bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole genome association study of brain‐wide imaging phenotypes: A study of the ping cohort
Authors: Wen Canhong , Mehta Chintan M. , Tan Haizhu , Zhang Heping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNeuropsychological disorders have a biological basis rooted in brain function, and neuroimaging data are expected to better illuminate the complex genetic basis of neuropsychological disorders. Because they are biological measures, neuroimaging data avoid biases arising from clinical diagnostic criteria that are subject to human understanding and interpretation. A challenge with analyzing neuroimaging data is their high dimensionality and complex spatial relationships. To tackle this challenge, we introduced a novel distance covariance tests that can assess the association between genetic markers and multivariate diffusion tensor imaging measurements, and analyzed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) dataset collected by the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study. We also considered existing approaches as comparisons. Our results showed that, after correcting for multiplicity, distance covariance tests of the multivariate phenotype yield significantly greater power at detecting genetic markers affecting brain structure than standard mass univariate GWAS of individual neuroimaging biomarkers. Our results underscore the usefulness of utilizing the distance covariance to incorporate neuroimaging data in GWAS.
Wnt signaling regulates proliferation and differentiation of radial glia in regenerative processes after stab injury in the optic tectum of adult zebrafish
Authors: Shimizu Yuki , Ueda Yuto , Ohshima Toshio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractZebrafish have superior abilities to generate new neurons in the adult brain and to regenerate brain tissue after brain injury compared with mammals. There exist two types of neural stem cells (NSCs): neuroepithelial‐like stem cells (NE) and radial glia (RG) in the optic tectum. We established an optic tectum stab injury model to analyze the function of NSCs in the regenerative condition and confirmed that the injury induced the proliferation of RG, but not NE and that the proliferated RG differentiated into new neurons after the injury. We then analyzed the involvement of Wnt signaling after the injury, using a Wnt reporter line in which canonical Wnt signaling activation induced GFP expression and confirmed that GFP expression was induced specifically in RG after the injury. We also analyzed the expression level of genes related to Wnt signaling, and confirmed that endogenous Wnt antagonist dkk1b expression was significantly decreased after the injury. We observed that Wnt signal inhibitor IWR1 treatment suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of RG after the injury, suggesting that up‐regulation of Wnt signaling in RG after the stab injury was required for optic tectum regeneration. We also confirmed that Wnt activation by treatment with GSK3β inhibitor BIO in uninjured zebrafish induced proliferation of RG in the optic tectum. This optic tectum stab injury model is useful for the study of the molecular mechanisms of brain regeneration and analysis of the RG functions in physiological and regenerative conditions.
Spatiotemporal integration of looming visual and tactile stimuli near the face
Authors: Huang Ruey‐Song , Chen Ching‐fu , Sereno Martin I. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractReal‐world objects approaching or passing by an observer often generate visual, auditory, and tactile signals with different onsets and durations. Prompt detection and avoidance of an impending threat depend on precise binding of looming signals across modalities. Here we constructed a multisensory apparatus to study the spatiotemporal integration of looming visual and tactile stimuli near the face. In a psychophysical experiment, subjects assessed the subjective synchrony between a looming ball and an air puff delivered to the same side of the face with a varying temporal offset. Multisensory stimuli with similar onset times were perceived as completely out of sync and assessed with the lowest subjective synchrony index (SSI). Across subjects, the SSI peaked at an offset between 800 and 1,000 ms, where the multisensory stimuli were perceived as optimally in sync. In an fMRI experiment, tactile, visual, tactile‐visual out‐of‐sync (TVoS), and tactile‐visual in‐sync (TViS) stimuli were delivered to either side of the face in randomized events. Group‐average statistical responses to different stimuli were compared within each surface‐based region of interest (sROI) outlined on the cortical surface. Most sROIs showed a preference for contralateral stimuli and higher responses to multisensory than unisensory stimuli. In several bilateral sROIs, particularly the human MT+ complex and V6A, responses to spatially aligned multisensory stimuli (TVoS) were further enhanced when the stimuli were in‐sync (TViS), as expressed by TVoS < TViS. This study demonstrates the perceptual and neural mechanisms of multisensory integration near the face, which has potential applications in the development of multisensory entertainment systems and media.
