bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary glaciations and cosmogenic 36Cl geochronology of Mount Dedegöl, south‐west Turkey
Authors: Köse Oğuzhan , Sarıkaya M. Akİf , Çİner Attİla , Candaş Adem 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTWe present details on the timing of glaciations during the late Quaternary in the western Taurus Mountain Range of Turkey. Twenty‐five boulders from prominent moraines in three northern glacial valleys of Mount Dedegöl (37.40°N, 31.17°E, 2992 m above sea level, ∼15 km west of Lake Beyşehir) were dated based on cosmogenic 36Cl surface exposure. The geomorphological mapping of the N‐NE‐trending Sayacak, Kisbe and Karagöl valleys and their in situ produced 36Cl glacial chronology revealed several glacial episodes during the late Quaternary from (pre‐Last Glacial Maximum (pre‐LGM) to early Holocene. Pre‐LGM glaciations are represented by a push‐hummocky moraine complex in the northern Sayacak Valley and dated to 29.7 ± 2.9 ka. The ages obtained from these hummocky moraines give substantial evidence regarding ice accumulation before the global LGM. In the same valley, glaciers reached their maximum positions at the LGM and deposited lateral moraines at 19.7 ± 1.6 ka. Lateglacial moraines were dated to between 16.4 ± 0.7 and 12.0 ± 1.0 ka in the nearby east‐facing Karagöl valley. The youngest glacial stages occurred during the Younger Dryas stadial (11.5 ± 0.8 ka) and early Holocene (9.8 ± 1.4 ka) in Mount Dedegöl.
Conducting gene set tests in meta‐analyses of transcriptome expression data
Authors: Kosch Robin , Jung Klaus 
Published: December 2018

Research synthesis, eg, by meta‐analysis, is more and more considered in the area of high‐dimensional data from molecular research such as gene and protein expression data, especially because most studies and experiments are performed with very small sample sizes. In contrast to most clinical and epidemiological trials, raw data are often available for high‐dimensional expression data. Therefore, direct data merging followed by a joint analysis of selected studies can be an alternative to meta‐analysis by P value or effect‐size merging or, more generally spoken, the merging of results.While several methods for meta‐analysis of differential expression studies have been proposed, meta‐analysis of gene set tests has very rarely been considered, although gene set tests are standard in the analysis of individual gene expression studies. We compare in this work the different strategies of research synthesis of gene set tests, in particularly the “early merging” of data cleaned from batch effects versus the “late merging” of individual results.In simulation studies and in examples of manipulated real‐world data, we found that in most scenarios, the early merging has a higher sensitivity of detecting a gene set enrichment than the late merging. However, in scenarios with few studies, large batch effect, moderate and large sample sizes of late merging are more sensitive than early merging.
The Lentiviral System Construction for Highly Expressed Porcine Stearoyl‐CoA Desaturase‐1 and Functional Characterization in Stably Transduced Porcine Swine Kidney Cells
Authors: Hwang Jinhee , Singh Neetu , Long Charles , Smith Stephen B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe most highly regulated and abundant fatty acid in animal tissue is oleic acid (18:1n9). Oleic acid is synthesized by the Δ9 desaturase, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (SCD1), which is responsible for the synthesis of the putative cytokine palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) and 18:2 cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid. Owing to the importance of SCD1 in lipid metabolism, we generated porcine swine kidney (SK6) transgenic cell lines for sustained overexpression or knockdown of porcine stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (pSCD1) in an inducible manner by utilizing a lentiviral expression system. We successfully validated these cell culture models for expression and functionality of pSCD1 by documenting that the pSCD‐transduced cells overexpressed pSCD1 protein and mRNA. Additionally, the pSCD1‐transduced cells increased the conversion of palmitate (16:0) to palmitoleic acid nearly fourfold. The lentiviral vectors utilized in this study can be further used to generate transgenic animals to document the effects of the overexpression of SCD1 on obesity and steatosis.
