bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medellín: A Igreja no tempo e no lugar certo
Authors: Brighenti Agenor 
Published: November 2018

Medellín é fruto de uma Igreja no tempo e no lugar certo. Foi uma ousadia da Igreja na América Latina, que continua fazendo caminho, 50 anos depois. Bispos proféticos, catalisadores de um conjunto de iniciativas arrojadas e assessorados por teólogos e pastoralistas de primeira grandeza, desencadearam um processo eclesial que mudaria radicalmente o perfil da Igreja na América Latina. Para o Autor, os fatores que possibilitaram a realização da II Conferência são basicamente quatro: o momento de profundas transformações da década revolucionária de 1960; uma Igreja sintonizada com seu momento histórico e atenta aos novos sinais dos tempos; a renovação do Vaticano II, do qual Medellín foi uma “recepção criativa”; e o fato de Medellín ter feito do Concílio mais um “ponto de partida” do que um “ponto de chegada”. Abstract: Medellín is fruit of a Church that is at the right time and in the right place. It was a daring movement of the Latin American Church, a Church that still continues to follow this path fifty years later. Prophetic bishops, catalytic agents of a set of daring moves and assisted by theologians and pastoralists of first magnitude, launched an ecclesial process that would radically change the Latin American Church’s profile. For the Author, the factors that made possible the realization of the II Conference are basically four: the moment of deep transformations in the revolutionary decade of 1960; a Church in tune with its historical moment and alert to the new signs of the times; the Vatican II’s renovation, of which Medellín was a “creative reception” and the fact that Medellín made of the Council a “starting point” rather than “a point of arrival”. Keywords: Church; Latin America; Vatican II; Medellín; Poor.
Characteristics and main clinical outcomes of patients undergoing transtibial amputation
Authors: De Souza Silvio Renato Silva , Mansur Henrique , Pinto Zaira Reinaldo de Sousa Moreira , Castro Júnior Isnar Moreira 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To analyse the epidemiological profile of patients undergoing transtibial amputation (TTA) of the lower limb, including the prosthetic fitting rate, the degree of patient satisfaction, and postoperative complications. Methods: This retrospective study was designed to analyse the epidemiological profile of patients undergoing TTA from 2012 through 2016. Prosthetic fitting rate, degree of satisfaction, and postoperative complications were analysed. Results: The sample included 68 patients, of whom 42 were male (62.7%), with a mean age of 50.3 years. Of the participants, 61.2% had finished elementary school only, and 46.2% were white. The most common reason for amputation was chronic osteomyelitis, which was present in 53.7% of participants. A prosthesis was fitted in 89.6% of patients, with most (78.3%) adapting to it well. Of the participants, 40.3% experienced postoperative complications, and mortality was 21.9%. Regarding satisfaction, 76.1% of patients were not satisfied with the surgical outcome. Conclusion: Patients who underwent TTA were most commonly white males of approximately 50 years of age; the most prevalent comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and the most frequent reason for amputation was chronic osteomyelitis. Patient dissatisfaction was significantly associated with age (>60 years old) and depression. The prosthetic fitting rate and adaptation to the prosthesis were directly related to patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence IV; Therapeutic Studies; Case Series.
Increase in MMP-9 Expressing CD11b+ cells in a CD44 Dependent Way Reduces Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Kar Sujata , Kar Kalipada 
Published: November 2018

