bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemically Processed Porous V2O5 Thin‐Film Cathodes for High‐Performance Thin‐film Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Jingli , Cao Mengjue , Naresh Nibagani , Borah Jnanraj , Li Shuhui , Wang Tianlei , Sarma Bimal K. , Yao Jianfeng , Parkin Ivan P. , Boruah Buddha Deka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThin‐film rechargeable batteries have a wide range of applications due to their unique properties such as small size, thinness, and the ability to power smart devices, including portable electronic devices, medical devices, smart cards, RFID tags, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Processing thin‐film electrodes for these batteries generally relies on standard physical vapor deposition technologies. However, producing porous thin‐films using these techniques presents significant challenges. Here, a rapid and cost‐effective chemical route for processing porous vanadium oxide (V2O5) thin‐film cathodes for application in Zinc‐ion‐based thin‐film batteries (Zn‐TFBs) is explored. The V2O5 precursor process uses an industrially viable spraying technique, which not only offers impressive charge storage performance of an areal capacity of 47.34 µAh cm−2, areal energy of 50.18 µWh cm−2, and areal power of 53 µW cm−2 at 50 µA cm−2 in the optimized gel‐electrolyte composition. This study introduces a cost‐effective and industrially viable method for processing highly porous thin‐film cathodes, enabling the production of high‐performance, affordable, and safer thin‐film batteries.
Dual Near‐Infrared‐Response S‐Scheme Heterojunction with Asymmetric Adsorption Sites for Enhanced Nitrogen Photoreduction
Authors: Li Jiaxin , Zhang Chaoqi , Bao Tong , Xi Yamin , Yuan Ling , Zou Yingying , Bi Yin , Liu Chao , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (PNRR) holds immense promise for sustainable ammonia (NH3) synthesis. However, few photocatalysts can utilize NIR light that carries over 50% of the solar energy for NH3 production with high performance. Herein, a dual NIR‐responsive S‐scheme ZnCoSx/Fe3S4 heterojunction photocatalyst is designed with asymmetric adsorption sites and excellent PNRR performance. The heterojunction possesses a hollow‐on‐hollow superstructure: Fe3S4 nanocrystal‐modified ZnCoSx nanocages as building blocks assemble into spindle‐shaped particles with a spindle‐like cavity. Both Fe3S4 and ZnCoSx are NIR active, allowing efficient utilization of full‐spectrum light. Moreover, an S‐scheme heterojunction is constructed that promotes charge separation. In addition, the Fe/Co dual‐metal sites at the interface enable an asymmetric side‐on adsorption mode of N2, favoring the polarization and activation of N2 molecules. In combination with the promoted mass transfer and active site exposure of hollow superstructure, a superior PNRR performance is achieved, with a high NH3 evolution rate of 2523.4 µmol g−1 h−1, an apparent quantum yield of 9.4% at 400 nm and 8% at 1000 nm, and a solar‐to‐chemical conversion efficiency of 0.32%. The work paves the way for the rational design of advanced heterojunction catalysts for PNRR.
Magnetothermal Shape‐Morphing of Thermoset Structures
Authors: Chen Zhiqiang , Wang Xubin , Li Zhen , Wei Huangsan , Tang Jingda , Wang Tiejun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractShape‐morphing of thermosets is challenging due to their permanently cross‐linked polymer network structure. Here, a magnetothermal shape‐morphing strategy is proposed for complex thermoset structures via reshaping, assembly, and shape memory. The thermoset composite is fabricated by adding magnetic nanoparticles into dynamically cross‐linked thermoset resin, which imparts magnetothermal effect and reprocessability under an alternating magnetic field. Epoxy composites are prepared with various weight fractions of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and their magnetothermal and thermomechanical properties are studied. For a composite with 15 wt% Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the glass transition temperature Tg is 62 °C, and the topology freezing transition temperature Tv is 175 °C. An alternating magnetic field with a working power of 2000 W can generate a temperature of 156 °C, enabling bond exchange reactions and stress relaxation in the dynamically cross‐linked epoxy resin. Magnetothermal reshaping and bonding facilitate the assembly of complex‐shaped structures from simple units, while magnetothermal shape memory provides rapid actuation deformation responses within 60 s. Various examples of magnetothermal shape‐morphing of complex thermoset structures, including grasper, origami, and octopus‐inspired functional structures, are demonstrated. The results indicate that the present shape‐morphing strategy provides advantages such as remote control, high efficiency, flexible design, and straightforward structural fabrication.
