bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of geriatric depression in the Kavre district, Nepal: Findings from a cross sectional community survey
Authors: Manandhar Kedar , Risal Ajay , Shrestha Oshin , Manandhar Nirmala , Kunwar Dipak , Koju Rajendra , Holen Are 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract

Background: The increasing elderly population worldwide is likely to increase mental health problems such as geriatric depression, which has mostly been studied in high-income countries. Similar studies are scarce in low-and-middle-income-countries like Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based, door-to-door survey was conducted in randomly selected rural and urban population clusters of the Kavre district, Nepal. Trained nurses (field interviewers) administered structured questionnaires that included a validated Nepali version of the Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-15) for identifying geriatric depression among the elderly (≥60 years) participants (N=460). Those scoring ≥6 on GDS-15 were considered depressed. Logistic regression analysis explored the associations of geriatric depression with regard to socio-demographic information, life style, family support and physical well-being.

Results: Of the total 460 selected elderly participants, 439 (95.4%) took part in the study. More than half of them were females (54.2%). The mean age was 70.9 (± 8.6) years. Approximately half (50.6%) were rural inhabitants, the majority (86.1%) were illiterate, and about three-fifths (60.1%) were living with their spouses. The gender-and-age adjusted prevalence of geriatric depression was 53.1%. Geriatric depression was significantly associated with rural habitation (AOR 1.6), illiteracy (AOR 2.1), limited time provided by families (AOR 1.8), and exposure to verbal and/or physical abuse (AOR 2.6).

Conclusion: Geriatric depression is highly prevalent in Kavre, Nepal. The findings call for urgent prioritization of delivery of elderly mental health care services in the country.

