bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective polysulfides regulation in high-performance Li–S batteries via novel VO2–VS2 heterostructure
Authors: Hou Yao-Lin , Zhang Yu-Qing , Li Dan , Xie Hai-Ming , Liu Jia , Liu Yu-Long , Zhu Jie-Fang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Developing effective heterostructure strategies to mitigate the shuttling effect and accelerate lithium polysulfide (LiPS) conversion remains a critical challenge in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Here, we report the first carbon–free VO2–VS2 heterostructure material synthesized via in situ sulfurization, applied as a modifier on a commercial polypropylene (PP) separator (denoted as VO2–VS2@PP). The as–prepared VO2–VS2 nanorods synergistically combine the high absorptivity of VO2 with the efficient catalytic properties of VS2, simultaneously enhancing LiPS anchoring and promoting its conversion. We systematically investigate the influence of material composition on battery performance, leveraging these functional attributes, Li–S cells incorporating VO2–VS2@PP exhibit exceptional cycle stability (over 500 cycles at 1C), impressive rate performance (807 mAh·g–1 at 5C), desirable reversibility (49.9% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 5C) and exceptional pouch cell performance (3.65 mAh·cm–2 after 50 stable cycles at 0.1C). This study underscores the potential of tailored heterostructures in realizing high–performance Li–S batteries, offering new insights for next–generation energy storage solutions.

Graphical abstract
Supplementary mathematics among adolescents in Timor-Leste
Authors: Yazdani Naisan , Edmonds-Wathen Cris 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Students in Timor-Leste schools have been grappling with mathematics acquisition since the nation’s independence in 2002. Schools encounter scarcity of resources necessary to effect significant change and few other organisations have formally assumed this responsibility. Despite the recognition of the importance of mathematics in Timor-Leste, research in this area remains limited. This paper aims to examine the mathematics proficiency of 10- to 15-year-olds and evaluate the effectiveness of a supplementary tutoring programme designed to address learning gaps. Our findings reveal disparities in students’ proficiency across various mathematical domains. Students demonstrate higher achievement in counting, arithmetic, and number patterns and less so in statistics, angles, and shape recognition. Proficiency in three-quarters of curriculum strands pertaining to cycle 1 (grades 1 to 4) is below 40%. In response to these challenges, a supplementary tutoring initiative for this age group conducted in Tetum language was evaluated. The programme utilised tailored worksheets and small group sessions and took place thrice weekly. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements over a seven-month period. Students in the intervention group on average gained proficiency in 7.5 new content areas compared to a comparison group value of 1.7. Feedback from participating students underscored the value of incorporating worksheets alongside traditional teaching methods. This study highlights the pressing need to address mathematics education in Timor-Leste and underscores the potential role of supplementary programmes. Importantly, it underscores that solutions can arise from low-resource community-driven interventions.
Parent–daughter emotional dyssynchrony correlates with personality and psychopathology in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Amianto Federico , Angelini Jessica Maria , Davico Chiara , Marcotulli Daniele , Anichini Antonella , Rainò Elena , Vitiello Benedetto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a major concern in adolescents. Attachment problems contribute to its pathogenesis and maintenance. This research explores the relationship between parent–daughter emotional dyssynchrony and the psychopathology of AN daughters.

Methods
One hundred and fourteen female adolescents with AN and their parents participated in this study. The daughters completed the youth self-report (YSR) and other self-report measures of personality, eating, and general psychopathology. The parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The YSR and CBCL ratings were compared and the difference was considered a measure of emotional dyssynchrony. Dyssynchrony scores were correlated with daughters’ personality and psychopathology.

Results
Mothers scored lower on 15/21 (71%), and fathers scored lower on 11/21 (52%). Mothers scored higher than fathers did in thought problems. Mothers' dyssynchrony was positively related to their daughters' harm avoidance and negatively related to their self-directedness. Both parents' dyssynchrony correlated with their daughters' eating habits and general psychopathology. Dyssynchrony in each psychopathological measure of YSR was positively correlated with specific daughters’ psychopathological traits.

Conclusions
Parents' perceptions underestimate the suffering of adolescents with AN. Mothers’ perception was worse than that of fathers, possibly because of greater overinvolvement. Parent–daughter dyssynchrony is largely related to daughters’ psychopathology. This cross-sectional study could not confirm whether dyssynchrony contributed to the onset of AN or follows it. Interventions that promote emotional synchronization may aid in the treatment of adolescents with AN.

Level of evidence
III.
Racial Disparities in Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Treatment
Authors: Scherr Riley , Chow Jacqueline J. , Sing Caitlyn , Kirby Katharine A. , Breuer Joseph A. , Abi-Jaoudeh Nadine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
To identify demographic predictors, with a focus on race and socioeconomic status, for advanced treatment modality, mortality, and increased length of stay (LOS) in upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage treatment.

