bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel LED‐based 2D‐fluorescence spectroscopy system for in‐line bioprocess monitoring of Chinese hamster ovary cell cultivations—Part II
Authors: Claßen Jens , Graf Alexander , Aupert Florian , Solle Dörte , Höhse Marek , Scheper Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study was performed in order to evaluate a new LED‐based 2D‐fluorescence spectrometer for in‐line bioprocess monitoring of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture processes. The new spectrometer used selected excitation wavelengths of 280, 365, and 455 nm to collect spectral data from six 10‐L fed‐batch processes. The technique provides data on various fluorescent compounds from the cultivation medium as well as from cell metabolism. In addition, scattered light offers information about the cultivation status. Multivariate data analysis tools were applied to analyze the large data sets of the collected fluorescence spectra. First, principal component analysis was used to accomplish an overview of all spectral data from all six CHO cultivations. Partial least square regression models were developed to correlate 2D‐fluorescence spectral data with selected critical process variables as offline reference values. A separate independent fed‐batch process was used for model validation and prediction. An almost continuous in‐line bioprocess monitoring was realized because 2D‐fluorescence spectra were collected every 10 min during the whole cultivation. The new 2D‐fluorescence device demonstrates the significant potential for accurate prediction of the total cell count, viable cell count, and the cell viability. The results strongly indicated that the technique is particularly capable to distinguish between different cell statuses inside the bioreactor. In addition, spectral data provided information about the lactate metabolism shift and cellular respiration during the cultivation process. Overall, the 2D‐fluorescence device is a highly sensitive tool for process analytical technology applications in mammalian cell cultures.
Experimentally reduced insulin/IGF-1 signaling in adulthood extends lifespan of parents and improves Darwinian fitness of their offspring
Authors: Lind Martin I. , Ravindran Sanjana , Sekajova Zuzana , Carlsson Hanne , Hinas Andrea , Maklakov Alexei A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClassical theory maintains that ageing evolves via energy trade-offs between reproduction and survival leading to accumulation of unrepaired cellular damage with age. In contrast, the emerging new theory postulates that ageing evolves because of deleterious late-life hyper-function of reproduction-promoting genes leading to excessive biosynthesis in late-life. The hyper-function theory uniquely predicts that optimizing nutrient-sensing molecular signaling in adulthood can simultaneously postpone ageing and increase Darwinian fitness. Here, we show that reducing evolutionarily conserved insulin/IGF-1 nutrient-sensing signaling via daf-2 RNA interference (RNAi) fulfils this prediction in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Long-lived daf-2 RNAi parents showed normal fecundity as self-fertilizing hermaphrodites and improved late-life reproduction when mated to males. Remarkably, the offspring of daf-2 RNAi parents had higher Darwinian fitness across three different genotypes. Thus, reduced nutrient-sensing signaling in adulthood improves both parental longevity and offspring fitness supporting the emerging view that suboptimal gene expression in late-life lies at the heart of ageing.
