bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unimpaired de novo Synthesis of 4-Aminobenzoate in a Mutant of Aerobacter aerogenes Requiring 4-Aminobenzoate for Growth; Structure of Compound A
Authors: Bacher A. , Gilch B. , Rappold H. , Lingens F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The mutant strain Aerobacter aerogenes 62-1 AC, pab-, accumulates a labile substance, desig­nated Compound A which supports the growth of other pab- mutants. Previous studies seemed to indicate that Compound A might be an intermediate in the conversion of chorismate to 4-amino-benzoate (Altendorf, Bacher, and Lingens, Z. Naturforsch. 24 b, 1602 [1969]). The present experi­ ments show that Compound A is 4 -(D-glucosylamino)-benzoic acid. This substance which is clearly not an intermediate in the biosynthesis of 4-aminobenzoate is formed by reaction of 4-aminobenzoate produced de novo by the mutant with exogenous glucose. Mutant 62-1 AC has the unimpaired capacity to synthesize 4-aminobenzoate as shown by direct enzyme studies. Mutant 62-1 AC re­ quires approximately 200 times more 4jaminobenzoate for growth than other pab" mutants of A. aerogenes with defective 4-aminobenzoate synthetase. The genetic defect of mutant 62-1 AC seems to be located in a metabolic system concerned with the utilization of 4-aminobenzoate rather than its synthesis.
Recovery of the Nucleic Acids of Tobacco Mosaic and Potato X Viruses from Polyacrylamide Gel and Evidence for a Single Infectious Component in Each of the Two Viruses
Authors: Sarkar Satyabrata 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
RNA, tobacco mosaic virus, potato X virus, gel-electrophoresis, infectivity A simple device is standardised for the elution of biologically active ribonucleic acid from polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis. The pieces of gel containing the nucleic acid to be re­ covered are held in position by two short cylinders of foam rubber in a glass tube and the nucleic acid is concentrated over a sucrose-containing buffer layer by electrophoresis in a standard electro­ phoretic equipment. Using this method nucleic acids can be recovered undamaged almost quanti­ tatively, as shown for microgram quantities of two viral RNAs by infectivity assay. The results offer additional experimental support to the single-component character of tobacco mosaic and potato X viruses.
Monoterpene Hydrocarbons from Ants
Authors: Hayashi N. , Komae H. , Hiyama H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pristomyrmex pungens Mayr, Pheidole nodus Smith, Lasius
(Dendrolasius) spathepus Wheeler, Crematogaster laboriosa Smith, monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, limonene)
Stepwise Protonation of PO4
3- , ADP and ATP Salts, IR Investigations
Authors: Hofmann Klaus P. , Zundel Georg 
Published: August 2018

IR spectra of aqueous solutions of PO4
3-, ADP3-, ATP4-, MgADP- and (MgADP- + PO4
3-) (in two cases hydrated layers) were plotted. The parameter for the investigation was the mole percent of protons relative to the anions. The other cations were sodium or potassium. The purpose of our work was to obtain a basis for understanding the results regarding the changes to the interactions in ATP systems on hydrolysis. The addition of protons to the different acceptors is discussed on the basis of the bands of the phosphate groups and of the base ring vibrations.
The formation of easily polarizable hydrogen bonds could be demonstrated with the aid of an IR continuum. Such OH+···O bonds between hydrogen phosphate ions as well as NH+,,-N bonds form in the systems investigated. Thus the conditions for forming such bonds and the resulting intermolecular interactions will become evident in this work.
Das allenische Carotinoid Deepoxineoxanthin/ The Allenic Carotenoid Deepoxineoxanthin
Authors: Nitsche Helfried 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Deepoxineoxanthin, the epoxide-free homologue of neoxanthin, is synthesised in the petals of Mimulus guttatus (Monkey flower). The pigment is esterified with various fatty acids. The free pigment has the structure of 6′,7′-didehydro-5′,6′-hydro-β,β^-carotene-3,3′,5′-triol. These structural conclusions were borne out by the formation of a diacetate (2-sec OH), a mono-silanate of the diacetate (1-tert OH) and a mono-ether of the diacetate and the free pigment (allylic tert OH). PMR, mass and IR spectra supported the proposed structure, which was confirmed by the trans­ formation of deepoxineoxanthin into diatoxanthin with acidified acetone (allene-acetylene trans­formation) and its oxidation to neoxanthin with monoperphthalic acid.
