bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF VARIATION OF MIXTURE LEACHATE WITH FLUID IN CATTLE RUMEN FORMATION OF BIOGAS
Authors: Sarwono Edhi , Endata Rika , Widarti Budi Nining 
Published: February 2019

Abstract Composting in addition to producing fertilizers also produce leachate containing organic material, the leachate can pollute the environment if not managed properly. This study uses leachate as the main substance of biogas, mixed with cattle rumen fluid as the biostarter. This study aims to determine the optimal composition of biogas and to determine the effect of variations in the raw material mixture to the volume of biogas, volatile solid, temperature, pH, and flame. The study was conducted over 43 days using three types of batch digester with a capacity of 27 L. Comparison of a mixture consisting of leachate composting organic waste with cattle rumen fluid in each digester with variations in material composition of the mixture of 70%: 30%, 50%: 50%, 100%: 0%. During the study was observed it the volume of biogas daily, daily pH, temperature daily, weekly flame test and volatile solid test every 10 days. The volume of biogas using the principle of cylinder volume and volatile solid test using USEPA 1684 method. The results show the variation of 70%:30%, which resulted in a final volume of 2.78 L of gas, as well as a decrease in the volatile solid 23.29%, 12.82% increase in the pH. In a variation of 50%:50% produces a final volume of gas that is 0.537 L, as well as a decrease in volatile solid 42.35%, 12.82% increase in the pH. Variations 100%:0% produces a final volume of gas that is 1,247 L, a decrease in volatile solid 21.83%, 5.19% increase in the pH. All three digesters are at mesophilic temperatures and produce blue flame. Based on the results of this study concluded that the composition of the mixture that are in the most optimal is composition of 70%:30%. Keywords : biogas, rumen fluid beef, lindi organic waste composting
Detection of inhomogeneity by the observation of the surface of the material simulating biological tissues
Authors: Kmiecik Barbara , Detyna Jerzy 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a research which involves the observation of the movement of points presented on a material surface under the influence of mechanical extortion. Tests were performed using two 15 mm silicone layers, one of which contained 1 mm thick elements of nitrile-butadiene rubber. Analysed materials were structurally heterogeneous tissue phantoms. Test results that were obtained indicated that the developed method allows detecting inhomogeneity and its approximate location, what may be used in pathological state prevention.
Corrosion and corrosion prevention in heat exchangers
Authors: Faes Willem , Lecompte Steven , Ahmed Zaaquib Yunus , Van Bael Johan , Salenbien Robbe , Verbeken Kim , De Paepe Michel 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In many industries and processes, heat exchangers are of vital importance as they are used to transfer heat from one fluid to another. These fluids can be corrosive to heat exchangers, which are usually made of metallic materials. This paper illustrates that corrosion is an important problem in the operation of heat exchangers in many environments, for which no straightforward answer exists. Corrosion failures of heat exchangers are common, and corrosion often involves high maintenance or repair costs. In this review, an overview is given of what is known on corrosion in heat exchangers. The different types of corrosion encountered in heat exchangers and the susceptible places in the devices are discussed first. This is combined with an overview of failure analyses for each type of corrosion. Next, the effect of heat transfer on corrosion and the influence of corrosion on the thermohydraulic performances are discussed. Finally, the prevention and control of corrosion is tackled. Prevention goes from general design considerations and operation guidelines to the use of cathodic and anodic protection.
Preparation of mineral bound particleboards with improved fire retardant and smoke suppression properties based on a mix of inorganic adhesive
Authors: Yang Kai , Li Xingong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
An inorganic adhesive mix consisting of MgO, MgCl2, Na2SiO3, Na3PO4 was used to prepare mineral bound particleboard (mbPB) without formaldehyde emission and with excellent fire retardant and smoke suppression properties. The mechanical properties, interior microstructure, fire retardancy and smoke suppression behavior of the mbPB was investigated based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cone calorimetric observations. The results showed that the presence of massive hydrates of the inorganic adhesive covers the mbPB particles, which are responsible for the positive effects. The effective smoke suppression was accompanied by an essential carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) decrement in the gaseous effluents. The mbPBs are suitable as indoor material for wall, floor, and furniture as fire retardant and smoke suppressive materials.
Trans self-identification and the language of neoliberal selfhood: Agency, power, and the limits of monologic discourse
Authors: Zimman Lal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSociocultural linguists share with transgender communities a strong interest in the power of individuals to assert agency over linguistic patterns. For trans people, a key principle of activism isgender self-determination, which treats each individual as the ultimate authority on their own gender identity. This article explores some of the ways gender self-determination and self-identification surface in transgender people’s linguistic practices. Three particular manifestations are highlighted: gendered identity labels, third person pronouns, and body part terminology. The observations offered on these subjects are based on a series of ethnographic projects carried out from 2006–2016 in transgender communities across several metropolitan areas in the United States and in online spaces frequented by trans people. However, the analysis goes beyond mere description by treating this kind of individualized linguistic agency as the product of cultural practice rather than an asocial given. Such a perspective introduces questions concerning why this form of agency arose in the time and place that it has. This article frames gender self-identification as an enactment of neoliberal personhood, in which individuals are framed as the driver of their destiny. What the ideology of neoliberal agency obscures, however, is that agency is not an equally distributed resource.
Association of maternal disease and medication use with the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring: a case-control study using logistic regression with a random-effects model
Authors: Lai Ting , Xiang Liangcheng , Liu Zhen , Mu Yi , Li Xiaohong , Li Nana , Li Shengli , Chen Xinlin , Yang Jiaxiang , Tao Jing , Zhu Jun 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine the association between maternal diseases and congenital heart defects (CHDs) and to evaluate whether those associations vary with corresponding medication use.

