bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instrumental and visual evaluation of the color adjustment potential of resin composites
Authors: Pereira Sanchez Natalie , Powers John M. , Paravina Rade D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the instrumental and visual color adjustment potential (CAP‐I, CAP‐V), of resin composites.MethodsResin composites tested were Omnichroma, Filtek Supreme Ultra, TPH Spectra, Herculite Ultra, and Tetric EvoCeram. Two types of specimens, “dual” and “single” were evaluated. For dual specimens, class I preparations (4 mm‐diameter, 2 mm‐depth), were created in denture teeth and restored with test resin composites. For single specimens, replications of denture teeth were created using the test resin composites (n = 5) and compared with unrestored denture teeth. Reflectance values were obtained using a spectroradiometer. CAP‐I and CAP‐V were calculated. Fisher PLSD intervals for comparison of means were calculated at the 0.05 level of significance.ResultsCAP‐I ranged between 0.02 and 0.67. The Fisher PLSD interval for comparisons between single/dual color differences was 0.09 (P < .0001, power 1.0) and for comparisons between materials and shades 0.18 and 0.33, respectively (P < .0001, power 1.0). CAP‐V ranged between 0.16 and 0.60. The Fisher PLSD interval for comparisons between single/dual visual color differences was 0.05 (P < .0001, power 1.0) and 0.08 and 0.14 for comparisons between materials and shades, respectively (P < .0001, except Herculite Ultra‐Tetric EvoCeram and certain shade pairs).ConclusionsInstrumental color differences and visual rating of single specimens were the greatest for Omnichroma, indicating the largest mismatch, while the instrumental and visual color differences of dual specimens were the smallest. Omnichroma had the most pronounced CAP‐I followed by Tetric EvoCeram>TPH Spectra = Filtek Supreme Ultra >Herculite Ultra. Similarly, Omnichroma exhibited the most pronounced CAP‐V followed by Tetric EvoCeram>TPH Spectra = Herculite Ultra = Filtek Supreme Ultra.Clinical significanceResin composites with pronounced CAP blends with surrounding enamel and dentin, resulting in reduced color differences and therefore improving the esthetic appearance of the restoration, simplifying the shade matching and compensating for any color mismatch.
Structural complexity in the hatchery rearing environment affects activity, resting metabolic rate and post‐release behaviour in brown trout Salmo trutta
Authors: Watz Johan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of structural enrichment in the hatchery rearing environment of brown trout Salmo trutta was linked to post‐release performance. Enrichment resulted in reduced swimming activity scored in an open field test and reduced movement in a natural river after release. Also, enrichment increased resting metabolic rates, which correlated positively with overwinter growth.
Evaluation of flood prediction capability of the distributed Grid‐Xinanjiang model driven by weather research and forecasting precipitation
Authors: Yao Cheng , Ye Jinyin , He Zhixin , Bastola Satish , Zhang Ke , Li Zhijia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe lead time of operational flood forecasting is critical for the effectiveness of flood alert and flood risk reduction. It is impossible to extend the lead time of flood forecasting by solely using rain gauge observations. However, the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model has the potential to produce quantitative precipitation forecasts that can facilitate the flood risk management by increasing the flood forecasting lead time. This study investigates the flood prediction capabilities of the well‐tested Grid‐Xinanjiang model (GXM) in a flood‐prone area, located in the upper region of the Huaihe River Basin, when driven by gauge observations and WRF precipitation forecasts, respectively. The results indicate that GXM is capable of producing improved flood predictions by using the WRF precipitation forecasts. The incoming floods are difficult to be predicted in advance by using the gauge‐measured precipitation, especially when the lead time is larger than the flow concentration time. However, with the WRF forecasts, the occurrence of flood events can be predicted for longer lead times. This study also demonstrates that the temporal and spatial patterns of precipitation forecasts have an important impact on the prediction of both timing and magnitude of incoming floods.
Effects of alpha‐synuclein post‐translational modifications on metal binding
Authors: González Nazareno , Arcos‐López Trinidad , König Annekatrin , Quintanar Liliana , Menacho Márquez Mauricio , Outeiro Tiago F. , Fernández Claudio O. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractParkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Neurodegeneration in this pathology is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, coupled with cytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies containing α‐synuclein. The brain is an organ that concentrates metal ions, and there is emerging evidence that a break‐down in metal homeostasis may be a critical factor in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. α‐synuclein has emerged as an important metal‐binding protein in the brain, whereas these interactions play an important role in its aggregation and might represent a link between protein aggregation, oxidative damage, and neuronal cell loss. Additionally, α‐synuclein undergoes several post‐translational modifications that regulate its structure and physiological function, and may be linked to the aggregation and/or oligomer formation. This review is focused on the interaction of this protein with physiologically relevant metal ions, highlighting the cases where metal‐AS interactions profile as key modulators for its structural, aggregation, and membrane‐binding properties. The impact of α‐synuclein phosphorylation and N‐terminal acetylation in the metal‐binding properties of the protein are also discussed, underscoring a potential interplay between PTMs and metal ion binding in regulating α‐synuclein physiological functions and its role in pathology.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Synuclein”.
