bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measles outbreak from Hong Kong International Airport to the hospital due to secondary vaccine failure in healthcare workers
Authors: Cheng Vincent C.C. , Wong Shuk-Ching , Wong Sally C.Y. , Sridhar Siddharth , Chen Jonathan H.K. , Yip Cyril C.Y. , Hung Derek L.L. , Li Xin , Chuang Vivien W.M. , Tsang Owen T.Y. , Woo Gibson K.S. , Chuang Shuk-Kwan , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:To report an outbreak of measles with epidemiological link between Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) and a hospital.Methods:Epidemiological investigations, patients’ measles serology, and phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (H) and nucleoprotein (N) genes of measles virus isolates were conducted.Results:In total, 29 HKIA staff of diverse ranks and working locations were infected with measles within 1 month. Significantly fewer affected staff had history of travel than non–HKIA-related measles patients [10 of 29 (34.5%) vs 28 of 35 (80%);P< .01]. Of 9 airport staff who could recall detailed exposure history, 6 (66.7%) had visited self-service food premises at HKIA during the incubation period, where food trays, as observed during the epidemiological field investigation, were not washed after use. Furthermore, 1 airport baggage handler who was admitted to hospital A before rash onset infected 2 healthcare workers (HCWs) known to have 2 doses of MMR vaccination with positive measles IgG and lower viral loads in respiratory specimens. Infections in these 2 HCWs warranted contact tracing of another 168 persons (97 patients and 71 HCWs). Phylogenetic comparison of H and N gene sequences confirmed the clonality of outbreak strains.Conclusion:Despite good herd immunity with overall seroprevalence of >95% against measles, major outbreaks of measles occurred among HKIA staff having daily contact with many international pssengers. Lessons from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and measles outbreaks suggested that an airport can be a strategic epidemic center. Pre-exanthem transmission of measles from airport staff to HCWs with secondary vaccine failure poses a grave challenge to hospital infection control.
Measuring antibiotic levels and their relationship with the microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Siu J , Tingle M D , Douglas R G 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence supporting the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis is not compelling. A limited number of studies show that the changes in the nasal microbiome in patients following drug therapy are unpredictable and variable. The evidence for the impact of oral antibiotics on the gut microbiota is stronger, possibly as a result of differences in drug distribution to various sites around the body. There are few studies on sinus mucosal and mucus levels of oral antibiotics used in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. The distribution dependent effects of antibiotics on the sinonasal microbiome is unclear.ConclusionThis review highlights that relative drug concentrations and their efficacy on microbiota at different sites is an important subject for future studies investigating chronic rhinosinusitis.
Outcomes in two patients with vocal fold palsy who underwent revision arytenoid adduction surgery
Authors: Matsushima K , Matsui H , Ohira S , Matsuura K 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the position of adduction thread attachment, pulling direction and fixation position in revision arytenoid adduction surgery performed in two patients with left vocal fold palsy in whom satisfactory speech improvement had not been obtained by arytenoid adduction and type 1 thyroplasty.MethodsRevision arytenoid adduction surgery was performed with the vocal fold in the midline position in both cases. A type 1 thyroplasty procedure was subsequently added in one case because of worsened quality of speech following arytenoid adduction.Results and conclusionAlthough the arytenoid adduction procedure is conceptually well established, there is still room for debate concerning the actual surgical procedures used. The technique described in this report is effective, suggesting that it is worthy of recognition as an index procedure.
