bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A FORM‐based approach for probabilistic analysis in geotechnics: Application to a reinforced concrete drainage culvert
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zheng Zhi , Cai Yongchang , Li Ning , Zhang Dongmei 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAs numerical models are increasingly used as a design tool in geotechnical engineering, it is highly desirable if geotechnical reliability analysis can be conducted based on numeral models. Currently, the practical use of geotechnical reliability analysis‐based numerical models is still quite limited. In this study, an easy to access method is derived to conduct geotechnical reliability analysis based on numerical models. To facilitate its application, a procedure is outlined to implement the suggested method such that geotechnical reliability analysis can be automated using existing geotechnical numerical packages. The procedure is illustrated in detail with an example, and the source codes provided can be easily adapted to analyze other similar problems. The method described in this paper is used to study the reliability of a deteriorating reinforced concrete drainage culvert in Shanghai, China. The suggested method provides a convenient means for reliability analysis of complex geotechnical problems.
Development of the School Teachers Job Stressor Scale (STJSS)
Authors: Naono‐Nagatomo Keiko , Abe Hiroshi , Yada Hironori , Higashizako Kenichi , Nakano Michihiko , Takeda Ryuichiro , Ishida Yasushi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimJapanese teachers are not only responsible for students but also for tasks outside the classroom, including engagement with parents and the community, and maintaining safety. They work longer hours and have lower self‐efficacy than teachers in other countries. Thus, we aimed to develop an assessment scale for job stress in teachers and to evaluate its psychometric properties.MethodsWe developed the “School Teachers Job Stressor Scale (STJSS) Draft” comprising 45 items, based on previous anonymous self‐report questionnaires collected from 98 teachers in four elementary and middle schools in Miyazaki City, Japan. Subsequently, the scale draft and the previously validated Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (23‐item abridged version) were distributed to 2276 teachers from 73 elementary and middle schools in Miyazaki City. Finally, we analyzed data from 1300 participants. After excluding inappropriate data based on ceiling and floor effect analysis, we carried out a good‐poor, item‐total correlation, and exploratory factor analyses. We then verified construct validity, criterion‐related validity, and reliability using correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha, respectively.ResultsAfter item‐total correlation analysis, five items were excluded. Exploratory factor analysis extracted five factors: “Time spent outside of work,” “Self‐assessment of one's ability as a teacher,” “Relationship with other teachers,” “Social interactions outside of teaching,” and “Duties outside of teaching.” The final version of the STJSS comprised 23 items and five factors.ConclusionThe 23‐item STJSS developed to measure specific stressors in Japanese teachers to improve their mental health care could provide an accurate assessment tool with adequate reliability and validity.
Easy Room Temperature Synthesis of High Surface Area Anatase Nanowires with Different Morphologies
Authors: Schneider Christopher , Liu Ning , Romeis Stefan , Peukert Wolfgang , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Professor Patrik Schmuki. The cover picture shows the classic hydrothermal equipment needed to synthesise TiO2 nanostructures versus the simple room temperature, ‘test tube’ approach described in the article on the synthesis of titanium dioxide ‘hedgehog’ nanowires (SEM picture). Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/open.201900013.
Large metastability in Cu (In,Ga)Se2 devices: The importance of buffer properties
Authors: Repins Ingrid , Glynn Stephen , Silverman Timothy J. , Garris Rebekah , Bowers Karen , Stevens Bart , Mansfield Lorelle 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSome commercial Cu (In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) modules show large changes in current‐voltage parameters with light soaking. While such changes are not necessarily indicative of a performance problem, the associated uncertainty may be disadvantageous in a highly competitive market. Thus, it is beneficial to understand the origin of large metastabilities in order to define what processing changes might diminish metastability without impacting other desirable aspects of high‐performance devices. This study attempts to reproduce large metastabilities like those in some commercial products both through absorber and buffer processing variations in small devices. While variations of both types were found to affect metastability, only buffer variations could reproduce large metastability in high‐efficiency devices. Device modeling confirms that buffer effects alone are sufficient to explain the large metastability seen in these devices.
