bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inherited Cross‐Strike Faults and Oligocene‐Early Miocene Segmentation of the Main Himalayan Thrust, West Nepal
Authors: Soucy La Roche R. , Godin L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe geometry of orogenic basal detachments controls the location and partitioning of seismicity, yet how it influences past episodes of orogenesis is often overlooked. We integrate recently published microstructural, phase equilibria modeling, monazite U‐Th/Pb petrochronology, and white mica 40Ar/39Ar geochronology data from the Greater Himalayan sequence to characterize the geometry of the Himalayan basal detachment, the Main Himalayan thrust (MHT), during the Oligocene and early Miocene. The Karnali and Jajarkot klippen, located at equivalent along‐strike positions in the direction of tectonic transport in the foreland of west Nepal, record contrasting pressure‐temperature‐time‐deformation paths. Units in both klippen reached similar peak pressures with a 5‐ to 10‐Myr time difference: Units in the Karnali klippe were exhumed while units in the Jajarkot klippe were buried. We interpret the contrasting metamorphic pressures between 35 and 25 Ma to reflect the influence of a vertical or steeply east dipping lateral ramp (or tear fault) in the MHT between the two klippen. The location of this putative Oligocene MHT ramp coincides with other evidence for a MHT lateral ramp since the Pleistocene to the present. Segmentation of the MHT in west Nepal is therefore an active and protracted phenomenon that started in the Oligocene or earlier. We interpret this offsetting of the MHT to be linked to the Lucknow basement fault, a spatially coinciding inherited cross‐strike structure in the subducted Indian lithosphere. Our study highlights the important applications of metamorphic petrology and petrochronology to seismotectonics by illustrating the timescales of lateral segmentation of an orogenic basal detachment.
Bayesian Dynamic Finite‐Fault Inversion: 1. Method and Synthetic Test
Authors: Gallovič F. , Valentová Ľ. , Ampuero J.‐P. , Gabriel A.‐A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDynamic earthquake source inversions aim to determine the spatial distribution of initial stress and friction parameters leading to dynamic rupture models that reproduce observed ground motion data. Such inversions are challenging, particularly due to their high computational burden; thus, so far, only few attempts have been made. Using a highly efficient rupture simulation code, we introduce a novel method to generate a representative sample of acceptable dynamic models from which dynamic source parameters and their uncertainties can be assessed. The method assumes a linear slip‐weakening friction law and spatially variable prestress, strength, and characteristic slip‐weakening distance along the fault. The inverse problem is formulated in a Bayesian framework, and the posterior probability density function is sampled using the Parallel Tempering Monte Carlo algorithm. The forward solver combines a 3‐D finite difference code for dynamic rupture simulation on a simplified geometry to compute slip rates and precalculated Green's functions to compute ground motions. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed method on a community benchmark test for source inversion. We find that the dynamic parameters are resolved well within the uncertainty, especially in areas of large slip. The overall relative uncertainty of the dynamic parameters is rather large, reaching ~50% of the averaged values. In contrast, the kinematic rupture parameters (rupture times, rise times, and slip values), also well resolved, have relatively lower uncertainties of ~10%. We conclude that incorporating physics‐based constraints, such as an adequate friction law, may serve also as an effective constraint on the rupture kinematics in finite‐fault inversions.
Partial Melting‐Induced Chemical Evolution in Shocked Crystalline and Amorphous Plagioclase From the Lunar Meteorite Mount DeWitt 12007
Authors: Kim Hyun Na , Park Changkun , Park Sun Young , Kim Hwayoung , Kim Min Sik 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDetermining the formation mechanism of maskelynite is essential to understanding the shocked environments of meteorites on their parent bodies. Maskelynite has been accepted as a diaplectic glass for several decades, but there have been suggestions that it is a normal glass quenched from a dense melt. Morphological characteristics have been generally investigated to identify the formation mechanism of amorphous plagioclase in meteorites, but the chemical difference between crystalline and amorphous plagioclase has not been fully understood. In this study, we investigated the morphological, atomic‐scale structural, and chemical characteristics of amorphous plagioclase in the lunar meteorite DEW 12007 to constrain its formation mechanism via chemical analysis. The morphological characteristics showed that plagioclase was partially converted into amorphous phase through partial melting. Two‐dimensional Raman mapping confirmed the structural difference between amorphous and crystalline regions. Quantitative chemical analyses revealed that the amorphous regions were more albite‐rich than the crystalline regions, likely due to the partial melting of plagioclase. Under shocked conditions, the partial melting of plagioclase induced a chemical variation between amorphous and crystalline regions. The morphological and structural changes correspond well with the chemical variations, indicating that amorphization induced such variations. The chemical differences between amorphous and crystalline plagioclase in other meteorites also could be understood to be the results of partial melting. Thus, the chemical differences between amorphous and crystalline plagioclase in partially amorphized grains could elucidate the formation mechanism of amorphous plagioclase in many meteorites.
