bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study of Australian veterinarians and their perceptions and experiences related to online pet health information
Authors: Kogan LR , Oxley JA , Hazel SJ 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveInvestigate Australian veterinarians’ perceptions of clients’ use of the internet to find pet health information.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was distributed using social media, e‐newsletters and veterinary magazines.ResultsA total of 85 complete responses were obtained from Australian veterinarians. Most (80%) reported believing that > 80% of their clients have access to the internet at home or work, but 68% thought that the majority of their clients do not understand what they read online. Attitudes regarding the impact of online pet health information on the veterinarian–client relationship were mixed (56% reported negative impact and 33% a positive impact), as well as for clients’ use of the internet for information on companion animal health (47% reported negative impact and 38% a positive impact). When asked how often they suggest specific websites to their clients (‘information prescriptions’), the majority of veterinarians reported that this is done infrequently.ConclusionThis pilot study highlighted the perception of Australian veterinarians of their clients’ use of the internet to find pet health information. It also highlighted the need for a large‐scale, detailed survey of Australian veterinarians and their views in relation to pet owners and their use of online information. This should include evaluation of information prescriptions and their potential benefits for clients and patients.
Relationship between allograft cyclosporin concentrations and P‐glycoprotein expression in the 1st month following renal transplantation
Authors: Sallustio Benedetta C. , Noll Benjamin D. , Coller Janet K. , Tuke Jonathan , Russ Graeme , Somogyi Andrew A. 
Published: January 2019

The immunosuppressant cyclosporin is a P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrate whose impaired function has been associated with an increased risk of cyclosporin‐induced nephrotoxicity following renal transplantation. This study investigated the relationship between blood and allograft cyclosporin concentration, and the effect of P‐gp expression. Fifty biopsy samples were obtained from 39 renal transplant recipients who received cyclosporin as part of maintenance immunosuppression. Blood cyclosporin concentrations (2 hours postdose) were obtained from clinical records, matching allograft cyclosporin concentrations were measured in frozen biopsy tissue by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and allograft P‐gp expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Blood and allograft cyclosporin concentrations in the 1st month post‐transplantation ranged from 505–2005 μg/L and 0.01–16.7 ng/mg tissue, respectively. Dose was the only significant predictor of allograft cyclosporin concentrations (adjusted R2 = .24, F‐statistic = 11.52, P = .0019), with no effect of P‐gp expression or blood cyclosporin concentrations. P‐gp expression is not the major determinant of allograft cyclosporin concentrations.
An analysis of digital competence as expressed in design patterns for technology use in teaching
Authors: Rolf Elisabeth , Knutsson Ola , Ramberg Robert 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTeachers cannot presume that their learners have the competence to use the technology brought to the classroom. Therefore, the learners’ abilities to use technology may be a concern for teachers. This paper reports on digital competence through an analysis of designs for learning in design patterns, written by upper secondary teachers. Learning activities found in the design patterns were analysed with the aim to understand how teachers perceive the learners’ digital competence when using technology. A framework that compromises digital competence was utilised for inferring the digital competencies. The qualitative analysis of these learning activities reveals that competences of information and data literacy, and of communication and collaboration predominate. By analysing the characteristics of learning activities and hence the teachers’ ideas of technology use in teaching, it is concluded that design patterns can be used to identify the competences teachers believe are relevant for the learners to acquire. The result therefore involves aspects of how teachers perceive learners’ digital competence when using technology in teaching.
