bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Peculiarities in Type II Diabetic Cataracts During Phacoemulsification
Authors: Khokhar Sudarshan , Pangtey Mayank S , Soni  
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To record the surgical peculiarities during phacoemulsification in patients with type II diabetes.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective, noncomparative analysis. Data from 58 eyes of 43 patients having significant cataract with type II diabetes of more than 5 years' duration who underwent phacoemulsification were considered. Intraoperative difficulties and complications were noted and analyzed.
* RESULTS: In 24.13% (n = 14) of the cases, the nucleus could not be divided after initial trenching. The management of the nucleus and the cortex required modifications in the surgical technique.
* CONCLUSIONS: Type II diabetic cataracts were sticky and leathery in approximately one-quarter of the cases.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:100-103.]
Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry of Nonperfused Regions of the Optic Nerve Head in Patients With Glaucoma
Authors: Simon Guy J Ben , Moroz Iriz , Goldenfeld Mordechai , Melamed Shlomo 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To examine the reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry in measuring capillary flow in regions of the optic nerve head, which are manifested differently by confocal tomographic angiography.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Capillary blood flow of the optic nerve head was measured in 16 eyes of 13 patients who had glaucoma with moderate to severe visual field defects. Blood flow measurements were taken by the scanning laser Doppler flowmeter and analyzed using the automatic full-field perfusion image analyzer (AFFPIA). Flow values were compared between perfused and nonperfused halves of the optic nerve head. Vascular anatomy of the optic nerve head was evaluated by confocal laser tomography with indocyanine green injection, and visual field tests by a standard visual field analyzer.
* RESULTS: Analysis of laser capillary flow parameters by the AFFPIA disclosed a mean lower flow value in nonperfused compared with perfused discs (426 ± 310 vs 547 ± 306; P = .006). There was also a positive correlation between visual field defect and capillary angiography of the optic nerve head.
* CONCLUSIONS: Flow measurements of the optic nerve head by scanning laser Doppler flowmetry using the AFFPIA revealed a mean lower flow value in nonperfused discs of patients who had glaucoma with severe visual field defect. Capillary angiography demonstrated by Heidelberg retina angiography has a good correlation with the pattern of visual field defect.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003,34:245-250.]
Indocyanine Green Dye-Enhanced Transpupillary Thermotherapy of Classic Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Sharma Tarun , Shah Nitant , Gopal Lingam , Shanmugam Mahesh P , Bhende Pramod , Bhende Muna , Shetty Nitin S , Sukumar B 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of indocyanine green dye-enhanced transpupillary thermotherapy for the treatment of classic subfoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) with differing etiologies.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nine eyes of 9 patients with classic subfoveal CNVM with different etiologies that was treated with indocyanine green dye-enhanced transpupillary thermotherapy were prospectively studied. All patients underwent pretreatment fluorescein angiography. Three minutes after dye injection (25 mg of indocyanine green), transpupillary thermotherapy was delivered using a modified diode laser at 810 nm, with a variable spot size of 0.8 to 2 mm depending on the size of the CNVM. A power range between 100 and 800 mW was used and treatment was initiated in one spot for 60 seconds; the end point was a barely detectable light gray appearance of the lesion. The outcome measures were assessed by Snellen visual acuity chart and obliteration of the CNVM by fluorescein angiography. Mean follow-up was 16 months.
* RESULTS: Obliteration of the CNVM was seen in all patients during the last visit. Visual acuity improved in one eye and remained stable (±2 line change on Snellen chart) in three eyes. Three eyes revealed a moderate visual loss of 3 to 4 lines and two eyes had a severe decline (> 5 lines) in vision. None of the eyes exhibited recurrence of the CNVM during follow-up.
* CONCLUSIONS: Indocyanine green dye-enhanced transpupillary thermotherapy was highly effective in closing classic CNVM in all cases without any recurrence. Visual acuity was either stabilized or improved in 4 of 9 eyes (44.5%).
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:197-206.]
Predictors of Success in Macular Hole Surgery With Emphasis on the Internal Limiting Membrane (ILM) and ILM Peeling
Authors: Oz Ozay , Fudemberg Scott J , Cakir Banu , Jones Michael P , Akduman Levent 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the predictors of success in macular hole surgery.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two eyes of 2 1 patients underwent macular hole surgery. The hole closure rate and the visual improvement were studied based on the preoperative visual acuity, stage and duration of the macular hole, the type of intravitreal tamponade used, and internal limiting membrane peeling. The internal limiting membrane was peeled only when it was clinically prominent.
* RESULTS: Macular holes were closed in 19 of the 22 eyes and visual improvement of 2 lines or more was achieved in 17 eyes. Preoperative visual acuity, duration of the macular hole, type of intraocular tamponade used, and internal limiting membrane peeling did not affect the outcome. A final visual acuity of 20/70 or better was more common after surgery for stage 2 holes (P =.01 9).
