bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of corneal vascularization in peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal opacification with OCT angiography
Authors: Riedl Jana C. , Wasielica‐Poslednik Joanna , Weyer‐Elberich Veronika , Vossmerbaeumer Urs , Pfeiffer Norbert , Lisch Walter , Gericke Adrian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeThe major goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that in patients with peripheral hypertrophic subepithelial corneal opacification (PHSCO), visualization of corneal vessels is better with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) than with conventional slit lamp microphotography.MethodsPatients with PHSCO were included in this prospective study. The corneal findings were photographed using a slit lamp camera (Haag Streit BM 900®) and visualized with anterior‐segment OCT (Optovue XR Avanti, Fremont, California, USA). Additionally, OCTA with the Angiovue Imaging™ System was performed in the area of PHSCO.ResultsThirty‐four eyes of 19 patients (26% male and 74% female) with PHSCO were included in this study. In 21 eyes, vascularization in the area of PHSCO was visualized with the Angiovue‐OCT, whereas only 10 eyes presented vessels in slit lamp photographs.ConclusionOptical coherence tomography angiography allows better visualization of corneal neovascularization than slit lamp photography in patients with PHSCO. Corneal opacifications were found predominantly nasally, which was reflected by a local enlargement of corneal thickness.
Wilkie's syndrome in monozygotic twins treated by 3‐D laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy
Authors: Aneiros Castro Belén , Cano Novillo Indalecio , García Vázquez Araceli , Martín Alelu Rubén , Gómez Fraile Andrés 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSuperior mesenteric artery syndrome, also known as Wilkie's syndrome, is a rare cause of proximal duodenum obstruction in children. Here, we describe the first pediatric case of superior mesenteric artery syndrome in monozygotic twin brothers. Both patients underwent 3‐D laparoscopic duodenojejunostomy at the same age with an uneventful recovery.
Peripheral T cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS). A new prognostic model developed by the International T cell Project Network
Authors: Federico Massimo , Bellei Monica , Marcheselli Luigi , Schwartz Marc , Manni Martina , Tarantino Vittoria , Pileri Stefano , Ko Young‐Hyeh , Cabrera Maria E. , Horwitz Steven , Kim Won S. , Shustov Andrei , Foss Francine M. , Nagler Arnon , Carson Kenneth , Pinter‐Brown Lauren C. , Montoto Silvia , Spina Michele , Feldman Tatyana A. , Lechowicz Mary J. , Smith Sonali M. , Lansigan Frederick , Gabus Raul , Vose Julie M. , Advani Ranjana H. ,   the T cell Project Network
Published: April 2018

SummaryDifferent models to investigate the prognosis of peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS) have been developed by means of retrospective analyses. Here we report on a new model designed on data from the prospective T Cell Project. Twelve covariates collected by the T Cell Project were analysed and a new model (T cell score), based on four covariates (serum albumin, performance status, stage and absolute neutrophil count) that maintained their prognostic value in multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was proposed. Among patients registered in the T Cell Project, 311 PTCL‐NOS were retained for study. At a median follow‐up of 46 months, the median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) was 20 and 10 months, respectively. Three groups were identified at low risk (LR, 48 patients, 15%, score 0), intermediate risk (IR, 189 patients, 61%, score 1–2), and high risk (HiR, 74 patients, 24%, score 3–4), having a 3‐year OS of 76% [95% confidence interval 61–88], 43% [35–51], and 11% [4–21], respectively (P < 0·001). Comparing the performance of the T cell score on OS to that of each of the previously developed models, it emerged that the new score had the best discriminant power. The new T cell score, based on clinical variables, identifies a group with very unfavourable outcomes.
