bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zonal-Mean Atmospheric Dynamics of Slowly Rotating Terrestrial Planets
Authors: Colyer G. J. , Vallis G. K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe zonal-mean atmospheric flow of an idealized terrestrial planet is investigated using both numerical simulations and zonally symmetric theories, focusing largely on the limit of low planetary rotation rate. Two versions of a zonally symmetric theory are considered, the standard Held–Hou model, which features a discontinuous zonal wind at the edge of the Hadley cell, and a variant with continuous zonal wind but discontinuous temperature. The two models have different scalings for the boundary latitude and zonal wind. Numerical simulations are found to have smoother temperature profiles than either model, with no temperature or velocity discontinuities even in zonally symmetric simulations. Continuity is achieved in part by the presence of an overturning circulation poleward of the point of maximum zonal wind, which allows the zonal velocity profile to be smoother than the original theory without the temperature discontinuities of the variant theory. Zonally symmetric simulations generally fall between the two sets of theoretical scalings, and have a faster polar zonal flow than either set. Three-dimensional simulations, which allow for the eddy motion that is missing from both models, fall closer to the scalings of the variant model. At very low rotation rates the maximum zonal wind falls with falling planetary rotation rate, and is zero at zero rotation. The low-rotation limit of the overturning circulation, however, is strong enough to drive the temperature profile close to a state of nearly constant potential temperature.
Jet–Precipitation Relation and Future Change of the Mei-Yu–Baiu Rainband and Subtropical Jet in CMIP5 Coupled GCM Simulations
Authors: Horinouchi Takeshi , Matsumura Shinji , Ose Tomoaki , Takayabu Yukari N. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Through extensive modeling efforts, it has been established that the ongoing global warming will increase the overall precipitation associated with the East Asian summer monsoon, but the future change of its spatial distribution has not reached a consensus. In this study, meridional shifts of the mei-yu–baiu rainband are studied in association with the subtropical jet by using outputs from atmosphere–ocean coupled climate models provided by CMIP5. The models reproduce observed associations between the jet and precipitation over wide time scales from synoptic to interannual. The same relation is found in intermodel differences in simulated climatology, so that the meridional locations of the jet and baiu precipitation are positively correlated. The multimodel-mean projection suggests that the both are shifted southward by the late twenty-first century. This shift is not inconsistent with the projected tropical expansion, not only because the change is local but also because the projected tropical expansion occurs mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. No significant future change in the continental mei-yu precipitation location is identified, which might be because the jet change is weak there. For comparison, the summertime Atlantic jet position, which shifts northward, is investigated briefly. This study suggests that the future change of the subtropical jet is an important aspect to investigate possible future changes of the baiu rainband, and it prompts further studies including the role of the ocean.
Biological variation of intact fibroblast growth factor 23 measured on a fully automated chemiluminescent platform
Authors: Jabor Antonín , Kubíček Zdenek , Komrsková Jitka , Vacková Tereza , Vymětalík Jiří , Franeková Janka 
Published: February 2019

Background Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a potent regulator of phosphate and vitamin D metabolism, is a new biomarker of kidney, bone and cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the biological variation of intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23). Methods The within-subject (CVI) and between-subject (CVG) biological variations were assessed in 14 healthy volunteers in a six-week protocol (seven samples). Imprecision (CVA) was assessed by duplicate measurements and the EP15-A2 protocol. Intact FGF23 was measured using a fully automated chemiluminescent assay (Liaison XL, DiaSorin S.p.A., Saluggia, Italy). Two methods with different sensitivities to non-Gaussian distribution were used to estimate the CVI, SD ANOVA and CV ANOVA methods. We calculated the index of individuality (II) and reference change values. Results Depending on the statistical method used, the CVI and CVA were 14.2 and 3.7% (SD ANOVA) or 12.5 and 3.9% (CV ANOVA), respectively. The corresponding reference change values were 40.5 and 36.4%, respectively. The CVG was 13.4% (SD ANOVA was the only option), and the total imprecision (EP15-A2) was less than 7%. Conclusions The measurement of iFGF23 demonstrated a CVA less than 4% during the experimental estimation of biological variation. The total imprecision was less than 7% in the EP15-A2 experiment. The CVI values of iFGF23 in healthy persons were 14.2 (SD ANOVA) and 12.5% (CV ANOVA), respectively. The CVG was 13.4%, and the resulting index of individuality was 1.06. The reference change value was less than 41%. The availability of this automated assay for iFGF23 with well-characterized biological variation data delivers opportunities for improved availability and application of this assay clinically.
The Flexibility of Short-radius Pipe-bends
Authors: Gross Nicol , Ford Hugh 
Published: February 2019

