bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservation Systems for Positive Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance in Semiarid Drylands
Authors: Thapa Vesh R. , Ghimire Rajan , Duval Benjamin D. , Marsalis Mark A. 
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas
The soil organic C dynamics and net ecosystem C balance of five dryland cropping systems were compared.
Conservation systems stored up to 15% more soil organic C than conventional system.
Net ecosystem C balance was positive with cover cropping.
Cover crops and conservation tillage are crucial for soil C storage in drylands.
Biomass C inputs often limit agroecosystem C dynamics, nutrient cycling, and soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in semiarid drylands. This study evaluated SOC and net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of five cropping systems in the drylands of the Southern Great Plains. Cropping systems evaluated included corn (Zea mays)–sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] rotation with conventional tillage without cover cropping (CTNC), strip tillage with and without cover cropping (STCC and STNC, respectively), and no tillage with and without cover cropping (NTCC and NTNC, respectively). After 4 yr of experimental tillage, we measured CO2 emissions, soil and soil surface air temperatures, soil moisture content, potentially mineralizable carbon (PMC), total SOC, total nitrogen (TN), and net primary productivity (NPP). Conservation systems (any treatments including no‐till, strip till, or cover crops) had 5 to 6°C lower soil temperature and 2.8 to 4.9°C lower soil surface air temperature and stored 2.3 to 3.9% more soil moisture content than CTNC. Conservation systems also stored 15.2% more SOC than CTNC. Cropping systems that integrated cover crops in the rotation (STCC and NTCC) had greater NPP and positive NECB. Regardless of tillage management, cover cropping had a greater NECB, including SOC (NECBSOC) than CTNC. Reducing tillage and diversifying cropping systems through cover cropping can benefit semiarid dryland agroecosystems by increasing SOC storage and maintaining positive NECB.
Micrometeorological Methods for Measuring Methane Emission Reduction at Beef Cattle Feedlots: Evaluation of 3‐Nitrooxypropanol Feed Additive
Authors: McGinn S. M. , Flesch T. K. , Beauchemin K. A. , Shreck A. , Kindermann M. 
Published: July 2019

It is highly desirable to test agricultural emission mitigation strategies in a whole‐farm environment to ensure that all aspects of management and production operations are included. However, the large spatial scale of commercial operations makes the dual measurements of control and treatment(s) difficult. We evaluated the application of two micrometeorological methods, a novel concentration ratio method and an inverse dispersion method, where both were used to measure methane (CH4) emission reductions in cattle fed the compound 3‐nitrooxypropanol compared with cattle fed just the basal diet. In total, there were 1344 cattle used that were located in six pens (∼222 animals per pen). Three adjacent pens to the east and three to the west were designated as the treatment and control blocks, respectively. Underlying the emission reduction method was the assumption of site symmetry between the treatment and control pen blocks in the feedlot. There was, on average, a large CH4 emission reduction of ∼70% (±18%) due to the additive as found by both micrometeorological methods. Both methods also show a change in the diel distribution (peak emissions after initial morning feeding) and seasonal pattern (a decrease in emission reduction of 7.5 and 26.1% over 90 d). The simplicity of the developed concentration ratio method is expected to have applications for evaluating other mitigation strategies at large commercial scales (e.g., the application of manure additives to pens to reduce odors and ammonia emissions).Core Ideas
Treatment to control concentration yields methane emission reduction percentage.
Feed additive 3‐nitrooxypropanol reduces enteric methane of cattle by 70%.
Emission reduction in enteric methane decreased with time over 92 d.
A Global Perspective on Integrated Strategies to Manage Soil Phosphorus Status for Eutrophication Control without Limiting Land Productivity
Authors: Withers Paul J. A. , Vadas Peter A. , Uusitalo Risto , Forber Kirsty J. , Hart Murray , Foy Robert H. , Delgado Antonio , Dougherty Warwick , Lilja Harri , Burkitt Lucy L. , Rubæk Gitte H. , Pote Dan , Barlow Kirsten , Rothwell Shane , Owens Phillip R. 
Published: July 2019

