bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Active Edge Evaluation on Expensive Graphs
Authors: Choudhury Sanjiban , Srinivasa Siddhartha , Scherer Sebastian 
Published: July 2018

We consider the problem of real-time motion planning that requires evaluating a minimal number of edges on a graph to quickly discover collision-free paths. Evaluating edges is expensive, both for robots with complex geometries like robot arms, and for robots sensing the world online like UAVs. Until now, this challenge has been addressed via laziness, i.e. deferring edge evaluation until absolutely necessary, with the hope that edges turn out to be valid. However, all edges are not alike in value - some have a lot of potentially good paths flowing through them, and some others encode the likelihood of neighbouring edges being valid. This leads to our key insight - instead of passive laziness, we can actively choose edges that reduce the uncertainty about the validity of paths. We show that this is equivalent to the Bayesian active learning paradigm of decision region determination (DRD). However, the DRD problem is not only combinatorially hard but also requires explicit enumeration of all possible worlds. We propose a novel framework that combines two DRD algorithms, DIRECT and BISECT, to overcome both issues. We show that our approach outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms on a spectrum of planning problems for mobile robots, manipulators and autonomous helicopters.
Physical exposition to droughts events (1980-2001)
Authors: Seewsagur Lakshmi 
Published: July 2018

This layer presents an estimation of the annual physical exposition to drought based on Standardized Precipitation Index.
Unit is expected average annual population (2010 as the year of reference) exposed (inhabitants).
For more information, visit the Global Risk Data Platform: http://preview.grid.unep.ch

Disaster
Drought
Exposure
Risk
Parties to the 1999 Protocol on Water and Health to the 1992 Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes
Authors: Seewsagur Lakshmi 
Published: July 2018

The UNECE-WHO/Europe Protocol on Water and Health aims to protect human health and well being by better water management and by preventing, controlling and reducing water-related diseases.
The Protocol was adopted on 17 June 1999. For the current participation status of the Protocol, as well as information and relevant texts of related treaty actions, such as reservations, declarations, objections, denunciations and notifications, see: https://treaties.un.org

Law
Surface water
Transboundary
Flooding in Mozambique (January, 2013)
Authors: Carvalho-Resende Tales 
Published: July 2018

This layer shows NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite images of the lower Limpopo River on 31 January 2013.
After days of torrential rain pushed the lower Limpopo River over its banks in late January 2013, flood water surrounded the city of Xai-Xai in southern Mozambique. The death toll in Mozambique reached 68, and the estimated number of people affected ranged from 180,000 to 250,000.
For more information, visit NASA's Earth Observatory page: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/80343

Disaster
Flood
Volume of wastewater generated by industry in 2011 (in millions of m3)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer shows the volume of wastewater generated by industry in the Europe and North America region, expressed in millions of cubic meters. Spain generates the largest volumes of industrial wastewater with 6535.2 millions m3, while Cyprus is the smallest producer of industrial wastewater with 1.9 millions m3.
For more information, acces the 2017 UN World Water Development Report: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2017-wastewater-the-untapped-resource/

Quality
Use/Reuse
Waste
Presence of water in 307 water points in Peru (2013-2016)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer identifies if any water was available at the water point on the day of the visit (recognizing that it may be a limited flow) in Peru. Data was gathered from the Water Point Data Exchange (WPDx) platform, a tool established for sharing water point data throughout the global water sector.
The goal of the Water Point Data Exchange is to simplify the way water point data is shared so all stakeholders can work more efficiently.
For more information, visit the WPDx website at https://www.waterpointdata.org/

Accessibility
Drinking water
Supply
Water supply interannual variability in 2013
Authors: Guefradj Najet 
Published: July 2018

This water supply interannual variability is a normalized indicator of the variation in water supply between years. Estimations are given for the year 2013. Interannual variability is calculated as the standard deviation of annual total blue water divided by the mean of total blue water from 1950 to 2010. The indicator was created by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and ranges from 0-5, where 0 is lowest and 5 is highest. Values represent the "All-sector" indicator, and have been rounded to the nearest tenth by AQUASTAT.
For more information, see WRI original analysis here: wri.org/publication/aqueduct-country-river-basin-rankings.
Visit the FAO Aquastat website: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/data/query/index.html?lang=en

