bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metodología del trabajo infantil en la zona rural con edades de escolaridad
Authors: Avendaño Juan de Dios , Zúniga-González Carlos Alberto 
Published: May 2018

En la aplicación de este estudio se indagó la práctica realizada por actores sociales y educativos que ve este fenómeno social como afectación especial a la niñez rural. Por lo que es una forma colaborativa, con la finalidad de mejorar su práctica educativa a través de ciclos de acción y reflexión que nos ayude a encontrar una solución viable para el problema planteado. Además, en el ámbito educativo de investigación sobre metodologías y problemas asociados, se puede obtener la información mediante la revisión de documentos relacionado a problemas así como el papel de la recopilación de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos con el fin de encontrar el eje de algunas posibilidades como estrategia de cambio y desarrollo profesional. Aparte de valorar los programas sociales que ayuda mitigar este problema y su efectividad en la protección y conservación del derecho de la niñez, analizar los actores sociales y educativos que protegen a la niñez así como los estudios enfocados en este fenómeno. Por ende, la parte geográfica del lugar es importante en el estudio así como la parte psico afectiva del mismo para ver sus puntos centrales de su aceptación dentro de la sociedad. En los resultados se concluye que el objetivo de este ensayo orientado en el método de investigación es tener una idea previa acerca del trabajo infantil en la zona rural que algunas familias no ven la educación como la preparación del cuerpo, alma y espíritu; da como resultado formación de buenos líderes y dirigentes futuros de este país.
Bullyng maltrato infantil en estudiantes de primaria
Authors: Herrera-Acosta Juanita Auxiliadora , Zúniga-Gonzalez Carlos Alberto 
Published: May 2018

El presente ensayo se centró en el maltrato de estudiantes de primaria que los autores han centralizados sus investigaciones, aplicando sus diversas metodologías tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa que nos ayuda a comprender este fenómeno. Además, el estudio en el que se analizó cada una de las conductas de ultraje por injusticia de poder con relación a tres tipologías (víctimas, agresores y testigos), siguiendo una metodología algo distinta a la utilizada en general en los estudios sobre incidencia incluyendo el estudio llevado a cabo los aspectos físicos y psicológicos de los tres actores que convive con este flagelo y lo más peligrosos es que estos lo ven como algo normal y acepta esta situación. También con respecto, el fenómeno bullying es el que más se ha estudiado en comparación con otras formas de violencia. Este análisis se ha limitado al ámbito escolar y a las relaciones entre iguales dejando fuera, en muchos casos, los posibles fenómenos de abuso de adultos hacia niños y viceversa, así como de otros tipos de agresión que puedan acontecer en el ámbito escolar y que no son, propiamente, fenómenos sociales educativos. Conjuntamente, una forma sencilla de llevarlo a cabo este estudio se puede elaborar una parrilla semanal que acceda a cada docente almacenar en cada aula, el tipo y la repetición de las actuaciones del alumnado que consideran "disruptivos", para poder cumplir un observaciones más global y exhaustivo de su acontecimiento y, en colaboración con el equipo docente y el alumnado, negociar gestiones que accedan minimizarlas.
Metodología de investigación enfocado en el análisis Cualitativo–Cuantitativo aplicado a los Factores que condicionan la deserción escolar de los alumnos de secundaria Somotillo
Authors: Ordoñez Jose Joel , Fornos-Garcia Vianey 
Published: May 2018

En el presente estudio se investigó de manera concreta y especifica con el propósito de validar y/o experimentar un trabajo para su posterior documentación con artículos bien documentados que son de gran utilidad para la sociedad. Por medio de la investigación cualitativa o cuantitativa que efectúan los investigadores, ya sea éste de acuerdo a su desempeño donde se desenvuelven o resultados obtenidos, muchos de estos son aprovechados por las sociedades, así como otros de ninguna manera. Además, se considera que el análisis en los últimos años, diversos investigadores han definido y estructurado este tipo de metodología como el haz de grandes avances para facilitar el trabajo en documentación bibliográfica, estudios de casos, u otras investigaciones de casos de estudio de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo.
