bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P: 77 The Contribution of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Choroid Plexus to the Pathology of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Jayakumar Arumugam R. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT:
Cerebral edema and associated increase in intracranial pressure, along with brain herniation are the major complications found in patients with acute liver failure (Type A HE or acute hepatic encephalopathy, AHE) which represents the most frequent cause of death in these patients. The preponderance of experimental evidence favors a cytotoxic mechanism, and the only cell in brain that undergoes such swelling are astrocytes. While there is no evidence of blood-brain barrier break-down in patients or in experimental animals with AHE, it is unclear how a sustained astrocyte swelling (cytotoxic brain edema) occurring in AHE, ultimately results in increased intracranial pressure, brain herniation and subsequent coma and death in these patients. A major brain component that may be involved in the edema development is the choroid plexus, since epithelial cells of the choroid plexus produce cerebrospinal fluid. Under CNS pathological conditions, the barrier function of blood-CSF barrier is altered, along with changes in the ependyma, leading to a seepage of fluid out of the ventricular system, ultimately resulting in brain edema, along with the entry of inflammatory cells into the brain parenchyma. In preliminary studies, we found activated mast cells in the choroid plexus of the liver toxin thioacetamide (TAA)-treated rats, and such activation significantly increased cytokine production, histamine release and decreased levels of growth factors including platelet derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, fibroblast growth factor. We also found increased levels of the water channel proteins aquaporin 1 and 4 (AQP-1/AQP-4) in TAA-treated rat brain choroid plexus, and increased brain edema, while inhibition of mast cell activation diminished both AQP levels, as well as brain edema development. These findings strongly suggest that acute liver failure stimulates the activation of choroid plexus mast cells and the subsequent inflammation and AQP1/4 expression, which ultimately contributes to the sustained cytotoxic brain edema found in AHE. We anticipate that studies aimed at a better understanding of the role of choroid plexus inflammatory events in the development of brain edema associated with AHE, will greatly facilitate the identification of agents capable of ameliorating this debilitating condition.
P: 80 Optimizing the Performance of the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) for the Diagnosis of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Jackson Clive D. , Marks Michael , Morgan Marsha Y. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
PHES is the most established test for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The availability of normative data to adjust for potential confounding variable is a necessity. However, there are other variables which may confound the performance of the PHES test and might result in the misclassification of patients, including: (i) the confounding variables used for test correction; (ii) possible interactions between the corrections variables; (ii) the scoring of the line tracing test (LTT) and (iii) the final summation of the component scores. The aim of this study was to produce a series of models to determine the influence of these variables on the performance of the PHES test.

METHODS:
PHES testing was undertaken in 524 permanent UK residents aged > 18 years, who spoke good English, and were generally healthy. A UK PHES model was constructed as follows: (i) a reciprocal model for the LTT time/error relationship was devised; (ii) univariate/multivariate analyses identified significant correction factors for the individual test scores, without applying interaction terms; and (iii) each corrected test score was transformed to a Z-Score and then summed. The final PHES score was expressed as a Z-Score; values below −2.0 were considered abnormal. The effects of changing the basic PHES model by adding in interaction terms, changing the LTT scoring system and the final summation method were examined by applying the models to PHES data collected in 226 patients with cirrhosis.

RESULTS:
Seventy-six (33.6%) of the 226 patients had abnormal UK PHES scores. Variation in the scoring of the LTT test (German, Spanish and Italian versions) resulted in a minor reduction in the number of abnormal results (73 [32%]). Add-in and subtraction models for the independent correction factors - age, sex, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, years/place of education -were associated with changes of −11% to +9.8% and +2.4 to −8.8% respectively, in the proportion of abnormal result; ethnicity and age had the greatest effects. Adding interaction terms for the correction factors marginally increased the number of abnormal results to 84 (37.2%). Changing the final score summation from Z-scores to integerized scores significantly increased the number of abnormal tests to 100 (44.2%) P = 0.026.

