bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Search for Persistent Radio Sources toward Repeating Fast Radio Bursts Discovered by CHIME/FRB
Authors: Ibik Adaeze L. , Drout Maria R. , Gaensler B. M. , Scholz Paul , Sridhar Navin , Margalit Ben , Clarke T. E. , Law Casey J. , Tendulkar Shriharsh P. , Michilli Daniele , Eftekhari Tarraneh , Bhardwaj Mohit , Burke-Spolaor Sarah , Chatterjee Shami , Cook Amanda M. , Hessels Jason W. T. , Kirsten Franz , Joseph Ronniy C. , Kaspi Victoria M. , Lazda Mattias , Masui Kiyoshi W. , Nimmo Kenzie , Pandhi Ayush , Pearlman Aaron B. , Pleunis Ziggy , Rafiei-Ravandi Masoud , Shin Kaitlyn , Smith Kendrick M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The identification of persistent radio sources (PRSs) coincident with two repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) supports FRB theories requiring a compact central engine. However, deep nondetections in other cases highlight the diversity of repeating FRBs and their local environments. Here, we perform a systematic search for radio sources towards 37 CHIME/FRB repeaters using their arcminute localizations and a combination of archival surveys and targeted observations. Through multiwavelength analysis of individual radio sources, we identify two (20181030A-S1 and 20190417A-S1) for which we disfavor an origin of either star formation or an active galactic nucleus in their host galaxies and thus consider them candidate PRSs. We do not find any associated PRSs for the majority of the repeating FRBs in our sample. For eight FRB fields with Very Large Array imaging, we provide deep limits on the presence of PRSs that are 2–4 orders of magnitude fainter than the PRS associated with FRB 20121102A. Using Very Large Array Sky Survey imaging of all 37 fields, we constrain the rate of luminous (≳1040 erg s−1) PRSs associated with repeating FRBs to be low. Within the context of FRB-PRS models, we find that 20181030A-S1 and 20190417A-S1 can be reasonably explained within the context of magnetar, hypernebulae, gamma-ray burst afterglow, or supernova ejecta models—although we note that both sources follow the radio luminosity versus rotation measure relationship predicted in the nebula model framework. Future observations will be required to both further characterize and confirm the association of these PRS candidates with the FRBs.
Whole-disk Sampling of Molecular Clouds in M83
Authors: Hirota Akihiko , Koda Jin , Egusa Fumi , Sawada Tsuyoshi , Sakamoto Kazushi , Heyer Mark , Lee Amanda M , Maeda Fumiya , Boissier Samuel , Calzetti Daniela , Elmegreen Bruce G. , Harada Nanase , Ho Luis C. , Kobayashi Masato I. N. , Kuno Nario , Madore Barry F. , Martín Sergio , Donovan Meyer Jennifer , Muraoka Kazuyuki , Watanabe Yoshimasa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a catalog of clouds identified from the 12CO (1–0) data of M83, which was observed using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array with a spatial resolution of ∼46 pc and a mass sensitivity of ∼104
M
⊙ (3σ). The almost full-disk coverage and high sensitivity of the data allowed us to sample 5724 molecular clouds with a median mass of ∼1.9 × 105
M
⊙, which is comparable to the most frequently sampled mass of giant molecular clouds by surveys in the Milky Way (MW). About 60% of the total CO luminosity in M83's disk arises from clouds more massive than 106
M
⊙. Such massive clouds comprise 16% of the total clouds in number and tend to concentrate toward the arm, bar, and center, while smaller clouds are more prevalent in interarm regions. Most >106
M
⊙ clouds have peak brightness temperatures T
peak above 2 K with the current resolution. Comparing the observed cloud properties with the scaling relations determined by P. M. Solomon et al. (1987, hereafter S87), T
peak > 2 K clouds follow the relations, but T
peak < 2 K clouds, which are dominant in number, deviate significantly. Without considering the effect of beam dilution, the deviations would suggest modestly high virial parameters (median α
vir ∼ 2.7) and low surface mass densities (median Σ ∼ 22 M
⊙ pc−2) for the entire cloud samples, which are similar to values found for the MW clouds by T. S. Rice et al. (2016) and M.-A Miville-Deschênes et al. (2017). However, once beam dilution is taken into account, the observed α
vir and Σ for a majority of the clouds (mostly T
