bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecuador y el comercio con Estados Unidos: evolución, composición y tendencias
Authors: Urgilés Urgilés Gladys Primavera , Chávez Urgilés Karen Aracely 
Published: April 2019

Estados Unidos es uno de los principales socios económicos de Ecuador, ya que su mercado es el destino de la mayor parte de exportaciones petroleras. A lo largo de la historia, Ecuador ha intentado fomentar las exportaciones para tener una balanza comercial positiva a través de distintas políticas comerciales. En el presente artículo se hace un análisis de la evolución de la política comercial del país y su impacto en las importaciones y exportaciones con Estados Unidos. Además, se determina los nuevos escenarios de cómo las nuevas políticas de los dos países influirán en la evolución de las relaciones comerciales y los potenciales productos a exportarse.
Aplicación del índice de agrobiodiversidad en el Ecuador
Authors: Sánchéz de Céspedes Ima-Sumac , Funes-Monzote Fernando Rafael , Cevallos Vallejos Angel Marcelo 
Published: April 2019

Con el objetivo de evaluar la agrobiodiversidad existente en tres fincas en la parroquia de Peñaherra, Cotacachi, se realizó un inventario de las especies y variedades vegetales que tienen algún uso conocido dentro del agroecosistema; de esa forma se identificaron 97 especies. La riqueza de especies por finca fue de 46, 30 y 65, mientras que el índice de diversidad de Margalef arrojó que la finca 3 tiene una diversidad superior a 5, lo que se considera alta, mientras que la finca 2 cuenta con una diversidad media. En este estudio se empleó por primera vez en Ecuador el índice de Agrobiodiversidad (IDA), para lo cual la diversidad de la finca fue clasificada en cuatro grupos (alimentación humana, alimentación animal, alimentación del suelo y diversidad complementaria) y se les asignó un valor teniendo en cuenta la importancia dentro del ecosistema, al realizar el cálculo, se obtuvo que la finca 3 es la de mayor IDA, aunque no llega a los valores adecuados descritos en la literatura; es por ello que los agricultores deben tomar en cuenta los subíndices calculados para que incluyan en su finca plantas que eleven los subíndices deficientes, solo así se podrá llegar a un agroecosistema sostenible.
Relationship between environmental manufacturing practices and their competitive outcomes
Authors: Uddin Syed Misbah , Rahman Chowdury M. L. , Chowdhury Nahian Ismail , Shaikh Md. Parvez , Al-Amin Fayeq 
Published: April 2019

