bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Op zoek naar verbinding in de samenleving
Authors: Horjus Bob , van Dijken Maartje 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Looking for connection in society; Lessons from eight years of research on The Peaceable Neighbourhood.

Research among the Dutch population indicates an undesirable trend of increasing segregation. Scientific literature shows that a solution lies in the strengthening of relationships between (groups) of citizens. Therefore, in this essay, we explore how The Peaceable Neighbourhood contributed to strengthening relationships between children, parents, other residents and professionals. We describe cases and practical experience based on research on the Peaceable Neighbourhood program. Findings show that the Children’s Council can act as a bridge between children and other groups of residents in their neighbourhood. There are also indications that relations among professionals working with children were mutually reinforced. However, strengthening relationships between parents and professionals (linking social capital) and between groups of parents (bridging social capital) seems less successful. Parents were often unable to take initiatives or deal with the, in their eyes, more powerful and competent professionals. Professionals had difficulties in giving up responsibility. As a result of the Peaceable Neighbourhood activities, networks of parents with the same migrant background became stronger (bonding social capital), but the strengthening of relationships with members of other populations remained behind. Practical experiences teaches us that with adequate and personal commitment of professionals, trust can be gained from (groups of) parents, who can, subsequently, connect with other (groups of) parents with more confidence.
Opvoeden: Een privé- én publieke zaak
Authors: Kesselring Marije 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Childrearing: a private and public issue

In the run-up to the transformation of youth and family care, the ‘educative civil society’ (ECS) – the joint efforts of citizens in the upbringing of children and adolescents – has increasingly received attention. Many municipalities have embraced the ECS and translated into policy plans and practice initiatives. At the same time, there is criticisms: is it feasible to expect that all parents are willing to form childrearing networks? This article reports on a focus group study on parents’ willingness to involve others in the upbringing of their children. The results suggest that sharing childrearing responsibilities is a delicate issue that comes with conditions. At the same time, the results give rise to a nuancing of the antithesis ‘private worry vs. public issue’: parents believe that they do not have, nor insist on having, the monopoly on childrearing and emphasize the additional and compensatory value of secondary caregivers, both for their children and for themselves as primary caregivers. These nuances give nourishment to the debate on the feasibility and future development of the ECS.
Het spanningsveld tussen ‘front-’ en ‘backstage’ in intensieve pedagogische thuisbegeleiding
Authors: Steens Roos , Hermans Koen , Van Regenmortel Tine 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

The tension between ‘front-’ and ‘backstage’ in intensive pedagogical home-based family support. A multiple case study

