bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dehydration improves biomechanical strength of bioartificial vascular graft material and allows its long-term storage
Authors: Aper Thomas , Wilhelmi Mathias , Boer Ulrike , Lau Skadi , Benecke Nils , Hilfiker Andres , Haverich Axel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe have recently reported about a novel technique for the generation of bioartificial vascular grafts based on the use of a compacted fibrin matrix. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a dehydration process on the biomechanical properties of compacted fibrin tubes and whether it allows for their long-term storage.Materials and methodsFibrin was precipitated from fresh frozen plasma by means of cryoprecipitation and simultaneously with a thrombin solution applied in a high-speed rotating casting mold. Subsequent dehydration of the fibrin tubes (29/38) was performed in dry air with a dilator inside the tube to prevent the collapse of the lumen. Dehydrated fibrin tubes were stored for six (n=9) and 12 months (n=10) at room temperature. Comparative analysis was done on initially generated and dehydrated fibrin tubes before and after storage to evaluate the effects of the dehydration process and storage on the biomechanical properties and structure of the tubes.ResultsThirty-eight fibrin tubes were generated by high-speed rotation-molding from 142±3 mg fibrinogen with an inner diameter of 5.8±0.1 mm and a length of 100 mm. A centrifugal force of nearly 900×gcompacted applied fibrin, while fluid was pressed out of the matrix and drained from the mold via holes resulting in a 16-fold compaction of the fibrin matrix. Dehydration was characterized by shrinkage of the tubes to a diameter of 3.2±0.2 mm, while the length remained at 100 mm equivalent to a further two-fold compaction. The biomechanical strength of the dehydrated fibrin tubes significantly increased to values comparable to that of native ovine carotid arteries and maintained during the first 6 months of storage. After 12 months of storage, only five of 10 tubes were intact, and only one showed maintained biomechanical strength.DiscussionCompaction of a fibrin matrix in high-speed rotation-moulding and subsequent dehydration enables for the construction of small-caliber fibrin grafts. Over and above, the dehydration process allows their storage and stockpiling as a prerequisite for clinical use.
Classification of Masses in Digital Mammograms Using the Genetic Ensemble Method
Authors: Thawkar Shankar , Ingolikar Ranjana 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
All over the world, breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women above 40 years of age. To design an efficient classification system for breast cancer diagnosis, one has to use efficient algorithms for feature selection to reduce the feature space of mammogram classification. The current work investigates the use of hybrid genetic ensemble method for feature selection and classification of masses. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select a subset of features and to evaluate the fitness of the selected features, Adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) and Random Forest (RF) ensembles with 10-fold cross-validation are employed. The selected features are used to classify masses into benign or malignant using AdaBoost, RF, and single Decision Tree (DT) classifiers. The performance evaluation of classifiers indicates that AdaBoost outperforms both RF and single DT classifiers. AdaBoost achieves an accuracy of 96.15%, with 97.32% sensitivity, 95.90% specificity, and area under curve of AZ = 0.982 ± 0.004. The results obtained with the proposed method are better when compared with extant research work.
Detection of CagA, VacA, IceA1 and IceA2 virulent genes in Helicobacter pylori isolated from gastric ulcer patients
Authors: Fan Lijuan , Li Ran , Li Hongyun , Zhang Jian , Wang Lingyun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori including cagA, vacA, iceA and their association with clinical manifestation varied widely with different subpopulations. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of cagA, iceA1, iceA2, vacA, vacA s1/s2, vacA m1/m2, Western type cagA and East Asian type cagA virulence genes in H. pylori isolated from gastric ulcer patients and evaluate the association of these genes with gender, age, smoking and alcohol consumption.

Methods
Gastric biopsy samples from 172 patients were collected. H. pylori virulence genes, cagA, vacA, iceA1, iceA2, vacA s1/s2, vacA m1/m2, Western type cagA and East Asian type cagA were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results
Of the gastric biopsy samples collected, 48.3% of samples grew H. pylori. The vacA (68.7%) was the predominant virulence gene detected and associated with male patients and patients within the age group of 31–40 years. The cagA was the second most common gene detected and significantly associated with alcoholic patients.

