bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil N2O emissions with different reduced tillage methods during the establishment of Miscanthus in temperate grassland
Authors: Holder Amanda J. , McCalmont Jon P. , Rowe Rebecca , McNamara Niall P. , Elias Dafydd , Donnison Iain S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn increase in renewable energy and the planting of perennial bioenergy crops is expected in order to meet global greenhouse gas (GHG) targets. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, and this paper addresses a knowledge gap concerning soil N2O emissions over the possible “hot spot” of land use conversion from established pasture to the biofuel crop Miscanthus. The work aims to quantify the impacts of this land use change on N2O fluxes using three different cultivation methods. Three replicates of four treatments were established: Miscanthus x giganteus (Mxg) planted without tillage; Mxg planted with light tillage; a novel seed‐based Miscanthus hybrid planted with light tillage under bio‐degradable mulch film; and a control of uncultivated established grass pasture with sheep grazing. Soil N2O fluxes were recorded every 2 weeks using static chambers starting from preconversion in April 2016 and continuing until the end of October 2017. Monthly soil samples were also taken and analysed for nitrate and ammonium. There was no significant difference in N2O emissions between the different cultivation methods. However, in comparison with the uncultivated pasture, N2O emissions from the cultivated Miscanthus plots were 550%–819% higher in the first year (April to December 2016) and 469%–485% higher in the second year (January to October 2017). When added to an estimated carbon cost for production over a 10 year crop lifetime (including crop management, harvest, and transportation), the measured N2O conversion cost of 4.13 Mg CO2‐eq./ha represents a 44% increase in emission compared to the base case. This paper clearly shows the need to incorporate N2O fluxes during Miscanthus establishment into assessments of GHG balances and life cycle analysis and provides vital knowledge needed for this process. This work therefore also helps to support policy decisions regarding the costs and benefits of land use change to Miscanthus.
The Productivity Effects of Worker Mobility Between Heterogeneous Firms
Authors: Stockinger Bastian , Wolf Katja 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We analyze the effect of worker inflows on establishments’ productivity, using German data. Previous studies for other countries have found positive effects of hiring workers from superior (more productive or higher paying) firms. Ranking establishments by their median wage, we find that inflows from inferior establishments seem to increase hiring establishments’ productivity. Further empirical analyses suggest our findings are due to a positive selection of such inflows from their sending establishments. These workers might have to find a better job match in order to advance their careers, an interpretation supported by the finding that the effect is driven by workers with short tenure at their previous employer. Our findings reflect the increasingly assortative pattern of worker mobility in Germany found in a related strand of literature.
Factors affecting TST level in patients undergoing dialysis: a multicenter study
Authors: Deniz Sami , Aydemir Yusuf , Şengül Aysun , Emre Jülide Çeldir , Tanrisev Mehmet , Özhan Mustafa Hikmet , Güney İbrahim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroduction: The risk of TB is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) when compared with individuals with normal renal function. We aimed to determine tuberculin skin test (TST) response and the factors which might affect the response in patients with CKD undergoing dialysis in this study.Methods: The purified protein derivative solution was administered to the patients and the diameter of induration was measured. Additionally, the age, gender and smoking status of the patients were interrogated. Comorbidities were recorded both by patients' self‐reports and data from the hospital files. The number of Bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) scars was recorded by checking both shoulders.Findings: The study was conducted with a total of 371 patients (194 men and 177 women). The mean age was 60.09 ± 15.88, TST was 6.99 ± 6.9, duration of dialysis was 4.44 ± 4.5 (3.8–0.1,24). A total of 229 patients have comorbodities (61.7%, the most frequent was hypertension). Logistic regression model was performed. Gender, vitamin D treatment and high parathormone (PTH) levels remained in the final stage of the analysis and vitamin D intake and PTH levels were detected to be statistically significant (P = 0.002, 0.007, respectively).Discussion: This study is the first study which showed a correlation between TST negativity and increased PTH levels and receiving vitamin D treatment. Starting from this point, it was concluded that PTH may suppress the immune system and especially cellular immunity.
