bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associative Memory for Image Recovery with a High‐Performance Memristor Array
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wu Huaqiang , Gao Bin , Wu Wei , Xi Yue , Yao Peng , Zhang Shuanglin , Zhang Qingtian , Qian He 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAssociative memory is one of the significant characteristics of the biological brain. However, it has yet to be realized in a large memristor array due to the high requirements on the memristor device. In this work, the multilevel memristor cell is optimized by employing an electro‐thermal modulation layer. Memristor devices show both high resistance, cell‐to‐cell uniformity, and multilevel resistive switching behaviors with good reliability. A Hopfield neural network is experimentally demonstrated on a 1k memristor array that is capable of realizing the associative memory function for emotion image recovery. By using both asynchronous and synchronous refresh schemes, complete emotion images can be recalled from partial information.
A Shape Memory High‐Voltage Supercapacitor with Asymmetric Organic Electrolytes for Driving an Integrated NO2 Gas Sensor
Authors: Song Changhoon , Yun Junyeong , Lee Hanchan , Park Heun , Jeong Yu Ra , Lee Geumbee , Kim Min Su , Ha Jeong Sook 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA high‐voltage supercapacitor with shape memory for driving an integrated NO2 gas sensor is fabricated using a Norland Optical Adhesive 63 polymer substrate, which can recover the original shape after deformation by short‐time heating. The supercapacitor consists of multiwalled carbon nanotube electrodes and organic electrolyte. By using organic electrolyte consisting of adiponitrile, acetonitrile, and dimethyl carbonate in an optimized volume ratio of 1:1:1, a high operation voltage of 2 V is obtained. Furthermore, asymmetric electrolytes with different redox additives of hydroquinone and 1,4‐dihydroxyanthraquinone to the anode and cathode, respectively, enhance both capacitance and energy density by ≈40 times compared to those of supercapacitor without redox additives. The fabricated supercapacitor on the Norland Optical Adhesive 63 polymer substrate retains 95.8% of its initial capacitance after 1000 repetitive bending cycles at a bending radius of 3.8 mm. Furthermore, the folded supercapacitor recovers its shape upon heating at 70 °C for 20 s. In addition, 90% of the initial capacitance is retained even after the 20th shape recovery from folding. The fabricated supercapacitor is used to drive integrated NO2 gas sensor on the same Norland Optical Adhesive 63 substrate attached onto skin to detect NO2 gas, regardless of deformation due to elbow movement.
A New Architecture for Fibrous Organic Transistors Based on a Double‐Stranded Assembly of Electrode Microfibers for Electronic Textile Applications
Authors: Kim Soo Jin , Kim Hyoungjun , Ahn Jongtae , Hwang Do Kyung , Ju Hyunsu , Park Min‐Chul , Yang Hoichang , Kim Se Hyun , Jang Ho Won , Lim Jung Ah 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerein, a unique device architecture is proposed for fibrous organic transistors based on a double‐stranded assembly of electrode microfibers for electronic textile applications. A key feature of this work is that the semiconductor channel of the fiber transistor comprises a twist assembly of the source and drain electrode microfibers that are coated by an organic semiconductor. This architecture not only allows the channel dimension of the device to be readily controlled by varying the thickness of the semiconductor layer and the twisted length of the two electrode microfibers, but also passivates the device without affecting interconnections with other electrical components. It is found that the control of crystalline nanostructure of the semiconductor layer is critical for improving both the production yield of the device and the charge‐carrier transport in the device. The resulting fibrous organic transistors show a high output current of over −5 mA at a low operation voltage of −1.3 V and a good on/off current ratio of 105. The device performance is maintained after repeated bending deformation and washing with a strong detergent solution. Application of the fibrous organic transistors to switch current‐driven LED devices and detection of electrocardiography signals from a human body are demonstrated.
