bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatoprotective activity of a purified methanol extract and saponins from the roots of Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.
Authors: Kokanova-Nedialkova Zlatina , Nedialkov Paraskev , Kondeva-Burdina Magdalena , Simeonova Rumyana 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry based profiling of a purified MeOH extract (PME) from the roots of Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. (Amaranthaceae) tentatively identified 15 saponins of six sapogenins. The PME exerts hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities comparable to those of flavonoid complex silymarin in in vitro (1 and 10 μg/mL) and in vivo (200 mg/kg/daily for 7 days) models of hepatotoxicity, induced by CCl4. The main constituents of PME, respectively saponins bonushenricoside A (1), 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-bayogenin-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-medicagenic acid-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl ester (3), 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-2β-hydroxygypsogenin-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4), 3-O-α-L-rabinopyranosyl-bayogenin-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (6) and bonushenricoside B (8) (3 μg/mL each), compared to silymarin (5 and 50 μg/mL), significantly reduced the cellular damage caused by CCl4 in rat hepatocytes, preserved cell viability and glutathione level, decreased lactate dehydrogenase leakage and reduced lipid damage. The experimental data suggest that the glycosides of phytolaccagenin, bayogenin, medicagenic acid, 2β-hydroxygypsogenin, 2β-hydroxyoleanoic acid and oleanoic acid are a promising and safe class of hepatoprotective agents.
Asymmetric Redundancy of ZERZAUST and ZERZAUST HOMOLOG in Different Accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Vaddepalli Prasad , Fulton Lynette , Schneitz Kay 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Divergence among duplicate genes is one of the important sources of evolutionary innovation. But, the contribution of duplicate divergence to variation in Arabidopsis accessions is sparsely known. Recently, we studied the role of a cell wall localized protein, ZERZAUST (ZET), in Landsberg erecta (Ler) accession, lack of which results in aberrant plant morphology. Here, we present the study of ZET in Columbia (Col) accession, which not only showed differential expression patterns in comparison to Ler, but also revealed its close homolog, ZERZAUST HOMOLOG (ZETH). Although, genetic analysis implied redundancy, expression analysis revealed divergence, with ZETH showing minimal expression in both Col and Ler. In addition, ZETH shows relatively higher expression levels in Col compared to Ler. Our data also reveal compensatory up-regulation of ZETH in Col, but not in Ler, implying it is perhaps dispensable in Ler. However, a novel CRISPR/Cas9-induced zeth allele confirmed that ZETH has residual activity in Ler. Finally, the synergistic interaction of the receptor-like kinase gene, ERECTA with ZET in ameliorating morphological defects suggests crucial role of modifiers on plant phenotype. The results provide genetic evidence for accession-specific differences in compensation mechanism and asymmetric gene contribution. Thus, our work reveals a novel example for how weakly expressed homologs contribute to diversity among accessions.
Editorial
Authors: Jiménez Adriano Díez , Ascanio Adriana Consuegra 
Published: May 2019

Este nuevo número de la revista Collectivus, presenta una gran diversidad en los temas abordados en cada uno de los artículos trabajados por autores desde distintas partes del Cono Sur, de modo que, el volumen 4, número 2 ofrece una visión panorámica en la comprensión de los contextos y fenómenos sociales que confluyen en el escenario sudamericano, acompañada de un ejercicio reflexivo profundo y pertinente acerca de la realidad social en América Latina. AbstractThis new issue of the magazine Collectivus, presents a great diversity in the topics addressed in each of the articles worked by authors from different parts of the Southern Cone, so that, volume 4, number 2 offers a panoramic vision in the understanding of the contexts and social phenomena that converge in the South American scenario, accompanied by a deep and pertinent reflective exercise about the social reality in Latin America.
Os Jovens de Americano do Brasil e a Perspectiva de projetos de Vida: Estudo de Caso
Authors: Caruso Sergio , Salles Leila Maria Ferreira 
Published: May 2019

Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar como os jovens do município de Americano do Brasil, interior do Estado de Goiás, constroem seus projetos de vida procurando identificar os eixos centrais, que os norteiam e sua relação com a localidade onde vivem. Para tanto foram realizados três grupos focais com jovens do município. O primeiro grupo foi constituído por jovens matriculados na escola local, o segundo grupo por jovens que apenas estavam trabalhando no momento da entrevista e o terceiro por jovens, que não estudavam e nem trabalhavam. Foi solicitado aos jovens que respondessem ao questionário socioeconômico e participassem dos grupos focais. Foi solicitado aos participantes, que se posicionassem nas entrevistas focais frente a suas expectativas de vida futura. Procurou-se incentivar a discussão entre eles. Os depoimentos foram organizados em categorias temáticas. Os posicionamentos e os eixos centrais, que norteiam a construção de seus projetos de vida refletem, predominantemente, as questões do cotidiano em que vivem e pelo qual transitam. Ao entender como esses jovens constroem seus projetos de vida, por meio de suas experiências e seus relacionamentos com a sociedade, esta investigação fez um registro das principais referências que norteiam esses projetos, destacando o trabalho como a diretriz principal para os projetos de vida desses jovens. Palavras-chave: Projetos de Vida. Grupos Focais. Perspectivas de Futuro. AbstractThis study aims to investigate how young people from the city of Americano do Brazil in the interior of the state of Goiás, construct their life projects in order to identify the central axes that guide them and their relationships with the locality where they live. For this purpose, three focus groups were carried with young people from the municipality. The first group consisted of young people enrolled in the local school, the second group by young people who were only working at the time of the interview and the third by young people who neither studied nor worked. These youths were asked to respond to a socioeconomic questionnaire and participate in focus groups. Participants were asked to take a stand in the focal interviews against their expectations of future life. They tried to encourage the discussion among them. The statements were organized in thematic categories. The positions and the central axes that guide the construction of their projects of life reflect predominantly the questions of the daily life in which they live and through which they transit. By understanding how these Young people construct their life projects, through their experiences and their relationships with society, this research made a record of the main references that guide these projects, highlighting work as the main guideline for the life projects of these young people. Keywords: Life Projects. Focus Groups. Future Prospects. Keywords: Life Projects. Focus Groups. Future Prospects.
Ege ve Doğu Marmara Bölgesi Ayva Plantasyonlarında Ateş Yanıklığı Hastalığının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Müge , MISIRLI Adalet , ÖZAKTAN Hatice 
Published: May 2019

ÖZ: Ayva üretiminin yoğun olarak yapıldığı yörelerde hastalığın
yaygınlık oranının belirlenmesi, mücadele açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda, İzmir, Manisa, Bursa, Sakarya ve Denizli illerinde
2015 yılında yürütülen çalışmada, hastalık şiddeti, oranı ile hastalığın
yaygınlık oranının belirlenmesi ve ayva plantasyonlarından izole edilen E. amylovora izolatlarının klasik ve
moleküler yöntemler ile kesin tanılamasının yapılarak virülensi yüksek
izolatların saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Surveylerde ortalama 50.000 ağacın yer aldığı, 1.000 dekar ayva bahçesi
taranmış ve survey alanında ortalama hastalık oranı % 4,24 olarak
belirlenmiştir. İl bazında, bu oran; İzmir’de % 0,54; Manisa’da % 0,65; Bursa’da
% 2,85; Sakarya’da % 2,95 ve Denizli’de % 5,90 olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Hastalığın yaygınlık oranı ise İzmir’de % 37,50; Manisa’da % 100; Bursa’da %
28,50; Sakarya’da % 44,44 ve Denizli’de % 24,30 olarak belirlenmiştir. Şiddetli epidemi görülen bahçelerden alınan
hastalıklı bitki örneklerinde yapılan klasik ve moleküler tanılama testleri
sonucunda klasik tanılamada E. amylovora
olduğu belirlenen izolatlardan bir tanesinin, moleküler tanılamada istenilen
uzunlukta bant vermemesi, ateş yanıklığı hastalığına benzer belirti gösteren
bakteriyel kanser ve yanıklık etmeni Pseudomonas
syringae pv. syringae gibi
farklı bakteriyel etmenlerin de ayva plantasyonlarında bulunduğunu göstermiş ve
yapılan tanılama çalışmalarının moleküler yöntemlerle desteklenmesi
gerekliliğini ön plana çıkarmıştır. İzolatların hastalık şiddeti % 0-83,33 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Bununla
birlikte, 211, 217 ve 223 no’lu izolatlar % 83,33 hastalık şiddeti ve E. amylovora için karakteristik olan
bakteriyel eksudat oluşumu ile öne çıkmıştır. Üreticilerle yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda,
hastalığın bazı bölgelere budama uygulamalarıyla giriş yaptığı ve hızla yayılım
gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bursa’da “Eşme”, Sakarya’da “Limon”, Denizli’de
her iki çeşidinde yaygın olarak yetiştirildiği, “Ege 22” çeşidinin, ise
İzmir’de son yıllarda önem kazandığı ve hastalık şiddetinin diğer çeşitlere göre daha düşük olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Araştırma bulguları sonucunda, duyarlı çeşitlerin yetiştirildiği bölgelerde,
hastalık şiddeti ve oranının daha yüksek olduğu kanısına varılmıştır. Yeni plantasyonların tolerant çeşitlerle tesis
edilmesine özen gösterilmesi, budama araç gereçlerinin çok iyi dezenfekte
edilmesi ve budanan hastalıklı sürgünlerin imha edilmesi gibi kültürel
önlemlerle hastalığa karşı mücadele edilmesi gerekmektedir.
Utilizing a Low-Carbohydrate/High-Protein Diet to Improve Metabolic Health in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (DISH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yarar-Fisher Ceren , Li Jia , McLain Amie , Gower Barbara , Oster Robert , Morrow Casey 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Metabolic disorders (e.g., impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes) are more prevalent in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) vs. able-bodied individuals. Dietary modification is a more cost-effective treatment option than pharmacological therapies for reducing the risk of metabolic dysfunction. Lowering carbohydrate, increasing protein, and maintaining a proper dietary fat intake are expected to induce favorable adaptations in glucose control, body fat distribution, and the composition of gut microbiome. However, dietary modification has not been rigorously investigated in people with SCI. The purpose of this study is to determine if an 8-week low-carbohydrate/high-protein (LC/HP) dietary intervention will show improvements in clinically important metrics of metabolic function, body composition, the composition of gut bacteria, and quality of life.