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a dangerous neurodegenerative disorder. Various aspects of the disease have been studied in experimental animal model. Migration of immune cells to the central nervous system (CNS) is a predominant feature of MS. CD44 molecule has been reported to be involved in many important biological processes including contribution in severing inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) interaction with CD44 has been well known to be involved in cellular adhesion, transmigration and inflammation. In this study, we were interested to examine the role of phagocytic cells expressing MMP-9 in resolving EAE. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 WT and CD44 KO mice were used as EAE animal model. The level of phagocytic cells expressing MMP-9 in the secondary lymphoid organs were assessed in EAE induced WT as well as CD44 KO animals. Results: EAE severity was found in CD44 KO group compared to WT. Level of CD11b cells (marker of phagocytic cell) in the peritoneal cells expressing MMP-9 was higher in WT compared to CD44 KO. CD11b stained area found to be greater in WT lymph node compared to CD44 KO. Conclusions: This observation suggests the role of CD44 molecule in modulating the immune scenario which is related to disease severity. This study also opens avenues for the specific inflammatory roles of different immune cells in MS.Keywords: multiple sclerosis; EAE; CD44; MMP-9; CD11b; CNS.
Diverse Presentation of Meckel’s Diverticulum in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kumar Sujit , Jalan Aditya , Patowary Bhupendranath , Gurung Sarita Rana , Belbase Narayan , Mahaseth Subhash 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionMeckel’s Diverticulum is the most common congenital disease and seen in 2% of population. It is difficult to diagnose preoperative, mostly seen during operation with its various presentation.Material and Methods This is a retrospective study in which all the cases diagnosed as Meckel’s diverticulum with its complication diagnosed while doing operation were included. Demographic data, clinical presentation, preoperative diagnosis, intraoperative findings, surgical procedure performed, histopathological report and postoperative follow up of patients were recorded and statistically analyzed. The aim of this study was to assess various presentation of Meckel’s diverticulum in 8 years of duration in college of medical sciences, Bharatpur Nepal. ResultsOut of 32 cases, there were 20 male and 12 female with M:F ratio1.66:1. The mean age was 8.34 ± 3.98 years. All together sixteen (50%) patients had features intestinal obstruction. Perforation was seen in 28.1% patients, intussusception in 21.8%, diverticulitis in 15.6%, small bowel volvulus around fibrous band in 18.8%, internal herniation in 9.4% and massive bleeding in 6.3% patients. The average distance from ileocecal junction was 40-60 cm. All cases underwent emergency laparotomy, presence of Meckel’s diverticulum was incidental intraoperative finding. Three cases had superficial wound infection. Small intestine mucosa followed by gastric, pancreatic and colonic mucosa were most common histological finding. The average duration of hospital stay was 5 to 8 days.ConclusionMeckel's Diverticulum is a true diverticular anomaly that may remain clinically silent for lifetime, or it may have life-threatening complications. Due to nonspecific features in case of acute abdomen, Meckel’s diverticulum and its complications should be kept as an important differential diagnosis.Keywords: intestinal obstruction; meckel’s diverticulum; volvulus.
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and its Relationship with Parafunctional Habits among Undergraduate Medical and Dental Students
Authors: Acharya Sudeep , Pradhan Amita , Chaulagain Rajib , Shah Ankur 
Published: November 2018

Background: Temporomandibular disorder is a term used to describe problems involving temporomandibular joint, muscles of mastication, occlusion characterized by symptoms such as pain, restricted movements and intermittent joint sound. The present study was conducted to determine prevalence of TMD and to describe its association with parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 345 undergraduate students of KIST Medical College and Hospital. Study population was selected by simple random sampling and the Fonseca Anamnestic Questionnaires were distributed. Data analysis was done in SPSS version 16 . Results: The prevalence of TMD was 47.4% with mild and moderate type of TMD present. The most common habit was chewing gums followed by biting of lips and biting of objects. Statistically significant difference in TMD groups was observed in clenching and grinding of teeth, biting of lips and biting of objects (p<0.001). There was statistically significant association between TMD and the signs and symptoms such as headaches, difficult to open mouth, muscular pain while chewing (p<0.001). Conclusions: A statistically significant association was found between biting of lips, grinding of teeth and mouth breathing with TMD.Keywords: parafunctional habits; prevalence; TMD .
A Comparative Study Between Two Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Ropivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Singh Jeevan , Shakya Samir , Ghimire Anuranjan , Saha Sanjay , Singh Parikshit Bikram 
Published: November 2018

