bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techno‐economic and life‐cycle assessments of small‐scale biorefineries for isobutene and xylo‐oligosaccharides production: a comparative study in Portugal and Chile
Authors: Lopes Tiago F. , Carvalheiro Florbela , Duarte Luís C. , Gírio Francisco , Quintero Julián A. , Aroca Germán 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work presents a comparative simulation study involving the techno‐economic and environmental assessment of lignocellulosic‐based small‐scale biorefineries, integrated with a piggery waste‐based anaerobic digestion platform (ADB), located in Portugal and Chile. Two main products are obtained: isobutene and xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS). The bioproduction of isobutene using a genetically engineered organism (Escherichia coli), coupled with the removal and purification of high added‐value XOS, obtained after a feedstock hydrothermal pre‐treatment, was evaluated. Two lignocellulosic agricultural wastes were used: corn stover in the Portuguese case study and wheat straw in Chilean case study. Both processes were simulated using the Aspen Plus modeling software tool, while the Aspen Process Economic Analyzer was used to carry out the economic evaluation. The simulation results were validated with experimental data from the laboratory and the literature. An economic assessment was performed considering the different locations of both biorefineries. A life‐cycle analysis (LCA) was also applied to evaluate the differences in environmental impacts on both locations. The results showed that the isobutene / XOS biorefinery concept was economically viable in both Portugal and Chile, mainly due to the high market value of XOS. The biorefinery has lower production costs for isobutene and XOS (1 US$/kg of isobutene and 1.18 US$/kg of XOS) when located in Portugal, as compared with Chile (1.14 US$/kg of isobutene and 1.56 US$/kg of XOS). Conversely, it leads to less environmental impact when located in Chile: 48.8 kgCO2eq./GJisobutene, in comparison to 60.7 kgCO2eq./GJisobutene in Portugal. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Spannungsumlagerungen bei ermüdungsbeanspruchten Spannbetonbalken im numerischen Modell und Versuch
Authors: Birkner Dennis , Marx Steffen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMithilfe eines Resonanzprüfstands werden vorgespannte Betonbalken bis in den Very‐High‐Cycle‐Fatigue Bereich auf Ermüdung beansprucht. Es werden großformatige Probekörper untersucht, sodass im Vergleich zu üblichen Probekörpergrößen Effekte wie lokale Steifigkeitsänderungen und Spannungsumlagerungen abgebildet werden können, die einen positiven Einfluss auf die Lebensdauer von Beton haben. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen werden hinsichtlich der Dehnungs‐ und Steifigkeitsänderung ausgewertet und anschließend mit numerischen Berechnungen verglichen. Das verwendete numerische Modell ist ein in einem kommerziellen Finite‐Elemente‐Programm implementierter Algorithmus, der in der Lage ist, Steifigkeitsverluste infolge Ermüdungsbeanspruchungen abzubilden und somit auch Spannungsumlagerungen darzustellen, die messtechnisch in den Versuchen nicht erfassbar sind. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine kontinuierliche Schädigungsentwicklung mit einem dreiphasigen Verlauf, infolgedessen es zu Spannungsumlagerungen von den stärker beanspruchten Querschnittsrändern ins Balkeninnere und somit zu einer Verlängerung der Bauteillebensdauer kommt.
Combined Cell Surface Display of β‐d‐Glucosidase (BGL), Maltose Transporter (MAL11), and Overexpression of Cytosolic Xylose Reductase (XR) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Enhance Cellobiose/Xylose Coutilization for Xylitol Bioproduction from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Guirimand Gregory G. Y. , Bamba Takahiro , Matsuda Mami , Inokuma Kentaro , Morita Kenta , Kitada Yuki , Kobayashi Yuma , Yukawa Takahiro , Sasaki Kengo , Ogino Chiaki , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: July 2019

Xylitol is a highly valuable commodity chemical used extensively in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The production of xylitol from d‐xylose involves a costly and polluting catalytic hydrogenation process. Biotechnological production from lignocellulosic biomass by micro‐organisms like yeasts is a promising option. In this study, xylitol is produced from lignocellulosic biomass by a recombinant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) (YPH499‐SsXR‐AaBGL) expressing cytosolic xylose reductase (Scheffersomyces stipitis xylose reductase [SsXR]), along with a β‐d‐glucosidase (Aspergillus aculeatus β‐glucosidase 1 [AaBGL]) displayed on the cell surface. The simultaneous cofermentation of cellobiose/xylose by this strain leads to an ≈2.5‐fold increase in Yxylitol/xylose (=0.54) compared to the use of a glucose/xylose mixture as a substrate. Further improvement in the xylose uptake by the cell is achieved by a broad evaluation of several homologous and heterologous transporters. Homologous maltose transporter (ScMAL11) shows the best performance in xylose transport and is used to generate the strain YPH499‐XR‐ScMAL11‐BGL with a significantly improved xylitol production capacity from cellobiose/xylose coutilization. This report constitutes a promising proof of concept to further scale up the biorefinery industrial production of xylitol from lignocellulose by combining cell surface and metabolic engineering in S. cerevisiae.