Methods/design

We intend to recruit 100 participants with chronic traumatic SCI (3 years post-injury, C5-L2, AIS A-D, and 18-65 yr) and insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance or untreated type 2 diabetes and randomly assign them into an 8-week LC/HP dietary intervention group or a control group. The daily LC/HP dietary intervention includes ~30% total energy as protein (1.6 g/kg per day) with a carbohydrate-to-protein ratio <1.5 and fat intake set at ~30% of the total energy intake. The control group does not receive any dietary intervention and are continuing with their regular daily diets. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, body composition, gut microbiome composition, and quality of life measures are assessed at Week 1, before starting the LC/HP dietary intervention; and at Week 8, after completion of the LC/HP dietary intervention.

Discussion

New and impactful information to be derived from this project will result in the development of a low-cost, simple, self-administered LC/HP dietary intervention for improving metabolic function in individuals with chronic SCI, improved understanding of the composition of gut bacteria in SCI, and how an LC/HP dietary intervention alters gut bacteria composition. In addition, this project will improve our understanding of the relationship between metabolic function and quality of life in individuals with long-standing SCI.
Compressional behavior and spin state of δ-(Al,Fe)OOH at high pressures
Authors: Ohira Itaru , Jackson Jennifer M. , Solomatova Natalia V. , Sturhahn Wolfgang , Finkelstein Gregory J. , Kamada Seiji , Kawazoe Takaaki , Maeda Fumiya , Hirao Naohisa , Nakano Satoshi , Toellner Thomas S. , Suzuki Akio , Ohtani Eiji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHydrogen transport from the surface to the deep interior and distribution in the mantle are important in the evolution and dynamics of the Earth. An aluminum oxy-hydroxide, δ-AlOOH, might influence hydrogen transport in the deep mantle because of its high stability extending to lower mantle conditions. The compressional behavior and spin states of δ-(Al,Fe3+)OOH phases were investigated with synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy under high pressure and room temperature. Pressure-volume (P-V) profiles of the δ-(Al0.908(9)57Fe0.045(1))OOH1.14(3) [Fe/(Al+Fe) = 0.047(10), δ-Fe5] and the δ-(Al0.832(5)57Fe0.117(1))OOH1.15(3) [Fe/(Al+Fe) = 0.123(2), δ-Fe12] show that these hydrous phases undergo two distinct structural transitions involving changes in hydrogen bonding environments and a high- to low-spin crossover in Fe3+. A change of axial compressibility accompanied by a transition from an ordered (P21nm) to disordered hydrogen bond (Pnnm) occurs near 10 GPa for both δ-Fe5 and δ-Fe12 samples. Through this transition, the crystallographic a and b axes become stiffer, whereas the c axis does not show such a change, as observed in pure δ-AlOOH. A volume collapse due to a transition from high- to low-spin states in the Fe3+ ions is complete below 32–40 GPa in δ-Fe5 and δ-Fe12, which i ~10 GPa lower than that reported for pure ε-FeOOH. Evaluation of the Mössbauer spectra of δ-(Al0.824(10)57Fe0.126(4))OOH1.15(4) [Fe/(Al+Fe) = 0.133(3), δ-Fe13] also indicate a spin transition between 32–45 GPa. Phases in the δ-(Al,Fe)OOH solid solution with similar iron concentrations as those studied here could cause an anomalously high ρ/νΦ ratio (bulk sound velocity, defined as K/ρ at depths corresponding to the spin crossover region (~900 to ~1000 km depth), whereas outside the spin crossover region a low ρ/νΦ anomaly would be expected. These results suggest that the δ-(Al,Fe)OOH solid solution may play an important role in understanding the heterogeneous structure of the deep Earth.
Representação e Formação Cívica: Apoio às Políticas Públicas do Saneamento Básico
Authors: Marchi Cristina Maria Dacach Fernandez 
Published: May 2019

