bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Adjustable Loop Suspensory Anterior Cruciate Ligament Fixation Devices
Authors: Dreier Mira , Bachmayer Samuel , Baumgartner Christian , Schröttner Jörg 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Along with increasing enthusiasm for sports comes an increase of sport related injuries. One of the most common injuries in the human knee is the tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The selection of a graft fixation device is an important factor that determines the outcome of an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Before the healing process is completed, the graft is dependent on tibial and femoral fixation devices to maintain normal ACL graft tension. Among various devices, the use of an adjustable loop suspensory fixation device (ALD) in soft-tissue graft reconstruction attracts current interest. An advantage of the ALD is the ability to draw the graft to the depth of the bone tunnel to achieve adequate graft tension while minimizing the empty space in the tunnel. In this study a comprehensive controlled laboratory investigation is performed to examine the biomechanical properties of commonly used cortical fixation devices, with the aim of implementing a standard testing procedure for adjustable loop devices. The procedure consists of three test series, a loop shortening test and two different stability test series (singe device and tendon device test). Those test series are used to compare the performance of a new ALD from Arthrex (Naples, USA) with five competitor devices already on the market. In order to obtain representative results eight samples of each device are tested. In comparison to the previously performed studies, a complete unloading is applied in the stability tests, which allows for a detailed examination of the ALDs locking mechanisms in dynamically loaded test situations. Furthermore, the performed loop shortening tests reveal important aspects, such as the shortening accuracy and settling effects of the loops, that are not found in previous studies. Therefore, the used test protocol can be recommended for further testing.
Endoscopic Pan/Tilt Camera for Thorax Interventions – Design and first results
Authors: Mrokon Alexander , Pott Peter P. , Steger Volker 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery in some cases suffers from a limited view because certain areas are obscured by others. In this paper, a system is described, which can be used in minimally invasive procedures as an addition to a standard endoscope to improve the range of view. Through FEM simulation a magnetic circuit was designed to position the camera head. Subsequently, a camera positioning system was set up that includes an extracorporeal and an intracorporeal unit. The first controls the intracorporeal system. The latter has a camera inclination angle of up to 65° and an additional vertically downward viewing angle when aligned in parallel (inclination angle 0°). The panning angle is 360°. The camera system was evaluated in lab and cadaver trials. It has been found that the size of the intracorporeal system (16 × 10 × 150 mm) represents a major problem. Future work will focus of the reduction of the system’s size, the improvement of the camera image quality, and design changes considering mechanical stability.
Manufacturing process for hydrogel vessel phantoms
Authors: Kalmar Marco , Hoffmann Thomas , Sauerhering Jörg , Klink Fabian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Phantoms mimicking special physiological processes of the human body are essential for evaluating prototypes of medical devices. Especially for thermometric MRI measurements, the temperature distribution in the brain needs to be simulated. Since this parameter is dependent on the tissue perfusion, a new hydrogel by MAGDASSIS et al. was evaluated in this work for building models with hollow artery structures. This hydrogel can be polymerized through UV-light due to the nanoparticles contained in it. Additionally, thermal parameters were measured and compared to human brain tissue. The indirect manufacturing of hydrogel phantoms showed good qualitative results for vessels with a diameter > 3 mm. In this process a 3D printed wax core was inserted in the hydrogel and the structure was then UV cured after molding. After curing the core was dissolved in an isopropanol bath. The thermal properties, obtained by the transient planesource- method, showed similar values compared to that of human brain tissue mentioned in literature. Further limitations in the manufacturing process needs to be overcome to use the indirect manufacture approach for smaller vessels of the brain.
Development of a Novel Low-cost Lung Function Simulator
Authors: Bautsch Florian , Männel Georg , Rostalski Philipp 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to test medical devices, industry increasingly uses simulators closely reassembling the behaviour of physiological systems. In the context of respiratory therapy, most available simulators are designed based on a ventilated volume. This highly adjustable volume allowing for fast dynamical changes often leads to very costintensive test devices, particularly when incorporating realistic spontaneous breathing. Therefore, in this article we introduce a novel concept for a low-cost lung simulator, capable of mimicking the ventilation behaviour of the human lung at the Y-piece of a mechanical ventilator. The proposed design does not require any enclosed spaces to hold inhaled air nor expensive precise linear actuators adjusting its volume. Instead, the setup is designed based on the design of a mechanical ventilator, connecting the system with one port to the ventilator and then dividing the hose into two independent branches. Each branch has an integrated radial fan and a proportional valve, controlling the inspiratory and expiratory flow, individually. The mass flow and pressure are measured at the systems inlet port, representing the condition at patient airway. In contrast to existing setups, the proposed design is not limited by the physical properties of a volume such as fixed maximum size, allowing the simulation of various types of patients and conditions. Numerical simulations to evaluate this system design showed the ability to generate a realistic spontaneous breathing pattern. With a first experimental setup it was possible to prove the feasibility of this approach, by generating common flow curves during spontaneous breathing. Building on this design, the approach could eventually lead to a more accessible method for testing.
