bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Licochalcone A induces apoptotic cell death via JNK/p38 activation in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Chuang Chun‐Yi , Tang Cheng‐Ming , Ho Hsin‐Yu , Hsin Chung‐Han , Weng Chia‐Jui , Yang Shun‐Fa , Chen Pei‐Ni , Lin Chiao‐Wen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLicochalcone A is widely studied in different fields and possesses antiasthmatic, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. Its antimalignancy activity on renal, liver, lung, and oral cancer has been explored. However, limited studies have been conducted on the inhibitory effects of licochalcone A in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. We determined cell viability using MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptotic cell death were measured via flow cytometry. Caspase activation and mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐related proteins in nasopharyngeal cancer cells in response to licochalcone A were identified by Western blot analysis. Results indicated that licochalcone A reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis, as evidenced by the upregulation of caspase‐8 and caspase‐9, caspase‐3 activation, and cleaved‐poly ADP‐ribose polymerase expression. Treatment with licochalcone A significantly increases ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2 activation. Co‐administration of a JNK inhibitor (JNK‐IN‐8) or p38 inhibitor (SB203580) abolishes the activation of caspase‐9, caspase‐8, and caspase‐3 protein expression during licochalcone A treatment. These findings indicate that licochalcone A exerts a cytostatic effect through apoptosis by targeting the JNK/p38 pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Therefore, licochalcone A is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of human nasopharyngeal cancer cells.
The effective practices of mobile phone producers' green supply chain management in reducing GHG emissions
Authors: Migdadi Yazan Khalid Abed‐Allah 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to identify management practices that effectively reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with regard to the green supply chain adopted by mobile phone producers. Six cases were surveyed (Apple, Samsung, LG, Huawei, Nokia, and ZTE). The main source of data was sustainability reports, which were retrieved from the Global Reporting Initiative database. A special data analysis technique called rank analysis was adopted. The results revealed that the effective practices to reduce GHG 1 emissions were related to production process and business travel; those that were effective for reducing GHG 2 emissions were related to facilities accreditation and energy saving; and those effective in reducing GHG 3 emissions were related to logistics and customer practices. No effective actions related to the management of relationships with suppliers were identified by this study. Indicative models for the relationship between actions and GHG emissions were developed, as was a value‐stream map. The previous studies reporting the effective practices in other industries reported results for reducing GHG 1 or GHG 3, or overall GHG emissions, without discriminating among the actions taken to reduce such emissions, although some limited actions were reported. This study describes the effective practices along the whole supply chain—both upstream and downstream—and it also lists the actions related to addressing all the emissions, whether GHG 1, 2, or 3.
Eros in the library: Considering the aesthetics of knowledge organization
Authors: Adler Melissa 
Published: April 2019

Privileging the aesthetic aspects of knowledge organization through a feminist historical lens may open possibilities for reimagining a library's space. This paper reveals the history of a relatively unknown figure in the history of knowledge organization. I will suggest that we might regard Pamphila, a miscellanist who lived in Greece during the 1stcentury, as a ‘radical cataloguer’ who introduced a method associated with weaving and embroidery. Her organizational method privileged beauty and pleasure, along with historical accuracy and usefulness.A version of this paper was presented as a keynote speech for the annual conference of ARLIS UK & Ireland in July 2018. The author would like to thank the coordinators for their hospitality and feedback.
The library examined: A workshop collaboration between OOMK, Thick/er Black Lines and Senate House Library
Authors: Byrne Laurence , Kassir Leila , Khaireh Hudda , Lamara Heiba 
Published: April 2019

The Library Examined was a workshop held in January 2018 at Senate House Library, University of London. The workshop was designed and facilitated by Heiba Lamara and Rose Nordin from OOMK and Hudda Khaireh from Thick/er Black Lines in discussion with Laurence Byrne and Leila Kassir, Research Librarians at Senate House Library. The Library Examined was aimed at non-library-card-holders with the ambition to help demystify library processes and spaces and to provide a forum for the discussion and critiquing of the organisation of knowledge within the library. This article describes in the first three sections the librarians’ view of the workshop and why it was initiated, before Heiba and Hudda outline their invitation and research, and the workshop itself.A version of this paper was presented at the annual conference of ARLIS UK & Ireland held at the Architectural Association, London, in July 2018.
