bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Porphyrin Spin Qubit and Its 2D Framework Nanosheets
Authors: Urtizberea Ainhoa , Natividad Eva , Alonso Pablo J. , Andrés Miguel A. , Gascón Ignacio , Goldmann Michel , Roubeau Olivier 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMolecular spin qubits have been shown to reach sufficiently long quantum coherence times to envision their use as hardware in quantum processors. These will however require their implementation in hybrid solid‐state devices for which the controlled localization and homogeneous orientation of the molecular qubits will be necessary. An alternative to isolated molecules that can ensure these key aspects is 2D framework in which the qubit would act as node. In this work, it is demonstrated that the isolated metalloporphyrin [Cu(H4TCPP)] molecule is a potential spin qubit, and maintains similar quantum coherence as node in a 2D [{CuTCPP}Zn2(H2O)2] metal–organic framework. Mono‐ and multilayer deposits of nanosheets of a similar 2D framework are then successfully formed following a modular method based on Langmuir–Schaefer conditions. The orientation of the {CuTCPP} qubit nodes in these nanosheets is homogeneous parallel to the substrate. These nanosheets are also formed with a control over the qubit concentration, i.e., by dilution with the unmetallated porphyrin. Eventually, 2D nanosheets are formed in situ directly on a substrate, through a simple protocol devised to reproduce the Langmuir–Schaefer conditions locally. Altogether these studies show that 2D spin qubit frameworks are ideal components to develop a hybrid quantum computing architecture.
Hierarchical Domain Structure and Extremely Large Wall Current in Epitaxial BiFeO3 Thin Films
Authors: Bai Zi Long , Cheng Xiao Xing , Chen Dong Fang , Zhang David Wei , Chen Long‐Qing , Scott James F. , Hwang Cheol Seong , Jiang An Quan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractErasable electrical conductive domain walls in an insulating ferroelectric matrix provide novel functionalities for applications in logic and memory devices. The crux of such success requires sufficiently high wall currents to drive high‐speed and high‐power nanodevices. This work provides an appealing strategy to increase the current by two orders of magnitude through the careful selection of current flowing paths along the charged walls. The dense walls come into form through the hierarchical evolution of the 71°, 109°, and 180° domains of epitaxial BiFeO3 films in a planar‐geometry ferroelectric resistance‐switching memory cell. The engineered films grown on SrTiO3 and GdScO3 substrates allow the observation of detailed local configurations and the evolution of the different domain types using vector piezo‐force microscopy. The higher local electrical conductivity near the charged domain walls is identified by conductive atomic‐force microscopy. It is shown that 180° domain reversal proceeds by three‐step 71° rotations of the pristine domains. Surprisingly, a maximum current of ≈300 nA is observed for current paths along charge‐uncompensated head‐to‐head hierarchical domain walls connecting the two electrodes on the film surface. Furthermore, the achievable current level can be conveniently controlled by varying the relative directions of the initial polarization and the applied field.
Unraveling the Main Chain and Side Chain Effects on Thin Film Morphology and Charge Transport in Quinoidal Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Liu Xuncheng , He Bo , Garzón‐Ruiz Andrés , Navarro Amparo , Chen Teresa L. , Kolaczkowski Matthew A. , Feng Shizhen , Zhang Lianjie , Anderson Christopher A. , Chen Junwu , Liu Yi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThree series of low‐bandgap polymers based on a novel quinoidal para‐azaquinodimethane (p‐AQM) unit are devised and synthesized, enabling an in‐depth study of the impact of structural factors such as polymer main chain, branching point of the side chain, and the length of the branch chains on the thin film morphologies and charge transport properties. Morphological studies reveal that the polymers composed of larger repeating units exhibit a stronger tendency to form edge‐on lamella. On the other hand, altering the side chain structures of polymers with the same main chain configuration indicates that the branching point position has a more deterministic impact than the branch chain length on the interchain interactions and the crystallite orientation. These results demonstrate a compound odd‐even effect of the branching point on the chain packing and morphology, which correlates well with the corresponding field effect transistor performances. The polymer with the branching point at the fourth carbon displays the highest charge carrier mobility over 1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1, concurrent with a bimodal texture. This study provides a comprehensive description of the correlations between polymer structures, thin film morphology, and device performances, providing a clear path to desirable bimodal thin film texture for charge transport.
