bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Da Tradição à Modernidade: O Savoir-faire do Mestre de Ofício na Produção da Cerveja e da Cachaça Artesanais
Authors: Grande Márcia Mazzeo , Padilha Valquíria , Pain Bruno Ferrari , Florian Fernando Julian De Souza 
Published: January 2019

Este artigo trata do papel central do mestre de ofício no fazer artesanal, partindo da compreensão de que seu savoir-faire lhe permite atuar na produção e no produto, conferindo-lhes um caráter artesanal. Encontramos na produção da cerveja e da cachaça artesanais, no interior paulista, elementos que dão sustentação a essa premissa. A partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa elaboramos nossas análises segundo três eixos temáticos: (a) o savoir-faire do mestre na concepção, na produção e na comercialização do seu produto; (b) o aprendizado do mestre e; (c) a formação de aprendizes. Concluímos que o modo de produção artesanal mantém, com base na centralidade do mestre, a unidade entre concepção-produção-comercialização, mas que apresenta características que ora coincidem e ora se distanciam do perfil do mestre-artesão clássico apresentado na literatura. Finalizamos afirmando que há um lugar social e econômico para os mestres artesãos e para o fazer artesanal - ainda que num cenário em que predomina a produção industrializada em grande escala.
Mulheres Empreendedoras: Relato de Experiências, Trajetórias e Desafios
Authors: Machado Hilka Vier 
Published: January 2019

O número de mulheres que criam empresas está aumentando, especialmente na América Latina (ALLEN et al., 2007), mas a visibilidade delas nesse papel ainda é reduzida. Assim, esta contribuição tem como objetivo apresentar momentos das trajetórias e desafios enfrentados por mulheres que empreenderam. Os casos narrados correspondem à trajetória de duas empreendedoras paranaenses, que criaram empresas, uma no ramo de serviços educacionais e outra na produção de bonecas artesanais. Ambas promoveram o desenvolvimento das empresas. Elas enfrentaram desafios como a dificuldade de conciliar família e trabalho e o estresse no trabalho, resultante de longas jornadas diárias. Ao longo da trajetória, elas ressaltaram as estratégias utilizadas para conciliar trabalho e vida pessoal, bem como elementos importantes do processo de criação e de gestão dos negócios, destacadamente: risco e ousadia, valorização da equipe, valorização de associações e espírito de liderança. Os principais desafios foram o equilíbrio entre trabalho e família e o estresse no trabalho.
O Empreendedorismo Social como Alicerce do “Programa Empreender Comunidade”.
Authors: Xavier Filho Jose Lindenberg Julião , Sousa Jefferson Lindberght de , Paiva Júnior Fernando Gomes de , Souza Lianna Karla Veras e 
Published: January 2019

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;">O Empreendedorismo Social representa um tipo de engajamento de agentes públicos e privados em esferas críticas da sociedade civil. Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever o “Programa Empreender Comunidade”, implementado pela Prefeitura Municipal de Garanhuns (PE), junto à comunidade da Várzea (Vale do Mundaú), como promotor de ações estruturadoras na perspectiva do Empreendedorismo Social. Isso é discutido por intermédio da análise qualitativa de conteúdo acerca do “Programa Empreender Comunidade”, a partir de revisão teórica que contempla aspectos envolvidos na ação desenvolvida no âmbito do empreendedorismo social. Este é um estudo de caso de natureza interpretativista, desenvolvido com uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise de documentos textuais e não textuais. Foi constatada a existência de dimensões basilares para o desenvolvimento de práticas empreendedoras na esfera social, expressas como Inovação Social, Efetivação do Projeto, Engajamento entre Stakeholders e Ação Coletiva. </p>
Contribuições para a Construção do Conceito de Emancipação e suas Implicações para o Campo da Gestão Social
Authors: Pinheiro Lauro Santos , Cançado Airton Cardoso 
Published: January 2019

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: 12.0pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">O presente trabalho faz um estudo bibliográfico a respeito da evolução dos conceitos de Gestão Social e Emancipação. É apresentado um debate teórico sobre as implicações da Emancipação para o campo da Gestão Social. O principal enfoque é aprofundar a construção do conceito de emancipação para o campo da gestão social. A pesquisa foi fundamentalmente baseada em Cançado (2011; 2013) sobre as Categorias Teóricas para a Gestão Social (2011), em que o autor, baseado na dialética negativa, aborda onze categorias. Foi analisada a inter-relação dessas categorias através das três principais: Interesse Bem Compreendido, Esfera Pública e Emancipação. O artigo avança na discussão sobre as implicações do conceito de emancipação para essa perspectiva teórica para a Gestão Social. </p>
DO COMUNISMO AO MARXISMO
Authors: Coggiola Osvaldo Luis Angel 
Published: January 2019

O comunismo consolidou-se politicamente na segunda metade do século XIX; sua identificação com o <em>marxismo</em> teve um longo percurso. Este texto trata das teorias sobre comunismo e socialismo em seu processo histórico. Aponta que Marx e Engels trouxeram ao comunismo uma capacidade de formular seus objetivos baseada numa síntese de conhecimentos que nenhum de seus teóricos pregressos possuía.
