bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low molecular‐weight fucoidan protects against hindlimb ischemic injury in type 2 diabetic mice through enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Xiaoping , You Hongjie , Xue Jingyi , Cai Dayong , Zheng Yuanyuan , Xu Yang , Luo Dali 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) complications are associated with ischemic injury. Angiogenesis is a therapeutic strategy for diabetic foot. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible angiogenic effect of low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) in diabetic peripheral arterial disease (PAD).MethodsDiabetic db/db mice and age‐matched C57BL/6 mice underwent femoral artery ligation followed by LMWF (30, 60, 80 mg/kg per day, p.o.) or cilostazol (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.) treatment for 6 weeks. Endothelium‐dependent vasodilation and blood flow of the hindlimb were measured. Histological and western blot analyses of CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), eNOS, and inflammatory factors in the gastrocnemius were performed. The effects of LMWF were confirmed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).ResultsDiabetic mice with ligation exhibited hindlimb ulceration, hydrosarca, and necrosis, increased expression of inflammatory factors, and decreased levels of VEGF and eNOS phosphorylation. Treatment with LMWF markedly ameliorated foot lesions, suppressed expression of inflammatory factors, and improved plantar perfusion by promoting endothelium‐dependent vasodilation and revascularization in diabetic PAD mice. In high‐glucose treated HUVEC, LMWF (40 μg/mL) reversed blunted endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation, and promoted eNOS phosphorylation and VEGF expression, whereas HUVEC pretreatment with 100 μmol/L NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester, an eNOS antagonist, markedly inhibited the effects of LMWF.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that LMWF alleviates hindlimb ischemic damage, at least in part by promoting eNOS phosphorylation, nitric oxide production, and VEGF expression, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis in the ischemic region.
Between a Carrot and a Stick: Science Diplomacy and Access to EU Research Funding
Authors: Leese Matthias 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article engages the EU's approach to science diplomacy through the case of the Swiss ‘mass migration initiative’ in 2014. The legislative proposal, legally binding through its adoption by Swiss voters, obliged the Swiss government to take sovereign control over migration management, thereby preventing the ratification of the ‘Croatia Protocol’ that would have, through the EU regime of free movement of persons and the bilateral treaties between Switzerland and the EU, granted Croatian citizens free movement to Switzerland. As the refusal to ratify the protocol effectively undercut the bilateral treaties, the EU Commission in turn used the Swiss participation in the European research funding framework Horizon 2020 as leverage to enforce Swiss compliance to the bilateral treaties. This eventually compelled the Swiss government to ratify the Croatia Protocol despite the domestic legal clash with the ‘mass migration initiative’ proposal. Conceptually, the article turns the attention to contradicting policy goals in an emerging EU science diplomacy framework, and shows how science diplomacy in the conflict around the Croatia Protocol got stuck between a liberal ‘carrot’ and a realist ‘stick’.
Mice with reduced expression of the telomere‐associated protein Ft1 develop p53‐sensitive progeroid traits
Authors: La Torre Mattia , Merigliano Chiara , Burla Romina , Mottini Carla , Zanetti Giorgia , Del Giudice Simona , Carcuro Mariateresa , Virdia Ilaria , Bucciarelli Elisabetta , Manni Isabella , Vinciguerra Gianluca Rampioni , Piaggio Giulia , Riminucci Mara , Cumano Ana , Bartolazzi Armando , Vernì Fiammetta , Soddu Silvia , Gatti Maurizio , Saggio Isabella 
Published: April 2018

