bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of photoluminescence properties of water-soluble ZnSe quantum dots
Authors: Lee Yong-Shin , Taniguchi Taichi , Kim DaeGwi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We have investigated the optical properties of ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) prepared by a hydrothermal method. The photoluminescence (PL)-decay profiles become slower with an increase in temperature up to 160 K, contrary to an ordinary behaviour due to thermal quenching. The temperature dependence of the PL-decay profile is explained by a three-state model consisting of a ground state and two excited states of the lower-lying bound-exciton and higher-lying dark-exciton states. The analysis of the temperature dependence of the decay time indicates that the dark-exciton state contributes to the PL-decay process in the ZnSe QDs.
Switching of radiation pressure acting on microparticles by using T-type photochromic reactions
Authors: Tanaka K , Setoura K , Ito S , Miyasaka H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Manipulation of small particles can be achieved by using the radiation pressure of a laser beam. The strength and direction of the radiation pressure depends on the dielectric constant of target materials. It can therefore be expected to induce mechanical motions of small materials in optical trap by changing their optical property by chemical reactions. Along this line, we recently demonstrated switching of radiation pressure acting on single optically trapped microparticles by using photochromic molecules (Refs. 3, 4). To explore more flexible mesoscopic motions synchronizing photochemical reactions, we have investigated in the present study the micromechanical motion of optically trapped particles containing a T-type photochromic molecule, naphthopyran (NP), with multiple thermal back-reaction rates. The single microparticle with NP was optically trapped with CW 532-nm laser and the photochromic reaction was induced by UV irradiation, resulting in the modification of the optomechanical responses of the particle under laser trapping.
Plasmonic optical trapping of pyrene-pendant polymer chains by controlling thermophoretic force
Authors: Ushiro Kenta , Shoji Tatsuya , Tsuboi Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Plasmonic optical tweezers (POT) has a high potential for manipulation of nanomaterials due to an enhanced optical force. However, unfavorable thermal effects induced by plasmon excitation have frequently hindered the manipulation. For this issue, we have recently developed a novel non-plasmonic optical tweezers using a nanostructured silicon substrate (B-Si). We called it “Nano-Structured Semi-Conductor-Assisted Optical Tweezers (NASSCA-OT)”. In the present study, we trapped pyrene-pendant polymer chains homogeneously dissolved in water for POT or NASSCA-OT. We used plasmonic gold nanopyramidal dimer arrays or B-Si in contact with the aqueous polymer solution. During plasmon excitation with a near-infrared laser light, any sign of optical trapping was never detected in fluorescence micro-spectroscopy. By contrast, trapping of the polymer chains was obviously observed for NASSCA-OT. Upon laser irradiation, pyrene excimer fluorescence was dramatically increased at the focal spot. These results indicate that NASSCA-OT is a powerful tool for manipulation of molecular materials.
Transient grating spectroscopy of β-carotene pumped with spectrally chirped pulses
Authors: Ooi Shintaro , Mitoma Sigehito , Nango Mamoru , Amao Yutaka , Sugisaki Mitsuru 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Nonlinear optical responses of β-carotene were investigated upon excitation using chirped pulses. We especially focus on spectrally resolved transient grating (TG) signals to discuss the influence of the spectral chirp over a wide spectral range. A significant change in the TG signal was observed when negatively chirped pulses were used. The experimental results were qualitatively reproduced by employing the Brownian oscillator model. The relationship between the wave packet motion in the excited state and spectral chirp is discussed. It is concluded that the third order nonlinear optical response reflects the competition between the spectral chirp and the energy separation of the potential curves.
Raman scattering mediated by Majorana fermions in Kitaev nanoribbons
