bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between Sovereignty and Legitimacy: China and UNESCO, 1946–1953
Authors: BARRETT GORDON 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUNESCO's founding in 1946 coincided with the resumption of hostilities between China's ruling Nationalist Party (KMT) and their Chinese Communist Party (CCP) rivals for power. The new international organization's officials in Paris and its representatives on the ground in China were thus forced to navigate a fractious and fluid set of national circumstances that would result in an ambiguous outcome in 1949, with regimes on the Chinese mainland and Taiwan both claiming to represent ‘China’. Although the KMT-led Republic of China continued to claim membership in UNESCO until the 1970s, the international organization nevertheless continued to operate within the People's Republic of China (PRC) for a number of years. Exploring the relationship between the issue of Chinese representation in UNESCO and the organization's on-the-ground presence from the mid-1940s through to the early 1950s, this article argues that domestic and international factors were inescapably intertwined in shaping the trajectory of Chinese relations with international organizations during this period. While CCP officials demonstrated a mixture of ideology and pragmatism, similar to their handling of foreign entities and groups present in the PRC after its founding, engagement with UNESCO was significantly shaped by the complexity and depth of the KMT's engagement with the international organization from its inception onwards. The CCP's relations with UNESCO underscore the extent to which the emerging Cold War—and China's place within it—was ultimately characterized by complexity and contingency.
The population dynamics of the monogenean gill parasiteDiscocotyle sagittataLeuckart on Windermere trout,Salmo trutta, L.
Authors: Paling J. E. 
Published: June 2019

Relatively little is known of the way in which the populations of monogenean parasites are related to the behaviour and physiology of their hosts or how such populations vary in composition over the year. Bychowsky (1957, trans. Hargis, 1961, p. 108) has described the results of studies upon six different fish hosts and parasites, while Llewellyn (1962) has studied two other species of Monogenea living on one host species. In all these investigations, the various ecological factors which influence the life cycles of the parasites have been determined.Dogiel, Petrushevski & Polyanski (1961, p. 14) referred to a previous population study ofDiscocotyle sagittataon a hostCoregonus lavaretusin Lake Ladoga, Russia. The parasite was said to breed in July and August, while in September broods of young and old parasites overlapped. The large individuals disappeared in October and November and this ‘death of the older generation’ was taken to indicate that the parasites had a life span of only one year.The only relevant work available when the present study was commenced was the population study of the monogeneansGastrocotyle trachuriandPseudaxine trachuriby Llewellyn and as this concerned a marine host, it was of obvious interest to investigate the population dynamics of a parasite of a freshwater fish.Discocotyle sagittatawas chosen because the biology of the British host, the brown trout (a different host from that in the Russian study ofDiscocotyle), has been intensively studied for many years. It was thought that this would be of advantage in attempting to relate any seasonal fluctuations in the parasite population to the biology of the host.
Dentate gyrus volume deficit in schizophrenia
Authors: Nakahara Soichiro , Turner Jessica A. , Calhoun Vince D. , Lim Kelvin O. , Mueller Bryon , Bustillo Juan R. , O'Leary Daniel S. , McEwen Sarah , Voyvodic James , Belger Aysenil , Mathalon Daniel H. , Ford Judith M. , Macciardi Fabio , Matsumoto Mitsuyuki , Potkin Steven G. , van Erp Theo G. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSchizophrenia is associated with robust hippocampal volume deficits but subregion volume deficits, their associations with cognition, and contributing genes remain to be determined.MethodsHippocampal formation (HF) subregion volumes were obtained using FreeSurfer 6.0 from individuals with schizophrenia (n= 176, mean age ±s.d.= 39.0 ± 11.5, 132 males) and healthy volunteers (n= 173, mean age ±s.d.= 37.6 ± 11.3, 123 males) with similar mean age, gender, handedness, and race distributions. Relationships between the HF subregion volume with the largest between group difference, neuropsychological performance, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms were assessed.ResultsThis study found a significant group by region interaction on hippocampal subregion volumes. Compared to healthy volunteers, individuals with schizophrenia had significantly smaller dentate gyrus (DG) (Cohen'sd= −0.57), Cornu Ammonis (CA) 4, molecular layer of the hippocampus, hippocampal tail, and CA 1 volumes, when statistically controlling for intracranial volume; DG (d= −0.43) and CA 4 volumes remained significantly smaller when statistically controlling for mean hippocampal volume. DG volume showed the largest between group difference and significant positive associations with visual memory and speed of processing in the overall sample. Genome-wide association analysis with DG volume as the quantitative phenotype identified rs56055643 (β= 10.8,p< 5 × 10−8, 95% CI 7.0–14.5) on chromosome 3 in high linkage disequilibrium withMOBP. Gene-based analyses identified associations betweenSLC25A38andRPSAand DG volume.ConclusionsThis study suggests that DG dysfunction is fundamentally involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology, that it may contribute to cognitive abnormalities in schizophrenia, and that underlying biological mechanisms may involve contributions fromMOBP,SLC25A38, andRPSA.