Diagnosis of spotted fever groupRickettsiainfections: the Asian perspective
Authors: Robinson Matthew T. , Satjanadumrong Jaruwan , Hughes Tom , Stenos John , Blacksell Stuart D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSpotted fever group rickettsiae (SFG) are a neglected group of bacteria, belonging to the genusRickettsia, that represent a large number of new and emerging infectious diseases with a worldwide distribution. The diseases are zoonotic and are transmitted by arthropod vectors, mainly ticks, fleas and mites, to hosts such as wild animals. Domesticated animals and humans are accidental hosts. In Asia, local people in endemic areas as well as travellers to these regions are at high risk of infection. In this review we compare SFG molecular and serological diagnostic methods and discuss their limitations. While there is a large range of molecular diagnostics and serological assays, both approaches have limitations and a positive result is dependent on the timing of sample collection. There is an increasing need for less expensive and easy-to-use diagnostic tests. However, despite many tests being available, their lack of suitability for use in resource-limited regions is of concern, as many require technical expertise, expensive equipment and reagents. In addition, many existing diagnostic tests still require rigorous validation in the regions and populations where these tests may be used, in particular to establish coherent and worthwhile cut-offs. It is likely that the best strategy is to use a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunofluorescence assay in tandem. If the specimen is collected early enough in the infection there will be no antibodies but there will be a greater chance of a PCR positive result. Conversely, when there are detectable antibodies it is less likely that there will be a positive PCR result. It is therefore extremely important that a complete medical history is provided especially the number of days of fever prior to sample collection. More effort is required to develop and validate SFG diagnostics and those of other rickettsial infections.
Monuments to Enemies? ‘Rajput’ Statues in Mughal Capitals
Authors: VANINA EUGENIA 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVarious descriptions of the two Mughal capitals, Agra and Delhi, mention the gates of both royal forts as decorated with the statues of two warriors mounted on elephants. The list of those who had described these sculptures and reconstructed their history includes late-medieval Indian writers, European travellers to the Mughal empire, scholars from the nineteenth century onwards, authors of tourist guides; there is a popular oral narrative on them as well. The most widely spread version attributes the statues to the Rajput warriors who defended Chittor against the Mughal invasion and who were immortalised by the emperor Akbar in a sign of his recognition of their valour. This article is an attempt to ‘investigate’ the controversial story of a Mughal ruler glorifying his sworn enemies and to analyse historical circumstances that could be a background for such a narrative.
ON BORWEIN’S CONJECTURES FOR PLANAR UNIFORM RANDOM WALKS
Authors: ZHOU YAJUN 
Published: October 2019

Let $p_{n}(x)=\int _{0}^{\infty }J_{0}(xt)[J_{0}(t)]^{n}xt\,dt$ be Kluyver’s probability density for $n$-step uniform random walks in the Euclidean plane. Through connection to a similar problem in two-dimensional quantum field theory, we evaluate the third-order derivative $p_{5}^{\prime \prime \prime }(0^{+})$ in closed form, thereby giving a new proof for a conjecture of J. M. Borwein. By further analogies to Feynman diagrams in quantum field theory, we demonstrate that $p_{n}(x),0\leq x\leq 1$ admits a uniformly convergent Maclaurin expansion for all odd integers $n\geq 5$, thus settling another conjecture of Borwein.
Compositional Specification in Rewriting Logic
Authors: MARTÍN ÓSCAR , VERDEJO ALBERTO , MARTÍ-OLIET NARCISO 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRewriting logic is naturally concurrent: several subterms of the state term can be rewritten simultaneously. But state terms are global, which makes compositionality difficult to achieve. Compositionality here means being able to decompose a complex system into its functional components and code each as an isolated and encapsulated system. Our goal is to help bringing compositionality to system specification in rewriting logic. The base of our proposal is the operation that we call synchronous composition. We discuss the motivations and implications of our proposal, formalize it for rewriting logic and also for transition structures, to be used as semantics, and show the power of our approach with some examples.
Investigation of a 256‐Monopole Transmit Antenna Array for Over‐the‐Horizon Radar in Canada
Authors: Henault Simon , Riddolls Ryan J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA 256‐monopole planar array is investigated as a potential transmit antenna covering the entire 3‐ to 18‐MHz band in an over‐the‐horizon radar (OTHR) operating at high latitudes in Canada. This array is relatively inexpensive, simple to build, and offers the azimuth and elevation resolutions necessary to defeat the auroral clutter which has traditionally limited the operation of OTHR at high latitudes. It is demonstrated that excellent clutter rejection ratios are possible with this antenna array and accurate calibration, but significant performance degradation occurs with calibration errors in particular in the lower portion of the operating frequency band. Various calibration approaches and error mechanisms are studied. A new approach combining multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) radar techniques at lower frequencies and conventional transmit null steering at higher frequencies is proposed and evaluated. This approach enhances the robustness of the array to calibration errors while preserving the radar unambiguous range‐Doppler space across the operating frequency band.
