bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the generalization of computer aided detection (CADe) models for colonoscopy
Authors: Shor Joel , McNeil Carson , Intrator Yotam , Ledsam Joseph R. , Yamano Hiro-o , Tsurumaru Daisuke , Kayama Hiroki , Hamabe Atsushi , Ando Koji , Ota Mitsuhiko , Ogino Haruei , Nakase Hiroshi , Kobayashi Kaho , Miyo Masaaki , Oki Eiji , Takemasa Ichiro , Rivlin Ehud , Goldenberg Roman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGeneralizability of AI colonoscopy algorithms is important for wider adoption in clinical practice. However, current techniques for evaluating performance on unseen data require expensive and time-intensive labels. We show that a "Masked Siamese Network" (MSN), trained to predict masked out regions of polyp images without labels, can predict the performance of Computer Aided Detection (CADe) of polyps on colonoscopies, without labels. This holds on Japanese colonoscopies even when MSN is only trained on Israeli colonoscopies, which differ in scoping hardware, endoscope software, screening guidelines, bowel preparation, patient demographics, and the use of techniques such as narrow-band imaging (NBI) and chromoendoscopy (CE). Since our technique uses neither colonoscopy-specific information nor labels, it has the potential to apply to more medical imaging domains.
Development of the Nurse Competency Assessment Scale in Disaster Management and Psychometric Testing
Authors: Yildiz Keskin Ayşe , Alan Handan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop the Nurse Competency Assessment Scale in Disaster Management (NCASDM) and to conduct psychometric evaluation.

Methods
It is a scale development study. Research data were collected between January and May 2023. In the sample of the study, as stated in the literature, it was aimed to reach at least 10 times the number of draft scale items (n = 600). The psychometric properties of the scale were tested with 697 nurses working in four different hospitals. A three-stage structure was used in the analysis of data: (1) creating the item pool, (2) preliminary evaluation of items, (3) refining of the scale and evaluation of psychometric properties. The content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and temporal stability of the scale were evaluated according to the scale development guidelines.

Results
The scale items were obtained from online, semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews conducted with nurses who experienced disasters or worked in disasters. The content validity index of the scale was found to be 0.95. According to the exploratory factor analysis, it was found that the scale consisted of 43 items and two subscales, and the subscales explained 79.094% of the total variance. The compliance indices obtained as a result of confirmatory factor analysis were acceptable and at good levels.

Conclusions
The NCASDM was found to be a psychometrically valid and reliable measurement tool. It can be used to evaluate the competency of nurses related to disaster management.
Decidability of the isomorphism problem between multidimensional substitutive subshifts
Authors: CABEZAS CHRISTOPHER , LEROY JULIEN 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An important question in dynamical systems is the classification problem, that is, the ability to distinguish between two isomorphic systems. In this work, we study the topological factors between a family of multidimensional substitutive subshifts generated by morphisms with uniform support. We prove that it is decidable to check whether two minimal aperiodic substitutive subshifts are isomorphic. The strategy followed in this work consists of giving a complete description of the factor maps between these subshifts. Then, we deduce some interesting consequences on coalescence, automorphism groups, and the number of aperiodic symbolic factors of substitutive subshifts. We also prove other combinatorial results on these substitutions, such as the decidability of defining a subshift, the computability of the constant of recognizability, and the conjugacy between substitutions with different supports.
Extensions of tautological rings and motivic structures in the cohomology of
${\overline {\mathcal {M}}}_{g,n}$
Authors: Canning Samir , Larson Hannah , Payne Sam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study collections of subrings of

$H^*({\overline {\mathcal {M}}}_{g,n})$

that are closed under the tautological operations that map cohomology classes on moduli spaces of smaller dimension to those on moduli spaces of larger dimension and contain the tautological subrings. Such extensions of tautological rings are well-suited for inductive arguments and flexible enough for a wide range of applications. In particular, we confirm predictions of Chenevier and Lannes for the

$\ell $

-adic Galois representations and Hodge structures that appear in

$H^k({\overline {\mathcal {M}}}_{g,n})$

for

$k = 13$

,

$14$

and

$15$

. We also show that

$H^4({\overline {\mathcal {M}}}_{g,n})$

is generated by tautological classes for all g and n, confirming a prediction of Arbarello and Cornalba from the 1990s. In order to establish the final base cases needed for the inductive proofs of our main results, we use Mukai’s construction of canonically embedded pentagonal curves of genus 7 as linear sections of an orthogonal Grassmannian and a decomposition of the diagonal to show that the pure weight cohomology of

