bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory mediators of stress exposure and neurodevelopment in very preterm infants: Protocol for the stress neuro‐immune study
Authors: Nist Marliese Dion , Pickler Rita H. , Steward Deborah K. , Harrison Tondi M. , Shoben Abigail B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims(a) Determine relationships among stress exposure, inflammation, and neurodevelopment in very preterm infants and determine the mediated effect of inflammation on the relationship between stress exposure and neurodevelopment; (b) describe cytokine trajectories following birth and determine the effect of stress exposure on these trajectories; and (c) examine relationships between stress exposure and chronic stress responses in very preterm infants.DesignNon‐experimental, repeated measures.MethodsVery preterm infants born 28–31 weeks post menstrual age will be enrolled. Cumulative stress exposure over the first 14 days of life will be measured using the Neonatal Infant Stressor Scale. Blood will be collected weekly for the quantification of cytokines. Neurodevelopment will be assessed using the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant and hair for quantification of hair cortisol will be collected at 35 weeks post menstrual age. Multiple linear regression and conditional process analysis will be used to analyse the relationships among stress exposure, inflammation and neurodevelopment. Linear mixed models will be used to determine inflammatory trajectories over time. IRB approval for the study was received May 2017, and funding from the National Institute of Nursing Research was awarded July 2017.DiscussionThis study will determine the extent to which inflammation mediates the relationship between stress exposure and neurodevelopment. Interventions to attenuate inflammation in preterm infants may improve outcomes.ImpactDetermining the potentially modifiable mediators of stress exposure and neurodevelopment in preterm infants is critical to improving long‐term outcomes.
Diagnosis‐to‐ablation time in atrial fibrillation: A modifiable factor relevant to clinical outcome
Authors: Bisbal Felipe , Alarcón Francisco , Ferrero‐De‐Loma‐Osorio Angel , González‐Ferrer Juan Jose , Alonso‐Martín Concepción , Pachón Marta , Vallés Ermengol , Cabanas‐Grandío Pilar , Sanchez Manuel , Benito Eva , Sarrias Axel , Ruiz‐Granell Ricardo , Pérez‐Villacastín Julián , Viñolas Xavier , Arias Miguel Angel , Martí‐Almor Julio , García‐Campo Enrique , Fernández‐Lozano Ignacio , Villuendas Roger , Mont Lluís 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecurrences after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation are still common. Among the reported clinical and imaging predictors of recurrences, diagnosis‐to‐ablation time (DAT) has been defined as a predictor of ablation outcome in single‐center studies. We aimed to validate DAT in a multicenter real‐life cohort.MethodsThis was a multicenter study including consecutive patients undergoing first paroxysmal and persistent AF ablation with radiofrequency or cryoballoon catheters during 2013. Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to identify predictors of recurrence.ResultsIn total, 309 patients were included across nine centers (71% men, 57 ± 10 years old, 46% with hypertension, and 66% with CHA2DS2‐VASc ≤ 1). Most patients had paroxysmal AF (67%) and underwent radiofrequency ablation (68%) with a median DAT of 51 (43) months. Patients with DAT ≤ 1 year (16.6%) were less likely to have repeat procedures (4% vs 18%; P = .017). The adjusted proportional hazards Cox model identified hypertension (P = .005), heart failure (P = .011), nonparoxysmal AF (P = .038), DAT > 1 year (P = .007), and LA diameter (P = .026) as independent predictors for AF recurrence. DAT > 1 year was the only modifiable factor independently associated with recurrence (HR 4.2 [95% CI, 1.5‐11.9])ConclusionDiagnosis‐to‐ablation time is a modifiable factor independently associated with recurrent arrhythmia and repeat ablation after first AF ablation. An early intervention strategy during the first year from AF diagnosis might improve outcomes.
