bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Comparison Between Endovascular Coiling vs Neurosurgical Clipping for Ruptured and Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in Austria
Authors: Gryn Kateryna , Schaffhauser-Linzatti Michaela-Maria , Sherif Camillo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured intracranial aneurysm poses a significant health hazard due to its high rates of mortality and disability. The 2 most commonly used treatment modalities of intracranial aneurysms are neurosurgical clipping and endovascular coiling. Through the decision on which treatment option should be chosen in every case is made based on medical indication, nevertheless, due to high socioeconomic burden of subarachnoid hemorrhage, it is also important to compare the healthcare expenditures, caused by clipping and coiling.

METHODS
A comparison of treatment costs of clipping, coiling and stent-assisted coiling (SAC) of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms in Austria was performed. We considered costs of surgery, diagnostic imaging, postoperative in-hospital care, treatment of the complications and initial rehabilitation. Cost-related data was provided by Vienna General Hospital. The length of hospital stay, complications and mortality rates were obtained from previous studies. Based on this information, a decision tree was built.

RESULTS
Surgery costs of coiling were significantly higher compared to clipping (13.303 98 Euro for Coiling and 24.847 63 Euro for SAC vs 6.835 23 Euro for Clipping). The main cost-driving factors were implants costs. However, clipping caused higher costs of in-hospital stay and initial rehabilitation. Altogether, when considering all in-hospital costs and the cost of rehabilitation treatment, the difference in costs of aneurysm clipping vs coiling was less pronounced.

CONCLUSION
This study is the first attempt to calculate the costs of aneurysm treatment in Austria. However, the economic comparison is partially based on estimations.
Time-Critical Transfers for Paediatric Neurosurgical Emergencies Operated on Out-of-Hours at a Tertiary Neurosurgical Centre: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Rae Shivani , Hall Samuel , Sparrow Owen , Mathad Nijaguna , Waters Ryan , Chakraborty Aabir 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Recommendations suggest operating within 4 hr of acute brain injury. Centralization of paediatric neurosurgical and intensive care facilities therefore necessitates prompt assessment and transfer.

METHODS
A retrospective audit of out-of-hours operations at a tertiary neurosurgical center over 2013 to 2016 identified 36 patients (mean age 8 yr (SD = 5); male n = 21) from consultant records and case notes. Initial GCS, transfer timings and 3-mo Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) were recorded.

RESULTS
A total of 36 emergency surgeries were performed: hematoma evacuation (n = 17), CSF diversion (n = 16), posterior fossa tumor debulking (n = 1), depressed skull fracture elevation (n = 1) and decompressive craniectomy (n = 1). Median GCS at presentation was 8.5 (range: 3-15). Twenty operations began within 4 hr of CT. Twenty-nine patients presented to district general hospitals, underwent imaging before transfer; their mean CT to arrival time was 197.8 (SD = 70.7) min and CT to operation time was 271.7 (SD = 123.1) min. Three-mo outcomes were: GOS 5 (n = 24), 4 (n = 5), 3 (n = 2) and 1 (n = 5); these were dichotomized into favorable (GOS 4–5) or unfavorable (GOS 1–3). Fisher's exact tests found no significant association between outcome favorability and timing of operation (whether within 4 hr of CT) (P = .43), or operation type (hematoma evacuation vs CSF diversion) (P = .22). Initial GCS did not significantly correlate with GOS (rs = 0.30, P = .10).

CONCLUSION
The majority of outcomes were favorable regardless of whether surgery occurred within 4 hr of CT. This suggests underlying pathology may have a greater impact on poor outcomes than the transfer time, highlighting the importance of early scanning and neurosurgical referral to facilitate prompt decision-making.
Freehand Insertion of External Ventricular Drainage Catheter–Evaluation of Accuracy in a Single Centre
Authors: Lee Keng Siang , Yeo Tseng Tsai , Chou Ning , Lwin Prof Sein , Teo Kejia , Nga Vincent , Bolem Nagarjun , Leong May Lian , Goh Chun Peng , Hassan Rashidul , Salek Maa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
External ventricular drain (EVD) placement is the gold standard for managing acute hydrocephalus. Freehand EVD, using surface anatomical landmarks is performed for ventricular cannulation due to its simplicity and efficiency. This study evaluates accuracy and reason(s) for misplacements as few studies have analyzed the accuracy of freehand EVD insertion.

