bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Autoimmune Neurologic Disorders
Authors: Flanagan Eoin , López-Chiriboga A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe field of autoimmune neurology is evolving rapidly. The discovery of autoantibodies that target neural antigens has expanded swiftly in the last decade. Recognition of the clinical syndromes associated with autoimmune neurologic disorders, and our understanding of the pathophysiology, has progressed significantly. Radiographic, electrophysiological, and laboratory testing (particularly neural autoantibody testing) are fundamental in the diagnosis of autoimmune neurological disorders and in the exclusion of mimics. Furthermore, investigations may serve as a baseline from which objective assessment of improvement or detection of relapse can be made. These disorders can be associated with underlying neoplasms, and screening for malignancy is an essential component of the investigations. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of immunotherapy can improve neurologic function. The use of immunotherapy, however, can be associated with diverse side effects, and careful monitoring is crucial to prevent complications. Herein the authors address the diagnostic and treatment approach of autoimmune neurologic disorders, with particular focus on antibody-mediated neurologic autoimmunity.
Autoimmune Movement Disorders
Authors: Fearon Conor , O'Toole Orna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAutoimmune movement disorders are rare but potentially treatable entities. They can present with an excess or paucity of movement and may have other associated neurological symptoms. These disorders were originally recognized by their classic clinical presentations and the cancers associated with them. Recent emphasis has been targeted on associated, and sometimes causative, antibodies. Although some disorders have stereotypical presentations, the spectrum of abnormalities reported in association with antibodies is widening. Determining whether antibodies are incidental or pathogenic and, hence, foregoing or commencing immunotherapy treatment can be challenging for practicing neurologists. Physicians often have to make the decision to empirically treat patients while awaiting test results. Due to the lack of randomized controlled trials, the ideal immunotherapy treatments and regimens are unknown. Patients with intracellularly targeted antibodies tend to fare less well, while those with extracellularly targeted antibody disorders often respond to treatments reducing antibody production. This review aims to summarize reported adult-onset autoimmune movement disorders to date, and to provide a template for the workup and treatment of suspected disorders. Rarer antibodies that are not yet fully characterized, or reported in a few cases only, will not be covered in detail as these are not likely to be readily commercially available. Childhood disorders will be only be mentioned briefly in the discussion, as there is a separate article in this issue on autoimmune neurologic diseases in children.
Eine strukturierte und fotografische Dokumentation der Vakuumentbindung
Authors: Burkhardt Tilo , Zimmermann Roland 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungEine fotografische Dokumentation der Vakuummarke am kindlichen Kopf macht die korrekte Platzierung der Vakuumglocke reproduzierbar und hilft insbesondere bei der Senkung der maternalen Morbidität infolge einer Vakuumentbindung.
Bestimmung des größten Fruchtwasserdepots oder des Amnionfluidex zur Vorhersage eines schlechten Outcomes (SAFE trial): eine multizentrische randomisiert-kontrollierte Studie
Authors: Kehl Sven 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungZiel dieser randomisiert-kontrollierten Multizenterstudie war die Überprüfung, welche Methode – Amnionfluidindex (AFI) oder tiefstes Fruchtwasserdepot (engl. single deepest pocket, SDP) besser geeignet ist, bei einem Niedrig- und Hoch-Risiko-Kollektiv einen schlechten Outcome vorherzusagen. An 4 universitären Perinatalzentren wurden Schwangere am Termin eingeschlossen und ab 37+0 SSW in eine Fruchtwasserbeurteilung, entweder mit dem AFI oder SDP, randomisiert. Die Gruppen unterschieden sich hinsichtlich des primären Zielparameters (Rate an neonatalen Verlegungen in die Kinderklinik) nicht, jedoch in Bezug auf die sekundären Parameter: in der AFI-Gruppe wurde signifikant häufiger die Diagnose Oligohydramnion gestellt (9,8 vs. 2,2%), aufgrund dessen häufiger eine Geburtseinleitung durchgeführt (12,7 vs. 3,6%) und öfter pathologische CTGs gefunden (32,3 vs. 26,2%). Keine Methode war der anderen überlegen, einen schlechten perinatalen Outcome vorherzusagen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Diagnose „Oligohydramnion“ und die daraus folgende Rate an Geburtseinleitungen waren aber höher, wenn die AFI-Methode verwendet wurde.