A High‐Throughput Method for the Analysis of Erythrocyte Fatty Acids and the Omega‐3 Index
Authors: Alqarni Ayedh , Mcintyre Kiara J. , Brown Simon H. J. , Meyer Barbara J. , Mitchell Todd W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOmega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFA) have several health benefits. In particular, low n‐3 LCPUFA status is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and led to the development of the omega‐3 index that is the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the erythrocyte membranes, as a marker of CVD risk. Most methods used to measure the omega‐3 index are laborious and time consuming. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a high‐throughput method for the extraction and measurement of erythrocyte fatty acids and the omega‐3 index. For sample extraction and quantification, two methods were used; a single‐step extraction, degradation, and derivatization method by Lepage and Roy, followed by gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC‐FID), which is commonly used and a high‐throughput method using an automated methyl tert‐butyl ether extraction followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Both methods were first applied to the analysis of known concentrations of synthetic phospholipid (PL) mixtures to determine recovery and precision prior to their application in the analysis of human erythrocytes. The range of recoveries over five synthetic PL mixtures were 86.4–108.9% and the coefficient of variation was <10% (within‐run) and ≤15.2% (between‐run). Both methods showed high correlation (R = 0.993) for the omega‐3 index and there was no systematic bias in the detection of omega‐3 index using either method. The new high‐throughput method described here offers considerable advantages in terms of simplicity and throughput compared to the GC‐FID method and provides additional information on molecular PL concentrations.
Subsurface maxima in buoyant fish eggs indicate vertical velocity shear and spatially limited spawning grounds
Authors: Strand Kjersti Opstad , Vikebø Frode , Sundby Svein , Sperrevik Ann Kristin , Breivik øyvind 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObserved vertical profiles of buoyant particles, in this case pelagic Northeast Arctic (NEA) cod eggs, occasionally deviate from the vertical diffusion‐buoyancy balance by displaying subsurface maxima. Here, we present a mechanism that may explain this phenomenon by combining in situ measurements of NEA cod eggs and concurrent environmental conditions with biophysical modeling of Vestfjorden, Norway. Due to limited observational information, we constructed a spawning season by dispersing eggs with an individual‐based biophysical model forced by a three‐dimensional ocean model including data assimilation improving upper ocean stratification. We show that transient subsurface maxima in eggs are caused by the combination of vertical velocity shear and spatial limitations of spawning grounds. This demonstrates the need for resolving upper ocean small‐scale dynamics in biophysical models to predict horizontal and vertical planktonic dispersal. This is also a precondition for predicting environmental exposure along drift routes, including natural and anthropogenic stressors.
Transdermal delivery of water‐soluble fluorescent antibody mediated by fractional Er:YAG laser for the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus in mice
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Jiang Honghao , Zhang Yamin , Ren Guichao , Dong Liyun , Zhu Jintao , Tu Yating , Tao Juan , Yang Liu 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesAlthough transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has been successfully used for delivering small molecules, its application in the delivery of diagnostic antibodies has been limited due to their large size. In this study, we aim to obtain a broad insight in the dynamics of TRITC‐conjugated Goat Anti‐Mouse IgG (T‐IgG) uptake in fractional Er:YAG laser pretreated skin and provide a new technical option for detecting lupus erythematosus (LE) in mice.MethodsThe skins of SD and MRL/lpr mice were treated by fractional Er:YAG laser followed by external application of T‐IgG. The classic Franz diffusion method was used to observe the effects of different fractional fluences, densities and antibody concentrations on transdermal delivery of T‐IgG at different time points (2, 4, 6, 8, 20, and 24 hours). Frozen tissue sections and confocal microscopy were used to observe the distribution of T‐IgG on the sagittal and coronal planes of murine skin.ResultsIncreased laser fluence (12.5 J/cm2 to 37.5 J/cm2) within 24 hours resulted in the obvious increase in transdermal amounts of T‐IgG during the early stage (before 8 hours). However, increasing laser density (100 pores/cm2 to 200 