bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Third Trimester Umbilical Artery Doppler in Low-Risk Pregnancies and its Correlation to Estimated Fetal Weight and Birthweight
Authors: Sirico Angelo , Diemert Anke , Glosemeyer Peter , Hecher Kurt 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the correlation between the umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility index (PI) and the estimated fetal weight percentile and birthweight (BW) percentile, respectively.
Materials and Methods We included low-risk pregnancies, in which UA Doppler investigations after 28 weeks were performed. Cases were allocated according to BW percentiles: small for gestational age (SGA) with BW < 10th percentile; appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) with BW > 90th percentile. We analyzed differences in the mean UA-PI and UA-PI z-score for gestational age according to the three groups. Linear regression was performed to evaluate any relationship between Doppler indices and BW percentiles. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent association of UA-PI with LGA babies. In a second step, we considered data on estimated fetal weight (EFW) percentiles and performed the same analysis.
Results We analyzed 14 554 pregnancies from 2004 to 2015. The mean UA-PI and mean UA-PI z-scores in the LGA group were lower than in the AGA and SGA groups (p < 0.001). UA-PI and UA-PI z-scores were linearly related to birthweight percentiles (p < 0.001) and to EFW percentiles (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that low UA-PI was independently associated with neonatal LGA (p < 0.001).
Conclusion The higher the EFW and BW percentiles, the lower the UA-PI. However, reference ranges for UA Doppler are only based on gestation weeks. Further studies are needed to clarify whether customized reference ranges based on EFW percentiles are more appropriate for the evaluation of fetal wellbeing in the third trimester.
Preclinical Evaluation of Antitumoral and Cytotoxic Properties of Viscum album Fraxini Extract on Pediatric Tumor Cells
Authors: Menke Katrin , Schwermer Melanie , Schramm Alexander , Zuzak Tycho J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn Europe, especially in German-speaking countries, administration of mistletoe extracts is the most common and popular complementary and alternative therapy approach reported in oncology. Mistletoe therapy is applied to children with cancer for curative and palliative therapeutic regimes with increasing frequency, but at the same time, there are only a few studies on the effectiveness of this therapy. Therefore, we have investigated the response of various pediatric cell lines (acute myeloid leukemia, Ewingʼs sarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, and osteosarcoma) to mistletoe extract, abnobaVISCUM Fraxini. Effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution as well as on mitochondrial integrity and caspase-mediated apoptosis were investigated in neuroblastoma cell lines, SH-SY5Y and Kelly. Additionally, in vitro tumor cell migration and invasion were studied. In vivo effects of the mistletoe extract were investigated in a syngeneic neuroblastoma mouse model. We could show that tumor cell lines were from 5- to 640-fold more sensitive to abnobaVISCUM Fraxini treatment than non-tumorigenic fibroblasts, whereby neuroblastoma cell lines were the most sensitive. For two neuroblastoma cell lines, SH-SY5Y and Kelly, induction of caspase-9-mediated apoptosis, a decrease of mitochondrial integrity as well as attenuation of migration and invasion were observed. In vivo experiments revealed a reduction of tumor growth and a prolonged survival of tumor-bearing animals. In summary, we can state that these results provide the first preclinical data for cytotoxic activities of abnobaVISCUM Fraxini for a broad panel of pediatric tumor cell lines, in particular, neuroblastoma cells. Thus, it might be a potential remedy for the supportive treatment of neuroblastoma.
