bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chasing the Neutrino Blazar Candidates
Authors: Zhu Jingtian , Cao Haitao , Xiao Hubing , Pei Zhiyuan , Fan JunHui , Bastieri Denis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In our study of the correlations between IceCube-detected neutrino events and γ-ray properties of blazars, we recognize the inherent challenges posed by the limited detection of neutrinos. In this paper, we explore few-shot learning to deal with the class imbalance and few-shot issues presented in the incremental version of the 12 yr Fermi-LAT γ-ray source catalog (4FGL_ DR3). Specifically, we train a triplet network to transform the blazars with neutrino emission (NBs) and nonblazar samples into an embedding space where their similarities can be measured. With two-way three-shot learning, 199 out of 3708 blazars without neutrino emission (non-NBs) are considered as the potential blazars emitting neutrinos (NB candidates, or NBCs for short), with a similarity score against NBs exceeding 98%. Moreover, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test supports our identification of NBCs.
The Thermal Emission in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts with Extended Emission Observed by Fermi/GBM
Authors: Chang Xue-Zhao , Lü Hou-Jun , Yang Xing , Chen Jia-Ming , Liang En-Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) with extended emission (EE) are composed of initial main emission (ME) with a short hard spike, followed by a long-lasting EE. Whether the ME and EE originated from the same origin or not, as well as the jet composition, remains an open question. In this paper, we present a systematic analysis of 36 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in our sample, which are identified as the category of SGRBs with EE as observed by Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. By extracting time-integrated spectra of ME and EE with cutoff power-law or Band models for our sample, we find that 20 out of 36 SGRBs have α values that exceed the death line (e.g., −2/3) of synchrotron emission within either ME or EE phases, and we suggest that the quasi-thermal component should exist in the prompt emission. Then, we extract the time-resolved spectra of our samples, but only four GRBs are bright enough to extract the time-resolved spectra. We find that both thermal and nonthermal emissions do exist in the prompt emission of those four bright GRBs, which suggests that a hybrid jet (e.g., matter and Poynting-flux outflow) in GRBs should exist. Moreover, strong positive correlations (e.g., F
tot–Γ and F
tot–kT) in the time-resolved spectra of ME and EE for those four GRBs have been discovered. This indicates that the spectral evolution of both ME and EE seem to share similar behavior, possibly from the same physical origin.
Predictors for vaccine hesitancy among nursing students in Namibia
Authors: Gabriel Rebekka N. , Kashiva Alfeus D. , Shikesho Ottilie N. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a priority group targeted for vaccination because they are greatly exposed to infectious agents.Aim: To determine the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and associated risk factors for vaccine hesitancy to recommend vaccine uptake strategies among student nurses.Setting: The study was carried out at the University of Namibia, main campus in Windhoek.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken using a proportionate stratified sampling method. The total sample for the study was 509 students. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 29 was used to analyse data. Frequencies and proportions were calculated. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were conducted to pronounce the predictors for vaccine hesitancy.Results: Only 31.40% students were vaccinated against COVID-19. Out of the vaccinated, 41.80% (p 0.001) were previously infected with COVID-19. Participants who were not HCWs before nursing school were most likely not to be vaccinated (p 0.001). Most unvaccinated students were hesitant because of a lack of information about the COVID-19 vaccine’s side effects (50.36%) and not knowing its effectiveness (38.13%). A total 60.80% of the participants believed a vaccine was needed to overcome the pandemic.Conclusion: We recommend the creation of targeted awareness campaigns that shed more light on the benefits of vaccination and vaccine side effects.Contribution: The study identifies key factors that can be targeted to change student nurses’ behaviour towards vaccination and offers valuable data that can inform preparedness and response strategies for future pandemics in Namibia and similar regions.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Interstitial Lung Disease Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure Admitted to the ICU
Authors: Pahuja Sourabh , Kuriakose Milta , Agarwal Satyam , Bajad Pradeep , Khanna Arjun , Talwar Deepak 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Acute respiratory failure is a dreaded complication of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and is the most significant reason for mortality in most forms of ILDs. Knowledge of outcome predictors that can be assessed early after intensive care unit (ICU) admission would help guide the use of specific treatments. The present study attempts to identify the baseline characteristics of ILD patients admitted due to acute respiratory failure to ICU and to evaluate the cause of acute respiratory failure in these patients, management, and the outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
An observational cohort study was carried out in a tertiary care center in North India on 50 previously diagnosed patients of ILD hospitalized due to acute respiratory failure between January and December 2022. All relevant clinical, investigational, and treatment data were collected from the hospital information system.