${\mathcal {M}}_{7,n}$

is generated by algebraic cycle classes, for

$n \leq 3$

.
Adaptive crisis management at the operational level: Responses to COVID-19 in the Australian resources sector
Authors: Ajith Michael M. , Lux Andrei A. , Bentley Tim , Striepe Michelle 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 significantly impacted Australia’s resources sector, particularly mining, oil, and gas industries, posing challenges for operational leaders. This study applied Adaptive Crisis Management Theory (ACMT) to understand how these leaders adapted during the crisis. Through interviews with 32 operational leaders, it was found that their roles evolved as crisis demands changed. Initially, they addressed immediate needs, then shifted focus to remote work facilitation and digital transformation, and finally emphasised recovery, trust, and resilience. These adaptations influenced leaders’ behaviours, highlighting the importance of flexibility in supporting employee wellbeing and organisational continuity during crises.
A randomised study and an extension study of brexpiprazole in patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Rothman Brian , Brewer Claudette , Chang Denise , Hobart Mary , Hefting Nanco , McQuade Robert D. , Grant Jon E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
No drugs are currently approved for the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD). These studies (a randomised study and its open-label extension) aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of brexpiprazole for the treatment of BPD.

Methods:
The Phase 2, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study enrolled adult outpatients with BPD. After a 1-week placebo run-in, patients were randomised 1:1 to brexpiprazole 2–3 mg/day (flexible dose) or placebo for 11 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in Zanarini Rating Scale for BPD total score from randomisation (Week 1) to Week 10 (timing of randomisation and endpoint blinded to investigators and patients). The Phase 2/3, multicentre, open-label extension study enrolled patients who completed the randomised study; all patients received brexpiprazole 2–3 mg/day (flexible dose) for 12 weeks. Safety assessments included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Results:
Brexpiprazole was not statistically significantly different from placebo on the primary endpoint of the randomised study (N = 324 randomised; N = 110 analysed per treatment group; least squares mean difference −1.02; 95% confidence limits −2.75, 0.70; p = 0.24). Numerical efficacy advantages for brexpiprazole were observed at other time points. The most common TEAE in the randomised study was akathisia (brexpiprazole, 14.0%; placebo, 1.2%); data from the open-label study (N = 199 analysed) suggested that TEAEs were transient.

