bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Empirically Derived Index of High School Academic Rigor
Authors: Allen Jeff , Mattern Krista , Ndum Edwin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe derived an index of high school academic rigor (HSAR) by optimizing the prediction of first‐year college GPA (FYGPA) based on high school courses taken, grades, and indicators of advanced coursework. Using a large data set and nominal parameterization of high school course outcomes, the HSAR index capitalizes on differential contributions across courses and nonlinear relationships between course grades and FYGPA. Test scores from eighth grade were incorporated in the model to isolate the contribution of HSAR. High school courses with the largest relationships with FYGPA were English 11, English 12, Chemistry, English 10, Calculus, and Algebra 2. Participation in Advanced Placement, accelerated, or honors courses increased HSAR. The correlation of the HSAR index and FYGPA was .52 and the HSAR index led to modest improvement in overall prediction when combined with high school GPA and ACT Composite score. HSAR index subgroup differences were smaller than subgroup differences in ACT Composite score. Implications for high school counselors, researchers, and postsecondary student service personnel are discussed.
Protective effects of gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor antagonist RC‐3095 in an animal model of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Guo Long , Wu Xinwan , Zhang Ying , Wang Fang , Li Jinbao , Zhu Jiali 
Published: January 2019

AimWe aimed to evaluate effects of RC‐3095 on mice with hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) injury and further explore the possible underlying mechanism.MethodsMice were subjected to partial hepatic ischemia for 60 min followed by different durations of reperfusion. Levels of gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) and GRP receptor (GRPR) in the blood and liver were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or western blotting (WB) after 3, 6, 12, or 24 h of reperfusion. RC‐3095 or normal saline (control) was given i.p. at the time of reperfusion. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐10 in blood and liver samples were examined with ELISA. Neutrophil influx into the liver was assessed by flow cytometry and myeloperoxidase assay. Hematoxylin–eosin staining of the liver and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling assay were used to determine hepatic injury and hepatocellular necrosis. Activation of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB and p38/extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) was investigated with WB.ResultsThe expression of GRP was upregulated within 3 h after reperfusion and remained elevated for up to 24 h in the liver, whereas GRPR was also upregulated after 3 or 6 h of reperfusion, but returned to baseline levels within 24 h. RC‐3095 significantly reduced the inflammatory hepatic injury, liver neutrophil accumulation, and hepatocellular apoptosis, probably by inhibiting activation of NF‐κB or p38/ERK MAPK.ConclusionThese findings supported that GRP–GRPR played an important role in hepatic I/R injury, and RC‐3095 ameliorated liver damage by suppressing the inflammatory response and hepatocellular necrosis.
“I never imagined” pronunciation as “such an interesting thing”: Student teacher perception of innovative practices
Authors: Burri Michael , Baker Amanda 
Published: January 2019

Despite extensive research conducted into language teacher education practices and outcomes, student teachers' uptake of innovative practices is still largely unexplored. This study examined the perception of 15 graduate student teachers of a unique haptic (movement and touch) pronunciation teaching method in which they were trained. Focus group interviews, semi‐structured interviews, and weekly observations were triangulated over a period of 16 weeks to attain insights into participants' perceptions of haptic pronunciation teaching. Findings suggested that their overall view of haptic pronunciation instruction was positive, but challenges with performing the pedagogical movements and uncertainty about the method's efficacy clouded some of their perceptions. The paper concludes with a discussion about supporting student teachers in overcoming their doubts about applying innovative pedagogy.
De‐implementation of tradition‐based practices in critical care: A qualitative study
Authors: Bourgault Annette M. , Upvall Michele J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the process of tradition‐based practice (TBP) de‐implementation by critical care nurses.BackgroundRitualistic and routine practices have been described as sacred cows or TBPs. Many clinical practices have insufficient or no evidence and may lead to poor patient outcomes. De‐implementation (termination) of potentially harmful, ineffective, or non cost‐effective TBP is necessary to facilitate evidence‐based practice (EBP) in the clinical setting.DesignDescriptive qualitative inquiry guided this study.MethodsTwenty‐two critical care nurses from an acute care hospital in central Florida participated. Individual and focus group interviews were performed March to July 2016 and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: (a) uncertainty, (b) desire to know, and (c) preparing for practice change. Nurses were uncertain about the scientific underpinnings of everyday clinical practices and had difficulty differentiating TBP from EBP. De‐implementation processes and strategies appeared to replicate implementation processes.ConclusionMore research is needed to evaluate de‐implementation processes and strategies used for de‐implementation. An emphasis should be placed on ensuring that nurses are knowledgeable about fundamental EBP skills to encourage assessment of clinical practices for supporting research evidence. Awareness and understanding of TBPs will facilitate a more comprehensive approach towards achieving the gold standard of EBP.