Current status and potential role of circular RNAs in neurological disorders
Authors: Lu Shanshan , Yang Xue , Wang Chudong , Chen Siqi , Lu Shuang , Yan Weitao , Xiong Kun , Liu Fengxia , Yan Jie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiven the importance of non‐coding RNAs in modulating normal brain functions and their implications in the treatment of neurological disorders, non‐coding RNA‐based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have shown great clinical potential. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as potentially important players in this field. Recent studies have indicated that circRNAs might play vital roles in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ischemic brain injury, and neurotoxicity. However, the mechanisms of action of circRNAs have not been fully characterized. We aimed to review recent advances in circRNA research in the brain to provide new insights on the roles of circRNAs in neurological disorders.
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Effects of 8 weeks of masticatory muscles focused endurance exercises on women with oro‐facial pain and temporomandibular disorders: A placebo randomised controlled trial
Authors: Barbosa Michelle Almeida , Tahara Ariany Klein , Ferreira Isabella Christina , Intelangelo Leonardo , Barbosa Alexandre Carvalho 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundExercises are used to treat temporomandibular disorders (TMD), but they are often assessed with other therapies. Local endurance exercises may alter the resistance to fatigue and pain.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of an 8‐week protocol of local endurance exercises of masticatory muscles on muscle excitation, force response, perceived pain and over muscle efficiency.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingAmbulatory care.SubjectsIn a placebo randomised controlled trial, 46 women with TMD and oro‐facial pain were randomised into intervention group and placebo group. The intervention group received a protocol of biting endurance exercises, controlled by biofeedback. The placebo group received a placebo (simulated laser therapy).Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcomes were collected at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Pain was assessed through visual analogue scale (VAS) and pressure pain thresholds (PPT). Bite force was collected by a load cell synchronised with surface electromyography of masticatory muscles, bilaterally.ResultsPain scores decreased for both groups, but the intervention group showed lower values at 8 weeks. No differences were noted between groups for PPT, but the results increased for both overtime. Time until fatigue and muscle efficiency were higher in the intervention group vs placebo group in both within‐ and between‐subject analysis. Force increased from 4 to 8 weeks in the PG, without differences between groups. Temporal muscle excitation was higher on 8 weeks compared with baseline for the intervention group, without differences between groups.ConclusionEight‐week exercise protocol of muscle endurance alleviates the pain and improves the resistance to fatigue and muscle efficiency in TMD subjects.
Factors Associated with School Nurses' and Personnel's Professional Practice to Encourage Parents to Vaccinate Against Human Papillomavirus
Authors: Rosen Brittany L. , Rhodes Darson , Visker Joseph , Cox Carolyn , Banez J. Christian , Lasser Benjamin 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool nurses and personnel play a vital role in promoting the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with school nurses' and personnel's professional practice to provide parents with HPV vaccine information and to encourage parents to vaccinate their child against HPV.METHODSSchool nurses and personnel from Ohio and Missouri completed a survey to assess their professional practice in providing HPV vaccine information and encouraging parents to vaccinate their child against HPV. Independent variables included demographics, HPV knowledge/attitudes, perceptions of their as an opinion leader for the HPV vaccine, self‐efficacy to provide vaccine education, and perception of school district support.RESULTSProviding parents with HPV vaccine information was predicted by age, role within the school, grade‐serving, knowledge, perceptions, self‐efficacy, and district support; accounting for 38% of the variance (p < .000, R2 = .38). Encouraging parents to vaccinate their child against HPV was predicted by perception, self‐efficacy, and grade‐serving; accounting for 39% of the variance (p < .000, R2 = .39).CONCLUSIONSTo enhance school nurses' and personnel's professional practice, interventions should focus on nurses' and personnel's perception of their role as opinion leaders and self‐efficacy to provide HPV education and vaccine recommendation.
Outsider Privileges Can Lead to Insider Disadvantages: Some Psychosocial Aspects of Ableism
Authors: Dunn Dana S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPeople with disabilities are sometimes described as an invisible minority group, one that frequently encounters ableism in the course of daily life. Ableism entails biased ideas and assumptions, as well as prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory acts, aimed at people with disabilities. This article examines how and why ableism poses distinct social and psychological privileges for outsiders (the nondisabled) and resulting disadvantages for insiders (people with disabilities). Four theories accounting for outsiders’ ableism directed at insiders are presented: just world theory, mourning, suffering and meaning, and the fundamental negative bias. The consequences of ableism for people with disabilities are then discussed, including internalized ableism, deindividuation, stigmatization and stereotyping, and the problems posed by benign ableism. I argue that sometimes ableism represents a form of outsider privilege, one allowing nondisabled people to feel, think, and act in ways that often unknowingly promote their social and psychological interests over people with disabilities. I then conclude the article by calling for efforts to better educate nondisabled people regarding guidelines for constructively engaging people with disabilities as a matter of social policy.
