bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Community Program Capacity Scale for a Rural American Indian Tribe
Authors: Barbosa-Leiker Celestina , Holliday Carrie , Burduli Ekaterina , Howell Donelle , Wynne Melodi , Numkena Nora , Ford Chanel , Katz Janet 
Published: September 2019

Background and PurposeCommunity-based participatory research (CBPR) is often preferred in partnerships between universities and American Indian tribes. Central to CBPR is a strong impetus for capacity building. Community capacity includes capabilities and infrastructures to provide a service(s).MethodsAn American Indian community advisory board developed and tested an 11-item community capacity scale. A total of 128 tribal members or those who lived on the reservation completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis assessed the factor structure and Cronbach's alpha estimated internal consistency.ResultsA one-factor model demonstrated adequate model fit (comparative fit index [CFI] = .92, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .06, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .07), and items were internally consistent (alpha = .79).ConclusionsSurvey development with academic and tribal partners was iterative, with time spent on partnership and consensus building, resulting in a psychometrically sound and culturally relevant community program capacity scale.
Prevalence of Portuguese Children Exposed to Secondhand Smoke at Home and in the Car
Authors: Precioso José , Rocha Vânia , Sousa Isabel , Araújo Ana Carolina , Machado José Cunha , Antunes Henedina 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Children’s exposure to secondhand smoke is a cause of serious health problems and infant morbidity. This is the first nationally representative study conducted in Portugal to describe the prevalence of children exposed to secondhand smoke at home and in the car.Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with a representative sample of 2396 Portuguese children aged 0 to 9 years old, stratified by age and administrative region NUTS II. Questionnaires were administered between January and September 2016.Results: Results showed that 6.1% of mothers and 11.2% of fathers reported smoking at home. It was found that 4.5% of mothers and 8.3% of fathers reported smoking in the car. Results also showed that 5.4% of children were double exposed to secondhand smoke at home and in the car. Children whose parents were smokers and had a lower level of education were more exposed to secondhand smoke at home.Discussion: Children’s exposure to secondhand smoke has been decreasing in Portugal. Parental smoking and a low educational level were risk factors for children’s exposure to secondhand smoke at home.Conclusion: The main source of children’s exposure to secondhand smoke is parental smoking. As such, it is crucial to implement effective measures to control parental smoking. It is necessary to promote smoking cessation among parents and to ban smoking inside the car.
Referenciação Precoce para Cuidados Paliativos: O Racionamento dos Cuidados Eficientes de Saúde em Doentes Oncológicos
Authors: Reis-Pina Paulo , Dos Santos Rita Gameiro 
Published: September 2019

Os cuidados paliativos oncológicos constituem uma abordagem interdisciplinar, centralizada no doente e nas suas famílias, realizada ao longo da trajetória das doenças neoplásicas, alicerçada no controlo de sintomas, na comunicação assertiva e na tomada de decisão compartilhada. Apesar de as normas de orientação clínica aconselharem uma intervenção holística, integrando precocemente os cuidados paliativos no tratamento oncológico tradicional, a investigação demonstra um grande atraso na referenciação dos doentes, restringindo os cuidados paliativos no fim de vida. Por que razão parece existir um racionamento da referenciação precoce, atentatório da dignidade humana? Em grande parte, é por falta de conhecimento, treino e educação dos profissionais de saúde sobre os cuidados paliativos e as técnicas para lidar com o processo de morrer e a morte. Vários estudos demonstram o benefício da integração de ações paliativas na rotina dos tratamentos oncológicos ativos, não só a nível do controlo eficaz de sintomas físicos e psicológicos, mas a nível da qualidade de vida global, da satisfação do doente e da família, dos custos dos cuidados de saúde e também da sobrevida, em alguns casos. É necessário tomar medidas que encorajem o oncologista a obter mais formação em cuidados paliativos, como um estágio formal, obrigatório, integrado no seu internato de formação específica. Deste modo, uma nova geração de médicos mudará seguramente a vida dos doentes com cancro, e suas famílias, integrando — sem racionamento desproporcionado — oncologia e medicina paliativa.
تدريس اللغة العربية في المدارس الشرقية التقليدية الدينية في شرق تركيا(مدارس تِلْلو وجزيرة ابن عمر نموزجا)
Authors: ناس محمد أمين 
Published: September 2019

