bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative impact of malignant effusion on osimertinib treatment for non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR mutation
Authors: Kawamura Takahisa , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Kobayashi Haruki , Omori Shota , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Wakuda Kazushige , Ono Akira , Naito Tateaki , Murakami Haruyasu , Mori Keita , Endo Masahiro , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: June 2019

Summary
3rd-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including osimertinib, have reasonable efficacy in non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations. However, the efficacy of osimertinib in NSCLC patients with fluids, such as pleural, pericardial and abdominal effusions, is unclear. We evaluated the efficacy of osimertinib in this specific setting. NSCLC patients harboring EGFR T790 M mutations who experienced progressive disease after first EGFR-TKI treatment and started osimertinib treatment between April 2016 and August 2018 were retrospectively screened. In particular, we assessed the efficacy of osimertinib for NSCLC with EGFR T790 M mutations in patients who were diagnosed with EGFR T790 M mutation by malignant effusion. Among 90 patients with EGFR T790 M mutation who started osimertinib treatment after EGFR-TKI failure, 21 were diagnosed from malignant effusions excluding cerebrospinal fluid (F group) and 69 using other methods including tissue biopsies (NF group). Patient characteristics were well-balanced between the two groups. Overall response was 50%, and significantly worse in the F group (29%) than the NF group (57%; P = 0.025). Median progression-free survival with osimertinib treatment in the F group (7.1 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3–14.0) was significantly shorter than that in the NF group (11.9 months, 95% CI: 9.5–16.0; P = 0.046)). Median drainage-free time was 10.9 months (95% CI: 1.4 months– not reached). The present study showed that the efficacy of osimertinib for NSCLC in which EGFR T790 M mutation is detected by malignant effusion may be less than in EGFR T790 M-mutated NSCLC detected by other methods.
Factors Associated with Low Sexual Desire in 45-Year-Old Men: Findings from the German Male Sex-Study
Authors: Meissner Valentin H. , Schroeter Lukas , Köhn Frank-Michael , Kron Martina , Zitzmann Michael , Arsov Christian , Imkamp Florian , Hadaschik Boris , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Herkommer Kathleen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionAlthough low sexual desire is 1 of the most common sexual dysfunctions in men, there is a lack of studies investigating associated factors in large, population-based samples of middle-aged men.AimTo survey the prevalence of low sexual desire in a population-based sample of 45-year-old German men and to evaluate associations with a broad set of factors.MethodsData were collected between April 2014–April 2016 within the German Male Sex-Study. Participants were asked to fill out questionnaires about 6 sociodemographic, 5 lifestyle, and 8 psychosocial factors, as well as 6 comorbidities and 4 factors of sexual behavior. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to assess potential explanatory factors.Main Outcome MeasuresWe found a notable prevalence of low sexual desire in middle-aged men and detected associations with various factors.Results12,646 men were included in the analysis, and prevalence of low sexual desire was 4.7%. In the multiple logistic regression with backward elimination, 8 of 29 factors were left in the final model. Men having ≥2 children, higher frequency of solo-masturbation, perceived importance of sexuality, and higher sexual self-esteem were less likely to have low sexual desire. Premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, and lower urinary tract symptoms were associated with low sexual desire.Clinical ImplicationsLow sexual desire is