Background: Though, various studies have been conducted to show the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to brachial plexus block, there is no clear consensus for its optimal dose. We compared 2 different doses of dexmedetomidine (1mcg/kg Vs 2mcg/kg) with ropivaciane in USG guided brachial plexus block for the quality of anesthesia and analgesia. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients (18-50years, 50-60kgs), ASA PS I and II undergoing surgery of upper limb were enrolled in this prospective, double blind, randomized control trial. Group Rd received 19ml of 0.5% Ropivaciane with 1mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine (total 20ml), and Group RD received 19ml of 0.5% Ropivacaine with 2mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine (total 20ml). Onset and duration of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia, sedation score, hemodyanamic changes were compared. We also monitored for various un towards effects. Results: The onset time of sensory and motor block (9.36±1.114 mins and 14.40 ± 1.528 mins in group Rd vs 8.32 ±0.945 mins and 12.40 ± 1.21 mins in group RD) were not significantly different between two groups (p-value > 0.05).The duration of sensory and motor block (596.20 ± 76.859 mins and 541.20±81.564 mins in group Rd vs 730.80 + 65.187 mins and 659.80±93.607 mins in group RD) were not significantly longer in group RD than group Rd (p-value > 0.05). The duration of analgesia (626.00±70.475 mins in group Rd vs 754.00±60.139 mins in group RD) were not significantly longer in group RD than group Rd (p-value > 0.05). Hemodynamic parameters were also comparable between two groups (p-value >0.05) but 3 patients in RD group (2mcg/kg) developed bradycardia and required treatment with atropine whereas in Rd group (1mcg/kg) none developed bradycardia. Conclusions: There is no significant difference in the onset and duration of block between the two groups. However, higher dose of dexmedetomidine is associated bradycardia. Hence, in comparision with 2mcg/kg, 1mcg/kg of dexmedetomidine is better adjuvant to 0.5% ropivaciane in terms of safety and effectiveness.Keywords: dexmedetomidine; ropivacaine; supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Study on Knowledge and Practices of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene among Secondary School Students
Authors: Shrestha Marina Vaidya , Manandhar Naresh , Joshi Sunil Kumar 
Published: November 2018

Background: Provision of adequate water supply, sanitation, hygiene and waste management in schools has a number of positive effects. The study focuses on children because disease related to water; sanitation and hygiene are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised of 220 students. Participants involved were Government school students of grades 9-10 in Sindhupalchowk and Bhaktapur. Data consisted of hygiene and hand washing practices, knowledge about sanitation and personal hygiene characteristics. Results: This study revealed that knowledge regarding water borne disease was high among Urban school students 86.5% but knowledge regarding transmission route seemed inadequate in both urban and rural students (35% and 16% respectively). The practice on hand washing was found high (94.4%).There was significant difference in the knowledge of students regarding WASH in urban and rural settings of the school (P value<0.001). Treated water facility and hand washing facilities with water was found lacking in rural schools. Schools from the urban area had proper hand washing facilities, but there was not any soap available in both the areas. Conclusions: The knowledge and practice of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) among secondary school students is still poor. The knowledge of WASH in secondary school students when compared to the rural areas, urban areas had better on the basis of knowledge score.Keywords: hygiene; knowledge; practice; water; sanitation.
K. CHUKOVSKY AND V. NABOKOV: GLIMPSES OF THEIR PERSONAL AND LITERARY RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Pudikov I. 
Published: November 2018

The relationship between K. Chukovsky and V. Nabokov is a topic little covered by scholars. Even less is written about the mutual literary influence of the two preeminent Russian authors. The article examines their journals, letters and literary works to reveal the development of their artistic disputes.Doyens of Russian culture, the two simply couldn’t have ignored each other, especially as they met in person before the Revolution and thanks to literary circumstances. The article shows that each one’s personal and artistic opinions were bound to cause a clash of worldviews, which indeed took place on paper, and continued without any face-to-face polemics.The author finds a lot of similarities in the two writers’ creative method: they both demonstrate astonishing literary erudition, synthesize new imagery, plots and narrative forms. Both favoured formalistic and stylistic experimentation, literary game and cryptography, pranking, puns, allusions, and anagrams.
Özel Yetenekli Öğrencilerde İnternet ve Oyun Bağımlılığı ile Algılanan Sosyal Destek Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Yavuz Oğuzhan 
Published: November 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Bilim ve Sanat
Merkezine devam eden özel yetenekli öğrencilerin internet ve oyun bağımlılığı
düzeyleri ile algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeylerinin cinsiyet, yaş durumu,
haftalık internet kullanım süresi, internet kullanım amacına göre incelemektir.
Ayrıca internet ve oyun
bağımlılığı düzeyleri ile algılanan sosyal destek düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki
de incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmada ilişkisel tarama deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya İstanbul İli içerisinde yer alan Bilim
ve Sanat Merkezlerinde eğitim gören 218 öğrenci katılım göstermiştir. Araştırma
sonucunda demografik değişkenlere bakıldığında internet ve oyun bağımlılığının
cinsiyet, yaş, haftalık internet kullanım süresi, internet kullanım amacına
göre farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. Algılanan sosyal destek düzeyinin ise cinsiyet
ve yaşa göre farklılaştığı bulunmuştur. İnternet ve oyun bağımlılığı ile
algılanan sosyal destek düzeyi arasında negatif yönlü orta düzeyde bir ilişki
olduğu görülmüştür.
Book Reviews
Authors: Thomas Marc Simon , Vohnsen Nina Holm 
Published: November 2018

