bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Narrative Review on Female Physique Athletes: The Physiological and Psychological Implications of Weight Management Practices
Authors: Alwan Nura , Moss Samantha L. , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. , Davies Ian G. , Enright Kevin 
Published: May 2019

Physique competitions are events in which aesthetic appearance and posing ability are valued above physical performance. Female physique athletes are required to possess high lean body mass and extremely low fat mass in competition. As such, extended periods of reduced energy intake and intensive training regimens are used with acute weight loss practices at the end of the precompetition phase. This represents an increased risk for chronic low energy availability and associated symptoms of relative energy deficiency in sport, compromising both psychological and physiological health. Available literature suggests that a large proportion of female physique athletes report menstrual irregularities (e.g., amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea), which are unlikely to normalize immediately postcompetition. Furthermore, the tendency to reduce intakes of numerous essential micronutrients is prominent among those using restrictive eating patterns. Following competition, reduced resting metabolic rate, and hyperphagia, is also a concern for these female athletes, which can result in frequent weight cycling, distorted body image, and disordered eating/eating disorders. Overall, female physique athletes are an understudied population, and the need for more robust studies to detect low energy availability and associated health effects is warranted. This narrative review aims to define the natural female physique athlete, explore some of the physiological and psychological implications of weight management practices experienced by female physique athletes, and propose future research directions.
Identification of Postconcussion Dual-Task Gait Abnormalities Using Normative Reference Values
Authors: Howell David R. , Buckley Thomas A. , Berkstresser Brant , Wang Francis , Meehan William P. 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of abnormal single-task and dual-task gait performance following concussion compared to uninjured controls using previously established normative reference values. The authors examined athletes with a concussion (n = 54; mean age = 20.3 [1.1] y, 46% female, tested 2.9 [1.5] d postinjury), and healthy controls were tested during their preseason baseline examination (n = 60; mean age = 18.9 [0.7] y, 37% female). Participants completed an instrumented single-/dual-task gait evaluation. Outcome variables included average walking speed, cadence, and step length. A significantly greater number of those with concussion walked with abnormal dual-task gait speed compared with the control group (56% vs 30%,P = .01). After adjusting for potential confounding variables (age, concussion history, symptom severity, and sleep), concussion was associated with lower dual-task gait speed (β = −0.150; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.252 to −0.047), cadence (β = −8.179; 95% CI = −14.49 to −1.871), and stride length (β = −0.109; 95% CI = −0.204 to −0.014). Although group analyses indicated that those with a concussion performed worse on single-task and dual-task gait compared with controls, a higher rate of abnormal gait was detected for the concussion group compared with the control group for dual-task gait speed only. Dual-task gait speed, therefore, may be considered as a measure to compare against normative values to detect postconcussion impairments.
Russian and Low-Frequency Currents Induced Similar Neuromuscular Adaptations in Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Modesto Karenina Arrais Guida , de Oliveira Pedro Ferreira Alves , Fonseca Hellora Gonçalves , Azevedo Klaus Porto , Guzzoni Vinicius , Bottaro Martim , Babault Nicolas , Durigan Joao Luiz Quagliotti 
Published: May 2019

Context: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is widely used to induce muscular strength increase; however, no study has compared Russian current (RC) with pulsed current (PC) effects after a training program. Objectives: We studied the effects of different neuromuscular electrical stimulation currents, RC, and PC on the neuromuscular system after a 6-week training period. Design: Blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Laboratory. Patients: A total of 27 male soccer players (age 22.2 [2.2] y, body mass 74.2 [10.0] kg, height 177 [0] cm, and body mass index 23.7 [2.9] kg/cm2 for the control group; 22.1 [3.1] y, 69.7 [5.7] kg, 174 [0] cm, and 23.0 [2.5] kg/cm for the PC group; and 23.0 [3.4] y, 72.1 [10.7] kg, 175 [0] cm, and 23.5 [3.4] kg/cm for the RC group) were randomized into 3 groups: (1) control group; (2) RC (2500 Hz, burst 100 Hz, and phase duration 200 μs); and (3) PC (100 Hz and 200 μs). Intervention: The experimental groups trained for 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week with neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Main Outcome Measures: Maximal voluntary isometric contraction and evoked torque, muscle architecture, sensory discomfort (visual analog scale), and electromyographic activity were evaluated before and after the 6-week period. Results: Evoked torque increased in the RC (169.5% [78.2%], P < .01) and PC (248.7% [81.1%], P < .01) groups. Muscle thickness and pennation angle increased in the RC (8.7% [3.8%] and 16.7% [9.0%], P < .01) and PC (16.1% [8.0%] and 27.4% [11.0%], P < .01) groups. The PC demonstrated lower values for visual analog scale (38.8% [17.1%], P < .01). There was no significant time difference for maximal voluntary isometric contraction and root mean square values (P > .05). For all these variables, there was no difference between the RC and PC (P > .05). Conclusion: Despite the widespread use of RC in clinical practice, RC and PC training programs produced similar neuromuscular adaptations in soccer players. Nonetheless, as PC generated less perceived discomfort, it could be preferred after several training sessions.
