bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Regulation of Intestinal Flora by Danggui‐Shaoyao‐San and Improvement of Cognitive Impairment in Mice With Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wang Ya‐Han , Ding Peng‐Li , Zhang Kai‐Xin , Xu Xiang‐Qing , Li He 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe abnormal central glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is related to the brain–gut axis. This study aims to explore the target of Danggui‐Shaoyao‐San (DSS) in improving cognitive impairment.MethodThis study analyzed the differences in mice intestinal flora by 16S rRNA sequencing. The cognitive protective effects of DSS were observed through the Morris water maze and the new object recognition. The mitigation effects of DSS on Aβ and p‐tau, regulatory effects on glucose metabolism targets, and intestinal structure effects were observed through brain and colon slices staining. The differences in neural ultrastructure were compared by transmission electron microscopy.FindingThe results showed that DSS affected the composition of intestinal dominant bacteria and bacteria genera and regulated the abundance of intestinal bacteria in AD mice. DSS improved the behavior of AD mice, alleviated the deposition of AD pathological products in the brain and colon, regulated the expression of glycometabolism‐related proteins, and improved the colon barrier structure and neural ultrastructure in the brain of mice with AD.ConclusionOur findings suggest that DSS may affect AD central glucose metabolism and improve cognition by regulating the gut–brain axis.
Exploring the Association Between Cognitive Decline and Triglyceride‐Glucose Index: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ghondaghsaz Elina , Khalaji Amirmohammad , Mahalleh Mehrdad , Masrour Mahdi , Mohammadi Parsa , Cannavo Alessandro , Behnoush Amir Hossein 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCognitive decline and dementia are debilitating conditions that compromise the quality of life and charge the healthcare system with a substantial socioeconomic burden. In this context, emerging evidence supports an association between the triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG), a surrogate insulin resistance marker, and cognitive decline and dementia. Hence, we systematically reviewed the studies assessing the TyG index in patients with cognitive decline and their controls.MethodsOnline international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science) were searched comprehensively for studies showing the TyG index in patients with cognitive decline/impairment. Random‐effect meta‐analyses were conducted to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD), pooled odds ratio (OR), and pooled area under the curve (AUC), in addition to 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the comparisons of groups.ResultsSeventeen studies were included in our analysis. Then, we conducted a meta‐analysis, demonstrating that patients with cognitive decline had significantly higher levels of TyG index than those without (SMD 0.83, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.50, p = 0.015). Moreover, our data showed that a 1‐unit increase in the TyG index was associated with higher odds of cognitive decline (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.86, 95% CI 1.49 to 5.50, p = 0.002). Further, we observed that patients in the fourth TyG quartile with higher values of the TyG index than the first quartile presented with more increased cognitive decline (aOR 1.62, 95%CI 1.11 to 2.38, p = 0.013). Finally, pooled AUC data for the diagnostic performance of the TyG index resulted in an overall AUC value of 0.73 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.79). Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated as 0.695 and 0.687, respectively.ConclusionThis study supports the clinical utility of the TyG index in patients with cognitive decline and solicits more focused studies to consolidate its usage in clinical settings and real‐world practice.
Detached pyloric gland adenoma of gallbladder: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Khalaf Mohamed H. , Mohamed Lina M. , Al‐Zoubi Raed M. , Zarour Ahmad , Ghali Mohamed Said 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageVigilant intraoperative inspection is crucial during gallbladder surgery to detect any abnormal tissue including the rare pyloric gland adenomas, which can be easily missed. Thorough examination and removal of unusual lymph nodes or thickened tissues are essential to prevent the risk of malignant transformation and ensure comprehensive patient care.AbstractPyloric gland adenomas are uncommon tumors that can be discovered in various organs such as the stomach, gallbladder, and pancreas. Typically lacking noticeable symptoms, these tumors are categorized into subtypes, with the pyloric variant being the most frequent. The term “intracholecystic papillary‐tubular neoplasms (ICPN)” is used to emphasize growth patterns and associated risks. In a discussed case, a detached pyloric gland adenoma was identified incidentally during a cholecystectomy procedure. A 58‐year‐old obese male presented with upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He was diagnosed with early cholecystitis caused by gallstones. Subsequently, during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a detached adenoma was discovered. Vigilant screening is crucial, as the identification of gallbladder pyloric gland adenomas is a rare occurrence that might be missed during gallbladder surgery. Any unusual lymph nodes or thickened tissues found in association with the gallbladder ought to be carefully removed, as they could potentially indicate detached gallbladder adenomas with a significant risk of becoming malignant. Failing to consider this possibility may subject the patient to prolonged risks if not meticulously examined.