pores/cm2) produced a significant increase in T‐IgG permeation during the late stage (20 and 24 hours). Unlike fluence and density, increase in T‐IgG loading concentration (0.5 to 2 μg/μl) led to continuous increase in the whole process of transdermal delivery. T‐IgG appeared in the micro‐pores of SD mice skin within 4 hours after treatment in vivo. After 24 hours, it was observed in the skin. In MRL/lpr mice, positive lupus band testing (LBT) could be found on the skin lesion after laser and T‐IgG external application.ConclusionsFractional Er:YAG laser can help antibodies (150 kDa) to implement effective and controllable transdermal delivery. LBT can be achieved in MRL/lpr mice using TDDS in vivo, which may contribute to the minimally invasive diagnosis of LE. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:268–277, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota of hornbill and toucan in captivity
Authors: Sun Cheng‐He , Liu Hong‐Yi , Zhang Yong , Lu Chang‐Hu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGut microbiota plays an important role in animals and are considered microbial organs. Hornbill and toucan are birds of the same ecotypes with high appreciative value. In this study, we characterized and compared the gut microbiota of toco toucan (Ramphastos toco), great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) and wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) using 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing technology, and further discussed the influence of host bird genetics on its gut microbiota. We identified 10,847 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the hyper‐variable V4–V5 region, representing 14 phyla that were dominated by the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Alpha diversity indices showed no significant difference among the three species (p > 0.1). However, great hornbill and toco toucan shared a high number of OTUs. Principal component analysis also revealed highly similar gut microbiotas between the two distant species. Therefore, environmental factors might dominate over host genetics in shaping the gut microbiotas of hornbill and toucan. Our study would contribute in elucidating adaptation of the hornbill and toucan to environmental change.
A weighted rebinned backprojection‐filtration algorithm from partially beam‐blocked data for a single‐scan cone‐beam CT with hybrid type scatter correction
Authors: Min Jonghwan , Pua Rizza , Kim Changhwan , Park Miran , Lee Jongha , Ye Sung‐Joon , Cho Seungryong 
Published: December 2018

PurposeScatter contamination constitutes a dominant source of degradation of image quality in cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT). We have recently developed an analytic image reconstruction method with a scatter correction capability from the partially blocked cone‐beam data out of a single scan. Despite its easy implementation and its computational efficiency, the developed method may result in additional image artifacts for a large cone angle geometry due to data inconsistency. To improve the image quality at a large cone angle, we propose a weighted rebinned backprojection‐filtration (wrBPF) algorithm in conjunction with a hybrid type scatter correction approach.MethodsThe proposed method uses a beam‐blocker array that provides partial data for scatter correction and image reconstruction and that only blocks the beam within a limited cone angle. This design allows a chance to keep the image quality at larger cone angles by use of data redundancy since the projection data corresponding to larger cone angles are not blocked. However, the scatter correction would not be straightforward. In order to correct for the scatter in the projections at larger cone angles, we propose a novel scatter correction method combining a measurement‐based and a convolution‐based method. We first estimated the scatter signal using a measurement‐based method in the partially beam‐blocked regions, and then optimized the fitting parameters of a convolution‐kernel that can be used for scatter correction in the projections at larger cone angles. For image reconstruction, we developed a wrBPF with butterfly filtering. We have conducted an experimental study to validate the proposed algorithm for image reconstruction and scatter correction.ResultsThe experimental results revealed that the developed reconstruction method makes full use of the benefits of partial beam‐blocking for scatter correction and image reconstruction and at the same time enhances image quality at larger cone angles by use of an optimized convolution‐based scatter correction.ConclusionsThe proposed method that enjoys the advantages of both measurement‐based and convolution‐based methods for scatter correction has successfully demonstrated its capability of reconstructing accurate images out of a single scan in circular CBCT.
