bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure‐guided second‐generation cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation: Prospective comparison of the procedural and clinical outcomes with the conventional strategy
Authors: Hasegawa Kanae , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Kaseno Kenichi , Hisazaki Kaori , Amaya Naoki , Miyahara Kosuke , Aiki Takahiro , Ishikawa Eri , Mukai Moe , Matsui Akira , Aoyama Daisetsu , Shiomi Yuichiro , Tama Naoto , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Fukuoka Yoshitomo , Morishita Tetsuji , Ishida Kentaro , Uzui Hiroyasu , Tada Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground: The utility of pressure waveform analyses to assess pulmonary vein (PV) occlusions has been reported in cryoballoon PV isolation (CB‐PVI) using first‐generation CBs. This prospective randomized study compared the procedural and clinical outcomes of pressure‐guided and conventional CB‐PVI.Methods and Results: Sixty patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation underwent CB‐PVI with 28‐mm second‐generation CBs. PV occlusions were assessed either by real‐time pressure waveforms without contrast utilization (pressure‐guided group) or contrast injections (conventional group) and randomly assigned. Before the randomization, 24 patients underwent pressure‐guided CB‐PVIs. In the derivation study, a vein occlusion was obtained in 88/96 (91.7%) PVs among which 86 (97.7%) were successfully isolated by the application. In the validation study, the nadir balloon temperature and total freezing time did not significantly differ per PV between the two groups. The positive predictive value of the vein occlusion for predicting successful acute isolations was similar (93 of 103 [90.2%] and 89 of 98 [90.8%] PVs; P = 1.000), but the negative predictive value was significantly higher in pressure‐guided than angiographical occlusions (14 of 17 [82.3%] vs 7 of 22 [31.8%]; P = .003). Both the procedure (57.7 ± 14.2 vs 62.6 ± 15.8 minutes; P = .526) and fluoroscopic times (16.3 ± 6.4 vs 20.1 ± 6.1; P = .732) were similar between the two groups, however, the fluoroscopy dose (130.6 ± 97.7 vs 353.2 ± 231.4 mGy; P < .001) and contrast volume used (0 vs 17.5 ± 7.7 mL; P < .001) were significantly smaller in the pressure‐guided than conventional group. During 27.8 (5‐39) months of follow‐up, the single procedure arrhythmia freedom was similar between the two groups (P = .438).Conclusions: Pressure‐guided second‐generation CB‐PVIs were similarly effective and as safe as conventional CB‐PVIs. This technique required no contrast utilization and significantly reduced radiation exposure more than conventional CB‐PVIs.
Predicting 3‐month risk for adolescent suicide attempts among pediatric emergency department patients
Authors: King Cheryl A. , Grupp‐Phelan Jacqueline , Brent David , Dean J. Michael , Webb Michael , Bridge Jeffrey A. , Spirito Anthony , Chernick Lauren S. , Mahabee‐Gittens E. Melinda , Mistry Rakesh D. , Rea Margaret , Keller Allison , Rogers Alexander , Shenoi Rohit , Cwik Mary , Busby Danielle R. , Casper T. Charles ,   the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe incidence of adolescent suicide is rising in the United States, yet we have limited information regarding short‐term prediction of suicide attempts. Our aim was to identify predictors of suicide attempts within 3‐months of an emergency department (ED) visit.MethodsAdolescents, ages 12–17, seeking health care at 13 pediatric EDs (Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network) and one Indian Health Service Hospital in the United States were consecutively recruited. Among 10,664 approached patients, 6,448 (60%) were enrolled and completed a suicide risk survey. A subset of participants (n = 2,897) was assigned to a 3‐month telephone follow‐up, and 2,104 participants completed this follow‐up (73% retention). Our primary outcome was a suicide attempt between the ED visit and 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsOne hundred four adolescents (4.9%) made a suicide attempt between enrollment and 3‐month follow‐up. A large number of baseline predictors of suicide attempt were identified in bivariate analyses. The final multivariable model for the full sample included the presence of suicidal ideation during the past week, lifetime severity of suicidal ideation, lifetime history of suicidal behavior, and school connectedness. For the subgroup of adolescents who did not report recent suicidal ideation at baseline, the final model included only lifetime severity of suicidal ideation and social connectedness. Among males, the final model included only lifetime severity of suicidal ideation and past week suicidal ideation. For females, the final model included past week suicidal ideation, lifetime severity of suicidal ideation, number of past‐year nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) incidents, and social connectedness.ConclusionsResults indicate that the key risk factors for adolescent suicide attempts differ for subgroups of adolescents defined by sex and whether or not they report recent suicidal thoughts. Results also point to the importance of school and social connectedness as protective factors against suicide attempts.