Naringenin improves insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes mellitus mice through AMPK
Authors: Li Sen , Zhang Yan , Sun Yewu , Zhang Guangzhen , Bai Jie , Guo Jianfei , Su Xudong , Du Hongquan , Cao Xi , Yang Jinkui , Wang Ting 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a temporary form of diabetes during pregnancy, which influences the health of maternal-child in clinical practice. It is still urgent to develop new effective treatment for GDM. Naringenin is a bioactive ingredient with multiple activities including anti-diabetic. In current study, the effects of naringenin on GDM symptoms, insulin tolerance, inflammation, and productive outcomes were evaluated and the underlying mechanisms were explored.

Methods
We administrated naringenin to GDM mice and monitored the GDM symptoms, glucose and insulin tolerance, inflammation and productive outcomes. We established tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced insulin resistance skeletal muscle cell model and evaluated the effects of naringenin on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glucose uptake and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) membrane translocation.

Results
We found that naringenin ameliorated GDM symptoms, improved glucose and insulin tolerance, inhibited inflammation, and improved productive outcomes. It was further found that naringenin inhibited TNF-α-induced ROS production, enhanced GLUT4 membrane translocation, and glucose uptake, which were abolished by inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

Conclusion
Naringenin improves insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes mellitus mice in an AMPK-dependent manner.
Dichloroacetate restores colorectal cancer chemosensitivity through the p53/miR-149-3p/PDK2-mediated glucose metabolic pathway
Authors: Liang Yu , Hou Lidan , Li Linjing , Li Lei , Zhu Liming , Wang Yu , Huang Xin , Hou Yichao , Zhu Danxi , Zou Huimin , Gu Yan , Weng Xiaoling , Wang Yingying , Li Yue , Wu Tianqi , Yao Mengfei , Gross Isabelle , Gaiddon Christian , Luo Meng , Wang Jianhua , Meng Xiangjun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe development of chemoresistance remains a major challenge that accounts for colorectal cancer (CRC) lethality. Dichloroacetate (DCA) was originally used as a metabolic regulator in the treatment of metabolic diseases; here, DCA was assayed to identify the mechanisms underlying the chemoresistance of CRC. We found that DCA markedly enhanced chemosensitivity of CRC cells to fluorouracil (5-FU), and reduced the colony formation due to high levels of apoptosis. Using the microarray assay, we noted that miR-149-3p was involved in the chemoresistance of CRC, which was modulated by wild-type p53 after DCA treatment. In addition, PDK2 was identified as a direct target of miR-149-3p. Mechanistic analyses showed that overexpression of miR-149-3p enhanced 5-FU-induced apoptosis and reduced glucose metabolism, similar to the effects of PDK2 knockdown. In addition, overexpression of PDK2 partially reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-149-3p on glucose metabolism. Finally, both DCA treatment and miR-149-3p overexpression in 5-FU-resistant CRC cells were found to markedly sensitize the chemotherapeutic effect of 5-FU in vivo, and this effect was also validated in a small retrospective cohort of CRC patients. Taken together, we determined that the p53/miR-149-3p/PDK2 signaling pathway can potentially be targeted with DCA treatment to overcome chemoresistant CRC.
