bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyogenic Liver Abscess of Biliary Origin: The Existing Problems and Their Strategies
Authors: Shi Shao-hua , Zhai Zheng-long , Zheng Shu-sen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPyogenic liver abscess (PLA) of biliary origin in Southeast Asia mainly occurs in patients with intrahepatic bile duct stone (IBDS) and extrahepatic bile duct stone (EBDS), bilioenteric anastomosis, or biliary stent. IBDS, as an endemic to Southeast Asia, remains a frequent etiology of acute cholangitis and PLA. PLA related to IBDS is characterized by high incidences of PLA recurrence and death related to infection, and difficulties in diagnosis of concomitant cholangicarcinoma. PLA of biliary origin is more likely caused by Escherichia coli, more often presented as polymicrobial infections, and more associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates. In this review, the authors summarize the differences on the presumed causes, pathogens, multidrug resistance, treatment, and prognosis of PLA between biliary origin and cryptogenic origin, the latter serving as a first and foremost presumed etiology of PLA. The authors also discuss the existing problems on early diagnosis of concomitant cholangicarcinoma related to IBDS.
Tip-on-Tip Scapular (TOTS) Flap for Reconstruction of Combined Palatectomy and Rhinectomy Defects
Authors: Bartholomew Ryan , Zenga Joseph , Lin Derrick , Deschler Daniel , Richmon Jeremy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCombination anterior palatectomy and rhinectomy defects result in complete loss of midface and nasal support and present a significant reconstructive challenge. A novel use of the scapular tip free flap—the tip-on-tip scapula flap—was developed to provide both palatal repair and restoration of intrinsic nasal support. The scapular tip bone is split into a large proximal segment for the anterior palate and a smaller distal bone segment for nasal framework reconstruction. Two patients undergoing reconstruction of both total palatectomy and partial rhinectomy defects at a single academic tertiary care center were reviewed. In both cases, the larger proximal segment of the scapular tip flap, used for the palatal defect, was based on the angular artery. The distal bone segment, used for nasal framework repair, was vascularized in one of two ways. In the osteomyogenous serratus-scapular tip variant, the serratus arterial branch provided periosteal blood supply to the bone through a cuff of attached serratus muscle. In the split-scapular tip variant, the periosteum of the scapular tip was kept in continuity with the distal bone segment and fed through the periosteal vascular arcade from the angular branch. In both patients, the distal bone segment demonstrated robust intraoperative vascularity and both flaps healed without complication. Both patients were able to resume oral diets and had good nasal breathing.
Lateral Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Kapur Sahil , Butler Charles 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLateral abdominal wall defects, while rare, present a more challenging problem than commonly encountered ventral defects due to the complexity of the anatomy, physiologic forces, and impact of muscle denervation. The lateral abdominal wall encompasses a large surface area ranging from the costal margin superiorly to the iliac crest inferiorly and from the linea semilunaris anteriorly to the paraspinous musculature posteriorly. The ratio of muscle to fascia/aponeurosis is much higher, which makes repair through muscle tissue versus fascia less secure. Furthermore, these defects are subject to asymmetric forces caused by the independent contraction of anterior and posterior muscle units, which lead to unbalanced strain and hernia progression. These features necessitate the use of wide underlay mesh load bearing repairs supported by the static pillars of the abdominal wall. Management can be further complicated when defects extend beyond the defined boundaries, requiring surgical repair to be adapted based on the border structures involved. Primary fascial coaptation may not be as easily accomplished, and therefore careful planning is important to ensure stable coverage of exposed mesh.
Management of the Open Abdomen
Authors: Mericli Alexander 
Published: July 2018

AbstractManagement of the abdominal catastrophe requires a multidisciplinary approach. The plastic surgeon is a key member of the surgical team assisting in the creation of a durable, functional anatomic abdominal wall reconstruction. Plastic surgeons must be familiar with the concepts and pathophysiology related to the open abdomen, techniques for temporary abdominal closure, and when such techniques are appropriate to implement. In this article, the authors provide a review of the open abdomen concept, which practicing plastic surgeons and trainees may find helpful if faced with this clinical scenario.
