bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregivers’ Perspectives on the Slight Recovery of Oral Intake of Home‐Dwelling Patients Living With a Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Group Interviews
Authors: Mori Hiroko , Naito Mariko , Nakane Ayako , Tohara Haruka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSwallowing rehabilitation for patients living with a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube for home enteral nutrition (HEN) is poorly documented, and the quality of caregivers’ daily lives is also unknown.MethodsA qualitative study based on constant comparative analysis was conducted. The study subjects were the caregivers of acquired brain injury survivors residing at home and living with a PEG tube for HEN who had recovered slight oral intake because of swallowing rehabilitation. Interviews were transcribed into anonymous transcripts and analyzed using inductive qualitative analysis. After 2 researchers performed the initial analysis, related concepts were extracted using matrix‐based methods. Finally, an audit was conducted to verify the consistency between the data and extracted concepts.ResultsOf the 22 caregivers (17 stroke cases and 5 traumatic brain injury cases), 21 were female and 1 was male. The psychological impact on caregivers’ daily lives because of the patients’ slight recovery of oral intake consisted of 4 concepts: (1) reconstructing and/or strengthening a sense of family belonging, (2) combining oral intake and other rehabilitation, (3) reducing the burden of providing care, and (4) relieving social isolation. Additionally, the evaluation of swallowing function using video endoscopy at every visit led to compliance with eating safety to fit patients’ swallowing ability.ConclusionsSlight recovery of patients’ oral intake changed the daily lives of emotionally overwhelmed caregivers. The evaluation of swallowing disabilities using video endoscopy for patients with a PEG tube for HEN may reveal recovery of eating function and increase compliance with eating safety.
Standard and Specialized Infant Formulas in Europe: Making, Marketing, and Health Outcomes
Authors: Dipasquale Valeria , Serra Gregorio , Corsello Giovanni , Romano Claudio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInfant formulas are the only suitable substitute for human milk. The most common infant formulas are standard formulas based on cow's milk. In addition, there are formulas for infants showing signs and symptoms of intolerance and for clinical conditions such as allergy, prematurity, and gastrointestinal diseases. A comprehensive review of the literature was made to review the composition of standard and specialized infant formulas and analyze indications for use, real or presumed nutrition differences and properties, and impact on infant growth. A brief consideration on costs is outlined for each formula. Over the past few years, industrial production and advertising of infant formulas have increased. Human milk still remains the most complete source of nutrition for infants and should be continued according to the current recommendations. Few differences exist between infant formulas, both for the nutrition action and the macronutrient/micronutrient composition. Specialized infant formulas have limited indications for use and high costs. The role of the pediatrician is crucial in the management of infant nutrition, promotion of breastfeeding, and prescribing of specialized formulas only in specific clinical conditions.
Lippmann‐Schwinger solvers for the explicit jump discretization for thermal computational homogenization problems
Authors: Dorn Christian , Schneider Matti 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWe present a variational formulation and a Lippmann‐Schwinger equation for the explicit jump discretization of thermal computational homogenization problems, together with fast and memory‐efficient matrix‐free solvers based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Wiegmann and Zemitis introduced the explicit jump discretization for volumetric image‐based computational homogenization of thermal conduction. In contrast to Fourier and finite difference‐based discretization methods classically used in FFT‐based homogenization, the explicit jump discretization is devoid of ringing and checkerboarding artifacts. Originally, the explicit jump discretization was formulated as the discrete equivalent of a boundary integral equation for the jump in the temperature gradient. The resulting equations are not symmetric positive definite, and thus solved by the BiCGSTAB method. Still, the numerical scheme exhibits stable convergence behavior, also in the presence of pores. In this work, we exploit a reformulation of the explicit jump system in terms of harmonically averaged conductivities. The resulting system is intrinsically symmetric positive definite and admits a Lippmann‐Schwinger formulation. A seamless integration into existing FFT‐based software packages is ensured. We demonstrate our improvements by numerical experiments.
