bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitroanti cancer, anti inflammatory and anti oxidant activity of Celery oil (Apium graveolens)-Myristic acid based microemulsion system: Characterization and Biomedical application
Authors: Govindaswamy Balaji , Ravikrishnan Bharathi , Panda Diptisree , Perumal Sarath 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlant based compounds are frequently modified, developed into drug components to treat different types of cancer. Celery is one of the most used ingredients in daily life, exhibits potential medicinal properties and myristic acid exhibits anti microbial and inflammatory properties making it ideal candidate for combinational therapy. This study demonstrates the formulation of celery oil-myristic acid based microemulsion system with sequence of weight/volume of components to optimize stable microemulsion. the sequence of formulations were performed, optimized through pseudo ternary phase diagram and stability analysis, of which CMA ME 4 formulation were observed to transparent and stable. This CMA ME 4 was analyzed using DLS for particle size which is found to be 14.0±27.1 and PDI 0.34±0.46 through 5th day to 30th day. In vitro drug release study has been performed with stimulated physiological condition (pH 5.6) and stimulated tumor tissue (pH 7.4), the microemulsion was withdrawn in time intervals and the kinetic model is constructed to detect the behaviour of the drug release profile. Further, anti inflammatory, anti diabetic and anti obesity assays were performed to analyse the potentiality of CMA ME 4 microemulsion formulation, where the results exhibited from 80 to 90% radical scavenging and inhibition compared with the synthetic drugs. A good cytotoxic activity of CMA ME 4 microemulsion was determined by positive results of the MTT assay performed with HeLa with 80 to 90% cell death, MCF7 with 80 to 90% cell death and HUVECs was used to determine the toxicity level when the microemulsion interacts with the normal cell which is found to be 80 to 90% cell viability over time. These findings more suitably suggest that combination of natural oil with synthetic components can be effective in treatment against diseases.
A comparison of sleep metrics from mid-thigh and low-back accelerometers to wrist based data using open-source algorithms
Authors: Passfield Geoffrey , Mackay Lisa , Crofts Catherine , Schofield Grant 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionWearable accelerometers are a valuable tool for monitoring sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity patterns within 24h time-use in free-living environments. While wrist-worn accelerometers are favoured for monitoring sleep, they do not accurately distinguish between sitting and lying positions (Narayanan et al., 2020). This study aims to determine whether back or thigh-mounted accelerometers yield sleep metrics comparable to wrist-worn devices using an open-source algorithm originally validated for the wrist.MethodsData from 20 healthy sleepers were collected using Axivity AX3 accelerometers. Participants wore accelerometers on their right thigh, low-back, and wrist for one night of sleep in their own bed. Sleep metrics were calculated using the van Hees algorithm through the GGIR package in R. The primary outcomes were: Total Sleep Time (TST), Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO), Awakenings (AWK), Sleep Efficiency (SE), Sleep Interval (SI) and Sleep Onset Timestamp (SOT). Within-subject ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc, Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland-Altman plots, and Cohen’s d were used to assess the comparability of sleep metrics between the body placements.ResultsData analysis included all 20 participants. Mid-thigh accelerometers demonstrated a strong linear relationship with wrist accelerometers across all metrics (r= 0.86-0.98). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated a narrow 95% confidence interval suggesting that wrist and mid-thigh metrics are in good agreement, except for AWK which is slightly underestimated by the mid-thigh device. Conversely, low-back accelerometers demonstrated moderate linear relationship with the wrist (r= 0.63-0.98) and the Bland-Altman results showed wide limits of agreement with significant overestimations of TST, SE, SI and underestimations of WASO, AWK, SOT. Cohen’s d demonstrated small differences between mid-thigh and wrist devices, except for AWK (d= 0.42). Low-back values for WASO, SE, and AWK showed moderate differences.ConclusionsThis analysis demonstrates that the mid-thigh accelerometer yields comparable sleep metrics to wrist-worn devices when processed with the van Hees algorithm.
Generation of a biosafety mouse model infection for SARS-CoV-2 replicon delivery particles