Cluster Orbital Theory Based on Mössbauer Effect Investigations of the (Iron)4-Sulfur Clusters of Clostridium pasteurianum Ferredoxin
Authors: Eicher Hermann , Parak Fritz , Bogner Ludwig , Gersonde Klaus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A cluster orbital theory is developed, which allows the calculation of Mössbauer spectra of oxidized and reduced ferredoxin of Clostridium pasteurianum under the conditions of low tempera­ ture (4.2 K) and high external magnetic field (Hex >̃ 1T) . The calculations are based on the symmetry properties of the problem and the way in which these symmetries are reflected in the (iron)4-sulfur cluster wave function. The assumed cubic Td symmetry of the cluster implies an isotropic interaction with the applied external magnetic field, where the average g-tensor is taken to be g -1.944 in accordance with ESR results. The magnetic hyperfine interaction of the cluster electrons with the magnetic dipole moments of the iron nuclei is defined by two parameters ϰ and ϱ reflecting trigonal point symmetry C3V of each iron site. These parameters are determined by a least squares fit of the experimental Mössbauer spectrum of reduced ferredoxin at 4.2 K and H ext = 2 T. In correspondence with the theory, ϰ and ϱ have been proved to be independent of H ext. Despite neglecting small deviations from Td and C3V point symmetry of the center of the cluster and the iron sites, respectively, theory and experiments are in reasonable good agreement.
Evidence of the Juvenile Hormone Methyl(2E,6E)-10,11-epoxy- 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6-dodecadienoate(JH-3) in Insects of Four Orders
Authors: Trautmann K. H. , Masner P. , Schuler A. , Suchý M. , Wipf H.-K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
With the help of radioactive dilution analysis allowing the qualitative and quantitative deter­mination of all three presently known juvenile hormones (JH-1 to 3) the following seven species of four orders were investigated in the adult stage: Coleoptera: Tenebrio molitor, Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Orthoptera: Schistocerca gregaria; Blattodea: Blatta orientalis, Leucophaea maderae, Nauphoeta cinerea; Hymenoptera: Apis mellifera.
In all these species of the 3 known juvenile hormones only m ethyl (2E ,6E)-10,11-epoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6-dodecadienoate (JH-3) was found, in an amount of 0.5 to 11 ng per gram of body weight. The results of the chemical analyses were confirmed biologically by the Galleria wax test.
The results demonstrate the wide spread occurrence of JH-3 in insects of different orders.
Conformation of Proflavine-Bound DNA Molecules
Authors: Dasgupta Santanu , Misra D. N. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Proflavine, DNA, Electron Microscopic Study The conformational changes suffered by full-length double-stranded DNA molecules from bac­ teriophage T7, due to their binding with the mutagenic dye proflavine (PF), has been studied by electron microscopy. The dye-bound DNA showed a smoother contour and a more compact con­ figuration in comparison with the dye-free native DNA. These changes resulted from the stretching, extension and charge-neutralization accompanying the incorporation of PF.
Stimulierung von Kulturen embryonaler Rattenzellen durch Kälberserum, VIII
Authors: Frank W , Ristow H.-J , Veser J 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Embryonic rat fibroblasts which have been stopped in G1 by incubation in serum-free medium can be triggered to proceed through their cell cycle by the serum proteins S1 and S2. To determine the specificity of these serum factors, a wide variety of compounds have been tested: Proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes, hormones, serum proteins, prostaglandins etc. Slight effects could be de­tected with α2-Macroglobulin-Schultze and Prostaglandin F2α in combination with insulin. Stimulation of the cells comparable to that obtained with S1 can be achieved by treating the cells for 10 min with low concentrations of trypsin followed by incubation in serum-free medium containing insulin. The effect of trypsin can be completely abolished by soybean trypsin inhibitor.