CONCLUSIONS:
The major factor affecting the proportion of abnormal PHES results is the method used for final summation of the scores. Integerization of the scores does not allow for the exact application of thresholds and its use should perhaps be reconsidered.
P: 82 Genetically Engineered E. coli Nissle Attenuates Hyperammonemia and Improves Memory in an Experimental Model of Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Ochoa-Sanchez Rafael , Monnet-Aimard Alexis , Tamnanloo Farzaneh , Oliveira Mariana M. , Tremblay Mélanie , Perreault Mylene , Querbes Bill , Kurtz Caroline B. , Rose Christopher F. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
Hyperammonemia associated with chronic liver disease (CLD) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The gut is a major source of ammonia production that contributes to systemic hyperammonemia in CLD and HE and remains the primary therapeutic target for lowering circulating ammonia. As a therapeutic strategy, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 bacterium (EcN), a well characterized probiotic, was genetically modified to consume and convert ammonia to arginine (SYNARG), and its administration to thioacetamide-treated mice resulted in a significant reduction of ammonia levels.1 SYNARG was further modified to synthesize butyrate (SYNARG+BUT), a short-chain fatty acid with anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant properties, and both strains were tested in an experimental model of cirrhosis and HE, the bile duct ligation (BDL).

METHODS:
One week post surgery, BDL rats were gavaged with SYNARG, SYNARG+BUT (3 × 10 11 CFU/day, BID) or vehicle until they were sacrificed at 3- or 5-weeks along with respective sham controls. Plasma ammonia and live markers were measured at 3 and 5 weeks. Recognition-memory, motor-coordination, muscle-strength, locomotion and anxiety were assessed in the 5-week BDL groups.

RESULTS:
BDL significantly increased ammonia over time, with levels of 109.1 ± 9.2 µM (Shams 56.7 ± 3.5 µM, P < 0.001) and 150.2 ± 25.6 µM (Shams 58.3 ± 3.0µM, P < 0.001) at 3- and 5-weeks, respectively. In addition, plasma liver markers alanine-transaminase, aspartate-transaminase, bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were significantly increased in BDL rats at both timepoints while albumin was significantly lowered. As compared to BDL-Veh rats, hyperammonemia was attenuated by SYNARG (103.9 ± 12.3 µM) and SYNARG+BUT (110.8 ± 8.5 µM) at 5, but not 3 weeks post-surgery, while liver fibrosis (hydroxyproline content) was attenuated at 3, but not 5 weeks post-surgery. None of the circulating liver markers were changed by the treatments at any timepoint. Motor-coordination, muscle-strength, locomotion and anxiety were affected in all BDL groups without protective effect of treatments. Short-term memory (STM) was impaired in BDL-Veh (P < 0.001) and BDL-SYNARG (P < 0.05) versus Shams, while STM was resolved in BDL-SYNARG+BUT (P < 0.05 vs BDL-Veh). Long-term memory (LTM) was impaired in BDL-Veh vs Shams (P < 0.05), but BDL-SYNARG and BDL-SYNARG+BUT were protected.

CONCLUSIONS:
EcN, engineered to consume ammonia in the gut and synthesize butyrate, is an effective approach to lower plasma ammonia in a model of cirrhosis and HE. Moreover, the attenuation of hyperammonemia in cirrhotic rats is associated with a protective effect on memory in this model. The therapeutic potential of these engineered EcN strains should be further evaluated in patients with CLD and HE.
Determinan Matriks FLScircr Bentuk Khusus n×n,n≥3 Menggunakan Metode Salihu
Authors: Rahma Ade Novia , Swandayani Kartika , Marzuki Corry Corazon 
Published: September 2019

