bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanics of Chiral Honeycomb Architectures With Phase Transformations
Authors: Hector Kristiaan W. , Restrepo David , Tejedor Bonilla Cristian , Hector Louis G. , Mankame Nilesh , Zavattieri Pablo D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The mechanics of phase transforming cellular materials (PXCMs) with three different chiral honeycomb architectures, viz., hexachiral, tetra-anti-chiral, and tetra-chiral, are investigated under quasi-static loading/unloading. Each PXCM comprises interconnected unit cells consisting of tape springs rigidly affixed to circular nodes that can rotate and/or translate. The phase change is associated with snap-through instability due to bending of the tape springs and corresponds to sudden changes in the geometry of the unit cells from one stable configuration to another stable (or metastable) configuration during loading/unloading. When compared with similar chiral materials with flat ligaments, the chiral PXCMs exhibit a significantly higher energy dissipation in quasi-static experiments. The hexachiral PXCM was selected for detailed parametric analysis with finite element simulations including 21 models constructed to investigate the effects of PXCM geometry on phase change and energy dissipation. An analytical formalism is developed to predict the minimum compressive load required to induce phase transformation and snap-through. The formalism predictions are compared with those from finite element simulations. An Ashby plot is developed in which the energy dissipated per unit volume versus work conjugate plateau stress of the H-PXCM is compared with other energy absorbing materials.
The Effect of Choice on Motor Learning for Learners With Different Levels of Intrinsic Motivation
Authors: Ikudome Sachi , Kou Kou , Ogasa Kisho , Mori Shiro , Nakamoto Hiroki 
Published: June 2019

