bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nausea exacerbates symptom burden, quality of life, and functioning in adolescents with functional abdominal pain disorders
Authors: Kovacic Katja , Kapavarapu Prasanna K. , Sood Manu R. , Li B U. K. , Nugent Melodee , Simpson Pippa , Miranda Adrian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundNausea frequently co‐exists with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) and may be linked to a higher disease burden. This study aimed to prospectively compare multisystem symptoms, quality of life, and functioning in FAPDs with and without nausea.MethodsAdolescents ages 11‐18 years fulfilling Rome III criteria for a FAPD were grouped by the presence or absence of chronic nausea. Subjects completed validated instruments assessing nausea (Nausea Profile Questionnaire = NPQ), quality of life (Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurement Information System), functioning (Functional Disability Inventory), and anxiety (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children). Group comparisons were performed for instruments, multisystem symptoms, school absences, and clinical diagnoses.Key ResultsA total of 112 subjects were included; 71% reported chronic nausea. Patients with Nausea compared to No Nausea had higher NPQ scores (P ≤ 0.001), worse quality of life (P = 0.004), and greater disability (P = 0.02). State and trait anxiety scores were similar (P = 0.57, P = 0.25). A higher NPQ score correlated with poorer quality of life, more disability, and higher anxiety. Specific comorbidities were more common in Nausea vs No Nausea group: dizziness (81% vs 41%; P ≤ 0.001), concentrating difficulties (68% vs 27%; P ≤ 0.001), chronic fatigue (58% vs 20%; P = 0.01), and sleep disturbances (73% vs 48%; P = 0.02). The Nausea group reported more school absences (P = 0.001) and more commonly met criteria for functional dyspepsia (P = 0.034).Conclusion and InferencesNausea co‐existing with FAPDs is associated with a higher extra‐intestinal symptom burden, worse quality of life, and impaired functioning in children. Assessing and targeting nausea therapeutically is essential to improve outcomes in FAPDs.
“Evidence‐Based Interventional Pain Medicine According to Clinical Diagnoses”: Update 2018
Authors: Huygen Frank , Kallewaard Jan Willem , van Tulder Maurits , Van Boxem Koen , Vissers Kris , van Kleef Maarten , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionBetween 2009 and 2011 a series of 26 articles on evidence‐based medicine for interventional pain medicine according to clinical diagnoses were published. The high number of publications since the last literature search justified an update.MethodsFor the update an independent 3rd party, specialized in systematic reviews was asked in 2015 to perform the literature search and summarize relevant evidence using Cochrane andGRADEmethodology to compile guidelines on interventional pain management. The guideline committee reviewed the information and made a last update on March 1st 2018. The information from new studies published after the research performed by the 3th party and additional observational studies was used to incorporate other factors such as side effects and complications, invasiveness, costs and ethical factors, which influence the ultimate recommendations.ResultsFor the different indications a total of 113 interventions were evaluated. Twenty‐seven (24%) interventions were new compared to the previous guidelines and the recommendation changed for only 3 (2.6%) of the interventions.DiscussionThis article summarizes the evolution of the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations for the interventional pain treatment options for 28 clinical pain diagnoses.
Antibiotic use in aquaculture, policies and regulation, health and environmental risks: a review of the top 15 major producers
Authors: Lulijwa Ronald , Rupia Emmanuel Joseph , Alfaro Andrea C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis review focuses on the current status of antibiotics use, effects on animal health and the environment, existing policies and regulatory mechanisms in the top 15 producing countries. Fifty papers were reviewed and represented the bulk of literature worldwide. We observed that 67 antibiotic compounds were used in 11 of the 15 countries between 2008 and 2018. Among these countries, 73% applied oxytetracycline, sulphadiazine and florfenicol. On average, countries used 15 antibiotics and the top users included Vietnam (39), China (33) and Bangladesh (21). On environmental and health risks, the review revealed sufficient evidence that directly links antibiotics use to food safety, occupational health hazards and antimicrobial resistance. Environmental risks included residue accumulation, aquatic biodiversity toxicity, microbial community selection for antibiotic resistance and the emergence of multi‐antibacterial resistant strains. Regarding policies, major players were the European Commission, the Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Codex and government ministries. In particular, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority and Norwegian Veterinary Institute demonstrated the most outstanding regulation mechanisms of antibiotics use in aquaculture that needs to be emulated. The future of aquaculture lies in guaranteeing the supply of safe aquatic products to the growing consumer market. Thus, international coordination of the policy and regulatory environment is needed, while increased investment in research for alternative aquatic health management strategies is essential. Future technologies should focus on the reduction of antibiotics use to safeguard the environment and ensure safety of consumers, feed industry and aquaculture workers.
