bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory‐Guided Synthesis of a Metastable Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Polymorph
Authors: Garten Lauren M. , Dwaraknath Shyam , Walker Julian , Mangum John S. , Ndione Paul F. , Park Yoonsang , Beaton Daniel A. , Gopalan Venkatraman , Gorman Brian P. , Schelhas Laura T. , Toney Michael F. , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Persson Kristin A. , Ginley David S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany technologically critical materials are metastable under ambient conditions, yet the understanding of how to rationally design and guide the synthesis of these materials is limited. This work presents an integrated approach that targets a metastable lead‐free piezoelectric polymorph of SrHfO3. First‐principles calculations predict that the previous experimentally unrealized, metastable P4mm phase of SrHfO3 should exhibit a direct piezoelectric response (d33) of 36.9 pC N−1 (compared to d33 = 0 for the ground state). Combining computationally optimized substrate selection and synthesis conditions lead to the epitaxial stabilization of the polar P4mm phase of SrHfO3 on SrTiO3. The films are structurally consistent with the theory predictions. A ferroelectric‐induced large signal effective converse piezoelectric response of 5.2 pm V−1 for a 35 nm film is observed, indicating the ability to predict and target multifunctionality. This illustrates a coupled theory‐experimental approach to the discovery and realization of new multifunctional polymorphs.
Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Nanocomposite Coatings Based on Water‐Based Emulsion Latex
Authors: Yang Jixiang , Liang Huiyun , Zeng Liheng , Liu Shuai , Guo Tianying 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTo prepare water‐based superhydrophobic coatings with excellent properties would be of great significance, but it remains difficult to solve the problems of uneven dispersion of hydrophobic modified inorganic nanofillers in water and poor interfacial compatibility between hydrophilic inorganic nanofillers and polymer matrix in the film. Herein a novel and green technology is reported to disperse dodecyltriethoxysilane in water‐based polymer system uniformly by adsorbing it on the surface of emulsion latex particles first. Then after silica nanoparticles being introduced into the system, the hydrophobic modification is realized by the coupling reaction between silica nanoparticles and the alkylsilane in the film‐forming process. Furthermore, various common water‐based emulsion latexes are able to be applied as the binder between the modified nanoparticles and substrates. The resulting coatings exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity and show remarkable mechanical durability as well as chemical stability. In addition, these nanocomposite coatings are demonstrated of high performance for oil/water separation. The findings provide a valuable way to fabricate water‐based and fluorine‐free superhydrophobic coatings with excellent properties for potential industrial applications.
Self‐Healing Phenomena in Metals
Authors: van Dijk Niels , van der Zwaag Sybrand 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn comparison to other materials, in metals and metallic systems self‐healing of cracks and crack‐initiating defects is difficult to achieve due to the fact the solute atoms that act as healing agents are relatively small and generally have a relatively low mobility at the prevailing operating temperatures. In this review, the scientifically most interesting and industrially most promising approaches to self‐healing metals are presented and discussed. The various approaches are separated in autonomous healing methods based on an intrinsic (solid‐state diffusion) mechanism and assisted healing methods that need an external intervention. Some promising routes are identified while in other cases the approach has too many intrinsic limitations. Recently, a number of computational studies using molecular dynamics and finite element modeling have been performed to analyze the self‐healing potential of metal systems as a function of the imposed conditions and to guide the further development of this family of self‐healing materials.
Morphology and Interface Engineering for Organic Metal Halide Perovskite–Based Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Wei Qi , Bi Huan , Yan Su , Wang Shiwei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOrganic–inorganic metal halide perovskite (OMHP) has become one of the most important optoelectronic materials due to its electronic transport properties and excellent machinability. The efficiency of OMHP solar cells has risen rapidly from 3.81% to more than 20% in the past seven years, which has almost approached the theoretical value. Despite the continuous and in‐depth researches by scientists, it has been difficult to prepare new materials for OMHP devices with high performances. According to literature reported, OMHP solar cells can get remarkable performances depending on not only the mesoscopic structure but also the planar structure. Besides that, the morphology of OMHP film has been considered as the most important impact for high device performances. And the film morphology of OMHP can be affected by many factors including deposition method, material components, additives, post‐treatment process, and so on. The corresponding researches and reports appear constantly, which will be summarized and discussed in detail in this review. It can be concluded that the continuous, uniform growth and dense perovskite crystals in the OMHP film are the key factors for the preparation of high performance OMHP devices.
