bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The up-regulated expression level of deubiquitinating enzyme USP46 induces the apoptosis of A549 cells by TRAF6
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Li Yanan , Gu Dandan , Wang Xiaoru , Han Guangxin , Yao Yasen , Ren Limei , Yao Qingguo , Li Xiaobing , Qi Yonghao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the function of Ubiquitin-specific protease 46 (USP46), a deubiquitinase, in the context of lung cancer, particularly its role in regulating cell proliferation via the ubiquitination of TRAF6. In A549 lung cancer cells, analysis revealed a significant downregulation of USP46 expression, while TRAF6 levels were notably elevated. These findings were corroborated by Western blotting, which confirmed the altered expression patterns. To further assess the implications of these changes, several experimental assays, including the Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell migration assays, and flow cytometry, were conducted to evaluate cell viability and apoptosis rates. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated a direct interaction between USP46 and TRAF6, implicating USP46 in the modulation of TRAF6 ubiquitination, a process that is fundamental to tumor physiology. The results indicated that decreased USP46 expression led to an increase in the levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, while there was a corresponding decrease in key pro-apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax. Additionally, the study found elevated levels of phosphorylated AKT and mTOR, which suggest the activation of survival signaling pathways in the cancer cells. These findings collectively suggest that the up-regulated USP46 promotes apoptosis in lung cancer cells through the regulation of TRAF6. Therefore, targeting the USP46/TRAF6 signaling pathway presents a promising therapeutic strategy for lung cancer treatment, potentially offering new avenues for intervention in cancer progression and cell survival mechanisms.
Relationship between Anxiety and Fatigue in Dementia Family Caregivers: Hope as a Mediator
Authors: Jiang Jiin-Ling , Chang Shing-Ling , Wang Ke-chieh , Ma Yu-Chin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aim This study investigated the mediating role of hope in the relationship between anxiety and fatigue in family caregivers of individuals with dementia. Methods A cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 84 family members caring for a patient with dementia in Tzu Chi Hospital in eastern Taiwan. Instruments were the Herth Hope Index, a fatigue scale, and an anxiety scale. Results The findings revealed a significant negative correlation between fatigue and hope (r = − 0.431, p < .01), a significant positive correlation between fatigue and anxiety (r = 0.584, p < .01), and a significant negative correlation between hope and anxiety (r = − 0.364, p < .01). Furthermore, the results indicated that anxiety indirectly predicted fatigue through hope. Hope was a mediating variable between anxiety and fatigue, accounting for 15.6% of the mediating effect. Conclusions Prioritizing the physical and mental health of family caregivers of individuals with dementia by fostering hope can help alleviate their caregiving fatigue and enhance their overall well-being.
Adversarial Red Teaming for NIDS:Model-Agnostic Physical-Space Attacks
Authors: Rizvi Syed Wali Abbas , Farrukh Yasir Ali , Khan Irfan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Adversarial examples have been widely studied across domains such as image recognition and speech processing, but their implications for Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) remain underexplored. This paper introduces the NIDS Robustness Toolbox (NRT), a model-agnostic tool designed to generate adversarial samples for machine learning-based NIDS by directly manipulating network traffic in the physical space. Unlike traditional approaches, our method requires no information about the processing pipeline or underlying model architecture, making it adaptable and highly practical for real-world red teaming. The NRT facilitates the creation of adversarial traffic that disguises malicious intent within realistic network behavior, targeting both flow-based and payloadbased NIDS models. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that these adversarial samples lead to significant declines in detection performance, assessed across multiple metrics including precision, recall, F1-score, evasion, and misclassification rates.These findings reveal substantial vulnerabilities in current NIDS configurations, underscoring the critical need for more resilient, adaptable defenses to withstand sophisticated adversarial threats in real-world deployments.
