bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analyses of jaw‐opening muscle activity during the active phase of jaw‐closing muscles in sleep bruxism
Authors: Maeda Masana , Yamaguchi Taihiko , Mikami Saki , Yachida Wataru , Saito Taishi , Sakuma Toshimitsu , Nakamura Hironobu , Saito Miku , Mizuno Mariko , Yamada Kyoko , Satoh Kaoru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA), which is defined as three or more consecutive phasic bursts, accounts for a large part of sleep bruxism (SB). RMMA is thought to be characterized by co‐contraction, a jaw muscle activity in which jaw‐opening muscles contract during the active phase of jaw‐closing muscles, which is different from that during mastication. However, there has been limited information about co‐contraction. The aim of the present study was to clarify the amplitudes and patterns of jaw‐opening muscle activity during the active phase of jaw‐closing muscles in RMMA. Data from 14 healthy volunteers with bruxism, which was diagnosed by using polysomnographic recording with audio‐video, were analysed. RMMA with electromyographic amplitudes of more than two times the baseline amplitude was selected. From the selected RMMA, burst groups consisting of five or more consecutive phasic bursts, including tonic bursts, were selected for analyses. Electromyographic activities during gum chewing were also recorded before sleeping. The minimum, maximum and average value of the amplitudes of jaw‐opening muscle activity during the active phase of jaw‐closing muscles were calculated. Jaw‐opening muscle activity during the active phase of jaw‐closing muscles in RMMA was closer to the baseline than that in gum chewing. The minimum, maximum and average values of amplitudes of jaw‐opening muscle activity during the phase were significantly smaller than those of gum chewing. Contrary to our hypothesis prior to the study, the obtained results suggested that the pattern of electromyogram activity of jaw‐opening and jaw‐closing muscles in RMMA was not necessarily co‐contraction.
Tanshinone IIA prevents rifampicin‐induced liver injury by regulating BSEP/NTCP expression via epigenetic activation of NRF2
Authors: Yang Yujie , Liu Lei , Zhang Xiqian , Jiang Xuehua , Wang Ling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsRifampicin (RFP)‐induced cholestatic liver injury is characterized by impaired hepatic bile acid (BA) transport. Bile salt efflux pump (BSEP) and Na+/taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP) are the major BA transporters. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying these transporters.MethodsThe role of tanshinone IIA (TAN IIA) in preventing RFP‐induced liver injury was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, based on the regulatory mechanism of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2)‐BSEP/NTCP signalling. The epigenetic induction of NRF2 by TAN IIA was investigated as well as the influence on BSEP and NTCP transcriptional activation and NRF2 DNA‐binding ability.ResultsTAN IIA strongly induced BSEP and NTCP expression in hepatocytes. NRF2 knockdown abrogated the induction. We found two NRF2 binding sites on the human BSEP promoter, called musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma recognition elements (MAREs), and one MARE on the NTCP promoter. Human BSEP and NTCP promoter luciferase reporter gene plasmids were stimulated by NRF2. Mutations of the predicted MAREs abolished NRF2 transcriptional activation. TAN IIA induced the expression of ten‐eleven translocation 2 (TET2) to mediate the demethylation of NRF2, which promoted NRF2 DNA‐binding on the BSEP and NTCP promoters and their transcriptional activation. Finally, in vivo, Nrf2 played an important role in RFP‐induced liver injury (more serious liver injury in Nrf2‐/‐ mice), and TAN IIA prevented it.ConclusionsThese results indicate that NRF2 regulates the target transporters BSEP and NTCP, depending on the DNA demethylation by TET2. Pharmacological activation of NRF2 by TAN IIA may be beneficial for RFP‐induced liver injury.