Genesis of the Panjia Wu‐Cu‐Mo deposit: Evidence from the geochemistry and geochronology of the Datongkeng pluton, northeast South China Block
Authors: Shao Xinyu , Jin Chong , Jia Baojian , Liu Yan , Pan Fabin , Zhu Zhenhong 
Published: March 2019

The Panjia polymetallic deposit, located in the northwestern region of Zhejiang Province, is a newly discovered medium‐ to large‐sized W–Mo–Cu ore deposit belonging to the northern part of the Qinzhou Bay–Hangzhou Bay metallogenic belt. Through investigation in the field and under the microscope, the hydrothermal activity of this deposit can be divided into four stages: pre‐ore stage, silicate oxidation stage, quartz sulfide stage, and post‐ore stage. The Datongkeng pluton, outcroping in Panjia deposit, is one S‐type intrusive rock and characterised by concentrations of SiO2, K2O and Na2O ranging from 67.03 to 71.09%, 3.03 to 4.89%, and 0.24 to 3.37%, respectively. The major elements display peraluminous, high‐K, calc‐alkaline features. Their A/CNK(A/CNK = n (Al2O3)/ [n (CaO) + n (Na2O) + n(K2O)]) ratios, δEu values, and δCe values vary from 0.93 to 1.98, 0.45 to 0.91, and 0.93 to 1.07, respectively. These rocks are enriched in light rare earth elements (all record values of (La/Yb)N<10, except for one) whereas are depleted in Sr, Ba, Nb, P, Eu, and Ti. The end‐member study of the Pb and S isotopes shows that the mantle material plays an important role in the ore‐forming. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the second part of the multiperiod magmatism (154–150 Ma) of Datongkeng pluton is the relevant crystallisation age, and the study of metallogenic stage manifests that the molybdenite is formed at the third stage of the mineralisation sequence considered as the main period of mineralisation, subsequent to the mineralogenetic epoch of scheelite. The petrogenesis is related to the materials in the crust and a small amount of materials in the mantle. While the low degree of mantle source and the Proterozoic basement contribute to the Mo, Cu ore‐forming materials. Finally, two types of metallogenic assemblage are formed, including the W‐Mo polymetallic deposit in the Datongkeng pluton and the W‐Cu‐Pb‐Zn‐Ag polymetallic deposit in the veins in the Lantian Formation.
The early Paleozoic oceanic island seamount in the Chencai area, Zhejiang Province: Implication of the Yangtze–Cathaysia amalgamation
Authors: Zhao Xilin , Jiang Yang , Xing Guangfu , Wang Cunzhi , Jin Guodong 
Published: March 2019

Details of the collision between the Cathaysia and Yangtze blocks have long been debated. Detailed geological, geochemical, and C and O isotopic studies were carried out on the plagioclase amphibolite and marble in the Chencai area, Zhuji city, Zhejiang Province. The plagioclase amphibolite yields U–Pb age of 435 ± 11 Ma, which represents the metamorphic age, and the youngest age indicates that the plagioclase amphibolite formed after 463 Ma. The marble in the Chencai area yields U–Pb age of 431 ± 7 Ma and represents the metamorphic age, and the youngest inherited zircon indicates that the marble formed after 457 Ma. Combined with the two ages, we believed that they were both formed at early Paleozoic (after 457 Ma) and suffered metamorphism during the Caledonian (431–435 Ma). Meanwhile, REE and trace‐element characteristics show that the plagioclase amphibolite originated from the mantle source with the characteristics of OIB. The marble C and O isotopic characteristics indicated that the protolith of marble may be marine carbonate. The occurrence of the oceanic island seamount indicates that the Chencai Complex should be a subduction–accretion complex (CSAC), which formed at early Paleozoic. Given the presence of Caledonian granulite and garnet amphibolite in the Longyou area, amalgamation of the Cathaysia and Yangtze blocks was completed after 457 Ma. The CSAC is the product of the Yangtze–Cathaysia collision, with the collision causing widespread amphibolite‐facies metamorphism.
Effectiveness of chemoradiotherapy for radiation‐induced bilateral external auditory canal cancer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Maebayashi Toshiya , Ishibashi Naoya , Aizawa Takuya , Sakaguchi Masakuni , Ikeda Atsuo , Hirai Ryoji , Furusaka Tohru , Homma Taku 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundRadiation‐induced bilateral external auditory canal cancer is an extremely rare disease that has yet to be fully characterized in the clinical literature.MethodsHerein, we present a case study of a 75‐year‐old man with radiation‐induced bilateral external auditory canal cancer. The patient's medical history included left maxillary cancer that had been treated with chemoradiation 19 years earlier and local recurrence with total maxillectomy 10 years earlier. Intracavitary radiation was delivered to the site of postoperative recurrence 8 years before the current presentation. The patient declined radical surgery for the external auditory canal cancer at this time, and a customized combined modality regimen was thus administered.ResultsThere was no recurrence of cancer for 22 months, to date, after completing chemoradiotherapy.ConclusionsOur finding that radiotherapy can be successfully used for radiation‐induced cancer indicates that chemoradiotherapy may be a useful strategy for treating this type of malignancy.
