bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Urine Albumin Measurements: Status and Performance Goals
Authors: Miller W Greg , Seegmiller Jesse C , Lieske John C , Narva Andrew S , Bachmann Lorin M 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Urine albumin is a key laboratory test used for classification, assessment of risk, and monitoring treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease. Urine albumin measurement results are not standardized among different measurement procedures. Consequently, clinical guidelines using fixed decision values for urine albumin cannot be applied consistently.

Content
Isotope dilution mass spectrometry reference measurement procedures and certified reference materials are being developed to enable standardization of immunoassay measurement procedures for urine albumin. A previous report determined calibration bias was the major error source for differences in results among different measurement procedures for urine albumin. Performance goals for between-day precision, ≤6% CV above 15 mg/L, and for specimen-specific effects, ≤6% CV, were established on the basis of the performance capability of current measurement procedures. The biological variation model was used to estimate a total allowable error of ≤24%–30% and from that the goal for bias of ≤7%–13%.

Summary
A reference system of higher-order certified reference materials and reference measurement procedures is being developed to enable standardization of urine albumin measurement results. Goals have been established for total allowable error, specimen-specific effects, imprecision, and bias to facilitate efforts to standardize urine albumin measurement results.
High-Throughput LC-MS/MS Method for Determination of the Alcohol Use Biomarker Phosphatidylethanol in Clinical Samples by Use of a Simple Automated Extraction Procedure—Preanalytical and Analytical Conditions
Authors: Isaksson Anders , Walther Lisa , Hansson Therese , Andersson Anders , Stenton Joanna , Blomgren Anders 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is an alcohol use biomarker with higher clinical sensitivity and specificity than commonly used alcohol markers. Since its introduction as a clinical alcohol-marker in 2006, the number of samples sent to our laboratory for the determination of PEth has shown a strong annual increase. This has prompted the need to develop a cost-effective and reliable analytical procedure with high capacity.

Methods
An LC-MS/MS method for the determination of PEth 16:0/18:1 with a short turnaround time (3 min) has been evaluated with respect to accuracy, sensitivity, and precision. We compared this method with a previously used HPLC method, as well as a manual and a simplified automated method for sample workup, and investigated potential causes of analytic and preanalytic errors.

Results
The method shows limits of detection and quantification of 0.0075 μmol/L (5.2 ng/mL) and &lt;0.05 μmol/L (&lt;35 ng/mL), respectively. During a 2.1-year period, the method has shown a total CV &lt; 8% for control samples (n = 2808) in the range of 0.10 (70) to 3.5 μmol/L (2461 ng/mL). The simplified automated method for sample preparation works equally well as the manual one. No specific and clinically significant causes of preanalytic errors were found.

Conclusions
This LC-MS/MS method with automated sample workup is well suited for a clinical laboratory with LC-MS/MS experience and has the capability, proven from several years of use, to produce reliable PEth results in a high-volume laboratory (&gt;50000 clinical samples/year).
Comparison of Clinical Laboratory Assays for Measuring Serum Infliximab and Antibodies to Infliximab
Authors: Willrich Maria Alice V , Lazar-Molnar Eszter , Snyder Melissa R , Delgado Julio C 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Infliximab (IFX) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting tumor necrosis factor-α, used for the management of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Immunogenicity to this protein drug may lead to therapeutic failure. Laboratory testing for serum IFX and antidrug antibodies (ADAs) is available for the evaluation of clinical nonresponsiveness. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of testing methodologies used by 2 clinical reference laboratories for the quantification of IFX and detection of ADAs.

Methods
Deidentified serum samples submitted for clinical testing were selected (n = 120) and tested at both sites. A trypsin-based LC-MS/MS assay for IFX and a bridging electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) for ADAs (Mayo Clinic) and a functional cell-based reporter gene assay (RGA) to measure both bioactive drug concentrations and neutralizing ADAs (ARUP Laboratories) were compared.