Unconditional and conditional monetary incentives to increase response to mailed questionnaires: A randomized controlled study within a trial (SWAT)
Authors: Young Ben , Bedford Laura , das Nair Roshan , Gallant Stephanie , Littleford Roberta , Robertson John F.R. , Schembri Stuart , Sullivan Frank M. , Vedhara Kavita , Kendrick Denise ,   in collaboration with the ECLS study team
Published: July 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesHigh response rates to research questionnaires can help to ensure results are more representative of the population studied and provide increased statistical power, on which the study may have been predicated. Improving speed and quality of response can reduce costs.MethodWe conducted a randomized study within a trial (SWAT) to assess questionnaire response rates, reminders sent, and data completeness with unconditional compared with conditional monetary incentives. Eligible individuals were mailed a series of psychological questionnaires as a follow‐up to a baseline host trial questionnaire. Half received a £5 gift voucher with questionnaires (unconditional), and half were promised the voucher after returning questionnaires (conditional).ResultsOf 1079 individuals, response rates to the first follow‐up questionnaire were 94.2% and 91.7% in the unconditional and conditional monetary incentive groups, respectively (OR 1.78; 95% CI, 0.85‐3.72). There were significantly greater odds of returning repeat questionnaires in the unconditional group at 6 months (OR 2.97; 95% CI, 1.01‐8.71; .047) but not at 12 months (OR 1.12; 95% CI, 0.44‐2.85). Incentive condition had no impact at any time point on the proportion of sent questionnaires that needed reminders. Odds of incomplete questionnaires were significantly greater at 3 months in the unconditional compared with the conditional incentive group (OR 2.45; 95% CI, 1.32‐4.55; .004).ConclusionsUnconditional monetary incentives can produce a transitory greater likelihood of mailed questionnaire response in a clinical trial participant group, consistent with the direction of effect in other settings. However, this could have been a chance finding. The use of multiple strategies to promote response may have created a ceiling effect. This strategy has potential to reduce administrative and postage costs, weighed against the cost of incentives used, but could risk compromising the completeness of data.
Observations of two deep‐sea chimaeroids in Icelandic waters
Authors: Jakobsdóttir Klara B. , Jónasson Jónas P. , Burgos Julian M. , Pálsson Jónbjörn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong‐term survey time series repeated occurrence of the deep‐sea chimaeroid species small‐eyed rabbitfish Hydrolagus affinis and large‐eyed rabbitfish H. mirabilis have been observed at same but few locations in Icelandic waters over 23 years. For H. affinis the catch at one specific station has consisted almost exclusively of mature males over the time period. Identification of potential aggregation locations is of vital importance to natural resource management because such aggregation may render these species vulnerable to potential fishing activities.
Ventromedial hypothalamus glucose‐inhibited neurones: A role in glucose and energy homeostasis?
