bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms on the antiplatelet effects of prasugrel in patients with non-cardioembolic stroke previously treated with clopidogrel
Authors: Kitazono Takanari , Ikeda Yasuo , Nishikawa Masakatsu , Yoshiba Satoshi , Abe Kenji , Ogawa Akira 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis randomized double-blind crossover study aimed to investigate the influence of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 polymorphisms on the antiplatelet effects of prasugrel in patients with non-cardioembolic stroke treated with clopidogrel. Patients received clopidogrel 75 mg/day for > 4 weeks. Subsequently, patients received prasugrel 3.75 mg/day (group A;n = 64) or 2.5 mg/day (group B;n = 65) for 4 weeks followed by a 4 week switched-dose regimen. To assess the influence of CYP2C19 polymorphisms, patients were classified as extensive metabolizers (EMs), intermediate metabolizers (IMs), and poor metabolizers (PMs). The primary endpoint was P2Y12reaction units (PRU) at the end of each 4 week treatment. A significant reduction in PRU was noted after treatment with prasugrel 3.75 mg/day compared with the pre-dose value (after treatment with clopidogrel) (p < 0.0001). By CYP2C19 phenotypes, a significant reduction in PRU was noted in IMs and PMs after treatment with prasugrel 3.75 mg/day and in PMs after treatment with prasugrel 2.5 mg/day, as compared with the pre-dose value (p < 0.0001). The plasma concentration of the active metabolite of clopidogrel was relatively low in PMs compared to EMs and IMs; prasugrel was similar across all CYP2C19 phenotypes. No major or clinically significant hemorrhagic adverse events occurred. By CYP2C19 phenotype, the antiplatelet effects of prasugrel were greater with 3.75 mg/day in IMs and PMs, and with 2.5 mg/day in PMs compared with clopidogrel 75 mg/day, without safety concerns. CYP2C19 polymorphisms did not affect the plasma concentration of the active metabolite of prasugrel or its antiplatelet effects. (JapicCTI-101044).
Thermocapillary instability as a mechanism for film boiling collapse
Authors: Aursand Eskil , Davis Stephen H. , Ytrehus Tor 
Published: August 2018

We construct a model to investigate the interfacial stability of film boiling, and discover that instability of very thin vapour films and subsequent large interface superheating is only possible if thermocapillary instabilities are present. The model concerns horizontal saturated film boiling, and includes novel features such as non-equilibrium evaporation based on kinetic theory, thermocapillary and vapour thrust stresses and van der Waals interactions. From linear stability analysis applied to this model, we are led to suggest that vapour film collapse depends on a balance between thermocapillary instabilities and vapour thrust stabilization. This yields a purely theoretical prediction of the Leidenfrost temperature. Given that the evaporation coefficient is in the range 0.7–1.0, this model is consistent with the average Leidenfrost temperature of every fluid for which data could be found. With an evaporation coefficient of 0.85, the model can predict the Leidenfrost point within 10 % error for every fluid, including cryogens and liquid metals where existing models and correlations fail.
On the exploration of graphical and analytical investigation of effect of critical beam power on self-focusing of cosh-Gaussian laser beams in collisionless magnetized plasma
Authors: Urunkar T. U. , Patil S. D. , Valkunde A. T. , Vhanmore B. D. , Gavade K. M. , Takale M. V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe paper gives graphical and analytical investigation of the effect of critical beam power on self-focusing of cosh-Gaussian laser beams in collisionless magnetized plasma under ponderomotive non-linearity. The standard Akhmanov's parabolic equation approach under Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial approximations is employed to investigate the propagation of cosh-Gaussian laser beams in collisionless magnetized plasma. Especially, the concept of numerical intervals and turning points of critical beam power has evolved through graphical analysis of beam-width parameter differential equation of cosh-Gaussian laser beams. The results are discussed in the light of numerical intervals and turning points.
Design and application of an adaptive backstepping sliding mode controller for a six-DOF quadrotor aerial robot
Authors: Basri Mohd Ariffanan Mohd 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYThe quadrotor aerial robot is a complex system and its dynamics involve nonlinearity, uncertainty, and coupling. In this paper, an adaptive backstepping sliding mode control (ABSMC) is presented for stabilizing, tracking, and position control of a quadrotor aerial robot subjected to external disturbances. The developed control structure integrates a backstepping and a sliding mode control approach. A sliding surface is introduced in a Lyapunov function of backstepping design in order to further improve robustness of the system. To attenuate a chattering problem, a saturation function is used to replace a discontinuous sign function. Moreover, to avoid a necessity for knowledge of a bound of external disturbance, an online adaptation law is derived. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has been adopted to find parameters of the controller. Simulations using a dynamic model of a six degrees of freedom (DOF) quadrotor aerial robot show the effectiveness of the approach in performing stabilization and position control even in the presence of external disturbances.
Cross-cultural validation of the Brazilian version of the spiritual care competence scale
Authors: Dezorzi Luciana Winterkorn , Raymundo Márcia Mocellin , Goldim José Roberto , van Leeuwen René 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the cross-cultural validation and psychometric evaluation of the Spiritual Care Competence Scale – Brazilian Portuguese version. This reliable and valid instrument is recommended in the literature to measure the outcomes of the education process in the development of spiritual care competences.MethodThis is a cross-sectional validation study following the stages proposed by Beaton et al.: translation into Portuguese, back translation into English, expert committee review for semantic equivalence, assessment of the clarity of the pre-final version, and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the final version in Portuguese. Health professionals working at a public hospital in South Brazil participated in the different stages of this study.ResultRegarding internal consistency, total Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 and the mean inter-item correlation was 0.29. The test-retest procedure showed no statistically significant differences in the six subscales. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.67 to 0.84, demonstrating the stability of the scale.Significance of resultsThe results support the psychometric quality of the scale and indicate that the adapted instrument is a valid and reliable scale with good internal consistency for measuring spiritual care competencies of health professionals in Brazilian healthcare settings.
Wernicke encephalopathy in a lung cancer patient during treatment with nivolumab
Authors: Onishi Hideki , Ishida Mayumi , Kagamu Hiroshi , Murayama Yoshitake , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Sato Izumi , Uchida Nozomu , Akechi Tatsuo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveWernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by thiamine deficiency. It is recognized in various stages of the cancer trajectory but has not previously been recognized during nivolumab treatment.MethodFrom a series of WE patients with cancer, we report a lung cancer patient who developed WE during treatment with nivolumab.ResultA 78-year-old woman with lung cancer was referred to our psycho-oncology clinic because of depressed mood. Psychiatric examination revealed disorientation to time, date, and place, which had not been recognized 1 month previously. Her symptoms fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for delirium. No laboratory findings or drugs explaining her delirium were identified. WE was suspected as she experienced a loss of appetite lasting 4 weeks. This diagnosis was supported by abnormal serum thiamine and the disappearance of delirium after intravenous thiamine administration.Significance of resultsWe found WE in an advanced lung cancer patient receiving treatment with nivolumab. Further study revealed the association between nivolumab and thiamine deficiency. Oncologists should consider thiamine deficiency when a patient experiences a loss of appetite of more than 2 weeks regardless of the presence or absence of delirium.
