bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of urethral bulking injections in post‐prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence: A narrative review of the literature
Authors: Nguyen Linh , Leung Lap Yan , Walker Roger , Nitkunan Tharani , Sharma Davendra , Seth Jai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsPost‐prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence (PPI) is a common condition with significant impact on patient quality of life. With rising numbers of prostatectomies performed, recognition of incontinence during survivorship care is growing. With increasing hesitance of the use of suburethral mesh in females, urethral bulking injections in this patient population as a minimally invasive alternative to surgery are evaluated.This review aims to evaluate the existing evidence base for urethral bulking therapy in PPI and provide a summary of its efficacy, durability, and side‐effect profile.MethodsA literature search of Medline/Pubmed and Cochrane databases was conducted to identify publications reporting the clinical outcomes of urethral bulking injections in patients with PPI, up to and including October 1st, 2018. Case reports, letters and reviews were excluded.ResultsWe identified 25 studies that fit our inclusion criteria, comprised of one RCT, two large retrospective cohort studies, and 22 case series. The success rates reported varying widely from 13%‐100% with reports of symptomatic control deterioration. Complication rates remain low. This review highlighted a poor performance using the more historic bulking agents (BA), and the lack of strong evidence with the more novel BA in PPI and discussed challenges regarding optimal patient selection and techniques.ConclusionsThere exists poor clinical evidence base concerning the use of urethral bulking in PPI with few high‐level studies and a significant lack of consistency between studies. Further study in this area is required to evaluate the role of BA in this patient population.
The discrepancy between the uroflowmetry parameters, curve patterns, and lower urinary tract symptoms of children with nocturnal enuresis according to the presence or absence of daytime urinary incontinence
Authors: Hyuga Taiju , Nakamura Shigeru , Kawai Shina , Tanabe Kazuya , Nakai Hideo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the uroflowmetry (UFM), which reflects the urinary symptoms of children with nocturnal enuresis (NE).MethodsThis study retrospectively investigated 93 children who underwent UFM three times on the same day (≥8 years old; mean age: 9 years and 10 months; 66 boys and 27 girls). Children with the combination of daytime incontinence (DI) and NE (DI+NE group: n = 45) and NE alone (isolated NE group: n = 48) were compared. UFM curve patterns were classified into five types: bell (B), tower (T), staccato (S), plateau (P), and interrupted (I). An unclassified (U) curve pattern was designated when all three curve patterns differed. Patterns other than the B pattern were considered abnormal (A). Each score in the dysfunctional voiding symptom score (DVSS) was also compared between the two groups.ResultsThe UFM curve pattern was B (n = 21), T (n = 15), S (n = 4), P (n = 1), U (n = 4) in the DI+NE group and B (n = 25), T (n = 10), S (n = 7), P (n = 2), U (n = 4) in the isolated NE group, indicating no significant difference (B vs A; P = .680). The two items of DVSS questionnaire were significantly greater in the DI+NE group than in the isolated NE group (voiding postponement: 0.93 ± 1.18 vs 0.23 ± 0.56, P = .001, urgency: 2.09 ± 1.06 vs 0.56 ± 0.85, P < .001).ConclusionThe abnormal UFM curve patterns did not differ significantly between NE children with and without DI. However, the DVSS questionnaire scores differed significantly. UFM did not reflect the urinary symptoms of children with NE.