Predictors of postictal delirium at 30 minutes after electroconvulsive therapy in Indian patients
Authors: Dagar Sonali , Daria Vinod , Daria Usha , Singh Kuldeep , Gupta Shreya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Acute confusional state or delirium occurs in 12% of patients after receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). This adverse effect can lead to falls and injuries in the recovery room. The duration of disorientation also predicts retrograde amnesia in patients. Knowing the predictors of postictal delirium after ECT will help optimize treatment and improve the safety of therapy in this part of the world, where ECT is still widely used for the treatment of psychiatric disorders and acute agitation and is increasingly becoming a daily care procedure. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of post-ECT delirium. We hypothesized that patient variables, type of general anesthesia and ECT treatment variables might influence the likelihood of delirium. Methodology: A prospective randomized study was conducted after registration with the Central Trial Registry of India via the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit at 30 min after the first ECT treatment of 90 consecutive patients. Patients were randomized into three groups and received different anesthetic agents. We used the half-age dosing method for ECT, and patient variables were extracted via chart review. Variables, including the type of general anesthesia, ECT treatment parameters, age and biochemical parameters of the patient, were analyzed. Results: Postictal delirium was present in 10 patients (11.11%) at 30 minutes after ECT administration. Significant differences in baseline hemoglobin levels and systolic blood pressure were detected between delirious and nondelirious patients at 30 minutes post-ECT administration (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in age, number of concomitant medications, anticholinergic cognitive burden, baseline biochemical characteristics, type of anesthesia, total charge, stimulus duration, or seizure length for electroconvulsive therapy between these two groups. Conclusion: Potential predictors of delirium, such as baseline hemoglobin levels, can lead to improved risk stratification and personalized treatment approaches. The choice of anesthetic does not predict delirium after ECT. Long seizure duration is not a risk factor for prolonged disorientation after the administration of electroconvulsive therapy. Adequate seizure duration can be administered to patients with the choice of appropriate anesthetic agents for effective ECT without risk for post-ECT delirium.
Protective effect of probiotics on the intestinal mucosal barrier and expression of Zonulin, ZO-1, and MUC1 in the intestinal tissue of yaks
Authors: Chang Zhenyu , Liu Ruidong , Dong Hailong , Fouad Dalia , Nawaz Shah , Zhong Lang , Wu Qingxia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Diarrhea is the most common disease among yak calves in Tibetan breeding farms, primarily caused by E.coli. The study aimed to investigate the preventive effect and mechanisms of probiotics on E. coli-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in yak calves.
Methods
Twenty-four healthy yaks were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group (E.coli O78), treatment group A (E.coli O78 + probiotics), and treatment group B (E.coli O78 + flufenicol). Serum levels of Zonulin protein were detected by ELISA, intestinal pathological changes were observed by HE staining, and mRNA levels of Zonulin, ZO-1, and MUC1 in intestinal tissues were quantitatively measured by PCR.
Results
The results showed that compared to the control group, the model group exhibited a significant increase in the serum Zonulin level of calves (P < 0.01). Following probiotic treatment, serum Zonulin levels in group A treatment decreased significantly compared to the model group (P < 0.01), while serum Zonulin levels in group B treatment also showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05). In contrast to the control group, the intestinal mucosa of the model group had extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells, along with degeneration, necrosis, and exfoliation of intestinal epithelial cells. Treatment Group A exhibited an intact intestinal structure with very well-developed intestinal villi and glands, indicating that probiotics had a protective effect on the intestinal mucosal structure and reduced intestinal mucosal damage, improvement of intestinal health in calf yaks. The results of the quantitative fluorescence assay revealed that probiotics significantly reduce the expression of Zonulin mRNA in the intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05), and increase the expression of ZO-1 and MUC1 mRNA (P < 0.05), indicating that probiotics can inhibit or increase the expression of proteins related to intestinal permeability pathways and play a role in the prevention and treatment of E.coli O78 induced diarrhea in yak calves.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that probiotics can influence proteins which involved in intestinal permeability and have an obvious effect on the treatment and prevention of diarrhea caused by E. coli O78. Probiotics can be used as an alternative drug for the treatment and prevention of such types of diseases.
Multilingual AI System for Detecting Offensive Content Across Text, Audio, and Visual Media
Authors: Koreddi Venkatesh , Manisha Nalluri , Kaif Shaik Mohammad , Teja Yeligeti Sai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This project aims to develop an AI system with advanced capabilities to detect offensive language across diverse platforms—covering text, audio (both live and recorded speech), and images (such as memes)—in multiple languages. By lever-aging technologies like Natural Language Processing (NLP), Speech Recognition (SR), and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for identifying text within images, the system can already flag potentially harmful or inappropriate content. Integration with Google Translator ensures automatic detection and translation of input languages, enabling global applicability and enhanced reliability. For text analysis, the system utilizes BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), a large, pre-trained model known for its strong contextual and semantic comprehension of human language. As the digital landscape rapidly evolves, precise identification of offensive content is becoming ever more essential. Through this project, we are building robust, fair, and impactful technology to foster safer online environments for all users, addressing this significant challenge head-on.