A Fully Integrated Orthodontic Aligner With Force Sensing Ability for Machine Learning‐Assisted Diagnosis
Authors: Feng Hao , Song Wenhao , Li Ruyi , Yang Linxin , Chen Xiaoxuan , Guo Jiajun , Liao Xuan , Ni Lei , Zhu Zhou , Chen Junyu , Pei Xibo , Li Yijun , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCurrently, the diagnosis of malocclusion is a highly demanding process involving complicated examinations of the dental occlusion, which increases the demand for innovative tools for occlusal data monitoring. Nevertheless, continuous wireless monitoring within the oral cavity is challenging due to limitations in sampling and device size. In this study, by embedding high‐performance piezoelectric sensors into the occlusal surfaces using flexible printed circuits, a fully integrated, flexible, and self‐contained transparent aligner is developed. This aligner exhibits excellent sensitivity for occlusal force detection, with a broad detection threshold and continuous pressure monitoring ability at eight distinct sites. Integrated with machine learning algorithm, this fully integrated aligner can also identify and track adverse oral habits that can cause/exacerbate malocclusion, such as lip biting, thumb sucking, and teeth grinding. This system achieved 95% accuracy in determining malocclusion types by analyzing occlusal data from over 1400 malocclusion models. This fully‐integrated sensing system, with wireless monitoring and machine learning processing, marks a significant advancement in the development of intraoral wearable sensors. Moreover, it can also facilitate remote orthodontic monitoring and evaluation, offering a new avenue for effective orthodontic care.
Dimerized Pentamethine Cyanines for Synergistically Boosting Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Huang Haiqiao , Liu Qiang , Zhu Jing‐Hui , Tong Yunkang , Huang Daipeng , Zhou Danhong , Long Saran , Wang Lei , Li Mingle , Chen Xiaoqiang , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged promising applications in both fundamental research and clinical trials. However, it remains challenging to develop ideal photosensitizers (PSs) that concurrently integrate high photostability, large near‐infrared absorptivity, and efficient therapeutic capabilities. Herein, we reported a sample engineering strategy to afford a benzene‐fused Cy5 dimer (Cy‐D‐5) for synergistically boosting PDT/PTT applications. Intriguingly, Cy‐D‐5 exhibits a tendency to form both J‐aggregates and H‐aggregates in phosphate‐buffered saline, which show a long‐wavelength absorption band bathochromically shifted to 810 nm and a short‐wavelength absorption band hypsochromically shifted to 745 nm, respectively, when compared to its behavior in ethanol (778 nm). Density‐functional theory calculations combined with time‐resolved transient optical spectroscopy analysis reveal that the fused dimer Cy‐D‐5 exhibits a low ΔEST (0.51 eV) and efficient non‐radiative transition rates (12.6 times greater than that of the clinically approved PS‐indocyanine green [PS‐ICG]). Furthermore, the Cy‐D‐5 demonstrates a higher photosensitizing ability to produce 1O2, stronger photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 64.4%), and higher photostability compared with ICG. These combined properties enable Cy‐D‐5 to achieve complete tumor ablation upon 808 nm laser irradiation, highlighting its potential as a powerful and dual‐function phototherapeutic agent. This work may offer a practical strategy for engineering other existing dyes to a red‐shifted spectral range for various phototherapy applications.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Indoles and 7‐Azaindoles via Sequential Alkynylation and Cyclization of 2‐Iodo‐N‐mesylarylamines and Alkynes in the Presence of Cu2O
Authors: Ali Ahmed R. , Hu Longqin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA one‐pot process was developed to synthesize in moderate to high yield a series of 2‐substituted indoles and 7‐azaindoles starting from 2‐iodo‐N‐mesylarylamines and terminal alkynes in the presence of Cu2O in DMF at 90–120 °C. Without isolation of any intermediate, our optimized conditions enabled the introduction of ester, phenyl, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, N‐Boc‐aminomethyl, and methyl at the 2‐postion of indoles and 7‐azaindoles. The reaction tolerates a variety of substrates containing halogens, or acid‐ or base‐sensitive functional groups without requiring a Pd catalyst, a ligand, or a base.
