bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La prevención como medio de protección de los derechos personalísimos. Su despliegue en los casos de gestación solidaria
Authors: Krasnow Adriana N. 
Published: May 2018

Este artículo describe la prevención como un medio de protección de los derechos personalísimos comprometidos en los casos de gestación solidaria, desde un abordaje que guarda sintonía con la visión constitucional y convencional en la que se inscribe el Código Civil y Comercial argentino. En este marco y considerando los principios y valores propios del Derecho de las familias, se analiza la prevención como instrumento y como función de la responsabilidad civil, siguiendo para ello un recorrido que describe el derecho a la prevención y a la reparación del daño en perspectiva constitucional y convencional. La descripción que se informa, permite llegar al estudio de la voluntad procreacional como elemento que contribuye en la elaboración de medidas dirigidas a evitar la producción de un daño en la persona. Todo lo expuesto se ilustra a lo largo del desarrollo con el relato de historias de vida que ponen de manifiesto el continuo contacto entre norma y realidad.
El código procesal penal bonaerense de 1915: primeras iniciativas de reforma en la legislatura a tres años de vigencia
Authors: Sedeillan Gisela 
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo posa la mirada en los primeros proyectos de reforma del código procesal penal de 1915 presentados en la legislatura bonaerense. Analiza sus contenidos y si existió consenso para que sean sancionados con el objetivo principal de identificar las preocupaciones que impulsaron cambios en el texto legal. Se centra en la primera gobernación de la Unión Cívica Radical (1918-1921), escenario político caracterizado por tensiones entre el gobernador Crotto y la Legislatura.
Magnetic Swings and Magic Circle: Belajar Cerdas Induksi Magnetik dengan Barang Bekas melalui Pendekatan Pembelajaran Fisika Berbasis Inkuiri (Level of Inkuiri Based Learning)
Authors: Suyanto Suyanto 
Published: May 2018

Media mempunyai peranan penting dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran. Pemilihan media yang tepat akan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa. Selain media, pendekatan pembelajaran yang mengembangkan level of inkiri sangat membantu siswa dalam menemukan dan membuktikan konsep berkaitan dengan materi fisika. Guru harus kreatif dalam memilih media pembelajaran dan pendekatan pembeljaran serta harus pintar menangkap peluang dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan yang melimpah yang ada disekitar kita sebagai media pembelajaran. Telah dibuat media pembelajaran berbahan barang bekas yang diberinama “Magic Circle” yang berfungsi menolong dan menjembatani siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam berfikir abstrak untuk membantu belajar materi induksi magnetik pada materi fisika kelas XII ilmu alam. Untuk melengkapi pemikiran abstrak siswa digunakan alat dengan nama “Magnetic Swings” yang dapat membuat siswa untuk berinkuiri dalam pembelajran induksi magnetik. Salah satu alasan mengapa alat ini perlu dibuat karena pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya daya serap untuk materi induksi dan gaya magnetik terhitung sangat rendah baik daya serap untuk tingkat sekolah, kota provinsi maupun nasional. Tercatat untuk daya serap gaya magnetik yaitu 65,97% pada tingkat sekolah, 68,41% pada tigkat kota, 59,10% tingkat provinsi dan 64,95% untuk tingkat nasional pada Ujian Nasional tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Dengan menggunakan alat ini pemahaman siswa berkitan dengan penentuan arah untuk besaran-besaran fisika berkaitan induksi dan gaya magnetik menjadi lebih baik. Hal ini juga dapat dilihat dari perbandingan hasil belajar pada Penilaian harian materi induksi magnetik pada tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 yang mengalami perbedan yang signifikan, kelas yang menggunakan pendekatan inkuiri ( 3 kelas) dengan rata-rata masing-masing 83,6 ; 85,14 dan 87,16 sedangkan untuk 3 kelas yang tidak menggunakan pendekatan inkuiri didapatkaan nilai rata-rata masing-masing 76,57 ; 76,64 dan 69,58. Diharapkan pada Ujian Nasional tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 daya serap siswa akan mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan.
Nikel Ara Katman Kullanılarak İnsörtlü Toz Enjeksiyon Kalıplama Yöntemiyle WC-Co/HSS Kompozit Parça Üretiminin Araştırılması
Authors: KOÇAK Harun , SAMET Kamran , YILMAZ Oğuz , KARATAŞ Çetin 
Published: May 2018

