bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal-oxide nanotubes functional material tailored for membrane water/wastewater treatment
Authors: Benamor A , Nasser M , El-Naas M H , Qiblawey H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Titanium Dioxide Nano-Tubes (TNTs) synthesized by hydrothermal method were used to prepare new polysulfone thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. The TFN membranes contained different TNTs proportions (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. %). A polyamide selective layer was formed on top of the TFN membrane surface using interfacial polymerization (IP). Nanofiltration experiments were performed using NaCl and MgSO4 salts solutions. The water flux was found to increase with increased TNT loading in the membrane due to high porosity of embedded nanoparticles and the formation of enlarged pores. The antifouling behaviour of the membrane was tested by bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and found to improve with increased TNT content in the membrane.
Femtosecond laser additive and subtractive micro-processing: enabling a high-channel-density silica interposer for multicore fibre to silicon-photonic packaging
Authors: Djogo Gligor , Li Jianzhao , Ho Stephen , Haque Moez , Ertorer Erden , Liu Jun , Song Xiaolu , Suo Jing , Herman Peter R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Great strides have been made over the past decade to establish femtosecond lasers in advanced manufacturing systems for enabling new forms of non-contact processing of transparent materials. Research advances have shown that a myriad of additive and subtractive techniques is now possible for flexible 2D and 3D structuring of such materials with micro- and nano-scale precision. In this paper, these techniques have been refined and scaled up to demonstrate the potential for 3D writing of high-density optical packaging components, specifically addressing the major bottleneck for efficiently connecting optical fibres to silicon photonic (SiP) processors for use in telecom and data centres. An 84-channel fused silica interposer was introduced for high-density edge coupling of multicore fibres (MCFs) to a SiP chip. Femtosecond laser irradiation followed by chemical etching was further harnessed to open alignment sockets, permitting rapid assembly with precise locking of MCF positions for efficient coupling to laser written optical waveguides in the interposer. A 3D waveguide fanout design provided an attractive balancing of low losses, mode-matching, high channel density, compact footprint, and low crosstalk. The 3D additive and subtractive processes thus demonstrated the potential for higher scale integration and rapid photonic assembly and packaging of micro-optic components for telecom interconnects, with possible broader applications in integrated biophotonic chips or micro-displays.
A high-quality genome assembly from a single, field-collected spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) using the PacBio Sequel II system
Authors: Kingan Sarah B , Urban Julie , Lambert Christine C , Baybayan Primo , Childers Anna K , Coates Brad , Scheffler Brian , Hackett Kevin , Korlach Jonas , Geib Scott M 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
A high-quality reference genome is an essential tool for applied and basic research on arthropods. Long-read sequencing technologies may be used to generate more complete and contiguous genome assemblies than alternate technologies; however, long-read methods have historically had greater input DNA requirements and higher costs than next-generation sequencing, which are barriers to their use on many samples. Here, we present a 2.3 Gb de novo genome assembly of a field-collected adult female spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) using a single Pacific Biosciences SMRT Cell. The spotted lanternfly is an invasive species recently discovered in the northeastern United States that threatens to damage economically important crop plants in the region.

