bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predator Free 2050: A flawed conservation policy displaces higher priorities and better, evidence‐based alternatives
Authors: Linklater Wayne , Steer Jamie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNew Zealand's policy to exterminate five introduced predators by 2050 is well‐meant but warrants critique and comparison against alternatives. The goal is unachievable with current or near‐future technologies and resources. Its effects on ecosystems and 26 other mammalian predators and herbivores will be complex. Some negative outcomes are likely. Predators are not always and everywhere the largest impact on biodiversity. Lower intensity predator suppression, habitat protection and restoration, and prey refugia will sometimes better support threatened biodiversity. The policy draws attention to where predators are easily killed, not where biodiversity values are greatest. Pest control operations are already contested and imposing the policy is likely to escalate those conflicts. While “high‐profile,” a focus on predator eradication obscures the fact that indigenous habitat cover and quality continues to decline. Thus, the policy is flawed and risks diverting effort and resources from higher environmental priorities and better alternatives. Biodiversity conservation policies should be guided by cost‐benefit analyses, prioritization schemes, and conservation planning in an adaptive management framework to deliver nuanced outcomes appropriate to scale‐ and site‐specific variation in biodiversity values and threats. The success of biodiversity sanctuary‐“spillover” landscapes, habitat restoration, and metapopulation management provide the foundation to build a better policy.
Behandlung der erworbenen reaktiven perforierenden Dermatose – eine systematische Übersicht
Authors: Lukács Judit , Schliemann Sibylle , Elsner Peter 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie reaktive perforierende Dermatose ist eine seltene chronische Hautkrankheit, die durch die transepidermale Elimination von Kollagen und/oder Elastin gekennzeichnet ist. In der bei Erwachsenen auftretenden erworbenen Form ist sie häufig mit Krankheiten wie Diabetes und chronischer Niereninsuffizienz assoziiert. Systematische Übersichten über die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten für diese Krankheit liegen nicht vor. Das Ziel dieser systematischen Übersicht ist die Zusammenfassung aller publizierten Behandlungsoptionen für die erworbene reaktive perforierende Dermatose (ARPD). Diese systematische Übersicht stützt sich auf eine MEDLINE‐Recherche nach Artikeln aus den Jahren 1990 bis 2016 in englischer und deutscher Sprache.Der Großteil der Literatur zur Behandlung der ARPD beschränkt sich auf einzelne Fallberichte und kleine Serien von Patienten. Zu den verschiedenen Therapien, die versucht wurden, zählen Antihistaminika, topische Keratolytika, Corticosteroide, Tretinoin, orale Medikamente wie Allopurinol oder Antibiotika sowie Phototherapie oder Photochemotherapie.Zwar gibt es keine spezifischen Kriterien für eine evidenzbasierte Auswahl der Therapieoptionen für die ARPD, jedoch sollte bei der Therapie dieser Störungen die Behandlung einer etwaigen Grunderkrankung Priorität haben. Keine der beschriebenen Modalitäten wurde für die Primärtherapie zugelassen. Es wird empfohlen, eine Kombination von Medikamenten einzusetzen, die den Juckreiz verringern und gleichzeitig ein Abklingen der Hautläsionen bewirken.
Patientenakzeptanz und ‐vertrauen in die automatisierte, computergestützte Diagnostik des Melanoms mithilfe der Dermatofluoroskopie
Authors: Fink Christine , Uhlmann Lorenz , Hofmann Maja , Forschner Andrea , Eigentler Thomas , Garbe Claus , Enk Alexander , Haenssle Holger A. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleAutomatisierte computergeführte Diagnoseverfahren werden in steigendem Maße in die Patientenversorgung integriert. Trotz der zunehmenden Anwendung automatisierter Prozesse wurden jedoch Patientenakzeptanz und ‐vertrauen in die entsprechenden Technologien bisher nur selten untersucht. Die automatisierte Diagnostik des Melanoms durch Dermatofluoroskopie wurde kürzlich behördlich zugelassen. Der Zweck dieser Studie ist die Beurteilung von Patientenakzeptanz und ‐vertrauen in die automatisierte Melanomdiagnostik mithilfe der Dermatofluoroskopie.Patienten und MethodenIm Rahmen einer prospektiven klinischen Studie untersuchten wir 140 pigmentierte Hautläsionen mithilfe der Dermatofluoroskopie. Vier Wochen nach ihrer dermatofluoroskopischen Untersuchung kontaktierten wir 100 Patienten mit einem Fragebogen, der 10 Fragen zu Akzeptanz und Vertrauen bezüglich dieser Technik umfasste, welche anhand einer fünfstufigen visuellen Analogskala zu beantworten waren.ErgebnisseEin „hoher“ bis „sehr hoher“ Grad von Patientenakzeptanz und ‐vertrauen wurde bei 74 % der Befragten gefunden. Die meisten Patienten stimmten zu, dass die computergestützte Diagnostik die diagnostische Leistungsfähigkeit von Ärzten generell verbessern kann. Alle Befragten bestanden jedoch auf einer Interpretation der computergestützten Diagnosen durch einen Arzt und wiesen überwiegend den Gedanken eines vollständigen Ersatzes von Ärzten durch Computer zurück.SchlussfolgerungPatientenakzeptanz und ‐vertrauen gegenüber der Dermatofluoroskopie waren hoch. Die Patienten befürworteten deutlich die Anwendung von computergestützter Diagnostik als Ergänzung zur Untersuchung durch den Arzt.
Targeting Wnt signaling pseudokinases in hematological cancers
Authors: Karvonen Hanna , Perttilä Robert , Niininen Wilhelmiina , Barker Harlan , Ungureanu Daniela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent studies showed that several pseudokinases from the receptor tyrosine kinase family are important players in regulating cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance, suggesting that targeting these proteins can play a therapeutic role in cancer treatment. Receptor Tyr kinase‐like orphan receptors (RORs), protein Tyr kinase 7 (PTK7) (also called colon carcinoma kinase 4 (CCK4)), and receptor‐like Tyr kinase (RYK) are Wnt ligand binding receptors within the non‐canonical Wnt signaling, with important roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and organogenesis. At the cellular level, these receptors transduce signals important for cell survival, migration, polarization, and chemotaxis. Considerable progress has been made in the last decade in the field of pseudokinase signaling, improving our understanding of their structure‐function mechanisms, and intracellular network of transduction components. Consequently, their role in various diseases, including cancer, is now scrutinized for therapeutic interventions to improve treatment outcome. In this article, we review findings regarding molecular mechanisms and targeted therapies for ROR1, PTK7, and RYK in hematological malignancies.
Changes in carbon pools and biological activities of a sandy loam soil under medium‐term conservation agriculture and diversified cropping systems
Authors: Parihar C. M. , Jat S. L. , Singh A. K. , Datta A. , Parihar M. D. , Varghese E. , Bandyopadhyay K. K. , Nayak H. S. , Kuri B. R. , Jat M. L. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryConservation agriculture (CA) practices such as zero tillage (ZT) and permanent raised beds (PB) accelerate deposition of soil organic matter and augment associated biological properties of soil through enhanced inputs of organic carbon. However, the potential benefit of CA under intensive cereal‐based systems for key soil health indicators (such as carbon pools and biological activities) is only partially known. Therefore, we analysed the effect of three medium‐term tillage practices and four intensive crop rotations on selected soil organic carbon pools and microbial properties. The tillage practices consist of ZT, PB and conventional tillage (CT) in main plots and four crop rotations (MWMb, maize–wheat–mungbean; MCS, maize–chickpea–Sesbania; MMuMb, maize–mustard–mungbean; MMS, maize–maize–Sesbania) in subplots. The experimental design was split‐plot with three replications. After 6 years, we observed a significant positive effect of CA practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) content, labile SOC fractions, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DHA). The total organic carbon (TOC) was greatly affected by medium‐term tillage and diversified cropping systems; it was larger for CA and MCS and MWMb systems. The interaction effect between tillage and cropping systems for SOC content was not significant at all soil depths. Significantly larger contributions (8.5–25.5%) of labile SOC pools to TOC at various soil depths were recorded in PB and ZT. There was a significant positive effect of CA practices and diversified crop rotations on MBC and DHA at all the soil depths and sampling times, but the interaction effect between tillage and cropping systems was not significant. Thus, our medium‐term (≥ 5‐years) study showed that the combination of CA (PB and ZT) practices and appropriate choice of rotations (MCS and MWMb) appears to be the most appropriate option for restoration and improvement of the soil health of light‐textured Inceptisols through the accumulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and improvement in soil biological properties.Highlights
Effect of conservation agriculture (CA) on soil labile carbon inputs and biological properties.