Prospective monitoring of after‐hours nursing and technologist support calls to a regional Canadian home hemodialysis program
Authors: Reintjes Frances , Herian Nim , Shah Nikhil , Pauly Robert P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroduction: Increasing renal care providers offer home hemodialysis (HD) as a modality choice. There is considerable variation in the provision of after‐hours on‐call support for self‐dialyzing patients and no literature describing the utility of this service. In this prospective, observational study we sought to monitor and classify the number and nature of interactions between home patients and our on‐call nurses and technologists, and enumerate the number of adverse events averted by the availability of on‐call staff.Methods: Our home HD unit provided 24‐hour on‐call patient support and during a 4‐month period in 2012, we prospectively monitored all patient calls to this service. The nature of the calls was logged as nursing‐related vs. technical. Call outcomes were classified according to whether patients were able to initiate/resume their treatments or whether additional interventions were required.Findings: During this period, our program cared for 58 home HD patients. Nurses fielded 172 calls and dealt with 239 issues. One hundred nine (46%) were clinical issues including 5 (2%) of a serious nature involving potential harm; 67 (28%) related to machine setup or alarms, 36 (15%) required a technologist to resolve, and 27 (11%) were deemed non‐urgent. One hundred six issues were directed to technologists in 99 calls. Issues pertained to machine malfunction (45 calls—43%), machine set‐up and alarms (25 calls—24%), or the water system (24 calls—23%). Only 12 calls (11.3%) were not of a technical nature. Nursing and technologist support allowed patients to initiate or continue their treatment 75% and 71% of the time, respectively.Discussion: Home HD on‐call services provide patients support to successfully continue their dialysis treatments by troubleshooting clinical and technical aspects of dialysis and by averting potential adverse events.
User involvement in digital health: Working together to design smart home health technology
Authors: Burrows Alison , Meller Ben , Craddock Ian , Hyland Fiona , Gooberman‐Hill Rachael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPublic involvement adds value to numerous aspects of health research, yet few studies have attempted to evaluate its impact on research. Evidence of such impact is needed to develop recommendations for best practice and ensure adequate resourcing.AimTo evaluate public involvement within a large interdisciplinary Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) research project that focused on digital health.MethodsThe evaluation was conducted with members of the project's Public Advisory Groups (PAG) and with researchers who had participated in involvement activities. Two questionnaires were designed based on a public involvement value systems and clusters framework.ResultsResponses from members of the PAG (n = 10) were mostly positive towards normative values, which include moral, ethical and political aspects of involvement in research, and towards values concerning the conduct of public involvement and best practices. Researchers’ responses (n = 16) indicated they felt that involvement was generally effective and increased the quality, relevance and generalizability of their work. However, their responses about the validity of involvement in research were varied. They also highlighted several challenges including how well public involvement impacted on research, how decisions made in the research might differ from the views generated from public involvement, and barriers to researchers’ participation.Discussion and conclusionOur evaluation suggests that members of the public and the researchers value involvement. However, there is a need to consider how to embed public involvement to an even greater extent in STEM contexts and a need to address any barriers for researchers’ own involvement.
Moving between ideologies in self‐management support—A qualitative study
Authors: Bossy Dagmara , Knutsen Ingrid Ruud , Rogers Anne , Foss Christina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundReforms in current health policy explicitly endorse health promotion through group‐based self‐management support for people with long‐term conditions. Health promotion and traditional medicine are based on different logics. Accordingly, health professionals in health‐promoting settings demand the adoption of new practices and ways of thinking.ObjectivesThe objective of our study was to investigate how health professionals perceive the health‐promoting group‐based self‐management support that is politically initiated for people with long‐term conditions.DesignThis study had a qualitative research design that included focus group interviews and was guided by a social constructivist paradigm in which group‐based self‐management was viewed as a social construction. Different logics at play were analysed through the theoretical lens of institutional logic. Discussions among participants show frames of references seen as logics.Setting and participantsWe recruited health professionals from group‐based health‐promoting measures for people with type 2 diabetes in Norway. Two focus groups comprising four and six participants each were invited to discuss the practices and value of health promotion through group‐based self‐management support.ResultsThe analysis resulted in three themes of discussion among participants that contained reflections of logics in movement. Health professionals’ discussions moved between different logics based on the importance of expert‐based knowledge on compliance and on individual lifestyle choices.Discussion and conclusionThe study indicates that health promotion through self‐management support is still a field “in the making” and that professionals strive to establish new logics and practices that are not considered difficult to manage or do not contain incompatible understandings.
Coproduction and health: Public and clinicians’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators
Authors: Holland‐Hart Daniella M. , Addis Samia M. , Edwards Adrian , Kenkre Joyce E. , Wood Fiona 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCoproduction is an approach increasingly recognized across public services internationally. However, awareness of the term and the barriers and facilitators to its implementation in the NHS are not widely understood. This study examines clinician and public perceptions of coproduction within the context of the Prudent Healthcare initiative.ObjectivesTo provide insights into how coproduction is viewed by clinicians and the public and identify perceived barriers and facilitators to its implementation.DesignUsing qualitative research methods, interviews were conducted with the public (n = 40) and clinicians (n = 40). Five focus groups were also conducted with the public (n = 45) and six focus groups with clinicians (n = 26). The COM‐B model was used to analyse the data; key domains include Capability, Opportunity and Motivation.SettingThis is an all‐Wales study, involving six Health Boards, an NHS trust and community and patient groups.ResultsKey barriers relating to Capability include lack of awareness of the term coproduction and inadequate communication between clinicians and citizens. Opportunity‐centred barriers include service and time constraints. Conversely, facilitators included utilizing partnerships with community organizations. Motivation‐related barriers included preconceptions about patients’ limitations to coproduce.ConclusionsThere were broadly positive perceptions among participants regarding coproduction, despite initial unfamiliarity with the term. Despite study limitations including underrepresentation of employed public participants and junior doctors, our analysis may assist researchers and policymakers who are designing, implementing and evaluating interventions to promote coproduction.