Synergistic effect of pressure cold atmospheric plasma and carboxymethyl chitosan to mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on PCL/CMC nanofibers for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Alemi Parinaz Sadat , Atyabi Seyed Alireza , Sharifi Fereshteh , Mohamadali Marjan , Irani Shiva , Bakhshi Hadi , Atyabi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: February 2019

Cell attachment and differentiation on biomaterials might be enhanced by surface modification techniques. The main aim of this study was to improve stem cell/material interaction by pressure cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). We developed a combination of electrospun poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐chitosan (CTS) and PCL‐carboxy methyl chitosan (CMC) scaffolds. In order to make nanofiber surfaces more appropriate for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation, CAP was used. Proliferation and cartilage differentiation of MSCs were then evaluated during 21 days. Biocompatibility test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2yl]‐2, 5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining were performed. After 21 days, induction of cartilage differentiation was approved through expression of SRY‐Box 9 (SOX9) and collagen type II (COL2) genes by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and COL2 protein expression was accordingly confirmed by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Thus, our data showed the PCL/CMC scaffolds can support and induce the differentiation of MSC to cartilage‐like cells.
Multimorbidity and healthcare utilization among early survivors of pediatric cancer
Authors: Harrington Rachel L. , Qato Dima M. , Antoon James W. , Caskey Rachel N. , Schumock Glen T. , Lee Todd A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEarly survivors of pediatric cancer are at increased risk of experiencing chronic conditions; however, little is known about the morbidity burden in this population. In this observational cohort study of commercially insured pediatric cancer survivors in the United States (2009–2014), we find that 22.5% of survivors had one chronic condition, and 36.3% had multiple. Compared with survivors without chronic conditions, the presence of multiple conditions significantly increased the odds of an emergency department visit by 70% (odds ratios [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–2.1) and of a hospitalization almost four‐fold (OR, 3.8; 95% CI], 2.5–5.5). Findings are important for informing pediatric survivorship care plans in the years following completion of therapy.
Low‐risk factors for severe bacterial infection and acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Rincón‐López Elena María , Navarro Gómez María Luisa , Hernández‐Sampelayo Matos Teresa , Saavedra‐Lozano Jesús , Aguilar de la Red Yurena , Hernández Rupérez Belén , Cela de Julián Elena ,   RETRO‐DREP Study Group
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe rate of bacterial infections in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) has decreased in recent years, mainly due to penicillin prophylaxis and vaccination.ObjectivesTo determine the rate of severe bacterial infection (SBI) in a cohort of children with SCD and to describe low‐risk factors for confirmed SBI (CSBI) and acute chest syndrome (ACS).MethodsThis 11‐year retrospective cohort study included children with febrile SCD admitted to a reference hospital in Spain. A case‐control study was performed comparing patients diagnosed with SBI to those without SBI, and subanalyses for groups with CSBI and ACS were carried out.ResultsA total of 316 febrile episodes were analyzed; 69 (21.8%) had confirmed or possible SBI. Thirteen of those had CSBI (4.1%), eight urinary tract infection, and five bacteremia/sepsis. Among the cases of possible SBI, the majority had ACS (54/56; 96.4%). Age >3 years, absence of central venous catheter, hemodynamic stability, and procalcitonin <0.6 ng/ml were low‐risk factors for CSBI, whereas normal oxygen saturation and C‐reactive protein <3 mg/dl were low‐risk factors for ACS, with negative predictive values (NPV) of 98.3%, 97.4%, 96%, 97.2%, 87.5%, and 85.8%, respectively.ConclusionIn this cohort of children with SCD who were well vaccinated and received adequate prophylaxis, we found a low rate of bacteremia and CSBI. We described several low‐risk factors for CSBI and ACS, all of them with a high NPV. These findings may help to develop a risk score to safely select the patients that could be managed with a more conservative approach.
Radical polymerization in the presence of peroxide and reducing agent monomer for branched polymers
Authors: Jiang Qimin , Du Yongzhuang , Huang Wenyan , Chen Jianhai , Yang Hongjun , Xue Xiaoqiang , Jiang Li , Jiang Bibiao 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, we report the radical polymerization in the presence of peroxide and commercially available or designed reducing agent monomer (RAM) for the preparation of branched poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMAs). The reaction behavior of the RAM was studied by NMR. Triple‐detection SEC (TD‐SEC) analysis was used to confirm the branching structure of the prepared PMMAs and to investigate the influence of peroxide concentration and RAM concentration on molecular weight and branched structure. The obtained branched PMMAs exhibited high molecular weights and relatively narrow polydispersities at high conversion of MMA. Interestingly, a significant increase in molecular weight and degree of branching of the obtained polymers are observed in higher BPO concentration, these results are quite different from that reported in the literature. The unique radical polymerization mechanism in the RAM/BPO redox‐initiated radical polymerization system resulted in branched PMMAs with high molecular weights at relatively high RAM and BPO concentrations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 833–840
Mechanism of trace acetamiprid‐caused reproductive disorders in silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyu , Li Fanchi , Chen Jian , Wang Hui , Mao Tingting , Li Jinxin , Hu Jiahuan , Li Bing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeonicotinoid insecticides are widely used in the prevention and control of pests in agriculture and forestry, but they can also affect the development of nontarget economic insects. In order to determine the effects of trace acetamiprid on the development of reproductive system of silkworm, we studied the gonad development and endogenous hormone metabolism in silkworms exposed to trace acetamiprid.RESULTThe silkworm showed mild poisoning symptoms after being exposed to trace acetamiprid (0.01 mg L−1). After 96 h of acetamiprid exposure, the body weight of silkworm was decreased by 7.67% and the ovary and fallopian tube were abnormally developed. The egg production in adults was decreased by 197 ± 29, and the egg weight was decreased by 0.52 ± 0.01 mg. Quantitative RT‐PCR analysis showed that the relative expression levels of ovarian development‐related genes Vg, Ovo, Otu, Sxl‐S and Sxl‐L were downregulated by 0.71, 0.77, 0.47, 0.67 and 0.88‐fold, respectively. The transcriptional expression of ecdysone metabolism‐related gene (EcR) in the ovary was downregulated by 0.46‐fold while the expression of juvenile hormone‐related gene (JHBP2) was upregulated by 1.36‐fold. In hemolymph of acetamiprid exposed larvae, the content of ecdysone was reduced whereas the content of juvenile hormone was increased.CONCLUSIONTrace acetamiprid may cause reproductive dysfunction in silkworms through regulating the metabolism of endogenous hormones. Our study provides a reference for elucidating the mechanism of acetamiprid‐induced reproductive disorders in insects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Semisynthesis of novel N‐acyl/sulfonyl derivatives of 5(3,5)‐(di)halogenocytisines/cytisine and their pesticidal activities against Mythimna separata Walker, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, and Sitobion avenae Fabricius
Authors: Huang Xiaobo , Lv Min , Xu Hui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo discover novel natural product‐based pesticidal agents for crop protection, a series of N‐acyl/sulfonyl derivatives of 5(3,5)‐(di)halogenocytisines/cytisine were prepared by structural modifications of cytisine. Their pesticidal activities were evaluated against three typically crop‐threatening agricultural pests, Mythimna separata Walker, Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, and Sitobion avenae Fabricius.RESULTSCompound 5f exhibited the promising pesticidal activities against three tested pests. All N‐phenylsulfonylcytisine derivatives showed potent acaricidal activity. Compound 5j exhibited 2.5‐fold more potent acaricidal activity than cytisine, and showed good control effects. Intermediates 2, and 3/3′ displayed pronounced aphicidal activity. Some interesting results of structure–activity relationships were also obtained.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrate that compounds 5f and 5j could be further modified as pesticidal agents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Global Regression Using the Explicit Solution of Michaelis‐Menten Kinetics Employing Lambert's W Function: High Robustness of Parameter Estimates
Authors: Paar Margret , Schrabmair Walter , Mairold Martina , Oettl Karl , Reibnegger Gilbert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMichaelis and Menten devised their model for enzyme kinetics in 1913. Various linearization schemes such as the Lineweaver‐Burk approximation have become popular. An explicit solution using the Lambert W function has been presented but remains widely unknown among bioscientists. By computer simulation, we studied the effects of two sources of measurement error on the estimates of the system parameters KM and vmax obtained by the explicit as well as by the implicit solutions as well as by popular approximations. Global regression using the explicit solution exhibits the highest robustness of parameter estimates against measurement error, compared with all other evaluation techniques. We conclude that global regression using the explicit solution of the Michaelis Menten equation provides superior resulting estimates for KM and vmax, even in case of considerable experimental error.
