bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index in the 12 Years Old Students of Tehran City, Iran
Authors: Goodarzi Azam , Heidarnia Alireza , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Eslami Mohammad 
Published: April 2019

Aim: The main aim of this study was to Evaluate of Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) Index in 12 Year Old Students of Tehran City, and to identify related factors that affect dental caries within this group. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of 12 years old in Tehran, Iran. Dental caries status was assessed in terms of decayed teeth (DT), filled teeth (FT) and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). “Data were analysed using SPSS version 22; a multivariate regression analysis was used to determine statistically significant associations between DMFT and other variables (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 416 respondents participated in the study. The mean age of the students was10.94 (SD=0.628) years, and the mean DMFT was 1.03 (SD=1.41). So that, in this study DT (0.53 ± 0.95) had the highest and MT (0.14 ± 0.47) had the lowest mean. A multivariate regression analysis model results showed a significant relation between high DMFT scores and such variables as increasing age, lower levels of mother's education, higher family income, lower frequency of tooth brushing and dental flossing, having a history of no visits to the dentist (P<0.05). Conclusion: The current study shows that Iranian female students have a poor oral health behavior, as very few subjects use dental floss on a regular basis. Although there appeared to be a significant relationship between caries scores and demographic factors such as age and socio-behavioral variables include family income, the level of mothers' education, the frequency of dental brushing and flossing, and both the frequency and type of visit to a dentist.
Gender responsiveness in the counseling sessions of the Empowerment and Welfare Organization (PKK) in an attempt to increase family resilience in Cilacap Regency
Authors: Puspita Dyah Retna , Rostikawati Rin , Dharma Pawrtha 
Published: April 2019

This research, which was conducted in Cilacap Regency, aimed to study the level of gender responsivity in the counseling sessions ran by the Empowerment and Welfare Organization (hereafter, PKK) at the sub-district and village/urban village levels for society members focused on where the divorce rate is high, particularly those where the divorces were fled by the wives. The research approach was a mixed methodology, implementing both quantitative and qualitative methods at the same time. The samples were taken from three sub-districts which had recorded the highest divorce rates recently. The research population was all of the committee members of PKK in the three sub-districts and villages, which consisted of 180 people. The data were obtained from a questionnaire and focus group discussion, analyzed using descriptive statistics, and refined by gender perspectives. The findings showed that the committee members’ understanding of divorce, family resilience, and gender issues in Cilacap was relatively low. This then aﬀected gender responsivity in their counseling sessions. Low gender responsiveness was signaled by gender stereotyping in relation to targeting the counseling participants (only for the females/wives in each district, without involving the male group at all). Moreover, the counseling materials have not alluded to the rising divorce issue in these areas. As a result, this issue has not received enough attention, particularly among males/husbands. This is even though there are various forums in the neighborhood (RT) and hamlet (RW) levels (in which the major participants are males/husbands) which can accommodate them, raising awareness of these issues and trying to find solutions. Such conditions cannot be separated from the centralized organizational structure of PKK, in which these activities are decided by policies at the regency, province, and central governmental levels. There are no specific policies at the central government level for the prevention and treatment of divorce issues; hence, these issues have not received an adequate amount of attention in the areas with a high divorce rate. PKK at the regency level is more focused on the socialization of parenting patterns, which is also emphasized at the provincial level. As a result, PKK at the regency level has no accurate data on the rising divorce rate within the stated areas.
The barriers and strategy of Sota’s border tourism area development
Authors: Dewi Machya Astuti , Rachmawati Iva 
Published: April 2019