Anticariogenic Potential of Korean Native Plant Extracts against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Lee Yun-Chae , Cho Sung-Gook , Kim Sang-Woo , Kim Jeong Nam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNumerous chemically synthesized compounds are widely used in oral hygiene products. However, due to their potential risk, there is a need to improve the safety and quality of dental care by seeking alternative control agents such as those naturally found in plant materials. Here we assessed antibacterial potentials of extracts from 100 species of Korean native plants against Streptococcus mutans on cariogenesis. Among those, extracts from five plants (Arctii Fructus, Caryopteris incana, Aralia continentalis, Symplocarpus renifolius, and Lamium amplexicaule) showed a growth inhibition of S. mutans. The five extracts were further individually evaluated for their minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration. Interestingly, a synergistic antibacterial activity was observed with the combination of sodium fluoride and the plant extracts. To determine the anti-biofilm activity of plant extracts, S. mutans was treated with increasing concentrations of the extracts in the range from 1250 to 3750 µg/mL. When S. mutans was grown in the defined biofilm medium containing the individual extracts of 47 species, the biofilm amount markedly decreased compared to that of a negative control. Notably, the extract of S. renifolius significantly downregulated the gtf and spaP genes for synthesis of glucan and adhesive proteins in S. mutans, and L. amplexicaule decreased the expression of gtfD gene. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the five plant extracts modulate survival and pathogenesis of S. mutans by growth inhibition and downregulation of the gene(s) implicated in biofilm formation.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Features Associated with Malignancy and Aggressiveness of Nonhypovascular Solid Pancreatic Lesions: Results from a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Crinó Stefano Francesco , Brandolese Alessandro , Vieceli Filippo , Paiella Salvatore , Conti Bellocchi Maria Cristina , Manfrin Erminia , Bernardoni Laura , Sina Sokol , D’Onofrio Mirko , Marchegiani Giovanni , Larghi Alberto , Frulloni Luca , Landoni Luca , Gabbrielli Armando 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background and Study Aims On contrast-enhanced imaging studies, nonhypovascular (i. e., isovascular and hypervascular) patterns can be observed in solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs) of different nature, prognosis, and management. We aimed to identify endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) features of nonhypovascular SPLs associated with malignancy/aggressiveness. The secondary aims were EUS tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) outcome and safety in this setting of patients.
Patients and Methods This prospective observational study included patients with nonhypovascular SPLs detected on cross-sectional imaging and referred for EUS-TA. Lesion features (size, site, margins, echotexture, vascular pattern, and upstream dilation of the main pancreatic duct) were recorded. Malignancy/aggressiveness was determined by evidence of carcinoma at biopsy/surgical pathology, signs of aggressiveness (perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and/or microscopic tumor extension/infiltration or evidence of metastatic lymph nodes) in the surgical specimen, radiologic detection of lymph nodes or distant metastases, and/or tumor growth > 5 mm/6 months. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the primary aim.
Results A total of 154 patients with 161 SPLs were enrolled. 40 (24.8 %) lesions were defined as malignant/aggressive. Irregular margins and size > 20 mm were independent factors associated with malignancy/aggressiveness (p < 0.001, OR = 5.2 and p = 0.003, OR = 2.1, respectively). However, size > 20 mm was not significant in the subgroup of other-than-neuroendocrine tumor (NET) lesions. The EUS-TA accuracy was 92 %, and the rate of adverse events was 4 %.
Conclusion Irregular margins on EUS are associated with malignancy/aggressiveness of nonhypovascular SPLs. Size > 20 mm should be considered a malignancy-related feature only in NET patients. EUS-TA is safe and highly accurate for differential diagnosis in this group of patients.
Anatomic and Embryological Aspects of the Cardiovascular System of Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: De Russi Brenno Marco , Carvalho Camila Albuquerque Melo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Wistar albino rat is the animal most commonly used in scientific research around the world. Knowledge of the anatomy of the body of these animals is key in the research field, especially in cases when the research requires experimental surgery. Descriptive literature on the morphology of the cardiovascular system of these animals, particularly the heart, is old and difficult to access. Publications in journals are not readily available, and books approach the subject in a superficial way. The aim of this study is to research, organize, and translate the literature on the anatomy and embryology of the cardiovascular system of the albino Wistar rat to facilitate the use of this information in future research that requires the knowledge of the anatomy of these animals, for example, experimental surgery research.
