bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the surface microstructure evolution of silicone rubber during corona discharge via slow positron beam and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Zheng , Li Jingjing , Zhou Yuming , Zhang Ni , He Chunqing , Peng Xiangyang , Huang Zhen , Cao Xingzhong , Wang Baoyi , Fang Pengfei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSilicone rubber is the outer dielectric material of the composite insulator used in high‐voltage transmission lines. A study of the microstructure evolution during corona discharge could provide a new understanding of catastrophic fracture in composite insulators. In this paper, the corona degradation process of silicone rubber is divided into three stages based on the data obtained by slow positron beam and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In stage I, the parameter decreases slightly in the low‐energy range, suggesting a crosslinking process in the polymeric “skin,” and the silicone rubber holds its high value of resistance, . In stage II, the organic sample surface is gradually transformed into an inorganic one. Further cracking of the surface layer contributes to a dramatic increase in the sample porosity. At the beginning of water immersion, the Bode phase angle remains approximately at low frequency, and a diffusion‐dependent Warburg impedance is observed. In stage III, a massive number of polar groups and inorganic particles are generated and the sample fails to repel water. The increase in the sample porosity is the main factor that leads to an ingress of water and failure of the material, while the generated polar groups are the secondary factor.
Lung function in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Attanasi Marina , Lucantoni Marta , Rapino Daniele , Petrosino Marianna I. , Marsili Manuela , Gasparroni Giorgia , Di Filippo Paola , Di Pillo Sabrina , Chiarelli Francesco , Breda Luciana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimWe measured respiratory parameters in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) without clinical signs of respiratory involvement and assessed the influence of methotrexate (MTX) treatment and disease activity on lung function.MethodsIn 49 JIA children and 70 controls lung volumes by spirometry and body plethysmography, and lung diffusion for carbon monoxide (DLCO) with single‐breath technique were evaluated.ResultsDLCO was significantly different between JIA children and controls (P = .01), whereas no differences were found in flow expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV
1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC (FEF
25‐75), peak expiratory flow, total lung capacity, and residual volume. After dividing study JIA patients according to MTX treatment, a significant difference in DLCO was found among JIA patients treated with MTX and those treated with other drugs and controls (P < .001). A significant difference in DLCO was also found among JIA patients with active disease and those with inactive disease and controls (P = .003). Analysis of covariance showed a weak independent effect of MTX therapy on DLCO after adjusting for sex and height (P = .04). Furthermore, a negative correlation of DLCO with MTX cumulative dose and MTX treatment duration (r = −.58, P = .006; r = −.68, P = .001, respectively) was found, whereas there was no correlation between DLCO and disease activity (r = −.10; P = .51).ConclusionsIn JIA children MTX treatment seems to have a dose‐dependent effect on lung function. For this reason in these patients, a regular assessment of lung function, especially with DLCO evaluation, is recommended.
Squared‐down passivity–based state synchronization of homogeneous continuous‐time multiagent systems via static protocol in the presence of time‐varying topology
Authors: Liu Zhenwei , Stoorvogel Anton A. , Saberi Ali , Nojavanzadeh Donya 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper studies state synchronization of homogeneous multiagent systems (MAS) via a static protocol with partial‐state coupling in the presence of a time‐varying communication topology, which includes general time‐varying graphs as well as switching graphs. If the agents are squared‐down passive or squared‐down passifiable (via static output feedback or static input feedforward), then a static protocol can be designed for balanced, time‐varying graphs. Moreover, this static protocol works for arbitrary switching directed graphs if the agents are squared‐down minimum phase with relative degree one. The static protocol is designed for each agent such that state synchronization is achieved without requiring exact knowledge about the time‐varying network.
