bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Energy‐Density Foldable Battery Enabled by Zigzag‐Like Design
Authors: Liao Xiangbiao , Shi Changmin , Wang Tianyang , Qie Boyu , Chen Youlong , Yang Pengfei , Cheng Qian , Zhai Haowei , Chen Meijie , Wang Xue , Chen Xi , Yang Yuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFlexible batteries, seamlessly compatible with flexible and wearable electronics, attract a great deal of research attention. Current designs of flexible batteries struggle to meet one of the most extreme yet common deformation scenarios in practice, folding, while retaining high energy density. Inspired by origami folding, a novel strategy to fabricate zigzag‐like lithium ion batteries with superior foldability is proposed. The battery structure could approach zero‐gap between two adjacent energy storage segments, achieving an energy density that is 96.4% of that in a conventional stacking cell. A foldable battery thus fabricated demonstrates an energy density of 275 Wh L−1 and is resilient to fatigue over 45 000 dynamic cycles with a folding angle of 130°, while retaining stable electrochemical performance. Additionally, the power stability and resilience to nail shorting of the foldable battery are also examined.
Frogspawn‐Coral‐Like Hollow Sodium Sulfide Nanostructured Cathode for High‐Rate Performance Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Chuanlong , Wang Huan , Hu Xiaofei , Matios Edward , Luo Jianmin , Zhang Yiwen , Lu Xuan , Li Weiyang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRoom‐temperature (RT) sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are attractive cost‐effective platforms as the next‐generation energy storage systems by using all earth‐abundant resources as electrode materials. However, the slow kinetics of Na–S chemistry makes it hard to achieve high‐rate performance. Herein, a facile and scalable approach has been developed to synthesize hollow sodium sulfide (Na2S) nanospheres embedded in a highly hierarchical and spongy conductive carbon matrix, forming an intriguing architecture similar to the morphology of frogspawn coral, which has shown great potential as a cathode for high‐rate performance RT Na–S batteries. The shortened Na‐ion diffusion pathway benefits from the hollow structures together with the fast electron transfer from the carbon matrix contributes to high electrochemical reactivity, leading to superior electrochemical performance at various current rates. At high current densities of 1.4 and 2.1 A g−1, high initial discharge capacities of 980 and 790 mAh g−1sulfur can be achieved, respectively, with reversible capacities stabilized at 600 and 400 mAh g−1sulfur after 100 cycles. As a proof of concept, a Na‐metal‐free Na–S battery is demonstrated by pairing the hollow Na2S cathode with tin‐based anode. This work provides guidance on rational materials design towards the success of RT high‐rate Na–S batteries.
Experimental and density functional theory insights into the effect of withdrawing ligands on the fluorescence yield of Ru(II)‐based complexes
Authors: Ali Basant A. , Sharmoukh Walid , Elnagar Mohamed M. , Hassan Zeinab M. , Allam Nageh K. 
Published: December 2018

The quality of emission spectra of metal complexes gives good insights into their performance in many optoelectronic applications. Herein, the effect of the number and position of various ligand structures on the emission spectra of Ru bipyridine complexes was studied. Specifically, the use of a different number of withdrawing groups (COOH) was investigated in detail. The complexes were first investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT calculations and then confirmed experimentally. The bandgap energy, reactivity, emission spectra and Stokes shift were found to depend on the number and position of the withdrawing groups attached to the Ru(bpy)22+ complexes. Upon increasing the number of withdrawing groups, the electrons were found to be withdrawn from the carbon orbitals and resonated to reach the metal, and accumulated around it, thus enhancing the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer mechanism instead of the ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer mechanism. The complexes with more withdrawing groups showed spectra with more intense emission peaks with shorter lifetime, indicating the enhancement in the photoactivity of the complexes. Ligands with ring nitrogens with two COOH groups showed the greatest effect on the enhancement of the emission spectra with a lifetime of 0.5359 ns. The resulting collective emission spectra covered a wide wavelength range, making the investigated complexes a good choice for many optoelectronic applications.
