bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric asthma: An unmet need for more effective, focused treatments
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Čustović Adnan , Cabana Michael D. , Dell Sharon D. , Deschildre Antoine , Hedlin Gunilla , Hossny Elham , Le Souëf Peter , Matricardi Paolo M. , Nieto Antonio , Phipatanakul Wanda , Pitrez Paulo M. , Pohunek Petr , Gavornikova Marcela , Jaumont Xavier , Price David B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite remarkable advances in our understanding of asthma, there are still several unmet needs associated with the management of pediatric asthma.MethodsA two‐day, face‐to‐face meeting was held in London, United Kingdom, on October 28 and 29, 2017, involving a group of international expert clinicians and scientists in asthma management to discuss the challenges and unmet needs that remain to be addressed in pediatric asthma.ResultsThese unmet needs include a lack of clinical efficacy and safety evidence, and limited availability of non‐steroid‐based alternative therapies in patients <6 years of age. An increased focus on children is needed in the context of clinical practice guidelines for asthma; current pediatric practice relies mostly on extrapolations from adult recommendations. Furthermore, no uniform definition of pediatric asthma exists, which hampers timely and robust diagnosis of the condition in affected patients.ConclusionsThere is a need for a uniform definition of pediatric asthma, clearly distinguishable from adult asthma. Furthermore, guidelines which provide specific treatment recommendations for the management of pediatric asthma are also needed. Clinical trials and real‐world evidence studies assessing anti‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) therapies and other monoclonal antibodies in children <6 years of age with asthma may provide further information regarding the most appropriate treatment options in these vulnerable patients. Early intervention with anti‐IgE and non‐steroid‐based alternative therapies may delay disease progression, leading to improved clinical outcomes.
The WRKY transcription factor, WRKY13, activates PDR8 expression to positively regulate cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sheng Yibao , Yan Xingxing , Huang Ying , Han Yangyang , Zhang Cheng , Ren Yongbing , Fan Tingting , Xiao Fangming , Liu Yongsheng , Cao Shuqing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCadmium (Cd) extrusion is an important mechanism conferring Cd tolerance by decreasing its accumulation in plants. Previous studies have identified an Arabidopsis ABC transporter, PDR8, as a Cd extrusion pump conferring Cd tolerance. However, the regulation of PDR8 in response to Cd stress is still largely unknown. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis cadmium‐tolerant dominant mutant, designated xcd3‐D, from the XVE‐tagging T‐DNA insertion lines by a gain‐of‐function genetic screen. The corresponding gene was cloned and shown to encode a nuclear WRKY transcription factor WRKY13. Expression of WRKY13 was induced by Cd stress. Overexpression of WRKY13 resulted in decreased Cd accumulation and enhanced Cd tolerance, whereas loss‐of‐function of WRKY13 led to increased Cd accumulation and sensitivity. Further analysis showed that WRKY13 activates the transcription of PDR8 by directly binding to its promoter. Genetic analysis indicated that WRKY13 acts upstream of PDR8 to positively regulate Cd tolerance. Our results provide evidence that WRKY13 directly targets PDR8 to positively regulate Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Skin cancer phototype: A new classification directly related to skin cancer and based on responses from 2869 individuals
Authors: Holm‐Schou Ann‐Sofie Sonne , Philipsen Peter Alshede , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackground/purposeFitzpatrick phototype (FST) classification (based on ability to tan and tendency to burn) is widely used for evaluating skin cancer risk; however, it was not developed for that purpose and has been criticised scientifically. The purpose of the present study was a first approach in establishing a new skin cancer phototype (SCP) classification with direct relation to skin cancer risk, based on the questions originally proposed by Fitzpatrick. However, contrary to Fitzpatrick, the questions are in the present study kept separate.MethodsValidated information on skin cancer and answers about participants’ tendency to burn (4 answers) and ability to tan (4 answers) were obtained from 2869 Danes. The 16 (4 × 4 answers) possible answers formed a matrix, on which a logistic regression was carried out. Successively, the matrix neighbours which were insignificantly different were identified; of which the neighbours with the mutual lowest difference were merged. The merging resulted in four different SCP classes.ResultsThere was a linear relationship between SCP classes and skin cancer risk. Further, SCP was as good a predictor of skin cancer as objectively measured skin phototype.ConclusionAs skin phototype is an important factor in skin cancer research, SCP has great potential in investigative studies of skin cancer risk.
Do exemptions undermine environmental policy support? An experimental stress test on the odd‐even road space rationing policy in India
Authors: Bernauer Thomas , Prakash Aseem , Beiser‐McGrath Liam F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPolicies sometimes exempt particular categories of regulatees for reasons of equity and political feasibility. Will the non‐exempt oppose the policy because they shoulder all of the policy costs? We outline an analytic framework for “stress testing” public support among the non‐exempt when they are provided negative information about exemptions and reduced policy effectiveness. Empirically, we study public support for the odd‐even road space rationing policy in India. Using a survey experiment with 2,182 car owners in Bangalore, we find considerable baseline support for this policy. While support among the non‐exempt erodes when they are told about exemptions, there is no additional erosion when they are told that exemptions reduce policy effectiveness. This suggests that the perception of fairness, not policy efficacy, drives the erosion of support among the non‐exempt. Yet the policy survives the stress test because the majority of respondents continue to support it, in spite of support erosion among the non‐exempt.
The Statistical Analysis of Acoustic Phonetic Data: Exploring Differences Between Spoken Romance Languages
Authors: Pigoli Davide , Hadjipantelis Pantelis Z. , Coleman John S. , Aston John A. D. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe historical and geographical spread from older to more modern languages has long been studied by examining textual changes and in terms of changes in phonetic transcriptions. However, it is more difficult to analyse language change from an acoustic point of view, although this is usually the dominant mode of transmission. We propose a novel analysis approach for acoustic phonetic data, where the aim will be to model the acoustic properties of spoken words statistically. We explore phonetic variation and change by using a time–frequency representation, namely the log-spectrograms of speech recordings. We identify time and frequency covariance functions as a feature of the language; in contrast, mean spectrograms depend mostly on the particular word that has been uttered. We build models for the mean and covariances (taking into account the restrictions placed on the statistical analysis of such objects) and use these to define a phonetic transformation that models how an individual speaker would sound in a different language, allowing the exploration of phonetic differences between languages. Finally, we map back these transformations to the domain of sound recordings, enabling us to listen to the output of the statistical analysis. The approach proposed is demonstrated by using recordings of the words corresponding to the numbers from 1 to 10 as pronounced by speakers from five different Romance languages.
Critical discursive psychology and relational ethics: An uneasy tension?
Authors: McMullen Linda M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe debate over the ethicality of discourse analysis, particularly against the backdrop of relational ethics and the use of interview‐generated data, has recently intensified (see Hammersley, , ; Smith, ; Taylor, ). By way of extending this debate beyond the issue of what constitutes informed consent in discourse analytic research, I focus on the question of harm that might come to participants who provide data that are analysed through the lens of critical discursive psychology and who are subsequently privy to our analyses. Through the use of an actual example from my participation in a project on different ways of analysing qualitative data, I consider the ramifications of critical discursive analytic processes and goals for the ethical obligation to minimize harm to participants that might result from our analyses and for the practice of sharing qualitative analyses with participants. I conclude that choosing to reside in an uneasy tension that can exist between critical discursive psychology and relational ethics, particularly at the stages of writing, analysis, and dissemination of our work, raises questions that require further conversation.
Three Waves of State‐led Gentrification in China
Authors: He Shenjing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGentrification in China, as in any other contexts, is an innate process embedded in the dynamic urban metamorphosis, thus requires a provincialised lens to understand its ‘home grown’ mechanism and periodisation, while not losing sight of the macro politico‐economic changes. Hence I propose an analytical framework of ‘state‐centred triangular embedment’ to enable a holistic yet nuanced examination of the delicate entanglements of the state, market and society amidst the surging waves of gentrification in China: The first wave of sporadic gentrification in the 1990s, the second wave of widespread gentrification in the 2000s, and the third wave of reactivated gentrification under state‐led financialisation after 2010. Gentrification has become an integral part of the making of the modern competitive state in China, joining force with the state’s endeavour in extracting values from land/housing redevelopment through market operation, imposing modern (western) values to its society while intermittently responding to social contestations.
