bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced dissolution and solubility of Epalrestat with β-Cyclodextrin ternary complex using Arginine
Authors: Jagtap Sneha , Chandrakant Magdum 
Published: January 2019

The objective of present is work to achieve improvement in solubility and dissolution using Epalrestat with β-cyclodextrin ternary complex with addition of L-arginine. Kneading method with and without incorporation of L-arginine was used to obtain the solid systems (binary and ternary complex) of Epalrestat with β-cyclodextrin and characterized for DSC, PXRD, SEM. Phase solubility, saturation solubility, dissolution and stability studies were carried out. The effect of L-arginine was investigated on complexation efficiency of β-cyclodextrin towards Epalrestat in an aqueous media through phase solubility according to Higuchi and Connors. Phase solubility studies showed AL (linear) type of solubility curve in presence of L-arginine, the complexation efficiency and association constant of β-cyclodextrin towards Epalrestat were promoted by L-arginine signifying its use as a ternary component. Dissolution rate of Epalrestat and solubility were significantly improved by complexation with β-cyclodextrin as compared to Epalrestat alone. Ternary complex incorporated with L-arginine proved better than binary complex. Hence, L-arginine could be exploited as a ternary component to improve the solubility of Epalrestat via β-cyclodextrin complexation.
Keywords: Epalrestat, solubility enhancement, inclusion complexes, β-cyclodextrin, L-arginine.
Formulation and evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles of an antihypetensive drug for gastroretention
Authors: Betala Surendranath , Mohan Varma M , Abbulu K 
Published: January 2019

The aim of present study was to formulate and evaluate nanoparticles of carvedilol by using different hydrophilic polymers. Carvedilol was selected as a suitable drug for gastro- retentive nanoparticles due to its short half life, low bioavailability, high frequency of administration, and narrow absorption window in stomach and upper part of GIT. The nano-precipitation method was used to prepare nanoparticles so as to avoid both chlorinated solvents and surfactants to prevent their toxic effect on the body. Nanoparticles of carvedilol were prepared by using hydrophilic polymers such as HPMC K100M, chitosan, and gelatin. The prepared formulations were then characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, loading efficiency, encapsulation efficiency and drug-excipient compatibility. The prepared nanoparticulate formulations of carvedilol with different polymers in 1:1 ratio have shown particle size in the range of 250.12-743.07 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) in the range of 0.681-1.0, zeta potential in the range of -14.2 to +33.2 mV, loading efficiency in the range of 8.74-17.54%, and entrapment efficiency in the range of 55.7%-74.2%. Nanoparticulate formulation prepared with chitosan in 1:1 ratio showed satisfactory results i.e. average particle size 312.04 nm, polydispersity index 0.681, zeta potential 33.2 mV, loading efficiency 17.54%, and entrapment efficiency 73.4%. FTIR study concluded that no major interaction occurred between the drug and polymers used in the present study.
Keywords: Nanoparticles; gastro-retentive; nano-precipitation, polydispersity index, zeta potential; entrapment efficiency.
Formulation and evaluation of effervescent tablets: a review
Authors: Patel Salim G , Siddaiah M 
Published: January 2019

Oral dosage forms are the most popular way of taking medication, despite having some disadvantages compared with other methods like risk of slow absorption of the medicament, which can be overcome by administering the drug in liquid form, therefore, possibly allowing the use of a lower dosage. However, instability of many drugs in liquid dosage form limits its use. Effervescent technique can be used as alternate to develop a dosage form which can accelerate drug disintegration and dissolution, is usually applied in quick release preparations. Along with the development of new pharmaceutical technique, effervescent tablet are more and more extensively to adjust the behaviour of drug release, such as in sustained and controlled release preparations, pulsatile drug delivery systems, and so on. This review demonstrated the new applying of effervescent technique in effervescent tablets.
Keywords: Effervescent Tablet, Sustained release, Floating Delivery System
Spectral Analysis of Drug Loaded Nanoparticles for Drug-Polymer Interactions
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Faruk Abdul , Bedi Preet Mohinder Singh 
Published: January 2019

