bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probleme bei der Diagnose der kutanen Leishmaniose: Eine retrospektive Studie zur Analyse klinischer, histopathologischer und immunhistochemischer Merkmale
Authors: Guillet Carole , Stillhard Andrea , Welti Michèle , Hauser Xenia , Kempf Werner , Riera Cristina , Grimm Felix , Schmid‐Grendelmeier Peter , Kolm Isabel 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Inzidenz der kutanen Leishmaniose (CL) in der Schweiz nimmt aufgrund von Migration und Globalisierung zu. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Inzidenz der CL in der Schweiz zu untersuchen und die klinischen und histopathologischen Schwierigkeiten bei der Diagnose der CL zu identifizieren.Patienten und MethodikIn dieser retrospektiven Studie wurden klinische und histopathologische Charakteristika aller CL‐Fälle aus zwei dermatopathologischen Labors zwischen 2000 und 2022 analysiert. Hautbiopsien wurden mit HE, Giemsa und immunhistochemischen Färbungen (CD1a, spezifischer Leishmania‐Antikörper)untersucht. Eine Leishmania‐PCR erfolgte sofern ausreichend Gewebe vorhanden stand.Ergebnisse42 Fälle (27 m, 15 w) wurden eingeschlossen. Die korrekte klinische Diagnose einer CL wurde nur in 15 (35.7%) Fällen gestellt. In sieben (16.6%) Fällen wurde die CL bei der ersten histopathologischen Untersuchung übersehen. Zwei histopathologische Hauptmuster wurden beobachtet: granulomatös und pseudolymphomatös. Die immunhistochemische Färbung mit CD1a und Leishmania‐spezifischem Antikörper war in 91% bzw. 80% der Fälle positiv. Die Leishmania‐PCR war in 25 von 26 Fällen positiv, wobei überwiegend Altwelt‐Spezies nachgewiesen wurden.SchlussfolgerungCL ist in der Schweiz selten und wird klinisch und histopathologisch oft fehldiagnostiziert. CD1a und spezifische Leishmania‐Antikörperfärbungen sind hilfreich. Auch bei negativer Reiseanamnese in Endemiegebiete sollte bei nicht heilenden Ulzera differentialdiagnostisch an eine CL gedacht werden.
A tale of long tails: Evolution of host specialization in non‐pollinating fig wasps
Authors: Farache Fernando H. A. , Cruaud Astrid , Genson Guénaëlle , Kjellberg Finn , Rasplus Jean‐Yves , Pereira Rodrigo A. S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The evolution of host specialization and feeding habits in non‐pollinating fig wasps remains poorly understood.
This study investigates these dynamics within the wasp genus Idarnes, which exhibits diverse life strategies and degrees of host specificity.
We reconstructed the phylogeny of 57 Idarnes species using four genetic markers—two mitochondrial, one nuclear and one ribosomal—and performed ancestral state reconstructions to elucidate the evolution of host specialization.
Our analyses reveal that host monophagy is ancestral in Idarnes, with oligophagy evolving independently in several lineages. Oligophagous species are more prevalent in kleptoparasitic compared to gall‐inducing lineages. Early gallers—which are wasps that colonize figs during the pre‐receptive stage of development—are predominantly monophagous, while some oligophagous species occur in the galler lineage that uses flower ovaries at the fig receptive phase.
The relative ovipositor length correlates with the number of host species visited by kleptoparasite species, suggesting morphological adaptations play a role in host specialization. In the gall‐inducing lineages, the use of multiple host species seems not primarily constrained by the ovipositor size but possibly by the capacity of the wasp to induce galls in a non‐typical host species.
This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms driving host specialization in fig wasps, enhancing our understanding of this intricate insect‐plant system.
The effect of fly exclusion on scavenger community and carrion decomposition varies with carrion type in a Tibetan alpine meadow
Authors: He Shuaibing , Hu Xinna , Zhu Weize , Sun Wenxiao , Wei Chunrong , Sun Shucun , Wu Xinwei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Animal carrion, an ephemeral but nutritional resource, supports diverse invertebrate species involved in the decomposition process. Necrophagous flies, as the primary colonisers on carrion, can largely affect the invertebrate community and associated carrion decomposition rates; however, field data integrating different carrion types to examine the effect of fly exclusion are evidently lacking.
We conducted a field experiment to investigate the responses of arthropod scavengers and the carrion decomposition rate to fly exclusion using yak carrion and chicken carrion in a Tibetan alpine meadow.
Results show that flies (maggots) and necrophagous beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) were the predominant scavengers on both yak carrion and chicken carrion in the Tibetan alpine meadow. The responses of maggots, necrophagous beetles and predatory beetles varied with carrion types. Specifically, during the early stage of decomposition, maggots were more abundant on chicken carrion compared to yak carrion, while necrophagous beetles and predatory beetles dominated yak carrion during the late stage. The exclusion of flies significantly decreased the richness and the abundance of arthropods on yak carrion, as well as the decomposition rate of yak carrion. Fly exclusion significantly decreased the abundance of arthropods on chicken carrion but not affected the decomposition rate of chicken carrion.
Our findings clearly demonstrate that excluding flies can modify temporal successional traits and structure of scavenger community, as well as decomposition rates of both chicken carrion and yak carrion, albeit with varying effect degrees. This study represents a comprehensive investigation into the influences of necrophagous flies and carrion type on carrion decomposition on the Tibetan Plateau, which holds important implications for understanding necrophilous assemblages.
How Do We Get the Public Into Public Health Research? Learnings and Key Recommendations From Initiating a Community Involvement Project Scheme
Authors: McGrath Carmel , Lasseter Gemma , Hopewell‐ Kelly Noreen , Anderson Emma , Brooks‐Pollock Ellen , Christensen Hannah , Denford Sarah , Essery Rosie , Dawson Shoba , Schiller Evelyn , Silvonen Taru , Stokes Christina , Thomas Amy , Thomas Clare , Gibson Andy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere are many recognised benefits of public involvement, including more relevant research. The COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the existing health inequalities and disparities in access to care and treatment for under‐served groups, necessitating meaningful and sustainable approaches to engaging them in health research. However, there is limited guidance to suggest what groundwork and processes are necessary for initiating such projects. This paper outlines the practical approaches taken to initiate a community involvement project scheme and offers key recommendations from this work.MethodsThe National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit established a community involvement scheme in 2021, funding four community involvement projects enabling researchers to engage with under‐served communities. Reflections were captured through regular quarterly meeting group discussions, meeting notes and email correspondence.ResultsThe paper presents the steps taken to initiate a scheme that provided funding for a diverse range of projects working with under‐served communities. The projects demonstrated the value of allocating time to build relationships and trust, maintaining flexibility, and providing short‐term benefits such as remuneration and training to the community.DiscussionThis paper has highlighted the need for research organisations to allocate funding and resources within their infrastructures for building trusting relationships with community leaders and communities.ConclusionThis paper has outlined the steps undertaken to engage with under‐served communities to bridge the gap between public health research and those communities. We present key recommendations to guide future initiatives aspiring to engage under‐served communities in health research.Patient or Public ContributionPublic contributors have been involved in all of the four community involvement projects mentioned in this paper. Two public contributors are also co‐authors and have provided input to the writing and review of this manuscript.
Germline mutations predisposing to melanoma and associated malignancies and syndromes: a narrative review
Authors: López Riquelme Irene , Martínez García Silvestre , Serrano Ordónez Ana , Martínez Pilar Leandro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe pathogenesis of melanoma is influenced by a complex combination of environmental factors and individual genetic susceptibility. Familial melanoma refers to cases where there are two first‐degree relatives with a melanoma diagnosis. Less strict definitions include second‐degree relatives or even three or more of any degree from the same family, although this is not clearly defined in the literature. The term hereditary melanoma is reserved for sporadic or familial melanomas linked to high‐risk genes with high penetrance. The first genes related to melanoma were CDKN2A and CDK4, but recently, other genes, mostly tumor suppressor genes, have been described. Internal malignancies, particularly pancreatic cancer, have also been associated with melanoma. Recent studies suggest that there could be a link between melanoma and other neoplasms and tumor predisposition syndromes. This review presents an updated overview of familial melanoma criteria and genes involved in melanoma pathogenesis, emphasizing their clinicopathological aspects and other associated malignancies.
The Incomplete Leap: On the Transition From Union Registration to the First Collective Agreement
Authors: Ramos Vincent Jerald , Suguitan Edgar Antonio 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn decentralized systems where unionization and bargaining occur at the establishment level, what explains the (speedy) transition from union registration to the first collective agreement? While prior evidence in some developed countries (i.e., the United States) estimates this transition to be approximately a year, on average, little to no evidence exists in other contexts where unions play a less central role, as is the case in many developing countries. Addressing this gap, we analyze the Philippines where national unionization and collective bargaining coverage rates are relatively low. Using methods from survival analysis on novel register data of all new union registrations from 2016 to 2021, we descriptively demonstrate that: (i) median union membership density is low at 40%; (ii) only 20% of all new union registrations successfully register a contract within the first 5 years; and (iii) unions with higher densities, that are independent, and in the manufacturing sector are associated with elevated transition rates to a collective agreement.
Exploring Therapeutic Relational Connection in Virtual Healthcare: Insights From Nurse Practitioner Practice With Young Adults Living With Chronic Illness
Authors: Duffy Lisa V. , Evans Rebecka , Bennett Veronica , Jones Rachel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo identify the essential characteristics of therapeutic relational connection (TRC) as viewed by nurse practitioners (NPs) in the practice of their virtual visits caring for young adults living with chronic illness.DesignThis is a qualitative descriptive study of data obtained from open‐ended items on an online questionnaire.MethodsThe sample was recruited through an electronic listserv sent by the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) to access a national sample. Study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools. Data analysis was conducted through open and axial coding towards grounded theory. The ‘towards grounded theory’ approach adapts and evolves grounded theory principles to incorporate broader perspectives, enhancing flexibility and contextual sensitivity in the co‐construction of knowledge between researcher and participants. TRC was the central phenomenon.ResultsFour themes emerged from the data including Characteristics of TRC, Behavioural Manifestations, Potential Outcomes and Environment.ConclusionThe transfer of skills from in‐person clinic visits to the virtual setting is not synonymous. As virtual visits continue to be implemented as a mode to provide quality healthcare, identification of best practises for establishing an intentional use of TRC during virtual visits may be an essential component in the patient‐provider relationship. Educational interventions can be designed to train providers to identify their current practices and ways in which they might adapt their in‐person approach to the virtual visit.ImpactIdentifying essential elements of TRC in virtual visits may achieve improved outcomes as an emergent healthcare delivery model for young adults with chronic illness.Patient ContributionNo patient or public contribution. Patient or public contribution was not indicated in this study as the aim was to identify the characteristics of TRC from NPs.
Enhancing the Resilience of Bereaved Parents: Practical Experiences and Needs Perceived by Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Cheng Lei , Cai Siyu , Zhou Xuan , Zhai Xiaowen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo explore the practical experiences and perceived needs of healthcare professionals in fostering resilience among bereaved parents.DesignA qualitative descriptive study was conducted.MethodsTwenty‐seven healthcare professionals were recruited from the Paediatric Palliative Care Special Group of the Paediatrics Society of the Chinese Medical Association. The participants included 9 physicians, 7 nurses and 11 social workers from 22 hospitals and 5 community‐based services. In‐depth interviews were conducted between July and December 2022. Data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsGuided by the Society‐to‐Cells Resilience Theory, this study identified 10 categories of practical experiences and seven of perceived needs, encompassing multiple levels: society (integrating multidisciplinary resource; preserving relevant cultural tradition; advocating for system enhancements; raising public awareness), community (establishing an accessible support network; fostering an inclusive community; offering proactive community support), family (providing anticipatory guidance; enhancing family cohesion; navigating bereavement resources; providing ongoing follow‐up and support), individual (evaluating grief‐related experiences; offering tailored personal support; sustaining connections; addressing spiritual needs) and physiological (managing body reactions; maintaining physical well‐being).ConclusionThis study provides insights from healthcare professionals, highlighting practices and identifying significant gaps in current approaches to building resilience in bereaved parents. The findings suggest that resilience is a socially constructed, multidimensional process that can be nurtured through a holistic approach to better support this vulnerable group.ImpactThe study's findings lay the foundation for developing targeted interventions to foster resilience among bereaved parents. A holistic, empowering approach is essential to strengthen their coping mechanisms and facilitate healing at multiple levels, ultimately contributing to the creation of a robust, effective support system for this resilient yet vulnerable population.No Patient or Public ContributionThis study was about the experiences and perceptions of healthcare providers. It was designed and conducted by researchers who were both researchers and healthcare providers.
Using Virtual Care to Assess the Health Needs of People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Devitt Alison , Nott Melissa , Nelson Stephanie , Sgarlata Julia , Gray Michelle , Balachandran Srilaxmi , Taskin Asma 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic precipitated a rapid roll‐out of virtual health care services to people with intellectual disabilities. Limited evidence is available for clinicians to guide virtual care delivery.MethodTwenty‐three studies were identified through systematic searching of 16 databases. Extracted data were mapped to the NSW Virtual Health Strategy.ResultsEvidence exists to support the use of virtual care for screening, diagnosis, assessment, and review of people with intellectual disabilities, with benefits for clients, carers, and clinicians. Evidence mapped well to the priority areas of the NSW Virtual Health Strategy, highlighting the need for clinician training and specific supports and adaptations to ensure accessibility for people with intellectual disabilities.ConclusionsThe use of virtual care to assess the health needs of people with intellectual disabilities across the lifespan is nascent. An opportunity exists for co‐design with people with intellectual disabilities to reduce barriers to accessing and engaging in virtual care.
The Accuracy of 3D‐Printed Fixed Dental Restorations
Authors: Alammar Amirah , Att Wael , Beuer Florian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of resin‐based fixed dental restorations, namely veneers, single crowns, and four‐unit fixed partial dental prosthesis (FPDs), using two different 3D printing technologies and polymer‐based materials.Materials and MethodsA standard maxillary polyurethane jaw model containing prepared teeth was scanned using an intraoral scanner. The generated STL data were used to design the restorations virtually using CAD software. Two 3D printers were utilized for the provisional digital light processing and stereolithography for the castable resin patterns. Each printer produced 10 specimens of each type of restoration, for a total of 80 restorations. The 3D‐printed restorations were then 3D scanned using the same intraoral scanner and evaluated for external and internal dimensional accuracy in terms of trueness and precision. A one‐way ANOVA and two‐sample T‐test were implemented to compute the precision (variability between groups) and trueness (with the designed CAD model). A level of statistical significance of p‐value < 0.05 was set.ResultsStatistical differences in the external dimensional analysis of the incisors, molars, and four‐unit FPD with p‐values < 0.001, 0.002, and 0.004, respectively. For the internal dimensional analysis, the overall mean values of trueness ranged between 17 and 52 μm, and the variability was significant.ConclusionThe external and internal dimensional accuracy values of the 3D‐printed fixed dental restorations in this in vitro study in terms of trueness can be clinically accepted after chairside modifications. However, significant variability between the 3D‐printed restorations was observed. Further investigations are needed to improve the accuracy of the 3D‐printed fixed dental restorations.Clinical SignificanceIn terms of clinical applications, 3D‐printed fixed dental restorations produced by both 3D‐printing technologies and polymer‐based materials achieved acceptable levels of trueness, although some variability was observed. Significant deviations from the CAD model may require further chairside adjustments. Future integration of AI with 3D‐printing may further improve the accuracy and efficiency of fixed dental restoration production.
From silence to song: Testosterone triggers extensive transcriptional changes in the female canary HVC
Authors: Ko Meng‐Ching , Frankl‐Vilches Carolina , Bakker Antje , Sohnius‐Wilhelmi Nina , Alcami Pepe , Gahr Manfred 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeasonal song production in canaries is influenced by gonadal hormones, but the molecular mechanisms underlying testosterone‐induced song development in adult female canaries, which rarely sing naturally, remain poorly understood. We explored testosterone‐induced song development in adult female canaries by comparing gene regulatory networks in the song‐controlling brain area HVC at multiple time points (1 h to 14 days) post‐treatment with those of placebo‐treated controls. Females began vocalizing within 4 days of testosterone treatment, with song complexity and HVC volume increasing progressively over 2 weeks. Rapid transcriptional changes involving 2739 genes preceded song initiation. Over 2 weeks, 9913 genes—approximately 64% of the canary's protein‐coding genome—were differentially expressed, with 98% being transiently regulated. These genes are linked to various biological functions, with early changes at the cellular level and later changes affecting the nervous system level after prolonged hormone exposure. Our findings suggest that testosterone‐induced song development is accompanied by extensive and dynamic transcriptional changes in the HVC, implicating widespread neuronal involvement. These changes underpin the gradual emergence of singing behavior, providing insights into the neural basis of seasonal behavioral patterns.
Predicting glioblastoma progression using MR diffusion tensor imaging: A systematic review
Authors: Cozzi Francesca M. , Mayrand Roxanne C. , Wan Yizhou , Price Stephen J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeDespite multimodal treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), recurrence beyond the initial tumor volume is inevitable. Moreover, conventional MRI has shortcomings that hinder the early detection of occult white matter tract infiltration by tumor, but diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a sensitive probe for assessing microstructural changes, facilitating the identification of progression before standard imaging. This sensitivity makes DTI a valuable tool for predicting recurrence. A systematic review was therefore conducted to investigate how DTI, in comparison to conventional MRI, can be used for predicting GBM progression.MethodsWe queried three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) using the search terms: (diffusion tensor imaging OR DTI) AND (glioblastoma OR GBM) AND (recurrence OR progression). For included studies, data pertaining to the study type, number of GBM recurrence patients, treatment type(s), and DTI‐related metrics of recurrence were extracted.ResultsIn all, 16 studies were included, from which there were 394 patients in total. Six studies reported decreased fractional anisotropy in recurrence regions, and 2 studies described the utility of connectomics/tractography for predicting tumor migratory pathways to a site of recurrence. Three studies reported evidence of tumor progression using DTI before recurrence was visible on conventional imaging.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that DTI metrics may be useful for guiding surgical and radiotherapy planning for GBM patients, and for informing long‐term surveillance. Understanding the current state of the literature pertaining to these metrics’ trends is crucial, particularly as DTI is increasingly used as a treatment‐guiding imaging modality.