Oscillatory dynamics in the dorsal and ventral attention networks during the reorienting of attention
Authors: Proskovec Amy L. , Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , Wiesman Alex I. , McDermott Timothy J. , Wilson Tony W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability to reorient attention within the visual field is central to daily functioning, and numerous fMRI studies have shown that the dorsal and ventral attention networks (DAN, VAN) are critical to such processes. However, despite the instantaneous nature of attentional shifts, the dynamics of oscillatory activity serving attentional reorientation remain poorly characterized. In this study, we utilized magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a Posner task to probe the dynamics of attentional reorienting in 29 healthy adults. MEG data were transformed into the time‐frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses were imaged using a beamformer. Voxel time series were then extracted from peak voxels in the functional beamformer images. These time series were used to quantify the dynamics of attentional reorienting, and to compute dynamic functional connectivity. Our results indicated strong increases in theta and decreases in alpha and beta activity across many nodes in the DAN and VAN. Interestingly, theta responses were generally stronger during trials that required attentional reorienting relative to those that did not, while alpha and beta oscillations were more dynamic, with many regions exhibiting significantly stronger responses during non‐reorienting trials initially, and the opposite pattern during later processing. Finally, stronger functional connectivity was found following target presentation (575‐700 ms) between bilateral superior parietal lobules during attentional reorienting. In sum, these data show that visual attention is served by multiple cortical regions within the DAN and VAN, and that attentional reorienting processes are often associated with spectrally‐specific oscillations that have largely distinct spatiotemporal dynamics.
Can climate variability information constrain a hydrological model for an ungauged Costa Rican catchment?
Authors: Quesada‐Montano Beatriz , Westerberg Ida K. , Fuentes‐Andino Diana , Hidalgo Hugo G. , Halldin Sven 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLong‐term hydrological data are key to understanding catchment behaviour and for decision making within water management and planning. Given the lack of observed data in many regions worldwide, such as Central America, hydrological models are an alternative for reproducing historical streamflow series. Additional types of information—to locally observed discharge—can be used to constrain model parameter uncertainty for ungauged catchments. Given the strong influence that climatic large‐scale processes exert on streamflow variability in the Central American region, we explored the use of climate variability knowledge as process constraints to constrain the simulated discharge uncertainty for a Costa Rican catchment, assumed to be ungauged. To reduce model uncertainty, we first rejected parameter relationships that disagreed with our understanding of the system. Then, based on this reduced parameter space, we applied the climate‐based process constraints at long‐term, inter‐annual, and intra‐annual timescales. In the first step, we reduced the initial number of parameters by 52%, and then, we further reduced the number of parameters by 3% with the climate constraints. Finally, we compared the climate‐based constraints with a constraint based on global maps of low‐flow statistics. This latter constraint proved to be more restrictive than those based on climate variability (further reducing the number of parameters by 66% compared with 3%). Even so, the climate‐based constraints rejected inconsistent model simulations that were not rejected by the low‐flow statistics constraint. When taken all together, the constraints produced constrained simulation uncertainty bands, and the median simulated discharge followed the observed time series to a similar level as an optimized model. All the constraints were found useful in constraining model uncertainty for an—assumed to be—ungauged basin. This shows that our method is promising for modelling long‐term flow data for ungauged catchments on the Pacific side of Central America and that similar methods can be developed for ungauged basins in other regions where climate variability exerts a strong control on streamflow variability.
Spatio‐temporal map for early cancer detection: Proof of concept
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Sahoo Gyana Ranjan , Pradhan Asima 
Published: February 2018

A spatio‐temporal map of human cervical tissue is obtained from time‐resolved fluorescence images with the dynamic contrast enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) for clear demarcation of regions of normal and pre‐cancerous conditions. Changes in the properties of fluorescence in different environments are captured through fluorescence lifetime maps in the human cervical tissue sample. The correlation embodied in the second principal component (PC) representing sectorial information free of background of the first PC, segregates fluorescence activities, as illustrated in the PC maps. It significantly enhances the contrast of the images which are majorly handicapped by the variations in fluorophore environment. The result is validated on phantoms, mimicking the changes in the environment of normal and abnormal tissues. This spatio‐temporal map illustrates the potential of time resolved auto‐fluorescence imaging of cervical tissue in combination with PCA to clearly demarcate normal and abnormal regions with enhanced contrast.
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Gelatin–genipin‐based biomaterials for skeletal muscle tissue engineering
Authors: Gattazzo Francesca , De Maria Carmelo , Rimessi Alessandro , Donà Silvia , Braghetta Paola , Pinton Paolo , Vozzi Giovanni , Bonaldo Paolo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSkeletal muscle engineering aims at tissue reconstruction to replace muscle loss following traumatic injury or in congenital muscle defects. Skeletal muscle can be engineered by using biodegradable and biocompatible scaffolds that favor myogenic cell adhesion and subsequent tissue organization. In this study, we characterized scaffolds made of gelatin cross‐linked with genipin, a natural derived cross‐linking agent with low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility, for tissue engineering of skeletal muscle. We generated gelatin–genipin hydrogels with a stiffness of 13 kPa to reproduce the mechanical properties characteristic of skeletal muscle and we show that their surface can be topographically patterned through soft lithography to drive myogenic cells differentiation and unidirectional orientation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these biomaterials can be successfully implanted in vivo under dorsal mouse skin, showing good biocompatibility and slow biodegradation rate. Moreover, the grafting of this biomaterial in partially ablated tibialis anterior muscle does not impair muscle regeneration, supporting future applications of gelatin–genipin biomaterials in the field of skeletal muscle tissue repair. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2763–2777, 2018.
