bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Automated Sparse Channel Estimation Framework for MU‐MIMO‐OFDM System With Adaptive Extreme Learning and Heuristic Mechanism
Authors: Roji Y. , Jayasankar K. , Nirmala Devi L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCompressed sensing is used for channel estimation in Multiple Input Multiple Output‐Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO‐OFDM) systems, but large‐scale networks face challenges regarding the antenna elements and spatial non‐stationarities. To enhance spectral efficiency in Multi User‐MIMO (MU‐MIMO) systems, essential signals are collected by Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) in the transformer phase. Further, the modulated signals are provided to the “Pulse Shaping Algorithm (PSA)” for neglecting the inter‐symbol interference rate along with inter‐carrier interference. Subsequently, in the transmitter phase, the “Inverse Fast Fourier Transforms (IFFT)” technique is performed to map the symbols and then provide the signal to the receiver side. The spare channel is validated using a semi‐blind sparse algorithm, with parameters tuned using the Opposition Mud Ring Algorithm (OMRA). Then, the estimated sparse channel values are used for generating the new data, and the Adaptive Extreme Learning Model (AELM) is trained to predict the spare channel outcome. The main objective is to reduce the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) in the channel. Thus, the spare channel outcome is predicted automatically using the AELM. Then, diverse evaluations are executed in the suggested spare channel estimation approach over the different mechanisms to observe their effectualness rate.
Spiking Quantum Fire Hawk Network Based Reliable Scheduling for Lifetime Maximization of Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Kiran W. S. , Wilson Allan J. , Radhamani A. S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTManaging energy consumption poses a substantial challenge within Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) due to frequent communication among sensor nodes. A reliable scheduling framework presents a promising solution for maximizing WSN lifetime, minimizing energy consumption, and ensuring robust communication. Despite various proposed methods for reliable scheduling, energy consumption remains high. To address this, a spiking quantum fire hawk network‐based reliable scheduling in WSN is introduced. This research incorporates clustering, duty‐cycle management, and reliable routing to enhance energy efficiency. An improved Nutcracker Optimization‐based Cluster Head (CH) election and Spiking Quantum Fire Hawk Network duty cycling contribute to optimal CH selection and increased network lifetime. Additionally, a Link Quality‐based Energy Aware Proficient Trusted Routing Protocol (LQEAP‐TRP) minimizes data transmission delay, offering reliable routing. Finally, the data communication is done in the reliable route. The developed approach is executed in Network Simulator and validated with the existing protocols. The results of the simulations indicate that the proposed approach achieves a network lifetime of 99.34% and a packet delivery ratio of 99.95%.
Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus reuteri by Emulsion Technique and Evaluation of Microparticle Properties and Bacterial Viability Under Storage, Processing, and Digestive System Conditions
Authors: Teymoori Forough , Roshanak Sahar , Bolourian Shadi , Mozafarpour Rassoul , Shahidi Fakhri 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this research, the emulsification method was used to encapsulate Lactobacillus reuteri in microparticles of whey protein concentrate (WPC) at different levels (1%, 2%, and 4%) and gum Arabic (GA) at three levels (0/5%, 1%, and 1/5%) and a constant level of sunflower oil (5%). The results showed that emulsions with higher quantities of wall materials exhibited better encapsulation efficiency (67%/57%) and preservation ability at different temperatures, different pH, and presence of 1% bile salt. During the storage time, the droplet size of the emulsion increased more than two times (from 2.2 to 4.6 μm) and the absolute zeta potential of the optimal emulsion decreased (from −19/63 to −16/76 mV). Encapsulating Lactobacillus reuteri in the stabilized emulsion with the highest concentration of wall material improved the cells' protection during storage. The study also observed a decline in the number of primary encapsulated live cells in the gastrointestinal tract (from 4/32 to 3/58 Log CFU/mL) after 90 days of storage. In the case of the nonencapsulated sample, the initial live population decreased from 2.8 to 1 Log CFU/mL after 90 days of storage. The electron microscope images showed that the emulsions became unstable after 30, 60, and 90 days of storage, but the microbial cells were still visible in the continuous phase. Overall, encapsulating Lactobacillus reuteri using emulsification technique can preserve the probiotics during storage and “in vitro” gastrointestinal digestion.
