bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factor of Pnemonia among Children Aged Under 5 Years. A Case Control Study in Samarinda, Indonesia
Authors: Ramdan Iwan M. , P Novita Anggun , F Ade Rahmat 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Pneumonia is still a global health problem especially in developing countries because it is the leading cause of death in children aged under 5 years old. In Indonesia the incidence of children pnemonia is still high.
Material and methods: The risk factors of pneumonia studied consist of house temperature, lighting, house humidity, occupancy density, exposure to cigarette smoke, and family disease history. Temperature and humidity of the house were measured by heatstress monitor, room lighting was measured by lux meters, the occupancy density was measured by direct observation, exposure to cigarette smoke and family disease history were measured by questionnaire. Data analysis using odds ratio and chi square.
Results: Obtained by the value of odds ratio: room lighting (OR = 3.18), cigarette smoke exposure (OR = 10.45), home temperature (OR = 0.337), humidity (OR = 0.192), occupancy density (OR = 0.214), and family history of disease ( OR = 0.753). Humidity (p = 0.024) and occupancy density (p = 0.028) associated with pneumonia.
Conclusion: Room lighting and exposure to cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for the occurrence of pneumonia in children aged under 5 years in Samarinda, the incidence of pneumonia is significantly related to house humidity and occupancy density.
¿Qué es programar con orientación a objetos? Un enfoque fenomenográfico
Authors: Friss de Kereki Inés 
Published: March 2018

La enseñanza inicial de la programación está cambiando: de comenzar enseñando programación estructurada a comenzar con programación orientada a objetos. De a poco, los programas académicos de las universidades están encaminándose a esta -relativamente nueva- forma de programar. En 1996, en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad ORT Uruguay se realizó este cambio. Este trabajo pretende investigar sobre cuál es la perspectiva de los alumnos sobre qué es la programación orientada a objetos, qué concepciones tienen y cuál es la utilidad futura que ellos sienten de este aprendizaje. Con el objetivo de colaborar en la mejora de la enseñanza inicial de la programación proporcionando un aspecto diferente a los tradicionales y utilizando el método fenomenográfico de investigación, se realizaron entrevistas, se analizaron cuidadosamente y se arribó a un conjunto de categorías que representan concepciones cualitativamente diferentes del fenómeno estudiado.
Escribir cosas que corresponden a la verdad o se asemejan a la verdad
Authors: Castedo Mirta , Bello Adriana 
Published: March 2018

En este trabajo se analizan las escrituras y reescrituras de textos periodísticos realizadas por un grupo de alumnos de 5º año de educación básica, en una escuela pública de zona semirrural. El grupo está integrado por veinte alumnos, trece niños y siete niñas de entre diez y doce años de edad. Pertenecen a familias que en su mayoría se dedican a la producción hortícola, siendo sus ingresos económicos insuficientes para cubrir las necesidades básicas de vida; estos grupos familiares, calificados en “extrema pobreza”, son originarios de distintas provincias del interior del país y de países limítrofes. Esta diversidad geográfica se expresa en diversidad cultural, así como en diferentes valoraciones de los actos de lectura y escritura. Durante toda su escolaridad y hasta el momento en que se introduce la secuencia didáctica que aquí se analizará, estos niños participaron en modalidades tradicionales de enseñanza.
Un siglo del Manifiesto Liminar: acción política y rebeldía en Defensa de la Universidad colombiana
Authors: Acevedo Tarazona Álvaro , Correa Lugos Andrés David 
Published: March 2018

