bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover Image, Volume 8, Issue 3
Authors: Li Qiwei , Zhang Jiaxuan , Chen Jiahui , Lu Xi 
Published: April 2019

The cover image is based on the Reflection on Opportunities for High Penetration of Renewable Energy in China, by Xi Lu, Jiahui Chen, and Qiwei Li, Jiaxuan Zhang. https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.344. Cover image © Haoran Zhang/Beijing Xinrui Vision Technology Co., Ltd.
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BMS4 algebra, its stability and deformations
Authors: Safari H. R. , Sheikh-Jabbari M. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe continue analysis of [1] and study rigidity and stability of the$$ \mathfrak{b}\mathfrak{m}{\mathfrak{s}}_4 $$bms4algebra and its centrally extended version$$ \widehat{\mathfrak{bm}{\mathfrak{s}}_4} $$bms4^. We construct and classify the family of algebras which appear as deformations of$$ \mathfrak{b}\mathfrak{m}{\mathfrak{s}}_4 $$bms4and in general find the four-parameter family of algebras$$ \mathcal{W} $$W(a,b;$$ \overline{a},\overline{b} $$a¯,b¯) as a result of the stabilization analysis, where$$ \mathfrak{b}\mathfrak{m}{\mathfrak{s}}_4 $$bms4=$$ \mathcal{W} $$W(−1/2, −1/2; −1/2, −1/2). We then study the$$ \mathcal{W} $$W(a,b;$$ \overline{a},\overline{b} $$a¯,b¯) algebra, its maximal finite subgroups and stability for different values of the four parameters. We prove stability of the$$ \mathcal{W} $$W(a,b;$$ \overline{a},\overline{b} $$a¯,b¯) family of algebras for generic values of the parameters. For special cases of (a,b) = ($$ \overline{a},\overline{b} $$a¯,b¯) = (0, 0) and (a,b) = (0, −1), ($$ \overline{a},\overline{b} $$a¯,b¯) = (0, 0) the algebra can be deformed. In particular we show that centrally extended$$ \mathcal{W} $$W(0, −1; 0, 0) algebra can be deformed to an algebra which has three copies of Virasoro as a subalgebra. We briefly discuss these deformed algebras as asymptotic symmetry algebras and the physical meaning of the stabilization and implications of our result.
Topical Agents for Premature Ejaculation: A Review
Authors: Butcher Michael J. , Zubert Tricia , Christiansen Kristin , Carranza Alejandro , Pawlicki Paul , Seibel Stacey 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionPremature ejaculation (PE) is among the most common sexual dysfunctions that affect men. Currently, topical medications are considered a first-line treatment option for PE, with no specific medication having market approval in the United States specifically for the treatment of PE. Topical agents for PE include eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream, topical eutectic mixture for premature ejaculation spray, severance secret-cream, resiniferatoxin, and an assortment of over-the-counter treatments, including medicated condoms, sprays, and wipes.AimGiven the paucity of controlled studies for these treatment modalities, the goal of this article is to review the currently available options for PE to help educate providers in appropriate treatment options.MethodsComprehensive review of published literature, as well as clinical experience were evaluated to determine efficacy of known treatments for PE.Main Outcome MeasureThe topical treatment options and efficacy of these options for PE were reviewed. Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics, topical eutectic mixture for premature ejaculation, severance secret-cream, resiniferatoxin, and medicated condoms are the mainstay of treatment. Each has certain risks and benefits associated with use as described, as well as relative cost of use.ResultsAlthough data supporting the effectiveness of topical agents for PE is limited, prior clinical trials demonstrate increases in timed intravaginal ejaculatory latency time and improved patient-partner sexual satisfaction survey scores on some treatment options.ConclusionMore research is needed to evaluate efficacy, cost-effectiveness, potential side effects, and benefits of combined medical and psychological intervention for better ejaculatory control.