“To know or not to know…?” Push and pull in ever smokers lung screening uptake decision‐making intentions
Authors: Tonge Janet E. , Atack Melanie , Crosbie Phil A. , Barber Phil V. , Booton Richard , Colligan Denis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn the United States, lung cancer screening aims to detect cancer early in nonsymptomatic current and former smokers. A lung screening pilot service in an area of high lung cancer incidence in the United Kingdom has been designed based on United States trial evidence. However, our understanding of acceptability and reasons for lung screening uptake or decline in a United Kingdom nontrial context are currently limited.ObjectiveTo explore with ever smokers the acceptability of targeted lung screening and uptake decision‐making intentions.DesignQualitative study using semistructured focus groups and inductive thematic analysis to explore acceptability and uptake decision‐making intentions with people of similar characteristics to lung screening eligible individuals.Setting and participantsThirty‐three participants (22 ex‐smokers; 11 smokers) men and women, smokers and ex‐smokers, aged 50‐80 were recruited purposively from community and health settings in Manchester, England.ResultsLung screening was widely acceptable to participants. It was seen as offering reassurance about lung health or opportunity for early detection and treatment. Participant's desire to know about their lung health via screening was impacted by perceived benefits; emotions such as worry about a diagnosis and screening tests; practicalities such as accessibility; and smoking‐related issues including perceptions of individual risk and smoking stigma.DiscussionDecision making was multifaceted with indications that current smokers faced higher participation barriers than ex‐smokers. Reducing participation barriers through careful service design and provision of decision support information will be important in lung screening programmes to support informed consent and equitable uptake.
Lipid organization in xerosis: the key of the problem?
Authors: Vyumvuhore R. , Michael‐Jubeli R. , Verzeaux L. , Boudier D. , Le Guillou M. , Bordes S. , Libong D. , Tfayli A. , Manfait M. , Closs B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough xerosis is a common skin disorder among the population, there is no in vivo global study focusing on xerotic skin. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterize xerotic skin from the surface to the molecular scale with in vivo and non‐invasive approaches.MethodsFor this purpose, 15 healthy volunteers with normal skin and 19 healthy volunteers with xerotic skin were selected by a dermatologist, thanks to a visual scorage. Firstly, the skin surface was characterized with biometric measurements. Then, the state of skin dryness was assessed by in vivo confocal microscopy. The molecular signature of xerotic skin was then determined by in vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy. Finally, an identification of stratum corneum (SC) lipids was performed using Normal phase liquid chromatography (NP‐LC) coupled to two detectors: Corona and High Resolution/Mass Spectroscopy (HR/MS).ResultsResults obtained at the skin surface displayed an increase in the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and a decrease in the hydration rate in xerotic skin. Confocal microscopy revealed an alteration of the cell shape in xerotic skin. Moreover, confocal Raman microspectroscopy demonstrated directly in vivo and non‐invasively the lack of organization and conformation of lipids in this skin. Finally, HPLC analyses revealed that the three ceramide sub‐classes (NdS, NS and EOP) significantly decrease in xerosis. Altogether, these results identify parameters for the characterization of xerotic skin compared to normal.ConclusionThis study highlighted discriminative parameters from the surface to the molecular level in vivo and non‐invasively between xerotic and normal skins. These results will be useful for the development of new cosmetic active ingredients dedicated to xerotic skin.
Optically trapped delayed elasticity in germanium selenide glass fibers
Authors: Gueguen Yann , Dergal Asma , Rahmoun Khadidja , Keryvin Vincent , Bureau Bruno , Lucas Pierre , Sangleboeuf Jean‐Christophe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChalcogenide glasses undergo viscosity decrease under light irradiation (“photofluidity”). This effect has been known and investigated for many years now. Nevertheless, what is less well known, is that light irradiation impacts the whole viscoelastic behavior, and especially the delayed elasticity (or “anelasticity”). We investigate here the impact of light irradiation on delayed elastic recovery and compare it to the effect of temperature jumps. We show that photoinduced processes behind the photofluidity superimpose over the “natural” thermally activated processes. They produce their own contribution to the delayed elastic deformation without disturbing, or being disturbed, by the thermally activated processes. This contribution can be trapped by stopping the irradiation. Additionally, this trapping opens new routes to investigate photofluidity, by separating the photoinduced from the thermally activated processes. According to the experimental results, we also specify here the modified equations of linear viscoelasticity giving the evolution of the deformation during cycles of light irradiation.
