bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Seeing ghosts’
Authors: Thakur Dipsikha 
Published: March 2018

This paper argues for the presence of the Gothic in the conventions, motifs and images in Henrik Ibsen's plays, which exists without compromising the realist mode of the works. It further argues that, in writing through this estranged engagement with spectrality, Ibsen is drawing from a rationalist, secular tradition that eschews the supernatural even while assigning spectrality a great deal of psychological importance. Hedda Gabler,A Doll's House,GhostsandThe Master Builderare plays that deploy a narrative mode that provides a convergence of two parallel modes into the hybrid form of Gothic realism. The paper proposes an examination of the Gothic beyond the initial and most immediate criterion of the supernatural, and shall investigate the ways in which Ibsen's primarily realist plays are populated by Gothic narrative logic that manifests itself through the conventions ofunheimlich, violent deaths and dysfunctional, claustrophobic domestic space.
Walking on ashes: insect trace fossils from Laetoli indicate poor grass cover associated with early hominin environments
Authors: Genise Jorge F. , Harrison Terry 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMore than 4000 insect trace fossils collected in recent years from Pliocene deposits at Laetoli in northern Tanzania provide new insights on early hominin palaeoenvironments. These trace fossils include: Fictovichnus gobiensis, Coprinisphaera murguiai, C. kheprii, Coprinisphaera ispp., Quirogaichnus isp., Teisseirei linguatus isp. nov., Celliforma ritchiei isp. nov., C. spirifer, C. germanica, C. cfr. curvata, Celliforma ispp., Rosellichnus isp., Vondrichnus planoglobus, Laetolichnus kwekai igen. et isp. nov. and Krausichnidae indet. They reveal that at least one species of moth, three dung beetles and five other coleopterans, nine taxa of solitary bees, and an indeterminate number of taxa of termites inhabited the Lower Laetolil environments. The Upper Laetolil environments, which have yielded a rich diversity of vertebrate fossils, including the early hominin Australopithecus afarensis and its putative footprints, supported several taxa of termites, one dung beetle, five other coleopterans, and eleven taxa of bees. The Upper Ndolanya environments, which have yielded the hominin Paranthropus aethiopicus, record four taxa of dung beetles, four other coleopterans, and two taxa of bees. The record of larval mortality and lack of intruder activity, revealed by the absence of emergence and intruder traces, may be associated with the anoxic/hypoxic conditions caused by the instantaneous burial of soils under thick volcanic ashes. The record of the Celliforma Ichnofacies in the Upper Laetolil environments indicates the dominance of shrubland to woodland with limited grass cover. This is supported also by the absence of Coprinisphaera, which suggests a scarcity of fresh grasses and a low abundance of large mammal grazers.
Emergence of African species of dermatophytes in tinea capitis: A 17‐year experience in a Montreal pediatric hospital
Authors: Marcoux Danielle , Dang Julie , Auguste Hedwige , McCuaig Catherine , Powell Julie , Hatami Afshin , Maari Catherine , Le Meur Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAn increase in dermatophyte infections caused by African species is reported in countries receiving African immigrants. Our goal was to determine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of tinea capitis in children infected with African species of dermatophytes in Montreal, Canada.MethodsDemographic and clinical data from medical records of children infected with African species of dermatophytes were retrieved retrospectively (2000‐2016) at Sainte‐Justine University Hospital Center.ResultsIn Montreal, the number of tinea capitis cases caused by African species of dermatophytes increased sixfold over 17 years. African immigrant children (84%), men and boys (61%), and preschoolers (2‐5 years old) (51%) were the most frequently affected in our 315 cases. Family contamination was frequent (45%). Referring physicians prescribed systemic antifungal treatment in 39% of cases and pediatric dermatologist consultants in 90%. Treatment failure to oral terbinafine occurred in 39% of Microsporum audouinii infections.ConclusionIn Montreal, there was a significant increase in tinea capitis caused by African species of dermatophytes. Microsporum audouinii is highly transmissible and often resistant to oral terbinafine. Recognizing tinea capitis trends in a given environment will improve patient care.
