bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory diagnostics in dementia
Authors: Weber Thomas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough recent evidence seems to suggest a steady or even declining prevalence and incidence of dementias, these disorders pose a tremendous threat to health care and caregivers. The most common, dominant cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease (AD) followed by Levy body dementia (LBD) and vascular dementia (VD). Over the last 25 years, great progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of AD but not yet in its treatment. Advancements have been made by ever improving clinical and paraclinical definitions allowing for a continuously increasing differentiation of the various causes of dementias. Besides imaging, functional imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) is now being increasingly used to define the amyloid loadin vivoin the brain. By the use of tau-specific tracers meaningful tau imaging may be achieved in the future. The discovery of the cleaving mechanisms of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the identification of its major products such as Aβ1−42and Aβ1−40as well the metabolism of tau and its phosphorylation have provided reasonably reliable markers to evaluate their usefulness for the diagnosis of AD, LBD, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), alcohol-related dementia (ARD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), mixed dementia (MD) and others first by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and now, due to the introduction of a digital single molecule array (Simoa), by plasma testing. This promising new technique should open avenues for the laboratory validation of other markers such as neurofilament light chains (NfL), visinin-like protein-1 (VLP-1), heart fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) and YKL-40, facilitating further differentiation of the various forms of dementia thus leading to improved treatment.
Magnetic PbFe12O19-TiO2 nanocomposites and their photocatalytic performance in the removal of toxic pollutants
Authors: Lahijani Behnaz , Hedayati Kambiz , Goodarzi Mojtaba 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this work, the PbFe12O19 nanoparticles were prepared by the simple and optimized precipitation method with different organic surfactants and capping agents. In the next step, the TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method. At the final step, the PbFe12O19-TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared via the sol-gel method. The effect of the precipitating agent on the morphology and particle size of the products was investigated. The prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results obtained by the vibrating sample magnetometer show the magnetic properties of the ferrite nanostructures. The photocatalytic effect of the PbFe12O19-TiO2 nanocomposite on the elimination of the azo dyes (acid black, acid violet and acid blue) under ultraviolet light irradiation was evaluated. The results indicate that the prepared nanocomposites have acceptable magnetic and photocatalytic performance.
Power-efficient generation of two-octave mid-IR frequency combs in a germanium microresonator
Authors: Guo Yuhao , Wang Jing , Han Zhaohong , Wada Kazumi , Kimerling Lionel C. , Agarwal Anuradha M. , Michel Jurgen , Zheng Zheng , Li Guifang , Zhang Lin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Octave-spanning frequency comb generation in the deep mid-infrared (>5.5 μm) typically requires a high pump power, which is challenging because of the limited power of narrow linewidth lasers at long wavelengths. We propose twofold dispersion engineering for a Ge-on-Si microcavity to enable both dispersion flattening and dispersion hybridization over a wide band from 3.5 to 10 μm. A two-octave mode-locked Kerr frequency comb can be generated from 2.3 to 10.2 μm, with a pump power as low as 180 mW. It has been shown that dispersion flattening greatly enhances the spectral broadening of the generated comb, whereas dispersion hybridization improves its spectral flatness.
Programmable multifunctional integrated nanophotonics
Authors: Pérez Daniel , Gasulla Ivana , Capmany José 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Programmable multifunctional integrated nanophotonics (PMIN) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that can be elaborated for basic or more complex operations in many application fields. The interest in PMIN is driven by the surge of a considerable number of emerging applications in the fields of telecommunications, quantum information processing, sensing and neurophotonics that will be calling for flexible, reconfigurable, low-cost, compact and low-power-consuming devices, much in the same way as how field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices operate in electronics. The success of PMIN relies on the research into suitable interconnection hardware architectures that can offer a very high spatial regularity as well as the possibility of independently setting (with a very low power consumption) the interconnection state of each connecting element. Integrated waveguide meshes provide regular and periodic geometries, formed by replicating a unit cell, which can take the form of a square, hexagon or triangle, among other configurations. Each side of the cell is formed by two integrated waveguides connected by means of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) or a tunable directional coupler that can be operated by means of an output control signal as a crossbar switch or as a variable coupler with independent power division ratio and phase shift. In this paper, we review the recent advances reported in the field of PMIN and, especially, in those based on integrated photonic waveguide meshes, both from the theoretical as well as from the experimental point of view. We pay special attention to outlining the design principles, material platforms, synthesis algorithms and practical constraints of these structures and discuss their applicability to different fields.
The effect of in-line foam generation on foam quality and sheet formation in foam forming
Authors: Koponen Antti , Jäsberg Ari , Lappalainen Timo , Kiiskinen Harri 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFoam forming has recently attracted increasing interest due to the paper industry’s continual efforts to find new possibilities to minimize raw material consumption, and to improve energy and water efficiency. Foam forming is also thought to be a possible solution to the industry’s need to widen its product portfolio with novel and more valuable products. In foam forming, foam properties (air content, bubble size and half-life) are obviously key process variables, but there are only a few studies in which their effect on the sheet properties have been studied in pilot conditions. Moreover, all previous studies have used foam generated in stirring tanks, and there are hitherto no studies in which in-line foam generation has been considered. In this paper both these gaps are filled with experiments performed in VTT’s pilot foam forming environment. The combination of tank and in-line generation was found to work well in foam forming, providing extra flexibility for foam generation and decreasing surfactant needs. The results show that foam forming generally improves formation, but the foam quality can have a significant effect on sheet properties.
Recent advances in the rational synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Scarabelli Leonardo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The field of plasmonics has grown at an incredible pace in the last couple of decades, and the synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic plasmonic materials remains highly dynamic. The engineering of nanoparticle optical and electronic properties has resulted in important consequences for several scientific fields, including energy, medicine, biosensing, and electronics. However, the full potential of plasmonics has not yet been realized due to crucial challenges that remain in the field. In particular, the development of nanoparticles with new plasmonic properties and surface chemistries could enable the rational design of more complex architectures capable of performing advanced functions, like cascade reactions, energy conversion, or signal transduction. The scope of this short review is to highlight the most recent developments in the synthesis and self-assembly of anisotropic metal nanoparticles, which are capable of bringing forward the next generation of plasmonic materials.
Qualification and Performance Evaluation of an Automated System for Compounding Injectable Cytotoxic Drugs
Authors: Carrez Laurent , Martin Vincent , Verrey Anne Sophie , Furrer Pascal , Bouchoud Lucie , Falaschi Ludivine , Bonnabry Pascal 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Use of automated systems for the production of chemotherapy will increase in answer to hospitals’ needs to rationalise production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of a PharmaHelp® automated system for compounding chemotherapy.

