bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial public leadership: 5As framework for wellness promotion
Authors: Beebe Grant , Novicevic Milorad , Popoola Ifeoluwa Tobi , Holland Joseph (Jody) 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a 5As framework for entrepreneurial nudge public leadership for health and wellness promotion based on two exemplary cases in Mississippi.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a “case within a case” study design to develop the 5As public influence framework for entrepreneurial public leadership.

Findings
Based on the investigated cases of healthcare and wellness promotion in Hernando and Charleston, Mississippi, the authors developed the 5As framework for wellness promotion dimensions of awareness, assistance, alignment, association, and assessment. This framework is applicable to the lived experiences of community members, leaders, healthcare providers, and government.

Research limitations/implications
The study results provide a compelling insight into early-stage formation of entrepreneurial public leadership. However, the study results lack generalizability due to the case study approach used.

Practical implications
This study can assist entrepreneurial public leaders and policy-makers align their strategic wellness goals, initiatives, and policies that motivate community members to seek and receive supporting services.

Originality/value
Developing an original framework for wellness promotion useful to both healthcare practitioners and public leaders, this study contributes to the extant literature on public health leadership and proposes mechanisms for addressing community wellness needs. The framework is designed to address public health concerns by integrating public leadership strategies aimed at linking with existing community wellness and healthcare services.
The curious reaction to an auditor’s adverse opinion: a case study from 1976
Authors: Zeff Stephen A. , Baskerville Rachel F. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the circumstances that gave rise to an adverse audit opinion by a New Zealand (Christchurch) accounting firm, Hicks and Ainger, on the annual financial report of the local firm, T.J. Edmonds Ltd, in 1976. In so doing, this study revealed not only previously undocumented issues surrounding major asset purchases but also the impact of key personalities before and after the adverse opinion decision.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is located within the Cultural Theory of History, to theorize the narratives within the wider contextual perspective. The issues surrounding the use of memory from such interviews are also considered. The key material offered in this study is sourced from a 2015 interview with the two key audit partners in this audit engagement.

Findings
The accounting standard on depreciation at that time, SSAP 3, had not been applied properly to the accounting treatment of four helicopters for wild deer operations, purchased a week before balance date. Neither the artificial suppression of profits by this purchase decision and accounting choice nor the fall in profits nor the adverse opinion, influenced share prices or shareholder perceptions long term.

Originality/value
The significance of this project is that it informs the appreciation of the importance of contextual understanding of a singular adverse audit opinion.
Abnormal lending and risk in Swedish financial institutions
Authors: Papadamou Stephanos , Philippas Dionisis , Firas Batnini , Ntitoras Thomas 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the relationship between abnormal loan growth and risk in Swedish financial institutions by type and borrower using three indicators as proxies for risks related to loan losses, the ratio of interest income to total loans and solvency perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a large sample of different types of Swedish financial institutions, this paper uses a panel framework to examine the relationships between abnormal loan growth rates and loan losses, interest income as a percentage of total loans, changes in the equity to assets ratio and changes in z-score.

Findings
The findings show two important points of evidence. First, abnormal lending to retail customers increases loan losses and interest income in relation to total loans. Second, abnormal lending to other credit institutions decreases loan losses and significantly changes the capital structure by increasing the reliance on debt funding and significantly improves the z-score measure.

Research limitations/implications
The findings provide useful implications for the management of loan portfolios for a wide range of Swedish financial institutions, identifying two components: abnormal lending to households may increase loan losses and increase interest income in relation to total loans, and excessive lending to other credit institutions may reduce solvency risk and allow more debt financing for the financial institution.

Originality/value
This is the first study to use a panel framework in analyzing the behavior of different types of Swedish financial institutions in relation to loans granted to retail customers and other credit institutions.
Does CEO compensation suppress employee wages?
Authors: Graefe-Anderson Rachel , Pyo Unyong , Zhu Baoqi 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of CEO equity-based compensation (EBC) on employee wages. It also examines the impact of EBC on average employee wages in different industries and business cycles.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use pay-performance sensitivity (PPS) to measure for CEO EBC and run OLS models with year and industry dummies. As many firms do not report labor expenses, the authors conduct the two-step analysis as in Heckman (1979) to overcome the potential selection bias.

Findings
The authors find that CEOs with higher EBC tend to pay their employees lower wages. They also find that such an impact is more evident in non-technology firms than in technology firms. Finally, they find that CEOs with higher PPS are more likely to depress employee wages when the business cycle shows a downturn.

