bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Media Use and Language Development in Early Childhood
Authors: Dore Rebecca A. , Jing Mengguo , Taylor Gemma , Madigan Sheri , Samudra Preeti G. , Sundqvist Annette S. , Xu Ying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The pervasiveness of digital media and the importance of language skills underscore a pressing need to understand the role of media in language development. Historically, research has focused on the quantity of children’s media use but there has been a recent focus on content (i.e., the kinds of media that children use), context (i.e., who children use media with), and interactivity (i.e., whether children watch content passively or can respond contingently) as well as technoference (i.e., adult technology use around children). Meta-analyses suggest that while associations between media quantity and early language skills are either negative or null, both educational content (intending to convey knowledge) and co-use (use with others) are often associated with stronger skills, whereas adult technology use can disrupt parent–child interactions. Some researchers have also argued that interactive media that can respond contingently to children may support language, although more research is needed. Here, we focus on these aspects of media use and their associations with children’s language development in early childhood (0–6 years). We review the current literature, propose important directions for future research, and provide recommendations for researchers in this area and for various stakeholder groups.
Digital Policy Trends: Regulations, Interventions, and Policy Solutions
Authors: Akuetteh Teki , Brossi Lionel , Day Emma , Farthing Rys , Golin Josh , O’Neill Brian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a global perspective on policy trends affecting children’s participation in the digital environment. We examine the three interrelated policy fields of online harms, children’s privacy, and children as consumers, each of which has exhibited a shift away from self-regulation by industry toward obligations for digital service providers set by legislation and enforced by regulators. We review these trends through the lens of children’s rights and ask if these measures go far enough to protect children from online harms or sufficiently empower them with the necessary support to benefit from online opportunities. The chapter includes suggestions for future research and recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and educators focused on child-centered and rights-based approaches to policy development.
Children’s Privacy in the Digital Age: US and UK Experiences and Policy Responses
Authors: Livingstone Sonia , Lievens Eva , Graham Richard , Pothong Kruakae , Steinberg Stacey , Stoilova Mariya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Children need, and have the right to, privacy and heightened data protection. Privacy enables autonomy and growth and is undermined by excessive scrutiny or lack of respect for children's agency in sharing personal information. Through case studies of parents, schools, health services, and commerce, we examine US and UK policy regarding children’s privacy in the context of the “datafication” of children’s digital lives. Policies variously seek to regulate the companies that are involved in and profit from children’s data and to strengthen digital literacy among children, parents, and the public. The balance between regulation and education is struck differently around the world, influenced by culture, legal frameworks, and educational ethos. Policy responses in the US and the UK value educational interventions, introducing privacy and data literacy into the school curriculum, and raising parents’ awareness of the importance of protecting their children’s privacy in digital contexts, to improve children’s safety and build their resilience against commercial exploitation. However, US privacy protection stems from consumer protection, prioritizing parental authority in protecting children’s privacy and offering children different levels of privacy protection as compared with the UK and EU privacy and data protection grounded in human rights.
Intrafascial Colpotomy, Edge-to-Edge Closure, and Peritoneal Graft Technique for Minimizing Mesh Erosion in Concurrent Robotic Hysterectomy and Sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Yagur Yael , Kalantan Assem , Bukhari Mujahid , Donohoe Orla , Almoqren Mohammed , Robertson Jessica , Choi Sarah , Rosen David , Chen Zhuoran , Moore Kate , Chou Danny 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis
Sacrocolpopexy (SCP) is a recognized treatment for apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP). However, mesh erosion remains a concern, particularly when performed with concomitant hysterectomy. This video presents data on one case of a modified technique aimed at potentially minimizing mesh erosion in robotic SCP.

Methods
This technique focuses on reinforcing the vaginal cuff and using a pedicled peritoneal graft to create a tissue barrier between the mesh and the vaginal vault. Procedural steps include intrafascial colpotomy, edge-to-edge cuff closure using barbed sutures, and joining anterior and posterior meshes away from the vaginal cuff.

Results
The surgical technique was successfully implemented in this single patient presented in the video and was performed in ten more patients with no intraoperative or postoperative complications. During the follow-up period, there were no signs of mesh erosion or exposure.

