bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of organisational digital maturity on clinical outcomes in secondary care in England
Authors: Martin Guy , Clarke Jonathan , Liew Felicity , Arora Sonal , King Dominic , Aylin Paul , Darzi Ara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAll healthcare systems are increasingly reliant on health information technology to support the delivery of high-quality, efficient and safe care. Data on its effectiveness are however limited. We therefore sought to examine the impact of organisational digital maturity on clinical outcomes in secondary care within the English National Health Service. We conducted a retrospective analysis of routinely collected administrative data for 13,105,996 admissions across 136 hospitals in England from 2015 to 2016. Data from the 2016 NHS Clinical Digital Maturity Index were used to characterise organisational digital maturity. A multivariable regression model including 12 institutional covariates was utilised to examine the relationship between one measure of organisational digital maturity and five key clinical outcome measures. There was no significant relationship between organisational digital maturity and risk-adjusted 30-day mortality, 28-day readmission rates or complications of care. In multivariable analysis risk-adjusted long length of stay and harm-free care were significantly related to aspects of organisational digital maturity; digitally mature hospitals may not only deliver more harm-free care episodes but also may have a significantly increased risk of patients experiencing a long length of stay. Organisational digital maturity is to some extent related to selected clinical outcomes in secondary care in England. Digital maturity is, however, also strongly linked to other institutional factors that likely play a greater role in influencing clinical outcomes. There is a need to better understand how health IT impacts care delivery and supports other drivers of hospital quality.
TRAIL, OPG, and TWEAK in kidney disease: biomarkers or therapeutic targets?
Authors: Bernardi Stella , Voltan Rebecca , Rimondi Erika , Melloni Elisabetta , Milani Daniela , Cervellati Carlo , Gemmati Donato , Celeghini Claudio , Secchiero Paola , Zauli Giorgio , Tisato Veronica 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLigands and receptors of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily regulate immune responses and homeostatic functions with potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Kidney disease represents a global public health problem, whose prevalence is rising worldwide, due to the aging of the population and the increasing prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and immune disorders. In addition, chronic kidney disease is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, which further increases kidney-related morbidity and mortality. Recently, it has been shown that some TNF superfamily members are actively implicated in renal pathophysiology. These members include TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), and TNF-like weaker inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). All of them have shown the ability to activate crucial pathways involved in kidney disease development and progression (e.g. canonical and non-canonical pathways of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B), as well as the ability to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis with double-edged effects depending on the type and stage of kidney injury. Here we will review the actions of TRAIL, OPG, and TWEAK on diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease, in order to provide insights into their full clinical potential as biomarkers and/or therapeutic options against kidney disease.
Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology Simulation Training on the 1-3-6 Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Timeline
Authors: Alanazi Ahmad A. , Nicholson Nannette 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This study aimed to find out more about the effect of the use of the 1-3-6 early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI) timeline and interprofessional simulation training on audiology and speech-language pathology graduate students' confidence level of knowledge and skills.

Method

A 1-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental study design was used to assess self-ratings of confidence in knowledge and skills. The mean age for 50 graduate students participating in this study was 25.32 years (
SD
= ±3.77, range: 22–37 years). Participants completed a pre- and postevent questionnaire in which they rated their level of confidence for specific knowledge and skills. Three case scenarios represented by standardized parents were developed, and 8 students volunteered to participate in implementing the 1-3-6 EHDI timeline, whereas others participated as observers. All participants participated in the briefing and debriefing sessions immediately before and after each scenario. Participants were asked to rate their readiness for interprofessional education/practice and their satisfaction of the educational experience after the last case scenario.

