bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myiasis in einem ulzerierten spinozellulären Karzinom – ein Fall von „aided giant tumor neglect“
Authors: Saternus R. , Becker S. , Janssen E. , Vogt T. , Müller C. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungEine 91-jährige Patientin mit einem vorbekannten metastasierten Mammakarzinom stellte sich in der Hochschulambulanz der Hautklinik aufgrund eines ulzerierten Kopfhauttumors von etwa 10 cm Durchmesser vor. Obwohl sie mit jüngeren Angehörigen gemeinsam ein Haus bewohnte, zeigte die Patientin Hinweise auf eine Verwahrlosung. Histologisch zeigte sich an der Kopfhaut ein spinozelluläres Karzinom. Zusätzlich wurden 12 Maden aus der Wunde entfernt. Im hier vorgestellten Fall konnte gezeigt werden, dass bei mangelnder Pflege durch Mitbewohner durchaus zwei „giant“ Tumore auch gleichzeitig auftreten können, deren Diagnose und Therapie lange Zeit verschleppt und die im Verlauf sogar mit Maden besiedelt werden können. Wir schlagen hierfür den Begriff „giant tumor neglect (GTN)“ oder „aided giant tumor neglect (AGTN)“ vor.
The Clinical Significance and Application of Vascular Stiffness Measurements
Authors: Boutouyrie Pierre , Bruno Rosa-Maria 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Increasing evidence points out at vascular stiffness (and in particular aortic stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity) as a reliable biomarker of vascular aging, able to integrate in a single measure the overall burden of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors on the vasculature over time; furthermore, it may be per se a mechanism of disease, by inducing microcirculatory damage and favoring CV events. Increased aortic stiffness has been shown to predict future CV events and improve risk reclassification in those at intermediate risk. However, several questions in this field are still open, limiting the wide use of these tools in the clinical practice. This article will review the basic aspects of physiology of large artery stiffness, as well as current evidence about its possible clinical applications.
2-Arachidonoylglycerol mobilizes myeloid cells and worsens heart function after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Schloss Maximilian J , Horckmans Michael , Guillamat-Prats Raquel , Hering Daniel , Lauer Estelle , Lenglet Sebastien , Weber Christian , Thomas Aurelien , Steffens Sabine 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Aims
Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to an enhanced release of endocannabinoids and a massive accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes within the ischaemic myocardium. These myeloid cells originate from haematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow and are rapidly mobilized in response to MI. We aimed to determine whether endocannabinoid signalling is involved in myeloid cell mobilization and cardiac recruitment after ischaemia onset.