Cerebral Artery Hypoplasia in a Select Adult Kenyan Population
Authors: Ogengo Julius A. , Cheruiyot Isaac , Amuti Thomas , Ongidi Ibsen , Mwachaka Philip , Olabu Beda , Kitunguu Peter , Sinkeet Simeon 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Hypoplasia of cerebral arteries predisposes to stroke and cerebral aneurysms which have an increased incidence in sub-Saharan Africa. The frequency and pattern of cerebral artery hypoplasia, however, shows population variations, and data from the African population remain scanty.
Objectives This study aimed to determine the percentage of hypoplasia in the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral, anterior and posterior communicating, basilar, and vertebral arteries.
Materials and Methods Sections of the basilar, vertebral, posterior, and anterior communicating arteries and anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries were taken, processed for histology, and examined with a light microscope at ×40. The images of the vessels were taken by a photomicroscope and circumference analyzed with the aid of Scion image analyzer. The average diameter of 10 sections was taken to be the diameter of the artery in analysis. Hypoplasia was then defined as internal diameter ≤1 mm. Photographs of representative samples of asymmetry were taken, data were analyzed using SPSS, and gender differences were analyzed using the Student's test. Results were presented in tables.
Results Two hundred and eighteen formalin-fixed brains of adult Kenyans at the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi, were studied. Of the 218, 48 brains (22%) did not have vessels with any form of hypoplasia while 170 (78%) did have vessels. Of these, anterior circulation hypoplasia (anterior cerebral artery and posterior communicating artery) was seen in 100 brains (46%) and posterior circulation hypoplasia (middle and posterior cerebral, basilar, and vertebral arteries) in 69 brains (32%).
Conclusion Cerebral arterial hypoplasia is frequent in the select adult Kenyan population.
A Systematic Review of Patient-Facing Visualizations of Personal Health Data
Authors: Turchioe Meghan Reading , Myers Annie , Isaac Samuel , Baik Dawon , Grossman Lisa V. , Ancker Jessica S. , Creber Ruth Masterson 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives As personal health data are being returned to patients with increasing frequency and volume, visualizations are garnering excitement for their potential to facilitate patient interpretation. Evaluating these visualizations is important to ensure that patients are able to understand and, when appropriate, act upon health data in a safe and effective manner. The objective of this systematic review was to review and evaluate the state of the science of patient-facing visualizations of personal health data.
Methods We searched five scholarly databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ACM Digital Library [Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library], and IEEE Computational Index [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computational Index]) through December 1, 2018 for relevant articles. We included English-language articles that developed or tested one or more patient-facing visualizations for personal health data. Three reviewers independently assessed quality of included articles using the Mixed methods Appraisal Tool. Characteristics of included articles and visualizations were extracted and synthesized.
Results In 39 articles included in the review, there was heterogeneity in the sample sizes and methods for evaluation but not sample demographics. Few articles measured health literacy, numeracy, or graph literacy. Line graphs were the most common visualization, especially for longitudinal data, but number lines were used more frequently in included articles over past 5 years. Article findings suggested more patients understand the number lines and bar graphs compared with line graphs, and that color is effective at communicating risk, improving comprehension, and increasing confidence in interpretation.
Conclusion In this review, we summarize types and components of patient-facing visualizations and methodologies for development and evaluation in the reviewed articles. We also identify recommendations for future work relating to collecting and reporting data, examining clinically actionable boundaries for diverse data types, and leveraging data science. This work will be critically important as patient access of their personal health data through portals and mobile devices continues to rise.
Spontaneous Acute Subdural Hematoma: Beware of the Aneurysm
Authors: Beucler Nathan , Haikal Christelle , Hibbert David , Sellier Aurore , Joubert Christophe , Desse Nicolas , Dagain Arnaud 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpontaneous acute subdural hematoma should raise clinical suspicion for underlying pathology, the most common etiology being a ruptured aneurysm. Through this case report, our team developed a clinical decision-making tool to help physicians decide when it is necessary to order an acute subdural hematoma to assess for ruptured aneurysm.