peak <2 K) can be potentially explained with intrinsic Σ of ∼100 M
⊙ pc−2 and α
vir of ∼1, which are similar to the clouds of S87.
An In-depth Analysis of Quiet-Sun IRIS Brightenings
Authors: Humphries Llŷr Dafydd , Morgan Huw , Kuridze David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Small-scale brightenings are ubiquitous, dynamic, and energetic phenomena found in the chromosphere. An advanced filter-detection algorithm applied to high-resolution observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph enables the detection of these brightenings close to the noise level. This algorithm also tracks the movement of these brightenings and extracts their characteristics. This work outlines the results of an in-depth analysis of a quiet-Sun data set including a comparison of a brighter domain—associated with a supergranular boundary—to the quiescent internetwork domains. Several characteristics of brightenings from both domains are extracted and analysed, providing a range of sizes, durations, brightness values, travel distances, and speeds. The “active” quiet-Sun events tend to travel shorter distances and at slower speeds across the plane of the sky than their “true” quiet-Sun counterparts. These results are consistent with the magnetic field model of supergranular photospheric structures and the magnetic canopy model of the chromosphere above. Spectroscopic analyses reveal that bright points demonstrate blueshift (as well as some bidirectionality) and that they may rise from the chromosphere into the transition region. We believe that these bright points are magnetic in nature, are likely the result of magnetic reconnection, and follow current sheets between magnetic field gradients, rather than travel along magnetic field lines themselves.
Cracking the Relation between Mass and 1P-star Fraction of Globular Clusters. II. The Masses in 1P and 2P Stars as a Second Tool
Authors: Parmentier Geneviève 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Galactic globular clusters contain two main groups of stars, the pristine or 1P stars, and the polluted or 2P stars. The pristine-star fraction in clusters, F
1P
, is a decreasing function of the cluster present-day mass, m
prst. Paper I has introduced a model mapping the region of the (m
prst, F
1P
) space occupied by clusters, with the cluster mass threshold for 2P-star formation a key building block. We now expand this model to the pristine-star fraction in dependence of the pristine- and polluted-population masses. A. P. Milone et al. found that F
1P
anticorrelates more tightly with the polluted-population present-day mass, m
2P,prst, than with the cluster total mass, m
prst. By contrast, F
1P
anticorrelates poorly with the pristine-population current mass, m
1P,prst. We show the loose anticorrelation between F
1P
and m
1P,prst to result from a roughly constant pristine-population mass in clusters as they start their long-term evolution in the Galactic tidal field. As for the tight anticorrelation between m
2P,prst and F
1P
, it stems from the initially shallow relation between m
2P
and F
1P
. Clusters of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively) appear to behave unexpectedly with respect to each other. For a given F
1P
, LMC clusters are more massive than SMC clusters despite their enduring a stronger tidal field. This is opposite to how the Galactic outer- and inner-halo clusters behave. The explanation may lie in cluster formation conditions. Finally, we wonder whether the single-population clusters NGC 419 and Rup 106 formed as multiple-population clusters.
How Do the Velocity Anisotropies of Halo Stars, Dark Matter, and Satellite Galaxies Depend on Host Halo Properties?
Authors: He Jiaxin , Wang Wenting , Li Zhaozhou , Han Jiaxin , Rodriguez-Gomez Vicente , Zhao Donghai , Meng Xianguang , Jing Yipeng , Shao Shi , Shi Rui , Tan Zhenlin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We investigate the mass (M
200) and concentration (c
200) dependencies of the velocity anisotropy (β) profiles for different components in the dark matter halo—including halo stars, dark matter, and subhalos—using systems from the IllustrisTNG simulations. Beyond a critical radius, β becomes more radial with the increase of M
200, reflecting more prominent radial accretion around massive halos. The critical radius is r ∼ r

