bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rice planthopper parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae is not at risk when feeding on honeydew derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice
Authors: Tian Jun‐Ce , Wang Geng‐Wei , Han Hai‐Liang , Romeis Jörg , Zhang Fa‐Cheng , Ye Gong‐Yin , Xie Mao‐Cheng , Wang Gui‐Yue , Lu Zhong‐Xian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDHoneydew is a sugar‐rich excretion produced by sap‐feeding Sternorrhyncha and is an important source of carbohydrates for natural enemies, especially for parasitoids. Honeydew derived from genetically modified (GM) crops can contain amounts of the transgene product. Thus, it is a possible route of exposure for natural enemies feeding on honeydew. In the present study, the potential effects of Nilaparvata lugens honeydew derived from Cry1C and Cry2A rice on different life‐table parameters and parasitism dynamics of the egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Furthermore, the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) levels and the sugar and amino acid composition of honeydew were analyzed.RESULTSResults indicated that A. nilaparvatae was exposed to Bt proteins by feeding on N. lugens honeydew produced from Bt rice. However, honeydew derived from the tested Cry1C and Cry2A rice lines did not affect the development, longevity, emergence rate and fecundity of A. nilaparvatae. Also, the parasitism dynamics in the field remained unaffected. In addition, the sugar and amino acid composition of N. lugens honeydew was not significantly altered for the tested Bt rice lines compared with the parental non‐Bt plant.CONCLUSIONThe quality of honeydew derived from the tested Bt rice lines as a food resource for natural enemies was maintained. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Different Metal Support Interactions over NiK/Mixed Oxide Catalysts and Their Effects on Catalytic Routes in Steam Catalytic Cracking of Vacuum Residue
Authors: Do Lien Thi , Nguyen‐Huy Chinh , Shin Eun Woo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNiK/ceria‐zirconia (CZ) and NiK/ceria‐zirconia‐alumina (CZ−A) catalysts were investigated in order to further understand the roles of mixed‐oxide supports in the steam catalytic cracking of vacuum residue (VR). Compared to thermal cracking, higher conversions and liquid yields were achieved over the catalysts. Steam decomposition occurring over the CZ and ZrO2 phases provided an alternative hydrogen and oxygen sources for hydrogenation and oxidative cracking, respectively. The introduction of Ni into the CZ support induced the formation of Cex(Zr−Ni)1‐xO2‐δ solid solution and the isolation of the ZrO2 phase via a strong metal support interaction, resulting in greater oxygen vacancy in the bulk structure. In contrast, the strong interaction of CZ and Ni phases with Al2O3 induced higher dispersions of CZ and Ni phases in the NiK/CZ−A catalyst, which resulted in a greater density of oxygen vacancies on the surface and higher CeO2 reducibility. As a result, the quality of the liquid products and naphtha yields were significantly improved by hydrogenation over the nickel metallic sites and oxidative cracking through the metal support interaction.
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Dihydrobenzofuran Neolignans
Authors: Fukui Murilo J. , Dias Herbert J. , Severiano Marcela E. , de Souza Maria G. M. , de Oliveira Pollyanna F. , Ambrósio Sérgio R. , Martins Carlos H. G. , Tavares Denise C. , Crotti Antônio E. M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the dihydrobenzofuran neolignans (DBNs) 1 ((±)‐trans‐dehydrodicoumarate dimethyl ester), 2 ((±)‐trans‐dehydrodiferulate dimethyl ester, 3 ((±)‐4‐O‐acetyl‐trans‐dehydrodicoumarate dimethyl ester), and 4 ((±)‐4‐O‐acetyl‐trans‐dehydrodiferulate dimethyl ester) in terms of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. We have also assessed the cytotoxicity of compounds 1–4 to V79 cells by the XTT assay. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 display moderate activity against Streptococcus mitis (MIC=400 μg/ml); compound 2 is also active against Lactobacillus casei (MIC=400 μg/ml). Additionally, compound 3 is moderately active against Aspergillus niger (MIC=125 μg/ml), A. fumigatus (MIC=500 μg/ml), and Mucor rouxii (MIC=250 μg/ml). Compounds 2 and 4 (IC50 > 400 μM), which have a methoxyl group at the aromatic ring, are less cytotoxic to V79 cells as compared to compounds 1 (IC50=232.00±7.33 μM) and 3 (IC50=67.97±3.45 μM).
