bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological identification and differentiation between the motor and sensory roots in pediatric spinal cord lipoma surgery
Authors: Lutz Katharina , Müller Timothy , Grunt Sebastian , Scherer Cordula , Schuhmann Martin U. , Zeino Mazen , Vulcu Sonja , Hakim Arsany , Wermelinger Jonathan , Abut Pablo Abel Alvarez , Pospieszny Katarzyna , Raabe Andreas , Schucht Philippe , Seidel Kathleen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Radical resection of spinal cord lipomas reduces the rate of re-tethering. Current conventional neurophysiological mapping techniques are not able to differentiate between crucial motor nerve roots and sensory roots. Enhanced differentiation could contribute to complete resection. We present our experience with a double-train paradigm to differentiate between motor and sensory roots.

Methods
In children undergoing spinal cord lipoma resection, the double-train mapping paradigm was used with an inter-train interval of 60 ms. Given the longer recovery time due to the H-reflex, a single muscle response was presumed to be elicited from a sensory root, and a double muscle response from a motor root. The primary endpoint was postoperative neurological outcome and bladder function at discharge.

Results
We included 8 children undergoing 10 lipoma resections between 2016 and 2023. Double-train mapping was used in all cases. Motor and sensory roots were clearly differentiated in 6 cases and altered the course of surgery in 4 cases.
Post-surgery, no sensory and motor function worsened within 3 months. Bladder function was stable in six and improved in two children. In two patients, bladder function worsened slightly at 3 months and 6 months, at which point one patient was re-operated on for re-tethering.

Conclusion
Intraoperative mapping with the double-train paradigm reliably differentiated between motor and sensory nerve roots. Informing the surgeon on the specific function of a tethering root may help to maximize resection without risking major neurological deficits.
Dodging the autocratic bullet: enlisting behavioural science to arrest democratic backsliding
Authors: Abels Christoph M. , Huttunen Kiia Jasmin Alexandra , Hertwig Ralph , Lewandowsky Stephan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite a long history of research on democratic backsliding, the process itself − in which the executive branch amasses power and undermines democratic processes and institutions − remains poorly understood. We seek to shed light on the underlying mechanisms by studying democratic near misses: cases in which a period of autocratic governance is quickly reversed or full backsliding is prevented at the last minute. Building on the literature on near misses in sociotechnical systems such as nuclear power plants, we adapt the drift-to-danger model to the study of democratic systems. Two key findings emerge: First, democratic backsliding is often triggered by political elites pushing the boundaries of their power by violating norms, which are crucial yet vulnerable safeguards for democracy. Second, democratic backsliding is unpredictable and non-linear, being driven by the interaction between political elites and the public. Norm-violating elites may feel legitimized by a supportive public that sees norm violations as justified. At the same time, political elites may signal that norm-violating behaviour is acceptable, potentially leading the public to adopt anti-democratic beliefs and behaviours. We identify risk factors that make norm violations more likely and outline behavioural sciences-based interventions to address these violations.
Psychosocial well-being and mental health of low- and middle-income countries’ internally displaced persons and refugees during COVID-19: a systematic literature review
Authors: Amodu Oluwakemi , Janes Craig R. , Pangan Karen Therese L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic brought to light the need to address the psychosocial and mental health needs of refugees and internally displaced persons in low- and middle-income countries. COVID-19 prevention measures slowed essential services and healthcare, creating unique challenges for refugees and IDPs, including economic insecurity and societal instability. All of these factors may contribute to the reported declines in their psychosocial well-being.

Methods
To effectively define the problems of low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) in addressing the needs of these populations, we conducted a systematic literature review of literature on the mental health and psychosocial well-being of refugees and displaced persons who have migrated between LMICs in the context of COVID-19.

Findings
Our findings indicate that mental health interventions, such as digital healthcare and community-focused solutions, have the potential to address the problems faced by refugees and IDPs. Nevertheless, these community-based support networks are overextended, continuously developing to meet the needs of these vulnerable populations while considering the limited digital literacy of the subject population, internet accessibility, and overall limits in reach. We found that the efficacy of interventions varied according to the distinctive needs and challenges of various refugee and IDP populations.