Is Perception of Stand-on-able-ness Equivalent Across Degrees of Dynamic Touch?
Authors: Hajnal Alen , Doyon Jonathan K. , Clark Joseph D. , Wagman Jeffrey B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
From the ecological perspective on perception and action, objects and events structure patterned energy distributions such that this structure is specific to its source. Moreover, such structure is invariant over transformations and over particular instances of perceiving. Therefore, the ability to perceive a given functional property is potentially equivalent across both different perceptual modalities and different configurations of the same perceptual modality. We investigated whether this is the case for perception of affordances of a surface that is explored with a part of the body in different contexts. Specifically, we investigated perception of whether an inclined surface could be stood on when the participant explored that surface by stepping onto it with and without bearing weight on the foot. Analyses of the proportion of “yes” responses, the steepest slope angles that were perceived to afford upright stance, and the steepest slope angles that afforded upright stance revealed no differences between perception across the 2 conditions. In particular, there was no difference in perceptual boundaries across the 2 conditions, and neither of these was different from the behavioral boundary. Our findings support the hypothesis that the stimulation patterns supporting perception are invariant across degrees of exploration and are consistent with the hypothesis that the haptic perceptual system is organized as part of a complex biotensegrity system.
Sequential Difficulty Effects in Cognitive and Sensorimotor Tasks: Insights from Arithmetic and Fitts Tasks
Authors: Poletti Céline , Sleimen-Malkoun Rita , Temprado Jean-Jacques , Lemaire Patrick 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The present study tested sequential difficulty effects (SDEs) in arithmetic problem solving and Fitts’ aiming task for the same individuals. SDEs refer to poorer performance on current items following harder items relative to after easier items. Young and older adults accomplished an arithmetic task (i.e., finding the approximate products to two-digit multiplication problems) and a Fitts aiming task (i.e., performing rapid pointing movements to reach the finish areas). Current items were preceded by two easy or difficult items (i.e., in the repeated-precursor condition) or only one easy or difficult item (i.e., in the unrepeated-precursor condition). Participants’ performance revealed SDEs in both the arithmetic and the aiming tasks only when the difficulty level of the precursor items was repeated. Data also revealed comparable SDEs in both age groups during the arithmetic task but SDEs only in older adults while participants accomplished the aiming task. These findings have a number of implications for our understanding of mechanisms underlying SDEs and age-related differences in SDEs, as they suggest that SDEs involve both domain-general and domain-specific mechanisms that are differentially influenced by aging.
Mary McCarthy and Cecylia Wojewoda: The Story of a Friendship
Authors: Wilson Reuel K. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article describes the friendship between Mary McCarthy, the American writer of fiction and essays, and Cecylia Wojewoda, her Polish translator. In her youth, Wojewoda was an aspiring poet and playwright; later she became a respected translator of Anglo-American literature (especially theater). The two women first met in Warsaw in 1959. The author, McCarthy’s son, describes, with ample citations from the correspondence, a warm and complex relationship, which transcended factual matters associated with translation. He evokes the give-and-take in this “marriage of true minds,” the two principals’ erudition, and their shared love of Shakespeare. A tie of mutual sympathy kept the friendship going until McCarthy’s death in 1989. The article sheds light on Wojewoda’s earlier life, including a harrowing time in Slovakia in 1944, during the Slovak uprising against the Nazis, and her husband Bolesław’s premature death in London two years later.