Carboxypeptidase A4 promotes migration and invasion of lung cancer cells, and is closely associated with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhang Yuan , Sun Li‐xin , Chen Meng , Ran Yu‐liang , Sun Li‐chao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer ranks first among all malignant tumors. Lymph node metastasis is the most common mode of metastasis in lung cancer, and it is also an important indicator for treatment strategies and prognosis. Several studies have shown that the carboxypeptidase family plays important roles in cancer metastasis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of carboxypeptidase A4 (CPA4) on human lung cancer cells, and the clinical significance of its levels in lung cancer tissues and corresponding lymph node metastasis tissues.MethodsReal‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of CPA4 in cancer cells after transfecting them with CPA4 interference sequence (siRNA‐CPA4) and the negative control sequence. Transwell assay with/without Matrigel was used to assess the effect of CPA4 on cell invasion and migration. CPA4 expression was detected in eight normal lung tissues, 46 lung cancer tissues, and the corresponding lymph node metastasis tissues using immunohistochemistry.ResultsReverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot showed that siRNA‐CPA4 significantly decreased CPA4 mRNA levels in H226 and SKMES‐1 cells compared with the control cells. Knockdown of CPA4 in lung cancer cells significantly inhibited cell invasion by 62.3% and 77.3% in H226 and SKMES‐1 cell, respectively. Furthermore, siRNA‐CPA4 significantly suppressed cell migration in H226 and SKMES‐1 cells by 48.1% and 42.4%, respectively. Immunohistochemistry results showed that the positive expression rate of CPA4 in lung normal tissues, cancer tissues, and lymph node metastatic tissues was 12.5% (1/8), 50.0% (23/46), and 76.1% (35/46), respectively. Importantly, the levels of CPA4 in the lymph node metastatic tissues were significantly higher than those in corresponding primary lung cancer tissues (t = 5.176, P < 0.001). The clinical correlation analysis showed that high levels of CPA4 were closely associated with the tumor pathology type, differentiation, and stage; however, there was no significant correlation with the age, sex, and depth of invasion.ConclusionsCPA4 promoted the invasion and migration of human lung cancer cells, H226, and SKMES‐1, in vitro. The levels of CPA4 were gradually elevated in primary lung cancer and corresponding lymph node metastasis tissues, and CPA4 could be a potential candidate therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Multiple Lyapunov functions‐based adaptive neural network tracking control of uncertain switched nonlinear systems
Authors: Long Lijun 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of adaptive neural network (NN) tracking control of a class of switched strict‐feedback uncertain nonlinear systems is investigated by state‐feedback, in which the solvability of the problem of adaptive NN tracking control for individual subsystems is unnecessary. A multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs)–based adaptive NN tracking control scheme is established by exploiting backstepping and the generalized MLFs approach. Moreover, based on the proposed scheme, adaptive NN controllers of all subsystems and a state‐dependent switching law simultaneously are constructed, which guarantee that all signals of the resulting closed‐loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. The scheme provided permits removal of a technical condition in which the adaptive NN tracking control problem for individual subsystems is solvable. Finally, the effectiveness of the design scheme proposed is shown by using two examples.
Bayesian variable selection for logistic regression
Authors: Tian Yiqing , Bondell Howard D. , Wilson Alyson 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA key issue when using Bayesian variable selection for logistic regression is choosing an appropriate prior distribution. This can be particularly difficult for high‐dimensional data where complete separation will naturally occur in the high‐dimensional space. We propose the use of the Normal‐Gamma prior with recommendations on calibration of the hyper‐parameters. We couple this choice with the use of joint credible sets to avoid performing a search over the high‐dimensional model space. The approach is shown to outperform other methods in high‐dimensional settings, especially with highly correlated data. The Bayesian approach allows for a natural specification of the hyper‐parameters.
Exploiting heterozygosity in industrial yeasts to create new and improved baker's yeasts
Authors: Korhola Matti , Naumova Elena S. , Partti Edvard , Aittamaa Marja , Turakainen Hilkka , Naumov Gennadi I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe main aim of the work was to utilize heterozygosity of industrial yeast strains to construct new baker's yeast strains. Commercial baker's yeast strain ALKO 743, its more ethanol tolerant descendant ALKO 554 selected initially for growth over 300 generations in increasing ethanol concentrations in a glucose medium, and ALKO 3460 from an old domestic sour dough starter were used as starting strains. Isolated meiotic segregants of the strains were characterized genetically for sporulation ability and mating type, and the ploidy was determined physically. Heterozygosity of the segregant strains was estimated by a variety of molecular characterizations and fermentation and growth assays. The results showed wide heterozygosity and that the segregants were clustered into subgroups. This clustering was used for choosing distantly or closely related partners for strain construction crosses. Intrastrain hybrids made with segregants of ALKO 743 showed 16–24% hybrid vigour or heterosis. Interstrain hybrids with segregants of ALKO 743 and ALKO 3460 showed a wide variety of characteristics but also clear heterosis of 27–31% effects as assayed by lean and sugar dough raising. Distiller's yeast ALKO 554 turned out to be a diploid genetic segregant and not just a more ethanol tolerant mutant of the tetraploid parent strain ALKO 743.
