bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal and Macular Changes in Pregnant Women of Advanced Maternal Age: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Xintian , Wen Yiyi , Zou Haiqing , Wang Shuangyong 
Published: November 2024

Aims/Background Pregnancy may cause physiological and pathological changes in multiple organs in a woman’s body, including the heart, liver, and eyes. With rapid advances in societies and economies, the proportion of advanced maternal age (AMA) women has significantly increased. Here, we aimed to investigate the changes in arteriole retinal diameter, venule diameter, macular layer thickness, and arteriole to venule ratio (AVR) in this population. Methods This retrospective case-control study included 523 pregnant women (1046 eyes) and was performed on both eyes. In total, 318 subjects were included in the AMA group, and 205 subjects were included in the non-AMA group. Nonmydriatic fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed on the same day, and the results were analyzed for the central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), AVR, and macular thickness (9 subfields) by integrative vessel analysis and automatic OCT software. Results In both eyes, the CRAE was significantly lower in the AMA group than that in the non-AMA group (p < 0.05; respectively). The CRVE in the AMA group was higher than that in the non-AMA group (p < 0.001; respectively). Compared to the non-AMA group, the AMA group exhibited a significant reduction in macular thickness within the inner nasal, outer nasal, and inner temporal subfields of both eyes (p < 0.05; respectively). Age was significantly correlated with CRVE and AVR in both eyes of pregnant women (CRVE: p < 0.0001; AVR: p < 0.01). Conclusion This study reports variations in the diameter of the retinal vasculature and the thickness of the macula in women of AMA. It is important to consider these changes when interpreting the adverse eye outcomes experienced by women of AMA.
Keratoplasty to restore vision in trachomatous corneal opacity: A literature review
Authors: Davidson Iain , Burton Matthew J. , Gupta Noopur , Kello Amir B. , Rose-Nussbaumer Jennifer , Solomon Anthony W. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness. Patients with trachomatous corneal opacity (TCO) are traditionally considered high-risk cases for graft failure. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that corneal transplantation may restore vision in such individuals. We wanted to review the available evidence for keratoplasty outcomes in TCO.

Methods
A literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science was performed using the search terms “trachoma* AND (keratoplasty OR cornea* transplant*)”. The search was restricted to studies published between 1 January 1992 and 12 October 2022. All types of prospective and retrospective study designs reporting outcomes of keratoplasty in trachoma were included. The primary outcome assessed was rate of graft survival in patients with TCO who received keratoplasty. Secondary outcomes were postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and graft rejection rates.

Results
Seven studies met our inclusion criteria. None were prospective trials; 215/302 grafts (71%) were clear at final follow-up. There was significant variability between studies in the reporting of patient characteristics, follow-up, complications, and outcomes. In data on penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), graft survival at final follow-up was observed in 161/195 eyes (83%). Studies assessing lamellar keratoplasty (LKP) reported graft survival in 18/20 eyes (90%). Rejection episodes were reported in 31/167 (19%) eyes managed with PKP and 0 of 20 eyes managed with LKP. Of 163 eyes, preoperative BCVA was ≤counting fingers in 76% and ≤6/60 in 91%. A postoperative BCVA of >6/60 was achieved in 63% of eyes.

Conclusions
There is a paucity of evidence supporting keratoplasty in TCO. However, it may hold visual rehabilitation promise for people whose needs have to date been largely ignored. More structured reporting of outcomes from centres which perform keratoplasty in TCO and a well-designed prospective study would be valuable additions to the literature.
Socioeconomic inequalities in high-risk fertility behaviour among Nigerian women: A non-experimental population-based study
Authors: Ekholuenetale Michael 
Published: November 2024

Background
High-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) has adverse health, social and economic effects on women. An understanding of socioeconomic inequalities is needed to design effective interventions targeted to lower maternal morbidity and mortality due to HRFB.

Objectives
The objective was to quantify socioeconomic inequalities in HRFB among Nigerian women.

Design
This was a cross-section study that used population-based data.

Methods
A sample of 21,792 Nigerian women aged 15–49 years from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey was analyzed. Percentage was employed in univariate analysis. In addition, concentration index was used to assess the extent of inequalities in HRFB. This was further decomposed to ascertain the explanatory components’ relative contributions to the socioeconomic inequalities in HRFB.

