bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered morphokinetics in equine embryos from oocytes exposed to DEHP during IVM
Authors: Marzano Giuseppina , Mastrorocco Antonella , Zianni Rosalia , Mangiacotti Michele , Chiaravalle Antonio E. , Lacalandra Giovanni M. , Minervini Fiorenza , Cardinali Angela , Macciocca Maria , Vicenti Rossella , Fabbri Raffaella , Hinrichs Katrin , Dell’Aquila Maria E. , Martino Nicola A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDi‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a commonly used plasticizer with endocrine‐disrupting properties. In this study, we used an equine model to investigate DEHP concentrations in ovarian follicular fluid (FF), and to determine the effects of exposure of oocytes to potentially toxic concentrations of DEHP during in vitro maturation (IVM) on embryo development and quality. Embryo development was evaluated using time‐lapse monitoring (TLM), a photomicroscopic tool that reveals abnormalities in cleavage kinetics unobservable by conventional morphology assessment. Blastocyst bioenergetic/oxidative status was assessed by confocal analysis. The possibility that verbascoside (VB), a bioactive polyphenol with antioxidant activity, could counteract DEHP‐induced oocyte oxidative damage, was investigated. DEHP was detected in FF and in IVM media at concentrations up to 60 nM. Culture of oocytes in the presence of 500 nM DEHP delayed second polar body extrusion, reduced duration of the second cell cycle, and increased the percentage of embryos showing abrupt multiple cleavage, compared with controls. Mitochondrial activity and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species were reduced in blastocysts from DEHP‐exposed oocytes. VB addition during IVM limited DEHP‐induced blastocyst damage. In conclusion, DEHP is detectable in equine FF and culture medium, and oocyte exposure to increased concentrations of DEHP during IVM affects preimplantation embryo development. Moreover, TLM, reported for the first time in the horse in this study, is an efficient tool for identifying altered morphokinetic parameters and cleavage abnormalities associated with exposure to toxic compounds.
Effects of halloysite nanotube on the performance of natural fiber filled poly(lactic acid) composites
Authors: Ertas Murat , Altuntas Ertugrul , Donmez Cavdar Ayfer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) derived from renewable resources is an alternative to petroleum‐based polymers. In this work, natural fiber filled PLA‐halloysite nanotube (HNT) composites were prepared using melt blending followed by compression molding. Maleic anhydride grafted onto PLA (MA‐g‐PLA) was used to improve the interfacial bonding quality between hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases in the natural fiber filled PLA‐HNT composites. The performance properties of the natural fiber filled PLA‐HNT composites were characterized by tensile, flexural and impact tests, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DSC results showed that the loading of HNT could promote cold crystallization, and the improvement of crystallinity of the PLA‐HNT composites was by 16% with the addition of MA‐g‐PLA. The flexural and impact strengths of PLA‐HNT composites were not affected adversely up to 10 phr of HNT loading, but tensile strength of PLA‐HNT composites decreased gradually. In addition, numerous agglomerates of the nanotubes for PLA‐HNT composites with 15 phr loading of HNT were detected with SEM micrographs. However, moduli of elasticity of PLA‐HNT composites enhanced by 40% with increment of HNT loading in polymer matrix. Based on the findings, HNT could be used as nanofiller up to 10 phr in PLA matrix.
