bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchoscopic and histologic findings during lymphatic intervention for plastic bronchitis
Authors: Geanacopoulos Alexandra T. , Savla Jill J. , Pogoriler Jennifer , Piccione Joseph , Phinizy Pelton , DeWitt Aaron G. , Blinder Joshua J. , Pinto Erin , Itkin Maxim , Dori Yoav , Goldfarb Samuel B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous lymphatic intervention (PCL) is a promising new therapy for plastic bronchitis (PB). We characterized bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and cast morphology in surgically repaired congenital heart disease (CHD) patients with PB during PCL. We quantified respiratory and bronchoscopic characteristics and correlated them with post‐intervention respiratory outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with PB and surgically repaired CHD undergoing PCL and bronchoscopy at our institution. Pre‐intervention characteristics, bronchoscopy notes, BAL cell counts, virology, and cultures were collected. A pathologist blinded to clinical data reviewed cast specimens. Respiratory outcomes were evaluated through standardized telephone questionnaire.ResultsSixty‐two patients were included with a median follow‐up of 20 months. No patients experienced airway bleeding, obstruction, or prolonged intubation related to bronchoscopy. Of BAL infectious studies, the positive results were 4 (8%) fungal, 6 (11%) bacterial, and 6 (14%) viral. Median BAL count per 100 cells for neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were 13, 10, and 0, respectively. Of 23 bronchial casts analyzed, all contained lymphocytes, and 19 (83%) were proteinaceous, with 14 containing neutrophils and/or eosinophils. Median BAL neutrophil count was greater in patients with proteinaceous neutrophilic or eosinophilic casts compared to casts without neutrophils or lymphocytes (P = 0.030). Post‐intervention, there was a significant reduction in respiratory medications and support and casting frequency.ConclusionsThe predominance of neutrophilic proteinaceous casts and high percentage of positive BAL infectious studies support short‐term fibrinolytic and anti‐infective therapies in PB in select patients. Flexible bronchoscopy enables safe assessment of cast burden. PCL effectively treats PB and reduces respiratory therapies.
A Pivotal Biaryl Rotamer Bearing Two Floppy Pyrenes that Exhibits Cryptochiral Characteristics in the Ground State
Authors: Hara Nobuyuki , Yanai Masaki , Kaji Daiki , Shizuma Motohiro , Tajima Nobuo , Fujiki Michiya , Imai Yoshitane 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOptically active luminophores capable of emitting circularly polarized light (CPL) are keys in many photonic communication systems. Herein, we report a new cryptochiral CPL‐functioned molecular system composed of a C2‐symmetric 5,5’,6,6’,7,7’,8,8’‐octahydro‐1,1’‐bi‐2‐naphthyl rotamer bearing two flexible linkers attached to two pyrene rings as emitters. Despite exhibiting negligibly weak circular‐dichroism (CD) signals in the ground state, the luminophore displayed a clear CPL signal in the photoexcited state.
Temperature Difference Triggering Controlled Growth of All‐Inorganic Perovskite Nanowire Arrays in Air
Authors: Wang Yaguang , Yasar Muhammad , Luo Ziyi , Zhou Shasha , Yu Yiwei , Li Huiqiao , Yang Rui , Wang Xiaoxia , Pan Anlian , Gan Lin , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAll‐inorganic perovskites have attracted increasing worldwide interest due to its significantly improved stability in atmospheric environment compared to organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, which renders it infinitely applicable in many fields such as electronics, optoelectronics, and energy storage. However, all‐inorganic perovskites have to confront the challenges from fabrication before their wide utilization in the aforementioned applications. Liquid‐phase synthesis holds the advantage of mass production and easy modulation of composition but with the deficiencies of relatively low crystallinity and disordered products. Interestingly, gas‐phase growth has complementary characteristics compared to the liquid‐phase method. In this work, it is proposed that a novel temperature difference triggers growth strategy to integrate the merits of the liquid‐ and gas‐phase methods, and the feasibility of this strategy via a simple lab‐use hot plate is demonstrated. High quality all‐inorganic perovskites, cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) nanowire arrays, can be epitaxially grown as in a gas‐phase method, but at the same time, the composition of products can be easily modulated by predesigning the recipe of precursors as in the liquid‐phase method on a large scale. Notably, the as‐fabricated CsPbX3 perovskite nanowire arrays demonstrate excellent stability and good optoelectronic properties in air. It is believed that this novel strategy can strikingly prompt the development of perovskites fabrication and applications in future.
