bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downhill Running Impairs Activation and Strength of the Elbow Flexors
Authors: Brandenberger Kyle J. , Warren Gordon L. , Ingalls Christopher P. , Otis Jeff S. , Doyle J. Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Brandenberger, KJ, Warren, GL, Ingalls, CP, Otis, JS, and Doyle, JA. Downhill running impairs activation and strength of the elbow flexors. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2145–2150, 2021—The purpose of this study was to determine if knee extensor injury induced by 1 hour of downhill running attenuated force production in the elbow flexors. Subjects completed either downhill running for 1 hour (injured group; n = 6) or sedentary behavior (control group; n = 6). Strength and voluntary activation (%VA) were measured by isometric twitch interpolation of the elbow flexor and knee extensor muscles at the following time points in relation to the injury: before injury (Pre), after injury (Post), 24 hours after injury (24Post), and 48 hours after injury (48Post). Mean (±SE) knee extensor strength was significantly reduced (53.5 ± 9.9%) Post and remained reduced at 24Post and 48Post in the injury group. Knee extensor muscle twitch strength was reduced Post and 24Post after the downhill run (p < 0.022). Elbow flexor muscle strength was significantly reduced Post (13.2 ± 3.9%) and 24Post (17.3 ± 4.0%). Elbow flexor muscle twitch strength was not significantly different at any time point. Elbow flexor muscle %VA was not significantly reduced compared with Pre, at Post (16.2 ± 5.1%), 24Post (20.9 ± 6.7%), or 48Post (12.9 ± 4.5%). A 1-hour downhill run significantly injured the knee extensors. The elbow flexor muscles remained uninjured, but strength of these muscles was impaired by reduced %VA. These data suggest muscle injury can lead to prolonged strength deficits in muscles distant from the injury and should be accounted for when scheduling training that may lead to delayed-onset muscle soreness.
Can the Combination of Acute Alcohol Intake and One Night of Sleep Deprivation Affect Neuromuscular Performance in Healthy Male Adults? A Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo , de Azevedo Franke Rodrigo , Teixeira Bruno C. , Cauduro Oliveira Macedo Rodrigo , Diefenthaeler Fernando , Baroni Bruno M. , Vaz Marco Aurélio 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Rodrigues, R, Franke, RA, Teixeira, BC, Macedo, RCO, Diefenthaeler, F, Baroni, BM, and Vaz, MA. Can the combination of acute alcohol intake and one night of sleep deprivation affect neuromuscular performance in healthy male adults? A cross-over randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1244–1251, 2019—The aim of this work was to perform a cross-over study to compare isolated and combined effects of alcohol intake and sleep deprivation on neuromuscular responses. Ten young and physically active male subjects were allocated to 4 conditions: (a) placebo intake + normal sleep (PLA + SLE); (b) alcohol intake + normal sleep (ALC + SLE); (c) placebo intake + sleep deprivation (PLA + SDP); and (d) alcohol intake + sleep deprivation (ALC + SDP). In each condition, volunteers ingested 1 g of alcohol per kg of body mass of alcoholic beer or nonalcoholic beer (placebo), followed by one night of normal sleep or sleep deprivation. In the next morning, neuromuscular performance (knee extensor isometric and concentric peak torque and time to task failure during the endurance test) and muscle activation were assessed. No differences were observed in the neuromuscular performance. We observed a significant reduction in quadriceps activation during the knee extensor isometric test in ALC + SDP compared with PLA + SLE (−20.8%; p = 0.02; d = 0.56). Our results demonstrated that acute alcohol intake and one night of sleep deprivation reduced quadriceps muscle activation without impact on neuromuscular performance.
Genotypic Frequencies at Equilibrium for Polysomic Inheritance Under Double-Reduction
Authors: Huang Kang , Wang Tongcheng , Dunn Derek W , Zhang Pei , Cao Xiaoxiao , Liu Rucong , Li Baoguo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPolyploids are organisms whose genomes consist of more than two complete sets of chromosomes. Both autopolyploids and allopolyploids may display polysomic inheritance. A peculiarity of polysomic inheritance is multivalent formation during meiosis resulting in double-reduction, which occurs when sister chromatid fragments segregate into the same gamete. Double-reduction can result in gametes carrying identical-by-descent alleles and slightly increasing homozygosity. This will cause the genotypic frequencies to deviate from expected values and will thus bias the results of standard population genetic analytical methods used in molecular ecology and selective breeding. In this study, we extend existing double-reduction models to account for any even level of ploidy, and derive the symbolic expressions for genotypic frequencies via two methods. Inbreeding coefficients and heterozygosity under double-reduction and inbreeding are also calculated. Numerical solutions obtained by computer simulations are compared with analytical solutions predicted by the model to validate the model.