Ionic Liquid‐Assisted Extraction and Isolation of Cynaropicrin and Cnicin from Artichoke and Blessed thistle
Authors: Mizuno Hitomi , Usuki Toyonobu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe sesquiterpene lactones cynaropicrin and cnicin are isolated from artichoke (Cynara scolymus) and blessed thistle (Cnicus benedictus), respectively. These natural products exhibit several biological activities, including inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma brucei, which causes human African trypanosomiasis (HAT; sleeping sickness). The present study describes a novel ionic liquid‐assisted plant extraction and isolation method for cynaropicrin and cnicin using centrifugation and decantation techniques. The results showed that the extraction yield of cynaropicrin and cnicin using 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium methylphosphonate ([C2mim][(MeO)(H)PO2])/acetone (1:1) was 1.9 and 1.4 times higher than that obtained using only acetone, respectively. The proposed extraction and isolation method will enable the acquisition of other natural products from medicinal plants.
Tris‐Ethynylphenyl‐amine Fluorophores: Synthesis, Characterisation and Test of Performances in Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: Albano Gianluigi , Aronica Laura Antonella , Biver Tarita , Detti Rebecca , Pucci Andrea 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo fluorescent dyes (CT‐tEPhA=3,3′,3′′‐(nitrilotris(benzene‐4,1‐diyl))tris(1‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)prop‐2‐yn‐1‐one and T‐tEPhA=tris(4‐(thiophen‐2‐ylethynyl)phenyl)amine) have been synthesised and characterised in different solvents and in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. In both cases, relatively high Stokes shifts (SS) and quantum yields (QY) have been displayed. Notably, CT‐tEPhA based on a mild electron‐attracting carbonyl group coupled with the electron‐donating amino‐centre, shows superior light emitting properties (higher SS, red‐shifted emission, QY > 40%) suggesting application in light harvesting systems. Photocurrent measurements of CT‐tEPhA/PMMA films yield a maximum optical efficiency of 6.32% that is greater than that of fluorophores with same emission window and comparable to that of red‐emitting ones. This efficiency might be improved by extending the push‐pull character of CT‐tEPhA to cover the maximum efficiency of the Si‐based PV cell. Nevertheless, these results clearly support the use of push‐pull fluorophores based on the tris(4‐ethynylphenyl)amine core in solar collectors.
Controlling the Diameters of Nanotubes Self‐Assembled from Designed Peptide Bolaphiles
Authors: Zhao Yurong , Yang Wei , Wang Dong , Wang Jiqian , Li Zongyi , Hu Xuzhi , King Stephen , Rogers Sarah , Lu Jian R. , Xu Hai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractControlling the diameters of nanotubes represents a major challenge in nanostructures self‐assembled from templating molecules. Here, two series of bolaform hexapeptides are designed, with Set I consisting of Ac‐KI4K‐NH2, Ac‐KI3NleK‐NH2, Ac‐KI3LK‐NH2 and Ac‐KI3TleK‐NH2, and Set II consisting of Ac‐KI3VK‐NH2, Ac‐KI2V2K‐NH2, Ac‐KIV3K‐NH2 and Ac‐KV4K‐NH2. In Set I, substitution for Ile in the C‐terminal alters its side‐chain branching, but the hydrophobicity is retained. In Set II, the substitution of Val for Ile leads to the decrease of hydrophobicity, but the side‐chain β‐branching is retained. The peptide bolaphiles tend to form long nanotubes, with the tube shell being composed of a peptide monolayer. Variation in core side‐chain branching and hydrophobicity causes a steady shift of peptide nanotube diameters from more than one hundred to several nanometers, thereby achieving a reliable control over the underlying molecular self‐assembling processes. Given the structural and functional roles of peptide tubes with varying dimensions in nature and in technological applications, this study exemplifies the predictive templating of nanostructures from short peptide self‐assembly.