Conclusions
H. pylori infection rate was 48.3% and was associated with patients who were smokers or had a history of smoking. The majority of our isolates were positive for any one of the virulence genes tested indicating that these isolates were highly virulent in nature.
Understanding the contribution of energy and angular distribution in the morphology of thin films using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Bouazza Abdelkader , Settaouti Abderrahmane 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The energy and the angular distribution of atoms are considered like two parameters most influent in the optimization of the sputtering and subsequently on the deposit, resulting in films having the desired properties (homogeneity in thickness, composition identical to that of the evaporated material). Moreover, a great influence on the shape and quality of thin films is obtained. In this work, a simulation with a Monte Carlo (MC) method is used to calculate the sputtering yield for different energies and angular distributions of atoms of metals (Cu, Al and Ag) and semiconductors (Ge, Si and Te) bombarded by different gas particles (Ar, Xe and Ne). Our results showed that when arriving at a certain energy value

E
max

E_{\rm max}

, sputtering yield will be in maximum

Y
⁢

1
max

Y1_{\rm max}

. Applying this

E
max

E_{\rm max}

and with variation in the angular distribution, we will obtain

θ
max

\theta_{\rm max}

corresponding to the maximum of sputtering yield

Y
⁢

2
max

Y2_{\rm max}

. These two values (

E
max

E_{\rm max}

,

θ
max

\theta_{\rm max}

) give the maximum of atoms sputtered and as a result, the films will be uniform. The obtained results are in very high agreement with other works, which validates our calculations.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine, C17H13BrN2
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Zhong-Yan , Yuan Xian-You , Yuan Lin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C17H13BrN2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 9.995(4) Å, b = 13.845(5) Å, c = 20.213(7) Å, V = 2797.2(18) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0304, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0784, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of (5-ethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol, C14H20O4
Authors: Yuan Xian-You , Yuan Lin , Zhang Min , Li Zhong-Yan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C14H20O4, triclinic, P1̄, a = 6.1028(13) Å, b = 10.885(2) Å, c = 20.737(4) Å, α = 100.673(2)°, β = 92.465(2)°, γ = 98.973(2)°, V = 1333.5(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0431, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1225, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of 1-((5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methyl)-1,3-diphenylurea, C24H21ClN4O
Authors: Zhang Xing-Tao , Wang Hai-Chao , Wang Teng , Liu Chao 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C24H21ClN4O, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.2630(11) Å, b = 17.8954(16) Å, c = 12.3517(14) Å, β = 102.510(11)°, V = 2214.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0569, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1617, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ2-5-(tert-butyl)isophthalato-κ4
O,O′:O′′,O′′′)(-4′-(pyridin-4-yl)-2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine-κ3
N,N′,N′′)manganese(II)], C32H28N4O5Mn
Authors: Wang Yu-Fang , Wei Jing-Jing , Zhai Xiao-Hui 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
C32H28N4O5Mn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.777(3) Å, b = 30.975(11) Å, c = 10.229(4) Å, β = 105.412(7)°, V = 2680.9(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0448, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1136, T = 296(2) K.
99Mo/99mTc radioisotope generator based on adsorption of 99Mo (VI) on cerium (IV) molybdate column matrix
Authors: El-Said Hassan , Ramadan Hala , Abbas Mahmoud , El-Hashash Maher 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Based on neutron activated 99Mo, a procedure for preparation of 99Mo/99mTc radioisotope generator was developed. Batch equilibration method was used to investigate the sorption behavior of Mo (VI) (10−4 M) in chloride and nitrate solutions on cerium (IV) molybdate gel matrix using 99Mo radiotracer. The breakthrough sorption capacity of cerium molybdate gel matrix for 99Mo (VI) (3×10−2 M) were found to be 0.54 mmol/g of the sorbent [1 g column (0.6 cm i.d.)]. Elution performance of the generated 99mTc from cerium molybdate-99Mo chromatographic column was investigated as a function of inside diameter of the column, amount of the bed matrix and flow rate of the eluent. Based on the obtained results, 99Mo/99mTc radioisotope generator was prepared based on adsorption of neutron activated 99Mo (VI) of low specific activity onto chromatographic columns packed with 5 g cerium molybdate gel matrix. The radioactivity of 99mTc is periodically eluted with 10 mL 0.9% NaCl solution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Elution yield of 78±5% was obtained with high chemical, radionuclidic (99Mo breakthrough 1×10−3±0.3×10−3%) and radiochemical purity (97±2%).
Public and Private Provision of Railway Services: A Case Study from Slovakia
Authors: Jurikovič Martin , Tomeš Zdeněk 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article analyses a case study of passenger rail transport in Slovakia when operation of a commuter line to the capital city was changed from a public operator to a private one. This change brought about significant changes in the organisation of services. The private operator RegioJet introduced new rolling stock, a regular and more frequent timetable, peak and off-peak pricing, and additional on-board services. The results were remarkable, with passenger ridership increasing by 156% in 3 years. The article aims to compare the performance of public and private operators on this line in order to identify the reasons for the increased ridership. A customer survey was conducted and passengers were asked questions about their former and present travel behaviour. Based on data from the survey, a logit model was estimated in order to identify the factors behind increased usage and satisfaction. The results indicate that all passengers most highly valued the speed and comfort of the rail services. The new passengers valued highly reliability and quality of the improved service. These factors appealed especially to women, students, and car owners who were newly attracted to rail commuting.
