bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing co-occurring conditions by age at diagnosis in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Failla Michelle D. , Schwartz Kyle L. , Chaganti Shikha , Cutting Laurie E. , Landman Bennett A. , Cascio Carissa J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIndividuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience a significant number of co-occurring medical conditions, yet little is known about these conditions beyond prevalence. We hypothesized that individuals with ASD experienced an increased burden of co-occurring conditions as measured by presence, frequency, and duration of visits related to co-occurring conditions. We expected that age of ASD diagnosis (early, <7; late, >7) would be associated with different co-occurring conditions. Medical record data were extracted from a large anonymized medical center database for 3097 individuals with ASD and 3097 matched controls. Co-occurring conditions were characterized using a novel tool (pyPheWAS) to examine presence, frequency, and duration of each condition. We identified several categories of co-occurring conditions in ASD: neurological (epilepsy, sleep disorders); psychiatric (mood disorders, adjustment/conduct disorders, suicidal ideation), and developmental. Early ASD diagnosis was associated with epilepsy-related conditions, whereas a later diagnosis was associated with psychiatric conditions. The early ASD diagnosis group had later first diagnosis of co-occurring psychiatric conditions compared to the late ASD diagnosis group. Our work confirms individuals with ASD are under a significant medical burden, with increased duration and frequency of visits associated with co-occurring conditions. Adequate management of these conditions could reduce burden on individuals with ASD.
Long-term reciprocal gene flow in wild and domestic geese reveals complex domestication history
Authors: Heikkinen Marja E. , Ruokonen Minna , White Thomas A. , Alexander Michelle M. , Gündüz İslam , Dobney Keith M. , Aspi Jouni , Searle Jeremy B. , Pyhäjärvi Tanja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHybridization has frequently been observed between wild and domestic species and can substantially impact genetic diversity of both counterparts. Geese show some of the highest levels of interspecific hybridization across all bird orders, and two of the goose species in genusAnserhave been domesticated providing excellent opportunity for joint study of domestication and hybridization. Until now, knowledge on the details of the goose domestication process has come from archaeological findings and historical writings supplemented with few studies based on mitochondrial DNA. Here, we used genome-wide markers to make the first genome-based inference of the timing of European goose domestication. We also analyzed the impact of hybridization on the genome-wide genetic variation in current populations of the European domestic goose and its wild progenitor: the greylag goose (Anser anser). Our dataset consisted of 58 wild greylags sampled around Eurasia and 75 domestic geese representing 14 breeds genotyped for 33,527 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Demographic reconstruction and clustering analysis suggested that divergence between wild and domestic geese around 5,300 generations ago was followed by long-term genetic exchange, and that greylag populations have 3.2–58.0% admixture proportions with domestic geese, with distinct geographic patterns. Surprisingly, many modern European breeds share considerable (> 10%) ancestry with Chinese domestic geese that is derived from the swan gooseAnser cygnoid. We show that domestication process can progress despite continued and pervasive gene flow from the wild form.Significance StatementReproductive isolation between conspecific wild and domestic populations is a cornerstone of the domestication process, yet gene flow between such wild and domestic populations has been frequently documented. European domestic geese and their wild progenitor (greylags) co-occur and can hybridize and we show that they represent a particularly persuasive case where wild and domestic populations are not isolated gene pools. Our study makes a first genome-based estimate of goose domestication, which up to now has mostly relied on archaeological findings and historical writings. We show ongoing gene flow between greylags and European domestic geese following domestication, but we also observe a surprisingly large contribution of Chinese domestic geese (a separate species) to the genetic make-up of European domestic geese.
Adaptation and convergence in circadian-related genes in Iberian freshwater fish
Authors: Moreno João M , Jesus Tiago F , Sousa Vitor C , Coelho Maria M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe circadian clock is a biological timing system that improves the ability of organisms to deal with environmental fluctuations. At the molecular level it consists of a network of transcription-translation feedback loops, involving genes that activate (bmal and clock – positive loop) and repress expression (cryptochrome (cry) and period (per) – negative loop). This is regulated by daily alternations of light but can also be affected by temperature. Fish, as ectothermic, depend on the environmental temperature and thus are good models to study its integration within the circadian system. Here, we studied the molecular evolution of circadian genes in four Squalius freshwater fish species, distributed across Western Iberian rivers affected by two climatic types with different environmental conditions (e.g. light and temperature). S. carolitertii and S. pyrenaicus inhabit the colder northern region under Atlantic climate type, while S. torgalensis, S. aradensis and some populations of S. pyrenaicus inhabit the warmer southern region affected by summer droughts, under Mediterranean climate type.ResultsWe identified 16 circadian-core genes in the Squalius species using a comparative transcriptomics approach. We detected evidence of positive selection in nine of these genes using methods based on dN/dS. Positive selection was mainly found in cry and per genes of the negative loop of the cycle, with 11 putatively adaptive substitutions mostly located on protein domains. Evidence for positive selection is predominant in southern populations affected by the Mediterranean climate type. By predicting protein features we found that changes at sites under positive selection can impact protein thermostability by changing their aliphatic index and isoelectric point. Additionally, in nine genes, the phylogenetic clustering of species that belong to different clades but inhabit southern basins with similar environmental conditions indicated evolutionary convergence.ConclusionsOur results support that temperature may be a strong selective pressure driving the evolution of genes involved in the circadian system. By integrating sequence-based functional protein prediction with dN/dS-based methods to detect selection we also uncovered adaptive convergence in the southern populations, probably related to their similar thermal conditions.
Comparison of adopted and non-adopted individuals reveals gene-environment interplay for education in the UK Biobank