Design and first results of a phantom study on the suitability of iterative reconstruction for lung-cancer screening with low-dose computer tomography
Authors: König Britta , Guberina Nika , Kühl Hilmar , Zylka Waldemar 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this research computer tomography (CT) iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms are investigated, specifically the impact of their statistical and model-based strength on image quality in low-dose lung screening CT protocols in comparison to filtered back projection (FBP). It has been probed whether statistical, model-based IR in conjunction with low-dose, and ultra-low-dose protocols are suitable for lungcancer screening. To this end, artificial lung nodules shaped as spheres and spicules made from material with calibrated Hounsfield units (HU) were attached on marked positions in the lung structure of an anthropomorphic phantom. Nodule positions were selected by distinguished radiologists. The phantom with nodules was scanned on a CT Scanner using standard high contrast (SHC), low-dose (LD) and ultra low-dose (ULD) protocol. For reconstruction FBP and the IR algorithm ADMIRE at three different strength levels were used. Volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product were recorded. Radiologists assessed subjective image quality using a six-point Likert scale by reading all image series in terms detectability of lung nodules. As a measurable objective image quality parameter signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were investigated. The CTDIvol decreases by more than 70% for all protocols and nodules compared to diagnostic reference value for chest CT (p<0.00001). The evaluation of image quality parameters, i.e. SNR, indicates that LD and ULD protocols in conjunction with IR assert high quality lung-nodule detection. The results reveal that IR algorithm with moderate to high strength is an indispensable alternative to FBP in low-dose scanning, thus, potentially suitable for lung-tumour screening.
Remotely controllable phantom rotation system for ultra-high field MRI to improve Cross Calibration
Authors: Odenbach Robert , Thoma Niklas , Mattern Hendrik , Friebe Michael 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Optical tracking systems, such as the Moiré Phase Tracking system (MPT), can be used to correct motion prospectively especially during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, MR) in neurologic application. For that an MRI safe camera is mounted in the MRI bore to detect motion by tracking a specific MPT marker, which is rigidly attached on the subject’s head. To enable prospective updates of the imaging volume´s position and orientation, and therefore to correct motion from the subject, the motion information captured from the camera need to be transformed from the camera into the MR coordinate system. The process of finding the transformation between both coordinate systems is called cross calibration and is essential for the overall motion correction performance. For the procedure of the cross calibration, an MR visible phantom with an attached MPT-marker is measured simultaneously with MRI and the MPT camera in multiple specific alignment positions. To reduce cross calibration errors, it is essential to move the phantom precisely into specified alignment positions. Due to the long and narrow bore design of ultra-high field systems (tunnel length > 3 m), the phantom can not be moved simply from a person leaning inside the scanner bore. Thus, to rotate it after each measurement step, either a technician must work inside the tunnel during the complete period of the cross calibration or the table must be moved in and out of the bore multiple times. To improve this currently established cross calibration procedure, we have developed an MRI safe phantom rotation system, which can be controlled remotely and precisely from outside the MRI bore. Even for ultra-high field imaging, the rotation system is fully MRI compatible. Initial tests were performed at a 7T whole-body MRI system and have proven the benefit of our rotation system.
Cholecalciferol modulates the phenotype of differentiated monocyte-derived dendritic cells without altering HIV-1 transfer to CD4+ T cells
Authors: Gonzalez Sandra M. , Aguilar-Jimenez Wbeimar , Alvarez Natalia , Rugeles Maria T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role during HIV-1 transmission due to their ability to transfer virions to susceptible CD4+ T cells, particularly in the lymph nodes during antigen presentation which favors the establishment of systemic infection. As mature dendritic cells (mDCs) exhibit a greater ability to transfer virions, compared to immature DCs (iDCs), maintenance of an iDC phenotype could decrease viral transmission. The immunomodulatory vitamin D (VitD) has been shown to reduce activation and maturation of DCs; hence, we hypothesized that it would reduce viral transference by DCs.