O ATIVISMO JUDICIAL NA JUSTIÇA ELEITORAL: ANÁLISE DE CASOS E MECANISMOS DE LEGITIMAÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA
Authors: Pereira Brenda De Quadros , Migliavacca Carolina Moraes 
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo científicoestuda o fenômeno do ativismo judicial na Justiça Eleitoral brasileira, explanando a origem, a estrutura e as funções dessa Justiça especializada e o desenvolvimento da atuação ativista judicial, bem como suas concepções negativas e positivas, conforme doutrina nacional. Aborda as críticas à conduta ativista e, em contraponto, os argumentos que fundamentam sua aplicação, visando promover a democracia participativa e fortalecer a república. Por meio de estudos de casos, demonstra-se que as vicissitudes da Justiça Eleitoral brasileira justificam a atitude proativa dos magistrados. Assim, esse comportamento recebe especial contorno normativo. Ao final, insere-se a proposta dos mecanismos de legitimação democrática, a fim de garantir transparência e pluralidade ao fenômeno.
TRIBUTAÇÃO DIGITAL: ANÁLISE SOBRE A INCIDÊNCIA DE ICMS E ISSQN NA TECNOLOGIA STREAMING
Authors: Inda Eduardo David , Ibañez André Pedreira 
Published: March 2019

O Streaming assumiu um grande espaço na economia e também na vidasocial dos brasileiros a partir da segunda década do século XXI, consistindo em uma das novas formas de consumo de material digital. À vista desse fenômeno, este artigo visa investigar a natureza da nova tecnologia, a fim de verificar a possibilidade de sua incidência no Imposto Sobre Circulação de Mercadoria e Serviço (ICMS) e/ou no Imposto Sobre Serviços de Qualquer Natureza (ISSQN). Aponta o entendimento que dispõe a doutrina sobre os impostos mencionados, a fim de verificar se as hipóteses de incidência de ambos se aplicam na tecnologia streaming. Assim, igualmente analisa o funcionamento do streaming, até sua chegada ao usuário, além de perquirir sobre os critérios materiais do ICMS – Comunicação e do ISSQN. Adota o método hipotético-dedutivo, bem como o bibliográfico para a pesquisa, procedendo com a comparação dos elementos investigados nadoutrina e jurisprudência, dividida nas fases de levantamento e análise.Conclui que, pela moderna visão dos conceitos de prestação de serviço é possível enquadrar a tecnologia streaming na hipótese de incidência do imposto municipal, bem como, não possibilita a cobrança do imposto, caso adotada a corrente doutrinária que vincula a tributação apenas nas obrigações de “fazer”. Igualmente não incide no imposto estadual, por se tratar de um serviço de valor adicionado.
A PROTEÇÃO OFERECIDA PELO SISTEMA DE PROPRIEDADE INDUSTRIAL AO TRADE DRESS NO BRASIL
Authors: Martins Karoline Pache , Ibañez André Pedreira 
Published: March 2019

Nesse artigo estudar-se-á a proteção oferecida pelo sistema de propriedade industrial ao trade dress no Brasil. O trade dress ou conjunto-imagem é a roupagem com a qual o produto ou o estabelecimento se apresenta ao mercado. Tal instituto, embora já não seja novidade em outros países como os Estados Unidos, não possui proteção legal no Brasil, tampouco é reconhecido por lei. Contudo, é um tema atual e que vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado pelos agentes econômicos para captar clientela e, portanto, possui alto valor. Daí a importância de se encontrar proteção a este instituto que vem sendo violado por concorrentes. Concluiu-se com a pesquisa deste trabalho que a doutrina vem reconhecendo a possibilidade de se conferir a proteção ao instituto caso comprovada a existência de atos de concorrência desleal, com base na convenção da união de Paris e no que dispõe a lei de propriedade industrial acerca do sistema de concorrência desleal. Verificou-se, portanto, que a ausência de previsão e proteção legalé de um lado um problema, e de outro uma liberdade, porque não limitaas formas de trade dress que poderão surgir.