Results
In all, 105 samples had measurable concentrations of IFX by both methods and yielded a correlation coefficient (r) = 0.917, slope = 1.028, and intercept = −0.377. One outlier measured &lt;1.0 μg/mL by LC-MS/MS and 37 μg/mL by RGA, which was confirmed to be attributed to the presence of adalimumab. Regarding detection of ADAs, 81 of 120 samples were negative by ECLIA and RGA, whereas 30 of 120 were positive by both methods, resulting in an overall 92.5% agreement.

Conclusion
Although there are substantial methodological differences in the assays used for detecting IFX and ADAs, results show significant concordance between the clinically validated methodologies performed in different laboratories.
Clinical Approach for Evaluation and Manage¬ment of Disorders of Sex Development
Authors: Attia Najya Abdullah 
Published: July 2018

"It's a boy" and "It's a girl" are words that are heard every second of every day all around the world. However, it is very distressing when the birth attendants are unable to make such a pronouncement because of disorders of sex development (DSD). DSD are congenital conditions associated with an atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex. Normal sex development progresses in steps from conception to the complete development of the fetal external genitalia; any disturbance in any of these steps can lead to DSD. Ambiguous genitalia are the most common type of DSD and it is a challenging clinical diagnosis for the pediatric endocrinologist. A newborn baby with ambiguous genitalia is often a surprise for both the medical team and the parents, frequently described as an emergency. The condition needs a special approach in terms of counseling the parents appropriately, evaluation and management. The Chicago Conference (2006) recommended new nomenclature and a classification for DSD, as the old nomenclature was confusing for doctors and parents, and sometimes pejorative. The new classification is based on karyotyping and gonadal structure, improving understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The rapid progression of genetic diagnosis of DSD using advanced techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows more appropriate diagnosis and genetic counseling for families.
The focus of the article is a review of normal sex development, DSD classification, clinical approach, genetic assessment, sex assignment, surgical management and risk of germ cell tumor development.
Clinical effects of Poly- Flexible Ureteroscopy combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle Microperc to treatment of Lower Pole Renal Calculi larger than 2cm with infundibulopelvic angle less than 60 degrees
Authors: Guo Jingyang 
Published: July 2018

Objective: To observation on Poly- Flexible Ureteroscopy(FURS) retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle Microperc to treatment of Lower Pole Renal Calculi larger than 2cm stone with infundibulopelvic angle（IPA）less than 60 degrees.
Method: From January 2016 to January 2017, 63 patients with IPA angle less than 60 degrees in our hospital were treated with Poly-FURS retrograde intrarenal surgery combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle Microperc, the patients stone sized more than 2 mm and located in the lower-pole calyx were retrospectively reviewed. Multiple stones were found in 37 cases and solitary stones in 26. Male patients used 70cm Poly-FURS, and the female 42cm.The clinical data including the operation time, the amount of bleeding, the stone free rate(SFR), the incidence of postoperative complications.
Results: The operation time was 30~60min, mean 45min, FURS lithotripsy time was 20~35min, ultrasound guided all seeing needle puncture time was 3~5min, and lithotripsy time was 8~12min. 48 cases mainly lithotripsy with FURS and 15cases with micro-Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(micro-perc), 3 cases of fever as postoperative complications, 2 cases of pain; In non blood transfusion patients. The postoperative hospital stay was 2~3 days, with an average of 2 days. Postoperative residual stones were observed in 3 cases(SFR 95.2%) and treated with ESWL after 2 weeks. The stone clearance rate was 98.4% (62/63)after one month.
Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that Poly- FURS retrograde intrarenal surgery combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle Microperc had a significant effect on the success rate of lower Pole Renal Calculi larger than 2cm.
INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBILITY TO PRODUCE HIGH-STRENGTH BORON ALUMINUM SHEETS WITHOUT HOMOGENIZATION AND QUENCHING OPERATIONS
Authors: Chervyakova K. Yu. , Belov N. A. , Samoshina M. E. , Yakovlev A. A. 
Published: July 2018

