bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Benzophenone/Copper‐Photocatalyzed Giese‐Type Alkylation of C(sp3)−H Bonds
Authors: Abadie Baptiste , Jardel Damien , Pozzi Gianluca , Toullec Patrick , Vincent Jean‐Marc 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhotocatalyzed Giese‐type alkylations of C(sp3)−H bonds are very attractive reactions in the context of atom‐economy in C−C bond formation. The main limitation of such reactions is that when using highly polymerizable olefin acceptors, such as unsubstituted acrylates, acrylonitrile, or methyl vinyl ketone, radical polymerization often becomes the dominant or exclusive reaction pathway. Herein, we report that the polymerization of such olefins is strongly limited or suppressed when combining the photocatalytic activity of benzophenone (BP) with a catalytic amount of Cu(OAc)2. Under mild and operationally simple conditions, the Giese adducts resulting from the C(sp3)−H functionalization of amines, alcohols, ethers, and cycloalkanes could be synthesized. Preliminary mechanistic studies have revealed that the reaction does not proceed through a radical chain, but through a dual BP/Cu photocatalytic process, in which both CuII and low‐valent CuI/0 species, generated in situ by reduction by the BP ketyl radical, may react with α‐keto or α‐cyano intermediate radicals, thus preventing polymerization.
Elucidating the Anomalous Binding Enhancement of Isoquinoline Boronic Acid for Sialic Acid Under Acidic Conditions: Expanding Biorecognition Beyond Vicinal Diols
Authors: Wellington Nadine , Macklai Sabrina , Britz‐McKibbin Philip 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA zwitterionic heterocyclic boronic acid based on 4‐isoquinolineboronic acid (IQBA) exhibits the highest reported binding affinity for sialic acid or N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, K=5390±190 m−1) through the formation of a cyclic boronate ester complex under acidic conditions (pH 3). This anomalous pH‐dependent binding enhancement does not occur with common neutral saccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose, sorbitiol), because it is mediated via selective complexation to a α‐hydroxycarboxylate moiety forming a stable ion pair and ternary complex with Neu5Ac in phosphate buffer. IQBA expands biorecognition beyond classical vicinal diols under neutral or alkaline buffer conditions, which enables the direct analysis of Neu5Ac by native fluorescence with sub‐micromolar detection limits.
Facile Synthesis of Flower‐Like MnCo2O4@PANi‐rGO: A High‐Performance Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Peng , Xu Fengchao , Zhu Guoren , Dong Chunwei , Jin Bo , Li Huan , Jiang Qing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFlower‐like MnCo2O4 was prepared in a self‐assembly process and used in the formation of MnCo2O4@polyaniline (MnCo2O4@PANi) that proceeds by a simple in situ polymerization. The MnCo2O4@PANi‐reduced graphite oxide (MnCo2O4@PANi‐rGO) composite was then synthesized by introducing rGO into MnCo2O4@PANi. This modification improves the overall electronic conductivity of the MnCo2O4@PANi‐rGO because of the dual conductive functions of rGO and PANi; it also provides a buffer for the changes in electrode volume during cycling, thus improving the lithium‐storage performance of MnCo2O4@PANi‐rGO. The electrochemical performance of the samples was evaluated by charge/discharge cycling testing, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. MnCo2O4@PANi‐rGO delivers a discharge capacity of 745 mAh g−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 100 % after 1050 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1, and is a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
RNA Fragmentation and Sequencing (RF‐Seq): Cost‐Effective, Time‐Efficient, and High‐Throughput 3′ mRNA Sequencing Library Construction in a Single Tube
