bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic approach to postdural puncture headache in the peripartum period: An Israeli national survey
Authors: Ioscovich Alexander , Giladi Yaara , Fuica Rivka Leah , Weiniger Carolyn F. , Orbach‐Zinger Sharon , Gozal Yaacov , Shatalin Daniel 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAccidental dural puncture frequency among pregnant women is about 1.5%, while approximately 60% of these women will suffer from post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) that may be debilitating.MethodsFollowing IRB approval, we conducted a national survey of the lead anesthesiologist in 23 labor and delivery rooms in Israel. Each survey inquired about medical center annual delivery volume, training program for residents, accidental dural puncture management, processing of information, and PDPH management strategies.ResultsData were collected from all 23 surveyed hospitals. As for methods for PDPH prevention, in most hospitals (87%) a prophylactic epidural blood patch (EBP) is not considered. Injection of epidural normal saline after delivery as a preventive measure is never considered in most (78.3%) hospitals, while four (17.4%) hospitals reported of constitutive use of this technique and one hospital only occasionally. Duration of conservative treatment was 24‐48 hours in 95.7% of PDPH cases.ConclusionIn this survey, different aspects of treatment and PDPH management were examined. EBP is considered the gold standard in treating PDPH, although prophylactic blood patch is ineffective. We observed a tendency of very low performance of both prophylactic EBP and epidural normal saline administration after delivery in most centers. Most hospitals perform EBP after 24‐48 hours of conservative treatment, along with published recommendations that show increased EBP efficiency with this timeframe. In light of the survey information, we aim to reach a uniform literature‐based management strategy across Israeli hospitals.
AUDIT‐C and ICD codes as phenotypes for harmful alcohol use: association with ADH1B polymorphisms in two US populations
Authors: Justice Amy C. , Smith Rachel V. , Tate Janet P. , McGinnis Kathleen , Xu Ke , Becker William C. , Lee Kuang‐Yao , Lynch Kevin , Sun Ning , Concato John , Fiellin David A. , Zhao Hongyu , Gelernter Joel , Kranzler Henry R. ,   on behalf of the VA Million Veteran Program
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and AimsLongitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data offer a large‐scale, untapped source of phenotypical information on harmful alcohol use. Using established, alcohol‐associated variants in the gene that encodes the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) as criterion standards, we compared the individual and combined validity of three longitudinal EHR‐based phenotypes of harmful alcohol use: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT‐C) trajectories; mean age‐adjusted AUDIT‐C; and diagnoses of alcohol use disorder (AUD).DesignWith longitudinal EHR data from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) linked to genetic data, we used two population‐specific polymorphisms in ADH1B that are associated strongly with AUD in African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs): rs2066702 (Arg369Cys, AAs) and rs1229984 (Arg48His, EAs) as criterion measures.SettingUnited States Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System.ParticipantsA total of 167 721 veterans (57 677 AAs and 110 044 EAs; 92% male, mean age = 63 years) took part in this study. Data were collected from 1 October 2007 to 1 May 2017.MeasurementsUsing all AUDIT‐C scores and AUD diagnostic codes recorded in the EHR, we calculated age‐adjusted mean AUDIT‐C values, longitudinal statistical trajectories of AUDIT‐C scores and ICD‐9/10 diagnostic groupings for AUD.FindingsA total of 19 793 AAs (34.3%) had one or two minor alleles at rs2066702 [minor allele frequency (MAF) = 0.190] and 6933 EAs (6.3%) had one or two minor alleles at rs1229984 (MAF = 0.032). In both populations, trajectories and age‐adjusted mean AUDIT‐C were correlated (r = 0.90) but, when considered separately, highest score (8+ versus 0) of age‐adjusted mean AUDIT‐C demonstrated a stronger association with the ADH1B variants [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.54 in AAs and 0.37 in AAs] than did the highest trajectory (aOR 0.71 in AAs and 0.53 in EAs); combining AUDIT‐C metrics did not improve discrimination. When age‐adjusted mean AUDIT‐C score and AUD diagnoses were considered together, age‐adjusted mean AUDIT‐C (8+ versus 0) was associated with lower odds of having the ADH1B minor allele than were AUD diagnostic codes: aOR = 0.59 versus 0.86 in AAs and 0.48 versus 0.68 in EAs. These independent associations combine to yield an even lower aOR of 0.51 for AAs and 0.33 for EAs.ConclusionsThe age‐adjusted mean AUDIT‐C score is associated more strongly with genetic polymorphisms of known risk for alcohol use disorder than are longitudinal trajectories of AUDIT‐C or AUD diagnostic codes. AUD diagnostic codes modestly enhance this association.
