bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cumulative spatial impact layers: A novel multivariate spatio‐temporal analytical summarization tool
Authors: Romeo Lucy , Nelson Jake , Wingo Patrick , Bauer Jennifer , Justman Devin , Rose Kelly 
Published: July 2019

AbstractScientific inquiry often requires analysis of multiple spatio‐temporal datasets, ranging in type and size, using complex multi‐step processes demanding an understanding of GIS theory and software. Cumulative spatial impact layers (CSIL) is a GIS‐based tool that summarizes spatio‐temporal datasets based on overlapping features and attributes. Leveraging a recursive quadtree method, and applying multiple additive frameworks, the CSIL tool allows users to analyze raster and vector datasets by calculating data, record, or attribute density. Providing an efficient and robust method for summarizing disparate, multi‐format, multi‐source geospatial data, CSIL addresses the need for a new integration approach and resulting geospatial product. The built‐in flexibility of the CSIL tool allows users to answer a range of spatially driven questions. Example applications are provided in this article to illustrate the versatility and variety of uses for this CSIL tool and method. Use cases include addressing regulatory decision‐making needs, economic modeling, and resource management. Performance reviews for each use case are also presented, demonstrating how CSIL provides a more efficient and robust approach to assess a range of multivariate spatial data for a variety of uses.
Identification, classification, and interpretation of boninites from Anthropocene to Eoarchean using Si-Mg-Ti systematics
Authors: Pearce Julian A. , Reagan Mark K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBoninites are rare, high-Si, high-Mg, low-Ti lavas that have considerable tectonic significance, especially for recognizing and interpreting episodes of subduction initiation in the geologic record. Formal identification and classification of boninites may be carried out using MgO-SiO2 and MgO-TiO2 diagrams to find compositions that satisfy modified International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) criteria of Si8 > 52 and Ti8 < 0.5, where Si8 and Ti8 refer to concentrations of the oxides at 8 wt% MgO. However, screening of highly metasomatized rocks and accurate classification require precautions, including normalization to a 100% volatile-free basis. The MgO-SiO2 diagram can also be used for subdivision into low-Si boninites (Si8 < 57) and high-Si boninites (Si8 > 57). Satisfying one but not both of the boninite criteria are rocks with Si8 > 52 but Ti8 ≥ 0.5 (siliceous high-magnesium basalts) and rocks with Si8 ≤ 52 but Ti8 < 0.5 (low-Ti basalts). We tested the classification methodologies using ∼100 low-Ti lava suites dating from the present-day back to the Eoarchean. We conclude that, of those classifying as “boninite series,” Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc–type subduction initiation terranes provide the dominant setting only back as far as ca. 2 Ga, which marks the maximum age of extensive clinopyroxene-undersaturated melting and eruption of high-Si boninites. From 2 to 3 Ga, most boninites formed in intraplate settings by melting of refertilized, depleted cratonic roots. Prior to 3 Ga, hot, depleted mantle plumes provided the main boninite sources. Nonetheless, arc-basin boninites, though rare, do extend back to 3.8 Ga, and, together with the inherited subduction component in intracratonic boninites, they provide evidence for some form of subduction during the Archean.
