bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capital structure as a control mechanism of a CSR entrenchment strategy
Authors: Villarón-Peramato Oscar , García-Sánchez Isabel-María , Martínez-Ferrero Jennifer 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the use of level of debt as an external control mechanism against an entrenchment strategy based on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a database of 1,916 international companies for the years 2002 to 2010.FindingsThe evidence obtained confirms in a context of asymmetric information, bounded rationality and divergent interests, the use of debt as a control mechanism of managers’ discretionary comportment. In other words, CSR practices can be used by managers as an entrenchment strategy and self-defence with the aim of decreasing the possibility of being identified by those shareholders and stakeholders whose interests have been damaged. In this context, the market demands higher debt levels to solve agency frictions, playing an active role in monitoring the management. Moreover, the demand of higher debt as a control mechanism that minimises the expropriation risk by managers through CSR is lower in contexts of greater investor protection.Originality/valueThe findings reveal that CSR engagement can be explained by the hypothesis of being a strategy of entrenchment and self-defence. Overall, this study differs from previous literature in this field by taking an alternative approach to CSR practices, in contrast to the conventional wisdom of the benefits of CSR practices. The authors contribute by empirically testing the theoretical model proposed by Cespa and Cestone (2007) who suggest the discretionary use of CSR from an agency perspective. They also give empirical relief showing the use of CSR as an entrenchment strategy. Moreover, they demonstrate that the capital market of debt decreases in a context with a greater degree of investor protection, likewise under CSR promoted as an entrenchment tool, the demand for debt as a disciplinary mechanism is less necessary to control managers. In addition, the study is enriched by the database analysis.
Lean manufacturing implementation: leadership styles and contextual variables
Authors: Tortorella Guilherme Luz , de Castro Fettermann Diego , Frank Alejandro , Marodin Giuliano 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand how the association between leadership styles (task or relation orientation) and lean manufacturing (LM) implementation changes due to two contextual variables, team size and the leader’s age.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors carried out a survey with 225 leaders from different Brazilian companies that are implementing LM. Research constructs were validated through rigorous procedures using confirmatory factor analysis. Hypotheses were tested using ordinary linear least squares regression.

Findings
The results suggest that larger teams and more senior managers were negatively associated with LM implementation. Task-orientation style makes leaders more likely to achieve higher levels of LM than relation-orientation style leaders. Finally, the influence of relation-oriented leaders on LM implementation is contingent upon the size of the team.

Research limitations/implications
Regarding study’s limitations, sample size and respondents’ location restrict results to this contextual condition, indicating that increasing the sample would help provide wider and more generalizable results. It is also worth noting that results are based on respondents’ (leaders) perspective. Hence, future studies may collect data from multiple perspectives, such as leaders and their followers, in order to compare results so as to verify the convergence or divergence among different respondents.

Practical implications
The results suggest that leaders should have different behaviors according to the context in which they are inserted. Therefore, such behavioral prescriptions are useful for managers since they are pressured to achieve high operational performance in short time periods and with few resources. Further, companies undergoing lean implementation may also be able to stimulate proper leadership behaviors and promote development programs accordingly, which is extremely relevant since behavioral changes usually take time.

Originality/value
The evolutionary process for achieving a successful lean enterprise requires different leadership styles according to the context in which leaders are inserted. This research provides arguments to help better understand the recommended leadership behaviors for lean implementation, complementing existing roadmaps by considering the proper leadership style as a contingency issue during lean implementation. Moreover, identifying the effect of contextual variables helps specify the contexts in which lean practices are more likely to be implemented.
A call for co-working – users’ expectations regarding learning spaces in higher education
Authors: Sankari Inka , Peltokorpi Antti , Nenonen Suvi 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Today, academic work includes increasingly informal and collaborative activities. This research attempts to determine whether stakeholders in the development of learning spaces in higher education could benefit from the principles of co-working space. This paper aims to determine whether a need exists for co-working space as a learning space solution from the viewpoint of academic space users. This determination will be made by examining the following research question: How does the co-working space concept meet user expectations regarding academic space?

Design/methodology/approach
The research question is answered by investigating users’ experiences of existing learning spaces in higher education in light of future workplace needs. Users’ requirements are examined by analysing user experience survey and interviews. The results are confirmed by focus group interviews and examined in the light of co-working space characteristics that are identified in the literature from the viewpoint of workplace management by searching for similarities between descriptions in the literature and the empirical data.

