bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How real are adjective order constraints? Multiple prenominal adjectives at the grammatical interfaces
Authors: Kotowski Sven , Härtl Holden 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Adjective order restrictions on attributive adjectives (AORs) have been subject to debate in modern linguistic research for a long time. Most generally, the question whether AORs can be located in grammar as such in rule-based fashion is still unsettled. In the current paper, we largely argue against this view and claim that several of the core data to be explained are preferences based on norms rather than rules. A pragmatic explanation is offered to account for marked or apparently ungrammatical examples. First, we demarcate AORs in the narrow sense against data based on truth-conditional differences, show the sole hard constraint to be found in a distinction between object- and kind-modification, and introduce several of the factors argued to drive AORs in the literature. A large-scale corpus study on German AAN-phrases shows a hierarchy of relative adjectives preceding absolute ones to reliably predict preferences, while temporariness and weight do not. We then illustrate that norm-based preferences can be overwritten via discourse linking and implement markedness in out-of-the-blue contexts pragmatically based on the M-principle. Speculating that AORs in the narrow sense have their origins in more general cognitive principles, our findings support approaches that locate the better part of AORs outside the realm of core grammar.
Target-Falle oder Empörungsfalle?
Authors: Hellwig Martin 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDie deutsche Diskussion über die Europäische Währungsunion steckt in einer Empörungsfalle. Rechtsnormen und Zahlen werden ungenau und missverständlich wiedergegeben, Kausalzusammenhänge werden nicht belegt. Der Begriff des „Target-Kredits“ vermengt volkswirtschaftliche und einzelwirtschaftliche Vorstellungen auf unzulässige Weise und ist analytisch unbrauchbar. Dass die Deutsche Bundesbank in ihrem operativen Geschäft nicht selbständig agiert, wird verdrängt. Eine inhaltliche Auseinandersetzung mit den Aufgaben der Zentralbank fehlt weitgehend. Die Besonderheiten eines deckungslosen Papiergelds werden nicht angemessen berücksichtigt. Die in wiederholten Verlustwarnungen enthaltene Priorisierung fiskalischer Belange ist sachlich verfehlt und ordnungspolitisch gefährlich.
Optical strain measurements on fast moving fiber reinforced polymer rotors using diffraction gratings
Authors: Lich Julian , Wollmann Tino , Filippatos Angelos , Gude Maik , Kuschmierz Robert , Czarske Jürgen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In-situ measurements of the deformation and of the structural dynamical behavior of moving composite structures, such as rotors made of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP), are necessary in order to validate newly developed simulation models. Local methods like strain gauges and fiber Bragg gratings lack spatial resolution, while contactless optical methods like image correlation or speckle interferometry suffer from noise effects in the presence of fast rigid body movements. A novel compact sensor – based on the diffraction grating method – is introduced for spatially and temporally resolved strain measurement. The use of a line camera allows the measurement of vibrations up to several tens of kHz. With a scanning movement, strain fields at submillimeter resolution can be recorded. The use of two diffraction orders and an objective lens reduces cross sensitivities to rigid body movements on the strain measurement by two to three orders of magnitude. A validation on a GFRP probe was conducted in a quasi-static tensile test with an optical extensometer up to 14500 µϵ. Furthermore, a strain measurement on a moving rotor at surface speeds up to 75 m/s was performed and the results were compared with those of strain gauges as a gold standard. The statistical standard deviation was around 10 µϵ and independent of the rotational speed.
New Approaches for On-court Endurance Testing and Conditioning in Competitive Tennis Players
Authors: Baiget Ernest , Iglesias Xavier , Fuentes Juan P. , Rodríguez Ferran A. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
THE CONTROL AND QUANTIFICATION OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL TRAINING LOADS IS ESSENTIAL TO THE CORRECT DESIGN OF TRAINING PROGRAMS. IN TENNIS, ALONG WITH ANAEROBIC, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND TACTICAL ABILITIES, TECHNICAL SKILLS AND ENDURANCE CONDITIONING ARE KEY TO COMPETITIVE PERFORMANCE. THEREFORE, IT COULD BE USEFUL TO USE TESTING AND TRAINING LOADS AND METHODS THAT INCLUDE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND TECHNICAL PARAMETERS AT THE SAME TIME. THE AIM OF THIS REVIEW IS TO IDENTIFY A NEW TRAINING LOAD PARAMETER, SUITABLE FOR ON-COURT USE IN TENNIS, BASED ON TECHNICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SKILLS, TO ALLOW CONTROL OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL LOADS.
