bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Salt Marsh Invertebrates Following Habitat Restoration: Implications for Marsh Restoration in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Baumann Matthew S. , Fricano Gail F. , Fedeli Katie , Schlemme Claire E. , Christman Mary C. , Carle Melissa Vernon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecovery following salt marsh restoration in the northern Gulf of Mexico is investigated using meta-analysis for two salt marsh indicator invertebrates, the periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) and amphipod crustaceans (Amphipoda). These invertebrates serve key marsh ecosystem functions including facilitating nutrient cycling and serving as prey for larger ecologically and economically important species. Recovery of periwinkles in restored marshes compared to reference sites is quantified by progression in population density and, because the species is long-lived (~ 10 years), in terms of biomass added per unit area each year following restoration. Amphipods are shorter-lived with high annual turnover; thus, recovery through time is estimated by the density of individuals rather than by biomass. The results of the analyses indicate progressive periwinkle recovery to equivalence with reference systems by year 4 in terms of density and year 6 with respect to annual biomass addition, while amphipod densities do not fully recover in the first 20 years following restoration. Although periwinkle recovery in terms of annual biomass addition reaches equivalence by year 6, the development of an age class structure characteristic of reference marshes would likely take longer because of the relatively long lifespan for this species. In addition to providing insight into the benefits of salt marsh restoration in the northern Gulf of Mexico, the approach described can be applied more generally to restoration scaling in a natural resource damage assessment context.
Editorial, Applied Practices: Perspectives From the Field Section Within the Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools
Authors: Colmar Susan 
Published: October 2018

I am pleased to introduce two practitioner papers for this issue of the Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools.
1.School camp refusal and reluctance: The role of the school psychologist. Mary Woods and John Burns.2.Understanding trauma in the refugee context. Kimberley De Deckker.
The development of the tidal basins in the Dutch Wadden Sea until 2100: the impact of accelerated sea-level rise and subsidence on their sediment budget – a synthesis
Authors: van der Spek Ad J.F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractClimate change is very likely to cause a global acceleration in sea-level rise (SLR). The projected acceleration of SLR will also affect the Wadden Sea. In addition to an accelerated SLR, gas and salt extraction will cause subsidence that adds to an increase in water depth in the tidal basins. This will have consequences for the sediment budget of the Wadden Sea and especially for the intertidal flats that have a high ecological value. This synthesis presents projections of the future state of the Dutch Wadden Sea for the years 2030, 2050 and 2100.The projected changes in mean sea level by 2100 for Den Helder and Delfzijl are above the global mean projections, mainly due to the above-average ocean dynamics and glacio-isostatic adjustment contributions in the regional projections. The projected rise in mean sea level for 2100 with relation to 2018 in these locations is 0.41m, 0.52m and 0.76m for, respectively, the RCP2.6, RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios.When we combine the presented SLR scenarios with the subsidence estimates and compare these rates to the critical rates for ‘drowning’ of intertidal flats that were calculated for the individual tidal basins, we can determine the moment that the maximum imported sediment volume can no longer compensate the increase in accommodation space in a basin and the intertidal flats will start to diminish in surface area and/or height. In the RCP2.6 scenario, the projected rates of relative SLR will be below the critical rate for drowning of the inlet systems in the Dutch Wadden Sea. For the RCP4.5 scenario, the critical SLR rate will be exceeded for Vlie Inlet in 2030, and for the RCP8.5 scenario the critical SLR rate will be exceeded for Vlie Inlet in 2030, Texel Inlet in 2050 and Ameland Inlet in 2100. For the other basins the critical rate will not be exceeded until 2100 or later.The way the intertidal flats in a basin will react to ‘drowning’ is not clear beforehand. It is highly possible that erosion of flats in one place will produce the sediment to maintain flats in other places. Tidal flats close to the sediment-delivering tidal inlet are not likely to disappear, because there the balance between supply and erosion is not likely to change.
