bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverted organic solar cells with non-clustering bathocuproine (BCP) cathode interlayers obtained by fullerene doping
Authors: Jafari Fatemeh , Patil Bhushan R. , Mohtaram Fatemeh , Cauduro André L. Fernandes , Rubahn Horst-Günter , Behjat Abbas , Madsen Morten 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBathocuproine (BCP) is a well-studied cathode interlayer in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, where it for standard device configurations has demonstrated improved electron extraction as well as exciton blocking properties, leading to high device efficiencies. For inverted devices, however, BCP interlayers has shown to lead to device failure, mainly due to the clustering of BCP molecules on indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces, which is a significant problem during scale-up of the OPV devices. In this work, we introduce C70 doped BCP thin films as cathode interlayers in inverted OPV devices. We demonstrate that the interlayer forms smooth films on ITO surfaces, resulting from the introduction of C70 molecules into the BCP film, and that these films possess both improved electron extraction as well exciton blocking properties, as evidenced by electron-only devices and photoluminescence studies, respectively. Importantly, the improved cathode interlayers leads to well-functioning large area (100 mm2) devices, showing a device yield of 100%. This is in strong contrast to inverted devices based on pure BCP layers. These results are founded by the effective suppression of BCP clustering from C70, along with the electron transport and exciton blocking properties of the two materials, which thus presents a route for its integration as an interlayer material towards up-scaled inverted OPV devices.
Towards prognostic functional brain biomarkers for cervical myelopathy: A resting-state fMRI study
Authors: Takenaka Shota , Kan Shigeyuki , Seymour Ben , Makino Takahiro , Sakai Yusuke , Kushioka Junichi , Tanaka Hisashi , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Shibata Masahiko , Yoshikawa Hideki , Kaito Takashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, there has been increasing interest in strategies to predict neurological recovery in cervical myelopathy (CM) based on clinical images of the cervical spine. In this study, we aimed to explore potential preoperative brain biomarkers that can predict postoperative neurological recovery in CM patients by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Twenty-eight patients with CM and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent rs-fMRI (twice for CM patients, before and six months after surgery). A seed-to-voxel analysis was performed, and the following three statistical analyses were conducted: (i) FC comparisons between preoperative CM and HC; (ii) correlation analysis between preoperative FCs and clinical scores; and (iii) postoperative FC changes in CM. Our analyses identified three FCs between the visual cortex and the right superior frontal gyrus based on the conjunction of the first two analyses [(i) and (ii)]. These FCs may act as potential biomarkers for postoperative gain in the 10-second test and might be sufficient to provide a prediction formula for potential recovery. Our findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the possibility of novel predictive measures for neurological recovery in CM using rs-fMRI.
Optical analysis of light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Lindh E. Mattias , Lundberg Petter , Lanz Thomas , Edman Ludvig 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is a contender for emerging applications of light, primarily because it offers low-cost solution fabrication of easily functionalized device architectures. The attractive properties originate in thein-situformation of electrochemically doped transport regions that enclose an emissive intrinsic region, but the understanding of how this intricate doping structure affects the optical performance of the LEC is largely lacking. We combine angle- and doping-dependent measurements and simulations, and demonstrate that the emission zone in our high-performance LEC is centered at ~30% of the active-layer thickness (dal) from the anode. We further find that the emission intensity and efficiency are undulating withdal, and establish that the first emission maximum atdal ~ 100 nm is largely limited by the lossy coupling of excitons to the doping regions, whereas the most prominent loss channel at the second maximum atdal ~ 300 nm is wave-guided modes.