Implications
The findings indicate a need for an intersectional policy approach to address the complex network of factors influencing mental health outcomes, including gender, housing, employment status, and social inequalities. Global agencies, policymakers, and local governments must prioritize the development of comprehensive mental health support systems, assuring refugees and IDPs have sustainable and equitable access.
Ethnic Nationalism and Support for the Black Lives Matter Movement among Black and Asian Americans
Authors: Gaines Kylie , Lien Pei-Te 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper explores whether attitudes toward ethnic nationalism among Black and Asian Americans influence attitudes toward the Black Lives Matter Movement. Acceptance of a nationalist ideology typically makes an individual animus towards outgroups. Moreover, ethnic/Black nationalism is known to flare in times of perceived intense oppression. Given current racial tensions in the United States, we are interested in examining factors that may help facilitate alliance-building between Black and Asian Americans—two nonwhite groups that exist on different planks of the U.S. racial hierarchy. We begin by recounting historical and contemporary instances of Afro-Asian solidarity and conflict. This is followed by a review of past theoretical articulation and empirical research on nationalist ideology within each community. We develop a set of group-specific indicators of ethnic nationalism for Black and Asian Americans from the 2020 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey. Our results show clear evidence that being sympathetic to ethnic nationalism can unite rather than divide the two racialized communities in their attitudes toward present-day projects such as the Black Lives Matter Movement.
PENELOPE THE HETAIRA: ODYSSEAN INNUENDO IN STRABO'S ACCOUNT OF CORINTH (GEOGRAPHY 8.6.20)
Authors: Lightfoot Jessica 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Following Janko's suggestion that two trimeters cited at Strabo, Geography 8.6.20 form a couplet from an unknown, possibly Aristophanic comedy, this note explores the resonance and meaning of the third citation contained in the same chapter of the geographer's work. It proposes that this third citation, which relates to a Corinthian hetaira's work at the loom and is possibly from either the same or a different comedy, contains a joke hinting at the Odyssey and alternative traditions regarding Penelope's chastity. This Odyssean echo thematically connects this citation to the comic trimeters, which also contain clear allusions to the Odyssey.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ellagic acid as a new therapy for Trichinella spiralis infection
Authors: Ashoush S.E. , Saeed Z.M. , Soliman E.K. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Trichinellosis is a widespread food-borne zoonosis, causing mild to severe illness in humans with potential fatality. Its treatment remains challenging due to the side effects and limited efficacy of specific drugs. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the therapeutic effects of ellagic acid (EA) alone and combined with albendazole against trichinellosis and its biochemical and pathological alterations in mice. Mice were divided into two main groups: G1 and G2 for the intestinal and muscular phases, respectively. Then each group was subdivided into five subgroups: (a) non-infected control, (b) infected control non-treated, (c) infected and treated with EA, (d) infected and treated with albendazole, and (e) infected and treated with a combination of both. Parasitological, biochemical, and histopathological studies were used to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes. Treatment with EA resulted in a significant reduction of the mean counts of intestinal adult worms and muscular larvae compared to the infected control. EA improved oxidative stress as it reduced nitric oxide and increased catalase activities in intestinal and muscular tissues. Additionally, it alleviated the inflammatory response, as evidenced by downregulating IL-6 and increasing IL-10 expressions in tissues. Furthermore, it improved liver functions and ameliorated the pathological alterations induced by trichinellosis. The best results were detected in combination treatments that indicated synergistic effects between EA and albendazole. In conclusion, EA can be used as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant with a promising anti-parasitic impact against trichinellosis.
Research on the path planning algorithm and obstacle-crossing motion planning strategy for a cable trench inspection robot
Authors: Dong Linjie , Zhang Renfei , Wang Junfei , Li Jie , Wang Shanshan , Wang Xingsong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The path planning and obstacle-crossing motion planning of cable trench inspection robots are essential for achieving automated inspection. To improve path planning efficiency and obstacle navigation in complex environments, an enhanced global path planning algorithm based on the A* algorithm has been developed, combined with an improved Dynamic Window Approach (DWA) for local path planning. For unavoidable obstacles, a specific obstacle-crossing motion planning strategy has been formulated. The enhanced A* algorithm improves efficiency and safety through adaptive neighborhood expansion and the elimination of redundant path points. The improved DWA algorithm enables real-time dynamic obstacle avoidance in local path planning. The simulation results on a

$20 \times 20$

grid map indicate that the improved A* algorithm reduces the number of nodes by 58.4% and shortens the path length by 6.1% compared to the traditional A* algorithm, demonstrating significant advantages over other conventional path planning algorithms. In the simulation experiments integrating global and local path planning, the enhanced A* algorithm combined with the improved DWA algorithm reduces the path length by 3.2% on the