In today’s competitive market providing products only in low cost and high quality is not enough. Environmental concern in manufacturing is also an important issue now. To attract investors and customers organizations need to practice environmental manufacturing. This study is focused to present the relationships between some specific environmental manufacturing practices and their relative specific competitive outcomes in the important and vast industry of garment’s knitting sector in Bangladesh. Although there are several studies on the impact of environmental practices on the organizations outcomes but they are less construable due to many limitations. This study explores the environmental manufacturing practices under two categories pollution prevention and product stewardship and shows their relative competitive outcomes and establishes the relation between them. Based on the surveys and research it is found that some competitive outcomes are positively affected by some of the practices. These findings are believed to motivate the companies to turn towards the green manufacturing.
Cloud Coalescence: A Dynamical Instability Affecting Multiphase Environments
Authors: Waters Tim , Proga Daniel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Mass and size distributions are the key characteristics of any astrophysical object, including the densest clumps comprising the cold phase of multiphase environments. In our recent papers, we showed how individual clouds of various sizes form and evolve in active galactic nuclei. In particular, we showed that large clouds undergo damped oscillations as a response to their formation process. Here we follow up this investigation, addressing how different size clouds interact. We find that smaller clouds become trapped in the advective flows generated by larger clouds. The explanation for this behavior leads to a rather remarkable conclusion: even in the absence of gravity, complexes of clouds are dynamically unstable. In an idealized environment (e.g., one free of turbulence and magnetic fields) a perfectly symmetric arrangement of static clouds will remain static, but any small spatial perturbation will lead to all clouds coalescing into a single, large cloud, given enough time. Using numerical simulations, we investigate the main factors that determine the rate of coalescence. In addition to the cloud separation distance, we find that the transient response of clouds to a disturbance is the primary factor. Turbulent motions in the flow can easily suppress this tendency for spatially well-separated clouds to coalesce, so it is as yet unclear if this phenomenon can occur in nature. Nevertheless, this Letter casts strong doubts on a recent hypothesis that large clouds are prone to fragmentation.
HIGH-RATE TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF SILICONE RUBBER AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES
Authors: Guo Lingmei , Wang Yang 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe effects of strain rate and temperature on the tensile behavior of silicone rubber were investigated. The quasi-static uniaxial tensile experiments were conducted using an electromechanical testing system, and the high-rate uniaxial tensile tests were performed employing a modified split Hopkinson tension bar technique for low-strength and low-impedance materials. The tensile responses were obtained at strain rates of 0.001–1400 s−1 and temperatures ranging from −50 to 50 °C. The experiments reveal that the tensile stress–strain behavior of silicone rubber is nonlinear and highly dependent on strain rate and temperature. The values of stiffness and nominal stress at a given elongation increase with increased strain rate and decrease with increasing temperature. It is appropriate to postulate that the tensile response at high strain rates arises from the combination of hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity. According to the incompressibility assumption, a phenomenologically inspired visco-hyperelastic model was proposed to describe the constitutive behavior of silicone rubber over wide ranges of strain rates and temperatures.
Digital narratives on entrance exams for the Brazilian secondary school: ego-documents and written culture in history of the present time
Authors: Silva Cristiani Bereta da 
Published: April 2019

The proposal of this article is discussing digital narratives written in the first person, taken in their widest sense as ego-documents. We analyzed 12 blogs and 4 personal websites that provide written stories on entrance exams for the Brazilian secondary school (which were in force in Brazil between 1931 and 1971), as well as comments related to each post. The analysis of narratives was conducted having three irreducibly interconnected axes as a basis: the first one is methodological and requires discussing the possibilities and limits of exploring blogs and websites as adequate historical sources to grasp the contemporary phenomena of memory, narrative, and temporalities. The second axis implies analyzing narratives posted on blogs and websites as phenomena that contribute to provide the history of written culture in the present time with intelligibility. The third axis of analysis imposes thinking through meanings of the past and memory in the writings of one’s own. The issues raised herein deal with challenges of the meaning and interpretation of time by subjects of the present. If we take into account that narrating one’s life is a transcultural need related to the sense of existence, we must not give up thinking of changes that take place in human experience and its relation to historicity after hyper-connectivity, which became possible through the web 2.0, has significantly altered the flows of time and space. Keywords: Written culture. Digital narratives. Entrance exam for the Brazilian secondary school.
A long present: the role played by the press in the Brazilian redemocratization process – The Folha de S. Paulo in 1974
Authors: Lohn Reinaldo Lindolfo 
Published: April 2019

This article aims at exploring theoretical possibilities that allow us to discuss the political narrative of Brazilian democratization, a process usually situated from 1974 onwards, when a so-called political distension was announced by the military dictatorship. A narrative constructed by the big press, which emerged as one of the privileged democratization voices, this established the prominence of certain political and social players and sectors. The study focus lies on the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, whose pages provided a prominent place for the negotiations involving the Brazilian political system and the appreciation of elections as a way of institutionalizing the regime. Keywords: Redemocratization. Dictatorship. Big Press. Political Relations. Narrative.
Investigasi resistensi Anopheles sp. terhadap insektisida piretroid dan kemungkinan terjadinya mutasi gen voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC)
Authors: Haryanto Didid , Dalilah Dalilah , Anwar Chairil , Prasasti Gita Dwi , Handayani Dwi , Ghiffari Ahmad 
Published: April 2019