Co‐Based Catalysts Derived from Layered‐Double‐Hydroxide Nanosheets for the Photothermal Production of Light Olefins
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Liu Jinjia , Zhao Yufei , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Chen Guangbo , Shi Run , Zhang Xin , Liu Xingwu , Wei Yinmao , Wen Xiao‐Dong , Wu Li‐Zhu , Tung Chen‐Ho , Zhang Tierui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSolar‐driven Fischer–Tropsch synthesis represents an alternative and potentially low‐cost route for the direct production of light olefins from syngas (CO and H2). Herein, a series of novel Co‐based photothermal catalysts with different chemical compositions are successfully fabricated by H2 reduction of ZnCoAl‐layered double‐hydroxide nanosheets at 300–700 °C. Under UV–vis irradiation, the photothermal catalyst prepared at 450 °C demonstrates remarkable CO hydrogenation performance, affording an olefin (C2–4=) selectivity of 36.0% and an olefin/paraffin ratio of 6.1 at a CO conversion of 15.4%. Characterization studies using X‐ray absorption fine structure and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal that the active catalyst comprises Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles on a ZnO–Al2O3 mixed metal oxide support. Density functional theory calculations further demonstrate that the oxide‐decorated metallic Co nanoparticle heterostructure weakens the further hydrogenation ability of the corresponding Co, leading to the high selectivity to light olefins. This study demonstrates a novel solar‐driven catalyst platform for the production of light olefins via CO hydrogenation.
Experimental warming advances phenology of groundlayer plants at the boreal‐temperate forest ecotone
Authors: Rice Karen E. , Montgomery Rebecca A. , Stefanski Artur , Rich Roy L. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: June 2018

Premise of the StudyChanges to plant phenology have been linked to warmer temperatures caused by climate change. Despite the importance of the groundlayer to community and forest dynamics, few warming experiments have focused on herbaceous plant and shrub phenology.MethodsUsing a field study in Minnesota, United States, we investigated phenological responses of 16 species to warming over five growing seasons (2009–2013) at two sites, under two canopy covers, and in three levels of simultaneous above‐ and belowground warming: ambient temperature, ambient +1.7°C and ambient +3.4°C. We tested whether warming led to earlier phenology throughout the growing season and whether responses varied among species and years and depended on canopy cover.Key ResultsWarming extended the growing season between 11–30 days, primarily through earlier leaf unfolding. Leaf senescence was delayed for about half of the species. Warming advanced flowering across species, especially those flowering in August, with modest impacts on fruit maturation for two species. Importantly, warming caused more than half of the species to either converge or diverge phenologically in relation to each other, suggesting that future warmed climate conditions will alter phenological relationships of the groundlayer. Warm springs elicited a stronger advance of leaf unfolding compared to cool spring years. Several species advanced leaf unfolding (in response to warming) more in the closed canopy compared to the open.ConclusionsClimate warming will extend the growing season of groundlayer species in the boreal‐temperate forest ecotone and alter the synchrony of their phenology.
Association between venous blood lactate levels and differences in quantitative capillary refill time
Authors: Oi Yasufumi , Sato Kosuke , Nogaki Ayako , Shinohara Mafumi , Matsumoto Jun , Abe Takeru , Morimura Naoto 
Published: June 2018

AimCapillary refill time has been widely adopted for clinical assessment of the circulatory status of patients in emergency settings. We previously introduced quantitative capillary refill time and found a positive association between longer quantitative capillary refill time and higher lactate levels in the intensive care units, but not in the emergency department. In this study, we aimed to identify a quantitative and clinically applicable index of circulatory status (ΔAb) that can be measured with quantitative capillary refill time, then evaluated the linear association between this index and lactate levels in the emergency department.MethodsWe undertook a prospective single‐center observational study at a university hospital from November 2015 to July 2016. We included 139 patients with endogenous diseases to test the association between quantitative capillary refill time, ΔAb (measured with a pulse oximeter), and lactate levels.ResultsΔAb was independently and significantly associated with high lactate levels (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.16 [0.05–0.45]).ConclusionsWe introduced ΔAb, measured using quantitative capillary refill time, as a surrogate index of lactate levels to overcome the shortcomings of capillary refill time. We showed that ΔAb is a feasible, non‐invasive, and rapid assessment of patients with high lactate levels in emergency primary care settings. Future multicenter studies with a longitudinal design should be undertaken to verify our findings.