Ultrasmall Oxygen‐Deficient Bimetallic Oxide MnWOX Nanoparticles for Depletion of Endogenous GSH and Enhanced Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gong Fei , Cheng Liang , Yang Nailin , Betzer Oshra , Feng Liangzhu , Zhou Qiang , Li Yonggang , Chen Ruihua , Popovtzer Rachela , Liu Zhuang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) triggered by ultrasound (US) has attracted increasing attention owing to its abilities to overcome critical limitations including low tissue‐penetration depth and phototoxicity in photodynamic therapy. Herein, the design of a new type of sonosensitizer is revealed, namely, ultrasmall oxygen‐deficient bimetallic oxide MnWOX nanoparticles, for multimodal imaging‐guided enhanced SDT against cancer. As‐made MnWOX nanoparticles with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification show high physiological stability and biocompatibility. Interestingly, such MnWOX‐PEG nanoparticles exhibit highly efficient US‐triggered production of 1O2 and •OH, higher than that of previously reported sonosensitizers (e.g., protoporphyrin IX and titanium dioxide), because the oxygen‐deficient structure of MnWOX serves as an electron trap site to prevent electron–hole recombination. The glutathione depletion capability of MnWOX‐PEG can also further favor SDT‐triggered cancer cell killing. With efficient tumor homing as illustrated by computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, MnWOX‐PEG enables effective destruction of mouse tumors under US stimulation. After accomplishing its therapeutic functions, MnWOX‐PEG can be metabolized by the mouse body without any long‐term toxicity. Herein, a new type of sono‐sensitizing agent with high SDT efficacy, multimodal imaging functions, and rapid clearance is presented, an agent which is promising for noninvasive SDT cancer treatment.
A Highly Efficient Self‐Healing Elastomer with Unprecedented Mechanical Properties
Authors: Zhang Luzhi , Liu Zenghe , Wu Xueli , Guan Qingbao , Chen Shuo , Sun Lijie , Guo Yifan , Wang Shuliang , Song Jianchun , Jeffries Eric Meade , He Chuanglong , Qing Feng‐Ling , Bao Xiaoguang , You Zhengwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is highly desirable, although very challenging, to develop self‐healable materials exhibiting both high efficiency in self‐healing and excellent mechanical properties at ambient conditions. Herein, a novel Cu(II)–dimethylglyoxime–urethane‐complex‐based polyurethane elastomer (Cu–DOU–CPU) with synergetic triple dynamic bonds is developed. Cu–DOU–CPU demonstrates the highest reported mechanical performance for self‐healing elastomers at room temperature, with a tensile strength and toughness up to 14.8 MPa and 87.0 MJ m−3, respectively. Meanwhile, the Cu–DOU–CPU spontaneously self‐heals at room temperature with an instant recovered tensile strength of 1.84 MPa and a continuously increased strength up to 13.8 MPa, surpassing the original strength of all other counterparts. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the coordination of Cu(II) plays a critical role in accelerating the reversible dissociation of dimethylglyoxime–urethane, which is important to the excellent performance of the self‐healing elastomer. Application of this technology is demonstrated by a self‐healable and stretchable circuit constructed from Cu–DOU–CPU.
Morphosynthesis of 3D Macroporous Garnet Frameworks and Perfusion of Polymer‐Stabilized Lithium Salts for Flexible Solid‐State Hybrid Electrolytes
Authors: Li Ruguang , Guo Songtao , Yu Le , Wang Libin , Wu Dabei , Li Yaqian , Hu Xianluo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSolid‐state lithium‐ion‐conducting membranes are emerging as a promising electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries. However, their reliable and scalable preparation still remain challenges, due to low room‐temperature ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes and inherent brittleness of ceramic inorganic electrolytes. Herein, a simple and cost‐effective morphogenetic route is developed for fabricating hierarchically nanostructured 3D garnet‐type Li7La3Zr2O12 monoliths by using degreasing cotton as a template. Nanostructuring of 3D Li+‐conducting frameworks offers interconnected and continuous Li+‐transport pathways in a poly(ethylene oxide)‐based composite electrolyte. The as‐fabricated solid‐state composite electrolyte is flexible and exhibits an enhanced Li‐ion conductivity of 0.89 × 10−4 S cm−1 as well as a large stable electrochemical window up to 5.5 V versus Li/Li+. The symmetric lithium cell using the 3D‐architectured electrolyte shows good cycling stability at different current densities. Furthermore, the LiFePO4 (+) | hybrid electrolyte | Li (−) battery working at 30 °C exhibits outstanding rate capability and cyclability and delivers a high coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% at a current density of 0.2 C (1 C = 170 mA g−1). The present fabrication route is easy and effective and holds promise for scaled‐up production.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Functionalized Strontium Ferrite in Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Conducting Network: A High‐Performance EMI Shielding Material