Merauke, located in the eastern part of Indonesia, has abundant natural resources and tourism potential. Unfortunately, these assets are not enough to establish Merauke as a successful border area. Even though many programs have been created by the local government of Merauke, the management of the border area in Sota Merauke has not been successful. This phenomenon poses a question about the barrier of developing Sota as a border tourism area. The research used qualitative methods by searching for related documents, observing Sota, and interviewing key persons including the local secretary of Merauke, the staff members of the local government of Merauke, the chief of police in Sota, WWF activists, and community leaders in Sota. The research found that the development of Sota as a border tourism area was not running well because of the lack of natural resource management, the lack of qualified human resources, and the lack of infrastructures with many institutional problems in those that did exist. The lack of qualified human resources was the most dominant factor because of the low ethos in the local community focused on developing the border area. The strategies proposed to tackle the barriers are: 1) to generate participation, especially that of youths and women, 2) to encourage tourism-aware groups, 3) to continuously implement group supervision, and 4) to develop border festivals with various cultural attractions and culinary promotions that involve a broad spectrum of Sota people.
Cryptococcal meningitis in young adults: clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes
Authors: Hsu Che-Wei , Lien Chia-Yi , Lee Jun-Jun , Chang Wen-Neng , Tsai Wan-Chen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: The clinical characteristics of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) in young adults (≤ 40 years old) have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to delineate the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and therapeutic outcomes of young adults with CM, and compare them with older adults (> 40 years old) with CM.
Methods: Ninety-nine adult patients with CM (64 men, 35 women) were enrolled from 2002-2016, of whom 26 were ≤ 40 years old (young adult group) and 73 were > 40 years old (non-young adult group). The clinical characteristics, laboratory data and therapeutic outcomes of these two groups were compared. The prognostic factors of the young adult CM patients were analyzed, and the clinical characteristics and laboratory data between the young adult CM patients with and without acquired immune-compromised syndrome (AIDS) were compared. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the outcomes of the survivors at the time of discharge and at 1 year of follow-up.
Results: The young adult CM patients had a significantly higher incidence of headache as the clinical presentation. There were no significant clinical differences between the young adult CM patients with and without AIDS. There were no significant prognostic factors in the young adult CM patients, but the young adult survivors had better outcomes (mRS score 0-2) than the non-young adult group.
Conclusion: The young adult CM patients had a higher incidence of headache as the clinical presentation, and the young adult CM survivors had better clinical outcomes.
Clinic Results of Intraductal Meibomian Gland Probing Combined Intense Pulsed Light in Treating Patients With Refractory Obstructive Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Huang Xiaodan , Qin Qiyu , Wang Linping , Zheng Jiao , Lin Lin , Jin Xiuming 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: To optimize therapeutic regimen for refractory obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (o-MGD) patients by combining intraductal meibomian gland probing (MGP) and intense pulsed light (IPL) to enhance their effect and reduce their limitations.
Methods: This randomized, assessor blind study include 45 patients (90 eyes) with refractory o-MGD. They were divided into 3 groups by allocation concealment: IPL (group I, received an IPL treatment course: 3 times at 3-week intervals), MGP (group II, received MGP one time) and MGP combined IPL (group III, MGP at first then an IPL treatment course). Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness score (SPEED), tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), meibum grade and lid margin finding results were assessed at baseline, 3 weeks after final treatment in group I and III, 3 and 12 weeks after MGP in group II. Six months after final treatment, the SPEED and willingness to receive any treatment again were also collected in all groups. Paired Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney U with Bonferroni correction and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis.
Results: In 3 groups, all above indexes improved significantly after treatment (all P＜0.01). MGP-IPL was better than IPL and MPG in posttreatment SPEED, TBUT, meibum grade, lid telangiectasia (all P＜0.05/3). Besides, the MGP-IPL was better than IPL in lid tenderness and better than MGP in orifices abnormality (all P＜0.05/3 ). Six months later, the SPEED in MGP-IPL was also significantly lower than other groups (all P＜0.05/3). And no patients in MGP-IPL group revealed the need to be treated again, while 35.7% or 20% of patients with IPL or MGP need retreatment.
Conclusions: Compared with single IPL or MGP, the combination of MGP and IPL demonstrated the most efficient results in relieving all signs and symptoms and can help patients attain the most lasting symptom relief.
Trial registration: http://clinicaltrials.gov, ChiCTR1900021273 (retrospectively registered 09 February 2019).
Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China: [grant numbers: 81870624; 81700802]; Major Science and Technology Projects of Zhejiang Province [grant numbers: 2017C03046].
Pragmatic language impairment general and specific associations to mental health symptom dimensions in a child psychiatric sample
Authors: Brenne Edel , Rimehaug Tormod 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: The results of several international studies indicate a high prevalence of language and communication impairments among children who are referred to child psychiatric services. However, these impairments are likely to remain undetected unless language and communication impairments are evaluated during the psychiatric assessment.
Aims: The aim of the present study is to investigate the specific association between general and specific mental health problems, as expressed by the problem scales of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Teachers Report Form (TRF), and pragmatic skills and pragmatic language impairments (PLI) as defined the Pragmatic Composite of the Child Communication Checklist (CCC-PC).
Methods: Children aged from 8 to 13 years (n = 73) were recruited in sequence following referral to a child and adolescent psychiatry (CAMHS) outpatient clinic within 12 months. Children with possible or established autism or intellectual disability were excluded. Standardized instruments measuring language, communication and mental health symptoms were distributed to parents and teachers, an intelligence test administered for clinical purposes, and demographic information was included.
Results: The parent reports showed PLI among 38% of the children and revealed strong associations with the CBCL scales for emotional problems, thought problems and, especially, social and withdrawal symptoms, which mean more associations to internalized and non-externalized problems. PC-scores were at similar levels and PLI was reported by teachers at similar rates (compared to parent reports) with moderate agreement. Teacher PC-scores showed associations to only one TRF-scale, social problems. The CCC-PC subscale with the strongest associations to mental health symptoms was «Use of Context» («Social Relationships» do not contribute to the CCC-PC scores).
Conclusion: There was a general increase in PC-scores and increased prevalence of PLI in this clinical sample. PC-scores correlated with symptom scores for internalizing and non-externalizing problems scales. The strongest common factors appear to be related to the social aspects of mental health. Pragmatic skills should be considered as a protective factor for mental health rather than investigating pragmatic impairment as a risk or vulnerability factor.
Treatment of Organophosphate Poisoning with Experimental Oximes: A Review
Authors: Lorke Dietrich E. , Petroianu Georg A. 
Published: April 2019