Originality/value
No study examines the impact of EBC on employee wages directly to date. The authors add to the existing stream of literature regarding employee wages and managerial compensation. Hence, they purport that the findings support existing literature suggesting EBC contributes to, rather than alleviates, the classic agency conflict. Finally, the evidence suggests an unexplored manifestation of that agency conflict and an additional source of CEO rent extraction.
Dual-class firms’ choice of performance measures in CEO stock compensation contracts
Authors: Li Ji , Hwang Yuhchang 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide new evidence on the choice of performance measures used in dual-class firms to incentivize CEOs.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses coarsened exact matching and propensity score matching to match the dual-class firm sample with a control group of single-class firms. This study uses matching estimators to provide an analysis of how a dual-class structure affects the design of performance measures in performance-based stock awards. In addition, regression models are used to investigate the effect of a dual-class structure on performance measure choices.

Findings
This paper finds that market-based metrics are less likely to be used by dual-class firms relative to single-class firms. In addition, peer-based measures are much less common for dual-class than single-class firms. This study also finds that the length of the CEO’s performance evaluation period does not differ between dual-class and single-class firms.

Research limitations/implications
This paper attempts to investigate the choice of performance measures to find out the extent to which the board of directors focuses CEO efforts on firms’ long-term versus short-term objectives.

Practical implications
The findings reveal the relationships between the dual-class stock structure and the contractual features of CEO performance-based stock awards, provide empirical evidence for the company’s compensation committee and provide implications for the evolving practices of performance measures regarding CEO stock compensation. The findings are also useful to regulators, compensation consultants and firms pursuing efficient design of executive compensation.

Originality/value
This paper is among the first to study the determinants of compensation contracts. Second, prior literature seldom controls for CEO stock ownership, but this study matches dual-class firms to a control group of single-class firms that are similar in terms of CEO stock ownership and other important firm characteristics. Finally, these findings suggest that dual-class firms shield their executives from short-term market pressures and design stock compensation contracts that deemphasize volatile stock prices.
Effect of ball milling on the microstructure and performances of laser clad forming Cr3C2-NiCr composites
Authors: Lou Deyuan , Cao Jianfeng , Huang Yi , Lin Chenghu , He Chunlin , Bennett Peter , Liu Dun 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The original powder commonly used for laser 3D printing is atomized alloy powder. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of ball milling (BM) on the structure and performances of the alloy powder and its composite products.

Design/methodology/approach
BM powder of Ni-Cr-graphite elements was subjected to laser cladding forming and the effect of BM on the powder structure was studied by X-ray diffraction, metallographic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The laser cladding-formed coatings were also tested by reciprocating friction measures and electrochemical corrosion experiment.

Findings
The results showed that the grains of laser cladding-formed Cr3C2-NiCr coating of BM powder were more refined compared to the coating of the atomized powder. Moreover, the abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance were slightly improved.

Originality/value
This work offers guidance for new original powder selection for laser 3D printing/powder bed forming/selective laser melting applications.
The role of conferences in doctoral student socialization
Authors: Kuzhabekova Aliya , Temerbayeva Aizhan 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the role scholarly conferences play in professional socialization of doctoral students.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from 20 interviews on conference experiences of student attendees of a North American conference in social sciences, as well as on the conference experiences of students from various disciplines at a private research intensive university in the USA, the authors explored how research identity of doctoral students change over time as result of participation in conferences, how the process of socialization is shaped by advisers and peers and how the experiences vary depending on the characteristics of the participants.FindingsThe authors found that conferences play an important role in socialization, and the effect from conference attendance increases with the number of conferences attended. The study also showed that students undergo several stages in the process of their socialization, throughout which they develop greater agency and independence as scholars, as well as a more positive image of themselves as researchers, and become more strategic in their behavior. The results also point to the key role of adviser and peers in the process of socialization, whereby the former can provide direction and orientation, while the latter may offer support and opportunities for mutual learning or future collaboration. The authors also found a notable difference in the support provided by advisers between teaching and research-oriented universities.Originality/valueThe paper applies doctoral student socialization theory to the analysis of informal doctoral experiences outside the program of study.
HR in the digital age: how digital technology will change HR’s organization structure, processes and roles
Authors: DiRomualdo Anthony , El-Khoury Dorothée , Girimonte Franco 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the transformative impact of digital technology on the types of services offered by HR and how those services are delivered. The authors explore how the expanded role of technology will change the types of activities delivered by the corporate center, global business services (GBS), centers of excellence (COEs) and field-based HR. Based on the changes in activities, the authors explore the impact to existing roles (those changing and those disappearing) as well as the need for new roles to be created within HR.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors leverage early indicators from The Hackett Group’s 2017 HR Digital Transformation Study as well as The Hackett Group’s extensive database of paid HR benchmarks with Global 1000 companies to develop a point of view on how digital technology will transform HR processes, roles and organization structure.