Authors: Dalal Jasvir , Lather Sushma , Gupta Anjli , Tripathi Rahul , Maan Anup Singh , Singh Kuldeep , Ohlan Anil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe advent of nanotechnology leading to high‐frequency device realization has resulted in a rapid increase in radiation pollution. The synthesis of core–shell morphology based poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/ reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites incorporated with SrFe12O19 nanoparticles via in situ emulsion polymerization is a step to control ever‐increasing radiation pollution. For electromagnetic (EM) shielding, impedance matching, and absorption of EM wave being the two key parameters. RGO and PEDOT establish an interconnected conducting network inside the PEDOT matrix and the resulting conductive pathway provides better impedance matching for the incident radiation. The RGO sheets decorated with ferrite nanoparticles strengthen the mechanism of the shielding by absorbing incoming EM radiation. The synergic coupling of the magneto‐dielectric characteristics of nanocomposites result in high electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of 42.29 dB at 12.4 GHz for 2.5 mm thick sample. The SE is mainly dominated by absorption and also measured as a function of thickness resulting in SE(max) value of 62 dB at a thickness of 4.66 mm. The present set of nanocomposites are found to exhibit attenuation of more than 99.999% and have the potential for commercial application in EM shielding.
Light Driven Active Transition of Switching Modes in Homogeneous Oxides/Graphene Heterostructure
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Zeng Kelin , Zhu Xin , Ding Guanglong , Zou Ting , Zhang Chen , Zhou Kui , Zhou Ye , Han Su‐Ting 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDepending on the mobile species involved in the resistive switching process, redox random access memories and conductive bridge random access memories are widely studied with distinct switching mechanisms. Although the two resistance switching types have faithfully proved to be electrochemically linked in metal oxide‐based memristive devices, the corresponding photo‐induced transition has not yet been realized. Here, a photo‐induced transition through the integration of a graphene layer into a titanium oxide‐based memory device is demonstrated. Coupled with Raman mapping and an electron energy loss spectroscopy technique, the photo‐induced interaction at the heterostructure of graphene/titanium oxide are considered to dominate the transition process. Moreover, a negative differential resistance effect is observed by controlling the applied voltage, which can be credited to the saturation of trap centers (oxygen vacancies) and the increase of interfacial barrier at the graphene/titanium oxide heterojunction.
Chemical Origins of Electrochemical Overpotential in Surface‐Conversion Nanocomposite Cathodes
Authors: Jung Sung‐Kyun , Hwang Insang , Choi Il Rok , Yoon Gabin , Park Joo Ha , Park Kyu‐Young , Kang Kisuk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA new branch of promising nanocomposite cathode materials for rechargeable batteries based on non‐intercalation materials has been recently discovered. However, all the nanocomposite cathodes reported thus far suffer from a large overpotential in the first charge, which hinders the activation and lowers the energy efficiency. Here, a series of model nanocomposites consisting of MnO and various metal fluorides (LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, MgF2, CaF2, and AlF3) to identify the key parameters affecting the activation and overpotential in the first charge are evaluated. It is demonstrated that the F 1s binding energy of the metal fluorides is a plausible indicator of the overpotential in the first charge as well as the subsequent reversible discharge capacity. The stability of the cation in the electrolyte and its solvation nature are also shown to affect the overall activation process. Finally, it is proposed that appropriate tuning of the binding energy of metal fluorides (e.g., by forming solid solutions such as LiCsF2) is a feasible approach to reduce the overpotential and increase the reversible capacity. The findings broaden the current understanding of surface‐conversion nanocomposite chemistries, thus providing guidelines for the design of nanomixture cathode materials for rechargeable batteries.
Catalytic and Enantioselective Diels‐Alder Reaction of Siloxydienes
Authors: Harada Shinji , Nishida Atsushi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiels‐Alder reaction is one of the most well‐known named reactions in organic chemistry. It involves a diene substrate and a dienophile substrate. Among dienes, siloxydiene is a reactive substrate that is often used in Diels‐Alder reaction. In general, Diels‐Alder reaction is promoted by an acidic reagent. In many cases, the stereoselectivity of the reaction is also controlled by acids. However, siloxydienes are labile under acidic conditions. Thus, it should be difficult to develop a reaction using siloxydiene as a substrate. Nevertheless, siloxydienes are still used in synthetic organic chemistry, and most reactions are performed under thermal activation conditions. In this minireview, we summarize the reported examples of catalytic and enantioselective Diels‐Alder reactions of siloxydienes based on the structure of the diene. We present the activation methods used, the existing problems, and a clue for the further development of this annulation chemistry.