Multidecadal, county-level analysis of the effects of land use, Bt cotton, and weather on cotton pests in China
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lu Yanhui , van der Werf Wopke , Huang Jikun , Wu Feng , Zhou Ke , Deng Xiangzheng , Jiang Yuying , Wu Kongming , Rosegrant Mark W. 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceChanges in land use, climate, and agricultural technologies affect pest severity and management. We analyzed long-term longitudinal data (1991–2015) on three major cotton pests for 51 Chinese counties.Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) insect-resistant cotton had pervasive effects on the whole pest complex and its management. Adoption resulted in major reductions in insecticide use against bollworm. The resulting restoration of aphid biocontrol decreased aphid severity. Mirid bug severity increased, aided by higher May temperatures and reduced insecticide sprays against bollworm. Landscape effects on pest severity varied between species. Farmers sprayed at nondamaging infestation levels. Findings support Bt-based plant resistance as a component of integrated pest management (IPM) but highlight the potential for unintended outcomes for the whole pest complex and the importance of climate change.
Linear response of east Greenland’s tidewater glaciers to ocean/atmosphere warming
Authors: Cowton T. R. , Sole A. J. , Nienow P. W. , Slater D. A. , Christoffersen P. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet is expected to be a major contributor to 21st Century sea-level rise, but projections retain substantial uncertainty due to the challenges of modeling the retreat of the tidewater outlet glaciers that drain from the ice sheet into the ocean. Despite the complexity of these glacier–fjord systems, we find that over a 20-y period much of the observed tidewater glacier retreat can be explained as a predictable response to combined atmospheric and oceanic warming, bringing us closer to incorporating these effects into the ice sheet models used to predict sea-level rise.
Deep mutational analysis reveals functional trade-offs in the sequences of EGFR autophosphorylation sites
Authors: Cantor Aaron J. , Shah Neel H. , Kuriyan John 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic tail of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by its kinase domain propagates a rich variety of information downstream of growth factor binding. The amino acid sequences surrounding each phosphorylation site encode the extent of phosphorylation as well as the extent of binding by multiple effector proteins. By profiling the kinase activity of EGFR alongside the binding specificities of an SH2 domain and a PTB domain for thousands of defined phosphorylation site sequences, we discovered that the sequences surrounding the phosphorylation sites in EGFR are not optimal and that discrimination against phosphorylation by cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases such as c-Src and c-Abl is likely to have shaped the evolution of these sequences.
Pupil mimicry promotes trust through the theory-of-mind network
Authors: Prochazkova Eliska , Prochazkova Luisa , Giffin Michael Rojek , Scholte H. Steven , De Dreu Carsten K. W. , Kret Mariska E. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Trusting others is central for cooperative endeavors to succeed. To decide whether to trust or not, people generally make eye contact. As pupils of interaction partners align, mimicking pupil size helps them to make well-informed trust decisions. How the brain integrates information from the partner and from their own bodily feedback to make such decisions was unknown because previous research investigated these processes separately. Herein, we take a multimethod approach and demonstrate that pupil mimicry is regulated by the theory-of-mind network, and informs decisions of trust by activating the precuneus. This evolutionary ancient neurophysiological mechanism that is active in human adults, infants, and chimpanzees promotes affiliation, bonding, and trust through mimicry.
A quantitative perspective on modality and future tense in French and German
Authors: Hütsch Annalena 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter looks at modal nuances conveyed by future tenses in French (futur simple, futur antérieur) and German (Futur I, Futur II) via a corpus-based study, using comparable newspaper corpora (Le Monde, Süddeutsche Zeitung). In addition to a qualitative analysis based on an enunciative approach to modal forms (Rossari 2016), we will adopt a quantitative perspective in order to elicit statistical evidence on the nature and degree of modality expressed by the future tense in daily newspapers. Besides the fact that modal use of future tenses is rather rare in both languages compared to their temporal use, the quantitative analysis shows that French appears to have a more modal use of future tense than German in the text type sampled.
Non-finiteness, complementation and evidentiality
Authors: Usonienė Aurelija , Vincent Nigel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The relatedness of non-finite constructions and evidentiality has been observed in various European languages. Passive matrix verbs plus infinitive in English, the corresponding though less productive pattern in Dutch, reportive passives in Danish, and evidential participial constructions in Lithuanian have all received attention in the literature. We continue this line of investigation, focussing on the Accusativus cum Participio, found in contemporary Lithuanian only with verbs of communication, cognition and perception. Our quantitative and qualitative corpus-based analysis investigates its distribution in different types of discourse and provides evidence to support the claim that the use of the non-agreeing ‘be’-participle is obligatory because it marks a proposition. We compare our account with similar uses of non-finite verb in other languages.
Phraseological usage patterns of past tenses
Authors: Wicher Oliver 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter presents a corpus-driven investigation into usage patterns of the French past tenses passé composé and imparfait. Using a new reference corpus of French, the Corpus de référence du français contemporain, and adopting a construction grammar perspective, we analyze past-tense occurrences of two highly frequent polysemous verbs, vouloir ‘want’ and voir ‘see’. Assuming that the two tenses are an alternation phenomenon, collostructions can be identified that differ in terms of their attracted complements. These highly distinctive collexemes indicate phraseological uses of past-tensed verbs whose tense choice is constrained. The results provide further evidence for the inseparability of lexis and grammar and the semantic-pragmatic shifts that are prevalent in past-tense constructions of highly frequent polysemous verbs.