South African Marine Envenomations and Poisonings as Managed Telephonically by the Tygerberg Poisons Information Centre: A 20-Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Marks Carine J. , Van Hoving Daniël J. , Wium Cherylynn A. , Sachno Dmitrij , Du Plessis Catharina E. , Reuter Helmuth , Muller Gert J. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction South Africa has an abundance of marine life, and the potential for hazardous exposure to marine life is high. To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological review regarding marine toxicity that has ever been conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this review was to investigate marine toxicology data as managed telephonically by the Tygerberg Poisons Information Centre. Methods Marine toxicology cases were retrospectively analyzed for a 20-y period (January 1, 1995 to December 31, 2014). Data were extracted from archived consultation forms. Descriptive statistics are presented, and post hoc analyses compared age, sex, province, and caller's background with severity and type of toxicology. Results A total of 311 calls involved 392 cases. Most calls involved adults (n=317, 81%) and males (n=214, 55%) and presented with no or minor symptoms (n=242, 62%). Poisoning from ingestion (n=239; 61%) was more commonly encountered than was marine envenomation (n=153; 39%), with paralytic shellfish poisoning (n=118; 30%), scombroid poisoning (n=93; 24%), and envenomation from stingrays (n=36; 9%) and bluebottles (n=33; 8%) occurring often. Healthcare professionals were more likely to consult for severe cases (odds ratio 3.3; 95% CI 1.9–5.9) and poisoning-related cases (odds ratio 1.8; 95% CI 1.1–2.9). Conclusion The proportion of marine-related toxicology cases was low. Telephonic consultations by healthcare professionals relating to poisoning were generally of a serious nature. The data can be used to drive public health awareness campaigns.
Psychiatric Neurosurgery: A Survey on the Perceptions of Psychiatrists and Residents
Authors: Cormier Josiane , Iorio-Morin Christian , Mathieu David , Ducharme Simon 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT:Objectives: To evaluate the attitudes and perceptions of psychiatrists and psychiatry residents regarding neurosurgical procedures for treating psychiatric disorders and to identify potential barriers to patient referral. Methods: A survey consisting of 25 questions was created using SurveyMonkey and was distributed to psychiatrists and psychiatry residents in Quebec. The study was approved by the McGill University Health Center’s Research Ethics Board. Descriptive statistics and Friedman’s test were performed using SPSS software. Results: A total of 99 participants, including 64 residents and 35 psychiatrists, completed more than 75% of the survey and were included in data analysis. Overall, participants were significantly (p < 0.0005) more comfortable in referring patients suffering from treatment-resistant obsessive–compulsive disorder than from treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and preferred to refer patients for deep brain stimulation (DBS) rather than for anterior cingulotomy/capsulotomy (AC). Only 11.43% of psychiatrists had ever referred a patient for AC or DBS, and 34.69% of respondents felt that these procedures were dangerous. Lack of knowledge (82.83%) was viewed as the principal limiting factor, and 57.58% of respondents identified ≥6 different barriers to patient referral. The majority of participants (69.39%) were interested in improving their knowledge on psychiatric neurosurgery, and 82.65% felt that this subject should be included in the psychiatry residency curriculum. Conclusion: Overall, participants acknowledged having many limitations to referring patients for neurosurgical interventions. While informative conferences discussing neuromodulation/neuroablation could easily address many barriers, further studies are required to assess how these could change attitudes and patterns of referral.
The living arrangements of elderly widows, their children, and their children's spouses
Authors: Bethencourt Carlos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the role that the marital status of children has in shaping the living arrangements of their widowed mothers and themselves and to explain the increase in the proportion of elderly widows living alone, which grew by 23.2% in the USA between 1970 and 1990. We propose a model where living arrangements are determined as the outcome of a game between the mother and her child, and where the fundamentals of the model depend on children's marital status. We estimate the model using 1970 data. We calculate the accuracy of the estimation and we obtain an excellent fit. Using the same measure of accuracy, the estimated model predicts that changes in the incomes of both the widow and her offspring and changes in the children's marital status generate more than the 83% of the increase in the number of widows living alone.
