bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanded CD14hiCD16− Immunosuppressive Monocytes Predict Disease Severity in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Zhang Ruling , Shi Juanjuan , Zhang Rulin , Ni Jianbo , Habtezion Aida , Wang Xingpeng , Hu Guoyong , Xue Jing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Mild acute pancreatitis (AP) is a self-limiting disease, whereas severe AP has high mortality because of enhanced systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. In experimental models of AP, infiltration of monocytes and activation of monocyte-derived macrophages largely determine the severity of the disease. Our previous studies have shown that CD11b+Ly-6Chi inflammatory monocytes were mobilized from bone marrow into peripheral blood and inflamed pancreas during the early stage of AP. However, the phenotype and characteristics of circulating monocytes in patients with AP are not well defined. Fifty patients with AP and nine age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Compared with those of healthy volunteers, the proportion of CD14hiCD16− monocytes and the level of myeloid-related cytokines/chemokines were increased in AP patients within 48 h after disease onset, especially in patients with a severe disease course. Moreover, the increased monocyte proportions were associated with decreased HLA-DR expression and a reduced T cell count. Notably, dynamic changes in circulating CD14hiCD16− monocytes and their HLA-DR expression, as well as in CD4+ T cells, were obviously different between moderate severe AP and severe AP. Last, area under the receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the combination of CD14hiCD16− monocyte proportions with their HLA-DR level had higher accuracy for predicting the severity of AP. Taken together, the ratio of CD14hiCD16− monocytes and their HLA-DR level might assist in predicting the severity of disease in AP patients at admission and in monitoring patients’ clinical status during recovery.
Assessing Entrustable Professional Activities Using an Orientation OSCE: Identifying the Gaps
Authors: CarlLee Sheena , Rowat Jane , Suneja Manish 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
A residency program's intern cohort is comprised of individuals from different medical schools that place varying levels of emphasis on Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency (CEPAERs). Program directors have expressed concerns about the preparedness of medical school graduates. Though guiding principles for implementation of the CEPAERs have been published, studies using this framework to assess interns' baseline skills during orientation are limited.

Objective
A CEPAER-based objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) was implemented with the aims to (1) assess each intern's baseline clinical skills and provide formative feedback; (2) determine an intern's readiness for resident responsibilities; (3) inform individualized education plans; and (4) address identified gaps through curricular change.

Methods
During orientation, all 33 interns from internal medicine (categorical, preliminary, and medicine-psychiatry) participated in the OSCE. Six 20-minute stations evaluated 8 EPAs. Faculty completed a global assessment, and standardized patients completed a communications checklist and global assessment. All interns completed a self-assessment of baseline skills and a post-OSCE survey.

Results
Stations assessing handoffs, informed consent, and subjective, objective, assessment, and plan (SOAP) note were the lowest-performing stations. Interns performed lower in skills for which they did not report previous training. Formal instruction was incorporated into didactic sessions for the lowest-performing stations. The majority of interns indicated that the assessment was useful, and immediate feedback was beneficial.

Conclusions
This OSCE during orientation offers just-in-time baseline information regarding interns' critical skills and may lead to individualized feedback as well as continuous curricular improvement.
Carbon monoxide air pollution on sub-city scales and along arterial roads detected by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument
Authors: Borsdorff Tobias , aan de Brugh Joost , Pandey Sudhanshu , Hasekamp Otto , Aben Ilse , Houweling Sander , Landgraf Jochen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 Precursor
satellite provides measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) total column
concentrations based on earthshine radiance measurements in the
2.3 µm spectral range with a spatial resolution of
7 km×7 km and daily global coverage. Due to the high
accuracy of the observations, CO pollution can be detected over cities and
industrial areas using single orbit overpasses. In this study, we analyzed
local CO enhancements in an area around Iran from 1 November to 20 December
2017. We employed the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model v3.8.1
using the EDGAR v4.2 emission inventory and evaluated CO emissions from the
cities of Tehran, Yerevan, Urmia, and Tabriz on a spatial resolution
comparable to that of TROPOMI. For background conditions, the WRF simulation
agrees well with TROPOMI CO, with a mean difference of 5.7 %. However,
the emissions for the city area had to be significantly increased in order to
match the observations. Moreover, significant differences at the sub-city
scale remain. To match the TROPOMI CO observations around the Armenian city
of Yerevan, it is necessary to introduce CO emissions along a southeast
arterial road of Yerevan. Overall, this hints at deficits in the EDGAR
inventory in the region around Iran and indicates TROPOMI's capability to
identify localized CO pollution on sub-city scales, which at the same time
challenges current atmospheric modeling at high spatial and temporal
resolution.
“You Think I'm Joking”: Examining the Weaponized Comedy of President Obama's Stand-Up Addresses at the White House Correspondents’ Association Dinner
Authors: Nixon James 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Satire and stand-up comedy are forms of cultural examination generally perceived as tools used by everyday citizens against the powerful and not by the powerful themselves. This article examines the less-analyzed side of stand-up comedy and satire as malleable instruments of cultural interrogation when employed by powerful agents such as President Obama. Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of carnival and Henri Bergson's concept of humor as a form of social corrective in my textual analysis of his stand-up addresses, this article interprets how Obama's on-the-offensive, comically insulting addresses provided a unique way for him to attempt to normalize political criticisms and controversies, such as the “birther theory” and his administration's drone program. In its interpretation of a substantial satirical and comic strategy within Obama's stand-up addresses, this article reflects on the nature of modern satire and stand-up comedy and their complex relationship with forms of American power.
Het Engelse Supreme Court over het wijzigingsbeding in commerciële contracten
Authors: Schelhaas H.N. 
Published: March 2019

