bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance varieties
Authors: Styhre Alexander 
Published: June 2018

PurposeCorporate governance is the practice of balancing various stakeholder interests within the legal device of the chartered business. Recent changes in the competitive capitalism including the Great Recession, now entering its second decade, have called for reforms within the defined corporate system. To sketch a wider picture of corporate governance issues and the debate over time, this paper aims to identify two philosophical traditions, a British and liberal tradition and a continental statist tradition, which have bearings for how the legal device of the corporation is understood.Design/methodology/approachThis conceptual paper combines legal philosophy and legal studies, management studies, economics and economic sociology literatures.FindingsIn the former tradition, the firm and its ownership are exclusively associated with irreducibly individual rights. In the latter tradition, property rights remain the core of legal systems, but rather than being an end in itself (as in the liberal tradition), such property rights are merely the starting point for the individual’s wider engagement in social and public affairs. These two traditions enact the firm differently and emphasize specific benefits. In the former tradition, associated with a shareholder primacy model, individual rent-seeking is foregrounded; in the latter tradition, associated with legal and management scholarship, the team production qualities of the firm are emphasized.Originality/valueThis conceptual paper offers an analysis of the roots of differences between Anglo-American and continental corporate governance traditions, a scholarly study that is of great theoretical and practical relevance in the era of the Great Depression.
Supervisor support for stress management and intervention process
Authors: Horan Kristin A. , Moeller Mary T. , Singh R. Sonia , Wasson Rachel , O’Brien William H. , Matthews Russell A. , Jex Steve M. , Barratt Clare L. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This purpose of this paper is to investigate the possibility of non-linear relationships between supervisor support for stress management and intervention process ratings from a workplace stress management intervention to highlight how context shapes intervention experience.

Design/methodology/approach
Data from 37 nurses and nurse aides assigned to the treatment group in an occupational stress management intervention were analyzed using polynomial regression in SPSS.

Findings
A quadratic function with a U-shape best explained variance in process variables for the relationship between supervisor support for stress management at baseline and ratings of intervention relation reactions and overall perceptions of session helpfulness in both sessions and for task reactions in session 1. Those with low and high supervisor support for stress management tended to perceive the intervention favorably, which is framed in terms of the intervention compensating for or complimenting their work environment, respectively.

Research limitations/implications
Although exploratory and based on a small sample, this paper lays the groundwork for future theoretically-grounded investigations of relationship between intervention context and process.

Practical implications
Results provide a rationale for training supervisors in stress management support as a supplement to a workplace intervention.

Originality/value
This paper investigates a novel molar supervisor support construct and challenges previous research that assumes that the relationship between context and intervention process or outcomes always conform to a simple linear relationship.
Africa rising in an emerging world: an international marketing perspective
Authors: Amankwah-Amoah Joseph , Boso Nathaniel , Debrah Yaw A. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight important contemporary themes in international marketing strategy from the perspective of Sub-Saharan African firms.Design/methodology/approachThe approach adopted is a review and synopsis of the existing body of research on international marketing research in Sub-Saharan Africa, and a discussion of the manuscripts included in the special issue.FindingsInternational marketing in Sub-Sahara Africa is growing steadily, driven largely by rapid changes in socio-economic and demographic characteristics of consumers in this market. The growing appetite of multinational enterprises to explore new growth opportunities on this continent and the increasing intra-Africa cross-border transactions is driving unique approaches to international marketing that are predicated on using non-traditional means to produce, communicate and distribute products and services.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the international marketing opportunities and challenges discussed in this paper are not exhaustive, the paper highlights important research themes that need consideration regarding international marketing research in Sub-Saharan Africa.Originality/valueThis introductory paper emphasizes the unique international business landscape in Sub-Saharan Africa and discusses its international marketing strategy implications. The paper further draws attention to a number of unanswered research questions that require additional research, and thus bring Sub-Saharan Africa to international marketing scholarly enquiry.
The relationship between system-provided learner control and maintained situational interest within e-learning courses
Authors: Lange Christopher 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
Due to the autonomous nature of e-learning, learner control options should be provided to allow students to be more selective of content based on learning needs. Maintaining students’ situational interest should also be a goal in e-learning, as research shows that doing so leads to a greater chance of success. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between learner control and maintained situational interest in hopes of promoting better engagement through content selection based on learning needs.

Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzed survey responses from university students (n = 2,173) participating in a variety of massive online courses in South Korea to investigate the correlation between system-provided learner control and maintained situational interest. Additionally, the correlation between learner control and maintained situational interest was examined among demographic subsets including gender, age and grade level.

Findings
Results show a positive relationship between learner control and maintained situational interest, as well as a positive relationship between learner control and maintained situational interest among each demographic subset.

