bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved synthesis of a cyclopropene-based molecule for the fabrication of bioengineered tissues via copper-free click chemistry
Authors: Meloni Marco M , Barton Stephen , Kaski Juan C , Song Wenhui , He Taigang 
Published: June 2019

Background: Since its introduction in the field of biological imaging, the use of copper-free click chemistry has been extended to produce improved materials for vascular surgery, ophthalmology, environmental, and automotive applications. This wide applicability suggests that larger quantities of the chemical reagents for copper-free click chemistry will be required in the future. However, the large-scale synthesis of such chemicals has been barely investigated. A possible reason is the shortage of reliable synthetic protocols to obtain large quantities of these building blocks. We therefore present in this paper an improved synthetic protocol to obtain a cyclopropene-based carbonate, a key building block for the well-known copper-free click chemistry. Method: Our protocol builds upon an already available method to obtain a cyclopropene-based carbonate. When scaled up, several parameters of this method were changed in order to obtain an improved yield. First, the use of lower temperatures and slower addition rates of the chemicals avoided the formation of detrimental hotspots in the reaction system. Second, the use of less hygroscopic solvents minimized the decomposition of the cyclopropene carbonate. Finally, chromatographic purifications were minimized and improved by using deactivated silica. Results: We obtained the compound (2-methylcycloprop-2-en-1-yl)methyl (4-nitrophenyl) carbonate, a key building block for copper-free click chemistry, in an unprecedented 60% overall yield on a six-gram scale. Conclusions: Our improved synthetic protocol demonstrates the potential of large-scale production of improved materials using click chemistry, with potential future applications in the fields of molecular imaging, vascular surgery, ophthalmology, and theranostics.
Transcriptome Profiling of Adipose Tissue Reveals Depot-Specific Metabolic Alterations Among Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Haffa Mariam , Holowatyj Andreana N , Kratz Mario , Toth Reka , Benner Axel , Gigic Biljana , Habermann Nina , Schrotz-King Petra , Böhm Jürgen , Brenner Hermann , Schneider Martin , Ulrich Alexis , Herpel Esther , Schirmacher Peter , Straub Beate K , Nattenmüller Johanna , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Lin Tengda , Ball Claudia R , Ulrich Cornelia M , Glimm Hanno , Scherer Dominique 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContextAdipose tissue inflammation and dysregulated energy homeostasis are key mechanisms linking obesity and cancer. Distinct adipose tissue depots strongly differ in their metabolic profiles; however, comprehensive studies of depot-specific perturbations among patients with cancer are lacking.ObjectiveWe compared transcriptome profiles of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from patients with colorectal cancer and assessed the associations of different anthropometric measures with depot-specific gene expression.DesignWhole transcriptomes of VAT and SAT were measured in 233 patients from the ColoCare Study, and visceral and subcutaneous fat area were quantified via CT.ResultsVAT compared with SAT showed elevated gene expression of cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and key regulators of metabolic homeostasis. Increased fat area was associated with downregulated lipid and small molecule metabolism and upregulated inflammatory pathways in both compartments. Comparing these patterns between depots proved specific and more pronounced gene expression alterations in SAT and identified unique associations of integrins and lipid metabolism–related enzymes. VAT gene expression patterns that were associated with visceral fat area poorly overlapped with patterns associated with self-reported body mass index (BMI). However, subcutaneous fat area and BMI showed similar associations with SAT gene expression.ConclusionsThis large-scale human study demonstrates pronounced disparities between distinct adipose tissue depots and reveals that BMI poorly correlates with fat mass–associated changes in VAT. Taken together, these results provide crucial evidence for the necessity to differentiate between distinct adipose tissue depots for a correct characterization of gene expression profiles that may affect metabolic health of patients with colorectal cancer.
