bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hazard model of sub-freezing temperatures in the United Kingdom using vine copulas
Authors: Koumoutsaris Symeon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Extreme cold weather events, such as the winter of 1962/63, the third coldest winter ever recorded
in the Central England Temperature record, or more recently the winter of
2010/11, have significant consequences for the society and economy. This
paper assesses the probability of such extreme cold weather across the United
Kingdom (UK), as part of a probabilistic catastrophe model for insured losses
caused by the bursting of pipes. A statistical model is developed in order to
model the extremes of the Air Freezing Index (AFI), which is a common measure
of the magnitude and duration of freezing temperatures. A novel approach in
the modelling of the spatial dependence of the hazard has been followed which
takes advantage of the vine copula methodology. The method allows complex
dependencies to be modelled, especially between the tails of the AFI
distributions, which is important to assess the extreme behaviour of such
events. The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation and of anthropogenic
climate change on the frequency of UK cold winters has also been taken into
account. According to the model, the occurrence of extreme cold events, such
as the 1962/63 winter, has decreased approximately 2 times during the course
of the 20th century as a result of anthropogenic climate change. Furthermore,
the model predicts that such an event is expected to become more uncommon,
about 2 times less frequent, by the year 2030. Extreme cold spells in the UK
have been found to be heavily modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation
(NAO) as well. A cold event is estimated to be ≈3–4 times more
likely to occur during its negative phase than its positive phase. However,
considerable uncertainty exists in these results, owing mainly to the short
record length and the large interannual variability of the AFI.
2018 WA Lee Equity Lecture: Equity in an Age of Uncertainty
Authors: Russell David 
Published: March 2019

May I commence by acknowledging the honour done to me by asking me to give this, the nineteenth WA Lee lecture. I studied Equity, in part, under Professor Lee and he was a prominent member of the teaching community at my University College.
At that time, and later, I came to appreciate the extent to which his reputation was established, not just in Australia, but throughout the common law world. Perhaps the most telling of a number of indications, once publications such as the masterful Ford & Lee are put to one side, is the fact that when Donovan Waters QC, former Oxford don, STEP Honorary Member and one of the negotiators of the Hague Trust Convention,[1] visited Australia as a guest of STEP, the one Australian he specifically asked us to arrange for him to meet was Tony Lee.
So to give this lecture before an audience including Tony Lee fills me with not a little trepidation. He – and no doubt many others of you – will be immediately aware of any errors or imperfections. It is small consolation that, on this occasion at least, he will not be marking the paper.
Production and Evaluation of Breakfast Cereals from Flour Blends of Maize (Zea mays) and Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Seeds
Authors: Odimegwu Nkiru E. , Ofoedu Chigozie E. , Omeire Gloria C. , Umelo Munachiso C. , Eluchie Chioma N. , Alagbaoso Serah O. , Njoku Njideka E. , Ozoani Peace O. 
Published: March 2019

Aim: Jackfruit is an underutilized tropical and subtropical fruit that is consistently lost to wastages and postharvest losses, neither has it gained substantial research attention. Therefore, the study is aimed at the production and evaluation of breakfast cereals formulated from composite blends of maize flour and jackfruit seed flour.
Study Design: This study was made to fit into a one way Analysis of Variance.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was carried out at the Department of Food Science and Technology laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria, between February 2018 and October 2018.
Methodology: Flaked breakfast cereals were produced from blends of different ratios of Maize flour to Jackfruit seed flour. The formulated breakfast cereal products were evaluated for proximate composition, functional properties, anti-nutritional properties, mineral content and sensory properties.