Originality/value
These results add to the current literature by promoting a practical way of maintaining students’ situational interest by providing them with the ability to control aspects of their own learning processes.
Acculturation and Arab immigrant health in Colorado: a socio-ecological perspective
Authors: El Hajj Dana , Cook Paul F. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This study aims to determine the prevalence of selected health behaviors (smoking, diet, exercise and early cancer detection) and outcomes (obesity, cardiovascular fitness, type II diabetes mellitus and cancer) among Arab immigrants living in Colorado and evaluate the relationships between acculturation and health behaviors from a socio-ecological perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a cross-sectional survey of 100 adult Arab immigrants living in Colorado.

Findings
The study showed that Arab immigrants in Colorado engage in healthy behaviors such as eating a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables (34 per cent), exercising (44 per cent) and seeking early cancer screening (35 per cent among women and 42 per cent among men). In comparison to the general population in Colorado, the study results showed that Arab immigrants were more likely to engage in moderate or vigorous exercise (p < 0.001, OR = 1.84) and consume the recommended daily amounts of fruits and vegetables (p = 0.05, OR = 1.56). The study revealed that culture plays an important role in shaping and affecting Arab immigrant health behaviors. Those who were more acculturated were more likely to be physically active and eat healthy.

Research/limitations/implications
The prevalence of overweight in the current sample was similar to the rate of overweight in other studies of Arab immigrants. This study’s findings about overweight signal a need for culturally sensitive health promotion interventions for Arab immigrants. The study limitations included the use of self-reported measures in the survey, the use of cross-sectional design and the use of a probability sample.

Originality/value
Understanding culturally relevant predictors of certain health behaviors, such as exercise and diet, can help health providers design health promotion interventions that focus on the individual and the environment to meet the health needs of Arab immigrants.
An overview of the functionality of inulin in meat and poultry products
Authors: Yousefi Mojtaba , Khorshidian Nasim , Hosseini Hedayat 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an overview of different aspects of inulin functionality in meat and poultry products.Design/methodology/approachSeveral studies on the physiochemical, textural and sensorial effects of inulin incorporated in meat and poultry products as fat replacer and texture modifier were reviewed.FindingsInulin is a plant-derived carbohydrate composed of fructose units and glucosyl moieties at the end of the chain that exhibits unique nutritional and technological benefits. Among its main healthy characteristics, it has been reported to reduce the risk of colon cancer, arteriosclerosis, osteoporosis, diabetes and obesity, to maintain low levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in serum and stimulate the immune system. As a functional food ingredient, it can be used in various foods as a fat replacer, improves water-holding capacity and emulsion stability, as well as modifying the texture and viscosity of foods. Incorporation of inulin into meat and poultry products can be beneficial in producing low-fat products with desirable texture and sensory attributes.Originality/valueThere are limited reviews regarding the application of inulin in meat and poultry products. In this review, chemical composition and physicochemical properties of inulin, its health effects and various effects of inulin incorporation into meat and poultry products including, physicochemical, textural and sensory characteristics of these products are discussed.
Authentic leadership – an antecedent for contextual performance of Indian nurses
Authors: Malik Nishtha 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between authentic leadership and contextual performance of nursing staff while considering the mediating effect of psychological capital and moderating effect of autonomy on this association.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from 41 small and medium-sized hospitals situated in the state of Uttarakhand, India. The sample for the study included 530 nurses and their 146 supervisors. Process macro (Hayes) was used to examine the influence of authentic leadership on contextual performance and the mediating effect of psychological capital and moderating role of autonomy in the relationship between authentic leadership and contextual performance.

Findings
Results indicate that authentic leadership is positively linked to contextual performance of nurses. Furthermore, psychological capital is found to mediate the relationship between authentic leadership and contextual performance while autonomy acts as a moderator between psychological capital and contextual performance.

Practical implications
Findings of this investigation would help healthcare managers to understand the importance of developing the psychological capital of healthcare workers. The paper draws attention of hospital administrators toward the need for setting up an appropriate environment wherein nurses are given a certain degree of autonomy to perform their task more effectively. This study also highlights the importance of an effective leadership style, namely authentic leadership in influencing contextual performance in service-oriented organizations such as healthcare institutions, as investigated in this study.

Originality/value
While extensive literature is available on authentic leadership and its impact on followers’ behavior, very little work seems to have been done to show a linkage between authentic leadership and contextual performance, especially in the context of nurses in developing country such as India. This work, therefore, may be considered original and of significant value in understanding the relationships between the various constructs in the Indian scenario.
Exposures during industrial 3-D printing and post-processing tasks
Authors: Du Preez Sonette , Johnson Alyson , LeBouf Ryan F. , Linde Stephanus J.L. , Stefaniak Aleksandr B. , Du Plessis Johan 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to measure exposures to airborne contaminants during three-dimensional (3-D) printing and post-processing tasks in an industrial workplace.