Toz
enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemiyle yüksek yoğunluklu metal, seramik,
kompozit ve intermetal malzemelerden geometrik hassasiyete sahip küçük
parçaların üretimi yapılabilmektedir. Daha büyük parçalar üretebilmek için
insört adı verilen hazır parça kalıp içerisine yerleştirilerek üzerine toz
enjeksiyon kalıplama yapılmaktadır. Bu yöntem insörtlü toz enjeksiyon kalıplama
(İTEK) olarak adlandırılmaktadır. İTEK yöntemi,
daha büyük parçaların üretiminde kullanılmasının yanında farklı
malzemelerden parça üretimi için de kullanılabilecek bir yöntemdir. Bu
çalışmada nikel ara katman kullanılarak insörtlü
toz enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemiyle WC-Co/HSS kompozit parça üretimi
araştırılmıştır. Sinterleme sıcaklığının ve süresinin etkileri, besleme
stokunda meydana gelen boyutsal çekme ve ara bölgedeki kesme dayanımı
incelenmiştir. Sıcaklık ve süre arttıkça enjekte kısmın boyutsal çekme miktarı
artmaktadır. En yüksek boyutsal çekme oranı, 1250 °C 360 dakikada sinterlenen
numunelerde %15,92 olarak ölçülmüştür. Deneylerde en yüksek kesme mukavemeti
1200 °C sıcaklık ve 120 dakika sinterleme süresiyle, 100 µm Ni ara katman
kullanılan numunede 114 MPa olarak elde edilmiştir.
Toz Metal AA 2014-SiC-B4C Kompozit/Hibrit Malzemelerinin Mikroyapı ve Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: GÖKMEŞE Hakan , KARADAĞ Hakan Burak 
Published: May 2018

Bu
çalışmada, toz metalurjisi yöntemiyle AA 2014 aluminyum alaşımı ve B4C-SiC
seramik parçacık takviyeli hibrit metal matrisli kompozit malzemelerinin
üretimi, mikroyapı ve mekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, SiC
(%5-10-15), B4C (%5-10-15) ve
B4C-SiC (%10-%10) farklı hacim oranlarında seramik parçacık
takviyeli kompozit ve hibrit kompozit malzemeleri aluminyum matris yapısında
üretilmiştir. Matris ve takviye toz karışımları, tek yönlü olarak 700MPa
altında blok numuneler şeklinde preslenerek, Argon atmosferinde 600ºC
sıcaklıkta 1 saat sinterlenmiştir. Üretimi gerçekleştirilen deney numuneleri,
SEM (Taramalı Elektron Mikroskop), Optik mikroskop ve mikro sertlik (HV 0.1)
ölçümleri bakımından karakterize edilmiştir. B4C ve SiC seramik
parçacıklarının hacim oranın artışına bağlı olarak, aluminyum matris yapısında
homojen bir dağılım sergilediği mikro yapı görüntüleri ile tespit
edilmiştir. AA 2014 aluminyum alaşımına
göre, artan SiC ve B4C seramik parçacık takviye oranına bağlı
olarak, sertlik değerlerinin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. B4C-SiC
parçacık takviyeli hibrit kompozit malzemelerinde ise, %15 B4C ve
%15 SiC içeren tek seramik faz takviyesine göre nispeten mikro sertlik değeri
azalmıştır.
Non-polynomial spline finite difference method for solving second order boundary value problem
Authors: A. Taha Bushra , J. Kadhim Abdulhassan 
Published: May 2018

Second -order two-point boundary value problems (BVPs) were solved based on a of non-polynomial spline general functions with finite difference method.In this paper we discusses a method depended on using special finite-difference approximations for derivatives and formatting a formula that can be deal with endpoints that exceed the usual finite-difference formula for derivatives. Convergence analysis of the method is discussed. The numerical description of the method is shown by four examples. So the results obtained by our method are very encouraging over other existing methods.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity Evaluation of Hydrazones by Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship
Authors: Alisi Ikechukwu Ogadimma , Uzairu Adamu , Abechi Stephen Eyije , Idris Sulaiman Ola 
Published: May 2018