Keywords: depression, elderly, lifestyle, mental health, prevalence
Sociodemographic characteristics associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences, a latent class analysis. The Norwegian WIRUS screening study.
Authors: Skogen Jens Christoffer , Bøe Tormod , Thørrisen Mikkel Magnus , Riper Heleen , Aas Randi Wågø 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: For alcohol, the association with socioeconomic status (SES) is different than for other public health challenges – the associations are complex, and heterogeneous between socioeconomic groups. Specifically, the relationship between alcohol consumption per se and adverse health consequences seems to vary across SES. This observation is called the ‘alcohol harm paradox’. This study aims to describe different patterns of alcohol use and potential problems. Next, the associations between sub-groups characterized by different patterns of alcohol use and potential problems, and age, gender, educational level, full-time employment, occupational level and income is analysed.
Methods: Employing data from the ongoing cross-sectional WIRUS-study, N=4,311 participants were included in the present study. Individual response patterns of the ten-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were analysed and latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify latent groups. Next, the associations between the classes identified in the best fitting LCA-model and sociodemographic factors were analysed and presented.
Results: We identified three classes based on the response patterns on AUDIT. Class 1 was characterised by low-level alcohol consumption and very low probability of negative alcohol-related consequences related to their alcohol consumption. Class 2 was characterised by a higher level of consumption, but despite this, class 2 also had a relatively low probability of reporting negative alcohol-related consequences. Class 3, however, was characterised by high levels of alcohol consumption, and a high probability of reporting negative consequences of their consumption. The classes identified were systematically differentially associated with the included measures of SES, with class 3 characterised by younger age, more males and lower educational attainment.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the interconnectedness of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Further, our related the identified classes and SES yields further insights into to intricate relationship between various socioeconomic factors, alcohol use patterns and related negative consequences.
Rice of Northeast India harbor rich genetic diversity as measured by SSR markers and Zn/Fe content
Authors: Surname Vanlalsanga No , Singh Sagolshem Priyokumar , Singh Yengkhom Tunginba 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops of the world and a major staple food for half of the World’s human population. The Northeastern (NE) region of India lies in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot and about 45% of the total flora of the country is found in the region. Local rice cultivars from different states of NE India were analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure using microsatellite markers, and their zinc and iron content. Results A total of 149 bands were detected using twenty-two microsatellite markers comprising both random and trait-linked markers, showing 100% polymorphism and high value of expected heterozygosity (0.6311) and the polymorphism information content (0.5895). Nali Dhan cultivar of Arunachal Pradesh possessed the highest genetic diversity (0.3545) among studied populations while Moirangphou Khonganbi of Manipur exhibited the lowest genetic diversity (0.0343). The model-based population structure revealed that all the studied 65 rice cultivars were grouped into two clusters. Cluster I was represented by 36 cultivars and cluster II by 29 cultivars. Badalsali cultivar of Assam possessed the highest Zn content (75.8 μg/g) and Kapongla from Manipur possessed the lowest (17.98 μg/g). The highest and the lowest Fe content was found in Fazu (215.62 μg/g) and Idaw (11.42 μg/g) of Mizoram. Conclusion The result suggested rice cultivars of NE India possessing high genetic diversity (Nali Dhan), high Zn (Badalsali) and Fe (Fazu) content can be useful as a source of germplasm for future rice improvement programs.
Persistent domestic circulation of African swine fever virus in Tanzania, 2010-2017
Authors: Yona Clara M. , Vanhee Merijn , Simulundu Edgar , Makange Mariam , Nauwynck Hans , Misinzo Gerald 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral hemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs that threatens livelihoods and food security. In Africa, ASF virus (ASFV) circulates in sylvatic (transmission between warthogs and soft argasid ticks) and domestic (transmission between domestic pigs) cycles, with outbreaks resulting from viral spill-over from sylvatic cycle. The present study investigated ASFV transmission patterns through virus genotyping. Results Genotypes II, IX, X, XV and XVI of ASFV were found to circulate and maintained by transmission between domestic pigs. Methods In addition to archived samples, tissue samples were collected from domestic pigs during outbreaks at different locations in Tanzania between 2015 and 2017 followed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of B646L gene of ASFV. Conclusion Maintenance of ASFV in the domestic cycle was due to bleach of quarantine and transportation of affected pigs via major highways. Appropriate control measures including sanitary measures at the slaugher slabs and quarantine measures adherence are recommended to prevent ASF emergence and re-emergence in Tanzania. Transportation of pig and pig products for regional market should be controlled to prevent ASFV spreading to other states of the East African Community , as ASFV genotype II has spread beyond its geographical range.
Trajectory of serum uric acid as a predictor for renal outcome and mortality in stage -3 chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Tsai Shangfeng , Chen Cheng-Hsu , Wu Ming-Ju , Lee Chia-Lin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
IntroductionUric acid (UA) is associate with renal and patient survival but the association is causal in nature remains unclear. Also, no finding is yet available regarding longitudinal UA control (trajectory). Methods We enrolled 808 subjects diagnosed with stage 3 CKD from 2007 to 2017. We plotted based on follow-ups the mean UA over a period of 6 months with a minimum of three samples of UA was required. From the sampled points, we generated for each patient an interpolated line by joining mean values of the UA levels over time. And from the lines from all patients, we classified them into three groups of trajectories (low, medium and high UA) through group-based trajectory modeling, and then further separated into either a treatment or no-treatment subgroups. Using the univariate competing-risks regression, we calculated the competing risk analysis with subdistribution hazard ratio of possible confounders.Results All of the 6 trajectories appeared as gradually falling functions with time without any of the curves crossed over one another. For all-cause mortality risk, none of the variables was statistically significant. Patients with DM were statistically more likely to undergo dialysis. There was also a trend that the on-treatment trajectories, compared to their no-treatment trajectories, had lower risks for dialysis.Conclusions Initial treatment of UA is utterly important. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors may lead to renal protection without effects on patient death, independent from the UA-lowering effects. This is the first study on the long-term effects of UA trajectory on patient survivals and renal outcomes.
Bioinformatic prospecting identified 99 novel, misannotated and unnoticed putative circular bacteriocins