common in middle-aged men, and associating factors that can potentially be modified should be considered during assessment and treatment of sexual desire disorders.Strengths & LimitationsThe strength of our study is the large, population-based sample of middle-aged men and the broad set of assessed factors. However, because of being part of a prostate cancer screening trial, a recruiting bias is arguable.ConclusionOur study revealed that low sexual desire among 45-year-old men is a common sexual dysfunction, with a prevalence of nearly 5% and might be affected by various factors, including sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, as well as comorbidities and sexual behavior.
Clarification of the Concept of Risk Communication and its Role in Public Health Crisis Management in China
Authors: Qiu Wuqi , Chu Cordia 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRisk communication plays a very important role in the prevention of public health crisis events and has been considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be 1 of the main functions of an emergency public health crisis. However, it is a relatively new research field in China, so many people have mistaken understandings of risk communication. This article will describe the concept and importance of risk communication and briefly introduce the role of risk communication in public health crisis management. It also provides information for the prevention of public health crisis events in the future.
New subfamily Indovolutinae and other volutids (Volutidae, Gastropoda) from the Eocene of Kutch, western India and their paleobiogeographic implications
Authors: Halder Kalyan , Das Shrestha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeven species belonging to the gastropod family Volutidae are reported for the first time from Kutch, Gujarat, India. They arePrestrombusaff.Prestrombus rockeiCox, 1931,Indovoluta humberti(d'Archiac and Haime, 1854),Indovoluta multidentata(d'Archiac and Haime, 1854),Involuta daviesiCox, 1931,Involuta coxinew species,Athleta(Volutocorbis)harnaiensisCox, 1931, andLyriacf.Lyria punjabensisEames, 1952. Indovolutinae new subfamily, constituted of the Paleogene generaPrestrombusDouvillé, 1929,IndovolutaEames, 1956,InvolutaCox, 1931, andLyrischapaAldrich, 1911, and the Cretaceous genusGosaviaStoliczka, 1865, is proposed. These forms have elaborate development of columellar plaits. All of these genera evolved in the western part of the Indian subcontinent. They, exceptLyrischapa, also largely remained restricted to this area.Lyrischapaflourished in the Americas after possibly migrating through the southern margin of the relict Tethys Ocean and crossing the Atlantic Ocean. It is argued that the geographic and temporal restriction of this new subfamily was due to lecithotrophic larval development.UUID:http://zoobank.org/14bc056f-1d2e-4674-b624-9eb8e856a1f0
Between strategy and protest: how policy demand, political dissatisfaction and strategic incentives matter for far-right voting
Authors: Cohen Denis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhat attracts voters to far-right parties? Emphasizing the repercussions of far-right parties' past achievements on the mobilization of voters' electoral demand, this paper develops an argument of context-dependent strategic far-right voting. Far-right parties seek to mobilize on a combination of demand for nativist policies and anti-establishment protest sentiment. Their capacity of doing so, however, critically depends on the strategic incentives they supply. My findings from a comparative analysis based on six waves of the European Election Study show that far-right parties' past attainment of legislative strength boosts the credibility of their policy appeal and broadens the scope of their protest appeal whereas their participation in government jeopardizes their capacity to mobilize on popular discontent.
Chronicle of International Events
Authors: Stanton Otis G. 
Published: June 2019

