bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bir Torefikasyon Reaktörünün Geliştirilmesi ve Kızıl Meşe “Quercus Rubra” Kullanılarak Farklı Torefikasyon Sıcaklıklarında Elde Edilen Biyokömür Yakıt Özelliklerinin Saptanması
Authors: AKTAŞ Türkan , BATUR Tolga 
Published: May 2019

Bu
araştırmada, geleneksel üretime kıyasla daha kaliteli, hızlı ve kontrollü
koşullarda biyokömür elde etmek amacıyla bir torefikasyon reaktörünün imalatı
ve en uygun torefikasyon sıcaklığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elde edilen
örneklerin yakıt özellikleri klasik yöntemlerle (torluk oluşturma ve ticari
fırın metodu) elde edilen biyokömür örneklerinin yakıt özellikleri ile
karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla,
biyokömür elde etmek için geliştirilmiş reaktör kullanılarak 5 farklı
sıcaklıkta (220, 245, 260, 280, 300 °C)
kızıl meşe “Quercus Rubra”
örnekleri torefiye edilmiş ve elde edilen örneklerin kısa analizleri yapılarak
ısıl değerleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar klasik yöntemlerle elde
edilmiş olan ve piyasada satılan ticari ürünler ile karşılaştırılmıştır.
Analizler sonucu torefiye edilmiş ürünlerde en yüksek ısıl değer, 7135 cal g-1
ile 300 °C’de elde edilmiş örnekte saptanırken, en düşük ısıl değer ise
220 °C’ de elde edilmiş olan örnekte 5421.33 cal g-1 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Ayrıca, 300 °C’de elde edilen altı
numaralı numune
sahip olduğu nem ve kül oranı ile ticari anlamda satışı yapılan piyasa ürününü
geride bırakmıştır. Numunelerde uçucu madde oranları %70-%80 aralığında, sabit
karbon oranları ise %20-%25 aralığında saptanmıştır. Uygulama sıcaklığı arttıkça
ısıl değerin arttığı, nem ve kül oranının düştüğü saptanmıştır. Nem, kül ve
uçucu madde miktarları açısından reaktörden elde edilen örneklerin, geleneksel
yöntemlerle elde edilen örneklere kıyasla daha iyi özelliklere sahip olduğu
belirlenmiştir. 300 °C' de elde edilmiş olan biyokömür örneklerinin ortalama
ısıl değeri (7135 cal g-1) ticari fırından elde edilen
biyokömürlerin ısıl değerinden (6003 cal g-1) oldukça yüksek
bulunurken, klasik torluk oluşturma
yöntemiyle elde edilen örneklerinkine de oldukça yakın olduğu saptanmıştır.
Pamukta (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Yatay ve Dikey Çiçeklenme Aralıklarının Kalıtımı
Authors: GÜVERCİN Ramazan Şadet , OĞLAKÇI Mustafa 
Published: May 2019

Pamukta çok sayıda erkencilik özelliği kullanılmaktadır.
Yatay (YÇA) ve dikey çiçeklenme aralığı
(DÇA), bu özelliklerden ikisidir. Bu çalışma, YÇA ve DÇA kalıtımı (H ve h2)
ile ebeveynlerin genel (GUY), melezlerin ise özel uyuşma yeteneğini (ÖUY) belirlemek
amacıyla Kahramanmaraş’ta yürütülmüştür. 2010 yılında, geçci ve orta erkenci
dört pamuk çeşidi ana, erkenci iki çeşit ise baba olarak kullanılmış ve Line x
Tester analiz yöntemine uygun melezlemeyle sekiz F1 kombinasyonu
geliştirilmiştir. 2011 yılında da ebeveynler ile melezler 26 Nisan ve 04
Haziran tarihlerinde, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde, üç tekerrürlü ekilmiştir.
Çalışma sonucunda, genotipler önemli ve özelliklerin
kalıtımı yüksek bulunurken, YÇA 4.99, DÇA ise 2.86 gün olmuş ve ekim zamanı
geciktikçe YÇA ortalama % -13.99, DÇA ise % -8.36 azalmıştır. Furkan ve Primera
çok önemli GUY’ne sahip olurken, melezlerin ÖUY önemsiz bulunmuştur. YÇA’nın
kalıtımı, ekim zamanından etkilenmemiş, DÇA kalıtımı ise geç ekimde yükselmiştir.
Bu durum, eklemeli gen etkisinin yüksekliği ve üstün dominantlıktan
kaynaklanırken, çok sayıda özelliğin etkilediği kütlü verimi, ekim geciktikçe
ebeveynlerde % -44.39, melezlerde ise % -37.91 oranında azalmıştır.
Investigation of In-vivo Pb(NO3)2 Toxicity with Physiological, Biochemical and Cytogenetic Parameters
Authors: GİRASUN Nurcan , YALÇIN Emine , ACAR Ali , ÇAVUŞOĞLU Kürşat , ÇAVUŞOĞLU Kültigin 
Published: May 2019