Resilience as an Emergent European Project? The EU's Place in the Resilience Turn
Authors: Joseph Jonathan , Juncos Ana E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article looks at the development of the resilience approach in EU foreign policy. Building state and societal resilience in the EU's neighbourhood has been identified as one of the key priorities in the EU global strategy. Here we critically analyse these developments and seek to provide an account of the complex dynamics within which the EU's approach to resilience is located. We argue that EU resilience‐thinking is influenced by three broad dynamics – the neoliberal and Anglo‐Saxon approaches to resilience in the sphere of global governance; the particular normative discourse of the EU as a certain type of global actor (the EU as a normative/liberal power); and the multilevel character of the EU with its complex institutional structure and path dependencies which results in decoupling. As a consequence, the ‘translation’ of resilience constitutes an emergent project at the EU level, but also brings with it new challenges. The argument will be illustrated through a study of the EU global strategy and the Joint Communication on resilience in the neighbourhood.
Safety and efficacy of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy versus laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Kankan , Liu Jie , Wang Mengchuan , Yang Hao , Wu Aiguo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) are widely performed to cure obesity and obesity‐related diseases. Our aim was to compare these two procedures.Materials and methodsAn electronic literature search was performed from inception to December 2018. The clinical outcomes between LSG and LRYGB were pooled using software RevMan5.3.ResultsA total of 1076 patients from 11 studies were analysed. LSG had shorter operation time (mean difference [MD] = −33.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], −46.04 to −21.57; P < .00001) and less early complications rate (risk ratio [RR] = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.84; P = .005) compared with LRYGB. There were no significant difference about the readmission rate (RR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.21‐1.54; P = .27) and re‐operation rate (RR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.14‐1.27; P = .13) between LSG and LRYGB. The conversion to open rate and mortality rate within 30 days was low in both LSG and LRYGB. Mean hospital stay in LSG group (0.3‐5.2 d) seems shorter than that in the LRYGB group (2.3‐6.6 d). As to the effect of LSG and LRYGB on the percentage of excess weight loss (EWL), there was no significant difference between these two surgeries in EWL (MD = −4.05; 95% CI, −8.89 to 0.80; P = .10). LSG was equal to LRYGB on remission of T2DM (RR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.84‐1.06; P = .31).ConclusionsBoth LSG and LRYGB can be performed with very low conversion to open rate and mortality rate. The readmission rate and re‐operation rate are comparable between these two surgeries. The efficacy of these two surgeries on EWL and T2DM is equivalent, but LSG has an advantage over LRYGB in operation time and early complications rate.
Integration of wavelet network and image processing for determination of total pigments in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) peel during ripening
Authors: Taghadomi‐Saberi Saeedeh , Masoumi Amin A. , Sadeghi Morteza , Zekri Maryam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article presents a novel computer‐aided prediction system based on integration of fixed‐grid wavelet network (FGWN) and image processing technique for quantification of pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) in bitter orange peel. The proposed intelligent system captures the fruits image and uses image processing followed by principal component analysis (PCA) in order to extract the effective features. They consisted of 34 color features in the RGB and CIE color spaces, including some statistical parameters of color matrices (R, G, and B) or their differences and ratios as well as three CIE parameters. The first four principal components of the selected features are then fed as the inputs to the FGWN for estimating each pigment. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were modeled with the acceptable determination coefficient of 0.96 and 0.87, respectively. To evaluate the performance of the WN, it is compared against two common and powerful artificial intelligence techniques namely artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The results revealed that the WN could provide almost the same performance with a much lower number of parameters. Therefore, this study develops a novel attempt of strategy to be used for quality control of the bitter orange peel.Practical applicationsA research challenge could be developing a fast, cheap, and nondestructive system that predicts pigments contents of citrus fruits for different applications and/or specifying the necessity of postharvest artificial de‐greening to satisfy market demand. The integration of image processing and fixed‐grid wavelet network (FGWN) is a potential approach to overcome the mentioned challenge. Such an integration showed acceptable results for the determination of chlorophylls and carotenoids content in bitter oranges in the current study. In terms of applicability, the parsimonious models of the FGWN is quite desirable for online uses.