Laser ablation of polymers: a review
Authors: Ravi‐Kumar Sandeep , Lies Benjamin , Zhang Xiao , Lyu Hao , Qin Hantang 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTLaser ablation (LA), which employs a pulsed laser to remove materials from a substrate for generating micro‐/nanostructures, has tremendous applications in the fabrication of metals, ceramics, glasses and polymers. It has become a noteworthy approach for achieving various functional structures in engineering, chemistry, biology, medicine and other fields. Polymers are one such class of materials; they can be melted and vaporized at high temperature during the ablation process. A number of polymers have been researched as candidate substrates in LA, and many different structures and patterns have been realized by this method. The current states of research and progress are reviewed from basic concepts to optimal parameters, polymer types and applications. The significance of this paper is to provide a basis for follow‐up research that leads to the development of superior materials and high‐quality production through LA. In this review, we first introduce the basic concept of LA, including mechanism, laser types (millisecond, microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond and femtosecond) and influential parameters (wavelength, repetition rate, fluence and pulse duration). Then, we focus on several commonly used polymer materials and compare them in detail, including the effects of polymer properties, laser parameters and feature designs. Finally, we summarize the applications of various structures fabricated by LA in a variety of areas along with a perspective of the challenges in this research area. Overall, a thorough review of LA of several polymers is presented, which could pave the way for characterization of future novel materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of Efficient TS‐1 with Small Particle Size and Enhanced Framework Ti
Authors: Shakeri Mozaffar , Dehghanpour Safoura Bakhodaye 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCrystal size and framework Ti content are two main factors which influence catalytic performances of TS‐1 catalysts. Control over the crystal size and framework Ti of TS‐1 through the synthesis of TS‐1 in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is reported. The crystal size of TS‐1 sample synthesized in the presence of PEG, TS‐1‐PEG was 230 nm. However, the size of TS‐1 synthesized without PEG, standard sample, was 290 nm. The TS‐1‐PEG possess higher amount of framework Ti content and less anatase TiO2 in comparison with TS‐1. The catalytic reaction tests showed superior activity of TS‐1‐PEG toward hydroxylation of phenol and oxidation of dibenzothiophene, deep desulfurization of fuels, as a result of cooperative effects of smaller particle size and higher framework Ti content. Consequently, using safe and un‐expensive PEG polymer is a powerful approach to synthesize TS‐1 with small crystal size and high framework Ti content to make efficient TS‐1 catalyst.
Psychological characteristics and physiological reactivity to acute stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Pattini Elena , Carnevali Luca , Troisi Alfonso , Matrella Guido , Rollo Dolores , Fornari Mauro , Sgoifo Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStress related to parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder can differently affect caregiver's physiological reactivity to acute stress. Here, parental stress levels, psychological characteristics, and coping strategies were assessed alongside measures of heart rate, heart rate variability, and cortisol during a psychosocial stress test in mothers of children with ASD (M‐ASD, n = 15) and mothers of typically developing children (n = 15). M‐ASD reported significantly higher levels of parental stress, anxiety, negative affectivity, social inhibition, and a larger preference for avoidance strategies. M‐ASD showed larger heart rate and cortisol responses to the psychosocial stress test. A positive relationship was found between parental stress levels and the magnitude of the cortisol stress response in both groups. The present findings indicate exaggerated physiological reactivity to acute psychosocial stress in M‐ASD and prompt further research to explore the role of individual differences in mediating the effects of parental stress on physiological stress responses.
Sensors, Imaging Agents, and Theranostics to Help Understand and Treat Reactive Oxygen Species Related Diseases
Authors: Yan Kai‐Cheng , Sedgwick Adam C. , Zang Yi , Chen Guo‐Rong , He Xiao‐Peng , Li Jia , Yoon Juyoung , James Tony D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) consist of a diverse range of oxidative small molecular ions and free radicals that are produced throughout the body during certain biological processes. Due to their high reactivity, these molecules result in the damage of tissues and cells. Therefore, ROS have been implicated in an array of diseases including cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Owing to the simplicity, sensitivity, and selectivity of fluorescence‐based strategies, many small‐molecular sensors or imaging agents have been developed to sense and visualize ROS both in vitro and in vivo. Likewise, activatable drug delivery and prodrug systems that can be triggered by ROS for disease theranostics (diagnostic and therapeutic combined) have been developed. Herein, recently developed fluorescence‐based sensing and imaging agents for the detection of ROS both intracellularly and in vivo are summarized. In addition, drug delivery, which require activation by ROS to achieve disease theranostics is also discussed.
Correction to: High-yield production of l-serine from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Dong , Zhu Jiafen , Liu Wang , Xu Guoqiang , Zhang Xiaojuan , Shi Jinsong , Xu Zhenghong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Unfortunately, the order of the figures 1-4 has been positioned wrongly in the print published article
What Happens When Adequate Vascular Access Cannot Be Provided for Major Surgery (Liver Transplantation)?