The Ends of the Indian Ocean: Tracing Coastlines in the Tanzanian “Hinterland”
Authors: Verne Julia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:In recent years, several attempts to revitalize Area Studies have concentrated on oceans as the unifying force to create regions. In this respect, the Indian Ocean has become a prime example to show how economic as well as cultural flows across the sea have contributed to close connections between its shores. However, by doing so, they not only seem to create a certain, rather homogeneous, Indian Ocean space, they often also lead to a conceptual separation between “coast” and “hinterland,” similar to earlier distinctions between “African/Arab” or “East/Central Africa.” In this contribution, so-called “Arab” traders who settled along trade routes connecting the East African coast to its hinterland will serve as an empirical ground to explore and challenge these boundaries. Tracing maritime imaginaries and related materialities in the Tanzanian interior, it will reflect on the ends of the Indian Ocean and the nature of such maritime conceptualizations of space more generally. By taking the relational thinking that lies at the ground of maritimity inland, it wishes to encourage a re-conceptualization of areas that not only replaces a terrestrial spatial entity with a maritime one, but that genuinely breaks with such “container-thinking” and, instead, foregrounds the meandering, fluid character of regions and their complex and highly dynamic entanglements.
Plant and animal responses of elephant grass pasture-based systems mixed with pinto peanut
Authors: Vieira A. C. , Olivo C. J. , Adams C. B. , Sauthier J. C. , Proença L. R. , de Oliveira M. D. F. A. , dos Santos P. B. , Schiafino H. P. , Tonin T. J. , de Godoy G. L. , Arrial M. , Casagrande L. G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effects of growing pinto peanut mixed with elephant grass-based pastures are still little known. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the performance of herbage yield, nutritive value of forage and animal responses to levels of pinto peanut forage mass mixed with elephant grass in low-input systems. Three grazing systems were evaluated: (i) elephant grass-based (control); (ii) pinto peanut, low-density forage yield (63 g/kg of dry matter – DM) + elephant grass; and (iii) pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield (206 g/kg DM) + elephant grass. The experimental design was completely randomized with the three treatments (grazing systems) and three replicates (paddocks) in split-plot grazing cycles. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the pasture and animal responses. Leaf blades of elephant grass and the other companion grasses of pinto peanut were collected to analyse the crude protein, in vitro digestible organic matter and total digestible nutrients. The pinto peanut, high-density dry matter forage yield + elephant grass treatment was found to give the best results in terms of herbage yield, forage intake and stocking rate, as well as having higher crude protein contents for both elephant grass and the other grasses, followed by pinto peanut with low-density forage yield + elephant grass and finally elephant grass alone. Better results were found with the grass–legume system for pasture and animal responses.
Does a nano-scale nipple array (moth-eye structure) suppress the settlement of ascidian larvae?
Authors: Hirose Euichi , Sensui Noburu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn some metazoans, the body surface is entirely or partly covered with an array of nipples about 100 nm or less in height. This structure, a nipple array, is sometimes called the moth-eye structure because it serves as an anti-reflection property on the compound eyes of a night moth. The nipple array is supposed to be a multifunctional structure since this structure occurs in various species across different taxa. Here, we hypothesize that the nipple array may prevent the settlement of epibionts that are often a nuisance and potentially cause serious problems for the host. Using a synthetic film that imitates the nipple array, we tested the substrate selection within ascidian larval settlement. The results indicate that the nipple array has anti-fouling properties, since more larvae settled on the flat surface than the nipple array (P &lt; 0.01, paired t-test). The present results demonstrated that the nipple array potentially serves an anti-fouling function on the body surface, which should be important especially for sessile organisms.