Graphene Nanoplatelets as Novel Additive to Enhance Coercivity of Hot‐Deformed Magnets by Tuning Microstructures
Authors: Wang Renquan , Liu Ying , Li Jun , Zhou Tingchuan , Yang Xiaojiao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work an effective approach of tuning the microstructures and enhancing the coercivity of hot‐deformed Nd‐Fe‐B magnets without obvious remanence loss by adding graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) is proposed. Based on the microstructure characterization, the adjacent Nd2Fe14B grains on the interfaces are in polygonal shape with the small grain size less than 100 nm, and the GNPs are mainly around the interfaces of the melt‐spun ribbons. Due to the outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, the GNPs can act as the steric hindrance additives and thermal conducting medium, which is helpful to restrain the growth of Nd2Fe14B grains effectively and decrease or even eliminate the coarse grains region. As a result, the coercivity of hot‐deformed Nd‐Fe‐B magnets is enhanced remarkably with their refined microstructure; the coercivity is substantially improved by 33.2% from 785 to 1046 kA m−1 with the GNPs additive amount from 0 to 0.2 wt%, while the remanence loss is also as low as 1.56% from 1.28 to 1.26 T. This work reported here suggests that the GNPs have great potentials in fabricating materials with controlled grain growth properties.
Directing Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Gold Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Zhou Qihui , Zhao Zhiyuan , Zhou Ziwei , Zhang Gang , Chiechi Ryan C. , van Rijn Patrick 
Published: May 2018

AbstractControlling cell organization is still a major bottleneck in biointerface engineering when the material dimensions decrease to the nanoscale. Here, Au nanowire‐patterned array platforms with multiscale design from the macroscale to the nanoscale are developed for studying human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBM‐MSC) response. When the angle of the Au nanowires on glass is increased from 0° to 90°, hBM‐MSC arrangement exhibits a transition from a unidirectional distribution induced by a vector response to a bimodal polarization pattern. The degree of cell vector response and elongation decreases with increasing nanowire angles from 0° to 90°. Further, it is demonstrated that the specific cell adhesion and organization are dependent on the surface micro/nanotopography, which is greatly enhanced by introducing stem cell‐material affinity differences. An ideal model and new insights into a deeper understanding of cell–nano‐biointerface interactions are provided.
Recent Progress in Wearable Fully Textile Chemical Sensors
Authors: Tessarolo Marta , Gualandi Isacco , Fraboni Beatrice 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the new era of Internet of Things, there is a great demand for the development of novel chemical wearable sensors, in particular, for personalized medical diagnostics with point‐of‐care devices. This paper provides an overview on the recent developments in this field, focusing on fully textile chemical sensors, i.e., sensors directly incorporated into a garment/fabric/fiber. The recent results are summarized by grouping them in three broad categories according to their working principle: (i) electrochemical sensors; (ii) transistor‐based sensors; and (iii) resistance‐based sensors. Wearable chemical sensors can be used to detect external dangerous vapor/agents, or to control and monitor the concentration of specific compounds in biofluids for safety and healthcare applications. One of the main issues of such applications is sensor operation in a complex medium containing many interfering compounds. To this end, recent novel approaches to enhance the selectivity of fully textile wearable sensors are reviewed: enzyme‐based approach, selective membrane, and a potentiodynamic method. Finally, a critical overview is given about the major open issues that have to be overcome in order to reach a high technology readiness level.
Impact of Hydroxylation and Hydration on the Reactivity of α‐Fe2O3 (0001) and (102) Surfaces under Environmental and Electrochemical Conditions
Authors: Noh Junghyun , Li Hong , Osman Osman I. , Aziz Saadullah G. , Winget Paul , Brédas Jean‐Luc 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHematite (α‐Fe2O3) is widely used as a catalytic electrode material in photo‐electrochemical water oxidation, where its surface compositions and stabilities can strongly impact the redox reaction process. Here, its surface configurations in environmental or electrochemical conditions are assessed via density functional theory (DFT) calculations conducted at the Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE)+U level. The most energetically favorable surface domains of α‐Fe2O3 (0001) and (102) are predicted by constructing the surface phase diagrams in the framework of first‐principle thermodynamics. The relative surface stabilities are investigated as a function of partial pressures of oxygen and water, temperature, solution pH, and electrode potential not only for perfect bulk terminations but also for defect‐containing surfaces having various degrees of hydroxylation and hydration. In order to assess the impact on the redox reactions of the surface planes as well as of the extent of surface hydration/hydroxylation, the thermodynamics of the four‐step oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanism are examined in detail for different models of the α‐Fe2O3 (0001) and (102) surfaces. Importantly, the results underline that the nature of the surface termination and the degree of near‐surface hydroxylation give rise to significant variations in the OER overpotentials.
Hydroxoiridium‐Catalyzed sp3 C−H Alkylation of Indoline Derivatives with Terminal Alkenes
Authors: Nakamura Ikumi , Yamauchi Daisuke , Nishimura Takahiro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDirect alkylation of a secondary sp3 C−H bond of indoline derivatives having a urea moiety with terminal alkenes proceeded in the presence of a hydroxoiridium/1,5‐cyclooctadiene catalyst, which generated an amidoiridium intermediate by reaction with a urea N−H moiety of the indolines, giving the linear addition products in high yields.
