bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancient geologic events on Mars revealed by zircons and apatites from the Martian regolith breccia NWA 7034
Authors: Hu Sen , Lin Yangting , Zhang Jianchao , Hao Jialong , Xing Weifan , Zhang Ting , Yang Wei , Changela Hitesh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZircons and apatites in clasts and matrix from the Martian breccia NWA 7034 are well documented, timing ancient geologic events on Mars. Furthermore, in this study, zircon trace elemental content, apatite volatile content, and apatite volatile isotopic compositions measured in situ could constrain the evolution of those geologic events. The U‐Pb dates of zircons in basalt, basaltic andesite, trachyandesite igneous clasts, and the matrix are similar (4.4 Ga) suggesting intense volcanism on ancient Mars. However, two metamict zircon grains found in the matrix have an upper intercept date of ~4465 Ma in crystalline, whereas amorphous areas have a lower intercept date of 1634 ± 93 Ma. The younger date is consistent with the date of apatites (1530 ± 65 Ma), suggesting a metamorphic event that completely reset the U‐Pb system in both the amorphous areas of zircon and all apatites. δD values in all apatites negatively correlate with water content in a two‐endmember mixing trend. The D (δD up to 2459‰) and 37Cl heavy core (3.8‰) of a large apatite grain suggest a D‐, 37Cl‐rich fluid during the metamorphic event ~1.6 Ga ago, consistent with the trace elements Y, Hf and Ti and P in zircons. The fluid was also therefore P‐rich. The D‐, 37Cl‐poor H2O‐rich rim (<313‰) suggests the degassing of water from the Martian Cl‐poor interior at a later time. This D‐, 37Cl‐poor Martian mantle reservoir could have derived from volcanic intrusions postdating the younger metamorphic event recorded in NWA 7034.
Attitude towards deceased donation in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Sinh Trần N , Mackie Fiona E , Ninh Lê H , Thúy Hoàng T D 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTDescribe the current state of deceased kidney donation in Southern Vietnam and to explore the knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards kidney donation after death. Factors associated with the decision to donate among selective populations in HoChi Minh city were explored. Self‐administered questionnaire of 30 questions to people over 18 years in three different communities were studied, n = 1068; 77% and 63.8% agreed they would donate their own kidney and that of their relatives respectively after death. Factors associated with positive donation wishes were knowledge of the national shortage of organs and brain death as well as positive previous family conversations. Main reason for refusal was lack of agreement within families about donation. The desire for equitable distribution of organs was frequently expressed. The majority of people interviewed in this large study agreed with deceased organ donation. Despite this, few deceased donor kidney transplants are performed in adults and none in children in Southern Vietnam, therefore greater efforts in the donation process and coordination of deceased donor lists is required. Given the correlation between positive donation wishes and knowledge with desire to donate, widespread public education campaigns are critical to the promotion and development of a successful deceased organ donation programme in Southern Vietnam.
Differences in RUNX2 and P2RX7 gene expression between mono‐ and coculture of human periodontal ligament cells and human osteoblasts under compressive force application
Authors: Shi Jianwei , Folwaczny Matthias , Wichelhaus Andrea , Baumert Uwe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesObjectives were (a) to establish an in vitro coculture model of human PDL‐derived fibroblasts (HPDFs) and human alveolar bone‐derived osteoblasts (HABOs), and (b) to measure RUNX2 and P2RX7 gene expression at multiple time points after compressive force (CF) stimulation for different durations.Setting/Sample populationHuman PDL‐derived fibroblasts and HABOs from two individuals isolated from extracted teeth of healthy donors due to orthodontic reasons at LMU's Dental School were used.Materials and methodsMono‐ and cocultured cells were subjected to CF by centrifugation (47.4 g/cm2) for 1, 2 and 4 hours at 30°C. Total RNA was isolated before and 2, 4, 8, 16 minutes after CF application. Expression of RUNX2 and P2RX7 was determined using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIn monocultured cells, an upregulation of RUNX2 and P2RX7 expression was found after all CF durations: RUNX2 twofold in HPDFs after 4 hours (P = 0.002) and 1.7‐fold in HABOs after 1 hour (P = 0.009) or 2 hours (P = 0.002) of CF. P2RX7 was significantly upregulated following 1 hour (P = 0.004) and 2 hours (P = 0.002) of CF application in HPDFS. In HABOs, a transient regulation was observed. In cocultured cells, a significant alleviation in gene expression was found for both loci after CF application. In both cell types, RUNX2 expression was significantly reduced in cocultured cells compared to cells in monoculture. P2RX7 expression showed significant attenuation in HPDFs only.ConclusionsCocultivation attenuated the CF induced increase of RUNX2 and P2RX7 gene expression in comparison to monoculture in both cell types. This suggests that intercellular communication may exist between HPDFs and HABOs.
