bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of Detection of Norwalk Virus in Saliva Samples From a Controlled Human Infection Model
Authors: Atmar Robert L , Neill Frederick H , Hayes Nicole M , Opekun Antone R , Graham David Y , Estes Mary K , Ramani Sasirekha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Following recent reports of norovirus replication in salivary gland cells, we examined whether the prototype norovirus strain, Norwalk virus (GI.1), could be detected in the saliva of 21 experimentally infected persons. Viral RNA was not detected in saliva 2 and 7 days after challenge despite high levels being present in feces.
Crimson Behemoth: A massive clumpy structure hosting a dusty AGN at z=4.91
Authors: Tanaka Takumi S , Silverman John D , Nakazato Yurina , Onoue Masafusa , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Fujimoto Seiji , Ding Xuheng , Faisst Andreas L , Valentino Francesco , Jin Shuowen , Hayward Christopher C , Kokorev Vasily , Ceverino Daniel , Kalita Boris S , Casey Caitlin M , Liu Zhaoxuan , Kaminsky Aidan , Fei Qinyue , Andika Irham T , Lambrides Erini , Akins Hollis B , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S , Koekemoer Anton M , McCracken Henry Joy , Rhodes Jason , Robertson Brant E , Franco Maximilien , Liu Daizhong , Chartab Nima , Gillman Steven , Gozaliasl Ghassem , Hirschmann Michaela , Huertas-Company Marc , Massey Richard , Roy Namrata , Sattari Zahra , Shuntov Marko , Sterling Joseph , Toft Sune , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Yoshida Naoki , Zavala Jorge A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The current paradigm for the co-evolution of galaxies and their supermassive black holes postulates that dust-obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) represent a transitional phase towards a more luminous and unobscured state. However, our understanding of dusty AGNs and their host galaxies at early cosmic times is inadequate due to observational limitations. Here, we present JWST observations of CID-931, an X-ray-detected AGN at a spectroscopic redshift of $z_{\rm spec}=4.91$. Multiband NIRCam imaging from the COSMOS-Web program reveals an unresolved red core, similar to JWST-discovered dusty AGNs. Strikingly, the red core is surrounded by at least eight massive star-forming clumps spread over ${1{^{\prime \prime}_{.}}6} \approx 10\,\,{\rm kpc}$, each of which has a stellar mass of $10^9$–$10^{10}\, M_{\odot }$ and a radius of $\sim$0.1–1 kpc. The whole system amounts to $10^{11}\, M_{\odot }$ in stellar mass, higher than typical star-forming galaxies at the same epoch. In this system, gas inflows and/or complex merger events may trigger clump formation and AGN activity, thus leading to the rapid formation of a massive galaxy hosting a supermassive black hole. Future follow-up observations will provide new insights into the evolution of the galaxy–black hole relationship during such transitional phases in the early universe.
Intramuscular methylprednisolone in hand osteoarthritis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hartog Merel , van Berkel Jelle , Van den Bemt Bart J F , van den Ende Cornelia H M , Popa Calin D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To explore patient characteristics associated with response to intramuscular methylprednisolone (MP) therapy in hand OA.

Methods
We performed an exploratory monocentric retrospective study. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of hand OA who visited our outpatient clinic between July 2016 and June 2021 and received at least once an intramuscular MP injection were included. Clinical data, including laboratory and radiologic results, were retrieved from electronic patient records (EPRs). Patients’ reported response to MP and its duration in the first 6 months after injection was based on free text from the EPRs. Response was categorized into three groups: no response or worsening of symptoms, modest response and good response. Duration of response was categorized as short-term (&lt;2 weeks) or long-term (≥2 weeks). Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to determine factors associated with good response to therapy with MP.

Results
Data from 262 hand OA patients (76% female) were analysed. A good response was experienced by 150 patients (57.2%). Among those with modest–good response, the perceived response of 162 patients (80.6%) lasted ≥2 weeks. Univariate regression analysis indicated that the level of CRP was associated with good response [odds ratio 1.08 (95% CI 1.00, 1.17)]. However, multivariate regression analysis showed no statistically significant associations.

