bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power reserve following ramp-incremental cycling to exhaustion: implications for muscle fatigue and function
Authors: Hodgson Michael D. , Keir Daniel A. , Copithorne David B. , Rice Charles L. , Kowalchuk John M. 
Published: April 2018

In ramp-incremental cycling exercise, some individuals are capable of producing power output (PO) in excess of that produced at their limit of tolerance (LoT) whereas others cannot. This study sought to describe the 1) prevalence of a “power reserve” within a group of young men ( n = 21; mean ± SD: age 25 ± 4 yr; V̇o2max 45 ± 8 ml·kg−1·min−1); and 2) muscle fatigue characteristics of those with and without a power reserve. “Power reserve” (ΔPReserve) was determined as the difference between peak PO achieved during a ramp-incremental test to exhaustion and maximal, single-leg isokinetic dynamometer power determined within 45 s of completing the ramp-incremental test. Between-group differences in pre- vs. postexercise changes in voluntary and electrically stimulated single-leg muscle force production measures (maximal voluntary contraction torque, voluntary activation, maximal isotonic velocity and isokinetic power; 1-, 10-, 50-Hz torque; and 10/50-Hz ratio), V̇o2max, and constant-PO cycling time-to-exhaustion also were assessed. Frequency distribution analysis revealed a dichotomy in the prevalence of a power reserve within the sample resulting in two groups: 1) “No Reserve” (NRES: power reserve <5%; n = 10) and 2) “Reserve” (RES: power reserve >15%; n = 11). At the LoT, all participants had achieved V̇o2max. Muscle fatigue was evident in both groups, although the NRES group had greater reductions ( P < 0.05) in 10-Hz peak torque (PT), 10/50 Hz ratio, and maximal velocity. Time to the LoT during the constant PO test was 22 ± 16% greater ( P < 0.05) in RES (116 ± 19 s; PO = 317 ± 52 W) than in NRES (90 ± 23 s; PO = 337 ± 71 W), despite similar ramp-incremental exercise durations and V̇o2max between groups. Compared with the RES group, the NRES group accrued greater peripheral muscle fatigue at the LoT, suggesting that the mechanisms contributing to exhaustion in a ramp-incremental protocol are not uniform. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that the mechanisms associated with the limit of tolerance during ramp-incremental cycling exercise differ between those who are capable of generating power output in excess of that at exercise termination vs. those who are not. Those without a “power reserve” exhibit greater peripheral muscle fatigue and reduced muscle endurance, supporting the hypothesis that exhaustion occurs at a specific level of neuromuscular fatigue. In contrast, those with a power reserve likely are limited by other mechanisms.
Kinematic patterns while walking on a slope at different speeds
Authors: Dewolf A. H. , Ivanenko Y. , Zelik K. E. , Lacquaniti F. , Willems P. A. 
Published: April 2018

