bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysosome biogenesis in health and disease
Authors: Bajaj Lakshya , Lotfi Parisa , Pal Rituraj , Ronza Alberto di , Sharma Jaiprakash , Sardiello Marco 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis review focuses on the pathways that regulate lysosome biogenesis and that are implicated in numerous degenerative storage diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders and late‐onset neurodegenerative diseases. Lysosomal proteins are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and trafficked to the endolysosomal system through the secretory route. Several receptors have been characterized that execute post‐Golgi trafficking of lysosomal proteins. Some of them recognize their cargo proteins based on specific amino acid signatures, others based on a particular glycan modification that is exclusively found on lysosomal proteins. Nearly all receptors serving lysosome biogenesis are under the transcriptional control of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the lysosomal system. TFEB coordinates the expression of lysosomal hydrolases, lysosomal membrane proteins, and autophagy proteins in response to pathways sensing lysosomal stress and the nutritional conditions of the cell among other stimuli. TFEB is primed for activation in lysosomal storage disorders but surprisingly its function is impaired in some late‐onset neurodegenerative storage diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, because of specific detrimental interactions that limit TFEB expression or activation. Thus, disrupted TFEB function presumably plays a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Multiple studies in animal models of degenerative storage diseases have shown that exogenous expression of TFEB and pharmacological activation of endogenous TFEB attenuate disease phenotypes. These results highlight TFEB‐mediated enhancement of lysosomal biogenesis and function as a candidate strategy to counteract the progression of these diseases.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Lysosomal Storage Disorders”.
The layered anatomy of the jawline
Authors: Suwanchinda Atchima , Rudolph Christina , Hladik Casey , Webb Katherine L. , Custozzo Amanda , Muste Justin , Schalet Grant , Hamade Hassan , Frank Konstantin , Patel Ashit , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the layered anatomy of the jawline and to provide anatomic background for the formation of the labiomandibular sulcus, the jowl deformity, and the “double‐chin” for safe and effective minimally invasive procedures.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐two fresh‐frozen human cephalic cadavers (32 males, 40 females; mean age 75.2 ± 10.9 years, BMI 24.2 ± 6.6 kg/m2, 99% Caucasian ethnicity) were investigated by layer‐by‐layer anatomical dissection. Magnet resonance and computed tomographic imaging was additionally carried out to support the anatomical findings.ResultsNo major neuro‐vascular structures were found to run in the subdermal plane or in the subcutaneous fat. The jowl deformity was identified to be caused by the loose adherence of the platysma to the mandible, which occurs posterior (but not anterior) to the mandibular ligament. The formation of the submental sulcus was identified to be caused by the submental septum, an osteo‐cutaneous adhesion spanning all facial layers in the submental area. The formation of the labiomandibular sulcus was caused by the change in the subcutaneous fibro‐connective arrangement rather than by an underlying adhesion or ligament.ConclusionThe layered arrangement of the jawline predisposes this region for subdermal and subcutaneous treatment options located superficial to the platysma. Subdermal subcision procedures might have a beneficial effect on the labiomandibular sulcus as the boundary between the different types of subcutaneous arrangement, which form the sulcus, is being smoothened.
Measurements of tension on wound edges after strip harvest surgery
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo measure the wound closure tension after strip surgery.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted in a private setup on patients undergoing first hair restoration surgery. The donor strip was marked with the patient in sitting position after checking the vertical scalp mobility. Six stitches of nonabsorbable suture were passed through the intact skin with a loop of 3‐4 cm; two stitches were passed in the midline and two on either side. The end of the digital scale was passed through the loop. The scales were then pulled in the opposite direction to measure the tension. The tension was measured at all three points, that is, A, B, & C. The data were collected and reviewed statistically.ResultsA total of 20 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 33.05 years. The mean wound closure tension in the midline (point A & A′) was 2.3115 lb‐f (range 0.30‐3.69), whereas the tension at point B & B′ was 2.562 lb‐f (range 0.36‐4.03) and 2.6345 lb‐f (range 0.51‐4.71) at C & C′, respectively. The average tension after removal of 10‐mm strip was 0.90 lb‐f. The removal of 11‐mm‐wide strip resulted in 2.693 lb‐f, 12 mm removal had 2.445 lb‐f, 13 mm removal had 2.545 lb‐f, 14 mm removal had 2.701 lb‐f, and 15 mm removal had 3.063 lb‐f average.ConclusionMeasurement of wound closure tension is important to be kept minimal in order to obtain a good scar.