Patterns of topical corticosteroids prescriptions in children with asthma
Authors: Arabkhazaeli Ali , Vijverberg Susanne J. H. , van der Lee Maaike , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Bruijnzeel‐Koomen Carla A. , de Bruin‐Weller Marjolein S. , Raaijmakers Jan A. , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo study topical corticosteroid use in Dutch asthmatic children using pharmacy dispensing data and to assess whether Dutch physicians prescribe topical corticosteroids in this population according to clinical guidelines.MethodsMedication histories of children using asthma medication were extracted from the pharmacy dispensing system in 100 Dutch community pharmacies. The incidence rate and the potency of topical corticosteroid prescriptions per age were assessed. The topical corticosteroid incidence rates of the different age groups were compared using the Pearson chi‐square test. Generalized linear models were used to study the prescription behavior of general practitioners and atopic dermatitis‐related specialists regarding different classes of topical corticosteroids.ResultsThirty percent of the infants received a topical corticosteroid prescription, compared with 15%‐18% of the children aged 4 and older. Similarly, the mean number of topical corticosteroid prescriptions in infants was 2.2 per year, compared with 1.6‐1.9 in children aged 4 and older. In concordance with the clinical guidelines, we observed that atopic dermatitis‐related specialists more often prescribed first prescriptions of potent and very potent topical corticosteroids than general practitioners (relative risk = 2.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.79‐3.63). Statistically significant differences (P < .01) were found between potencies of prescribed topical corticosteroids.ConclusionYounger children receive more topical corticosteroid prescriptions than children aged 4 and older, and there is a statistically significantly higher prescription rate of topical corticosteroid for infants. Sometimes general practitioners do not follow guidelines and prescribe more‐potent topical corticosteroids without a prior prescription of the same potency by a specialist.
Speckled lentiginous nevus: A rare presentation associated with motor neuropathy and muscular atrophy in a child
Authors: Greywal Tanya , Matiz Catalina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpeckled lentiginous nevus syndrome has been described in individuals with a speckled lentiginous nevus with rare associated neurologic deficits. Because speckled lentiginous nevus syndrome almost always affects adults, it is not typically considered when evaluating children. We present the first reported case of speckled lentiginous nevus syndrome presenting in a young child with muscle atrophy and motor deficits affecting muscles along the same distribution as the speckled lentiginous nevus.
Prevalence and risk factors of halitosis in Japanese school children
Authors: Ueno Masayuki , Ohnuki Mari , Zaitsu Takashi , Takehara Sachiko , Furukawa Sayaka , Kawaguchi Yoko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundLittle data are available regarding halitosis in Japanese children. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with halitosis in Japanese elementary and junior high school children.MethodsThe subjects consisted of 520 elementary (1st–6th grade: boys, n = 284; girls, n = 236) and 248 junior high (7th–9th grade: boys, n = 136; girls, n = 112) school children aged 6–15 years in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. A self‐administered questionnaire survey; halitosis measurement using an organoleptic assessment method; and clinical oral examination were conducted.ResultsOverall, 44.9% of subjects had halitosis. The proportion of boys with halitosis was 43.6% and that of girls was 46.6%. On logistic regression analysis, grade and tongue coating were significant predictors of halitosis. The 7th–9th graders were significantly more likely to have halitosis than 1st–3rd graders (OR, 1.83; P = 0.007). Subjects with area of tongue coating score 2 or 3 were 5.51‐fold more likely to present with halitosis (P < 0.001) than those with area of tongue coating score 0 or 1. Similarly, subjects with thickness of tongue coating score 2 or 3 were 3.28‐fold more likely to have halitosis than those with thickness of tongue coating score 0 or 1 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsHalitosis in the school children is not a rare condition; instead, its occurrence is relatively high. Therefore, inclusion of a halitosis prevention and management component in school oral health programs would lead to the promotion of overall oral health.
Reading and Character: Weil and McDowell on Naïve Realism and Second Nature
Authors: Heiti Warren 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBoth Simone Weil and John McDowell analogize value or meaning to sensations such as colour or heat, and this analogy is a strategy for resisting anti‐realism. However, McDowell's analogy tacitly accepts the very dualism which he is criticizing, while Weil's analogy is both more naïve and more radical than his. Like McDowell, Weil argues that virtuous character is the actualization of a second nature, but she emphasizes the role of the body in this process. Fully trained, the agent's body is a transparent medium through which she reads circumstances – and through which the circumstances, clearly perceived, express themselves in action.
What do anti‐Toxoplasma gondii IgA and IgG subclasses in human saliva indicate?
Authors: Cañedo‐Solares I. , Gómez‐Chávez F. , Luna‐Pastén H. , Ortiz‐Alegría L. B. , Flores‐García Y. , Figueroa‐Damián R. , Macedo‐Romero C. A. , Correa D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryDiagnostic tests for toxoplasmosis are based on serological techniques due to their high sensitivity. Some IgG subclasses are related to clinical outcome in the congenital form. In this work, we determined the levels of IgG, IgA, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 anti‐Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in paired saliva and serum samples from 91 women by indirect ELISA using a crude extract of the RH strain. The levels of IgA, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 antibodies and, to a lesser extent, IgG1 did not correlate between saliva and serum, that is, most cases that were positive for one Ig class in a sample were negative or very low in the other, and vice versa. We also observed that most samples of saliva that were positive for one IgG subclass were also positive for at least 2 of the other 3; this contrasted with findings in serum, wherein each person was positive almost exclusively for one subclass, as demonstrated before by us and other researchers. Although these findings are disappointing for the use in diagnosis, the richer response in saliva might indicate local exposure to T. gondii antigens without systemic infection; thus, saliva might be reflecting a local (protective?) response against this protozoan.
