bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Antibiotic Therapy on
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
-Induced Lung Injury in a Rat Model
Authors: Ernst Erika J. , Hashimoto Satoru , Guglielmo Joseph , Sawa Teiji , Pittet Jean-Francois , Kropp Helmut , Jackson Jesse J. , Wiener-Kronish Jeanine P. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

The effect of antibiotics on the acute lung injury induced by virulent
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PA103 was quantitatively analyzed in a rat model. Lung injury was induced by the instillation of PA103 directly into the right lower lobes of the lungs of anesthetized rats. The alveolar epithelial injury, extravascular lung water, and total plasma equivalents were measured as separate, independent parameters of acute lung injury. Four hours after the instillation of PA103, all the parameters were increased linearly depending on the dose of
P. aeruginosa
. Next, we examined the effects of intravenously administered antibiotics on the parameters of acute lung injury in
d
-galactosamine-sensitized rats. One hour after the rats received 10
7
CFU of PA103, an intravenous bolus injection of aztreonam (60 mg/kg) or imipenem-cilastatin (30 mg/kg) was administered. Despite an MIC indicating resistance, imipenem-cilastatin improved all the measurements of lung injury; in contrast, aztreonam, which had an MIC indicating sensitivity, did not improve any of the lung injury parameters. The antibiotics did not generate different quantities of plasma endotoxin; therefore, endotoxin did not appear to explain the differences in lung injury. This in vivo model is useful to quantitatively compare the efficacies of parenteral antibiotic administration on
Pseudomonas
airspace infections.
Carbapenem Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of Various β-Lactamases, Including Class B Metallo-β-Lactamases
Authors: Nagano Rie , Adachi Yuka , Imamura Hideaki , Yamada Koji , Hashizume Terutaka , Morishima Hajime 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

A variety of 1β-methylcarbapenem derivatives were screened to identify inhibitors of IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamase, a class B β-lactamase, in an automated microassay system using nitrocefin as a substrate. The structure–inhibitory-activity relationship study revealed that three types of 1β-methylcarbapenems having benzothienylthio, dithiocarbamate, or pyrrolidinylthio moieties at the C-2 position showed good inhibitory activity. Among the compounds screened, J-110,441, having a benzothienylthio moiety at the C-2 position of 1β-methylcarbapenem, was the most potent inhibitor of class B metallo-β-lactamases with

K
i

values of 0.0037, 0.23, 1.00, and 0.83 μM for IMP-1 encoded by the
bla
IMP
gene, CcrA from
Bacteroides fragilis
, L1 from
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
, and type II from
Bacillus cereus
, respectively. In a further characterization study, J-110,441 also showed inhibitory activity against TEM-type class A serine β-lactamase and chromosomal class C serine β-lactamase from
Enterobacter cloacae
with

K
i

values of 2.54 and 0.037 μM, respectively. Combining imipenem or ceftazidime with J-110,441 had a synergistic effect on the antimicrobial activity against β-lactamase-producing bacteria. Against the isolates of IMP-1-producing
Serratia marcescens
, the MICs of imipenem decreased to levels ranging from 1/64 to 1/4 in the presence of one-fourth of the MIC of J-110,441. Against
E. cloacae
producing high levels of class C β-lactamase, the MIC of ceftazidime decreased from 64 to 4 μg/ml in the presence of 4 μg of J-110,441 per ml. This is the first report to describe a new class of inhibitor of class B and class C β-lactamases including transferable IMP-1 metallo-β-lactamases.
Interstrain Variation in the Human Cytomegalovirus DNA Polymerase Sequence and Its Effect on Genotypic Diagnosis of Antiviral Drug Resistance
Authors: Chou Sunwen , Lurain Nell S. , Weinberg Adriana , Cai Guang-Yung , Sharma Prem L. , Crumpacker Clyde S. ,   Adult Aids Clinical Trials Group CMV Laboratories
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

The polymerase (
pol
) coding sequence was determined for 40 independent clinical cytomegalovirus isolates sensitive to ganciclovir and foscarnet. Sequence alignments showed >98% interstrain homology and amino acid variation in only 4% of the 1,237 codons. Almost all variation occurred outside of conserved functional domains where resistance mutations have been identified.
Novel gene targets for miRNA146a and miRNA155 in anterior uveitis
Authors: O'Rourke Micheal , Trenkmann Michelle , Connolly Mary , Fearon Ursula , Murphy Conor C 
Published: October 2018

