bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating old‐growth ponderosa pine physiology using tree‐rings, δ13C, δ18O, and a process‐based model
Authors: Ulrich Danielle E. M. , Still Christopher , Brooks J. Renée , Kim Youngil , Meinzer Frederick C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn dealing with predicted changes in environmental conditions outside those experienced today, forest managers and researchers rely on process‐based models to inform physiological processes and predict future forest growth responses. The carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of tree‐ring cellulose (δ13Ccell, δ18Ocell) reveal long‐term, integrated physiological responses to environmental conditions. We incorporated a submodel of δ18Ocell into the widely used Physiological Principles in Predicting Growth (3‐PG) model for the first time, to complement a recently added δ13Ccell submodel. We parameterized the model using previously reported stand characteristics and long‐term trajectories of tree‐ring growth, δ13Ccell, and δ18Ocell collected from the Metolius AmeriFlux site in central Oregon (upland trees). We then applied the parameterized model to a nearby set of riparian trees to investigate the physiological drivers of differences in observed basal area increment (BAI) and δ13Ccell trajectories between upland and riparian trees. The model showed that greater available soil water and maximum canopy conductance likely explain the greater observed BAI and lower δ13Ccell of riparian trees. Unexpectedly, both observed and simulated δ18Ocell trajectories did not differ between the upland and riparian trees, likely due to similar δ18O of source water isotope composition. The δ18Ocell submodel with a Peclet effect improved model estimates of δ18Ocell because its calculation utilizes 3‐PG growth and allocation processes. Because simulated stand‐level transpiration (E) is used in the δ18O submodel, aspects of leaf‐level anatomy such as the effective path length for transport of water from the xylem to the sites of evaporation could be estimated.
The “Flint Depot” of prehistoric northern Israel: Comprehensive geochemical analyses of flint extraction and reduction complexes and implications for provenance studies
Authors: Finkel Meir , Barkai Ran , Gopher Avi , Tirosh Ofir , Ben‐Yosef Erez 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated that the Eocene Timrat formation in northeastern Israel, which appears as an extensive land “strip” west of and parallel to the Rift Valley, was a major source of prehistoric flint. This supposition is supported by three large‐scale extraction and reduction (E&R) complexes identified within this region, which offer direct evidence of intense Lower and Middle Palaeolithic exploitation and limited Neolithic/Chalcolithic activities. Here, we present a first comprehensive overview of this “industrial strip” and of its E&R complexes (Nahal Dishon, Mt. Achbara, and Sede Ilan), demonstrating that these production areas were used mainly for the manufacture of large‐volume items such as Lower Palaeolithic hand axes, Middle Palaeolithic Levallois cores, and Neolithic/Chalcolithic axes/adzes. Furthermore, we integrate information from recently published field studies and lithic analyses with new intercomplex and intracomplex inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (inductively coupled plasma (ICP)‐MS) analyses of flint debitage. The relatively large number of analysed samples (
n = 69) constitutes the first robust reference database for provenance studies of this E&R “strip.” The potential contribution for provenance studies is demonstrated by a detailed ICP‐MS comparison drawn between specific extraction and reduction localities within the Dishon complex and flint tools found in six occupation sites located up to 20 km from the sources. The detailed geochemical study also yielded methodological insights regarding challenges associated with flint heterogeneity and patination effects.