Plasmon-Activated Water can Prolong Existing Sea-Ice Habitats to
Potentially Save Polar Bears
Authors: Yang Chih-Ping , Wu Yi-Hao , Tsai Hui-Yen , Yang Jen-Chang , Liu Yu-Chuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDue to increasing global warming resulting from the greenhouse effect,
subsequent environmental impacts and corresponding ecological influences are
unavoidable. These problems are becoming more serious with time. Due to rising
temperatures, the survival crisis of polar bears is a very often reported issue,
because polar bears are encountering shortened seasons for catching prey on their
sea-ice habitat. In this work, we report an innovative and facile strategy to save
polar bears via prolonging the existence of ice layers based on plasmon-activated
water (PAW). PAW with a reduced hydrogen-bonded network can be created by letting
bulk deionized (DI) water flow through supported gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) under
resonant illumination. Experimental results indicated that the freezing time of PAW
was faster than that of DI water. In contrast, the melting time of frozen PAW was
slower than that of the frozen DI water. Because the PAW with reduced hydrogen bonds
(HBs) is in a high-energy state, it can more easily transform into a stronger HB
structure in a low-energy state during cooling when freezing. This is accompanied by
the release of more available energy, resulting in more-perfect tetrahedral
symmetrical ice. Similar results were observed for solutions with 3 wt% NaCl, which
is similar to the salinity of sea water. Moreover, the heat required to melt frozen
PAW was ca. 7.6% higher than that of frozen DI water. These interesting phenomena
suggest that prolonging the existence of solid ice can be achieved in a PAW-based
system. Moreover, a system of AuNP-coated filter paper in DI water or in a DI water
solution (3 wt% NaCl) under resonant illumination could work to prolong the presence
of solid ice, compared to a system of AuNP-free filter paper. This innovative
concept has emerged as a practical strategy to save polar bears and for other
related applications.
Sonication accelerated formation of Mg-Al-phosphate layered double hydroxide via sol-gel prepared mixed metal oxides
Authors: Sokol Denis , Vieira Daniel E. L. , Zarkov Aleksej , Ferreira Mário G. S. , Beganskiene Aldona , Rubanik Vasili V. , Shilin Aleksandr D. , Kareiva Aivaras , Salak Andrei N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSingle-phase magnesium-aluminium layered double hydroxide (LDH) intercalated with dihydrogen phosphate was successfully produced by hydration of nanopowder of the respective mixed metal oxide (MMO) obtained using sol-gel based method followed by a two-step anion exchange hydroxide-to-chloride and chloride-to-phosphate. The MMO with the metal cation ratio of Mg/Al = 2:1 was prepared using the aqueous sol-gel method. Processes of the parent Mg2Al-OH LDH formation and the successive anion-exchanges, ОН− → Cl−and Cl− → H2PO4−, were considerably accelerated via the application of high-power (1.5 kW) ultrasound. The crystalline phases formed at all stages of the Mg2Al-H2PO4LDH production were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the data of chemical analysis and the XRD data, the type of the intercalated phosphate anion was determined and the arrangement of this anion in the interlayer was modelled.
Time: a Constructal viewpoint & its consequences
Authors: Lucia Umberto , Grisolia Giulia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the environment, there exists a continuous interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. So, atoms continuously interact with the photons of the environmental electromagnetic fields. This electromagnetic interaction is the consequence of the continuous and universal thermal non-equilibrium, that introduces an element of randomness to atomic and molecular motion. Consequently, a decreasing of path probability required for microscopic reversibility of evolution occurs. Recently, an energy footprint has been theoretically proven in the atomic electron-photon interaction, related to the well known spectroscopic phase shift effect, and the results on the irreversibility of the electromagnetic interaction with atoms and molecules, experimentally obtained in the late sixties. Here, we want to show how this quantum footprint is the “origin of time”. Last, the result obtained represents also a response to the question introduced by Einstein on the analysis of the interaction between radiation and molecules when thermal radiation is considered; he highlighted that in general one restricts oneself to a discussion of the energy exchange, without taking the momentum exchange into account. Our result has been obtained just introducing the momentum into the quantum analysis.