Findings
This research suggests that academic space users would appreciate it if the spaces they use would reflect some of the co-working space characteristics. These characteristics are community, multipurpose office, high accessibility and attractive workplace. A less applicable co-working space characteristic is space as service.

Research limitations/implications
The results of this study are based on one case, which limits the generalisability of the results.

Practical implications
The results provide suggestions for corporate real estate management and stakeholders in academic institutions to consider when renovating outdated spaces.

Originality/value
The paper expands the literature on learning spaces in higher education and related practices by linking it with co-working spaces, thereby contributing to a field that has not yet been explored in depth.
The entrepreneurial ecosystem and born globals: the Estonian context
Authors: Velt Hannes , Torkkeli Lasse , Saarenketo Sami 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a framework of the elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the context of born global start-ups. The study also applies this framework to uncover the ecosystem elements that impact start-ups during their initial phases of discovery and validation.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used an online survey questionnaire sent out to several Estonian start-ups. Based on the responses, a dataset was developed and analysed using STATA and t-test methodology.

Findings
The analysis resulted in the identification of seven systemic ecosystem elements as the main factors impacting the launch and ten elements impacting the growth of born global start-ups. The systemic elements that comprise the ecosystem’s strengths and weaknesses were also identified.

Research limitations/implications
The cross-sectional nature of the survey method and the single-country context are noted as limitations of the study and offer future research potential for longitudinal settings, for mixed method studies and for comparative country data.

Practical implications
The study suggests that start-ups should function in a more collective manner to create platforms, promote one another’s products and services where possible and launch collective initiatives to enhance their visibility in the global context. Born globals should engage with their local entrepreneurial ecosystem, while remaining aware of its relative strengths and weaknesses for supporting internationalisation.

Social implications
Although the local ecosystem involves many stakeholders, this study helps identify key stakeholders that should be focused on by the government. Doing so will help create an increasingly comprehensive ecosystem at the national level – one that functions efficiently in supporting growth-seeking enterprises such as born globals.

Originality/value
This study combines the two research streams of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and born globals by directly connecting them with systemic elements. This study is, to our knowledge, the first to combine the two, thus making an added contribution by highlighting macro- and micro-viewpoints, with the former lacking in research on born globals and the latter in research on ecosystems. Thus, the present study helps in bringing venture creation and local ecosystem development research closer to each other.
Socially creative activities in Psychologically Informed Planned Environments: engaging and relating in the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway
Authors: Ryan Sue , Benefield Nick , Baker Vikki 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Major developments in the management of and intervention for people with significant personality difficulties who have offended are continuing, most recently with the implementation of the Offender Personality Disorder (Department of Health/National Offender Management Service (DoH/NOMS), 2011) Pathway. Included in this, is the Psychologically Informed Planned Environment model, currently being implemented in Prisons and Probation Approved Premises. This model includes the provision of “socially creative activities” (Benefield et al., 2018), opportunities for social learning and relationship building. The purpose of this paper is to explore the rationale for and examples of the implementation of these.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper offers a narrative review of research around child development, personality, social learning and the policy context around the OPD Pathway. An overview of the socially creative sessions and a rationale for them is provided.

Findings
A conceptual understanding of the rationale for socially creative sessions is provided with a description of the sessions that focussed upon development of imagination, narrative/story making, social expression and relational experiences, i.e. singing, drama and reading with others. It is argued that the activities offered opportunities to engage in a different medium for expression, learning and relating, that may provide a catalyst for change in individuals with entrenched motivational and interpersonal difficulties.

Research limitations/implications
This is a conceptual paper that provides a rationale for socially creative sessions and describes the sessions. This paper does not feature outcome data which are outside the remit of this paper; however, future research into the impact of this approach to aid relational development and assist in emotional and behavioural stability is essential.

Practical implications
The complex needs of this client group emphasise the need for services to offer holistic ways to engage people who can have a positive impact upon relationships.

Originality/value
The work presented in this paper is valuable for professionals working within the personality disorder and criminal justice field, also for policy makers and commissioners.
An evaluation of the reablement service programme on physical ability, care needs and care plan packages
Authors: Slater Paul , Hasson Felicity 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
In response to an aging population and rising prevalence of disability, reablement initiatives have been introduced yet the evidence base concerning the long-term effects remains inconclusive. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of reablement on physical independence, care plans and care packages post-discharge for older adults.