Results:
The baseline mean FVC and 6-min walk distance were lower for non-survivors. The baseline mean DLCO was significantly lower among non-survivors. Comparatively, the radiology pattern of both groups showed that the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern was associated with highest mortality. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Mortality was higher in those with lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio than among the survivors. Sputum culture positivity had a statistically significant impact on mortality. The mean hospital stay time was considerably higher in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and in patients with Type 2 respiratory failure.

Conclusion:
Baseline lung function tests, comorbidities, and exacerbating factors are invaluable in predicting the clinical outcomes. It is essential to perform all the diagnostic examinations at the earliest to ensure prompt initiation of the most appropriate therapy and lower hospital mortality. Distinguishing those patients who have a known cause for their ILD from those who do not was found to be crucial for deciding the most appropriate management.
Diagnosing Autoimmune Bullous Diseases—An Indian Perspective
Authors: Bhandari Adhyatm , De Dipankar , Shah Shikha , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Kumar Vinod , Mahajan Rahul , Handa Sanjeev 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) are a group of illnesses characterized by autoantibodies targeting adhesion molecules in the skin and mucosa. Accurate diagnosis of the specific subtype of AIBD is crucial for effective management and predicting prognosis, especially in cases with an increased risk of malignancy. However, differentiating between subtypes can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms.

Overview of diagnostic tests:
Direct immunofluorescence microscopy (DIF) detects in vivo bound antibodies in perilesional tissue biopsies and provides details about the probable site of autoantibody deposition within the skin/mucosae, immunoglobulin type, and pattern of antibody deposition. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) microscopy with organ substrate is a minimally invasive serological test that detects circulating autoantibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantifies serum autoantibodies against specific autoantigens. Quantitative ELISA is useful for diagnosis, monitoring therapy, and assessing disease activity. Commercially available ELISA kits, including the multi-variant ones, can detect antibodies associated with AIBDs. BIOCHIP is a technique based on IIF that offers a sensitive and specific diagnostic alternative to ELISA. It uses microarrays with multiple antigenic substrates to simultaneously screen common AIBDs. The BIOCHIP slides contain different substrates, allowing the identification of multiple types of autoantibodies in a single test.

Indian context:
While these diagnostic tests offer valuable insights into target antigens, antibody patterns, and disease subtypes, it is important to note that the availability of these tests is limited in most centers across India. This limitation can be attributed to factors such as the relatively higher cost of these investigations, challenges related to the stability of immuno-reactants, and a shortage of trained personnel capable of performing such tests.

Conclusion:
This review discusses the diagnosis of AIBDs based on resources available in India, as of today. It also provides with practically applicable diagnostic algorithms for pragmatic diagnosis of AIBDs in Indian scenario.
Measuring up: Ensuring Intra- and Interobserver Reliability in Stretched Penile Length with the SPLINT Technique
Authors: Goel Prabudh , Choudhury Prativa , Verma Vivek , Phugat Shivani , Kalaivani Mani , Singh Teg Rabab , Sharma Kanika , Jain Vishesh , Yadav Devendra Kumar , Dhua Anjan Kumar , Agarwala Sandeep 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
A discrepancy between the true and measured value of stretched penile length (SPL) may be a result of errors that can either be systematic or random. Hence, it becomes important to focus on the quality of measurements to prevent any iatrogenic harm to the patients.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude of intra- and interobserver variations in the measurement of SPL with the SPLINT technique.

Materials and Methods:
SPL was measured prospectively in a cohort of 449 boys aged 0–14 years including 68 infants (substratified into Group I: >4 years, Group II: 4–8 years, and Group III: >8 years) with the SPLINT technique by expert (E: E1 and E2) and trainee (T: T1 and T2) surgeons after completing a three-tiered training module. Intra- and interobserver variability was assessed through descriptive statistics, intraclass correlation (ICC), relative technical error of measurement (rTEM), and reliability or R (%).

Results:
Intraobserver variability: the mean difference between the two readings (E1 and E2) is 0.08 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.073–0.087), ICC was 0.998 (95% CI: 0.997–0.998), and intraobserver variability ≤0.1 cm in 85% of the participants (n = 370 of 433). The rTEM and reliability (%) were 1.82% and 98.1% (Group I), 1.65% and 98.9% (Group II), and 1.09% and 99.7% (Group III), respectively. The intraobserver variability was observed to be inversely proportional to the age of the participants (correlation coefficient = −0.56). Interobserver variability was calculated separately for expert versus trainee and trainee versus trainee (T-vs-T) measurements. For expert versus expert, ICC, rTEM, and reliability (%) were 0.984, 2.4%, and 96.8% (Group 1), 0.992, 2.07%, and 98.3% (Group 2), and 0.997, 1.38%, and 99.05% (Group 3), respectively. A similar pattern of variability was observed for T-vs-T measurements. The reliability (%) of the SPL by experts is consistently more than that of trainees across all age groups; however, the difference ameliorates with the age of participant.