Vedolizumab as a rescue therapy for patients with medically refractory Crohn's disease
Authors: Crowell K. T. , Tinsley A. , Williams E. D. , Coates M. D. , Bobb A. , Koltun W. A. , Messaris E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimVedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody resulting in gut‐selective anti‐inflammatory activity, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2014 for use in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of vedolizumab as a rescue therapy when other medical therapies have failed.MethodA retrospective review was performed on consecutive patients with CD receiving vedolizumab at the Penn State Hershey IBD Center between May 2014 and March 2016. These patients were unresponsive or intolerant to tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist therapy, and previously would have been candidates for surgery. Outcomes included surgical intervention, clinical response and endoscopic improvement.ResultsA total of 48 patients with medically refractory CD receiving vedolizumab were included. The median length of follow‐up was 69 weeks (range 15–113 weeks). A majority (81%) of patients previously failed at least two TNF antagonists, and 77% had prior surgery for CD. Surgical intervention was required in 21 (44%) patients and 13 (27%) patients required intra‐abdominal operations. At the conclusion of the study, 23 (48%) patients reported continued improvement of symptoms, and 22 of 37 (59%) patients undergoing endoscopy showed improvement. Patients with the inflammatory CD phenotype were more likely to improve clinically and avoid surgery.ConclusionVedolizumab alone or in combination with immunomodulators or steroids may be used as a rescue therapy in patients with medically refractory CD and may decrease the rate of surgical intervention. Patients with the inflammatory CD phenotype had the best clinical response and decreased need for surgery, suggesting that vedolizumab is most effective in the inflammatory phenotype.
Natural mortality augments population fluctuations of forage fish
Authors: Jacobsen Nis S , Essington Timothy E 
Published: April 2018

AbstractForage fish are a vital part of marine ecosystems, partly by supporting some of the largest fisheries worldwide, but also due to their role in food webs as prey for larger fish and other predators. One of the unresolved questions about forage fish dynamics is the causes of their significant temporal fluctuations. These fluctuations are often attributed to changes in environmental conditions, but direct correlations have proven hard to find. Here, we show how time‐varying predation mortality additionally plays a substantial role in forage fish population fluctuations. By analysing 10 stocks that have estimates of natural mortality changes through time, we find that natural mortality on average increases as population biomass declines towards a trough, and to a lesser degree decreases, when their biomass is growing towards a peak. While depensatory mortality was dominant on average in biomass dynamics leading up to peaks or troughs, some of the stocks exhibited compensatory mortality emphasizing variation between stocks. Furthermore, we show that the magnitude of natural mortality and productivity is generally higher than fishing mortality. The results underscore the importance of top‐down control on the dynamics of forage fish. We conclude that a holistic ecosystem analysis is required for a better ecological understanding of forage fish dynamics.
Interleukin‐33 contributes to ILC2 activation and early inflammation‐associated lung injury during abdominal sepsis
Authors: Xu Hui , Xu Jing , Xu Li , Jin Shuqing , Turnquist Heth R , Hoffman Rosemary , Loughran Patricia , Billiar Timothy R , Deng Meihong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSepsis is defined as infection with organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated immune response. The lung is one of the most vulnerable organs at the onset of sepsis. Interleukin (IL)‐33 can be released by injured epithelial and endothelial cells in the lung and regulate immune activation and infiltration. Therefore, we postulated that IL‐33 would contribute to the immune response in the lung during sepsis. Using the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model, we show here that IL‐33 contributes significantly to both sepsis‐induced inflammation in the lung and systemic inflammatory response in the early phase of sepsis. Despite the higher intra‐peritoneal bacterial burden, the absence of IL‐33 resulted in less infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes into the lungs in association with lower circulating, lung and liver cytokine levels as well as reduced lung injury at 6 h after sepsis. IL‐33 was required for the upregulation of IL‐5 in type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2), while IL‐5 neutralization suppressed neutrophil and monocyte infiltration in the lungs during CLP sepsis. This reduction in leukocyte infiltration in IL‐33‐deficient mice was reversed by administration of recombinant IL‐5. These results indicate that IL‐33 plays a major role in the local inflammatory changes in the lung, in part, by regulating IL‐5 and this axis contributes to lung injury early after the onset of sepsis.