Results: The mineral content of the formulated breakfast cereals showed significant difference (P<0.05) in Ca(156.23-184.14mg/100g), Mg (179.28-207.81mg/100g), K(70.62-78.53mg/100g), Fe(4.01-5.46mg/100g), Na(9.44-10.66mg/100g), Zn(1.72-2.29mg/100g) and P(10.38-13.62mg/100g). The moisture content (3.83 - 4.14%) of the formulated products was acceptable for shelf life extension of the flaked breakfast cereal products. Protein, ash, crude fiber and fat content of the formulated breakfast cereal products increased with increased addition of jackfruit seed flour while the carbohydrate and energy value of the formulated products decreased with increased addition of jackfruit seed flour. Bulk density and water absorption capacity of the formulated products increased with increased addition of jackfruit seed flour while oil absorption capacity, foam capacity, viscosity and gelation capacity decreased with increased addition of jackfruit seed flour. Processing method significantly reduced the relatively high level of anti-nutrients associated with Jackfruit seed. Panelist preference increased with a corresponding decrease in jackfruit seed flour addition.
Conclusion: Utilization of jackfruit in food product development may solve the problem of wastage and postharvest losses associated with this fruit.
Control beliefs and susceptibility to the promises of memory improvement
Authors: Rickenbach Elizabeth Hahn , Agrigoroaei Stefan , Hughes Matthew , Lachman Margie E. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBrain training is increasingly popular, and many believe in the efficacy of such programs without empirical evidence. We examined whether instructions promising memory improvement would influence subjective and objective cognition. Participants (n = 145; age: M = 50.64) were randomly assigned to a memory improvement or memory task condition. Participants completed demographic and perceived control over cognition measures, in addition to cognitive tasks and subjective cognition items for 7 days. Participants in the improvement condition reported significantly greater memory increases than those in the memory task condition. This effect was moderated by perceived control over cognition; participants in the improvement condition with high control beliefs were significantly more likely than those with low control beliefs or those in the task condition to report better memory. Individuals with higher control beliefs may be more susceptible to the claims of brain training programs, which is significant given that such programs are increasingly popular and commercially available.
Highly Photoluminescent and Environmentally Stable Perovskite Nanocrystals Templated in Thin Self‐Assembled Block Copolymer Films
Authors: Han Hyowon , Jeong Beomjin , Park Tae Hyun , Cha Wonhee , Cho Suk Man , Kim Yeongsik , Kim Hong Hee , Kim Dongho , Ryu Do Yeol , Choi Won Kook , Park Cheolmin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrdered nanostructured crystals of thin organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites (OIHPs) are of great interest to researchers because of the dimensional‐dependence of their photoelectronic properties for developing OIHPs with novel properties. Top‐down routes such as nanoimprinting and electron beam lithography are extensively used for nanopatterning OIHPs, while bottom‐up approaches are seldom used. Herein, developed is a simple and robust route, involving the controlled crystallization of the OIHPs templated with a self‐assembled block copolymer (BCP), for fabricating nanopatterned OIHP films with various shapes and nanodomain sizes. When the precursor solution consisting of methylammonium lead halide (MAPbX3, X = Br−, I−) perovskite and poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) is spin‐coated on the substrate, a nanostructured BCP is developed by microphase separation. Spontaneous crystallization of the precursor ions preferentially coordinated with the P2VP domains yields ordered nanocrystals with various nanostructures (cylinders, lamellae, and cylindrical mesh) with controlled domain size (≈40–72 nm). The nanopatterned OIHPs show significantly enhanced photoluminescence (PL) with high resistance to both humidity and heat due to geometrically confining OIHPs in and passivation with the P2VP chains. The self‐assembled OIHP films with high PL performance provide a facile control of color coordinates by color conversion layers in blue‐emitting devices for cool‐white emission.
