bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR‐186 inhibits proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells by targeting Twist1
Authors: Sun Wen‐juan , Zhang Ya‐na , Xue Peng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveBreast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy in women worldwide. Our study aimed to investigate the expression and biological effect of miR‐186 in BC.MethodsExpression of miR‐186 was determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Kaplan‐Meier curves were calculated for the survival data analysis. Functional assays were performed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and wound healing assay. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot.ResultsmiR‐186 was downregulated in BC tissues and cells. Downregulation of miR‐186 was associated with tumor metastasis and a poor overall survival in patients with BC. Overexpression of miR‐186 inhibited BC cells proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process; while suppression of miR‐186 exhibited an opposite effects on BC cells. In addition, Twist1 was identified as a direct target of miR‐186 in BC and restoration of Twist1 attenuated the biological effect of miR‐186 on BC cells.ConclusionOur findings suggest that miR‐186 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting Twist1 in BC. miR‐186 may serve as a novel biomarker in BC diagnosis or a new therapeutic target in BC treatment.
From avatars to body swapping: The use of virtual reality for assessing and treating body‐size distortion in individuals with anorexia
Authors: Serino Silvia , Polli Nicoletta , Riva Giuseppe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the last 30 years, virtual reality (VR) has offered innovative solutions for assessing and treating body representation disturbances in anorexia nervosa (AN). The most recent and innovative trend is the exploitation of the so‐called VR‐based body swapping illusion. The aim of this case study was to report the use of this VR protocol within a multidisciplinary treatment of AN. A patient with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual‐5 diagnosis of AN underwent an intensive multidisciplinary outpatient treatment. Three sessions of a VR‐based body swapping illusion (i.e., the experimental induction of being the owner of a virtual body as a result of a visuotactile stimulation) were delivered within the treatment protocol (i.e., beginning of the treatment; end of one cycle of the treatment; 1 year of follow‐up). We report the results obtained, discussing how the VR full body illusion was both able to effectively monitor changes of multisensory bodily integration and to act as a driver for these changes.
MicroRNA‐212 promotes the recovery function and vascular regeneration of endothelial progenitor cells in mice with ischemic stroke through inactivation of the notch signaling pathway via downregulating MMP9 expression
Authors: Hu Chen , Dong Zhi‐Ling 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIschemic stroke is a refractory disease caused by cerebral ischemic injury, which results in brain dysfunction. This study intends to investigate the effects of microRNA‐212 (miR‐212) on the recovery function and vascular regeneration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by inactivation of the Notch signaling pathway by binding to matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) in mice with ischemic stroke. According to the results of database retrieval systems and data analysis, MMP9 was predicted as a gene related to ischemic stroke and miR‐212 is a potential regulating mRNA of MMP9. All 72 healthy adult C57BL6 mice were selected for middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) establishment. Cerebral infarction was observed under triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. A series of inhibitors, activators, and siRNAs were introduced to the verified regulatory functions for miR‐212 governing MMP9 in ischemic stroke. Cell proliferation was detected by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and tube‐forming ability by tubule formation test. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expressions of miR‐212, MMP9, Hes‐1, and Notch‐1. The corresponding results demonstrated that the area of cerebral infarction and the number of neuronal necrosis increased in the MCAO group in contrast to the sham group. Meanwhile, upregulation of miR‐212 or downregulation of MMP9 decreases the expressions of MMP9, Hes‐1 Notch‐1, increases cell proliferation and tube‐forming ability and improves the pathological conditions of EPCs. Our study suggests that miR‐212 promotes recovery function and vascular regeneration of EPCs through negative regulation of the Notch signaling pathway via downregulating expression of MMP9, thus provides a clinical theoretical basis for ischemic stroke therapy.
Intertidal regions changing coastal alkalinity: The Wadden Sea‐North Sea tidally coupled bioreactor
Authors: Voynova Yoana G. , Petersen Wilhelm , Gehrung Martina , Aßmann Steffen , King Andrew L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, we successfully implemented a total alkalinity (TA) analyzer in a flow‐through setup, in combination with a FerryBox. The high‐frequency (10 min) measurements along our ship's route revealed that in coastal systems, where carbon fluxes are dynamic, TA can differ significantly (by up to 100 μmol kg−1) between the nearshore and adjacent coastal regions. Even though this study could not account for the net yearly TA production in the coastal region, it demonstrated that there was a seasonal increase in TA of 100–150 μmol kg−1 in coastal waters of the North Sea, equivalent to TA production of 11.7–26.8 mmol m−2 d−1 during the spring and summer months. This seasonal change could not be accounted for by riverine contributions, but instead was probably related to seasonal organic matter production and processing in coastal and nearshore regions. Bottom sediments and the tidally coupled biogeochemical reactor between coastal (North Sea) and nearshore (Wadden Sea) regions are mediating this TA change, and the ~ 4 months lag between the seasonal increase in alkalinity and the peak organic matter production could be explained by the supply of (labile) organic matter and its temperature‐dependent remineralization via both aerobic and anaerobic pathways.