The significance of ST‐elevation in aVL in anterolateral myocardial infarction: An assessment by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Allencherril Joseph , Fakhri Yama , Engblom Henrik , Heiberg Einar , Carlsson Marcus , Dubois‐Rande Jean‐Luc , Halvorsen Sigrun , Hall Trygve S. , Larsen Alf‐Inge , Jensen Svend Eggert , Arheden Hakan , Atar Dan , Clemmensen Peter , Ripa Maria Sejersten , Birnbaum Yochai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnterolateral myocardial infarction (MI) is traditionally defined on the electrocardiogram by ST‐elevation (STE) in I, aVL, and the precordial leads. Traditional literature holds STE in lead aVL to be associated with occlusion proximal to the first diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. However, concomitant ischemia of the inferior myocardium may theoretically lead to attenuation of STE in aVL. We compared segmental distribution of myocardial area at risk (MaR) in patients with and without STE in aVL.MethodsWe identified patients in the MITOCARE study presenting with a first acute MI and new STE in two contiguous anterior leads from V1 to V6, with or without aVL STE. Patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 3–5 days after acute infarction for quantitative assessment of MaR.ResultsA total of 32 patients met inclusion criteria; 13 patients with and 19 without STE in lead aVL. MaR > 20% at the basal anterior segment was seen in 54% of patients with aVL STE, and 11% of those without (p = 0.011). MaR > 20% at the apical inferior segment was seen in 62% and 95% of patients with and without aVL STE, respectively (p = 0.029). The total MaR was not different between groups (44% ± 10% and 39% ± 8.3% respectively, p = 0.15).ConclusionPatients with anterior STEMI and concomitant STE in aVL have less MaR in the apical inferior segment and more MaR in the basal anterior segment.
Acetylsalicylic acid does not prevent first‐trimester unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Blomqvist Lennart , Hellgren Margareta , Strandell Annika 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionRecurrent pregnancy loss occurs in about 1% of fertile couples. Without proper evidence for an effect, different treatments have been used when no etiological factor has been detected. The present trial is the first randomized trial to compare 75 mg acetylsalicylic acid with placebo for women with recurrent pregnancy loss.Material and methodsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted at a single center between 2008 and 2015. Recurrent pregnancy loss was defined as at least 3 consecutive first‐trimester miscarriages within the couple. Women < 40 years old with a body mass index < 35 kg/m2 were eligible if the workup was negative. Randomization was through a third party, who manufactured and delivered the study drugs, and occurred when fetal heartbeat was detected, to either 75 mg acetylsalicylic acid or placebo; 200 women in each group. Group allocation was concealed until all the study participants had a pregnancy outcome registered. All women attended the same control program. Primary outcome was live birth. Statistical analyses were according to intention‐to‐treat.ResultsAll 400 women completed the follow up. Live birth rate was 83.0% (n = 166) and 85.5% (n = 171) for the acetylsalicylic acid and placebo groups, respectively (P = 0.58). The difference was −2.5% (95% CI −10.1% to 5.1%). The risk ratio was 0.97 (95% CI 0.89‐1.06).ConclusionsTreatment with acetylsalicylic acid did not prevent recurrent miscarriage in women with at least three consecutive miscarriages in the first trimester, of unknown reasons and in the same relationship. The fertility prognosis is very good, the live birth rate being > 80% with or without acetylsalicylic acid.