Penggunaan insektisida golongan piretroid secara luas dan terus menerus dalam pencegahan penularan malaria dapat menimbulkan mutasi gen voltage gate sodium channel (VGSC) pada vektor nyamuk yang dikenal dengan mutasi knockdown resistance (kdr). Mutasi gen ini membuat sensitifitas ikatan protein VGSC dengan insektisida menurun sehingga menyebabkan resistensi. Timbulnya resistensi insektisida piretroid pada nyamuk vektor dapat menjadi penghambat keberhasilan pemutusan penularan penyakit malaria sehingga deteksi adanya mutasi mutlak diperlukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui status resistensi insektisida piretroid dan mengidentifikasi mutasi pada gen VGSC kodon 1014 penanda resistensi nyamuk Anopheles sp. yang menjadi vektor malaria di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Sampel diambil di tiga Kabupaten, yaitu Muara Enim, Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU), dan Lahat. Uji awal kerentanan terhadap insektisida piretroid (permetrin 0,75%) dilakukan sesuai standar WHO tahun 2016 pada spesies dominan, yaitu Anopheles vagus Dönitz. Selanjutnya, identifikasi mutasi gen VGSC pada kodon 1014 dilakukan pada An. vagus dan spesies Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp yang tertangkap, dengan teknik seminested-PCR dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis sekuensing. Hasil uji kerentanan Anopheles sp. di Kabupaten Muara Enim menunjukkan resisten terhadap piretroid, sedangkan di Kabupaten Lahat dan OKU masih rentan terhadap insektisida piretroid. Sementara, analisis sekuensing PCR menunjukkan tidak terjadi perubahan basa alel kdr pada target site insektisida gen VGSC sehingga dapat disimpulkan secara molekuler belum ditemukan adanya mutasi pada gen VGSC kdr allel penanda resistensi insektisida piretroid.
Management factors affecting physical health and welfare of tourist camp elephants in Thailand
Authors: Bansiddhi Pakkanut , Nganvongpanit Korakot , Brown Janine L. , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak , Pongsopawijit Pornsawan , Thitaram Chatchote 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundVariation in management across elephant camps likely has differential effects on the well-being of elephants.MethodsThis study calculated body condition, foot health and skin wound scores (WSs) for 122 elephants from 15 elephant camps in Chiang Mai province, and examined relationships to management factors using a multi-variable modeling approach.ResultsThe majority of elephants had high body condition scores (BCS) indicative of being overweight or obese, mild foot problems, but few visible wounds. Females had higher BCSs than males, as did elephants provided a water source at night. Increasing age was associated with higher foot and WSs. Higher WSs were observed in about a quarter of the cases where mahouts carried a hook. Wounds related to saddle riding were rare. Elephants that rested on sand floors at night had a decreased risk of high WSs compared to elephants that rested on compact dirt floors.DiscussionFindings emphasize the need for elephant camps to adjust management activities that negatively affect body condition (e.g., feeding too many sweet treats), foot health (e.g., hard substrates) and wounding (e.g., misuse of equipment) to improve health and welfare of this population.
Hand hygiene knowledge and attitude of medical students in western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Bakarman Marwan A. , Baig Mukhtiar , Malik Ahmad A. , Gazzaz Zohair J. , Mostafa Mostafa M. , Zayed Mohamed A. , Balubaid Abdulaziz S. , Alzahrani Ahmed K. 
Published: April 2019

Background
The practice of hand hygiene (HH) has prime importance among Health Care Professionals (HCPs) and non-compliance could cause adverse consequences. By keeping the importance of HH in mind, this study aims at investigating the knowledge and attitudes towards HH among medical students and interns at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA).

Methods
The study includes 453 medical students and interns (189 males & 264 females). This study was completed in three months; from September to November 2017. The World Health Organization (WHO) HH questionnaire was used and data were analyzed on SPSS-21.