Authors: Milan Zoka , Agrawal Sanjay , Katyayani Katyayani , Sharma Nikhil 
Published: April 2019

Highlights
Although not traditionally accepted as a viable central access during liver transplant, this case illustrates that in certain situations femoral central access can be successful When dealing with patients who require constant vascular access from a very early age, potential large vein thromboses should be considered Thromboprophylaxis initiation should be considered at a very early stage
The tripartite tragedy: Alcohol and other drugs, intimate partner violence and child abuse
Authors: Hameed Mohajer Abbass 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe relationship between alcohol and other drugs (AOD) misuse and intimate partner violence (IPV) is well established. However, there is a pressing need for knowledge translation in relation to the association between AOD, IPV and child abuse and neglect. A substantial number of research studies and literature reviews on the relationship between AOD and IPV have appeared over the past several decades. However, heterogeneity across the literature reviews and findings, as well as in methodological differences and limitations, may contribute to interpretive difficulties that confound conclusions and/or create confusion among the researchers, practitioners and policy makers who turn to this literature for guidance in their research, treatment and policy decisions. To address this issue, this paper examines the evidence on the topic of AOD and IPV through a focused review-of-reviews methodology to compare and synthesise the overall patterns of findings derived from several reviews that have investigated the literature on the relationship between AOD and IPV. The results derived from the review-of-reviews are synthesised and integrated to present an understanding of the association between AOD and IPV in reference to child abuse and neglect. The limitations for research and practice are discussed, placing particular focus on knowledge translation in relation to child welfare policy and parents and children involved with child protection authorities.
Current Sample Preparation and Analytical Capabilities of the Radiocarbon Laboratory at CologneAMS
Authors: Rethemeyer J , Gierga M , Heinze S , Stolz A , Wotte A , Wischhöfer P , Berg S , Melchert JO , Dewald A 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis work summarizes the methodical capabilities, improvements, and new developments in the radiocarbon laboratory of the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) facility at the University of Cologne, Germany, which was established in 2010. During the past years, the laboratory has specialized in the analysis of small and gaseous samples. We thus, recently installed a second ion source dedicated for radiocarbon (14C) analysis of CO2 samples at our 6 MV Tandetron AMS from High Voltage Engineering Europe B.V. that is coupled with the gas injection system from Ionplus and an EuroVector EA 3000 elemental analyzer. This work summarizes all pretreatment methods and analytical facilities established in our laboratory during the last years including 14C analysis of individual organic compounds and of CO2 trapped on molecular sieves. We also report different blank values including our long-term blank since 2011, which is for normal-sized, solid samples (650–1000 µg C) 0.0012 ± 0.0004 F14C (54,305 ± 2581 yr BP, n = 484). The precision obtained for modern samples measured as graphite is 0.5% and for gaseous samples injected with the GIS ≤2%.
Penser la tradition juridique occidentale
Authors: Madero Marta 
Published: April 2019

RésuméL’oeuvre de Yan Thomas a profondément marqué la recherche récente dans le domaine de l’histoire du droit. Deux convictions essentielles articulent son travail: d’une part, une aversion profonde pour les lectures doctrinales et un intérêt d’une intensité égale pour la casuistique; de l’autre, la certitude que la fiction, technique qui caractérise le droit romain, est la clef de lecture de la tradition juridique occidentale. L’article propose un cheminement en compagnie des travaux du juriste récemment disparu où l’on reprend les thèmes majeurs d’une réflexion qui permit d’assigner au droit une place consciente de sa spécificité dans le cadre d’un dialogue renouvelé avec les sciences sociales.