Advanced care planning 5 years on: An observational study of multi‐centred service development for children with life‐limiting conditions
Authors: Martin Alice E. , Beringer Antonia J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to compare how planning has developed over the 5 years across a range of children's health care services in a single U.K. city.BackgroundAdvanced planning for end of life care (EOLC) is an essential component of care for children with life‐limiting and life‐threatening (LLLT) conditions. We report the findings of a follow‐up study (R2) completed 5 years after the initial review (R1). Documented advanced care planning (ACP) was measured against published children's palliative care standards.MethodWe used a manual retrospective review of health care records, using focused data collection. Inclusion criteria were children who died before the age of 18 years, as a consequence of an LLLT condition, over an 18‐month period and had lived locally to a regional children's hospital.ResultsThe first review (R1) included 48 patients with 114 health care records: median age at death 0 years (range 0 to 18 years). The follow‐up review (R2) included 47 patients, with 80 health care records: median age at death 2 years (range 0 to 17 years). The proportion of records containing evidence of a prognostic discussion had risen from 73% (R1) to 91% (R2), p < 0.005. The proportion of health care records with ACP was consistent between R1 and R2 (75% and 72%, respectively). An ACP tool was found to be in regular use in R2 compared with no examples in R1. The acute hospital trust plans were more detailed in R2 than R1. The proportion of cases where preferred location of death matched actual location was stable, around half.ConclusionsEOLC conversations increased over the 5 years studied. In the acute hospital trust, there is evidence of a better quality ACP although quantity is stable: enabled by the implementation of an ACP tool and education programme. Challenges remain in engaging children and young people in advanced planning.
An Australian perspective on rewilding
Authors: Sweeney Oisín F. , Turnbull John , Jones Menna , Letnic Mike , Newsome Thomas M. , Sharp Andy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRewilding is increasingly recognized as a conservation tool but is often context specific, which inhibits broad application. Rewilding in Australia seeks to enhance ecosystem function and promote self‐sustaining ecosystems. An absence of large‐bodied native herbivores means trophic rewilding in mainland Australia has focused on the restoration of functions provided by apex predators and small mammals. Because of the pervasive influence of introduced mesopredators, predator‐proof fences, and establishment of populations on predator‐free islands are common rewilding approaches. This sets Australian rewilding apart from most jurisdictions and provides globally relevant insights but presents challenges to restoring function to broader landscapes. Passive rewilding is of limited utility in arid zones. Although increasing habitat extent and quality in mesic coastal areas may work, it will likely be necessary to undertake active management. Because much of Australia's population is in urban areas, rewilding efforts must include urban areas to maximize effectiveness. Thus rewilding is not synonymous with wilderness and can occur over multiple scales. Rewilding efforts must recognize human effects on other species and benefit both nature and humans. Rewilding in Australia requires development of a shared vision and strategy and proof‐of‐concept projects to demonstrate the benefits. The repackaging of existing conservation activities as rewilding may confuse and undermine the success of rewilding programs and should be avoided. As elsewhere, rewilding in Australia should be viewed as an important conservation tool.
Transforming ecology and conservation biology through genome editing
Authors: Phelps Michael P. , Seeb Lisa W. , Seeb James E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs the conservation challenges increase, new approaches are needed to help combat losses in biodiversity and slow or reverse the decline of threatened species. Genome‐editing technology is changing the face of modern biology, facilitating applications that were unimaginable only a decade ago. The technology has the potential to make significant contributions to the fields of evolutionary biology, ecology, and conservation, yet the fear of unintended consequences from designer ecosystems containing engineered organisms has stifled innovation. To overcome this gap in the understanding of what genome editing is and what its capabilities are, more research is needed to translate genome‐editing discoveries into tools for ecological research. Emerging and future genome‐editing technologies include new clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) targeted sequencing and nucleic acid detection approaches as well as species genetic barcoding and somatic genome‐editing technologies. These genome‐editing tools have the potential to transform the environmental sciences by providing new noninvasive methods for monitoring threatened species or for enhancing critical adaptive traits. A pioneering effort by the conservation community is required to apply these technologies to real‐world conservation problems.