Suppressing Effect of Flavonoid Compounds on Lipids Photooxidation of Sheep Red Blood Cells and Oleic Acid Photooxidation
Authors: Hajimohammadi Mahdi , Sheikh Mahboobi Fatemeh , Wu Haizhou 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPhotosensitizers and pigments in raw meat such as porphyrins, riboflavin, and myoglobin after incorporation with light beam prompt the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) from triplet oxygen (3O2) and cause oxidative rancidity of meat products. In this study, the results of photooxidation reactions of sheep erythrocyte (red blood cell) model as a model rich in hemoglobin and phospholipids bilayer, and oleic acid model were obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy, TBARS assay, and iodometric titration. In both models, the rate of lipid photooxidation in the presence of hydroalcoholic extracts of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) as natural antioxidants, Butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a synthetic antioxidant, and sodium azide (NaN3) as a well‐known 1O2 scavenger were decreased in the order of NaN3 > Turmeric > Cumin > BHT. It was proven that during the photooxidation process, there is a direct association between the amount of flavonoid compounds and 1O2 scavenging.
Enhancing CO2 uptake by aqueous K2CO3 solutions using H2O2‐derived reactive oxygen species: Novel rate promotion for CCU processes
Authors: Shirman Eugene , Sasson Yoel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a novel approach to promote CO2 absorption by aqueous K2CO3 solutions through the in‐situ generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the alkali activation of H2O2. The superoxide radical anion (O2•‐) is recognized as a major contributor in this process, with its presence confirmed by UV‐Vis (Ultraviolet–visible) spectroscopy through the characteristic diformazan peak formed from the reaction between nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) and superoxide. CO2 absorption experiments and 13C NMR (Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance) characterization demonstrate the enhanced efficiency of the promoted solution in both CO2 absorption and the conversion of K2CO3 to KHCO3. Comparative analysis with traditional promoters reveals the superior kinetic performance of the H2O2‐promoted system at room temperature. Notably, our system yields pure KHCO3 without by‐products, making it highly suitable for carbon capture and utilization (CCU) by enabling versatile subsequent transformation processes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aquaporin‐4 activation facilitates glymphatic system function and hematoma clearance post‐intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Wenchao , Liang Chuntian , Peng Shasha , Bao Shuangjin , Xue Fang , Lian Xia , Liu Yinghong , Wang Gaiqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEfficient clearance of hematomas is crucial for improving clinical outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The glymphatic system, facilitated by aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), plays a crucial role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) entry and metabolic waste clearance. This study examined the role of the glymphatic system in ICH pathology, with a focus on AQP4. Collagenase‐induced ICH models were established, with AQP4 expression regulated through mifepristone as an agonist, TGN‐020 as an inhibitor, and Aqp4 gene knockout. Fluorescence tracing and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were employed to observe glymphatic system functionality, hematoma, and edema volumes. Neurological deficit scoring was performed using the modified Garcia Scale. AQP4 expression was quantified using RT‐qPCR and Western blotting, and cellular localization was explored using immunofluorescence. The brain tissue sections were examined for neuronal morphology, degenerative changes, and iron deposition. Three days post‐ICH, the AQP4 agonist group showed increased AQP4 protein expression and perivascular polarization, decreased hemoglobin levels, and reduced iron deposition. Conversely, the inhibition group exhibited contrasting trends. AQP4 activation improved glymphatic system function, leading to a wider distribution, improved neurological function, and reduced hematoma. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockout of AQP4 have opposing effects. The glymphatic system, facilitated by AQP4, plays a crucial role in hematoma clearance following cerebral hemorrhage. Upregulation of AQP4 improves glymphatic system function, facilitates hematoma clearance, and promotes brain tissue recovery.
Macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming in abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Hou Ningxin , Zhou Hongmin , Li Jun , Xiong Xiaoxing , Deng Hongping , Xiong Sizheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a macrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The limitation of the current management is that most patients can only be followed up until the AAA diameter increases to a threshold, and surgical intervention is recommended. The development of preventive and curative drugs for AAA is urgently needed. Macrophage‐mediated immune inflammation is one of the key pathological links in the occurrence and development of AAA.AimsThis review article aims to evaluate the impact of immunometabolism on macrophage biology and its role in AAA.MethodsWe analyze publications focusing on the polarization and metabolic reprogramming in macrophages as well as their potential impact on AAA, and summarize the potential interventions that are currently available to regulate these processes.ResultsThe phenotypic and functional changes in macrophages are accompanied by significant alterations in metabolic pathways. The interaction between macrophage polarization and metabolic pathways significantly influences the progression of AAA.ConclusionMacrophage polarization is a manifestation of the gross dichotomy of macrophage function into pro‐inflammatory killing and tissue repair, that is, classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. Macrophage functions are closely linked to metabolic changes, and the emerging field of immunometabolism is providing unique insights into the role of macrophages in AAA. It is essential to further investigate the precise metabolic changes and their functional consequences in AAA‐associated macrophages.
Key imaging perspectives on Achilles tendon tears—A radiological roadmap: Pictorial essay
Authors: Patle Amit , Srirambhatla Annapurna , Arora Abhishek J. , Lakkireddy Maheshwar , Velladurai Madhavan , Maley Deepak Kumar , Kapoor Mohit 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAchilles tendon tears (ATT) are commonly encountered in clinical practice although it is the strongest tendon in the body. ATT are reported to occur in 0.04% of the population annually. ATT may result from high impact sports trauma such as sudden dorsiflexion while weight bearing or repeated microtrauma to a compromised tendon. Multiple factors can decrease the tensile strength of the tendon predisposing it to rupture. The treatment approach for ATT is multifaceted, dependent on factors such as the degree of tear, distance between the retracted portions, tear location, and also on patient factors such as occupation and underlying predisposing factors. In this pictorial essay, we present the imaging features of normal Achilles tendon and in ATT across different modalities and outline essential reporting criteria for ATT.
Superb Microvascular Imaging Is Better Than Power Doppler Ultrasound in Diagnosing Subclinical Synovitis in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis in Remission
Authors: Kurtulus Ozturk Esin , Kelesoglu Dincer Ayse Bahar , Ozturk Saffet 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the value and reliability of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in detecting subclinical synovial inflammation in patients with inflammatory arthritis.MethodsAll patients with inflammatory arthritis who had achieved clinical remission were retrospectively analyzed and evaluated with SMI and power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS). Subclinical synovitis was graded by a semiquantitative score (0–3) for each imaging method. Imaging findings and synovitis scores were compared between the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) group and non‐RA group.ResultsEighty RA patients with 270 joints and 38 non‐RA patients with 112 joints were recruited. In all patients, the remission rates of SMI and PDUS were 73.7% and 79.7%, respectively. The remission rates by SMI were found lower and the sensitivity of SMI was higher than PDUS in both RA and non‐RA groups. Compared with PDUS, the number of joint count with synovial vascular flow signals was found to be significantly higher in SMI in each group (p < 0.001). Moreover, semiquantitative ultrasound scores were found significantly higher with SMI in each joint (p < 0.001).ConclusionSMI appears to be better than PDUS in detecting synovial signals in terms of joint number and vascularity scoring in monitoring disease activity in patients with inflammatory arthritis in clinical remission. Future research should focus on SMI and new ultrasound‐based activity scores to identify and achieve true remission.
