bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoradiographic Observation of Platelets in Cerebrovascular Injuries Induced by Arachidonic Acid and its Prevention by Ticlopidine
Authors: Fujimoto Tsukasa , Suzuki Hidenori , Tanoue Kenjiro , Fukushima Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Hiroh 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe behavior of circulating 111In-labeled platelets in cerebrovascular injuries induced by arachidonic acid injection was studied. Fourteen rabbits were pretreated with the antiplatelet agent ticlopidine, and 10 rabbits were used for controls. Arachidonic acid (AA, 0.7 mg/kg) was injected into the internal carotid artery. Prior to the injection, platelets labeled with 111In- oxine were injected for autoradiography of the brain. Evans blue was injected as an indicator of blood-brain barrier disturbance. Nine control animals showed marked blue staining, and one showed slight blue staining. Seven out of the 14 pretreated animals showed slight or no staining, while 7 showed intensive staining. The distributions of the blue staining and the radioactivity showed high correlation. In the rabbits whose platelet aggrega- bility was depressed by ticlopidine, lower blue staining as well as lower radioactivity was observed. Our findings suggest that activated platelets have an important role in the genesis of cerebrovascular injuries.
Detection and Quantitative Evaluation of Lupus Circulating Anticoagulant Activity
Authors: Rosner Esther , Pauzner Rachel , Lusky Ayala , Modan Michaela , Many Amira 
Published: June 2018

SummarySixty-six SLE patients were studied for the presence of lupus type circulating anticoagulant. Forty-nine percent of them showed activity of this anticoagulant. The sensitivity of various coagulation tests was compared. Recalcification time was found to be the most sensitive screening test and the kaolin clotting time mixture test, the best for determining the presence of the anticoagulant.Tissue thromboplastin inhibition test detected only half of the patients in whom the anticoagulant was found by recalcification time and kaolin clotting time mixture test.APTT, using 2 different reagents, resulted in 73% and 52% false negatives. A numerical index for determining the presence of the anticoagulant and its quantitative evaluation is suggested.The association between thromboembolic events, recurrent abortions and the different coagulation tests is shown.
Effect of a Synthetic Thrombin Inhibitor MCI-9038 on Experimental Models of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Rabbits
Authors: Hara H , Tamao Y , Kikumoto R , Okamoto S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe examined the effect of a synthetic thrombin inhibitor, MCI-9038, on two experimental animal models of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).In a model that DIC induced by the intravenous infusion of thrombin, MCI-9038 suppressed the decrease of platelet count by about 50% at a dose of 0.2 μg/kg/min and almost completely at 2 μg/kg/min. When MCI-9038 was administered orally, the suppressive effect was also observed. Heparin suppressed the platelet count decrease by about 50% at 1 unit/kg/min.In another model of DIC induced by lactic acid and tissue thromboplastin infusion, MCI-9038 prevented the decrease of platelet count and the consumption of coagulation factors. The suppression effect by about 50% on these changes was observed at a dose of 3.16 μg/kg/min. Thromboelastogram pattern indicating the consumption coagulopathy in control experiments was normalized by the MCI-9038 administration. Heparin suppressed the decrease of fibrinogen content as effectively as MCI-9038, but it was less effective on the platelet count decrease.From these results, it was concluded that MCI-9038 might be useful for the treatment of DIC.
Hereditary Heparin Cofactor II Deficiency and the Risk of Development of Thrombosis
Authors: Bertina R M , van der Linden I K , Engesser L , Muller H P , Brommer E J P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHeparin cofactor II (HC II) levels were measured by electroimmunoassay in healthy volunteers, and patients with liver disease, DIC, proteinuria or a history of venous thrombosis. Analysis of the data in 107 healthy volunteers revealed that plasma HC II increases with age (at least between 20 and 50 years). HC II was found to be decreased in most patients with liver disease (mean value: 43%) and only in some patients with DIC. Elevated levels were found in patients with proteinuria (mean value 145%). In 277 patients with a history of unexplained venous thrombosis three patients were identified with a HC II below the lower limit of the normal range (60%). Family studies demonstrated hereditary HC II deficiency in two cases. Among the 9 heterozygotes for HC II deficiency only one patient had a well documented history of unexplained thrombosis. Therefore the question was raised whether heterozygotes for HC II deficiency can also be found among healthy volunteers. When defining a group of individuals suspected of HC II deficiency as those who have a 90% probability that their plasma HC II is below the 95% tolerance limits of the normal distribution in the relevant age group, 2 suspected HC II deficiencies were identified among the healthy volunteers. In one case the hereditary nature of the defect could be established.It is concluded that hereditary HC II deficiency is as prevalent among healthy volunteers as in patients with thrombotic disease. Further it is unlikely that heterozygosity for HC II deficiency in itself is a risk factor for the development of venous thrombosis.