Conclusions
This approach emphasizing vaginal cuff strengthening and mesh separation using a pedicled peritoneal graft can be an option for reducing mesh erosion risk. This report does not provide definitive evidence that this approach reduces mesh erosion risk and further research and long-term follow-up are required to validate these findings and integrate this technique into standard management practices.
ESR Essentials: how to get to valuable radiology AI: the role of early health technology assessment—practice recommendations by the European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics
Authors: Kemper Erik H. M. , Erenstein Hendrik , Boverhof Bart-Jan , Redekop Ken , Andreychenko Anna E. , Dietzel Matthias , Groot Lipman Kevin B. W. , Huisman Merel , Klontzas Michail E. , Vos Frans , IJzerman Maarten , Starmans Martijn P. A. , Visser Jacob J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
AI tools in radiology are revolutionising the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patients. However, there is a major gap between the large number of developed AI tools and those translated into daily clinical practice, which can be primarily attributed to limited usefulness and trust in current AI tools. Instead of technically driven development, little effort has been put into value-based development to ensure AI tools will have a clinically relevant impact on patient care.
An iterative comprehensive value evaluation process covering the complete AI tool lifecycle should be part of radiology AI development. For value assessment of health technologies, health technology assessment (HTA) is an extensively used and comprehensive method. While most aspects of value covered by HTA apply to radiology AI, additional aspects, including transparency, explainability, and robustness, are unique to radiology AI and crucial in its value assessment. Additionally, value assessment should already be included early in the design stage to determine the potential impact and subsequent requirements of the AI tool. Such early assessment should be systematic, transparent, and practical to ensure all stakeholders and value aspects are considered. Hence, early value-based development by incorporating early HTA will lead to more valuable AI tools and thus facilitate translation to clinical practice.

Clinical relevance statement
This paper advocates for the use of early value-based assessments. These assessments promote a comprehensive evaluation on how an AI tool in development can provide value in clinical practice and thus help improve the quality of these tools and the clinical process they support.

Key Points

Value in radiology AI should be perceived as a comprehensive term including health technology assessment domains and AI-specific domains.

Incorporation of an early health technology assessment for radiology AI during development will lead to more valuable radiology AI tools.

Comprehensive and transparent value assessment of radiology AI tools is essential for their widespread adoption.
On the Cut-Vertex and the Interval Transit Functions of Hypergraphs
Authors: Shanavas Ameera Vaheeda , Changat Manoj , Stadler Peter F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTransit functions $$R:V\times V\rightarrow 2^V$$

R
:
V
×
V
→

2
V

model abstract betweenness as well as binary clustering. Examples are I(u, v), the interval between u and v, comprising all points on a shortest path from u to v, and C(u, v), the set of all cut vertices separating u and v together with u and v. Here we characterize the cut-vertex transit function of hypergraphs as the monotone transit functions satisfying (x) $$R(u,v)\subseteq R(u,x)\cup R(x,v)$$

R
(
u
,
v
)
⊆
R
(
u
,
x
)
∪
R
(
x
,
v
)

for all $$u,v,x\in V$$

u
,
v
,
x
∈
V

. We define new hypergraph classes as restrictions and generalizations of linear hypergraphs and describe relevant properties of blocks and Berge cycles. We then show that the cut-vertex transit function coincides with the interval function exactly for linear B$$^*$$

∗

-hypergraphs, generalizing a similar result for graphs. Moreover, we identify a subclass of block hypergraphs and characterize it using axioms on its interval function and prove a similar characterization for block graphs.
Calcium and vitamin D substitution for hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy – how is it continued after discharge from hospital?
Authors: Staubitz-Vernazza Julia I. , Lederer Ann-Kathrin , Bouzakri Nabila , Lozan Oana , Wild Florian , Musholt Thomas J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is one of the most feared complications after thyroid surgery. In most cases, HypoPT is transient, requiring temporary substitution with calcium and active vitamin D. The analysis was conducted to investigate how calcium and vitamin D substitution was managed in routine postoperative clinical practice after discharge from hospital.

Methods
From March 2015 to December 2023, patients with HypoPT after thyroidectomy at the university medical center (UMC) Mainz, were included in a retrospective study. The rate of continued prescription of calcium and vitamin D by external practitioners in relation to the PTH and calcium levels at the first postoperative outpatient visit at the outpatient clinic of the UMC Mainz was analyzed and critically discussed.

Results
Ninety-four of 332 patients (28.3%) were continuously prescribed with calcium/vitamin D supplements: 14 had PTH deficiency and hypocalcemia and 14 had normal/elevated PTH levels with hypocalcemia, 59 had PTH values below the normal range and normo- or hypercalcemia and 7 had normal or elevated PTH levels with normocalcemia.