Detection of Neospora caninum DNA in cases of bovine and ovine abortion in the South-West of Scotland
Authors: Bartley P. M. , Guido S. , Mason C. , Stevenson H. , Chianini F. , Carty H. , Innes E. A. , Katzer F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeospora caninumis a commonly diagnosed cause of reproductive losses in farmed ruminants worldwide. This study examined 495 and 308 samples (brain, heart and placenta) which were collected from 455 and 119 aborted cattle and sheep fetuses, respectively. DNA was extracted and a nestedNeosporaITS1 PCR was performed on all samples. The results showed that for bovine fetuses 79/449 brain [17.6% (14.2–21.4)], 7/25 heart [28.0% (12.1–49.4)] and 5/21 placenta [23.8% (8.2–47.2)] were PCR positive for the presence ofNeosporaDNA. Overall 82/455 [18.0% (14.6–21.7)] of the bovine fetuses tested positive for the presence ofN. caninumDNA in at least one sample. None (0/308) of the ovine fetal samples tested positive for the presence ofNeosporaDNA in any of the tissues tested. The results show thatN. caninumwas associated with fetal losses in cattle (distributed across South-West Scotland), compared to sheep in the same geographical areas where no parasite DNA was found.Neosporais well distributed amongst cattle in South-West Scotland and is the potential cause of serious economic losses to the Scottish cattle farming community; however, it does not appear to be a problem amongst the Scottish sheep flocks.
Assessments of Maleo Macrocephalon maleo nesting grounds in South-east Sulawesi reveal severely threatened populations
Authors: FROESE GRADEN Z. L. , MUSTARI ABDUL H. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe Maleo Macrocephalon Maleo is a megapode bird endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, that lays large eggs at communal nesting grounds in naturally-heated sands or soils. It is classified as ‘Endangered’ and many populations have been extirpated due to overexploitation of eggs and loss of connectivity between forest and nesting grounds. The distribution and status of nesting grounds across Northern and Central Sulawesi are relatively well-established, but almost nothing is known about potential Maleo populations of South-east Sulawesi. In this study we used previously established methods to formally assess the status of three Maleo nesting grounds in Buton, South-east Sulawesi, and interviewed egg collectors at these three sites to determine the trends of populations and threats over time. All nesting grounds were severely threatened and can be expected to be abandoned in the near future due to extensive harvest of eggs and deforestation. Eggs were collected both for the wildlife trade (intensively harvested and sold as luxury items to people from distant cities) and local use (opportunistically harvested and both eaten and sold locally). All egg collectors remarked on an increase in illegal logging around nesting grounds over the previous decade. Though the Maleo’s current situation is dire, previous case studies show that collaborative grassroots initiatives supported by government and NGOs can protect nesting grounds and reverse population declines.
Defective and clustered choosability of sparse graphs
Authors: Hendrey Kevin , Wood David R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn (improper) graph colouring hasdefect dif each monochromatic subgraph has maximum degree at mostd, and hasclustering cif each monochromatic component has at mostcvertices. This paper studies defective and clustered list-colourings for graphs with given maximum average degree. We prove that every graph with maximum average degree less than (2d+2)/(d+2)kisk-choosable with defectd. This improves upon a similar result by Havet and Sereni (J. Graph Theory, 2006). For clustered choosability of graphs with maximum average degreem, no (1-ɛ)mbound on the number of colours was previously known. The above result withd=1 solves this problem. It implies that every graph with maximum average degreemis$\lfloor{\frac{3}{4}m+1}\rfloor$-choosable with clustering 2. This extends a result of Kopreski and Yu (Discrete Math., 2017) to the setting of choosability. We then prove two results about clustered choosability that explore the trade-off between the number of colours and the clustering. In particular, we prove that every graph with maximum average degreemis$\lfloor{\frac{7}{10}m+1}\rfloor$-choosable with clustering 9, and is$\lfloor{\frac{2}{3}m+1}\rfloor$-choosable with clusteringO(m). As an example, the later result implies that every biplanar graph is 8-choosable with bounded clustering. This is the best known result for the clustered version of the earth–moon problem. The results extend to the setting where we only consider the maximum average degree of subgraphs with at least some number of vertices. Several applications are presented.
The Impact of Backboard Placement on Chest Compression Quality: A Mannequin Study
Authors: Sanri Erkman , Karacabey Sinan 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:High-quality chest compressions (CCs) are associated with high survival rates and good neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest patients. The 2015 American Heart Association (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) Guidelines for Resuscitation defined and recommended high-quality CCs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, CPR providers struggle to achieve high-quality CCs. There is a debate about the use of backboards during CPR in literature. Some studies suggest backboards improve CC quality, whereas others suggest that backboards can cause delays. This is the first study to evaluate all three components of high-quality CCs: compression depth, recoil depth, and rate, at the same time with a high number of subjects. This study evaluated the impact of backboards on CC quality during CPR. The primary outcome was the difference in successful CC rates between two groups.Methods:This was a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study using a high-fidelity mannequin. The successful CC rates, means CC depths, recoil depths, and rates achieved by 6th-grade undergraduate medical students during two minutes of CPR were compared between two randomized groups: an experimental group (backboard present) and a control group (no backboard).Results:Fifty-one of all 101 subjects (50.5%) were female, and the mean age was 23.9 (SD = 1.01) years. The number and the proportion of successful CCs were significantly higher in the experimental group (34; 66.7%) when compared to the control group (19; 38.0%; P = .0041). The difference in mean values of CC depth, recoil depth, and CC rate was significantly higher in the experiment group.Conclusion:The results suggest that using a backboard during CPR improves the quality of CCs in accordance with the 2015 AHA Guidelines.Sanri E, Karacabey S. The impact of backboard placement on chest compression quality: a mannequin study.Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):182–187
Think Globally, Act Locally: Community-Engaged Comparative Politics
Authors: Risley Amy 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis article describes how comparative politics specialists can adopt community-engaged strategies and other innovative pedagogies to emphasize local–global connections. It discusses a comparative course on urban social movements that requires sustained, community-based learning. Students are placed in organizations advocating for refugee families, Latinx communities, and people in situations of homelessness. Engagement with community partners supports student learning in meaningful ways. Students apply social-movement theory to real-world situations, develop an understanding of activists and the communities they seek to empower, and gain intercultural competency by working with diverse groups. They also grapple with different modes of social action and models of citizenship. Most important, students learn to investigate activism comparatively through analysis of overseas cases. Bridging the local and the global in a single semester can be an arduous task, but undergraduates have embraced this challenge.
Imagery rescripting for the treatment of trauma in voice hearers: a case series
Authors: Paulik Georgie , Steel Craig , Arntz Arnoud 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground: High rates of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are reported in people who hear voices (auditory hallucinations). A recent meta-analysis of trauma interventions in psychosis showed only small improvements in PSTD symptoms and voices. Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) may be a therapy that is more effective in this population because it generalizes over memories, which is ideal in this population with typically repeated traumas.Aims: The primary aims of this study were to investigate whether ImR reduces (1) PTSD symptoms, and (2) voice frequency and distress in voice hearers.Method: We used a single arm open trial study, case-series design. Twelve voice hearers with previous traumas that were thematically related to their voices participated. Brief weekly assessments (administered in sessions 1–8, post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up) and longer measures (administered pre-, mid- and post-intervention) were administered. Mixed regression analysis was used to analyse the results.Results: There was one treatment drop-out. Results of the weekly measure showed significant linear reductions over time in all three primary variables – voice distress, voice frequency, and trauma intrusions – all with large effect sizes. These effects were maintained (and continued to improve for trauma intrusions) at 3-month follow-up. On the full assessment tools, all measures showed improvement over time, with five outcomes showing significant time effects: trauma, voice frequency, voice distress, voice malevolence and stress.Conclusions: The findings of the current study suggest that ImRs for PTSD symptoms is generally well tolerated and can be therapeutically beneficial among individuals who hear voices.