Proof‐of‐concept study of vertical augmentation using block‐type allogenic bone grafts: A preclinical experimental study on rabbit calvaria
Authors: Lee Ji‐Sun , Lee Jung‐Seok , Kang Myung‐Hun , Jung Ui‐Won , Choi Seong‐Ho , Cho Kyoo‐Sung 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to quantify the healing following vertical augmentation of allogenic bone blocks with/without recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) on rabbit calvaria. Experiments were performed using allogenic bone blocks which were grafted bilaterally with or without rhBMP‐2 on 20 rabbit calvaria, and these animals were divided to four groups according to the use of rhBMP‐2 and healing periods (2 and 8 weeks; n = 10 in each group). Onlay‐type bone blocks (8 mm in diameter and 5 mm high) were fixed with a self‐tapping screw after removing the cortex in the control group, and the same protocol was applied with the addition of soaking the bone blocks with rhBMP‐2 for 15 min in the test group. Radiographic and histologic analyses were performed after 2 or 8 weeks to evaluate the volumetric stability and bone regeneration within the grafted area. The radiographic analysis revealed that the height of the allogenic bone block decreased but its volume was maintained from 2 to 8 weeks in both the control and test groups. The histologic results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in new bone area in the test group, especially in the lower region adjacent to the preexisting calvarial floor. The amount of newly formed bone in all regions of the augmented bone blocks in both the control and test groups was greater at 8 weeks than at 2 weeks. In conclusion, the vertically grafted allogenic bone block maintained its volume with new bone formation, and this was accelerated by the addition of rhBMP‐2. These findings indicate that allogenic bone block soaked with rhBMP‐2 could be a useful candidate biomaterial for vertical augmentation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2700–2707, 2018.
Optimizing Sequential and Combined Anabolic and Antiresorptive Osteoporosis Therapy
Authors: Leder Benjamin Z 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAs osteoporosis therapy options have expanded, and clinical guidelines have begun to embrace the concept of limited treatment courses and “drug holidays,” the choices that physicians must make when initiating, electing to continue, or switching therapies have become more complex. As a result, one of the fundamental issues that must be carefully considered is whether, when, and in what sequence anabolic therapies should be utilized. This review evaluates the current evidence supporting the optimal sequence for the use of anabolic and antiresorptive drugs and assesses the expanding number of clinical trials favoring the initial use of anabolic therapy followed by an antiresorptive agent. This review also explores the evidence suggesting that the effectiveness of anabolic medications are diminished when used in patients that have been previously treated with specific antiresorptive drugs for prolonged periods. Finally, the recent advances in designing combination antiresorptive/anabolic treatment approaches are detailed, with a focus on combined denosumab/teriparatide regimens, which appear to provide the most substantial and clinically relevant skeletal benefits to patients with established osteoporosis. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cover Image, Volume 93, Issue 3
Authors: Chen Qi , Yu Zongxue , Li Fei , Yang Yang , Pan Yang , Peng Yixin , Yang Xi , Zeng Guangyong 
Published: February 2018

The cover image, by Qi Chen et al., is based on the Research Article A novel photocatalytic membrane decorated with RGO‐Ag‐TiO2 for dye degradation and oil‐water emulsion separation, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5426.
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Optimization of on‐site cellulase preparation for efficient hydrolysis of atmospheric glycerol organosolv pretreated wheat straw
Authors: Sun Fubao , Mukasekuru Marie Rose , Tan Ling , Ren Junli , Huang Zhenxing , Ren Hongyan , Zhang Zhanying 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cost of using cellulase to effectively release fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic substrates is still a major impediment to development of the enzyme‐based ‘biorefinery’ industry. This study attempted to optimize a cellulase preparation from on‐site fermentation to efficiently hydrolyse atmospheric glycerol organosolv (AGO)‐pretreated wheat straw.RESULTSAddition of Cu2+, PEG10000, L‐ascorbic acid and trehalose in the fermentation medium significantly improved the cellulase production. Use of all the additives enabled enhancement to 45.5% of filter paper cellulase (FPA), 14.7% of β‐glucosidase (BG) and 32.4% of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase). With the on‐site production of crude cellulase, accessory enzymes (β‐glucosidase (BG), xylanase and lysozyme) and additives (tea saponin (TS) and cationic polyacrylamide (c‐PAM)) were found to facilitate the hydrolysis of AGO‐pretreated substrates effectively. The optimized cellulase mixture allowed 96% of enzymatic hydrolysis at 5 FPU g‐1 for 48 h on addition of 11.5 U g‐1 BG, 180 U g‐1 xylanase, 45 U g‐1 lysozyme, 10 mg g‐1 TS and 2 mg g‐1 C‐PAM, which was twice that of the crude cellulase broth.CONCLUSIONCellulase customization for specific substrate hydrolysis with on‐site produced broth produced an efficient pathway to lower the enzyme cost in the ongoing lignocellulosic biorefining industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and Bioactivity of Quinoline‐3‐carboxamide Derivatives
Authors: Govender Hogantharanni , Mocktar Chunderika , Koorbanally Neil A. 
