bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Start-Up of a Capillary Pumped Loop for Terrestrial Applications
Authors: Accorinti Flavio , Blet Nicolas , Ayel Vincent , Dutour Sebastien , Bertin Yves 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A study on the start-up phases of a capillary pumped loop for terrestrial application (CPLTA) is proposed in this paper. Experimental analysis and numerical modeling, using a one-dimensional spatial discretization model, based on thermohydraulic equations and solved by nodal network/electrical analogy, are presented to study the thermal and hydraulic behavior of the loop for methanol and n-pentane as working fluids, during start-up transient phases. The experimental observations are backed up by the numerical model to help the transient and steady analysis of this kind of loop. The precise numerical study allows to have a better understanding of the complicated phenomena happening during the start-up and to have a global view of the behavior of the capillary pumped loop for integrated power (CPLIP) during these phases. In this study, it will be also shown the influence of vapor line solid walls thermal inertia and its impact on the dynamic behavior and on the success of the start-up of the loop.
Empirical High Cycle Fatigue Assessment Model of MEMS Devices
Authors: Chang Chia-Cheng , Chiang Kuo-Ning 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Many microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices generate large deflections and stresses under some severe loads, and this cumulative stress often causes structural fatigue when applying high cyclic loads. It affects the reliability and quality of the product and can easily damage structures in harsh environments. For example, accelerometers and gyroscopes in motion sensors always combine a movable mass component with a bending or torsion spring, which can severely deform their structure at some large accelerations or angular accelerations. After this high cycle of deformation, the spring structure will be damaged and cause device failure, we call this failure mode high cycle fatigue (HCF). This is very common for MEMS products, but it is difficult for designers to predict it at design stage. To prevent early fatigue problems and reduce product development time, we developed a simulation process and empirical prediction model to help designers predict HCF and improve fatigue strength of moving structures used in MEMS devices. In this study, a bending and a torsion beam are used as test vehicles. A combination of dynamic and electromechanical coupling simulations was developed and applied to analyze the effects of frequency under HCF testing. The test structures were fabricated using silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MEMS technique and these test structures were used to validate empirical life prediction equation developed in this research. The frequency effect of HCF was also to be included in the developed prediction model. Based on the test results, the accuracy of the empirical prediction equation is improved by including frequency effect.
Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing of Nanocomposites: A Literature Review
Authors: Medellin Anthony , Du Wenchao , Miao Guanxiong , Zou Jun , Pei Zhijian , Ma Chao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nanocomposites have been widely used to improve material properties. Nanoscale reinforcement materials in vat photopolymerization resins improve the hardness, tensile strength, impact strength, elongation, and electrical conductivity of the printed products. This paper presents a literature review on the effects of reinforcement materials on nanocomposite properties. Additionally, preprocessing techniques, printing processes, and postprocessing techniques of nanocomposites are discussed. The nanocomposite properties are summarized based on their applications in the mechanical, electrical and magnetic, and biomedical industries. Future research directions are proposed to improve the material properties of printed nanocomposites.
On the Improvement of Vibration Mitigation and Energy Harvesting Using Electromagnetic Vibration Absorber-Inerter: Exact H2 Optimization
Authors: Joubaneh Eshagh Farzaneh , Barry Oumar Rafiou 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic resonant shunt tuned mass damper-inerter (ERS-TMDI) has recently been developed for dual-functional vibration suppression and energy harvesting. However, energy harvesting and vibration mitigation are conflicting objectives, thus rendering the multi-objectives optimization problem a very challenging task. In this paper, we aim at solving the design trade-off between these two objectives by proposing alternative configurations and finding the model with the best performance for both vibration suppression and energy harvesting. Three novel configurations are presented and are compared with the conventional ERS-TMDI. In the first two configurations, the primary structure and the absorber are only coupled through the spring. Both inerter and electromagnetic devices are connected to the ground in the first configuration, whereas only the inerter is connected to the ground in the second configuration. The third configuration is inspired by the recently developed three-element vibration-inerter (TEVAI), but in this case an electromagnetic device is sandwiched in between the primary structure and the absorber. Closed-form expressions are presented for optimum vibration mitigation and energy harvesting performances using H2 criteria for both ground and force excitations. The obtained explicit expressions are validated using matlab optimization toolbox. Simulation examples reveal that the first configuration performs the best, whereas the second performs the worst in terms of both vibration mitigation and energy harvesting. It is also demonstrated that replacing the series RLC with a parallel circuit can improve or degrade the vibration mitigation performance, but it constantly enhances the energy harvesting performance in all four models.
Speech databases for mental disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Li Yiling , Lin Yi , Ding Hongwei , Li Chunbo 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe employment of clinical databases in the study of mental disorders is essential to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with mental illness. While text corpora obtain merely limited information of content, speech corpora capture tones, emotions, rhythms and many other signals beyond content. Hence, the design and development of speech corpora for patients with mental disorders is increasingly important.AimThis review aims to extract the existing speech corpora for mental disorders from online databases and peer-reviewed journals in order to demonstrate both achievements and challenges in this area.MethodsThe review first covers publications or resources worldwide, and then leads to the reports from China, followed by a comparison between Chinese and non-Chinese regions.ResultsMost of the speech databases were recorded in Europe or the United States by audio or video. Some were even supplemented by brain images and Event-Related Potential (ERP) statistics. The corpora were mostly developed for patients with neurocognitive disorders like stutter and aphasia, and mental illness like dementia, while other types of mental illness such as bipolar disorder, anxiety, depression and autism were scarce in number in database development.Strengths and limitationsThe results demonstrated that database development of neurocognitive disorders in China is much scarcer than that in some European countries, but the existing databases pave an instructive road for psychiatric problems. Also, the methods and applications of databases from the leading countries are inspiring for Chinese scholars, who are searching methods for developing a comprehensive resource for clinical studies.
A vulnerability framework to protect coastal social ecological systems
Authors: O’Higgins Timothy G. , O’Dwyer Barry 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Due to a long and beneficial legacy, human settlement and development is particularly concentrated in coastal zones and this concentration is expected to continue and increase in the future. Coastal dwelling, however, also entails risks from both anthropogenic and natural hazards and interactions between these. A spatially explicit ecosystem services framework combined with a vulnerability framework is used to explore human relations with the coast and to assess current and future capacities to ensure benefits of coastal migration and to address the risks that these areas pose. The spatial characteristics of some fundamental benefits — transport and settlement, fisheries and waste assimilation — of coastal dwelling and their associated environmental costs are first analysed using modern and historical examples. A variety of spatial characteristics describing human use patterns are then identified. On this basis, the implications of the variety of spatial scales in benefits and costs for effective governance are discussed with reference to historical and current marine and coastal management practice. Our analysis will attempt to demonstrate that incorporating ecosystem services in environmental management may provide a useful tool in the application of ecosystem-based management.
OPERATIONAL USE OF THE AP-2 AT ACIC
Authors: Mahoney William C. 
Published: July 2019