A Reversibly Responsive Fluorochromic Hydrogel Based on Lanthanide–Mannose Complex
Authors: Meng Ke , Yao Chi , Ma Qianmin , Xue Zhaohui , Du Yaping , Liu Wenguang , Yang Dayong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFluorochromic materials that are dynamic in response to external stimuli are of great interest for the development of advanced sensors and luminescent materials. Herein, a design based on a lanthanide‐containing polymeric hydrogel possessing characteristic emission of lanthanides (Eu and Tb) and showing response to stimuli of metal ions is reported. The fluorochromic hydrogel is prepared using a lanthanide–mannose complex in gelation matrix. The lanthanide–mannose complex shows tunable fluorescent emission in response to Fe2+, due to the inhibition of the “antenna effect” between metal ions and ligands upon stimulation. The fluorescent hydrogel shows reversible “On/Off” fluorochromic response to Fe2+/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Remarkably, the fluorescent hydrogel is proven nontoxic and biocompatible; and a proof‐of‐application as in situ 3D cell culture extracellular matrix with reversible fluorochromic “On/Off” switch upon Fe2+/EDTA is demonstrated. This reversibly responsive fluorochromic hydrogel demonstrates a way to fabricate smart optical materials, particularly for biological‐related applications where reversible response is required.
Triphenylphosphine‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Addition of Oxazolones to Isatin‐Derived Ketimines: Construction of Vicinal N‐Substituted Quaternary Stereocenters
Authors: Tong Pei , Li Ying , Zhang Yuan , Jiang Xianxing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerein, an organocatalytic and highly diastereoselective addition of 4‐substituted oxazolones to isatin‐derived ketimines has been developed. This protocol provides a variety of aminooxindole‐oxazolone adducts containing congested vicinal N‐substituted quaternary stereogenic centers. Good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity were obtained under mild reaction conditions.
Encapsulation of potassium persulfate with ABS via coacervation for delaying the viscosity loss of fracturing fluid
Authors: Meng Fanbin , Li Miao , Wang Shujun , Liu Xiang , Gao Weiying , Ma Zhuang , Kong Chaopei , Ma Xuejiao , Li Jiacheng 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTEncapsulation of persulfates is an important and effective method for sustained release to delay the gel breaking of a fracturing fluid in a high‐temperature reservoir. For a gel breaker with sustained release performance, the coacervation of Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene (ABS) induced by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was conducted to encapsulate potassium persulfate (KPS). Moreover, the composition, KPS loading, morphology, structure, release property, and gel‐breaking performance of the obtained microcapsules were investigated thoroughly. The results show that KPS was successfully encapsulated by the ABS, and the KPS/ABS microcapsules consisted of micron‐sized particles with a porous surface, core/shell structure, and significant sustained release property that were affected by the core/shell mass ratio during the preparation. Moreover, the apparent viscosity of gel fracturing fluid at 70 °C obtained using the KPS/ABS microcapsules as the gel breaker could be maintained above 50 mPa·s for 100 min. Therefore, the encapsulation of KPS by the coacervation of ABS is a feasible method to achieve sustained release property, and it could effectively reduce the rate of viscosity loss of fracturing fluid at a high temperature. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47734.
Dynamic Assembly of Microspheres under an Ultrasound Field
Authors: Xu Tailin , Cheng Guanzhi , Liu Conghui , Li Tianlong , Zhang Xueji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe assembly of micro‐nanoparticles is one of the key tasks for controlling and manipulating the structure of materials at micro/‐nanoscale. By carefully designing the ultrasound experiments and comparing the results with acoustic theories, we presented an in‐depth study of the ultrasound‐induced assembly behaviors of micro/‐nanoparticles (microparticle size≪wavelength), especially their dynamic interactions between microparticles. The whole assembly processes including floating micro/nanoparticles, single particle communication, assembly to single particle interactions, and reorganization of assembly are fully studied. A rapid response of the ultrasound‐based assembly (0.5 min) shows distinct advantages compared to those of previously used methods such as light‐, electrical‐ and temperature‐based ones. Such an efficient and effective microparticle assembly holds great promise for fabrication of complex structure of materials.