Polarographie Reduction of Adenine and Cytosine Residues in Denatured DNA
Authors: Brabec V , Paleček E 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Polarographie reduction of adenine and cytosine moieties in denatured DNA was followed by means of differential (derivative) pulse polarography. The measurements of the reduction currents yielded by samples of denatured DNA differing in guanine+cytosine (G + C) content showed that both cytosine and adenine residues were reduced in DNA in the pH range of 6.0 -8.7. The contribution of their reduction to the total reduction current of denatured DNA differs in the range pH 6.0 -8.7, however; the contribution of the current of adenine residues to the current of DNA decreases with increasing pH as compared with the contribution of cytosine residues. It was also shown that in the region of neutral pH reduction current of denatured DNA is independent of the G + C content in DNA.
Halogen-Substitution Effect on the Optical Absorption Bands of Uracil*
Authors: Lohmann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The ultraviolet absorption spectra of uracil and its 5-halogenated derivatives have been in ­ vestigated in regard to the electron attracting properties of the substituents. It could be shown that the position of the two absorption bands is proportional to the inverse of the electronegativity; the extinction coefficients are a linear function of the electron affinities. In this way, the red shift obtained upon substitution with halogens can be explained. Also, the decrease in absorbance of the absorption bands at λ > 250 nm, occuring concomitant­ ly, is understandable. The increase in absorbance with increasing electron affinity, as observed in the case of the absorption bands at λ < 250 nm, might question the assumption that this band is due to a higher pi -pi* excitation
Blocked Lipid Exchange in Bilayers and its Possible Influence on the Shape of Vesicles
Authors: Helfrich W 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The role of lipid exchange in the curvature elasticity of bilayers is studied theoretically. Blocking of exchange between the monolayers may give rise to a nonequilibrium lipid distribution going hand in hand with a spontaneous curvature. Some possible consequences for vesicular deformations are discussed. Lipid nonequilibrium is tentatively suggest as one possible cause for certain shape transformations of red blood cells
Structure of Chromatin DNA not Complexed with Protein
Authors: Richter K. Hartmut , Sekeris Constantin E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Rat liver chromatin was titrated by poly-ᴅ-lysine of mol.wt. 140,000. Approximately 32% of the phosphate groups of the chromatin were found to react with the polycation. By submitting the chromatin-poly-ᴅ-lysine complex to pronase and DNase I digestion and by further submitting the obtained DNA-lysine complex to hydroxy-apatite-chromatography, "free" DNA was isolated. The mean S-value of this DNA was found to be 10 ± 0 .8 , corresponding to approximately 2100 nucleo­ tide pairs, its renaturation kinetics similar to total DNA. On the basis of these results and on the findings that histone-saturated DNA-histone recombinates are digested with DNase I up to 65% a model of chromatin structure was proposed, taking into account protein covered-and free DNA regions
Komplexe von Desoxyribonucleinsäure mit Azoverbindungen und Diazinen, I DNA und 2-Amio-benzo[c]cinnolin / Azo Compound and Diazine Complexes of Desoxyribonucleic Acid, I DNA and 2-Amino-benzo[c]cinnoline
Authors: Rau Hermann , Schuster Gisela 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Complex formation of deoxyribonucleic acid and 2-amino-benzo [c] cinnoline is demonstrated by spectroscopic means. The small molecule though uncharged seems to intercalate between the base pairs of the deoxyribonucleic acid like the acridines. The complex constant, however, is smaller by about two orders of magnitude. The influence of salt concentration and temperature on the equilibrium is investigated. The involvement of charge-transfer contribution is suggested.
Determination of Superoxide Free Radical Ion and Hydrogen Peroxide as Products of Photosynthetic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Elstner Erich , Stoffer Claus , Heupel Adelheid 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Formation of Nitrite from Hydroxylamine in the presence of illuminated chloroplast lamellae is inhibited by superoxide dismutase but not by catalase, indicating that the superoxide free radical ion and not H2O2 is responsible for the oxidation of hydroxylamine. Decarboxylation of α-keto acids on the other hand is strongly inhibited by catalase but only slightly by superoxide dismutase. Light-dependent hydroxylamine oxidation and decarboxylation of α-keto acids can be used, therefor, as specific and sensitive probes for the determination of either the superoxide free radical ion or hydrogen peroxide, respectively.
