bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Quantification and Visualization of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterial Uptake at the Single Cell Level in an In Vitro Model of the Human Small Intestine
Authors: Meyer Thomas , Venus Tom , Sieg Holger , Böhmert Linda , Kunz Birgitta M. , Krause Benjamin , Jalili Pegah , Hogeveen Kevin , Chevance Soizic , Gauffre Fabienne , Burel Agnes , Jungnickel Harald , Tentschert Jutta , Laux Peter , Luch Andreas , Braeuning Albert , Lampen Alfonso , Fessard Valerie , Meijer Jan , Estrela‐Lopis Irina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUseful properties render titanium dioxide nanomaterials (NMs) to be one of the most commonly used NMs worldwide. TiO2 powder is used as food additives (E171), which may contain up to 36% nanoparticles. Consequently, humans could be exposed to comparatively high amounts of NMs that may induce adverse effects of chronic exposure conditions. Visualization and quantification of cellular NM uptake as well as their interactions with biomolecules within cells are key issues regarding risk assessment. Advanced quantitative imaging tools for NM detection within biological environments are therefore required. A combination of the label‐free spatially resolved dosimetric tools, microresolved particle induced X‐ray emission and Rutherford backscattering, together with high resolution imaging techniques, such as time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, are applied to visualize the cellular translocation pattern of TiO2 NMs and to quantify the NM‐load, cellular major, and trace elements in differentiated Caco‐2 cells as a function of their surface properties at the single cell level. Internalized NMs are not only able to impair the cellular homeostasis by themselves, but also to induce an intracellular redistribution of metabolically relevant elements such as phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and copper.
A review of automatic differentiation and its efficient implementation
Authors: Margossian Charles C. 
Published: March 2019

Derivatives play a critical role in computational statistics, examples being Bayesian inference using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling and the training of neural networks. Automatic differentiation (AD) is a powerful tool to automate the calculation of derivatives and is preferable to more traditional methods, especially when differentiating complex algorithms and mathematical functions. The implementation of AD, however, requires some care to insure efficiency. Modern differentiation packages deploy a broad range of computational techniques to improve applicability, run time, and memory management. Among these techniques are operation overloading, region‐based memory, and expression templates. There also exist several mathematical techniques which can yield high performance gains when applied to complex algorithms. For example, semi‐analytical derivatives can reduce by orders of magnitude the runtime required to numerically solve and differentiate an algebraic equation. Open and practical problems include the extension of current packages to provide more specialized routines, and finding optimal methods to perform higher‐order differentiation.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Scalable Statistical Methods
miR‐146a‐5p: Expression, regulation, and functions in cancer
Authors: Iacona Joseph R. , Lutz Carol S. 
Published: March 2019

Cancer as we know it is actually an umbrella term for over 100 very unique malignancies in various tissues throughout the human body. Each type, and even subtype of cancer, has different genetic, epigenetic, and other cellular events responsible for malignant development and metastasis. Recent work has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a major role in these processes, sometimes by promoting cancer growth and other times by suppressing tumorigenesis. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate expression of specific target genes. This review goes into an in‐depth look at the most recent finding regarding the significance of one particular miRNA, miR‐146a‐5p, and its involvement in cancer. Target gene validation and pathway analysis have provided mechanistic insight into this miRNA's purpose in assorted tissues. Additionally, this review outlines novel findings that suggest miR‐146a‐5p may be useful as a noninvasive biomarker and as a targeted therapeutic in several cancers.This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Adolescents with chronic illness and the transition to self‐management: A systematic review
Authors: Lerch Matthew F. , Thrane Susan E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionChronic illness effects one in ten adolescents worldwide. Adolescence involves a desire for autonomy from parental control and the necessity to transition care from parent to child. This review investigates the transition to adolescent self‐management of chronic illness treatment behaviors in the context of parent‐adolescent relationships.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science was conducted from earliest database records to early June 2017. Articles were included if they focused on adolescents, addressed illness self‐management, discussed the parent‐adolescent relationship, and were published in English. Articles were excluded if the chronic illness was a mental health condition, included children younger than 10 years of age, or lacked peer review.ResultsNine studies met inclusion criteria. Outcomes included challenges to adolescent self‐management, nature of the parent‐adolescent relationship, illness representation, perceptions of adolescent self‐efficacy in compliance, medical decision making, laboratory measures, and adolescent self‐management competence. Across diagnoses, parents who were available to monitor, be a resource, collaborate with their adolescent, and engage in ongoing dialogue were key in the successful transition to autonomous illness management.ConclusionsThere is a paucity of research addressing the experiences of adolescents in becoming experts in their own care.