The role of WNT10B in normal prostate gland development and prostate cancer
Authors: Madueke Ikenna , Hu Wen‐Yang , Hu Danping , Swanson Steven M. , Vander Griend Donald , Abern Michael , Prins Gail S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWNT signaling is implicated in embryonic development, and in adult tissue homeostasis, while its deregulation is evident in disease. This study investigates the unique roles of canonical WNT10B in both normal prostate development and prostate cancer (PCa) progression.MethodsOrgan culture and rat ventral prostates (VPs) were used to study Wnt10b ontogeny and growth effect of WNT10B protein. PB‐SV40 LTag rat VPs were utilized for Wnt expression polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array and immunohistochemistry. Human localized PCa tissue microarrays (TMAs) were investigated for differential WNT10B expression. Human RNA‐seq data sets were queried for differential expression of WNT10B in metastatic and localized PCa. Knockdown of WNT10B in PC3 cells was utilized to study its effects on proliferation, stemness, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and xenograft propagation.ResultsWnt10b expression was highest at birth and rapidly declined in the postnatal rat VP. Exogenous WNT10B addition to culture developing VPs decreased growth suggesting an antiproliferative role. VPs from PB‐SV40 LTag rats with localized PCa showed a 25‐fold reduction in Wnt10b messenger RNA (mRNA) expession, confirmed at the protein level. Human PCa TMAs revealed elevated WNT10B protein in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia compared with normal prostates but reduced levels in localized PCa specimens. In contrast, RNA‐seq data set of annotated human PCa metastasis found a significant increase in WNT10B mRNA expression compared with localized tumors suggesting stage‐specific functions of WNT10B. Similarly, WNT10B mRNA levels were increased in metastatic cell lines PC3, PC3M, as well as in HuSLC, a PCa stem‐like cell line, as compared with disease‐free primary prostate epithelial cells. WNT10B knockdown in PC3 cells reduced expression of EMT genes, MMP9 and stemness genes NANOG and SOX2 and markedly reduced the stem cell‐like side population. Furthermore, loss of WNT10B abrogated the ability of PC3 cells to propagate tumors via serial transplantation.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest a dual role for WNT10B in normal development and in PCa progression with opposing functions depending on disease stage. We propose that decreased WNT10B levels in localized cancer allow for a hyperproliferative state, whereas increased levels in advanced disease confer a stemness and malignant propensity which is mitigated by knocking down WNT10B levels. This raises the potential for WNT10B as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in metastatic PCa.
Multiscale Plasma‐Catalytic On‐Surface Assembly
Authors: Hartl Hugo , MacLeod Jennifer , O'Mullane Anthony P. , Motta Nunzio , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: August 2019

AbstractControlled modification of surfaces is one of the key pursuits of the nanoscience and nanotechnology fields, allowing for the fabrication of bespoke materials with targeted functionalities. However, many surface modifications currently require painstakingly precise and/or energy intensive processing to implement, and are thus limited in scope and scale. Here, a concept which can enhance the capacity for control of surfaces is introduced: plasma‐assisted nucleation and self‐assembly at atomic to nanoscales, scalable at atmospheric pressures.
High risk of long‐term neurodevelopmental impairment in donor twins with spontaneous twin anemia–polycythemia sequence
Authors: Tollenaar L. S. A. , Lopriore E. , Slaghekke F. , Oepkes D. , Middeldorp J. M. , Haak M. C. , Klumper F. J. C. M. , Tan R. N. G. B. , Rijken M. , Van Klink J. M. M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the long‐term neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in surviving infants of pregnancies with spontaneous twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS), to compare outcome between donors and recipients, and to investigate potential risk factors for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of a consecutive cohort of spontaneous‐TAPS survivors delivered between 2005 and 2017 at the Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Neurological, motor, cognitive and behavioral development were assessed at a median age of 4 years. The primary outcome was NDI, which was a composite outcome of cerebral palsy, deafness, blindness and motor and/or cognitive delay. NDI was subdivided into two grades of severity: mild‐to‐moderate and severe NDI. Outcome was compared between surviving donor and recipient twins. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess risk factors for NDI.ResultsForty‐nine twin pregnancies complicated by spontaneous TAPS were eligible for inclusion. The perinatal survival rate was 83% (81/98) of twins. Neurodevelopmental assessment was performed in 91% (74/81) of surviving twins. NDI occurred in 30% (22/74) of TAPS survivors, and was found more often in donors (44%; 15/34) than in recipients (18%; 7/40) (odds ratio (OR), 4.1; 95% CI, 1.8–9.1; P = 0.001). Severe NDI was detected in 9% (7/74) of survivors and was higher in donors compared with recipients (18% (6/34) vs 3% (1/40)), although the difference did not reach statistical significance; P = 0.056). Donors demonstrated lower cognitive scores compared with recipients (P = 0.011). Bilateral deafness was identified in 15% (5/34) of donors compared with 0% (0/40) of recipients (P = 0.056). Parental concern regarding development was reported more often for donor than for recipient twins (P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for NDI were gestational age at delivery (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5–0.9; P = 0.003) and severe anemia (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.4–17.0; P < 0.001).ConclusionSurviving donor twins of pregnancies complicated by spontaneous TAPS have four‐fold higher odds of NDI compared with recipient cotwins, are at increased risk of cognitive delay and have a high rate of deafness. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Geographies of Schooling: An Introduction
Authors: Kramer Caroline , Jahnke Holger 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe chapter offers a first introduction to the field of geographies of schooling in the light of current literature from geography and neighboring disciplines. Several dimensions within the complex interrelation between education and space are scrutinized from different disciplinary perspectives. With a clear focus on spatiality and the territoriality of schooling and education this chapter offers an overview over the broad thematic, methodological and disciplinary approaches that have been undertaken in the diverse research projects present in this volume. The authors conclude with a brief outlook on future research in this emerging field.
Schools, Families, and Social Reproduction
Authors: Holloway Sarah L. , Pimlott-Wilson Helena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeoliberal educational discourse across the Global North is marked by an increasing homogeneity, but this masks significant socio-spatial differences in the enactment of policy. The authors focus on four facets of roll-out neoliberalism in English education policy that have expanded the function of primary schools, and redrawn the boundary between state and family responsibilities. Specifically, these are increased state support for: (1) working parenthood through provision of wraparound childcare; (2) parent-child relationships through school-led provision of parenting classes; (3) parental involvement in children’s learning; and (4) child development through schools’ fostering of extracurricular activities. The politics of policies that both enhance state responsibility for, and influence in, matters that were previously within the purview of families are complex. The collective impact of these developments has been both to reform how the work of daily and generational social reproduction is done, and to reshape the social reproduction of a classed and gendered society.
The Relationship Between School and Neighborhood: Child-Oriented Perspectives on Educational Locations
Authors: Reutlinger Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor organizational reasons, school administrators tend to classify pupils based on the neighborhood they live in. The residential area is therefore an important indicator of the composition of different school classes—at least in the case of Swiss primary schools. Due to this logic, teachers are confronted with the characteristics of the neighborhood in which their schools are situated. Because pupils carry their everyday problems with them, the social situation in the neighborhood is also reflected in the classroom. In areas with a high concentration of social problems, this poses an especially big challenge for teachers. But what do we know about the children’s perspective? How do they see their neighborhood? What do they expect from school? How do they view the relation between neighborhood and school? The author discusses these questions on the basis of findings of a research project about lived spaces in a medium-sized Swiss town.
Feminization of Teaching: Female Teachers at Primary and Lower Secondary Schools in Baden-Württemberg, Germany: From Its Beginnings to the Present
Authors: Schmude Jürgen , Jackisch Sascha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe teaching profession was one of the first in which women were allowed to practice and from today’s perspective is understood as a feminized profession. The process of feminization in teaching developed differently at various levels of school education and reached different levels of feminization over time. Primary and lower secondary schools are suitable for an empirical case study because the process of feminization first began on this level and the proportion of women here now exceeds that of all other teaching professions. We identify a variety of factors in connection with central-peripheral disparities of female participation in teaching. Some of the factors have lost importance (e.g., size of teaching staff), whereas the influence of other factors has increased (in particular part-time employment). We conclude with a short discussion of the impact of feminization on pupils’ role models.
