bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavored Guilu Erxian decoction inhibits the injury of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by cisplatin
Authors: Ke Bin , Shi Lin , Xu Zhaozhong , Wu Gang , Gong Yuxin , Zhu Lixia , Wang Yanjing , Ouyang Huailiang , Wang Xilong 
Published: May 2018

To examine the exact role of flavored Guilu Erxian decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the treatment of cisplatin-induced side-effects in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs were isolated from bone marrow collected from SD rats and identified by flow cytometry. Cells were cultivated in MEM alpha medium containing 5% (TCM-L), 10% (TCM-M) and 20% (TCM-H) dosages of flavored Guilu Erxian decoction with or without cisplatin. Cell viability was determined through CCK-8 and thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2"²-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle and apoptosis. The expression of p21 and cleaved-caspase-3 were examined using Western blot assay. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway associated proteins, including p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR, were also examined by Western blot assay. CCK-8 and EdU staining assay demonstrated that cisplatin could inhibit cell proliferation in BM-MSCs in a dose and time dependent manner. Further, cisplatin could induce apoptosis through increasing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, p21 and cleaved-caspase-3 expression. However, these phenomena would be significantly alleviated when adding the serum containing flavored Guilu Erxian decoction. Furthermore, the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway activation could be inhibited by cisplatin in BM-MSCs, while flavored Guilu Erxian decoction treatment successfully abrogated this effect. Combination of flavored Guilu Erxian decoction and cisplatin could reduce the damage to BM-MSCs. This indicates that the flavored Guilu Erxian decoction can enhance the possibility of BM-MSCs repairing and rehabilitating the normal function of injured tissues induced by cisplatin, which could provide a new direction for therapeutic applications.
Hyperlocals and Legacy Media
Authors: Nygren Gunnar , Leckner Sara , Tenor Carina 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Declining legacy media seriously affects local journalism in Sweden. Since 2004, nearly every second local office for local newspapers has been closed, and local coverage is diminishing. In a parallel development, new types of hyperlocal media are growing, according to a national mapping of local media ecologies. The study presented here is based on two surveys: one of local municipalities and one of independent hyperlocals. The key question is: are hyperlocals filling the gap? In many cases, the motivation behind new hyperlocal media has been discontent with declining media coverage from legacy media. In general, however, the pattern is more complicated; most hyperlocals grow in places where legacy media is also present. The main conclusion is that hyperlocals are only partly filling the gaps from declining legacy media, while parts of Sweden are becoming “news deserts.” Another important result is that hyperlocals are developing both in print and online, often in combination, to create a sustainable business model.
High Connectivity Among Synedrella nodiflora Populations in Java Island Based on Intergenic Spacer atpB-rbcL
Authors: Susanto Agus Hery , Nuryanto Agus , Daryono Budi Setiadi 
Published: May 2018

Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn has taxonomically been the only species of genus Synedrella, which spreads over many tropical countries. In spite of its wide range of distribution, the genus remains monospecific. This leads to assumption of the very low genetic diversity among S. nodiflora populations worldwide. It may also be the case in Java Island, though rapid changes in ecosystem condition occurs. Here we report our study on S. nodiflora population genetics in Java Island using intergenic spacer (IGS) atpB – rbcL as a molecular marker, since it has been well known as one of the most variable chloroplast genome regions in a wide range of plant species so far. As many as 58 individuals were collected randomly from ten different locations in the island. Based on IGS atpB – rbcL sequences of 860 bp length, only two haplotypes were observed. Both show only one polymorphic site (0.12%) and one transversion, where T is substituted by G at position 790, indicating that high connectivity among populations of S. nodiflora in Java Island is observed. This results in a low genetic differences among the populations, which at the same time provides a fact of nearly no variation among the IGS atpB – rbcL sequences.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Daemonorops draco Resin
Authors: Wahyuni Wulan Tri , Purwanti Sri , Batubara Irmanida 
Published: May 2018