Upper-plate deformation of Late Pleistocene marine terraces in the Trinidad, California, coastal area, southern Cascadia subduction zone
Authors: Padgett J. Scott , Kelsey Harvey M. , Lamphear David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Forming at sea level, uplifted shore platforms serve as long-term geodetic markers. The spatial distribution and elevation of marine terrace sequences offer insight into regional tectonics. In the Trinidad coastal area (California, USA), active tectonic processes reflect upper-plate deformation above the southern extent of the Cascadia subduction megathrust. A set of five uplifted and deformed Late Pleistocene marine terraces is preserved in the Trinidad region and provides an opportunity to analyze regional uplift, folding, and faulting. Using lidar imagery embedded within a GIS, we employ a surface classification model (SCM) that identifies uplifted marine terraces on the basis of their micro-topographical characteristics, i.e., low slope and low roughness. The SCM-based identification of marine terraces both supplements and verifies existing field mapping. We demonstrate the utility of the SCM, which can be applied to a variety of surface terrain analysis investigations that seek to identify smooth and/or rough terrain features, e.g., terraces and fault scarps. Age assignments for the five marine terraces, which range from 80 ka to <500 ka, are based on paleo–sea cliff geomorphology and soil development trends. Specifically, the steepest, highest, and most prominent paleo–sea cliff, which is associated with terrace number 3, is correlated to the long-duration sea-level highstand centered at 125 ka (marine isotope stage 5e), exemplifying a novel method in relative age assignment for Pleistocene geomorphic features. Based on these age assignments, the average maximum uplift rates in the Trinidad coastal area are ∼1.0 m/k.y., and the average long-term uplift rate diminishes westward to ∼0.4 – 0.5 m/k.y. on the downthrown side of the Trinidad fault. Based on analysis of deformation using the high-resolution lidar imagery of the marine terraces, the Trinidad hanging-wall anticline represents a fault propagation fold that ceased to be active when the associated reverse fault, the Trinidad fault, daylighted to the surface ca. 80–100 ka. Based on deformation tilts of a marine terrace with an assigned age of 200 ka, the Trinidad anticline has accommodated at least 1 km of shortening in the last 200 k.y., which represents at least 2% of the convergence of the Juan de Fuca plate relative to North America over the same time period. Overall, both the hanging wall and the footwall of the Trinidad fault show long-term positive rock uplift, which implies that the Trinidad anticline and fault are contained within the hanging wall of a deeper structure. Therefore, the Trinidad fault likely splays off of the Cascadia subduction zone megathrust or off of a deeper thrust fault that splays off of the megathrust.
What is the most important determinant of cardiometabolic risk in 60–65-year-old subjects: physical activity-related behaviours, overall energy expenditure or occupational status? A cross-sectional study in three populations with different employment status in Poland
Authors: Sołtysik Bartłomiej Konrad , Kostka Joanna , Karolczak Kamil , Watała Cezary , Kostka Tomasz 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine whether cardiovascular risk factors may differ according to occupational status and whether physical activity related to total energy expenditure (PA-EE) and related to health-related behaviours (PA-HRB) is associated with common cardiovascular risk factors or metabolic syndrome in pre-elderly subjects.MethodsThree hundred subjects aged 60–65 were recruited and divided into three equal groups of white-collar, blue-collar workers and unemployed subjects; 50% were women. The subjects were tested for major cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, anthropometric indices, blood pressure, lipid levels, glucose, uric acid and homocysteine. PA-EE and PA-HRB were assessed with PA questionnaires.ResultsBlue-collar workers displayed higher anthropometric indices, blood pressure and higher PA-EE in comparison with other two groups. PA-HRB had a positive impact on body mass indices, lipids, glucose, uric acid and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, with no such relationship observed for PA-EE.ConclusionsThe greatest cardiovascular risk was observed in the blue-collar workers group. Only PA-HRB had a positive association with cardiometabolic risk profile. No relationship was observed for PA-EE. Thus, promoting everyday life and leisure time PA behaviours is crucial for preventing cardiometabolic risk in pre-elderly subjects, even in blue-collar workers with high work-related EE.
Protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial of an educational programme for adults on chronic haemodialysis with fatigue (Fatigue-HD)
Authors: Farragher Janine F , Thomas Chandra , Ravani Pietro , Manns Braden , Elliott Meghan J , Hemmelgarn Brenda R 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionFatigue is a pervasive symptom of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that is associated with low quality of life, disability and mortality, and has been identified as a top research priority by patients. We developed a personalised, web-supported educational programme (the Personal Energy Planning (PEP) programme) to teach people with ESRD to use energy management to manage fatigue. Preliminary studies have demonstrated positive effects on fatigue and life participation (ie, the ability to participate in valued day-to-day activities), which justifies the need for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to better understand the efficacy of the programme. The objectives of the pilot RCT are to estimate RCT eligibility, recruitment and attrition rates, to inform the primary outcome measure and sample size for the RCT and to evaluate treatment fidelity among programme administrators.Methods and analysisA parallel-arm, 1:1 pilot RCT will be conducted at four in-centre haemodialysis units in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. People on haemodialysis who report moderate or severe fatigue on the Fatigue Severity Scale, and meet other study eligibility criteria, will be invited to participate. Consenting participants will be randomised to undergo the 7–9 week ‘PEP’ programme or an active control, and followed for 12 weeks after the programme concludes. Information on eligibility, recruitment and attrition rates will be collected, and questionnaires assessing fatigue and life participation will be administered preintervention, midintervention, immediately postintervention and 12 weeks postintervention. Analyses will include calculation of eligibility, recruitment and attrition rates; power considerations for the full-scale RCT and evaluation of treatment fidelity of programme administrators.Ethics and disseminationRisks associated with this study are minor. Patients may experience emotional discomfort while filling out study questionnaires. They will be advised to skip any questions that make them uncomfortable. Potential benefits of participating include any benefit derived from the study intervention, and contributing to research that may benefit people with kidney disease in the future. Trial results will be disseminated via publication in an academic journal and presentation at academic conferences. The study has been approved by the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Calgary (ID #18-1657).
Diurnal, weekly and seasonal variations of chest pain in patients transported by emergency medical services
Authors: Faramand Ziad , Frisch Stephanie O , Martin-Gill Christian , Landis Parker , Alrawashdeh Mohammad , Al-Robaidi Khaled A , Callaway Clifton W , Al-Zaiti Salah S 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesChest pain is among the leading causes for emergency medical services (EMS) activation. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is not only one of the most critical aetiologies of chest pain, but also one of few conditions encountered by EMS that has been shown to follow a circadian pattern. Understanding the diurnal relationship between the inflow of chest pain patients and the likelihood of acute MI may inform prehospital and emergency department (ED) healthcare providers regarding the prediction, and hence prevention, of dire outcomes.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of previously collected data from an observational prospective study that enrolled consecutive chest pain patients transported by a large metropolitan EMS system in the USA. We used the time of EMS call to determine the time-of-day of the indexed encounter. Two independent reviewers examined available medical data to determine our primary outcome, the presence of MI, and our secondary outcomes, infarct size and 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE). We estimated infarct size using peak troponin level.ResultsWe enrolled 2065 patients (age 56±17, 53% males, 7.5% with MI). Chest pain encounters increased from 9:00 AM to 2:00 PM, with a peak at 1:00 PM and a nadir at 6:00 AM. Acute MI had a bimodal distribution with two peaks: 10 AM in ST-elevation MI, and 10 PM in non-ST-elevation MI. ST-elevation MI with afternoon onset was an independent predictor of infarct size. Acute MI with winter and early spring presentation was an independent predictor of 30-day MACE.ConclusionsEMS-attended chest pain calls follow a diurnal pattern, with the most vulnerable patients encountered during afternoons and winter/spring seasons. These data can inform prehospital and ED healthcare providers regarding the time of presentation where patients are more likely to have an underlying MI and subsequently worse outcomes.
Determination of the best early warning scores to predict clinical outcomes of patients in the emergency department
Authors: Spencer William , Smith Jesse , Date Patrick , de Tonnerre Erik , Taylor David McDonald 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveEarly warning scores (EWS) are used to predict patient outcomes. We aimed to determine which of 13 EWS, based largely on emergency department (ED) vital sign data, best predict important clinical outcomes.MethodWe undertook a prospective cohort study in a metropolitan, tertiary-referral ED in Melbourne, Australia (February–April 2018). Patient demographics, vital signs and management data were collected while the patients were in the ED and EWS were calculated using each EWS criteria. Outcome data were extracted from the medical record (2-day, 7-day and 28-day inhospital mortality, clinical deterioration within 2 days, intensive care unit (ICU) admission within 2 days, admission to hospital). Area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC; 95% CIs) curves were used to evaluate the predictive ability of each EWS for each outcome.ResultsOf 1730 patients enrolled, 690 patients were admitted to the study hospital. Most EWS were good or excellent predictors of 2-day mortality. When considering the point estimates, the VitalPac EWS was the most strongly predictive (AUROC: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92 to 0.99). However, when considering the 95% CIs, there was no significant difference between the highest performing EWS. The predictive ability for 7-day and 28-day mortality was generally less. No EWS was a good predictor for clinical deterioration (AUROC range: 0.54–0.70), ICU admission (range: 0.51–0.72) or admission to hospital (range: 0.51–0.68).ConclusionSeveral EWS have excellent predictive ability for 2-day mortality and have the potential to risk stratify patients in ED. No EWS adequately predicted clinical deterioration, admission to either ICU or the hospital.
