bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of and risk factors for abnormal vaginal flora and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes in a rural district in north‐east Bangladesh
Authors: Baqui Abdullah H. , Lee Anne C. C. , Koffi Alain K. , Khanam Rasheda , Mitra Dipak K. , Dasgupta Sushil K. , Uddin Jamal , Ahmed Parvez , Rafiqullah Iftekhar , Rahman Mahmoodur , Quaiyum Abdul , Koumans Emilia H. , Christian Parul , Saha Samir K. , Mullany Luke C. , Labrique Alain ,   the MIST Study Team of the Projahnmo Study Group in Bangladesh
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe role of screening and treatment for abnormal vaginal flora (AVF) on adverse pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. Using data from women who participated in a population‐based cluster randomized trial who were screened and treated for AVF, we report risk factors for AVF and association of persistent AVF with adverse perinatal outcomes.Material and methodsPregnant women (n = 4221) <19 weeks of gestation provided self‐administered mid‐vaginal swabs; smears were Nugent‐scored. AVF was treated with oral clindamycin; if AVF was present 3 weeks after treatment, persistent AVF was re‐treated. We examined risk factors for AVF and the association of persistent AVF with adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsThe prevalence of AVF was 16.5%: 9.8% of women had bacterial vaginosis and 6.8% had intermediate flora. Lower economic and educational status of women were associated with increased risk of AVF. One‐third of women with AVF had persistent abnormal flora; these women had a higher risk of a composite measure of adverse pregnancy outcomes from 20 to <37 weeks (preterm live birth, preterm still birth, late miscarriage) (relative risk [RR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07‐1.65) and of late miscarriage alone (RR 4.15, 95% CI 2.12‐8.12) compared to women without AVF.ConclusionsIn this study in Sylhet District, Bangladesh, rates of AVF and persistent AVF were high and persistent AVF was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, with an especially high associated risk for late miscarriage. Further characterization of the microbiome and relative bacterial species density associated with persistent AVF is needed.
Outcome‐Based Perceptions of Morality and Support for Political Candidates
Authors: Drolet Caroline E. , Hafer Carolyn L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Trump supporters expressed that they believed Trump was a moral candidate because of his past successes. Such statements are consistent with our argument that people judge others’ morality based on their success and failure‐related outcomes, even though these outcomes are usually associated with judgments of competence. Moreover, we argue that these outcome‐based perceptions of morality play a crucial role in responses to political candidates, independent of perceived competence. In three experiments, we manipulated a hypothetical candidate's outcomes (past successes vs. failures, or success in light of past misfortune vs. good fortune). We examined the effect of the manipulation on perceptions of the candidate's morality and competence, as well as support for the candidate (e.g., voting intentions). Across the three experiments, candidates’ outcomes affected not only perceptions of their competence, but also their morality. In turn, outcome‐based perceptions of competence and morality independently predicted candidate support. Our findings have implications for how people responded to the campaigns in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, especially the campaign run by Donald Trump.
Improving empathy with motivational strategies in batterer intervention programmes: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Romero‐Martínez Ángel , Lila Marisol , Gracia Enrique , Moya‐Albiol Luis 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesEmpathy (i.e., the ability to decode emotions, as well as cognitive and emotional empathy) is involved in moral reasoning, prosocial behaviour, social and emotional adequacy, mood and behaviour regulation. Hence, alterations in these functions could reduce behaviour control and the adoption of specific types of violence such as intimate partner violence (IPV). Although interventions forIPVperpetrators focus on reducingIPVrisk factors and increasing protective factors to prevent this kind of violence, the study of the effectiveness of these programmes in promoting changes in empathy (cognitive and emotional) has been neglected.DesignHence, the main aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two different modalities ofIPVintervention programmes (Standard Batterer Intervention Programs [SBIP] vs.SBIP + Individualized Motivational Plan [IMP]) in promoting empathic improvements after both interventions.MethodParticipants were randomly assigned to receiveSBIP(n = 40) orSBIP + IMP(n = 53). The effectiveness of the intervention in the total sample and the group effects were evaluated with general linear model repeated‐measuresANOVA.ResultsResults revealed that only theIPVperpetrators who received theSBIP + IMPwere more accurate in decoding emotional facial signals and presented better cognitive empathy (perspective taking) after the intervention programme.ConclusionsOur study reinforces the view that different modalities ofIPVintervention might lead to different cognitive outcomes after the intervention. Thus, these results may help professionals to develop specific intervention programmes focused on improving cognitive abilities in order to reduceIPVrecidivism.Practitioner pointsInterventions for batterers’ neglected empathic changes after these programmes.Not enough randomized controlled trials for these kinds of interventions.An improvement in the ability to decode emotions after the intervention programme.An improvement in cognitive empathy (perspective taking) after the intervention programme.Different modalities of IPV intervention might lead to different cognitive outcomes after the intervention.