Emission mechanism and reduction countermeasures of agricultural greenhouse gases – a review
Authors: Liu Ying , Tang Haiying , Muhammad Aamer , Huang Guoqin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlobal climate change, especially global warming, has caused widespread concern in the international community. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) produced by human activities, are the main cause of global warming. According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, so reduction of such emissions is of great significance to global climate change. There are many driving factors affecting agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. These factors are interrelated and interact with each other, so the mechanism of action is complicated. In this paper, first, the driving factors of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and emission sources are introduced. Second, the factors influencing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions are analyzed and summarized. Third, to clarify the factors influencing agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, measures and countermeasures for reducing greenhouse gas emission are proposed, discussed, and compared. Finally, action mechanisms, action pathways, and long‐term reduction measures for agricultural greenhouse gases are described. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating contemporary pain management practices in thyroid and parathyroid surgery: A national survey of head and neck endocrine surgeons
Authors: Ferrell Jay K. , Singer Michael C. , Farwell D. Gregory , Stack Brendan C. , Shindo Maisie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is currently a lack of evidence‐based guidelines regarding postoperative opioids after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. This study aimed to objectively characterize contemporary postoperative pain management practices via a national survey of head and neck endocrine surgeons.MethodsA standardized electronic survey was distributed to the membership of the American Head and Neck Society's Endocrine section.ResultsA total of 102 surgeons completed the survey representing a 34% response rate. In all, 65.7% of respondents utilize opioids with wide variations in the total morphine equivalents prescribed. Practice environment (χ2 = 10.0; P = 0.04) and performing preoperative pain counseling (χ2 = 9.7; P = 0.002) were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of prescribing postoperative opioids. Utilization of non‐opioid pain management strategies was common and significantly associated with performing outpatient surgery (χ2 = 6.2; P = 0.013) and preoperative pain counseling (χ2 = 4.5; P = 0.034).ConclusionsPain management practice patterns vary significantly among head and neck endocrine surgeons which further emphasize the need for evidence‐based guidelines.
Hand as hammer: A comprehensive review of biomechanical studies related to occupational hand strikes
Authors: Hausmanninger Lukas , Komnik Igor , Potthast Wolfgang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA growing number of workers in modern automotive assembly plants are confronted with occupational tasks involving repeated high‐impact hand strikes. Such repetitive physical workloads account for diseases of soft tissues or musculoskeletal disorders in the hand, wrist, or entire upper body. The purpose of this review was to identify and discuss the most pertinent occupational and physiological investigations concerning such hand strikes with particular emphasis on the biomechanical parameters examined. Articles were drawn from four databases to identify publications about occupational hand strikes. First, studies were selected that evaluated hand impact loads measured with the help of force measurement devices. For a deeper understanding of biomechanical factors regarding hand impacts, the scope of the search was extended to include ancillary studies about impacts on wrists or elbows. Overall, 945 abstracts were screened, and five full‐text articles were included in the final review. In addition, 34 ancillary articles about impact stress on the hand–arm complex were discussed because of positive relations between high forces, repetition rates or acceleration, and progressing stress in the hand–arm complex identified in studies about critical biomechanical load limits, in the field of fall arrests and sports, i.e. tennis. Furthermore, studies about effective arm movements and body postures during hand strikes as used in martial arts were reviewed. Although certain biomechanical parameters are both known and well documented, studies available at present cannot sufficiently account for specific disorders in the wrist or arm that are triggered by occupational hand strikes.
Label‐Free Quantification of 5‐Azacytidines Directly in the Genome
Authors: Schiffers Sarah , Wildenhof Thomas M. , Iwan Katharina , Stadlmeier Michael , Müller Markus , Carell Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAzacytidines (AzaC and AzadC) are clinically relevant pharmaceuticals that operate at the epigenetic level. They are integrated into the genome as antimetabolites to block DNA methylation events. This leads to a reduction of the 5‐methyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine (m5dC) level in the genome, which can activate epigenetically silenced genes. Because of the inherent chemical instability of Aza(d)Cs, their incorporation levels in DNA and RNA are difficult to determine, which hinders correlation of therapeutic effects with incorporation and removal processes. Existing methods involve radioactive labeling and are therefore unsuitable to monitor levels from patients. We report here a new direct chemical method that allows absolute quantification of the levels of incorporated AzaC and AzadC in both RNA and DNA. Furthermore, it clarifies that Aza(d)C accumulates to high levels (up to 12.9 million bases per genome). Although RNA‐based antimetabolites are often 2′‐deoxygenated in vivo and incorporated into DNA, for AzaC we see only limited incorporation into DNA. It accumulates predominantly in RNA where it, however, only leads to insignificant demethylation.