Engineering high‐gravity fermentations for ethanol production at elevated temperature with Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Caspeta Luis , Coronel Jesús , Montes de Oca Arturo , Abarca Eduardo , González Lidia , Martínez Alfredo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThermal damage, high osmolarity, and ethanol toxicity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae limit titer and productivity in fermentation to produce ethanol. We show that long‐term adaptive laboratory evolution at 39.5°C generates thermotolerant yeast strains, which increased ethanol yield and productivity by 10% and 70%, in 2% glucose fermentations. From these strains, which also tolerate elevated‐osmolarity, we selected a stable one, namely a strain lacking chromosomal duplications. This strain (TTY23) showed reduced mitochondrial metabolism and high proton efflux, and therefore lower ethanol tolerance. This maladaptation was bolstered by reestablishing proton homeostasis through increasing fermentation pH from 5 to 6 and/or adding potassium to the media. This change allowed the TTY23 strain to produce 1.3–1.6 times more ethanol than the parental strain in fermentations at 40°C with glucose concentrations ~300 g/L. Furthermore, ethanol titers and productivities up to 93.1 and 3.87 g·L
−1·hr
−1 were obtained from fermentations with 200 g/L glucose in potassium‐containing media at 40°C. Albeit the complexity of cellular responses to heat, ethanol, and high osmolarity, in this study we overcome such limitations by an inverse metabolic engineering approach.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan, integrin, and syndecan‐4 are mechanosensors mediating cyclic strain‐modulated endothelial gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cell‐derived endothelial cells
Authors: Nikmanesh Maria , Cancel Limary M. , Shi Zhong‐Dong , Tarbell John M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is widely believed that the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into viable endothelial cells (ECs) for use in vascular tissue engineering can be enhanced by mechanical forces. In our previous work, we reported that shear stress enhanced important EC functional genes on a CD31+/CD45− cell population derived from mouse ESC committed to the EC lineage. In the present study, in contrast to the effects of shear stress on this cell population, we observed that cyclic strain significantly reduced the expression of EC‐specific marker genes (vWF, VE‐cadherin, and PECAM‐1), tight junction protein genes (ZO‐1, OCLD, and CLD5), and vasoactive genes (eNOS and ET1), while it did not alter the expression of COX2. Taken together, these studies indicate that only shear stress, not cyclic strain, is a useful mechanical stimulus for enhancing the properties of CD31+/CD45− cells for use as EC in vascular tissue engineering. To begin examining the mechanisms controlling cyclic strain‐induced suppression of gene expression in CD31+/CD45− cells, we depleted the heparan sulfate (HS) component of the glycocalyx, blocked integrins, and silenced the HS proteoglycan syndecan‐4 in separate experiments. All of these treatments resulted in the reversal of cyclic strain‐induced gene suppression. The current study and our previous work provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that balance the influence of cyclic strain and shear stress in endothelial cells.
Potentiation of concurrent expression of lipogenic genes by novel strong promoters in the oleaginous microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Zou Li‐Gong , Balamurugan Srinivasan , Zhou Tian‐Bao , Chen Jia‐Wen , Li Da‐Wei , Yang Wei‐Dong , Liu Jie‐Sheng , Li Hong‐Ye 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere has been growing interest in using microalgae as production hosts for a wide range of value‐added compounds. However, microalgal genetic improvement is impeded by lack of genetic tools to concurrently control multiple genes. Here, we identified two novel strong promoters, designated Pt202 and Pt667, and delineated their potential role on simultaneously driving the expression of key lipogenic genes in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In silico analyses of the identified promoter sequences predicted the presence of essential core cis elements such as TATA and CAAT boxes. Regulatory role of the promoters was preliminarily assessed by using GUS reporter which demonstrated strong GUS expression. Thereafter, two key lipogenic genes including malic enzyme (PtME) and 5‐desaturase (PtD5b), were overexpressed by the two promoters Pt202 and Pt667, respectively, in P. tricornutum. Combinatorial gene overexpression did not impair general physiological performance, meanwhile neutral lipid content was remarkably increased by 2.4‐fold. GC‐MS analysis of fatty acid methyl esters revealed that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5) was increased significantly. The findings augment a crucial kit to microalgal genetic tools that could facilitate the multiple‐gene expression driven by various promoters, and promote microalgae for industrial bioproduction.
Solid‐State Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of MnII Complexes
Authors: Yadava Khushboo , Vittal Jagadese J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThree MnII complexes have been synthesized under similar experimental conditions. Of these [Mn2(benzoate)4(L)2] (where L=4‐styrylpyridine or 4spy, 1 and 2‐fluoro‐4′‐styrylpyridine or 2F‐4spy, 3) are paddlewheel complexes, but crystallized in different space groups. Whereas [Mn2(benzoate)4(3F‐4spy)4] (3F‐4spy=3‐fluoro‐4′‐styrylpyridine), 4 is a dinuclear complex having different stoichiometry from 1 and 3 with two pairs of 3F‐4spy ligands aligned in face‐to‐face manner. An irreversible phase transition occurs from the space group P21/c to C2/c when 1 was heated up to 125 °C to 2 in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal fashion or when ground 1 to powder. 2 is isomorphous and isostructural to 3. Complimentary π–π interactions in head‐to‐tail alignment of the styrylpyridine ligands furnishes 1D aggregates in 1–3 which are congenial to undergo [2+2] cycloaddition reaction under UV light. Whereas, face‐to‐face alignment of the 4spy pairs in 4 is expected to provide a head‐to‐head photoproduct. All the MnII complexes are indeed found to be photoreactive. To our surprise, contrary to their ZnII analogues, 2 and 3 were not found to be photosalient. The percentage volume expansion during the photoreaction as determined from the density measurements, was found to be too low (3.2 and 4.6 % respectively for 2 and 3) to have this behavior.
The Shape of the Archetypical Oxocarbon Squaric Acid and Its Water Clusters
Authors: Sanz‐Novo Miguel , Alonso Elena R. , León Iker , Alonso J. L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, a full structural description is presented for the archetypical supramolecular synthone squaric acid (3,4‐dihydroxy‐3‐cyclobutene‐1,2‐dione), placed in the gas phase by laser ablation and characterized by chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave technique. Free from natural environmental disturbances, two different anti‐anti and syn‐anti planar forms and the corresponding water clusters have been revealed in a supersonic expansion. The substitution structure of the most stable anti‐anti conformer has also been extracted from the analysis of the rotational spectra of the 13C and 18O isotopic species in their natural abundance. The interplay between inter‐ and intramolecular interactions involving hydroxy and carbonyl groups has been analyzed by QTAIM (quantum theory of atoms in molecules) methods for squaric acid and its water clusters to understand their chemical behavior and further rationalize their role in the stabilization of these molecular systems.
Recent Advances in Aggregation‐Induced Electrochemiluminescence
Authors: Wei Xing , Zhu Meng‐Jiao , Yan Hong , Lu Changsheng , Xu Jing‐Juan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe emergence of the rising alliance between aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is defined as aggregation‐induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL). The booming science of AIE has proved to be not only distinguished in luminescent materials but could also inject new possibility into ECL analysis. Especially in the aqueous phase and solid state for hydrophobic materials, AIE helps ECL circumvent the dilemma between substantial emission intensity and biocompatible media. The wide range of analytes makes ECL an overwhelmingly interesting analytical technique. Therefore, AIECL has gained potential in clinical diagnostics, environmental assays, and biomarker detections. This review will focus on introduction of the novel concept of AIECL, current applied luminophores, and related applications developed in recent years.
Treatment of Silylene–Phosphinidene with Chalcogens Resulted Exclusively in the Formation of Silicon‐Bonded Chalcogens
Authors: Sinhababu Soumen , Siddiqui Mujahuddin M. , Sarkar Samir Kumar , Münch Annika , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , George Anjana , Parameswaran Pattiyil , Stalke Dietmar , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChalcogen‐bonded silicon phosphinidenes LSi(E)−P−MecAAC (E=S (1); Se (2); Te (3); L=PhC(NtBu)2; MecAAC=C(CH2)(CMe2)2N‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3)) were synthesized from the reactions of silylene–phosphinidene LSi−P−MecAAC (A) with elemental chalcogens. All the compounds reported herein have been characterized by multinuclear NMR, elemental analyses, LIFDI‐MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. Furthermore, the regeneration of silylene–phosphinidene (A) was achieved from the reactions of 2–3 with L′Al (L′=HC{(CMe)(2,6‐iPr2C6H3N)}2). Theoretical studies on chalcogen‐bonded silicon phosphinidenes indicate that the Si−E (E=S, Se, Te) bond can be best represented as charge‐separated electron‐sharing σ‐bonding interaction between [LSi−P−MecAAC]+ and E−. The partial double‐bond character of Si−E is attributed to significant hyperconjugative donation from the lone pair on E− to the Si−N and Si−P σ*‐molecular orbitals.
Ratiometric DNA Walking Machine for Accurate and Amplified Bioassay
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Liu Rui , Hu Jianyu , Lv Yi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDNA walking machines opened new avenues for the biosensing and demonstrated great success in the past few years. Since DNA machines are mainly nonequilibrium systems driven by dynamic interactions, the matrix effects on DNA machines is a bottleneck and more intricate than common DNA‐mediated assays, especially for complicated physiological samples. Herein, to realize an accurate and reliable quantitative machine, a ratiometric DNA walking machine was developed in human serums and cell lysates based on the elemental isotope ratio measurement. The target DNA‐triggered walking machine converted and amplified biological signals into mass spectrometric signal ratios (197Au/115In) via a burnt‐bridge mechanism. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD, 3σ) was 8 fM for target DNA, with a dynamic linear range of 0.05–0.7 pM. The ratiometric DNA walking machine was directly applied in human serum samples with satisfactory recoveries of 94 to 105 %, demonstrating an excellent stability and a high accuracy. Combining the aptamer‐based specific recognition, the proposed DNA machine is expected to be a versatile platform for other targets, such as small biomolecules and proteins.
Water Reuse Fit for Purpose by a Sustainable Industrial Wastewater Management Concept
Authors: Bauer Sonja , Behnisch Justus , Dell Anna , Gahr Achim , Leinhos Michael , Linke Hans Joachim , Shen Weimin , Tolksdorf Johanna , Wagner Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWater shortage is often a challenge for industrial park developments. To ensure a more sustainable water supply, the Industrial Wastewater Management Concept with a focus on Reuse (IW2MC→R) provides a strategy to meet the challenges. Main requirements to achieve water reuse fit for purpose are optimized wastewater treatment, an optimized sewer and pipe system, and an innovative water quality monitoring concept. To evaluate water‐reuse concepts, a reuse factor is calculated, which relates to all wastewater inflows to the central wastewater treatment plant and all reuse‐water flows.
Influence of a fully magnetically levitated left ventricular assist device on functional interrogation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Authors: Schukro Christoph , Schlöglhofer Thomas , Khazen Cesar , Röhrich Michael , Laufer Günther , Zimpfer Daniel , Wiedemann Dominik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundElectromagnetic interference between left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) and the telemetry wand of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD) with impairment of ICD interrogation has previously been described in HVAD and HeartMate II devices. This is the first study showing the potential influence of the LVAD model HeartMate 3 (with the unique feature of fully magnetically levitated rotor with consistent wide blood‐flow gaps) on functional interrogation of different ICD models.Methods and ResultsAmong 51 patients treated with a HeartMate 3 LVAD, 34 patients (66.7%) already had an ICD implanted prior to LVAD therapy. In this cohort, impairment of ICD interrogation was observed in five patients (14.7%) with five different device models. In patients with Biotronik ICD, stretching of the ipsilateral arm to increase the distance between both devices >10 cm was sufficient in one patients, whereas surgical contralateral repositioning was necessary in two patients; in one further patient no action could be taken, as he died early from embolic stroke. In the only patient with a MicroPort ICD, this issue was resolved by using a wireless telemetry. The distances between both devices showed no statistical significant correlation with an impaired interrogation, neither in the overall collective nor within the groups with the same manufacturer.ConclusionsIn patients with impaired ICD interrogation caused by electromagnetic interference between a HeartMate 3 LVAD and the ICD, the actions mentioned above have to be taken, to resolve this technical issue. Especially, a sufficient distance of at least 10 cm between both devices was crucial for avoiding this problem.