Transcription factor autoregulation is required for acquisition and maintenance of neuronal identity
Authors: Leyva-Díaz Eduardo , Hobert Oliver 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The expression of transcription factors that initiate the specification of a unique cellular identity in multicellular organisms is often maintained throughout the life of the respective cell type via an autoregulatory mechanism. It is generally assumed that such autoregulation serves to maintain the differentiated state of a cell. To experimentally test this assumption, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering to delete a transcriptional autoregulatory, cis-acting motif in the che-1 zinc-finger transcription factor locus, a terminal selector required to specify the identity of the ASE neuron pair during embryonic development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that che-1 autoregulation is indeed required to maintain the differentiated state of the ASE neurons but that it is also required to amplify che-1 expression during embryonic development to reach an apparent minimal threshold to initiate the ASE differentiation program. We conclude that transcriptional autoregulation fulfills two intrinsically linked purposes: one in proper initiation, the other in proper maintenance of terminal differentiation programs.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Reversed Micelles Formed by Polyfluorinated Surfactant II; the Properties of Core Water Phase in Reversed Micelle
Authors: Takagi Shinsuke , Arakawa Kyosuke , Shimada Tetsuya , Inoue Haruo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The properties of water phase in reversed micelle formed by (CF3CONH(CH2)2N+(CH3)2(CH2)15CH3 Br− (C1F)) were investigated. The polarity and pH of water phase in reversed micelle were studied by dye probe method using porphyrin derivatives and alizarin red S. The mobility of water phase was studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy measuring the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) of water in the reversed micelle, and by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy measuring absorption due to OH vibration. The effects of the w value (w = [water]/[C1F]) change on the polarity, pH, and mobility of water were examined. These measurements supported the biphase structure model of water in the reversed micelle. According to the analysis of polarity, the free water phase was estimated to be less polar than boundary water phase. The pH of water around the probe molecule in the reversed micelle was acidic and was not affected by the change of the w value. NIR spectroscopy of the reversed micelle indicated that OH vibration was much affected by the size of the water pool in the reversed micelle. The shift of absorption λmax due to OH vibration can be explained by the strong interaction between water and the ammonium group of the surfactant molecule.
Dimitra Vassiliadou, Στον τροπικό της γραφής: Οικογενειακοί δεσμοί και συναισθήματα στην αστική Ελλάδα, 1850–1930 [The tropic of writing family ties and emotions in modern Greece, 1850–1930]
Authors: Matthaiou Anna 
Published: June 2019

Review of Dimitra Vassiliadou. Στον τροπικό της γραφής: Οικογενειακοί δεσμοί και συναισθήματα στην αστική Ελλάδα, 1850–1930 [The tropic of writing family ties and emotions in modern Greece, 1850–1930]. Athens: Gutenberg, 2018. 292 pp.
Desempeño de un material granular estabilizado con cemento cuando se aplica carga a compresión
Authors: Sánchez Cotte Edgar Humberto , Torres Chueco Gleidys María , Esquivel Ramírez Rodrigo Elías 
Published: June 2019

Contexto: Esta investigación evalúa la resistencia a la compresión de un material granular mezclado compuesto por arcilla y arena, con el objetivo de optimizar su diseño.
Métodología: Los factores estudiados fueron el contenido de cemento, la humedad, los golpes de compactación y la relación arcilla/arena. Además, se realizó un diseño experimental inical de 24.
Resultados: Los resultados permitieron identificar que el factor significativo es el contenido de cemento. Por otro lado, se exploró para la optimización un diseño de un solo factor con tres niveles (175; 200; y 225 Kg/m3) y dos réplicas.
Conclusiones: El diseño experimental permitió identificar el valor óptimo del factor contenido de cemento en la frontera de la región de experimentación seleccionada (150 Kg/m3).
