bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Device Connectivity Challenges Outline the Technical Requirements and Standards For Promoting Big Data Research and Personalized Medicine in Neurocritical Care
Authors: Rodriguez Anna , Smielewski Peter , Rosenthal Eric , Moberg Dick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBrain injuries are complicated medical problems and their management requires data from disparate sources to extract actionable information. In neurocritical care, interoperability is lacking despite the perceived benefits. Several efforts have been underway, but none have been widely adopted, underscoring the difficulty of achieving this goal. We have identified the current pain points of data collection and integration based on the experience with two large multi-site clinical studies: Transforming Research And Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) in the United States and Collaborative European Neuro Trauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) in Europe. The variability of measurements across sites remains a barrier to uniform data collection. We found a need for annotation standards and for a standardized archive format for high-resolution data. Overall, the hidden cost for successful data collection was initially underestimated.Although the use of bedside data integration solutions, such as the Moberg’s Component Neuromonitoring System (Moberg Research, Inc., Ambler, PA, USA) or ICM+ software (Cambridge Enterprise, Cambridge, UK), facilitated the homogenous collection of synchronized data, there remain issues that need to be addressed by the neurocritical care community. To this end, we have organized a Working Group on Neurocritical Care Informatics, whose next step is to create an overarching informatics framework that takes advantage of the collected information to answer scientific questions and to accelerate the translation of trial results to actions benefitting military medicine.
ASASSN-16dt and ASASSN-16hg: Promising candidate period bouncers
Authors: Kimura Mariko , Isogai Keisuke , Kato Taichi , Taguchi Kenta , Wakamatsu Yasuyuki , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Monard Berto , Myers Gordon , Dvorak Shawn , Starr Peter , Brincat Stephen M , de Miguel Enrique , Ulowetz Joseph , Itoh Hiroshi , Stone Geoff , Nogami Daisaku 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present optical photometry of superoutbursts that occurred in 2016 of two WZ Sge-type dwarf novae (DNe), ASASSN-16dt and ASASSN-16hg. Their light curves showed a dip in brightness between the first plateau stage with no ordinary superhumps (or early superhumps) and the second plateau stage with ordinary superhumps. We find that the dip is produced by the slow evolution of the 3 : 1 resonance tidal instability and that it would likely be observed in low mass-ratio objects. An estimated mass ratio (q ≡ M2/M1) from the period of developing (stage A) superhumps [0.06420(3) d] was 0.036(2) in ASASSN-16dt. Additionally, its superoutburst has many properties similar to those in other low-q WZ Sge-type DNe: long-lasting stage-A superhumps, small superhump amplitudes, long delay of ordinary-superhump appearances, and a slow decline rate in the plateau stage with superhumps. Its very small mass ratio and observational characteristics suggest that this system is one of the best candidates for a period bouncer—a binary accounting for the missing population of post-period minimum cataclysmic variables. Although it is not clearly verified due to the lack of detection of stage-A superhumps, ASASSN-16hg might be a possible candidate for period bouncers on the basis of the morphology of its light curves and the small superhump amplitudes. Many outburst properties of period bouncer candidates would originate from the small tidal effects of their secondary stars.
Does losing a parent early influence the education you obtain? A nationwide cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Høeg B L , Johansen C , Christensen J , Frederiksen K , Dalton S Oksbjerg , Bøge P , Dencker A , Dyregrov A , Bidstrup P E 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Health inequalities are rooted in education and we investigate the association between early parental death and attainment across the educational spectrum.

Methods
Using total population data on Danes born between 1982 and 2000 (n = 1 043 813), we assess incidence rate ratios (RRs) by gender for attainment of each educational level (basic school, high school or vocational training, bachelor degree or professional programme, and university graduate degree) according to loss of a parent before the age of 18 years. We adjust for family income, education and psychiatric illness and examine parent’s gender, cause of death and child’s age at time of death as potential moderators.