Results
The weighted prevalence of HRFB (63.5%; 95% CI: 62.6–64.4%), included <18 years at childbirth (4.9%; 95% CI:4.5–5.3%), >34 years at childbirth (18.3%; 95% CI: 17.6–19.0%), >3 children birth order (49.6%; 95% CI: 48.7–50.5%) and <24 months at preceding birth interval (17.0% 95% CI: 16.3–17.6%) were estimated. Education (Contri: 50.3997%, Ec: 0.2771), wealth (Contri: 27.2811%, Ec: 0.2665), socioeconomic disadvantaged (Contri: 14.9163%, Ec: -0.0996), religion (Contri: 13.8636%, Ec: -0.0496), region (Contri: 11.1724%, Ec: 0.0711), partner education (Contri: 7.1351%, Ec: 0.2138), media use (Contri: 4.5064%, Ec: 0.1449) and family motility (Contri: 3.7890%, Ec: -0.0281) were positive contributors to HRFBs among Nigerian women. However, age (Contri: -14.6237, Ec: 0.0089) and history of contraceptive use (Contri: -8.7723, Ec: -0.2094) were negative contributors to HRFBs among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.

Conclusion
Women who have low socioeconomic level reported higher prevalence of HRFB. Targeted interventions are required to lower HRFB among Nigerian women from poor households and with no formal education. Women should get counselling and assistance from healthcare and educational institutions to help them adopt healthy sexual and reproductive practices.
Socioeconomic deprivation and suicide in Appalachia: The use of three socioeconomic deprivation indices to explain county-level suicide rates
Authors: Caswell Erin D. , Hartley Summer D. , Groth Caroline P. , Christensen Mary , Bhandari Ruchi 
Published: November 2024

Objective
West Virginia’s (WV) suicide rate is 50% higher than the national average and is the highest in the Appalachian Region. Appalachia has several social factors that have contributed to greater socioeconomic deprivation, a known contributor of suicide. Given WV’s high prevalence of suicide and poverty, the current study aims to examine the relationship between socioeconomic deprivation and suicide rates in WV.

Methods
The Townsend Deprivation Index (TDI), Social Deprivation Index (SDI), and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) measured socioeconomic deprivation. Negative binomial regression models assessed the relationship between socioeconomic deprivation scores, individual index items, and suicide rates. Model comparisons evaluated the indices’ ability to assess suicide rates. A backward selection strategy identified additional key items for examining suicide rates.

Results
There was a significant increase in suicide rates for every 10% increase in TDI (β = 0.04; p < 0.01), SDI (β = 0.03; p = 0.04), and SVI scores (β = 0.05; p < 0.01). Household overcrowding and unemployment had a positive linear relationship with suicide in TDI (β = 0.04, p = 0.02; β = 0.07, p = 0.01), SDI (β = 0.10, p = 0.02; β = 0.01, p<0.01), and the SVI (β = 0.10, p = 0.02; β = 0.03, p<0.01). The backwards selection strategy identified additional key items included by the SVI when assessing suicide.

Conclusion
Greater socioeconomic deprivation, measured by the TDI, SDI, and SVI, was significantly associated with higher suicide rates. Expanding unemployment benefits and increasing the availability of affordable housing, especially in rural areas, may be useful in reducing suicide rates. Our results suggest racial and ethnic minorities and adults living with a disability may benefit from targeted suicide prevention strategies.
Spatial patterns and predictors of missing key contents of care during prenatal visits in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analyses
Authors: Hailegebireal Aklilu Habte , Bizuayehu Habtamu Mellie , Asgedom Yordanos Sisay , Feyisa Jira Wakoya 
Published: November 2024

Background
Quality Antenatal Care (ANC) is considered if pregnant women have access to essential services that align with the best evidence-based practice. Although several studies have been conducted on ANC uptake in Ethiopia, they have focused on the timing and number of visits and the level of complete uptake of care contents according to the WHO recommendation remains scarce. Hence, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of missing care content during ANC visits, its spatial variations, and individual- and community-level determinants in Ethiopia.

Methods
The study was conducted using the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey and included a total weighted sample of 4,771 women who gave birth within five years before the survey. Spatial analysis was carried out using Arc-GIS version 10.7 and SaTScan version 9.6 statistical software. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I) was checked to determine the non-randomness of the spatial variation in the missing contents of care. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using STATA version 16. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with its corresponding 95% CI was used as a measure of association.