Background/AimsAnterior uveitis (AU) is the most common form of intraocular inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, non-coding RNAs functioning as post-transcriptional repressors of gene expression. Knowledge of miRNAs can implicate specific genes and pathogenic signalling pathways in disease. This study examines miRNA expression, function and target genes in AU pathogenesis.MethodsAU and healthy control (HC) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were initially screened for expression of five miRNAs by real-time PCR. Regulation of the aberrantly expressed miRNAs by TLR1/2, TLR3, TLR4, IL1β and TNFα was quantified by real-time PCR and paired cytokine outputs measured by ELISA. Functional effects of miRNA overexpression using transfected THP1 cells examined IL6, IL8, IL10 and IL1β cytokine outputs by ELISA. Target genes were identified using TargetScan online computational algorithm and relevant targets verified by cloning of the 3′UTR and luciferase reporter gene assays.ResultsIncreased expression of miRNA146a (p<0.01), miRNA155 (p<0.05) and miRNA125a5p (p<0.01) was demonstrated in AU PBMC compared with HC. miRNA155 was increased following TLR1/2 (p<0.05) and TLR4 (p<0.05) stimulation and miRNA146a increased in response to IL1β (p<0.05). In a proinflammatory environment, miRNA155 overexpression in THP1 cells yielded increased cytokine output whereas miRNA146a overexpression showed decreased cytokine output. CD80, PRKCE and VASN were confirmed as novel targets for miRNA146a and SMAD2, TYRP1 and FBXO22 for miRNA155.ConclusionThis study identifies overexpression of proinflammatory miRNA155, regulatory miRNA146a and miRNA125a-5p in AU. CD80, PRKCE and VASN are novel miRNA146a targets and SMAD2, TYRP1 and FBXO22 are novel targets for miRNA155.
Can rapid approaches to qualitative analysis deliver timely, valid findings to clinical leaders? A mixed methods study comparing rapid and thematic analysis
Authors: Taylor Beck , Henshall Catherine , Kenyon Sara , Litchfield Ian , Greenfield Sheila 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThis study compares rapid and traditional analyses of a UK health service evaluation dataset to explore differences in researcher time and consistency of outputs.DesignMixed methods study, quantitatively and qualitatively comparing qualitative methods.SettingData from a home birth service evaluation study in a hospital in the English National Health Service, which took place between October and December 2014. Two research teams independently analysed focus group and interview transcript data: one team used a thematic analysis approach using the framework method, and the second used rapid analysis.ParticipantsHome birth midwives (6), midwifery support workers (4), commissioners (4), managers (6), and community midwives (12) and a patient representative (1) participated in the original study.Primary outcome measuresTime taken to complete analysis in person hours; analysis findings and recommendations matched, partially matched or not matched across the two teams.ResultsRapid analysis data management took less time than thematic analysis (43 hours vs 116.5 hours). Rapid analysis took 100 hours, and thematic analysis took 126.5 hours in total, with interpretation and write up taking much longer in the rapid analysis (52 hours vs 8 hours). Rapid analysis findings overlapped with 79% of thematic analysis findings, and thematic analysis overlapped with 63% of the rapid analysis findings. Rapid analysis recommendations overlapped with 55% of those from the thematic analysis, and thematic analysis overlapped with 59% of the rapid analysis recommendations.ConclusionsRapid analysis delivered a modest time saving. Excessive time to interpret data in rapid analysis in this study may be due to differences between research teams. There was overlap in outputs between approaches, more in findings than recommendations. Rapid analysis may have the potential to deliver valid, timely findings while taking less time. We recommend further comparisons using additional data sets with more similar research teams.
Protocol for a scoping review on nursing care and the autonomy of disabled persons
Authors: Schoeller Soraia Dornelles , Lima Daniella Karine Souza , Martins Maria Manuela , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza , Zuchetto Milena Amorim , Bampi Luciana Neves da Silva , Roos Cristine Moraes , Tholl Adriana Dutra , Tonnera Liliam Cristiana Julio , Machado Wiliam Cesar Alves , Vargas Caroline Porcelis 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionConsidering the limitations that disabled persons experience, our understanding of caring for these people has evolved over time worldwide. Because nursing care is dependent on the choices made by patients, nurses can play an emancipatory role by empowering patients with disabilities to become the primary agent in their rehabilitation. Objective was to conduct a range analysis protocol proposing the mapping of conceptual elements for a nursing care model based on the autonomy of disabled persons.Methods and analysisA protocol was developed in corporating insights from recent innovations and applying the scope review method of Arksey and O’Malley as a reference using their scoping review methodology as a guide. For the construction of research guiding question, the patient, intervention, comparison and outcomes strategy was adapted. Considerable research in online databases (14) from 2000 to 2018 will be integrated by bibliographical research. Proceed a consult in the Annals of the Brazilian Congress of Nursing, Brazilian Nursing Association and Portuguese Rehabilitation Nursing Association, as well as professional Portuguese and Brazilian nursing legislation. The entire reference list of the covered studies searched manually to detect considerable additional studies. In addition to these searches, stakeholders, including nurse experts in the rehabilitation field and disabled persons, will be requested and included.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethical approval because it is a review and collection of data on publicly available materials. The results of this research will be published in a relevant journal on the subject of rehabilitation and presented at international scientific events in the area of rehabilitation nursing. Thus, the elaboration of this protocol further maps the gaps and strengthens the concepts capable of presenting strong evidence which assists and supports safer, smarter and more objective care for those living with permanent daily care obligations.