Conclusion:
The primary endpoint of the randomised study was not met. Further research on brexpiprazole in BPD is warranted based on possible efficacy signals at other time points and its safety profile.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT04100096, NCT04186403. Funding: Otsuka, Lundbeck.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Mylonchulus laocaiensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mylonchulidae) from Vietnam
Authors: Vu T.T.T. , Le T.M.L. , Peneva V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mylonchulus laocaiensis sp. n. recorded from Vietnam, is described and illustrated, and its phylogenetic relationship within the Mylonchulidae family and Mononchida order are analysed. The new species is characterized by medium body size (L = 1.0–1.5 mm); buccal cavity goblet shaped, 26–29 × 14–16.5 μm or 1.8 (1.7–1.9) times as long as wide; posterior position of dorsal tooth apex (79%–88% from the base of buccal cavity); a small subventral tooth present on subventral wall; pars refringens vaginae with faint and small (2.5 × 1.7 μm) teardrop-shaped pieces, short pars distalis vaginae; male with short spicules (54–57 μm) with rounded head. The molecular data (18S and 28S rDNA) are provided for the new species.
The potential role of the Mediterranean diet for the treatment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a review of the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical evidence
Authors: Scannell Nicole , Villani Anthony , Moran Lisa , Mantzioris Evangeline 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder amongst reproductive-aged women associated with cardiometabolic, reproductive and psychological abnormalities. Lifestyle modification, including a healthy diet, is considered first-line treatment for management of clinical symptoms. However, there is limited high-quality evidence to support one superior therapeutic dietary intervention for PCOS management that is beyond general population-based dietary guidelines. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been shown to decrease cardiometabolic disease risk and attenuate depressive symptoms, particularly in patients with metabolic perturbations. This narrative review summarises the proposed biological mechanisms underpinning the potential therapeutic benefits of a MedDiet for the management of cardiometabolic, reproductive and psychological features related to PCOS. Observational evidence suggests an inverse relationship between MedDiet adherence and PCOS features, particularly insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia. Although the exact mechanisms are complex and multifaceted, they are likely related to the anti-inflammatory potential of the dietary pattern. These mechanisms are underpinned by anti-inflammatory bioactive constituents present in the MedDiet, including carotenoids, polyphenols and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Synthesis of the available literature suggests the MedDiet could be a promising therapeutic dietary intervention to attenuate short and long-term symptoms associated with PCOS and may aid in reducing the longer-term risks associated with cardiometabolic diseases and reproductive and psychological dysfunction. Nevertheless, current evidence remains insufficient to inform clinical practice and well-designed clinical trials are needed. As such, we provide recommendations for the design and delivery of future MedDiet interventions in women with PCOS, including exploring the acceptability, and feasibility to enhance adherence.
Values and facts and fancies
Authors: Clark Stephen R.L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An examination of the apparent gap – familiar in many branches of philosophy – between ‘the facts’ and ‘values’, focusing especially on Sam Gamgee’s perception of ‘Earendil’s Star’ and the real nature of ‘the planet Venus’: Is it possible to trust in the awe and admiration we may feel towards ‘the heavens’ in the light of current astronomical theory about the wider world? How can humane values, including love of beauty, survive in an inhumanly indifferent world? Can obvious fictions have more than allegorical significance? Must we rely on fictions to survive as humane creatures, or may those seeming fictions, and our initial emotional response, provide true guidance to the way things are, and how we might be?
Beach and Backward Bragg Sea‐Swell Wave Reflection Across Rocky and Sandy Shores
Authors: Collins Patrick , MacMahan Jamie , Thornton Edward , Benbow Charlotte , Jessen Paul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn observational study comparing beach reflection characteristics for sea‐swell waves along six rocky and three sandy shores, spanning from Monterey to Santa Cruz, CA, shed light on the previously unknown wave reflection along rocky shores. Wave reflection is derived from directional spectra acquired via several surface GPS‐based wave buoys. Owing to the Lagrangian nature of the buoy, they were validated against Eulerian beam velocities from a bottom‐mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler, providing a spatial array for more degrees of freedom in resolving wave direction and now including adjustment for instrument tilt. Reflection varies across shoreline types: sandy shores (20%), rough, rocky shores (10%), rocky shores with cliffs (15%), and rocky platforms with cliffs (30%). Contrary to expectations, rocky shores exhibit minimal reflection. Existing reflection estimators developed for sandy shores are found inadequate for rocky shores , necessitating a new estimator considering beach slope, wave steepness, and shoreline rugosity . Beach reflection is limited by the dissipation of incident waves due to bottom friction and depth‐limited wave breaking as well as by the reduction in reflected waves caused by wave trapping. Observed reflection increased offshore on all beaches attributed to sea‐swell waves' resonant interaction with the rough rocky bottom, causing backward Bragg scattering. The Bragg scattering was less on larger‐sloped bottoms, attributed to larger slopes hindering effective wave‐bottom interactions.
Assessing Potential Groundwater Storage Capacity for Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Transitioning Post‐Subsidence Metropolitan Area
Authors: Lin Shao‐Hung , Hu Jyr‐Ching , Wang Shih‐Jung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMany major cities worldwide have inevitably experienced excessive groundwater pumping due to growing demands for freshwater in urban development. To mitigate land subsidence problems during urbanization, various regulations have been adopted to control groundwater usage. This study examines the transition in the post‐subsidence stage, especially in metropolitan areas, to adaptively adjust subsidence prevention strategies for effective groundwater management. Taking the Taipei Basin as an example, historical data reveals significant subsidence of more than 2 m during early urban development, with subsidence hazards largely mitigated over decades. However, the rising groundwater level poses a risk to the stability of engineering excavations. In this study, 29 X‐band Cosmo‐Skymed constellation (CSK) images were utilized with the Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR/PSI) technique to monitor surface displacements during the construction of the Mass Rapid Transit system. Correlating groundwater levels helps identify the heterogeneous hydrogeological environment, and the potential groundwater capacity is assessed. PSI time‐series reveal that approximately 2 cm of recoverable land displacements correspond to groundwater fluctuations in the confined aquifer, indicative of the typically elastic behavior of the resilient aquifer system. The estimated groundwater storage variation is about 1.6 million cubic meters, suggesting this potential groundwater capacity could provide available water resources with proper management. Additionally, engineering excavation safety can be ensured with lowered groundwater levels. This study emphasizes the need to balance groundwater resource use with urban development by adjusting subsidence prevention and control strategies to achieve sustainable water management in the post‐subsidence stage.
Equatorial Source of Oblique Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves: Peculiarities in the Ion Distribution Function
Authors: Tonoian David S. , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Artemyev Anton , An Xin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are important for Earth's inner magnetosphere as they can effectively drive relativistic electron losses to the atmosphere and energetic (ring current) ion scattering and isotropization. EMIC waves are generated by transversely anisotropic ion populations around the equatorial source region, and for typical magnetospheric conditions this almost always produces field‐aligned waves. For many specific occasions, however, oblique EMIC waves are observed, and such obliquity has been commonly attributed to the wave off‐equatorial propagation in curved dipole magnetic fields. In this study, we report that very oblique EMIC waves can be directly generated at the equatorial source region. Using THEMIS spacecraft observations at the dawn flank, we show that such oblique wave generation is possible in the presence of a field‐aligned thermal ion population, likely of ionospheric origin, which can reduce Landau damping of oblique EMIC waves and cyclotron generation of field‐aligned waves. This generation mechanism underlines the importance of magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling processes in controlling wave characteristics in the inner magnetosphere.
Modeling the Emission of Energetic Neutral Atoms in Titan's Dynamic Magnetospheric Environment
Authors: Tippens Tyler , Simon Sven , Roussos Elias 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo provide context for Cassini observations of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) generated by charge exchange between Titan's atmosphere and energetic magnetospheric ions, we compute synthetic ENA images for a variety of uniform and draped electromagnetic field configurations, flyby scenarios, and viewing geometries. Starting with the idealized case of the magnetospheric field near Titan pointing southward, we calculate the observable ENA emission morphology for a large set of detector locations, each mimicking the properties of Cassini's Ion and Neutral Camera. Regardless of whether the electromagnetic fields near Titan are treated as uniform or draped, ENA production occurs within a thin shell of radial thickness 85 km, located directly above the moon's exobase. The observable ENA morphology is largely controlled by the angle between the detector's boresight vector and Saturn's magnetospheric field. Both the radius and the sense of energetic ion gyration carve distinct gaps in the ENA emission pattern. Field line draping around Titan leaves a discernible imprint in the ENA emissions only for a narrow range of viewing geometries. We also apply the model to study the ENA images taken during the T20 and T24 flybys. During both encounters, the ambient magnetospheric field displayed frequent transitions between Saturn's northern and southern magnetodisk lobes. We show that the notion of a steady‐state interaction between Titan and an averaged magnetospheric background field is not suitable to explain the observed ENA morphology. Instead, ambient field variations measured more than 1 hr before ENA image acquisition still leave an imprint in the emission pattern.
Central obesity may account for most of the colorectal cancer risk linked to obesity: evidence from the UK Biobank prospective cohort
Authors: Safizadeh Fatemeh , Mandic Marko , Schöttker Ben , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
General obesity commonly represented by body mass index (BMI) is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unclear to what extent this association is accounted for by central obesity. We aimed to evaluate the associations between BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) with CRC risk and to investigate if and to what extent these associations are independent from each other.

