bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited gene exchange between two sister species of leaf beetles within a hybrid zone in the Alps
Authors: Kastally Chedly , Trasoletti Marta , Mardulyn Patrick 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnalysing genomic variation within and between sister species is a first step towards understanding species boundaries. We focused on two sister species of cold‐resistant leaf beetles, Gonioctena quinquepunctata and G. intermedia, whose ranges overlap in the Alps. A previous study of DNA sequence variation had revealed multiple instances of mitochondrial genome introgression in this region, suggesting recent hybridization between the two species. To evaluate the extent of gene exchange resulting from these hybridization events, we sampled individuals of both species inside and outside the hybrid zone and analysed genomic variation among them using RAD‐seq markers. Individual levels of introgression in the nuclear genome were estimated first by defining species‐specific SNPs (displaying a fixed difference between species) a priori and second by using model‐based methods. Both types of analyses indicated little gene exchange, if any, between species at the level of the nuclear genome. Whereas the first method suggested slightly more gene flow, we argue that it has likely overestimated introgression in the phylogeographic context of this study. We conclude that strong intrinsic barriers prevent genetic exchange at the level of the nuclear genome between the two species. The apparent discrepancy observed between introgression occurring in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes could be explained by selection acting in favour of the latter. Also, these results have consequences for the phylogeographic study of each species, since we can assume that genetic diversity in the overlapping portion of their ranges is not the product of introgression.
Practitioners' positive attitudes promote shared decision‐making in mental health care
Authors: Drivenes Karin , Haaland Vegard Øksendal , Mesel Terje , Tanum Lars 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRationale and aimsThere is a growing expectation of implementing shared decision making (SDM) in today's health care service, including mental health care. Traditional understanding of SDM may be too narrow to capture the complexity of treatments of mental health problems. Although the patients' contribution to SDM is well described, the contribution from the health care practitioners is less explored. Therefore, our aim was to explore the attitudes of practitioners in mental health care and the associations between practitioners' attitudes and SDM.MethodWe performed a cross‐sectional study where practitioners reported their sharing and caring attitudes on the Patient‐Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) and age, gender, profession, and clinical working site. The patients reported SDM using the CollaboRate tool. We used a mixed effect model linking the data from each practitioner to one or more patients. We presented the findings and used them as background for a more philosophic reflection.ResultsWe included 312 practitioners with mean age 46.1 years. Of the practitioners, 60 held a medical doctors degree, 97 were psychologists, and 127 held a college degree in nursing, social science, or pedagogy. Female practitioners reported higher sharing (4.79 vs 4.67 [range 1‐6], P = .04) and caring scores (4.77 vs 4.65 [range 1‐6], P = .02) than males. The regression model contained 206 practitioners and 772 patients. We found a higher probability for the patient to report high SDM score if the practitioner reported higher sharing scores, and lower probability if the practitioner worked in ambulatory care.ConclusionsSDM in mental health care is complex and demands multifaceted preparations from practitioners as well as patients. The practitioners' attitudes are not sufficiently explored using one instrument. The positive association between practitioners' patient‐centred attitudes and SDM found in this study implies a relevance of the practitioners' attitudes for accomplishment of SDM processes in mental health care.
The Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection for postoperative scar prevention: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Wenhui , Li Guangxue 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundActive prevention and treatment of scars are particularly important. Several studies have used botulinum toxin type A(BTXA) to prevent postoperative scarring. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of BTXA in preventing and treating postoperative scars.MethodsA computer‐based search was conducted for the five databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang up to May 22, 2019, to collect the relevant literatures on BTXA treatment of postoperative hypertrophic scars. A meta‐analysis was made with the software of Revman 5.3 based on the study endpoint of scar width, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, and patient satisfaction as well.ResultsA total of 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies were included with 915 patients in all. The result showed that, compared with the control group, the scar width, VAS scores, and VSS scores of the BTXA group were significantly improved and higher patient satisfaction was achieved.ConclusionBTXA has a certain curative effect on postoperative scar prevention and treatment without obvious side effects.
