bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linguistic knowledge and command of language
Authors: Dolník Juraj 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Drawing on the ideas of many pragmatically based philosophers of language and linguistics, the author proposes a conception of command of language with regard to linguistic cultivation of language users. His approach to the problem may be summarized in the sentence that the cultivation of the mother tongue is adequate when it is in harmony with communicative rationality that originated from the fact that human beings are behavioural-actional creatures. The main point is that the rationality of communication is based on the function of the intention-emergent-mechanism; that is, we are in natural linguistic state if the working of this mechanism is not disturbed. The cultivation of command of language can only be successful as the developing of the natural linguistic state when the requirement of the natural coordination of the behavioural and actional linguistic competence remains in force, in other words, it is necessary to take into consideration that for the natural command of language is responsible the interplay of the not-knowledge-based grammatical disposition and the language knowledges.
Accounting for Spatial Variation of Land Prices in Hedonic Imputation House Price Indices: a Semi-Parametric Approach
Authors: Gong Yunlong , de Haan Jan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Location is capitalized into the price of the land the structure of a property is built on, and land prices can be expected to vary significantly across space. We account for spatial variation of land prices in hedonic house price models using geospatial data and a semi-parametric method known as mixed geographically weighted regression. To measure the impact on aggregate price change, quality-adjusted (hedonic imputation) house price indices are constructed for a small city in the Netherlands and compared to price indices based on more restrictive models, using postcode dummy variables, or no location information at all. We find that, while taking spatial variation of land prices into account improves the model performance, the Fisher house price indices based on the different hedonic models are almost identical. The land and structures price indices, on the other hand, are sensitive to the treatment of location.
BANKA İŞGÖRENLERİNİN SOSYAL SERMAYE VE İŞ TATMİNİNE İLİŞKİN ALGI DÜZEYLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Aba Şenbayram Emel , Ercan Cuma 
Published: September 2018

Günümüz ekonomik gelişmeler, rekabet
koşulları, yaşamın birçok alanında var olan alternatifler eğitim, bilişim ve
teknolojik imkânlar ve dahası,
“neye sahip olduğun veya neyi bildiğin değil kimi tanıdığın önemlidir” sözünün
haklılığını kanıtlar niteliktedir. Diğer bir ifade ile mevcut
koşullarda fiziksel ve insani sermaye yetersiz kalmakta, bunun sosyal sermaye
ile güçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Çalışmada, bireylerin sosyal sermaye birikimlerinin iş tatmin düzeylerine ne
denli etkilediğinin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Şanlıurfa, Gaziantep ve
Diyarbakır’da faaliyet gösteren toplam 310 banka yetkilisi üzerinde bir
araştırma yapılmış ve bankalarda
sosyal sermaye algı düzeyinin yüksek olduğu, sosyal sermayenin işgörenlerde iş
tatmini sağladığı ve bunun artı değer kazandırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
Drivers of future seasonal cycle changes in oceanic pCO2
Authors: Gallego M. Angeles , Timmermann Axel , Friedrich Tobias , Zeebe Richard E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Recent
observation-based results show that the seasonal amplitude of surface ocean
partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) has been increasing
on average at a rate of 2–3 µatm per decade
(Landschützer et al., 2018). Future increases in pCO2 seasonality
are expected, as marine CO2 concentration ([CO2])
will increase in response to increasing anthropogenic carbon emissions
(McNeil and Sasse, 2016). Here we use seven different global coupled
atmosphere–ocean–carbon cycle–ecosystem model simulations conducted as
part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to study
future projections of the pCO2 annual cycle amplitude and to
elucidate the causes of its amplification. We find that for the RCP8.5
emission scenario the seasonal amplitude (climatological maximum minus
minimum) of upper ocean pCO2 will increase by a factor of
1.5 to 3 over the next 60–80 years. To understand the drivers and mechanisms
that control the pCO2 seasonal amplification we develop a
complete analytical Taylor expansion of pCO2 seasonality in
terms of its four drivers: dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total
alkalinity (TA), temperature (T), and salinity (S). Using this linear
approximation we show that the DIC and T terms are the dominant
contributors to the total change in pCO2 seasonality. To
first order, their future intensification can be traced back to a doubling of
the annual mean pCO2, which enhances DIC and alters the
ocean carbonate chemistry. Regional differences in the projected seasonal
cycle amplitude are generated by spatially varying sensitivity terms. The
subtropical and equatorial regions (40∘ S–40∘ N) will
experience a ≈30–80 µatm increase in seasonal cycle
amplitude almost exclusively due to a larger background CO2
concentration that amplifies the T seasonal effect on solubility. This
mechanism is further reinforced by an overall increase in the seasonal cycle
of T as a result of stronger ocean stratification and a projected shoaling
of mean mixed layer depths. The Southern Ocean will experience a seasonal
cycle amplification of ≈90–120 µatm in response to the
mean pCO2-driven change in the mean DIC contribution and to
a lesser extent to the T contribution. However, a decrease in the DIC
seasonal cycle amplitude somewhat counteracts this regional amplification
mechanism.
