bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aligned Drawings of Planar Graphs
Authors: Mchedlidze Tamara , Radermacher Marcel , Rutter Ignaz 
Published: August 2018

Let $G$ be a graph that is topologically embedded in the plane and let $\mathcal A$ be
an arrangement of pseudolines intersecting the drawing of $G$. An
aligned drawing of $G$ and $\mathcal A$ is a planar polyline drawing
$\Gamma$ of $G$ with an arrangement $A$ of lines so that $\Gamma$ and
$A$ are homeomorphic to $G$ and $\mathcal A$. We show that if	$\mathcal A$ is
stretchable and every edge $e$ either entirely lies on a pseudoline or it has
at most one intersection with $\mathcal A$, then $G$ and $\mathcal A$ have a
straight-line aligned drawing. In order to prove this result, we
strengthen a result of Da Lozzo et al. [Da Lozzo et al. GD 2016], and prove that
a planar graph $G$ and a single pseudoline $\mathcal L$ have an aligned drawing
with a prescribed convex drawing of the outer face.	We also study the less
restrictive version of the alignment problem with respect to one line,
where only a set of vertices is given and we
need to determine whether they can be collinear. We show that the problem
is $\mathcal{NP}$-complete but fixed-parameter tractable.
Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonellaserotypes recovered throughout the beef production chain and from patients with salmonellosis
Authors: Realpe-Quintero Mauricio , Barba-León Jeannette , Pérez-Montaño Julia A. , Pacheco-Gallardo Carlos , González-Aguilar Delia , Dominguez-Arias Rosa M. , Cabrera-Diaz Elisa 
Published: August 2018

Salmonellais one of the major foodborne pathogens worldwide. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of this foodborne pathogen has raised a great concern in recent years. Studies on the frequency and characterization ofSalmonellaserotypes can help to improve our knowledge on the epidemiology of this pathogen. The purpose of this study was to compare the serotypes, AMR and genetic profiles ofSalmonellaisolates recovered from raw beef throughout the beef production chain and from human feces associated with clinical cases of salmonellosis. The serotype, AMR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile of 243Salmonella entericaisolates recovered from beef carcasses (n = 78), ground beef (n = 135), and human feces from clinical cases of salmonellosis (n = 30) were compared. Forty-three differentSalmonellaserotypes were identified and regardless of the source, the top five corresponded to Typhimurium, Give, Group B (partially serotyped), Infantis and Anatum. Twelve serotypes from beef carcasses were also found in ground beef, showing their presence throughout the beef production chain.SalmonellaTyphimurium, Infantis, Anatum and Montevideo were the only serotypes identified in all sample types. Resistance to tetracyclines was the most frequent (41.2%) followed by resistance to aminoglycosides (37%), folate pathway inhibitors (21%), quinolones (20.2%), phenicols (17.1%), penicillins (15.6%) and cephems (7%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 28.8% of the isolates, and those from human feces showed resistance to a larger number of antimicrobials. Great concern arises from the resistance and reduced susceptibility observed to quinolones and cephalosporins because these drugs are the first line of treatment for invasiveSalmonellainfections. Twenty-seven distinct pulse-types were detected among 238 isolates. Clustering analysis for the most frequent serotypes identified groups of isolates with similar AMR profiles. Multidrug resistance spreading throughout the food production chain should be continually monitored and its importance emphasized.
The effect of walking speed on the foot inter-segment kinematics, ground reaction forces and lower limb joint moments
Authors: Sun Dong , Fekete Gusztáv , Mei Qichang , Gu Yaodong 
Published: August 2018

Background
Normative foot kinematic and kinetic data with different walking speeds will benefit rehabilitation programs and improving gait performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze foot kinematics and kinetics differences between slow walking (SW), normal walking (NW) and fast walking (FW) of healthy subjects.

Methods
A total of 10 healthy male subjects participated in this study; they were asked to carry out walks at a self-selected speed. After measuring and averaging the results of NW, the subjects were asked to perform a 25% slower and 25% faster walk, respectively. Temporal-spatial parameters, kinematics of the tibia (TB), hindfoot (HF), forefoot (FF) and hallux (HX), and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were recorded while the subjects walked at averaged speeds of 1.01 m/s (SW), 1.34 m/s (NW), and 1.68 m/s (FW).