In this study, physiological, anatomical
and cytogenetic effects of different doses of Pb(NO3)2 in
Allium cepa L. were investigated. The root
length, percentage of germination and weight increase were used as
physiological parameters and chromosomal damage frequency, mitotic index (MI)
and micronucleus (MN) frequency were determined as cytogenetic parameters. The anatomical damages were
investigated by examining the root tip cross sections of the plant. To
determine the toxicity, a control and three administration groups were formed
and the treatment groups were germinated with 50, 100 and 200 mg of L-1Pb(NO3)2 at 25°C for 72 hours. The result of
experiment indicated that Pb(NO3)2application decreased the germination percentage,
root length, weight gain and MI, and increased the MN frequency and chromosomal
damage formations. It
was observed that Pb(NO3)2 induced chromosomal damages such as
the unequal distribution of chromatin, fragment, sticky chromosome, chromosome
bridge and c-mitosis. In addition, Pb(NO3)2application caused the anatomic damages including cortex
cell wall thickening, cell deformation, nonspecific transmission tissue,
necrosis, accumulation of some substances in the cortex cells and flattened
cell nucleus in A. cepa root end
meristematic cells. As a result, Pb(NO3)2
was found to cause
physiological, anatomical and cytogenetic toxicity depending the application
dose and it was determined that A. cepa
was a strong bioindicator in determining the toxicity.
Analgesic Effects of Sevoflurane and Isoflurane on Elderly Patients with Colon Cancer and Their Influences on Immunity and Postoperative Cognitive Function
Authors: YANG Mingde , YU Yan , LIU Quanfeng 
Published: May 2019

Background: We aimed to investigate the analgesic effect and immune function of elderly patients with colon cancer after application of sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia.
Methods: Overall, 130 patients with colon cancer in Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang (Weifang, China) from February 2014 to January 2017 were collected and randomly divided into sevoflurane group (SEV group) and isoflurane group (ISO group). The pain score, immune indexes, postoperative cognitive index, extubation time, awakening time and S100R protein were analyzed.
Results: The pain scores in SEV group at 5 min, 1 h and 3 h during surgery were significantly lower than those in ISO group (P=0.001, respectively). The levels of IL-6 in both groups of patients were higher at T1 and T2 than those at T0 (P=0.001). The levels of TNF-α in SEV group at T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that at T0 (P=0.001). The levels of CD80 in both groups of patients at T2 and T3 were obviously higher than those at T0 (P=0.001). Moreover, the extubation time, the response time to language and awakening time in SEV group were also remarkably shorter than those in ISO group (P=0.001). After continuous anesthesia in both groups of patients, the degrees of decline in ISO group were significantly higher than those in SEV group (P=0.001).
Conclusion: Sevoflurane has a superior anesthetic effect to isoflurane in elderly patients with colon cancer, can reduce the degree of pain, improve the awakening condition and increase the immune function, so it is worthy of clinical application.
Non-Fire Related Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Sichuan, China: A 9-Year Study (2008-2016)
Authors: CHEN Fan , YE Yi , WEI Qingtao , CHEN Jianxia , WU Hao , YAN Youyi , LIAO Linchuan 
Published: May 2019

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most important intoxications in the modern world. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of CO poisoning deaths in Sichuan province in the west of China.
Methods: Data on fatal non-fire-related carbon monoxide poisoning in Sichuan from 2008 to 2016 were obtained from the Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology of Sichuan University and were analyzed by the month and year of registration of death, sex, age group, manner of death, source of CO, and location of CO exposure. Comparing with the previous studies carried out in Wuhan and Shanghai to identify the regional differences of CO poisoning in China.
Results: A total of 165 non-fire related CO poisoning cases including 237 victims were recorded. Over 90% of the victims died from accidental poisoning. Non-fire related CO poisoning occurred more frequently in winter months and was most prevalent in individuals aged between 18 and 60 yr old. Showering gas accident and coal or charcoal burning was found to be the major source of CO in accident and in suicide cases, respectively. Furthermore, significant regional differences of CO poisoning have been detected in the manner of death and the source of CO.
Conclusion: These findings will be valuable in the targeted prevention of non-fire related CO poisoning in China.
Morphological and rheological study of the epoxy polymer and their nanocomposite (NGTHTPTBAE/MDA/TSP) crosslinked by methylene dianiline and formulated by trisodium phosphate
Authors: HSİSSOU Rachid , BERRADİ Mohamed , EL BOUCHTİ Mehdi , EL HARFİ Ahmed 
Published: May 2019

