bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extremely Massive Quasars Are Not Good Proxies for Dense Environments Compared to Massive Galaxies: Environments of Extremely Massive Quasars and Galaxies
Authors: Yoon Yongmin , Im Myungshin , Hyun Minhee , David Jun Hyunsung , Hwang Narae , Kim Minjin , Park Byeong-Gon 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Black hole mass scaling relations suggest that extremely massive black holes (EMBHs) with M
BH ≳ 109.4
M
⊙ are found in the most massive galaxies with M
star ≳ 1011.6
M
⊙, which are commonly found in dense environments, like galaxy clusters. Therefore, one can expect that there is a close connection between active EMBHs and dense environments. Here, we study the environments of 9461 galaxies and 2943 quasars at 0.24 ≤ z ≤ 0.40, among which 52 are extremely massive quasars with

, using Sloan Digital Sky Survey and MMT Hectospec data. We find that, on average, both massive quasars and massive galaxies reside in environments more than ∼2 times as dense as those of their less massive counterparts with

. However, massive quasars reside in environments about ∼2 times less dense than inactive galaxies with

, and only about one third of massive quasars are found in galaxy clusters, while about two thirds of massive galaxies reside in such clusters. This indicates that massive galaxies are a much better signpost for galaxy clusters than massive quasars. The prevalence of massive quasars in moderate to low density environments is puzzling, considering that several simulation results show that these quasars appear to prefer dense environments. Several possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed, although further investigation is needed to obtain a definite explanation.
The Limits of the Primitive Equations of Dynamics for Warm, Slowly Rotating Small Neptunes and Super Earths
Authors: Mayne N. J. , Drummond B. , Debras F. , Jaupart E. , Manners J. , Boutle I. A. , Baraffe I. , Kohary K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present significant differences in the simulated atmospheric flow for warm, tidally locked small Neptunes and super Earths (based on a nominal GJ 1214b) when solving the simplified, and commonly used, primitive dynamical equations or the full Navier–Stokes equations. The dominant prograde, superrotating zonal jet is markedly different between the simulations, which are performed using practically identical numerical setups, within the same model. The differences arise due to the breakdown of the so-called “shallow-fluid” and traditional approximations, which worsens when rotation rates are slowed, and day–night temperature contrasts are increased. The changes in the zonal advection between simulations solving the full and simplified equations, give rise to significant differences in the atmospheric redistribution of heat, altering the position of the hottest part of the atmosphere and temperature contrast between the daysides and nightsides. The implications for the atmospheric chemistry, and therefore, observations need to be studied with a model including a more detailed treatment of the radiative transfer and chemistry. Small Neptunes and super Earths are extremely abundant and important, potentially bridging the structural properties (mass, radius, and composition) of terrestrial and gas giant planets. Our results indicate care is required when interpreting the output of models solving the primitive equations of motion for such planets.
Proton Acceleration in Colliding Stellar Wind Binaries
Authors: Grimaldo Emanuele , Reimer Anita , Kissmann Ralf , Niederwanger Felix , Reitberger Klaus 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The interaction between the strong winds in stellar colliding-wind binary (CWB) systems produces two shock fronts, delimiting the wind-collision region (WCR). There, particles are expected to be accelerated mainly via diffusive shock acceleration. We investigate the injection and acceleration of protons in typical CWB systems by means of Monte Carlo simulations, with both a test-particle approach and a nonlinear method modeling a shock locally modified by the backreaction of the accelerated protons. We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations to determine the background plasma in the WCR and its vicinity. This allows us to consider particle acceleration at both shocks, on either side of the WCR, with a realistic large-scale magnetic field. We highlight the possible effects of particle acceleration on the local shock profiles at the WCR. We include the effect of magnetic field amplification, due to resonant-streaming instability, and compare results without and with the backreaction of the accelerated protons. In the latter case, we find a lower flux of the nonthermal proton population and a considerable magnetic field amplification. This would significantly increase the synchrotron losses of relativistic electrons accelerated in CWB systems, lowering the maximal energy they can reach and strongly reducing the inverse Compton fluxes. As a result, γ-rays from CWBs would be predominantly due to the decay of neutral pions produced in nucleon–nucleon collisions. This might provide a way to explain why, in the vast majority of cases, CWB systems have not been identified as γ-ray sources, although they emit synchrotron radiation.
Exoplanets in the Antarctic Sky. II. 116 Transiting Exoplanet Candidates Found by AST3-II (CHESPA) within the Southern CVZ of TESS
Authors: Zhang 张 Hui 辉 , Yu Zhouyi , Liang Ensi , Yang Ming , Ashley Michael C. B. , Cui Xiangqun , Du Fujia , Fu Jianning , Gong Xuefei , Gu Bozhong , Hu Yi , Jiang Peng , Liu Huigen , Lawrence Jon , Liu Qiang , Li Xiaoyan , Li Zhengyang , Ma Bin , Mould Jeremy , Shang Zhaohui , Suntzeff Nicholas B. , Tao Charling , Tian Qiguo , Tinney C. G. , Uddin Syed A. , Wang Lifan , Wang Songhu , Wang Xiaofeng , Wei Peng , Wright Duncan , Wu Xuefeng , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Xu Lingzhe , Yang Shi-hai , Yu Ce , Yuan Xiangyan , Zheng Jessica , Zhou Hongyan , Zhou Ji-lin , Zhu Zhenxi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We report first results from the CHinese Exoplanet Searching Program from Antarctica (CHESPA)—a wide-field high-resolution photometric survey for transiting exoplanets carried out using telescopes of the AST3 (Antarctic Survey Telescopes times 3) project. There are now three telescopes (AST3-I, AST3-II, and CSTAR-II) operating at Dome A—the highest point on the Antarctic Plateau—in a fully automatic and remote mode to exploit the superb observing conditions of the site, and its long and uninterrupted polar nights. The search for transiting exoplanets is one of the key projects for AST3. During the austral winters of 2016 and 2017 we used the AST3-II telescope to survey a set of target fields near the southern ecliptic pole, falling within the continuous viewing zone of the TESS mission. The first data release of the 2016 data, including images, catalogs, and light curves of 26,578 bright stars (