Şanlıurfa Yöresi Asitli Hastaların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: UYANIKOĞLU Ahmet , DURSUN Hüseyin , CİNDOĞLU Çiğdem , UYANIKOĞLU Hacer , YENİCE Necati 
Published: March 2019

Giriş ve Amaç: Asit tetkik nedeniyle takip edilen hastaların
demografik, klinik, laboratuvar ve etiyolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması
amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya Ocak 2013- Ekim 2014 döneminde ilk defa asit
tespit edilen veya daha önce tanı konulan, dosyalarında yeterli veri bulunan
hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular: Gastroenteroloji kliniğine asit tetkik nedeni ile yatırılan veya
takip edilen 142 hastanın 65’i (%46) erkek, yaş ortalaması 58.4±16 yaş
(dağılım 16-89) idi. Hastaların 114’ünde (%80) portal asit, 28’inde (%20) non portal
asit saptandı. Tüm asit nedenlerinde (%68) ve portal tip asitte (%85) en sık
neden karaciğer sirozu idi. Sirotik hastalardan 3 tanesinde hepatosellüler
kanser, 1 tanesinde B hücreli lenfoma saptandı. Diğer portal tip asit nedenleri; 4
kardiyojenik, 4 kronik böbrek yetmezliği, 3 hasta Budd-Chiari, 2 kısa barsak
sendromuna bağlı hipoalbüminemi, 1 portal tromboz, 1 hipotroidi, olarak
saptandı. Non portal tip asit nedenleri ise 10 hastada (%7) primeri belli
olmayan peritoneal karsinomatoz, 6 (%4) over kanseri, 5 (%3) tüberküloz
peritonit, 2 mide kanseri, birer hastada periampüller kanser, kist hidatik
rüptürü, endometrium kanseri, nefrotik sendrom ve ameliyat sonrası safra kaçağına
bağlı asit idi. Sonuç:
Asitli hastaların yaklaşık %80’i portal hipertansif tip asit olup tüm asit
nedenleri ve portal hipertansif asitte en sık neden siroz olarak bulundu. Non portal
asitte en sık neden malignite olup hastaların yaklaşık üçte ikisinden sorumlu,
ikinci en sık neden ise tüberküloz peritonit idi.
Perceptibilidade e aceitabilidade da diferença de cor em restaurações odontológicas estéticas por pacientes
Authors: Oliveira Dayane Carvalho Ramos Salles de , Silva Maria Eduarda Gomes Ferreira da , Bento Tuane Cristina da Silva , Kawakami Daniel , Júnior João Carlos Leme , Lara Lucas Moreira , Rocha Mateus Garcia 
Published: March 2019

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a percepção e a aceitabilidade da diferença de cor em restaurações odontológicas estéticas por cirurgiões-dentistas e pacientes e, sua correlação numérica com dados de alteração de cor. Para tanto, cirurgiões-dentistas e pacientes da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba foram recrutados afim de selecionar 20 voluntários. Diferentes combinações de restaurações cerâmicas foram montadas e utilizadas para a análise de perceptibilidade e aceitabilidade. Os voluntários selecionados para participar deste estudo foram entrevistados para verificar a existência de diferença de cor entre as restaurações apresentadas (perceptibilidade) e se esta era considerada aceitável clinicamente (aceitabilidade). As diferenças de cor entre as restaurações utilizadas no estudo foram numericamente medidas por espectrofotometria e, calculadas através da formula CIEDE2000 (DE00). A correlação entre os dados numéricos de alteração de cor e a perceptibilidade e a aceitabilidade de diferença de cor pelos voluntários foram analisadas por regressão logística. A alteração de cor pode ser percebida de forma similar por pacientes e cirurgiões-dentistas, sendo essa a partir de DE00=2,27 e DE00= 2,29, respectivamente. Entretanto, a alteração de cor aceitada pelos pacientes foi até DE00=2,83, enquanto que pelos cirurgiões-dentistas até DE00=2,41. Dessa forma, foi possível concluir que existe diferença entre a perceptibilidade e a aceitabilidade da diferença de cor.
