bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN PTK-PNF DALAM MENGHADAPI KERAGAMAN SOSIAL BUDAYA
Authors: Waspodo Muktiono 
Published: July 2018

Indonesia has variety of social and cultural backgrounds which become the strength of the nation. This pluralism should be acknowledged and developed harmoniously. This article discusses how non-formal education should play its role in transforming the pluralism value to the Indonesian people, specifically how to conduct learning process based on the social and cultural pluralism.
PENGEMBANGAN PARADIGMA BARU KEILMUAN DAN KELEMBAGAAN PENDIDIKAN NON FORMAL
Authors: Kuntoro Sodiq A. 
Published: July 2018

According to the education law of Republic of Indonesia in 2003, non-formal education is implemented to facilitate the citizen to get education and it functions as substitution, supplement, and complement to formal education. The role of non-formal education is to contribute the implementation of lifelong education as a new approach to education. This new approach is different from the education under present systems that involve the attempt to integrate the different parts of education with the concern for the development of person in intellectual, emotional, social, and vocational aspects. The present non-formal education activities need to expand their activities to create opportunity of education wider and to cover incidental learning as a part of learning activities in society.
Efektifitas Pemanfaatan Kemampuan Guru Ekonomi Kota Surabaya dalam Menulis Proposal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas
Authors: Soesatyo Yoyok , Soejoto Ady , Suratman Bambang , Subroto Waspodo Tjipto , Harti Harti , Hakim Luqman 
Published: July 2018

Training Objectives in Community Service is to (1) provide teachers understanding about TOD; (2) provide mentoring of Classroom Action Research proposal formulation; (3) provide teacher assistance on study of Classroom Action Research proposal made by teacher. Subject in this Community Service is SMP teacher who are incorporated in the Economic Teacher in Surabaya. The object of this Community Service is training preparation of Classroom Action Research proposal. Community Service implementation method is broadly divided into 2 activities, namely training of Classroom Action Research proposal preparation with varied lecture method and Practice preparation of Classroom Action Research proposal with simulation and presentation method. The results obtained in Community Service are quite effective (1) participants have enthusiasm in listening to material explanation as much as 92%; (2) Participants who attended Classroom Action Research Proposal Writing Training from start to end of training as much as 98%; (3) Participants who are able to Practice Classroom Action Research Proposal Writing in accordance with the available time of 85%; (4) Participants who have interest in doing Classroom Action Research when in school as much as 100%.
Keywords:Classroom Action Research, Training.
Climate change due to heat and drought stress can alter the physiology of Maratheftiko local Cyprian grapevine variety
Authors: Chrysargyris Antonios , Xylia Panayiota , Antoniou Omiros , Tzortzakis Nikos 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The effect of climate change (CC) on viticulture in Europe is of great concern and several international and indigenous grapevine cultivars have been examined for their adaptation to CC. In this study we focused on the short-term effects of light and moderate drought stress (DS) as well as heat stress (HS) on physiological and biochemical stress markers in Maratheftiko cultivar. We showed that leaf photosynthetic rate was decreased with DS and HS after 8 and 20 days. The leaf stomatal conductance was decreased in the case of DS after 8 days, while no differences could be found due to HS. Total phenols and flavonoids content and antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ABTS) were increased and seemed to be dependent on the relevant DS, HS and the period of stress exposure. Chlorophyll fluorescence was decreased in 50% volumetric water content (VWC) after 8 days of DS compared with the 100% VWC (control treatment). Leaf K and P content increased in moderate (50% VWC) irrigation stress and HS. Leaf hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation increased after 8 days of DS, and this resulted in the increase of antioxidant enzymes activity. Overall, Maratheftiko performance against environmental stresses is related more to short-term DS than HS.
Tacrine-coumarin and Tacrine-7-chloroquinoline Hybrids with Thiourea Linkers: Cholinesterase Inhibition Properties, Kinetic Study, Molecular Docking and Permeability Assay for Blood-brain Barrier
Authors: Hamulakova Slavka , Janovec Ladislav , Soukup Ondrej , Jun Daniel , Janockova Jana , Hrabinova Martina , Sepsova Vendula , Kuca Kamil 
Published: July 2018

Background:
The design of new heterodimeric dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
constitutes the main goal-directed to the development of new anticholinesterase agents with the
expanded pharmacological profile. Multi-target compounds are usually designed by combining in a
hybrid molecule with two or more pharmacophoric moieties that are known to enable interaction with
the selected molecular targets.

