bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Youth Stream: evaluating the transition to a new model of care at a regional health service
Authors: Coleman Mathew , Ridley Kelly 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To determine what benefits and challenges are associated with a cost-neutral organisational change within a rural Community Mental Health Service from a Traditional Care model to a Youth Stream model. Method: Retrospective descriptive analysis of the last 18 months of the Traditional Care model and first 18 months of the Youth Stream model. Results: There was a 17% increase in the number of referrals once the service moved to a Youth Stream model. The increased referral numbers did not lead to a proportionate increase in the number of service contacts, but rather more single assessments were performed. The increased engagement was not reflected across all demographics, with vulnerable youth groups continuing to have below average engagement. Key aspects of data that would allow for further analysis by diagnosis and illness severity were missing from the dataset. Conclusions Cost-neutral changes to services can create change, if that change is based on need identified within the service. As much care needs to be taken with data entry and evaluation if the service is aiming to perform a retrospective analysis.
Intimate partner violence against HIV-positive Cameroonian women: Prevalence, associated factors and relationship with antiretroviral therapy discontinuity—results from the ANRS-12288 EVOLCam survey
Authors: Fiorentino Marion , Sagaon-Teyssier Luis , Ndiaye Khadim , Suzan-Monti Marie , Mengue Marie-Thérèse , Vidal Laurent , Kuaban Christopher , March Laura , Laurent Christian , Spire Bruno , Boyer Sylvie ,   for the EVOLCam Study Group
Published: June 2019

Background: Intimate partner violence in its various forms increases HIV exposure in female victims and potentially jeopardizes the HIV treatment cascade, for instance, by impeding engagement in and adherence to care. Elevated rates of HIV and intimate partner violence are reported in Central Africa. Evidence on the effect of intimate partner violence on antiviral therapy interruption is lacking in Cameroon, where only 330,000 women live with HIV and only 19% of HIV-positive people are virally suppressed. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors of intimate partner violence against HIV-positive women and its relationship with antiretroviral therapy interruption ⩾1 month. Methods: The EVOLCam cross-sectional survey was conducted in 19 hospitals in the Center and Littoral regions. The study sample comprised antiviral therapy–treated women declaring at least one sexual partner in the previous year. Scores of recent emotional, physical, extreme physical and sexual intimate partner violence were built using principal component analysis and categorized under no, occasional or frequent intimate partner violence. Multivariate logistic analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between intimate partner violence and recent antiretroviral therapy interruption ⩾1 month, and associated factors. Results: Among the 894 analyzed women, the prevalence of intimate partner violence was 29% (emotional), 22% (physical), 13% (extreme physical) and 18% (sexual). Frequent physical intimate partner violence was a significant risk factor of antiretroviral therapy interruption ⩾1 month (adjusted odds ratio = 2.42 (95% confidence interval = 1.00; 5.87)). It was also associated with HIV-related stigma (2.53 (1.58; 4.02)), living with a main partner (2.03 (1.20; 3.44) and non-defensive violence against this partner (5.75 (3.53; 9.36)). Conclusion: Intimate partner violence is a potential barrier to antiviral therapy continuity and aggravates vulnerability of Cameroonian HIV-positive women. The prevention and detection of intimate partner violence by HIV services might help to reach the last “90” of the 90-90-90 targets.
