bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of water temperature, grazing snails and terrestrial herbivores on leaf decomposition in urban streams
Authors: Xiang Hongyong , Zhang Yixin , Atkinson David , Sekar Raju 
Published: October 2019

The decomposition of organic matter in freshwaters, such as leaf litter, can affect global nutrient (e.g., carbon) cycling. This process can be influenced by fast urbanization through increased water temperature, reduced aquatic diversity and changed leaf litter quality traits. In this study, we performed a mesocosm experiment to explore the individual and combined effects of warming (8°C higher and ambient), the presence versus absence of grazing snails (Parafossarulus striatulus), and intraspecific difference of leaf litter quality (intact versus > 40% area of Liriodendron chinense leaves grazed by terrestrial insects) on litter decomposition in urban streams. Litter decomposition rates ranged from 0.019 d−1 to 0.058 d−1 with an average decomposition rate of 0.032 ± 0.002 d−1. All the three factors had significant effects on litter decomposition rate. Warming and the presence of snails accelerated litter decomposition rates by 60% and 35% respectively. Litter decomposition rates of leaves damaged by terrestrial insects were 5% slower than that of intact leaves, because litter quality of terrestrial insect-damaged leaves was lower (i.e., higher specific leaf weight) than intact leaves. For treatments with snails, warming stimulated microbial and snail mediated litter decomposition rates by 35% and 167%, respectively. All combinations of treatments showed additive effects on litter decomposition except for the interaction between warming and snails which showed positive synergistic effects. In addition, neither temperature nor litter quality affected snail growth rate. These results imply that higher water temperature and the presence of abundant snails in urban streams greatly enhanced litter decomposition. Moreover, the effect of pest outbreaks, which resulted in lower litter quality, can cascade to aquatic ecosystems by retarding microbe-mediated litter decomposition. When these factors co-occurred, warming could synergistically interact with snails to speed up the depletion of organic matter, while the effect of leaf quality on litter decomposition may be diminished at high water temperature. These effects could further influence stream food webs and nutrient cycling.
Cognitive performance in distinct groups of children undergoing epilepsy surgery—a single-centre experience
Authors: Benova Barbora , Belohlavkova Anezka , Jezdik Petr , Jahodová Alena , Kudr Martin , Komarek Vladimir , Novak Vilem , Liby Petr , Lesko Robert , Tichý Michal , Kyncl Martin , Zamecnik Josef , Krsek Pavel , Maulisova Alice 
Published: October 2019

Background
We aimed first to describe trends in cognitive performance over time in a large patient cohort (n = 203) from a single tertiary centre for paediatric epilepsy surgery over the period of 16 years divided in two (developing—pre-2011 vs. established—post-2011). Secondly, we tried to identify subgroups of epilepsy surgery candidates with distinctive epilepsy-related characteristics that associate with their pre- and post-surgical cognitive performance. Thirdly, we analysed variables affecting pre-surgical and post-surgical IQ/DQ and their change (post- vs. pre-surgical).

Methods
We analysed IQ/DQ data obtained using standardized neuropsychological tests before epilepsy surgery and one year post-surgically, along with details of patient’s epilepsy, epilepsy surgery and outcomes in terms of freedom from seizures. Using regression analysis, we described the trend in post-operative IQ/DQ. Cognitive outcomes and the associated epilepsy- and epilepsy surgery-related variables were compared between periods before and after 2011. Using multivariate analysis we analysed the effect of individual variables on pre- and post-operative IQ/DQ and its change.

Results
Epilepsy surgery tends to improve post-surgical IQ/DQ, most significantly in patients with lower pre-surgical IQ/DQ, and post-surgical IQ/DQ strongly correlates with pre-surgical IQ/DQ (Rho = 0.888, p < 0.001). We found no significant difference in pre-, post-surgical IQ/DQ and IQ/DQ change between the periods of pre-2011 and post-2011 (p = 0.7, p = 0.469, p = 0.796, respectively). Patients with temporal or extratemporal epilepsy differed in their pre-surgical IQ/DQ (p = 0.001) and in IQ/DQ change (p = 0.002) from those with hemispheric epilepsy, with no significant difference in post-surgical IQ/DQ (p = 0.888). Groups of patients with different underlying histopathology showed significantly different pre- and post-surgical IQ/DQ (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively) but not IQ/DQ change (p = 0.345).Variables associated with severe epilepsy showed effect on cognitive performance in multivariate model.