Cell‐specific immune‐modulation of cadmium on murine macrophages and mast cell lines in vitro
Authors: García‐Mendoza Diego , Han Biyao , van den Berg Hans J.H.J. , van den Brink Nico W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractToxic trace metals are widespread contaminants that are potentially immunotoxic even at environmentally low exposure levels. They can modulate the immunity to infections, e.g., in wildlife species living in contaminated areas. The diverse immune cell types can be differentially affected by the exposure leading to the modulation of specific protective mechanisms. Macrophages and mast cells, part of the innate immune system, trigger immune responses and perform particular effector functions. The present study compared toxicological and functional effects of cadmium in two models of murine macrophages (RAW264.7 and NR8383 cell lines) and two models of murine mast cells (MC/9 and RBL‐2H3 cell lines). Cadmium was selected as a model compound because its known potential to induce reactive oxygen species and its relevance as an environmental contaminant. Mechanisms of toxicity, such as redox imbalance and apoptosis induction were measured in stationary cells, while functional outcome effects were measured in activated cells. Cadmium‐depleted glutathione antioxidant in all four cell lines tested although reactive oxygen species was not significantly increased. Mast cells had full dose‐response depletion of glutathione below cytotoxic levels while in macrophages the depletion was not complete. Functional endpoints tumour necrosis factor‐alpha and nitrite production in lipopolysaccharide‐activated macrophages were increased by cadmium exposure. In contrast, mast cell lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis factor‐alpha and IgE‐mediated histamine release were reduced by cadmium. These data indicate potentially differential effects of cadmium among murine innate immune cell types, where mast cells would be more susceptible to oxidative stress and their function might be at a higher risk to be modulated compared to macrophages.
Magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles modified with poly(ionic liquids) with multi‐functional groups for enrichment and determination of pyrethroid residues in apples
Authors: Zhao Bihong , Wu Dan , Chu Huiyuan , Wang Chaozhan , Wei Yinmao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConsidering that the determination of pyrethroid residues is of value for the safety of food, a new poly(ionic liquid)‐functionalized magnetic mesoporous nanoparticle was designed and used as an adsorbent in magnetic solid‐phase extraction for the enrichment of eight pyrethroids. The porous structure and large surface area of the mesoporous silica shell endow the adsorbent with abundant binding sites. In contrast to the reported poly(ionic liquids) with only one kind of functional group in the cationic part, the new poly(ionic liquids) with mixed cyano and phenyl groups in cationic part matched the chemical structure of the analytes to improve extraction efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, an effective method was established for the determination of eight pyrethroids in apples. Adsorption equilibrium can be quickly reached in 1 min, greatly decreasing the extraction time. The linearity range was found to be 10–200 ng/g, and the detection limits ranged from 0.24 to 1.99 ng/g. Recoveries of analytes in apple samples ranged from 87.3 to 119.0%, with relative standard deviations varying in the range of 3–21.2% (intraday) and 0.3–15.2% (interday). The results indicate that the proposed method is a good candidate for pyrethroid residues in apple samples.