Results
Hindfoot relative to tibia (HF/TB) and forefoot relative to hindfoot (FF/HF) dorsiflexion (DF) increased in FW, while hallux relative to forefoot (HX/FF) DF decreased. Increased peak eversion (EV) and peak external rotation (ER) in HF/TB were observed in FW with decreased peak supination (SP) in FF/HF. GRFs were increased significantly with walking speed. The peak values of the knee and ankle moments in the sagittal and frontal planes significantly increased during FW compared with SW and NW.

Discussion
Limited HF/TB and FF/HF motion of SW was likely compensated for increased HX/FF DF. Although small angle variation in HF/TB EV and FF/HF SP during FW may have profound effects for foot kinetics. Higher HF/TB ER contributed to the FF push-off the ground while the center of mass (COM) progresses forward in FW, therefore accompanied by higher FF/HF abduction in FW. Increased peak vertical GRF in FW may affected by decreased stance duration time, the biomechanical mechanism maybe the change in vertical COM height and increase leg stiffness. Walking speed changes accompanied with modulated sagittal plane ankle moments to alter the braking GRF during loading response. The findings of foot kinematics, GRFs, and lower limb joint moments among healthy males may set a reference to distinguish abnormal and pathological gait patterns.
Observer‐based robust adaptive force‐position controller design for quadruped robots with actuator faults
Authors: Farid Yousef , Majd Vahid Johari , Ehsani‐Seresht Abbas 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis paper deals with the robust adaptive tracking control problem for an uncertain quadruped robot subject to the time‐varying actuator faults. First, the desired interaction forces of the robot legs with the ground are calculated using a pseudo‐inverse method. The proposed scheme includes a sliding‐mode angular velocity observer, an adaptive fault estimator, and an adaptive sliding‐mode force‐position controller. The amplitude of the actuator faults and the upper bounds of the lumped uncertainties are adaptively estimated, and appropriate modifications are provided to the joint torque control signal. The tracking errors of the overall closed‐loop system, as well as the fault estimation error, are guaranteed to converge to the neighborhood of the origin using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, numerical simulations are exhibited to demonstrate the performance of the developed method.
Digitally Tunable Microfluidic Bioprinting of Multilayered Cannular Tissues
Authors: Pi Qingmeng , Maharjan Sushila , Yan Xiang , Liu Xiao , Singh Bijay , van Genderen Anne Metje , Robledo‐Padilla Felipe , Parra‐Saldivar Roberto , Hu Ning , Jia Weitao , Xu Changliang , Kang Jian , Hassan Shabir , Cheng Haibo , Hou Xu , Khademhosseini Ali , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite advances in the bioprinting technology, biofabrication of circumferentially multilayered tubular tissues or organs with cellular heterogeneity, such as blood vessels, trachea, intestine, colon, ureter, and urethra, remains a challenge. Herein, a promising multichannel coaxial extrusion system (MCCES) for microfluidic bioprinting of circumferentially multilayered tubular tissues in a single step, using customized bioinks constituting gelatin methacryloyl, alginate, and eight‐arm poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate with a tripentaerythritol core, is presented. These perfusable cannular constructs can be continuously tuned up from monolayer to triple layers at regular intervals across the length of a bioprinted tube. Using customized bioink and MCCES, bioprinting of several tubular tissue constructs using relevant cell types with adequate biofunctionality including cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation is demonstrated. Specifically, cannular urothelial tissue constructs are bioprinted, using human urothelial cells and human bladder smooth muscle cells, as well as vascular tissue constructs, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human smooth muscle cells. These bioprinted cannular tissues can be actively perfused with fluids and nutrients to promote growth and proliferation of the embedded cell types. The fabrication of such tunable and perfusable circumferentially multilayered tissues represents a fundamental step toward creating human cannular tissues.
