bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Effective Time of Denture Cleanser Tablets on the Removal of Candida Albicans on Denture Base Resins
Authors: HAYRAN Yeliz 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to determinate of the
effective time of different denture cleanser tablets on the removal of Candida albicans on various base resins.

Materials
and Methods: Conventional
heat cured resin, high impact resin, autopolymerized resin, and polyamide
resin were used. 160 samples were prepared for each resin type. The biofilm of C. albicans was formed on the resins and then exposed to alkaline
peroxide tablet and enzymatic tablets for 3-5-10-20-40-80-160-200 minutes. Cell
viability was assessed by MTT test. 3-way ANOVA was used for statistical
analysis.

Results: The
effect of resin type, tablet type and application time on cell viability of C. albicans were found to be significant
(p&lt;0.05). Cell death was at least
65% on the resins even at the minimum time. Furthermore, as the duration of
administration of both tablets increased, cell viability in all resins tended
to decrease. The administration of both tablets on all resins for 10 min
resulted in approximately 80% cell death. Additionally, the most significant
antimicrobial activities of the tablets were determined on 20th
minutes. The alkaline peroxide tablet on all base resins for application
periods of 3 to 200 minutes was generally more effective than the enzymatic
tablet.

Conclusion:
Alkaline peroxide and enzymatic cleanser tablets showed remarkable anticandidal
activity for all resins. The patients with risk of C. albicans infection should keep their prostheses in cleanser
tablets for at least 20 minutes. Furthermore, the anticandidal effect tended to
increase with prolonged exposure time.
Enhancing Active Learning and Fostering Employability: The Experience of a Two‐Stage Capstone Project at the University of Padova
Authors: Fedeli Monica , Vardanega Tullio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis chapter presents how the method of capstone project in higher education can promote employability. Three primary forces guide the development of the capstone project at the University of Padova: employability, active learning, and responsibility in teaching and learning.
Polymer‐Based Organic Field‐Effect Transistors with Active Layers Aligned by Highly Hydrophobic Nanogrooved Surfaces
Authors: Bulgarevich Kirill , Sakamoto Kenji , Minari Takeo , Yasuda Takeshi , Miki Kazushi , Takeuchi Masayuki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, polymer‐based organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) that exhibit alignment‐induced mobility enhancement, very small device‐to‐device variation, and high operational stability are successfully fabricated by a simple coating method of semiconductor solutions on highly hydrophobic nanogrooved surfaces. The highly hydrophobic nanogrooved surfaces (water contact angle >110°) are effective at inducing unidirectional alignment of polymer backbone structures with edge‐on orientation and are advantageous for realizing high operational stability because of their water‐repellent nature. The dewetting of the semiconductor solution is a critical problem in the thin film formation on highly hydrophobic surfaces. Dewetting during spin coating is suppressed by surrounding the hydrophobic regions with hydrophilic ones under appropriate designs. For the OFET array with an aligned terrace‐phase active layer of poly(2,5‐bis(3‐hexadecylthiophene‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene), the hole mobility in the saturation regime of 30 OFETs with channel current direction parallel to the nanogrooves is 0.513 ± 0.018 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is approximately double that of the OFETs without nanogrooves, and the intrinsic operational stability is comparable to the operational stability of amorphous‐silicon field‐effect transistors. In other words, alignment‐induced mobility enhancement and high operational stability are successfully achieved with very small device‐to‐device variation. This coating method should be a promising means of fabricating high‐performance OFETs.
