bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new surrogate modeling method combining polynomial chaos expansion and Gaussian kernel in a sparse Bayesian learning framework
Authors: Zhou Yicheng , Lu Zhenzhou , Cheng Kai 
Published: June 2019

SummarySurrogate modeling techniques have been increasingly developed for optimization and uncertainty quantification problems in many engineering fields. The development of surrogates requires modeling high‐dimensional and nonsmooth functions with limited information. To this end, the hybrid surrogate modeling method, where different surrogate models are combined, offers an effective solution. In this paper, a new hybrid modeling technique is proposed by combining polynomial chaos expansion and kernel function in a sparse Bayesian learning framework. The proposed hybrid model possesses both the global characteristic advantage of polynomial chaos expansion and the local characteristic advantage of the Gaussian kernel. The parameterized priors are utilized to encourage the sparsity of the model. Moreover, an optimization algorithm aiming at maximizing Bayesian evidence is proposed for parameter optimization. To assess the performance of the proposed method, a detailed comparison is made with the well‐established PC‐Kriging technique. The results show that the proposed method is superior in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Deliberative participatory budgeting: A case study of Zeguo Town in China
Authors: He Baogang 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe search for a better practice instrument of civic engagement has led to participatory budgeting and deliberative polling in recent years. Participatory budgeting stresses empowerment and citizens' struggle against the establishment and unequal social structures, whereas deliberative polling works within the system and focuses on improving democratic decision‐making processes by applying credible social science methods. Often, these two processes are presented as being in conflict with each other, which is to the detriment of the search for best practice in deliberative governance. This paper develops a theoretical analysis of deliberative participatory budgeting which is distinguished from unrepresentative and non‐deliberative but self‐selected participatory budgeting; that is, it considers how the quality of participatory budgeting can be improved through deliberative polling. This theoretical analysis is backed by an empirical study of deliberative participatory budgeting in Zeguo Township, Zhejiang Province, China. It explores whether, how, and under what conditions it is possible to combine deliberative polling and participatory budgeting. It details four experiments and assesses the successes, failures, limitations, and problems of the experiments. The case of Zeguo offers scholars, activists, and officials lessons about how to pursue best deliberative practice in both authoritarian states and democratic societies.
Episodic viral wheeze and multiple‐trigger wheeze in preschool children are neither distinct nor constant patterns. A prospective multicenter cohort study in secondary care
Authors: Raaymakers Maud J. A. , Brand Paul L. P. , Landstra Anneke M. , Brouwer Marianne L. , Balemans Walter A. F. , Niers Laetitia E. M. , Merkus Peter J. F. M. , Boehmer Annemie L. M. , Kluytmans Jan A. J. W. , de Jongste Johan C. , Pijnenburg Marielle W. H. , Vaessen‐Verberne Anja A. P. H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate whether episodic viral wheeze (EVW) and multiple‐trigger wheeze (MTW) are clinically distinguishable and stable preschool wheezing phenotypes.MethodsChildren of age 1 to 4 year with recurrent, pediatrician‐confirmed wheeze were recruited from secondary care; 189 were included. Respiratory and viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms were recorded weekly by parents in an electronic diary during 12 months. Every 3 months, diary‐based symptoms were classified as EVW or MTW and compared to phenotypes assigned by pediatricians based on clinical history. We collected nasal samples for respiratory virus PCR during URTI, respiratory symptoms and in absence of symptoms.ResultsOf 660 3‐month periods, the diary‐based phenotype was EVW in 11%, MTW in 54% and 35% were free from respiratory episodes. Pediatrician‐based classification showed 59% EVW and 26% MTW. The Kappa measure of agreement between diary‐based and pediatrician‐assigned phenotypes was very low (0.12, 95%CI, 0.07‐0.17). Phenotypic instability was observed in 32% of cases. PCR was positive in 71% during URTI symptoms, 66% during respiratory symptoms and 38% in the absence of symptoms.ConclusionThis study shows that EVW and MTW are variable over time within patients. Pediatrician classification of these phenotypes based on clinical history does not correspond to prospectively recorded symptom patterns. The applicability of these phenotypes as a basis for therapeutic decisions and prognosis should be questioned.