Potassium‐Persulfate‐Promoted Regioselective Azidation/Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ning , Li Qiang , Fang Yi‐Lin , Gao Le‐Han , Song Si‐Zhe , Dong Youren , Wei Wen‐Ting 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn efficient, environmentally benign and sustainable method for the synthesis of 2‐pyrrolidinones from 1,6‐enynes via an unusual regioselective azidation/cyclization is described. The products have been obtained in good yields without the assistance of any transition‐metal catalysts or ligands. To demonstrate the utility of this protocol, the azidation products are converted to a synthetically valuable amine or triazole. This azidation cyclization involves a radical process, allows a regioselective way toward the formation of one C−N bond and one C−C bond.
Elderly‐onset acute necrotizing encephalopathy mimicking severe heat stroke: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Odagiri Arisa , Yamaoka Ayumu , Miyata Kei , Bunya Naofumi , Kasai Takehiko , Takeyama Yoshihiro , Uemura Shuji , Mikami Takeshi , Narimatsu Eichi 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundAcute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), known as influenza‐associated encephalitis, typically affects children.Case presentationA 70‐year‐old woman was admitted to the hospital with altered consciousness, a high temperature, and severe hypotension. Computed tomography (CT) of the head showed no abnormalities; thus, a diagnosis of suspected severe heat stroke was made. On day 2, repeated head CT revealed bilateral symmetrical lesions to the thalamus, and a rapid influenza antigen test was positive. Based on the CT findings and the medical history of influenza, a differential diagnosis of ANE was made. Subsequently, brain edema spread across the whole brain, and the patient died on day 21.ConclusionIn elderly patients, differentiating ANE from severe heat stroke in a high‐temperature environment is difficult because of the similarities in clinical symptoms due to multiple organ failure.
TMEM106B Effect on cognition in Parkinson disease and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Tropea Thomas F. , Mak Jordan , Guo Michael H. , Xie Sharon X. , Suh Eunran , Rick Jacqueline , Siderowf Andrew , Weintraub Daniel , Grossman Murray , Irwin David , Wolk David A. , Trojanowski John Q. , Van Deerlin Vivianna , Chen‐Plotkin Alice S. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveCommon variants near TMEM106B associate with risk of developing frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Emerging evidence suggests a role for TMEM106B in neurodegenerative processes beyond FTD. We evaluate the effect of TMEM106B genotype on cognitive decline across multiple neurogenerative diseases.MethodsWe longitudinally followed 870 subjects with diagnoses of Parkinson disease (PD; n = 179), FTD (n = 179), Alzheimer disease (AD; n = 300), memory‐predominant mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 75), or neurologically normal control subjects (NC; n = 137) at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn). All participants had annual Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE; median follow‐up duration = 3.0 years) and were genotyped at TMEM106B index single nucleotide polymorphism rs1990622. Genotype effects on cognition were confirmed by extending analyses to additional cognitive instruments (Mattis Dementia Rating Scale‐2 [DRS‐2] and Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) and to an international validation cohort (Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative [PPMI], N = 371).ResultsThe TMEM106B rs1990622T allele, linked to increased risk of FTD, associated with greater MMSE decline over time in PD subjects but not in AD or MCI subjects. For FTD subjects, rs1990622T associated with more rapid decrease in MMSE only under the minor‐allele, rs1990622C, dominant model. Among PD patients, rs1990622T carriers from the UPenn cohort demonstrated more rapid longitudinal decline in DRS‐2 scores. Finally, in the PPMI cohort, TMEM106B risk allele carriers demonstrated more rapid longitudinal decline in MoCA scores.InterpretationIrrespective of cognitive instrument or cohort assessed, TMEM106B acts as a genetic modifier for cognitive trajectory in PD. Our results implicate lysosomal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline in 2 different proteinopathies. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:801–811.