METHODS
Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans of patients who underwent EVD insertion in 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis, Evan's ratio, midline shift, position of burr hole, length of the catheter and procedural complications were tabulated. The procedures were classified as satisfactory (catheter tip in the frontal horn ipsilateral lateral ventricle) and unsatisfactory. Unsatisfactory cases were further analyzed in relation to position of burr hole from midline and length of the catheter.

RESULTS
A total of 77 EVD placements in 70 patients were evaluated. Mean age of the patients was 57.5 yr. About 83.1% were satisfactory placements and 11.7% were unsatisfactory in the contralateral ventricle, corpus callosum and interhemispheric fissure. About 5.2% were in extra ventricular locations. About 2.6% EVD placements were complicated by hemorrhage and 1 catheter was reinserted. Suboptimal placements were significantly associated with longer intracranial catheter length. The mean length was 66.54 ± 10.1 mm in unsatisfactory placements compared to 58.32 ± 4.85 mm in satisfactory placements. Between the 2 groups, no significant difference was observed in Evan's ratio, midline shift, surgeon's experience, distance of burr hole from midline and coronal suture.

CONCLUSION
Freehand EVD insertion is safe and accurate. In small number of cases, unsatisfactory placement is related to longer catheter length.
Transgenic rhesus monkeys carrying the human MCPH1 gene copies show human-like neoteny of brain development
Authors: Shi Lei , Luo Xin , Jiang Jin , Chen Yongchang , Liu Cirong , Hu Ting , Li Min , Lin Qiang , Li Yanjiao , Huang Jun , Wang Hong , Niu Yuyu , Shi Yundi , Styner Martin , Wang Jianhong , Lu Yi , Sun Xuejin , Yu Hualin , Ji Weizhi , Su Bing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Brain size and cognitive skills are the most dramatically changed traits in humans during evolution and yet the genetic mechanisms underlying these human-specific changes remain elusive. Here, we successfully generated 11 transgenic rhesus monkeys (8 first-generation and 3 second-generation) carrying human copies of MCPH1, an important gene for brain development and brain evolution. Brain-image and tissue-section analyses indicated an altered pattern of neural-cell differentiation, resulting in a delayed neuronal maturation and neural-fiber myelination of the transgenic monkeys, similar to the known evolutionary change of developmental delay (neoteny) in humans. Further brain-transcriptome and tissue-section analyses of major developmental stages showed a marked human-like expression delay of neuron differentiation and synaptic-signaling genes, providing a molecular explanation for the observed brain-developmental delay of the transgenic monkeys. More importantly, the transgenic monkeys exhibited better short-term memory and shorter reaction time compared with the wild-type controls in the delayed-matching-to-sample task. The presented data represent the first attempt to experimentally interrogate the genetic basis of human brain origin using a transgenic monkey model and it values the use of non-human primates in understanding unique human traits.
Factors Associated With Nonadherence to Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy Referral for the Treatment of Pelvic Pain in Women
Authors: Aguirre Frank , Heft Jessica , Yunker Amanda 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with pelvic pain due to pelvic floor myofascial pain syndrome are often referred for pelvic floor physical therapy, the primary treatment option. However, many patients do not adhere to the treatment.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the adherence rate and outcomes of patients referred for physical therapy for pelvic floor myofascial pain syndrome and identify risk factors associated with nonadherence.

Design
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Methods
ICD-9 codes were used to identify a cohort of patients with pelvic floor myofascial pain syndrome during a 2-year time period within a single provider's clinical practice. Medical records were abstracted to obtain information on referral to physical therapy, associated comorbidities and demographics, and clinical outcomes. “Primary outcomes” was defined as attendance of at least 1 visit. Secondary outcomes included attendance of at least 6 physical therapist visits and overall improvement in pain. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, Fisher exact, and independent t tests. Nonparametric comparisons were performed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Multivariate analysis was completed to adjust for confounders.