Developmental kinetics and transcriptome dynamics of stem cell specification in the spermatogenic lineage
Authors: Law Nathan C. , Oatley Melissa J. , Oatley Jon M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContinuity, robustness, and regeneration of cell lineages relies on stem cell pools that are established during development. For the mammalian spermatogenic lineage, a foundational spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) pool arises from prospermatogonial precursors during neonatal life via mechanisms that remain undefined. Here, we mapped the kinetics of this process in vivo using a multi-transgenic reporter mouse model, in silico with single-cell RNA sequencing, and functionally with transplantation analyses to define the SSC trajectory from prospermatogonia. Outcomes revealed that a heterogeneous prospermatogonial population undergoes dynamic changes during late fetal and neonatal development. Differential transcriptome profiles predicted divergent developmental trajectories from fetal prospermatogonia to descendant postnatal spermatogonia. Furthermore, transplantation analyses demonstrated that a defined subset of fetal prospermatogonia is fated to function as SSCs. Collectively, these findings suggest that SSC fate is preprogrammed within a subset of fetal prospermatogonia prior to building of the foundational pool during early neonatal development.
Noncoding dsRNA induces retinoic acid synthesis to stimulate hair follicle regeneration via TLR3
Authors: Kim Dongwon , Chen Ruosi , Sheu Mary , Kim Noori , Kim Sooah , Islam Nasif , Wier Eric M. , Wang Gaofeng , Li Ang , Park Angela , Son Wooyang , Evans Benjamin , Yu Victoria , Prizmic Vicky P. , Oh Eugene , Wang Zixiao , Yu Jianshi , Huang Weiliang , Archer Nathan K. , Hu Zhiqi , Clemetson Nashay , Nelson Amanda M. , Chien Anna , Okoye Ginette A. , Miller Lloyd S. , Ghiaur Gabriel , Kang Sewon , Jones Jace W. , Kane Maureen A. , Garza Luis A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHow developmental programs reactivate in regeneration is a fundamental question in biology. We addressed this question through the study of Wound Induced Hair follicle Neogenesis (WIHN), an adult organogenesis model where stem cells regenerate de novo hair follicles following deep wounding. The exact mechanism is uncertain. Here we show that self-noncoding dsRNA activates the anti-viral receptor toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) to induce intrinsic retinoic acid (RA) synthesis in a pattern that predicts new hair follicle formation after wounding in mice. Additionally, in humans, rejuvenation lasers induce gene expression signatures for dsRNA and RA, with measurable increases in intrinsic RA synthesis. These results demonstrate a potent stimulus for RA synthesis by non-coding dsRNA, relevant to their broad functions in development and immunity.
Structural defects on converted bismuth oxide nanotubes enable highly active electrocatalysis of carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Gong Qiufang , Ding Pan , Xu Mingquan , Zhu Xiaorong , Wang Maoyu , Deng Jun , Ma Qing , Han Na , Zhu Yong , Lu Jun , Feng Zhenxing , Li Yafei , Zhou Wu , Li Yanguang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFormic acid (or formate) is suggested to be one of the most economically viable products from electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. However, its commercial viability hinges on the development of highly active and selective electrocatalysts. Here we report that structural defects have a profound positive impact on the electrocatalytic performance of bismuth. Bismuth oxide double-walled nanotubes with fragmented surface are prepared as a template, and are cathodically converted to defective bismuth nanotubes. This converted electrocatalyst enables carbon dioxide reduction to formate with excellent activity, selectivity and stability. Most significantly, its current density reaches ~288 mA cm−2 at −0.61 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode within a flow cell reactor under ambient conditions. Using density functional theory calculations, the excellent activity and selectivity are rationalized as the outcome of abundant defective bismuth sites that stabilize the *OCHO intermediate. Furthermore, this electrocatalyst is coupled with silicon photocathodes and achieves high-performance photoelectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction.