Measuring only hop distance during single leg hop testing is insufficient to detect deficits in knee function after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kotsifaki Argyro , Korakakis Vasileios , Whiteley Rod , Van Rossom Sam , Jonkers Ilse 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo systematically review the biomechanical deficits after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) during single leg hop for distance (SLHD) testing and report these differences compared with the contralateral leg and with healthy controls.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesA systematic search in Pubmed (Ovid), EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, grey literature and trial registries, was conducted from inception to 1 April 2018.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies reporting kinematic, kinetic and/or electromyographic data of the ACLR limb during SLHD with no language limits.ResultsThe literature review yielded 1551 articles and 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed strong evidence of lower peak knee flexion angle and knee flexion moments during landing compared with the uninjured leg and with controls. Also, moderate evidence (with large effect size) of lower knee power absorption during landing compared with the uninjured leg. No difference was found in peak vertical ground reaction force during landing. Subgroup analyses revealed that some kinematic variables do not restore with time and may even worsen.ConclusionDuring SLHD several kinematic and kinetic deficits were detected between limbs after ACLR, despite adequate SLHD performance. Measuring only hop distance, even using the healthy leg as a reference, is insufficient to fully assess knee function after ACLR.PROSPERO trial registration numberCRD42018087779.
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome: review of acute decompensated diabetes in adult patients
Authors: Karslioglu French Esra , Donihi Amy C , Korytkowski Mary T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) are life threatening complications that occur in patients with diabetes. In addition to timely identification of the precipitating cause, the first step in acute management of these disorders includes aggressive administration of intravenous fluids with appropriate replacement of electrolytes (primarily potassium). In patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, this is always followed by administration of insulin, usually via an intravenous insulin infusion that is continued until resolution of ketonemia, but potentially via the subcutaneous route in mild cases. Careful monitoring by experienced physicians is needed during treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis and HHS. Common pitfalls in management include premature termination of intravenous insulin therapy and insufficient timing or dosing of subcutaneous insulin before discontinuation of intravenous insulin. This review covers recommendations for acute management of diabetic ketoacidosis and HHS, the complications associated with these disorders, and methods for preventing recurrence. It also discusses why many patients who present with these disorders are at high risk for hospital readmissions, early morbidity, and mortality well beyond the acute presentation.
Real-world treatment persistence of golimumab in the management of immune-mediated rheumatic diseases in Europe: a systematic literature review
Authors: Luttropp Karin , Dozier Mary , Justo Nahila , Cornillie Freddy , Kachroo Sumesh , Govoni Marinella , Salomonsson Stina , Black Christopher M , Khalifa Ahmed 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo summarise real-world data from studies reporting golimumab persistence in European immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRD) populations and to report pooled estimates.DesignSystematic literature review.Data sourcesRelevant literature was identified through searching Medline and Embase via Ovid as well as the conference databases of European League Against Rheumatism and American College of Rheumatology—Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals.Eligibility criteriaWe screened records using predefined patients, interventions, comparators, outcomes and study design criteria. Eligible studies included reports of persistence among adult IMRD patients in Europe receiving treatment with subcutaneous golimumab. Clinical trials, randomised controlled trials, literature reviews, editorials, guidelines and studies with <20 patients receiving golimumab were excluded.Data extraction and synthesisFollowing double screening by two independent reviewers, 27 studies out of 578 identified records were selected for inclusion and subsequent data extraction. Persistence was most commonly reported at 12and 24 months; hence, pooled persistence estimates were calculated for these two time points and reported according to indication.ResultsPersistence ranged between 58.1% (psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients regardless of treatment line) and 75.7% (biological-naïve rheumatoid arthritis patients) at 12 months; at 24 months, the range was 43% (axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) patients regardless of treatment line) and 69.6% (biological-naïve PsA patients). On the basis of data from 12 studies, persistence with golimumab treatment was either significantly higher or not significantly different from other tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi).ConclusionsGolimumab persistence at 24 months approximates 50%, with a lower persistence among AxSpA (43%) patients. However, as the number of studies in these populations was low, they warrant further research. In 12 studies comparing various TNFi treatments, golimumab was shown to have significantly better or equal persistence to its comparators.