Genetic variation of FUT2 in a Peruvian population: identification of a novel LTR‐mediated deletion and characterization of 4 nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: Soejima Mikiko , Koda Yoshiro 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDThe human FUT2 gene, which encodes a secretor type α(1,2)fucosyltransferase, is reported to have several population‐specific single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variations. However, little is known about genetic variation of FUT2 in Native Americans.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTo detect SNPs and copy number variations of the FUT2 gene in Peruvians, direct sequencing and digital polymerase chain reaction were performed. Haplotypes of observed SNPs were estimated by PHASE software or cloning into plasmids. The functional significance of nonsynonymous SNPs was examined by transient transfection assay.RESULTSWe identified three novel nonfunctional alleles (se178,357, se841, and sedel4) due to two nonsynonymous SNPs (178C > T and 841G > A) and a novel long terminal repeat–mediated recombination with a 4.3‐kb deletion in 70 Peruvians. The frequency of nonfunctional alleles was relative low (20.7%). Because se841 has a relatively high frequency (5.7%), it might be a suitable genetic marker for Peruvians.CONCLUSIONWe identified three novel nonfunctional alleles in 70 Peruvians. To our knowledge, this is the first time a long terminal repeat–mediated gene recombination event at the FUT2 locus has been detected.
Photodegradation of ciprofloxacin in water using photocatalyst of zinc oxide nanowires doped with copper and cerium oxides
Authors: Mirzai Maryam , Akhlaghian Faranak , Rahmani Farhad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAntibiotic pollution via wastewaters has led to many environmental problems. In this work, to remove ciprofloxacin which is an antibiotic from water, foil photocatalyst of zinc oxide nanowires doped with copper and cerium oxides was applied under UV light irradiation. An empirical model was developed to determine the photocatalyst activity using response surface methodology. The independent variables were the concentrations of precursors, copper and cerium nitrates in the coating solution. The F‐value and p‐value of the model showed the accuracy of the model. The statistical analysis indicated that copper oxide had larger effect on the response than cerium oxide. The optimized catalyst was determined and characterized using ICP, XRD, SEM and MIP techniques. The results of this work which are comparable to those of the previous studies have the advantage of easy separation of the photocatalyst from water without using a centrifuge.
Glycemic control outcomes of manual and computerized insulin titration protocols: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Majeste Andrew C. , Tatum Eva , Christian Robin , Palokas Michelle 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective:
The object of this systematic review is to determine the effectiveness of computerized insulin titration protocols compared to manual insulin titration protocols for glycemic control in hospitalized adult patients.

Introduction:
Hyperglycemia is common during acute illness, and current recommendations for patients with altered glucose metabolism is the use of intravenous insulin therapy. Due to the narrow therapeutic index of insulin, euglycemia is difficult to achieve and requires frequent dose titrations and blood glucose checks. Dose titrations can be accomplished through the use of manual or computerized insulin titration protocols.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies that compare manual and computerized insulin titration protocols for hospitalized adult patients requiring intravenous insulin therapy for hyperglycemia. Studies must have considered one or more glycemic control outcomes.

Methods:
This systematic review will use the JBI methodology for evidence of effectiveness. The search will be limited to studies published in English from 1984, as this was the approximate year that the first pilot study of a computerized titration protocol was implemented. The databases to be searched include: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Health Technology Assessments and Ovid Healthstar. The trial registers to be searched include: US National Library of Medicine (ClinicalTrials.gov). The search for unpublished studies will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and MedNar. Retrieval of full-text studies, assessment of methodological quality and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis will be performed if possible, and a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Summary of Findings presented.

Systematic Review Registration Number:
PROSPERO CRD42019142776
The Interval-Based Physiological and Mechanical Demands of Cross-Country Ski Training
Authors: Haugnes Pål , Kocbach Jan , Luchsinger Harri , Ettema Gertjan , Sandbakk Øyvind 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:To investigate fluctuations in speed, work rate, and heart rate (HR) when cross-country ski skating across varying terrains at different endurance-training intensities.Methods:Seven male junior Norwegian skiers performed maximal-speed (Vmax) tests in both flat and uphill terrains. Thereafter, 5-km sessions at low (LIT), moderate (MIT), and high intensity (HIT) were performed based on their own perception of intensity while monitored by a global navigation satellite system with integrated barometry and accompanying HR monitor.Results:Speed, HR, and rating of perceived exertion gradually increased from LIT to MIT and HIT, both for the total course and in flat and uphill terrains (allP < .05). Uphill work rates (214 [24] W, 298 [27] W, and 350 [54] W for LIT, MIT, and HIT, respectively) and the corresponding percentage of maximal HR (79.2% [6.1]%, 88.3% [2.4]%, and 91.0% [1.7]%) were higher than in flat terrain (159 [16] W, 206 [19] W, and 233 [72] W vs 72.3% [6.3]%, 83.2% [2.3]%, and 87.4% [2.0]% for LIT, MIT, and HIT, respectively) (allP < .01). In general, ∼13% point lower utilization of maximal work rate was reached in uphill than in flat terrain at all intensities (allP < .01).Conclusions:Cross-country ski training across varying terrains is clearly interval based in terms of speed, external work rate, and metabolic intensity for all endurance-training intensities. Although work rate and HR were highest in uphill terrain at all intensities, the utilization of maximal work rate was higher in flat terrain. This demonstrates the large potential for generating external work rate when uphill skiing and the corresponding downregulation of effort due to the metabolic limitations.