Materials and methods
We evaluated the effect of in vitro treatment with a precursor of VitD, cholecalciferol, on the activation/maturation phenotype of differentiated monocyte-derived DCs and their ability to transfer HIV-1 to autologous CD4+ T cells.

Results
Our findings show that although cholecalciferol decreases the activation of iDCs, it did not impact the maturation phenotype after LPS treatment nor iDCs’ ability to transfer viral particles to target cells.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that despite cholecalciferol potentially modulates the phenotype of mucosal iDCs in vivo, such modulation might not impact the ability of these cells to transfer HIV-1 to target CD4+ T cells.
The effect of life skills training with health literacy strategies on self-esteem and self-efficacy in female students during puberty
Authors: Jafarigiv Sara , Peyman Nooshin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Puberty is a sensitive period of life for developing specific skills and knowledge and acquiring abilities and attributes that are essential for managing emotions and assuming adult roles. Thus, this has implications for health educational programs to responses to the experimentation and exploration that takes place during puberty.

Objectives
This study aimed to examine the effect of life skills training using health literacy strategies on self-esteem and self-efficacy in adolescent female students.

Methods
This was a semi-experimental study with intervention-control groups performed on 96 female students (7th grade of high school) in Mashhad, Iran from January 2017 to Jun 2017. The sampling method was a multi-stage random sampling. The samples were divided into two groups: an intervention group and a control group (each one having 50 subjects) through the simple randomized approach. Data collection tools used were the Coopersmith Self-esteem Questionnaire and Sherer’s Self-efficacy Questionnaire. Life skills training for the intervention group consisted of five sessions of theoretical training and workshops with role play and were designed based on health literacy strategies. The pretest, posttest and follow-up (3 months after the intervention) was conducted for both groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 19 software (t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square (χ2) and repeated data analysis).

Results
Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of self-esteem score (p = 0.70) and self-efficacy (p = 0.10), but immediately after training, as well as 3 months later, a significant difference was found between the two groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Based on the findings, life skills educational interventions based on health literacy strategies could promote the self-esteem and self-efficacy abilities among female students during puberty.
Utilization of RHA in development of green composite material using RSM
Authors: Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Dwivedi Garima 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the present investigation, rice husk waste from rice mill was utilized in the development of aluminum based green metal matrix composite. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to develop green metal matrix composite by considering tensile strength as a response. Rice husk ash (RHA) was used as primary reinforcement material and B4C was used as a secondary reinforcement material in the development of composite. Microstructure results showed a uniform distribution of RHA and B4C in aluminum based matrix material. The optimum combination of reinforcement parameters was found to be RHA weight percentage of 7.8%, RHA preheats temperature of 231.12∘C, B4C preheats temperature of 435.24∘C and B4C wt.% of 6.67% respectively to achieve a tensile strength of 249.867 MPa.
Reconstituting neurovascular unit based on the close relations between neural stem cells and endothelial cells: an effective method to explore neurogenesis and angiogenesis
Authors: Hongjin Wang , Han Chen , Baoxiang Jiang , Shiqi Yu , Xiaoyu Xu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The discovery of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their microenvironment, the NSC niche, brought new therapeutic strategies through neurogenesis and angiogenesis for stroke and most neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Based on the close links between NSCs and endothelial cells, the integration of neurogenesis and angiogenesis of the NSC niche is also a promising area to the neurovascular unit (NVU) modeling and is now offering a powerful tool to advance our understanding of the brain. In this review, critical aspects of the NVU and model systems are discussed. First, we briefly describe the interaction of each part in the NSC niche. Second, we introduce the co-culture system, microfluidic platforms, and stem cell-derived 3D reconstitution used in NVU modeling based on the close relations between NSCs and endothelial cells, and various characteristics of cell interactions in these systems are also described. Finally, we address the challenges in modeling the NVU that can potentially be overcome by employing strategies for advanced biomaterials and stem cell co-culture use. Based on these approaches, researchers will continue to develop predictable technologies to control the fate of stem cells, achieve accurate screening of drugs for the nervous system, and advance the clinical application of NVU models.
Effect of iodine-containing antiseptics on urine iodine levels of surgical staff after iodization
Authors: Idiz Cemile , Altun Aysu , Basaran-Kucukgergin Canan , Kofoglu Zuhal , Sormaz Ismail Cem , Yarman Sema 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The routine use of topical iodinated antiseptic could be a possible cause of iodine contamination. This study was aimed to determine urinary iodine status of operation-room staff who routinely use iodine-containing antiseptics for cleansing of the hands after salt iodization.

Materials and methods
The study included 40 operation-room staff who use surgical hand-scrub solutions. Participants applied an iodized brush for a minimum of three times a day on weekdays and were iodine-free on the weekends. Morning urine samples from all volunteers to analyze the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) twice a week. Modified microplate method of Sandell-Kolthoff reaction used to measure UIC.

Results
The UICs were significantly higher on Friday (median 194 μg/L (70–396 μg/L)) compared to the Monday concentrations (median 125 μg/L (62–264 μg/L), p < 0.001). Mild iodine deficiency occurred in 32.5% of the subjects on Monday, in 5% on Friday. On Monday, there were no subjects with UIC > 300 μg/L, but on Friday, 7.5% of the subjects had UIC > 300 μg/L.