Mirror movements in children with unilateral cerebral palsy due to perinatal stroke: clinical correlates of plasticity reorganization
Authors: Riddell Madison , Kuo Hsing‐Ching , Zewdie Ephrem , Kirton Adam 
Published: January 2019

AimWe aimed to determine if the mirror movements that often result in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) after perinatal stroke represent a clinical biomarker of developmental plasticity.MethodThis was a prospective, controlled cohort study. Mirror movements in children with unilateral CP from a population‐based cohort were compared to those of typically developing controls. The population with stroke was assessed further via electromyography (EMG), motor function, and corticospinal organization investigations. Mirror movements were quantified (0–5) bidirectionally. EMG mirror movements were quantified during voluntary contraction. Motor function was quantified by validated measures including the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA). Corticospinal organization was categorized as ipsilateral or contralateral using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The relationships between mirror movements, function, and corticospinal organization were assessed (t‐tests, Pearson rank correlation coefficients).ResultsNinety‐two participants were scored (55 males, 37 females, mean [SD] 12y [5y 6mo], range 4–17y), 63 with complete motor outcomes and 39 with TMS data. EMG ratios correlated with clinical mirror movements (r=0.562, p=0.008). Mild mirror activity in controls declined with age (r=−0.459, p<0.001). Mirroring was stronger with tasks performed by the affected hand (p<0.001). Mirror movements correlated with AHA scores (r=−0.255, p=0.04) and poor motor outcome (p<0.001). Unaffected hand mirror activity was higher in children with ipsilateral corticospinal tract arrangements (p<0.001).InterpretationClinical mirror movements correlate with disability and corticospinal organization in children with unilateral CP with perinatal stroke. This simple bedside biomarker could facilitate patient selection for personalized rehabilitation.What this paper adds

Mirror movements are a clinical indicator of corticospinal organization in children with unilateral cerebral palsy with perinatal stroke.

Mirroring is strongest in children with ipsilateral corticospinal tract reorganization.

The concept of a ‘directionality factor’ to mirror movements highlights additional, clinically relevant functional correlations.
Domestic gardens play a dominant role in selecting alien species with adaptive strategies that facilitate naturalization
Authors: Guo Wen‐Yong , van Kleunen Mark , Pierce Simon , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , Kreft Holger , Maurel Noëlie , Pergl Jan , Seebens Hanno , Weigelt Patrick , Pyšek Petr 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimHorticulture has been recognized as the main pathway of plant invasions worldwide. The selection of ornamental garden plants is not random, and certain plant characteristics related to adaptive plant strategies are preferred by horticulture and may promote invasion. We examined the direct and indirect interactions between horticultural use, species adaptive strategies (competitive (C), stress‐tolerant (S), and ruderal (R)), native range size and naturalization success.LocationGlobal.Time periodFrom 1492 to the present.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsWe compiled a dataset of 3,794 plant species including their C‐, S‐ and R‐scores, native range size, cultivation in botanic and domestic gardens and whether the species is naturalized in at least one region globally (naturalization incidence). For the 1,711 naturalized species, we also calculated naturalization extent, that is, the number of regions where the species has naturalized. We used phylogenetic path analysis to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of all variables on both naturalization incidence and extent, and the relationships between variables.ResultsApproximately 87 and 94% of the 1,711 naturalized species were cultivated in botanic or domestic gardens, respectively, compared toc. 55 and 50% of the 2,083 non‐naturalized species, respectively. We found a cascading structure among the examined variables: (a) species exhibiting C‐ or R‐selected strategies and having large native ranges tended to be cultivated in domestic and botanic gardens, became naturalized outside their native ranges and occupied more regions in their naturalized ranges; (b) C‐, S‐ and R‐scores also had indirect effects on naturalization success, which were mediated by horticultural use and native range size; and (c) cultivation in domestic gardens was the strongest factor examined that could explain plant species’ naturalization success.Main conclusionsWe show that horticulture is not only the major introduction pathway of alien plants, but also that in particular domestic gardens select species predisposed to invade and naturalize.