Abbreviations: Ann. sc. pol., Annates des sciences politiques, Paris; Ann. Vie Int., Annuaire de la Vie Internationale, Brussels; Arch, dipl., Archives Diplomatiques, Paris; B., boletin, bulletin, bolletino; P. A. U., bulletin of the Pan American Union, Washington; Clunet, J. de Dr. Int. Prive, Paris; Doc. dipl., France, Documents diplomatiques; B. Rel. Ext., Boletin de Relaciones Exteriores; Dr., droit, diritto, derecho; D. 0., Diario Oficial; For. rel., Foreign Relations of the United States; Ga., gazette, gaceta, gazzetta; Cd., Great Britain, Parliamentary Papers; Int., international, internacional, internazionale; J., journal; J. O.,Journal Officiel, Paris; Vint. Sc, L’Internationalism Scientifique, The Hague; Mim. dipl., Memorial diplomatique, Paris; Monit., Moniteur beige, Brussels; N. R. G., Nouveau recueil generate de traites, Leipzig; Q. dipl., Questions diplomatiques et coloniales; R., review, revista, revue, rivista; Reichs G., Reichs-Gesetzblatt, Berlin; Stoats., Staatsblad, Groningen; State Papers, British and Foreign State Papers, London; Stat, at L., United States Statutes at Large; Titnes, the Times (London); Treaty ser., Great Britain, Treaty series.
Effects of Mediterranean diet supplemented with lean pork on blood pressure and markers of cardiovascular risk: findings from the MedPork trial
Authors: Wade Alexandra T. , Davis Courtney R. , Dyer Kathryn A. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Woodman Richard J. , Murphy Karen J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Mediterranean diet offers a range of health benefits. However, previous studies indicate that the restricted consumption of red meat in the diet may affect long-term sustainability in non-Mediterranean countries. A 24-week randomised controlled parallel cross-over design compared a Mediterranean diet supplemented with 2–3 serves per week of fresh, lean pork (MedPork) with a low-fat control diet (LF). Thirty-three participants at risk of CVD followed each intervention for 8 weeks, with an 8-week washout period separating interventions. The primary outcome was home-measured systolic blood pressure. Secondary outcomes included diastolic blood pressure, fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), body composition and dietary adherence. During the MedPork intervention, participants achieved high adherence to dietary guidelines. Compared with the MedPork intervention, the LF intervention led to greater reductions in weight (Δ = −0·65; 95 % CI −0·04, −1·25 kg,P= 0·04), BMI (Δ = −0·25; 95 % CI −0·03, −0·47 kg/m2,P= 0·01) and waist circumference (Δ = −1·40; 95 % CI −0·45, −2·34 cm,P< 0·01). No significant differences were observed for blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin or CRP. These findings indicate that Australians are capable of adhering to a Mediterranean diet with 2–3 weekly serves of fresh, lean pork. Larger intervention studies are now required to demonstrate clinical efficacy of the diet in populations with elevated blood pressure.
Modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/cyclo-oxygenase-2 pathway associated with attenuation of intestinal mucosa inflammatory damage by Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets
Authors: Fan Changyou , Han Jie , Liu Xianjun , Zhang Fei , Long Yingshan , Xie Qitao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntestinal barrier inflammatory damage is commonly accompanied by hypoxia. The hypothesis that dietary Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides (ASPS) might modulate the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signalling pathway and contribute to attenuate intestinal injury was tested in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. Thirty-six weaned pigs were randomly allocated to one of the following three groups: (1) basal diet + saline challenge; (2) basal diet + LPS challenge; (3) basal diet with 800 mg/kg ASPS + LPS challenge. LPS was injected at 15, 18 and 21 d, and intestinal sections were sampled following blood collection at 21 d . The results showed ASPS reversed (P < 0·05) LPS-induced decrease in average daily feed intake and rise (P < 0·05) of diarrhoea incidence and index. Biochemical index reflecting gut barrier damage and function involving ileal pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and enzyme activity (diamine oxidase and lactase), as well as circulatory d-xylose, was normalised (P < 0·05) in LPS-challenged piglets receiving ASPS. ASPS also ameliorated intestinal morphological deterioration of LPS-challenged piglets, proved by elevated ileal villus height (P < 0·05) and improved appearance of epithelial villus and tight junction ultrastructure. Moreover, ASPS prevented LPS-induced amplification of inflammatory mediators, achieved by depressed ileal mRNA abundance of TNF-α, inducible NO synthase and IL-1β concentration. Importantly, ileal protein expressions of HIF-1α, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and NFκB p65 were also suppressed with ASPS administration (P < 0·05). Collectively, these results suggest the improvement of mucosal inflammatory damage and diarrhoea in immune stress piglets is possibly associated with a novel finding where HIF-1α/COX-2 pathway down-regulation is involved in NFκB p65-inducible releasing of inflammatory cytokines by dietary ASPS.
Some Notes on Makeham's Formula for the Force of Mortality
Authors: Calderon H. P. 
Published: June 2019