Pitarch, Pedro, Shannon Speed and Xochitl Leyva Solano (eds.). 2008. Human rights in the Maya region: Global politics, cultural contentions, and moral engagements. Durham and London: Duke University Press. ISBN: 978-0-8223-4313-4, x + 377 pp, $23.95Latour, Bruno (2010 [2002]) The Making of Law. An Ethnography of the Counseil d’État. Polity Press. ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-3985-7
Radiosensitivity of glioma to Gamma Knife treatment enhanced in vitro and in vivo by RNA interfering Ku70 that is mediated by a recombinant adenovirus
Authors: Jia Qiang , Li Yanhe , Xu Desheng , Li Zhenjiang , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhang Yipei , Liu Dong , Liu Xiaomin , Pu Peiyu , Kang Chunsheng 
Published: November 2018

Object
The authors sought to evaluate modification of the radiation response of C6 glioma cells in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the expression of Ku70. To do so they investigated the effect of gene transfer involving a recombinant replication-defective adenovirus containing Ku70 short hairpin RNA (Ad-Ku70shRNA) combined with Gamma Knife treatment (GKT).

Methods
First, Ad-Ku70shRNA was transfected into C6 glioma cells and the expression of Ku70 was measured using Western blot analysis. In vitro, phenotypical changes in C6 cells, including proliferation, cell cycle modification, invasion ability, and apoptosis were evaluated using the MTT (3′(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, Western blot analysis, and cell flow cytometry. In vivo, parental C6 cells transfected with Ad-Ku70shRNA were implanted stereotactically into the right caudate nucleus in Sprague-Dawley rats. After GKS, apoptosis was analyzed using the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling) method. The inhibitory effects on growth and invasion that were induced by expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and matrix metalloproteinase–9 were determined using immunohistochemical analyses.

Results
The expression of Ku70 was clearly inhibited in C6 cells after transfection with Ad-Ku70shRNA. In vitro following transfection, the C6 cells showed improved responses to GKT, including suppression of proliferation and invasion as well as an increased apoptosis index. In vivo following transfection of Ad-Ku70shRNA, the therapeutic efficacy of GKT in rats with C6 gliomas was greatly enhanced and survival times in these animals were prolonged.

Conclusions
Our data support the potential for downregulation of Ku70 expression in enhancing the radiosensitivity of gliomas. The findings of our study indicate that targeted gene therapy–mediated inactivation of Ku70 may represent a promising strategy in improving the radioresponsiveness of gliomas to GKT.
Trigeminal nerve dysfunction after Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a detailed analysis
Authors: Matsuda Shinji , Nagano Osamu , Serizawa Toru , Higuchi Yoshinori , Ono Junichi 
Published: November 2018

Object
Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is an effective treatment option for intractable trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The incidence of trigeminal nerve dysfunction, such as facial numbness or dysesthesia, has been reported to be higher than previously published, and the degree and prognosis of trigeminal nerve dysfunction has not been well evaluated. The authors evaluated the incidence, timing, degree, and outcome of trigeminal nerve dysfunction after GKS for TN.