Het Engelse Supreme Court over het wijzigingsbeding in commerciële contracten
Medio 2018 deed het Engelse Supreme Court een belangrijke uitspraak over de afdwingbaarheid van een no oral modification clause. In dit artikel wordt deze uitspraak besproken en geconfronteerd met het Nederlandse recht op dit punt.
Het non-concurrentiebeding in de franchiseovereenkomst anno 2019
Authors: Kolenbrander J.H. 
Published: March 2019

Het non-concurrentiebeding in de franchiseovereenkomst anno 2019
In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van recente jurisprudentie op het gebied van het non-concurrentiebeding in de franchiseovereenkomst mede in het licht van de Wet franchise.
The Discourse of Arabic Advertising: Preliminary Investigations
Authors: Gully Adrian 
Published: March 2019

This article explores the discourse of commercial consumer advertising in the written and visual media of Egypt. After setting advertisements in the context of genres and schemas, it focuses mainly on the relationship between language and cultural representation within the discourse of advertising. The paper places special emphasis on the role of intertextuality within the advertising framework. It also assesses the effectiveness of using different language levels in a given advertisement or commercial, and looks at the deployment of rhetorical devices to reinforce the advertising message.
Ibn Faḍlān and the Rūsiyyah
Authors: Montgomery James E. 
Published: March 2019

Ibn Faḍlān's account of the caliphal embassy from Baghdad to the King of the Volga Bulghārs in the early fourth/tenth century is one of our principal, textual sources for the history, ethnogenesis and polity formation of a number of tribes and peoples who populated Inner Asia. Of especial significance is his description of a people whom he calls the Rūsiyyah. Attempts to identify this people have been the stuff of controversy for almost two centuries and have largely focused on how this description can be made to contribute to the Normanist Controversy (the principal, but by no means the only, controversy concerns the extent of Viking involvement in the creation of Russia). This article provides a fresh, annotated translation of Ibn Faḍlān's passage and considers a multiplicity of identities for the Rūsiyyah.
Islam and Crime: The Moral Community of Muslims
Authors: Serajzadeh Seyed Hossein 
Published: March 2019

International crime statistics indicate that in Islamic countries crime rates are lower than in other countries. This feature of Islamic countries is most often explained by two factors: a) the relatively low level of development, which has a positive effect on crime rates, and b) the strictness of Islamic penal law. Providing some evidence, this article maintains that the first factor fails to explain properly the difference in the crime rates of Islamic and non-Islamic countries at a similar level of development. It also argues that the second explanation is a reductionist one. Following a Weberian approach, the article develops the argument that the content and structure of Islamic belief and practice is the dominant shared element among Islamic countries. It has given rise to a particular socio-cultural structure among Muslims, one of the impacts of which has been the low crime rate. Islamic beliefs and practice, therefore, are discussed as the main explanatory factor for the low crime rate in Islamic countries. (Keywords: religion, crime, development, Islam, Shari’a, Islamic law, Muslim attitudes.)
"I Wish to be Seen in our Land Called Āfrikā": ʿUmar B. Sayyid's Appeal to be Released from Slavery (1819)
Authors: Hunwick John 
Published: March 2019