GAG replenishment therapy for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis
Authors: Wyndaele Jean Jacques J , Riedl Claus , Taneja Rajesh , Lovász Sándor , Ueda Tomohiro , Cervigni Mauro 
Published: December 2018

AimsTo present a rationale for the inclusion of urothelial coating dysfunction in the etipathogenesis of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and the preclinical and clinical evidence in support of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) replenishment therapy in the treatment of BPS/IC, supplemented by the clinical experience of medical experts in the field and patient advocates attending a symposium on GAG replenishment at ESSIC’17, the annual Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Bladder Pain Syndrome, held in Budapest, Hungary in 2017.ResultsThe urothelial GAG layer has a primary role in providing a permeability barrier to prevent penetration of urinary toxins and pathogens into the bladder wall. Disruption of the GAG layer contributes to the development of BPS/IC. The evidence shows that replenishment of GAGs can restore the GAG layer in BPS/IC, reducing inflammation, pain, and other symptoms.ConclusionsAlthough data from large randomized controlled studies are limited, long clinical observation and the experience of clinicians and patients support the beneficial effects of intravesical GAG replenishment therapy for providing symptomatic relief for patients with BPS/IC.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Clinical characteristics, risk factors, course, and outcome of disease
Authors: Anastasopoulou Stavroula , Eriksson Mats A. , Heyman Mats , Wang Chen , Niinimäki Riitta , Mikkel Sirje , Vaitkevičienė Goda E. , Johannsdottir Inga Maria , Myrberg Ida Hed , Jonsson Olafur Gisli , Als‐Nielsen Bodil , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Banerjee Joanna , Harila‐Saari Arja , Ranta Susanna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a distinct entity with incompletely known predisposing factors. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence, risk factors, clinical course, and outcome of PRES in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProcedurePatients aged 1.0 to 17.9 years diagnosed with ALL from July 2008 to December 2015 and treated according to the Nordic Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL2008 protocol were included. Patients with PRES were identified in the prospective NOPHO leukemia toxicity registry, and clinical data were collected from the medical records.ResultsThe study group included 1378 patients, of whom 52 met the criteria for PRES. The cumulative incidence of PRES at one month was 1.7% (95% CI, 1.1–2.5) and at one year 3.7% (95% CI, 2.9–4.9). Older age (hazard ratios [HR] for each one‐year increase in age 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0–1.2, P = 0.001) and T‐cell immunophenotype (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.6–5.3, P = 0.0005) were associated with PRES. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement (odds ratios [OR] = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2–6.5, P = 0.015) was associated with early PRES and high‐risk block treatment (HR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.1–6.4, P = 0.033) with late PRES. At follow‐up of the PRES patients, seven patients had epilepsy and seven had neurocognitive difficulties.ConclusionPRES is a neurotoxicity in the treatment of childhood ALL with both acute and long‐term morbidity. Older age, T‐cell leukemia, CNS involvement and high‐risk block treatment are risk factors for PRES.
Evaluation of Prophylactic Heparin Dosage Strategies and Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in the Critically Ill Patient
Authors: Reynolds Paul M. , Van Matre Edward T. , Wright Garth C. , McQueen Robert Brett , Burnham Ellen L. , Ho Pei Jai Michael , Moss Marc , Vandivier Robert William , Kiser Tyree H. ,   Colorado Pulmonary Outcomes Research Group (CPOR)
Published: December 2018

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs frequently in critically ill patients without heparin prophylaxis. Although heparin prevents VTE, VTEs occur frequently despite prophylaxis. A higher heparin dosage may be more effective for preventing VTE.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using the Premier Incorporated Perspective Database to evaluate comparatively the effects of different heparin prophylaxis dosing strategies in the critically ill patient. Critically ill adult patients who were mechanically ventilated for at least 1 day and had an intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay of at least 2 days were included. Patients received 5000 units of heparin either twice/day or 3 times/day. The primary outcome was development of a new VTE. Key secondary outcomes included clinically important bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and mortality. Patients were propensity matched to control for confounding. Multivariable analysis was conducted for VTE risk factors.ResultsThe study included 30,800 patients from 374 hospitals who were propensity matched by heparin dosage. New VTE occurred in 6.16% of patients treated with 3 times/day heparin versus 6.23% with twice/day heparin (p=0.8). No significant differences in the incidence of pulmonary embolism (0.91% vs 0.8%, p=0.29) or deep vein thrombosis (5.56% vs 5.70% p=0.59) were observed between the two types of heparin dosing. No differences were observed between the two types of heparin dosing in in‐hospital mortality (15.8% vs 15.15%), bleeding (0.23% vs 0.33%), or thrombocytopenia (5.19% vs 5.34%, p>0.08 for all), respectively. Risk factors associated with VTE included intraabdominal and urinary tract infections, loop diuretics, malnutrition, obesity, thrombocytopenia, paralytics, vasopressors, female sex, peripheral vascular disease, sepsis, neutropenia, and end‐stage renal disease. Antiplatelet therapy, heart failure, diabetes, and substance abuse were associated with reduced VTE (p<0.05 for all).ConclusionsIn critically ill patients, prophylactic dosing of heparin 3 times/day versus twice/day was not associated with differences in new VTE or safety outcomes. Several modifiable VTE risk factors were identified.
