bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal mass-balance variability of Jostedalsbreen Ice Cap, Norway, revealed by a temperature-index model using Bayesian inference
Authors: Sjursen Kamilla Hauknes , Dunse Thorben , Schuler Thomas Vikhamar , Andreassen Liss Marie , Åkesson Henning 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Jostedalsbreen in western Norway is the mainland Europe's largest ice cap and a complex system of more than 80 glaciers. While observational records indicate a significant sensitivity to climate fluctuations, knowledge about ice-cap wide spatiotemporal mass changes and their drivers remain sparse. Here, we quantify the surface mass balance (SMB) of Jostedalsbreen from 1960 to 2020 using a temperature-index model within a Bayesian framework. We assimilate seasonal glaciological SMB to constrain accumulation and ablation, and geodetic mass balance to adjust model parameters for each glacier individually. Overall, we find that Jostedalsbreen has experienced a small mass loss of −0.07 m w.e. a−1 (−0.21 to +0.08 m w.e. a−1), but with substantial spatiotemporal variability. Our results suggest that winter SMB variations were the main control on annual SMB between 1960 and 2000, while increasingly negative summer SMB is responsible for substantial mass losses after 2000. Spatial variations in SMB between glaciers or regions of the ice cap are likely associated with local topography and its effect on orographic precipitation. We advocate for models to leverage the growing availability of observational resources to improve SMB predictions. We demonstrate an approach that incorporates complementary datasets, while addressing their inherent uncertainties, to constrain models and provide robust estimates of spatiotemporal SMB and associated uncertainties.
Open discussion at the IGS symposium on ‘The edges of glaciology’, 7 July 2023
Authors: Fowler Andrew C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There follows the open discussion which took place at the IGS symposium on ‘The Edges of Glaciology’, in July 2023. The discussion was curated by Doug Benn. The time of speaking in minutes and seconds into the Panopto recording is given in bold figures. The recording itself is provided as electronic supplementary material. It has been transcribed and edited by Andrew Fowler, with much (and much-needed) assistance from the participants. Footnotes (mostly references) are editorial intrusions.
Which is the safer option for adult patients between peripherally inserted central catheters and midline catheters: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wen Jianyun , Xiong Shuping , Tu Ziwei , Lin Ping , Yuan Yeqin , Fu Wenhong , Qiu Juan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground:Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) and midline catheters (MC) are widely used for intravenous infusions in oncology and critically ill patients. However, controversy remains regarding which method is superior. This meta-analysis systematically compares the safety differences between these 2 methods of intravenous catheterization.Methods:Eligible studies comparing PICC and MC were identified through searches in 6 databases. Thrombosis is the primary endpoint, while secondary endpoints include other complications, cost, and satisfaction rate.Results:Fourteen studies with 20,675 patients were analyzed. Based on patient data, the MC group exhibited higher rates of catheter-related superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) (risk ratio [RR]: 0.42 [0.28, 0.64]), infiltrations (RR: 0.27 [0.12, 0.62]), and leaks (RR: 0.16 [0.05, 0.53]). In contrast, the PICC group had more catheter-related bloodstream infections (RR: 1.95 [1.15, 3.32]). Considering catheter days, the MC group showed increased total complications (RR: 0.51 [0.26, 0.99]), catheter-related thrombosis (deep vein thrombosis [DVT]+SVT) (RR: 0.41 [0.18, 0.95]), and leaks (RR: 0.17 [0.05, 0.64]). In the PICC group, the top 3 complications were catheter occlusions (20 per 1,000 catheter days [CDs]), pain (15 per 1,000 CDs), and phlebitis (11 per 1,000 CDs); for the MC group, they were leaks (33 per 1,000 CDs), premature removals (22 per 1,000 CDs), and catheter-related DVT (22 per 1,000 CDs). Additionally, the PICC group had higher dissatisfaction rates (RR: 4.77 [2.33, 9.77]) and increased costs.Conclusions:Compared to MC, PICC appears to be a safer intravenous catheterization option for adult patients, exhibiting fewer complications. However, the higher associated costs and lower satisfaction rates of PICC warrant serious attention.
Dated radar-stratigraphy between Dome A and South Pole, East Antarctica: old ice potential and ice sheet history
Authors: Sanderson Rebecca J. , Ross Neil , Winter Kate , Bingham Robert G. , Callard S. Louise , Jordan Tom A. , Young Duncan A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An array of information about the Antarctic ice sheet can be extracted from ice-sheet internal architecture imaged by airborne ice-penetrating radar surveys. We identify, trace and date three key internal reflection horizons (IRHs) across multiple radar surveys from South Pole to Dome A, East Antarctica. Ages of ~38 ± 2.2, ~90 ± 3.6 and ~162 ± 6.7 ka are assigned to the three IRHs, with verification of the upper IRH age from the South Pole ice core. The resultant englacial stratigraphy is used to identify the locations of the oldest ice, specifically in the upper Byrd Glacier catchment and the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains. The distinct glaciological conditions of the Gamburtsev Mountains, including slower ice flow, low geothermal heat flux and frozen base, make it the more likely to host the oldest ice. We also observe a distinct drawdown of IRH geometry around South Pole, indicative of melting from enhanced geothermal heat flux or the removal of deeper, older ice under a previous faster ice flow regime. Our traced IRHs underpin the wider objective to develop a continental-scale database of IRHs which will constrain and validate future ice-sheet modelling and the history of the Antarctic ice sheet.
Recent and future variability of the ice-sheet catchment of Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), Greenland
Authors: Løkkegaard Anja , Colgan William , Aschwanden Andy , Khan Shfaqat Abbas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Knowledge of ice-sheet catchments is critical for mass-balance assessments, especially glacier-scale input–output budgets. This study explores variations in the catchment of Sermeq Kujalleq, or Jakobshavn Isbrø, Greenland. Six observation-based catchment delineations are evaluated along with a 16-member catchment ensemble calculated from ice-sheet models within the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6). The ‘present-day’ ISMIP6 ensemble mean area was found to be