Psychometric evaluation and cultural adaptation of the Spanish version of the “Scale for End-of Life Caregiving Appraisal”
Authors: Hernández-Padilla José Manuel , Correa-Casado Matías , Granero-Molina José , Cortés-Rodríguez Alda Elena , Matarín-Jiménez Tamara María , Fernández-Sola Cayetano 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo translate, culturally adapt, and psychometrically evaluate the Spanish version of the “Scale for End-of Life Caregiving Appraisal” (SEOLCAS).MethodObservational cross-sectional study. Convenience sample of 201 informal end-of-life caregivers recruited in a southern Spanish hospital. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through its internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and temporal stability (Pearson's correlation coefficient [r] between test-retest). The content validity index of the items and the scale was calculated. Criterion validity was explored through performing a linear regression analysis to evaluate the SEOLCAS’ predictive validity. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine its construct validity.ResultsThe SEOLCAS’ reliability was very high (Cronbach's α = 0.92). Its content validity was excellent (all items’ content validity index = 0.8–1; scale's validity index = 0.88). Evidence of the SEOLCAS’ criterion validity showed that the participants’ scores on the SEOLCAS explained approximately 79.3% of the between-subject variation of their results on the Zarit Burden Interview. Exploratory factor analysis provided evidence of the SEOLCAS’ construct validity. This analysis revealed that two factors (“internal contingencies” and “external contingencies”) explained 53.77% of the total variance found and reflected the stoic Hispanic attitude toward adversity.Significance of resultsThe Spanish version of the SEOLCAS has shown to be an easily applicable, valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate tool to measure the impact of end-of-life care provision on Hispanic informal caregivers. This tool offers healthcare professionals the opportunity to easily explore Hispanic informal end-of-life caregivers’ experiences and discover the type of support they may need (instrumental or emotional) even when there are communicational and organizational constraints.
Identification of major insect pests of Amaranthus spp. and germplasm screening for insect resistance in Tanzania
Authors: Smith Jason D. , Dinssa Fekadu F. , Anderson Robert S. , Su Fu-cheng , Srinivasan Ramasamy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVegetable and grain amaranths represent a vital source of micronutrients and protein in Asia and Africa. However, various foliar lepidopteran pests and stem-mining weevils hinder amaranth production. Insect-resistant cultivars can enhance the productivity of this crop. Here, we report on the performances of amaranth varieties screened for their resistance to insect pests under the field conditions at The World Vegetable Center stations in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted two preliminary screening trials with a total of 263 entries from around the world in Taiwan and a third preliminary screening trial with 49 African-indigenous entries in Tanzania. Promising entries from these preliminary trials were collectively evaluated in an advanced screening trial in Tanzania, to identify lines resistant to foliar and stem-boring pests in East Africa. Four entries exhibited moderate resistance to foliar pests: TZ51 and TZ53 (Amaranthus cruentus), TZ34 (A. dubius) and TZ39 (Amaranthus sp.). Five entries showed moderate resistance to stem weevils: TZ06 and TZ27 (A. cruentus), TZ52 (A. graecizans), TZ59 (A. palmeri) and TZ07 (Amaranthus sp.). Lepidopteran pests affecting leaves were reared to adulthood and identified as Spoladea recurvalis (Crambidae), Spodoptera exigua (Noctuidae) and Spodoptera littoralis (Noctuidae). Stem weevil larvae were also reared and identified as: Neocleonus sannio Herbst, Gasteroclisus pr. rhomboidalis Boheman, Hypolixus pr. haerens Boheman and Baradine sp. (Curculionidae). These results highlight key amaranth pests in East Africa and identify insect-resistant entries that will be useful in breeding programmes and resistance studies.
Distribution functions for resonantly trapped orbits in our Galaxy
Authors: Monari G. , Famaey B. , Fouvry J.-B. , Binney J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe show how to capture the behaviour of the phase-space distribution function (DF) of a Galactic disc stellar population at a resonance. This is done by averaging the Hamiltonian over fast angle variables and re-expressing the DF in terms of a new set of canonical actions and angles variables valid in the resonant region. We then assign to the resonant DF the time average along the orbits of the axisymmetric DF expressed in the new set of actions and angles. This boils down to phase-mixing the DF in terms of the new angles, such that the DF for trapped orbits only depends on the new set of actions. This opens the way to quantitatively fitting the effects of the bar and spirals to Gaia data in terms of distribution functions in action space.
