bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Web-based decision aid tool for disclosure of a mental health condition in the workplace: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stratton Elizabeth , Choi Isabella , calvo Rafael , Hickie Ian , Henderson Claire , Harvey Samuel B , Glozier Nicholas 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesMaking decisions about disclosing a mental illness in the workplace is complicated. Decision aid tools are designed to help an individual make a specific choice. We developed a web-based decision aid to help inform decisions about disclosure for employees. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of this tool.MethodWe conducted a randomised controlled trial with recruitment, randomisation and data collection all online. Participants had access to the intervention for 2 weeks. Assessments occurred at baseline, postintervention and 6 weeks’ follow-up. The primary outcome was decisional conflict. Secondary outcomes were stage and satisfaction of decision-making and mental health symptoms.Results107 adult employees were randomised to READY (n=53) or the control (n=54). The sample was predominantly female (83.2%). Participants using READY showed greater reduction in decisional conflict at postintervention (F(1,104)=16.8, p<0.001) (d=0.49, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9) and follow-up (F(1,104)=23.6, p<0.001) (d=0.61, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.9). At postintervention the READY group were at a later stage of decision-making (F(1,104)=6.9, p=0.010) which was sustained, and showed a greater reduction in depressive symptoms (F(1,104)=6.5, p=0.013). Twenty-eight per cent of READY users disclosed, and reported a greater improvement in mental health than those who did not disclose.ConclusionsREADY provides a confidential, flexible and effective tool to enhance employee’s decision-making about disclosure. Its use led to a comparative improvement in depressive symptoms compared with the current information provided by a leading mental health non-governmental organisation, without apparent harm. READY seems worth evaluating in other settings and, if these results are replicated, scaling for wider use.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000229279.
Long‐term outcome following management of canine humeral intracondylar fissure using a medial approach and a cannulated drill system
Authors: McCarthy Jessica , Woods Samantha , Mosley John R 
Published: August 2019

This study evaluated the feasibility, complications and long‐term outcomes of using a cannulated drill system combined with intraoperative imaging to place a transcondylar screw for the management of canine humeral intracondylar fissure. Thirteen dogs were enrolled, with one dog undergoing staged bilateral surgery. No intraoperative complications occurred. Five minor (36%) and three major (21%) postoperative complications occurred, giving an overall complication rate of 57%. None of the screws placed penetrated the articular surface. The mean duration of surgery was 28 min (SD ±3.5) for dogs that developed a major complication versus 46 min (SD ±18.1) for those that did not (p=0.015). The duration of preoperative lameness was significantly shorter for cases which suffered a major complication (2 days; SD ±2.8) than those that did not (34 days; SD ±31.7, p=0.008). None of the variables assessed were significantly associated with minor complications. Median time from surgery to last follow‐up was 5.8 years (range 3.5–8.5 years). Median Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs questionnaire score at the final point of follow‐up was 16 (range 7–27). A significant number of patients were found to require analgesia at long‐term follow‐up.
Visual epidural field potentials possess high functional specificity in single trials
Authors: Fischer Benjamin , Schander Andreas , Kreiter Andreas K. , Lang Walter , Wegener Detlef 
Published: August 2019