Results
Bereaved people had significantly lower attainment rates than non-bereaved people: basic school (RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93–0.97 for men and 0.96; 0.94–0.98 for women), high school or vocational training (0.78; 0.76–0.80 for men and 0.82; 0.80–0.84 for women), bachelor degree or professional programme (0.74; 0.70–0.79 for men and 0.83; 0.79–0.86 for women) and university graduate degree (0.77; 0.68–0.86 for men and 0.77; 0.69–0.86 for women). Parent’s gender, cause of death and child’s age at the death did not modify the associations.

Conclusions
As education impacts population health, support for bereaved school children may be more important than realized.
From pure science to participatory knowledge production? Researchers’ perceptions on science–policy interface in bioenergy policy
Authors: Saarela Sanna-Riikka 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
There is a plea for dialogue and interaction between researchers and policymakers, particularly in relation to burning and complex societal problems. However, day-to-day science–policy interaction remains a challenge. By investigating researchers’ perspectives on challenges and opportunities of evolving interaction between science and policy, this article contributes to the ongoing discussions on workable and effective science–policy interface. The analysis, based on twelve in-depth interviews with experienced forest bioenergy researchers working at different organizations in Finland, shows that researchers appreciate a variety of roles and contributions from pure scientist to participatory knowledge production. Paradoxically, researchers ideologically still adhere to objective and linear knowledge production, which is, however, associated with multiple challenges such as politicization of science, disuse or misuse of scientific knowledge and communication. The article concludes that more nuanced consideration and acknowledgement of science–policy context as well as researchers’ role in it could create mutual benefits for research and policy.
Extreme work hours in Western Europe and North America: diverging trends since the 1970s
Authors: Burger Anna S 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article presents a political economy analysis of extreme work hours in 18 advanced Western economies since the 1970s. Empirically, it shows that the culture of long work hours has gained significance not only in the Anglo-Saxon but also in most Continental European welfare states. Theoretically, it provides an institutionalist argument against the neoclassical, or supply-side, point of view on the drivers of long work hours in post-industrial labour markets. It demonstrates that the choice to work long hours is not entirely, or even mainly, left to the preference of the individual. Instead, individual choices are constrained by labour market policies, collective bargaining institutions and new labour market structures, the pattern and trends of which do not necessarily follow the contours of the regime typology. Data on extreme work hours was compiled from the Luxembourg Income Study and the Multinational Time Use Study micro-data collections.
National Internal Medicine Milestone Ratings: Validity Evidence From Longitudinal Three-Year Follow-up
Authors: Hauer Karen E. , Vandergrift Jonathan , Lipner Rebecca S. , Holmboe Eric S. , Hood Sarah , McDonald Furman S. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeTo evaluate validity evidence for internal medicine milestone ratings across programs for three resident cohorts by quantifying “not assessable” ratings; reporting mean longitudinal milestone ratings for individual residents; and correlating medical knowledge ratings across training years with certification examination scores to determine predictive validity of milestone ratings for certification outcomes.MethodThis retrospective study examined milestone ratings for postgraduate year (PGY) 1–3 residents in U.S. internal medicine residency programs. Data sources included milestone ratings, program characteristics, and certification examination scores.ResultsAmong 35,217 participants, there was a decreased percentage with “not assessable” ratings across years: 1,566 (22.5%) PGY1s in 2013–2014 versus 1,219 (16.6%) in 2015–2016 (P= .01), and 342 (5.1%) PGY3s in 2013–2014 versus 177 (2.6%) in 2015–2016 (P= .04). For individual residents with three years of ratings, mean milestone ratings increased from around 3 (behaviors of an early learner or advancing resident) in PGY1 (ranging from a mean of 2.73 to 3.19 across subcompetencies) to around 4 (ready for unsupervised practice) in PGY3 (mean of 4.00 to 4.22 across subcompetencies,P< .001 for all subcompetencies). For each increase of 0.5 units in two medical knowledge (MK1, MK2) subcompetency ratings, the difference in examination scores for PGY3s was 19.5 points for MK1 (P< .001) and 19.0 for MK2 (P< .001).ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence of validity of the milestones by showing how training programs have applied them over time and how milestones predict other training outcomes.
Educational Interventions to Improve Handover in Health Care: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Gordon Morris , Hill Elaine , Stojan Jennifer N. , Daniel Michelle 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Effective handovers (handoffs) are vital to patient safety. Medical educators investigated educational interventions to improve handovers in a 2011 systematic review. The number of publications on handover education has increased since then, so authors undertook this updated review.

