bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the supply chain principle for the UK’s overseas companies
Authors: Hossain Md Sazzad 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the liabilities arise in the UK-based parent company for wrongdoings of its overseas subsidiaries, especially under law of tort.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative methods have been used in this paper, using both primary and secondary data, i.e. Books, case Laws, legislations, international laws and journal articles.

Findings
The English Courts are, now, more broadly accepting the allegations against the UK-based parent companies for the actions of its subsidiaries, especially by improving the access to the remedy in the UK for foreign victims of corporate related harms, though concern remains in the case of criminal liabilities. Additionally, in case of the civil litigations, the early settlement of a dispute is also causing pressure to the victim by liming the wider deterrent effect.

Originality/value
This paper will help the lawyers and academic in the field of international corporate law, especially in the tortious claim of an overseas victim in the UK Court. Moreover, this paper identifies the lack of proper legislative guidance in this field.
Hiring discrimination, ethnic origin and employment status
Authors: Pierné Guillaume 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use the findings of a correspondence testing in order to assess the hiring effects of foreign-origin and employment status in the French construction sector.

Design/methodology/approach
To empirically test these features, the author constructs four applications, each representing a particular profile with respect to ethnic origin and employment status. The author sends 1,204 résumés in reply to 301 job vacancies advertised from mid-April to mid-September 2011 in the Paris area.

Findings
While being employed increases the performance for applicants of foreign origin, this is not the case for native applicants. However, the benefit of being employed does not fully overcome the penalty created by foreign origin. Hence, the study does not allow to affirm that employed applicants of foreign origin are less penalized than unemployed ones.

Originality/value
This paper improves the knowledge of the effects of employment status on employability. The quantification of these effects remains an important issue. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first time correspondence testing has been used to measure the influence of ethnic origin on employability, conditional on employment status.
A knowledge-based innovation assessment system for small- and medium-sized enterprises: adding value with cognitive mapping and MCDA
Authors: Grillo Catarina , Ferreira Fernando A.F. , Marques Carla S.E. , Ferreira João J. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The 2008 global financial crisis showed that the ability to innovate is a key management skill and that approaches to assessing the innovation capability of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to be as realistic as possible. This study aims to address the latter practical need through a sociotechnical approach.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a combined use of cognitive mapping and the Decision EXpert (DEX) technique, and grounded on the insights generated by a panel of SME managers and entrepreneurs in two intensive group meetings, a knowledge-based assessment system for evaluating SMEs’ innovation capability was created, tested and validated.

Findings
The knowledge-based assessment system identified the most innovative SMEs in a sample of companies. The “plus-minus-1” and dominance analyses carried out provided further support for the results.

Research limitations/implications
The proposed system is extremely versatile but process-oriented and idiosyncratic in nature, meaning that extrapolations to other contexts need to be done with due caution.

Practical implications
The panel of SME decision makers agreed that the system improves the current methods used to evaluate SMEs’ innovation capability, contributing to a more informed perspective on management issues. The panel members also noted that the proposed system functions as a learning mechanism, facilitating the development of well-focused suggestions for improvements SMEs can make.

Originality/value
The integrated use of cognitive maps and rule-base decisions contributes to a better understanding of how to assess SMEs’ innovation capability. No prior work reporting the integrated use of these two techniques in this study context has been found.
Auditor choice in private firms: a stakeholders perspective
Authors: Corten Maarten , Steijvers Tensie , Lybaert Nadine 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to examine whether a private firm’s demand for a Big4 auditor is influenced by the auditor choice of its main supplier, customer and competitor. The authors rely on institutional theory to explain this stakeholders’ influence. The authors also examine whether the extent to which the firm’s board of directors engages in networking moderates this influence.

Design/methodology/approach
Questionnaire data are combined with archival data of 210 Belgian private firms with a statutory audit requirement. Logistic regression analysis is applied to examine to what extent firms follow their main competitor, customer and supplier in hiring a Big4 auditor.

Findings
The results reveal a positive association between the firm’s choice of a Big4 auditor and its main supplier being audited by a Big4 auditor, supporting the conformance effect (isomorphism) toward suppliers as hypothesized by institutional theory. The extent of board networking, however, seems to weaken this effect. Toward competitors, a divergence effect instead of a conformance effect is found, which indicates the existence of competitive differentiation regarding auditor choice.

Research limitations/implications
While prior studies mainly focus on the agency relationships between shareholders, debtholders and managers to explain auditor choice, this study also takes into account the firm’s other main stakeholders by relying on institutional theory. Both the conformance effect toward suppliers as well as the divergence effect toward competitors provide interesting additional perspectives on why auditors are demanded, leading to interesting future research opportunities.