Finite-amplitude steady-state wave groups with multiple near-resonances in finite water depth
Authors: Liu Z. , Xie D. 
Published: March 2019

Finite-amplitude wave groups with multiple near-resonances are investigated to extend the existing results due to Liu et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 835, 2018, pp. 624–653) from steady-state wave groups in deep water to steady-state wave groups in finite water depth. The slow convergence rate of the series solution in the homotopy analysis method and extra unpredictable high-frequency components in finite water depth make it hard to obtain finite-amplitude wave groups accurately. To overcome these difficulties, a solution procedure that combines the homotopy analysis method-based analytical approach and Galerkin method-based numerical approaches has been used. For weakly nonlinear wave groups, the continuum of steady-state resonance from deep water to finite water depth is established. As nonlinearity increases, the frequency bands broaden and more steady-state wave groups are obtained. Finite-amplitude wave groups with steepness no less than $0.20$ are obtained and the resonant sets configuration of steady-state wave groups are analysed in different water depths. For waves in deep water, the majority of non-trivial components appear around the primary ones due to four-wave, six-wave, eight-wave or even ten-wave resonant interactions. The dominant role of four-wave resonant interactions for steady-state wave groups in deep water is demonstrated. For waves in finite water depth, additional non-trivial high-frequency components appear in the spectra due to three-wave, four-wave, five-wave or even six-wave resonant interactions with the components around the primary ones. The amplitude of these high-frequency components increases further as the water depth decreases. Resonances composed by components only around the primary ones are suppressed while resonances composed by components around the primary ones and from the high-frequency domain are enhanced. The spectrum of steady-state resonant wave groups changes with the water depth and the significant role of three-wave resonant interactions in finite water depth is demonstrated.
Compressible unsteady Görtler vortices subject to free-stream vortical disturbances
Authors: Viaro Samuele , Ricco Pierre 
Published: March 2019

The perturbations triggered by free-stream vortical disturbances in compressible boundary layers developing over concave walls are studied numerically and through asymptotic methods. We employ an asymptotic framework based on the limit of high Görtler number, the scaled parameter defining the centrifugal effects; we use an eigenvalue formulation where the free-stream forcing is neglected; and we solve the receptivity problem by integrating the compressible boundary-region equations complemented by appropriate initial and boundary conditions that synthesize the influence of the free-stream vortical flow. Near the leading edge, the boundary-layer perturbations develop as thermal Klebanoff modes and, when centrifugal effects become influential, these modes turn into thermal Görtler vortices, i.e. streamwise rolls characterized by intense velocity and temperature perturbations. The high-Görtler-number asymptotic analysis reveals the condition for which the Görtler vortices start to grow. The Mach number is destabilizing when the spanwise diffusion is negligible and stabilizing when the boundary-layer thickness is comparable with the spanwise wavelength of the vortices. When the Görtler number is large, the theoretical analysis also shows that the vortices move towards the wall as the Mach number increases. These results are confirmed by the receptivity analysis, which additionally clarifies that the temperature perturbations respond to this reversed behaviour further downstream than the velocity perturbations. A matched-asymptotic composite profile, found by combining the inviscid core solution and the near-wall viscous solution, agrees well with the receptivity profile sufficiently downstream and at high Görtler number. The Görtler vortices tend to move towards the boundary-layer core when the flow is more stable, i.e. as the frequency or the Mach number increase, or when the curvature decreases. As a consequence, a region of unperturbed flow is generated near the wall. We also find that the streamwise length scale of the boundary-layer perturbations is always smaller than the free-stream streamwise wavelength. During the initial development of the vortices, only the receptivity calculations are accurate. At streamwise locations where the free-stream disturbances have fully decayed, the growth rate and wavelength are computed with sufficient accuracy by the eigenvalue analysis, although the correct amplitude and evolution of the Görtler vortices can only be determined by the receptivity calculations. It is further proved that the eigenvalue predictions of the growth rate and wavenumber worsen as the Mach number increases as these quantities show a dependence on the wall-normal direction. We conclude by qualitatively comparing our results with the direct numerical simulations available in the literature.
