bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer and Debris on the Canal Walls prepared with a Combination of Hand and Rotary ProTaper Technique using Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Prakash Sandeep , Kiran S , Siddharth Pujari R , Saha Supradip , Geojan Naiza E , Ramachandran Mookambika 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The effect of smear layer and debris on the success rate of endodontic treatment has not yet been definitely determined. So the present study was aimed to evaluate the amount of smear layer and debris on the canal walls prepared with a combination of hand and rotary ProTaper technique using NaOCl and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) alternately as root canal irrigants using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and methods
Eighty intact freshly extracted human permanent mandibular premolar teeth were collected and randomly divided equally into four groups. In group I canals were prepared with hand K-Flexofiles; group II with rotary ProTaper instruments; group III with rotary ProTaper instruments and final instrumentation was done with hand K-Flexofile; group IV with rotary ProTaper instruments and final instrumentation was done with RC-Prep and irrigated with 1 mL of normal saline. In all groups canals were irrigated using NaOCl and EDTA alternately. After instrumentation, the teeth were prepared for SEM examination using five-score indices for debris and smear layer at coronal, middle, and apical third levels. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test (p<0.05) and Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05).

Results
Statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in cleaning the apical third. Groups I and III showed better canal cleanliness compared to group II. The use of EDTA and NaOCl in group III was more effective in removing debris and smear layer compared to EDTA and normal saline in group IV. Regardless of the instrumentation technique employed and the irrigant used, the cleaning ability decreased in the apical third, resulting in higher debris and smear layer scores compared to coronal and middle third levels.

Conclusion
None of the instrumentation techniques in the present study could completely eliminate the smear layer and debris from the canal walls. Instrumentation of the canals with hand files after automated rotary preparation could result in cleaner canal walls.

Clinical significance
Alternate irrigation with NaOCl and EDTA is effective in the removal of debris and smear layer in the coronal and middle level, but the effectiveness in the apical third is less.

How to cite this article
Kiran S, Prakash S, Siddharth PR, Saha S, Geojan NE, Ramachandran M. Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer and Debris on the Canal Walls prepared with a Combination of Hand and Rotary ProTaper Technique using Scanning Electron Microscope. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):574-581.
Evaluation of Outcome of Orthodontic Treatment in Context to Posttreatment Stability: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kanuru Ravi Krishna , Mangat Sukhpreet S , Sepolia Gaurav , Subudhi Santosh K , Asnani Mohil M , Bansal Anupam 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
One of the main aims of orthodontic treatment is the improvement of esthetics along with enhancement of functions of the orofacial regions. Complications are observed even after final completion of the orthodontic treatment due to relapse and loss of stability. Hence, we retrospectively analyzed angle class I malocclusion cases to study the correlation of outcome of orthodontic treatment and posttreatment stability.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 patients were included in this retrospective analysis, which accounted for the patients reporting to the department of orthodontics from 2013 to 2015 with angle class I malocclusion. Pretreatment, posttreatment, and postretention casts of the patients were made and analyzed. The Richmond et al criteria was used to evaluate peer assessment rating (PAR) index and Little irregularity index, followed by scoring with American weight. Measurement of Pearson's coefficient was done to calculate the p-value. p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results
No significant amount of alteration was seen in the systematic errors of Little index and PAR index, while casual errors were also within the normal range. While comparing the PAR index at pretreatment and posttreatment phases, statistically significant results were obtained, whereas in case of Little index at same time intervals, scores showed nonsignificant results.

Conclusion
Even after delivering ideal orthodontic treatment, stability of the treatment is still not ensured until unless posttreatment follow-up is properly maintained.