Both in Flanders and in the Netherlands, there is a growing attention to family preservation programs. Research on family preservation is, however, mainly conducted within a positivist framework. Because of that, we have gathered some insights into overall trends, but we have very little detailed information about the day-to-day practice of family preservation. What happens when a social worker and a family are face-to-face? What are the underlying mechanisms that influence the impact of a family preservation program? In this study, we use a multiple case-study with a triangulation of different ethnographical methods to build knowledge about the complex and dynamic tension in which family preservation programs take shape. We illustrate the discrepancy between how an intervention is displayed ‘front stage’ (in case-files, reports, registrations) and what happens ‘back stage’ (during the face-to-face contacts). We describe how, at the beginning and at the end of a treatment process, the focus on the ‘front stage’ influences the attunement between a social worker and a family. In between, however, the social worker undertakes small but significant actions at the ‘back stage’ of the intervention process, which are regarded as extremely helpful by the families. By shedding light on what happens beyond case-files, reports and registrations, it becomes possible to open the black box of social interventions and enrich the conceptual framework of ‘what works’ in family preservation. In addition, by working collaboratively between researchers, social workers and families, a collaborative research community is formed and local improvement processes are enhanced.
Reliability ensemble averaging of 21st century projections of terrestrial net primary productivity reduces global and regional uncertainties
Authors: Exbrayat Jean-François , Bloom A. Anthony , Falloon Pete , Ito Akihiko , Smallman T. Luke , Williams Mathew 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Multi-model averaging techniques provide opportunities to
extract
additional information from large ensembles of simulations. In
particular, present-day model skill can be used to evaluate their
potential performance in future climate simulations. Multi-model
averaging methods have been used extensively in climate and
hydrological sciences, but they have not been used to constrain
projected plant productivity responses to climate change, which is
a major uncertainty in Earth system modelling. Here, we use three
global observationally orientated estimates of current net primary
productivity (NPP) to perform a reliability ensemble averaging (REA) method
using 30 global simulations of the 21st century change in NPP based
on the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP)
”business as usual” emissions scenario. We find that the three
REA methods support an increase in global NPP by the end of the 21st
century (2095–2099) compared to 2001–2005, which is 2–3 %
stronger than the ensemble ISIMIP mean value of
24.2 Pg C y−1. Using REA also leads to a 45–68 %
reduction in the global uncertainty of 21st century NPP projection,
which strengthens confidence in the resilience of the
CO2 fertilization effect to climate change. This reduction
in uncertainty is especially clear for boreal ecosystems although it
may be an artefact due to the lack of representation of nutrient
limitations on NPP in most models. Conversely, the large uncertainty
that remains on the sign of the response of NPP in semi-arid regions
points to the need for better observations and model development in
these regions.
Derived Optimal Linear Combination Evapotranspiration (DOLCE): a global gridded synthesis ET estimate
Authors: Hobeichi Sanaa , Abramowitz Gab , Evans Jason , Ukkola Anna 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Accurate global gridded estimates of evapotranspiration (ET) are key
to understanding water and energy budgets, in addition to being required
for model evaluation. Several gridded ET products have already been
developed which differ in their data requirements, the approaches
used to derive them and their estimates, yet it is not clear which
provides the most reliable estimates. This paper presents a new
global ET dataset and associated uncertainty with monthly temporal
resolution for 2000–2009. Six existing gridded ET products are
combined using a weighting approach trained by observational
datasets from 159 FLUXNET sites. The weighting method is based on
a technique that provides an analytically optimal linear combination
of ET products compared to site data and accounts for both the
performance differences and error covariance between the
participating ET products. We examine the performance of the
weighting approach in several in-sample and out-of-sample tests that
confirm that point-based estimates of flux towers provide
information on the grid scale of these products. We also provide
evidence that the weighted product performs better than its six
constituent ET product members in four common metrics. Uncertainty
in the ET estimate is derived by rescaling the spread of
participating ET products so that their spread reflects the ability
of the weighted mean estimate to match flux tower data. While issues
in observational data and any common biases in participating ET
datasets are limitations to the success of this approach, future
datasets can easily be incorporated and enhance the derived product.
The seismo-hydromechanical behavior during deep geothermal reservoir stimulations: open questions tackled in a decameter-scale in situ stimulation experiment
Authors: Amann Florian , Gischig Valentin , Evans Keith , Doetsch Joseph , Jalali Reza , Valley Benoît , Krietsch Hannes , Dutler Nathan , Villiger Linus , Brixel Bernard , Klepikova Maria , Kittilä Anniina , Madonna Claudio , Wiemer Stefan , Saar Martin O. , Loew Simon , Driesner Thomas , Maurer Hansruedi , Giardini Domenico 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. In this contribution, we present a review of scientific research results that address seismo-hydromechanically coupled processes relevant for the development of a sustainable heat exchanger in low-permeability crystalline rock and introduce the design of the In situ Stimulation and Circulation (ISC) experiment at the Grimsel Test Site dedicated to studying such processes under controlled conditions. The review shows that research on reservoir stimulation for deep geothermal energy exploitation has been largely based on laboratory observations, large-scale projects and numerical models. Observations of full-scale reservoir stimulations have yielded important results. However, the limited access to the reservoir and limitations in the control on the experimental conditions during deep reservoir stimulations is insufficient to resolve the details of the hydromechanical processes that would enhance process understanding in a way that aids future stimulation design. Small-scale laboratory experiments provide fundamental insights into various processes relevant for enhanced geothermal energy, but suffer from (1) difficulties and uncertainties in upscaling the results to the field scale and (2) relatively homogeneous material and stress conditions that lead to an oversimplistic fracture flow and/or hydraulic fracture propagation behavior that is not representative of a heterogeneous reservoir. Thus, there is a need for intermediate-scale hydraulic stimulation experiments with high experimental control that bridge the various scales and for which access to the target rock mass with a comprehensive monitoring system is possible. The ISC experiment is designed to address open research questions in a naturally fractured and faulted crystalline rock mass at the Grimsel Test Site (Switzerland). Two hydraulic injection phases were executed to enhance the permeability of the rock mass. During the injection phases the rock mass deformation across fractures and within intact rock, the pore pressure distribution and propagation, and the microseismic response were monitored at a high spatial and temporal resolution.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA OF HIGHLY DISPERSIBLE SILICA AND INTERFACIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GREEN ELASTOMER COMPOSITES
Authors: Manoharan Partheban , Anagha M. G. , Das Narayan Chandra , Naskar Kinsuk 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) is a modified form of NR bearing polar epoxy groups. The focus is on dispersion of highly dispersible silica (HDS) filler with three different specific surface areas in ENR 25/ENR 50 composites. The effect of three different specific surface areas of HDS on bound rubber content, Payne effect, physicomechanical properties, and viscoelastic properties of the green composites was studied in detail. Also, the influences of epoxide content in ENRs in the absence of silane coupling agent are evaluated on the overall properties of green composites. The highest level of reinforcement was obtained for the intermediate specific surface area of HDS due to the homogenous dispersion in the ENR matrix. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has been used to analyze the particle network and cluster establishment in the green composites. The present SAXS method provides a unique insight into the aggregate formation according to the Beaucage model. On the other hand, SAXS results demonstrate that the particle network can be efficiently suppressed by increasing the specific surface area of HDS.
UNSUITABILITY OF THE ZEK/AFPS TEST METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN CARBON BLACK
Authors: Hamm Stephan , Hölscher Kai , Gruenberger Thomas M. , Moninot Gilles , Örtel Wolfgang , Petiniot Nicole 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
The Zentraler Erfahrungsaustauschkreis/Ausschuss für Produktsicherheit (ZEK/AfPS) analytical method established within the Geprüfte Sicherheit (GS) quality label for the determination of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in consumer articles made out of rubber or plastic was demonstrated as unsuitable for carbon black (CB). High molecular weight PAHs are not efficiently extracted from CB through the ZEK/AfPS method when compared with the CB-specific method consisting of 48 h Soxhlet extraction. The low extraction efficiency correlates with the low recovery or loss of the deuterated isotopologues added prior to the 1 h ZEK/AfPS ultrasound extraction of the native PAHs. These phenomena are dependent on the type and concentration level of the various PAHs and are attributed to the relative distribution and adsorption of the native and deuterated PAHs between the CB surface and the toluene phase. These findings are based on comparative extractions of various carbon black grades, use of a larger set of deuterated isotopologues for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) quantification of native PAHs, and monitoring of the recoveries of the deuterated PAHs added prior to or after the ZEK/AfPS extractions.
De griffier in gemeenteland
Authors: Schaap Linze , Kruyen Peter , van Hulst Merlijn , van Ostaaijen Julien 
Published: February 2018

