bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotransport of metallic trace elements from marine to terrestrial ecosystems by seabirds
Authors: Shoji A. , Elliott K.H. , Aris-Brosou S. , Mizukawa H. , Nakayama S.M.M. , Ikenaka Y. , Ishizuka M. , Kuwae T. , Watanabe K. , Escoruela Gonzalez J. , Watanuki Y. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Physical systems, such as currents and winds, have traditionally been considered responsible for transporting contaminants. Although evidence is mounting that animals play a role in this process through their movements, we still know little about how such contaminant biotransport occurs and the extent of effects at deposition sites. In the present study, we address this question by studying how rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata), a seabird that occurs in immense colonies (∼300 000 pairs at our study site, Teuri Island), affect contaminant levels at their colony and at nearby sites. More specifically, we hypothesize that contaminants are transported and deposited by seabirds at their colony and that these contaminants are passed on locally to the terrestrial ecosystem. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the concentration of 9 heavy metal and metalloids, as well as δ13C and δ15N stable isotopes, in bird tissues, plants, and soil, both within and outside of the colony. The results show that rhinoceros auklets transport marine-derived mercury (Hg), possibly from their wintering location, and deposit Hg via their feces at their breeding site, thereby contaminating plants and soils within the breeding colony. The present study confirms not only that animals can transport contaminants from marine to terrestrial ecosystems, potentially over unexpectedly long distances, but also that bird tissues contribute locally to plant contamination. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:106–114. © 2018 SETAC
Cable tray FIRE tests simulations in open atmosphere and in confined and mechanically ventilated compartments with the CALIF3S/ISIS CFD software
Authors: Bascou Sophie , Zavaleta Pascal , Babik Fabrice 
Published: October 2018

SummaryFire hazard in nuclear power plants (NPPs) is particularly often investigated as potential cause of safety equipment failure and confinement loss. Many fire events recorded in NPPs involve electric cables, widely used throughout facilities. IRSN is developing the CALIF3S/ISIS computational fluid dynamics software devoted to fire simulation in large‐scale confined and mechanically ventilated compartments. This paper presents two aspects of the CALIF3S/ISIS code ability to simulate fires. The first one concerns vertical and horizontal spreading of a cable tray fire in open atmosphere using an approach based on the FLASH‐CAT cable fire spread model. Resorting to the suitable parameters of the FLASH‐CAT model based on video fire analyses of tests enables to properly compute the heat release rate of the fire. The second aspect concerns the ability to simulate the evolution and consequences of fires in confined and mechanically ventilated compartments. For these cases, the heat release rate measured during the corresponding experiment is used as input data for the calculations. The predicted evolutions of pressure or gas temperatures are in relatively good accordance with the experiments. The major discrepancy concerns gas concentrations in the fire room which is attributed to a lack of information about the properties of the fuel material.
Ecological, economic, and environmental assessments of integrated pest management in potato: A case study from the Cañete Valley, Peru
Authors: Mujica Norma , Kroschel Jürgen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntegrated pest management (IPM) versus farmers’ pest management practices were evaluated in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the central coast of Peru. IPM technologies consisted of seed treatment, insect pest, and disease scouting using action thresholds for decision making to apply pesticides, and the use of trapping devices and selective insecticides versus chemical control by potato farmers. An ecological, environmental, and economic analysis of both approaches was carried out by using biodiversity indices, environmental impact indicators, and partial budget analysis. The leafminer fly Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) and the bud midge Prodiplosis longifila (Gagne) were the most important pests during the cropping season. Larval infestation of both pests and leafminer foliar damage were less in IPM plots. Almost twice as many pesticide (insecticide and fungicide) applications per season were carried out on farmers’ practices plots with 16.7 sprayings compared to 9.7 sprayings in IPM plots. The total quantity of pesticides used per season was higher under farmers’ practices (4,614.3 g a.i./ha) than in IPM (2,042.6 g a.i./ha) plots. Likewise, farmers applied five times more insecticides (3,620.3 g a.i./ha) than IPM (722.55 g a.i./ha). Methamidophos and chlorpyrifos accounted for 65% of the environmental impact (EI) value of 137/ha in farmers’ fields. IPM strategies reduced the EI to 42.4/ha, which represents a reduction of 69.2%. Further, IPM achieved 35% higher marketable potato yield than farmers’ practices. Partial budget analysis showed a higher net profit in all IPM plots, with an average increase of US$1,410/ha. The field trials demonstrated the environmental and economic viability of IPM for potato in the central coast of Peru. However, while there are effective integrated components for leafminer fly management, there is a clear need to develop and integrate more sustainable and ecological pest management strategies for other economically important pests such as the bud midge.