Recordings of epidural field potentials (EFPs) allow neuronal activity to be acquired over a large region of cortical tissue with minimal invasiveness. Because electrodes are placed on top of the dura and do not enter the neuronal tissue, EFPs offer intriguing options for both clinical and basic science research. On the other hand, EFPs represent the integrated activity of larger neuronal populations and possess a higher trial-by-trial variability and a reduced signal-to-noise ratio due the additional barrier of the dura. It is thus unclear whether and to what extent EFPs have sufficient spatial selectivity to allow for conclusions about the underlying functional cortical architecture, and whether single EFP trials provide enough information on the short timescales relevant for many clinical and basic neuroscience purposes. We used the high spatial resolution of primary visual cortex to address these issues and investigated the extent to which very short EFP traces allow reliable decoding of spatial information. We briefly presented different visual objects at one of nine closely adjacent locations and recorded neuronal activity with a high-density epidural multielectrode array in three macaque monkeys. With the use of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to identify the most informative data, machine-learning algorithms provided close-to-perfect classification rates for all 27 stimulus conditions. A binary classifier applying a simple max function on ROC-selected data further showed that single trials might be classified with 100% performance even without advanced offline classifiers. Thus, although highly variable, EFPs constitute an extremely valuable source of information and offer new perspectives for minimally invasive recording of large-scale networks.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Epidural field potential (EFP) recordings provide a minimally invasive approach to investigate large-scale neural networks, but little is known about whether they possess the required specificity for basic and clinical neuroscience. By making use of the spatial selectivity of primary visual cortex, we show that single-trial information can be decoded with close-to-perfect performance, even without using advanced classifiers and based on very few data. This labels EFPs as a highly attractive and widely usable signal.
Dynamic Chromatin Targeting of BRD4 Stimulates Cardiac Fibroblast Activation
Authors: Stratton Matthew S. , Bagchi Rushita A. , Felisbino Marina B. , Hirsch Rachel A. , Smith Harrison E. , Riching Andrew S. , Enyart Blake Y. , Koch Keith A. , Cavasin Maria A. , Alexanian Michael , Song Kunhua , Qi Jun , Lemieux Madeleine E. , Srivastava Deepak , Lam Maggie P.Y. , Haldar Saptarsi M. , Lin Charles Y. , McKinsey Timothy A. 
Published: August 2019

Rationale:
Small molecule inhibitors of the acetyl-histone binding protein BRD4 have been shown to block cardiac fibrosis in preclinical models of heart failure (HF). However, since the inhibitors target BRD4 ubiquitously, it is unclear whether this chromatin reader protein functions in cell type-specific manner to control pathological myocardial fibrosis. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms by which BRD4 stimulates the transcriptional program for cardiac fibrosis remain unknown.

Objective:
We sought to test the hypothesis that BRD4 functions in a cell-autonomous and signal-responsive manner to control activation of cardiac fibroblasts, which are the major extracellular matrix-producing cells of the heart.

Methods and Results:

RNA-sequencing, mass spectrometry, and cell-based assays employing primary adult rat ventricular fibroblasts demonstrated that BRD4 functions as an effector of TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling to stimulate conversion of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts into
Periostin
(
Postn
)-positive cells that express high levels of extracellular matrix. These findings were confirmed in vivo through whole-transcriptome analysis of cardiac fibroblasts from mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction and treated with the small molecule BRD4 inhibitor, JQ1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing revealed that BRD4 undergoes stimulus-dependent, genome-wide redistribution in cardiac fibroblasts, becoming enriched on a subset of enhancers and super-enhancers, and leading to RNA polymerase II activation and expression of downstream target genes. Employing the
Sertad4
(SERTA domain-containing protein 4) locus as a prototype, we demonstrate that dynamic chromatin targeting of BRD4 is controlled, in part, by p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and provide evidence of a critical function for
Sertad4
in TGF-β-mediated cardiac fibroblast activation.

Conclusions:

These findings define BRD4 as a central regulator of the pro-fibrotic cardiac fibroblast phenotype, establish a p38-dependent signaling circuit for epigenetic reprogramming in heart failure, and uncover a novel role for
Sertad4
. The work provides a mechanistic foundation for the development of BRD4 inhibitors as targeted anti-fibrotic therapies for the heart.
Diastolic Pulmonary Gradient as a Predictor of Right Ventricular Failure After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Alnsasra Hilmi , Asleh Rabea , Schettle Sarah D. , Pereira Naveen L. , Frantz Robert P. , Edwards Brooks S. , Clavell Alfredo L. , Maltais Simon , Daly Richard C. , Stulak John M. , Rosenbaum Andrew N. , Behfar Atta , Kushwaha Sudhir S. 
Published: August 2019

Background

Diastolic pulmonary gradient (
DPG
) was proposed as a better marker of pulmonary vascular remodeling compared with pulmonary vascular resistance (
PVR
) and transpulmonary gradient (
TPG
). The prognostic significance of
DPG
in patients requiring a left ventricular assist device (
LVAD
) remains unclear. We sought to investigate whether pre‐
LVAD DPG
is a predictor of survival or right ventricular (
RV
) failure post‐
LVAD
.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively reviewed 268 patients who underwent right heart catheterization before
LVAD
implantation from 2007 to 2017 and had pulmonary hypertension because of left heart disease. Patients were dichotomized using
DPG
≥7 mm Hg,
PVR
≥3 mm Hg, or
TPG
≥12 mm Hg. The associations between these parameters and all‐cause mortality or
RV
failure post
LVAD
were assessed with Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses. After a mean follow‐up time of 35 months, elevated
DPG
was associated with increased risk of
RV
failure (hazard ratio [
HR
]: 3.30;
P
=0.004, for
DPG
≥7 versus
DPG
<7), whereas elevated
PVR
(
HR
1.85,
P
=0.13 for
PVR
≥3 versus
PVR
<3) or
TPG
(
HR
1.47,
P
=0.35, for
TPG
≥12 versus
TPG
<12) were not associated with the development of
RV
failure. Elevated
DPG
was not associated with mortality risk (
HR
1.16,
P
=0.54, for
DPG
≥7 versus
DPG
<7), whereas elevated
PVR
, but not
TPG
, was associated with higher mortality risk (
HR
1.55;
P
=0.026, for
PVR
≥3 versus
PVR
<3).

Conclusions

Among patients with pulmonary hypertension because of left heart disease requiring
LVAD
support, elevated
DPG
was associated with
RV
failure but not survival, while elevated
PVR
predicted mortality post
LVAD
implantation.
Natural History of Cardiomyopathy in Adult Dogs With Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Guo Lee‐Jae , Soslow Jonathan H. , Bettis Amanda K. , Nghiem Peter P. , Cummings Kevin J. , Lenox Mark W. , Miller Matthew W. , Kornegay Joe N. , Spurney Christopher F. 
Published: August 2019

Background

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (
DMD
) is an X‐linked disease that causes progressive muscle weakness. Affected boys typically die from respiratory or cardiac failure. Golden retriever muscular dystrophy (
GRMD
) is genetically homologous with
DMD
and causes analogous skeletal and cardiac muscle disease. Previous studies have detailed features of
GRMD
cardiomyopathy in mostly young dogs. Cardiac disease is not well characterized in adult
GRMD
dogs, and cardiac magnetic resonance (
CMR
) imaging studies have not been completed.

Methods and Results

We evaluated echocardiography and
CMR
in 24 adult
GRMD
dogs at different ages. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions, wall thickness, and myocardial strain were assessed with echocardiography. Features evaluated with
CMR
included left ventricular function, chamber size, myocardial mass, and late gadolinium enhancement. Our results largely paralleled those of
DMD
cardiomyopathy. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening correlated well with age, with systolic dysfunction occurring at ≈30 to 45 months. Circumferential strain was more sensitive than ejection fraction in early disease detection. Evidence of left ventricular chamber dilatation provided proof of dilated cardiomyopathy. Late gadolinium enhancement imaging showed
DMD
‐like left ventricular lateral wall lesions and earlier involvement of the anterior septum. Multiple functional indexes were graded objectively and added, with and without late gadolinium enhancement, to give cardiac and cardiomyopathy scores of disease severity. Consistent with
DMD
, there was parallel skeletal muscle involvement, as tibiotarsal joint flexion torque declined in tandem with cardiac function.

Conclusions

This study established parallels of progressive cardiomyopathy between dystrophic dogs and boys, further validating
GRMD
as a model of
DMD
cardiac disease.
Association Between Cardiovascular Risk and Perceived Fatigability in Mid‐to‐Late Life
Authors: Qiao Yujia , Martinez‐Amezcua Pablo , Wanigatunga Amal A. , Urbanek Jacek K. , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Ferrucci Luigi , Schrack Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2019

Background

Cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) and fatigue commonly co‐occur in older adults, yet the subjective nature of fatigue and its situational dependence leave the true magnitude of this association undefined.

Methods and Results

Six‐hundred and twenty‐five participants with no history of
CVD
(aged 68.1+12.0 years), from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who underwent ≥2 clinic visits between 2007 and 2015 were classified according to sex‐specific predicted 10‐year
CVD
risk scores using the Framingham
CVD
risk score (Framingham) and the Pooled Cohort Equation at baseline. Perceived fatigability was assessed using the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale after a 5‐minute treadmill walk (0.67 m/s, 0% grade). Linear models were used to assess the association between baseline
CVD
risk and perceived fatigability an average of 4.5 years later, adjusted for demographics, behaviors, and medical history. In final models, a 5% higher baseline Pooled Cohort Equation score was associated with greater perceived fatigability at follow‐up (β=0.13 rating of perceived exertion,
P
=0.008). Stratified analyses suggested this association was stronger among those aged ≤70 years and those with obesity. Of the individual
CVD
risk score components, older age was most strongly associated with perceived fatigability (β=0.48,
P
<0.001), followed by women (β=0.11,
P
=0.002), and treated hypertension (β=0.11,
P
=0.003). There was no association with the Framingham risk score.

Conclusions

Perceived fatigability was higher among participants with greater
CVD
risk measured using the Pooled Cohort Equation risk score. The strong associations with hypertension and obesity suggest prevention and promotion of cardiovascular health may also lower perceived fatigability, particularly among those aged ≤70 years or living with obesity.
Liberation and Retribution: War Crimes and Collaboration in Smolensk Oblast
Authors: Gray Travis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The first Red Army soldiers who liberated Smolensk in September, 1943 entered a broken world. The ruined city stood empty and the countryside resembled a vast wasteland. Amidst the destruction, Party officials began picking up the pieces and rebuilding Soviet power in the region. The main concern of this study is to understand how this process unfolded by examining reports of local war crime and treason investigations carried out by the Extraordinary State Commission of Smolensk Oblast (Chrezvychainaia gosudarstvennaia komissiia, ChGK). These yet untapped archival materials show that while Soviet investigative and punitive practices affirmed the state’s renewed political authority in Smolensk, their efforts were often constrained by the regime’s postwar reconstruction goals.
Hydrological Forecasts and Projections for Improved Decision-Making in the Water Sector in Europe
Authors: Samaniego Luis , Thober Stephan , Wanders Niko , Pan Ming , Rakovec Oldrich , Sheffield Justin , Wood Eric F. , Prudhomme Christel , Rees Gwyn , Houghton-Carr Helen , Fry Matthew , Smith Katie , Watts Glenn , Hisdal Hege , Estrela Teodoro , Buontempo Carlo , Marx Andreas , Kumar Rohini 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSimulations of water fluxes at high spatial resolution that consistently cover historical observations, seasonal forecasts, and future climate projections are key to providing climate services aimed at supporting operational and strategic planning, and developing mitigation and adaptation policies. The End-to-end Demonstrator for improved decision-making in the water sector in Europe (EDgE) is a proof-of-concept project funded by the Copernicus Climate Change Service program that addresses these requirements by combining a multimodel ensemble of state-of-the-art climate model outputs and hydrological models to deliver sectoral climate impact indicators (SCIIs) codesigned with private and public water sector stakeholders from three contrasting European countries. The final product of EDgE is a water-oriented information system implemented through a web application. Here, we present the underlying structure of the EDgE modeling chain, which is composed of four phases: 1) climate data processing, 2) hydrological modeling, 3) stakeholder codesign and SCII estimation, and 4) uncertainty and skill assessments. Daily temperature and precipitation from observational datasets, four climate models for seasonal forecasts, and five climate models under two emission scenarios are consistently downscaled to 5-km spatial resolution to ensure locally relevant simulations based on four hydrological models. The consistency of the hydrological models is guaranteed by using identical input data for land surface parameterizations. The multimodel outputs are composed of 65 years of historical observations, a 19-yr ensemble of seasonal hindcasts, and a century-long ensemble of climate impact projections. These unique, high-resolution hydroclimatic simulations and SCIIs provide an unprecedented information system for decision-making over Europe and can serve as a template for water-related climate services in other regions.
