bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a systematic scoping review of reasons given to justify the performance of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Dewar Brian , Fedyk Mark , Jurkovic Lucas , Chevrier Stephanie , Rodriguez Rosendo , Kitto Simon C , Saginur Raphael , Shamy Michel 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) are widely viewed to generate the most reliable medical knowledge. However, RCTs are not always scientifically necessary and therefore not always ethical. Unfortunately, it is not clear when an RCT is not necessary or how this should be established. This study seeks to systematically catalogue justifications offered throughout the medical and ethics literature for performing randomisation within clinical trials.Methods and analysisWe will systematically search electronic databases of the medical literature including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Clinical Trials Register, Web of Science Proceedings, ClinicalTrials.gov; databases of philosophical literature including Philosopher’s Index, Phil Papers, JSTOR, Periodicals Archive Online, Project MUSE, National Reference Centre for Bioethics; the library catalogue at the University of Ottawa; bibliographies of retrieved papers; and the grey literature. We will also pursue suggestions from experts in the fields of medical ethics, philosophy and clinical trial methodology. Article screening, selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers based on prespecified inclusion/exclusion criteria. A third reviewer will be consulted to resolve any discrepancies. We will then extract the reasons given to justify randomisation using methodology established to extract data in a defensible, systematic manner. We will track the reasons given, their frequency of use and changes over time. Finally, using grounded theory, we will combine the reasons into broader themes. These themes will form the foundation of our subsequent analysis from qualitative and quantitative perspectives. This review will map existing arguments that clinicians, ethicists and philosophers use to ethically justify randomisation in clinical trials.Ethics and disseminationNo research ethics board approval is necessary because we are not examining patient-level data. This protocol complies with the reported guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. The findings of this paper will be disseminated via presentations and academic publication. In a subsequent phase of this research, we hope to engage with stakeholders and translate any recommendations derived from our findings into operational guidelines.
HORIZONS protocol: a UK prospective cohort study to explore recovery of health and well-being in adults diagnosed with cancer
Authors: Foster Claire , Calman Lynn , Richardson Alison , May Carl R , Rogers Anne , Smith Peter W 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionUnderstanding the impact of cancer and its treatment on people’s everyday lives will help prepare people for what to expect, enable health professionals to predict likely recovery trajectories and shape care management according to needs. HORIZONS will recruit people awaiting treatment and follow them up at regular intervals to assess recovery of health and well-being.Research questionsWhat impact does cancer diagnosis and treatment have on people’s lives in the short, medium and long term? What are people’s health and well-being outcomes, experiences and self-management activities over time across different cancer types and what influences these? How do people connect with and relate to others in mobilising resources that enable them to self-manage the consequences of cancer and treatment?Methods and analysisHORIZONS is a multicentre, prospective cohort study exploring recovery of health and well-being in 3000 people diagnosed with breast cancer (<50 years), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or gynaecological cancer. Recruitment will take place across National Health Service (NHS) sites in the UK between September 2016 and March 2019, before primary treatment starts. Participants will be identified through clinical teams and invited to complete questionnaires including assessments of quality of life, symptoms and functioning (Quality of Life in Adult Cancer Survivors; European Organisation for Research and Treatment Consortium Core quality of life questionnaire, EORTC-QLQ-C30), health status (EuroQol-5 dimensions, EQ-5D), self-efficacy, social support, social networks and lifestyle. Clinical data will also be collected. Descriptive statistics will characterise outcomes. Changes over time will be investigated. Factors that may influence recovery and self-management will be included in regression models to determine which influence health and well-being and self-management.Ethics and disseminationEthics and Health Research Authority approvals granted (IRAS Project ID: 202342, REC reference number 16/NW/0425). Adopted onto the National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network portfolio. We will engage with our Scientific Advisory Board, Tumour Specific Expert Panels, User Reference Group, Macmillan and the University of Southampton to ensure maximum publicity and benefit.
Exploring, measuring and enhancing the coproduction of health and well-being at the national, regional and local levels through comparative case studies in Sweden and England: the ‘Samskapa’ research programme protocol
Authors: Kjellström Sofia , Areskoug-Josefsson Kristina , Andersson Gäre Boel , Andersson Ann-Christine , Ockander Marlene , Käll Jacob , McGrath Jane , Donetto Sara , Robert Glenn 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionCocreation, coproduction and codesign are advocated as effective ways of involving citizens in the design, management, provision and evaluation of health and social care services. Although numerous case studies describe the nature and level of coproduction in individual projects, there remain three significant gaps in the evidence base: (1) measures of coproduction processes and their outcomes, (2) mechanisms that enable inclusivity and reciprocity and (3) management systems and styles. By focusing on these issues, we aim to explore, enhance and measure the value of coproduction for improving the health and well-being of citizens.Methods and analysisNine ongoing coproduction projects form the core of an interactive research programme (‘Samskapa’) during a 6-year period (2019–2024). Six of these will take place in Sweden and three will be undertaken in England to enable knowledge exchange and cross-cultural comparison. The programme has a longitudinal case study design using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Cross-case analysis and a sensemaking process will generate relevant lessons both for those participating in the projects and researchers. Based on the findings, we will develop explanatory models and other outputs to increase the sustained value (and values) of future coproduction initiatives in these sectors.Ethics and disseminationAll necessary ethical approvals will be obtained from the regional Ethical Board in Sweden and from relevant authorities in England. All data and personal data will be handled in accordance with General Data Protection Regulations. Given the interactive nature of the research programme, knowledge dissemination to participants and stakeholders in the nine projects will be ongoing throughout the 6 years. External workshops—facilitated in collaboration with participating case studies and citizens—both during and at the end of the programme will provide an additional dissemination mechanism and involve health and social care practitioners, policymakers and third-sector organisations.
Geological development of the Timor Orogen
Authors: Martinez Duran Pedro , Baillie Peter , Carrillo Eduardo , Duval Gregor 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Timor Orogen comprises the island of Timor, a narrow offshore area to the north and a wider offshore fold-and-thrust belt to the south. This orogen formed by jamming and subsequent collision of the Banda Sea subduction system by the Australian Plate. The BandaSeis seismic survey has revealed excellent images of the deep-water fold-and-thrust belt. Seismic interpretation of the dataset demonstrated structural and tectonic features not previously described, including regional geological features on the Australian continental crust and two regional NE–SW sinistral strike-slip faults, and a prominent Middle Permian palaeogeographical high (Timor Plateau). Moreover, since the Middle–Late Triassic and Middle Jurassic, the two NE-trending strike-slip faults governed the formation of the West Timor and Cova-Lima sub-basins. The location along the Australian margin plays a dominant role in controlling the structural style and shaping of the Timor Orogen. Vertical loading and the southerly motion of the orogenic wedge are the main driving forces responsible for its building, illustrating a thin-skinned tectonic framework. Thrust faults nucleate in a forward-breaking sequence in the motion of thrust transport, with younger thrusts developing in front of older thrusts. Most of the collisional deformation has been classified into two styles: shallow thin-skinned and deep-seated deformation.
Bringing Engineering Rigor to Deep Learning
Authors: Pei Kexin , Wang Shiqi , Tian Yuchi , Whitehouse Justin , Vondrick Carl , Cao Yinzhi , Ray Baishakhi , Jana Suman , Yang Junfeng 
Published: July 2019