Implications for bird aircraft strike hazard by bald eagles
Authors: Miller Tricia A. , Cooper Jeff L. , Duerr Adam E. , Braham Melissa A. , Anderson James T. , Katzner Todd E. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) aircraft strikes have increased since 1998 because their populations have recovered to near historical sizes. Their attraction to airfields and their large body size makes them a danger to aircraft and therefore important to airfield managers. However, bald eagle management is complicated by their special protected status and the place they hold in the eyes of the public. To help airfield managers plan monitoring efforts and make informed management decisions, we studied the movements of 32 bald eagles telemetered as nestlings in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, USA, 2013–2018. Managers often need to know when fledged eagles are most likely to move enough to encounter airfields near nests. As fledglings aged, they moved progressively farther from the nest and spent more time away from the nest. Twenty‐eight days after fledging, eagles spent most of the day (81 ± 10% [95% CI]) near the nest (<500 m) and only 7 ± 7% of the daytime away from the nest (>1 km). By day 55 fledglings ventured beyond 2.5 km from the nest and spent 32 ± 15% the day >1 km away from their nest. Distances moved, however, were influenced by proximity of the nest to water, the salinity of that water, and human population density. Eagles left their natal nests and generally migrated out of the Chesapeake Bay 60.5 ± 7.7 days (4 Aug) after fledging and returned to the Chesapeake Bay approximately 220 days later (Mar–Apr). Eighty‐four percent (27 of 32) of the eagles that we tracked encountered 164 airfields across the east coast with 91% of those airfields located within 10 km of the Chesapeake Bay. Encounters with airfields outside the Chesapeake Bay occurred mainly during the first 1.5 years of life, peaking in late fall and early spring. We recorded eagles on Chesapeake Bay airfields during each year, but encounters peaked in April of the first year of the bird's life. April coincides with the height of reported strikes of eagles by aircraft in the region. Our results suggest that eagles fledging from the Chesapeake Bay are an issue for airports near the Chesapeake Bay and for airports across the east coast. Given the continued growth of the population, this issue is likely to continue and grow in significance. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Deficiency of D‐alanyl‐D‐alanine ligase A attenuated cell division and greatly altered the proteome of Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Chen Yingfei , Xu Yuefei , Yang Shufeng , Li Sheng , Ding Wenyong , Zhang Wenli 
Published: March 2019

AbstractD‐Alanyl‐D‐alanine ligase A (DdlA) catalyses the dimerization of two D‐alanines yielding D‐alanyl‐D‐alanine required for mycobacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and is a promising antimycobacterial drug target. To better understand the roles of DdlA in mycobacteria in vivo, we established a cell model in which DdlA expression was specifically downregulated by ddlA antisense RNA by introducing a 380 bp ddlA fragment into pMind followed by transforming the construct into nonpathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis. The M. smegmatis cell model was verified by plotting the growth inhibition curves and quantifying endogenous DdlA expression using a polyclonal anti‐DdlA antibody produced from the expressed DdlA. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate mycobacterial morphology. Bidimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to analyze differentially expressed proteins. Consequently, the successful construction of the M. smegmatis cell model was verified. The morphological investigation of the model indicated that DdlA deficiency led to an increased number of Z rings and a rearrangement of intracellular content, including a clear nucleoid and visible filamentous DNA. Proteomic techniques identified six upregulated and 14 downregulated proteins that interacted with each other to permit cell survival by forming a regulatory network under DdlA deficiency. Finally, our data revealed that DdlA deficiency inhibited cell division in mycobacteria and attenuated the process of carbohydrate catabolism and the pathway of fatty acid anabolism, while maintaining active protein degradation and synthesis. N‐Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)‐dependent methanol dehydrogenase (MSMEG_6242) and fumonisin (MSMEG_1419) were identified as potential antimycobacterial drug targets.