Comparison between manufacturing sites shows differential adhesion, activation, and GPIbα expression of cryopreserved platelets
Authors: Six Katrijn R. , Delabie Willem , Devreese Katrien M.J. , Johnson Lacey , Marks Denese C. , Dumont Larry J. , Compernolle Veerle , Feys Hendrik B. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDTransfusion of cryopreserved platelets (cryoplatelets) is not common but may replace standard liquid‐preserved platelets (PLTs) in specific circumstances. To better understand cryoplatelet function, frozen concentrates from different manufacturing sites were compared.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSCryoplatelets from Denver, Colorado (DEN); Sydney, Australia (SYD); and Ghent, Belgium (GHE) were compared (n = 6). A paired noncryopreserved control was included in Ghent. Microfluidic‐flow chambers were used to study PLT adhesion and fibrin deposition in reconstituted blood. Receptor expression was measured by flow cytometry. Coagulation in static conditions was evaluated by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM).RESULTSRegardless of the manufacturing site, adhesion of cryoplatelets under shear flow (1000/sec) was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared to control. Expression of GPIbα was decreased in a subpopulation of cryoplatelets comprising 45% ± 11% (DEN), 63% ± 9% (GHE), and 94% ± 6% (SYD). That subpopulation displayed increased annexin V binding and decreased integrin activation. PLT adhesion, agglutination, and aggregation were moreover decreased in proportion to that subpopulation. Fibrin deposition under shear flow was normal but initiated faster (546 ± 163 sec GHE) than control PLTs (631 ± 120 sec, p < 0.01), only in the absence of tissue factor. In static conditions, clotting time was faster, but clot firmness decreased compared to control. Coagulation was not different between manufacturing sites.CONCLUSIONCryopreservation results in a subset of PLTs with enhanced GPIbα shedding, increased phosphatidylserine expression, reduced integrin response, and reduced adhesion to collagen in microfluidic models of hemostasis. The proportion of this phenotype is different between manufacturing sites. The clinical effects, if any, will need to be verified.
The efficacy of extracorporeal photopheresis to arrest bronchiolitis obliterans in lung allograft recipients was compared between two automated photopheresis instruments
Authors: Chionis Lisa , Grossman Brenda J. , Hachem Ramsey , Commean Paul , Derfler Mary Clare , Vedantham Suresh , Dodds Kathy , Spitznagel Edward , Atkinson Jeff , Despotis George 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe most common instruments used for extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) treatment in the United States are the UVAR XTS and the CELLEX devices (Therakos, West Chester, PA). When compared to the UVAR XTS instrument, the efficacy of the CELLEX instrument to arrest the decline in lung function in patients with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) related to bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS) has not been previously evaluated.MethodsThe relative efficacy of the CELLEX vs UVAR XTS ECP instruments was assessed by comparing the difference in rates of FEV1 decline before and after ECP treatment and survival in two series of lung allograft recipients with BOS who had been treated with these instruments.ResultsSimilar Slope Difference values for change in rate of decline (6 months Post ECP ‐ Pre ECP) were observed between the two cohorts (UVAR XTS: 85 ± 109 mL/month vs CELLEX: 76 ± 128 mL/month, p=0.72). A similar percentage of patients responded to ECP (UVAR XTS: 77% vs CELLEX: 89%; p=0.36) i.e., as defined as a positive difference in slope between the rate of decline of FEV1 before and 6 months after ECP. Survival at either 6 (p=0.89) or 12 (p=0.8) months after the start of ECP was not associated with instrument used despite a trend in higher early mortality (34% vs 17%, p=0.054) in the patients who were predominately treated with the CELLEX.ConclusionsOur data support the use of the CELLEX for prospective studies designed to evaluate the merits of ECP in this population.