Effects of development of wind energy and associated changes in land use on bird densities in upland areas
Authors: Fernández‐Bellon Darío , Wilson Mark W. , Irwin Sandra , O'Halloran John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWind energy development is the most recent of many pressures on upland bird communities and their habitats. Studies of birds in relation to wind energy development have focused on effects of direct mortality, but the importance of indirect effects (e.g., displacement, habitat loss) on avian community diversity and stability is increasingly being recognized. We used a control‐impact study in combination with a gradient design to assess the effects of wind farms on upland bird densities and on bird species grouped by habitat association (forest and open‐habitat species). We conducted 506 point count surveys at 12 wind‐farm and 12 control sites in Ireland during 2 breeding seasons (2012 and 2013). Total bird densities were lower at wind farms than at control sites, and the greatest differences occurred close to turbines. Densities of forest species were significantly lower within 100 m of turbines than at greater distances, and this difference was mediated by habitat modifications associated with wind‐farm development. In particular, reductions in forest cover adjacent to turbines was linked to the observed decrease in densities of forest species. Open‐habitat species’ densities were lower at wind farms but were not related to distance from turbines and were negatively related to size of the wind farm. This suggests that, for these species, wind‐farm effects may occur at a landscape scale. Our findings indicate that the scale and intensity of the displacement effects of wind farms on upland birds depends on bird species’ habitat associations and that the observed effects are mediated by changes in land use associated with wind‐farm construction. This highlights the importance of construction effects and siting of turbines, tracks, and other infrastructure in understanding the impacts of wind farms on biodiversity.
Meeting in the Middle: Scaling‐up and Scaling‐over in Alternative Food Networks
Authors: Brislen Lilian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe “scaling‐up” of Alternative Food Networks (AFN) through food hubs and other values‐based supply chains has the potential to simultaneously serve the needs of mid‐sized farmers and expand the scope of AFN impact and access. This paper argues for greater consideration of the process and practice of scaling‐up as it applies to farmers transitioning into AFNs from conventional markets. Interviews with mid‐sized farmers from two food hubs in the Southeastern U.S. shows that food hub farmers consist of a mixture of new‐entrant farmers growing their farm enterprises from direct markets, and heritage (e.g., multi‐generational) farmers already engaged in large‐scale production who are scaling‐over to wholesale AFNs from traditional commodity production. Relative to first‐generation farmers, the larger scale heritage farmers have distinct motivations and challenges that vary along a number of dimensions of their personal and enterprise history. The paper concludes that by supporting the unique needs of mid‐sized farmers scaling‐over from conventional markets, Food Hubs can play a transformative role in the expansion of AFNs and thus the broader goal of transforming our food systems.
Small Farms, Big Plans: Mechanization and Specialization as Measures of “The Middle”
Authors: Janssen Brandi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOver the past decades, farms in the U.S. have become fewer and larger. Along with the trend of increasing in size, farms have become increasingly specialized, producing fewer products per farm, and mechanized, relying on precision equipment rather than human labor. The concepts of farm size, specialization, and mechanization, appear to be tightly articulated. As a farm increases in size, it becomes more specialized and reliant on equipment. Conversely, a smaller farm is more diverse and labor‐intensive. This paper attempts to disconnect these three concepts by first showing where anthropologists have questioned the inevitability of increasing specialization and mechanization as farm size increases, particularly in the years following the 1980s farm crisis. Second, using ethnographic examples from local food producers in Iowa, this paper explores the utility of specialization and mechanization, even on very small acreages. Using ethnographic analysis to disentangle specialization and mechanization with farm size can help us reconceptualize what we mean by the agricultural middle, focusing on farm practices, rather than farm size.
What is a fourdimensionalist to do about temporally extended properties?
Authors: Perovic Katarina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSome properties and relations take time to be instantiated. They are not instantiated at a time, but through a temporal interval. Cognitive properties and relations such as understanding and thinking are like this, but also many biological, chemical, and microphysical properties and relations such as absorbing, freezing, radiating, and decaying. In this paper, I make a case for taking seriously such temporally extended properties (TEPs). I argue that they are ubiquitous and that our current theories of persistence would do well to make room for them in their ontology. The focus here is on fourdimensionalism and different ways it can accommodate TEPs. I explore four different ways of dealing with TEPs within a fourdimensionalist framework. These are: (a) to make the objects that bear apparent TEPs temporally more extended or “chunky,” while giving TEPs a reductive or eliminativist treatment in favor of instantaneous properties (IPs); (b) to make a series of objects the bearer of TEP predicates, while, again, holding only to IPs; (c) to endorse TEPs in their own right and take them to be temporally extended in a literal sense; and (d) to hold on to TEPs as atemporal properties and make the exemplification relation temporally extended. I discuss each of these options and highlight the types of problems that a fourdimensionalist faces in attempting to accommodate TEPs. I conclude that fourdimensionalists do not yet have a satisfactory account of TEPs in their hands.