Katalytische Umwandlung von funktionalisierten cyclischen organischen Carbonaten
Authors: Guo Wusheng , Gómez José Enrique , Cristòfol Àlex , Xie Jianing , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFunktionalisierte cyclische organische Carbonate und deren heterocyclischen Derivate sind eine sehr vielseitige Gruppe heterocyclischer Substrate, deren katalytische Ringöffnung und Decarboxylierung die Entwicklung neuartiger Synthesewege zur Herstellung stereo‐ und enantioselektiver C‐N‐, C‐O‐, C‐C‐, C‐S‐ und C‐B‐Bindungen ermöglicht. Erst kürzlich wurden Übergangsmetall‐vermittelte Umwandlungen als wirksame Methode zur Synthese komplexerer Moleküle wiederentdeckt. Dieser Kurzaufsatz illustriert das Potential cyclischer Carbonate und ihrer strukturell verwandten Heterocyclen, mit einem besonderen Fokus auf dem synthetischen Nutzen und der mechanistischen Mannigfaltigkeit ihrer Umwandlungen.
Sodiation of Arenes and Heteroarenes in Continuous Flow
Authors: Weidmann Niels , Ketels Marthe , Knochel Paul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe first sodiations of (hetero)arenes in continuous flow using NaDA (sodium diisopropylamide) in Me2EtN are reported. This flow procedure enables sodiation of functionalized arenes and heteroarenes that decompose under batch‐sodiation conditions. The resulting sodiated (hetero)arenes react instantly with various electrophiles, such as ketones, aldehydes, isocyanates, alkyl bromides, and disulfides, affording polyfunctionalized (hetero)arenes in high yields. Scale‐up is possible without further optimization.
Activation and Deactivation Strategies Promoted by Medium Effects for Selective Aliphatic C−H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Bietti Massimo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSelective functionalization of unactivated aliphatic C−H bonds represents an important goal of modern synthetic chemistry. Differentiating between such bonds in organic molecules with high levels of selectivity remains a crucial issue, and a profound understanding of even the subtlest reactivity trends is needed. Among the methods that have been developed, those based on hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) have attracted considerable interest. Within this framework, medium effects have proved effective in altering the reactivity and site selectivity in synthetically useful C−H functionalization procedures. In this Review, the mechanistic features behind the available strategies are discussed. It is shown that hydrogen bonding and acid–base interactions can promote C−H bond activation or deactivation toward HAT reagents, thereby providing fine‐control over the site selectivity and product chemoselectivity as well as useful guidelines for future development and applications.
Functionalizable Stereocontrolled Cyclopolyethers by Ring‐Closing Metathesis as Natural Polymer Mimics
Authors: Alkattan Mohammed , Prunet Joëlle , Shaver Michael P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhereas complex stereoregular cyclic architectures are commonplace in biomacromolecules, they remain rare in synthetic polymer chemistry, thus limiting the potential to develop synthetic mimics or advanced materials for biomedical applications. Herein we disclose the formation of a stereocontrolled 1,4‐linked six‐membered cyclopolyether prepared by ring‐closing metathesis (RCM). Ru‐mediated RCM, with careful control of the catalyst, concentration, and temperature, selectively affords the six‐membered‐ring cyclopolymer. Under optimized reaction conditions, no metathetical degradation, macrocycle formation, or cross‐linking was observed. Post‐polymerization modification by dihydroxylation afforded a novel polymer family encompassing a poly(ethylene glycol) backbone and sugar‐like functionalities (“PEGose”). This strategy also paves the way for using RCM as an efficient method to synthesize other stereocontrolled cyclopolymers.