Machine learning multivariate pattern analysis predicts classification of posttraumatic stress disorder and its dissociative subtype: a multimodal neuroimaging approach
Authors: Nicholson Andrew A. , Densmore Maria , McKinnon Margaret C. , Neufeld Richard W.J. , Frewen Paul A. , Théberge Jean , Jetly Rakesh , Richardson J. Donald , Lanius Ruth A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe field of psychiatry would benefit significantly from developing objective biomarkers that could facilitate the early identification of heterogeneous subtypes of illness. Critically, although machine learning pattern recognition methods have been applied recently to predict many psychiatric disorders, these techniques have not been utilized to predict subtypes of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including the dissociative subtype of PTSD (PTSD + DS).MethodsUsing Multiclass Gaussian Process Classification within PRoNTo, we examined the classification accuracy of: (i) the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (mALFF; reflecting spontaneous neural activity during rest); and (ii) seed-based amygdala complex functional connectivity within 181 participants [PTSD (n = 81); PTSD + DS (n = 49); and age-matched healthy trauma-unexposed controls (n = 51)]. We also computed mass-univariate analyses in order to observe regional group differences [false-discovery-rate (FDR)-cluster corrected p < 0.05, k = 20].ResultsWe found that extracted features could predict accurately the classification of PTSD, PTSD + DS, and healthy controls, using both resting-state mALFF (91.63% balanced accuracy, p < 0.001) and amygdala complex connectivity maps (85.00% balanced accuracy, p < 0.001). These results were replicated using independent machine learning algorithms/cross-validation procedures. Moreover, areas weighted as being most important for group classification also displayed significant group differences at the univariate level. Here, whereas the PTSD + DS group displayed increased activation within emotion regulation regions, the PTSD group showed increased activation within the amygdala, globus pallidus, and motor/somatosensory regions.ConclusionThe current study has significant implications for advancing machine learning applications within the field of psychiatry, as well as for developing objective biomarkers indicative of diagnostic heterogeneity.
The fierceness of fronted /s/: Linguistic rhematization through visual transformation
Authors: Calder Jeremy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article explores the roles that language and the body play in the iconization of cross-modal personae (see Agha 2003, 2004). Focusing on a community of radical drag queens in San Francisco, I analyze the interplay of visual presentation and acoustic dimensions of /s/ in the construction of the fierce queen persona, which embodies an extreme, larger-than-life, and anti-normative type of femininity. Taking data from transformations—conversations during which queens visually transform from male-presenting into their feminine drag personae—I explore the effect of fluid visual presentation on linguistic production, and argue that changes in both the linguistic and visual streams increasingly invoke qualia (see Gal 2013; Harkness 2015) projecting ‘harshness’ and ‘sharpness’ in the construction of fierce femininity. I argue that personae like the fierce queen become iconized through rhematization (see Gal 2013), a process in which qualic congruences are construed and constructed across multiple semiotic modalities. (Iconization, rhematization, qualia, sociophonetics, gender, personae, drag queens)*
Sequences, modular forms and cellular integrals
Authors: McCARTHY DERMOT , OSBURN ROBERT , STRAUB ARMIN 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is well-known that the Apéry sequences which arise in the irrationality proofs for ζ(2) and ζ(3) satisfy many intriguing arithmetic properties and are related to the pth Fourier coefficients of modular forms. In this paper, we prove that the connection to modular forms persists for sequences associated to Brown's cellular integrals and state a general conjecture concerning supercongruences.