Authors: Hirschberg Pamela R. , Sarkar Pallabi , Teegala Suraj B. , Routh Vanessa H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) plays a complex role in glucose and energy homeostasis. The VMH is necessary for the counter‐regulatory response to hypoglycaemia (CRR) that increases hepatic gluconeogenesis to restore euglycaemia. On the other hand, the VMH also restrains hepatic glucose production during euglycaemia and stimulates peripheral glucose uptake. The VMH is also important for the ability of oestrogen to increase energy expenditure. This latter function is mediated by VMH modulation of the lateral/perifornical hypothalamic area (lateral/perifornical hypothalamus) orexin neurones. Activation of VMH AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is necessary for the CRR. By contrast, VMH AMPK inhibition favours decreased basal glucose levels and is required for oestrogen to increase energy expenditure. Specialised VMH glucose‐sensing neurones confer the ability to sense and respond to changes in blood glucose levels. Glucose‐excited (GE) neurones increase and glucose‐inhibited (GI) neurones decrease their activity as glucose levels rise. VMH GI neurones, in particular, appear to be important in the CRR, although a role for GE neurones cannot be discounted. AMPK mediates glucose sensing in VMH GI neurones suggesting that, although activation of these neurones is important for the CRR, it is necessary to silence them to lower basal glucose levels and enable oestrogen to increase energy expenditure. In support of this, we found that oestrogen reduces activation of VMH GI neurones in low glucose by inhibiting AMPK. In this review, we present the evidence underlying the role of the VMH in glucose and energy homeostasis. We then discuss the role of VMH glucose‐sensing neurones in mediating these effects, with a strong emphasis on oestrogenic regulation of glucose sensing and how this may affect glucose and energy homeostasis.
Impact of Structured Nurse Leader Rounds on Satisfaction With Nursing Care Among Patients With Cancer
Authors: Ayaad Omar , Alloubani Aladeen , Al‐rafaay Muna , Arideh Amer , Abualeish Musttsem , Akhu‐Zaheya Laila 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe patient satisfaction rate is considered a challenge for nurse leaders, especially among patients with cancer, due to the complexity of the disease, diagnostic procedures, and treatment.AimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of structured nurse leader rounds (NLRs) on satisfaction with nursing care among patients with cancer. Moreover, we assessed the relationship among NLRs, patient satisfaction, and demographical variables.MethodsA two‐group posttest design was used in four adult inpatient oncology units in a specialized oncology center. A stratified random sampling technique was utilized to select 169 patients for the experimental group (80 patients) and control group (89 patients). Structured leader rounds were conducted by nurse leaders using a scripted nurse leader tool to standardize the rounds in the experimental group, while the unstructured leader round was conducted in the control group. Patient satisfaction was measured using the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire.ResultsThe findings revealed that there was a significant difference in total score of patients’ satisfaction between study groups (t = −9.213, p > .001). Conversely, the structured leader round has a significant impact on the patient’s experience with nurse concern and caring (t = −2.054, p = .042).ConclusionsAdoption of a structured NLR has a significant impact on improving patient satisfaction in an oncology setting where patients receive care from many disciplines, such as surgical, medical, radiotherapy, and radiology.Clinical RelevanceEfficient structured NLRs of nursing professionals are important for enhancing the quality of nursing care and patient satisfaction.
Transport stress induces pig jejunum tissue oxidative damage and results in autophagy/mitophagy activation
Authors: He Yulong , Sang Zhan , Zhuo Yisha , Wang Xueyi , Guo Zeheng , He Lihua , Zeng Cuiping , Dai Hanchuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPig transportation is associated with intestinal oxidative stress and results in destruction of intestinal integrity. Autophagy has been contributed to maintain cell homeostasis under stresses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of transport stress on morphology, intestinal mucosal barrier and autophagy/mitophagy levels in pig jejunum. A total of 16 finishing pigs were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was directly transported to the slaughterhouse and rested for 24 hr. The experimental groups were transported for 5 hr and slaughtered immediately. The results showed that transportation induced obvious stress responses with morphological and histological damage in jejunum accompanying with an elevated level of malondialdehyde (MDA; p < .05), endotoxin (LPS; p < .05), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH; p < .05) and a decreased level of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD; p < .05). Also, hemeoxy genase 1 (HO‐1; p < .01) as well as tight junction protein (claudin‐1 [p < .001], occludin [p < .05] and zonula occludens 1 [ZO‐1; p < 0.05]) levels were attenuated in jejunum tissue, and NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1; p < .01) mRNA expression was up‐regulated. Further research indicated that transport stress could induce autophagy through increasing microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3 (LC3; p < .05) and autophagy‐related gene 5 (ATG5; p < .01) levels and suppressing p62 expression. Additionally, transport stress increased the protein levels of PTEN‐induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1; p < .05) and Parkin (p < .05) which was associated with mitophagy. In conclusions, transport stress could induce the destruction of intestinal integrity and involve in the intestinal mucosal barrier oxidative damage, and also contribute to activation of autophagy/mitophagy.