PLGA [Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)] is a one of the widely used biodegradable polymer. The extensive use of PLGA is due to its biocompatible properties and is also approved by FDA and European Medicine Agency in parenteral drug delivery system. Chitosan (CS) is also an extensively used natural polymer in the field of medicine. It has been well documented as a potential drug carrier due to its biocompatibility. Various reports has also suggested the role of chitosan in formulation of nanoparticles to increase the drug bioavailability and efficacy. The characterization of these systems pose interesting analytical challenges. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique helps to analyze the adsorption of functional groups on nanoparticles and also to investigate the drug polymer interactions. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis helps in detection of crystallinity of drugs and polymers on basis of diffraction patterns. This study investigates the characterizations of methotrexate (MTX) and Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded nanoparticles of PLGA and chitosan with help of FTIR and XRD techniques.
Keywords: PLGA, XRD, MTX, Chitosan, FTIR, 5-FU
A validated stability indicating LC-MS compatible RP-HPLC assay and dissolution methods for marketed formulation Stribild
Authors: Harini U , Pawar AKM 
Published: January 2019

Objective: The prime objective of the current work is to develop a simple, rapid, efficient, economical and stability indicating LC-MS (liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy) compatible RP - HPLC (reverse phase – high performance liquid chromatography) method for the analysis of emtricitabine (EMT), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), cobicistat (COB) and elvitegravir (ELV) in bulk, marketed formulation (Stribild) and in In-vitro dissolution method.
Method: The chromatography was achieved on Unisol C18 column (250 × 4.0 mm, 3 µ) with a mobile phase combination of acetate buffer (adjusted with dilute glacial acetic acid to pH 4) and acetonitrile in gradient mode at a flow rate of 1mL/min and the detection was performed at 260 nm using PDA (photo diode array) detector. Forced degradation studies were performed and the % degradation under various stress conditions was calculated. The developed RP-HPLC method was applied for Stribild tablets to study the dissolution profile.
Results: The retention times for emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, cobicistat and elvitegravir were 5.7, 12.1, 16.3 and 19.4 min respectively. The % degradation was below 20% which is within the limits. The percent drug release was found to meet USP specification, i.e. not less than 80% of amount of labeled drug EMT, TDF, COB and ELV dissolved in 30min.
Conclusion: The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and all the validation parameters were within the compendial requirements. The proposed method can be successfully adopted for the analysis of Stribild tablets in pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: Stribild, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, cobicistat, elvitegravir
Successful treatment of ureteric calculi with constitutional homoeopathic medicine Lycopodium clavatum: A Case report
Authors: Hati Akshaya Kumar , Rath Sasmita , Nayak Chintamani , Raj Induprava , Sahoo Amulya Ratna , PAITAL BISWARANJAN 
Published: January 2019

