bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of instructional focus and task type on pre-vocational learners’ ability in EFL oral interaction
Authors: van Batenburg Eline , Oostdam Ron , van Gelderen Amos , Fukkink Ruben , de Jong Nivja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the effect of diverging pedagogies on the development of interactional oral skills in a foreign language. In a controlled study, we evaluated three newly developed instructional programmes that were situated in the same training context, but that differed in instructional focus and type of task. These were compared to the effects of business-as-usual instruction. Multilevel analysis revealed that all experimental groups outperformed the ‘business-as-usual’ control group on oral interaction skills (N = 199), with similar results for the programmes. Positive effects were found on interaction skills for trained contexts of use only. No transfer was found to tasks in other contexts of use. We conclude that receiving contextualised oral interaction instruction is beneficial to the development of pre-vocational learners’ interaction skills.
Aeromagnetic noise reduction and interpretation by Multifractal Singular Value Decomposition
Authors: Ma M , Yang K , Feng G A , Wang C H , Li X , Gao Q 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aeromagnetic signal often has a minority of noise in it, which may be composed of random noise caused by the aircraft itself, fringe pattern noise caused by the differences between the aircraft airlines, or linear features aligned along the declination direction after reduction to the pole, which are usually hard to distinguish visually but will make useful information submerged In this paper, the aeromagnetic data of a polymetallic deposit-accumulated area in Inner Mongolia Province, northwest China, is taken as an example, from which the aeromagnetic noise is extracted by multifractal singular value decomposition (MSVD), the singular values are automatically fitted into limited number of fractal straight lines according to their inflection points and minimum fitting error, each line represents a certain kind of noise or signal, the noises are chosen and removed in this way. The last two decomposed components are usually a band pass and a low pass filter that can be used for tectonic faults and geological bodies’ interpretation, respectively.
Improving marine soils by different consolidation methods for stability of harbour structures
Authors: Houssam Khelalfa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Marine geotechnics is one of the most difficult specialties and is part of coastal engineering. The geotechnician is interested in soils as these are the main element of the context in which the stability of a structure will be designed. The methods of improvement of vibroflotation (VF), dynamic compaction (DC) and the pre-loading took a scale in Algeria these last years, they are applied at the port of DjenDjen in Jijel province, object of our study, in the framework of its extension and its development, in order to improve the support soil which will receive the foundations of the protections structures and the container terminal in caissons. The main objective is to establish numerical studies of the stability of the protection structure realized on the improved soil which was itself taken into consideration in the modelling, while respecting also the real phasing of construction of this structure. However, soil improvement was checked before and after treatment to verify its influence on the stability of the harbour structures.
Synthesis and investigation of highly dispersed active phases of intermetallic and supported SHS-catalysts
Authors: Borshch V N , Pugacheva E V , Zhuk S Ya , Dement’eva I M , Sanin V N , Andreev D E , Yukhvid V I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the present study, the active phases (AP) of an Fe–Ni–Co–Mn catalyst produced from SHS-intermetallics (a), a catalyst prepared via formation an intermetallic layer on a mesh surface of chromium-nickel stainless steel (b), and of a Co–Mn catalyst prepared via SHS on silica gel support (c), were isolated and characterized by SEM and XRD. The catalysts studied were highly active in the process of deep oxidation and catalysts (b) and (c) were highly active in the process of CO2 methanation as well. All AP had oxo-metallic composition and were formed from nanoscale components, but if the structure of these components for catalyst (a) was the same as on the surface of the catalyst, the structures of AP components for catalyst (b) significantly differed from the surface structures. In addition, AP sediment grain nanostructures of catalyst (c) differed from those of catalysts (a) and (b).
Stronger Together: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition as a Multivariate Performance Validity Test in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Erdodi Laszlo A , Abeare Christopher A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study was designed to evaluate the classification accuracy of a multivariate model of performance validity assessment using embedded validity indicators (EVIs) within the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV).

Method
Archival data were collected from 100 adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) consecutively referred for neuropsychological assessment in a clinical setting. The classification accuracy of previously published individual EVIs nested within the WAIS-IV and a composite measure based on six independent EVIs were evaluated against psychometrically defined non-credible performance.

Results
Univariate validity cutoffs based on age-corrected scaled scores on Coding, Symbol Search, Digit Span, Letter-Number-Sequencing, Vocabulary minus Digit Span, and Coding minus Symbol Search were strong predictors of psychometrically defined non-credible responding. Failing ≥3 of these six EVIs at the liberal cutoff improved specificity (.91–.95) over univariate cutoffs (.78–.93). Conversely, failing ≥2 EVIs at the more conservative cutoff increased and stabilized sensitivity (.43–.67) compared to univariate cutoffs (.11–.63) while maintaining consistently high specificity (.93–.95).