El objetivo de este artículo de reflexión es analizar el impacto que tiene el Manifiesto Liminar en el accionar político y social de los movimientos sociales universitarios en Colombia. Los estudiantes universitarios utilizan un relato en el cual proponen la rebeldía como el espíritu aglutinante y lo que justifica sus acciones colectivas, esta visión compartida por los jóvenes de Córdoba indica una conexión entre ambas. Este artículo es derivado de un proyecto de investigación que usa una metodología cualitativa con enfoque interpretativo, el cual triangula fuentes primarias como la prensa con entrevistas semiestructuradas y balances historiográficos. Por último, sostiene que la “identidad” generada en medio de la rebeldía y las acciones colectivas en las décadas de 1960 y 1970 sufre una transformación en la década de 1980 hasta llegar al punto máximo de su languidez, cuando el mismo discurso de la revolución es adaptado por el sistema en medio de las reformas neoliberales.
Hábitos de compra de alimentos da população de Ouro Preto (Minas Gerais)
Authors: Oliveira Silvana Pedroso de , Muniz Lidiane Batista , Marlière Claudia Aparecida , Freitas Silvia Nascimento , Fonseca Karina Zanotti , Carvalho Ligia Ribeiro , Cancho Vicente Garibay 
Published: March 2018

Os hábitos de compra de alimentos vão influir no padrão de consumo e na segurança alimentar das famílias. Com o objetivo de avaliar os hábitos de compra de alimentos no Município de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, foi aplicado um questionário a moradores de cento e trinta e sete domicílios, selecionados por amostragem sistemática. O maior gasto com alimentação ocorreu nos supermercados. Os estabelecimentos mais freqüentados foram: açougues, supermercados, padarias e quitandas. Os principais critérios para escolha dos alimentos foram preço e qualidade; para escolha do local de compra os critérios foram preço e higiene do local. A maioria dos entrevistados declarou que planejava suas compras, e mais da metade deles informou que fazia compras a crédito, principalmente nos supermercados e açougues. Os entrevistados costumavam ler as informações contidas nos rótulos dos produtos, principalmente a data de validade, a informação nutricional e a composição do produto. Os principais problemas para o abastecimento de alimentos apontados foram: alto preço dos produtos e número insuficiente de estabelecimentos comerciais no bairro. Os resultados revelam preferência pelo pequeno comércio especializado (açougues, padarias e quitandas) e também pelos supermercados. De maneira geral, observa-se que o preço foi o principal critério considerado, tanto na escolha do alimento como do estabelecimento comercial, o que pode ser associado à baixa renda dos entrevistados.
Redes de segurança alimentar e agricultura familiar: a merenda escolar como instrumento de desenvolvimento local
Authors: Paulillo Luiz Fernando , Almeida Luiz Manoel 
Published: March 2018

O trabalho apresenta um caso concreto de formação de uma rede de capital social em torno da temática da segurança alimentar local, abarcando não somente as condições de saúde das pessoas, de higiene dos alimentos e da autenticidade da produção, mas também a melhora das condições de renda e emprego de pequenos agricultores e trabalhadores rurais. Este trabalho mostra que num município paulista foi possível desenvolver um programa de segurança alimentar com essa amplitude, através da inclusão do suco de laranja natural pasteurizado na merenda escolar. Este caso, ocorrido no centro do cinturão citrícola brasileiro, mostra como mecanismos institucionais desenvolvidos por meio de políticas públicas participativas e organizações locais podem promover o desenvolvimento rural local com possibilidades de inclusão social.
Frequência de consumo de biscoitos “Maria” por escolares de Fortaleza – Ceará: Subsídios para a eleição do produto para fortificação com ferro
Authors: Neumann Dora , Rodrigues Maria do Carmo Passos , Andrade Dalton Francisco de 
Published: March 2018