Sarcosine is a prostate epigenetic modifier that elicits aberrant methylation patterns through the SAMe‐Dnmts axis
Authors: Strmiska Vladislav , Michalek Petr , Lackova Zuzana , Guran Roman , Krizkova Sona , Vanickova Lucie , Zitka Ondrej , Stiborova Marie , Eckschlager Tomas , Klejdus Borivoj , Pacik Dalibor , Tvrdikova Eliska , Keil Claudia , Haase Hajo , Adam Vojtech , Heger Zbynek 
Published: January 2019

DNA hypermethylation is one of the most common epigenetic modifications in prostate cancer (PCa). Several studies have delineated sarcosine as a PCa oncometabolite that increases the migration of malignant prostate cells while decreasing their doubling time. Here, we show that incubation of prostate cells with sarcosine elicited the upregulation of sarcosine N‐demethylation enzymes, sarcosine dehydrogenase and pipecolic acid oxidase. This process was accompanied by a considerable increase in the production of the major methyl‐donor S‐adenosylmethionine (SAMe), together with an elevation of cellular methylation potential. Global DNA methylation analyses revealed increases in methylated CpG islands in distinct prostate cell lines incubated with sarcosine, but not in cells of nonprostate origin. This phenomenon was further associated with marked upregulation of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts). Epigenetic changes were recapitulated through blunting of Dnmts using the hypomethylating agent 5‐azacytidine, which was able to inhibit sarcosine‐induced migration of prostate cells. Moreover, spatial mapping revealed concomitant increases in sarcosine, SAMe and Dnmt1 in histologically confirmed malignant prostate tissue, but not in adjacent or nonmalignant tissue, which is in line with the obtained in vitro data. In summary, we show here for the first time that sarcosine acts as an epigenetic modifier of prostate cells and that this may contribute to its oncometabolic role.
Factors Associated With Opioid Use in Presurgical Knee, Hip, and Spine Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Power J. Denise , Perruccio Anthony V. , Gandhi Rajiv , Veillette Christian , Davey J. Roderick , Lewis Stephen J. , Syed Khalid , Mahomed Nizar N. , Rampersaud Y. Raja 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate rates of prescription opioid use among patients with presurgical knee, hip, and spine osteoarthritis (OA) and associations between use and sociodemographic and health status characteristics.MethodsParticipants were patients with presurgical, end‐stageOAof the knee (n = 77), hip (n = 459), and spine (n = 168). Data were collected on current use of opioids and other pain medications, as well as measures of sociodemographic and health status variables and depression and pain (0–10 numeric rating scale). Rates of opioid use were calculated by sex, age, and surgical site. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between opioid use (sometimes/daily versus never) and other study variables.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 65.6 years; 55.5% were women, 15% of patients reported “sometimes” using opioids, and 15% reported “daily use.” Use of opioids was highest among patients with spineOA(40%) and similar among patients with knee and hipOA(28% and 30%, respectively). Younger women (ages <65 years) reported the greatest use of opioids overall, particularly among patients with spineOA. From multivariable logistic regression, greater likelihood of opioid use was significantly associated with spineOA(versus kneeOA), obesity, being a current or former smoker, higher symptomatic joint count, greater depressive symptoms, greater pain, and current use of other prescription pain medication.ConclusionNearly one‐third of patients with presurgicalOAused prescription opioid medication. Given the questionable efficacy of opioids inOAand risk of adverse effects, higher opioid use among younger individuals and those with depressive symptoms is of concern and warrants further investigation.
