bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human iPSC-derived neural stem cells displaying radial glia signature exhibit long-term safety in mice
Authors: Luciani Marco , Garsia Chiara , Beretta Stefano , Cifola Ingrid , Peano Clelia , Merelli Ivan , Petiti Luca , Miccio Annarita , Meneghini Vasco , Gritti Angela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem/progenitor cells (hiPSC-NSCs) hold promise for treating neurodegenerative and demyelinating disorders. However, comprehensive studies on their identity and safety remain limited. In this study, we demonstrate that hiPSC-NSCs adopt a radial glia-associated signature, sharing key epigenetic and transcriptional characteristics with human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) while exhibiting divergent profiles from glioblastoma stem cells. Long-term transplantation studies in mice showed robust and stable engraftment of hiPSC-NSCs, with predominant differentiation into glial cells and no evidence of tumor formation. Additionally, we identified the Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Transcription Factor 1 (SREBF1) as a regulator of astroglial differentiation in hiPSC-NSCs. These findings provide valuable transcriptional and epigenetic reference datasets to prospectively define the maturation stage of NSCs derived from different hiPSC sources and demonstrate the long-term safety of hiPSC-NSCs, reinforcing their potential as a viable alternative to hfNSCs for clinical applications.
Finite element-based evaluation of the supraspinatus tendon biomechanical environment necessitates better clinical management based on tear location and thickness
Authors: Garcia Mason , Razavi Ahmad Hedayatzadeh , Caro Daniela , Ramappa Arun J. , DeAngelis Joseph P. , Nazarian Ara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPartial-thickness rotator cuff tears are a common cause of pain and disability and are central to developing full-thickness rotator cuff tears. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the alterations to the mechanical environment due to these lesions. Computational models that study the alterations to the mechanical environment of the supraspinatus tendon can help advance clinical management to avoid tear progression and provide a basis for surgical intervention. In this study, we use three-dimensional validated finite element models from six intact specimens to study the effects of low- and high-grade tears originating on the articular and bursal surfaces of the supraspinatus tendon. Bursal-sided tears generally had a lower failure load, modulus, and strain than articular-sided tears. Thus, caution should be taken when managing bursal-sided tears as they may be more susceptible to tear progression.
Research and performance analysis of random forest-based feature selection algorithm in sports effectiveness evaluation
Authors: Li Yujiao , Mu Yingjie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rapid progress in fields such as data mining and machine learning, as well as the explosive growth of sports big data, have posed new challenges to the research of sports big data. Most of the available sports data mining techniques concentrates on extracting and constructing effective features for basic sports data, which cannot be achieved simply by using data statistics. Especially in the targeted mining of sports data, traditional mining techniques still have shortcomings such as low classification accuracy and insufficient refinement. In order to solve the problem of low accuracy in traditional mining methods, the study combines the random forest algorithm with the artificial raindrop algorithm, and adopts a sports data mining method based on feature selection to achieve effective analysis of sports big data. This study is based on the evaluation method of motion effects using random forests, and uses feature extraction algorithms to study the motion effect impacts. It uses the information gain index to rank the importance of features and accurately gain the degree of influence of exercise on various indicators of the human body. Through simulation verification, the algorithm proposed by the research institute performs the best in accuracy and FI scores on the training and testing sets, with accuracies of 0.849 ± 0.021 and 0.819 ± 0.022, respectively, and F1 scores of 0.837 ± 0.020 and 0.864 ± 0.021, respectively. This indicates that the algorithm proposed by the research institute has high classification accuracy and performance proves that the Random Forest-based feature selection algorithm established in this study is superior to the existing traditional feature extraction and extraction methods in terms of both performance and accuracy. The proposal of this data analysis method has achieved accurate and efficient utilization of sports big data, which is of great significance for the development of the sports education industry.
