bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO study) in Brazil: Assessment of the psychosocial effects of haemophilia in patients and caregivers
Authors: Lorenzato Claudia S. , Santos Rafael B. , Fagundes Gabriel Z. Z. , Ozelo Margareth C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe international Haemophilia Experiences, Results and Opportunities (HERO) study assessed the psychosocial aspects of life for people with haemophilia (PWH) and their caregivers in several countries. Brazil was not included in this initiative.Aim and methodsAn observational, multicentre, cross‐sectional study was performed involving PWH (moderate‐to‐severe haemophilia) and their caregivers, from November 2014 to July 2015. The primary objective was to quantify the extent of the primary psychosocial factors affecting PWH in their everyday life. Descriptive statistics and comparisons between Brazilian and global respondents are presented.ResultsA total of 100 adult male PWH and 100 caregivers (responding on behalf of their oldest affected child aged <18 years) completed the survey. Sixty‐eight per cent of the PWH had haemophilia A without inhibitors. Chronic pain and hepatitis C were the most common conditions related to haemophilia. On the EQ‐5D assessment, 64% of PWH reported extreme/moderate pain. Treatment for depression or anxiety was reported by 18% of PWH and by 29% of caregivers. There was a lower employment rate for PWH in Brazil, compared to the countries included in the original HERO survey (51% vs 60%); 71% of PWH stated that haemophilia has a negative impact on their work. Over the previous 5 years, 58% of PWH and 68% of caregivers did not have difficulties in obtaining the concentrated factor for treatment.ConclusionsOur study presents an overview of the psychosocial aspects of life with haemophilia in Brazil, providing a basis for health policy decisions and may further improve comprehensive care for PWH.
‘You've come to children that are in care and given us the opportunity to get our voices heard': The journey of looked after children and researchers in developing a Patient and Public Involvement group
Authors: Alderson Hayley , Brown Rebecca , Smart Debbie , Lingam Raghu , Dovey‐Pearce Gail 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundLooked after children and care leavers (denoted as LAC) are often described as a ‘hard to reach' group of young people, and their voices are rarely sought to inform academic research.MethodsThis paper reports on experiences and reflections of a group of children and young people and academic researchers who developed a Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) group that was set up in the context of an ongoing health service intervention trial with LAC.Setting and participantsEighteen qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with seven LAC, the participation officer within a North East Children in Care Council and the four researchers involved in developing and facilitating the PPI group. PPI sessions (n = 9) each approximately 1 hour in length were conducted over an 18‐month period.AnalysisThe qualitative interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data, and direct quotes are used within the paper.Main outcomesThe LAC used the PPI group to produce a 5‐minute video to highlight why they think young people should be involved in research. Overall findings suggested that it was feasible to develop a research‐related PPI group with LAC. Findings from the research were used to co‐develop ‘top tips' of working with vulnerable young people such as looked after children.ConclusionThis paper has shown that PPI with LAC can be done if a co‐production approach to research is taken. It also suggests that assumptions regarding the capabilities of young people as researchers need to be re‐evaluated.
Comparison of the predictive value among inflammation‐based scoring systems for bleomycin pulmonary toxicity in patients with germ cell tumors
Authors: Maruyama Yuki , Sadahira Takuya , Araki Motoo , Mitsui Yosuke , Wada Koichiro , Edamura Kohei , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Watanabe Masami , Watanabe Toyohiko , Nasu Yasutomo 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the predictive value of pretreatment inflammation‐based scoring systems in patients with germ cell tumors receiving first‐line bleomycin‐based chemotherapy.MethodsRetrospectively, we evaluated 57 patients with germ cell tumors. Bleomycin pulmonary toxicity was defined as the presence of asymptomatic decline in pulmonary function tests, pulmonary symptoms or interstitial pneumonia on computed tomography in the absence of infection. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune‐inflammation index, albumin‐to‐globulin ratio, Prognostic Nutritional Index, Glasgow Prognostic Score and C‐reactive protein were measured in all patients. To assess the predictive ability of each scoring system, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated, and multivariate analysis was carried out to identify the predictive scores associated with bleomycin pulmonary toxicity.ResultsOf the 57 patients, 15 patients developed bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio had the highest area under the curve value (0.763) of all inflammation‐based scoring systems, followed by the Prognostic Nutritional Index (0.749). In multivariate analysis, the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (odds ratio 11.5; P = 0.009) and Prognostic Nutritional Index (odds ratio 9.07; P = 0.013) were independently associated with development of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. As these two independent markers were combined, the area under the curve achieved the highest value (0.822).ConclusionsThe present study shows that the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and Prognostic Nutritional Index are independent risk factors for development of bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. The combination of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and Prognostic Nutritional Index seems to have superior predictive value compared with other inflammation‐based scoring systems.
Deliberate storytelling in big data analytics adoption
Authors: Boldosova Valeriia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe emergence of big data analytics (BDA) has posed opportunities as well as multiple challenges to business practitioners, who have called for research on the behavioural factors underlying BDA adoption at the individual level. The purpose of this study is to extend the information systems (IS) research on storytelling and to explore the role and characteristics of deliberate storytelling in individual‐level BDA adoption. This case study used the grounded theory approach to extract qualitative data from 24 interviews, field notes, and documentary data. The explicit contributions of the study to the literature include (a) increasing our understanding of the facilitating role of deliberate storytelling in individual‐level BDA adoption, (b) identifying four deliberate storytelling patterns and seven underlying corporate stories disseminated by organizations to influence individual behaviour, and (c) defining the core characteristics of effective deliberate storytelling. This study has multiple implications for business practitioners and demonstrates how deliberate storytelling can be used as a facilitating mechanism in daily business practice.
Preparation and optical properties of samaria‐doped yttria‐stabilized zirconia single crystals
Authors: Tan Xiaojun , Xu Shoulei , Wang Xiangyu , Liu Fenhong , Goodman Bernard A. , Xiong Dingkang , Deng Wen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSingle crystals of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) doped with various concentrations of Sm2O3 were synthesized by the optical floating zone method, and their structure and spectroscopic properties characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption, and luminescence measurements. XRD showed that the cubic phase of ZrO2 was stabilized by addition of Y2O3 and a series of absorption peaks characteristic of Sm3+ was detected by UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy. Three phenomenological J‐O oscillator strength parameters Ωt (t = 2, 4, 6) were calculated to evaluate the local structure and bonding in the vicinity of the Sm3+ for the 0.75 mol% Sm2O3: YSZ sample. These were in order of Ω2 < Ω4 < Ω6 with values of Ω2 = 5.46 × 10−20 cm2, Ω4 = 10.70 × 10−20 cm2, and Ω6 = 12.67 × 10−20 cm2, and indicate a relatively high symmetry and low covalent character for the Sm‐O bond at the Sm3+ sites in the YSZ matrix. Photoluminescence spectra recorded under an excitation of 404 nm showed four emission bands centered at 571 nm, 621 nm, 652 nm, and 716 nm corresponding to the transitions 4G5/2→6Hj (j = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2, 11/2). The transition probability, lifetime, and branching ratio obtained from the emission spectrum of the 0.75 mol% Sm2O3: YSZ crystal showed that YSZ is a potential host for Sm3+ to achieve a reddish‐orange laser output, and the Sm3+‐modified YSZ crystals have a possible use in reddish‐orange laser and lighting devices.
Art as Activism #stateoftheart: The Art Teachers Association of Ireland's campaign towards reform of the Leaving Certificate Art Curriculum
Authors: Keogh Aoife 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Art Teachers Association of Ireland's (ATAI), #stateoftheart campaign worked to persuade Irish policymakers to develop a new curriculum for Leaving Certificate art, reforming the long‐outdated 1972 curriculum. Students across the country designed over 3,000 postcards for the Minister for Education and an online petition was signed by 2,500 people. Students and teachers took to the corridors of schools and the streets of their towns to highlight the power of the arts and call for reform. Recently it was announced that a Senior Cycle development group under the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment would be created to address full reform of Leaving Certificate Art. This article will examine the context and rationale for the #stateoftheart campaign drawing on the images and voices of students and teachers.
Element‐and‐Principles Instruction, Perceptual Drawing and Paul Klee's Pedagogical Sketchbook
Authors: Howell Joyce Bernstein 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study examines the key concepts of elements‐and‐principles art instruction, as defined in the publications by Vorkurs (preliminary course) instructors at the Bauhaus. Elements‐and‐principles instruction was for decades central to formalist art training, and continues to play a role, albeit limited, today. Preceding accounts of the elements‐and‐principles have not considered contextual matters worthy of attention, specifically, two other instructional frameworks. One is perceptual drawing that dominated in Western art culture before the inception of the elements‐and‐principles approach. The second is the instructional model Paul Klee proposed in his well‐known but under‐examined instructional publication of 1925, Pedagogical Sketchbook. With regard to the latter, scholars have failed to undertake detailed analysis that would explain Klee's instructional model and, in particular, its central (and idiosyncratic) concept of ‘trichotomy’. Trichotomy is a structure rather than a formal element, providing visual equivalents for extra‐visual events. The peculiarity of trichotomy and related concepts in Pedagogical Sketchbook has kept the publication a faint presence in elements‐and‐principles instruction and in related scholarly inquiry. With a more precise presentation of Klee's pedagogical focus, this study distinguishes heretofore overlooked dissimilarities between the Pedagogical Sketchbook model and elements‐and‐principles approach, and enables recognition of affinities between Klee's model and current conversations about embodiment pedagogies in visual arts education.
Incidental detection of single coil right ventricular lead perforation during aortic valve surgery
Authors: Herrmann Florian E. M. , Juchem Gerd , Hagl Christian , Schramm René , Sadoni Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is unknown how many pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads perforate during lead placement. Symptoms of a perforated lead include shortness of breath and chest pain. Signs of perforation can include a high pacing threshold, reduced lead sensing, and a high lead impedance. We present the case of a patient where perforation of the single coil right ventricular lead was not evident in imaging but incidentally detected during operative aortic valve replacement. The lead perforation rate during device implantation is around 1%—ICD leads have a higher perforation rate.
Augmented intelligence decision tool for stroke prediction combines factors from CHA2DS2‐VASc and the intermountain risk score for patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Horne Benjamin D. , Jacobs Victoria , May Heidi T. , Graves Kevin G. , Bunch T. Jared 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionCHA2DS2‐VASc and CHADS2 are computationally simple risk prediction tools used to guide anticoagulation decisions for stroke prophylaxis, but they have modest risk discrimination ability and use static dichotomous variables. The Intermountain Mortality Risk Scores (IMRS) are dynamic decision tools using standard clinical laboratory tests. This study derived new stroke prediction scores using variables from both CHA2DS2‐VASc and IMRS.Methods and ResultsIn outpatients with first atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis at the Intermountain Healthcare (females, n = 26 063 males, n = 29 807), sex‐specific “IMRS‐VASc” scores were derived using variables from CHA2DS2‐VASc, warfarin use, the complete blood count, and the comprehensive metabolic profile. Validation was performed in an independent Intermountain outpatient AF cohort (females, n = 11 021; males, n = 12 641). Stroke occurred among 3.1% and 3.1% of females and 2.3% and 2.5% of males in derivation and validation groups, respectively. IMRS‐VASc stratified stroke with similar ability in derivation (c‐statistics, females: c = 0.703, males: c = 0.697) and validation groups (females: c = 0.681, males: c = 0.685). CHA2DS2‐VASc (females: c = 0.581 and c = 0.605; males: c = 0.616 and c = 0.613 in derivation and validation, respectively) and CHADS2 (females: c = 0.581 and c = 0.608; males: c = 0.620 and c = 0.621 in derivation and validation, respectively) were substantially weaker stroke predictors. IMRS was the strongest mortality predictor (females: c = 0.783 and c = 0.782; males: c = 0.796 and c = 0.794 in derivation and validation, respectively) and all scores were poor at predicting bleeding risk.ConclusionsA temporally dynamic risk score, IMRS‐VASc was derived and validated as a predictor of stroke in outpatients with AF. IMRS‐VASc requires further validation and the evaluation of its use in guiding care and treatment decisions for patients with AF.