Conclusion
In this retrospective study, more than half of hand OA patients displayed good response to intramuscular MP administration. The possible relation between the presence of low-grade inflammation and the response to this therapy warrants further investigation.
The Politics of Refugee Resettlement in the Asia Pacific: Belonging and ICT-enabled Transnational Settlement
Authors: Marlowe Jay , Stephens Murdoch , Jones Evan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This conceptual article examines the interplay of forced displacement and resettlement across the Asia Pacific, situated against the backdrop of unprecedented global displacement, rapid uptake of information communication technologies, and strong border governance regimes. Emphasising the centrality of the politics of belonging, this article distinguishes between refugee resettlement, focused on protection, and the broader concept of refugee settlement as part of a larger project of belonging. Recognising that less than 1 per cent of refugees globally are able to access resettlement pathways every year, we present the implications of ICT-enabled transnational settlement, using New Zealand and Australia’s refugee resettlement programmes to anchor this analysis. By examining ongoing transnational connections, particularly through social media, this article illuminates how refugees can negotiate relationships with nearby and distant places. It outlines a spectrum of opportunities and challenges within resettlement and settlement contexts, transcending traditional territorial boundaries defined by the state and local jurisdictions. This article concludes by considering durable and enduring solutions to forward the possibilities of ICT-enabled transnational settlement as it influences the articulation of safety and belonging in an increasingly interconnected yet unevenly mobile world.
Neural empathy mechanisms are shared for physical and social pain, and increase from adolescence to older adulthood
Authors: Ferguson Heather J , De Lillo Martina , Woodrow-Hill Camilla , Foley Rebecca , Bradford Elisabeth E F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Empathy is a critical component of social interaction that enables individuals to understand and share the emotions of others. We report a preregistered experiment in which 240 participants, including adolescents, young adults, and older adults, viewed images depicting hands and feet in physically or socially painful situations (versus nonpainful). Empathy was measured using imagined pain ratings and EEG mu suppression. Imagined pain was greater for physical versus social pain, with young adults showing particular sensitivity to social pain events compared to adolescents and older adults. Mu desynchronization was greater to pain versus no-pain situations, but the physical/social context did not modulate pain responses. Brain responses to painful situations increased linearly from adolescence to young and older adulthood. These findings highlight shared activity across the core empathy network for both physical and social pain contexts, and an empathic response that develops over the lifespan with accumulating social experience.
Political Invisibility: Rescue Acts by Mothers during the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda
Authors: Fox Nicole , Nyseth Nzitatira Hollie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
This article draws upon interviews with 50 Rwandan mothers who risked their lives to save others during the 1994 genocide. We position our study within a growing body of research examining women’s engagement in resistance movements, and we theorize rescue efforts by mothers during genocide as a case of political invisibility. Specifically, our findings show how mothers were able to capitalize on their political invisibility in strategic ways that shaped the form of the rescue. We posit that political invisibility may have insulated mothers from recruitment to the genocidal movement due to their occupation of the domestic sphere, since killing group members often knew these women were taking care of the home and engaging in domestic activities. We further highlight the care work (e.g., sheltering, feeding, supporting, calming, and managing emotions) that was foundational to these women’s rescue endeavors. Taken together, this article invites readers to walk through two secret doors that sociologists rarely have access to: actions tied to clandestine resistance and the private sphere of domestic care work during genocide.
Household satisfaction with health services and response strategies to malaria in mountain communities of Uganda
Authors: Aggrey Siya , Egeru Anthony , Kalule John Bosco , Lukwa Akim Tafadzwa , Mutai Noah , Hartnack Sonja 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Measuring satisfaction with health service delivery in fragile communities provides an opportunity to improve the resilience of health systems to threats including climate change. Additionally, understanding factors associated with the choice of response strategies to certain public health threats provides an opportunity to design context-specific interventions.

Methods
We used polytomous latent class analyses to group participants’ responses and an additive Bayesian modelling network to explore satisfaction with health service delivery as well as factors associated with response strategies of households to malaria. We did this with a focus on the rural parts of Uganda in Mount Elgon.

Results
We found that approaches to malaria control and management at household level include the use of traditional (54.5%), private (20.5%) and publicly available services (25%). Regarding satisfaction with health services, 66.6% of respondents were satisfied with health service components of information flow, drug/vaccine access and accessibility. Type of housing, livelihood sources, previous malaria experience and health services were strongly associated with responses to malaria occurrence at household level. The rest of the factors were weakly associated with malaria responses.

Conclusions
The indigenous interventions utilised by households to manage and control malaria were largely dependent on their satisfaction with health service delivery components. Interventions thus ought to leverage local existing knowledge to optimise outcomes and ensure sustainable health.
Insecticide-treated bednets and chemoprophylaxis reduce malaria mortality and parasite prevalence
Authors: Peto Thomas J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This commentary discusses an influential study from 1993 that demonstrated, among West African children, an overall mortality benefit of insecticide-impregnated bednets, and the reduction of malaria prevalence by chemoprophylaxis. Led by Brian Greenwood and colleagues in The Gambia, the trial also showed these tools to be affordable and practicable. In the years since, &gt;2 billion bednets have been provided to high-risk populations and have contributed greatly to reductions in malaria-attributable mortality. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention now protects 50 million African children annually. Few interventions in tropical medicine have achieved such an impact.
Novel Risk Factors for Postoperative Hematoma Requiring Reoperation Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Rowe Dana G. , Yoo Seeley , Barrett Connor , Luo Emily , Arango Alissa , Morris Matthew , Crowell Kerri-Anne , Kahmke Russel R. , Goodwin C. Rory , Erickson Melissa M. 
Published: November 2024

Study design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
To investigate the correlation between comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, tobacco use, and the incidence of postoperative hematoma requiring reoperation after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data:
Prior studies have identified general risk factors such as multilevel fusion and coagulopathy. However, specific coughing-related factors like COPD, asthma, and tobacco use have not been extensively investigated.

Methods:
Patients who underwent single or multilevel ACDF between 2011 and 2021 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes in the PearlDiver database. The primary outcome was the occurrence of postoperative hematoma requiring reoperation within 30 days. χ2 tests and t tests compared groups, and multivariable logistic regression identified predictors for postoperative hematoma.

Results:
Among 399,900 patients with ACDF, 901 (0.2%) developed postoperative hematoma requiring reoperation within 30 days. Patients with postoperative hematoma were older (58 vs. 55, P<0.001) and predominantly male (62.5% vs. 44.9%, P<0.001). After adjustment, tobacco use and comorbid COPD were associated with postoperative hematoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.47; P<0.001 and OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.21–1.64; P<0.001, respectively). Comorbid asthma was not a significant risk factor. Additional risk factors included comorbid hypertension (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.18–1.82; P<0.001), coagulopathy (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.24–1.81; P<0.001), anemia (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17–1.62; P<0.05), and history of deep vein thrombosis (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.44–2.54; P<0.001).

Conclusion:
Tobacco use and COPD were identified as novel risk factors for postoperative hematoma formation requiring reoperation after ACDF. Recognizing these modifiable factors, providers may consider postponing nonemergent ACDFs until patients undergo smoking cessation programs or receive optimal COPD management.
National Liver Cancer Screening Trial (TRACER) study protocol
Authors: Singal Amit G. , Parikh Neehar D. , Kanwal Fasiha , Marrero Jorge A. , Deodhar Sneha , Page-Lester Stephanie , Lopez Camden , Feng Ziding , Tayob Nabihah 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Professional guidelines recommend HCC screening in at-risk patients using semi-annual ultrasound with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP); however, this strategy has limited effectiveness due to low adherence and sensitivity. Increasing data support the potential role of blood-based biomarker panels, which could improve both aspects. The biomarker panel GALAD, comprised of sex, age, and 3 blood biomarkers (AFP, AFP-L3, and des-carboxy prothrombin des-carboxy prothrombin), has shown high sensitivity and specificity in biomarker phase II (case-control) and phase III (retrospective cohort) validation studies. However, prospective validation in a large phase IV biomarker clinical utility trial is necessary before its adoption in practice.

Methods:
The National Liver Cancer Screening Trial is an adaptive pragmatic randomized phase IV trial, which began enrollment in January 2024, comparing ultrasound-based versus biomarker-based screening in 5500 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection or cirrhosis from any etiology. Eligible patients are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to semi-annual screening with ultrasound ± alpha-fetoprotein (arm A) or semi-annual screening with GALAD (arm B). Randomization is stratified by enrollment site, liver disease severity (per Child-Pugh class), liver disease etiology (viral, nonviral, and noncirrhotic HBV), and sex. Patients are being recruited from 15 sites (a mix of tertiary care academic referral centers, safety-net health systems, and large community health systems) over a 3-year period, and the primary endpoint, reduction in late-stage HCC, will be assessed at the end of year 5.5.

Discussion:
The results of this trial will inform the best strategy for HCC screening and early-stage detection in patients with chronic liver diseases. If GALAD shows superiority, HCC screening would primarily shift from an ultrasound-based strategy to the adoption of the biomarker panel.

Trial Registration:
NCT06084234.