Self-harm and violent criminality linked with parental death during childhood
Authors: Carr M.J. , Mok P.L.H. , Antonsen S. , Pedersen C.B. , Webb R.T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdverse health and social outcomes are known to occur more frequently following parental death during childhood, but evidence is lacking for comparing long-term risks of internalised v. externalised harm.MethodsThis national register-based cohort study consisted of Danish persons born 1970–2000. The Civil Registration System and National Causes of Death Register were linked to ascertain parental deaths by cause before cohort members' 15th birthdays. From age 15 years, hospital-treated self-harm episodes were ascertained through linkage to the National Patient Register and the Psychiatric Central Research Register, and violent crimes were identified via linkage to the National Crime Register. Hazard ratio and cumulative incidence values were estimated.ResultsSelf-harm and violent criminality risks were elevated following parental death during childhood. Covariate adjustment for gender, birth year and first-degree relatives' mental illnesses attenuated these associations, although significantly heightened risks persisted. The estimated hazard ratios did not differ greatly according to which parent died, but losing both parents conferred particularly large risk increases. Risks for both adverse outcomes were higher in relation to unnatural v. natural parental death; violent criminality risk was especially raised among individuals exposed to parental death by unnatural causes other than suicide. The association was strongest when pre-school age children experienced parental death.ConclusionsEffective early intervention is needed to help youngsters who have experienced the death of one or both parents to develop immediate and sustained coping strategies. Enhanced cooperation between health and social services and criminal justice agencies may mitigate risks for these two destructive behaviours.
Effect of postnatal overfeeding on the male and female Wistar rat reproductive parameters
Authors: Costa V. M. G. , Andreazzi A. E. , Bolotari M. , Lade C. G. , Guerra M. O. , Peters V. M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOverweight/obesity has become a worldwide epidemic, and factors such as a sedentary lifestyle and inadequate eating habits directly contribute to the development of this condition. Studies indicate that rapid weight gain at critical development stages, such as the lactation period, is associated with the development of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes in the long term. In addition to metabolic changes during adulthood, overweight/obesity may influence reproductive function of the population. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate postnatal overfeeding effects on male and female Wistar rat reproductive parameters. Postnatal overfeeding was induced by applying the litter reduction method for both sexes. Forty animals were used, divided into four groups: two with normal litters (NL♂ and NL♀) and two with small litters (SL♂ and SL♀). The males were euthanized at 90 days of age, on the same date the females were mated. Females were also euthanized after the 20-day gestation. Metabolic and reproductive variables were analyzed. Regarding males, SL animals showed increased body weight, adiposity, and decreased relative weight of the seminal vesicle, prostate, and epididymis as well as changes in the ITT and OGTT glycemic tests. Concerning females, SL animals presented increased body weight, relative perigonadal fat weight, glucose intolerance as well as modify the vaginal opening and increased weight of female pup. The litter reduction method was efficient in leading to metabolic and reproductive alterations in male and female Wistar rat.