Management of Optic Chiasmatic/ Hypothalamic Astrocytomas in Children
Authors: Steinbok Paul , Hentschel Stephen , Almqvist Per , Cochrane D. Douglas , Poskitt Kenneth 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:Objective:The management of optic chiasmatic gliomas is controversial, partly related to failure to separate out those tumors involving the optic chiasm only (chiasmatic tumors) from those also involving the hypothalamus (chiasmatic/hypothalamic tumors). The purpose of this study was: (i) to analyze the outcomes of chiasmatic and chiasmatic/hypothalamic tumors separately; and (ii) to determine the appropriateness of recommending radical surgical resection for the chiasmatic/hypothalamic tumors.Methods:A retrospective chart review of all newly diagnosed tumors involving the optic chiasm from 1982-1996 at British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital was performed.Results:There were 32 patients less than 16 years of age, 14 with chiasmatic and 18 with chiasmatic/hypothalamic astrocytomas, with an average duration of follow-up of 5.8 years and 6.3 years, respectively. Ten of the patients with chiasmatic tumors and none with chiasmatic/hypothalamic tumors had neurofibromatosis I. Thirteen of the 14 chiasmatic tumors were managed with observation only, and none had progression requiring active intervention. For the chiasmatic/hypothalamic tumors, eight patients had subtotal resections (>95% resection), six had partial resections (50-95%), three had limited resections (<50%), and one had no surgery. There were fewer complications associated with the limited resections, especially with respect to hypothalamic dysfunction. There was no correlation between the extent of resection (subtotal, partial, or limited) and the time to tumor progression (average 18 months).Conclusions:In conclusion, chiasmatic and chiasmatic/hypothalamic tumors are different entities, which should be separated out for the purposes of any study. For the chiasmatic/hypothalamic tumors, there was more morbidity and no prolongation of time to progression when radical resections were compared to more limited resections. Therefore, if surgery is performed, it may be appropriate to do a surgical procedure that strives only to provide a tissue diagnosis and to decompress the optic apparatus and/or ventricular system.
Food insufficiency is associated with depression among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting
Authors: Goldman-Hasbun Julia , Nosova Ekaterina , DeBeck Kora , Dahlby Lucia , Kerr Thomas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveFood insufficiency, defined by the experience of hunger, is known to be prevalent and a source of health-related harm among-street involved youth, but little is known about its relationship with depression in this population. Therefore, we sought to assess the association between food insufficiency and symptoms of depression among a cohort of street-involved youth.DesignMultivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between food insufficiency, defined as being hungry but not having enough money to buy food, and depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale.SettingData from April 2006 to November 2013 were derived from the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS), a prospective cohort of street-involved youth who use illicit drugs in Vancouver, Canada.SubjectsThere were 1066 street-involved youth enrolled in the study, including 340 (31·9 %) females.ResultsOf 1066 youth enrolled in the study, 724 (67·9 %) reported some food insufficiency and 565 (53·0 %) met criteria for depression. Compared with youth who did not report food insufficiency, those who reported often experiencing food insufficiency had a higher likelihood of reporting depression (adjusted OR=2·52; 95 % CI 1·74, 3·67), as did those who reported sometimes experiencing food insufficiency (adjusted OR=1·99; 95 % CI 1·47, 2·70).ConclusionsFood insufficiency was prevalent and associated in a dose-dependent trend with symptoms of depression among street-involved youth in our setting. Findings highlight the need to address the nutritional and mental health needs of youth and identify pathways by which food insufficiency may contribute to depression among vulnerable populations.
Strategies to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and increase water access and intake among young children: perspectives from expert stakeholders
Authors: Vercammen Kelsey A , Frelier Johannah M , Lowery Caitlin M , Moran Alyssa J , Bleich Sara N 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo summarize stakeholder recommendations and ratings of strategies to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and increase water access and intake among young children (0–5 years).DesignTwo online surveys: survey 1 asked respondents to recommend novel and innovative strategies to promote healthy beverage behaviour; survey 2 asked respondents to rank each of these strategies on five domains (overall importance, feasibility, effectiveness, reach, health equity). Open-ended questions were coded and analysed for thematic content.SettingUsing a snowball sampling approach, respondents were invited to complete the survey through an email invitation or an anonymous listserv link. Of the individuals who received a private email invitation, 24 % completed survey 1 and 29 % completed survey 2.SubjectsSurvey 1 (n 276) and survey 2 (n 182) included expert stakeholders who work on issues related to SSB and water consumption.ResultsSix overarching strategies emerged to change beverage consumption behaviours (survey 1): education; campaigns and contests; marketing and advertising; price changes; physical access; and improving the capacity of settings to promote healthy beverages. Labelling and sugar reduction (e.g. reformulation) were recommended as strategies to reduce SSB consumption, while water testing and remediation emerged as a strategy to promote water intake. Stakeholders most frequently recommended (survey 1) and provided higher ratings (survey 2) to strategies that used policy, systems and/or environmental changes.ConclusionsThe present study is the first to assess stakeholder opinions on strategies to promote healthy beverage consumption. This knowledge is key for understanding where stakeholders believe resources can be best utilized.