Risk
Supply
Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to hepatitis E in 2015 for 50-69 year-old males
Authors: Guefradj Najet 
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the percentage of total Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to hepatitis E for 50-69 year-old males in 2015.
One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life. The sum of DALYs across a population help to quantify the burden of disease, and to evaluate the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation.
Estimates and additional related resources can be found in the Global Burden of Study here: http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2015 For more information, visit the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation website: http://www.healthdata.org/gbd

Gender
Health
Quality
Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to hepatitis A in 2015 for 15-49 year-old females
Authors: Guefradj Najet 
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the percentage of total Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to hepatitis A for 15-49 year-old females in 2015.
One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life. The sum of DALYs across a population help to quantify the burden of disease, and to evaluate the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation.
Estimates and additional related resources can be found in the Global Burden of Study here: http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2015 For more information, visit the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation website: http://www.healthdata.org/gbd

Gender
Health
Quality
STOICHIOMETRIC COMPOSITION OF SESTON IN LITTORAL AND PELAGIAL ZONES OF SHALLOW LAKE OBSTERNO (BELARUS)
Authors: Buseva Zh. F. , Farahani Gazerani , Veras Yu. K. , Kolmakova A. A. , Sushchik N. N. 
Published: July 2018

We estimated the seston elemental composition (C, N, P) and its ratio in pelagic and littoral zones of mesotrophic shallow Lake Obsterno during two contrasting seasons, as well as the influence of macrophyte beds on the seston stoichiometry. In the both pelagial and littoral zones in summer the C: N ratio was small, 4.62 and 7.05 respectively. But it increased slightly during autumn to 5.66 in pelagic samples against 8.33 in littoral ones. The large N : P ratio and the small phosphorus content specially in the macrophyte covered littoral zone equal to 57.7 in July against 22.47 in September suggest a high level of phosphorus limitation in the littoral locations as a possible mediated reason suppressing zooplankton abundance in sumabundance in sum in summer. Our results in the both pelagial and littoral habitat showed a highly P limited situation in which the N : P ratio was larger in littoral with macrophyte than in pelagial zones. The obtained data of littoral seston stoichiometry were recorded for the first time and exceeded the classical Redfield ratio. The elemental imbalance between macrophyte covered littoral and pelagial suggest that nutrients, especially P, are more limiting in macrophyte beds in summer due to the resource competition between phytoplankton and macrophytes for nutrients, a poor food quality, low zooplankton abundance, as well as its poor taxon-specific elemental ratio in summer.
MAGNETIC NANOMATERIALS AND NANOSTRUCTURES. TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Fedosyuk V. M. 
Published: July 2018

There are analyzed creation and development of magnetic nanomaterials and nanostructures, films with a columnar type of crystal structure, multilayer film structures, nanocomposites, granular alloys and nanowires. The methodics of obtaining, structure, magnetic and magnetoresistive properties of three types of nanowires – multilayered and granular ones and the ones of spin-valve type are discussed. It is shown that multilayer film coatings with very thin (< 1 nm) alternating magnetic and nonmagnetic layers behave like films of granular alloys. It is emphasized that the films of granular Cu–Co alloys were first obtained at the Scientific and Practical Materials Research Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus by the method of electrolytic deposition without subsequent annealing, as is the case with other methods for their preparation. As prepared Cu–Co films are superparamagneties. That is, they demonstrate ferromagnetic below blocking temperature, which is dependent on the size of cobalt clusters in diamagnetic matrix of copper. The granulated nanowires, firstly obtained by us, exhibit similar behavior. Special attention is paid to the analysis of obtaining and properties of multilayered films of the spin-valve type. The trends in the development of materials science are predicted, which will allow creating new materials with a high level of quality and specified properties, what will allow expanding the area of export of such materials and products from them in the future.
Performance of High-Strength Concrete One-Way Slabs with Embedded BFRP Bar Reinforcement
Authors: Shakir Qasim M. 
Published: July 2018