Stereo‐electroencephalography‐guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation in patients with focal epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bourdillon Pierre , Cucherat Michel , Isnard Jean , Ostrowsky‐Coste Karine , Catenoix Hélène , Guénot Marc , Rheims Sylvain 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveDespite the increasing number of studies reporting results of stereo‐electroencephalography (SEEG)–guided radiofrequency‐thermocoagulation (SEEG‐guided RF‐TC) in the treatment of patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, the exact efficacy of this approach remains unclear. The seizure‐freedom rate varies greatly across studies and the factors associated with efficacy have not been formally investigated.MethodsAll prospective or retrospective studies reporting efficacy and/or safety of SEEG‐guided RF‐TC in patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy were included. The primary outcome was the seizure‐free rate 1 year after the procedure. Secondary outcomes were (1) the responder rate 1 year after the procedure and (2) the proportion of patients with permanent neurologic deficit 1 year after the procedure. Each outcome was assessed in all patients and in 4 groups of patients defined by the etiology of epilepsy. Each outcome was pooled using inverse variance weighting, logit transformation of proportion, and a random‐effects model.ResultsNo prospective study was identified and a total of 6 retrospective studies, reporting efficacy and safety data of 296 patients, were included. The pooled rate of permanent neurologic deficit was 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2%‐5.3%), without heterogeneity across studies. In contrast, both the seizure‐free and responder rates varied greatly across studies, and statistical heterogeneity was high. The pooled seizure‐free and responder rates were 23% (95% CI 8%‐50%) and 58% (95% CI 36%‐77%), respectively. Both for the seizure‐free and responder rates, the greatest efficacy was observed in patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia and the lowest in patients with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.SignificanceSEEG‐guided RF‐TC is a safe procedure with low risk of complications. In contrast, the level of evidence regarding its efficacy remains low. Better identification of factors associated with seizure outcome are needed.
Bringing nature back: using hibernation to reboot organ preservation
Authors: Hadj‐Moussa Hanane , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: October 2018

Recently, organ transplant therapy has received a major boost from a change in perspective – a move away from damaging, cold static organ storage to the use of warm normothermic perfusion. The concept for warm preservation is one that has been borrowed from Nature, and it is only fitting that we go back to the wild for more ‘tricks’ to further improve warm organ stabilization. Current warm preservation strategies are designed to mimic natural conditions in the human body as closely as possible, but what if we could mimic these conditions while simultaneously inducing a reversible state of torpor that would further extend the viability window of donor organs? Indeed, the original driver for using cold organ storage was its ability to strongly reduce metabolic rate many‐fold when organs were cooled from 37 to 5 °C. Herein, we discuss the adaptations that allow warm hibernators such as bears and lemurs (fellow primates) to naturally depress their metabolic rate and retreat into states of suspended animation, and how these can be applied to improve organ transplant therapy. Can we look to Nature for instructions to induce torpor in human organs? This article discusses the possibilities.
Trophic interactions across 61 degrees of latitude in the Western Atlantic
Authors: Longo Guilherme O. , Hay Mark E. , Ferreira Carlos E. L. , Floeter Sergio R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe aim was to evaluate the hypothesis that biotic interactions are more intense in the tropics using reef fishes (from both functional and taxonomic perspectives), the crucial consumers on most reefs.LocationFifteen reef locations between 34°N and 27°S in the Western Atlantic.Time period2011–2014.Major taxa studiedReef fishes.MethodsWe quantified fish feeding pressure on the benthos across 61° of latitude in the Western Atlantic via 1,038 10 min videos of 2 m2 reef areas, where every fish feeding on the benthos was identified, had its total length estimated, and the number of bites on the reef substratum was counted. Fish were assigned to functional groups based on diet and feeding modes. Benthic cover estimates were also obtained through visual assessments from the videos.ResultsWe documented feeding rates that were 2‐ to 22‐fold higher in tropical versus extratropical locations. This pattern was driven mainly by an interaction between fish functional group and temperature, with herbivory dominating in tropical regions (c. 20‐fold higher), shifting to omnivory in temperate regions of both Hemispheres. Feeding by invertivores was common across all latitudes. Consumer species composition differed between Northern and Southern Hemispheres, but functional groups were similar, and their feeding changed in a similar manner with temperature regardless of Hemisphere.Main conclusionsOur results support the hypothesis that biotic interactions, especially plant–herbivore interactions, are more intense in the tropics. These findings help to explain the lower palatability of tropical versus extratropical seaweeds and suggest that herbivory is favoured in warm conditions but omnivory in colder waters. The functional approach indicated that factors associated with latitude or temperature have selected for similar feeding functions among the different species occupying these geographical regions. Understanding the shifting trophic interactions across latitudes might help to predict the impacts of global changes on ecosystem function as tropical species move polewards and contact temperate systems.