Originality/value
This paper fulfills an identified need to consider additional theories in explaining audit outcomes.
Usefulness of enterprise risk management in two banks
Authors: Liff Roy , Wahlstrom Gunnar 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how the management control system, the bank’s control package, influences opinion about the usefulness of risk measurement (RM) in different control contexts before and after a financial crisis, to understand what influences the usefulness of enterprise risk management (ERM) manifested in RM.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on semi-structured interviews in 2000-2010, with senior bank managers of two international banks (Bank A and Bank B) – both ranking among the top 100 in the world but differing structurally and culturally.FindingsThe two banks took opposite trajectories. Bank A went from high to low expectations of usefulness; Bank B went from low to high expectations. The different attitudes toward RM exhibited by Bank A and Bank B are explained by differences in their control packages, manifested by technocratic control and socio-ideology.Originality/valueThis study reveals that there are not merely different degrees of RM usage in the two banks but that they also show two diverting trajectories. Given this finding, the significance of the organization structure and its control packages (especially the alignment between these two factors) is analyzed to find a plausible explanation for the different experiences of senior managers toward the usefulness of RM. This study contributes to ERM research and to the contingency theory of management accounting.
Thesis consultation: a review
Authors: Robinson Karlene Patricia , Nelson Karlene Saundria , Lewis Jessica Claire 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative merits of thesis consultation with a librarian prior to graduate submission and to explore whether thesis consultation has a significant impact on the quality of the theses submitted by postgraduate students.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a quantitative case study approach. The total number of thesis scrutiny reports written by librarians between 2009 and 2014 has been reviewed for errors found in theses. Errors have been classified as referencing errors and formatting errors. These have been compiled in a spreadsheet and analyzed using the SPSS statistical package.

Findings
This paper highlights that thesis consultation has had a positive impact on the quality of the theses students submitted for examination at the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus. Thesis consultation with a strong focus on referencing clearly assisted students learning and applying different citation styles. There was a decrease in the number of referencing errors over time. Not much difference was seen in terms of formatting errors. Further tests showed that there was a statistically significant positive relationship between thesis consultation and the number of referencing errors made by graduate students.

Practical implications
This study may have implications for the engagement of academic libraries with their graduate communities. With thesis consultation, a librarian may scrutinize the same thesis more than once. Although this may increase the workload of librarians, thesis consultation/scrutiny will have a positive impact on the quality of research produced by graduate students.

Originality/value
This study shows that students benefited from thesis consultation and there was a significant reduction in citation errors. In reviewing the literature, it has been noted that research done in the area of thesis consultation was very limited; hence, this study significantly contributes to the body of knowledge that presently exists.
An efficient method for exploded view generation through assembly coherence data and precedence relations
Authors: Bahubalendruni M.V.A. Raju 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Three-dimensional exploded view is a schematic representation of a product anticipated for performing assembly or disassembly operations. Exploded view is found in many applications, such as product instructional materials, repair and maintenance handbooks. This paper aims to propose an efficient exploded view generation technique based on assembly coherence data and disassembly feasibility testing, and illustrate it on various configurations of assemblies.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed methodology extracts the assembly contact information between the constituent parts and geometric feasibility relation matrix based on the common mating surface of part pairs in liaison and assembly collision detection. These data are further used for exploded view generation.

Findings
The proposed exploded view generation method determines the possible disassembly sequences and simplifies the procedure in determining the number of disassembly levels.

Research limitations/implications
The procedure consumes more time for the products with large number of part counts having numerous non-ruled surfaces.

Originality/value
The proposed method is effectively used to solve assemblies, where parts are assembled through oblique orientations. The method is found successful in generating exploded view for products with large number of parts through collision-free paths.
Chitosan-smectite composite on the urea adsorption–desorption study for slow-release fertilizer application
Authors: Fatimah Is , Rubiyanto Dwiarso , Yudha Septian Perwira , Pratiwi Gunarti , Puspita Ayu 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to prepare composite of chitosan-modified smectite clays consisting of montmorillonite and saponite clay minerals and their urea adsorption–desorption study. Prepared materials were designed for slow-release fertilizer application.

Design/methodology/approach
Preparation of the composites was conducted by a simple intercalation of chitosan solution and clay suspension followed by hydrogel beads formation. Physicochemical characterization of materials was performed by X-ray diffraction, gas sorption analysis by using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas and pore volume, water absorbency and Fourier transform-infrared. Urea adsorption and desorption studies of prepared materials were conducted by using batch method, and the adsorbed and desorbed urea content was analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography method.

Findings
The results revealed that the composites have higher absorptivity and lower absorptivity toward urea from and into water solution compared to raw clay minerals. Adsorption capacity and slow desorption rate of urea from the composites suggested the potential application of the composites as slow urea-releasing agent.

