bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Code obfuscation against abstraction refinement attacks
Authors: Bruni Roberto , Giacobazzi Roberto , Gori Roberta 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Code protection technologies require anti reverse engineering transformations to obfuscate programs in such a way that tools and methods for program analysis become ineffective. We introduce the concept of model deformation inducing an effective code obfuscation against attacks performed by abstract model checking. This means complicating the model in such a way a high number of spurious traces are generated in any formal verification of the property to disclose about the system under attack.We transform the program model in order to make the removal of spurious counterexamples by abstraction refinement maximally inefficient. Because our approach is intended to defeat the fundamental abstraction refinement strategy, we are independent from the specific attack carried out by abstract model checking. A measure of the quality of the obfuscation obtained by model deformation is given together with a corresponding best obfuscation strategy for abstract model checking based on partition refinement.
Phytobeozar large bowel obstruction – The prickly pear (A single centre experience and case series report)
Authors: Zahra Samuel , Sammut Matthew , Debono Joseph 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
A bezoar, describes a non-digestible item material. Phytobezoars described in the literature include celery, pumpkins and grape skins. There is a lack of literature describing the Opuntia ficus-indica, also known as the prickly pear, as a cause of phytobezoar obstruction.

Aim:
To describe a single centre experience with prickly pear bowel obstruction and to perform a case series about prickly pear obstruction.

Results:
23 patients required surgical manual disimpaction under anaesthesia due to large bowel obstruction caused by prickly pears between 2014 and 2017. No correlation was identified between quantity ingested and risk of obstruction. A ′faecoloma' was visible on plain abdominal radiographs in most patients. Administration of laxatives was administered in most patients after the manual disimpaction.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the opuntia ficus indica is a ‘multi-purpose’ fruit used from the agricultural sector to the pharmaceutical industry. Its use is likely to increase worldwide, including as a source of food/delicacy, espiceially in countries who promote it as part of their traditional gastronomy. Our experience, has taught us, the prickly pear seeds can lead to large bowel faecal impaction secondary to distal faecoloma formation, when consumed, with no obvious correlation between quantity ingested and risk of obstruction. Utilisation of the osmotic based laxatives is effective but manual disimpaction may be necessary for the phytobezoar induced large bowel obstruction to be relieved.

Highlights:
Client-Centred Concepts in a Personalized E-Mail Support Intervention Designed for Chinese Caregivers of Family Members with Dementia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chiu Teresa M.L. , Marziali Elsa , Tang Mary , Colantonio Angela , Carswell Anne 
Published: July 2018

Objective A new personalized e-mail supported intervention was designed based on client-centred occupational therapy concepts. Research showed that the new intervention benefit Chinese caregivers. This study aimed to analyze the content and process of the new intervention and explore how the client-centred concepts can be applied to Internet-mediated intervention. Methods Twenty-eight Chinese Canadian family caregivers exchanged e-mails with Chinese clinicians for 6 months. E-mail was the sole form of communication between the caregivers and clinicians who provided conventional one-to-one support intervention via the e-mail medium. All e-mail exchanges were analyzed using an open coding system. Results The communication process through e-mail exchanges paralleled those presented in face-to-face support interventions. The caregivers' approach to caregiving was guided by Chinese beliefs in (a) honouring and respecting parents and grandparents; (b) sharing the care among family members, thereby insuring a harmonious family life; and (c) shaping emotional responses to avoid disruption to the harmonious family life. Core client-centred concepts were reflected in the intervention strategies, and the caregivers were responsive to the strategies. Therapists used special questions and responses to compensate for a lack of nonverbal cues in the communication process but had difficulty in assessing what prevented some caregivers from participating in the intervention process. Conclusion Client-centred occupational therapy can be successfully applied in the context of e-mail intervention and benefited Chinese caregivers. As the Internet has become a daily activity among many clients and occupational therapists, more studies are needed to advance the theory and practice of Internet-mediated occupational therapy.
Transfer of pathogens to and from patients, healthcare providers, and medical devices during care activity—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wolfensberger Aline , Clack Lauren , Kuster Stefan P. , Passerini Simone , Mody Lona , Chopra Vineet , Mann Jason , Sax Hugo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe transfer of pathogens may spread antimicrobial resistance and lead to healthcare-acquired infections. We performed a systematic literature review to generate estimates of pathogen transfer in relation to healthcare provider (HCP) activities.MethodsFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, Medline/Ovid, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published before July 7, 2017. We reviewed the literature, examining transfer of pathogens associated with HCP activities. We included studies that (1) quantified transfer of pathogens from a defined origin to a defined destination surface; (2) reported a microbiological sampling technique; and (3) described the associated activity leading to transfer. For studies reporting transfer frequencies, we extracted data and calculated the estimated proportion using Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation and the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model.ResultsOf 13,121 identified articles, 32 were included. Most articles (n=27, 84%) examined transfer from patients and their environment to HCP hands, gloves, and gowns, with an estimated proportion for transfer frequency of 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12%–57%), 30% (95% CI, 23%–38%) and 10% (95% CI, 6%–14%), respectively. Other articles addressed transfer involving the hospital environment and medical devices. Risk factor analyses in 12 studies suggested higher transfer frequencies after contact with moist body sites (n=7), longer duration of care (n=5), and care of patients with an invasive device (n=3).ConclusionsRecognizing the heterogeneity in study designs, the available evidence suggests that pathogen transfer to HCPs occurs frequently. More systematic research is urgently warranted to support targeted and economic prevention policies and interventions.