Caenorhabditis elegans sperm carry a histone-based epigenetic memory of both spermatogenesis and oogenesis
Authors: Tabuchi Tomoko M. , Rechtsteiner Andreas , Jeffers Tess E. , Egelhofer Thea A. , Murphy Coleen T. , Strome Susan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPaternal contributions to epigenetic inheritance are not well understood. Paternal contributions via marked nucleosomes are particularly understudied, in part because sperm in some organisms replace the majority of nucleosome packaging with protamine packaging. Here we report that in Caenorhabditis elegans sperm, the genome is packaged in nucleosomes and carries a histone-based epigenetic memory of genes expressed during spermatogenesis, which unexpectedly include genes well known for their expression during oogenesis. In sperm, genes with spermatogenesis-restricted expression are uniquely marked with both active and repressive marks, which may reflect a sperm-specific chromatin signature. We further demonstrate that epigenetic information provided by sperm is important and in fact sufficient to guide proper germ cell development in offspring. This study establishes one mode of paternal epigenetic inheritance and offers a potential mechanism for how the life experiences of fathers may impact the development and health of their descendants.
Integrated extracellular microRNA profiling for ovarian cancer screening
Authors: Yokoi Akira , Matsuzaki Juntaro , Yamamoto Yusuke , Yoneoka Yutaka , Takahashi Kenta , Shimizu Hanako , Uehara Takashi , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Ikeda Shun-ichi , Sonoda Takumi , Kawauchi Junpei , Takizawa Satoko , Aoki Yoshiaki , Niida Shumpei , Sakamoto Hiromi , Kato Ken , Kato Tomoyasu , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA major obstacle to improving prognoses in ovarian cancer is the lack of effective screening methods for early detection. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as promising biomarkers that could lead to clinical applications. Here, to develop an optimal detection method, we use microarrays to obtain comprehensive miRNA profiles from 4046 serum samples, including 428 patients with ovarian tumors. A diagnostic model based on expression levels of ten miRNAs is constructed in the discovery set. Validation in an independent cohort reveals that the model is very accurate (sensitivity, 0.99; specificity, 1.00), and the diagnostic accuracy is maintained even in early-stage ovarian cancers. Furthermore, we construct two additional models, each using 9–10 serum miRNAs, aimed at discriminating ovarian cancers from the other types of solid tumors or benign ovarian tumors. Our findings provide robust evidence that the serum miRNA profile represents a promising diagnostic biomarker for ovarian cancer.
Fundamental limits and non-reciprocal approaches in non-Hermitian quantum sensing
Authors: Lau Hoi-Kwan , Clerk Aashish A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnconventional properties of non-Hermitian systems, such as the existence of exceptional points, have recently been suggested as a resource for sensing. The impact of noise and utility in quantum regimes however remains unclear. In this work, we analyze the parametric-sensing properties of linear coupled-mode systems that are described by effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. Our analysis fully accounts for noise effects in both classical and quantum regimes, and also fully treats a realistic and optimal measurement protocol based on coherent driving and homodyne detection. Focusing on two-mode devices, we derive fundamental bounds on the signal power and signal-to-noise ratio for any such sensor. We use these to demonstrate that enhanced signal power requires gain, but not necessarily any proximity to an exceptional point. Further, when noise is included, we show that nonreciprocity is a powerful resource for sensing: it allows one to exceed the fundamental bounds constraining any conventional, reciprocal sensor.