Determinan mempunyai peranan penting dalam menyelesaikan beberapa persoalan dalam matriks dan banyak dipergunakan dalam ilmu matematika maupun ilmu terapannya. Kondensasi Salihu merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan dalam menentukan determinan matriks yang memiliki ordo . Metode Kondensasi Salihu merupakan metode gabungan antara Kondensasi Dodgson dan Kondensasi Chio. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan determinan matriks bentuk khusus dengan menggunakan metode Kondensasi Salihu. Dalam menentukan determinan matriks bentuk khusus terdapat beberapa langkah yang dikerjakan. Pertama diperhatikan pola detrminan matriks bentuk khusus berode sampai . Kedua pembuktian bentuk umum determinan menggunakan metode induksi matematika. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah didapatkannya bentuk umum dari matriks bentuk khusus. Aplikasi juga dibahas didalam bentuk contoh.
[Determinants have an important role in solving several problems in the matrics and are widely used in mathematics and applied sciences. Salihu condensation is one method that can be used to determine the determinant of a matrics that has an order The Salihu Condensation Method is a combined method between Dodgson Condensation and Chio Condensation. This study aims to determine the determinant of a specially matrics form using the Salihu Condensation method. In determining the determinant of a specially matrics there are several steps taken. First, attention the determinant pattern of a specially matrics in orde of 3×3 to 10×10. Second, prove of the general form of determinant using the mathematical induction method. The result obtained is the determination of the general determinant from of a specially matrics.]
Changing the taste of apples by eurythmic treatments
Authors: Grundmann Eckart , Baumgartner Tanja 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Eurythmy is a performing art based on anthroposophy which tries to make non-visible forces visible by human movements. According to the concept of anthroposophy a eurythmist is capable to come into an exchange with the life forces of organisms through his movements. In a field experiment – executed by the Institute ArteNova in cooperation with an apple farmer – a eurythmist treated trees of two apple varieties with a sequence of eurythmic gestures to observe the impact on the fruit quality. The apples showed no differences in the laboratory test of sugar content and firmness. In the sensory test, significant differences could be found in several parameters like freshness, crunchiness or the total judgement. The results present a basic effect of human movements on the taste of plants. Furthermore, it was possible to find appropriate movements for pre-determined aims. Eurythmic movements could be seen as a possible method for agricultural systems which refuse pesticides and other synthetic substances. Follow-up experiments with different varieties, fruits, and places should verify the effects.
Evaluation of texture in Serra da Estrela cheese manufactured in different dairies
Authors: Guiné Raquel P. F. , Fontes Luísa , Lima Maria João 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Serra da Estrela cheese is a traditional product from artisanal manufacture using raw ewe’s milk coagulated with dried, wild thistle flower. The present study aimed to investigate the variation of textural properties in Serra da Estrela cheeses manufactured in different dairies through time, namely from April to June, following the end of the cheese making season. Three types of tests were conducted: compression, puncture and spreadability. These were carried out on samples coming from six different dairies situated in the PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) region of this type of cheese.
The results obtained showed some non-negligible differences for some textural properties between the top and bottom sides of the cheeses evaluated, as well as between cheeses from different dairies. Nevertheless, the properties of springiness, resilience, cohesiveness and adhesiveness (all from the compression test), were not significantly different in the samples analysed. In what concerns the variations along the milking season, it was possible to conclude that three of the considered dairies produced cheeses with a more constant textural profile in the period comprised between April and June. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed that the correlations between the textural properties were strong for some interactions between properties form the same test and/or from similar nature.
Variability of the total oil content and fatty acid profile of creole avocados from Nuevo Leon, Mexico
Authors: Acosta-Díaz Efraín , Álvarez-Ojeda María Genoveva , Guzmán-Maldonado Salvador Horacio , Almeyda-León Isidro Humberto 
Published: September 2019

Introduction. The State of Nuevo Leon is considered the depositary of a wide genetic diversity of creole avocados (Persea americana var drimyfolia). Objective. The aim of this work was to determine the variability of the total oil content and the fatty acids profile in creole avocados from Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Materials and methods. During the spring and summer of 2016, 36 varieties of creole avocados were collected in the northern and southern region of the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico for chemical characterization. The commercial variety “Hass” was included as a control. To determine the variability that exists in the content of total oils and fatty acids in the collected materials, analyzes of the main components and conglomerates were carried out. Results. Six fatty acids were detected in the total oil of the creole avocados: palmitic, stearic, oleic, palmitoleic, linoleic and linolenic. The outstanding varieties were “Platano temprano”, “Platano delgado”, “Huevo de toro”, “Cuerno”, “Pato”, and “Especial”, which presented an average of 17.28, 24.93 and 66.29 % more in the content of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids respectively, and an average of 28.12 % less stearic acid compared to the commercial variety “Hass”. According to the analysis of main components, materials with high oleic acid content usually have low palmitic and palmitoleic acid contents. The dendrogram presented six groups within the evaluated materials, most of the outstanding materials are located in groups one and four. Conclusion. High variability in the content of total oils and fatty acids was determined in creole avocados from Nuevo Leon. Therefore, they are considered promising for their incorporation into genetic improvement programs.
Evaluation of irrigation and pruning on the phenology and yield of Theobroma cacao L.
Authors: Meneses-Buitrago Diego Hernán , Bolaños-Benavides Martha Marina , Gómez-Gil Luis Fernando , Ramos-Zambrano Housseman Steven 
Published: September 2019