Retrospective study showed that palpitations with tachycardia on admission to a paediatric emergency department were related to cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Bobbo Marco , Amoroso Stefano , Tamaro Gianluca , Gesuete Valentina , D'agata Mottolese Biancamaria , Barbi Egidio , Ventura Alessandro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThis retrospective study reviewed the prevalence and long‐term prognosis of children aged 0–18 with palpitations who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) of an Italian paediatric hospital.MethodsWe examined all admissions to the ED of the IRCCS Burlo Garofolo between January 2009 and December 2015 by selecting triage diagnoses of palpitations. The hospital discharge cards were reviewed to assess vital parameters, physical examinations, diagnostic tests, cardiology consultations and final diagnoses.ResultsOf the 142 803 patients who attended our ED for any reason, 96 (0.07%) complained of palpitations. Despite this low prevalence, it was noteworthy that 13.5% had a real underlying arrhythmic cause and needed medical assistance. Over half (52.1%) were women and the mean age was 12.7 years. At the long‐term follow‐up, at a mean of 47 ± 23 months, 53.8% of patients with a cardiac arrhythmia had received medical therapy and 46.1% had undergone trans‐catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardia. A heart rate above 146 beats per minute or palpitations for more than an hour was statistically related to a cardiac arrhythmia.ConclusionPalpitations were an infrequent cause of admission to our ED, but 13.5% who displayed them had an underlying cardiac arrhythmia.
Physical activity preferences of 10‐year‐old children and identified activities with positive and negative associations to cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Resaland G K , Aadland E , Andersen J R , Bartholomew J B , Anderssen S A , Moe V F 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThis study investigated children's physical activity (PA) preferences, as these can aid the design of school‐based interventions.MethodsData were collected in 2014 as a part of the Active Smarter Kids study and 1026 students (52% boys) from 57 Norwegian primary schools completed a questionnaire about their favourite physical activities at a mean age of 10.2 ± 0.3 years. We identified five patterns of PA and studied whether gender, cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal adiposity were associated with these patterns.ResultsSoccer and slalom skiing were the favourite activities, and the most pronounced gender differences were for activities favoured by girls, which included dancing, gymnastics, exercising to music and jumping rope (p < 0.001). When the five component patterns were analysed using linear mixed‐effect models, this showed a strong female preference for dancing, gymnastics, exercising to music and climbing. Cardiovascular fitness was negatively associated with frisbee, dodgeball, baseball and floorball, and positively associated with team handball, volleyball and basketball and with slalom skiing and cross‐country skiing. It was interesting that the children's preferences were not related to their abdominal adiposity.ConclusionThe results showed different gender‐based PA preferences and positive and negative associations with cardiovascular fitness, but no relationship with abdominal adiposity.
An evidence‐based systematic review of the off‐label uses of lisinopril
Authors: Sadat‐Ebrahimi Seyyed‐Reza , Parnianfard Neda , Vahed Nafiseh , Babaei Hossein , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Tang Sydney , Azarpazhooh Amir 
Published: July 2018

AimsLisinopril is an angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitor that is largely administered for off‐label uses. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of off‐label uses of lisinopril to aid physicians to make evidence‐based decisions.MethodsThe following bibliographic databases were searched from inception up to 30 March 2017: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Ovid and Proquest. This systematic review sought all randomized trials conducted on adult individuals comparing lisinopril on its off‐label uses with alternative drugs or placebos and reported direct or alternative clinical outcomes. Risk of bias assessment by using the Cochrane Collaboration risk‐of‐bias tool and quality evaluation took place.ResultsIncluded studies demonstrated significant positive effects of lisinopril on proteinuric kidney disease; however, lisinopril caused a slight reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) especially for patients with GFR < 90 ml min–1. Lisinopril offered better outcomes in comparison to other standard treatments of diabetic nephropathy. Other studies showed positive effects of lisinopril for migraine, prevention of diabetes, myocardial fibrosis, mitral valve regurgitation, cardiomyopathy in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, oligospermia and infertility, and diabetic retinopathy. Conversely, the studies reported that lisinopril was ineffective for five other off‐label uses.ConclusionsThe identified studies showed that lisinopril was highly effective for proteinuric kidney disease with a minor but inconsiderable decrease in GFR. Positive effects of lisinopril were demonstrated in seven other off‐label uses; however, lisinopril cannot be recommended as the first choice for these until further clinical trials confirm these positive effects.