Methods
A multi-hospital case-control study conducted from February 2010 to December 2014 analysed 916 controls and 1236 cases. Participating mothers were asked whether they suffered from influenza, common cold, herpes and threatened abortion or had used corresponding medication during the periconception period or the early pregnancy period. We used a random-effects logistic regression model to compute the odds ratios (ORs), adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) while controlling for potential confounders.

Results
Compared with the results for mothers with no exposure, there were significant associations between maternal diseases with medication non-use and CHDs in the aggregate, including influenza (AOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.13–2.95), common cold (AOR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.60–2.64) and herpes (AOR, 7.00; 95% CI, 2.15–22.84). There was no significant association between medication users and offspring with any subtype of CHDs, except that maternal common cold with medication use slightly increased the risk of the specific subtype, namely, isolated cardiac defects. However, an association was observed between maternal threatened abortion and medication and isolated cardiac defects (AOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.01–1.75).

Conclusion
Maternal influenza, common cold, herpes and threatened abortion from 3 months before pregnancy through the first trimester were associated with an increased risk of congenital heart disease in offspring. The teratogenic effect of these conditions may be attenuated by medication use, except for threatened abortion.
Las interrogativas hipotéticas conquéinvariable en español: Un tipo de interrogativas parciales marcadas
Authors: Reig Alamillo Asela 
Published: February 2019

