bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of accounting for coral cover in large‐scale marine conservation prioritizations
Authors: Vercammen Ans , McGowan Jennifer , Knight Andrew T. , Pardede Shinta , Muttaqin Efin , Harris Jill , Ahmadia Gabby , Estradivari  , Dallison Thomas , Selig Elizabeth , Beger Maria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimMega‐diverse coral reef ecosystems are declining globally, necessitating conservation prioritizations to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services of sites with high functional integrity to promote persistence. In practice however, the design of marine‐protected area (MPA) systems often relies on broad classifications of habitat class and size, making the tacit assumption that all reefs are of comparable condition. We explored the impact of this assumption through a novel, pragmatic approach for incorporating variability in coral cover in a large‐scale regional spatial prioritization plan.LocationThe Coral Triangle.MethodsWe developed a spatially explicit predictive model of hard coral cover based on freely available macro‐ecological data to generate a complete regional map of coral cover as a proxy for reef condition. We then incorporate this information in spatial conservation prioritization software Marxan to design an MPA system that meets specific conservation objectives.ResultsWe discover prioritizations using area‐based representation of reef habitat alone may overestimate the conservation benefit, defined as the amount of hard coral cover protected, by up to 64%. We find substantial differences in conservation priorities and an overall increase in habitat quality metrics when accounting for predicted coral cover.Main conclusionsThis study shows that including habitat condition in a large‐scale marine spatial prioritization is feasible within time and resource constraints, and calls for increased implementation, and evaluation, of such ecologically relevant planning approaches to enhance potential conservation effectiveness.
Sourcing Decisions under Conditions of Risk and Resilience: A Behavioral Study
Authors: Mena Carlos , Melnyk Steven A. , Baghersad Milad , Zobel Christopher W. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article continues a recent trend of exploring the linkages between supply chain risk, resilience and decision‐making at an individual level. Specifically, the article reports the results of a behavioral study that explores whether and how the perceptions of supply chain risk and resilience influence the decisions made regarding the selection of a new source of critical components. The study uses a full factorial design for a scenario‐based role‐playing experiment involving over 1,000 valid responses drawn from multiple sampling pools including supply chain managers, students, and crowd‐sourced respondents. The results indicate that the perception of supply chain resilience—whether it is by systemic resilience communication, such as training or corporate pronouncements, or through personal exposure—significantly influences decision‐making, although personal exposure appears to have a stronger impact on the outcome. This relationship is significantly moderated by the risk propensity of the individual decision‐makers. The article concludes with a discussion of the results and their implication for both theory and practice. The discussion provides a framework for integrating the macro and micro levels by arguing that the micro issues can potentially moderate and mediate the relationships and findings observed at the macro level. Failure to integrate the micro effects can result in variance that the macro‐level analysis is unable to explain.
Relationship between pulmonary artery acceleration time and pulmonary artery pressures in infants
Authors: Gaulton Jessica S. , Mercer‐Rosa Laura M. , Glatz Andrew C. , Jensen Erik A. , Capone Valerie , Scott Courtney , Appel Scott M. , Stoller Jason Z. , Fraga María V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary artery acceleration time measured by echocardiography inversely correlates with pulmonary artery pressures in adults and children older than 1 year of age. There is a paucity of data investigating this relationship in young children, particularly among preterm infants.ObjectiveTo characterize the relationship between pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAAT) and pulmonary artery pressures in infants.Design/MethodsPatients ≤ 1 year of age at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 2011 and 2017 were reviewed. Infants with congenital heart disease were excluded, except those with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD), or ventricular septal defect (VSD). Linear regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between PAAT measured by echocardiography and systolic pulmonary artery pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and indexed pulmonary vascular resistance from cardiac catheterization.ResultsFifty‐seven infants were included, of which 61% were preterm and 49% had a diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The median postmenstrual age and weight at catheterization were 51.1 weeks (IQR 35.8–67.9 weeks) and 4400 g (IQR 3100–6500 g), respectively. Forty‐four infants (77%) had a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). There was a weak inverse correlation between PAAT with mPAP (r = −0.35, P = 0.01), sPAP (r = −0.29, P = 0.03), and PVRi (r = −0.29, P = 0.03).ConclusionThere is a weak inverse relationship between PAAT and pulmonary artery pressures. This relationship is less robust in our population of infants with a high incidence of PDAs compared to previous studies in older children. Thus, PAAT may be less clinically meaningful for diagnosing pulmonary arterial hypertension in infants, particularly those with PDAs.