Alternating Tetrafluorobenzene and Thiophene Units by Direct Arylation for Organic Electronics
Authors: Cui Xiaoping , Xiao Chengyi , Jiang Wei , Wang Zhaohui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDirect arylation represents an attractive alternative to the conventional cross‐coupling methods because of its step‐economic and eco‐friendly advantages. A set of simple D–A oligomeric molecules (F‐3, F‐5, and F‐7) by integrating thiophene (T) and tetrafluorobenzene (F4B) as alternating units through a direct arylation strategy is presented to obtain high‐performance charge‐transporting materials. Single‐crystal analysis revealed their herringbone packing arrangements driven by intensive C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. An excellent hole‐transporting efficiency based on single‐crystalline micro‐plates/ribbons was witnessed, and larger π‐conjugation and D–A constitution gave higher mobilities. Consequently, an average mobility of 1.31 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a maximum mobility of 2.44 cm2 V−1 s−1 for F‐7 were achieved, providing an effective way to obtain high‐performance materials by designing simple D–A oligomeric systems.
Assessing some aspects of factor screening with nonnormal responses
Authors: Chaudhry Muhammad Azam , Tyssedal John 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNonnormally distributed response values, such as count data for instance, create challenges for factor screening. One problem is that variances may vary from run to run. Another is the choice of screening design for such responses. In this paper, we assess some screening performances for three popular screening designs: a definite screening design, a minimum resolution IV design, and a Plackett‐Burman design. Four distributions, two binomials, one gamma, and one Poisson are chosen for the response values. For each distribution, we test out if it is best to use the raw data, a variance‐stabilizing transformation of the data, or perform a generalized linear modeling assuming three factors are active. From our investigations, two‐level nonregular designs gave the highest success rate in identifying the subset of active factors and a variance‐stabilizing transformation turned out to perform equally good or better than generalized linear modeling in most cases.
Nudges and signposts: The effect of smart defaults and pictographic risk information on retirement saving investment choices
Authors: Camilleri Adrian R. , Cam Marie‐Anne , Hoffmann Robert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe authors tested two interventions to improve retirement savings investment decisions. In an incentive‐compatible experiment, 459 participants engaged in a task simulating their working life. Periodically during the simulation, participants chose between different investment options. The authors examined the effectiveness of a “nudge” by manipulating the default option and the effectiveness of a “signpost” by manipulating the display of a pictograph summarizing the expected return of each option. Participants often followed the default option, particularly when it was “smart” (i.e., became more conservative as retirement approached) and when presented together with dynamic pictographs (i.e., updated each year assuming the investment was held until retirement). Those most likely to make optimal choices (i.e., consistent with the life cycle model) were presented with a smart default or dynamic pictographs. These findings reveal how different choice architecture interventions can be used to positively influence behavior. Retirement funds and regulators can support retirement savings decisions by the provision of smart defaults and better risk information in the form of pictographs.
Predictive functional ANOVA models for longitudinal analysis of mandibular shape changes
Authors: Fontanella Lara , Ippoliti Luigi , Valentini Pasquale 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a Bayesian statistical model for the analysis of functional data observed at several time points. Examples of such data include the Michigan growth study where we wish to characterize the shape changes of human mandible profiles. The form of the mandible is often used by clinicians as an aid in predicting the mandibular growth. However, whereas many studies have demonstrated the changes in size that may occur during the period of pubertal growth spurt, shape changes have been less well investigated. Considering a group of subjects presenting normal occlusion, in this paper we thus describe a Bayesian functional ANOVA model that provides information about where and when the shape changes of the mandible occur during different stages of development. The model is developed by defining the notion of predictive process models for Gaussian process (GP) distributions used as priors over the random functional effects. We show that the predictive approach is computationally appealing and that it is useful to analyze multivariate functional data with unequally spaced observations that differ among subjects and times. Graphical posterior summaries show that our model is able to provide a biological interpretation of the morphometric findings and that they comprehensively describe the shape changes of the human mandible profiles. Compared with classical cephalometric analysis, this paper represents a significant methodological advance for the study of mandibular shape changes in two dimensions.
