bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crocin Supplementation on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bahari Hossein , Shahraki Jazinaki Mostafa , Aghakhani Ladan , Amini Mohammad Reza , Noushzadeh Zahra , Khodashahi Rozita , Malekahmadi Mahsa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSaffron is the dried stigma of Crocus sativus L. flowers. The yellow‐orange color of saffron comes from crocin, a water‐soluble carotenoid that can be ingested. Crocin is known for its anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant potential. It is believed to affect inflammation and oxidative stress, making it a promising therapeutic option. However, research on its impact is inconclusive. This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the benefits of crocin supplementation and its specific effects on inflammation and oxidative stress markers. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted up to February 2024 in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science to find suitable randomized clinical trials (RCTs). All participants were adults who were supplemented with crocin as part of the study intervention. The selected trials were subjected to heterogeneity tests using the I
2 statistic. Random effects models were examined based on the heterogeneity tests, and the pooled data were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 519 papers that remain after duplications were removed, 13 eligible RCTs were included in the present meta‐analysis. Our findings indicated that crocin supplementation significantly reduced c‐reactive protein (CRP) levels (SMD: −0.50; 95%CI: −0.86 to −0.13; p = 0.008), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (SMD: −1.96; 95%CI: −2.72 to −1.19; p < 0.001), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) (SMD: −3.52; 95%CI: −6.84 to −0.20; p = 0.03). Also, crocin supplementation led to a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD: 1.48; 95%CI: 0.52 to 2.43; p = 0.002). Overall effect size showed that crocin intake failed to change the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly. Crocin reduces inflammatory markers and increases TAC. The effect of crocin on inflammatory markers was greater in a dose ≥ 30 mg/day and an intervention duration ≥ 12 weeks. However, more studies are needed for definitive conclusions.
Using DNN‐Compensator Coupling PD‐Controller Strategy Control Two‐Wheeled Robots Upright Motion Balance
Authors: Zhaojia Tang , Yu Han , Ping Wang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAiming at the problem that the two‐wheeled mobile self‐balancing robot (TWMSR) is challenging to control balance when TWMSR drives on uneven surface road, this study adds a DNN‐compensator specially used to curb the TWMSR's toppling based on the traditional PID motion balance control system. A coupling function couples the control value between the PD‐controller and the DNN‐compensator. Its effect is that when the PD‐controller's output value is insufficient to maintain the TWMSR's balance, the DNN‐compensator will compensate the PD‐controller's output. The experimental results show that using our DNN‐compensator coupling PD‐controller balance control strategy to control the TWMSR movement on uneven surface road can maintain the TWMSR drive stability; compared to traditional PD‐controller, our control strategy braking performance is better, and the pitch angle () fluctuation range is smaller, TWMSR topple over is difficult.
Bayesian Posterior Interval Calibration to Improve the Interpretability of Observational Studies
Authors: Mulgrave Jami J. , Madigan David , Hripcsak George 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObservational healthcare data offer the potential to estimate causal effects of medical products on a large scale. However, the confidence intervals and p values produced by observational studies only account for random error and fail to account for systematic error. Therefore, operating characteristics such as confidence interval coverage and Type I error rates often deviate sharply from their nominal values and render interpretation impossible. While there is a longstanding awareness of systematic error in observational studies, analytic approaches to empirically account for systematic error are relatively new. Several authors have proposed approaches using negative controls (also known as “falsification hypotheses”) and positive controls. The basic idea is to adjust confidence intervals and p values in light of the bias (if any) detected in the analyses of the negative and positive control. In this work, we propose a Bayesian statistical procedure for posterior interval calibration that uses negative and positive controls. We show that the posterior interval calibration procedure restores nominal characteristics, such as 95% coverage of the true effect size by the 95% posterior interval.
Multilevel Resistive Switching Dynamics by Controlling Phase and Self‐Assembled Nanochannels in HfO2
Authors: Parida Tanmayee , Luong Minh Anh , Das Santanu , Claverie Alain , Kanjilal Aloke 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA resistive switching device with precise control over the formation of conductive filaments (CF) holds immense potential for high‐density memory arrays and atomic‐scale in‐memory computing architectures. While ion migration and electrochemical switching mechanisms are well understood, controlling the evolution of CF remains challenging for practical resistive random‐access memory (RRAM) deployment. This study introduces a systematic approach to modulate oxygen vacancies (OV) in HfO2 films of Ag/HfO2/Pt‐based RRAM devices by controlling the substrate temperature. At 300 °C, the HfO2 film exhibits a dominant monoclinic phase with maximum OV concentration, which plays a key role in achieving optimal multilevel resistive switching behavior. Self‐assembled nanochannels in the HfO2 films guide CF evolution, and the diffusion of Ag at inside these films suggests a synergistic interplay between OV and Ag⁺ ion migration for reseting the voltage‐controlled resistive states. This approach addresses the endurance/retention trade‐off with an impressive Ron/Roff ratio of ≈8000 while demonstrating growth temperature‐driven OV modulation as a tool for multi‐bit data storage. These findings provide a blueprint for developing high‐performance oxide‐based RRAM devices and offer valuable insights into multilevel resistive switching mechanisms, paving the way for future low‐power, high‐density memory technologies.
Deflected, static shape of a water‐conveying, elbow‐ended, flexible pipe
Authors: Padilla Valdez Karolina , Cros Anne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhen a ‐elbowed pipe conveys a flow, the fluid deviation generates a transversal force on the tube. So, if the pipe is flexible, it may be deformed. In this experimental and theoretical work, we study the static deflection of a flexible pipe whose upper extreme is clamped while the other, lower, elbowed end is free. When water discharges, a follower force acts onto the free extreme which is proportional to the square of the fluid's velocity. We establish an analytical expression for the free extreme's deflection when the system's weight is neglected and solve the differential equation when its weight is taken into account. An experimental device is mounted which allows to easily record various deflection measurements as the fluid's velocity varies. Our experimental points are in agreement with the theory. They roughly align around the same line when dimensionless numbers are considered since theoretical deviation from a weight‐negligible system is lower than in our experiments.
Heat‐driven stress: Comprehending thermal dynamics in solid disks with varying different densities
Authors: Kaur Jatinder , Singh Namarta , Thakur Pankaj 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the stresses and displacements in solid rotating disks under heat‐induced conditions with an emphasis on the influence of varying density. Utilizing B.R. Seth's transition theory, the research examines both compressible and incompressible materials, highlighting the role of Poisson's ratio in the distribution of stresses and displacements. The effects of density variation on circumferential and radial stresses are analyzed comprehensively. The study also investigates how thermal influence affects stress distribution and displacement within the disk, highlighting the intricate interplay of mechanical and thermal forces. These findings offer important insights for designing rotating machinery that operates under different temperature conditions and varying material densities.
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearm Promotion in Digital Media: Corporate Influences on Adolescent Health
Authors: Emond Jennifer A. , Chester Jeffrey , Noel Jonathan , Allem Jon-Patrick , Bushman Brad J. , Primack Brian , Sargent James D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Alcohol, tobacco, and firearm use are the root causes of disability and mortality in the United States. The use of these products in adolescence has considerable impacts on immediate and lifelong health. Adolescents have been the key targets of alcohol, tobacco, and firearm companies because of the potential to shape brand alliances and lifetime use. Marketing and product placements in media have often been used to reach the adolescent market for tobacco and alcohol products, continue to be used to reach the adolescent market for alcohol, and emerging data suggest that they may be used to reach the adolescent market for firearms as well. This chapter discusses how these products are marketed to adolescents using contemporary digital media, including social media, the metaverse, and video games. This chapter illustrates the marketing tactics used in these spaces and discusses the current research gaps that limit our understanding of a causal association between digital marketing exposures and adolescent product use. This chapter closes with recommendations for future efforts to protect adolescents from marketing by companies that produce harmful products.
Introduction to the Section on Digital Media, Cognition, and Brain Development
Authors: Kirkorian Heather 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The rapidly changing digital media landscape has sparked both widespread concern and optimism for children growing up in the digital age. Research to date suggests that the potential impacts of digital media on children are multifaceted and complex. The chapters within this section summarize and critique the evidence for media effects as they relate to cognition and brain development. This brief introduction provides an overview of each chapter in this section, identifies convergent themes across chapters, and raises gaps to be addressed in future research.
Treatment and Prevention of Internet Use Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Sussman Clifford , Tsappis Michael , Greenfield David , Weigle Paul , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Internet use disorders (IUDs) represent conditions where individuals experience a loss of control over their interactive online media use resulting in reduced functional capacity, and physical, and mental health impairments. Disordered Internet use may develop with various online use activities including video games, social media, online pornography, video watching, and shopping. Prevalence rates for these disorders are increasing worldwide resulting in an increased demand for effective treatment. A number of structured psychosocial treatment approaches have been shown to improve IUD symptoms. Effective psychosocial treatments specifically for gaming disorder include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), the Acceptance and Cognitive Restructuring Intervention Program (ACRIP) based on a cognitive behavioral and mindfulness model, and a Craving Behavioral Intervention (CBI). More general treatments for IUDs have shown to be successful based on CBT. Among pharmaceutical interventions, bupropion has been effective. Preventive interventions appear promising in school settings. Individual studies of primary prevention showed efficacy, but pooled results did not. Based on a meta-analysis, early prevention is particularly effective. Results are limited by methodological shortcomings and premature evidence. Recommendations for the future include more specific research questions related to effective components, appropriate settings, and motivational approaches to clinical treatment and prevention interventions. Considerations for clinicians and parents are outlined.
Introduction to the Section on Youth Digital Wellbeing
Authors: Davis Katie , Charmaraman Linda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This introduction provides an overview of the chapters in this section. Observing that the harms of social media are well-addressed in other parts of the handbook, the authors of the chapters in this section focus more on the positive dimensions of young people’s social media experiences. This introduction provides an executive summary of each chapter, highlighting notable themes that address the section’s overarching focus on youth wellbeing, kindness, social communication, and connection in online environments.
Digital Media, Cognition, and Brain Development in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Kirkorian Heather , Barr Rachel , Coyne Sarah M. , Munzer Tiffany Grace-Chung , Paulus Martin , Thomason Moriah E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarizes research on digital media, cognition, and brain development throughout childhood. Rapid brain development produces age-related differences in children’s responses to media and the potential impact of media on cognition. In infancy, cognitive constraints limit whether and how infants learn from media, although they learn under some conditions (e.g., with repetition or parental scaffolding). Throughout early and middle childhood, children use a wider range of media and become better able to comprehend and learn from media. There is an emerging literature suggesting associations between screen time and brain structure in children; however, brain-behavior associations are not well understood. Meta-analytic reviews of research on media and cognitive development report mostly nonsignificant or small negative associations between overall screen time and cognitive outcomes (e.g., self-regulation, attention, language, academic achievement). However, there is substantial variability across studies and individuals, with media effects varying by the content and context of media use. For example, solitary media use (versus parent-child joint media engagement) and use of noneducational or adult-directed content (versus child-directed informational content) are associated with more negative and fewer positive outcomes. This chapter concludes with a future research agenda and recommendations informed by the current literature.
Empathy, Kindness, and Dignity in a Connected World
Authors: James Carrie , Collier Anne , Davis Katie , Konrath Sara , Milosevic Tijana , Milovidov Elizabeth , Staksrud Elisabeth , Weinstein Emily 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Public discourse often contains speculation about the impacts of digital technologies on human empathy, kindness, and dignity. Cases of cyberbullying, online hate speech, and oppressive algorithms contribute to perceptions that digital life is a net negative for human compassion. Research findings paint a more nuanced picture of the ways in which digital technologies can positively support human connection, empathy, kindness, and dignity. This chapter describes what is currently known about the implications of smartphones and social media for empathy, kindness, and dignity, with a particular focus on youth users. We frame findings from current research around a core set of questions: Does the presence of digital technologies in face-to-face interactions compromise empathy? How are digital technologies used in empathic ways? How is digital technology use related to empathy? How does online prosocial behavior benefit youth? How is low empathy related to cyberbullying? How can the state, the tech industry, and educators contribute to creating online environments that facilitate children’s well-being and dignity? We conclude by highlighting open or understudied questions and suggesting high-level recommendations for educators and peer mentors, clinicians, parents, tech designers, and policymakers.
Parasocial Relationships in Children and Teens
Authors: Bond Bradley J. , Dill-Shackleford Karen E. , Dibble Jayson L. , Gleason Tracy R. , Jennings Nancy , Rosaen Sarah , Forster Rebecca Tukachinsky 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Media afford audiences opportunities to develop nonreciprocal, socioemotional bonds with fictional characters and celebrities called parasocial relationships. Audiences’ parasocial relationships may feel like friendships, but they may also take the form of romantic attachments. The parasocial relationships that children and teens develop with their favorite media figures can serve as socialization agents. Fictional characters and celebrities that are perceived as important social others have the potential to teach, persuade, alter attitudes and beliefs, and influence identity and psychological well-being. The research on parasocial relationships among young people is reviewed here as a means of providing background and context for recommending future research to media psychology scholars, and for recommending actions that parents, teachers, and community members can take to better understand young people’s lived experiences in the media-saturated world of today.