), was presented in Zhang et al. The best precision, as measured by the rms of the light curves at the optimum magnitude of the survey (

), is around 2 mmag. We detect 222 objects with plausible transit signals from these data, 116 of which are plausible transiting exoplanet candidates according to their stellar properties as given by the TESS Input Catalog, Gaia DR2, and TESS-HERMES spectroscopy. With the first data release from TESS expected in late 2018, this candidate list will be timely for improving the rejection of potential false-positives.
Gérer les connaissances d’employés de service dans de grandes organisations hiérarchiques : le rôle fondamental des acteurs transversaux
Authors: Nogues Sarah , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle 
Published: January 2019

Dans une économie de la connaissance, toute entreprise a intérêt à gérer les connaissances de ses employés à en créer de nouvelles dans un processus d’innovation continue. Reconnaître la logique communautaire des employés représente un défi pour les organisations à forte structure hiérarchique ayant de la difficulté à contrôler le travail des employés, notamment lorsque leur travail implique une interaction directe avec la clientèle. Notre article questionne la possibilité d’une écologie de la connaissance dans ces contextes organisationnels à l’aide des travaux théoriques d’Etienne Wenger, en prenant le cas du personnel navigant commercial dans les compagnies aériennes. Nous avons mené une recherche de terrain qualitative avec entretiens semi-dirigés auprès de 59 agents de bord et directeurs de vol provenant de trois compagnies aériennes occidentales. Nos résultats mettent en évidence le rôle central des acteurs transversaux pour la gestion des connaissances des communautés professionnelles dans les grandes entreprises à forte structure hiérarchique.	Codes JEL : O30, M5, R49
Changement de gouvernance et communautés open source : le cas du logiciel Claroline
Authors: Viseur Robert , Charleux Amel 
Published: January 2019