Results
Of the 205 patients, 140 (68%) attended at least 1 session with physical therapy. At least 6 visits were attended by 68 (33%) patients. Factors associated with poor adherence included parity and a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis. The odds of attending at least 1 visit were 0.75 (95% confidence interval = 0.62–0.90) and 0.44 (95% confidence interval = 0.21–0.90), respectively. Patients who attended ≥ 6 visits were more likely to have private insurance (78%) and travel shorter distances to a therapist (mean = 16 miles vs 22). Patients with an improvement in pain (compared with those who were unchanged) attended an average of 3 extra physical therapist visits (mean = 6.9 vs 3.1).

Limitations
Limitations include reliance on medical records for data integrity; a patient population derived from a single clinic, reducing the generalizability of the results; the age of the data (2010–2012); and the likely interrelatedness of many of the variables. It is possible that maternal parity and psychiatric diagnoses are partial surrogates for social, logistic, or economic constraints and patient confidence.

Conclusions
Initial adherence to pelvic floor physical therapy was less likely for multiparous women and women with a history of psychiatric diagnosis. Persistent adherence was more likely with private insurance or if the physical therapist location was closer. Pain improvement correlated with increased number of physical therapist sessions.
Effects of pen location on thermoregulation and growth performance in grow-finish pigs during late summer1
Authors: Kpodo Kouassi R , Duttlinger Alan W , Johnson Jay S 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The effects of pen location on swine thermoregulation and growth performance were determined over 6 weeks during late summer. A total of 128 mixed sex pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] were randomly assigned to 16 pens in two grow-finish barns (n = 8 pens/barn; 57.43 ± 1.33 kg initial body weight (BW)). Pen locations were determined based on orientation to ventilation fans and air inlets. Internal pens (IP; n = 4/barn) were in direct line of sight between the fans and air inlets while peripheral pens (PP; n = 4/barn) were located 0.70 ± 0.29 m to either side of a fan. Two sentinel gilts per pen were selected and vaginal temperature (TV) was measured in 10-min intervals using TV data loggers. Additionally, trunk skin temperature (TS) was measured with an infrared camera and respiration rate (RR) was measured by counting flank movements of the sentinel gilts twice daily (0800 and 1500 hours). Pen airspeed was measured twice daily (0800 and 1500 hours) at pig level with an anemometer. Individual pen ambient temperature (TA) and relative humidity (RH) were recorded daily in 10-min intervals. Feed consumption and BW were determined every 2 weeks. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4. Although airspeed was reduced overall (P = 0.01; 11%) in PP compared with IP, no differences (P &gt; 0.10) in TA (27.53 ± 1.73 °C) or RH (68.47 ± 5.92%) were detected. An overall increase (P ≤ 0.02) in TV (0.23 °C), minimum TV (0.18 °C), and maximum TV (0.29 °C) was detected in PP versus IP housed pigs. Similarly, from 0800 to 1900 hours and 2000 to 0700 hours, TV was greater overall (P ≤ 0.01; 0.22 and 0.25 °C, respectively) in PP compared with IP housed pigs. An overall decrease in TS (P = 0.04) was observed in PP (37.39 ± 0.14 °C) compared with IP (37.61 ± 0.14 °C) housed pigs. No RR differences (P &gt; 0.10; 76 ± 4 breaths per minute) were detected with any comparison. While no average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) differences were detected (P &gt; 0.10; 0.74 ± 0.03 kg/d and 2.26 ± 0.08 kg/d, respectively), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) was decreased (P = 0.02; 6%) in PP compared with IP housed pigs. In summary, pigs located in PP had greater body temperature and reduced G:F despite similarities in TA and RH between all pens.
Comparing quality of reporting between preprints and peer-reviewed articles in the biomedical literature
Authors: Carneiro Clarissa F. D. , Queiroz Victor G. S. , Moulin Thiago C. , Carvalho Carlos A. M. , Haas Clarissa B. , Rayêe Danielle , Henshall David E. , De-Souza Evandro A. , Amorim Felippe E. , Boos Flávia Z. , Guercio Gerson D. , Costa Igor R. , Hajdu Karina L. , van Egmond Lieve , Modrák Martin , Tan Pedro B. , Abdill Richard J. , Burgess Steven J. , Guerra Sylvia F. S. , Bortoluzzi Vanessa T. , Amaral Olavo B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreprint usage is growing rapidly in the life sciences; however, questions remain on the relative quality of preprints when compared to published articles. An objective dimension of quality that is readily measurable is completeness of reporting, as transparency can improve the reader’s ability to independently interpret data and reproduce findings.MethodsIn this observational study, we initially compared independent samples of articles published in bioRxiv and in PubMed-indexed journals in 2016 using a quality of reporting questionnaire. After that, we performed paired comparisons between preprints from bioRxiv to their own peer-reviewed versions in journals.ResultsPeer-reviewed articles had, on average, higher quality of reporting than preprints, although the difference was small, with absolute differences of 5.0% [95% CI 1.4, 8.6] and 4.7% [95% CI 2.4, 7.0] of reported items in the independent samples and paired sample comparison, respectively. There were larger differences favoring peer-reviewed articles in subjective ratings of how clearly titles and abstracts presented the main findings and how easy it was to locate relevant reporting information. Changes in reporting from preprints to peer-reviewed versions did not correlate with the impact factor of the publication venue or with the time lag from bioRxiv to journal publication.ConclusionsOur results suggest that, on average, publication in a peer-reviewed journal is associated with improvement in quality of reporting. They also show that quality of reporting in preprints in the life sciences is within a similar range as that of peer-reviewed articles, albeit slightly lower on average, supporting the idea that preprints should be considered valid scientific contributions.
