bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LABOR SUPPLY FACTORS AND ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS
Authors: Foroni Claudia , Furlanetto Francesco , Lepetit Antoine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe propose a new Vector Autoregressive identification scheme that enables us to disentangle labor supply shocks from wage bargaining shocks. Identification is achieved by imposing sign restrictions on the responses of the unemployment rate and the labor force participation rate to the two shocks. According to our analysis on United States data over the period 1985–2014, labor supply shocks and wage bargaining shocks are important drivers of output and unemployment both in the short run and in the long run. These results suggest that identification strategies used in estimated new Keynesian models to disentangle labor market shocks may be misguided.
Two cases of seborrheic keratosis of the external ear canal: involvement of PIK3CA and FGFR3 genes
Authors: De Loof Marie , Van Dorpe Jo , Van Der Meulen Joni , Lefever Steve , Dhooge Ingeborg 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeborrheic keratosis (SK) of the outer ear canal is rarely described in literature. Etiological risk factors involved in SK such as exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) and ultraviolet (UV) light are established but must still be confirmed. In recent years, new insights into the pathogenesis of SKs occurred in the area of molecular pathogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene and p110α subunit of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PIK3CA) oncogene mutations are known to be involved.MethodsWe describe two cases of SK of the outer ear canal. We conducted a review of literature and examined the role of etiological risk factors involved in our cases. The lesions were primarily treated with surgical resection. Postoperatively, in both patients, the lesions recurred after a considerably long disease‐free interval. We tested both FGFR3 and PIK3CA genes for mutations, in the primary and recurrent lesions.ResultsWe did not find any mutations in both genes in all samples.ConclusionAdditional research is needed to further establish possible etiological risk factors and to clarify the involvement of PIK3CA and FGFR3 genes in the pathogenesis of seborrheic keratosis of the outer ear canal. These cases underscore the need for meticulous diagnosis, treatment, and sufficient long‐term follow‐up.
Effects of microencapsulated glucose oxidase on wheat flour dough properties and Chinese steamed bread quality
Authors: Zhang Tianliang , Cui Qun , Zhang Fengxiang , Zhang Lili , Wang Xia 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThis study was to investigate the effects of microencapsulated glucose oxidase (MGO), in comparison with free glucose oxidase (GO), on wheat flour dough properties and Chinese steamed bread (CSB) quality. Effects on wet gluten (WG) content, farinograms and extensograms properties, dynamic rheological properties, microscopic structure, texture profile and sensory evaluation scores were studied. The results demonstrated that MGO catalysed the oxidation of dough at a much slower speed and exerted relatively great advantages in many aspects such as WG content, extensibility, G′ (Elastic modulus), G″ (viscous modulus), tan δ (equal to G′/G″), microstructure and texture properties and sensory evaluation scores of CSB, compared with free GO. The results suggested that slow oxidation of MGO was superior to free GO based on the improvements of wheat flour dough properties and subsequent CSB quality.
Characterization of genetic predisposition and autoantibody profile in atypical haemolytic–uraemic syndrome
Authors: Gurjar Bahadur Singh , Manikanta Sriharsha Tholu , Bhasym Angika , Prabhu Savit , Puraswani Mamta , Khandelwal Priyanka , Saini Himanshi , Saini Savita , Verma Anita Kamra , Chatterjee Priyadarshini , Guchhait Prasenjit , Bal Vineeta , George Anna , Rath Satyajit , Sahu Arvind , Sharma Amita , Hari Pankaj , Sinha Aditi , Bagga Arvind 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWe previously reported that Indian paediatric patients with atypical haemolytic–uraemic syndrome (aHUS) showed high frequencies of anti‐complement factor H (FH) autoantibodies that are correlated with homozygous deletion of the genes for FH‐related proteins 1 and 3 (FHR1 and FHR3) (FHR1/3–/–). We now report that Indian paediatric aHUS patients without anti‐FH autoantibodies also showed modestly higher frequencies of the FHR1/3–/– genotype. Further, when we characterized epitope specificities and binding avidities of anti‐FH autoantibodies in aHUS patients, most anti‐FH autoantibodies were directed towards the FH cell‐surface anchoring polyanionic binding site‐containing C‐terminal short conservative regions (SCRs) 17–20 with higher binding avidities than for native FH. FH SCR17–20‐binding anti‐FH autoantibodies also bound the other cell‐surface anchoring polyanionic binding site‐containing region FH SCR5–8, at lower binding avidities. Anti‐FH autoantibody avidities correlated with antibody titres. These anti‐FH autoantibody characteristics did not differ between aHUS patients with or without the FHR1/3–/– genotype. Our data suggest a complex matrix of interactions between FHR1‐FHR3 deletion, immunomodulation and anti‐FH autoantibodies in the aetiopathogenesis of aHUS.