Long‐term impact of powered toothbrush on oral health: 11‐year cohort study
Authors: Pitchika Vinay , Pink Christiane , Völzke Henry , Welk Alexander , Kocher Thomas , Holtfreter Birte 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to assess 11‐year longitudinal effects of powered toothbrush on periodontal health, caries and tooth loss in an adult population.Materials and MethodsParticipants of Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) cohort with dental examinations and interview data at SHIP‐1, SHIP‐2 or SHIP‐3 examinations were included. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were constructed between the exposure (manual versus powered toothbrush) and outcome variables (periodontal status using mean probing depth (PD) and mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), caries status using DMFS and DFS scores, and tooth loss), adjusting for potential baseline covariates.ResultsFinal baseline (SHIP‐1) study sample comprised of 2,819 participants. Powered toothbrush users increased from 18.3% (SHIP‐1) to 36.9% (SHIP‐3); were younger; had significantly less mean PD [β: −0.09 (95% CI: −0.16; −0.02)] and mean CAL [β: −0.19 (95% CI: −0.32; −0.07)] progressions; and had 17.7% less DMFS progression and 19.5% more teeth retained than the manual toothbrushers.ConclusionsIn the long‐term, powered toothbrush seems to be effective in reducing mean PD and mean CAL progressions, besides increasing the number of teeth retained.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care workers towards antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial stewardship programmes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Firouzabadi Dena , Mahmoudi Laleh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRationale and AimsAntibiotic development was a major breakthrough in defeating infections; however, their vast use has led to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) causing mortality, morbidity, and financial burden worldwide. Considering the limited introduction of newer antimicrobials to overcome resistance patterns, sufficient knowledge of their use can help manage this issue. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) with the mainstay of education can be a good resolution. The aim of this study was to seek aspects in which knowledge regarding antibiotics is lacking at our institutions.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study performed in Shiraz, South of Iran, was designed as a knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) study. A self‐administered questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was designed and handed out to health care workers including infectious disease practitioners, surgeons, internal medicine specialists and residents, general practitioners, medical students, and microbiology lab technicians and PhD graduates. Difference in response to questions was evaluated between the practitioner and nonpractitioner groups.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were collected (n = 126). According to the results, most participants (88.1%) agreed on establishment of local guidelines. Majority (94.4%) also believed that education regarding antibiotics can help reduce AMR. Good patient care was not believed to be impaired by limiting use of antibiotics (72.2%). A significant difference in the practitioner and nonpractitioner groups' practice score was observed.ConclusionIn our study, knowledge deficit was observed in some aspects of AMR. We can conclude that more practice and education are needed in ASP for the better performance in reducing resistant patterns.
Accuracy of clinical coding of pleural empyema: A validation study
Authors: Hamilton Fergus , Arnold David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionRoutinely recorded coding data are increasingly being used for clinical research, but the quality of that data is often variable. The clinical coding of pleural empyema has not been studied. If data are not accurately recorded, linking coding data through, for example, Hospital Episode Statistic data (HES), will lead to inappropriate conclusions.MethodsWe extracted the coding data for a year from three hospitals in the Southwest of England, UK: One large district general hospital, one tertiary pleural referral centre, and one thoracic surgical centre. We verified and validated this coding to ensure its accuracy. To assess the sensitivity of coding, we then verified the coded cases against a cohort of proven empyema patients from a recent observational study.ResultsOne hundred eighty‐two patients with a coded diagnosis of pleural empyema were extracted. In 158 of these patients, the diagnosis was correct clinically, with a positive predictive value of 86%. In the cohort of 25 patients with a known clinical diagnosis of empyema, 18 were coded as empyema, a sensitivity of 72%. There was no significant difference in coding between hospitals.ConclusionIn the centres studied, empyema coding was generally good (>85% accuracy), although some cases were miscoded. Using codes for elective admissions helped to differentiate post‐operative from community acquired empyema. It is likely empyema is under rather than over‐recorded in HES data.