Liquid biopsy-based comprehensive gene mutation profiling for gynecological cancer using CAncer Personalized Profiling by deep Sequencing
Authors: Iwahashi Naoyuki , Sakai Kazuko , Noguchi Tomoko , Yahata Tamaki , Matsukawa Hitomi , Toujima Saori , Nishio Kazuto , Ino Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLiquid biopsies of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have recently been used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting tumor-specific mutations. We present a study of ctDNA liquid biopsies in gynecological cancer using an ultrasensitive next-generation sequencing-based method for ctDNA detection named CAncer Personalized Profiling by deep Sequencing (CAPP-Seq). We performed CAPP-Seq with plasma-ctDNA obtained from 16 patients with gynecological cancer. In all cases, at least one non-synonymous somatic mutation was detected in the ctDNA. In the pre-treatment ctDNA, 4 of 16, 4/16, 5/16, 2/16, 2/16, and 2/16 patients had TP53, KRAS, APC, PIK3CA, BRCA1, and EGFR mutations, respectively. MET gene copy-number gains were detected in the ctDNA of 2 of 16 patients, and FISH analysis of the paired tumor samples confirmed these results. In 2 neoadjuvant chemotherapy-treated ovarian cancer patients, the changes in gene mutation patterns were associated with the treatment response. These findings suggest that CAPP-Seq-based liquid biopsies can be used for the genetic characterization of independent gynecological cancers with high frequency, and might be clinically useful for non-invasive tumor genotyping and therapeutic response monitoring.
Comparison of chemical stability and corrosion resistance of group IV metal oxide films formed by thermal and plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition
Authors: Li Min , Jin Zhi-Xian , Zhang Wei , Bai Yu-Hang , Cao Yan-Qiang , Li Wei-Ming , Wu Di , Li Ai-Dong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe wide applications of ultrathin group IV metal oxide films (TiO2, ZrO2 and HfO2) probably expose materials to potentially reactive etchants and solvents, appealing for extraordinary chemical stability and corrosion resistance property. In this paper, TiO2 ultrathin films were deposited on Si at 200 °C while ZrO2 and HfO2 were grown at 250 °C to fit their growth temperature window, by thermal atomic layer deposition (TALD) and plasma-enhanced ALD (PEALD). A variety of chemical liquid media including 1 mol/L H2SO4, 1 mol/L HCl, 1 mol/L KOH, 1 mol/L KCl, and 18 MΩ deionized water were used to test and compare chemical stability of all these as-deposited group IV metal oxides thin films, as well as post-annealed samples at various temperatures. Among these metal oxides, TALD/PEALD HfO2 ultrathin films exhibit the best chemical stability and anti-corrosion property without any change in thickness after long time immersion into acidic, alkaline and neutral solutions. As-deposited TALD ZrO2 ultrathin films have slow etch rate of 1.06 nm/day in 1 mol/L HCl, however other PEALD ZrO2 ultrathin films and annealed TALD ones show better anti-acid stability, indicating the role of introduction of plasma O2 in PEALD and post-thermal treatment. As-deposited TiO2 ultrathin films by TALD and PEALD are found to be etched slowly in acidic solutions, but the PEALD can decrease the etching rate of TiO2 by ~41%. After post-annealing, TiO2 ultrathin films have satisfactory corrosion resistance, which is ascribed to the crystallization transition from amorphous to anatase phase and the formation of 5% Si-doped TiO2 ultrathin layers on sample surfaces, i.e. Ti-silicate. ZrO2, and TiO2 ultrathin films show excellent corrosion endurance property in basic and neutral solutions. Simultaneously, 304 stainless steel coated with PEALD-HfO2 is found to have a lower corrosion rate than that with TALD-HfO2 by means of electrochemical measurement. The pre-treatment of plasma H2 to 304 stainless steel can effectively reduce interfacial impurities and porosity of overlayers with significantly enhanced corrosion endurance. Above all, the chemical stability and anti-corrosion properties of IV group metal oxide coatings can be improved by using PEALD technique, post-annealing process and plasma H2 pre-treatment to substrates.
