bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial Tibial Slope Determined by Plain Radiography Is Not Associated with Primary or Recurrent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears
Authors: Su Alvin W. , Bogunovic Ljiljana , Smith Matthew V. , Gortz Simon , Brophy Robert H. , Wright Rick W. , Matava Matthew J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIncreased tibial slope may be associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, although potential confounding effects from various patient characteristics and radiographic quantification methods have not been rigorously studied. The association of the slope of the lateral plateau with recurrent ACL injury after primary ACL reconstruction has recently been reported, but the role of medial slope is less well defined. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess medial tibial slope measurement reliability among examiners, (2) compare medial tibial slope values between patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction, reinjured patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction, and a control cohort with an intact ACL, (3) analyze if the medial tibial slope is an independent risk factor for noncontact ACL injury, and (4) assess how different anatomical references affect medial tibial slope values. A total of 206 patients were enrolled into one of three groups: (1) ACL-intact controls (CONTROL, n = 83), (2) first-time ACL-injured patients (PRIMARY, n = 77), and (3) patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction (REVISION, n = 46). Three fellowship-trained sports medicine surgeons performed repeated measurements of plain lateral radiographs. The medial tibial slope was determined by three anatomical references: anterior tibial cortex (anterior tibial slope [ATS]), posterior tibial cortex (posterior tibial slope [PTS]), and the anatomical long axis of the tibia (composite tibial slope [CTS]). Substantial intra- and interobserver reliabilities were established by the intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.73 to 0.89. There was no difference in CTS, ATS, or PTS comparing the CONTROL, PRIMARY, and REVISION groups upon univariate analyses. Multivariable logistic regression model showed that none of the slope values was independently associated with ACL injury. The mean ATS for all 206 subjects was 4 and 8 degrees greater than the mean CTS and PTS, respectively. ATS correlated only moderately to PTS. We concluded that medial tibial slope measured on radiographs is not associated with primary or recurrent ACL injury, and has substantial variation and suboptimal correlation when using different anatomical references despite good inter- and intraobserver reliabilities.
Patterns of Preterm Birth among Women of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Descent
Authors: Altman Molly R. , Baer Rebecca J. , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. 
Published: December 2018

Objective To describe the characteristics and risk factors for preterm birth in Hawaiian and Pacific Islander women.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of 10,470 women of Hawaiian or Pacific Islander descent drawn from a population-based birth cohort dataset in California. Variables were examined across preterm birth subtype (spontaneous, provider initiated) and by gestational age grouping (early preterm birth and late preterm birth) and all preterm births.
Results Hawaiian/Pacific Islander women were at higher risk for preterm birth when they had fewer than three prenatal visits; were underweight, reported tobacco, alcohol, or illicit drugs use in pregnancy; had a diagnosis of anemia, gestational diabetes, preexisting diabetes, or hypertension with or without pre-eclampsia; or had a history of previous preterm birth. Obesity was found to be protective for preterm birth.
Conclusion Women of Hawaiian and Pacific Islander descent demonstrate a similar yet unique constellation of risk and protective factors for preterm birth as compared with other groups at high risk for preterm birth. Interventions aimed to prevent preterm birth need to support the specific needs of this population.
Effect of Tibial Component Alignment and Posterior Slope on Tibial Coverage in a Chinese Population: A Three-dimensional Anthropometric Study
Authors: Shao Long , Wang Ting , Liao Junyi , Xu Wei , Liang Xi , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe standard for rotational alignment and posterior slope of the tibial component in total knee arthroplasty remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tibial component alignment and posterior slope on tibial coverage. Computer tomographic scans of 101 tibial specimens were used to reconstruct three-dimensional tibia models. A virtual surgery was performed to generate a resection plane with different posterior slopes on the proximal tibia. Symmetrical and anatomical tibial components were placed aligning to the medial one-third of tibial tubercle (Insall) and the medial edge of patella tendon (Akagi), respectively. Differences in coverage and mismatch were evaluated and statistically compared across alignments, slope angles, and genders. The tibial coverage increased from 83.21 to 85.96% for Akagi's alignments and from 85.19 to 87.22% for Insall alignments along with the increasing of posterior slope from 0 to 7 degrees. Regardless of the prosthesis design, there was a significant difference between two rotational alignments as the Insall alignment was significantly higher in tibial coverage. With a slope of 7 degrees, more overhang along with less underhang anteromedially were found in males compared with females. The current anatomical tibial design has a tendency of overhang in the anteromedial zone which does not exist in the symmetrical design. The current tibial baseplate design has better tibial coverage when aligning to the medial third of tibial tuberosity with slopes of 5 and 7 degrees. Gender difference should be taken into account and given priority for prosthesis design.
