TERMS OF FORMATION OF TEMPORARY AND PERMANENT BITE IN CHILDREN OF UZHGOROD
Authors: Melnyk V.S. , Horzov L.F. , Zombor K.V. 
Published: January 2019

The aim of our study was to determine the more precise timing of temporary and permanent teeth eruption in children.
Materials and methods. Dental examination of 1447 conditionally healthy children aged 5 to 28 months and 1058 conditionally healthy children aged 4 to 13 years was conducted. Children were divided into groups by gender and age criterion with a range of 1 month and 1 year respectively. To ensure the representativeness of the results of the study, the number of observations in each age group was at least 30 people.
In order to establish the timing of teeth eruption, the positions adopted in the literature were used: 1) the beginning of eruption was the moment of perforation of the alveolar gum with the appearance of a single bulge or cutting edge; 2) for the average age of teething, it is considered an age when this tooth is present in 50% of people.
Results of the study. As a result of the study, it was found that the order and timing of temporary teeth eruption on the right and left sides are the same, which confirms the position on the symmetry of the eruption.
There are sexual differences in terms of temporary teeth eruption that are characterized by a tendency of an earlier eruption in girls (an average of 1 month), as well as differences in the order of the teeth appearance on the upper and lower jaw, which are mosaic in nature.
The following sequence of temporary teeth eruption is noted: first 71 and 81 teeth erupt, then 51 and 61; 52 and 62; 72 and 82; 54 and 64; 74 and 84; 53, 63 and 73, 83; 75 and 85; 55 and 65. The specified terms of temporary teeth eruption have peculiarities in comparison with the information from literature – the beginning of temporary teeth eruption falls into an earlier age, in contrast to the data given in the textbooks.
Data that characterize the process of teeth eruption of permanent bite showed the symmetry, pairwise in children. The following sequence of the eruption of permanent teeth on the upper jaw is noted: first 16 and 26 teeth erupt, then 11 and 21; 12 and 22; 14 and 24; 15 and 25; 13 and 23; 17 and 27. In the lower jaw, a similar physiological process was as follows: 36, 46 and 31, 41; 32 and 42; 34 and 44; 33 and 43; 35 and 45; 37 and 47.
The results of the dynamic observation of the increase in the height of the clinical crown showed that the period of the eruption of each tooth to the height of the clinical crown corresponds to the height of the anatomical crown for a long period of time.
At the same time, in comparison with the results of research conducted in the Zakarpattia region, a later beginning of the teeth eruption in children of Uzhgorod was marked.
Conclusion. The study of age and sexual and regional features of permanent teeth eruption showed a relatively early formation of permanent bites in children of Uzhgorod and progress in terms of permanent teeth eruption in girls. These circumstances must be taken into account in determining the biological maturity and overall development of the child, as well as in planning and implementing schemes and activities of existing programs for the prevention of major dental diseases among children.