Seasonal variation in stable isotope compositions of waters from a Himalayan river: Estimation of glacier melt contribution
Authors: Laskar Amzad H. , Bhattacharya Sourendra K. , Rao Damerla K. , Jani Rashmikant A. , Gandhi Naveen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStable isotopic compositions (δ18O and δD) in water samples collected from Parbati River in Himachal Pradesh, India, during 2002–2005 were measured to delineate the contributions from different sources in different seasons. A seasonal cycle with high δ18O and δD values (in ‰) during the spring (March to May; −9.2, −58.6), intermediate values during the winter (December to February; −10.1, −65.6), and low values during the south‐west monsoon (July to September; −10.9, −71.8) is observed. The d‐excess values (15.2 ± 2.1‰) are higher compared with the global meteoric waters indicating significant contribution (~26%) of moisture carried by western disturbances. Higher δ‐values during the spring are ascribed to enhanced contribution from snow melt. The lower δ‐values during the monsoon are due to various Rayleigh effects (altitude, continental, and amount effects) and large‐scale convection effect on rains. A three component‐mixing model using the isotopic data and some plausible end member isotopic values was applied to identify contributions to the river discharge from different sources such as groundwater or subsurface base flow, glacier/surface snow melt, and the monsoon rain. Meltwater from glacier and snow combines with the base flow in spring season. South‐west monsoon rain and glacier melt along with the base flow constitute the monsoon discharge. The post‐monsoon season and winter are dominated by groundwater contribution. About 80% of the discharge is contributed by glacier melts in spring season. In the rainy monsoon season, glacier/snow melt contributes ~41% of the discharge. The mean annual glacier melt contribution to the river water is estimated to be 44 ± 15%. The present estimate along with some previous studies suggest that glacier contribution to the river discharge increased from ~35% to 50% during the period 1990 to 2011. This is consistent with recent data on glacier retreats in the Himalayan region.
Inhibition of NF‐κB improves sensitivity to irradiation and EGFR‐TKIs and decreases irradiation‐induced lung toxicity
Authors: Wang Rong , Peng Shunli , Zhang Xiaojuan , Wu Zhenming , Duan Hezhen , Yuan Yawei , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2018

Resistance to radiotherapy and to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs), as well as therapy‐related lung toxicity, are serious problems in the treatment of lung cancer. NF‐κB has been reported to be associated with radioresistance. Therefore, we evaluated its effects on sensitivity to irradiation and to EGFR‐TKIs; irradiation‐induced lung toxicity; and the effects of irradiation on sensitivity to EGFR‐TKIs. We used IKKβ inhibitor IMD 0354 or p65 depletion to explore their effects on sensitivity to irradiation and to EGFR‐TKIs in vitro and in vivo. We evaluated the efficacy of IMD 0354 in a radiation‐induced pulmonary‐fibrosis mouse model. Irradiation enhanced activation and expression of MET and therefore suppressed the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to irradiation or EGFR‐TKIs. Inhibition of NF‐κB by IMD 0354 or by p65 depletion reversed irradiation‐induced MET activation and increased the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to irradiation, to EGFR‐TKIs and to the combination thereof in vitro and in vivo. In addition, IMD 0354 significantly reduced lung toxicity in a murine model of irradiation‐induced pneumonia and lung fibrosis. These findings indicated that NF‐κB inhibition can improve sensitivity to irradiation and to EGFR‐TKIs and can decrease irradiation‐induced	lung toxicity in lung cancer.
