bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of limiting similarity revealed using a conservative assessment of coexistence
Authors: Schamp Brandon S. , Jensen Ashley M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe concept of limiting similarity is important in ecology because it encapsulates the expectation under niche theory that differences among species are fundamental to coexistence. A growing body of research has tested for evidence of limiting similarity, but only a small number of studies have produced support. Here, using relevant field data, we highlight one possible explanation for the paucity of support for limiting similarity. We test whether coexisting plant species that share bees as pollinators flower asynchronously, a form of temporal niche separation consistent with limiting similarity. Our results provide evidence of limiting similarity, adding to the small collection of null modeling studies that have thus far done so. Our work also provides evidence that temporal niche variation may be an important niche axis that broadly contributes to species coexistence. Finally, we demonstrate that a more conservative assessment of coexistence that includes only individual plants that have achieved reproduction, is consequential in whether we find evidence of significant flowering asynchrony in this study. We conclude that the conservative approach to assessing coexistence that we present here can reduce noise in coexistence data, improving our power to test for evidence consistent with limiting similarity. Using this approach may or may not result in an increase in evidence supporting limiting similarity; however, it will certainly give researchers more confidence that they have not missed existing evidence of limiting similarity.
Single and Combined Effects of Zinc and Manganese on the Bivalve Anodontites trapesialis: Complementary Endpoints to Support the Hypothesis of Manganese Promoting Metabolic Suppression in Gills
Authors: de Oliveira Luciana Fernandes , Cabral Millena Terezinha , Nascimento Cássia Bruno , Magni Stefano , Binelli Andrea , Martinez Claudia Bueno dos Reis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Manganese (Mn) might stimulate the valve closure reflex in the freshwater bivalve Anodontites trapesialis, leading to metabolic suppression, whereas zinc (Zn) is not able to modify this behavior. To investigate this particular response, we exposed A. trapesialis specimens to Mn (0.5 mg L–1) and Zn (1.0 mg L–1) alone, and to their mixture, to measure further endpoints in different clam tissues: glycogen level in gills, and calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), and chloride (Cl–) concentrations in the hemolymph. Furthermore, we used cutting-edge technology, proteomics, to evaluate modifications in protein patterns under the 3 exposure tests. The main results highlighted that only Mn caused a clear drop in glycogen levels in gills, an increase in Ca2+ and Na+, and a simultaneous decrease in Cl– concentration in the hemolymph. The proteomic analysis confirmed that Mn promoted more effects in A. trapesialis than the other tested conditions, because the number of proteins modulated was higher than the results obtained after exposure to Zn and the mixture. Moreover, 11 of the 12 modulated proteins were down-expressed. These results consolidate the hypothesis that Mn might suppress gill metabolic rate in A. trapesialis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2480–2485. © 2019 SETAC
Abstract
A previous study suggested manganese (Mn) as a possible metabolic suppressor in Anodontites trapesialis, and the present study adds other endpoints that support this hypothesis. Zn = zinc; ROS = reactive oxygen species; AChE = acetylcholinesterase; CTR = control.
Signaling legitimacy across institutional contexts—The intermediary role of corporate social responsibility rating agencies
Authors: Kölbel Julian F. , Busch Timo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryGood corporate social responsibility (CSR) ratings can increase a firm's legitimacy and reduce its default risk. Yet, the interpretation of CSR varies between different countries. We investigate whether CSR ratings have a risk‐mitigating effect across different institutional contexts. We find that good CSR ratings have a general risk‐mitigating effect. Yet, we also find that the effect decreases when the rating agency is embedded in the institutional context of its home country and the rated firm operates in a country with a different culture or regulatory system. This suggests that a rating agency's country of origin and its embeddedness in that country's context play an important role in the relationship between CSR ratings and default risk.Managerial SummaryIn this article, we investigate to what extent CSR rating agencies signal organizational legitimacy across institutional contexts. Specifically, we evaluate how institutional distance between the rating agency and the rated firm moderates the negative effect of the CSR rating on the firm's default risk. We compare two CSR rating agencies, OEKOM, which is strongly embedded in its institutional context, and ASSET4, which operates across diverse institutional contexts. Based on a panel of 604 firms in 13 countries from 2011 to 2016, we show that CSR ratings from both rating agencies have a risk‐mitigating main effect. Yet, only in the case of OEKOM is the effect negatively moderated by regulatory and cultural distance. Thus, the legitimating effect of institutionally embedded CSR rating agencies decreases with institutional distance.
Absence of disruptive TP53 mutations in high‐risk human papillomavirus‐driven neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary
Authors: Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Schroeder Lea , Sacchetto Valeria , Holzinger Dana , Da Mosto Maria Cristina , Tirelli Giancarlo , Dal Cin Elisa , Mantovani Monica , Menegaldo Anna , Del Mistro Annarosa , Romeo Salvatore , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Niero Monia , Rigo Stefania , Dyckhoff Gerhard , Hess Jochen , Alemany Laia , Quer Miquel , León Xavier , Polesel Jerry , Pawlita Michael , Bertorelle Roberta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo enforce the evidence for causality between high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections and neck squamous cell carcinoma from unknown primary (NSCCUP) and provide biological basis for treatment de‐intensification, we searched for TP53 mutations in association with HPV status.MethodsTP53 mutations were searched for by amplification of exons 4 to 10.ResultsOf the 70 NSCCUP, 27 (39%) harbored HPV infection. TP53 sequencing resulted in the identification of 19 patients harboring single mutations including 16 disruptive alterations (84%). The association of TP53 mutations and HPV could be evaluated in 48 NSCCUP including those with disruptive mutation in any exon (n = 16) and those without mutations but with complete sequence of exons 4 to 9 (n = 32): no disruptive mutations were found in the 17 HPV‐driven NSCCUP but in 16 of the 31 non‐HPV‐driven NSCCUP (P = .0002).ConclusionIn a fraction of cases, NSCCUP is an HPV‐driven entity harboring wild‐type TP53 gene or nondisruptive TP53 mutations. HPV‐driven NSCCUP might benefit from treatment de‐intensification.
Towards monitoring groundwater‐dependent ecosystems using synthetic aperture radar imagery
Authors: Castellazzi Pascal , Doody Tanya , Peeters Luk 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMapping of groundwater‐dependent ecosystems (GDEs) relies largely on assumption‐laden evaporation models, and few global, direct, and real‐time monitoring techniques exist. We propose a new synthetic aperture radar imagery‐derived index, SARGDE, to identify and monitor these ecosystems across Australia. The index captures vegetation reliance on groundwater during dry periods by estimating the relative stability of foliage and branch structure from the vertical/horizontal cross‐polarized band and InSAR coherence. SARGDE is tested over two contrasting study sites in Australia. To build and verify the index, a total of 90 Sentinel‐1 interferometric wide images are processed and stacked in two data‐cubes. GDE response to the SAR signal is explored using a non‐linear dimension reduction algorithm. Relevant statistical parameters are derived from data‐cubes and combined to form the index. As the index relies on a 1‐year time series of globally, freely available, and cloud‐insensitive SAR imagery, SARGDE offers unprecedented capabilities for large‐scale, annual monitoring of GDEs. Such monitoring will aid reconciliation of human and ecosystem groundwater needs by acting as a systematic monitoring tool, helping policy makers to assure ecosystem sustainability where impacts related to mining, agriculture, or climate change may occur.
Moisture origin and stable isotope characteristics of precipitation in southeast Siberia
Authors: Kostrova Svetlana S. , Meyer Hanno , Fernandoy Francisco , Werner Martin , Tarasov Pavel E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe paper presents oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of 284 precipitation event samples systematically collected in Irkutsk, in the Baikal region (southeast Siberia), between June 2011 and April 2017. This is the first high‐resolution dataset of stable isotopes of precipitation from this poorly studied region of continental Asia, which has a high potential for isotope‐based palaeoclimate research. The dataset revealed distinct seasonal variations: relatively high δ18O (up to −4‰) and δD (up to −40‰) values characterize summer air masses, and lighter isotope composition (−41‰ for δ18O and −322‰ for δD) is characteristic of winter precipitation. Our results show that air temperature mainly affects the isotope composition of precipitation, and no significant correlations were obtained for precipitation amount and relative humidity. A new temperature dependence was established for weighted mean monthly precipitation: +0.50‰/°C (r2 = 0.83; p <.01; n = 55) for δ18O and +3.8‰/°C (r2 = 0.83, p < 0.01; n = 55) for δD. Secondary fractionation processes (e.g., contribution of recycled moisture) were identified mainly in summer from low d excess. Backward trajectories assessed with the Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model indicate that precipitation with the lowest mean δ18O and δD values reaches Irkutsk in winter related to moisture transport from the Arctic. Precipitation originating from the west/southwest with the heaviest mean isotope composition reaches Irkutsk in summer, thus representing moisture transport across Eurasia. Generally, moisture transport from the west, that is, the Atlantic Ocean predominates throughout the year. A comparison of our new isotope dataset with simulation results using the European Centre/Hamburg version 5 (ECHAM5)‐wiso climate model reveals a good agreement of variations in δ18O (r2 = 0.87; p <.01; n = 55) and air temperature (r2 = 0.99; p <.01; n = 71). However, the ECHAM5‐wiso model fails to capture observed variations in d excess (r2 = 0.14; p < 0.01; n = 55). This disagreement can be partly explained by a model deficit of capturing regional hydrological processes associated with secondary moisture supply in summer.
WAIMH position paper: Infants’ rights in wartime
Authors: Keren Miri , Abdallah Ghasson , Tyano Sam 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe World Association for Infant Mental Health (WAIMH) decided to compose a position paper on infants’ rights in wartime, as there is still a general lack of attention paid to the impact of war‐related traumas on infants’ development and psychological health. Though there are numerous areas of violent conflicts around the globe, there have been few published studies that relate specifically to infants. Consequently, humanitarian aid programs tend to overlook infants’ psychological needs and to pay more attention to those of older children. This position paper first reviews the studies identified through a literature search, about the impact of war‐related traumas during pregnancy and postnatal periods, then describes the existing recommendations that have been added to the Children Rights Convention and their implications for infant mental health clinicians.
HIPK2 role in the tumor–host interaction: Impact on fibroblasts transdifferentiation CAF‐like
Authors: Garufi Alessia , Traversi Gianandrea , Cirone Mara , D'Orazi Gabriella 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe dialogue between cancer cells and the surrounding fibroblasts, tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM), and immune cells can create a tumor microenvironment (TME) able to promote tumor progression and metastasis and induce resistance to anticancer therapies. Cancer cells, by producing growth factors and cytokines, can recruit and activate fibroblasts in the TME inducing their transdifferention in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Then, CAFs, in a reciprocal cross‐talk with cancer cells, sustain cancer growth and survival and support malignancy and tumor resistance to therapies. Therefore, the identification of the molecular mechanisms regulating the interplay between cancer cells and fibroblasts can offer an intriguing opportunity for novel diagnostic and therapeutic anticancer purpose. HIPK2 is a multifunctional tumor suppressor protein that modulates cancer cell growth and apoptosis in response to anticancer drugs and negatively regulates pathways involved in tumor progression and chemoresistance. HIPK2 protein downregulation is induced by hypoxia and hyperglycemia and HIPK2 knockdown favors tumor progression and resistance to therapy other than a pseudohypoxic, inflammatory, and angiogenic cancer phenotype. Therefore, we hypothesized that HIPK2 modulation in cancer cells could contribute to modify the tumor–host interaction. In support of our hypothesis, here we provide evidence that culturing human fibroblasts (hFB) with conditioned media derived from cancer cells undergoing HIPK2 knockdown (CMsiHIPK2) triggered their transdifferentiation CAF‐like, compared to hFB cultured with CM‐derived from HIPK2‐carrying control cancer cells. CAF transdifferentiation was identified by expression of several markers including α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and collagen I and correlated with autophagy–mediated caveolin‐1 degradation. Although the molecular mechanisms dictating CAF‐transdifferentiation need to be elucidated, these results open the way to further study the role of HIPK2 in TME remodeling for prognostic and therapeutic purpose.
Early‐life exposure to low levels of permethrin exerts impairments in learning and memory with the effects on neuronal and glial population in adult male mice
Authors: Saito Hirokatsu , Hara Kenshiro , Tominaga Takashi , Nakashima Kinichi , Tanemura Kentaro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPermethrin, a pyrethroid chemical, is widely used as a pesticide because of its rapid insecticidal activity. Although permethrin is considered to exert very low toxicity in mammals, the effects of early, low‐level, chronic exposure on the adult central nervous system are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of low‐level, chronic permethrin exposure in early life on the brain functions of adult mice, using environmentally relevant concentrations. We exposed mice to the acceptable daily intake level of permethrin (0.3 ppm) in drinking water during the prenatal and postnatal periods. We then examined the effects on the central nervous system in adult male offspring. In the permethrin group, we detected behavior that displayed incomplete adaptation to a novel environment, as well as an impairment in learning and memory. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in doublecortin‐ (an immature neuron marker) positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the permethrin exposure group compared with the control group. Additionally, in the permethrin exposure group there was a decrease in astrocyte number in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, and remaining astrocytes were often irregularly shaped. These results suggest that exposure to permethrin at low levels in early life affects the formation of the neural circuit base and behavior after maturation. Therefore, in the central nervous system of male mice, low‐level, chronic permethrin exposure during the prenatal and postnatal periods has effects that were not expected based on the known effects of permethrin exposure in mature animals.
An efficient approach to produce 2,5‐diformylfuran from 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural using air as oxidant
Authors: Jia Wenlong , Du Juan , Liu Huai , Feng Yunchao , Sun Yong , Tang Xing , Zeng Xianhai , Lin Lu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUND2,5‐Diformylfuran (DFF) is a versatile bio‐derived platform chemical. Multiple catalytic systems including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been studied for the oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to DFF, but a more efficient and economical approach to produce DFF via HMF remains to be developed.RESULTSThis study provides a practical approach to oxidizing HMF to DFF using Fe(NO3)3/Cu(NO3)2as catalysts and air as oxidant with the assistance of K2S2O8. The typical oxidation of HMF to DFF was conducted under conditions of 4 wt% catalyst, 80 °C and 3 h, achieving an excellent DFF yield of over 99%.CONCLUSIONIn this oxidation reaction, Fe(NO3)3played a crucial catalytic role by the redox cycle of Fe(III) and Fe(II), while Cu(NO3)2functioned as a co‐catalyst to promote the redox cycle of Fe(II) and Fe(III) by the redox cycle of Cu(II) and Cu(I) with the assistance of oxygen. Meanwhile, NO2released from the decomposition of Fe(NO3)3during the redox cycle of Fe(II) and Fe(III) also participated in the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) by the redox cycle of NO2and NO with the assistance of oxygen. Noteworthily, K2S2O8provided an essential acidity to the oxidation of HMF to DFF through its decomposition product SO3. All these factors together ensured the efficient conversion of HMF and high selectivity of DFF. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Genetic and epigenetic modifications of adiponectin gene: Potential association with breast cancer risk
Authors: Pasha Heba F. , Mohamed Randa H. , Toam Mostafa M. , Yehia Ahmed M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdipokines produced by adipose tissue are directly linked to obesity and may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer. We hypothesized that genetic and epigenetic modifications in the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene and their impact on serum ADIPOQ levels may participate in increasing breast cancer (BC) risk. The present study aimed to investigate ADIPOQ +45 T/G gene polymorphism, methylation status at CpG sites −74 nucleotides (nt) and −283 nt of the ADIPOQ gene, and ADIPOQ serum levels in BC obese women.MethodsSerum ADIPOQ was measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. ADIPOQ +45 T/G gene polymorphism and ADIPOQ promoter methylation status were determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a methylation‐specific PCR, respectively, in 120 obese women with BC and 120 age‐matched controls.ResultsADIPOQ +45 GG genotype carriers had a significant increased risk of developing BC (odds ratio = 6.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–29.6, p = 0.02). ADIPOQ gene methylation at site −74 nt resulted in a 1.7‐fold increased BC risk. Methylation at site –283 nt resulted in a 1.9‐fold increased BC risk. Moreover serum levels of ADIPOQ were significantly decreased in BC patients and down‐regulated in the presence of methylation in both examined sites. By contrast, no association between ADIPOQ gene polymorphism and serum ADIPOQ level was detected. Using both methylated sites in one panel detected cancer breast with 76.67% sensitivity and 62.18% accuracy.ConclusionsADIPOQ +45 T/G polymorphism and ADIPOQ promoter methylation were found to be associated with BC risk in obese Egyptian women.
Highly Efficient [3 + 2] Cycloaddition: Click Synthesis of Novel 1H‐indol‐3‐yl‐benzo[d]imidazole Bis‐triazoles
Authors: Bakkolla Mahesh Goud , Taduri Ashok Kumar , Bhoomireddy Rama Devi 
Published: August 2019

A series of novel 1‐((1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)‐2‐(1‐((1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)‐5‐substituted‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐6‐substituted‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazoles 5a–i have been prepared using click chemistry as an ideal strategy where [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azides with terminal alkynes has been developed as the target compounds. In route‐II, 5‐substituted‐1H‐indole‐3‐carbaldehydes 1a–c react with 5‐substituted orthophenylenediamine 8 to give desired products, that is, 6‐substituted‐2‐(5‐substituted‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole 6a–i. Here, 6a–i react with 2 equiv of propargylbromide 7 to give novel 6‐substituted 2‐(5‐substituted‐1‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐1‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazole 4a–i. 4a–i were reacted with 2 equiv of NaN3 in t‐butanol/water (1:2) and add catalytic amount of CuSO4.5H2O. Stir the reaction mixture at room temperature to get the target products 5a–i. Here, obtained products contain four rings, that is, one indole, two triazoles, and one benzimidazole. The main advantages of this method are short reaction times, easy workup, higher yields (88–92%), and no by‐products formation.
Detailed profile of cognitive dysfunction in children with aspartylglucosaminuria
Authors: Harjunen Elina Leena , Laine Minna , Tikkanen Ritva , Helenius Päivi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is a rare, recessively inherited lysosomal disease with relatively high prevalence in Finnish population. This progressive disease has a vast impact on patient's cognition and physical health, leading to intellectual disability and shorter life expectancy. Cognitive functions of 21 7‐ to 14‐year‐old children with AGU were studied cross‐sectionally using Wechsler's Intelligence Scale for Children IV and the results were compared with a standardized Finnish sample. In addition to overall cognitive performance, abilities in discrete cognitive domains, including verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed, were examined. The results showed that despite the very low overall level of cognitive performance, there were notable differences between individuals. All those children whose performance was closer to their own age level were 7 to 10 years old. Processing speed appeared more compromised, as compared with verbal comprehension. Furthermore, examining the subtest raw scores, there were no significant positive correlations between age and subtest scores, suggesting that the developmental level of AGU children could be rather stable throughout ages 7 to 14. This study gives insight to the severe nature of AGU disease. Since younger children performed better compared to their age norms than older children, the results raise a question whether the highest peak in cognitive functions is reached at an earlier age than previously thought.