bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global, regional, and national burdens of osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2021: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study
Authors: Li Han-Zheng , Liang Xue-Zhen , Sun Yi-Qing , Jia Hai-Feng , Li Jia-Cheng , Li Gang 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative joint disease and a major contributor to disability and elevated morbidity rates worldwide. This study assesses the epidemiological trends of OA from 1990 to 2021, analyzing data by sex, affected joint sites, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) across global, regional, and national levels.MethodsData on OA were obtained from the (Global Burden of Disease Study) 2021. The age-standardized rates (ASR) for OA were computed, and the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) in ASR were determined to evaluate trends in incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) over the past three decades. Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between ASR and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Additionally, Joinpoint regression software and age-period-cohort (APC) analysis were applied for a comprehensive examination of the OA data.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global burden of OA has markedly increased. In 2021, there were approximately 466.3 million new OA cases, with an ASR of incidence (ASIR) of around 535 per 100,000 population. The prevalence of OA reached about 606.9 million cases, and DALYs rose to approximately 213 million. The burden of OA is significantly higher in women compared to men, as reflected by higher ASR of incidence, prevalence, and DALYs associated with OA. In 2021, the ASR of incidence was positively associated with the SDI regions. Globally, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) remains the most common form of OA. Among the various risk factors, high body mass index (BMI) emerged as the most critical contributor to OA.ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2021, the global burden of OA has steadily increased, leading to a significant decline in health and overall quality of life. The global prevalence of OA indicates higher incidence rates among women and in countries with a higher SDI. Governments and policy makers globally must prioritize increasing awareness of the risk factors and consequences related to OA, promote early diagnostic and therapeutic services, and implement targeted interventions to mitigate the growing burden of OA.
Construction of nomogram model for risk of venous thromboembolism after spine surgery based on thromboelastography and coagulation indices
Authors: He Yongtao , Wang Zhen , Zheng Xiang , Zhang Xunmeng , Guo Lianjin 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo construct a nomogram model for the risk of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery based on thromboelastography and coagulation indices and give relevant verification.MethodsTwo hundred seventy-seven patients who underwent spinal surgery for spinal fractures admitted to our hospital were selected as the research subjects. According to whether venous thromboembolism occurred after surgery, they were divided into an occurrence group (confirmed by ultrasound or venography) of 34 cases and an absence group of 243 cases. The related materials, thromboelastograms and coagulation related indicators of the two groups were compared. The influencing factors of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression models. Based on the influencing factors, the Nomogram model of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery was established and its effectiveness was verified.ResultsThe proportion of patients whose age was ≥51 years old, the alpha Angle, the coagulation index (CI), the maximum thrombus amplitude (MA) and the levels of serum D-dimer (D–D), fibrinogen (FIB), fibrin degradation products (FDP), and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) in the occurrence group were all significantly higher than those in the non-occurrence group. The clot formation time (K) and coagulation reaction time (R) were all lower than those in the non-occurrence group (P &lt; 0.05). After Logistic multivariate analysis, alpha Angle, K, D-D, FDP, and TAT were all independent influencing factors of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery (P &lt; 0.05). Based on the independent influencing factors, the nomogram model of venous thromboembolism after spinal surgery was established, and the calibration curve was drawn. The consistency index was 0.838 (95% CI: 0.819–0.898), the goodness of fit test χ2 = 3.679, and P = 0.191 &gt; 0.05. The calibration curve had a high degree of fit with the ideal curve. The clinical decision curve indicates that the net benefit of the prediction model is higher when the threshold probability is 0.1–0.9.ConclusionA nomogram model based on alpha Angle, K, D-D, FDP, TAT and other independent influencing factors of venous thromboembolism in patients after spinal surgery has a high degree of fitting and high prediction value.
