bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islamic finance arbitration: enforceability under the New York Convention 1958 of arbitration awards made following a reference to the Shariah Advisory Council under the Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009
Authors: Abdul Rahman Abdullah 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article analyses the enforceability of arbitration awards, rendered following a reference to the Shariah Advisory Council of the Central Bank of Malaysia under sections 56 and 57 of the Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009, under the New York Convention 1958 which has been adopted in 159 countries. This article employs the theoretical legal research method and has compared sections 56 and 57 against the requirements of the Convention for enforceability of awards, in particular the fundamental attributes of an arbitration. The conclusion is that such awards would not be enforceable under the Convention as they infringe Article V(1)(d) of the Convention. This would cause such awards to lose the feature of global and convenient enforceability usually attached to arbitration awards. These consequences make it less attractive, where there is an arbitration clause in the Islamic financial transaction documentation, to choose the Malaysian law as the governing law whether with regard to the substantive merits or the arbitration proceedings. This article recommends that amendments be made to sections 56 and 57 to make the reference to the Shariah Advisory Council optional rather than mandatory and its ruling advisory instead of binding, in respect of arbitration only, so that the global enforceability of such arbitration awards under the Convention is not undermined.
Critical evaluation of web-based prediction tools for human protein subcellular localization
Authors: Shen Yinan , Ding Yijie , Tang Jijun , Zou Quan , Guo Fei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman protein subcellular localization has an important research value in biological processes, also in elucidating protein functions and identifying drug targets. Over the past decade, a number of protein subcellular localization prediction tools have been designed and made freely available online. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the progress of research on the subcellular localization of human proteins in recent years, including commonly used data sets proposed by the predecessors and the performance of all selected prediction tools against the same benchmark data set. We carry out a systematic evaluation of several publicly available subcellular localization prediction methods on various benchmark data sets. Among them, we find that mLASSO-Hum and pLoc-mHum provide a statistically significant improvement in performance, as measured by the value of accuracy, relative to the other methods. Meanwhile, we build a new data set using the latest version of Uniprot database and construct a new GO-based prediction method HumLoc-LBCI in this paper. Then, we test all selected prediction tools on the new data set. Finally, we discuss the possible development directions of human protein subcellular localization. Availability: The codes and data are available from http://www.lbci.cn/syn/.
A Key Role for Prefrontocortical Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Stress Adaptation and Rapid Antidepressant Response
Authors: Bambico Francis Rodriguez , Li Zhuoliang , Creed Meaghan , De Gregorio Danilo , Diwan Mustansir , Li Jessica , McNeill Sean , Gobbi Gabriella , Raymond Roger , Nobrega José N 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine elicits rapid antidepressant activity, but its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In a chronic stress model, a single low-dose administration of scopolamine reversed depressive-like reactivity. This antidepressant-like effect was mediated via a muscarinic M1 receptor–SKC pathway because it was mimicked by intra-medial prefrontal cortex (intra-mPFC) infusions of scopolamine, of the M1 antagonist pirenzepine or of the SKC antagonist apamin, but not by the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant fluoxetine. Extracellular and whole-cell recordings revealed that scopolamine and ketamine attenuate the SKC-mediated action potential hyperpolarization current and rapidly enhance mPFC neuronal excitability within the therapeutically relevant time window. The SKC agonist 1-EBIO abrogated scopolamine-induced antidepressant activity at a dose that completely suppressed burst firing activity. Scopolamine also induced a slow-onset activation of raphe serotonergic neurons, which in turn was dependent on mPFC-induced neuroplasticity or excitatory input, since mPFC transection abolished this effect. These early behavioral and mPFC activational effects of scopolamine did not appear to depend on prefrontocortical brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin-1A activity, classically linked to SSRIs, and suggest a novel mechanism associated with antidepressant response onset through SKC-mediated regulation of activity-dependent plasticity.
In Situ Imaging of Fluorescent Nipah Virus Respiratory and Neurological Tissue Tropism in the Syrian Hamster Model
Authors: Welch Stephen R , Scholte Florine E M , Harmon Jessica R , Coleman-McCray JoAnn D , Lo Michael K , Montgomery Joel M , Nichol Stuart T , Spiropoulou Christina F , Spengler Jessica R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Using a recombinant Nipah virus expressing a fluorescent protein (ZsG), we visualized virus tropism in the Syrian hamster model. We found that anatomical localization of fluorescence correlated to clinical signs; signal was primarily visualized in the respiratory tract in animals with acute-onset terminal disease, whereas central nervous system localization was seen in animals that succumbed with delayed disease onset. While polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection corresponded well to ZsG signal, virus was only isolated from some lung, brain, liver, and kidney samples that were ZsG and/or PCR positive, and only from animals euthanized on or before 15 days post infection.
Malignant triton tumor of the left thoracic cavity: a case report
Authors: Ishikawa Masashi , Chou Hiroyuki , Imamura Naoto , Shimazu Yumeta , Ono Kazuo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMalignant triton tumor (MTT) is a rare subtype of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Although the condition may manifest sporadically, it typically affects adult patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. In this article, an extremely rare case of MTT with chest wall origin, which expanded into the left thoracic cavity, is reported. A 64-year-old male was admitted to the institution with sudden shortness of breath. Radiological examination revealed a large mass with massive pleural effusion occupying the patient’s left hemithorax. A percutaneous needle biopsy was performed and the patient underwent subtotal tumor resection with left pleuropneumonectomy. Immunohistochemical study of postsurgical pathologic specimens confirmed the diagnosis of MTT. Despite extensive surgical removal, tumor recurrence was reported soon after resection, leading to patient’s death 20 days after surgery due to acute respiratory failure. Investigation of rare MTT cases is necessary for understanding this condition.
The Cost of Pre-Analytical Errors in INR Testing at a Tertiary-Care Hospital Laboratory: Potential for Significant Cost Savings
Authors: Kulkarni Sumedha , Piraino Dina , Strauss Rachel , Proctor Eva , Waldman Suzanne , King Jacqueline , Selby Rita 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Preanalytical errors account for most laboratory errors. Although the frequencies of preanalytical errors are well characterized in the literature, little is known regarding the costs of these errors to the laboratory.