Recent Advances and Perspectives in the Synthesis of HeterocyclesviaZinc Catalysis
Authors: Keerthi Krishnan K. , Ujwaldev Sankuviruthiyil M. , Saranya Salim , Anilkumar Gopinathan , Beller Matthias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAmong the various metal catalysts, zinc salts have enormous potential due to their availability, low toxicity, eco‐friendliness and inexpensive nature. Biologically zinc is an essential element in our daily lives and it possesses a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical as well as material sciences. In synthetic organic chemistry, the main role of zinc salts is as a Lewis acid catalyst. The importance of the synthesis of heterocycles is attested by the vast number of applications of these compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The environmentally benign nature of zinc, its abundance and the Lewis acid character of most of its compounds make it a suitable catalyst for heterocycle synthesis. This is the first review exclusively on zinc‐catalyzed heterocycle synthesis and deals with the recent applications, especially using tandem/domino or one‐pot reaction strategies and covers the literature from 2008 to 2018.magnified image
Transition Metal‐free gem‐difluorocyclopropanation of Alkenes with CF3SiMe3−NaI System: a Recipe for Electron‐deficient Substrates
Authors: Nosik Pavel S. , Ryabukhin Sergey V. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReaction of various electron‐deficient alkenes, as well as functionalized styrene derivatives with CF3SiMe3−NaI system is studied. Relative reactivity of the substrates is established. It is shown that many α,β‐unsaturated esters can be difluorocyclopropanated efficiently under “slow addition protocol” conditions, which provides access to mono‐ and spirocyclic gem‐difluorocyclopropyl‐substituted carboxylic acids with good yields (36–79% for two steps) on up to 100 g scale.magnified image
Addition of Mineral‐Coated Microparticles to Soluble Interleukin‐1 Receptor Antagonist Injected Subcutaneously Improves and Extends Systemic Interleukin‐1 Inhibition
Authors: Clements Anna E. B. , Leiferman Ellen M. , Chamberlain Connie S. , Vanderby Ray , Murphy William L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) inhibits the pro‐inflammatory activity of IL‐1β. However, its short in vivo half‐life and high dose required to inhibit IL‐1β may limit its use in all but a few clinical scenarios. This study examines whether the addition of mineral‐coated microparticles (MPs) to a solution of IL‐1Ra extends its ability to inhibit IL‐1β activity when administered as a subcutaneous injection. MPs efficiently bind proteins in solution and provide sustained protein delivery. In vitro assays demonstrate that IL‐1Ra released from MPs is biologically active and inhibits IL‐1β activity. When MPs are added to an IL‐1Ra solution and injected subcutaneously into a murine model, serum IL‐1Ra is elevated for a longer duration compared to the treatment with the IL‐1Ra solution alone. Further, the addition of MPs to the IL‐1Ra solution results in the inhibition of IL‐1β activity for 7 days. A novel MP formulation that layered IL‐1Ra throughout the coating extends inhibition of IL‐1β activity in vivo for at least 14 days, suggesting potential for long‐term IL‐1β inhibition. Overall addition of MPs to an IL‐1Ra solution injected subcutaneously prolongs the duration of elevated serum concentration of IL‐1Ra and extends its ability to inhibit IL‐1β activity.
Empowerment and Accountability and Multi‐layered Contexts of Influences: Parenting and the Avoidance of Harm in Harare, Zimbabwe
Authors: Wini Dari Noreen Kudzanai , Mawodza Obdiah , Mingo Ericka , Olson Bradley D. 
Published: August 2018

In this paper, the authors discuss multi‐level systems for parenting in Harare, Zimbabwe. At the micro‐system level, the Tirere Pamwe parenting program is a supportive, empowering prototype, designed to educate parents on child development, with a special focus on socio‐emotional development, from birth to age 18 years. The program has been delivered to a diverse group of parents, in diverse settings, which has helped to bring a greater contextual relevance to parenting practices, and seems thereby to have increased the mental well‐being of children. At the macro‐system level, international law and Zimbabwaean laws emphasise the need to protect children from both physical and psychological harm. These different layers are examined through the varying theoretical perspectives of community psychologist Julian Rappaport (, , , , ), such as his emphasis on paradox, empowerment, second‐order change, and narrative.