This paper describes experience at ACIC obtained with the AP-2 Plotter. It discusses the basic concepts upon which the AP-2 Plotter operates, some key tests performed, and problems associated with its introduction into a mapping organization and evaluates the plotter with respect to contemporary instrumentation. Emphasis in technical discussion is placed upon the capability of the plotter to remove systematic distortions arising from random and non-random sources. This instrument represents a great advancement in photogrammetric instrumentation, but in its present form should not be expected to reduce operational time significantly in bridging and compilation operations. The AP-2 allows more complete exploitation of photogrammetric materials, but because of its complexity and increased requirements for advanced personnel training it will not be easy for most organizations to incorporate it in their line operations.
A Generalized Least Squares Solution Hybrid Measuring Systems
Authors: Schmid Hellmut H. , Schmid Erwin 
Published: July 2019

The Helmert method of subjecting a least squares adjustment to rigorously enforced boundary conditions is shown to be a special case of a generalized concept, in which these conditions are allowed to contribute to the solution in accordance with the weights of the observations that generate them. All parameters entering the solution are treated uniformly as weighted observations with a range in weight from 0 to ∞. The generalized approach not only provides the necessary algorithm for the statistically correct treatment of hybrid measuring systems, but, at the same time, provides the means of obtaining optimum design of experiments.
An Integrated Survey of Metropolitan Whitehorse
Authors: Gauthier Jean , Snowling R. G. 
Published: July 2019

This paper deals with all phases of field work, from planning through monumentation, observation and computations, of an integrated survey to establish control for subsequent photogrammetrical compilation of large-scale plans and to provide a network of monumented territorial plane coordinate points for future legal surveys. Pre-field planning resulted in well integrated operations and early reconnaissance, monumentation and construction of targets in an efficient and economic operation. Horizontal positions were established for 114 monuments and elevations for 103 of these. Elevations of 94 other points were determined. Positions were determined by both triangulation and traverse. Of the latter, most distances were measured with a geodimeter 4-D, but a tellurometer MRA-2 was used for six lines. A device for eliminating gross errors in delay-line geodimeter readings was developed and used. Suitable accuracies were obtained. Monuments for use in subsequent legal surveys were each placed no more than one half mile apart. Most areas where future development is planned are visible from at least two monuments. Ties were made to 40 existing legal monuments. Recommendations are made regarding modifications of the equipment and the use of personnel.
The Use of Photogrammetry in Integrated Surveys
Authors: Brocklebank R. A. 
Published: July 2019

