bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sophistical refutations in the climate change debates
Authors: Goodwin Jean 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A case study of a short televised debate between a climate scientist and an advocate for climate skepticism
provides the basis for developing a contemporary conception of sophistry. The sophist has a high degree of argumentative content
knowledge – knowledge of a domain selected and structured in ways that are most germane for its use in making arguments. The
sophist also makes the deliberate choice to argue for a disreputable view, one that goes against the views of the majority, or of
the experts. Sophistry, drawing as it does on argumentative skill, is difficult to manage. The best approach is likely to refuse
debate; but if debate is unavoidable, then the sophist must be met with equal skill. It will be hard to develop such skill,
however, as long as the sophist’s view is thought to be disreputable.
Framing fracking
Authors: Musi Elena , Aakhus Mark 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article offers a first large scale analysis of argumentative polylogues in the fracking controversy. It
provides an empirical methodology (macroscope) that identifies, from large quantities of text data through semantic frame
analysis, the many players, positions and places presumed relevant to argumentation in a controversy. It goes beyond the usual
study of framing in communication research because it considers that a controversy’s communicative context is shaped, and in turn
conditions, the making and defending of standpoints. To achieve these novels aims, theoretical insights from frame semantics,
knowledge driven argument mining, and argumentative polylogues are combined. The macroscope is implemented using the
Semafor parser to retrieve all the semantic frames present in a large corpus about fracking and then
observing the distribution of those frames that semantically presuppose argumentative features of polylogue (meta-argumentative
indicators). The prominent indicators are Taking_sides (indicator of “having an argument”),
Evidence and Reasoning (indicators of “making an argument”). The automatic retrieval of the
words associated with the core elements of the semantic frame enables the mapping of how different players, positions, and
discussion venues are assembled around what is treated as disagreeable in the controversy. This knowledge driven approach to
argument mining reveals prototypical traits of polylogues related to environmental issues. Moreover, it addresses a problem in
conventional frame analysis common in environmental communication that focuses on the way individual arguments are presented
without effective consideration of the argumentative relevance the semantics and pragmatics of certain frames operating across
discourses.
The 2015 Paris Climate Conference
Authors: Lewiński Marcin , Mohammed Dima 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe paper applies argumentative discourse analysis to a corpus of official statements made by key players (USA, EU, China, India, etc.) at the opening of the 2015 Paris Climate Conference. The chief goal is to reveal the underlying structure of practical arguments and values legitimising the global climate change policy-making. The paper investigates which of the elements of practical arguments were common and which were contested by various players. One important conclusion is that a complex, multilateral deal such as the 2015 Paris Agreement is based on afragile consensus. This consensus can be precisely described in terms of the key premises of practical arguments that various players share (mostly: description of current circumstances and future goals) and the premises they still discuss but prefer not to prioritise (value hierarchies or precise measures). It thus provides an insight into how a fragile consensus over goals may lead to a multilateral agreement through argumentative processes.
Global Well-posedness for the Logarithmically Energy-Supercritical Nonlinear Wave Equation with Partial Symmetry
Authors: Bulut Aynur , Dodson Benjamin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We establish global well-posedness and scattering results for the logarithmically energy-supercritical nonlinear wave equation, under the assumption that the initial data satisfies a partial symmetry condition. These results generalize and extend work of Tao in the radially symmetric setting. The techniques involved include weighted versions of Morawetz and Strichartz estimates, with weights adapted to the partial symmetry assumptions. In an appendix, we establish a corresponding quantitative result for the energy-critical problem.
Forum: Complex Systems and International Governance
Authors: Orsini Amandine , Le Prestre Philippe , Haas Peter M , Brosig Malte , Pattberg Philipp , Widerberg Oscar , Gomez-Mera Laura , Morin Jean-Frédéric , Harrison Neil E , Geyer Robert , Chandler David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis collection of essays brings together scholars from various disciplinary backgrounds, based on three continents, with different theoretical and methodological interests but all active on the topic of complex systems as applied to international relations. They investigate how complex systems have been and can be applied in practice and what differences it makes for the study of international affairs. Two important threads link all the contributions: (i) To which extent is this approach promising to understand global governance dynamics? (ii) How can this be implemented in practice?