ZEB1 promotes inflammation and progression towards inflammation-driven carcinoma through repression of the DNA repair glycosylase MPG in epithelial cells
Authors: de Barrios Oriol , Sanchez-Moral Lidia , Cortés Marlies , Ninfali Chiara , Profitós-Pelejà Nuria , Martínez-Campanario MC , Siles Laura , del Campo Rosa , Fernández-Aceñero María Jesús , Darling Douglas S , Castells Antoni , Maurel Joan , Salas Azucena , Dean Douglas C , Postigo Antonio 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveChronic inflammation is a risk factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by the inflamed stroma elicit DNA damage in epithelial cells. We sought to identify new drivers of ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory CRC.DesignThe study uses samples from patients with UC, mouse models of colitis and CRC and mice deficient for the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition factor ZEB1 and the DNA repair glycosylase N-methyl-purine glycosylase (MPG). Samples were analysed by immunostaining, qRT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, microbiota next-generation sequencing and ROS determination.ResultsZEB1 was induced in the colonic epithelium of UC and of mouse models of colitis. Compared with wild-type counterparts,Zeb1-deficient mice were partially protected from experimental colitis and, in a model of inflammatory CRC, they developed fewer tumours and exhibited lower levels of DNA damage (8-oxo-dG) and higher expression of MPG. Knockdown of ZEB1 in CRC cells inhibited 8-oxo-dG induction by oxidative stress (H2O2) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)1β). ZEB1 bound directly to the MPG promoter whose expression inhibited. This molecular mechanism was validated at the genetic level and the crossing ofZeb1-deficient andMpg-deficient mice reverted the reduced inflammation and tumourigenesis in the former. ZEB1 expression in CRC cells induced ROS and IL1β production by macrophages that, in turn, lowered MPG in CRC cells thus amplifying a positive loop between both cells to promote DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair.ConclusionsZEB1 promotes colitis and inflammatory CRC through the inhibition of MPG in epithelial cells, thus offering new therapeutic strategies to modulate inflammation and inflammatory cancer.
Truncating mutations in exons 20 and 21 ofOFD1can cause primary ciliary dyskinesia without associated syndromic symptoms
Authors: Bukowy-Bieryllo Zuzanna , Rabiasz Alicja , Dabrowski Maciej , Pogorzelski Andrzej , Wojda Alina , Dmenska Hanna , Grzela Katarzyna , Sroczynski Jakub , Witt Michal , Zietkiewicz Ewa 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a motile ciliopathy, whose symptoms include airway infections, male infertility andsitus inversus. Apart from the typical forms of PCD, rare syndromic PCD forms exist. Mutations of the X-linkedOFD1gene cause several syndromic ciliopathies, including oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1, Joubert syndrome type 10 (JBTS10), and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 2, the latter causing the X-linked syndromic form of PCD. Neurological and skeletal symptoms are characteristic for these syndromes, with their severity depending on the location of the mutation within the gene.ObjectivesTo elucidate the role of motile cilia defects in the respiratory phenotype of PCD patients with C-terminal OFD1 mutations.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing in a group of 120 Polish PCD patients, mutation screening of theOFD1coding sequence, analysis of motile cilia, and magnetic resonance brain imaging.ResultsFour novel hemizygousOFD1mutations, in exons 20 and 21, were found in men with a typical PCD presentation but without severe neurological, skeletal or renal symptoms characteristic for otherOFD1-related syndromes. Magnetic resonance brain imaging in two patients did not show a molar tooth sign typical for JBTS10. Cilia in the respiratory epithelium were sparse, unusually long and displayed a defective motility pattern.ConclusionConsistent with the literature, truncations of the C-terminal part ofOFD1(exons 16–22) almost invariably cause a respiratory phenotype (due to motile cilia defects) while their impact on the primary cilia function is limited. We suggest that exons 20–21 should be included in the panel for regular mutation screening in PCD.