Colloid‐Interface‐Assisted Laser Irradiation of Nanocrystals Superlattices to be Scalable Plasmonic Superstructures with Novel Activities
Authors: Huang Liu , Wan Xiaodong , Rong Hongpan , Yao Yuan , Xu Meng , Liu Jia , Ji Muwei , Liu Jiajia , Jiang Lan , Zhang Jiatao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHigh‐efficient charge and energy transfer between nanocrystals (NCs) in a bottom‐up assembly are hard to achieve, resulting in an obstacle in application. Instead of the ligands exchange strategies, the advantage of a continuous laser is taken with optimal wavelength and power to irradiate the film‐scale NCs superlattices at solid–liquid interfaces. Owing to the Au‐based NCs' surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, the gentle laser irradiation leads the Au NCs or Au@CdS core/shell NCs to attach each other with controlled pattern at the interfaces between solid NCs phase and liquid ethanol/ethylene glycol. A continuous wave 532 nm laser (6.68–13.37 W cm−2), to control Au‐based superlattices, is used to form the monolayer with uniformly reduced interparticle distance followed by welded superstructures. Considering the size effect to Au NCs' melting, when decreasing the Au NCs size to ≈5 nm, stronger welding nanostructures are obtained with diverse unprecedented shapes which cannot be achieved by normal colloidal synthesis. With the help of facile scale‐up and formation at solid–liquid interfaces, and a good connection of crystalline between NCs, the obtained plasmonic superstructured films that could be facilely transferred onto different substrates exhibit broad SPR absorption in the visible and near‐infrared regime, enhanced electric conductivities, and wide applications as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐active substrates.
Creating Graphitic Carbon Nitride Based Donor‐π–Acceptor‐π–Donor Structured Catalysts for Highly Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Kui , Zhang Wei‐De 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConjugated polymers with tailored donor–acceptor units have recently attracted considerable attention in organic photovoltaic devices due to the controlled optical bandgap and retained favorable separation of charge carriers. Inspired by these advantages, an effective strategy is presented to solve the main obstructions of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) photocatalyst for solar energy conversion, that is, inefficient visible light response and insufficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. Donor‐π–acceptor‐π–donor polymers are prepared by incorporating 4,4′‐(benzoc 1,2,5 thiadiazole‐4,7‐diyl) dianiline (BD) into the g‐C3N4 framework (UCN‐BD). Benefiting from the visible light band tail caused by the extended π conjugation, UCN‐BD possesses expanded visible light absorption range. More importantly, the BD monomer also acts as an electron acceptor, which endows UCN‐BD with a high degree of intramolecular charge transfer. With this unique molecular structure, the optimized UCN‐BD sample exhibits a superior performance for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution upon visible light illumination (3428 µmol h−1 g−1), which is nearly six times of that of the pristine g‐C3N4. In addition, the photocatalytic property remains stable for six cycles in 3 d. This work provides an insight into the synthesis of g‐C3N4‐based D‐π–A‐π–D systems with highly visible light response and long lifetime of intramolecular charge carriers for solar fuel production.
Specific Oxygenated Groups Enriched Graphene Quantum Dots as Highly Efficient Enzyme Mimics
Authors: Wang Huan , Liu Chaoqun , Liu Zhen , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSignificant progress is achieved for the utilization of graphene quantum dots as enzyme mimics in various biomedical fields recently. Although promising, the biocatalytic performance is far from satisfactory. Here, the rational design and synthesis of specific oxygenated groups enriched graphene quantum dots (o‐GQDs) via a facile oxidation reflux route is reported. These well‐prepared o‐GQDs with uniform size exhibit an ultrahigh peroxidase‐like activity in a wide range of pH values, and their superior performance is verified by using glucose detection as a typical model. Compared with classical nanozymes, these o‐GQDs show multiple times higher enzymatic activity. It is believed that the super facile synthesis strategy can greatly facilitate the practical use of o‐GQDs as enzyme mimics in the future.