Observed changes in SOC stock and C‐pools at different soil depths after 6 years.
Significant effects of tillage and crop rotations observed for labile‐C pools.
Adoption of ZT and PB enhanced SOC stock, C‐pools and microbial activity compared to CT.
A liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for analysis of intact fatty‐acid‐based lipids extracted from soil
Authors: Warren C. R. 
Published: July 2018

Fatty‐acid‐based lipids are considered to be indicators of the structure and function of soil microbial biomass. Identifying and quantifying intact fatty‐acid‐based lipids in soil extracts is challenging because lipids range from polar (e.g. phospholipids and other membrane lipids) to non‐polar (e.g. triacylglycerols involved in energy storage). The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method to identify and quantify intact fatty‐acid‐based lipids in soil extracts. Reversed‐phase LC separated fatty‐acid‐based lipids ranging from polar to non‐polar in one chromatographic analysis. Within classes, individual lipid species were separated predictably from one another on the basis of carbon numbers and degree of unsaturation, such that chromatographic retention time could be used to aid identification. Lipid species were identified based on intact mass of the lipid and by fragmentation into structure‐specific fragments that enabled compound classes and fatty acyl chains to be determined. Detection limits in positive and negative mode were better than 10 nmol l−1 for most lipid standards. In an extract of soil, 74 lipids from 10 classes were identified. The main non‐polar lipids were 12 diacylglyerol species and 16 triacylglycerol species. Polar lipids included phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, monomethyl‐phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols and three classes of betaine lipid (diacylgycerol‐N‐trimethylhomoserine; diacylglycerylhydroxymethy‐N,N,N‐trimethyl‐β‐alanine; and diacylglycerylcarboxyhydroxymethylcholine). The LC–MS method developed provides a powerful analytical tool for analysis of fatty‐acid‐based lipids ranging from polar to non‐polar and should be useful for the culture‐ and gene‐independent assay of soil function.HighlightsA novel LC–MS method is described for identification of soil lipids.
Polar and non‐polar lipids were separated in one chromatographic analysis
74 lipids from 10 classes were identified
Lipids identified included 25 species of betaine lipid
Women prefer proactive support from providers for treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding: A qualitative study in adult women with moderate or severe Von Willebrand disease
Authors: Eising H. P. , Sanders Y. V. , de Meris J. , Leebeek F. W. G. , Meijer K. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo explore key factors for successful support in women with moderate or severe Von Willebrand disease (VWD) who are faced with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and surgery.DesignA qualitative study design with focus‐group interviews and thematic analysis of the discussions.Settings and populationEleven VWD women aged 41‐68 years (median age 58 years) who had had a hysterectomy or bipolar radiofrequency ablation (BRA) because of HMB participated in this study. Three of the 11 participants had VWD diagnosed before surgery. Two focus groups were conducted in the summer of 2012. Patients were identified through participation in a nationwide study on Von Willebrand disease in the Netherlands (WiN study). Inclusion criteria were at least 18 years of age, fluent in Dutch, diagnosed with VWD (based on Von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen and/or activity levels < 30 IU/dL) and previous surgical therapy for HMB.FindingsThe following key factors were identified during focus‐group interviews: receiving information, proactive support from providers and considering bleeding disorders as a cause of HMB. Other topics were as follows: experiences with VWD and/or surgery, how relieved patients were when menses stopped, patients hoped that in future, providers would work better together so that women receive the best care.ConclusionsIn this focus‐group study among women with VWD who underwent surgery because of HMB, support by professionals could be improved by considering a bleeding disorder in women with HMB, providing information about different types of surgery and shared decision‐making regarding type of interventions.