Numerical simulation and experiment of droplet formation in circular cross-section micro-channels
Authors: Wang Hongcheng , Tang Chengxin , Zhao Miaomiao , Wu Liqun , Yu Baohua 
Published: July 2019

In recent decades, microfluidics in biological applications have experienced significant growth due to their advantages of small volume, low cost, short reaction time and high throughput. Almost all cross-section shapes of micro-channels in microfluidic chips are rectangular or triangular by the existing chip fabricating technologies, including hot embossing, lithography, etching and injection molding, etc. However, compared with the above micro-channel shapes, the circular one has the advantages in aspects of fluid flow, droplet generating, heat transfer and its replication for blood vessels. This paper presents a T-junction droplet microfluidic chip with circular cross-section micro-channels. The effect of micro-channel wettability, interfacial tension, velocity and flow rate of continuous phase on droplet size are simulated and mechanism of droplets generating process is explored. Comparing with continuous phase viscosity and interfacial tension, flow rate plays a decisive role in determining the droplet size which is in the range of 100–350 [Formula: see text]m according to the simulation result. The Capillary number is affected by the above three parameters and an estimating numerical method for generated droplet size was proposed according to the above simulation results and calculated by Capillary number. The droplets, the sizes of which were in the range of 20–400 [Formula: see text]m, were produced by varying the parameters of water and oil flow rates in the designed T-junction droplet microfluidic chip with circular cross-section micro-channels.
Synthesis and Research of rare earth-doped color tunable Sr3Gd(PO4)3 phosphors
Authors: Liang Boxin , Yi Shuangping , Hu Gengqiao , Fang Zhixiong , Hu Zhengfa 
Published: July 2019

Rare earth-doped Sr3Gd(PO4)3 and emission color tunable phosphors Ce[Formula: see text]/Sm[Formula: see text] co-doped Sr3Gd(PO4)3 have been synthesized by a traditional solid-state method. These phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM, diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), photoluminescence spectra and lifetime measurements. The quenching concentration of Ce[Formula: see text] ions in Sr3Gd(PO4)3 was about 9 mol.%. An effective energy transfer (ET) from Ce[Formula: see text] ions to Sm[Formula: see text] ions in Sr3Gd(PO4)3 was speculated by the overlapped spectrum for the emission peak of Ce[Formula: see text] and the excitation peak of Sm[Formula: see text] ions. It is demonstrated that the ET mechanism is resonant through the dipole–dipole interaction and the critical distance between Ce[Formula: see text] and Sm[Formula: see text] in Sr3Gd(PO[Formula: see text] is calculated to 15.22 Å. Moreover, Sr3Gd[Formula: see text](PO4)3:0.09Ce[Formula: see text], xSm[Formula: see text] can be adjusted systematically by generating blue light to white light in the CIE diagram which coincide with the ET process of Ce[Formula: see text] ions to Sm[Formula: see text] ions. The Sr3Gd[Formula: see text](PO4)3:0.09Ce[Formula: see text], 0.01Sm[Formula: see text] phosphor also perform at a good thermal stability. All of these experimental results in this work can be served as a potential multicolor tunable phosphor for ultraviolet pumped white light appliance.
Connecting Students with Patients and Survivors to Enhance Cancer Research Training
Authors: Riter Robert N. , Weiss Robert S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe professional training of cancer researchers in the basic sciences rarely involves interactions with patients. To provide nascent cancer scientists with an appreciation for and experience in interacting with the people most vested in their work, we created a program at Cornell University in which cancer researchers in training engage with the local patient community. Through this program, trainees gain a broader understanding of cancer, beyond the fundamental biology, and learn to effectively communicate scientific information to the public. We find that trainees and community members both benefit from interacting with one another and learning together about cancer using a common language.