A Sensitive Solid-Phase Immunosorbent Assay for Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Activity in Plasma Using Trinitrobenzoylated Poly-D-Lysine as a Stimulator for Plasminogen Activation
Authors: Petersen Lars Christian , Handest Peter , Brender Jytte , Selmer Johan , Jørgensen Maja , Thorsen Sixtus 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA sensitive, specific and precise immunosorbent assay for tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity in plasma was developed. It measured the single-chain and the two-chain forms of t-PA with equal sensitivity. The assay involved (I) coating of wells in microtiter plates with a monoclonal antibody directed towards an epitope on t-PA apart from the catalytic active site, (II) binding of t-PA to the solid-phase antibody, (III) activation of plasminogen by antibody-bound t-PA in the presence of a new potent stimulator, trinitrobenzyl alkylated poly-D-lysine (TNB-poly-D-Lysine) and measurement of plasmin activity with D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA. Plasma samples were acid-treated and diluted 80 times in order to minimize the inhibitory effect of plasma on the assays. The assay could be performed within one working day with precoated microtiter plates.The sensitivity of the assay for t-PA in plasma was 1 pM (~70 ng/1). The recoveries of single-chain and two-chain t-PA added to plasma was 97-104%. The intraassay coefficient of variation was 3.4-5.1% and the interassay coefficient of variation was 7.8-18%. Resting values of t-PA in plasma for 42 healthy subjects ranged between 0 and 30 pM (median: 4.1 pM). The values after 10 min venous occlusion ranged between 1.2 and 520 pM (median: 100 pM). The t-PA concentrations determined by the immunosorbent assay correlated well with euglobulin clot lysis time measurements (r = 0.940).
The Use of Labelled Fibrinogen in the Diagnosis of Venous Thrombosis
Authors: van der Maas A. P. C , Teulings F. A. G , den Ottolander G. J. H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn 16 normal test persons and 18 patients with venous thrombosis a comparing study with 131I-fibrinogen was made between scintillation counting and measuring the t1/2 in the circulating blood.With both techniques the difference in regard to normals was significant.Measuring the t1/2, however, is more sensitive and is to be prefered.
Enhanced Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in a Patient with Primary Amyloidosis
Authors: Perlin E , Brakman P , Berg H. S , Kirchner P. T , Moquin R. B , Astrup T 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA case of primary amyloidosis associated with blood coagulation abnormalities is presented. Enhancement of coagulation, suspected because of acceleration of the thromboplastin activation test and of abnormal thrombelastography patterns, was confirmed by the presence of thrombi observed at necropsy. Increased systemic fibrinolysis was evidenced by accelerated clot lysis, increased euglobulin activity, and decreased plasminogen. The presence of fragmented red cells in the peripheral blood smear was consistent with a microangiopathic process. Despite these abnormalities, there were no major changes in levels of coagulation factors. Episodes of massive bleeding occurred when major changes in coagulation or fibrinolysis were absent, supporting the suggestion that vascular infiltration by amyloid is a major cause of hemorrhage.
Experimentelle Immunhämolyse und Blutgerinnung
Authors: Janzarik Hilde , Köppler E , Lasch H. G 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungSerum von Enten, die gegen gewaschene Kaninchen-Erythrozyten immunisiert worden waren, wurde Kaninchen injiziert und dadurch eine Hämolyse ausgelöst. Als Kontrolle dienten Kaninchen, die normales Entenserum erhielten. Bei den meisten Hämolysetieren trat ein Schockzustand auf. Es wurden Fibrinogen, Thrombozytenzahl, die Faktoren II, V und VII sowie R-Zeit, K-Zeit und maximale Festigkeit im Thrombelastogramm bestimmt und ein Abfall der einzelnen Faktoren beobachtet, der als Verbrauchskoagulopathie auf gef aßt werden muß. Das Thrombelastogramm läßt eine Kompensation dieser Vorgänge innerhalb der Globalgerinnung erkennen. Bei den Kontrollieren trat kein Schock auf, der Fibrinogenspiegel, die Aktivität der Faktoren II und VII und die maximale Amplitude zeigten keine oder nur unwesentliche Veränderungen. Dagegen fiel die Thrombozytenzahl und die Faktor-V-Aktivität in demselben Maße ab wie bei den Hämolysetieren.