A cross‐sectional study of non‐attendance among patients at a US hemophilia treatment center 2010‐2014
Authors: Barry V. , Steffens C. , Mattis S. , Sidonio R. F. , Tran D. Q. , Kempton C. L. 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionAmong patients with chronic disease, non‐attendance at scheduled healthcare visits is associated with poor outcomes. The impact of non‐attendance among patients with bleeding disorders is unknown.MethodsScheduling and medical record data over a 5‐year period for all individuals with at least one scheduled appointment during 2010‐2014 at a US Hemophilia Treatment Center (HTC) were analysed. Non‐attendance rates were calculated as the number of non‐attended visits divided by the number of years as a patient during the time period. Consistent non‐attenders were patients who did not attend more than one scheduled appointment per person‐year on average. Logistic regression determined characteristics associated with consistent non‐attendance and Poisson regression estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) describing associations between non‐attendance and emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations.ResultsThere were 8028 appointments scheduled for 950 individuals; 12% were not attended. Consistent non‐attenders (n = 62; 7% of the HTC patient population) accounted for over one‐third of non‐attended appointments and over one‐quarter of hospitalizations. Characteristics associated with consistent non‐attendance included public health insurance and black race. Higher non‐attendance rates were associated with more ED visits (aIRR 1.78; 95% CI: 1.37‐2.30) and hospitalizations (aIRR 2.73; 95% CI: 2.18‐3.42). Consistent non‐attenders had more ED visits (aIRR 2.49; 95% CI: 1.56‐3.96) and hospitalizations (aIRR 4.73; 95% CI: 2.96‐7.57) compared with patients who never missed appointments.ConclusionsFrequent non‐attendance identified a small but at‐risk population. Interventions to improve disease management that target them may have an impact on health outcomes and healthcare utilization.
HIV health care providers are ready to introduce pre‐exposure prophylaxis in Central and Eastern Europe and neighbouring countries: data from the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group
Authors: Kowalska JD , Bursa D , Gökengin D , Jilich D , Tomazic J , Vasylyev M , Bukovinowa P , Mulabdic V , Antonyak S , Horban A ,   the ECEE Network Group
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesPre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV infection has been introduced in only a few European countries. We investigated the potential to provide PrEP in the Central and Eastern European region, and in neighbouring countries.MethodsThe Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group was formed in February 2016 to review standards of care for HIV infection in the region. Information related to PrEP was collected through on‐line surveys. Respondents were recruited by ECEE members based on their involvement in HIV care.ResultsSeventy‐six respondents from 23 countries participated in the survey. Twenty‐six (34.2%) respondents reported that PrEP [tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)] was registered by the drug registration authority in their country. Fifty‐three (70.7%) respondents reported being aware of ‘informal’ PrEP use in their country. If they had access to PrEP, 56 (74.7%) would advise its use in their practice. Forty‐five (59.2%) respondents had concerns regarding PrEP use, and 10 (13.3%) expressed the need for more training. Most of the respondents (88.2%) would provide PrEP to people with high‐risk behaviours.ConclusionsPrEP is already used informally in some countries in the region. Physicians are keen to use PrEP if and when it is accessible. Obstacles towards implementing PrEP in those countries were mostly related to lack of national guidelines, drug registration and governmental strategy.
Wolbachia‐induced apoptosis associated with increased fecundity in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Guo Y. , Hoffmann A. A. , Xu X.‐Q. , Zhang X. , Huang H.‐J. , Ju J.‐F. , Gong J.‐T. , Hong X.‐Y. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Wolbachia influence the fitness of their invertebrate hosts. They have effects on reproductive incompatibility and egg production. Although the former are well characterized, the mechanistic basis of the latter is unclear. Here, we investigate whether apoptosis, which has been implicated in fecundity in model insects, influences the interaction between fecundity and Wolbachia in the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus. Wolbachia‐infected females produced about 30% more eggs than uninfected females. We used the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TDT)‐mediated dUTP‐digoxigenin nick end labeling staining to visualize apoptosis. Microscopic observations indicated that the Wolbachia strain wStri increased the number of ovarioles that contained apoptotic nurse cells in both young and aged adult females. The frequency of apoptosis was much higher in the infected females. The increased fecundity appeared to be a result of apoptosis of nurse cells, which provide nutrients to the growing oocytes. In addition, cell apoptosis inhibition by caspase messenger RNA interference in Wolbachia‐infected L. striatellus markedly decreased egg numbers. Together, these data suggest that wStri might enhance fecundity by increasing the number of apoptotic cells in the ovaries in a caspase‐dependent manner. Our findings establish a link between Wolbachia‐induced apoptosis and egg production effects mediated by Wolbachia, although the way in which the endosymbiont influences caspase levels remains to be determined.