The registrar in the municipality
The introduction of dualistic administration in the municipal government in the Netherlands in 2002 created the profession of the registrar. This article contains a description of the way Dutch municipal registrars fill in their office nowadays. The research shows that registrars deal with a wide range of tasks, that can be divided in four task fields: secretarial tasks, facilitating, representing and advising councillors. In the filling in of these task fields several profiles of registrars arise. So the basic registrar mainly organizes council meetings and reports on these meetings. The basic registrar plus performs the same tasks, but is also active in a few other task fields. The strategic advisor is the most active on all task fields. There are some significant differences between the three profiles when it comes to the importance of registrars to their activities, their value orientations and their competences. Contextual factors are hardly important, except the size of the municipality. It is also remarkable that the registrar has shown little activity with respect to two developments that are becoming increasingly important for municipal councils: regionalization and socialization of local government.
De vroege geschiedenis van de (lokale) bestuurswetenschappen
Authors: Reussing Rik 
Published: February 2018

The early history of Dutch (local) administrative sciences: Jos van der Grinten as ally of Gerrit van Poelje
Exactly a hundred years ago Jos van der Grinten wrote an article in De Beiaard (a catholic magazine) with which he established his name as early administrative scientist. In this respect he is an important ally of Gerrit van Poelje, who is generally recognized to be the founder of the (local) administrative sciences in the Netherlands. This essay discusses the most important themes in the work of Van der Grinten against the background of the early debate about the quality of local administration in the Netherlands. The essay also looks into his place in the history of (local) administrative sciences, not only nationally in relation to Gerrit van Poelje, but also internationally in relation to the American writer Frank Goodnow. In 1923 Van der Grinten (until his early death in 1932) was the first professor of State and Administrative Law at the new Catholic University of Nijmegen. As the city secretary of Nijmegen he played an important role at the arrival of this university to Nijmegen, but in this period he also contributed to the (local) administrative sciences. In this sense he is the forerunner of Public Administration, first at the Legal Department and later at the Social Department of the Radboud University in Nijmegen.
Gemeenteraadslid in de meervoudige democratie: hoe dan?!
Authors: van Stipdonk Vincent , van den Berg Marije 
Published: February 2018

Municipal councillor in the multiple democracy: how?! Suggestions for a more productive interplay in the multiple democracy
This essay describes how municipal councillors can make the difference in the multiple democracy, in which forms of representative and participative democracy touch upon each other. The essay has three parts. The first part addresses the questions: what do you make politics of, and how do you fill in your role as municipal councillor in this multiple democracy? The second part is about the question: where to steer and control in the local interplay? The final part of the essay discusses what forms there are and at what moments they can be used. The key argument of the authors is that municipal councillors can make the difference by: (a) working on social assignments and connecting to these social assignments the administrative and organizational assignment by setting priorities; (b) being responsible for the whole system (for the community and for the municipality); (c) steering on a democratic process on the basis of clear criteria; (d) ensuring appropriate forms per assignment and per policy phase; and (e) thereby also supervising implementation and management.
Dworkin’s Rights Conception of the Rule of Law in Criminal Law
Authors: Jansen Briain 
Published: February 2018