Daemonorops draco has been reported for its antibacterial activity and empirically used for wound healing by Anak Dalam ethnic at Jambi Province, Sumatera-Indonesia. This study was performed to evaluate antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of D. draco resin collected from Jambi. D. draco resin was extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. Antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated using agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriacidal concentration (MBC) was determined by microdilution method. In addition, antibiofilm activity was evaluated by violet crystal method. The result showed that extraction yield of ethyl acetate was higher than methanol and n-hexane. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of D. draco exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity against S. aureus compare to n-hexane extract. MIC and MBC of methanol extract and chromatographic fraction (F5.1) of ethyl acetate extract were 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, antibiofilm assay revealed that all extracts were inhibit initial attachment of bacteria cell in biofilm formation. This result revealed a novel information that D. draco extracts was potential as inhibitor of biofilm formation. TLC bioautography of D. draco extracts indicated that constituent with Rf of 0.71 performed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus. This finding expected to strengthen the scientific backup for utilization of D. draco by society.
Quantitative Morphological Variation in the DevelopingDrosophilaWing
Authors: Matamoro-Vidal Alexis , Huang Yunxian , Salazar-Ciudad Isaac , Shimmi Osamu , Houle David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantitative genetic variation in morphology is pervasive in all species and is the basis for the evolution of differences among species. The measurement of morphological form in adults is now beginning to be combined with comparable measurements of form during development. Here we compare the shape of the developing wing to its adult form in a holometabolous insect, Drosophila melanogaster. We used protein expression patterns to measure shape in the developing precursors of the final adult wing. Three developmental stages were studied: late larval third instar, post-pupariation and in the adult fly. We studied wild-type animals in addition to mutants of two genes (shf and ds) that have known effects on adult wing shape and size. Despite experimental noise related to the difficulty of comparing developing structures, we found consistent differences in wing shape and size at each developmental stage between genotypes. Quantitative comparisons of variation arising at different developmental stages with the variation in the final structure enable us to determine when variation arises, and to generate hypotheses about the causes of that variation. In addition we provide linear rules allowing us to link wing morphology in the larva, with wing morphology in the pupa. Our approach provides a framework to analyze quantitative morphological variation in the developing fly wing. This framework should help to characterize the natural variation of the larval and pupal wing shape, and to measure the contribution of the processes occurring during these developmental stages to the natural variation in adult wing morphology.
Development and Function of the Drosophila Tracheal System
Authors: Hayashi Shigeo , Kondo Takefumi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The tracheal system of insects is a network of epithelial tubules that functions as a respiratory organ to supply oxygen to various target organs. Target-derived signaling inputs regulate stereotyped modes of cell specification, branching morphogenesis, and collective cell migration in the embryonic stage. In the postembryonic stages, the same set of signaling pathways controls highly plastic regulation of size increase and pattern elaboration during larval stages, and cell proliferation and reprograming during metamorphosis. Tracheal tube morphogenesis is also regulated by physicochemical interaction of the cell and apical extracellular matrix to regulate optimal geometry suitable for air flow. The trachea system senses both the external oxygen level and the metabolic activity of internal organs, and helps organismal adaptation to changes in environmental oxygen level. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the high plasticity of tracheal development and physiology uncovered through research on Drosophila are discussed.
Why Is DNA Double Stranded? The Discovery of DNA Excision Repair Mechanisms
Authors: Strauss Bernard S 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe double stranded structure of DNA suggested a mechanism for replication. Overlooked was that it also served to maintain genome stability by providing a template for the repair of damage and mistakes in replication...The persistence of hereditary traits over many generations testifies to the stability of the genetic material. Although the Watson–Crick structure for DNA provided a simple and elegant mechanism for replication, some elementary calculations implied that mistakes due to tautomeric shifts would introduce too many errors to permit this stability. It seemed evident that some additional mechanism(s) to correct such errors must be required. This essay traces the early development of our understanding of such mechanisms. Their key feature is the cutting out of a section of the strand of DNA in which the errors or damage resided, and its replacement by a localized synthesis using the undamaged strand as a template. To the surprise of some of the founders of molecular biology, this understanding derives in large part from studies in radiation biology, a field then considered by many to be irrelevant to studies of gene structure and function. Furthermore, genetic studies suggesting mechanisms of mismatch correction were ignored for almost a decade by biochemists unacquainted or uneasy with the power of such analysis. The collective body of results shows that the double-stranded structure of DNA is critical not only for replication but also as a scaffold for the correction of errors and the removal of damage to DNA. As additional discoveries were made, it became clear that the mechanisms for the repair of damage were involved not only in maintaining the stability of the genetic material but also in a variety of biological phenomena for increasing diversity, from genetic recombination to the immune response.
Polifarmacia en especies menores de clínicas veterinarias de la provincia de Heredia, en Costa Rica
Authors: Alfaro Mora Ramsés , Loria-Granados Mariana , Camacho-Bogantes Dylan 
Published: May 2018