Authors: Veeranagouda Yaligara , Remaury Anne , Guillemot Jean‐Claude , Didier Michel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOver the past decade, transcriptomic studies using next‐generation sequencing (NGS)–based RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) have greatly contributed to characterizing biochemical and physiological changes in cells and tissues across organisms and experimental conditions. Critical steps in RNA‐Seq include the preparation of the sequencing library from extracted RNA. Currently, a large panoply of RNA‐Seq kits are commercially available. In these kits, conversion of RNA into a sequencing library involves multiple steps, which are labor‐intensive, and cost per sample for library preparation may limit routine use of RNA‐Seq. Here we describe a simple method for RNA‐Seq library construction, referred to as RNA Fragmentation and Sequencing (RF‐Seq). RF‐Seq requires as little as 10 ng of total RNA and facilitates the sequencing of the 3′ end of mRNAs. RF‐Seq involves the fragmentation of total RNA followed by reverse transcription in presence of the oligo(dT) primer/template switch oligonucleotide and a sample barcoding/enrichment within a single PCR tube/well. The sample barcoding/enrichment step provides more flexibility for individual sample handling. The use of just twenty orthogonal Illumina TruSeq HT barcoding primers facilitates the preparation of 96 uniquely labeled RF‐Seq libraries in a single 96‐well PCR plate. Twelve RF‐Seq libraries can be prepared within 4 hr, with an approximate cost of $10/sample. We provide an example of using RF‐Seq to measure gene expression upon activation of an innate immune pathway using STING activator in human blood cells, highlighting the potential usefulness of the proposed method in routine transcriptomic applications such as high‐throughput drug screening and/or preclinical toxicity assays. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol: RNA fragmentation and sequencing (RF‐Seq): Cost‐effective, time‐efficient, and high‐throughput 3′ mRNA sequencing library construction in a single tube
Semiconductor Crystal Growth under the Influence of Magnetic Fields
Authors: Frank‐Rotsch Christiane , Dropka Natasha , Kießling Frank‐Michael , Rudolph Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe recent development of semiconductor crystal growth focusses on increase of process efficiency and simultaneous improvement of crystal quality. For improved crystal quality, an exact and permanent control of the melt flow is a crucial parameter. To achieve larger crystals, the melt volume must be increased markedly resulting in disadvantageously changed melt convection. In the case of Czochralski growth, the flow can even become turbulent. This changed flow can disturb the single crystal growth and may give rise to dopant inhomogeneities within the crystal. To effectively influence melt flow and hence to improve growth conditions, magnetic fields can be applied. Mostly, steady magnetic fields (SMF) are applied in industrial scale to damp melt flow oscillations. However, compared to SMF the application of non‐SMF proves to be also very promising since significantly lower induction causes similar effects in the melt. An overview on magnetic field features with the focus on achievable results under the influence of traveling magnetic fields is given.
Microwave‐Assisted Decarbonylation of Biomass‐Derived Aldehydes using Pd‐Doped Hydrotalcites
Authors: An Nan , Ainembabazi Diana , Reid Christopher , Samudrala Kavya , Wilson Karen , Lee Adam F. , Voutchkova‐Kostal Adelina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCatalytic decarbonylation is an underexplored strategy for deoxygenation of biomass‐derived aldehydes owing to a lack of low‐cost and robust heterogeneous catalysts that can operate in benign solvents. A family of Pd‐functionalized hydrotalcites (Pd‐HTs) were synthesized, characterized, and applied to the decarbonylation of furfural, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes under microwave conditions. This catalytic system delivered enhanced decarbonylation yields and turnover frequencies, even at a low Pd loading (0.5 mol %). Furfural decarbonylation was optimized in a benign solvent (ethanol) compatible with biomass processing; HMF selectively afforded an excellent yield (93 %) of furfuryl alcohol without humin formation; however, a longer reaction favored the formation of furan through tandem alcohol dehydrogenation and decarbonylation. Yields of the substituted benzaldehydes (37–99 %) were proportional to the calculated Mulliken charge of the carbonyl carbon. Activity and selectivity reflected loading‐dependent Pd speciation. Continuous‐flow testing of the best Pd‐HT catalyst delivered good stability over 16 h on stream, with near‐quantitative conversion of HMF.
Bilayered Potassium Vanadate K0.5V2O5 as Superior Cathode Material for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Baddour‐Hadjean Rita , Thanh Nguyen Huynh Le , Batyrbekuly Daureen , Bach Stéphane , Pereira‐Ramos Jean‐Pierre 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA bilayered potassium vanadate K0.5V2O5 (KVO) is synthesized by a fast and facile synthesis route and evaluated as a positive electrode material for Na‐ion batteries. Half the potassium ions can be topotactically extracted from KVO through the first charge, allowing 1.14 Na+ ions to be reversibly inserted. A good rate capability is also highlighted, with 160 mAh g−1 at C/10, 94 mAh g−1 at C/2, 73 mAh g−1 at 2C and excellent cycling stability with 152 mAh g−1 still available after 50 cycles at C/10. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction reveals weak and reversible structural changes resulting in soft breathing of the KVO host lattice upon Na extraction–insertion cycles (ΔV/V≈3 %). A high structure stability upon cycling is also achieved, at both the long‐range order and atomic scale probed by Raman spectroscopy. This remarkable behavior is ascribed to the large interlayer spacing of KVO (≈9.5 Å) stabilized by pillar K ions, which is able to accommodate Na ions without any critical change to the structure. Kinetics measurements reveal a good Na diffusivity that is hardly affected upon discharge. This study opens an avenue for further exploration of potassium vanadates and other bronzes in the field of Na‐ion batteries.
In Situ Surface Modification for Improving the Electrochemical Performance of Ni‐Rich Cathode Materials by Using ZrP2O7
Authors: Hu Guorong , Zhang Zhiyong , Li Tianfan , Gan Zhanggen , Du Ke , Peng Zhongdong , Xia Jin , Tao Yong , Cao Yanbing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNi‐rich layered LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode material has promising prospects for high capacity batteries at acceptable cost. However, LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode material suffers from surface structure instability and capacity degradation upon cycling. In this study, in situ ZrP2O7 coating is introduced to provide a protective structure. The optimum modification amount is 1.0 wt %. A series of characterization methods (X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) verify the generation and structure of the coating layer. Electrochemical performance tests demonstrate that the cycle retention rate increases from 66.35 to 86.92 % after 100 cycles at 1 C rate. The dense inorganic pyrophosphate layer not only has chemical stability against the electrolyte but also eliminates surface residual lithium. The protective layer and the matrix are strongly joined by high‐temperature heating, thereby giving a certain mechanical strength and protecting the overall structure of the topography. Therefore, the cycle and rate performance are enhanced by the modification with ZrP2O7.
Simultaneous analysis of 29 synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites, amphetamines, and cannabinoids in human whole blood by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry – A New Zealand perspective of use in 2018
Authors: Ong Rui Shen , Kappatos Diana C. , Russell Sarah G.G. , Poulsen Helen A. , Banister Samuel D. , Gerona Roy R. , Glass Michelle , Johnson Cameron S. , McCarthy Mary‐Jane 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe the validation of a method for the simultaneous analysis of 29 synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) and metabolites, 4 amphetamines, and 2 cannabinoids in human whole blood. This method enables one analysis to cover what previously required multiple analyses for these classic and novel drugs‐of‐abuse with diverse physicochemical properties. The scope of targeted analytes was based on the most prevalent drugs‐of‐abuse and SCs encountered at the New Zealand border in 2017 and included parent compounds and metabolites belonging to the indole and indazole carboxamide, quinolinyl indole carboxylate, and naphthoylindole classifications. Samples were prepared by supported‐liquid‐extraction (SLE) followed by liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS) analysis with positive electrospray ionization (ESI). The method was validated with respect to selectivity, matrix effects, process efficiency, sensitivity, repeatability, extract stability, and carryover for qualitative confirmation. Linearity as well as accuracy and precision data at target decision concentrations were also evaluated. The limits of detection and confirmation ranged from 0.1 to 6.0 ng/mL and 1.0 to 6.0 ng/mL, respectively. The described method was successfully applied to the analysis of 564 ante‐ and post‐mortem blood samples in 2018. There were 132 cases (23%) with positive findings of at least one SC, with the five most commonly detected SCs being AMB‐FUBINACA and/or acid (61%), 5F‐ADB and/or acid (40%), ADB‐FUBINACA (11%), 5F‐MDMB‐PICA acid (6%), and MDMB‐FUBINACA acid (6%). The results also demonstrate the predominant presence of metabolites at higher levels than the unchanged parent SCs in blood, highlighting the need to maintain forensic screening methods capable of the simultaneous detection of both parent compounds and metabolites.