BMIm[OH] Catalyzed Rapid, Mild and Improved Protocol for the Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐(nitroalkyl)indolin‐2‐one Derivatives in Water
Authors: Chakraborty Ankita , Ghosh Tanmoy , Maiti Dilip K. , Majumdar Swapan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA sustainable route for the Henry reaction of isatins with nitromethane or nitroethane to afford 3‐hydroxy‐3‐(nitroalkyl)indolin‐2‐ones was developed by the catalysis of 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium hydroxide (BMIm[OH]) ionic liquid in water‐SDS system. Incorporation of SDS in the reaction medium enhances the reaction rate by suppressing the solubility issues for different substrates particularly for N‐alkylated isatins. This method provides high yield of the condensation product in a shorter reaction time under a very mild condition and in a multi‐gram scale reaction. Moreover, recyclability of the catalyst ionic liquid as well as reaction medium including surfactant makes the present protocol environmentally benign.
Single Particle Electrochemistry of Collision
Authors: Xu Wei , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA novel electrochemistry method using stochastic collision of particles at microelectrode to study their performance in single‐particle scale has obtained remarkable development in recent years. This convenient and swift analytical method, which can be called “nanoimpact,” is focused on the electrochemical process of the single particle rather than in complex ensemble systems. Many researchers have applied this nanoimpact method to investigate various kinds of materials in many research fields, including sensing, electrochemical catalysis, and energy storage. However, the ways how they utilize the method are quite different and the key points can be classified into four sorts: sensing particles at ultralow concentration, theory optimization, kinetics of mediated catalytic reaction, and redox electrochemistry of the particles. This review gives a brief overview of the development of the nanoimpact method from the four aspects in a new perspective.
New Insights into the Electrochemistry Superiority of Liquid Na–K Alloy in Metal Batteries
Authors: Huang Man , Xi Baojuan , Feng Zhenyu , Wu Fangfang , Wei Denghu , Liu Jing , Feng Jinkui , Qian Yitai , Xiong Shenglin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe significant issues with alkali metal batteries arise from their poor electrochemical properties and safety problems, limiting their applications. Herein, TiO2 nanoparticles embedded into N‐doped porous carbon truncated ocatahedra (TiO2⊂NPCTO) are engineered as a cathode material with different metal anodes, including solid Na or K and liquid Na–K alloy. Electrochemical performance and kinetics are systematically analyzed, with the aim to determine detailed electrochemistry. By using a galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, TiO2⊂NPCTO/NaK shows faster diffusion of metal ions in insertion and extraction processes than that of Na‐ions and K‐ions in solid Na and K. The lower reaction resistance of liquid Na–K alloy electrode is also examined. The higher b‐value of TiO2⊂NPCTO/NaK confirms that the reaction kinetics are promoted by the surface‐induced capacitive behavior, favorable for high rate performance. This superiority highly pertains to the distinct liquid−liquid junction between the electrolyte and electrode, and the prohibition of metal dendrite growth, substantiated by symmetric cell testing, which provides a robust and homogeneous interface more stable than the traditional solid−liquid one. Hence, the liquid Na–K alloy‐based battery exhibits to better cyclablity with higher capacity, rate capability, and initial coulombic efficiency than solid Na and K batteries.
