bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Priming of microcystin degradation in carbon-amended membrane biofilm communities is promoted by oxygen-limited conditions
Authors: Silva Marisa O D , Pernthaler Jakob 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMicrobial biofilms are an important element of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration systems for decentralized drinking water production. Mature biofilms fed with biomass from the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa efficiently remove the cyanotoxin microcystin (MC). MC degradation can be ‘primed’ by prior addition of biomass from a non-toxic M. aeruginosa strain. Increased proportions of bacteria with an anaerobic metabolism in M. aeruginosa-fed biofilms suggest that this ‘priming’ could be due to higher productivity and the resulting changes in habitat conditions. We, therefore, investigated GDM systems amended with the biomass of toxic (WT) or non-toxic (MUT) M. aeruginosa strains, of diatoms (DT), or with starch solution (ST). After 25 days, these treatments were changed to receiving toxic cyanobacterial biomass. MC degradation established significantly more rapidly in MUT and ST than in DT. Oxygen measurements suggested that this was due to oxygen-limited conditions in MUT and ST already prevailing before addition of MC-containing biomass. Moreover, the microbial communities in the initial ST biofilms featured high proportions of facultative anaerobic taxa, whereas aerobes dominated in DT biofilms. Thus, the ‘priming’ of MC degradation in mature GDM biofilms seems to be related to the prior establishment of oxygen-limited conditions mediated by higher productivity.
Taylor series expansion of prismatic gravitational field
Authors: Fukushima Toshio 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARYThe exact analytical formulae to compute the gravitational field of a rectangular prism suffer from round-off errors when the evaluation point is outside the Brillouin sphere of the prism. The error magnitude grows cubically with respect to the distance from the prism. This phenomenon is eminent in not only the gravitational potential but also the gravity vector and the gravity gradient tensor. Unfortunately, the issue of error increase is not settled efficiently by the rewriting of the formulae using the addition theorems of the transcendental functions. Besides, the computational labour of the formulae is not small since at least 18 transcendental functions are employed for the potential computation each time. In order to solve these problems, we developed up to the 16th order 3-D Taylor series expansion of all the gravitational field quantities for a uniform rectangular prism of arbitrary dimensions. For instance, the eighth order truncation guarantees the eight digit accuracy of the potential computation of a nearly cubic prism at the cost of 11 per cent of that of the fast computation of the exact formula when the distance is more than 2.7 times longer than the Brillouin sphere radius. By using a simple algorithm, we present an adaptive procedure combining the truncated series of various orders and the exact formulae in order to compute precisely and quickly the gravitational field of an assembly of prisms everywhere. Exactly the same approach is applicable to the geomagnetic field computation.
Annotations capturing cell type-specific TF binding explain a large fraction of disease heritability
Authors: van de Geijn Bryce , Finucane Hilary , Gazal Steven , Hormozdiari Farhad , Amariuta Tiffany , Liu Xuanyao , Gusev Alexander , Loh Po-Ru , Reshef Yakir , Kichaev Gleb , Raychauduri Soumya , Price Alkes L 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRegulatory variation plays a major role in complex disease and that cell type-specific binding of transcription factors (TF) is critical to gene regulation. However, assessing the contribution of genetic variation in TF-binding sites to disease heritability is challenging, as binding is often cell type-specific and annotations from directly measured TF binding are not currently available for most cell type-TF pairs. We investigate approaches to annotate TF binding, including directly measured chromatin data and sequence-based predictions. We find that TF-binding annotations constructed by intersecting sequence-based TF-binding predictions with cell type-specific chromatin data explain a large fraction of heritability across a broad set of diseases and corresponding cell types; this strategy of constructing annotations addresses both the limitation that identical sequences may be bound or unbound depending on surrounding chromatin context and the limitation that sequence-based predictions are generally not cell type-specific. We partitioned the heritability of 49 diseases and complex traits using stratified linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression with the baseline-LD model (which is not cell type-specific) plus the new annotations. We determined that 100 bp windows around MotifMap sequenced-based TF-binding predictions intersected with a union of six cell type-specific chromatin marks (imputed using ChromImpute) performed best, with an 58% increase in heritability enrichment compared to the chromatin marks alone (11.6× vs. 7.3×, P = 9 × 10−14 for difference) and a 20% increase in cell type-specific signal conditional on annotations from the baseline-LD model (P = 8 × 10−11 for difference). Our results show that TF-binding annotations explain substantial disease heritability and can help refine genome-wide association signals.