Deep learning (DL) systems are increasingly deployed in safety- and security-critical domains including autonomous driving, robotics, and malware detection, where the correctness and predictability of a system on corner-case inputs are of great importance. Unfortunately, the common practice to validating a deep neural network (DNN) - measuring overall accuracy on a randomly selected test set - is not designed to surface corner-case errors. As recent work shows, even DNNs with state-of-the-art accuracy are easily fooled by human-imperceptible, adversarial perturbations to the inputs. Questions such as how to test corner-case behaviors more thoroughly and whether all adversarial samples have been found remain unanswered.
In the last few years, we have been working on bringing more engineering rigor into deep learning. Towards this goal, we have built five systems to test DNNs more thoroughly and verify the absence of adversarial samples for given datasets. These systems check a broad spectrum of properties (e.g., rotating an image should never change its classification) and find thousands of error-inducing samples for popular DNNs in critical domains (e.g., ImageNet, autonomous driving, and malware detection). Our DNN verifiers are also orders of magnitude (e.g., 5,000×) faster than similar tools. This article overviews our systems and discusses three open research challenges to hopefully inspire more future research towards testing and verifying DNNs.
Cardiac remodeling after six weeks of high-intensity interval training to exhaustion in endurance-trained men
Authors: Mahjoub Haïfa , Le Blanc Olivier , Paquette Myriam , Imhoff Sarah , Labrecque Lawrence , Drapeau Audrey , Poirier Paul , Bédard Élisabeth , Pibarot Philippe , Brassard Patrice 
Published: July 2019