Mentoring up: A grounded theory of nurse‐to‐nurse mentoring
Authors: Hale Regina L. , Phillips Carolyn A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo generate a theoretical explanation of nurse‐to‐nurse mentoring in the clinical setting.BackgroundDespite an abundance of mentoring literature, the processes involved between nurses in mentoring relationships have yet to be studied. Nursing literature has focused on mentor attributes and relationship outcomes rather than focusing on theoretical discovery.DesignClassical grounded theory (CGT).MethodsCGT procedures (constant comparative method, coding and memoing) were used to analyse interview data exploring fifteen nurse protégés’ experiences of mentoring.ResultsConfidencing, the protégés’ need to become confident in the professional role, emerged as the main concern of study participants. Three dimensions are threaded throughout nurse‐to‐nurse mentoring: earnest intentions, filial bond and trust‐worthiness. Earnest intentions are the sincere attitude that protégés and mentors demonstrate regarding their mentoring relationship. An exclusive, familial‐type connection, filial bond, attends to the affective needs of protégés and mentors. Trust‐worthiness, the explicit feeling of trust between protégés and mentors, strengthens as each demonstrates being worthy of the other's trust. Mentoring Up theory explains five phases of mentoring: seeding, opening, laddering, equalising and reframing. The initial phases are periods of relationship discovery (seeding) and testing (opening). Laddering is an intense period of reciprocal interactions between mentors and protégés. Equalising begins as protégés perceive themselves to be equal to their mentors in terms of their professional capability. Protégés reflect on the meaning of the relationship in the reframing phase.ConclusionsMentoring Up is a dense theory that reveals insights, explanations and predictions for initiating, developing and engaging in mentoring relationships. Mentoring Up fills a gap in the existing literature and provides a framework for future mentoring research.Relevance to clinical practiceThe theory has implications for healthcare organisations, nursing education and individual nurses. Mentoring Up expounds on the interpersonal connections and reciprocal interactions vital for successful nurse‐to‐nurse mentoring.
The effects of resilience and turnover intention on nurses’ burnout: Findings from a comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Guo Yu‐fang , Plummer Virginia , Lam Louisa , Wang Yan , Cross Wendy , Zhang Jing‐ping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate burnout among nurses from Australia and China and explore the effects of resilience and turnover intention on nurse burnout between the two countries.BackgroundNursing shortages and burnout have become serious problems worldwide in recent years. In both developed and developing countries, such as Australia and China, nurse burnout levels are high and therefore attract concern from nurse managers, hospital administrators, nurse educators and researchers. However, few studies have been conducted exploring the differences in burnout and its predictors between Australian and Chinese nurses, particularly investigating the differences in the effect sizes of the predictors.DesignA comparative cross‐sectional design was employed.MethodsA total of 100 Australian nurses and 197 Chinese nurses participated in the study. Australian participants completed an online questionnaire, while Chinese participants completed a hardcopy questionnaire. Burnout, resilience and turnover intention were measured.ResultsBurnout was worse for Australian participants than Chinese participants. Only having turnover intention significantly predicted burnout in Australian participants, while low resilience, having turnover intention and low level of regular exercise strongly predicted burnout in Chinese participants. The effect size of turnover intention on burnout in the Australian group was almost twice that of the Chinese group.ConclusionThe findings of this study show that there are differences in burnout between Australian and Chinese nurses. The effects of resilience and turnover intention on burnout between the two groups are also identified.Relevance to clinical practiceThe differences in nurse burnout and the effects of resilience and turnover intention on burnout should be better understood by nurse managers from Australia and China. Moreover, developing effective strategies relevant to their own country to reduce nurse burnout is recommended.
“You'll have to be my eyes and ears”: A conversation analytic study of physical examination on a health helpline
Authors: Lopriore Stefanie , LeCouteur Amanda , Ekberg Katie , Ekberg Stuart 
Published: August 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore the accomplishment of physical examination on a health helpline. By focusing on the ways in which callers are asked to examine themselves and report information to nurses, we aim to provide insight into how physical examination at a distance is achieved.BackgroundPhysical examination is a routine feature of healthcare encounters. In face‐to‐face settings, patients are subject to professional scrutiny through talk, touch and observation. Health professionals working on helplines face challenges in assessing signs of illness when they do not have physical access to patients.Design and MethodsConversation analysis was used to explore sequences of interaction between nurses and callers that involved physical examination.AnalysisAnalysis examined how physical examination was routinely accomplished in a helpline environment. Nurses typically guided callers in self‐examination by drawing on gross categorisations that required reporting of large‐scale characteristics of symptoms (e.g., whether a body part looked “normal”). Physical examination was also regularly accomplished by nurses through two‐component speaking turns: a prefacing component that involved instructions about self‐examination; followed by a second component that included an information‐soliciting question. These practices resulted in callers successfully accomplishing physical examination, despite their lack of professional medical knowledge.ConclusionsThis study identifies the communicative practices used by nurses to accomplish physical examination in helpline calls. Such practices involved asking questions that sought general, rather than specific, information and the prefacing of questions with simple instructions on how to undertake self‐examination.Relevance to clinical practicePrevious research indicates that physical examination in telehealth can be challenging, particularly in environments where clinicians need patients to examine themselves. This study identifies how nurses on a helpline manage this challenge. The findings highlight ways in which nurses can recruit patients to undertake tasks that would typically be undertaken by clinicians in physically co‐present consultations.