Adherence to pan‐genotypic glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and efficacy in HCV‐infected patients: A pooled analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Brown Ashley , Welzel Tania M. , Conway Brian , Negro Francesco , Bräu Norbert , Grebely Jason , Puoti Massimo , Aghemo Alessio , Kleine Henning , Pugatch David , Mensa Federico J. , Chen Yaozhu J. , Lei Yang , Lawitz Eric , Asselah Tarik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsAdequate adherence to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment is believed to be a key component of treatment success because non‐adherence can potentially result in treatment failure and the emergence of resistant viral variants. This analysis assessed factors associated with non‐adherence to glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) therapy and the impact of non‐adherence on sustained virological response at post‐treatment week 12 (SVR12) rates in HCV genotype (GT) 1‐6‐infected patients.MethodsAdherence was calculated by pill counts at study visits during treatment, and defined as having a lowest treatment adherence of ≥80% and ≤120% at each study visit. Exploratory logistic regression modelling assessed predictors of non‐adherence to G/P therapy. SVR12 rates by treatment adherence were assessed in the intent‐to‐treat (ITT) population and modified ITT (mITT) population, which excludes non‐virological failures.ResultsOverall, 97% (2024/2091) of patients were adherent to G/P therapy at all consecutive study visits. Alcohol use was the only baseline characteristic independently associated with non‐adherence to G/P therapy (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.13‐5.01; P = .022). In the mITT population, overall SVR12 rates were high both in patients who were adherent to G/P therapy and those who were not (99% [1983/2008] and 95% [58/61] respectively; P = .047). Corresponding SVR12 rates in the ITT population were 98% (1983/2024) and 87% (58/67) respectively.ConclusionsMost patients adhered to G/P therapy. SVR12 rates were high both in patients who were adherent to G/P treatment and those who were not. Patient education on treatment adherence should remain an important part of HCV treatment.Clinical trials registrationNCT02604017, NCT02640482, NCT02640157, NCT02636595, NCT02642432, NCT02651194, NCT02243293, NCT02446717.
Petrogenesis of main group pallasite meteorites based on relationships among texture, mineralogy, and geochemistry
Authors: McKibbin Seann J. , Pittarello Lidia , Makarona Christina , Hamann Christopher , Hecht Lutz , Chernonozhkin Stepan M. , Goderis Steven , Claeys Philippe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMain group pallasite meteorites are samples of a single early magmatic planetesimal, dominated by metal and olivine but containing accessory chromite, sulfide, phosphide, phosphates, and rare phosphoran olivine. They represent mixtures of core and mantle materials, but the environment of formation is poorly understood, with a quiescent core–mantle boundary, violent core–mantle mixture, or surface mixture all recently suggested. Here, we review main group pallasite data sets and petrologic characteristics, and present new observations on the low‐MnO pallasite Brahin that contains abundant fragmental olivine, but also rounded and angular olivine and potential evidence of sulfide–phosphide liquid immiscibility. A reassessment of the literature shows that low‐MnO and high‐FeO subgroups preferentially host rounded olivine and low‐temperature P2O5‐rich phases such as the Mg‐phosphate farringtonite and phosphoran olivine. These phases form after metal and silicate reservoirs back‐react during decreasing temperature after initial separation, resulting in oxidation of phosphorus and chromium. Farringtonite and phosphoran olivine have not been found in the common subgroup PMG, which are mechanical mixtures of olivine, chromite with moderate Al2O3 contents, primitive solid metal, and evolved liquid metal. Lower concentrations of Mn in olivine of the low‐MnO PMG subgroup, and high concentrations of Mn in low‐Al2O3 chromites, trace the development and escape of sulfide‐rich melt in pallasites and the partially chalcophile behavior for Mn in this environment. Pallasites with rounded olivine indicate that the core–mantle boundary of their planetesimal may not be a simple interface but rather a volume in which interactions between metal, silicate, and other components occur.
Responsible Research and Innovation as a Novel Approach to Guide Educational Impact of Mind, Brain, and Education Research
Authors: van Atteveldt Nienke , Tijsma Geertje , Janssen Tieme , Kupper Frank 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe propose a Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) framework to improve the alignment between mind, brain, and education (MBE) research, the educational practice, and other societal stakeholders. RRI is an approach that has successfully been used in different research fields, but not yet in MBE research. After substantiating the need for, and possibilities of using this framework within MBE research, we report a case study to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of RRI within an MBE context. This case study entails developing an educational intervention to improve learners' sense of agency regarding their own learning processes using neurofeedback. Using RRI, we found that societal stakeholders (teenagers, parents, and teachers) anticipate different potential impacts of this neurotechnology‐based intervention than researchers did, enabling us to adapt the intervention according to these perspectives. This example demonstrates that RRI enables researchers to be reflexive and responsive to the stakeholders needs and values, to ultimately improve the educational and societal value of MBE research.