$\sim 6.3\%$

larger than the mean of the observed catchments. Ensemble spreads were comparable in size,

$\pm 12.3\%$

and

$\pm 15.4\%$

, suggesting models are able to delineate the present-day catchment with the same degree of uncertainty as observational methods. The mean catchment area of a 13-member ISMIP6 ensemble shows temporal variation, increasing

$\sim [ 2.7,\; \, 5.7,\; \, 9.1] \%$

under three ocean forcing scenarios and a RCP8.5 projection based on one GCM from 2015 to 2100, primarily as the southern catchment boundary migrates southward. This is interpreted as Sermeq Kujalleq exhibiting dynamic piracy, re-directing ice away from adjacent land terminating glaciers. For mass-balance assessments, present-day catchment delineation is more important than capturing the temporal evolution of individual catchments. However, the modeled temporal changes in catchment area are potentially underestimated, as the models exhibit insufficient acceleration of inland ice flow.
GENERIC DERIVATIONS ON ALGEBRAICALLY BOUNDED STRUCTURES
Authors: FORNASIERO ANTONGIULIO , TERZO GIUSEPPINA 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLet${\mathbb K}$be an algebraically bounded structure, and letTbe its theory. IfTis model complete, then the theory of${\mathbb K}$endowed with a derivation, denoted by$T^{\delta }$, has a model completion. Additionally, we prove that if the theoryTis stable/NIP then the model completion of$T^{\delta }$is also stable/NIP. Similar results hold for the theory with several derivations, either commuting or non-commuting.
DIGITISING THE UK SECURITIES MARKET: THE CASE AGAINST AND A PROPOSAL TO ENFRANCHISE INDIRECT INVESTORS
Authors: Micheler Eva , Zaccaria Elena Christine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA taskforce, appointed by HM Treasury, has recently proposed legislation to eliminate certificated (paper) shares and to require the investors currently holding paper shares to hold them indirectly through nominees. It has also suggested that disclosure combined with a common messaging protocol will enable the market to improve the ability of indirect shareholders to exercise their rights. In this paper we make a case against legislation eliminating paper certificates. We argue that the industry does not need the Government to remove paper certificates. If they want paper certificates to disappear, they should develop a model for holding uncertificated shares directly that is affordable for retail investors. The Government should nevertheless intervene. It should encourage the Competition and Markets Authority to investigate the price structure of accounts for holding uncertificated shares directly with CREST, which operates as a monopoly provider for such accounts in the UK. We further explain that the current system for holding shares indirectly disenfranchises investors and argue that this not only affects investors but also deprives issuers of oversight of their governance. We use empirical evidence to explain that disclosure combined with a common messaging protocol is unlikely to cause the market to develop a system that better enfranchises indirect shareholders. Consequently, we propose legislation to give indirect investors better access to shareholder rights.
Peace Versus Profit: Rebel Fragmentation and Conflict Resurgence in Colombia
Authors: Wyer Frank 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhy do rebel splinter groups emerge during peace processes, and who chooses to defect? Since Colombia's landmark peace agreement with the FARC in 2016, roughly half of the territory once controlled by the group has seen a resurgence of rebel activity by FARC splinter groups. I argue that the FARC's return to arms is a case of “middle-out fragmentation,” whereby opportunities for profit induce mid- or low-ranking rebel commanders to establish splinter groups. In Colombia, I argue that profits from the cocaine trade incentivized local-level FARC officers to defect from the peace agreement and allowed them to rapidly mobilize viable splinter groups. I offer several lines of evidence for this argument. I first construct a chronology of splinter group formation, which demonstrates that mid- and low-level commanders, rather than high-level commanders, were the key drivers of fragmentation. Second, I show that splinter groups emerged in areas where opportunities for profit were greatest. Among areas previously controlled by the FARC, those with coca cultivation prior to the peace agreement were up to thirty-seven percentage points more likely to see splinter groups emerge by 2020 than areas without significant production. Using soil and weather conditions to instrument for coca cultivation produces similar results. Further, I use a novel measure of how critical each municipality is to drug trafficking to show that areas that are theoretically most important for drug trafficking are also more likely to see FARC resurgence. I also address competing explanations related to state capacity, terrain, and popular support for the rebels. These findings highlight an important challenge to peacebuilding: satisfying the political demands of rebel leadership is a necessary but insufficient component of peace agreements in cases where opportunities for profit motivate fragmentation from the middle out.
The Doctrine of Inherent Powers under the Sudanese Civil Procedure Code: Its Origin, Nature and Scope