Authors: Cheesman Rosa , Hunjan Avina , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Ahmadzadeh Yasmin , Plomin Robert , McAdams Tom A. , Eley Thalia C. , Breen Gerome 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIndividual-level polygenic scores can now explain ∼10% of the variation in number of years of completed education. However, associations between polygenic scores and education capture not only genetic propensity but information about the environment that individuals are exposed to. This is because individuals passively inherit effects of parental genotypes, since their parents typically also provide the rearing environment. In other words, the strong correlation between offspring and parent genotypes results in an association between the offspring genotypes and the rearing environment. This is termed passive gene-environment correlation. We present an approach to test for the extent of passive gene-environment correlation for education without requiring intergenerational data. Specifically, we use information from 6311 individuals in the UK Biobank who were adopted in childhood to compare genetic influence on education between adoptees and non-adopted individuals. Adoptees’ rearing environments are less correlated with their genotypes, because they do not share genes with their adoptive parents. We find that polygenic scores are twice as predictive of years of education in non-adopted individuals compared to adoptees (R2= 0.074 vs 0.037, difference test p= 8.23 × 10−24). We provide another kind of evidence for the influence of parental behaviour on offspring education: individuals in the lowest decile of education polygenic score attain significantly more education if they are adopted, possibly due to educationally supportive adoptive environments. Overall, these results suggest that genetic influences on education are mediated via the home environment. As such, polygenic prediction of educational attainment represents gene-environment correlations just as much as it represents direct genetic effects.
Phylogenetic Tree-based Pipeline for Uncovering Mutational Patterns during Influenza Virus Evolution
Authors: Ivan Fransiskus Xaverius , Deshpande Akhila , Lim Chun Wei , Zhou Xinrui , Zheng Jie , Kwoh Chee Keong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVarious computational and statistical approaches have been proposed to uncover the mutational patterns of rapidly evolving influenza viral genes. Nonetheless, the approaches mainly rely on sequence alignments which could potentially lead to spurious mutations obtained by comparing sequences from different clades that coexist during particular periods of time. To address this issue, we propose a phylogenetic tree-based pipeline that takes into account the evolutionary structure in the sequence data. Assuming that the sequences evolve progressively under a strict molecular clock, considering a competitive model that is based on a certain Markov model, and using a resampling approach to obtain robust estimates, we could capture statistically significant single-mutations and co-mutations during the sequence evolution. Moreover, by considering the results obtained from analyses that consider all paths and the longest path in the resampled trees, we can categorize the mutational sites and suggest their relevance. Here we applied the pipeline to investigate the 50 years of evolution of the HA sequences of influenza A/H3N2 viruses. In addition to confirming previous knowledge on the A/H3N2 HA evolution, we also demonstrate the use of the pipeline to classify mutational sites according to whether they are able to enhance antigenic drift, compensate other mutations that enhance antigenic drift, or both.
Plastic but repeatable: rapid adjustments of mitochondrial function and density during reproduction in a wild bird species
Authors: Stier Antoine , Bize Pierre , Hsu Bin-Yan , Ruuskanen Suvi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost of the energy fluxes supporting animal performance flow through mitochondria. Hence, inter-individual differences in performance might be rooted in inter-individual variations in mitochondrial function and density. Furthermore, because the energy required by an individual often changes across life stages, mitochondrial function and density are also expected to show within-individual variation (i.e. plasticity). No study so far has repeatedly measured mitochondrial function and density in the same individuals to simultaneously test for within-individual repeatability and plasticity of mitochondrial traits. Here, we repeatedly measured mitochondrial DNA copy number (a proxy of density) and respiration rates from blood cells of female pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) at the incubation and chick-rearing stages. Mitochondrial density and respiration rates were all repeatable (R = [0.45-0.80]), indicating high within-individual consistency in mitochondrial traits across life-history stages. Mitochondrial traits were also plastic, showing a quick (i.e. 10 days) down-regulation from incubation to chick-rearing in mitochondrial density, respiratory activity, and cellular regulation by endogenous substrates and/or ATP demand. These downregulations were partially compensated by an increase in mitochondrial efficiency at the chick-rearing stage. Therefore, our study provides clear evidence for both short-term plasticity and high within-individual consistency in mitochondrial function and density during reproduction in a wild bird species.
An exploration-enhanced elephant herding optimization
Authors: ElShaarawy Islam A. , Houssein Essam H. , Ismail Fatma Helmy , Hassanien Aboul Ella 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an enhanced elephant herding optimization (EEHO) algorithm by improving the exploration phase to overcome the fast-unjustified convergence toward the origin of the native EHO. The exploration and exploitation of the proposed EEHO are achieved by updating both clan and separation operators.Design/methodology/approachThe original EHO shows fast unjustified convergence toward the origin specifically, a constant function is used as a benchmark for inspecting the biased convergence of evolutionary algorithms. Furthermore, the star discrepancy measure is adopted to quantify the quality of the exploration phase of evolutionary algorithms in general.FindingsIn experiments, EEHO has shown a better performance of convergence rate compared with the original EHO. Reasons behind this performance are: EEHO proposes a more exploitative search method than the one used in EHO and the balanced control of exploration and exploitation based on fixing clan updating operator and separating operator. Operatorγis added to EEHO assists to escape from local optima, which commonly exist in the search space. The proposed EEHO controls the convergence rate and the random walk independently. Eventually, the quantitative and qualitative results revealed that the proposed EEHO outperforms the original EHO.Research limitations/implicationsTherefore, the pros and cons are reported as follows: pros of EEHO compared to EHO – 1) unbiased exploration of the whole search space thanks to the proposed update operator that fixed the unjustified convergence of the EHO toward the origin and the proposed separating operator that fixed the tendency of EHO to introduce new elephants at the boundary of the search space; and 2) the ability to control exploration–exploitation trade-off by independently controverting the convergence rate and the random walk using different parameters – cons EEHO compared to EHO: 1) suitable values for three parameters (rather than two only) have to be found to use EEHO.Originality/valueAs the original EHO shows fast unjustified convergence toward the origin specifically, the search method adopted in EEHO is more exploitative than the one used in EHO because of the balanced control of exploration and exploitation based on fixing clan updating operator and separating operator. Further, the star discrepancy measure is adopted to quantify the quality of exploration phase of evolutionary algorithms in general. Operatorγthat added EEHO allows the successive local and global searching (exploration and exploitation) and helps escaping from local minima that commonly exist in the search space.
Influence of adhesion strength on cavitation erosion resistance of diamond-like carbon coating
Authors: Cheng Feng , Ji Weixi , Zhao Junhua 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The disbonding of DLC coating is a main failure mode in the high-speed cavitation condition, which shortens the service life of the bearing. This study aims to investigate influence of adhesion strength on cavitation erosion resistance of DLC coating.