Australia, China and the maritime ‘rules-based international order’: comparing the South China Sea and Timor Sea disputes
Authors: Beeson Mark , Chubb Andrew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Despite systemic internal and external differences, Australia and China have shown striking similarities in their pursuit of disputed maritime resource and jurisdictional claims. This high-stakes area of international politics is governed by a codified, globally accepted international legal regime (the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea), making it an important case for examining the relationship between states’ foreign policies and the ‘rules-based international order’. In the South China Sea, Beijing is haunted by the legacy of its strong geopolitically driven support for an expansive law of the sea regime in the 1970s. Strategic considerations also drove Australia’s belated embrace of international legal processes in the Timor Sea in 2016. Before that, successive Australian governments had been as keen to pursue national maritime interests through bilateral negotiations as their Chinese counterparts. Australia’s shift was enabled by pro-Timor domestic public opinion and a confluence of geographic and commercial circumstances not present in the South China Sea.
miR-146a promoted breast cancer proliferation and invasion by regulating NM23-H1
Authors: Chen Jun , Jiang Qiang , Jiang Xue-Qin , Li De-Quan , Jiang Xiao-Cheng , Wu Xiao-Bo , Cao Ya-Li 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of miR-146a in proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer and its possible mechanism via NM23-H1. The expression levels of miR-146a in breast cancer with different pathological classification were significantly increased, while the expression levels of NM23-H1 were significantly decreased, which were closely correlated. Double luciferase reporter gene was used to verify the target regulatory relationship between miR-146 and NM23-H1 on a human breast cancer cell line. miR-146a was closely related to the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer. miR-146a also promoted the growth of breast cancer in vivo via targeting NM23-H1. In conclusion, miR-146 can promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer by targeting NM23-H1.
Nonmuscle myosin IIA and IIB differently suppress microtubule growth to stabilize cell morphology
Authors: Sato Yuta , Kamijo Keiju , Tsutsumi Motosuke , Murakami Yota , Takahashi Masayuki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Precise regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics is important in many fundamental cellular processes such as cell shape determination. Actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeletons mutually regulate their stability and dynamics. Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) is a candidate protein that mediates the actin–MT crosstalk. NMII regulates the stability and dynamics of actin filaments to control cell morphology. Additionally, previous reports suggest that NMII-dependent cellular contractility regulates MT dynamics, and MTs also control cell morphology; however, the detailed mechanism whereby NMII regulates MT dynamics and the relationship among actin dynamics, MT dynamics and cell morphology remain unclear. The present study explores the roles of two well-characterized NMII isoforms, NMIIA and NMIIB, on the regulation of MT growth dynamics and cell morphology. We performed RNAi and drug experiments and demonstrated the NMII isoform-specific mechanisms—NMIIA-dependent cellular contractility upregulates the expression of some mammalian diaphanous-related formin (mDia) proteins that suppress MT dynamics; NMIIB-dependent inhibition of actin depolymerization suppresses MT growth independently of cellular contractility. The depletion of either NMIIA or NMIIB resulted in the increase in cellular morphological dynamicity, which was alleviated by the perturbation of MT dynamics. Thus, the NMII-dependent control of cell morphology significantly relies on MT dynamics.
Redox regulation of tyrosine kinase signalling: more than meets the eye
Authors: Dustin Christopher M , Heppner David E , Lin Miao-Chong J , van der Vliet Albert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProtein kinases are essential mediators of cellular signal transduction and are often dysregulated in disease. Among these, protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) have received specific interest due to their common roles in various diseases including cancer, and emerging observations indicating that PTK signalling pathways are susceptible to regulation by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are also frequently implicated in disease pathology. While it is well recognized that ROS can impact on tyrosine kinase signalling by inhibiting tyrosine phosphatases, more recent studies highlight additional modes of redox-based regulation of tyrosine kinase signalling by direct redox modification of non-catalytic cysteines within tyrosine kinases or other protein components of this signalling pathway. In this review, we will present recent advancements with respect to redox-based mechanisms in regulating PTK signalling, with a specific focus on recent studies demonstrating direct redox regulation of Src-family kinases and epidermal growth factor receptor kinases. Importantly, redox-based modulation of tyrosine kinases may be relevant for many other kinases and has implications for current approaches to develop pharmacological inhibitors for these proteins.
A new genus for Sesarma (Holometopus) tangi Rathbun, 1931 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae) from mangrove forests, with notes on its ecology and conservation
Authors: Ng Peter K L , Shih Hsi-Te , Cannicci Stefano 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The poorly known sesarmid crab Sesarma (Holometopus) tangi Rathbun, 1931 was described from one male from Fujian, China, and was transferred to Neosarmatium Serène & Soh, 1970 by Schubart & Ng (2002). The collection of a good series of fresh specimens from near the type locality and Hong Kong allows us to reappraise its taxonomy. The new material shows that Sesarma tangi should be referred to its own genus, differing markedly from congeners in the detailed structure of its male and female chelae as well as in the form of the male first gonopods. This conclusion is strongly supported by genetic data.