The composition and mode of delivery of diabetes‐related footcare education provided by podiatrists in Australia and Aotearoa (New Zealand): A systematic review
Authors: Al Husaini Maasooma , Searle Angela , Chuter Vivienne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionDiabetes‐related foot disease (DFD) is a significant and costly complication of diabetes in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Diabetes footcare education is considered a cornerstone of DFD prevention and management, with podiatrists playing a key role in education provision. This systematic review evaluated the nature and composition of diabetes footcare education provided by podiatrists to people living with diabetes in Australia and NZ.MethodsMedline, EBSCO, Megafile Ultimate and Cochrane library databases were conducted from inception until January 31, 2024 to identify studies reporting on the mode of delivery and composition, including frequency, of diabetes footcare education provided to people with diabetes by podiatrists in Australia and NZ.ResultsFrom a total of 226 abstracts screened, 4 studies with 878 participants were included. Three studies were from Australia and 1 from NZ. Studies included podiatrists in both private and public health sectors and used cross‐sectional web‐based surveys or observation. Components of diabetes footcare education included education on neuropathy and vascular foot health, footwear and general foot health/hygiene. This education was provided by podiatrists from both countries routinely. Verbal education was the most frequently used method of delivery. There was no significant difference between content, mode of delivery and frequency of diabetes footcare education between private and public practitioners in either country. No studies reported on culturally responsive content or education delivery methods.ConclusionThere are little available data on the composition or mode of delivery of diabetes footcare education provided by podiatrists in Australia and NZ to people living with diabetes. A range of footcare education is provided, most frequently verbally. Further qualitative research is required to conclusively establish the composition and delivery methods used for diabetes footcare education provided by podiatrists. In addition, the provision of culturally responsive diabetes footcare education and availability of related culturally responsive supporting resources is yet to be established.
HLA‐B*15 Is Associated With SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection in a Brazilian Population
Authors: Facco João V. , Addas‐Carvalho Marcelo , Duarte Adriana da Silva Santos , Zangirolami Audrey B. , Benites Bruno D. , Saad Sara T. O. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTStudies have suggested an association between polymorphisms in class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex, specifically the human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2. To explore this, 135 individuals with positive serological tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 were recruited. All the samples were collected before the advent of vaccines, avoiding immunization effects. Participants were divided into high and low neutralizing antibody titer groups, and polymorphisms in HLA‐A, HLA‐B, and HLA‐DRB1 genes were examined using PCR‐SSO. Allele prevalence in the study population was compared to the National Bone Marrow Volunteer Donors Register (REDOME) in São Paulo and between the high and low titer groups within the study population. Results indicated that the HLA‐B*15 polymorphism was more prevalent in the COVID‐19 positive group compared to the control population (COVID‐19 = 0.1370; Control = 0.0875; p = 0.0067). The HLA‐B*18 polymorphism was less prevalent in the COVID‐19 group (COVID‐19 = 0.0185; Control = 0.0534; p = 0.0064). Additionally, the HLA‐A*30 polymorphism was more prevalent in the high titer group within the (high = 0.10937; low = 0.02816; p = 0.0125). Other polymorphisms showed no significant differences. These findings align with international studies, suggesting these genes plays a role in COVID‐19 pathophysiology, however, further research is required to fully understand their impact.
The 2024 Outbreak of Parvovirus B19 as a Global Obstetrical Threat Insights From an Obstetrics Referral Center in Northern Italy
Authors: Tassis Beatrice , Testa Lea , Pampo Fulvia , Boito Simona , Tiso Giulia , Accurti Veronica , Cetin Irene , Persico Nicola 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA significant increase in Parvovirus B 19 (B19V) infections has been reported in the last months in some European countries. This outbreak could be highly detrimental for pregnant women, considering the capacity of the virus to harm the fetus. However, the magnitude and spread of this outbreak is yet unclear. Evidence from other areas is required and there is the need to focus more on the impact on pregnancy. To this aim, pregnant women with B19V infection who were managed in a referral hospital located in Milan, Northern Italy were reviewed. The primary aim was comparing the number of ascertained cases of B19V infection in the period January–July 2024 to the number of cases recorded in the previous 9 years (2015–2023). Overall, the number of B19V infections markedly increased in the first 7 months of 2024. Until 2023, the number of cases per year were below 7, with no cases reported in 2020–2022, while in the period January‐July 2024, the number raised to 59 (p < 0.001). Maternal characteristics and fetal outcomes before and after January 2024 did not differ. In conclusion, Italy is also involved in the ongoing outbreak of B19V infection and pregnant women are exposed to this threat.Synopsis:An outbreak of Parvovirus B19 infections is currently ongoing in Italian pregnant women.