Methods and results
Intravenous administration of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) into wild type (WT) C57BL6 mice induced a rapid increase of blood neutrophil and monocyte counts as measured by flow cytometry. This effect was blunted when using cannabinoid receptor 2 knockout mice. In response to MI induced in WT mice, the lipidomic analysis revealed significantly elevated plasma and cardiac levels of the endocannabinoid 2-AG 24 h after infarction, but no changes in anandamide, palmitoylethanolamide, and oleoylethanolamide. This was a consequence of an increased expression of 2-AG synthesizing enzyme diacylglycerol lipase and a decrease of metabolizing enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in infarcted hearts, as determined by quantitative RT–PCR analysis. The opposite mRNA expression pattern was observed in bone marrow. Pharmacological blockade of MAGL with JZL184 and thus increased systemic 2-AG levels in WT mice subjected to MI resulted in elevated cardiac CXCL1, CXCL2, and MMP9 protein levels as well as higher cardiac neutrophil and monocyte counts 24 h after infarction compared with vehicle-treated mice. Increased post-MI inflammation in these mice led to an increased infarct size, an impaired ventricular scar formation assessed by histology and a worsened cardiac function in echocardiography evaluations up to 21 days. Likewise, JZL184-administration in a myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion model increased cardiac myeloid cell recruitment and resulted in a larger fibrotic scar size.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that changes in endocannabinoid gradients due to altered tissue levels contribute to myeloid cell recruitment from the bone marrow to the infarcted heart, with crucial consequences on cardiac healing and function.
Systemic and Reflexive: Foundations of Cumulative Dis/Advantage and Life-Course Processes
Authors: Dannefer Dale 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCumulative dis/advantage has been defined as the systemic tendency for interindividual divergence in a given characteristic to increase with the passage of time. Over recent decades, evidence supporting cumulative dis/advantage (CDA) as a cohort-based process that produces inequalities on a range of life-course outcomes has steadily increased. This paper reviews this growing body of work, grounding the discussion in CDA’s foundation as a general sociological construct with broad relevance. I emphasize the distinction between outcome and process, and then distinguish multiple levels of social analysis at which CDA operates. From this review, I extract two principles, endogenous system dynamics and life-course reflexivity, that can be cross-classified to provide a framework for analyzing contemporary research frameworks and initiatives relevant to CDA. I argue that the full sociological impact and implications of CDA research has been unevenly developed and applied, and conclude by suggesting some possible directions for further building on CDA’s insights.
Poisson Λ-brackets for Differential–Difference Equations
Authors: De Sole Alberto , Kac Victor G , Valeri Daniele , Wakimoto Minoru 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We introduce the notion of a multiplicative Poisson $\lambda$-bracket, which plays the same role in the theory of Hamiltonian differential–difference equations as the usual Poisson $\lambda$-bracket plays in the theory of Hamiltonian partial differential equations (PDE). We classify multiplicative Poisson $\lambda$-brackets in one difference variable up to order 5. As an example, we demonstrate how to apply the Lenard–Magri scheme to a compatible pair of multiplicative Poisson $\lambda$-brackets of order 1 and 2, to establish integrability of the Volterra chain.
Migration and Urbanization in Post-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Bakker Jan David , Parsons Christopher , Rauch Ferdinand 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough Africa has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades, little is known about the process of urbanization across the continent. This paper exploits a natural experiment, the abolition of South African pass laws, to explore how exogenous population shocks affect the spatial distribution of economic activity. Under apartheid, black South Africans were severely restricted in their choice of location, and many were forced to live in homelands. Following the abolition of apartheid they were free to migrate. Given a migration cost in distance, a town nearer to the homelands will receive a larger inflow of people than a more distant town following the removal of mobility restrictions. Drawing upon this exogenous variation, this study examines the effect of migration on urbanization in South Africa. While it is found that on average there is no endogenous adjustment of population location to a positive population shock, there is heterogeneity in the results. Cities that start off larger do grow endogenously in the wake of a migration shock, while rural areas that start off small do not respond in the same way. This heterogeneity indicates that population shocks lead to an increase in urban relative to rural populations. Overall, the evidence suggests that exogenous migration shocks can foster urbanization in the medium run.
Congenital HIV
Authors: Lynch Natalie Gordon , Johnson Alexandra Kesler 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is caused by a cytopathic lentivirus. HIV without adequate treatment during pregnancy can result in maternal to child transmission (MCT) of the virus. Sequelae can include severe lifelong morbidities, shorter life expectancies, and high mortality rates without antiretroviral therapy.

Purpose:
To discuss epidemiological trends, pathophysiology, and clinical care guidelines including those for diagnosis, treatment, and management of MCT of HIV in the United States. To emphasize the importance of prompt identification, prophylaxis, and treatment of at-risk infants.

Methods:
PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were used to search key words—maternal to child transmission, HIV, HIV in pregnancy, and neonatal HIV—for articles that were relevant and current. The World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and UNICEF were also utilized for up-to-date information on the topic.

Findings:
Timely identification, intervention, and treatment are necessary to prevent MCT of HIV. Membrane rupture duration is not associated with higher transmission rates with adequate viral suppression.

Implications for Practice:
An evidence-based maternal/neonatal collaborative approach to care for the prevention and management of MCT of HIV including adherence to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) should be emphasized. Early testing, prophylaxis, and treatment for neonates at risk, as well as education on current clinical care guidelines for caregivers.