Incidence of immune thrombocytopenia in Taiwan: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Hung Giun‐Yi , Lee Chih‐Ying , Yen Hsiu‐Ju , Lin Li‐Yih , Horng Jiun‐Lin 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDThe incidence of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is not well known in Asians. The aims of this study were to survey incidences and clinical features of ITP in Taiwan.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis study identified 4855 incident ITP cases from the population‐based National Health Insurance Research Database from mid‐2006 to mid‐2013, and compared incidences, patient characteristics, and clinical manifestations of ITP by age.RESULTSRespective ITP incidence rates among those aged <15, 15 to 59, and ≥60 years were 4.0, 2.0, and 5.4 per 100,000 person‐years. A male predominance was noted in children, and a female predominance was found in adults. The most common causes of secondary ITP were systemic lupus erythematosus (21.8%), viral hepatitis C (16.9%), and viral hepatitis B (13.4%). The rate of secondary ITP in children was less than one fifth that in adults (4.2% vs. 23.8%). Rates of central nervous system (1.1%) and gastrointestinal tract bleeding (3.3%) were rare, with variations by age. The rate of splenectomies in children (0.4%) was only one tenth that in adults (4.1%). The disease in 25% of children and 30% of adults became persistent or chronic. A decreasing trend in the ITP incidence was found (annual percentage change, −4.9%), and it was confined to those aged >15 years.CONCLUSIONIncidence estimates of ITP in Taiwan were close to those of Western countries, with age‐specific variations in sex ratio, comorbidity, splenectomy, secondary causes, and incidence trends. The results suggest no racial variations in ITP incidences, but a geographical difference in causes of secondary ITP.
Methylation of protein aspartates and deamidated asparagines as a function of blood bank storage and oxidative stress in human red blood cells
Authors: Reisz Julie A. , Nemkov Travis , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Culp‐Hill Rachel , Stefanoni Davide , Hill Ryan C. , Yoshida Tatsuro , Dunham Andrew , Kanias Tamir , Dumont Larry J. , Busch Michael , Eisenmesser Elan Z. , Zimring James C. , Hansen Kirk C. , D'Alessandro Angelo 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDBeing devoid of de novo protein synthesis capacity, red blood cells (RBCs) have evolved to recycle oxidatively damaged proteins via mechanisms that involve methylation of dehydrated and deamidated aspartate and asparagine residues. Here we hypothesize that such mechanisms are relevant to routine storage in the blood bank.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWithin the framework of the REDS‐III RBC‐Omics (Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study III Red Blood Cell‐Omics) study, packed RBC units (n = 599) were stored under blood bank conditions for 10, 23, and 42 days and profiled for oxidative hemolysis and time‐dependent metabolic dysregulation of the trans‐sulfuration pathway.RESULTSIn these units, methionine consumption positively correlated with storage age and oxidative hemolysis. Mechanistic studies show that this phenomenon is favored by oxidative stress or hyperoxic storage (sulfur dioxide >95%), and prevented by hypoxia or methyltransferase inhibition. Through a combination of proteomics approaches and 13C‐methionine tracing, we observed oxidation‐induced increases in both Asn deamidation to Asp and formation of methyl‐Asp on key structural proteins and enzymes, including Band 3, hemoglobin, ankyrin, 4.1, spectrin beta, aldolase, glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, biphosphoglycerate mutase, lactate dehydrogenase and catalase. Methylated regions tended to map proximal to the active site (e.g., N316 of glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase) and/or residues interacting with the N‐terminal cytosolic domain of Band 3.CONCLUSIONWhile methylation of basic amino acid residues serves as an epigenetic modification in nucleated cells, protein methylation at carboxylate side chains and deamidated asparagines is a nonepigenetic posttranslational sensor of oxidative stress and refrigerated storage in anucleated human RBCs.