N-chlorination mediates protective and immunomodulatory effects of oxidized human plasma proteins
Authors: Ulfig Agnes , Schulz Anton V. , Müller Alexandra , Lupilov Natalie , Leichert Lars I. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTHypochlorous acid (HOCl), a powerful antimicrobial oxidant, is produced by neutrophils to fight infections. Here we show thatN-chlorination, induced by HOCl concentrations encountered at sites of inflammation, converts blood plasma proteins into chaperone-like holdases that protect other proteins from aggregation. This chaperone-like conversion was reversible by antioxidants and was abrogated by prior methylation of basic amino acids. Furthermore, reversibleN-chlorination of basic amino acid side chains is the major factor that converts plasma proteins into efficient activators of immune cells. Finally, HOCl-modified serum albumin was found to act as a pro-survival molecule that protects neutrophils from cell death induced by highly immunogenic foreign antigens. We propose that activation and enhanced persistence of neutrophils mediated by HOCl-modified plasma proteins, resulting in the increased and prolonged generation of ROS, including HOCl, constitutes a potentially detrimental positive feedback loop that can only be attenuated through the reversible nature of the modification involved.
tbiExtractor: A framework for extracting traumatic brain injury common data elements from radiology reports
Authors: Mahan Margaret , Rafter Daniel , Casey Hannah , Engelking Marta , Abdallah Tessneem , Truwit Charles , Oswood Mark , Samadani Uzma 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe manual extraction of valuable data from electronic medical records is cumbersome, error-prone, and inconsistent. By automating extraction in conjunction with standardized terminology, the quality and consistency of data utilized for research and clinical purposes would be substantially improved. Here, we set out to develop and validate a framework to extract pertinent clinical conditions for traumatic brain injury (TBI) from computed tomography (CT) reports.Materials and MethodsWe developed tbiExtractor, which extends pyConTextNLP, a regular expression algorithm using negation detection and contextual features, to create a framework for extracting TBI common data elements from radiology reports. The algorithm inputs radiology reports and outputs a structured summary containing 27 clinical findings with their respective annotations. Development and validation of the algorithm was completed using two physician annotators as the gold standard.ResultstbiExtractor displayed high sensitivity (0.92-0.94) and specificity (0.99) when compared to the gold standard. The algorithm also demonstrated a high equivalence (94.6%) with the annotators. A majority of clinical findings (85%) had minimal errors (F1 Score ≥ 0.80). When compared to annotators, tbiExtractor extracted information in significantly less time (0.3 sec vs 1.7 min per report).Discussion and ConclusiontbiExtractor is a validated algorithm for extraction of TBI common data elements from radiology reports. This automation reduces the time spent to extract structured data and improves the consistency of data extracted. Lastly, tbiExtractor can be used to stratify subjects into groups based on visible damage by partitioning the annotations of the pertinent clinical conditions on a radiology report.
Integrin-dependent YAP signaling requires LAMTOR1 mediated delivery of Src to the plasma membrane
Authors: Block Marc R. , Brunner Molly , Ziegelmeyer Théo , Lallemand Dominique , Pezet Mylène , Chevalier Genevieve , Rondé Philippe , Wehrle-Haller Bernhard , Bouvard Daniel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractYAP signaling has emerged as an important signaling pathway involved in several normal and pathological processes. While main upstream effectors regulating its activity have been extensively studied, the interplay with other cellular processes has been far less analyzed. Here, we identified the LAMTOR complex as a new important regulator of YAP signaling. We uncovered that p18/LAMTOR1 is required for the recycling of Src on late endosomes to the cell periphery, and consequently to activate a signaling cascade that eventually controls YAP nuclear shuttling. Moreover, p18/LAMTOR1 positives late endosomes distribution is controlled by β1 integrins, extracellular matrix stiffness and cell contractility. This likely relies on the targeting of microtubules to β1 positive focal adhesion via ILK. Altogether our findings identify the late endosomal recycling pathway as a major regulator of YAP.
Cellular correlates of cortical thinning throughout the lifespan
Authors: Vidal-Pineiro D. , Parker N. , Shin J. , French L. , Grydeland H. , Jackowski AP. , Mowinckel AM. , Patel Y. , Pausova Z. , Salum G. , Sørensen Ø. , Walhovd KB , Paus T. , Fjell AM ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, for the Australian Imaging Biomarkers,   Lifestyle flagship study of ageing
Published: March 2019