The present work
consists the elaboration and the rheological behaviors of nanocomposite
(NGTHTPTBAE/MDA/TSP) in the presence of the epoxy resin nanoglycidyl
trihydrazine 4.4.4-tripropoxy tribisphenol A of ethylene (NGTHTPTBAE),
methylene dianiline (MDA) and trisodium phosphate (TSP) used as filler.
Furthermore, we have studied the performance of nanocomposites (NGTHTPTBAE/MDA/TSP)
crosslinked by methylene dianiline and formulated by trisodium phosphate at
different percentages. Then, the storage modulus G' and the loss modulus G''
(or tanδ = G''/G') are established as a function of the temperature. From these
dependencies, we determined the glass transition temperature or tanδ maximum.
Moreover, tan δ &gt; 1 for liquid-like materials and it becomes lower than
unity for solid-like materials. Finally, the dispersion of the trisodium
phosphate incorporated into various prepared nanocomposite (NGTHTPTBAE/MDA/TSP)
was determined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Characteristics of rural agritainment sewage in Sichuan, China
Authors: Ding Ruonan , Li Yungui , Yu Xi , Peng Yanmeng , Zhang Zhigui , Wei Liang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
As a new form of rural tourism, agritainment originating from Sichuan food and recreation establishments is now popular all over China. The physico-chemical characteristics of agritainment sewage in Sichuan were surveyed through questionnaires and sample analysis. It was found that 5.3% of agritainment sites discharged black water directly while 25.3% of sites discharged grey water directly in the environment. The annual average ratio of sewage discharge volume to agritainment operating income is 9.24 L/yuan and could be used to predict discharge volume. The annual discharge volume from agritainment in Sichuan was 124 billion litres in 2017 and was 55% higher than that of 2016. The annual sewage discharge volume from agritainment sites in Sichuan ranged from 12 thousand to 38 million litres and the total sewage discharge volume from 24% of agritainment sites represented 77% of the total annual discharge volume. The main pollutants in Sichuan agritainment sewage were total suspended solids (10–2,470 mg/L), total phosphorus (0.07–17.1 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (144–2,580 mg/L) and anionic surfactant (3.5–411 mg/L) and the percentage of sewage exceeding the standard (Chinese standards GB8918-1996 Class II) of these environmental indicators was up to 45%, 75%, 95% and 80%, respectively. Considering the increasing volume and concentration of agritainment sewage, we urge the public and government to be aware of related water pollution issues. Based on this study, additional surveys of characteristics of agritainment sewage are suggested to be included in the third national pollution source survey in China (2027).
Reliability and Validity of the Feedback Sensor for Activating the Transversus Abdominis Muscle
Authors: Dissanguan Duangruedee , Sitilertpisan Patraporn , Kiatwattanacharoen Suchart , Joseph Leonard H. , Puangmali Pinyo , Paungmali Aatit 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Core muscle activation is an effective intervention for the management of Low Back Pain (LBP). This study developed new feedback for detecting activation of the transversus abdominis muscle in the lumbar spine. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the feedback device for transversus abdominis muscle contraction.

Methods:
The participants in this study were 20 healthy males and females (aged 24.1 ± 6.8 years). The feedback sensor was attached to the lumbar support at the front of the trunk. The participants performed an abdominal drawing-in maneuver in order to activate the transversus abdominis muscle, and values from the feedback sensor were collected at the same time. Ultrasound imaging of the transversus abdominis muscle was also collected simultaneously. The feedback sensor collected values at different clinical levels of the pressure biofeedback unit at 64, 66, 68, and 70 mmHg. The protocol was repeated with a 24-hr interval. Intra-class correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation and standard error of measurements were used to examine reliability. The validity of the values obtained from the relationship between the feedback sensor and transversus abdominis muscle thickness was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients.

