bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonverbal predication in Movima
Authors: Haude Katharina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Movima (isolate, lowland Bolivia) is a language with predicate-initial constituent order in the core clause. There is no copula in affirmative clauses. Unpossessed common nouns can function as main-clause predicates just as well as verbs. The difference between verbal and nonverbal predicates only becomes apparent in embedded (i.e. adverbial and complement) clauses: the predicate of an embedded clause is overtly morphologically marked, and the type of marking distinguishes verbal from nonverbal predicates. The same pattern occurs in negated clauses, which consist of embedded predicates preceded by a negative copula. The morphological marking of embedded predicates shows that not only verbs and nouns, but also demonstratives, locative adverbs, and even personal pronouns can function as predicates. Therefore, it is argued that there is no “preverbal” or “topic position” to express the syntactically privileged argument: in principle, any word that has the potential to function as a predicate has predicate status when forming the first constituent of the clause.
Locative, existential and possessive predication in the Chaco
Authors: Payne Doris L. , Vidal Alejandra , Otero Manuel A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Nivaĉle (Mataguayan) and Pilagá (Guaykuruan) languages, which geographically overlap in the Argentinian Chaco region of South America, present evidence challenging the often repeated claim that locative predications universally underlie possession predications (Lyons 1967; Jackendoff 1983; DeLancey 2000; Freeze 2001; Langacker 2009, among others). In both languages copular elements can link two Determined Phrases (DPs) to predicate location, possession or existence, i.e. the primary predicative element in such constructions is not a lexical verb. However, Nivaĉle and Pilagá each use a single copular form for both non-verbal existential and possessive predication constructions, and a different copular form for non-verbal locative predication constructions. Subtypes of the various constructions, including negative forms, can be related to Heine’s cognitive possession schemas. In Pilagá, all three negative constructions share the same copular elements, but there are arguably still more similarities between the negative possessive and negative existential constructions compared to the negative locative construction. If these shared features across the two languages are due to areal contact, the influence would have had to have happened at the Proto-Mataguayan and Proto-Guaykuruan languages stage.
Constructions with has(a) in Wampis
Authors: Peña Jaime 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper analyzes the development of a copular element has(a) ‘become’ in Wampis. Has(a) can occur as a fully inflected verb or as an invariant copula particle. Based on comparative evidence, it is argued that this morpheme has arisen from the phonetic reduction of a posture verb stem meaning ‘stand’, likely through the use of this verb in locative and existential predicates. The form and semantics of has(a), as well as its use in different constructions associated with it are further analyzed taking into account both structural and functional characteristics. Has(a) is used for expressing the functions of proper inclusion and attribution, as well as for temporal and locative predicates. Has(a) can also serve to express translation and change in physical location, drawing on syntactic structures typically associated with verbs of movement in the language. The latter is an interesting development given the stative historical source of has(a).
Mixed‐methods pre‐match cooling improves simulated soccer performance in the heat
Authors: Aldous Jeffrey William Frederick , Chrismas Bryna Catherine Rose , Akubat Ibrahim , Stringer Charlotte Anne , Abt Grant , Taylor Lee 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThis investigation examined the effects of three pre‐match and half‐time cooling manoeuvres on physical performance and associated physiological and perceptual responses in eight University soccer players during a non‐motorised treadmill based individualised soccer‐specific simulation [intermittent soccer performance test (iSPT)] at 30°C. Four randomised experimental trials were completed; following 30‐min (pre‐match) and 15‐min (half‐time) cooling manoeuvres via (1) ice slurry ingestion (SLURRY); (2) ice‐packs placed on the quadriceps and hamstrings (PACKS); (3) mixed‐methods (MM; PACKS and SLURRY concurrently); or no‐cooling (CON). In iSPT first half, a moderate increase in total (Mean ± Standard Deviation: 108 ± 57 m, qualitative inference: most likely, Cohen's d: 0.87, 90%CL: ±0.31), high‐speed (56 ± 46 m, very likely, 0.68 ± 0.38) and variable run (15 ± 5 m, very likely, 0.81 ± 0.47) distance covered was reported in MM compared with CON. Additionally, pre‐match reductions in thermal sensation (–1.0 ± 0.5, most likely, –0.91 ± 0.36), rectal (–0.6 ± 0.1°C, very likely, –0.86 ± 0.35) and skin temperature (–1.1 ± 0.3°C, very likely, –0.88 ± 0.42) continued throughout iSPT first half. Physical performance during iSPT first half was unaltered in SLURRY and PACKS compared to CON. Rectal temperature was moderately increased in SLURRY at 45‐min (0.2 ± 0.1°C, very likely, 0.67 ± 0.36). Condition did not influence any measure in iSPT second half compared to CON. Only MM pre‐match cooling augmented physical performance during iSPT first half, likely due to peripheral and central thermoregulatory factors favourably influencing first half iSPT performance. Further practical half‐time cooling manoeuvres which enhance second half performance are still required.
Comfort assessment of running footwear: Does assessment type affect inter‐session reliability?
Authors: Lindorfer Julia , Kröll Josef , Schwameder Hermann 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAssessing comfort of running footwear reliably is challenging. The purpose of this study was to compare the intra‐rater reliability between different assessment types, to calculate intra‐individual reliability scores and to evaluate the effect of rater selection based on individual reliability scores on group level reliability. Three assessment types: ranking, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Likert Scale (LS) were provided twice in six separate sessions among 30 participants, who assessed comfort of five shoes after treadmill running. Spearman's rho provided an evaluation of inter‐session relative reliability and typical error as a measure of absolute reliability for each assessment type. Ranking (r = 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.78) yielded the highest relative reliability for overall comfort, followed by VAS (r = 0.67, 95% CI 0.56–0.75) and LS (r = 0.63, 95% CI 0.52–0.72), with large‐scale overlaps of CIs between assessment types. The same order of assessment types was found for the percentage of reliable raters (r ≥ 0.7) with 60% in ranking scale, 47% in VAS and 37% in LS. Forming subgroups corresponding to the intra‐individual reliability substantially increased group level reliabilities. Based on measures of relative reliability, an extreme reduction in resolution as provided by the ranking from pairwise comparisons seems to be a valuable tool in footwear comfort assessments if assessment time is of minor importance. No preference can be provided for the two investigated rating scales. Besides the assessment type, a selection of the best raters in additional reliability checks seems to be a prerequisite for further comfort‐related studies.
Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Mild to Moderate Platysma Bands: A Systematic Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Injection Technique
Authors: Sugrue Conor M , Kelly Jack L , McInerney Niall 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Platysma bands are characteristic of an aging neck. Resection and plication of the platysma muscle is the basis of treatment. However, unfavorable surgical outcomes and improved understanding of platysma band etiology have shifted treatment towards nonsurgical rejuvenation.