Una sola tableta de Abiraterona con comida en vez de 4 tabletas en ayuno para pacientes con cáncer de próstata metastásico resistente a la castración: perspectivas fármaco-económicas en un país en desarrollo
Authors: Sierra Pablo S. 
Published: July 2018

ResumenRecientemente se publicó en el Journal of Clinical Oncology un estudio prospectivo aleatorizado fase II, que comparó dosis bajas de Abiraterona (250mg) administrada con comida vs la dosis estándar de dicho medicamento (1000mg), en pacientes con cáncer de próstata metastásico resistente a la castración (mCRPC)1 y concluyó que la dosis baja no es inferior a la dosis estándar en cuanto a la respuesta de PSA y a la supervivencia libre de progresión (PFS).
The Boomerang Thigh Flap: Optimizing the Donor Site for an Extended Skin Island Flap
Authors: Fioravanti Alex , Borges Luiz , Snider Chelsea , Barreiro Guilherme 
Published: July 2018

Background The anterolateral region of the thigh is one of the most used donor areas for flaps. However, there are cases in which large defects require more than the conventional skin island provided by the anterolateral thigh flap (ALT). For an extended skin island flap, we developed a new boomerang thigh flap (BTF), in which a boomerang design includes perforators from multiple branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), providing a single-pedicle, large, reproducible, and reliable flap. We report the anatomical study and the use of the new BTF in a clinical series.
Methods We dissected 20 flaps in fresh cadavers to determine the anatomical landmarks, vascular pedicle pattern, perforator distribution, and BTF flap dissection technique. After achieving a reproducible and reliable technique, with primary closure of the donor site based on the pinch test, the BTF was applied for microsurgical reconstructions in the head and neck, lower limb, and upper limb regions.
Results The BTF corresponds to a 45° confluence of the ALT and the tensor fascia lata (TFL) elliptical skin islands. It includes the perforators from the transverse/ascending and the descending branches of the LCFA , which conjoined into a single arterial LCFA pedicle in 85% (17) of the cadaver dissections. All the venous branches drained into a single lateral circumflex femoral vein. ALT perforator distribution followed literature descriptions, while TFL perforators were mainly septocutaneous and projected into a virtual rectangle of 6 × 4 cm at the lateral margin of the TFL. Average BTF dimensions were 40 × 8.6 cm. For the clinical cases, flap dimensions and pedicle characteristics were equivalent to the anatomical findings. The BTF was separated into two skin islands in four cases and no major complications were reported.
Conclusion The BTF is a reliable, reproducible, and divisible flap that provides extended skin island for reconstruction of large defects.
Homemade Glove Port for Single-Incision Pediatric Endosurgery (SIPES) Appendectomy—How We Do It
Authors: Martynov Illya , Lacher Martin 
Published: July 2018

Introduction Single-incision pediatric endosurgery (SIPES) for the treatment of acute appendicitis in children has recently gained popularity due to its advantages including minimization of postoperative scars or less incisional pain. The principal disadvantages of SIPES include the limited degrees of freedom of movement and high health care costs. To overcome these issues, some surgeons have reported to use noncommercial ports for SIPES appendectomy.
Case Report In this report, we present a case of a 10-year-old female patient with acute appendicitis undergoing SIPES appendectomy using own homemade glove port and straight rigid instruments.
Conclusion SIPES appendectomy using the glove port is a low-cost alternative to commercially available port systems. It is easy to set up and use.
Research and data-sharing policy in Sweden – neoliberal courses, forces and discourses*
Authors: Slavnic Zoran 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The discourse of openness has proved to be a very powerful instrument for promoting new research policies and the (neoliberal) reforms of higher education in all so-called ‘advanced economies’. It has triggered positive democracy-, transparency-, and accountability-related associations when used in the context of politics, fair resource distribution when used in the sphere of public service, and free access to information and knowledge when used in the field of science and higher education. At the same time, international research shows that university autonomy is increasingly being attacked, reduced, and marginalized by the same policies. Power instances outside academia impose new criteria, such as ‘accountability,’ ‘performance,’ ‘quality assurance,’ and ‘good practice.’ They also impose ideas about what good research is, which scientific method is to be prioritized, and what good data are. The process of the de-professionalization, polarization, and proletarianization of the academic profession is increasingly affecting academia. However, none of this has much in common with the open-access discourse. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how this discussion applies to Sweden. Courses, forces, and discourses of the national research infrastructure development policy in general, and qualitative data preservation policy in particular, are described and deliberated.
Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Authors: Thomas-Fogiel Isabelle 
Published: July 2018

Johann Gottlieb Fichte (b. 1762–d. 1814) is the first representative of what has been called “German idealism.” He precedes both Schelling, who was considered his disciple until their final break, and Hegel. Regarded as a disciple of Kant in 1793, Fichte nevertheless reproached him for not having succeeded in founding the content of his philosophy on an absolute principle. His primary purpose is therefore to make philosophy into a rigorous science. Fichte therefore begins to elaborate in 1794 on what he calls the “Science of Knowledge” (Wissenschaftslehre; WL). He tirelessly proposes new versions of this Science of Knowledge, insisting through the repetition of the title, on the permanence of his initial motivation: to find an absolute foundation for knowledge. The versions of Fichte’s Science of Knowledge (a dozen in total, distinguished by their date: 1794, 1801, etc.) reflect the most general and abstract level of philosophical thought. This first level of philosophy, which is the most general and abstract, is called by Fichte “first philosophy.” The second level corresponds to theoretical philosophy (or the philosophy of nature) and practical philosophy (or ethics as developed, for example, in his Systems of Ethics, in 1798). The third level represents the “particular sciences,” which study more specific and concrete fields, including subdisciplines such as biology and physics, or “natural right” (i.e., “theory of right”) and philosophy of religion. Finally, a fourth level is constituted by the so-called popular writings, aimed at a public of nonphilosophers, for example, The Vocation of Man, The Way Towards the Blessed Life, and Addresses to the German Nation. The contrast between the clear and literary language of these popular writings and the arid abstraction of the Sciences of Knowledge has often been emphasized. Fichte’s body of work seems to pose a problem of continuity for many commentators. Are the multiple versions of Science of Knowledge compatible with each other? To this question, the answer is more often than not a negative one. Fichte’s commentators divided these versions into two or, sometimes, three periods. The vast majority of interpretations assert that Fichte’s thought evolved over time. Such a change is more often expressed as the passage from a doctrine of what is finite (the subject, the “Self”) to a philosophy of absolute (God, Being). The problem of this evolution has become one of the most difficult aspect of interpreting Fichte’s thought.
Wearable Eye-tracking for Research: Automated dynamic gaze mapping and accuracy/precision comparisons across devices
Authors: Macinnes Jeff J. , Iqbal Shariq , Pearson John , Johnson Elizabeth N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWearable eye-trackers offer exciting advantages over screen-based systems, but their use in research settings has been hindered by significant analytic challenges as well as a lack of published performance measures among competing devices on the market. In this article, we address both of these limitations. We describe (and make freely available) an automated analysis pipeline for mapping gaze data from an egocentric coordinate system (i.e. the wearable eye-tracker) to a fixed reference coordinate system (i.e. a target stimulus in the environment). This pipeline allows researchers to study aggregate viewing behavior on a 2D planar target stimulus without restricting the mobility of participants. We also designed a task to directly compare calibration accuracy and precision across 3 popular models of wearable eye-trackers: Pupil Labs 120Hz Binocular glasses, SMI ETG 2 glasses, and the Tobii Pro Glasses 2. Our task encompassed multiple viewing conditions selected to approximate distances and gaze angles typical for short- to mid-range viewing experiments. This work will promote and facilitate the use of wearable eye-trackers for research in naturalistic viewing experiments.