Dworkin’s Rights Conception of the Rule of Law in Criminal Law
The extensive interpretation of criminal law to the detriment of the defendant in criminal law is often problematized in doctrinal theory. Extensive interpretation is then argued to be problematic in the light of important ideals such as democracy and legal certainty in criminal law. In the Dutch discussion of this issue, Klaas Rozemond has argued that sometimes extensive interpretation is mandated by the rule of law in order to protect the rights of victims. Rozemond grounds his argument on a reading of Dworkin’s distinction between the rule-book and the rights conception of the rule of law. In this article, I argue that Dworkin’s rights conception, properly considered, does not necessarily mandate the imposition of criminal law or its extensive interpretation in court in order to protect victims’ rights.
Schade in de virtuele wereld: de casus virtuele grooming
Authors: ten Voorde Jeroen 
Published: February 2018

Schade in de virtuele wereld: de casus virtuele grooming
As part of a package of legislative measures concerning cybercrime, the Dutch State Secretary for Security and Justice proposes to criminalize virtual grooming, that is the grooming of a person of minor age who, for example, does only exist as an online creature. The legislator’s principle argument for criminalization is based on the harm principle. This article examines the possibility of founding the criminalization of virtual grooming on this principle.
Positieve uitlokking van ethisch hacken
Authors: Harms Karel 
Published: February 2018

Positieve uitlokking van ethisch hacken. Een onderzoek naar responsible-disclosurebeleid
In this contribution, the Dutch government’s acceptance of ethical hacking, by implementing a policy of responsible disclosure, is considered to be a beneficent development. Ethical hacking contributes to cybersecurity and is intrinsically desirable. The term positive incitement is proposed to describe the relatively new phenomenon of encouraging ethical hacking. Positive incitement will be analysed by making a comparison to the Dutch toleration policy regarding soft drugs, and to incitement by law enforcement. Positive incitement should not change into negative incitement, which would result in a serious breach of the rights of ethical hackers. Furthermore, it is argued that the intrinsic value of ethical hacking can justify searching for vulnerabilities in systems of organisations who do not approve of this in advance.
Wel ambitieus, niet visionair. De digitalisering in Modernisering Strafvordering.
Authors: Stamhuis E.F. 
Published: February 2018

Wel ambitieus, niet visionair. De digitalisering in Modernisering Strafvordering.
In deze opiniërende bijdrage wordt kort beschreven hoe het project Modernisering Strafvordering aan de digitalisering van de strafrechtspleging bijdraagt. Verder komt de experimenteerbepaling aan de orde. Wat echter ontbreekt, is een visie op de volgende stap in de ontwikkeling, waarin de technologie de menselijke beslissing verder kan vervangen. Met behulp van vier trefwoorden wordt aangegeven welke onderwerpen voor een visie relevant zijn: veiligheid, verbeelding, verantwoordelijkheid en vertrouwen.
Psychische problemen tijdens detentie: een overzicht van kernresultaten uit het Prison Project
Authors: Dirkzwager A.J.E. , Nieuwbeerta P. 
Published: February 2018

Mental health problems during imprisonment: An overview of findings from the Prison Project
This contribution summarizes findings from the Prison Project on the longitudinal course of mental health problems during imprisonment. The findings illustrate that prisoners experience high levels of mental health problems. Shortly after their arrival in detention, a quarter of them experienced a high level of mental health problems, which is five times as high as men in the general population. Prisoners’ mental health problems decreased during imprisonment. Both characteristics of the correctional environment (e.g. a fair and respectful treatment by prison staff) and pre-existing characteristics of the prisoners (e.g. personality traits) are related to the course of mental health problems in detention.
Sla het brein niet in de boeien
Authors: Meijers Jesse , Harte Joke M. , Scherder Erik J.A. 
Published: February 2018

Do not restrain the prisoner’s brain
Executive functions (EF) are higher order brain functions that are crucial for self-regulation, which may be negatively influenced by an impoverished environment. Since prison can be characterized as an impoverished environment, we studied whether EF and self-regulation decline during imprisonment. While EF are already often impaired in antisocial and criminal populations, we found a decline in attention and self-regulation after three months of imprisonment. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding recidivism and propose to aim for an improvement in executive functions during imprisonment, by enriching the prison environment.