Microwave‐Assisted Regeneration of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Carbon Fragments
Authors: Lin Dewu , Zhang Shuchen , Zheng Zhe , Hu Wenping , Zhang Jin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDirect growth of chirality‐controlled single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with metal catalyst free strategy, like cloning or epitaxial growth, has suffered from the low efficiency. The underlying problem is the activation of seed edge. Here an unexpectedly efficient microwave‐assisted pathway to regenerate SWNTs from carbon fragments on SiO2/Si substrate is demonstrated via Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM) characterization. In this attempt, microwave irradiation provides fast heating to remove polar groups bonded to carbon nanotubes and reduce the spontaneous closure of tubes’ open ends. The survived SWNT and carbon fragments connected to it after plasma treatment are simply microwaved and then they serve as the template for regeneration. Scanning electron microscope and AFM characterizations indicate that the efficiency of the regeneration can reach 100%. And the regenerated SWNT has been proved without any change in chirality compared to the original SWNT. Electrical measurements on regenerated carbon nanotube films indicate 1 and 2 times increase in on/off ratio and on‐state current respectively than original carbon nanotube films obtained from solution‐phase separation, confirming the improvement of SWNT's quality. The microwave‐assisted regeneration is found to be highly effective and would be applied to improve the cloning efficiency of carbon nanotubes potentially.
Pediatric and Adult Recommendations Vary for Sibling Testing in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Brown Kimberly L. , Flume Patrick A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFour to 5 % of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are diagnosed as adults and often have subtler symptoms. Their siblings are at genetic risk to also have a subtler disease state. Diagnostic testing is recommended for siblings of newly diagnosed infants, but recommendations are less clear for later diagnoses. This study explored sibling testing recommendations in pediatric and adult practice using a survey that was emailed to CF clinicians. There were 58 respondents. Results revealed that 82.5% of pediatric and 36.4% of adult care respondents reported always recommending diagnostic testing for siblings of a newly diagnosed patient. In adult care, another 33.3% reported recommending diagnostic testing if the sibling has symptoms. In pediatric care, whether the sibling had newborn screening was most influential. Most pediatric respondents prefer the sweat chloride test, while 40% in adult practice prefer familial mutation analysis. Perceived barriers included cost, insurance coverage and logistical concerns in both settings, parental emotional state in pediatrics, and concern making recommendations for someone who is not the patient in adult care. Genetic counselors may be able to meet familial needs in CF care, including sibling testing. Many newly diagnosed patients/families do not see a genetic counselor, especially in adult care. These data reveal opportunities for practice guidelines and standardization.
Interactive associations of parental support, demands, and psychological control, over adolescents' beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority
Authors: Mellado Carlos , Cumsille Patricio , Martínez M. Loreto 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the relationship between parental support, demand, psychological control and adolescents' beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority for personal and multifaceted issues in a sample of 1342 Chilean adolescents (M = 16.38, SD = 1.24, age range 14–20). Results from multiple regression analyses separated by age indicated that demand was positively associated with adolescents' beliefs about the legitimacy of parental authority for personal and multifaceted issues and that psychological control was negatively associated with adolescents' legitimacy beliefs concerning personal issues. Furthermore, parental support moderated the relationship between parental demand and adolescents' beliefs about parental legitimacy for personal and multifaceted issues: those who display high levels of demand showed stronger beliefs about parental legitimacy at high level of support. These results support the interactive effect of parental support and demand on adolescent development.
Appendectomy and Crohn's Disease
Authors: Loureiro Ana Catarina Caetano Fonseca , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Introduction Crohn's Disease is a chronic and idiopathic inflammatory process with transmural invasion that can affect the entire gastrointestinal tract. The etiopathogenesis of this pathology is not fully understood and studies have been carried out to understand the influence of different kind of factors on its development, including appendectomy. This monograph aims to address the possible existence of a link between appendectomy and Crohn's Disease, and the possible causes and clinical consequences of this association.
Methods This monograph was based on the research of original scientific articles in MEDLINE database via PubMed, restricted to articles in Portuguese and English during the period between 1991 and 2017.