Authors: Vezina Ben , Rehm Bernd H.A. , Smith Andrew T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Circular bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria with a N and C termini ligation. They have desirable properties such as activity at low concentrations along with thermal, pH and proteolytic resistance. There are nineteen experimentally confirmed circular bacteriocins as part of bacteriocin gene clusters, with transport, membrane and immunity proteins. Traditionally, novel antimicrobials are found by testing large numbers of isolates against indicator strains, with no promise of corresponding novel sequence. Through bioprospecting publicly available sequence databases, we identified ninety-nine circular bacteriocins across a variety of bacteria bringing the total to 118. They were grouped into two families within class IIc (IIc i and ii) and further divided into subfamilies based on similarity to experimentally confirmed circular bacteriocins. Within subfamilies, sequences overwhelmingly shared similar characteristics such as sequence length, presence of a polybasic region, conserved locations of aromatic residues, C and N termini, gene clusters similarity, translational coupling and hydrophobicity profiles. At least ninety were predicted to be putatively functional based on gene clusters. Furthermore, bacteriocins identified from Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species may have activity against clinically relevant strains, due to the presence of putative immunity genes required for expression in a toxin-antitoxin system. Some strains such as Paenibacillus larvae subsp. pulvifaciens SAG 10367 contained multiple circular bacteriocin gene clusters from different subfamilies, while some strains such as Bacillus cereus BCE-01 contained clusters with multiple circular bacteriocin structural genes. Sequence analysis provided rapid insight into identification of novel, putative circular bacteriocins, as well as conserved genes likely essential for circularisation. This represents an expanded library of putative antimicrobial proteins which are potentially active against human, plant and animal pathogens.
Determinants of application of the multilevel approach in management of a non-communicable disease in Denmark
Authors: Noor Fadumo Abdi , Søndergaard Jens , Gulis Gabriel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Working at multiple levels (intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural) and within multiple settings (medical, communities/municipalities, regional, and governmental) plays a significant role in promoting health and preventing chronic diseases. We analyzed determinants of the use of multilevel approach-based work on the example of the management of type II diabetes in the Region of Southern Denmark.Method A qualitative interview study comprising 19 individual interviews with health professionals at different levels and two focus group interviews with diabetes patients in municipalities of the Region of Southern Denmark.Results Communication, funding, lack of clarity of content and aims of collaboration, and organizational, structural, and legislative issues were identified as the main barriers to effective multilevel approach-based management of type II diabetes.Conclusion Organizational, structural and capacity-related barriers should be addressed in order to develop an effective multilevel public health approach to target type II diabetes and potentially other non-communicable diseases.
Open Partial Nephrectomy without Ischemia
Authors: rabani seyed mohammadreza , Mousavizadeh Ali , rabani seyedhossein 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Vascular clamping during partial nephrectomy could induce to renal ischemia and kidney’s damage due to reperfusion injuries. Adverse effect on renal function can be eliminated by Zero ischemia techniques.The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of performing partial nephrectomy under a situation of being ready to clamping renal artery.
Methods: 24 patients with solitary small renal masses were recruited to the study between 2013and 2018. Open partial nephrectomy was performed for them. During the time corresponding to hilar vessels clamping in standard procedures, we have reached to the renal artery and ready for clamping if needed, and in this situation resection of the mass was assessed.
Results The mean age of patients was 42 years. The tumor resection time was 22 minutes averagely. The median procedure time was 92 minutes, Clear cell RCC was found in 19 patients, papillary RCC in 3 and oncocytoma in 2 with no positive surgical cancerous margin in specimens. Lower pole, midzone and upper pole masses were found consequently in14, 2 and 8 cases.
Conclusions: Although this technique could be a dangerous decision making in a well exposed renal artery, especially in Polar Regions, the tumor resection can be safely conducted without ischemia.
Management of stretched scar– induced secondary strabismus
Authors: Farid Mohamed F , Awwad Mohamed A , Mahmoud Mohamed R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: To determine characteristics and management of consecutive or recurrent strabismus secondary to stretched scar. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with late secondary consecutive or recurrent strabismus due to stretched scar from 2012 to 2017. The diagnosis of stretched scar was made in any case of late (≥ 1 month) consecutive or recurrent strabismus associated with underaction of the previously operated muscle. The diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively by negative forced duction test and the characteristic appearance of the scar tissue. Surgical correction involved excision of the scar tissue with muscle re-attachment to the sclera using non-absorbable sutures. Study parameters include improvement in secondary deviations, degree of muscle underaction and diplopia. RESULTS: 21 consecutive and 6 recurrent cases of stretched scar –induced strabismus were identified and all cases were associated with variable degrees of limited ocular duction. After surgical correction of the stretched scar, consecutive deviations in the form of consecutive esotropia and exotropia were corrected by means of 26.1PD and 65.6PD while recurrent deviations in the form recurrent exotropia and recurrent hypertropia were corrected by means of 34.3PD and 11PD respectively with significant improvement of limited ocular ductions. 21 patients had diplopia at presentation and all were improved after surgery. CONCLUSION: management of stretched scar –induced secondary strabismus by excision of the stretched scar and muscle fixation to the sclera using non-absorbable sutures significantly corrects secondary deviations and improves limitation of ocular duction.
Protein Remote Homology Detection Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Wang Yu , Bao JunPeng , Huang Fangfang , Du Jianqiang , Li Yongfeng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Protein remote homology detection has long received great attention in the field of bioinformatics, but the property of low protein sequence similarities heavily influences the accuracy of detection. Recently, such deep learning methods as LSTM have been adopted to deal with the problem. However, LSTM-based models will consume much time during the training process because of their cyclic connection mechanism and such problem will become more serious when dealing with long protein sequences. Results: In this paper, we propose a CNN-based network, called ConvRes, to address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing methods in this field, which combines a variant Inception and Resnet block. Experimental results show that (1) this CNN-based network can classify the family of the remote homology proteins with comparable precision to the existing state-of-art method (ProDec-BLSTM) on the SCOP benchmark dataset. (2) ConvRes consumes less time with using only 15000 seconds whereas ProDec-BLSTM taking 150000 seconds. Conclusion: This paper showcases that our proposed ConvRes network outperforms other existing models with regard to detecting remote homology proteins. The experimental results prove ConvRes network to be a viable and efficient model for remote homology protein detection. In the future work, we will improve the performance of ConvRes network by using other dataset and explore new representations to adapt for variable-length sequences.
Clinical pictures, treatments, resource use, and costs of norovirus gastroenteritis in long-term care facilities: A survey with a chart review in Japan
Authors: Fujiki Saori , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Outbreaks of norovirus infection can have detrimental impacts on long-term care facilities. This study investigated the incidence, clinical picture, treatment, resource use, and costs of norovirus gastroenteritis in long-term care facilities.