Uso de materiales reciclados en compuestos cementicios
Authors: Xargay Hernán , Ripani Marianela , Caggiano Antonio , Folino Paula , Martinelli Enzo 
Published: June 2019

Contexto: La producción de hormigón se caracteriza por una importante demanda de energía y materias primas, emitiendo grandes cantidades de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Asimismo, la construcción, mantenimiento y demolición de edificios genera enormes cantidades de residuos que requieren costosos y ambientalmente sensibles procedimientos de disposición final. Por tanto, en la actualidad se están investigando diversas soluciones para reducir el impacto ambiental de los procesos asociados al ciclo de vida del hormigón.
Metodología: Se estudiaron, mediante ensayos experimentales, las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de los siguientes materiales sustentables: hormigón con agregados reciclados, hormigón con reemplazo parcial de cemento Portland por cenizas volantes y compuestos cementicios reforzados con fibras recicladas.
Resultados: El uso de agregados gruesos reciclados degradó las características mecánicas del hormigón debido a su mayor porosidad y capacidad de absorción de agua. Sin embargo, su combinación con cenizas volantes mostró un efecto sinérgico, mitigando las consecuencias adversas mencionadas. La respuesta posfisuración del hormigón reforzado con fibras de acero recicladas se caracterizó por una menor tenacidad y ductilidad respecto a los compuestos con fibras industriales. Específicamente, las mezclas con fibras recicladas mostraron una etapa de ablandamiento más pronunciada. Esto reveló una eficiencia menor de las fibras recicladas con respecto a las industriales.
Conclusiones: Los resultados experimentales demostraron que la incorporación de materiales reciclados condujo a un deterioro en el comportamiento físico y mecánico-resistente de los compuestos analizados. No obstante, las propiedades resultantes superaron los valores mínimos recomendados para su aplicación como materiales estructurales.
Etične dileme pri izvajanju zdravstvene nege v enoti intenzivne terapije
Authors: Kalender Smajlović Sedina 
Published: June 2019

Uvod: Medicinske sestre v enotah intenzivnih terapij se soočajo z zahtevnostjo zdravstvene oskrbe kritično bolnih pacientov. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti etične dileme, ki se pojavljajo pri izvajanju zdravstvene nege v enotah intenzivne terapije.Metode: Uporabljen je bil sistematični pregled znanstvene literature. Vključena je bila literatura iz obdobja od 2007 do 2017. Pregled zajema naslednje baze: COBIB.SI, CINAHL in PubMed. Iskanje je potekalo z uporabo ključnih besed: »etične dileme«, »medicinske sestre«, »etična načela«, »kritično bolni pacienti«, »zdravstvena nega v intenzivni terapiji« v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Iz iskalnega nabora 78 zadetkov je bilo v končno analizo vključenih 14 člankov. Izvedena je bila vsebinska analiza spoznanj raziskav.Rezultati: Medicinske sestre med najbolj pogostimi etičnimi dilemami navajajo dileme v povezavi z zdravljenjem in aktivnostmi zdravstvene nege, organizacijo zdravstvene oskrbe in paliativno oskrbo. Med najbolj pogostimi etičnimi načeli navajajo neškodljivost, dobronamernost in avtonomijo kritično bolnih pacientov.Diskusija in zaključek: Ugotovitve raziskave prispevajo k prepoznavanju najbolj pogostih etičnih dilem pri izvajanju zdravstvene nege v enoti intenzivne terapije. Pomembno bi bilo podrobneje raziskati posamezne etične dileme medicinskih sester, ki se pojavijo v času izvajanja zdravstvene nege pri kritično bolnih pacientih.