Standard therapy of Organophosphorus Compound (OPC) poisoning with oxime-type acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators is unsatisfactory. New bispyridinium oximes have therefore been synthesized. This review summarizes in vitro characteristics of established (pralidoxime, obidoxime, trimedoxime, HI-6) and experimental (K-)oximes, and compares their protective efficacy in vivo, when administered shortly after exposure to Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and three OPC pesticides (ethyl-paraoxon, methylparaoxon, azinphos-methyl) in the same experimental setting.In addition to reactivating cholinesterase, oximes also inhibit this enzyme; strongest AChE inhibition (IC50 rat blood: 1-9 µM) is observed in vitro for the oximes with a xylene linker (K-107, K-108, K-113). AChE inhibition is weakest for K-27, K-48 and HI-6 (IC50 >500 µM). Intrinsic AChE inhibition of oximes in vitro (IC50, rat) is strongly correlated with their LD50 (rat): oximes with a high IC50 (K-27, K-48, pralidoxime, obidoxime) also show a high LD50, making them relatively non-toxic, whereas oximes K-107, K-108 and K-113 (low IC50 and LD50) are far more toxic.When given in vivo after OP exposure, best protection is conferred by K-27, reducing the relative risk of death to 16-58% of controls, which is significantly superior to pralidoxime in DFP-, ethyl-paraoxon- and methylparaoxon- exposure, and to obidoxime in ethyl-paraoxon- and methyl-paraoxon-exposure. Marked reduction in mortality is also achieved by K-48, K-53, K-74 and K-75, whereas K-107, K-108 and K-113 have no or only a very weak mortality-reducing effect. K-27 is the most promising K-oxime due to its strong reactivation potency, weak cholinesterase inhibition and high LD50, allowing administration in large, very efficacious dosages.
Nanoheterostructures of ZnO Nanorods Decorated with ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles by a Simple Solution Process
Authors: Naskar Atanu , Khan Hasmat , Jana Sunirmal 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Nanoheterostructures of ZnFe2O4–ZnO is a potential functional material synthesized
by various complicated synthesis processes. However, most of the processes are not at all
cost effective because these generally require high-temperature treatment as well as long reaction time
and complicated experimental procedure. Thus, a simple, low cost and highly efficient synthesis process
is still highly required.