Parent’s report on oral health‐related quality of life of children with haemophilia
Authors: Yazicioglu Iffet , Deveci Ceren , Çiftçi Volkan , Antmen Bülent , Doğan Muharrem C. 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionAmong children with haemophilia and their caregivers; problems arising from the teeth and the surrounding tissues have an important role in the treatment of this disease and it affects the quality of life of children and their parents.AimAim of this study is to evaluate the oral health‐related quality of life of children with haemophilia from the perspective of their parents.MethodsPaediatric oral health‐related quality of life (POQL) instrument was used in this cross‐sectional study for quality of life measurement. The research data collected by the questionnaire form were coded for scale items and personal information questions and transferred to SPSS, a multivariate statistical analysis program for social sciences. SPSS 23.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) package program was used for statistical analysis of the data.ResultsPrimary dentition dmft scores of patients with haemophilia are higher than the control group; mean value of haemophilic group is 3.5 vs control group are 2.6, respectively (P = 0.034). In spite of higher dmft scores, the haemophilia and control groups have shown no significant difference in oral health‐related quality of life scores; median scores were 63.9 in haemophilic group and 85.3 in control group (P = 0.336), respectively.ConclusionIn spite of lower oral health measures, children with haemophilia and their parents reported no difference in oral health‐related quality of life from their healthy counterparts.
Relapse pattern and long‐term outcomes in subjects with acquired haemophilia A
Authors: Mizrahi Terry , Doyon Karine , Dubé Evemie , Bonnefoy Arnaud , Warner Margaret , Cloutier Stéphanie , Demers Christine , Castilloux Jean‐François , Rivard Georges‐Etienne , St‐Louis Jean 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionAcquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune bleeding disorder caused by neutralizing antibodies against factor VIII (FVIII). Despite significant initial morbidity and mortality, most patients achieve remission with immunosuppressive therapy.AimLong‐term follow‐up data from the Quebec Reference Centre for Inhibitors (QRCI) were analysed to identify factors predictive of AHA relapse and the influence of relapse on survival.MethodsCriteria used to define AHA were levels of FVIII <0.3 IU/mL and FVIII inhibitor titres ≥0.6 Bethesda Units (BU). Complete remission was defined as FVIII >0.5 IU/mL and/or FVIII inhibitor titres <0.6 BU while not on immunosuppression.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2012, 111 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were followed for a median of 25.6 months. Ninety per cent of them reached remission on immunosuppression in a median time of 45 days. Fourteen patients presented one or more relapses in a median time of 13.4 months. Most relapse episodes were successfully treated. Associated lymphoproliferative syndromes (LPS) were predictive of relapse, whereas FVIII activity and inhibitor titres at initial diagnosis or immunosuppressive regimens were not. The overall survival (OS) was the same, with or without relapse.ConclusionAmong the recognized potential risk factors for relapse, only LPS was statistically significant. The long‐term follow‐up of our patients also showed that late or multiple relapses may occur, but that relapse is not associated with a worse OS. Thus, long‐term follow‐up is important for optimal management of AHA.
Eosinophilic infiltration: an under‐reported histological finding in urticarial vasculitis
Authors: Kamyab Kambiz , Ghodsi Seyedeh Zahra , Ghanadan Alireza , Taghizadeh Jafar , Karimi Shiva , Nasimi Maryam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundUrticarial vasculitis (UV) is a clinicopathologic entity in which skin lesions resemble urticaria clinically but last more than 24 hours and resolve with residual purpura. In this study, we evaluated distinguishing histological features of UV from common urticaria to differentiate between these two entities.MethodsDuring 1 year, 55 urticaria and 245 UV samples were assessed. The selection criteria for UV included: (1) samples that the histological diagnosis was confirmed by two independent dermatopathologists, (2) the histological diagnosis of UV was inconsistent with the first clinical impression and lesion characteristics.ResultsOf our 245 UV patients, 96% had endothelial swelling, 18% had red blood cell (RBC) extravasation, neutrophilic infiltration was seen in 46.7%, and perivascular, interstitial, and perineural eosinophilic infiltration in 198 (81.8%), 181 (74.2%), and 118 (48.1%), respectively. Among different histological findings, endothelial cell swelling as well as neutrophil around vessels and eosinophilic infiltrations were statistically different between two groups (P‐value ˂ 0.001). Both urticaria and UV samples showed a predominantly lymphocytic infiltration more than 10 cells per high power field (HPF) (98.2% of urticaria, 98.8% of UV), and only two patients (0.8%) with UV had predominant neutrophilic infiltration (more than 10 cells/HPF).ConclusionWe have found that both urticaria and UV showed a predominantly lymphocytic infiltration along with RBC extravasation, endothelial cell swelling, and fibrin deposition in UV. Moreover, significant perineural, perivascular, and interstitial infiltration of eosinophil in UV lesions compared to urticaria was another point that indicates special contribution of these cells in UV pathogenesis.