Design/methodology/approach
A retrospective cohort design was used to examine patient records who had completed a reablement programme. Measures on internationally renowned and psychometrically strong tools, completed by trained healthcare professionals, were examined pre-and post-intervention with a consecutive sample (n=416) of participants since the introduction of the reablement programme.

Findings
Reablement had a significant impact on physical independence living scores and a corresponding reduction in care needs and care plans post-discharge enabling the person to stay at home.

Originality/value
The study’s findings present empirical evidence on the value of reablement health service programme developed to promote independent living at home following a short illness, for older people. While no examination of financial data was recorded in this study, the increase in physical ability and corresponding reduction in care needs and care plans post-discharge indicates a reduction in costs and a better standard of living.
Shipbuilding and economic cycles: a non-linear econometric approach
Authors: Ferrari Claudio , Marchese Malvina , Tei Alessio 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Economic studies have always underlined the cyclical trends of many industries and their different relations to the macro-economic cycles. Shipping is one of those industries and it has been often characterised by peaks that have influenced both the trade patterns and industry investment structure (e.g. fleet, shipyard activity, freight rates). One of the main issues related with the cycles is the effect on overcapacity and prices for newbuilding and how the understanding of these patterns can help in preventing short-hand strategies. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate different effects of business elements on shipbuilding activity, in relation to different economic-cycle phases.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a non-linear econometric model to identify the relations between shipbuilding and economic cycles over the past 30 years. The research focuses on identifying the cycle characteristics and understanding the asymmetrical effect of economic- and business-related variables on its development.

Findings
The study underlines the presence of an asymmetric effect of several business variables on the shipbuilding productions, depending on the cyclical phases (i.e. market expansion or economic slowdown). Moreover, lagged effects seem to be stronger than contemporaneous variables.

Originality/value
The paper is a first attempt of using non-linear modelling to shipbuilding cycles, giving indications that could be included in relevant investment policies.
Growth and job creation at the firm level: Swedish SME data
Authors: Yazdanfar Darush , Öhman Peter 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the association between firm sales growth and employment level as a proxy for job creation among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were empirically examined by performing several univariate and multivariate regressions to investigate a large panel data set of 13,548 Swedish SMEs in four industry sectors in the four-year period from 2009 to 2012.FindingsThe results indicate that growth, in terms of sales, as a competitive advantage is positively related to the number of employees hired by the sampled firms. In addition, the size and age variables are also positively associated with the number of employees hired. The results support the suitability of implementing the resource-based view to explain job creation by SMEs.Originality/valueWhile previous studies have mostly ignored the impact of these firm-level variables on job creation, the current study highlights the effect of firm-specific characteristics such as sales growth, size, age and industry. The authors use a combination of models to analyse a large cross-sectoral data set regarding the association, in SMEs, between the firms’ sales growth and job creation.
Semantic Disclosure Control: semantics meets data privacy
Authors: Batet Montserrat , Sánchez David 
Published: March 2018

PurposeTo overcome the limitations of purely statistical approaches to data protection, the purpose of this paper is to propose Semantic Disclosure Control (SeDC): an inherently semantic privacy protection paradigm that, by relying on state of the art semantic technologies, rethinks privacy and data protection in terms of the meaning of the data.Design/methodology/approachThe need for data protection mechanisms able to manage data from a semantic perspective is discussed and the limitations of statistical approaches are highlighted. Then, SeDC is presented by detailing how it can be enforced to detect and protect sensitive data.FindingsSo far, data privacy has been tackled from a statistical perspective; that is, available solutions focus just on the distribution of the data values. This contrasts with the semantic way by which humans understand and manage (sensitive) data. As a result, current solutions present limitations both in preventing disclosure risks and in preserving the semantics (utility) of the protected data.Practical implicationsSeDC captures more general, realistic and intuitive notions of privacy and information disclosure than purely statistical methods. As a result, it is better suited to protect heterogenous and unstructured data, which are the most common in current data release scenarios. Moreover, SeDC preserves the semantics of the protected data better than statistical approaches, which is crucial when using protected data for research.Social implicationsIndividuals are increasingly aware of the privacy threats that the uncontrolled collection and exploitation of their personal data may produce. In this respect, SeDC offers an intuitive notion of privacy protection that users can easily understand. It also naturally captures the (non-quantitative) privacy notions stated in current legislations on personal data protection.Originality/valueOn the contrary to statistical approaches to data protection, SeDC assesses disclosure risks and enforces data protection from a semantic perspective. As a result, it offers more general, intuitive, robust and utility-preserving protection of data, regardless their type and structure.
How do social network sites support product users’ knowledge construction? A study of LinkedIn
Authors: Li Xuguang , Cox Andrew , Wang Zefeng 
Published: March 2018