Engineered Vesicles for the Controlled Release of Chemical Additives and Application for Enhanced Oil Well Cement Integrity
Authors: Contreras Elizabeth Q. , Johnson Kenneth D. , Rasner Diana , Thaemlitz Carl J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Encapsulation-based systems are of interest in the oil and gas industry in applications such as chemical additive preservation, small molecule release, particle delivery, and self-sealing materials. Many methods are used to encapsulate relevant chemical additives for the controlled release of contents like polymeric vesicles, inorganic shells, and mesoporous materials. Here a novel system for the controlled release of encapsulated cargo that utilizes engineered features of permeable polymeric shell walls is shown.
When placing cement, a multitude of additives in large quantities are needed to meet a variety of functional needs that are suitable for the many diverse wellbore conditions. However, using large amounts of certain additives could have adverse effects which can destabilize the slurry at surface conditions. Using vesicles, cement additives are delivered without requiring modification. In this way, the possibilities of formulations comprised of a number of vesicles with various encapsulants lends to significant advancements in cementing. Applications in cement design is demonstrated from measurements obtained using the consistometer as well as testing from oilfield equipment.
Experimental results show that a basic cement slurry design responds to the release of an encapsulant by the measure of change in viscosity and thickening times at two different temperatures at 3,000 psi. For example, the thickening time of a slurry can be controlled with the delayed release of an accelerant, at ambient pressure. With an increase in temperature up to 100 °F and 300 °F, the encapsulated additive is squeezed at a higher diffusion rate, resulting in a faster thickening time. In all cases, the vesicles are observed to remain intact within the set cement and contribute significantly to the mechanical properties of set cement. Vesicle dual performance stems from unique characteristics, such as an aqueous core, wall thickness and permeability, chemical composition, and mechanical integrity of the shell wall. Here, the shell walls are engineered with high molecular weight polymeric material that upon release of the encapsulated chemical additives, the emptied vesicles continue to impart beneficial mechanical properties to the set cement, such as compression strength.
Characterization of Type and Maturity of Organic Matter in Source Rock by In-situ Electrical Heating and Temperature Transient Analysis
Authors: Lee Kyung Jae 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Reliable estimation of organic matter characteristics is essential in drilling decisions, source rock evaluation, and unconventional reservoir production. Their measurement is based on experiments after core sampling, which is time-consuming and economically challenging. In this study, we present a new approach to evaluate the characteristics of organic matter in source and reservoir rocks by in-situ electrical heating and temperature transient analysis under in-situ conditions.
The new approach is based on inverse modeling, which monitors in-situ heater temperature during electrical heating and machine learning technologies. Thermal method of electrical heating is applied for the in-situ pyrolysis, to figure out the characteristics of organic matter—kerogen volume fraction and activation energy of decomposition reaction. The heater temperature acts as an indicator of type and maturity of kerogen, since it is affected by the bulk thermal conductivity of formation, which is a function of dynamically changing rock-and-pore composition by kerogen decomposition. A full-physics simulation model of in-situ kerogen pyrolysis is used to generate output data of electrical heater temperature, which is the input data of learning-based models. Minimal simplification of physical and chemical phenomena in the full-physics simulation model, which describes the multicomponent-multiphase-nonisothermal systems involving kinetic reactions, gives the confidence of synthetic output data of heater temperature.
Full-physics simulation model computes system responses under unknown and uncertain input parameters, which determine the reactivity of kerogen pyrolysis. The full-physics simulation model generates the sets of heater temperature transient data while heating with constant heat flux, in the 300 different simulated source rocks containing Types 1, 2, and 3 kerogens with various organic matter content and activation energies. Based on the set of heater temperature transient data as input parameters, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is employed to generate a black box model to estimate the unknown organic matter content and activation energy. Developed ANN data-driven model shows better performance in estimating unknown parameters, in Types 2 and 3 kerogens with wide ranges of activation energies than Type 1 kerogen with a narrow range of activation energy. Support Vector Machines (SVM) method, which categorizes data into multiple classes by using hyperplanes, is applied to classify the heater temperature transient data into different types of kerogens and shows good performance in classification.