Fabrication and evaluation of bacterial nanocellulose/poly(acrylic acid)/graphene oxide composite hydrogel: Characterizations and biocompatibility studies for wound dressing
Authors: Chen Xiang Yi , Low Hao Ran , Loi Xin Yi , Merel Laura , Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) is a potential material for wound dressing due to its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. This study evaluated the effects of GO concentration on the synthesis of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)–grafted poly(acrylic acid) (AA)–graphene oxide (BNC/P(AA)/GO) composite hydrogel and its potential as wound dressing. Hydrogels were successfully synthesized via electron‐beam irradiation. The hydrogels were characterized by their mechanical properties, bioadhesiveness, water vapor transmission rates (WVTRs), water retention abilities, water absorptivity, and biocompatibility. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed the successful incorporation of GO into hydrogel. Thickness, gel fraction determination and morphological study revealed that increased GO concentration in hydrogels leads to reduced crosslink density and larger pore size, resulting in increased WVTR. Thus, highest swelling ratio was found in hydrogel with higher amount of GO (0.09 wt %). The mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel were maintained, while its hardness and bioadhesion were reduced with higher GO concentration in the hydrogel, affirming the durable and easy removable properties of a wound dressing. Human dermal fibroblast cell attachment and proliferation studies showed that biocompatibility of hydrogel was improved with the inclusion of GO in the hydrogel. Therefore, BNC/P(AA)/GO composite hydrogel has a potential application as perdurable wound dressing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2140–2151, 2019.
Persistent Activation of Calcium‐Sensing Receptor Suppresses Bone Turnover, Increases Microcracks, and Decreases Bone Strength
Authors: Dong Bingzi , Endo Itsuro , Ohnishi Yukiyo , Mitsui Yukari , Kurahashi Kiyoe , Kanai Mai , Hiasa Masahiro , Teramachi Jumpei , Tenshin Hirofumi , Fukumoto Seiji , Abe Masahiro , Matsumoto Toshio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractActivating mutations of calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) cause autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1). Patients with ADH1 exhibit similar features to patients with hypoparathyroidism, including reduced serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Ca with low bone turnover. Although persistent suppression of bone turnover may increase bone fragility, bone strength in ADH1 patients has been unclear. We created knock‐in mice harboring the A843E activating mutation of CaSR, mimicking severe features of ADH1 patients. The severe form of ADH1 model mice showed smaller body and bone size with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and cortical area of the femur compared with age‐matched wild‐type (WT) mice. Bone strength in the femur was lower in ADH1 mice even after correction by bone geometry and/or BMD. Microcracks were markedly increased in ADH1 mice, but were rarely detected in WT mice. There was a negative correlation between bone strength corrected by bone geometry and/or BMD and microcrack number or density in ADH1 and WT mice. Among ADH1 mice, negative correlation was still observed between bone strength and microcrack number or density. Microcracks increased with age in ADH1 mice, and were negatively correlated with bone strength. Treatment with PTH(1‐34) or a calcilytic, JTT‐305, increased bone turnover, reduced microcracks, and increased bone strength to similar levels to those in WT mice. The increase in microcracks was associated with a reduction in bone strength in ADH1 mice, and aging aggravates these changes. These results demonstrate that activating mutation of CaSR causes reduction in PTH secretion with suppressed bone turnover, that reduced bone turnover is associated with an age‐dependent increase in microcracks with a reduction in bone strength, and that both PTH(1‐34) and calcilytic ameliorate all these changes in bone turnover and strength. It is suggested that fracture susceptibility may be increased in severe types of ADH1 patients especially in the elderly. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cancer‐ and Chemotherapy‐Induced Musculoskeletal Degradation