Methods
Data from more than 500,000 male and female participants aged 40–69, recruited in the UK Biobank study between 2006 and 2010, were analyzed. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were fitted and hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results
During a median follow-up of 12.5 years, of 460,784 participants, 5,977 developed CRC. Multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CIs) per standard deviation increase of BMI, WHR, and WC were 1.10 (1.07–1.13), 1.18 (1.14–1.22), and 1.14 (1.11–1.18), respectively. After mutual adjustment, the association with CRC was substantially attenuated for BMI (1.04 (1.01–1.07)), and remained substantially stronger for WHR (1.15 (1.11–1.20)). Furthermore, WHR showed strong, statistically significant associations with CRC risk within all BMI categories, whereas associations of BMI with CRC risk were weak and not statistically significant within WHR categories. BMI was also not associated with CRC risk in women and with rectal cancer after mutual adjustment. Conversely, WHR was strongly associated with CRC risk in both sexes and with both colon and rectal cancer risk before and after adjustment for BMI. BMI and WC could not be mutually adjusted for due to their high correlation.

Conclusion
Central obesity is a much stronger predictor of CRC and may account for most of the CRC risk linked to obesity. Our findings also emphasize the need for incorporating measures such as WHR alongside BMI in clinical practice to improve obesity prevention and management.
Induction of territorial dominance and subordination behaviors in laboratory mice
Authors: Battivelli Dorian , Boldrini Lucas , Jaiswal Mohit , Patil Pradnya , Torchia Sofia , Engelen Elizabeth , Spagnoletti Luca , Kaspar Sarah , Gross Cornelius T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTerritorial behaviors comprise a set of coordinated actions and response patterns found across animal species that promote the exclusive access to resources. House mice are highly territorial with a subset of males consistently attacking and chasing competing males to expel them from their territories and performing urine marking behaviors to signal the extent of their territories. Natural variation in territorial behaviors within a mouse colony leads to the formation of dominance hierarchies in which subordinate males can reside within the territory of a dominant male. While the full repertoire of such territorial behaviors and hierarchies has been extensively studied in wild-derived mice in semi-natural enclosures, so far they have not been established in the smaller enclosures and with the genetically-defined laboratory strains required for the application of neural recording and manipulation methods. Here, we present a protocol to rapidly induce an extensive repertoire of territorial behaviors in pairs of laboratory mice in an enclosure compatible with tethered neurocircuit techniques, including a method for the simultaneous tracking of urine marking behavior in mouse pairs. Using this protocol we describe the emergence of robust dominant-subordinate hierarchies between pairs of CD1 outbred or CD1xB6 F1 hybrid mice, but unexpectedly not in C57BL/6 inbred animals. Our behavioral paradigm opens the door for neurocircuit studies of territorial behaviors and social hierarchy in the laboratory.