Internal Consistency and Convergent Validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory English and European-Spanish Version with English/Spanish Bilinguals
Authors: Kois Lauren E. , Rodriguez Crystalann , Chauhan Preeti , Pearson Jessica , Barber Rioja Virginia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPractitioners have few personality inventory options when assessing Spanish-speakers, despite professional guidelines that encourage them to administer measures that are validated with their populations of interest. To build on research in this area, we examined the internal consistency and convergent validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Personality Assessment Inventory European-Spanish (PAIE-S) version among bilingual Latin American Spanish-speakers (final n = 53). For the PAI, 72.72% of scales and 35.48% of subscales had alphas above .70. For the PAIE-S, 50.00% of scales and 25.81% of scales met this alpha. Participants tended to score lowest on the PAI Alcohol Problems scale (T = 47.19) and the PAIE-S Warmth scale (T = 45.49). On average, participants scored highest on the PAI’s Paranoia-Hypervigilance scale (T = 61.15) and the PAIE-S’s Paranoia scale (T = 57.64). We identified 10 scales and subscales on which participants were significantly more likely (p < .00094) to score higher on one measure than the other. Participants more often scored higher on the PAI than the PAIE-S. All parallel scales and subscales converged at p < .00094 with the exception of the Antisocial Features-Egocentricity scale. Taken together, findings suggest taking caution when administering these measures to Latin American bilingual Spanish-speakers.
Seasonal Prediction of Northern European Winter Air Temperatures From SST Anomalies Based on Sensitivity Estimates
Authors: Köhl Armin , Vlasenko Andrey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe climate over Europe is significantly affected by the state of the atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic, which in turn is influenced by various slowly varying components of the climate system. Linear models are employed to investigate how much of the European winter air temperature variability can directly be predicted from the sea surface temperature. By comparing relations from a statistical model to those from an adjoint to a linearized climate model we evaluate the ability of the lagged maximum covariance analysis to reconstruct the dynamical relation between sea surface temperature (SST) and atmosphere temperature. Applied to specific SST conditions, both approaches allow prediction of a similar and significant fraction of the air temperature variability from SST. For a 1‐month lag, extreme air temperature responses are significant and found to be associated with an omega‐blocking pattern over Scandinavia.
Multivariate Nonstationary Oscillation Simulation of Climate Indices With Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Lee Taesam , Ouarda Taha B.M.J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of the current study is to build a stochastic model to simulate climate indices that are teleconnected with the hydrologic regimes of large‐scale water resources systems such as the Great Lakes system. Climate indices generally contain nonstationary oscillations (NSOs). We adopted a stochastic simulation model based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The procedure for the model is to decompose the observed series and then to simulate the decomposed components with the NSO resampling (NSOR) technique. Because the model has only been previously applied to single variables, a multivariate version of NSOR (M‐NSOR) is developed to consider the links between the climate indices and to reproduce the NSO process. The proposed M‐NSOR model is tested in a simulation study on the Rössler system. The simulation results indicate that the M‐NSOR model reproduces the significant oscillatory behaviors of the system and the marginal statistical characteristics. Subsequently, the M‐NSOR model is applied to three climate indices (i.e., Arctic Oscillation, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation) for the annual and winter data sets. The results of the proposed model are compared to those of the Contemporaneous Shifting Mean and Contemporaneous Autoregressive Moving Average model. The results indicate that the proposed M‐NSOR model is superior to the Contemporaneous Shifting Mean and Contemporaneous Autoregressive Moving Average model for reproducing the NSO process, while the other basic statistics are comparatively well preserved in both cases. The current study concludes that the proposed M‐NSOR model can be a good alternative to simulate NSO processes and their teleconnections with climate indices.