Results
The DNA from 1 individual was used to make 1 standard, size-selected library with an average DNA fragment size of ~20 kb. The library was run on 1 Sequel II SMRT Cell 8M, generating a total of 132 Gb of long-read sequences, of which 82 Gb were from unique library molecules, representing ~36× coverage of the genome. The assembly had high contiguity (contig N50 length = 1.5 Mb), completeness, and sequence level accuracy as estimated by conserved gene set analysis (96.8% of conserved genes both complete and without frame shift errors). Furthermore, it was possible to segregate more than half of the diploid genome into the 2 separate haplotypes. The assembly also recovered 2 microbial symbiont genomes known to be associated with L. delicatula, each microbial genome being assembled into a single contig.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that field-collected arthropods can be used for the rapid generation of high-quality genome assemblies, an attractive approach for projects on emerging invasive species, disease vectors, or conservation efforts of endangered species.
Polysomnographic features differentiating disorder of arousals from sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy
Authors: Proserpio Paola , Loddo Giuseppe , Zubler Frederic , Ferini-Strambi Luigi , Licchetta Laura , Bisulli Francesca , Tinuper Paolo , Agostoni Elio Clemente , Bassetti Claudio , Tassi Laura , Menghi Veronica , Provini Federica , Nobili Lino 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe differential diagnosis between sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) and disorders of arousal (DOA) may be challenging. We analyzed the stage and the relative time of occurrence of parasomnic and epileptic events to test their potential diagnostic accuracy as criteria to discriminate SHE from DOA.MethodsVideo-polysomnography recordings of 89 patients with a definite diagnosis of DOA (59) or SHE (30) were reviewed to define major or minor events and to analyze their stage and relative time of occurrence. The “event distribution index” was defined on the basis of the occurrence of events during the first versus the second part of sleep period time. A group analysis was performed between DOA and SHE patients to identify candidate predictors and to quantify their discriminative performance.ResultsThe total number of motor events (i.e. major and minor) was significantly lower in DOA (3.2 ± 2.4) than in SHE patients (6.9 ± 8.3; p = 0.03). Episodes occurred mostly during N3 and N2 in DOA and SHE patients, respectively. The occurrence of at least one major event outside N3 was highly suggestive for SHE (p = 2*e-13; accuracy = 0.898, sensitivity = 0.793, specificity = 0.949). The occurrence of at least one minor event during N3 was highly suggestive for DOA (p = 4*e-5; accuracy = 0.73, sensitivity = 0.733, specificity = 0.723). The “event distribution index” was statistically higher in DOA for total (p = 0.012) and major events (p = 0.0026).ConclusionThe stage and the relative time of occurrence of minor and major motor manifestations represent useful criteria to discriminate DOA from SHE episodes.
Comparing internet-delivered cognitive therapy and behavior therapy with telephone support for insomnia disorder: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sunnhed Rikard , Hesser Hugo , Andersson Gerhard , Carlbring Per , Morin Charles M , Harvey Allison G , Jansson-Fröjmark Markus 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Our aim was to compare the effects of Internet-delivered cognitive therapy (CT) and behavior therapy (BT) against a waitlist (WL) condition to better understand their unique contribution in the treatment of insomnia.

Methods
Two hundred and nineteen participants with insomnia disorder were randomized to CT (n = 72), BT (n = 73), or WL (n = 74). The treatment arms consisted of 10 weekly internet-delivered modules with 15 min of telephone support per week. At pre, post, and follow-up, participants completed measures of insomnia severity, sleep diaries, functional impairment, anxiety, depression, quality of life, adverse events, satisfaction and perception of content, workload, and activity in treatment. Measures of completed exercises, modules, therapist support, and platform logins were also measured at posttreatment.

Results
Moderate to large effect sizes for both CT and BT outperformed the WL on the majority of outcomes, with significant differences in favor of both therapy groups. Both treatment groups had significantly larger proportion of treatment remitters (CT: 35.8%, BT: 40%, WL: 2.7%) and responders (CT: 74.6%, BT 58.6%, WL: 10.8%) compared to the WL at posttreatment. There were no significant differences between the two therapy groups in terms of outcomes, except for sleep onset latency in favor of BT (6 min difference at posttreatment) and adverse events in favor of CT (CT 14.1% vs BT 43.2%).

Conclusions
This study indicates that both Internet-delivered CT and BT are effective as stand-alone therapies for insomnia disorder. Results highlight the need for examining which therapy and subcomponents that are necessary for change.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT02984670
Preoperative Diaphragm Function Is Associated With Postoperative Pulmonary Complications After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Cavayas Yiorgos Alexandros , Eljaiek Roberto , Rodrigue Élise , Lamarche Yoan , Girard Martin , Wang Han Ting , Levesque Sylvie , Denault André Y. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
Postoperative pulmonary complications increase mortality, length, and cost of hospitalization. A better diaphragmatic strength may help face an increased work of breathing postoperatively. We, therefore, sought to determine if a low preoperative diaphragm thickening fraction (TFdi) determined by ultrasonography helped predict the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery independently of indicators of frailty, sarcopenia, and pulmonary function.