Calcitriol suppresses lipopolysaccharide‐induced alveolar bone damage in rats by regulating T helper cell subset polarization
Authors: Bi Chun‐Sheng , Wang Jia , Qu Hong‐Lei , Li Xuan , Tian Bei‐Min , Ge Shaohua , Chen Fa‐Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the immunomodulatory properties of calcitriol in bone metabolism have been documented for decades, its therapeutic role in the management of periodontitis remains largely unexplored. In this study, we hypothesized that calcitriol suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced alveolar bone loss by regulating T helper (Th) cell subset polarization.MethodsTo test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of calcitriol intervention on the development of LPS‐induced periodontitis in rats in terms of bone loss (micro‐CT analysis), local inflammatory infiltration levels, the number of osteoclasts (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and the level of osteoclastogenesis (tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase method). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression levels of the receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) as well as the cytokine levels of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐17, and IL‐10 throughout the LPS‐injected region. Finally, the polarization potential of Th cells in peripheral blood was analyzed using flow cytometry.ResultsCalcitriol intervention decreased alveolar bone loss in response to LPS injection and inflammatory cell infiltration. Analysis of osteoclast number and RANKL and OPG expression showed that bone resorption activity was largely suppressed in response to calcitriol administration, along with decreased IL‐17 levels but increased IL‐4 and IL‐10 levels in periodontal tissues (the LPS‐injected region). Similarly, the percentages of Th2 and Treg cells in peripheral blood increased, but the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells decreased in rats receiving calcitriol.ConclusionOur findings suggest that calcitriol can be used to inhibit bone loss in experimental periodontitis, likely via the regulation of local and systemic Th cell polarization.
Let's not get tied into knots: a response to Newman, (2018)—Vygotsky, Wittgenstein and sociocultural theory
Authors: Lantolf James P. , Xi Jiao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe September 2018 issue of this journal included an article by Newman, (2018) that challenges research carried out on second language acquisition (henceforth, SCT‐L2) informed by the psychological theory proposed by L. S. Vygotsky. We would like to respond to Newman's critique, which he problematizes as three “knots” that he then undertakes to untie through analysis of Vygotsky's writings contained in Vygotsky's two most popular works, Thought and Language and Mind in Society. We first summarize Newman's knots and his approach to untying them. We then present our response to each of these in turn.
‘Waiting in the wings’; Lived experience at the threshold of clinical practice
Authors: Coakley Niamh , O'Leary Paula , Bennett Deirdre 
Published: May 2019

ContextThe transition to clinical practice is challenging. Lack of preparedness and issues with support, responsibility and complex workplace interactions contribute to the difficulties encountered. The first year of clinical practice is associated with negative consequences for new doctors’ health and well‐being. The contemporaneous lived experience of new graduates on the threshold of clinical practice has not been described. Deeper understanding of this phase may inform interventions to ease the transition from student to doctor.MethodsWe used interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore the individual experience of making the transition from medical student to doctor, focusing on the period prior to commencing clinical practice. Fourteen recent graduates were purposively recruited, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted with each, with respect to how they anticipated the transition.ResultsWe draw on the metaphor of the actor ‘waiting in the wings’ to describe participants’ lived experience on the threshold of practice. The experience of the actor, about to step into the spotlight, was mirrored in participants’ perceptions of an abrupt transformation to come, mixed feelings about what lay ahead, and the various strategies that they had planned to help them to perform their new role convincingly.DiscussionParticipants in this study braced themselves for a trial by ordeal as they contemplated commencing clinical practice. The hidden curriculum shaped their understanding of what was expected of them as new doctors, and inspired dysfunctional strategies to meet expectations. Solutions to make the experience a more positive one lie in the approximation of the roles of senior medical student and newly qualified doctor, in explicitly addressing the hidden curriculum and generating cultural change. An emphasis on experience‐based learning through contribution to patient care, guided reflection on the hidden curriculum and shifting cultural expectations through faculty development and strong local leadership can contribute to these objectives.