Response to Medical Nutritional Therapy and Need for Pharmacological Therapy in Women with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Feghali Maisa N. , Abebe Kaleab Z. , Comer Diane M. , Caritis Steve , Catov Janet M. , Scifres Christina M. 
Published: December 2018

Objective We assessed if the initial response to medical nutritional therapy (MNT) can help predict the need for pharmacological therapy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Study Design We identified 1,174 women with GDM who underwent standardized dietary counseling and reported glucose values from the first week of MNT. We compared women who required pharmacological therapy with those who did not use bivariate statistics, and used multivariable logistic regression modeling to assess for factors predicting the need for pharmacological therapy.
Results We identified 819 women (69.8%) who needed pharmacological therapy. They had higher prepregnancy body mass index, higher rates of GDM diagnosis before 24 weeks, and higher oral glucose tolerance test values. After adjustment for covariates, age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.08), obesity (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.70–3.66), and ≥33% of abnormal glucose values from the first week of MNT (OR: 13.84; 95% CI: 9.4–20.20) were associated with the need for pharmacological therapy. Area under the curve of the regression model was 0.83, with a sensitivity of 72.2%, a specificity of 86.8%, and a positive predictive value of 92.5%.
Conclusion Glucose values from the first week of MNT were the strongest predictor of needing pharmacological therapy. Further studies are needed to define metabolic predictors of response to MNT in women with GDM.
Breaking Barriers for Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in Chiari Malformation Type I: “What and How Much Is Enough?” A Retrospective Analysis of 74 Cases
Authors: Jaiswal Manish , Patil Amit , Mittal Radhey 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Introduction: Chiari malformation type I is a collection of hindbrain abnormalities, for which natural history of the disease process is not clear. The challenge is to identify which patients will benefit most from posterior fossa decompression.
Objectives: To identify important surgical implications that most likely benefit patients with Chiari malformation type I by analyzing and reviewing various operative interventions in these patients with appropriate symptoms and then following their course.
Subjects & Methods: Retrospective analysis of 74 operated Chiari malformation type I with syrinx adult patients was done.
Results: No definite pattern of progression in natural history of disease was noted. Most of the patients who were symptomatically stable for months to years presented with recent rapid progression. The most common symptom was suboccipital pain. The most common finding was lower extremity weakness. On clinical presentation basis, patients were divided into three categories: foramen magnum compression syndrome, central cord syndrome, and cerebellar syndrome. Most patients in our study fall in first category. Foramen magnum decompression with atlas posterior arch removal and sometimes partial C2 laminectomy depending on extent of tonsillar descent as well as augmentation duraplasty was done in most patients. Improvement was seen in foramen magnum compression syndrome group more significantly.
Conclusions: Individualized surgical techniques for breaking the barriers of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in Chiari malformation type I with syrinx to restore normal CSF dynamics across craniocervical junction provide the pragmatic solution. The trend is toward balance between optimum wide decompression as compared with long craniocaudal decompression and preserving normal integrity.
Anomalous Origin of the Vertebral Artery
Authors: Shinohara André , Sangalette Beatriz , Silva Mateus , Rinaldi Laís , Souza Juliane , Buchaim Rogério , Andreo Jesus , Amaral Sandra , Toledo Gustavo 
Published: December 2018

Introduction The present article presents a rare case of variation of the left vertebral artery, which originated from the aortic arch, between the common carotid artery and the subclavian artery, although classic descriptions of the vertebral artery indicate its origin at the subclavian artery, where it penetrates the foramen transverse and ascends cervically to the foramen magnum.
Case presentation The anatomical peculiarity of the vertebral artery is evidenced. The origin of the vertebral artery was identified directly from the aortic arch in a dissected human specimen.
Conclusion In view of the numerous surgical procedures performed in this area, the clear understanding of its topographic layout is indispensable, and might change surgical procedures performed in the region.
Racial Differences in Disease Presentation and Management of Intracranial Meningioma
Authors: Anzalone C. Lane , Glasgow Amy E. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: December 2018

Objective/Hypothesis The aim of the study was to determine the impact of race on disease presentation and treatment of intracranial meningioma in the United States.
Study Design This study comprised of the analysis of a national population-based tumor registry.
Methods Analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database was performed, including all patients identified with a diagnosis of intracranial meningioma. Associations between race, disease presentation, treatment strategy, and overall survival were analyzed in a univariate and multivariable model.