During walking, the elevation angles of the thigh, shank, and foot (i.e., the angle between the segment and the vertical) covary along a characteristic loop constrained on a plane. Here, we investigate how the shape of the loop and the orientation of the plane, which reflect the intersegmental coordination, change with the slope of the terrain and the speed of progression. Ten subjects walked on an inclined treadmill at different slopes (between −9° and +9°) and speeds (from 0.56 to 2.22 m/s). A principal component analysis was performed on the covariance matrix of the thigh, shank, and foot elevation angles. At each slope and speed, the variance accounted for by the two principal components was >99%, indicating that the planar covariation is maintained. The two principal components can be associated to the limb orientation (PC1*) and the limb length (PC2*). At low walking speeds, changes in the intersegmental coordination across slopes are characterized mainly by a change in the orientation of the covariation plane and in PC2* and to a lesser extent, by a change in PC1*. As speed increases, changes in the intersegmental coordination across slopes are more related to a change in PC1 *, with limited changes in the orientation of the plane and in PC 2*. Our results show that the kinematic patterns highly depend on both slope and speed.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this paper, changes in the lower-limb intersegmental coordination during walking with slope and speed are linked to changes in the trajectory of the body center of mass. Modifications in the kinematic pattern with slope depend on speed: at slow speeds, the net vertical displacement of the body during each step is related to changes in limb length and orientation. When speed increases, the vertical displacement is mostly related to a change in limb orientation.
Inhibition of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Overcomes Resistance to Enzalutamide in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Cheng Lijun , Li Jie , Farah Elia , Atallah Nadia M. , Pascuzzi Pete E. , Gupta Sanjay , Liu Xiaoqi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Enzalutamide is a second-generation nonsteroidal antiandrogen clinically approved for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), yet resistance to endocrine therapy has limited its success in this setting. Although the androgen receptor (AR) has been associated with therapy failure, the mechanisms underlying this failure have not been elucidated. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its interaction with AR play a major role in acquisition of enzalutamide resistance. To validate the finding, we show upregulation of β-catenin and AR in enzalutamide-resistant cells, partially due to reduction of β-TrCP–mediated ubiquitination. Although activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in enzalutamide-sensitive cells led to drug resistance, combination of β-catenin inhibitor ICG001 with enzalutamide inhibited expression of stem-like markers, cell proliferation, and tumor growth synergistically in various models. Analysis of clinical datasets revealed a molecule pattern shift in different stages of prostate cancer, where we detected a significant correlation between AR and β-catenin expression. These data identify activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a major mechanism contributing to enzalutamide resistance and demonstrate the potential to stratify patients with high risk of said resistance.
Significance: Wnt/β-catenin inhibition resensitizes prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3147–62. ©2018 AACR.
Zika Virus Selectively Kills Aggressive Human Embryonal CNS Tumor Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Kaid Carolini , Goulart Ernesto , Caires-Júnior Luiz C. , Araujo Bruno H.S. , Soares-Schanoski Alessandra , Bueno Heloisa M.S. , Telles-Silva Kayque A. , Astray Renato M. , Assoni Amanda F. , Júnior Antônio F.R. , Ventini Daniella C. , Puglia Ana L.P. , Gomes Roselane P. , Zatz Mayana , Okamoto Oswaldo K. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is largely known for causing brain abnormalities due to its ability to infect neural progenitor stem cells during early development. Here, we show that ZIKV is also capable of infecting and destroying stem-like cancer cells from aggressive human embryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). When evaluating the oncolytic properties of Brazilian Zika virus strain (ZIKVBR) against human breast, prostate, colorectal, and embryonal CNS tumor cell lines, we verified a selective infection of CNS tumor cells followed by massive tumor cell death. ZIKVBR was more efficient in destroying embryonal CNS tumorspheres than normal stem cell neurospheres. A single intracerebroventricular injection of ZIKVBR in BALB/c nude mice bearing orthotopic human embryonal CNS tumor xenografts resulted in a significantly longer survival, decreased tumor burden, fewer metastasis, and complete remission in some animals. Tumor cells closely resembling neural stem cells at the molecular level with activated Wnt signaling were more susceptible to the oncolytic effects of ZIKVBR. Furthermore, modulation of Wnt signaling pathway significantly affected ZIKVBR-induced tumor cell death and viral shedding. Altogether, these preclinical findings indicate that ZIKVBR could be an efficient agent to treat aggressive forms of embryonal CNS tumors and could provide mechanistic insights regarding its oncolytic effects.