Aurora kinase Ipl1 facilitates bilobed distribution of clustered kinetochores to ensure error‐free chromosome segregation in Candida albicans
Authors: Varshney Neha , Sanyal Kaustuv 
Published: May 2019

SummaryCandida albicans, an ascomycete, has an ability to switch to diverse morphological forms. While C. albicans is predominatly diploid, it can tolerate aneuploidy as a survival strategy under stress. Aurora kinase B homolog Ipl1 is a critical ploidy regulator that controls microtubule dynamics and chromosome segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we show that Ipl1 in C. albicans has a longer activation loop than that of the well‐studied ascomycete S. cerevisiae. Ipl1 localizes to the kinetochores during the G1/S phase and associates with the spindle during mitosis. Ipl1 regulates cell morphogenesis and is required for cell viability. Ipl1 monitors microtubule dynamics which is mediated by separation of spindle pole bodies. While Ipl1 is dispensable for maintaining structural integrity and clustering of kinetochores in C. albicans, it is required for the maintenance of bilobed distribution of clustered kinetochores along the mitotic spindle. Depletion of Ipl1 results in erroneous kinetochore‐microtubule attachments leading to aneuploidy due to which the organism can survive better in the presence of fluconazole. Taking together, we suggest that Ipl1 spatiotemporally ensures bilobed kinetochore distribution to facilitate bipolar spindle assembly crucial for ploidy maintenance in C. albicans.
Mannan oligosaccharides trigger multiple defence responses in rice and tobacco as a novel danger‐associated molecular pattern
Authors: Zang Haoyu , Xie Shanshan , Zhu Bichun , Yang Xue , Gu Chunyan , Hu Benjin , Gao Tongchun , Chen Yu , Gao Xuewen 
Published: May 2019

SummaryOligosaccharide, a typical danger‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP), has been studied and applied as plant defence elicitor for several years. Here, we report a novel oligosaccharide, mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) with a degree of polymerization of 2–6, which was hydrolysed from locust bean gum by a newly reported enzyme, BpMan5. The MOS treatment can significantly enhance the generation of signalling molecules such as intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species. Subsequent defence events like stomata closure and cell death were also caused by MOS, eventually leading to the prevention of pathogen invasion or expansion. Transcriptional expression assay indicated that MOS activated mitogen‐activated protein kinase cascades in tobacco and rice via different cascading pathways. The expression levels of the defence‐related genes PR‐1a and LOX were both up‐regulated after MOS treatment, suggesting that MOS may simultaneously activate salicylic acid and jasmonic acid‐dependent signalling pathways. Furthermore, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis showed that MOS led to the accumulation of four phytoalexins (momilactone A, phytocassane A, phytocassane D, and phytocassane E) in rice seedling leaves within 12–24 h. Finally, MOS conferred resistance in rice and tobacco against Xanthomonas oryzae and Phytophthora nicotianae, respectively. Taken together, our results indicated that MOS, a novel DAMP, could trigger multiple defence responses to prime plant resistance and has a great potential as plant defence elicitor for the management of plant disease.
Worker–Plant Matching and Ownership Change*
Authors: Balsvik Ragnhild , Haller Stefanie A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIs a change in ownership an opportunity for the new owners to make systematic changes to the workforce of the acquired plant? Using matched employer–employee data, we document changes to the workforce along observable and unobservable dimensions of worker quality around the time of ownership change. We observe above‐average separations of workers around domestic acquisitions. This is associated with a decline in unobserved worker quality in the plant. Foreign acquisitions are not associated with above‐average worker turnover; instead, new foreign owners share rents with the high‐skilled workers who are already in the plant before the acquisition.
Wage Cyclicality and Composition Bias in the Norwegian Economy*
Authors: Dapi Bjorn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing employer–employee register data, I estimate the real wage semi‐elasticity of aggregate unemployment for the years 1997–2014 in the Norwegian private sector. An increase of 1 percentage point in aggregate unemployment is associated with an average decrease of 2 percent in (total) daily wages. Although Norway has influential labor market institutions, wages in the Norwegian private sector are quite sensitive to business‐cycle fluctuations. Gender differences in wage cyclicality and compositional variation are considerable. Men have significantly more procyclical wages than women, and appear more likely to upgrade procyclically to better‐paying firms.
Design of heterogeneous mechanical tests: Numerical methodology and experimental validation
Authors: Aquino José , Andrade‐Campos A. Gil , Martins João M. P. , Thuillier Sandrine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStandard material parameters identification strategies for constitutive equations generally use an extensive number of classical tests for collecting the required experimental data. Recently, new specimen geometries for heterogeneous tests were designed to enhance the richness of the strain field and capture supplementary strain states using full‐field measurement techniques. The butterfly specimen is an example of such a geometry, designed through a numerical optimization procedure where an indicator capable of evaluating the heterogeneity and the richness of strain information is used. The aim of this work is to experimentally validate the heterogeneous butterfly mechanical test in the parameter identification framework. Blanks of mild steel DC04 are cut with the butterfly geometry, and specific grips are designed. Tests are performed with Digital Image Correlation technique, and a Finite Element Model Update inverse strategy is used for the parameter identification, as well as the calculation of the indicator. The identification strategy is accomplished with the data obtained from the experimental tests, and the results are compared with quasi‐homogeneous tests.