s
, 0.3 r

s
, and r

s
for halo stars, dark matter, and subhalos, with r

s
being the scale radius of the host halos. This dependence on M
200 is the strongest for subhalos and the weakest for halo stars. In central regions, the β of halo stars and dark matter particles get more isotropic with the increase of M
200 in TNG300 due to baryons. By contrast, the β of dark matter from the dark-matter-only TNG300-Dark run shows much weaker dependence on M
200 within r

s
. Dark matter in TNG300 is slightly more isotropic than in TNG300-Dark at 0.2 r

s
< r < 10 r

s
and

log

10

M

200

/

M

⊙

<
13.8

. Halo stars and dark matter also become more radial with the increase in c
200, at fixed M
200. Halo stars are more radial than the β profile of dark matter by approximately a constant beyond r

s
. Dark matter particles are more radial than subhalos. The differences can be understood, as subhalos on more radial orbits are more easily stripped, contributing more stars and dark matter to the diffuse components. We provide the fitting formula for the differences between the β of halo stars and dark matter at r

s
< r < 3 r

s
as

β

star

−

β

DM

=
(
−
0.034
±
0.012
)

log

10

M

200

/

M

⊙

+
(
0.772
±
0.163
)

for

log

10

M

200

/

M

⊙

≥
13

and as β
star − β
DM = 0.328 for

log

10

M

200

/

M

⊙

<
13

.
The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey 2: Second Data Release
Authors: Thongkham Khunanon , Gonzalez Anthony H. , Brodwin Mark , Trudeau Ariane , Eisenhardt Peter , Stanford S. A. , Moravec Emily , Connor Thomas , Stern Daniel , Spivey Ryan , Garcia Karolina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present the second data release of the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey 2 (MaDCoWS2). We expand from the equatorial first data release to most of the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey area, covering a total area of 6498 deg2. The catalog consists of 133,036 signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) ≥ 5 galaxy cluster candidates at 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 2, including 6790 candidates at z > 1.5. We train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify spurious detections and include CNN-based cluster probabilities in the final catalog. We also compare the MaDCoWS2 sample with literature catalogs in the same area. The larger sample provides robust results that are consistent with our first data release. At S/N ≥ 5, we rediscover 59%–91% of clusters in existing catalogs that lie in the unmasked area of MC2. The median positional offsets are under 250 kpc, and the standard deviation of the redshifts is 0.031(1 + z). We fit a redshift-dependent power law to the relation between MaDCoWS2 S/N and observables from existing catalogs. Over the redshift ranges where the surveys overlap with MaDCoWS2, the lowest scatter is found between S/N and observables from optical/infrared surveys. We also assess the performance of our method using a mock light cone measuring purity and completeness as a function of cluster mass. The purity is above 90%, and we estimate the 50% completeness threshold at a virial mass of log(M/M
⊙) ≈ 14.3. The completeness estimate is uncertain due to the small number of massive halos in the light cone, but consistent with the recovery fraction found by comparing to other cluster catalogs.
Tleco: A Toolkit for Modeling Radiative Signatures from Relativistic Outflows
Authors: Davis Zachary , Rueda-Becerril Jesús M. , Giannios Dimitrios 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A wide range of astrophysical sources exhibit extreme and rapidly varying electromagnetic emission indicative of efficient nonthermal particle acceleration. Understanding these sources often involves comparing data with a broad range of theoretical scenarios. To this end, it is beneficial to have tools that enable not only fast and efficient parametric investigation of the predictions of a specific scenario but also the flexibility to explore different theoretical ideas. In this paper, we introduce Tleco, a versatile and lightweight toolkit for developing numerical models of relativistic outflows, including their particle acceleration mechanisms and resultant electromagnetic signature. Built on the Rust programming language and wrapped into a Python library, Tleco offers efficient algorithms for evolving relativistic particle distributions and for solving the resulting emissions in a customizable fashion. Tleco uses a fully implicit discretization algorithm to solve the Fokker–Planck equation with user-defined diffusion, advection, cooling, injection, and escape and offers prescriptions for radiative emission and cooling. These include, but are not limited to, synchrotron, inverse-Compton, and self-synchrotron absorption. Tleco is designed to be user friendly and adaptable to model particle acceleration and the resulting electromagnetic spectrum and temporal variability in a wide variety of astrophysical scenarios, including, but not limited to, gamma-ray bursts, pulsar wind nebulae, and jets from active galactic nuclei. In this work, we outline the core algorithms and proceed to evaluate and demonstrate their effectiveness. The code is open source and available in the GitHub repository: https://github.com/zkdavis/Tleco.
Applications of biosensors in non-native freshwater species: a systematic review
Authors: Meira Alexandra , Carvalho Francisco , Castro Paulo , Sousa Ronaldo 
Published: November 2024