ResumenEste trabajo analiza y describe, a partir de datos procedentes de corpora orales del español de España, la construcción interrogativa hipotética (¿Qué vienes, mañana?), un tipo de construcción interrogativa no descrita hasta el momento. Esta construcción sirve al hablante para realizar una pregunta parcial y presentar, al mismo tiempo, una posible respuesta que se infiere del contexto discursivo. Se trata de una pregunta parcial formalmente marcada: es encabezada por un pronombre interrogativo invariablequé, independientemente de la función sintáctica del constituyente interrogado; presenta un mínimo contenido presupuesto en la interrogación – típicamente, solo el contenido verbal –; e incluye una hipótesis respecto a la respuesta posible a la pregunta, típicamente inferida del discurso previo o del contexto discursivo inmediato.
1-(2-Aminoethyl)-1-dodecyl-2-undecyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-ium chloride, 1-(2-Aminoethyl)-1-dodecyl-2-tridecyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-ium chloride as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Oil Wells Formation Water
Authors: Gomaa Hossam Mohamed , EL-Rabiei Mohamed Mohamed , Nady Hashem , Zaki Elsayed Gamal , Migahed Mohamed Attia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Introducing1-(2-aminoethyl)-1-dodecyl-2-undecyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-ium chloride (LQI), 1-(2-aminoethyl)-1-dodecyl-2-tridecyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-ium chloride (MQI) as two organic structures quaternary ammonium salts, which have been made and analyzed by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopic methods. (X-65) carbon steel’s corrosion in naturally formed rocks’ oil wells formation water in the nonappearance (Blank) and using a wide range of concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ppm) of these cationic surfactants, as inhibition blockers using direct current (DC), alternative current (AC) electrochemical ways. To sum up, the inhibition efficiency grew with up the gradual rise in the inhibitor content till having peaked at (500 ppm) registered (94.83%) for (MQI). Specifically, carbon steel’s morphology was closely inspected with the aid of highly automated scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray facilities. As a matter of fact, quantum chemical calculations enriched the theoretical study of the (LQI, MQI) compounds depend on energy levels’, energy maps, and 3D structures consideration.
Multiple Pathways Act Together To Establish Asymmetry of the Ventral Nerve Cord in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Taylor Jesse , Hutter Harald 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The central nervous system of most animals is bilaterally symmetrical. Closer observation often reveals some functional or anatomical left–right asymmetries. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the most obvious asymmetry in the nervous system is found in the ventral nerve cord (VNC), where most axons are in the right axon tract. The asymmetry is established when axons entering the VNC from the brain switch from the left to the right side at the anterior end of the VNC. In genetic screens we identified several mutations compromising VNC asymmetry. This includes alleles of col-99 (encoding a transmembrane collagen), unc-52/perlecan and unc-34 (encoding the actin modulator Enabled/Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoproteins). In addition, we evaluated mutants in known axon guidance pathways for asymmetry defects and used genetic interaction studies to place the genes into genetic pathways. In total we identified four different pathways contributing to the establishment of VNC asymmetry, represented by UNC-6/netrin, SAX-3/Robo, COL-99, and EPI-1/laminin. The combined inactivation of these pathways in triple and quadruple mutants leads to highly penetrant VNC asymmetry defects, suggesting these pathways are important contributors to the establishment of VNC asymmetry in C. elegans.
Quantum Mechanical Calculations of a Fusion Reaction for Some Selected Halo Systems
Authors: Majeed F. A. , Mahdi F. A. 
Published: February 2019

The effect of the breakup channel on the fusion reaction of weakly bound systems by means of a quantum mechanical approach has been discussed. The total fusion reaction cross-section Ofus, the fusion barrier distribution Dfus and the mean angular momentum ⟨L⟩ for the systems 6He+64Zn, 6He+209Bi, 8B+58Ni and 11Be+238U have been calculated. The inclusion of the breakup channel is found to be very essential in the calculations of the fusion reaction for systems involving light halo nuclei especially below the Coulomb barrier Vb. The results of the calculations of Ofus, Dfus and ⟨L⟩ agrees quite well with the corresponding experimental data.
Outcomes of combination therapy for stage IIA–IIIB cervical cancer
Authors: Reyes Santiago D. K. , Khadzhimba A. S. , Sobolev I. V. , Ilyin A. A. , Maksimov S. Ya. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: to analyze treatment outcomes in patients with stage IIA–IIIB cervical cancer.Materials and methods. The study included 278 women with stage IIA–IIIB cervical cancer. Study participants were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 165 patients who received chemoradiotherapy + surgery (radical hysterectomy). Patients in group 2 received standard radiotherapy.Results. Patients receiving combination therapy demonstrated better overall and relapse-free survival compared to those receiving standard treatment.Conclusion. Both publications of other authors and our own results suggest high efficacy and safety of combination therapy for stage IIA–IIIB cervical cancer.
Öznitelik Seçme ve Makine Öğrenmesi Yöntemleriyle Eğitmen Performansının Tahmin Edilmesi
Authors: ÇİFÇİ Fatih , KALELİ Cihan , ÜNAL Serkan 
Published: February 2019

Günümüzde hayatın her sektöründe işlenen veri miktarının
artması, veri madenciliğin giderek daha popüler hale gelmesine yol açmış ve
yüksek miktarda verinin artan bir karmaşıklıkta işlenmesi ihtiyacı doğmuştur.
Finanstan, sağlığa, savunmadan eğitime onlarca sektörün sorunlarını çözmek
adına gün geçtikçe farklı yöntemler geliştirilmekte, sosyal, ekonomik, bilimsel
birçok problemin çözümü adına veri madenciliği yöntemlerine başvurulmaktadır.
Eğitilen ve eğiten sayısının gün geçtikçe arttığı eğitim sektöründe ise,
sistemin başarısının geliştirilebilmesi için, gerek eğitilen gerekse
eğitimcilerinin performanslarının takip edilmesi ve kıymetlendirilmesi
ihtiyacı, eğitimsel veri madenciliği kavramını doğurmuştur. Bu alanda yapılan
çalışmalar genel olarak, öğrenci performansı konularına yoğunlaştığından,
eğitmen performansı konusunda daha çok çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Eğitimsel veri madenciliği alanında öznitelik seçme ile birleştirilmiş makine
öğrenmesi kullanan çalışmaların genel olarak öğrenci performansı üzerine
yoğunlaştığı, ancak az sayıdaki çalışmanın eğitmen performansı üzerinde durduğu
görülmüştür. Bu çalışmamızda, eğitmen performansının eğitimsel veri madenciliği
yöntemleriyle nasıl tespit edilebileceği üzerinde durulmuştur.&nbsp; Çalışma kapsamında Gazi Üniversitesi
öğrencilerinin eğitmenleri hakkında doldurdukları bir Likert Ölçekli Anket veri
seti üzerinde çalışılmış, çeşitli öznitelik indirgeme algoritmaları ve farklı
makine öğrenme yöntemleriyle veri seti kıymetlendirilmiş ve eğitmenlerin
performansları tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre genetik algoritma
ile öznitelik seçmenin, kullanılan veri seti için diğer yöntemlere kıyasla en
iyi sonucu verdiğini göstermiş ve 33 tane öznitelik yerine 19 öznitelik
kullanılabileceği ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Genetik algoritma ile birlikte makine
öğrenmesi yöntemi olarak derin öğrenme kullanımı ile birlikte %97,70 bir tahmin
doğruluk performansına ulaşılmış ve bu değerin tüm özniteliklerin kullanılması
ile elde edilebilecek değerden yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmayı
diğerlerinden farklı kılan özelliği ise, indirgenmiş öznitelik sayısı ve makine
öğrenmesini birleştirmesinin yanında, eğitmen performanslarının sıralanması
işlemini de somut olarak yapmasıdır.
Walter Benjamin’s Zur Kritik der Gewalt (‘On the Critique of Violence’): reception, relevance, and a mis-diagnosis?
Authors: Whittington Valerie 
Published: February 2019

Walter Benjamin’s early essay Zur Kritik der Gewalt [Zur Kritik] first published in 1921 is a notoriously difficult text, but its relevance tocontemporary politics makes it a text to which theorists repeatedly return. This reading takes issue with those critics, notably Axel Honneth, who see Benjamin’s project in Zur Kritik as fatally,dangerously flawed. It is suggested here that Benjamin’s text, despite the difficulties, still posits the possibility of a ‘lookout point’ - notprescriptive per se but in keeping with his abiding interest in literature, metaphorical and exegetical. There is no ground on which to standthat does not in effect constitute the lookout point of the place andtimes of the lookout, but this reading suggests that the Benjaminianlookout point is the lookout which is never fixed because it is not‘looking out’ on but towards others, and is not merely addressing and prescribing, but talking with itself and others. That Benjamin embracesreligious language to effect this move, perhaps suggesting, a lookout in judgment from a fixed point, from some ‘higher’ (transcendental)ground, certainly might be troubling for some, but it will be suggested these anxieties are misplaced.
Vitamin D deficiency and Depression: What Can We Do?
Authors: ERSOY Nesli , ERSOY Gülgün 
Published: February 2019

Vitamin D deficiency is known to be widely in Western
populations. The implications of this in terms of bone health are increasingly understood,
yet its impact on other health areas, particularly mental health, is unclear. Although
recent data shown that vitamin D has an important impact on pathophysiology and
progression of serious chronic illness, vitamin D deficiency may be common,
especially in the risk groups who utilize limited sunshine such as elderly,
pregnant and children. Low vitamin D levels are associated with depression,
poor mood and other mental disorders. Most important data about relationship
between vitamin D and depression is determination of vitamin D receptors at
most area in brain and immüno reactivity of 1-alpha-hydroxylase that convert to
1.25(OH)D from 25(OH). Although there are a number of trials that have suggested
a role on lower serum vitamin D level and pathophysiology of depression, more
studies were need about vitamin D supplementation on treatment of depression.
Vitamin D deficiency is still major public health problem for our country. Primarycare
patients with a history of depression may be an important target for assessment
of vitamin D levels.
EFEITO DO HIDROTREINAMENTO NA FORÇA MUSCULAR E CAPACIDADES FUNCIONAIS EM IDOSAS ATIVAS
Authors: Da Silva Jose Carlos Gomes , Aboarrage Junior Antonio Michel 
Published: February 2019

Contexto: O envelhecimento é um processo natural nas alterações fisiológicas e determinam mudanças na estrutura do corpo humano, modificando suas funções, e essas modificações são caracterizadas por fatores genéticos, estilo de vida sedentária e ambientais.Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção de Hidro treinamento nas capacidades funcionais de idosas já treinadas no meio aquático.Método: Foram recrutadas 60 idosas, todas já experientes no meio aquático para que não houvesse interferência na hora de dividir os grupos em Hidro treinamento (n = 30) com intervenção, e grupo controle (n = 30) com hidroginástica convencional, e na divisão dos grupos, foi de maneira aleatória, já que todas eram experientes em atividades aquáticas. As intervenções aconteceram durante 12 semanas, com 3 vezes por semanas. Os dados antropométricos e capacidades funcionais, foram realizados pré e pós intervenção Resultados: Houve diferença na força de preensão palmar hidro treinamento e o grupo controle com para mão dominante, e pós intervenção do hidro treinamento, e para o grupo controle para mão não-dominante. Para os testes funcionais, não houve diferença significativa nas variáveis de sentar e levantar, e levantar e caminhar.Conclusões: O presente estudo demostrou que a nossa hipótese de melhorar a força dos membros superiores e inferiores se confirmou, que uma intervenção de Hidro treinamento com exercícios específicos e bem orientados.
ACONDICIONAMIENTO FÍSICO EN EL MEDIO ACUÁTICO
Authors: Marcos Pardo Pablo Jorge 
Published: February 2019

Hablar de acondicionamiento físico en el medio acuático implica definir diversos términos como actividad física, ejercicio físico, condición física y estilo de vida por su estrecha relación con la salud. Se define actividad física (AF) como cualquier movimiento corporal producido por los músculos esqueléticos que requieren de un gasto energético; ejercicio físico (EF) es un tipo de actividad física en la que hay movimientos corporales repetitivos, planificados y estructurados, y que se hacen con un objetivo para mejorar o mantener uno o más componentes de la condición física (CF) (Caspersen, Powell, & Christenson, 1985). Se denomina estilo de vida al conjunto de hábitos cotidianos de comportamiento de una persona con los factores ambientales. Se asocia directamente el estado de salud con el estilo de vida saludable. La AF y el EF a través del acondicionamiento físico es parte integral de cualquier plan para asegurar a las personas una vida saludable. Las personas deben integrar en su vida unos hábitos saludables que le permitan facilitar la pérdida de peso, disminuir la presión arterial, combatir las dislipidemias y en términos generales, reducir el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas y de todas las causas de mortalidad. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 2002), define el término salud como “el estado completo de bienestar físico, mental y social y no la mera ausencia de enfermedad”.