Authors: Suzuki Kosuke , Yamamoto Shoji 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We study magnetic Raman, i.e. inelastic light, scattering of Kitaev’s quantum spin liquids realizable in honeycomb nanoribbons. Elementary excitations in the Kitaev spin liquids consist of itinerant Majorana (matter) fermions and localized gauge fluxes (visons). Matter fermions are characterized by the projective point (gauged rotation) group inherent in the lattice. Inelastic light scattering is mediated by a pair of matter fermions without any vison excitation. We can selectively “observe” matter fermions of the same symmetry and those of different symmetries depending on the polarization of incoming and/or outgoing lights. A pair of matter fermions with particular translational quantum numbers ±k cannot be Raman active.
Synthesis and characterization of quantum dot chains: Self-assembly of mercaptopropionic-acid-capped quantum dots conjugated with short single-stranded DNA
Authors: Oda M , Sasano K , Nishi A , Zako T , Tani T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the synthesis and characterization of quantum dot (QD) chains. We used small QD-DNA conjugates, i.e., short-ligand-capped QDs conjugated with short (15-mers) single-stranded DNA, as the building blocks. The small conjugates were separated based on the valence of the DNA, i.e., the amount of DNA per particle, using agarose gel electrophoresis. The conjugates formed self-assemblies composed of closely spaced (inter-particle spacing of 0.6–2 nm) QDs. We report the results of our investigation of the electrophoresis and hybridization of the conjugation.
Charge carrier migration and hole extraction from MAPbI3
Authors: Budzinauskas Kęstutis , Ewertowski Simon , Olthof Selina , Meerholz Klaus , Van Loosdrecht Paul H.M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Linear as well as time resolved absorption measurements were performed on 40 nm and 170 nm thick MAPbL films with PEDOT:PSS hole extraction layer, spin-coated on quartz substrate. From linear absorption measurements exciton binding energy of 18 – 19 meV and band gap of 1.60 - 1.62 eV was deduced. Transient absorption spectra after the excitation at 1.77 eV showed a strong difference in carrier recombination dynamics for the two MAPbI3 films of different thicknesses. From the analysis on the decay dynamics, hole population lifetime of 0.3 ns and 3.5 ns for 40 nm and 170 nm films, respectively, are determined. A numerical 1D diffusion model was used to model the carrier relaxation dynamics yielding hole diffusion constants of 0.025 - 0.030 cm2s−1, which results in a hole mobility of 1 cm2(Vs)−1 in these MAPbI3 films.
Time-scale dependent Brownian motion of nanoparticles in clusters at a solid-liquid interface by laser trapping
Authors: Hanasaki Itsuo , Hosokawa Chie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Nanoparticles in a cluster trapped by laser-induced force field show Brownian motion at solid-liquid interfaces. The cluster formation means that the particles are highly concentrated. In general, the diffusion coefficients of particles in fluids decrease with substantially high concentration and also in the vicinity of solid walls due to the hydrodynamic effect. The particle trajectory data obtained from the experimental measurements show that the longer time span of observation leads to smaller diffusion coefficient due to the confinement effect. However, they also exhibit higher diffusion coefficient compared to the the bulk condition when evaluated at a sufficiently short time span of the frame interval under the condition of sufficiently high laser powers.
Electric-field induced magnetization in YIG observed by Faraday rotation
Authors: Fujimoto K , Hasunuma T , Kohmoto T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We studied the electric-field induced magnetization caused by the magnetoelectric effect in YIG. The magnetization was observed as the Faraday rotation of a transmitted continuous-wave probe light. From the observed dependence of the Faraday-rotation amplitude on the electric and magnetic fields, it was found that the two components linear and quadratic in the electric field coexist at low temperatures.
Collaborative intra-tumor heterogeneity detection
Authors: Khakabimamaghani Sahand , Malikic Salem , Tang Jeffrey , Ding Dujian , Morin Ryan , Chindelevitch Leonid , Ester Martin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Despite the remarkable advances in sequencing and computational techniques, noise in the data and complexity of the underlying biological mechanisms render deconvolution of the phylogenetic relationships between cancer mutations difficult. Besides that, the majority of the existing datasets consist of bulk sequencing data of single tumor sample of an individual. Accurate inference of the phylogenetic order of mutations is particularly challenging in these cases and the existing methods are faced with several theoretical limitations. To overcome these limitations, new methods are required for integrating and harnessing the full potential of the existing data.