Cryofreezing catheter ablation of adenosine triphosphate sensitive atrial tachycardia
Authors: Okishige Kaoru , Shigeta Takatoshi , Nishimura Takuro , Nakamura Rena A. , Hirao Tatsuhiko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Sasano Tetsuo , Hirao Kenzo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitive atrial tachycardia (AT) has been treated by radiofrequency catheter ablation. Cryofreezing energy has emerged as a novel energy source for catheter ablation. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of cryofreezing ablation for ATP‐sensitive AT.Methods and ResultsA total of six patients with ATP‐sensitive ATs were included in this study. A single atrial extrastimulation was able to initiate and terminate these ATs in all six patients. The electrophysiological findings satisfied the diagnostic criteria of ATP‐sensitive AT. The ablation catheter was located at the earliest activation site of atrial excitation during the AT, and cryofreezing energy was delivered through a cryoablation catheter to perform cryomapping at temperature of −30 or −80°C. When cryomapping successfully terminated the ATs, cryoablation at a temperature of −80°C was subsequently performed. The earliest atrial activation during AT was recorded at the Koch's triangle area associated with a distinct intra‐atrial activation sequence from that recorded during ventricular pacing. Cryoablation was performed at successful cryomapping sites and resulted in the complete elimination of the AT in all six patients without affecting the bidirectional atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction.ConclusionCryofreezing energy was safe and effective in treating ATP‐sensitive ATs even in patients with its origins located in the vicinity of the AV node.
Does a combination of platelet‐rich plasma and decalcified freeze‐dried bone allograft offer advantages over decalcified freeze‐dried bone allograft alone when using pocket depth and clinical attachment level as markers for periodontal healing? A literature review
Authors: Jethwa Jashan , Ireland Robert S. , Chan David 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether a combination of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and decalcified freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA) offers advantages over DFDBA and saline in infrabony defects. The objectives were to primarily evaluate changes in clinical attachment level (CAL) and secondarily changes in pocket depth (PD). A search was performed of electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science), as well as hand searching and reference list searching. Only randomized, controlled trials published up until 30 March 2018 were included that had a follow‐up period of at least 6 months. Four papers met the eligibility criteria and were critically appraised using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement and put through the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. In three of the four studies, clinically and significantly greater CAL gains and PD reductions were observed in patients who received PRP and DFDBA in comparison to those who received DFDBA and saline (P < 0.05). Methodological heterogeneity existed among the studies, especially in the preparation of PRP and the type of infrabony defect. This made it difficult to draw clear conclusions, but despite this, the studies could still be regarded, as significant as they showed a low risk of bias.
Divergent behaviour of Th and U during anatexis: Implications for the thermal evolution of orogenic crust
Authors: Yakymchuk Chris , Brown Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMobilization and migration of the heat‐producing elements (HPE) during anatexis is a critical process in the development of orogenic systems, the evolution of continental crust and the stabilization of cratons. In many crustal rocks the accessory minerals are the dominant hosts of Th and U, and the behaviour of these minerals during partial melting controls the concentrations of these elements in draining melt and residue. We use phase equilibrium modelling to evaluate if loss of melt saturated in the essential structural constituents of the accessory minerals can explain the concentrations of Th and U in residual metasedimentary migmatites and granulites along two well‐characterized crustal transects in the Ivrea zone, Italy and at Mt Stafford, Australia. While an equilibrium model of accessory mineral breakdown and melt loss approximates the depletion of U in the residual crust along both transects, it does not explain the relative enrichment of Th. We propose that the high Th concentrations in residual crust may be explained by either inhibition of monazite dissolution by kinetic factors or near‐peak growth of new high Th grains and overgrowth rims on undissolved monazite due to migration of melt through the orogenic crust. Retention of the HPE in the middle and deep orogenic crust may allow metasedimentary granulites to overcome the enthalpy barrier of melting to achieve ultrahigh temperature conditions and may be partly responsible for the slow cooling of many granulite terranes. Lastly, although the mantle was warmer and crustal heat production was higher in the past, peak temperatures and apparent thermal gradients of high‐temperature (HT)–ultrahigh temperature (UHT) granulite terranes have not decreased significantly since the Neoarchean. However, the pressure of HP granulite facies metamorphism has increased gradually from the Archean to the Phanerozoic, which suggests that the lithosphere became stronger as secular cooling of the mantle enabled plate collisions to form thicker orogens. Thus, as the lithosphere became stronger, the proportion of HT–UHT metamorphism associated with thin lithosphere and mantle heat has decreased, whereas the proportion associated with the formation of thick crust and radiogenic heat has increased.