Technological advances have boosted the ability to obtain large and high-quality ecological data. These new technological tools have the potential to rapidly develop knowledge on how species behave and interact in ecosystems at relevant spatial and temporal scales. Comprehensive time-series datasets on the in situ behaviour and dispersal of wild organisms are essential for addressing fundamental ecological and physiological questions regarding non-native freshwater species. In this review, we address how biosensors, hereby defined as a tool for electronic tagging and tracking, can be useful in assessing movement, internal states and behaviour in non-native freshwater species, plus information about the surrounding environment and discuss possibilities of future research.
We performed a systematic review of the available literature and retrieved a total of 132 scientific studies (from 1996 to 2023) detailing 140 examples of sensor use. Most studies used radio telemetry (40%; n = 53) followed by acoustic telemetry (34%; n = 45) and PIT telemetry (20%; n = 26) to study non-native freshwater species. The taxonomic group most studied was fish (72%; n = 109), followed by crustaceans (14%; n = 21) and amphibians (5%; n = 8). The most addressed topics included species behaviour assessment (72%; n = 101), species physiology (10%; n = 14) and management (9%; n = 12). As expected, the number of studies noticeably increased since 2006, with the majority performed in North America (55%; n = 73), followed by Europe (30%; n = 40) and Oceania (7%; n = 9). Information provided by biosensors can be used to better understand the dynamics and impacts of cryptic non-native species and can be applied in the management of biological invasions.
We also addressed future directions concerning the use of biosensors in non-native freshwater species (e.g. underwater internet systems, artificial intelligence, crittercams). Overall, these technologies provide unique possibilities in the field of biological invasions in freshwater ecosystems and the development of new technologies to address their limitations will increase the amount and reliability of the data gathered to provide information for management actions.
Niveles de vida y pautas de consumo de las élites urbanas riojanas entre los siglos XV y XVI
Authors: Goicolea Julián Francisco Javier 
Published: November 2024

En este artículo se analizan los niveles de vida y las pautas de consumo de las élites urbanas del territorio riojano. Para ello se ha escogido un marco cronológico que va desde finales del siglo XV hasta el periodo que marca la etapa final del crecimiento económico acaecido a lo largo del siglo XVI. A través del estudio de una selección de inventarios de bienes post mortem, junto a otra documentación de interés proveniente de los Protocolos Notariales de varios escribanos riojanos y de otros fondos archivísticos, se pretenden analizar diferentes cuestiones. Sobre todo, aquellas relacionadas con la posición económica, modos de vida, cultura material y pautas de consumo características de la sociedad elitista de la época. Se prestará especial atención a la evolución del consumo en relación con productos más diversificados y de mayor calidad que estas familias de la élite elegían para sus viviendas y atuendos personales, tal y como se pone de manifiesto asimismo en las ciudades y villas europeas de Italia, Países Bajos, Inglaterra o de la propia península ibérica.
Practice of clean intermittent catheterisation in children with spina bifida: A scoping review
Authors: Nono Denis , Ssemata Andrew S. , Bannink Mbazzi Femke , Seeley Janet 
Published: November 2024