Unnecessary accumulation of phosphorus (P) in agricultural soils continues to degrade water quality and linked ecosystem services. Managing both soil loss and soil P fertility status is therefore crucial for eutrophication control, but the relative environmental benefits of these two mitigation measures, and the timescales over which they occur, remain unclear. To support policies toward reduced P loadings from agricultural soils, we examined the impact of soil conservation and lowering of soil test P (STP) in different regions with intensive farming (Europe, the United States, and Australia). Relationships between STP and soluble reactive P concentrations in land runoff suggested that eutrophication control targets would be more achievable if STP concentrations were kept at or below the current recommended threshold values for fertilizer response. Simulations using the Annual P Loss Estimator (APLE) model in three contrasting catchments predicted total P losses ranging from 0.52 to 0.88 kg ha−1 depending on soil P buffering and erosion vulnerability. Drawing down STP in all catchment soils to the threshold optimum for productivity reduced catchment P loss by between 18 and 40%, but this would take between 30 and 40+ years. In one catchment, STP drawdown was more effective in reducing P loss than erosion control, but combining both strategies was always the most effective and more rapid than erosion control alone. By accounting for both soil P buffering interactions and erosion vulnerability, the APLE model quickly provided reliable information on the magnitude and time frame of P loss reduction that can be realistically expected from soil and STP management. Greater precision in the sampling, analysis, and interpretation of STP, and more technical innovation to lower agronomic optimum STP concentrations on farms, is needed to foster long‐term sustainable management of soil P fertility in the future.Core Ideas
Sensitive management of soils and soil P fertility is critical for limiting water quality degradation.
Maintaining soil test P (STP) at or below the agronomic optimum reduces the eutrophication threat.
STP drawdown in combination with erosion control reduced catchment P loss by up to 62%.
The APLE model quickly quantified the magnitude and timescale of potential P loss reductions.
Statistical analysis of the effluent quality of 231 on-site sanitation facilities in France monitored during a 6-year period
Authors: Olivier L. , Dubois V. , LeGat Y. , Boutin C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
On-site wastewater treatment systems are approved by the French regulation based on the results of platform tests following the European standard NF EN 12566-3. In addition to this approval for the treatment system, at least 90% of outlet concentrations have to be below 30 mg L−1 for total suspended solids (TSS) and 35 mg L−1 for biochemical oxygen demand. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effluent quality of these treatment systems on site, i.e. under real operating conditions, and to assess their performances. Between 2011 and 2016, 1,286 treated wastewater samples were taken from 231 on-site sanitation facilities in France. Data collected are heterogeneous and a robust statistical methodology (using a generalized log-linear model) was used to study the effects of four explanatory variables (treatment systems, loading rate, aging and sampling methods) on the distribution of treated wastewater concentrations. The model calculates median outlet concentrations depending on the effects identified. Its application allowed studying and comparing the outlet median concentrations of 21 on-site sanitation systems classified into nine categories and three groups. Four treatment systems out of the 21 monitored showed TSS median outlet concentrations below 10 mg L−1 and four treatment systems have TSS medians higher than the regulatory threshold of 30 mg L−1.
Validation of Neuropad in the Assessment of Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Versus the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, 10g Monofilament Application and Biothesiometer Measurement
Authors: Zografou Ioanna , Iliadis Fotios , Sambanis Christos , Didangelos Triantafyllos 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
Sudomotor dysfunction is a feature of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN). The
indicator plaster Neuropad can provide an easy and accurate way to diagnose DPN. The aim of the present
study was to evaluate Neuropad’s specificity, sensitivity and accuracy in detecting DPN in patients
with Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Methods:
A total of 174 patients with DM (79 with type 1 DM, 88 women), mean age 49.8 ± 16.1 years
and mean DM duration 17.3 ± 7.7 years were included in the present study. The following methods
were used to diagnose DPN: the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument Questionnaire and Examination
(MNSIQ and MNSIE, respectively), application of 10 g monofilament (MONO) and measurement
of vibration perception threshold with biothesiometer (BIO). Neuropad was applied to both feet in
all patients and according to the presence or absence of color change of the sticker, patients were divided
in two groups: group A (n = 82, complete change in color from blue to pink, depicting normal
perspiration) and group B (n = 92, incomplete or no change, depicting abnormal perspiration).

