bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predation on wild and hatchery salmon by non‐native brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Trinity River, California
Authors: Alvarez Justin S. , Ward Darren M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNon‐native predators may interfere with conservation efforts for native species. For example, fisheries managers have recently become concerned that non‐native brown trout may impede efforts to restore native salmon and trout in California's Trinity River. However, the extent of brown trout predation on these species is unknown. We quantified brown trout predation on wild and hatchery‐produced salmon and trout in the Trinity River in 2015. We first estimated the total biomass of prey consumed annually by brown trout using a bioenergetics model and measurements of brown trout growth and abundance over a 64‐km study reach. Then, we used stable isotope analysis and gastric lavage to allocate total consumption to specific prey taxa. Although hatchery‐produced fish are primarily released in the spring, hatchery fish accounted for most of the annual consumption by large, piscivorous brown trout (>40 cm long). In all, the 1579 (95% CI 1,279–1,878) brown trout >20 cm long in the study reach ate 5,930 kg (95% CI 3,800–8,805 kg) of hatchery fish in 2015. Brown trout predation on hatchery fish was ca. 7% of the total biomass released from the hatchery. Brown trout only ate 924 kg (95% CI 60–3,526 kg) of wild fish in 2015, but this was potentially a large proportion of wild salmon production because wild fish were relatively small. As large brown trout rely heavily on hatchery‐produced fish, modifying hatchery practices to minimise predation may enhance survival of hatchery fish and potentially reduce the abundance of predatory brown trout.
Earlier migration and distribution changes of albacore in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Chust Guillem , Goikoetxea Nerea , Ibaibarriaga Leire , Sagarminaga Yolanda , Arregui Igor , Fontán Almudena , Irigoien Xabier , Arrizabalaga Haritz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMarine species have exhibited trends in their geographic distribution and phenology in recent decades, and these changes are triggered by climate variability or anthropogenic pressures. Northeast Atlantic albacore has recently been identified to show changes of this nature, although the underlying causes are still uncertain. The aim of this work was to analyse the Northeast Atlantic albacore distribution shifts and phenological changes during the trophic migration that juveniles undertake from late spring to autumn and to identify potential causes of such variability. Specifically, time series of albacore catches of the Basque trolling fleet were studied and compared with trends derived from a null ecological niche model using very large number of catch observations (27,982). The results showed an earlier albacore migration of 2.3 days per decade during the period of 1981–2017, which was partly associated with the recent warming of the sea. The trend analysis of the catch distribution also detected a significant north‐westward trend in catch observations and a northward trend in species habitat. In contrast, both latitudinal trends were uncorrelated. This result suggests that interannual species distribution shifts are mainly related to factors other than oceanic‐climatic variability, such as fleet behaviour or prey changes.
Dispersion of vendace eggs and larvae around potential nursery areas reveals their reproductive strategy
Authors: Karjalainen Juha , Juntunen Janne , Keskinen Tapio , Koljonen Saija , Nyholm Kristiina , Ropponen Janne , Sjövik Rosanna , Taskinen Salla , Marjomäki Timo J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Depending on their reproductive strategy, different fish species aim to aggregate or disperse eggs and larvae in their reproductive habitat. Many pelagic species disperse their eggs widely around the potential nursery areas. Larval dispersion or aggregation affects population sub‐structuring, which has important implications in fisheries management and conservation of the natural spatial diversity in populations.

The dispersion of larval vendace (Coregonus albula) was quantified in two oligotrophic Finnish lakes, and effects of density and environmental variables on the inter‐annual variation in the larval distribution were examined by analysing spatial abundance data from the lakes from 1999 to 2017. A 3‐D hydrodynamic egg distribution model was used to simulate the larval transport after hatching.

Vendace larvae dispersed lake‐wide to both littoral and pelagic zones but, in some littoral hot spots, more larvae aggregated year after year. However, in years of high larval number, the densities increased not only in the hot spots, but generally at all sampling plots. An overall increase in abundance was observed at all sampling sites. The simulations of the egg distribution model supported the hypothesis that the dispersion of the eggs occurs by spawners, i.e. by spawning at several different spawning sites, which are located all around the lake.