Synthetic CpG oligonucleotides induce a genetic profile ameliorating murine myocardial I/R injury
Authors: Hilbert Tobias , Markowski Paul , Frede Stilla , Boehm Olaf , Knuefermann Pascal , Baumgarten Georg , Hoeft Andreas , Klaschik Sven 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that pre‐conditioning with CpG oligonucleotide (ODN) 1668 induces quick up‐regulation of gene expression 3 hours post‐murine myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, terminating inflammatory processes that sustain I/R injury. Now, performing comprehensive microarray and biocomputational analyses, we sought to further enlighten the “black box” beyond these first 3 hours. C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with either CpG 1668 or with control ODN 1612, respectively. Sixteen hours later, myocardial ischaemia was induced for 1 hour in a closed‐chest model, followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. RNA was extracted from hearts, and labelled cDNA was hybridized to gene microarrays. Data analysis was performed with BRB ArrayTools and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Functional groups mediating restoration of cellular integrity were among the top up‐regulated categories. Genes known to influence cardiomyocyte survival were strongly induced 24 hours post‐I/R. In contrast, proinflammatory pathways were down‐regulated. Interleukin‐10, an upstream regulator, suppressed specifically selected proinflammatory target genes at 24 hours compared to 3 hours post‐I/R. The IL1 complex is supposed to be one regulator of a network increasing cardiovascular angiogenesis. The up‐regulation of numerous protective pathways and the suppression of proinflammatory activity are supposed to be the genetic correlate of the cardioprotective effects of CpG 1668 pre‐conditioning.
Constraints on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in the clonal plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris
Authors: Wang Mo‐Zhu , Bu Xiang‐Qi , Li Lin , Dong Bi‐Cheng , Li Hong‐Li , Yu Fei‐Hai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe evolution of phenotypic plasticity of plant traits may be constrained by costs and limits. However, the precise constraints are still unclear for many traits under different ecological contexts. In a glasshouse experiment, we grew ramets of 12 genotypes of a clonal plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris under the control (full light and no flood), shade and flood conditions and tested the potential costs and limits of plasticity in 13 morphological and physiological traits in response to light availability and flood variation. In particular, we used multiple regression and correlation analyses to evaluate potential plasticity costs, developmental instability costs and developmental range limits of each trait. We detected significant costs of plasticity in specific petiole length and specific leaf area in response to shade under the full light condition and developmental range limits in specific internode length and intercellular CO2 concentration in response to light availability variation. However, we did not observe significant costs or limits of plasticity in any of the 13 traits in response to flood variation. Our results suggest that the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plant traits can be constrained by costs and limits, but such constraints may be infrequent and differ under different environmental contexts.
Gallstone disease and increased risk of mortality: Two large prospective studies in US men and women
Authors: Zheng Yan , Xu Min , Heianza Yoriko , Ma Wenjie , Wang Tiange , Sun Dianjianyi , Albert Christine M , Hu Frank B , Rexrode Kathryn M , Manson JoAnn E , Qi Lu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground and AimGallstone disease has been related to a higher prevalence and incidence of chronic conditions, such as dyslipidemia, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, limited data are available regarding whether gallstone disease is related to mortality.MethodsWe examined the relationship of a history of gallstone disease and risk of death, using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, among 86 030 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 43 949 men from the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study.ResultsDuring the up‐to 32 years of follow‐up, 34 011 all‐cause deaths were confirmed, of which 8138 were CVD deaths and 12 173 were cancer deaths. For the participants with a history of gallstone disease compared with those without, the hazard ratio of total mortality was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.13, 1.20), of CVD mortality 1.11 (1.05, 1.17), of cancer mortality 1.15 (1.09, 1.20), and of other mortality 1.19 (1.14, 1.25) from a pooled‐analysis of women and men (all P < 0.001). The multi‐adjusted associations between gallstone disease and total mortality persisted among women and men, and among participants with various risk profiles including the different status of body mass index, hormone therapy use, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia (all P for interaction ≥ 0.09).ConclusionThese data suggest that gallstone disease is associated with a higher risk of total mortality and disease‐specific mortality, including CVD and cancer mortality, independent of various traditional risk factors.