Introduction. It is believed that only 0.5 % of the area planted worldwide with cocoa is irrigated. Water availability influences the rate of expansion of the tree canopy and thus light interception. Another extremely important factor is pruning, which influences the production of floral sprouts that will give rise to new fruits, influencing productivity. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of drip irrigation and pruning on the performance, phenology and phytosanitary behavior of cacao trees. Materials and methods. The study was developed between 2015 and 2016 in the Cauca department, Colombia. The six-year-old trees were subjected to two watering layers: L-100 % and L-0 % and two pruning levels: soft and strong. Total number of fruits, number of healthy and sick fruits, kg of wet and dry cocoa, fruit index and seed index, longitudinal and equatorial diameters and incidence of Moniliopthora roreri, Phytophthora palmivora and Monalonion dissimulatum were evaluated. The growth and development curves of the fruit throughout time were built. An experimental design of complete random blocks was used in an arrangement of divide plots. Results. Fruit index varied from 22 (T2) up to 33 fruits (T3), the seed index varied from 0.91 g (T4) to 1.14 g (T2). There were no other significant results for other variables. Conclusion. From a technical and economic point of view an optimal response to the interaction of irrigation with the two levels of pruning was observed because, with a timely application of watering and an adequate pruning management, crop performance can be increased, harvests can be programmed and better quality fruits can be obtained.
COMPETITIVIDAD Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN DESTINOS TURÍSTICOS DE MÉXICO
Authors: Sandoval Cabrera Pablo 
Published: September 2019

El presente ensayo tiene como objetivo central encontrar evidencias empíricas que nos permitan constatar la relación existente entre competitividad de las ciudades y áreas urbanas, medida a través del índice que elabora el Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica; y la calidad de vida de las personas, utilizando un conjunto de indicadores de bienestar (pobreza, desarrollo humano, empleo, educación, salud, ingresos, entre otros).
Para cumplir con tal propósito, se realiza un análisis correlacional y comparativo entre competitividad y algunos indicadores, así como entre indicadores de bienestar en una muestra amplia de municipios turísticos de México en una primera etapa y entre una muestra restringida de 5 municipios que ofrecen servicios de turismo de playa.
La hipótesis que se plantea es que existe una relación positiva entre competitividad del destino y calidad de vida. Si bien los resultados no son tan contundentes, pareciera haber evidencias de que validad la hipótesis. Sin embargo, queda en claro la necesidad de realizar estudios de mayor profundidad y amplitud para darle una mayor robustez empírica al estudio.
Utilization of Non Timber Forest Products by Duyoh Community, Bau District, Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Toaiang Arlene Alicia , K Sayok Alexander 
Published: September 2019