Feasibility of myelosuppressive chemotherapy in psychiatric patients on clozapine: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Grainger Brian T. , Arcasoy Murat O. , Kenedi Christopher A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveClozapine is the favoured antipsychotic for treatment‐refractory schizophrenia, but has a 1%‐2% incidence of agranulocytosis. Patients who require chemotherapy therefore pose a unique management dilemma for haematologists, oncologists and psychiatrists.MethodsThe Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to identify reports describing use of clozapine concurrent with chemotherapy until 31 March 2019. The following terms (with variations) were used: neoplasm, cancer, tumour, malignancy, chemotherapy, antineoplastic and clozapine.ResultsTwenty‐seven cases were included after reviewing titles and abstracts for relevance. Fifteen patients had solid organ tumours, and 12 had haematological malignancies, including three who underwent autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AutoHSCT). Clozapine was continued in 14 cases (albeit dose reduced in 2), with a reported median neutropaenic nadir of 0.29 × 109/L (range 2.2 to <0.0 × 109/L). Clozapine was discontinued or substituted for another antipsychotic in the remaining 13 cases, all except one of whom experienced marked psychiatric deterioration. The only neutropenia‐related complication was one case of bacteraemia with high‐dose melphalan conditioning for AutoHSCT.ConclusionsThese findings argue in favour of clozapine continuation during chemotherapy. Further research is needed to develop guidance to minimise the risk of neutropenia‐related complications from concurrent treatment.
Serum sodium levels and related treatment‐emergent adverse events during eslicarbazepine acetate use in adults with epilepsy
Authors: Wechsler Robert T. , Radtke Rodney A. , Smith Michael , Vossler David G. , Strom Laura , Trinka Eugen , Cheng Hailong , Grinnell Todd , Blum David , Vieira Mariana , Moreira Joana , Rocha Francisco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the frequency of hyponatremia and potentially related symptoms in clinical trials of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) in adults with focal‐ (partial‐) onset seizures.MethodsThis post hoc, exploratory analysis included data from three controlled phase 3 trials of adjunctive ESL (400‐1200 mg once daily), two phase 3 trials of ESL monotherapy (1200‐1600 mg once daily), and their open‐label extension studies. Exploratory endpoints included clinical laboratory measurements of serum sodium concentrations ([Na+]), incidences of hyponatremia‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and incidences of TEAEs that are potential symptoms of hyponatremia.ResultsThe controlled trials of adjunctive ESL and ESL monotherapy included 1447 (placebo, n = 426; ESL, n = 1021) and 365 (ESL, n = 365) patients, respectively; 639 and 274 patients continued onto uncontrolled, open‐label extensions. In the controlled and uncontrolled trials ≤3.3% of patients taking ESL had a minimum postdose [Na+] measurement ≤125 mEq/L, <9% had a >10 mEq/L decrease in [Na+] from baseline, <6% had a hyponatremia‐related TEAE, and <2% discontinued the controlled trials due to a hyponatremia‐related TEAE. Hyponatremia appeared to be more frequent in the monotherapy (vs adjunctive therapy) trials; in the controlled trials of adjunctive ESL and ESL monotherapy, incidence generally increased with increasing ESL dose. The majority of patients with an investigator‐reported TEAE of “hyponatremia” or “blood sodium decreased” did not have a corresponding laboratory [Na+] measurement ≤125 mEq/L. Some symptoms potentially related to hyponatremia (including nausea and vomiting) were more frequent in patients with a minimum postdose [Na+] measurement ≤125 mEq/L.SignificanceReductions in serum sodium concentrations and hyponatremia‐related TEAEs occurred in a small number of patients taking ESL. Suspected hyponatremia should be confirmed and monitored via [Na+] measurements.