Conclusions
In addition to being a widely used test of cognitive functioning, the WAIS-IV can also function as a measure of performance validity. Consistent with previous research, combining information from multiple EVIs enhanced the classification accuracy of individual cutoffs and provided more stable parameter estimates. If the current findings are replicated in larger, diagnostically and demographically heterogeneous samples, the WAIS-IV has the potential to become a powerful multivariate model of performance validity assessment.

Brief Summary
Using a combination of multiple performance validity indicators embedded within the subtests of theWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the credibility of the response set can be establishedwith a high level of confidence. Multivariatemodels improve classification accuracy over individual tests. Relying on existing test data is a cost-effective approach to performance validity assessment.
Retention of learned predator recognition in embryonic and juvenile rainbow trout
Authors: Horn Marianna E , Ferrari Maud C O , Chivers Douglas P 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMinimizing predation risk, especially for young or naïve individuals, can be achieved by learning to recognize predators. Embryonic learning may optimize survival by allowing for the earliest possible response to predation threats posthatch. However, predatory threats often change over an individual’s lifetime, and using old information can be detrimental if it becomes outdated. Adaptive forgetting allows an individual to discount obsolete information in decision-making and instead emphasize newer, more relevant information when responding to predation threats. Little is known about the extent to which young individuals can learn and forget information about predation threats. Here we demonstrate that rainbow trout 1) are capable of learning from both conspecific and heterospecific alarm cues as embryos, newly hatched larvae, and free-swimming larvae, 2) exhibit adaptive forgetting of predator information at all stages, and 3) display dynamic adaptive forgetting based on the ontogeny of learning. Specifically, fish that learned information as embryos retained the information for longer periods than those that learned the same information as newly hatched alevins.
JUCHMME: a Java Utility for Class Hidden Markov Models and Extensions for biological sequence analysis
Authors: Tamposis Ioannis A , Tsirigos Konstantinos D , Theodoropoulou Margarita C , Kontou Panagiota I , Tsaousis Georgios N , Sarantopoulou Dimitra , Litou Zoi I , Bagos Pantelis G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Summary
JUCHMME is an open-source software package designed to fit arbitrary custom Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with a discrete alphabet of symbols. We incorporate a large collection of standard algorithms for HMMs as well as a number of extensions and evaluate the software on various biological problems. Importantly, the JUCHMME toolkit includes several additional features that allow for easy building and evaluation of custom HMMs, which could be a useful resource for the research community.

