bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Prompt Gamma Radiation Near the LVR-15 Research Reactor
Authors: Viererbl Ladislav , Klupák Vít , Kolros Antonín , Assmann Vratislavská Hana , Lahodová Zdena 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper describes a method of pulse height spectrum measurement in a wide energy range. The LVR‑15 research reactor building was chosen to demonstrate this method. Pulse height spectra were measured on the third floor of the reactor building. Two types of scintillation detectors, NaI (Tl) and a plastic scintillator, were used. The detectors were placed for about 25 m from the reactor core, thus, separated from the primary circuit water in the reactor pool, biological shielding, building wall and other constructional materials. Spectra were measured in a wide energy range from 30 keV to 1000 MeV, in which signals were recorded from natural and man-made radionuclides, prompt gamma radiation and cosmic radiation. Experimental data were collected both while the reactor was in operation and while it was out of operation. This study confirms that differences in these spectra can be detected remotely over relatively large distances from the reactor core by adequately simple detection means.
Do Family Privileges Bring Gender Equality? Instrumentalism and (De) Stereotyping of STEM Career Aspiration among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Liu Ran 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen studying the persistent underrepresentation of a women in science, engineering, technology, and mathematics (STEM) fields across different countries, some evidence shows a paradox of affluence: gender differences in STEM aspirations and outcomes are found to be more pronounced in more developed, postindustrial countries and among students from more affluent families. The argument of “indulging gendered selves” provides an explanation: students in more affluent settings are less compelled to pursue lucrative STEM careers and more encouraged to indulge gendered passions as a form of self-expression. Extending this argument, this paper uses nationally representative data from China to examine the effect of family privileges on adolescents’ STEM aspirations. Two distinct mechanisms are identified: instrumentalism, which considers the instrumental calculation of material security and economic returns in developing career aspirations, and (de) stereotyping, which considers whether family privileges cultivate or alleviate gender stereotypes. Findings show that less privileged girls such as ethnic minorities and those having rural hukou tend to have higher instrumental motivation to learn math, indicating an instrumentalism mechanism; on the other hand, girls with privileges such as higher parental education and more books at home enjoy more gender-egalitarian values, indicating a de-stereotyping mechanism. Moreover, Internet access at home as a privilege can foster gender stereotypes and decrease students’ motivation to learn math, and the latter association is stronger for girls than boys. Results suggest the importance of distinguishing the instrumentalism and (de) stereotyping mechanisms and the need for educational programs to refute gender stereotypes.
Evaluating Sufficient Similarity of Botanical Dietary Supplements: Combining Chemical and In Vitro Biological Data
Authors: Ryan Kristen R , Huang Madelyn C , Ferguson Stephen S , Waidyanatha Suramya , Ramaiahgari Sreenivasa , Rice Julie R , Dunlap Paul E , Auerbach Scott S , Mutlu Esra , Cristy Tim , Peirfelice Jessica , DeVito Michael J , Smith-Roe Stephanie L , Rider Cynthia V 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBotanical dietary supplements are complex mixtures with numerous potential sources of variation along the supply chain from raw plant material to the market. Approaches for determining sufficient similarity (ie, complex mixture read-across) may be required to extrapolate efficacy or safety data from a tested sample to other products containing the botanical ingredient(s) of interest. In this work, screening-level approaches for generating both chemical and biological-response profiles were used to evaluate the similarity of black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) and Echinacea purpurea samples to well-characterized National Toxicology Program (NTP) test articles. Data from nontargeted chemical analyses and gene expression of toxicologically important hepatic receptor pathways (aryl hydrocarbon receptor [AhR], constitutive androstane receptor [CAR], pregnane X receptor [PXR], farnesoid X receptor [FXR], and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha [PPARα]) in primary human hepatocyte cultures were used to determine similarity through hierarchical clustering. Although there were differences in chemical profiles across black cohosh samples, these differences were not reflected in the biological-response profiles. These findings highlight the complexity of biological-response dynamics that may not be reflected in chemical composition profiles. Thus, biological-response data could be used as the primary basis for determining similarity among black cohosh samples. Samples of E. purpurea displayed better correlation in similarity across chemical and biological-response measures. The general approaches described herein can be applied to complex mixtures with unidentified active constituents to determine when data from a tested mixture (eg, NTP test article) can be used for hazard identification of sufficiently similar mixtures, with the knowledge of toxicological targets informing assay selection when possible.