Firms, Ex-offenders, and Communities: A Stakeholder Capability Enhancement Perspective
Authors: Goodstein Jerry 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT:This article contributes to the business ethics literature by applying and extending an emerging theoretical perspective—stakeholder capability enhancement (Westermann-Behaylo, Van Buren, &amp; Berman, 2016)—to previously unexplored areas of business ethics inquiry related to work, dignity, and relationships between firms, ex-offenders, and other stakeholders. In particular, I direct attention to ex-offenders as critical community-based stakeholders pursuing employment opportunities with employers in these communities. I discuss how prevailing hiring practices in firms restrict opportunities for ex-offenders to obtain meaningful work and undermine stakeholder capabilities and dignity. I consider three primary pathways for expanding employment opportunities for ex-offenders, enhancing the capabilities and dignity of ex-offenders and other community-based stakeholders, and maintaining critical employer rights. The article concludes with a discussion of potential directions for future research.
Frequent emergency department use and mortality in patients with substance and opioid use in Alberta: A population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moe Jessica , Camargo Carlos A. , Davis Roger B. , Jelinski Susan , Rowe Brian H. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesIn the current opioid epidemic, identifying high-risk patients among those with substance and opioid use may prevent deaths. The objective of this study was to determine whether frequent emergency department (ED) use and degree of frequent use are associated with mortality among ED patients with substance and opioid use.MethodsThis cohort study used linked population-based ED (National Ambulatory Care Reporting System) and mortality data from Alberta. All adults ≥ 18 years with substance or opioid use-related visits based on diagnostic codes from April 1, 2012, to March 31, 2013, were included (n = 16,389). Frequent use was defined by ≥ 5 visits in the previous year. Outcomes were unadjusted and adjusted (for age, sex, income) mortality within 90 days (primary), and 30 days, 365 days, and 2 years (secondary). To examine degree, frequent use was subcategorized into 5–10, 11–15, 16–20, and > 20 visits.ResultsFrequent users were older, lower income, and made lower acuity visits than non-frequent users. Frequent users with substance use had higher mortality at 365 days (hazard ratio [HR] 1.36 [1.04, 1.77]) and 2 years (HR 1.32 [1.04, 1.67]), but not at 90 or 30 days. Mortality did not differ for frequent users with opioid use overall. By degree, patients with substance use and > 20 visits/year and with opioid use and 16–20 visits/year demonstrated a higher 365-day and 2-year mortality.ConclusionsAmong patients with substance use, frequent ED use and extremely frequent use (> 20 visits/year) were associated with long-term but not short-term mortality. These findings suggest a role for targeted screening and preventive intervention.
Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control practices in long-term care facilities—Pennsylvania, 2017
Authors: M’ikanatha Nkuchia M. , Boktor Sameh W. , Seid Arlene , Kunselman Allen R , Han Jennifer H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 2017, we surveyed long-term care facilities in Pennsylvania regarding antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Among 244 responding facilities, 93% had IPC programs and 47% had antimicrobial stewardship programs. There was significant variation in practices across facilities, and a number of program implementation challenges were identified.