Successful use of single‐port laparoscopic surgery for ovarian cyst removal on postpartum day two after vaginal delivery
Authors: Yang Zhou , Jiao Jun , Li Mingbao 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis report describes a single‐port laparoscopic approach for giant ovarian cystectomy tailored for postpartum patients. For asymptomatic giant ovarian cysts reaching full term, timely postpartum single‐port laparoscopic surgery may confer benefits by utilizing physiological alterations to mitigate risks and enhance surgical outcomes.
A Practical Framework Integrating Two‐Way Chemometric Methods With Three‐Way Ones for the Analysis of Hyphenated Chromatographic Data of Complex Systems
Authors: Tang Zhang‐Feng , Wei Wei‐Wei , Wang Zhi‐Guo , Du Wen , Chen Zeng‐Ping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHyphenated chromatographic techniques are widely used to analyze and characterize complex samples. Chemometric methods are generally needed to extract the qualitative and quantitative information of the target analytes from complex hyphenated chromatographic data. However, neither two‐way nor three‐way chemometric methods are efficient enough in analyzing hyphenated chromatographic data with both severe peak overlapping and retention time shift across samples. To address this issue, a practical framework was proposed herein. It consists of three chemometric algorithms, that is, (1) “fix‐sized moving window evolving target spectral projection” for locating the possible peak positions of the target analytes, (2) “target identification based on singular value comparison” for determining whether the identified peaks are indeed the chromatographic peaks of the target analytes, and (3) “fix‐sized moving window evolving trilinear decomposition” for obtaining the quantitative results of the target analytes. Experimental results on the GC‐MS data sets of mixture samples of 10 compounds verified that the proposed framework could deal with the problems of both severe peak overlapping and retention time shift across samples. The proposed framework has the advantages of simplicity in concept, easy implementation, and good performance and hence is expected to be a competitive alternative to existing methods for the analysis of hyphenated chromatographic data of complex samples.
Cyclic Ruthenium(II)−Halocarbon Complexes Derived from Ru(II)‐Induced Cyclization of Homopropargylic Halopyridines: Mechanism, Bonding and Reactivity
Authors: Yeung Chi‐Fung , Tang Sik‐Him , Shek Hau‐Lam , Yiu Shek‐Man , Wong Chun‐Yuen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe activation of various homopropargylic pyridines by cis‐[RuII/OsII(dppm)2Cl2] (dppm=1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) has previously been shown to generate a diverse array of metallacycles and metalated heterocyclic complexes. However, a minor structural modification of introducing a halide onto the pyridyl group of the alkyne substrate resulted in the formation of unprecedented Ru(II)/Os(II)−haloquinolizine complexes. These complexes display (1) κ2(X,C)‐haloquinolizine chelates arising from the cycloisomerization of HC≡CC(OH)(CH2(6‐X‐2‐py))(Ph) on [RuII/OsII(dppm)2]2+ moieties via a vinylidene pathway, (2) five‐membered Ru/Os−X−C−N−C rings (X=F, Cl, Br) ortho‐ and peri‐fused to quinolizinium skeletons, and (3) uncommon M−X−R bonding interactions that are atypical in coordination complexes. Despite being divalent and integrated into a five‐membered Ru−X−C−N−C ring system, the X atoms in the Ru(II) complexes are susceptible to substitution by O in the presence of −OH, resulting in the formation of quinolizinium‐fused ruthenaoxazole complexes. Overall, this work highlights the importance of considering metal−halocarbon bonding interactions in catalytic or coordination designs.
Targeted therapies for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): State‐of‐the‐art and future prospects
Authors: Satish Smera , Athavale Maithili , Kharkar Prashant S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive and lethal forms of brain cancer, characterized by rapid growth and resistance to conventional therapies. The present review explores the latest advancements in targeted therapies for GBM, emphasizing the critical role of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), blood‐brain‐tumor barrier, tumor microenvironment, and genetic mutations in influencing treatment outcomes. The impact of the key hallmarks of GBM, for example, chemoresistance, hypoxia, and the presence of glioma stem cells on the disease progression and multidrug resistance are discussed in detail. The major focus is on the innovative strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges, such as the use of monoclonal antibodies, small‐molecule inhibitors, and novel drug delivery systems designed to enhance drug penetration across the BBB. Additionally, the potential of immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors and vaccine‐based approaches, to improve patient prognosis was explored. Recent clinical trials and preclinical studies are reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future prospects in GBM treatment. The integration of advanced computational models and personalized medicine approaches is also considered, aiming to tailor therapies to individual patient profiles for better efficacy. Overall, while significant progress has been made in understanding and targeting the complex biology of GBM, continued research and clinical innovation are imperative to develop more effective and sustainable therapeutic options for patients battling this formidable disease.