p53 as a hub in cellular redox regulation and therapeutic target in cancer
Authors: Eriksson Sofi E , Ceder Sophia , Bykov Vladimir J N , Wiman Klas G 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene encodes a DNA-binding transcription factor that regulates multiple cellular processes including cell growth and cell death. The ability of p53 to bind to DNA and activate transcription is tightly regulated by post-translational modifications and is dependent on a reducing cellular environment. Some p53 transcriptional target genes are involved in regulation of the cellular redox homeostasis, e.g. TIGAR and GLS2. A large fraction of human tumors carry TP53 mutations, most commonly missense mutations that lead to single amino acid substitutions in the core domain. Mutant p53 proteins can acquire so called gain-of-function activities and influence the cellular redox balance in various ways, for instance by binding of the Nrf2 transcription factor, a major regulator of cellular redox state. The DNA-binding core domain of p53 has 10 cysteine residues, three of which participate in holding a zinc atom that is critical for p53 structure and function. Several novel compounds that refold and reactivate missense mutant p53 bind to specific p53 cysteine residues. These compounds can also react with other thiols and target components of the cellular redox system, such as glutathione. Dual targeting of mutant p53 and redox homeostasis may allow more efficient treatment of cancer.
Detection of methoxymethanol as a photochemistry product of condensed methanol
Authors: Schneider Hope , Caldwell-Overdier Anna , Coppieters ‘t Wallant Sophie , Dau Lan , Huang Jean , Nwolah Ifunanya , Kasule Muhammad , Buffo Christina , Mullikin Ella , Widdup Lily , Hay Aury , Bao Si Tong , Perea Jeniffer , Thompson Mayla , Tano-Menka Rhoda , Van Tuyl Mileva , Wang Amy , Bussey Sophia , Sachdev Nina , Zhang Christine , Boyer Michael C , Arumainayagam Christopher R 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
We report the identification of methoxymethanol (CH3OCH2OH) as a photochemistry product of condensed methanol (CH3OH) based on temperature-programmed desorption studies conducted following photon irradiation at energies below the ionization threshold (9.8 eV) of condensed methanol. The first detection of methoxymethanol in the interstellar medium was reported in 2017 based on data from Bands 6 and 7 from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The cosmic synthesis of ‘complex’ organic molecules such as methyl formate (HCOOCH3), dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH), and glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO) has been attributed to UV photolysis of condensed methanol found in interstellar ices. Experiments conducted in 1995 demonstrated that electron-induced radiolysis of methanol cosmic ice analogues yields methoxymethanol. In three recent publications (2016, 2017, and 2018), methoxymethanol was considered as a potential tracer for reactions induced by secondary electrons resulting from the interaction of cosmic rays with interstellar ices. However, the results presented in this study suggest that methoxymethanol can be formed from both radiation chemistry and photochemistry of condensed methanol.
Role of intracluster supernovae in radio mini-haloes in galaxy clusters
Authors: Omar A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A possibility of generating a population of cosmic ray particles accelerated in supernovae type Ia (SNIa) remnants in the intracluster medium (ICM) is discussed. The presently constrained host-less SNIa rates in the clusters are found to be sufficient to fill a few hundred kpc region with cosmic ray electrons within their typical synchrotron lifetime of 100 Myr. The SNIa have already been considered potential sources of excess Fe abundance in cool-core clusters, distributed heating and turbulence in ICM. A good fraction of total radio power from mini-haloes can be sourced from the SNIa energy deposited in the ICM with required energy conversion efficiency ≤1 per cent. The radio power estimated from low Mach-number shock acceleration in SNIa remnants is consistent with the observations within the uncertainties in the estimates. Some observational properties of the radio mini-haloes are broadly consistent with the SNIa scenario. It is also speculated that radio powers and possibly detections of mini-haloes are linked to star formation and merger histories of the clusters.
High Prevalence of Viral Infections Among Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients in Equatorial Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Toh Teck-Hock , Hii King-Ching , Fieldhouse Jane K , Ting Jakie , Berita Antoinette , Nguyen Tham Thi , Wong See-Chang , Wong Toh-Mee , Lim Wei-Honn , Ha Siaw-Jing , Lau Chuet-Zou , Kong Sing-Ling , Bailey Emily S , Warkentien Tyler E , Husain Tupur S , Gray Gregory C 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Although pneumonia is a known cause of morbidity and mortality in Sarawak, Malaysia, the etiology and epidemiology of pneumonia are not well described in this equatorial region. Routine clinical diagnostics for pneumonia etiology at government hospitals in Sarawak had historically involved only bacterial diagnostics. Viral diagnostics were only obtained through outside consultations.