Results
The prevalence of missing full contents of ANC in Ethiopia was 88.2% (95% CI: 87.2, 89.0), with significant spatial variations observed across regions. Missing essential contents of care was higher among women who live in rural areas (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.47, 2.71), not completed formal education (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI:1.24, 3.02), late initiation of ANC (aOR = 3.05, 95% CI:1.59, 6.54), attended only one ANC (aOR = 4.13, 95% CI: 1.95, 8.74), and not having a mobile phone (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.95).

Conclusion
The level of missing care content during prenatal visits was high in Ethiopia, with significant spatial variation across regions. Health systems and policymakers should promote early initiation and encourage multiple visits to provide optimal care to pregnant women. In addition, it is vital to focus on enhancing education and healthcare infrastructure in rural parts of the country.
Perbandingan Metode Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) dan Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM) Pada Klasifikasi Penyakit Cedera Panggul
Authors: Aisah Siti Nur , Dian Candra Rini Novitasari  , Farida Yuniar 
Published: November 2024

Nyeri punggung bawah merupakan sebuah masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi di dunia dan termasuk penyebab utama kecacatan. Di Indonesia pada tahun 2019 Hernia menduduki peringkat kedelapan penyakit terbanyak dengan jumlah kasus 292.145. Selain Hernia ganguan atau penyakit yang terjadi pada tulang panggul juga disebabkan karena menderita penyakit Spondylolithesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasi penyakit cedera panggul menggunakan Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) dan Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (KELM). Hasil uji coba terbaik yaitu dengan Nilai akurasi, sensitivitas dan spesifitas yaitu 90.25%, 88.66%, dan 92.22% untuk metode KELM.
Penerapan Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbour Pada Penyakit Jantung
Authors: Rohmatul Maula  , Saiful Bahri  
Published: November 2024

Jantung adalah organ paling penting yang dimiliki oleh manusia. Apabila terjadi kerusakan yang disebabkan penyempitan pembuluh darah, maka akan menyebabkan penyakit jantung. Penyakit jantung menempati urutan pertama kematian utama di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan orang yang mempunyai penyakit jantung atau tidak dengan beberapa tahapan pemeriksaan medis. Evaluasi terhadap data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan confusion matrix. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan variabel penelitian sebanyak 13 dan jumlah data sebanyak 1025. Data tersebut kemudian dibagi menjadi data training dan testing dengan perbandingan 80:20. Menggunakan metode K-Neirest Neighbour dapat diperoleh nilai K yang menunjukkan akurasi terbaik dalam pengklasifikasian. Nilai K yang menunjukkan evaluasi terbaik yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai K = 2 dengan akurasi 89 %, sensitifitas (recall) 82 %, dan spesitifitas 97 %.
Pohoda (well-being) učitelů a žáků ve škole – aktuální téma s různorodým uchopením
Authors: Mareš Jiří , Kucharská Anna 
Published: November 2024

Přehledová studie se věnuje pojmu, jenž vzbuzuje v posledních desetiletích zvýšený zájem odborníků z různých oborů, třebaže jeho základy položili filozofové už v antickém Řecku (viz dva základní přístupy – hedonismus a eudaimonismus). Navíc jde o pojem, pro nějž se obtížně hledá český ekvivalent. Mnozí čeští autoři tento pojem nepřekládají a pracují s celosvětově používaným anglickým termínem well-being. Jiná skupina českých autorů pracuje s termínem pohoda či osobní pohoda. Výklad celé problematiky je rozdělen do osmi částí. První část přibližuje staletou historii pojmu pohoda (well-being) a jeho proměny od antiky až po dnešek. Druhá část shrnuje současné snahy o definování pojmu pohoda a upozorňuje, že odborníci zatím nedospěli ke konsenzu. Třetí část nabízí přehled celého spektra teorií pohody a snaží se vysvětlit, z čeho vycházejí, na co kladou důraz a jak se dají využít. Čtvrtá část je zajímavá tím, že ukazuje, jak se jednotlivé vědní obory navzájem odlišují v chápání pohody a v práci s ní. Pro ilustraci byly vybrány tyto obory: medicína, pedagogika, psychologie, sociologie a nejnovější trend – multidisciplinární přístup. Pátá část přehledové studie prezentuje rozdílné typy pohody, které se v zahraniční odborné literatuře objevují. Naše analýza identifikovala celkem 30 různých typů pohody. Šestá část výkladu se soustřeďuje na diagnostikování pohody. Nabízí soubor 21 dotazníků zjišťujících míru pohody u dětí, adolescentů i dospělých osob. Sedmá část si zvolila téma, které zajímá širokou veřejnost, neboť se zamýšlí nad současnými poznatky o pohodě a nepohodě v prostředí školy. Poslední, osmá část přehledové studie nabízí pohled na intervence, které se snaží zlepšovat úroveň pohody u dětí a adolescentů.
Editorial
Authors: Cerqueira Fábio Vergara 
Published: November 2024