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a freqüência de consumo de biscoitos “Maria” por escolares visando à eleição deste alimento como veículo para fortificação com ferro e a seleção de escolares para avaliação sensorial do produto fortificado. Participaram da amostra 727 alunos do ensino fundamental de 18 escolas da rede municipal de Fortaleza-CE. Foi aplicado um questionário de freqüência de consumo. A seleção de alunos obedeceu a um plano amostral estratificado, no qual os estratos foram constituídos pelas seis secretarias regionais às quais as escolas estavam vinculadas, sendo as classes de 2ª a 8ª séries do ensino fundamental as unidades primárias de seleção. Para o cálculo da freqüência média de consumo atribuiu-se uma ponderação para os itens de freqüência de: i) 4 – diariamente (consumo elevado); ii) 3 – duas a três vezes por semana (consumo moderado); iii) 2 – uma a duas vezes por mês (consumo baixo); iv) 1- uma a duas vezes por semestre (consumo raro); v) 0 – nunca (nulo). Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados de consumo por sexo, idade e regional, estabelecendo-se uma freqüência de consumo média para estes parâmetros por meio de modelo linear geral, aplicando-se teste estatístico de hipóteses ao nível de significância de 5%. Aproximadamente 60% dos escolares de ambos os gêneros e faixas etárias informaram consumir o produto diariamente ou2 a3 vezes por semana. Uma estimativa única para representar a média para ambos os gêneros foi de 2,34 (DP= 0,04), e para todas as faixas etárias foi de 2,66 (DP= 0,04) sugestiva de consumo moderado. Os resultados revelaram a adequação do produto como veículo para fortificação com ferro, sob o aspecto de consumo e a aptidão do grupo como consumidores potenciais, para a avaliação sensorial do mesmo.
A STUDY OF CORRELATION BETWEEN AGENT, HOST, ENVIRONMENT AND VACCINE FACTORS WITH PREVALENCE OF RABIES IN INDONESIA 2015
Authors: Setyowati Tyas Ika Budi , Machmud Putri Bungsu 
Published: March 2018

A zoonotic disease has been global threat related to health and one of them is rabies. More than 150 countries around the world has infected by rabies disease problem and the case fatality rate (CFR) reaches 100%, which there are 55,000 people died every year because of rabies. In Indonesia, there are 25 from 34 province, which has endemic of rabies disease. The purpose of this study is to know the correlation between the factors of the agent, host, and environment and also anti rabies vaccine with the prevalence of rabies in Indonesia at 2015. The study used correlation design which using Indonesian zoonotic reported data by Ministry of Health and also used other secondary data, which is provided by central bureau of statistic Indonesia (BPS). The provinces that included in this study are the endemic provinces associated with the rabies incident that reported to Ministry of Health and have the completeness of data in 2015. A total of 22 provinces was included in this study, which only use Rabies cases from dog’s bite only. Rabies that source from others animal’s bite could not included in this study because of data limitations. This study used simple linear of regression statistical tests through provincial as unit analysis. The result of this study showed that there were correlations between agent that have positive specimens (r=0.606, P value =0.0003), status of working participation rate (r=0.435, P value 0.004) and also coverage of rabies vaccine (r=-0.567, P value =0.041) with the prevalence of rabies disease. In summary, there are a positive correlation between positive specimen of agent and also status of working participant rate with the prevalence of rabies disease. However, rabies vaccine coverage has negative correlation. Furthermore, there is no correlation between environment factors and prevalence of rabies disease in this study. It still need further research to be more research on a smaller level with variables that varied.
STUDI MORFOLOGI DAN ANALISIS KORELASI ANTAR KARAKTER KOMPONEN HASIL TANAMAN SEREH WANGI (Cymbopogon sp.) DALAM UPAYA PERBAIKAN PRODUKSI MINYAK
Authors: Djoar Djati Waluyo , Sahari Panut , Sugiyono Sugiyono 
Published: March 2018