Methods
Viable and non viable particles in air and liquid were measured by particle counter. Surface chemical contamination was simulated with a quinine solution. Microbiological contamination and aseptic processes were studied using media-fill tests. Dose accuracy was evaluated using a gravimetric method, in simulation studies and with real products in daily practice. Productivity was calculated by batch of ten IV-bags.

Results
No particles or microbiological contamination were detected. Filling was accurate for all the volumes of non-viscous solution studied (97–103 %). Minimum volumes which could be prepared accurately were 2 mL and 5 mL for the non-viscous and viscous solutions, respectively. For 2–5 mL volumes, the robot was less accurate than average, and 0–2 % of bags were rejected (deviation>10 %). Average fill deviations were from 0–3 % for 2–5 mL volumes and<1 % for volumes above 5 mL. Average production time for ten bags was 61±11 min.

Conclusions
The automated system was able to produce chemotherapy effectively, delivering appropriate quality with productivity comparable to manual preparations. These results confirmed that such automated systems have the potential to guarantee optimal safety for patients and technicians.
Electrophilic substitution in the d-metal hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix systems
Authors: Mikhailov Oleg V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractData of electrophilic substitution processes proceeding into thed-metal hexacyanoferrate(II) gelatin-immobilized matrix systems when they are in contact with aqueous solutions of chlorides ofd-elements have been systematized and generalized. The bibliography includes 94 references.
Difficulties in the Diagnosis of Inclusion Body Myositis-Case Report
Authors: Bazic Danijela , Todorovic Zeljko , Toncev Gordana , Veselinovic Mirjana , Tomic Lucic Aleksandra 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Inclusion body myositis belongs to the group of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Two processes, one autoimmune and the other degenerative, appear to occur in parallel. There are two forms of inclusion body myositis, hereditary and sporadic.
Case report: 47-year-old woman with muscle weakness and atrophy of the distal and proximal muscles, and involvement of quadriceps and deep finger flexors was admitted for neuromuscular evaluation. These changes have been started gradually and insidiously over three years. Electromyography findings were nonspecific and for this reason in the beginning of the disease it was misdiagnosed as demyelization peripheral neuropathy. Muscle biopsy, with the presence of characteristic structures such as rimmed vacuoles and amyloid deposits definitely confirmed the diagnosis of inclusion body myositis. Conclusion: There are several difficulties in the diagnosis of inclusion body myositis as nonspecific EMG findings and overreliance on electrophysiology and lack of the cardinal histological features in muscle biopsy. Although this disease is rare and incurable, making the correct diagnosis is crucial to directing the patient to physical therapy for weakness and occupational therapy to improve a patient’s ability in activities of daily living.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Some Species of the Genus Galium L. Galium Verum and Mollugo
Authors: Bradic Jovana , Petkovic Anica , Tomovic Marina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Galium verum L. and Galium mollugo L. are perennial herbaceous plants, belonging to the Rubiaceae family. Several classes of bioactive compounds, such as iridoid glycosides, phenolic compounds, anthraquinones and triterpenes, as well as small amounts of tannins, saponins, essential oils have been isolated from Galium species so far. Plants belonging to this genus have a long history of use in a traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases and conditions. Th e main application of G. verum is as diuretic, choleretic and as the treatment for gout and epilepsy. On the other hand, G. mollugo has been used to treat hysteria, epilepsy, as vulnerary. Over the past decades, numerous papers have been published referring to the chemical constituents presented in G. verum and G. mollugo extracts. Additionally, chemical composition and pharmacological effects of G. verum have been investigated, however data related to the effects of G. mollugo is limited. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of G. verum and G. mollugo. Finally, we proposed directions for future research in this field, which can improve our understanding of the potential health benefits of Galium species.
Importance of biochemical parameters in order to predict clinical severity in patients diagnosed with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
Authors: Sagmak Tartar Ayse , Özer Balin Safak , Çatak Zekiye , Akbulut Ayhan , Demirdag Kutbeddin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to investigate new biochemical indicators to predict the clinical course of patients following the diagnosis of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF).

Material and methods
We retrospectively evaluated patients diagnosed with CCHF. They were divided into three groups based on a scoring system known as severity grading score in order to predict severity. Red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamyl transferase (GGT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated on the first day of admission. These biochemical parameters may predict the clinical course of our three patient groups.

Results
In our study, there were 38 (70.4%) male and 16 (29.6%) female patients, and the mean age was 44.33±16.94 years. Based on our scoring system, 17 (31.4%), 30 (55.5%) and 7 (12.9%) patients were in group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Statistically significant difference was observed between groups 1–3 and groups 2–3 for ALP values; however, a statistically significant difference was observed among all three groups for GGT values. Significant differences were not observed among the groups for RDW, MPW, CPK and CRP levels (p>0.05).