Methods
Hospitalizations with acute upper GI hemorrhage from 2016 to 2021 were identified in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample. Cases were divided into interventional radiology (IR) and non-IR (endoscopic) treatments. Statistical analyses calculated significant odds ratios via 95% confidence intervals. The primary outcome of interest was mortality rate. The secondary outcome of interest was the mean LOS. Confounding factors affecting mortality were also examined.

Results
There was no significant difference in likelihood of an IR procedure or mortality between White patients and both Non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic patients. NH Black patients had significantly longer LOS in days compared to White patients (12.61 vs 9.57) that persisted when matching for age and sex (13.78 vs 9.92), socioeconomic status (12.94 vs 10.07), chronic comorbidities (11.33 vs 8.88), blood transfusions (14.46 vs 10.21), and vasopressor use (14.43 vs 10.29) (p < 0.001). These LOS differences were not seen under matching conditions post-COVID-19.

Conclusion
This study presents racial disparities in LOS following acute upper GI hemorrhage, but no differences in advanced treatment utilization or mortality. Confounders were responsible for LOS differences in non-IR treatment, but NH Black patients had persistently longer LOS than White patients after IR treatment.
Balancing Interests: Economic Incentives in Financial Education for Households and Banks
Authors: Bacchiocchi Andrea , Favaretto Federico , Giombini Germana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the persistent issue of low level of financial literacy in developed countries by examining the economic incentives driving financial education choices. By means of a novel evolutionary game theory approach, we model the interactions between households seeking better loan terms and banks aiming to maximize lending revenues. The analysis highlights the dual channels of financial education: formal education provided by banks and informal education acquired by households through personal networks and social media. Households bear costs in pursuing financial literacy but can negotiate better credit conditions. Banks have conflicting incentives that may not always align with promoting financial literacy. This dual incentive structure can lead banks to under-invest in financial education initiatives, relying instead on “free-riding behavior” where they benefit from households’ informal education efforts. Findings reveal that investment in informal education can either complement or substitute formal education, influencing overall literacy levels and credit market outcomes. The initial level of financial literacy is crucial, as higher initial knowledge promotes sustained improvements. Cyclical patterns in the adoption of financial education strategies occur, influenced by changes in costs and perceived benefits over time. The research underscores the need for policies that consider both household and bank interests. Effective policies should reduce financial education barriers and address potential conflicts of interest in financial advisory services.
Management Control from a Critical Rationalist Perspective: A Discussion on Results Controls
Authors: Wall Friederike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Karl R. Popper translated the core idea of critical rationalism to a managerial context when advocating the searching for and learning from mistakes as part of professional ethics. This paper builds on the conjecture that adopting a critical rationalist perspective contributes to advancing management control toward empirical foundation, scrutiny, and continuous learning. Based on the work of critical rationalist Hans Albert, three core components of results controls – namely cause-effect relations, provision of incentives, and accountability – are analyzed for potential obstacles for active testing and learning from mistakes. The impediments identified can be condensed into three types: cognitive limitations, self-interested behavior, and structural properties of results controls, including inherent assumptions about managerial behavior and situational conditions. The findings contribute to management control in various respects – from a more practical side toward means for counteracting the obstacles against a critical rational approach; conceptually, findings indicate so far underdeveloped issues in management control, such as learning on incentivization. Moreover, the analysis reveals that the critical rationalist approach may pose particular challenges for management control and organizational members, as it inherently may impose frequent changes and uncertainty.
Applications of machine learning in gravitational-wave research with current interferometric detectors
Authors: Cuoco Elena , Cavaglià Marco , Heng Ik Siong , Keitel David , Messenger Christopher 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the current state of machine learning in gravitational-wave research with interferometric detectors. Such applications are often still in their early days, but have reached sufficient popularity to warrant an assessment of their impact across various domains, including detector studies, noise and signal simulations, and the detection and interpretation of astrophysical signals. In detector studies, machine learning could be useful to optimize instruments like LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and future detectors. Algorithms could predict and help in mitigating environmental disturbances in real time, ensuring detectors operate at peak performance. Furthermore, machine-learning tools for characterizing and cleaning data after it is taken have already become crucial tools for achieving the best sensitivity of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA network. In data analysis, machine learning has already been applied as an alternative to traditional methods for signal detection, source localization, noise reduction, and parameter estimation. For some signal types, it can already yield improved efficiency and robustness, though in many other areas traditional methods remain dominant. As the field evolves, the role of machine learning in advancing gravitational-wave research is expected to become increasingly prominent. This report highlights recent advancements, challenges, and perspectives for the current detector generation, with a brief outlook to the next generation of gravitational-wave detectors.
Numerical simulation for magnetic dipole in Darcy–Forchheimer flow of diamond $$-{\varvec{S}}{\varvec{i}}{\varvec{C}}-\mathbf{C}{\mathbf{o}}_{3}{\mathbf{O}}_{4}/$$ diathermic oil based trihybrid nanofluid with porous medium and arrhenius activation energy
Authors: Abbas Munawar , Bayz Dyana Aziz , Juraev Nizomiddin , Kanwal Humaira , Abbas Ansar , Younis Jihad , Mahariq Ibrahim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This proposed model aims to analyze the characteristics of heat generation and activation energy on the Darcy-Forchheimer flow of Diamond

