bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rib or Side, Right or Left and the Traits of Women: Midrashic Dilemmas about the Creation of Eve in Medieval Islamic Tradition and Literature
Authors: Lerner Amir 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The creation of Eve from Adam’s body is a theme that has been extensively discussed in scholarship, as part of research into ancient Jewish and Christian sources, within the framework of studies on Islam and Arabic, or in other contexts (see various references throughout this paper below). Here we would like to examine this subject from a slightly different perspective, in the hope of making a modest contribution concerning early non-Muslim reflections and ideas on this narrative which may have provided the background for the emergence of some Muslim traditions on the subject, some of which have as yet, in our opinion, not received the scholarly attention they deserve.
Historical Social Organisation on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Langelaar Reinier J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The groups known as tsho-ba in Tibetan are both historically and ethnographically significant for their central role in local social organisation across large stretches of the eastern Himalayan Plateau. Available scholarly descriptions, however, remain both terse and discrepant. To remedy this situation, this article presents a diachronic picture of these groups in the Reb-gong region of eastern Qinghai, People’s Republic of China. Its analysis highlights an important historical shift in the constitution of these units, which often seem to have arisen as individual hamlets yet shed their territorialised identities over time. These findings, as a comparative discussion illustrates, markedly benefit our cross-regional understanding of tsho-ba, which in turn yields an instructive etymology of the term tsho-ba itself. Lastly, the paper addresses the forwarded historical hypothesis that these groups are the remnants of an older but now defunct clan system—a notion it argues must be rejected.
Judeo-Georgian Language as an Identity Marker of Georgian Jews (The Jews Living in Georgia)
Authors: Lomtadze Tamari , Enoch Reuven 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Judeo-Georgian language has not yet been fully studied. Up to the end of the 20th century, only religion, traditions, and customs had been considered key identity markers of Georgian Jews. The first comprehensive scholarly works relating to Judeo-Georgian appeared at the turn of the century. This article builds on previous research on the speech varieties of Georgian Jews. The purpose of the present article is to demonstrate that alongside religion, customs, traditions, and culture, language was one of the main identity markers of the Jews in Georgia. The variety of Georgian spoken by the Jews differed from standard Georgian in prosodic (intonational), grammatical, and lexical features. The sociocultural and ethnolinguistic distinctiveness of their speech was reflected primarily in the use of Hebraisms.
Digital Modes of Exchange: Structural Relations of Commodity, Control, and Community
Authors: Roth Martin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this article, I perceive digital space as a space structured by different and, at the same time, related modes of exchange. Drawing on Karatani Kōjin’s model of ‘exchange’, I scrutinize capitalist exchange in digital space, data-based control on platforms, and the conditions of community in a filtered digital reality. The analysis indicates a shift in the structure of exchange in digital space. In Karatani’s analysis, capital, nation, and state form a strong alliance that maintains the present status quo. Although this holds true for digital space, the emphasis is much more on corporate and thus capitalist actors, which, in some cases, replace the state and interfere with the emergence of imagined communities. By relating the various actors and dimensions, I provide a heuristic model for the structure of digital space.
The Ethics of Animal Use: One Veterinarian’s Perspective
Authors: Edling Thomas M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Animals have been by our sides since the beginning and continue to be shaped and molded by human actions. We all started on a somewhat equal footing, but now we are not. Animals can still outperform people in every aspect of the physical world such as size, strength, speed, quickness, and eyesight. But, humans have surpassed all animals in the ability to use our thoughts, ideas and physical attributes to change the world. It is a fact that one of the major changes in the world is that humans now use animals in a variety of ways. Veterinarians are called upon to work with animals society has placed in our path and provide them with the best life possible. It is important work that must be done. We veterinarians are uniquely qualified, positioned and ethically bound to use our world changing abilities to bring animals back to the equal moral footing they deserve.
Thoughts on Using Animals for Food
Authors: Grandin Temple 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In 1978, the first GMO was insulin. By creating a new form of life, cattle and pig slaughter was no longer required to obtain lifesaving insulin. Maybe in the distant future, raising animals for food might become obsolete. This may occur when genetic engineering methods for creating totally novel animals and plants becomes reality. Then the ethical questions would become much greater than raising livestock. Animal welfare issues on today’s farms can be corrected. Environmental issues should be addressed by integrating crops with livestock and better grazing management. The best soils in the U.S. were created by grazing bison. The animals are part of the land.
Animals, Ethics and Aesthetics
Authors: Lamb David 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Mainstream theories which argue for enhanced ethical status of animals with appeals to sentience or intelligence have depicted aesthetics in a negative sense. This paper supports a different outlook. We explore reasons why aesthetic appreciation of animals is portrayed as subjective and sentimental, concerned only with superficial and external features. Aesthetic qualities, as understood here, are not intended as criteria for admission to a moral community or as a guide for veterinary professionals when prioritizing therapy. The case for measuring the extent of an animal’s beauty or attractiveness in order to establish its entitlement to moral status or rights is a non-starter. Nevertheless, aesthetic traditions, we argue, play a significant role in our moral response to animals and objectives to protect them. As a corrective to misunderstandings regarding the status of aesthetics in deliberation about moral obligations to animals a case for the integration of ethics and aesthetics is developed.
The Variability of the Dimensions of the Merus of the Fifth Pereiopod in the Amphipod Gammarus Duebeni Liljeborg, 1852
Authors: Dennert Henk G. 
Published: May 2019