Evaluation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of [14C]-rucaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Liao Mingxiang , Watkins Simon , Nash Eileen , Isaacson Jeff , Etter Jeff , Beltman Jeri , Fan Rong , Shen Li , Mutlib Abdul , Kemeny Vendel , Pápai Zsuzsanna , van Tilburg Pascal , Xiao Jim J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryRucaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, is licensed for use in recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. We characterized the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of rucaparib in 6 patients with advanced solid tumors following a single oral dose of [14C]-rucaparib 600 mg (≈140 μCi). Total radioactivity (TRA) in blood, plasma, urine, and feces was measured using liquid scintillation counting. Unchanged rucaparib concentrations in plasma were determined using validated liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Maximum concentration (Cmax) of TRA and unchanged rucaparib in plasma was 880 ng Eq/mL and 428 ng/mL, respectively, at approximately 4 h post dose; terminal half-life was >25 h for both TRA and rucaparib. The plasma TRA-time profile was parallel to yet higher than that of rucaparib, suggesting the presence of metabolites in plasma. Mean blood:plasma ratio of radioactivity was 1.0 for Cmax and 0.8 for area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity. Mean postdose recovery of TRA was 89.3% over 12 days (71.9% in feces; 17.4% in urine). Unchanged rucaparib and M324 (oxidative metabolite) were the major components in plasma, contributing to 64.0% and 18.6% of plasma radioactivity, respectively. Rucaparib and M324 were the major rucaparib-related components (each ≈7.6% of dose) in urine, whereas rucaparib was the predominant component (63.9% of dose) in feces. The high fecal recovery of unchanged rucaparib could be attributed to hepatic excretion and/or incomplete oral absorption. Overall, these data suggest that rucaparib is eliminated through multiple pathways, including metabolism and renal and biliary excretion.
Differential Information, Arbitrage, and Subjective Value
Authors: Greene Catherine 
Published: June 2019

Abstractde Bruin et al. (in: Zalta (ed) The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, Stanford University, Stanford, 2018) write that it is a philosophically interesting question “whether there is such a thing as an “intrinsic” value of financial assets” noting that the calculation of any intrinsic price will depend, in part, on subjective elements. McCauley suggest that there are at least five different notions of the ‘true value’ of an asset in finance theory, and argues, consistent with de Bruin et al. that in many cases the calculation of such values “makes impossible information demands on our knowledge of future dividends and returns” (McCauley (Dynamics of markets-econophysics and finance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004). This paper explores some of the subjective elements involved in calculating the intrinsic value of an asset, and their implications for the Law of One Price. The Law of One Price states that investors should not pay different prices for the same investment. Consequently, the existence, and persistence, of arbitrage opportunities is often attributed to investor irrationality. However, if subjectivity is involved in the calculation of intrinsic value then two investors can, rationally, disagree about the value of a security. This implies that arbitrage opportunities may not always be instances of irrationality, or genuine mispricing, but reflect different investor’s perceptions of the security. In economics, value is taken to be subjective, and Postigo (Axiomathes 27:591–576, 2017) describes how goods have value because of the role they play in the satisfaction of our needs. By applying this to finance, this paper will argue that a security can play a number of roles in a portfolio, depending on an investors’ strategy. Given these different roles, different investors will be working with different data in their assessment of intrinsic value. In order to establish that an arbitrage opportunity exists it is therefore necessary to understand what information is relevant to pricing the investment in different locations, or markets. It may, in fact, be the case that the same security can trade at different prices because different investors do not see it as the ‘same thing’ at all. This analysis can also be used to throw doubt on the emphasis that fundamental analysis receives in discussions of rationality.
A Cross-Cultural Examination of the Experiences in Close Relationships — Revised — General Short Form (ECR-R-GSF) in an Australian and a Chinese Sample
Authors: Hao Jichun , Chan Raymond C.K. , Wilkinson Ross B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAttachment dimensions refer to how interpersonal emotion regulation strategies are utilised and have a profound impact in adulthood. Its measurement has attracted a large amount of research attention. The Experiences in Close Relationships — Revised (ECR-R) Questionnaire is one of the most widely used and researched self-report questionnaires to measure romantic attachment anxiety and avoidance in multiple language groups, despite inconsistent evidence regarding its factorial structure. The 20-item Experiences in Close Relationships — Revised — General Short Form (ECR-R-GSF) was developed based on the ECR-R to measure attachment experiences in all relationships (not just romantic ones) in an English-speaking sample. However, no short form of the ECR-R is available for the Chinese population. In order to cross-validate the first Chinese version of the ECR-R-GSF, specifically the proposed two-factor structure, against the English version, an Australian university student sample (n = 426) and a Chinese university student sample from China (n = 626) were recruited. The Anxiety and Avoidance scales were found to have good internal reliability in both samples. However, the proposed two-factor model only provided an acceptable fit even after adding modifications in the Australian sample, and the fit was not satisfactory in the Chinese sample. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that partial metric but not scalar invariance was achieved across cultures. Implications for relationship and cross-cultural research and practice were discussed.