Phylogenetic signal in leaf-cutting ant diet in the fragmented Atlantic rain forest
Authors: Gerhold Pille , Ribeiro Elâine M. S. , Santos Bráulio A. , Sarapuu Joosep , Tabarelli Marcelo , Wirth Rainer , Leal Inara R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLeaf-cutting ants are dominant herbivores in Neotropical rain forests, and their colony densities increase in disturbed habitats such as forest edges. However, while it is well-established that leaf-cutting ants profit from changes to the food-plant community, the phylogenetic dimension of this ant–plant interaction remains poorly understood in fragmented forests. We studied diet composition of Atta cephalotes in the edge and interior of Atlantic forest in north-east Brazil (8°30′S, 35°50′W). We applied phylogenetic signal analysis to investigate the diet across plant lineages and performed phylogenetic generalized linear models to analyse the diet in both habitats. We found a phylogenetic signal in diet and in leaf mechanical resistance, which means that A. cephalotes selects closely related food plants with less resistant leaves. Most preferred species belong to Malpighiales, Rubiaceae and Melastomataceae. We also found that irrespective of phylogeny, ants select food plants with less resistant leaves, both in edge and interior. However, ants choose more abundant plants only in edges. High abundance of optimal diet facilitates foraging in forest edges and explains why colony densities increase in disturbed habitats. Finally, by favouring or disfavouring specific clades, leaf-cutting ants contribute to changes in the phylogenetic structure of tropical rain forests, e.g. phylogenetic impoverishment.
Domains of commutative C*-subalgebras
Authors: Heunen Chris , Lindenhovius Bert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA C*-algebra is determined to a great extent by the partial order of its commutative C*-subalgebras. We study order-theoretic properties of this directed-complete partially ordered (dcpo). Many properties coincide: the dcpo is, equivalently, algebraic, continuous, meet-continuous, atomistic, quasi-algebraic or quasi-continuous, if and only if the C*-algebra is scattered. For C*-algebras with enough projections, these properties are equivalent to finite-dimensionality. Approximately finite-dimensional elements of the dcpo correspond to Boolean subalgebras of the projections of the C*-algebra. Scattered C*-algebras are finitedimensional if and only if their dcpo is Lawson-scattered. General C*-algebras are finite-dimensional if and only if their dcpo is order-scattered.
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy skills groups for Veterans with suicidal ideation: pilot
Authors: Decker Suzanne E. , Adams Lynette , Watkins Laura E. , Sippel Lauren M. , Presnall-Shvorin Jennifer , Sofuoglu Mehmet , Martino Steve 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:Veterans are at high risk for suicide; emotion dysregulation may confer additional risk. Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is a well-supported intervention for suicide attempt reduction in individuals with emotion dysregulation, but is complex and multi-component. The skills group component of DBT (DBT-SG) has been associated with reduced suicidal ideation and emotion dysregulation. DBT-SG for Veterans at risk for suicide has not been studied.Aims:This study sought to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of DBT-SG in Veterans and to gather preliminary evidence for its efficacy in reducing suicidal ideation and emotion dysregulation and increasing coping skills.Method:Veterans with suicidal ideation and emotion dysregulation (N = 17) enrolled in an uncontrolled pilot study of a 26-week DBT-SG as an adjunct to mental health care-as-usual.Results:Veterans attended an average 66% of DBT-SG sessions. Both Veterans and their primary mental health providers believed DBT-SG promoted Veterans’ use of coping skills to reduce suicide risk, and they were satisfied with the treatment. Paired sample t-tests comparing baseline scores with later scores indicated suicidal ideation and emotion dysregulation decreased at post-treatment (d = 1.88, 2.75, respectively) and stayed reduced at 3-month follow-up (d = 2.08, 2.59, respectively). Likewise, skillful coping increased at post-treatment (d = 0.85) and was maintained at follow-up (d = 0.91).Conclusions:An uncontrolled pilot study indicated DBT-SG was feasible, acceptable, and demonstrated potential efficacy in reducing suicidal ideation and emotion dysregulation among Veterans. A randomized controlled study of DBT-SG with Veterans at risk for suicide is warranted.
Adapting CBT to treat depression in Armed Forces Veterans: qualitative study
Authors: Farrand Paul , Mullan Eugene , Rayson Kat , Engelbrecht Alberta , Mead Karen , Greenberg Neil 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:The principles of the Armed Forces Covenant state that Armed Forces Veterans should be at no disadvantage resulting from their service compared with a general adult population. However, despite being at increased risk of experiencing common mental health difficulties, evidence indicates that 82% of Armed Forces Veterans receive no treatment, compared with 63% of the general adult population.Aim:To gain a better appreciation of factors that inform the type of adaptations to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions for depression and mainstream service promotion materials to enhance acceptability for Armed Forces Veterans.Method:This is a qualitative study employing a focus group of 12 participants to examine the main impacts of depression on Armed Forces Veterans alongside attitudes towards terminology and visual imagery. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and sub-themes with rigour established through two researchers independently developing thematic maps to inform a final agreed thematic map.Results:A behavioural activation intervention supporting re-engagement with activities to overcome depression had good levels of acceptability when adapted to reflect an Armed Forces culture. Preferences regarding terminology commonly used within CBT adapted for Armed Forces Veterans were identified. Concerns were expressed with respect to using imagery that emphasized physical rather than mental health difficulties.Conclusions:There is the need to consider the Armed Forces community as a specific institutional culture when developing CBT approaches with potential to enhance engagement, completion and recovery rates. Results have potential to inform the practice of CBT with Armed Forces Veterans and future research.