Railway Finance in Europe
Authors: Nash Chris 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Governments make substantial contributions to the finance of railways in Europe. This paper first considers the possible justifications for subsidies – namely normalisation of accounts, public service obligations, economies of density, relief of externalities on other modes, wider economic benefits and option values. It then considers the alternative ways of giving subsidies in the form of contributions to infrastructure costs, investment grants and subsidies to services. It concludes that there are good reasons for subsidising railways – in particular a first best argument for subsidising infrastructure will usually exist and a failure to do so will lead to fewer services being operated than are economically justified – but there is a need to ensure subsidies are used efficiently. Ways of achieving this include the setting of clear objectives and financial constraints, decentralisation of decision taking to focussed sector management, regulation and benchmarking of infrastructure costs and the introduction of competition for and in the market. Together these should reduce or eliminate the link between subsidies and inefficiency observed in earlier times.
The Underappreciated Connection between Rail Restructuring Strategies and Financing
Authors: Pittman Russell 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The railways industry is a capital-intensive industry requiring very large initial and ongoing investment streams. Proposals to restructure the traditional state-owned monopoly railway in a particular country are often designed to address concerns not only regarding inefficient operations and monopoly stagnation but also the long-term unreliability of government financing, especially of the expensive infrastructure. In this regard, the connection between the particular rail restructuring strategy chosen by a country and the ability of the restructured entity to attract financing, especially private financing, merits a closer look.
Translating iconicities of classical Chinese poetry
Authors: Zhao Guangxu , Flotow Luise von 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the history of translating classical Chinese poetry, there are two kinds of translators. The first kind translate classical Chinese poetry “by way of intellectual, directional devices” (Yip, Wai-lim. 1969. Ezra Pound’s Cathay. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 16). What these translators are concerned with most is the coherence of their translations. They give little attention to the ideogrammic nature of Chinese characters. I call them traditional translators. These translators include those in the history of translating classical Chinese poetry from its beginning to the first decade of the twentieth century, although there are still some who translate classical Chinese poetry in this way later. The second kind of translator is highly interested in the images created by ideogrammic Chinese characters and tries to convey them in target language. We call them modernist translators. These translators are represented by some American modernist poets such as Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, Florence Ayscough, etc. From the point of view of iconicity, modernist translators’ contribution lies in their concern with the iconic characteristics of Chinese characters. But they did not give enough attention to syntactical iconicity and textual iconicity in classical Chinese poetry.
Motzkin’s Maximal Density and Related Chromatic Numbers
Authors: Srivastava Anshika , Pandey Ram Krishna , Prakash Om 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper concerns the problem of determining or estimating the maximal upper density of the sets of nonnegative integers S whose elements do not differ by an element of a given set M of positive integers. We find some exact values and some bounds for the maximal density when the elements of M are generalized Fibonacci numbers of odd order. The generalized Fibonacci sequence of order r is a generalization of the well known Fibonacci sequence, where instead of starting with two predetermined terms, we start with r predetermined terms and each term afterwards is the sum of r preceding terms. We also derive some new properties of the generalized Fibonacci sequence of order r. Furthermore, we discuss some related coloring parameters of distance graphs generated by the set M.
On the Discrepancy of Two Families of Permuted Van der Corput Sequences
Authors: Pausinger Florian , Topuzoğlu Alev 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA permuted van der Corput sequenceSbσ$S_b^\sigma$in basebis a one-dimensional, infinite sequence of real numbers in the interval [0, 1), generation of which involves a permutation σ of the set {0, 1,...,b −1}. These sequences are known to have low discrepancy DN, i.e.t(Sbσ):=lim supN→∞DN(Sbσ)/log N$t\left({S_b^\sigma } \right): = {\rm{lim}}\,{\rm{sup}}_{N \to \infty } D_N \left({S_b^\sigma } \right)/{\rm{log}}\,N$is finite. Restricting to prime basespwe present two families of generating permutations. We describe their elements as polynomials over finite fields 𝔽pin an explicit way. We use this characterization to obtain bounds fort(Spσ)$t\left({S_p^\sigma } \right)$for permutationsσin these families. We determine the best permutations in our first family and show that all permutations of the second family improve the distribution behavior of classical van der Corput sequences in the sense thatt(Spσ)<t(Spid)$t\left({S_p^\sigma } \right) < t\left({S_p^{id} } \right)$.
Metrical Star Discrepancy Bounds for Lacunary Subsequences of Digital Kronecker-Sequences and Polynomial Tractability
Authors: Neumüller Mario , Pillichshammer Friedrich 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The star discrepancy