Status epilepticus in Auckland, New Zealand: Incidence, etiology, and outcomes
Authors: Bergin Peter S. , Brockington Alice , Jayabal Jayaganth , Scott Shona , Litchfield Rhonda , Roberts Lynair , Timog Jerelyn , Beilharz Erica , Dalziel Stuart R. , Jones Peter , Yates Kim , Thornton Vanessa , Walker Elizabeth B. , Davis Suzanne , Te Ao Braden , Parmar Priya , Beghi Ettore , Rossetti Andrea O. , Feigin Valery 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence, etiology, and outcome of status epilepticus (SE) in Auckland, New Zealand, using the latest International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) SE semiological classification.MethodsWe prospectively identified patients presenting to the public or major private hospitals in Auckland (population = 1.61 million) between April 6, 2015 and April 5, 2016 with a seizure lasting 10 minutes or longer, with retrospective review to confirm completeness of data capture. Information was recorded in the EpiNet database.ResultsA total of 477 episodes of SE occurred in 367 patients. Fifty‐one percent of patients were aged <15 years. SE with prominent motor symptoms comprised 81% of episodes (387/477). Eighty‐four episodes (18%) were nonconvulsive SE. Four hundred fifty episodes occurred in 345 patients who were resident in Auckland. The age‐adjusted incidence of 10‐minute SE episodes and patients was 29.25 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 27.34‐31.27) and 22.22 (95% CI = 20.57‐23.99)/100 000/year, respectively. SE lasted 30 minutes or longer in 250 (56%) episodes; age‐adjusted incidence was 15.95 (95% CI = 14.56‐17.45) SE episodes/100 000/year and 12.92 (95% CI = 11.67‐14.27) patients/100 000/year. Age‐adjusted incidence (10‐minute SE) was 25.54 (95% CI = 23.06‐28.24) patients/100 000/year for males and 19.07 (95% CI = 16.91‐21.46) patients/100 000/year for females. The age‐adjusted incidence of 10‐minute SE was higher in Māori (29.31 [95% CI = 23.52‐37.14]/100 000/year) and Pacific Islanders (26.55 [95% CI = 22.05‐31.99]/100 000/year) than in patients of European (19.13 [95% CI = 17.09‐21.37]/100 000/year) or Asian/other descent (17.76 [95% CI = 14.73‐21.38]/100 000/year). Seventeen of 367 patients in the study died within 30 days of the episode of SE; 30‐day mortality was 4.6%.SignificanceIn this population‐based study, incidence and mortality of SE in Auckland lie in the lower range when compared to North America and Europe. For pragmatic reasons, we only included convulsive SE if episodes lasted 10 minutes or longer, although the 2015 ILAE SE classification was otherwise practical and easy to use.
Equine cheek tooth extraction: Comparison of outcomes for five extraction methods
Authors: Caramello V. , Zarucco L. , Foster D. , Boston R. , Stefanovski D. , Orsini J. A. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundPost‐operative complications are reported for all methods of equine cheek tooth extraction but not all methods carry the same risks. An outcome comparison for commonly used methods is needed so that clinicians can make informed treatment decisions.ObjectivesWe conducted a side‐by‐side comparison of five cheek tooth extraction methods, comparing types and incidence of complications among oral extraction, tooth repulsion (three surgical approaches) and lateral buccotomy techniques.Study designRetrospective clinical study using hospital medical records.MethodsMedical records of all horses undergoing cheek tooth extraction between 1997 and 2013 were reviewed. Logistic regression was used to determine the likelihood of various post‐operative complications, comparing oral extraction, tooth repulsion by maxillary and mandibular trephination or maxillary sinus bone flap, and lateral buccotomy.ResultsThe study included 137 horses and 162 cheek teeth extractions. Oral extraction was successful in 71% of patients in which it was attempted. Oral extraction (n = 55) had the lowest incidence of complications (20%) and repulsion by sinus bone flap (n = 20) the highest (80%). Complication rates for repulsion by maxillary (n = 19) and mandibular trephination (n = 28), and extraction by lateral buccotomy (n = 15) were 42, 54 and 53%, respectively. Cheek tooth repulsion by sinus bone flap significantly increased the odds of damage to adjacent teeth, post‐operative sinusitis, damage to alveolar bone, delayed alveolar granulation and orosinus fistulation. Repulsion by maxillary trephination significantly increased the odds of superficial incisional surgical site infection; and extraction by lateral buccotomy significantly increased the odds of facial nerve neuropraxia. Post‐operative pyrexia was more common in all repulsion methods.Main limitationsSome clinically relevant differences may have been missed due to small group numbers in several categories.ConclusionsOral extraction was associated with fewer post‐operative complications than any other methods. Standing oral extraction remains the preferred choice, and recent surgical advances promise to further improve its success rate.