Pore Structure Characteristics of RAP-Inclusive Cement Mortar and Cement Concrete Using Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Technique
Authors: Abraham Sarah Mariam , Ransinchung G. D. R. N. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The pore structure characteristics of cement mortar and concrete incorporating reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) fine aggregates as part replacements of natural fine aggregates (NAs) were studied using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) technique. NAs were replaced by RAP at 25, 50, 75, and 100 % by volume of total fine aggregates. Mineral admixtures, namely silica fume and activated sugarcane bagasse ash, were incorporated as part replacements of cement as well. MIP technique could identify the mesopores and macropores in the cementitious mixture. Porosity increases with an increase in RAP content in cementitious mixture, owing to larger and porous interfacial transition zone. Total intrusion pore volume increases with an increase in RAP content and is greater than the control mix irrespective of RAP content and mineral admixture. Mesopores and macropores follow a similar trend as total intrusion pore volume, suggesting finer and larger pores in RAP-inclusive cementitious mixtures. Threshold diameters were observed to initially decrease until 50 % RAP content and to increase thereafter for RAP-inclusive cement mortar, suggesting easy penetration of chemical species for higher RAP content mixes. From pore classification studies, entrained air, large capillaries, medium capillaries, and small capillaries were also analyzed. Large capillaries follow a similar trend to threshold diameter, in which the former affects the transport processes in cementitious mixture. RAP-inclusive cementitious mixtures have the ability to resist freeze as well as thaw and salt decay; this is concluded indirectly from pore structure studies. The pore-mass fractal dimension has the ability to describe the pore-solid structure, whereas the pore-surface fractal dimension failed to do so for RAP-inclusive cementitious mixtures.
A New Cyclic Simple Shear Test Procedure with Multidirectional Loading
Authors: Le Viet Hung , Rackwitz Frank 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article presents a new procedure for cyclic simple shear tests with a change in the loading direction. For the experimental investigation of sand under drained condition, a conventional simple shear test device (unidirectional simple shear) was used. After modification of the specimen cell, the cell can rotate during the test, enabling the load direction to be changed. The construction of this modified version and its test procedure are explained in detail. This modification and test procedure can also be used for different simple shear devices of the same type. Furthermore, a test series involving Berlin sand was conducted with the direction of cyclic loading being changed once during each test. The test results indicate that a change in the cyclic direction has a significant influence on the accumulated deformation of sand.
Unravelling the Complex Genetics of Karnal Bunt (Tilletia indica) Resistance in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum) by Genetic Linkage and Genome-Wide Association Analyses
Authors: Emebiri Livinus , Singh Sukhwinder , Tan Mui-Keng , Singh Pawan K , Fuentes-Dávila Guillermo , Ogbonnaya Francis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractKarnal bunt caused by Tilletia indica Mitra [syn. Neovossia indica (Mitra) Mundkur] is a significant biosecurity concern for wheat-exporting countries that are free of the disease. It is a seed-, soil-and air-borne disease with no effective chemical control measures. The current study used data from multi-year field experiments of two bi-parental populations and a genome-wide association (GWA) mapping panel to unravel the genetic basis for resistance in common wheat. Broad-sense heritability for Karnal bunt resistance in the populations varied from 0.52 in the WH542×HD29 population, to 0.61 in the WH542×W485 cross and 0.71 in a GWAS panel. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis with seven years of phenotypic data identified a major locus on chromosome 3B (R2 = 27.8%) and a minor locus on chromosome 1A (R2 = 12.2%), in the WH542×HD29 population, with both parents contributing the high-value alleles. A major locus (R2 = 27.8%) and seven minor loci (R2 = 4.4–15.8%) were detected in the WH542×W485 population. GWA mapping validated QTL regions in the bi-parent populations, but also identified novel loci not previously associated with Karnal bunt resistance. Meta-QTL analysis aligned the results from this study with those reported in wheat over the last two decades. Two major clusters were detected, the first on chromosome 4B, which clustered with Qkb.ksu-4B, QKb.cimmyt-4BL, Qkb.cim-4BL, and the second on chromosome 3B, which clustered with Qkb.cnl-3B, QKb.cimmyt-3BS and Qkb.cim-3BS1. The results provide definitive chromosomal assignments for QTL/genes controlling Karnal bunt resistance in common wheat, and will be useful in pre-emptive breeding against the pathogen in wheat-producing areas that are free of the disease.