Methods
One hundred four patients with medically refractory TN were treated by GKS. Thirty-nine patients were men and 65 were women; their median age at GKS was 74 years. Using a single isocenter and a 4-mm collimator, 80 or 90 Gy was directed to the trigeminal nerve root. Follow-up data were obtained at clinical examinations every 3–6 months after GKS. Each patient's pain-control status and degree of trigeminal nerve dysfunction were recorded. The incidence, timing, and degree of dysfunction (assessed using the Barrow Neurological Institute facial numbness scale [BNI-N]) and the prognosis and factors related to trigeminal nerve dysfunction were analyzed.

Results
The median duration of follow-up in these patients was 37 months (range 6–121 months). At the final clinical visit, a pain-free status was still observed in 71 patients (68.3%). In 51 patients (49.0%), new or increased trigeminal nerve dysfunction developed at a median of 10.5 months (range 4–68 months) after GKS. In 24 patients (23.1%), this dysfunction was categorized as BNI-N Score II, in 20 patients (19.2%) as BNI-N Score III, and in 7 patients (6.7%) as BNI-N Score IV. Among those patients, 18 patients, including 3 patients with BNI-N Score IV, experienced improvement in nerve dysfunction between 24 and 108 months after GKS (median 52.5 months). At the final clinical visit, 43 patients (41.3%) reported having some trigeminal nerve dysfunction: in 26 patients (25.0%) this was categorized as BNI-N Score II, in 13 patients (12.5%) as BNI-N Score III, and in 4 patients (3.8%) as BNI-N Score IV. The only independent factor that was correlated to all trigeminal nerve dysfunction and also specifically to bothersome trigeminal nerve dysfunction was pain-free status at the final clinic visit.

Conclusions
The incidence of trigeminal nerve dysfunction after GKS for TN was 49%. The severity of the dysfunction improved in one-third of the afflicted patients, even in those with severe dysesthesia at long-term follow-up. A strong relationship between TN and good pain control was identified.
Long-term follow-up studies of Gamma Knife surgery with a low margin dose for vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Sun Shibin , Liu Ali 
Published: November 2018

Object
The aim of this study was to assess long-term clinical outcomes in patients who underwent Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) with a low margin dose—14 Gy or less—to treat vestibular schwannoma (VS) unrelated to neurofibromatosis Type II.

Methods
Between December 1994 and December 2001, 200 patients with VSs underwent GKS, which was performed using the Leksell Gamma Knife model B. More than 10 years of follow-up is available in these patients. One hundred ninety patients (88 male and 102 female patients) were followed up using MRI (follow-up rate 95%). The mean age of these patients was 50.6 years (range 10–77 years). Gamma Knife surgery was the primary treatment for VS in 134 cases (70.5%) and was an adjunctive management approach in 56 cases (29.5%). The median tumor margin dose was 13.0 Gy (range 6.0–14.4 Gy), and the median maximum tumor dose was 28.0 Gy (range 15.0–60.0 Gy). The median tumor volume was 3.6 cm3 (range 0.3–27.3 cm3). The median duration of follow-up in these patients was 109 months (range 8–195 months).

Results
In the 190 patients, the latest follow-up MRI studies demonstrated tumor regression in 122 patients (64.2%), stable tumor in 48 patients (25.3%), and tumor enlargement in 20 patients (10.5%). The total rate of tumor control was 89.5%. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the authors found the estimated 3-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year tumor control rates to be 95%, 93%, 86%, and 79%, respectively; and the estimated 3-, 5-, and 10-year hearing preservation rates to be 96%, 92%, and 70%, respectively. Twenty-six patients (13.7%) exhibited transient mild facial palsy or facial spasm, and 2 patients (1.1%) suffered persistent mild facial palsy. Thirty-nine patients (20.5%) had transient trigeminal neuropathy, and 5 patients (2.6%) suffered from persistent mild facial numbness. The incidence of persistent severe facial and trigeminal neuropathy was 0.0%.

Conclusions
With a low prescribed margin dose of 14 Gy or less, GKS was confirmed to provide long-term tumor control for small to medium-sized VSs and largely to prevent cranial nerves from iatrogenic injury. Based on the findings of this study, GKS is also a reasonable option for the treatment of large, heterogeneously enhancing tumors without symptomatic brainstem compression. Gamma Knife surgery can preserve a high quality of life for most patients with VS who do not have symptomatic brainstem compression. Long-term follow-up is required because of the risk of delayed recurrence of VS.