Age-specific reference values for carotid arterial stiffness estimated by ultrasonic wall tracking
Authors: Uejima Tokuhisa , Dunstan Frank D. , Arbustini Eloisa , Łoboz-Grudzień Krystyna , Hughes Alun D. , Carerj Scipione , Favalli Valentina , Antonini-Canterin Francesco , Vriz Olga , Vinereanu Dragos , Zamorano Jose L. , Popescu Bogdan A. , Evangelista Arturo , Lancellotti Patrizio , Lefthériotis Georges , Kozakova Michaela , Palombo Carlo , Fraser Alan G. ,   for the E-Tracking International Collaboration Group (ETIC)
Published: August 2019

AbstractInteraction between arterial stiffness and hypertension plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, assessment of arterial stiffness may provide a tool for estimating cardiovascular risk and monitoring therapy in hypertensive patients. Radiofrequency-based vascular ultrasound allows accurate noninvasive assessment of local mechanical properties of large arteries, but for its use in clinical practice, reference values according to age and sex are mandatory for each vascular site. To provide reference values for common carotid artery stiffness as assessed by an echo-tracking imaging system Hitachi-Aloka, we pooled measurements collected in 1847 healthy subjects aged 3–74 years (1008 males and 839 females) recruited in 14 European centers in the E-tracking International Collaboration (ETIC). Statistical models were developed to describe relationships of different stiffness indices with age and to calculate median values and Z-scores corresponding to ± 1 and ± 2 standard deviations. In our apparently healthy population, age accounted for 53% of variability in the elastic modulus (epsilon), 39% in arterial compliance, 47% in stiffness index (β), and 56% in local pulse wave velocity; on average, blood pressure accounted for a further 7.5% of variability. Dependence on age was not linear; changes in mean values increased at older ages, especially for epsilon and β. There was an interaction between age and gender for arterial compliance, which was higher in males. We present nomograms and a software that can be used for the automated calculation of Z-scores for local carotid stiffness in individual patients. These tools can be used to establish prognostic indicators or surrogate targets for treatment monitoring.
Correction: Mechanism of Snhg8/miR-384/Hoxa13/FAM3A axis regulating neuronal apoptosis in ischemic mice model
Authors: Liu Jie , An Ping , Xue Yixue , Che Dongfang , Liu Xiaobai , Zheng Jian , Liu Yunhui , Yang Chunqing , Li Zhen , Yu Bo 
Published: August 2019

Following the publication of this article, the authors realized there was an error in Figure 6H in which two versions of the figure appear.This does not impact the conclusions of the article.
Using X-ray tomoscopy to explore the dynamics of foaming metal
Authors: García-Moreno Francisco , Kamm Paul Hans , Neu Tillmann Robert , Bülk Felix , Mokso Rajmund , Schlepütz Christian Matthias , Stampanoni Marco , Banhart John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe complex flow of liquid metal in evolving metallic foams is still poorly understood due to difficulties in studying hot and opaque systems. We apply X-ray tomoscopy –the continuous acquisition of tomographic (3D) images– to clarify key dynamic phenomena in liquid aluminium foam such as nucleation and growth, bubble rearrangements, liquid retraction, coalescence and the rupture of films. Each phenomenon takes place on a typical timescale which we cover by obtaining 208 full tomograms per second over a period of up to one minute. An additional data processing algorithm provides information on the 1 ms scale. Here we show that bubble coalescence is not only caused by gravity-induced drainage, as experiments under weightlessness show, and by stresses caused by foam growth, but also by local pressure peaks caused by the blowing agent. Moreover, details of foam expansion and phenomena such as rupture cascades and film thinning before rupture are quantified. These findings allow us to propose a way to obtain foams with smaller and more equally sized bubbles.
Activating newborn neurons suppresses depression and anxiety-like behaviors
Authors: Tunc-Ozcan Elif , Peng Chian-Yu , Zhu Yiwen , Dunlop Sara R. , Contractor Anis , Kessler John A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), the leading cause of worldwide disability, is unknown. The neurogenic hypothesis proposes that MDD is linked to impairments of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), while the effects of antidepressants are mediated by increased neurogenesis. However, alterations in neurogenesis and endophenotypes are not always causally linked, and the relationship between increased neurogenesis and altered behavior is controversial. To address causality, we used chemogenetics in transgenic mice to selectively manipulate activity of newborn DG neurons. Suppressing excitability of newborn neurons without altering neurogenesis abolish the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine. Remarkably, activating these neurons is sufficient to alleviate depression-like behavior and reverse the adverse effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress. Our results demonstrate a direct causal relationship between newborn neuronal activity and affective behavior. Thus, strategies that target not only neurogenesis but also activity of newborn neurons may lead to more effective antidepressants.