Results:
Test–retest reliability of the feedback sensor was excellent (ICC = 0.946, CV = 2.6%, SEMs = 0.54%). Values of the feedback sensor reported a significantly moderate correlation with the gold standard ultrasound measurement (r = - 0.514, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The feedback device demonstrated potential reliability and validity for clinical use by indicating activation of the transversus abdominis muscle.
IN VITRO HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF YELLOW LEAF EXTRACTS OF THESPESIA POPULNEA AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED TOXICITY
Authors: A. UMADEVI , KUMAR P. AJITH 
Published: May 2019

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate in vitro hepatoprotective activity of yellow leaf extracts of Thespesiapopulnea.
Methods: Hepatoprotective activity is studied by carbon tetrachloride-induced hepato-toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. The biochemical parameters observed in serum were serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT/AST), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT/ALT) levels. The extracts exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in AST, ALT levels.
Results: Methanolic extract was found to exhibit higher hepatoprotection. T. populnea extract was found to be antihepatotoxic at a concentration of 125 mcg with a significant decrease in ALT (P<0.001) and AST (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: The results suggest that the methanolic extract has produced significant (p<0.001) hepatoprotection by decreasing the activity of serum enzymes which is comparable to that of standard drug silymarin.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS OF SEVEN BROWN SEAWEED FROM DJIBOUTI COAST
Authors: FOURREH ABDIRAHMAN ELMI , ABDOUL-LATIF FATOUMA MOHAMED , IBRAHIM MOUSTAPHA NOUR , ALI ALI MERITO 
Published: May 2019

Objective: This study focuses on the antioxidant potential of Djibouti brown seaweed and their phenolic contents.
Methods: We evaluated the antioxidant potential by DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and their phenolic contents of seven Djibouti seaweed: Cytoseira myrica, Padina pavonica, Sargassum fluitans, Sargassum ilifolium, Sargassum sp, Turbinaria triquetra and Turbinaria turbinata. Also, we searched the secondary metabolites of these seaweeds.
Results: We obtain a higher antioxidant activity at 60,7±0,9 % and a higher phenolic content at 199,01±0,5 μg equivalent phloroglucinol (PGE)/g dry matter for Padina pavonica. A good linear correlation (R2 = 0,898) is observed between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic content of the seaweed studied. Also, two Padina pavonica collected in two different locations have different biochemical concentrations and antioxidant activity, suggesting the influence of the marine environment on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and the biological activities of seaweed.
The present study shows the presence of tannins, saponosides, flavonoids and steroid-terpenes.
Conclusion: The species studied show interesting antioxidant activities and can be consumed to prevent oxidative stress.
Eğitim Yöneticisi 21. yy. Becerileri Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ÇOBAN Ömür , BOZKURT Süheyla , KAN Adnan 
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmen algılarına göre eğitim yöneticilerinin 21.
yy. becerilerine ne derece sahip olduklarını ortaya koymaya yönelik geçerli ve
güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. 21. yy becerileri alan yazında var
olan sınıflamaya dayalı olarak belirlenmiştir. Taslak ölçeğin kapsam
geçerliliğine uygun olup olmadığını tespit etmek için 6 uzmandan görüş
alınmıştır. Araştırmaya Milli Eğitim Bakanlığında çalışan toplam 361 öğretmen
katılmıştır. Toplanan verilerin alan yazına dayalı olarak belirlenen faktör
yapısını doğrulayıp doğrulamadığını incelemek amacıyla Doğrulayıcı Faktör
Analizi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerin sonucunda eğitim
yöneticilerinin 21. yy. becerilerine ne derece sahip olduklarını ortaya koyan
geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirilmiştir.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS TEKS BERITA OLEH SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI PANCUR BATU TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2014/2015
Authors: Maretta Desy , Barus Sanggup 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran inkuiri terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3Pancur Batu tahun pembelajaran 2014/2015 yang berjumlah 245 populasi dengan sampel 30 siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes tertulis berbentuk essai. Dari pengolahan data yang diperoleh hasil pre-test dengan nilai rata-rata = 67 standar deviasi 10,04, siswa yang berkemampuan dalam kategori sangat baik 1 orang(3.33%), kategori baik 10 orang (33,34%), kategori cukup 7 orang( 23,33%), kategori kurang 9 orang (30%) dan kategori sangat kurang sebanyak 3 orang (10%). Hasil post-test dengan rata-rata = 78 standar deviasi 7,91, siswa yang berkemampuan dalam kategori sangat baik sebanyak 9 orang (30%), kategori baik sebanyak 13 orang (43,34%), kategori cukup sebanya 7 orang (23,33%), dan kategori kurang sebanya 1 orang (3,33%).Dari uji data hasil kelas pre-test dan post-test didapat kedua hasil distribusi normal. Dari uji data hasil homogenitas di dapat bahwa sampel penelitian ini berasal dari populasi yang homogen. Setelah uji normalitas dan homogenitas, di dapat to diketahui, kemudian dikonsultasikan dengan tabel t pada taraf signifikasi 5% dengan df=N-1=30-1=29 dari df=29 diperoleh taraf signifikan 5%=2,04, karena to yang diperoleh lebih besar dari tabel yaitu 4,95> 2,04 maka hipotesis alternatif (Ha)diterima.Berdasarkan data di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran inkuiri berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kemampuan menulis teks berita siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3Pancur Batu tahun pembelajaran 2014/2015. Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran inkuiri ,menulis teks berita
Improving The Students’ Speaking Achievement in Narrative Text Through Snowball Throwing Model
Authors: Pane Ira 
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted to discover students’ achievement in narrative text through snowball throwing model. The design of this study was Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subject of this study was the students of Grade VIII, 2013/2014 school year of SMP Swasta Taman Harapan Medan. The number of students was 39 students. The research was conducted in to two cycles and each cycle consisted of three meeting which consisted of four stages, namely: planning, action, observation, and reflection. To collect the data the instruments that used were qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were collected by using diary notes, observation sheet, and questionnaire sheet. The quantitative data were collected by giving speaking test. Based on the data, the students’ score in speaking test got improvement in every cycle. In Test I, the mean of the students’ score was 64.44 while in Test II, the mean of the students’ score was 68.92 and in Test III, the mean of students’ score was 74.15. Based on the result of quantitative data, it was found that there was improvement on students’ speaking achievement in narrative text. Keyword:Narrative text, snowball throwing model, classroom actionresearch
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING ON STUDENTS’ RECOUNT TEXT WRITING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Hutagalung Dyan Yosephin , Sihombing Lince , Gintings Elia Masa 
Published: May 2019