Intertwined chiral charge orders and topological stabilization of the light-induced state of a prototypical transition metal dichalcogenide
Authors: Gerasimenko Yaroslav A. , Karpov Petr , Vaskivskyi Igor , Brazovskii Serguei , Mihailovic Dragan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe fundamental idea that the constituents of interacting many body systems in complex quantum materials may self-organise into long range order under highly non-equilibrium conditions leads to the notion that entirely new and unexpected functionalities might be artificially created. However, demonstrating new emergent order in highly non-equilibrium transitions has proven surprisingly difficult. In spite of huge recent advances in experimental ultrafast time-resolved techniques, methods that average over successive transition outcomes have so far proved incapable of elucidating the emerging spatial structure. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy, we report for the first time the charge order emerging after a single transition outcome initiated by a single optical pulse in a prototypical two-dimensional dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2. By mapping the vector field of charge displacements of the emergent state, we find surprisingly intricate, long-range, topologically non-trivial charge order in which chiral domain tiling is intertwined with unpaired dislocations which play a crucial role in enhancing the emergent states’ remarkable stability. The discovery of the principles that lead to metastability in charge-ordered systems opens the way to designing novel emergent functionalities, particularly ultrafast all-electronic non-volatile cryo-memories.
Mid-Term Outcomes after Transapical and Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation for Aortic Stenosis and Porcelain Aorta with a Systematic Review of Transfemoral versus Transapical Approach
Authors: Useini Dritan , Haldenwang Peter , Schlömicher Markus , Christ Hildegard , Naraghi Hamid , Moustafine Vadim , Strauch Justus 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background We have aimed to analyze early and mid-term outcomes of patients undergoing transapical/transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TA-/TF-TAVI) for aortic stenosis and porcelain aorta (PAo) in our institution. Additionally, we postulated that the TA approach may be associated with a more favorable neurological outcome than the TF approach; hence, a systematic literature review was conducted.
Methods Between 2011 and 2017, 15 patients with PAo underwent TA-TAVI and 4 patients with PAo TF-TAVI at our institution. The assessment of PAo was done either intraoperatively after aborted sternotomy or via computed tomography for elective TAVI. We conducted mid-term follow-up. Furthermore, a systematic review was performed to compare the mortality and neurological outcomes of TF and TA-TAVI approaches.
Results TA/TF-TAVIs were performed with 100% device success, without paravalvular leakage ≥ 2 and without procedural death. The 30-day mortality/stroke rates were 6.6%/0% in TA-TAVI and 0%/25% in TF-TAVI, respectively. The 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival rates were in TA/TF-TAVI 93%/75%, 82%/66.6%, and 50%/0%, respectively.The pooled results derived from the literature review were as follows: The prevalence of PAo in the TAVI population is 9.74%; the mean logistic EuroSCORE is 41.9% in TA-TAVI versus 16.2% in TF-TAVI; the mean 30-day mortality is 5.9% in TA-TAVI versus 6.3% in TF-TAVI, and the mean stroke is 0.8% in TA-TAVI versus 9% in TF-TAVI.
Conclusion TA-TAVI shows promising early and mid-term outcomes in patients with PAo. TF-TAVI performed in patients with PAo is likely to be associated with higher rates of stroke than TA-TAVI.
When international case-law meets national law
Authors: Peruzzo Katia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is an international
court set up in 1959 with the aim of ruling on applications alleging violations
of the rights enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights. The Court’s
official languages are English and French, which are also used for delivering
and publishing its judgments. In order to decide on the single cases, the ECtHR
needs to discuss and recall national and international legislation. This leaves
“traces” in the Court’s judgments. The focus of this paper is on one possible
type of such traces, i.e. loan words referring to Italian legal concepts and
institutions. The paper presents a case study conducted on a corpus of ECtHR
judgments published in English. The aims are to propose a methodology for the
semi-automatic extraction of loan words and to analyse them in the light of
translation techniques.