Objectives
The aim of this paper was to assess the efficacy, injection techniques, and complications associated with botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of platysma bands.

Methods
A systematic literature search was performed to identify articles reporting botulinum toxin injections for platysma bands in neck rejuvenation. The search included published articles in three electronic databases—Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library—between January 1985 and December 2017.

Results
Three studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 78 patients undergoing botulinum toxin injection for platysma bands. Incobotulinumtoxin A was used in 62.3% (n = 45/78) of patients, with 38.4% (n = 30/78) receiving abobotulinumtoxin A. Efficacy was assessed using the Merz platysma score scale. A mean score improvement of 2.0 points, with a response rate of 93.7%, was observed after 14 ± 2 days. At 3 months, the mean score improvement was 1.2 points with a response rate of 86%. Patient-reported metrics demonstrated an improvement in 91% (n = 71/78) of subjects. The three studies used a standard injection technique, with a maximum 20 IU of incobotulinumtoxin A and 5 U abobotulinumtoxin A administered per band. Complications were reported in 15.4% (n = 12/78) of patients, with none requiring further intervention.

Conclusions
Botulinum toxin is a highly effective treatment for isolated platysma bands. A safe injection technique is described and recommended for clinical practice.

Level of Evidence: 4
Self reliant groups from India to Scotland: lessons from south to north
Authors: O’Connor Clementine Hill , Mazzei Micaela , Baker Rachel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is a move towards partnership working across the global north and south but there remain questions about how to do it most effectively. This paper reports on the findings from a project that built a partnership between women in Scotland and India in order to transfer knowledge about Indian Self Help Groups. By creating peer to peer relationships that challenged traditional roles of ‘teacher’ and ‘learner’, the project was effective in transferring learning from south to north and generating meaningful outcomes for those involved. Despite the contextual differences, the successful transfer of key components of the model, savings, and loans, has led to a sense of empowerment in the Scottish women that is comparable to their Indian counterparts. As the project continues, it will be important that the dialogue between the partners continues, so there is ongoing learning as the Scottish groups expand and develop.
Screening for Tuberculosis With Xpert MTB/RIF Assay Versus Fluorescent Microscopy Among Adults Newly Diagnosed With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Rural Malawi: A Cluster Randomized Trial (Chepetsa)
Authors: Ngwira Lucky G , Corbett Elizabeth L , Khundi McEwen , Barnes Grace L , Nkhoma Austin , Murowa Michael , Cohn Silvia , Moulton Lawrence H , Chaisson Richard E , Dowdy David W 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals globally. Screening for TB at the point of HIV diagnosis with a high-sensitivity assay presents an opportunity to reduce mortality.