Highly filled multilayer thermoplastic/graphene conducting composite structures with high strength and thermal stability for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Authors: Joseph Jomy , Koroth Ajith K. , John Dina A. , Sidpara Ajay M. , Paul Jinu 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTPolyvinyl chloride (PVC)/graphene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/graphene nanocomposites were made by solution casting technique with graphene weight fractions of 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. Multilayer structures of the composites were made by hot compression technique to study their electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). Tensile strength, hardness, and storage modulus of the nanocomposites were studied in relation with graphene weight fraction. There has been a substantial increase in the electrical conductivity and EMI SE of the composites with 15–20% filler loading. Differential thermal analysis of the composites shows improved thermal stability with an increase in graphene loading. PMMA/graphene composites have better thermal stability, whereas PVC/graphene composites have superior mechanical properties. About 2 mm thick multilayer structures of PMMA/graphene and PVC/graphene composites show a maximum EMI SE of 21 dB and 31 dB, respectively, in the X band at 20 wt % graphene loading. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47792.
Carbonized thiourea formaldehyde resin blending polypyrrole hollow spheres composites with improved supercapacitor performances as electrodes
Authors: Jiang Feng , Ge Zhongsheng , Niu Ben , Yuan Mengying , Wei Suying , Li Mei 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThiourea formaldehyde resin has been condensation‐polymerized in the polypyrrole hollow spheres suspension to obtain TF/PPy. Then, TF/PPy has been carbonized at 750 °C to acquire CTF/PPy composites. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images were used to observe the morphology of the samples, TGA, XRD, Raman, XPS, and BET were used to analyze the structure of the materials. The results show PPy was blended with the TF resin, and the obtained CTF/PPy exhibited improved supercapacitive performances compared with CTF. The specific capacitance of CTF/PPy is 226.8 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1 according to GCD curves, much higher than that of CTF. More interestingly, the cycling retention of CTF/PPy electrode at the current density of 10 A g−1 is up to 120.2% after 10 000 cycles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47816.
Preparation of 4A zeolite coated polypropylene membrane for lithium‐ion batteries separator
Authors: Shekarian Ehsan , Jafari Nasr Mohammad Reza , Mohammadi Toraj , Bakhtiari Omid , Javanbakht Mehran 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis study aims to improve wettability and thermal resistance of lithium‐ion batteries separators. For this purpose, a commercial polypropylene (PP) separator was coated by 4A zeolite using poly(vinylidene fluoride) as binder and effects of the separators' zeolite content was investigated. All the coated separators showed lower contact angles, higher electrolyte uptakes, and less thermal shrinkages compared to the neat commercial separator. The coated PPA8 separator (zeolite to binder ratio of 8) showed the lowest wettability (contact angle of 0°) and electrolyte uptake (270%) due to its surface porosity resulting from the zeolite particles interstitial cavities as well as their internal cavities. Also, the PPA8 separator ion conductivity was found as 2.25 mS cm−1 and C‐rate and cycling performance of its assembled battery were higher compared to those of the commercial PP separator assembled battery. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47841.
Phenotypic variation of cassava root traits and their responses to drought
Authors: Kengkanna Jitrana , Jakaew Phissinee , Amawan Suwaluk , Busener Natalie , Bucksch Alexander , Saengwilai Patompong 
Published: April 2019

Premise of the StudyThe key to increased cassava production is balancing the trade‐off between marketable roots and traits that drive nutrient and water uptake. However, only a small number of protocols have been developed for cassava roots. Here, we introduce a set of new variables and methods to phenotype cassava roots and enhance breeding pipelines.MethodsDifferent cassava genotypes were planted in pot and field conditions under well‐watered and drought treatments. We developed cassava shovelomics and used digital imaging of root traits (DIRT) to evaluate geometrical root traits in addition to common traits (e.g., length, number).ResultsCassava shovelomics and DIRT were successfully implemented to extract root phenotypes, and a large phenotypic variation for root traits was observed. Significant correlations were found among root traits measured manually and by DIRT. Drought significantly decreased shoot dry weight, total root number, and root length by 84%, 30%, and 25%, respectively. High adventitious root number was associated with increased shoot dry weight (r = 0.44) under drought.DiscussionOur methods allow for high‐throughput cassava root phenotyping, which makes a breeding program targeting root traits feasible. We suggest that root number is a breeding target for improved cassava production under drought.