Multicenter evaluation of ceftazidime-avibactam use in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in OXA-48 endemic regions
Authors: Mert Ali , Derin Okan , Akalın Halis , Dumlu Rıdvan , Gündeş Sibel , Zengin Rehile , Kocagöz Sesin , Gündoğdu Yasemin , Köksal İftihar , Yalçın Demet , Üstün Cemal , Kapmaz Mahir , Görenek Levent , Karahangil Kadriye , Can Füsun ,   Consortium, Önal Uğur , Tekin Süda , Çetinkaya Rıza Aytaç , Taşçıoğlu Didem Akal , Yetkin Gülay İmadoğlu , Başgönül Sedef , Gençer Serap , Akbulut Ece , Arslan Ferhat , Şenol Güneş , Kıraklı Cenk , Menekşe Şirin , Alan Servet , Sarıgüzel Nevin , Hakko Elif , Karabay Mehmet , Şimşek Funda , Yılmaz Sibel İba , Çevik Esin , Kaya Bülent , Ergönül Önder 
Published: November 2024

AbstractData in the literature on the use of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (CRKP-BSIs) are limited especially in OXA-48 (Oxacillinase-48) predominant regions. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of CAZ-AVI use on outcomes in CRKP-BSIs in Turkey, where OXA-48 is endemic. A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted between January 2017 and September 2021. The effects of clinical and treatment characteristics on 30-day mortality and relapse in CRKP-BSIs were analyzed. Predictors of outcomes were detected using a Cox regression model. The study enrolled 106 adults with CAZ-AVI-sensitive CRKP-BSIs who received CAZ-AVI for at least 72 h. Patients who received CAZ-AVI as initial therapy had lower mortality rates when compared to those who switched from last resort regimens [14.3% (n = 3/21) vs. 37.7% (n = 32/85), p = 0.04]. In multivariate analysis, older age and severe neutropenia were detected to be associated with higher mortality, significantly. Initiation of CAZ-AVI on the day of blood culture was obtained, was found to be significantly associated with lower mortality (HR: 0.25, CI: 0.07–0.84, p = 0.025). CAZ-AVI monotherapy is an important treatment option for CRKP-BSIs in OXA-48 endemic areas. Early initiation of CAZ-AVI should be preferred rather than switching from a last-resort regimen as it profoundly improves the survival rates.
Unrolled generative adversarial network for continuous distributions under hybrid quantum-classical model
Authors: Gong Chen , Wen Zhuo-Yu , Deng Yun-Wei , Zhou Nan-Run , Zeng Qing-Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quantum generative adversarial networks (QGANs) can effectively enhance the performance and efficiency of classical GANs by utilizing the parallelism of quantum computation and quantum superposition. However, QGANs typically suffer from mode collapse during the training process of generative tasks. It would make the generator only be able to generate partially correct data approximately. To solve this problem, an unrolled QGAN model based on a hybrid quantum-classical framework is constructed. The unrolled QGAN can match the generator with a better discriminator by separately training the discriminator prior to the training on the generator. The model is applied to generate quantum and Gaussian distributions, and comparative experiments are performed between the QGAN and the proposed unrolled one. Mean value, KL divergence, and standard deviation are calculated and compared to evaluate the generative performance of the model. Numerical and experimental results show that the proposed unrolled QGAN can increase the diversity and coverage of generated data distributions, significantly enhancing the generative effect.
The Institutions of Kingship and Diplomacy
Authors: Blachford Kevin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Two Eyes rivalry would develop across late antiquity norms and practices that allowed for shared ideas of hierarchy, status, and imperial greatness. Through such practices, the two empires would adopt institutions of diplomacy and kingship which allowed for each empire to recognize within the other similar claims to authority and legitimacy, despite professing universal claims to rule. Within modern international relations, English School scholars highlight the importance of institutions as constituting the normative structure of an inter-polity society. For late antiquity, the institution of diplomacy allowed for cooperation and coexistence, while the institution of kingship worked to hierarchically organize other actors in a series of client–patron relations.
Client Kings and Barbarians
Authors: Blachford Kevin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The normative order of the Two Eyes system rested on a set of client–patron relations in which subordinate kings would accept a lower status in comparison to the Byzantine emperor and Persian shah. Through shared courtly cultures and imperial patronage, the two imperial centres sought to order the world around them. This hierarchical order, however, was challenged by the rise of nomadic confederations which threatened imperial stability. The Huns and the Hephthalites both challenged the ability of the emperor and shah to portray themselves as equal ‘brothers’ to one another. The nomadic threat therefore challenged the very basis of the dual hierarchy of the Two Eyes system.
Diplomatic Practices in the Sixth Century
Authors: Blachford Kevin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The period of the sixth century would see the Byzantine and Persian rivalry adopt two seemingly contradictory trends. The two imperial powers would develop highly formalized practices of diplomacy concurrently with a greater propensity to war. Two peace treaties in particular, the ‘Eternal Peace’ treaty of 532 and the treaty of 561/2, would seek to recognize mutual spheres of influence and create strategic stability between the two empires. The negotiations between the two sides aimed to resolve the problem of defending against nomadic incursions. This diplomacy demonstrates that a certain level of coexistence was accepted as each empire recognized their rival’s legitimate interests despite still professing universal claims to rule.