Methods
We performed a cluster randomized trial of TB screening among adults newly diagnosed with HIV in 12 primary health clinics in rural Thyolo, Malawi. Clinics were allocated in a 1:1 ratio to perform either point-of-care Xpert MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) or point-of-care light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy (LED-FM) for individuals screening positive for TB symptoms. Asymptomatic participants were offered isoniazid preventive therapy in both arms. Investigators, but not clinic staff or participants, were masked to allocation. Our primary outcome was the incidence rate ratio (RR) of all-cause mortality within 12 months of HIV diagnosis.

Results
Prevalent TB was diagnosed in 24 of 1001 (2.4%) individuals enrolled in clinics randomized to Xpert, compared with 10 of 841 (1.2%) in clinics randomized to LED-FM. All-cause mortality was 22% lower in the Xpert arm than in the LED-FM arm (6.7 vs 8.6 per 100 person-years; RR, 0.78 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .58–1.06]). A planned subgroup analysis suggested that participants with more advanced HIV (World Health Organization clinical stage 3 or 4) disease had lower mortality in clinics randomized to Xpert than to LED-FM (RR, 0.43 [95% CI, .22–.87]).

Conclusions
In rural Malawi, using point-of-care Xpert MTB/RIF to test symptomatic patients for TB at the time of HIV diagnosis reduced all-cause 12-month mortality among individuals with advanced HIV.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01450085.
Ironic Consumption
Authors: Warren Caleb , Mohr Gina S 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Ironic consumption refers to using a product (brand, style, behavior, etc.) with the intent of signaling a meaning (identity, message, belief, etc.) that reverses the conventional meaning of the product. We report five studies showing that people are more likely to think that a consumer is using a product ironically when the product is incongruent with the consumer’s known identity or beliefs. The impression that ironic consumers make on an observer depends on the observer’s relationship with the consumed product. When a consumer uses a product associated with the observer’s in-group (e.g., wearing a “Powered by Kale” shirt in front of a vegan), observers have a less favorable impression if they believe the consumer is using the product ironically. Conversely, when a consumer uses a product that is not associated with the observer’s in-group (e.g., wearing a “Powered by Kale” shirt in front of a meat-eater), observers have a more favorable impression if they believe the consumer is using the product ironically. Collectively, our studies suggest that consumers can use products ironically to selectively signal one meaning to an in-group (who is likely to detect irony), and another to out-groups (who are unlikely to detect irony).
Testing the Effectiveness of “Managing for Results”: Evidence from an Education Policy Innovation in New York City
Authors: Wang Weijie , Yeung Ryan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
“Managing for results” (MFR) is a performance management system that decentralizes authority to managers in exchange for greater accountability in performance. Although MFR makes much theoretical sense, the evidence of the effectiveness of MFR has not been as conclusive. In this study, we use panel data methods to examine the impact of a particular MFR reform in New York City, the Empowerment Zone (EZ), which focused on providing city public school principals greater autonomy to improve school outcomes. In addition, we use objective measures of both performance management and organizational performance. Our differences-in-differences estimates suggest that the EZ had a significant and positive effect on school performance as measured by proficiency rates in standardized mathematics exams, overall performance, and Regents diploma graduation rates, though the effects were not immediately apparent.
Cytokine Microdialysis for Real-Time Immune Monitoring in Glioblastoma Patients Undergoing Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Lynes John , Jackson Sadhana , Sanchez Victoria , Dominah Gifty , Wang Xiang , Kuek Averie , Hayes Christina Piper , Benzo Sarah , Scott Gretchen C , Chittiboina Prashant , Zaghloul Kareem A , Park Deric M , Wu Jing , Hourigan Christopher S , Giles Amber J , Wu Tianxia , Maric Dragan , Chen Jinguo , Quezado Martha , Heiss John D , Gilbert Mark R , Nduom Edjah K 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignancy of the brain, with a dismal prognosis. Immunomodulation via checkpoint inhibition has provided encouraging results in non-CNS malignancies, but prediction of responders has proven to be challenging in glioblastoma patients.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the proportion of patients who have a measurable increase of interferon gamma levels in brain tumor tissue after their first dose of nivolumab, and to evaluate the safety of using brain tumor microdialysis to monitor for immune response while evaluating the safety of the combination of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) and anti-lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) checkpoint inhibition.