Validation of Caregiver‐Centered Delirium Detection Tools: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rosgen Brianna , Krewulak Karla , Demiantschuk Danielle , Ely E. Wesley , Davidson Judy E. , Stelfox Henry T. , Fiest Kirsten M. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo summarize the validity of caregiver‐centered delirium detection tools in hospitalized adults and assess associated patient and caregiver outcomes.DesignSystematic review.SettingWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus from inception to May 15, 2017.ParticipantsHospitalized adults.InterventionCaregiver‐centered delirium detection tools.MeasurementsWe drafted a protocol from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Two reviewers independently completed abstract and full‐text review, data extraction, and quality assessment. We summarized findings using descriptive statistics including mean, median, standard deviation, range, frequencies (percentages), and Cohen's kappa. Studies that reported on the validity of caregiver‐centered delirium detection tools or associated patient and caregiver outcomes and were cohort or cross‐sectional in design were included.ResultsWe reviewed 6,056 titles and abstracts, included 6 articles, and identified 6 caregiver‐centered tools. All tools were designed to be administered in several minutes or less and had 11 items or fewer. Three tools were caregiver administered (completed independently by caregivers): Family Confusion Assessment Method (FAM‐CAM), Informant Assessment of Geriatric Delirium (I‐AGeD), and Sour Seven. Three tools were caregiver informed (administered by a healthcare professional using caregiver input): Single Question in Delirium (SQiD), Single Screening Question Delirium (SSQ–Delirium), and Stressful Caregiving Response to Experiences of Dying. Caregiver‐administered tools had better psychometric properties (FAM‐CAM sensitivity 75%, 95% confidence interval (CI)=35–95%, specificity 91%, 95% CI=74–97%; Sour Seven positive predictive value 89.5%, negative predictive value 90%) than caregiver‐informed tools (SQiD: sensitivity 80%, 95% CI=28.4–99.5%; specificity 71%, 95% CI=41.9–91.6%; SSQ‐Delirium sensitivity 79.6%, specificity 56.1%).ConclusionDelirium detection is essential for appropriate delirium management. Caregiver‐centered delirium detection tools show promise in improving delirium detection and associated patient and caregiver outcomes. Comparative studies using larger sample sizes and multiple centers are required to determine validity and reliability characteristics.
Evolution of metamorphic fluid recorded in granulite facies metacarbonate rocks from the middle segment of the Mogok metamorphic belt in central Myanmar
Authors: Ye Kyaw Thu  , Enami M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Mogok metamorphic belt of Palaeogene age, which records subduction‐ and collision‐related events between the Indian and Eurasian plates, lies along the western margin of the Shan plateau in central Myanmar and continues northwards to the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Reaction textures of clinohumite‐ and scapolite‐bearing assemblages in Mogok granulite facies metacarbonate rocks provide insights into the drastic change in fluid composition during exhumation of the collision zone. Characteristic high‐grade assemblages of marble and calcsilicate rock are clinohumite+forsterite+spinel+phlogopite+pargasite/edenite+calcite+dolomite, and scapolite+diopside+anorthite+quartz+calcite respectively. Calculated petrogenetic grids in CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–CO2 and subsets of this system were employed to deduce the pressure–temperature–fluid evolution of the clinohumite‐ and scapolite‐bearing assemblages. These assemblages suggest higher temperature (>780–810°C) and [=CO2/(CO2+H2O) >0.17–0.60] values in the metamorphic fluid for the peak granulite facies stage, assuming a pressure of 0.8 GPa. Calcite grains commonly show exsolution textures with dolomite particles, and their reintegrated compositions yield temperatures of 720–880°C. Retrograde reactions are mainly characterized by a reaction zone consisting of a dolomite layer and a symplectitic aggregate of tremolite and dolomite grown between clinohumite and calcite in marble, and a