Significance: Brazilian Zika virus strain kills aggressive metastatic forms of human CNS tumors and could be a potential oncolytic agent for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3363–74. ©2018 AACR.
MVisAGe Identifies Concordant and Discordant Genomic Alterations of Driver Genes in Squamous Tumors
Authors: Walter Vonn , Du Ying , Danilova Ludmila , Hayward Michele C. , Hayes D. Neil 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Integrated analyses of multiple genomic datatypes are now common in cancer profiling studies. Such data present opportunities for numerous computational experiments, yet analytic pipelines are limited. Tools such as the cBioPortal and Regulome Explorer, although useful, are not easy to access programmatically or to implement locally. Here, we introduce the MVisAGe R package, which allows users to quantify gene-level associations between two genomic datatypes to investigate the effect of genomic alterations (e.g., DNA copy number changes on gene expression). Visualizing Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients according to the genomic positions of the underlying genes provides a powerful yet novel tool for conducting exploratory analyses. We demonstrate its utility by analyzing three publicly available cancer datasets. Our approach highlights canonical oncogenes in chr11q13 that displayed the strongest associations between expression and copy number, including CCND1 and CTTN, genes not identified by copy number analysis in the primary reports. We demonstrate highly concordant usage of shared oncogenes on chr3q, yet strikingly diverse oncogene usage on chr11q as a function of HPV infection status. Regions of chr19 that display remarkable associations between methylation and gene expression were identified, as were previously unreported miRNA–gene expression associations that may contribute to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Significance: This study presents an important bioinformatics tool that will enable integrated analyses of multiple genomic datatypes. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3375–85. ©2018 AACR.
21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay Predicts Benefit of Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy in T1-2 N1 Breast Cancer
Authors: Goodman Chelain R. , Seagle Brandon-Luke L. , Kocherginsky Masha , Donnelly Eric D. , Shahabi Shohreh , Strauss Jonathan B. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) yields improvements in both locoregional control and overall survival (OS) for women with T1-2 N1 breast cancer. The value of PMRT in this population has been questioned given advances in systemic therapy. The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay was evaluated as a predictor of OS among women with T1-2 N1 breast cancer who received or did not receive PMRT.
Experimental Design: An observational cohort study was performed on women with T1-2 N1 estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) and, as a validation cohort, from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) registry who underwent mastectomy and were evaluated for RS. Multivariable parametric accelerated failure time models were used to estimate associations of RS and PMRT with OS using propensity score-adjusted matched cohorts.
Results: In both the NCDB (N = 7,332) and SEER (N = 3,087) cohorts, there was a significant interaction of RS and PMRT with OS (P = 0.009 and P = 0.03, respectively). PMRT was associated with longer OS in women with a low RS [NCDB: time ratio (TR) = 1.70; 95% CI (confidence interval), 1.30–2.22; P &lt; 0.001; SEER: TR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.33–2.57; P &lt; 0.001], but not in women with an intermediate RS (NCDB: TR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.69–1.14; P = 0.35; SEER: TR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.62–1.14; P = 0.26), or a high RS (NCDB: TR = 1.10; 95% CI, 0.91–1.34; P = 0.33; SEER: TR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.50–1.23; P = 0.28).
Conclusions: Longer survival associated with PMRT was limited to women with a low RS. PMRT may confer the greatest OS benefit for patients at the lowest risk of distant recurrence. These results caution against omission of PMRT among women with low RS. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3878–87. ©2018 AACR.
The price of knowledge
Authors: Stehr Nico , Adolf Marian 
Published: April 2018