Fenomenologia innego. Paul Ricœur i Emmanuel Lévinas wobec ontologii całości
Authors: Warmbier Adriana 
Published: March 2019

Artykuł ten jest próbą krytycznego omówienia sporu Ricœura z Lévinasem dotyczącego rozumienia etyki, ściśle rzecz biorąc koncepcji „podmiotu” etycznego. Wychodząc od przeprowadzonej przez obu filozofów krytyki nowożytnej absolutyzacji cogito, poddaję analizie rozwijane przez Ricœura dialektyczne ujęcie podmiotu (fr. soi) wyrażonego w formule „ten-który-jest-sobą-samym-jak-i-innym” oraz opisany przez Lévinasa fenomen „radykalnej inności”. Następnie staram się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy możliwe jest intelektualne porozumienie między Ricœurem i Lévinasem, polegające na wyznaczeniu wspólnego horyzontu dla koncepcji podmiotu otwartej dialektyki i podmiotu ukonstytuowanego przez źródłowe „wyznaczenie” do odpowiedzialności, w granicach którego można mówić o fenomenologii siebie, tj. fenomenologii podmiotu, który rozpoznaje się dzięki innemu niż on sam.
Problèmes d’interférences arabe/français dans les productions écrites d’élèves de secondaire
Authors: IMENE Ksentini 
Published: March 2019

RÉSUMÉ. L’expression écrite est une activité complexe qui occupe une place importante dans l’enseignement/apprentissage du français langue étrangère en Algérie. Enseigner le français aux arabophones donne lieu à des contacts entre l’arabe langue maternelle et le français langue étrangère. Ces contacts engendrent des erreurs qui influencent les écrits des apprenants. Cet article vise à repérer, analyser et comprendre les erreurs interférentielles dans les productions écrites des élèves algériens. Le but ultime étant d’y remédier. Pour ce faire, une analyse d’erreurs sera appliquée à un corpus de 30 copies de productions écrites réalisées par des élèves de 3éme année secondaire ainsi qu’une analyse contrastive des systèmes des deux langues en question : l’Arabe et le Français. L’analyse des données recueillies a révélé que ce problème pourrait être provoqué par 3 facteurs : les pratiques scripturales des élèves notamment la difficulté de mettre en œuvre les étapes du processus de production textuelle, les confrontations des deux systèmes linguistiques arabe et français au moment de l’apprentissage ainsi que les pratiques enseignantes, telle que l’évaluation, qui ne ciblent pas les erreurs interférentielles. Mots-clés : contact des langues, erreurs, évaluation, interférences, langue étrangère, langue maternelle, production écrite. ABSTRACT. Written expression is a complex activity that occupies an important place in the teaching / learning of French as a foreign language in Algeria. Teaching French to Arabic speakers leads to contacts between Arabic mother tongue and French as a foreign language. These contacts generate errors that influence student’s writings. This article aims to identify, analyze and understand interferential errors in the written productions of Algerian students. The ultimate goal is to fix it. To do this, an analysis of errors will be applied to a corpus of 30 copies of written productions made by students of the 3rd year secondary as well as a contrastive analysis of the systems of the two languages in question: Arabic and French.The analysis of the collected data revealed that this problem could be caused by 3 factors: the scriptural practices of the pupils notably the difficulty to implement the stages of the process of textual production, the confrontations of the two linguistic systems Arabic and French also to teaching practices, such as evaluation, that do not target interferential errors. Keywords: error, evaluation, foreign language, interference, language contact, mother tongue, written production.