Pre-Hip Fracture Falls: A Missed Opportunity for Intervention
Authors: Pierrie Sarah N. , Wally Meghan K. , Churchill Christine , Patt Joshua C. , Seymour Rachel B. , Karunakar Madhav A. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to examine utilization of acute care services in the year prior to hip fracture to inform development and implementation of an intervention to prevent subsequent falls and hip fracture that targets high-risk patients. Methods: Elderly patients (age >55) with hip fractures managed at a level one trauma center during 1 year (n = 134) were included. All “preadmissions,” defined as an emergency department (ED) visit or inpatient admission within our hospital system in the year before fall with fracture, were documented. Proportion of patients with a “preadmission,” reason for “preadmission,” demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, history of falls with fracture, cause of fracture, and time between preadmission and fracture were documented and described. Results: Of all, 45.5% of patients (n = 61) had a preadmission. Falls was the reason for presentation in 27.5% of the preadmission encounters, and the median interval between preadmission and fracture was 217 days. Only 8% of the patients presenting for falls in the ED received falls counseling. Patients who experienced preadmission were younger, had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, and were more likely to be male. Seventy-nine percent were community dwelling at the time of preadmission, and 68% were discharged home. Discussion: Nearly half of hip fracture patients were seen in a high acuity care environment in the year prior to fracture. A quarter presented for falls, supporting previous findings that history of falls is an important risk factor for future falls and injury. However, very few received falls counseling, documenting a major missed opportunity to address falls prevention in the acute care setting. Conclusions: Preventing subsequent falls and hip fractures in a targeted, high-risk population in the year prior to potential hip fracture has important implications for improving individual morbidity and mortality and population health. Community-based falls prevention programs are a viable option for this high-risk, community-dwelling population. Collaborative interventions are needed to actively link patients to evidence-based community resources.
ODI Cannot Account for All Variation in PROMIS Scores in Patients With Thoracolumbar Disorders
Authors: Passias Peter G. , Horn Samantha R. , Segreto Frank A. , Bortz Cole A. , Pierce Katherine E. , Vasquez-Montes Dennis , Moon John , Varlotta Christopher G. , Raman Tina , Frangella Nicholas J. , Stekas Nicholas , Lafage Renaud , Lafage Virginie , Gerling Michael C. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Buckland Aaron J. , Fischer Charla R. 
Published: June 2019

Study Design: Retrospective review of single institution. Objective: To assess the relationship between Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores in thoracolumbar patients. Methods: Included: Patients ≥18 years with a thoracolumbar spine condition (spinal stenosis, disc herniation, low back pain, disc degeneration, spondylolysis). Bivariate correlations assessed the linear relationships between ODI and PROMIS (Physical Function, Pain Intensity, and Pain Interference). Correlation cutoffs assessed patients with high and low correlation between ODI and PROMIS. Linear regression predicted the relationship of ODI to PROMIS. Results: A total of 206 patients (age 53.7 ± 16.6 years, 49.5% female) were included. ODI correlated with PROMIS Physical Function ( r = −0.763, P < .001), Pain Interference ( r = 0.800, P < .001), and Pain Intensity ( r = 0.706, P < .001). ODI strongly predicted PROMIS for Physical Function ( R2 = 0.58, P < .001), Pain Intensity ( R2 = 0.50, P < .001), and Pain Interference ( R2 = 0.64, P < .001); however, there is variability in PROMIS that ODI cannot account for. ODI questions about sitting and sleeping were weakly correlated across the 3 PROMIS domains. Linear regression showed overall ODI score as accounting for 58.3% ( R2 = 0.583) of the variance in PROMIS Physical Function, 63.9% ( R2 = 0.639) of the variance in Pain Interference score, and 49.9% ( R2 = 0.499) of the variance in Pain Intensity score. Conclusions: There is a large amount of variability with PROMIS that cannot be accounted for with ODI. ODI questions regarding walking, social life, and lifting ability correlate strongly with PROMIS while sitting, standing, and sleeping do not. These results reinforce the utility of PROMIS as a valid assessment for low back disability, while indicating the need for further evaluation of the factors responsible for variation between PROMIS and ODI.