Introduction
Formation of stone in the urinary tract, kidney, ureter and bladder is called as Urolithiasis. Formation of urinary stones is very common. About 5-15% population are affected with urinary stone, and, therefore, causes high morbidity in comparison to the above types of stone formation. Shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy along with conservative treatments are the most common approaches for the treatment of calculi, although considered as expressive in one hand, and on the other hand, such interventions may lead to complications. Therefore, alternative medicines give a second thought for the treatment of urolithiasis because it avoids surgical interventions. Here we present a case study for the successful treatment of urolithiasis by a homoeopathic medicine Lycopodium clavatum in a 43 years old male.
Case Profile
A 43-year-old male patient with intense pain in the right loin for 5-6 days, increased frequency of urination, ineffectual urination, severe pain during urination, and finally with the pain score was 9, was considered for treatment in the present study. Based on his complete case history, Lycopodium clavatum at potencies of 0/1 to 0/6 was prescribed to him.
Conclusion
Correct homoeopathic organ specific or constitutional formulation(s) selected based on specific important symptoms can also be efficacious in diseases such as ureteric stone. Constitutional medicine Lycopodium clavatum is usually prescribed when the patient is with right side pain with ureteric stone and it is justified in the present case report. Randomized control trial is suggested to ascertain the results obtained in the present study i.e. successful treatment of urolithiasis with the constitutional homeopathic formulation Lycopodium clavatum.
An updated review on Anti-Alzheimer’s herbal drugs
Authors: Sanka Nihitha , Santhipriya N , Nadendla Rama Rao 
Published: January 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is related to cognitive impairment, dementia observed generally in aged population due to neurodegeneration in an ongoing manner. It gradually worsens memory power of the patient. The hallmark diagnosis features includes formation of senile plaques and Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT’S) [1, 2]. Too little availability of Acetyl choline (ACh) a neurotransmitter in the cerebral region due to metabolism by an enzyme Acetyl choline esterase before showing its action and neural death are the primary reasons for AD. There are many categories of Anti-Alzheimer’s drugs available for management of AD in the market but due to lack of patient compliance successful outcomes were not observed [3]. Apart from this including Nutraceuticals in diet daily routine, Aromatherapy, modifications in the regular schedule, practicing yoga regularly relaxes mind and body from tensions, insomnia, blood circulation, detoxification of organs due to rhythmic breathings and reduce frequency of incidence of headache are proven to show best results by relieving stress according to survey[4-9]. At present herbal medicine has turn out to be best choice for the management of AD because of its availability, very economic, good patient compliance, ease of formulation and lower deleterious side effects [10, 11]. Novel techniques can be used for the development of herbal medicine. This review totally discuses about the occurrence of AD, its Pathophysiology, different stages in the disorder, various selective therapeutic targets for AD, available Anti-AD herbal drugs such as Curcumin, Withania somnifera, Bhrami, Ginkgo biloba, guggul, ginseng, herbs with essential oils, volatile oils, source and cultivation of the herbs, mechanism of action of the Phytochemicals in the herb responsible for treating AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cognitive impairment, Dementia, Senile plaques, Nutraceuticals, Herbal medicine, Phytoconstituents.
Formulation and evaluation of orodispersible tablets of lornoxicam
Authors: Ansari K Kareemuddin , Sharma Neeraj 
Published: January 2019

Orodispersible tablets (ODTs), also known as fast melt, quick melts, fast disintegrating have the unique property of disintegrating in the mouth in seconds without chewing and the need of water. The purpose of this investigation was to develop mouth dissolving tablets of Lornoxicam using KYRON T-314 (Polacrillin Potassium) as a novel superdisintegrant. Mouth dissolving tablets of lornoxicam were prepared by wet granulation technique using KYRON T-314 as superdisintegrant and menthol as subliming agent. The present study demonstrated potentials for rapid absorption, improved bioavailability, effective therapy and patient compliance.
Keywords: KYRON T-314, Mouth dissolving tablet, Lornoxicam, Subliming agent, Superdisintegrant
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF METOCLOPRAMIDE HCL RECTAL SUPPOSITORIES
Authors: Chioma Deborah Ejiogu , Yusuf Felix Sunday 
Published: January 2019

Metoclopramide hydrochloride is a dopamine receptor antagonist, used mostly for stomach and esophageal problems as it is a prokinetic agent. The aim of the present study was to design and evaluate the suppositories of Metoclopramide HCl. Six different, rectal suppositories were developed by fusion (pour-moulding) method by employing various hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric bases like gelatin, PEG-400 and hydrogenated vegetable oil using propylene glycol as plasticizer and beeswax as hardening agent. Metoclopramide HCl suppositories were evaluated for appearance, weight variation, drug content uniformity, liquefaction time and temperature, micro-melting range, disintegration and in-vitro release study. The in-vitro release rate data was evaluated statistically and was found that from all the formulations the drug release is by diffusion mechanism. Optimum formulation of batch S1 has shown 83.427% Metoclopramide HCl in a study of 2 hrs. These drug release results are supported by the disintegration time of suppositories. Lesser the disintegration time faster the drug release. All formulations has shown zero, first and Higuchi release kinetics. The result suggests that the Metoclopramide HCl suppositories can be prepared by employing hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers.
DIÁLOGO COM O SAGRADO: Narrativas das benzedeiras e rezadeiras de Santo Amaro
Authors: Ribeiro Elder Pereira , De Sena Márcio Luis Moreira , Oreste Liverson Ferreira Santos 
Published: January 2019

Este relato de experiência apresenta resultados da pesquisa sobre a Saúde em Santo Amaro: a partir dos saberes tradicionais das rezadeiras/benzedeiras que teve por objetivo analisar as práticas medicinais e espirituais com o sagrado. A pesquisa etnográfica foi realizada com as rezadeiras, dessa forma, estabelecendo fronteiras com os rituais de cura, fé e devoção, nos processos de aprendizagem, aos mais variados tipos de doenças, as rezas e as curas, sendo assim, realizadas por elas. As rezadeiras/benzedeiras são mulheres cujo valor histórico, tornando-se as suas benzeduras símbolo de resistência humana, na sua prática sobre as benzeduras. Entretanto, vale fomentar na pesquisa, sobretudo, as suas práticas também estão relacionadas a conhecimentos católicos, indígena, africana, com seus “cânticos” e “rezas” religiosas, trazendo consigo o desejo da fé de resultar o seu trabalho por alcances estabelecidos nas suas práticas reverenciadas assim as pessoas que procuram por elas. O objeto é tentar caminhar ao longo da história, em conjunto com as práticas religiosas, percebendo as inúmeras implicações produzidas pela sociedade. O contexto etnográfico da pesquisa foi na cidade de Santo Amaro.
Palavras-chave: Saúde, Benzedeira, Espiritualidade.
A QUESTÃO DO AUTOCONHECIMENTO NA FILOSOFIA DE ORUNMILÁ
Authors: Noguera Renato 
Published: January 2019

Partindo da ideia de Orfmilá, a filosofia é autoconhecimento, o propósito é a impressão de dois sentidos: ciência da cabeça e cartografia dos caminhos. O que podemos fazer é uma incursão em arranjos matemáticos sobre o Odu, analisando os elementos que constituem a cabeça e como encruzilhados dos caminhos. A base teórica está situada nos escritos de filósofas (os) nigerianas (os), principalmente Sophie Oluwole.
Palavras-chave: Orunmilá; filosofia; autoconhecimento; ori; caminhos.
A SEXUALIDADE NO CURRÍCULO AFRO-BRASILEIRO
Authors: Soares Emanoel Luís Roque , Vasconcelos José Gerardo 
Published: January 2019

A intenção deste texto é mostrar que por muito tempo, o negro vindo da África escravizado e os afrodescendentes nascidos no Brasil e no mundo foram adestrados para uma normatização que tentou a todo custo condicioná-los à cultura do colonizador (concilio de Trento 1546 a 1563), sem levar em consideração a sua própria cultura, postas a força, através do chicote e da repressão escravistas, amplamente apoiada com o auxílio moralista da igreja e, mais tarde, quando tem acesso a escola formal esta cultura vai ser imposta através de uma espécie de catequismo didático curricular que, sem dúvida, vai ser um dos vários desserviços a nossa tolerância, respeito e aceitação da diferença e que vem a gerar, até os dias atuais atos de características machista, sexista e preconceituosa, promovendo até doenças Foucault (2006). Desta maneira, nossa problemática é como adequar o currículo para nos livrarmos ou diminuirmos estas mazelas. Pra tal empreitada trilharemos o seguinte caminho: Primeiro explicar o paradigma da cientificidade e como ele não dá conta das ciências humanas Kuhn (2016), Figueiredo (1995) e nem dos currículos na pós-modernidade Doll Jr.(1997) Macedo (2000). Mostrar porque o corpo afrodescendente deve ser educado, a partir de um currículo onde apareça a sua cultura Macedo (2000), Geertz (2013), Laraia (2004) e a cultura do outro com o qual se convive uma vez, que a cultura é semiótica e apresenta-se e significa-se de diversas facetas e, ainda, aquele que a estuda (o etnólogo) a interpreta e descreve alisando as diversas intenções simbólicas contidas na mesma. Procurar propor um currículo que tenha como base a cultura afrodescendente apoiada na mitologia ancestral dos orixás Prandi (2001), Verger (1997) e em textos de letras de músicas da MPB que versam sobre sexualidade.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: sexualidade, currículo, cultura, afrodescendente.
ENTREVISTA SOBRE PEDAGOGIA QUEER E EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: González Aldo Ocampo 
Published: January 2019