Design/methodology/approach
Contaminant concentrations were assessed using real-time particle number (0.007 to 1 µm) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) monitors and thermal desorption tubes during various tasks at a manufacturing facility using fused deposition modeling (FDMTM) 3-D printers. Personal exposures were measured for two workers using nanoparticle respiratory deposition samplers for metals and passive badges for specific VOCs.

Findings
Opening industrial-scale FDMTM 3-D printer doors after printing, removing desktop FDMTM 3-D printer covers during printing, acetone vapor polishing (AVP) and chloroform vapor polishing (CVP) tasks all resulted in transient increases in levels of submicrometer-scale particles and/or organic vapors, a portion of which enter the workers’ breathing zone, resulting in exposure. Personal exposure to quantifiable levels of metals in particles <300 nm were 0.02 mg/m3 for aluminum, chromium, copper, iron and titanium during FDMTM printing. Personal exposures were 0.38 to 6.47 mg/m3 for acetone during AVP and 0.18 mg/m3 for chloroform during CVP.

Originality/value
Characterization of tasks provided insights on factors that influenced contaminant levels, and in turn exposures to various particles, metals < 300 nm and organic vapors. These concentration and exposure factors data are useful for identifying tasks and work processes to consider for implementation of new or improved control technologies to mitigate exposures in manufacturing facilities using FDMTM 3-D printers.
The biotechnological potential of marine bacteria in the novel lineage of Pseudomonas pertucinogena
Authors: Bollinger Alexander , Thies Stephan , Katzke Nadine , Jaeger Karl‐Erich 
Published: June 2018

