bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent Study of a Protoplanetary Disk with a Magnetic Prandtl Number
Authors: Gholipour Mahmoud 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Recent research on the exoplanets caused a particular focus on the protoplanetary disks (PPDs). The time evolution of a PPD gives us new insight on the planetary system around the central objects. Although the time dependency of a quasi-spherical disk has been considered in detail by many theoretical works, the time dependency of a PPD has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we consider the time evolution of the inner regions of a polytropic PPD with a toroidal magnetic field in the non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic regime. In this regime, we consider a magnetic Prandtl number for this disk that is the ratio of magnetic diffusivity to the viscosity. Also, we use a self-similar formalism to study the dynamical behavior of a PPD. Two variables, i.e., the independent self-similar variable (x) and dimensionless polytropic index (a), are mainly considered in the formulation of the problem. Therefore, we are able to consider both polytropic and isothermal cases in a unit formulation. The problem is solvable for small x in the isothermal case, where we obtain a new perspective on the dynamics of a PPD. Furthermore, we investigate the magnetic dissipation originated from the magnetic diffusivity, which is dependent on the magnetic Prandtl number, in the PPDs. The importance of this study is in the angular momentum transport and formation of planetesimal in a PPD.
X-Ray Line Profile Variations during Quasar Microlensing
Authors: Ledvina Lukáš , Heyrovský David , Dovčiak Michal 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Observations of several gravitationally microlensed quasars in X-rays revealed variations in the profile of the iron Kα line in the course of microlensing events. We explore the effect by simulating a microlensing caustic crossing a spatially resolved model of emission from a thin accretion disk around a Kerr black hole. We demonstrate the sequence of spectral changes during the event, in particular the appearance of additional peaks and edges in the line profile due to microlensing. We trace the origin of these features to points on the disk, at which the total energy shift (g-factor) contours are tangent to the caustic. Contours tangent from the inner side of the caustic generate peaks, while those tangent from its outer side generate edges. We derive analytical shapes of the generated features and map the peak strength as a function of position of the tangent point on the disk. Since the features are determined by the positional geometry of the caustic relative to the g-factor contours, the same type of behavior can be expected in a much broader range of emission models. The sequence of line profile changes thus serves as a sensitive probe of the geometry and physics of the innermost region of the quasar accretion disk.
Star Cluster Ages in the Gaia Era
Authors: Choi Jieun , Conroy Charlie , Ting Yuan-Sen , Cargile Phillip A. , Dotter Aaron , Johnson Benjamin D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We use the framework developed as part of the MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) project to assess the utility of several types of observables in jointly measuring the age and 1D stellar model parameters in star clusters. We begin with a pedagogical overview summarizing the effects of stellar model parameters, such as the helium abundance, mass-loss efficiency, and mixing-length parameter, on observational diagnostics such as the color–magnitude diagram, mass–radius relation, and surface abundances, among others. We find that these parameters and the stellar age influence observables in qualitatively distinctive, degeneracy-breaking ways. To assess the current state of affairs, we use the recent Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) along with data from the literature to investigate three well-studied old open clusters—NGC 6819, M67, NGC 6791—as case studies. Although there is no obvious tension between the existing observations and the MIST models for NGC 6819, there are interesting discrepancies in the cases of M67 and NGC 6791. At this time, parallax zero-point uncertainties in Gaia DR2 remain one of the limiting factors in the analysis of these clusters. With a combination of exquisite photometry, parallax distances, and cluster memberships from Gaia at the end of its mission, we anticipate precise and accurate ages for these and other star clusters in the Galaxy.
MASTER PLAN TO ROBUST PRACTICE: THE EVOLUTION OF SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE PRACTICES AT GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Ide Hyacinth , Rose Jessica 
Published: August 2018