A compreensão epistemológica da Educação Inclusiva expressa um funcionamento diaspórico, isto é, as formas de construção do seu conhecimento, operam através de uma dispersão do conhecimento, distribuída por uma multiplicidade de geografias epistêmicas, entre elas, Feminismo, Teoria Queer, Estudos Postcolonial, entre outros. Neste caso, as contribuições do Feminismo e dos Estudos Queer, tornam-se instâncias chave do conhecimento para promover a proposta de uma nova racionalidade - cada vez mais ampla em suas propostas e sistemas de raciocínio - para justificar a relevância da inclusão para além da produção de ficções baseadas na inclusão no mesmo - dentro da Ciência da Educação no século XXI. Retornando à idéia de Educação Inclusiva como "categoria de análise" e "dispositivo macroeducativo" (Ocampo, 2017), esta entrevista analisa as interseções políticas, epistêmicas e pedagógicas que a Pedagogia Queer compartilha com a Educação Inclusiva; reconhecendo o primeiro como uma das suas principais memórias epistêmicas de transformação. Nessa ocasião, o Dr. Nilson Dinis, acadêmico do Departamento de Educação e Não-Programa de Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de São Carlos, nos dá reflexões interessantes sobre a configuração de um campo que, embora exprima uma longa história em epistemologias subalternas, é conhecida e entendida a partir de uma posição de afastamento e periferia na educação e no treinamento de professores. O Dr. Dinis também aprofunda a compreensão do trans, sua agência e repercussões políticas nas gramáticas educacionais. Ao mesmo tempo, dá idéias-chave para abordar o currículo, as lógicas operacionais das instituições educacionais e a co-gestão das identidades sexuais no contexto educacional. Indubitavelmente, suas contribuições contribuem para posicionar um tópico que as políticas públicas e educacionais no campo da produção de Educação Inclusiva, é subalternizado, gerando novas estratégias de apartheid do conhecimento ou em termos de Spivak (1998) ou Foucault (1970) , a violência epistêmica, se tornam os chamados "vazios da diversidade", que são apenas declarações que atraem a noção de diferença para o centro do capitalismo, sem abordá-lo, deixando-o em uma situação permanente de desvalorização social e indefesa. Em suma, a entrevista espelha uma crescente complexidade, convidando-nos a superar as simplicidades pedagógicas a este respeito.
Palavras-chave: pedagogia queer, educação inclusiva, multiplicidade de diferenças, ação e resistência política.
GEOARKEOLOGI CEKUNGAN SOA, FLORES, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Intan Fadhlan S 
Published: January 2019

Soa Basin, which belongs to Ngada Regency and Nagekeo Regency, is located on Flores Island, with many cultural stays, among others, from the Paleolithic period, which has not been too concerned by environmental researchers, especially geoarkeology. This is the issue that covers general geological conditions. The purpose of this research is to mapping the surface geology in general as an effort to present geological information related to archeological site. The aim is to know the geomorphological, stratigraphic aspects of the archaeological sites. The research method is done through literature review, survey, field data analysis and interpretation. Environmental observations provide information on the landscape of the study area consisting of terrestrial morphology units, and weak wavy morphology units. The river is centripetal flow pattern, with the old river, mature-old river, periodic/permanent river, and episodik /intermittent river. Constituent rocks are volcanic breccias, tuffs, conglomerates, and alluvial deposits. The geological structure is a fracture of the normal fault type. Exploration in the Soa Basin has listed 12 paleolithic sites. From the classification of petrology, litik tools made of jasper, chert, andesite, and basalt rocks. Rock as a raw material litik, found in Soa Basin and surrounding areas, both in the form of outcrops and boulder.