Conclusions:
The study has validated the SPLINT technique by demonstrating a high level of intra- and interobserver reliability. The adequacy of the training modules for SPL measurements described in this study has also been established. Evidence that the SPL can be used as an objective marker of penile dimensions is herewith furnished.
Impact of Informative Videos on Proxy Consent by Parents for Pediatric Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dudhani Shreyas , Kumar Bindey , Sinha Amit Kumar , Kumar Amit , Rashi Rashi , Shandilya Gaurav 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Consent is never truly exercised in children as parents act as their proxy and often do not understand the advantages, disadvantages, risks, and benefits of the procedure. Their high anxiety state is mirrored in the child, leading to slower recovery. Hence, this study was designed to understand if an intervention can impact the effect of consent on parents’ anxiety, satisfaction, and knowledge.

Methodology:
A two-arm, parallel design, randomized controlled trial was conducted from March 2020 to March 2022 to analyze the effect of an educational video in comparison to an informational leaflet in parents giving proxy consents for various listed pediatric surgical procedures.

Results:
Parents in the video group had a higher mean knowledge score (6.97 vs. 6.77, P = 0.40), comparable satisfaction scores (27.45 vs. 27.58, P = 0.88), and statistically insignificant difference between anxiety scores. We noted highest score of satisfaction (28.5/40) in the parents educated up to High School level or less. Knowledge scores were lowest in pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction (5.1/10) patients.

Conclusions:
Our study done over a period of 2 years included a variety of diagnoses, and the videos and information leaflets were self-designed. It showed comparable anxiety, knowledge, or satisfaction in parents. Studies with more participants would be needed to take this research forward.
Impact of Dual-coated Silver Nanoparticle and Antibiotic Sutures on Wound Healing in Inflammatory Mouse Models
Authors: Pandey Vaibhav , Gupta Amit , Choudhary Indra Singh , Imran Mohammad , Mudavath Shyam Lal , Kar Amrita Ghosh , Nandan Ruchira 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in biomedicine has emerged in a big way owing to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesize that combining the AgNPs with antibiotics for coating sutures will enhance the antibacterial property of sutures with the added advantage of the immunomodulatory effect of AgNPs on tissue healing.

Materials and Methods:
Polyglactin sutures were coated with AgNPs using the dip-coating method. The uniform coating and morphology of AgNPs on the suture surface were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each type of suture – polyglactin plain, antibiotic coated (Triclosan), AgNP coated, and dually coated (antibiotic and AgNP) – was assessed for their antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and anaerobes. These sutures were utilized in an abdominal and systemic inflammatory mice model for ileal anastomosis. The intestinal tissue was evaluated for acute and chronic inflammation and collagen deposition to assess the healing and inflammatory response.

Results:
The SEM and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed successful coating of AgNPs on plain and antibiotic-coated sutures. In comparison with the other groups, the dually coated suture had the best in vitro antibacterial efficacy. The AgNP-coated sutures were able to decrease both acute and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, but the collagen synthesis and deposition were enhanced.

Conclusion:
AgNPs can be coated on Polyglactin suture either alone or in combination with antibiotics with preserved antibacterial effects. The dual coating of sutures gives a synergistic antibacterial effect. The AgNP diminishes immune response in the presence of preserved extracellular matrix generation.
Deformations of some local Calabi-Yau manifolds
Authors: Friedman Robert , Laza Radu 
Published: November 2024

We study deformations of certain crepant resolutions of isolated rational Gorenstein singularities. After a general discussion of the deformation theory, we specialize to dimension $3$ and consider examples which are good (log) resolutions as well as the case of small resolutions. We obtain some partial results on the classification of canonical threefold singularities that admit good crepant resolutions. Finally, we study a noncrepant example, the blowup of a small resolution whose exceptional set is a smooth curve.Comment: 35 pages, 3 figures; v6 - final version
A spectral–structural characterization of European temperate, hemiboreal, and boreal forests
Authors: Rautiainen Miina , Hovi Aarne , Schraik Daniel , Hanuš Jan , Lukeš Petr , Lhotáková Zuzana , Homolová Lucie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract. Radiative transfer models of vegetation play a crucial role in the development of remote sensing methods by providing a theoretical framework to explain how electromagnetic radiation interacts with vegetation in different spectral regions. A limiting factor in model development has been the lack of sufficiently detailed ground reference data on both the structural and spectral characteristics of forests needed for testing and validating the models. In this data description paper, we present a dataset on the structural and spectral properties of 58 stands in temperate, hemiboreal, and boreal European forests. It is specifically designed for the development and validation of radiative transfer models for forests but can also be utilized in other remote sensing studies. It comprises detailed data on forest structure based on forest inventory measurements, terrestrial and airborne laser scanning, and digital hemispherical photography. Furthermore, the data include spectral properties of the same forests at multiple scales: reflectance spectra of tree leaves and needles (based on laboratory measurements), the forest floor (based on in situ measurements), and entire stands (based on airborne measurements), as well as transmittance spectra of tree leaves and needles and entire tree canopies (based on laboratory and in situ measurements, respectively). We anticipate that these data will have wide use in testing and validating radiative transfer models for forests and in the development of remote sensing methods for vegetation. The data can be accessed at Hovi et al. (2024a, https://doi.org/10.23729/9a8d90cd-73e2-438d-9230-94e10e61adc9) (for laboratory and field data) and Hovi et al. (2024b, https://doi.org/10.23729/c6da63dd-f527-4ec9-8401-57c14f77d19f) (for airborne data).
Assessment of Vidian canal morphology in axial section and its associated structures using cone beam computed tomography: A descriptive study
Authors:   Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru - 570015 Karnataka, India, Solayappan Eswari , Patil Karthikeya , Sanjay CJ , Christopher Varusha Sharon 
Published: November 2024