The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (<strong>DPPH</strong>) free radical scavenging properties of selected hydrazone antioxidants was investigated by the application of Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (<strong>QSAR</strong>). Density functional theory (<strong>DFT</strong>) was employed in the optimization of the molecular structures. Internal and external validation as well as y-randomization tests were conducted in order to confirm the statistical reliability and acceptability of the developed models. The leverage approach was employed in the assessment of the applicability domain of the developed model. While the relative contribution and strength of each descriptor in the model was obtained by estimating the variation inflation factor, mean effect, and degree of contribution of each descriptor in the developed model. Model 3 which gave the best validation results was chosen as the best of the five models. This model dictates that the most important descriptors that influence the free radical scavenging activities of the hydrazone antioxidants are the Broto-Moreau autocorrelation - lag 2 / weighted by polarizabilities; Count of atom-type H E-State: H on C bonded to saturated C; Number of hydrogen bond donors (using CDK H Bond Donor Count Descriptor algorithm); Structural information content index (neighborhood symmetry of 1-order) and the 3D topological distance based autocorrelation - lag 7 / weighted by I-state descriptors. The Structural information content index descriptor was observed to be the most influential of all the descriptors
Spring spacing behaviour of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus males does not limit numbers at leks
Authors: Wegge Per , Kvålsgard Tone , Hjeljord Olav , Sivkov Andrey V. 
Published: May 2018

Studies in Fennoscandia and Central Europe have shown that in spring male capercaillie establish more or less exclusive home ranges around leks. Thus, such territorial spacing behaviour might limit the number of males at leks. However, the results of our study in the Pinega Reserve, a pristine boreal forest in northwestern Russia, during the springs of 2000 and 2001 do not support this hypothesis. Home ranges of radio‐collared birds (N = 11) at a lek with > 25 attending males were almost completely overlapping. The ranges of adults were of the same general size (47.5 ha) and were distributed within the same distance (ca 1 km) from the lek centre as reported elsewhere. Also, as found in other studies, yearlings and two‐year olds did not have well‐defined ranges; yearlings visited other leks and adults returned to the same lek and daytime ranges in successive years. The inter‐lek distance between the three large leks was longer (4.0 km) than reported from smaller leks in two study areas in Norway (2.0 and 2.1 km). However, the inter‐lek zone beyond the two 1 km radii of adjacent leks appeared not to be occupied by adult males attending these leks. In spite of largely overlapping ranges, adults tended to avoid each other. The mean distance between eight of 10 possible pair combinations of five males located simultaneously within their combined ranges were significantly farther apart (P < 0.05) than random pair distances. Thus, a system of hierarchical dominance may act to adjust the day‐to‐day positions of neighbours, but it has little effect on the number of males attending a lek.
Fidelity of greater sage‐grouse Centrocercus urophasianus to breeding areas in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Schroeder Michael A. , Robb Leslie A. 
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we report on breeding site fidelity for a small, localized population of greater sage‐grouse Centrocercus urophasianus inhabiting a highly altered and fragmented landscape in north‐central Washington, USA. One hundred sixteen greater sage‐grouse were captured, fitted with radio transmitters and monitored during 1992–1998. Of 19 males captured as adults and nine captured as yearlings, one and four, respectively, were observed visiting two different leks. Of 78 females, 24 were observed visiting at least two leks, and eight visited at least three leks. Although the incidence of multiple lek visitation was similar to what has been reported for other regions, the average of 10.2 km distance between neighbouring leks was substantially further in north‐central Washington. Average distance between a female's first nest and her renest was higher for yearlings (6.3 km) than for adults (2.0 km). Successful females moved an average of 1.6 km and unsuccessful females moved 5.2 km to nest in subsequent years. Most distances between consecutive nests were <3.0 km, but some females, including adults, moved > 20 km. These data suggest that fidelity of greater sage‐grouse to nesting areas in north‐central Washington is substantially lower than has been found for other populations. Although the relationship between behaviour of greater sage‐grouse and regional habitat fragmentation is a possible explanation for these observations, we were not able to detect a correlation between fidelity and local habitat availability.
Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus ‐ a good candidate for an umbrella species in taiga forests
Authors: Pakkala Timo , Pellikka Jani , Lindén Harto 
Published: May 2018