Las interacciones farmacológicas son el resultado de la administración conjunta de varios medicamentos. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar las poblacionesanimales que poseen mayor exposición a la polifarmacia en clínicas veterinari asubi cadas en zonas urbanas de la provincia de Heredia, en Costa Rica; así comoel reporte de las principales interacciones farmacológicas registradas en estas. Seencontró que la especie canina es la que acude con mayor frecuencia a consulta y, a suvez, es la que se expone con mayor frecuencia a la polimedicación, trayendo consigomayor probabilidad de interacciones medicamentosas. Las principales interaccionesdocumentadas son con antifúngicos, antiinflamatorios, glucocorticoides y antibacterianos.
Integración de cuerpos sociales en el espacio rural del Chaco entre ciclos económicos diferenciados. Vida laboral de “tipos” emblemáticos, y su impronta en la identidad popular
Authors: Mari Oscar Ernesto 
Published: May 2018

ResumenLa ocupación del Chaco Austral Argentino entre fines del siglo XIX y primeras décadas del XX, fue impulsada por sucesivas etapas colonizadoras que acompañaron la alternancia ciclos económicos diferenciados. En cada uno de estos momentos, que se dieron en ámbitos geográficos diferentes dentro del Territorio, fueron formándose cuerpos sociales particulares que aportaron los primeros rasgos identitarios a esta sociedad en formación. Dentro de éstos, surgieron “tipos sociales” que motivaron las primeras imágenes con que la sociedad nacional identificó al Chaco. Las condiciones de vida y trabajo, y el aporte cultural de algunos sectores representativos del ámbito rural del Chaco en esta época, son temas abordados en el presente artículo.Palabras Clave: Chaco, Territorio, Identidad, Hacheros, Cosecheros SummaryThe occupation of the Southern Chaco Argentine between ends of the nineteenth century and early decades of the 20th, was boosted by successive phases colonizers that they accompanied differentiated economics cycles. In each one of these moments, that were given in different geographic areas within the Territory, went forming social groups individuals that contributed the first identity traits to this society in training. Within these, emerged social types that motivated first images with that the domestic society identified to Chaco. Living conditions and work, and it contributes the cultural of some sectors representing the rural field of Chaco in this period, are issues addressed in the current article.Keywords: Chaco, Territory, Identity, Rural Social Types
Efecto de diferentes manejos nutricionales sobre el rendimiento y calidad de frutos de tomate
Authors: Terry Alfonso Elein , Ruiz Padrón Josefa , Carillo Soso Yudines 
Published: May 2018