The variability of the morphological character on which the distinction between a brackish water and a freshwater subspecies of Gammarus duebeni is based, viz. the ratio merus width/merus length in the fifth walking leg, is studied.
Evidence is given, that the merus dimensions only very partially can be correlated with the distribution and the ecology of G. duebeni. No clear clinal variation can be found in the merus dimensions in Europe.
The subspecies G. d. celticus is found only in inland waters in Ireland and Brittany; the subspecies G. d. duebeni is found in western and northwestern Europe, and in Canada, in brackish water habitats and in some freshwater localities. Evidence is given, that G. d. duebeni has invaded the latter freshwater localities only recently.
Cercariae found in the Region South-East of Amsterdam
Authors: van den Broek Elisabeth , Bruggeman Ary C. 
Published: May 2019

Cercariae have been collected and studied from two sampling areas, situated at a distance of about 5 km of one another, South-East of Amsterdam.
Thirteen species are mentioned in this paper, seven of which are reported from the Netherlands for the first time. Two species are described in detail: an echinostome cercaria tentatively identified as Cercaria deficipinnata Khan, 1960, and a new xiphidiocercaria belonging to the group “armatae”, named Cercaria otiosa n. sp.
The cercarial fauna in the two sampling areas is compared, and possible causes of differences are briefly discussed.
Site Selection and Growth of the Larvae of Eylais Discreta Koenike, 1897 (Acari, Hydrachnellae)
Authors: Davids C. , Nielsen G.J. , Gehring P. 
Published: May 2019

The distribution of the larvae of Eylais discreta on the abdominal tergites of the host species Sigara striata, S. falleni and Cymatia coleoptrata is examined.
On S. striata and S. falleni the segments 3 and 4, on C. coleoptrata the segments 2 and 3 are successively preferred. There is but little influence of multiple infestations on this distribution.
The growth rate on the various tergites of S. striata is similar, while on C. coleoptrata a possible difference could not be proved statistically. The larvae of E. discreta generally hibernate on the host; during this phase there is little growth; not until March-April they start growing faster. The larvae on C. coleoptrataare retarded in growth compared to those on S. striata.
The larvae on S. falleni do not show any increase in size; this water bug species is immune to infestation by various Hydrachnellae.
An Electron Microscopical Examination of the Ageing Process of the Wing Muscles of the House Fly (Musca Domestica)
Authors: Diegenbach P.C. , Meijssen-de Ridder E. 
Published: May 2019

Morphometric analysis was carried out on wing muscles of the House Fly (Musca domestica), ranging from the pupation period to death. In the first week a clear increase was found in the percentage of food reserve consumed by the cell components. Both fibrils and sarcosomes increase in circumference during the first week. The sarcosomes then fuse.
After the first week few changes occur. The sarcosomal volume increases in male flies. No disintegration or degeneration of the muscle cells appears with old age. Even the fact that the wing of the male flies exhibits abrasion earlier than that of females cannot be correlated with changes in the wing muscles. The ratio of fibrils to sarcosomes is greater than two to one. This ratio differs in males and females.
A gradual decrease in the number of cristae per sarcosome was observed during ageing. This can influence the total activity of the sarcosome. The succinate dehydrogenase reaction is not dependent on age. The presence of two types of sarcosomes is unlikely. Sarcosomes with more cristae are of a darker colour than those with few cristae.
Sexual strategies in the newts Triturus Cristatus and Triturus Marmoratus
Authors: Zuiderwijk Annie 
Published: May 2019