Clinical activity of ASP8273 in Asian patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer with EGFR activating and T790M mutations
Authors: Murakami Haruyasu , Nokihara Hiroshi , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Seto Takashi , Park Keunchil , Azuma Koichi , Tsai Chun‐Ming , Yang James Chih‐Hsin , Nishio Makoto , Kim Sang‐We , Kiura Katsuyuki , Inoue Akira , Takeda Koji , Kang Jin‐Hyoung , Nakagawa Tomoki , Takeda Kentaro , Akazawa Rio , Kaneko Yuichiro , Shimazaki Masashi , Morita Satoshi , Fukuoka Masahiro , Nakagawa Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2018

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐activating mutations confer sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment for non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ASP8273 is a highly specific, irreversible, once‐daily, oral, EGFR TKI that inhibits both activating and resistance mutations. This ASP8273 dose‐escalation/dose‐expansion study (NCT02192697) was undertaken in two phases. In phase I, Japanese patients (aged ≥20 years) with NSCLC previously treated with ≥1 EGFR TKI received escalating ASP8273 doses (25‐600 mg) to assess safety/tolerability and to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) by the Bayesian Continual Reassessment Method. In phase II, adult patients with T790M‐positive NSCLC in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan received ASP8273 at RP2D to further assess safety/tolerability and determine antitumor activity, which was evaluated according to Simon's two‐stage design (threshold response = 30%, expected response = 50%, α = 0.05, β = 0.1). Overall, 121 (n = 45 [33W/12M] phase I, n = 76 [48W/28M]) phase 2) patients received ≥1 dose of ASP8273. In phase I, RP2D and MTD were established as 300 and 400 mg, respectively. As 27 of the 63 patients treated with ASP8273 300 mg achieved a clinical response, ASP8273 was determined to have antitumor activity. The overall response rate at week 24 in all patients was 42% (n = 32/76; 95% confidence interval, 30.9‐54.0). Median duration of progression‐free survival was 8.1 months (95% confidence interval, 5.6, upper bound not reached). The most commonly reported treatment‐related adverse event in phase II was diarrhea (57%, n = 43/76). ASP8273 300 mg was generally well tolerated and showed antitumor activity in Asian patients with both EGFR‐activating and T790M mutations.
Root surface caries among older Australians
Authors: Hariyani Ninuk , Spencer A. John , Luzzi Liana , Do Loc Giang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesRoot caries has increased as a clinical problem in recent decades. However, the use of multiple waves of longitudinal follow‐up data in estimating root caries increment has not been previously attempted. The aims of this study were to quantify root caries increment from a longitudinal study of older adults with 4 oral examinations over 11 years and to examine behavioural factors associated with root caries.MethodsA secondary analysis was undertaken using data collected in 4 waves (baseline, 2‐year, 5‐year and 11‐year) of the South Australian Dental Longitudinal Study which began in 1991/92. The study group consisted of a stratified random sample of people aged 60+ years at baseline. A total of 358 participants with complete oral examinations in all 4 waves were included. The examinations were performed by trained and calibrated dentists. Baseline behavioural risk factors (toothbrushing frequency, flossing frequency, dental visiting pattern, reason for dental visiting and tobacco smoking status) and time in years across the 4 waves were the main exposures. Baseline clinical oral conditions (gingival condition and gingival recession), demographic and socio‐economic risk factors served as covariates. Root caries was measured as mean number of untreated root surfaces (root DS) and decayed/filled root surfaces (root DFS) at each wave of examinations. Multivariable multilevel growth model using linear regression analysis was used to get an estimate for root caries increment and associated oral health‐related behaviours adjusting for all the covariates.ResultsFindings from the multivariable models indicated that the annual increment of root DS and root DFS were 0.07 (SE = 0.01) and 0.11 (SE = 0.02) surfaces, respectively. Irregular brushing (E [SE] = 0.25 [0.12]), visiting the dentist only for problems (E [SE] = 0.30 [0.13]) and smoking (E [SE] = 0.33 [0.12]) were risk factors for the increase in root DS. Irregular flossing and more frequent dental visit were associated with the increase in root DFS.ConclusionsRoot caries increased slowly across time among relatively healthier Australian older adults. Irregular brushing, unfavourable dental visiting and tobacco smoking were risk factors for the increase in untreated root caries, while irregular flossing and more frequent dental visiting were associated with the increase in root DFS.