1D Modelling and Diagnostics of Low-Pressure Capacitively Coupled Radio-Frequency Argon Plasma
Authors: Atlas Sharona , Lavan Shani Har , Kaplan Amir , Lehrer Avi , Rozenberg Illya , Zhao Hao , Baraban Joshua H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We utilized a combination of experimental alongside data-driven and theoretical modelling techniques to study non-thermal plasma properties and observables including optical emission spectral intensities, electron temperature, species concentrations, degree of ionization, and reaction rates. As a case study we measured the plasma properties of Argon gas in the low-pressure regime using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) while varying plasma input power and gas flow rate. We used data-driven and drift-diffusion modeling techniques to obtain complementary information, including electron temperature, reduced electric field, and species densities. The calculated density number of excited argon has a linear correlation to measured emission intensity, and we found that the dominant effect on Ar I intensity is the applied power with the gas flow (or pressure) the secondary factor (77% and 20%, respectively). The electron temperature increases with power but decreases with flow (or pressure). Combining the measured and modelling results help to understand the cold plasma dynamics and chemistry towards more complex plasma chemistry applications.
CH02 peptide-stimulated periodontal ligament stem cells enhance periodontal regeneration
Authors: Wang Huijuan , He Huiying , Cheng Xin , Feng Qi , Yang Xuesong , Chen Xiaojia , Huang Yue 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are considered ideal seed cells for periodontal tissue engineering and regeneration, and optimizing their efficacy is a pressing challenge. Although basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been extensively studied for promoting periodontal regeneration, its instability limits its application. This study introduces a smaller, less degradable peptide, CH02, to address this issue. Therefore, this study aims to explore the promoting effect of the CH02 peptide on the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, providing new support for periodontal regeneration.
Methods
Extracted PDLSCs from human premolars; used bFGF as a positive control to analyze the effects of CH02 on the proliferation, toxicity, migration, osteogenic differentiation, and calcification ability of PDLSCs; RT-qPCR analysis of osteogenesis-related gene expression; constructed a rat model of periodontal bone defect, delivered PDLSCs encapsulated in Matrigel to the defect site, and intervened with CH02 and bFGF for 2W and 4W respectively, then analyzed bone regeneration through Micro-CT, HE staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry.
Results
The extracted PDLSCs meet the international standards for mesenchymal stem cells. CH02 at 25 µg/mL promotes the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, with effects comparable to those of 25 ng/mL bFGF. CH02 enhances the expression of osteogenic-related genes RUNX2, OCN, and COL-1 in PDLSCs. In vivo, CH02 promotes the repair of periodontal bone defects in rats by PDLSCs.
Conclusions
PDLSCs have the potential for osteogenic differentiation; CH02 is more efficient than bFGF in promoting osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and the repair of periodontal bone defects in rats.
Separation and Recovery of Niobium coating from 440C Tool Steel by High-temperature Oxidation
Authors: Gupta Akanksha , Mishra Brajendra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Niobium is a transition metal with various oxidation states. It oxidizes readily to form NbO, NbO2, and Nb2O5 (Niobium pentoxide) in the presence of oxygen at elevated temperatures. Niobium pentoxide is the most common and stable oxide phase of Niobium which has high dielectric constant and high refractive index and finds applications in Niobium metal production (main application), production of optical glasses, as a precursor for production of lithium niobate (ceramic), dielectric capacitors, and other smaller applications. The Nb2O5 market stands at 240 million USD in 2021 with a CAGR of 5.8%. Nb2O5 has a pilling-Bedworth ratio (ratio of volume of niobium pentoxide formed to the volume of niobium metal) of 2.69 which is very high resulting in high compressive stress over niobium substrate causing the formed niobium pentoxide to detach and spall off. Taking advantage of this property of Niobium, the high-temperature oxidation technique for Niobium coating removal from 440C tool steel substrate as Nb2O5 is suggested in this study. The oxidation parameters evaluated are temperature and time, and the oxidation kinetics of Niobium coating is studied and presented. The steel substrates resistance to oxidation is studied post-oxidation to examine its mechanical and chemical properties. This is conducted in order to evaluate its performance for extension of its service life for intended additive manufacturing application. This is conducted by investigating elemental maps, phases formed, and hardness tensile profiles of the composite and oxidation product post oxidation.