How to cite this article
Kanuru RK, Mangat SS, Sepolia G, Subudhi SK, Asnani MM, Bansal A. Evaluation of Outcome of Orthodontic Treatment in Context to Posttreatment Stability: A Retrospective Analysis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):587-591.
Effect of Topical Anesthesia with Lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) Cream and Local Pressure on Pain during Infiltration Injection for Maxillary Canines: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Milani Amin S , Zand Vahid , Abdollahi Amir A , Froughreyhani Mohammad , Zakeri-Milani Parvin , Jafarabadi Mohammad A 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study compared the effect of local pressure and topical lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) cream on pain during infiltration injection for maxillary canine teeth.Materials and methodsA total of 140 volunteer students participated in this split-mouth design randomized clinical trial. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups (n = 35). Before administration of anesthesia, in each group, one side was randomly selected as the experimental and the opposite side as the control. In group 1, finger pressure was applied on the alveolar mucosa on the experimental side and on the tooth crown on the control side. In group 2, 5% EMLA cream and placebo; in group 3, finger pressure and 5% EMLA cream; and in group 4, 5% EMLA cream and 20% benzocaine gel were applied. In all the groups, a buccal infiltration procedure was carried out. Pain during injection was recorded with visual analog scale (VAS). Wilcoxon and McNemar tests were used for statistical analysis of the results. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe results showed that EMLA reduced the injection pain significantly more than benzocaine (p = 0.02). Also, injection pain was significantly lower with the use of EMLA in comparison to placebo (p = 0.00). Application of local pressure reduced the injection pain, but the difference from the control side was not significant (p = 0.05). Furthermore, the difference between application of local pressure and EMLA was not statistically significant (p = 0.08).ConclusionTopical anesthesia of 5% EMLA was more effective than 20% benzocaine in reducing pain severity during infiltration injection. However, it was not significantly different in comparison to the application of local pressure.How to cite this articleMilani AS, Zand V, Abdollahi AA, Froughreyhani M, Zakeri-Milani P, Jafarabadi MA. Effect of Topical Anesthesia with Lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) Cream and Local Pressure on Pain during Infiltration Injection for Maxillary Canines: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):592-596.
Comparison of the Solubility of Conventional Luting Cements with that of the Polyacid Modified Composite Luting Cement and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Thomas Mathew , Mustafa Mohammed , Karkera Reshma , Raj AP Nirmal , Isaac Lijo , Reddy R Naveen 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study was planned to find the solubility of the conventional luting cements in comparison with that of the polyacid-modified composite luting cement and recently introduced resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) with exposure to water at early stages of mixing.Materials and methodsAnin vitrostudy of the solubility of the following five commercially available luting cements, viz., glass ionomer cement (GIC) (Fuji I, GC), zinc phosphate (Elite 100, GC), polyacid-modified resin cement (PMCR) (Principle, Dentsply), polycarboxylate cement (PC) (Poly - F, Dentsply), RMGIC (Vitremer, 3M), was conducted. For each of these groups of cements, three resin holders were prepared containing two circular cavities of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm depth. All the cements to be studied were mixed in 30 seconds and then placed in the prepared cavities in the resin cement holder for 30 seconds.ResultsFrom all of the observed luting cements, PMCR cement had shown the lowest mean loss of substance at all immersion times and RMGIC showed the highest mean loss of substance at all immersion times in water from 2 to 8 minutes. The solubility of cements decreased by 38% for GIC, 33% for ZnPO4, 50% for PMCR, 29% for PC, and 17% for RMGIC.ConclusionThe PMCR cement (Principle-Dentsply) had shown lowest solubility to water at the given time intervals of immersion. This was followed by PC, zinc phosphate, and GIC to various time intervals of immersion.How to cite this articleKarkera R, Nirmal Raj AP, Isaac L, Mustafa M, Reddy RN, Thomas M. Comparison of the Solubility of Conventional Luting Cements with that of the Polyacid Modified Composite Luting Cement and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):1016-1021.
In vitro Comparative Evaluation of Various Restorative Materials used for restoring Class III Cavities in Deciduous Anterior Teeth: A Clinical Study
Authors: Khandelwal Deepak , Nihalani Shweta , Priyank Harsh , Verma Ankita , Chaudhary Esha 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionBeauty standards in today's modernized world scenario are formed by well-aligned and well-designed bright white teeth. One of the major reasons behind patients reporting to dental clinics is pain. Caries in the anterior primary teeth forms one of the major concerns from a restorative point of view. Very few studies are quoted in literature which stresses on the follow-up of anterior restorations in primary teeth. Hence, we evaluated and compared the efficacy of composite resin and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RGIC) for class III restorations in primary anterior teeth.Materials and methodsThe present study was conducted in the pediatric dental wing and included a total of 80 patients aged 3 to 5½ years who reported with the chief complaint of carious lesions in the primary anterior teeth. Patients having minimal of a pair of similar appearing small carious lesions on the same proximal surfaces of the deciduous maxillary incisors were included for the study. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups: One in which RGIC restoration was done and other in which composite restoration was done. Cavity preparation was done and filling of the cavity with the restorative materials was carried out. Assessment of the restorations was done at 4, 8, and 12 months time following criteria given by Ryge et al. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Mann–Whitney test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the level of significance; p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsFor composite and RGIC restorations, the mean score for anatomic shape was 1.21 and 1.10 respectively. While comparing the clinical parameters, nonsignificant results were obtained between composite and RGIC restorative materials at 4-, 8-, and 12-month interval. On comparing the clinical parameters for individual restorative materials at different time intervals, statistically significant results were obtained only for anatomical shape and form.ConclusionBoth RGIC and composite resin restorative materials showed acceptable clinical outcomes after 12 months of follow-up in deciduous anterior teeth. In restoring class III restorations in primary anterior teeth, both the restorative materials showed similar outcome.Clinical significanceHow to cite this articlePriyank H, Verma A, Gupta K, Chaudhary E, Khandelwal D, Nihalani S.In vitroComparative Evaluation of Various Restorative Materials used for restoring Class III Cavities in Deciduous Anterior Teeth: A Clinical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):1022-1026.
Clinical Success of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin as a Space Maintainer
Authors: Kirzioğlu Zuhal , Çiftçi Z Zahit , Yetiş Ceylan Ç 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe early loss of deciduous molars is a frequently encountered problem in dentistry. Various space maintainer designs were developed to prevent the loss of the space. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term clinical performance and survival rates of fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRCR) as a space maintainer clinically.Materials and methodsThis study was designed on 44 children who had early missed deciduous molars. Space maintainers were prepared on plaster models of patients and fixed directly to the adjacent teeth. Survival rate and whether it causes any damage to adjacent teeth were examined clinically and radiographically for 24 months or until failure. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used for the statistical analyses.ResultsOverall, 16.2% of space maintainers were dislodged and accepted to be failed at the end of 12 months. At the 24-month control, 52.2% success was stated with the FRCR space maintainer and because of permanent tooth eruption, 31.8% of space maintainer were taken out. The mean duration of space maintainers was measured to be 14.8±3.48 months. There was no statistical significance between survival time and gender, tooth number, localization, and measured space (p > 0.05).ConclusionAfter all 24 months follow-up, as well as esthetic properties of FRCR space maintainer, their applicability in a single seance and strength against the forces are determined as the advantages of the technique.Clinical significanceThe FRCR space maintainers can be thought of as alternatives to metal space maintainers.How to cite this articleKirzioğlu Z, Çiftçi ZZ, Yetiş CÇ. Clinical Success of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin as a Space Maintainer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):188-193.
Evaluation of the Role of Music as a Nonpharmacological Technique in Management of Child Patients
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Gupta Prahlad 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Behavior management and reducing anxiety and pain are very important for success of treatment. Hence, apart from pharmacological management, such as conscious sedation, nonpharmacological interventions like music play a significant role. This study aims to evaluate the effects of music in reducing anxiety, pain, and behavior management.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted at the Department of Pedodontics in 2015. It consisted of 60 patients, age ranging from 3 to 7 years, who required dental treatment with local anesthesia. They were divided into three groups of 20 each. Group I consisted of upbeat music distraction group. Group II consisted of relaxing music distraction group. Group III consisted of control group. We scheduled the treatment in two visits. We used Venham picture test, North Carolina behavior rating scale, and visual analog scale test for the study. Baseline heart rate was also recorded.

Results
No significant differences were found among the three groups based on three scales used in the study.

Conclusion
Management of child patient in dental clinic is a challenge for clinician. Apart from various pharmacological techniques, management of pediatric patients using audio music distraction has been introduced. However, music did not produce a reduction in pain, anxiety, or disruptive behavior.

Clinical significance
Various pharmacological techniques are present for the management of pediatric patients. Apart from it, there is need of introducing nonpharmacological techniques to reduce pain, anxiety, and to alter behavior of child. By this study, we have tried to evaluate the usefulness of music in child management.

How to cite this article
Gupta N, Gupta H, Gupta P, Gupta N. Evaluation of the Role of Music as a Nonpharmacological Technique in Management of Child Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):194-197.
Additive and reducing Effects between Calcium Hydroxide and Current Irrigation Solutions
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Mohammadi Zahed , Shalavi Sousan , Sahebalam Rasoul , Kinoshita Jun-Ichiro 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionMicroorganisms should be considered to have the major role in starting and perpetuation of pulpo-periapical diseases. Using intracanal medicaments is necessary to gain a bacteria-free environment in the canal system. Calcium hydroxide (abbreviated as Ca(OH)2), which is the most commonly used medicament in endodontic therapy, has been shown to be effective against primary sources of infection; however, its effectiveness against some microorganisms, such asCandida albicansandEnterococcus faecalishas not been proved. On the other hand, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and iodine potassium iodide (IKI) have been shown to be the potent medicaments against these microorganisms. Because of this fact, combination of Ca(OH)2and some irrigants of the root canal has been suggested as potential intracanal medicaments. The aim of this literature review is to identify and address the efficacy of Ca(OH)2in combined with some of these irrigating solutions.How to cite this articleMohammadi Z, Jafarzadeh H, Shalavi S, Sahebalam R, Kinoshita JI. Additive and reducing Effects between Calcium Hydroxide and Current Irrigation Solutions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):246-249.
Independent Population Validation of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display: Implications for Keratoconus Studies and Screening
Authors: Villavicencio Ovette F , Gilani Fatimah , Henriquez Maria A , Izquierdo Luis , Ambrósio Renato R 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
With advances in technology and imaging, finding diagnostic criteria that are both sensitive and specific for keratoconus while using the latest corneal imaging modalities is paramount. The Belin/Ambrósio enhanced ectasia display final ‘D’ index, tested on an independent population, illustrated excellent false positive rates for refractive screening while eliminating 99% of keratoconus corneas. A false positive rate of 0% is achieved with a final ‘D’ of 2.69, meeting the more stringent criteria for treatment studies.