Experimental results are presented for the stresses and deflexions of typical pipe-bends of small bend radius and of thin wall section. The bends were subjected to external moments and, in one test, to a combination of an external moment and internal pressure. It is shown that the calculation methods based on Kármán's assumptions and analysis are inadequate for predicting the stresses and flexibility of bends of this type, but the modification of Kármán's analysis, described in the companion paper, is shown to be satisfactory down to values of the pipe factor of 2 hR/r2 = 0·09, where 2 h is the thickness of pipe, r the mean radius and R the radius of curvature, and to values of R/r = 2·2. The effect of superimposed internal pressure is to reduce the peak stresses arising from the externally applied moment, and, even when the pressure was raised to 2½ times the maximum working pressure, the bend was subjected to no more severe stress combination than in the pressureless state. Consideration is given to the design of pipe-bends, and it is shown that a simple and reliable method of calculating safe working conditions can be derived. The MS. of this paper was received at the Institution on 28th August 1952. For the report of the meeting in London, on 12th December 1952, at which this paper was presented, see Proc. I. Mech.E. (A) 1952, vol. 166, p. 406.
Psychometric Properties of Two Brief Versions of Cognitive, Insomnia-Specific Measures: The Anxiety and Preoccupation About Sleep Questionnaire and the Sleep-Associated Monitoring Index
Authors: Jansson-Fröjmark Markus , Sunnhed Rikard 
Published: February 2019

Aim The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of two brief versions of previously validated cognitive process measures in insomnia: the Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire and the Sleep-Associated Monitoring Index. Methods Two samples (168 students and 219 patients with insomnia disorder) completed original and brief versions of the two measures (Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire-Brief version and Sleep-Associated Monitoring Index-Brief version). Also, they filled out sociodemographic questions, sleep items, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Results In both samples, the internal consistencies of the two brief versions were acceptable at α = .70 to.72. The correlations between the original and brief versions were significant at .79 to .82. The two brief versions were also significantly associated with insomnia severity and nighttime symptomatology. In the student sample, those with likely insomnia disorder (14.9% of the sample) scored significantly higher on the two brief versions, relative to those without insomnia. Conclusion The two brief versions, Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire-Brief version and Sleep-Associated Monitoring Index-Brief version, displayed acceptable psychometric properties. This implies that the two brief versions might be viable alternatives for use in clinical and research settings.
Recreational use of psychedelics is associated with elevated personality trait openness: Exploration of associations with brain serotonin markers
Authors: Erritzoe David , Smith James , Fisher Patrick M , Carhart-Harris Robin , Frokjaer Vibe G , Knudsen Gitte M 
Published: February 2019