Relationship between Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity and Serum Fibrinogen Degradation Products (FDP) Tested by Various Methods
Authors: Lipiński B , Nowak A , Odrzywolska A , Dosiak J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIt was found in the present work that the level of serum fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) determined by the immunoassay method correlated well with the staphylococcal clumping titer in serum (correlation coefficient r = 0.68). The content of FDP in serum of 30 healthy subjects and patients with various diseases did not correlate, however, neither with blood fibrinolytic activity estimated by the euglobulin clot lysis time, nor with fibrinogen content and plasma anticlotting activity. It is concluded, that FDP appear in circulation as a result of local proteolytic degradation of intravascularly deposited fibrin without generalized activation of fibrinolysis.
Proteolytic Activity of the Activator Produced by Streptokinase in Human Plasma
Authors: Claeys H , Amery A , Verhaeghe R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn the in vitro activation of the fibrinolytic system of human plasma by streptokinase (SK) maximal caseinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity was found at a SK concentration of 2.103 u/ml plasma. At higher concentrations of SK these activities decrease and level off to a plateau at a SK concentration of 105 u/ml plasma for the caseinolytic activity and 104 u/ml plasma for the fibrinogenolytic activity. At these high SK concentrations the caseinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity can not or only slightly be inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor at concentrations, which completely inhibit these activities at lower SK concentrations. The bovine plasminogen activator activity increases with increasing SK concentrations between 103 and 106 u SK/ml plasma. No plateau of maximal activator activity could be demonstrated. It is suggested that the remaining fibrinogenolytic and caseinolytic activity at high SK concentrations is not due to plasmin activity, but that the bovine plasminogen activator has direct caseinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Crîsnic I , Cucuianu M , Manasia M , Uza G 
Published: June 2018

SummaryStarting from a hypothesis according to which disseminated intravascular coagulation might be an intermediary mechanism in the production of acute renal failure, investigations were made in 94 cases of anuria of different etiology, in order to detect signs of a consumption coagulopathy. After an average lapse of time of 48 h since the onset of anuria, the most frequently encountered hemostatic defect was a decreased platelet adhesiveness. In vitro experiments and clinical observations suggest that in the early stage of acute renal failure caused by a septic abortion, deficient platelet adhesiveness is due, mainly to platelet damage caused by intravascular coagulation or by bacterial toxins and not by the retention of metabolites. Euglobulin lysis time was prolonged, but a significant decrease of the plasminogen level indicates that an activation of fibrinolysis might have occured in the evolution of the process.
Coagulation Studies in Acute Hepatic Necrosis
Authors: Böhmig H. J , Abouna G. M , Diez-Pardo J. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn 2 patients with post-hepatitic acute hepatic necrosis, a complex coagulation defect characterized by low levels of prothrombin, factor V, and factor IX, hypofibrinogenemia, thrombocytopenia, and pathologic thrombin time was present. Levels of factor VIII were abnormally elevated. Exchange blood transfusions led to striking but shortlasting improvement in coagulation and were found to be an efficient means in control of bleeding. Extracorporal perfusion of the livers of pigs, and of a human liver raised the levels of the liver-synthesized clotting factors prothrombin, factor V, and factor IX in the patient’s blood. Increase of fibrinogen level occurred solely after 36 h perfusion of a human liver. Adverse effects of extracorporeal liver perfusion were decrease of platelets, fibrinogen, and factor VIII.