Implications for Research:
Pregnancy complications of cART. MCT rates in conjunction with birthing practices and restrictions among women living with HIV with low to undetectable viral loads.
Secondary Breast, Ovarian, and Uterine Cancers After Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Shin Dong Woo , Choi Yoon Jin , Kim Hyun Soo , Han Kyung-Do , Yoon Hyuk , Park Young Soo , Kim Nayoung , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
The risk of a second primary cancer has increased along with the increasing life expectancies of colorectal cancer survivors.

OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to evaluate the incidence rate and risk factors of breast and gynecological (ovarian, uterine cervix/corpus) cancers among female colorectal cancer survivors.

DESIGN:
This is a retrospective population-based cohort study.

SETTINGS:
This study used data from the National Health Insurance Corporation of Korea.

PATIENTS:
Each patient with colorectal cancer diagnosed from 2007 to 2012 was followed until 2015 and compared with age-matched women without colorectal cancer at a 1:5 ratio.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome was de novo breast/gynecological cancer. Patients with available medical checkup data were included in an additional analysis.

RESULTS:
We analyzed 56,682 patients with colorectal cancer and 288,119 age-matched noncolorectal cancer controls. The risk of breast/gynecological cancer was higher among patients with colorectal cancer than among controls (HR, 2.91; p < 0.001). The association with colorectal cancer was the highest for ovarian cancer (HR, 6.72), followed by uterine corpus cancer (HR, 3.99), cervical cancer (HR, 2.82), and breast cancer (HR, 1.85). This association remained consistent in the subgroup analysis of medical checkup data (14,190 patients with colorectal cancer, 71,933 controls). Among patients with colorectal cancer, those aged <55 years had a higher risk of breast/gynecological cancers than those aged >55 years (HR, 3.51 vs 2.59), and those with dyslipidemia had a higher risk of breast cancer than those without dyslipidemia (HR, 2.66 vs 2.06).

LIMITATIONS:
This was a retrospective, population-based study. A prospectively designed study is needed to validate our conclusions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Compared with the general population, patients with colorectal cancer carry a higher risk of developing secondary breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A731.
Complications Arising From Perioperative Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Therapy in Major Colorectal and Abdominal Wall Surgery
Authors: Cui Rebecca Bei Jia , Ng Kheng-Seong , Young Christopher J. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
Postoperative hemorrhage and thromboembolism are recognized complications following colorectal and abdominal wall surgery, but accurate documentation of their incidence, trends, and outcomes is scant. This is relevant given the increasing number of surgical patients with cardiovascular comorbidity on anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to characterize trends in the use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy among patients undergoing major colorectal and abdominal wall surgery within the past decade, and to assess rates of, outcomes following, and risk factors for hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications.

DESIGN AND SETTING:
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at a single quaternary referral center.

PATIENTS:
Patients who underwent major colorectal and abdominal wall surgery during three 12-month intervals (2005, 2010, and 2015) were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcomes measured was the rate of complications relating to postoperative hemorrhage or thromboembolism.

RESULTS:
One thousand one hundred twenty-six patients underwent major colorectal and abdominal wall surgery (mean age, 61.4 years (SD 16.3); 575 (51.1%) male). Overall, 229 (21.7%) patients were on anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents; there was an increase in the proportion of patients on clopidogrel, dual antiplatelet therapy, and novel oral anticoagulants over the decade. One hundred seven (9.5%) cases were complicated by hemorrhage/thromboembolism. Aspirin (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.38–3.57), warfarin/enoxaparin (OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.67–5.77), and dual antiplatelet therapy (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.37–6.53) were most implicated with complications on univariate analysis. Patients with atrial fibrillation (adjusted OR 2.67; 95% CI, 1.47–4.85), ischemic heart disease (adjusted OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.04–4.40), and mechanical valves (adjusted OR, 7.40; 95% CI 1.11–49.29) were at increased risk of complications on multivariate analysis. The severity of these events was mainly limited to Clavien-Dindo 1 (n = 37) and 2 (n = 46) complications.