Abnormal irisin level in serum and endometrium is associated with metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Wang Wei , Guo Ying , Zhang Xinxian , Zheng Jiahua 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in reproductive‐age women. Irisin is considered to play a role in metabolic disorder and PCOS. However, correlation between irisin and metabolic disorder in PCOS is not clear.Material and methodsThis is a prospective study. Forty patients with PCOS and thirty patients without PCOS were recruited for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF‐ET). All PCOS women fulfilled all three Rotterdam consensus criteria. In each group, patients were also divided into obese and nonobese patients, and patients with or without dyslipidaemia.ResultsSerum irisin level in PCOS patients was significantly reduced. Irisin level in obese PCOS patients was significantly lower than in nonobese PCOS patients. Irisin level in PCOS patients with dyslipidaemia was significantly higher than in PCOS patients with normal blood lipid profile. In both PCOS and control patients, serum irisin level was negatively correlated with body weight and waist‐hip ratio (WHR). Moreover, serum irisin level was positively correlated with body fat rate, BAI, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HOMA‐IR in PCOS patients. In addition, serum irisin level was positively correlated with HOMA‐IR in control patients. In PCOS patients, body weight and HOMA‐IR could predict the level of irisin. In control patients, body mass index (BMI) could predict the level of irisin. Expression of irisin in PCOS patients was lower than that in control patients. However, there was no significant difference of irisin expression between the subdivided groups in PCOS and control patients.ConclusionsTaken together, the present findings enriched the knowledge about the role of irisin in metabolic dysfunction in PCOS patients.
The effect of lithium on the progression‐free and overall survival in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer undergoing radioactive iodine therapy
Authors: Luo Hongxiu , Tobey Andrew , Auh Sungyoung , Cochran Craig , Zemskova Marina , Reynolds James , Lima Cristiane , Burman Kenneth , Wartofsky Leonard , Skarulis Monica , Kebebew Electron , Klubo‐Gwiezdzinska Joanna 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectivePretreatment with lithium (Li) is associated with an increased residence time of radioactive iodine (RAI) in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) metastases. There are no data translating this observation into long‐term outcomes. The study goal was to compare the efficacy of three methods of preparation for RAI therapy in metastatic DTC—thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW), THW with pretreatment with Li (THW+Li), and recombinant human TSH (rhTSH).Design/Patients/MeasurementsWe performed a cohort study comparing overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) between the three groups: THW (n = 52), THW+Li (n = 41) and rhTSH (n = 42). Kaplan‐Meier analyses were performed to compare OS and PFS between the groups. Cox proportional hazards regression model with a stepwise variable selection was performed to study the contribution of age, gender, histology, TNM status, a location of distant metastases and RAI dose.ResultsDuring the follow‐up of median 5.1 (IQR = 3.0‐8.1) years, 52% of patients had disease progression and 12.6% died. Although THW+Li group was characterized by the longest OS (P = 0.007), only age (HR 1.05, CI 1.01‐1.09, P = 0.01) and widespread disease (HR 3.8, CI 1.2‐11.8, P = 0.02) were found to affect OS in a multivariate model. There was no difference in PFS between the groups (P = 0.47). Presence of distant metastases limited to the lungs only was associated with longer PFS (PFS HR 0.35, CI 0.20‐0.60, P = 0.0002).ConclusionThe older age is associated with shorter OS, while disease burden affects OS and PFS in patients with metastatic thyroid cancer. The method of preparation for RAI therapy does not affect the outcome.