Results
We introduce a method called Hintra for intra-tumor heterogeneity detection. Hintra integrates sequencing data for a cohort of tumors and infers tumor phylogeny for each individual based on the evolutionary information shared between different tumors. Through an iterative process, Hintra learns the repeating evolutionary patterns and uses this information for resolving the phylogenetic ambiguities of individual tumors. The results of synthetic experiments show an improved performance compared to two state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results with a recent Breast Cancer dataset are consistent with the existing knowledge and provide potentially interesting findings.

Availability and implementation
The source code for Hintra is available at https://github.com/sahandk/HINTRA.
Toxic Chemical Governance Failure in the United States: Key Lessons and Paths Forward
Authors: Chiapella Ariana M , Grabowski Zbigniew J , Rozance Mary Ann , Denton Ashlie D , Alattar Manar A , Granek Elise F 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOver 40 years of regulations in the United States have failed to protect human and environmental health. We contend that these failures result from the flawed governance over the continued production, use, and disposal of toxic chemicals. To address this failure, we need to identify the broader social, political, and technological processes producing, knowing, and regulating toxic chemicals, collectively referred to as toxic chemical governance. To do so, we create a conceptual framework covering five key domains of governance: knowledge production, policy design, monitoring and enforcement, evaluation, and adjudication. Within each domain, social actors of varying power negotiate what constitutes acceptable risk, creating longer-term path dependencies in how they are addressed (or not). Using existing literature and five case studies, we discuss four paths for improving governance: evolving paradigms of harm, addressing bias in the knowledge base, making governance more equitable, and overcoming path dependency.
Fecal Immunoglobulin A Against a Sporozoite Antigen at 12 Months Is Associated With Delayed Time to Subsequent Cryptosporidiosis in Urban Bangladesh: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Steiner Kevin L , Kabir Mamun , Priest Jeffrey W , Hossain Biplob , Gilchrist Carol A , Cook Heather , Ma Jennie Z , Korpe Poonum S , Ahmed Tahmeed , Faruque A S G , Haque Rashidul , Petri William A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this prospective cohort study of Bangladeshi children, greater fecal immunoglobulin A, but not plasma immunoglobulin G, directed against the Cryptosporidium sporozoite-expressed antigen Cp23 at 12 months of age was associated with delayed time to subsequent cryptosporidiosis. This finding suggests a protective role for mucosal antibody-mediated immunity in naturally exposed children.
Natural Course of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With and Without Combination Antiretroviral Therapy–associated Lipodystrophy: A 16-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Lallukka-Brück Susanna , Isokuortti Elina , Luukkonen Panu K , Hakkarainen Antti , Lundbom Nina , Sutinen Jussi , Yki-Järvinen Hannele 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAbnormal glucose metabolism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV+ patients), but longitudinal data are lacking. We determined the natural course of NAFLD (liver fat [LFAT]) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in HIV+ patients with and without lipodystrophy (LD+ and LD–, respectively) during a 16-year longitudinal study.MethodsLFAT (by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and clinical characteristics were measured in 41 HIV+ patients at baseline and after 16 years. Liver fibrosis was estimated by measuring liver stiffness using transient elastography (TE) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) at 16 years. We also longitudinally studied 28 healthy subjects.ResultsDuring follow-up, the HIV+ patients gained more body fat (8.6% ± 0.7%) than the control patients (4.5% ± 0.6%, P &lt; .001). Features of insulin resistance increased significantly in the HIV+ patients but not the control patients. A significant proportion (20%, P &lt; .01 vs 0% at baseline) of the HIV+ but none of the control patients developed T2DM. LFAT was significantly higher at baseline in the LD+ (4.3 [1.9–11.8]) than the LD– (1.0 [0.5–1.5]; P &lt; .001) HIV+ patients. LFAT remained stable during follow-up in all groups. At follow-up, liver stiffness measured with TE was similar among all HIV, LD+, LD–, and control patients and between the LD+ and LD– patients measured with MRE. Advanced fibrosis by MRE was observed in 3 of LD+ and none of LD– patients.ConclusionsDuring 16 years of follow-up, progression of NAFLD is rare compared to development of T2DM in HIV+ patients.
Improving Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Uptake: A Cluster-randomized Trial of Symptom-based Versus Tuberculin Skin Test–based Screening of Household Tuberculosis Contacts Less Than 5 Years of Age
Authors: Salazar-Austin Nicole , Cohn Silvia , Barnes Grace Link , Tladi Molefi , Motlhaoleng Katlego , Swanepoel Catharina , Motala Zarina , Variava Ebrahim , Martinson Neil , Chaisson Richard E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) is highly effective at preventing tuberculosis disease in household child contacts (&lt;5 years), but is poorly implemented worldwide. In 2006, the World Health Organization recommended symptom-based screening as a replacement for tuberculin skin testing (TST) to simplify contact evaluation and improve implementation. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of this recommendation.

Methods
We conducted a pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial to determine whether contact evaluation using symptom screening improved the proportion of identified child contacts who initiated TPT, compared to TST-based screening, in Matlosana, South Africa. We randomized 16 clinics to either symptom-based or TST-based contact evaluations. Outcome data were abstracted from customized child contact management files.

Results
Contact tracing identified 550 and 467 child contacts in the symptom and TST arms, respectively (0.39 vs 0.32 per case, respectively; P = .27). There was no significant difference by arm in the adjusted proportion of identified child contacts who were screened (52% in symptom arm vs 60% in TST arm; P = .39). The adjusted proportion of identified child contacts who initiated TPT or tuberculosis treatment was 51.5% in the symptom clinics and 57.1% in the TST clinics (difference −5.6%, 95% confidence interval −23.7 to 12.6; P = .52). Based on the district’s historic average of 0.7 child contacts per index case, 14% and 15% of child contacts completed 6 months of TPT in the symptom and TST arms, respectively (P = .89).

Conclusions
Symptom-based screening did not improve the proportion of identified child contacts evaluated or initiated on TPT, compared to TST-based screening. Further research is needed to identify bottlenecks and evaluate interventions to ensure all child contacts receive TPT.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03074799.
Prevalence of Scabies and Impetigo 3 Years After Mass Drug Administration With Ivermectin and Azithromycin
Authors: Marks Michael , Romani Lucia , Sokana Oliver , Neko Lazarus , Harrington Relmah , Nasi Titus , Wand Handan , Whitfeld Margot J , Engelman Daniel , Solomon Anthony W , Kaldor John M , Steer Andrew C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Ivermectin-based mass drug administration has emerged as a promising strategy for the control of scabies and impetigo in settings where the diseases are endemic. Current follow-up data are limited to 12 months for the majority of studies. Longer-term data are vital to inform the sustainability of interventions.

Methods
We conducted a prevalence survey for scabies and impetigo in 10 villages in Choiseul Province of the Solomon Islands 36 months after a single round of ivermectin and azithromycin mass drug coadministration. In the primary analysis, we compared the prevalence of scabies and impetigo at 36 months to the prevalence at baseline.

Results
At 36 months, the prevalence of scabies was 4.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6–6.1), which was significantly lower than at baseline (18.7%; relative reduction, 74.9%; 95% CI, 61.5%–87.7%; P &lt; .001). The prevalence of impetigo was 9.6% (95% CI, 8.1%–11.4%), significantly lower than at baseline (24.7%; relative reduction, 61.3%; 95% CI, 38.7%–100%; P &lt; .001). The highest prevalence of scabies was among children aged &lt;5 years (12.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 33.2; 95% CI, 6.6–603.2), and the highest prevalence of impetigo was among children aged 5–9 years (16.4%; adjusted odds ratio, 8.1; 95% CI, 3.6–21.8).

Conclusions
There was a sustained impact of a single round of ivermectin and azithromycin mass drug coadministration on the prevalence of scabies and impetigo 3 years after the intervention. Our data provide further support to adopt this intervention as a central component of global scabies control efforts.