LIMITATIONS:
This is a retrospective study with incomplete documentation of blood loss and operative time in the early study period.

CONCLUSIONS:
One in ten patients incurs hemorrhagic/thromboembolic complications following colorectal and abdominal wall surgery. “High-risk” patients are identifiable, and individualized management of these patients concerning multidisciplinary discussion and critical-care monitoring may help improve outcomes. Prospective studies are required to formalize protocols in these “high-risk” patients. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A747.
Prosthetic Replacement of the Ocular Surface Ecosystem (PROSE) Versus Standard of Care for Postsurgical Lagophthalmos and Exposure Keratopathy: Trends in Visual Outcomes
Authors: Gervasio Kalla A. , Godfrey Kyle J. , Marlow Elizabeth D. , Lee Michelle N. , Lelli Gary J. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To compare baseline characteristics and visual acuity outcomes in patients treated with prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) versus other standard-of-care (SOC) treatments for postsurgical lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy.

Methods:
An institutional review board–approved, retrospective cohort study of 45 consecutive patients (53 eyes) with postsurgical lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy following oculoplastic or skull base surgeries treated between August 2011 and August 2017 was performed. Patients treated with PROSE (22 patients, 27 eyes) were identified by referrals made to the PROSE treatment program at Weill Cornell Medical College. Patients treated with SOC treatments (23 patients, 26 eyes) were identified by International Classification of Diseases-9 and International Classification of Diseases-10 search of billing records. SOC treatments included ocular surface lubrication (artificial tears and/or punctal plugs), tape tarsorrhaphy and/or moisture chamber, or surgical correction. The primary outcome measure was best-corrected visual acuity converted to logMAR at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Secondary outcome measures were subjective patient reports of improvement in vision and comfort, as well as presence of punctate epithelial erosions and/or corneal haze on slit-lamp examination before and after treatment.