The North Pacific Pacemaker Effect on Historical ENSO and Its Mechanisms
Authors: Amaya Dillon J. , Kosaka Yu , Zhou Wenyu , Zhang Yu , Xie Shang-Ping , Miller Arthur J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Studies have indicated that North Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability can significantly modulate El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but there has been little effort to put extratropical–tropical interactions into the context of historical events. To quantify the role of the North Pacific in pacing the timing and magnitude of observed ENSO, we use a fully coupled climate model to produce an ensemble of North Pacific Ocean–Global Atmosphere (nPOGA) SST pacemaker simulations. In nPOGA, SST anomalies are restored back to observations in the North Pacific (&gt;15°N) but are free to evolve throughout the rest of the globe. We find that the North Pacific SST has significantly influenced observed ENSO variability, accounting for approximately 15% of the total variance in boreal fall and winter. The connection between the North and tropical Pacific arises from two physical pathways: 1) a wind–evaporation–SST (WES) propagating mechanism, and 2) a Gill-like atmospheric response associated with anomalous deep convection in boreal summer and fall, which we refer to as the summer deep convection (SDC) response. The SDC response accounts for 25% of the observed zonal wind variability around the equatorial date line. On an event-by-event basis, nPOGA most closely reproduces the 2014/15 and the 2015/16 El Niños. In particular, we show that the 2015 Pacific meridional mode event increased wind forcing along the equator by 20%, potentially contributing to the extreme nature of the 2015/16 El Niño. Our results illustrate the significant role of extratropical noise in pacing the initiation and magnitude of ENSO events and may improve the predictability of ENSO on seasonal time scales.
Ocean Swells along the Global Coastlines and Their Climate Projections for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Amores Angel , Marcos Marta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRemotely generated swell waves are the dominant contributor of the coastal wind-wave climate along most of the world coastlines. In this work we describe the characteristics of swells from a coastal perspective. We identify the main regions of formation of swell waves at present and during the late twenty-first century under the RCP8.5 emissions/climate change scenario. We have applied an algorithm that allows one to unequivocally differentiate the swell component from the local wind-waves for a global wave hindcast and for eight CMIP5 state-of-the-art wave model climate projections. We have identified four different regions of swell formation, two in each hemisphere, with the Southern Ocean being by far the main region of swell generation. By the end of this century, the number of swell events generated in the Northern Hemisphere is expected to decrease while the opposite is projected to occur in the Southern Hemisphere. The increase in the Southern Hemisphere is directly associated with a poleward movement and intensification of the wind belts projected by atmospheric climate models.
Acquiring the Arctic-Scale Spatial Distribution of Snow Depth Based on AMSR-E Snow Depth Product
Authors: Nie Yafei , Wang Yuzhe , Lv Xianqing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSnow on sea ice is a key variable in Arctic climate studies and thus plays an important role in geophysics. However, snow depths (SDs) derived from passive satellite remote sensing data are missing on multiyear ice due to the limitation of algorithm. We interpolate the SDs using the polynomial fitting (PF) method, trigonometric polynomial fitting (TPF) method, and multiquadric function interpolation method, and NASA’s Operation IceBridge (OIB) SD product is used to assess errors. Results show that TPF with the highest degree in x direction equaling 2 and the highest degree in y direction equaling 4 (TPF24) is the most satisfactory method, which has a deviation of 7.19 cm from OIB SD. Although PF with the highest degree in x and y directions being 7 and 8, respectively (PF78), also performs well in terms of error (7.22 cm), unreasonable value will be obtained at the edge due to its high degree. Results of TPF24 show a thicker SD area located in the north of Greenland, which is in good agreement with the actual situation.