Since the invention of reinforced concrete, steel bars had been used as tension device to resist tensile stresses. Recently, several experimental and theoretical studies have been achieved to verify that FRP composites bars (CFRP and GFRP) may be a good competitive alternatives due to strength ,durability and weight aspects. Few studies have been published about the performance of BFRP bars in reinforced concrete simply supported or continuous slabs. Thus, In the present work, a theoretical study based of the finite element approach is achieved utilizing ANSYS-15 package to investigate the performance of the reinforced concrete one-way slabs with embedded basalt (BFRP) bars under monotonic loads. Six slabs have been considered, two were simply supported and four were continuous each with two-span. Several parameter have been studied such as continuity condition, reinforcement ratio, position of reinforcement and the effect of replacement basalt bars by steel bars.
It is concluded that slabs reinforced with BFRP bars have lower performance if compared with that reinforced with steel bar reinforcement. Also, it is found that the steel is more effective in bottom face within the midspan zone and basalt bars are inactive in top compression zone. It is found with an efficient distribution of bars that for slab with reinforcement ratio of 0.7%, the load capacity is improved by 12.5% and a reduction in max. deflection 46%. while the load capacity is improved by 61% when adopting a ratio of 1% while the max. deflection is reduced by 56%.
Derajat Kesehatan Jasmani dan Postur Siswa Sekolah di Makassar
Authors: Bustan Muhammad Nadjib , Aprilo Ians , Anwar Khairil 
Published: July 2018

Masa depan derajat kesehatan fisik bangsa Indonesia ditentukan oleh derajat kesegaran jasmani generasi muda. Karena itu, penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana keadaan kesehatan jasmani generasi muda dengan cara mengukur derajat kesegaran jasmani anak sekolah.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan derajat kesehatan jasmani anak melalui pengukuran tinggi badan, status gizi, dan postur tubuh anak sekolah. Studi potong-lintang dilaksanakan dengan menarik sampel dari 4 sekolah dasar dan 4 sekolah menegah pertama dalam Kota Makassar. Populasi anak sekolah ini diwakili oleh 252 siswa yang mendapatkan pemeriksaan kesegaran jasmani, dan diantaranya 228 siswa yang mendapatkan pemeriksaan khusus postur memakai Formetric. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingginya proporsi anak yang pendek dan sangat pendek (23,7%). Proporsi anak dengan status gizi kurus dan sangat kurus sebanyak 29,8% disertai kelompok kegemukan dan obese 42,1%. Keadaan postur tubuh (somatotype) berada diluar batas normal dalam bentuk endomorph (bentuk badan gemuk) 36,5% dan ectomorph (bentuk badan kurus) sebanyak 25,4%. Gangguan kelurusan tulang belakang (spine misalignment) ditandai dengan kiposis 27,0 %, lordosis 21,9 %, dan skoliosis 38,2%. Kesimpulan, siswa sekolah masih mempunyai derajat kesehatan jasmani yang rendah dan gangguan postur kelurusan tulang belakang yang tinggi. Diperlukan penelitian lanjut untuk mengindentifikasi faktor penyebab rendahnya derajat kesehatan jasmani anak sekolah.
Rapid Progression of Extensive Arachnoid Adhesion Longer Than Twelve Segments and Cysts Formation after Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Case Report
Authors: Xumin Hu , Thapa Ashish J , Meiguang Zheng , Huiyong Shen 
Published: July 2018