Design:
Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting:
Montreal Heart Institute, an academic cardiac surgery center in Canada.

Patients:
Adults undergoing nonemergency cardiac surgery.

Interventions:
We measured the preoperative thickness of the right and left hemidiaphragms at their zone of apposition at end-expiration (Tdi,ee) and peak-inspiration (Tdi,ei) with ultrasonography. Maximal thickening fraction of the diaphragm during inspiration (TFdi,max) was calculated using the following formula: TFdi,max = (Tdi,ei–Tdi,ee)/Tdi,ee. We also evaluated other potential risk factors including demographic parameters, comorbidities, Clinical Frailty Scale, grip strength, 5-meter walk test, and pulmonary function tests. We repeated TFdi,max measurements within 24 hours of extubation. The primary composite outcome of this study was the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, clinically significant atelectasis, or prolonged mechanical ventilation (> 24 hr).

Measurement and Main Results:
Of the 115 patients included, 34 (29.6%) developed postoperative pulmonary complications, including two with pneumonia, four with prolonged mechanical ventilation, and 32 with clinically significant atelectasis. Those with postoperative pulmonary complications had prolonged ICU and hospital length of stays. They had a lower TFdi,max (37% [interquartile range, 31–45%] vs 44% [interquartile range, 33–58%]; p = 0.03). In multiple logistic regression, a TFdi,max less than 38.1% was associated with postoperative pulmonary complications (odds ratio, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.81–13.50; p = 0.002). All patients who developed pneumonia or prolonged mechanical ventilation had a TFdi,max less than 38.1%. Respiratory rate and diabetes were also independently associated with postoperative pulmonary complications, while pulmonary function tests and the assessed indicators of frailty and sarcopenia were not.

Conclusions:
A low preoperative TFdi,max can help to identify patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery.
Homocysteine is an independent predictor of long-term cardiac mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease in the era of statins
Authors: Rallidis Loukianos S. , Kosmas Nikolaos , Rallidi Taxiarchoula , Pavlakis Georgios , Kiouri Estela , Zolindaki Maria 
Published: October 2019

Background
Homocysteine (Hcy) is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Objective
To explore the long-term prognostic value of Hcy in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in the era of statins.

Methods
A total of 876 consecutive patients with stable CAD were recruited and followed up for a median of 6.1 years. Lipids and Hcy levels were measured at baseline. Primary endpoints were cardiac death and secondary endpoints were hospitalizations for acute coronary syndrome, myocardial revascularization, arrhythmic event or ischemic stroke.

Results
Follow-up data were obtained from 842 patients of whom 70 had a cardiac death (8.3%), while 258 (30.6%) met the secondary endpoints. Seven hundred four patients (83.6%) were on statins. In univariate Cox regression analysis Hcy predicted the occurrence of cardiac death [hazard ratio: 1.030; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.018–1.042, P < 0.001] but not the occurrence of secondary endpoints (hazard ratio: 1.010; 95% CI: 0.999–1.020, P = 0.081). Hcy remained an independent predictor of cardiac death after adjustment for conventional risk factors, ejection fraction and statin use (hazard ratio: 1.030; 95% CI: 1.017–1.044, P < 0.001). Patients in the highest tertile of Hcy levels (>14.1 μmol/L) had three times higher risk of cardiac death compared with patients in the lowest tertile (<10.3 μmol/L) (hazard ratio = 3.036, CI: 1.983–4.649, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Hcy is an independent predictor of cardiac death in patients with stable CAD in the era of statins.
Building a Renowned Clinical Nurse Specialist Team
Authors: Fischer-Cartlidge Erica , Houlihan Nancy , Browne Kevin 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
This article will describe the outcomes associated with restructuring clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) into a centralized model with dedicated efforts focused on team and individual development.