SummaryHuman AKTIP and mouse Ft1 are orthologous ubiquitin E2 variant proteins involved in telomere maintenance and DNA replication. AKTIP also interacts with A‐ and B‐type lamins. These features suggest that Ft1 may be implicated in aging regulatory pathways. Here, we show that cells derived from hypomorph Ft1 mutant (Ft1kof/kof) mice exhibit telomeric defects and that Ft1kof/kof animals develop progeroid traits, including impaired growth, skeletal and skin defects, abnormal heart tissue, and sterility. We also demonstrate a genetic interaction between Ft1 and p53. The analysis of mice carrying mutations in both Ft1 and p53 (Ft1kof/kof; p53ko/ko and Ft1kof/kof; p53+/ko) showed that reduction in p53 rescues the progeroid traits of Ft1 mutants, suggesting that they are at least in part caused by a p53‐dependent DNA damage response. Conversely, Ft1 reduction alters lymphomagenesis in p53 mutant mice. These results identify Ft1 as a new player in the aging process and open the way to the analysis of its interactions with other progeria genes using the mouse model.
Managing an endangered species: Palliative care for the pallid sturgeon
Authors: ERRINGTON FREDERICK , GEWERTZ DEBORAH 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe pallid sturgeon, formally listed in the United States as endangered since 1990, remains in trouble. Evolving in a free‐flowing Missouri River, this ancient fish finds itself imperiled by a system of dams regulated by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The USACE must now confront the “wicked problem” of adjusting its envirotechnical regime of water management to address not only human economic interests but also antithetical fish‐focused imperatives. To achieve a convincing balance, the USACE musters an array of bureaucratic practices that are seemingly beyond criticism. Through such practices, especially as publically performed at the quarterly meetings of the Missouri River Recovery Implementation Committee, the USACE affirms both itself and the envirotechnical system it incarnates as the best the fish can expect. [bureaucracy, envirotechnical regimes, endangered species, “wicked problem,” pallid sturgeon, Missouri River, United States]
Poor prognosis of bladder cancer patients with occult lymph node metastases treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Cha Eugene K. , Sfakianos John P. , Sukhu Ranjit , Yee Alyssa M. , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Bochner Bernard H. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo characterise the outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) pre‐treated patients found to be lymph node (LN)‐positive at the time of radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (RC/PLND) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).Patients and MethodsOf 1484 patients treated with RC/PLND for UCB from 2000 to 2010, we analysed 198 patients with clinically non‐metastatic (cN0M0) muscle‐invasive UCB who were found to be LN‐positive at RC/PLND. As patients not receiving perioperative chemotherapy were significantly older and comorbid, we compared LN‐positive patients previously treated with NAC (32 patients) to LN‐positive patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (AC, 49 patients) using Cox proportional hazards models. A sensitivity analysis was designed to account for the additional time to RC in NAC patients.ResultsThe 3‐year recurrence‐free survival estimate for LN‐positive NAC patients was 26%, compared with 60% for LN‐positive AC patients. LN‐positive patients treated with NAC had significantly higher risks of disease recurrence and cancer‐specific mortality in univariate analyses (hazard ratio [HR] 2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58–5.19, P = 0.001 and HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.34–4.65, P = 0.004, respectively) and multivariable analyses adjusting for pathological stage and LN density (HR 3.11, 95% CI 1.59–6.07, P = 0.001 and HR 3.05, 95% CI 1.46–6.35, P = 0.003, respectively). Sensitivity analyses similarly demonstrated worse outcomes for NAC pre‐treated LN‐positive patients.ConclusionLN‐positive patients previously treated with NAC have a poor prognosis, significantly worse than LN‐positive patients subsequently treated with AC, and should be considered for protocols using sandwich chemotherapy approaches or novel agents. These results should be considered in the interpretation of and stratification for clinical trials.
A one‐step method for modelling longitudinal data with differential equations
Authors: Hu Yueqin , Treinen Raymond 
Published: April 2018