<p>Study Morphology and Correlation Analysis Inter Componen<br />Yield Caracter of Citronella (Cymbopogon citratus). Lemongrass isfamiliar in Indonesia as a cooking ingredient known as Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). Citronella considered as a rare plant that most peopledo not recognize yet. There are two species of Citronella are known Citronella Lenabatu (Cymbopogon nardus) and Citronella Mahapengiri (Cymbopogon winterianus) which is an essential oil taken as a raw material tomake medicine and perfume. This research was conducted in BKPH Southern Lawu, RPH Watu kempul and consortium village of Sendang, district Jatipuro, Wonogiri on December 2010. The purpose of this research are to find morphology characteristic, yield of essential oil and the variety level of Citronella, that all used as the selection foundation to get a bit of blood. This research uses 30 samples/accessions based on Random Proportions. Observation is conducted on the characteristic of morphology and yield of essential oil, variety level is implemented based on the Cluster analysis with average linkage method. The results show that 24,90% variety of Citronella in the area is not too varied. This variation can be seen from the morphological characteristic, and the differences of yield of essential oil produced.Accessions 26 and accessions 24 have highest oil yield with 1.421% and1.25%. The two samples have similar in the morphology, which they have similar red to purple leaf color, similar in the minimum number of plants inone clump (50-100) and the tall of plant that not too high (150 cm-200 cm).Components of plant cintronella fragrant hat could be use as selection criteria including of low plant hight, shorter of leaf size, number of plants per hill slightly and Shorter of stem length.</p>
Soil Phospholipid Fatty Acid Biomarkers and β‐Glucosidase Activities after Long‐Term Manure and Fertilizer N Applications
Authors: Lupwayi Newton Z. , Kanashiro Derrick A. , Eastman Andrea H. , Hao Xiying 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Thirty‐five annual manure applications increased soil microbial biomass and activity.
Responses occurred mostly in the top 15 cm of soil, with some in the 15‐ to 30‐cm depth
The three times recommended application rate had some microbial responses down to 60 cm of soil.
Twenty annual fertilizer N applications did not affect soil microbial properties.
The microbial properties were positively related to soil organic C.
Manure applications to soil usually increase soil microbial properties, but their vertical distribution is rarely evaluated. Soil phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers and β‐glucosidase activity were measured down to the 120‐ cm depth in a trial that had received annual manure or N fertilizer applications for 37 or 20 yr, respectively. The manure application rates were 0, 60, 120, and 180 Mg ha–1, representing 0×, 1×, 2×, and 3× the recommended rates. The effect of N fertilizer at 100 kg N ha–1 was compared with that of manure at 60 Mg ha–1. Total PLFAs at 60 Mg ha–1 manure rate were 3.2× those of the control, and β‐glucosidase activity 1.9× to 2.4×, but fertilizer N had no effects on soil microbial PLFAs or enzyme activity. These manure effects occurred mostly in the 0‐ to 15‐cm soil depth, with smaller effects in the 15‐ to 30‐cm depth. Increasing manure rate to 180 Mg ha–1 also increased total PLFAs linearly, but quadratic increases were observed for β‐glucosidase activity. The vertical distribution of the responses at 120 Mg ha–1 was similar to that at 60 Mg ha–1; however the 180 Mg ha–1 rate shifted some responses down to the 30‐ to 60‐cm soil depth. These PLFA contents and enzyme activities were positively correlated with soil organic C, total N, and available P. Therefore, manure improved the biological quality of mostly the top 15 cm of soil, but down to 30 or 60 cm for the high manure rates, by increasing microbial biomass and activity, but N fertilizer had no effects.
IMPLEMENTASI PERMAINAN FLOW PADA PEMBANGUNAN SISTEM CAPTCHA
Authors: Setiawan Indra , Raharjo Willy Sudiarto , Susanto Budi 
Published: March 2018