Effects of Irrigation Systems on Physicochemical Properties of Soil at Different Depths: A Case Study at a Farm Near Ziway Lake, Ethiopia
Authors: Teffera Zebene Lakew , Li Jianhua , Astatkie Tessema , Gebru Zinabu Marsie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIrrigation, regardless of its possible negative impacts on the environment, is the prime choice to combat poverty and sustain food security. Changes in soil physicochemical properties and subsequent loss of productivity are the main challenges associated with irrigation practices. This study investigated the effect of furrow and basin irrigation systems on surface and subsurface soil physicochemical properties in comparison with properties in non‐irrigated fields. The soil properties were analysed as repeated measures using appropriate covariance structure. The results showed significant interaction between irrigation and depth on electrical conductivity, pH, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, soluble cations and organic carbon; but only the main effect of irrigation system was significant on K+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42−, soluble anions and sodium adsorption ratio. Both irrigation systems had lower soluble salt content on the surface than at the subsurface layer with basin irrigation having slightly higher, but the non‐irrigated fields showed the opposite. The soil pH was high, particularly in the non‐irrigated fields, which could affect the availability of important soil constituents like Ca, Mg, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, and increase Na hazard and boron (B) toxicity that would impair crop productivity. Therefore, the effects of the irrigation method on the soil properties should be well understood and appropriate precautions should be taken when choosing irrigation methods. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Massive mitochondrial DNA content in diplonemid and kinetoplastid protists
Authors: Lukeš Julius , Wheeler Richard , Jirsová Dagmar , David Vojtěch , Archibald John M. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe mitochondrial DNA of diplonemid and kinetoplastid protists is known for its suite of bizarre features, including the presence of concatenated circular molecules, extensive trans‐splicing and various forms of RNA editing. Here we report on the existence of another remarkable characteristic: hyper‐inflated DNA content. We estimated the total amount of mitochondrial DNA in four kinetoplastid species (Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanoplasma borreli, Cryptobia helicis, and Perkinsela sp.) and the diplonemid Diplonema papillatum. Staining with 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole and RedDot1 followed by color deconvolution and quantification revealed massive inflation in the total amount of DNA in their organelles. This was further confirmed by electron microscopy. The most extreme case is the ∼260 Mbp of DNA in the mitochondrion of Diplonema, which greatly exceeds that in its nucleus; this is, to our knowledge, the largest amount of DNA described in any organelle. Perkinsela sp. has a total mitochondrial DNA content ~6.6× greater than its nuclear genome. This mass of DNA occupies most of the volume of the Perkinsela cell, despite the fact that it contains only six protein‐coding genes. Why so much DNA? We propose that these bloated mitochondrial DNAs accumulated by a ratchet‐like process. Despite their excessive nature, the synthesis and maintenance of these mtDNAs must incur a relatively low cost, considering that diplonemids are one of the most ubiquitous and speciose protist groups in the ocean. © 2018 The Authors. IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology., 70(12):1267–1274, 2018
Autophagy induction plays time‐dependent role in viral load of HCV infected Huh7.5 cell line
Authors: Abdoli Mohsen , Abdoli Asghar , Aryan Ehsan , Meshkat Zahra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAutophagy provides an initial membranous platform for incoming hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA translation and immune evasion. Once HCV replication is established, this infrastructure will be unnecessary for translation of HCV RNA progeny. So, the autophagy plays key role in the replication and immune pathogenesis of HCV virus. The aim of this study was to study the effect of autophagy induction in Huh7.5 cell on virus titer. The Huh7.5 cell was transfected with recombinant pcDNA‐Beclin1. The autophagy induction was evaluated via microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 staining as autophagy formation marker using flow cytometry. The HCV (JFH1) was inoculated 12‐h post‐transfection. Next, to evaluate the viral load, viral RNA was extracted after 24 and 48 h and virus titer was calculated using real‐time PCR. The result of the current study shows that the induction of autophagy before virus infection was able to enhance virus yield from 4 × 103 copies/mL to 1 × 104 copies/mL at 24‐h post‐infection, but reduced viral load after 48 h up to 6 × 103 copies/mL. The study of cross‐talk between autophagy and HCV may bring new hope for human intervention and treatment of HCV. Also, it opens new avenue to improve virus cultivation in cell culture and understanding HCV and host cell responses. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):41–44, 2019