The impacts of introduced House Mice on the breeding success of nesting seabirds on Gough Island
Authors: Caravaggi Anthony , Cuthbert Richard J. , Ryan Peter G. , Cooper John , Bond Alexander L 
Published: October 2018

Invasive species are the main threat to island biodiversity; seabirds are particularly vulnerable and are one of the most threatened groups of birds. Gough Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the South Atlantic Ocean, is an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area, and one of the most important seabird colonies globally. Invasive House Mice Mus musculus depredate eggs and chicks of most seabird species on the island, but the extent of their impact has not been quantified. We used field data and bootstrapped normal distributions to estimate breeding success and the number of surviving chicks for 10 seabird species on Gough Island, and compared estimates with those of analogous species from predator‐free islands. We examined the effects of season and nest‐site location on the breeding success of populations on Gough Island, predicting that the breeding success of Gough birds would be lower than that of analogues, particularly among small burrow‐nesting species. We also predicted that winter‐breeding species would exhibit lower breeding success than summer‐breeding species, because mice have fewer alternative food sources in winter; and below‐ground nesters would have lower breeding success than surface nesters, as below‐ground species are smaller so their chicks are easier prey for mice. We did indeed find that seabirds on Gough Island had low breeding success compared with analogues, losing an estimated 1 739 000 (1 467 000–2 116 000) eggs/chicks annually. Seven of the 10 focal species on Gough Island had particularly high chick mortality and may have been subject to intense mouse predation. Below‐ground and winter breeders had lower breeding success than surface‐ and summer‐breeders. MacGillivray's Prion Pachyptila macgillivrayi, Atlantic Petrel Pterodroma incerta and Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena are endemic or near‐endemic to Gough Island and are likely to be driven to extinction if invasive mice are not removed.
Changes in the area of optimal tree cover of a declining Afro‐Palaearctic migrant across the species’ wintering range
Authors: Buchanan Graeme M. , Mallord John W. , Orsman Christopher J. , Roberts Japheth T. , Boafo Kwame , Skeen Roger Q. , Whytock Robin C. , Hulme Mark F. , Guilain Tsetagho , Segniagbeto Gabriel H. , Assou Délagnon , Vickery Juliet A. 
Published: October 2018

Land use change in sub‐Saharan Africa continues apace, but its role in driving the declines of Afro‐Palaearctic migrant birds is unknown. This is due partly to a lack of knowledge of migrants’ requirements on the wintering grounds, and of spatially explicit assessments of land cover change. We compared tree cover data derived from satellite remote sensing (available for the period 2000–2014) with distributional data from surveys in four West African countries for the Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix, one such declining migrant, to determine the extent of, and change in, optimal tree cover. Wood Warblers were most likely to occur where tree cover per hectare was between 40 and 61% (optimal tree cover). Extrapolation to the whole of the wintering range indicated there was a 46.7% net increase in extent between 2000 and 2014. This was due to an alarming 27 683 km2 of previously closed forest being degraded from > 61% cover to between 40 and 61%, an area greater than that of the optimal tree cover that was lost. Increases in optimal tree cover were greatest in countries with greatest forest cover, such as Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire and Democratic Republic of Congo. The results suggest that loss of optimal tree cover in the wintering range might not be a key driver of population decline for Wood Warblers, but the degradation will probably impact species that rely upon dense tree cover.
Glutathione transferase modulates acute ethanol‐induced sedation in Drosophila neurones
Authors: Choi H.‐J. , Cha S. J. , Kim K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHeavy alcohol consumption leads to neuropathological damage and alcohol use disorder, which affects the health of people and results in a cost burden. However, the genes modulating sensitivity to ethanol remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a novel gene, Drosophila glutathione transferase omega 1 (GstO1), which plays a critical role in regulating sensitivity to ethanol sedation. GstO1 mutant flies showed highly increased ethanol sensitivity. Furthermore, the expression level of GstO1 regulates the behavioural response to ethanol, because decreasing and increasing GstO1 affects sedation sensitivity in a contrasting manner. In addition, the RNA interference‐mediated knockdown of GstO1 expression reveals that GstO1 mediates sensitivity to ethanol sedation in neurones, including dopaminergic and serotonergic neurones. Altogether, our findings provide the first evidence for the involvement of glutathione transferase in the response to alcohol in Drosophila and provide a novel mechanistic insight into the toxicity and sensitivity of ethanol exposure.