The dispersion of vendace eggs and larvae can be seen as a bet‐hedging strategy in space and time since in boreal oligotrophic large lakes with fragmented morphology, weather and other environmental factors in spring during hatching varies from year to year spatially in unpredictable manner. Lake‐wide larval dispersion suggests that the subpopulations of adjacent lake deeps may swap considerable amounts of individuals during early life and may not be closed units. Conservation of particular habitats seems unnecessary for Finnish vendace populations where large potential spawning areas in lakes are available.
Pyrite Oxidation Halts Migration of a Phosphorus Plume
Authors: Robertson William D. , Garda Dorothy L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe have established a monitoring record of phosphate (PO43−) migration in the Long Point, ON campground septic system plume that now spans 26 years. Previously, at year 16 (2006), a P plume 16 m in length was documented and provided a good fit with an analytical advection dispersion model when a P migration velocity of 0.8 m/yr was used (retardation factor of 37) and when P behaved in an otherwise conservative manner (sorption only). However, between years 16 and 26 (2016), the P plume length expanded by only 2 m (0.2 m/yr) and increased in depth by only 0.5 m. The zone of abrupt P depletion at depth occurs close to the zone where SO42− concentrations increase in response to NO3− oxidation of pyrite. Scanning electron microscope images of sand grains from the nose of the P plume reveal abundant authigenic mineral coatings of considerable thickness (∼5 to 20 μm), with Fe as the dominant cation and containing 1 to 3 wt % P. This evidence suggests that P is now being attenuated along a reaction front that coincides with the zone where pyrite oxidation is occurring. P migration may now be controlled by the rate of migration of the pyrite oxidation front and this is several times slower than the previously indicated rate in the shallower, sorption‐controlled portion of the plume. Monitoring at Long Point has demonstrated the danger of embracing an overly simplistic conceptual model when attempting to predict wastewater P migration in groundwater and also highlights the unique insight provided by a long‐term monitoring record.
The Development of Object Construction From Infancy Through Toddlerhood
Authors: Marcinowski Emily C. , Nelson Eliza , Campbell Julie M. , Michel George F. 
Published: March 2019

Early in development, children explore and combine objects in increasingly complex ways. One manual skill, object construction, represents a major shift in how objects are explored relative to other objects. Despite recent connections with cognitive functioning such as spatial skills, the development of object construction ability has rarely been studied and its trajectory has not been adequately described. The purpose of this study was to describe the development of three types of object construction (stacking, nesting, and affixing) across 5 monthly infant visits and 7 monthly toddler visits using a longitudinal design and a large sample size. Infants (10–14 months, n = 131) and toddlers drawn from the infant sample (18–24 months, n = 65) were given sets of age‐appropriate toys each of which elicited at least one type of constructive play. We described success at different construction tasks and identified trends for construction skill for infant and toddler development using multilevel modeling. We found that each of the three construction actions developed in unique ways across the 10‐ to 24‐month period. Infant construction skill predicted the development of toddler skill, but toddler construction skill diverged from infant trajectories. We discuss the role of combination strategies in the development of object construction skill and how object construction could be related to other domains of development.
A column‐generation‐based approach to fleet design problems mixing owned and hired vehicles
Authors: Bertoli Francesco , Kilby Philip , Urli Tommaso 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe look at the problem of choosing a fleet of vehicles to carry out delivery tasks across a long time horizon. The delivery quantities may vary significantly from day to day, and from season to season, and the underlying routing problem may have rich constraints, for example, time windows, multiple compartments, multiple commodities, and compatibility constraints. We consider the option of hiring extra vehicles from external carriers in order to efficiently carry out the day‐to‐day operations while containing the costs of owning the fleet. The goal is to design a fleet so as to minimize the sum of costs of routing the fleet every day of the horizon, the acquisition costs, the maintenance costs, and the costs of hiring external vehicles. In the literature, there is no previous work on fleet design for a long time horizon, which also considers the hiring options. We propose to tackle the problem using column generation and develop three different heuristics. The methods proposed are tested and compared on a set of real‐world problems. It is also shown how introducing the possibility of hiring helps reducing the overall cost and the number of idle vehicles over the planning horizon.