Clinical Trials Registration
Australian and New Zealand Trials Registry (ACTRN12615001199505).
Complexities in cardiovascular rhythmicity: perspectives on circadian normality, ageing and disease
Authors: Monfredi Oliver , Lakatta Edward G 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Biological rhythms exist in organisms at all levels of complexity, in most organs and at myriad time scales. Our own biological rhythms are driven by energy emitted by the sun, interacting via our retinas with brain stem centres, which then send out complex messages designed to synchronize the behaviour of peripheral non-light sensing organs, to ensure optimal physiological responsiveness and performance of the organism based on the time of day. Peripheral organs themselves have autonomous rhythmic behaviours that can act independently from central nervous system control but is entrainable. Dysregulation of biological rhythms either through environment or disease has far-reaching consequences on health that we are only now beginning to appreciate. In this review, we focus on cardiovascular rhythms in health, with ageing and under disease conditions.
Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries as compared with myocardial infarction and obstructive coronary disease: outcomes in a Medicare population
Authors: Dreyer Rachel P , Tavella Rosanna , Curtis Jeptha P , Wang Yongfei , Pauspathy Sivabaskari , Messenger John , Rumsfeld John S , Maddox Thomas M , Krumholz Harlan M , Spertus John A , Beltrame John F 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
The prognosis of patients with MINOCA (myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries) is poorly understood. We examined major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as all-cause mortality, re-hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF), or stroke 12-months post-AMI in patients with MINOCA versus AMI patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (MICAD).

Methods and results
Multicentre, observational cohort study of patients with AMI (≥65 years) from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry (July 2009–December 2013) who underwent coronary angiography with linkage to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) claims data. Patients were classified as MICAD or MINOCA by the presence or absence of an epicardial vessel with ≥50% stenosis. The primary endpoint was MACE at 12 months, and secondary endpoints included the components of MACE over 12 months. Among 286 780 AMI admissions (276 522 unique patients), 16 849 (5.9%) had MINOCA. The 12-month rates of MACE (18.7% vs. 27.6%), mortality (12.3% vs. 16.7%), and re-hospitalization for AMI (1.3% vs. 6.1%) and HF (5.9% vs. 9.3%) were significantly lower for MINOCA vs. MICAD patients (P &lt; 0.001), but was similar between MINOCA and MICAD patients for re-hospitalization for stroke (1.6% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.128). Following risk-adjustment, MINOCA patients had a 43% lower risk of MACE over 12 months (hazard ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.59), in comparison to MICAD patients. This pattern was similar for adjusted risks of the MACE components.

Conclusion
This study confirms an unfavourable prognosis in elderly patients with MINOCA undergoing coronary angiography, with one in five patients with MINOCA suffering a major adverse event over 12 months.
Combining LiDAR data and airborne imagery of very high resolution to improve aboveground biomass estimates in tropical dry forests
Authors: Reyes-Palomeque Gabriela , Dupuy Juan Manuel , Johnson Kristofer D , Castillo-Santiago Miguel Angel , Hernández-Stefanoni J Luis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKnowledge of the spatial distribution of aboveground biomass (AGB) is crucial to guide forest conservation and management to maintain carbon stocks. LiDAR has been highly successful for this purpose, but has limited availability. Very-high resolution (&lt;1 m) orthophotos can also be used to estimate AGB because they allow a fine distinction of forest canopy grain. We evaluated the separate and joint performance of orthophotos and LiDAR data to estimate AGB in two types of tropical dry forests in the Yucatan Peninsula. Woody plants were surveyed in twenty 0.1 ha plots in a semideciduous forest at Kaxil Kiuic Biocultural Reserve (RBKK) and 28 plots in a semievergreen forest at Felipe Carrillo Puerto (FCP). We fitted three regression models: one based on LiDAR data, another based on orthophoto variables calculated for forest canopy and canopy opening fractions, and a third model that combined both sets of variables. Variation in AGB was decomposed into LiDAR, orthophotos and joint components using variation-partitioning analyses. In FCP, regression models using LiDAR data only showed higher fit (R2 = 0.82) than orthophoto variables only (R2 = 0.70). In contrast, orthophotos had a slightly higher fit (R2 = 0.91) than LiDAR (R2 = 0.88) in RBKK, because orthophoto variables characterize very well the horizontal structure of canopies on this site. The model that combined both data sets showed a better fit (R2 = 0.85) only in FCP, which has a more complex forest structure. The largest percentage of AGB variation (88 per cent in RBKK and 67 per cent in FCP) was explained by the joint contribution of LiDAR and orthophotos. We conclude that both LiDAR and orthophotos provide accurate estimation of AGB, but their relative performance varies with forest type and structural complexity. Combining the two sets of variables can further improve the accuracy of AGB estimation, particularly in forests with complex vegetation structure.