Deep supercooling enabled by surface impregnation with lipophilic substances explains the survival of overwintering buds at extreme freezing
Authors: Neuner Gilbert , Kreische Benjamin , Kaplenig Dominik , Monitzer Kristina , Miller Ramona 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe frost survival mechanism of vegetative buds of angiosperms was suggested to be extracellular freezing causing dehydration, elevated osmotic potential to prevent freezing. However, extreme dehydration would be needed to avoid freezing at the temperatures down to −45°C encountered by many trees. Buds of Alnus alnobetula, in common with other frost hardy angiosperms, excrete a lipophilic substance, whose functional role remains unclear. Freezing of buds was studied by infrared thermography, psychrometry, and cryomicroscopy. Buds of A. alnobetula did not survive by extracellular ice tolerance but by deep supercooling, down to −45°C. An internal ice barrier prevented ice penetration from the frozen stem into the bud. Cryomicroscopy revealed a new freezing mechanism. Until now, supercooled buds lost water towards ice masses that form in the subtending stem and/or bud scales. In A. alnobetula, ice forms harmlessly inside the bud between the supercooled leaves. This would immediately trigger intracellular freezing and kill the supercooled bud in other species. In A. alnobetula, lipophilic substances (triterpenoids and flavonoid aglycones) impregnate the surface of bud leaves. These prevent extrinsic ice nucleation so allowing supercooling. This suggests a means to protect forestry and agricultural crops from extrinsic ice nucleation allowing transient supercooling during night frosts.
A review of hippocampal activation in post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Joshi Sonalee A. , Duval Elizabeth R. , Kubat Bradley , Liberzon Israel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often characterized by deficits in memory encoding and retrieval and aberrant fear and extinction learning. The hippocampus plays a critical role in memory and contextual processing and has been implicated in intrinsic functional connectivity networks involved in self‐referential thought and memory‐related processes. This review focuses on hippocampal activation findings during memory and fear and extinction learning tasks, as well as resting state hippocampal connectivity in individuals with PTSD. A preponderance of functional neuroimaging studies to date, using memory, fear learning, and extinction tasks, report decreased or “controls comparable” hippocampal activation in individuals with PTSD, which is usually associated with poorer performance on the task imaged. Existing evidence thus raises the possibility that greater hippocampal recruitment in PTSD participants may be required for similar performance levels. Studies of resting state functional connectivity in PTSD predominantly report reduced within‐network connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), as well as greater coupling between the DMN and salience network (SN) via the hippocampus. Together, these findings suggest that deficient hippocampal activation in PTSD may be associated with poorer performance during memory, extinction recall, and fear renewal tasks. Furthermore, studies of resting state connectivity implicate the hippocampus in decreased within‐network DMN connectivity and greater coupling with SN regions characteristic of PTSD.