Lesbian and bisexual women’s experiences of health care: “Do not say, ‘husband’, say, ‘spouse’”
Authors: Soinio Jenni Ija Ilona , Paavilainen Eija , Kylmä Jari Pekka Olavi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the experiences and wishes of lesbian and bisexual women concerning health care in Finland.BackgroundSexual orientation is a personal aspect of identity and also an important aspect of holistic health care. Lesbian and bisexual women have unmet health needs. The way that healthcare personnel encounter lesbian and bisexual women affects whether they disclose their sexual orientation.DesignQualitative inductive survey.MethodsThe research data for this study were collected in spring 2018 using an electronic survey (n = 22). The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The research report has been checked using COREQ checklist, see Appendix S1.ResultsThe research data were divided into two main domains: experiences and wishes. Women described health care as being heteronormative. They had both good and bad experiences, and their own poor experiences and those of others had a negative impact on their utilisation of healthcare services. Women had apprehensions about encountering stereotyping in health care and did not always disclose their orientation, even though recognising it would be integral to the provision of holistic health care. Lesbian and bisexual women wished that health care would refrain from heteronormativity, acknowledge issues that were important to them and engage with them without any prejudgement. They also wished healthcare environments would be improved to reflect an open acceptance of sexual minorities and also co‐operate with sexual minority organisations.ConclusionsWomen had conflicting experiences. Heteronormativity was seen as an obstacle for holistic health care. Women hoped health care would collaborate with the third sector.Relevance to clinical practiceSexual diversity should be acknowledged and better communicated to patients. Women hoped personnel would have the understanding to treat them in the same professional way as any other patients, but with expertise specific to their needs, for example in sexual health guidance.
Language attitudes as predictors of morphosyntactic variation: Evidence from Catalan speakers in southern France
Authors: Hawkey James 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article explores the potential role of attitudes as motivating factors in language variation and change. This study represents an important departure from existing scholarship through its consideration of quantitative measures of language attitudes as factors in multivariate analyses of linguistic data. Four morphosyntactic variables in Northern Catalan (an obsolescent variety spoken in France) will be examined in order to determine which factors significantly correlate with use of local or supralocal variants. Linear regression modelling reveals firm correlations for two of the variables, wherein positive evaluations of Catalan varieties on the status dimension (cf. Carranza & Ryan, 1975; Woolard, 1989, inter alia) align with supralocal variant use. We will see that attitudes can be helpful in uncovering motivations for language variation, but that qualitative ideological data are indispensable in the interpretation of findings.
The health impact of delaying direct‐acting antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C: A decision‐analytic approach
Authors: Erman Aysegul , Wong William W. L. , Feld Jordan J. , Grootendorst Paul , Krahn Murray D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsDirect‐acting antivirals (DAAs) are highly effective, but expensive treatments for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). To manage costs, drug plans worldwide have rationed access to DAAs in a variety of ways. This study quantifies the health impact of formulary restrictions and presents a clinical decision tool for informing treatment timing decisions.MethodsA decision‐analytic model was developed to quantify the health impact of delaying DAAs for subpopulations stratified by age, fibrosis level, viral genotype, and injection drug use over their lifetime. The health impact was quantified in terms of quality‐adjusted life expectancy (quality‐adjusted life years, or QALYs) and life expectancy (years).ResultsDeferring DAAs for patients with no or mild fibrosis (F0/F1) for 1‐5 years is unlikely to result in life expectancy losses and leads only to marginal losses of 0.02‐0.06 QALYs per year of delay. However, for 30‐50‐year‐olds with advanced fibrosis (≥F3) delays as short as a year results in a considerable health loss (0.25‐1.04 QALYs and 0.19‐1.53 years). Reimbursement limits for those with substance use are associated with large health losses. People who actively inject drugs with advanced fibrosis (≥F3) may lose 0.18‐1.05 QALYs and 0.13‐1.16 years per year of delay, despite the risk of reinfection and competing mortality. Results are robust to parameter uncertainty and key assumptions.ConclusionsWe present a clinical decision tool for informing treatment timing for various CHC subpopulations. In general, findings suggest that patients with at least moderate fibrosis should be treated promptly regardless of active drug use.
Aminopyrine breath test predicts liver‐related events and death in HCV‐related cirrhosis on SVR after DAA therapy
Authors: Petta Salvatore , Rini Francesca , Calvaruso Vincenza , Cammà Calogero , Ciminnisi Stefania , Di Marco Vito , Giannini Edoardo G. , Grimaudo Stefania , Maria Pipitone Rosaria , Craxì Antonio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsIn patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related advanced cirrhosis, the effects of sustained virological response (SVR) by direct antiviral agents (DAAs) on decompensation and liver deaths are less clearcut, since up to 30% of patients do not improve, and no predictors of outcome have been identified. We used 13C‐aminopyrine breath test (ABT) to assess whether its changes can predict liver‐related outcomes after DAA treatment in patients with HCV cirrhosis.MethodsFifty consecutive patients with HCV cirrhosis were enrolled. Patients were included if they had Child A cirrhosis at risk for decompensation – defined as Child A6 (N = 22, 44%) or previous decompensation (N = 7, 14%) – or Child B cirrhosis (N = 21, 42%) eligible for DAA‐based antiviral therapy. ABT was performed at baseline and 12 weeks after the end of antiviral therapy. Patients received sofosbuvir‐based regimens.ResultsAminopyrine breath test was available for all 50 patients at baseline. The 120’ cumulative dose was directly associated at regression analysis only with albumin levels (P = .001). ABT was available at follow‐up week 12 for 41 patients (FUW12), all with SVR, and followed for a median of 25.2 months (range 12.2‐32.1 months). Lower Ʌ ABT – defined as changes of 120’ cumulative dose from FUW12 to baseline – (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94‐0.99; P = .02) and FUW12 hepatic encephalopathy (HR 19.0, 95% CI 1.16‐310.3; P = .03) were the only independent predictors of liver events/death at multivariate Cox regression analysis. The AUC of Ʌ ABT was good (0.87, 95% CI 0.75‐0.97), with a delta ≥0% well discriminating patients at lower vs patients at higher risk of liver‐related events/death (P < .001).ConclusionsIn patients with advanced HCV cirrhosis who achieve SVR with DAA, Ʌ ABT assists in assessing the residual likelihood of liver‐related events and deaths after viral cure.