Metabolic landscape of the tumor microenvironment at single cell resolution
Authors: Xiao Zhengtao , Dai Ziwei , Locasale Jason W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe tumor milieu consists of numerous cell types each existing in a different environment. However, a characterization of metabolic heterogeneity at single-cell resolution is not established. Here, we develop a computational pipeline to study metabolic programs in single cells. In two representative human cancers, melanoma and head and neck, we apply this algorithm to define the intratumor metabolic landscape. We report an overall discordance between analyses of single cells and those of bulk tumors with higher metabolic activity in malignant cells than previously appreciated. Variation in mitochondrial programs is found to be the major contributor to metabolic heterogeneity. Surprisingly, the expression of both glycolytic and mitochondrial programs strongly correlates with hypoxia in all cell types. Immune and stromal cells could also be distinguished by their metabolic features. Taken together this analysis establishes a computational framework for characterizing metabolism using single cell expression data and defines principles of the tumor microenvironment.
Ballistic superconductivity and tunable π–junctions in InSb quantum wells
Authors: Ke Chung Ting , Moehle Christian M. , de Vries Folkert K. , Thomas Candice , Metti Sara , Guinn Charles R. , Kallaher Ray , Lodari Mario , Scappucci Giordano , Wang Tiantian , Diaz Rosa E. , Gardner Geoffrey C. , Manfra Michael J. , Goswami Srijit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlanar Josephson junctions (JJs) made in semiconductor quantum wells with large spin-orbit coupling are capable of hosting topological superconductivity. Indium antimonide (InSb) two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) are particularly suited for this due to their large Landé g-factor and high carrier mobility, however superconducting hybrids in these 2DEGs remain unexplored. Here we create JJs in high quality InSb 2DEGs and provide evidence of ballistic superconductivity over micron-scale lengths. A Zeeman field produces distinct revivals of the supercurrent in the junction, associated with a 0−π transition. We show that these transitions can be controlled by device design, and tuned in-situ using gates. A comparison between experiments and the theory of ballistic π-Josephson junctions gives excellent quantitative agreement. Our results therefore establish InSb quantum wells as a promising new material platform to study the interplay between superconductivity, spin-orbit interaction and magnetism.
Wilm’s tumor 1 promotes memory flexibility
Authors: Mariottini Chiara , Munari Leonardo , Gunzel Ellen , Seco Joseph M. , Tzavaras Nikos , Hansen Jens , Stern Sarah A. , Gao Virginia , Aleyasin Hossein , Sharma Ali , Azeloglu Evren U. , Hodes Georgia E. , Russo Scott J. , Huff Vicki , Birtwistle Marc R. , Blitzer Robert D. , Alberini Cristina M. , Iyengar Ravi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnder physiological conditions, strength and persistence of memory must be regulated in order to produce behavioral flexibility. In fact, impairments in memory flexibility are associated with pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder or autism; however, the underlying mechanisms that enable memory flexibility are still poorly understood. Here, we identify transcriptional repressor Wilm’s Tumor 1 (WT1) as a critical synaptic plasticity regulator that decreases memory strength, promoting memory flexibility. WT1 is activated in the hippocampus following induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) or learning. WT1 knockdown enhances CA1 neuronal excitability, LTP and long-term memory whereas its overexpression weakens memory retention. Moreover, forebrain WT1-deficient mice show deficits in both reversal, sequential learning tasks and contextual fear extinction, exhibiting impaired memory flexibility. We conclude that WT1 limits memory strength or promotes memory weakening, thus enabling memory flexibility, a process that is critical for learning from new experiences.