Hypoxia adaptation in termites: hypoxic conditions enhance survival and reproductive activity in royals
Authors: Tasaki E. , Matsuura K. , Iuchi Y. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTermite royals (queen and king) exhibit extraordinary longevity without sacrificing reproductive performance, unlike most animals, in whom lifespan is generally negatively associated with reproduction. Therefore, the regulatory mechanisms underlying longevity have attracted much attention. Although the ageing process is influenced by environmental factors in many insects during their life cycle, it remains unclear whether any factors have an effect on the extended survival and high reproductive capacity of termite royals. Here, we show that hypoxia, possibly an important environmental factor in the nests, enhances survival and reproductive activity in incipient royals of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus compared with those in control conditions. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of the vitellogenin gene in queens are maintained to a greater extent under hypoxic conditions than under control conditions. The expression levels of the antioxidant enzyme genes RsCAT1 and RsPHGPX are also significantly promoted by hypoxia in queens and kings respectively. These results suggest that hypoxic exposure can contribute in part to achieving high reproductive output by altering gene expression after founding of colonies in the royals. Our study provides novel insights into the effect of a nest environment on the reproductive characteristics in termite royals.
Does Institutional Blockholder Short‐Termism Lead to Managerial Myopia? Evidence from Income Smoothing
Authors: Cho Sang Jun , Chung Chune Young , Liu Chang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe examine institutional blockholders’ influence on income‐smoothing practices in the Korean market, which provides an interesting setting where family‐oriented chaebols dictate the corporate landscape and impede shareholder activism. The empirical results reveal that institutional shareholders with a short‐term (long‐term) investment horizon facilitate (constrain) managerial myopia. This positive (negative) association is most evident among firms with domestic institutional investors. Therefore, we argue that the presence of domestic institutional investors with transient investment goals incentivizes firms’ management to smooth out earnings.
The World Council of Churches’ Relationships with Pentecostalism: A Brief Historical Survey and Some Recent Perspectives on Membership Matters
Authors: Buda Daniel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article approaches the problematic of relationships between the World Council of Churches (WCC) and Pentecostalism, mainly from the perspective of membership of Pentecostal churches in the WCC. It contents a brief presentation of some prejudices regarding Pentecostals in the ecumenical movement and a historical survey of the relationships between the WCC and Pentecostals, as well as a more detailed analysis of the actual status of this relationship from the perspective of membership of Pentecostal churches in the WCC. The last section assesses possible future scenarios in this regard. It is underlined that the Pentecostal movement is already represented in the WCC by a few small Pentecostal churches and that all the debate on whether to accept new Pentecostal member churches in this ecumenical organization should have as its starting point the reality that Pentecostalism is already part of the WCC. After presenting in detail the last debate in the Permanent Committee on Consensus and Collaboration (PCCC) on the issue of the WCC opening the doors to Pentecostal churches, this article concludes that the WCC should follow its previous policy of analyzing individually each application for membership according to its criteria for accepting new members. While most Pentecostal churches would agree with the basis of the WCC and some might increase their ecumenical engagement at all levels, in the near future at least, Pentecostal churches may still have a long way to go to integrate themselves in a genuine ethos and desire for unity.
Toward Common Ground: Catholicism and Pentecostalism in African Christianity
Authors: Wankar Gabriel T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAfter reviewing the great appeal of Pentecostal/charismatic spirituality as a religious phenomenon that has come to stay on the tapestry of the pastoral ecology of African Christianity, this article suggests a more dynamic and practical interface and collaboration with these movements by the Catholic Church in Africa, using the Vatican Council's embrace of ecumenism and dialogue.