The capercaillie Tetrao urogallus is widely accepted as a species seriously suffering from fragmentation of forests and habitat loss. Foresters as well as conservationists agree on the need and principles for maintaining viable populations, but the proposed management means often differ. The approach currently favoured by Finnish foresters is to manage capercaillie leks and their surroundings using methods that differ from those used in intensive forestry. It may be desirable to prove that forests with capercaillie leks also favour other forest bird species and biodiversity in general. During the last 16 years (1987–2002), forest birds have been censused and capercaillie leks were mapped in the 465‐km2 study area in southern Finland. Most of the study area consists of spruce‐dominated mature forests. The remainder of the landscape is a mixture of variously aged forests, agricultural areas, lakes and scattered human settlements with a gradient from an agricultural‐forest mosaic to forest‐dominated areas. The old‐growth forest bird species three‐toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus, pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum and red‐breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva were more abundant within 300 m and 1,000 m radii around capercaillie lek sites than in non‐lek control sites. Also the overall species richness of breeding forest birds was higher in the vicinity of capercaillie leks. On a larger scale (100 × 100 km squares), using the wildlife triangle scheme developed in Finland, we show that the density of capercaillie closely coincides with a wildlife richness index describing the total abundance of 15 other forest‐dwelling mammal and bird species with diverse ecology and habitat requirements. Capercaillie is a flagship species for foresters, and can be considered a good candidate for an umbrella species for wildlife in taiga forests.
Indices to estimate fat depots in American marten Martes americana
Authors: Robitaille Jean‐François , Cobb Eric W. 
Published: May 2018

The relationships between fat depots and body fat content and between protein content and protein indices were examined in American marten Martes americana carcasses obtained from trappers in northeastern Ontario during the 1995/96 fur harvest season. Percent fat and percent protein did not differ significantly between sexes (t = 0.45 and 0.55, P = 0.66 and 0.58, respectively). Protein contents did not vary much among 42 individuals (range: 14–19%), and therefore we found no significant index of percent protein (0.01 < r < 0.23, P > 0.05, N = 42). In the development phase, percent fat (PFAT) was better predicted by six of the eight potential fat indices, and better predicted in females than in males (N = 17 and 18, respectively), but the omentum dry mass (ODM) performed best with both sexes (r2 = 0.69 and 0.80 males and females, respectively). During the test phase (N = 18 males, 22 females), estimated PFAT based on ODM (per sex) did not differ from observed percent fat in either males or in females (paired t = 0.01 and 1.28; P = 0.99 and 0.22, respectively). The models slightly overestimated the number of males and females of below average condition, which indicates that the models were conservative. The accuracy of the omentum dry mass fat depot appears adequate to detect changes of physical condition in harvested marten populations. The lack of variation in protein contents 1) indicates that most animals were near average protein level, possibly due to suitable habitat conditions and 2) prevented us from finding a protein index. We encourage the development of models where conditions (e.g. temperature regime, level of disturbance, carrying capacity) may be harsher for marten.
Effects of collar‐attached transmitters on behaviour, pair bond and breeding success of snow geeseAnser caerulescens atlanticus
Authors: Demers Frédéric , Giroux Jean‐François , Gauthier Gilles , Bêty Joël 
Published: May 2018

There is growing evidence that harnesses may not be an effective technique to attach radio‐transmitters on geese. The use of neck collars is an alternative, but studies on the effect of collars with or without radios on geese have reached divergent conclusions. As our objective was to determine if radio neck collars affect behaviour, pair bonds and breeding success of greater snow geeseAnser caerulescens atlanticus, we fitted 230 females with radio neck collars during the 1995–1998 moulting periods on Bylot Island, Nunavut. Data were subsequently obtained for 159 birds on the staging and breeding grounds. Radios represented 2.5 ± 0.1 % (± SE) of the birds' body mass. Unmarked geese and those fitted with conventional plastic collars served as controls. The behaviour of radiocollared geese was affected during the first fall after marking, but negative effects disappeared thereafter. Geese with conventional collars had similar behaviour as unmarked birds. Divorce rates were low for birds with conventional collars (0–4%), but were as great as 30% for radio‐collared geese. We suggest that the modified behaviour of the radio‐collared females promoted separation from the male. Apparent breeding propensity, nest initiation date, clutch size and nesting success of radio‐marked birds were also negatively affected. Until better alternatives are developed, we recommend minimizing the mass of radio collars to < 2.5% of the birds' body mass and reducing the antenna length. This implies a trade‐off between effects on birds and performance of the transmitters in terms of battery mass (longevity) and antenna length (range).
Incubation success of released hand‐reared pheasants Phasianus colchicus compared with wild ones
Authors: Sage Rufus B. , Putaala Ahti , Pradell‐Ruiz Veronica , Greenall Tracy L. , Woodburn Maureen I.A. , Draycott Roger A.H. 
Published: May 2018