Optimum design of post‐tensioned axially symmetric cylindrical walls using novel hybrid metaheuristic methods
Authors: Bekdaş Gebrail 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAn efficient methodology for various structural design problems is needed to optimize the total cost for structures. Although some methods seem to be efficient for applications, due to using special algorithm parameters, computational cost, and some other reasons, there is still much to be done in order to develop an effective method for general design applications. This paper describes the influence of the selected procedure on the design of cost‐optimized, post‐tensioned axially symmetric cylindrical reinforced concrete walls. In this study, the optimum design of axially symmetric cylindrical walls using several metaheuristic algorithms is investigated. The new generation algorithms used in the study are flower pollination algorithm, teaching–learning‐based optimization, and Jaya algorithm (JA). These algorithms are also compared with one of the previously developed algorithm called harmony search. The numerical examples were done for walls with 4‐ to 10‐m height and for 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 post‐tensioned load cases, respectively. Several independent runs are conducted, and in some of these runs, JA may trap to a local solution. To overcome this situation, hybrid algorithms such as JA using Lévy flights, JA using Lévy flights with probabilistic student phase (JALS), JA using Lévy Flights with consequent student phase (JALS2), and JA with probabilistic student phase are developed. It is seen that in many respects, the JALS2 and JALS are the most effective within the proposed hybrid approaches.
Short note: Method of dimensionality reduction for compressible viscoelastic media. ii. Frictionless normal contact for arbitrary shear and bulk rheologies
Authors: Willert E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe application of the Method of Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) to frictionless normal contacts of compressible linear‐viscoelastic materials is presented. The mapping rules within the framework of MDR are given, strictly proven and illustrated by examples.
EU citizenship: Still a Fundamental Status?
Authors: Shaw Jo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis essay is intended to explore the trajectory of EU citizenship, under pressure from forces inside and outside the EU. The focus of the discussion is on three issues: the autonomy of national citizenship laws in the face of EU citizenship; the citizenship consequences of Brexit; and the choices made and actions taken by individuals and groups that may impact upon the future of EU citizenship. This discussion is prefaced by an initial exploration of the challenges and complexities of EU citizenship and of the relationship between citizenship and concepts of integration and Europeanisation.
Five Pragmatic Reasons for a Dialogue with and Between Member States on Free Movement and Voting Rights
Authors: Groenendijk Kees 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn my opinion legislation on political rights of non-citizens immigrants should be guided by three principles: (a) no taxation without representation, (b) the longer an immigrant is resident in a country, the harder it is to justify his exclusion from political rights only on the basis of his nationality, and (c) once voting rights have been granted to non-citizens for municipal elections there are no serious principled arguments against extension to parliamentary elections. The second principle qualifies the first principle. Tourists and seasonal workers pay VAT, but that does not necessarily qualify them for voting rights. They should, however, have at least some other political rights, such as the right to demonstrate or the right to strike.
A More Comprehensive Reform Is Needed to Ensure That Mobile Citizens Can Vote
Authors: Collard Sue 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis contribution raises questions of how to enfranchise EU citizens who are highly mobile between Member States and those who reside in third countries. It also points out that voting rights have a low mobilising value and few third country nationals participate in local elections where they are enfranchised. I propose a more permissive legal framework within which EU citizens should be allowed to choose, depending on their circumstances, whether to vote in their country of residence or of nationality.
UK Citizens as Former EU Citizens: Predicament and Remedies
Authors: Ziegler Reuven 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis contribution, like those immediately preceding it, is written in the aftermath of the 23rd June 2016 referendum on the UK continued membership of the EU. It first considers, by comparison, ramifications of Britain’s impending exit, should it occur, on the status and rights of EU27 citizens resident in the UK. It proceeds to discuss the impact of Brexit on UK citizens resident in the EU27, highlighting their predicament and appraising three potential remedies: naturalisation in another EU member state, decoupling of Union citizenship rights from Union citizenship, and modifications of the status and rights of Third Country Nationals.
EU Citizenship Needs a Stronger Social Dimension and Soft Duties
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis contribution argues for strengthening EU citizenship in order to make it not only attractive for mobile Europeans but also for ‘stayers’ who feel left behind in processes of globalisation and European integration. EU citizenship is primarily ‘isopolitical’ and regulatory; it confers horizontal rights to people to enter the citizenship spaces of other member states and it imposes duties of non-discrimination on these states without providing for redistribution in response to perceived or real burdens resulting from free movement. I suggest several reforms that aim broadly at empowering the stayers. Among my proposals are an ‘EU social card’, universal transferrable vouchers for accessing social rights in other member states that stayers can pass on to their children who want to move, and a European wide social insurance scheme that would supplement those of the member states. I also suggest to strengthen EU citizenship with some soft duties, such as earmarking a small percentage of personal income tax for EU social policies or raising funds for such policies through fees on an EU social card or EU passports.