This study examines whether the positive effect of choice on motor learning in a dart-throwing task varies by intrinsic motivation. Participants were allocated to a highly motivated or less-motivated group based on measured task motivation and randomly to a Choice or No Choice group. In Experiment 1, participants in the Choice group chose their dart color. In Experiment 2, they chose when to observe a model demonstration. Results showed that the effect of choice on motor learning differed between highly and less-motivated participants in Experiment 1 (i.e., interaction between motivation and choice) but not Experiment 2 (i.e., main effects of motivation and choice). Specifically, motor learning was enhanced in less-motivated but not highly motivated participants when choosing dart color, while it was enhanced regardless of initial intrinsic motivation when choosing model-demonstration time. Therefore, external provision of choice in a motor-learning situation may not be equally effective across learners.
Neuropathic pain is not associated with serum vitamin D but is associated with female gender in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alkhatatbeh Mohammad , Abdul-Razzak Khalid K 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveNeuropathic pain is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients may complain of several neuropathic symptoms including impaired peripheral sensation, numbness, tingling, burning, and pain. Because these symptoms may cross with symptoms of vitamin D deficiency, we hypothesized that neuropathic pain and vitamin D deficiency may be associated in patients with type 2 DM.Research design and methodsThis is a cross-sectional study that involved 239 participants with type 2 DM. Neuropathic pain was assessed using PainDETECT questionnaire. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured by the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, fasting blood glucose was measured by the hexokinase method and hemoglobin A1c was measured by the turbidimetric inhibition immunoassay.ResultsThe prevalence of neuropathic pain among type 2 DM participants was 26.8%. Vitamin D deficiency was reported in 67.8% of type 2 DM participants. The neuropathy score for females was significantly higher than that for males (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in serum vitamin D between type 2 DM participants according to their gender and according to their neuropathy status (p>0.05). Ordinal logistic regression analysis has shown that female gender was the only significant predictor of neuropathic pain among type 2 DM participants (p<0.01 with an OR (95% CI) of 2.45 (1.29 to 4.67)).ConclusionsNeuropathic pain was not associated with serum vitamin D but was associated with female gender in type 2 DM. Because our results were not consistent with other studies that used different neuropathy assessment tools, we suggest that further research should be conducted to check the validity of these tools in identifying subjects with neuropathy.
Facilitators for using data from a quality registry in local quality improvement work: a cross-sectional survey of the Danish Cardiac Rehabilitation Database
Authors: Lindström Egholm Cecilie , Helmark Charlotte , Christensen Jan , Eldh Ann Catrine , Winblad Ulrika , Bunkenborg Gitte , Zwisler Ann-Dorthe , Nilsen Per 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate use of data from a clinical quality registry for cardiac rehabilitation in Denmark, considering the extent to which data are used for local quality improvement and what facilitates the use of these data, with a particular focus on whether there are differences between frontline staff and managers.DesignCross-sectional nationwide survey study.Setting, methods and participantsA previously validated, Swedish questionnaire regarding use of data from clinical quality registries was translated and emailed to frontline staff, mid-level managers and heads of departments (n=175) in all 30 hospital departments participating in the Danish Cardiac Rehabilitation Database. Data were analysed descriptively and through multiple linear regression.ResultsSurvey response rate was 58% (101/175). Reports of registry use at department level (measured through an index comprising seven items; score min 0, max 7, where a low score indicates less use of data) varied significantly between groups of respondents: frontline staff mean score 1.3 (SD=2.0), mid-level management mean 2.4 (SD=2.3) and heads of departments mean 3.0 (SD=2.5), p=0.006. Overall, department level use of data was positively associated with higher perceived data quality and usefulness (regression coefficient=0.22, p=0.019), management request for data (regression coefficient=0.40, p=0.008) and personal motivation of the respondent (regression coefficient=1.63, p<0.001). Among managers, use of registry data was associated with data quality and usefulness (regression coefficient=0.43, p=0.027), and among frontline staff, reported data use was associated with management involvement in quality improvement work (regression coefficient=0.90, p=0.017) and personal motivation (regression coefficient=1.66, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe findings suggest relatively sparse use of data in local quality improvement work. A complex interplay of factors seem to be associated with data use with varying aspects being of importance for frontline staff and managers.
Recorded poor insight as a predictor of service use outcomes: cohort study of patients with first-episode psychosis in a large mental healthcare database
Authors: Ramu Neha , Kolliakou Anna , Sanyal Jyoti , Patel Rashmi , Stewart Robert 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo investigate recorded poor insight in relation to mental health and service use outcomes in a cohort with first-episode psychosis.DesignWe developed a natural language processing algorithm to ascertain statements of poor or diminished insight and tested this in a cohort of patients with first-episode psychosis.SettingThe clinical record text at the South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust in the UK was used.ParticipantsWe applied the algorithm to characterise a cohort of 2026 patients with first-episode psychosis attending an early intervention service.Primary and secondary outcome measuresRecorded poor insight within 1 month of registration was investigated in relation to (1) incidence of psychiatric hospitalisation, (2) odds of legally enforced hospitalisation, (3) number of days spent as a mental health inpatient and (4) number of different antipsychotic agents prescribed; outcomes were measured over varying follow-up periods from 12 months to 60 months, adjusting for a range of sociodemographic and clinical covariates.ResultsRecorded poor insight, present in 46% of the sample, was positively associated with ages 16-35, bipolar disorder and history of cannabis use and negatively associated with White ethnicity and depression. It was significantly associated with higher levels of all four outcomes over all five follow-up periods.ConclusionsRecorded poor insight in people with recent onset psychosis predicted subsequent legally enforced hospitalisations and higher number of hospital admissions, number of unique antipsychotics prescribed and days spent hospitalised. Improving insight might benefit patients’ course of illness as well as reduce mental health service use.