Automatic counting of birds in a bird deterrence field trial
Authors: Simons Elizabeth S. , Hinders Mark K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDecreasing costs in high‐quality digital cameras, image processing, and digital storage allow researchers to generate and store massive amounts of digital imagery. The time needed to manually analyze these images will always be a limiting factor for experimental design and analysis. Implementation of computer vision algorithms for automating the detection and counting of animals reduces the manpower needed to analyze field images.For this paper, we assess the ability of computer vision to detect and count birds in images from a field test that was not designed for computer vision. Using video stills from the field test and Matlab's Computer Vision Toolbox, we designed and evaluated a cascade object detection method employing Haar and Local Binary Pattern feature types.Without editing the images, we found that the Haar feature can have a recall over 0.5 with an Intersection over Union threshold of 0.5. However, using this feature, 86% of the frames without birds had false‐positive bird detections. Reducing the false positives could lead to these detection methods being implemented into a fully automated system for detecting and counting birds.Accurately detecting and counting birds using computer vision will reduce manpower for field experiments, both in experimental design and data analysis. Improvements in automated detection and counting will allow researchers to design extended trials without the added step of optimizing the experimental setup and/or captured images for computer vision.
The impact of yeast presence in nectar on bumble bee behavior and fitness
Authors: Pozo María I. , van Kemenade Gaby , van Oystaeyen Annette , Aledón‐Catalá Tomás , Benavente Alfredo , Van den Ende Wim , Wäckers Felix , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe presence of yeasts in pollen and floral nectar is rather the norm than the exception. Due to the metabolic activities of yeasts, sugar and amino acid composition of nectar often drastically change and may negatively impact the nutritional value of nectar for pollinators and hence insect fitness. On the other hand, the presence of yeasts in floral nectar may also increase its nutritional value due to yeast's probiotic effect and the release of yeast's metabolites. In this study, we investigated whether the presence of defined flower‐ and insect‐associated yeasts affected individual and colony fitness of the bumble bee pollinatorBombus terrestris. Specifically, we tested whether the presence of yeasts in nectar affected bumble bee foraging behavior and nectar consumption, individual growth and colony development, larval and queen mortality, and mating success. Quantitative analyses of sugar and amino acid profiles showed that nectar yeasts significantly affected the chemical composition of nectar. However, dual‐choice experiments indicated that yeast inoculation did not significantly affect foraging behavior or consumption rates. Nest development, on the other hand, was significantly affected by the presence of yeasts, but effects largely depended on species identity, withCandida bombiphila,Metschnikowia gruessii, andRhodotorula mucilaginosahaving the largest positive impact on colony growth. Interestingly, the effects at the colony level were more pronounced than at the individual level. In vitro growth tests further showed that yeasts have the potential to suppress the growth of the bumble bee gut pathogenCrithidia bombi. Overall, these results demonstrate that nectar‐inhabiting yeasts can have diverse effects on bumble bee fitness and therefore may mediate plant–pollinator mutualisms.