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical performance of endurance athletes, although studies examining its cardiovascular effects are sparse. We evaluated the impact of HIIT on blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac cavities’ size and function in endurance-trained adults. Seventeen endurance-trained men underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Doppler echocardiography at baseline and after 6 wk of HIIT. Participants were divided into 2 groups [85% maximal aerobic power (HIIT85), n = 8 and 115% maximal aerobic power (HIIT115), n = 9] to compare the impact of different HIIT intensities. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and cardiac chambers’ size and function were similar between groups at baseline. HIIT reduced heart rate (55 ± 8 vs. 51 ± 7 beats/min; P = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (121 ± 11 vs. 118 ± 9 mmHg; P = 0.01), mean arterial pressure (90 ± 8 vs. 89 ± 6 mmHg; P = 0.03), and pulse pressure (52 ± 6 vs. 49 ± 5 mmHg; P = 0.01) irrespective of training intensity. Left atrium volumes increased after HIIT (maximal: 50 ± 14 vs. 54 ± 14 mL; P = 0.02; minimal: 15 ± 5 vs. 20 ± 8 mL; P = 0.01) in both groups. Right ventricle global longitudinal strain lowered after training in the HIIT85 group only (20 ± 4 vs. 17 ± 3%, P = 0.04). In endurance-trained men, 6 wk of HIIT reduced systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure and increased left atrium volumes irrespective of training intensity, whereas submaximal HIIT deteriorated right ventricle systolic function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The novel findings of this study are that 6 wk of high-intensity interval training increases left atrial volumes irrespective of training intensity (85 or 115% maximal aerobic power), whereas the submaximal training decreases right ventricular systolic function in endurance-trained men. These results may help identify the exercise threshold for potential toxicity of intense exercise training for at-risk individuals and ideal exercise training regimens conferring optimal cardiovascular protection and adapted endurance training for athletes.
CORP: Practical tools for improving experimental design and reporting of laboratory studies of cardiovascular physiology and metabolism
Authors: Weeks Kate L. , Henstridge Darren C. , Salim Agus , Shaw Jonathan E. , Marwick Thomas H. , McMullen Julie R. 
Published: July 2019

The exercise consisted of: 1) a short survey to acquire baseline data on current practices regarding the conduct of animal studies, 2) a series of presentations for promoting awareness and providing advice and practical tools for improving experimental design, and 3) a follow-up survey 12 mo later to assess whether practices had changed. The surveys were compulsory for responsible investigators ( n = 16; paired data presented). Other investigators named on animal ethics applications were encouraged to participate (2017, total of 36 investigators; 2018, 37 investigators). The major findings to come from the exercise included 1) a willingness of investigators to make changes when provided with knowledge/tools and solutions that were relatively simple to implement (e.g., proportion of responsible investigators showing improved practices using a structured method for randomization was 0.44, 95% CI (0.19; 0.70), P = 0.003, and deidentifying drugs/interventions was 0.40, 95% CI (0.12; 0.68), P = 0.010); 2) resistance to change if this involved more personnel and time (e.g., as required for allocation concealment); and 3) evidence that changes to long-term practices (“habits”) require time and follow-up. Improved practices could be verified based on changes in reporting within publications or documented evidence provided during laboratory visits. In summary, this exercise resulted in changed attitudes, practices, and reporting, but continued follow-up, monitoring, and incentives are required. Efforts to improve experimental rigor will reduce bias and will lead to findings with the greatest translational potential. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The goal of this exercise was to encourage preclinical researchers to improve the quality of their cardiac and metabolic animal studies by 1) increasing awareness of concerns, which can arise from suboptimal experimental designs; 2) providing knowledge, tools, and templates to overcome bias; and 3) conducting two short surveys over 12 mo to monitor change. Improved practices were identified for the uptake of structured methods for randomization, and de-identifying interventions/drugs. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/experimental-design-survey-training-practical-tools/ .
Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase is a more effective calcium remover than sodium-calcium exchanger in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Li Sen , Chopra Anant , Keung Wendy , Chan Camie W. Y. , Costa Kevin D. , Kong Chi-Wing , Hajjar Roger J. , Chen Christopher S. , Li Ronald A. 
Published: July 2019

Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSCs)-derived ventricular (V) cardiomyocytes (CMs) display immature Ca2+–handing properties with smaller transient amplitudes and slower kinetics due to such differences in crucial Ca2+-handling proteins as the poor sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump but robust Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activities in human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived VCMs compared with adult. Despite their fundamental importance in excitation-contraction coupling, the relative contribution of SERCA and NCX to Ca2+-handling of hPSC-VCMs remains unexplored. We systematically altered the activities of SERCA and NCX in human embryonic stem cell-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes (hESC-VCMs) and their engineered microtissues, followed by examining the resultant phenotypic consequences. SERCA overexpression in hESC-VCMs shortened the decay of Ca2+ transient at low frequencies (0.5 Hz) without affecting the amplitude, SR Ca2+ content and Ca2+ baseline. Interestingly, short hairpin RNA-based NCX suppression did not prolong the transient decay, indicating a compensatory response for Ca2+ removal. Although hESC-VCMs and their derived microtissues exhibited negative frequency-transient/force responses, SERCA overexpression rendered them less negative at high frequencies (>2 Hz) by accelerating Ca2+ sequestration. We conclude that for hESC-VCMs and their microtissues, SERCA, rather than NCX, is the main Ca2+ remover during diastole; poor SERCA expression is the leading cause for immature negative-frequency/force responses, which can be partially reverted by forced expression. Combinatorial approach to mature calcium handling in hESC-VCMs may help shed further mechanistic insights. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, we studied the role of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in Ca2+ handling. Our data support the notion that SERCA is more effective in cytosolic calcium removal than the NCX.
"Uma tempestade que se esconde além das montanhas”
Authors: Rosas Cecilia 
Published: July 2019