Prominence of ileal mucosa-associated microbiota to predict postoperative endoscopic recurrence in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Sokol Harry , Brot Loic , Stefanescu Carmen , Auzolle Claire , Barnich Nicolas , Buisson Anthony , Fumery Mathurin , Pariente Benjamin , Le Bourhis Lionel , Treton Xavier , Nancey Stéphane , Allez Matthieu , Seksik Philippe 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveFollowing ileal resection for Crohn’s disease (CD), recurrence is very frequent. Although several clinical risk factors of recurrence have been identified, predicting relapse remains challenging. Performing an ileocolonoscopy within the first year after surgery is currently recommended to assess endoscopic recurrence and to adjust the treatment. We took advantage of a large prospective multicentric cohort to investigate the role of the ileal mucosa-associated microbiota in postoperative endoscopic recurrence.Patients and methodsIleal mucosa-associated microbiota was analysed by 16S sequencing at the time of surgery and/or of endoscopic evaluation in 201 patients (288 samples in total) prospectively recruited in France.ResultsIleal mucosa-associated microbiota exhibits profound changes following surgery in CD. Compared with non-recurrence setting, endoscopic recurrence is associated with strong changes in ileal mucosa-associated microbiota that are highly reminiscent of those observed generally in ileal CD compared with healthy subjects with a reduction in alpha diversity, an increase in several members of the Proteobacteria phylum and a decrease in several members of the Lachnospiraceae and the Ruminococcaceae families within the Firmicutes phylum. At the time of surgery, we identified several bacterial taxa associated with endoscopic recurrence and that can better predict relapse than usual clinical risk factors.ConclusionSurgery has an important impact on ileal mucosa-associated microbiota. Postoperative endoscopic recurrence is associated with changes in microbiota composition and alpha diversity. The gut microbiota has the potential to predict postoperative evolution and recurrence.
Mortality inequalities by occupational class among men in Japan, South Korea and eight European countries: a national register-based study, 1990–2015
Authors: Tanaka Hirokazu , Nusselder Wilma J , Bopp Matthias , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Kalediene Ramune , Lee Jung Su , Leinsalu Mall , Martikainen Pekka , Menvielle Gwenn , Kobayashi Yasuki , Mackenbach Johan P 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundWe compared mortality inequalities by occupational class in Japan and South Korea with those in European countries, in order to determine whether patterns are similar.MethodsNational register-based data from Japan, South Korea and eight European countries (Finland, Denmark, England/Wales, France, Switzerland, Italy (Turin), Estonia, Lithuania) covering the period between 1990 and 2015 were collected and harmonised. We calculated age-standardised all-cause and cause-specific mortality among men aged 35–64 by occupational class and measured the magnitude of inequality with rate differences, rate ratios and the average inter-group difference.ResultsClear gradients in mortality were found in all European countries throughout the study period: manual workers had 1.6–2.5 times higher mortality than upper non-manual workers. However, in the most recent time-period, upper non-manual workers had higher mortality than manual workers in Japan and South Korea. This pattern emerged as a result of a rise in mortality among the upper non-manual group in Japan during the late 1990s, and in South Korea during the late 2000s, due to rising mortality from cancer and external causes (including suicide), in addition to strong mortality declines among lower non-manual and manual workers.ConclusionPatterns of mortality by occupational class are remarkably different between European countries and Japan and South Korea. The recently observed patterns in the latter two countries may be related to a larger impact on the higher occupational classes of the economic crisis of the late 1990s and the late 2000s, respectively, and show that a high socioeconomic position does not guarantee better health.
Orthostatic hypotension and REM sleep behaviour disorder: impact on clinical outcomes in α-synucleinopathies
Authors: Pilotto Andrea , Romagnolo Alberto , Tuazon Jasmine A , Vizcarra Joaquin A , Marsili Luca , Zibetti Maurizio , Rosso Michela , Rodriguez-Porcel Federico , Borroni Barbara , Rizzetti Maria Cristina , Rossi Carlo , Vizcarra-Escobar Darwin , Molano Jennifer R , Lopiano Leonardo , Ceravolo Roberto , Masellis Mario , Espay Alberto J , Padovani Alessandro , Merola Aristide 
Published: May 2019

Objective
Review the effect of orthostatic hypotension (OH) and rapid-eye-movement sleep behavioural disorder (RBD) on survival, cognitive impairment and postural stability, and discuss pathogenic mechanisms involved in the association of these two common non-motor features with relevant clinical outcomes in α-synucleinopathies.

Methods
We searched PubMed (January 2007–February 2019) for human studies of OH and RBD evaluating cognitive impairment, postural instability, and survival in Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and pure autonomic failure (PAF). Included studies were analysed for design, key results and limitations as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results
OH and RBD showed a positive association with cognitive impairment in PD and DLB, conflicting association in PAF, and no association in MSA. OH was correlated with incident falls and postural instability in PD and DLB but not in MSA. The association between RBD and postural instability was inconclusive; positive in five studies, negative in seven. OH, but not RBD, correlated with reduced survival in PD, DLB and MSA. The combination of OH and RBD was associated with cognitive impairment and more rapid progression of postural instability.