Al–Cu–Mn (Zr) alloys feature high strength and processability without any thermal treatment operations. Al–2%Cu–1,5%Mn–2%B and Al–2%Cu–1,5%Mn–0,4%Zr–2%B alloys were obtained in order to investigate the possibility of producing a aluminum boroncontaining alloy in the form of high-strength sheet rolled stock without thermal treatment. Melting was performed in the RELTEK induction furnace with intense melt stirring to eliminate sedimentation of boride refractory particles. Melting temperature was 950– 1000 °С. Melt was poured into 40×120×200 mm graphite casting molds. Calculation methods (Thermo-Calc) were used to demonstrate that manganese forms complex borides with aluminum and zirconium at a melting temperature while there is enough manganese in liquid and there is practically no zirconium left. Experimental methods (electronic scanning microscopy and electron microprobe analysis) proved the formation of the complex AlB2Mn2 boride, however, manganese remained in a solid solution is enough to form the Al20Cu2Mn3 phase particles in the amount up to 7 wt.%. In the alloy with zirconium, boron stimulates primary Al3Zr crystal separation and, therefore, zirconium content left in the aluminum solid solution is not sufficient for hardening. It is shown that it is possible to produce thin-rolled steel with a thickness of less than 0,3 mm with uniformly distributed clusters of the boride phase with a particle size of less than 10 μm. A high level of strength up to 543 MPa is reached without the use of hardening and aging due to the precipitation of Al20Cu2Mn3 phase dispersions during hot deformation (t =450 °C).
INFLUENCE OF THE TWO-STAGE SINTERING MODE ON STRUCTURE FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF POWDERED ALL-PRESSED BIMETALLIC IRON-BASED MATERIALS
Authors: Gasanov B. G. , Perederiy V. G. , Efimov A. D. , Baev S. S. 
Published: July 2018