Rapid detection of single viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells in milk by flow cytometry
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Sui Zhiwei , Lin Jing , Huo Nairui , Yang Jiayi , Wang Bin , Gu Shaopeng 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E coli O157:H7) is a highly virulent bacterial strain that is present in food, and as few as 10 cells can cause severe diseases. Rapid and sensitive bacterial detection is urgently required. In this study, we report a flow cytometry (FCM)‐based method for detecting E coli O157:H7 at the single‐cell level. Single E coli O157:H7 cells were obtained by a flow cytometric cell sorter and then artificially added to milk. Next, using BHI for 6.5 hr of enrichment, isolation of target cells, and dual staining, this method could be applied to detect single viable E coli O157:H7 cells in 25 mL of milk. The time to results (TTR) of the FCM‐based method was 7 hr.Practical applicationsThe plate‐based method is the currently recommended method for detection of single E coli O157:H7 cells in milk because of the ease of operation. However, this method is time‐consuming, requiring enrichment of the target organism to attain quantifiable levels. Accordingly, rapid detection of microorganisms in milk would be of great benefit to public health. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a sensitive technique that can be used to rapidly analyze foodborne pathogens. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to single‐cell detection in milk. This study provides a rapid method for detection of single viable E coli O157:H7 cells in milk. This method has the potential to provide effective protection against E coli O157:H7 contamination and is required for rapid detection of microorganisms in dairy products.
Comparisons of laboratory results between two blood samplings: Venipuncture versus peripheral venous catheter—A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Jeong Younhee , Park Hanjong , Jung Mi Jung , Kim Min Sun , Byun Seung , Choi Yoonhee 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo compare the results of haematology, blood chemistry and coagulation tests between two blood sampling methods via venipuncture and peripheral venous catheter.BackgroundLaboratory results of the previous studies on blood sampling methods through peripheral venous catheter versus venipuncture are inconsistent. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand the discrepancies between the two blood sampling methods and to provide evidence for practice.DesignSystematic literature review and meta‐analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA reporting guideline.MethodsReviewed articles for this study were searched through database, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and ERIC (Educational Resource Information Centre). Hand‐searching was also conducted.ResultsWe finally identified 17 studies for a systematic review, and 10 studies out of them were selected for a meta‐analysis. A total of 678 participants were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, there was no significant difference in haematology, blood chemistry and coagulation test values between two sampling methods via venipuncture and peripheral venous catheter.ConclusionFindings of this study provide substantial evidence that most blood tests via venipuncture and peripheral venous catheter would not be different. Patients will be benefitted by reducing the number of venipuncture if a series of blood tests can be conducted by using peripheral venous catheter. Thus, healthcare providers may refer to more reliable laboratory results on using peripheral venous catheter for without increasing the risk of bleeding events and pain on blood sampling sites due to frequent phlebotomies.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study will be a good evidence to decide blood sampling methods in clinical practice.
Neuroimaging Findings in Tuberculosis: A Single‐Center Experience in 559 Cases
Authors: Azeemuddin Muhammad , Alvi Amna , Sayani Raza , Khan Misha Khalid , Farooq Salman , Beg M. Asim , Awan Safia , Wasay Mohammad 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThere is a paucity of literature related to the neuroimaging of CNS tuberculosis (TB) and largely covers pediatric CNS TB. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of different forms of CNS TB and its associated complications and to study longitudinal disease course using computed tomography (CT) and MRI.METHODSRetrospective chart and imaging review of patients diagnosed with CNS TB in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan over a 10‐year period. A total of 452 initial brain MRI and 209 CT scans were reviewed by an expert radiologist specialized in neuroimaging. This was followed by review of 53 MRI/52 CT and 7 MRI/14 CT first and second follow‐up scans, respectively.RESULTSNote that 559 patients, 296 males and 263 females were included in the study. On the initial CT scans, tuberculomas were found in 25 (12%), infarction in 54 (25%), basal meningeal enhancement in 29 (14%), and hydrocephalus in 84 (40%). On initial MRI, tuberculomas were found in 182 (40%), infarction in 120 (27%), basal meningeal enhancement in 184 (41%), and hydrocephalus in 116 (26%). On review of follow‐up CT scans, 13 (25%) showed new or worsening hydrocephalus, 8 (15%) showed new infarcts, 1 exhibited new tuberculoma, and 5 showed worsening cerebral edema. On review of follow‐up MRI scans, new or worsening hydrocephalus was seen in 3 (6%), new infarcts in 3 (6%), new tuberculoma in 10 (19%), worsening cerebral edema in 7 (13%), and TB myelitis in 4 (8%) patients.CONCLUSIONSTuberculoma, hydrocephalus, and cerebral infarcts are the most prominent findings in CNS tuberculosis. Our study showed development of new lesions on subsequent neuroimaging suggesting a dynamic and progressive nature of the disease process in some individuals.