Methods
From June 15, 2017 to May 14, 2018, we collected nasopharyngeal swabs from 600 patients of all ages older than 1 month hospitalized with pneumonia at Sibu and Kapit Hospitals. Specimens were examined at our collaborating institutions with a panel of molecular assays for viral pathogens including influenza A (IAV), IBV, ICV, and IDV, human adenovirus (AdV), human enterovirus (EV), human coronavirus (CoV), respiratory syncytial virus subtype A (RSV-A) or RSV-B, and parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1–4.

Results
Of 599 samples examined, 288 (48%) had molecular evidence of 1 or more respiratory viruses. Overall, the most prevalent virus detected was RSV-A (14.2%) followed by AdV (10.4%) and IAV (10.4%), then RSV-B (6.2%), EV (4.2%), IBV (2.2%), PIV-3 (1.7%), CoV (1.0%), PIV-1 (1.0%), PIV-4 (0.7%), and PIV-2 (0.2%). No specimens were confirmed positive for ICV or IDV.

Conclusions
The high prevalence of viruses detected in this study suggest that respiratory viruses may be responsible for considerable morbidity in equatorial regions such as Sarawak. Access to viral diagnostics are very necessary for medical staff to determine appropriate pneumonia treatments.
Middle Fossa Approach With Anterior Petrosectomy for Resection of a Meningioma Mimicking a Trigeminal Schwannoma, a Step-by-Step Surgical and Anatomical Description: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Peris-Celda Maria , Carlstrom Lucas P , Perry Avital , Graffeo Christopher S , Driscoll Colin L , Link Michael J 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Selected upper cerebellopontine angle (CPA)/petroclival region lesions can be visualized and resected through a middle fossa approach with anterior petrosectomy. This approach is particularly well suited for tumors that extend from the CPA into Meckel's cave or the middle cranial fossa. We present the case of a 55-yr-old man who presented with sudden left-sided hearing loss, with complete recovery after medical treatment. MRI demonstrated a left 1.8 cm contrast-enhancing upper CPA lesion with extension into Meckel's cave most consistent with a trigeminal schwannoma. The patient initially opted for observation. MRI 11 mo later showed notable enlargement in the tumor, and the patient started to experience left-sided neuralgic face pain. The decision was made to perform surgery. Documented and verified informed consent was obtained A step-by-step surgical video with surgical anatomy images highlights the 5 steps followed by the authors to perform an anterior petrosectomy. The dura mater was opened parallel to the superior petrosal sinus both in the infratentorial and supratentorial spaces in order to clip and coagulate the superior petrosal sinus and divide the tentorium. The lesion was fully visualized and the trigeminal nerve was clearly identified displaced inferiorly but not splayed by the tumor, making the diagnosis of trigeminal schwannoma unlikely. The lesion was debulked and dissected off the brainstem as well as the trigeminal nerve with the final view of intact nerve fascicles entering the posterior aspect of Meckel's cave. Pathology returned as a WHO grade 1 meningioma. The patient recovered well with only mild facial hypesthesia and complete tumor resection on follow-up imaging.
Bank Capital, Borrower Power, and Loan Rates
Authors: Santos João A C , Winton Andrew 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We examine how bank capital and borrower bargaining power affect loan spreads. Consistent with previous studies, higher bank capital has a negative impact on loan rates, but borrower cash flow has a significant effect on this impact: compared with high-capital banks, low-capital banks charge more for borrowers with low cash flow, but offer greater marginal discounts as these borrowers’ cash flow rises. These effects are largely focused on more bank-dependent borrowers. We find some evidence that low-capital banks charge a higher premium for bank-dependent borrowers’ systematic risk, but not for their total equity risk or default risk.
Received January 27, 2015; editorial decision July 7, 2018 by Editor Philip Strahan. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Blockholder Heterogeneity, Multiple Blocks, and the Dance between Blockholders
Authors: J Hadlock Charles , Schwartz-Ziv Miriam 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We study blockholder presence in a large panel and document substantial heterogeneity in holding periods, position sizes, and positions taken across blockholder types. Nonfinancial blocks are more likely to be observed in smaller, riskier, younger, and less-liquid firms. These patterns are either not evident or reversed for financial blocks. For all but small financial blocks, we detect significant negative interdependence in blockholder investment decisions, with the presence of one blockholder crowding out others, a behavior that appears causal. Small financial blocks often coexist in the same firm, an outcome that appears to reflect correlated investment styles.
Received April 30, 2018; editorial decision November 23, 2018 by Editor David Denis.
Medical Malpractice in Pediatric Orthopaedics: A Systematic Review of US Case Law
Authors: Galey Scott A. , Margalit Adam , Ain Michael C. , Brooks Jaysson T. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Compared with other orthopaedic subspecialties, pediatric orthopaedic surgeons are thought to be at greater risk for malpractice claims; however, there is scant research on this topic. The purpose of our study was to characterize publicly available malpractice cases pertaining to pediatric orthopaedics to determine the (1) most common specialties of the physicians implicated, (2) most common diagnoses involved, (3) rate of verdicts in favor of the plaintiff, (4) amount of indemnity payments resulting from all verdicts versus verdicts in which only an orthopaedic surgeon was involved, and (5) outcomes of cases that were appealed.