Authors: Sturgeon Kathleen M , Mathis Katlynn M , Rogers Connie J , Schmitz Kathryn H , Waning David L 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTMobility in advanced cancer patients is a major health care concern and is often lost in advanced metastatic cancers. Erosion of mobility is a major component in determining quality of life but also starts a process of loss of muscle and bone mass that further devastates patients. In addition, treatment options become limited in these advanced cancer patients. Loss of bone and muscle occurs concomitantly. Advanced cancers that are metastatic to bone often lead to bone loss (osteolytic lesions) but may also lead to abnormal deposition of new bone (osteoblastic lesions). However, in both cases there is a disruption to normal bone remodeling and radiologic evidence of bone loss. Many antitumor therapies can also lead to loss of bone in cancer survivors. Bone loss releases cytokines (TGFβ) stored in the mineralized matrix that can act on skeletal muscle and lead to weakness. Likewise, loss of skeletal muscle mass leads to reduced bone mass and quality via mechanical and endocrine signals. Collectively these interactions are termed bone‐muscle cross‐talk, which has garnered much attention recently as a prime target for musculoskeletal health. Pharmacological approaches as well as nutrition and exercise can improve muscle and bone but have fallen short in the context of advanced cancers and cachexia. This review highlights our current knowledge of these interventions and discusses the difficulties in treating severe musculoskeletal deficits with the emphasis on improving not only bone mass and muscle size but also functional outcomes. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Integrated analysis of competing endogenous RNA networks revealing five prognostic biomarkers associated with colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Qian , Deng Junjie , Wei Xundong , Yuan Wei , Ma Jie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality around the world. The aim of this study was to determine the genes significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of CRC patients and predict their function in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulation networks. We constructed the lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA networks according to the differentially expressed RNAs from the The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets of 561 CRC patients. Twelve differentially expressed messenger RNAs from the ceRNA networks were selected through a univariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Then, these genes were analyzed by using multivariate Cox proportional hazards stepwise regression to construct a prognostic model in which five genes (tensin 1, clusterin, proteolipid protein 1, epiregulin, and transcription factor Spi‐B) were included. The Kaplan‐Meier risk survival analysis showed that this five‐gene signature independently predicted a 5‐year overall survival in CRC patients (P < 0.001). Furthermore, significance was verified according to two irrelevant Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets (GSE38832 and GSE39582). The verified five‐gene model of CRC can be used to predict patient prognosis and will inform postoperational evaluation and follow‐up strategies.
miR‐939‐5p decreases the enrichment of RNA polymerase II in the promoter region of CD2AP involved in nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Wang Jin‐Ya , Zhang Dao‐Qi , Cao Qian , Qiao Xiao‐Qin , Zhou Guo‐Ping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe expression changes of CD2‐associated protein (CD2AP) can lead to kidney diseases with proteinuria, including nephrotic syndrome (NS). A recent study reported that miRNAs may be important transcriptional regulators. In this study, we found increased expression of miR‐939‐5p and decreased expression of CD2AP in the peripheral blood of patients with NS. However, miR‐939‐5p did not show a regulatory effect on the 3′‐untranslated region of CD2AP. The expression levels of specific protein 1 and adenovirus E2 promoter‐binding factor 1, important transcription regulators in the promoter region of CD2AP, were also not affected by microRNA (miR)‐939‐5p. We confirmed that miR‐939‐5p is in the nucleus by fluorescent in situ hybridization and cytoplasmic separation polymerase chain reaction. The promoter plasmid and miR‐939‐5p were cotransfected into HEK‐293 cells, and the luciferase reporter gene assay was used to analyze the promoter activity. We found that miR‐939‐5p binds to a specific sequence in the CD2AP promoter. miR‐939‐5p was confirmed to reduce the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the CD2AP promoter region by chromatin immunoprecipitation. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanism of miR‐939‐5p in NS and provide potential molecular therapeutic targets for NS.
