bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Managing Emergent Risk due to Rising Complexity in Aerospace Systems
Authors: DeTurris Dianne , Palmer Andrew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractManaging complexity in the aerospace industry is essential for effective development of modern engineered systems. Preventing emergent risk while maintaining cost and schedule discipline is the main objective for addressing uncontrolled self‐organization due to complexity. Emergent risk can be quantified by viewing systems from multiple stakeholder and design perspectives to more accurately assess unforeseen behaviors. Methods for dealing with complexity that come from the systems, organizational and complexity science perspectives are considered and transposed into an aerospace context. This survey highlights commonalities between complexity management methods, systems design models, and elements of systems thinking that can be used to predict and prepare for emergent behavior in the system. Using new points‐of‐view in design gives practicing engineers more information with which to view and manipulate system properties. Ultimately, the solution for managing complexity lies in multidisciplinary collaboration in order to solve problems that span multiple academic domains.
Risk Management Limbo: How Low Can You Go?
Authors: Medina Casey 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRisk management standards and regulations are evolving and becoming increasingly stringent. This paper describes a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of risk control measures that draws from existing work on system resilience. System resilience principles are reduced to a set of questions that can be easily understood to ensure adequate application of the principles. This paper describes a method for determining when appropriate risk reduction has been achieved and a method that can be applied consistently across projects, companies, and industries to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of risk mitigation efforts.
An MBSE Tool to Support Architecture Design for Spacecraft Electrical Power System
Authors: Liu Zhigang , Chen Qi , Xia Ning , Yang Mengfei , Du Qing , Lu Jinzhi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince difficulty and complexity of spaceflight missions are increasing, current electric systems in the spacecraft become growingly complicated challenging the spacecraft electrical power system (EPS) architecture development. By using traditional approaches, system architectures are managed by document collections including various reports, documents and data chats. Due to lack of a unified visualization of system architectures, consistency and traceability among data, documents and information are difficult to manage, particular in supporting architecture design and system verification and validation. This paper presents a model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) tool with emphasis on domain specific modeling (DSM), architecture visualization, model transformation and automated verification and validation by using Modelica. The MBSE tool aims to develop the architecture models of EPS, to support MBSE‐driven visualizations of architectural hierarchies inspired by related techniques of Google Earth and to realize architecture‐driven verification & validation by using Modelica language. Finally, through a case study of EPS, we evaluate the feasibility of our tool.
Using Board Games as Subject Matter for Developing Expertise in Model‐Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Corrado Matthew , Trase Kathryn 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs more organizations transition from traditional document‐centric systems engineering to a model‐based approach, many are challenged to train their staff in new languages, tools, and methodologies, while managing the expectations of stakeholders and their expected model outcomes. In particular, challenges associated with learning a new modeling language and developing skills in the ‘art’ of modeling present organizations with formidable obstacles to realizing this transition. This paper hypothesizes that systems engineers may more readily learn how to correctly model with SysML, and develop intuition about the art of modeling and using patterns, if their learning references a commonly and thoroughly‐understood subject, such as a board game. This paper presents a case for the use of board games as subject matter for new modelers. It demonstrates the concept with a sample model of Hasbro's popular board game, Monopoly, and discusses the limitations of this approach and potential adaptations that may broaden the applicability of the learned skills to projects. Finally, results from a small feasibility assessment and concepts for more formal study to evaluate the hypothesis are presented.
Instant‐Expertise in Failure Causation: Developing and Presenting a Network of Causes and Recommendations Extracted from Past Failures
Authors: Aloisio Diane , Marais Karen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSystems engineering failures like schedule slips, budget overruns, and other setbacks, occur often and can be costly, but the literature provides little guidance on why these failures occur or how to prevent them. In our previous work we argued that systems engineering failures are manifestations of similar underlying problems, and thus leveraged literature on the theory of accident causation, as well as the many accident investigation reports, to understand better how and why project failures occur and potential ways of preventing these failures. We developed a database of over 900 examples of failure causes and over 600 examples of remedial actions. In this paper, we detail our process for building this database into an interactive network‐based solution aid that anyone experiencing problems in their project or organization can access. The interactive solution aid provides the user with “instant expertise” in accident causation and remediation because it provides users with summaries and simplifications of the causes and remediation measures from the failures we studied.