A hardware Markov chain algorithm realized in a single device for machine learning
Authors: Tian He , Wang Xue-Feng , Mohammad Mohammad Ali , Gou Guang-Yang , Wu Fan , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere is a growing need for developing machine learning applications. However, implementation of the machine learning algorithm consumes a huge number of transistors or memory devices on-chip. Developing a machine learning capability in a single device has so far remained elusive. Here, we build a Markov chain algorithm in a single device based on the native oxide of two dimensional multilayer tin selenide. After probing the electrical transport in vertical tin oxide/tin selenide/tin oxide heterostructures, two sudden current jumps are observed during the set and reset processes. Furthermore, five filament states are observed. After classifying five filament states into three states of the Markov chain, the probabilities between each states show convergence values after multiple testing cycles. Based on this device, we demo a fixed-probability random number generator within 5% error rate. This work sheds light on a single device as one hardware core with Markov chain algorithm.
Recruitment of the mitotic exit network to yeast centrosomes couples septin displacement to actomyosin constriction
Authors: Tamborrini Davide , Juanes Maria Angeles , Ibanes Sandy , Rancati Giulia , Piatti Simonetta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn many eukaryotic organisms cytokinesis is driven by a contractile actomyosin ring (CAR) that guides membrane invagination. What triggers CAR constriction at a precise time of the cell cycle is a fundamental question. In budding yeast CAR is assembled via a septin scaffold at the division site. A Hippo-like kinase cascade, the Mitotic Exit Network (MEN), promotes mitotic exit and cytokinesis, but whether and how these two processes are independently controlled by MEN is poorly understood. Here we show that a critical function of MEN is to promote displacement of the septin ring from the division site, which in turn is essential for CAR constriction. This is independent of MEN control over mitotic exit and involves recruitment of MEN components to the spindle pole body (SPB). Ubiquitination of the SPB scaffold Nud1 inhibits MEN signaling at the end of mitosis and prevents septin ring splitting, thus silencing the cytokinetic machinery.
Photo-induced semimetallic states realised in electron–hole coupled insulators
Authors: Okazaki Kozo , Ogawa Yu , Suzuki Takeshi , Yamamoto Takashi , Someya Takashi , Michimae Shoya , Watanabe Mari , Lu Yangfan , Nohara Minoru , Takagi Hidenori , Katayama Naoyuki , Sawa Hiroshi , Fujisawa Masami , Kanai Teruto , Ishii Nobuhisa , Itatani Jiro , Mizokawa Takashi , Shin Shik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing light to manipulate materials into desired states is one of the goals in condensed matter physics, since light control can provide ultrafast and environmentally friendly photonics devices. However, it is generally difficult to realise a photo-induced phase which is not merely a higher entropy phase corresponding to a high-temperature phase at equilibrium. Here, we report realisation of photo-induced insulator-to-metal transitions in Ta2Ni(Se1−xSx)5 including the excitonic insulator phase using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. From the dynamic properties of the system, we determine that screening of excitonic correlations plays a key role in the timescale of the transition to the metallic phase, which supports the existence of an excitonic insulator phase at equilibrium. The non-equilibrium metallic state observed unexpectedly in the direct-gap excitonic insulator opens up a new avenue to optical band engineering in electron–hole coupled systems.
Superresolution mapping of energy landscape for single charge carriers in plastic semiconductors
Authors: Jiang Yifei , McNeill Jason 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe performance of conjugated polymer devices is largely dictated by charge transport processes. However, it is difficult to obtain a clear relationship between conjugated polymer structures and charge transport properties, due to the complexity of the structure and the dispersive nature of charge transport in conjugated polymers. Here, we develop a method to map the energy landscape for charge transport in conjugated polymers based on simultaneous, correlated charge carrier tracking and single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy. In nanoparticles of the conjugated polymer poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-1,4-benzo-{2,1′-3}-thiadiazole)], two dominant chain conformations were observed, a blue-emitting phase (λmax = 550 nm) and a red-emitting phase (λmax = 595 nm). Hole polarons were trapped within the red phase, only occasionally escaping into the blue phase. Polaron hopping between the red-emitting traps was observed, with transition time ranging from tens of milliseconds to several seconds. These results provide unprecedented nanoscale detail about charge transport at the single carrier level.