Empirical surveys of frontier applications: a meta‐review
Authors: Daraio Cinzia , Kerstens Kristiaan , Nepomuceno Thyago , Sickles Robin C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis contribution is the first attempt to systematically review all empirical surveys that so far have been made available in the broad field of efficiency and productivity analysis using frontier estimation methodologies. We provide a systematic bibliometric review on the many empirical surveys in the field of efficiency and productivity analysis, the most relevant concepts, areas, overlaps, and potentials to explore from its introduction to the most recent surveys. We combine the United Nations’ International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) taxonomy for the economic activity with the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification system to classify the empirical surveys and to identify the current gaps in the literature. In addition to the most relevant/generic potential areas for applications (according to the United Nation's ISIC), this methodology provides a cluster analysis with the most relevant concepts that have been considered so far (according to the JEL codes). This overview brings an interesting guide for future work to develop the whole field.
MiR‐876‐3p regulates cisplatin resistance and stem cell‐like properties of gastric cancer cells by targeting TMED3
Authors: Peng Chunwei , Huang Kai , Liu Guangjie , Li Yunsong , Yu Changjun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimGastric cancer (GC), a prevalent tumor, exerts a major economic burden, and we aimed to explore miR‐876‐3p's effects on GC and related mechanisms.MethodsCell viability was analyzed via CCK‐8 and colony formation assay. Stem cell‐like properties were examined via spheroid colony formation assay. mRNA abundance of key genes was analyzed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Protein level of TMED3 and stem cell markers was examined by western blot. TargetScan, luciferase, and biotin‐miRNA pulldown assay were used to identify miR‐876‐3p's target.ResultsMiR‐876‐3p was downregulated in GC, and its mRNA level had negative relationship with cisplatin resistance of GC. Moreover, decreased miR‐876‐3p expression level suggested poor prognosis of GC patients. MiR‐876‐3p inhibited drug resistance of cisplatin‐resistant cell line SGC‐7901/DDP and MKN‐45/DDP, as shown by decreased cell viability, IC50, and colony formation ability. MiR‐876‐3p inhibited stem cell‐like features and downregulated the expressions of Sox‐2, Oct‐4, CD133, and CD44 in GC cells. Luciferase and biotin‐miRNA pulldown assay confirmed that TMED3 was miR‐876‐3p's direct target. TMED3 siRNA inhibited miR‐876‐3p's effects on cisplatin resistance and stem cell‐like features of SGC‐7901/DDP cells.ConclusionMiR‐876‐3p enhanced cisplatin sensitivity and restricted stem cell‐like features of GC through targeting TMED3.
Relation between the number of board‐certified gynecologic oncologists per hospital and survival of cervical cancer
Authors: Yagi Asami , Ueda Yutaka , Nakagawa Satoshi , Morimoto Akiko , Matsuzaki Shinya , Kobayashi Eiji , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsIn cancer therapy, choice of treatment method has a tremendous influence on patient prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the number of Gynecologic Oncology (GO) Specialists on treatment outcomes of cervical cancer patients.MethodsWe used data for 5‐year treatment outcomes obtained from the annual treatment reports of the Gynecologic Oncology Committee of Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (JSOG). We compared this to data posted on the Japanese Society of Gynecologic Oncology (JSGO) website regarding the enrollment of GO Specialists at each hospital.ResultsThe 5‐year survival ratio of cervical cancer patients treated in hospitals with 2‐or‐more GO Specialists was 79.0% (2010/2543). This was significantly higher than 75.4% (974/1292) for facilities with 0 or 1 specialist (P = 0.011); however, the number of GO Specialists was not an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.77, adjusted HR: 1.13 [0.38–2.03]). The 5‐year survival ratio significantly increased in medical facilities whose number of GO Specialists increased from 0 to 1 or more, or from 1 to 2 or more (P = 0.045).ConclusionThis study demonstrates a causal relationship between the numbers of GO Specialists and treatment outcomes of cervical cancer patients for the first time. Our study suggests that although JSGO board‐certified gynecologic oncologists do clearly contribute to improving treatment outcome, the number of specialists was not an independent factor for improving the prognosis of the patients. Thus, it was not clear whether simply increasing the number of GO Specialists, beyond two, will lead to any significant improvement in cervical cancer patient prognosis.