The Vidian Nerve (VN), a branch of the trigeminal nerve, passes by the Vidian Canal (VC), located at the base of the skull. The VC branches into the greater petrosal nerve and the VN in the pterygopalatine fossa, where the greater petrosal nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the lacrimal glands and nasal mucosa, and the VN carries sensory fibers from the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and palate. In this study, 60 subjects of both sexes who underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were selected by a convenient sampling technique. The data were subjected to statistical analysis following the examination of the various parameters in the axial sections. Among the various morphological characteristics appraised in the axial section, there was no significant sexual dimorphism, except for the angle between the VC and the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, which shows statistical significance. The present study aims to investigate morphometric analysis and its associated structures, offering insightful information about the complex structure of the Vidian canal (VC), which provides adequate knowledge for surgeons to plan with more caution complex skull base procedures, and eventually to lower the therapeutical risks associated with it.
Lactation Massage and Hypnobreastfeeding Relaxation Techniques in Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Setiani Nina , Lutfiyanti Aulia 
Published: November 2024

Breast milk is a kind of food that is good for meeting all the physical needs of babies. Breast milk contains most of the nutritional elements, hormones and immunity of a baby. After that the baby will only get breast milk until the baby is six months old, after the baby is six months old the baby will be given complementary food for breast milk until the baby is even two years old. Purpose: this research is to find out the description of nursing care for normal postpartum mothers who experience ineffective breastfeeding at Koja Jakarta Hospital in 2023 with lactation massage and hypnobreastfeeding relaxation techniques. Methodology: the research used is a descriptive researcher with a case study design that will be carried out in June 2023. Results: a study of patients who experienced ineffective breastfeeding by means of lactation massage and hypnobreastfeeding relaxation techniques, could increase milk production, reduce breast swelling and reduce pain. This can happen because of the willingness of the client to follow. Conclusion: lactation massage techniques and hypnobreastfeeding relaxation techniques can be done when complaints of a little milk coming out, anxiety, swelling in the breasts of post partum mothers are normal.
A Research study on the role of religion in character building from an Islamic perspective
Authors: Hussain Shakir , Ali Muhammad Ramzan , Khurshed Mudassir 
Published: November 2024

Character development is a fundamental aspect of human growth and maturation. It shapes individuals' values, ethics, and behaviors, influencing not only their personal lives but also their interactions with society at large. Various factors contribute to character development, including family, education, culture, and personal experiences. Among these influential factors, religion holds a unique place, providing a moral compass and ethical framework for adherents. This research study delves into the critical role of religion, specifically within the Islamic tradition, in shaping the character of individuals and, by extension, the character of communities and societies. The Islamic perspective on character development is deeply rooted in a rich history of religious teachings, moral principles, and ethical guidelines. Islam, as a comprehensive way of life, not only offers a system of beliefs and rituals but also provides a profound foundation for moral conduct and personal integrity. The Quran, the holy book of Islam, and the Hadith, which consists of the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), serve as primary sources of guidance for Muslims in their journey toward character refinement. The principles of justice, compassion, honesty, humility, and many more, as articulated in these texts, are integral to the Islamic worldview. This research study seeks to explore the multifaceted impact of Islamic teachings on character development. It endeavors to investigate how the values and beliefs ingrained in the Islamic faith influence the behavior and character of adherents. Furthermore, it aims to uncover the various mechanisms through which religious institutions, family structures, and the wider Islamic community contribute to character building. Additionally, this study will examine the challenges and barriers individuals face when striving to align their character with Islamic principles in contemporary society.