Safety of performing transoesophageal echocardiography in patients with oesophageal varices
Authors: Hudhud Dania , Allaham Haytham , Eniezat Mohammad , Enezate Tariq 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionOesophageal varices (EV) are one of the complications of liver cirrhosis that carries a risk of rupture and bleeding. The safety of performing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients with pre-existing EV is not well described in literature. Therefore, this retrospective study has been conducted to evaluate the safety of preforming TEE in this group of patients.MethodsThe study population was extracted from the 2016 Nationwide Readmissions Data using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification/Procedure Coding System for EV, TEE and in-hospital outcomes. Study endpoints included in-hospital all-cause mortality, hospital length of stay, postprocedural gastrointestinal bleeding and oesophageal perforation.ResultsA total of 81 328 discharges with a diagnosis of EV were identified, among which 242 had a TEE performed during the index hospitalisation. Mean age was 58.3 years, 36.6% female. In comparison to the no-TEE group, the TEE group was associated with comparable in-hospital all-cause mortality (7.0% vs 6.7%, p=0.86) and bleeding (0.9% vs 1.1%, p=0.75); however, TEE group was associated with longer hospital stay (14.9 days vs 6.9 days, p<0.01). There were no reported oesophageal perforations.ConclusionsTEE is not a common procedure performed in patients with pre-existing EV. TEE seems to be a safe diagnostic tool for evaluation of heart diseases in this group of patients.
Mindfulness-based interventions for mental well-being among people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Simpson Robert , Simpson Sharon , Ramparsad Nitish , Lawrence Margaret , Booth Jo , Mercer Stewart W 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveImpairment of mental well-being (anxiety, depression, stress) is common among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Treatment options are limited, particularly for anxiety. The aim of this study was to update our previous systematic review (2014) and evaluate via meta-analysis the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for improving mental well-being in PwMS.MethodsSystematic searches for eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were carried out in seven major databases (November 2017, July 2018), using medical subject headings and key words. Studies were screened, data extracted, quality appraised and analysed by two independent reviewers, using predefined criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. Mental well-being was the primary outcome. Random effects model meta-analysis was performed, with effect size reported as standardised mean difference (SMD).ResultsTwelve RCTs including 744 PwMS were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, eight had data extractable for meta-analysis; n=635. Ethnicity, socioeconomic status, comorbidity and disability were inconsistently reported. MBIs varied from manualised to tailored versions, lasting 6–9 weeks, delivered individually and via groups, both in person and online. Overall SMD for mental well-being (eight studies) was 0.40 (0.28–0.53), p<0.01, I2=28%; against active comparators only (three studies) SMD was 0.17 (0.01–0.32), p<0.05, I2=0%. Only three adverse events were reported.ConclusionsMBIs are effective at improving mental well-being in PwMS. More research is needed regarding optimal delivery method, cost-effectiveness and comparative-effectiveness.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018093171.
Technical and anatomical factors affecting intra-arterial chemotherapy fluoroscopy time and radiation dose for intraocular retinoblastoma
Authors: Area Corey , Yen Christopher J , Chevez-Barrios Patricia , Herzog Cynthia , Kan Peter , Zheng Wei , Lin Frank , Chintagumpala Murali , Gombos Dan , Chen Stephen R 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundIntra-arterial chemotherapy has an increasingly prominent role in the management of retinoblastoma. One concern regarding this technique is procedural radiation exposure.ObjectivesTo examine the effects of our institution’s procedural technique on fluoroscopy parameters for patients undergoing intra-arterial chemotherapy infusions for intraocular retinoblastoma. Secondary goals included describing the effect of anatomical variations of the carotid siphon and ophthalmic artery on radiation dose.MethodsA retrospective review of pediatric patients with retinoblastoma referred to interventional neuroradiology for chemosurgery was performed. Techniques were classified as: A (1.2 Fr or 1.5 Fr microcatheter with continuous verapamil flush, advanced without guide through a 2 Fr sheath) or B (1.5 Fr or 1.7 Fr microcatheter advanced within a 4 Fr base catheter, through a 4 Fr sheath). Statistical analysis was performed to determine if there was a significant difference in fluoroscopy parameters based on technique or due to anatomical variation.Results26 patients were treated with 94 intra-arterial chemotherapy infusions. 34 procedures were performed using technique A and 60 using technique B. Mean fluoroscopy time (4.75 min), fluoroscopy dose (23.3 mGy), and dose–area product (DAP; 85.2 μGy.m2) for technique A were significantly lower (p value <0.05) than for technique B, 14.0 min., 191 mGy, and 586 μGy.cm2, respectively.ConclusionsMicrocatheter-only technique with continuous verapamil infusion resulted in decreased fluoroscopy times, DAP, and radiation doses at our institution for the treatment of intraocular retinoblastoma. Furthermore, our fluoroscopy times using this technique are the lowest reported in the current literature. Additionally, our anatomical analysis has demonstrated a positive correlation between increasing vessel tortuosity and fluoroscopy times.
Embryos Arising from Apronuclear (0PN) and Unipronuclear (1PN) Have Similar Euploidy Rates with Those from 2PN and Should be Considered for Transfer
Authors: Lim Adelle Yun Xin , Lee Colin Soon Soo 
Published: June 2019