A Constituição brasileira apresenta uma nova configuração do planejamento e da gestão nas políticas públicas, estabelecendo mecanismos participativos nos processos decisórios. Este estudo se propõe a discutir a importância da participação social nos serviços de saneamento básico. Estudo descritivo, utiliza como método a pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o processo de institucionalização dos serviços de saneamento básico na Bahia, Brasil. Analisa o processo de descentralização e criação de espaços de participação social no estado da Bahia e apresenta o modelo adotado pelo Estado da Bahia para a implementação do Conselho Municipal das Cidades. Conclui que a pesquisa documental trouxe subsídios para a compreensão do estado da arte sobre a institucionalização dos serviços de saneamento básico na Bahia e para a divulgação de princípios importantes para participação cidadã. A realização de novos estudos é sugerida, visando disseminar a importância do engajamento cívico no apoio à efetividade das políticas públicas de saneamento básico.
Adapting for Survival
Authors: Lasmar Jorge Mascarenhas , Fonseca Guilherme Damasceno 
Published: May 2019

This article discusses the strategic shifts that the Islamic State (IS) has implemented in orderto survive, especially in what regards its propaganda and military tactics. We argue that – fora long time now and in both domains – the IS and its predecessors have been flexible andresilient enough to adapt to new realities on the ground being able to shape and reshape itsstrategy and tactics towards its enemies’ capabilities and policies. In terms of propaganda,despite a decrease of its online presence, the IS has struggled to adapt some of its mainnarratives to the new reality brought about by the beginning of the international coalition attacks. However, evidence seems to suggest that the group will likely be able to maintainits online relevance yet for some time. Regarding its military tactics in Syria and Iraq, historyand current evidence points to a return to its insurgent roots. This seems to be corroboratedby the group’s current increasing resort to terrorism and guerrilla tactics. Lastly, we arguethat it is still premature to either claim the rebirth of the IS or to declare its demise.
Non-hydrostatic modelling of shallow water flow around a circular array of emergent cylinders
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Jingxin , Liang Dongfang , Gan Lian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the investigation of the wake flow around a circular patch of cylinders with different solid volume fractions (SVF). The wake flow pattern was found to be dependent on the SVF and the flow stability factor S. A non-hydrostatic model was used to simulate the open channel flow through the cylinders. The turbulence was simulated using the SST (shear strain transport) k-ω turbulence model. The model was first validated against experimental data to ensure the accuracy of the numerical simulation. Then the local turbulent flow and the wake flow field structures were investigated by changing the SVF and the water depth. The spatial evolution of the wake flow behind the patch was analysed, and the correlation between the flow pattern and the wake flow stability was discussed. The cylinder-scale turbulence was intensive, even at low SVFs and low water depths. In contrast, the patch-scale turbulence in the wake was suppressed and the unsteady bubble wake was formed when the water depth decreased, which revealed the importance of the bed friction force to the flow pattern. The parameters S and SVF were adjusted to demonstrate their contributions to the formation of the different wake flow patterns.
iHyd-PseAAC (EPSV): Identifying Hydroxylation Sites in Proteins by Extracting Enhanced Position and Sequence Variant Feature via Chou's 5- Step Rule and General Pseudo Amino Acid Composition
Authors: Ehsan Asma , Mahmood Muhammad K. , Khan Yaser D. , Barukab Omar M. , Khan Sher A. , Chou Kuo-Chen 
Published: May 2019