SummaryMarine habitats represent a prolific source for molecules of biotechnological interest. In particular, marine bacteria have attracted attention and were successfully exploited for industrial applications. Recently, a group of Pseudomonas species isolated from extreme habitats or living in association with algae or sponges were clustered in the newly established Pseudomonas pertucinogena lineage. Remarkably for the predominantly terrestrial genus Pseudomonas, more than half (9) of currently 16 species within this lineage were isolated from marine or saline habitats. Unlike other Pseudomonas species, they seem to have in common a highly specialized metabolism. Furthermore, the marine members apparently possess the capacity to produce biomolecules of biotechnological interest (e.g. dehalogenases, polyester hydrolases, transaminases). Here, we summarize the knowledge regarding the enzymatic endowment of the marine Pseudomonas pertucinogena bacteria and report on a genomic analysis focusing on the presence of genes encoding esterases, dehalogenases, transaminases and secondary metabolites including carbon storage compounds.
Increased exhausted CD8+ T cells with programmed death‐1, T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain‐containing‐3 phenotype in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Tan Jiaxiong , Chen Shaohua , Huang Jingying , Chen Youchun , Yang Lijian , Wang Chunli , Zhong Jun , Lu Yuhong , Wang Liang , Zhu Kanger , Li Yangqiu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe immunosuppressive microenvironment plays a crucial role in T‐cell immunodeficiency in multiple myeloma (MM). Overexpression of T‐cell immunosuppressive receptors, including programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain‐containing‐3 (Tim‐3), may be related to tumor immunosuppression and poor prognosis, and the malignant bone marrow (BM) microenvironment may contribute to such immunosuppression. The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of PD‐1+ and/or Tim‐3+ T cells in different T‐cell subset in patients with MM.MethodsThe expression of PD‐1 and Tim‐3 with exhausted (CD244+ and CD57+) CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells between BM and peripheral blood (PB) from 10 patients with untreated MM was detected by multicolor flow cytometry assay.ResultsA significant increase in both PD‐1+CD57+ and Tim‐3+CD57+CD3+ T cells and PD‐1+Tim‐3+CD3+ T cells was detected in PB from patients with MM compared with 10 healthy individuals (HIs), and the alteration was mostly in the CD8+ T‐cell subset. Significant higher percentage of PD‐1+CD3+ T cells was found in BM compared with PB from patients with MM. The level of PD‐1+Tim‐3+CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+T cells was high in BM group compared with PB. Moreover, PD‐1+CD244+ or PD‐1+CD57+CD3+ T cells, particularly PD‐1+CD244+ and PD‐1+CD57+CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in BM than in PB. In addition, limited dynamic detection data from three MM cases who achieved complete remission after treatment showed that the numbers of either PD‐1+ or PD‐1+Tim‐3+ T cells in different T‐cell subsets were decreased in both BM and PB.ConclusionWe characterized the distribution of PD‐1 and TIM‐3 concurrent with exhausted CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells between BM and PB from patients with MM. Higher numbers of PD‐1+CD244+ or PD‐1+CD57+CD3+ T cells in BM from patients with MM may contribute to mediate the BM immunosuppressive microenvironment. Although heterogeneous alterations in Tim‐3+ T cells may represent a complex immunosuppressive pattern in MM. Overall, higher levels of PD‐1+CD244+ or PD‐1/Tim‐3+CD57+CD8+ T cells may be a major reason for lower T‐cell activation and T‐cell immunodeficiency in MM.
Components of CEO Remuneration and Non‐GAAP Disclosure
Authors: Islam Nahid , Evans John , White Greg , Hossain Md Mosharraf 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper provides evidence of the effect of chief executive officer (CEO) remuneration on decisions to disclose voluntary non‐generally accepted accounting principles (non‐GAAP) financial measures. We investigate profit announcements that focus on the most emphasised part, which includes mandatorily identified information (results for the announcement to the market) and the least emphasised part, which incorporates other sections. By reading the profit announcements and manually collecting non‐GAAP financial measures (NGFM) data, there is no reliance on keyword search strings and as such we uncover the pervasiveness of the use of NGFM. Results show that the base component of CEOs’ remuneration plays a significant role in reporting NGFM in the most emphasised part of the profit announcement. Conversely, all three (base, short‐term and long‐term incentives) components of the remuneration package have a significant relationship with the reporting decisions in the least emphasised part of the statement. We find that, depending on the regulatory imposition and the emphasis assigned to the section of the profit announcement, the motive for voluntary disclosure of NGFM can be explained as altruistic (informative) or opportunistic (misleading). We contribute evidence on ‘pay–action’ rather than ‘pay–performance’ by incorporating all three components simultaneously into the framework to maintain the assumption of correspondence and internal consistency among those components.
Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of mosquito‐borne alphaviruses in horses in northern Queensland
Authors: Gummow B , Tan RHH , Joice RK , Burgess G , Picard J 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of alphaviruses (Ross River virus (RRV), Barmah Forest virus (BFV) and Whataroa virus (WHAV)) in northern Queensland horses.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of alphavirus antibodies in horses (n = 287) from 147 properties in northern Queensland from September 2013 to June 2014 was conducted. Owners of sampled horses were interviewed on potential risk factors. Data were analysed for associations using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAntibody titres for RRV were demonstrated in samples from 134 properties (91%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 87–96%); 22 properties (15%) had BFV reactors (95% CI 12–18%) and 2 properties (1.4%) had WHAV reactors (95% CI −0.5–3.2%). The highest seroprevalence of RRV was in the Townsville–Burdekin region (93%; 95% CI 90–96%) followed by the Mackay–Whitsunday (90%; 95% CI 88–98%) and Far North Coast–Tableland (82%; 95% CI 74–90%) regions. No association (P ≤ 0.05) could be shown between any of the viruses and age groups, sexes, annual average temperature, degree of rainfall or proximity to wet environments. An association with reported large numbers of mosquitoes was seen for RRV but not BFV. A significant association between properties in close proximity to poultry and pigs was shown for BFV.ConclusionRRV is endemic within the horse population of northern Queensland, but horses exhibit few clinical signs and could play a role as amplifying hosts in the tropics. Exposure of horses to BFV is significant in northern Queensland and it should be considered a differential diagnosis for RRV. WHAV warrants further study.
Can neutral dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) decrease occurrence of clinical periparturient hypocalcaemia in dairy cattle?
Authors: Bani Hassan E , Nouri M , Vogrin S , Pyman M 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAdjusting the dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) is one of the most efficient ways to stimulate calcium homeostasis in periparturient dairy cattle. However, adjusting DCAD to the recommended negative values (−100 to −150 mEq/kg) is associated with decreased food intake and metabolic acidosis. The critical conditions of the animals at peripartum (i.e. drastic hormonal changes, decreased appetite and negative energy balance) can be detrimental to the health, productivity and welfare of the animals if combined with decreased feed intake caused by unpalatable acidogenic salts.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, we analysed the ration of eight small to large dairy herds with intensive husbandry systems, including 6949 dry cows. Sodium, potassium, chlorine and sulfur concentrations in the feed were determined and DCAD was calculated. The DCAD of the ration of the farms ranged from –33.5 to +24.7 mEq/kg. Parturient paresis (PP, or milk fever) prevalence was investigated and correlated to DCAD values.ResultsClinical PP occurrence in the dairies of this investigation on average declined by 87% (ranging from a 97% decline to 5% increase). This indicates that adjusting DCAD at neutral values (0 ± 30 mEq/kg range) may both lower the PP prevalence and increase ration palatability by lowering acidogenic salts in the ration.ConclusionsFurther research is recommended to investigate the effects of neutral DCAD on subclinical hypocalcaemia and food intake of the cattle.