$20 \times 20$

grid map compared to the integration with the traditional DWA algorithm. On the

$30 \times 30$

grid maps with different obstacle configurations, the path lengths are reduced by 3.5% and 3.6%, respectively. In the obstacle-crossing experiments, the robot successfully overcame obstacles of 10 cm and 20 cm in height. The proposed path planning algorithm and obstacle-crossing motion planning strategy hold substantial application potential in complex environments, offering reliable technical support for cable trench inspection robots.
A new family of double-stage parallel mechanisms with movable RCM
Authors: Lv Xianhai , Ye Fan , Wang Kai , Sun Hao , Cao Yi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Remote center-of-motion (RCM) manipulators are a key issue in minimally invasive surgeries (MIS). The existing RCM parallel mechanisms (PMs) can only generate RCM motion based on the invariant RCM. To provide mobility for RCM, this paper designed a new family of RCM PMs with movable RCM that features a double-stage topological structure. Drawing mainly on configuration evolution and Lie-group, a general approach is proposed to design double-stage PMs with movable RCM. Feasible limbs for 2R1T RCM motion are enumerated and used to construct the secondary PM. Type synthesis of the primary PMs that realize movable RCM is accomplished based on the method presented. Different connection styles between the two stages that ensure the geometrical conditions of RCM motion are designed. Using different connection styles, double-stage PMs with movable RCM are constructed. These new RCM PMs can realize precise positioning of RCM by taking advantage of the primary PMs, which indicates their potential application prospects in MIS.
Lesser elite in crisis: family strategies of divination (yinyang) school instructors in the Yuan–Ming transition
Authors: Yang Qiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the intertwined history of local divination schools and divination instructors during the Yuan–Ming transition through a microhistory of the Zhu family—a diviner family who, as newcomers to Suzhou, carefully navigated the turbulent dynastic transition. Based on broader prosopographical research of Yuan and Ming divination school instructors, this study draws two main conclusions regarding social and institutional history during this crisis period. First, the Zhu family, representing lesser elites whose status depended on state institutions, survived the Yuan–Ming transition by building local networks, transforming their expertise, and manipulating narratives of their family history. Second, despite the Ming founder's order for the re-establishment of local divination schools, it was the diviner families, seeking to recover from the dynastic transition, who played a key role in restoring the local institution. This study extends our understanding of the scope of the fourteenth-century crisis, its diverse manifestations across social groups, and the manipulation of crisis narratives for various purposes. It also proposes a bottom-up approach to engage with the Yuan–Ming social and institutional continuity and rupture.
No yield advantage of biodynamic compost preparations in a long-term field trial
Authors: Dietrich Lars , Dahn Christian , Fritz Jürgen , Berg Martin , Köpke Ulrich , Döring Thomas F. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Biodynamic farming is a growing branch of organic farming which uses various so-called biodynamic preparations with the aim to enhance plant growth and soil quality. These preparations comprise plant parts fermented in animal sheaths (e.g., cow intestines or deer bladders) which are then applied to manures and composts before applying to the field (compost preparations). Two special preparations based on manure and silica are applied to the crops as field sprays (spray preparations). The effect of these biodynamic preparations, however, is a matter of debate. In a long-term experiment over 27 yrs, within an organic crop rotation, the use of biodynamic compost preparations has recently been shown to impact the soil biological community. Using the same experiment, we investigated whether these soil-level effects also displayed in agronomic parameters of arable crops. We found that the use of biodynamic compost preparations, when compared with farmyard manure (FYM) compost application without preparations, had no effect on yield in any of the investigated crops (spring wheat, winter wheat, oats, winter rye, faba bean, potatoes, maize, and grass/clover), or when data from all crops were pooled. Temporal yield stability of spring wheat and grass/clover was also unaffected by the biodynamic compost preparations. The application of FYM compost, however, led to significant increases in both yield and yield stability as compared to the non-fertilized control. We conclude that while biodynamic compost preparations did influence biological processes in the soil, they did not increase the crop yields in our long-term trial.
Faunal dynamics and evolution of Ordovician conodonts on the Baltic side of the Tornquist Sea
Authors: DZIK Jerzy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Continental drift of Baltica from the Tremadocian subpolar latitudes to subtropical latitudes in the Katian was the main factor controlling the succession of the Ordovician Baltic conodont communities. These faunas were gradually enriched during the Floian as a result of immigrations from the regions experiencing warmer climate. Reinterpretation of quantitative data in terms of population approach to fossil assemblages shows how some of these immigrants evolved anagenetically in place, changing their contribution to the secondary productivity of the ecosystem. The composition of the fauna became surprisingly uniform, at least since the numerical domination by the presumably indigenous Baltoniodus lineage was established during the Dapingian. Baltoniodus was supplemented by another indigenous lineage of Trapezognathus-Lenodus-Eoplacognathus, which continued its subordinate occurrence during the Darriwilian. The early Sandbian transgression resulted in immigration of the Amorphognathus lineage that emerged allopatrically in an unknown region but then began evolving anagenetically until the end of the Ordovician. Conodonts with coniform apparatus elements added complexity to the general picture of immigrations and disappearances, but only the lineage of Protopanderodus rectus seems to have differentiated geographically its contribution to the biological productivity. Several brief cooling and warming episodes did not result in any long-term transformations of the conodont communities. Most intriguing was the immigration of the Yaoxianognathus lineage that probably gave rise to all of the post-Ordovician ozarkodinids. By that time, Yaoxianognathus had its close relative in the tropical North American Midcontinent, but the source area was probably in the Darriwilian of the Argentinian part of Gondwana. Forms with thin P1 elements of basal cone walls, like Scabbardella or Hamarodus, are indicators of glacial Gondwanan influences. The lineage of Sagittodontina, associated with these in the Małopolska microcontinent (with Gondwanan affinities), was subordinate in Baltica until it had been influenced by the Hirnantian glaciation that ended the Baltic conodont fauna.
Sensorless model-based tension control for a cable-driven exosuit
Authors: Bardi Elena , Esser Adrian , Wolf Peter , Gandolla Marta , Ambrosini Emilia , Pedrocchi Alessandra , Riener Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cable-driven exosuits have the potential to support individuals with motor disabilities across the continuum of care. When supporting a limb with a cable, force sensors are often used to measure tension. However, force sensors add cost, complexity, and distal components. This paper presents a design and control approach to remove the force sensor from an upper limb cable-driven exosuit. A mechanical design for the exosuit was developed to maximize passive transparency. Then, a data-driven friction identification was conducted on a mannequin test bench to design a model-based tension controller. Seventeen healthy participants raised and lowered their right arms to evaluate tension tracking, movement quality, and muscular effort. Questionnaires on discomfort, physical exertion, and fatigue were collected. The proposed strategy allowed tracking the desired assistive torque with a root mean square error of 0.71 Nm (18%) at 50% gravity support. During the raising phase, the electromyography signals of the anterior deltoid, trapezius, and pectoralis major were reduced on average compared to the no-suit condition by 30, 38, and 38%, respectively. The posterior deltoid activity was increased by 32% during lowering. Position tracking was not significantly altered, whereas movement smoothness significantly decreased. This work demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of removing the force sensor from a cable-driven exosuit. A significant increase in discomfort in the lower neck and right shoulder indicated that the ergonomics of the suit could be improved. Overall this work paves the way toward simpler and more affordable exosuits.
De la découverte des hormones incrétines aux doubles et triples agonistes GIP / GLP-1 / glucagon
Authors: Phan Franck , Bertrand Romane , Amouyal Chloé , Andreelli Fabrizio 
Published: December 2024