Impact of cultural diversity on local labor markets. Evidence from Greece's “age of mass migration”
Authors: Roupakias Stelios , Dimou Spiridoula 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes how the interaction of ethnicities and cultures impacts on productivity and employment on Greek local labor markets, within the 20‐year interval between 1991 and 2011. We compute two alternative proxies for cultural diversity, namely the fractionalization and the polarization index, using information on 118 countries of origin. We also account for the potential endogenous allocation of individuals across local labor markets by employing a “shift‐share” instrument, exploiting the fact that networks play an important role in the settlement patterns of recent migrants. Our identification strategy indicates that the contribution of diversity in terms of birthplace is positive, at least up to a certain point. This finding appears to be robust and not driven by the inclusion of further controls, outliers, spatial autocorrelation, and selection on unobservables. Interestingly, we find that ethnic heterogeneity helps employment and productivity by promoting sectoral diversity.
Linking shock textures revealed by BSE, CL, and EBSD with U‐Pb data (LA‐ICP‐MS and SIMS) from zircon from the Araguainha impact structure, Brazil
Authors: Hauser Natalia , Reimold Wolf Uwe , Cavosie Aaron J. , Crósta Alvaro P. , Schwarz Winfried H. , Trieloff Mario , Da Silva Maia de Souza Carolinna , Pereira Luciana A. , Rodrigues Eduardo N. , Brown Matthews 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA silicious impact melt rock from polymict impact breccia of the northern part of the alkali granite core of the Araguainha impact structure, central Brazil, has been investigated. The melt rock is thought to represent a large mass of impact‐generated melt in suevite. In particular, a diverse population of zircon grains, with different impact‐induced microstructures, has been analyzed for U‐Pb isotopic systematics. Backscattered electron and cathodoluminescence images reveal heterogeneous intragrain domains with vesicular, granular, vesicular plus granular, and vesicular plus (presumably) baddeleyite textures, among others. The small likely baddeleyite inclusions are not only preferentially located along grain margins but also occur locally within grain interiors. LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb data from different domains yield lower intercept ages of 220, 240, and 260 Ma, a result difficult to reconcile with the previous “best age” estimate for the impact event at 254.7 ± 2.7 Ma. SIMS U‐Pb data, too, show a relatively large range of ages from 245 to 262 Ma. A subset of granular grains that yielded concordant SIMS ages were analyzed for crystallographic orientation by EBSD. Orientation mapping shows that this population consists of approximately micrometer‐sized neoblasts that preserve systematic orientation evidence for the former presence of the high‐pressure polymorph reidite. In one partially granular grain (#36), the neoblasts occur in linear arrays that likely represent former reidite lamellae. Such grains are referred to as FRIGN zircon. The best estimate for the age of the Araguainha impact event from our data set from a previously not analyzed type of impact melt rock is based on concordant SIMS data from FRIGN zircon grains. This age is 251.5 ± 2.9 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.45, p = 0.50, n = 4 analyses on three grains), indistinguishable from previous estimates based on zircon and monazite from other impact melt lithologies at Araguainha. Our work provides a new example of how FRIGN zircon can be combined with in situ U‐Pb geochronology to extract an accurate age for an impact event.
Dual‐mycorrhizal plants: their ecology and relevance
Authors: Teste François P. , Jones Melanie D. , Dickie Ian A. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryDual‐mycorrhizal plants are capable of associating with fungi that form characteristic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EM) structures. Here, we address the following questions: (1) How many dual‐mycorrhizal plant species are there? (2) What are the advantages for a plant to host two, rather than one, mycorrhizal types? (3) Which factors can provoke shifts in mycorrhizal dominance (i.e. mycorrhizal switching)? We identify a large number (89 genera within 32 families) of confirmed dual‐mycorrhizal plants based on observing arbuscules or coils for AM status and Hartig net or similar structures for EM status within the same plant species. We then review the possible nutritional benefits and discuss the possible mechanisms leading to net costs and benefits. Cost and benefits of dual‐mycorrhizal status appear to be context dependent, particularly with respect to the life stage of the host plant. Mycorrhizal switching occurs under a wide range of abiotic and biotic factors, including soil moisture and nutrient status. The relevance of dual‐mycorrhizal plants in the ecological restoration of adverse sites where plants are not carbon limited is discussed. We conclude that dual‐mycorrhizal plants are underutilized in ecophysiological‐based experiments, yet are powerful model plant–fungal systems to better understand mycorrhizal symbioses without confounding host effects.