Background: Fertilisation assessment is routinely made at 16–18 hours post-ICSI and 18–20 hours post-insemination. However, the absence of pronuclei (PN) during standard fertilisation assessment does not necessarily indicate fertilisation failure. The aim of this study is to assess the chromosomal status of blastocysts derived from 0PN and 1PN zygotes as well as to assess the clinical outcome after transfer of such embryos. Methods: In this study, we use microarray comparative genomic hybridisation (MaCGH) or next generation sequencing (NGS) to analyse the chromosomal status of 271 blastocysts (204 from 2PN, 41 from 0PN, 26 from 1PN) obtained from 42 patients who underwent conventional IVF (cIVF) and ICSI cycles with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Results: Euploidy was confirmed in 126 (126/204; 61.8%), 31 (31/41; 75.6%) and 18 (18/26; 69.2%) 2PN-, 0PN- and 1PN-derived blastocysts respectively while the remaining 96 blastocysts displayed various chromosomal abnormalities. A Y-chromosome was observed in 0PN-derived blastocysts (19/41; 46.3%) and 1PN-derived blastocysts (13/26; 50%), indicating that sperm had penetrated the oocyte and not due to parthenogenetic activation. Four euploid 0PN-derived blastocysts were transferred to 4 patients and 3 healthy live births were achieved. Four euploid 1PN-derived blastocysts were transferred to 4 patients and 1 on-going pregnancy was achieved. Conclusion(s): 0PN- and 1PN-derived zygotes can be chromosomally normal and result in healthy live births. Such zygotes should not be discarded but instead be subjected to extended culture with PGT-A to ascertain the chromosomal and ploidy status and be considered for transfer.
Loss of ARID1A in Tumor Cells Renders Selective Vulnerability to Combined Ionizing Radiation and PARP Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Park Youngran , Chui M. Herman , Suryo Rahmanto Yohan , Yu Zheng-Cheng , Shamanna Raghavendra A. , Bellani Marina A. , Gaillard Stephanie , Ayhan Ayse , Viswanathan Akila , Seidman Michael M. , Franco Sonia , Leung Anthony K.L. , Bohr Vilhelm A. , Shih Ie-Ming , Wang Tian-Li 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Somatic inactivating mutations in ARID1A, a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, are detected in various types of human malignancies. Loss of ARID1A compromises DNA damage repair. The induced DNA damage burden may increase reliance on PARP-dependent DNA repair of cancer cells to maintain genome integrity and render susceptibility to PARP inhibitor therapy.
Experimental Design: Isogenic ARID1A−/− and wild-type cell lines were used for assessing DNA damage response, DNA compactness, and profiling global serine/threonine phosphoproteomic in vivo. A panel of inhibitors targeting DNA repair pathways was screened for a synergistic antitumor effect with irradiation in ARID1A−/− tumors.

Results:
ARID1A-deficient endometrial cells exhibit sustained levels in DNA damage response, a result further supported by in vivo phosphoproteomic analysis. Our results show that ARID1A is essential for establishing an open chromatin state upon DNA damage, a process required for recruitment of 53BP1 and RIF1, key mediators of non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) machinery, to DNA lesions. The inability of ARID1A−/− cells to mount NHEJ repair results in a partial cytotoxic response to radiation. Small-molecule compound screens revealed that PARP inhibitors act synergistically with radiation to potentiate cytotoxicity in ARID1A−/− cells. Combination treatment with low-dose radiation and olaparib greatly improved antitumor efficacy, resulting in long-term remission in mice bearing ARID1A-deficient tumors.

Conclusions:
ARID1A-deficient cells acquire high sensitivity to PARP inhibition after exposure to exogenously induced DNA breaks such as ionizing radiation. Our findings suggest a novel biologically informed strategy for treating ARID1A-deficient malignancies.
Combinatorial Therapy of Zinc Metallochaperones with Mutant p53 Reactivation and Diminished Copper Binding
Authors: Zaman Saif , Yu Xin , Bencivenga Anthony F. , Blanden Adam R. , Liu Yue , Withers Tracy , Na Bing , Blayney Alan J. , Gilleran John , Boothman David A. , Loh Stewart N. , Kimball S. David , Carpizo Darren R. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiation are more effective in wild-type (WT) p53 tumors due to p53 activation. This is one rationale for developing drugs that reactivate mutant p53 to synergize with chemotherapy and radiation. Zinc metallochaperones (ZMC) are a new class of mutant p53 reactivators that restore WT structure and function to zinc-deficient p53 mutants. We hypothesized that the thiosemicarbazone, ZMC1, would synergize with chemotherapy and radiation. Surprisingly, this was not found. We explored the mechanism of this and found the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity of ZMC1 negates the signal on p53 that is generated with chemotherapy and radiation. We hypothesized that a zinc scaffold generating less ROS would synergize with chemotherapy and radiation. The ROS effect of ZMC1 is generated by its chelation of redox active copper. ZMC1 copper binding (KCu) studies reveal its affinity for copper is approximately 108 greater than Zn2+. We identified an alternative zinc scaffold (nitrilotriacetic acid) and synthesized derivatives to improve cell permeability. These compounds bind zinc in the same range as ZMC1 but bound copper much less avidly (106- to 107-fold lower) and induced less ROS. These compounds were synergistic with chemotherapy and radiation by inducing p53 signaling events on mutant p53. We explored other combinations with ZMC1 based on its mechanism of action and demonstrate that ZMC1 is synergistic with MDM2 antagonists, BCL2 antagonists, and molecules that deplete cellular reducing agents. We have identified an optimal Cu2+:Zn2+ binding ratio to facilitate development of ZMCs as chemotherapy and radiation sensitizers. Although ZMC1 is not synergistic with chemotherapy and radiation, it is synergistic with a number of other targeted agents.
Stroke Incidence and Survival in American Indians, Blacks, and Whites: The Strong Heart Study and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Muller Clemma J. , Alonso Alvaro , Forster Jean , Vock David M. , Zhang Ying , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Rosamond Wayne , Longstreth W.T. , MacLehose Richard F. 
Published: June 2019

Background

American Indians (
AIs
) have high stroke morbidity and mortality. We compared stroke incidence and mortality in
AI
s, blacks, and whites.

Methods and Results

Pooled data from 2 cardiovascular disease cohort studies included 3182
AI
s from the SHS (Strong Heart Study), aged 45 to 74 years at baseline (1988–1990) and 3765 blacks and 10 413 whites from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study, aged 45 to 64 years at baseline (1987–1989). Stroke surveillance was based on self‐report, hospital records, and death certificates. We estimated hazard ratios for incident stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic combined) through 2008, stratified by sex and birth‐year tertile, and relative risk for poststroke mortality. Incident strokes numbered 282 for
AI
s, 416 for blacks, and 613 for whites. For women and men, stroke incidence among
AI
s was similar to or lower than blacks and higher than whites. Covariate adjustment resulted in lower hazard ratios for most comparisons, but results for these models were not always statistically significant. After covariate adjustment,
AI
women and men had higher 30‐day poststroke mortality than blacks (relative risk=2.1 [95% CI=1.0, 3.2] and 2.2 [95% CI=1.3, 3.1], respectively), and whites (relative risk=1.6 [95% CI=0.8, 2.5] and 1.7 [95% CI=1.1, 2.4]), and higher 1‐year mortality (relative risk range=1.3–1.5 for all comparisons).

Conclusions

Stroke incidence in
AI
s was lower than for blacks and higher than for whites; differences were larger for blacks and smaller for whites after covariate adjustment. Poststroke mortality was higher in
AI
s than blacks and whites.