Direct AMS 14C Analysis of Carbonate
Authors: Hua Quan , Levchenko Vladimir A , Kosnik Matthew A 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the possibility of direct accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) measurement of carbonate samples at ANSTO using the STAR 2 MV tandem accelerator. Each carbonate sample was powdered, mixed with metal powder and pressed into an aluminum cathode for direct carbonate measurement by AMS 14C. Of the three high-purity metal powders (Fe, Nb, and Ag) used in our investigation, Nb was found to be the best metal, which delivered higher carbon beam currents and lower background. Beam currents for targets containing the optimal carbonate mass of 1.5–2.0 mg were ∼8% of those obtained from graphite targets of standard size (>0.5 mg C). Typical measured blank for Carrara marble (IAEA-C1) of ∼40 ka was obtained. Background-corrected 14C values of carbonate targets agreed well with their associated values obtained from high-precision analysis of graphite targets within 2σ uncertainties. Typical precision of this rapid AMS analysis was ∼1% for samples <8 ka. Despite lower precision for carbonate target ages (compared to standard graphite target ages), these ages are useful for palaeobiological applications where a large number of dates are required, such as time-averaging studies.
Ki-67 index as a predictor of vestibular schwannoma regrowth or recurrence
Authors: Prueter J , Norvell D , Backous D 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundKi-67 is a monoclonal antibody that provides a means of evaluating the growth fraction of normal and neoplastic human cell populations. A Ki-67 index of less than 3 per cent is expected for a typical schwannoma. Vestibular schwannomas with an index of greater than 3 per cent are presumed to be actively proliferating and pose a theoretically higher risk for regrowth or recurrence.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted. Ki-67 staining was performed and specimens were divided into two groups according to Ki-67 activity: less than 3 per cent (low index), and 3 per cent or greater (elevated index).ResultsEight patients (53.3 per cent) with elevated Ki-67 had recurrence or regrowth, versus five (8.5 per cent) in the low Ki-67 group. Among the 13 patients with recurrence or regrowth, the average Ki-67 value was 4.3 per cent. Among the 61 patients without recurrence or regrowth, the average Ki-67 value was 1.0 per cent.ConclusionThe Ki-67 labelling index reliably identifies vestibular schwannomas with an elevated potential for recurrence or regrowth in subtotal or total resection cases. In patients with a Ki-67 index greater than 3 per cent, more frequent clinical examination and radiological follow up are recommended.
Prospective study of polygenic risk, protective factors, and incident depression following combat deployment in US Army soldiers
Authors: Choi Karmel W. , Chen Chia-Yen , Ursano Robert J. , Sun Xiaoying , Jain Sonia , Kessler Ronald C. , Koenen Karestan C. , Wang Min-Jung , Wynn Gary H. ,   Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Campbell-Sills Laura , Stein Murray B. , Smoller Jordan W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhereas genetic susceptibility increases the risk for major depressive disorder (MDD), non-genetic protective factors may mitigate this risk. In a large-scale prospective study of US Army soldiers, we examined whether trait resilience and/or unit cohesion could protect against the onset of MDD following combat deployment, even in soldiers at high polygenic risk.MethodsData were analyzed from 3079 soldiers of European ancestry assessed before and after their deployment to Afghanistan. Incident MDD was defined as no MDD episode at pre-deployment, followed by a MDD episode following deployment. Polygenic risk scores were constructed from a large-scale genome-wide association study of major depression. We first examined the main effects of the MDD PRS and each protective factor on incident MDD. We then tested the effects of each protective factor on incident MDD across strata of polygenic risk.ResultsPolygenic risk showed a dose–response relationship to depression, such that soldiers at high polygenic risk had greatest odds for incident MDD. Both unit cohesion and trait resilience were prospectively associated with reduced risk for incident MDD. Notably, the protective effect of unit cohesion persisted even in soldiers at highest polygenic risk.ConclusionsPolygenic risk was associated with new-onset MDD in deployed soldiers. However, unit cohesion – an index of perceived support and morale – was protective against incident MDD even among those at highest genetic risk, and may represent a potent target for promoting resilience in vulnerable soldiers. Findings illustrate the value of combining genomic and environmental data in a prospective design to identify robust protective factors for mental health.
Rates of asymptomatic respiratory virus infection across age groups
Authors: Galanti M. , Birger R. , Ud-Dean M. , Filip I. , Morita H. , Comito D. , Anthony S. , Freyer G. A. , Ibrahim S. , Lane B. , Matienzo N. , Ligon C. , Rabadan R. , Shittu A. , Tagne E. , Shaman J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRespiratory viral infections are a leading cause of disease worldwide. A variety of respiratory viruses produce infections in humans with effects ranging from asymptomatic to life-treathening. Standard surveillance systems typically only target severe infections (ED outpatients, hospitalisations, deaths) and fail to track asymptomatic or mild infections. Here we performed a large-scale community study across multiple age groups to assess the pathogenicity of 18 respiratory viruses. We enrolled 214 individuals at multiple New York City locations and tested weekly for respiratory viral pathogens, irrespective of symptom status, from fall 2016 to spring 2018. We combined these test results with participant-provided daily records of cold and flu symptoms and used this information to characterise symptom severity by virus and age category. Asymptomatic infection rates exceeded 70% for most viruses, excepting influenza and human metapneumovirus, which produced significantly more severe outcomes. Symptoms were negatively associated with infection frequency, with children displaying the lowest score among age groups. Upper respiratory manifestations were most common for all viruses, whereas systemic effects were less typical. These findings indicate a high burden of asymptomatic respiratory virus infection exists in the general population.
Decreasing case fatality rate following invasive pneumococcal disease, North East England, 2006–2016
Authors: Houseman C. , Chapman K. E. , Manley P. , Gorton R. , Wilson D. , Hughes G. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeclining mortality following invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has been observed concurrent with a reduced incidence due to effective pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. However, with IPD now increasing due to serotype replacement, we undertook a statistical analysis to estimate the trend in all-cause 30-day case fatality rate (CFR) in the North East of England (NEE) following IPD. Clinical, microbiological and demographic data were obtained for all laboratory-confirmed IPD cases (April 2006–March 2016) and the adjusted association between CFR and epidemiological year estimated using logistic regression. Of the 2510 episodes of IPD included in the analysis, 486 died within 30 days of IPD (CFR 19%). Increasing age, male sex, a diagnosis of septicaemia, being in ⩾1 clinical risk groups, alcohol abuse and individual serotypes were independently associated with increased CFR. A significant decline in CFR over time was observed following adjustment for these significant predictors (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.89–0.98; P = 0.003). A small but significant decline in 30-day all-cause CFR following IPD has been observed in the NEE. Nonetheless, certain population groups remain at increased risk of dying following IPD. Despite the introduction of effective vaccines, further strategies to reduce the ongoing burden of mortality from IPD are needed.
The impacts of the Brazilian NDC and their contribution to the Paris agreement on climate change
Authors: Gurgel Angelo C. , Paltsev Sergey , Breviglieri Gustavo Velloso 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper measures the economic impacts of Brazil's climate mitigation strategies contained in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). To do so, we employ the computable general equilibrium MIT Economic Projection and Policy Analysis model and simulate alternative carbon pricing scenarios (sectoral versus economy-wide carbon markets), set to achieve the country's overall emissions targets announced under the Paris Agreement. The results show relatively cheap emissions reductions from land-use changes and agriculture in the short run: the cost of the Brazilian NDC is predicted to be only 0.7 per cent of GDP in 2030. Further efforts to reduce carbon emissions beyond 2030 would require policy changes, since all the potential emissions reductions from deforestation would be finished and the capacity to expand renewable energy sources would be constrained. In this case, an economy-wide carbon pricing system would help substantially to avoid higher compliance costs.
The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Ten years later
Authors: Kaushanskaya Margarita , Blumenfeld Henrike K. , Marian Viorica 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) is a validated questionnaire tool for collecting self-reported proficiency and experience data from bilingual and multilingual speakers ages 14 to 80. It is available in over 20 languages, and can be administered in a digital, paper-and-pencil, and oral interview format. The LEAP-Q is used by researchers across various disciplines (Psychology, Neuroscience, Linguistics, Education, Communication Sciences & Disorders, etc.) to provide a comprehensive description of their bilingual participants, to substantiate a division of bilinguals into groups (e.g., early vs. late bilinguals), and to screen participants for adequate or threshold levels of language proficiency. Best practices for using the LEAP-Q include administration of the full questionnaire, consideration of acquisition and history of language use together with self-ratings of proficiency, and supplementation of self-reported data with objective language measures whenever possible. The LEAP-Q can be downloaded at no cost at https://bilingualism.northwestern.edu/leapq/.