Postoperative Lumbar Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis: An Institutional Review
Authors: Jain Mantu , Sahu Rabi Narayan , Gantaguru Amrit , Das Sudhanshu Sekhar , Tripathy Sujit Kumar , Pattnaik Ashish 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background  Postoperative discitis (POD) remains a dreaded complication in the present era of asepsis. The treatment has been traditionally conservative, but the safety of spinal implants in infective settings has prompted the surgeons to provide rigid immobilization for promoting healing. A major concern in a country like ours is huge patient inflow and long waiting list added to the woe of patient's refusal for a second operative intervention after a first undesirable outcome.
Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcome of conservative management of POD and determine the methods of prevention.
Settings and Design  A retrospective case study series in a tertiary-level hospital.
Materials and Methods  Between January 2015 and 2017, 12 cases of POD (10 own and 2 referred) were managed and followed up clinically, radiologically, and with laboratory investigation. Two cases were managed surgically—one with kyphotic deformity and the other with discharging pus. Rest were managed conservatively with analgesics and intravenously followed by oral antibiotics. At 1-year follow-up, patient satisfaction was evaluated using the MacNab outcome assessment.
Statistical Analysis  The descriptive data were analyzed mainly by descriptive statistics using mean, median, standard deviation, and interquartile range.
Results  Mean follow-up in our series was 15.2 months. Except for two operated cases, we did not go for the invasive procedure for isolation of organism in any of our cases. The total duration of antibiotic in our series was for the mean of 7.3 weeks. Visual analog scale score returned from8 initially to baseline and at final follow-up—4 excellent, 6 good, and 2 had fair outcome. There was no adverse outcome.
Conclusions  The majority of POD can be managed conservatively. Surgery is reserved only for special cases. Magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice for diagnosing discitis. Intraoperative use of gentamicin-mixed normal saline wash reduces the incidence of discitis.
Modifications at the C(5) position of pyrimidine nucleosides
Authors: Kozak Witold , Demkowicz Sebastian , Daśko Mateusz , Rachon Janusz , Rak Janusz 
Published: October 2019

This review summarizes the state of knowledge on the chemical methods of C(5)-modifications of uridine and cytidine derivatives and may serve as a useful tool for synthetic chemists to choose an appropriate reaction protocol. The synthesis of 5-substituted uracil derivatives is gaining an increasing interest because of their possible applications in medicine and pharmacy. Modifications at the C(5) position of pyrimidine nucleosides can enhance their biostability, bioavailability or(and) biological activity. Among the C(5)-modified nucleosides, 5-halopyrimidines exhibit anticancer, antiviral, radio- and photosensitizing properties. Besides 5-halo-substituted derivatives, there are other examples of nucleosides with confirmed biological activity containing a C–C bond at the C(5) position in the pyrimidine ring. In recent decades, scientists have achieved great progress in the field of cross-coupling reactions. Among them, nickel-catalyzed processes provide a broad spectrum of synthetic methods that are based on less toxic and cheaper starting materials. This review summarizes the synthetic approaches based on the coupling or halogenation reactions, which enable 5-substituted pyrimidine nucleosides to be obtained. Moreover, the importance of the systems considered for medicine and pharmacy is briefly discussed.The bibliography includes 197 references.