Fabrication of Light‐Triggered Soft Artificial Muscles via a Mixed‐Matrix Membrane Strategy
Authors: Yu Qi , Yang Xiaojie , Chen Yao , Yu Kaiqing , Gao Jia , Liu Zunfeng , Cheng Peng , Zhang Zhenjie , Aguila Briana , Ma Shengqian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractArtificial muscles triggered by light are of great importance, especially for the development of non‐contact and remotely controlled materials. Common materials for synthesis of photoinduced artificial muscles typically rely on polymer‐based photomechanical materials. Herein, we are able to prepare artificial muscles using a mixed‐matrix membrane strategy to incorporate photomechanical molecular crystals with connective polymers (e.g. PVDF). The formed hybrid materials inherit not only the advantages of the photomechanical crystals, including faster light response, higher Young's modulus and ordered structure, but also the elastomer properties from polymers. This new type of artificial muscles demonstrates various muscle movements, including lifting objects, grasping objects, crawling and swimming, triggered by light irradiation. These results open a new direction to prepare light‐driven artificial muscles based on molecular crystals.
Amorphous Porous Organic Polymers Based on Schiff‐Base Chemistry for Highly Efficient Iodine Capture
Authors: Guo Zongxia , Sun Panli , Zhang Xiao , Lin Jianbin , Shi Tong , Liu Shaofeng , Sun Abin , Li Zhibo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPorous organic polymers (POPs) have been considered as prominent adsorbents for volatile iodine. So far, both crystalline and amorphous POPs have accomplished excellent iodine capture capability. Considering the difficulty and challenges in preparing perfect crystalline POPs, more explorations into developing versatile amorphous POPs are needed. Herein, amorphous POPs based on the Schiff‐base reaction were designed and synthesized for volatile iodine removal. Four amorphous POPs products named as NDB‐H, NDB‐S, ADB‐HS, and ADB‐S obtained under different solvothermal conditions were investigated in terms of their morphologies, porosity, and their iodine enrichment performance in detail. It is noteworthy that excellent efficiency for removing iodine vapor was acquired for NDB‐S (≈425 wt %), ADB‐HS (≈345 wt %), and ADB‐S (≈342 wt %). Remarkably, NDB‐H exhibited an iodine capture capacity up to ≈443 wt %. Excellent reusability was obtained as well. Amorphous NDB‐H has accomplished an extremely high iodine capture performance, illustrating the great chance to exploit versatile amorphous POPs for iodine enrichment and removal based on Schiff‐base chemistry.
Synthesis, Isolation and Structures of Trifluoromethylated Fullerenes D2‐C76, C76(1)(CF3)10–18
Authors: Tamm Nadezhda B. , Ignat'eva Daria V. , Aslanov Leonid A. , Troyanov Sergey I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigh‐temperature trifluoromethylation of fullerene C76 chlorination products followed by HPLC separation of C76(CF3)n derivatives resulted in the isolation and X‐ray structural characterization of thirteen C76(1)(CF3)n compounds including nine new isomers such as one isomer of C76(1)(CF3)10, two C76(1)(CF3)12, three C76(1)(CF3)14, one C76(1)(CF3)16, and two isomers of C76(1)(CF3)18. Depending on their addition patterns, C76(1)(CF3)n isomers are divided into three subgroups and discussed in terms of trifluoromethylation pathways and relative formation energies.
The loss‐bet paradox: Actuaries, accountants, and other numerate people rate numerically inferior gambles as superior
Authors: Peters Ellen , Fennema M.G. , Tiede Kevin E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPsychologists have convincingly demonstrated that preferences are not always stable and, instead, are often “constructed” based on information available in the judgment or decision context. In 4 studies with experts (accountants and actuaries in Studies 1 and 2, respectively) and a diverse lay population (Studies 3 and 4), the evidence was consistent with the highly numerate being more likely than the less numerate to construct their preferences by rating a numerically inferior bet as superior (i.e., the bets effect). Thus, the effect generalizes beyond a college student sample, and preference construction differs by numeracy. Contrary to prior thinking about preference construction, however, high expertise and high ability (rather than low) consistently related to the paradoxical phenomenon. Results across studies including Study 3's experimental modifications of the task supported the hypothesized number comparison process (and not a lack of expertise with monetary outcomes and probabilities or numeracy‐related differences in attention to numbers) as the effect's underlying cause. The bets effect was not attenuated by Study 4's instructions to think about what would be purchased with bet winnings. Task results combined with free‐response coding supported the notion that highly numerate participants have a systematic and persistent inclination for doing simple and complex number operations that drive their judgments (even after controlling for nonnumeric intelligence). Implications for 3 types of dual‐process theories are discussed. The results were inconsistent with default‐interventionist theories, consistent or unclear with respect to fuzzy trace theory, and consistent with interactive theories.