Conclusions
OH and RBD yielded individual and combined negative effects on disability in α-synucleinopathies, reflecting a ‘malignant’ phenotype of PD with early cognitive impairment and postural instability. Underlying mechanisms may include involvement of selected brainstem cholinergic and noradrenergic nuclei.
Using okara in diets for growing broilers
Authors: Diaz-Vargas M. , Murakami A.E. , Zanetti L.H. , Matumoto-Pintro P.T. , Massuda E.M. , Picoli K.P. 
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of okara inclusion in diet for growing broilers on performance, carcass yield, blood and bone variables, quality and lipid oxidation of meat, and economic viability. For that, 575 Cobb 21-d-old male broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four levels of okara inclusion (25, 50, 75, and 100 g of okara kg−1diet) and a control group with five replicates and 23 birds each. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) of okara levels on the performance variables, carcass yield, bone variables, and serum triglycerides, calcium and phosphorus at 42-d-old. Serum cholesterol levels showed a quadratic response (P < 0.05), in which the lowest value estimated was 65.3 g of okara kg−1of diet. Okara can be included in diets for broilers up to the level of 100 g kg−1without affecting the performance, carcass yield, bone variables, and lipid oxidation of meat. However, the best economic results were observed up to 50 g of okara kg−1of diet.
Development of an equation to estimate the enteric methane emissions from Holstein dairy cows in Canada
Authors: Velarde-Guillén J. , Pellerin D. , Benchaar C. , Wattiaux M.A. , Charbonneau É. 
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to use dietary factors, including the type of fats, and animal characteristics, to predict enteric methane (CH4) emissions from dairy cows under Canadian conditions. For this purpose, 193 individual observations from six different trials assessing the impact of dietary modification on enteric CH4 production were analyzed. Animal [milk yield (MY), milk fat content, milk protein content, days in milk, body weight (BW), and dry matter intake (DMI)] and dietary variables [organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), starch, ether extract (EE), rumen-inert fat, and unprotected fat (EE – rumen-inert fat)] were tested. A 5-fold cross validation was used to obtain the following equation: CH4 (g d−1) = −1260.4 + 1.9 × MY (kg d−1) + 62.8 × milk fat (%) –18.4 × milk protein (%) + 11.0 × DMI (kg d−1) + 0.3 × BW (kg) + 58.3 × NDF (% of DM) − 0.8 × NDF2 (% of DM) + 1.9 × starch (% of DM) − 2.5 × EE – rumen-inert fat (% of DM). The mean estimate from the proposed equation (474 g CH4 cow−1 d−1; r = 0.83, RMSE = 40.0) was close to the observed mean emission (476 g CH4 cow−1 d−1). The proposed model has a higher precision to predict CH4 emission from cows fed typical Canadian diets than other models, and it can be used to evaluate CH4 mitigation strategies.
A Phase Ib/II Study of Oprozomib in Patients with Advanced Multiple Myeloma and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Ghobrial Irene M. , Vij Ravi , Siegel David , Badros Ashraf , Kaufman Jonathan , Raje Noopur , Jakubowiak Andrzej , Savona Michael R. , Obreja Mihaela , Berdeja Jesus G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The oral proteasome inhibitor oprozomib has shown preclinical antitumor activity. Here, we report phase Ib/II study results investigating single-agent oprozomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Patients and Methods:
The primary objectives were to determine the MTD, safety, and tolerability of oprozomib (phase Ib) as well as overall response rate (ORR; phase II). Oprozomib was administered once daily on days 1, 2, 8, and 9 (2/7 schedule) or days 1 to 5 (5/14 schedule) of a 14-day cycle.

Results:
In patients with multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia (n = 71), the determined MTDs were 300 mg/day (2/7 schedule) and 240 mg/day (5/14 schedule). Median oprozomib treatment duration for patients with multiple myeloma was 11.4 weeks (2/7 schedule, 240/300 mg/day), 5.4 weeks (5/14, 240 mg/day), and 10.1 weeks (5/14, 150/180 mg/day). For patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia, these values were 34.6 weeks (2/7 schedule, 240/300 mg/day) and 8.1 weeks (5/14 schedule, 240 mg/day). The most common grade ≥3 adverse events (AE) in phase Ib included gastrointestinal and hematologic AEs. Three AE-related deaths in phase II prompted enrollment into 2/7 and 5/14 step-up dosing schedules (240/300 mg/day and 150/180 mg/day, respectively). In phase II, ORRs in 95 response-eligible multiple myeloma patients were 41.0%, 28.1%, and 25.0% in the 2/7, 240/300-mg/day; 5/14, 150/180-mg/day; and 5/14, 240-mg/day cohorts, respectively. ORRs in 31 response-eligible Waldenström macroglobulinemia patients were 71.4% and 47.1% for the 2/7 and 5/14 cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated promising efficacy of single-agent oprozomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia.