bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gluon: a communication-optimizing substrate for distributed heterogeneous graph analytics
Authors: Dathathri Roshan , Gill Gurbinder , Hoang Loc , Dang Hoang-Vu , Brooks Alex , Dryden Nikoli , Snir Marc , Pingali Keshav 
Published: December 2018

This paper introduces a new approach to building distributed-memory graph analytics systems that exploits heterogeneity in processor types (CPU and GPU), partitioning policies, and programming models. The key to this approach is Gluon, a communication-optimizing substrate.
Programmers write applications in a shared-memory programming system of their choice and interface these applications with Gluon using a lightweight API. Gluon enables these programs to run on heterogeneous clusters and optimizes communication in a novel way by exploiting structural and temporal invariants of graph partitioning policies.
To demonstrate Gluon’s ability to support different programming models, we interfaced Gluon with the Galois and Ligra shared-memory graph analytics systems to produce distributed-memory versions of these systems named D-Galois and D-Ligra, respectively. To demonstrate Gluon’s ability to support heterogeneous processors, we interfaced Gluon with IrGL, a state-of-the-art single-GPU system for graph analytics, to produce D-IrGL, the first multi-GPU distributed-memory graph analytics system.
Our experiments were done on CPU clusters with up to 256 hosts and roughly 70,000 threads and on multi-GPU clusters with up to 64 GPUs. The communication optimizations in Gluon improve end-to-end application execution time by ∼2.6× on the average. D-Galois and D-IrGL scale well and are faster than Gemini, the state-of-the-art distributed CPU graph analytics system, by factors of ∼3.9× and ∼4.9×, respectively, on the average.
Atrial Fibrosis by Late Gadolinium Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: 5‐Year Follow‐Up Data
Authors: Chelu Mihail G. , King Jordan B. , Kholmovski Eugene G. , Ma Junjie , Gal Pim , Marashly Qussay , AlJuaid Mossab A. , Kaur Gagandeep , Silver Michelle A. , Johnson Kara A. , Suksaranjit Promporn , Wilson Brent D. , Han Frederick T. , Elvan Arif , Marrouche Nassir F. 
Published: December 2018

Background

Late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging is an effective tool for assessment of atrial fibrosis. The degree of left atrial fibrosis is a good predictor of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) ablation success at 1 year, but the association between left atrial fibrosis and long‐term ablation success has not been studied.

Methods and Results

Late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance images of sufficient quality to quantify atrial fibrosis were obtained before the first
AF
ablation in 308 consecutive patients. Left atrial fibrosis was classified in 4 Utah stages (I, 0–10%;
II
, 10–20%;
III
, 20–30%; and
IV
, >30%). Patients were followed up for up to 5 years until the time of first arrhythmia recurrence or second ablation. A total of 308 patients were included; the mean age was 64.5±12.1 years, and 63.4% were men. During follow‐up, 157 patients experienced an arrhythmia recurrence and 106 patients underwent a repeated ablation. A graded effect was observed in which patients with more advanced atrial fibrosis were more likely to experience recurrent
AF
(hazard ratio for stage
IV
versus stage I, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.57–4.75) and undergo a repeated ablation (proportional odds ratio for stage
IV
versus stage I, 5.19; 95% confidence interval, 2.12–12.69).

Conclusions

The degree of left atrial fibrosis predicts the success of
AF
ablation at up to 5 years follow‐up. In patients with advanced atrial fibrosis,
AF
ablation is associated with a high procedural failure rate.
Providing mental health peer support 1: A Delphi study to develop consensus on the essential components, costs, benefits, barriers and facilitators
Authors: Burke Eilish M , Pyle Melissa , Machin Karen , Morrison Anthony P 
Published: December 2018

Background: While formalised mental health peer support is on the increase, there continues to be a lack of consensus regarding the peer supporter role. Aim: The aim was to develop consensus on the essential components, personal costs, personal benefits, barriers and facilitators involved in providing mental health peer support. Methods: The Delphi method was used. In the first round, an exhaustive list of statements pertaining to peer support was generated from literature review and consultation with experienced peer supporters. In the second round, 147 UK peer supporters rated statements online or via post, and completed a questionnaire about experiences of providing peer support. Criteria for consensus were applied. Where there was uncertainty, statements were re-rated. Descriptive statistics and group comparisons were calculated. The final statements were grouped thematically. Results: Consensus was reached on statements pertaining to essential components ( n = 67), personal benefits ( n = 21), barriers ( n = 1) and facilitators ( n = 35). Formal peer support involves many skills and competencies. Most participants agreed that a wide range of personal benefits come with the role. Organisations may facilitate peer support through their values, actions and oversight. Approximately half of the sample worked in public services and were more likely to have concerns regarding pay and career progression. Conclusion and Implications for Practice: Results define the peer supporter role and add to the knowledge base about optimal conditions for it to thrive. Recommendations are made regarding role development and career progression, and future research to better understand personal costs and benefits.
Illness representations about schizophrenia and bipolar disorder held by French people without a mental disorder
Authors: Averous Priscillia , Charbonnier Elodie , Lagouanelle-Simeoni Marie-Claude , Dany Lionel 
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The stigmatization of various mental disorders has been widely studied, but the common understanding of mental disorders has seldom been explored, especially for specific psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. We used the Common-Sense Model to understand and compare the general public’s multidimensional illness representations for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Methods: The sample recruited was 1,000 participants who reported no mental disorder, and their public illness representations for schizophrenia ( n = 500) and bipolar disorder ( n = 500) were assessed via an Internet survey using a modified version of the Illness Perception Questionnaire for Schizophrenia. Results: Schizophrenia was viewed as more serious, severe, and chronic than bipolar disorder, with a high impact, major consequences, and less effective treatments. Environmental and individual factors were rated higher for bipolar disorder than they were for schizophrenia, while biological functioning items were rated lower. Conclusion: Similarities between the public’s illness representations observed in this study and the representations of patients and relatives explored in previous studies confirm that illness representations are essentially guided by social communication and cultural knowledge about the relevant illness. This reinforces the need to improve social communication about mental disorders and more specifically schizophrenia.
The relationship between polygamy and psychiatric disorders in Turkish women
Authors: Yılmaz Ertan , Tamam Lut 
Published: December 2018

Backround: Recent data suggest a reduction in the prevalence of polygamy in the southeastern region in Turkey where this type of marriage is common. According to previously studies, polygamous wives, especially senior ones have more intense psychological distress. Aim: This study aims to study the relationship between polygamous marriage and various socio-demographic variables, self-esteem, depressive symptoms and psychiatric disorders. Method: The study consisted of a total of 108 women above the age of 18, of whom 72 were involved in polygamous marriages (30 women were senior wives and 42 women were junior wives) and 36 were in monogamous marriages. Participants were assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed by DSM5-based psychiatric interview. Results: The average age was 45.73 ± 15.22 years for senior wives, 36.57 ± 10.26 years for juniors and 33.94 ± 9.08 years for monogamous ones. Although the senior and junior wives were scored higher in the RSE, the difference was not statistically significant. Senior wives tended to score higher in BDI. In the analysis of variance (ANOVA), a significant difference was found between senior wives and monogamous wives but not between junior wives and monogamous wives. The frequencies of dysthymia, posttraumatic stress disorder, somatic symptom disorder and panic disorder among senior wives were significantly higher than in the other groups. Moreover, the frequency of dysthymia was significantly higher among the junior wives compared to the monogamous wives. Conclusion: Polygamous wives are designated to be a disadvantaged subgroup in respect to mental health practices. Mental health professionals, lawmakers and policy planners should put an effort to increase awareness of the relation of polygamy with psychiatric disorder.
Hormonal Contraception and the Informed Consent*
Authors: Hilger David J. , Raviele Kathleen M. , Hilgers Teresa A. 
Published: December 2018

