjutnya untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel dilakukan uji statistik dengan Chi-square.

Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukan dari 33 sampel minuman yang diuji terdapat sebanyak 24,2% minuman yang mengandung siklamat. Selain itu, sebanyak 21 responden (63,6%) memiliki tingkat pengetahuan rendah, 19 responden (57,6%) memiliki sikap negatif, 6 responden (18,2%) mempunyai akses mendapatkan siklamat mudah, dan 29 responden (87,9%) mengatakan petugas kesehatan berperan.
Kesimpulan: Adapun faktor yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan siklamat adalah akses (p-value=0,020) dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan (p-value 0,206) sikap (p-value 0,098) peran petugas kesehatan (p-value 0,241) dengan penggunaan siklamat pada penjual minuman di sekolah dasar wilayah kecamatan telanaipura kota jambi.

Saran: Disarankan untuk sekolah melakukan pengawasan internal (evaluasi) menggunakan lapor terkait kantin sekolah dan peran puskesmas untuk memberikan edukasi dan sosialisasi kepada penjual agar penjual paham tentang siklamat yang bertujuan supaya penjual minuman yang masih menggunakan siklamat tidak menggunakannya kembali.

Kata Kunci: siklamat, pengetahuan, sikap, akses.
The Effectiveness of Golden Sea Cucumber Ethanol Extract on The Expression of Endoglin in The Maturation Phase of Healing Mice With Traumatic Ulcers
Authors: Sari Rima Parwati , Wahjuningsih Endah 
Published: July 2019

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong><em>The traumatic ulcer is the most common oral soft tissue lesion that</em><em> cause physiologic dissorder (pain) in patients, so it need a medicine to improving healing processs.</em><em>Stichopus hermanii contains glycosaminoglyca</em><em>ns, omega-3 and other agents</em><em> that accelerate </em><em>wound</em><em> healing. Their influence againts </em><em>signaling cell for proliferation and angiogenic for healing procce. </em><em>Endoglin plays in a number of cellu- lar processes and the elevated expression during wound</em> healing.<em> <strong>Purpose: </strong>Knowing the effectivity of ethanol extract of Stichopus hermanii towards the </em><em>expression on </em><em>traumatic ulcer maturation phase in oral mucosa. </em><strong><em>Materials and Methods:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>The research subjects were forty eight wistar rats divided into 6 groups. Traumatic ulcer was made in the center-rat’s-labial-mucosa. The X<sub>1 </sub>group was smeared with sterilized aquades as the control group. The X<sub>2 </sub>wassmeared with 0,2% hialuronic acid, X<sub>3</sub> with 60% ethanol extract, and X</em><em><sub>4</sub></em><em> with 80% ethanol extract. They were smeared once a day during 4 days. On the sixth day, the rat’s labial mucosa was biopsied to make histological preparation in order to study the amount of fibroblast. <strong>Results: </strong>Kruskal-Wallis test showed </em><em>not</em><em> significant difference (p=0,000) after applying Stichopus hermanii extract</em><em> for expression of endoglin in</em><em> <strong>Conclusions: </strong>ethanol extract</em><em>Stichpus hermanii</em><em> </em><em>not</em><em> effective </em><em>for expression of endoglin on </em><em> </em><em>traumatic ulcer </em><em>maturation phase </em><em>in healing procces</em><em>.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong> </strong><em>Stichopus hermanii, ulcer healing, </em><em>endoglin</em><em> and traumatic ulcer.</em></p><p><strong><em> <strong><em>Correspondence</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em> </em></em></strong><em><em>Rima Parwati Sari, Bagian Biologi Oral, Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Hang Tuah, Arif Rahman Hakim No. 150</em></em><em><em>,</em><em> Surabaya, Email: rima.sari@yahoo.com</em></em></p>
Study of Hyperbaric Oxygen Theraphy and Gold sea Cucumber (Stichopus Hermanii) 3% for Collagen Density of Rat’s with Diabetes Mellitus Induced by Porphyromonas Gingivalis Bactery
Authors: R Dyah Lestarining , Mulawarmanti Dian , Widyastuti Widyastuti 
Published: July 2019

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong><em> Periodontitis is complication of DM in chronic state. Periodontitis susceptibility increase threefold in patient DM compared non-DM. Debridement with SRP alone is less effective in DM</em><em>. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO) has the effect of increasing insulin sensitivity and synthesis of collagen. Collagen is the largest extracellular matrix supporting periodontal tissue. Stchopus hermanii contains condrotin sulfate serves to inhibit the formation of mixed periodontopatogen bacteri. <strong>Purpose:</strong> To determine the therapeutic effects of HBO 2,4 ATA 3x3’ interval 5’ 7 days and stichopus hermanii against periodontal ligament collagen density in the healing process of periodontitis with DM. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong></em><em>The experiment design is factorial design. Rats are inducted with STZ 65 mg/kgBB to make them suffer DM and are inducted with P.gingivalis </em><em>1x10<sup>9</sup>sel/ml for 5 days straight to make them suffer periodontitis</em><em>,</em><em> 20 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. K0 (control group), K1(STZ+P. gingivalis), K2(STZ+P. gingivalis+Stichopus hermanii), K3(STZ+P. gingivalis+HBO), and K4(STZ+P.gingivalis+stichopus hermanii HBO) after treatment on day 52, all groups were sacrificed and done making preparations for the HPA of the mandible bone. <strong>Results:</strong> Data were analyzed using chi-square, Kruskal wallis, and Mann Whitney U with 95% significance level (p = 0.05). increase level of collagen significantly</em> K1<em>(1 ± 0.00)</em> - K2<em>(2±0.00)</em>, dan K1<em>(1 ± 0.00)</em> - K4<em>(2.5 ± 0.289)</em><em>.<strong>Conclution</strong></em><strong><em>:</em></strong><em>Therapy HBO combination of 2.4 ATA 3 x 30 </em><em>with 5 minutes air breaks for 7 days</em><em> and gel Stichopus hermanii3% effective on the Densityof collagen in the periodontal ligament healing process periodontitis with DM. <br /> <br /> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><em>OHB, Stichopus hermanii, periodontitis with DM, collagen</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><strong><em>Correspondence: </em></strong><em>Dian Mulawarmanti, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University,Arif Rahman Hakim 150, Surabaya,Phone 031-5945864, Email: </em><a href="mailto:dian.mulawarmanti@hangtuah.ac.id"><em>dian.mulawarmanti@hangtuah.ac.id</em></a>
Perawatan Ortodontik pada Kasus Distoversi Insisivus Sentral dan Transposisi Kaninus dan Insisivus Lateral Kanan Rahang Atas (Tahap Pertama)
Authors: Juniar Eriza 
Published: July 2019

<p><em><strong>Background:</strong> Tooth transposition is a rare and severe positional anomaly that may create many orthodontic problems from both esthetic and functional points of view. In this</em><em> case</em><em> report, the orthodontic management </em><em>of distoversion upper central incisor and</em><em> transposition of the upper right canine and lateral incisor. The patient was treated with a fixed appliance for 4 months. At this moment the central incisor</em><em> has</em><em> already corrected, </em><em>lateral incisor has also erupted and aligned. Patient management should be continued with phase two treatment to correct the transposition of canine</em><em>.</em></p><p><em><strong>Keywords</strong>: </em><em>Distoversion</em><em>, tooth transposition, orthodontic management.</em></p><p><em><strong>Correspondence :</strong> Departement of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.</em></p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun ungu (EEDU) Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff terhadap aktivitas fagositosis monosit yang dipapar Candida albicans
Authors: Kurniawati Atik 
Published: July 2019

<p class="Standard"><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>:<strong> </strong>Candidiasis is one of oral infectious disease caused by Candida albicans.The role of C. albicans as pathogen opportunistic in oral infection can affected by immune system. Phagocytosis has contributed in immune system against C. albicans infection, which is the role of monocytes. Grapthophyllum L. Griff has been proved to increase macrophage’s phagocytic activity, but the effect of violet leaves ethanol extract (EEDU) to increase monocyte’s phagocytic activity on C. albicans is unknown. <strong>Objectives</strong>:<strong> </strong>To determine the effect of violet leaves extract on monocyte’s phagocytic activity on C. albicans. <strong>Methods</strong>: This research was acted in vitro on human monocyte cell culture. There was 5 groups: negative control group, positive control group (incubated in Isoprinosine) and treatment groups was incubated in EEDU 2,5%, 5%, 10%. The percentage of activated monocytes was counted. <strong>Result</strong>: The result showed that incubation of EEDU 2,5%, 5% and 10% could increase monocyte’s phagocytic activity significantly (p&lt;0,05) compared to control groups. The number of monocyte’s phagocytosis on C. albicans incubated with EEDU 2,5%, 5% and 10% is 65%, 60,5%, and 58,75%. The optimal concentration of EEDU to increase monocyte’s phagocytic activity was 2,5%. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The study showed that EEDU can increase monocyte’s phagocytic activity on C. albicans.</em></p><p class="Standard"><em> </em></p><p class="Standard"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:Ethanol extract of Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff leaves, Monocyte’s Phagocytic Activity, Candida albicans </em></p>
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Temulawak (Curcuma Xanthorrizha Roxb.) Terhadap Level Nekrosis pada Jaringan Lien Mencit Putih (Mus Musculus L.) Jantan Galur Balb/C yang Diinokulasi Plasmodium berghei anka
Authors: ARSYA MUHAMMAD REYHAN , UTAMI PRAWESTY DIAH , IRMAWATI IRMAWATI 
Published: July 2019