The medial pulvinar: function, origin and association with neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Homman‐Ludiye Jihane , Bourne James A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe pulvinar is primarily referred to for its role in visual processing. However, the ‘visual pulvinar’ only encompasses the inferior and lateral regions of this complex thalamic nucleus. The remaining medial portion (medial pulvinar, PM) establishes distinct cortical connectivity and has been associated with directed attention, executive functions and working memory. These functions are particularly impaired in neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia and attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), both of which have been associated with abnormal PM architecture and connectivity. With these disorders becoming more prevalent in modern societies, we review the literature to better understand how the PM can participate in the pathophysiology of cognitive disorders and how a better understanding of the development and function of this thalamic nucleus, which is most likely exclusive to the primate brain, can advance clinical research and treatments.
Recruitment of the high elevation cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides is limited by competition, thus threatened by currently established vegetation
Authors: Chen Jian‐Guo , Yang Yang , Wang Song‐Wei , Stöcklin Jürg , Peng De‐Li , Sun Hang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCushion plants have been confirmed to be keystone species of alpine ecosystems. However, the adaptive strategies responsible for their recruitment and persistence remain largely unclear. Also, the effect of competition by species already established in surrounding vegetation is not known. We first assessed population size and the frequency distribution of individuals of different size in communities of the keystone cushion Arenaria polytrichoides Edgew. along an elevational gradient in southwestern China. Furthermore, in controlled experiments the effects of soil quality, light availability, and competition by other species on seedling recruitment and survival was tested. At lower elevation individuals were larger (elder), but population size (density) was lower compared to higher elevation; similarly, adults and old individuals were relatively more frequent at low elevation, whereas juvenile and small individuals were more frequent at higher elevations. Seedling recruitment differed depending on soil origin with seeds sown in soils from low elevation having a higher germination percentage and seedling survival when grown without competition. Competition by other species delayed germination but did not influence the final germination percentage, but it increased seedling mortality and reduced their survival. Full light accelerated the germination process, but did not affect final germination percentage and seedling mortality. Results suggest that the recruitment and persistence of A. polytrichoides is strongly affected by competition, whereas temperature and soil quality are less important. We speculate that when populations of cushion A. polytrichoides are likely to be exposed to higher competition due to environmental changes, this species is in danger of being weeded out.
Adult women and ADHD: On the temporal dimensions of ADHD identities
Authors: Stenner Paul , O'Dell Lindsay , Davies Alison 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper uses conceptual resources drawn from psychosocial process thinking (Brown & Reavey, 2015; Brown & Stenner, 2009; Stenner, 2017) and from G.H. Mead in particular, to contribute to an emerging body of work on the experiences of adult women with ADHD (Horton‐Salway & Davies, 2018; Quinn & Madhoo, 2014; Singh, 2002; Waite & Ivey, 2009). It has a particular focus on how ADHD features in the construction of women's identities and life‐stories and it draws upon findings from a qualitative investigation of adult women diagnosed or self‐diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A theoretically informed ‘thematic decomposition’ of 16 depth interviews reveals how complex processes of identity transformation are mediated by the social category of ADHD. Through this process, troubled pasts are reconstructed from the perspective of an ‘emergent’ identity that offers participants the potential for a more enabling and positive future.
School Hours and Maternal Labor Supply
Authors: Shure Nikki 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis paper examines the effect of extending the primary school day on maternal labor supply. I exploit the staggered nature of the recent German reform to extend school hours and assess whether or not gaining access to a full day school increases the likelihood that mothers enter into the labor market or extend their hours worked if already employed. I use the German Socio‐Economic Panel data set (GSOEP) and link it to a self‐collected school‐level data set with geographical information software (GIS). Using a flexible difference‐in‐difference approach in the estimation of linear probability and logit models, I find that the policy has a statistically significant effect of approximately five percentage points at the extensive margin, drawing more women into the labor market. I find no significant effect of the policy at the intensive margin; women who were already working do not extend their hours worked. This has implications for policies to extend the school day that do not correspond to the working day.