The first object of the present paper is to bring before the members of the Institute some model tables, which I have constructed shewing the force of mortality and the expectations of life based on a single value of log c, combined with certain constant values of A in the formulaFinding some time since, in connection with some work then in hand, that many conveniences would result from model tables on Makeham's hypothesis with which to compare the deduced functions of an ungraduated table, I gave some consideration to the most general form in which such a work could best be accomplished, resulting in the Tables, Nos. I, II, III, and IV, which I have the honour to lay before you this evening.
A Review of the Investments of Offices in recent years, with notes on Stock Exchange Fluctuations and the future rate of interest
Authors: Newman Philip L. 
Published: June 2019

The principles of investments proper to Life Offices were laid down many years ago by Mr. S. Brown and Mr. A. H. Bailey, and Mr. A. G. Mackenzie summarized them conveniently at the beginning of his paper “On the Practice and Powers of Assurance” Companies in regard to the Investment of their Life Assurance “Funds” in 1891 (J.I.A., xxix, 185). These principles may be said to be the laws which govern our practice; but as in all such matters, it is the application of the law which is of importance, it may serve a useful purpose to-night to review, in the first place, recent changes in the investments of the Offices and ascertain their tendency; secondly,to consider the nature and causes of the fluctuations in values which have recently been strikingly prominent, and finally to make some rough forecast of the future.It is at once apparent, from the nature of securities easily convertible at short notice, that though suitable for bankers, they are not specially adapted for insurance companies, whilst another great class of investors, namely, trustees and executors, are usually limited to particularly well-secured investments, either by law, or by special provisions incorporated in the settlements or the wills under which they act. The resulting competition in these classes of gilt-edged securities is keen, large sums constantly coming on the market for investment, so that the rates of interest yielded are comparatively low, a fact which tends to drive investors not so limited in power further afield. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that many insurance companies have of late years enlarged their power of investment, as it is now recognized that to give ample discretionary power is the wisest policy.
Some Financial and Statistical Considerations of the Old Age Pension Scheme
Authors: Marr Vyvyan 
Published: June 2019

There are many references in the pages of the Journal to Old Age Pensions, and in view of the Act of last year the subject—from a financial and statistical aspect—may be discussed without transgressing on questions of State policy. I therefore venture to submit the following notes of some of the financial and statistical questions involved, stimulated in so doing by Mr. G. F. Hardy's statement in his Presidential Address, that he believed our most important work lies in the proper application of actuarial principles to the many practical questions which arise from time to time.Old age pensions ranging from 1s. to 5s. a week according to the yearly means of the pensioners are granted to British subjects resident in the United Kingdom who have attained the age of seventy years, provided their yearly means do not exceed ￡31 10s., and provided they are not disqualified on the ground of Poor Law Relief, imprisonment, or the other reasons set forth in Section 3 of the Act.
On the Valuation of Benefits Dependent upon Promotion to a Higher Status
Authors: Thomas Ernest C. 
Published: June 2019

The suggestion has been made to me by Mr. George King, to write a paper upon an interesting problem which recently occupied our joint attention.A brief statement of the case is as follows :In a great public service there are certain well-defined ranks, the upper ones of which are exclusively recruited by promotion from the lower ones. There are limiting ages of retirement in each rank, and in the event of an officer reaching the fixed age without being promoted he is retired on a pension. The scale of pension depends mainly on length of service, varying of course with each rank, and, as the majority enter in the lowest rank between comparatively narrow limits of age, it is sufficient to deduce an average rate of pension at each age in the various ranks. The problem is to find what amount of annual contribution, uniform throughout future service, should be made in respect of each officer now in the service, of whatever age or rank, in order to provide for the ultimate charge for pensions.In the particular case presented there were six ranks to be dealt with, and it was understood that the calculations were to be made at 3 per-cent compound interest. I trust I may be excused for this vague statement of the case, but I could hardly be more explicit without being too definite. I shall refer to these ranks throughout as first, second, third ranks, &c., where the first is understood to mean the highest.
Canadian Mortgages Regarded as a Field for the Investment of the Funds of British Life Assurance Companies, with Some General Notes on Canadian Indebtedness
Authors: Besant Arthur Digby 
Published: June 2019

In the course of the past summer I visited Canada, partly with a view to investigating upon the spot the opportunities which the Dominion might afford for mortgage investments, and partly in order to gain, at first hand, knowledge of the general financial conditions of the country.The subject is one of great importance, and although the outbreak of war may have rendered all questions of new investments of purely academic interest for the moment, yet I hope that the following notes will be of interest to the Institute, and may be turned to some practical use in a not distant future.
On the Teaching of Elementaby Mathematics in Secondary Schools
Authors: Walker W. J. 
Published: June 2019

