bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of bacterial diversity in western Accra, Ghana, drinking water samples
Authors: Ecklu-Mensah Gertrude , Sackey Sammy T. , Morrison Hilary G. , Sogin Mitchell L. , Murphy Leslie G. , Reznikoff William S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The design and performance characteristics of municipal drinking water systems can profoundly influence public health. To assess the operational attributes of an Accra, Ghana drinking water distribution system, high-throughput 454 pyrosequencing was employed to characterize its bacterial community composition. Samples from the waterworks and four household sources (one household tap and three polytank storage units) were analyzed within one of the Accra's distribution networks over a 4-month period. Samples provided between 9,059 and 20,076 reads (average = 13,056) that represented a broad range of bacterial diversity, including rare genera. Minimum Entropy Decomposition (MED) analysis showed that the sequences described four major assemblages. Assemblages 1 and 2 dominated the waterworks and household tap samples while polytank storage unit samples, with one exception, contained assemblages 3 or 4. The considerable bacterial taxonomic difference between different sources suggests that contamination and/or selective growth shapes bacterial community structures after treatment at the waterworks. Of particular interest are the major differences between the polytank samples following storage and the tap/waterworks samples, suggesting that water storage (stagnation) can select for unique microbial populations.
Forging New Scaffolds from Old: Combining Scaffold Hopping and Hierarchical Virtual Screening for Identifying Novel Bcl-2 Inhibitors
Authors: Kanakaveti Vishnupriya , Rathinasamy Sakthivel , Rayala Suresh K. , Gromiha Michael 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Though virtual screening methods have proven to be potent in various instances, the
technique is practically incomplete to quench the need of drug discovery process. Thus, the quest for novel
designing approaches and chemotypes for improved efficacy of lead compounds has been intensified and logistic
approaches such as scaffold hopping and hierarchical virtual screening methods were evolved. Till now,
in all the previous attempts these two approaches were applied separately.

Objective:
In the current work, we made a novel attempt in terms of blending scaffold hopping and hierarchical
virtual screening. The prime objective is to assess the hybrid method for its efficacy in identifying active
lead molecules for emerging PPI target Bcl-2 (B-cell Lymphoma 2).

Method:
We designed novel scaffolds from the reported cores and screened a set of 8270 compounds using
both scaffold hopping and hierarchical virtual screening for Bcl-2 protein. Also, we enumerated the libraries
using clustering, PAINS filtering, physicochemical characterization and SAR matching.

Results:
We generated a focused library of compounds towards Bcl-2 interface, screened the 8270 compounds
and identified top hits for seven families upon fine filtering with PAINS algorithm, features, SAR mapping,
synthetic accessibility and similarity search. Our approach retrieved a set of 50 lead compounds.

Conclusions:
Finding rational approach meeting the needs of drug discovery process for PPI targets is the need
of the hour which can be fulfilled by an extended scaffold hopping approach resulting in focused PPI targeting
by providing novel leads with better potency.
Molecular Surveillance of HIV-1 Infection in Krasnoyarsk Region, Russia: Epidemiology, Phylodynamics and Phylogeography
Authors: Neshumaev Dmitry , Lebedev Aleksey , Malysheva Marina , Boyko Anatoly , Skudarnov Sergey , Ozhmegova Ekaterina , Antonova Anastasia , Kazennova Elena , Bobkova Marina 
Published: June 2019

Background:The information about the dynamics of the viral population and migration events that affect the epidemic in different parts of the Russia is insufficient. Possibly, the huge size of the country and limited transport accessibility to certain territories may determine unique traits of the HIV-1 evolutionary history in different regions.Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the Krasnoyarsk region and reconstruct spatial-temporal dynamics of the infection in the region.Methods:The demographic and virologic data from 281 HIV-infected individuals in Krasnoyarsk region collected during 2011-2016 were analyzed. The time to the most recent common ancestor, evolutionary rates, population growth, and ancestral geographic movements was estimated using Bayesian coalescent-based methods.Results:The study revealed moderate diversity of the HIV-1 subtypes found in the region, which included A6 (92.3%), CRF063_02A (4.3%), B (1.1%), and unique recombinants (2.5%). Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the A6 subtype was introduced into Krasnoyarsk region by one viral lineage, which arose around 1996.9 (1994.5-1999.5). The phylogeography analysis pointed to Krasnoyarsk city as the geographical center of the epidemic, which further spread to central neighboring districts of the region. At least two epidemic growth phases of subtype A6 were identified which included exponential growth in early-2000s followed by the decline in the mid/late 2010s.Conclusion:This study demonstrates a change in the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the Krasnoyarsk region. At the beginning of the epidemic, subtype A6 prevailed, subtypes B and CRF063_02A appeared in the region later.
Design of New Therapeutic Agents Targeting FLT3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Using Molecular Docking and 3D-QSAR Approach
Authors: Bhujbal Swapnil Pandurang , Keretsu Seketoulie , Cho Seung Joo 
Published: June 2019

Background:
FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) belongs to the class III Receptor
Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) family. FLT3 is involved in normal hematopoiesis and is generally
expressed in early hematopoietic progenitor cells. Mutations either with an internal tandem
duplication of FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3-ITD) or point mutation at the activation loop leads
to the Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), a highly heterogeneous disease. Thus, FLT3 is an important
therapeutic target for AML.

Method:
In the present work, docking and 3D-QSAR techniques were performed on a series of
diaminopyrimidine derivatives as FLT3 kinase antagonists.

Results:
Docking study recognized important active site residues such as Leu616, Gly617, Val624,
Ala642, Phe830, Tyr693, Cys694, Cys695, Tyr696 and Gly697 that participate in the inhibition of
FLT3 kinase. Receptor-based CoMFA, RF-CoMFA and CoMSIA models were developed. RFCoMFA
model revealed relatively better statistical results compared to other models. Furthermore,
the selected RF-CoMFA model was evaluated using various validation techniques. Contour maps of
the RF-CoMFA illustrated that steric and electronegative substitutions were favored at R1 position
whereas steric and electropositive substitutions were favored at R2 position to enhance the potency.

Conclusion:
Based on the designed strategy, we derived from the contour map analysis, 14 novel
FLT3 inhibitors were designed and their activities were predicted. These designed inhibitors
exhibited more potent activity than the most active compounds of the dataset.
Design and Biological Evaluation of Novel Imidazolyl Flavonoids as Potent and Selective Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors
Authors: Han Rong Y. , Ge Yu , Zhang Ling , Wang Qing M. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B are considered to be a desirable validated
target for therapeutic development of type II diabetes and obesity.

Methods:
A new series of imidazolyl flavonoids as potential protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors
were synthesized and evaluated.

Results:
Bioactive results indicated that some synthesized compounds exhibited potent protein
phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities at the micromolar range. Especially, compound 8b
showed the best inhibitory activity (IC50=1.0 µM) with 15-fold selectivity for PTP1B over the
closely related T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). Cell viability assays indicated that 8b
is cell permeable with lower cytotoxicity. Molecular modeling and dynamics studies revealed the
reason for selectivity of PTP1B over TCPTP. Quantum chemical studies were carried out on these
compounds to understand the structural features essential for activity.

Conclusion:
Compound 8b should be a potential selective PTP1B inhibitor.
Anti-Mycobacterial Peroxides: A New Class of Agents for Development Against Tuberculosis
Authors: van der Westhuyzen Christiaan W. , Haynes Richard K. , Panayides Jenny-Lee , Wiid Ian , Parkinson Christopher J. 
Published: June 2019

Background:With few exceptions, existing tuberculosis drugs were developed many years ago and resistance profiles have emerged. This has created a need for new drugs with discrete modes of action. There is evidence that tuberculosis (like other bacteria) is susceptible to oxidative pressure and this has yet to be properly utilised as a therapeutic approach in a manner similar to that which has proven highly successful in malaria therapy.Objective:To develop an alternative approach to the incorporation of bacterial siderophores that results in the creation of antitubercular peroxidic leads for subsequent development as novel agents against tuberculosis.Methods:Eight novel peroxides were prepared and the antitubercular activity (H37Rv) was compared to existing artemisinin derivatives in vitro. The potential for toxicity was evaluated against the L6 rat skeletal myoblast and HeLa cervical cancer lines in vitro.Results:The addition of a pyrimidinyl residue to an artemisinin or, preferably, a tetraoxane peroxidic structure results in antitubercular activity in vitro. The same effect is not observed in the absence of the pyrimidine or with other heteroaromatic substituents.Conclusion:The incorporation of a pyrimidinyl residue adjacent to the peroxidic function in an organic peroxide results in anti-tubercular activity in an otherwise inactive peroxidic compound. This will be a useful approach for creating oxidative drugs to target tuberculosis.
Mothers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Child Immunization in Georgia
Authors: Verulava Tengiz , Jaiani Mariam , Lordkipanidze Ana , Jorbenadze Revaz , Dangadze Beka 
Published: June 2019