Trial Status:
The TRACER Study is actively enrolling.
A healthy lifestyle is prospectively associated with lower onset of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Grinshpan Laura S. , Even Haim Yaara , Ivancovsky-Wajcman Dana , Fliss-Isakov Naomi , Nov Yuval , Webb Muriel , Shibolet Oren , Kariv Revital , Zelber-Sagi Shira 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. However, there is limited prospective evidence regarding the association between combined lifestyle factors and MASLD. This study aims to test the association of a combination of lifestyle components, expressed as a healthy lifestyle index (HLI), and unhealthful eating behavior habits with MASLD, insulin resistance (IR), liver fibrosis, and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted among participants of metabolic and hepatic screening surveys. MASLD was evaluated by ultrasonography or controlled attenuation parameter at 2 time points to assess new-onset, persistence, or remission, and IR was estimated by homeostasis model assessment. Presumed liver fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis were evaluated using FibroMax biomarkers. The HLI was calculated as the sum of 4 lifestyle components: nonsmoking, healthy weight, healthy diet, and physical activity.

Results:
The final cohort included 315 subjects with 6.7 years of follow-up, 40–70 years old. In multivariable analyses, a favorable lifestyle (≥3 components) was independently associated with lower odds of new-onset MASLD (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.19–0.90). Similarly, a favorable lifestyle was associated with lower odds of new-onset/persistent (vs. never/remission) MASLD and IR, respectively (OR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.30–0.80; OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24–0.66). There was a dose-response association between HLI and new-onset/persistent MASLD and IR. A favorable lifestyle was associated with lower odds of new-onset metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.27–0.95). Adjusting for HLI, unhealthful eating behavior habits were associated with higher odds of MASLD prevalence (OR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.07–3.06).

Conclusions:
Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is prospectively associated with lower odds of MASLD, markers of liver damage, and IR. A holistic approach that considers overall lifestyle and eating behavior may be useful for preventing MASLD.
Neuroborreliosis
Authors: He Kevin D. , Al Lawati Hawra , Torun Nurhan , Tan C. Sabrina 
Published: November 2024

Background
Neuroborreliosis is involvement of the nervous system in Lyme disease and can often be overlooked as a diagnosis in patients presenting with cranial neuropathies and meningitis in an endemic area. There can be variability in presentation with respect to the involved cranial nerves, making the diagnosis challenging. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of Lyme disease cranial neuropathy occurring with simultaneous periorbital skin and soft tissue inflammation in the literature.

Case
We present the case of a healthy 25-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with headache, diplopia, and left eye pain after experiencing fever, malaise, and a recent history of unilateral facial palsy that improved a few weeks prior. He lived in a Lyme disease endemic area and often encountered ticks. He was found to have an abduction deficit in his left eye, preseptal and postseptal orbital inflammation with bilateral optic perineuritis, and a lymphocytic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid accompanied by an elevated antibody index, consistent with a diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis. He was treated with doxycycline and empiric bacterial coverage, with symptom resolution at follow-up.

Conclusion
This case represents an unusual combination of cranial neuropathies and is the first report of orbital inflammation driven by Lyme neuroborreliosis, thought to be caused by contiguous spread of inflammation from affected portions of the nervous system. Although neuroborreliosis is less commonly encountered in the United States than in Europe, providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for this entity when patients present with multiple cranial neuropathies in an endemic area and not exclude Lyme disease on the basis of skin and soft tissue inflammation.
Does Equestrian Helmet Type Affect Head Injury? A Study on Equestrian Helmet Use Among Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Gould Sara , Crawford Anna E. , Picken Lauren , Serrano Devon , Gabriel Fernanda , McGwin Gerald , Chandran Avinash , Schrum Kevin 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
To characterize helmet use, head injury risk, and to examine rider-related factors that influence these variables.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
The University of Alabama at Birmingham Equestrian Sports Medicine Collaborative.

Patients (or Participants):
In total, 357 equestrians competing at the collegiate level participated in this study.

Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors or Independent Variables):
χ2 tests were used to evaluate potential associations between a rider's experience level, riding style, and use of helmet designed with MIPS with number of falls, past head injuries, and helmet use frequency.

Main Outcome Measures:
Data regarding helmet use and equestrian-related injuries were collected. χ2 analysis was used to determine potential associations.

Results:
More than 50% of athletes reported falling off a horse during the course of 1 year. Head injuries occurred with high frequency. Concussion was the most frequently reported type. More than 50% of athletes with self-reported concussion denied receiving medical treatment. The risk of head injury was similar across helmet brands, and between helmets with Multi-Directional Impact Protection System (MIPS) and those without. Riders with the most experience were less likely to report sustaining a head injury than those with less experience. Contrary to current safety guidelines, 78% of equestrians said that they would not replace their helmet after every fall.

Conclusions:
Collegiate equestrians have a high risk of fall-related traumatic head injury. Despite this risk, they report helmet use practices that are not in line with current recommendations regarding helmet replacement. This suggests that many of the athletes are using protective equipment that does not adequately protect against head injury. Neither helmet brand nor liner type was associated with lower rate of head injury.