Decoration of Dibenzofuran Using Cyanocarbazole via 6‐Position as a Molecular Design Approach for High‐Triplet‐Energy Bipolar Host Materials
Authors: Konidena Rajendra Kumar , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, two new dibenzofuran derivatives featuring one or two cyanocarbazole units, 6‐(dibenzo[b,d]furan‐4‐yl)‐9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazole‐3‐carbonitrile (mBFCzCN) and 6,6′‐(dibenzo[b,d]furan‐4,6‐diyl)bis(9‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazole‐3‐carbonitrile) (dBFCzCN), were developed as host materials for phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). A new molecular design connecting the cyanocarbazole to the dibenzofuran using the cyanocarbazole 6‐position instead of its 9‐position was created, and the effects of number of cyanocarbazole units in the dibenzofuran building block on the photophysical and electroluminescence properties were investigated in detail. The mBFCzCN compound revealed high triplet energy (2.78 eV) than that of dBFCzCN (2.68 eV) and good bipolar charge transporting properties. The potential of these materials as hosts for blue and green PhOLEDs was investigated using bis(4,6‐(difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N,C2′)picolinate iridium(III) (FIrpic) and tris(2‐phenylpyridinato)iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)3) dopants, respectively. The results indicated that the mBFCzCN with one cyanocarbazole unit showed better device performance than the dBFCzCN with two cyanocarbazole units in the blue and green devices. High external quantum efficiencies of 19.0 and 21.2 % were demonstrated in the blue and green PhOLEDs with the mBFCzCN host due to its high triplet energy and good bipolar charge transporting characteristics.
Transcranial Doppler to detect right‐to‐left shunt in cryptogenic acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Palazzo Paola , Ingrand Pierre , Agius Pierre , Belhadj Chaidi Rafik , Neau Jean‐Philippe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to confirm the sensitivity and specificity of contrast transcranial Doppler (cTCD) in the detection of right‐to‐left shunt (RLS) compared to the current reference standard (i.e., transesophageal echocardiography—TEE) in patients aged <55 years with a cryptogenic acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or high‐risk (ABCD2 score ≥4) transient ischemic attack (TIA), and to calculate the real life delay in detecting RLS by cTCD versus TEE in a tertiary care academic stroke center.MethodsConsecutive 16‐ to 54‐year‐old patients with AIS or high‐risk TIA underwent complete diagnostic workup which included, in case of undetermined etiology, cTCD and TEE. Sensitivity and specificity of cTCD, RLS characteristics, and median delay between the two tests were calculated.ResultsOf the 98 included patients, 52 (53%) had a cryptogenic cerebrovascular ischemic event, which displayed a 56% prevalence of RLS related to a patent foramen ovale (PFO) mainly with a high‐grade shunt. When comparing TCD with “bubble test” to TEE, sensitivity and specificity were both 100%. Median delays from symptom onset to examination were 2 (min–max 1–10) and 21 (min–max 1–60) days, respectively, for cTCD and TEE. No adverse event occurred during or after cTDC examination.ConclusionsTranscranial Doppler with “bubble test” appears as the best screening test for the detection of RLS in young and middle‐aged adults with cryptogenic acute cerebral ischemic events to select patients potentially suitable for closure procedure after TEE confirmation.