Results
Two-third of the participants 292 (64.2%) had formal training in HH in the last three years. Almost half of the participants 254 (56.1%) had correct knowledge regarding the major course of transmission of potentially detrimental microbes among patients in the healthcare premises. Just 124 (27.4%) of the respondents had the correct knowledge about the most common basis of germs accountable for healthcare-related infections. Females had significantly better knowledge than males regarding the type of HH technique needed before palpation of the abdomen (177(54%) Vs. 151(46%); P < 0.002), before an injection (175(54.5%) Vs. 146(45.5%); P < 0.007), after emptying a bedpan (207(64.7%) Vs. 113(35.3%); P < 0.001), following discarding examination gloves (256(60.4% Vs. 168(39.6%); P < 0.001] and after exposure to blood (200(64.1%) Vs. 112(35.%); P < 0.001). Female participants had better knowledge than males regarding the type of HH actions. Females also had a significantly better attitude towards the importance of HH than males (240(62.5%) Vs. 144(37.5%); P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The majority of the participants’ knowledge regarding HH was not up to the mark; however, female students had better knowledge compared to male students. The medical students and interns’ knowledge and positive attitude towards HH can play a pivotal role in preventing HCPs associated infections and it would overall decrease the infection-related burden on the hospital and governmental budgets. It is suggested that multi-dimensional plans are required to change this low compliance to a higher rate.
Bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in rheumatology journals from China and other top-ranking countries between 2007 and 2017
Authors: Zhang Chen , Feng Xinzhe , Wang Chen , Liu Denghui , He Chongru , Xu Weidong 
Published: April 2019

Objectives
Rheumatology-related diseases remain a significant burden worldwide. However, little is known about the comparative status of rheumatology research between Mainland China (MC) and the world’s leading countries. The aim of this study is to compare the quantity and quality of research output in the field of rheumatology that were written by researchers from MC, the USA, the UK, the Netherlands and France.

Methods
Between 2007 and 2017, all articles published in 30 rheumatology journals were identified via Science Citation Index Expanded database. The number of total and annual articles, article types (randomized controlled trials (RCTs), reviews, case reports, clinical trials and meta-analysis), impact factor (IF), citations, h-index and articles in the high-impact journals were collected for quantity and quality comparisons. The correlation of socioeconomic factors and annual publications was also analyzed.