Propeller‐Shaped Blatter‐Based Triradicals: Distortion‐Free Triangular Spin System and Spin‐State‐Dependent Photophysical Properties
Authors: Aoki Takero , Sotome Hikaru , Shimizu Daiki , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Matsuda Kenji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis and properties of triptycene‐based C3v‐ and Cs‐symmetric stable triradicals. SQUID magnetometry showed the propeller‐shaped triradicals were both an antiferromagnetic equilateral triangle spin system with small spin‐spin interactions J/kB~−120 K and −106 K, leading to ca. 4/6 coexistence of the doublet/quartet states in thermal equilibrium at room temperature. The triradicals exhibited characteristic NIR absorption bands reaching 1000 nm, which was solely ascribed to the triradical in the doublet state by variable‐temperature spectroscopic studies and quantum chemical calculations. Taking advantage of the spin‐specific absorption feature, we found that the triradicals in the low‐spin state undergo symmetry‐breaking charge transfer, while those in the high‐spin state fall into a monoradical‐like excited state.
The Human Cornea: Unraveling Its Structural, Chemical, and Biochemical Complexities
Authors: Raut Arun Kumar , Mohapatra Sonali , SiddiquI Gufran , Rajak Suraj Kumar , Sonar Rohini , Basu Sayan , Joshi Vineet , Singh Vivek 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe cornea, the transparent part of the anterior eye, is vital for light refraction and vision. This review examines the intricate chemical and biochemical interactions essential for maintaining corneal transparency and highlights significant advancements in corneal biology. The cornea comprises five layers: the epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium, each contributing uniquely to its structure and function. The epithelium, maintained by limbal stem cells, serves as a barrier and interacts with the tear film to maintain ocular surface health. The stroma, abundant in organized collagen fibrils and regulated by proteoglycans, is crucial for corneal clarity and biomechanical integrity, whereas the endothelium regulates corneal hydration and nutrition. Recent imaging advances have improved visualization of these molecular structures, enhancing our understanding of collagen organization and cross‐linking. Proteoglycans such as decorin and lumican regulate collagen spacing and hydration, directly influencing corneal clarity. Biochemical processes within the cornea involve signaling molecules, growth factors, and cytokines, which are essential for wound healing, inflammation, and injury response. Despite progress, questions remain regarding corneal wound healing mechanisms, the impact of oxidative stress, and the roles of microRNAs. This review synthesizes recent discoveries to advance our understanding of corneal physiology and biochemical functions.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computational Studies of Schiff's Base Derivatives of 4‐(4‐Amino‐5‐Mercapto‐4H‐1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐Yl)Benzenesulfonamide as Cathepsin B Inhibitors
Authors: Monika  , Chander  , Kaur Prabhjot , Raghav Neera , Sharma Pawan K. , Ram Sita 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA library of benzenesulfonamide incorporated Schiff's base derivatives of 4‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazoles 1a–f, 2a–e, and 3a–e has been synthesized and evaluated in‐vitro for their inhibition potential against cathepsin B enzyme. All the tested compounds possessed good to excellent anti‐cathepsin B activity (40.62%–74.36%) at 10−7 m concentrations in comparison with the curcumin (51.20%) taken as reference. Among all, compound 3c has shown the highest activity exhibiting 74.36% inhibition followed by 3e and 3b (69.99% and 68.36% inhibition, respectively). Molecular docking was performed for the most active compound 3c and the reference compound, curcumin, to know their interactions in the active site of the target enzyme and the results obtained were in agreement with the experimental values. Additionally, DFT calculations were also performed to determine the values of electronic parameters including energies of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), HOMO–LUMO energy gap, chemical hardness, chemical softness, chemical potential, electronegativity, and electrophilicity index.