The new characterization technology of in-situ organic matter in source rocks presented in this study provides reliable information of types and maturity of organic matter, without experiments after core sampling. It is expected to enable the realistic evaluation of source rocks under subsurface conditions, by resolving technical and economic challenges.
Development of Scale Squeeze Enhancement Technology via Application of Metal Nanoparticles Coupled with Polymer Scale Inhibitors
Authors: Guraieb Paula , Tomson Ross , Littlehales Ian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Polymeric scale inhibitors used for scale squeeze treatments to control downhole inorganic scale don't perform well when pumped into the reservoir due to the poor adsorption properties on the rock surface. However polymeric inhibitors are more temperature stable than phosphonates and have higher tolerance to elevated cation compositions in the water. Therefore, a new chemistry composed of metal nanoparticles coupled with a polymeric scale inhibitor was developed to improve the squeeze life.
The use of nanoparticles in the oilfield has increased in recent years; this development shows how nanoparticles can be used to increased surface area and retention of scale inhibitor in the reservoir. Metal nanoparticles were selected because of their low environmental toxicity and low formation damage potential during injection and flowback.
A fast and efficient synthesis method was developed to create a novel chemistry that couples nanoparticles with polymeric inhibitors to produce a product that it was hoped would have excellent squeeze properties in multiple rock permeabilities and compositions.
Core flood experiments were conducted on intact core under onshore Permian conditions of temperature pressure and brine composition as well as conditions simulating an offshore conventional field (results will be reported separately). The experimental results will be presented to show the extended squeeze lifetime of the new product in comparison to a traditional polymeric scale inhibitor retained by adsorption and also will give insight into the mechanisms by which the nanoparticle/scale inhibitor enhances squeeze life, both by increased adsorption as well as prolonging release of scale inhibitor.
The product developed is able to significantly increase the squeeze life of polymeric scale inhibitors by up to 10x depending on the minimum inhibitor concentration required. The retention of the inhibitor into the rock is significantly increased, while the release is controlled at above minimum effective concentration for extended periods. The theoretic explanation for this is a metal-inhibitor bond, proprietary to the product that allows for continuous release of inhibitor into the solution, without release from the rock. Traditional squeeze returns have a Freundlich isotherm, this product also follows a similar return curve, however does not suffer from the high concentration release at the beginning of the treatment flowback.
These results show that nanoparticles can be used in the oilfield to enhance existing scale inhibitors as well as create new combination products that can improve performance. Use on nanoparticles in the oilfield is an evolving topic that has significant room to grow and expand into multiple areas of oilfield chemistry. This study showcases the application of nanoparticles to enhance performance of polymeric scale inhibitors for squeeze application while maintaining a cost effective product that is environmental responsible.
Performance Comparison of Novel Chemical Agents in Improving Oil Recovery from Tight Sands Through Spontaneous Imbibition
Authors: Huang Hai , Babadagli Tayfun , Chen Xin , Li Huazhou 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Tight sands are abundant in nanopores leading to a high capillary pressure and normally a low fluid injectivity. As such, spontaneous imbibition might be an effective mechanism for improving oil recovery from tight sands after fracturing. The chemical agents added to the injected water can alter the interfacial properties, which could help further enhance the oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition. This study explores the possibility of using novel chemicals to enhance oil recovery from tight sands via spontaneous imbibition. We experimentally examine the effects of more than ten different chemical agents on spontaneous imbibition, including a cationic surfactant (C12TAB), two anionic surfactants (O242 and O342), an ionic liquid (BMMIM BF4), a high pH solution (NaBO2), and a series of house-made deep eutectic solvents (DES3-7, 9, 11 and 14). Experimental results indicate that the ionic liquid and cationic surfactant used in this study are detrimental to spontaneous imbibition and decrease the oil recovery from tight sands. The high pH NaBO2 solution does not demonstrate significant effect on improving oil recovery, even though it significantly reduces oil-water interfacial tension (IFT). The anionic surfactants (O242 and O342) are effective in enhancing oil recovery from tight sands through oil-water IFT reduction and emulsification effects. The DESs drive the rock surface to be more water-wet and a specific formulation (DES9) leads to much improvement on oil recovery under counter-current imbibition condition. This preliminary study would provide some knowledge about how to optimize the selection of chemicals for improving oil recovery from tight reservoirs.