Courtship display characteristics are described and compared for the newts Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus and patterns of male competitive behaviour are recognized. In interpreting the data, the operational sex ratio has to be taken into account, which was highly biased towards males in both species, more in T. marmoratus than in T. cristatus.
When sexual active, males of cristatus had more encounters than males of marmoratus, whereas the latter spent more time residing mating places. The male’s display towards a female differed in time structure, variability and in behaviour characteristics. T. marmoratus display follows a fixed pattern; males succeeded better in restraining a female than males cristatus did. Courting males cristatus allowed other males to intrude. Malemale encounters were longer and playful in T. cristatus, more violent in T. marmoratus. Comparison with data from the literature indicates that courtship of T. marmoratus has more features in common with that of T. vittatus than it has with the courtship of T. cristatus.
It is suggested that in the course of evolution T. marmoratus adopted a strategy of Sexual Defense by means of territoriality and overt fighting, whereas T. cristatus in contrast adopted a strategy of Sexual Interference by female mimicry. Male display components that played a major role during the adaptation of competitive strategy are identified as the “whip” behaviour in T. marmoratus and the “rocking” behaviour in T. cristatus.
Mitigation of Striping Noise in ATMS Calibration Counts by Symmetric Filters
Authors: Tian Xiaoxu , Zou Xiaolei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlobal observations from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite are affected by striping-patterned noise. An optimal symmetric filter method to mitigate the striping noise in warm counts, cold counts, warm load temperatures, and scene counts instead of antenna temperatures is developed and tested in this study. The optimal filters are developed based on the results free of striping noise obtained with a striping noise detecting method by combining the principal component analysis and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition. The two-point algorithm is then used to calculate antenna temperatures with warm counts, cold counts, warm load temperatures, and scene counts before and after applying the optimal filters. The necessity of applying the striping noise mitigation to the scene counts besides the calibration counts (warm and cold counts) is also shown. This explains why the traditional method to smooth only calibration counts has failed to remove the ATMS striping noise. The optimal filters proposed in this study, which remove the high-frequency striping noise without altering low-frequency weather signals, outperform the conventional boxcar filters adopted in the current operational ATMS calibration system.
A state of the art review on the prediction of building energy consumption using data-driven technique and evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Li Kangji , Xue Wenping , Tan Gang , Denzer Anthony S 
Published: May 2019

Energy consumption forecasting for buildings plays a significant role in building energy management, conservation and fault diagnosis. Owing to the ease of use and adaptability of optimal solution seeking, data-driven techniques have proved to be accurate and efficient tools in recent years. This study provides a comprehensive review on the existing data-driven approaches for building energy forecasting, such as regression models, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, fuzzy models, grey models, etc. On this basis, the paper puts emphasis to the discussion on evolutionary algorithms hybridized models that combine evolutionary algorithms with regular data-driven models to improve prediction accuracy and robustness. Various combinations of such hybrid models are classified and their characteristics are analyzed. Finally, a detailed discussion on the advantages and challenges of current predictive models is provided. Practical Application: Building energy consumption prediction is important for building energy management, efficiency and fault diagnosis. For existing buildings, multisourced, heterogeneous or inadequate data-driven models may lead to convergence problem or poor model accuracy. To this end, a state of art review on building energy forecasting technique is helpful for related professionals in the building industry.
The lived experiences of adults with a visual impairment who experience fatigue when performing daily activities
Authors: Bakker Kim , Steultjens Esther , Price Lee 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Little is known about fatigue experienced by adults with a visual impairment and the impact this can have on their daily activities. This study explored the lived experiences of adults with a visual impairment who experience fatigue when performing daily activities. The aim was to enhance occupational therapists’ knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon and to suggest future interventions for clients who have a visual impairment and fatigue. Method An interpretative phenomenological analysis was performed. Five adults with a visual impairment who experienced fatigue were recruited via purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, which were audiotaped and transcribed for analysis. Findings: Three superordinate themes emerged: causes, expressions and perceptions of fatigue; fatigue in daily life; and managing activities of daily living. The findings suggest that although fatigue challenges the performance of activities and roles, and thus occupational balance, the participants applied strategies to manage and adapt to fatigue, limiting its consequences. Conclusion The findings have implications for occupational therapists’ adoption of person-centred interventions. We can learn from the participants’ experiences to explore the individual needs of future clients to facilitate person-centred strategies that match the individual and their experience of fatigue, and to promote balance in performance of their daily activities.
The home environments and occupational engagement of people with intellectual disabilities in supported living
Authors: Ashley Danielle , Fossey Ellie , Bigby Christine 
Published: May 2019