Boris Pasternak e Marina Tsvetáieva mantiveram intensa correspondência de 1922 até meados dos anos 1930. Ao longo desse período, como analisa Catherine Ciepiela, a possibilidade de um encontro vai alternadamente sendo adiada, e os autores muitas vezes fazem das cartas laboratórios poéticos, no qual parecem buscar constituir uma linguagem amorosa original, como a recorrência de certas imagens. Este artigo procura analisar a recorrência da metáfora da montanha nas cartas de Tsvetáieva entre 1922 e 1926.
First record of the Small Bamboo Bat Tylonycteris fulvida (Peters, 1872) (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Nepal
Authors: Sharma Basant , Subedi Anoj , Subedi Bandana , Panthee Shristee , Acharya Pushpa Raj 
Published: July 2019

A bamboo bat of the genus Tylonycteris was captured near Gupteshore Cave of Kushma in Parbat, Nepal. Traditionally, two species of Tylonycteris (of T. pachypus complex and T. robustula complex) are known from the Indian subcontinent. Due to inconsistency in taxonomic classification, several changes were recently made within the genus Tylonycteris—T. pachypus was corrected to T. fulvida and T. robustula to T. malayana. The occurrence of Tylonycteris from Nepal’s diversified zoogeography, however, was never mentioned. This note provides a new record of Tylonycteris from Nepal. Based on morphological characteristics and species distribution range, this note confirms the captured species as T. fulvida.
First record of the Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana (Temminck, 1829) (Aves: Passeriformes: Muscicapidae) from Bhutan
Authors: Rinchen Kado , Kinley Kinley , Dorji Chhimi , Wangmo Dorji 
Published: July 2019

During a patrolling duty in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park (JSWNP) in Bhutan, a lone male Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelan was observed and photographed. This is the first photographic evidence and confirmation on presence of the species in Bhutan. These new record confirm an extension of the species’ distribution in the North East Indian Sub Continent. As this is new record to Bhutan, there could be other undetected incidence of migrant species occurrence in the country. More observation must be carried out during bird migration seasons to discover such instances.
First report of the Australian gall midge Actilasioptera tumidifolium Gagné, 1999 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Andaman Islands, India
Authors: Vasanthakumar Duraikannu , Sharma Radhesyam Murlidhar 
Published: July 2019

Actilasioptera tumidifolium Gagné, 1999 is reported as a new record from Andaman Islands, India. A brief diagnosis and images of its diagnostic characters are given to facilitate easy identification.
Species richness and abundance of monogonont rotifers in relation to environmental factors in the UNESCO Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand
Authors: Plangklang Nattaporn , Boonyanusith Chaichat , Athibai Sujeephon 
Published: July 2019

The UNESCO Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve plays an important role in nature conservation and environmental protection. Previous focus on terrestrial habitats and neglect of aquatic ecosystems has resulted in an incomplete picture of biodiversity of the area. Based on the first investigation of planktonic diversity, rotifers were collected seasonally at five localities from September 2013 to May 2014 using a Schindler-Patalas plankton trap and a plankton net. Fifteen families, 25 genera and 71 species of rotifers were identified. The most diverse families were Lecanidae, Brachionidae, Lepadellidae, and Trichocercidae, accounting for 80% of the total species count. The maximum species richness was reported at the reservoir, with 57 species (80% of the total), while the minimum species richness (34) was observed at the ponds. The rainy season had the highest density, followed by winter and summer, with 149.15 N/l from an intermittent stream, and 95.43 and 50.68 N/l from a pond, respectively. Most of the sampling sites at the three seasonal occasions were dominated by a planktonic species Polyarthra vulgaris. The results indicate that the seasonal variation of the rotifer assemblage is related to the seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters.
Notes on the hairstreak butterflies Euaspa Moore, 1884 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) with new distribution records to the Indian eastern Himalaya
Authors: Das Gaurab Nandi , Gayen Subrata , Saito Motoki , Chandra Kailash 
Published: July 2019

The genus Euaspa Moore, 1884 (Lycaenidae: Theclinae: Theclini) of Zephyrus Hairstreak butterflies is represented by 14 species worldwide. Among these, four species were recorded from the Indian mainland. In this paper, E. motokii Koiwaya, 2002, previously known only from the Kachin State of Myanmar, is reported for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh in India. Also, E. mikamii Koiwaya, 2002 is recorded for the second time from India since the collection of the holotype in 1991 from the eastern Himalaya.