Discussion
Post-surgical IQ/DQ strongly correlates with pre-surgical IQ/DQ and greatest IQ/DQ gain occurs in patients with lower pre-surgical IQ/DQ scores. Cognitive performance was not affected by changes in paediatric epilepsy surgery practice. Pre- and post-operative cognitive performances, as well as patients’ potential for cognitive recovery, are highly dependent on the underlying aetiology and epileptic syndrome.
Risk Factors for Patients Showing Arteriovenous Fistula Recurrent Failure / Fatores de Risco para Pacientes com Falência Recorrente de Fístula Arteriovenosa
Authors: Carvalho Juliana lima de , Luna Aline Affonso , Souza Priscilla Aldradique de , Fassarella Cíntia Silva 
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores de risco/condicionantes para a falência da fístula arteriovenosa e analisar os cuidados necessários para manutenção da fístula arteriovenosa. Métodos: Estudo piloto realizado com 10 participantes com histórico de falência de fístula arteriovenosa, com dados coletados por meio de formulário e analisados por estatística descritiva, aceito pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, com número do CAAE nº 64150117.2.0000.5259. Resultados: A idade média foi de 57,3 anos. A hipertensão arterial foi a doença prévia mais comum en­contrada entre os participantes. A hipotensão e as punções repetidas foram os fatores de risco/condicionantes com maior ocorrência. Conclusão: a maioria dos participantes possuíam baixa escolaridade e informaram ter tido alguma complicação na FAV. A hipotensão como fator condicionante para falência das FAV, permaneceu de forma frequente entre os participantes. Observou-se que grande parte já realizava tratamento dialítico prévio.
A dosimetric comparison of the use of equally spaced beam (ESB), beam angle optimization (BAO), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in head and neck cancers treated by intensity modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Leung Wan Shun , Wu Vincent W. C. , Liu Clarie Y. W. , Cheng Ashley C. K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have shown that the beam arrangement had significant influence on plan quality in intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric performance of beam arrangement methods by employing equally spaced beams (ESB), beam angle optimization (BAO), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in the planning of five types of head and neck (H&N) cancers treated by IMRT.MethodsFive plans of different beam arrangement methods were optimized for 119 H&N cancer patients with the prescription of 66–70 Gy for high‐risk planning target volume (PTV), 60 Gy for intermediate risk PTV, 54 Gy for low‐risk PTV using a simultaneously integrated boost method. The five‐beam arrangement methods were: ESB, coplanar BAO (BAOc), noncoplanar BAO (BAOnc), two‐arc VMAT (VMAT2), and three‐arc VMAT (VMAT3). The H&N cancers included cancers of nasopharynx, oral cavity, larynx, maxillary sinus, and parotid. Although the partial arc VMAT could be used in cases where the PTVs were situated at one side of the head such as the parotid, this arrangement was not included because it was intended to include only the beam arrangements that were applicable to all the types of head and neck cancers in the study. The plans were evaluated using a “figure‐of‐merit” known as uncomplicated target conformity index (UTCI). In addition, PTV conformation number and homogeneity index, normal tissue integral dose, and organ at risk (OAR) doses were also used. The mean values of these parameters were compared among the five plans.ResultsAll treatment plans met the preset dose requirements for the target volumes and OARs. For nasopharyngeal cancer, VMAT3 and BAOnc demonstrated significantly higher UTCI. For cancer of oral cavity, most beam arrangement showed similar UTCI except ESB, which was relatively lower. For cancer of larynx, there was no significant difference in UTCI among the five‐beam arrangement methods. For cancers of maxillary sinus and parotid gland, the two BAO methods showed marginally higher UTCI among all the five methods.ConclusionIndividual methods showed dosimetric advantages on certain aspects, and the UTCI of the BAO treatment plans are marginally greater in the case of maxillary sinus and parotid gland. However, if treatment time was included into consideration, VMAT plans would be recommended for cancers of the nasopharynx, oral cavity, and larynx.