Genomic coordinates and continental distribution of 120 blood group variants reported by the 1000 Genomes Project
Authors: Montemayor‐Garcia Celina , Karagianni Panagiota , Stiles David A. , Reese Erika M. , Smellie Danielle A. , Loy Debrean A. , Levy Kimberly Y. , Nwokocha Magdalene , Bueno Marina U. , Miller Jeffery L. , Klein Harvey G. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDThe 1000 Genomes Project provides a database of genomic variants from whole genome sequencing of 2504 individuals across five continental superpopulations. This database can enrich our background knowledge of worldwide blood group variant geographic distribution and identify novel variants of potential clinical significance.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe 1000 Genomes database was analyzed to 1) expand knowledge about continental distributions of known blood group variants, 2) identify novel variants with antigenic potential and their geographic association, and 3) establish a baseline scaffold of chromosomal coordinates to translate next‐generation sequencing output files into a predicted red blood cell (RBC) phenotype.RESULTSForty‐two genes were investigated. A total of 604 known variants were mapped to the GRCh37 assembly; 120 of these were reported by 1000 Genomes in at least one superpopulation. All queried variants, including the ACKR1 promoter silencing mutation, are located within exon pull‐down boundaries. The analysis yielded 41 novel population distributions for 34 known variants, as well as 12 novel blood group variants that warrant further validation and study. Four prediction algorithms collectively flagged 79 of 109 (72%) known antigenic or enzymatically detrimental blood group variants, while 4 of 12 variants that do not result in an altered RBC phenotype were flagged as deleterious.CONCLUSIONNext‐generation sequencing has known potential for high‐throughput and extended RBC phenotype prediction; a database of GRCh37 and GRCh38 chromosomal coordinates for 120 worldwide blood group variants is provided as a basis for this clinical application.
Anti‐D quantification in relation to anti‐D titre, middle cerebral artery Doppler measurement and clinical outcome in RhD‐immunized pregnancies
Authors: Wikman Agneta , Jalkesten Elisabeth , Ajne Gunilla , Höglund Petter , Mörtberg Anette , Tiblad Eleonor 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe optimal strategy to monitor RhD‐immunized pregnancies is not evident. Whether a quantitative analysis of anti‐D antibodies adds valuable information to anti‐D titre is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of anti‐D quantification in routine monitoring of RhD‐immunized pregnancies.Materials and methodsIn a retrospective study, 64 consecutive pregnancies in 61 immunized women with anti‐D titre ≥128 at any time during pregnancy were included. According to routine, at titre ≥128, anti‐D quantification was performed by flow cytometry and the peak systolic velocity in the middle cerebral artery was measured by ultrasound. Decisions for treatment with intrauterine blood transfusion were based on increased peak systolic velocity in the middle cerebral artery.ResultsIncreasing anti‐D concentrations correlated well to increasing anti‐D titres, but at each titre value, there was a large interindividual variation, in the determined anti‐D concentration. Intrauterine transfusions were initiated in 35 pregnancies according to algorithms based on ultrasound measurements, at anti‐D concentrations of 2·4–619 IU/ml and titre 128–16 000. Sixty pregnancies resulted in a live‐born child, three in miscarriage and one in termination of pregnancy. During the perinatal care in the neonatal intensive care unit, thirty‐one of the neonates were treated with blood exchange transfusions and/or red cell transfusions and 47 were treated with phototherapy.ConclusionAnti‐D quantification does not add further information compared to anti‐D titre, in defining a critical level to start monitoring RhD‐immunized pregnancies with Doppler ultrasound.
A quality assessment of public water fountains and relation to human health: a case study from Yozgat, Turkey
Authors: Birgin Iritas Servet , Ali Turksoy Vugar , Deniz Serdar , Kocoglu Serhat , Kirat Gullu , Can Demirkesen Ali , Baba Alper 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPublic fountains are very common and everyday people appreciate the benefits a water fountain can bring. However, consumption of public fountain water in some country has decreased because of growing concerns that constituents in fountain water may have adverse effects on health. A few studies have examined the safety of public fountains, proposing only limited evidence of fountain‐related health issues in Turkey. Most of these public fountains are sourced from natural springs in Turkey. In this study, a 177 fountain water and 32 rock samples were analysed for source and quality of water. The geology of the region has the direct impact on the quality of the public fountain water. The results indicate that the level of some elements exceeded the limit values determined by WHO and US.EPA. The most striking high values were observed for iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As) and bromine (Br) concentrations.