Exploring the plastid genome disparity of liverworts
Authors: Yu Ying , Liu Hong‐Mei , Yang Jun‐Bo , Ma Wen‐Zhang , Pressel Silvia , Wu Yu‐Huan , Schneider Harald 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSequencing the plastid genomes of land plants provides crucial improvements to our understanding of the plastome evolution of land plants. Although the number of available complete plastid genome sequences has rapidly increased in the recent years, only a few sequences have been yet released for the three bryophyte lineages, namely hornworts, liverworts, and mosses. Here, we explore the disparity of the plastome structure of liverworts by increasing the number of sequenced liverwort plastomes from five to 18. The expanded sampling included representatives of all major lineages of liverworts including the genus Haplomitrium. The disparity of the liverwort genomes was compared with other 2386 land plant plastomes with emphasis on genome size and GC‐content. We found evidence for structural conservatism of the plastid genomes in liverworts and a trend towards reduced plastome sequence length in liverworts and derived mosses compared to other land plants, including hornworts and basal lineages of mosses. Furthermore, Aneura and Haplomitrium were distinct from other liverworts by an increased GC content, with the one found in Haplomitrium only second to the lycophyte Selaginella. The results suggest the hypothesis that liverworts and other land plants inherited and conserved the plastome structure of their most recent algal ancestors.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of plant diversity and endemism during primary succession on an oceanic‐volcanic island
Authors: Irl Severin D. H. , Schweiger Andreas H. , Hoffmann Samuel , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Hartmann Hanna , Pickel Thomas , Jentsch Anke 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuestionsHow does the diversity of native, endemic and alien plant species, as well as the diversity of plant life forms, change during primary succession on lava flows of an oceanic‐volcanic island? How do environmental factors such as moisture and soil properties alter diversity during primary succession?LocationLa Palma, Canary Islands.MethodsWe recorded vascular plants and bryophytes in 210 plots on a chronosequence of nine lava flows spanning approx. 6,000 years and covering an elevational range of 1,100 m. In a subset (n = 78 plots) we collected and analyzed soil samples for soil nitrogen and plant‐available phosphorus. We used generalized linear models, variance partitioning and structural equation models (SEMs) to analyze the data.ResultsSpecies richness, endemic richness and alien richness increased with time. Natives dominated during early successional stages, whereas endemics and aliens increased with time. At early successional stages, vascular plants and bryophytes had an equal contribution to the species pool, while vascular plants increased up to an 80% contribution at later stages. In the variance partitioning and SEMs, time was the only consistent factor influencing different aspects of diversity during succession (species richness, endemic richness and percent endemism). Only for percent endemism did soil attributes have a substantial impact.ConclusionPrimary succession on lava flows on La Palma shows a pattern of increasing overall diversity, endemism and alien richness with time. Time is the only factor consistently explaining diversity and endemism, indicating that environmental influences such as climate and soil properties do not substantially alter them during primary succession. Our study contributes to understanding how different facets of diversity assemble through time by using an understudied, yet important island system, and, for the first time, specifically addresses how endemics contribute to the process of primary succession.