Identification of Two Novel Small Compounds that Inhibit Liver Cancer Formation in Zebrafish and Analysis of Their Conjugation to Nanodiamonds to Further Reduce Toxicity
Authors: Tseng Po‐Han , Sie Zong‐Lin , Liu Meng‐Chieh , Lin Han‐Syuan , Yang Wan‐Yu , Lin Ting‐Yu , Hsieh Hsing‐Pang , Hung Shih‐Che , Cheng Chia‐Liang , Wang Horng‐Dar , Chang Hsin‐Hou , Yuh Chiou‐Hwa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLiver cancer, which is ranked fourth in cancer‐related mortality worldwide, lacks effective therapeutic treatments. The development of new targeted therapies for liver cancer is urgently needed. The zebrafish is an excellent preclinical model organism for drug screening. Therefore, in a zebrafish model, hundreds of small molecules are screened, and two compounds (LIB1O0078 and LIB1O0144) are identified as the strongest inducers of antiangiogenic effects without side effects. LIB1O0078 exhibits better antiproliferation ability, and LIB1O0144 has better antimigration ability, as shown by xenotransplantation assays. Furthermore, LIB1O0078 and LIB1O0144 exhibit anti‐HCC effects after retro‐orbital injection into adult Tg(fabp10a:HBx,Src, p53‐) triple transgenic fish with obesity and liver cancer. Because of the embryonic toxicity induced by these compounds, they are conjugated with nanodiamonds (ND), which are highly biocompatible function‐based carriers. ND‐coated small molecules not only reduce the embryonic toxicity and hepatotoxicity of the compounds, also exhibit better anti‐HCC effects when administered by oral gavage in adult Tg(fabp10a:HBx,Src, p53‐) fish with obesity and liver cancer. This study integrates nanotechnology and biomedical technology, identifies new potential anticancer drugs, and demonstrates the effectiveness of coating them on nanodiamonds in vivo. Facilitated by such a rapid zebrafish screening system, new anticancer drugs can be identified in a personalized and timely manner.
T lymphocytes and cytotoxic astrocyte blebs correlate across autism brains
Authors: DiStasio Marcello M. , Nagakura Ikue , Nadler Monica J. , Anderson Matthew P. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 59 children, yet except for rare genetic causes, the etiology in most ASD remains unknown. In the ASD brain, inflammatory cytokine and transcript profiling shows increased expression of genes encoding mediators of the innate immune response. We evaluated postmortem brain tissue for adaptive immune cells and immune cell–mediated cytotoxic damage that could drive this innate immune response in the ASD brain.MethodsStandard neuropathology diagnostic methods including histology and immunohistochemistry were extended with automated image segmentation to quantify identified pathologic features in the postmortem brains.ResultsWe report multifocal perivascular lymphocytic cuffs contain increased numbers of lymphocytes in ~65% of ASD compared to control brains in males and females, across all ages, in most brain regions, and in white and gray matter, and leptomeninges. CD3+ T lymphocytes predominate over CD20+ B lymphocytes and CD8+ over CD4+ T lymphocytes in ASD brains. Importantly, the perivascular cuff lymphocyte numbers correlate to the quantity of astrocyte‐derived round membranous blebs. Membranous blebs form as a cytotoxic reaction to lymphocyte attack. Consistent with multifocal immune cell–mediated injury at perivascular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–brain barriers, a subset of white matter vessels have increased perivascular space (with jagged contours) and collagen in ASD compared to control brains. CSF–brain barrier pathology is also evident at cerebral cortex pial and ventricular ependymal surfaces in ASD.InterpretationThe findings suggest dysregulated cellular immunity damages astrocytes at foci along the CSF–brain barrier in ASD. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:885–898
Influences of (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane on the tribological behaviors of basalt fiber/acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber composites under dry friction and water‐lubricated conditions
Authors: Li Yingzhe , Li Zhuo , Gao Yang , Li Lin , Yang Yihan 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe weak interaction between the basalt fiber (BF) and acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) weakens the BFs' effects on improving the tribological performances of the NBR composites. To solve this problem, (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was introduced via mixing into the matrix or grafting on the BF surface, respectively. The characteristics, mechanical, and tribological properties of the composites were evaluated, and the effects of the APTES and its introduction methods on the tribological properties were the main focus. The APTES mixed in the rubber matrix decreased the friction coefficient (COF) of the NBR‐based composites under both dry friction and water‐lubricated conditions. Especially, the APTES hydrolysis under water‐lubricated condition was conducive to the formation of the water film and thus dramatically decreased the COF. The COF of the BF0‐A3 and the BF12‐A3 were 51% and 30% lower than that of the BF0‐A0 and the BF12‐A0 under water lubrication, respectively. The APTES grafted on the BF surface increased the wear resistance of the BF/NBR composites attributed to the improvement of the interaction between the BFs and the NBR matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48558.