Substituent‐Modulated Excited Triplet States and Activities of Ruthenium Complexes for Dual Photodynamic/Sonodynamic Therapy to Cisplatin‐Resistant Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Xie Dan‐Dan , Li Xue‐Lian , Zeng Li‐Zhen , Ren Xiaoxia , Zhang Dan , Yang Rong , Gao Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSix polypyridyl Ru(II) complexes were designed for single‐molecule photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy (PDT/SDT) synergistic multimodal anticancer toward cisplatin‐resistant NSCLC. They demonstrated lowest 3ES with distinct intraligand transition nature, which is beneficial for singlet oxygen generation. Remarkable quantum yields of both singlet oxygen and superoxide anion under either 808 nm laser irradiation or ultrasonic treatment and could induce apoptosis and ferroptosis of A549R cells. Cytotoxicity experiments clearly demonstrated a synergistic effect between PDT and SDT. The relationship between the structures of these complexes and their cellular biological mechanisms has been explored in detail. Using a single‐molecule sensitizer to achieve synergistic PDT/SDT may provide valuable insights for the treatment of drug‐resistant tumors that located deeply and in hypoxic microenvironment.
Trichodysplasia spinulosa post kidney transplant
Authors: Cabeza Rivera Franco , Ortigosa Serrano Veronica A. , Medina Adriana M. , Esmail Rojin 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageTrichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare dermatological condition caused by a virus that predominantly affects immunosuppressed individuals. In this patient population, including organ transplant recipients, it is essential to maintain a high index of suspicion for possible infectious causes of persistent dermatologic conditions. Early diagnosis can facilitate treatment and help avoid disease progression and complications.
Navigating the Diagnostic and Management Challenges of Suspected Cardiac Amyloidosis in Resource‐Limited Settings: Ethiopia Experience
Authors: Markos Sura , Belete Yegzeru , Bikamo Betre , Ataro Demelash 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis report discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic complexities encountered in resource‐limited environments when assessing patients suspected of cardiac amyloidosis (CA). The study describes a case involving a patient who initially presented with heart failure symptoms and eventually received a CA diagnosis after 13 months and four primary physician visits, primarily based on discrepancies observed between electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings, alongside elevated cardiac troponin levels. The case underscores the limited awareness of CA among primary healthcare providers in Ethiopia, contributing to a higher likelihood of misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment approaches. Additionally, the report discusses the specific challenges associated with diagnosing and managing CA patients. It advocates for essential resources such as heightened clinical suspicion, proficiency in recognizing the characteristic electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic indicators of CA, and prompt referral to cardiologists.
Multivalent Amine Functionalized Carbon Dots Catalyze Efficient Denitrosylation
Authors: Solra Manju , Das Sourav , Nayak Suman , Srivastava Abhay , Kapila Rohit , Chaudhury Smarak I. , Rana Subinoy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule with several biological functions and holds great promise in biomedical applications. However, NO delivery strategies have been challenged with its inherent short half‐life and limited transport distance in human tissues. Strategies focused on the catalytic production of NO at the target site would afford an effective biomaterial. Herein, we introduce a carbon dot (CD) platform featuring multivalent amine groups that catalyze the denitrosylation from S‐nitrosothiols. In the present study, we have developed a novel multivalent amine functionalized carbon dots to catalytically transform endogenous prodrugs S‐nitrosothiols to generate NO at physiological conditions. The mechanism of NO generation follows a nucleophilic attack of the surface primary amine groups on the electrophilic thiol group of S‐nitrosothiols, which is supported by various control studies and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Notably, the release of NO is easily tuned by the prodrug concentration and surface density of amines on the CDs. Significantly, the NO‐releasing feature of CDs is integrated with the prototissue module to evaluate the NO release profile in the biological environment. This study will deepen our understanding of designing useful multivalent systems to generate NO from endogenous prodrugs to realize their therapeutic potential.