Differential equation models are frequently used to describe non‐linear trajectories of longitudinal data. This study proposes a new approach to estimate the parameters in differential equation models. Instead of estimating derivatives from the observed data first and then fitting a differential equation to the derivatives, our new approach directly fits the analytic solution of a differential equation to the observed data, and therefore simplifies the procedure and avoids bias from derivative estimations. A simulation study indicates that the analytic solutions of differential equations (ASDE) approach obtains unbiased estimates of parameters and their standard errors. Compared with other approaches that estimate derivatives first, ASDE has smaller standard error, larger statistical power and accurate Type I error. Although ASDE obtains biased estimation when the system has sudden phase change, the bias is not serious and a solution is also provided to solve the phase problem. The ASDE method is illustrated and applied to a two‐week study on consumers’ shopping behaviour after a sale promotion, and to a set of public data tracking participants’ grammatical facial expression in sign language. R codes for ASDE, recommendations for sample size and starting values are provided. Limitations and several possible expansions of ASDE are also discussed.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF BETAS IN PRESENCE OF NONTRADED ASSETS
Authors: Hur Seok‐Kyun , Chung Chune Young 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThis study considers a capital assets pricing model (CAPM) in an incomplete financial market wherein not all risky assets are traded and the risk from non‐traded assets is not orthogonal to that of the existing or traded assets. The model shows the extent of the divergence of the CAPM betas (true betas) from the traditional CAPM betas (perceived betas) in market equilibrium conditions in an incomplete market. Specifically, it implies that the more incomplete a financial market is, the wider is the discrepancy between the true and perceived betas, and the distribution of the perceived betas tends to centre more around 1 in an incomplete market than that of true betas. Empirical evidence in various settings support these results.
Dirty Work, Dirty Resistance: Digital Warfare in the Era of Precarious Labor
Authors: Johnston Matthew S. , Sanscartier Matthew D. , Johnston Genevieve 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis qualitative content analysis of 723 anonymous reviews of 60 Canadian food service employers, posted on RateMyEmployer.ca, explores how digital spaces publically circulate precarious workers’ resistances and management of occupational stigma. We introduce to literature on “dirty work” the concept of socioeconomic hygiene, which identifies a particular kind of social and moral order within which the positions of the subordinated are naturalized between the socially and morally “clean” and “unclean.”
Effects of the two types of anorexia nervosa (binge eating/purging and restrictive) on bone metabolism in female patients
Authors: Maïmoun Laurent , Guillaume Sébastien , Lefebvre Patrick , Bertet Helena , Seneque Maude , Philibert Pascal , Picot Marie‐Christine , Dupuy Anne‐Marie , Paris Françoise , Gaspari Laura , Ben Bouallègue Fayçal , Courtet Philippe , Mariano‐Goulart Denis , Renard Eric , Sultan Charles 
Published: April 2018