Authors: Gaffar Hafiz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article delves into the doctrine of inherent powers within the Sudanese Civil Procedure Code, with a specific focus on its origin, nature and scope. It posits that this doctrine empowers the courts to undertake actions essential for fulfilling their duties and ensuring the pursuit of justice, even in instances where such powers are not explicitly granted to them under statutory provisions. Additionally, the article examines the potential advantages and disadvantages associated with inherent powers and contemplates whether their exercise might pose a threat to the rule of law. It also explores the arguments both in favour of and against the possibility of rule-making within the framework of these powers and the potential impact of such regulations on the administration of justice. The article asserts that while a court's inherent powers are indispensable for the efficient dispensation of justice, it is imperative that they are not wielded capriciously or arbitrarily. Instead, their exercise should be guided by the principles of equity and good conscience.
The anatomical mammary gland position influences the weight gain and morphometry of piglets at weaning
Authors: Fidelis Pedro Henrique da Silva , Lima Thatila Ellinna Batista de , Gomes Lígia Vanessa Leandro , Saraiva João Paulo Bezerra , Andrade Tiago Silva , Borges Cibele dos Santos , Rangel Adriano Henrique do Nascimento , Macedo Michelly Fernandes de , Watanabe Pedro Henrique , Moreira Rennan Herculano Rufino 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate the performance of suckling piglets based on their choice of mammary gland. A completely randomized design was used, considering the position of the mammary glands pair and their respective piglets as experimental unit. The mammary gland position was considered for the treatments, being 1st, 4th and 7th pair. The ration and leftovers were weighed daily to obtain daily feed intake of the sow. On post-natal day (PND) 3 and 21, 80 ml of milk was collected to analyse crude protein, fat, lactose, non-fatty solids, mineral matter and total solids. On PND 3 and 21, the piglets were weighed to determine weight gain and estimate milk consumption. The piglets' longitudinal length and head circumference were measured in the same period and estimated body surface area/mass ratio. Blood samples from the sows and piglets were collected on PND 3 and 21 to analyse total cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, fractions and glucose. There was an effect of mammary gland position on piglets at PND 21 suckling on the 7th pair, which had a 23.88 cm2/kg greater body surface/mass ratio compared to those who suckled in the 1st pair. In turn, at PND 21, the piglets that suckled in the 1st pair presented higher weight, weight gain and milk consumption (0.685, 0.033 and 0.127 kg, respectively) than those that suckled in the 7th pair. Anterior mammary glands result in better productive performance and better chances of maintaining piglet homeostasis at PND 21.
In defence of Rebel Angel Theodicy
Authors: Forrest Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRebel Angel Theodicy – often called Satan Theodicy – is the thesis that horrendous evils are directly or indirectly caused by angels who disobeyed God. In this article, I defend it, developing Gary Emberger’s suggestion that they influenced the course of evolution. After defending speculative theodicy, I expound Rebel Angel Theodicy and reply to seven objections that explicate the widespread judgement of implausibility:1.That the existence of angels is metaphysically problematic.2.That God has no good reason to create angels.3.That angels have no power to harm human beings.4.That God, foreknowing the possibility of rebellion, would not delegate to angels the power to guide evolution.5.That even if there was a good reason for God to delegate this power to angels it is metaphysically impossible for an omnipotent God to do so.6.That God, knowing of the angels’ rebellion, would subsequently intervene to put evolution back onto the preferred divine plan.7.That there is no plausible motive for angels to rebel.
Analytical derivation of singularity-free tubes in the constant-orientation workspace of 6-6 Stewart platform manipulators
Authors: Kolte Aditya Mahesh , Ramesh Shashank , Bandyopadhyay Sandipan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the novel concept of a singularity-free tube (SFT) in the constant orientation workspace of a spatial parallel manipulator. The concept is developed and demonstrated in the context of a
$6$
-
$6$
spatial parallel manipulator, namely, the semi-regular Stewart platform manipulator. Given two points in the said workspace, the SFT is a tubular volume which contains these points and is free of gain-type or forward-kinematic singularities. The purpose of identifying such regions in space is to allow abundant freedom to the path-planner to connect the said points by a path, which can be free of gain-type singularities simply by remaining inside the SFT at all times. To demonstrate the concept, two smooth paths obtained by formulating two different optimisation problems have been presented as examples. The SFT can be of great help in singularity-free path-planning in many similar manipulators.
Reexamining the role of regulatory focus in second language achievement