Method
The authors considered studies involving educational interventions to improve handover amongst undergraduate or postgraduate health professionals in acute care settings. In September 2016, two authors independently conducted a standardized search of online databases and completed a data extraction and quality assessment of the articles included. They conducted a content analysis of and extracted key themes from the interventions described.

Results
Eighteen reports met the inclusion criteria. All but two were based in the United States. Interventions most commonly involved single-patient exercises based on simulation and role-play. Many studies mentioned multiprofessional education or practice, but interventions occurred largely in single-professional contexts. Analysis of interventions revealed three major themes: facilitating information management, reducing the potential for errors, and improving confidence. The majority of studies assessed Kirkpatrick’s outcomes of satisfaction and knowledge/skill improvement (Levels 1 and 2). The strength of conclusions was generally weak.

Conclusions
Despite increased interest in and publications on handover, the quality of published research remains poor. Inadequate reporting of interventions, especially as they relate to educational theory, pedagogy, curricula, and resource requirements, continues to impede replication. Weaknesses in methodologies, length of follow-up, and scope of outcomes evaluation (Kirkpatrick levels) persist. Future work to address these issues, and to consider the role of multiprofessional and multiple-patient handovers, is vital.
Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib and PHiD-CV When Coadministered With MenACWY-TT in Infants
Authors: Merino Arribas Jose Manuel , Carmona Martínez Alfonso , Horn Michael , Perez Porcuna Xavier Maria , Otero Reigada Maria del Carmen , Marès Bermúdez Josep , Centeno Malfaz Fernando , Miranda Mariano , Mendez Maria , Garcia Cabezas Miguel Angel , Christoph Wittermann , Bleckmann Gerhard , Fischbach Thomas , Kolhe Devayani , Van der Wielen Marie , Baine Yaela 
Published: April 2018

Background:
This study evaluated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated poliovirus virus-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib) and a 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) coadministered with a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) in infants/toddlers.

Methods:
In this open, controlled, phase III study (NCT01144663), 2095 healthy infants were randomized (1:1:1:1) into 4 groups to receive MenACWY-TT at 2, 3, 4 and 12 months of age or MenACWY-TT, MenC-CRM197, or MenC-TT at 2, 4 and 12 months of age. All participants received PHiD-CV and DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib at 2, 3, 4 and 12 months of age. Immunogenicity of DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib was evaluated in exclusive randomized subsets of 25% of participants from each group postprimary, prebooster and postbooster vaccination, whereas immunogenicity of PHiD-CV was evaluated at all time points. Reactogenicity was evaluated on the total vaccinated cohorts during 8 days after each vaccination.

Results:
For each DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib antigen, ≥97.2%, ≥76.5% and ≥97.9% of participants had seropositive/seroprotective levels 1 month postprimary vaccination, before the booster dose and 1 month postbooster, respectively. For each vaccine pneumococcal serotype, ≥74.0% of infants had antibody concentrations ≥0.35 μg/mL at 1 month postprimary vaccination, and robust increases in antibody geometric mean concentrations were observed from prebooster to postbooster. Redness was the most frequent solicited local symptom at the DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib and PHiD-CV injection sites, reported after up to 47.7% and 57.0% of doses postprimary and postbooster vaccination, respectively.