Conclusion
Despite both the use of iodized antiseptic solution and mandatory iodization, operation-room staff had only median iodine levels with low risk of iodine intoxication.
Boundary Layer Mechanism of a Two-Phase Nanofluid Subject to Coupled Interface Dynamics of Fluid/Film
Authors: Liu Shengna , Liu Xiaochuan , Zheng Liancun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article investigates boundary layer mechanism of a two-phase nanofluid over a thin liquid film of power-law fluid. We take the coupled interface dynamics between the thin liquid film and nanofluid into consideration, where the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity are assumed to be linear functions of nanoparticle concentration. The influence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis of the nanofluid is also considered. Numerical results are carried out by employing similarity transformation and bvp4c technique. The heat and mass transfer in the flow boundary layer are analysed by relevant parameters with the assistance of graphs. The results show that heat conduction decreases significantly with the increase of rheological properties parameter and tensile velocity ratio. Rheological properties parameter, tensile velocity ratio, Brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter play important roles in mass transfer.
The Speculative Economies of Sheppard Lee
Authors: Sugden Edward 
Published: September 2019

Edward Sugden, “The Speculative Economies of Sheppard Lee” (pp. 141–166)
In this essay I provide a reading of Robert Montgomery Bird’s Sheppard Lee (1836) that places it against the speculative economy of 1830s America. The novel is, formally and intellectually, a product of and meditation on economic speculation. It dwells upon the ways in which a transition from an agrarian economy into finance capitalism impacts the body. Where many accounts of Sheppard Lee emphasize embodiment as the central issue of the novel, this essay instead insists on disembodiment, demonstrating how the entry into a transregional, virtual economy of stocks and shares, debts, loans, and mortgages dissolved embodied identity. Such a dissolution came, however, with a possible utopian element, encoded within capitalism, of there being an economic form that did not depend on the exploitation and mining of the labor-power of bodies. Yet this fantasy of worklessness, the novel suggests, will always require a space of civil death in which those without rights are relentlessly used for their economic value only. Overall, this reading of the novel modifies a metanarrative about the relationship between capitalism and the imagination in nineteenth century. Rather than literature providing a stable basis for social values disrupted by capitalism, instead a novel like Sheppard Lee suggests that the form of the novel is more suited to capturing the chaos of dislocation, meditating on unactivated historical possibilities latent within capitalism, and internalizing short-term cycles of economic change.
A másodlagos hypogammaglobulinaemia, a fertőzések és a halálozás összefüggései és a preventív immunglobulin-pótlás szükségessége krónikus lymphoid leukaemiás betegekben
Authors: Losonczy Hajna , Nagy Ágnes , Kosztolányi Szabolcs , Tóth Orsolya , Csalódi Renáta , Hussain Alizadeh , Szomor Árpád 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Immune status was investigated in 186 patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia between January 2012 and March 2015. Incidences of infections and mortality were analysed in patients who did not receive prophylactic immunoglobulin therapy. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were normal (7–17.8 g/L) or decreased in 62.37% and 35.48% of patients, respectively. We measured high immunoglobulin levels only in a few cases (2.15%). Immunoglobulin levels became increasingly lower in more advanced disease stages (Rai stages). The number of infections was inversely proportional to that. Hypogammaglobulinaemia proved to be more important than disease progression in terms of the development of infections. The most common infections were upper respiratory tract (33.07%) and sepsis (18.90%). Two months after chemotherapy, initially normal immunoglobulin levels decreased by an average of 21%, and at the same time the incidence of infections increased. The most common cause of death was sepsis: 30% occurred at low immunoglobulin levels, while 20% at normal immunoglobulin levels. According to literature, prophylactic immunoglobulin treatment is indicated in patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia and immunodeficiency for decreasing both morbidity and mortality. According to recommendations in literature, replacement treatment must be administered in severe or moderately severe recurrent bacterial infections. Immunoglobulin prophylaxis may be provided as low dose (10 g), fix dose (18 g) or individually customized higher dose (300–400 mg/kg body weight) treatment. According to recommendations, higher dose immunoglobulin prophylaxis, administered every three weeks on six occasions, is more efficient when customized. With this dose, infection-free condition may be achieved in 50% of patients. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(38): 1487–1494.
Graphene/chitosan-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Authors: Bandi Suresh , Hastak Vikram , Pavithra Chokkakula L.P. , Kashyap Sanjay , Singh Dhananjay Kumar , Luqman Suaib , Peshwe Dilip R. , Srivastav Ajeet K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract