bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of indigenous community agricultural systems on climate change (case study of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar, Sukabumi Regency, West Java)
Authors: Hapsari H , Hapsari D , Karyani T , Fatimah S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Climate change is a threat to indigenous farming systems that rely on nature. Indigenous society has idiosyncrasies in managing agricultural systems that relate to nature. This study aims to examine the adaptation mechanism of indigenous farming systems to climate change in terms of social, economic, and technological aspects. The study was conducted in Indigenous Village of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar of Sukabumi Regency West Java. The research method is case study. The technique of collecting data through in-depth interviews with selected informants, participant observation, and focus group discussion (FGD). The results showed that the indigenous society of Kasepuhan Ciptagelar experienced the changes that occur in the environment as a result of climate change. Strategies to adapt to these changes, among others: (1) use natural resources in a sustainable manner, (2) preserve the customary positive impact on the environment, (3) do a crop rotation system, (4) managing the communal granary community food security system, (5) maintaining social values in the society, (6) establish cooperation with the agricultural institutions; (7) utilizing communication networks and information systems; (8) with some help from external parties in the repair of facilities and infrastructure, such as transportation and irrigation; (9) perform the processing of non-rice farming profit-oriented, and (10) instilling the values of local wisdom to the younger generation from an early age.
Go urban or stay rural: determinants of young farmers staying in or leaving agricultural field (a case study in Cisondari, West Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Setiawan I , Nugraha A , Rasiska S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Although agriculture workforce plays an important role in agricultural development, aging workforce in agriculture is often put in the periphery. The interest of youth in agriculture is declining due to the diminishing popularity of agricultural field compared to non-agriculture sector in term of future personal welfare security. However, Cisondari, a village in Bandung Regency showed an anomaly. Organic farming in that area is proliferating and growing and is motored by the youths. This study aims to identify the determinants of young farmers for choosing to stay in the rural area and develop their agriculture, despite its adjacent location to Bandung city and amid high rate of urbanization; and how their role contributed to the development of organic farming in the area. The study applies sequential exploratory mixed methods, which relies heavily on qualitative approach which is then complemented by quantitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interview to key informants, participant observation, field observation, document and artefact analysis; while quantitative data were collected through structured interviews to selected respondents. The results showed that farmers characteristics, innovativeness, and environment became the most dominant factors in determining their motives to stay in rural areas.
Beyond resilience: surviving agricultural treadmill in a global village (a case study of farming styles in Ubud, Bali, Indonesia)
Authors: Kurnia G , Sukayat Y , Nugraha A , Judawinata M G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Since agricultural modernization, farming practices in Indonesia have been forced to follow the prescriptions, which mostly came from the so-called experts. The proposed ‘modernity’ in agriculture, however, had also showed the ugly side of it. It created problems such market dependency, diminishing local knowledge and unhealthy competitions, which have forced the farmers to run in the ‘treadmill’. In Ubud, one of the touristic villages in Bali, the flow of knowledge that influence its agricultural practices is overwhelming. The question is, to what extent are farmers able to cope with such chaotic constellation? This paper aims to explore how different structures that exist in a global village such as Ubud, are perceived by farmers and what strategies do they came up with in order to maintain their existence. The study was a case study, which applied Actor Oriented Approach in order to analyse the point of view of key actors in responding to their situation. Data were gained through in-depth interview with various key actors. The results showed that the interrelationships between various institutions have shaped the room for manoeuvre for farmers to exercise their agencies, which manifested in various strategies emerged in the micro level. These diversities of farming styles and strategies showed that farmers have capabilities to perceive and cope with their problems. Thus, their capabilities based on their localities is the manifestation of their resilience, which is not to be ignored, as it might be the seed for future agriculture development.
On the conservation of helicity in a chiral medium
Authors: Crimin Frances , Mackinnon Neel , Götte Jörg B , Barnett Stephen M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We consider the energy and helicity densities of circularly polarised light within a lossless chiral medium, characterised by the chirality parameter β. A form for the helicity density is introduced, valid to first order in β, that produces a helicity of ±ℏ per photon for right and left circular polarisation, respectively. This is in contrast to the result obtained if we use the form of the helicity density employed for linear media. We examine the helicity continuity equation, and show that this modified form of the helicity density is required for consistency with the dual symmetry condition of a chiral medium with a constant value of ϵ/μ. Extending the results to arbitrary order in β establishes an exact relationship between the energy and helicity densities in a chiral medium.
Ab initio simulation of oxygen vacancies in LiMgPO4
Authors: Medvedeva N I , Kellerman D G , Kalinkin M O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The electronic structure of olivine-type LiMgPO4 with neutral and charged oxygen vacancies (F centers) was studied using ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The F centers introduce the energy states within the band gap, which explain the two-stage experimental absorption spectra, as demonstrated the imaginary part of complex dielectric function calculated for all types of defects. The formation energies of neutral and charged vacancies in nonequivalent oxygen sites were analyzed as a function of the Fermi level. The dominant defects in LiMgPO4 should be doubly charged F
2+ or neutral F
0 depending on the location of the Fermi level in the band gap, while the magnetic F
+ centers appear only in a narrow range of the Fermi energy. These defects may serve as traps during irradiation and induce the thermoluminescence of LiMgPO4.
Unraveling Specific Causes of Neonatal Mortality Using Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling: An Observational Study
Authors: Madhi Shabir A , Pathirana Jayani , Baillie Vicky , Izu Alane , Bassat Quique , Blau Dianna M , Breiman Robert F , Hale Martin , Mathunjwa Azwifarwi , Martines Roosecelis B , Nakwa Firdose L , Nzenze Susan , Ordi Jaume , Raghunathan Pratima L , Ritter Jana M , Solomon Fatima , Velaphi Sithembiso , Wadula Jeannette , Zaki Sherif R , Chawana Richard 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Postmortem minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) is a potential alternative to the gold standard complete diagnostic autopsy for identifying specific causes of childhood deaths. We investigated the utility of MITS, interpreted with available clinical data, for attributing underlying and immediate causes of neonatal deaths.

Methods
This prospective, observational pilot study enrolled neonatal deaths at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in Soweto, South Africa. The MITS included needle core-biopsy sampling for histopathology of brain, lung, and liver tissue. Microbiological culture and/or molecular tests were performed on lung, liver, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and stool samples. The “underlying” and “immediate” causes of death (CoD) were determined for each case by an international panel of 12–15 medical specialists.

Results
We enrolled 153 neonatal deaths, 106 aged 3–28 days. Leading underlying CoD included “complications of prematurity” (52.9%), “complications of intrapartum events” (15.0%), “congenital malformations” (13.1%), and “infection related” (9.8%). Overall, infections were the immediate or underlying CoD in 57.5% (n = 88) of all neonatal deaths, including the immediate CoD in 70.4% (58/81) of neonates with “complications of prematurity” as the underlying cause. Overall, 74.4% of 90 infection-related deaths were hospital acquired, mainly due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (52.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.4%), and Staphylococcus aureus (20.9%). Streptococcus agalactiae was the most common pathogen (5/15 [33.3%]) among deaths with “infections” as the underlying cause.

Conclusions
MITS has potential to address the knowledge gap on specific causes of neonatal mortality. In our setting, this included the hitherto underrecognized dominant role of hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant bacterial infections as the leading immediate cause of neonatal deaths.
Analysis of Pharmacovigilance Databases for Dolutegravir Safety in Pregnancy
Authors: van De Ven Nikolien S , Pozniak Anton L , Levi Jacob A , Clayden Polly , Garratt Anna , Redd Christopher , Mofenson Lynne M , Hill Andrew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Botswana Tsepamo study reported neural tube defects (NTDs) in 4 of 426 (0.94%) infants of women receiving preconception dolutegravir (DTG) antiretroviral therapy (ART) vs 14 of 11 300 (0.12%) receiving preconception non-DTG ART. Data are needed to investigate this potential safety signal. Clinicians, patients, and pharmaceutical companies can report adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to pharmacovigilance databases. Data from ADRs reported to various pharmacovigilance databases were searched for NTDs.MethodsFour pharmacovigilance databases (World Health Organization [WHO] VigiAccess; United Kingdom Medicines Health Regulatory Authority [UK MHRA]; European Medicines Agency [EMA] EudraVigilance; US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System [FAERS]) with online data availability were analyzed for NTD reports for 4 integrase inhibitors (DTG, raltegravir, elvitegravir, bictegravir), 2 protease inhibitors (darunavir, atazanavir), and 2 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nevirapine, efavirenz). Reports in the system organ class “congenital or familial disorders” were searched for NTDs.ResultsNTDs have been reported among infants born from women taking a wide range of antiretrovirals in 4 pharmacovigilance databases (WHO VigiAccess, 116 reactions; UK MHRA, 8 cases; EMA EudraVigilance, 20 cases; FAERS, 44 cases). Six NTDs were identified for DTG across the pharmacovigilance databases. Cases were very hard to interpret, given the lack of clear denominators.ConclusionsPharmacovigilance databases have many limitations, most importantly lack of a clear denominator for patients exposed to the drug of interest and duplicate cases that are difficult to identify. Given widespread use of new antiretroviral drugs worldwide and anticipated use of new drugs, prospective follow-up of pregnant women and birth surveillance studies such as Tsepamo are critically needed.
Performance Evaluation of Depth Adjustment and Void Aware Pressure Routing (DA-VAPR) Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ganesh N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has gained its popularity as a powerful technology for monitoring oceans, sea and river. The sensor node drifting along with ocean current offers 4D (space and time) monitoring for real-time underwater application. However, the main challenge arises from the underwater acoustic communication that results in high propagation delay, packet loss and overhead in the network. In order to overcome these issues, a depth adjustment and void aware pressure routing protocol is proposed for UWSN. A greedy forwarding strategy is used to forward the packet. In case a node fails to forward the packet using greedy forwarding strategy, then it immediately switches to the recovery mode. In the recovery mode, the node determines the new depth using particle swarm optimization technique. The global best value gives the new depth with minimum displacement. The void node forwards the packet with minimum displacement without any packet loss and delay.
Non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular cell biology and atherosclerosis
Authors: Fasolo Francesca , Di Gregoli Karina , Maegdefessel Lars , Johnson Jason L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Atherosclerosis underlies the predominant number of cardiovascular diseases and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development, progression and formation of clinically relevant atherosclerotic plaques involves the interaction of distinct and over-lapping mechanisms which dictate the roles and actions of multiple resident and recruited cell types including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and monocyte/macrophages. The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, and their identification as key mechanistic regulators of mRNA and protein expression has piqued interest in their potential contribution to atherosclerosis. Accruing evidence has revealed ncRNAs regulate pivotal cellular and molecular processes during all stages of atherosclerosis including cell invasion, growth, and survival; cellular uptake and efflux of lipids, expression and release of pro- and anti-inflammatory intermediaries, and proteolytic balance. The expression profile of ncRNAs within atherosclerotic lesions and the circulation have been determined with the aim of identifying individual or clusters of ncRNAs which may be viable therapeutic targets alongside deployment as biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque progression. Consequently, numerous in vivo studies have been convened to determine the effects of moderating the function or expression of select ncRNAs in well-characterized animal models of atherosclerosis. Together, clinicopathological findings and studies in animal models have elucidated the multifaceted and frequently divergent effects ncRNAs impose both directly and indirectly on the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. From these findings’ potential novel therapeutic targets and strategies have been discovered which may pave the way for further translational studies and possibly taken forward for clinical application.
The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in an acute basal ventricular septal rupture
Authors: Matos Daniel , Madeira Marcio , Nolasco Tiago , Neves José Pedro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A 74-year-old man was admitted with a post-acute myocardial infarction basal ventricular septal rupture. Onset of cardiogenic shock led to the implantation of a percutaneous veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) system with an additional venous drainage cannula into the right ventricle. The ventricular septal defect was repaired with concomitant tricuspid valvuloplasty and mitral bioprosthesis implantation after 14 days. ECMO support was temporarily converted into a veno-venous system to wean the patient off cardiopulmonary bypass. The patient was discharged 3 weeks after surgery. This case illustrates the role of this extracorporeal life support system in the setting of postinfarction ventricular septal rupture.
Traumatic brachiocephalic trunk dissection of a bovine arch
Authors: Niclauss Lars , Namasivayam Jegaruban , Kirsch Matthias , Prêtre René 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Aortic dissections after deceleration traumas are mainly located in the region of the proximal descending thoracic aorta. Less common are brachiocephalic trunk ruptures, which are not automatically amenable to an endovascular treatment. We present a poly-traumatized patient with an intimal tear at the origin of the brachiocephalic tunk with intramural haematoma extension to the ascending aorta. In addition, the left common carotid artery originated from the proximal brachiocephalic trunk, forming a ‘bovine arch’. Aortic arch and supra-aortic arteries were successfully replaced. The case demonstrates the importance of an individualized treatment in complex intrathoracic vascular injuries in poly-traumatized patients, including a careful risk assessment.
Populist Governments and International Law
Authors: Krieger Heike 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The worldwide populist wave has contributed to a perception that international law is currently in a state of crisis. This article examines how far populist governments have challenged prevailing interpretations of international law. The article links structural features of populism with an analysis of populist governmental strategies and argumentative practices. It demonstrates that, in their rhetoric, populist governments promote an understanding of international law as a mere law of coordination. However, this is not entirely reflected in their legal practices where an instrumental, cherry-picking approach prevails. The article concludes that policies of populist governments affect the current state of international law on two different levels: in the political sphere, their practices alter the general environment in which legal rules are interpreted and, in the legal sphere, populist governments push for changes in the interpretation of established international legal rules. The article substantiates these propositions by focusing on the principle of non-intervention and foreign funding for non-governmental organizations.
Microbiomes in an acidic rock–water cave system
Authors: Burow Katja , Grawunder Anja , Harpke Marie , Pietschmann Sebastian , Ehrhardt Ralf , Wagner Lysett , Voigt Kerstin , Merten Dirk , Büchel Georg , Kothe Erika 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Belowground ecosystems are accessible by mining, where a specific microbial community can be discovered. The biodiversity of a former alum mine rich in carbon, but with a low pH of 2.6–3.7, was evaluated by DNA- and cultivation-dependent methods using samples of the black slate rock material, secondary mineralization phases and seepage water. Pyrite oxidation within the low-grade metamorphic Silurian black slate established high concentrations of Fe and $\rm{SO}_4^{2-}$ forming the extreme conditions visible with acidophilic and Fe-oxidizing microorganisms. In addition, an unexpected predominance of fungi in this C-rich and acidic cave ecosystem, including high numbers of Mucoromycota and Mortierellomycota, was detected. Therefore, fungal cultures were obtained, mainly from the secondary mineral phases that are iron phosphates. Hence, the fungi might well have been involved in phosphate mobilization there. The rock material itself is rich in organic carbon that can be used by oxidase activity. The cultivation setup mimicked the cave conditions (low temperature, low pH, oxic conditions), with one oligotrophic and one medium rich in nutrients that allowed for isolation of different fungal (and eutrophic bacterial) groups. The acidic conditions prevented the occurrence of many basidiomycetes, while the isolated fungi could survive these adverse conditions.
Health Outcomes After Disaster for Older Adults With Chronic Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bell Sue Anne , Horowitz Jennifer , Iwashyna Theodore J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This review synthesizes the current literature surrounding chronic disease outcomes after weather- and climate-related disasters among older adults. The associations between exposure of older adults to weather- and climate-related disasters and the primary outcomes of diabetes, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were examined.

Research Design and Methods
A systematic review of studies reporting on clinical outcomes of four chronic diseases after disaster exposure was performed. Under the direction of an informationist, the databases PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science (Science and Social Science Citation Index) were searched from inception to July 2019.

Results
Of 5,229 citations identified, 17 articles met the study criteria. Included articles were retrospective observational in nature and focused on earthquakes (24%, n = 4), hurricane (41%, n = 7), and wildfire (35%, n = 6) disasters. Outcome data by disease process included COPD (35%, n = 6), ESRD (41%, n = 7), CHF (24%, n = 4), and diabetes (29%, n = 5). Three main categories were identified: access to health care, postdisaster health care utilization, and study rigor. The age-stratified analyses reported in this review found multiple instances where disasters have limited or insignificant effects on older adults relative to younger populations.

Discussion and Implications
Disaster research faces unique methodological challenges, and there remains a need for data-driven conclusions on how best to care for older adults before, during, and after disasters. To encourage consistent dialogue among studies, we advocate for the use of rigorous and standardized scientific methodology to examine the health impacts of disasters on adults with chronic disease.
Regional maritime security in the eastern Mediterranean: expectations and reality
Authors: Rubin Aviad , Eiran Ehud 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recent developments in the eastern Mediterranean, such as significant gas finds; disagreements over the demarcation of maritime boundaries; large-scale violence and political instability following the Arab Spring; mass migration via sea routes; Great Power dynamics in the region; and environmental hazards, make the political entities along the shores of the eastern Mediterranean part of a regional security complex and create strong incentives for regional coordination on maritime security. Material international relations theories predict that growing security challenges (realism) coupled with expected gains (liberalism) will facilitate regional cooperation. Yet, the political entities in the region rely mainly on unilateral actions, or limited quasi-alliances in response to these challenges. The article shows the puzzling gap between the theoretical expectation and practical outcome in the region and explains why regional cooperation in the maritime domain fails to occur. It argues that cooperation on a regional scale fails to take place due to three complementing reasons: 1) lack of shared ideational features like cultural traits, set of values and regime type; 2) enduring rivalries between political entities in the region (Israel–Palestine; Turkey–Greece–Cyprus) coupled with internal strife within other regional political entities (Libya; Syria); and unequal political standing and lack of sovereignty of some of the political entities in the region (Northern Cyprus; the Palestinian Authority and the Gaza Strip).