Widespread intersex differentiation across the stickleback genome – The signature of sexually antagonistic selection?
Authors: Bissegger Mirjam , Laurentino Telma G. , Roesti Marius , Berner Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFemales and males within a species commonly have distinct reproductive roles, and the associated traits may be under perpetual divergent natural selection between the sexes if their sex‐specific control has not yet evolved. Here, we explore whether such sexually antagonistic selection can be detected based on the magnitude of differentiation between the sexes across genome‐wide genetic polymorphisms by whole‐genome sequencing of large pools of female and male threespine stickleback fish. We find numerous autosomal genome regions exhibiting intersex allele frequency differences beyond the range plausible under pure sampling stochasticity. Alternative sequence alignment strategies rule out that these high‐differentiation regions represent sex chromosome segments misassembled into the autosomes. Instead, comparing allele frequencies and sequence read depth between the sexes reveals that regions of high intersex differentiation arise because autosomal chromosome segments got copied into the male‐specific sex chromosome (Y), where they acquired new mutations. Because the Y chromosome is missing in the stickleback reference genome, sequence reads derived from DNA copies on the Y chromosome still align to the original homologous regions on the autosomes. We argue that this phenomenon hampers the identification of sexually antagonistic selection within a genome, and can lead to spurious conclusions from population genomic analyses when the underlying samples differ in sex ratios. Because the hemizygous sex chromosome sequence (Y or W) is not represented in most reference genomes, these problems may apply broadly.
The impure phenomenology of episodic memory
Authors: Boyle Alexandria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEpisodic memory has a distinctive phenomenology: it involves “mentally reliving” a past event. It has been suggested that characterising episodic memory in terms of this phenomenology makes it impossible to test for in animals, because “purely phenomenological features” cannot be detected in animal behaviour. Against this, I argue that episodic memory's phenomenological features areimpure, having both subjective and objective aspects, and so can be behaviourally detected. Insisting on a phenomenological characterisation of episodic memory consequently does nothing to damage the prospects for detecting it in nonhuman animals.
Foreign Language Anxiety and Foreign Language Performance: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: ZHANG XIAN 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis meta‐analysis investigated the relationship between foreign language (FL) anxiety and FL performance. Fifty‐five independent samples with more than 10,000 participants were surveyed. It was found that the overall correlation between FL anxiety and FL performance was −.34 (p < .01). FL listening anxiety had the strongest correlation with FL listening performance. Both FL reading anxiety and test anxiety had a weaker correlation with FL performance as compared to other types of anxiety. The anxiety–performance correlation remained stable across groups with different FL proficiency levels, suggesting that the role of FL anxiety should not be ignored regardless of the FL learners’ proficiency level. As compared to language family, lexical similarity was found to have a more decisive modulating effect on the anxiety–performance correlation. However, language family and lexical similarity may interact to affect the anxiety–performance correlation. Finally, a metaregression analysis showed that age could affect the correlation between FL anxiety and performance.
Populations of a widespread invader and co‐occurring native species vary in phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Hiatt Drew , Flory S. Luke 
Published: October 2019

SummaryPhenotypic plasticity can promote plant invasions and enhance impacts on native species, but little is known about variation in plasticity among invader populations compared with native species. Variation in plasticity among invader populations could inform more precise predictions of invader spread and impacts across heterogeneous resource environments.We used a common garden experiment with sun and shade treatments to test for variation in plasticity among 12 populations of an invasive grass (Imperata cylindrica), and to determine whether the invader exhibited greater plasticity than six native species that co‐occur in the Southeast USA.Principal component analysis revealed that invader populations from different native ranges consistently varied from each other and native species in traits linked to more favorable phenotypes under resource limitation. Overall, the invader exhibited greater plasticity than native species did, as demonstrated by higher plasticity index values for traits such as plant height, leaf mass ratio, and root : shoot ratio.Variation in phenotypic plasticity among invader populations suggests the potential for evolution of plasticity, and greater plasticity of invader populations than native species may underlie invader dominance. Differences in plasticity among populations appears to play an important role in predictions of the spread and potentially the impacts of invasive species.