Concise Review: Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke Patients: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Borlongan Cesario V. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Four decades of preclinical research demonstrating survival, functional integration, and behavioral effects of transplanted stem cells in experimental stroke models have provided ample scientific basis for initiating limited clinical trials of stem cell therapy in stroke patients. Although safety of the grafted cells has been overwhelmingly documented, efficacy has not been forthcoming. Two recently concluded stroke clinical trials on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) highlight the importance of strict adherence to the basic science findings of optimal transplant regimen of cell dose, timing, and route of delivery in enhancing the functional outcomes of cell therapy. Echoing the Stem Cell Therapeutics as an Emerging Paradigm for Stroke and Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable call for an NIH-guided collaborative consortium of multiple laboratories in testing the safety and efficacy of stem cells and their derivatives, not just as stand-alone but preferably in combination with approved thrombolytic or thrombectomy, may further increase the likelihood of successful fruition of translating stem cell therapy for stroke clinical application. The laboratory and clinical experience with MSC therapy for stroke may guide the future translational research on stem cell-based regenerative medicine in neurological disorders. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:983–988
Determinants of sustainable development: Evidence from 12 Asian countries
Authors: Koirala Bishwa S. , Pradhan Gyan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study examines the factors that determine sustainable development, measured by adjusted net saving, using panel data for 12 Asian countries for the 1990–2014 period. A panel data model is estimated using both random‐effect and fixed‐effect approaches. The Hausman test points to the superiority of the random‐effect model over the fixed‐effect model, which is apparent when the results of the two estimations are compared. The results of the random‐effect estimation show a more significant and better overall fit. These results indicate a positive and significant effect of per capita income and financial development on sustainable development and a negative and significant effect of the inflation rate, natural resource rent, and time. The results suggest that maintaining a proper natural resource balance is necessary for sustainable development.
Structures of Complexes of Gossypol with Ferrous Sulfate Based on High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Separation, Spectroscopic Analysis, and PM3 calculations
Authors: Zhang Jian , Ran Han , Xiong Wei , Yang Tianyi , Mei Yunjun , He Dongping , Liu Ye , Cheng Qunpeng , Li Shenglan , Song Guangsen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe complexes of gossypol with Fe2+ were prepared by using methanol as solvent in the presence of CO2 atmosphere. The results from FT‐IR spectra analysis indicated that the aromatic aldehyde groups in gossypol molecules were entirely involved in coordination with Fe2+. UV‐Vis absorption spectrum of the complexes in methanol solution displays blue‐shift in comparison with that of gossypol. Five compounds from the complexes were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the complexes are consistent with PM3 calculations. Two compounds were formed by coordination of gossypol with Fe2+ at 1:2 molar ratio, other three compounds were formed by chelation of gossypol with Fe2+ at molar ratio by 1:1, 1:3, and 1:4 respectively.
g‐C3N4/Cu3P/UiO‐66 Ternary Composites for Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Pu Junnan , Jin Zhiliang , Cheng Yan , Yuan Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe synergistic composite g‐C3N4/Cu3P/UiO‐66 with a uniform three‐dimensional (3D) cubic structure distribution was synthesized by hydrothermal method. The larger spherical particles (UiO‐66) uniformly distributed on the g‐C3N4 flaky nanomaterial and the specific surface area of CNCU‐3 reaches an astonishing 1002.08 (m2/g), which is 23 times than that of the base material g‐C3N4. As a result of that, the addition of CU3P and MOF can effectively improve charge transfer and separation, and improve the hydrogen production activity of photocatalysts. The photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4/Cu3P/UiO‐66 ternary composite was significantly better than that of monomer g‐C3N4, binary g‐C3N4/Cu3P and g‐C3N4/UiO‐66, especially, the introduction of UiO‐66 significantly increased hydrogen production, and the maximum hydrogen production reach 79 μmol in five hours. Moreover, XRD, SEM, TEM, PL, UV‐vis, XPS prove that Cu3P effectively conduct electrons to promote electron transfer and UiO‐66 provide large specific surface area. The synergistic effect of the these factors plays a key role in photocatalytic activity.