Composition and origin of stromatactis‐bearing mud‐mounds (Upper Devonian, Frasnian), southern Rocky Mountains, western Canada
Authors: Zhou Kai , Pratt Brian R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStromatactis‐bearing mud‐mounds remain an enigmatic reef type despite being common in Palaeozoic ramp settings. Two well preserved Upper Devonian (Frasnian) mud‐mounds in the Mount Hawk Formation crop out side by side in the southern Rocky Mountains of west‐central Alberta and provide an opportunity to develop a new case study that can be compared with the other coeval examples, such as those well‐known ones in southern Belgium, as well as evaluate competing hypotheses for mud‐mound formation. The southern mud‐mound is 46·2 m thick and 38·6 m wide at the base, whilst the northern one is 53·3 m thick and 72·2 m wide at the base, and they exhibit three or four growth stages indicated by interfingering and onlapping geometries with flanking strata. The biota is diverse, but fossils only occupy 10·7% by volume, among which sponge spicules, echinoderms, ostracods, brachiopods and calcimicrobes belonging to Girvanella and Rothpletzella are the most common. Five microfacies are discriminated in the mud‐mounds: biomicrite, clotted micrite, spiculite, stromatolite and laminite, with clotted micrite comprising the largest proportion. There is no internal vertical or lateral palaeoecological zonation, and the presence of calcimicrobes and calcareous algae throughout indicates accretion entirely within the photic zone, in a deeper ramp setting seaward of a large carbonate platform to the east. Stromatactis is abundant and the cavities were mostly due to excavation by currents rather than physical collapse of spiculate siliceous sponges. Formation of lime mud involved a combination of multiple organisms, mechanisms and processes. Cyanobacteria were integral to mud‐mound frame‐building and accretion because they stabilized the surface, often permineralized to form Girvanella and provided organic matter that was decomposed by bacteria. This induced precipitation of micrite, forming early indurated rigid masses, evidenced by the presence of intraclasts, stromatactis cavities, isopachous marine cements, absence of bioturbation and rare synsedimentary brittle deformation. The same microbial components, invertebrate biota and clotted micrite occur in underlying strata, suggesting that there was a protracted period of potential mud‐mound initiation before the exact conditions arose to trigger it. The ramp setting, antecedent sea floor topography and relative sea‐level likely contributed together to control this. This study indicates that mud‐mound formation was controlled by a combination of processes, but they are essentially a microbial buildup.
Multiomics analysis reveals a distinct mechanism of oleaginousness in the emerging model alga Chromochloris zofingiensis
Authors: Liu Jin , Sun Zheng , Mao Xuemei , Gerken Henri , Wang Xiaofei , Yang Wenqiang 
Published: March 2019

SummaryChromochloris zofingiensis, featured due to its capability to simultaneously synthesize triacylglycerol (TAG) and astaxanthin, is emerging as a leading candidate alga for production uses. To better understand the oleaginous mechanism of this alga, we conducted a multiomics analysis by systematically integrating time‐resolved transcriptomes, lipidomes and metabolomes in response to nitrogen deprivation. The data analysis unraveled the distinct mechanism of TAG accumulation, which involved coordinated stimulation of multiple biological processes including supply of energy and reductants, carbon reallocation from protein and starch, and ‘pushing’ and ‘pulling’ carbon to TAG synthesis. Unlike the model alga Chlamydomonas, de novo fatty acid synthesis in C. zofingiensis was promoted, together with enhanced turnover of both glycolipids and phospholipids, supporting the drastic need of acyls for TAG assembly. Moreover, genomewide analysis identified many key functional enzymes and transcription factors that had engineering potential for TAG modulation. Two genes encoding glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), the first committed enzyme for TAG assembly, were found in the C. zofingiensis genome; in vivo functional characterization revealed that extrachloroplastic GPAT instead of chloroplastic GPAT played a central role in TAG synthesis. These findings illuminate distinct oleaginousness mechanisms in C. zofingiensis and pave the way towards rational manipulation of this alga to becone an emerging model for trait improvements.
The nonconservative CD177 single‐nucleotide polymorphism c.1291G>A is a genetic determinant for human neutrophil antigen‐2 atypical/low expression and deficiency
Authors: Wu Jianming , Li Yunfang , Schuller Randy M. , Li Ling , Litmeyer Anne‐Sophie , Bein Gregor , Sachs Ulrich J , Bayat Behnaz 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDHuman neutrophil antigen‐2 (HNA‐2) is exclusively expressed on neutrophils. HNA‐2–deficient individuals (HNA‐2 null) are susceptible to produce isoantibodies. The nonsense CD177 coding single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) c.787A>T has been demonstrated as the primary genetic mechanism for HNA‐2 deficiency. We hypothesized that the other genetic variants also contribute to HNA‐2 expression variation and deficiency.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe deficiency, density, and percentage of HNA‐2 antigen on neutrophils from 292 healthy blood donors were determined in flow cytometry. CD177 genotypes were determined by genomic DNA sequence analyses. The full‐length CD177 cDNAs were amplified and sequenced. Additionally, the whole CD177 genomic sequence in eight HNA‐2–null immunized women and four HNA‐2–positive donors were analyzed with next‐generation sequencing. The associations of CD177 SNP genotypes with HNA‐2 expression variation were statistically analyzed.RESULTSA functional CD177 SNP c.1291G>A was identified in the current study. Atypical (trimodal) HNA‐2 expression phenotype was consistently observed in donors carrying the heterozygous c.1291G/A genotype. Phenotype‐genotype analyses of SNP c.787A>T and SNP c.1291G>A revealed that all homozygous 787T‐1291G (TG/TG) genotype donors were HNA‐2 null in healthy blood donors. On the other hand, five of eight HNA‐2–immunized females were homozygous for the 787T‐1291G (TG/TG) genotype while the other three HNA‐2–immunized females had the 787T‐1291G/787A‐1291A (TG/AA) genotype and the lowest HNA‐2 expression was observed in healthy subjects with the 787T‐1291G/787A‐1291A (TG/AA) and 787A‐1291A/787A‐1291A (AA/AA) genotype.CONCLUSIONThe CD177 SNP c.1291G>A is a genetic determinant for the atypical and low HNA‐2 expression, which also contributes to HNA‐2 deficiency phenotype.
Longitudinal evaluation of immunological responses to allergen‐specific immunotherapy in horses with IgE associated dermatological disease, a pilot study
Authors: Radwanski Noel E. , Morris Daniel O. , Boston Raymond C. , Cerundolo Rosario , Lee Kenneth W. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe long‐term effects of allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) on concentrations of circulating immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in horses have not been reported.ObjectivesTo document changes in clinical severity of horses with atopic dermatitis (AD) and to monitor allergen‐specific IgE and IgG concentrations during a two‐year course of ASIT.AnimalsNineteen client‐owned horses with a conditional diagnosis of AD.Methods and materialsThree ASIT groups were randomly assigned based upon results obtained by either intradermal testing (IDT) for regional allergens (n = 7); enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for specific IgE (n = 6); or a composite of results from both tests (n = 6). Serum concentrations of IgE and IgG specific for allergens included in ASIT were measured at time zero and at four‐month intervals. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record severity of clinical signs at times zero, 12 and 24 months.ResultsPositive correlations were documented between IgE and both immediate and delayed IDT results (P < 0.00001), and between immediate IDT and IgG results (P = 0.003). Specific IgE in sera decreased significantly (P < 0.05) for allergens that were included in ASIT, whereas IgG increased. Across all horses, the mean VAS score decreased by 1.2 units [95% CI: 1.28, 1.14; (P < 0.0001)] during each 12‐month period of ASIT therapy. Improvement in clinical signs was noted in 76.5% of the horses following 12 months of ASIT and in 82% after 24 months on ASIT.Conclusions and clinical importanceIn this pilot study, ASIT in horses with AD provided significant clinical benefit associated with a concomitant reduction of allergen‐specific IgE and elevation of IgG.
