bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leiblichkeit und personale Identität in der Demenz
Authors: Fuchs Thomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTheories of personal identity in the tradition of John Locke and Derek Parfit emphasize the importance of psychological continuity and the abilities to think, to remember and to make rational choices as a basic criterion for personhood. These concepts, however, are situated within a dualistic framework, in which the body is regarded as a mere vehicle of the person, or a carrier of the brain as the organ of mental faculties. Based on the phenomenology of embodiment, this paper elaborates a different approach to personal identity. In this perspective, selfhood is primarily constituted by pre-reflective self-awareness and the body memory of an individual, which consists in the embodiment and enactment of familiar habits, practices and preferences. As can be shown, this understanding of personhood still applies to dementia patients even in the later stages of the disease.
Aufbruch an den Rand der Philosophie
Authors: Thomä Dieter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe recently discovered first draft of Heidegger’sWhat Is Metaphysics?, his Inaugural Lecture in Freiburg from 1929, is published here for the first time. It differs from the version known so far in numerous, philosophically relevant details. The first draft is marked by a fierce attack on “science,” a dramatic invocation of “nothingness,” and a sharp critique of the current state of philosophy or of philosophy as such. An editorial note addresses philological issues concerning the status of this text and its authenticity. An extended commentary situates it within Heidegger’s writings of the period and discusses its preparatory role with regard to his National-Socialist turn. AsWhat Is Metaphysics?– together with Carnap’s response in “Overcoming Metaphysics Through Logical Analysis of Language” – serves as a reference point for the great divide between so-called analytic and so-called continental philosophy, this original version is an opportunity to reassess its premises and limits.
Neuplatonische politische Philosophie in der Rede Περὶ βασιλείας des Synesios von Kyrene
Authors: Schramm Michael 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper argues that Synesios’ De regno is a mirror for princes and a splendid example of Neoplatonic political philosophy. It is based on Plato’s Politeia and its model of philosopher-kingship. Synesios makes his audience compare the current political reality with the ideal of the philosopher-kings, who are the image of the transcendent god in the political realm. In doing so he recommends political virtue in general, especially phronesis and sophrosyne. Particularly he argues for reforming the recruitment of military and civil officials with reference to Plato’s concept of friendship in the Politeia.
Language support competence and language proficiency of early years professionals in monolingual and bilingual settings: Similarities and differences
Authors: Ofner Daniela 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEarly Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) professionals need specific knowledge and abilities to support children’s language development: language support competence (LSC). Research has shown varying levels of LSC of the personnel in early childhood education centers. However, only early childhood educators in monolingual institutions promoting the majority language were included in these studies. The growing interest in bilingual education in early childhood in many European countries raises the question whether ECEC professionals in bilingual institutions are better qualified for language-related tasks due to the evident focus on language and multilingualism. In a cross-sectional study, LSC and language proficiency of 115 ECEC professionals in monolingual and 24 ECEC professionals in bilingual early childhood education centers in Germany were assessed with standardized tests. Participants in bilingual institutions reached higher knowledge scores but did not differ from their colleagues in monolingual institutions in their abilities or language proficiency. Correlational and regression analyses revealed that LSC is related to several personal and professional background factors such as level of education or participation in professional development courses. The results are discussed with respect to language support practices in early childhood education and possible selection processes in personnel recruitment.
Women’s experiences of formula feeding their infants: an interpretative phenomenological study
Authors: Sze Kin Yan , Chan Zenobia Chung Yee , Chiang Vico Chung Lim 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to explore the experiences of women in the process of formula feeding their infants. The World Health Organization has emphasized the importance of breastfeeding for infant health. After decades of breastfeeding promotions, breastfeeding rates in Hong Kong have been rising consistently; however, the low continuation rate is alarming. This study explores women’s experiences with formula feeding their infants, including factors affecting their decision to do so.