A Computational Investigation of Unconventional Lone‐Pair Hole Interactions of Group V–VIII Elements
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Telb Ebtisam M. Z. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFor the first time, unconventional lone‐pair (lp) hole interactions were uncovered in chalcogen⋅⋅⋅, halogen⋅⋅⋅, and aerogen⋅⋅⋅Lewis base complexes. An lp‐W‐XYZ⋅⋅⋅B nomenclature was proposed to describe the lp‐hole interaction, where W is the Group V‐VIII element, XYZ are three atoms on the same side of the lp‐hole and B is a Lewis base. Point‐of‐Charge (PoC) approach was adopted to investigate the characteristics of lp‐hole interactions from an electrostatic perspective. Results showed: (i) the occurrence of lp‐holes in the pnicogen‐, chalcogen‐, halogen‐, and aerogen‐containing molecules, (ii) that strength of the lp‐hole interaction increases with increasing negativity of the Lewis basicity, and (iii) the more electronegative XYZ atoms are the lower the favorable interaction energy. The key role of Lewis basicity in orienting the geometrical structure of molecules containing Group V‐VIII elements was reported for the first time.
Glycerol: A Benign Solvent‐Assisted Metal‐Free One‐Pot Multi‐Component Synthesis of 4H‐Thiopyran and Thioamides from Easily Accessible Precursors
Authors: Mitra Bijeta , Pariyar Gyan Chandra , Ghosh Pranab 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlycerol, a green, bio‐degradable, benign solvent has been recognized to act as a highly efficient medium for the catalyst free synthesis of a vast range of highly functionalized thioamide by modified Willgerodt‐Kindler Reaction and 4H‐thiopyran via one‐pot multi‐component synthesis from easily accessible precursors. These protocols avoid hardnosed reaction conditions and proceed without any metal catalyst or toxic acid or solvent. In addition, these protocols have numerous advantages such as shorter reaction time, high yield and excellent functional group tolerance. Further the solvent can be recovered and reused at the end of the reaction which makes this methodology inexpensive, greener and environmentally safe protocol.
Adverse childhood experiences and neuroinflammatory biomarkers—The role of sex
Authors: Kim Seoyoun , Watt Toni , Ceballos Natalie , Sharma Shobhit 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite the growing interest in adverse childhood experiences and biomarkers, less attention has been paid to multiple biomarkers as representing interrelated systems among college students. Guided by the neuroinflammatory pathway hypothesis, the current project takes the initial step in examining the link between three types of childhood adversity and biomarkers of neuroplasticity (brain‐derived neurotropic factor [BDNF]) and low‐grade inflammation (C‐reactive protein [CRP]) in an overarching model and whether this link may differ in men and women. Undergraduate students (n = 85) were recruited through multiple departments from a state university. The participants responded to the detailed online survey questionnaire on childhood adversity and provided one blood sample via venous blood draw. Given that CRP and BDNF represent two interrelated systems, structural equation models were considered the most suitable for the analyses. The findings partially support neural and inflammatory pathways, such that childhood adversity and particularly family dysfunction have a significant positive effect on BDNF (b = 30.41, p < .01). The link between family dysfunction and CRP was stronger in female students (b = 0.57, p < .05). Results suggest that interventions for college students with family dysfunctions may need to target different physiological and behavioral outcomes for male and female students.
Neonatal pain detection in videos using the iCOPEvid dataset and an ensemble of descriptors extracted from Gaussian of Local Descriptors
Authors: Brahnam Sheryl , Nanni Loris , McMurtrey Shannon , Lumini Alessandra , Brattin Rick , Slack Melinda , Barrier Tonya 
Published: May 2019

Diagnosing pain in neonates is difficult but critical. Although approximately thirty manual pain instruments have been developed for neonatal pain diagnosis, most are complex, multifactorial, and geared toward research. The goals of this work are twofold: 1) to develop a new video dataset for automatic neonatal pain detection called iCOPEvid (infant Classification Of Pain Expressions videos), and 2) to present a classification system that sets a challenging comparison performance on this dataset. The iCOPEvid dataset contains 234 videos of 49 neonates experiencing a set of noxious stimuli, a period of rest, and an acute pain stimulus. From these videos 20 s segments are extracted and grouped into two classes: pain (49) and nopain (185), with the nopain video segments handpicked to produce a highly challenging dataset. An ensemble of twelve global and local descriptors with a Bag-of-Features approach is utilized to improve the performance of some new descriptors based on Gaussian of Local Descriptors (GOLD). The basic classifier used in the ensembles is the Support Vector Machine, and decisions are combined by sum rule. These results are compared with standard methods, some deep learning approaches, and 185 human assessments. Our best machine learning methods are shown to outperform the human judges.
Spatial Navigation in Rats and Humans: A Neuropsychological Perspective
Authors: Stuart Ian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and objective:In a landmark publication, O’Keefe & Dostrovsky (1971) presented a model for spatial navigation in the rat, the cognitive map theory. In this theory they proposed that the processing and storage of spatial information for spatial navigation takes place in the hippocampus. The theory was extended to include the contribution of the grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (Hafting et al. 2005). The cognitive map theory has been widely applied to spatial navigation in humans as well as rats. In this paper, an alternative theory is proposed in which spatial processing takes place in the right parieto-temporo-occipital area in humans, and that damage to this area causes a fragmentation in the sense of space, affecting the recall of both visual and tactile spatial information.Method:A group of eight subjects with damage to the right parieto-temporo-occipital area and a fragmented sense of space was assessed on tests of spatial navigation and memory and the results were compared with a group of patients with damage to the right hippocampus. Other comparison groups included left and right hemisphere subjects with normal spatial functioning.Results:The results suggest that, in the human, damage to the right parieto-temporo-occipital area causes a fragmentation in the sense of space, as well as an impaired memory for spatial material in both the visual and tactile modalities. These results support a model of spatial navigation in which the integrity of the right parieto-temporo-occipital area, and not the right hippocampus, is a necessary condition for the processing of spatial information in humans. An alternative explanation for the functioning of the right hippocampus is also presented.
Bouncing phase variations in pilot-wave hydrodynamics and the stability of droplet pairs
Authors: Couchman Miles M. P. , Turton Sam E. , Bush John W. M. 
Published: May 2019

We present the results of an integrated experimental and theoretical investigation of the vertical motion of millimetric droplets bouncing on a vibrating fluid bath. We characterize experimentally the dependence of the phase of impact and contact force between a drop and the bath on the drop’s size and the bath’s vibrational acceleration. This characterization guides the development of a new theoretical model for the coupling between a drop’s vertical and horizontal motion. Our model allows us to relax the assumption of constant impact phase made in models based on the time-averaged trajectory equation of Moláček and Bush (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 727, 2013b, pp. 612–647) and obtain a robust horizontal trajectory equation for a bouncing drop that accounts for modulations in the drop’s vertical dynamics as may arise when it interacts with boundaries or other drops. We demonstrate that such modulations have a critical influence on the stability and dynamics of interacting droplet pairs. As the bath’s vibrational acceleration is increased progressively, initially stationary pairs destabilize into a variety of dynamical states including rectilinear oscillations, circular orbits and side-by-side promenading motion. The theoretical predictions of our variable-impact-phase model rationalize our observations and underscore the critical importance of accounting for variability in the vertical motion when modelling droplet–droplet interactions.
Karakoram geodetic glacier mass balances between 2008 and 2016: persistence of the anomaly and influence of a large rock avalanche on Siachen Glacier
Authors: BERTHIER ETIENNE , BRUN FANNY 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTKarakoram glaciers experienced balanced or slightly positive mass budgets since at least the 1970s. Here, we provide an update on the state of balance of Central and Eastern Karakoram glaciers (12 000 km2) between 2008 and 2016 by differencing DEMs derived from satellite optical images. The mass budget of Central Karakoram glaciers was slightly positive (0.12 ± 0.14 m w.e. a−1) while eastern Karakoram glaciers lost mass (−0.24 ± 0.12 m w.e. a−1). The glacier-wide mass balances of surge-type and nonsurge-type glaciers were not statistically different. Our elevation change data also depict the effect of a > 100 Mm3 rock avalanche on Siachen Glacier ablation area in September 2010. It covered a 4 km2 area with a thick debris layer that unexpectedly, led to locally enhanced glacier mass loss during the following years. Enhanced melt opened a > 100 m deep 2 km2 depression and contributed to 6% of the mass loss of Siachen Glacier from 2010 to 2016 (−0.39 m w.e. a−1). We hypothesize that sub- or englacial melt may be responsible for this intriguing behaviour. This study contributes to a better knowledge of the regional pattern of the Karakoram anomaly and of the influence of rock avalanches on glacier mass changes.
The role ofTrichodermaspp. and silica gel in plant defence mechanisms and insect response in vineyard
Authors: Parrilli M. , Sommaggio D. , Tassini C. , Di Marco S. , Osti F. , Ferrari R. , Metruccio E. , Masetti A. , Burgio G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral elicitors, stimulating induced resistance mechanisms, have potential in preventing or mitigating pathogen infections. Some of these compounds, triggering the production of jasmonic acid (JA), a precursor of herbivore-induced plant volatiles, could also play a central role in indirect resistance to pest species, by improving beneficial arthropod performance, and necrotrophic pathogens. In the current work,Trichoderma gamsii/T. asperellumand silica gel treatments – alone and in combination – were studied to evaluate the plant defence mechanism on grapevines (Vitis viniferaL.) by laboratory and field trials. JA production level was measured before and afterPlasmopara viticolainfection on potted vines. JA production induced by silica gel was higher than that caused byTrichodermabefore infection. InTrichoderma-treated plants, JA production increased afterP. viticolainoculation. In vineyard field trials, Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) showed higher captures in transparent sticky traps on silica gel-treated plants, in comparison with control. On the other hand, no significant attraction was detected for Ichneumonoidea and other Chalcidoidea in silica gel andT. gamsii/T. asperellum-treated plants. The potential effects of elicitors are discussed, in the frame of attract and reward strategy.
Katian (Upper Ordovician) carbon isotope chemostratigraphy in the Neixiang area, central China: implications for intercontinental correlation
Authors: Jing Xiuchun , Stouge Svend , Tian Yufeng , Wang Xunlian , Zhou Hongrui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Katian (Upper Ordovician) Shiyanhe Formation at the Sigang section, Neixiang area, Henan Province, central China, has been investigated for carbon isotope (δ13Ccarb) chemostratigraphy. The carbon isotopic data document signal between the two major Ordovician positive shifts in δ13C, the early Katian Guttenberg and the Hirnantian excursions. The Kope (Ka1/2), Fairview (Ka2/3), Waynesville (Ka3/4), Whitewater (Ka4) excursions and a doubtful Elkhorn (Ka4) excursion are identified herein. The continuous and well-defined conodont zonal succession of the Sigang section provides a secure biostratigraphic framework for the mid-late Katian carbon isotope chemostratigraphy in China. Correlation between carbon-isotope data curve and the relative sea-level changes shows no clear correspondence, and hence the sea-level change is probably not the main driver of δ13C excursions during the Katian. Intercontinentally, the mid–late Katian carbon isotope excursions, identified mainly in the North American and Baltoscandian successions, are useful for improving long-distance stratigraphic correlations. This further suggests that these excursions represent global perturbations in the carbon cycle.
Male social class mortality differences around 1981: an extension to include childhood ages
Authors: Bloomfield D. S. F. , Haberman S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to extend the analyses of our earlier work (Haberman & Bloomfield, 1988)by incorporating mortality rates of male children categorised by age and social class. Data recently made available in an annex to the Decennial Occupational Mortality Investigation are utilised to produce graduated mortality rates specific for age and social class and to extend the social class specific life tables down to cover the full age range.