Methods:
All compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity on human AChE/BChE. The Ellman´s
method was used to determine inhibition kinetics and IC50 values. In order to predict passive bloodbrain
penetration of novel compounds, modification of the parallel artificial membrane permeation assay
has been used. Docking studies were performed in order to predict the binding modes of new hybrids
with hAChE/ hBChE respectively.

Results:
In this study, we described the design, synthesis, and evaluation of series tacrine-coumarin and
tacrine-quinoline compounds which were found to show potential inhibition of ChEs and penetration of
the blood-brain barrier.

Conclusion:
Tacrine-quinoline hybrids 7a exhibited the highest activity towards hBChE (IC50 = 0.97
µmol) and 7d towards hAChE (IC50 = 0.32 µmol). Kinetic and molecular modelling studies revealed
that 7d was a mixed-type AChE inhibitor (Ki = 1.69 µmol) and 7a was a mixed-type BChE inhibitor (Ki
= 1.09 µmol). Moreover, hybrid 5d and 7c could penetrate the CNS.
Conjugation of Phthalocyanine Photosensitizer with Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer: Improved Solubility, Disaggregation and Photoactivity Against HepG2 Cells
Authors: Jiang Zhou , Ye Jiqing , Yang Jingyi , Wang Jian , Jia Lee , Ho Rodney JY 
Published: July 2018

Objective: To improve solubility and to reduce aggregation, ZnPcC4 was conjugated to a
third-generation poly-amidoamine dendrimer with amino end group (G3-PAMAM-NH2), which acts
as a novel photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug carrier system.

Methods:
The phthalocyanines were synthesized by construction reaction. The nano drug was obtained
from the conjugation of ZnPcC4 to G3-PAMAM-NH2, using EDC and NHS as coupling
agents. The ZnPcC4@G3-PAMAM-NH2 conjugation was characterized by UV-Vis and MS. The 1O2
quantum yield of ZnPcC4@G3-PAMAM-NH2 in water was measured by the chemiluminescence
method. The in vitro PDT responses of the studied photosensitizers were studied in hepatocellular
carcinoma cell line HepG2 by MTT assay.

Results:
At ZnPcC4/G3-PAMAM-NH2 raw ratio of 100/1, the ZnPcC4 conjugate had improved solubility
and reduced aggregation tendency in aqueous solution. At this optimum molar ratio, ZnPcC4-
G3-PAMAM-NH2 inhibited HepG2 cells, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 1.67
&#181;g/mL upon infrared light exposure. The controls, including dark conditions, or media as well as
G3-PAMAM-NH2 exposure, exhibited no inhibitory response.

Conclusion:
The conjugation of phthalocyanine photosensitizer ZnPcC4 to poly-amidoamine dendrimer
G3-PAMAM-NH2 improved the PDT outcomes, in which the optimized binding ratio of
ZnPcC4 to G3-PAMAM-NH2 was 6:1.
Inhibition of Biofilm and Virulence Factors of Candida albicans by Partially Purified Secondary Metabolites of Streptomyces chrestomyceticus Strain ADP4
Authors: Srivastava Vartika , Singla Rajeev K. , Dubey Ashok K. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Despite several advancements in antifungal drug discovery, fungal diseases like
Invasive Candidiasis (IC) still remain associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Thus there is an enormous need for anti-Candida drugs.

Objective:
The main objectives of the work included: 1. To investigate therapeutically significant classes
of secondary metabolites produced by S. chrestomyceticus strain ADP4. 2. To investigate and analyze
inhibition of significant virulence attributes of C. albicans, such as, biofilm and secretory hydrolytic enzymes
by ADP4 secondary metabolites. 3. Mechanistic analysis of probable compounds for their site of
action on Secretary Aspartyl Proteinase 3 (Sap3).