Results:
MNSIQ and MNSIE were positive for DPN in 111 and 119 patients, respectively. BIO was
abnormal in 109 and MONO in 59 patients. Sensitivity of Neuropad testing was 95% vs. MONO, 73%
vs. BIO, 73% vs. MNSIE and 75% vs. ΜNSIQ. Specificity was 69, 81, 90 and 92%, respectively and
accuracy of the test was 78, 76, 78 and 83%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Neuropad has a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting DPN vs. MNSIQ, MNSIE and
BIO. Neuropad has a high sensitivity but moderate specificity vs. MONO. The accuracy of the test was
high in all measurements.
UCP2, SHBG, Leptin, and T3 Levels are Associated with Resting Energy Expenditure in Obese Women
Authors: Ahmadi Somaye , Pishva Hamideh , Eshraghian Mohammad R. , Hedayati Mehdi 
Published: July 2019

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) with leptin, Triidothyronine (T3), and Uncoupling Protein 2 (UCP2) in obese women with low and normal Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) and to determine the role of these factors in the regulation of REE in obese women.Method:A total 49 subjects (25-50 years old) were selected. Anthropometric and body composition parameters and resting energy expenditure were measured. Fasting circulating leptin, T3, SHBG and UCP2 levels were measured. Subjects were divided into three groups: Group І (BMI>30 and low resting energy expenditure, 16 subjects), group II (BMI>30 and normal resting energy expenditure, 17 subjects), and group ІІІ (control group, 16 non-obese subjects).Result:It was found that obese subjects who had higher SHBG and leptin levels were at risk for high levels of UCP2. A significant association was found between T3 and REE. Obese subjects with higher concentrations of UCP2 and SHBG had decreased resting energy expenditure. A significant association was observed between SHBG and leptin in group І (r=0.90, p<0.0001) and group ІІ (r=0.83, p<0.0001). Moreover, a significant association was found between T3 and SHBG in group І (r=-0.69, P=0.003).Conclusion:Changes of the UCP2, leptin, and thyroid hormone (T3) levels may be related to SHBG levels. Thus, lower leptin and T3 levels may decrease SHBG in obese women. Therefore, lower SHBG, leptin, T3 and UCP2 levels may decrease the REE level in obese women.
O “Moderno Príncipe Conservador”: o MBL e o novo projeto político da direita brasileira
Authors: Vinícius Pansardi Marcos 
Published: July 2019

<p>El artículo analiza el nuevo movimiento conservador teniendo como objeto central el Movimiento Brasil Libre (MBL) que surgió en Brasil a partir de las manifestaciones de junio de 2013. Este movimiento se relaciona con la crisis del pacto de clases construido por el Partido de los Trabajadores (PT). Este periodo se comprende con el concepto de Revolución Pasiva. Se destaca la dialéctica restauración-revolución en el proyecto de construcción de una nueva forma de Estado (neodesarrollista).</p>
La “era PT” y el golpe político: dilemas para los movimientos campesinos en Brasil
Authors: Pinheiro Barbosa Lia 
Published: July 2019

<p>El artículo analiza los dilemas para los movimientos campesinos en Brasil frente a las disyuntivas entre “gobiernos progresistas” y el ascenso al poder de las nuevas derechas autoritarias y fascistas. Para ello, se analiza el caso del Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST) en dos escenarios de la historia política reciente. El primero en el marco de los gobiernos “progresistas”, caracterizado por una apertura del espacio público, en el campo de las políticas públicas, a los movimientos populares, aunque al mismo tiempo y de manera contradictoria,<br />también al sector privado. El segundo escenario es el del ascenso, mediante un golpe de Estado parlamentario, de la derecha “tradicional” y de la “nueva derecha”, ésta de carácter fascista.</p>
Lucha por la tierra y Reforma Agraria en el Brasil contemporáneo
Authors: Johnson Guillermo Alfredo , De Sousa Maria Gorete 
Published: July 2019