Background: Recent studies have suggested therapeutic benefits of psychedelics for a variety of mental health conditions. The understanding of how single psychedelic administrations can induce long-lasting effects are, in large, still lacking. However, recent studies in both healthy and clinical populations suggest a role for personality changes. Aim: To test support for some of these plausible mechanisms we evaluated (cross-sectional) associations between recreational use of psychedelics and 3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and (a) personality measures and (b) key markers of cerebral serotonergic signalling (serotonin transporter and serotonin-2A-receptor binding). Methods: In 10 psychedelic-preferring recreational users, 14 MDMA-preferring users and 21 non-using controls, personality was assessed using the ‘big five‘ instrument Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). Frontal serotonin transporter and serotonin-2A-receptor binding potentials were quantified using [11C]DASB and [18F]altanserin positron emission tomography, respectively. Results: Of the five NEO-PI-R traits, only openness to experience scores differed between the three groups; psychedelic-preferring recreational users showing higher openness to experience scores when compared with both MDMA-preferring users and controls. Openness to experience scores were positively associated with lifetime number of psychedelic exposures, and among all MDMA-preferring user/psychedelic-preferring recreational user individuals, frontal serotonin transporter binding – but not frontal serotonin-2A-receptor binding – was positively associated with openness to experience. Conclusion: Our findings from this cross-sectional study support increasing evidence of a positive association between psychedelic experiences and openness to experience, and (a) expands this to the context of ‘recreational’ psychedelics use, and (b) links serotonergic neurotransmission to openness to experience. A modulation of personality induced by psychedelic experiences may have important therapeutic implications via its impact on peoples’ value systems, cognitive flexibility, and individual and social behaviour.
A Systematic Review of Psychological Trauma Interventions for Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Rhoden Michelle-Ann , Macgowan Mark J. , Huang Hui 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: This review discusses the efficacy of trauma-specific interventions among juvenile offenders. Method: The reviewers conducted a comprehensive search of trauma intervention studies completed in the United States in peer-reviewed journals, highlighting their methodological rigor by using the risk of bias tool for quantitative studies and Wu, Wyant, and Fraser's guidelines for qualitative studies. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria; fourteen studies used quantitative and two used qualitative research designs. Nine studies reported medium to large effects on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and five assessed externalizing behavioral problems. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy demonstrated the most rigor and had the largest reductions on PTSD symptoms followed by trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. Art therapy was the most rigorous qualitative study, but the intervention did not focus on reducing trauma symptoms. Discussion: Overall, most interventions were effective in reducing participants’ PTSD symptoms, but little is known about their effects on externalizing behavioral problems.
Assessing Relationships Between Muslim Physicians’ Religiosity and End-of-Life Health-Care Attitudes and Treatment Recommendations: An Exploratory National Survey
Authors: Duivenbode Rosie , Hall Stephen , Padela Aasim I. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Research demonstrates that the attitudes of religious physicians toward end-of-life care treatment can differ substantially from their nonreligious colleagues. While there are various religious perspectives regarding treatment near the end of life, the attitudes of Muslim physicians in this area are largely unknown. Objective: This article attempts to fill in this gap by presenting American Muslim physician attitudes toward end-of-life care decision-making and by examining associations between physician religiosity and these attitudes. Methods: A randomized national sample of 626 Muslim physicians completed a mailed questionnaire assessing religiosity and end-of-life care attitudes. Religiosity, religious practice, and bioethics resource utilization were analyzed as predictors of quality-of-life considerations, attitudes regarding withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment, and end-of-life treatment recommendations at the bivariate and multivariable level. Results: Two-hundred fifty-five (41% response rate) respondents completed surveys. Most physicians reported that religion was either very or the most important part of their life (89%). Physicians who reported consulting Islamic bioethics literature more often had higher odds of recommending active treatment over hospice care in an end-of-life case vignette. Physicians who were more religious had higher odds of viewing withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment more ethically and psychologically challenging than withholding it and had lower odds of agreeing that one should always comply with a competent patient’s request to withdraw life-sustaining treatment. Discussion: Religiosity appears to impact Muslim physician attitudes toward various aspects of end-of-life health-care decision-making. Greater research is needed to evaluate how this relationship manifests itself in patient care conversations and shared clinical decision-making in the hospital.
Algorithm for Management of Periprosthetic Ankle Fractures
Authors: Lazarides Alexander L. , Vovos Tyler J. , Reddy Gireesh B. , DeOrio James K. , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Evidence on the management of and outcomes from periprosthetic fractures about a total ankle replacement (TAR) are limited. The purpose of this study was to develop an algorithm for the management of patients with postoperative periprosthetic fractures about a TAR. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing a TAR from 2007 through 2017 with a subsequent periprosthetic fracture >4 weeks from index surgery. Implant stability was defined radiographically and intraoperatively where appropriate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify differences in outcomes. Thirty-two patients were identified with a remote TAR periprosthetic fracture with an average follow-up of 26 months (range, 3-104 months). Results: Most fractures were located about the medial malleolus (62.5%); the majority of fractures (75%) were deemed to have stable implants. Fractures of the talus always had unstable implants and always required revision TAR surgery (100%, P = .0002). There was no difference in patient-reported outcomes between stable and unstable fractures at an average of 36 months. In a multivariate analysis, fracture location (talus), less time to fracture, and implant type were found to be predictive of unstable implants ( P < .001). Implant stability was independently associated with the need for revision surgery ( P < .049). Nonoperative treatment was independently associated with treatment failure ( P < .001). Conclusion: The majority of stable fractures about a TAR required operative fixation. Management with immobilization was fraught with a high rate of subsequent surgical intervention. We found that fractures about the talus required revision TAR surgery or arthrodesis. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Impaired cough suppression in chronic refractory cough
Authors: Cho Peter S.P. , Fletcher Hannah V. , Turner Richard D. , Jolley Caroline J. , Birring Surinder S. 
Published: February 2019