The challenge of multilingual ‘plain language’ in
translation-mediated Swiss administrative communication
Authors: Felici Annarita , Griebel Cornelia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Barrier-free communication should be an institutional priority
when drafting administrative texts. These not only deal with legal content, but
they often address the lay citizen and may provide general information on
services and reforms or simply instruct on a specific procedure to be followed.
Our study investigates Swiss insurance leaflets in three languages (French,
German and Italian) and aims at evaluating language clarity on the basis of
‘plain language’ guidelines, thus also considering the translation variable.
However, our preliminary results show that ‘plain communication’ is not always
the case. We applied a quantitative and qualitative triangulation methodology: firstly, we measured readability with the help of readability indices; subsequently, we used computational tools to highlight common linguistic gaps whose quality was also explored manually by taking textual aspects into account.
Comments on ‘Effect of obstacle strength and spacing on the slope of Haasen plot’
Authors: Krishnaswamy Hariharan 
Published: June 2019

In a recent paper, Mishra et al. [Effect of obstacle strength and spacing on the slope of Haasen plot. Mater Sci Technol. 2019;1–6. doi: 10.1080/02670836.2019.1567043 ], discrepancy between theoretical and experimental results in the slope of the Haasen plot between pure metals and alloys were reported. The discrepancy arises from a common belief that when Haasen plot for pure metals is extended to metals with multiple strengthening mechanisms, the inverse of activation volume components can be linearly superposed. It is conjectured that the slope of the Haasen plot should remain the same for both the pure metals and alloys, as it is governed only by dislocation–dislocation interaction. The purpose of this note is to clarify that the conjecture of invariant Haasen slope is only a special case.
Expression levels of selected cytokines and microRNAs in response to vitamin D supplementation in ultra‐marathon runners
Authors: Pastuszak‐Lewandoska D. , Domańska‐Senderowska D. , Kiszałkiewicz J. , Szmigielska P. , Snochowska A. , Ratkowski W. , Spieszny M. , Klocek T. , Godlewski P. , Cięszczyk P. , Brzeziańska‐Lasota E. , September A. V. , Laguette M. J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUltra‐marathon (UM) running is an extreme endurance exercise. However, the mechanisms triggered with its practice remain unclear. While it is documented that strenuous physical activity activates immune responses and vitamin D plays a role in immune system suppression, data on the relationship between vitamin D status and cytokine profile in athletic populations are limited. To analyse the relative mRNA expression levels of selected pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐17, TNF‐α), COX‐2, vitamin D receptor and abundance of selected inflammatory microRNAs (Hsa‐miR‐21, ‐miR‐146a, ‐miR‐150, ‐miR‐155, ‐miR‐222, ‐miR‐223) before and after a 100 km race in amateur runners in the presence or absence of vitamin D supplementation. Twenty runners aged 36–40years were divided into two groups: with and without vitamin D3 supplementation (10,000units daily). Blood samples were collected before and 12 h after the UM. The mRNA expression levels of selected cytokines, COX‐2 and VDR in peripheral blood and abundance of serum exosomal miRNAs were investigated using q‐RT‐PCR. After UM, the significant up‐regulation of TNF‐α and hsa‐miR‐155 and down‐regulation of IL‐1β were observed in the group with vitamin D supplementation. In its absence, hsa‐miR‐155 and ‐miR‐223 were significantly up‐regulated. Additionally, a reverse correlation was observed between IL‐6 expression level and abundance of hsa‐miR‐155 and ‐miR‐223 in both groups. No statistical differences were noted when the other miRNAs and genes were examined in the groups and at the time points. The UM‐induced mRNA expression pattern of pro‐inflammatory cytokines could be influenced by vitamin D supplementation and/or miRNA.