Equality as an ethical concept within the context of nursing care rationing
Authors: Papastavrou Evridiki , Igoumenidis Michael , Lemonidou Chryssoula 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe concept of equality is subject to many different interpretations, and it is closely connected to similar concepts such as equity, justice, fairness, and human rights. As an ideal, equality entails many aspects that are untenable. For instance, genetic and social inequalities may never be extinct, but they can both be ameliorated by proper distribution of society's resources. Likewise, within the context of health care, equality can be promoted by proper rationing of health resources, amongst which nursing care stands out. In the field of nursing, the principle of equality presents itself in various forms of ethical and deontological mandates. However, beyond good intentions and abstract notions, there is a need to examine the ways in which nurses enforce this principle in practice, within the reality of modern health systems. Although there is scarcity of qualitative evidence in the nursing care rationing literature, existing studies suggest that fair treatment pertains to a largely intuitive sense of equality which involves subjective perceptions and judgements about rationing. Nurses’ initial predisposition is to view all patients as equal and treat them in an equal manner; yet, on an individual basis, each patient has a different starting point, different needs and different prospects that render rationing decisions complex and uncertain. Equality should be accepted with its unavoidable limitations in practice and be further examined within the context of nursing care rationing, in the hope that it can be advanced in a consistent way, despite the idealistic nature in many of its aspects.
Optimum waist circumference‐height indices for evaluating adult adiposity: An analytic review
Authors: Hwaung Phoenix , Heo Moonseong , Kennedy Samantha , Hong Sangmo , Thomas Diana M. , Shepherd John , Heymsfield Steven B. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPhenotyping adults for excess adiposity and related health risks usually include three body size measurements: height, weight and waist circumference (WC). Height and weight are now widely used as components of the body shape measure, body mass index (BMI, weight/height2), with the height power referred to as the scaling factor, α. At present, WC is usually not adjusted for height or is expressed as WC/height in which α = 1. Although other α values have been proposed, a critical review of these shape measures is lacking. Here, we examine classical pathways by which the scaling exponent for height used in BMI was developed and then apply this strategy to identify the optimum WC index characteristic of adult shape. Our analyses explored anthropometric, body composition and clinically‐relevant data from US and Korean National Health and Nutrition Surveys. Our findings provide further support for the WC index of WC/height0.5 as having the strongest associations with adiposity while having the weakest correlations with height across non‐Hispanic white and black, Mexican American and Korean men and women. The WC index, defined as WC/height0.5, when combined with BMI, can play an important role when phenotyping adults for excess adiposity and associated health risks in research and clinical settings.
Sleep quality is associated with psychosocial functioning and health‐related quality of life in pediatric transplant recipients
Authors: Gutierrez‐Colina Ana M. , Quast Lauren F. , Eaton Cyd K. , LaMotte Julia , Stolz Mary G. , Mee Laura , George Roshan , Lee Jennifer , Reed Bonney , Rich Kristin Loiselle , Blount Ronald L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study examined patient‐reported sleep quality in a single‐center cross‐sectional sample of adolescents with solid organ transplants and evaluated associations between sleep quality, psychosocial functioning (ie, depression/anxiety symptoms), and HRQOL. Health disparities associated with minority race/ethnicity and socioeconomic variables were also examined. Sixty‐nine adolescents (M = 16.51 years; SD = 1.63) who received a solid organ transplant (kidney: n = 25; liver: n = 24; heart: n = 20) completed self‐report measures of sleep quality, psychosocial functioning, and HRQOL. Adolescent transplant recipients endorsed significantly lower levels of sleep quality (ie, falling asleep) compared with previously published norms of healthy peers (t = −3.60; P ≤ .001). Higher sleep quality was significantly associated with fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms (r = −.31 to −.40), and higher physical and psychosocial HRQOL (r = .33‐.43). Adolescents from minority backgrounds had significantly worse sleep quality compared with non‐Hispanic Whites. Adolescent transplant recipients, particularly those from minority backgrounds, may be at increased risk for experiencing poor sleep quality. Suboptimal sleep is a risk factor for higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as lower levels of physical and psychosocial HRQOL. Sleep is an important modifiable factor that, if improved, may contribute to lower anxiety/depressive symptoms and better HRQOL in adolescent transplant recipients.