Este terceiro número dos Cadernos do LEPAARQ, que ora lançamos, representa a consolidação da revista, mantendo a sua periodicidade e trazendo a público artigos que ilustram um importante debate que os tempos atuais colocam ao arqueólogo: sua atuação na sociedade e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento social e econômico.
Non-canonical spatial organization of heterochromatin in mouse preimplantation embryos
Authors: Bonnet-Garnier Amélie , Ancelin Katia 
Published: November 2024

In briefSpatial genome organization refers to the arrangement of chromosomes within the nucleus, undergoing significant chromatin remodeling during the early stages of mammalian development. This review explores the mechanisms behind this organization, focusing on heterochromatin and its potential role in regulating embryonic genome expression.AbstractSpatial genome organization refers to the conformation of the chromosomes and their relative positioning within the nucleus. In mammals, fertilization entails intense chromatin remodeling of parental genomes, as well as large-scale structural changes in nuclear organization of the newly formed zygote over the first two cell cleavages. The molecular characteristics, mechanisms and functionality of spatial genome organization during the early steps of development in mice have been extensively studied and will be presented in this review, with a specific focus on heterochromatin. Concomitant with the maturation of genomic architecture, embryonic genome activation occurs in transient waves of transcription. Here, we will also discuss the putative link between heterochromatin organization and regulation of genome expression.
Rancang Bangun Prototype Dry Bath Incubator
Authors: Purnama Arya Putra Lalu Deri , Kartika Wisnu , Wibowo Susilo Ari 
Published: November 2024

Inkubasi Mandi Kering adalah alat yang digunakan untuk memproses atau memanaskan sampel mikroorganisme dalam tubuh, khususnya pencernaan makhluk hidup yang mempunyai tulang punggung atau disebut vertebrata yang memanfaatkan suhu 37 °C. Karena sampel bisa cepat rusak dan bisa terjadi koagulasi/pembukaan maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dry bath incubator dengan parameter timer dan mode preset dengan menggunakan LCD karakter 20x4 untuk menampilkan hasil pengujian suhu. Modul ini juga memerlukan driver fan (Dual MOSFET) untuk mengontrol kecepatan dan PWM pada heater. Arduino sebagai prosesor, kemudian hasil proses tersebut akan ditampilkan pada LCD. Pada pembuatan alat ini penulis menggunakan heater Blow PTC agar suhu yang diinginkan tercapai dan menggunakan PID untuk mengoptimalkan suhu yang diinginkan dengan resolusi yang sedikit dengan menggunakan sensor DS18B20. Hasil rata-rata pengukuran suhu pada thermometer digital dalam waktu 5 menit dengan nilai 36,9 °C dengan hasil error dalam waktu 5 menit 0,2% dan dalam waktu 60 menit dengan nilai rata-rata37 °C dengan hasil error dalam waktu 60 menit 0 % dan pada pengukuran waktu dalam 5 menit dan 60 menit dengan error 0 % dengan ini dapat disimpulkan dari kedua data tersebut bahwa kesalahan sama dengan 2 %.
Pruning and Chemical Manipulation Influence Leaf Physiological Parameters and Pod Yield Parameters of Perennial Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) cv. Kappalpatti Local During Off-Season
Authors: Kumar Manish , Harish Arumugam , Srivignesh S. , Manivannan S. , Challabathulah Dinakar , Thondaiman V , Ramesh Kumar Alagarsamy 
Published: November 2024