The Relationship Between Isometric Strength and Sprint Acceleration in Sprinters
Authors: Brady Claire J. , Harrison Andrew J. , Flanagan Eamonn P. , Haff G. Gregory , Comyns Thomas M. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To examine the relationships between the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), isometric squat (ISqT), and sprint acceleration performance in track-and-field sprinters and to determine whether there are differences between men and women. Methods: Fifteen male and 10 female sprinters performed 3 maximal-effort IMTPs, ISqTs, and 3 × 30-m sprints from blocks. Results: Among the men, the results showed significant negative correlations between IMTP and ISqT peak force; relative peak force; force at 100, 150, and 200 ms; rate of force development (0–150 and 0–200 ms); and impulse (0–200 ms) and 0- to 5-m time (r = −.517 to −.714; P < .05). IMTP impulse (B = −0.582, P = .023) and ISqT relative peak force (B = −0.606, P = .017) significantly predicted 0- to 5-m time. Among the women, no IMTP or ISqT variables significantly correlated with any sprint times. Men measured significantly higher than women for all IMTP measures except relative peak force. Men were significantly faster than women at all splits. When comparing measures of the ISqT, there were no significant differences between men and women. Conclusions: Variables measured during the IMTP and ISqT significantly correlated with 0- to 5-m sprint performance in male athletes. Isometric strength can have a sizable influence on 0- to 5-m time, but in some cases, the maximum effect could be very small.
Role of the cerebral ultrasound in a case of Sturge-Weber syndrome
Authors: Ferraz Ana , Morais Sofia , Mimoso Gabriela 
Published: April 2019

Cerebral ultrasound (CUS) can be a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool for brain involvement in Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS). Literature discussing the relevance of ultrasound in SWS is, however, scarce.We report a case of a newborn with SWS and serious brain abnormalities diagnosed on the first day of life with a CUS.
Tuberculosis at the animal–human interface in the Ugandan cattle corridor using a third-generation sequencing platform: a cross-sectional analysis study
Authors: Pullen Matthew Flinn , Boulware David R , Sreevatsan Srinand , Bazira Joel 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionMycobacterial diseases are a significant source of disease burden, withMycobacterium tuberculosisbeing the most common infectious cause of death worldwide. Given this, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in these species is of particular interest. By examining the epidemiology of mycobacteria in humans and cattle in an area of intense human–animal contact (the Ugandan cattle corridor [UCC]) and using a novel whole-genome sequencing technique to analyse organism diversity, this study will explore the role bidirectional transmission of mycobacteria plays in the local ecology, as well the significance of zoonoticMycobacterium bovisin the human population.Methods and analysisThis ongoing study includes both a cross-sectional analysis of the UCC mycobacteria-positive population and novel laboratory-based research focused on differentiating the species causingM. tuberculosiscomplex-linked disease. We will use a third-generation sequencing platform (the MinION sequencer from Oxford Nanopore Technology), comparing data from a sample subset to the Illumina platform as a means of measuring viability of the MinION platform in this specific setting. Our full sample set will be sequenced on Illumina and the data will be used to perform epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from both the University of Minnesota IRB committee and the Ugandan National Council for Science and Technology—Research Ethics Committee. Samples were obtained after patients signed an informed consent indicating samples could be retained and used for research purposes. All samples are deidentified, with only basic demographic and geographic information being retained per national tuberculosis (TB) recording guidelines. Significant drug resistance results will be referred back to the local TB control officer to inform patient care. Final results of the study will be submitted to infectious disease-specific journals and will be submitted to the annual Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) meeting.