The term, “integrated surveys”, is probably of Canadian origin and was first introduced in the surveying literature of the early 1960’s. Today it has become a slogan that is extensively used but sometimes loosely interpreted. The true concept of an integrated-survey system is clarified in this paper which analyzes the various components, forming such a system, and the role of photogrammetry in them. Current problems in the development of Canadian survey integration are discussed, particularly the need for standardization of coordinate systems.
Causes of Dimensional Changes in Estar Base Aerial Film Under Simulated Service Conditions
Authors: Carman P. D. , Martin J. F. 
Published: July 2019

Dimensional changes were studied in five rolls of Estar base film exposed in both routine and simulated survey operations in a Wild RC8 camera. The simulated operations, with ambient conditions controlled and intentionally varied, enabled causes to be established for the various types of size change observed. The source of the most serious dimensional changes is low relative humidity in the camera compartment. This is a common condition in a heated aircraft cabin when the outside temperature is low. Ways of minimizing dimensional changes are recommended. To approach the potential geometrical accuracy of cameras, humidity control is needed in the aircraft.
Small-Scale Mapping on a National Level
Authors: Altenhofen Robert E. 
Published: July 2019

Canada stands pre-eminent among nations who are applying new techniques to the solution of national mapping problems. The mapping programs of Canada, Australia, and the United States can be similarly described: they are planned and executed by scientifically oriented government agencies; funding is never commensurate with mapping needs; a fine balance is maintained between the completion of new mapping and the revision of out-dated maps. Photogrammetry came of age just before World War II and enabled these countries to accelerate their output of small- and medium-scale maps. The computer-based combination of aerotriangulation with electronic methods of ground survey enabled Canada and Australia to sweep over large unchartered areas with control network expansion followed quickly by map production. Developing nations could well use the resulting techniques. The orthophoto map is a new form which introduced semiautomation to mapping and presages fully automatic map compilation.
Image Deformation A Discussion of Several Contributing Sources
Authors: Ziemann H. 
Published: July 2019

Many sources can contribute to the deformation of a photographic image. Deformation can occur during the exposure and processing of photographs, during the period between exposure and processing, and also during storage periods. The effects of several sources that most likely contributed to the image deformation encountered in the Hull Project are discussed. These sources are unequal pull during the film transport in the aerial camera and lack of film flatness caused by blocked suction holes (sources causing the deformation of the negative), insufficient contact between negative and diapositive emulsions in a printer using centrally projected light (a source of diapositive deformation during the printing process), and plastic flow near the edges of film sheets (a source of deformation resulting from processing). In addition, changes in film diapositives during the measurement are singled out. It is also shown that image deformation is very similar for all frames exposed on the same film mounted in the same magazine.
Combined Block Adjustment of APR Data and Independent Photogrammetric Models*
Authors: Ackermann F. , Ebner H. , Klein H. 
Published: July 2019

Based on the computer program PAT-M for block adjustment by independent models, an extended system is presented for the combined simultaneous block adjustment of photogrammetric models with APR and/or statoscope data, including photogrammetric height measurements of shorelines of lakes, if available. The system is intended for small- and medium-scale topographic mapping. Because of possible application to very large blocks, is is expected to be of great economic importance. The paper develops the basic mathematical formulas for the combined adjustment. In view of efficient and economic computation, some modifications are proposed, which the present programing of the system takes into account.
Small-Scale Imagery in Forest Pest Surveys in British Columbia
Authors: Harris John W. E. 
Published: July 2019

Surveillance of the large forested areas of British Columbia by personnel of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey, Canadian Forestry Service, involves ground examinations, supplemented by limited observations from small aircraft. The increasing demand for better information, however, has resulted in a search for improved methods. One answer seems to be aerial photography, which offers a permanent accurate record. Conventional aerial photographs are useful but are expensive to obtain and interpret. This study has determined that the boundaries and intensity of a variety of forest pest infestations can also be delineated on color photographs at some of the smallest scales (about 1:137,000) available, and at least some infestations that contrast well with surrounding forests can also be seen on ERTS-1 imagery. The latter has the advantage of being routinely available and cost shared by various users, while normal photography requires a specific mission. Results with ERTS-1 are encouraging, and likely improvements in future resource satellites may be of increasing value in survey programs.
Two Approaches to Nonlinear Least Squares Adjustments
Authors: Pope Allen J. 
Published: July 2019