Methods:
The Westlaw legal database was queried for jury verdicts, settlements, and appellate cases using the search terms “pediatric” AND “orthopaedic” from December 31, 1984, to January 1, 2016, yielding 176 appellate court cases and 189 jury reports/settlements. After excluding duplicate cases and those involving patients aged 21 years or older, 36 appellate and 84 jury reports/settlement cases remained for analysis.

Results:
Lawsuits against orthopaedic surgeons and pediatricians were most common, in cases involving fracture diagnosis and misdiagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip, respectively. Of the 84 cases, 43 rulings favored the plaintiffs. The median (interquartile range) indemnity payment was $900,000 ($1.9 million), and for cases in which only the orthopaedic surgeon was named as the defendant, the median (interquartile range) indemnity payment was $675,000 ($827,000). Of the 34 appellate cases, 16 cases initially ruled in favor of the defendant were upheld and 13 were reversed/remanded. Five cases initially ruled in favor of the plaintiff were upheld, and none was reversed/remanded.

Conclusions:
Malpractice lawsuits named orthopaedic surgeons and pediatricians more often than physicians in other specialties. Orthopaedic surgeons were sued most often for management of fractures and pediatricians for mismanagement of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Nearly 51% of malpractice cases were ruled in favor of the plaintiff, with high indemnity payments. However, when cases that were ruled in favor of the physician were appealed, most verdicts were upheld.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Treatment of Facial Telangiectases With Glycerin Sclerotherapy
Authors: McGregor Sean , Miceli Alyssa , Krishnamurthy Karthik 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
Sclerotherapy is used to treat varicosities and telangiectases. Glycerin is a sclerosing agent that has been used off-label for years with a favorable adverse effect profile. However, the treatment of facial telangiectases with sclerotherapy is controversial given the potential for necrosis and embolization in relation to the complex vascular anatomy of the face.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the safety and efficacy of glycerin sclerotherapy for the treatment of facial telangiectases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors report a series of 8 patients with facial telangiectases treated with glycerin sclerotherapy. Glycerin mixed with lidocaine and epinephrine was used. The telangiectases were measured and identified as targets for treatment.