Methods
A qualitative approach using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was adopted as the study design. Data were collected from 2014 to 2015 through individual in-depth unstructured interviews with 16 women, conducted between 3 and 12 months after the birth of their infant. Data were analyzed using IPA.

Results
Three main themes emerged as follows: (1) self-struggle, with the subthemes of feeling like a milk cow and feeling trapped; (2) family conflict, with the subtheme of sharing the spotlight; and (3) interpersonal tensions, with the subthemes of embarrassment, staring, and innocence. Many mothers suffered various stressors and frustrations during breastfeeding. These findings suggest a number of pertinent areas that need to be considered in preparing an infant feeding campaign.

Conclusions
The findings of this study reinforce our knowledge of women’s struggles with multiple sources of pressure, such as career demands, childcare demands, and family life after giving birth. All mothers should be given assistance in making informed decisions about the optimal approach to feeding their babies given their individual situation and be provided with support to pursue their chosen feeding method.
The Meaning, Causes, and Possible Results of the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Sanders Elizabeth 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Donald Trump owes his election to post-1972 changes in party institutions and economic developments that were largely the result of presidential policies supported by both parties. Political scientists and pundits who relied on survey data and assumptions about motives and character of Trump supporters failed to understand the deep causes of the 2016 election outcome, and to inform the public and party leaders about strategic and coalition options for the future. Focusing on expressive protest and labeling are probably antithetical to party reorganization leading to genuine reform and reduction in inequality.
Global integrability for solutions to some anisotropic problem with nonstandard growth
Authors: Gao Hongya , Jia Miaomiao 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper deals with the problem

u
∈

𝒦

u
*

,
ψ

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

\displaystyle u\in{\cal K}_{u_{*},\psi}(\Omega),

∀
v

∈

𝒦

u
*

,
ψ

⁢

(
Ω
)

:

∫
Ω

∑

i
=
1

n

[

a
i

⁢

(
x
,

D
⁢
u

)

-

f
i

]

⁢

D
i

⁢

(

u
-
v

)

⁢
d
⁢
x

⩽

∫
Ω

f
⁢

(

u
-
v

)

⁢

𝑑
x

,

\displaystyle\forall v\in{\cal K}_{u_{*},\psi}(\Omega):\int_{\Omega}\sum_{i=1}%
^{n}[a_{i}(x,Du)-f^{i}]D_{i}(u-v)\,dx\leqslant\int_{\Omega}f(u-v)\,dx,

where

{

𝒦

u
*

,
ψ

⁢

(
Ω
)

=

{

v
∈

u
*

+

W
0

1
,

(

p
i

)

⁢

(
Ω
)

:

∑

i
=
1

n

a
i

⁢

(
x
,

D
⁢
u

)

⁢

D
i

⁢
v

∈

L
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

⁢
and
⁢
v

⩾
ψ

,

a.e.
⁢
Ω

}

,

u
*

∈

W

1
,

(

p
i

)

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

θ
=

max
⁡

{

u
*

,
ψ
}

∈

u
*

+

W
0

1
,

(

p
i

)

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

f
∈

L

(

p
¯

*

)

′

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

f
i

∈

L

p
i
′

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

i
=

1
,
…
,
n

,

\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle{\cal K}_{u_{*},\psi}(\Omega)=\biggl{\{}v%
\in u_{*}+W_{0}^{1,(p_{i})}(\Omega):\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}(x,Du)D_{i}v\in L^{1}(%
\Omega)\text{ and }v\geqslant\psi,\text{ a.e. }\Omega\biggr{\}},\\
&\displaystyle u_{*}\in W^{1,(p_{i})}(\Omega),\quad\theta=\max\{u_{*},\psi\}%
\in u_{*}+W_{0}^{1,(p_{i})}(\Omega),\\
&\displaystyle f\in L^{(\bar{p}^{*})^{\prime}}(\Omega),\quad f^{i}\in L^{p_{i}%
^{\prime}}(\Omega),\,i=1,\dots,n,\end{aligned}\right.