Methods:
A multiphase journey was undertaken to rebuild a team of CNSs after years of open vacancies and role confusion. After restructuring to a centralized model, a multiphase approach was taken that included innovative recruitment strategies, development of a talent pipeline through enhancement of student clinical placements, team and individual development activities, and value identification. Description of methods used for individual and team development is discussed in depth within this article, including achieving role standardization and optimization.

Outcomes:
Numerous outcomes were associated with this effort and are described within this article. Among them were the hiring of 21 CNSs, increased representation on hospital-wide committees and councils, quantification of the work contribution of CNSs within the organization, and a $1 568 229.36 cost avoidance associated with CNS work efforts, all in the first 24 months.

Conclusion:
As challenges facing the role put it at risk and healthcare becomes increasingly value based, the need for expert clinicians who can demonstrate their value becomes essential. Clinical nurse specialists and hospital leadership can benefit from exploring successful interventions to rebuild CNS teams to achieve these goals.
Use of an Indeterminate Range in HIV Early Infant Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Luo Robert , Boeras Debi , Broyles Laura N. , Fong Youyi , Hsiao Nei-Yuan , Kiyaga Charles , Mazanderani Ahmad Haeri , Myer Landon , Shapiro Roger , Sherman Gayle , Penazzato Martina , Doherty Meg , Vojnov Lara 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Expanded access to HIV antiretrovirals has dramatically reduced mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, there is increasing concern around false-positive HIV test results in perinatally HIV-exposed infants but few insights into the use of indeterminate range to improve infant HIV diagnosis.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the use of an indeterminate range for HIV early infant diagnosis. Published and unpublished studies from 2000 to 2018 were included. Study quality was evaluated using GRADE and QUADAS-2 criteria. A random-effects model compared various indeterminate ranges for identifying true and false positives.

Results:
The review identified 32 studies with data from over 1.3 million infants across 14 countries published from 2000 to 2018. Indeterminate results accounted for 16.5% of initial non-negative test results, and 76% of indeterminate results were negative on repeat testing. Most results were from Roche tests. In the random-effects model, an indeterminate range using a polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold value of ≥33 captured over 93% of false positives while classifying fewer than 9% of true positives as indeterminate.

Conclusions:
Without the use of an indeterminate range, over 10% of infants could be incorrectly diagnosed as HIV positive if their initial test results are not confirmed. Use of an indeterminate range appears to lead to substantial improvements in the accuracy of early infant diagnosis testing and supports current recommendations to confirm all initial positive tests.
Thoracic Radiologists’ Versus Computer Scientists’ Perspectives on the Future of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology
Authors: Eltorai Adam E.M. , Bratt Alexander K. , Guo Haiwei H. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
There is intense interest and speculation in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to radiology. The goals of this investigation were (1) to assess thoracic radiologists’ perspectives on the role and expected impact of AI in radiology, and (2) to compare radiologists’ perspectives with those of computer science (CS) experts working in the AI development.

Methods:
An online survey was developed and distributed to chest radiologists and CS experts at leading academic centers and societies, comparing their expectations of AI’s influence on radiologists’ jobs, job satisfaction, salary, and role in society.

Results:
A total of 95 radiologists and 45 computer scientists responded. Computer scientists reported having read more scientific journal articles on AI/machine learning in the past year than radiologists (mean [95% confidence interval]=17.1 [9.01-25.2] vs. 7.3 [4.7-9.9], P=0.0047). The impact of AI in radiology is expected to be high, with 57.8% and 73.3% of computer scientists and 31.6% and 61.1% of chest radiologists predicting radiologists’ job will be dramatically different in 5 to 10 years, and 10 to 20 years, respectively. Although very few practitioners in both fields expect radiologists to become obsolete, with 0% expecting radiologist obsolescence in 5 years, in the long run, significantly more computer scientists (15.6%) predict radiologist obsolescence in 10 to 20 years, as compared with 3.2% of radiologists reporting the same (P=0.0128). Overall, both chest radiologists and computer scientists are optimistic about the future of AI in radiology, with large majorities expecting radiologists’ job satisfaction to increase or stay the same (89.5% of radiologists vs. 86.7% of CS experts, P=0.7767), radiologists’ salaries to increase or stay the same (83.2% of radiologists vs. 73.4% of CS experts, P=0.1827), and the role of radiologists in society to improve or stay the same (88.4% vs. 86.7%, P=0.7857).