E‐cadherin is downregulated in benign prostatic hyperplasia and required for tight junction formation and permeability barrier in the prostatic epithelial cell monolayer
Authors: Li Feng , Pascal Laura E. , Stolz Donna B. , Wang Ke , Zhou Yibin , Chen Wei , Xu Yadong , Chen Yule , Dhir Rajiv , Parwani Anil V. , Nelson Joel B. , DeFranco Donald B. , Yoshimura Naoki , Balasubramani Goundappa K. , Gingrich Jeffrey R. , Maranchie Jodi K. , Jacobs Bruce L. , Davies Benjamin J. , Hrebinko Ronald L. , Bigley Joel D. , McBride Dawn , Guo Peng , He Dalin , Wang Zhou 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe previously reported the presence of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in the stromal compartment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Since PSA is expressed exclusively by prostatic luminal epithelial cells, PSA in the BPH stroma suggests increased tissue permeability and the compromise of epithelial barrier integrity. E‐cadherin, an important adherens junction component and tight junction regulator, is known to exhibit downregulation in BPH. These observations suggest that the prostate epithelial barrier is disrupted in BPH and E‐cadherin downregulation may increase epithelial barrier permeability.MethodsThe ultra‐structure of cellular junctions in BPH specimens was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and E‐cadherin immunostaining analysis was performed on BPH and normal adjacent specimens from BPH patients. In vitro cell line studies using benign prostatic epithelial cell lines were performed to determine the impact of small interfering RNA knockdown of E‐cadherin on transepithelial electrical resistance and diffusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐dextran in transwell assays.ResultsThe number of kiss points in tight junctions was reduced in BPH epithelial cells as compared with the normal adjacent prostate. Immunostaining confirmed E‐cadherin downregulation and revealed a discontinuous E‐cadherin staining pattern in BPH specimens. E‐cadherin knockdown increased monolayer permeability and disrupted tight junction formation without affecting cell density.ConclusionsOur results indicate that tight junctions are compromised in BPH and loss of E‐cadherin is potentially an important underlying mechanism, suggesting targeting E‐cadherin loss could be a potential approach to prevent or treat BPH.
Triptonide acts as a novel antiprostate cancer agent mainly through inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Dong Fulu , Yang Ping , Wang Rui , Sun Wenxing , Zhang Yonghui , Wang Aiting , Chen Miaomiao , Chen Lu , Zhang Chong , Jiang Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) indicates an urgent need for the development of new effective drugs in PCa therapy. Triptonide has been reported to have a strong inhibition activity in cancers through screening of Chinese herbal medicine. This study aims to investigate the effects of triptonide on anti‐PCa activity and its mechanisms.MethodsThree human advanced PCa cell lines PC3, DU145, and LNCap, and a human normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE were treated with a range (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 nM) of triptonide concentrations for 72 hours respectively. Then, cell viability was assessed by cell counting kit‐8. PCa cells were treated with different doses (0‐20 nM) of triptonide for 72 hours. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry assays. Nude mice bearing human PCa xenografts were intraperitoneally injected daily with either triptonide (10 mg/kg/d) or phosphate‐buffered saline as a control for 35 days. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed by an Illumina Hiseq Sequencing platform and confirmed by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and ingenuity pathway analysis were used to analyze RNA‐seq results.ResultsTriptonide effectively inhibits the proliferation of human PCa cells PC3, DU145, and LNCap in vitro with their IC50 values as 11.961, 10.259, and 12.012 nM, respectively. Triptonide (10 mg/kg) potently inhibits the growth of PCa cell xenografts in vivo at an inhibition rate of over 97.95%. Treatment with triptonide (5 nM) significantly promotes cell apoptosis and retaining cell‐cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. RNA‐seq data revealed that total of 936 genes were upregulated or downregulated in triptonide treated. Moreover, the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the downstream protein p70S6K were both inhibited, most obviously in PCa cells.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that triptonide can efficaciously suppress PCa growth in vitro and in vivo via inhibiting the phosphorylation of mTOR and the activities of related downstream signaling pathways.
The metastasis suppressor CD82/KAI1 represses the TGF‐β1 and Wnt signalings inducing epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition linked to invasiveness of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Lee Moon‐Sung , Lee Jaeseob , Kim Young‐Myeong , Lee Hansoo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. Since the transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) and Wnt signals induce EMT in various epithelial cell types, we examined whether and how the CD82/KAI1 metastasis suppressor affects the TGF‐β and Wnt signal‐dependent EMT in human prostate cancer cells.MethodsThe invasiveness of cancer cells was evaluated by examining their ability to pass through the basement membrane matrigel. The subcellular localizations of Smad4 and β‐catenin proteins were respectively examined by confocal microscopy following immunofluorescence antibody staining and immunoblotting analysis following subcellular fractionation. The transcriptional activities of the TGF‐β1‐responsive TRE and Wnt‐responsive Tcf/Lef promoters were determined by a luciferase reporter assay following transfection of the recombinant reporter vector into the cell.ResultsTGF‐β1 and Wnt3a treatments of human prostate cancer cells without CD82 expression resulted in not only increased invasiveness but also EMT involving the development of motile structures, downregulation of E‐cadherin, and upregulation of the mesenchymal proteins. However, in the cells with high levels of CD82, the TGF‐β1 and Wnt3a stimulations neither elevated invasiveness nor induced EMT. Furthermore, the TGF‐β1 signaling events occurring in the CD82‐deficient cells, such as phosphorylation of Smad2, nuclear translocation of Smad4, and transactivation of the TRE promoter, did not take place in the high CD82‐expressing cells. Further, high CD82 expression interfered with the Wnt signal‐dependent alterations in the phosphorylation pattern of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‐3β) in prostate cancer cells, which allowed GSK‐3β to continue phosphorylating β‐catenin, thereby attenuating the Wnt signaling effects on the nuclear translocation of β‐catenin and subsequent transactivation of the Tcf/Lef promoter.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that CD82/KAI1 functions in suppressing TGF‐β1‐ and Wnt‐induced EMT in prostate cancer cells by inhibiting the TGF‐β1/Smad and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways. Therefore, loss or decrease of CD82 expression is likely to render prostate cancer cells prone to respond to the TGF‐β1 and Wnt signals with EMT, resulting in the development of a motile and invasive mesenchymal phenotype related to the initiation of the metastatic cascade.
Binder‐free carbon‐coated nanocotton transition metal oxides integrated anodes by laser surface ablation for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Liang Peng , Zhang Hongjun , Pan Boyu , Su Yibo , Wang Chang‐An , Zhong Minlin 
Published: June 2019

In this paper, an efficient laser surface ablation strategy for producing binder‐free carbon‐coated nanocotton CoO‐Co integrated anode is reported. The fabrication process introduces in‐situ growing nanocotton‐like CoO on the surface of Co foil via ablating with a nanosecond laser. After that, coated with dopamine as carbon source, the CoO‐Co composite foil is heated in Argon atmosphere to form a CoO@C‐Co foil as an anode of LIB. The laser surface ablation exhibits high fabrication speed (~10 minutes) and significantly reduces the processing time. The obtained binder‐free CoO@C‐Co integrated anode shows a unique cotton‐like villous structure with large specific surface area and an active material/current collector integrated architecture, which provides a stabilized rapid electronic conduction path. When tested as an anode for LIBs, the CoO@C‐Co integrated anode possesses superior performance: First discharge capacity of 1301.5 mAh g−1 is achieved at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. Also at a high current density of 1.5 A g−1, the second discharge capacity of 791.7 mAh g−1 is achieved. After 800 cycles, reversible capacities of 799.8 mAh g−1 can still be achieved with an average coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. In addition, this strategy is suitable for the production of other carbon coated transition metal oxides integrated anodes, such as NiO@C‐Ni, Fe2O3/Fe3O4@C‐Fe, and CuO/Cu2O@C‐Cu integrated anodes.
Manganese‐Coordinated Tyrosine Bio Materials for the Sensing of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Jena Nihar Ranjan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDesign of biosensor materials for the recognition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside living cells is necessary for the early diagnosis of cancer and other diseases induced by ROS. Here, the B3LYP−D3 dispersion‐corrected and Mo6 hybrid density functional theoretical methods and a polarized continuum model to account for the aqueous medium are used to propose models of manganese (Mn+2)‐coordinated tyrosine (Tyr) nano rods and porous bio materials to detect various ROS, such as .OH, .OOH, H2O2, .NO, ONOO−, and O2.−. It is found that the nano rods and porous polymers may sense the presence of different ROS by utilizing their edges and pores respectively. It is further revealed that due to stable binding and adsorption energies, entrapment of different ROS by the porous polymers would be sustained for longer time compared to the nano rods. However, the edges of nano rods are reactive and may initiate oxidation reactions by converting Mn+2 to Mn+3. It is thus expected that these bio materials would act as excellent ROS sensors.
Evaluation of Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 6118 procedures for calculating the second‐order effects of reinforced concrete slender columns subjected to uniaxial bending
Authors: Klein Júnior Odinir , Stucchi Fernando R. , Barbosa Ricardo L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluated the Brazilian Standard ABNT NBR 6118:2014 procedures for calculating the second‐order effects of reinforced concrete columns subjected to uniaxial bending. The theoretical results were compared to 187 experimental results of normal and high strength reinforced concrete slender columns under short‐term loading. The most influencing parameters were analyzed: cross‐section thickness, slenderness ratio, longitudinal steel ratios and initial eccentricity of the axial load. The mean value of M
test/M
calc ratio resulted closest to the unity for the model column method with approximate curvature. In general, this method leads to less scatter in comparison to the other methods. Some errors in reinforced concrete slender columns testing were discussed: constructive errors, misalignment of the column, variations of support conditions and errors in instruments readings. All of those errors have significant impact in the variability of the results of the comparative study.
Analysis and evaluation of the pull‐out behavior of hooked steel fibers embedded in high and ultra‐high performance concrete for calibration of numerical models
Authors: Gebuhr Gregor , Pise Mangesh , Sarhil Mohammad , Anders Steffen , Brands Dominik , Schröder Jörg 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper aims at extending the existing knowledge regarding the pull‐out behavior of single steel fibers embedded in high‐ and ultra‐high‐strength concretes with compressive strengths exceeding 100 MPa. Apart from the compressive strength, straight fibers, and fibers with hooked‐ends as well as different embedded lengths are considered. The experiments have shown that the bond strength for straight fibers increases with an increasing compressive strength, mechanical anchorage in terms of hooks multiply the load‐bearing capacity. For hooked end fibers in ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) fiber rupture occurred. Special attention was paid to characterize scatter adequately. Especially for hooked‐end fibers in UHPC conventional slip‐wise averaging does not represent the maximum load well. Therefore, a more precise approach basing on characteristic points is introduced. The experimental results are presented to be used for calibration and validation of numerical models. As an example, an elasto‐plastic phase‐field model using a Drucker‐Prager yield condition is developed, which represents the pull‐out behavior of straight fibers satisfyingly.