RESULTS
The patients ranged in age from 45 to 88 years. Between 0.5 and 1 mL was used to treat telangiectases of the nose and malar cheek area per session. Five of the patients achieved satisfactory results after 1 treatment, whereas patients with more extensive telangiectases required up to 3 sessions with 4-week intervals between each session. Injection site pain was the only reported adverse effect, and no evidence of necrosis or blindness was observed.

CONCLUSION
Glycerin sclerotherapy seems to be a safe and effective modality for the treatment of facial telangiectases.
Indoor and outdoor road traffic noise and incident diabetes mellitus: Results from a longitudinal German cohort study
Authors: Ohlwein Simone , Hennig Frauke , Lucht Sarah , Matthiessen Clara , Pundt Noreen , Moebus Susanne , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Hoffmann Barbara 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Road traffic noise affects a large number of people in urbanized areas. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that environmental noise exposure may not only be associated with cardiovascular but also with cardio-metabolic outcomes. This prospective cohort study investigated the effect of outdoor and indoor residential road traffic noise on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:
We used data from 3,396 participants of age 45–75 years of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study being non-diabetic at baseline (2000–2003). T2DM was defined via blood glucose level, incident intake of an anti-diabetic drug during follow-up or self-reported physician diagnosis at follow-up examination (2005–2008). Weighted 24-h (Lden) and night-time (Lnight) mean road traffic noise was assessed according to the European Union directive 2002/49/EC. Road traffic noise exposure indoors was modeled taking into account the participants’ room orientation, ventilation behavior and window insulation (n = 2,697). We applied Poisson regression analyses to estimate relative risks (RRs) of incident T2DM, adjusting for demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and air pollution exposure (NO2 or PM2.5).

Results:
A 10-dB(A) increase in outdoor road traffic noise (Lden) was associated with an RR of 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.96–1.24) for T2DM in the fully adjusted model. Models including PM2.5 or NO2 yielded RRs of 1.09 (0.96–1.24) and 1.11 (0.97–1.27), respectively. In analyses with road traffic noise (Lden) exposure indoors, we observed similar RRs with smaller confidence intervals (1.11 [1.01–1.21]).

Conclusions:
Our analyses suggest that long-term exposure to indoor and outdoor road traffic noise may increase the risk of developing T2DM, independent of air pollution exposure.
Evaluation of early wound leakage as a risk factor for prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Kremers Keetie , Leijtens Borg , Camps Simone , Tostmann Alma , Koëter Sander , Voss Andreas 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication resulting from total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). In this study, patients with a PJI are compared with patients with an uncomplicated postoperative course to identify relevant risk factors for PJI.

Methods:
A matched case–control study was performed with patients undergoing fast-track, elective unilateral TKA or THA. The following data were collected: demographics, surgery-related characteristics (perioperative blood loss, use of cement, body temperature), and postoperative characteristics (hematoma formation, wound leakage, blood transfusion, length of stay [LOS]).

Conclusions:
When the PJI group was compared with the control group, there was significantly more wound leakage during hospital stay (88% vs. 36%, p = .001) and early wound dressing changes in the first 3 days after surgery (88% vs. 40%, p = .002). Hematoma formation was observed more in the PJI patients group (44% vs. 10%, p = .005). A trend test revealed a significant association between the total number of wound dressing changes and development of PJI (p < .001); 72% of PJI patients had a length of stay of ≥4 days compared with 34% of controls (odds ratio 10.5; 95% CI [2.1–52.3]; p = .004).

Implications for practice:
Early postoperative wound drainage and hematoma formation directly correlate with PJI. This resulted in a significantly higher number of dressing changes and longer LOS. The nurse practitioner has a central role in postoperative care and is the first to recognize signs of an adverse postoperative clinical course.