Design/methodology/approach
Three DLC coatings with different adhesion strengths were grown on the 304 steel surfaces by using a cathodic arc plasma deposition method. Cavitation tests were performed by using a vibratory test rig to investigate the influence of adhesion strength on cavitation erosion resistance of a DLC coating. The cavitation mechanism of the substrate-coating systems was further discussed by means of surface analyses.

Findings
The results indicated that, the residual stress decreased and then increased with the increasing DLC coating thickness from 1 µm to 2.9 µm, and the lower residual stress can improve the adhesion strength of the DLC coating to the substrate. It was also concluded that, the plastic deformation as well as the fracture occurred on the DLC coating surface at the same time, owing to higher residual stress and poorer adhesion strength. However, lower residual stress and better adhesion strength could help resist the occurrence of the coating fracture.

Originality/value
Cavitation tests were performed by using a vibratory test rig to investigate the influence of adhesion strength on cavitation erosion resistance of the DLC coating. The plastic deformation and the fracture occurred on the DLC coating surface at the same time, owing to higher residual stress and poorer adhesion of coating. Lower residual stress and better adhesion of coating could resist the occurrence of the DLC coating fracture.
The dynamic simulation and experiment of bearing capacity of multi oil cushion static bearing with double rectangular cavities
Authors: Zhang Yanqin , Sun Jichang , Kong Pengrui , Kong Xiangbin , Yu Xiaodong 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to analyze the bearing capacity of hydrostatic bearing during the change of film thickness under different working conditions and to improve the processing efficiency and precision of equipment.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, Q1-205 double rectangular cavity hydrostatic thrust bearing is selected as the research object. The dynamic mesh method and ANSYS/FLUENT software are used to simulate the curves of oil film thickness and oil pressure under different operating conditions. Finally, the change of pressure in the oil cavity at different operating speeds under a certain inlet flow rate was tested through design experiments.