Authors: Li Yingjian , Huang Xiaoya , Deng Jikai , Tan Xue , Liu Qianyun , Zhou Li , Chen Yu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnimal models are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and for developing therapeutic strategies. Replicon delivery particles (RDPs) were a component of trans-complementary systems for SARS-CoV-2, which is a safe and convenient tool in researching SARS-CoV-2 in animal biosafety level-II laboratory (ABSL-2). Here, we constructed a mouse model that conditional expressing SARS-CoV-2 N on the background of the K18-hACE2 KI mice. The SARS-CoV-2 N with flanked loxP-stop-loxP sequence was under the CAG promoter, and this cassette was knocked into the Tiger locus of mouse by CRISPR-Cas9 (K18-hACE2-N KI). By mating K18-hACE2-N KI mice with Cre tool mice, the offspring can express SARS-CoV-2 N (Cre-N-hACE2 KI) systemically and in a tissue-specific manner. Cre-N-hACE2 KI exhibited susceptibility to the SARS-CoV-2 ΔN-GFP/HBiT infection. The viral loads in lung exhibited a mountain-like trend, peaking at 4 days post-infection, and lung injuries can be observed. Overall, we demonstrated a mouse model infection for SARS-CoV-2 ΔN-GFP/HBiT to understand SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
The stab resistance ofBombyx morisilk cocoons
Authors: Rehman Ateeq Ur , Koutsos Vasileios , Alam Parvez 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the mechanical response ofBombyx morisilk cocoons to knife stabbing, a simple but controlled way of simulating predaceous penetration. Here, we stab test both entire cocoons (EC) and cocoon wall segments (CWS) statically and dynamically, and note that the process can be broken down in three stages. The first stage involves material deflection, the second is knife penetration, and the third is knife perforation. We find that ca. 95 % of the kinetic energy is lost during the penetration stage. There are noticeable differences in strain between the equatorialand meridionaldirections before and after the stabbing of EC specimens (p < 0.001). The apparent area of the cocoon is noted to be on average 7 % lower after stabbing than it is prior to being stabbed (p < 0.01). We find that while compression of the cocoon from stabbing results in equatorial expansion (with a Poisson’s ratio,ν= 0.25), in the meridional direction the cocoon contracts (ν= −0.05) thus showing auxetic behaviour. Force-deflection curves are different in CWS specimens as compared to EC specimens, and this is attributable to natural curvatures in CWS specimens remaining even after a being flattened for mounting and testing. Differences between EC and CWS specimens are also noticeable in the sizes of the stab footprints, with EC samples exhibiting 33 % smaller footprints than CWS samples (p < 0.001). We conclude that testing whole cocoon structures provides a more accurate understanding of their properties as compared to cut and flattened structures. This is because flattening cocoon wall specimens induces delamination and multiple failure zones, reducing the natural stab resistance of the material.
Anti-HIV-1 Effect of the Fluoroquinolone Enoxacin and Modulation of Pro-viral hsa-miR-132 Processing
Authors: Schlösser Verena , Lightfoot Helen Louise , Leemann Christine , Bejoy Aathma Merin , Tiwari Shashank , Schloßhauer Jeffrey L. , Vongrad Valentina , Brunschweiger Andreas , Hall Jonathan , Metzner Karin J. , Imig Jochen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite tremendous advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) against HIV-1 infections no cure or vaccination is available. Therefore, discovering novel therapeutic strategies remains an urgent need. In that sense, miRNAs and miRNA therapeutics have moved intensively into the focus of recent HIV-1 related investigations. A strong reciprocal interdependence has been demonstrated between HIV-1 infection and changes of the intrinsic cellular miRNA milieu. This interrelationship may direct potential alterations of the host cells’ environment beneficial for the virus or its suppression of replication. Whether this tightly balanced and controlled battle can be exploited therapeutically, remains to be further addressed. In this context, the fluoroquinolone antibiotic Enoxacin has been demonstrated as a potent modulator of miRNA processing. Here, we test the hypothesis that this applies also to selected HIV-1 related miRNAs.MethodsWe studied the effect of Enoxacin on HIV-1 replication coupled with miRNA qRT-PCR analysis of HIV-1 related miRNAs in CEM-SS and MT-4 T-cells. The effects of miRNA mimic transfections combined with Enoxacin treatment on HIV-1 replication were assessed. Finally, we employed anin vitroDICER1 cleavage assay to study the effects of Enoxacin on a pro-HIV-1 miRNA hsa-miR-132 processing.ResultsWe established that Enoxacin, but not the structurally similar compound nalidixic acid, exhibits strong anti-HIV-1 effects in the T-cell line CEM-SS, but not MT-4. We provide experimental data that this effect of Enoxacin is partly attributed to the specific downregulation of mature hsa-miR-132-3p, but not other pro- or anti-HIV-1 miRNAs, which is likely due to affecting DICER1 processing.ConclusionsOur findings show an anti-retroviral activity of Enoxacin at least in part by downregulation of hsa-miR-132-3p, which may be relevant for future antiviral therapeutic applications by modulation of the RNA interference pathway.
Analysis of the high-order conformational changes in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase induced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, adenosine triphosphate, and oxidants