Arachnoid cysts and intradural adhesion are uncommon in postoperative complication rather than congenital condition. The adhesion and cysts are usually around surgical site but some extend to a distant place. The authors report a case of formation of arachnoid cysts and adhesion far away from original surgical site with signifi cant clinical manifestations after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).A 55-year-old woman accepted PLIF and got a good recovery but her dura mater was torn and sutured during procedure. Six months after her 1st surgery, she felt rapid progressing numbness from foot to belly and weakness of both lower limbs. On Examination bilateral deep tendon refl exes were hyperactive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed intradural adhesion formed from T4 to sacral canal. Cerebrospinal fluid terminated at T4 level and there exactly the arachnoid cyst was formed. The long intradural adhesion and distant cyst formation made this case unique and the cause of neurological manifestations. Then the patient underwent intradural exploratory surgery and cyst-abdominal shunting. The cyst was actually found to be the terminal part of remaining subarachnoid space. Patient’s numbness stopped advancing upward and the strength of both lower limbs gradually improved after surgery. Therefore, arachnoid cyst and adhesion might appear at any place after spine surgery with dural rupture. Exploratory surgery and timely decompression can effectively slow down the progression of disease.Spinal meningeal cysts are rare and have been described as “arachnoid cysts,” “pouches”, or “diverticula”.7 Most spinal intradural arachnoid cysts are thought to be congenital but still some acquired arachnoid cysts were reported as to be the results of trauma, hemorrhage or infection.8 Even fewer were caused by intradural infl ammation after invasive diagnostic test and treatment. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience. Vol. 13, No. 2, 2016, Page: 94-98
Clinico-Ultrasonographic Profile of Ectopic Pregnancy in Western Nepal
Authors: Gurung Sangeeta Devi , Sharma Prakash 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is one of the major complications in first trimester pregnancy, resulting in increased maternal morbidity and mortality. It accounts for 1.3-2.4% of all pregnancies. Previously, though laparoscopy was considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, due to availability of high resolution ultrasound, it has become the first line investigation for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, from January 2015 till December 2017. All the cases diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were included in the study. Ultrasonological and intraoperative findings were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS (VERSION 16).Results: Twenty six patients were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancies. The incidence was 0.35%. It was most common among the reproductive age group between 20-40 years with mean age of 30.50 years. Pelvic inflammatory disease (n=10, 38.5%) was considered as risk factor. Radiological finding of Type III ectopic pregnancy (n=21, 80.8%) was the most common type.Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is common among reproductive age group with previous history of pelvic inflammatory disease. Type III is the most common type.
SiO Masers in the Galactic Bulge and Disk: Kinematics from the BAaDE Survey
Authors: Trapp A. C. , Rich R. M. , Morris M. R. , Sjouwerman L. O. , Pihlström Y. M. , Claussen M. , Stroh M. C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present the first results from the Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamic Evolution (BAaDE) survey. Though only a subset of the complete survey (∼2700 out of ∼20,000 final sources), our data comprise the largest radio kinematic survey to date of stellar SiO masers observed toward the Galactic bulge and plane from −15° < l < +12° and −6° < b < +6°. Our sources include a substantial number of line-of-sight velocities in high extinction regions within ±1° of the Galactic plane. When matched with 2MASS photometry, our radio-detected sample lies significantly brighter than and redward of the first red giant branch tip, reaching extremes of (J − Ks)0 > 8, colors consistent with Mira variables and mass-losing AGB stars. We see a clean division into two kinematic populations: a kinematically cold (σ ∼ 50 km s−1) population that we propose is in the foreground disk, consisting of giants with 2MASS Ks < 5.5, and a kinematically hot (σ ∼ 100 km s−1) candidate bulge/bar population for most giants with Ks > 5.5. Only the kinematically hot giants with Ks > 5.5 include the reddest stars. Adopting 8.3 kpc to the Galactic center, and correcting for foreground extinction, we find that most of the sources have M
bol ∼ −5, consistent with their being luminous and possibly intermediate-age AGB stars. We note some tension between the possible intermediate age of the kinematically hot population, and its high-velocity dispersion compared to the disk.
Constraints on the Mass, Concentration, and Nonthermal Pressure Support of Six CLASH Clusters from a Joint Analysis of X-Ray, SZ, and Lensing Data
Authors: Siegel Seth R. , Sayers Jack , Mahdavi Andisheh , Donahue Megan , Merten Julian , Zitrin Adi , Meneghetti Massimo , Umetsu Keiichi , Czakon Nicole G. , Golwala Sunil R. , Postman Marc , Koch Patrick M. , Koekemoer Anton M. , Lin Kai-Yang , Melchior Peter , Molnar Sandor M. , Moustakas Leonidas , Mroczkowski Tony K. , Pierpaoli Elena , Shitanishi Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present a joint analysis of Chandra X-ray observations, Bolocam thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect observations, Hubble Space Telescope (HST) strong-lensing data, and HST and Subaru Suprime-Cam weak-lensing data. The multiwavelength data set is used to constrain parametric models for the distribution of dark and baryonic matter in a sample of six massive galaxy clusters selected from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH). For five of the six clusters, the multiwavelength data set is well described by a relatively simple model that assumes spherical symmetry, hydrostatic equilibrium, and entirely thermal pressure support. The joint analysis yields considerably better constraints on the total mass and concentration of the clusters compared to analysis of any one data set individually. The resulting constraints are consistent with simulation-based predictions for the concentration–mass relation. The subsample of five galaxy clusters is used to place an upper limit on the fraction of pressure support in the intracluster medium (ICM) due to nonthermal processes, such as turbulence and bulk flow of the gas. We constrain the nonthermal pressure fraction at r
500c
to be <0.11 at 95% confidence. This is in tension with state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations, which predict a nonthermal pressure fraction of ≈0.25 at r
500c
for clusters of similar mass and redshift. This tension may be explained by the sample selection and/or our assumption of spherical symmetry.
A Young Ultramassive White Dwarf in the AB Doradus Moving Group
Authors: Gagné Jonathan , Fontaine Gilles , Simon Amélie , Faherty Jacqueline K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We use Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) kinematic data and white dwarf evolutionary models to determine that the young and ultramassive 1.28 ± 0.08 M
⊙ white dwarf GD 50 is a likely member of the AB Doradus moving group (ABDMG). Comparison with the Montréal white dwarf evolutionary models and the MESA Isochrones and Stellar Tracks (MIST) main-sequence lifetimes imply a total age of 117 ± 26 (±13 statistic, ±22 systematic) Myr, accounting for all possible C/O/Ne core compositions and using the Pleiad white dwarf LB 1497 as a comparison benchmark. This is the first white dwarf cosmochronology age for a nearby young moving group, and allows us to refine the age of the ABDMG at