INCOSE Working Group Addresses System and Software Interfaces
Authors: Sheard Sarah , Cadigan John , Chim Leung , Creel Rita , Marvin Joseph , Pafford Michael E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the 21stcentury, when any sophisticated system has significant software content, it is increasingly critical to articulate and improve the interface between systems engineering and software engineering, i.e., the relationships between systems and software engineering technical and management processes, products, tools, and outcomes. Although systems engineers and software engineers perform similar activities and use similar processes, their primary responsibilities and concerns differ. Systems engineers focus on the global aspects of a system. Their responsibilities span the lifecycle and involve ensuring the various elements of a system—e.g., hardware, software, firmware, engineering environments, and operational environments—work together to deliver capability. Software engineers also have responsibilities that span the lifecycle, but their focus is on activities to ensure the software satisfies software‐relevant system requirements and constraints. Software engineers must maintain sufficient knowledge of the non‐software elements of the systems that will execute their software, as well as the systems their software must interface with. Similarly, systems engineers must maintain sufficient awareness of the software to enable early identification and resolution of software risks and issues driven by other system elements. Thus, to enable continued progress in creating and sustaining capability in complex, interconnected systems, systems and software engineers must commit to improving the interfaces between their disciplines, to aligning and integrating their terminology, processes, methods, and tools.Recognizing the need to improve the system engineering‐software engineering interface, INCOSE approved the charter of the System and Software Interface Working Group (SaSIWG) in 2017. At its initial meeting at the INCOSE International Symposium 2017 (IS 2017) in Adelaide, Australia, the SaSIWG derived working group objectives from lists of brainstormed systems and software issues. This paper documents the interface issues elicited, grouped into seven categories, along with systemsoftware interface use cases identified by SaSIWG members. The interface issues and use cases expose questions for the SaSIWG to prioritize and respond to. The paper concludes with a summary of the SaSIWG's plan to respond to these questions and strengthen the interface between the systems engineering and software engineering disciplines.
Modeling the Sociotechnical Dimensions of Urban Resilience: Community‐level Microgrids
Authors: McDermott Tom , Nadolski Molly , Duncan Dorraine , Clowse Madeline 
Published: August 2018

AbstractINCOSE Vision 2025 states an imperative to apply systems engineering to help shape policy in relation to social systems and identifies a number of societal grand challenges, including energy security and sustainability. The document further states a future where “the addition of a formal systems approach helps decision‐makers to select cost effective, safe, and sustainable policies that are more broadly embraced by the stakeholder community.” (INCOSE, 2014) This paper discusses a series of models that combine technical aspects of urban community microgrids with economic and policy drivers. Together these efforts explore systems engineering methods that capture a social systems approach to technology driven trades. Specifically this work discusses models that allow stakeholders to analyze the impacts of the implementation of a community‐level microgrids on the energy burden of residents (a social variable). Microgrids have been proven to provide resilience for communities during shocks to the electrical system, such has hurricanes and grid‐wide black outs; however, better understanding is needed on the actual impact of microgrids on the energy burden of community residents. While this research explores whether or not the benefits of microgrids can extend to the household level by assessing their impacts on the cost of energy, the goal is to provide a policy model which will act as a valuable decision aid for future, more sustainable and resilient, energy infrastructure policy. Initial research indicates that community scale microgrids with attachment to a central urban grid are economically feasible and can benefit community resilience, but Atlanta specific policy constraints related to regulated utilities must overcome. Our work interprets all the economic, policy and social elements as an essential set of factors operating in a dynamic ecosystem.
Digital Engineering Models of Complex Systems using Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) from Enterprise Architecture (EA) to Systems of Systems (SoS) Architectures & Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Authors: Tsui Roy , Davis Devin , Sahlin John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the sharing of our experiences and lessons learned to modernize a warship with C6ISR utilizing the digital engineering MBSE models of complex systems. We captured Enterprise Architecture (EA) DoDAF views, KPP and KSA in Capability Views (CV). At the EA, information passes into domain specific SoS Block Definition Diagrams (BDD) and Internal Block Diagrams (IBD) to interface and exchange information via SysML models and generate the Interface Control Document (ICD) automatically. The paper illustrates the mapping of EA with SoS digital models and tracing from EA to SoS MOE, MOP, MOS and TPM. The paper applies a Use Case to exemplify OOSEM life cycle activities for requirements traceability. The paper has demonstrated that both EA and SoS are derived from Systems Engineering (SE) process and can be validated and verified via the “V‐Model” and endorse the noticeable reduction in the total development cost per complex systems project.