Obrazy miasta w utworach polskich grup alternatywnych lat 80. XX wieku
Authors: Jeziński Marek 
Published: May 2018

In the paper I analyse the ways in which a city, urbanism, city space and people living in urban environment are portrayed in Polish popular music, especially in the songs of Polish alternative bands of the 80. inthe 20th century. In popular music, the city is pictured in several ways, among which the most important is the use of words as song lyrics that illustrate urban way of life. The city should be treated as an immanent part of the rock music mythology present in the songs and in the names of bands. In the case of Polish alternative rock music of the 80.such elements are found in songs of such artists as Lech Janerka, Variete, Siekiera, Dezerter, Deuter, AyaRL. The visions	of urbanism taken from their songs are the exemplifications used in the paper.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Running Versus Interrupted Subcuticular Sutures for Skin Closure in Open Gastric Surgery
Authors: Inoue Kentaro , Michiura Taku , Fukui Junichi , Mukaide Hiromi , Ozaki Takashi , Miki Hirokazu , Kaibori Masaki , Satoi Sohei , Kon Masanori , Hamada Madoka 
Published: May 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare the scar quality associated with different types of subcuticular suture techniques: running or interrupted.

Summary of Background Data:
Subcuticular suture is a preferred skin closure method even in gastrointestinal surgery. Two methods for subcuticular suture are used: running or interrupted sutures.

Methods:
Inclusion criteria were as follows: age ≥ 20 years; American Society of Anesthesiologists performance status 1 to 3; histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the stomach; no evidence of distant metastases or disease considered unresectable; no prior upper abdominal surgery; no uncontrolled infections, diabetes, or cardiac disease; and adequate renal function. Patients were randomly assigned to running subcuticular suture or interrupted subcuticular suture. Scar areas were calculated using a digital photograph calculator at about 7 months after surgery. The observer scar assessment scale (OSAS) was used for scar assessment.

Results:
Between April 10, 2009, and February 28, 2012, 220 patients were enrolled into this study and 201 patients were evaluated. There was no difference in scar area between the interrupted group and the running group [0.97 cm2 (95% CI: 0.73–1.21) in the interrupted group and 1.17 cm2 (95% CI: 0.91–1.42, P = 0.27) in the running group]. Three observers performed the OSAS, for which no significant difference was detected across the closure groups.

Conclusions:
There were no significant differences in cosmetic outcomes between running and interrupted subcuticular sutures. The final decision about the choice of method should be made balancing surgeon needs (time-saving with running) and surgeon techniques (running might be difficult).
Advances in Biomaterials for Drug Delivery
Authors: Fenton Owen S. , Olafson Katy N. , Pillai Padmini S. , Mitchell Michael J. , Langer Robert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAdvances in biomaterials for drug delivery are enabling significant progress in biology and medicine. Multidisciplinary collaborations between physical scientists, engineers, biologists, and clinicians generate innovative strategies and materials to treat a range of diseases. Specifically, recent advances include major breakthroughs in materials for cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune diseases, and genome editing. Here, strategies for the design and implementation of biomaterials for drug delivery are reviewed. A brief history of the biomaterials field is first established, and then commentary on RNA delivery, responsive materials development, and immunomodulation are provided. Current challenges associated with these areas as well as opportunities to address long‐standing problems in biology and medicine are discussed throughout.
Raman Signatures of Broken Inversion Symmetry and In‐Plane Anisotropy in Type‐II Weyl Semimetal Candidate TaIrTe4
Authors: Liu Yinan , Gu Qiangqiang , Peng Yu , Qi Shaomian , Zhang Na , Zhang Yinong , Ma Xiumei , Zhu Rui , Tong Lianming , Feng Ji , Liu Zheng , Chen Jian‐Hao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe layered ternary compound TaIrTe4 is an important candidate to host the recently predicted type‐II Weyl fermions. However, a direct and definitive proof of the absence of inversion symmetry in this material, a prerequisite for the existence of Weyl Fermions, has so far remained evasive. Herein, an unambiguous identification of the broken inversion symmetry in TaIrTe4 is established using angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy. Combining with high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, an efficient and nondestructive recipe to determine the exact crystallographic orientation of TaIrTe4 crystals is demonstrated. Such technique could be extended to the fast identification and characterization of other type‐II Weyl fermions candidates. A surprisingly strong in‐plane electrical anisotropy in TaIrTe4 thin flakes is also revealed, up to 200% at 10 K, which is the strongest known electrical anisotropy for materials with comparable carrier density, notably in such good metals as copper and silver.