LDL-C:HDL-C ratio and common carotid plaque in Xinjiang Uygur obese adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Liu Fen , Wang Ying-Hong , Lai Hong-Mei , Zhao Qian , Luo Jun-Yi , Ma Yi-Tong , Li Xiao-Mei , Yang Yi-Ning 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C:HDL-C) ratio and common carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CCAP) among obese adults of Uygur community in Xinjiang, China.DesignA hospital-based cross-sectional study.SettingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University.ParticipantsA total of 1449 obese adults of Uygur population who were free of coronary artery disease were included in our study from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016.MethodologyLipid profiles, other routine laboratory parameters and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery were measured in all participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between LDL-C:HDL-C ratio and CCAP.ResultsFour hundred and fifteen (28.64%) participants had CCAP. Participants with CCAP had significantly higher LDL-C:HDL-C ratio compared with those without CCAP (3.21 [2.50, 3.88] vs 2.33 [1.95, 2.97], p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed high LDL-C:HDL-C ratio as independent predictor of CCAP after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors. The top LDL-C:HDL-C ratio quartile (≥3.25) had an OR of 9.355 (95% CI 6.181 to 14.157) compared with the bottom quartile (<2.07) of LDL-C:HDL-C ratio (p<0.001) after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus and serum level of total cholesterol.ConclusionCCAP is highly prevalent in Uygur obese adults. A high LDL-C:HDL-C ratio is an independent predictor of CCAP. It may help identify obese individuals who are at high risk of CCAP and who may benefit from intensive LDL-lowering therapy.
Efficacy of photobiomodulation on oral lichen planus: a protocol study for a double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ferri Elza Padilha , Gallo Camila de Barros , Abboud Clery Saad , Yanaguizawa Wellington Hideaki , Horliana Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini , Silva Daniela de Fatima Teixeira da , Pavani Christiane , Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Nunes Fabio Daumas , Mesquita-Ferrari Raquel Agnelli , Fernandes Kristianne Porta Santos , Rodrigues Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionOral lichen planus (OLP) is an idiopathic chronic mucocutaneous disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations, including white reticular patches, erosive/ulcerative and atrophic lesions, both associated with intense symptomatology. Topical corticosteroids are commonly used as standard therapy. However, patients frequently present relapses after the discontinuation of treatment as well as developing resistance to corticosteroid therapy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been shown to be a potential therapeutic tool to treat inflammatory disorders, including OLP. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of PBM (660 nm) with corticosteroid therapy with clobetasol propionate 0.05% for the treatment of OLP.Methods and analysisForty-four patients with symptomatic and histopathological diagnosis of OLP will be randomised into two experimental groups in a double-blind manner: control group (n=22): clobetasol propionate 0.05%+placebo PBM, and experimental group (n=22): PBM (λ=660 nm, power 100 mW, radiant exposure: 177 J/cm2and 0.5J per point)+placebo gel. Laser will be applied 2×/week for 1 month and clobetasol propionate three times a day for 30 days and the same for placebo treatments. The primary variable (pain) and the secondary variables (clinical score, evaluation of functional scores, clinical resolution, OLP recurrence, quality of life and anxiety and depression) will be evaluated at the baseline, once a week during treatment (depending on the variables) and after 30 days and 60 days of follow-up. Pain will be evaluated using visual analogue scale and clinical characteristics will be scored using the Thongprasom Index. The quality of life and anxiety and depression will be evaluated by Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire and by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for anxiety scale, respectively. The serum and salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1β, INF-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α will be evaluated by ELISA at baseline and at the end of treatment.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved (#2.375.410) by the Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE) Research Ethics Committee. The data gathered using this protocol will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT03320460.
Cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease: the impact of the motor phenotype on cognition