Affordances and challenges of digital reading for individuals with different learning profiles
Authors: Ben-Yehudah Gal , Hautala Jarkko , Padeliadu Susana , Antoniou Faye , Petrová Zuzana , Leppänen Paavo H.T. , Barzillai Mirit 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The ability to successfully learn using digital media is becoming one of the most important skills for students of the 21st century and requires a range of cognitive and metacognitive skills. Children with learning disabilities, however, often have weaknesses with these skills, and may experience difficulties reading and understanding texts presented digitally. On the other hand, digital texts allow for different supports that may be beneficial for children with learning disabilities. Thus, it is important to examine the influence of digital environments on the reading abilities of individuals with specific learning difficulties. In this chapter, we review both the challenges and affordances of digital environments for individuals with reading difficulties and attention deficits. We then examine the contribution of digital interventions and electronic books to the promotion of literacy skills in these populations. We conclude with a call for more rigorous research to understand the challenges that children with different learning profiles face when learning with digital materials.
Effects of task supported language teaching on learners’ use and knowledge of email request mitigators
Authors: Alcón-Soler Eva 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The present study examines whether task supported language teaching (TSLT) has an impact on L2 English learners’ use and knowledge of request mitigators, assessing the impact of student-students vs. teacher-students interactions on students’ attention to pragmatics during task-based interaction. Forty-eight students of English at a Spanish university participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the student-students interaction group (N = 16), the teacher-students interaction group (N = 16), and the control group (N = 16). Data were collected in pre-test, post-test and delayed post-test email tasks and analysed for frequency of use of request mitigators. Participants’ self-evaluations of email appropriateness were also used to examine whether TSLT facilitated knowledge of request mitigators during student-students and teacher-students tasks performance. In addition, interactions during the TSLT treatment were recorded and analysed for pragmatic related episodes (Taguchi & Kim, 2014) on request-making expressions. Findings from the study showed positive effects of TSLT on learners’ use of request mitigators. In addition, differences were found in the impact of the participatory structure on students’ level of interactional engagement during task performance, which seems to have an impact on pragmatic learning outcomes. More specifically, in teacher-students interaction students hardly ever paid attention towards pragmatics, but if they did, it had an impact on the students’ knowledge of request mitigators. On the contrary, metapragmatic discussion in student-students interaction seemed to trigger attention towards pragmatics and enhanced students’ awareness of how to mitigate email requests.
Assessing functional adequacy of L2 performance in a task-based approach
Authors: Kuiken Folkert , Vedder Ineke 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
When assessing L2 performance in task-based research, dimensions of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) have typically been evaluated. Less attention has, however, been devoted to the functional dimension. This paper argues that it is critical to consider the functional dimension of L2 performance in addition to complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Functional adequacy as a task-related construct is viewed in the present study as a component of L2 pragmatics, referring to the appropriateness and felicity of the utterances of the speaker/writer within a particular context, and evaluated by the listener/reader. The study investigates the applicability of a rating scale developed for the assessment of functional adequacy in the L2, considered from the perspective of task-based language teaching (TBLT) and task-based language assessment (TBLA), as successful task completion. In the rating scale, four components of functional adequacy are distinguished: content, task requirements, comprehensibility, and coherence and cohesion. A group of non-expert raters judged the oral and written samples of two groups of university students of Dutch L2 and Italian L2. The results show that the scale appears to be a reliable and efficient tool for assessing the functional adequacy of written and spoken L2 production.
Historic preservation as a community development tool in legacy city neighbourhoods
Authors: Kinahan Kelly L 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
For legacy cities, population decline and economic restructuring contributed to the challenges facing their built environments including low demand, oversupply, and high rates of vacancy and abandonment. Amidst this backdrop, there is intense pressure for demolition, yet legacy cities also possess rich stocks of historic resources that can potentially serve as physical assets for community development. Market-based historic preservation incentives such as historic rehabilitation tax credit (RTC) programs are important tools for facilitating reinvestment in legacy cities. These tools are also criticized for primarily benefiting the real estate developers spearheading these projects or creating inequitable neighbourhood change. This research analyzes federal historic RTC projects in two St. Louis, Missouri neighbourhoods – Lafayette Square and Midtown Alley – between 1997 and 2010 and asks: in what ways do investments supported by historic tax credit programs function as a tool for legacy city community development? Through interviews and document analysis, I find that historic tax credit projects support neighbourhood stabilization by minimizing vacancies and shifting redevelopment approaches away from demolition and towards preservation. These projects help build capacity among real estate developers to take on historic preservation redevelopments in other neighbourhoods. However, residents and community-based organizations are often disconnected from these projects, limiting their usefulness as a community development tool.