Delta radiomic features improve prediction for lung cancer incidence: A nested case–control analysis of the National Lung Screening Trial
Authors: Cherezov Dmitry , Hawkins Samuel H. , Goldgof Dmitry B. , Hall Lawrence O. , Liu Ying , Li Qian , Balagurunathan Yoganand , Gillies Robert J. , Schabath Matthew B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines for lung cancer screening increased a positive scan threshold to a 6 mm longest diameter. We extracted radiomic features from baseline and follow‐up screens and performed size‐specific analyses to predict lung cancer incidence using three nodule size classes (<6 mm [small], 6‐16 mm [intermediate], and ≥16 mm [large]).MethodsWe extracted 219 features from baseline (T0) nodules and 219 delta features which are the change from T0 to first follow‐up (T1). Nodules were identified for 160 incidence cases diagnosed with lung cancer at T1 or second follow‐up screen (T2) and for 307 nodule‐positive controls that had three consecutive positive screens not diagnosed as lung cancer. The cases and controls were split into training and test cohorts; classifier models were used to identify the most predictive features.ResultsThe final models revealed modest improvements for baseline and delta features when compared to only baseline features. The AUROCs for small‐ and intermediate‐sized nodules were 0.83 (95% CI 0.76‐0.90) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.71‐0.81) for baseline‐only radiomic features, respectively, and 0.84 (95% CI 0.77‐0.90) and 0.84 (95% CI 0.80‐0.88) for baseline and delta features, respectively. When intermediate and large nodules were combined, the AUROC for baseline‐only features was 0.80 (95% CI 0.76‐0.84) compared with 0.86 (95% CI 0.83‐0.89) for baseline and delta features.ConclusionsWe found modest improvements in predicting lung cancer incidence by combining baseline and delta radiomics. Radiomics could be used to improve current size‐based screening guidelines.
An exploratory study of clients’ experiences and preferences for counselling room space and design
Authors: Sanders Rachael , Lehmann Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundElements of the built environment can impact on an occupant's frame of mind, their interaction with other occupants and their physiological state. It is anticipated that counselling spaces will have some influence on clients’ thoughts, feelings and behaviours and potentially affect the therapeutic process.AimTo examine clients’ experiences and perspectives of counselling room design, with the aim of identifying what they considered to be an “ideal” counselling room.MethodA descriptive qualitative design was employed to examine 15 clients’ perspectives of counselling spaces. Semi‐structured interviews and a previously unused method of model design, in which participants created and recreated models of counselling rooms, were used to encourage participants to express their views of these spaces.FindingsThematic analysis revealed an interaction between physical–spatial features and clients’ thoughts and feelings. The driving force behind clients’ design preferences was the desire for a sense of physical and emotional comfort, which was achieved by creating a welcoming, relaxed and homely environment that promoted a sense of safety and security. Moreover, an association between clients’ opinions of the counsellor and the space in which they were counselled was revealed.ImplicationsThe design and layout of counselling rooms affect clients, particularly women who are feeling vulnerable. While we cannot create a space that fulfils every client's needs, we believe that clients should be included in the decision‐making process to promote their sense of safety and comfort because this impacts on the therapeutic practice.
Chemical speciation and mapping of the Si in Si doped LFP ingot with synchrotron radiation technique
Authors: Norouzi Banis Mohammad , Wang Zhiqiang , Rousselot Steeve , Liu Yulong , Hu Yongfeng , Talebi‐Esfandarani Majid , Bibienne Thomas , Gauthier Michel , Li Ruying , Liang Guoxian , Dollé Mickaël , Sauriol Pierre , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Sun Xueliang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDevelopment of LiFePO4 cathode material with high cycle life through Si doping (substituting Si at P sites of LiFePO4) has shown that small changes to the structure of LiFePO4 can significantly affect the performance of Li ion batteries. However, determining the nature of elemental doping and their effects on the electronic and atomic structure of LiFePO4 remains challenging. Here we present x‐ray absorption spectroscopy and x‐ray fluorescence mapping as ideal characterization methods for understanding the effect of Si doped LiFePO4 prepared using a melt‐synthesis process. x‐ray absorption spectra of silicon doped LiFePO4 indicate subtle changes in the local structure surrounding the dopants compared to SiO2 and amorphous glass phases formed as impurities in Si containing undoped samples. The study of Fe and P K‐edges x‐ray absorption spectra illustrates the effect of Si in the LiFePO4 structure in doped and impurity containing samples. Utilizing x‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in conjunction with x‐ray fluorescence mapping, has enabled a better overview of the non‐uniform nature of prepared ingot samples. These results highlight the power of x‐ray absorption spectroscopy as a tool for better understanding the structure of modified LiFePO4 and subsequently designing materials for Li ion batteries.