We investigated previously observed but unexplained differences in incubation success between wild and hand‐reared common pheasants Phasianus colchicus. Hand‐reared birds are widely released in late summer in Britain and elsewhere to supplement wild stocks for shooting purposes. We radio‐tracked 53 wild and 35 previously released reared female pheasants occupying simultaneously the same areas on a game‐keepered estate in eastern England between February and mid July 1999 and 2000. Predation of adult birds was comparatively low for both wild and reared birds, and overall survival did not differ between years or between groups. However, of 52 nests incubated by wild females 49% hatched, whereas of 30 nests incubated by reared pheasants only 22% hatched. Mayfield estimates of daily nest survival probability thus differed significantly between groups. However, predation of eggs was similar for both wild and reared birds. Instead the observed difference in hatch rates was due to nest abandonment, with more reared females (41%) deserting apparently unmolested nest sites than wild females (6%).
Field anaesthetic and surgical techniques for implantation of intraperitoneal radio transmitters in Eurasian beavers Castor fiber
Authors: Ranheim Birgit , Rosell Frank , Haga Henning Andreas , Arnemo Jon M. 
Published: May 2018

Radio transmitters were implanted intraperitoneally in 22 (nine females, 13 males) adult, territorial Eurasian beavers Castor fiber under field conditions. Two different injectable anaesthestic drug combinations were tested. Access to the peritoneal cavity was made through a ventral midline incision. The animals in group # 1 (N = 10) were initially injected with medetomidine (0.05 mg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.1 mg/kg). Three animals needed additional injections of the drug combination. Muscle relaxation was poor and variable and some of the animals were sound sensitive. When midazolam (0.25 mg/kg) was added to the drug combination (group # 2), muscle relaxation was excellent and the beavers (N = 12) did not react to sound stimuli. All surgeries were successfully performed. One animal in group # 1 died postoperatively due to circulatory failure. The behaviour and movements of the beavers did not appear to be affected by the procedure or the implant, except for the first few days when more time was spent inside the lodges. All beavers stayed in their original territory until they died, or as long as 17–24 months after the implantation. Based on these results, it appears that an injectable drug combination based on medetomidine, ketamine, butorphanol and midazolam and a surgical access through the ventral midline is suitable for implanting radio transmitters intraperitoneally in beavers under field conditions.
Influence of snow cover on wolf Canis lupus predation patterns in Bieszczady Mountains, Poland
Authors: Gula Roman 
Published: May 2018

Sex, age, bone marrow fat (BMF) content, degree of carcass utilisation and terrain features were analysed for 118 ungulates killed by wolves Canis lupus in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland, during the winters of 1992–1995 to assess the influence of snow depth on the wolves' predation patterns. In Bieszczady, the snow conditions during the study period were milder than average, with an average total annual snow depth of 1,372 cm and an average snow cover lasting for 94 days. Red deer Cervus elaphus were the primary wolf prey (81%), whereas wild boar Sus scrofa and roe deer Capreolus capreolus were killed less often (9% and 10%, respectively). The majority of prey (74%) was killed in creeks and ravines. The carcass exploitation by wolves was high; of the recovered prey, 55% was more than 60% consumed. The average condition of red deer, as based on BMF, was high (83.4%). BMF varied most among red deer stags and calves, and varied with annual snow depth (N = 29, P < 0.0 1; N = 28, P = 0.09) and monthly mean snow depth (τ = ‐0.37, P < 0.005; τ = ‐0.25, P = 0.06). Wolves killed adult red deer in creeks and ravines with the same frequency regardless of snow depth, whereas calves were killed less often in these places than should be expected from their overall proportion in the sample (N = 95, χ2 = 24.34, P < 0.001). During periods with thinner snow cover, consumption of red deer carcasses was slightly higher than during periods in which the snow cover was deep (τ = ‐0.42, P < 0.045).