Understanding and controlling the physiological processes that regulate flowering is crucial for producing crops in off-season. To explore this, an experiment was conducted involving various pruning intensities and chemical sprays to induce off-season flowering and fruiting in moringa trees. The experiment followed a Factorial Randomized Block Design, with Factor I representing pruning at four levels: P-1 (No pruning), P-2 (Pinching off the previous year's growth of fruiting branches), P-3 (Light pruning, removing 33% of previous year's growth), and P-4 (Severe pruning, removing 66% of previous year's growth). Factor II involved chemical sprays at seven levels: C-1 (Control - water spray), C-2 to C-7 (Different chemical treatments). A total of 28 treatment combinations were tested with two replications each. Pruning was performed in the second week of July, and chemicals were sprayed twice, with the first application 30 days after pruning and the second 15 days thereafter. Various physiological parameters such as nitrate reductase activity, total carbohydrate content, nitrogen content, carbohydrate: nitrogen ratio, soluble protein, IAA oxidase activity, and gibberellic acid content in leaves were measured using standard procedures. Pod yield-related characteristics such as number of panicles per tree, number of flowers per panicle, number of pods per panicle, and total pod yield per tree were also recorded. Statistical analysis was conducted following Panse and Sukhatme's procedures (1985), revealing significant effects on various physiological parameters by pruning, chemicals, or their combinations. These alterations in physiological parameters induced flowering during the off-season in perennial moringa cv. Kappalpatti local. Notably, the interaction between pinching and foliar application of nitrobenzene at 0.5% (P2 × C7) resulted in 61.15 panicles per tree, while severe pruning combined with foliar application of paclobutrazol at 50 ppm (P4 × C2) led to 125.45 flowers per panicle. Additionally, the interaction between light pruning and foliar application of paclobutrazol at 50 ppm (P3 × C2) showed significantly higher mean numbers of pods per panicle (2.95) and pod yield per tree (14.14 kg).
AGROFORESTRI TRADISIONAL “DUSUNG” SEBAGAI SOLUSI KELOLA HUTAN PULAU KECIL DI MALUKU (KASUS PULAU AMBON)
Authors: Silaya Thomas Melianus , Latupapua Lesly 
Published: November 2024

Pulau Ambon sebagai pulau kecil memiliki karakteristik dan tingkat kerentanan yang tinggi terhadap berbagai pengaruh ekologis dibandingkan dengan pulau besar, untuk itu dibutuhkan suatu pola pengelolaan lahan yang tepat. Agroforesrty tradisional (dusung) dapat menjadi solusi dalam pengelolaan lahan/ hutan pada pulau-pulau kecil di Maluku. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dan menjelaskan pengelolaan dusung dari aspek ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial-budaya terkait dengan pengelolaan hutan pada pulau-pulau kecil di Maluku. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, dan penentuan lokasi penelitian berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa struktur dan komposisi vegetasi dusung di Pulau Ambon terdiri atas tingkat pohon, tiang, sapihan dan semai, dengan jenis vegetasi yang memiliki nilai Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) tertinggi adalah Eugenia aromatica, Durio zibethinus, Myristica fragrans, Bouea macrophylla, dan Gmelina molucanna. Pola pengelolaan dusung dapat menjadi solusi kelola hutan pada pulau-pulau kecil seperti di Pulau Ambon dan pulau-pulau lainnya di Maluku, karena secara ekologis kondisi vegetasi dusung hampir sama dengan kondisi vegetasi hutan primer. Sedangkan secara ekonomi, pola pengelolaan dusung memberikan kontribusi pendapatan keluarga bagi petani pemilik dusung yang cukup besar (71,75%), dan secara sosial budaya pola dusung telah dipraktekan oleh masyarakat di Maluku dengan penerapan berbagai nilai-nilai kearifan lokal seperti sasi, kewang dan masohi.
Estimation of Acting Factor in Stress from Motorbike Sounds
Authors: Pareniuk Anastasiia Volodymyrivna , Pareniuk Dmytro Volodymyrovych 
Published: November 2024

In the presented study, the search for the acting force in stressor acoustic signal and common everyday acoustic signal is presented. As stressors the signals of acoustic siren of air raid alert and other dangers in the different counties were used, and as everyday signals the sound of motorbikes passing by observers were used. In total five different signals of alert sirens were used. Numerical values presented in research were obtained via frequency analysis with Hann’s window and later – via spectrogram survey. This survey allowed us to find the presence of a steady frequency components in the observed signals, and, most importantly, the presence of rises and falls in said components. These changes in frequency had their speed of change calculated for sirens and motorbikes. For the rise of frequency mean speed in the siren group was calculated as 164 Hz/second, fall was 80 Hz/second. For the motorbike, the speed of frequency rise had a mean value calculated as 166 Hz/second and fall of frequency was estimated as 67 Hz/second. Possible sources for said effect in motorbike signals are Doppler effect and rise of RPM during acceleration. During the statistical analysis via implementation of the non-parametric method due to the character of data distribution in the studied group the lack of statistically meaningful differences between speeds of frequency rise in frequency components of the signals was found. Said rise is presumed to be the acting factor in stress from everyday sounds.