The Cortisol Awakening Response: A Feasibility Study Investigating the Use of the Area Under the Curve With Respect to Increase as an Effective Objective Measure of Tinnitus Distress
Authors: Jackson James George 
Published: July 2019

PurposeTinnitus is a chronic medical condition that can result in distress, concentration difficulties, and clinical depression. An effective, objective measure of tinnitus distress does not currently exist. Endocrinal studies into the condition have been few, with those investigating the cortisol awakening response limited in scope. It was hypothesized that distressed individuals with tinnitus would awaken and be unable to effectively prepare for the day ahead due to a blunted cortisol response.MethodTwenty individuals with varying tinnitus distress were compared with a control group (n= 10) in a pilot study, which measured salivary cortisol concentrations on awakening. Multiple exclusion variables were applied.ResultsIn line with previous studies, total cortisol volume (as measured by area under the curve) was not found to be significantly different in the most distressed individuals with tinnitus,F(2, 26) = 0.254,p= .777ns. However, a separate measure of changing cortisol levels—the area under the curve with respect to increase (or AUCi)—was found to be significantly less robust in those individuals reporting the most severe tinnitus distress,F(2, 26) = 7.671,p= .002. This indicates that fewer resources would be available to cope with the demands of the day ahead. Additionally, the AUCicorrelated negatively with tinnitus distress later the same day.ConclusionsRelationships between proposed objective and self-reported components of self-reported tinnitus distress are considered, with some aspects of tinnitus distress more closely related to physiological mechanisms than others. It is suggested that, with further research, the cortisol awakening response (AUCi) may be put forward as a credible objective biomarker of tinnitus distress.
„Haut Optimal“ – Abgestufte Hautschutzberatung am Telefon, mittels Beratungsmobil und Seminar
Authors: Appl K.-C. , Klinkert M. , Wouterse S. 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungSeit 2006 werden beruflich Hauterkrankte der Berufsgenossenschaft Handel und Warenlogistik (BGHW) abgestuft u. a. telefonisch hautschutzberaten und mit Hautschutzmitteln versorgt. Diese Form der Intervention kann unmittelbar nach der Meldung der Erkrankung mit geringem organisatorischem Aufwand unabhängig vom Wohnort und der Mobilität des Versicherten wirksam werden. Zusätzlich besteht die Möglichkeit, dass Versicherte der Regionaldirektion Ost (mit den Standorten Berlin und Gera) mittels eines Beratungsmobils am Wohn- oder Arbeitsort aufgesucht werden. Bundesweit an 5 Standorten durchgeführte ein- bzw. zweitägige Hautschutzseminare für beruflich Hauterkrankte mit Tätigkeitsschwerpunkt Lebensmittel und/oder Feuchtarbeit sowie an einzelnen Standorten durchgeführte Hautschutzseminare für Floristik, Werkstätten und Lagerarbeiten ergänzen die Maßnahmen. Wenn erforderlich, wird zusätzlich der Präventionsdienst eingeschaltet. Dieser ermittelt z. B. hinsichtlich der am Arbeitsplatz vorkommenden Allergene und berät die Versicherten und Betriebe vor Ort. Durch dieses Vorgehen kommen alle hauterkrankten Versicherten zeitnah in den Genuss wiederholter Hautschutzberatungen. Im Rahmen einer ersten Verlaufsuntersuchung von Versicherten (Stichprobe), die 2016 in dieser Weise beraten wurden, konnten beabsichtige Effekte der erfolgten Hautschutzberatungen anhand von Zielkriterien überprüft werden. Zusätzliche Beratungsangebote z. B. in Form einer Videosprechstunde und von Webinaren sind in Planung.
Outcome of Pelvic Fractures Identified in 75 Horses in a Referral Centre: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Moiroud Claire H. , Coudry Virginie , Denoix Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of fracture location and horse sporting discipline as prognostic indicators after a pelvic fracture in a referral centre caseload.
Materials and Methods Data were collected for the short- and long-term follow-up of all cases with a diagnosis of pelvic fracture in a 7-year period. Information was obtained for 75 horses through a postal and internet survey. The proportion of horses returning to competition following fractures was compared between groups according to the competition discipline and the characteristics of the fracture.
Results Forty-six of 75 horses returned to or began their intended activity. This proportion was significantly lower in the group of horses that sustained a comminuted fracture irrespective of the fracture location (11/25, p = 0.05). The proportion of Standardbred trotter racehorses returning to a sporting career after pelvic fracture (9/20) was not significantly different from horses competing in other disciplines (37/55). Cases of multiple pelvic fractures in the study population, and particularly those involving the acetabulum, had the worst sports prognosis (2/8 and 0/4). Nevertheless, two foals and one yearling (3/5) with isolated fracture of the acetabulum went on to race.