A thorough psychometric comparison between Athens Insomnia Scale and Insomnia Severity Index among patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Lin Chung‐Ying , Cheng Andy S. K. , Nejati Babak , Imani Vida , Ulander Martin , Browall Maria , Griffiths Mark D. , Broström Anders , Pakpour Amir H. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryFor patients with cancer, sleep disturbance is commonplace. Using classical test theory and Rasch analyses, the present study compared two commonly used psychometric instruments for insomnia – Athens Insomnia Scale and Insomnia Severity Index – among patients with advanced cancer. Through convenience sampling, patients with cancer at stage III or IV (n = 573; 326 males; mean age = 61.3 years; SD = 10.7) from eight oncology units of university hospitals in Iran participated in the study. All the participants completed the Athens Insomnia Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, General Health Questionnaire‐12, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Additionally, 433 participants wore an Actigraph device for two continuous weekdays. Classical test theory and Rasch analysis both supported the construct validity for Athens Insomnia Scale (factor loadings from confirmatory factor analysis = 0.61–0.87; test–retest reliability = 0.72–0.82; infit mean square = 0.81–1.17; outfit MnSq = 0.79–1.14) and for Insomnia Severity Index (factor loadings from confirmatory factor analysis = 0.61–0.81; test–retest reliability = 0.72–0.82; infit mean square = 0.72–1.14; outfit mean square = 0.76–1.11). Both Athens Insomnia Scale and Insomnia Severity Index had significant associations with Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, General Health Questionnaire‐12, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, as well as having good sensitivity and specificity. Significant differences in the actigraphy measure were found between insomniacs and non‐insomniacs based on Athens Insomnia Scale or Insomnia Severity Index score. With promising results, healthcare providers can use either Athens Insomnia Scale or Insomnia Severity Index to understand the insomnia of patients with advanced cancer.
Risk behaviours of homeless people who inject drugs during an outbreak of hepatitis C, Northern Ireland, 2016‐2017
Authors: Maisa Anna , Semple Susan , Griffiths Alison , Ngui Siew Lin , Verlander Neville Q. , McCaughey Conall , Doherty Lorraine , Jessop Lucy ,   the Outbreak Control Team
Published: July 2019

AbstractFrom July to August 2016, 4 homeless people who injected drugs (PWID) with acute or recent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were reported in Belfast. A multidisciplinary team including public health, homeless and addiction services undertook an investigation to identify risk behaviours and interrupt transmission chains. Recent HCV cases were defined as negative test within the previous year, or reported injecting for less than 1 year; acute cases had tested negative within the previous 6 months. Contacts in the injecting networks of cases were identified for testing. We undertook a cross‐sectional survey using structured questionnaires to elicit risk behaviours for PWID and compare behaviours between self‐reported hepatitis C positive and negative subjects. During the outbreak investigation until December 2017, 156 PWID were tested and 45 (29%) cases identified, including 7 (16%) recent and 13 (29%) acute infections. 68 PWID, including 12 cases, were interviewed. All respondents reported using heroin, with 76% injecting once or more daily. Sharing was reported for spoons (58%) and filters (53%), but also needles (27%) and syringes (29%). Hepatitis C positive individuals had higher odds to be injecting in public toilets (AOR 17, 95% CI 0.71‐400, P < .05) when compared with hepatitis C negative individuals. Hepatitis C positive individuals were more likely to inject in public spaces, but all respondents indicated concerning risk behaviours. We recommend active surveillance with ongoing testing, expanding existing harm reduction programmes and access to bespoke services.