FAME (v1.0): a simple module to simulate the effect of planktonic foraminifer species-specific habitat on their oxygen isotopic content
Authors: Roche Didier M. , Waelbroeck Claire , Metcalfe Brett , Caley Thibaut 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 ratio recorded in fossil planktonic
foraminifer shells has been used for over 50 years in many geoscience
applications. However, different planktonic foraminifer species generally
yield distinct signals, as a consequence of their specific living habitats in
the water column and along the year. This complexity is usually not taken
into account in model–data integration studies. To overcome this
shortcoming, we developed the Foraminifers As Modeled Entities (FAME) module.
The module predicts the presence or absence of commonly used planktonic
foraminifers and their oxygen-18 values. It is only forced by hydrographic
data and uses a very limited number of parameters, almost all derived from
culture experiments. FAME performance is evaluated using the Multiproxy Approach
for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean surface (MARGO) Late Holocene
planktonic foraminifer calcite oxygen-18 and abundance datasets. The
application of FAME to a simple cooling scenario demonstrates its utility to
predict changes in planktonic foraminifer oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 ratio in
response to changing climatic conditions.
THE LOGIC OF BINCAR-BONOM AND STRUCTURALISM ANALYSIS ON ROOM ARRANGEMENT OF DWELLING IN MANDAILING
Authors: Nuraini Cut , Walid Hibnul , Handayani Meyga Fitri 
Published: September 2018

The structure on an idea of Singengu ancestor about Datu (Creator) which is gives tondi (spirit/soul) through direction of sun movement has established the logic of Bincar (sunrising direction) and Bonom (sunsetting direction). The logic of Bincar-Bonom with the axis point has been manifests in the form of myths about relationships between Datu (Creator/God), King (Datu’s agent in the world) and the ancestors which also form the structure of abstract space namely Bincar and Bonom. The structure of abstract space namely Bincar-Bonom in the next steps has transformed concretely on architectural phenomena as a place on room arrangement. Bincar-Bonom in the context of structural concept is transformed in to room arrangement phenomenon concretely which has arrange the setting of bedroom for parent in the direction of Bonom and bedroom for son in the direction of Bincar with family room in the midle of it as axis point.
Preparation and properties of few‐layer graphene modified waterborne epoxy coatings
Authors: Yuan Caideng , Zhao Meng , Sun Da , Yang Lan , Zhang Lei , Guo Ruiwei , Yao Fanglian , An Yun 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTFew layer graphene (FLG) has been used to improve different properties of polymers. FLG‐modified waterborne epoxy dispersions were prepared using a hydrophilic epoxy oligomer (HEO‐144) as the surfactant, which was prepared using liquid epoxy resin and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG4000) at a molar ratio of 1.0. To enhance the stability of FLG‐modified waterborne epoxy dispersions, fumed silica was added and best stability was reached at a fumed silica content of 1.5%. Thermogravimetric analyses demonstrated enhanced thermal stability of the epoxy films after FLG modification. With FLG content of 1.0%, T5% of the modified epoxy films has been increased to 332 °C from 275 °C. Water contact angle and adsorption tests showed improved water resistance with FLG, the water contact angle increased from 49.5° to 76.2° and water adsorption decreased from 9.0% to 2.0%. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests and tafel analysis indicated that FLG greatly improved the anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy coatings. With a FLG content of 1.0%, modified waterborne epoxy coatings demonstrated significantly low corrosion rate, which was one eighth of that of the unmodified control. These results indicate that FLG modification can be an effective and low cost approach to enhance the anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy coatings. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46743.