Objective
To analyze costs associated with preanalytical errors associated with the international normalized ratio (INR) test.

Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of INR requests associated with preanalytical error codes from January 2009 through September 2013. Preanalytical error types were those related to order entry (no specimen collected) and those unrelated to order entry (insufficient specimen quantity or specimen-integrity concerns). We calculated the cost of analysis of a specimen and the cost of investigating errors.

Results
During the study period, there were 557,411 INR requests, 13.1% of which were associated with a preanalytical error code. The total annual cost of INR testing was USD $379,222.50. Investigation and reporting of preanalytical errors not related to order entry represented 10.5% of our annual INR testing budget (USD $39,939.00).

Conclusions
Minimizing preanalytical errors has the potential to result in significant cost savings.
Jet-driven bubbles in Fanaroff–Riley type-I sources
Authors: Irwin Christopher M , Tang Xiaping , Piran Tsvi , Nakar Ehud 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Observations of several Fanaroff–Riley (FR) type-I sources reveal outflowing bipolar bubbles of hot gas surrounded by a weak forward shock. We consider the possibility that these bubbles were driven by choked relativistic jets that failed to penetrate the ambient intracluster medium. Using new results on choked jets linking the geometry of the forward shock to the jet properties, we infer robust limits on the radius Rch at which the jet was quenched in five well-studied FR type-I sources, finding typically Rch ∼ 10 kpc. We further show that, in order to reach this radius in less than the current age of the system, the jet must have been tightly collimated, with the jet head subtending an angle of $\theta _{\rm h}\lesssim 2^{\circ }$. The ambient pressure is not high enough to explain this collimation, suggesting that the jet was collimated by interaction with its own cocoon. Although the choking radius is well-constrained, we find a degeneracy between the initial jet opening angle before collimation, θ0, and the duration of jet activity, tb, with $(t_{\rm b}/1\rm Myr)(\theta _0/5^{\circ })^{-2}\sim 0.1$. We speculate that the working time and/or opening angle of the jet may be important factors contributing to the FR type-I/type- II morphology in galaxy clusters, with short-lived or wide jets being choked to form bipolar bubbles filled with diffuse radio emission, and longer-lived or narrow jets successfully escaping the cluster core to produce cocoons with radio hotspots.
Drivers of disc tilting I: correlations and possible drivers for Milky Way analogues
Authors: Earp Samuel W F , Debattista Victor P , Macciò Andrea V , Wang Liang , Buck Tobias , Khachaturyants Tigran 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The direction of the spin vectors of disc galaxies change over time. We present the tilting rate of a sample of galaxies in the NIHAO suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. Galaxies in our sample have been selected to be isolated and to have well-determined spins. We compare the tilting rates to the predicted observing limit of Gaia, finding that our entire sample lies above the limit, in agreement with previous work. To test the role of dark matter and of gas, we compare the weighted Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the tilting rates and various properties. We find no correlation between the dark halo’s tilting rate, shape, or misalignment with respect to the disc, and the tilting rate of the stellar disc. Therefore, we argue that, in the presence of gas, the dark halo plays a negligible role in the tilting of the stellar disc. On the other hand, we find a strong correlation between the tilting rate of the stellar disc and the misalignment of the cold gas warp. Adding the stellar mass fraction improves the correlation, while none of the dark matter’s properties together with the cold gas misalignment improves the correlation to any significant extent. This implies that the gas cooling on to the disc is the principal driver of disc tilting.
SIRT6 transcriptionally regulates global protein synthesis through transcription factor Sp1 independent of its deacetylase activity