Evaluating population impacts of predation by owls on storm petrels in relation to proposed island mouse eradication
Authors: Nur Nadav , Bradley Russell W. , Salas Leo , Warzybok Pete , Jahncke Jaime 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe quantify the expected demographic benefit to a seabird of conservation concern, the ashy storm‐petrel Oceanodroma homochroa, from the proposed eradication of introduced house mice Mus musculus on the South Farallon Islands, California. A key objective of the eradication is to reduce storm petrel predation by burrowing owls Athene cunicularia, which stopover on the island during their fall migration. Mouse trapping and field surveys of both owls and depredated storm petrel carcasses conducted during 2000–2012 reveal a strongly seasonal, inter‐related pattern among the three species: When owls arrive during the fall, mice are super‐abundant and the overwhelming choice of prey for those owls that remain. In the winter, the mouse population crashes just as storm petrels begin to arrive in large numbers; owls that remain on the island switch to preying upon storm petrels until May, when they depart to breed. Capture–recapture analyses of storm petrels showed (1) annual adult survival was inversely related to owl abundance, especially during January–April, and (2) storm petrels demonstrated a declining trend in abundance 2006–2012. The latter was associated with low rates of adult survival, high abundance of overwintering burrowing owls, and high incidence of depredated storm petrels. To evaluate projected impacts to storm petrels of a change in owl predation, we developed a Leslie matrix model, incorporating environmental stochasticity. We modeled future storm petrel population trajectories, allowing for different levels of owl‐mediated predation. Our results suggest that a reduction in owl abundance, a projected consequence of the elimination of mice, has the potential to substantially reduce overall storm petrel mortality, thereby reducing storm petrel declines and increasing the likelihood of stable trends in the future. While long‐term benefits to storm petrels of mouse eradication are apparent, the risk of increased predation due to prey‐switching by owls also needs to be addressed. This study highlights uncertainty of outcomes, which must be considered in evaluating management impacts. This study demonstrates the value of concurrent, continuous, long‐term datasets in providing a quantitative basis for management to aid the conservation of species of concern.
Rutin as an Electrochemical Mediator in the Determination of Captopril using a Graphite Paste Electrode
Authors: da Silva Diana Maria , da Cunha Areias Madalena Carneiro 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA simple, rapid and sensitive cyclic voltammetry method is described for the determination of the antihypertensive drug captopril in aqueous solution using a graphite paste electrode with rutin as mediator. The catalytic role of rutin in the oxidation of captopril was confirmed by the increase observed in anodic peak current at+0.44 V vs. SCE in the presence of the mediator. Anodic peak current varied linearly with the concentration of captopril in the dynamic range 0.2 to 1.0 mmol L−1. The method exhibited a limit of detection of 89.4 μmol L−1 and a reproducibility of 1 %, values that are comparable with those exhibited by other methodologies employing electrodes without any modification. The recovery rate for the determination of captopril in a pharmaceutical sample was good (91.21 %) suggesting that the described analytical technique would be effective in industrial applications whilst offering a number of advantages over published cyclic voltammetric methods.
Ceramic high temperature plate‐fin heat exchanger: A novel methodology for thermomechanical design investigation
Authors: Haunstetter Jürgen , Dreißigacker Volker 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe basic methodology of a novel, time‐saving approach for critical thermomechanical design studies of ceramic high temperature plate‐fin heat exchanger is presented. This approach allows the determination of local displacements, by applying the outer heat exchanger boundary conditions on a substitute model. These displacements are then used for detailed calculation of local stresses. The methodology is based on the effective Young's modulus, effective shear modulus, and effective Poisson ratio. Simulation models have been developed to determine these effective substitute properties. A model verification has been performed with a compression test rig. The simulation predicts the experimental results with deviations below 3%, which proves the feasibility and reliability of the effective material models. In order to reduce the parametric effort of the substitute simulation model, information about the material behavior is important. Here, the results indicate an orthotropic material behavior of the fin structure. This reduces the independent substitute material properties required for the characterization of the substitute model, which also reduces the overall simulation time.