Case Study: Application of DoD Architecture Framework to Characterizing a Hospital Emergency Department as the Intended Use Environment for Medical Devices
Authors: Malins Robert J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a case study by the Biomedical‐Healthcare Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) Challenge Team in response to inputs received during workshops held at the 2015 and 2016 INCOSE International Workshops. At IW2015 and IW2016, the Challenge Team held workshops, including clinicians and systems engineers, to assess potential contributions of systems engineering, and MBSE, to clinical operations. At these workshops it was claimed that clinical operations were too complex to be modeled with existing MBSE tools from defense and aerospace. It was further claimed that there would be very limited value to MBSE products. Based on these claims, the MBSE Challenge team undertook several case studies to evaluate the ability of MBSE tools to represent clinical operations and to address problems relevant to healthcare. This paper describes the outcomes of applying one MBSE tool, the DoD Architecture Framework, to characterize clinical operations as the intended use environment for medical devices.
Model‐Based Simulation for Design of nn Airport Autonomous Approach and Landing System
Authors: Snisarevska Oleksandra , Sherry Lance , Shortle John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSpacing on the final approach segment while landing at an airport is critical to safe and efficient operations. Spacing on this segment is subject to a large number of stochastic factors that affect the ability of pairs of landing flights to achieve and maintain a desired separation. Due to the combinatorics of these stochastic factors, rule‐based automation cannot meet the performance requirements or adapt as the system characteristics migrate over time. Previous research described the design of a closed‐loop stochastic control system for an autonomous approach and landing system (A2LS) to manage spacing requirements to achieve safety and efficiency goals.This paper describes the design of a model‐based simulation used to test the A2LS concept‐of‐operations. The simulation includes a model of the sequence of flights on the approach, the flow spacing closed‐loop control law for the A2LS, and a user‐interface to adjust plant and control law parameters and visualize the results. The limitations and implications of the simulation on the Model‐based System Engineering process are discussed.
Architecture Design of Nuclear Power Plants Systems through Viewpoints‐based Systems Analysis
Authors: Navas Juan , Bonnet Stephane , Tannery Philippe , Voirin Jean‐Luc 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a method to perform the architecture definition and design of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) systems. This method is based on the viewpoints concept and on an existing Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach that was tailored to address the complexity factors of NPP engineering, progressively guarantee the comprehensiveness of the design and facilitate the safety assessment. This paper also provides an illustration of how this method was applied to define the architecture of a Nuclear Island system, provides valuable findings for the designer organization regarding the deployment of MBSE approaches and presents their key benefits and future improvement actions.
A Hybrid Liver‐Candidate Transportation System to Improve Accessibility and Extend Organ Life in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Ganesan Rajesh , Hung Wen‐Chi , Chen Chun‐Hung , Peng Tzu‐Yi , Koizumi Naoru 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the USA, access to liver transplant is determined by the geographical organ allocation boundaries. The current allocation system involves a three‐tier hierarchical boundary system consisting of Organ Procurement Organization (OPO), the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), and the National (USA) boundary. The search for a matching candidate when a liver is available begins within OPOs and moves up to the UNOS and National levels. The boundary‐based allocation system results in several issues such as geographical disparity in access, long system waiting times, liver wastages, high post‐graft failure, and prioritization of less severe candidates that live close to a transplant center over more needy ones from farther away. The paper investigates the conflict between attempts that reduce geographical disparity and those that optimize organ life (results in geographical disparity) through the application of Modeling and Simulation (M&S) to System Engineering. To resolve the above conflict, the paper presents the system architecture of a new hybrid liver‐candidate transport system instead of a liver‐only transport system, and uses discrete event simulation to model and validate the new system.
A Pilot Study to Determine MBSE Utility for Process Modeling of Complex Interfaces
Authors: Owens “Skip” Clark V. , Dukes Alexandra M. , Daly Shaun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractModeling a full system or a complete interface between systems in a MBSE environment is a very large task and not all organizations will benefit enough from using MBSE to offset the effort that is required to do this. Completely modeling a system or interface is not necessary to evaluate the utility of MBSE for a specific application or organization. The first step in any new and ambitious endeavor is to first demonstrate its utility. A small pilot can be executed over a short period of time that only models small portions of a system or interface and, if structured properly, this pilot can successfully demonstrate the utility of MBSE for an organization before having to invest a larger amount of resources to fully implement and deploy MBSE. This paper documents one such pilot that was conducted for NASA's Launch Services Program Integration Engineering organization in the hope that this example will lead the way for others to take a similar “one step at a time” approach. This paper does not present a process for conducting a MBSE pilot, as a generic process would have very little value to the community due to the amount of tailoring that would be required to apply it to a different project.