Originality/value
There are many papers that study the formation of chitosan-clay composites, but the study on the urea adsorption–desorption properties based on chitosan-smectite minerals have not been reported. Intensive study related to physicochemical properties and its related kinetics study is an important basic finding for further applications.
Simpson's paradox: A statistician's case study
Authors: Chu Kevin H , Brown Nathan J , Pelecanos Anita , Brown Anthony FT 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGender equality and workforce diversity has recently been in the forefront of College discussions. Reasons for the difference between various groups may not be as they initially appeared. The results of comparing the outcome between two groups can sometimes be confounded and even reversed by an unrecognised third variable. This concept is known as Simpson's Paradox, and is illustrated here using a renowned case study on potential gender bias for acceptance to Graduate School at the University of California, Berkeley. The investigation showed that males were 1.8 times more likely to be admitted to Graduate School than females in 1973. Initially it appeared that women were discriminated against in the selection process. However, when admissions were re‐examined at individual Departments of the School, admission tended to be better for women than men in four of six Departments. This contradiction or paradox tells us that the association between admission and gender was dependent upon on Department. The confounding effect of Department was defined by two characteristics. Firstly, a strong association between Department and admission: some Departments admitted much smaller percentages of applicants than others. Secondly, a strong association between Department and gender: females tended to apply to Departments with lower admission rates. The explanation of differences between groups can be multifactorial. A search for possible confounders will assist in this understanding. This could apply whenever two groups initially appear to differ, but on closer analysis this difference is either unfounded, or even reversed by reference to a third, confounding variable.
Effects of combination of sotalol and verapamil on initiation, maintenance, and termination of ventricular fibrillation in swine hearts
Authors: Jin Qi , Wu Liqun , Dosdall Derek J. , Li Li , Rogers Jack M. , Ideker Raymond E. , Huang Jian 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIntroductionSotalol and verapamil alone reduce reentry incidence during ventricular fibrillation (VF). We tested whether the combination of these two drugs had a synergistic effect on initiation, maintenance, and termination of VF.MethodsSix open‐chest pigs received intravenous sotalol (1.5 mg/kg) followed by verapamil (0.136 mg/kg). VF threshold (VFT) was determined by a burst pacing protocol. Two 20 seconds episodes of VF were recorded from a 21 × 24 unipolar electrode plaque on the lateral posterior left ventricular epicardium before and after each drug. VF activation patterns were quantified. The duration of long duration VF (LDVF) maintenance was compared to our previously published data.ResultsSotalol alone and combined with verapamil significantly increased the VFT from 12.3 ± 4.1 to 20.3 ± 7.1 and 26.7 ± 8.6 mA compared with baseline (P < .05). Sotalol decreased the number of wavefronts by 20%, VF activation rate by 17% and conduction velocity 11%, while the addition of verapamil neutralized these effects. Addition of verapamil to sotalol further decreased the fractionation incidence from 14% to 29% and multiplicity from 24% to 31% compared with baseline. The combination of the two drugs increased the VF cycle length, decreased synchronicity, increased regularity index and shortened the duration of LDVF maintenance compared with our previous data of verapamil alone or no drug. Synchronicity index was lower and regularity index was higher in animals in which VF spontaneously terminated earlier than 10 minutes than in animals in which VF terminated longer than 10 minutes.ConclusionThe combination of sotalol and verapamil increased VFT but accelerated LDVF termination.
Crustal Uplift in the Longmen Shan Mountains Revealed by Isostatic Gravity Anomalies along the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: LI Yong , YAN Zhaokun , ZHOU Rongjun , YAN Liang , DONG Shunli , SHAO Chongjian , LAURENCE Svirchev 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between high positive isostatic gravity anomalies (IGA), steep topography and lower crustal extrusion at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. IGA data has revealed uplift and extrusion of lower crustal flow in the Longmen Shan Mountains (the LMS). Firstly, The high positive IGA zone corresponds to the LMS orogenic belt. It is shown that abrupt changes in IGA correspond to zones of abrupt change of topography, crustal thickness and rock density along the LMS. Secondly, on the basis of the Airy isostasy theory, simulations and inversions of the positive IGA were conducted using three‐dimensional bodies. The results indicated that the LMS lacks a mountain root, and that the top surface of the lower crust has been elevated by 11 km, leading to positive IGA, tectonic load and density load. Thirdly, according to Watts's flexural isostasy model, elastic deflection occurs, suggesting that the limited (i.e. narrow) tectonic and density load driven by lower crustal flow in the LMS have led to asymmetric flexural subsidence in the foreland basin and lifting of the forebulge. Finally, based on the correspondence between zones of extremely high positive IGA and the presence of the Precambrian Pengguan‐Baoxing complexes in the LMS, the first appearance of erosion gravels from the complexes in the Dayi Conglomerate layer of the Chengdu Basin suggest that positive IGA and lower crustal flow in the LMS took place at 3.6 Ma or slightly earlier.