The conversion of high-input agriculture to an agro-ecological approach bring harmony to the environment reducing degraded Agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nutritional management on yield and internal and external quality of tomato fruits as an alternative to the reduction of mineral fertilizers. The research was carried out at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences (INCA) in Cuba, from September 15 to November 30, 2016. A randomized block design with four replications was used to study four treatments: Absolute control (without mineral fertilizer and bioproducts), Partial ecological nutrition (50 % of mineral fertilizer + bioproducts: mycorrhiza and biostimulant), Organic nutrition (organic fertilizer + bioproducts: mycorrhiza and biostimulant), and Conventional nutrition (NPK mineral fertilizer only). Evaluations regarding agricultural yield and its components, bromatological quality of fruits (Brix, acidity, vitamin C content, and nitrates) and postharvest indices (fruit firmness and diameter of endocarp and mesocarp) were performed. Agricultural yield (25.31 t/ha) and the internal quality of fruits (5.23 °Brix; 11.75 SST; 73.29 nitrates; 18.54 vitamin C, and 4.45 dry matter) applying the treatment where 50% of mineral fertilization was dispensed and complemented by bioproducts did not show significant differences with NPK treatment. Regarding the organic variant, the result in agricultural yield was lower (19.42 t/ha), in comparison with control and the ecological variant. Therefore, it is suggested further evaluation of the effect of the reduction of mineral fertilization on tomato crop and its combination with bioproducts.
Inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo en vacas con proestro prolongado de 60 y 72 horas
Authors: Yánez-Avalos Darwin Omar , Lépez Parra Juan Carlos , Moyano Tapia Juan Carlos , Quinteros Pozo Roberto Orlando , Marini Pablo Roberto 
Published: May 2018

Fixed- time artificial insemination (IATF, in Spanish) in beef cattle has provided the use of genetically superior bulls in order to maximize the quality of calves. However, implementing this reproductive technique has proved to be difficult to apply in heifers nursing calves for several months of lactancy. An immediate solution to fertility decline of cattle includes the use of hormones. Some hormonal treatments have been developed which are able to control the moment of the first artificial insemination (IA) and the following inseminations in non- pregnant heifers as well as for the treatment of anestrus. The objective of this work was to evaluate two protocols with prolonged proestrus performing artificial insemination at fixed time at 60 or 72 hours in dual purpose cattle from the Ecuadorian Amazon. The study was held from October 2015 to October 2016. A total of 226 multiparious Brows Swiss cattle with nursing calves were inseminated at 60 (T1, n=115) and at 72 (T2, n=111) hours after removing the progesterone device., The conception rate for T1 was 61% (70/115) and for T2: 47% of pregnancy (52/111), showing significant differences (p≤0.05). The estrus was expressed on average by 70.8%, with no significant difference between the protocols (P = 3.15, p≥0.082), for T1 it was 76% (87/115) and for T2 of 65%. The follicular growth at the withdrawal of the progesterone device (T1: 9.53 ± 0.11 mm, T2: 9.87 ± 0.12 mm), the IATF (T1: 12.3 ± 0.12 mm; T2: 11.9 ± 0.12 mm), and the corpus luteum size (T1: 23.1 0.14±mm; T2:22.8 0.15 ±mm) did not show significant differences p≥0.5 between both protocols. It was concluded that both protocols did not show significant differences regarding follicular development at the time of withdrawal of the IATF device and the size of the corpus luteum size measured at day seven after withdrawal. However, the pregnancy rate was higher for the 60-hour protocol.
Producción de semillas de variedades de Moringa oleifera Lam en el Valle del Cauto
Authors: Ledea Rodríguez José Leonardo , Rosell Alonso Guiselle , Benítez Jiménez Diocles Guillermo , Reyes Pérez Ramón Crucito , Ray Ramírez Jorge Valentín , Reyes Pérez Juan José 
Published: May 2018

Moringa oleifera has shown innumerable benefits as animal feed. For the expansion of this plant, a largeamount of quality seeds is necessary and, to produce them, sowing density and the cultivars used must be considered, among other factors. The objective of this work was to determine the effect of sowing distance on seed yield of four moringa cultivars. The study was carried out at the Experimental Pasture and Forage Station Pastures and Forages (EEPF, in Spanish) of the Institute of Agricultural Research(IIA, in Spanish) “Jorge Dimitrov” in Bayamo, Granma, Cuba. Four cultivars: Plain, Nicaragua, Supergenius, and Criolla, were evaluated on a Fluvisol soil in Cauto Valley. Twelve treatments, combining cultivar and sowing distance: 3x1, 3x2, and 3x3 m, were applied. The variables stem thickness, branches per plant,fruits per plant, fruit length, seeds per plant, and seed yield per plant and per hectarewere measured. There was not a significant interaction between cultivar and sowing distance for the studied variables.The best response of yield components was obtained from plants spaced at 3x2 and 3x3 m; however, the highest yield per hectare were reached from plants spaced at 3x1 and 3x2 m. Cultivarr was significant (p≤0.05) on stem thickness, fruit length, and seeds per fruit. For sowing distance, the significant variables (p≤0.05) were: stem thickness, branches and fruits per plant as well as yield per plant and per hectare.
Study of infective morbidity following gynecological surgeries
Authors: Gavhane Satyajit P. , Bangal Vidyadhar B. , Gagare Swati D. , Kodlikeri Amey R. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Post-operative wound infection is a common nosocomial infection all over the world. It is responsible for increase in physical and psychological stress to the patient. It also increases the cost of treatment due to prolonged hospitalization. Present study was carried to find out the post-operative wound infection, morbidity and the risk factors.Methods: Prospective cross sectional study was carried out at tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of six months. Consecutive 57 cases of surgical site infections (SSI) following obstetric and gynecological abdominal surgery were analyzed.Results: It was observed that the incidence of SSI was 2.8 percent. Overweight, previous laparotomy scars, emergency surgery and prolong labour were the common risk factors associated with the development of SSI. Certain epidemiological and environmental factors like under nutrition, rural area residence, poverty, illiteracy, ignorance, poor general hygiene, Surgical site infections(SSI) were more commonly observed following emergency operations; laparotomies performed for large ovarian tumours, malignancies and ruptured ectopic pregnancies. Caesarean sections performed for prolong labour, prolong premature rupture membranes, prolonged second stage had more likelihood of development of sepsis. Occurrence of SSI resulted in significant prolongation of hospital stay.Conclusions: The incidence of SSI in the present study was within acceptable limits. Regular surveillance for SSI in the hospital and sensitization of staff regarding consequences of SSI would go a long way in further reduction in the rate of SSI.
Clearance Concepts: Fundamentals and Application to Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Drugs
Authors: Mehvar Reza 
Published: May 2018

Clearance concepts were introduced into the pharmacokinetics discipline in the 1970s and since then have played a major role in characterization of the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs. These concepts are based on the relationship between organ extraction ratio or clearance and physiologic parameters such as the organ blood flow and the intrinsic capability of the eliminating organ to remove the free (unbound) drug from the body. Several theoretical models have been developed, which define these relationships and may be used to predict the effects of changes in the physiological parameters on various pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs, such as drug clearance. In this communication, the fundamentals of the two most widely used models of hepatic metabolism, namely the well-stirred (venous equilibrium) and parallel-tube (sinusoidal perfusion) models, are reviewed. Additionally, the assumptions inherent to these models and the differences between them in terms of their predictive behavior are discussed. The effects of changes in the physiologic determinants of clearance on the blood concentration-time profiles of drugs with low and high extraction ratio are also presented using numerical examples. Lastly, interesting and unusual examples from the literature are provided where these concepts have been applied beyond their widely known applications. These examples include estimation of the oral bioavailability of drugs in the absence of otherwise needed intravenous data, differentiation between the role of liver and gut in the first-pass loss of drugs, and distinction between the incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract after the oral administration of drugs. It is concluded that the clearance concepts are a powerful tool in explaining the pharmacokinetics of drugs and predicting the changes in their blood concentration-time courses when the underlying physiologic parameters are altered due to age, disease states, or drug interactions. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.