Authors: Suzuki Himari , Makiyama Yuki Nicole , Watanabe Yuta , Akutsu Hideo , Tajiri Michiko , Motoda Yoko , Akagi Ken-ichi , Konuma Tsuyoshi , Akashi Satoko , Ikegami Takahisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) catalyzes the sixth step of glycolysis. As a moonlighting protein, GAPDH interacts with other molecules, seemingly unrelated to glycolysis, to exert additional functions, such as inducing apoptosis. However, specific mechanisms underlying these interactions remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by analyzing human and porcine GAPDHs based on their three-dimensional (3D) structures using various biophysical techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel filtration chromatography, and thermal shift assay. Although GAPDH became unstable when nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) was removed (apostate), the 3D structure of the tetramer was maintained regardless of the temperature. However, in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), GAPDH split into dimers at low temperatures, exposing the interface between the dimers and increasing the flexibility of the side chains at the site. Moreover, subunit splitting also occurred upon exposure to oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide. These findings suggest that GAPDH maintains a stable tetramer in the presence of NAD+but becomes unstable and easily oxidized upon NAD+depletion. When multiple residues, including those other than the cysteine residue at the active site, are oxidized by reactive oxygen species or nitric oxide, or when it interacts with ATP, GAPDH splits into dimers. This subunit splitting may trigger interactions with other molecules.
Newly discovered and conserved role of IgM against viral infection in an early vertebrate
Authors: Kong Weiguang , Wang Xinyou , Ding Guangyi , Yang Peng , Shi Yong , Cai Chang , Yang Xinyi , Cheng Gaofeng , Takizawa Fumio , Xu Zhen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIgM emerged in jawed vertebrates 500 Mya and remains the most evolutionarily conserved antibody class. However, despite extensive studies on IgM as an ancient antiviral weapon in warm-blooded vertebrates, its role and mechanisms in combating viral infections in early vertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, we found that significant virus-specific sIgM titers were generated in serum and gut mucus of teleost fish that survived infection, and fish lacking sIgM were more susceptible to viral infection. These results challenge the paradigm that IgM and IgT are specialized to systemic and mucosal immunity, respectively. More crucially, we discovered a previously unknown role of sIgM in viral neutralization and clarified the mechanism through which teleost sIgM blocks viral infection by directly targeting viral particles. From an evolutionary perspective, our findings indicate that both primitive and modern sIgM adhere to conserved principles in the development of specialized antiviral immunity.
Structural unification of diverse membrane-bound acyltransferases reveals a conserved fold that defines the Transmembrane Acyl Transferase (TmAT) superfamily
Authors: Kinniment-Williams Bethan E. , Jurgeleviciute Vytaute , Herman Reyme , Blaza James N. , van der Woude Marjan W. , Thomas Gavin H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe movement of acyl groups across biological membranes is essential for many cellular processes. One major family of proteins catalysing this reaction are the acyl transferase family 3 (AT3) proteins, which form a pore to allow acyl-CoA to penetrate the membrane for transfer onto an extracytosolic acceptor molecule. Recent structures of the sequence-unrelated human heparan-α-glucosaminideN-acetyltransferase (HGSNAT) support a similar transmembrane acyl-group transfer mechanism. Here we demonstrate that both protein families contain a conserved 10-transmembrane helical fold with high structural and detectable sequence conservation around the acyl-CoA pore, supporting the previously proposed Transmembrane Acyl Transferase (TmAT) protein superfamily. In addition, we identify TmAT proteins, including the human Golgi sialate-O-acetyltransferase (CASD1), the human/fungal PIG-W/GWT1 enzymes and the bacterial vancomycin resistance protein VanTG, where the TmAT domain’s function has been largely unrecognised. We conclude that the TmAT fold represents an ancient architecture for transmembrane acyl-group transfer with important roles in the dynamic modification of glycans in diverse processes across the three domains of life.
Sustainable human resource management and sustainable performance: mediating role of organization citizenship behavior
Authors: Tarkar Preeti , Kumar Kishore 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the influence of sustainable human resource management (SHRM) policies on sustainability performance of higher education institutions (HEIs). Furthermore, this study also examined the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior toward sustainability (OCBS) between SHRM and HEIs’ sustainability performance. The ability motivation opportunity (AMO) and stakeholder theories are used to conceptualize the model.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from 162 academic staff of 12 government and private universities in India by using snowball sampling method. The partial least square structured equation modeling technique was used to analyze the data.