A re-evaluation of the Hart Ash, an important stratigraphic marker: Wright Valley, Antarctica
Authors: Schiller M. , Dickinson W.W. , Iverson N.A. , Baker J.A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReliably dated surficial deposits for reconstructing palaeoclimate are rare in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. While many tephra have been found and dated, none is well characterized. In the Wright Valley, the Hart Ash is poorly dated and described. This paper reports profiles through tephra, the chemical signature of the glass shards and new high-precision multi-crystal laser fusion of 40Ar/39Ar ages. Major and trace element analyses of glass shards indicate the tephra are phonolitic and most probably sourced from Mount Discovery in the Erebus volcanic province. Two chemically distinct and stratigraphically separate tephra layers within the Hart Ash were found in three closely spaced soil profiles. The complex stratigraphy between these profiles could not be delineated without the geochemistry of the tephra. Importantly, our data suggest that only one tephra may be an in situ fall-out deposit, which gave a robust age of 2.97 ± 0.02 Ma. This new age for the Hart Ash tephra, which is 10 cm thick and is preserved at the current surface, provides a maximum age for surface deposits in the lower Wright Valley. This study highlights that well-characterized tephra enhance stratigraphic correlations in the Dry Valleys and improve the accuracy of palaeoenvironmental interpretations.
Tracking Seasonal Fluctuations in Land Water Storage Using Global Models and GRACE Satellites
Authors: Scanlon B. R. , Zhang Z. , Rateb A. , Sun A. , Wiese D. , Save H. , Beaudoing H. , Lo M. H. , Müller‐Schmied H. , Döll P. , van Beek R. , Swenson S. , Lawrence D. , Croteau M. , Reedy R. C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSeasonal water storage fluctuations are critical for evaluating water scarcity linked to climate forcing and human intervention. Here we compare seasonal changes in land total water storage anomalies using seven global hydrologic and land surface models (WGHM, PCR‐GLOBWB, and five GLDAS models) to GRACE satellite data in 183 river basins globally. This work builds on previous analysis that focused on total water storage anomaly trends. Results show that most models underestimate seasonal water storage amplitudes in tropical and (semi)arid basins and land surface models generally overestimate amplitudes in northern basins. Some models (CLM‐5.0 and PCR‐GLOBWB) agree better with GRACE than others. Causes of model‐GRACE discrepancies are attributed to missing storage compartments (e.g., surface water and/or groundwater) and underestimation of modeled storage capacities in tropical basins and to variations in modeled fluxes in northern basins. This study underscores the importance of considering water storage, in addition to water fluxes, to improve global models.
Influences of Random Surface Waves on the Estimates of Wind Energy Input to the Ekman Layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Region
Authors: Zhang Yuming , Song Zhaoyang , Wu Kejian , Shi Yongfang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSea surface waves significantly affect the wind energy input to the Ekman layer in the upper ocean. In the study, we first incorporated the wave‐induced Coriolis‐Stokes forcing, the reduction of wind stress caused by wave generation, and wave dissipation into the classical Ekman model to investigate the kinetic energy balance in the wave‐affected Ekman layer. Then, both the theoretical steady state solution for the idealized condition and the nonsteady state solution for the realistic ocean were derived. Total energy input to the wave‐affected Ekman layer includes the wind stress energy input and the wave‐induced energy input. Based on the WAVEWATCH III model, the wave spectrum was simulated to represent realistic random directional wave conditions. The wind stress energy input and the wave‐induced energy input to the wave‐affected Ekman layer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the period from 1988 to 2010 were then calculated. The annual mean total energy input in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region was 402.5 GW and the proportions of the wind stress energy input and the wave‐induced energy input were, respectively, 85% and 15%. Particularly, total energy input in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the wave‐affected Ekman layer model was 59.8% lower than that in the classical Ekman model. We conclude that surface waves play a significant role in the wind energy input to the Ekman layer.
Global Occurrences of Electrostatic Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves Associated With Radiation Belt Electron Distributions
Authors: Chen Yaru , Zhou Qinghua , He Yihua , Yang Chang , Liu Si , Gao Zhonglei , Xiao Fuliang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves can yield diffuse aurora primarily at higher L‐shells by driving efficient precipitation loss of plasma sheet electrons. Here using the Van Allen Probes high resolution data, we examine in detail the global occurrences of ECH waves during the period from 1 October 2012 to 30 June 2017 and find that there are totally 419 events of enhanced ECH waves. The statistical results demonstrate that ECH waves can be present over a broad region of L = 4–6 and 00–24 MLT, with a higher occurrence in the region of L = 5–6 and 06–19 MLT. The electron phase space density exhibits a distinct ring distribution (∂f/∂v⊥ > 0) with the peak energy around a few kiloelectron volts. Both ECH wave events and the electron ring distributions are closely related and tend to be more distinct with increasing geomagnetic activity.