Conclusions
There are inconsistent procedures regarding the adjustment of the calcium and vitamin D substitution by the practices providing external follow-up treatment. To avoid iatrogenic suppression of PTH levels, high calcium load and potential affection of the kidney function, a reduction scheme should be actively recommended by thyroid surgeons.
Data and service management of the EPOS Volcano Observations Thematic Core Service by the European volcanological community
Authors: Spampinato Letizia , Indovina Enrico , Geyer Adelina , Júlíusdóttir Ríkey , Reitano Danilo , Puglisi Giuseppe , Nave Rosella , Santangelo Ileana , Vogfjörd Kristín , Labazuy Philippe , Cacciola Lucia , Domínguez-Cerdeña Itahiza , Guehenneux Yannick , Komorowski Jean-Christophe , Saurel Jean-Marie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Volcano Observations Thematic Core Service (VOLC-TCS) is one of ten core services forming the European Research Infrastructure Consortium for the European Plate Observing System (EPOS ERIC). The main objective of the VOLC-TCS is the implementation of a technical, financial, and legal framework compliant with EPOS ERIC to (i) strengthen the European volcanology community represented by Volcano Observatories (VOs) and Volcanological Research Institutions (VRIs), and (ii) provide virtual access to the community’s data, data products software and services (DDSSs) from volcanoes in Europe and European overseas territories. The efforts of the VOLC-TCS community began prior to the appointment of EPOS as an ERIC and have followed a long-term work plan that started in 2002. One of the main challenges for the management of volcanological data has consisted in their great heterogeneity regarding technical characteristics and also legal aspects (e.g. different data policies among the data providers, different purposes for the use of data, ranging from science to monitoring, early-warning and crisis response, and communication and outreach). Another challenge has derived from the consistency of the VOLC-TCS’ products with the overall service provision of EPOS, which merges services from different Earth Science communities (seismology, GNSS, geomagnetic, geochemistry, geology, etc.). Some of the services used in volcanology are in common with the other communities, thus the implementation work was also devoted to harmonising the data and products with standards defined by other TCSs. Yet another important task has been the implementation of the community Gateway to expose and enable access to services not fully compliant with EPOS, or to services implemented by institutions outside the EPOS perimeter, as well as to create a platform that can act as an interface between the VOLC-TCS and data infrastructures operating at a global level (e.g. WOVOdat). Based on the experience gained and the results achieved, we report here on the state of the art of the VOLC-TCS implementation since 2018 and propose future actions to address some of the main technical challenges and measures to ensure mid-to-long term sustainability of the services.
Conditioned fully convolutional denoising autoencoder for multi-target NILM
Authors: García Diego , Pérez Daniel , Papapetrou Panagiotis , Díaz Ignacio , Cuadrado Abel A. , Enguita José M. , Domínguez Manuel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnergy management requires reliable tools to support decisions aimed at optimising consumption. Advances in data-driven models provide techniques like Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), which estimates the energy demand of appliances from total consumption. Common single-target NILM approaches perform energy disaggregation by using separate learned models for each device. However, the use of single-target systems in real scenarios is computationally expensive and can obscure the interpretation of the resulting feedback. This study assesses a conditioned deep neural network built upon a Fully Convolutional Denoising AutoEncoder (FCNdAE) as multi-target NILM model. The network performs multiple disaggregations using a conditioning input that allows the specification of the target appliance. Experiments compare this approach with several single-target and multi-target models using public residential data from households and non-residential data from a hospital facility. Results show that the multi-target FCNdAE model enhances the disaggregation accuracy compared to previous models, particularly in non-residential data, and improves computational efficiency by reducing the number of trainable weights below 2 million and inference time below 0.25 s for several sequence lengths. Furthermore, the conditioning input helps the user to interpret the model and gain insight into its internal behaviour when predicting the energy demand of different appliances.
Surgical identification of brain tumour margins through impedance monitoring and electrocorticography and the potential for their combined use: A systematic review
Authors: Georgiannakis Ariadni , Chapman Christopher A. R. , Paraskevopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Context
Primary central nervous system tumours have poor survival outcomes. Surgery, the first-line treatment, presents technical limitations, such as visualising the whole tumour border. Intracranial impedance monitoring and electrocorticography techniques provide insights into the local field potential characteristics, resistance and capacitance properties of brain tissue. We hypothesised that measurements obtained by either modality can distinguish between tumour and healthy brain tissue intraoperatively.

Methods
A “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA)-compliant systematic review was conducted, searching PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, Cochrane and Web of Science. Studies on electrocorticography and impedance monitoring in patients with brain tumours were included. Data on patient demographics, technical details, obtained results and safety were extracted and analysed in Excel.

Results
Eighteen studies involving 286 patients in total were identified. Ten impedance studies showed that brain tumour tissue has significantly different values than healthy tissue, while its resistivity varies, being either higher or lower. Eight electrocorticography studies indicated increased high gamma power and altered connectivity in tumour tissue. No studies integrated impedance monitoring and electrocorticography in one device.

Conclusion
Impedance and electrocorticography measurements have the potential of differentiating between tumour and unaffected issues intra-operatively. Larger studies with standardised protocols are needed to validate these findings. Additionally, the combination of these two modalities has the potential for improved specificity with a single device. Future research should explore the role of these modalities in enhancing tumour margin identification across different tumour subtypes and in improving survival outcomes.
Soil mite communities (Acari, Mesostigmata) in pure stands on post-agricultural lands: does season matter?
Authors: Malica Jacek , Urbanowski Cezary K. , Turczański Krzysztof , Rączka Grzegorz , Andrzejewska Agnieszka , Skorupski Maciej , Kamczyc Jacek 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Post-agricultural land differs from typical forest land in physical, chemical and biological features. In addition, the environment of this land type is determined, among other things, by the introduced tree species. These differences may be revealed by the biodiversity and abundance of the soil fauna. We analysed the abundance, species richness and diversity of different instars of mesostigmatid mites inhabiting three different habitat types on post-agricultural land (shaped by pure Pinus sylvestris L., Tilia cordata Mill. and Betula pendula Roth stands). We collected 288 soil samples from eight plots in three stands. The collection was conducted in July and October in two consecutive vegetation seasons (2021 and 2022) for Mesostigmata mites community. Soil characteristics (determination of soil group and analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil and litter) were done in July 2021. In total, 399 individuals (266 females, 50 males and 83 juveniles) were classified into 38 taxa (33 species, five genera). Most individuals belonged to the Parasitidae, Laelapidae and Veigaiidae families. The most abundant species were Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestini) (21.6% of all recorded mites), Veigaia nemorensis (C.L.Koch) (7.8%) and Trachytes aegrota (C.L.Koch) (7.0%). Abundance, species richness and diversity were shaped by collection month and Fe content in soil. The abundance was influenced by N litter content and was significantly lower in P. sylvestris stand in July (0.57 ± 0.23; mean ± SE) than in P. sylvestris (2.17 ± 0.54) and T. cordata (2.15 ± 0.48) stands in October. Moreover, abundance in P. sylvestris stand in October was higher than in B. pendula stand in July (0.78 ± 0.26). Similarly, species richness was significantly lower in P. sylvestris stand in July than in P. sylvestris and T. cordata stands in October (2.17 ± 0.54 and 2.15 ± 0.48, respectively). Higher Shannon’s diversity of mite communities was reported in P. sylvestris stand in October (0.40 ± 0.10) than in P. sylvestris and B. pendula stands in July (0.12 ± 0.06 and 0.14 ± 0.08, respectively). Large fluctuations of abundance, species richness and diversity of soil mite communities in P. sylvestris and B. pendula stands between collection months give the insights for creating mixed stands on post-agricultural land. It is worth noticing that the wet season creates the most favourable living environment for mesostigmatid mites in P. sylvestris litter.
Can a Hybrid Line Break a Selection Limit on Behavioral Evolution in Mice?
Authors: Hiramatsu Layla , Careau Vincent , Garland Theodore 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Artificial selection yielded four replicate high runner (HR) lines of mice that reached apparent selection limits (~ threefold increase in wheel revolutions per day vs. four control lines), despite maintenance of additive genetic variance. After 68 generations, we used animal models to test for changes in additive-genetic variances and covariance of the two measured components (average speed and duration) of running distance. We also attempted to break the selection limit by crossing two HR lines, then continuing directional selection on this hybrid line and on the two parental lines for nine generations. The genetic correlation between speed and duration was positive in the base population, but evolved to be negative in the two parental HR lines. Although heritability for both speed and duration (but not distance) increased in the hybrid line, their genetic correlation remained negative. Hybrid F1 mice from generation 68 parents showed heterosis for running distance, which was lost in subsequent generations, and the hybrid line did not exceed the limit. Both male and female hybrids ran faster than parental lines for most generations, but running duration was intermediate or reduced, reflecting their negative genetic correlation. The evolved genetic trade-off between speed and duration may explain the inability for the hybrid line to break the selection limit for distance run, despite renewed additive genetic variance for at least one of its component traits.
A novel metaheuristic population algorithm for optimising the connection weights of neural networks
Authors: Mousavirad Seyed Jalaleddin , Schaefer Gerald , Rezaee Khosro , Oliva Diego , Zabihzadeh Davood , Chakrabortty Ripon K. , Mohammadigheymasi Hamzeh , Pedram Mehdi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of feed-forward multi-layer neural networks relies heavily on their training procedure, where identifying appropriate weights and biases plays a pivotal role. Nonetheless, conventional training algorithms such as backpropagation encounter limitations, including getting trapped in sub-optimal solutions. To rectify these inadequacies, metaheuristic population algorithms are advocated as a dependable alternative. In this paper, we introduce a novel training methodology termed, DDE-OP, which leverages the principles of differential evolution enriched with a division-based scheme and an opposite-direction strategy. Our approach integrates two effective concepts with differential evolution. Initially, the proposed algorithm identifies partitions within the search space through a clustering algorithm and designates the obtained cluster centres to serve as representatives. Subsequently, an updating scheme incorporates these clusters into the current population. Lastly, a quasi-opposite-direction strategy is used to augment search space exploration. Extensive evaluation on diverse classification and approximation tasks demonstrate that DDE-OP surpasses conventional and population-based methodologies.