Results:
Average age for all patients was 52 ± 22 years (range: 7–87). Twenty-eight (62%) of total patients were male. Baseline corrected logMAR visual acuity was 0.58 ± 0.40 (20/76) for PROSE and 0.27 ± 0.39 (20/37) for SOC cohorts (p < 0.001). Mean number of failed prior treatments was 8.3 ± 3 for PROSE and 2.1 ± 2 for SOC (p < 0.0001). Mean difference in logMAR visual acuity for PROSE versus SOC, respectively, from baseline to 1 month was 0.33 ± 0.26 (3-line improvement) versus 0.01 ± 0.17 (no line improvement; p < 0.0001), to 3 months was 0.31 ± 0.23 (3-line improvement) versus 0.08 ± 0.30 (4-letter improvement; p = 0.0004), to 6 months was 0.31 ± 0.28 (3-line improvement) versus 0.10 ± 0.36 (1-line improvement; p = 0.02), and to 12 months was 0.32 ± 0.28 (3-line improvement) versus 0.12 ± 0.34 (1-line improvement; p = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Patients with postsurgical lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy treated with PROSE are more likely to have failed a higher number of treatments and have worse initial best-corrected visual acuities than those treated with SOC. Prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem causes rapid and substantial visual improvement within 1 month of use compared with SOC, with little change beyond this time and sustained best-corrected visual acuity at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment.
Breaking the limit of 3D fluorescence microscopy by dual-stage-processing network
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhao Yuxuan , Fang Chunyu , Li Guo , Zhang Meng , Zhang Yu-Hui , Fei Peng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool for life science research, the fundamentally-limited optical throughput, as reflected in the compromise between speed and resolution, so far prevents further movement towards faster, clearer, and higher-throughput applications. We herein report a dual-stage mutual-feedback deep-learning approach that allows gradual reversion of microscopy degradation from high-resolution targets to low-resolution images. Using a single blurred-and-pixelated 3D image as input, our trained network infers a 3D output with notably higher resolution and improved contrast. The performance is better than conventional 1-stage network approaches. It pushes the throughput limit of current 3D fluorescence microscopy in three ways: notably reducing the acquisition time for accurate mapping of large organs, breaking the diffraction limit for imaging subcellular events with faster lower-toxicity measurement, and improving temporal resolution for capturing instantaneous biological processes. Combining our network approach with light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate the imaging of vessels and neurons in the mouse brain at single-cell resolution and with a throughput of 6 minutes for a whole brain. We also image cell organelles beyond the diffraction limit at a 2-Hz volume rate, and map neuronal activities of freely-movingC. elegansat single-cell resolution and 30-Hz volume rate.
Satisfaction, trust and loyalty: investigating the mediating effects of commitment, switching costs and corporate image
Authors: Kaur Harsandaldeep , Soch Harmeen 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the factors influencing Indian consumers’ loyalty toward mobile phone service providers by exploring the mediating roles of commitment, corporate image and switching costs on causal relationships between customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty.Design/methodology/approachA survey of 855 Indian mobile phone users was carried out to test the hypothesized relationships using structural equation modeling. The results support most of the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe direct linkages in the model are found to be statistically significant. Of these relationships, corporate image emerged as the strongest determinant of attitudinal loyalty. Calculative commitment and corporate image are found to be partial mediators between satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty. Calculative commitment and switching costs are each proven to be partial mediators between trust and attitudinal loyalty, while corporate image is proved to be a complete mediator.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to examining the impact of relationship variables on Indian consumers’ loyalty toward mobile phone companies. Future research can examine the impact of variables such as rate plans, value-added services, billing experience and voice quality on customer loyalty.Practical implicationsThe results have implications for retaining customers in highly competitive and maturing Indian mobile telecommunications. The research provides some initial insights into corporate brand building as an important area for mobile phone companies.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to test the mediating role of commitment, switching costs and corporate image in the relationship between satisfaction, trust and loyalty in the Indian context.
Investigations on performance of diesel engine by varying injection timings with design modification on piston crown
Authors: K. Vijaya , Palaparty Shailesh , Srinivasa Raghavan , Puli Ravi Kumar 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Investigations are carried out with the aim of improving performance of a diesel engine with the design modification on piston crown to stimulate the uniform combustion by inducing turbulence in the incoming charge.

Design/methodology/approach
A stirrer is introduced at the top of the piston so as to inculcate more turbulence to the incoming charge by improving the rate of fuel vaporization. Whirling motion is created in the combustible mixture by providing rotating blades on the cavity/bowl of the reciprocating piston head. By putting a simple link mechanism, the oscillatory motion of connecting rod will rotate the blade by an angle of 60°.

Findings
The investigations are carried out with and without swirl piston at 17.5 compression ratio and 200 bar injection pressure by varying injection timings.

Originality/value
Finally, the result shows that by using the modified piston, nearly 3 per cent of efficiency increased and 31 per cent of NOx emissions are reduced compared to that of a normal piston with 80 per cent load at standard injection timing.
Enhanced Ground Source Heat Pump System With Thermal Storage System
Authors: Taira Hirotoshi , Sato Takashi , Kakizaki Takao , Oguma Masahito 
Published: October 2018

The short-cycling operation of a heat pump decreases energy consumption efficiency. Short-cycling operations of GSHP (Ground Source Heat Pump System) occur when the ON / OFF control of a heat pump is used a partial load condition. It is considered effective that GSHP with capacity controls installs to suppress short-cycling operations. However, there is no report on any continuous operations by capacity control GSHP in actual operations.
We confirmed that GSHP (water to water) with capacity control operates short-cycling in the residence. Short-cycling operations were occurred a sudden load fluctuation due to opening or closing of the valves.
We conducted effective verification experiments of the thermal storage device at the artificial heat load fluctuations condition. When the thermal storage device installed upstream brine circulation line of the heat pump with the capacity control, continuous operations are performed. It was under the condition at the heating heat load of 5 kW is turned ON / OFF every 20 minutes. In this case, energy consumption efficiency of a heat pump is 13% higher than the efficiency without the thermal storage device.