Study on flutter stability of TiBw mesh reinforced titanium matrix composites thin-walled parts in ultrasonic vibration machining
Authors: Dong Guojun , Guo Zhiqing , Cao Yongzhi , Lai Ruida , Wu Mengwei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In order to study the influence of ultrasonic vibration on the machining chatter stability of reticulated titanium matrix composite thin-walled parts, firstly, the influence law of machining parameters on ultrasonic cutting separation ratio was obtained through kinematics analysis. Then, based on the cutting separation ratio, an improved semi-discrete method is established to predict the chatter stability of ultrasonic vibration milling, and it is found that the stability lobe diagram corresponding to ultrasonic vibration milling is higher than that of traditional milling as a whole. Then, the cutting force coefficient identification and modal experiment of ultrasonic vibration machining of titanium matrix composites are carried out, and the cutting force coefficient and modal parameters of ultrasonic vibration machining are analyzed. Finally, based on the drawn stability lobe diagram, different machining parameters are selected to carry out the stability model verification experiment, and the vibration signal measured by a laser vibrometer is used to identify the machining stability state. The experimental results verify the model's accuracy and show that ultrasonic vibration can suppress the machining chatter.
Geophysical Study of Crustal Deformation Using Gravity Data: Muzaffarabad and Adjoining Regions in Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Zulqranan Arooj , Šprlák Michal , Khan Muhammad Rustam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The present research utilizes the Gravity method to investigate Muzaffarabad and its adjacent areas in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Qualitative interpretation involved creating various maps such as Bouguer Anomaly, Free Air Anomaly, Elevation, Residual Bouguer Anomaly, and Regional Bouguer Anomaly maps. Quantitative interpretation included computing a geological model along the selected profile A-A'. The study revealed subsurface structural features and the thickness of the sedimentary-metasedimentary wedge, identifying two major faults: The Muzaffarabad Fault (MF) and Bagh Basement Fault (BBF). The NW-SE contour trend in the north indicates the MF, while the western part shows the Jhelum strike-slip fault trend. The BBF extends from Mahoter to Shahdara and reaches the Moho depth. The geological model demarcates the MF within the Miocene Murree Formation, dipping at 49° and connecting with a detachment fault. These faults are tectonically active, indicating a risk of earthquakes that could range from moderate to high magnitudes. Numerous active landslides and fault-related folding and faulting highlight the region's seismic activity. Areas above the hanging walls of MF and BBF are unsuitable for heavy civil engineering structures, whereas footwall areas are comparatively feasible.
Challenges and Supports: Exploring Health Service Accessibility for Key Populations in Mozambique
Authors: Junior Simeão Hanhane , Vuvo Ana Matusse , Manuel Pedro , McOwen Jordan , Banze Áuria Ribeiro , Baltazar Cynthia Semá 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Key populations (KP) can have poor access to public health services. Mozambique ranks among the top ten countries with the highest HIV prevalence worldwide, with an estimated 12.5% of People Living with HIV (PLHIV). Despite national strategic efforts and guidelines to address HIV transmission among KP, pervasive stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings remain significant barriers to effective service delivery. This study aims to explore the experiences of KP in accessing healthcare and social services in Mozambique.
Methods
This qualitative study conducted in 2022 across six urban provinces, key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) to explore the experiences of KPs in accessing HIV-related health and social services. Participants included Female Sex Workers (FSW), Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), People Who Inject Drugs (PWID), transgender individuals, health providers, and members of community-based organizations (CBOs). Data were collected, transcribed, and analyzed using NVivo software based on Grounded Theory.
Results
A total of 440 interviews were conducted, including 151 KIIs and 293 FGD participants. Despite the availability of targeted healthcare services and community-based support, findings indicated pervasive stigma and discrimination within healthcare settings, particularly affecting transgender individuals and PWID. Many participants reported experiencing discriminatory attitudes from healthcare providers, leading to refusal of care and inadequate treatment, which deterred KP from seeking necessary medical assistance.
Discussion
While the country has made progress in providing services tailored to KP, stigma and discrimination within healthcare settings remain critical barriers. This issue disproportionately affects transgender individuals and PWID, who often face refusal of care and poor treatment. Although CBOs have been instrumental in offering support, systemic changes are needed to create a more inclusive healthcare environment.
Conclusion
These findings underscore the importance of considering systemic changes to address stigma and discrimination in healthcare settings in Mozambique. Comprehensive training for healthcare providers, robust anti-discrimination policies, and strengthened collaboration between healthcare facilities and CBOs are essential to improve healthcare access and outcomes for KP. Promoting inclusive healthcare practices can help reduce health disparities and advance national HIV response efforts in Mozambique.