Screening and genome analysis of heat-resistant and antioxidant lactic acid bacteria from Holstein cow milk
Authors: Wang Jiali , Liu Yunjiang , Zheng Haohong , Xin Jialiang , Zhong Zhijun , Liu Haifeng , Huang Yixin , Fu Hualin , Zhou Ziyao , Peng Guangneng 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundHeat stress significantly impacts dairy cows, primarily through oxidative stress, which undermines their health. The problem is exacerbated by the ongoing global warming trend. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are safe, economical, and readily accessible options for enhancing the host’s antioxidant defenses and preventing oxidative damage. They have been proven effective in alleviating heat stress-related damage, making them an excellent choice for protecting dairy cows from the adverse effects of heat stress.MethodIn this study, five strains of LAB from Holstein cow milk (Lactobacillus plantarum L5, L14, L17, L19, L20) were evaluated for their heat resistance and antioxidant capacity by evaluating the growth characteristics and tolerance of the strains under high-temperature conditions, as well as their H2O2 tolerance, free radical scavenging ability (DPPH, OH−, ABTS), reducing ability, and EPS production ability. Furthermore, we employed Caco-2 cells to assess the adhesion rate of the strain, thereby confirming its ability to successfully colonize the host’s intestinal tract and ensuring the effective execution of its probiotic functions. The strain with excellent heat resistance and antioxidant capacity was then subjected to genomic analysis to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms behind their heat resistance, antioxidant capacity, and safety.ResultsAmong the two strains, Lactobacillus plantarum L19 emerges as a highly promising candidate. The strain exhibits robust growth even at high temperatures at 40°C and maintains a survival rate of 16.42% at the extreme temperature of 65°C. Furthermore, it demonstrates superior tolerance to hydrogen peroxide (27.3%), and possesses a notably higher free radical scavenging capacity with a high adhesion rate to Caco-2 cell (22.19%) compared to the other four strains tested. Genomic analysis revealed its’ genome has 17 genes related to antioxidants and three genes related to heat resistance. Importantly, L19 lacks any resistance genes, ensuring its safety as a probiotic.ConclusionThe results imply that Lactobacillus plantarum L19 has the potential to serve as an effective food additive in mitigating damages associated with heat stress. This research offers a valuable reference for the prevention and management of heat stress in dairy cows, while also expanding the scope of applications for LAB derived from cow milk.
Bioluminescent and fluorescent reporter-expressing recombinant Akabane virus (AKAV): an excellent tool to dissect viral replication
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Wang Fang , Zhao Jiangang , Qi Yinglin , Chang Jitao , Sun Chao , Jiang Zhigang , Ge Junwei , Yin Xin 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAkabane virus (AKAV) is a worldwide epidemic arbovirus belonging to the Bunyavirales order that predominantly infects livestock and causes severe congenital malformations. Reporter-expressing recombinant virus represents a powerful tool to characterize the viral biology in vitro and in vivo.MethodsIn this study, we have successfully established a reverse genetics system for AKAV. The recued virus possessed similar growth characteristics to the parental virus in vitro. Moreover, the recombinant AKAV reporter viruses expressing nanoluciferase (Nluc) or mWasabi were constructed by inserting into S segment, named rAKAV-Nluc and rAKAV-mWasabi, respectively.ResultsWe investigated the virological characteristics of rAKAV-Nluc and rAKAV-mWasabi and found that rAKAV-Nluc displayed similar growth kinetics as the parental virus and could stably produce the nano-luciferase even after 10 rounds of serial passages. rAKAV-mWasabi also exhibited comparable growth kinetics and genetic stability as the parental virus. We further used the two reporter viruses to test the susceptibility of different cell lines to AKAV and found that cell lines derived from various host species, including human, swine, cattle, and monkey enables AKAV replication efficiently, accelerating our understanding of the AKAV cell tropism range.DiscussionTaken together, our established reverse genetics system for AKAV provides more convenient screening tools and can be used to study AKAV virulence and tropism, and to elucidate the molecular biology of AKAV.