While Muslims were forbidden to enslave Muslims, in Africa, in battles between Muslims and non-Muslims, sometimes the latter captured Muslims, and sold them to European/American ship crews, who were seeking slaves to take across to America and sell, since Americans could use Muslims as slaves. ʿUmar b. Sayyid (or, more likely, Saʿīd) was captured in Futa Toro in 1806/7, exported, and sold as a slave in South Carolina. Later he was bought by the brother of a subsequent governor of North Carolina and lived with both of them for some thirty years. ʿUmar had learned Arabic in Africa, but as an aging slave forgot some of the rules of the language. Nevertheless, in 1819 he wrote an Arabic document, translated below, in which he quotes many parts of the Koran and seeks return to his homeland in Africa. The Koranic passages surround his statement: “I wish to be seen in our land called Āfrikā”. However, he was forced to stay in America until he died in 1864, long after writing an Arabic autobiography.
Freedom of Expression and Censorship in Medieval Arabic Literature
Authors: Szombathy Zoltan 
Published: March 2019

This article explores the restraints placed upon literary production in medieval Arabic literature (particularly poetry) and the ways in which such control was effected. After surveying the various ways of controlling the production of texts, which ranged from mild self-censorship to the actual execution of authors by state authorities, we will try to find general patterns in the data, with a special emphasis on the different treatment of lèse-religion and lèse-majesté respectively.
The Place of the Etymon and the Phonetic Matrix in the Arabic Mental Lexicon
Authors: Mahfoudhi Abdessatar 
Published: March 2019

Two units have traditionally been proposed as the basis of the organization of the Arabic lexicon: the root and the stem. The root approach, the most common, is based on the root and pattern theory of Arabic morphology (e.g., McCarthy 1981), which contends that derivation is based on the interleaving of consonantal roots into patterns. By contrast, the stem approach is based on the stem-based theory of Arabic morphology (e.g., Benmamoun 1999) whose main tenet is that the stem is the basis of derivation. More recently, Bohas (e.g., 2000) has challenged these two approaches. He proposes that the Arabic lexicon is organized in three layers under three units: the phonetic matrix, the etymon, and the ‘radical’. These three proposals have different implications for the Arabic mental lexicon. This study discusses these theories with a focus on the validity of the notions of the etymon and matrix in the Arabic mental lexicon in light of old and new psycholinguistic evidence. Keywords: Arabic morphology, root, pattern, etymon, phonetic matrix, psycholinguistics, lexicon.
A Legal Aesthetic of Medieval and Pre-Modern Arab-Muslim Urban Architectural Space
Authors: O’Meara Simon 
Published: March 2019

Despite growing scholarly awareness of an historical element of Islamic law concerning the regulation of the medieval and pre-modern Arab-Muslim medina’s architectural environment, a clear statement regarding the history, genealogy, nature, and reach of this element has yet to be made. The present article provides such a report and proposes that this element of Islamic law (fiqh al-bunyān) be considered a discourse that established a legal aesthetic of architectural space and contributed towards the replication of the medina environment.
The Transmission of Ibn Saʿd’s Biographical Dictionary "Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-kabīr"
Authors: Atassi Ahmad Nazir 
Published: March 2019

This article develops the concepts and tools for the systematic study of the mechanics of survival for medieval Islamic books. These concepts and tools are then applied to studying the history of the earliest extant biographical dictionary of the Islamic tradition: Ibn Saʿd’s Ṭabaqāt. First, the book’s transmitters and their historical contexts are investigated using a large number of transmission chains. Then, conclusions are extracted from this data concerning the book’s authorship, the survival process of its many versions, and the trajectories of its geographical diffusion at different phases of its long life.
Forbidden Knowledge? Notes on the Production, Transmission, and Reception of the Major Works of Aḥmad al-Būnī
Authors: Gardiner Noah 
Published: March 2019

This article is a preliminary presentation of findings from an extensive survey of the large manuscript corpus of works attributed to the 7th/13thcentury Sufi and putative ‘magician’ Aḥmad al-Būnī. In addition to addressing the texts themselves, the survey has included attention to patterns over time in the reproduction of works, and to paratexts such as transmission certificates and ownership notices. Through detailed presentation of the latter, the article serves in a part as a methodological demonstration. It presents: 1) new information on al-Būnī’s life; 2) a brief overview of the major works of the medieval Būnian corpus, with a proposal that five of these works can be attributed most securely to al-Būnī; 3) a discussion of the spread of Būnian works between the 8th/14th and 10th/16th centuries; and 4) evidence that the work through which al-Būnī is best known, Shams al-ma ʿārif al-kubrā, is in significant ways a product of the early 11th/17th century, and that at least two lines of teachers claimed for al-Būnī in this work were plagiarized from the works of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Bisṭāmī. It is argued that the tenor of al-Būnī’s teachings and the history of their reception have been broadly misunderstood due to reliance on printed editions and a modern scholarly disinclination to regard the occult sciences as a serious topic of inquiry. It ends with a call for more complete integration of manuscript studies into the broader field of Islamic historical studies.
Chronic optogenetic induction of stress granules is cytotoxic and reveals the evolution of ALS-FTD pathology
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Fan Baochang , Yang Peiguo , Temirov Jamshid , Messing James , Kim Hong Joo , Taylor J Paul 
Published: March 2019