Challenges, Opportunities, and Pitfalls for Global Coupled Hydrologic‐Hydraulic Modeling of Floods
Authors: Grimaldi S. , Schumann G. J.‐P. , Shokri A. , Walker J. P. , Pauwels V. R. N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFlood modeling at the regional to global scale is a key requirement for equitable emergency and land management. Coupled hydrological‐hydraulic models are at the core of flood forecasting and risk assessment models. Nevertheless, each model is subject to uncertainties from different sources (e.g., model structure, parameters, and inputs). Understanding how uncertainties propagate through the modeling cascade is essential to invest in data collection, increase flood modeling accuracy, and comprehensively communicate modeling results to end users. This study used a numerical experiment to quantify the propagation of errors when coupling hydrological and hydraulic models for multiyear flood event modeling in a large basin, with large morphological and hydrological variability. A coupled modeling chain consisting of the hydrological model Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning and the hydraulic model LISFLOOD‐FP was used for the prediction of floodplain inundation in the Murray Darling Basin (Australia), from 2006 to 2012. The impacts of discrepancies between simulated and measured flow hydrographs on the predicted inundation patterns were analyzed by moving from small upstream catchments to large lowland catchments. The numerical experiment was able to identify areas requiring tailored modeling solutions or data collection. Moreover, this study highlighted the high sensitivity of inundation volume and extent prediction to uncertainties in flood peak values and explored challenges in time‐continuous modeling. Accurate flood peak predictions, knowledge of critical morphological features, and an event‐based modeling approach were outlined as pragmatic solutions for more accurate prediction of large‐scale spatiotemporal patterns of flood dynamics, particularly in the presence of low‐accuracy elevation data.
Editorial Honoring the 2018 Reviewers for JGR Space Physics
Authors: Liemohn Michael W. , Pierrard Viviane , Ganushkina Natalia Yu , Rodger Alan , Wang Yuming , Kepko Larry , Balikhin Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Editors of the Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics would like to honor and thank the 2018 manuscript reviewers for the journal. This is a large‐scale, community‐wide effort for which 1,358 scientists submitted 3,027 reviews in 2018. We understand that this is a volunteer task and we greatly appreciate your time and effort to fulfill this service role back to the research community.
Dissecting cell diversity and connectivity in skeletal muscle for myogenesis
Authors: Liu Yi-xiao , Wu Bing-bing , Gong Lin , An Cheng-rui , Lin Jun-xin , Li Qi-kai , Jiang De-ming , Jin Kai-xiu , Mechakra Asma , Bunpetch Varitsara , Li Yu , Zou Yi-wei , Ouyang Hong-Wei , Zou Xiao-Hui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCharacterized by their slow adhering property, skeletal muscle myogenic progenitor cells (MPCs) have been widely utilized in skeletal muscle tissue engineering for muscle regeneration, but with limited efficacy. Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by various cell types, including a large number of rapidly adhering cells (RACs) where their functions and mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we explored the function of RACs by co-culturing them with MPCs in a biomimetic skeletal muscle organoid system. Results showed that RACs promoted the myogenic potential of MPCs in the organoid. Single-cell RNA-Seq was also performed, classifying RACs into 7 cell subtypes, including one newly described cell subtype: teno-muscular cells (TMCs). Connectivity map of RACs and MPCs subpopulations revealed potential growth factors (VEGFA and HBEGF) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins involvement in the promotion of myogenesis of MPCs during muscle organoid formation. Finally, trans-well experiments and small molecular inhibitors blocking experiments confirmed the role of RACs in the promotion of myogenic differentiation of MPCs. The RACs reported here revealed complex cell diversity and connectivity with MPCs in the biomimetic skeletal muscle organoid system, which not only offers an attractive alternative for disease modeling and in vitro drug screening but also provides clues for in vivo muscle regeneration.
Unique defect structure and advantageous vortex pinning properties in superconducting CaKFe4As4
Authors: Ishida Shigeyuki , Iyo Akira , Ogino Hiraku , Eisaki Hiroshi , Takeshita Nao , Kawashima Kenji , Yanagisawa Keiichi , Kobayashi Yuuga , Kimoto Koji , Abe Hideki , Imai Motoharu , Shimoyama Jun-ichi , Eisterer Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe lossless current-carrying capacity of a superconductor is limited by its critical current density (Jc). A key to enhance Jc towards real-life applications is engineering defect structures to optimize the pinning landscape. For iron-based superconductors considered as candidate materials for high-field applications, high Jc values have been achieved by various techniques to introduce artificial pinning centres. Here we report extraordinary vortex pinning properties in CaKFe4As4 (CaK1144) arising from the inherent defect structure. Scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed the existence of nanoscale intergrowths of the CaFe2As2 phase, which is unique to CaK1144 formed as a line compound. The Jc properties in CaK1144 are found to be distinct from other iron-based superconductors characterized by a significant anisotropy with respect to the magnetic field orientation as well as a remarkable pinning mechanism significantly enhanced with increasing temperature. We propose a comprehensive explanation of the Jc properties based on the unique intergrowths acting as pinning centres.