Long‐term cardiovascular outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related myocarditis: A large single‐centre analysis
Authors: Braghieri Lorenzo , Gharaibeh Ahmad , Nkashama Lubika , Abushouk Abdelrahman , Abushawer Osama , Mehdizadeh‐Shrifi Amir , Honnekeri Bianca , Calabrese Cassandra , Menon Venu , Funchain Pauline , Collier Patrick , Sadler Diego , Moudgil Rohit 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are the cornerstone of modern oncology; however, side effects such as ICI‐related myocarditis (irM) can be fatal. Recently, Bonaca proposed criteria for irM; however, it is unknown if they correlate well with cardiovascular (CV) ICI‐related adverse events. Additionally, whether incident irM portends worse long‐term CV outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to determine the incidence of long‐term CV comorbidities and CV mortality among irM patients.Patients and methodsThe ICI‐related adverse event (irAE) registry was queried to identify irM patients by using Bonaca criteria. Random controls were selected after excluding patients with other concomitant irAEs. Patients' demographics, comorbidities and myocarditis presenting features were gathered. Outcomes included 2‐year freedom from CV comorbidities (composite of atrial fibrillation, stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure) and freedom from CV death. IrM was treated as a time‐varying covariate.ResultsSeventy‐six patients developed irM at a median of 167 days (mean age 69, 63.2% male, 47% lung cancer). Majority of patients had new wall motion abnormalities or EKG changes on presentation. Mean LVEF was 43%, median peak TnT was 0.81, and median NTproBNP was 2057 at irM onset. Two‐year freedom from CV comorbidities (67% vs 86.8%, P < 0.001) and death (93.4% vs 99.3%, P = 0.003) was lower among irM patients. Incident irM was an independent predictor of CV death (HR 8.28, P = 0.048), but not CV comorbidities (HR 2.21, P = 0.080).ConclusionsThis is the largest case–control study on irM highlighting worse long‐term CV outcomes. Future studies are needed to establish appropriate therapeutic strategies and efficient screening strategies for irM survivors.
Dynamical Simulation for Long‐Time Relaxation From Metastable States: Quantitative Estimation of Coercive Field and Relaxation Time
Authors: Nishino Masamichi , Miyashita Seiji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe bistability of spin‐transition materials is the origin of their multifunctional properties. It causes hysteresis phenomena, i. e., relaxation from a metastable state, of the spin (electronic) state, magnetization, etc. The collapse of a strong metastable state is a long‐time relaxation phenomenon. To study such nonequilibrium dynamical phenomenon, time evolution dynamics analyses are important. However, it is difficult to estimate long‐time relaxation phenomena by studying time evolution dynamics simulations due to the limitation of the simulation time. Furthermore, because the relaxation occurs in a stochastic process, a wide distribution of the relaxation time has to be considered in the analysis of the relaxation. To overcome these difficulties, we recently developed two methods for the quantitative estimation of the relaxation time from a metastable magnetic state and of the coercive field. In the first method, the relaxation time and coercive field are estimated using the survival (unrelaxed) probability of the ensemble of systems at each field, which extends the limitation of the simulation time. In the second method, they are estimated from the field‐dependent free energy barrier obtained from the survival probability under a sweeping field. These methods are applicable to the estimation of the relaxation time and coercive field of any magnetic particles. In this paper, staring with the Stoner–Wohlfarth model, the difference in the characteristic features of the magnetization reversal dynamics between zero and finite temperatures is discussed. Then, the methods of quantitative estimation of the coercive field and relaxation time are presented. The estimation of them using a neodymium permanent magnet grain was demonstrated with the two methods, and the methodological features and the validity of the estimation were discussed. The present study has a common theme to general metastable states including spin transitions.
Mechanistic Insight Into the Release Kinetics of d‐Limonene From Electrosprayed Alyssum homolocarpum Seed Gum Nanoparticles at Simulated Mouth Conditions
Authors: Khoshakhlagh Khadije , Mohebbi Mohebbat , Koocheki Arash , Allafchian Alireza 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed at investigating and modelling the release behaviour of encapsulated d‐limonene from electrosprayed Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum (AHSG) nanoparticles. For this purpose, release profiles of d‐limonene from 10% or 20% loaded nanocapsules were obtained in deionised water and simulated mouth conditions by a spectrophotometric method. The experimental results showed that complete release takes ranging between 7 and 15 min, depending on the d‐limonene loading and type of release medium. A gradual increase in the flavour release rate over time without initial burst revealed there are several phenomena involved in the release process due to the hydrophilic nature of AHSG nanocapsules. Based on these findings, a mechanistic approach modelled flavour diffusion as a transport process of combined matrix swelling and erosion mechanisms. The model parameters were obtained via best fitting procedure applying simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The good correlation between the predicted and experimental results of d‐limonene release confirmed validation of the developed model. The simulation results showed that although matrix erosion contributes more than diffusion process in d‐limonene release from AHSG nanocapsules, the model describing the release mechanism as only governed by the erosion is not able to provide accurate predictions of flavour release as compared to the coupled model.