Background:Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop protection from a disease. It is the most cost-effective mechanism for disease prevention that allows people to have better protection from specific bacteria and viruses.Objective:The goal of the research is to determine mothers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards child immunization.Methods:In the framework of a cross-sectional study, 188 mothers with children from three to five years of age, were surveyed in 7 kindergartens of Tbilisi (capital city of Georgia). The semi-structured questionnaire was administered in a face-to-face manner.Results:The majority of interviewed mothers (97%) showed a positive attitude towards immunization and believe that vaccination plays an important role in disease prevention. 32% do not have sufficient information about the routine vaccination schedule and subsequently, 36% of children have incomplete vaccination. The reasons for incomplete vaccination are: a lack of knowledge about a routine vaccination schedule (25.5%), limited information about the necessity of the second or the third dose of vaccination (18.6%), fear of post-vaccination side effects (16%) and fear of a child illness (9.6%). A significant association was found between mothers’ education, practice and attitude regarding immunization. Health institutions (49.5%) and internet sources (21.3%) were the most popular sources of information about immunization.Conclusion:Incomplete immunization is related to mother’s lack of information about the immunization schedules, limited awareness about the second and the third dose of vaccination, and it is also related to fear of child getting sick after the vaccination. Some respondents believe that vaccination is not safe and can cause serious side effects. But the majority of mothers have a positive attitude towards child immunization, but their levels of awareness are very low and they do not have comprehensive information about a routine vaccination schedule. It is necessary to raise public awareness of the importance of immunization by implementing educational programs and by traditional and social media.
From credit to debt: A political history of English sovereign finance and money from the seventh century to the seventeenth
Authors: Dorn Nicholas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article provides a new perspective on sovereign finance and money in England from pre-modern to early modern times. Re-reading the literature on sovereign fiscality through the lens of sovereign jurisdictions and religious authority, it describes two distinct forms of sovereign finance: the rise and fall of sovereign credit from the seventh to eleventh century, followed by sovereign debt developing from the eleventh century into ‘modern’ sovereign debt from the seventeenth century onwards. In the early Anglo Saxon period, sovereign credit was given and received in non-monetised forms. It was when sovereign jurisdictions became too wide for labour and bulky produce to travel that tax was monetised. However, the monetisation of credit undermined the very sovereign-subject relation on which sovereign credit was based. After the introduction of short-term sovereign debt by the Normans, for the next five hundred years, the two distinct fiscal mechanisms of sovereign credit and sovereign debt ran in parallel, although the latter was restrained by the church's prohibition of usury. In the seventeenth century, sovereign credit and sovereign debt became conjoined elements within one fiscal system, rather than separate mechanisms.
Ácidos hidroxicinámicos en producción animal: farmacocinética, farmacodinamia y sus efectos como promotor de crecimiento. Revisión
Authors: Peña-Torres Edgar Fernando , González-Ríos Humberto , Avendaño-Reyes Leonel , Valenzuela-Grijalva Nidia Vanessa , Pinelli-Saavedra Araceli , Muhlia-Almazán Adriana , Peña-Ramos Etna Aida 
Published: June 2019

El uso de aditivos de origen natural en producción animal ha tomado gran importancia en el sector pecuario, debido a su potencial de promover el crecimiento de una forma similar a los compuestos sintéticos como hormonas y antibióticos, pero sin causar posibles daños a la salud del animal, del consumidor o detrimento en la calidad de la carne. En los aditivos de origen natural existe una amplia variedad de compuestos, que son extraídos de distintas partes de las plantas, donde se toman ciertos aceites esenciales, mezclas de compuestos o compuestos aislados para utilizarse como remedios medicinales o suplementos alimenticios. Dentro de estos extractos, se encuentran los ácidos hidroxicinámicos, presentes en una gran variedad de vegetales, frutas y granos; los cuales presentan interesantes propiedades bioactivas como son, antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, preventivos de enfermedades cardiovasculares e inmunomoduladores. El uso de este tipo de aditivos en producción animal aún es limitado, pero se sugiere que su inclusión puede ser favorable como una estrategia para promover el crecimiento; sin embargo, dos aspectos importantes a estudiarse en los ácidos hidroxicinámicos es su farmacocinética y farmacodinamia, y a partir de allí establecer las condiciones de dosis, períodos de uso y efectos, además las posibles rutas y biotransformaciones que pueden ocurrir en el organismo animal. Esta revisión discute sobre la inclusión de ácidos hidroxicinámicos en dietas de animales de engorda, propiedades farmacocinéticas y farmacodinamias, y los hallazgos como promotores de crecimiento y sus efectos en la calidad de la carne.
MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF BERBASIS ANIMASI PADA MATERI STATISTIKA UNTUK SISWA KELAS 7 SMP
Authors: Widjayanti Wigita Rezky , Masfingatin Titin , Setyansah Reza Kusuma 
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kelayakan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis animasi dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini terdiri dari fase investigasi awal, design, konstruksi, tes, evaluasi dan revisi, serta implementasi. Penelitian hanya difokuskan sampai pada fase tes, evaluasi dan revisi. Hasil penelitian adalah: 1) media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis animasi dinyatakan sangat valid yang dilihat dari hasil rata-rata penilaian validator media sebesar 89,05%, 2) media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis animasi dinyatakan praktis dari hasil rata-rata yang diperoleh dari lembar angket respon siswa mencapai 87,95% memberikan respon positif, 3) media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis animasi dinyatakan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran yang diketahui dari persentase ketuntasan siswa sebesar 87,50%. Dengan demikian media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis animasi layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika pada materi statistika untuk siswa kelas 7 SMP.
ANALISIS INSTRUMEN TES HIGHER ORDER THINKING MATEMATIKA SMP
Authors: Sa'idah Nusrotus , Yulistianti Hayu Dian , Megawati Eka 
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari instrumen tes matematika yang dilihat dari tingkat kesulitandan daya beda soal. Instrumen yang dikembangkan adalah instrumen tes Higher order Thinking. Bentuk instrumen ini adalah multiple choice. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP N 2 Jepara dengan mata pelajaran Matematika. Telaah kualitatif meliputi aspek materi, konstruksi dan bahasa. Telaah secara kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Teori Tes Klasik. Dalam teknik analisis data aspek yang diukur adalah validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesulitan, daya beda soal dan efektivitas Distraktor. Soal ini terdiridari 20 item soal pilihan ganda yang mengacu pada taxonomy blomms. Kognitif level dalam butir ini meliputi C4(evaluasi), C5 (Analisis), dan C6(mengkreasi). Dari hasil analisis kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa secara konstruksi, bahasa dan materi mempunyai kriteria tinggi atau diterima. Hasil analisis dengan teori tes klasik menggunakan program ITEMAN menunjukkan hasil butir item pilihan ganda 50% mempunyai kriteria baik.
ESTUDO PREDITIVO DA INTENSIDADE DE CORRIDA NA MEIA-MARATONA COM BASE NA RELAÇÃO LACTATO-VELOCIDADE OBTIDA NUM TESTE DE TERRENO
Authors: Santos Paulo J. M. 
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a validade de um teste de terreno na predição da performance na meia-maratona (21095m). Foram avaliados 18 fundistas que realizaram um total de 33 meias-maratonas e um número idêntico de testes de terreno incrementais (4x2000m), de modo a determinar a relação entre a intensidade de corrida e a acumulação sangüínea de lactato. As velocidades utilizadas no teste variaram entre 4.2 e 5.8m/s, com incrementos de 0.4m/s por patamar. Após cada patamar de carga foram recolhidas amostras de sangue capilar do lóbulo da orelha e analisadas num YSI-1500L Sport para determinação da lactatemia. Na análise estatística recorremos ao Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson e ao Modelo de Regressão Linear Simples. O nível de significância foi mantido em 5%. 0 The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of a field test in predicting the half-marathon (21095m) performance. Eighteen long-distance runners performed a total of 33 halfmarathons and an equal amount of incrementai field tests (4x2000m) to established the relationship between running speed and blood lactate leveis. The speeds used in the field test ranged from 4.2 to 5.8m/s with increments of 0.4m/s in each step. Following each loading levei blood samples were taken from the ear lobe and analysed using an YSI-1500L Sport. Statistical analysis included the Pearson correlation coefficient and the simple linear regression model. The levei of significance was set at 5%
CAPOEIRA E ESCRAVIDÃO: MOVIMENTO DE RESISTÊNCIA VERSUS SUBMISSÃO
Authors: Simões Rosa Maria Araújo 
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo, baseado na metodologia da sociologia histórica, faz uma análise comparativa entre os autores GENOVESE ( 1988) e REGO (1 968). O primeiro se refere à escravidão negra nos Estados Unidos da América, o segundo, ao jogo de luta dançada denominado capoeira, o qual teve suas origens num Brasil — Colônia, cujo regime era escravocrata. A partir desta análise percebo que há, tanto num como noutro, no que diz respeito ao negro, situações de vida similares que desencadeiam semelhantes formas de luta e de submissão. No caso específico do Brasil, há a origem da capoeira, um movimento corporal de resistência negra. The present study, based in the methodology of historical sociology, makes a comparative analysis between GENOVESE (1988) and REGO (1 969). The first one refers to the black slavery in the United States of America, the second one, he refers to the play of flight danced denominated Capoeira, which had its origins in a Colony Brazil. Starting from that analysis I notice that there is, so much in an as in other, in what it says respect to the black, similar life situations that unchain fellow creatures flight forms and submission. In the case of Brazil, there is the origin of Capoeira's play, a corporal movement of black resistance.
A AVALIAÇÃO DE COMPETÊNCIAS EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: INVESTIGAÇÃO AÇÃO PARA O DESENHO DE PROCEDIMENTOS DE AVALIAÇÃO NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Lleixà Teresa , Torralba Miguel Angel , Abrahão Sergio Roberto 
Published: June 2019

No momento atual, de consolidação do currículo de competências, temos a oportunidade de repensar a avaliação. Com o objetivo de construir e validar procedimentos de avaliação de competências em Educação Física para a Educação Primária, uma equipe de professores universitários, juntamente com um grupo de professores de escola primária, utilizamos um método de investigação-ação. Ao longo deste artigo, apresentamos o processo desenvolvido que será confrontado com as características de uma boa avaliação de competências. Entre estas características destacamos: estabelecer situações problemáticas; permitir a integração e transferência de aprendizagem; aplicar a resposta em contextos diferentes.
DISPOSIÇÕES E CONTEXTOS DE AÇÃO: O ESPORTE EM QUESTÃO
Authors: Lahire Bernard 
Published: June 2019

Nesse ensaio, mesmo que se colocando numacondição de não ser exatamente um sociólogo do esporte, oautor pergunta como seu texto poderia ser útil para aqueles que conhecem muito melhor essa área do que ele. Em resposta a essa questão, inicia dando exemplos do que a Sociologia do Esporte não deve ser; com essa crítica, acaba apoiando aqueles que trabalham diariamente na construção de uma sociologia científica do esporte. Em seguida, com base no ponto de vista de sociólogo disposicionalista, propõe uma série de linhas de pesquisas articuladas, a partir de um conjunto de questões e algumas observações e/ou sugestões. Por fim, diz por que pensa que a Sociologia do Esporte poderia ser um lugar essencial de renovação e de progressão de uma Sociologia da educação que se reconciliaria com suas ambições científicas de Sociologia da socialização.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Stigger Marco Paulo 
Published: June 2019

Neste momento, estamos publicando o segundo número de nossa revista Movimento, um empreendimento no qual acreditamos e investimos, colocando muito esforço institucional. elizmente acreditamos que valeu a pena, já que tivemos uma ótima receptividade junto à comunidade ligada à Educação Física, que é o nosso público principal. Evidencia-se esta receptividade, tanto pelo grande número de assinaturas solicitadas, como pelo número de artigos encaminhados (o terceiro número já está quase fechado) e ainda por vários comentários, alguns pessoalmente, outros via correspondência, expressando apoio a nossa Movimento.