Methods:
Metabolite extract-SDB (MESDB) of S. chrestomyceticus strain ADP4 was fractionated on silica
gel column chromatography. Fractions were analyzed for anti-Candida activity by disc diffusion assay.
Active fractions were further purified by differential solvent treatment. MIC90 values were determined
by broth dilution method. MFC was based on counting viable cells. Inhibition of yeast to hyphae
transition and that of production of hydrolytic enzymes were estimated by plate assays. GC-MS of
MESDB and Partially Purified Metabolite preparations (PPMs) was done. GRIP docking studies with Sap
3 of C. albicans was done using VLife MDS 4.6 software.

Results:
Chemical profiling showed that ADP4 secondary metabolites contained alkaloids, flavonoids,
polyphenols, terpenoids and triterpenes. The MESDB and the PPMs showed low or no cytotoxicity but
were able to effectively contain virulence attributes of Candida pathogen. Docking studies revealed that
some of the probable compounds have affinity for aspartic acid residue in Sap3 enzyme of C. albicans.

Conclusion:
Secondary metabolite of strain ADP4 included important classes of therapeutically important
compounds. Their anti-Candida activity was mediated by inhibition of critical virulence factors of
the pathogen.
Mycological and Bacteriological Quality and Safety of Bottled Water in Ethiopia
Authors: Bedada Tesfaye L. , Dera Firehiwot A. , Edicho Redwan M. , Gebre Samson G. , Asefa Yosef B. , Sima Waktole G. , Maheder Rahel F. , Negassi Tigist Y. , Biegna Almaz G. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Safe water supply is vital and can result in significant benefits to health. However, contaminated bottled water poses a great health risk due to the poor microbiological quality of water.

Methods and Materials:
A retrospective study was conducted on 222 Bottled water samples collected from various regions of Ethiopia from January 2008 to December 2015, tested and recorded in Ethiopian Public Health Institute to determine heterotrophic plate count and Staphylococcus aureus by pour plate method; for coliforms using multiple tubes fermentation techniques; for mould and yeast count using spread method, and for Salmonellae and Shigella spp. using ES ISO 6579 and ES ISO 21567. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20 statistical package.

Results:
Among the total samples examined from 44 brands, detections of heterotrophic plate count, mould, yeast, total and thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were observed in 114 (51.4%), 33 (14.9%), 5 (2.3%), 2 (0.9%), 1 (0.5%), 1 (0.5%) and 1 (0.5%) samples respectively, but there were no detections of Salmonellae nor Shigellae species.

Conclusion:
About 40% of bottled water samples were mycologically and bacteriologically unsafe for human consumption. To prevent public health hazards, regular monitoring of bottled water using quality indicators should be a priority agenda.
Performing Below the Targeted Level: An Investigation into KS3 Pupils’ Attitudes Towards Mathematics
Authors: Mirza Anusha , Hussain Nasreen 
Published: July 2018

<p><em>This study sets out to investigate the attitude KS3 pupils have towards mathematics and the factors that influence this attitude. A case study approach was used as the pupils were a unit of the school under study and a survey method was chosen to provide scope to the study. Purposeful sampling was employed for the selection of 200 pupils from years 7 and 9 who were from target achiever and non target achiever groups. Attitudes Toward Mathematics Inventory (Tapia, 1996) was administered to the participants to measure their attitude towards mathematics. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. The result for the first hypothesis indicated that there is a significant difference on the variable of mathematics attitude of year 7 and 9 target achievers and non target achievers pupils (t=4.11, df =199, p &lt;.05) and for the second hypothesis, the difference in the variety of attitudes is statistically significant in the pupuls from both groups (t=2.3, df =210, p &lt;.05). The results of the research will enable teachers to understand the factors that effect attitude of pupils towards mathematics at secondary level and direct head teachers to establish effective teacher training and support system to help pupils to develop an interest in mathematics.</em></p>
Phenomenology: A Philosophy and Method of Inquiry
Authors: Qutoshi Sadruddin Bahadur 
Published: July 2018