Spirit Budaya Islam Nusantara dalam Konstruks “Rubu’ Mujayyab
Authors: Sakirman Sakirman 
Published: June 2019

THIS -- paper examines the rubu 'mujayyab as a classical instrument and the work of ulama archipelago. Rubu 'mujayyab keeps the scientific treasures as the primary reference for the development of advanced Islamic astronomical tools. The methodology used in rubu 'mujayyab is the science of a spherical triangle connected with the concept of the earth round. Urgency rubu 'mujayyab in Islamic tradition is as a measuring tool one of them is to determine the distance and altitude. Rukyat al-hilal and the direction of Qiblah is one part that can be measured by rubu 'mujayyab. With the base of the surface point of the earth can be expressed in two coordinates, namely longitude and latitude. Through this paper submitted that rubu 'mujayyab as a measuring instrument of rukyat al-hilal and direction of Qiblah in his time is an accurate and precise tool. However, after a study with contemporary tools the calculation of rubu 'mujayyab did not reach the minute scale. In the process of calculation also requires a long process, because there are several steps that must be taken. Meanwhile, calculations using the scientific calculator method can include data processed with a formula that can produce high accuracy calculations. Yet the spirit of Islamic archipelago in the development of scientific treasures through rubu 'mujayyab still must be preserved.
Xylan accessibility of bleached eucalypt pulp in alkaline solutions
Authors: Gomes Teresa M.P. , Mendes de Sousa António P. , Belenkiy Yuri I. , Evtuguin Dmitry V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe accessibility of glucuronoxylan from a refined, bleached Eucalyptus globulus industrial kraft pulp in 0–18% aqueous NaOH solution at room temperature (25°C) was studied. The extraction profile revealed a maximum extraction of xylan in the pulp at about 10–12% NaOH concentration and was explained by the maximum swelling of the pulp according to the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. The kinetics of xylan removal and the monitoring of its structural features were performed at 5 and 10% NaOH concentrations. The maximum yields of xylans with 10% and 5% NaOH were as high as 90% and 60% for 2 h extraction, respectively. The structural features of xylan were assessed by acid methanolysis and one-dimensional (1D)/two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the molecular weight by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The xylan extracted with 10% NaOH had a slightly higher molecular weight and a lower branching with uronic moieties than the xylan extracted with 5% NaOH. The former was less pure (contained more β-cellulose) than the latter. Structural studies by NMR resulted in the conclusion that there are at least two types of xylans removed from the pulp: one xylan with relatively high 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucuronosyl [MeGlcA-(1→] and [→2)-MeGlcA-(1→] substituents and another xylan with a much lower substitution with uronic residues.
Fault Detection and Location of Broken Power Line Not Touching the Ground
Authors: Nuthalapati Bhanuprasad , Sinha Umesh Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Occurrences of High Impedance Faults are common in Power Distribution between substation to substation, substation to rural area and within rural area. High Impedance Faults are detected based on Fault current measured by Fault Detection devices But an important fault is the Downed or Broken power line Fault not touching the ground cannot be detected when there is not enough faults current to operate fault detection devices in Over Head power distribution. Many methods to find High Impedance Faults exist. However, no proper method exists to find the Detection and location of Downed or broken power line Fault not touching the ground .Such a condition represents no electrical abnormality and till now its detection would probably have to depend on visual sighting. This paper proposes methods F-PLCCG and Hybrid AD method going to solve above problem.
Analysis of electricity generation efficiency in photovoltaic building systems made of HIT-IBC cells for multi-family residential buildings
Authors: Węgierek Paweł , Pietraszek Justyna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze the efficiency of electricity generation in photovoltaic systems located on the building made on the basis of HIT-IBC cells for multi-family residential buildings. The comparative analysis of the efficiency of electricity generation by photovoltaic (PV) installations made of two cell types -Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer-Interdigitated Back Contact (HIT-IBC) and classical mono-crystalline silicon (mono-Si) - showed that the efficiency of HIT-IBC cells is 60% higher. These cells were selected for use as photo-voltaic systems located on the building to cover the demand for electricity through an exemplary multi-family residential building, consisting of 35 apartments divided into two, three and four-person households. Considering the previous calculations, in which it was shown that a PV installation made of HIT-IBC cells (PV1) is able to generate 192,75 kWh/(m2·y), annual electricity production was calculated by the indicated photovoltaic installation. It was found that the photovoltaic installation located on the roof of the building, based on HIT-IBC cells, will allow to cover the total electricity demand by a selected multi-family building. In addition, the installation’s payback period of 9 years was calculated, which takes a high place in the lifespan of photovoltaic installations of 20-25 years and thus ensuring the economic efficiency of the adopted technical solutions.
Bidirectional chemotherapy allowing surgery and HIPEC for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Noiret Barbara , Eveno Clarisse 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis case report aims to describe the impact of the bidirectional chemotherapy (BDC) on resecability for initially unresectable malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM).MethodsWe report a case of 55-year-old male with the diagnosis of initially unresecable MPM. The BDC combined intravenous (IV) chemotherapy (Cisplatin–Pemetrexed) and intra peritoneal (IP) chemotherapy (Cisplatin). The response to chemotherapy was assessed by CT – scan and laparoscopy.ResultsInitial evaluation classed the disease as unresecable with PCI at 39. At the reevaluation, CT – scan and laparoscopy showed a macroscopic response, allowing surgery consisting of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra peritoneal chemotherapy (Doxorubicin and Cisplatin).ConclusionsBDC (IV and IP) has promising results and allows to undergo surgery for selected patients with borderline or initially unresectable MPM.
Preparation and characterization of Ni-Cu composite nanoparticles for conductive paints
Authors: Bai Liuyang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ni and Cu are the two most promising alternatives to noble metals used in electrical conductive materials. However, Cu is susceptible to oxidation, while Ni exhibits poorer electrical conductivity. To solve this problem, Cu-Ni composite nanoparticles have been prepared in the present work by successive hydrazine reduction based on the different oxidation potential between Cu (II) and Ni (II). The as-prepared products were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, and TG, and the electrical resistivity of which was measured by four-probe method. A formation process of the composite particles was proposed and demonstrated. The Cu-Ni composite nanoparticles have a uniform diameter of about 50nm, and exhibit higher oxidation temperature than Cu and lower electrical resistivity than Ni. This novel Ni-Cu structure and method might help solve the problems associated with the oxidation of Cu and the low electrical conductivity of Ni, which would further promote the application of base metal conductive powders.
Crystal Plasticity Study of Heterogeneous Deformation Behavior in γ Matrix Channels during High Temperature Low Stress Creep of Single Crystal Superalloys
Authors: Hariharan Avinash , Kanjarla Anand K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Single crystal nickel-based superalloys have high temperature creep resistance due to particle strengthening by high volume fraction of coherent γ′ precipitates distributed within nickel-based solid solution γ matrix. In the high temperature low stress regime, published experimental studies reveal that the creep deformation mechanism during the secondary stage is predominantly by dislocation glide in the γ matrix only, and that there is a preferential motion of dislocations in the matrix, oriented in a direction perpendicular to the stress. In this work, the crystal plasticity finite element method is employed to perform creep simulations on a representative volume element in the high temperature and low stress regime. A sine-hyperbolic–based material creep model was used for the matrix, while the precipitates are assumed to be elastic. A softening model incorporating the evolution of mobile dislocation density was used to capture the transition from secondary to tertiary creep. The predicted creep curves agree well with the published experimental measurements on single crystal superalloy CMSX-4. The simulations predict a higher creep strain distribution in the horizontal channel of the matrix (perpendicular to the applied stress) as compared with the vertical channel (horizontal to the applied stress). Local creep strain distributions in the channels were found to be greater than twice their average creep strain. The results provide key insights into the distribution of macroscopic creep strain in the local channels of the γ matrix to further aid in the microstructural design of creep-resistant superalloys.
FAIMAU, Gabriel and William O. LESITAOKANA (eds). New Media and the Mediatisation of Religion: An African Perspective
Authors: M’fundisi-Holloway Naar 
Published: June 2019

FAIMAU, Gabriel and William O. LESITAOKANA (eds). New Media and the Mediatisation of Religion: An African Perspective. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018. 185pp. ISBN: 9781527509023. £38.42.