Availability and implementation
http://www.compgen.org/tools/juchmme, https://github.com/pbagos/juchmme.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Igapó seed patches: a potentially key resource for terrestrial vertebrates in a seasonally flooded forest of central Amazonia
Authors: Antunes Ana Carolina , Baccaro Fabrício , Caetano Andrade Victor Lery , Ramos José Ferreira , Da Silva Moreira Roberto , Barnett Adrian A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In Amazonian igapó forests (seasonally flooded forests on blackwater river margins), the end of the annual flood pulse results in the formation of extensive mat-like seed patches. The seeds in these patches then germinate, forming a dense, highly heterogeneous, assemblage. Animal–plant interactions in these areas, as well as the influence that the patches have on the occurrence of herbivorous vertebrates, remain almost completely unstudied. Using camera traps in areas with and without seed/seedling patches, we tested the relationship between these seed accumulation sites and the presence of bird and mammal species. At the micro-scale (between treatments), vertebrate occurrence was not related to patch presence. At the larger scale (local), distance from adjacent upland (terra firme) forest and seed patch size were correlated with vertebrate distribution. The widespread occurrence of terrestrially active birds and mammals throughout igapó forests, not just where food resource densities were high, seems to be a compromise strategy between exploring the area to select the most favourable food items, and minimizing the risk of being predated when spending extended time foraging at the concentrated food sources represented by the seed patches. Our results underline the potential importance of igapó forests as a key habitat for a variety of terrestrial terra firme taxa, as well as emphasize the dynamic nature of this forest type, and should encourage further studies of this habitat and resource availability system.
Hate in the Machine: Anti-Black and Anti-Muslim Social Media Posts as Predictors of Offline Racially and Religiously Aggravated Crime
Authors: Williams Matthew L , Burnap Pete , Javed Amir , Liu Han , Ozalp Sefa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
National governments now recognize online hate speech as a pernicious social problem. In the wake of political votes and terror attacks, hate incidents online and offline are known to peak in tandem. This article examines whether an association exists between both forms of hate, independent of ‘trigger’ events. Using Computational Criminology that draws on data science methods, we link police crime, census and Twitter data to establish a temporal and spatial association between online hate speech that targets race and religion, and offline racially and religiously aggravated crimes in London over an eight-month period. The findings renew our understanding of hate crime as a process, rather than as a discrete event, for the digital age.
Highly differentiated cytotoxic T cells in inclusion body myositis
Authors: Greenberg Steven A , Pinkus Jack L , Kong Sek Won , Baecher-Allan Clare , Amato Anthony A , Dorfman David M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInclusion body myositis is a late onset treatment-refractory autoimmune disease of skeletal muscle associated with a blood autoantibody (anti-cN1A), an HLA autoimmune haplotype, and muscle pathology characterized by cytotoxic CD8+ T cell destruction of myofibres. Here, we report on translational studies of inclusion body myositis patient muscle compared with a diverse set of other muscle disease samples. Using available microarray data on 411 muscle samples from patients with inclusion body myositis (n = 40), other muscle diseases (n = 265), and without neuromuscular disease (normal, n = 106), we identified a signature of T-cell cytotoxicity in inclusion body myositis muscle coupled with a signature of highly differentiated CD8 T-cell effector memory and terminally differentiated effector cells. Further, we examined killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) as a marker of this population of cells, demonstrated the correlation of KLRG1 gene expression with lymphocyte cytotoxicity across 28 870 human tissue samples, and identified the presence of KLRG1 on pathogenic inclusion body myositis muscle invading T cells and an increase in KLRG1 expressing T cells in inclusion body myositis blood. We examined inclusion body myositis muscle T-cell proliferation by Ki67 immunohistochemistry demonstrating that diseased muscle-invading T cells are minimally or non-proliferative, in accordance with known properties of highly differentiated or terminally differentiated T cells. We found low expression of KLRG1 on infection-protective human lymphoid tissue central memory T cells and autoimmune-protective human blood regulatory T cells. Targeting highly differentiated cytotoxic T cells could be a favourable approach to treatment of inclusion body myositis.
RESTORE-IMI 1: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Trial Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Imipenem/Relebactam vs Colistin Plus Imipenem in Patients With Imipenem-nonsusceptible Bacterial Infections
Authors: Motsch Johann , Murta de Oliveira Cláudia , Stus Viktor , Köksal Iftihar , Lyulko Olexiy , Boucher Helen W , Kaye Keith S , File Thomas M , Brown Michelle L , Khan Ireen , Du Jiejun , Joeng Hee-Koung , Tipping Robert W , Aggrey Angela , Young Katherine , Kartsonis Nicholas A , Butterton Joan R , Paschke Amanda 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The β-lactamase inhibitor relebactam can restore imipenem activity against imipenem-nonsusceptible gram-negative pathogens. We evaluated imipenem/relebactam for treating imipenem-nonsusceptible infections.

Methods
Randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Hospitalized patients with hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated pneumonia, complicated intraabdominal infection, or complicated urinary tract infection caused by imipenem-nonsusceptible (but colistin- and imipenem/relebactam-susceptible) pathogens were randomized 2:1 to 5–21 days imipenem/relebactam or colistin+imipenem. Primary endpoint: favorable overall response (defined by relevant endpoints for each infection type) in the modified microbiologic intent-to-treat (mMITT) population (qualifying baseline pathogen and ≥1 dose study treatment). Secondary endpoints: clinical response, all-cause mortality, and treatment-emergent nephrotoxicity. Safety analyses included patients with ≥1 dose study treatment.

Results
Thirty-one patients received imipenem/relebactam and 16 colistin+imipenem. Among mITT patients (n = 21 imipenem/relebactam, n = 10 colistin+imipenem), 29% had Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores &gt;15, 23% had creatinine clearance &lt;60 mL/min, and 35% were aged ≥65 years. Qualifying baseline pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (77%), Klebsiella spp. (16%), other Enterobacteriaceae (6%). Favorable overall response was observed in 71% imipenem/relebactam and 70% colistin+imipenem patients (90% confidence interval [CI] for difference, –27.5, 21.4), day 28 favorable clinical response in 71% and 40% (90% CI, 1.3, 51.5), and 28-day mortality in 10% and 30% (90% CI, –46.4, 6.7), respectively. Serious adverse events (AEs) occurred in 10% of imipenem/relebactam and 31% of colistin+imipenem patients, drug-related AEs in 16% and 31% (no drug-related deaths), and treatment-emergent nephrotoxicity in 10% and 56% (P = .002), respectively.