The basic challenge in designing an obfuscating CAPTCHAs is to make them easy enough that users are not dissuaded from attempting a solution, yet still too difficult to solve using available image-based computer vision algorithms. CAPTCHA has been widely used in many web applications and there has been so many research on CAPTCHA. Current technology enables computer to easily solve image-based CAPTCHA with high probability, so we propose another type of CAPTCHA-based authenticaton that can not be solved by utilizing Optical Character Recognition but still easy to use for new users. We implemented the new model of CAPTCHA using FLOW game. We found that the success rate of this new system is 92.025%, completion time is 6.3614s, and 81,67% of users are able to solve it in less than 10s.
Leveling the playing field for Metro Manila's impoverished households
Authors: Torio Philamer C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Metro Manila's water privatization is one of the world's largest and longest-running privatization programs for a water utility. While traditional efficiency metrics show significantly improved service levels under this schema, local anti-privatization activists maintain that the program does not benefit the urban poor. Assessments from an equity lens offer a fresh perspective, using information from a consumer survey of 53,733 residential households, privatization reports, and field interviews. Results show that access and affordability remain critical concerns for impoverished urban households despite major service improvements. Philippine policy makers must address these twin concerns in order to ensure a level playing field for these vulnerable households.
Long-term operation of a novel electrically-enhanced biomass concentrator reactor for wastewater treatment
Authors: Cecconet D. , Callegari A. , Capodaglio A. G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Membrane biological reactors (MBRs) are a key technology in wastewater treatment nowadays. However, due to their high construction cost and energetic requirements, alternatives based on the same principle of biomass retention have been designed and operated. Amongst these, biomass concentrator reactors (BCRs), using a coarser filter medium instead of a membrane, have shown to be able to remove a wide range of contaminants from wastewater and groundwater. A new BCR-derived technology enhanced with an electric field, called the electrically-enhanced biomass concentrator reactor (E2BCR), was designed and tested for urban wastewater treatment at different organic loads for a period of 180 days. The electrically-enhanced reactor showed better chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal performances than a non-enhanced control reactor (92.4% and 83.6% respectively) thanks also to electrocoagulation effects, and a lower fouling tendency, and proved to be more energy efficient in comparison with the control reactor in terms of energy consumption per mass of COD removed.
Treatment Considerations for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Assessment of Treatment Response
Authors: Frantz Robert P. 
Published: March 2018

The process of considering initial treatment options for a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), implementing that treatment, and reassessing response can be conceived as a 7-step process. A patient-centered approach, conducted in the context of a pulmonary hypertension care team, implements these steps in a thoughtful and well-organized fashion.Step 1: Perform a thorough diagnostic evaluationStep 2: Consider patient PAH classification and comorbiditiesStep 3: Assess risk profileStep 4: Develop a nuanced understanding of patient goals and preferencesStep 5: Create an initial treatment strategyStep 6: Implement a proactive longitudinal follow-up care planStep 7: Adjust treatment approach based on clear metrics of effectiveness and tolerability
The burgeoning array of treatment options for PAH provides the opportunity to tailor therapy to the needs of individual patients, but also demands that the clinician develop a cogent strategy for initiating therapy, monitoring therapeutic response, and addressing side effects of therapy. In this review, we seek to provide a practical framework for approaching this challenge.
Platelet-Derived Exosomes Affect the Proliferation and Migration of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Via miR-126
Authors: Sun Yan , Liu Xiao-li , Zhang Dai , Liu Fang , Cheng Yu-jing , Ma Yue , Zhou Yu-jie , Zhao Ying-xin 
Published: March 2018

Background:Intraplaque angiogenesis, the process of generating new blood vessels mediated by endothelial cells, contributes to plaque growth, intraplaque hemorrhage, and thromboembolic events. Platelet-derived Exosomes (PLT-EXOs) affect angiogenesis in multiple ways. The ability of miR-126, one of the best-characterized miRNAs that regulates angiogenesis, carried by PLT-EXOs to influence angiogenesis via the regulation of the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PLT-EXOs on angiogenesis by Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs).Methods:We evaluated the levels of miR-126 and angiogenic factors in PLT-EXOs from Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients and healthy donors by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and western blotting. We incubated HUVECs with PLT-EXOs and measured cell proliferation and migration with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and scratch assay, respectively. We also investigated the expression of miR-126 and angiogenic factors in HUVECs after exposure to PLT-EXOs by western blotting and real-time PCR.Results:PLT-EXOs from ACS patients contained higher levels of miR-126 and angiogenic factors, including Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1), than those from healthy donors (p<0.05). Moreover, the levels of exosomal miR-126 and angiogenic factors were increased after stimulation with thrombin (p<0.01). HUVEC proliferation and migration were promoted by treatment with activated PLT-EXOs (p<0.01); they were accompanied by the over-expression of miR-126 and angiogenic factors, including VEGF, bFGF, and TGF-β1 (p<0.01).Conclusion:Activated PLT-EXOs promoted the proliferation and migration of HUVECs, and the overexpression of miR-126 and angiogenic factors, thereby elucidating potential new therapeutic targets for intraplaque angiogenesis.