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A risk factor for progression of liver fibrosis in middle‐aged patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Tada Toshifumi , Toyoda Hidenori , Sone Yasuhiro , Yasuda Satoshi , Miyake Nozomi , Kumada Takashi , Tanaka Junko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe severity of liver fibrosis is strongly associated with prognosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluated clinical risk factors for progression of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.MethodsThis study included 1562 middle‐aged (36–64 years) patients with NAFLD and less severe liver fibrosis (fibrosis‐4 index < 1.3).ResultsDuring follow‐up, 186 patients progressed to advanced fibrosis (fibrosis‐4 index > 2.67). The 3‐, 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐year cumulative incidence of progression to advanced fibrosis was 4.4%, 6.7%, 11.0%, and 16.7%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, age, albumin concentration, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were significantly associated with progression to advanced fibrosis. Multivariate analysis with adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, dyslipidemia, T2DM, and steatosis showed that age ≥ 50 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.121; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.462–3.076; P < 0.001), albumin concentration < 4.2 g/dL (HR, 1.802; 95% CI, 1.285–2.528; P < 0.001), and the presence of T2DM (HR, 1.879; 95% CI, 1.401–2.520; P < 0.001) were independently associated with progression to advanced fibrosis. Conversely, degree of steatosis was not associated with progression to advanced fibrosis. The respective 3‐, 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐year cumulative incidence of progression to advanced fibrosis was 3.6%, 5.0%, 8.2%, and 12.9% in patients without T2DM (n = 1077) and 6.1%, 10.4%, 16.7%, and 24.0% in patients with T2DM (n = 485) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsType 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with progression to advanced liver fibrosis in middle‐aged NAFLD patients, even those with less severe liver fibrosis.
Comparisons between Oral Anticoagulants among Older Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Deitelzweig Steven , Keshishian Allison , Li Xiaoyan , Kang Amiee , Dhamane Amol D. , Luo Xuemei , Balachander Neeraja , Rosenblatt Lisa , Mardekian Jack , Pan Xianying , Nadkarni Anagha , Di Fusco Manuela , Garcia Reeves Alessandra B. , Yuce Huseyin , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVESOlder adult patients are underrepresented in clinical trials comparing non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and warfarin. This subgroup analysis of the ARISTOPHANES study used multiple data sources to compare the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and major bleeding (MB) among very old patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) prescribed NOACs or warfarin.DESIGNRetrospective observational study.SETTINGThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and three US commercial claims databases.PARTICIPANTSA total of 88 582 very old (aged ≥80 y) NVAF patients newly initiating apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or warfarin from January 1, 2013, to September 30, 2015.MEASUREMENTSIn each database, six 1:1 propensity score matched (PSM) cohorts were created for each drug comparison. Patient cohorts were pooled from all four databases after PSM. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of stroke/SE and MB.RESULTSThe patients in the six matched cohorts had a mean follow‐up time of 7 to 9 months. Compared with warfarin, apixaban (HR = .58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .49‐.69), dabigatran (HR = .77; 95% CI = .60‐.99), and rivaroxaban (HR = .74; 95% CI = .65‐.85) were associated with lower risks of stroke/SE. For MB, apixaban (HR = .60; 95% CI = .54‐.67) was associated with a lower risk; dabigatran (HR = .92; 95% CI = .78‐1.07) was associated with a similar risk, and rivaroxaban (HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.07‐1.24) was associated with a higher risk compared with warfarin. Apixaban was associated with a lower risk of stroke/SE and MB compared with dabigatran (stroke/SE: HR = .65; 95% CI = .47‐.89; MB: HR = .60; 95% CI = .49‐.73) and rivaroxaban (stroke/SE: HR = .72; 95% CI = .59‐.86; MB: HR = .50; 95% CI = .45‐.55). Dabigatran was associated with a lower risk of MB (HR = .77; 95% CI = .67‐.90) compared with rivaroxaban.CONCLUSIONAmong very old NVAF patients, NOACs were associated with lower rates of stroke/SE and varying rates of MB compared with warfarin. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1662–1671, 2019