Findings
When the film thickness was thick, the maximum pressure in the oil cavity at different inlet velocities showed little difference. With a larger inlet flow, the maximum pressure in the oil cavity was higher. The pressure at the edge of the oil seal was linearly distributed. The oil pressure in the downstream side was greater than that in the counter flow side. When the working pressure was low, the pressure in the oil cavity slightly decreased with the increase of working speed. Moreover, the pressure loss at high speed was considerable.

Originality/value
Based on the lubrication theory, the mathematical model of the bearing oil film was set up. The bearing capacity equation of the hydrostatic cavity was derived. The double-rectangular-annular hydrostatic guides studied in this paper have not been reported in previous research literature and the method of dynamic mesh dynamic simulation of variable viscosity is seldom studied before. The bearing characteristics and the change of oil film thickness under different working conditions have been studied systematically and comprehensively. The theoretical analysis results are basically consistent with the experimental results.
Microstructural evolution and dynamic strain-hardening in friction-induced deformation layers of 30CrMnSi steel
Authors: Zhu Peng , Liang Shuang , Yang Yudan , Wei Xicheng , Wang Wurong 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the correlation between wear behavior and microstructure evolution in friction-induced deformation layers (FDL) of 30CrMnSi steel, especially the role of strain-hardening induced by plastic deformation in FDL, which accordingly alters the wear behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
Dry sliding friction and wear behaviors of the 30CrMnSi steel against quenched and tempered GCr15 steel were studied using a pin-on-disc tester. The microstructure, hardness and plastic deformation of FDL were investigated.

Findings
It was found that the evolution of microstructure and strain-hardening induced by plastic deformation were occurred in the subsurface. When the microstructure, hardness and depth of the plastic deformation layer (PDL) reached a relatively steady state, the friction process transformed into stable-state stage. The wear loss and depth of the PDL was in dynamic equilibrium at stable wear stage.

Originality/value
In this paper, the correlation among the microstructure evolution, the strain-hardening and wear behavior were systemically analyzed. This paper could provide a theoretical reference for optimizing the microstructure and strain hardening properties of tribo-pairs materials.
Research Watch: inclusion of people’s social networks can help when they experience psychosis
Authors: Holttum Sue 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine two recent papers on Open Dialogue, an approach for people experiencing psychosis that involves people’s social networks from the beginning, and aims to empower the service user and their network to develop a shared view of what is happening and what to do.

Design/methodology/approach
A search was carried out for recent papers on Open Dialogue.

Findings
One paper reported on outcomes after an average of 20 years for people treated with Open Dialogue approach compared with usual treatment in Finland. Outcome was statistically significantly better for people who received Open Dialogue. A second paper reported on interviews with 20 people who had received Open Dialogue approach 20 years earlier. Participants told stories of life events and circumstances that caused accumulating stress leading to the mental health crisis. They gradually came through by their own actions and support from others. This may reflect how Open Dialogue emphasises personal agency and social support.

Originality/value
These are the first two papers to report on longer-term follow-up after Open Dialogue treatment. They continue to support the suggestion that Open Dialogue can be more beneficial than usual treatment. By including and working with people’s social networks, Open Dialogue may be particularly efficient at mobilising people’s social resources and empowering their personal agency.
How interpretive and critical teacher-researchers in accounting infuse research into their lessons – a research note
Authors: Lemaire Célia , Paquin Pauline 
Published: July 2019

PurposeTeacher-researchers carry out two singular, demanding and time-consuming, activities: research and teaching. Some, convinced of the cross-fertilization of these two activities, try to introduce elements of their research into their courses. This intention becomes a major challenge for interpretive and critical teacher-researchers in accounting who cannot rely on textbooks, mostly oriented for the mainstream. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how those teacher-researchers proceed to infuse their research into their courses.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is an exploratory qualitative study based on interviews.FindingsThe results show three typical profiles that correspond to three ways of infusing research into courses, and how these profiles can evolve and combine.Originality/valueThe identification of teacher-researcher profiles allows categorization of how they infuse their research into their teaching. By listing the constraints imposed on teacher-researchers intending to infuse research, proposals for ways to overcome the identified constraints that hinder the cross-fertilization of research and teaching are suggested. The paper also reexamines the status of teachers-researchers in accounting who address a critical approach in their teaching.