The general equilibrium effects of high‐occupancy vehicle lanes on congestion, sprawl, energy use, and carbon emissions
Authors: Zhao Weihua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHigh‐occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes have been promoted to encourage carpools, reduce traffic congestion, and improve air quality. At the partial equilibrium level, commuting with three workers per automobile clearly reduces highway congestion, lowers carbon emissions, and saves energy compared with three single drivers. This paper develops a numerical urban simulation model to generate the general equilibrium effects of HOV lanes on urban spatial structure, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. The major findings are that while HOV lanes reduce traffic congestion and improve welfare, the fall in transportation cost leads to urban sprawl, which results in higher dwelling energy use and a larger carbon footprint. Overall, the HOV lane policy has little effect on total energy consumption and carbon emissions. This is another classic case of general equilibrium effects reversing the partial equilibrium effects of an urban policy. In contrast, a gasoline tax policy leads to less urban sprawl but is less effective at lowering energy consumption and carbon emissions. Imposing congestion tolls is a more effective tool at reducing traffic congestion, saving energy, and lowering carbon emissions.
Understanding implicit and explicit consumer desires for protein bars, powders, and beverages
Authors: Harwood Will S. , Drake MaryAnne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the implicit and explicit qualities of protein products that consumers find attractive. To do so, an Adaptive Choice‐Based Conjoint (ACBC) survey and a Constant Sum (CS) survey were conducted. Participants (n = 457) were the same for both studies and results were compared on both aggregate and individual levels. Additionally, ACBC utility scores were used to calculate “Share of Preference” scores so that each attribute level could be directly compared to CS. Attribute importance scores were relatively similar between methods, with the exception of the platform, sweetener claim, and sweetener type, which were different (p < 0.05) between surveys. Overall, both techniques agreed that the ideal protein product was a chocolate‐flavored protein bar with 20–29 g of primarily whey protein, all‐natural, and naturally sweetened by stevia. Additionally, both methods agreed on relative scaling of levels within each attribute. ACBC resulted in smaller standard deviations for shares of preference ratings than the CS survey. Differences in results between the surveys suggest that protein product consumers have differences in implicit and explicit preferences. Exploration of where these preferences disagree may provide insight on product development initiatives for select consumers.Practical applicationsThis study found that there are subgroups of protein product consumers who express different ideals and desires. Furthermore, these preferences exist both explicitly and implicitly within individual consumers, and differences in those preferences may influence subsequent segmentation of consumer groups. Understanding the benefits and shortcomings of these different survey methods, and reviewing the sentiments each method captures, may help manufacturers and product developers reach new consumer groups and satisfy existing consumers to a greater extent.