Conclusions:
Primary and booster vaccinations of infants/toddlers with DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib and PHiD-CV coadministered with MenACWY-TT were immunogenic with clinically acceptable reactogenicity profiles. These results support the coadministration of MenACWY-TT with routine childhood vaccines.
Back to Basics: Adherence With Guidelines for Glucose and Temperature Control in an American Comprehensive Stroke Center Sample
Authors: Alexandrov Anne W. , Palazzo Paola , Biby Sharon , Doerr Abbigayle , Dusenbury Wendy , Young Rhonda , Lindstrom Anne , Grove Mary , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Middleton Sandy , Alexandrov Andrei V. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Background: Variance from guideline-directed care for glucose and temperature control remains unknown in the United States at a time when priorities have shifted to ensure rapid diagnosis and treatment of acute stroke patients. However, protocol-driven nursing surveillance for control of hyperglycemia and hyperthermia has been shown to improve patient outcomes. Methods: We conducted an observational pilot study to assess compliance with American guidelines for glucose and temperature control and association with discharge outcomes in consecutive acute stroke patients admitted to 5 US comprehensive stroke centers. Data for the first 5 days of stroke admission were collected from electronic medical records and entered and analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Student t tests, and logistic regression. Results: A total of 1669 consecutive glucose and 3782 consecutive temperature measurements were taken from a sample of 235 acute stroke patients; the sample was 87% ischemic and 13% intracerebral hemorrhage. Poor glucose control was found in 33% of patients, and the most frequent control method ordered (35%) was regular insulin sliding scale without basal dosing. Poor temperature control was noted in 10%, and 39% did not have temperature recorded in the emergency department. Lower admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and well-controlled glucose were independent predictors of favorable outcome (discharge modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) in reperfusion patients. Conclusion: Glucose and temperature control may be overlooked in this era of rapid stroke diagnosis and treatment. Acute stroke nurses are well positioned to assume leadership of glucose and temperature monitoring and treatment.
Methods of Identifying Limb Dominance in Adolescent Female Basketball Players: Implications for Clinical and Biomechanical Research
Authors: Mulrey Colleen R. , Shultz Sandra J. , Ford Kevin R. , Nguyen Anh-Dung , Taylor Jeffrey B. 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
To identify relationships between self-reported limb preferences and performance measures for determining limb dominance in adolescent female basketball players.

Design:
Cross-sectional cohort study.

Participants:
Forty adolescent female basketball players.

Independent Variables and Main Outcome Measures:
Participants provided self-reported preferred kicking and jumping limbs, then completed 3 trials of a single-limb countermovement hop (HOPVER) and unilateral triple hop for distance (HOPHOR) on each limb. Each test was used to independently define limb dominance by the limb that produced the largest maximum vertical height and horizontal distance, respectively.

Results:
Chi-square tests for independence identified a significant relationship between self-reported preferred kicking and jumping legs (χ2 = 7.41, P = 0.006). However, no significant relationships were found when comparing self-reported preference to measures of performance during the HOPHOR (χ2 = 0.33, P = 0.57) or HOPVER (χ2 = 0.06, P = 0.80). In addition, the 2 performance measures did not consistently produce the same definition of limb dominance among individuals (χ2 = 1.52, P = 0.22).