INTRODUCTION Universities across the globe are recognizing the need to implement sustainable landscaping practices in order to support wildlife, improve water quality and positively impact human health and wellbeing. Georgia Institute of Technology learned that such sustainable practices, when properly aligned with overarching campus goals, can also enable continuous, collaborative decision-making and student engagement. The Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) is a leading research university situated on 426 acres of land in midtown Atlanta, Georgia, with a student population of 27,000 (Fall 2017). An urban oasis in the center of town, Georgia Tech's campus offers 312.5 landscaped acres, 3.5 naturalized acres and 110 acres of buildings. The campus is also a level II certified arboretum boasting 12,000+ trees in its urban forest. Prior to the 1990s, Georgia Tech was commonly referred to as a concrete and brick campus with very little landscape. However, in 1999 all that changed when the Georgia Tech administration decided to invest in sustainable landscaping, including the recruitment of qualified staff with specific skill sets to take on this challenge. The Institute's initial landscape master plan objectives were to reduce impervious surfaces such as surface parking lots, increase woodland coverage and enlarge the tree canopy. A significant amount of sustainable landscape practices and collaborative methods grew from these initial objectives. Establishing a plan with clear goals, having the support of executive leadership and employing the right team members enabled the Georgia Tech campus to be transformed from a concrete jungle to a forested, urban oasis in less than 20 years.
Pre-emergence growth and development in the arctic midge Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin
Authors: Butler Malcolm G. , Braegelman Shane D. 
Published: August 2018

Developing at low mean temperatures, arctic chironomids often have prolonged larval growth yet adult emergence is typically a brief and highly synchronous event. How does a midge population achieve synchronous emergence? Under the Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis (AbSS), adult eclosion by early-emerging species may be synchronized by overwintering as fully mature larvae. Such prepupal larvae would neither feed nor grow after spring thaw, only pupate and emerge. The podonomine Trichotanypus alaskensis Brundin is an abundant midge in tundra ponds on Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain, and one of the earliest-emerging species in this chironomid-dominated insect community. T. alaskensis is univoltine in these arctic ponds, with most emergence from any one pond occurring within less than a one-week span during late June, typically about three weeks after pond thaw. We evaluated T. alaskensis for conformity to the AbSS model by documenting the overwintering state of this species in a tundra pond near Barrow, Alaska, then monitoring larval growth and development of the population from spring thaw to pupation. Most T. alaskensis were immature instar IV larvae when collected in late September of both 2010 and 2011, with 10-30% still in late instar III. Immediately after pond thaw in 2011, all collected larvae had imaginal disc primordia showing early stages of instar IV development. Within the first two weeks following pond thaw, most larvae had doubled their dry mass and developed into mature (prepupal) final-instar larvae. Highly synchronized emergence by T. alaskensis is not a consequence of a population overwintering as fully-mature larvae, as per the Absolute Spring Species Hypothesis. Rather, larvae in a given tundra pond appear to develop synchronously throughout the life cycle, including a period of substantial growth and rapid prepupal development between spring thaw and early-summer emergence.
Short and Medium Latency Responses in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Sousa Andreia S. P. , Valente Isabel , Pinto Ana , Soutelo Tiago , Silva Márcia 
Published: August 2018

Context:
The determinant role of medium latency responses (MLRs) during compensatory postural adjustments in postural stability and the lack of clarity about the mechanisms behind chronic ankle instability (CAI) sustain the hypothesis that these postural responses are impaired in this condition. However, to the best of our knowledge, no authors have assessed MLRs in patients with CAI; most of the research regarding compensatory postural adjustments has been directed at the timing of short latency responses (SLRs).

Objective:
To evaluate bilateral compensatory postural responses, including SLRs and MLRs, in response to a unilateral simulated ankle-sprain mechanism in participants with CAI.

Design:
Case-control study.

Setting:
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Twenty-four participants with CAI and 20 controls.

Intervention(s):
Bilateral electromyography of the peroneus longus (PL), peroneus brevis, tibialis anterior (TA), and soleus (SOL) muscles was collected during a unilateral sudden-inversion perturbation (30°).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Muscle-onset activations and magnitudes of SLRs and MLRs in the support and perturbed positions.

Results:
Participants with CAI showed (1) later-onset activation of the TA and SOL in the uninjured limb and bilateral decreases in the magnitude of the TA MLR in the support position, (2) increased magnitude of the PL MLR in the uninjured limb in the support and perturbed positions, and (3) increased magnitude of the PL SLR and MLR in the injured limb in the perturbed position.