<p>Las pertinaces relaciones coloniales y esclavistas que conformaron a Brasil persisten en la obstinada incrustación oligárquica que recurrentemente aflora en sus instituciones estatales. Modestos avances quizás no en sus dimensiones sino en su eficacia para una Reforma Agraria gracias al trabajo de las organizaciones del campo retroceden a tal punto que parecen volver siglos, al imperio de los latifundistas arraigados en el poder del Estado. Las políticas del gobierno<br />ilegítimo de Michel Temer pretenden impugnar la Reforma Agraria, mientras que la<br />rearticulación de los movimientos del campo la perciben cada vez más como indispensable.</p>
Análisis del relacionamiento de los grupos humanos con el bosque desde los principios de ostrom
Authors: Franco Ortiz Maria Fernanda , Moreno Gutierrez Jaime Alberto 
Published: July 2019

Desde una perspectiva gubernamental, donde los Estados son los propietarios de los bosques, los marcos regulatorios para el manejo forestal son típicamente asimétricos en relación con la dinámica de la comunidad local. Esta investigación pretende identificar, en estudios de caso, la forma de relacionamiento del ser humano con el bosque para establecer los aspectos favorables y las barreras que enfrenta la materialización de la autogestión como la base de una gobernanza efectiva en el manejo de los bosques naturales en los trópicos. Se abordó la revisión de 60 casos de estudio, de los cuales tan solo 26 se presentan una sistematización conceptual con rasgos específicos de los principios planteados por Ostrom para los RUC. Se encontró con el análisis que le principio más recurrente en los estudios es la “coherencia entre reglas de apropiación y provisión”, en tanto que el menos considerado es el “monitoreo de recursos”, que deja en evidencia que las comunidades siempre establecen reglas, pero no tienen claridad sobre lo que es la importancia del monitoreo.
Modelo para la construcción colectiva de conocimiento para la ruralidad
Authors: Gutiérrez A. Deyser , Ortega G Mary , Henao V Cesar , Torres V Carlos , Sánchez G Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

El diseño de un modelo para la construcción colectiva para la ruralidad, tiene como objetivo visibilizar la pertinencia y calidad de la educación en los diferentes niveles, con la participación de actores sociales especializados y no especializados, dando cuenta de los dos pasos que se siguieron para elaborar un modelo colaborativo de Educación Superior Rural del Nordeste de Antioquia, con la participación de instituciones de educación superior de la región, que se unen para desarrollar, en la primera fase un diplomado, donde se apropia de las definiciones de ruralidad y conceptuar la pertinencia de modelos educativos; en la segunda fase se desarrollan, unos cursos cortos con la implementación de las tendencias, aproximación al contexto sociocultural que van a propiciar el modelo y adaptabilidad; donde se trabajan cultura, desarrollo y pertinencia en contexto, riqueza de conductas con una metodología exploratoria (cualitativa), con la finalidad de mejorar condiciones de asequibilidad, cobertura y calidad educativa, desde el abanico de realidades sociales. En la tercera fase, se realiza una indagación in situ, proveyendo elementos de análisis y en la última fase se construye un modelo colaborativo basado en módulos en el marco de un currículo flexible y una alternativa sociocultural que propende por la reconstrucción del tejido social.
Accounting Comic Effect: Perancangan Komik Edukasi Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Mahasiswa/i Non Akuntansi Terhadap Kasus Misappropriation Of Assets
Authors: Hosan Ho Erik , Soeherman Bonnie , Sonia Lucya Erlinda 
Published: July 2019

This research is motivated by the difficulty problem to understand about accounting, because a lot of people think that this subject only teach how to make journal entries and present the financial statement. Where, in real conditions, accounting subject is not only learn about it. In addition, the lack of interest in reading will affect the students to understand what the material that being taught. Thus the researcher provide interesting and innovative learning media to avoid the boredom, with education comic by using topic about fraud as a part of accounting.
The fraud case is about the misappropriation of asset that are tested on non accounting’s students. This research is conducted with 3 (three) steps using interview, observation, and analysis of document, that is to asked questions about the prior knowledge about fraud. After that, the researcher give the article. An then the last step is to read the comic that have been designed with a similar case from the previous reading. The researcher asked the difference felt after reading the comic and article. The result of research based on display, content, use of language, and interest in reading, all the research’s objects prefer reading comic than article. In addition is easier to understand because comic can described in detail and using language that can be adapted the character of research’s objects and hope the comic book can be applied at the university to make more fun learning.
La neurociencia aplicada en el ámbito educativo. El estudio de los neuromitos
Authors: Medel Montero Marta , Camacho Conde José Antonio 
Published: July 2019