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background : </strong>Malaria is a disease caused by the <em>Plasmodium</em> parasite and is transmitted by the <em>Anopheles</em> mosquito and is still a health problem in Indonesia due to high mortality and morbidity. One form of a severe complication of malaria in addition to cerebral malaria is a function failure of the spleen. Today, the management of malaria is increasingly limited due to resistance. Therefore, further development is needed to find new innovations in malaria treatment.</p><p><strong>Purpose : </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temulawak rhizome extract (<em>Curcuma xanthorhizza</em> Roxb.) On the level of necrosis in the spleen tissue of male BALB / c mice (<em>Mus musculus</em> L.) inoculated with <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA.</p><p><strong>Methods :</strong>Experimental research used a post-test only control group design that used five groups of mice. One group of mice was left normal while the other four groups were inoculated with <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA, positive control groups were given aquades and three treatment groups treated with temulawak extract (<em>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</em> Roxb.) With a dose of 150 mg / KgBB, 100 mg / KgBB, and 50 mg / KgBB for four day. On the fifth day an observation of the level of necrosis in the spleen organ of mice to determine the level of necrosis by histopathological examination using a light microscope.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and Result : </strong>The results of this study indicate that the administration of ginger rhizome extract (<em>Curcuma xanthorriza</em> Roxb.) Has an influence on the level of necrosis of male mice (<em>Mus musculus</em> L.) BALB / c inoculated with <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA α = 0,002 (ρ&lt;0,05), where the administration of temulawak extract can increase necrosis levels compared to the control group . This is probably due to the lack of temulawak extract dosage and lack of observation in this study.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords </strong>: Malaria, curcuma (<em>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</em> Roxb.), Necrosis level, <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> ANKA</p>
Correlation between Radiological Parameters and Functional Outcome of Healed Unstable Fracture Distal Radius after External Fixation
Authors: Shrestha Robin , Gupta Hemant , Kandel Manoj 
Published: July 2019

Background: Wrist fractures represent about one-sixth of all fractures seen in emergency department. The goal of treating such fractures is no longer only fracture union, but also the restoration of normal anatomy with early functional recovery, as well as full and painless motion of the wrist. In this prospective study we intend to evaluate the correlation between functional outcome and radiological parameters of the unstable fracture of the distal radius when treated with external fixator.
Methods: A hospital based, observational study was conducted at department of Orthopedics, College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Bharat-pur, Chitwan, during the period of January 2011 to November 2013, 54 patients, 33 male and 21 female, with unstable fracture of the distal end of radius were treated with external fixator and followed for a period of 18 weeks.
Results: The clinical and radiological outcome were evaluated on the basis of Modification, by Sar-miento et al., of the Demerit Point system of Gartland and Werley and Sarmiento et al’s modification of Lid-strom’s scoring system respectively at the end of 18 weeks. The clinical result was excellent in 25 cases, good in 19 cases and fair in eight cases. There were 8 (15.4%) excellent, 25 (48.1%) good, 15 (28.8%) fair and 4 (7.7%) poor cases according to radiological scoring.
Conclusions: In this study we found no correla-tion between clinical outcome and radiological parameters following external fixation in distal radius fractures.
Comparision of the Spirometric Measurements of Multi-National Under-graduate Medical Students from a Medical College of Central Nepal
Authors: Timilsina Sameer , Karki Sirisa , Baskota Bhuwan 
Published: July 2019

Background: The application of pulmonary function testing is increasing in many areas of clinical medicine, including assessment of airflow limitation, diagnosis of airflow obstruction and lung restriction, evaluation of pulmonary impairment, preoperative assessment as well as public health screening. In this study, attempt has been made to evaluate Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) of healthy Nepalese young adults and compare their values with healthy Indian and Sri Lankan counterparts. Further, it tries to shed light on the correlation of these data with anthropometric parameters.
Methods: A total of 133 pre-clinical medical students of Manipal College of Medical Sciences were included in the study. PFT was done using a computerized automatic spirometer.
Results: All the pulmonary parameters showed significant gender differences. All mean value of PFT parameters were higher in males. The comparisons of different parameters of PFT according to gender between three countries namely Nepal, India and Sri Lanka showed that Nepalese and Indian females had a higher FEV1 and FVC values than Sri Lankan females (p<0.05). Sri Lankan females had lower FEV1 and FVC as compared to Nepalese and Indian females (p<0.05). However, no correlation was observed between PFTs and BMI.
Conclusions: Although some significant differences on PFT parameters were observed in Sri Lankan data when compared with Nepalese and Indian data, no significant difference was noticed between Nepalese and Indian values of PFT. Therefore Indian prediction equation for PFT can be used for Nepal but only after further study with a larger sample size.
Metallographic Contrasting of Weld Joints on Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Weilnhammer G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The microstructure of a duplex stainless steel, e. g. 1.4462 (X2CrNiMoN22 – 5 – 3), is half austenite and half δ-ferrite.
The challenge for the metallographer is to clearly determine the austenite / δ-ferrite quantity ratio, also in the weld metal and in the heat-affected zone and to find clear evidence for the presence of possible, detrimental precipitations of intermetallic phases.
This is all the more difficult as both – austenite and δ-ferrite – appear light under the microscope when using standard etchants and as twins, which are typical of austenitic microstructures in the as-rolled condition, do not form in the weld metal.
This work will thus present preparation methods which allow for a clear distinction of the microstructural constituents, austenite and δ-ferrite, as well as for a clear determination of the quantity ratios.