Blurring the boundaries between cereal crops and model plants
Authors: Borrill Philippa 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe cereal crops rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) provide half of the food eaten by humankind. However, understanding their biology has proved challenging due to their large size, long lifecycle and large genomes. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana avoids these practical problems and has provided fundamental understanding of plant biology, however not all of this knowledge is directly transferrable to cereals. Recent developments in gene editing, speed breeding and genome assembly techniques mean that the challenges associated with working with the major cereal crops can be overcome. Resources such as mutant collections and genome sequences are now available for these crops, making them attractive experimental systems with which to make discoveries that are directly applicable to increasing crop production.
QTL mapping and effect confirmation for anaerobic germination tolerance derived from the japonica weedy rice landrace PBR
Authors: Jeong Jong‐Min , Cho Young‐Chan , Jeong Ji‐Ung , Mo Young‐Jun , Kim Choon‐Song , Kim Woo‐Jea , Baek Man‐Kee , Kim Suk‐Man 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs one of the main rice establishment methods, direct seeding has the advantages of saving labour and reducing costs for farmers. However, the expansion of direct seeding has been constrained by poorly levelled fields, heavy rainfall and poor drainage after sowing. The development of cultivars with anaerobic germination tolerance could improve or overcome these shortcomings of most rice under flooding conditions. In this study, a japonica‐type rice with anaerobic germination tolerance was suggested as a new genetic source and QTL analysis was carried out to improve adaptation to direct seeding. Three QTLs, qAG1, qAG3 and qAG11, were identified, explaining 13.44%, 6.71% and 14.52% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. In an evaluation of the most effective QTL combination, two QTL combinations (qAG1NP + qAG3PBR + qAG11PBR and qAG1NP + qAG11PBR) showed stable survival rates under submergence of filed condition. Based on the results, we will characterize the candidate genes within the detected target regions in further research, and the lines with advantageous alleles will be used to develop reliable cultivars to support the wide adoption of direct‐seeding practices in japonica rice.
Molecular advancements in male sterility systems ofCapsicum: A review
Authors: Jindal Salesh Kumar , Dhaliwal Major Singh , Meena Om Prakash 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent years, plant molecular research on genetic mapping, gene tagging and cloning, and marker‐assisted selection (MAS) have gained importance in crop improvement programmes. InCapsicum, several inter‐ and intra‐specific genetic maps with wide distribution of markers covering the whole genome have been developed. Recently, whole genome of the hot pepperC. annuum, its wild progenitorC. annuumvar.glabriusculumandC. baccatumhas been sequenced. TheCapsicumgenome size has been estimated to be approx. 4× (3.48 Gb) the genome size of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) (900 Mb). Breeders’ access to the pepper genomic information would facilitate the choice of markers from different linkage groups, thus paving the way for gene cloning and its introgression into the elite breeding lines through MAS. Till date, approx. 20 independently inherited nuclear male sterility (NMS) genes have been reported. Linked markers have been identified forms1,ms3,ms8,ms10,msk,msc‐1and an undesignated gene. However, markers tightly linked toms8andms10are still lacking. Exceptms1,ms3,ms8andms10, the map position of other NMS genes is not known. In cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), markers for the mitochondrial geneatp6have been developed and the gene cloned. Number of markers some very tightly linked to therestorer‐of‐fertility(Rf) gene have been identified. However, the actual map position of theRflocus is still not determined. Another CMS‐associated nuclear gene “pr”responsible for restoring partial fertility has been identified and tagged. In this review, we have compiled up‐to‐date information about the marker technology relating to the NMS and the CMS‐associated genes inCapsicum. This information can be useful when screeningCapsicumgermplasm, developing NMS lines through MAS, improving efficiency of the NMS system, transferringrfgene for maintainer line breeding andRfgenes for restorer line breeding in CMS and assessing genetic purity of the hybrid seed.