Clinical and radiographic findings in cats with aspiration pneumonia: retrospective evaluation of 28 cases
Authors: Levy N. , Ballegeer E. , Koenigshof A. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the clinical syndrome of aspiration pneumonia in cats and record potential predisposing factors.Materials and MethodsA retrospective medical records search for cats with a diagnosis of “aspiration pneumonia” or “bronchopneumonia” was performed. Cases were included if they had a complete medical record and three‐view thoracic radiographs with pulmonary changes consistent with aspiration pneumonia and no other radiographic or physical examination findings suggestive of another cause of pulmonary or cardiac disease.ResultsWe identified 28 cases. Potential predisposing conditions included: vomiting (12 of 28; 43%), anaesthesia (five of 28; 18%), enteral nutrition (five of 28; 18%), preexisting oesophageal disease (four of 28; 14%), neurologic disease (two of 28; 7%) and laryngeal disease (one of 28; 3.6%); 15 of 28 (53%) had more than one potentially predisposing condition. The most common lung lobe affected was the right middle (18 of 28; 64%), followed by the left cranial (16 of 28; 57%); multiple lung lobes were affected in 16 of 28 (57%) cases. Most cats (25 of 28; 89%) survived to discharge, with a median hospitalisation of 3 days.Clinical SignificancePotential predisposing factors for developing aspiration pneumonia in cats are similar to those recorded in dogs and people. Aspiration pneumonia occurred in cats following vomiting, anaesthesia or after receiving enteral nutrition. Survival rates are high following treatment with antibiotics and supportive care, with 89% of cats in this study surviving to discharge.
Relationships between resting heart rate, heart rate variability and sleep characteristics among female collegiate cross‐country athletes
Authors: Sekiguchi Yasuki , Adams William M. , Benjamin Courteney L. , Curtis Ryan M. , Giersch Gabrielle E.W. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryEven though sleep has been shown to be influenced by athletes’ training status, the association with resting heart rate and heart rate variability remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in and relationships between resting heart rate, heart rate variability and sleep characteristics across a female collegiate cross‐country season. Ten NCAA Division I collegiate female cross‐country athletes (mean ± SD; age, 19 ± 1 year; height, 167.6 ± 7.6 cm; body mass, 57.7 ± 10.2 kg; VO2max, 53.3 ± 5.9 ml kg−1 min−1) participated in this study. Resting heart rate, heart rate variability and the percentage of time in slow wave sleep were captured using a wrist‐worn multisensor sleep device throughout the 2016 competitive cross‐country season (12 weeks). Linear mixed‐effects models and magnitude‐based inferences were used to assess differences between each week. Pearson product moment correlations were used to investigate relationships between variables. Resting heart rate at the end of the season, specifically during weeks 10–12 (mean ± SE; week 10, 48 ± 2; week 11, 48 ± 3; week 12, 48 ± 3), showed a practically meaningful increase compared to the beginning of the season, weeks 2–4 (week 2, 44 ± 2; week 3, 45 ± 2; week 4, 44 ± 2). Higher resting heart rate (r = 0.55) and lower heart rate variability (r = −0.62) were largely associated with an increase in percentage of time spent in slow wave sleep. These data suggest that when physiological state was impaired, meaning the physiological restorative demand was higher, the percentage of time in slow wave sleep was increased to ensure recovery. Thus, it is important to implement sleep hygiene strategies to promote adequate slow wave sleep when the body needs physiological restoration.
ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis in dogs
Authors: Webster Cynthia R. L. , Center Sharon A. , Cullen John M. , Penninck Dominique G. , Richter Keith P. , Twedt David C. , Watson Penny J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis consensus statement on chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is based on the expert opinion of 7 specialists with extensive experience in diagnosing, treating, and conducting clinical research in hepatology in dogs. It was generated from expert opinion and information gathered from searching of PubMed for manuscripts on CH, the Veterinary Information Network for abstracts and conference proceeding from annual meetings of the American College of Veterinary Medicine and the European College of Veterinary Medicine, and selected manuscripts from the human literature on CH. The panel recognizes that the diagnosis and treatment of CH in the dog is a complex process that requires integration of clinical presentation with clinical pathology, diagnostic imaging, and hepatic biopsy. Essential to this process is an index of suspicion for CH, knowledge of how to best collect tissue samples, access to a pathologist with experience in assessing hepatic histopathology, knowledge of reasonable medical interventions, and a strategy for monitoring treatment response and complications.