Blepharitis in dogs: a clinical evaluation in 102 dogs
Authors: Weingart Christiane , Kohn Barbara , Siekierski Martina , Merle Roswitha , Linek Monika 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundBlepharitis is a common finding in many dogs with various skin diseases.ObjectivesTo establish a definition for canine blepharitis versus periocular dermatitis (POD), to evaluate the clinical findings and underlying skin diseases of blepharitis, and to document the effects of blepharitis on tear production in dogs.AnimalsOne hundred and two privately owned dogs with clinical signs of blepharitis and a definitive diagnosis of skin disease.Methods and materialsProspective evaluation of clinical signs and underlying diseases in dogs with blepharitis alone compared to dogs with blepharitis and POD.ResultsBrachycephalic dogs were significantly more likely to present with blepharitis than other breeds. Twenty five dogs had blepharitis alone [three dogs (2.9%) without and 22 dogs (21.5%) with cutaneous lesion beyond the periocular skin]. Seventy one of 102 (69%) presented with POD in addition to blepharitis. In six cases a differentiation between blepharitis and POD was not possible. Typical lesions included alopecia/hypotrichosis (97%), erythema (93%), eyelid oedema (50%) and crusts (39.2%). Allergic skin disease (52%) was the most common underlying cause of blepharitis, followed by infectious/parasitic diseases (21.5%), autoimmune disorders (17.7%) and neoplasia (4.9%). Four dogs could not be allocated to any of these disease groups. A diagnosis of parasitism was always accompanied by POD. Reduced tear production was detected in ten of the 53 dogs tested (18.8%).ConclusionBlepharitis occurring in the absence of other skin lesions is rare. The most common underlying cause of blepharitis is allergic dermatitis. Measurement of tear production should be recommended in all cases of blepharitis.
Nonlinear Dynamics of MEMS Arches Assuming Out-of-Plane Actuation Arrangement
Authors: Ouakad Hassen M. , Najar Fehmi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this work, the nonlinear dynamics of a microbeam shallow arch actuated through an out-of-plane electrostatic force arrangement is investigated. A reduced order model is developed to analyze the static, free vibration, and nonlinear dynamic response of the microstructure under different direct current and alternating current load conditions. A numerical investigation is conducted by comparing the response of the arch near primary and secondary resonances using a nonparallel plates actuation scheme where the arch itself forms a moving electrode. The results show that the nonparallel excitation can be efficient for primary and secondary resonances excitation. Moreover, unlike the classical parallel plates method, where the structure is vulnerable to the dynamic pull-in instability, this nonparallel excitation arrangement can provide large amplitude motion while protecting the structure from the so-called static and dynamic pull-in instabilities. In addition to primary resonance, secondary resonances are demonstrated at twice and one-half the primary resonance frequency. The ability to actuate primary and/or secondary resonances without reaching the dynamic pull-in instability can serve various applications where large strokes increase their performance, such as for resonator-based sensitive mass sensors.
Global prevalence of diabetic retinopathy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheloni Riccardo , Gandolfi Stefano A , Signorelli Carlo , Odone Anna 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionWith increasing diabetes trends worldwide, morbidity, mortality and associated costs due to diabetes-related complications are a global public health concern. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is among the leading causes of vision loss at the global level; accurate estimates of DR burden is of crucial importance for planning, implementing and evaluating DR prevention and care interventions.The available evidence on DR prevalence at the global level, dating back to 2008, only considered data from selected regions. Taking into account the rapidly changing patterns in DR epidemiology, the aim of the current study is to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to derive solid and updated estimates on global and setting-specific DR prevalence.Methods and analysisThe systematic review methods have been defined following PRISMA guidelines. Studies published from 2008 through 2018 will be identified searching the electronic databases Embase, Medline, Cochrane, ISI Web of Knowledge, as well as through grey literature search. Retrieved records will be independently screened by two authors and relevant data will be extracted from studies reporting data on DR prevalence among individuals with diabetes. Prevalence pooled estimates of any form of DR and vision-threatening DR will be computed applying random-effects meta-analysis. Interstudy heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2statistic and explored through meta regressions and subgroup analyses. Depending on data availability, we plan to conduct subgroup analyses by study population, diabetes type, DR severity, geographical region and other selected clinical and sociodemographic variables of interest. Quality appraisal of the studies will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as this is a review of anonymised published data. Findings of the final report will be shared with the scientific community through publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at conferences, as well as with key stakeholders, including national and international health authorities, health policy makers, healthcare professionals and the general population.Clinical trial registrationCRD42018085260.