Stress granules (SGs) are non-membrane-bound RNA-protein granules that assemble through phase separation in response to cellular stress. Disturbances in SG dynamics have been implicated as a primary driver of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), suggesting the hypothesis that these diseases reflect an underlying disturbance in the dynamics and material properties of SGs. However, this concept has remained largely untestable in available models of SG assembly, which require the confounding variable of exogenous stressors. Here we introduce a light-inducible SG system, termed OptoGranules, based on optogenetic multimerization of G3BP1, which is an essential scaffold protein for SG assembly. In this system, which permits experimental control of SGs in living cells in the absence of exogenous stressors, we demonstrate that persistent or repetitive assembly of SGs is cytotoxic and is accompanied by the evolution of SGs to cytoplasmic inclusions that recapitulate the pathology of ALS-FTD.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
The Adaptation of Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2 within an Omani Context: Some Initial Findings
Authors: Sahar El Shourbagi, , Sabry M. Abd-El-Fattah, 
Published: March 2019

Aim: The aim of the present study was to report some initial findings concerning the validity and reliability of the Omani version of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2 (OM-GARS-2).
Sample: The sample of the study included 90 children aged 8-14 years and divided into two groups: Autistic group (n = 45), enrolled in two public centers of autism care in two governorates in Oman, and normal group (n =45), enrolled in two public schools in two governorates in Oman.
Raters Sample: A total of 8 teachers (4 males and 4 females) working in these centers rated students on the OM-GARS-2. And 7 teachers (4 males and 3 females) in these schools rated students on the OM-GARS-2. All ratings were performed over a three-week period.
Methodology: To answer the research questions, two types of reliability indictors were computed: (1) test-retest reliability, and (2) internal consistency reliability. Then, Pearson correlation coefficient was computed between students’ scores on OM-ABC which is studied by several researchers and the total score and the OM-GARS-2 subscales as well as total score. Finally, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted where group (autistic vs. normal) was set as an independent variable (factor) and the OM-GARS-2 subscales and Autism index was set as criterion variable to test the hypothesis that there would be one or more mean differences between groups.
Results: The results of the study showed the OM-GARS-2 had temporal stability and internal consistency reliability. The OM-GARS-2 had criterion (type concurrent) validity and discriminant validity.
Conclusion: To conclude, the reliability and validity indices of OM-GARS-2 are very similar to that of the original GARS-2 [1] and other studies conducted internationally.
Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Potential of the Stem Barks Aqueous Extract of Albizia ferruginea (Guill. & Perr.) Benth. (Mimosaceae) in Rats and Mice
Authors: Kuum M. G. Minoué , Lambou A. Fotio , Kiki G. Atsang A. , Ndzana M. T. Bella , Keugni B. A. , Moukette B. Moukette , Mezui C. , Djomeni P. D. Dzeufiet , Dimo T. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: The present research was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic potential of aqueous extract of Albizia ferruginea stem bark.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal Biology and Physiology (Animal Physiology Laboratory), Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I. between March 2012 and June 2016.
Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyzes were done.The anti-inflammatory effect of the plant extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) was investigated on carrageenan, histamine, serotonin or dextran-induced paw oedema. The analgesic activity was evaluated on acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced nociception, hot plate and tail immersion tests in Swiss albino mice. The antipyretic activity of A. ferruginea extract was assessed on brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia.
Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the AEAF revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoïds, phenols, saponins, tannins, glycosides, tannins and steroids. For quantitative phytochemical analysis, total flavonols represent 0.12±0.04 mg EQT/g dried extract and the total phenol content was 58.69±0.65 mg ECA/g dried extract. The total flavonoids content was 0.18±0.01mg EQT/g dried extract).The total alkaloids presented a grade of 27.45±0.14 mg EBER/g dried extract. Carrageenan, dextran, histamine and serotonin-induced inflammation were significantly inhibited by A. ferruginea’s extract (200 mg/kg), exhibiting 55.47%, 50.26%, 62.88% and 42.59% inhibition, respectively. Acetic acid-induced writhing was significantly reduced by the plant extract. The extract of Albizia ferruginea (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the second phase of formalin test. The analgesic tests revealed that A. ferruginea had only peripheral analgesic effect. Additionally, the plant’s extract prevented brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats.
Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that A. ferruginea’s aqueous extract has anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic properties and this strongly supports the ethnopharmacological uses.