Living with schizophrenia in rural communities in north‐east Thailand
Authors: Rujkorakarn Darunee , Buatee Supatra , Jundeekrayom Surada , Mills Andrew C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the rural villages of Thailand, rich social support networks exist that bond the community members to help each other. This study explored the barriers and facilitators of living with schizophrenia in Thai villages. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using semi‐structured interviews with individuals with schizophrenia, family members, and significant others. Content analysis of transcripts involved examining the data, recording observations, data reduction, and coding themes. Four main themes emerged from the narratives: (i) keep doing day‐to‐day activities as a way of life; (ii) support sustains day‐to‐day living; (iii) controlling medication side effects maintains daily living; and (iv) managing self maintains daily living. Self‐regulation and social support are keys to moving from dependence to a normative life goal in rural communities. The patterns of living in the rural communities provide a strong social network as people with schizophrenia learn to lead successful lives. Using supportive families and community members as resources is an alternative and effective way of providing supportive care.
Bismuth niobate thin films for dielectric energy storage applications
Authors: Wang Dixiong , Clark Michael B. , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLow‐temperature processed bismuth niobate (BNO) thin films were explored in this work as a potential candidate for high‐energy density capacitors. The BNO samples were fabricated by the chemical solution deposition method followed by a series of ultraviolet (UV) exposure and heat treatments. A UV treatment prior to the final pyrolysis step was found to be useful in eliminating bound carbon. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) demonstrated that the residual carbon could be effectively removed at 350°C after UV exposure. Following a heat treatment at 450°C, the energy storage density of the BNO thin film reached 39 J/cm3 with an efficiency of 72%. Furthermore, 350°C and 375°C treated BNO samples showed high‐temperature stability such that the efficiencies of the films remained above 97% up to 150°C at 10 kHz under 1 MV/cm applied field.
Reducing bias in the dairy cattle single‐step genomic evaluation by ignoring bulls without progeny
Authors: Koivula M. , Strandén I. , Aamand G.P. , Mäntysaari E.A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe number of genotyped animals has increased rapidly creating computational challenges for genomic evaluation. In animal model BLUP, candidate animals without progeny and phenotype do not contribute information to the evaluation and can be discarded. In theory, genotyped candidate animal without progeny can bring information into single‐step BLUP (ssGBLUP) and affect the estimation of other breeding values. We studied the effect of including or excluding genomic information of culled bull calves on genomic breeding values (GEBV) from ssGBLUP. In particular, GEBVs of genotyped bulls with daughters and GEBVs of young bulls selected into AI to be progeny tested (test bulls) were studied. The ssGBLUP evaluation was computed using Nordic test day (TD) model and TD data for the Nordic Red Dairy Cattle. The results indicate that genomic information of culled bull calves does not affect the GEBVs of progeny tested reference animals, but if genotypes of the culled bulls are used in the TD ssGBLUP, the genetic trend in the test bulls is considerably higher compared to the situation when genomic information of the culled bull calves is excluded. It seems that by discarding genomic information of culled bull calves without progeny, upward bias of GEBVs of test bulls is reduced.
Maternal depression impacts child psychopathology across the first decade of life: Oxytocin and synchrony as markers of resilience
Authors: Priel Avital , Djalovski Amir , Zagoory‐Sharon Orna , Feldman Ruth 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundWhile maternal depression is known to carry long‐term negative consequences for offspring, very few studies followed children longitudinally to address markers of resilience in the context of maternal depression. We focused on oxytocin (OT) and mother–child synchrony – the biological and behavioral arms of the neurobiology of affiliation – as correlates of resilience among children of depressed mothers.MethodA community birth‐cohort was recruited on the second postbirth day and repeatedly assessed for maternal depression across the first year. At 6 and 10 years, mothers and children underwent psychiatric diagnosis, mother–child interactions were coded for maternal sensitivity, child social engagement, and mother–child synchrony, children's OT assayed, and externalizing and internalizing problems reported.ResultsExposure to maternal depression markedly increased child propensity to develop Axis‐I disorder at 6 and 10 years. Child OT showed main effects for both maternal depression and child psychiatric disorder at 6 and 10 years, with maternal or child psychopathology attenuating OT response. In contrast, maternal depression decreased synchrony at 6 years but by 10 years synchrony showed only child disorder effect, highlighting the shift from direct to indirect effects as children grow older. Path analysis linking maternal depression to child externalizing and internalizing problems at 10 years controlling for 6‐year variables indicated that depression linked with decreased maternal sensitivity and child OT, which predicted reduced child engagement and synchrony, leading to higher externalizing and internalizing problems. OT and synchrony mediated the effects of maternal depression on child behavior problems and an alternative model without these resilience components provided less adequate fit.ConclusionsMaternal depression continues to play a role in children's development beyond infancy. The mediating effects of OT and synchronous, mutually regulated interactions underscore the role of plasticity in resilience. Results emphasize the need to follow children of depressed mothers across middle childhood and construct interventions that bolster age‐appropriate synchrony.