Co-Producing Art’s Cognitive Value
Authors: Earley Christopher 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
After viewing a painting, reading a novel, or seeing a film, audiences often feel that they improve their cognitive standing on the world beyond the canvas, page, or screen. To learn from art in this way, I argue, audiences must employ high degrees of epistemic autonomy and creativity, engaging in a process I call ‘insight through art’. Some have worried that insight through art uses audience achievements to explain an artwork’s cognitive and artistic value, thereby failing to properly appreciate the cognitive and artistic achievements of artists. I move against this worry by arguing that in order to learn via insight through art, audiences must collaborate with artists, sharing the labour and credit for the cognitive achievements they co-produce. I claim this co-productive outlook reveals that our appreciation of art’s cognitive and artistic value involves far more audience participation than has hitherto been realized.
Upstairs, downstairs: conserved and divergent CLAVATA signalling in shoot meristem development and root symbioses
Authors: Scott Tiana E , Correa-Lozano Alejandro , Foo Eloise 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The CLV3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptides control plant development and response to the environment. Key conserved roles include the regulation of shoot apical meristems and the long-distance control of root colonization by nutrient-acquiring microbes, including the widespread symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nodulation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes. At least some signalling elements appear to operate across both processes but clear gaps in our understanding remain. In legumes, although CLE peptide signalling has been examined in detail in symbioses, the role of this pathway in shoot apical meristem (SAM) development is poorly understood.

Scope
In this Research in Context, we review the literature to clarify the conserved and divergent elements of the CLAVATA-CLE peptide signalling pathways that control SAM development, mycorrhizal colonization and nodulation. We used novel pea mutants to determine the role of CLE signalling in regulating SAM development of a model legume, including interactions with temperature.

Conclusions
We found that in pea, both genetic and environmental buffering of the CLE pathway influence SAM development. In pea, the CLAVATA2 (CLV2) CLE receptor-like protein and the unknown gene product encoded by the K301 gene are required to limit SAM size and floral organ production under cool conditions. In contrast, the CLAVATA1 receptor-like kinase promotes SAM proliferation and appears to do so via a CLV2-independent pathway. In contrast, we found no role for the RDN1 enzyme, capable of arabinosylating CLE peptides, in SAM development. Future studies in other legumes are required to examine the role of other CLE peptide signalling elements in SAM control. Studies in non-vascular mycorrhizal hosts could explore if the control of symbioses is also an ancestral role for this signalling pathway.
The frontier of precision medicine: application of single-cell multi-omics in preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Jinglei , Zhang Nan , Mai Qingyun , Zhou Canquan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The advent of single-cell multi-omics technologies has revolutionized the landscape of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), offering unprecedented insights into the genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiles of individual cells in early-stage embryos. This breakthrough holds the promise of enhancing the accuracy, efficiency, and scope of PGD, thereby significantly improving outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and genetic disease prevention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of PGD in the context of precision medicine and elucidates how single-cell multi-omics technologies have transformed this field. We begin with a brief history of PGD, highlighting its evolution and application in detecting genetic disorders and facilitating ART. Subsequently, we delve into the principles, methodologies, and applications of single-cell genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in PGD, emphasizing their role in improving diagnostic precision and efficiency. Furthermore, we review significant recent advances within this domain, including key experimental designs, findings, and their implications for PGD practices. The advantages and limitations of these studies are analyzed to assess their potential impact on the future development of PGD technologies. Looking forward, we discuss the emerging research directions and challenges, focusing on technological advancements, new application areas, and strategies to overcome existing limitations. In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of single-cell multi-omics in PGD, highlighting its potential to drive the progress of precision medicine and personalized treatment strategies, thereby marking a new era in reproductive genetics and healthcare.
A challenging discrimination of an intensely [18F]PSMA-1007-avid solitary lesion at the skull base in a patient with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer
Authors: Novruzov Emil , Niegisch Günter , Pauck David , Schmitt Dominik , Kuhlmann Julian , Beseoglu Kerim , Antoch Gerald , Schimmöller Lars , Giesel Frederik L , Mamlins Eduards 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis to brain has been reported to occur only up to 0.6% of patients and these are mostly diagnosed in autopsy series. In the setting of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, a suspected PSMA-avid (prostate-specific membrane antigen) lesion in the brain is still strongly suggestive of an intracranial metastasis of prostate cancer. This needs, however, a thoroughly recurrency work-up due to other potentially PSMA-avid cranial lesions, as PSMA initially was developed for the imaging of primary CNS tumours. We report of a challenging clinical case of a 71-year-old-patient with a strongly PSMA-avid lesion at the skull base. Given the medical history of a meningioma at the skull base, the further diagnostic work-up with MRI could still not rule out a malignancy, so that the patient needed to undergo a surgical excision of the tumour mass. The histological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed a relapsed CNS WHO grade 1 meningioma. From the aspect of molecular imaging and critical analysis of regular clinical care in a third-level university hospital, we consider this result very intriguing. Hence, we analyse the decision-making process and clinical course of this case in the light of molecular imaging findings.