* CONCLUSION: The best predictor of outcome was the stage of the hole, with best results obtained in stage 2 holes.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:207214.]
Visual Results and Complications of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation After Capsular Tear During Phacoemulsification
Authors: Onal Sumru , Gozum Nilufer , Gucukoglu Ahmet 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the visual outcome and complications of posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation after capsular tear in patients undergoing phacoemulsification at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery for senile cataract from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 1998, were reviewed. Patient inclusion criteria were implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens after phacoemulsification, being operated on by one of two surgeons, and a follow-up of at least 1 year. There were 58 eyes in the group with capsular tear and 1 59 eyes in the group with intact capsule.
* RESULTS: A final visual acuity of 0.8 or more was more common in eyes with uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery (chi-square = 16.25, P= .03). Refraction stabilized most commonly at 2 to 6 months postoperatively in patients with capsular tear and 1 to 21 days postoperatively in patients with uncomplicated phacoemulsification (chi-square = 22.61, P< .001). Complications such as retinal detachment (odds ratio = 11.70, P< .05), cystoid macular edema (odds ratio = 26.33, P< .01), increased intraocular pressure (odds ratio = 14.54, P < .05), and decentration of the intraocular lens (odds ratio = 32.79, P = .00 1 ) were more frequendy observed in eyes with capsular tear.
* CONCLUSIONS: It takes longer for the refraction to stabilize in eyes with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation after capsular tear during phacoemulsification. Complications such as retinal detachment, cystoid macular edema, increased intraocular pressure, and decentration of the intraocular lens are more common in these patients, and therefore they should be observed for a longer period of time.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:219-224.]
Effective Treatment of Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema by Temporal Grid Pattern Photocoagulation
Authors: Shimum Masahiko , Yasuda Kanako , Nakazawa Toru , Ota Satsuki , Tamai Makoto 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of laser grid pattern photocoagulation to the macula but not the papillomacular bundle for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five eyes of 23 patients with diffuse diabetic macular edema underwent laser grid photocoagulation excluding the papillomacular bundle area. Best-corrected visual acuity by Snellen chart, foveal thickness using a retinal mapping program by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and mean deviation sensitivity by Humphrey automated central perimetry were investigated before and 1, 3, and 6 months after the treatment.
* RESULTS: Six months after treatment, the visual acuity was improved by 2 or more lines in 16 eyes (43%) and the foveal thickness decreased in 32 eyes (91%). The mean deviation worsened in 34 eyes (97%). There was a significant correlation between the improvement of visual acuity and the initial mean deviation, suggesting that a better visual acuity would be expected with a preoperative mean deviation of approximately -20 dB.
* CONCLUSION: Grid pattern photocoagulation without treatment to the papillomacular bundle area was effective in treating diffuse diabetic macular edema, especially in eyes with an initial mean deviation showing moderate dysfunction.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:270-280.]
Age-Related Differences in Normal Corneal Topography
Authors: Topuz Habibe , Ozdemir Murat , Cinal Adnan , Gumusalan Yakup 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare age-related differences in the corneal topography of a normal population using a computerized corneal topography system.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The randomized comparative study included 240 eyes of 120 subjects with normal corneas. Subjects were divided into six age groups: 5 to 10 years (group 1), 11 to 20 years (group 2), 21 to 30 years (group 3), 31 to 40 years (group 4), 41 to 50 years (group 5), and 51 years or older (group 6). Average corneal power and corneal astigmatism were examined. An average corneal topography map was constructed and the astigmatism pattern was determined in each age group.
* RESULTS: Average corneal power values were 41.64 ± 0.85 diopters (D), 42.35 ± 0.90 D, 42.63 ± 0.99 D, 42.94 ± 0.93 D, 43.38 ± 0.77 D, and 43.53 ± 0.88 D in groups 1 to 6, respectively (P < .001). Mean astigmatism values were similar in all age groups (P = .225). Younger subjects had with-the-rule astigmatism, but older subjects showed a shift to oblique or against-the-rule astigmatism. The averaged maps of groups 1 to 3 showed a vertical bow-tie pattern, but the central steep area gradually extended horizontally and it became a round configuration in groups 4 to 6.
* CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the normal cornea becomes steeper in the horizontal line and superior vertical quadrant and shifts from with-the-rule to against-the-rule astigmatism, but the amount of physiological corneal astigmatism does not change with age.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:298-303.]