Suppressing inflammation and enhancing osteogenesis using novel CS‐EC@Ca microcapsules
Authors: Li Xiaoman , Han Bing , Wang Xiaoyan , Gao Xuejun , Liang Fuxin , Qu Xiaozhong , Yang Zhenzhong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the suppression of inflammation and enhancement of osteogenesis using chitosan‐coated calcium hydroxide‐loaded microcapsules (CS‐EC@Ca microcapsules) in vivo. Circular defects were created in the mandibular bones of rabbits and filled with Ca(OH)2, Bio‐oss, or CS‐EC@Ca microcapsules, and rabbits without drug implantation served as the controls. Lipopolysaccharides were injected in situ daily in all groups for 7 days. Mandibular bones were investigated at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery using micro‐CT, histological observations, and real‐time PCR analysis. At the postoperation, there was more substantial nascent bone in the microcapsule and Bio‐oss groups than in the control group. The recovery of the rabbits in the Ca(OH)2 group was slower than the control group, as determined using micro‐CT and histological staining. Osteocalcin and collagen type I production was not significantly different between the microcapsule and Bio‐oss groups (p > 0.05), but the expression levels of the two molecules were significantly increased compared to the control and Ca(OH)2 groups at postoperation (p < 0.05). The mRNA transcript levels of inflammatory factors in the microcapsule group had the most reduced expression of IL‐6 and TNF‐α (p < 0.05). The microcapsules significantly reduced inflammation and promoted osteogenesis in this rabbit model of inflammatory bone destruction. Our findings indicate that CS‐EC@Ca microcapsules hold potential for use in apical periodontitis treatment. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3222–3230, 2018.
Development of mechanically compliant 3D composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Anandan Dhivyaa , Mary Stella S. , Arunai Nambiraj N. , Vijayalakshmi U. , Jaiswal Amit Kumar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCancellous bone region of the human native bone has the potential to bear significant mechanical loads. However, due to the following parameters such as low trabecular volume, more porosity, less thickness and more interconnectivity, cancellous bone is accessible to damage in accidents or when aging. This research led to the effective fabrication and engineering of cancellous region of the bone for its application in reconstruction or filling of bone voids after resection of large tumor mass. Scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite (HAp), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) (5% polymer and HAp concentrations) at different HAp: polymer composite ratios (50:50, 70:30 and 80:20), were fabricated by freeze–drying method using only water as solvent and ribose as crosslinker for the scaffolds. The fabricated scaffolds were characterized for its mechanical (compressive) strength, chemical properties using FT‐IR and XRD analyses, swelling and degradation studies, confirmation of mineralization process by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7, 15 and 30 days, morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and biocompatibility properties by performing MTT analysis. From the combined interpretation of the above mentioned tests, it was proven that 80:20 ratio of HAp to polymers was found to be the most suitable scaffold in terms of its optimal properties for its use as bone graft material for trabecular bone. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3267–3274, 2018.
Telomere length analysis in residents of a community exposed to arsenic
Authors: Jimenez Villarreal Joel , Murillo Ortiz Blanca , Martinez Garza Sandra , Rivas Armendáriz Diana Isabel , Boone Villa Víctor Daniel , Carranza Rosales Pilar , Betancourt Martínez Nadia Denys , Delgado Aguirre Héctor , Morán Martínez Javier 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDifferentiated cells telomere length is an indicator of senescence or lifespan; however, in peripheral blood leukocytes the relative shortening of the telomere has been considered as a biological marker of aging, and lengthening telomere as an associated risk to cancer. Individual’s age, type of tissue, lifestyle, and environmental factors make telomere length variable. The presence of environmental carcinogens such as arsenic (As) influence as causal agents of these alterations, the main modes of action for As described are oxidative stress, reduction in DNA repair capacity, overexpression of genes, alteration of telomerase activity, and damage to telomeres. The telomeres of leukocytes resulting a finite capacity of replication due to the low or no activity of the telomerase enzyme, therefore, elongation telomere in this kind of cells is a potential biological marker associated with the development of chronic diseases and carcinogenesis.