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are natural resources collected from forests apart from timber. The use of NTFPs based on traditional knowledge is widely known among the natives in Borneo including Bidayuh community in Sarawak. An interview was undertaken with the villagers cum vendors at Duyoh Weekend Market along with a brief NTFPs survey at the nearby community forest (CF) recorded 76 NTFPs species belonging to 65 genera from 46 families used by this community. Of these, 64 species or 84.21% were recorded in the nearby forest while 33 species or 43.42% at the village’s Weekend Market. Based on four major uses, more than 68.0% of them were edible or used in food preparation and 27.6% for medicinal purposes. Only 6 species (7.9%) were used for handicrafts, and was considered the least. More than 17% were used for various other purposes including as ornamentals. Among the edible species, majority (54%) were fruits. Most (89.2%) of the edible species were also used for medicinal purposes. Most, if not all, households had collected the NTFPs from the forest, but only close to 20% of the village’s household actually sold these products at the village’s Weekend Market earning an average of RM400 to RM640 per month with higher income during fruiting season (October to December) which can reach RM200 per day. Although majority grew the commonly used plants in their own land, substantial NTFPs (43.4%) sold were collected from the forest. Although this study is very short, at least it gave an idea that NTFPs are being used and its value to the community in terms of income. Thus suggest to have a longer-term study to cover all seasons/periods of the year to understand more on the products being sold and their values. More efforts in conserving the nearby forest is also warranted to ensure a continue supply of NTFPs for sustainable supply for the present and future community use and to supplement their income.
3-Dimensional graphene/Cu/Fe3O4 composites: Immobilized laccase electrodes for detecting bisphenol A
Authors: Lou Congqiang , Jing Tao , Tian Jingzhi , Zheng Yongjie , Zhang Jiaoxia , Dong Mengyao , Wang Chao , Hou Chuanxin , Fan Jincheng , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Radikal mastoidektomi boşluğundaki inatçı otore problemini çözmek için yapılan timpanoplasti uygulaması
Authors: KEPEKÇİ Ahmet Hamdi , ÇELIKYURT Cengiz 
Published: September 2019

ÖzAmaç:Geçirilmiş radikal mastoidektomi operasyonu sonrası inatçı
otore problemini çözmek için timpanoplasti uygulamasının sonuçlarını
değerlendirmek.Gereç ve Yöntem:Radikal
Mastoidektomi (RM) sonrası devam eden inatçı otore nedeniyle, hastanemiz KBB
kliniğinde Ekim 2010 - Şubat 2015 tarihleri arasında timpanoplasti uygulanan 18
hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Postoperatif olarak hastalar 9 ay
boyunca 3 aylık kontrollere çağrıldı.Timpanoplasti uygulamasında retroauriküler yaklaşım
kullanılarak kolesteatom ve kalıcı granülasyon dokusu tarafından istila edilen
sinüs timpani ve promontoryumu döşeyen yassı epitel ve mukoza eleve edildi. Temporal
fasya grefti, facial ridge üzerine,
facial kanal üzerine, meatus'un alt duvarı üzerine ve tuba auditiva'nın lateral
duvarı üzerine yerleştirildi. Timpanomeatal flep fasya greftinin lateraline
yerleştirildikten sonra kapalı bir kulak boşluğu “mesotimpanum” oluşturmak için
timpanoplasti uygulandı.Bulgular:İnatçı otoresi olan bütün hastaların hepsinde sinüs
timpanide kolesteatom veya kalıcı granülasyon dokusu bulundu. Orta kulak
kolestatomu ve postmastoidektomi kavitesinin rekurren kolestatomu değişkenleri
ile fasiyal ridge değerleri arasında istatistiksel bir anlamlılık bulunmuştur
(p&lt;0,05). Takip süresince kolesteatom ve kalıcı granülasyon dokularında nüks
etmedi. Tartışma:Timpanoplasti yapılan tüm hastalarda otore başarılı bir
şekilde tedavi edildi. Ameliyat sonrası hastalarımızın radikal boşlukları
iyileşti ve kapalı kavite elde edildi.
Innovation Learning: Audio Visual and Outdoor Study to Enhance Student’s Understanding of Disaster
Authors: Furqan M. Hafizul , Maryani Enok , Ruhimat Mamat 
Published: September 2019

Education is functioned to prepare human to compete in overcoming various challenges. One of challenge faced by Indonesian nation is natural disaster. The effective method to reduce the risk of natural disaster (disaster mitigation) is by enhancing understanding of disaster in each individual. Aceh Tsunami Museum (ATM) is one of important site which is build to remember the big disaster event which happened in 2004 in Aceh and as disaster learning source. This study is aimed to find out the influence of ATM utilization in enhancing students’ understanding of disaster, by using outdoor study method (visit ATM) and audio visual media (Film with disaster themed). The research design is Experimental quasi. Sample of this study are students of class X-2 IS and X-3 IS with total of 57 students. Data is obtained from literature study, observation, test, questionnaire, and documentary study. The result showed that utilizing ATM by outdoor study method can better enhance understanding of disaster compared to audio visual media. Constructivism learning approach can create more meaningful learning. Teachers are suggested to apply constructivism learning approach in learning process.