Findings
HR organizations must begin planning the changes they will need to make to meet the demands of enterprise digital transformation and leverage the opportunities to improve HR capabilities, service offerings and performance.

Originality/value
The paper provides recommendations for getting the process started to transform the future HR organization.
Calibration of magnetic compass using an improved extreme learning machine based on reverse tuning
Authors: Liu Yanxia , Fang JianJun , Shi Gang 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe sources of magnetic sensors errors are numerous, such as currents around, soft magnetic and hard magnetic materials and so on. The traditional methods mainly use explicit error models, and it is difficult to include all interference factors. This paper aims to present an implicit error model and studies its high-precision training method.Design/methodology/approachA multi-level extreme learning machine based on reverse tuning (MR-ELM) is presented to compensate for magnetic compass measurement errors by increasing the depth of the network. To ensure the real-time performance of the algorithm, the network structure is fixed to two ELM levels, and the maximum number of levels and neurons will not be continuously increased. The parameters of MR-ELM are further modified by reverse tuning to ensure network accuracy. Because the parameters of the network have been basically determined by least squares, the number of iterations is far less than that in the traditional BP neural network, and the real-time can still be guaranteed.FindingsThe results show that the training time of the MR-ELM is 19.65 s, which is about four times that of the fixed extreme learning algorithm, but training accuracy and generalization performance of the error model are better. The heading error is reduced from the pre-compensation ±2.5° to ±0.125°, and the root mean square error is 0.055°, which is about 0.46 times that of the fixed extreme learning algorithm.Originality/valueMR-ELM is presented to compensate for magnetic compass measurement errors by increasing the depth of the network. In this case, the multi-level ELM network parameters are further modified by reverse tuning to ensure network accuracy. Because the parameters of the network have been basically determined by least squares, the number of iterations is far less than that in the traditional BP neural network, and the real-time training can still be guaranteed. The revised manuscript improved the ELM algorithm itself (referred to as MR-ELM) and bring new ideas to the peers in the magnetic compass error compensation field.
Workforce development: perspectives from people with learning disabilities
Authors: Davies Jill , Matuska George 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Research into the skills and competencies required by staff working with people with learning disabilities has concentrated on staff views. The purpose of this paper is to explore what people with learning disabilities want from the workforce supporting them. The evaluation was commissioned by Health Education England working across Kent, Surrey and Sussex (HEE KSS).

Design/methodology/approach
An easy read questionnaire, co-produced with people with learning disabilities, was completed with 70 participants, 65 of whom attended one of 10 workshops. Two questionnaires were also completed by parents on behalf of their child. The workshops also allowed for open discussion.

Findings
People with learning disabilities value a workforce with a positive attitude, with staff who are skilled in supporting people to gain independence and have a voice.

Research limitations/implications
Findings are relevant to staff recruitment, matching of staff to services and staff training.