Findings
The overall results suggest that SHRM, such as sustainability motivation, sustainability-building practices, green employee engagement initiatives and social considerations, significantly impact OCBS among academic staff and the sustainability performance of HEIs. These findings provide a better understanding of how to improve the sustainability performance of HEIs through SHRM and OCBS among academic staff.

Originality/value
This study significantly extends the growing literature on SHRM and sustainability performance by focusing on sustainable HR practices in the HEIs. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to empirically investigate SHRM and sustainability performance in the context of education sector in India.
Tracing the path to sustainable governance: CSR committees as mediators of board impact on ESG performance in the MENA region
Authors: Kateb Ines , Alahdal Waleed M. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aims to explore the mediating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) committees in the relationship between board characteristics and environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance, specifically within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a panel of 178 firms spanning 2015–2022, the analysis uses Baron and Kenny’s (1986) mediation approach, supplemented by structural equation modeling (SEM) path analysis for robustness.

Findings
The findings demonstrate that CSR committees play a significant mediating role in the impact of board size, expertise and gender diversity on ESG performance. Furthermore, the study confirms the direct, positive influence of both board characteristics and the presence of CSR committees on ESG performance, underscoring their strategic importance in fostering sustainability in this regional context.

Practical implications
The findings highlight the strategic importance of diversifying and enhancing board skills to improve ESG performance. Companies are encouraged to recalibrate their governance frameworks to leverage the mediating influence of CSR committees and promote sustainable business practices.

Social implications
By demonstrating the positive effect of CSR committees on ESG performance, this study aligns with global trends in responsible business conduct and highlights the importance of corporate governance in addressing environmental and social challenges. This alignment is critical for achieving sustainable development goals and reinforcing stakeholder trust in the region.