Since the 1960s, hormonal contraceptives have become the most commonly used method of pregnancy prevention in the United States and the world. Oral contraceptives are used by a large percentage of women, including Christian women. There are known health risks to women demonstrated in research published since Pope Paul VI’s prophetic encyclical Humanae vitae in 1968. These risks include venous thrombosis, cardiovascular risks, and an increased risk of cancer. These risks are medically recognized with continued scientific debate on the degree. The risks are significantly increased with preexisting conditions and in certain demographic groups. Discussing known and potential treatment risks is a standard that is both accepted by the medical community and is increasingly expected by patients. This discussion can be accomplished by the mechanism and principle of informed consent. Depending on the circumstances, abstinence or fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs) should be presented to patients. FABMs are licit, safe, and effective methods of pregnancy prevention. Informed consent is the most effective means of providing patients with pertinent information on the significant risks of contraception. Summary: This article discusses the use of the informed consent to provide patients with information on the medical and ethical risks of oral contraceptives. FABMs and abstinence are presented as effective, safe, and licit preferences to oral contraceptives. Discussing known and potential treatment risks is accepted by the medical community and expected by patients (shared decision making). The authors discuss the historical context of Pope Paul VI’s encyclical Humanae vitae in relationship to the development and rapid adoption of oral contraceptives.
Clarifying Indeterminate Results on the Rabies Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test Using Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Appler Kim , Brunt Scott , Jarvis Jodie A. , Davis April D. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Each year, rabies virus infection results in the death of more than 50 000 persons worldwide. In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported 23 human rabies cases from May 1, 2008, through October 1, 2017. Although rabies testing in the United States is highly reliable, some specimens submitted to rabies laboratories do not have adequate tissues or may be substantially decomposed. In these instances, the specimen may be considered unsatisfactory for testing or produce indeterminate results using the gold standard direct fluorescent antibody test. The objective of this study was to evaluate the number of unsatisfactory samples or samples with indeterminate results that were positive for rabies virus after additional testing using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods: In 2016, we retested all unsatisfactory specimens or specimens with indeterminate results using real-time RT-PCR. We further typed any sample that was real-time RT-PCR positive to identify the infecting rabies virus variant. Results: Of 210 retested unsatisfactory specimens or specimens with indeterminate results, 9 (4.3%) were positive for rabies. In each case, the animal was infected with a homologous rabies virus variant. Conclusion: These results confirm the recommendation by CDC and state public health laboratories that indeterminate results should be considered positive and justify the prompt treatment of exposed persons through an animal that is suspected to have rabies.
Long‐term Outcome for Open and Endoscopically Resected Sinonasal Tumors
Authors: Hagemann Jan , Roesner Jana , Helling Soenke , Jacobi Christian , Doescher Johannes , Engelbarts Matthias , Kuenzel Julian , Krauss Philipp , Becker Sven , Betz Christian Stephan 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveEndoscopic resection of sinonasal cancer has become an alternative to open craniofacial surgery and leads to safe and satisfying results in emerging numbers. Randomized study data comparing outcomes between approaches are missing. Hence, it remains unclear which subgroups of patients might profit most from each technique. We aimed to identify such patient and tumor characteristics and gather information for future prospective study design.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary academic center.Subjects and MethodsThis study is based on a retrospective chart review of 225 patients undergoing open craniofacial or endoscopic resection for sinonasal malignancy between 1993 and 2015 at Munich University Hospital. Statistical analyses include t test, chi‐square, Kaplan‐Meier charts, and univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe sample size was similar between the endoscopic and open surgery groups. Tumors were significantly larger in patients who underwent open craniofacial resection. The risk of notable bleeding (P =. 041) was lower and hospital stay shorter (P =. 001) for endoscopic interventions of all tumor stages. Rates of overall (P =. 024) and disease‐specific (P =. 036) survival were significantly improved for endoscopic cases; improved recurrence‐free survival rates did not achieve statistical significance (P =. 357). For cases matched for tumor size, this improvement was confirmed for T3 tumors (P =. 038). Regional and distant metastatic tumor spread generally worsened survival in both surgical subgroups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed independent prognosticators for overall survival.ConclusionEndoscopic tumor resection remains a suitable option for distinct indications and showed improved outcome in intermediate‐stage tumors in our collective. Further randomized studies acknowledging the here‐identified factors are needed to improve future therapy guidelines and patient care.
Bone turnover markers in relation to vitamin D status and disease activity in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sarkissian A , Sivaraman V , Bout-Tabaku S , Ardoin S P , Moore-Clingenpeel M , Mruk V , Steigelman H , Morris K , Bowden S A 
Published: December 2018

Objective Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have altered bone metabolism and are at risk of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to examine bone turnover markers in relation to vitamin D, disease activity, and clinical risk factors in patients with established SLE. Methods Clinical registry and biorepository data of 42 SLE patients were assessed. Serum samples were analyzed for osteocalcin as a marker of bone formation, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) as a marker for bone resorption, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Results Patients with a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI) score of 3 or greater had a lower median osteocalcin level ( P = 0.02) and lower 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels ( P = 0.03) than those with a score of less than 3. No significant differences in bone turnover markers were observed between patients dichotomized into subgroups using a 25-hydroxy vitamin D cut-off of 30 ng/mL or by a daily prednisone dose greater than or 5 mg or less. Osteocalcin levels were negatively correlated with SLEDAI scores ( P = 0.034), and were positively correlated with the CTX index (a ratio of measured CTX value to the upper limit of the normal value for age and gender) ( P < 0.01). No association between the CTX index and SLEDAI scores was found. Conclusion SLE disease activity may have direct effects on bone formation, but no effects on bone resorption in this cohort of established SLE patients, probably related to the inflammation-suppressing effects of glucocorticoids, thereby inhibiting cytokine-induced osteoclast activity. A fine balance exists between disease control and the use of glucocorticoids with regard to bone health.
Foreign Body Reaction Associated With Artificial LARS Ligaments: A Retrieval Study
Authors: Sinagra Zachary Paul , Kop Alan , Pabbruwe Moreica , Parry Jeremy , Clark Gavin 
Published: December 2018