Introduction Social inclusion for people with intellectual disabilities includes engagement in the occupations of daily life. Given the focus on people with intellectual disabilities living independently with support, identifying the qualities of their home environments is integral to understanding the possibilities for engagement in occupations of daily life and better quality of life outcomes. In turn, this can inform the types of person-centred supports, such as active support, necessary to enable increased engagement for people with intellectual disabilities. Method A case study methodology and mixed methods were utilised to develop an in-depth understanding of the home environments of six people with intellectual disabilities in supported living, and their experience of how these environments impacted their occupational engagement both at home and in their community. Semi-structured interviews and observation of participants’ home environments, using the Residential Environment Impact Survey – Short Form, were completed. Findings Participants valued the opportunity to be self-reliant and live in their own homes. They had adequate means to engage in basic daily activities; however, their homes lacked expression of their occupational identity, and they had minimal occupational opportunities and demands, resulting in limited occupational engagement. Conclusion For people with intellectual disabilities, it is important to increase opportunities for participation in valued occupations that foster social identities, and to provide adequate environmental supports and demands, to enable sustained occupational engagement and social inclusion.
A Chinese family with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 due to a novel missense mutation in ATP1A2
Authors: Tang Wenjing , Zhang Meichen , Qiu Enchao , Kong Shanshan , Li Yingji , Liu Huanxian , Dong Zhao , Yu Shengyuan 
Published: May 2019

Background ATP1A2 has been identified as the genetic cause of familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. Over 80 ATP1A2 mutations have been reported, but no data from Chinese family studies has been included. Here, we report the first familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 Chinese family with a novel missense mutation. Methods Clinical manifestations in the family were recorded. Blood samples from patients and the unaffected members were collected for whole-exome sequencing to identify the pathogenic mutation. Seven online softwares (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, PANTHER, MutationTaster2, MutationAssessor and PMut) were used for predicting the pathogenic potential of the mutation. PredictProtein, Jpred 4 and PyMOL were used to analyze structural changes of the protein. The mutation function was further tested by Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results All patients in the family had typical hemiplegic migraine attacks. Co-segregation of the mutation with the migraine phenotype in four generations, with 10 patients, was completed. The identified novel mutation, G762S in ATP1A2, exhibited the disease-causing feature by all the predictive softwares. The mutation impaired the local structure of the protein and decreased cell viability. Conclusion G762S in ATP1A2 is a novel pathogenic mutation identified in a Chinese family with familial hemiplegic migraine, which causes loss of function by changing the protein structure of the Na+/K+-ATPase α2 subunit.
Distribution and characteristics of in-patient child and adolescent mental health services in England and Wales
Authors: O'Herlihy Anne , Worrall Adrian , Lelliott Paul , Jaffa Tony , Hill Peter , Banerjee Sube 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundLittle is known about the current state of provision of child and adolescent mental health service in-patient units in the UK.AimsTo describe the full number, distribution and key characteristics of child and adolescent psychiatric in-patient units in England and Wales.MethodFollowing identification of units, data were collected by a postal general survey with telephone follow-up.ResultsEighty units were identified; these provided 900 beds, of which 244 (27%) were managed by the independent sector. Units are unevenly distributed, with a concentration of beds in London and the south-east of England. The independent sector, which manages a high proportion of specialist services and eating disorder units in particular, accentuates this uneven distribution. Nearly two-thirds of units reported that they would not accept emergency admissions.ConclusionsA national approach is needed to the planning and commissioning of this specialist service.
Treating psychological symptoms in sexually abused children
Authors: Ramchandani Paul , Jones David P. H. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe experience of having been sexually abused is associated with a wide range of psychiatric symptoms and difficulties, and these problems can persist over years. The psychological treatment of children who have experienced sexual abuse has only recently begun to be systematically investigated. An increasing number of robust studies have been conducted.AimsTo review systematically the available evidence from randomised controlled trials of psychological treatments for children who have been sexually abused, and to consider the place of these treatments in a multi-disciplinary service.MethodA systematic search of the available research was undertaken. Included trials were critically appraised and the results considered.ResultsTwelve studies were included in the review. The best evidence of efficacy for improving psychological symptoms in these children was found for cognitive–behavioural therapy, particularly for young children.ConclusionsEfficacious treatments exist to improve psychological symptoms in children who have experienced sexual abuse. Consideration is given to the place of these treatments within the response of a multi-disciplinary service.