Petroleum Distribution Characteristics of the Americas and the Exploration Prospect Analysis
Authors: HAO Qingqing , LI Lintao , ZUO Yinhui , CHEN Weijun , WU Lei , YI Junjie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe world's present demand for oil and gas is still in a rapid growth period, and traditional oil and gas resources account for more than 60% of the global oil and gas supply. The Americas is the world's second largest production and consumption center of liquid fuel, and is also the world's largest natural gas producer. In 2016, the Americas had 85.3 billion tons of proven oil reserves and 18.7 trillion m3 of proven natural gas reserves, which account for 35.4% and 10.0% of world's total reserves, respectively. It produced 1267.1 Mt of oil and 1125.4 billion m3 of natural gas, which account for 28.9% and 31.7% of the world's total production, respectively. The crude oil and natural gas reserves are mainly distributed in the U.S., Canada and Venezuela. The U.S. is the earliest and most successful country in shale gas exploration and development, and its shale gas is concentrated in the southern, central and eastern U.S., including the Marcellcus shale, Barnett shale, EagleFord shale, Bakken shale, Fayettevis shale, Haynsvill shale, Woodford shale and Monterey/Santos shale. The potential oil and gas resources in the Americas are mainly concentrated in the anticline and stratigraphic traps in the Middle‐Upper Jurassic slope deposition of the North Slope Basin, the Paleozoic Madsion group dolomite and limestone in the Williston Basin, dominant stratigraphic traps and few structural traps in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, the Eocene structural‐stratigraphic hydrocarbon combination, structural‐unconformity traps and structural hydrocarbon combination, and the Upper Miocene stratigraphic‐structural hydrocarbon combination in the Maracaibo Basin of Venezuela, the stratigraphic‐structural traps and fault horst, tilting faulted blocks and anticlines related to subsalt structure and basement activity in the Campos Basin, the subsalt central low‐uplift belt and supra‐salt central low‐uplift belt in the Santos Basin of Brazil, and the structural‐stratigraphic traps in the Neuquen Basin of Argentina. In addition, the breakthrough of seismic subsalt imaging technology makes the subsalt deepwater sea area of eastern Barzil an important oil and gas potential area.
A colourimetric evaluation of the effect of bacterial contamination on teeth stained with blood in vitro: Evaluation of the efficacy of two different bleaching regimes
Authors: Wang S , Cathro P , Heithersay G , Briggs N , Ratnayake J , Zilm P 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundTooth discolouration could occur due to bacterial contamination in traumatized teeth. Hydrogen peroxide is the commonly used bleaching agent. However, due to concerns over safety, alternative bleaching regimes such as sodium perborate (S) and thiourea‐hydrogen peroxide (T) have been investigated.MethodsApices resected and pulp extirpated 99 premolars were divided into two groups. Group 1 and 2 was injected with blood and blood/bacteria, stored anaerobically for 35 days. The two groups were treated by bleaching with water, S or T. Teeth were rebleached after 7 days. Colourimetric evaluation was assessed using digital imaging, CasMatch standardization and CIE L*a*b colour system preoperatively, 35 days of staining and 7 and 14 of bleaching. A linear mixed model with fixed effects of time, group and bleach was used to examine colour difference.ResultsBlood‐stained teeth were significantly redder and darker on day 35 compared with blood/bacteria‐stained teeth. After bleaching, blood‐stained teeth retained significant redness compared with blood/bacteria‐stained teeth using either S or T. T produced a significantly whiter shade in both the groups after 14 days.ConclusionsBlood‐stained teeth were significantly darker and red compared with blood/bacteria‐stained teeth. T bleaching regime was more effective than S.
The Developmental Origins of the Perception and Production of Musical Rhythm
Authors: Hannon Erin E. , Nave‐Blodgett Jessica E. , Nave Karli M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn recent years, interest has grown in potential links between abilities in musical rhythm and the development of language and reading, as well as in using music lessons as an intervention or diagnostic tool for individuals at risk for language and reading delays. Nevertheless, the development of abilities in musical rhythm is a relatively new area of study. In this article, we review knowledge about the development of musical rhythm, highlighting key musical structures of rhythm, beat, and meter, and suggesting areas of inquiry. Further research is needed to understand how children acquire the perceptual and cognitive underpinnings of universal musical behaviors such as dancing, clapping, and singing in time with music.