$$-SiC-{\text{Co}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}/$$

-
S
i
C
-

Co
3

O
4

/

diathermic oil base trihybrid nanofluid under velocity slip conditions, porous medium and magnetic dipole moment. The trihybrid nanoliquid (Diamond

$$-SiC-{\text{Co}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4}/DO$$

-
S
i
C
-

Co
3

O
4

/
D
O

) flow model consists of nanoparticles of Cobalt oxide (

$${\text{Co}}_{3}{\text{O}}_{4})$$

Co
3

O
4

)

, diamond

$$(ND),$$

(
N
D
)
,

and silicon carbide

$$(SiC)$$

(
S
i
C
)

dissolved in diathermic oil (DO). The magnetic dipole has an impact on the subject flow, which is examined on a stretched surface. Taking into consideration the movement of the slip conditions and magnetic dipole increases the fluid model’s uniqueness. By using this approach, the thermal management systems’ heat transfer efficiency can be increased, such as those used to cool electronic equipment and reactors where accurate temperature control is essential. It’s also useful for designing cutting fluids and sophisticated lubricants, where higher viscosity and thermal conductivity are necessary for best results. The simulation can also be used to create new heat exchangers and solar collectors based on nanofluids, which will increase the efficiency of energy conversion. The knowledge gathered from these simulations has the potential to improve chemical processing, especially when it comes to maximizing reactions and the synthesis of materials in regulated magnetic and thermal conditions. By applying the proper similarity transformations, the MATLAB solver bvp4c package finds the mathematical solution to the system of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) that are formed from the leading PDEs (partial differential equations). It is revealed that in terms of heat transmission capacities, the trihybrid nanofluid works noticeably better than the hybrid nanofluid and nanofluid. As hydrodynamic interactions and slip parameters increase, the velocity decreases.

Graphical Abstract
Toward an Extensible Regulatory Framework for N-of-1 to N-of-Few Personalized RNA Therapy Design
Authors: Bou-Jaoudeh Mélissa , Piaton-Breda Gabriele , Pereme Florian , Gilbert Stephen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The emergence of personalized RNA therapeutics, tailored to individual patients' genetic profiles, offers new hope for treating both common and rare diseases. This review explores regulatory aspects of N-of-1 and N-of-few approaches, providing promising treatments for ultra- or nano-rare diseases that lack established therapies. These diseases present unique challenges, as patients may represent the sole individual or a small group worldwide with a specific mutation, necessitating personalized approaches to treatment development, validation, and approval. While progress is promising, the regulatory landscape remains nascent, raising challenges in ensuring safety and industry sustainability. Artificial intelligence (AI) and automated systems, coupled with real-world evidence (RWE) monitoring, offer significant potential to address these challenges by optimizing development, manufacturing, and regulatory compliance. Drawing parallels from other regulatory domains, this review presents a design envelope framework, integrated with AI tools, to streamline the approval process and enhance the adaptability of RNA-based treatments. Case studies of individualized RNA-based treatments highlight successes and setbacks, underscoring the need for regulatory alignment. Collaborative efforts from stakeholders and regulatory authorities are essential to refine this framework for real-world application. Overall, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of personalized RNA therapeutics in advancing precision medicine.
Theme parks and museums in Asia and the Pacific region boost tourism demand in urban areas
Authors: Florido-Benítez Lázaro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The main challenge of this paper was to analyse Asian and Pacific theme parks and museums as tourist attractions aimed at increasing tourism demand in the postpandemic period from 2012 to 2022. To address the primary research questions and objectives, this study’s methodology blends qualitative and quantitative data. The findings reveal that Asian and Pacific theme parks and museums received 1187 billion visitors, a substantial number of whom revitalized and improved the local and regional economies of urban destinations. Cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, Shanghai, Seoul, Taipei, Beijing, and Hong Kong provide good air and ground accessibility, connecting them through intermodal transport systems. As a result, these urban cities are the most visited in the Asia–Pacific region and have a high tourism demand. The main novelty and contribution to the literature review of this manuscript is that it helps improve understanding of theme parks and museums in urban cities and their relationships with airports, public transport, and the population, as well as this study highlights the relevance of airport and airline operators in strategic and marketing plans of Asia and Pacific cities’ tourist destinations. Indeed, our findings will be valuable resources for future scholars and practitioners that will address future studies with a broader perspective of air transport in leisure activities.
Two-stage robust optimization of hydrogen microgrid in plateau tourist cities —taking Yunnan Lijiang as an example
Authors: Xu Ran , Hong Zhanghua , Wang Guohua , Zhu Tao , Li Dongfang , Li Zhishan , Zhang Liang , Zhu Xing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hydrogen energy, as a vital supplement to renewable energy, contributes significantly to the system's energy storage benefits. In this work, we build and optimize a hydrogen energy microgrid for the plateau tourist city of Lijiang, taking into account the city's unique geographic and climatic circumstances, with the goal of investigating the potential role of hydrogen energy in the regional energy structure and its economics. The study uses a two-stage robust optimization method to change the microgrid's configuration and operation strategy. The system uses a set of alkaline (ALK) electrolyzers, prioritizes wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) production, as well as considers three hydrogen use pathways: hydrogen peaking, hydrogen transportation (HEV), hydrogen sales. The oxygen produced by the P2G technology can be used to refill portable oxygen cylinders, which will provide additional cash for highland attractions. The performance of this microgrid system was experimentally evaluated under different operating scenarios through simulation. The results show that the system is able to meet the daily power demand of about 920 residents in the ancient city area, supply 16 hydrogen-energy buses in a single day, and provide 694 kg oxygen. Furthermore, the single-day operational cost analysis reveals that using hydrogen energy saves the microgrid 25.72% in running expenses compared to a traditional microgrid. The use of data-driven uncertainty sets reduces operating costs by 20.82% compared to standard microgrids. This paper presents an innovative hydrogen microgrid design strategy for highland tourist communities, proving the benefits of hydrogen energy in facilitating a regional low-carbon transition.
Study of dye reactivity on Moroccan Argan shell biochar: preparation, characterization and DFT calculations
Authors: Ouedrhiri Abdessamad , Abdou Achraf , Lghazi Youssef , Ennabely Mohamed , himi Mohammed Ait , Youbi Boubaker , Wakif Abderrahim , Dakir Mohamed , Bimaghra Itto 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The porous biomaterial was elaborated from Argan shells, natural residues, using the thermal decomposition method. The crushed and sieved shells were directly carbonized at a temperature of 900 °C for 2 h. Different methods of characterization of activated carbon (AC) thus obtained were carried out, namely analysis by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption equilibrium isotherms. However, N2 adsorption studies on this material gave a BET specific surface area of 471m2/g. The analyses by SEM and XRD crystallography respectively revealed that the elaborated biochar presents a porous surface and that its crystalline structure is amorphous. FTIR analysis showed that hydroxyl, alkyne, carbonyl, methylene and methyl groups compose the surface chemistry of the AC. Finally, Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the carbonized shells have higher thermal stability than the precursor. A study using Density Functional Theory (DFT) was conducted to explore the reactivity of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) on biochar. The global descriptors aligned well with the experimental findings.
Design and development of natural fiber-timber hybrid beam elements for sustainable construction
Authors: Zechmeister C. , Hildebrandt H. , Duque Estrada R. , Chen T.-Y. , Gil Pérez M. , Kannenberg F. , Schlopschnat C. , Göbel M. , Knippers J. , Menges A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The growing demand for inhabitable spaces drives increased reliance on energy-intensive construction materials such as concrete and steel, which significantly contribute to global carbon emissions and resource depletion, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. Renewable, bio-based materials like timber provide viable solutions, offering carbon sequestration and reduced environmental impact but lead to challenges related to biodiversity conservation, land use, and sustainable forest management. Natural fibers such as flax are increasingly used in sustainable composite materials and exhibit short growth cycles, minimal environmental impact, and favorable mechanical properties. When combined with timber, natural fiber-timber hybrids offer a large potential for high-performance, resource-efficient structural building parts. By leveraging the complementary strengths of both materials, such hybrids reduce reliance on valuable timber resources, replacing them with fast-growing flax fibers. To realize this potential for natural fiber-timber hybrid beam elements, existing design, evaluation, and fabrication methods for fibrous building parts are expanded and adapted. Suitable material candidates for fiber-timber hybrids are classified and characterized, and morphological parameters are defined to design and evaluate novel beam typologies. To allow for the manufacturing of large-scale natural fiber bodies for use in hybrid beam elements, new robotic fabrication methods are introduced, and existing manufacturing equipment is expanded. These innovations are exemplified by the Hybrid Flax Pavilion, the first permanent building to incorporate load-bearing natural fiber-timber hybrid components.