Optimization of LpxC Inhibitors for Antibacterial Activity and Cardiovascular Safety
Authors: Cohen Frederick , Aggen James B. , Andrews Logan D. , Assar Zahra , Boggs Jen , Choi Taylor , Dozzo Paola , Easterday Ashton N. , Haglund Cat M. , Hildebrandt Darin J. , Holt Melissa C. , Joly Kristin , Jubb Adrian , Kamal Zeeshan , Kane Timothy R. , Konradi Andrei W. , Krause Kevin M. , Linsell Martin S. , Machajewski Timothy D. , Miroshnikova Olga , Moser Heinz E. , Nieto Vincent , Phan Thu , Plato Craig , Serio Alisa W. , Seroogy Julie , Shakhmin Anton , Stein Adam J. , Sun Alex D. , Sviridov Serguei , Wang Zhan , Wlasichuk Kenneth , Yang Wen , Zhou Xiaoming , Zhu Hai , Cirz Ryan T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUDP‐3‐O‐(R‐3‐hydroxymyristoyl)‐N‐acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC) is a Zn2+ deacetylase that is essential for the survival of most pathogenic Gram‐negative bacteria. ACHN‐975 (N‐((S)‐3‐amino‐1‐(hydroxyamino)‐3‐methyl‐1‐oxobutan‐2‐yl)‐4‐(((1R,2R)‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)buta‐1,3‐diyn‐1‐yl)benzamide) was the first LpxC inhibitor to reach human clinical testing and was discovered to have a dose‐limiting cardiovascular toxicity of transient hypotension without compensatory tachycardia. Herein we report the effort beyond ACHN‐975 to discover LpxC inhibitors optimized for enzyme potency, antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics, and cardiovascular safety. Based on its overall profile, compound 26 (LPXC‐516, (S)‐N‐(2‐(hydroxyamino)‐1‐(3‐methoxy‐1,1‐dioxidothietan‐3‐yl)‐2‐oxoethyl)‐4‐(6‐hydroxyhexa‐1,3‐diyn‐1‐yl)benzamide) was chosen for further development. A phosphate prodrug of 26 was developed that provided a solubility of >30 mg mL−1 for parenteral administration and conversion into the active drug with a t1/2 of approximately two minutes. Unexpectedly, and despite our optimization efforts, the prodrug of 26 still possesses a therapeutic window insufficient to support further clinical development.
Synthesis, Spectral, Electrochemical and Photovoltaic Studies of A3B Porphyrinic Dyes having Peripheral Donors
Authors: Prakash Kamal , Alsaleh Ajyal Z. , Neeraj  , Rathi Pinki , Sharma Ankit , Sankar Muniappan , D'Souza Francis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThree new ‘push‐pull’ A3B Zn(II)porphyrin dyes having meso‐pyrenyl, carbazolyl and phenothiazine as electron donors (A) and phenylcarboxylic acid as acceptor/anchor (B) were synthesized and utilized for DSSC application. The spectral and electrochemical redox properties of these new dyes were studied and compared with trans‐A2BC Zn(II) porphyrin dyes under similar experimental conditions. Red‐shifted, broadened absorption peaks, lower fluorescence quantum yields, and shortened lifetimes were observed for the A3B dyes as compared to zinc tetraphenylporphyrin control, ZnTPP. DFT optimized structures suggested effective charge separation related to enhanced charge injection efficiency. Driving force for electron injection (ΔGinj) and dye regeneration (ΔGreg) calculated from the spectral and electrochemical studies predicted facile electron injection from excited dye into semiconductor TiO2 in the constructed solar cells. Phenothiazine appended dye (KP‐TriPTZ‐Zn) showed the highest η value of 7.3 % for PCE with greater Jsc and Voc values due to its better light harvesting ability and reduced dye aggregation as compared to other dyes. Our studies demonstrate that the dyes having multiple electron‐donating groups exhibit higher photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency.