bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nonlocal Reaction‐Diffusion‐Advection System Modeling the Phytoplankton and Zooplankton
Authors: Wang Biao , Nie Hua , Wu Jianhua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe present a nonlocal reaction‐diffusion‐advection system that models the predator–prey relationship between zooplankton and phytoplankton species in a eutrophic vertical water column. The invasion dynamics of zooplankton are analyzed in terms of the spontaneous death rates and buoyant/sinking velocities of both phytoplankton and zooplankton. Our analysis reveals that the zooplankton species can successfully invade and coexist with the phytoplankton only under conditions of low spontaneous death rates and matching buoyant/sinking velocities with phytoplankton. Additionally, we derived asymptotic profiles for the unique positive steady state of this system when one of the sinking or buoyant velocities of either phytoplankton or zooplankton approaches infinity, while the other velocity remains fixed. These findings highlight the significant role of advection due to buoyancy in shaping the dynamics of plankton ecosystems.
Theorizing Labor in the Platform Economy: Labor Restructuring in Historical Perspective
Authors: Faraoun Ahlem 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe rise of the platform economy is one of the most widely debated issues in contemporary studies of work and labor relations. Scholarly work on platform labor has been permeated by claims of radical restructuring, either caused or exacerbated by the disruptive properties of algorithms, networks and data‐driven systems of control. However, a growing body of literature has drawn attention to the weaknesses of such claims, highlighting several continuities in the organization of work between the pre‐platform and platform economy, including in labor processes and in the regulation of labor‐capital relations. This article reviews key theoretical interventions within these areas of the literature, arguing that they eventually point toward the lack of historical distinctiveness of platform labor. It then suggests that a more nuanced and critical understanding of labor restructuring and platformization as part of a process of systemic social change would benefit from engagement with the theory of Uneven and Combined Development (U&CD). This engagement would build on two lines of inquiry: workforce diversity and spatial differentiation in the platform economy. The article concludes that U&CD is a useful meta‐theoretical framework to understand change within continuity, accounting for the variegated experiences of platform workers in interconnected spaces of capitalist accumulation.
Evaluating the microbiological dynamics and physicochemical characteristics of the soil on slopes and flats in alpine mining regions with different reclamation times
Authors: Kong Lingjian , Zhang Lin , Zhang Ying , Liu Yifan , Huang Zhanbin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEcological restoration in alpine open‐pit mines significantly impacts microbial communities and soil characteristics, yet early adaptive responses in mine dump slopes and flats are not well understood. Thus, using high‐throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon study, our study uses spatial sequence rather than time successional sequence to investigate early‐stage changes in soil microbe and physicochemical properties in alpine mining land reclamation in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. The pH range of the treatment location was neutral to alkaline from 7.5 to 8.0. In 2021, conductivity is higher on slopes than on flats; however, by 2019 or before, conductivity is higher on flats than on slopes after soil reclamation. The CEC is lower for slopes and flats in 2021, but it rises for both as reclamation time lengthens. Gradual increase in soil organic matter and other nutrients and higher overall nutrient content on the flat than on the slope. The bacterial community connections during mine reclamation and restoration are as follows: Proteobacteria > Acidobacteriota > Bacteroideta > Actinobacteria > Firmicutes. Their abundance varies throughout the bacterial community. Important bacteria such as Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Lysobacter, norank‐f‐norank‐o‐Vicinamibacterales and Ferruginibacter also appeared in the reclamation process. Fertilization of side slopes can result in notable changes to the qualities of the soil, according to data from the Qinghai West Copper Mining Area. Through appropriate approaches and regular monitoring, better reclamation outcomes can be reached in the first year with more plentiful soil microorganisms on slopes.
Impact of Bebtelovimab Treatment Timing on COVID‐19 Outcomes in Ambulatory Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Salto‐Alejandre Sonsoles , Cochran Willa , Siddiqui Zishan , Langlee Julie , Boyer Lauren , Freed Kristin , Purekal Sophia , Gupta Ishaan , Bowring Mary Grace , Brennan Daniel C. , Werbel William , Avery Robin K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOutcomes after bebtelovimab treatment for COVID‐19 were favorable for most but not all solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) during the era of Omicron BA.2 to BA.5, but effects of timing of bebtelovimab administration on these outcomes are unknown. We sought to compare outcomes of SOTR who received early bebtelovimab (“EBT”, given ≤ 2 days from diagnosis) versus late bebtelovimab (“LBT”, given between Days 3 and 7), versus no bebtelovimab (NBT).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of SOTRs with mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19, with endpoint of 30‐day COVID‐19‐related hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine variables associated with receiving EBT, and to assess impact of EBT on hospitalization. A propensity score (PS) was calculated for EBT versus NBT.ResultsOf 297 SOTRs, 162 (58.1%) received EBT, 46 (16.5%) LBT, and 71 (25.4%) NBT. Early bebtelovimab treatment was associated with a lower risk of 30‐day COVID‐19‐related hospitalization compared to NBT (OR, 0.112 [95% CI, 0.018–0.686]; p = 0.018). There was no significant difference in hospitalization risk between LBT and NBT, suggesting that delayed administration may not confer additional benefits over no treatment.ConclusionsEarly bebtelovimab treatment in outpatient SOTRs was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization compared to no treatment, while late administration did not show a significant advantage over no treatment. Although bebtelovimab is no longer authorized, these findings suggest that the timing of COVID therapies for SOTRs may be important to optimize outcomes.
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The Outcomes of Adenovirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Me Hay Me , Nair Sumi , Schinstock Carrie A. , Jarmi Tambi , Zhang Nan , Budhiraja Pooja , Kodali Lavanya , Vikram Holenarasipur R. , Mour Girish 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdenovirus (ADV) infection can lead to significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly in those with hematopoietic stem cells or solid organ transplants. The incidence of ADV infection in kidney transplant (KT) is not well‐defined as ADV is often asymptomatic and not routinely checked.MethodsThis retrospective case‐series study included KT and simultaneous pancreas‐KT (SPKT) recipients from January 1, 2008, to January 31, 2024, across three Mayo Clinic sites (Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota) with symptomatic adenovirus polymerase chain reaction cases. The primary outcomes were allograft function at various intervals post‐ADV infection, allograft, and patient survival.ResultsWe report one of the largest multi‐site case series regarding outcomes of ADV in KT with 17 patients. The median time to ADV infection was 30 weeks (5–74). Five patients (29%) developed disseminated infection. Nine patients (53%) of the entire cohort experienced graft loss within a median of 35 (4–168) weeks, with four (44%) of graft loss attributed to ADV. Nine patients (53%) developed rejections post‐ADV infection with a median of 4 (2–8) weeks after resolution. One patient died from acute hypoxic respiratory failure from ADV infection.ConclusionADV should be considered in KT/SPKT patients with renal dysfunction, hematuria, and with or without fever. Despite the low mortality rate, there is a significant risk of graft loss and rejection after ADV infection. It is crucial to screen for ADV and develop intervention strategies for treatment. Further multicenter studies are needed to better define, stage, and manage ADV infection.
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Cropping history allows tracking of C4 cover crop residues by δ13C natural abundance
Authors: Lynch D.H. , Barrett R. , McNeil M.O. , Nyiraneza J. 
Published: November 2024

Given potato farm cropping history, the recent introduction of C4 cover crops may provide an in situ opportunity to track their residues by δ13C techniques. From 2019 to 2022 soil (0–15 cm) samples were collected on Prince Edward Island potato farms from 15 paired strips of sorghum sudangrass (SS) and C3 crops. Under C3 crops, soil δ13C was remarkably uniform at −27.7‰ ± 0.26‰, while SS cover cropping (aboveground biomass −12.8‰) significantly enriched soil δ13C values to −27.4‰ ± 0.38‰. This study demonstrates proof of concept that δ13C techniques can quantify the dynamics of C4 cover crop residues in potato farm soils.
Medication Errors: An Update From the Central Region of Ghana
Authors: Boye Alex , Asenso James , Ayiku Philippa Jennifer , Agroh Wisdom Xoese Kwadzo 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The study assessed the following medication error indicators: drug education by pharmacists, the clarity of physician prescription forms, patients’ and students’ drug package insert (PI) reading habits, and the adequacy of information on drug PIs.Design: A cross‐sectional study was carried out. One‐on‐one interviews were conducted with the pharmacists alongside the use of structured questionnaires to assess their involvement in drug education and experience with the clarity of physician prescription forms. A structured questionnaire was used to investigate patients’ and students’ PI reading habits. Drug PIs were collected from pharmacies, and their components were examined based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) criteria for labeling pharmaceutical products.Setting: The study was conducted at four selected hospital pharmacies, four community pharmacies, and the University of Cape Coast, in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana.Participants: The study included pharmacists working at the pharmacies, patients, and students of the University of Cape Coast, who visited any of these pharmacies.Results: Fifty‐three percent of pharmacists educate their patients on drug dosage, storage, and precautions during each patient visit, 17.6% hardly do, and 29.4% do not educate their patients. A majority of the sampled prescription forms submitted by patients to the pharmacists had illegible handwriting (63.7%) and unconventional prescription notations (78.0%). Of the 138 visiting patients, only a few (41.0%) read the PIs before drug use as compared to students (72.9%). Out of the 88 PIs collected, 90.2% had component deficiencies.Conclusion: Pharmacists’ drug education to visiting patients was poor, just as patients’ PI reading habits. Most PIs had component deficiencies, and the majority of prescription forms had some medication error‐provoking features. Going forward, pharmacists, physicians, drug manufacturers, and patients must perform their responsibilities toward the collective effort of minimizing medication errors associated with drug use.
Quantification of Goldmann Visual Fields During Resolution of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Tachibana Midori , Kanno Junji , Hashimoto Miho , Hosokawa Yu , Sawada Masafumi , Nishiyama-Ota Yuri , Konno Satomi , Aoyagi Rintaro , Ishikawa Sho , Makita Jun , Ikezono Tetsuo , Shinoda Kei 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: We describe the clinical findings in a Japanese patient with unilateral traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) who underwent steroid pulse therapy followed by optic canal decompression surgery. The optic nerve function was assessed longitudinally and quantitatively by Goldmann visual fields (GVFs). This was accomplished by measuring the area of each isopter and scotoma, and the findings were compared with the visual acuities recorded during the course of the resolution of the TON.Case Presentation: A 70‐year‐old man suffered from TON in his left eye after falling from a 3 m cliff. On examination at the Saitama Medical University Hospital, his decimal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in his left eye was 0.2. Computed tomography revealed a fracture of the lateral wall of the left orbit, but no obvious optic canal fracture was observed. Steroid pulse therapy was started, and optic nerve decompression surgery was performed. After steroid administration, there was a slight improvement in the visual acuity, and a response in the I/3e isopter was present (area 17.76 deg2). However, the V/4e area decreased from 539.35 to 359.36 deg2. Three days after the optic canal decompression surgery, the decimal visual acuity improved to 0.6, and the V/4e area and I/3e area increased to 1122.52 and 46.88 deg2, respectively. Postoperatively, there was a marked improvement in the size of the GVFs that corresponded to the improved visual acuity. The visual acuity of the left eye was 0.8 after 6 months, and the GVF was still not completely normal.Conclusions: Our findings showed the course of recovery of the visual acuity and visual field in an eye with TON. The quantification of GVF was helpful in assessing the course of recovery after the treatments. The new quantitative index of the GVFs may be helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for optic nerve disorders.
Investigating the Effect of Vitamin D3 on Osseointegration of Dental Implants in Rabbits: An Experimental Pilot Study
Authors: Diachkova Ekaterina , Petukhova Marina , Zhilkov Yury , Osmanov Polad , Pchelyakov Аlexey , Tarasenko Svetlana , Taschieri Silvio , Runova Gyuzel , Fadeev Valentin , Shalnova Svetlana , Khristidis Yana , Zaborova Victoria , Corbella Stefano 
Published: November 2024