How to cite this article
Villavicencio OF, Gilani F, Henriquez MA, Izquierdo L Jr, Ambrósio RR Jr, Belin MW. Independent Population Validation of the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display:Implications for Keratoconus Studies and Screening. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):1-8.
Prevalence of Keratoconus among Young Arab students in Israel
Authors: Barbara Ramez , Gordon-Shaag Ariela , Millodot Michel , Shneor Einat , Essa Maron , Anton Miriam 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To determine the prevalence of keratoconus (KC) in an Arab population in Israel.

Materials and methods
Videokeratography was performed on volunteer students from the Academic Arab College of Education, in Haifa, Israel. All participants filled out a self-administered questionnaire to evaluate possible risk factors for KC. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed.

Results
Data of 314 participants were analyzed and a prevalence of (N = 10), 3.18% (95% CI, 1.2 to 5.1%) was found. The only significant factor (both in univariate and multivariate analysis) that was associated with KC was parental consanguinity (OR 5.10, p = 0.02). Druzes and Bedouins had a higher prevalence than Muslims and Christians. However, the differences were not significant possibly due to the small size of the sample.

Conclusion
The result of this study was similar to other studies conducted in the Middle East, which indicate a higher prevalence of KC than in western countries. It is also recommended that people who have consanguinity in their family should be topographically tested to detect the early stages of KC.

How to cite this article
Shneor E, Millodot M, Gordon-Shaag A, Essa M, Anton M, Barbara R, Barbara A. Prevalence of Keratoconus among Young Arab Students in Israel. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):9-14.
MyoRing Treatment for Cases of Myopia not eligible for Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Daxer Albert 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Pupose
MyoRing implantation has been shown to be able to mechanically stabilize ectatic corneas like a bone-nail for broken legs do. Here I present typical cases of MyoRing treatment for Myopia which were not eligible for LASIK.

Materials and methods
Four eyes of four patients suffering from moderate to high myopia and showing risk factors for postoperative ectasia have been treated by MyoRing implantation. Two of them have been combined with laser vision correction (LVC).

Results
The refractive results are comparable to those published for LVC. The cases with combined MyoRing LASIK treatment performed slightly better postoperatively than those treated with MyoRing only.

Conclusion
MyoRing implantation is safe and effective in myopic cases presenting with mainfest signs of keratoconus. In myopic eyes without manifest keratoconus but risk factors for post-LASIK keratectasia the combination of MyoRing implantation with Excimer Laser Surface Ablation may be a good treatment option.

How to cite this article
Daxer A. MyoRing Treatment for Cases of Myopia not eligible for Laser Vision Correction. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):20-22.
Corneal Thinning after Contact Lens-related Infective Keratitis
Authors: Salgado-Borges José , Siqueira Renata , Almeida Raquel , Rodrigues Filipa , Santos Matheus , Contarini Patrícia 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To describe two cases of contact lens-related infectious keratitis with secondary corneal thinning.

Material and methods
Case reports and review of the literature.

Results
The first case is of a 13-year-old girl, contact lens user, admitted for acute corneal infection in her right eye (OD). Seven years after treatment, she presented with corneal thinning and flattening with uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/30 OD; thinnest value was 363 µm in OD and 513 µm in the left eye (OS). The second case is a 22-year-old male, cosmetic contact lens user, first presented with severe keratitis in OD. One year after treatment, the eye was quiet with moderate corneal opacity; corneal thickness was 228 µm OD and 561 µm OS. Ectasia was identified due to the protrusion and steepening with an irregular curvature pattern. Rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens fitting enabled visual acuity of 20/25 OD.

Conclusion
Corneal melt with secondary stromal loss and thinning may lead or not to secondary ectasia. Visual rehabilitation is possible with RGP contact lenses despite corneal opacity. The risk of infectious keratitis among contact lenses users should be considered.

How to cite this article
Almeida R, Rodrigues F, Santos M, Siqueira R, Contarini P, Salgado-Borges J, Ambrosio R Jr. Corneal Thinning after Contact Lens-related Infective Keratitis. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(2):95-98.