Objective:
The aim of the present study is to synthesize ZnFe2O4–ZnO nanoheterostructures by a simple
solution process vis-à-vis to characterize the structural and optical properties of the sample.

Methods:
Nanoheterostructures of ZnFe2O4 decorated on ZnO nanorods (ZFZO) have been synthesized
by two-step low-temperature solution process in the presence of hydrazine hydrate.

Results:
X-ray diffraction study showed the presence of hexagonal ZnO and cubic ZnFe2O4 spinel.
Transmission electron microscopic analysis confirmed the formation of nanoheterostructures of
ZnFe2O4 decorated on ZnO nanorods. The optical property of the sample was characterized by UVVisible
spectroscopy. Moreover, the oxidation states of the elements were examined by X-ray photoelectron
spectral studies. A probable formation mechanism of the nanoheterostructures was drawn.

Conclusion:
This simple solution based synthesis process is found to be an easy and cost- effective
synthesis strategy as realized from the characterizations of structural and functional properties of the
synthesized samples of ZnFe2O4–ZnO nanoheterostructures.
Blood Microbiome Profile in CKD
Authors: Shah Neal B. , Allegretti Andrew S. , Nigwekar Sagar U. , Kalim Sahir , Zhao Sophia , Lelouvier Benjamin , Servant Florence , Serena Gloria , Thadhani Ravi Ishwar , Raj Dominic S. , Fasano Alessio 
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives
The association between gut dysbiosis, high intestinal permeability, and endotoxemia-mediated inflammation is well established in CKD. However, changes in the circulating microbiome in patients with CKD have not been studied. In this pilot study, we compare the blood microbiome profile between patients with CKD and healthy controls using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Blood bacterial DNA was studied in buffy coat samples quantitatively by 16S PCR and qualitatively by 16S targeted metagenomic sequencing using a molecular pipeline specifically optimized for blood samples in a cross-sectional study comparing 20 nondiabetic patients with CKD and 20 healthy controls.

Results
There were 22 operational taxonomic units significantly different between the two groups. 16S metagenomic sequencing revealed a significant reduction in α diversity (Chao1 index) in the CKD group compared with healthy controls (127±18 versus 145±31; P=0.04). Proteobacteria phylum, Gammaproteobacteria class, and Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families were more abundant in the CKD group compared with healthy controls. Median 16S ribosomal DNA levels did not significantly differ between CKD and healthy groups (117 versus 122 copies/ng DNA; P=0.38). GFR correlated inversely with the proportion of Proteobacteria (r=−0.54; P≤0.01).

Conclusions
Our pilot study demonstrates qualitative differences in the circulating microbiome profile with lower α diversity and significant taxonomic variations in the blood microbiome in patients with CKD compared with healthy controls.
E-Human Resource Management Thought And Words â€“ In The Human, Organization, Communication, and Technology
Authors: Dwitawati Ima 
Published: April 2019

Human resource factor is a mainly asset in the enterprise, because it has a unique characteristic and will not easy to imitated by the competitor. To make a well management of human resource process and its development in the enterprise is important. Together with the coming of information era, then the utilization of information technology to manage and develop the human resource is really necessary. Its means the human resources which managed traditionally would be change by manage it electronically. In the other word, the term of human resource management (HRM) changed by electronic human resource management (e-HRM). Certainly, to develop and manage e-HRM continuously is not easy without the consideration of such factors that exist within it as: human, organization, communication, and technology factors. Therefore, in this article explained such factor that will encourage these four factors in e-HRM practice, with the result is the e-HRM well management, and finally will increase the human resource development in the enterprise. After the consideration of human, organization, communication and technology factor, then continue by analyzed ten of social theory and used it to encourage the e-HRM development perfectly, where the utilization of each social theory is
adjusted with appropriate factor only. The social theories that used in this article are: 1) Attribution theory, 2) Act* theory, 3) Argumentation theory, 4) Contagion theory, 5) Cognitive dissonance theory, 6) Agenda setting theory, 7) Absorptive capacity theory, 8) Actor network theory, 9) Adaptive structuration theory, and 10) Administrative behavior theory. Furthermore, the last part of this article is an explanation of human, organization, ommunication, and technology factor, and how to make each factor will give an effective function in e-HRM practice by using the social theory style in order the development of e-HRM more effective, efficient, and increase continuously.
Aplikasi Program HEC-RAS 5.0.3 Pada Studi Penanganan Banjir
Authors: Syahputra Ichsan , Rahmawati Cut 
Published: April 2019