Patients’ perspectives on engaging in their healthcare while hospitalised
Authors: Jerofke‐Owen Teresa , Dahlman Jennifer 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine patients’ experiences and preferences for engaging in their healthcare while hospitalised.BackgroundPromoting patient engagement or involvement in healthcare has become an important component of contemporary, consumer‐oriented approaches to quality care. Previous research on patient engagement highlights that preferences for engagement are not assessed while hospitalised, leading to patient role confusion and frustration.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with patients from January–March 2017 to examine their experiences and preferences for engaging in their care while hospitalised on medical‐surgical units in the United States. Inductive thematic analysis was used to uncover the themes from the interview transcriptions. The reporting of research findings followed the COREQ checklist.ResultsSeventeen patients, eight male and nine female, aged between 19–83 years old were interviewed. Patients had a difficult time articulating how they participated in their care while hospitalised, with the majority stating there were few decisions to be made. Many patients felt that decisions were made prior to or during hospitalisation for them. Patients described their engagement through the following themes: sharing the subjective, involvement of family, information‐gathering, constraints, “I let them take care of me,” and variability.ConclusionsEngagement is a dual responsibility of both nurses and patients. Patients’ experiences highlight that engagement preferences and experiences are not universal between patients, speaking to the importance of assessing patient preferences for engagement in health care upon hospital admission.Relevance to clinical practiceThe articulation of what patients actually experience in the hospital setting contributes to improve nursing practice by offering insight into what is important to the patient and how best to engage with them in their care. The constraints that patients reported facing related to their healthcare engagement should be used to inform the delivery of future engagement interventions in the acute care setting.
The self‐care coping process in patients with chronic heart failure: A qualitative study
Authors: Li Chia‐Chien , Chang Shiow‐Ru , Shun Shiow‐Ching 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo understand the self‐care coping process among chronic heart failure patients.BackgroundPrevious studies have been carried out to understand the experience and the challenges of living with chronic heart failure. However, the coping processes that patients use to overcome self‐care challenges are less understood.DesignA qualitative design with qualitative content analysis of data was employed.MethodsPurposive sampling was conducted to recruit inpatients with chronic heart failure between March 1, 2014–March 1, 2015, in a teaching hospital in Taiwan. Semi‐structured interviews (N = 27) were completed, and a content analysis was performed using an inductive method to explore the self‐care coping processes in patients with chronic heart failure.ResultsThe findings were categorised into three themes: (a) responding to chronic heart failure self‐care (dealing with negative emotions, accepting reality and struggling between a self‐care regime and self preference), (b) finding ways to live with chronic heart failure (enhancing understanding and knowledge about chronic heart failure, maintaining outer and inner self, engaging positively/negatively with others and relying on religious thoughts and seeking consolation) and (c) reinterpreting chronic heart failure and performing meaning‐oriented coping (re‐evaluating the meaning of life, assigning a new perspective for chronic heart failure and discovering a deeper meaning behind it).ConclusionSelf‐appearance concerns should be given more attention by healthcare professionals. Meaning‐oriented coping was found to be helpful to cope with the challenges of chronic heart failure. Thus, there is a need to develop interventions associated with meaning‐oriented coping to enhance coping strategies for chronic heart failure patients.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is suggested for healthcare professionals to understand an individual's coping process and support people with chronic heart failure who struggle with self‐care coping. Furthermore, specific interventions including meaning‐oriented interventions might benefit people with chronic heart failure to cope more successfully.