Results Appendectomy seems positively associated with the development of Crohn's Disease, especially in the first years of surgery, regardless of whether or not there is inflammation of the appendix. In fact, the appendix plays important roles in gastrointestinal integrity, acting in the development of an adequate immune response, maintaining and regulating the intestinal flora.
Conclusion The appendix is important for intestinal homeostasis, preventing the development of certain pathologies. Its resection, regardless of whether or not there is an inflammation after surgery, increases the risk of Crohn's Disease and worsens the prognosis of this pathology, so appendectomy should be avoided in the absence of appendicitis.
Social Mereology
Authors: HAWLEY KATHERINE 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT:What kind of entity is a committee, a book group, or a band? I argue that committees and other such social groups are concrete, composite particulars, having ordinary human beings among their parts. Thus, the committee members are literally parts of the committee. This mereological view of social groups was popular several decades ago but fell out of favor following influential objections from David-Hillel Ruben. Recent years have seen a tidal wave of work in metaphysics, including the metaphysics of parts and wholes. We now have the resources to rehabilitate the mereological view of social groups. I show how this can be done and why we should bother.
Moving Targets: The ‘Canned’ Hunting of Captive-Bred Lions in South Africa
Authors: Schroeder Richard A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract:So-called canned hunts take place within fenced private game ranches and typically target animals bred in captivity solely for that purpose. Thousands of semidomesticated lions form the focal point of South Africa’s canned-hunting industry. Notions of animal welfare, “fair chase,” and conservation have been deployed to varying degrees to sway public opinion surrounding canned hunts in South Africa and abroad. While state regulatory efforts have largely failed to date, the Campaign Against Canned Hunting (CACH) has successfully promoted stricter controls on the importation of lion trophies in Australia, Europe, and the United States, in part by highlighting the recent death of Cecil, a charismatic lion shot by an American bowhunter in Zimbabwe.
Physician Perceptions Regarding Antimicrobial Use in End-of-Life Care
Authors: Gaw Christopher E. , Hamilton Keith W. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Szymczak Julia E. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUNDThe decision to utilize antimicrobials in end-of-life situations is complex. Understanding the reasons why physicians prescribe antimicrobials in this patient population is important for informing the design of antimicrobial stewardship interventions.METHODSA 51-item survey containing both closed and open-ended questions on end-of-life antimicrobial use was administered to physicians affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia from January through April 2017. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze responses.RESULTSOf 637 physicians surveyed, 283 responses (44.4%) were received. Most (86.2%) physicians believed that respecting a patient’s wish to continue antimicrobials was important. Approximately half of physicians (49.8%) believed that antimicrobial use at the end of life contributes to resistance. A higher proportion of pediatricians would often or always continue antimicrobial treatment for active infections and for hospice patients whose death was imminent compared to adult physicians (P<.001). Analysis of free-text responses revealed additional reasons why physicians may continue antimicrobials at end of life, including meeting family expectations, wanting to avoid the perception of “giving up,” uncertainty about prognosis, and reducing patient pain or discomfort.CONCLUSIONSPhysician decision making concerning antimicrobial use in patients at the end of life is multifactorial. Clinicians may overweigh the benefits of antimicrobial therapy in end-of-life situations and view the importance of adhering to stewardship policies differently. Pediatric and adult clinicians have different approaches to this patient population. Better understanding of the complex decision making that occurs in the end-of-life patient population can help guide antimicrobial stewardship policies and improve patient care.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:383–390
The Lichen Flora Near a Lead-Zinc Mine at Maarmorilik in West Greenland
Authors: Hansen E. S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEighty-seven lichen taxa were collected at four localities near the leadzinc mine at Maarmorilik. These are listed alphabetically and grouped according to their ecological preferences. Lichens, which in Greenland are restricted to calcareous rocks and alkaline soil substrata, are well represented in the Maarmorilik area. In contrast, ferrugineous lichens appear to be comparatively rare. The lichens around the mining town are assumed to have accumulated significant concentrations of airborne lead and zinc. However, no damage to the lichens caused by heavy metals was observed.