Online Self-Presentation and Identity: Insights from Diverse and Marginalized Youth
Authors: Yang Chia-chen , Calvin Angela , Choukas-Bradley Sophia , Leurs Koen , Manago Adriana , Subrahmanyam Kaveri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the digital age, self-presentation on social media has become commonplace among youth. By selectively posting texts, photos, and videos, young people present and communicate aspects of who they are and/or how they want to be seen. Online self-presentation has important implications for identity development. In this chapter, we review recent studies about (1) different types of online self-presentation and their identity implications, (2) online self-presentation and body image, and (3) online self-presentation among marginalized youth (sexual and gender minority youth, youth from underrepresented cultural and racial/ethnic backgrounds, and migrant youth). Based on the reviewed literature, we propose directions for future research and provide recommendations for researchers, policymakers, clinicians, and educators.
Radical and Untethered: The Health Benefits of Imagination in Virtual Reality for Black Youth
Authors: Cogburn Courtney D. , Taylor Valerie Jones , Filippone Prema , Oyekoya Oyewole 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The imagination is a powerful social and revolutionary force. In the following discussion, we consider the health benefits of imagination and the role of immersive virtual experiences, such as virtual reality (VR), in facilitating imagination, particularly for Black youth. The paramount focus on understanding and attenuating threats that digital media pose to health should be complemented by research examining ways digital media may enrich the lives of young people. Immersive technologies have the potential to fundamentally change the ways we observe, learn, think, engage, and imagine. We provide an overview and critique of racial embodiment in VR and the sparse empirical literature linking health, medicine, and imagination. The concepts of radical and untethered imagination are also introduced as distinct imaginary processes that may promote health and be facilitated through the use of VR. Recommendations for future research linking imagination and health are also provided.
It’s Not Just Sexting: Adolescents’ Experiences with Exchanging and Disseminating Nude Images
Authors: Van Ouytsel Joris , Maas Megan K. , Klettke Bianca , Clancy Elizabeth M. , Temple Jeff R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As mobile devices become increasingly versatile and integrated into the daily lives of youth, their use for sexual purposes has also risen. One such example is sexting, which enables adolescents to engage in digital sexual communication and expression via nude and semi-nude imagery. This chapter presents an overview of sexting research among adolescents, specifically examining the prevalence rates and the motivations for and pressures to engage in this multidimensional behavior. Additionally, we discuss the potential problems associated with nonconsensual sexting (e.g., anxiety and risk-taking) and the dissemination of sexts through a school (e.g., mental health, fear of going to school) that are disproportionately experienced by girls and LGBTQ+ youth. We discuss future research that focuses on individual-level characteristics such as age, gender, indigeneity, and sexual identity that make some adolescents more vulnerable than others to harmful outcomes associated with sexting. We also provide recommendations for how schools can prevent and respond to sexting among students and how to encourage parents to discuss sexting with their adolescent children.
Media and Parenting: Current Findings and Future Directions
Authors: Reich Stephanie M. , Aladé Fashina , Cingel Drew P. , Takeuchi Lori , Warren Ronald , Uhls Yalda T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Digital devices are an ubiquitous part of children’s lives and parents often struggle with how best to support their children growing up in a digital world. This chapter highlights the main conceptualizations of parenting of children and adolescents’ media use, summarizes the current patterns of findings, identifies gaps in the extant research literature, and offers suggestions for supporting both youth’s and parents’ healthy media use. Caregivers have a critical role in supporting children’s and teens’ optimal development, and media provide another context in which parenting is important—from open lines of communication and clear and consistent rules to healthful modeling of media use.
Putting Digital Media in Balance: The Importance of Human-to-Human Interaction for Young Children
Authors: Hirsh-Pasek Kathy , Zosh Jennifer M. , Hassinger-Das Brenna , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick , Uhls Yalda T. , Guernsey Lisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Research suggests that parents and caregivers are concerned about their children’s increasing screen media use. While the focus to date has primarily been on the number of hours of screen media use and the educational content screens offer, the latest research suggests a more nuanced approach is needed that focuses on the impact of screen media use on human-to-human interaction. Here, we explore the latest science demonstrating that human-to-human, socially contingent, and responsive interactions underlie healthy physical, social, cognitive, and emotional development. We ask how children’s use of screens—especially without parents, caregivers, and peers—may impact the human-to-human interaction that our social brain requires. The impacts of caregivers’ use of digital technologies are also discussed. Finally, we suggest that co-viewing and joint media engagement may offer a path forward for families that is grounded in the reality of screen use but is also supported by the science of supportive, caring, and contingent relationships.