Fe3O4@rGO hybrids intercalated nanocellulose‐based aerogels for enhanced ferromagnetic and mechanical properties
Authors: Yu Yunyun , Wang Yanlai , Deng Penghu , Zhang Tonghua 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis work presented a new method for preparing cellulose nanofibril (CNF)/Fe3O4@rGO composite aerogels with enhanced magnetic and mechanical properties. The composite aerogels were obtained through compounding, gelling, washing, tert‐butanol replacing, and freeze‐drying. The structural characteristics of composite aerogels were investigated via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and X‐ray diffraction. Results showed that the composite aerogels had interconnected three‐dimensional porous network microstructures, and the Fe3O4@rGO hybrids were uniformly dispersed in the aerogels. Moreover, the aerogels' magnetization and compression characteristics were also studied. Magnetic measurements indicated that composite aerogels had good magnetization characteristics with the saturation magnetization value of 6.75 emu/g. The uniaxial compression tests showed that the compression strength and Young's modulus of the composite aerogels were significantly improved by 32.33 and 118.56%, respectively, relative to those of CNF aerogels. The perfect combination of structure and performance may render the composite aerogels useful for commercial applications in the fields of environmental engineering, biomedical engineering, electronics, and energy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48564.
Extended adaptive optimal control of linear systems with unknown dynamics using adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Gan Minggang , Zhao Jingang , Zhang Chi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe extended infinite horizon optimal control problem of continuous time linear systems with unknown dynamics is investigated in this paper. This optimal control problem can be solved using the corresponding extended algebraic Riccati equation. A new policy iteration algorithm is proposed to approximate the solution of the extended algebraic Riccati equation when the system dynamics are known. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved. Based on the proposed policy iteration algorithm, an online adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm is developed to find the solution to the extended infinite horizon optimal control problem of unknown continuous time linear systems. The convergence of the online ADP algorithm is analyzed. Finally, two simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed online ADP algorithm.