Architecting Disruptive Digital Product‐Service Systems
Authors: Kumar Anand , Lokku Doji Samson , Natarajan Swaminathan , Nori Kesav V 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCurrently, the context in which systems are architected, developed, delivered and experienced has changed. Advances in digital technologies are leading to revolutionary product‐service systems and changing the landscape of businesses. Increasingly, such Digital product‐service systems are at the forefront of globalization. Their proliferation has been substantial considering the rate of adoption by the masses. These systems have transformed social interactions, customer relationships, and have reshaped the ability to access and leverage information for the benefit of the stakeholders. They deal with products, services and interconnected, global systems that interact with multiple role players across multiple geographies, addressing multiple concerns of stakeholders across multiple disciplines by utilizing digital technologies in a dynamic and challenging environment while providing near real time response and rich customer experience. The challenge for the architects of these systems is to consistently and repeatedly disrupt the status quo without compromising on the quality of the offering and the value delivered to stakeholders. In this paper, an approach to architect such disruptive systems is presented. As an exemplar, the architecture for a digital product‐services system that enables senior care is illustrated in this paper.
Automated Component‐Selection of Design Synthesis for Physical Architecture with Model‐Based Systems Engineering using Evolutionary Trade‐off
Authors: Arifin Habibi Husain , Chimplee Nasis , Kit Robert Ong Ho , Daengdej Jirapun , Sortrakul Thotsapon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractComponent‐Selection is an important task in design synthesis of MBSE. A trade study is commonly used to help systems engineers and stakeholders selecting the components of a systems design. A simple analysis may be sufficient when it involves only two parameters. However, when the components and their integration become more complex, the trade study also becomes harder, time‐ and cost‐consuming, and error‐prone. This paper aims to propose a method to automatically generate the solution by performing an evolutionary search. Sample components of a hybrid car which consists of an engine, an electric motor, and a battery are used in our initial prototype. The logical architecture is represented in the OMG SysMLTM via CSMTM. Through the experimental result, this paper shows that the proposed technique allowed the system design to be efficiently selected.
An Austere SoS Integration Assurance Methodology
Authors: Cook Stephen C , Unewisse Mark H 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper outlines the development of a Program Integration and Interoperability Assessment (Program I2A) methodology. The methodology underpins integration and interoperability (I2) assurance through a system‐of‐systems engineering assessment approach used to undertake Program capability design, realization and management, and examination of the key artefacts. A scorecard approach was designed for the Program I2A. The methodology was tested on a complex Defence capability (Integrated Air and Missile Defence) and from the lessons learnt it was refined to generate the Program I2A methodology described in this paper. A notable feature of the methodology is that it inherently facilitates the delivery of a force that will be joint and integrated by design. In particular, it provides senior decision‐makers with evidence to gauge the effectiveness of the emerging Program and force‐level (SoS) approaches. In doing so it lays the foundations for a mechanism to facilitate the cultural changes needed to establish a joint‐by‐design approach to delivering integrated force capabilities.
System Engineering Strategies for Coastal Flooding Mitigation
Authors: McEligot Kim , Brouse Peggy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCoastal flooding is a significant economic hazard. Multiple mitigation measures may be complementary or counterproductive. This paper identifies the applicability of System Engineering techniques in the development of a coherent mitigation policy at the community level. Current mitigation design practices are described, improvements are identified and a model‐based approach is recommended. An integrated computational fluid dynamics and agent based modeling framework is proposed to conduct cost‐benefit analysis of public structural mitigations and other options.
Exploration of the Complex Ontology
Authors: Beale Dean , Tryfonas Theo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the established definition of words in the English language, is at odds with other definitions of complexity proffered by Complexity Theory. This variance is likely to cause confusion in the delivery community. The incorrect classification of a project between ‘complicated’ and ‘complex’ is considered by some to be a major source of project failure; implying that resolving this issue is critical to successful system development. This paper explores the definition of complexity by assessing definitions from various sources and by conducting a survey of over 100 delivery professionals. The results demonstrate the extent of the confusion and have informed considerations on how to resolve this. This paper recommends that the definition is either defined at the start, or that the term is avoided by using its component parts. This paper proposes supporting an emerging definition that resolves many of the issues, if adopted widely.