This article addresses the apparently rather old question as the citation from the 1851 issue of the Scientific American indicates – of how to assess and measure the value or price of knowledge. We will probe the issue from a variety of social scientific and practical perspectives. Against the background of a sociological concept of knowledge economic, political, social and juridical perspectives are discussed that may lead us to a price of knowledge.
Relações laborais na Argentina logo após o kirchnerismo (2003-2015): entre a participação e o retrocesso sindical
Authors: González Cecilia Senén , D'Urso Lucila 
Published: April 2018

Após uma década de estratégias sindicais ofensivas, enquadradas no crescimento econômico iniciado em 2003, a chegada de um governo de direita modifica o cenário, aumentando o desemprego e a pobreza. Nossa pergunta de investigação é sobre como se posicionam os sindicatos para resistir ou adaptar-se ao novo contexto.
<b>Butterfly diversity in human-modified ecosystems of southern Sikkim, the eastern Himalaya, India</b>
Authors: Chettri Prem Kumar , Sharma Kishor , Dewan Sailendra , Acharya Bhoj Kumar 
Published: April 2018

Understanding wild biodiversity of agroecosystems and other human dominated landscapes are crucial for the management and conservation of biological resources. Here, we studied the diversity, abundance, similarity and functionality of butterflies in different human modified ecosystems in southern Sikkim, the Eastern Himalaya. The study was conducted from January 2015 to May 2015 by covering three habitat types namely, farm-based agroforestry, large cardamom-based agroforestry and adjacent natural forest ecosystem. We followed point count method along the transect to collect data on butterflies in the study area. A total of 911 individual butterflies representing six families and 44 species were recorded during the present study in southern Sikkim. Species richness and abundances of butterflies were significantly different among the systems. While diversity and abundance were higher in forest patches, each system harbored unique species assemblages with low similarity between habitats. The information on larval host plants were available for 41 butterfly species which depended on 128 plant species belonging to 27 families. The butterfly community was dominated by oligophagous II (19 species) followed by polyphagous (11 species), monophagous (8 species) and oligophagous I (3 species). Similarly, generalist feeders had higher species and abundance compared to specialist feeders. Specialist species were confined to forest habitat, whereas generalist species were mostly restricted to cultivated systems. The findings of the study highlighted the need for conservation of traditionally managed agroecosystems in order to conserve butterflies and other associated biodiversity.
<b>An annotated checklist of the birds of the upper Siang region, Arunachal Pradesh, India</b>
Authors: Datta-Roy Anirban , Ramachandran Vivek , Teegalapalli Karthik 
Published: April 2018

We present the most comprehensive list of birds for the upper Siang region based on surveys and opportunistic observations from 2010 to 2016. Of the 252 species recorded for this region, we report 66 for the first time, including six globally threatened species. The presence of migratory waterfowl indicates the importance of the Siang Valley as a migratory route. We also emphasise the importance of mixed-use shifting cultivation landscapes outside protected areas in sustaining bird diversity. Further focused surveys in remote parts of this landscape are required to fully understand the biodiversity significance of this region in the face of emerging large-scale threats.
<b>On the birds of Marivan County, western Iran: an update</b>
Authors: Zarei Fatah , Hosseini Seyed Naseh , Pezeshk Jalal , Maleki Loghman , Esmaeili Hamid Reza 
Published: April 2018

To update the avian checklist and note their conservation status in Marivan County, western Iran, we report the addition of 28 species belonging to six orders and 13 families recorded during our field observations in 2015–2017 outside the range of Zarivar Wildlife Refuge. With 255 species reported in previous surveys from the Zarivar Wildlife Refuge and Marivan County, as well as 28 additions here, the avian checklist of Marivan County reaches 283 species from 19 orders and 57 families, which is equivalent to about 51.2% of total bird species recorded from Iran. Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species applies to five species and the Appendix II applies to 34 species. The Red List considers six species as Vulnerable, three species as Endangered and 11 species as Near Threatened. In addition, 15 species are endangered and another 43 species are protected species based on the rules and regularities/laws of the Iranian Department of the Environment.
<b>Notes on fairy orchids (Magnoliopsida: Asparagales: Orchidaceae: <I>Oberonia</I>) of Sri Lanka: revision in regional distribution and documentation on vegetative propagation</b>
Authors: Ariyarathne Menaka , Yakandawala Deepthi 
Published: April 2018

Genus Oberonia Lindley is one of the species rich genera in the family Orchidaceae. According to the latest literature found in Sri Lanka, there are 50 endemic species, including nine endemics belonging to the genus Oberonia among 184 species in the family Orchidaceae. On comparing it with global level information, a revision of statistics on regional level seems vital. This short communication discusses the required revision in regional distribution of the genus Oberonia while documenting the first observation of vegetative propagation of the genus Oberonia from Sri Lanka.
Genetic Lineage Tracing of Nonmyocyte Population by Dual Recombinases
Authors: Li Yan , He Lingjuan , Huang Xiuzhen , Bhaloo Shirin Issa , Zhao Huan , Zhang Shaohua , Pu Wenjuan , Tian Xueying , Li Yi , Liu Qiaozhen , Yu Wei , Zhang Libo , Liu Xiuxiu , Liu Kuo , Tang Juan , Zhang Hui , Cai Dongqing , Ralf Adams H. , Xu Qingbo , Lui Kathy O. , Zhou Bin 
Published: April 2018