Association of postoperative opioid type with mortality and readmission rates: multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Winther Stasia , Jimenez-Solem Espen , Sillesen Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Opioid treatment in postoperative pain management is crucial, but the impact of administration practices on outcomes is unclear. The hypothesis was that prescription trends remained stable over recent years, and that no difference in mortality and readmission risks is associated with prescription strategies.

Method
Electronic health records of surgical episodes in the Capital and Zealand Regions of Denmark from 2017 to 2021 were analysed. All opioids administered during postoperative admission were converted to oral morphine equivalents (OMEQs) and an average daily dose per patient was calculated. The opioid administered in the highest OMEQ dosages is considered the primary opioid strategy for the surgical case. Administration trends were analysed through linear regression, and Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios to assess dominant opioid strategies’ association with 90-day mortality and readmission rates while controlling for confounders.

Results
A total of 183 317 patients met the inclusion criteria. Prescription trends remained steady during the study period. Multivariable analysis revealed increased readmission risk (HR 1.18, P &lt; 0.001) of tramadol and tapentadol compared to morphine. They exhibited decreased 90-day mortality risk (HR 0.63, P &lt; 0.001). Oxycodone had similar readmission risk (HR 1.009, P = 0.24) but lower 90-day mortality risk (HR 0.68, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Postoperative in-hospital opioid administration remained stable from 2017 to 2021. Tramadol/tapentadol had a higher risk of readmission but lower mortality risk. Oxycodone had comparable readmission but reduced mortality risk. This study provides a framework for future clinical trials assessing this potential impact of opioids in a targeted manner.
Genetic Variation in Jamaican Populations of the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei
Authors: Errbii Mohammed , Myrie Ameka , Robinson Dwight , Schultner Eva , Schrader Lukas , Oettler Jan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei was first described in Africa in 1867 and has spread to all major coffee-producing regions worldwide, including Jamaica. Using long-read sequencing, we produced a new high-quality reference genome (172.7 Mb) for the Jamaican strain of the CBB, with 93% of the genome assembled into 14 scaffolds. Whole genome sequencing of pooled samples from different populations across Jamaica showed that the CBB harbors low levels of genetic diversity alongside an excess of low-frequency alleles, indicative of a recent genetic bottleneck. The analyses also showed a recent surge in the activity of transposable elements (TEs), particularly LINE/R1 and LTR/Gypsy elements, within CBB populations. Our findings offer first insights into the evolutionary genomics of CBB populations in Jamaica, highlighting the potential role of TEs in shaping the genome of this important pest species.
The National Institute on Aging’s Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research: Development, Evolution, and Impact
Authors: Stahl Sidney M , Lichtenberg Peter A , Barnes Lisa L , Muramatsu Naoko , Manson Spero M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Spanning nearly 30 of the 50 years in which the National Institute on Aging (NIA) has existed, the Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research (RCMAR) program represents one of the most successful initiatives for advancing minority aging research and diversifying the scientific workforce within the Institute and across the National Institutes of Health. This article celebrates the genesis of the RCMAR program, beginning with the need to enhance this work, ranging from theories underlying the then-nascent field of health disparities research to study design, measurement, and analytic procedures. It describes the companion focus on preparing, expanding, and diversifying generations of future scholars/scientists to carry forward these advances. RCMAR’s emphasis on promoting a comprehensive approach to research career development and building supportive learning communities heralded a more holistic approach to training than was previously the case. The discussion describes the evolution of the structure and emphases of the RCMAR program as it has responded to the frequently changing political, funding, and research environments. The article concludes by highlighting the major successes of this initiative, the challenges it faces, and opportunities afforded future growth as individual centers, the program at large, and NIA as a whole continue to innovate as they collectively address the original goals that remain relevant today and in the near future.
El desafío iliberal a la independencia judicial: la contribución de los tribunales internacionalesThe illiberal challenge to judicial independence: the contribution of international tribunals
Authors: Martinico Giuseppe , Mier Galera David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores how international courts can contribute, albeit in a limited way, to defending the independence of national judges against the onslaught of illiberal governments. Structurally, we will first provide a characterisation of the illiberal phenomenon in order to map the literature. We will show how international and supranational courts have developed a standard for preserving the independence of domestic judges, and the limits to the application of this standard. In the final part of the article, we will develop some critical considerations based on the results of our analysis.