Background: Artificial ligaments have been developed and used in the treatment of ligamentous injuries since the 1970s. The early generation of artificial ligaments showed promising short-term results but resulted in high rates of rupture and inflammatory reaction in the surrounding tissues. Purpose: To determine whether the use of Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS) ligaments is associated with the development of intra-articular foreign body reaction. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: LARS ligaments were explanted from 15 patients under 6 consultant orthopaedic surgeons at 8 surgical centers. Of these, 14 explanted samples were sent for macroscopic and histological analysis, with the 1 remaining sample sent for scanning electron microscopy, to assess for inflammatory change as well as the degree of fibrous tissue ingrowth. Results: We observed a foreign body reaction in 10 of 14 explanted LARS ligaments. Seven samples demonstrated fibrous tissue ingrowth, with 5 producing only focal or incomplete ingrowth. The 2 samples with extensive fibrous coverage were completely free of any foreign body reaction, while all 5 remaining samples with only focal or partial fibrous ingrowth were associated with at least some degree of harmful immune response. Conclusion: The LARS ligament is still associated with a clinically significant degree of foreign body reaction despite the LARS Company’s efforts to reduce complications through improved design. The development and completion of fibrous tissue ingrowth may work to reduce the occurrence of a foreign body reaction.
Comparison of endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness with endothelial cell density for the diagnosis of corneal transplant rejection
Authors: Smith Christopher , Kaitis Daniel , Winegar Jordan , Edelstein Sean , Council Matthew , Kontadakis George , Bentivegna Rocio , Shousha Mohamed Abou 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: This study compared the effectiveness of endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness obtained using high-definition anterior segment optical coherence tomography with endothelial cell density obtained using confocal microscopy as diagnostic tools in predicting corneal transplant rejection. Methods: This observational, prospective, cross-sectional study evaluated penetrating keratoplasty grafts. Slit lamp examination organized the grafts into healthy or rejecting grafts. Grafts were scanned using both high-definition anterior segment optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy. Central corneal thickness, endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness, endothelial cell density, and coefficient of variation were each compared with the clinical status. Descemet’s rejection index, defined by endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness divided by central corneal thickness multiplied by 33, further compared endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness with central corneal thickness. Results: Endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness, central corneal thickness, and Descemet’s rejection index were all able to differentiate between clear and rejected corneal grafts ( p < 0.0001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.012, respectively). Endothelial cell density and coefficient of variation did not correlate with the clinical status ( p = 0.054 and p = 0.102, respectively). Endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness had the largest area under the curve using receiver operating characteristic curves ( p < 0.0001). Endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness had a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 81% with a cutoff value of >16.0 µm ( p < 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of endothelial cell density were both 71% with a cutoff value of ⩽897 cells/mm2 ( p = 0.053). There was a high correlation between endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness and both Descemet’s rejection index and central corneal thickness ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness measured by high-definition anterior segment optical coherence tomography is a useful parameter for the diagnosis of corneal graft rejection. The diagnostic performance of endothelial/Descemet’s membrane complex thickness was significantly better than that of endothelial cell density and central corneal thickness. Endothelial cell density and the coefficient of variation were unable to diagnose corneal graft rejection in our cross-sectional study.
Improving hand hygiene compliance with patient zone demarcation: More than just lines on the floor
Authors: Yin Shanqing , Lim Phaik Kooi , Chan Yoke Hwee 
Published: December 2018

Background Hand hygiene compliance can be difficult to improve as this prospective activity may not come to mind easily during busy clinical operations. Clinicians are often driven by clinical goals under time pressure, and the sudden recall to clean hands can either be disruptive or too late. Using patient zones as a reference has been known to be helpful. A low-tech solution of taping patient zones on the floor was introduced in a children’s intensive care unit. Coupled with this demarcation is a simplified protocol that uses patient zones for “just-in-time” reminders. Clinicians now clean their hands whenever they cross zone lines, namely “ before patient zone” and “ after patient zone”, along with “ before aseptic procedure” and “ after bodily fluids exposure”. Methods The mandatory national quarterly hand hygiene surveillance data for children’s intensive care unit and the entire hospital was tracked. Seven pre-intervention and seven post-intervention quarters were compared for improvement and sustainability. Results Overall, children’s intensive care unit hand hygiene compliance rose from an average of 77% to 90%, as well as physicians' hand hygiene compliance rates from 72% to 86%, and these differences are statistically significant. Hand Hygiene Moment 1 as defined by World Health Organization benefited the most from this intervention. Discussion Patient zone demarcation, along with more intuitive hand hygiene guidelines, is a cost-effective, operationally sensitive intervention that can improve hand hygiene compliance. The bundled solution taps on human factors science in understanding the cognitive challenges faced by clinicians. The positive effects are most profound in multi-bed cubicles where patient zones and infection control barriers are not clearly visible.