A New and Improved Vitreoretinal Erbium:YAG Laser Scalpel: Long-Term Morphologic Characteristics of Retinal-Choroidal Injury
Authors: Joseph Daniel P , Allen Peter , Negus Dan , Hobart Jim 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report a modified erbium:YAG laser scalpel designed to incise tissue more efficiently and safely than other systems reported to date.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: An erbium:YAG laser delivery system was built to deliver laser energy in bursts of micropulses with a repetition rate of 1,000 Hz. The laser was coupled to handpieces with tip designs equipped with shields, backstops, and beveled, straight, and flexible fibers. In vivo studies in the rabbit eye were performed to determine damage threshold, optimal pulse energy, and burst frequency required to make incisions in the retina and choroid. The safety profile and directional control provided by the handpieces were tested for consistency. Partial- and full-thickness retinal-choroidal incisions were examined clinically and histologically at various time intervals.

* RESULTS: The best incisions were obtained at a fluence of 3.5 J/cm
p 2
or greater, a burst repetition rate of 10 to 40 Hz, and 6 micropulses per burst. Retinal damage occurred when incising laser energy was used 500 µm or closer to the retinal surface. Depth of penetration of laser energy did not depend on burst repetition rate. The use of laser endoprobes equipped with shields and backstops provides absolute protection from stray laser energy in aqueous media. The use of flexible beveled fiber tips provides reliable, accurate directional control. Retinal-choroidal incisions and damage resulted in local retinal-choroidal degeneration and adhesion formation.

* CONCLUSION: The modifications to the erbium:YAG laser scalpel provide a more efficient, versatile, and safe application to vitreoretinal surgery than any system reported to date.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:304-315.]
Wavelength Independence and Interdevice Variability of Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Schuman Stefanie G , Hertzmark Ellen , Fujimoto James G , Schuman Joel S 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Comparison of nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness and macular retinal thickness measurements in two different commercial optical coherence tomography (OCT) machines with the same and different super luminescent diode lasers (SLDs).
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty eyes of 30 subjects were studied, with each eye scanned on two different OCT machines on the same day. Three 3.4-mm diameter circumpapillary NFL scans and six 6mm radial scans centered on the fovea were obtained. Macular volumes were calculated from the central 3.45 mm of the 6 radial scans.
* RESULTS: The first study (identical SLDs of 850 nm) included 10 eyes of 10 subjects for mean NFL thickness and 6 eyes of 6 subjects for macular volume. There was no systematic difference between the measurements on the two machines for NFL (difference = 5.6 µm, standard error [SE] = 3.8, P= .18) or macular volume (difference = -0.003 mm3, SE = 0.064, P = .96). The second study (SLDs of 850 and 820 nm) included 20 eyes of 20 subjects. There was no significant difference between the two machines for mean NFL (difference = 3.4 µm, SE = 2.9, P= 0.26) or macular volume (difference = -.017 mm3, SE = 0.017, P = .33). For the smaller areas of the macular scan, several (including the outer ring) showed a significant systematic difference between measurements at the two wavelengths, but even these had at most 12% of the total variance attributable to the different wavelengths.
* CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that OCT measurements of NFL thickness do not differ much when the device or the wavelength of the SLD is changed. Some measurements of the macular thickness in specific areas may differ systematically for different wavelengths, but in most cases the difference is small.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:316-320.]
The Smooth Surface Tunnel Porous Polyethylene Enucleation Implant
Authors: Woog John J , Dresner Steven C , Lee Tae Soo , Kim Yoon-Duck , Hartstein Morris E , Shore John W , Neuhaus Russell W , Kaltreider Sara A , Migliori Michael E , Mandeville John T H , Roh Joo Heon , Amatto Malena M 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe early clinical results with the porous polyethylene smooth surface tunnel (SST) enucleation implant.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Uncontrolled, prospective interventional case series of patients undergoing enucleation with placement of the SST implant. This implant consists of a porous polyethylene sphere with a smooth anterior surface containing pre-drilled tunnels to facilitate direct suturing of the rectus muscles to the implant without use of an implant wrap. Postoperatively, socket healing was assessed, and prosthesis and socket motility were evaluated by the surgeon using an ordinal scale (0 = no motility to 4 = excellent motility).
* RESULTS: Thirty patients received the SST implant, with a mean follow-up of more than 23 months. Two cases of exposure occurred and were managed surgically without the need for explantation. Mean socket motility was 3.1 on a 0 to 4 ordinal scale, with mean prosthesis motility of 2.8.
* CONCLUSION: The SST implant provides satisfactory socket motility and is generally well tolerated in the anophthalmic socket without the need for wrapping material.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:358-362.]
Comparison of the Thermal Effect on Clear Corneal Incisions During Phacoemulsification With Different Generation Machines
Authors: Kaushik Sushmita , Ram Jagat , Brar Gagandeep Singh , Bandyopadhyay Supratik 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Older generation phacoemulsification units are widely employed where economics do not permit frequent upgrades. Thermal effects on the cornea while performing phacoemulsification with different generation machines were evaluated.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The thermal effect on the clear corneal incision during uncomplicated phacoemulsification performed by the Series 10,000 (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX) and the Diplomax (Allergan, Irvine, CA) machines was clinically evaluated and correlated with the effective phacoemulsification time required. The clinical outcome was analyzed with respect to wound closure and surgically induced corneal astigmatism.