PurposeSocial network sites are emerging as a popular communication tool for knowledge sharing and construction. LinkedIn, which concentrates on professional networking, is reported to generate great informational benefits to its users. The purpose of this paper is to explore product users’ knowledge construction in solving technical problems on LinkedIn, which was chosen as a case example.Design/methodology/approachDiscussion threads with rich knowledge elements were selected from an interest group about solving technical problems with laptops. Adopting a qualitative content analysis method, selected threads were analysed with a prior analysis framework built in the context of traditional IT company sponsored peer user support forums.FindingsThe analysis revealed that the iterative and progressive knowledge construction process and associated trial-and-error strategy used on LinkedIn are similar to those found in peer support forums. However, LinkedIn members are more engaged in knowledge construction episodes. Meanwhile, the sub-category “proposing a new idea” accounts for a larger portion of discussions reflecting the high-level of expertise. One-to-one direct interaction is quite salient. Therefore, LinkedIn can support knowledge construction in a more efficient way due to the character of its social capital, including trust, sense of belonging, norms of cooperation, visible identity, knowledge articulation skills, one-to-one direct interaction and suitable strength of ties.Originality/valueThis research is novel in empirically revealing how LinkedIn attributes and its social capital attributes interact with each other and together facilitate an efficient knowledge construction process.
Cost‐effectiveness of hydromorphone for severe opioid use disorder: findings from the SALOME randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bansback Nick , Guh Daphne , Oviedo‐Joekes Eugenia , Brissette Suzanne , Harrison Scott , Janmohamed Amin , Krausz Michael , MacDonald Scott , Marsh David C. , Schechter Martin T. , Anis Aslam H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsPrevious research has found diacetylmorphine, delivered under supervision, to be cost‐effective in the treatment of severe opioid use disorder, but diacetylmorphine is not available in many settings. The Study to Assess Long‐term Opioid Maintenance Effectiveness (SALOME) randomized controlled trial provided evidence that injectable hydromorphone is non‐inferior to diacetylmorphine. The current study aimed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of hydromorphone directly with diacetylmorphine and indirectly with methadone maintenance treatment.DesignA within‐trial analysis was conducted using the patient level data from the 6‐month, double‐blind, non‐inferiority SALOME trial. A life‐time analysis extrapolated costs and outcomes using a decision analytical cohort model. The model incorporated data from a previous trial to include an indirect comparison to methadone maintenance.SettingA supervised clinic in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ParticipantsA total of 202 long‐term street opioid injectors who had at least two attempts at treatment, including one with methadone (or other substitution), were randomized to hydromorphone (n = 100) or diacetylmorphine (n = 102).MeasurementsWe measured the utilization of drugs, visits to health professionals, hospitalizations, criminal activity, mortality and quality of life. This enabled us to estimate incremental costs, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and cost‐effectiveness ratios from a societal perspective. Sensitivity analyses considered different sources of evidence, assumptions and perspectives.FindingsThe within‐trial analysis found hydromorphone provided similar QALYs to diacetylmorphine [0.377, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.361–0.393 versus 0.375, 95% CI = 0.357–0.391], but accumulated marginally greater costs [$49 830 ($28 401–73 637) versus $34 320 ($21 780–55 998)]. The life‐time analysis suggested that both diacetylmorphine and hydromorphone provide more benefits than methadone [8.4 (7.4–9.5) and 8.3 (7.2–9.5) versus 7.4 (6.5–8.3) QALYs] at lower cost [$1.01 million ($0.6–1.59 million) and $1.02 million ($0.72–1.51 million) versus $1.15 million ($0.71–1.84 million)].ConclusionsIn patients with severe opioid use disorder enrolled into the SALOME trial, injectable hydromorphone provided similar outcomes to injectable diacetylmorphine. Modelling outcomes during a patient's life‐time suggested that injectable hydromorphone might provide greater benefit than methadone alone and may be cost‐saving, with drug costs being offset by costs saved from reduced involvement in criminal activity.