Rev-erbα inhibits proliferation by reducing glycolytic flux and pentose phosphate pathway in human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Tao Linlin , Yu Haoyuan , Liang Rui , Jia Ru , Wang Jingjing , Jiang Kai , Wang Zhengguang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRev-erbα is a nuclear receptor, which regulates circadian rhythm, inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. We previously showed Rev-erbα reduction in human gastric cancer, which is associated with TMN stages and poor prognosis. We hypothesized that Rev-erbα modulates proliferation via glycolytic flux and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in gastric cancer. Knockdown of Rev-erbα significantly increased proliferation as well as glycolytic flux and the PPP in human gastric cancer cells. These effects were reduced by a Rev-erbα agonist GSK4112 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Rev-erbα was recruited on the promoters of PFKFB3 and G6PD genes, thereby inhibiting their gene transcription. GSK4112 treatment reduced PFKFB3 and G6PD gene expression, which was not affected by BMAL1 knockdown. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis and the PPP using corresponding PFKFB3 and G6PD inhibitors attenuated Rev-erbα knockdown-induced proliferation in gastric cancer cells. GSK4112 treatment was not able to reduce proliferation in SGC-7901 overexpressing both PFKFB3 and G6PD genes. Both PFKFB3 and G6PD were overexpressed in patients with gastric cancer, and positively correlated with the TMN stages. The PPP and glycolysis were enhanced in gastric cancer tissues of patients with low expression of Rev-erbα compared to the patients with high expression of Rev-erbα. In conclusion, Rev-erbα reduction causes gastric cancer progression by augmenting the PPP and glycolysis.
Epigenetic signatures of smoking associate with cognitive function, brain structure, and mental and physical health outcomes in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
Authors: Corley Janie , Cox Simon R. , Harris Sarah E. , Hernandez Maria Valdéz , Maniega Susana Muñoz , Bastin Mark E. , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Starr John M. , Marioni Riccardo E. , Deary Ian J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent advances in genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) profiling for smoking behaviour have given rise to a new, molecular biomarker of smoking exposure. It is unclear whether a smoking-associated DNAm (epigenetic) score has predictive value for ageing-related health outcomes which is independent of contributions from self-reported (phenotypic) smoking measures. Blood DNA methylation levels were measured in 895 adults aged 70 years in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) study using the Illumina 450K assay. A DNA methylation score based on 230 CpGs was used as a proxy for smoking exposure. Associations between smoking variables and health outcomes at age 70 were modelled using general linear modelling (ANCOVA) and logistic regression. Additional analyses of smoking with brain MRI measures at age 73 (n = 532) were performed. Smoking-DNAm scores were positively associated with self-reported smoking status (P < 0.001, eta-squared ɳ2 = 0.63) and smoking pack years (r = 0.69, P < 0.001). Higher smoking DNAm scores were associated with variables related to poorer cognitive function, structural brain integrity, physical health, and psychosocial health. Compared with phenotypic smoking, the methylation marker provided stronger associations with all of the cognitive function scores, especially visuospatial ability (P < 0.001, partial eta-squared ɳp2 = 0.022) and processing speed (P < 0.001, ɳp2 = 0.030); inflammatory markers (all P < 0.001, ranges from ɳp2 = 0.021 to 0.030); dietary patterns (healthy diet (P < 0.001, ɳp2 = 0.052) and traditional diet (P < 0.001, ɳp2 = 0.032); stroke (P = 0.006, OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.12, 1.96); mortality (P < 0.001, OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.42, 1.79), and at age 73; with MRI volumetric measures (all P < 0.001, ranges from ɳp2 = 0.030 to 0.052). Additionally, education was the most important life-course predictor of lifetime smoking tested. Our results suggest that a smoking-associated methylation biomarker typically explains a greater proportion of the variance in some smoking-related morbidities in older adults, than phenotypic measures of smoking exposure, with some of the accounted-for variance being independent of phenotypic smoking status.
Reduced neonatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor is associated with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Skogstrand Kristin , Hagen Christian Munch , Borbye-Lorenzen Nis , Christiansen Michael , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Bækvad-Hansen Marie , Werge Thomas , Børglum Anders , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merethe , Mortensen Preben Bo , Hougaard David Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMental disorders have for the majority of cases an unknown etiology, but several studies indicate that neurodevelopmental changes happen in utero or early after birth. We performed a nested case–control study of the relation between blood levels of neuro-developmental (S100B, BDNF, and VEGF-A) and inflammatory (MCP-1, TARC, IL-8, IL-18, CRP, and IgA) biomarkers in newborns, and later development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD, N = 751), attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD, N = 801), schizophrenia (N = 1969), affective (N = 641) or bipolar disorders (N = 641). Samples and controls were obtained as part of the iPSYCH Danish Case–Cohort Study using dried blood spot samples collected between 1981 and 2004, and stored frozen at the Danish National Biobank. In newborns lower blood level of BDNF was significantly associated with increased odds (OR 1.15) of developing ASD (p = 0.001). This difference could not be explained by genetic variation in the BDNF coding gene region. A tendency of decreased levels of all the neurotrophic markers and increased levels of all inflammatory markers was noted. The low newborn blood levels of BDNF in children developing ASD is an important finding, suggesting that lower BDNF levels in newborns contributes to the etiology of ASD and indicates new directions for further research. It may also help identifying a long-sought marker for high-ASD risk in, e.g., younger siblings of ASD children.