The paper justifies the urgency and efficiency of obtaining bimetallic iron-based materials by two-step isothermal sintering to enable forming the structure of the product bases at the first stage and activating diffusion processes in the wear-resistant layer only at the second stage to eliminate any high-porosity areas and brittle inclusions at interlayer boundaries typical for powder materials doped with carbides, nitrides and borides. The analysis of equation solutions for diffusion in two-component heterogeneous powder systems made it possible to propose an option for determining the time and temperature of homogenizing sintering of bimetallic materials taking into account grain-size distribution of powders, concentration and partial diffusion coefficients of components, charge bulk density, initial and final porosity of the products. Experiments proved that bimetallic materials containing 15– 20 wt.% of chromium carbide, 20–25 wt.% of ferrochromium and iron as the rest component in the wear-resistant layer charge have the best combination of hardness, wear resistance and radial compression strength after sintering in a chamber furnace in protective medium at 1150–1180 °C with a holding time of 1,5–2,0 hours at the first stage, and in an induction furnace at 1350– 1370 °C for 25–35 s with a heating rate of 450–470 °C/s at the second stage. Structure formation peculiarities of the interlayer boundaries and wear-resistant layer during two-step sintering of all-pressed bimetallic materials are shown. It is found that for high-temperature sintering by high-frequency (8 or 16 kHz) heating at the second stage, the depth of chromium diffusion from the wear-resistant layer to the matrix is 120–130 μm, and Cr concentration in various points of interlayer and interparticle boundaries varies between 1 and 30 wt.% thus allowing formation of a transition layer with a structure consisting of a ferritic-austenitic matrix with martensitic colonies and dispersed particles of (Cr,Fe)23C6, (Cr,Fe)7C3 and (Cr,Fe)3C2 ferrochromium carbides uniformly distributed over the volume.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİ VE SINIF ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARI ÜZERİNE YAPILMIŞ DOKTORA ÇALIŞMALARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Akpunar Burhan , Kazu İbrahim Yaşar , Erdamar Fatih Selim 
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı,
Türkiye’de “sınıf öğretmenleri”, “sınıf
öğretmen adayları” ve “ilköğretim birinci kademe öğrencileri” üzerine yapılmış
doktora tezlerini belirlenen ölçütlere göre incelemektir. Araştırma
2006-2016 yılları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Tezler; yapıldığı yıl,
ilgili alan, veri toplama aracı, hazırlandığı üniversite, yöntem, çalışmalar da
kullanılan araştırma türü ve modeli dikkate alınıp incelenerek araştırmacılara
bu alanlarla ilgili yapılmış çalışmaların analizi sunulmuştur. Nitel
araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışma, doküman
analizine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak,
geliştirilen “Tez Kodlama Formu” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analiz tekniği
kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada herhangi bir örnekleme yöntemine başvurulmamış ve
çalışma evrenin tamamına ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma
kapsamında 179
doktora tez çalışması incelenmiş, tezlerin 24 farklı üniversite içerisinde en
çok Gazi Üniversitesinde yapıldığı, çalışmaların daha çok “ilkokul öğrencileri”
üzerine, en az da “sınıf öğretmeni ve sınıf öğretmen adayları” üzerine
yapıldığı görülmüştür. Tezler, yazıldığı konu alanlarına göre, en çok “Sınıf
Öğretmenliği” ve “Eğitim Programları ve Öğretimi “alanlarında yapıldığı, veri
toplama araçları olarak daha çok “Ölçekler”; “Testler” ve “Formlar”
kullanıldığı, araştırma türü olarak da en çok karma yönteme başvurulduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Assessment of calcium-phosphorous metabolism in patients with early infantile caries by laboratory data
Authors: Kamenskikh D. V. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To assess the laboratory indices of calcium-phosphorous metabolism in patients with early infantile caries (EIC).
Materials and methods. Complex clinicolaboratory examination of 34 children (age range 36 to 72 months), diagnosed early infantile caries, was carried out. Patients’ dental status was stated; a number of laboratory studies to estimate calcium phosphorous metabolism with further mathematical processing of the obtained material was fulfilled.
Results. The analyzed laboratory studies showed the absence of pathological regulation of calcium-phosphorous metabolism in the body of the examined patients. The correlation analysis of caries intensity and daily urinary calcium and phosphorus levels in patients of type I revealed weak correlation feedback, r = –0.21, r = –0.25. The analogous analysis in patients of types II and III detected moderate feedback and the similar statistical data, namely, r = –0.26, r = –0.34 and r = –0.27, r = –0.29, respectively.
Conclusions. Interaction between the deficit of the excreted calcium and phosphorus in the daily urine and the risk for development of early infantile caries was found in patients with EIC. Laboratory diagnostic studies, so as to administer adequate drug therapy for correction of separate indices of calcium-phosphorous metabolism, are necessary. It should be also noted that among patients with decompensated form of caries course, low calcium indices are more often associated with low phosphorus indices in the urine against the background of hematological parameters, which keep within the standards.
Predictors of external pancreatic fistulas development after surgical treatment of infected pancreatonecrosis
Authors: Kotelnikova L. P. , Kudryavtsev P. L. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To determine the risk factors for the development of external pancreatic fistulas in the outcome of infected pancreatonecrosis, which do not close as a result of conservative treatment.
Materials and methods. The results of treatment were analyzed in 44 patients with pancreatonecrosis. The influence of different risk factors for the development of external pancreatic fistulas after surgery for infected pancreatonecrosis was studied, using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
Results. The repeated surgeries one year after pancreatonecrosis were required by 9 % of patients in connection with pancreatic cysts and for 11.36 % – with external pancreatic fistulas. There was observed a positive correlation of a mean value between the formation of external pancreatic fistulas, which did not close after intensive conservative therapy and the localization of necrosis zone in the region of isthmus (r = 0.31, p = 0.00), its depth 50 % and more (r = 0.46, p = 0.00), quantity of outflow (r = 0.55, p = 0.00) with amylase activity > 1000 units (r = 0.53, p = 0.00).
Conclusions. Localization of necrosis zone in the region of isthmus, necrosis depth 50 % and more, quantity of control drainage outflow > 150 ml, high amylase activity in drainage > 1000 units are predictors of the formation of external pancreatic fistulas in the outcome of acute destructive pancreatitis, which need surgical correction.
Specifics of follow-up observation regarding two diseases
Authors: Sandakov Ya. P. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To study the specifics of addressing for medical care among patients under follow-up observation regarding two diseases.
Materials and methods. The data, obtained from ambulatory medical records of 159 patients under follow-up observation for two diseases, were analyzed using the methods of descriptive and inductive statistics.
Results. From among patients, who were under follow-up observation concerning two diseases, there were more women (58.5 %) and pensioners (95.5 %). A mean age was 68,1 ± 11,6 years. The most frequent cause of observation regarding the first disease are the diseases of cardiovascular system (71.7 %), the second – the diseases of endocrine system (52.8 %). A mean duration of the first disease, as the cause of follow-up observation, was 10.8 ± 6.9, the second – 9.9 ± 8.2 years. There is no statistically significant difference between mean duration of disease among pensioners and able-bodied persons (the first disease t = –0.6 p = 0.5; the second disease t = –0.9, p = 0.4). There is no correlation between age and duration of disease: the first disease (χ2 = 0.04, р = 0.8) and the second (χ2 = 0.08, р = 0.6). There is statistically significant difference between mean duration and follow-up observation time of the first disease t = 5.4, р ˂ 0.0001 and the second t = 2.6, р = 0.012. There is statistically significant difference between the number of planned and real visits for the first disease t = 3.5, р = 0.001. Exacerbations were registered in 94.3 %, concomitant diseases – in 90.6 %, emergency calls – in 71.7 %, hospitalization – in 60.4 %, urgent hospitalization – in 36.7 %.
Conclusions. In the group of patients under follow-up observation regarding two diseases, there prevail persons of pension age; the main cause of follow-up observation is the diseases of cardiovascular system; profile specialists were randomly addressed to; the basic way of disease detection is follow-up observation; the disease duration, but not the age influence the severity of status; untimely start of observation and unsatisfactory quality of follow-up was revealed; loyalty to treatment depends on individual motivation of patients; follow-up, conducted by narrow specialists, is not more effective, than that by therapeutists.
A comparative evaluation of blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin in clinically manifested diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Ali Md. Mubasheer , Mohiuddin Ahmed 
Published: July 2018