Viral Loads of Pneumoviruses: Correlation With Coinfection Rates and Disease Severity
Authors: Talah Sarah , Carbonneau Julie , Hamelin Marie‐Eve , Gilca Rodica , Boivin Guy 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe looked at the interactions between viral loads, coinfection rates and disease severity for children infected with two pneumoviruses: human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The HMPV RNA load in nasopharyngeal swabs of hospitalized children was significantly higher in mono‐infections compared to coinfections but this was not the case for RSV, which could be explained by different innate immune responses. Also, the viral load of neither of the two viruses was associated with disease severity although RSV‐infected children had higher severity scores than HMPV‐infected children.
Detecting the Vertical Structure of Extreme Precipitation in the Headwater Area of Yellow River Using the Dual‐Frequency Precipitation Radar Onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission
Authors: Song Jia , Qi Weiqing , Lyu Yi , Zhang Haiwei , Song Yang , Shi Tao , Wen Yixin , Yong Bin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the context of global warming, the rise in extreme precipitation events in high‐altitude headwater areas has introduced greater hydrological uncertainty. However, the limited understanding of the physical mechanisms driving extreme precipitation in these areas hinders efforts to mitigate the potential rise in future precipitation risks. This study analysed the extreme precipitation events in the headwater area of the Yellow River (HAYR) from May to September each year from 2015 to 2020 using satellite‐based data from Dual‐frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory and Integrated Multi‐satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG). The results show that stratiform precipitation (SP) determines the spatial extent of extreme precipitation events, while convective precipitation (CP) largely affects the rainfall intensity. Statistical analysis from different extreme precipitation events indicates that the rain rate of CP is 2 to 3 times higher than that of SP, thus zones of intense precipitation in the study area are normally dominated by CP. Vertically, the topographic lifting in complex mountainous regions exerts opposite effects on the precipitation rates of SP and CP, weakening the precipitation intensity of SP while enhancing that of CP. The peak precipitation rate in the midstream and downstream regions is observed at approximately 5 km, whereas the upstream region displays a distinctive double‐peaked distribution, with one peak at 8.5 km and another near the surface. This study provides a better understanding of the interior structure evolution process of plateau precipitation, as well as the associated microphysical properties, and highlights some insights to improve microphysical parameterization in the future model developments.
“Everyone Wants to Drive There”: Challenges to Transport Sustainability in Rural Tourism Destinations
Authors: Waleghwa Beatrice , Ioannides Dimitri 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding transport challenges is inevitable for transitioning to a low‐carbon rural tourism future. Using social representation theory, this study examines how tourism and transport practitioners perceive transport challenges in rural destinations and how they overcome these problems. The multi‐method qualitative approach adopted involves semi‐structured interviews with practitioners, participant observation, and document analysis in the Swedish destinations of Åre and Sälen. Findings reveal social representations of transport challenges at both destinations, namely, “a car‐dependent society”, a “non‐desirable transport future” and “wicked transport problems”. Practitioners in these places address these challenges in several ways. Surprisingly, one solution is to promote flying to the destinations. This particular solution, not to mention the destinations' overreliance on private automobile use illustrates that they have not yet begun transitioning to a low carbon transport future. This situation highlights the urgency to encourage sustainable mobility development to and within these destinations.