En el presente documento se realiza una revisión bibliográfica del campo de la Neurociencia, más concretamente de los diversos neuromitos que caracterizan a nuestra sociedad. Nuestro propósito es poder realizar un estudio y análisis del punto en el que se encuentran los mismos en las escuelas actuales, lo cual influye directamente en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje de nuestro alumnado. Con esto, se pretende conocer cómo la Neurociencia está siendo frenada por los mitos que creemos como verdaderos a pesar de que han sido refutados científicamente. Además, nos permite observar cómo y en qué magnitudes se encuentran arraigados estas ideas en los docentes. Para responder al objetivo planteado en este estudio, se ha realizado una investigación-acción, en la que se ha recopilado el estado de diversos tópicos a través de un cuestionario cerrado realizado a maestros de un Centro de Educación Infantil y Primaria ubicado en la provincia de Guadalajara, contando con un total de 20 participantes que han mostrado sus conocimientos de manera anónima. Esta información se comparará con la realidad de los mitos para poner de manifiesto las ideas que frenan la utilización de la Neurociencia en Educación. Tras su realización, los resultados obtenidos han sido bastantes sorprendentes a nivel general, mostrando el punto en el que nos encontramos, así como las ideas que tienen los docentes respecto a los neuromitos, lo cual frena en cierta medida la aplicación de la Neurociencia. No obstante, queda demostrado en una pequeña muestra de la población que, aunque se traten de neuromitos actualmente refutados, se localiza la existencia de una gran multitud de ideas respecto a ellos, encontrándose una alta controversia y cierto desconocimiento del principal órgano del aprendizaje; el cerebro.
Proyectos de indagación: su impacto en la competencia científica en estudiantes de Uruguay.
Authors: Imbert Romero Daisy , Elósegui Bandera Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

Se elaboraron secuencias didácticas a través de Proyectos de Indagación desde un enfoque dual, ya que se integraron aspectos epistemológicos y didácticos, con el objetivo de analizar la influencia de las mismas en el desarrollo de la competencia científica y aunar criterios cuando se diseñan dentro del modelo de aprendizaje por indagación.La investigación acción se realizó en un liceo de contexto sociocultural desfavorable. Participaron tres docentes, con dos grupos a cargo cada una. Las docentes seleccionaron el mejor grupo y el de mayores dificultades al inicio del año lectivo, de los grupos que les fueron asignados por la institución, a los efectos de cubrir la mayor diversidad posible. Intervinieron 115 estudiantes.La selección de docentes se efectuó por muestreo casual por pertenecer al centro en el año 2017. Dentro del grupo de docentes del liceo, la muestra se concretó en base a otros criterios: docentes efectivas, con continuidad en dicho año lectivo, que tuvieran al menos dos grupos del mismo grado y asumieran este desafío. Se triangularon dos técnicas: análisis de documentos de las rúbricas aplicadas a la propuesta diagnóstica y a los pósteres, así como observación de clases y la observación durante la defensa de los pósteres.Se pudo apreciar un avance en el desarrollo de las dimensiones de la competencia científica en los resultados logrados por los estudiantes de 4to año. Surge como dato inédito que se desvanecieron las diferencias iniciales detectadas por la propuesta diagnóstica en grupos del mismo grado.
Study of Feature Extraction of Retinal Scans
Authors: Abdulhamid Mohanad , Muthomi Gitonga 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the retina is discussed as part of the feature of extraction of retinal scans for use in security systems as a means of identification. The design system contains a method of image acquisition and processing of the image. A computer system is also incorporated for matching and verifying the image captured to an already present representation of unique features of the retina that are stored as templates for matching and identification. It should then either allow or deny the user depending on the results of the matching process. This paper shows the development of the step undertaken to process the image to the extraction of the features. The high resolution images are taken through a series of image enhancement process before feature extraction technics are applied and before templates are created for future referencing. The main limitation of this process is attributed to capturing the image from the retina. The image obtained may be of poor quality thus making the unique features of the retina unclear.