SELFNET 5G mobile edge computing infrastructure: Design and prototyping
Authors: Chirivella‐Perez Enrique , Marco‐Alaez Ricardo , Hita Alba , Serrano Ana , Alcaraz Calero Jose M. , Wang Qi , Neves Pedro M. , Bernini Giacomo , Koutsopoulos Konstantinos , Gil Pérez Manuel , Martínez Pérez Gregorio , Barros Maria João , Gavras Anastasius 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper presents the design and prototype implementation of the SELFNET fifth‐generation (5G) mobile edge infrastructure. In line with the current and emerging 5G architectural principles, visions, and standards, the proposed infrastructure is established primarily based on a mobile edge computing paradigm. It leverages cloud computing, software‐defined networking, and network function virtualization as core enabling technologies. Several technical solutions and options have been analyzed. As a result, a novel portable 5G infrastructure testbed has been prototyped to enable the preliminary testing of the integrated key technologies and to provide a realistic execution platform for further investigating and evaluating software‐defined networking– and network function virtualization–based application scenarios in 5G networks.
Concept versus data in delimitation of plant genera
Authors: Humphreys Aelys M. , Linder H. Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs a consequence of there being several ways in which observed patterns of variation in nature can be conveyed in a generic classification, long recognised genera have changed in size over time. The generic rank has its origins in folk taxonomy, where genera were homogenous units of relatively few kinds. In the era of Bentham there was a widespread preference for large genera, many of which were split during the 20th century. In a survey of contemporary (1998–2007) generic delimitation practice we found a significant dichotomy between studies that incorporate molecular data and those that rely exclusively on morphological data. The former lead to delimitation of larger genera whereas the latter in general do not. This finding spurred a broader investigation into what drives changes in overall generic sizes, new data sources or new concepts? Two new data types have been introduced during the course of history: detailed morphology (anatomy, cytology) and chemical data (amino acid and DNA sequence data). Conceptual development has seen several turns: from language and communication, through memory and stability, to evolution and monophyly. We argue that conceptual change has a greater impact than changes in data do, since new data must be interpreted and translated into a classification and since conceptual changes may spur a search for new kinds of data. We conclude that the current trend toward recognising larger genera is a result of a return to study on a broad scale, rather than of incorporation of molecular data.
Phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy, and morphological evolution in Dipsacaceae (Dipsacales) inferred by DNA sequence data
Authors: Carlson Sara E. , Mayer Veronika , Donoghue Michael J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA phylogenetic study of Dipsacaceae, a Mediterranean­centered clade in the Dipsacales, was conducted using nuclear ITS and three chloroplast markers (atpB ­ rbcL, trnL­ trnF, trnSUGA­ trnGGCC). This is the first molecular study to assess Dipsacaceae phylogeny in detail, and includes representatives from all major subclades. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses were carried out on the ITS and plastid datasets separately and in combination. For the most part, the ITS and plastid datasets resulted in similar topologies, and the combined data yielded a well­resolved estimate of Dipsacaceae phylogeny. A small Asian clade composed of Bassecoia and Pterocephalodes hookeri is resolved as sister to the rest of Dipsacaceae. Scabioseae s. str. (Scabiosa, Sixalix, Pterocephalus s. str., Lomelosia , Pycnocomon) and a "Dipknautid" clade (Dipsacus, Cephalaria, Knautia, Pterocephalidum, Succisa, Succisella, Pseudoscabiosa) form the two major lineages within Dipsacaceae. Most of the previously recognized genera are recovered as monophyletic, with the exception of Pycnocomon, which is nested within Lomelosia. We discuss the taxonomic implications of these results and their significance for understanding character evolution, particularly of the epicalyx in relation to seed dispersal.