A complex eIF4E locus impacts the durability of va resistance to Potato virus Y in tobacco
Authors: Michel Vincent , Julio Emilie , Candresse Thierry , Cotucheau Julien , Decorps Christophe , Volpatti Roxane , Moury Benoît , Glais Laurent , Jacquot Emmanuel , de Borne François Dorlhac , Decroocq Véronique , Gallois Jean‐Luc , German-Retana Sylvie 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMany recessive resistances against potyviruses are mediated by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). In tobacco, the va resistance gene commonly used to control Potato virus Y (PVY) corresponds to a large deletion affecting the eIF4E‐1 gene on chromosome 21. Here, we compared the resistance durability conferred by various types of mutations affecting eIF4E‐1 (deletions of various sizes, frameshift or nonsense mutations). The ‘large deletion’ genotypes displayed the broadest and most durable resistance, whereas frameshift and nonsense mutants displayed a less durable resistance, with rapid and frequent apparition of resistance‐breaking variants. In addition, genetic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that resistance durability is strongly impacted by a complex genetic locus on chromosome 14, which contains three other eIF4E genes. One of these, eIF4E‐3, is rearranged as a hybrid gene between eIF4E‐2 and eIF4E‐3 (eIF4E‐2‐3) in the genotypes showing the most durable resistance, while eIF4E‐2 is differentially expressed between the tested varieties. RNA‐seq and quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction experiments demonstrated that eIF4E‐2 expression level is positively correlated with resistance durability. These results suggest that besides the nature of the mutation affecting eIF4E‐1, three factors linked with a complex locus may potentially impact va durability: loss of an integral eIF4E‐3, presence of eIF4E‐2‐3 and overexpression of eIF4E‐2. This latter gene might act as a decoy in a non‐productive virus–plant interaction, limiting the ability of PVY to evolve towards resistance breaking. Taken together, these results show that va resistance durability can in large part be explained by complex redundancy effects in the eIF4E gene family.
Autonomically mediated anti‐inflammatory effects of electrical stimulation at acupoints in a rodent model of colonic inflammation
Authors: Jin Haifeng , Guo Jie , Liu Jiemin , Lyu Bin , Foreman Robert D. , Shi Zhaohong , Yin Jieyun , Chen Jiande D. Z. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcupuncture has been widely accepted for treatments of many diseases. This study was performed to determine effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) by chronically implanted electrodes at acupoint ST36 on colonic inflammation induced by TNBS in rats.MethodsAfter intrarectal administration of TNBS, the rats were treated with sham‐EA, EA1/EA2 (two sets of parameters) for 3 weeks. Disease activity index (DAI), macroscopic and microscopic lesions, plasma levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 were observed as evaluation of inflammatory responses. The autonomic function was assessed by analysis of the heart rate variability.Results(a) Vagal activity was significantly increased with both acute and chronic EA1/EA2; (b) DAI was significantly decreased with both chronic EA1 and EA2, and EA2 was more potent than EA1 (P < 0.05); (c) The macroscopic score was 6.4 ± 0.6 with sham‐EA and reduced to 4.9 ± 0.1 with EA1 (P < 0.05) and 4.0 ± 0.2 with EA2 (all P < 0.05). The histological score was 4.05 ± 0.58 with sham‐EA and remained unchanged (3.71 ± 0.28) with EA1 (P > 0.05) but reduced to 3.0 ± 0.3 with EA2 (P < 0.01); (d) The plasma levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 were significantly decreased with EA2.ConclusionsElectrical stimulation at ST36 improves colonic inflammation in TNBS‐treated rats by inhibiting pro‐inflammatory cytokines via the autonomic mechanism.
Space and time in models of speech rhythm
Authors: Tilsen Sam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHow do rhythmic patterns in speech arise? There are many representational frameworks for describing rhythmic patterns, but none of these directly connect representations to articulatory processes, which have physical manifestations in the acoustic signal. Here, a new model of speech rhythm is presented, one in which rhythmic patterns arise from spatial mechanisms that govern the organization of articulatory gestures. The roles of time and space in symbolic representations of the metrical structure are analyzed, and conventional understandings of stress and accent are called into question. One aspect of rhythmic patterns, in particular—the directionality of accentual patterns—is examined closely. A novel dynamical model is developed, which proposes a reinterpretation of directionality and other temporal phenomena in speech.