Aim: Studying in rabbit model, the bone behavior during the process of osseointegration of dental implants mimicking vitamin deficiency D3.Materials and Methods: Six rabbits received implants in the area of the removed lower first incisor after creating a condition of vitamin D3 deficiency. Afterwards, the examinations were carried out on days 3, 5, 7, 30, and 90 when all animals were removed from the experiment. At that time, a bone block was collected within the installed dental implant, with the intact area and the area of the adjacent tooth. The samples were examined by histomorphometry analysis.Results: In rabbits with vitamin D3 deficiency, dental implants could be osseointegrated by the regeneration of the bone tissues after surgeries. However, a decrease in the number of cells involved in the construction of bone tissue—osteocytes—was recorded in the regenerated bone (40% ± 7%) as compared with the native bone immediately after implantation, before the bone remodeling processes.Conclusions: The study’s results on the rabbit model in vivo confirmed the relationship between vitamin D3 and the process of osseointegration. This in vivo experiment can be the basis for future clinical study.
Optimizing Traffic at Intersections With Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Boyko Nataliya , Mokryk Yaroslav 
Published: November 2024

Background: The purpose of this work is to develop a method of traffic optimization at intersections using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) by creating models for controlling autonomous vehicles and traffic lights in a simulated environment. The practical value of the research is to compare the performance of existing algorithms at both traffic light control and autonomous vehicle control tasks, compare their results in different scenarios, and create a framework for testing more such methods in the future.Methods: The goal of the research is achieved by using DQN, SAC, A2C, and PPO algorithms for the task of driving vehicles across the intersection and for the task of controlling the traffic lights in a simulated environment. The comparison of the selected algorithms is done using metrics such as average reward, average waiting time (AWT), average queue length (AQL), and training time. For the task of controlling vehicles, the reward function is modeled by taking into consideration of the distance to the goal, i.e., the part of the intersection to be reached by the car, and the agent is penalized for violating traffic rules. The agents that were trained to control the phases of traffic lights have their rewards modeled based on minimizing the AWT and AQL metrics. Additionally, the traffic light control agents are trained with both discrete and continuous action spaces.Results: Most DRL algorithms suffer from the problem of catastrophic forgetting or catastrophic interference, especially DQN. This problem can be remedied by using HER or other replay buffers. The PPO algorithm, especially with a low value of the entropy coefficient hyperparameter, produced the most stable results during training, although it required more iterations to achieve these results. It was found that the dependence of the reward function on the AWT and AQL metrics has a significant impact on the results of the algorithm training.Conclusions: This work compared methods for controlling traffic lights and autonomous vehicles in a custom simulated environment at a signalized intersection. A novel environment was developed, compatible with existing frameworks such as Gym, for the task of training and validating reinforcement learning algorithms.
Natural Language Processing to Adjudicate Heart Failure Hospitalizations in Global Clinical Trials
Authors: Marti-Castellote Pablo M. , Reeder Christopher , Claggett Brian , Singh Pulkit , Lau Emily S. , Khurshid Shaan , Batra Puneet , Lubitz Steven A. , Maddah Mahnaz , Vardeny Orly , Lewis Eldrin F. , Pfeffer Marc , Jhund Pardeep , Desai Akshay S. , McMurray John J.V. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Ho Jennifer E. , Solomon Scott D. , Cunningham Jonathan W. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Medical record review by a physician clinical events committee is the gold standard for identifying cardiovascular outcomes in clinical trials, but is labor-intensive and poorly reproducible. Automated outcome adjudication by artificial intelligence (AI) could enable larger and less expensive clinical trials but has not been validated in global studies.

METHODS:
We developed a novel model for automated AI-based heart failure adjudication (Heart Failure Natural Language Processing) using hospitalizations from 3 international clinical outcomes trials. This model was tested on potential heart failure hospitalizations from the DELIVER trial (Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure), a cardiovascular outcomes trial comparing dapagliflozin with placebo in 6063 patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. AI-based adjudications were compared with adjudications from a clinical events committee that followed Food and Drug Administration-based criteria.

RESULTS:
AI-based adjudication agreed with the clinical events committee in 83% of events. A strategy of human review for events that the AI model deemed uncertain (16%) would have achieved 91% agreement with the clinical events committee while reducing the adjudication workload by 84%. The estimated effect of dapagliflozin on heart failure hospitalization was nearly identical with AI-based adjudication (hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.66–0.88]) compared with clinical events committee adjudication (hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.67–0.89]). The AI model extracted symptoms, signs, and treatments of heart failure from each medical record in tabular format and quoted sentences documenting them.

CONCLUSIONS:
AI-based adjudication of clinical outcomes has the potential to improve the efficiency of global clinical trials while preserving accuracy and interpretability.
Associations of Neighborhood Food and Physical Activity Environments in Young Adulthood With Cardiovascular Health in Midlife: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Park Seong W. , Wong Mandy , Kiefe Catarina I. , Gordon‐Larsen Penny , Kershaw Kiarri N. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Adults who maintain ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) profiles up to midlife have lower risk of several chronic diseases and better quality of life. Some evidence suggests that individual‐level exposures earlier in life shape midlife CVH, but the impact of neighborhood‐level exposures over the life course remains understudied.

Methods and Results
Participants were 3017 Black and White men and women aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985–1986), recruited from Birmingham, Alabama; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Chicago, Illinois; and Oakland, California, as part of the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. Measures of the neighborhood food and physical activity environment were linked to participant addresses collected at baseline. CVH was measured on the basis of the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 criteria in young adulthood and 30 years later (2015–2016) when participants were midlife (aged 48–60 years). Associations of young adult neighborhood food environment and physical activity resources with midlife CVH (moderate versus high and low versus high) were examined using multinomial logistic regression. Models were adjusted for young adult sociodemographic factors. Participants who lived farther away from a major park in young adulthood were more likely to have low versus high CVH scores (odds ratio, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.22–1.96]) and more likely to have moderate versus high CVH scores (odds ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.12–1.73]) in midlife. No other neighborhood measures were significantly associated with CVH.

Conclusions
Young adulthood may be a sensitive period in which having convenient access to physical activity–promoting resources may help them establish healthy habits that can carry into midlife.