Network Analysis of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Colony: Relation between Spatial Position and Generation
Authors: Meiriska Widya , Purnama F A , Aji D P P , Aprianti D , Viridi S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Yeast colony growth which can grow and produce buds can be modelled by using circular granular cells in two-dimensional form. The organizations of particles in granular materials as modelled as yeast colony growth have complex organizations on a spatial scale. Such organizations may affect how materials respond or reconfigure when exposed to external interference or loading. Particles have been studied in theoretical and require the development and application of appropriate mathematical, statistical, physical and computational frameworks. Usually, granular materials have been explored using particles or circuit models that are implicit. Today the development of network science has emerged as a powerful approach to investigate and characterize heterogeneous architecture in complex systems and diverse methods have yielded interesting insights into granular materials. In this study will learn granular materials (yeast colony growth) with the network-based approach and explore the potential of these frames to provide a useful description of yeast colony growth. This study will focus on finding the relation between the spatial position of the cells and generation that is formed.
Robust Control Design For Virotherapy Model Using Successive Method
Authors: Arum Anita Kesuma , Handayani Dewi , Saragih Roberd 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bilinear systems is the simplest class of nonlinear systems that represent many real physical processes. As an example, chemotherapy and virotherapy in cancer cells are bilinear systems. Disturbances is a factor that can interfere the work process of the system, and it can make the output of the system to be not in accordance with the desired output. Thus a robust controller must be found to make the system produce the desired output. In designing the controller, it requires a solution to the state dependent algebraic Riccati equation (SDARE). However it is difficult to solve the SDARE. Successive method is one of the methods that can be used to solve this issue. The idea of this method is converting the bilinear systems into time-varying linear system. This method has the following steps : first, we need to obtain the robust control for the linear system by ignoring the multiplicative term of bilinear system. Second, convert the bilinear systems into the time-varying linear systems using the previous result, and then solve the SDARE by the new performance index and the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation. Last, iterate the steps until the convergence of state satisfied. In this research, successive method were applied in virotherapy control problems. The virotherapy model has been widely developed, one of which is the cell cycle-specific model. This model is a bilinear systems. There are four groups in this model: quiescent cells (Q), cancer cells (S), virus (V), and infected cells (I). Virus are injected into the human body as the control input to control the amount of the cancer cells. In this case, virus can only infect the cancer cells, and the infected cells will die when the lysis process occurs. Virus, as a control, is given with the aim of minimizing the energy used in the system. In this model we consider the body’s immune response as an additive disturbances to the model. Simulation show that virotherapy can reduce the number of cancer cells in the body on day 50, so the number of cancer cells in the body is only 16.6%. Based on the simulation, the next virototherapy can be done after the day 50.
Robust H∞ Controller for Bilinear System to Minimize HIV Concentration in Blood Plasma
Authors: Saputra Jonathan , Saragih Roberd , Handayani Dewi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a type of virus which attacks CD4+ T cells. Insufficient numbers of CD4+ T cells will affect the performance of immunity systems so that someone become more risky to have AIDS or other diseases. HIV phenomenon is modelled as nonlinear system with disturbance, but there is no exact method to solve problems that related with analyzing nonlinear systems with control treatment. Thus, the nonlinear system is approximated into a bilinear system by using Carleman Bilinearization method. A robust H
∞ controller is designed as a control input to accomodate the disturbances in the dynamic system. Generally, the treatment for HIV is merely to obstruct the replication process. Therefore, the robust control input is described as the chemotherapy of hypothetical drugs which aimed to clear off the HIV concentration in blood plasma. Robust H
∞ control is built with the coefficient matrix of the bilinear system. The simulation result is analyzed by comparing the effect of the robust control toward bilinear and nonlinear system. From numerical simulations, an individual will experience heavy symptomps if the hypothetical drugs chemotherapy is not given. This finding is strengthening the urgency of robust control as a chemotherapy with a waiting time. Based on the numerical simulation with robust H
∞ control input, bilinear system has trends that give similar interpretation with the trends of nonlinear system. Besides that, robust H
∞ control on bilinear system has demolishing speed of HIV concentration and infected CD4+ T cells concentration which approximately equal to the demolishing speed from nonlinear system. Therefore, we can conclude that the performance of H
∞ robust control on bilinear system is nearly same as the performance of nonlinear system.