Functional brain imaging in individuals with chronic cough demonstrates reduced activation in cortical regions associated with voluntary cough suppression. Little is known about the ability of patients with chronic cough to suppress cough. This study aimed to compare the ability to voluntarily suppress cough during inhaled capsaicin challenge in participants with chronic refractory cough with that in healthy controls. In addition, this study aimed to assess the repeatability of capsaicin challenge test with voluntary cough suppression.Participants with chronic refractory cough and healthy controls underwent inhaled capsaicin challenge tests while attempting to suppress their cough responses. After 5 days, either a conventional capsaicin challenge test with no cough suppression attempt, or a repeat test with an attempt at cough suppression was performed. Threshold capsaicin concentrations required to elicit one, two and five coughs were calculated by interpolation. Objective 24-h cough frequency was measured in individuals with chronic refractory cough.Healthy controls were able to suppress capsaicin-evoked cough while participants with chronic refractory cough were not. Geometric mean±sdcapsaicin dose thresholds for five coughs with (CS5) and without (C5) suppression attempts were 254.40±3.78versus45.89±3.95 µmol·L−1, respectively, in healthy controls (p=0.033) and 3.34±5.04versus3.86±5.13 µmol·L−1, respectively, in participants with chronic refractory cough (p=0.922). Capsaicin dose thresholds for triggering five coughs with self-attempted cough suppression were significantly lower in participants with chronic refractory cough than in healthy controls; geometric mean±sd4.94±4.43versus261.10±4.34 µmol·L−1, respectively; mean difference (95% CI) 5.72 (4.54–6.91) doubling doses (p<0.001). Repeatability of cough suppression test in both patients and healthy controls was high; intraclass correlation coefficients of log(CS5) values 0.81 and 0.87, respectively. CS5 was associated with objective cough frequency (ρ=−0.514, p=0.029).Participants with chronic refractory cough were less able to voluntarily suppress capsaicin-evoked cough compared to healthy controls. This may have important implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic cough.
EXERCISE PROGRAMMING FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Chiarlitti Nathan A. , Sirois Alexandra , Andersen Ross E. , Bartlett Susan J. 
Published: February 2019

Apply It!
1) Health care professionals will be able to describe why physical activity promotion and exercise programming is especially important for people with rheumatoid arthritis.
2) Health care professionals will learn the importance of ongoing communication with clients to identify potential barriers to exercise and finding solutions to staying active.
3) Health care professionals will be able to describe how to modify exercise programming to accommodate clients with stiff or swollen joints and suboptimal range of motion associated with rheumatoid arthritis disease activity.
Malposition of hemodialysis catheter into the hepatic veins
Authors: Kocak Sibel Yucel , Gumusel Ceren 
Published: February 2019

Permanent central vein catheter for hemodialysis is a choice for hemodialysis vascular access. Permanent dialysis catheters may be inserted through the jugular, subclavian and femoral veins. It may be inserted when the patient have short life expectancy or not suitable for fistula operation. There may be so many complications for example malposition, hemorrhage and pneumothorax while inserting central venous catheter. Here we present a 44 year old female hemodialysis patient with a malpositioned permanent hemodialysis catheter, catheter tip was found in hepatic vein after three months of insertion.
How to cite this:Yucel SK, Gumusel C. Malposition of hemodialysis catheter into the hepatic veins. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):583-585. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.416
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Safety and efficacy of miltefosine in cutaneous leishmaniasis: An open label, non-comparative study from Balochistan
Authors: Tahir Moizza , Bashir Uzma , Hafeez Javeria , Ghafoor Rabia 
Published: February 2019

Background & Objective: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Baluchistan and treated traditionally with Meglumine antimoniate. Miltefosine appears appealing therapy in cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Our objective was to evaluate safety and efficacy of Miltifossine in treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniasis.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted from 10 September 2017 to 10 May 2018 at Combined Military Hospital Quetta. Total of 42 patients were recruited by purposive sampling technique. Lesional skin smears were stained with giemsa for Leishmania amastigotes under magnification (100 x).Complete blood count, serum urea, creatinine, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were done at the beginning of treatment and then weekly, thereafter. Cap Miltefosine 50 mg (2.5mg/kg) were given as directly observed therapy .Daily observation during treatment phase was done for clinical side effects of therapy. Clinical response was documented at two weeks then at eight weeks. Photographs were taken before and after the therapy. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16.
Results: Complete clinical response was observed in 39 (92.9%) patients and partial clinical response in 1(2.4%) patient. Two patients were lost to follow up at eight weeks. No significant derangements in laboratory profile were noted before and after treatment. Mean duration of treatment was 23.47+SD 4.44 days. Sixteen patients (38.1%) took Miltefosine for 28 days, 12 (28.6%) for 21 days and 9 (25%) for 25 days.
Conclusion: Miltefosine is safe and cost effective treatment for cutaneous Leishmaniasis. It is effective in CL cases not susceptible to antimony compounds.
How to cite this:Tahir M, Bashir U, Hafeez J, Ghafoor R. Safety and efficacy of miltefosine in cutaneous leishmaniasis: An open label, non-comparative study from Balochistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):495-499. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.54
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.