SummaryObjectiveThis study compared the profiles of the two types of anorexia nervosa (AN; restrictive: AN‐R, and binge eating/purging: AN‐BP) in terms of body composition, gynaecological status, disease history and the potential effects on bone metabolism.DesignTwo hundred and eighty‐six women with AN (21.8 ± 6.5 years; 204 AN‐R and 82 AN‐BP) and 130 age‐matched controls (CON; 22.6 ± 6.8 years) were enrolled. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was determined using DXA and resting energy expenditure (REE) was indirectly assessed using calorimetry. Markers of bone formation (osteocalcin [OC], procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide [PINP] and resorption (type I‐C telopeptide breakdown products [CTX]) and leptin were concomitantly evaluated.ResultsAnorexia nervosa patients presented an alteration in aBMD and bone turnover. When compared according to type, AN‐BP were older than AN‐R and showed less severe undernutrition, lower CTx levels, longer duration of AN, and higher REE levels and aBMD at radius and lumbar spine. After adjustment for age, weight and hormonal contraceptive use, the aBMD and CTx differences disappeared. In both AN groups, aBMD was positively correlated with anthropometric parameters and negatively correlated with durations of AN and amenorrhoea, the bone formation markers (OC and PINP) and the leptin/fat mass ratio. REE was positively correlated with aBMD in AN‐R patients only.ConclusionsThis study shows the profiles of AN patients according to AN type. However, the impact of the profile characteristics on bone status, although significant, was minor and disappeared after multiple adjustments. The positive correlation between REE and aBMD reinforces the concept that energy disposal and bone metabolism are strongly interdependent.
“It's the Amazon World”: Small‐Scale Farmers on an Entrepreneurial Treadmill
Authors: McKee Emily 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFrom the vantage point of northern Illinois, this article considers how the availability of organic, heirloom, and other specialty foods through a wider variety of grocery stores and online venues is affecting local food systems. Farmers concerned about these new forms of competition develop coping strategies to woo customers, but many of these strategies demand new skill sets and drain farmers’ time and resources away from the fields. How sustainable are local food systems when small‐scale farmers must be not only skilled producers, but marketing gurus, gregarious spokespeople, and public educators as well? More contextually grounded qualitative and mixed‐methods research is needed to help local food advocates and farmers understand and ease this entrepreneurial treadmill. [local food systems, direct market agriculture, small‐scale farmers, competition, United States]
Species’ thermal ranges predict changes in reef fish community structure during 8 years of extreme temperature variation
Authors: Day Paul B. , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Edgar Graham J. , Bates Amanda E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo assess whether observed thermal bounds in species’ latitudinal ranges (i.e., realized thermal niches) can be used to predict patterns of occurrence and abundance changes observed during a marine heatwave, relative to other important life history and functional traits.LocationRottnest Island, Western Australia.MethodsA time series of standardized quantitative surveys of reef fishes spanning 8 years of pronounced ocean temperature change is used to test whether accurate predictions on shifts in species occupancy and abundance are possible using species traits.ResultsSpecies‐level responses in occurrence and abundance were closely related to the mid‐point of their realized thermal niche, more so than body size, range size or trophic level. Most of the species that disappeared from survey counts during the heatwave were characterized by geographic ranges that did not extend to latitudes with temperatures equivalent to the ocean temperature peak during the heatwave. We thus find support for the hypothesis that current distribution limits are set directly or indirectly by temperature and are highly responsive to ocean temperature variability.Main conclusionsOur study shows that reef fish community structure can change very quickly when exposed to extreme thermal anomalies, in directions predicted from the realized thermal niche of the species present. Such predictions can thus identify species that will be most responsive to changing ocean climate. Continued warming, coupled with periodic extreme heat events, may lead to the loss of ecosystem services and ecological functions, as mobile species relocate to more hospitable climes, while less mobile species may head towards extinction.
Internet gaming disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Paulus Frank W , Ohmann Susanne , von Gontard Alexander , Popow Christian 
Published: April 2018

AimInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is a serious disorder leading to and maintaining pertinent personal and social impairment. IGD has to be considered in view of heterogeneous and incomplete concepts. We therefore reviewed the scientific literature on IGD to provide an overview focusing on definitions, symptoms, prevalence, and aetiology.MethodWe systematically reviewed the databases ERIC, PsyARTICLES, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and PubMed for the period January 1991 to August 2016, and additionally identified secondary references.ResultsThe proposed definition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition provides a good starting point for diagnosing IGD but entails some disadvantages. Developing IGD requires several interacting internal factors such as deficient self, mood and reward regulation, problems of decision‐making, and external factors such as deficient family background and social skills. In addition, specific game‐related factors may promote IGD. Summarizing aetiological knowledge, we suggest an integrated model of IGD elucidating the interplay of internal and external factors.InterpretationSo far, the concept of IGD and the pathways leading to it are not entirely clear. In particular, long‐term follow‐up studies are missing. IGD should be understood as an endangering disorder with a complex psychosocial background.What this paper adds

In representative samples of children and adolescents, on average, 2% are affected by Internet gaming disorder (IGD).

The mean prevalences (overall, clinical samples included) reach 5.5%.

Definitions are heterogeneous and the relationship with substance‐related addictions is inconsistent.

Many aetiological factors are related to the development and maintenance of IGD.

This review presents an integrated model of IGD, delineating the interplay of these factors.
Trophic overlap between non‐native brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) and native shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) in shallow lakes
Authors: Collier Kevin J. , Pingram Michael A. , Francis Laura , Garrett‐Walker Jeremy , Melchior Michele 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe quantified trophic overlap between the invasive, non‐native catfish brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) and the New Zealand native shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) in four peat and riverine lakes using stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and gut content analyses. Across all lakes and fish sizes over the austral spring–summer period, shortfin eel guts were dominated numerically by fish prey (57% occurrence cf 42% in brown bullhead), while Diptera larvae were most commonly encountered in guts of brown bullhead (45% cf 14% in eels). Significant differences in % composition of animal contents in guts were detected between fish species and sampling occasions (n = 4) but not between lakes. In contrast, stable isotope signatures of brown bullhead and shortfin eel did differ significantly between lakes but not between sampling occasions, indicating enduring sources of nutrition despite apparently differing ingestion patterns over time. The R mixing model MixSIAR indicated that shortfins likely assimilated higher proportions of fish prey carbon compared to brown bullheads, which appeared to show greater assimilation of invertebrates, consistent with the results of gut content analyses. Isotopic niche regions, calculated in nicheROVER using probabilistic ellipses, indicated that shortfin eels occupied at least c.60% of brown bullhead trophic niche, which occupied less than 30% of eel trophic niche in all but one lake. These estimates suggest that brown bullhead has higher potential to influence shortfin eel nutrition than vice versa, or that a broad trophic niche occupied by eels provides resilience to the effects of overlapping consumption patterns with invasive omnivores.
Transcriptome changes and its effect on physiological and metabolic processes in tea plant during mechanical damage
Authors: Li X. , Lin Y. , Zhao S. , Zhao X. , Geng Z. , Yuan Z. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMechanical damage affects tea plant growth and the quality of tea‐leaf products. However, data on the wound response of tea leaves at the transcriptome level remain scarce. In this study, the transcriptome of wound‐induced tea leaves was analysed by RNA‐Seq and some of their secondary metabolites were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technology. The results showed that 129610 non‐redundant transcripts and 60361 unigenes were obtained, of which 100834 transcripts (77.80% of all transcripts) were annotated by sequence similarity searching against public databases and 28776 transcripts could be potentially new genes or novel transcripts from selective splicing. A total of 19214 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were selected from the data set. DET functions involved various physiological and molecular biological processes in tea plant including various transcripts encoding protease inhibitors (PIs), pathogenesis‐related proteins (PRs) and enzymes related to catechin, caffeine and terpenoid metabolic pathways. Moreover, the contents of some polyphenols and caffeine were also validated in tea leaves after an increase in wounding. The transcriptome analysis revealed a reprogramming process in tea plants during wounding that involved various physiological and molecular biological processes, which can increase the resistance of plants against biotic and abiotic stress and affect the quality of tea‐leaf products. Our results not only provide systematic insight into the defence responses in tea plants during mechanical damage, but also are beneficial for the scientific cultivation of tea.
Movement‐based seizure detection
Authors: Arends Johan B. A. M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis is a critical review and comment on the use of movement detection in epileptic seizures. The detection of rhythmic movement components, such as the clonic part of tonic–clonic seizures, is essential in all seizure detection based on movement sensors. Of the many available movement sensor types, accelerometric sensors are used most often. Eleven video‐electroencephalographic (EEG) and 1 field study have been carried out. The results of these clinical trials depend on the population, study design, and seizure evolution. In video‐EEG monitoring units, sensitivity for tonic–clonic seizures varied from 31% to 95%, and positive predictive value from 4% to 60%. In a field trial in a residential adult population with intellectual disability, sensitivity was 14% and positive predictive value was 82%, whereas in patients admitted to an epilepsy clinic, a bed sensor had a sensitivity of 84% (no positive predictive value was given). The algorithms using the “rhythmic movement” component at the end of a tonic–clonic seizure are reliable (few false‐positive alarms) but miss less typical seizure patterns that are mostly present in people with associated brain development disturbances. Other modalities (heart rate and electromyography) are needed to increase the detection performance. Advanced accelerometric techniques allow us to gain greater insight into seizure evolution patterns, possibilities for neuromodulation, and the influence of antiepileptic drugs on specific seizure components.