Youthfuls, Matures, and Veterans: Subtyping Subjective Age in Late-Career Employees
Authors: Nagy Noemi , Fasbender Ulrike , North Michael S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Subjective age research is on the rise, and the term has become an overarching way of describing how individuals idiosyncratically experience the aging process (“How old one feels”). Furthermore, the theory of aged heterogeneity posits that interindividual variability of similarly aged adults increases over time, suggesting that subjective age may become more variable in later life. Subjective aging has usually been investigated in a variable-centered manner—which over-assumes homogeneity among people’s aging experience—producing mixed evidence regarding the utility of single subjective age constructs in different populations. Person-centered approaches, in contrast, acknowledge interindividual heterogeneity in the aging experience, providing an alternative angle of investigation, and enable insights into how variables operate conjointly within persons. Therefore, the current research uses a latent profile analysis to investigate various conceptualizations of subjective age among late-career employees. Using a time-lagged design with a sample of 229 older workers (aged 50–66 years), we uncover three distinct subjective age profiles: Youthfuls, Matures, and Veterans. Moreover, we investigate how person-related correlates of subjective aging differ between the uncovered profiles, and how, in turn, these profiles are related to work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. Through a person-centered approach, we receive valuable insights on the concurrent interplay of various subjective age concepts in a highly heterogeneous population and provide a better understanding of subjective age in late career.
Genetic structure of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences
Authors: Fernández Cintia J , González-Ittig Raúl E , García Beatriz A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the present study, we analysed the genetic structure of Triatoma infestans populations with a phylogeographical approach using sequences of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) and the nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) genes of bugs obtained from Argentina and Bolivia. Spatially circumscribed haplogroups were distinguished from the ND5 gene sequences, one distributed exclusively to the south of the studied area and, in agreement with the results from the EF-1α gene, one haplogroup limited to Bolivia and another to Morajú located in the Chaco region of Argentina. In both the ND5 and EF-1α networks, the most widespread haplogroup or allele group showed a star-like topology, which is compatible with a recent demographic expansion. The asymmetric historical gene flow detected from a population of the Chaco region towards Bolivia and the spatiotemporal phylogeographical reconstruction of lineage dispersal would support the hypothesis that postulates the Chaco biogeographical region as the area of origin for the species. However, additional studies with a broader sampling in the Andean region are needed to define with certainty whether the origin of T. infestans is Chacoan or Andean.
A randomized pilot study to investigate the effect of opioids on immunomarkers using gene expression profiling during surgery
Authors: Wodehouse Theresa , Demopoulos Mary , Petty Robert , Miraki-Moud Farideh , Belhaj Alla , Husband Michael , Fulton Laura , Randive Nilesh , Oksche Alexander , Mehta Vivek , Gribben John , Langford Richard 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Endogenous opioid peptides and exogenous opioids modulate immune function, and animal and human studies have shown that some have a depressant immunomodulatory effect. This is potentially of high clinical significance, eg, in cancer patients and surgery. The primary objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of morphine and oxycodone on immune pathways associated with immunosuppression in gynecological laparotomy patients. Gene expression was analyzed in CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer (NK) cells using the 3′ Affymetrix microarray. Patients were randomized to receive morphine, oxycodone, or nonopioid “control” analgesia during and after surgery. Genes demonstrating differential expression were those with a ≥±2-fold difference and P-value ≤0.05 after analysis of variance. Cytometric bead array and NK cell degranulation assay were used to investigate changes in serum cytokine concentration and in NK cell cytotoxicity, respectively. Forty patients had satisfactory RNA which was hybridized to gene chips. Genes were identified (Partek Genomics Suite 6.6) at baseline, 2, 6, and 24 hours and were either ≥2-fold upregulated or downregulated from baseline. At 2 hours, a large number of genes were downregulated with morphine but not with control analgesia or oxycodone. Statistically significant increases in IL-6 concentrations were induced by morphine only; NK cell activity was suppressed with morphine, but maintained with oxycodone and epidural analgesia. Gene expression profiles suggest that at 2 hours, post incision morphine appeared to be immunosuppressive as compared to oxycodone and nonopioid control analgesia.
Mortality Risk of Atypical Antipsychotics for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
Authors: Yeh Ta-Chuan , Tzeng Nian-Sheng , Li Juo-Chi , Huang Yu-Chieh , Hsieh Huai-Te , Chu Che-Sheng , Liang Chih-Sung 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Evidence suggests that atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) exert a short-term mortality risk in people with dementia. We assessed whether additional randomized clinical trials influence the current evidence and the potential effect modifiers.

Methods
Electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials from their inception through March 2018. A random-effects model was used for analysis. Potential effect modifiers were examined through meta-regression. Trial sequential analysis was performed to quantify the statistical reliability of data in the cumulative meta-analysis with adjustment of significance levels for sparse data and repetitive testing on accumulating data. Certainty of evidence and risk of bias were also evaluated.

Results
We found that compared with placebos, AAPs may increase the risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.536; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 1.028–2.296; P = 0.036, high certainty). In the subgroup analysis, the estimated ORs were the highest for olanzapine (1.919; P = 0.232), followed by those for quetiapine (1.663; P = 0.506), aripiprazole (1.649; P = 0.297), and risperidone (1.354; P = 0.277); however, the mortality risk presented by individual AAPs did not exhibit between-group differences. The meta-regression did not identify any effect modifiers, including the chlorpromazine equivalent dose, trial duration, and cognitive status. The trial sequential analysis revealed that future similar trials are unlikely to alter our findings.

Conclusions
Atypical antipsychotics are associated with increased short-term mortality risk, although a disease-drug interaction may contribute to such risk in people with dementia. Patients with dementia may still benefit by AAPs after appropriate assessment of the disease severity as well as the dosage of AAPs, treatment duration, and monitoring of AAPs.
Extracellular matrix-based hydrogels obtained from human tissues: a work still in progress
Authors: Gazia Carlo , Tamburrini Riccardo , Asthana Amish , Chaimov Deborah , Muir Sean M. , Marino Domenica I. , Delbono Luciano , Villani Valentina , Perin Laura , Di Nardo Paolo , Robertson John , Orlando Giuseppe 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
The current review summarizes contemporary decellularization and hydrogel manufacturing strategies in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Recent findings
Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffolds are a valuable biomaterial that can be purposed into various forms of synthetic tissues such as hydrogels. ECM-based hydrogels can be of animal or human origin. The use of human tissues as a source for ECM hydrogels in the clinical setting is still in its infancy and current literature is scant and anecdotal, resulting in inconclusive results.

Summary
Thus far the methods used to obtain hydrogels from human tissues remains a work in progress. Gelation, the most complex technique in obtaining hydrogels, is challenging due to remarkable heterogeneity of the tissues secondary to interindividual variability. Age, sex, ethnicity, and preexisting conditions are factors that dramatically undermine the technical feasibility of the gelation process. This is contrasted with animals whose well defined anatomical and histological characteristics have been selectively bred for the goal of manufacturing hydrogels.
Terminal Ileitis Presenting With a Spontaneously Reduced Ileocolic Intussusception Diagnosed by Point-of-Care Ultrasonography
Authors: Riera Antonio , Langhan Melissa , Silva Cicero Torres 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Point-of-care ultrasound can be used in the initial workup of ileocolic (IC) intussusception. In general, these lesions require immediate attention and reduction to prevent ischemic bowel injury. We discuss the case of a 27-month-old boy whose IC intussusception was found to spontaneously reduce before a radiology performed ultrasound and the planned air enema reduction procedure. Radiology ultrasound revealed significant inflammatory changes of the terminal ileum. The incidence of spontaneous reduction of IC intussusception is not definitively known. It is important to be familiar with the possibility of spontaneous reduction as children are often referred to academic centers for radiological or surgical reduction. This may also impact the sensitivity of studies that evaluate test characteristics of point-of-care ultrasound compared with radiology performed ultrasound for the diagnosis of IC intussusception. We review the diagnostic technique for IC intussusception and the importance of a prereduction ultrasound immediately before image-guided pressure reduction attempt.
Cytological Abnormalities and its relation to CD4 count among HIV seropositive women living in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran
Authors: Darvishi Amene , Alavi Seyed Mohammad , Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif , Sokooti Alireza , Molavi Shahla , Salmanzadeh Shokralleh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a known risk factor for abnormal cervical cytology and cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate cervical cytological abnormalities and its relation with CD4 (T4 Lymphocyte) count among HIV seropositive women.MethodsWe conducted a study on 58 HIV positive women referred to Ahvaz Counseling Center for Behavioral Disease, southwest of Iran between 2016 and 2017. Pap smear was performed for all participants from the cervix and endocervix. Patient’s’ characteristics including age, duration of disease, treatment with anti-retroviral treatment (ART), marital status, number of children, and contraception method were also recorded. Cervical cytological abnormalities reported as Bethesda system (TBS). A regular blood sample was taken from all the patients to evaluate the CD4 cells counts. Logistic regression models were used to obtain OR of presences of cytological abnormalities related to CD4 counts, controlling for important factors.ResultsOut of 58 patients only 5 were not under ART. We demonstrated that 29.3 % of patients had squamous cell abnormalities and these abnormalities, was more prevalent among 30-40 years old patients (70.6%). The prevalence of ASC-US (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance), LSIL (Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions) and HSIL (High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions) were 19.0%, 3.4%, and 6.9% respectively. Overall 9 patients need to repeat Pap smear test. Presence of cervical cytological abnormalities was not associated with the CD4 count, even after adjusting for the variable such age, duration of disease and ART.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of ASC-US in HIV-infected women which was independent of age, duration of diseases and history of ART. Though cervical cancer screening in this population might have a substantial public health benefit.Summary box- More than 70% of cervical cancers incidences associated with Genital HPV infections- Prevalent of Squamous cell abnormalities among HIV-infected women was about sex time more than general population- We demonstrated that squamous cell abnormalities are more prevalent in middle age women (30 to 40 years)- The high prevalence of Squamous cell abnormalities in HIV-infected women warrants the need for regular Pap smear screening
Prevalence and clinical importance of titin truncating variants in adults without known congestive heart failure
Authors: Pirruccello James P. , Bick Alexander , Friedman Samuel , Chaffin Mark , Aragam Krishna G. , Choi Seung Hoan , Lubitz Steven A. , Ho Carolyn Y. , Ng Kenney , Philippakis Anthony , Ellinor Patrick T. , Kathiresan Sekar , Khera Amit V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCross-sectional studies of various forms of dilated cardiomyopathy have noted a truncating mutation in the gene encoding titin (‘TTNtv’) in 7-30% of patients, but the clinical importance of identifying a TTNtv in an asymptomatic adult is largely unknown. In contrast to cross-sectional studies, prospective cohort studies allow for unbiased estimates of the disease risks associated with a genotype exposure.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of cardiac imaging abnormalities and risk of incident disease among middle-aged TTNtv carriers without known congestive heart failure.MethodsWe analyze exome sequencing data of 45,747 participants of the UK Biobank without known congestive heart failure to identify TTNtv carriers. Among 10,552 with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we determine the relationship between TTNtv carrier status and left ventricular ejection fraction. In this prospective cohort, we quantify the absolute and relative risks of incident disease in TTNtv carriers versus noncarriers.ResultsAmong 45,747 middle-aged participants without known congestive heart failure, 196 (0.43%) harbored a TTNtv. The average ejection fraction was 61% in TTNtv carriers versus 65% in noncarriers (P = 1.8 × 10−8), with a 9.3-fold increase (95% CI 3.9 – 22.2) in odds of subnormal ejection fraction (P = 5.7 × 10−5). Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years, a composite endpoint of incident dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, or all-cause mortality was observed in 6.6% of TTNtv carriers versus 2.9% of non-carriers (adjusted hazard ratio 2.5; 95% CI 1.4 – 4.3; p = 1.1 × 10−3).ConclusionsApproximately 1 in 230 middle-aged adults without known congestive heart failure harbored a TTNtv. These carriers had a substantially increased relative risk—but modest absolute risk—of having a subnormal ejection fraction or manifesting clinical disease during prospective follow-up.Condensed AbstractCross-sectional studies of dilated cardiomyopathy have noted a truncating mutation in the gene encoding titin (‘TTNtv’) in up to 30% of patients—but the clinical importance of TTNtv in asymptomatic adults is largely unknown. Here, we observe a TTNtv in 0.43% of 45,747 middle-aged adults. Average ejection fraction was 61% in TTNtv carriers versus 65% in non-carriers (p<0.001). Over a median follow-up of 7 years, incident congestive heart failure or mortality was observed in 6.6% of TTTtv carriers versus 2.9% of non-carriers (hazard ratio 2.5; p = 0.001).
An Analysis for Key Indicators of Reproducibility in Radiology
Authors: Wright Bryan D. , Vo Nam , Nolan Johnny , Johnson Austin L. , Braaten Tyler , Tritz Daniel , Vassar Matt 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundGiven the central role of radiology in patient care, it is important that radiological research is grounded in reproducible science. It remains unexamined whether there is a lack of reproducibility or transparency in radiologic research.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to analyze published radiology literature for the presence or absence of key indicators of reproducibility.MethodsThis cross-sectional, retrospective study was performed by conducting a search of the National Library of Medicine to identify publications contained within journals in the field of Radiology. Journals that were not written in English or MEDLINE indexed were excluded from the analysis. Studies published from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 were used to generate a random list of 300 publications for this meta-analysis. A pilot-tested, Google form was used to evaluate key indicators of reproducibility in the queried publications.ResultsOur initial search returned 295,543 records, from which 300 were randomly selected for analysis. Of these 300 records, 294 met the inclusion criteria. Among the empirical publications, 5.6% contained a data availability statement (11/195, 95% CI: 3.0-8.3), 0.51% provided clearly documented raw data (1/195), 12.0% provided a materials availability statement (23/191, 8.4-15.7), none provided analysis scripts, 4.1% provided a preregistration statement (8/195, 1.9-6.3), 2.1% provided a protocol statement (4/195, 0.4-3.7), and 3.6% were preregistered (7/195, 1.5-5.7).ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that key indicators of reproducibility are missing in the field of radiology. Thus, the ability to reproduce radiological studies may be problematic and may have potential clinical implications.