MSK2 promotes proliferation and tumor formation in squamous cervical cancer via PAX8/RB‐E2F1/cyclin A2 axis
Authors: Wu Yueli , Li Hongmei , Wang Hong , Zhang Fenglian , Cao Hua , Xu Shuyun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPatients with cervical cancer have abnormal cell proliferation and invasion after many years of latency. However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Mitogen‐ and stress‐activated kinase 2 (MSK2) is a serine/threonine kinase which displays a phenotype that promotes tumor growth and metastasis in many different types of tumors. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of MSK2 on the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and elucidate the signaling pathways through which MSK2 exerts its effects in the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Our results confirmed that MSK2 expression was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. We further found that the expression patterns of paired‐box gene 8 (PAX8) and MSK2 were positively correlated in cervical cancer specimens. Moreover, MSK2 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of PAX8 and retinoblastoma protein (RB), and suppressed the sequential expressions of cell proliferation factors E2F1 and cyclin A2, resulting in the inhibition of SCC cell proliferation and tumor formation. Thus, this study demonstrates that MSK2 has oncogenic effects in the formation and development of SCC via the PAX8/RB‐E2F1/cyclin A2 axis.
Perineural invasion is related to p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway activation and promotes tumor growth and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Gu Jiangning , Xu Wei , Peng Chenghong , Zhu Youwei , Wang Di , Wang Xuelong , Li Ying , Wei Gang , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhong Yiming , Zhao Shulin , Shi Minmin , Cheng Dongfeng , Ying Xiayang , Jin Jiabin , Chen Hao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetastasis is a key component of cancer progression and is strongly associated with poor prognosis. Perineural invasion is thought to be related to pain, tumor recurrence, and other conditions. However, the exact molecular mechanism is unclear. This study was conducted to identify the key components and signaling pathways involved in the perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer and alterations in the phenotype after the interaction between the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and pancreatic cancer cells. The results indicated that the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway was activated after coculture of the DRG and pancreatic cancer cells and lead to the promotion of cell growth and chemoresistance.
Interleukin‐21 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in Chinese patients
Authors: Liu Tangyuheng , Song Jiajia , Zhang Mei , Li Siyue , Zhang Jinya , Hu Xuejiao , Zhao Zhenzhen , Peng Wu , Wu Qian , Bai Hao , Li Yinyu , Lu Xiaojun , Ying Binwu 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundWe investigated the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related pathogenesis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin‐21 (IL‐21)‐JAK‐STAT signaling pathway genes.MethodsWe used the high‐resolution melting (HRM) method to genotype five SNPs (IL‐21 rs2221903, IL‐21 rs4833837, IL‐21 receptor (IL‐21R) rs2285452, JAK3 rs3008, and STAT3 rs1053023) in 546 HBV‐infected patients and 353 healthy Chinese subjects. The HBV‐infected patients were further divided into subgroups based on the HBV‐related pathologies: chronic hepatitis B (CHB), HBV‐related liver cirrhosis (LC), and HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).ResultsThere were no significant differences in the genotype and allele distributions of the five SNPs between the HBV‐infected patients and healthy subjects. The genotype and allele frequencies were similar in the two groups for IL‐21 rs2221903 (A>G, P = 0.83 and 0.67), rs4833837 (A>G, P = 0.80 and 0.49), IL‐21R rs2285452 (G>A, P = 0.25 and 0.68), STAT3 rs1053023 (A>G, P = 1.00 and 0.96), and JAK3 rs3008 (C>T, P = 0.32 and 0.54). However, patients with the IL‐21R rs2285452 AA genotype were more susceptible to HBV‐related HCC than those with the IL‐21R rs2285452 GA/GG genotype (P = 0.03, OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.16‐9.20). The serological marker model of “HBsAg+, HBeAg+, HBcAb+” was predominant among patients with HBV infection. However, there was no association between the genotype's distribution of the five SNPs and the serological marker models (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that the IL‐21R rs2285452 AA genotype increases the risk of HBV‐related HCC in Chinese patients.