<p> <em>Phenomenology as a philosophy and a method of inquiry is not limited to an approach to knowing, it is rather an intellectual engagement in interpretations and meaning making that is used to understand the lived world of human beings at a conscious level. Historically, Husserl’ (1913/1962) perspective of phenomenology is a science of understanding human beings at a deeper level by gazing at the phenomenon. However, Heideggerian view of interpretive-hermeneutic phenomenology gives wider meaning to the lived experiences under study. Using this approach, a researcher uses bracketing as a taken for granted assumption in describing the natural way of appearance of phenomena to gain insights into lived experiences and interpret for meaning making. The data collection and analysis takes place side by side to illumine the specific experience to identify the phenomena that is perceived by the actors in a particular situation. The outcomes of a phenomenological study broadens the mind, improves the ways of thinking to see a phenomenon, and it enables to see ahead and define researchers’ posture through intentional study of lived experiences. However, the subjectivity and personal knowledge in perceiving and interpreting it from the research participant’s point of view has been central in phenomenological studies. To achieve such an objective, phenomenology could be used extensively in social sciences.</em></p>
Opportunities and threats associated with an investment in shares of innovative companies ? evidence from Polish capital market
Authors: Nawrocki Tomasz L. 
Published: July 2018

Research background: Since the Internet bubble, which took place at the turn of XX and XXI century, on the global capital markets, including Poland, one may note a growing interest in companies focusing on innovations and innovativeness. The main driver of this interest is the belief that in a longer term innovations and expenditures on research and development will translate into an increase in competitive advantage, financial results, and subsequently also the market value of companies. On the other hand, the attention should also be paid to the fact that innovative activity has also another, darker, side, which is identified with the far-reaching uncertainty about its final effects and the possibility of incurring losses, especially in financial dimension. At the same time, it should be noted that implementation of investment strategy regarding the shares of innovative companies is quite troublesome because of the lack of unified methodology for assessing corporate innovativeness and large information diversity in this area.
Purpose of the article: The investment efficiency analysis of investment strategy regarding shares of companies perceived to be innovative with simultaneous focusing on the different cases of situation development in time.
Methods: The research was carried out for companies listed on the main market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange, taking into consideration various time ranges of investment. The efficiency analysis of this investment strategy was conducted in the risk-return outlay with the use of such measures as: accumulated rate of return, arithmetic average rate of return, standard and semi-standard deviation, as well as coefficients of variation and semi-variation of rate of return and their inverses.
Findings & Value added: The obtained results show that in shorter periods of time, inves-tors buy expectations connected with innovative companies and therefore, the efficiency of investment in their shares is relatively high, but in the longer term expectations are revised by companies? financial results, which in turn often negatively affects the investment efficiency.
Characterization of Sn-Apatites and 99mTcO4 – anions removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Hamárová Andrea , Rosskopfová Oľga 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Apatite is a natural mineral from the group of phosphate minerals. It originates primarily in rocks and converted limestones. It is also one of the few minerals produced and used by microeconomic systems. Due to its low solubility in water and high sorption capacity, apatite is a suitable sorbent for heavy metals and radionuclides removal from aqueous radioactive waste. Increasing amount of radioactive waste (RAW) has a negative impact on human health as well as on the environment. Production of RAW is constantly increasing because of the use of nuclear energy as well as by the development of nuclear medicine. The aim of this work was to study the effect of pH and various anions on the sorption of pertechnetate anions from aqueous solution to Sn-Apatite. Sn-Apatite samples used in the experiment were prepared by the wet precipitation method and adsorption of 99mTc was monitored by the radioisotope indication method. Sorption experiments were performed using the batch method. It was found that the sorption percentage was higher than 90 % in all Sn-Apatite samples and the dissociation constant, KD, indicated high affinity of pertechnetate anions to the solid Sn-Apatite particles. The presence of competing anions did not significantly influence the ability of Sn-Apatite materials to adsorb 99mTcO4 - from aqueous solutions.