La ponctuation des lyceens marocains du FLE : Défauts textuels et dispositifs de remediation
Authors: TARNAOUI Moulay Mohamed , HASSAN Boujghagh 
Published: March 2019

RÉSUMÉ. Dans le cadre de cette contribution, notre objectif est d’analyser les défauts de ponctuation des lycéens marocains pour répondre à la question suivante : les signes de ponctuation erronés ne contribueraient-ils pas à l’incompréhension et à l’opacité textuelle ? Le support qui servira de base au dépouillement des données est la production écrite. Il est donc crucial de repérer et de classer ces déviations localisées dans les copies des lycéens du FLE. Ces erreurs sont des indices des problèmes d'apprentissage du français chez nos sujets. Notons que cet aspect de la langue est souvent marginalisé par les enseignants bien qu’il contribue à la cohésion textuelle. Les résultats de ce travail ont révélé que la ponctuation reste non maîtrisée et bloque ainsi la compréhension du texte. C’est pourquoi, il sera fructueux de proposer quelques remédiations didactiques en faveur des futurs enseignants. Mots-clés : défauts textuels, français langue étrangère, ponctuation, production écriteABSTRACT. As part of this contribution, our objective is to analyze the punctuation defects of the Moroccan high school students to answer the following question: the punctuation marks mistakes not contribute to the misunderstanding and the textual opacity? The support that will be used as the basis for the data analysis is the written production. It is therefore crucial to identify and classify localized punctuation deviations in FFL high school students' copies. These errors are indicative of the problems of learning French in our subjects. Note that this aspect of language is often marginalized by teachers, although it contributes to textual cohesion. The results revealed that the punctuation remains uncontrolled. That is why it will be fruitful to propose some didactic remedies for future teachers. Keywords : textual flaws, French foreign language, punctuation, written production
Un dispositif pour les enseignants de FLE des universités angolaises
Authors: ILUNGA Anselmo 
Published: March 2019

RÉSUMÉ. La présente contribution, converge vers la didactique comparée et porte sur la description des dimensions génériques et spécifiques, sur le savoir et les pratiques (Mercier, 2000, Schubauer-Léoni & Sensevy, 2000) à partir des vidéographies qui nous permettront de décrire les activités de classe en nous intéressant à la fois sur la circulation des savoirs et surtout l’analyse des gestes professionnels des quatre professeurs du FLE de deux institutions universitaires (Groupe A et groupe B). Le résultat a démontré que les professeurs du groupe A semblent avoir de difficulté par rapport à leur congénère de B qui ont reçu la formation du FLE. Cette analyse didactique nous permettra de trouver des réponses aux difficultés dans l’activité enseignante et permettre aux apprenants d’être des acteurs de leurs propres apprentissages. Mots-clés : approche comparative, FLE, action conjointe, gestes professionnels ABSTRACT. This contribution, which converges on comparative didactics, focuses on the description of generic and specific dimensions, knowledge and practices (Mercier, Schubauer-Léoni & Sensevy, 2000) from the videographies that will allow us to describe the classroom activities by focusing on both the flow of knowledge and, above all, the analysis of the professional gestures of the four FLE professors of two university institutions (Group A and Group B). The result showed that Group A teachers appear to have difficulty with their B congener who received the FLE training. This didactic analysis will allow us to find answers to the difficulties in the teaching activity and allow the learners to be actors of their own learning. Keywords: comparative approach, FLE, joint action, professional gestures
Analyse des lisibilités du manuel de français langue étrangère à travers le test de closure
Authors: MUTIARSIH Yuliarti , OKTAVIAN Alvani 
Published: March 2019

RÉSUMÉ. Cette étude tente d’étudier la lisibilité de manuel de français largement utilisés en Indonésie et à décrire les classes de mots qui influencent sa lisibilité. Cette étude utilise une conception de recherche de méthode mixte avec une approche de conception convergente. Les données ont été obtenues à partir de trois textes pris au hasard dans un manuel de français et analysées en effectuant le test de closure auprès des étudiants du deuxième semestre du programme d'études de français dans une université en Indonésie. Les résultats du test de lisibilité montre qu'aucun texte n'est classé comme élevé ou sans assistance. Cependant, il est déterminé qu'un texte appartient à la catégorie moyenne ou à la lecture pédagogique et à la lecture assistée. Tandis que le reste du texte appartient à la même catégorie, qui est faible ou au niveau de frustration. Il est donc conclu que le niveau de lisibilité de ce manuel peut être considéré comme assez bon. La présente étude a des implications pour les études de la didactique de français langue étrangère, notamment pour l’évaluation des manuels. Mots-clés : français langue étrangère, lisibilité, manuel, test de closure. ABSTRACT. This study attemps to investigate the readability of French language textbook that is widely used in Indonesia and to describe word classes that influence its/the readability. This study employs a mixed method research design with a convergent design approach. The data were obtained from three texts taken randomly from a French textbook, and analyzed by conducting the cloze test to the students of second semester at French study program in one university in Indonesia. The results of the readability test show that none of the text are categorized as high or unassisted. However, one text is determined to be in the medium category or instructional and assisted reading. While, the rest of the text are in the same category, which is low or in frustrasion level. It is therefore concluded that the level of readability of this manual can be considered quite good. The current study has implications to French as a foreign language teaching-learning studies, especially for textbook assessment. Keywords: cloze test, french for foreign language, readibility, textbook.