Results A total of 65,973 patients with intracranial meningiomas were identified. Of these, 45,251 (68.6%) claimed white, 7,796 (12%) black, 7,154 (11%) Hispanic, 4,902 (7%) Asian, and 870 (1%) patients reported “other-unspecified” or “other-unknown.” The median annual incidence of disease was lowest among black (3.43 per 100,000 persons) and highest among white (9.52 per 100,000 persons) populations (p < 0.001). Overall, Hispanic patients were diagnosed at the youngest age and white patients were diagnosed at the oldest age (mean of 59 vs. 66 years, respectively; p < 0.001). Compared with white populations, black, Hispanic, and Asian populations were more likely to present with larger tumors (p < 0.001). After controlling for tumor size, age, and treatment center in a multivariable model, Hispanic patients were more likely to undergo surgery than white, black, and Asian populations. Black populations had the poorest disease specific and overall survival rates at 5 years following surgery compared with other groups.
Conclusion Racial differences among patients with intracranial meningioma exist within the United States. Understanding these differences are of vital importance toward identifying potential differences in the biological basis of disease or alternatively inequalities in healthcare delivery or access Further studies are required to determine which factors drive differences in tumor size, age, annual disease incidence, and overall survival between races.
Biotin–Thiamine Responsive Basal Ganglia Disease: A Treatable Metabolic Encephalopathy—Not to Be Missed!
Authors: Nemani Tarishi , Mehta Puja , Udwadia-Hegde Anaita 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBiotin–thiamine responsive basal ganglia disease (BTBGD) is an autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder, characterized by encephalopathy, extrapyramidal signs following mild infection, trauma or surgery and is potentially reversible with treatment. We describe a 15-month-old female child of Indian-Muslim origin with characteristic clinical and radiological features of BTBGD that showed complete resolution with treatment. A comparison with previously reported cases reveals a different mutation (exon 2 vs. exon 5 in middle east cases) in the SLC19A3 gene that could be specific for the Indian subcontinent. We also emphasize the importance of a trial of vitamins in patients with acute metabolic encephalopathy.
Halal tourism: insights from experts in the field.
Authors: Vargas-Sánchez A. , Moral-Moral M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter first presents a synthesis of current research on Halal tourism using a small-scale meta-analysis of previous literature. It then presents findings of a study that was designed to provide insights into Halal tourism from the point of view of tourism experts with a special focus on the importance and offering of Halal tourism in Spain.
Religious practices and performance in Syrian Shi'ite religious tourism.
Authors: Yasuda S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

This chapter examines the function of religious practices in contemporary religious tourism by introducing a performance approach in tourism studies, using Syrian Shi'ite religious tourism as the case study. Specifically, the characteristics of religious practices and the shared common sense among stakeholders in religious practices are discussed. The data discussed in this chapter is based on a literature review and a field research in the town of al-Sayyedah Zeinab and other Shi'ite religious places in Syria from 2007 to 2011.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Chickenpox Vaccination and Risk of Herpes Zoster: A Quantitative View on the “Exogenous Boosting Hypothesis”
Authors: Harder Thomas , Siedler Anette 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe “exogenous boosting hypothesis” postulates that reexposure to circulating varicella zoster virus (VZV) over the life span inhibits reactivation of VZV. Consequently, if circulation of VZV is suppressed by introduction of chickenpox vaccination, incidences of herpes zoster may rise.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and metaanalysis on impact of chickenpox vaccination on herpes zoster incidence and time trend, focusing on population-level effects by analyzing interrupted time-series (ITS) studies. We searched Medline and Embase for ITS reporting incidences of chickenpox and herpes zoster before and after implementation of chickenpox vaccination. Autoregressive integrated moving average models were calculated. Change in trend and incidence from studies were pooled.ResultsTwelve studies were included, of which 6 were eligible for metaanalysis. Metaanalysis revealed a significant increase in chickenpox cases prior to implementation of chickenpox vaccination and a reversed trend thereafter, particularly in individuals aged 1–4 years. The increase in age-adjusted herpes zoster incidence before implementation of chickenpox vaccination did not change thereafter. However, separate analysis of age groups revealed a net increase of hospitalized herpes zoster cases in individuals aged 10–49 years after implementation of chickenpox vaccination. This very small effect (fewer than 2 additional cases per 100 000 persons) did not occur in other age groups.ConclusionsTo date, no conclusive evidence exists that chickenpox vaccination has a substantial population-level impact on herpes zoster in nonvaccinated age groups. While exogenous boosting may exist, the effect size generated by chickenpox vaccination might be rather small on the population level.