Broadened glycosylation patterning of heterologously produced erythromycin
Authors: Fang Lei , Zhang Guojian , El‐Halfawy Omar , Simon Max , Brown Eric D. , Pfeifer Blaine A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe biosynthetic flexibility associated with the antibiotic natural product erythromycin is both remarkable and utilitarian. Product formation is marked by a modular nature where directing compound variation increasingly spans both the secondary metabolite core scaffold and adorning functionalization patterns. The resulting molecular diversity allows for chemical expansion of the native compound structural space. Accordingly, associated antibiotic bioactivity is expected to expand infectious disease treatment applications. In the enclosed work, new glycosylation patterns spanning the deoxysugars d‐forosamine, d‐allose, l‐noviose, and d‐vicenisamine were engineered within the erythromycin biosynthetic system established through an Escherichia coli heterologous production platform. The resulting analogs highlight the expanded flexibility of the erythromycin biosynthetic process. In addition, the new compounds demonstrated bioactivity against multiple Gram‐positive tester strains, including erythromycin‐resistant Bacillus subtilis, and limited activity against a Gram‐negative bacterial target.
Evaluation of the Anti‐Diabetic Activity of Polysaccharide from Cordyceps cicadae in Experimental Diabetic Rats
Authors: Zhang Qianping , Olatunji Opeyemi J. , Chen Hongxia , Tola Adesola J. , Oluwaniyi Omolara O. 
Published: June 2018

Cordyceps cicadae is a medicinal fungus used in treating night sweat, childhood convulsions, vision improvement and pain. This study was designed to evaluate the anti‐diabetic activity of the crude polysaccharide (SHF) from the mycelium and body portion of C. cicadae. Diabetes mellitus was induced in the rat with a single intravenous injection of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg). In other to evaluate the anti‐diabetic effects of C. cicadae polysaccharide in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats, the crude polysaccharide (SHF at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide were administered orally to diabetic rats for 30 days. Blood glucose level, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), creatinine (CREA), urea, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) were determined. SHF showed significant reduction in blood glucose in diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats also resulted an improvement in body weights, increased HDL, SOD and GSH, as well as decreased TC, TG, LDL, MDA, urea, CREA, ALT, AST and ALP. These results suggested that C. cicadae polysaccharide displayed anti‐hyperglycemic, anti‐hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities and could be a promising therapeutic source in managing diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.
An ANKRD26 nonsense somatic mutation in a female with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (Tree Man Syndrome)
Authors: Uddin K. M. Furkan , Amin Robed , Majumder Sabbiha Nadia , Aleem Mohammad Abdul , Rahaman Atikur , Dity Nushrat Jahan , Baqui M. D. Abdul , Akter Hosneara , Rahman Muhammad Mizanur , Woodbury‐Smith Marc , Scherer Stephen , Uddin Mohammed 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageEpidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an extremely rare hereditary skin disease characterized by an abnormal susceptibility to the human papilloma virus (HPV) with an increased risk of cutaneous malignancy. Here we report the first female severe EV case in Bangladesh, a 10‐year‐old girl with a nonsense somatic mutation impacting ANKRD26 gene.
Foreign body‐associated endobronchial inflammatory polyps
Authors: Higashiguchi Masayoshi , Jikuya Ryutaro , Kimura Hiromi , Matsumoto Tomoshige , Fujii Takashi 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageEndobronchial polypoid lesions can be observed after removal of a foreign body and usually regress without treatment. Bronchial obstruction with a foreign body can cause atelectasis in nonelderly adults without history of an episode of aspiration.