Methodische Untersuchungen zur Plättchenaggregation bei der Ratte
Authors: Hohage R , Hiemeyer V 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungAn plättchenreichem Zitrat-Heparin-Plasma wurde nach Rekalzifizierung die Aggregation der Thrombozyten turbidimetrisch untersucht und eine geeignete Quantifizierung der aufgezeichneten Aggregationskurven versucht. Nach Prüfung der Dosierungsabhängigkeit, der Reproduzierbarkeit, der Streubreiten an Normaltieren und der Empfindlichkeit der Methode ergaben sich folgende Resultate :1. Bei der ADP-induzierten Aggregation erwies sich die Desaggregationszeit als geeigneterer Parameter für Vergleichsuntersuchungen an verschiedenen Tieren als die Maximalamplitude.2. Bei der kollageninduzierten Aggregation zeigte sich die Tangente als Parameter der Maximalamplitude überlegen.3. Nur in einem engen Dosierungsbereich des Kollagens, der »optimalen Dosierung«, erlauben die Aggregationskurven exakte Vergleiche. Diese optimale Dosierung muß vor Versuchsbeginn an Normaltieren ausgetestet werden.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Experimental Heatstroke
Authors: Rosenthal T , Shapiro Y , Seligsohn U , Ramot B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHeatstroke was induced experimentally in dogs, in order to clarify the mechanism of haemorrhage in that disorder.Controls were provided both by dogs subjected to maximal effort at normal ambient temperatures and by dogs exposed to high enviromental temperature without exercise.It was found that above a critical temperature (43.3° C), dogs show a typical clinical and laboratory picture of heatstroke, similar to that occurring in human beings.Quick value and platelets dropped markedly, as did most of the clotting factors including factor V, II, VII and X.Factor VIII was sometimes raised, but also fell terminally. Significant fibrinolysis and shortened half life of labelled fibrinogen were further strong indications of general defibrination.The post-mortem presence of thrombi, provided confirmatory evidence of diffuse intravascular clotting (consumption coagulopathy).
Characterization of Procoagulants Produced in Cell Cultures by Tests of Coagulation
Authors: Zacharski L. R , Mcintyre O. R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA potent procoagulant is synthesized by normal human fibroblasts cultivated in vitro. Although evidence is presented indicating that phospholipid (capable of substituting for platelets) and tissue factor (capable of complexing factor VII) are present in homogenates of saline-washed fibroblast monolayers, these substances do not appear to account entirely for the rise in procoagulant levels observed. The behavior of this procoagulant as assessed by a variety of coagulation tests, suggests that the procoagulant has physiologic significance.
Zur Fibrinolyse beim Atemnotsyndrom Plasminogenspiegel im Plasma von Frühgeborenen
Authors: Karitzky D , Pringsheim W , Künzer W 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird über Untersuchungen der Plasminogenspiegel in Plasmen gesunder Frühgeborener und solcher mit Atemnotsyndrom berichtet. Die Bestimmungen erfolgten mit der radialen Immundiffusion unter Verwendung eines Anti-Plasminogenserums. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zeigten eine annähernde Übereinstimmung der im immunologischen Test gefundenen Plasminogenwerte mit dem durch Streptokinase aktivierten Plasminogenproaktivator : Im Falle der unauffälligen Frühgeborenengruppe fanden sich im funktionellen Test jedoch jeweils höhere Werte als bei der immunologischen Bestimmung. Dies könnte als Ausdruck einer besonderen Reaktionsweise des Plasminogens im Neugeborenenplasma gedeutet werden.Die bei unauffälligen Frühgeborenen im Alter von 6 Stunden immunologisch bestimmten Plasminogen werte zeigten keine Korrelation mit dem Geburtsgewicht. Bis zur 48. Lebensstunde stiegen in dieser Gruppe die Plasminogen werte signifikant an. Auch in der Gruppe der an RDS erkrankten, überlebenden Frühgeborenen war ein allerdings nicht signifikanter Anstieg bis zum 2. Lebenstag nachweisbar. Bei den beiden Gruppen von an RDS erkrankten Kindern, die verstarben, lagen die Plasminogenwerte bereits im Alter von 2 Stunden erheblich unter den bei der unauffälligen Vergleichsgruppe gefundenen Werten: Im Falle der ohne Hirnblutung verstorbenen Kinder sank der Wert von 22,9% im Alter von 2 Stunden bis zur 24. Lebensstunde weiter auf 17,8% ab; bei denjenigen Frühgeborenen, die außer dem Atemnotsyndrom noch zusätzlich eine Hirnblutung auf wiesen, schwankten die Werte innerhalb der ersten 24 Lebensstunden nur unwesentlich um niedrigste Werte (17,5% im Alter von 2 Stunden, 17,2% im Alter von 24 Stunden).