Pelvis morphology suggests that early Mesozoic birds were too heavy to contact incubate their eggs
Authors: Charles Deeming D. , Mayr Gerald 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNumerous new fossils have driven an interest in reproduction of early birds, but direct evidence remains elusive. No Mesozoic avian eggs can be unambiguously assigned to a species, which hampers our understanding of the evolution of contact incubation, which is a defining feature of extant birds. Compared to living species, eggs of Mesozoic birds are relatively small, but whether the eggs of Mesozoic birds could actually have borne the weight of a breeding adult has not yet been investigated. We estimated maximal egg breadth for a range of Mesozoic avian taxa from the width of the pelvic canal defined by the pubic symphysis. Known elongation ratios of Mesozoic bird eggs allowed us to predict egg mass and hence the load mass an egg could endure before cracking. These values were compared to the predicted body masses of the adult birds based on skeletal remains. Based on 21 fossil species, we show that for nonornithothoracine birds body mass was 187% of the load mass of the eggs. For Enantiornithes, body mass was 127% greater than the egg load mass, but some early Cretaceous ornithuromorphs were 179% heavier than their eggs could support. Our indirect approach provides the best evidence yet that early birds could not have sat on their eggs without running the risk of causing damage. We suggest that contact incubation evolved comparatively late in birds.
Transforming clinical practice guidelines and clinical pathways into fast‐and‐frugal decision trees to improve clinical care strategies
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin , Hozo Iztok , Dale William 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundContemporary delivery of health care is inappropriate in many ways, largely due to suboptimal Q5 decision‐making. A typical approach to improve practitioners' decision‐making is to develop evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines (CPG) by guidelines panels, who are instructed to use their judgments to derive practice recommendations. However, mechanisms for the formulation of guideline judgments remains a “black‐box” operation—a process with defined inputs and outputs but without sufficient knowledge of its internal workings.MethodsIncreased explicitness and transparency in the process can be achieved by implementing CPG as clinical pathways (CPs) (also known as clinical algorithms or flow‐charts). However, clinical recommendations thus derived are typically ad hoc and developed by experts in a theory‐free environment. As any recommendation can be right (true positive or negative), or wrong (false positive or negative), the lack of theoretical structure precludes the quantitative assessment of the management strategies recommended by CPGs/CPs.ResultsTo realize the full potential of CPGs/CPs, they need to be placed on more solid theoretical grounds. We believe this potential can be best realized by converting CPGs/CPs within the heuristic theory of decision‐making, often implemented as fast‐and‐frugal (FFT) decision trees. This is possible because FFT heuristic strategy of decision‐making can be linked to signal detection theory, evidence accumulation theory, and a threshold model of decision‐making, which, in turn, allows quantitative analysis of the accuracy of clinical management strategies.ConclusionsFast‐and‐frugal provides a simple and transparent, yet solid and robust, methodological framework connecting decision science to clinical care, a sorely needed missing link between CPGs/CPs and patient outcomes. We therefore advocate that all guidelines panels express their recommendations as CPs, which in turn should be converted into FFTs to guide clinical care.
Plant genetics enters the nano age?
Authors: Joldersma Dirk , Liu Zhongchi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPlant transformation has for many years relied on agrobacterium infection or biolistic particle delivery. However, these two methods are limited to model plant systems or a small number of crop species. This commentary highlights recent developments in the nanoparticle‐mediated transformation that have the potential to revolutionize how plants are transformed.
Walking performance in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome: the role of obesity and sleep problems
Authors: Chen C.‐C. (J. J.) , Ringenbach S. D. R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundHigh prevalence of obesity and features of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are major health issues in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), and both may also affect adversely on their daily activities. Further, lower levels of physical work capacity (PWC) have been reported in this population compared to their peers with intellectual disabilities. However, no study examines the relationships between obesity and sleep problems with PWC in individuals with DS. Thus, this study investigated the influence of body mass index (BMI) and different types of sleep problems on PWC in adolescents and young adults with DS (14–31 years).MethodsThe incremental treadmill walking trial was used to assess PWC.ResultsThe negative associations were indicated between BMI and walking steps (p = .03) as well as features with OSA and walking steps (p = .04). Thus, BMI and OSA were included in the regression analysis to estimate the walking steps achieved during walking trials. In addition, Bland‐Altman plots demonstrated no overestimation and underestimation of variability in the difference between actual and estimated walking steps developed by using BMI and OSA.ConclusionsObesity and sleep problem are potentially detrimental to walking performance (i.e., fewer walking steps) in individuals with DS. Thus, individuals with DS may adopt a slow walk speed due to the increased balance deficits and physical fatigue that result from obesity and sleep fragmentation, respectively. Exercise interventions, which have the potential to reduce obesity and OSA, are recommended to improve the accomplishment of PWC in individuals with DS.
