bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological Study on the Protective Role of Intranasally Applied Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Demyelinated Corpus Callosum in A Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rahman Ahmed Mekawy Mohamed Abd El , Shaker Mohammed Safaa Mohammed , Hamam Ghada Galal , Mohamed Nesma Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease that leads to non-traumatic disability. Intranasal administration of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) is a non-invasive method that has recently received interests for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Aim
to evaluate the possible protective effect of intranasally applied ADSCs on the structure of corpus callosum in adult mice in acute cuprizone-induced demyelination.

Materials and Methods
Thirty adult female mice were equally divided into three groups. Group I (control group); Group II (cuprizone group): in which mice were fed with 0.2% cuprizone daily for six weeks, and Group III (ADSCs treated group) in which mice were fed cuprizone as in group II, then they were given a single intranasally applied dose of ADSCs (1X106) on week four. All mice were sacrificed after six weeks and the corpus callosum was collected. Specimens were processed to hematoxylin and eosin, Luxol fast blue, Immunofluorescent techniques for detection of homing of ADSCs, histo-morphometric studies, and statistical analysis were also done.

Results
intranasally applied ADSCs effectively reached the corpus callosum. Light microscopic examination of the corpus callosum revealed unpacked disorganized fragmented, widely separated demyelinated nerve fibers with wide areas of vacuolation. Administration of ADSCs promoted myelin recovery.

Conclusions
Intranasal route was an effective route for delivery of ADSCs to the corpus callosum. ADSCs were effective in ameliorating structural changes in the corpus callosum in cuprizone model of MS. ADSCs promoted remyelination.
Study of Inorganic Iodine Level in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Baschari Ali Walid Ahmed , Abdelwahab Sanad Khaled Gouda , Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed Ezzat 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Elevation in serum inorganic iodine levels due to decreased urinary iodine excretion can result in thyroid enlargement, possibly contributing to nodular goiter and hypothyroidism in Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) patients. The mechanisms underlying thyroid dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) remain unclear. Uremic toxins may interfere with thyroid hormone uptake and receptor binding, suggesting acquired thyroid hormone resistance in uremia

Aim of the Work
The main objective of this study is to determine the serum level of inorganic Iodine in End Stage Renal Disease Patients (ESRD). Also, as a main objective, is to correlate the findings with thyroid function tests.

Patients and Methods
This case-control study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals, encompassing 100 ESRD patients on HD and 50 controls. Hypothyroidism prevalence was examined, with 9% among HD patients and 1% in the control group.

Results
Serum inorganic iodine levels were significantly higher in HD patients than controls (p &lt; 0.001). Free T3 was lower, and TSH was higher in HD patients (p &lt; 0.05). The incidence of thyroid nodules was markedly elevated in HD patients (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Elevated inorganic iodine levels in most HD patients are associated with abnormal thyroid function tests and an increased frequency of thyroid nodules. Regular monitoring of iodine levels in HD patients, especially in the presence of thyroid gland clinical or chemical abnormalities, is recommended to prevent long-term complications.
Role of Asprosin as a Biomarker of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Allam Ehab Hassan Nashaat , Radwan Hesham Hamdy , Alashram Mohamed Nabil Badawy , Alhoriegy Ahmed Soliman Almorsy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects 20 to 45 percent of people worldwide, is the liver pandemic of the twenty-first century. As a result of the growing obesity epidemic, NAFLD is now a chronic liver condition that has a global distribution. NAFLD affects between 15 to 40 percent of the general population and 90 percent of obese people.

Aim of the Work
The aim of our study is to measure serum level of asprosin in patients with Non- alcoholic Fatty Liver disease (NAFLD) to detect its relation to the incidence and severity of non- alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

Patients and Methods
The current case-control study was conducted at Damietta Gastroenterology & Cardiology Center aiming to evaluate serum asprosin levels in NAFLD patients compared to healthy controls, and to elucidate its relation to disease severity. We included a total of 90 subjects who were divided into two groups; Cases group included 45 patients with NAFLD, and Control group included 45 healthy matched controls. All participants were subjected to history taking, clinical examination (including anthropometric body measurements like BMI, waist and hip circumference), pelviabdominal ultrasound (for assessment of liver and spleen size), and laboratory investigations (including CBC, liver and renal function tests; lipid profile, blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin). Additionally, serum asprosin was measured in both groups.

Results
The study found that BMI, waist and hip circumference, WH ratio, prevalence of diabetes, liver size, fasting and postprandial glucose, HbA1C, serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, LDL and HDL levels, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, FIB-4 score, and asprosin levels were significantly higher in the NAFLD group compared to controls. Platelet count, total leucocytic count, serum bilirubin, albumin, and INR were not significantly different between the two groups. Serum asprosin levels showed a sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% and 51.1%, respectively, in identifying patients with NAFLD.

Conclusion
Based on our study findings, serum asprosin could be used a surrogate marker for the diagnosis of NAFLD with high sensitivity and moderate specificity. However, its level has no significant correlation with the degree of liver fibrosis in such cases.
The Value of Protein Carbonyl as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Aref Hayam Mohamed , Hussein Hussein Sayed , AbdelMobdy Ashraf Hassan , AbdElmonem Amany Gamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) experience oxidative/carbonyl stress. oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression; during renal replacement therapy, oxidative stress-derived oxidative damage also contributes to the development of CKD systemic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation, anemia, and impaired host defense.

Aim of the Study
The current study aimed to measure serum level of protein carbonyl as a marker of oxidative damage in prevalent hemodialysis patients and study its relation to nutritional status.

Patients and Methods
The study included 60 patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis and 30 apparently healthy people as a control group. Patients were subjected to clinical assessment, laboratory assessment of Hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, albumin, iron, transferrin, ferritin, Ca, Po4, CRP and parathyroid hormone. Serum protein carbonyls was measured using ELISA. Nutritional status was assessed with the subjective global assessment

Results
Serum assessment of Protein Carbonyl and CRP revealed significantly higher levels in ESRD group (mean 239.8±107.7 and 16.8±14.3 respectively) compared to controls (mean 72.2±16.7: 1±2.3 respectively) (P value &lt; 0.001, P value &lt; 0.001 respectively). Concerning nutritional status, significant worse nutritional status was detected among ESRD group compared to control group (P value &lt; 0.001). There was no significant correlation between protein carbonyl and nutritional status (P value = 0.526).

Conclusion
Protein Carbonyl revealed significantly higher levels in ESRD group compared to controls, reflecting that ESRD patients exposed to severe oxidative stress.
The Effect of Oral Sodium Bicarbonate on the Improvement of Interdialytic Acidosis and Hyperkalemia
Authors: Soliman Ammar Yasser , Hamid El Shennawy Howaida Abd El , Wahab Saeed Saeed Abd El , Deeb Manal El , Mansour Amr Mohammad , Abd El Wahab Khaled Gouda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Uraemic toxins closely fitting the saw-toothed profile including electrolytes, such as potassium, which is statistically associated with peri-dialytic morbidity and mortality. Acidosis follows a similar inverse pattern, with the bicarbonate levels gradually falling during the inter-dialytic period, before rapid supplementation during dialysis. Observational studies of clinical outcome support the view that acidosis is harmful, showing that, after adjustment for comorbidity, pre-dialysis bicarbonate levels below 22 mmol/L are associated with excess mortality.

Aim of the Work
to understand the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation on patients on regular hemodialysis on improvement of inter-dialytic acidosis, and hyperkalemia

Patients and Methods
This was a one arm interventional study that was conducted on a group of 50 ESRD patients on regular hemodialysis 3 times/ week for at least 3 months.

Results
In the current study, mean ± SD of age (years) was 41.8 ± 10.5. Males and females were 58.0% and 42.0% respectively. In this study, systolic blood pressure (mmHg) before, and after sodium bicarbonate supplementation as well as its change was 123.8 ± 11.4, 125.6 ± 14.3 and 1.8 ± 9.4 respectively. The change was statistically non-significant. Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) before, and after sodium bicarbonate supplementation as well as its change was 76.0 ± 7.6, 77.0 ± 8.1 and 1.0 ± 9.5 respectively. The change was statistically non- significant. This study showed that, Na (mmol/L) before, and after sodium bicarbonate supplementation as well as its change was 137.3 ± 4.6, 137.6 ± 4.6 and 0.3 ± 1.6 respectively. The change was statistically non-significant.

Conclusion
Oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation is effective in correcting metabolic acidosis, and does not cause increased interdialytic body weight gain, different plasma sodium concentrations and different systolic-diastolic blood pressure levels.
Risk Factors and Outcomes of Management in Fistulizing Crohn's Disease
Authors: Awad Emad Ahmad , Saleh Shereen Abou Bakr , ElFors Mostafa Attya , Yehia Abd El-Khalek Amr Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Crohn's disease (CD) patients often encounter perianal fistula formation, which can cause significant morbidity. Chronic transmural bowel inflammation in CD can lead to sinus tracts evolving into fistulas—abnormal connections between epithelial surfaces. Roughly 35-40% of patients develop fistulas, primarily perianal (54%), with internal fistulas posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Fistulizing CD manifests severe symptoms, affecting quality of life and necessitating frequent hospitalizations and surgeries.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the work was to develop risk prediction and identify outcomes of management in fistulizing Crohn's disease.

Patients and Methods
This case-control study encompassed 90 Egyptian CD patients, divided into two groups: those with fistulas (external or internal) and those without. Patients were recruited from the Ain Shams outpatient clinic and Gastroenterology and Hepatology department. Clinical, radiological (CT or MR enterography), and colonoscopic assessments were performed. Risk factors, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes were examined.

Results
In the study, males were more prevalent in the fistula group; however, the difference wasn't statistically significant. Similarly, age and smoking differences were not statistically significant between the study groups. Entero-Entero fistulas were the most common, with Remicade and surgery being the predominant management strategy. NSAID intake significantly correlated with the fistula group. CDAI scores were higher in the fistula group but improved significantly with treatment in both groups. While colonoscopy findings varied minimally before and after treatment, cecum lesions showed significant increase post-treatment in the fistula group. No significant differences existed in outcomes according to management strategy within the fistula group.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study underscores the heightened risk of NSAID intake in fistulizing Crohn's disease, emphasizes the effectiveness of CDAI scores in assessing disease activity and monitoring treatment outcomes, and highlights the importance of personalized management strategies for fistula patients. The significant increase in cecum lesions after treatment within the fistula group suggests the need for focused attention to this aspect. However, the study's limited scope on Egyptian CD patients calls for careful consideration when applying these findings to broader populations.
Effect of Hemodiafiltration on Obestatin Hormone Level as a Marker of Malnutrition in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Abdel Mohsen Waleed Anwar , Youssef Asmaa Moneer , Hassan Mohamed Saeed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aim
Obestatin, is a ghrelin-associated peptide have anorexigenic effect, known as appetite regulatory hormone, we postulated a potential correlation between obestatin level and malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Measurement of obestatin concentration in HD patients would help assess the potential contribution of this hormone to uremic protein energy wasting. The purpose of this study was to assay effect of hemodiafiltration (HDF) on serum level of obestatin in HD patients.

Patients and Methods
We Conducted a cross sectional analytical study of the patients with ESRD undergoing HD recruited from the Department of Nephrology, Ain Shams University hospitals. Serum level of obestatin pre and post sessions was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 40 prevalent hemodialysis patients: 20 on high flux HD & 20 on online HDF. 20 healthy individuals served as controls. Full history in details was taken & full clinical examination was done with the calculation of Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS). Routine labs were done as well.

Results
Anthropometric measurements were significantly lower in HD & HDF groups compared with control group, Obestatin level was significantly higher in HD & HDF groups in comparison to control group. (P value &lt; 0.000), with higher obestatin reduction ratio post sessions in HDF group than HD group. (P value &lt; 0.001). Plasma obestatin concentration were negatively correlated with BMI & S. iron (P value &lt; 0.05), while positively correlated with creatinine, urea, uric acid and CRP (P value &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
The current observational data suggests obestatin hormone was elevated in prevalent HD patients than control group & this hormone might be implicated in renal functions and markers of inflammation.
Evaluation of Dialysis Catheter Related Infections and its Relation to Patient Outcome
Authors: Hussein Ibrahim Bassant Mohamed , Abdelmohsen Waleed Anwar Mohamed , Kamel Cherry Reda , Abdelmegied Shimaa Zaki , Abdelrahman Nahla Hussein 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hemodialysis (HD) is an important life-saving procedure in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy. Well- functioning vascular access (VA) is a mainstay for performing an efficient HD procedure.

Aim of the Work
to asses bacterial spectrum of dialysis catheter related infection and its relation to patient outcome (either recovery or developing complications as septicemia, endocarditis, septic emboli, death).

Patients and Methods
This was prospective study, was conducted at Ain Shams university hemodialysis (HD) units, included 57 adult hemodialysis patients with catheter related infection selected from our HD unit. The inclusion criteria include Patient’s age 18-70 years and Patients on hemodialysis through double way venous catheter. Patients with sepsis evident by other causes that will be excluded by proper data from history, examination and individualized patient investigation according to symptoms.

Results
there was significant statistical difference as regard outcome (IEC, septic emboli) compared to surviving patients P-value 0.001 and IEC as a predictor of death with p-value=0.001 and Ods-ratio (Lower limit-Upper limit) = 100.00 (7.371 – 1356.594). Period of recovery was positively correlated in patient with temporary catheter with K, PO4, CRP. time to recovery was positively correlated with CRP on admission, k, total protein and R/P value was (0.828/ 0.042) (0.840 /0.036) (0.840/0.036) respectively.

Conclusion
Catheter related infection most common organism is Staph while complications including IEC and MDR organisms are associated with delayed recovery moreover IEC had higher mortality risk.
Study of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin for Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury in Post Hepatitis C Decompensated Cirrhotics
Authors: Gad-Allah Abdel-Naser Abdel-Atty , Dala Ashraf Ghareib , Adly Eman , Toulan Safwa O 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The biomarker neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a protein involved in complex biological activities such as bacteriostatic effects, cell proliferation and differentiation, and cellular apoptosis. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may result in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Aim and Objectives
to investigate the accuracy of serum level of Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker for early detection of Acute Kidney Injury and predict survival in patient with post hepatitis C decompensated cirrhotics.

Patients and Methods
A total of 90 subjects with chronic hepatitis C virus infection from outpatient clinics and the inpatient department of Internal Medicine department, Menoufia University hospital, was enrolled into this study.

Results
there was significant difference between both groups regarding baseline biochemical data and Baseline complete blood picture and NGAL. There was positive correlation between NGAL and each of MELD score, serum creatinine, TB, DB, ALT, AST, ALP while there was negative correlation with platelets.

Conclusion
There is no single ideal biomarker that had not been identified as the only diagnostic biomarker for AKI. However, NGAL accomplishes high sensitivity which is highly needed in life threatening conditions with high morbidity and mortality.
Diagnostic Value of Glypican 3 as a Marker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Eldin Kamel Ragheb Fatma Elzahraa Emad , Ahmed Ossama Ashraf , Dawod Ayman Gamil Anwar , Talkhan Mohamed Gamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third cause of cancer-related mortality world-wide. Early detection improves survival, and several HCC biomarkers have been studied for this purpose. However, aside from alpha- fetoprotein (AFP), none have entered broad clinical use globally.

Aim of the Work
to assess the diagnostic value of Glypican 3 as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian cirrhotic patient.

Patients and Methods
This study is a comparative case control study. The period of the study is a 6th months. Post viral cirrhotic Egyptian patients treated in Ain Shams University hospitals. The study will be conducted on 60 Egyptian Cirrhotic patients with HBV OR HCV infection with or without HCC treated in Ain Shams University Hospitals

Results
In our study, The AFP level was significantly higher in high group [1700 (1122 – 5200)] than low group [700 (100 – 855)] and also significantly higher in both low and high groups than control group [2.6 (1.7 – 3.6)] and cirrhotic group [3.4 (1.5 – 5.8)] with p-value &lt;0.001 and with no difference between cirrhotic and control. Regarding serum Glypican 3 which is the new marker addressed in this study, show that The GP3 level was significantly higher in low group [6.4 (5.6 – 7.53)] and high group [6.21 (5.16 – 7.98)] than control group [1.38 (1.22 – 1.54)] and cirrhotic group [1.65 (1.22 – 6.18)] with p-value &lt;0.001 and with no difference between cirrhotic and control. In our study, there was statistically significant positive correlation found between GP3 level, total and direct bilirubin with (p value 0.004, 0.001) which is agreed with many studies as A 2,416 patient HCC cohort was studied and dichotomized into normal and abnormal plasma bilirubin groups. Their HCC characteristics were compared for tumor aggressiveness features, namely blood AFP levels, tumor size, presence of PVT and tumor multifocality.

Conclusion
Serum Glypican 3 level was significantly higher in patients with HCC regardless of other characteristics as presence of combined conditions as DM and HTN or Viral markers and mildly elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis compared to HCC group. Using of Glypican 3 will improve the diagnostic field and can help in early detection of HCC in surveillance programs Together with AFP. Glypican 3 can be used as prognostic factor and predictor of mortality from oesphogeal bleeding in patients with HCC
Association between Proton Pump Inhibitors Use and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhotic Patients with Ascitis
Authors: Eldin Hassan Hassan Hossam , Nashaat Ehab Hassan , Mansour Khalid Amr , Mahmoud Abdelnaby Kareem Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The most common infection of cirrhosis is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Prompt identification and diagnosis is important to decrease the resulting morbidity and mortality. A main SBP implementation process for bacterial translocation was identified.

Aim of the Work
To assess whether the use of PPIs in cirrhotic patients with ascites is associated with an increased risk for SBP.

Patients and Methods
This experiment was performed for cirrhosis and scientifically diagnosed ascites (100) in patients older than 18 years of both sexes. Cirrhotic patients with ascites and proton pump experience use more than standard dose/day (50 people) during the last 15 days. Cirrhotic patients with ascites without history of proton pump inhibitors use (50 patients).

Results
Comparison of age and gender has shown statistically insignificant differences between the two groups. The disparity between the two classes was statistically insignificant: hemoglobin, platelet, ALT, AST, serum albumin, AFP, SAAG ratio in ascetic blood, HCV antibody. PPI group showed statistically significant increase of white blood cells in blood and in ascitic fluid as compared to second group.

Conclusion
There is a risk in cirrhotic patients who have ascites and using Proton pump inhibitors to develop spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.