Different Plant Parts Induce Variances in the Production of Fennel Essential Oil
Authors: Khalid Khalid A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEssential oil from fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is a useful source of natural raw materials due to its biological characteristics; therefore, it is used in the pharmaceutical and food preservation sectors. Plant parts have a major impact on the physiology, metabolism, synthesis and variability of essential oils. The aim of this investigation was to describe the essential oil composition of fennel, which was produced from leaves, umbels, verdant fruits and ripe fruits. It is clear that the highest levels of essential oil output (1.79% or 1.21 g plant−1) were produced by ripe fruits, afterwards, verdant fruits (0.79% or 0.30 g plant−1), then leaves or umbels (0.24% or 0.10 g plant−1). The principal constituents of fennel essential oil that were extracted from different portions were estragole (118.80–964.81 mg 100 g−1), limonene (128.02–681.99 mg 100 g−1), fenchone (8.16–30.43 mg 100 g−1) and γ‐terpinene (18.00–34.01 mg 100 g−1); while the majority belonged to the class of oxygenated monoterpenes (130.56–1016.72 mg 100 g−1). Essential oil obtained from ripe fruits resulted in the greatest values of major components and major chemical class. This study indicated that differences in fennel essential oil were caused by the subordination of fennel plants to plant parts, and hence, its biological activities were impacted.
Effect of Drying Time and Frying Conditions on the Quality of Pork Rinds by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Shang‐Ta , Lin Hong‐Ting Victor , Syu Yu‐Jin , Sung Wen‐Chieh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFried pork rind, a processed pork by‐product, is popular as a snack globally, prized for its distinctive flavor and crisp texture achieved through frying. Although various studies have examined processing factors such as thickness, moisture content, and brine concentration, there is a scarcity of research addressing the effect of frying temperature on the quality of fried pork rinds. In the present study, the effects of varying hot air drying times (12, 18, and 24 h at 50°C), traditional deep‐fat frying temperatures (180°C, 195°C, and 210°C), and frying durations (3, 4, and 5 min) on the oil content, moisture content, breaking force, color, puffing ratio, and microstructural appearance of pork rinds were evaluated. The results revealed a significant correlation between frying temperature and time with the oil content of the pork rinds. The oil content and puffing ratio peaked at approximately 195°C. Moreover, the breaking force of the pork rinds decreased with increased frying time at 180°C, while the opposite trend was observed at 210°C.
Future Energy Breakthroughs: Implications for the Hydrocarbon Economies of the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Cochrane Logan , Mohannadi Dhabia Al , Shannak Sa'd , Wada Yoshihide , Eisa Esra Al , Hejazi Mohamad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCountries in the Arabian Gulf are reliant upon hydrocarbons for revenues, exports, industries and funding services. It is largely assumed that the global energy transition will be gradual, as reflected in planning and strategy documents. However, energy breakthroughs can change the global energy system. This Perspective article seeks to provoke a discussion about potential energy breakthroughs, the plausibility of their rapid expansion at scale, and the implications they may have for the hydrocarbon economies in the Arabian Gulf. Based upon feasibility, scalability, and adoption potential energy breakthroughs are outlined, their probability are assessed, and potential impacts on the hydrocarbon economics of the region are evaluated. The calls to actions are concluded with aim to support the region to be better prepared to track breakthroughs, and be proactively engaged to benefit from them. These include: 1) annual regional research‐policy interface meetings, 2) tailored research and development funding that fosters regional collaboration, 3) investment into breakthrough technologies and energy transition inputs, and 4) seeking synergy in economic diversification regionally to avoid duplication and counterproductive competition.
Navigating the Political Dangers of Critical Approaches to Sexual Violence Work
Authors: Hurtado Sarah Socorro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the United States, the issue of sexual violence has become increasingly politicized, which poses challenges and dangers for those working toward addressing the root causes of inequity. In this piece, I use scholarly personal narrative to share two of my experiences with conducting work on sexual violence, and how doing so from critical perspectives led to experiences of institutional betrayal. I end the piece with several strategies for resistance.
The Danger of a Single Story: A Case for (Re)Centering Black Women and HIV in Higher Education
Authors: Williams Brittany Marie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough HIV rates are statistically stable, meaning the number of new acquisitions has remained relatively flat, the impact of the epidemic is uneven. Black women between the ages of 13 and 34 are more likely to acquire HIV, suggesting intervention during college is an ideal HIV mitigation strategy. Moreover, far too few Black women who could benefit from biomedical interventions have them or know about them. In this piece, I explore the current landscape and context of HIV and the college environment for Black women, revealing the social, cultural, and epistemic need to restory and better nuance the HIV crisis. I elucidate how and why the college context is a particularly vital space for HIV‐related health equity and the possibilities for transformation through teaching, research, practice, and policies around HIV and Black women.