Authors: Wang Li , Sun Xinyi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, we approximately replicated Papi and Khajavy’s (2021) investigation into the regulatory focus in second language acquisition, applying their approach to a significantly larger cohort of 855 Chinese second language (L2) learners. In contrast with the original study, our research employed the College English Test Band 4 (CET-4), a standardized English test, to better align with the Chinese educational context. This methodological shift allowed for a nuanced exploration of the regulatory focus’s role in language learning among Chinese students. Our results predominantly reinforce the crucial role of regulatory focus in language learning, echoing Papi and Khajavy’s findings. We discovered notable parallels in how promotion positively influences ideal own and ideal other, and how prevention negatively impacts ought own and ought other. However, a unique finding of our study was the stronger impact of ought selves on L2 anxiety and enjoyment in the Chinese context. This highlights the nuanced influence of socioeducational environments on regulatory focus strategies, suggesting contextual variability in language learning strategies.
Visual inspection time as an accessible measure of processing speed: A validation study in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Kaufman Jacqueline N. , Van Tubbergen Marie , Donders Jacobus , Warschausky Seth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjective:This study examined the validity of a visual inspection time (IT) task as a measure of processing speed (PS) in a sample of children with and without cerebral palsy (CP). IT tasks measure visualization speed without focusing on the motor response time to indicate decision making about the properties of those stimuli.Methods:Participants were 113 children ages 8–16, including 45 with congenital CP, and 68 typically developing peers. Measures were a standard visual IT task that required dual key responding and a modified version using an assistive technology button with response option scanning. Performance on these measures was examined against traditional Wechsler PS measures (Coding, Symbol Search).Results:IT performance shared considerable variance with traditional paper-pencil PS measures for the group with CP, but not necessarily in the typically developing group. Concurrent validity was found for both IT task versions with traditional PS measures in the group with CP. IT classification accuracy for lowered PS showed modest sensitivity and good specificity particularly for the modified IT task.Conclusions:As measures of PS in children with CP who are unable to validly participate in traditional PS tasks, IT tasks demonstrate adequate concurrent validity and may serve as a beneficial alternative measure of PS in this population.
Generating Global and Local Explanations for Tree-Ensemble Learning Methods by Answer Set Programming
Authors: TAKEMURA AKIHIRO , INOUE KATSUMI 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe propose a method for generating rule sets as global and local explanations for tree-ensemble learning methods using answer set programming (ASP). To this end, we adopt a decompositional approach where the split structures of the base decision trees are exploited in the construction of rules, which in turn are assessed using pattern mining methods encoded in ASP to extract explanatory rules. For global explanations, candidate rules are chosen from the entire trained tree-ensemble models, whereas for local explanations, candidate rules are selected by only considering rules that are relevant to the particular predicted instance. We show how user-defined constraints and preferences can be represented declaratively in ASP to allow for transparent and flexible rule set generation, and how rules can be used as explanations to help the user better understand the models. Experimental evaluation with real-world datasets and popular tree-ensemble algorithms demonstrates that our approach is applicable to a wide range of classification tasks.
Modeling of intermodulation in a loaded-line phase shifter based on a polynomial varactor model
Authors: Mattsson Martin , Buisman Koen , Kuylenstierna Dan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates if there is an optimum design of loaded-line phase shifters with respect to phase shift/loss figure of merit (FOM) and linearity. The investigation was performed by comparing six loaded-line phase shifters that were implemented in printed circuit board (PCB)technology with shunt-loaded hyperabrupt varactor-diodes. It was demonstrated that the hyperabrupt varactor’s C-V characteristics must be modeled with high accuracy to predict the nonlinear behavior. A polynomial varactor model was employed and experimentally validated. To extend the range of investigated parameter values, the extracted model was scaled and evaluated further in a circuit simulator. The investigation reveals that for a given varactor-capacitance, the phase shift/loss FOM is improved if the varactor-capacitance is evenly distributed and the unit cell length is much shorter than a quarter wavelength. The study demonstrates that the phase shift/loss depends mainly on the distribution of varactor-capacitance and Q factor. The intermodulation (IM) distortion is primarily proportional to the total varactor-capacitance per unit cell. The study also revealed that an increase in the varactor’s Q factor results in higher IM. Therefore, it is a trade-off between low loss and low IM.