This research deals with the effect of problem based learning on students’ recount text writing achievement. The population of this research was the students of VIII SMP of SMP Negeri 18 Medan in Academic Year 2015 / 2016. This research was conducted with two randomized groups namely experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught by using problem based learning strategy and the control group was taught without using problem based learning. The researcher collected the data by giving essay test in the written test form. In order to know the reliability of the test, the researcher used inter-rater formula. The result of the reliability was 0, 93. The data was analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the mean scores of the students in the experimental group was significantly higher than the mean scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant α= 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 70 with tobserved value 7,327 > ttable value 1,994. Therefore, null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. The finding indicated that problem based learning significantly affected the students’ achievement in writing recount text. Key words: Problem Based Learning, Recount Text, Writing Achievement
THE TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION OF HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT TO THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS IN MEDAN
Authors: Simanjuntak Nova Marya , Sibarani Berlin , Gultom Johannes Jefria 
Published: May 2019

The objectives of this study were to describe how the teachers teach reading comprehension of hortatory exposition text to the eleventh grade students in Medan and to reveal the underlying reasons why they did that way. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative design. The subjects of this study were two English teachers who taught at the eleventh grade students at SMA Methodist 8 Medan in academic year 2016/2017. The data were collected by observing, video recording and interviewing and analyzed by using Miles and Huberman technique (1994). The findings of the study showed that most of the teachers’ way are not yet focusing on teaching reading comprehension but rather focusing to the teaching the knowledge of the genre. The underlying reasons of the teachers’ ways in teaching reading comprehension did not facilitate reading comprehension. It was due to the misperception of the concept of teaching reading comprehension. Keywords: teaching, reading comprehension, hortatory exposition text
THE EFFECT OF USING WORDLESS PICTURE BOOK ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT
Authors: Sembiring Sirikit Karola Br , Ginting Elia Masa , Sinulingga Johan 
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of Using Wordless Picture Book on students’ achievement in writing recount text. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade VIII, SMP Negeri 1 Stabat. Two classes from five parallel classes were taken by lottery technique which divided into two groups, 30 students as control group and 30 students as experimental group. The instrument used in this research is to find quantitative data. The analysis in were showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 58, t-observed value 3.006 > t-table value > 2.000. The findings indicate that using Wordless Picture Book significantly affected the students’ writing achievement. So, English teachers are suggested to use Wordless Picture Book in order to improve students’ achievement in writing recount text. Keywords : Wordless Picture Book, Writing Recount Text