Precocious myelination in a mouse model of autism
Authors: Khanbabaei Maryam , Hughes Elizabeth , Ellegood Jacob , Qiu Lily R. , Yip Raven , Dobry Jenna , Murari Kartikeya , Lerch Jason P. , Rho Jong M. , Cheng Ning 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been hypothesized to be a result of altered connectivity in the brain. Recent imaging studies suggest accelerated maturation of the white matter in young children with ASD, with underlying mechanisms unknown. Myelin is an integral part of the white matter and critical for connectivity; however, its role in ASD remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated myelin development in a model of idiopathic ASD, the BTBR mice. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that fiber tracts in the frontal brain of the BTBR mice had increased volume at postnatal day 6, but the difference reduced over time, reminiscent of the findings in young patients. We further identified that myelination in the frontal brain of both male and female neonatal BTBR mice was increased, associated with elevated levels of myelin basic protein. However, myelin pattern was unaltered in adult BTBR mice, revealing accelerated developmental trajectory of myelination. Consistently, we found that signaling of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) was reduced in the frontal brain of neonatal BTBR mice. However, levels of microRNA species known to regulate PDGFRα signaling and myelination were unaltered. Together, these results suggest that precocious myelination could potentially contribute to increased volume and connectivity of the white matter observed in young children with ASD.
The oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate produced by mutant IDH1 sensitizes cells to ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Tian-Xiang , Liang Jun-Yun , Zhang Cheng , Xiong Yue , Guan Kun-Liang , Yuan Hai-Xin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFerroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death characterized by the iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and is implicated in several human pathologies, such as tissue ischemia, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Ferroptosis appears to be high cell-context dependent and the regulation of ferroptosis by physiological or pathological conditions are unclear. Here, we report that tumor-derived IDH1 mutation sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. Deletion of the mutant IDH1 allele in IDH1 heterozygous tumor cells or pharmacological inhibition of mutant IDH1 to produce the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) confers resistance to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Conversely, ectopic expression of mutant IDH1 or treatment of cells with cell-permeable D-2-HG promotes the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently ferroptosis. Mechanistically, mutant IDH1 reduces the protein level of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key enzyme in removing lipid ROS and ferroptosis, and promotes depletion of glutathione. Our results uncover a new role of mutant IDH1 and 2-HG in ferroptosis.
Organic sulfur was integral to the Archean sulfur cycle
Authors: Fakhraee Mojtaba , Katsev Sergei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe chemistry of the Early Earth is widely inferred from the elemental and isotopic compositions of sulfidic sedimentary rocks, which are presumed to have formed globally through the reduction of seawater sulfate or locally from hydrothermally supplied sulfide. Here we argue that, in the anoxic Archean oceans, pyrite could form in the absence of ambient sulfate from organic sulfur contained within living cells. Sulfides could be produced through mineralization of reduced sulfur compounds or reduction of organic-sourced sulfite. Reactive transport modeling suggests that, for sulfate concentrations up to tens of micromolar, organic sulfur would have supported 20 to 100% of sedimentary pyrite precipitation and up to 75% of microbial sulfur reduction. The results offer an alternative explanation for the low range of δ34S in Archean sulfides, and raise a possibility that sulfate scarcity delayed the evolution of dissimilatory sulfate reduction until the initial ocean oxygenation around 2.7 Ga.