Moiré Polarization Interference Photolithography Based on AZO Molecular Glass Pillar Array for Hierarchical Surface Patterning
Authors: Hsu Chungen , Xu Zeda , Liao Chuyi , Wang Xiaogong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new method termed moiré polarization interference photolithography is developed by using a photoresponsive AZO molecular glass (IAC‐2) for fabricating hierarchical surface patterns. Arrays of hexagonally arranged submicron‐sized pillars are prepared from IAC‐2 by soft‐lithographic hot embossing. For the interference photolithography, the pillar arrays are sequentially exposed to polarization‐type interference fringes formed by the superposition of two laser beams with right‐circular polarization and left‐circular polarization. By rotating the pillar arrays by a predetermined angle around the surface normal after each exposure, moiré patterns are fabricated by deformations of the pillars in response to the local polarization states of the superimposed interference fringes. The fabricated hierarchical surface patterns show features combining the complex mass transfer following the local electric vibration directions of the light wave and the long‐range order generated by the moiré effect. By increasing the exposure time, patterns with growing complexity are formed through partial merging of the pillars. The material and methodology reported here extend typical interference photolithography from light intensity modulation to a new dimension, including the polarization interference of coherent light. This new approach can provide a powerful platform for the fabrication of various complex surface patterns that are unattainable by conventional methods.
The Imine‐Based COF TpPa‐1 as an Efficient Cooling Adsorbent That Can Be Regenerated by Heat or Light
Authors: Pérez‐Carvajal Javier , Boix Gerard , Imaz Inhar , Maspoch Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdsorption‐based cooling systems, which can be driven by waste heat and solar energy, are promising alternatives to conventional, compression‐based cooling systems, as they demand less energy and emit less CO2. The performance of adsorption‐based cooling systems relates directly to the performance of the working pairs (sorbent–water). Accordingly, improvement of these systems relies on the continual discovery of new sorbents that enable greater mass exchange while requiring less energy for regeneration. Here, it is proposed that covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) can replace traditional sorbents for adsorption‐based cooling. In tests mimicking standard operating conditions for industry, the imine‐based COF TpPa‐1 exhibits a regeneration temperature below 65 °C and a cooling coefficient of performance of 0.77 – values which are comparable to those reported for the best metal–organic framework sorbents described to date. Moreover, TpPa‐1 exhibits a photothermal effect and can be regenerated by visible light, thereby opening the possibility for its use in solar‐driven cooling.
The Implementation of a National Multifaceted Emergency Medicine Resident Wellness Curriculum Is Not Associated With Changes in Burnout
Authors: Williamson Kelly , Lank Patrick M. , Hartman Nicholas , Lu Dave W. , Wheaton Natasha , Cash Jennifer , Branzetti Jeremy , Lovell Elise O. ,   the Emergency Medicine Education Research Alliance (EMERA)
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Common Program Requirements effective 2017 state that programs and sponsoring institutions have the same responsibility to address well‐being as they do other aspects of resident competence.ObjectivesThe authors sought to determine if the implementation of a multifaceted wellness curriculum improved resident burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).MethodsWe performed a multicenter educational interventional trial at 10 emergency medicine (EM) residencies. In February 2017, we administered the MBI at all sites. A year‐long wellness curriculum was then introduced at five intervention sites while five control sites agreed not to introduce new wellness initiatives during the study period. The MBI was readministered in August 2017 and February 2018.ResultsOf 523 potential respondents, 437 (83.5%) completed at least one MBI assessment. When burnout was assessed as a continuous variable, there was a statistically significant difference in the depersonalization component favoring the control sites at the baseline and final survey administrations. There was also a higher mean personal accomplishment score at the control sites at the second survey administration. However, when assessed as a dichotomous variable, there were no differences in global burnout between the groups at any survey administration and burnout scores did not change over time for either control or intervention sites.ConclusionsIn this national study of EM residents, MBI scores remained stable over time and the introduction of a multifaceted wellness curriculum was not associated with changes in global burnout scores.
Extensive variability in the gut microbiome of a highly‐specialized and critically endangered lemur species across sites
Authors: Donohue Mariah E. , Asangba Abigail E. , Ralainirina Jocelyn , Weisrock David W. , Stumpf Rebecca M. , Wright Patricia C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDeforestation continues to jeopardize Malagasy primates as viable habitats become smaller, more fragmented, and more disturbed. This deforestation can lead to changes in diet, microhabitat, and gene flow between populations of endangered species, and it remains unclear how these changes may affect gut microbiome (GM) characteristics. The black‐and‐white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata), which is among Madagascar's most threatened lemur species, provides a critical model for understanding the relationships between historical and on‐going deforestation (habitat disturbance), feeding ecology, and GM composition and diversity. We studied four populations inhabiting two rainforests (relatively pristine vs. highly disturbed) in southeastern Madagascar. We conducted full‐day focal animal behavioral follows and collected fecal samples opportunistically across a three‐month period. Our results indicate that lemurs inhabiting sites characterized by habitat disturbance and low dietary diversity exhibited reduced gut microbial alpha diversity. We also show that these same factors were associated with high community dissimilarity using weighted and unweighted UniFrac metrics. Finally, an indicator species analysis showed that the most pristine site was characterized by an abundance of methanogenic archaea. While it is impossible to disentangle the relative contributions of each confounding variable presented by our sampling design, these results provide crucial information about GM variability, thereby underscoring the importance of monitoring endangered species at the population‐level.
An Oxygen Paradox: Catalytic Use of Oxygen in Radical Photopolymerization
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Wu Chenyu , Jung Kenward , Ng Yun Hau , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA peculiar radical polymerization reaction is presented in which oxygen serves as a cocatalyst, alongside triethylamine, to provide activation with light in the far‐red (690 nm, 3 mW cm−2) of the PET‐RAFT process in the presence of zinc(II) (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐octaethyl‐5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin) as photocatalyst. Apart from the ability to exert temporal control by switching the light on or off, this system possesses the exciting capability of inducing temporal control by removal or reintroduction of oxygen. Furthermore, this multicomponent catalytic system was typified by controlled polymerizations of various acrylate and acrylamide monomers, which all resulted in well‐defined polymers with low dispersity (<1.2). The process displayed excellent living characteristics that were demonstrated through chain extensions and a range of degrees of polymerization (200–1600).
A Dual Plating Battery with the Iodine/[ZnIx(OH2)4−x]2−x Cathode
Authors: Hong Jessica J. , Zhu Liangdong , Chen Cheng , Tang Longteng , Jiang Heng , Jin Bei , Gallagher Trenton C. , Guo Qiubo , Fang Chong , Ji Xiulei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlating battery electrodes typically deliver higher specific capacity values than insertion or conversion electrodes because the ion charge carriers represent the sole electrode active mass, and a host electrode is unnecessary. However, reversible plating electrodes are rare for electronically insulating nonmetals. Now, a highly reversible iodine plating cathode is presented that operates on the redox couples of I2/[ZnIx(OH2)4−x]2−x in a water‐in‐salt electrolyte. The iodine plating cathode with the theoretical capacity of 211 mAh g−1 plates on carbon fiber paper as the current collector, delivering a large areal capacity of 4 mAh cm−2. Tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy coupled with DFT calculations elucidate a series of [ZnIx(OH2)4−x]2−x superhalide ions serving as iodide vehicles in the electrolyte, which eliminates most free iodide ions, thus preventing the consequent dissolution of the cathode‐plated iodine as triiodides.
Rational Design of a Dual‐Reactivity‐Based Fluorescent Probe for Visualizing Intracellular HSNO
Authors: Chen Wei , Matsunaga Tetsuro , Neill Deshka L. , Yang Chun‐tao , Akaike Takaaki , Xian Ming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThionitrous acid (HSNO), the smallest S‐nitrosothiol, is emerging as a potential key intermediate in cellular redox regulation linking two signaling molecules H2S and NO. However, the chemical biology of HSNO remains poorly understood. A major hurdle is the lack of methods for selective detection of HSNO in biological systems. Herein, we report the rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of the first fluorescent probe TAP‐1 for HSNO detection. TAP‐1 showed high selectivity and sensitivity to HSNO in aqueous media and cells, providing a useful tool for understanding the functions of HSNO in biology.
Exploration of the structure–activity relationship and druggability of novel oxazolidinone‐based compounds as Gram‐negative antibacterial agents
Authors: Ding Shi , Ji Jing‐Chao , Zhang Ming‐Juan , Yang Yu‐She , Wang Rui , Zhu Xing‐Long , Wang Li‐Hong , Zhong Yi , Gao Le , Lu Man , Liu Ju , Chen Ye 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo gain further knowledge of the structure–activity relationship and druggability of novel oxazolidinone‐based UDP‐3‐O‐acyl‐N‐acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC) inhibitors as Gram‐negative antibacterial agents, compounds containing the hydrophobic tails with different lengths and terminal substitutions were synthesized and their antibacterial activities against standard and clinically isolated Gram‐negative strains were evaluated. We summarized their structure–activity relationships and found that oxazolidinone‐based compounds exhibited a narrower antibacterial spectrum compared with threonine‐based compounds. Furthermore, we parallelly compared the metabolic stabilities of the compounds with the classic threonine scaffold and the novel oxazolidinone scaffold in liver microsomes. The results indicated that the druggability of the oxazolidinone scaffold may be inferior to the classic threonine scaffold in the design of LpxC inhibitors.
The impact on the cost of equity capital in the effects of integrated reporting quality
Authors: Vitolla Filippo , Salvi Antonio , Raimo Nicola , Petruzzella Felice , Rubino Michele 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntegrated reporting is a new reporting tool that includes financial and nonfinancial information, which represents a natural evolution of the corporate reporting movement. Although this practice has gained increasing attention in recent years, both from an academic and professional perspective, the quality of the reports still represents a critical aspect due to inadequate investigation. Only a few studies have focused on integrated reporting quality, and contributions on the effects of quality have been even rarer. This study aims to investigate on the impact of integrated reporting quality on the firm's cost of equity capital, owing to the paramount importance of this parameter for firms and investors. Our results highlight that integrated reporting quality has a significantly negative association with the cost of equity capital, suggesting that integrated reporting quality represents an innovative way to reduce the cost of equity. To our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the relationship between integrated reporting quality and a firm's cost of equity.
Size‐Dependent Cellular Uptake of RGD Peptides
Authors: Kemker Isabell , Feiner Rebecca C. , Müller Kristian M. , Sewald Norbert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMonomeric RGD peptides show unspecific fluid‐phase uptake in cells, whereas multimeric RGD peptides are thought to be internalized by integrin‐mediated endocytosis. However, a potential correlation between uptake mechanism and molecular mass has been neglected so far. A dual derivatization of peptide c(RGDw(7Br)K) was performed to investigate this. A fluorescent probe was installed by chemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of the 7‐bromotryptophan and a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) linker was attached to the lysine residue. Flow cytometry and live cell imaging confirmed unspecific uptake of the small, non‐PEGylated peptide, whereas the PEG5000 peptide conjugate unveiled a selective internalization by M21 cells overexpressing αvβ3 and no uptake in αv‐deficient M21L cells.
Impact of age and comorbidities on the effect of transcatheter versus surgical mitral valve repair on inpatient outcomes
Authors: Jogu Hanumantha R. , Arora Sameer , Strassle Paula D. , Patel Chinmay , Patil Nikita , Venkatesh Sanjay , Alkhaimy Haytham , Ramm Cassandra J. , Qamar Arman , Kim Sun M. , Yeung Michael , Vavalle John P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) has shown to be a safe and effective treatment option for symptomatic severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in patients who are at prohibitive surgical risk. Whether age and comorbidities impact the inpatient safety outcomes of TMVR versus surgical mitral valve repair (SMVR) is unknown.MethodsUsing the national inpatient sample, patients undergoing either elective TMVR or SMVR between 2012 and 2015 were analyzed. Logistic, generalized logistic, and linear regression were used to compare inpatient complications, discharge disposition, and length of stay (LOS). Heterogeneity in the effect of TMVR versus SMVR across Charlson comorbidity index (CCI, categorized as <2 and ≥2) and age (categorized as <75 years old and ≥75 years old) were assessed for effect modification.ResultsOverall, 8,716 hospitalizations were included, 7,950 (91%) SMVR and 766 (9%) TMVR. Compared with SMVR, patients undergoing TMVR were older (median age 79 vs. 62 years) and more likely to be female (45% vs. 40%) with a higher CCI score (median CCI 2 vs. 1). Despite being older with a higher comorbidity burden, patients undergoing TMVR had a lower incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation (OR 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.50), cerebrovascular accidents (OR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.92), and major bleeding (OR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.47). TMVR patients were also discharged 3 days earlier (CIE −3.26; 95% CI: −3.72, −2.80) and were less likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.55, 0.93). Additionally, the relative reduction in complications after TMVR versus SMVR was significantly higher in older (age ≥75 years) and more comorbid (CCI ≥2) patients (p for interaction <.05 for both).ConclusionPatients treated with TMVR, as compared with SMVR, were older and had more comorbidities, but had a lower incidence of inpatient complications, shorter LOS, and better discharge disposition. Therefore, TMVR may be a safer option than SMVR in older patients and those with a higher burden of comorbidities.
Delocalization of π‐Electron in Graphitic Carbon Nitride to Promote its Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Guan Hai‐Xin , Zhang Wei‐De 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolymers with a large π‐electron conjugated system have aroused extensive concern in photocatalysis due to their appropriate bandgap and high stability. In order to overcome such drawbacks as its inadequate visible light absorption and rapid recombination of the photogenerated electron‐hole pairs of graphic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), a facile strategy is proposed to tune its electronic structure by grafting small molecules. The conjugated photocatalysts were prepared by attaching 3‐Aminobenzoic acid (AB) and 6‐Aminopyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid (APy) to the framework of g‐C3N4 via low‐temperature condensation. The obtained catalysts UCN‐AB and UCN‐APy possess higher visible light absorption that results from the modified band structure by extending π‐electron delocalization. Additionally, AB and APy worked as the electron acceptors which further enhance transport of the photogenerated electrons. The optimal UCN‐AB and UCN‐APy accomplished remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates of 104.0 and 133.2 μmol/h, respectively, which are nearly four or five times of that over g‐C3N4. This work provides a simple and feasible modification approach to extend π‐electron delocalization in g‐C3N4 with a stronger visible light response and accelerated charge transfer for high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Photolytic and Reductive Activations of 2‐Arsaethynolate in a Uranium–Triamidoamine Complex: Decarbonylative Arsenic‐Group Transfer Reactions and Trapping of a Highly Bent and Reduced Form
Authors: Magnall Rosie , Balázs Gábor , Lu Erli , Kern Michal , van Slageren Joris , Tuna Floriana , Wooles Ashley J. , Scheer Manfred , Liddle Stephen T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the chemistry of the 2‐arsaethynolate anion, but to date it has exclusively undergone fragmentation reactions when reduced. Herein, we report the synthesis of [U(TrenTIPS)(OCAs)] (2, TrenTIPS=N(CH2CH2NSiiPr3)3), which is the first isolable actinide‐2‐arsaethynolate linkage. UV‐photolysis of 2 results in decarbonylation, but the putative [U(TrenTIPS)(As)] product was not isolated and instead only [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(μ‐η2:η2‐As2H2)] (3) was formed. In contrast, reduction of 2 with [U(TrenTIPS)] gave the mixed‐valence arsenido [{U(TrenTIPS)}2(μ‐As)] (4) in very low yield. Complex 4 is unstable which precluded full characterisation, but these photolytic and reductive reactions testify to the tendency of 2‐arsaethynolate to fragment with CO release and As transfer. However, addition of 2 to an electride mixture of potassium‐graphite and 2,2,2‐cryptand gives [{U(TrenTIPS)}2{μ‐η2(OAs):η2(CAs)‐OCAs}][K(2,2,2‐cryptand)] (5). The coordination mode of the trapped 2‐arsaethynolate in 5 is unique, and derives from a new highly reduced and bent form of this ligand with the most acute O‐C‐As angle in any complex to date (O‐C‐As
≈128°). The trapping rather than fragmentation of this highly reduced O‐C‐As unit is unprecedented, and quantum chemical calculations reveal that reduction confers donor–acceptor character to the O‐C‐As unit.