Diversity of the oral microbiome between dentate and edentulous individuals
Authors: Gazdeck R. Kyle , Fruscione Sarah R. , Adami Guy R. , Zhou Yalu , Cooper Lyndon F. , Schwartz Joel L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of saliva microbes is promoted as a way to detect oral and systemic disease, yet there is a multitude of factors that affect the oral microbiome. The salivary microbiome is influenced by oral biofilm of shedding (epithelial) and non‐shedding (tooth) surfaces.MethodsTo gauge the ability of salivary microbial analytics to distinguish between edentulous and dentate oral conditions, we looked for differences in the saliva microbiome of subjects with and without teeth. Fifty‐two dentate and 49 edentulous subjects provided stimulated saliva samples. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, QIIME‐based data processing, and statistical analysis were done using several different analytical approaches to detect differences in the salivary microbiome between the two groups.ResultsBacteria diversity was lower in the edentulous group. Remarkably, all 31 of the most significant differences in taxa were deficits that occur in the edentulous group. As one might expect many of these taxa are attributed to dental plaque and gingival sulcus associated bacteria.ConclusionIn sum, the measurement of 16S rRNA genes in the bacteria of the saliva can be used to reproducibly measure differences in the oral microbiome that occur with edentulism, mainly the lack of tooth and tooth‐related structures.
Brain abscess potentially secondary to periodontal infection resulting in death of a young patient
Authors: Bonardi J.P. , Silva L.F. , Momesso G.A.C. , de Lima V.N. , Pereira R.S. , Garcia Júnior I.R. , Faverani L.P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to report a case of a 17‐year‐old female patient referred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) team from Santa Casa de Araçatuba who was unconscious, had a Glasgow coma score of 3, and was diagnosed by a neurosurgeon with brain death. Her mother reported that the patient showed no systemic disease. The patient underwent a supragingival curettage after completion of an orthodontic treatment. One day after the procedure, the patient showed oedema at the canine superior right space and fluctuation point. After the abscess was drained, there was a worsening of clinical condition. The patient was referred to the Intensive Care Unit and showed only a leukocytosis (approximately 17 000 mm³). The OMS team observed a tissue necrosis on her right superior lip extending to the lower eyelid on the same side and oedema of the periorbital region. On computed tomography sections, hypodense images affecting the larger part of the right cerebral hemisphere were observed, suggestive of brain abscess. Unfortunately, the patient showed no response and her condition evolved to brain death, as diagnosed by electroencephalogram tests performed three times every 12 h. It is necessary to be highly careful with even minimal signs of infection, because we never know the aggressiveness of the bacteremia.
Why Nearly Everything Is KnowableA Priori
Authors: Cutter Brian 
Published: January 2019

This paper argues that nearly every proposition could in principle be known a priori, with exceptions for necessary falsehoods and a few other odd cases. The argument for this conclusion has two main premises: (i) Odd exceptions aside, if it is possible that p, then it is possible that someone knows innately that p. (ii) Necessarily, whatever is known innately is known a priori. After defending (i) and (ii), I conclude by suggesting that the best way to recover a reasonably limited and interesting conception of the a priori is to adopt an anthropocentric conception of a priori knowability, one that is relativized to our own innate cognitive capacities. However, this proposal has consequences that contradict prevailing views about the a priori. More importantly, this proposal has the result that many philosophical applications of the notion of apriority are misguided.
Angiopoietin‐2 as a predictor of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients and association with ARDS
Authors: Araújo Camila Barbosa , de Oliveira Neves Fernanda Macedo , de Freitas Daniele Ferreira , Arruda Bianca Fernandes Távora , de Macêdo Filho Leonardo José Monteiro , Salles Vivian Brito , Meneses Gdayllon Cavalcante , Martins Alice Maria Costa , Libório Alexandre Braga 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveAngiopoietin‐2 (AGPT2) has been proposed as a key mediator of organ dysfunction, mainly in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It has also been associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to investigate the role of AGPT2 in patients with and without ARDS.MethodsIn a cohort study with critically ill patients, AGPT1 and AGPT2 were assayed in plasma collected within the first 24 h after admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Severe AKI and the need for dialysis were outcome measures from comparative analysis with clinical characteristics useful for AKI risk stratification.ResultsAmong 283 patients (50.2% males), 109 (38.5%) had ARDS. AGPT2 levels at admission were higher in patients with ARDS. Although overall AGPT2 and AGPT2/AGPT1 levels were associated with severe AKI, this association was not significant in patients without ARDS; however, it remained strongly significant in ARDS patients. In patients without ARDS, AGPT2 showed only a weak discriminatory capacity to predict severe AKI (area under the curve (AUC): 0.64 vs 0.81 in the ARDS group). The continuous net reclassification improvement (NRI) in the ARDS group resulting from AGPT2 inclusion was 64.1% (P < 0.001) and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) index was 0.057 (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in NRI in the no‐ARDS group.ConclusionAGPT2 and AGPT2/AGPT1 ratio are associated with severe AKI and there was only a need of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with or at risk of ARDS, not in other critically ill patients. Adding AGPT2 to a clinical model resulted in a significant improvement in the capacity to predict severe AKI specifically in ARDS patients.