Conclusions:
Chronic ankle instability was associated with later TA and SOL activation in the uninjured limb and bilaterally decreased magnitude of the TA MLR in the support position.
The Lived Experiences of Retired Collegiate Athletes With a History of 1 or More Concussions
Authors: Cover Rebecca , Roiger Trevor , Zwart Mary Beth 
Published: August 2018

Context: Concussions remain misunderstood, underreported, and undiagnosed. Although most concussion symptoms resolve within 2 weeks, some patients experience persistent symptoms that adversely affect physical, emotional, social, or cognitive functioning or a combination of these. Minimal evidence delineating the effect of concussions on recently retired collegiate athletes currently exists.Objective: To examine the lived experiences of retired collegiate athletes with a history of 1 or more concussions to discern individual concussion histories, knowledge and perceptions of concussions, and postconcussion quality of life.Design: Qualitative study.Setting: Telephone interviews.Patients or Other Participants: Former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes (n = 14) with a history of 1 or more concussions and retired from 1 to 5 years.Data Collection and Analysis: Fourteen semistructured telephone interviews (8 men and 6 women) were audiotaped. Interviews were transcribed and inductively analyzed by 3 athletic trainers with 34 combined years of professional experience. Themes were negotiated through consensual review. Participant checks were completed to ensure trustworthiness of the findings.Results: Participants sustained their first concussion during adolescence and often experienced difficulties transitioning back into the postconcussion academic environment. Judgments of injury severity were clearly evident in participants' knowledge and perceptions of concussions. Participants experienced an array of emotional, physical, cognitive, and social challenges during the immediate postconcussion period but did not feel their concussion history decreased their current quality of life.Conclusions: Adolescent exposure to concussions is of concern due to the risk imposed on the developing brain and the potential for adverse outcomes later in life. Although a graduated return to play is heavily emphasized in concussion management, researchers need to investigate barriers inhibiting the implementation of return-to-learn protocols. Concussion education should aim to modify indifferent attitudes toward concussive injuries. Additionally, investigators should continue to assess how a history of concussion affects quality of life in recently retired collegiate athletes.
The Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Secondary School Athletic Trainers' Perceptions, Practices, and Barriers
Authors: Coulombe Brian J. , Games Kenneth E. , Eberman Lindsey E. 
Published: August 2018

Context
Incorporating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into daily routine is essential for patient-centered clinical practice. Secondary school athletic trainers (ATs) may encounter unique barriers that limit their willingness to use PROs.

Objective
To explore how secondary school ATs who were using PROs perceived their application, benefits, and problems compared with those who did not.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 2984 secondary school ATs received an e-mail invitation, and 322 completed the survey (response rate = 10.8%). Respondents were 43 ± 10 years old, with most indicating at least 11 years as a Board of Certification–certified AT (n = 276, 85.7%).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The ATs were invited to complete a Web-based survey regarding the uses and benefits of and problems with PROs. Those using PROs in clinical practice were asked their criteria for selecting the measures, whereas those not using PROs were asked their reasons for not using them. Dependent variables were endorsements of uses and benefits of and problems with PROs.

Results
The most commonly cited uses of PROs were determining treatment effectiveness (193/264, 73%) and demonstrating effectiveness to administration (174/264, 66%). Improving communication with the patient (267/296, 90%) and helping to direct the plan of care (256/297, 86%) were the most frequently endorsed benefits of PROs. Time to score and analyze (152/284, 53%) and time for patients to complete (134/284, 47%) PROs were the problems encountered most often. For ATs not using PROs (223/262, 85%), the most frequent reason was the lack of a support structure (102/219, 46%). For ATs using PROs (39/262, 15%), quick completion times (32/39, 82%) was the most common criterion used to select individual measures.