Conclusions:
Self-selection of the dominant limb is unrelated to performance. Furthermore, limb dominance, as defined by vertical jump height, is unrelated to limb dominance defined by horizontal jump distance. The results of this study call into question the validity of consistently defining limb dominance by self-reported measures in adolescent female basketball players.
Circadian clock neurons mediate time-of-day dependent responses to light
Authors: Jones Jeff R. , Simon Tatiana , Lones Lorenzo , Herzog Erik D. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTCircadian (~24 h) rhythms influence nearly all aspects of physiology, including sleep/wake, metabolism, and hormone release. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes these daily rhythms to the external light cycle, but the mechanisms by which this occurs is unclear. The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is the predominant contributor to synchrony within the SCN and is important for circadian light responses, but the role of VIP neurons themselves is unclear. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that rhythmic SCN VIP neurons mediate circadian light responses. Using in vivo fiber photometry recording of SCN VIP neurons we found daily rhythms in spontaneous calcium events that peaked during the subjective day and in light-evoked calcium events that exhibited the greatest response around subjective dusk. These rhythms were correlated with spontaneous and NMDA-evoked VIP release from SCN VIP neurons in vitro. Finally, in vivo hyperpolarization of VIP neurons attenuated light-induced shifts of daily rhythms in locomotion. We conclude that SCN VIP neurons are circadian and depolarize to light to modulate entrainment of daily rhythms in the SCN and behavior.
The expression of class II major histocompatibility molecules on breast tumors delays T cell exhaustion, expands the T cell repertoire and slows tumor growth
Authors: McCaw Tyler R. , Li Mei , Starenki Dmytro , Cooper Sara J. , Meza-Perez Selene , Arend Rebecca C. , LoBuglio Albert F. , Buchsbaum Donald J. , Forero Andres , Randall Troy D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe expression of major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) on tumor cells correlates with survival and responsiveness to immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations are poorly defined. Using a murine breast tumor line, we tested how MHCII expression affected anti-tumor immunity. We found that MHCII-expressing tumors grew more slowly than controls and recruited more functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, MHCII-expressing tumors contained more TCR clonotypes expanded to a larger degree than control tumors. Functional CD8+ T cells in tumors depended on CD4+ T cells. However, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells eventually became exhausted, even in MHCII-expressing tumors. PD1 blockade had no impact on tumor growth, potentially because tumor cells poorly expressed PD-L1. These results suggest tumor cell expression of MHCII facilitates the local activation of CD4+ T cells and indirectly helps the activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells, but by itself, cannot prevent T cell exhaustion.PrécisThe expression of MHCII on tumor cells augments CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, expands the TCR repertoire and delays exhaustion. Hence, strategies to induce MHCII expression may be a powerful adjuvant to immunotherapeutic regimens of solid tumors.
Emergence of mosaic plasmids harboring Tn1546-ermBelement inStaphylococcus aureusisolates
Authors: Wan Tsai-Wen , Lin Yu-Tzu , Hung Wei-Chun , Tsai Jui-Chang , Liu Yu-Jung , Hsueh Po-Ren , Teng Lee-Jene 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance inStaphylococcus aureusis a major problem and the acquisition of resistance genes may occur by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The transposon, an important means of HGT, is recognized as a mobile genetic element that can integrate in plasmids, replicate and transfer to other strains. We have previously reported a novel structure of theEnterococcus faecium-originated Tn1546-ermBelement inS. aureus. The emergence of the Tn1546-like element is an emerging problem that requires continuous monitoring. In the present study, we expand the examination of Tn1546-ermBelement toermB-positive methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) (n = 116) andermB-positive methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) (n = 253) during a 16-year period, from 2000 to 2015. PCR mapping showed that 10 MSSA and 10 MRSA carried the Tn1546-ermBelement. The 10 MSSA belonged to three sequence types (ST), ST7 (n = 6), ST5 (n = 3), and ST59 (n = 1), and the 10 MRSA belonged to two STs, ST188 (n = 8) and ST965 (n = 2). Since only clonal complex 5 (including ST5, ST85, ST231, and ST371) MRSA, ST8 MRSA and ST5 MSSA have been previously reported to carry Tn1546plasmids, this is the first report describing the presence of the Tn1546-ermBelement in ST7/5/59 MSSA and ST188/965 MRSA. Plasmid sequencing revealed that the Tn1546-ermBelement was harbored by five different mosaic plasmids. In addition to resistance genes, some plasmids also harbored toxin genes.