Performance Assessment of Variational Integrators for Thermomechanical Problems
Authors: Kern Dominik , Romero Ignacio , Martín Sergio Conde , García-Orden Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Structure-preserving integrators are in the focus of ongoing research because of their distinguished features of robustness and long time stability. In particular, their formulation for coupled problems that include dissipative mechanisms is still an active topic. Conservative formulations, such as the thermo-elastic case without heat conduction, fit well into a variational framework and have been solved with variational integrators, whereas the inclusions of viscosity and heat conduction are still under investigation. To encompass viscous forces and the classical heat transfer (Fourier’s law), an extension of Hamilton’s principle is required. In this contribution we derive variational integrators for thermo-viscoelastic systems with classical heat transfer. Their results are compared for two discrete model problems vs. energy-entropy-momentum methods.
Microbial Contamination of a Diving Suit
Authors: Dąbrowiecki Zbigniew , Dąbrowiecka Małgorzata , Olszański Romuald , Siermontowski Piotr 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Pathogenic micro-organisms can easily transfer from the surface of a diver’s skin onto the surfaces of a protective suit. A long-term stay in a hyperbaric chamber during a saturation dive increases the risk of infection if in the chamber there is even a single carrier of disease-causing pathogens.
The conducted research has confirmed that the diving equipment located in Diving Centres is a place of many different bacteria and fungi, including pathogenic ones. The vast majority of microbes found on the surfaces of wetsuits, etc. are commensals (with some being opportunistic organisms). This fact allows us to realise that the surfaces of diving equipment are an excellent “transmission route” for various dermatoses and other diseases. In order to reduce the risk of infection the diving equipment used by various people should be subject to the process of decontamination. The authors recommend decontamination with the use of gaseous hydrogen peroxide which does not cause damage to equipment.
Studies on Velocity Fields Around the Cavitation Vortices Generated by the Model of a Rotating Blade
Authors: Suchecki Witold 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The elimination of hazards caused by cavitation phenomena is an important issue to be considered in the design of process equipment including flow machinery. These hazards are: cavitation erosion, efficiency decrease as well as vibration and noise. One of the most intensive and dangerous forms of cavitation is vortex cavitation that accompanies the operation of hydraulic machines in which components comprised of rotating blades are applied.
Velocity fields around cavitation vortices generated by the model of a propeller blade were experimentally studied in a cavitation tunnel. Flow images were recorded using a high-speed camera and processed using particle image velocimetry (PIV) complemented with computer-aided techniques that had been developed for the purpose of this research. These techniques included the removal of image distortions on the basis of a calibration mask, determination of instantaneous velocity distributions and removal of air-bubble traces from flow images.
Experimental studies result examples were presented in the form of velocity fields determined in the longitudinal plane as well as in three transverse planes remote from the blade. Instabilities of the cavitating vortex stream and of the local liquid-flow velocity in its surrounding were detected. The effect of the angle of attack of propeller blade on the instability of the vortex stream and the effect of the presence of the cavitating vortex kernel on the local velocities of the surrounding liquid, were determined.
Survey of Presence of Non-Indigenous Eurytemora Carolleeae in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea) Five Years After its First Discovery
Authors: Astra Labuce , Anda Ikauniece , Solvita Strāķe , Anissa Souissi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the brackish ecosystem of the Gulf of Riga, the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis is a key species, but recently a new non-indigenous species Eurytemora carolleeae was discovered in the region. In the present study, we aimed to validate the presence of E. carolleeae in the southern part of the Gulf of Riga five years after its first discovery. The study area is the closest region to the Rīga harbour — the main source of non-indigenous species arrival in the Gulf. Recent studies have predicted the possible potential of E. carolleeae invasion due to its physiological plasticity. Male and female specimens of Eurytemora were collected in spring, summer, and autumn of 2013, and analysed based on three morphological indicators. Despite the higher reproduction rate of E. carolleeae, this intrusive species does not seem to have succeeded in establishing during the five-year period after its first discovery in the Gulf of Riga, and hence does not present a threat to the native E. affinis population in the study area.