The aim of the research is to identify the traditional religious schools in Eastern Turkey in general with a historical and descriptive perspective.It will also focus on these educational institutions in terms of their programs and curricula in teaching Arabic to non-Arabic speakers with reference to some important historical developments relating to and affecting them. We will also analyze publications and books circulating in the hands of teachers and students in these institutions (in Tillo and Jazeera) and address them descriptively and concisely. We will examine these institutions in terms of particular characteristics such as formality, descriptive, financial sources, and development in the current time.Finally; we will identify the extent of attractiveness of graduates amongst citizens and their status in society, and the employment and permanence of graduates from these institutions.The method of research is through descriptive, analytical and comparative methods. The conclusion of the research is that the basis of teaching in this school is primarily voluntary free teaching. The method of teaching is to take the lessons either individually or in a group and to memorize the text and then supplement then with commentaries in a deep and logical manner before and after the class. The system by which the books are taught are systematically and to complete them in entirety.
معايير تقييم معلمي اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها
Authors: العصيمي عارف بن شجعان 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this research is to understand and establish criteria for evaluating the performance of the Arabic teacher for non-native speakers. The standards of learning foreign languages â€‹â€‹and integrating them into the curriculum and its applications in the field of language education. The researcher also pointed to the most important standards in the field of teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. In order to achieve the objectives set for this study, the researcher followed the descriptive method based on the development of the data required to answer the questions of the study describing the phenomenon under study and derived and analyzed to reach tangible results. The researcher chose this approach because it is comprehensive and provides the researcher with a lot of information about the phenomenon and its relevance to the subject studying.
The researcher concluded from this study the results of the most important of which is to prove the role of the educational assessment of the teacher of the Arabic language for non-native speakers and how to achieve the goals of education effectively and strive to provide him with what helps to reflect his ideas abstraction and transfer it to knowledge and planning and application in the best ways to modify the environment of education and the need for educational renewal The need to evaluate the teacher according to basic and functional standards in the educational process such as ACTFI standards, CEFR standards, TESOL standards, Stralah AFMLTA. The need for teaching Arabic language curricula for non-native speakers to the development and activation.
Toleransi Antar Umat Beragama Perspektif KH. Ali Mustafa Yaqub
Authors: Anggraeni Dewi , Suhartinah Siti 
Published: September 2019

This paper is to analyze the thinking of KH Ali Mustafa Yaqub on tolerance inter-religious. Tolerance is urgent for giving solution for the problems religious in Indonesia today. The understanding of tolerance can create harmony inter-religious. This paper is a literature review of Ali Mustafa Yaqub books. The results of this study indicate that conflict inter-religious often occur and very easy to divide the nation one. Therefore need a meaningful interpretation related to good tolerance among the faithful will bring to the harmony of religious life.
Keywords: Tolerance, Inter-religious, KH Ali Mustafa Yaqub
Abstrak
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemikiran KH. Ali Mustafa Yaqub mengenai toleransi antar umat beragama untuk dijadikan satu solusi dalam menjawab permasalahan umat beragama di Indonesia saat ini, yakni permasalahan krisisnya sikap toleransi. Dengan pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai toleransi diharapkan dapat menciptakan kerukunan yang stabil antar umat beragama. Metode dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah kajian literatur atas buku-buku karya Ali Mustofa Yakub. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konflik antar umat beragama sering terjadi dan berpotensi memecah belah persatuan bangsa; karenanya diperlukan pemaknaan yang komprehensif terkait toleransi yang baik antar umat beragama.
Keywords: Toleransi,Umat Beragama, KH. Ali Mustofa Yaqub
Sejarah Keberadaan Muhammadiyah di Minangkabau Perspektif Hamka dalam Karya â€œAyahkuâ€
Authors: Ikbal Muhamad , Aulia Rihlah Nur , Siregar Khairil Ikhsan 
Published: September 2019

This research is aimed to describe of the first origin of Muhamadiyah in Minangkabau beside on Hamka perspective on his book â€œAyahkuâ€, about whom lead Muhamadiyah to Minangkabau, what is the background of Muhamadiyah brought to Minangkabau, and what about the response of Minangkabau society regarding the arrival of Muhamadiyah. This research using history method, mean while for presentation the result of research using descriptive narrative. The Phase of this research method has four elements, such as heuristic (collecting data), critic, interpretative, and historiography (written). The result of this research shows that Muhamadiyah brought to Minangkabau individually where it brought by Haji Abdul Karim Amrullah in 1925. Known Men who spread Muhamdiyah in Minangkabau is Syekh Jamil Jambek, St. Mansur, Sj St Mangkuto and his brother Yusuf Amrullah. Support factor that makes Muhamdiyah accepted in Minangkabau society is because Abdul Karim Amrullah and founder of Muhamdiyah K.H Ahmad Dahlan is a student of Syekh Khatib al Minangkabaui when studying in Mecca also when H.Abdul Karim Amrullah goes to java and his art asked by K.H.Ahmad Dahlan for rewritten in java language.
Keywords : History, Muhammadiyah, Minangkabau, Hamka.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sejarah awal keberadaan Muhammadiyah di Minangkabau perspektif Hamka dalam karyanya â€œAyahkuâ€, tentang siapa yang membawa Muhammadiyah ke Minangkabau, apa latarbelakang Muhammadiyah dibawa ke Minangkabau, dan bagaimana respon masyarakat Minangkabau pada saat Muhammadiyah datang.Penelitian ini mengunakan metode sejarah, sementara untuk penyajian hasil penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk deskriptif â€“ naratif. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa Muhammadiyah dibawa ke Minangkabau secara individual, yaitu dibawa oleh H.Abdul Karim Amrullah pada tahun 1925. Beliau membawa Muhammadiyah ke Minangkabau adalah untuk memperbaiki Agama Islam di Minangkabau. Tokoh yang ikut menyebarkan Muhammadiyah di Minangkabau adalah Syekh Jamil Jambek, St.Mansur, S.J. St.Mangkuto dan adik beliau Yusuf Amrullah. Faktor-faktor Muhammadiyah diterima di masyarakat Minangkabau adalah karena H.Abdul Karim Amrullah dan pendiri Muhammadiyah K.H.Ahmad Dahlan merupakan sama-sama murid dari Syekh Khatib Al-Minangkabaui pada saat belajar agama di Makkah serta pada saat H.Abdul Karim Amrullah ke Jawa karangan-karangan beliau di minta oleh K.H.Ahmad Dahlan untuk disalin dalam bahasa Jawa.
Kata Kunci: Sejarah, Muhammadiyah, Minangkabau, Hamka
Naturally Occurring Asbestiform Minerals in Italian Western Alps and in Other Italian Sites
Authors: Belluso Elena , Baronnet Alain , Capella Silvana 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The natural occurrence of asbestos (NOA) in rocks and soil has been known for many years in several areas of the world, differently from the natural presence of asbestiform minerals. In Italy, the mapping of NOA is mandatory according to the 2001 and 2003 regulations. An investigation, not yet concluded, has revealed that in Italy, NOA is represented by chrysotile and tremolite asbestos with minor amounts of actinolite asbestos and anthophyllite asbestos. A field survey conducted in the Italian Western Alps (IWA), dealing with the natural occurrence of asbestiform minerals non-asbestos classified and not regulated, started many years ago and is still ongoing. It revealed that the following kinds of asbestiform silicates are present (in decreasing order of frequency): asbestiform polygonal serpentine and asbestiform antigorite, asbestiform diopside, asbestiform carlosturanite, asbestiform forsterite, asbestiform sepiolite, asbestiform balangeroite, and asbestiform talc. The asbestiform non-silicates brugnatellite and brucite have been rarely detected. Outside the IWA, asbestiform zeolite (erionite and offretite), asbestiform sodium amphibole (fluoro-edenite), and a few other asbestiform silicates have been also detected. For some asbestiform minerals, the identification is problematic and needs the use of transmission electron microscopy combining imaging at high magnification and electron diffraction and chemical data. This investigation is particularly important to distinguish four kinds of asbestiform minerals (antigorite, polygonal serpentine, carlosturanite, and balangeroite) from chrysotile since only the last one is regulated. The issue is much more complicated by the intergrowth of different fibrous species on the submicrometer scale.
Discerning Erionite from Other Zeolite Minerals During Analysis
Authors: Ray Robyn 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Erionite, a naturally occurring fibrous mineral that belongs to the zeolite group has been designated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 Carcinogen on the basis of mesothelioma, a disease also resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Significant outcrops of fibrous erionite have been reported in California, North Dakota, Nevada, Oregon, and other states. For geologists and industrial hygienists dealing with mining, construction, or various aspects of community protection, it is vital to understand the basics of detecting and handling erionite, since it is similar to asbestos and can cause similar disease. There are many fibrous zeolites, and discerning erionite from these other minerals requires modifications to current asbestos analysis methods. Without these modifications, identification and quantification are questionable and could increase the likelihood of both false negatives and false positives. There is currently no published method specific to erionite analysis; without guidance standards, each laboratory has approached erionite analysis independently. With a few small but significant changes to asbestos analysis methodologies, we developed a reproducible analytical procedure for rapid identification of erionite fibers in air, bulk, and soil samples by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using specialized preparation techniques, energy dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) calibrations, and a liquid nitrogen cryo-holder (cold stage), we were able to overcome the difficulties associated with erionite analysis. By incorporating these changes, commercial analytical laboratories can contribute reliable data to air-exposure studies and characterization guidelines, which may help in determining regulations and further understanding the health risks of erionite.
Role of Alkali Type in Chemical Loss and ASP-Flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery in Sandstone Formations
Authors: Zhong Huiying , Yang Tingbao , Yin Hongjun , Lu Jun , Zhang Kai , Fu Chunquan 
Published: September 2019