Myr by combining it with its independent isochronal age. GD 50 is the first white dwarf member of the ADMG and is located at only 31 pc from the Sun, making it an important benchmark to better understand the star formation history of the Solar neighborhood.
What Powered the Optical Transient AT2017gfo Associated with GW170817?
Authors: Li Shao-Ze , Liu Liang-Duan , Yu Yun-Wei , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The groundbreaking discovery of the optical transient AT2017gfo associated with GW170817 opens a unique opportunity to study the physics of double neutron star (NS) mergers. We argue that the standard interpretation of AT2017gfo as being powered by radioactive decay of r-process elements faces the challenge of simultaneously accounting for the peak luminosity and peak time of the event, as it is not easy to achieve the required high mass, and especially the low opacity of the ejecta required to fit the data. A plausible solution would be to invoke an additional energy source, which is probably provided by the merger product. We consider energy injection from two types of the merger products: (1) a post-merger black hole powered by fallback accretion; and (2) a long-lived NS remnant. The former case can only account for the early emission of AT2017gfo, with the late emission still powered by radioactive decay. In the latter case, both early- and late-emission components can be well interpreted as due to energy injection from a spinning-down NS, with the required mass and opacity of the ejecta components well consistent with known numerical simulation results. We suggest that there is a strong indication that the merger product of GW170817 is a long-lived (supramassive or even permanently stable), low magnetic field NS. The result provides a stringent constraint on the equations of state of NSs.