Emerging 2D-ferromagnetism and strong spin-orbit coupling at the surface of valence-fluctuating EuIr2Si2
Authors: Schulz Susanne , Nechaev Ilya A. , Güttler Monika , Poelchen Georg , Generalov Alexander , Danzenbächer Steffen , Chikina Alla , Seiro Silvia , Kliemt Kristin , Vyazovskaya Alexandra Yu. , Kim Timur K. , Dudin Pavel , Chulkov Evgueni V. , Laubschat Clemens , Krasovskii Eugene E. , Geibel Christoph , Krellner Cornelius , Kummer Kurt , Vyalikh Denis V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe development of materials that are non-magnetic in the bulk but exhibit two-dimensional (2D) magnetism at the surface is at the core of spintronics applications. Here, we present the valence-fluctuating material EuIr2Si2, where in contrast to its non-magnetic bulk, the Si-terminated surface reveals controllable 2D ferromagnetism. Close to the surface the Eu ions prefer a magnetic divalent configuration and their large 4f moments order below 48 K. The emerging exchange interaction modifies the spin polarization of the 2D surface electrons originally induced by the strong Rashba effect. The temperature-dependent mixed valence of the bulk allows to tune the energy and momentum size of the projected band gaps to which the 2D electrons are confined. This gives an additional degree of freedom to handle spin-polarized electrons at the surface. Our findings disclose valence-fluctuating rare-earth based materials as a very promising basis for the development of systems with controllable 2D magnetic properties which is of interest both for fundamental science and applications.
Qß Virus-like particle-based vaccine induces robust immunity and protects against tauopathy
Authors: Maphis Nicole M. , Peabody Julianne , Crossey Erin , Jiang Shanya , Jamaleddin Ahmad Fadi A. , Alvarez Maria , Mansoor Soiba Khalid , Yaney Amanda , Yang Yirong , Sillerud Laurel O. , Wilson Colin M. , Selwyn Reed , Brigman Jonathan L. , Cannon Judy L. , Peabody David S. , Chackerian Bryce , Bhaskar Kiran 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTauopathies, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are progressive neurodegenerative diseases clinically characterized by cognitive decline and could be caused by the aggregation of hyperphosphorylated pathological tau (pTau) as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) inside neurons. There is currently no FDA-approved treatment that cures, slows or prevents tauopathies. Current immunotherapy strategies targeting pTau have generated encouraging data but may pose concerns about scalability, affordability, and efficacy. Here, we engineered a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine in which tau peptide, phosphorylated at threonine 181, was linked at high valency to Qß bacteriophage VLPs (pT181-Qß). We demonstrate that vaccination with pT181-Qß is sufficient to induce a robust and long-lived anti-pT181 antibody response in the sera and the brains of both Non-Tg and rTg4510 mice. Only sera from pT181-Qß vaccinated mice are reactive to classical somatodendritic pTau in human FTD and AD post-mortem brain sections. Finally, we demonstrate that pT181-Qß vaccination reduces both soluble and insoluble species of hyperphosphorylated pTau in the hippocampus and cortex, avoids a Th1-mediated pro-inflammatory cell response, prevents hippocampal and corpus callosum atrophy and rescues cognitive dysfunction in a 4-month-old rTg4510 mouse model of FTD. These studies provide a valid scientific premise for the development of VLP-based immunotherapy to target pTau and potentially prevent Alzheimer’s diseases and related tauopathies.