Depuis le milieu des années 1990, les logiciels libres et	open source intègrent progressivement la sphère économique et entraînent le développement de grandes communautés en ligne. Bien que ces communautés aient été largement étudiées, leur cohabitation avec les éditeurs de logiciels reste cependant mal maîtrisée. Plus précisément, le rôle que peuvent jouer ces communautés au-delà de leur contribution technique est sous-étudié. Dans notre recherche, nous questionnons le rapport entre un éditeur et sa communauté en prenant pour unité d’analyse la réaction de la communauté face à des changements stratégiques de gouvernance initiés par l’éditeur. Afin d’atteindre notre objectif, une étude longitudinale s’imposait. Claroline est un projet populaire de	Learning Management System	open source dont sont issus, directement ou indirectement, plusieurs autres projets	open source . Compte tenu de sa diffusion, de l’évolution de sa gouvernance, de ses	forks et de sa résilience, Claroline présentait un terrain de recherche idéal pour comprendre les dynamiques communautaires. Finalement, nos résultats montrent que les communautés libres et	open source peuvent être à l’origine de résistances et entraver la mise en œuvre de certaines décisions stratégiques liées notamment aux modes de gouvernance.	Codes JEL : L17
La gestion des communautés de connaissances au sein des espaces de créativité et innovation : une variété de logiques de collaboration
Authors: Aubouin Nicolas , Capdevila Ignasi 
Published: January 2019

À travers l’étude comparée des formes de collaboration au sein de différents espaces de créativité et d’innovation, cet article propose une grille de lecture des communautés de connaissances se développant en lien avec des lieux innovants. Ainsi trois types de collaboration peuvent se distinguer selon qu’ils soient centrés sur des logiques économiques (réduction des coûts et renouvellement des logiques de travail), sur des logiques utilitaristes (partage des ressources et des moyens de travail) ou sur des logiques altruistes (valeur d’entraide et de partage fondée sur le don/contre-don). Chacune met alors en évidence des caractéristiques spécifiques de chaque espace d’innovation et ouvre la réflexion sur l’enjeu central de l’animation, voire du pilotage des communautés autour de ces trois logiques de collaboration.	Codes JEL : O31, L26
Proximité et facteurs organisationnels pour la collaboration startup – grande entreprise en contexte d ’ innovation ouverte
Authors: Bertin Clarice 
Published: January 2019

Cet article a pour objectif d’identifier les facteurs organisationnels favorisant la proximité entre startups et grandes entreprises, partenaires asymétriques, afin de comprendre les éléments sous-tendant leur capacité à collaborer, essentielle en contexte d’innovation ouverte. L’approche par la théorie de la proximité permet d’analyser une collaboration donnée de façon holistique, dans le temps et dans l’espace géographique et non-géographique. Fondée sur quatre cas de collaboration, cette recherche exploratoire adopte la perspective des startups, quasi-absente de la littérature. Les résultats montrent les différences qui sont sources de distance cognitive entre startups et grandes entreprises et mettent en évidence quatre niveaux de facteurs favorisant leur proximité : interne à la startup, interne à la grande entreprise, inter-organisationnel et écosystémique. Cette recherche présente un intérêt pour les entreprises souhaitant collaborer avec des partenaires asymétriques en contexte d’innovation ouverte. Elle s’adresse également aux politiques régionales d’innovation qui visent à soutenir les écosystèmes d’innovation et d’entrepreneuriat.	Codes JEL : L20, L26, O31, O32
Adoption ou rejet de l’innovation, une approche par la théorie des prospects : le cas des vins allégés en alcool
Authors: Sorio Rossella , Siadou-Martin Béatrice 
Published: January 2019

Cette recherche s’intéresse à l’impact de la modification du contenu en alcool, perçu comme attribut central de la catégorie « vin », sur la catégorisation et les préférences des consommateurs. Elle a été conduite auprès de consommateurs français et italiens, deux pays caractérisés par une ancienne tradition viti-vinicole. Cette étude montre que la modification de cet attribut impacte la catégorisation, car peu de répondants identifient le vin allégé en alcool comme un vin. En revanche, les résultats entre les deux pays diffèrent quand on considère l’importance du critère « contenu en alcool » lors de l’achat et de la consommation du vin. Alors que pour les répondants français cet attribut n’intervient pas comme un critère discriminant, il est de toute première importance au moment de l’achat et de la consommation auprès des sondés italiens. Les implications managériales, notamment en termes d’innovations possibles pour le secteur vini-viticole, sont finalement discutées.	Codes JEL : M31
Conditionnel et irréel du passé dans le système hypothétique : facteurs d’évolution à la période classique
Authors: Combettes Bernard 
Published: January 2019

Le but de cette étude est d’examiner d’un point de vue diachronique la concurrence du conditionnel passé et du subjonctif plus-que-parfait dans le système hypothétique de l’irréel du passé, le conditionnel prenant peu à peu la place du subjonctif dans les systèmes mixtes. En prenant en compte la période du français préclassique et classique, on essayera de vérifier l’hypothèse que l’ordre respectif de la subordonnée et de la proposition principale est l’un des facteurs de l’évolution, la séquence protase + apodose favorisant l’emploi du conditionnel, qui apparaît comme faisant partie intégrante de la construction hypothétique prototypique, alors que la valeur d’irréel du subjonctif est moins dépendante du contexte syntaxique.
De l’épistémique au déontique : un usage du conditionnel en contexte argumentatif
Authors: Oswald Steve , Rihs Alain 
Published: January 2019

Cet article traite d’un usage particulier du conditionnel, illustré en contexte argumentatif et identifiable à l’expression d’une modalité déontique. Après avoir mis en évidence une valeur sémantique invariante du conditionnel, à savoir le caractère irrealis des états de choses auxquels il est appliqué, les auteurs analysent trois extraits de discours dans lesquels cette valeur semble éludée au profit d’un jugement d’« indésirabilité ». L’article ambitionne de montrer in fine que l’usage déontique peut être envisagé dans le cadre interprétatif même offert par le conditionnel d’irréalité, le locuteur décrivant des situations qu’il voudrait inexistantes.
A Concept Analysis of Conceptual Learning: A Guide for Educators
Authors: Fletcher Katherine A. , Hicks Vicki L. , Johnson Regina H. , Laverentz Delois Meyer , Phillips Christina J. , Pierce Lynelle N.B. , Wilhoite Deana L. , Gay Jessica E. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Concept-based curricula, coupled with conceptual approach to teaching, fosters conceptual learning. There is a need for clarity in the definition of conceptual learning.

Method:
Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis was used.

Results:
Conceptual learning is a process in which learners organize concept-relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes to form logical cognitive connections resulting in assimilation, storage, retrieval, and transfer of concepts to applicable situations, familiar and unfamiliar. Attributes identified were (a) recognizing patterns in information, (b) forming linkages with concepts, (c) acquiring deeper understanding of concepts, (d) developing personal relevance, and (e) applying concepts to other situations. Antecedents were (a) learner cognitive potential, (b) organized conceptual framework, and (c) conceptual approach to teaching. Consequences were (a) enhanced synthesis and analysis, (b) improved problem solving, (c) ability to translate theory to practice, (d) appreciation of linear/nonlinear ways of thinking, and (e) enhanced concept construction.

Conclusion:

This analysis provides a referent for recognizing the occurrence of conceptual learning and developing instruments to measure its outcomes.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2019;58(1):7–15.]
One Year On: Cultural Competence of Australian Nursing Students Following International Service-Learning
Authors: Gower Shelley , Duggan Ravani , Dantas Jaya A.R. , Boldy Duncan 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The effective delivery of health care to the growing multicultural population within Australia is a challenge for the nursing profession. A breakdown in cross-cultural communication and understanding, which stems from the tendency of nurses to project their own culturally specific values and behaviors onto patients and colleagues from other countries, can contribute significantly to non-compliance in migrant populations and conflict in collegial relationships.

Method:
The Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence-Revised was administered to Australian undergraduate nursing students immediately before, immediately after, and 12 months after returning from international clinical placement. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential functions of SPSS.

Results:
Overall cultural competence increased immediately following the placement and was sustained over time. However, there were significant differences among the five constructs measured.

Conclusion:

International clinical placements enhance cultural competence but targeted activities need to be undertaken pre-placement to develop specific aspects, in particular cultural desire.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2019;58(1):17–26.]
Millennial Nursing Students' Experiences in a Traditional Classroom Setting
Authors: Cantrell Mary Ann , Farer Danielle 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The dissonance experienced between nurse educators and millennial students is a well-known phenomenon, yet evidence ascertaining what these learners seek to actively engage in meaningful learning is scant. The purpose of this study was to analyze millennial undergraduate nursing students' experiences in traditional nursing classrooms, which included their interactions with nursing faculty.