Subaquatic slope instabilities: The aftermath of river correction and artificial dumps in Lake Biel (Switzerland)
Authors: Dubois Nathalie , Råman Vinnå Love , Rabold Marvin , Hilbe Michael , Anselmetti Flavio S. , Wüest Alfred , Meuriot Laetitia , Jeannet Alice , Girardclos Stéphanie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRiver engineering projects are developing rapidly across the globe, drastically modifying water courses and sediment transfer. Investigation of the impact of engineering works focuses usually on short‐term impacts, thus a longer‐term perspective is still missing on the effects that such projects have. The ‘Jura Water Corrections’ – the largest river engineering project ever undertaken in Switzerland – radically modified the hydrological system of Lake Biel in the 19th and 20th Century. The deviation of the Aare River into Lake Biel more than 140 years ago, in 1878, thus represents an ideal case study to investigate the long‐term sedimentological impacts of such large‐scale river rerouting. Sediment cores, along with new high‐resolution bathymetric and seismic reflection datasets were acquired in Lake Biel to document the consequences of the Jura Water Corrections on the sedimentation history of Lake Biel. Numerous subaquatic mass transport structures were detected on all of the slopes of the lake. Notably, a relatively large mass transport complex (0·86 km2) was observed on the eastern shore, along the path of the Aare River intrusion. The large amount of sediment delivered by the Aare River since its deviation into the lake likely caused sediment overloading resulting in subaquatic mass transport. Alternatively, the dumping since 1963 in a subaquatic landfill of material excavated during the second phase of river engineering, when the channels flowing into and out of Lake Biel were widened and deepened, might have triggered the largest mass transport, dated to 1964 or 1965. Additional potential triggers include two nearby small earthquakes in 1964 and 1965 (MW 3·9 and 3·2, respectively). The data for this study indicate that relatively large mass transports have become recurrent in Lake Biel following the deviation of the Aare River, thus modifying hazard frequency for the neighbouring communities and infrastructure.
Automated grading of acne vulgaris by deep learning with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Lim Ziying Vanessa , Akram Farhan , Ngo Cuong Phuc , Winarto Amadeus Aristo , Lee Wei Qing , Liang Kaicheng , Oon Hazel Hweeboon , Thng Steven Tien Guan , Lee Hwee Kuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe visual assessment and severity grading of acne vulgaris by physicians can be subjective, resulting in inter‐ and intra‐observer variability.ObjectiveTo develop and validate an algorithm for the automated calculation of the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) scale, to standardize acne severity and outcome measurements.Materials and MethodsA total of 472 photographs (retrieved 01/01/2004‐04/08/2017) in the frontal view from 416 acne patients were used for training and testing. Photographs were labeled according to the IGA scale in three groups of IGA clear/almost clear (0‐1), IGA mild (2), and IGA moderate to severe (3‐4). The classification model used a convolutional neural network, and models were separately trained on three image sizes. The photographs were then subjected to analysis by the algorithm, and the generated automated IGA scores were compared to clinical scoring. The prediction accuracy of each IGA grade label and the agreement (Pearson correlation) of the two scores were computed.ResultsThe best classification accuracy was 67%. Pearson correlation between machine‐predicted score and human labels (clinical scoring and researcher scoring) for each model and various image input sizes was 0.77. Correlation of predictions with clinical scores was highest when using Inception v4 on the largest image size of 1200 × 1600. Two sets of human labels showed a high correlation of 0.77, verifying the repeatability of the ground truth labels. Confusion matrices show that the models performed sub‐optimally on the IGA 2 label.ConclusionDeep learning techniques harnessing high‐resolution images and large datasets will continue to improve, demonstrating growing potential for automated clinical image analysis and grading.