Adriamycin inhibits embryonic development in zebrafish through downregulation of Kruppel‐like factor4
Authors: Akthar I. Syeda Thabassum , Pichiah P.B. Tirupathi , Arunachalam Sankarganesh , Raja Sudhakaran 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdriamycin is an effective anticancer drug used in a wide range of cancers. Anticancer drugs modulate oncogenes and nodal regulatory molecules that affect cell differentiation and organismal development. In this study, we explore the effect of adriamycin on Kruppel‐like factor4 (Klf4), an essential pluripotent factor by choosing zebrafish embryos as a model system. Klf4 is involved in the regulation of cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In zebrafish embryogenesis, Klf4 is a major regulator of differentiation of polster in the anterior mesendoderm region of cells into hatching gland cells. The importance of this study is to check the effect of adriamycin on embryonic development. We found, adriamycin dose dependently altered the gene expression level of Klf4 that occurs in parallel to its detrimental effect on hatching. Supportively, cathepsin L and cyclase‐associated protein1 are the other two markers of hatching that are altered along with Klf4.
A multicomponent approach toward understanding emotion regulation in schizophrenia
Authors: Painter Janelle M. , Stellar Jennifer E. , Moran Erin K. , Kring Ann M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesEmotion deficits are well documented in people with schizophrenia. Far less is known about their ability to implement emotion regulation strategies. We sought to explore whether people with schizophrenia can modify their emotion responses similar to controls.MethodsPeople with (n = 25) and without (n = 21) schizophrenia were instructed to amplify positive‐emotion expression, reappraise negative emotion experience, and suppress physiological response. Multiple components of emotion response were measured (experience, expression, and physiology).ResultsAlthough people with schizophrenia showed increased positive expressivity following amplification and decreased negative emotion experience following reappraisal, overall, they expressed less positive emotion and experienced more negative emotion compared with controls. Neither group was effective at physiological suppression.ConclusionsTogether these findings suggest that people with schizophrenia can engage in amplification and reappraisal when explicitly instructed to do so, albeit additional practice may be necessary to modify emotion responses to levels similar to controls.
Muscle‐specific Perilipin2 down‐regulation affects lipid metabolism and induces myofiber hypertrophy
Authors: Conte Maria , Armani Andrea , Conte Giuseppe , Serra Andrea , Franceschi Claudio , Mele Marcello , Sandri Marco , Salvioli Stefano 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPerilipin2 (Plin2) belongs to a family of five highly conserved proteins, known for their role in lipid storage. Recent data indicate that Plin2 has an important function in cell metabolism and is involved in several human pathologies, including liver steatosis and Type II diabetes. An association between Plin2 and lower muscle mass and strength has been found in elderly and inactive people, but its function in skeletal muscle is still unclear. Here, we addressed the role of Plin2 in adult muscle by gain and loss of function experiments.MethodsBy mean of in vivo Plin2 down‐regulation (shPlin2) and overexpression (overPlin2) in murine tibialis anterior muscle, we analysed the effects of Plin2 genetic manipulations on myofiber size and lipid composition. An analysis of skeletal muscle lipid composition was also performed in vastus lateralis samples from young and old patients undergoing hip surgery.ResultsWe found that Plin2 down‐regulation was sufficient to induce a 30% increase of myofiber cross‐sectional area, independently of mTOR pathway. Alterations of lipid content and modulation of genes involved in lipid synthesis occurred in hypertrophic muscles. In particular, we showed a decrease of triglycerides, ceramides, and phosphatidylcoline:phosphatidylethanolamine ratio, a condition known to impact negatively on muscle function. Plin2 overexpression did not change fibre size; however, lipid composition was strongly affected in a way that is similar to that observed in human samples from old patients.ConclusionsAltogether these data indicate that Plin2 is a critical mediator for the control of muscle mass, likely, but maybe not exclusively, through its critical role in the regulation of intracellular lipid content and composition.