Morphological and phylogenetic aspects of the dentition of Megacephalosaurus eulerti, a pliosaurid from the Turonian of Kansas, USA, with remarks on the cranial anatomy of the taxon
Authors: MADZIA DANIEL , SACHS SVEN , LINDGREN JOHAN 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMegacephalosaurus eulerti is a large macropredatory plesiosaur representing one of the last members of the diverse pliosaurid clade Brachaucheninae. The taxon was established upon a nearly complete skull including the mandible and fragments of the postcranial skeleton originating from the lower middle Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Kansas, USA. Owing to its age, reasonable completeness and its state of preservation, M. eulerti bears important anatomical details regarding the last brachauchenines. Here we assess the dentition of the taxon, compare the teeth to those of other thalassophonean pliosaurids and comment on the utility of these results for inferences of the phylogenetic relationships of the last brachauchenines. Additionally, we provide remarks on the cranial anatomy of M. eulerti, revise character scores of this taxon used in current phylogenetic studies and address the phylogenetic relationships within Brachaucheninae. Parsimony analyses, aimed to test different character sampling and tree-search strategy, inferred only a single unambiguous synapomorphy uniting a clade formed by mid- to Late Cretaceous brachauchenines: presence of subcircular rather than subtrihedral/trihedral cross-sectional shape of the teeth. Still, the last brachauchenines (Brachauchenius and Megacephalosaurus) can be roughly characterized by a switch from anisodont to subisodont dentition and reduction of their tooth count. Nevertheless, the overall knowledge of the origin, phylogenetic relationships and distinguishability of brachauchenine pliosaurids remains poor and represents a subject for further extensive studies and modifications in taxon and character sampling.
Communiqué: a planning-based sequence diagrams generator
Authors: Ahmed Moataz , Sulaiman Yaser 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDuring the software system development lifecycle, different types of Unified Modeling Language model are developed to represent different views of the system. Sequence diagrams represent one of the most important types of model. They show how objects in the system interact to offer the functionality manifested in the form of use cases. As the complexity of the system being modeled increases, creating the sequence diagrams manually becomes harder. However, the problem of automatic sequence diagrams generation has not caught enough researchers yet. This paper presents an approach and a tool to automatically generate sequence diagrams from use cases and class diagrams. The problem of determining the sequence of message passing is treated as an Artificial Intelligence action planning problem and solved as such. In doing so, Design by Contract concepts are enforced in the specification of the given use cases and class diagrams. A special message-passing planner, Communiqué, was developed and implemented accordingly. The overall approach was empirically evaluated against sets of manually created sequence diagrams available in the literature. Communiqué was able to create sequence diagrams comparable to the manually developed ones. The paper also sheds the light on some directions for future work to advance the applicability of the approach.
STATISTICAL SENSITIVITY, COGNITIVE APTITUDES, AND PROCESSING OF COLLOCATIONS
Authors: Yi Wei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFrequency and contingency (i.e., co-occurrence probability of words in multiword sequences [MWS]) are two driving forces of language acquisition and processing. Previous research has demonstrated that L1 and advanced L2 speakers are sensitive to phrasal frequency and contingency when processing larger-than-word units. However, it remains unclear whether such statistical sensitivity is robust across tasks and among subcategories of MWS. In addition, little is known about whether cognitive aptitudes can moderate such sensitivity. This study examined L1 and advanced L2 speakers’ statistical sensitivity to phrasal frequency and contingency as well as cognitive aptitudes’ moderating effects on such sensitivity when processing English adjective-noun collocations. Participants performed a phrasal acceptability judgment task (PJT). Meanwhile, their aptitude profiles were measured by six aptitude tests, which loaded separately onto implicit language aptitude, explicit language aptitude, and working memory capacity. Linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that both L1 and L2 English speakers were sensitive to phrasal frequency and contingency of collocations, although L2 speakers’ sensitivity was much stronger than that of L1 speakers. None of the aptitudes was found to moderate language users’ statistical sensitivity to either collocation frequency or contingency. Interestingly, disassociation patterns between the PJT performance and the involvement of implicit or explicit language aptitude among the L1 and L2 speakers were found. It was concluded that L1 and L2 speakers differed in terms of the way they processed the collocations, as well as the nature of their collocational knowledge.
The training of therapeutic radiographers in dementia care: a literature review
Authors: Carnall Chelsea , Chianese Janette 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn the United Kingdom, 7·1% of people aged over 65 live with dementia. The National Dementia Strategy emphasises the need for a skilled workforce competent in dementia care. In all, 50% of cancer patients are in the 70 plus age group, suggesting that education of therapeutic radiographers in the care of the patient with dementia is key. The aim of the study was to review the literature regarding training of therapeutic radiographers on dementia and use the findings to make recommendations for training in the future in order to provide the best care.Materials and methodsA literature search of electronic databases holding peer-reviewed journals was conducted. Search terms were generated using the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome (PICO) method and retrieved articles were evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. Additional evidence was accessed through snowballing and from grey literature.ResultsThe search failed to find any studies on dementia care education within a radiotherapy setting and only a limited number were found in the acute care setting. There appeared to be a large variation in the education provision for healthcare professionals on the subject of dementia care, both at the pre-registration and post-registration stages.FindingsThere is no evidence of a standardised education programme for healthcare professionals in dementia care. In the future, therapeutic radiographers are likely to see more patients with dementia but currently some may not have had the education and training to provide effective holistic care.
How safe is radiotherapy practice in India: perceptions and practical experiences among the workers of radiotherapy facilities in North East, India?
Authors: Thokchom Singh Dewan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to understand how the regulatory requirements for functioning radiotherapy practices in India to control risk were conceptualised, perceived and applied accordingly in the radiotherapy facilities. It further examined how the social factors influenced the decision-making process for implementing regulatory requirements in the radiotherapy facilities.Material and methodThis study was carried out in nine radiotherapy facilities located in the northeastern Indian states of Manipur, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. The study adopted both the semi-structured and in-depth questionnaire, developed on the basis of multidisciplinary fields.ResultThe study found that the facilities in the northeastern regions were commissioned in line with the regulatory requirements. The facilities had adequate structural shielding rooms to protect workers, patients and the public from the risk of ionising radiation. However, in the operational phase of the facilities, majority of the facilities had the improper management of existing resources and non-implementation of regulatory requirements on time. It was observed that workers in some facilities continued the practice, despite the failure of specific safety functions, or not meeting regulatory requirements. Such practices led to the suspension of patient treatment in three of the facilities by the regulator. The existence of a varying nature of risk perceptions among oncologists, medical physicists, radiological safety officers, radiotherapy technologists in the facilities were observed and these influenced the decision-making process of the facilities on the implementation of regulatory requirements.ConclusionThe study found that the facilities needed to explore various means, including to narrow the gap that existed in respects of perceived risk (within the facilities), communication to enhance work coordination and mutual trust among workers. The adoption of the institutional policy for conducting an internal audit of working practices, encouragement of workers to participate in continuing education programs would enhance effective utilisation of already existing infrastructure/equipment and work procedures including quality assurance programs.
Space Weather in the Heliosphere
Authors: Russell C. T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe live on a very special planet in a very special solar system. Our planet has a benign climate. Our star has several habitable planets and is not so active as to inhibit the exploration and future colonization of these planets. In this short paper we review how the solar wind interacts with the planets, what factors matter in this interaction, and how active is our star.
Prediction of Ground Level Enhancements
Authors: Núñez Marlon , Reyes-Santiago Pedro J. , Malandraki Olga E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper summarizes the first tool that is able to predict Ground Level Enhancements (GLE). It makes real-time predictions of the occurrence of GLE events from the analysis of soft X-ray and differential proton flux measured by the GOES satellite network. Before the development of this tool, space weather systems have been warning users about evolving GLE events by processing neutron measurements recorded on ground level. This tool, called HESPERIA UMASEP-500, can predict GLE events before the detection by any neutron monitor (NM) station. The prediction performance measured for the period from 1986 to 2016 is presented for two consecutive periods, because of their notable difference in performance. For the 2000-2016 period, this prediction tool obtained a probability of detection (POD) of 53.8% (7 of 13 GLE events), a false alarm ratio (FAR) of 30.0%, and average warning times (AWT) of 8 min and 15 min with respect to the first NM station’s alert and the GLE Alert Plus warning, respectively. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under agreement No 637324.