Auf Exkursion in Südmähren
Authors: Schmitt Marcus 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungSüdmähren ist eine faunistisch diverse Region im Süden Tschechiens. Das liegt sowohl an der geologischen Vielgestaltigkeit der Landschaft, die sich zum Beispiel im Bereich des grenzüberschreitenden Nationalparks Thayatal abbildet, als auch an der Tatsache, dass hier das herzynische Waldland Westeuropas und die pannonische Steppenregion Südosteuropas aneinander stoßen. Bei zehn einwöchigen zoologischen Exkursionen für Biologiestudierende der Universität Duisburg‐Essen zwischen 2009 und 2018 konnte eine ganze Reihe faszinierender Tierarten im Gebiet beobachtet oder gefangen und besprochen werden. Der Schwerpunkt der Beobachtungen lag auf der Avifauna, die so verschiedene Arten wie zum Beispiel Grauammer, Schwarzstorch, Wiedehopf, Bienenfresser oder Eisvogel und Drosselrohrsänger als Brutvögel aufweist. Ebenfalls starke Beachtung erfuhr die Herpetofauna. Östliche Smaragdeidechse und Äskulapnatter sind stellenweise häufig und gut zu beobachten, Laubfrosch, Feuersalamander und Rotbauchunke sind ebenfalls anzutreffen. Zu den bemerkenswerten Säugetieren zählt der Europäische Ziesel. Und auch unter den Wirbellosen findet man charismatische Spezies, etwa die Goldaugenspringspinne, die mährische Röhrenspinne oder die Sägeschrecke. Viele Arten werden im vorliegenden Artikel im Kontext ihrer Lebensräume kurz vorgestellt. Eine Artenliste mit den während der Exkursionen sicher festgestellten Wirbeltieren Südmährens ergänzt den zoologischen Reisebericht.
Design and rationale of the North Indian ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Registry: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Arora Sameer , Qamar Arman , Gupta Puneet , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Chauhan Ishit , Tripathi Ashutosh K. , Sharma Vinamra Y. , Bansal Ankit , Fatima Amber , Jain Gagan , Batra Vishal , Tyagi Sanjay , Khandelwal Lokesh , Kaul Prashant , Rao Sunil V. , Girish Meenahalli Palleda , Bhatt Deepak L. , Gupta Mohit D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Although remarkable progress has been made in the management of STEMI in high‐income countries, contemporary data to evaluate processes and outcomes of STEMI care in India is limited. The North Indian ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (NORIN STEMI) registry is a prospective cohort study based at government funded and largely free of cost tertiary medical centers in New Delhi, India. These hospitals serve a large proportion of the patients with lower socioeconomic status presenting from multiple states in India, as many centers in these states lack adequate specialized cardiovascular care. The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Boards of each institution and informed consent has been obtained from study participants. The NORIN STEMI registry aims to provide important insights regarding contemporary risk factors profiles, practice patterns, and prognosis in patients with STEMI in an underserved population in North India. These findings may identify opportunities to improve the outcomes of patients with STEMI in India.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of radiolabeled methyl N‐[5‐(3′‐halobenzoyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]carbamate for cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Kortylewicz Zbigniew P. , Coulter Don W. , Baranowska‐Kortylewicz Janina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe role of theranostics in cancer management is growing so is the selection of vectors used to deliver these modalities to cancer cells. We describe biological evaluation of a novel theranostic agent targeted to microtubules. Methyl N‐[5‐(3′‐[131I]iodobenzoyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]carbamate (1) and methyl N‐[5‐(3′‐[125I]iodobenzoyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]carbamate (2) were synthesized from a common precursor 3′‐stannylated derivative (4). Antiproliferative effects and radiotoxicity of 131I‐labeled β‐particle emitting 1 were examined in vitro in human neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells lines. The therapeutic potential of 1 was also examined in a subcutaneous mouse model of human glioblastoma U‐87 MG. Compound 1 at the extracellular radioactive concentration of 0.35 MBq/mL, easily achievable in vivo, kills >90% of neuroblastoma cells and >60% glioblastoma cells as measured in a clonogenic assay. D10 doses established for 1 indicate that as few as 3,000 decays are sufficient to kill 90% of BE(2)‐C cells. Even U‐87 MG cells, the least sensitive of the tested cell lines, require <20,000 decays of intracellular 131I to reduce number of clonogenic cells by 90%. Biodistribution studies of 2 delivered either intratumorally or intraperitoneally show a similar tissue distribution for both routes of the drug administration. The whole body clearance half‐lives were on average 6 hr. Intratumor administration of 1 produces significant tumor growth delay. After a single dose of 8.4 ± 0.3 MBq of compound 1, the tumor doubling times were 3.2 ± 0.1 and 7.9 ± 0.6 days in control and treated mice, respectively. Methyl N‐[5‐(3′‐radiohalobenzoyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl]carbamates have properties compatible with a theranostic approach to cancer management.