SummaryChemical combination flooding techniques, particularly alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding, have proved to be effective in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The development of this flooding technique in the Daqing Oil Field (China) shows that it can prevent production declines and help oil companies increase profits. However, ASP chemical loss and the resulting chromatographic separation in sandstone formations remain as limitations in the practice of ASP flooding.Laboratory investigations have analyzed the behavior and characteristics of chemical loss in sandstone reservoirs recently subjected to strong-base [sodium hydroxide (NaOH)] and weak-base [sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)] ASP flooding. A set of experiments were reasonably designed to study how formulation compositions, slug combination patterns, and heterogeneity affected the chromatographic separation and consumption loss characteristics of chemicals in sandstone reservoirs subjected to ASP flooding. Our investigations determined chemical-loss ratios through various experiments, described the underlying mechanism behind the discovered consumption loss characteristics, and discussed the effects of comparative ASP flooding processes. Furthermore, the incremental oil recovery factor and degree of permeability damage in heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs subjected to strong-base and weak-base ASP flooding processes were assessed and compared. Then, the role of alkali type in chemical loss, EOR efficiency, and reservoir flow assurance in sandstone formations were ascertained for the first time.The results indicated that chemical-loss behaviors and chemical chromatographic separation could be alleviated in a weak-base ASP flooding. In particular, in heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs, the average loss ratios of alkalis and surfactants could be reduced by 9.61% and 15.67%, respectively, compared to the strong-base ASP flooding. A profitable EOR of 20% or more could also be obtained with a weak-base ASP flooding. Moreover, a reduction of approximately 15% in the permeability-damage ratio could be realized in weak-base ASP flooding compared with the strong-base system, and the reservoir flow-assurance issues related to chemical loss could be addressed. The optimal designs for ASP formulations and slug combination patterns could technically and sustainably achieve high oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs with a weak-base ASP flooding.The results help illustrate the chemical combination flooding mechanism and can contribute to the existing knowledge regarding the additive effects of chemicals during the EOR process. Moreover, they are significant for further improving oil displacement efficiency and reducing the injection cost in heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs subjected to the weak-base ASP-flooding process.
Comparison of retention in observational cohorts and nested Simulated HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials in the Key populations in Uganda
Authors: Abaasa Andrew Max , Todd Jim , Nash Stephen , Mayanja Yunia , Kaleebu Pontiano , Fast Patricia E. , Price Matt 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Outcomes in observational studies may not best estimate those expected in the HIV vaccine efficacy trials. We compared retention in Simulated HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials (SiVETs) and observational cohorts drawn from two key populations in Uganda.