D
N
*

(
𝒫
)

$D_N^* \left( {\cal P} \right)$

is a quantitative measure for the irregularity of distribution of a finite point set 𝒫 in the multi-dimensional unit cube which is intimately related to the integration error of quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms. It is known that for every integer N ≥ 2 there are point sets 𝒫 in [0, 1)
d
with |𝒫| = N and

D
N
*

(
𝒫
)

=
O

(

(

log

N

)

d
-
1

/
N

)

$D_N^* \left( {\cal P} \right) = O\left( {\left( {\log \,N} \right)^{d - 1} /N} \right)$

. However, for small N compared to the dimension d this asymptotically excellent bound is useless (e.g., for N ≤ ed
−1).
In 2001 it has been shown by Heinrich, Novak, Wasilkowski and Woźniakowski that for every integer N ≥ 2there exist point sets 𝒫 in [0, 1)
d
with |𝒫| = N and

D
N
*

(
𝒫
)

≤
C

d
/
N

$D_N^* \left( {\cal P} \right) \le C\sqrt {d/N}$

. Although not optimal in an asymptotic sense in N, this upper bound has a much better (and even optimal) dependence on the dimension d.
Unfortunately the result by Heinrich et al. and also later variants thereof by other authors are pure existence results and until now no explicit construction of point sets with the above properties is known. Quite recently Löbbe studied lacunary subsequences of Kronecker’s (n
α)-sequence and showed a metrical discrepancy bound of the form

C

d

(

log

d

)