Conclusion
ALP and GGT values can be used as auxiliary indicators to predict the clinical course for patients with CCHF. However, CPK, CRP, MPV and RDW values were not observed to be important for prognosis.
Co-Flowing Jet Control Using Lip Thickness Variation
Authors: Shankar R. Naren , Thanigaiarasu S. , Elangovan S. , Rathakrishnan E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The control of co-flowing jets by varying lip thickness has been studied experimentally. Lip thickness is defined as the thickness of primary nozzle wall separating primary jet and secondary jet at the co-flowing nozzle exit. Co-flowing jets from a primary nozzle of diameter 10 mm (1.0 Dp) and a secondary duct with lip thickness (LT) 0.2 Dp, 1.0 Dp and 1.5 Dp at Mach numbers 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 have been studied. Jet centreline total pressure decay, static pressure variation and jet mixing behaviour were analysed. The results show that the mixing of the co-flowing jet with substantial values of lip thickness is superior to the co-flowing jets with comparatively lower values of lip thickness. Co-flowing jets with lip thickness 1.0 Dp and 1.5 Dp experience a significantly higher mixing than the lip thickness 0.2 Dp jet, for all Mach numbers analyzed in the present study. Moreover, in the case of correctly expanded jets, the local static pressure is assumed to be equal to atmospheric pressure. This assumption becomes invalid for co-flowing jets with substantial lip thickness. The centerline static pressure varies sinusoidally above and below atmospheric pressure by a maximum of 11 %, which is due to wake dominance.
Alkaline-earth tri-mercurides A
IIHg3 (A
II=Ca, Sr, Ba): binary intermetallic compounds with a common and a new structure type
Authors: Wendorff Marco , Röhr Caroline 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The alkaline-earth tri-mercurides AHg3 (A=Ca, Sr, Ba) were yielded from stoichiometric melts of the elements in pure phase (in the case of Sr with Sr11Hg54 as a by-product) and their structures were determined by means of single crystal X-ray data. As reported long ago from powder data, CaHg3 and SrHg3 crystallize in the Ni3Sn-type (P63/mmc, a=662.26(2)/689.39(3), c=501.64(2)/510.38(3) pm, Z=2, R1=0.0233/0.0306 for A=Ca/Sr). The structure consists of a hexagonal close packing of ordered layers AHg3 or a dense packing of anti-cuboctahedra [AHg12] (as cation coordination polyhedra, CCP) and [Hg6] octahedra fused via opposite faces to form columns along c. BaHg3 crystallizes in a unique structure type (P4/ncc, a=1193.04(3), c=958.02(5) pm, Z=12, R1=0.0461). It contains three crystallographically different Hg atoms, which form layers of distorted flat square pyramids. In contrast to the layers of the BaAl4-type,