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasties in Hong Kong: 15 years of experience in a teaching hospital
Authors: Yung Colin Shing-Yat , Cheung Man Hong , Fu Henry Chun Him , Chan Ping Keung , Yan Chun Hoi , Chiu Kwong Yuen 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a growing problem in an aging population. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKA) have been used for management of isolated OA of the medial tibiofemoral joint. This is the first study on the usage of UKA in Hong Kong. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing medial compartment UKA in a tertiary referral center since 2003. Preoperative and postoperative International Knee Society Knee Scores (KSKS) and Knee Societal Functional Assessment (KSFA) scores, range of motion, flexion deformity, and lower limb mechanical alignment were measured. Statistical analysis using paired sample t-tests was performed. Revision operations, rate of revisions, and causes of failure were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of risk factors for revision operation were performed against patient demographics, type of prosthesis, postoperative alignment, and degree of correction. Results: There were 94 UKA performed with an average follow-up of 4.3 years (range: 0.5–15.2 years). The KSKS and KSFA scores improved from 54.5 and 54.0 to 85.6 and 64.5 ( p < 0.01), respectively. There was no significant improvement in the range of motion ( p = 0.87) and fixed flexion deformity ( p = 0.14). Mechanical alignment improved from 172.1° to 174.9° varus postoperatively ( p < 0.01). Six cases required revision operation with a revision rate of 1.50 per 100 observed component years. Causes of revision included two cases of tibial tray loosening and one case each of progressive OA, mechanical failure, persistent pain, and infection. Logistic regression analysis for risk factors showed no statistical significance. Conclusions: UKA offers good functional improvement but further long-term studies are required to evaluate survivorship.
Rapid Pathogen Identification With Direct Application of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry on an Endophthalmitis Vitreous Sample Without Prior Culture
Authors: Chun Lindsay Y. , Dolle Molle Laura , Schneewind Olaf , Missiakas Dominique , Beavis Kathleen G. , Skondra Dimitra 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: We report a case of a 72-year-old man with bleb-related endophthalmitis (BRE) whose vitreous samples were directly analyzed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to rapidly identify the causative organism, whereas the results from conventional microbiological techniques were negative. Methods: We analyzed BRE vitreous samples with MALDI-TOF MS (Vitek MS, bioMérieux) for rapid pathogen identification without prior culture. Samples were also analyzed with standard microbiological methods. Results: Within 1 hour of sample acquisition, MALDI-TOF MS identified Gemella sanguinis from the undiluted vitreous sample from vitrectomy without prior culture with a confidence value of 99.7%. Gram stain and cultures from aqueous and vitreous samples were negative for 28 days after acquisition. The patient’s right-eye vision improved from hand motion to 20/50 2 months later. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the direct analysis of intraocular samples with MALDI-TOF MS could be a novel, promising adjuvant method of rapid endophthalmitis diagnosis.
Novel idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis susceptibility variants revealed by deep sequencing
Authors: Lorenzo-Salazar Jose M. , Ma Shwu-Fan , Jou Jonathan , Hou Pei-Chi , Guillen-Guio Beatriz , Allen Richard J. , Jenkins R. Gisli , Wain Louise V. , Oldham Justin M. , Noth Imre , Flores Carlos 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundSpecific common and rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) increase the likelihood of developing sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We performed target-enriched sequencing on three loci previously identified by a genome-wide association study to gain a deeper understanding of the full spectrum of IPF genetic risk and performed a two-stage case–control association study.MethodsA total of 1.7 Mb of DNA from 181 IPF patients was deep sequenced (>100×) across 11p15.5, 14q21.3 and 17q21.31 loci. Comparisons were performed against 501 unrelated controls and replication studies were assessed in 3968 subjects.Results36 SNVs were associated with IPF susceptibility in the discovery stage (p<5.0×10−8). After meta-analysis, the strongest association corresponded to rs35705950 (p=9.27×10−57) located upstream from the mucin 5B gene (MUC5B). Additionally, a novel association was found for two co-inherited low-frequency SNVs (<5%) inMUC5AC, predicting a missense amino acid change in mucin 5AC (lowest p=2.27×10−22). Conditional and haplotype analyses in 11p15.5 supported the existence of an additional contribution ofMUC5ACvariants to IPF risk.ConclusionsThis study reinforces the significant IPF associations of these loci and implicatesMUC5ACas another key player in IPF susceptibility.