Spin‐Dependent Processes Measured without a Permanent Magnet
Authors: Fontanesi Claudio , Capua Eyal , Paltiel Yossi , Waldeck David H. , Naaman Ron 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA novel Hall circuit design that can be incorporated into a working electrode, which is used to probe spin‐selective charge transfer and charge displacement processes, is reviewed herein. The general design of a Hall circuit based on a semiconductor heterostructure, which forms a shallow 2D electron gas and is used as an electrode, is described. Three different types of spin‐selective processes have been studied with this device in the past: i) photoinduced charge exchange between quantum dots and the working electrode through chiral molecules is associated with spin polarization that creates a local magnetization and generates a Hall voltage; ii) charge polarization of chiral molecules by an applied voltage is accompanied by a spin polarization that generates a Hall voltage; and iii) cyclic voltammetry (current–voltage) measurements of electrochemical redox reactions that can be spin‐analyzed by the Hall circuit to provide a third dimension (spin) in addition to the well‐known current and voltage dimensions. The three studies reviewed open new doors into understanding both the spin current and the charge current in electronic materials and electrochemical processes.
Engineering Whole Mammalian Cells for Target‐Cell‐Specific Invasion/Fusion
Authors: Kojima Ryosuke , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLive mammalian cells are equipped with a synthetic cell invasion system that enables their target‐specific insertion into other live mammalian cells. By conjugating RhoA activator to a transmembrane protein that is segregated from cell–cell interface when specific cell contact occurs, polarization of RhoA activity is synthetically induced inside the cells in response to specific cell contact. This polarization is a sufficient condition for invader cells to selectively penetrate cells expressing a target antigen. Further, when an acid‐responsive fusogenic protein is expressed on invader cells, invader/receiver cell fusion occurs after invasion, and the invader's intracellular contents are released into the recipient's cytosol. It is shown that this system can be used for specific cell ablation. This synthetic‐biology‐inspired cell invasion/fusion system might open the door to using whole mammalian cells for cargo delivery purposes or for ablation of a specific cell type.
Novel PLS3 variants in X‐linked osteoporosis: Exploring bone material properties
Authors: Balasubramanian Meena , Fratzl‐Zelman Nadja , O'Sullivan Rory , Bull Mary , FA Peel Nicola , Pollitt Rebecca C , Jones Rebecca , Milne Elizabeth , Smith Kath , Roschger Paul , Klaushofer Klaus , Bishop Nicholas J 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundIdiopathic Juvenile Osteoporosis (IJO) refers to significantly lower than expected bone mass manifesting in childhood with no identifiable aetiology. IJO classically presents in early pubertal period with multiple fractures including metaphyseal and vertebral crush fractures, and low bone‐mass.MethodsHere we describe two patients and provide information on their clinical phenotype, genotype and bone material analysis in one of the patients.ResultsPatient 1: 40‐year old adult male diagnosed with IJO in childhood who re‐presented with a hip fracture as an adult. Genetic analysis identified a pathogenic PLS3 hemizygous variant, c.1765del in exon 16. Patient 2: 15‐year old boy with multiple vertebral fractures and bone biopsy findings suggestive of IJO who also has a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Genetic analysis identified a maternally inherited PLS3 pathogenic c.1295T>A variant in exon 12. Analyses of the transiliac bone sample revealed severe reduction of trabecular volume and bone turnover indices and elevated bone matrix mineralisation.DiscussionWe propose that genetic testing for PLS3 should be undertaken in patients presenting with a current or previous history of IJO as this has implications for genetic counselling and cascade screening. The extensive evaluation of the transiliac biopsy sample of Patient 2 revealed a novel bone phenotype.ConclusionThis report includes a review of IJO and genetic causes of osteoporosis, and suggests that existing cases of IJO should be screened for PLS3. Through analysis of bone material properties in Patient 2, we can conclude that PLS3 does have a role in bone mineralisation.