1
5

${1 \over 5}$

of the pyramids are missing. Due to the 45 degree rotation of adjacent layers, the connection between the layers is not a ‘apical-to-apical’ one like in BaAl4, but is established by ‘apical-to-basal’ bonds. Compared to the Ca and Sr compound, the CCPs of the two different Ba atoms, which are embedded between the pyramid layers, are increased to 12+4 and 14+2 (for Hg+Ba). For all title compounds and the Li phase LiHg3, which is isotypic to CaHg3, the electronic band structures were calculated within the framework of the FP-LAPW DFT method. Even though the compounds are metals and exhibit only very slight minima of the tDOS at the Fermi level, the electron transfer from the alkali/alkaline-earth element towards mercury is almost complete. Thus, Coulomb interactions and the optimized size and arrangement of the A CCPs, besides the flexible Hg–Hg bonding within the polyanion, determine the structure formation.
A DFT study on the interaction of small molecules with alkali metal ion-exchanged ETS-10
Authors: Pillai Renjith S. , Jorge Miguel , Gomes José R.B. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we present a systematic quantum-mechanical density functional theory (DFT) study of adsorption of small gas molecules in cation-exchanged Engelhard titanosilicate ETS-10 crystalline materials. Adsorbates with a range of polarities were considered, ranging from polar (H2O), quadrupolar (CO2 and N2), to apolar (CH4) atmospheric gases. Starting from the base-case of Na-ETS-10, other extra framework cations such as Li+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ were considered. The DFT calculations were performed with the M06-L functional and were corrected for basis set superposition error with the counterpoise method in order to provide accurate and robust geometries and adsorption energies. For all adsorbates, the adsorption enthalpies decrease in the order Li+>Na+>K+>Rb+>Cs+, while adsorbate – cation interaction distances increase along the same order. For the two extreme cases, the enthalpies calculated at the M06-L/6-31++G** level of theory for CH4, N2, CO2, and H2O interaction with Li+(Cs+) exchanged materials are −21.8 (−1.7) kJ·mol−1, −19.0 (−10.7) kJ·mol−1, −34.4 (−21.3) kJ·mol−1, and −70.5 (−36.1) kJ·mol−1, respectively. Additionally, the calculated vibrational frequencies are found to be in quite good agreement with the characteristic vibrational modes of alkali metal cation-exchanged ETS-10 and also with the available experimental frequencies for CH4, N2, CO2, and H2O interactions with alkali metal cations in the 12-membered channel of ETS-10.
Shock Waves, Variational Principle and Conservation Laws of a Schamel–Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burgers Equation in a Magnetised Dust Plasma
Authors: EL-Kalaawy O.H. , Ahmed Engy A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this article, we investigate a (3+1)-dimensional Schamel–Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burgers (SZKB) equation, which describes the nonlinear plasma-dust ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) in a magnetised dusty plasma. With the aid of the Kudryashov method and symbolic computation, a set of new exact solutions for the SZKB equation are derived. By introducing two special functions, a variational principle of the SZKB equation is obtained. Conservation laws of the SZKB equation are obtained by two different approaches: Lie point symmetry and the multiplier method. Thus, the conservation laws here can be useful in enhancing the understanding of nonlinear propagation of small amplitude electrostatic structures in the dense, dissipative DIAWs’ magnetoplasmas. The properties of the shock wave solutions structures are analysed numerically with the system parameters. In addition, the electric field of this solution is investigated. Finally, we will study the physical meanings of solutions.
GARCH(1,1) Model of the Financial Market with the Minkowski Metric
Authors: Pincak Richard , Kanjamapornkul Kabin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We solve a stylised fact on a long memory process of the volatility cluster phenomena by using the Minkowski metric for GARCH(1,1) (generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) under the assumption that price and time cannot be separated. We provide a Yang-Mills equation in financial market and an anomaly on superspace of time series data as a consequence of the proof from the general relativity theory. We use an original idea in the Minkowski spacetime embedded in Kolmogorov space in time series data with the behaviour of traders. The result of this work is equivalent to the dark volatility or the hidden risk fear field induced by the interaction of the behaviour of the trader in the financial market panic when the market crashes.
The Incidence of Esophageal Cancer in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Salehiniya Hamid , Hassanipour Soheil , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Mohseni Shokrollah , Joukar Farahnaz , Abdzadeh Elham , Fathalipour Mohammad , Arab-Zozani Morteza 
Published: July 2018

Background: Esophageal Cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer in terms of incidence. Despite various studies, there is no general estimate of EC incidence in Iran. Therefore, the present study is conducted to evaluate the incidence rates of EC in Iran.
Method: A systematic search was conducted on all published studies of EC incidence using Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of sciences, Google scholar, and four Iranian databases (Scientific Information Database, MagIran, IranMedex, and IranDoc) until November 2017. This systematic review was done according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA).
Result: The database, grey literature searches, and hand searching yielded 346 potentially relevant studies. A total of 22 studies were included. The results of the random effect model were demonstrated the age-standardized rate (ASR) of EC was 25.05, 95% CI (20.84 to 29.26) among males and 22.93 95 % CI (18.97-26.88) among females.
Conclusion: In comparison to other geographical locations, the incidence of EC is higher in Iran. However, organized system for collecting data of cancer is required to specify the incidence and trend of EC in Iran.