Clinical Significance A clear characterization of the fracture is essential for prognosis, as comminuted fractures seem to entail a poorer athletic prognosis. Despite a lack of significance, prognosis seems poorer for Standardbred trotter racehorses and for cases with acetabulum involvement in multiple fractures. These results should be confirmed in larger samples.
Outcome of Supraglenoid Tubercle Fractures in 12 Dogs
Authors: Kulendra Elvin R. , Beer Andrew J. C. , Hockley George C. A. , Goh Derniese , Lafuente Pilar , Perry Karen L. 
Published: July 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to report the outcome and complications of surgical stabilization following fracture of the supraglenoid tubercle in dogs.
Materials and Methods Data from three referral centres (Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Michigan State University and Veterinary Referral Hospital Hallam) were reviewed retrospectively for cases of supraglenoid tubercle fracture (n = 12).
Results Overall success rate was 9/12. Major complication rate was 2/12 and minor complication rate was 9/12. All fractures that had major complications were comminuted. Methods of stabilization included pin and tension band wire (n = 5), lag screw (n = 2), plate fixation (n = 2), fragment removal (n = 2) and conservative management (n = 1).
Clinical Significance Good outcomes can be achieved following fractures of the supraglenoid tubercle, although cases with comminution have a higher complication rate. Further research into the optimal method of fixation and postoperative management is required.
Epileptic Encephalopathy, Myoclonus–Dystonia, and Premature Pubarche in Siblings with a Novel C-Terminal Truncating Mutation in ATRX Gene
Authors: Giacomini Thea , Vari Maria Stella , Janis Sara , Prato Giulia , Pisciotta Livia , Rocchi Alessia , Michelucci Angela , Di Rocco Maja , Gandullia Paolo , Mattioli Girolamo , Sacco Oliviero , Morana Giovanni , Mancardi Maria Margherita 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe X-linked alpha thalassemia mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by X-linked recessive mutations in ATRX gene, related to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, such as alpha thalassemia, developmental delay, genital abnormalities, and gastrointestinal disorders. Patients with ATR-X syndrome can suffer from different types of epileptic seizures, but a severe epileptic encephalopathy pattern has not been described to date. We describe, for the first time, two brothers with genetically confirmed ATR-X syndrome who presented with drug-resistant epileptic encephalopathy, with tonic and polimorphic seizures reported in the elder brother and epileptic spasms in the younger brother. Moreover, both brothers showed a peculiar movement disorder with myoclonus–dystonia, worsened during periods of distress or pain. These cases expand the clinical spectrum of ATR-X syndrome and open new opportunities for the molecular diagnosis of ATRX mutations in male patients with severe epileptic encephalopathies and movement disorders.
Cleft Palate as Distinguishing Feature in a Patient with GABRB3 Epileptic Encephalopathy
Authors: Bamborschke Daniel , Pergande Matthias , Daimagüler Hülya Sevcan , Mangold Elisabeth , Dötsch Jörg , Herkenrath Peter , Cirak Sebahattin , Fazeli Walid 
Published: July 2019

Mutations in GABAA-receptor subunit genes are associated with a heterogeneous spectrum of epilepsies. Patients with epilepsy caused by mutations in a specific GABAA-receptor (GABRA3) occasionally present with orofacial dysmorphism (e.g., cleft palates). While cleft palates have been described in Gabrb3 knockout mice and in humans with GABRB3 variants without epilepsy, the specific combination of epilepsy and cleft palate in humans with GABRB3 mutations has not yet been reported.We describe a patient with epileptic encephalopathy (EE) who presented with therapy-refractory neonatal-onset myoclonic seizures and severe developmental delay. Electroencephalogram showed burst suppression pattern at neonatal age and hypsarrhythmia at infantile age. Initial magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable. As he additionally presented with a cleft palate, we were curious whether cleft palate and EE had the same genetic origin. Whole exome sequencing of the index patient revealed a novel pathogenic heterozygous de novo mutation in GABRB3 (c.899T > C; p.I300T). In consistency with Gabrb3 knockout mice data, this is the first report of cleft palate in a patient with GABRB3 associated EE.We suggest to add cleft palate to the phenotypic GABRB3 spectrum and to screen for mutations in GABAA-receptors in patients with EE and orofacial dysmorphism.