Originality/value
Although there is some previous research around service user views, this evaluation had a larger sample size. The findings were similar to previous studies, particularly around the kind of qualities required from staff, which were the ability to listen, have trust and be able to learn specific skills. Although the highest representation was from young people and young adults, participants ranged from 12 to over 65 years. Differences in views according to participant age ranges are also noted.
Comparative Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacities and Organic Acid and Volatile Contents of Mango Slurries Fermented with Six Different Probiotic Microorganisms
Authors: Jin Xiaofan , Chen Wenxue , Chen Haiming , Chen Weijun , Zhong Qiuping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMango slurries were fermented with 6 different probiotic microorganisms (Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae D254, S. cerevisiae DV10, and S. cerevisiae R2) to develop products with higher bioactivity. Changes in pH, reducing sugars, organic acids, and volatile compounds were determined. In addition, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity during fermentation were monitored. Among the strains used, S. cerevisiae D254 exhibited the fastest utilization of sugar in a mango slurry. Different volatile compounds were produced, mainly consisting of fatty acids, alcohols, and esters. S. cerevisiae DV10 produced higher amounts of esters and alcohols. The antioxidant capacity of the mango slurries improved by different degrees after fermentation with the six probiotic microorganisms. Fermentation with L. plantarum obtained the most organic acids as well as total phenolics and exhibited the highest FRAP and CUPRAC values. The results of this study indicated that fermentation with probiotic microorganisms can enhance the health benefits obtained from mango slurries.Practical ApplicationProbiotic‐fermented mango slurry is a fermentation product that combines the nutritional value of mango with the health benefits of probiotics. Probiotic fermentation improves the flavor of a mango slurry and increases the availability and variety of mango products that can be appreciated by consumers.
Association study between killer immunoglobulin‐like receptor polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis disease: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Rezaei Ramazan , Mostafaei Shayan , Aslani Saeed , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Mahmoudi Mahdi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeveral genetic studies have assessed the association between polymorphisms in killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) genes and susceptibility of individuals to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but the findings have been inconclusive and incongruous. Therefore, we conducted this meta‐analysis of all case‐control studies meeting the inclusion criteria for obtaining an exact conclusion of the effect of KIR polymorphisms on the risk of AS.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases, including Scopus web of science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed to find all eligible studies exploring the association between KIR polymorphisms and the risk of AS, prior to June 2017. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and their corresponding 95% CIs were used to evaluate the strength of the association between KIR polymorphisms and the risk of AS.ResultsA total of 16 case‐control studies, encompassed in 12 papers, with 1770 cases and 2907 healthy subjects were included in the meta‐analysis. This meta‐analysis revealed three significant positive associations of 2DS1, 2DS5, and 3DS1 with susceptibility to AS, while two significant negative associations of 2DL2 and 2DS2 with susceptibility to AS were identified. In the subgroup analysis based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*27 positive patients and healthy subjects, results indicated that there were four significant positive associations between 2DL5, 2DS4, 2DS5, 3DS1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to AS in HLA‐B*27‐positive patients; a significant negative association of 3DL1 in HLA‐B*27‐positive patients was found.ConclusionsWhile 2DS1, 2DS5, and 3DS1 polymorphisms increased AS risk, 2DL2 and 2DS2 polymorphisms were associated with reduced AS susceptibility.
High prevalence and correlates of osteoporosis in men aged 50  years and over: A nationwide osteoporosis survey in Taiwan
Authors: Ko Chi‐Hua , Yu Shan‐Fu , Su Fu‐Mei , Chen Jia‐Feng , Chen Ying‐Chou , Su Yu‐Jih , Lai Han‐Ming , Chiu Wen‐Chan , Hsu Chung‐Yuan , Cheng Tien‐Tsai , Chang Shun‐Jen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsOsteoporosis is one of the consequences of aging, and it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated; this study aimed to present the characteristics and prevalence of osteoporosis in elderly men by conducting a nationwide survey in Taiwan.MethodsThe participants were enrolled between 2008 and 2011, and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured via dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry for the hip (total), lumbar spine (L1‐4), and femoral neck (FN). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, female patients, and those using steroids were excluded. Osteoporosis was defined as a T‐score at the FN of ≤−2.5.ResultsThis study included 3734 men of mean age 70.0 ± 9.3 years, accounting for the prevalence of osteoporosis at 9.7%. Participants with osteoporosis had a significantly older age, lower body weight, shorter height and more previous fractures than those without osteoporosis. The mean BMD at FN was 0.534 ± 0.056 and 0.791 ± 0.115 (g/cm2) in participants with and without osteoporosis, respectively (P < 0.001). The FN and hip (total) BMD showed a significant negative correlation with age (r = −0.234, P < 0.001) and (r = −0.003, P < 0.001), respectively, but not at L1‐4 (r = 0.00, P = 0.540). A history of fracture is the most important risk factor associated with male osteoporosis (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.49‐4.21; P = 0.006).ConclusionsThe associated factors for male osteoporosis are aging, lower body weight, and a history of fracture; the BMDs at FN and hip (total), but not L1‐4, are inversely correlated with age. We recommend that BMD at the proximal femur be the preferred site to evaluate osteoporosis for elderly male subjects.