Mechanical and thermal characterization of an epoxy foam as thermal layer insulation for a glass fiber reinforced polymer
Authors: Cavasin M. , Giannis S. , Salvo M. , Casalegno V. , Sangermano M. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the formulations and curing parameters to obtain an epoxy foam to be used as thermal insulator layer for a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). A relevant decrease (50%) of the apparent density of the foam was achieved by adding up to 5 wt % of foaming agent without affecting the glass‐transition temperature (Tg). The mechanical properties were inevitably affected by the foaming, but a remarkable reduction down to 30% of the original value of the thermal conductivity was achieved. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed a continuous interface between the epoxy GFRP and the foamed layer. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46864.
Enhancement of paperboard performance as packaging material by layering with plasticized polyhydroxybutyrate/nanocellulose coatings
Authors: Seoane I. T. , Luzi F. , Puglia D. , Cyras V. P. , Manfredi L. B. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPaper presents low water vapor barrier capacity that is considered a limitation for its use in packaging applications. Therefore, the effect of using polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)‐based coatings containing a plasticizer [Tributyrin (TB)] and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in a bilayer configuration with paperboard is investigated in this work. PHB/paperboard composites are obtained by compression molding. It is found that the addition of TB and CNC in the coating formulation favored both the interaction between layers in the final composite and the enhancement of tensile properties for PHB/paperboard composites. Also, it is proved that water vapor permeation of bilayer composites is reduced by the addition of CNC in the PHB‐based layer. Disintegration test of the films has also been carried out under composting conditions, according to the standard ISO 20200, demonstrating that all the studied samples reached more than 90% of disintegration after 49 days of incubation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46872.
Antiplatelet adhesion behavior of hyperbranched poly(l‐lactide)s containing glutamic acid terminal groups
Authors: Jikei Mitsutoshi , Kobayashi Yuuki , Matsumoto Kazuya , Hirokawa Makoto , Ueki Shigeharu 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe surface properties and antiplatelet adhesion behavior of terminally functionalized hyperbranched poly(l‐lactide)s (HB PLLAn‐Glu, n = 5, 10, 20) were examined. Contact angle changes and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements indicated that the hydrated glutamic acid units in HB PLLAn‐Glu films migrated to the surface during immersing in water and unique microdomains were observed from the HB PLLA10‐Glu film after water immersion. HB PLLA10‐Glu and HB PLLA5‐Glu prevented platelet adhesion, but HB PLLA20‐Glu showed the typical platelet adhesion response for a hydrophobic surface. Both the high hydrophilicity and microdomain formation of HB PLLAn‐Glu contributed to the efficient antiplatelet adhesion behavior. The glutamic acid‐terminated HB PLLA10‐Glu films were more effective at preventing platelet adhesion than the 2‐methoxyethoxy‐terminated HB PLLA10 films. This study is the first example of platelet adhesion properties being controlled by the terminal functional groups and branching density of hyperbranched polymers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46910.
Juvenile hormone affects the splicing of Culex quinquefasciatus early trypsin messenger RNA
Authors: Borovsky Dov , Hancock Robert G. , Rougé Pierre , Powell Charles A. , Shatters Robert G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe full length of Culex quiquefasciatus early trypsin has been cloned and sequenced and a three‐dimensional (3D) model of the enzyme was built showing that the enzyme has the canonical trypsin’s active pocket containing H78, D123, S129, and D128. The biosynthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) III by the corpora allata (CA) in female
Cx. quiquefasciatus is sugar‐dependent. Females that were maintained on water after emergence synthesize very little JH III, JH III bisepoxide, and methyl farnesoate (MF) (3.8, 1.1, and 0.8 fmol/4 hr/CA, respectively). One hour after sugar feeding, the synthesis of JH III and JH III bisepoxide reached a maximum (11.3 and 5.9 fmol/4 hr/CA, respectively) whereas MF biosynthesis reached a maximum at 24 hr (5.2 fmol/4 hr/CA). The early trypsin is transcribed with a short intron (51 nt) is spliced when JH III biosynthesis is high in sugar fed and at 1 hr after the blood meal (22 and 15  fmol/4 hr/CA, respectively). We investigated the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the early trypsin gene showing that JH III concentrations influence splicing. In the absence JH III the unspliced transcript is linked by a phosphoamide bond at the 5′‐end to RNA ribonuleoprotein (RNP). The biosynthesis of the early trypsin was followed in ligated abdomens (without CA) of newly emerged females that fed blood by enema. Our results show that the early trypsin biosynthesis depends on sugar and blood feeding, whereas the late trypsin biosynthesis does not depend on sugar feeding, or JH III biosynthesis. Downregulating the early trypsin transcript does not affect the late trypsin.
The role of organic anion‐transporting polypeptides and formulation in the clearance and distribution of a novel Nav1.7 channel blocker
Authors: Pike Andy , Flanagan Neil J. , Storer R. Ian , Swain Nigel A. , Tseng Elaine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPF‐06456384 is an extremely potent and selective blocker of the Nav1.7 sodium channel designed as a potential intravenous (i.v.) analgesic targeting high potency and rapid clearance to minimize the potential for residual effects following the end of infusion. In our previous experience targeting oral molecules, the requirement to obtain potent, Nav1.7 selective molecules led to a focus on acidic, amphipilic compounds cleared primarily by organic anion‐transporting polypeptide mediated hepatic uptake and subsequent biliary excretion. However, the physicochemical properties of the i.v. lead matter were substantially different, moving from acidic, amphiphilic chemical space to zwitterions as well as substantially increasing molecular weight. This report describes the continued relevance of organic anion‐transporting polypeptide driven hepatic uptake in this physicochemical space and highlights an apparent impact of the formulation excipient Solutol on the clearance and distribution of PF‐06456384.
Assessment of heavy metals, fungicide quintozene and its hazardous impurity residues in medical Panax notoginseng (Burk) F.H.Chen root
Authors: Geng Yue , Jiang Linjie , Jiang Hongxin , Wang Lu , Peng Yi , Wang Ce , Shi Xiaomeng , Gu Jing , Wang Yuehua , Zhu Jiachao , Dai Lihong , Xu Yaping , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction approach and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with programmed temperature vaporization sampling technology were used to determine fungicide quintozene and its hazardous impurity hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in Panax notoginseng root, which is commonly used as a rare traditional Chinese medicine worldwide. The mean recoveries were in the ranges of 94–125 and 84–119% for quintozene and HCB with relative standard deviations of 6.2–16.1% at three concentrations: 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg kg−1. Heavy metals arsenic, cadmium, copper and lead were simultaneously detected by an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry approach after digestion with nitric acid. The above methods were used to analyze 50 samples of P. notoginseng roots collected at markets and planting bases from the special local producing areas, namely, Honghe, Kunming and Wenshan in Yunnan province, China. Quintozene and HCB in root samples were determined at <0.0015–1.50 and <0.0015–0.125 mg kg−1. In the 50 samples, 28, 16, 56, 6 and 2% exceeded the maximum permissible levels in medicinal plants (WM/T2‐2004) for quintozene, arsenic, cadmium, lead and copper. [Correction added on 28 January 2019, after first online publication: the percentages in the preceding sentence have been corrected]. The results showed that the method is robust and suitable for measuring quintozene, its hazardous impurity and heavy metals in P. notoginseng roots.
A move beyond sustainability certification: The evolution of the chocolate industry's sustainable sourcing practices
Authors: Thorlakson Tannis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCompanies' sustainable sourcing practices play an increasing role in addressing the social and environmental challenges in agricultural supply chains. Yet the approaches companies take to regulate their supply chains continue to evolve. I use the chocolate industry as a critical case to explore how and why companies have changed their approaches to sustainable cocoa sourcing over the last 20 years. Drawing on an analysis of 205 company documents, 95 newspaper articles and over 50 in‐depth interviews, I trace the evolution of chocolate manufacturers' sustainable sourcing practices from a focus on industry initiatives to a commitment to sustainability certification and now to companies increasingly moving toward own‐supply chain programs. These shifts can in part be explained by the evolving salience of different stakeholder groups over time. This study highlights the dynamic nature of sustainable sourcing practice adoption and suggests companies are building upon previous strategies to incorporate more stakeholder voices over time.
Viable Synthesis of Porous MnCo2O4/Graphene Composite by Sonochemical Grafting: A High‐Rate‐Capable Oxygen Cathode for Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Karkera Guruprakash , Chandrappa Shivaraju Guddehalli , Prakash Annigere S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWith an anticipation of their use in electric vehicles, Li–O2 batteries are found to be attractive despite their complex chemistry and drawbacks. To be successful, cathode materials that are robust enough to overcome the sluggish kinetics of the charge–discharge reactions are essential. This work reports sonochemically synthesized porous MnCo2O4/graphene (MCO/G) as a hybrid cathode material in nonaqueous Li–O2 batteries. The MCO/G hybrid is synthesized in less than four hours and offers a strong synergistic coupling between the MnCo2O4 nanospheres and graphene sheets. It catalyzes the oxygen reduction through a three‐electron‐transfer process and initiates the oxygen evolution at 1.55 V vs. RHE in basic medium. A small charge–discharge voltage hysteresis of 0.8 V and a cycle life of 250 cycles at a limited capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 in a tetraglyme‐based nonaqueous Li–O2 battery is demonstrated. The porous channels created on the sonochemically synthesized cathode facilitates easy oxygen adsorption onto the active sites to accommodate more discharge products following its decomposition. It exhibits a better rate capability in comparison to the widely used Vulcan carbon and benchmark Pt/C catalysts. The excellent cyclability, rate capability, and low overpotential demonstrates MnCo2O4/graphene composite as a promising cathode candidate for Li–O2 batteries. The porous nanosphere architecture with internal oxygen diffusion pathways and peripheral conductive graphene extensions fulfils the requirements that a robust cathode is expected to have to overcome the harsh Li–O2 battery conditions and to serve as a high‐rate‐capable cathode for Li–O2 batteries.
Seleniranium and Telluriranium Salts
Authors: Poleschner Helmut , Seppelt Konrad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeleniranium salts [Ad2SeR]+ X− (2–8), which are moderately stable at room temperature, were synthesized by addition of RSe+X− equivalents to the bulky olefin bis(adamantylidene) Ad=Ad (1), where R is aryl or alkyl and X− is Tf2N−, B(C6F5)4−, or SbCl6−. Unstable telluriranium salts [Ad2TeR]+X− (9–12) were obtained by addition of RTe+X− equivalents to 1 (R=Ph, Et; X−=Tf2N−, BF4−). The compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations, and the Se compounds also by ESI mass spectrometry. Crystal structures were determined for seleniranium salts 2 and 7 and telluriranium salt 9.
Programmable and Sequence‐Selective Supramolecular Assembly of Two Different Chromophores along DNA Templates
Authors: Hofsäß Robert , Sinn Stephan , Biedermann Frank , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe templated self‐assembly of two different chromophores attached to the same binding motif gives oligomers of statistical mixtures without any control on the resulting chromophore sequence. The first self‐assembled bichromophore system is reported, in which the resulting chromophore sequence is simply governed by the DNA template. A new ethynylpyrene‐diaminopurine 2′‐deoxynucleoside was combined with the ethynyl nile red‐modified 2′‐deoxyuridine to achieve this completely programmable sequence selective self‐assembly. The helical ordering of the two different chromophores by DNA templates with different mixtures of A‐T sequences yields precise control over the optical properties of the formed assemblies, which was proven by methods of optical spectroscopy.
A survey of techniques for dynamic branch prediction
Authors: Mittal Sparsh 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBranch predictor (BP) is an essential component in modern processors since high BP accuracy can improve performance and reduce energy by decreasing the number of instructions executed on wrong‐path. However, reducing the latency and storage overhead of BP while maintaining high accuracy presents significant challenges. In this paper, we present a survey of dynamic branch prediction techniques. We classify the works based on key features to underscore their differences and similarities. We believe this paper will spark further research in this area and will be useful for computer architects, processor designers, and researchers.