Patterns of immunotherapy use and management of toxicities in regional and tertiary settings
Authors: Hamilton Brett , Xu Kay , Honeyball Florian , Balakrishnar Bavanthi , Zielinski Rob 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe introduction of the cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) immune checkpoint inhibitors and their subsequent listing on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for use in metastatic melanomas, renal cell carcinomas and non‐small‐cell lung cancers has resulted in routine use of these agents in oncology practices, including in regional areas. Although immunotherapeutic agents generally have a favourable toxicity profile compared to chemotherapy, they can provoke immune‐related adverse effects (irAE) caused by an unregulated and hyperstimulated immune response. Some of these effects can be serious and life‐threatening.AimsTo compare the utilisation of immunotherapy and the rates, management and outcomes of irAE between a regional oncology service and a tertiary service.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records for all patients treated with immunotherapy in the participating services for the 5‐year period from 31 July 2012 to 31 July 2017.ResultsData demonstrated that rates of immunotherapy use are both similar and increasing across the tertiary and regional services. The rates, types and severity of irAE are equivalent and in concordance with pre‐existing literature. Immune‐related adverse events appear to be identified and treated earlier in the regional service with the corresponding reduction in the duration of immunosuppression and requirement for inpatient management.ConclusionThe use of immunotherapy in a regional setting is safe and equivalent to that of a tertiary centre.
Predictors of acute hospital mortality and length of stay in patients with new‐onset atrial fibrillation: a first‐hand experience from a medical emergency team response provider
Authors: Thein Paul M. , Ong Julia , Crozier Tim M. , Nasis Arthur , Mirzaee Sam , Tan Sean X. , Junckerstorff Ralph 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) occurs frequently following cardiothoracic surgery and treatment decisions are informed by evidence‐based clinical guidelines. Outside this setting there are few data to guide clinical management.AimTo describe the characteristics, management and outcomes of hospitalised adult patients with new‐onset AF.MethodsThe medical emergency team (MET) database was utilised to identify patients who had a ‘MET call’ activated for tachycardia between 2015 and 2016. Patients with sinus tachycardia, pre‐existing AF/atrial flutter or other known tachyarrhythmia were excluded. Primary outcomes were length of hospital stay and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsNew‐onset AF was identified in 137 patients: 68 medically managed; 38 non‐cardiothoracic post‐operative; and 31 cardiothoracic post‐operative. Mean age was 74 ± 11.6 years and 72 (53%) were male. Of 79 patients who underwent echocardiography, 80% had left atrial dilatation and 14% had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Mean length of stay (LOS) was 12 days and in‐hospital mortality rate was 11%. On multivariable analysis, the odds of death during acute hospitalisation was 7.4 times higher in patients with heart failure with reduced LVEF (odds ratio 7.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–44.8, P = 0.028). Length of acute hospital stay increased by 36% if the duration of AF was longer than 48 h (beta coefficient 0.36, 95% CI −0.015 to 0.74, P = 0.059).ConclusionLeft ventricular systolic dysfunction in hospitalised patients with new‐onset AF is associated with increased all‐cause mortality whereas lower serum potassium levels are associated with an increased LOS. A prospective study is planned to compare outcomes based on in‐hospital treatment strategies.