Assessing the implementation of Payments for Hydrological Ecosystem Services in Peru through a bottom‐up stakeholder analysis: Case study of Lima, Peru
Authors: Galende Sánchez Ester , Angulo Núñez Oscar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPayments for Ecosystem Services (PES) represent a revolutionary conservation paradigm aimed at providing a sustainable financing for conservation, assuring the continued supply of ecosystem services (ES) for different beneficiaries while having the opportunity to improve sustainable livelihoods of rural communities providing these services. Whereas PES schemes are increasingly being developed all over the world, Peru has created a national legislative framework to operationalize them, called Rewarding Mechanisms for Ecosystem Services (MRSE), with an especial development on Hydrological Ecosystem Services (MRSEH) to sustain good quality and quantity of drinking potable water for urban areas. However, a lack of coordination, miscommunications, and unintegrated decision making process among the wide variety of stakeholders involved, especially urban (downstream water users) and rural stakeholders (ES upstream providers) has caused several challenges for the government to be implemented. This paper proposes an innovative methodology tool aimed to overcome these challenges, based on an in‐depth bottom‐up stakeholder analysis able to identify and understand those problems, and proposes sustainable win‐win upstream–downstream interventions to carry out in the future. A detailed review of the available literature on bottom‐up stakeholder participation methodology and a deep understanding of the MRSEH socio context were completed. We conclude that this methodology has the potential to be applied in any MRSEH of Peru at the design stage and also recommend that more research related with MRSEH stakeholder engagement should be conducted.
The SIARI Score: A Novel Decision Support Tool Outperforms LRINEC Score in Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Cribb Benjamin I. , Wang Michael T. M. , Kulasegaran Suheelan , Gamble Greg D. , MacCormick Andrew D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) scoring system was developed to aid the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis and guide management [1].AimTo validate the LRINEC score and identify clinical predictors to develop a refined diagnostic scoring tool for the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis at Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand.MethodsThis was a retrospective case–control study of patients admitted to Middlemore Hospital with necrotizing fasciitis and severe cellulitis between January 2000 and December 2010. The LRINEC scores at admission were evaluated for performance in discriminating between cases of necrotizing fasciitis and severe cellulitis. Cases and controls were randomized into developmental and validation cohorts. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables for the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was performed. The identified independent predictors were used to develop a new diagnostic scoring tool.ResultsThe area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (C‐statistic) of a LRINEC score ≥6 for the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was 0.679. The newly developed SIARI score [Site other than the lower limb, Immunosuppression, Age < 60 years, Renal impairment (creatinine > 141), and Inflammatory markers (CRP ≥ 150, WCC > 25] demonstrated superior diagnostic ability compared with the LRINEC score in both the developmental (C‐statistic: 0.832 vs. 0.691, p < 0.001) and validation cohorts (C‐statistic: 0.847 vs. 0.667, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe LRINEC score exhibited only modest discriminative performance in this cohort, while the SIARI score is a simplified tool that demonstrates superior diagnostic ability for detecting necrotizing fasciitis. Future external validation studies are required to confirm the trends observed in this study.
Resistance to insect pests in wheat—rye and Aegilops speltoides Tausch translocation and substitution lines
Authors: Crespo-Herrera L. A. , Singh R. P. , Sabraoui A. , El-Bouhssini M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVarious insect pests attack wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that can cause significant grain yield losses to the crop. Farmers usually depend on pesticides, however, smallholder farmers often have limited and ill-timed access to control methods, including insecticides. Host plant resistance is an alternative to protect grain yield and reduce costs to farmers. Three of the most serious pests of wheat are Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), Mayetiola destructor (Say), and Cephus pygmeaus L. These pests occur in most of the wheat growing areas. However, they are of high importance in North Africa and West Asia. The aim of this study was to evaluate a set of wheat—alien translocations for resistance against D. noxia, M. destructor and C. pygmeaus. Genotypes of this germplasm set have already been reported to carry resistance against certain wheat aphid species. Genotypes 1RSam.1AL and MA1S.1RLe(1B), displayed high levels of resistance against D. noxia and C. pygmeaus, respectively. While three genotypes showed resistance reaction against M. destructor: 1Re(1D), 7A.7S-L5, and 7A.7S-Gb5. Except for the resistant genotype to C. pygmeaus, the other four genotypes were previously reported to carry resistance against Sitobion avenae Fabricius, Rhopalosiphum padi L. and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). These five wheat—alien translocations are currently being used in the bread-wheat breeding programs at CIMMYT and ICARDA to transfer the multiple pest resistance in elite germplasm.