The EEE MRPC telescopes as tracking tools to monitor building stability with cosmic muons
Authors: Abbrescia M. , Avanzini C. , Baldini L. , Ferroli R. Baldini , Batignani L.G. , Battaglieri M. , Boi S. , Bossini E. , Carnesecchi F. , Cicalo C. , Cifarelli L. , Coccetti F. , Coccia E. , Corvaglia A. , Gruttola D. De , Pasquale S. De , Fabbri L. , Galante L. , Galeotti P. , Garbini M. , Gemme G. , Gnesi I. , Grazzi S. , Hatzifotiadou D. , Rocca P. La , Liu Z. , Mandaglio G. , Maron G. , Mazziotta M.N. , Mulliri A. , Nania R. , Noferini F. , Nozzoli F. , Palmonari F. , Panareo M. , Panetta M.P. , Paoletti R. , Pellegrino C. , Perasso L. , Pinto C. , Piragino G. , Pisano S. , Riggi F. , Righini G.C. , Ripoli C. , Rizzi M. , Sartorelli G. , Scapparone E. , Schioppa M. , Scribano A. , Selvi M. , Serri G. , Squarcia S. , Taiuti M. , Terreni G. , Trifiró A. , Trimarchi M. , Vistoli M.C. , Votano L. , Williams M.C.S. , Zichichi A. , Zuyeuski R. 
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the possibility to employ the Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project as muon tracking detectors to monitor the long term stability of civil buildings and structures when used in conjunction with additional detectors, to reconstruct the average direction of the cosmic muon tracks passing through both devices and any small variation over long time acquisition periods. The performance of such setup is discussed and preliminary experimental coincidence results obtained with a 40× 60 cm2scintillator detector operated in the same building with one of the EEE telescopes, at about 15 m vertical distance from it, are presented. Simple Monte Carlo and GEANT simulations were also carried out to evaluate typical acceptance values for the operating conditions employed so far, to extrapolate to other geometrical configurations, and to evaluate multiple scattering effects.
Influence of the roughness on surface geometry of rolling contacts
Authors: Benchea M , Creţu S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The topography of the active surfaces in rolling contact depends on the surface roughness obtained by different manufacturing process technology (turning, grinding, polishing, lapping, etc.). The aim of this paper work is to evidence the influence of the surface roughness on surface geometry of rolling contacts. The experimental tests were carried out on the AMSLER machine and an experimental setup for pure rolling motion. The surfaces of the rolling samples were analyzed with SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) techniques for structural and chemical analysis and measured with the Taylor Hobson profilometer before and after the experimental tests for surface topography.
Twist static friction and creep between UHMWPE and bovine skin for human exoprosthesis
Authors: Subhi K A , Tudor A , Călin A , Hussein E , Chisiu G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The twist static friction and the creep behavior of bovine skin in contact with Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) indenters were studied by employing both theoretical and experimental methods. Loads (1 and 2 N) were applied to bovine skin using different indenter shapes. Moreover, the creep area and the coefficient of static friction were also discussed and analysed for different time durations. The experimental and theoretical results showed that the Voight-Kelvin rheological model could be used to represent the mechanical response of the cattle skin. As a conclusion, the creep parameter and the coefficient of static friction of bovine skin increased in time. For the circular indenter, the creep area was higher than in the case of the other shapes.
The study provides a base for more investigations on cattle skin behavior in order to be utilized on a rigid support (UHMWPE) as a new solution for “exoprosthesis support”.
Virtual robot arm controlled by hand gestures via Leap Motion Sensor
Authors: Rusanu O A , Cristea L , Luculescu M C , Cotfas P A , Cotfas D T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a LabVIEW instrument aimed to design and control a 3D virtual robot arm using hand gestures translated into commands with the help of Leap Motion Controller. In order to acquire signals and translate them into basic swipe gesture commands, a LabVIEW toolkit was used. The application is useful for providing assistance for people with disabilities who cannot move or lack strong muscle strength. They can use the virtual simulation for training purpose in order to achieve the ability to control a real robot arm. Moreover, they have a visual feedback that sustains and adjusts their movements. The 3D model is a robot arm placed on a flat surface. Translation along two perpendicular directions in the base plan is allowed and also the rotation of its joints. The virtual robot arm can provide several benefits regarding moving to a target, grasping it and bringing it to the patient.