AbstractCortical thinning occurs throughout the entire life and extends to late-life neurodegeneration, yet the neurobiological substrates are poorly understood. Here, we used a virtual-histology technique and gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas to compare the regional profiles of longitudinal cortical thinning through life (4004 MRIs) with those of gene expression for several neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. The results were replicated in three independent longitudinal datasets. We found that inter-regional profiles of cortical thinning related to expression profiles for marker genes of CA1 pyramidal cells, astrocytes and microglia during development and in aging. During the two stages of life, the relationships went in opposite directions: greater gene expression related to less thinning in development and vice versa in aging. The association between cortical thinning and cell-specific gene expression was also present in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. These findings suggest a role of astrocytes and microglia in promoting and supporting neuronal growth and dendritic structures through life that affects cortical thickness during development, aging, and neurodegeneration. Overall, the findings contribute to our understanding of the neurobiology underlying variations in MRI-derived estimates of cortical thinning through life and late-life disease.
Anchoring of actin to the plasma membrane enables tension production in the fission yeast cytokinetic ring
Authors: Wang Shuyuan , O’Shaughnessy Ben 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe cytokinetic ring generates tensile force that drives cell division, but how tension emerges from the relatively disordered ring organization remains unclear. Long ago a muscle-like sliding filament mechanism was proposed, but evidence for sarcomeric order is lacking. Here we present quantitative evidence that in fission yeast ring tension originates from barbed-end anchoring of actin filaments to the plasma membrane, providing resistance to myosin forces which enables filaments to develop tension. The role of anchoring was highlighted by experiments on isolated fission yeast rings, where sections of ring unanchored from the membrane and shortened ~30-fold faster than normal [Mishra M., et al. (2013)Nat Cell Biol15(7):853-859]. The dramatically elevated constriction rates are unexplained. Here we present a molecularly explicit simulation of constricting partially anchored rings as studied in these experiments. Simulations accurately reproduced the experimental constriction rates, and showed that following anchor release a segment becomes tensionless and shortens via a novel non-contractile reeling-in mechanism at about the load-free myosin-II velocity. The ends are reeled in by barbed-end-anchored actin filaments in adjacent segments. Other actin anchoring schemes failed to constrict rings. Our results quantitatively support a specific organization and anchoring scheme that generates tension in the cytokinetic ring.