Electrocatalytic Performance and Kinetic Behavior of Anion‐Intercalated Borate‐Based NiFe LDH in Alkaline OER
Authors: Berger Maike , Markus Alexandra , Palkovits Stefan , Palkovits Regina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of hydrogen via water electrolysis is an important step towards resolving the energy crisis and impeding global warming, as hydrogen can be used as a green energy carrier. The oxygen evolution as one half‐cell reaction (OER) is currently limiting efficient water splitting due to kinetic inhibition as well as a complex mechanism, causing a large overpotential. Nickel‐iron layered double hydroxides (LDH) were found to be suitable OER catalysts, as they are cost effective, stable and highly active. This work focuses on the intercalation of different organic and inorganic borates into the LDH interlayers to study their influence on OER. Besides activity and stability measurements, three borate candidates were chosen for a kinetic study, including steady‐state Tafel analysis and reaction order plots. It was found that the Bockris pathway with the second step as rate‐determining step was predominant for all three catalysts. Of all candidates, the intercalation of borate resulted in the highest performance, which was associated with a high reducibility affecting the active metal sites.
Mathematical modelling of essential oil supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from chamomile flowers
Authors: Sliczniuk Oliwer , Oinas Pekka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the supercritical extraction process of essential oil from chamomile flowers. Essential oils of chamomile are used extensively for medicinal purposes. Many different chamomile products have been developed, the most popular of which is herbal tea. In this study, a mathematical model is formulated that describes the governing mass transfer phenomena in a solid–fluid environment under supercritical conditions using carbon dioxide. The concept of quasi‐one‐dimensional flow is applied to reduce the number of spatial dimensions. The flow of carbon dioxide is assumed to be uniform across any cross‐section, although the area available for the fluid phase can vary along the extractor. The physical properties of the solvent are estimated based on the Peng–Robinson equation of state. Model parameters, including the partition factor, internal diffusion coefficient, and decaying factor, were determined through maximum likelihood estimation based on experimental data assuming normally distributed errors. The model parameters were combined to obtain a set of correlations. The generalized process model is capable of reproducing the dataset with satisfactory accuracy.
A Quantum‐Inspired Source‐Distributed Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Reliable Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Chenthil T. R. , Balachandran G. , Ranjith S. , Sakthivel E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnderwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) play a pivotal role in various applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to disaster prevention, necessitating robust and efficient communication protocols tailored to the challenging underwater environment. This paper introduces the Quantum‐Inspired Void‐Based Source Distributed Opportunistic Routing Protocol (QIVSORP) to address the inherent limitations of classical routing protocols in UWSNs. Motivated by the unique challenges posed by underwater conditions, QIVSORP leverages principles from quantum mechanics to enhance routing efficiency. The protocol employs a source‐distributed approach, utilizing quantum entanglement, superposition, and opportunistic routing strategies to enable adaptive and reliable data transmission in underwater scenarios. QIVSORP incorporates void‐based forwarding, adaptive decision‐making, and multipath routing to dynamically adjust routing decisions based on real‐time network conditions. The protocol's source‐informed decisions and opportunistic forwarding contribute to the adaptability and reliability of communication in dynamic underwater environments. QIVSORP achieves outstanding performance metrics: maintaining a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 98.9% with 50 nodes and 80% with 400 nodes, reducing end‐to‐end delays to 12 ms at 50 nodes, 15 ms at 100 nodes, and 52 ms at 600 nodes, and demonstrating energy efficiency ranging from 0.2 to 200 J per delivered packet across varying node densities. These results highlight the QIVSORP's capability to optimize communication in dynamic underwater environments effectively.