Authors: Wojtala Jennifer , Heber Ines Ann , Neuser Petra , Heller Julia , Kalbe Elke , Rehberg Sarah P , Storch Alexander , Linse Katharina , Schneider Christine , Gräber Susanne , Berg Daniela , Dams Judith , Balzer-Geldsetzer Monika , Hilker-Roggendorf Rüdiger , Oberschmidt Carola , Baudrexel Simon , Witt Karsten , Schmidt Nele , Deuschl Günther , Mollenhauer Brit , Trenkwalder Claudia , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga , Spottke Annika , Roeske Sandra , Wüllner Ullrich , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Riedel Oliver , Dodel Richard , Schulz Jörg B , Reetz Kathrin 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is further associated with progressive cognitive decline. In respect to motor phenotype, there is some evidence that akinetic-rigid PD is associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline in general and a greater risk of developing dementia.The objective of this study was to examine cognitive profiles among patients with PD by motor phenotypes and its relation to cognitive function.MethodsDemographic, clinical and neuropsychological cross-sectional baseline data of the DEMPARK/LANDSCAPE study, a multicentre longitudinal cohort study of 538 patients with PD were analysed, stratified by motor phenotype and cognitive syndrome. Analyses were performed for all patients and for each diagnostic group separately, controlling for age, gender, education and disease duration.ResultsCompared with the tremor-dominant phenotype, akinetic-rigid patients performed worse in executive functions such as working memory (Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised backward; p=0.012), formal-lexical word fluency (p=0.043), card sorting (p=0.006), attention (Trail Making Test version A; p=0.024) and visuospatial abilities (Leistungsprüfungssystem test 9; p=0.006). Akinetic-rigid neuropsychological test scores for the executive and attentive domain correlated negatively with non-tremor motor scores. Covariate-adjusted binary logistic regression analyses showed significant odds for PD-mild cognitive impairment for not-determined as compared with tremor-dominant (OR=3.198) and akinetic-rigid PD (OR=2.059). The odds for PD-dementia were significant for akinetic-rigid as compared with tremor-dominant phenotype (OR=8.314).ConclusionThe three motor phenotypes of PD differ in cognitive performance, showing that cognitive deficits seem to be less severe in tremor-dominant PD. While these data are cross-sectional, longitudinal data are needed to shed more light on these differential findings.
Direct endovascular thrombectomy and bridging strategies for acute ischemic stroke: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Phan Kevin , Dmytriw Adam A , Lloyd Declan , Maingard Julian M , Kok Hong Kuan , Chandra Ronil V , Brooks Mark , Thijs Vincent , Moore Justin M , Chiu Albert Ho Yuen , Selim Magdy , Goyal Mayank , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Thomas Ajith J , Hirsch Joshua A , Asadi Hamed , Wang Nelson 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThe present Bayesian network meta-analysis aimed to compare the various strategies for acute ischemic stroke: direct endovascular thrombectomy within the thrombolysis window in patients with no contraindications to thrombolysis (DEVT); (2) direct endovascular thrombectomy secondary to contraindications to thrombolysis (DEVTc); (3) endovascular thrombectomy in addition to thrombolysis (IVEVT); and (4) thrombolysis without thrombectomy (IVT).MethodsSix electronic databases were searched from their dates of inception to May 2017 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IVT versus IVEVT, and prospective registry studies comparing IVEVT versus DEVT or IVEVT versus DEVTc. Network meta-analyses were performed using ORs and 95% CIs as the summary statistic.ResultsWe identified 12 studies (5 RCTs, 7 prospective cohort) with a total of 3161 patients for analysis. There was no significant difference in good functional outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2) between DEVT and IVEVT. There was no significant difference in mortality between all treatment groups. DEVT was associated with a 49% reduction in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) compared with IVEVT (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.33 to 0.79), due to reduction in rates of asymptomatic ICH (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.76). Patients treated with DEVT had higher rates of reperfusion compared with IVEVT (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.94).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first network meta-analysis to be performed in the era of contemporary mechanical thrombectomy comparing DEVT and DEVTc. Our analysis suggests the addition of thrombolysis prior to thrombectomy for large vessel occlusions may not be associated with improved outcomes.
Smokeless tobacco use and circulatory disease risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rostron Brian L , Chang Joanne T , Anic Gabriella M , Tanwar Manju , Chang Cindy M , Corey Catherine G 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveSmokeless tobacco use is a public health issue throughout the world, but reviews and analyses of circulatory disease risks associated with smokeless tobacco use may be outdated or incomplete. This study provides a thorough and comprehensive review and meta-analysis of circulatory disease risks in high-income countries, including recently published study estimates.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies of circulatory disease risks associated with smokeless tobacco use in Europe and North America that were identified from electronic databases and reference lists. Study estimates were extracted by region, smokeless tobacco use status, cigarette smoking status, and circulatory condition and combined in meta-analysis using a random-effects model. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess study quality and risk of bias.ResultsWe identified 17 relevant cohort studies, two pooled analyses, five case–control studies and one cross-sectional analysis. We found increased risk of heart disease (relative risk (RR) 1.17, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.27) and stroke (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.62) among US smokeless tobacco users compared with non-users. Increased circulatory disease risk was not observed among Swedish smokeless tobacco users.ConclusionUS smokeless tobacco users were found to have increased risk of heart disease and stroke.