The Treatment of Severe Congenital Scoliosis Associated With Type I Split Cord Malformation: Is a Preliminary Bony Septum Resection Always Necessary?
Authors: Huang Zifang , Li Xueshi , Deng Yaolong , Sui Wenyuan , Fan Hengwei , Yang Jingfan , Yang Junlin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Single-stage spine-shortening osteotomy without treating spinal cord malformations may have potential advantages for the treatment of severe congenital scoliosis (CS) with type I split spinal cord malformation (SSCM); however, the study of this technique was limited.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single-stage spine-shortening osteotomy in the treatment of severe CS associated with type I SSCM.

METHODS
A retrospective study was designed to compare 2 case series including 12 severe CS patients with type I SSCM and 26 patients with type A cord function (without spinal cord malformations, evoked potential abnormalities, and neurological dysfunctions preoperatively) treated with a single-stage spine-shortening posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR). Patient demographic, clinical, operative, and radiographic data were obtained and compared between groups.

RESULTS
The surgical procedure was successfully performed in both groups, and the patients were observed for an average of 44.9 mo (range 25-78 mo) after the initial surgery. The radiographic parameters, intraoperative data, and new neurological deficits showed no difference, while deformity angular ratio (SSCM group: control group = 16.6 ± 3.6: 20.1 ± 3.9, P = .01) and corrective rate (SSCM group: control group = 50%: 58%, P = .046) of the main curve were statistically different between groups. All of the new neurological deficits were recovered within 1 yr.

CONCLUSION
The single-stage spine-shortening PVCR with moderate correction could be applied to the treatment of CS associated with type I SSCM. This strategy can achieve safe spinal deformity correction while obviate the neurological complications brought by the detethering procedures, which merits further clinical investigation.
Segregation of dopamine and glutamate release sites in dopamine neuron axons: regulation by striatal target cells
Authors: Fortin Guillaume M. , Ducrot Charles , Giguère Nicolas , Kouwenhoven Willemieke M. , Bourque Marie-Josée , Pacelli Consiglia , Varaschin Rafael Koerich , Brill Marion , Singh Sherdeep , Wiseman Paul W. , Trudeau Louis-Éric 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTDopamine (DA) is a key regulator of circuits controlling movement and motivation. A. subset of midbrain DA neurons has been shown to express the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT)2, underlying their capacity for glutamate release. Glutamate release is found mainly by DA neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and can be detected at terminals contacting ventral, but not dorsal, striatal neurons, suggesting the possibility that target‐derived signals regulate the neurotransmitter phenotype of DA neurons. Whether glutamate can be released from the same terminals that release DA or from a special subset of axon terminals is unclear. Here, we provide in vitro and in vivo data supporting the hypothesis that DA and glutamate‐releasing terminals in mice are mostly segregated and that striatal neurons regulate the cophenotype of midbrain DA neurons and the segregation of release sites. Our work unveils a fundamental feature of dual neurotransmission and plasticity of the DA system.—Fortin, G. M., Ducrot, C., Giguère, N., Kouwenhoven, W. M., Bourque, M.‐J., Pacelli, C., Varaschin, R. K., Brill, M., Singh, S., Wiseman, P. W., Trudeau, L.‐E. Segregation of dopamine and glutamate release sites in dopamine neuron axons: regulation by striatal target cells. FASEB J. 33, 400–417 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Ocular allergy as a risk factor for dry eye in adults and children
Authors: Villani Edoardo , Rabbiolo Giovanni , Nucci Paolo 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
To provide an overview of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the correlation between ocular allergy and dry eye disease (DED), highlighting how the first condition may be a risk factor for the second one.

Recent findings
Recent advances in our comprehension of the pathogenesis of ocular allergy and DED allow identifying several pathways of interaction between these two conditions. A growing body of evidence supports the role of ocular allergy as a risk factor for DED. Ocular allergy, particularly the severe forms of keratoconjunctivitis, can impact on different key mechanisms of the DED vicious cycle, including tear film instability, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities.

Summary
Ocular allergy and DED are two common, relevant, symptomatic, not mutually exclusive conditions affecting the ocular surface. They share some clinical and biochemical features. To better understand the complex interactions between these two conditions, it's essential to consider the very wide spectrum of clinical conditions included in the term ocular allergy and the still largely unexplored peculiarities of the pediatric ocular surface physio-pathology and DED.