Indigenous and non-Indigenous people experiencing homelessness and mental illness in two Canadian cities: A retrospective analysis and implications for culturally informed action
Authors: Bingham Brittany , Moniruzzaman Akm , Patterson Michelle , Distasio Jino , Sareen Jitender , O’Neil John , Somers Julian M 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesIndigenous people in Canada are not only over-represented among the homeless population but their pathways to homelessness may differ from those of non-Indigenous people. This study investigated the history and current status of Indigenous and non-Indigenous people experiencing homelessness and mental illness. We hypothesised that compared with non-Indigenous people, those who are Indigenous would demonstrate histories of displacement earlier in life, higher rates of trauma and self-medication with alcohol and other substances.Design and settingRetrospective data were collected from a sample recruited through referral from diverse social and health agencies in Winnipeg and Vancouver.ParticipantsEligibility included being 19 years or older, current mental disorder and homelessness.MeasuresData were collected via interviews, using questionnaires, on sociodemographics (eg, age, ethnicity, education), mental illness, substance use, physical health, service use and quality of life. Univariate and multivariable models were used to model the association between Indigenous ethnicity and dependent variables.ResultsA total of 1010 people met the inclusion criteria, of whom 439 self-identified as Indigenous. In adjusted models, Indigenous ethnicity was independently associated with being homeless at a younger age, having a lifetime duration of homelessness longer than 3 years, post-traumatic stress disorder, less severe mental disorder, alcohol dependence, more severe substance use in the past month and infectious disease. Indigenous participants were also nearly twice as likely as others (47% vs 25%) to have children younger than 18 years.ConclusionsAmong Canadians who are homeless and mentally ill, those who are Indigenous have distinct histories and current needs that are consistent with the legacy of colonisation. Responses to Indigenous homelessness must be developed within the context of reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Canadians, addressing trauma, substance use and family separations.Trial registration numberISRCTN42520374,ISRCTN57595077,ISRCTN66721740.
Healthcare Options for People Experiencing Depression (HOPE*D): the development and pilot testing of an encounter-based decision aid for use in primary care
Authors: Barr Paul J , Forcino Rachel C , Dannenberg Michelle D , Mishra Manish , Turner Erick , Zisman-Ilani Yaara , Matthews Jim , Hinn Michelle , Bruce Martha , Elwyn Glyn 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo develop and pilot an encounter-based decision aid (eDA) for people with depression for use in primary care.DesignWe developed an eDA for depression through cognitive interviews and pilot tested it using a one-group pretest, post-test design in primary care. Feasibility, fidelity of eDA use and acceptability were assessed using recruitment rates and semistructured interviews with patients, medical assistants and clinicians. Treatment choice and shared decision-making (SDM) were also assessed.SettingInterviews with adult patients and the public were conducted in a mall and library in Grafton County, New Hampshire, while clinician interviews took place by phone or at the clinician’s office. Pilot testing occurred in a New Hampshire primary care practice.ParticipantsCognitive interviews were conducted with adults, ≥18 years, who could read English from the following stakeholder groups: history of depression, the public and clinicians. Patients with a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score of ≥5 were recruited for piloting.ResultsThree stages of cognitive interviews were conducted (n=28). Changes to eDA included moving the combination therapy information and access to treatment information, adding colour, modifying pictograms and editing the talk-therapy description. Clinician concerns about patient health literacy were not reflected in patient interviews. Of 59 patients who reviewed study information, 56 were eligible and agreed to participate in pilot testing; however, only 29 could be reached for follow-up. The eDA was widely accepted, though clinicians did not always use it as intended. We found no impact of eDA use on SDM, though patients chose a wider range of treatment options.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility of the use of an eDA for depression in primary care that was widely accepted. Further research is needed to improve the fidelity with which the eDA is used and to assess its impact on SDM and related health outcomes.
Bidirectional association between migraine and fibromyalgia: retrospective cohort analyses of two populations
Authors: Penn I-Wen , Chuang Eric , Chuang Tien-Yow , Lin Cheng-Li , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveFibromyalgia (FM) and migraine are common pain disorders that tend to coexist. This study determined whether these two conditions exhibited any mutual influences.SettingCohort study.ParticipantsA retrospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted using data obtained from a nationwide healthcare database. This study had two arms. Arm 1 comprised 33 216 patients with FM and arm 2 consisted of 7420 patients with migraine; all of these patients were diagnosed between 2000 and 2010. Using the aforementioned database, control subjects who had neither FM nor migraine and were matched with the FM and migraine patients by sex, age and index date of diagnosis were recruited. Each control cohort was four times the size of the corresponding study cohort. Follow-up for the control and study cohorts was conducted until the end of 2011.ResultsThe incidence rates of FM and migraine were calculated in arms 1 and 2, respectively. The overall incidence of migraine was greater in the FM cohort than in the corresponding control cohort (4.39 vs 2.07 per 1000 person-years (PY)); crude HR=2.12, 95% CI=1.96 to 2.30; adjusted HR (aHR)=1.89, 95% CI=1.75 to 2.05). After adjustment for sex, age and comorbidities, the overall incidence of FM in the migraine cohort was 1.57 times greater than that in the corresponding control cohort (7.01 vs 4.49 per 1000 PY; aHR=1.52, 95% CI=1.39 to 1.65).ConclusionsThe present study revealed a bidirectional link between FM and migraine.