Results
From 2007 to 2017, there were 53,439 articles published in rheumatology journals, of which researchers from the USA published 13,391 articles, followed by the UK, the Netherlands, France and MC with 6,179, 4,310, 4,066 and 2,898 articles, respectively. Publications from MC represented the ninth, but the number is growing rapidly. For total and average citations, MC still lags behind the other four countries in the study. Similar trends were observed in average IF, h-index and articles in the high-impact journals. In terms of article types, the USA occupies the dominant place, except for meta-analysis. The annual numbers of articles from MC and the USA were positively correlated with gross domestic product (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The USA has played predominant role in rheumatology research for the last 11 years. The annual number of published articles from MC has increased notably from 2007 to 2017. Although MC has made progress in the number of published articles over the past decade, it still lags far behind the highly developed countries in most bibliometric indicators. Thus, the general quality of publications from MC needs further improvement.
Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Meloidogyne javanica and on Tomato Growth Promotion
Authors: Lopes Elisete Pedreira , Ribeiro Regina Cássia Ferreira , Xavier Adelica Aparecida , Alves Renato Martins , Castro Marcelly Thais de , Martins Maria Josiane , Almeida Lorena Gracielly de , Mizobutsi Edson Hiydu , Santos Neto José Augusto dos 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To evaluate under controlled conditions the effect of alternative liquid Bacillus subtilis isolate 34 formulation on Meloidogyne javanica and tomato growth promotion.
Statistical Design: The design was completely randomized block with five treatments and eight replicates. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance and the averages compared by the Tukey test with 5% error probability. The statistical package used in the analysis of the data was the program "Sisvar"
Location and Duration of the Experiment: The experiment was set up during the period from February 13, 2018 to April 20, 2018 in greenhouse located at the State University of Montes Claros, municipality of Janaúba, MG, Brazil.
Methods: Treatments consisted of different times of application of bacteria in tomato seedlings: application of bacteria in the tube at eight and fifteen days after emergence; application of bacteria in the tube at eight and fifteen days after emergence and in pots at 25 and 35 days after transplanting; application of bacteria at 25 and 35 days after transplantation in the pot; Onix® commercial product (Bacillus methylotrophicus-UFPEDA20) and control. After 60 days of transplanting, the number of egg masses, number of galls, number of eggs, number of second-stage juveniles (J2) and reproduction factor, height, fresh and dry shoot mass and fresh root mass of tomato plants were evaluated.
Results: There was a reduction in the number of J2, eggs pre root, and eggs per gram of root when the bacteria formulation was applied in the tube + pot and in pot only. The application of the bacteria in the tube + pot and in only pot only presents the highest increase of fresh and dry shoot mass and fresh root mass.
Conclusion: The application of the liquid B. subtilis isolated 34 formulation to the soil in the pot and tube + pot reduced the reproduction of M. javanica and promoted greater tomato development.
Kokosnussöl [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2019]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated coconut oil [
8001‐31‐8
] to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering all toxicological endpoints. Available publications are described in detail. There are no inhalation studies with coconut oil available. Since coconut oil is a viscous liquid that is also used in metalworking fluids, exposure to a coconut oil aerosol is possible at these workplaces. As with white mineral oil, inhalation of the hardly water‐soluble coconut oil could result in overload in the lung, inflammatory reactions and microgranulomas. To prevent this overload, a MAK value of 5 mg/m
3
is derived for the respirable fraction by analogy with white mineral oil and Peak Limitation Category II as well as an excursion factor of 4 are set. There are no developmental toxicity studies with coconut oil. The inhalative uptake by exposure at the MAK value is far lower than the recommended consumption of total fat for women. The degradation products, the saturated fatty acids capric, lauric, myristic and palmitic acid, as well as the unsaturated oleic and linoleic acid, are not expected to be teratogenic. Secondary effects on the foetus by hypoxia, which can be induced by the overload effect in the lung, could be excluded at the level of the MAK value by the data on other lubricant oils. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is not exceeded and coconut oil is classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C. Coconut oil is not genotoxic in bacteria. From limited carcinogenicity studies, a carcinogenic potential of coconut oil is not expected. There are no indications of a contact sensitizing potential of coconut oil. Skin contact is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity.
Testing allostatic load factor structures among adolescents: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: King Amanda L. , Garnier‐Villarreal Mauricio , Simanek Amanda M. , Johnson Norah L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesAllostatic load (AL) represents cumulative biological “wear and tear” that results from chronic stress exposure over time, ultimately increasing risk for chronic disease. A consensus is lacking regarding the best operationalization of AL, particularly for younger, less studied populations. The purpose of this study was to test multiple hypothesized factor structures for AL to determine the best measurement approach for adolescents.MethodsWe analyzed biologic data for 1900 adolescents aged 12‐18 from four waves (2003‐2010) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AL indicator variables included cardiovascular (systolic BP, creatinine), metabolic (HDL, LDL, triglycerides, insulin, fasting glucose, HA1C, body mass index [BMI], waist circumference), and immune (albumin, CRP, WBC, EBV) biomarkers. Structural equation modeling was used to test the fit of five hypothesized AL factor structures.ResultsThe data best supported a unidimensional factor structure, where the AL construct directly influenced each of the indicator variables. All but two of the indicators (HDL and albumin) had positive factor loadings, thus, as AL increases the values for those indicators also increase. The best indicators for AL were those measuring metabolic dysregulation, with BMI and waist circumference having the highest factor loadings (0.95 and 0.982, respectively).ConclusionsBMI and waist circumference may be some of the earliest clinical signs of elevated AL that manifest among adolescents. Future research should aim to include neuroendocrine biomarkers in their AL measures to have a more robust estimation of AL in younger populations.