Conclusions
A majority of secondary school ATs recognized the benefits of PROs and yet did not use them in clinical practice due to setting-specific barriers.
Prophetic preaching in the socio-economic and socio-political crisis of Zimbabwe
Authors: Fenga Vincent F. , Wepener Cas 
Published: August 2018

In Zimbabwe, there are different preachers who have great names, but when it comes to prophetic preaching they lag behind as compared to South Africa, which has great preachers in prophetic preaching like Desmond Tutu. In this era, however, we are challenged with a situation of socio-economic and socio-political crisis: the enormous poverty among approximately 95% of the population. This article discusses the circumstances for prophetic preaching in the contemporary context of Zimbabwe, which are a clear understanding of the poverty position and cohesion of the church with the poor, a good understanding of the image of prophetic preaching as a specific type of preaching that encompasses the four elements of preaching: the preacher, as well as the congregation (hearers), the sermon and the Holy Spirit for prophetic preaching.Interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary implications: This article discusses the circumstances for prophetic preaching in the context of Zimbabwe, which are a clear understanding of the poverty position and cohesion of the church with the poor. In our analysis of prophetic preaching in Zimbabwe, the emphasis is put on prophecy, healing, deliverance and prosperity. This article argues that prophetic preaching is approaching the biblical text with a view to interpret it as preaching in a context of poverty. It should be done from the perspective of the poor, therefore in terms of their need for justice and righteousness.
The Icons of Military Saints in Rus’. An Attempt at Classifying Iconographic Types from before the Beginning of the 17th Century
Authors: Zielińska Paulina 
Published: August 2018

Depictions of military martyrs were among the most popular subjects in icon painting in Rus’. Between the 11th and the 17th century local workshops adopted canonical Byzantine models and gradually developed and changed them depending on local factors and conditions. The present article attempts to classify the most common iconographic types and to describe the dynamic of the changes in the iconographic canon on the basis of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of extant and known works.
Nuevos usos espaciales en las estaciones ferroviarias de alta velocidad/New space use of high speed railway stations
Authors: Soria Caceres Carlos Hugo 
Published: August 2018

RESUMENLas infraestructuras de transporte presentes sobre el territorio condicionan las relaciones sociales y de comunicación de muchos espacios. Grandes estaciones, puertos o aeropuertos se presentan como ejes de centralidad sobre los que se distribuyen flujos de mercancías y personas, configurando a su vez el diseño y la funcionalidad de las ciudades. Hoy en día, con el avance producido en sectores como el ferrocarril de alta velocidad, las estaciones han transformado su función principal de nudo de intercambio, proyectándose como nuevos espacios comerciales y de negocio. En este artículo se analiza este nuevo fenómeno de transformación espacial y social vinculado a la alta velocidad ferroviaria, focalizando su ámbito en España. Se desgrana a su vez el papel de las comunidades sociales, políticas y empresariales para la ciudad y el espacio público presentes en las nuevas estaciones de ferroviarias. Palabras clave: ferrocarril; espacio público; urbanismo. ABSTRACTThis work aims to discuss the transport infrastructures presents on the territory and the conditions to the social and communication relations of many spaces. Large stations, ports or airports are presented as axes of centrality on which flows of goods and people are distributed, configuring in turn the design and functionality of cities. Nowadays, with the advance produced in sectors such as high-speed rail, the stations have transformed their main function as an exchange hub, projecting themselves as new commercial and business spaces. This article analyzes this new phenomenon of spatial and social transformation linked to high-speed rail, focusing its scope in Spain. At the same time, the role of the social, political and business communities for the city and the public space present in the new railway stations.Keywords: railroad; public space; urbanism.
ОБЛАСТЬ ТВЕРДОГО РАСТВОРА (Y1-XBIX)3(FE1-YGAY)5O12 НА ДИАГРАММЕ ЙЕНЕКЕ, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Смирнова М.Н. , Нипан Г.Д. , Никифорова Г.Е. 
Published: August 2018

Синтезированы и исследованы методом рентгенофазового анализа ферриты со структурой граната брутто-состава (Y1-xBix)3(Fe1-yGay)5O12 (0 х 1, 0 y 1). Показана взаимосвязь между увеличением концентрации катионов Ga3+ и повышением растворимости Bi2O3 в ss-Y3(Fe, Ga)5O12.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ИОНОВ EU2+ И GD3+ В ФТОРГАФНАТНОМ СТЕКЛЕ МЕТОДОМ ЭПР, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Бреховских М.Н. , Солодовников С.П. , Моисеева Л.В. , Жидкова И.А. , Федоров В.А. 
Published: August 2018