Space Observations to Determine the Location of Locally Vertical Geomagnetic Field
Authors: Lepidi Stefania , Di Mauro Domenico , Tozzi Roberta , Cafarella Lili , De Michelis Paola , Marzocchetti Martina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe points where the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field vanishes are located in polar areas, far away from the geomagnetic (analytic) poles and the poles of rotation of the Earth and, differently from the geomagnetic poles, can be found experimentally with a magnetic survey to determine where the field is vertical. The experimental determination of the area where the total field is perfectly vertical, commonly known as dip pole, is not simple, due to the remoteness and harsh climatic conditions; another difficulty is related to the short term geomagnetic field variations, due to the interaction with the external solar wind, which causes the magnetospheric dynamics, particularly evident at high latitude, and as a consequence a displacement of the dip pole. Actually, the study of the dip pole displacements over short time scales can be an important tool for monitoring the magnetospheric dynamics at high latitude. In this study we present the updated location of the the dip poles, using data from the Swarm ESA’s constellation of satellites along their almost polar orbits. We also analyse the spatial shift of these areas during different seasons and interplanetary magnetic field orientations.
Solar Radio Emission as a Prediction Technique for Coronal Mass Ejections’ Detection
Authors: Fridman Vladimir M. , Sheiner Olga A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this report we present a possible scheme of short-term CME detection forecasting developed on the basis of statistical analysis of solar radio emission regularities prior to “isolated” solar Coronal Mass Ejections registered in 1998, 2003, 2009-2013.
The Belgian Space Weather Observatory in Dourbes
Authors: Sapundjiev D. , Verhulst T. G. W. , Stankov S. M. , Jodogne J. C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe paper outlines the space-weather-related observations, instrumentation, research and service developments carried out at the Geophysical Centre of the Royal Meteorological Institute (RMI) in Dourbes, Belgium.
Electron Acceleration in Collapsing Magnetic Traps during the Solar Flare on July 19, 2012: Observations and Models
Authors: Gritsyk P. A. , Somov B. V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing the appropriate kinetic equation, we considered the problem of propagation of accelerated electrons into the solar corona and chromosphere. Its analytical solution was used for modelling the M7.7 class limb flare occurred on July 19, 2012. Coronal above-the-loop-top hard X-Ray source was interpreted in the thin-target approximation, the foot-point source - in the thick-target approximation with account of the reverse-current electric field. For the foot-point source we found a good accordance with the RHESSI observations. For the coronal source we also got very accurate estimate of the power-law spectral index, but significant differences between the modelled and observed hard X-ray intensities were noticed. The last discrepancy was solved by adding the coronal magnetic trap model to the thin target model. The former one implies that the trap collapses in two dimensions, locks and accelerates particles inside itself. In our report, we confirm an existence and high efficiency of the electron acceleration in collapsing magnetic traps during solar flares. Our new results represent (e.g. for RHESSI observations) the theoretical prediction of the double step particle acceleration in solar flares, when the first step is the acceleration in reconnection area and the second one – the acceleration in coronal trap.
Forecasting Solar Energetic Particle Fluence with Multi-Spacecraft Observations
Authors: Laitinen T. , Dalla S. , Battarbee M. , Marsh M. S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractForecasting Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) fluence, as integrated over an SEP event, is an important element when estimating the effect of solar eruptions on humans and technology in space. Current real-time estimates are based on SEP measurements at a single location in space. However, the interplanetary magnetic field corotates with the Sun approximately 13° each day with respect to Earth, thus in 4 days a near-Earth spacecraft will have changed their connection about 60° from the original SEP source. We estimate the effect of the corotation on particle fluence using a simple particle transport model, and show that ignoring corotation can cause up to an order of magnitude error in fluence estimations, depending on the interplanetary particle transport conditions. We compare the model predictions with STEREO observations of SEP events.
Geomagnetic Consequences of Interacting CMEs of June 13-14, 2012
Authors: Srivastava Nandita , Mirtoshev Zavkiddin , Mishra Wageesh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe have studied the consequences of interacting coronal mass ejections (CMEs) of June 13-14, 2012 which were directed towards Earth and caused a moderate geomagnetic storm with Dst index ~ −86 nT. We analysed the in-situ observations of the solar wind plasma and magnetic field parameters obtained from the OMNI database for these CMEs. The in-situ observations show that the interacting CMEs arrive at Earth with the strongest (~ 150 nT) Sudden Storm Commencement (SSC) of the solar cycle 24. We compared these interacting CMEs to a similar interaction event which occurred during November 9-10, 2012. This occurred in the same phase of the solar cycle 24 but resulted in an intense geomagnetic storm (Dst ~ −108 nT), as reported by Mishra et al. (2015). Our analysis shows that in the June event, the interaction led to a merged structure at 1 AU while in the case of November 2012 event, the interacted CMEs arrived as two distinct structures at 1 AU. The geomagnetic signatures of the two cases reveal that both resulted in a single step geomagnetic storm.