Methods: Two SiVETs were nested within two observational cohorts, one in Fisherfolk (FF) and another one in Female Sex Workers (FSW). Adult participants in each observational cohort were screened for enrolment into SiVETs until a sample of 572 was achieved. Those screened-out or not screened continued participation in the observational (non-SiVET) cohorts. SiVET participants were administered a licensed hepatitis B vaccine in a schedule that mimicked an actual HIV vaccine efficacy trial. Both cohorts were followed for 12 months and retention was assessed through dropout, defined as lost to follow up, being uncontactable, refusal to continue or missing the last study clinic visit. Dropout rates were compared using Poisson models giving rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

Results: Out of 1,525 participants (565 FF and 960 FSW), 572 (38 %) were enrolled into SiVETs (282-FF and 290-FSW), and 953 (62%) remained in the non-SiVET cohorts. Overall, 326 (101 SiVET, 225 non-SiVET) dropped out in 1,260 Person Years of Observation (PYO), a dropout rate of 25.9 /100 PYO (95%CI: 23.2-28.8); fewer dropped out in the SiVET cohorts (18.4, 95% CI: 15.1-22.4) than in the non-SiVET cohorts (31.6, 95% CI: 27.8-36.1), rate ratio (RR) =0.58, 95% CI 0.46-0.73. In all cohorts, the dropout were more marked in FSW than in FF population. Duration lived in community was associated with dropout in both SiVETs and religion in both non-SiVET cohorts.

Conclusion: The rate of dropout was lower in SiVET compared to non-SiVET cohort. Though the difference in dropout between SiVET and non-SiVET was generally similar, the actual dropout rates were higher in the FSW population. Conduct of SiVETs in these key populations could mean that designing HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trials will benefit from lower dropout rate shown in SiVET than non-SiVET observational cohort.
Animal model of allergy and asthma; protocol for researches
Authors: Athari Seyyede Masoume , Nasab Entezar Mehrabi , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Allergic diseases and asthma are an important problem in health system and effects large amounts of people in the worlds. Exposure to outdoor and indoor allergens promote the sensitization towards these allergens. Th2 cytokines are main stimulators allergic diseases initiation. Allergic diseases similar to other diseases have been studied in animal for understanding of pathophysiology and treatments. Animal models provide a potential approach to investigation of the pathophysiology, mechanism and drugs designing for allergy and asthma. Physicians and veterinarians with collaboration in this field could improve best animal model. In this review, it will be discussed the various models (especially in mouse) and protocols by focusing on the allergic diseases. Animal models in allergy field, are applicable for important goals. Moral discussion in all procedures should be remarkable.
Effectiveness of combined suprascapular nerve and costoclavicular brachial plexus block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Kim Byung-Gun , Lee Woojoo , Kim Hyunzu , Yang Chunwoo , Jeon Yoon Sang , Tae Nayoung , Kim Hongseok 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Although interscalene brachial plexus block provides effective anesthesia and analgesia for shoulder surgery, one major drawback of interscalene brachial plexus block is ipsilateral phrenic nerve palsy. Several diaphragm-sparing nerve blocks have been suggested. We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of combined suprascapular nerve and costoclavicular brachial plexus block for postoperative analgesia following arthroscopic shoulder surgery.Methods Nineteen patients scheduled for arthroscopic shoulder surgery received combined ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve and costoclavicular brachial plexus block. Pain scores, use of supplemental analgesia, incidence of phrenic nerve palsy, block-related outcomes, patient satisfaction, and adverse effects were assessed.Results The block was successful in 17 patients (89.5%). Postoperative pain control was effective during the first 24 h after surgery. Phrenic nerve palsy did not occur (0%, 95% confidential interval 0 – 17%). There were no severe adverse events. Patients reported a high degree of satisfaction.Conclusion Combined suprascapular nerve and costoclavicular brachial plexus block provided effective postoperative analgesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery without causing phrenic nerve palsy.