METHODS
The study design is a single-center, nonrandomized phase 1 clinical trial. Up to 15 adult patients with recurrent glioblastoma will be enrolled with the goal of 10 patients completing the trial over an anticipated 18 mo. Patients will undergo biopsy; placement of microdialysis catheters and lumbar drains; treatment with anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition; comprehensive immune biomarker collection; tumor resection; and then treatment with anti-PD-1 and anti-LAG-3 checkpoint inhibition until progression.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES
We expect interferon gamma levels to increase in the brain as measured via microdialysis in treated patients. Based on published reports, microdialysis in this patient population is expected to be safe, and anti-LAG-3 and anti-PD-1 combined will likely have a similar side effect profile to other checkpoint inhibitor combinations.

DISCUSSION
The failure of recent trials of immune therapies in glioblastoma underscores the need to appropriately measure response in the treated tissue. This trial may provide insight on indicators of which patients will respond to immune therapy.
Caretaker attitudes toward swine euthanasia1
Authors: Campler Magnus R , Pairis-Garcia Monique D , Rault Jean-Loup , Coleman Grahame , Arruda Andreia G 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Timely euthanasia is a fundamental part of safeguarding swine welfare by reducing suffering when compromised pigs are unable to recover. The quality and appropriateness of timely euthanasia rely mainly on the knowledge and experience of the individual caretaker but may also be affected by caretaker attitudes toward euthanasia. However, literature on caretaker attitudes toward swine euthanasia is lacking. This study investigated caretaker attitudes, perceived knowledge, and confidence in performing on-farm timely euthanasia. A total of 84 caretakers from eight swine farms (ranging in size from 1,300 to 7,000 sows) participated in a survey designed to investigate attitudes toward swine and swine euthanasia. Caretaker’s ages ranged from 18 to 59 yr with an average work experience of 8.5 yr. The majority of participants worked in either farrowing or breeding units. Survey questions were designed to assess caretakers’ attitudes and attributes (empathy affect, empathy attribution, attitudes toward pigs, feeling bad about euthanizing pigs, and assumptions about pigs’ emotional capabilities), decision-making skills (confidence in identifying compromised pigs or relying on coworkers to make decisions), and euthanasia skillset (confidence in performing euthanasia, training, and perceived level of knowledge). Using cluster analysis to analyze survey answers, three distinct groups of caretakers were identified: 1) confident and empathetic; 2) Confident, knowledgeable, and detached; and 3) unconfident and lacking knowledge. The survey results showed that empathy attribution was strongly correlated with empathy affect (r = 0.571, P &lt; 0.01) and that empathy affect and empathy attribution were higher in female caretakers compared with male caretakers (P &lt; 0.05). A risk analysis that included previously identified clusters showed that females were more likely to be grouped among caretakers that were confident and empathetic (P = 0.04), and caretakers with more than 2 yr of swine experience were more likely to be grouped as confident and skilled (P = 0.01), while the unconfident and empathetic were more likely to have had less than 2 yr of experience (P = 0.04). This study provides important information about variability in caretaker experience as well as their attitudes toward pigs and timely euthanasia. Increased knowledge about swine caretaker attitudes may be used to implement training and euthanasia protocols to increase both human and pig welfare on farm.
Compassionate Care in the Age of Evidence-Based Practice: A Critical Discourse Analysis in the Context of Chronic Pain Care
Authors: Baker Lindsay R. , Martimianakis Maria Athina (Tina) , Nasirzadeh Yasmin , Northup Elizabeth , Gold Karen , Friesen Farah , Bhatia Anuj , Ng Stella L. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Health professions education and practice have seen renewed calls to restore compassion to care. However, because of the ways evidence-based practice (EBP) has been implemented in health care, wherein research-based knowledge is privileged, the dominance of EBP may silence clinician and patient experience-based knowledge needed for compassionate care. This study explored what happens when the discourses of compassionate care and EBP interact in practice.

Method
Chronic pain management in Canada was selected as the context for the study. Data collection involved compiling an archive of 458 chronic pain texts, including gray literature from 2009–2015 (non-peer-reviewed sources, e.g., guidelines), patient blog posts from 2013–2015, and transcripts of study interviews with 9 clinicians and postgraduate trainees from local pain clinics from 2015–2016. The archive was analyzed using an interpretive qualitative approach informed by critical discourse analysis.

Results
Four manifestations of the discourse of compassionate care were identified: curing the pain itself, returning to function, alleviating suffering, and validating the patient experience. These discourses produced particular subject positions, activities, practices, and privileged forms of knowledge. They operated in response, partnership, apology, and resistance, respectively, to the dominant discourse of EBP. These relationships were mediated by other prevalent discourses in the system: patient safety, patient-centered care, professional liability, interprofessional collaboration, and efficiency.

Conclusions
Medical education efforts to foster compassion in health professionals and systems need to acknowledge the complex web of discourses—which carry with them their own expectations, material effects, and roles—and support people in navigating this web.