Engineering Bacterial Shape Using Soft Matter Microchambers
Authors: Renner Lars David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article describes the design and fabrication of microchambers that are used for the study of bacterial cells. The design allows for the confinement and precise manipulation of bacterial cell shape. The application of fluorescent dyes and fluorescent proteins enables the precise analysis of the localization of biomolecules within confined bacterial cell. This article also outlines three methods to engineer cell shape from a filamentous cell type and from spheroplasts without a cell wall using soft lithography–based technologies. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Best Practices for Preparing a Single Cell Suspension from Solid Tissues for Flow Cytometry
Authors: Reichard Andrew , Asosingh Kewal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPreparing a single cell suspension is a critical step in any solid tissue flow cytometry experiment. Tissue dissection, enzymatic digestion, and mechanical dissociation are three significant steps leading to the degradation of the extracellular matrix and the isolation of single cells, allowing the generation of high‐quality flow cytometry data. Cells and the extracellular matrix contain various proteins and other structures which must be considered when designing a tissue digestion protocol to preserve the viability of cells and the presence of relevant antigens while digesting matrix components and cleaving cell–cell junctions. Evaluation of the single cell suspension is essential before proceeding with the labeling of the cells as high viability and absence of cell debris and aggregates are critical for flow cytometry. The information presented should be used as a general guide of steps to consider when preparing a single cell suspension from solid tissues for flow cytometry experiments. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Identity‐based proxy signature over NTRU lattice
Authors: Wu Faguo , Yao Wang , Zhang Xiao , Wang Wenhua , Zheng Zhiming 
Published: December 2018

SummaryProxy signature scheme is an important cryptographic primitive, for an entity can delegate his signing right to another entity. Although identity‐based proxy signature schemes based on conventional number‐theoretic problems have been proposed for a long time, the researchers have paid less attention to lattice‐based proxy signature schemes that can resist quantum attack. In this paper, we first propose an identity‐based proxy signature scheme over Number Theory Research Unit (NTRU)‐lattice. We proved that the proposed paradigm is secure under the hardness of the γ‐shortest vector problem on the NTRU lattice in random oracle model; furthermore, the comparison with some existing schemes shows our scheme is more efficient in terms of proxy signature secret key size, proxy signature size, and computation complexity. As the elemental problem of the proposed scheme is difficult even for quantum computation model, our scheme can work well in quantum age.
Predator size‐structure and species identity determine cascading effects in a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Griffin John N. , Silliman Brian R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCascading consequences of predator extinctions are well documented, but impacts of perturbations to predator size‐structure and how these vary across species remain unclear. Body size is hypothesized to be a key trait governing individual predators' impact on ecosystems. Therefore, shifts in predator size‐structure should trigger ecosystem ramifications which are consistent across functionally similar species. Using a US salt marsh as a model system, we tested this hypothesis by manipulating size class (small, medium, and large) and size diversity (combination of all three size classes) within two closely related and functionally similar predatory crab species over 4 months. Across treatments, predators suppressed densities of a dominant grazer and an ecosystem engineer, enhanced plant biomass, and altered sediment properties (redox potential and saturation). Over the metabolically equivalent experimental predator treatments, small size class predators had stronger average impacts on response variables, and size class interacted with predator species identity to drive engineer suppression. Within both predator species, size diversity increased cannibalism and slightly weakened the average impact. These results show that predator impacts in a salt marsh ecosystem are determined by both size class and size diversity; they also highlight that size class can have species‐dependent and response‐dependent effects, underlining the challenge of generalizing trait effects.
Programmable Automated System for Songbird Ecobehavioral Research (PASSER): Using flexible computer‐integrated feeders to conduct high resolution studies of environment–behavior dynamics in songbirds
Authors: Philson Conner , Ray Andrew , Foltz Sarah , Davis Jason 
Published: December 2018

AbstractField studies seeking to identify interactions between the environment and behaviors of wild songbirds are often restricted by time, labor, and accessibility of the site; hampering the collection of long‐term, high‐resolution data. Here, we describe the development, utilization, and initial results of a long‐term field study of wild songbird feeding patterns using data collected through an inexpensive microcomputer‐controlled automated feeder. Our studies indicate the “smart feeder” is capable of reliable and accurate data collection on feeding and behavioral metrics over long durations with relation to a wide range of environmental conditions. This enables detailed analysis of songbird's environment–behavior interactions. Our results have identified trends in environment–behavior interactions, microhabitat variations, species‐specific feeding profiles, and differences in the frequency and involvement of displacement events. Computerized feeders enabled us to address environment–behavior interactions, resulting in more detailed data than traditional observational methods. This reinforces conclusions from previous work regarding the potential for automated data collection to be adapted for a wide variety of research studies across the field of ethology.