Are We Moving Towards Convergence or Divergence? Mapping the Intellectual Structure and Roots of Online Social Network Research 1997–2017
Authors: Fu Jiawei Sophia , Lai Chih-Hui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOnline social networks (OSNs), comprised of varying types of relations among actors that interact through social technologies, are widespread in today’s media environment. However, questions remain whether we are moving towards convergence within the sub-disciplines of communication and with other disciplines in OSN research. This article pursues two interrelated goals. First, it performs a bibliometric analysis of existing scholarship on OSNs in the past 20 years, highlighting both the convergence and divergence of inquiry on OSNs in computer-mediated communication (CMC) research. Second, based on the results of the bibliometric analysis, it articulates an agenda for future CMC research. Specifically, we advocate for a social network approach that will bridge various theoretical frameworks and disciplinary/sub-disciplinary boundaries, for employing the communication network taxonomy, for greater effort to integrate traditional and computational approaches within and beyond social network analysis, and for addressing a greater diversity of institutional contexts.
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients Following the Release of a Choosing Wisely Recommendation
Authors: Torres Mylin A , Gogineni Keerthi , Howard David H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 2013, the American Society for Radiation Oncology recommended against the routine use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in breast cancer patients. We evaluated trends in the use of IMRT before and after the release of the recommendation. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare data, we identified 13 457 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2015 who received breast-conserving surgery and postsurgery, whole-breast, IMRT, or three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. We find that the use of IMRT decreased by 4.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.6 to 5.6; two-sided P &lt; .001) percentage points in hospital-based clinics. In freestanding radiotherapy clinics, which had baseline rates of IMRT use that were more than 20 percentage points higher than in hospital-based clinics, use of IMRT declined by 6.1 (95% CI = 3.5 to 8.7; two-sided P &lt; .001) percentage points. Use of IMRT declined following the release of the recommendation, but a large share of patients treated in freestanding clinics continue to receive IMRT.
Predicting Persistent Opioid Use, Abuse, and Toxicity Among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Vitzthum Lucas K , Riviere Paul , Sheridan Paige , Nalawade Vinit , Deka Rishi , Furnish Timothy , Mell Loren K , Rose Brent , Wallace Mark , Murphy James D 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough opioids play a critical role in the management of cancer pain, the ongoing opioid epidemic has raised concerns regarding their persistent use and abuse. We lack data-driven tools in oncology to understand the risk of adverse opioid-related outcomes. This project seeks to identify clinical risk factors and create a risk score to help identify patients at risk of persistent opioid use and abuse.MethodsWithin a cohort of 106 732 military veteran cancer survivors diagnosed between 2000 and 2015, we determined rates of persistent posttreatment opioid use, diagnoses of opioid abuse or dependence, and admissions for opioid toxicity. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify patient, cancer, and treatment risk factors associated with adverse opioid-related outcomes. Predictive risk models were developed and validated using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression technique.ResultsThe rate of persistent opioid use in cancer survivors was 8.3% (95% CI = 8.1% to 8.4%); the rate of opioid abuse or dependence was 2.9% (95% CI = 2.8% to 3.0%); and the rate of opioid-related admissions was 2.1% (95% CI = 2.0% to 2.2%). On multivariable analysis, several patient, demographic, and cancer and treatment factors were associated with risk of persistent opioid use. Predictive models showed a high level of discrimination when identifying individuals at risk of adverse opioid-related outcomes including persistent opioid use (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.85), future diagnoses of opioid abuse or dependence (AUC = 0.87), and admission for opioid abuse or toxicity (AUC = 0.78).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential to predict adverse opioid-related outcomes among cancer survivors. With further validation, personalized risk-stratification approaches could guide management when prescribing opioids in cancer patients.
Weighing Lives in War: How National Identity Influences American Public Opinion about Foreign Civilian and Compatriot Fatalities
Authors: Sagan Scott D , Valentino Benjamin A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article explores how the American public weighs tradeoffs between foreign and compatriot fatalities during war. This focus provides an important window into the meaning and significance of citizenship and national identity and, in turn, the most fateful consequences of inclusion and exclusion in the international context. To examine these attitudes, we conducted an original survey experiment asking subjects to consider a fictional US military operation in Afghanistan. We find that: (1) Americans are significantly more willing to accept the collateral deaths of foreign civilians as compared to American civilians in operations aiming to destroy important military targets; (2) Americans are less willing to risk the lives of American soldiers to minimize collateral harm to foreign civilians as compared to American civilians; (3) Americans who express relatively more favorable views of the United States compared to other nations are more willing to accept foreign collateral deaths in US military operations; and (4) Americans are more willing to accept Afghan civilian collateral deaths than those of citizens from a neutral state, such as India. Many Americans recognize that placing a much higher value on compatriot lives over foreign lives is morally problematic, but choose to do so anyway.
Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes: Development and Psychometrics of the Type 1 Diabetes and Life (T1DAL) Measures
Authors: Hilliard Marisa E , Minard Charles G , Marrero David G , de Wit Maartje , Thompson Debbe , DuBose Stephanie N , Verdejo Alandra , Monzavi Roshanak , Wadwa R Paul , Jaser Sarah S , Anderson Barbara J 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate new measures of diabetes-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) that are brief, developmentally appropriate, and usable in clinical research and care. Here we report on the phases of developing and validating the self-report Type 1 Diabetes and Life (T1DAL) measures for children (age 8–11) and adolescents (age 12–17).MethodsMeasure development included qualitative interviews with youth and parents (n = 16 dyads) followed by piloting draft measures and conducting cognitive debriefing with youth (n = 9) to refine the measures. To evaluate the psychometric properties, children (n = 194) and adolescents (n = 257) at three T1D Exchange Clinic Network sites completed the age-appropriate T1DAL measure and previously validated questionnaires measuring related constructs. Using psychometric data, the investigators reduced the length of each T1DAL measure to 21 and 23 items, respectively, and conducted a final round of cognitive debriefing with six children and adolescents.ResultsThe T1DAL measures for children and adolescents demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.84 and 0.89, respectively) and test–retest reliability (r = 0.78 and 0.80, respectively). Significant correlations between the T1DAL scores and measures of general quality of life, generic and diabetes-specific HRQOL, diabetes burden, and diabetes strengths demonstrated construct validity. Correlations with measures of self-management (child and adolescent) and glycemic control (adolescent only) demonstrated criterion validity. Factor analyses indicated four developmentally specific subscales per measure. Participants reported satisfaction with the measures.ConclusionsThe new T1DAL measures for children and adolescents with T1D are reliable, valid, and suitable for use in care settings and clinical research.
Special Considerations in the Systematic Psychosocial Screening of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Barry-Menkhaus Samantha A , Stoner Alison M , MacGregor Kristin L , Soyka Leslie A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
The American Diabetes Association recommends psychosocial screening for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The purpose of this study is to present (a) several high priority decisions that program developers may encounter when building a new psychosocial screening program and (b) both the screening development process and results of one mental health screening program within a multidisciplinary pediatric diabetes clinic, with particular emphasis on parent-youth screening agreement and changes to elevation status over time.

Methods
Youth with T1D ages 12–17 and parents of youth with T1D ages 8–17 were administered mental health screeners as a part of outpatient diabetes visits over a 1-year period. Youth depression and anxiety were screened using self- and parent proxy-report versions of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).

Results
Youth (n = 154) and parents (n = 211) completed mental health screening measures, such that 228 youth were screened. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between youth- and parent proxy-report agreement were good for the measures of depression (ICC = .787) and anxiety (ICC = .781), with parent proxy-reports significantly higher than youth self-reports of anxiety (p &lt; .01). Of the 93 youth with follow-up screening data and no youth- or parent proxy-reported elevation on the initial screener, 16.1% had at least one elevated screener within 1 year.

Conclusions
Findings indicate that questions of who to screen and how often to screen may deserve increased scrutiny, as this screening program’s data suggest that there may be benefit to obtaining both youth- and parent report more often than annually.
The Insurrection of the Middle Class: Social Mobilization and Counterrevolution during the Popular Unity Government, Chile, 1970–1973
Authors: Casals Marcelo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article studies the political trajectory of the Chilean middle class under the Popular Unity government (1970–1973) through its representative social organizations, especially small merchant, trucker owner, and professional associations. In the context of increased political polarization, the middle class—after a brief “honeymoon” with the government—radicalized for counterrevolution. Along with political, media, and business opposition, these middle-class groups formed a powerful counterrevolutionary social bloc that challenged the Popular Unity through massive strikes and protests, including a major one in October 1972. I argue that this process was a result of the breakdown of the channels of participation and negotiation that had existed between these groups and the state since the 1930s. These channels broke down with the Left’s implementation of a revolutionary, socialist project, which led both to the state’s unprecedented attention to the working class and to a major economic crisis. At the same time, the very idea of the middle class was redefined in counterrevolutionary terms. While the internal contradiction of the Left prevented it from engaging with the middle class, the opposition succeeded in defining that social identity as inherently anti-Marxist. Consequently, the organizations studied here assumed a leading role in the increasingly insurrectional opposition to the Popular Unity, which culminated in enthusiastic middle-class support for the September 11, 1973, coup d’état.