Method:
This was a multisite qualitative study. Eight focus groups were conducted at six schools of nursing comprising a total of 220 millennial generation undergraduate nursing students.

Results:
The interpreted meaning of students' integrated experiences are reflected into four themes and one subtheme: (a) being physically present but mentally dislocated, (b) wanting more from disengaged professors, (c) surface learning, (d) lack of trust, and (e) wanting respect and dignity from professors. The essence of the phenomenon is disenfranchised learning.

Conclusion:

A critical examination of conventional educational practices in nursing programs is needed.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2019;58(1):27–32.]
Vertical Diplopia Following Peribulbar Anesthesia: The Role of Hyaluronidase
Authors: Strouthidis Nicholas G , Sobha Sivaprasad , Lanigan Lumina P , Hammond Christopher J 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To estimate the incidence of vertical diplopia following peribulbar anesthesia in otherwise uncomplicated cataract surgery and to establish whether the use of hyaluronidase in the peribulbar injection mixture affected the likelihood of this complication.
Methods: Nine hundred forty consecutive phacoemulsification procedures using peribulbar anesthesia were retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of postoperative vertical diplopia. Case notes were reviewed to establish the nature and timing of the onset of diplopia, the anesthetic technique, and whether hyaluronidase was used. The patterns of progression as demonstrated by serial Hess charts were compared.
Results: There were 6 cases of vertical diplopia (incidence, 0.64%). All showed an immediate postoperative hypertropia in the injected eye changing during a 4- to 6-week period to hypotropia with restriction of upgaze. All applications of anesthesia were administered by consultant anesthetists, associate specialists, or residents under their direct supervision using 25-mm, 25gauge needles with 2% lidocame. Hyaluronidase was included in the injection mixture for 435 (46%) of the cases and was not included for 505 (54%) of the cases. All 6 cases of vertical diplopia occurred in the group in which hyaluronidase was not used, which has a significant association (chisquaretest, 5.22; P= .023).
Conclusion: Hyaluronidase should be included in peribulbar anesthetics to reduce the risk of postoperative vertical diplopia.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41 :25-30.
Peripheral and Central Visual Fields in 11-Year-Old Children Who Had Been Born Prematurely and At Term
Authors: Larsson Eva , Martin Lene , Holmström Gerd 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: To examine the peripheral and central visual fields in children who had been born prematurely and at term.
Methods: Four groups of 11-year-old children were examined: group 1 included 24 children who had been born at term (control group); group 2 included 20 children who had been born prematurely without ROP; group 3 included 22 children who had been born prematurely with untreated ROP (stages 2 and 3); and group 4 included 21 children who had been born prematurely and underwent cryotreatment for severe ROP. Their peripheral visual fields were examined with Goldmann perimetry. Static high-pass resolution perimetry was used to evaluate their central visual fields within 30°.
Results: The peripheral visual fields were constricted in children who had undergone cryotreatment (group 4), as compared with the other groups (1 to 3). We found no difference between the groups of children who had been born prematurely with or without ROP (groups 2 and 3) and the control group. The function of the central visual fields, expressed as neural capacity, was reduced in the children who had been born prematurely compared with the controls, significantly in their left eyes only. The children who underwent cryotreament did not differ from the other children who had been born prematurely in this respect.
Conclusions: The peripheral visual fields were constricted in children who had undergone cryotreatment. It is uncertain whether this was caused by the treatment or by severe ROP. The central visual fields showed a tendency of reduced neural capacity in the children who had been born prematurely, reflecting a reduced density of retinocortical neural channels. However, this was not related to ROP or cryotreatment.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41 :39-45.
Test-Taking Anxiety Among Nursing & General College Students
Authors: Brewer Thomas 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
This study examined whether nursing students experience an unusual amount of debilitative anxiety in academic achievement, compared to general university students, and provided senior psychiatric nursing students with a hands-on experience in research. A nonprobability convenience sample of 225 students was drawn from a university in the eastern United States. Alpert and Haber's Achievement Anxiety Test was administered to 94 nursing students and 131 general university students. Results indicated that nursing students do not have a statistically significantly higher debilitative anxiety than the general student population. However, all students experienced significantly higher levels of debilitative anxiety than were found by Alpert and Haber. Implications for academic nursing are discussed.