Photosynthetic oxygen reduction in the presence of ferredoxin, (monitored by the above method) yields both H2O2 and O2
·-. The addition of an oxygen reducing factor (ORF, solubilized by heat - treatment of washed chloroplast lamellae) instead of ferredoxin, however, stimulates only the production of H2O2 , while O2
·-
- formation is not observed. The cooperation of ferredoxin and ORF during photosynthetic oxygen reduction by chloroplast lamellae apparently produces H2O2 not only by dismutation of O2
·-, but also by a separate mechanism involving ORF.
Ethylene Formation by Isolated Chloroplast Lamellae in the Dark
Authors: Elstner Erich , Konze Jörg 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ethylene Biosynthesis, Chloroplasts, Superoxide Free Radical Isolated chloroplast lamellae from spinach produce ethylene in the dark from methylmercapto-propanal (MMP) or from 2-keto-4-methyl-mercaptobutyrate (KMB) only in the presence of both NADPH and ferredoxin. Anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid can substitute for ferredoxin. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, ethanol and ascorbate are inhibitors of NADPH-dependent ethylene forma­ tion. Isolated NADP-ferredoxin reductase in the presence of NADPH, ferredoxin and an oxygen reducing factor (ORF, isolated by heat-treatment of chloroplast lamellae) catalyzes ethylene formation from the above substrates in the dark without chloroplast lamellae. From the results it is concluded that chloroplast lamellae in the dark can reduce oxygen monovalently at the expense of NADPH, with the production of the OH-radical as the reactive species responsible for ethylene formation from MMP of KMB.
Irrtümer beim Maschineschreiben und ihr Hinweis auf Systemeigenschaften zentraler Entscheidungsmechanismen / Errors in Type-writing and Their Indications for Special Characters of the Data Processing Controlling the Typing Process
Authors: Todt Dietmar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Twenty students having a comparable typing skill and speed (about 150 strokes per min) performed series of typewritings with contents well familiar to them. These writings were examined for errors (error = deviation from a given program of stroke sequences).
The errors could not be caused by ingnorance of writing or spelling of the words. Two categories of errors (“exchanges” = “Verwechslungen” and “omissions” = “Auslassungen”) were explained to result from special “faults” in the data processing controlling the typing process (Fig. 3). The occurrence of these types of errors dependend on interactions of the following factors:
1. Preferences of succession which (in general) related the first letter of an actual letter-combination with the second one (also) in contrary succession (i ⇄ e) or with other letters, not occurring in the combination (n → d ; n → g) (Tab. I ) .
2. Tendencies of the particular letters of an actual sequence of letters ( = word) to occur already before and/or after the right sequential position (sequential interval of this effect ≤ 4 strokes; temporat interval: about 1 sec; Figs 1, 2).
3. Correspondences in particular characteristics of special letters (vowel-vowel-exchange, etc.).
4. The notice to type as quickly as possible. Interactions of these factors resulted in erroneous “anticipations” and “postpositions” of letters.
Problems of Menotactic Orientation According to the Polarized Light of the Sky
Authors: Kirschfeld Kuno , Lindauer M. , Martin H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
It is shown that the knowledge of the E-vector direction of the linearly polarized light at any point of the sky alone is insufficient for the determination of the position of the sun. If the E-vector direction of a second point is not known the knowledge of at least one other parameter is necessary. This parameter might be the height of the sun over the horizon. With the knowledge of the height the infinite number of solutions for the sun’s position becomes reduced to two, or in special cases to one. These cases are derived.
Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Substratversorgung, der Zellkinetik und der Therapiemechanismen im Interkapillarraum der Krebsgewebe / Laws of Substrate Supply, of Cell Kinetics and of Therapy Mechanisms in the Intercapillary Region of Cancer Tissue
Authors: von Ardenne M. , von Ardenne A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Up to now, the microtopography of glucose and O2 concentration in the intercapillary region of tumour tissue has been determined under the simplifying assumption that substrate consumption is constant up to the periphery of the envisaged cylindrical space around a capillary. The general diffusion field equation presented in this paper takes into account that substrate consumption decreases in the unsaturated region of cancer cell glycolysis and respiration so that - compared to former computations - the critical supply radii needed for maintained proliferation increase by a factor of almost 1.8. With the aid of its general solution and the discussed parameters, the laws governing substrate supply, cell kinetics and therapy mechanisms in the intercapillary region of intact and treated tumour tissue are presented and discussed. The essential results there are as follows: - Even in case of hyperglycemia it is glucose supply (and not the O2 supply) which determines proliferation and proliferation rate. - Under the conditions of longtime-hyperglycemia (400 mg%), the tumour volume being accessible to the attack of cancerostatica or radiation, is almost three times as high as under standard conditions. - For glucose (and cancerostatica) the time constant for interactions between circulation and tumour tissue near the necrotic region is equal to or greater than 400 min. This is why stimulation of cancer cell glycolysis in the most therapy-resistant cancer cell portions (i. e., increased proliferation rate and tumour hyperacidifica­ tion) can only be achieved if hyperglycemia is maintained for 24 hours or more. - Therapeuti­ cally treated cancer tissue is characterized by the discussed changes in the diffusion field of glucose and O2 as well as a drop in the interaction time constant for glucose.
Influence of Spermine on Some Membrane-disturbing Actions
Authors: Eiferink J. G. R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The influence of spermine on the potassium loss from yeast cells as a consequence of membrane-disturbing actions was investigated. Spermine interfered strongly in the action of membrane-active bactericides on yeast cells; this interference resembles the action of certain metal ions. Spermine provides a protection against the positively charged pararosaniline and accomplishes a strong potentiation of the action of the negatively charged sodium dodecyl sulphate.
Juvenilhormonbindende Substanzen mit allosterischen Eigenschaften in den Ovarien von Tenebrio molitor L. / Juvenile Hormone Binding Substances with Allosteric Properties in the Ovaries of Tenebrio molitor L
Authors: Schmialek Peter , Geyer Astrid , Miosga Verena , Nündel Michael , Zapf Burger 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Some receptor proteins were isolated from the ovaries of Tenebrio molitor L. One had a molecular weight of 8 × 105 and an isoelectric point of 5.4. In the range of 1 ×
106 - 4 × 107 dalton JH-binding particles are existing with the same isoelectric point of 2.5. All proteins showed allosteric effects. Under the used conditions they are stable against heating and some enzymes, precipitable with 5% trichloro acetic acid and hydrolyzable with 1 ɴ HCl. The binding is specific and not displaceable with a great excess of substances with the same polarity.
Synthese einer Partialsequenz aus dem aktiven Zentrum der Streptokokken-Proteinase (EC 3.4.22.10), VIII / Synthesis of a Fragment of the Active Center of the Streptococcal Proteinase (EC 3.4.22.10), VIII
Authors: Raschig Andreas , Schaich Eugen , Schneider Friedhelm 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The synthesis of the protected tricosapeptide Z-Val-Lys (Z)-Pro-Gly-Glu (OBzl)-Gln-Ser-Phe-Val- Gly-Gln-Ala-Ala-Thr-Gly-His-Cys(MBzl)-Val-Ala-Thr-Ala-Thr-Ala-ONB is described. The tricosapeptide was built up from the decapeptide Z-Val-Lys (Z)-Pro-Gly-Glu (OBzl)-Gln-Ser-Phe-Val-Gly- ONp and the tridecapeptideester Gin-Ala-Ala-Thr-Gly-His-Cys (MBzl)-Val-Ala-Thr-Ala-Thr-Ala-ONB. A further nonadecapeptide with tert-butylmercapto protection of the SH group was also synthetized.
The Regulation of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase in Chloroplasts
Authors: Wildner Günter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Reduction Charge, Pentosephosphate Cycle, Chloroplasts Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from intact pea chloroplasts is partially membrane bound and inactivated upon illumination. The inhibitory effect of light can be abolished by addition of methylviologen. Kinetic experiments with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reveal that, in the dark, the enzyme activity is strongly inhibited by the accumulation of NADPH. The inhibition of NADPH can be reversed by the addition of excess NADP+ . The non-Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics suggest that the enzyme is stringently regulated by the ratio of NADPH to NADP+ plus NADPH, i. e., the “reduction charge”. These observations seem to indicate that in the light the inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is due to a high reduction charge, whereas in the dark the enzyme is controlled by the metabolic demand for reducing equivalents.