Identification of biomarker and HPV strain for Cervical Cancer from pre-existing RNAseq data
Authors: Guo Suhan , Hao Yuhan , Brown Stuart 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) increased the risk of afflicting cervical cancer. Among over a hundred strains, HPV-16 and HPV-18 caused 70% of cervical cancers and precancerous cervical lesions (WHO 2018). To reveal the profile of HPV strains, HPViewer is designed by Hao et al. (2018) for metagenomic or human genomic shotgun sequencing data analysis. The application of HPViewer in detecting HPV strains in RNA sequencing data was assessed and results were communicated in the table. The performance of HPViewer in analyzing RNA sequencing data from multiple sources, demonstrated the potential of enlarging the application of HPViewer to RNA sequencing data. Furthermore, we attempted to verify the capability of a potential biomarker p16INK4a in detecting cervical cancer from precancerous lesions. Considering the protein nature of this biomarker, the experiment was designed to detect the differentially expressed gene, associating with this protein function group, in RNA-seq data from two articles. Compare to the findings from Royse et al. (2014), confirmatory result was reproduced that comparisons between both groups yielded insignificant outcome. Since data from single article was insufficient to provide meaningful clue, final dataset was collected from multiple sources. The results were compromised by batch effect, but they supported p16INK4a to be a prospective biomarker for cervical cancer diagnosis.
Sclerostin Deficiency Alters Peripheral B Lymphocyte Responses in Mice
Authors: Chow Arthur , Mason Jourdan , Coney Larrisha , Bajwa Jamila , Carlisle Cameron , Zaslavsky Anna , Pellman Yvette , García-Ojeda Marcos E. , Economides Aris , Loots Gabriela G. , Manilay Jennifer O. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnderstanding how changes in bone physiology and homeostasis affect immune responses will inform how to retain strong immunity in patients with bone disease and in aged individuals. We previously identified sclerostin (Sost) as a mediator of cell communication between the skeletal and the immune system. Elevated bone mineral density in Sost-knockout (Sost-/-) mice contributes to an altered bone marrow microenvironment and adversely affects B cell development. B cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow and mature in peripheral lymphoid organs to produce antibodies in response to infection and/or vaccination. In this study, we investigated whether the aberrant B cell development observed in the bone marrow of Sost-/- mice extends to peripheral B cells in the spleen during immune challenge, and if these changes were age-dependent. Concomitant with more severe changes in bone architecture, B cell development in the bone marrow and in the spleen worsened with age in Sost-/- mice. B cell responses to T-independent antigens were enhanced in young Sost-/- mice, whereas responses to T-dependent antigens were impaired. Our results support the hypothesis that the adverse effects of B cell development in the Sost-deficient bone marrow microenvironment extends to the peripheral B cell immune response to protein antigens, and suggest that the B cell response to routine vaccinations should be monitored regularly in patients being treated with sclerostin antibody therapy. In addition, our results open the possibility that Sost regulates the T-independent B cell response, which might be applicable to the improvement of vaccines towards non-protein antigens.
Targeted Reduction of Pathogenic Heteroplasmy Through Binding of G-Quadruplex DNA
Authors: Naeem Mansur M. , Maheshan Rathena , Costford Sheila R. , Kaufman Brett A. , Sondheimer Neal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants are typically heteroplasmic, with coexistence of variant and wild type genomes. Because heteroplasmy dictates phenotype, the reduction of heteroplasmy is potentially therapeutic. We identified pathogenic variants that increased the potential for formation of non-canonical G-quadruplexes (GQ) within mtDNA. The Leigh Syndrome (LS)-associated mt.10191T>C variant has a high probability of local GQ formation that was enhanced by the variant. Structural studies of mt.10191C-containing oligonucleotides confirmed the formation of GQ, and its interaction with the small molecule GQ-binding agent berberine increased GQ stability. The GQ formed at mt.10191 impeded polymerase processivity, and inhibition was enhanced by the mt.10191C variant. We applied a cyclical treatment of two GQ binding compounds, berberine or RHPS4, to primary fibroblasts from LS patients with heteroplasmic mt.10191T>C mutation. This treatment induced alternating mtDNA depletion and repopulation and was effective in shifting heteroplasmy towards the nonpathogenic allele, leading to an increase in complex I protein levels. This study demonstrates the potential for using small-molecule GQ-binding agents to induce beneficial shifts in mitochondrial heteroplasmy.