High‐strength, tough, rapidly self‐recoverable, and fatigue‐resistant hydrogels based on multi‐network and multi‐bond toughening mechanism
Authors: Zhuang Zhenzhen , Wu Linlin , Ma Xiaofeng , Diao Wenjing , Fang Ying 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTConstructing double network (DN) or triple network (TN) with two or three asymmetric independent polymer networks are very useful structural platforms to integrate different mechanisms for dissipating energy and maintaining elasticity for designing tough hydrogels. To reveal the roles of different cross‐linked networks with hierarchical bond energy across multiple length scales in the gel network, here we fabricate chemical–physical hybrid cross‐linked polyacrylamide/Agar/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PAM/Agar/PVA) TN hydrogels through multi‐network and multi‐bond toughening mechanism design, and compare these TN gels with single network and DN gels. Under deformation, the covalently cross‐linked PAM first network remain intact to maintain their original configuration, while the dynamic and reversible nanoscale hydrogen bonds in Agar second network and microcrystalline domain in PVA third network successively break to gradually dissipate energy and then recombine to recover the network, which lead to excellent mechanical strength (compression strength 2.6 MPa, tensile strength 197 kPa), toughness (energy dissipation up to 374 kJ/m3 at 200% strain), excellent recoverability (~87% toughness recovery after 15 min resting at room temperature), and self‐healing properties. The combination of high‐strength, self‐recovery, and self‐healing properties makes PAM/Agar/PVA TN gels promising candidates for further functional application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46847.
Amino‐functionalized magnetic zirconium alginate beads for phosphate removal and recovery from aqueous solutions
Authors: Luo Huayong , Rong Hongwei , Zhang Tian C. , Zeng Xueyang , Wan Jun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAmino‐functionalized magnetic zirconium alginate beads with an interpenetrating network (Fe3O4/PAM/SA–Zr) were prepared, characterized, and then tested as a novel biomass adsorbent for phosphate removal and recovery. The hydrogel beads exhibited outstanding thermostability and possessed a magnetic response. The effects of the pH, dosage, initial phosphate concentration, interference ions, and temperature on the removal of phosphate were investigated. The kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of the adsorption were studied. Notably, the adsorption of phosphate was endothermic, feasible, and spontaneous with a maximum uptake capacity of 42.23 mg‐P/g at an optimized pH of 2.0. The phosphate could be desorbed effectively with a 0.2 mol/L NaOH solution, and the adsorbent exhibited a good reusability. The possible adsorption mechanisms were verified by zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Continuous phosphate‐adsorption tests were conducted in a fixed‐bed columns packed with Fe3O4/PAM/SA–Zr, and the breakthrough curves were predicted by the Adams–Bohart, Thomas, and Yoon–Nelson models, respectively. The suitability of the hydrogel beads for the treatment of real wastewater was also tested. These hydrogel beads should be a promising adsorbent for phosphate removal and recovery from aqueous solutions, with the advantages of a high uptake capacity, good reusability, and easy magnetic separation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46897.
Research on the electrospun foaming process to fabricate three‐dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Zhao Peng , Cao Mingyi , Gu Haibing , Gao Qing , Xia Neng , He Yong , Fu Jianzhong 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional (3D) tissue engineering scaffolds were fabricated by an electrospun foaming process. A two‐dimensional (2D) membrane was fabricated first by the electrospinning technology, and then a sodium borohydride gas foaming process was used to expand the 2D membrane to a 3D tissue engineering scaffold. The effects of six process parameters on the foamed height of 3D scaffolds were systematically studied during fabrication using a L27(313) orthogonal design table. The mechanism of the gas foaming process was investigated by a porosity analysis and a scanning electron microscopy analysis of the scaffolds' surface and cross‐sectional morphology. Finally, wettability experiments and L929 fibroblast adhesion and proliferation experiments were carried out on the 3D scaffolds. The results showed that the concentration of polycaprolactone (PCL) has the most significant effect on height, and the optimal process parameters were 8 wt % PCL solution, 15 kV voltage, 4 mL h−1 flow rate, 20 cm distance, 60 min spinning time, and 5 g sodium borohydride. The 2D membrane with a smaller fiber diameter and higher porosity was more easily foamed. The fabricated 3D scaffold had good wettability, and cell absorbance (OD value) increased by 25.34% on day 7 over that of the 2D electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46898.