Clinical handover practices among healthcare practitioners in acute care services: A qualitative study
Authors: Fealy Gerard , Donnelly Suzanne , Doyle Gerardine , Brenner Maria , Hughes Mary , Mylotte Elaine , Nicholson Emma , Zaki Marina 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine clinical handover practices in acute care services in Ireland. Objectives were to examine clinical handover practices between and within teams and between shifts, to identify resources and supports to enhance handover effectiveness and to identify barriers and facilitators of effective handover.BackgroundClinical handover is a high‐risk activity, and ineffective handover practice constitutes a risk to patient safety. Evidence suggests that handover effectiveness is achieved through staff training and standardised handover protocols.DesignThe study design was qualitative‐descriptive using inductive analysis.MethodsThe study involved a series of focus group discussions and interviews among a sample of healthcare practitioners recruited from 12 urban and regional acute hospitals in Ireland. A total of 116 healthcare professionals took part in 28 interviews and 13 focus group discussions. We analysed the data using the directed content analysis method.ResultsData collection generated rich qualitative data, yielding five categories from which two broad themes emerged: “policy and practice” and “handover effectiveness.” The themes and their associated categories indicate that there is limited organisational‐level policy and limited explicit training in clinical handover, that medical and nursing handovers are separate activities with somewhat different purposes and different modes of execution, and that several factors in the acute care setting, including location, timing and documentation, act as either barriers or enablers to handover effectiveness.ConclusionThe evidence in the current study suggests that clinical handover merits increased level of prominence in hospital policies or operating procedures. Medical and nursing handover practices represent distinct activities in their content and execution that may be related to cultural and organisational factors.Relevance to clinical practiceAchieving multidisciplinary team handover requires a change in embedded traditional practices. Several aspects of the clinical handover activities of nursing and medical staff appear to diverge from best‐practice evidence.
“Thrust out of normality”—How adults living with cystic fibrosis experience pulmonary exacerbations: A qualitative study
Authors: Schmid‐Mohler Gabriela , Caress Ann‐Louise , Spirig Rebecca , Benden Christian , Yorke Janelle 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAim and objectivesTo explore the experience of pulmonary exacerbation from the perspective of adults with cystic fibrosis.BackgroundWhile management of pulmonary exacerbations is a pillar of cystic fibrosis care, little is known of patients’ perspectives. Understanding the patient's experience is essential for developing and evaluating interventions in support of patient self‐management.DesignQualitative study with longitudinal study in a subsample.MethodsThe study took place from 2015–2016 in a university hospital. Eighteen patients with cystic fibrosis were included who were ≥18 years of age and had no solid organ transplant. Patients’ experiences were explored through semistructured interviews and analysed using framework analysis. They each participated in one interview, with a subsample (N = 7) being interviewed twice during and once after antibiotic therapy.ResultsPatients (11 men and 7 women; median age 29.5 years, range 19–55 years; median FEV1 45%, range FEV1 23%–105%) experienced pulmonary exacerbations as disruptions of their normality, which led to a substantial increase in their emotional distress. Exacerbations represented a period of threat and domination by CF; that is, symptoms and treatment consumed energy, restricted physical activity and daily life roles. “Noting change,” “waiting until antibiotics help,” “returning to normality” and “establishing a new normality” characterised their descriptions of the pulmonary exacerbation trajectory. Emotional distress was the major driver for patients’ self‐management, and personal goals and illness beliefs influenced also patients’ self‐management decisions.ConclusionThe experienced degree and source of emotional distress are drivers for self‐management decisions in patients with cystic fibrosis who experience a pulmonary exacerbation.Relevance to clinical practiceOur data provide new understanding that will be essential to informing clinical practice, future patient‐reported outcomes measures and intervention development.
Unscheduled News and Market Dynamics
Authors: DUGAST JÉRÔME 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTWhen unscheduled news arrives, investors react with a stochastic delay yet still may exploit new information. In this context, I study the equilibrium dynamics of limit order markets. Continuous idiosyncratic liquidity shocks result in trades on both sides of the order book. News therefore arrives at random times. Following news, order flows become unbalanced and market depth is consumed, leading to positive covariance between price variability, trading volume, and order book unbalances. Holding the unconditional price variability constant, news frequency has a negative effect on both market depth and the variability‐volume covariance.
Equalizing tax bases or tax revenues under tax competition? The role of formula apportionment
Authors: Liesegang Caterina , Runkel Marco 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on fiscal equalization and corporate tax competition. The innovation is that we explicitly model multinational enterprises and a corporate tax system that is designed according to formula apportionment. Two main results are obtained. First, in contrast to previous studies we identify cases where tax revenue equalization is better in mitigating detrimental tax competition than tax base equalization. Second, tax base equalization nevertheless has the advantage that it may render tax rates efficient, depending on the shape of the apportionment formula. A pure payroll formula does not ensure efficiency, but a back‐of‐the‐envelope calibration of our model to Canadian provinces suggests that a pure sales formula may be optimal.