/
N

$C\sqrt {d\left({\log \,d} \right)/N}$

with implied absolute constant C> 0 independent of N and d.
In this paper we show a corresponding result for digital Kronecker sequences, which are a non-archimedean analog of classical Kronecker sequences.
An Extension of the Digital Method Based on b-Adic Integers
Authors: Hofer Roswitha , Pirsic Ísabel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We introduce a hybridization of digital sequences with uniformly distributed sequences in the domain of b-adic integers, ℤb,b ∈ℕ \ {1}, by using such sequences as input for generating matrices. The generating matrices are then naturally required to have finite row-lengths. We exhibit some relations of the ‘classical’ digital method to our extended version, and also give several examples of new constructions with their respective quality assessments in terms of t, T and discrepancy.
Weak Universality Theorem on the Approximation of Analytic Functions by Shifts of the Riemann Zeta-Function from a Beatty Sequence
Authors: Sourmelidis Athanasios 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a discrete analogue of Voronin’s early finite-dimensional approximation result with respect to terms from a given Beatty sequence and make use of Taylor approximation in order to derive a weak universality statement.
Highly effectual synthesis of 4,6-diarylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones using N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediaminium-N,N′-disulfonic acid hydrogen sulfate as a dual-functional catalyst
Authors: Khanivar Roghayyeh , Zare Abdolkarim 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The highly effectual synthesis of 4,6-diarylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones via the one-pot multicomponent reaction of acetophenones with arylaldehydes and urea in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride and a catalytic amount of the ionic liquid N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediaminium-N,N′-disulfonic acid hydrogen sulfate ([TMEDSA][HSO4]2) under solvent-free conditions has been described. The reaction results and conditions of the catalytic system have been compared with previously reported catalysts. [TMEDSA][HSO4]2 afforded better results in comparison with the reported catalysts in terms of one or more of these factors: yield, temperature, the reaction media, time, and generality. Moreover, a plausible reaction mechanism based on dual functionality of the catalyst has been proposed.
Sensory Adaptation to Chemical Cues by Vomeronasal Sensory Neurons
Authors: Wong Wen Mai , Nagel Maximilian , Hernandez-Clavijo Andres , Pifferi Simone , Menini Anna , Spehr Marc , Meeks Julian P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSensory adaptation is a source of experience-dependent feedback that impacts responses to environmental cues. In the mammalian main olfactory system (MOS), adaptation influences sensory coding at its earliest processing stages. Sensory adaptation in the accessory olfactory system (AOS) remains incompletely explored, leaving many aspects of the phenomenon unclear. We investigated sensory adaptation in vomeronasal sensory neurons (VSNs) using a combination ofin situCa2+imaging and electrophysiology. Parallel studies revealed prominent short-term sensory adaptation in VSNs upon repeated stimulation with mouse urine and monomolecular bile acid ligands at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) less than 30 s. In such conditions, Ca2+signals and spike rates were often reduced by more than 50%, leading to dramatically reduced chemosensory sensitivity. Short-term adaptation was reversible over the course of minutes. Population Ca2+imaging experiments revealed the presence of a slower form of VSN adaptation that accumulated over dozens of stimulus presentations delivered over tens of minutes. Most VSNs showed strong adaptation, but in a substantial VSN subpopulation adaptation was diminished or absent. Investigation of same- and opposite-sex urine responses in male and female VSNs revealed that adaptation to same-sex cues occurred at ISIs up to 180 s, conditions that did not induce adaptation to opposite-sex cues. This result suggests that VSN sensory adaptation can be modulated by sensory experience. These studies comprehensively establish the presence of VSN sensory adaptation and provide a foundation for future inquiries into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this phenomenon and its impact on mammalian behavior.
Perspectivas y retos de la mujer guanacasteca: un análisis reflexivo desde la obra literaria de Joaquín García Monge
Authors: Cubero Vásquez Karol , Villanueva Monge Lucía 
Published: July 2018

El propósito fundamental de la presente comunicación es promover un diálogo sobre el rol de la mujer en la obra literaria de Joaquín García Monge (1881-1958) y su reflejo en la sociedad de Guanacaste de ayer y de hoy. En esta obra, se encuentran referentes claves implícitos en la vida de los personajes femeninos de García Monge y sus vivencias, permitiendo así establecer un análisis descriptivo y comparativo con el rol de la mujer en la sociedad guanacasteca. En los relatos de Joaquín García Monge, se nos invita a viajar al pasado y ser cómplices de acontecimientos vividos por mujeres que evocan estilos de vida, prejuicios y estereotipos muy latentes hoy para, de esta manera, enlazar el pasado con el presente y valorar el futuro desde esta concepción. Esta reflexión se une a la lucha por la igualdad de género y destaca los avances logrados y los desafíos por resolver según la voz, los aportes y las percepciones de las mujeres guanacastecas, académicas y estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Sede Regional Chorotega, Campus Liberia.