Background:In various biological processes and cell functions, Post Translational Modifications (PTMs) bear critical significance. Hydroxylation of proline residue is one kind of PTM, which occurs following protein synthesis. The experimental determination of hydroxyproline sites in an uncharacterized protein sequence requires extensive, time-consuming and expensive tests.Methods:With the torrential slide of protein sequences produced in the post-genomic age, certain remarkable computational strategies are desired to overwhelm the issue. Keeping in view the composition and sequence order effect within polypeptide chains, an innovative in-silico predictor via a mathematical model is proposed.Results:Later, it was stringently verified using self-consistency, cross-validation and jackknife tests on benchmark datasets. It was established after a rigorous jackknife test that the new predictor values are superior to the values predicted by previous methodologies.Conclusion:This new mathematical technique is the most appropriate and encouraging as compared with the existing models.
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS DAN PERSENTASE PENUTUPAN KANOPI MANGROVE PULAU SALAWATI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN RAJA AMPAT PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Schaduw Joshian Nicolas William 
Published: May 2019

Mangrove adalah salah satu ekosistem penting yang berada dipulau kecil, perubahan kondisi pada ekosistem ini akan mempengaruhi produktivitas dari ekosistem terkait lainnya seperti padang lamun dan terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa struktur komunitas mangrove dan persentase penutupan kanopi yang ada di Pulau Salawati Kabupaten Kepulauan Raja Ampat, Provinsi Papua Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara berkala dari tahun 2016-2017, monitoring dari struktur komunitas dan persentase penutupan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan tingkat degradasi dari ekosistem mangrove. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah analisa struktur komunitas mangrove dan hemisperichal photography analysis. Pulau Salawati memiliki empat jenis mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata, R. apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Sonneratia alba) dengan kerapatan rata-rata 1254,3 ind/ha, persentase penutupan mangrove rata-rata sebesar 84,14% tahun 2016 dan 84,73% tahun 2017 atau meningkat 0,59%. Jenis mangrove yang mendominasi adalah jenis Rhizophora apiculata yang memiliki indeks nilai penting tertinggi. Stasiun 1 di Kampung Wamega mengalami penurunan persentase kanopi mangrove sebesar 8,62%, yang diakibatkan oleh penebangan pohon mangrove disekitar daerah penelitian. Kajian ini penting dilanjutkan secara berkala untuk memonitoring kondisi mangrove yang ada di Pulau Salawati dan pulau lainnya yang memiliki ekosistem mangrove.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PEMILIHAN METODE KONTRASEPSI (Kasus di Kecamatan Seberang Ulu I Kota Palembang)
Authors: Aryati Seri , Sukamdi Sukamdi , Widyastuti Dyah 
Published: May 2019

Trend in the use of contraceptive methods in Palembang city shows that injections and pills are the most dominant method used for family plan. Data from BKKBN of Palembang city in 2014 showed that injections and pills were the most widely used each has for 40% and 27%. Whereas according to the BKKBN is one of right way to limit births following the family planning program through the Long-Term Contraception Method (LTM) such as implants, Intra Uterine Device and Method of Operation.The purposes of this research are to know about the distribution of contraceptive used according to the type and to find out the factors that affect the selection method beetween the dominant long-term contraception and short-term by the woman of fertile ages. The methods used were survey research methods, techniques of data collection were by observation and interview using the questionnaire, the analytical techniques used were univariable (descriptive), bivariable (chi-square and t-test) and multivariable (logistic regression).The results of this study shows that use of injections remains a trend of the election method of contraception by woman of fertile ages in Palembang city. The gender of the child owned by fertile age couple became the dominant factor which influences the selection of long-term contraception method and Non LTM. This was proven by the result of the multivariate logistic regression statistical test with a significant value of 0,000 < 0,05.
Utilizando simulação computacional como estratégia de ensino: estudo de caso
Authors: Souza João Artur De , Dandolini Gertrudes Aparecida 
Published: May 2019

Este artigo descreve uma estratégia de ensino aprendizagem utilizando simulação computacional. A proposta é a utilização de software de matemática (como SCILAB ou MATLAB®) para realizar simulações de problemas de Engenharia. Nesteartigo, os alunos optaram por estudar o problema da ualidade na produção de cerâmica vermelha. Para isso, foram orientados a estudarem a teoria dos conjuntos difusos, sistemas especialistas e lógica de programação a fim de desenvolverem simulações através do software. Os primeiros resultados evidenciam que a estratégia pode de fato proporcionar uma aprendizagem significativa dos conceitos envolvidos no processo.