bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verwaltungsverflechtungen als Herausforderung der interorganisationalen Kooperation zur Reintegration von Arbeitslosen mit Gesundheitseinschränkungen
Authors: Becker Sten , Sackmann Reinhold 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Im Fokus des Beitrags stehen Friktionen an der Schnittstelle zwischen Jobcentern (JC) und Deutscher Rentenversicherung (DRV). Wir analysieren die organisationale Logik, nach der Arbeitslosigkeit bearbeitet wird. Welche Kooperationsfriktionen erwachsen aus differenten Organisationskulturen und wie thematisieren die Professionen diese? Grundlage sind zum einen Interviews mit Fachkräften, die in einem Modellprojekt die Zusammenarbeit erproben. Daneben prüfen wir an einem Fallbeispiel zur Übergangsgeldproblematik, wie die Akteure mit Herausforderungen umgehen. Ausgewertet wird mit der Dokumentarischen Methode. Es zeigt sich, dass JC und DRV in unterschiedlichen Institutionalisierungen von Leitideen gründen (aktivierende Arbeitsvermittlung vs. Rentenansprüche nur für Erwerbsunfähige), differente normative Isomorphien in Bezug auf organisationsspezifische (Hochschul-)Ausbildungen und formalisierte Routinen aufweisen. Unterschiedliche Routinen führen nicht notwendigerweise zu Friktionen, da sie mit unterschiedlicher Intensität (bei Dominanz des JC) praktiziert werden. Der zeitliche Handlungsdruck des JC-Alltags wird durch eine Orientierung an „Fördern und Begleiten“ aufgelockert. Friktionen der Leitideen sind durch die Hartz-Reformen reduziert worden, da nun auch im Reha-Bereich eine Erwerbsorientierung dominiert. Die Friktionen konnten mit gezielten Öffnungen, speziellem Personal und Interaktionsforen gut bearbeitet werden. Schnittstellenprobleme aufgrund von (zeitlichen) Zuständigkeiten (Übergangsgeldproblematik) waren trotz intensiven Austausches auf Netzwerkebene nicht lösbar.
Adrenocortical insufficiency after bilateral adrenal hemorrhage due to anticoagulation and chronic immunothrombocytopenia
Authors: Hintze Sophie Charlotte , Beuschlein Felix 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Adrenocortical insufficiency is defined as the clinical manifestation of chronic glucocorticoid and/or mineralocorticoid deficiency due to failure of the adrenal cortex. It may result in an adrenal crisis, which is a life-threatening disease; thus, prompt initiation of therapy with hydrocortisone is necessary. Symptoms such as hypotension, weight loss, or fatigue are not specific, which is why diagnosis is delayed in many cases. Our patient suffered from immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an acquired thrombocytopenia caused by an autoimmune reaction against platelets and megakaryocytes. Primary ITP, in which no triggering cause can be identified, must be distinguished from secondary forms (e.g. in the context of systemic autoimmune diseases, lymphomas, or (rarely) by drugs). Patients may be asymptomatic at presentation or may present with a range of mild mucocutaneous to life-threatening bleeding. Here, we report on a 43-year-old woman who had developed adrenocortical insufficiency due to bilateral hemorrhage in the adrenal glands. Because of anticoagulation with phenprocoumon after pulmonary embolism and thrombocytopenia on the basis of ITP, the patient had an increased risk of bleeding. Due to the nonspecific and ambiguous symptoms of adrenocortical insufficiency, prompt diagnosis remains a challenge.

Learning points

Hypocortisolism or adrenal crisis with nonspecific symptoms, especially abdominal and gastrointestinal, is often misinterpreted.

Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency is often delayed because of the initial ambiguous presentation; physicians must be aware to avoid adrenal crisis.

Especially in patients with several risk factors for bleeding, unusual bleeding manifestations, such as adrenal hemorrhage, must be considered.

Immediate treatment is necessary by substituting hydrocortisone in a higher dosage, and in most cases, fludrocortisone.

During the course of treatment, the amount of hydrocortisone can be reduced to a substitution dosage (15–25 mg/day divided into two to three doses/day). Fludrocortisone should be continued at a dosage of 0.05–0.1 mg/day, depending on blood pressure and sodium and potassium levels.

All patients should carry a medical alert notification or a steroid emergency card. In the case of trauma, surgery, or other stressful events, hydrocortisone must be administered in higher dosages (e.g. 100 mg i.v.).
Systems Engineering in der Entwicklung Digitaler Zwillinge
Authors: Truar Matthias , Sinnwell Chantal 
Published: November 2024

„Digitale Zwillinge“ sind ein Schlagwort im Kontext der digitalen Transformation industrieller Unternehmen. Dieser zweiteilige Beitrag beleuchtete in Teil 1 bereits die Grundlagen des (modell-basierten) Systems Engineerings für die Erarbeitung eines lebenszyklusübergreifendenSystemmodells, das die Informationsgrundlage für verschiedenste Digitale Zwillinge darstellt. Danebenwurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen Systemmodell und Digitalen Zwillingen aufgezeigt und eine Abgrenzung derbeiden Begriffe vorgestellt. Teil 2 dieses Beitrags diskutiert unterschiedliche Typen Digitaler Zwillinge, die Informationen aus dem lebenszyklusübergreifenden Systemmodell zur Erfüllung verschiedener Zwecke nutzen. Dabei wird zwischen Produkt-, Produktions- und Performance-Zwillingen unterschieden, die bspw. als Struktur- oder Simulationsmodelle ausgeprägt seinkönnen. Deren Mehrwerte werden am Beispiel der Batterieindustrie erläutert. So wird aufgezeigt, wie Digitale Zwillinge Entwicklung und Produktion beschleunigen, und dies mit entsprechenden Beispielen aus dem industriellen Kontext untermauert.
Engineering in der Prozessindustrie mit der Verwaltungsschale
Authors: Drath Rainer , Barth Mike , Tauchnitz Thomas , Schüller Andreas , Maurer Frank 
Published: November 2024

In diesem Beitrag stellen die Autoren ein evolutionäres Konzept vor, das in mehreren Ausbaustufen eine Brücke zum in Teil 1 beschriebenen Zielbild „Engineering mit der AAS“ baut. Dieses Konzept ermöglicht ein schrittweises Vorgehen, das den Unternehmen Zeit gibt, Erfahrungen zu sammeln, die erforderlichen Standards organisch zu entwickeln und die Mitarbeiter einzubeziehen. Eine Architekturübersicht fasst die neuen Elemente zusammen, bei der die Verwaltungsschale als zentraler Verteilmechanismus für standardisierte und proprietäre Datenmodelle dient. Wesentliche Elemente der Evolution sind gemischte Datenmodelle, deren Standardisierungsgrad 0-100% besitzt, sowie die schrittweise Einführung softwaregestützter Interoperabilitätsfunktionen für einen effizienten Datenaustausch.
Building Successful International Summer Schools to Enhance the Capacity of Marine Early Career Researchers
Authors: Cvitanovic Christopher , Blythe Jessica , Van Putten Ingrid , Maddison Lisa , Bopp Laurent , Brodie Steph , Fulton Beth A. , Lopes Priscila F. M. , Pecl Gretta , Penca Jerneja , Sumaila U. Rashid 
Published: November 2024

The development of informal science learning programs is a key strategy for supplementing traditional training for early career researchers (ECR). Within the marine sector, there has been a proliferation of international summer schools (a form of informal science learning program) to support ECRs to develop the networks, skills, and attributes needed to tackle ocean sustainability challenges and support the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g., collaboration across disciplines, policy engagement, etc.). Yet, there exists very little evidence on the impact generated by such informal science learning programs or the design strategies that can confer their success. This commentary seeks to address this knowledge gap by considering the successful biennial Climate and Ecosystems (ClimEco) marine summer school series that has run since 2008. Specifically, we draw on the perspectives of lecturers and organisers, in combination with a survey of ClimEco participants (𝑛 = 38 ECRs) to understand the drivers and motivations of ECRs to attend summer schools, the types of outcomes and impacts that summer schools can have for marine ECRs, and the <span class="fontstyle0">key factors that led to the successful attainment of these impacts, outcomes, and benefits. In doing so, we develop guidance that would enable global summer school convenors to effectively support the next generation of marine researchers to advance ocean sustainability.</span>
The Concept of “The Other World” in Panteleymon Kulish’s Folkloristic Discourse
Authors: Hnativ Maria , Ivashkiv Vasyl , Kohut Svitlana 
Published: November 2024

On the basis of Wandering about the Other World, included into the first volume of The Notes on Southern Rus’ by Panteleymon Kulish, our paper highlights the specificity of folk visions the Ukrainians who experienced clinical death had about “the other world”. We underline that such visions are traditional, and the folk narrator’s material is analyzed in the context of other folk (Ivan Petrov’s records of folklore) and literary (the description of Hell in Ivan Kotliarevskyi’s Aeneid) stories about a soul’s adventures after death. The text of Wandering allowed us to make a conclusion that the Ukrainians imagine the other world as a 3-dimensional space. A field is a borderline territory that partially belongs to someone, but gradually transforms into a “foreign” (or otherworldly) space in its horizontal dimension (here the “dying woman” meets brothers who turned into dogs biting each other). The horizontal dimension ends with a deep hole in the ground leading to Hell, but also has certain features of a purgatory, since there are people who gave charity to the poor and saved old men and women from starving. Olena Dubynykha visited this part of the other world, saw sinners’ sufferings, a happy and carefree life of the righteous and had to tell the living all about it. Due to the fact that the “dying woman” had to come back to life, the guide saved her from falling into real Hell (a deep abyss) where one could get through the hole. Dubynykha’s stories have a moral and ethical sense, they warn people against committing sins and put special emphasis on the most serious ones. Kulish continued to take interest in the topic of Hell, and we can see that from his further folklore and literary preferences.
Income Differentials among Migrants by Race/Color in Brazil-2000/2010
Authors: Pereira de Souza Joice , Da Silva Filho Luís Abel 
Published: November 2024

Individuals’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics influence salary discrepancies arising from work. Given this, this article aims to investigate income differentials between inter-municipal migrants, dividing them into two specific groups: non-whites and whites, based on microdata from the Demographic Censuses of the years 2000 and 2010. Initially, the empirical literature on labor income differentials is reviewed. Then, a Mincerian income equation is used, estimated by Ordinary Least Squares, in order to analyze wage inequalities among migrants.
The results showed that white migrants earned significantly higher incomes than non-whites and that the characteristics of thoseemployed had a different influence between the groups. However, it was found that these inequalities have reduced over time.
The Value of Alleviating Serious Health-Related Suffering and Palliative Care Based on Lived Experience: Development of the SAVE Study Protocol
Authors: Bhadelia Afsan , Greaves Natalie , Doubova Svetlana , Knaul Felicia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Health-related suffering generated by life-limiting or life-threatening conditions is a complex phenomenon inextricably linked with human experience. Most of this suffering can be ameliorated with access to quality palliative care that is not available in much of the world, especially low-resource settings. Some exploration of the definitional boundaries of and needs pertaining to health-related suffering suggests that patients and families assign specific importance to the compassionate and supportive aspects of palliative care. However, the intrinsic and personal value of alleviating health-related suffering to patients and caregivers has not been systematically studied to explicitly inform health systems priority-setting and practice. Exploration of health-related suffering based on personal experience is primarily focused on high-income contexts and/or clinical care management. Comprehensive evidence can support the overall investment case for expanding access to palliative care worldwide. The SAVE (Suffering Alleviation and the Value of Experiential knowledge) study protocol provides an instrument to examine the value assigned to suffering alleviation based on lived experience to guide health systems strengthening. Informed by literature reviews, deliberation of a global expert group on limitations of quantitative measurement of suffering, and piloting in two countries – Barbados and Mexico – the SAVE protocol can support evidence generation that is anchored by experiential knowledge of the illness trajectory to advance people-centered health policy and systems research. A part of broader work in follow-up to the Lancet Commission on Global Access to Palliative Care and Pain Relief, the protocol incorporates guidance on qualitative approaches and their importance to understanding lived experience, building on existing literature. Finally, implications for health systems responsiveness and high-value healthcare are discussed alongside opportunities for future research.
RETRACTED: Determine Soil Loss Response to Agroforestry Land Use Change (ALUC) Using RUSLE Based GIS and RS in Gilgel Gibe I Catchment, Southwestern, Ethiopia
Authors: Jiru Endale , Abera Girma , Temesgen Habtamu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
An Interpretable Model for Health-care Insurance Fraud Detection
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Chen Xiaofang , Wu Yiwei , Lin Shiming , Jiang Linke , Qiu Gang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Healthcare insurance fraud imposes a significant financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide, with annual losses reaching billions of dollars. This study aims to improve fraud detection accuracy using machine learning techniques. Our approach consists of three key stages: data preprocessing, model training and integration, and result analysis with feature interpretation. Initially, we examined the dataset's characteristics and employed embedded and permutation methods to test the performance and runtime of single models under different feature sets, selecting the minimal number of features that could still achieve high performance. We then applied ensemble techniques, including Voting, Weighted, and Stacking methods, to combine different models and compare their performances. Feature interpretation was achieved through Partial Dependence Plots (PDP), SHAP, and LIME, allowing us to understand each feature’s impact on the predictions. Finally, we benchmarked our approach against existing studies to evaluate its advantages and limitations. The findings demonstrate improved fraud detection accuracy and offer insights into the interpretability of machine learning models in this context.
Solvent extraction of Ac-225 in nano-layer coated, solvent resistant PDMS microfluidic chips
Authors: Trapp Svenja , Santoso Albert , Hounat Yassine , Paulssen Elisabeth , Ommen J. Ruud van , Steijn Volkert van , de Kruijff Robin M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Separating medical radionuclides from their targets is one of the most critical steps in radiopharmaceutical production. Among many separation methods, solvent extraction has a lot of potential due to its simplicity, high selectivity, and high efficiency. Especially with the rise of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips, this extraction process can take place in a simple and reproducible chip platform continuously and automatically. Furthermore, the microfluidic chips can be coated with metal-oxide nano-layers, increasing their resistance against the employed organic solvents. We fabricated such chips and demonstrated a parallel flow at a considerably large range of flow rates using the aqueous and organic solutions commonly used in medical radionuclide extraction. In our following case study for the separation of Ac-225 from radium with the chelator di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), a remarkable extraction efficiency of 97.1% ± 1.5% was reached within 1.8 seconds of contact time, while maintaining a near perfect phase separation of the aqueous and organic solutions. This method will enable the automation of solvent extraction and faster target recycling, and serves, therefore, as a proof-of-concept for the applicability of microfluidic chip solvent extraction of (medical) radionuclides.
The effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques on anxiety depression and sleep in elderly AIDS patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: 温 气 , 您 新义 , 吴 玉汉 , 杨 温温 , 歌曲 燕 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of Emotional Freedom Techniques on anxiety, depression and sleep in older adults with AIDS.
Methods 70 cases of anxious and depressed older adults with AIDS with sleep disorders were randomly divided into control and experimental groups by random number table system (RNT), 35 cases in each group. The experimental group received Emotional Freedom Techniques once a day for 15-20 minutes as part of their routine care and health counselling, and the intervention continued for 2 weeks. The control group received routine nursing care and health guidance. The two groups were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) before and after the two weeks of intervention.
Results There are totally 67 participants in the trial. In the EFT group (n =33), PSQI scores decreased from 12.36±2.409 to 9.15±2.476(mean±SD P<0.001), HA scores decreased from 12.39±2.344 to 9.12±2.176(mean±SD P<0.001), HD scores decreased from 11.58±1.969 to 8.94±2.015 (mean±SD P<0.001), compared with no change in the usual care group (n=34). The EFT group showed significantly lower post-intervention scores than the control group on all scales (P < 0.001).
Conclusion Emotional Freedom Techniques can effectively alleviate anxiety and depression in older people with AIDS and improve their sleep quality.
Cerebellar transcranial AC stimulation produces a frequency-dependent bimodal cerebellar output pattern
Authors: Mourra Devry , Cavalieri Angela M. , Casey Madison M. , Sahin Mesut , Lang Eric J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Transcranial alternating current stimulation (ctACS) has the potential to be an appealing, non-invasive treatment option for psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, its potential has been limited by significant knowledge gaps in the details and mechanisms of how ctACS affects cerebellar output on single cell and population levels. We investigated this issue by making single-unit recordings of Purkinje cells (PC) and lateral cerebellar nuclear (Lat CN) cells in response to ctACS in anesthetized adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. The ctACS electrode was positioned directly on the skull above crus 1, either ipsilaterally just medial to the recording site or contralaterally. The return electrode was placed under the skin of the shoulder ipsilateral to the recorded cell. In response to ctACS at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 80 Hz, PC and CN activity was modulated in a frequency-dependent manner. PC and CN entrainment strength increased with stimulation frequency. Moreover, a unimodal response was seen for most PCs across all frequencies, whereas most CN cells transitioned to bimodal patterns as stimulus frequency increased. The phase of the local minima CN cells, and its change with frequency, was consistent with CN cells being driven synaptically by PC activity. Furthermore, the nearer ctACS location to the recording site, the stronger the entrainment, suggesting that ctACS electrode placement could be used to target specific cerebellar output channels. In sum, the results show that transcranial stimulation of the cerebellar cortex can modulate cerebellar output, which has potential implications for its use in treating neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Preparation of drug carrier material with targeted and sustained-release from modified lignin
Authors: Li Chenghan , Zhou Zijing , Li Yiping , Zhu Xudong , Yan Hong , Li Fen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this paper, modified lignin drug carrier materials with targeted and sustained-release effect were studied and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FIRS), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Zeta potential. In vitro drug release, toxicity, drug distribution and anticancer effect were tested. The results showed that the solubility of lacerated lignin in alcohol solution was 1.14 times than alkali lignin. The modified acetyl group replaced the free phenol hydroxide group in the benzene ring of lignin, and the structure of lignin itself did not change. The lignin-coated material was hollow small-hole ionospheres, and the drug loading rate and encapsulation rate of facilitate reached 17.8% and 71.23% respectively. Facilitate release rate was only 21.94% when pH value of human gastric juice was 1.2. The release rate of facilitate could reach 74.81% at pH 5.5 of simulated tumor cells. The drug release behavior was obvious within 10 h. When the concentration of lignin carrier material was 10–100 mg/ml, the survival rate of cells was greater than 95%, indicating that lignin coated material was non-toxic and had stable slow-release and targeting effect. In addition, the biological distribution of facilitate in mice showed that PTX was mainly concentrated in tumor sites of mice, but in liver, spleen, lung and kidney was low. In the anti-cancer effect test, the tumor cells were significantly reduced after 5 consecutive administration, which also proved that the lignin/PTX drug delivery system has high targeting and anti-cancer effect.
Machine Learning Approaches for Defect Detection in a Microwell-based Medical Device
Authors: Zhao Xueying , Chen Yan , Jiang Yuefu , Radenbaugh Amie , Moskwa Jamie , Jensen Devon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Microfluidic devices offer numerous advantages in medical applications, including the capture of single cells in microwell-based platforms for genomic analysis. As the cost of sequencing decreases, the demand for high-throughput single-cell analysis devices increases, leading to more microwells in a single device. However, their small size and large quantity increase the quality control (QC) effort. Currently, QC steps are still performed manually in some devices, requiring intensive training and time and causing inconsistency between different operators. A way to overcome this issue is to through automated defect detection. Computer vision can quickly analyze a large number of images in a short time and can be applied in defect detection. Automated defect detection can replace manual inspection, potentially decreasing variations in QC results. We report a machine learning (ML) algorithm that applies a convolution neural network (CNN) model with 9 layers and 64 units, incorporating dropouts and regularizations. This algorithm can analyze a large number of microwells produced by injection molding, significantly increasing the number of images analyzed compared to manual operator, improving QC, and ensuring the delivery of high-quality products to customers.