replacement texture of scapolite by clinozoisite in calcsilicate rock. These textures indicate that the retrograde reactions developed under lower temperature (<620°C) and (<0.08–0.16) conditions, assuming a pressure of 0.5 GPa. The metacarbonate rocks share metamorphic temperatures similar to the Mogok paragneiss at the peak granulite facies stage. The values of the metacarbonate rock at peak metamorphic stage are, however, distinctly higher than those previously deduced from carbonate mineral‐free paragneiss. Primary clinohumite, phlogopite and pargasite/edenite in marble have F‐rich compositions, and scapolite in calcsilicate rock contains Cl, suggesting a contrast in the halogen compositions of the metamorphic fluids between these two lithologies. The metamorphic fluid compositions were probably buffered within each lithology, and the effective migration of metamorphic fluid, which would have extensively changed the fluid compositions, did not occur during the prograde granulite facies stage throughout the Mogok metamorphic belt. The lower conditions of the Mogok metacarbonate rocks during the retrograde stage distinctly contrast with higher conditions recorded in metacarbonate rocks from other metamorphic belts of granulite facies. The characteristic low conditions were probably due to far‐ranging infiltration of H2O‐dominant fluid throughout the middle segment of the Mogok metamorphic belt under low‐amphibolite facies conditions during the exhumation and hydration stage.
Incidence of and risk factors for severe maternal complications associated with hypertensive disorders after 36 weeks’ gestation in uncomplicated twin pregnancies: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Ishii Keisuke , Muto Haruka , Ota Shiyo , Kawaguchi Haruna , Hayashi Shusaku , Mitsuda Nobuaki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo elucidate the incidence of and risk factors for severe hypertensive disorders (HD) and related maternal complications in uncomplicated twin pregnancies that reached 36 weeks’ gestation.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of twin pregnancies delivered after 36 weeks’ gestation. Cases of twin–twin transfusion syndrome, twin anemia–polycythemia sequence, malformed fetuses, monoamniotic twins, selective reduction, fetal therapy and HD or fetal death before 35 weeks’ gestation were excluded. The study's primary outcome was the incidence of severe maternal complications, including severe HD, eclampsia, placental abruption, HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme and low platelet) syndrome, pulmonary edema and cerebrovascular disease. Perinatal factors associated with the primary outcome were identified using a multivariate logistic regression model.ResultsIn 330 enrolled women, the number of cases with the primary outcome was 28 (8.5%; 95% confidence interval 5.9–12.0), including 25 cases of severe HD and each one case of placental abruption, HELLP syndrome and eclampsia. The rate of severe maternal complications significantly increased with gestational age, demonstrating 1.2% at 36 weeks, 3.9% at 37 weeks and 6.4% at 38 weeks. Only gestational proteinuria was identified as the independent risk factor for severe maternal complications (adjusted odds ratio 17.1 [95% confidence interval 6.71–45.4]).ConclusionSevere maternal HD and related complications increased from late preterm to early term; particularly, patients with gestational proteinuria were at high risk.
Cervical intradural extramedullary lipoma: A rare differential diagnosis of nontraumatic limping in an adult patient
Authors: Carrasco Sira , Camacho Ana , Franco Andrés , Burriel Laura , Hernández Amalia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntradural lipomas behave similarly to any other spinal cord tumor. They are very rare, accounting for less than 1% of all spinal cord tumors, and mainly affect pediatric and occasionally young adult patients. Back pain, weakness (paraparesis or quadriparesis), sensory alterations, and incontinence are the most common manifestations. We present the case of a 47‐year‐old patient who attended our department due to a 3‐year history of nontraumatic limping secondary to a cervical intradural extramedullary lipoma. The lipoma was partially resected and symptoms progressed satisfactorily.