Cholesterol homeostasis: Links to hair follicle biology and hair disorders
Authors: Palmer Megan A. , Blakeborough Liam , Harries Matthew , Haslam Iain S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLipids and lipid metabolism are critical factors in hair follicle (HF) biology, and cholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair growth. Altered cholesterol homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of primary cicatricial alopecia, mutations in a cholesterol transporter are associated with congenital hypertrichosis, and dyslipidaemia has been linked to androgenic alopecia. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol influences pathways involved in proliferation and differentiation within HF cell populations remain largely unknown. As such, expanding our knowledge of the role for cholesterol in regulating these processes is likely to provide new leads in the development of treatments for disorders of hair growth and cycling. This review describes the current state of knowledge with respect to cholesterol homeostasis in the HF along with known and putative links to hair pathologies.
Humanized mice in cutaneous leishmaniasis—Suitability analysis of human PBMC transfer into immunodeficient mice
Authors: Fischer Michael R. , Schermann Anja I. , Twelkmeyer Trix , Lorenz Beate , Wegner Joanna , Jonuleit Helmut , von Stebut Esther 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHumanized mice represent a suitable preclinical test system for example therapeutic interventions in various disease settings, including infections. Here, we intended to establish such system for cutaneous leishmaniasis by infecting T, B and NK cell‐deficient mice adoptively transferred with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). L major infection led to the establishment of parasite lesions harbouring viable parasites and human T cells, but parasite elimination was not seen due to a species‐specific activity of T cell‐derived human IFNγ. In addition, up to 50% of infected mice succumbed to severe graft‐versus‐host disease. In summary, even though long‐term disease outcome assessments are impossible, this model of humanized mice can be used for studying lesion development and generation of oligoclonal anti‐parasite human T cell responses in vivo.
Inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinase activity exacerbates H2O2‐induced DNA damage in Kindler syndrome keratinocytes
Authors: Emmert Hila , Culley Jayne , Brunton Valerie G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKindler syndrome (KS) is an autosomal recessive skin disorder characterized by skin blistering and photosensitivity. KS is caused by loss of function mutations in FERMT1, which encodes Kindlin‐1. Kindlin‐1 is a FERM domain containing adaptor protein that is found predominantly at cell‐extracellular matrix adhesions where it binds to integrin β subunits and is required for efficient integrin activation. Using keratinocytes derived from a patient with KS, into which wild‐type Kindlin‐1 (Kin1WT) has been expressed, we show that Kindlin‐1 binds to cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)1 and CDK2. CDK1 and CDK2 are key regulators of cell cycle progression, however, cell cycle analysis showed only small differences between the KS and KS‐Kin1WT keratinocytes. In contrast, G2/M cell cycle arrest in response to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was enhanced in KS keratinocytes but not KS‐Kin1WT cells, following inhibition of CDK activity. Furthermore, KS keratinocytes were more sensitive to DNA damage in response to H2O2 and this was exacerbated by treatment with the CDK inhibitor roscovitine. Thus, in Kindlin‐1 deficient keratinocytes, CDK activity can further regulate oxidative damage induced cell cycle arrest and DNA damage. This provides further insight into the key pathways that control sensitivity to oxidative stress in KS patients.
Determining long‐term changes in a skate assemblage with aggregated landings and limited species data
Authors: Marandel Florianne , Lorance Pascal , Trenkel Verena M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSustainable fisheries management requires assessment of exploited populations and communities. Traditional fisheries stock assessment methods need species‐specific input data, which for skates have only recently become available in Europe. To overcome this limitation, a Bayesian multispecies biomass production model was developed. In addition to aggregated landings, input data are short time series with species‐specific information (landings and biomass indices). Applying the approach to four main skate species and a group of two skate species, all managed together in the Bay of Biscay (Northeast Atlantic), long‐term changes in the skate assemblage composition were identified. Since the 1990s, Leucoraja naevus became increasingly dominant, while the contributions of the other three species (Raja brachyura, Raja clavata and Raja montagui) declined. The abundance of the grouped Leucoraja fullonica and L. circularis has also strongly decreased, suggesting long‐term overexploitation. All species except this species group are expected to increase over the next decade under current harvest rates. Currently, the species considered here are managed under a single fishing quota making it unlikely that the group of the two most depleted species will recover soon. The multispecies modelling approach bears promise for other harvested assemblages for which only grouped harvest information is available for certain periods.
Project level assessment of indirect land use changes arising from biofuel production
Authors: Di Lucia Lorenzo , Sevigné‐Itoiz Eva , Peterson Steve , Bauen Ausilio , Slade Raphael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe use of land resources has a strong influence on the sustainability of biofuel production. An assessment of both direct and indirect changes in land use is necessary if an accurate assessment of sustainability is to be made. An increasing number of studies have developed approaches to estimate the Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) impacts of biofuels at global, national or regional level, but assessing ILUC remains a challenging task and estimates vary widely. In this study, we suggest that a socially motivated, project level approach can provide robust insight into the conditions affecting land use change dynamics. We developed a causal‐descriptive approach named ILUC Project ASsessment Tool (ILUC PAST) for project level assessment of ILUC. It uses a tiered multitool analysis—from local to global—combined with extensive stakeholder engagement. A real‐world project for the production of cellulosic ethanol in Sardinia (Italy) was used to evaluate the tool and benchmark the results against two alternatives for project level assessment: the ‘Low Indirect Impact Biofuel’ methodology and the ‘iLUC Club’ method. The results of the case study of advanced biofuels suggest that the quantitative estimates of ILUC combined with the in‐depth understanding of the cause‐and‐effect dynamics provided by ILUC PAST are sufficiently credible, salient and legitimate to support project level and local decision‐making.
Low hemoglobin A1c and low body mass index are associated with dementia and activities of daily living disability among Japanese nursing home residents with diabetes
Authors: Hatano Yu , Araki Atsushi , Matsumoto Masatoshi , Ishibashi Shun 
Published: July 2019

AimTo investigate associations between glycemic control and dementia, activities of daily living (ADL), falls and fractures in Japanese older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in nursing homes.MethodsA total of 384 older residents with diabetes aged ≥65 years from 95 out of 132 facilities in Hiroshima Prefecture were studied in a cross‐sectional study in 2016. Primary outcomes were differences in severity of dementia and ADL among three glycosylated hemoglobin level groups. Secondary end‐points included differences in falls, fragility fracture and severe hypoglycemia.ResultsApproximately 67.6% of patients receiving any diabetes treatment received dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, and 26.0% received sulfonylureas. Patients with glycosylated hemoglobin <7.0% had a significantly higher severity of dementia compared with those with glycosylated hemoglobin 7.0–7.9% (beta ± SE, 0.55 ± 0.26; 95% CI 0.04–1.06) in multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis. This tendency was observed particularly in patients using insulin (1.91 ± 0.91; 95% CI 0.13–3.69) or both sulfonylureas and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (2.14 ± 0.88; 95% CI 0.41–3.87). Low body mass index was significantly associated with dementia (−0.08 ± 0.03; 95% CI −0.14 – −0.03) and ADL impairment (−0.15 ± 0.03; 95% CI −0.20 – −0.09), and fractures (odds ratio OR 0.89 per kg/m2; 95% CI 0.84–0.96).ConclusionsTight glycemic control was related to dementia in residents treated with insulin and sulfonylureas, and low body mass index was associated with dementia, ADL disability and fractures. Optimization of glycemic control and weight for people with diabetes in long‐term care facilities could be important for the maintenance of cognitive and physical function. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 854–860.