Adjustment ability and associated factors of outpatients living with cancer
Authors: Hirokawa Keiko , Suzuki Shizue 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo clarify the adjustment ability of outpatients with cancer, associated factors and the relationship between adjustment ability and associated factors.DesignQuantitative study.MethodsAnonymous self‐reported questionnaire (adjustment ability scale of outpatients with cancer) responses, patient background information and possible associated factors were collected from 369 cancer outpatients.ResultsThe mean ± SD adjustment ability score was 110.5 ± 27.2. Several factors were associated with adjustment ability. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐General Scale, used to measure quality of life (QOL), was significantly higher in people with an adjustment ability score >95. The factor that was most related to the adjustment ability score was how people think about asking for support from others. The adjustment ability was higher among people who thought, “I should be supported by others for the things I cannot do by myself”.
Effectiveness of a theory‐based sun‐safe randomised behavioural change trial among Australian adolescents
Authors: White Katherine M. , Zhao Xiang , Starfelt Sutton Louise C. , Young Ross McD , Hamilton Kyra , Hawkes Anna L. , Leske Stuart 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveSun safety is crucial for preventing skin cancer. This study evaluated a school‐based intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), which aimed to encourage sun‐protective behaviour among adolescents.MethodsSecondary school students (N = 382; 61.1% female; Mage = 13.73 y) in Queensland, Australia, participated in the study. Schools were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. The intervention focussed on fostering positive attitudes, increasing perceptions of normative support, and strengthening control perceptions. Participants completed questionnaires assessing the TPB variables and sun‐protective behaviour (weekday and weekend) 1 week before intervention (time 1), 1 week after intervention (time 2), and 4 weeks after intervention (time 3).ResultsWith baseline between‐group differences in TPB variables matched, repeated‐measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to evaluate the Time × Condition effects across time. Multigroup comparisons using path models traced the intervariable changes. From times 1 to 3, a significant improvement in weekend sun‐protective behaviour was identified in the intervention group (but not the control group), whereas cognitions showed no significant changes across time for either conditions. Multigroup comparisons on path coefficients between the intervention and control group participants indicated that the intervention group members formed stronger positive associations between perceived behavioural control and intention at time 2 and between perceived control and behaviour at time 3.ConclusionThe significant behavioural change on weekends highlights the value of targeting control perceptions, which may encourage adolescents' sun‐protective behaviour. Further studies are needed to understand the absence of significant changes in weekday sun‐safe behaviour among this at‐risk cohort.
Applying actor–network theory to identify factors contributing to nonpersistence of African American students in STEM majors
Authors: Green André M. , Brand Brenda R. , Glasson George E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAfrican American undergraduates’ decision to change from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors while enrolled at a predominantly White university was the focus of this study. Through open‐ended interviews, the students discussed circumstances leading to their nonpersistence. Commonly published reports on the lower percentages of graduates from this demographic, while useful, do not provide a comprehensive view of this underperformance. Therefore, it is necessary to divulge the experiences of the individuals accounted for in these statistics, requiring a methodological approach that captures and reports experiences from individuals’ vantage points. Actor–network theory (ANT) is a framework encouraging an understanding of the human experience through an identification of the complex networks and associated power dynamics that sustain and legitimize the systems in which they operate. According to ANT, individual's potential for achievement is directly related to their ability to successfully engage key actors, as well as successfully navigate the codes and structures that control access to power. Thus, ANT was used to examine the students’ experiences. Evidenced in their discussions were unresolved feelings around weak relations with faculty and peers, as well as being viewed through deficit models. These findings could be useful for interpreting the statistics representing the lower percentages of African American students in STEM.
Improved cell growth and biosynthesis of glycolic acid by overexpression of membrane-bound pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase
Authors: Cabulong Rhudith B , Valdehuesa Kris Niño G , Bañares Angelo B , Ramos Kristine Rose M , Nisola Grace M , Lee Won-Keun , Chung Wook-Jin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The non-conventional d-xylose metabolism called the Dahms pathway which only requires the expression of at least three enzymes to produce pyruvate and glycolaldehyde has been previously engineered in Escherichia coli. Strains that rely on this pathway exhibit lower growth rates which were initially attributed to the perturbed redox homeostasis as evidenced by the lower intracellular NADPH concentrations during exponential growth phase. NADPH-regenerating systems were then tested to restore the redox homeostasis. The membrane-bound pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase, PntAB, was overexpressed and resulted to a significant increase in biomass and glycolic acid titer and yield. Furthermore, expression of PntAB in an optimized glycolic acid-producing strain improved the growth and product titer significantly. This work demonstrated that compensating for the NADPH demand can be achieved by overexpression of PntAB in E. coli strains assimilating d-xylose through the Dahms pathway. Consequently, increase in biomass accumulation and product concentration was also observed.