Mortality prediction following non-traumatic amputation of the lower extremity
Authors: Norvell D C , Thompson M L , Boyko E J , Landry G , Littman A J , Henderson W G , Turner A P , Maynard C , Moore K P , Czerniecki J M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients who undergo lower extremity amputation secondary to the complications of diabetes or peripheral artery disease have poor long-term survival. Providing patients and surgeons with individual-patient, rather than population, survival estimates provides them with important information to make individualized treatment decisions.

Methods
Patients with peripheral artery disease and/or diabetes undergoing their first unilateral transmetatarsal, transtibial or transfemoral amputation were identified in the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) database. Stepdown logistic regression was used to develop a 1-year mortality risk prediction model from a list of 33 candidate predictors using data from three of five Department of Veterans Affairs national geographical regions. External geographical validation was performed using data from the remaining two regions. Calibration and discrimination were assessed in the development and validation samples.

Results
The development sample included 5028 patients and the validation sample 2140. The final mortality prediction model (AMPREDICT-Mortality) included amputation level, age, BMI, race, functional status, congestive heart failure, dialysis, blood urea nitrogen level, and white blood cell and platelet counts. The model fit in the validation sample was good. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the validation sample was 0·76 and Cox calibration regression indicated excellent calibration (slope 0·96, 95 per cent c.i. 0·85 to 1·06; intercept 0·02, 95 per cent c.i. –0·12 to 0·17). Given the external validation characteristics, the development and validation samples were combined, giving a total sample of 7168.

Conclusion
The AMPREDICT-Mortality prediction model is a validated parsimonious model that can be used to inform the 1-year mortality risk following non-traumatic lower extremity amputation of patients with peripheral artery disease or diabetes.
Live Imaging and Quantitation of Lipid Droplets and Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Changes with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens in an in Vitro Model of Liver Steatosis
Authors: Zhou Yabin , Hua Jin , Barritt Greg , Liu Yong , Tang Ben Zhong , Tang Youhong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHigh specificity, low background, good biocompatibility and photostability are common properties of aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens). In this study, an AIEgen FAS was used in live HepG2 cells, an in vitro model of liver steatosis, to quantify lipid droplet number and size instead of the traditional method of only measuring fluorescence intensity emitted from fluorescence dye stained in lipid droplet. In parallel, another AIEgen, TPE‐Ph‐In, was used to perform continuous monitoring and quantitation of mitochondrial membrane potential in the same batch of live HepG2 cells. The data show a significant increase in lipid droplet numbers after 24 h treatment by amiodarone and a significant increase in both lipid droplet numbers and size after 48 h amiodarone treatment. Moreover, the data suggest a significant increase in mitochondria membrane potential in cells treated with amiodarone for 24 and 48 h, with restoration to pre‐treatment level 24 h after removal of the amiodarone. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanism.
The Structural Determinants Accounting for the Broad Substrate Specificity of the Quorum Quenching Lactonase GcL
Authors: Bergonzi Celine , Schwab Michael , Naik Tanushree , Elias Mikael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuorum quenching lactonases are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing lactones, including N‐acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). AHLs are molecules known as signals in bacterial communication dubbed quorum sensing. Bacterial signal disruption by lactonases was previously reported to inhibit behavior regulated by quorum sensing, such as the expression of virulence factors and the formation of biofilms. Herein, we report the enzymatic and structural characterization of a novel lactonase representative from the metallo‐β‐lactamase superfamily, dubbed GcL. GcL is a broad spectrum and highly proficient lactonase, with kcat/KM values in the range of 104 to 106 m−1 s−1. Analysis of free GcL structures and in complex with AHL substrates of different acyl chain length, namely, C4‐AHL and 3‐oxo‐C12‐AHL, allowed their respective binding modes to be elucidated. Structures reveal three subsites in the binding crevice: 1) the small subsite where chemistry is performed on the lactone ring; 2) a hydrophobic ring that accommodates the amide group of AHLs and small acyl chains; and 3) the outer, hydrophilic subsite that extends to the protein surface. Unexpectedly, the absence of structural accommodation for long substrate acyl chains seems to relate to the broad substrate specificity of the enzyme.