Исследованы ЭПР-спектры фторгафнатных стекол типа ZBLAN на примере состава 58HfF4 · 20BaF2 · · 2LaF3 · 3AlF3 · 17NaF, активированных европием и гадолинием. Впервые количественно оценивалось отношение концентрации свободных ионов Eu2+ и Gd3+ к их концентрации в кластерах. Обнаружено, что с уменьшением концентрации активаторов доля свободных ионов существенно возрастает. При концентрациях 1.25 мол. % EuF2 и 1 мол. % GdF3 ионы активаторов в основном находятся в кластерных образованиях и лишь малая часть в виде индивидуальных ионов, тогда как при 0.1 мол. % EuF2 концентрации свободных и кластерных ионов сопоставимы.
КЕРАМИКА НА ОСНОВЕ ПОРОШКОВЫХ СМЕСЕЙ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ГИДРОФОСФАТЫ КАЛЬЦИЯ И СОЛИ НАТРИЯ (NA2CO3, NA4P2O7, NAPO3), "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Сафронова Т.В. , Путляев В.И. , Филиппов Я.Ю. , Шаталова Т.Б. , Набережный Д. О. , Насриддинов А. Ф. , Ларионов Д.С. 
Published: August 2018

Керамику в системе Na2O-CaO-P2O5 получали из порошковых смесей, включающих гидрофосфаты кальция (монетит/брушит, CaHPO4/CaHPO4.2H2O) и соли натрия (Na2CO3.Н2О, Na4P2O7.10Н2О, NaPO3). Указанные соли были взяты в качестве прекурсоров следующих высокотемпературных фаз: Сa2P2O7, Na2O, Na4P2O7, NaPO3. Количество добавок солей в порошковой смеси было рассчитано таким образом, чтобы оксидный состав керамики соответствовал 10 мол.% оксида натрия для каждой смеси в системе Na2O-CaO-P2O5. Порошковые смеси готовили с использованием механической активации в ацетоне, при проведении которой наблюдали явление регидратации монетита до брушита. По данным РФА, после обжига фазовый состав керамики из подготовленных порошковых смесей принадлежал области Сa2P2O7-NaCaPO4-Na2СaP2O7-Са(РО3)2. Полученные керамические материалы включают биосовместимые резорбируемые фазы и могут быть рекомендованы для изготовления костных имплантатов.
БАЗАЛЬНЫЕ МОРЕНЫ. СООБЩЕНИЕ 1. ВАЖНЕЙШИЕ ЛИТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ, "Литология и полезные ископаемые"
Authors: Эпштейн О. Г. 
Published: August 2018

Фациальный комплекс базальных морен с гляциодинамическими текстурами (обычные базальные морены) доминирует среди отложений данного генетического типа. Эти морены представляют собой ледниковые диамиктоны исключительно изменчивого строения и литологического состава. Отдельные их признаки характерны и для осадков других генетических типов. Поэтому методически корректным является всестороннее тщательное изучение пластов ледниковых диамиктонов и особенностей их залегания на ложе (рыхлом или скальном) в пределах крупных обнажений. Только такие исследования позволяют выявить широкий комплекс специфических признаков, свойственных обычным базальным моренам.
ФОСФИДЫ В БАЗАЛЬТАХ ПОДВОДНЫХ ВУЛКАНИЧЕСКИХ ПОСТРОЕК ЯПОНСКОГО МОРЯ, "Литология и полезные ископаемые"
Authors: Съедин В.Т. , Колесник О.Н. , Ярощук Е. И. 
Published: August 2018

Приведены данные рентгеноспектрального микроанализа зерен фосфидов, впервые обнаруженных в базальтах вулканических построек Японского моря. Находка фосфидов может служить доказательством эндогенного источника фосфора и, как следствие, вулканогенно-гидротермального происхождения фосфоритов Японского моря.