Association of abnormal serum electrolyte levels with hypertension in a population with high salt intake
Authors: Wu Di , Chen Yintao , Guan Haixia , Sun Yingxian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe present epidemiological study aimed to evaluate the association of serum electrolyte levels with hypertension in a population with a high-salt diet.DesignSecondary analysis of epidemiology data from the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study conducted in 2012–2013. Blood pressure and hypertension status were analysed for association with serum sodium, potassium, chloride, total calcium, phosphate and magnesium levels using regression models.SettingHigh-salt diet, rural China.ParticipantsAdult residents in Liaoning, China.ResultsIn total 10 555 participants were included, of whom 3287 had incident hypertension (IH) and 1655 had previously diagnosed hypertension (PDH). Fifty-six per cent of participants had electrolyte disturbance. Sixty-two per cent of hypercalcaemic participants had hypertension, followed by hypokalaemia (56 %) and hypernatraemia (54 %). Only hypercalcaemia showed significant associations with both IH (OR=1·70) and PDH (OR=2·25). Highest serum calcium quartile had higher odds of IH (OR=1·58) and PDH (OR=1·64) than the lowest quartile. Serum sodium had no significant correlation with hypertension. Serum potassium had a U-shaped trend with PDH. Highest chloride quartile had lower odds of PDH than the lowest chloride quartile (OR=0·65). Highest phosphate quartile was only associated with lower odds of IH (OR=0·75), and the higher magnesium group had significantly lower odds of IH (OR=0·86) and PDH (OR=0·77).ConclusionsWe have shown the association of serum calcium, magnesium and chloride levels with IH and/or PDH. In the clinical setting, patients with IH may have concurrent electrolyte disturbances, such as hypercalcaemia, that may indicate other underlying aetiologies.
ASEAN asWayang Kulit: A Critique of the Constitutional, Extra-constitutional, and Practical Fetters of ASEAN
Authors: BAGULAYA Jose Duke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInternational organizations have been described metaphorically as the Frankenstein of international law. They are created by states and yet more often than not they assume powers that humble their creators. This paper presents a different metaphor to describe the Association of Southeast Asian Nations [ASEAN]. Created in 2007, ASEAN, it is argued, resembles the fetteredwayang kulitin Indonesian theatre. It is an international organization which is controlled by its Member States in various ways. This paper analyzes three forms of ASEAN's fetters: constitutional, extra-constitutional, and practical. Constitutional fetters refer to the structural control embedded in the ASEAN Charter. Extra-constitutional fetters refer to rules of procedure that close the openness of the constitutional text. Finally, practical fetters refer to the ways the Member States limit ASEAN's legal personality in practice. Through these control mechanisms, ASEAN has so far acted on the stage of world politics according to the narrative of its puppet masters.
Cover crop effects on horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) density and size inequality at the time of herbicide exposure
Authors: Wallace John M. , Curran William S. , Mortensen David A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProactive integrated weed management (IWM) is critically needed in no-till production to reduce the intensity of selection pressure for herbicide-resistant weeds. Reducing the density of emerged weed populations and the number of larger individuals within the population at the time of herbicide application are two practical management objectives when integrating cover crops as a complementary tactic in herbicide-based production systems. We examined the following demographic questions related to the effects of alternative cover-cropping tactics following small grain harvest on preplant, burndown management of horseweed (Erigeron canadensisL.) in no-till commodity-grain production: (1) Do cover crops differentially affectE. canadensisdensity and size inequality at the time of herbicide exposure? (2) Which cover crop response traits are drivers ofE. canadensissuppression at time of herbicide exposure? Interannual variation in growing conditions (study year) and intra-annual variation in soil fertility (low vs. high nitrogen) were the primary drivers of cover crop response traits and significantly affectedE. canadensisdensity at the time of herbicide exposure. In comparison to the fallow control, cover crop treatments reducedE. canadensisdensity 52% to 86% at the time of a preplant, burndown application. Cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) alone or in combination with forage radish (Raphanus sativusL.) provided the most consistentE. canadensissuppression. Fall and spring cover crop biomass production was negatively correlated withE. canadensisdensity at the preplant burndown application timing. Our results also show that winter-hardy cover crops reduce the size inequality ofE. canadensispopulations at the time of herbicide exposure by reducing the number of large individuals within the population. Finally, we advocate for advancement in our understanding of complementarity between cover crop– and herbicide-based management tactics in no-till systems to facilitate development of proactive, herbicide-resistant management strategies.