Results

Overall, the pre- and postsimulation event questionnaire revealed a significant improvement in the participants' self-rated confidence levels in knowledge and skills. The mean difference between pre- and postevent scores was 0.78 (
p
< .01). The mean interprofessional learning was 2.13 (range: 1.16–2.57,
SD
= ±0.24) based on a Likert scale, where 1 =
strongly agree
and 5 =
strongly disagree
. The mean satisfaction level was 4.37 (range: 3.94–4.72,
SD
= ±0.24) based on a Likert scale, where 1 =
not satisfied
and 5 =
very satisfied
.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated the value of using interprofessional simulation training among audiology and speech-language pathology students to improve their confidence in knowledge and skills. The curriculum developed in this study for the 1-3-6 EHDI timeline provides resources for educators in both professions and other related professions.
The effects of ionization feedback on star formation: a case study of the M 16 H II region
Authors: Xu Jin-Long , Zavagno Annie , Yu Naiping , Liu Xiao-Lan , Xu Ye , Yuan Jinghua , Zhang Chuan-Peng , Zhang Si-Ju , Zhang Guo-Yin , Ning Chang-Chun , Ju Bing-Gang 
Published: May 2019

Aims. We aim to investigate the impact of the ionized radiation from the M 16 H II region on the surrounding molecular cloud and on its hosted star formation.
Methods. To present comprehensive multi-wavelength observations towards the M 16 H II region, we used new CO data and existing infrared, optical, and submillimeter data. The 12CO J = 1−0, 13CO J = 1−0, and C18O J = 1−0 data were obtained with the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) 13.7 m radio telescope. To trace massive clumps and extract young stellar objects (YSOs) associated with the M 16 H II region, we used the ATLASGAL and GLIMPSE I catalogs, respectively.
Results. From CO data, we discern a large-scale filament with three velocity components. Because these three components overlap with each other in both velocity and space, the filament may be made of three layers. The M 16 ionized gas interacts with the large-scale filament and has reshaped its structure. In the large-scale filament, we find 51 compact cores from the ATLASGAL catalog, 20 of them being quiescent. The mean excitation temperature of these cores is 22.5 K, while this is 22.2 K for the quiescent cores. This high temperature observed for the quiescent cores suggests that the cores may be heated by M 16 and do not experience internal heating from sources in the cores. Through the relationship between the mass and radius of these cores, we obtain that 45% of all the cores are massive enough to potentially form massive stars. Compared with the thermal motion, the turbulence created by the nonthermal motion is responsible for the core formation. For the pillars observed towards M 16, the H II region may give rise to the strong turbulence.
Quest for the tertiary component in Cyg OB2 #5
Authors: Rauw Gregor , Nazé Yaël , Campos Fran 
Published: May 2019

Aims. The Cyg OB2 #5 system is thought to consist of a short-period (6.6 d) eclipsing massive binary orbited by an OB-star with a period of ~6.7 yr; these stars in turn are orbited by a distant early B-star with a period of thousands of years. However, while the inner binary has been studied many times, information is missing on the other stars, in particular the third star whose presence was indirectly postulated from recurrent modulations in the radio domain. Besides, to this date, the X-ray light curve could not be fully interpreted, for example in the framework of colliding-wind emission linked to one of the systems.
Methods. We obtained new optical and X-ray observations of Cyg OB2 #5, which we combined to archival data. We performed a thorough and homogeneous investigation of all available data, notably revisiting the times of primary minimum in photometry.
Results. In the X-ray domain, XMM-Newton provides scattered exposures over ~5000 d whilst Swift provides a nearly continuous monitoring for the last couple of years. Although the X-ray light curve reveals clear variability, no significant period can be found hence the high-energy emission cannot be explained solely in terms of colliding winds varying along either the short or intermediate orbits. The optical data reveal for the first time clear signs of reflex motion. The photometry indicates the presence of a 2366 d (i.e. 6.5 yr) period while the associated radial velocity changes are detected at the 3σ level in the systemic velocity of the He II λ 4686 emission line. With the revised period, the radio light curve is interpreted consistently in terms of a wind interaction between the inner binary and the tertiary star. From these optical and radio data, we derive constraints on the physical properties of the tertiary star and its orbit.
Hot UV-bright stars of galactic globular clusters
Authors: Moehler S. , Landsman W. B. , Lanz T. , Miller Bertolami M. M. 
Published: May 2019

Context. We have performed a census of the UV-bright population in 78 globular clusters using wide-field UV telescopes. This population includes a variety of phases of post-horizontal branch (HB) evolution, including hot post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, and post-early AGB stars. There are indications that old stellar systems like globular clusters produce fewer post-(early) AGB stars than currently predicted by evolutionary models, but observations are still scarce.
Aims. We wish to derive effective temperatures, surface gravities, and helium abundances of the luminous hot UV-bright stars in these clusters to determine their evolutionary status and compare the observed numbers to predictions from evolutionary theory.
Methods. We obtained FORS2 spectroscopy of eleven of these UV-selected objects (covering a range of −2.3 <  [Fe/H] <  −1.0), which we (re-)analysed together with previously observed data. We used model atmospheres of different metallicities, including super-solar ones. Where possible, we verified our atmospheric parameters using UV spectrophotometry and searched for metal lines in the optical spectra. We calculated evolutionary sequences for four metallicity regimes and used them together with information about the HB morphology of the globular clusters to estimate the expected numbers of post-AGB stars.
Results. We find that metal-rich model spectra are required to analyse stars hotter than 40 000 K. Seven of the eleven new luminous UV-bright stars are post-AGB or post-early AGB stars, while two are evolving away from the HB, one is a foreground white dwarf, and another is a white dwarf merger. Taking into account published information on other hot UV-bright stars in globular clusters, we find that the number of observed hot post-AGB stars generally agrees with the predicted values, although the numbers are still low.
Conclusions. Spectroscopy is clearly required to identify the evolutionary status of hot UV-bright stars. For hotter stars, metal-rich model spectra are required to reproduce their optical and UV spectra, which may affect the flux contribution of hot post-AGB stars to the UV spectra of evolved populations. While the observed numbers of post-AGB and post-early AGB stars roughly agree with the predictions, our current comparison is affected by low number statistics.
Diagnose der Thrombozytenfunktionsstörungen – eine Herausforderung im Labor
Authors: Althaus Karina , Wagner Miriam , Bakchoul Tamam 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Ursache von Thrombozytenfunktionsstörungen kann erblich bedingt sein, aber auch infolge von Begleiterkrankungen und Arzneimittelwirkungen auftreten. Die Thrombozytenfunktionsuntersuchung ist jedoch komplex und kaum standardisiert. Die Bestimmung der Thrombozytenzahl und die morphologische Untersuchung der Blutplättchen sind auch für eine erste Beurteilung der Thrombozytenfunktion extrem hilfreich. Bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf eine Thrombozytenfunktionsstörung sollte nach Bestimmung der Thrombozytenzahl und der ersten morphologischen Untersuchung die Lichttransmissionsaggregometrie (LTA) und wenn möglich die Sekretionsanalyse z.B. in der Durchflusszytometrie bzw. die Immunfluoreszenzmikroskopie durchgeführt werden. Bei auffälligen Befunden können weitere spezialisierte Verfahren wie z.B. die Elektronenmikroskopie und genetische Untersuchungen zielführend sein. Hierbei ist eine Vereinheitlichung von Thrombozytenfunktionsanalysen und Antikörperuntersuchungen zwischen den verschiedenen Laboren extrem wichtig, um die Diagnostik auf diesem Gebiet zu optimieren. Wir möchten uns in diesem Artikel auf die angeborene Thrombozytenfunktionsstörung und die derzeit aktuellen Labormethoden fokussieren, um die zugrunde liegenden molekularen und genetischen Defekte genauer bestimmen zu können. Ziel ist es, eine optimale Anwendung des diagnostischen und therapeutischen Ansatzes für die Behandlung von Patienten mit erblichen Thrombozytenfunktionsstörungen zu ermöglichen.
Die unerwartet positive Kreuzprobe
Authors: Weiland Thorsten 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungEine positive Verträglichkeitsprobe bei scheinbar negativem Antikörperstatus ist ein seltenes Ereignis, das jedoch häufig eiliger Aufklärung bedarf. Zu den Ursachen gehören Verwechslungen von Proben oder Patienten, Fehlbestimmungen, neu nachweisbare irreguläre Alloantikörper, Antikörper gegen niedrigfrequente Antigene, gegen Reagenzienbestandteile oder gegen das Merkmal A1. Ein standardisierter Arbeitsfluss hilft, die Ursachen rationell und schnell aufzuklären und so eine sichere Versorgung des Patienten zu ermöglichen.
Effect of Fatigue on Functional Stability of the Knee: Particularities of Female Handball Players
Authors: Gillot Timothée , L'Hermette Maxime , Garnier Typhanie , Tourny-Chollet Claire 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in female handball players is high. Fatigue of active stabilizers and increases in joint laxity are often mentioned in the literature as causal factors. However, no studies have been carried out on this population. Our objective is to determine the effect of muscle fatigue on active and passive knee stability in female handball players. This prospective study assessed tibiofemoral joint laxity, as well as hamstring and quadriceps strength, before (Tinitial), during and 3 min after (Tfinal) an isokinetic fatigue protocol (25 repetitions of knee flexion / extension at 180°.s−1). Laxity values (slope of the displacement-load curve and anterior tibial translation) were measured using a GNRB-Rotab® arthrometer; torque values were measured at specific joint angles and peak muscle torque using an isokinetic dynamometer. Nineteen women (20.9±2.4 years, 62.0±4.9 kg, 166±5 cm) were included. Normalized peak torque decreased significantly between the first three and last three repetitions of the fatigue protocol (p<0.0001, ES=3.2 and 3.2). Slope of the displacement-load curve and anterior tibial translation, functional and conventional ratios did not change significantly between Tinitial and Tfinal. Active and passive markers of knee stability were not altered by a fatigue protocol in female handball players, suggesting these players have a large capacity for recovery. These results suggest that muscle strengthening to prevent ACL injury in female handball players may be inappropriate.Level of evidence: Level 2b, Prospective Cohort.
Patientenzufriedenheit nach Thyreoidektomie – die Breite der Narbe ist wichtiger als die Länge
Authors: von Heesen Maximilian , Pawlik Katharina , Scherber Philipp R , Schuld Jochen 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zur Vermeidung einer Narbe am Hals wurden alternative Verfahren zur Thyreoidektomie entwickelt. Ziel unserer Studie war es, die Bedeutung der Narbe und die Einflussfaktoren für die Zufriedenheit nach klassischer Thyreoidektomie im Langzeitverlauf festzustellen.
Material und Methoden 228 Patienten, die sich zwischen 2001 und 2014 wegen einer gutartigen Schilddrüsenerkrankung einer partiellen oder totalen Thyreoidektomie unterzogen hatten, nahmen an einer telefonischen Befragung teil. Neben der Zufriedenheit der Patienten wurden demographischen Daten, das subjektive Erscheinungsbild der Narbe und subjektive Beschwerden erfasst.
Ergebnisse 93,8 % der Patienten waren mit der Behandlung zufrieden. Weibliche und jüngere Patienten waren tendenziell unzufriedener als männliche und ältere. Die mittlere Narbenlänge betrug 6,03 ± 2,36 cm und die mittlere Narbenbreite 2,01 ± 1,46 mm. Die Länge der Narbe hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Zufriedenheit. Dagegen waren Patienten mit einer breiteren prominent oder auffällig verfärbten Narbe signifikant unzufriedener. Patienten, die postoperativ dauerhaft an Beschwerden wie Druckgefühl oder Schluckbeschwerden litten, waren ebenfalls signifikant unzufriedener. Kosmetische Probleme beeinflussen die Zufriedenheit stärker als funktionelle Probleme.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Zufriedenheit nach Thyreoidektomie ist im Langzeitverlauf gut. Ob durch die Anwendung eines alternativen bzw. minimalinvasiven Verfahrens die Zufriedenheit weiter verbessert werden kann, ist fraglich. Diese Verfahren sind gegebenenfalls eine Alternative für jüngere und weibliche Patienten oder solche, die einen hohen Wert auf Kosmetik legen.
Geschichte der Universitätshautkliniken Leipzig
Authors: Barth J. , Haustein U.-F. , Simon J.-C. 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungAn der zweitältesten deutschen Universität, Leipzig, wurde die Dermatovenerologie als selbständiges Lehrfach mit klinischer Ausrichtung erst 1896 und damit vergleichsweise spät etabliert. Erster Honorarprofessor und Klinikdirektor war der Wiener Gustav Riehl. Ihm folgte im Amt 1902 der aus Innsbruck nach Leipzig berufene Johann Heinrich Rille, der fortan 32 Jahre lang in Leipzig wirkte. Seinen Aktivitäten ist es zu verdanken, dass die Dermatovenerologie 1931 in ein architektonisch eindrucksvolles, nach modernsten Gesichtspunkten ausgerüstetes, neues Klinikgebäude einziehen konnte. Mit 407 Betten für Haut- und Geschlechtskranke war die Klinik eine der größten in Europa. Im 2. Weltkrieg erlitt sie starke Zerstörungen. 2006 erhielt das Fachgebiet wiederum ein neues Gebäude zugewiesen, das den Ansprüchen an eine moderne Dermatovenerologie voll gerecht wird.
Tumors: Wounds That Do Not Heal—A Historical Perspective with a Focus on the Fundamental Roles of Increased Vascular Permeability and Clotting
Authors: Dvorak Harold F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSimilarities between solid tumor stroma generation, wound healing, chronic inflammation, and associated inflammatory diseases have prompted interest from the time of Virchow. However, it was not until the 1970s that these entities were shown to share important molecular mechanisms. Foundational to all of them is the initiating role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) in increasing vascular permeability to plasma and plasma proteins. Extravasated plasma activates the tissue factor clotting pathway, leading to extravascular deposition of a fibrin gel. Fibrin serves initially as a provisional stroma that provides a favorable substrate for the attachment and migration of tumor cells, as well as host fibroblasts, endothelial, and inflammatory cells. Fibrin and its degradation products have proangiogenic activity with important roles in the generation of new blood vessels and connective tissue stroma. Over time, fibrin is degraded and replaced by vascular and subsequently by dense, relatively avascular collagenous connective tissue, the end-product referred to as desmoplasia in tumors and scar in healed wounds. Fibrin and the mature stroma that replaces it provide a diffusion barrier to chemotherapy and a structural barrier that inflammatory cells must cross to reach tumor cells. Plasma solutes of varying size cross the endothelial cells lining capillaries and venules of normal tissues and “mother” vessels of tumors and wounds by different anatomical pathways. VEGF-A levels fall back to normal as wounds heal but remain perpetually elevated in solid tumors. Thus, tumors may heal centrally but continually initiate new healing activity as they grow and invade surrounding normal tissues.
Next-Generation Sequencing and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Kumar Kishore R. , Cowley Mark J. , Davis Ryan L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGenetic sequencing technologies are evolving at a rapid pace with major implications for research and clinical practice. In this review, the authors provide an updated overview of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and emerging methodologies. NGS has tremendously improved sequencing output while being more time and cost-efficient in comparison to Sanger sequencing. The authors describe short-read sequencing approaches, such as sequencing by synthesis, ion semiconductor sequencing, and nanoball sequencing. Third-generation long-read sequencing now promises to overcome many of the limitations of short-read sequencing, such as the ability to reliably resolve repeat sequences and large genomic rearrangements. By combining complementary methods with massively parallel DNA sequencing, a greater insight into the biological context of disease mechanisms is now possible. Emerging methodologies, such as advances in nanopore technology, in situ nucleic acid sequencing, and microscopy-based sequencing, will continue the rapid evolution of this area. These new technologies hold many potential applications for hematological disorders, with the promise of precision and personalized medical care in the future.
Terpene ligands in the coordination chemistry: synthesis of metal complexes, stereochemistry, catalytic properties and biological activity
Authors: Zalevskaya Olga A. , Gur’eva Yana A. , Kutchin Aleksandr V. 
Published: May 2019

Published data on the synthesis and catalytic properties of metal complexes with chiral ligands containing a terpene moiety are integrated and systematized. The stereochemical features of transition metal complexes with terpene ligands are discussed. Structures of stable complexes of this type and the initial chiral ligands are presented. In view of the enormous structural diversity of the analyzed data, classification is based on the chemical functionality of terpene ligands. The results of application of terpene ligands in asymmetric transition metal catalysis are considered; the data are classified in terms of the type of chemical reaction. Data on the biological activity of some metal complexes with terpene ligands are presented.
The bibliography includes 228 references.
Weakly monotone sets and continuous selection in asymmetric spaces
Authors: Tsar’kov I. G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Sets admitting a continuous selection from the set of near best approximations are studied. Applications of the geometric theory of approximation to the existence of continuous selections for the sets of

-link piecewise linear functions,

-link piecewise polynomial functions and generalizations thereof are also discussed.
Bibliography: 23 titles.