Conclusions:
Thoracic radiologists and CS experts are generally positive on the impact of AI in radiology. However, a larger percentage, but still small minority, of computer scientists predict radiologist obsolescence in 10 to 20 years. As the future of AI in radiology unfolds, this study presents a historical timestamp of which group of experts’ perceptions were closer to eventual reality.
Cranial Fossa Volume in Differing Subtypes of Apert Syndrome
Authors: Lu Xiaona , Forte Antonio Jorge , Wilson Alexander , Alperovich Michael , Steinbacher Derek M. , Alonso Nivaldo , Persing John A. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Based on an established classification system of Apert syndrome subtypes, detailed regional morphology and volume analysis may be useful to provide additional clarification to individual Apert cranial structure characteristics, and treatment planning.

Methods:
Computed tomography scans of 32 unoperated Apert syndrome and 50 controls were included and subgrouped as: type I, bilateral coronal synostosis; type II, pansynostosis; type III, perpendicular combination synostosis. Three-dimensional analysis of craniometric points was used to define structural components using Materialise Mimics and 3-Matics software.

Results:
Occipitofrontal circumference of all subtypes of Apert syndrome patients is normal. Intracranial volumes of types I and II were normal, but type III was 20% greater than controls. Middle cranial fossa volume was increased in all 3 types, with the greatest increase in type II (86%). Type II developed a 69% increase in anterior cranial fossa volume, whereas type III had 39% greater posterior cranial fossa volume. Increased cranial fossa depth contributed most to above increased volume. The anteroposterior lengths of middle and posterior cranial fossae were reduced in type I (15% and 17%, respectively). However, only the anterior cranial fossa was significantly shortened in type III.

Conclusions:
Occipitofrontal circumference and overall intracranial volume is not always consistent in individual subunits of Apert syndrome. Detailed and segmental anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae volumes and morphology should be analyzed to see what impact this may have related to surgical planning.
Is Three-Dimensional Virtual Planning in Cranial Reconstruction for Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skull a Feasible Option?
Authors: van de Vijfeijken Sophie E.C.M. , Slot Mariam , Strackee Simon , Becking Alfred G. , de Lange Jan , Smeele Ludi E. , Schreuder Willem H. 
Published: October 2019

Background:Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of malignant skin disorder. An uncommon feature is local bony invasion, as can rarely be seen in lesions on the scalp. The optimal treatment strategy in these rare cases is still under debate.Objective:The aim of this case report is to present a 1-stage three-dimensional planned surgical resection and reconstruction of a cSCC with bony invasion into the scalp and to discuss the alternative options and potential pitfalls.Materials and methods:A patient diagnosed with rT4N0M0 cSCC of the scalp underwent a cranial resection and reconstruction in 1 stage. With the use of computer-assisted design and computer-assisted manufacturing a patient-specific implant (PSI) of poly (ether ether ketone) was manufactured. After the PSI was inserted, it was covered with a latissimus dorsi muscle and a split-thickness skin graft.Results:Intraoperatively the resection template generated an accurate resection and accurate and fast placement of the PSI. The reconstruction had a clinical satisfactory esthetic result, but was hampered by the development of a small wound dehiscence was observed over the postoperative course.Conclusion:Three-dimensional planned resection and reconstruction for composite defects of the skull after resection of a cSCC of the scalp with bony invasion may lead to an accurate and predictable resection and accurate and fast placement of the PSI. However, patient specific characteristics should be considered to assess potential risks and benefits before opting for this one-stage treatment strategy.