Behavioral, cognitive and histological changes following neonatal anoxia: Male and female rats' differences at adolescent age
Authors: Kumar Amrita Jha , Motta‐Teixeira Lívia Clemente , Takada Silvia Honda , Yonamine‐Lee Vitor , Machado‐Nils Aline Vilar , Xavier Gilberto Fernando , Nogueira Maria Inês 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeonatal anoxia induces long‐term brain injury that may underlie neurobehavioral deficits at adolescence. Neonatal anoxia, induced by exposure of 30‐hour old pups to 100% nitrogen, represents a non‐invasive and global stimulus, which simulates clinical conditions of human pre‐term babies (around 6 gestational months). Previous studies showed that neonatal anoxia induced impairments of spatial memory and altered anxiety‐like behaviors in male rats tested at adult age. This study evaluated if neonatal anoxia induces similar behavioral effects in female rats, as compared to males, by testing the animals at adolescence, and also searched for possible cell losses in hippocampal subfields. Results in the Elevated Plus Maze test showed that anoxic females spent proportionally more time within the open arms as compared to anoxic males, suggesting a less anxious‐like behavior. In the Morris Water Maze Test, latencies and path lengths of the anoxic subjects were longer as compared to control subjects, thus indicating that anoxia disrupted the cognitive functions required for spatial mapping. In addition, results showed that anoxia‐induced disruption was greater in male rats as compared to female rats. Stereological analysis revealed that anoxic male rats exhibited significant cell losses in the dorsal hippocampus dentate gyrus and CA1 subfields, but not in CA3‐2 subfield. Similar results were observed in the ventral hippocampus, but now with cell loss in the male CA3‐2 subfield. There were also significant cell loss differences of anoxic male rats as compared to anoxic female rats. In conclusion, neonatal anoxia induces deleterious and long lasting behavioral and cognitive disruptions, and these effects were stronger in male rats as compared to female rats. These changes are congruent with the pattern of cell losses observed in hippocampal subfields. Together, these results emphasize the relevance of scientific research, aiming at clinical strategies and treatments, consider the sex differential patterns of response to neonatal injury.
Evidence of Magnetic Nulls in Electron Diffusion Region
Authors: Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Cao D. , Wang Z. , Vaivads A. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Burch J. L. , Huang S. Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTheoretically, magnetic reconnection—the process responsible for solar flares and magnetospheric substorms—occurs at the X‐line or radial null in the electron diffusion region (EDR). However, whether this theory is correct is unknown, because the radial null (X‐line) has never been observed inside the EDR due to the lack of efficient techniques and the scarcity of EDR measurements. Here we report such evidence, using data from the recent MMS mission and the newly developed First‐Order Taylor Expansion (FOTE) Expansion technique. We investigate 12 EDR candidates at the Earth's magnetopause and find radial nulls (X‐lines) in all of them. In some events, spacecraft are only 3 km (one electron inertial length) away from the null. We reconstruct the magnetic topology of these nulls and find it agrees well with theoretical models. These nulls, as reconstructed for the first time inside the EDR by the FOTE technique, indicate that the EDR is active and the reconnection process is ongoing.
The Effect of Fast Normal Mode Structure and Magnetopause Forcing on FLRs in a 3‐D Waveguide
Authors: Elsden T. , Wright A. N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the excitation of waveguide modes in a nonuniform dipole equilibrium and, further, their coupling to field line resonances (FLRs). Waveguide modes are fast compressional ultralow frequency (ULF) waves, whose structure depends upon the magnetospheric equilibrium and the solar wind driving conditions. Using magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we consider how the structure of the excited waveguide mode is affected by various forms of magnetopause driving. We find that the waveguide supports a set of normal modes that are determined by the equilibrium. However, the particular normal modes that are excited are determined by the structure of the magnetopause driver. A full understanding of the spatial structure of the normal modes is required in order to predict where coupling to FLRs will occur. We show that symmetric pressure driving about the noon meridian can excite normal modes which remain around to drive resonances for longer than antisymmetric driving. Further, the critical quantity in terms of efficient coupling is the magnetic pressure gradient aligned with the resonance.