pH‐sensitive hydrogel based on carboxymethyl chitosan/sodium alginate and its application for drug delivery
Authors: Xie Cong‐Xia , Tian Ting‐Cui , Yu Shi‐Tao , Li Lu 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTCarboxymethyl chitosan sodium salt (CMCS)/sodium alginate (SA), a pH‐sensitive hydrogel composed of CMCS and SA crosslinked by 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N‐hydroxysuccinimide, has been evaluated in vitro as a potential carrier for protein drug delivery of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The crosslinked structures, pore morphologies, and mechanical properties of the composite CMCS/SA hydrogel at different pH have been characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The swelling behavior of the prepared hydrogel was assessed at different pH values, 1.2, 4.0, 6.86, 7.4, and 9.0. The in vitro slow release ability of the CMCS/SA hydrogel was assessed at 37°C and pH 1.2 or pH 7.4 to simulate gastrointestinal and mouth environments in vivo. The efficiency was found to be greater than 90% at pH 7.4. The composite CMCS/SA hydrogel showed no cytotoxic effect toward L‐929 cells according to the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide test. These findings demonstrate that the composite hydrogel has promising potential for drug delivery. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46911.
Performance of silk‐polypyrrole bilayer actuators under biologically relevant conditions
Authors: Hagler J. R. , Peterson B. N. , Murphy A. R. , Leger J. M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBiocompatible actuators that are capable of controlled movement and can function under biologically relevant conditions are of significant interest for biomedical applications. Previously, we have demonstrated that a composite material of silk biopolymer and the conducting polymer poly(pyrrole) (PPy) can be formed into a functional bilayer bending actuator. Further, these silk‐PPy composites can generate forces comparable to human muscle (>0.1 MPa) making them ideal candidates for interfacing with biological tissues. Here, we explore the performance of these silk‐PPy composite bilayer actuators under biologically relevant conditions including exposure to proteins, serum, enzymes, and biologically relevant temperatures. Free‐end bending actuation performance, current response, force generation, and mass degradation under these conditions were investigated. We find that under the conditions tested here, the performance of our silk‐PPy composites is sensitive to both protein serum and enzyme type, as well as to the temperature at which the devices are actuated. However, the silk‐PPy actuators retained their functionality under all conditions tested, demonstrating the ability to bend, generate forces, and conduct currents at comparable levels to devices tested under standard operating conditions. The results suggest that our silk‐PPy actuators are promising candidates for implantation in vivo and for interfacing with biological systems. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46922.
Prospecting for cytotoxic and antiprotozoal 4‐aryl‐4H‐chromenes and 10‐aryldihydropyrano[2,3‐f]chromenes
Authors: Martin Erlon F. , Mbaveng Armelle T. , de Moraes Milene H. , Kuete Victor , Biavatti Maique W. , Steindel Mario , Efferth Thomas , Sandjo Louis P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDifferent studies reported that genetic predisposition or metabolic dysfunction are the risk factors for cancer. Infectious parasitic diseases were listed among factors that predispose to cancer. Because of the resemblance between the life cycle of cancer cells and some parasites, this study aimed to prepare pyran derivatives with cytotoxic and antiprotozoal potencies. Therefore, 7 chromenes, 10 pyranocoumarins, and an unexpected intermediate were obtained from a multi‐reagent one‐pot reaction. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on sensitive and resistant leukemia cancer cells lines and against two protozoan parasites, namely Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis amastigote. Promising cytotoxicity (IC50 values of less than 1 µM) was obtained for two of the synthetic products (12 and 15). Compound 12 induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in CCRF‐CEM leukemia cells in G0/G1 while compound 15 and doxorubicin induced apoptosis and arrest in the S and G2/M phases. Ten of these products showed trypanocidal activity, while only five of them were weakly active on L. amazonensis. Three of the obtained pyrans showed significant cytotoxicity and antitrypanocidal activity, simultaneously. Nevertheless, all antiparasitic compounds revealed potency with low selectivity toward THP‐1 cells used as host.