A new mathematical model to identify contacts with recent and remote latent tuberculosis
Authors: Fröberg Gabrielle , Wahren Borgström Emilie , Chryssanthou Erja , Correia-Neves Margarida , Källenius Gunilla , Bruchfeld Judith 
Published: June 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) elimination programmes need to target preventive treatment to groups with an increased risk of TB activation, such as individuals with a latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) acquired recently. Current diagnostic tests for LTBI have poor predictive values for TB activation and there is, at present, no reference method to evaluate new LTBI diagnostic and prognostic tools. Thus, our objective was to develop a mathematical model, independent of currently available diagnostic tests, to estimate the individual probability of recent and/or remote LTBI.Estimations of recent LTBI were based on the contagiousness of index case, proximity and time of exposure, and environmental factors. Estimation of remote LTBI was based on country of origin, previous stays in high-risk environments or known exposure to TB. Individual probabilities were calculated and compared with tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-γ release assay results for 162 contacts of 42 index TB cases.Probabilities of remote LTBI were 16% for European/American contacts and 38% for African/Asian contacts. The probability of recent LTBI was 35% for close contacts to smear microscopy positive index cases. A higher probability of remote LTBI was seen among TST-positive contacts.This model may, with further validation, be used as an independent tool to evaluate new diagnostic markers for recent LTBI.
Dealing with headquarters in the multinational corporation: a subsidiary perspective on organizing costs
Authors: Lunnan Randi , Tomassen Sverre , Andersson Ulf , Benito Gabriel R. G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examines how subsidiaries in multinational corporations (MNCs) experience interactions with corporate headquarters. We conceptualize such interactions in terms of organizing costs, focusing on two key types of costs: bargaining costs and information costs. Specifically, we examine how distance, coordination mechanisms, and atmosphere influence the level of organizing costs in the headquarter-subsidiary relationship. Using survey data collected among 104 subsidiary managers in two MNCs, we show that relationship atmosphere significantly reduces both types of organizing costs, whereas distance increases bargaining costs. We also find that centralization and formalization reduce information costs, whereas social integration, contrary to our hypothesis, increases bargaining costs.
An attempt to explain the bidirectional association between ischaemic heart disease, stroke and depression: a cohort and meta-analytic approach
Authors: Wium-Andersen Marie Kim , Wium-Andersen Ida Kim , Prescott Eva Irene Bosano , Overvad Kim , Jørgensen Martin Balslev , Osler Merete 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundDepression and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are common diseases and associated in a bidirectional manner.AimsTo examine whether a bidirectional association between CVD and depression could be explained by shared risk factors, misclassification of disease measures or non-response.MethodA total of 10 population-based cohorts including 93 076 men and women (mean age 54.4 years, s.d. = 9.2) and an additional 10 510 men (mean age 51.2 years, s.d. = 0.3) were followed for subsequent depression, ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke in the Danish National Patient Registry from health examinations between 1982 and 2015 and until end of follow-up in 2017–2018. Exposures were physicians’ diagnoses of IHD, stroke, depression or self-reported chest pain, depression, use of antidepressant medication and the Major Depression Inventory at the time of study entry in the Metropolit study. Associations were analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression with disease as time-dependent variables.ResultsIHD and stroke were associated with subsequent depression (hazard ratio (HR) for IHD: 1.79, 95% CI 1.43–2.23 and HR for stroke: 2.62, 95% CI 2.09–3.29) and the associations were present in both men and women. Adjustment for the shared risk factors socioeconomic status, lifestyle, body mass index, statin use and serum lipids did not change the risk estimates. Furthermore, depression was associated with higher risk of subsequent IHD (HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.36–1.95) and stroke (HR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.63–2.30). The associations were also present when the analyses were based on self-reported disease measures or restricted to include non-responders.ConclusionsThe bidirectional association between CVD and depression was not explained by shared risk factors, misclassification or non-response.