Hydrogen peroxide disrupts the regulatory pathway of saliva secretion in two salivary acinar rat cell lines
Authors: Golnarnik Golnaz , Søland Tine M. , Galtung Hilde K. , Haug Trude M. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundSecretion of saliva is controlled by autonomic nerve signals via regulation of Ca2+-dependent ion transport across acinar cell membranes. Oxidative stress may affect this process, leading to a decrease in saliva production. This study investigates elements of the Ca2+ regulatory pathway and their vulnerability to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.MethodsRat parotid and submandibular salivary gland acinar cell lines were exposed to different hydrogen peroxide concentrations to simulate oxidative stress. Cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species were measured, mRNA levels were assessed via RT-qPCR, and protein expression was studied using western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy.ResultsElevated concentrations of hydrogen peroxide reduced cell viability and increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and led to a decrease in cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 and adrenoreceptor alpha 1A mRNA and protein levels in both cell lines. In parotid gland cells, both mRNA and protein levels of stromal interaction molecule 1 and Orai1 decreased with increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, in submandibular gland cells stromal interaction molecule 1 and Orai1 displayed differential mRNA and protein expression levels.ConclusionOur study revealed that hydrogen peroxide exposure alters rat parotid and submandibular acinar cells, increasing reactive oxygen species and reducing autonomic receptor expression. Differential mRNA and protein expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 and Orai1 highlight complex oxidative stress effects on Ca2⁺ signaling. Most likely these effects will be deleterious to salivary secretion, but some effects may be protective.
Neuroinflammation modifies the relationship between stress and perivascular spaces in an elderly population with different levels of cognitive impairment
Authors: Sibilia Francesca , Sheikh-Bahaei Nasim , Mack Wendy J. , Barisano Giuseppe , Choupan Jeiran 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundPerivascular spaces (PVS) are fluid-filled spaces surrounding the brain parenchymal vasculature. Literature suggests that PVS may play a significant role in aging and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the relationship between MRI-visible PVS and stress is influenced by neuroinflammation in an elderly population with different levels of cognitive impairment.MethodsUsing brain MRI scans acquired at 1.5 T, PVS were quantified in a cohort of 461 individuals, consisting of cognitively healthy controls (n = 48), people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 322) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n = 91). PVS volume fraction was calculated in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale using a semi-automated segmentation approach. Stress was quantified with levels of salivary cortisol. Inflammatory biomarkers measured from plasma included cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and C-reactive protein. General linear models were used to test the relationship between PVS and cortisol, when interacting with inflammatory markers. This was done on the whole cohort and within each clinical cognitive group.ResultsIn the centrum semiovale, higher inflammation levels reduced the relationship of cortisol with PVS. In basal ganglia, higher levels of C-reactive protein reduced the negative relationship of cortisol with PVS. All analyses were accounted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and total hippocampal volume. There was a significant interaction effect between cortisol and C-reactive protein on PVS volume fraction in the MCI group.DiscussionThese findings suggest an influence of neuroinflammation on the PVS structure in Alzheimer’s disease spectrum, and offer insight for better understanding physiological processes of cognitive impairment onset.
A systematic review: enhancing stroke recovery through complementary interventions—Clinical outcomes and neural activity insights
Authors: Ismail Umi Nabilah , Yahya Noorazrul , Wan Zaidi Wan Asyraf , Law Zhe Kang , Abdul Manan Hanani 
Published: November 2024

The growing interest in complementary interventions for stroke recovery necessitates the need for neural insights to aid in making evidence-based clinical decisions. This systematic review examined the brain activation effects of complementary therapies, including acupuncture (n = 5), motor imagery therapy (MIT) (n = 5), music (n = 3), and virtual reality (VR) interventions (n = 3), on clinical outcomes and neural activity in stroke patients. All therapies engaged motor and sensory networks, frontal regions, parietal regions, and temporal regions, suggesting their potential to improve motor control, attention, memory, and cognitive function. Acupuncture activated motor areas in both hemispheres, while MIT stimulated frontoparietal regions in both sides of the brain, supporting whole-body integration in recovery. In contrast, VR therapy exhibited ipsilesional lateralization, while music therapy showed left-lateralization. The review also found that increased interhemispheric connectivity between motor regions, along with intrahemispheric ipsilesional connectivity between motor, cognitive, and sensory areas, is key to achieving better clinical outcomes.Systematic Review Registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier (ID: CRD42023455192).
Cortical structural network characteristics in non-cognitive impairment end-stage renal disease
Authors: Wang Yimin , Chen Shihua , Zhang Peng , Zhai Zixuan , Chen Zheng , Li Zhiming 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveExplore alterations in topological features of gray matter volume (GMV) and structural networks in non-cognitive impairment end-stage renal disease (Non-CI ESRD).Materials and methodsUtilizing graph theory, we collected structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data from 38 Non-CI ESRD patients and 50 normal controls (NC). We compared, and extracted the GMV across subject groups, constructed corresponding structural covariance networks (SCNs), and investigated the alterations in SCNs feature parameters between groups.ResultsIn Non-CI ESRD patients, The GMV were reduced in several brain regions, predominantly on the left side (p &lt; 0.05, FWE correction). The small-world network characteristics of the patient group’s brain networks showed a tendency toward regular. In a few densities, global network parameters, transitivity, (p &lt; 0.05) was significantly increased in the ESRD group. Regional network measurements revealed inconsistent changes in regional efficiency across different brain areas. In the analysis of network hubs, the right temporal pole is likely a compensatory hub for Non-CI ESRD patients. The SCNs in Non-CI ESRD patients demonstrated reduced topological stability against targeted attacks.ConclusionThis study reveals that patients with renal failure exhibited subtle changes in brain network characteristics even before a decline in cognitive scores. These changes involve compensatory activation in certain brain regions, which enhances network transitivity to maintain the efficiency of whole-brain network information integration without significant loss. Additionally, the SCNs characteristics can serve as a neuroanatomical marker for brain alterations in Non-CI ESRD patients, offering new insights into the mechanisms of early brain injury in ESRD patients.
Sex-specific difference for melanoma from immunotherapy advancement
Authors: Li Qianqian , Dong Ying , Ma Yujiao , Mo You , Yuan Jupeng , Liu Xu 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe evaluation of melanoma incidence and mortality trends based on population characteristics, with a particular focus on sex differences, is of utmost importance.MethodsThe gender-stratified analysis of melanoma mortality across various calendar years was conducted. Utilizing the Joinpoint software, we detected alterations in the incidence rates and delineated the mortality trends.ResultsMelanoma’s incidence-based mortality exhibited a rising trajectory between 2005 and 2010, characterized by an annual percent change (APC) of 2.95%. However, there was a significant decrease in mortality from 2015 to 2019, with an APC of -4.39%. Notably, the mortality among men decreased by about 5.84% between 2015 and 2019, while there was no significant downward trend in the mortality rate among women. Subsequent analysis revealed no statistically significant variation in the 2-year survival rate of female patients aged 45-54 years among different age groups (Z=-0.775, p &gt;0.1).ConclusionsBetween 2015 and 2019, against the backdrop of stable melanoma incidence rates in the United States, there was a significant decline in mortality. Our analysis suggests that the utilization of immunotherapy may account for the observed reduction in mortality, with particularly notable benefits for male patients. However, female patients, especially younger women, did not derive significant advantages.
Short-term effects of opioids during therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Jumani Tina , Mishra Priya , Robinson Tonya , Shenberger Jeffrey S. , Davis Jonathan M. , Sweigart Benjamin , Turcu Rodica M. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of opioids during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on short-term outcomes in neonates with neonatal encephalopathy (NE).MethodsMulticenter retrospective study of neonates with moderate/severe NE from Jan. 2013–Feb 2021. Opioid exposure was classified as positive (&gt;0.1 mg/kg) or negative (no exposure or ≤0.1 mg/kg) based on cumulative morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Negative binomial regression models were used to evaluate clinical outcomes.ResultsOne hundred and twenty neonates were included. Adjusted analyses indicated that opioid exposure was associated with an increase in (1) length of hospitalization, (2) hypotension/use of vasopressors, and (3) need for and longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Many findings persisted even after adjusting for site and the presence of confirmed seizures (a marker of disease severity).DiscussionOpioid use during TH was associated with adverse effects on short-term outcomes. Caution should be exercised when using opioids during TH until longer-term neurodevelopmental outcome studies can be conducted in larger cohorts.
Parental attitudes and perceptions towards the recruitment of children to clinical trials: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Safra Ibrahim Farhan , Alnaimi Shaikha Jabor , Gad Gehad , Abraham Aliamma , Al-Hammadi Ahmad Hassan , Bayoumi Mohammad A. A. , Alyafai Fawziya , Gad Ashraf 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundClinical trials (CTs) in children are critical for understanding and treating childhood diseases. However, there trials require prior permission from parents. We evaluated parental attitudes and perceptions regarding the recruitment of their children in CTs.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional survey questionnaire targeting parents of children admitted to the neonatal and pediatric departments in two tertiary hospitals in Qatar. The survey was administered by investigators and was composed of two domains to assess the knowledge and attitude of parents regarding children's enrollment in CTs, in addition to the participant's demographics domain.ResultsOf the 167 questionnaires offered to parents, we received a total of 138 responses, resulting in a response rate of 82.6%, with the majority being women (72%). Many parents (75%) expressed willingness to enroll their children in CTs. However, 66% opposed new experimental treatments for their child, while 41% agreed to new treatments if they had previously been used in the medical field. Logistic regression analysis revealed key predictors influencing parents’ decisions to include their children in CTs, including having a newborn (aOR = 17.651, p &lt; 0.001), families with five or more members (aOR = 3.293, p = 0.012), collecting blood samples (aOR = 8.602, p = 0.003), performing additional tests on collected samples (aOR = 4.115, p = 0.046), belief in helping others (aOR = 8.744, p = 0.002), and the option of home therapy (aOR = 7.090, p = 0.004).ConclusionMany parents are open to enrolling their children in CTs, particularly when treatments have been previously used. Factors like having a newborn, large family size, blood collection, additional tests, and home therapy influence their decisions. Clear communication can enhance recruitment in pediatric trials.
Association between different GLP-1 receptor agonists and acute pancreatitis: case series and real-world pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Guo Hui , Guo Qian , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Ze 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown notable advancements in managing blood sugar control. Nevertheless, there remains a gap in real-world data regarding the variation in acute pancreatitis (AP) risk among different GLP-1 RAs. Our study aimed to characterize and evaluate AP associated with different GLP-1 RAs (exenatide, lixisenatide, liraglutide, albiglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide and tirzepatide) in a public adverse events database and to review the relevant case reports.MethodsWe described a case series of patients experiencing AP while on GLP-1 RAs. Additionally, we utilized various algorithms including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) to analyze data from the Food and Drug Administration’s Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) regarding suspected adverse events of AP linked to GLP-1 RAs from January 2005 to September 2023.ResultsOur case series comprised thirty-nine patients who experienced AP events while on GLP-1 RAs. Within the FAERS database, we retrieved a total of 6,751 individual case safety reports (ICSRs) involving various GLP-1 RAs. The median age of the patients included in our study was 57 years (range: 14–99), with 98.3% of cases classified as serious. Signals indicating AP were observed across all GLP-1 RAs, with particular emphasis on exenatide and liraglutide.ConclusionThere is a notable reporting signal of AP associated with all GLP-1 RAs. Healthcare providers must remain vigilant and closely monitor this potentially life-threatening adverse event.