Observational Evidence of Mixed Rossby‐Gravity Waves as a Driving Force for the MJO Convective Initiation and Propagation
Authors: Takasuka Daisuke , Satoh Masaki , Yokoi Satoru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBased on observational data analyses of a Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) event during the field campaign of the Years of the Maritime Continent Project, we propose a new mechanism for MJO convective initiation and propagation to which mixed Rossby‐gravity waves (MRGs) contribute significantly. The intensive observation captured midtropospheric wind variations associated with MRGs, and those signals propagated westward over the Indian Ocean in the MJO‐suppressed phase. The transition to the MJO active phase follows tight MRG‐convection coupling, which is enhanced when the wavelength becomes shorter due to weak midlevel convergence in the western Indian Ocean. Basin‐scale anomalous midtropospheric moistening caused by MRG shallow circulations also contributes. These processes lead to the lower‐tropospheric MRG wave packet formation and successive triggering of MJO convection, with the eastward MRG group velocity corresponding to MJO propagation. Additional analysis for other MJO cases implicates potential for robustness of this MJO‐MRG relationship.
Differential lipid composition and regulation along the hippocampal longitudinal axis
Authors: Miranda André Miguel , Bravo Francisca Vaz , Chan Robin B. , Sousa Nuno , Di Paolo Gilbert , Oliveira Tiago Gil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLipids are major constituents of the brain largely implicated in physiological and pathological processes. The hippocampus is a complex brain structure involved in learning, memory and emotional responses, and its functioning is also affected in various disorders. Despite conserved intrinsic circuitry, behavioral and anatomical studies suggest the existence of a structural and functional gradient along the hippocampal longitudinal axis. Here, we used an unbiased mass spectrometry approach to characterize the lipid composition of distinct hippocampal subregions. In addition, we evaluated the susceptibility of each area to lipid modulation by corticosterone (CORT), an important mediator of the effects of stress. We confirmed a great similarity between hippocampal subregions relatively to other brain areas. Moreover, we observed a continuous molecular gradient along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus, with the dorsal and ventral extremities differing significantly from each other, particularly in the relative abundance of sphingolipids and phospholipids. Also, whereas chronic CORT exposure led to remodeling of triacylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol species in both hippocampal poles, our study suggests that the ventral hippocampus is more sensitive to CORT-induced changes, with regional modulation of ceramide, dihydrosphingomyelin and phosphatidic acid. Thus, our results confirm a multipartite molecular view of dorsal-ventral hippocampal axis and emphasize lipid metabolites as candidate effectors of glucocorticoid signaling, mediating regional susceptibility to neurological disorders associated with stress.
Mendelian randomization analysis using mixture models for robust and efficient estimation of causal effects
Authors: Qi Guanghao , Chatterjee Nilanjan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMendelian randomization (MR) has emerged as a major tool for the investigation of causal relationship among traits, utilizing results from large-scale genome-wide association studies. Bias due to horizontal pleiotropy, however, remains a major concern. We propose a novel approach for robust and efficient MR analysis using large number of genetic instruments, based on a novel spike-detection algorithm under a normal-mixture model for underlying effect-size distributions. Simulations show that the new method, MRMix, provides nearly unbiased or/and less biased estimates of causal effects compared to alternative methods and can achieve higher efficiency than comparably robust estimators. Application of MRMix to publicly available datasets leads to notable observations, including identification of causal effects of BMI and age-at-menarche on the risk of breast cancer; no causal effect of HDL and triglycerides on the risk of coronary artery disease; a strong detrimental effect of BMI on the risk of major depressive disorder.