New insights on the origin of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters
Authors: Kim Jaeyeon , Lee Young-Wook 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn order to investigate the origin of multiple stellar populations in the halo and bulge of the Milky Way, we have constructed chemical evolution models for the low-mass proto-Galactic subsystems such as globular clusters (GCs). Unlike previous studies, we assume that supernova blast waves undergo blowout without expelling the pre-enriched gas, while relatively slow winds of massive stars (WMS), together with the winds and ejecta from low and intermediate mass asymptotic-giant-branch stars (AGBs), are all locally retained in these less massive systems. We find that the observed Na-O anti-correlations in metal-poor GCs can be reproduced, when multiple episodes of starbursts are allowed to continue in these subsystems. A specific form of star formation history (SFH) with decreasing time intervals between the stellar generations, however, is required to obtain this result, which is in good agreement with the parameters obtained from our stellar evolution models for the horizontal-branch. The “mass budget problem” is also much alleviated by our models without ad-hoc assumptions on star formation efficiency (SFE) and initial mass function (IMF). We also applied these models to investigate the origin of super-helium-rich red clump stars in the metal-rich bulge as recently suggested by Lee et al. (2015). We find that chemical enrichments by the WMS can naturally reproduce the required helium enhancement (ΔY/ΔZ = 6) for the second generation stars. Disruption of proto-GCs in a hierarchical merging paradigm would have provided helium enhanced stars to the bulge field.
Impact of NLTE on determinations of atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of very metal-poor stars
Authors: Mashonkina Lyudmila , Sitnova Tatyana , Pakhomov Yuri , Ryabchikova Tatyana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBased on high-resolution spectral observations for a sample of very metal-poor stars, we investigate how well stellar chemical abundances can be derived with available theoretical methods and computational tools.
Can we really use chemical properties of red-giant stars as age indicators?
Authors: Lagarde Nadège , Robin A. C. , Reylé C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe cornerstone mission of the European Space Agency, Gaia, together with forthcoming complementary surveys (CoRoT, Kepler, K2, APOGEE and Gaia-ESO), will revolutionize our understanding of the formation and history of our Galaxy, providing accurate stellar masses, radii, ages, distances, as well as chemical properties for a very large sample of stars across different Galactic stellar populations. Using improved population synthesis approach and new stellar evolution models we attempt to evaluate the possibility to derive ages of clump stars from their chemical properties. A new version of the Besançon Galaxy models (BGM) is used in which new stellar evolutionary tracks are computed from the stellar evolution code STAREVOL. The effects of mixing on chemical composition of the stellar photosphere has a significant impact on the determined stellar age from the observed [C/N] ratio. We clearly show that transport processes occurring in red-giant stars should be taken into account in the determination of ages for future Galactic archaeology studies.
Carbon-enhanced metal-poor 3D model atmospheres
Authors: Steffen M. , Gallagher A. J. , Caffau E. , Bonifacio P. , Ludwig H.-G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present our latest 3D model atmospheres for carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars computed with the CO5BOLD code. The stellar parameters are representative of hot turn-off objects (Teff ~ 6250 K, log g = 4.0, [Fe/H]=−3). The main purpose of these models is to investigate the role of 3D effects on synthetic spectra of the CH G-band (4140-4400 Å), the CN BX-band (3870-3890 Å), and several UV OH transitions (3122-3128 Å). By comparison with the synthetic spectra from standard 1D model atmospheres (assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium, LTE), we derive 3D abundance corrections for carbon and oxygen of up to −0.5 and −0.7 dex, respectively.
Ages for large samples of stars - caveats and uncertainties
Authors: Noels-Grötsch Arlette 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough a stellar age accuracy of about 10 % seems to be a reasonable requirement to draw a time line in the evolution of our Galaxy as well as in the formation and evolution of exo-planetary systems, theoretical stellar models are at present still too imperfect to really achieve this goal. Asteroseismic observations are definitely of invaluable assistance, especially if individual pulsation frequencies are available, which is still far from common. Large stellar samples are now in the spotlight with two different lines of attack, spectroscopic and photometric surveys as well as asteroseismic missions. I shall review the problems arising from stellar physics in the context of large stellar samples of main sequence and red giant stars, and I shall raise some alarm bells but also highlight some positive news for a drastic improvement in stellar age determinations below the limit of 10 % in a foreseeable future.
Abundance Analysis for Extremely Metal-Poor Stars from SDSS/SEGUE
Authors: Matsuno T. , Aoki W. , Beers T. C. , Lee Y. S. , Honda S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report the results of abundance analysis for high-resolution spectra of eight extremely metal-poor turn-off stars selected from SDSS/SEGUE. Based on differential analysis adopting stellar parameters from Balmer line profiles, we obtain the following results: i) Statistically significant scatter is found in [X/Fe] (X=Na, Mg, Cr, Ti, Sr and Ba), among which [Na/Fe] shows an apparent bimodal distribution, ii) Li abundances are ~0.3 dex lower in [Fe/H]&lt;−3.5 than the Spite plateau value without significant scatter.
Metallicity Structure across the Galactic Disk: Radio Observations of H ii Regions
Authors: Balser Dana S. , Wenger Trey V. , Bania T. M. , Anderson L. D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHii regions are the sites of massive star formation and are the archetypal tracers of spiral arms. Because of their short lifetimes (&lt;10 Myr) their abundances provide a measure of the nuclear processing of many stellar generations. Here we review our ongoing efforts to explore the metallicity structure of the Galactic disk by observing radio recombination line (RRL) and thermal radio continuum emission toward Hii regions. The RRL-to-continuum ratio provides an accurate measure of the electron temperature which is used as a proxy for metallicity. Since collisionally excited lines from metals (e.g., O, C) are the main coolant in Hii regions, the thermal electron temperature is well correlated with metallicity (e.g., [O/H]). We determine Hii region distances from maser parallax measurements when possible; otherwise we use kinematic distances. Such radio diagnostics of Hii regions yield an extinction free tracer to map the metallicity distribution across the entire Galactic disk.
Lifting the Veil on Ultra Metal-Poor Stars in the Outermost Halo
Authors: Yoon Jinmi , Whitten Devin D. , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M. , Lee Young Sun , Dietz Sarah , Gudin Dmitrii , Rasmussen Kaitlin C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe study of extremely metal-poor (EMP; [Fe/H] &lt;−3.0) and ultra metal-poor (UMP; [Fe/H] &lt;−4.0) stars is crucial for better understanding first-star nucleosynthesis and constraining the initial mass function in the early Universe. However, UMP stars discovered in the past 25 years only number ~25. A few recent theoretical studies have pointed out that there is likely to exist large numbers of EMP and UMP stars in the periphery of the Galactic halo, at distances exceeding 30-50 kpc. We present identifications of several new EMP/UMP stars and introduce a survey to expedite discovering hundreds to thousands of EMP/UMP stars in the outermost halo (as well as in the local volume) over the next few years, which could revolutionize chemical-evolution studies of the Galaxy.
Vertical velocity patterns in the Milky Way disc: RAVE-Gaia streaming motions
Authors: Carrillo I. , Minchev I. , Kordopatis G. , Steinmetz M. ,   RAVE
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing data from the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) and the Tycho- Gaia astrometric solution catalogue (TGAS), we study the vertical velocity (Vz) patterns in the Milky Way disc. We search in particular for variation in velocity with distance above and below the disc midplane. In contrast to previous suggestions of a breathing mode seen in RAVE data, our results support a combination of bending and breathing modes, likely generated by a combination of external or internal and external mechanisms.
LAMOST-Subaru exploration of chemical relics of first stars
Authors: Li Haining , Aoki Wako , Zhao Gang , Suda Takuma , Honda Satoshi , Christlieb Norbert , Matsuno Tadafumi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVery metal-poor (VMP) stars preserve chemical signatures of early generations of stars, and are crutial to understand the early nucleosynthesis and first stars. Millions of stellar spectra obtained by LAMOST provide an unprecedented chance to enlarge the currently limited VMP star sample. Since 2014, a joint project on searching for VMP stars has been conducted based on the LAMOST survey and Subaru follow-up observations. So far, the project has obtained chemical abundances for about 250 VMP stars and a number of chemically interesting objects, e.g., three ultra metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] ~ − 4.0, a dozen Li-rich VMP stars distributed in a wide range of evolutionary stages. Statistics of the large homogeneous sample of VMP stars will be of great interest and importance to probe the chemical enrichment in the early Galaxy and low-mass star evolution.