Community participation in health research: an ethnography from rural Swaziland
Authors: Brear Michelle R , Hammarberg Karin , Fisher Jane 
Published: December 2018

Summary
Community participation in all aspects of health research is widely advocated. However, there is a lack of specificity in reporting what community members actually do, and reported participation is typically limited to discrete research activities. Greater specificity in reporting has potential to clarify how community participation might occur and how it might influence empowerment and research rigour. We conducted an ethnographic study of participatory health research (PHR) in a socio-economically marginalized rural Swazi community. Data about 10 community co-researchers’ participation in research workshops and field work were collected through participant observation over 14 months and analysed using directed content analysis, informed by the Comprehensive Community Participation in Research Framework (CCPRF). The analysis demonstrated that facilitating extensive community participation in PHR is feasible and identified 10 new research process activities in which community members might participate, for inclusion in an expanded CCPRF. We provide examples of how community members might participate in 57/59 expanded CCPRF activities and show that participatory, dialogue-based activities can be effective tools for facilitating research participation in ways that empower individual co-researchers and enhance research rigour. However, our results highlight limitations of community participation related to utilizing research results to inform actions, and empowering communities to control their environments and improve their health.
Phylogenetic Methods Inconsistently Predict the Direction of HIV Transmission Among Heterosexual Pairs in the HPTN 052 Cohort
Authors: Rose Rebecca , Hall Matthew , Redd Andrew D , Lamers Susanna , Barbier Andrew E , Porcella Stephen F , Hudelson Sarah E , Piwowar-Manning Estelle , McCauley Marybeth , Gamble Theresa , Wilson Ethan A , Kumwenda Johnstone , Hosseinipour Mina C , Hakim James G , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Chariyalertsak Suwat , Pilotto Jose H , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Mills Lisa A , Makhema Joseph , Santos Breno R , Chen Ying Q , Quinn Thomas C , Fraser Christophe , Cohen Myron S , Eshleman Susan H , Laeyendecker Oliver 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated use of phylogenetic methods to predict the direction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission.MethodsFor 33 pairs of HIV-infected patients (hereafter, “index patients”) and their partners who acquired genetically linked HIV infection during the study, samples were collected from partners and index patients close to the time when the partner seroconverted (hereafter, “SC samples”); for 31 pairs, samples collected from the index patient at an earlier time point (hereafter, “early index samples”) were also available. Phylogenies were inferred using env next-generation sequences (1 tree per pair/subtype). The direction of transmission (DoT) predicted from each tree was classified as correct or incorrect on the basis of which sequences (those from the index patient or the partner) were closest to the root. DoT was also assessed using maximum parsimony to infer ancestral node states for 100 bootstrap trees.ResultsDoT was predicted correctly for both single-pair and subtype-specific trees in 22 pairs (67%) by using SC samples and in 23 pairs (74%) by using early index samples. DoT was predicted incorrectly for 4 pairs (15%) by using SC or early index samples. In the bootstrap analysis, DoT was predicted correctly for 18 pairs (55%) by using SC samples and for 24 pairs (73%) by using early index samples. DoT was predicted incorrectly for 7 pairs (21%) by using SC samples and for 4 pairs (13%) by using early index samples.ConclusionsPhylogenetic methods based solely on the tree topology of HIV env sequences, particularly without consideration of phylogenetic uncertainty, may be insufficient for determining DoT.
Population-Centric Counterinsurgency in the Age of Salafi-Driven Insurgencies
Authors: Eke Surulola 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article explores the relevance of the dominant, population-centered, counterinsurgency doctrine in an era dominated by Salafi-inspired state challengers. Building on Weinstein's (2007) argument, I argue that an insurgent group's emergent nature, shaped by its origin, affects how it will operate and the kind of strategy most likely to defeat it. I investigate the plausibility of my claims through an examination of Boko Haram. I demonstrate the disconnect between Boko Haram's Salafi ideology and its objective of establishing a caliphate, on the one hand, and the strategy of dialogue and socioeconomic reforms to end the insurgency, on the other. In light of this disjuncture, I argue that the key to Boko Haram's defeat lies in the mobilization of international military and intelligence resources to strengthen the Nigerian government's enemy-centered counterinsurgency operation against the group.
Bureaucracy, Community, and Land: The Resettlement of Meos in Mewat, 1949–50
Authors: Ankit Rakesh 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article documents in detail hitherto unavailable what Shail Mayaram called an “onslaught by the modern bureaucracy of the postcolonial state” on the liminally placed Meo community in the Mewat region, comprising the former princely states of Alwar and Bharatpur and the Gurgaon district of the former province of East Punjab. A people well-described as “in-between Hinduism and Islam,” the Meo community found itself, at a time of “two-nation” theory and consequent “partition politics,” a misfit. This article begins in 1949, when existing accounts of the story of the Meos end and traces the fraught process of their reterritorialization on their own land, now part of a partitioned nation state. Given the current ascendant culturally nationalist Indian state and society, it represents the Mewat of 1949–50 as a community lab of the early Indian nation state; tests its claims of parity, equality, and freedom; and provides a “prehistory” of the contemporary violence there.