Building Social Europe Requires Challenging the Judicialisation of Citizenship
Authors: Schmidt Susanne K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhich rights should European citizenship entail to protect the achievements of European integration, while overcoming its pitfalls? Should we aim to ‘add stuff’, as Ferrera suggests, or rather follow Joppke’s plea for non-exclusive citizenship rights? I agree with Ferrera’s diagnosis that EU citizenship has an isopolitical bias, it horizontally opens nationally shaped (and financed) welfare systems to citizens from other member states. However, in his ‘detecting of the flaws’ he overlooks the largely judicial genesis of citizenship rights, which are crucial for understanding the shortcomings of EU citizenship.
Why Adding Duties to European Citizenship Is Likely to Increase the Gap Between Europhiles and Eurosceptics
Authors: Kuhn Theresa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMaurizio Ferrera’s policy proposals primarily address those Europeans who are already European-minded and self-select into transnational interactions and European engagement. I suggest addressing the Eurosceptics. On the one hand, if intra-European mobility fosters European identity, then we should provide incentives for stayers to overcome their reservations and move around rather than giving them a premium for staying at home. On the other hand, given the widening gap between mobile and immobile Europeans, the answer to Euroscepticism might not lie in promoting more mobility across European member states but in addressing the increasing socio-economic divided and opening up the resulting ‘echo chambers’ within countries. By trying to engage in a dialogue with Eurosceptic co-nationals Europhiles might be able to find better answers than by repeating the Europhile mantra.
Why the Crisis of European Citizenship is a Crisis of European Democracy
Authors: Seubert Sandra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEuropean citizens are not yet members of a solidly political Union; they are still primarily members within a Union of states, where national interests are played off against each other. There is a fatal misframing of social conflicts along national rather than social cleavages. How can this misframing be broken up? A politicization of European issues is needed. In the long run, the future of EU citizenship will depend on how a multilayered governance system, such as the EU, will be able to balance the different levels of political participation, thereby accommodating principles of political equality, public control and influence on political decisions.
Citizenship for Real: Its Hypocrisy, Its Randomness, Its Price
Authors: Kochenov Dimitry 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLawyers and political scientists opposed to the idea of selling citizenship will not have any arguments to support their position, should rich misleading assumptions and selfless rhetorical pirouettes – priceless in fiction writing – useless in legal studies – be removed from their often passionate advocacy. I review the usual rotations lending such pirouettes appeal: of the intrinsic value of citizenship, of equality and nondiscrimination, of the arch-importance of the citizenship’s political components and, finally, of EU law concerns. I come to dismiss them all.
Linking Citizenship to Income Undermines European Values. We Need Shared Criteria and Guidelines for Access to EU Citizenship
Authors: Swoboda Hannes 
Published: September 2018

Abstract The decision by the Maltese Parliament to offer Maltese citizenship – and consequently – EU citizenship to third country nationals who can afford to pay € 650.000 comes as a closure of the EU year of citizens and reflects a worrying trend in the conception of all those rights related to EU citizenship, including above all freedom of movement. If we don’t want to leave a golden opportunity to Eurosceptics, nationalists and populists, we must seize the chance for a leap forward in the European process involving a much wider concept of citizenship than that defined in the letter of the EU Treaties.
Ius Filiationis: A defence of Citizenship by Descent
Authors: Bauböck Rainer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCostica Dumbrava runs three main attacks against ius sanguinis: It is tainted by its associations with ethnonationalism; it is inadequate because, in an age of new reproduction technologies, same sex marriage and patchwork families, biological descent no longer traces social parenthood; and it is unnecessary, since its protective effects can be achieved by other means. I will accept the first and second argument with some modifications, but reject the third.
Family Matters: Modernise, Don’t Abandon, Ius Sanguinis
Authors: Titshaw Scott 
Published: September 2018

AbstractI appreciate the ideas that Costica Dumbrava and others have introduced into this debate. States’ concerns about the quality and political consequences of their citizenship are important. But citizenship is a two-way street. Our discussion of ius sanguinis laws should extend beyond the concerns of states to also consider the serious practical consequences of citizenship laws on citizens, including the long-term unity and security of their families. Families facing instability or separation because children are denied their parents’ citizenship are unlikely to be satisfied with the explanation that ius sanguinis is inadequate or historically tainted; the resulting individual sense of injustice might even discourage the loyalty and identification states seek in citizens.
Dangerous Liaisons: Money and Citizenship
Authors: Shachar Ayelet 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVogue predictions that citizenship is diminishing in relevance or perhaps even vanishing outright, popular among jetsetters who already possess full membership status in affluent democracies, have failed to reach many applicants still knocking on the doors of well-off polities. One can excuse the world’s destitute, those who are willing to risk their lives in search of the promised lands of migration in Europe or America, for not yet having heard the prophecies about citizenship’s decline. But the same is not true for the well-heeled who are increasingly active in the market for citizenship: the ultra-rich from the rest of the world. They are willing to dish out hundreds of thousands of dollars to gain a freshly-minted passport in their new ‘home country.’ That this demand exists is not fully surprising given that this is a world of regulated mobility and unequal opportunity, and a world where not all passports are treated equally at border crossings. Rapid processes of market expansionism have now reached what for many is the most sacrosanct non-market good: membership in a political community. More puzzling is the willingness of governments – our public trustees and legal guardians of citizenship – to engage in processes that come very close to, and in some cases cannot be described as anything but, the sale and barter of membership goods in exchange for a hefty bank wire transfer or large stack of cash.