Originality/value
This research provides novel empirical insights into the mediating effect of CSR committees within the MENA region, offering a unique contribution to the discourse on corporate governance and sustainability. By highlighting region-specific governance dynamics that shape ESG outcomes, it deepens the understanding of effective governance practices.
Accident cause analysis for lifting prefabricated components of assembled buildings based on hybrid simulation technology from human factor perspective
Authors: Shi Xiaobo , Fu Kangbo , Qiao Yaning , Santos João , Yuan Zhenmin 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the characteristics of lifting accidents and the significance of influencing factors and explain the causes from the perspective of human factors, thereby achieving a more accurate understanding of and prevention of lifting accidents.Design/methodology/approachA mixed simulation model for prefabricated component lifting is established by combining discrete event simulation (DES) with the system dynamics (SD) method. In addition, essential parameters and relationships within the system dynamics model are determined through survey questionnaires. Finally, the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) is used to analyze the cause of the accident.FindingsThe results show that workers falling from height and workers struck by objects are the most frequent types of lifting accidents. In 2072 experiments, these two types of accidents occurred three and five times, respectively. Besides, the links of “crane movement,” “component binding,” “component placement” and “component unhooking” are particularly prone to lifting accidents. In addition, the completeness of emergency plans, failure to observe the status of the tower crane and lack of safety education and training have emerged as primary influencing factors contributing to the occurrence of lifting accidents.Originality/valueThe findings of the study can serve as a reference basis for practitioners, enabling them to preemptively identify possible risk accidents and adopt corresponding measures to prevent them, ensuring the safety and property of practitioners. Additionally, targeted suggestions and innovative ideas are provided to enhance the safety guarantee of the lifting industry and promote its healthy and stable development through a more concrete theoretical foundation and practical guidance.
Mass layoffs at BYJU’S – founder’s dilemma
Authors: Saldanha Avil , Aranha Rekha 
Published: November 2024

Learning outcomes
This case study provides students/managers an opportunity to learn about the following: to infer the challenges involved in the downsizing of employees; to asses and evaluate BYJU’S organizational culture; and to determine the impact of workplace toxicity.

Case overview/synopsis
The focus of this case is the controversy faced by BYJU’S due to its mass layoffs and toxic work culture. This case discusses the CEO’s dilemma in resolving the controversy. Two rounds of mass layoffs at BYJU’S are discussed in detail. The industrial dispute filed by Employees Union against BYJU’S accusing it of denying due compensation to laid-off employees is also discussed. This case consists of a section explaining the toxic work culture at BYJU’S, which is supported by employee complaints. The CEO’s justification and apology have been illustrated in this case. The case ends with a closing dilemma and challenges faced by the CEO.

Complexity academic level
The case is best suited for undergraduate students studying Human Resources Management subjects in Commerce and Business Management streams. The authors suggest that the instructor inform students to read the case before attending the 90-min session. It can be executed in the classroom after discussing the theoretical concepts.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
Technical efficiency, combination of innovation strategies and group membership
Authors: Guisado-González Manuel , González-Blanco Jennifer , Rodríguez-Domínguez María del Mar 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis research aims to study the impact that the interaction between internal R&D and R&D cooperation has on the technical efficiency of firms, as well as to analyse whether firms belonging to a group achieve any additional level of technical efficiency.Design/methodology/approachWe employ the stochastic frontier version of a knowledge production function, particularly the inefficiency model, and we combine the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and the complementarity approach.FindingsThe interaction between internal R&D and R&D cooperation has a positive and significant impact on technical efficiency when the complementarity test is applied between companies belonging to a group, and there is no interaction when they do not belong to a group.Practical implicationsKnowing this type of information in advance is critical for managers and policymakers, as it allows them to avoid undesirable combinations of innovation strategies or contexts not favourable for their implementation, as well as the formulation of policies leading to an efficient allocation of public resources.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper contributes an original approach in evaluating the complementarity of internal R&D and R&D cooperation from the perspective of technical efficiency and group membership, combining the SFA and the complementarity approach.