New insights into socially responsible consumers: The role of personal values
Authors: Lee Jaejin , Cho Moonhee 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGiven increasing interest in both socially responsible consumption behavior (SRCB) and socially responsible corporate practices in marketing, this study addressed the effects of several personal traits on SRCB (i.e., personal values, collectivism, age, and gender). Findings from an online survey revealed that consumers who valued self‐transcendence (e.g., benevolence and universalism) were more likely to engage in socially responsible consumption (e.g., recycling, avoiding, or reducing usage of products that do long‐term damage to the environment) than those who valued social status and prestige, social power, authority, and wealth. Furthermore, the findings show that older adults and women tended to engage in more SRCB than younger adults and men. Findings also indicate that age and gender were antecedents to the values of self‐transcendence and self‐enhancement.
Photoprotective effect of mycosporine‐like aminoacids extracts on natamycin, saffron carotenoids and epigallocatechin gallate in acidified beverages exposed to different light sources
Authors: Teixeira Gustavo Henrique de Almeida , Morelli Luiza , Ma Sihui , Stewart Amanda , O'Keefe Sean Francis 
Published: October 2018

SummaryNatamycin has been used as a natural food additive to control the growth of many microorganisms. However, this polyene is very sensitive to light exposure. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the photoprotective effect of mycosporine‐like aminoacids (MAA) in acidified beverages containing natamycin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and saffron carotenoids (SC) stored in three conditions: fluorescent, low and high intensity Light‐Emitting Diode (LED) light. Crude MAA extract addition resulted in faster degradation of natamycin, EGCG, and SG. Even in the presence of EDTA‐Na, there was higher degradation of natamycin in the presence of MAA extracts. Purification of the MAA extracts using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) resulted in slight, but significantly better retention of natamycin under fluorescent and low LED lighting; this was not seen at high LED, however. Therefore, purified MAA extract expressed a potential photoprotective effect on natamycin in acidified beverages.
Supporting the on‐call primary care physician with community paramedicine
Authors: Chellappa Deepa K. , DeCherrie Linda V. , Escobar Christian , Gregoriou Diana , Munjal Kevin G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrior to being referred to the emergency department (ED), patients such as the frail elderly often call their primary care physician. However, the on‐call primary care physician or covering provider does not always have the tools to make an accurate and safe assessment over the phone or to treat patients remotely. This often results in preventable transport to an ED, avoidable admissions and iatrogenic events. An opportunity exists to reduce unnecessary ED referrals by enhancing the capabilities of the on‐call primary care physician. In this communication, we describe the development of a community paramedicine programme that supports on‐call primary care providers managing a high‐risk patient population with the goal of reducing avoidable ED referrals.
Decompressive hemicraniectomy after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction: does hospital of origin matter?
Authors: Smyth Duncan , Weatherall Mark , Rosemergy Ian , Woon Kelvin , Lanford Jeremy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDecompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) has been shown to reduce mortality in malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Our primary objective was to compare 1‐year mortality between patients receiving DHC for malignant MCA infarction at our institution based on hospital of origin. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients treated for malignant MCA infarction with DHC at our institution over a 3‐year period. One‐year mortality rates and time to surgery were comparable regardless of whether the patient first attended the tertiary referral centre or a peripheral centre.
Changing landscape of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer germline genetic testing in Australia
Authors: Petelin Lara , James Paul A. , Trainer Alison H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFederal funding for germline genetic testing in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) was recently introduced. Germline testing for HBOC under Medicare Benefits Schedule items 73296/73297 can be requested by any specialist, whereas the previous state‐ and territory‐funded testing was limited to those operating within a familial cancer service. The impact of this decentralisation of HBOC testing on health and economic outcomes is uncertain, primarily as it has potential to significantly disrupt the clinical framework that generated the evidence used to justify clinical implementation of the Medicare Benefits Schedules.
Absence of renal phenotype in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Healy Lachlan , Nicholls Kathleen , Gibson Robert , Stella Damien , Bogwitz Michael , Taylor Jessica , Walsh Maie , Donaldson Liz , Winship Ingrid 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is characterised by abnormal blood vessel formation, producing telangiectasia and arteriovenous malformations in multiple organs. Information regarding possible renal involvement in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia is limited. This study assessed renal structure and function in 11 patients with genetically confirmed diagnosis and known arteriovenous malformations in lung, liver, gastrointestinal tract or brain. All had significant current or past epistaxis. Despite the vascularity of the kidneys, we found no evidence of renal involvement. This observation warrants further consideration.