The following discussion of Newton-Raphson and Newton-Gauss applied to least squares adjustment of nonlinear conditions with parameters is abstracted from the longer paper, “Modern Trends in Adjustment Calculus”, presented at the International Symposium on Problems Related to the Redefinition of North American Geodetic Networks, Fredericton, New Brunswick. Copies are available from the author. This paper attempts a broad survey of some interesting, useful, or potentially useful, developments in today’s geodetic adjustment theory. Special consideration is given to relevant inputs from numerical analysis and statistics.
An Integrated Digital Mapping System
Authors: Zarzycki J.M. 
Published: July 2019

There is an increasing demand for terrain information in digital form in addition to graphical format. Under such circumstances the establishment of a national digital topographic data base can be envisaged and implemented to serve the needs for terrain data in either digital and/or graphical format. This paper discusses the digital interactive photogrammetric data acquisition system, interactive cartographic editing and automated drafting. The concepts of digital topographic data bank and data base are discussed as well as the requirements for selective retrieval and data base query language capability.
Field Experience with the Lambert “Twin” Tower at the Geodetic Survey of Canada
Authors: Swanson M.T. 
Published: July 2019

A new survey tower, which combines the provision for precise angle measurement, characteristic of wooden and steel structures, with the mobility and ease of assembly of lightweight aluminum structures, was tested under field conditions to establish its viability for use on first-order horizontal control surveys. Constructive criticism from the user and cooperation from the manufacturer combined to produce a survey tower that can be used to advantage in the variety of field conditions encountered on conventional type control surveys.
The Mapping of Canada’s Arctic Islands
Authors: Wonders William C. 
Published: July 2019

It is now well established that the Vikings were the first Europeans to explore Canada’s Arctic Islands, but these early travelers left no maps and it was not until the voyage of Marlin Frobisher, in 1576, that the four-century process of mapping this part of the world was begun. The south and east margins of the Islands were explored in the 17th century but a deeper penetration into the central Arctic had to wait for the stronger ships and steam propulsion of the 19th century. During the search for the lost Franklin Expedition of 1845, most of the islands were discovered and explored, except those in the extreme north. The last major pieces in the map were put into place by the Norwegian explorer, Otto Sverdrup, and the Canadian, Vilhjalmur Stefansson. Minor additions and corrections to the map were still being made in the decade following World War II.
The Use of Reconnaissance Hydrographic Surveys for Establishment of Essential Navigation Bathymetric Data in the Third World Countries
Authors: Fish J.P. , Klein M. 
Published: July 2019

Many third world countries do not have the resources to conduct classic hydrographic surveys, either due to the length of the coastline or the level of available funds. In the past, this has resulted in an arbitrary choice of navigational channel areas to be surveyed. In order to more effectively utilize the limited resources available in third world countries, the use of a large footprint side scan sonar to provide reconnaissance type information to the surveyor is advocated so that the surveyor may “triage” the large areas to be surveyed and survey only areas which offer the highest return for the application of resources. The use of the large footprint side scan sonar to augment the traditional narrow beam echo sounder trace permits the use of wider spaced lines without undue risk of missing significant bottom obstructions. With increasing commerce to Third World countries, accurate bathymetry becomes increasingly significant. The utilization of selected systems such as the side scan sonar can permit the Third World hydrographer to maximize utilization of available resources to obtain this data. A complete discussion of the methodology involved with the utilization of side scan sonar, as well as the employment of the equipment, is discussed in this paper.
Basement-hosted sand injectites: use of field examples to advance understanding of hydrocarbon reservoirs in fractured crystalline basement rocks
Authors: Siddoway C. S. , Palladino G. , Prosser G. , Freedman D. , Duckworth W. Cody 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sedimentary injectites hosted within basement rocks, where preserved on land, offer a means to investigate the geometry, extent, dimensions and spacing of fractures that form an interconnected network within faulted/fractured crystalline host rock. Hydrocarbon occurrences within fractured basement are of high interest following the success of basement-targeted exploration in the North Sea and UK continental shelf. In some cases, these settings lack direct access to the fractured basement that constitute the crystalline-rock reservoir, due to the presence of a thick sedimentary cover. For this reason, we investigated two regional-scale crystalline-rock-hosted systems of sedimentary injectites and sediment-filled fractures that occupy basement fracture arrays within granitoids. Localities are in the Serre massif of Calabria, Italy and the Front Range of Colorado (USA). The injected sediment within fractures acts as a natural ‘proppant’ that maintained open pathways for fluid migration or accumulation. Study of the arrays of sediment-filled fractures and faults advances our understanding of unconventional fluid migration pathways, controls upon the porosity and permeability, and the potential of crystalline basement rock to act as a hydrocarbon reservoir.