Background: It is very well established that tight control of diabetes reduces if not prevents the risk of neuropathy. The benefit of other mode of therapy like myo- inositol supplementation and aldose reductase inhibitors remain to be established. Objective of present study to compare blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin in clinically manifested diabetic neuropathy.Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at Department of General Medicine, from August 2016 to October 2017 among 60 patients of diabetic neuropathy. These patients were subjected thorough evaluation as per the proforma.Results: As per the blood sugar levels, 15% were normal. As per glycosylated hemoglobin levels, only one patient was found to be normal. Thus, glycosylated hemoglobin showed evidence of poor control more frequently than blood sugar estimation in these patients. Patients with both retinopathy and neuropathy in this study had diabetes mellitus for periods 2 months to 20 years. (Mean 8.2yrs). Thus, it can be seen that glycosylated hemoglobin is a more sensitive indicator of poor control of diabetes mellitus than blood sugar. This difference is statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusions: Thus, as an integral of diabetic control, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) estimation is superior to the conventional measures in assessment of control.
Intervenções brancas na cidade multiétnica:Campinas(1888-1956)
Authors: Ghirello Bárbara Campidelli , Victal Jane 
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre negros e brancos na cidade de Campinas entre os anos de 1888 e 1956, com o intuito de compreender as transformações urbanas pelas quais a cidade passou no período e quais foram as questões étnicas que interferiram neste processo. Através da retomada de acontecimentos e conjunturas que delinearam a construção de identidades afro-brasileiras e euro-brasileiras e da análise das intervenções urbanas propostas no recorte temporal, o artigo traz como resultado uma na álise sobre o caráter branco e dominador do planejamento da cidade, que fez nascer um ambiente urbano restrito, inviabilizando possibilidades não-europeias de relação com o território.