Materials‐Informatics‐Assisted High‐Yield Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterials through Exfoliation
Authors: Nakada Gentoku , Igarashi Yasuhiko , Imai Hiroaki , Oaki Yuya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA variety of inorganic and organic nanosheets with characteristic structures and properties can be synthesized through exfoliation of layered materials. However, in general, immense time and efforts are required for exploration of exfoliation conditions and characterization of nanosheets. In addition, it is challenging to improve the yield of nanosheets obtained through exfoliation. Here a materials‐informatics‐assisted high‐yield synthesis of nanosheets is proposed, which does not require experience and intuition. Layered composites containing inorganic layers and interlayer organic guests are delaminated into nanosheets in a variety of dispersion media. First, an experimental screening is performed to find efficient exfoliation conditions and obtain a training dataset for the informatics approach. Sparse modeling is then used facilitating the extraction of important factors predicting the yield of nanosheets. High‐yield (up to ≈50%) synthesis of nanosheets is demonstrated in unknown systems in a minimum number of experiments. The yield is higher than those typically reported for layered materials. It is expected that the effective combination has potentials for not only discovery of compounds but also structure control of materials.
Use of backscattered scanning electron microscopy to quantify the bone tissues of mid‐thoracic human ribs
Authors: Beresheim Amy C. , Pfeiffer Susan K. , Grynpas Marc D. , Alblas Amanda 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesNovel information on apartheid health conditions may be obtained through the study of recent skeletal collections. Using a backscattered scanning electron microscopy (BSE‐SEM) approach, this study aims to produce bone quality and tissue mineralization data for an understudied South African population from the Western Cape province.MethodsUsing BSE‐SEM imaging, cortical porosity (Ct.Po), osteocyte lacunar density (Ot.Lc.Dn), and the degree of tissue mineralization were quantified in mid‐thoracic ribs from the Kirsten Skeletal Collection. Individuals (
nfemale = 75,
nmale = 68, and mean age = 46.3 years) were predominantly from the South Africa Colored (SAC) population group (
nSAC = 103, 72%). Full cross‐sectional images of each rib were manually stitched together in Adobe Photoshop. Photomontages were imported into MATALB (Mathworks, Natick, MA) for image processing and analysis. Age‐related changes in histomorphometric parameters and sex differences were examined using correlation analysis, as well as linear and nonlinear regressions.ResultsYoung adult men have significantly less mineralized bone and fewer osteocyte lacunae, compared to women. Only men demonstrate a significant negative relationship between Ot.Lc.Dn and age. Average tissue mineralization decreases with age in women, while Ct.Po increases. Pore area (Po.Ar) does not vary with age, but pore density (Po.Dn) is highest in the perimenopause, when accelerated rates of bone turnover are first anticipated. Ct.Po is highest in the years following the predicted age of menopause, but levels off in the final decades of life.ConclusionsMen and women display disparate patterns of bone aging. Systemic disenfranchisement of non‐white population groups affected bone health in South Africa, and may continue to do so today. Indicators of poor bone quality are evident in the full study sample, indicating that osteoporosis and fracture risk are not just of concern to the aged white female population.
Clinicopathologic traits and prognostic factors associated with pediatric sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Siddiqui Sana H. , Siddiqui Emaad , Bavier Rich D. , Patel Nirali M. , Kiliç Suat , Baredes Soly , Hsueh Wayne D. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundPediatric sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive and rare malignancy. This is the first multi‐institutional study on the prognostic factors associated with outcomes in this population.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for the period from 2004 to 2013 for all cases of malignant sinonasal RMS in the pediatric population. The impact of patients’ demographics, tumor characteristics, and Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) staging on survival was assessed using chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, Kaplan‐Meier test, and Cox regression analyses.ResultsA total of 157 cases of pediatric sinonasal RMS were identified. Mean age at diagnosis was 9.38 years and male patients comprised 48.4% of the cohort. The nasal cavity (31.8%) and maxillary sinus (30.6%) were the most common primary sites. Alveolar was the most common histology (49.7%), followed by embryonal type (32.5%). The majority of patients received solely chemoradiation (52.9%), followed by surgery with adjuvant chemoradiation (30.6%). Five‐year overall survival (OS) was 55.2% (±4.5%). Metastatic disease was associated with a poorer 5‐year OS rate (24.4% vs 61.5%; p = 0.010). Maxillary sinus site was associated with an improved survival (71.8% vs 47.6%; p = 0.009). On multivariate analysis, chemoradiation with or without surgery was an additional prognostic factor. Although IRSG clinical stages did not correlate with survival, high‐risk patients in the IRSG clinical risk groups were associated with poorer survival on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.005; 95% confidence interval, 1.007‐3.993; p = 0.048).ConclusionTo date, this is the largest study on pediatric sinonasal RMS. IRSG clinical risk groups may be useful in stratifying high‐risk patients with poor prognosis.
The intraoperative accuracy of maxillary balloon dilation: a blinded trial
Authors: Jensen Brett T. , Holbrook Eric H. , Chen Philip G. , Luong Amber U. , Marino Michael J. , Yao William C. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundBalloon sinus dilation (BSD) is a commonly performed sinus procedure in the United States. Several cadaveric studies have evaluated BSD accuracy and the maxillary sinus has consistently been shown to be the most challenging to cannulate. We designed an independent study to evaluate the intraoperative accuracy of maxillary sinus BSD.MethodsA prospective, single‐blinded trial evaluating the accuracy of maxillary sinus BSD was performed using 2 commercially available BSD systems (guidewire‐ and probe‐based systems) randomly assigned to patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for chronic rhinosinusitus without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) or a skullbase approach in patients without sinus disease. All patients underwent maxillary BSD followed by uncinectomy to reveal dilation of the natural maxillary sinus ostia. The recorded procedures were reviewed by 3 fellowship‐trained rhinologists from different institutions blinded to the BSD system utilized. The primary endpoint compared accuracy of maxillary BSD attempts. The secondary endpoint compared accuracy between the 2 systems.ResultsTwenty‐nine maxillary BSD procedures were performed in 18 patients (age range, 20‐79 years; mean, 51 years) without nasal polyposis undergoing maxillary antrostomy as part of a more extensive procedure. BSD was successful in 18 of 29 (62%) attempts and unsuccessful in 9 of 29 (31%) attempts, with statistically “almost perfect” interrater agreement (kappa = 0.86). There was no statistical difference between the 2 BSD systems (p = 0.81).ConclusionMaxillary BSD appeared to be less accurate in living patients when compared with findings from previously published cadaver studies. There were no differences in accuracy between the probe‐ and guidewire‐based systems. This is the first non‒industry‐sponsored study evaluating maxillary sinus BSD in living patients. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical implications of our findings.
Reinforcing effects of aminosilane‐functionalized graphene on the tribological and mechanical behaviors of epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Amirbeygi Hesam , Khosravi Hamed , Tohidlou Esmaeil 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, aminopropyl trimethoxysilane as an interfacial modifier was introduced on the surface of graphene (Gr) nanoplatelets. The effects of the silane‐modified graphene (SGr) loading (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt %) and silane modification on the tensile, compressive, interlaminar shear stress (ILSS), and tribological properties of the epoxy‐based nanocomposites were investigated. Out of these specimens, the highest values of ILSS and compressive strength were related to the 0.3 wt % SGr–epoxy nanocomposite. The addition of SGr enhanced the tensile strength and strain to failure only at low contents (i.e., 0.05 wt %). Also, the tensile and compressive moduli were improved, and the highest values were observed at a 0.5 wt % SGr loading. In addition, decreases of approximately 40 and 68% in the coefficient of friction and wear rate, respectively, were observed at a 0.3 wt % SGr loading. Enhanced tensile, compressive, ILSS, and wear properties in the SGr–epoxy specimens were observed compared to those in the Gr–epoxy specimens. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47410.