Sungai Krueng Tukah memiliki DAS 59,51 Km2 dan panjang 25 Km serta bermuara di Selat Malaka. Sungai Krueng Tukah mengalami perubahan kondisi sungai, tataguna lahan dan pertumbuhan penduduk sehingga sungai tidak lagi berfungsi secara optimal. Banjir pada Sungai Krueng Tukah menimbulkan kerusakan bangunan, lahan pertanian, dan lingkungan hidup. Hal ini terjadi di Kabupaten Pidie, khususnya di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Krueng Tukah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan volume tampang sungai Krueng Tukah dalam menampung debit periode ulang Q2, Q5, Q10, Q25 sampai Q50 tahun dengan menggunakan Program HEC-RAS 5.0.3 dan memberikan solusi persoalan banjir yang ada di sepanjang sungai. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian adalah Sungai Krueng Tukah, Kota Sigli, Kabupaten Pidie, Aceh Data primer diperoleh dengan melakukan survei topografi dan pengamatan langsung kondisi sungai dan wawancara. Data sekunder berupa data curah hujan dari stasiun Keumala, Kota Bakti dan Padang Tiji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Curah hujan R2 sebesar 94,85 mm, R5=125,56 mm, R10= 48.65 mm, R25=181,21 mm dan R50=211,82 mm. Debit banjir diperoleh sebesar Q2=59,28 m3/det, Q5=96,05 m3/det, Q10=123,71 m3/det, Q25=155,52 m3/det dan Q50=201,47 m3/det. Dari hasil perhitungan terlihat Sungai Krueng Tukah tidak mampu menampung banjir lebih dari Q25 tahun. Penanganan normalisasi sungai dan kolam retensi adalah upaya penanganan banjir sungai Krueng Tukah yang harus dilakukan.Krueng Tukah River with a catchment area 59.51 Km2 and length is 25 km and downstream into the Malacca Strait. The Krueng Tukah River experienced changes in river conditions, land use, and population growth so that the river no longer functioned optimally. Floods on the Krueng Tukah River caused damage to buildings, agricultural land, and the environment. This happened in Pidie District, especially in the Krueng Tukah catchment area. This study aims to analyze the bankfull capacity of the Krueng Tukah river to accommodate return period Q2, Q5, Q10, Q25 to Q50 years with the HEC-RAS 5.0.3 Program and provide solutions to flood problems the river. The method used is a case study. The research locations were the Krueng Tukah River, Sigli City, Pidie District, Aceh. Primary data was obtained by topographic surveys and field observation of river conditions and interviews. Secondary data in the form of rainfall data from Keumala Station, Bakti City, and Padang Tiji. The results showed that R2 rainfall was 94.85 mm, R5 = 125.56 mm, R10 = 48.65 mm, R25 = 181.21 mm and R50 = 211.82 mm. Flow discharge was obtained at Q2 = 59.28 m3 / sec, Q5 = 96.05 m3 / sec, Q10 = 123.71 m3 / sec, Q25 = 155.52 m3 / sec and Q50 = 201.47 m3 / sec. The calculation results, it was that the Krueng Tukah River was unable to accommodate floods for more than Q25 years. Handling the normalization of rivers and retention ponds is an effort to handle the floods of the Krueng Tukah river that must be done.