Potentially Curable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Khorana Alok A. , McKernin Shannon E. , Berlin Jordan , Hong Theodore S. , Maitra Anirban , Moravek Cassadie , Mumber Matthew , Schulick Richard , Zeh Herbert J. , Katz Matthew H.G. 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE The purpose of this guideline update is to incorporate recently reported practice-changing evidence into ASCO’s recommendations on potentially curable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS ASCO convened an Expert Panel to evaluate data from PRODIGE 24/CCTG PA.6, a phase III, multicenter, randomized clinical trial of postoperative leucovorin calcium, fluorouracil, irinotecan hydrochloride, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) versus gemcitabine alone, presented at the 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting. In addition, PubMed was searched for additional papers that may influence the existing recommendations. RECOMMENDATIONS The Expert Panel only updated Recommendation 4.1 as a result of the practice-changing data. Recommendation 4.1 states that all patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma who did not receive preoperative therapy should be offered 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy in the absence of medical or surgical contraindications. The modified combination regimen of 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (mFOLFIRINOX; oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, leucovorin 400 mg/m2, irinotecan 150 mg/m2 D1, and 5-fluorouracil 2.4 g/m2 over 46 hours every 14 days for 12 cycles) is now preferred in the absence of concerns for toxicity or tolerance; alternatively, doublet therapy with gemcitabine and capecitabine or monotherapy with gemcitabine alone or fluorouracil plus folinic acid alone can be offered. Additional information can be found at www.asco.org/gastrointestinal-cancer-guidelines .
Collagen vitrigel promotes hepatocytic differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into functional hepatocyte-like cells
Authors: Nakai Shun , Shibata Ima , Shitamichi Takahiro , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Takagi Nobuyuki , Inoue Tomoaki , Nakagawa Toshito , Kiyokawa Jumpei , Wakabayashi Satoshi , Miyoshi Tomoya , Higashi Eriko , Ishida Seiichi , Shiraki Nobuaki , Kume Shoen 
Published: June 2019

Differentiation of stem cells to hepatocytes provides an unlimited supply of human hepatocytes and therefore has been vigorously studied. However, to date, the stem cell-derived hepatocytes were suggested to be of immature features. To obtain matured hepatocytes from stem cells, we tested the effect of culturing iPS cell-derived endoderm cells on collagen vitrigel membrane and compared with our previous reported nanofiber matrix.We cultured hiPS cell-derived endoderm cells on a collagen vitrigel membrane and examined the expression profiles, and tested the activity of metabolic enzymes. Gene expression profile analysis of hepatocytic differentiation markers revealed that upon culture on collagen vitrigel membrane, immature markers of AFP decreased, with a concomitant increase in the expression of mature hepatocyte transcription factors and mature hepatocyte markers such as ALB, ASGR1. Mature markers involved in liver functions, such as transporters, cytochrome P450 enzymes, phase II metabolic enzymes were also upregulated. We observed the upregulation of the liver markers for at least 2 weeks. Gene array profiling analysis revealed that hiPS cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (hiPS-hep) resemble that of the primary hepatocytes. Functions of the CYP enzyme activities were tested in multi-institution and all revealed high CYP1A, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A activity, which could be maintained for at least 2 weeks in culture.Taken together, the present approach identified that collagen vitrigel membrane provides a suitable environment for the generation of hepatocytes from hiPS cells that resemble many characteristics of primary human hepatocytes.
Periconceptional alcohol exposure causes female-specific perturbations to trophoblast differentiation and placental formation in the rat
Authors: Kalisch-Smith Jacinta I. , Steane Sarah E. , Simmons David G. , Pantaleon Marie , Anderson Stephen T. , Akison Lisa K. , Wlodek Mary E. , Moritz Karen M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The development of pathologies during pregnancy, including pre-eclampsia, hypertension and fetal growth restriction (FGR), often originates from poor functioning of the placenta. In vivo models of maternal stressors, such as nutrient deficiency, and placental insufficiency often focus on inadequate growth of the fetus and placenta in late gestation. These studies rarely investigate the origins of poor placental formation in early gestation, including those affecting the pre-implantation embryo and/or the uterine environment. The current study characterises the impact on blastocyst, uterine and placental outcomes in a rat model of periconceptional alcohol exposure, in which 12.5% ethanol is administered in a liquid diet from 4 days before until 4 days after conception. We show female-specific effects on trophoblast differentiation, embryo-uterine communication, and formation of the placental vasculature, resulting in markedly reduced placental volume at embryonic day 15. Both sexes exhibited reduced trophectoderm pluripotency and global hypermethylation, suggestive of inappropriate epigenetic reprogramming. Furthermore, evidence of reduced placental nutrient exchange and reduced pre-implantation maternal plasma choline levels offers significant mechanistic insight into the origins of FGR in this model.