* RESULTS: The average effective phacoemulsification time required to emulsify a grade IV cataract was 88.33 ± 15.81 seconds with the Series 10,000 machine and 61.67 ± 21.79 seconds with the Diplomax machine. A grade 2 or more thermal effect was seen in 19.33% of patients operated on with the Series 10,000 machine and 3.22% of patients operated on with the Diplomax machine. The resultant tissue retraction affected wound closure and mean surgically induced corneal astigmatism (1.71 ± 1-05 D with the Diplomax machine and 2.21 ± 1.32 D with the Series 10,000 machine).
* CONCLUSIONS: Newer generation machines require less phacoemulsification power to emulsify hard cataracts, and the clinical outcomes are more favorable. Incision burns must be kept in mind when working with older generation phacoemulsification machines.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:364-370.]
Management of Magnetic Intravitreal Foreign Bodies in 71 Eyes
Authors: Soheilian Masoud , Abolhasani Abbas , Ahmadieh Hamid , Azarmina Mohsen , Dehgan Mohammad H , Mashavekhi Arman , Siadat Farshid , Moshfeghi Andrew A , Peyman Gholam A 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the management of a series of eyes with magnetic intravitreal foreign bodies.* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective review examined consecutive cases of ocular injury associated with intraocular foreign bodies; 71 eyes included had a single metallic intraocular foreign body (< 5 mm) located in the vitreous cavity removed by external magnet or intraocular forceps. Variables included preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, retinal break formation, retinal detachment, presence of an afferent pupillary defect, intraocular pressure, entrance site, foreign body size, method of extraction, and time between occurrence and surgical extraction.* RESULTS: Factors predictive of good visual outcome (visual acuity > 20/200) were: shortest interval between trauma and foreign body extraction, preoperative visual acuity of 20/200 or better, and absence of afferent pupillary defect.* CONCLUSIONS: In this nonrandomized study, good visual results could be obtained in eyes undergoing prompt foreign body removal, especially those with good preoperative visual acuity and no afferent pupillary defect.[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:372378.]
Blood Flow Studies and Serological Testing in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Glaucoma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Greenfield David S , Bagga Harmohina 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evalu ate the prevalence of hemodynamically significant carotid artery stenosis, peripapillary blood flow, and serologie abnormalities in a pilot study among patients with glaucoma.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: All subjects underwent complete eye examination, standard automated perimetry, carotid Doppler ultrasonography, serum laboratory testing, and scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF). Subjects were subdivided into two groups based on glaucoma subtype (normal-tension vs primary open-angle glaucoma) and severity (mild vs moderate-advanced) .

* RESULTS: Twenty eyes of 20 patients with associated glaucomatous visual field loss were enrolled. No significant differences in age, gender, intraocular pressure, systemic comorbidity, number of antiglaucoma medications, and prior filtration surgery were observed between the groups based on the type and severity of glaucoma. The prevalence of clinically significant (> 70%) carotid stenosis, mean peripapillary blood flow assessed by SLDF, mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean hematocrit, mean hemoglobin, and positive FTA-ABS was similar in both groups. Severity of glaucomatous damage as determined by visual field mean defect did not correlate with the degree of carotid anery stenosis (R2 < 0.0001, P= .99) or peripapillary blood flow derived from mean SLDF (R
p 2
= 0.0005, P =.92).

* CONCLUSION: Data from this pilot study demonstrate that the prevalence of hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis, peripapillary blood flow, and serologie abnormalities are similar in patients with normal-tension and primary open-angle glaucoma, and do not correlate with glaucoma severity.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:406-4l4.]
Management of Porous Polyethylene Implant Exposure in Patients With Retinoblastoma Following Enucleation
Authors: Kim Jong-Hyun , Khwarg Sang-In , Choung Ho Kyung , Yu Young Suk 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report the features and the management of porous polyethylene implant exposure in patients with retinoblastoma following enucleation.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 33 patients (33 sockets) following enucleation and porous polyethylene implantation for retinoblastoma were reviewed.
* RESULTS: The mean age at enucleation was 24 months (range, 2 to 85 months). The exposure rate was 33% (11 cases), and the mean time from enucleation to exposure was 15 months (range, 7 to 29 months). One case was resolved only by supportive management, and the remaining 10 were successfully treated with a scleral patch graft and maintained well during a mean follow-up of 15 months after surgical repair. There was no statistical evidence that age, gender, implant size, or chemotherapy had an effect on implant exposure.
* CONCLUSIONS: Porous polyethylene implant exposure does not seem to be resolved by conservative management. We recommend early surgical management, such as scleral patch graft, as opposed to supportive management.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:446452.]