Authors: Ravi Venkatraman , Jain Aditi , Khan Danish , Ahamed Faiz , Mishra Sneha , Giri Malyasree , Inbaraj Meena , Krishna Swati , Sarikhani Mohsen , Maity Sangeeta , Kumar Shweta , Shah Riyaz Ahmad , Dave Pratik , Pandit Anwit S , Rajendran Rajprabu , Desingu Perumal A , Varshney Umesh , Das Saumitra , Kolthur-Seetharam Ullas , Rajakumari Sona , Singh Mahavir , Sundaresan Nagalingam R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlobal protein synthesis is emerging as an important player in the context of aging and age-related diseases. However, the intricate molecular networks that regulate protein synthesis are poorly understood. Here, we report that SIRT6, a nuclear-localized histone deacetylase represses global protein synthesis by transcriptionally regulating mTOR signalling via the transcription factor Sp1, independent of its deacetylase activity. Our results suggest that SIRT6 deficiency increases protein synthesis in mice. Further, multiple lines of in vitro evidence suggest that SIRT6 negatively regulates protein synthesis in a cell-autonomous fashion and independent of its catalytic activity. Mechanistically, SIRT6 binds to the zinc finger DNA binding domain of Sp1 and represses its activity. SIRT6 deficiency increased the occupancy of Sp1 at key mTOR signalling gene promoters resulting in enhanced expression of these genes and activation of the mTOR signalling pathway. Interestingly, inhibition of either mTOR or Sp1 abrogated the increased protein synthesis observed under SIRT6 deficient conditions. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR restored cardiac function in muscle-specific SIRT6 knockout mice, which spontaneously develop cardiac hypertrophy. Overall, these findings have unravelled a new layer of regulation of global protein synthesis by SIRT6, which can be potentially targeted to combat aging-associated diseases like cardiac hypertrophy.
Enhancement of LacI binding in vivo
Authors: Du Manyu , Kodner Seth , Bai Lu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) bind to specific sequences in DNA to regulate transcription. Despite extensive measurements of TFs’ dissociation constant (Kd) in vitro, their apparent Kdin vivo are usually unknown. LacI, a bacterial TF, is often used to artificially recruit proteins onto eukaryotic genomes. As LacI binds tightly to its recognition site (LacO) in vitro with a Kd about 10 picomolar (pM), it is often assumed that LacI also has high affinity to LacO in vivo. In this work, we measured LacI binding in living yeast cells using a fluorescent repressor operator system and found an apparent Kd of ∼0.6 μM, four orders of magnitude higher than that in vitro. By genetically altering (i) GFP-LacI structure, (ii) GFP-LacI stability, (iii) chromosome accessibility and (iv) LacO sequence, we reduced the apparent Kd to <10 nM. It turns out that the GFP tagging location and the fusion protein stability have a large effect on LacI binding, but surprisingly, chromosome accessibility only plays a mild role. These findings contribute to our quantitative understanding of the features that affect the apparent Kd of TF in cells. They also provide guidance for future design of more specific chromosomal recruitment through high-affinity TFs.
Synovial Sarcoma of the Nerve—Clinical and Pathological Features: Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Burks Stephen Shelby , Puffer Ross C , Cajigas Iahn , Valdivia David , Rosenberg Andrew E , Spinner Robert J , Levi Allan D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Synovial sarcoma of the nerve is a rare entity with several cases and case series reported in the literature. Despite an improved understanding of the biology, the clinical course is difficult to predict.

OBJECTIVE
To compile a series of patients with synovial sarcoma of the peripheral nerve (SSPN) and assess clinical and pathological factors and their contribution to survival and recurrence.

METHODS
Cases from 2 institutions collected in patients undergoing surgical intervention for SSPN. Systematic review including PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for related articles published from 1970 to December 2018. Eligibility criteria: (1) case reports or case series reporting on SSPN, (2) clinical course and/or pathological features of the tumor reported, and (3) articles published in English.

RESULTS
From patients treated at our institutions (13) the average follow-up period was 3.2 yr. Tumor recurrence was seen in 4 cases and death in 3. Systematic review of the literature yielded 44 additional cases with an average follow-up period of 3.6 yr. From pooled data, there were 10 recurrences and 7 deaths (20% and 14%, respectively). Adjuvant treatment used in 62.5% of cases. Immunohistochemical markers used in diagnosis varied widely; the most common are the following: Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin, vimentin, cluster of differentiation (CD34), and transducin-like enhancer of split 1 (TLE1). Statistical analysis illustrated tumor size and use of chemotherapy to be negative predictors of survival. No other factors, clinically or from pathologist review, were correlated with recurrence or survival.

CONCLUSION
By combining cases from our institution with historical data and performing statistical analysis we show correlation between tumor size and death.
Information advantages of training employers despite credible training certificates
Authors: Mohrenweiser Jens , Wydra-Somaggio Gabriele , Zwick Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEmployers sponsor general training if they can get an information advantage about the skills of trainees. This advantage might vanish if credible external institutions grade successful training completion. We argue that despite a certificate, training firms can retain an information advantage and can positively select training completers because the training certificate does not capture all relevant skill dimensions. Training firms can get an information advantage on the non-certified skills such as soft skills. We show that the information advantage about non-certified skills can explain why training firms pay higher wages for training completers than outside firms and why employers are able to keep a positive selection of training participants.
Can Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise Scores Predict Medical Residency Performance? Validity Evidence Across Five Longitudinal Cohorts
Authors: Bajwa Nadia M. , Nendaz Mathieu R. , Galetto-Lacour Annick , Posfay-Barbe Klara , Yudkowsky Rachel , Park Yoon Soo 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The residency admissions process is a high-stakes assessment system with the purpose of identifying applicants who best meet standards of the residency program and the medical specialty. Prior studies have found that professionalism issues contribute significantly to residents in difficulty during training. This study examines the reliability (internal structure) and predictive (relations to other variables) validity evidence for a standardized patient (SP)-based Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) using longitudinal data from pediatrics candidates from admission to the end of the first year of postgraduate training.

Method
Data from 5 cohorts from 2012 to 2016 (195 invited applicants) were analyzed from the University of Geneva (Switzerland) Pediatrics Residency Program. Generalizability theory was used to examine the reliability and variance components of the P-MEX scores, gathered across 3 cases. Correlations and mixed-effects regression analyses were used to examine the predictive utility of SP-based P-MEX scores (gathered as part of the admissions process) with rotation evaluation scores (obtained during the first year of residency).

Results
Generalizability was moderate (G coefficient = 0.52). Regression analyses predicting P-MEX scores to first-year rotation evaluations indicated significant standardized effect sizes for attitude and personality (β = 0.36, P = .02), global evaluation (β = 0.27, P = .048), and total evaluation scores (β = 0.34, P = .04).

Conclusions
Validity evidence supports the use of P-MEX scores as part of the admissions process to assess professionalism. P-MEX scores provide a snapshot of an applicant’s level of professionalism and may predict performance during the first year of residency.
The Patient Experience Debrief Interview: How Conversations With Hospitalized Families Influence Medical Student Learning and Reflection
Authors: Chua Ian S. , Bogetz Alyssa L. , Bhansali Priti , Long Michele , Holbreich Rachael , Kind Terry , Ottolini Mary , Park Yoon Soo , Lineberry Matthew , Hirshfield Laura E. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
To determine the effect of patient debrief interviews on pediatric clerkship student depth of reflection and learning.

Method
The authors conducted a multi-institutional, mixed-methods, cluster randomized trial among pediatric clerkship students from May 2016 to February 2017. Intervention students completed a debrief interview with a patient–caregiver, followed by a written reflection on the experience. Control students completed a written reflection on a memorable patient encounter. Three blinded authors scored written reflections according to the 4-level REFLECT rubric to determine depth of reflection. Interrater reliability was examined using kappa. REFLECT scores were analyzed using a chi-square test; essays were analyzed using content analysis.

Results
Eighty percent of eligible students participated. One hundred eighty-nine essays (89 control, 100 intervention) were scored. Thirty-seven percent of the control group attained reflection and critical reflection, the 2 highest levels of reflection, compared with 71% of the intervention group; 2% of the control group attained critical reflection, the highest level, compared with 31% of the intervention group (χ2
(3, N = 189) = 33.9, P < .001). Seven themes were seen across both groups, 3 focused on physician practice and 4 focused on patients. Patient-centered themes were more common in the intervention group, whereas physician-focused themes were more common in the control group.

Conclusions
Patient debrief interviews offer a unique approach to deepen self-reflection through direct dialogue and exploration of patient–caregiver experiences during hospitalization.