Short dispersal distance of males in a wild white‐handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) population
Authors: Matsudaira Kazunari , Ishida Takafumi , Malaivijitnond Suchinda , Reichard Ulrich H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesIt has long been recognized that in gibbons both sexes disperse from the natal group. However, the fate of dispersed individuals was rarely documented. Here we provide the first detailed information on sex differences in dispersal patterns by analyzing the spatial genetic structure of a well‐known white‐handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) population.Materials and methodsMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y‐chromosomal haplotypes, and autosomal microsatellite genotypes were determined for individuals of the Mo Singto study site, Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. Mantel tests for the three genetic marker types were performed for 17 gibbon groups comprising 23 adult males and 18 adult females.ResultsSignificant positive Mantel correlations were observed for spatial distance and both autosomal microsatellite‐based as well as Y‐chromosomal haplotype‐based genetic distance among adult males. Neighboring adult males tended to be genetically related and share Y‐chromosomal haplotypes. Conversely, no significant Mantel correlations were observed either in autosomal microsatellites or mtDNA among adult females.DiscussionOur results confirm, at a genetic level, hypotheses from long‐term demographic observations that white‐handed gibbon males of the Mo Singto population primarily disperse into adjacent groups. Instead, females disperse more opportunistically either to adjacent or more distant groups. This sex‐specific difference reflects an apparent greater tolerance between males than between females. The higher tolerance of adult males allows the formation of stable multimale groups and facilitates male dispersal into an adjacent group. Stable multifemale groups have never been documented for white‐handed gibbons probably due to feeding competition between females.
A novel passive micromixer with modified asymmetric lateral wall structures
Authors: Wang Hanlin , Shi Liuyong , Zhou Teng , Xu Chao , Deng Yongbo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHomogeneous and rapid mixing in microfluidic devices have always been the premise requirement due to its integration with bioengineering and chemical experiments. In this work, a novel passive micromixer with modified asymmetric lateral wall structures is designed. The numerical simulation is carried out at the Reynolds number ranging from 0.1 to 100 for the novel microchannel and the ordinary “S”‐shaped microchannel. The results indicate that, compared with the “S”‐shaped micromixer, the novel structure exhibits superior mixing performance, which can be attributed to the increasing inertial effect and formation of secondary flow. The simulation results suggest that the novel micromixer developed here will achieve an efficient mixing performance.
Liquid chromatographic and spectrofluorimetric assays of empagliflozin: Applied to degradation kinetic study and content uniformity testing
Authors: Abdel‐Ghany Maha F. , Ayad Miriam F. , Tadros Mariam M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for determination of empagliflozin (EGF). EGF was subjected to oxidation, wet heat, photo‐degradation, acid hydrolysis and alkali hydrolysis. The alkaline degradation pathway was subjected to a kinetics study as the major product obtained after stress conditions. Arrhenius plots were constructed and the activation energies of the degradation process were calculated. HPLC was used for the kinetic study as it enabled simultaneous determination of EGF and the degradation product while the spectrofluorimetric assay was applied to content uniformity testing due to its higher sensitivity and lower limit of detection (LOD). Isocratic chromatographic elution was attained for HPLC on a Intersil® C18 column (150 mm × 4 mm, 5 μm), using a mobile phase of acetonitrile–potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 4, (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 225 nm. The relative fluorescence intensity was recorded by spectrofluorimeter applying synchronous mode using ∆λ = 70 nm at 297.6 nm. Linearity ranges were found to be 5–50 μg/ml and 50–1000 ng/ml for HPLC and spectrofluorimetric methods, respectively.
Transcatheter electrosurgery in bipolar or monopolar modes
Authors: Khan Jaffar M. , Lederman Robert J. 
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Transcatheter electrosurgery has emerging value in a range of other new procedures that require traversing tissue (transcaval access, transcatheter Glenn Shunt) or slicing tissue (LAMPOON slicing of the mitral valve and BASILICA slicing of the aortic valve).
This is the first report of bipolar radiofrequency wires used to cross lesions in humans, reported here in seven re‐entry CTO cases.
The bipolar configuration may provide directionality to charge without need for wire alignment and advancement, but is theoretically disadvantageous for tissue “cutting” because of problems with charge concentration.