Nanocomposites of ultrahigh molar mass polyethylene and modified carbon nanotubes
Authors: Aguiar Vinicius O. , Pita Victor J. R. R. , Marques Maria de Fatima V. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn this work, the use of a laboratory twin‐screw extruder was evaluated to process ultrahigh molar mass polyethylene and composites with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Commercial polymer samples with lubricant (1%) and different percentages (0.01%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) of pure, oxidized, and chemically surface treated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were evaluated. The results showed that polymer melting and crystallization temperatures were not affected by CNTs, although an increase in the degree of crystallinity in all nanocomposites was observed along with a decrease in crystal size. Therefore, CNTs behaved as nucleating agents. All ultrahigh molar mass polyethylene (UHMWPE)/CNT samples showed increased initial degradation temperature, although this was not very great when introducing acetylated and stearic acid modified CNTs. Both oxidized CNTs and stearic acid CNTs did not markedly improve the composites' mechanical properties. Therefore, the nanocomposites containing pure CNTs and most of those with acetylated CNTs resulted in higher reinforcement for UHMWPE. The addition of the lubricant allowed the polymer matrix to be processed in the extruder, whereas the increase in CNT content in UHMWPE improved the stiffness of the material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47459
Evaluation of maleic acid‐based copolymers containing polyoxyethylene ether as inhibitors for CaCO3 scale
Authors: Wang Liang‐Chen , Zhu Chen‐Guo , Liu Hong‐Bin , Zhao Wei‐Dong , Che Yao , Zhang Qiao‐Ling , Wang Liang‐Bi 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPolymer scale inhibitors have been widely used to reduce the loss caused by mineral scaling in circulating cooling water systems. In this article, four maleic acid‐based copolymers [hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA)‐AEO] containing different fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (such as AEO‐9, AEO‐10, AEO‐15, and AEO‐20) are prepared by the way of free‐radical copolymerization and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, and gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) techniques. The effects of HPMA‐AEO on CaCO3 scale are studied in several aspects (such as dose, Ca2+ concentration, temperature, inhibition time, pH, the ratio of EO:carboxyl, and the relative supersaturation of CaCO3 solution) by static experiments. The CaCO3 scaling process with dosing of HPMA‐AEO‐9 is investigated under dynamic tests. CaCO3 deposits and precipitate in the presence of HPMA‐AEO‐9 are analyzed using scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the performance of HPMA‐AEO against CaCO3 scale highly depends upon the ratio of EO:carboxyl; the introduction of AEO group can significantly improve the performance of HPMA‐AEO to tolerate high alkalinity, high hardness, and high temperature; the presence of HPMA‐AEO‐9 can obviously affect the CaCO3 scaling process on the tube wall through interfering with nucleation process and crystal growth process and significantly alter the surface morphology and crystal form of CaCO3 deposits. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47470
Fabrication and characterization of centrifugally spun poly(acrylic acid) nanofibers
Authors: De la Garza David , De Santiago Francisco , Materon Luis , Chipara Mircea , Alcoutlabi Mataz 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe production of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) nanofibers by the centrifugal spinning of PAA solutions in water is reported. The effect of the spinneret rotational speed and concentration of PAA solutions on the diameter of nanofibers and on their quality (assessed by the absence of beads) is discussed. The main physical properties of PAA such as glass‐transition temperature (Tg) are studied in detail and compared to the feature of the as‐received homopolymer. It is shown that the glass‐transition temperature of the bulk PAA and PAA nanofibers (as measured by differential scanning calorimetry) depends on the heating rate according to a Williams–Landel–Ferry‐like equation. Raman spectroscopy data provided additional information about the differences between the as‐received polymer and the nanofibers. Preliminary results on antibacterial properties of the PAA nanofibers are reported. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47480.