The effect of increased NaCl intake on rat brain endogenous μ‐opioid receptor signalling
Authors: Dadam F. , Zádor F. , Caeiro X. , Szűcs E. , Erdei A. I. , Samavati R. , Gáspár R. , Borsodi A. , Vivas L. 
Published: February 2018

Numerous studies demonstrate the significant role of central β‐endorphin and its receptor, the μ‐opioid receptor (MOR), in sodium intake regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between chronic high‐NaCl intake and brain endogenous MOR functioning. We examined whether short‐term (4 days) obligatory salt intake (2% NaCl solution) in rats induces changes in MOR mRNA expression, G‐protein activity and MOR binding capacity in brain regions involved in salt intake regulation. Plasma osmolality and electrolyte concentrations after sodium overload and the initial and final body weight of the animals were also examined. After 4 days of obligatory hypertonic sodium chloride intake, there was clearly no difference in MOR mRNA expression and G‐protein activity in the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO). In the brainstem, MOR binding capacity also remained unaltered, although the maximal efficacy of MOR G‐protein significantly increased. Finally, no significant alterations were observed in plasma osmolality and electrolyte concentrations. Interestingly, animals that received sodium gained significantly less weight than control animals. In conclusion, we found no significant alterations in the MnPO and brainstem in the number of available cell surface MORs or de novo syntheses of MOR after hypertonic sodium intake. The increased MOR G‐protein activity following acute sodium overconsumption may participate in the maintenance of normal blood pressure levels and/or in enhancing sodium taste aversion and sodium overload‐induced anorexia.
Quantitative axial myology in two constricting snakes:Lampropeltis holbrookiandPantherophis obsoletus
Authors: Penning David A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA snake's body represents an extreme degree of elongation with immense muscle complexity. Snakes have approximately 25 different muscles on each side of the body at each vertebra. These muscles serially repeat, overlap, interconnect, and rarely insert parallel to the vertebral column. The angled muscles mean that simple measurements of anatomical cross‐sectional area (ACSA, perpendicular to the long‐axis of the body) serve only as proxies for the primary determinant of muscle force, physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA, area perpendicular to the muscle fibers). Here, I describe and quantify the musculature of two intraguild constrictors: kingsnakes (Lampropeltis holbrooki) and ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus) whose predation performance varies considerably. Kingsnakes can produce significantly higher constriction pressures compared with ratsnakes of similar size. In both snakes, I provide qualitative descriptions, detail previously undescribed complexity, identify a new lateral muscle, and provide some of the first quantitative measures of individual muscle and whole‐bodyPCSA. Furthermore, I compare measurements ofACSAwith measurements ofPCSA. There was no significant difference inPCSAof muscles between kingsnakes and ratsnakes. There is, however, a strong relationship betweenACSAandPCSAmeasurements. I could not identify a significant difference in musculature between kingsnakes and ratsnakes that explains their different levels of constriction performance. Unmeasured components of muscle function, such as endurance and force production, might account for differences in performance between two species with similar muscle structure.
Developmental outcomes of Japanese children born through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in toddlerhood
Authors: Aoki Sayaka , Hashimoto Keiji , Ogawa Kohei , Horikawa Reiko , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate developmental outcomes of Japanese babies born through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) at ages 2 and 3.MethodsThe data were gathered from 1085 children in a hospital‐based cohort study conducted in Japan. The children's level of development was assessed through a parent‐rated questionnaire, the Kinder Infant Development Scale, which consists of nine developmental domains. We compared the development of children born through ART and those born naturally by conducting analyses of covariance. For the analyses, the effect of maternal age, family income, parental education and multiple birth were controlled for.ResultsAt 24 months, no significant difference was found between children born through ART and those born naturally in development in any domain. At 36 months, a significant difference was found in development of Receptive language (F (1, 845) = 6.148, P = 0.013), Expressive language (F (1, 845) = 4.060, P = 0.044) and Language concept (F (1, 845) = 6.968, P = 0.008). For these domains, children born through ART had a significantly higher developmental age compared to children born naturally.ConclusionAt age 2, no significant difference was found between the children born through ART and those born naturally in nine developmental domains, although at age 3, the children born through ART showed significantly better language development than the children born naturally.