Short‐Term Impacts of the Megaurbanizations of New Delhi and Los Angeles Between 2000 and 2009
Authors: Jacobson Mark Z. , Nghiem Son V. , Sorichetta Alessandro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUrban areas are expanding worldwide due to increasing population, standard of living, and migration from rural areas. This study uses satellite and road data to quantify the urbanization of two megacities, New Delhi and Los Angeles, between 2000 and 2009. It then estimates, with a three‐dimensional nested global‐through‐urban climate, weather, and air pollution model, Gas, Aerosol, Transport, Radiation, General Circulation, Mesoscale, and Ocean Model, the short‐term atmospheric impacts of such urbanization alone. The simulations account for changes in meteorologically driven natural emissions, but not anthropogenic emissions, between 2000 and 2009. New Delhi's urban extent, defined based on the physical existence of its built structures and the transitional gradient from buildings to rural areas rather than on abrupt administrative borders, increased by ~80% and Los Angeles's by ~22.5% between 2000 and 2009. New Delhi experienced a larger increase in its urban extent relative to its population during this period than did Los Angeles. In both megacities, urbanization increased surface roughness, increasing shearing stress and vertical turbulent kinetic energy, decreasing near‐surface and boundary layer wind speed, contributing to higher column pollution levels. Urbanization may also have increased downward solar plus thermal infrared radiation fluxes to the ground and consequently upward latent and sensible heat fluxes from the ground to the air, increasing near‐surface air temperatures. As such, urbanization alone may have had notable impacts on both meteorology and air quality.
Upscaling of Mixing‐Limited Bimolecular Chemical Reactions in Poiseuille Flow
Authors: Perez Lazaro J. , Hidalgo Juan J. , Dentz Marco 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe consider the fast irreversible bimolecular chemical reaction
in the Poiseuille flow through a channel, in which A displaces B. This system allows to systematically study the impact of the interaction of interface deformation and diffusion on mixing and reactive transport. At early times, the reaction is diffusion controlled. With increasing time, advection begins to dominate and we find enhanced reaction efficiency due to the deformation of the interface between the two reactants. For times larger than the characteristic diffusion time across the channel, mixing and reaction are quantified by the Taylor dispersion coefficient. Predictions based on Taylor dispersion may significantly overestimate the reaction efficiency at preasymptotic times, when the system is characterized by incomplete mixing. This type of behaviors of incomplete mixing and reaction have been observed in heterogeneous systems across different scales. Channel flow allows to study them in detail for a well‐controlled system. We propose a dispersive lamella approach based on the concept of effective dispersion which accurately predicts the full evolution of the product mass. Specifically, this approach captures the impact of interface deformation and diffusive coalescence, which marks the transition to the Taylor regime. It gives insight into the mechanism of incomplete mixing and its consequences for reactive transport in more general porous media flows.
Influence of the typical vegetation ashes/particles on discharge characteristics of conductor‐plane air gap
Authors: Huang Daochun , Lu Wei , Long Mingyang , Li Peng 
Published: December 2018

The frequent forest fires become a serious threat to the performance of transmission lines’ external insulation, and large quantities of smoke (carbon black) and flying ashes are produced during the combustion of vegetation, reducing the dielectric strength of the air gap drastically. In order to study the effect of the typical vegetation ashes on the discharge characteristics of conductor‐plane air gap, experimental studies were carried out with vegetation fire simulation test platform in this study, and typical vegetation ashes of thatch, straw and fir branch were collected. The simulation model was built to analyse the influence mechanism of multiple particles on the breakdown characteristics. It shows that the existence of particles make the electric field distribution between conductor and plane non‐uniform, the maximum electric field strength near the elongated particle is 10.2 times as much as the background electric field, and the maximum electric field strength of the gap increases by about 55.7%, when the length of the elongated particle changing from 15 to 25 mm; the particle with larger relative dielectric constant and smaller distance from the simulation conductor, has the greater electric field distortion degree.
Research on a novel STATCOM based on hybrid cascaded multi‐level converter and its coordination control strategy
Authors: Du Yi , Hu Pengfei , Deng Junpeng , Lin Hongyang , Li Meng 
Published: December 2018

A novel static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) based on hybrid cascaded multi‐level converter (HCMC) is presented in this study, i.e HCMC‐STATCOM, which combines the advantages of the traditional two‐level converter and cascaded H‐bridge converter. However, the topology and control system are relatively complex. It is difficult to coordinate the two key parts in steady operation. This study firstly introduces topology and working principle of the HCMC‐STATCOM. Moreover then, the DC voltage of the two‐level converter and the number of H‐bridge sub‐modules in WSC are optimised. In order to achieve the coordinated control of two key parts, a control strategy is proposed to achieve the coordination and synchronisation between the two parts of the HCMC‐STATCOM. Finally the 35 kV/ ± 100 Mvar HCMC‐STATCOM simulation model is built by using power systems computer aided design/electromagnetic transients including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC), the results show that the effectiveness of the coordinated control strategy and the accuracy of the theoretical analysis.