Interplay between bile acids and the gut microbiota promotes intestinal carcinogenesis
Authors: Wang Sinan , Dong Wenxiao , Liu Li , Xu Mengque , Wang Yu , Liu Tianyu , Zhang Yujie , Wang Bangmao , Cao Hailong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe gut microbiota and the bile acid pool play pivotal roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Bile acids are produced in the liver from cholesterol and metabolized in the intestine by the gut microbiota. Gut dysbiosis has been reported to be associated with colorectal cancer. However, the interplay between bile acid metabolism and the gut microbiota during intestinal carcinogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential roles of bile acids and the gut microbiota in the cholic acid (CA; a primary bile acid)‐induced intestinal adenoma‐adenocarcinoma sequence. Apc
min/+ mice, which spontaneously develop intestinal adenomas, were fed a diet supplemented with 0.4% CA for 12 weeks. Mice that were fed a normal diet were regarded as untreated controls. In CA‐treated Apc
min/+ mice, the composition of the gut microbiota was significantly altered, and CA was efficiently transformed into deoxycholic acid (a secondary bile acid) by the bacterial 7α‐dehydroxylation reaction. The intestinal adenoma‐adenocarcinoma sequence was observed in CA‐treated Apc
min/+ mice and was accompanied by an impaired intestinal barrier function and IL‐6/STAT3‐related low‐grade inflammation. More importantly, microbiota depletion using an antibiotic cocktail globally compromised CA‐induced intestinal carcinogenesis, suggesting a leading role for the microbiota during this process. Overall, our data suggested that the crosstalk between bile acids and the gut microbiota mediated intestinal carcinogenesis, which might provide novel therapeutic strategies against intestinal tumor development.
Relationship between electrical conductivity and water content of peat and gyttja: implications for electrical surveys of drained peatlands
Authors: Walter J. , Lück E. , Heller C. , Bauriegel A. , Zeitz J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe application of electrical resistivity tomography to peatlands supports conventional coring by providing data on the current condition of peatlands, including data on stratigraphy, peat properties and thickness of organic deposits. Data on the current condition of drained peatlands are particularly required to improve estimates of carbon storage as well as losses and emissions from agriculturally used peatlands. However, most of the studies focusing on electrical resistivity tomography surveys have been conducted on natural peatlands with higher groundwater levels. Peatlands drained for agriculture have not often been studied using geophysical techniques. Drained sites are characterized by low groundwater levels and high groundwater fluctuations during the year, which lead to varying levels of water saturation. To validate better electrical resistivity tomography surveys of drained peatlands, the aim of this laboratory study is to investigate the influence of varying water saturation levels on electrical conductivity (reciprocal of resistivity) for a variety of peat and gyttja types, as well as for different degrees of peat decomposition. Results show that different levels of water saturation strongly influence bulk electrical conductivity. Distinct differences in this relationship exist between peat and gyttja substrates and between different degrees of peat decomposition. Peat shows an exponential relationship for all degrees of decomposition, whereas gyttja, in particular organic‐rich gyttja, is characterized by a rather unimodal relationship. The slopes for the relationship between electrical conductivity and water content are steeper at high degrees of decomposition than for peat of low degrees of decomposition. These results have direct implications for field electrical resistivity tomography surveys. In drained peatlands that are strongly susceptible to drying, electrical resistivity tomography surveys have a high potential to monitor the actual field water content. In addition, at comparable water saturations, high or low degrees of decomposition can be inferred from electrical conductivity.
Aligning top‐down and bottom‐up in development planning: The case of Bhutan
Authors: Wangchuk Dawa , Turner Mark 
Published: March 2019

SummaryEffective planning makes a vital contribution to developmental success. It is generally perceived as being either centralized (top‐down) or decentralized (bottom‐up). Centralized planning dominated the early development decades, but disappointing results greatly lessened its appeal and paved the way for participatory and decentralized planning. Both types of planning are evident today, but the question has arisen as to whether top‐down and bottom‐up planning can be successfully combined into one effective, efficient, and popular system. This question is examined through the case of Bhutan where central planning was introduced at the outset of the country's push for modernization and today leads the way in the country's pursuit of Gross National Happiness (GNH). However, central planning has been complemented with decentralized participatory planning at the subnational levels. Success in aligning the two planning modes has been achieved by incremental development of the planning system, orientation to the unifying national vision of GNH, a powerful central planning agency, actors at all levels who are able and knowledgeable in their planning roles, and processes that are well organized and proven to work to the satisfaction of all participants.