In order to make this brief paper as practical as possible, I shall plunge into the subject with little introduction.I wish to consider the question from three points of view.
(1)What is the ideal course?(2)What is the best practicable course?(3)What effect the best practicable course should have on the teaching of the subject in our secondary schools, and also—since the two are so closely connected—in our elementary schools.
The process and delivery of CBT for depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: López-López José A. , Davies Sarah R. , Caldwell Deborah M. , Churchill Rachel , Peters Tim J. , Tallon Deborah , Dawson Sarah , Wu Qi , Li Jinshuo , Taylor Abigail , Lewis Glyn , Kessler David S. , Wiles Nicola , Welton Nicky J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depressed adults. CBT interventions are complex, as they include multiple content components and can be delivered in different ways. We compared the effectiveness of different types of therapy, different components and combinations of components and aspects of delivery used in CBT interventions for adult depression. We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials in adults with a primary diagnosis of depression, which included a CBT intervention. Outcomes were pooled using a component-level network meta-analysis. Our primary analysis classified interventions according to the type of therapy and delivery mode. We also fitted more advanced models to examine the effectiveness of each content component or combination of components. We included 91 studies and found strong evidence that CBT interventions yielded a larger short-term decrease in depression scores compared to treatment-as-usual, with a standardised difference in mean change of −1.11 (95% credible interval −1.62 to −0.60) for face-to-face CBT, −1.06 (−2.05 to −0.08) for hybrid CBT, and −0.59 (−1.20 to 0.02) for multimedia CBT, whereas wait list control showed a detrimental effect of 0.72 (0.09 to 1.35). We found no evidence of specific effects of any content components or combinations of components. Technology is increasingly used in the context of CBT interventions for depression. Multimedia and hybrid CBT might be as effective as face-to-face CBT, although results need to be interpreted cautiously. The effectiveness of specific combinations of content components and delivery formats remain unclear. Wait list controls should be avoided if possible.
Cultural Understandings of Dementia in Indigenous Peoples: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Jacklin Kristen , Walker Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

RÉSUMÉLes démences liées à l’âge constituent un problème de santé important au Canada, en particulier chez les communautés autochtones, où les taux de démences surpassent d’environ 34 % ceux retrouvés dans la population canadienne. Cette étude présente une synthèse des données qualitatives tirées des articles traitant de la compréhension culturelle des démences chez les peuples autochtones du Canada. Les résultats principaux suggèrent que peu de recherches ont été effectuées dans ce domaine, en particulier chez les Inuits et les Métis, malgré une progression de l’exploration de ce sujet au Canada. La synthèse de la littérature a révélé que la démence est perçue comme une partie naturelle du cycle de vie par de nombreux Autochtones. Bien que les modèles communautaires et informels de soins soulèvent d’importants défis pour les aidants naturels, ils sont régulièrement appliqués. Cette synthèse sera utile pour les organismes et les prestataires de soins de santé qui recherchent des approches appropriées pour répondre aux besoins des patients et des familles autochtones aux prises avec la démence.
On the Thrust of Propellers
Authors: Chatley H. 
Published: June 2019

The thrust obtainable from a propeller depends on three variable quantities :(1)The revolutions per second (n).(2)The dimensions of the propeller.(3)The slip (s).Two further quantities are involved, the Torque (M) and the Power (H), but these are both dependent on the three preceding.Assuming, in the first place, a constant slip (say, 100 per cent.), and choosing any convenient vaiue for the revolutions, we immediately fix a relation between the power consumed and the torque.
A Further Three Years’ Flying Experience
Authors: Hucks B. С 
Published: June 2019

Ladies and Gentlemen,—I think perhaps the title of my paper requires a short explanation before beginning.A little over three years ago I was honoured by being asked to read a paper on Hying before this Society, which I then called, “Three Years’ Flying Experience.” I need hardly say that paper caused me no small amount of anxiety in preparing, even then, when a mere description of an ordinary flight would deeply interest most people, because when I came to get down to it I had to ask myself what there was I could find to talk about that would interest the learned and technical audience I knew I should have to face.