ON THE EXTENSION OF ISOMETRIES BETWEEN THE UNIT SPHERES OF A -TRIPLE AND A BANACH SPACE
Authors: Becerra-Guerrero Julio , Cueto-Avellaneda María , Fernández-Polo Francisco J. , Peralta Antonio M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe prove that if$M$is a$\text{JBW}^{\ast }$-triple and not a Cartan factor of rank two, then$M$satisfies the Mazur–Ulam property, that is, every surjective isometry from the unit sphere of$M$onto the unit sphere of another real Banach space$Y$extends to a surjective real linear isometry from$M$onto$Y$.
The Effect of Vitamin D on Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine in Patients with Mild to Moderate Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar Mohammad , Sharifi Amrollah , Nedjat Saharnaz , Mohamadkhani Ashraf , Vahedi Homayoon 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Purpose: In inflammatory bowel disease increased asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels could inhibit nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Vitamin D may increase activity and expression of endothelial NO synthase, which could be done through its possible mechanism of decreasing ADMA levels. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effect of Vitamin D3 on serum ADMA levels in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Methods: Ninety mild to moderate UC patients were randomized. Each patient received one single muscular injection of 300,000 IU (7500 μg) Vitamin D3 (Vitamin D group) or 1 ml normal saline (Placebo group). At baseline and 90 days after the intervention measurements were done. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and analysis of covariance. Baseline correlations were assessed by Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: Following data analysis of 86 participants (40 in placebo and 46 in vitamin D group), there was no correlation between baseline ADMA with baseline vitamin D, ESR and hs-CRP at baseline (p = 0.77) and at the end of study (p = 0.82). Serum ADMA levels were not statistically different between two groups. Adjustment for baseline ADMA levels and baseline body mass index (BMI) did not change the results. With subgroup analyses based on gender and vitamin D level no statistical differences in ADMA levels between two groups were found. Conclusions: In this study, we found no significant changes in serum ADMA levels 3 months following a high dose vitamin D administration in mild to moderate UC patients. Further studies in vitamin D deficient patients are needed.
Characteristics of CME‐ and CIR‐Driven Ion Upflows in the Polar Ionosphere
Authors: Ogawa Y. , Seki K. , Keika K. , Ebihara Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe investigated how velocity and flux of ionospheric ion upflows vary during magnetic storms driven by corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), using data from the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) Tromsø UHF and Svalbard radars between 1996 and 2015. The characteristics of ion upflows were compared with ion and electron temperature variations measured with the EISCAT radars and also joule heating rate, electric field, and field‐aligned current distribution derived from the Weimer model. Upward ion velocity increases in the nighttime at Tromsø (66.2 °N geomagnetic latitude) just after the CIR‐ and CME‐driven storms, corresponding to electron temperature enhancements due to soft particle precipitation and also ion temperature enhancements in the strong westward electric field region. The CME‐driven storms have larger upward ion flux (~1.7 × 1013 m−2s−1) than those under the CIR‐driven storms (~0.3 × 1013 m−2s−1). In the daytime, ion upflows are seen at Longyearbyen, Svalbard (75.2 °N geomagnetic latitude), with an upward flux of typically 1013 m−2s−1 for small CIR and CME storm cases. Substantial ion upflows last for a few days after the storm onsets under small CIR storms, whereas they last for only a day under small CME storms. Under both the cases, the substantial ion upflows are associated with an enhancement of the Region 1 field‐aligned current, eastward electric field and Joule heating rate. For large CME storms, substantial ion upflows are absent in the daytime probably due to equatorward expansion of the auroral oval.