Published: February 2018

Twelve novel substituted 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carboxamide derivatives were prepared from acetanilides using the Vilsmeier–Haack reaction, producing 2‐chloro‐3‐carbaldehyde quinolines, followed by oxidation of the 3‐carbaldehyde to the carboxylic acid and coupling this group with various anilines. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by NMR, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The chemical shifts of H‐5 and H‐8 were shown to be influenced by the substituent at C‐6. The substituent at C‐6 was also seen to affect the chemical shift of C‐5, C‐7, and C‐8, with C‐5 and C‐7 being more shielded in 5j (F substituted) in comparison with 5g (Cl substituted) and 5d (CH3 substituted). The compounds showed weak activity in the mM range against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria of which 5b, 5d, and 5f showed the best activity with minimum bactericidal concentration values for 5b being 3.79 mM against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 5d and 5f having minimum bactericidal concentration values of 3.77 and 1.79 mM against S. aureus ATCC 25923, respectively.
Histogram analysis of stretched‐exponential and monoexponential diffusion‐weighted imaging models for distinguishing low and intermediate/high gleason scores in prostate carcinoma
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Xiao H. , Tang Wei , Gao Hong B. , Zhou Bing N. , Zhou Liang P. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundNoninvasive measures to evaluate the aggressiveness of prostate carcinoma (PCa) may benefit patients.PurposeTo assess the value of stretched‐exponential and monoexponential diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for predicting the aggressiveness of PCa.Study TypeRetrospective study.SubjectsSeventy‐five patients with PCa.Field Strength3T DWI examinations were performed using b‐values of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 s/mm2.AssessmentThe research were based on entire‐tumor histogram analysis and the reference standard was radical prostectomy.Statistical TestsThe correlation analysis was programmed with Spearman's rank‐order analysis between the histogram variables and Gleason grade group (GG). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) regression was used to analyze the ability of these histogram variables to differentiate low‐grade (LG) from intermediate/high‐grade (HG) PCa.ResultsThe percentiles and mean of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) were correlated with GG (ρ: 0.414–0.593), while there was no significant relation among α value, skewnesses, and kurtosises with GG (ρ:0.034–0.323). HG tumors (ADC:484 ± 136, 592 ± 139, 670 ± 144, 788 ± 146, 895 ± 141 mm2/s; DDC: 410 ± 142, 532 ± 172, 666 ± 193, 786 ± 196, 914 ± 181 mm2/s) had lower values in the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th percentiles and means than LG tumors (ADC: 644 ± 779, 737 ± 84, 836 ± 83, 919 ± 82, 997 ± 107 mm2/s; DDC: 552 ± 82, 680 ± 94, 829 ± 112, 931 ± 106, 1045 ± 100 mm2/s). However, there was no difference between LG and HG tumors in α value (0.671 ± 0.041 vs. 0.633 ± 0.114), kurtosises (ADC 0.09 vs. 0.086; DDC –0.033 vs. –0.317), or skewnesses (ADC –0.036 vs. 0.073; DDC –0.063 vs. 0.136). The above statistics were P < 0.01. ADC10 with AUC = 0.840 and DDC10 with AUC = 0.799 were similar in discriminating between LG and HG PCa at P < 0.05.Data ConclusionHistogram variables of DDC and ADC may predict the aggressiveness of PCa, while α value does not. The abilities of ADC10 and DDC10 to discriminate LG from HG tumors were similar, and both better than their respective means.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:491–498.
Silver‐109‐based laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry method for detection and quantification of amino acids
Authors: Arendowski Adrian , Nizioł Joanna , Ruman Tomasz 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA new methodology applicable for both high‐resolution laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry imaging of amino acids is presented. The matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐type target containing monoisotopic cationic 109Ag nanoparticles (109AgNPs) was used for rapid mass spectrometry measurements of 11 amino acids of different chemical properties. Amino acids were directly tested in 100,000‐fold concentration change conditions ranging from 100 μg/mL to 1 ng/mL which equates to 50 ng to 500 fg of amino acid per measurement spot. Limit of detection values obtained suggest that presented method/target system is among the fastest and most sensitive ones in laser mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry imaging of spots of human blood plasma spiked with amino acids showed their surface distribution allowing optimization of quantitative measurements.