Functional dimorphic enantiostyly in monomorphic enantiostylous species of the subtribe Cassiinae (Fabaceae‐Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Almeida N. M. , Souza J. T. , Oliveira C. R. S. , Bezerra T. T. , Novo R. R. , Siqueira Filho J. A. , Oliveira P. E. , Castro C. C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Monomorphic enantiostylous species produce flowers with a displacement of the style to the left (L) or right (R) on the same individual, and may exhibit different dynamics for the production of these floral types, which may influence levels of selfing.
We investigated the production dynamics of L and R floral types in seven species and a variety of monomorphic enantiostylous species of the genera Senna and Chamaecrista. Our hypothesis was that most species present similar proportions of floral morphs each day. Individuals were classified daily over a period of 7 days according to the functional status, i.e. the proportion of floral morphs as functionally L, R or reciprocal (REC, i.e. similar proportions of the two floral morphs), and also according to the number of consecutive days in which they exhibited the same functional status.
All species presented low daily flower production. Most species had individuals classified as functionally R, L and REC, and tend to repeat the same functional status over a few days, although they may change functional status during the flowering period. All species exhibited individuals that were classified as functionally reciprocal when both the daily and total number of flowers produced over 7 days was considered. The occurrence of different functional status has not yet been reported in the literature for enantiostylous species.
The distinct strategies observed in the dynamics of floral morph production seemed likely to minimise geitonogamy and to favour cross‐pollination between individuals (xenogamy).
Sensitivity cycling in physically dormant seeds of the Neotropical tree Senna multijuga (Fabaceae)
Authors: Rodrigues‐Junior A. G. , Baskin C. C. , Baskin J. M. , Garcia Q. S. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Cycling of sensitivity to physical dormancy (PY) break has been documented in herbaceous species. However, it has not been reported in tree seeds, nor has the effect of seed size on sensitivity to PY‐breaking been evaluated in any species. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate how PY is broken in seeds of the tropical legume tree Senna multijuga, if seeds exhibit sensitivity cycling and if seed size affects induction into sensitivity.

Dormancy and germination were evaluated in intact and scarified seeds from two collections of S. multijuga. The effects of temperature, moisture and seed size on induction of sensitivity to dormancy‐breaking were assessed, and seasonal changes in germination and persistence of buried seeds were determined. Reversal of sensitivity was also investigated.

Fresh seeds were insensitive to dormancy break at wet–high temperatures, and an increase in sensitivity occurred in buried seeds after they experienced low temperatures during winter (dry season). Temperatures ≤20 °C increased sensitivity, whereas temperatures ≥30 °C decreased it regardless of moisture conditions. Dormancy was broken in sensitive seeds by incubating them at 35 °C. Sensitivity could be reversed, and large seeds were more sensitive than small seeds to sensitivity induction.

Seeds of S. multijuga exhibit sensitivity cycling to PY‐breaking. Seeds become sensitive during winter and can germinate with the onset of the spring–summer rainy season in Brazil. Small seeds are slower to become sensitive than large ones, and this may be a mechanism by which germination is spread over time. Sensitive seeds that fail to germinate become insensitive during exposure to drought during summer. This is the first report of sensitivity cycling in a tree species.
Joint Control of Emissions Permit Trading and Production Involving Fixed and Variable Transaction Costs
Authors: Yuan Quan , Chen Youhua (Frank) , Yang Jian , Zhou Yun 
Published: March 2018

The use of permit markets to mitigate harmful emissions is on the rise. When participating in such a market, an emitting firm needs to acquire from it permits that cover emissions resulting from production. Thus, it has to simultaneously cope with fluctuating permit prices and random demand, and also juggle between the activities of permit trading and permit‐consuming production. We shed light on this complex dynamic control problem, while confronting difficulties brought on by fixed as well as variable transaction costs associated with permit trading. We exploit K‐convexity variants that are suitable for two‐dimensional control, and achieve the partial characterization of optimal control policies. When the selling of permits is prohibited, we prescribe an ( s, S)‐type permit purchasing policy. For the more general case involving two‐way trading, we find it optimal to carry out trading in a three‐interval fashion. Heuristics, including one based on the uncoupling of trading and production activities, are introduced. Their effectiveness has been illustrated in computational studies.