Histochemische Untersuchungen der fibrinolytischen Aktivität an experimentell erzeugten Thromben bei Ratten nach Gabe von direkten und indirekten Fibrinolytika
Authors: Denk H , Fischer M 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden bei Ratten durch mechanische Irritation der Venae jugulares experimentell Thromben gesetzt und die Tiere danach mit direkten und indirekten Fibrinolytika behandelt. Mittels der von Todd angegebenen histochemischen Methode zur Darstellung gefäßgebundener fibrinolytischer Aktivität konnte keine Steigerung der fibrinolytischen Aktivität gefunden werden. Mit einer Kombination von direkten und indirekten Fibrinolytika konnte keine Steigerung der fibrinolytischen Aktivität erreicht werden. Nach Behandlung mit Nikotinsäurepräparaten und auch nach Behandlung mit Pyrogenen traten im Bindegewebe fibrinolytisch aktive Bindegewebszellen auf.
Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) Release during Human Platelet Aggregation in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Chmielewski J , Farbiszewski R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe release of platelet factor 4 during platelet aggregation was investigated in diabetic patients. We observed an increased release of platelet factor 4 in diabetic patients.The authors suggest that the increased release of platelet factor 4 may play an essential role in pathogenesis of thromboembolic complications in diabetes mellitus.
Junction Thrombi Deposited on Conducting Materials at Different Potentials
Authors: Ranganathan M , Stempak J. G , Srinivasan S , Sawyer P. N 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe present study reveals that the deposits on metal prostheses maintained at positive (spontaneous) or negative electric potentials are in histologic composition and characteristics of the nature of a thrombus and not of a clot in vitro. The study also shows that thrombic deposits on copper prostheses maintained at negativ potentials are broadly similar in nature and composition though there are some significant distinctions among them. In the study on the sample from a copper prosthesis maintained at a potential of —160 mv where only junctional thrombi were formed, it is observed that within about 200 μl from the prosthetic surface the pattern of composition of thrombus changes. The predominant platelet population with very few erythrocytes and fibrin near the prosthetic surface changes with gradual increase in number of red blood cells into a region predominantly composed of red blood cells. Several distorted blood elements with electron dense inclusions in them, observed close to the prosthetic surface, were more frequently observed in the sample from the copper prosthesis at a potential of —160 mv than in the sample at —110 mv.
Platelet Aggregation Induced by Basement Membranes
Authors: Hugues J , Mahieu P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPurified suspension of basement membranes have been prepared from renal tubules or glomerules.Platelets adhere to fragments of basement membranes. With turbidimetric technique platelets from PRP were aggregated, without delay, by suspension of basement membranes especially from tubular origin. The kinetic of this phenomenon was similar to the one of platelet aggregation induced by a suspension of purified collagen fibers. Similarities and differences between the action of tubular membranes and that of collagen on platelets are discussed.A soluble factor with platelet aggregating effect was found in the supernatant of suspension of basement membranes. The chemical nature of this new platelet aggregating is still unknown. We may de bealing with the degradation product of a collagenlike protein.It is concluded that basement membranes are able to produce strong platelet aggregation. This phenomenon might possibly play a significant role in the early stages of intravascular thrombosis.
Urokinase-Induced Fibrinolysis of 125I-Fibrin
Authors: Ball Anne P. , Day Eugene D. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBy means of the density-gradient separation of soluble fibrin split products from 125I-labeled fibrin in 0.8-ml gradients, a micro-technique for the measurement of urokinase activation of plasminogen was developed. The conditions necessary to maintain first-order activation kinetics were obtained and incorporated into the micro-technique, thus providing a linear micro-assay of 0.1-ml volumes of urokinase in the range of 2.5-50.0 CTA units.
Contact and Plasmin Kinin-Forming Systems in the Blood
Authors: Buluk K , Czokało Maria , Małofiejew M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBy means of preparations of two different kininogens, the existence of two kallikreins, postulated previously, that is one activated by the contact factor – contact kallikrein, and another by plasmin – plasmin kallikrein, has been confirmed.Stasis plasma or plasma from blood taken without stasis incubated at 37 ° C can be a source of contact kallikrein.It was found that modified plasma, that is plasma acidified to pH 2 and realkalized after 10 min, is suitable material for demonstrating that plasmin activates plasmin kallikrein. Plasmin kallikrein in the plasma has two substrates: kininogen – from which it releases kinins, and contact kallikrein which it inactivates. A diagram showing the activation of kinin-forming systems in the blood plasma is proposed.