The concurrent validity of a Web‐based self‐report assessment for personality disorders
Authors: Chakhssi Farid , Dijksman Ies , Velmans Mara L. , Zoet J. Monique , Oostendorp Jeanine M. , Dinant Geert‐Jan , Spigt Mark 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIncorporating online tools in clinical practice could help improve routine assessments of personality disorders and their co‐occurring clinical disorders. TeleScreen, a Web‐based self‐report questionnaire for DSM‐IV disorders, has not yet been compared with well‐validated structured interviews for clinical and personality disorders. Patients with personality disorders (n = 89) were assessed with TeleScreen and independently interviewed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis‐I disorders (SCID‐I) and personality disorders (SCID‐II). The concurrent validity was examined using sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Five personality disorders had a prevalence rate higher than 4% and could be examined in the analyses: borderline, obsessive–compulsive, dependent, avoidant and paranoid personality disorders. TeleScreen showed moderate to good validity for borderline personality disorder and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder but suboptimal validity for the dependent, avoidant and paranoid personality disorders. Clinical disorders showed moderate to good values, except for social phobia, dysthymia and eating disorders. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the concurrent validity of TeleScreen for some personality disorders, such as the borderline personality disorder, and pave the way for larger studies to confirm these results. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local open‐ and closed‐loop manipulation of multiagent networks
Authors: Sahabandu Dinuka , Abad Torres Jackeline , Dhal Rahul , Roy Sandip 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe manipulation of networked cyberphysical devices via local external actuation or feedback control is explored, in the context of a canonical multiagent dynamical system that is engaged in a consensus or synchronization task. One main focus is to understand whether or not, and how easily, a stakeholder can manipulate the full network's dynamics by hijacking only one agent's actuation signal. Explicit spectral characterizations are given of the energy (effort) required to manipulate the dynamics. These characterizations are used to (1) gain structural insights into ease of manipulation, (2) show that manipulation along the consensus manifold is easy, and (3) address network design to enable or prevent manipulation. Additionally, it is shown that the multiagent system can be manipulated effectively along the consensus manifold using local feedback controls, which do not require model knowledge or wide‐area measurements.
Observer‐based adaptive control for nonlinear strict‐feedback stochastic systems with output constraints
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Liang Hongjing , Li Tieshan , Ma Hui 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this paper, an adaptive output‐feedback control problem is investigated for nonlinear strict‐feedback stochastic systems with input saturation and output constraint. A barrier Lyapunov function is used to solve the problem of output constraint. Then, fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and a fuzzy state observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured states. To overcome the difficulties in designing the control signal in the saturation, we introduce an auxiliary signal in the n + 1th step in the deduction. By combining Nussbaum technique and the adaptive backstepping technique, an adaptive output‐feedback control method is developed. The proposed control method not only overcomes the problem of the compensation for the nonlinear term from the input saturation but also overcomes the problem of unavailable state measurements. It is proved that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation results.