The Future of Leadership in Public Universities: Is Shared Leadership the Answer?
Authors: Pearce Craig L. , Wood Bob G. , Wassenaar Christina L. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Leadership of public universities has come under fire—from scandals, from funding, from students, from every direction. Top‐down leadership of institutions of higher education has been described as a “disease.” Shared governance—a mechanism of faculty representation in the leadership and decision‐making processes—a seeming alternative, has been described as “a recipe for paralysis.” In this article, the authors proffer shared leadership as a potential elixir for leading public institutions of higher learning, unleashing creative potential, focusing on pressing strategic imperatives, and enabling sustainable systems that leverage true talent to maximum effect. It is time to move beyond the moribund myth of top‐down heroic leadership and beyond the bureaucratic, political quagmire of the current state of affairs in shared governance. Is shared leadership the answer?
Self-Exciting Point Processes with Spatial Covariates: Modelling the Dynamics of Crime
Authors: Reinhart Alex , Greenhouse Joel 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCrime has both varying patterns in space, related to features of the environment, economy and policing, and patterns in time arising from criminal behaviour, such as retaliation. Serious crimes may also be presaged by minor crimes of disorder. We demonstrate that these spatial and temporal patterns are generally confounded, requiring analyses to take both into account, and propose a spatiotemporal self-exciting point process model that incorporates spatial features, near repeat and retaliation effects, and triggering. We develop inference methods and diagnostic tools, such as residual maps, for this model, and through extensive simulation and crime data obtained from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, demonstrate its properties and usefulness.
The Evolution of Problems Underlying the EU Agricultural Policy Regime
Authors: Kuhmonen Tuomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article conceptualises the common agricultural policy (CAP) of the European Union as a policy regime. Policy regimes are defined as meso‐level, problem‐related, dynamically stable, multidimensional governance arrangements consisting of substantive and institutional elements. Utilising the policy regime as the unit of analysis makes it possible to study the lifespan of a certain policy with many levels of abstraction (paradigm, dimensions, elements, topics). This meso‐level focus provides a meaningful way to explain or anticipate regime change and stability based on diverse sources. In this study, an empirical analysis of policy documents exposes the lifespan of the problems underlying the CAP regime. The analysis assesses the stability of the CAP state‐assisted agriculture paradigm, the smooth diversification of the CAP elements and the volatile ups and downs of the CAP topics. Policy design and delivery has become the most extensively considered problem of the CAP, whereas the other dimensions (farms, consumers, regions, markets and trade, environment, taxpayers and budget) have converged towards a more balanced setting. As problems precede policy solutions, the design and delivery of the CAP could be the next target of major reforms.
A Relational Perspective on Everyday Mobility in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region: Individual and Household‐Related Differences in Daily Travel Time
Authors: Delclòs‐Alió Xavier , Miralles‐Guasch Carme 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe collective dimension of everyday life plays a key role on how daily mobility patterns are drawn, especially considering relationships at the household level. However, previous literature regarding spatiotemporal behaviour has, above all, focused on individual characteristics detached from their immediate social contexts. By adopting a relational perspective this paper aims to explore how the combination of individual and household‐related variables can exert different mobilities in a Mediterranean metropolis such as Barcelona. Based on travel times and trip purposes reported in a traditional travel survey, both gender and social status are first confirmed as significant factors shaping daily mobility. Second, the relationships in the household emerge as relevant as individual characteristics when understanding one's everyday mobility patterns. In particular, the presence of children is regarded as a clear spatiotemporal constrictor, which is especially acute for women.
Inference and analysis across spatial supports in the big data era: Uncertain point observations and geographic contexts
Authors: Robertson Colin , Feick Rob 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe ways in which geographic information are produced have expanded rapidly over recent decades. These advances have provided new opportunities for geographical information science and spatial analysis—allowing the tools and theories to be expanded to new domain areas and providing the impetus for theory and methodological development. In this light, old problems of inference and analysis are rediscovered and need to be reinterpreted, and new ones are made apparent. This article describes a new typology of geographical analysis problems that relates to uncertainties in the relationship between individual‐level data, represented as point features, and the geographic context(s) that they are associated with. We describe how uncertainty in context linkage (uncertain geographic context problem) is also related to, but distinct from, uncertainty in point‐event locations (uncertain point observation problem) and how these issues can impact spatial analysis. A case study analysis of a geosocial dataset demonstrates how alternative conclusions can result from failure to account for these sources of uncertainty. Sources of point observation uncertainties common in many forms of user‐generated and big spatial data are outlined and methods for dealing with them are reviewed and discussed.