Fine‐structures of planar deformation features in shocked olivine: A comparison between Martian meteorites and experimentally shocked basalts as an indicator for shock pressure
Authors: Takenouchi Atsushi , Mikouchi Takashi , Kobayashi Takamichi , Sekine Toshimori , Yamaguchi Akira , Ono Haruka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe performed shock recovery experiments on an olivine‐phyric basalt at shock pressures of 22.2–48.5 GPa to compare with shock features in Martian meteorites (RBT 04261 and NWA 1950). Highly shocked olivine in the recovered basalt at 39.5 and 48.5 GPa shows shock‐induced planar deformation features (PDFs) composed of abundant streaks of defects. Similar PDFs were observed in olivine in RBT 04261 and NWA 1950 while those in NWA 1950 were composed of amorphous lamellae. Based on the present results and previous studies, the width and the abundance of lamellar fine‐structures increased with raising shock pressure. Therefore, these features could be used as shock pressure indicators while the estimated pressures may be lower limits due to no information of temperature dependence. For Martian meteorites that experienced heavy shocks, the minimum peak shock pressures of RBT 04261 and NWA 1950 are estimated to be 39.5–48.5 GPa and 48.5–56 GPa, respectively, which are found consistent with those estimated by postshock temperatures expected by the presence of brown olivine. We also investigated shock‐recovered basalts preheated at 750 and 800 °C in order to check the temperature effects on shock features. The results indicate a reduction in vitrifying pressure of plagioclase and a pressure increase for PDFs formation in olivine. Further temperature‐controlled shock recovery experiments will provide us better constraints to understand and to characterize various features found in natural shock events.
What drives energy intensity in Ghana? A test of the Environmental Kuznets hypothesis
Authors: Aboagye Solomon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnergy consumption reduction and energy efficiency improvement are recognised as global priorities in the context of the green economy and sustainable development. The energy consumption is a major source of pollution in developing countries like Ghana comes from wood, crop residues, straw and dung, which is often burned in poorly designed stoves within ill‐ventilated huts. In addition, energy consumption is closely linked to the depletion of natural resources such as the forest. Hence, against a milieu of concerns about climate change, peak oil, and energy security issues, reducing energy intensity has gained much popularity in contemporary growth agenda and it is often advocated as a way to at least partially mitigate these impacts. Thus, reducing energy intensity has assumed a central theme in contemporary growth and development agenda of Ghana. Within the modified Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, the study attempts to unravel the major drivers of energy intensity in Ghana using the recent Autoregresive Distributed Lagged dynamic model estimator. There was sufficient long‐run evidence in support of the EKC hypothesis although, low and initial levels of income could be associated with some rise in energy intensity.
Neoadjuvant BRAF‐targeted therapy in regionally advanced and oligometastatic melanoma
Authors: Eroglu Zeynep , Eatrides Jennifer , Naqvi Syeda Mahrukh Hussnain , Kim Youngchul , Rich Jeani , Babacan Nalan Akgul , Brohl Andrew S. , Markowitz Joseph , Sarnaik Amod , Zager Jonathan , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Sondak Vernon K. , Messina Jane 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrent management of locoregional and oligometastatic melanoma is typically with surgery; however, some patients are unable to undergo resection due to location/size of their tumors and/or the anticipated morbidity of the surgery. While there are currently no established guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy in melanoma, neoadjuvant BRAF‐targeted therapy may make resection more feasible. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 23 patients with BRAFV600‐mutant, stage III/IV melanoma treated with BRAF‐targeted therapy prior to surgery, with no adjuvant treatment. Surgical specimens, preoperative imaging, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results: Ten of 23 patients (44%) attained a pathologic complete response (pCR), with no correlation between RECIST response based on preoperative imaging and pathologic response. After a median of 43‐month follow‐up, only 1 patient (10%) with a pCR recurred, while 8 of 13 (62%) patients without a pCR recurred. Patients with a pCR had significantly improved relapse‐free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to patients with residual tumor. Neoadjuvant BRAF‐targeted therapy is associated with a high pCR rate in patients with stage III‐IV melanoma, which may correlate with improved RFS and OS.