L’idée de traiter les diabètes sucrés par des hormones intestinales a été proposée dès les débuts de l’endocrinologie, en 1902, mais ne sera mise en pratique qu’au début des années 2000. La mise en évidence d’une majoration de la sécrétion d’insuline après l’administration de glucose par voie orale par rapport à son administration intraveineuse, connue sous le nom « d’effet incrétine », a été suivie de la découverte des deux principales hormones intestinales responsables de cet effet : le GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) et le GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1). La réduction de l’effet incrétine contribue à la pathogenèse du diabète de type 2, ce qui a conduit à développer des thérapies innovantes successives, comme les analogues du GLP-1, les agonistes du récepteur du GLP-1, les co-agonistes GIP / GLP-1 et les triagonistes GIP / GLP-1 / glucagon. Ces médicaments aux effets hypoglycémiants et pondéraux puissants ont modifié radicalement notre prise en charge thérapeutique du diabète de type 2 et de l’obésité.
Continuous near-bit inclination measurement based on installation error correction
Authors: Liu Naipeng , Yang Zhen , Qiu Jun , Dong Jinlong , Lv Zhensheng , Liu Wenhao , Liu Shiying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As the petroleum industry evolves, the challenges associated with petroleum exploration and development intensify, and the continuous measurement of well inclination has grown increasingly significant. Continuous near-bit inclination measurements can improve the accuracy of calculating wellbore trajectory and drilling efficiency. However, the vibration of the bottom drill bit seriously interferes with the inclination measurement, causing serious distortion of acceleration and inaccurate inclination measurement. When the well inclination measurement module is installed eccentrically, it is easy to cause installation errors. At the same time, the drill collar rotates, and the three-axis acceleration is affected by the centrifugal acceleration. The above factors will affect the accuracy of inclination measurement. This paper derives a three-axis acceleration measurement error model caused by installation error, and proposes a continuous measurement method based on this model. First, the vibration noise is filtered out by the Kalman filter. Then a multivariate linear regression model of three-axis acceleration is established, and the true inclination is calculated based on this model. After simulation verification, the continuous inclination error measured by this method is less than 0.2°.