Object-based attention prioritizes working memory contents at a theta rhythm
Authors: Peters Benjamin , Kaiser Jochen , Rahm Benjamin , Bledowski Christoph 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAttention selects relevant information regardless of whether it is physically present or internally stored in working memory. Perceptual research has shown that attentional selection of external information is better conceived as rhythmic prioritization than as stable allocation. Here we tested this principle using information processing of internal representations held in working memory. Participants memorized four spatial positions that formed the endpoints of two objects. One of the positions was cued for a delayed match-non-match test. When uncued positions were probed, participants responded faster to uncued positions located on the same object as the cued position than to those located on the other object, revealing object-based attention in working memory. Manipulating the interval between cue and probe at a high temporal resolution revealed that reaction times oscillated at a theta rhythm of 6 Hz. Moreover, oscillations showed an anti-phase relationship between memorized but uncued positions on the same versus other object as the cued position, suggesting that attentional prioritization fluctuated rhythmically in an object-based manner. Our results demonstrate the highly rhythmic nature of attentional selection in working memory. Moreover, the striking similarity between rhythmic attentional selection of mental representations and perceptual information suggests that attentional oscillations are a general mechanism of information processing in human cognition. These findings have important implications for current, attention-based models of working memory.
Challenges and perspectives of quantitative functional sodium imaging (fNaI)
Authors: Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia AM , Reimer Frank , Palesi Fulvia , Ricciardi Antonio , Castellazzi Gloria , Golay Xavier , Prados Ferran , Solanky Bhavana , D’Angelo Egidio U 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBrain function has been investigated via the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the past decades. Advances in sodium imaging offer the unique chance to access signal changes directly linked to sodium ions (23Na) flux across the cell membrane, which generates action potentials, hence signal transmission in the brain. During this process 23Na transiently accumulates in the intracellular space. Here we show that quantitative functional sodium imaging (fNaI) at 3T is potentially sensitive to 23Na concentration changes during finger tapping, which can be quantified in grey and white matter regions key to motor function. For the first time, we measured a 23Na concentration change of 0.54 mmol/l in the ipsilateral cerebellum, 0.46 mmol/l in the contralateral primary motor cortex, 0.27 mmol/l in the corpus callosum and −11 mmol/l in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex, suggesting that fNaI is sensitive to distributed functional alterations. Open issues persist on the role of the glymphatic system in maintaining 23Na homeostasis, the role of excitation and inhibition as well as volume distributions during neuronal activity. Hemodynamic and physiological signal recordings coupled to realistic models of tissue function will be critical to understand the mechanisms of such changes and contribute to meeting the overarching challenge of measuring neuronal activity in vivo.
A conserved mechanism for meiotic chromosome organization through self-assembly of a filamentous chromosome axis core
Authors: West Alan M.V. , Rosenberg Scott C. , Ur Sarah N. , Lehmer Madison K. , Ye Qiaozhen , Hagemann Götz , Caballero Iracema , Usón Isabel , Herzog Franz , Corbett Kevin D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe meiotic chromosome axis plays key roles in meiotic chromosome organization and recombination, yet the underlying protein components of this structure are highly diverged. Here, we show that “axis core proteins” from budding yeast (Red1), mammals (SYCP2/SYCP3), and plants (ASY3/ASY4) are evolutionarily related and play equivalent roles in chromosome axis assembly. We first identify motifs in each complex that recruit meiotic HORMADs, the master regulators of meiotic recombination. We next find that axis core complexes form homotetrameric (Red1) or heterotetrameric (SYCP2:SYCP3 and ASY3:ASY4) coiled-coil assemblies that further oligomerize into micron-length filaments. Thus, the meiotic chromosome axis core in fungi, mammals, and plants shares a common molecular architecture and role in axis assembly and recombination control. We propose that the meiotic chromosome axis self-assembles through cooperative interactions between dynamic DNA loop-extruding cohesin complexes and the filamentous axis core, then serves as a platform for chromosome organization, recombination, and synaptonemal complex assembly.