The Prior Question: What Do We Need State Citizenship for?
Authors: Owen David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn his kick-off contribution, Costica Dumbrava offers a threefold critique of ius sanguinis as a norm of citizenship acquisition. I share the scepticism expressed by various contributors to this Forum. However rather than address Dumbrava’s critique head on, I suggest that the kind of critique of ius sanguinis that he offers gets things moving askew from the start. When asking what citizenship rules we ought to endorse or reject, we ought to begin with a prior question: ‘what do we need state citizenship rules for?’
No More Blood
Authors: Abrams Kerry 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProblems have plagued the ius sanguinis principle – the transmission of citizenship from parent to child – for as long as it has existed. Costica Dumbrava is surely correct that the time has come to ask whether ius sanguinis is still necessary. But the core problem with ius sanguinis, I would argue, is not that it uses the parent-child relationship to determine membership but that it overemphasizes the importance of the genetic tie to this relationship.
Law by Blood or Blood by Law?
Authors: de Groot David Armand Jacques Gérard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractI agree to certain extent with Costica Dumbrava that ius sanguinis encompasses certain problematic issues, especially where it concerns newer forms of procreation, like IVF for lesbian couples and surrogacy. However, the origin of the problem cannot be attributed to ius sanguinis, but to non-solidarity of states that overuse the ordre public exemption for the denial of the recognition of parentage. Ius sanguinis is still the most suitable option for the main purposes of nationality law where it concerns children. I like Bauböck’s proposal of a ius filiationis. I see it, however, more as a change from ‘law by blood’, meaning parentage ties based on blood relationship, to a ‘blood by law’ relationship, meaning that parentage ties are seen to be established by the law. This thus means only an extension of the ‘blood’ definition.
Distributing Some, but Not All, Rights of Citizenship According to Ius Sanguinis
Authors: Tanasoca Ana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractI overall agree with Dumbrava’s argument that ius sanguinis is unable to cope with the diversification of family structures and is not that morally appealing to begin with, I disagree with him on the details, especially with his background assumption that family ties (although not exclusively genetic, as it is presently the case) must play a salient role in the distribution of citizenship – although in the second part of this contribution I do offer a potential defence of his view against what is probably the strongest objection to his argument, which is that the abolishment of ius sanguinis would split families apart. The main question is: Why should we insist on ius sanguinis except because it would ensure that everyone’s human right to citizenship is satisfied? And insofar as statelessness can be equally avoided via ius soli, why should blood ties create an entitlement to citizenship?
Terrorist Expatriation: All Show, No Bite, No Future
Authors: Spiro Peter J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExpatriation measures adopted by a handful of countries are ill-advised and possibly unlawful. Denationalisation of terror suspects clearly merits the attention of scholars and activists; after decades of disuse, states are now stepping back into the practice of forced expatriation. But denationalisation is increasingly anachronistic and toothless in the face of diminished conceptions of citizenship as an institution and changed locations of allegiance. The expatriation measures are empty gestures, a kind of counter-terror bravado to make up for the deficiency of more important material responses.
Should Those Who Attack the Nation Have an Absolute Right to Remain Its Citizens?
Authors: Schuck Peter H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMacklin is certainly right to worry about the possible abuses of denationalisation. But a liberal constitutional regime can control such abuses by scrupulously controlling the state’s exercise of this power through a variety of familiar institutions and practices. These include a careful definition and exacting limitation of the grounds for revocation; demanding procedural and evidentiary requirements before such a power can be exercised; a right to legal counsel; and an independent judiciary accustomed to challenging state power in the name of protecting individual rights. We have entrusted our precious liberties to the faithful working through of these institutions and practices. Some of these liberties are even more precious than our right to retain our citizenship when we have knowingly acted in horrendous ways that make it justifiable, under the safeguards I describe, for the state to declare that status forfeited.
Whose Bad Guys Are Terrorists?
Authors: Bauböck Rainer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDenationalising terrorists is neither a necesssary nor an effective tool in fighting terrorism. It is instead a symbolic gesture that aims to affirm the basic values of a liberal constitution and an attempt to divert terrorist threats by inflicting them on other states. I argue that stripping terrorist suspects of their citizenship cannot be justified on either of these grounds.