High‐resolution modelling of ocean circulation can reveal retention spots important for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Briton Florence , Cortese Daphne , Duhaut Thomas , Guizien Katell 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Larval transport by ocean circulation and its emerging property at the population level, i.e. connectivity, has received increasing attention thanks to the Aichi target 11 of protecting 10% of ocean surfaces through well‐connected marine protected area (MPA) networks. Furthermore, it is also important to investigate retention within a site, as it determines the self‐persistence of a population in an isolated MPA.
Mediterranean rocky substrates host a conspicuous and diverse biota, which explains why MPA designations have targeted rocky habitat. Retention rates in the fragmented rocky habitat of the Gulf of Lion were established at two spatial scales (10 and 1 km2) using dispersal simulations. To this end we computed three‐dimensional flow simulations with high spatial resolution nearshore (80 m), combined with a high density of release spots (every 100 m).
This study shows that among the six rocky 10‐km2 patches, the four with highest average retention rates for pelagic larval duration (PLD), of up to 42 days, were designated MPAs. Furthermore, within each MPA, small zones where special protection measures are applied correspond to 1‐km2 subpatches where the highest local retention rates were found. Yet the 2% most retentive subpatches of the rocky habitat do not exhibit retention rates large enough to ensure the local persistence of most species.
Aquaporin‐4 knockout mice exhibit increased hypnotic susceptibility to ketamine
Authors: Lv Yunluo , Dai Wangshu , Ge Ai , Fan Yi , Hu Gang , Zeng Yinming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study examines anesthetic/hypnotic effects of ketamine in AQP4 knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice with the particular focus on neurotransmission.Materials and MethodsKetamine (100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected in 16 WT and 16 KO mice. The hypnotic potencies were evaluated by the loss of the righting reflex (LORR). The amino acids neurotransmitter levels in prefrontal cortex were measured by microdialysis.ResultsThis study demonstrated that AQP4 knockout significantly shortened the latency compared with WT mice (98.0 ± 4.2 vs. 138.1 ± 15.0 s, p < .05) and prolonged duration of LORR (884.7 ± 58.6 vs. 562.0 ± 51.7 s, p < .05) compared with WT mice in LORR induced by ketamine. Microdialysis showed that lack of AQP4 markedly decreased glutamate level within 20 min (p < .05) and increased γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) level within 30–40 min (p < .05) after use of ketamine. Moreover, the levels of taurine were remarkably higher in KO mice than in WT mice, but no obvious differences in aspartate were observed between two genotypes.ConclusionAQP4 deficiency led to more susceptibility of mice to ketamine, which is probably due to the modulation of specific neurotransmitters, hinting an essential maintenance of synaptic activity mediated by AQP4 in the action of ketamine.
Crossed mixture‐process design for optimization of simultaneous adsorption of Tartrazine and Indigo carmine dyes by cobalt hydroxide nanosorbent
Authors: Bagtash Maryam , Zolgharnein Javad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present paper focused on the removal of Tartrazine and indigo carmine from aqueous solutions by cobalt hydroxide nanosorbent. This novel and efficient nanosorbent were successfully used to remove two anionic dyes from aqueous solutions in single and binary systems. The characterization of sorbent was carried out with scanning electron microscopy micrographs, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The simplex‐lattice mixture design was employed for optimization of adsorption process. The effective factors on adsorption such as pH, m (amount of sorbent), and C (initial concentrations of dyes) were considered using crossed mixture‐process design. The proposed quadratic model resulted from the mixture design approach fitted very well to the experimental data. Isotherm modeling and kinetic investigations showed that sips, modified sips, and pseudo‐second‐order models describe both the adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behavior well, respectively.
Ultrasonic Based Device to Monitor Oil Separation from Oily Water Discharges
Authors: Behnia Izad , Prakash Anand , Williams Gregory 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDischarges of oily water are common among a number of commercial operations. If unregulated these effluents can lead to both short and long term adverse environmental impacts. Development efforts were undertaken in this study for a robust ultrasonic based device to monitor separation of oil and water from oily water effluents. Most of these separations are carried out in gravity settlers where several problems are encountered. These include periodic temperature variations (often over a 25–50 °C range), changes in composition of the oily phase, and presence of suspended impurities as well as fouling conditions. The device incorporates an innovative low cost self‐correction feature to minimize measurement errors under such difficult and dynamic conditions. This feature allows continuous in‐situ measurement of acoustic velocity, a key parameter required for oil depth measurements, giving accuracy within ±2 %. The development plans moved progressively from proof‐of‐concept to prototype of the device with a systematic strategy to improve reliability and accuracy at each stage. These included selection of appropriate transducer frequency and tests with suspended and settled impurities. After initial evaluations, a device configuration with a transducer mounted on a guided float was recommended for further development efforts. The transducer was placed facing down at the centre of the float designed to move up and down with the liquid level in the tank.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Coupling Reactions of (Z)‐Enamines with Isocyanides through Selective β‐C(sp2)‐H and/or C=C Bond Cleavage
Authors: Hu Weigao , Zheng Jia , Li Meng , Wu Wanqing , Liu Haiyang , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, two efficient palladium‐catalyzed intermolecular oxidative coupling reactions of (Z)‐enamines with isocyanides via selective β‐C(sp2)‐H and/or C=C bond cleavage have been developed, leading to controllable chemodivergent and stereoselective construction of a wide range of (E)‐β‐carbamoylenamine derivatives containing strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, possible reaction pathways for these transformations are proposed on the basis of preliminary mechanism studies.
Pericarditis among giant cell arteritis patients: From myth to reality
Authors: Tiosano Shmuel , Adler Yehuda , Azrielant Shir , Yavne Yarden , Gendelman Omer , Ben‐Ami Shor Dana , Comaneshter Doron , Shalom Guy , Cohen Arnon D. , Amital Howard 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundGiant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology affecting adults age > 50 years. GCA (also known as temporal arteritis) is a vasculitis of large and medium‐size vessels that involves the extracranial branches of the carotid artery. Common manifestations include constitutional symptoms, headache, jaw claudication, scalp tenderness, and vision loss. Cardiac involvement in GCA is considered to be as low as 5%, and < 30 cases of pericarditis among GCA patients have been reported in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between GCA and pericarditis by conducting a cross‐sectional study utilizing the database of the largest healthcare provider in Israel.HypothesisGCA is associated with pericarditis.MethodsThe proportion of past documentation of pericarditis among patients diagnosed with GCA was compared with that of their age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Univariate analysis was performed using the χ2 and t tests; multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression.ResultsThe study included 4329 GCA patients and 21 611 controls. GCA patients had higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors. Pericarditis was observed in 53 GCA patients and 72 controls (1.22% vs 0.33%, respectively; P < 0.001), significantly higher among GCA patients in comparison with controls. A significant interaction was found between GCA, pericarditis, and young age (<70 years).ConclusionsThe study showed an independent association between GCA and pericarditis, especially among young patients. Proper screening should be applied whenever a suspicion arises as to the existence of comorbidity in patients with either disease.
Flow cytometry shows added value in diagnosing lymphoma in brain biopsies
Authors: van der Meulen Matthijs , Bromberg Jacoline E.C. , Lam King H. , Dammers Ruben , Langerak Anton W. , Doorduijn Jeanette K. , Kros Johan M. , van den Bent Martin J. , van der Velden Vincent H.J. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundTo assess the sensitivity, specificity and turnaround time of flow cytometric analysis on brain biopsies compared to histology plus immunohistochemistry analysis in tumors with clinical suspicion of lymphoma.MethodsAll brain biopsies performed between 2010 and 2015 at our institution and analyzed by both immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were included in this retrospective study. Immunohistochemistry was considered the gold standard.ResultsIn a total of 77 biopsies from 71 patients, 49 lymphomas were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry results were concordant in 71 biopsies (92.2%). We found a specificity and sensitivity of flow cytometry of 100% and 87.8%, respectively. The time between the biopsy and reporting the result (turnaround time) was significantly shorter for flow cytometry, compared to immunohistochemistry (median: 1 vs. 5 days).ConclusionsFlow cytometry has a high specificity and can confirm the diagnosis of a lymphoma significantly faster than immunohistochemistry. This allows for rapid initiation of treatment in this highly aggressive tumor. However, since its sensitivity is less than 100%, we recommend to perform histology plus immunohistochemistry in parallel to flow cytometry. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society
A systematic review of randomized trials of mind‐body interventions for PTSD
Authors: Niles Barbara L. , Mori DeAnna L. , Polizzi Craig , Pless Kaiser Anica , Weinstein Elizabeth S. , Gershkovich Marina , Wang Chenchen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of mind–body treatments for PTSD.MethodsInclusion criteria based on guidelines for assessing risk of bias were used to evaluate articles identified through electronic literature searches.ResultsTwenty‐two RCTs met inclusion standards. In most of the nine mindfulness and six yoga studies, significant between‐group effects were found indicating moderate to large effect size advantages for these treatments. In all seven relaxation RCT's, relaxation was used as a control condition and five studies reported significant between‐group differences on relevant PTSD outcomes in favor of the target treatments. However, there were large within‐group symptom improvements in the relaxation condition for the majority of studies.ConclusionsAlthough many studies are limited by methodologic weaknesses, recent studies have increased rigor and, in aggregate, the results for mindfulness, yoga, and relaxation are promising. Recommendations for design of future mind–body trials are offered.