Conclusions
Imipenem/relebactam is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment option for carbapenem-nonsusceptible infections.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02452047.
Clinical Relevance and Prognostic Value of Persistently Negative (1,3)-β-D-Glucan in Adults With Candidemia: A 5-year Experience in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Agnelli Caroline , Bouza Emilio , del Carmen Martínez-Jiménez María , Navarro Raquel , Valerio Maricela , Machado Marina , Guinea Jesús , Sánchez-Carrillo Carlos , Alonso Roberto , Muñoz Patricia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The clinical relevance and the potential prognostic role of persistently negative (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) in adults with proven candidemia is unknown.

Methods
This retrospective study included all adults diagnosed with candidemia our tertiary university hospital from 2012–2017 who had at least 2 serum BDG determinations throughout the episode of fungemia (Fungitell Assay; positive cut-off ≥80pg/mL). Epidemiology and clinical outcomes were compared between patients with all negative versus any positive BDG tests. Poor clinical outcomes included complications due to candidemia or 30-day all-cause mortality.

Results
Overall, 26/148 (17.6%) candidemic adults had persistently negative BDG tests. These patients were less likely to present Candida growth in all 3 sets of blood cultures (15.4% vs 45.1%; P = .005) and had less severe clinical presentations (median Pitt score, 0 [interquartile range {IQR} 0–1] vs 1 [IQR 0–2] in patients with any positive BDG test; P = .039). Although adequate treatment was equally provided to both groups (96.2% in persistently negative group vs 93.4 in positive group; P = .599), the persistently negative group had a higher rate of microbiological clearance in the first follow-up blood cultures (92.3% vs 69.7% in positive group; P = .005), fewer complications due to candidemia (7.7% vs 33.6% in positive group; P = .008), a lower 30-day mortality rate (3.8% vs 23.8% in positive group; P = .004), and a shorter in-hospital stay (34 days [IQR 18–55] vs 51 days [IQR 35–91] in positive group; P = .003). In the multivariate analysis, persistently negative BDG tests were independently associated with better prognoses (odds ratio 0.12, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.49; P = .003).

Conclusions
Candidemic patients with persistently negative BDG tests present a better prognosis than the comparative group, probably due to a lower systemic fungal burden. In this context, the appropriate use of persistently negative BDG results could be an aid to individualize therapeutic management in the near future.
Markets from meaning: quality uncertainty and the intersubjective construction of value
Authors: Beckert Jens 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article explores price formation in markets where quality cannot be based on intrinsic characteristics of the good exchanged. In such markets, quality uncertainty is not an information problem as described by Akerlof in the market for lemons model. Instead, defining quality is a problem of contingent assessments that are arrived at intersubjectively through discursive practices and mutual observation of market participants. Quality is endogenous to the market process. Institutions and conventions play an important role, much as they do in the market for lemons model, but their function is to generate confidence rather than trust. Prices emerge in such markets from a combination of intersubjectively established quality assessments, institutions and existing structural characteristics of the market. I call this the markets from meaning model, which I develop based on the art market and expand to capital investments and financial speculation.
Economic development and complexity: the role of recombinant capital
Authors: Endres Anthony M , Harper David A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe neoclassical aggregate production-function concept of capital is unsuitable for the study of economic development. We provide a more realistic account of capital formation in which development is understood as a disruptive, disequilibrium process of creating (not merely allocating or accumulating) capital and in which capital is conceived as a ‘recombinant’ process. We draw upon the seminal ideas of Schumpeter, Lachmann and Hirschman to formulate the notion of recombinant capital. Capital is a complex, emergent constellation of resource connections rather than a neoclassical ‘stock’. We conceptualise recombinant capital formation as a process of transforming connections in production structures. Capital structures are the unintended outcome of polycentric interactions among private entrepreneurs and government actors (managers of state-owned enterprises and political entrepreneurs). Recombinant capital formation and capital structures emerge endogenously from the creation and destruction of complex connections. The standard distinction between ‘market failure’ and ‘government failure’ is critically deficient in analysing the structural economic dynamics engendered by recombinant capital. The fertility of our conceptual framework is illustrated by a study of major structural change in a small open economy. This structural change arose from the interpolation of a new, large-scale manufacturing industry in a capital structure previously dominated by primary industries.