Study on Durability of the Concrete of Sanitation Network in Ouargla Algeria Under the Existence of Sulphates Attack
Authors: Boumehraz Mohammed Amin , Mellas Mekki , Kriker Abdelouahed 
Published: March 2019

Abstract: Several degradations were noted on remediation networks (pipes and manholes) in the Ouargla - Algeria, due to the product quality concrete the type of pipe used, and the aggressive of external environment. The objective of this research was to investigate the durability of pipes for sanitation networks in the Ouargla under the effect of sulfates (in particular H2S). In this research, the concrete specimens were conserved in real environment and these results were compared with the result of specimens control. They conclude the decrease in conservation of concrete specimens by 3% for compressive strength after 365 days. For concrete specimens exposed to H2S gas, a rapid deterioration after 90 days. Then, the change was found for from 90 to 365 days reduction to 40 % for compressive strength.
CORRUPTION AND OBSTACLES FOR CONDUCTING BUSINESS IN FORMER FRENCH WEST AFRICA
Authors: Wadsworth Frank H. , Wheat Jerry E. , Swartz Brenda K. 
Published: March 2019

This study examines the extent of corruption and obstacles to conducting business in some former French West Africa countries.
Methodology: This study uses business owner’s and mangers perceptions about the use of gifts or informal payments and obstacles to conducting business in five African countries. Data comes from the World Bank Institute and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development’s Business Environment and Economic Performance study. Data from Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger, Senegal, and Togo were examined. Univariate general linear analysis was used to discover statistical differences between factors by country.
Main Findings: Results show Senegalese managers and owners perceived the lowest obstacles to conducting business among the five countries. Togo business managers and owners are slightly less positive about obstacles they face in their businesses. Businesses in the five countries on average pay about eight percent of their annual sales as gifts/informal payments.
Limitations: The study uses data that is about ten years old. The political and economic environment may have changed in these countries since data collection.
Social Implications: The significant level of obstacles business faces in these countries may significantly reduce foreign direct investment in these countries. Electricity is an obstacle in most of these countries reducing the ability if not the interest in conducting business.
Originality/Novelty of the Study: The French strategy in this region for three hundred years was to rule through the military not the development of economic systems. The results of this strategy may still be apparent in the number and degree of obstacles facing business only 50 years after independence.
MULTI-AIRPORT SYSTEMS AS A GLOBAL TOURISM PHENOMENON: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND A NEW CONCEPT
Authors: Hassanein Attaalla Dr. Farouk Abdelnabi 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:The main objective of the present study is to shed light on the different dimensions and international experiences of the multi-airport system including the Egyptian experience in this regard.
Methodology:The methodology of the study depends on the researcher's own critical review based on his scientific background on the phenomenon of multi-airport systems through survey in secondary and primary data.
Findings:Finally, the study presented a new comprehensive concept of the multi-airport system. The importance and originality of the current research is to ameliorate the concept of multiple-airport system in light of displaying some of international experiences.
Implications:The transition from single-airport to multi-airport systems is going to be a basic tool by which air transportation systems will be able to meet future demand. There are many experiences related to the failure and success of managing the multi-airport systems worldwide.