Effect of supplementing chromium histidinate and picolinate complexes along with biotin on insulin sensitivity and related metabolic indices in rats fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Orhan Cemal , Kucuk Osman , Tuzcu Mehmet , Sahin Nurhan , Komorowski James R. , Sahin Kazim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractScopeTo investigate the effects of chromium histidinate (CrHis) and chromium picolinate (CrPic) complex along with biotin to a high‐fat diet (HFD) fed to rats on the insulin sensitivity and the anti‐obesity properties.MethodsForty‐two Sprague–Dawley male rats were divided into six groups. The rats were fed either (a): a standard diet (Control) or (b): a HFD or (c): a HFD with biotin (HFD+B) or (d): a combination of HFD and biotin along with CrPic (HFD + B + CrPic) or (e): a combination of HFD and biotin along with CrHis (HFD + B + CrHis) or (f): a combination of HFD and biotin along with CrHis and CrPic (HFD + B + CrHis + CrPic).ResultsAdding biotin with chromium to HFD improved the glucose, insulin, HOMA‐IR, leptin, lipid profile, with HFD+B+CrHis treatment being the most effective (p = 0.0001). Serum, liver, and brain tissue Cr concentrations increased upon Cr supplementations (p = 0.0001). Supplementing CrHis along with biotin to a HFD (HFD + B + CrHis) provided the greatest levels of GLUT‐1, GLUT‐3, PPAR‐γ, and IRS‐1, but the lowest level of NF‐κB in the brain and liver tissues.ConclusionBiotin supplementation with chromium complexes, CrHis in particular, to a HFD pose to be a potential therapeutic feature for the treatment of insulin resistance.
Prognostic significance of pretreatment 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography evaluation using metabolic tumor volume of the primary tumor and lymph nodes in advanced hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Okazaki Eiichiro , Kawabe Joji , Oishi Masahiro , Hosono Masako , Higashiyama Shigeaki , Teranishi Yuichi , Shiomi Susumu , Iguchi Hiroyoshi , Miki Yukio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the usefulness of pretreatment positron emission tomography (PET) using metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of the primary tumor and lymph nodes in advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.MethodsFrom June 2007 to December 2015, consecutive patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent PET and were treated with definitive radiation therapy were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsA total of 61 patients were eligible for this study. On multivariate analysis, MTV of the primary tumor (MTV‐T) was significantly related to the local control rate and overall survival (OS) (P = .036 and .012, respectively). In patients with lower MTV‐T, MTV of metastatic lymph nodes (MTV‐N) was significantly related to disease‐specific survival and OS (P = .012 and .017, respectively).ConclusionMTV‐T is a significant predictor in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer, and MTV‐N is also significant in patients with lower MTV‐T.
Elective neck dissection in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to the parotid gland: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rotman Anthony , Kerr Stephen J , Giddings Charles E B 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCurrent management of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) to the parotid is surgical excision and postoperative radiotherapy. In the node‐negative neck, there is debate about the role of elective neck dissection (END), irradiation or observation. This systematic review assesses the prevalence of occult cervical disease and the evidence for END. A literature search was performed using Medline and Embase. All papers describing management of the neck in metastatic CSCC to the parotid were assessed for inclusion. Eighty‐nine papers were identified and 17 met inclusion criteria. A total of 874 ENDs were performed in 874 patients with metastatic CSCC to the parotid with no clinically evident cervical disease. The overall prevalence of occult disease in a random effects model was 22.5% (95% confidence intervals 18.9‐26.0). The prevalence of occult cervical disease in metastatic CSCC to the parotid is high. END is recommended in this patient group.