Methods

Nineteen facilities in Osaka and Kyoto, Japan participated in questionnaire surveys conducted between 2009 and 2011 regarding the incidence of norovirus gastroenteritis. From clinical charts, the characteristics, symptoms, and treatment of infected residents were analyzed. Total drug cost per infected resident was calculated by multiplying the unit price for each drug by the daily dose and the number of days administered and summing the costs for each drug (USD 1 = JPY 100).

Results

Over the 3-year period, 8 outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis occurred in 6 facilities. The mean clinical course of 107 infected residents in five facilities that granted permission to examine patients’ medical records was 4 days, with all but one resident presenting with vomiting and/or diarrhea, and 84 (79%) also presenting with associated symptoms. Of 107 infected residents, 72 (67%) were isolated. The proportion of infected residents isolated varied from 50% to 100% depending on the facility. Of the infected residents, 81 (76%) received some type of medication, the most common being infusion (67 patients, 63%) and antibiotics (30 patients, 28%). The median total cost of all drugs administered was USD 4.4, and the median drug cost per infected resident per day was USD 2.0. Total drug cost over the entire treatment period was the highest for antibiotics, at USD 8.6.

Conclusion

Clinical course was similar to those of norovirus cases examined at other facilities. The majority of infected residents received some type of medication. Although the economic burden was not large, not a few infected residents were given antibiotics, which are ineffective for norovirus.
Potential and realised endozoochorous dispersal by herbivores and omnivores in a Caspian forest steppe area
Authors: Karimi Sorour , Hemami Mahmoud-Reza , Esfahani Mostafa Tarkesh , Baltzinge Christophe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Among other factors, feeding regimes of different mammals affect their roles as endozoochorous seed dispersal vectors. We thus conducted a cross-species comparative approach involving two herbivores, red and roe deer; and two omnivores and opportunistic frugivores, wild boar and brown bear, which occupy the forest and prairie-forest ecotone habitats of the south-eastern Caspian region. To compare their potential and realised endozoochorous seed dispersal, we used two different seed germination methods: controlled greenhouse and natural conditions.
Results: Of the 136 plant taxa (3078 seedlings) recorded from the 445 paired dung sub-samples of both methods, only 36 taxa (336 seedlings) were recorded under natural conditions, among which five taxa showed no emergence in the greenhouse. Graminoids and forbs composed 91% of the seedlings in greenhouse but shrub species were more abundant under natural conditions (55% of emerged seedlings). Considering greenhouse condition, red deer and then wild boar dispersed more species than the other animals, while in natural condition brown bear was the most effective vector. We observed remarkably higher species richness and seedling abundance in the controlled greenhouse method than natural condition (P≤0.001). This difference may be related to dung sample preparation method or meteorological conditions in the field during our experiment.
Conclusions: The studied sympatric vectors were shown to provide different seed dispersal services and may, therefore, be regarded as complementary. Our results provide evidence for the potential positive bias arising when only considering germination under controlled greenhouse conditions. Relativising the potential versus the realised endozoochorous dispersal of seeds by different mammals would help determine management options to maintain plant biodiversity.
Keywords : Different germination methods, Mammal functional groups, Potential endozoochory, Realised endozoochory