The Language of a Faithful Translator: On Canonising the Mandarin Union Version and Translating The Shack, a Contemporary Bestseller
Authors: LIU YA-CHUN 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article explores the continuing linguistic impact of the Mandarin Union Version by investigating and contrasting two Chinese translations of William Paul Young's global bestseller The Shack (2007): the Traditional Chinese version Xiaowu (《小屋》, 2009) and the Simplified Chinese version Pengwu (《棚屋》, 2010). Ever since its publication, the Mandarin Union Version has served as the predominant Bible within Mandarin-speaking Protestant communities across the world. This has brought about the standardisation of terminology in Chinese Protestantism. The Shack, though widely marked as a Christian novel, is also known for its unconventional fictional representations of Christianity that some Christians think depart from orthodoxy. Both Xiaowu and Pengwu were published by non-Christian publishing houses for a general readership. However, Xiaowu, translated by a Christian, exhibits a significant number of phrases that specifically belong to Chinese Christian terminology shaped by the Mandarin Union Version. Pengwu is a contrast in this regard. By comparing extracts from these two Chinese versions, this article highlights how far the Mandarin Union Version has contributed to the formation of the linguistic repertoire of Mandarin-speaking Christian translators as well as linguistic norms for translated Christian-themed texts into Chinese.
Using Machine Learning for Prediction of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Its Sensitivity to Soil Structural Perturbations
Authors: Araya Samuel N. , Ghezzehei Teamrat A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSaturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) is a fundamental soil property that regulates the fate of water in soils. Its measurement, however, is cumbersome and instead pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are routinely used to estimate it. Despite much progress over the years, the performance of current generic PTFs estimating Ks remains poor. Using machine learning, high‐performance computing, and a large database of over 18,000 soils, we developed new PTFs to predict Ks. We compared the performances of four machine learning algorithms and different predictor sets. We evaluated the relative importance of soil properties in explaining Ks. PTF models based on boosted regression tree algorithm produced the best models with root‐mean‐squared log‐transformed error in ranges of 0.4 to 0.3 (log10(cm/day)). The 10th percentile particle diameter (d10) was found to be the most important predictor followed by clay content, bulk density (ρb), and organic carbon content (C). The sensitivity of Ks to soil structure was investigated using ρb and C as proxies for soil structure. An inverse relationship was observed between ρb and Ks, with the highest sensitivity at around 1.8 g/cm3 for most textural classes. Soil C showed a complex relationship with Ks with an overall positive relation for fine‐textured and midtextured soils but an inverse relation for coarse‐textured soils. This study sought to maximize the extraction of information from a large database to develop generic machine learning‐based PTFs for estimating Ks. Models developed here have been made publicly available and can be readily used to predict Ks.
Rate-and-state friction explains glacier surge propagation
Authors: Thøgersen Kjetil , Gilbert Adrien , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe incomplete understanding of glacier dynamics is a major source of uncertainty in assessments of sea-level rise from land-based ice. Through increased ice discharge into the oceans, accelerating glacier flow has the potential to considerably enhance expected sea-level change, well ahead of scenarios considered by the IPCC. Central in our incomplete understanding is the motion at the glacier bed, responsible for flow transients and instabilities involving switches from slow to fast flow. We introduce a rate-and-state framework for the transient evolution of basal shear stress, which we incorporate in glacier simulations. We demonstrate that a velocity-strengthening-weakening transition combined with a characteristic length scale for the opening of subglacial cavities is sufficient to reproduce several previously unexplained features of glacier surges. The rate-and-state framework opens for new ways to analyze, understand and predict transient glacier dynamics as well as to assess the stability of glaciers and ice caps.
Intrinsic enzymatic properties modulate the self-propulsion of micromotors
Authors: Arqué Xavier , Romero-Rivera Adrian , Feixas Ferran , Patiño Tania , Osuna Sílvia , Sánchez Samuel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBio-catalytic micro- and nanomotors self-propel by the enzymatic conversion of substrates into products. Despite the advances in the field, the fundamental aspects underlying enzyme-powered self-propulsion have rarely been studied. In this work, we select four enzymes (urease, acetylcholinesterase, glucose oxidase, and aldolase) to be attached on silica microcapsules and study how their turnover number and conformational dynamics affect the self-propulsion, combining both an experimental and molecular dynamics simulations approach. Urease and acetylcholinesterase, the enzymes with higher catalytic rates, are the only enzymes capable of producing active motion. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that urease and acetylcholinesterase display the highest degree of flexibility near the active site, which could play a role on the catalytic process. We experimentally assess this hypothesis for urease micromotors through competitive inhibition (acetohydroxamic acid) and increasing enzyme rigidity (β-mercaptoethanol). We conclude that the conformational changes are a precondition of urease catalysis, which is essential to generate self-propulsion.