Background: Spina bifida is a congenital neural tube defect, where there is incomplete formation of the spinal cord and vertebrae, resulting in abnormal development of the neural tube. This affects bladder function and urinary incontinence. Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC) is used to manage bladder and bowel management.Objectives: This study aims to scope evidence on the facilitators and barriers to usage and practice of CIC in children with spina bifida in low-income countries.Method: We searched databases including PUBMED, Web of Science and SCOPUS, and screened articles for inclusion following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search terms included ‘Spina Bifida ([continence management] AND [clean intermittent catheterisation]) AND ([barriers to Clean Intermittent Catheterisation] OR [Low Income Countries]) OR (myelomeningocele)’. Full-text assessment for eligibility excluded 202 articles. Twenty-two articles were reviewed and twelve full-text articles were excluded because of limited content. Ten articles published in English between 2004 and 2023 were selected for review.Results: Barriers in practicing CIC include pain and discomfort in catheter insertion, stigma and fears; inaccessibility of public toilets, unavailability of appropriate catheters, difficulty in positioning, limited quality of teaching and challenges with accessing supplies. Facilitators include starting CIC in infancy, follow-up by healthcare providers, support from family and community members, quality of training, continuous practice of CIC, utilisation of lubricants, reuse of catheters and other low-cost materials.Conclusion: Our review summarises facilitators and barriers to CIC and provides recommendations for further research, which includes the involvement of family members and community-based rehabilitation workers.Contribution: This article contributes to a better understanding of CIC use in low-income countries.
Impact of adherence to American Optometric Association guidelines on computer vision syndrome and dry eye
Authors: Aljohani Saeed , Alrasheed Saif H. , Alrashidi Khalid , Alharbi Abdulrahman , Alghamdi Samar , Aljhni Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

Background: Prolonged digital device use among university students has been linked to computer vision syndrome (CVS) and dry eye disease (DED).Aim: This study aimed to assess adherence to the American Optometric Association (AOA) guidelines and its impact on CVS and DED among male university students.Setting: The study was conducted at Qassim University.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 290 male students. Data were collected through validated questionnaires assessing symptoms of CVS and DED, along with self-reported adherence to AOA ergonomic guidelines. A statistical analysis was used to correlate ergonomic practices.Results: The study found high frequency of CVS (80.34%) and DED (68.28%) among participants. Eye irritation, headache, burning in the eye and tearing were the common reported symptoms of CVS, with a frequency of 43.35%, 41.20%, 36.10% and 35.62%, respectively. Significant reductions in CVS symptoms were noted among students who maintained at least 50 cm screen distance (P = 0.047) and those taking regular breaks (P = 0.000), highlighting the effectiveness of these ergonomic interventions. However, there was no significant reduction in DED symptoms among students who followed the recommended guidelines.Conclusion: The high frequency of CVS and DED among students underscores the need for increased awareness and implementation of ergonomic practices. Thus, public health initiatives must enhance ergonomic education to improve student ocular health in digital environments.Contribution: The study showed high frequency of CVS and DED among university students. Significant reductions in CVS symptoms were noted among students who maintained at least 50 cm of screen distance and those taking regular breaks.
Assessment of Right Ventricular Function before and after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Inferior Wall ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction by Tissue Doppler Imaging
Authors: Bhupal V. S. R. , Kumar P. Sampath 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Assessing right ventricular performance using two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography has been difficult due to its complex shape. Tissue Doppler imaging was used as a noninvasive method in this study to evaluate right ventricular function in patients with acute inferior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction (IWMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Materials and Methods:
Forty patients with IWMI admitted to a tertiary care hospital in India were included in this prospective, observational study. The patient’s detailed history, physical examination along with laboratory parameters, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and coronary angiogram profile were recorded from which the decision for PCI was made. The follow-up period for each patient was 6 weeks, during which 2D color Doppler and pulse-wave echocardiographic parameters were assessed.

Results:
This study comprised 40 patients, among which 16 patients had right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI), and the mean age of RVMI patients was 56.65 ± 12.03 years. In RVMI patients, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (mm) and RV FAC (%) values were lower than in IWMI patients, and a surge in its respective value to 15.66 ± 1.20 and 32.64 ± 3.17 (P = 0.03) was observed post-PCIs. Furthermore, an inclination in tissue annular systolic velocity (Sm; cm/s) to 11.24 ± 1.55, P = 0.02, and early diastolic tissue annular velocity (Em; cm/s) to 10.98 ± 1.27, P = 0.003, from the baseline was observed after revascularization. The myocardial performance index value accounted to be higher in RVMI patients; however, after PCI, a change from 0.73 ± 0.06 to 0.61 ± 0.12 was noted (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
In this study, a significant difference in the echocardiographic parameters assessing RV function in RVMI and IWMI patients was noted, and hence, it can be considered a reliable diagnostic tool to predict the RV performance.