Background:

Whether the adult mammalian heart harbors cardiac stem cells for regeneration of cardiomyocytes is an important yet contentious topic in the field of cardiovascular regeneration. The putative myocyte stem cell populations recognized without specific cell markers, such as the cardiosphere-derived cells, or with markers such as Sca1
+
, Bmi1
+
, Isl1
+
, or Abcg2
+
cardiac stem cells have been reported. Moreover, it remains unclear whether putative cardiac stem cells with unknown or unidentified markers exist and give rise to de novo cardiomyocytes in the adult heart.

Methods:
To address this question without relying on a particular stem cell marker, we developed a new genetic lineage tracing system to label all nonmyocyte populations that contain putative cardiac stem cells. Using dual lineage tracing system, we assessed whether nonmyocytes generated any new myocytes during embryonic development, during adult homeostasis, and after myocardial infarction. Skeletal muscle was also examined after injury for internal control of new myocyte generation from nonmyocytes.

Results:
By this stem cell marker–free and dual recombinases–mediated cell tracking approach, our fate mapping data show that new myocytes arise from nonmyocytes in the embryonic heart, but not in the adult heart during homeostasis or after myocardial infarction. As positive control, our lineage tracing system detected new myocytes derived from nonmyocytes in the skeletal muscle after injury.

Conclusions:
This study provides in vivo genetic evidence for nonmyocyte to myocyte conversion in embryonic but not adult heart, arguing again the myogenic potential of putative stem cell populations for cardiac regeneration in the adult stage. This study also provides a new genetic strategy to identify endogenous stem cells, if any, in other organ systems for tissue repair and regeneration.
Long‐Term Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter (With an Aerodynamic Diameter ≤2.5 μm) on Hypertension and Blood Pressure and Attributable Risk Among Reproductive‐Age Adults in China
Authors: Xie Xiaoxu , Wang Yuanyuan , Yang Ying , Xu Jihong , Zhang Ya , Tang Wenbin , Guo Tongjun , Wang Qiaomei , Shen Haiping , Zhang Yiping , Yan Donghai , Peng Zuoqi , Chen Yixin , He Yuan , Ma Xu 
Published: April 2018

Background

Epidemiological evidence on the association between long‐term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm;
PM
2.5
) and hypertension is mixed. We investigated the long‐term association between ambient fine particles and hypertension in reproductive‐age adults.

Methods and Results

This analysis included 39 348 119 reproductive‐age (20–49 years) participants from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project from April 22, 2010 to December 31, 2015 across China. The estimation of annual average ambient
PM
2.5
concentrations for each community was realized through using satellite‐based spatial statistical models. Linear mixed models and 2‐level logistic regressions adjusted for potential confounders with natural cubic splines were used to investigate the shape of
PM
2.5
–blood pressure and
PM
2.5
‐hypertension, respectively. The effect modification by sex, obesity, smoking status, age, diabetes mellitus, urbanity, race, and region was also taken into account. The concentration‐response relationship between
PM
2.5
and hypertension was nonlinear, with a threshold concentration of 47.9 μg/m
3
. The odds ratio of hypertension related to a 10‐μg/m
3
increase in
PM
2.5
above threshold was 1.010 (95% confidence interval, 1.007–1.012). A 10‐μg/m
3
increase in
PM
2.5
above threshold corresponded to a 0.569 (95% confidence interval, 0.564–0.573) mm Hg elevation in systolic blood pressure and a 0.384 (95% confidence interval, 0.381–0.388) mm Hg elevation in diastolic blood pressure. There were 2.3% (95% confidence interval, 2.2%–2.4%) of the hypertension cases that could be attributed to
PM
2.5
exposures in reproductive‐age adult populations.

Conclusions

Long‐term exposures to
PM
2.5
above certain levels might increase population risk for hypertension and might be responsible for China's avoidable hypertension burden in reproductive‐age adults.