and the Carathéodory functions

a
i

:

Ω
×

ℝ
n

→
ℝ

{a_{i}:\Omega\times{\mathbb{R}}^{n}\to{\mathbb{R}}}

,

i
=

1
,
…
,
n

{i=1,\dots,n}

, satisfy some coercivity condition.
We assume that the function

θ
=

max
⁡

{

u
*

,
ψ
}

{\theta=\max\{u_{*},\psi\}}

makes

a
i

⁢

(
x
,

D
⁢
θ

)

{a_{i}(x,D\theta)}

to be more integrable than

L

p
i
′

⁢

(
Ω
)

{L^{p_{i}^{\prime}}(\Omega)}

,

i
=

1
,
…
,
n

{i=1,\dots,n}

, and then we prove that the solution u enjoys higher integrability.
Decoupling of Dual-band Closely Spaced MIMO Antennas Based on Novel Coupled Resonator Structure
Authors: Zou XiaoJun , Wang GuangMing , Wang YaWei , Zong BinFeng 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A pair of dual-band closely spaced MIMO monopole antenna array working at WLAN 2.45/5.25GHz with a dual-band coupled resonator structure for decoupling is proposed, the edge-to-edge distance of which is 0.0735
${^{\lambda _0}}$ at 2.45GHz and 0.1575
${^{\lambda _0}}$ at 5.25GHz. Simulation and measurement on coupled antennas and decoupled antennas indicate that mutual coupling reductions of 24.52dB and 26.57dB at two frequencies are achieved. With good impedance matching, improved total efficiency and increased channel capacity, the proposed structure owns good applicability, compact size and effective decoupling capability, and is promising in the application of wireless terminal MIMO system.
Permian A-type rhyolites of the Muráň Nappe, Inner Western Carpathians, Slovakia: in-situ zircon U–Pb SIMS ages and tectonic setting
Authors: Ondrejka Martin , Li Xian-Hua , Vojtko Rastislav , Putis Marian , Uher Pavel , Sobocký Tomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThree representative A-type rhyolitic rock samples from the Muráň Nappe of the inferred Silicic Unit of the Inner Western Carpathians (Slovakia) were dated using the high-precision SIMS U–Pb isotope technique on zircons. The geochronological data presented in this paper is the first in-situ isotopic dating of these volcanic rocks. Oscillatory zoned zircon crystals mostly revealed concordant Permian (Guadalupian) ages: 266.6 ± 2.4 Ma in Tisovec-Rejkovo (TIS-1), 263.3 ± 1.9 Ma in Telgárt-Gregová Hill (TEL-1) and 269.5 ± 1.8 Ma in Veľká Stožka-Dudlavka (SD-2) rhyolites. The results indicate that the formation of A-type rhyolites and their plutonic equivalents are connected to magmatic activity during the Permian extensional tectonics and most likely related to the Pangea supercontinent break-up.
Calcareous nannofossil and ammonite integrated biostratigraphy across the Jurassic – Cretaceous boundary strata of the Kopanitsa composite section (West Srednogorie Unit, southwest Bulgaria)
Authors: Stoykova Kristalina , Idakieva Vyara , Ivanov Marin , Reháková Daniela 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCalcareous nannofossil, calpionellid and ammonite occurrences have been directly constrained across the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary interval in the section of Kopanitsa, SW Bulgaria. This section reveals a continuous and expanded sedimentary record through the Upper Tithonian and Lower Berriasian, besides an excellent calcareous nannofossil and ammonite record. The topmost part of the NJT 16b and the base of NJT 17a nannofossil Subzones correspond to the ammonite Microcanthum / Transitorius Subzone. The major part of the NJT 17a Subzone equates to the Durangites spp. ammonite Zone, whereas the NJT 17b Subzone correlates to the lower part of the B. jacobi ammonite Zone. The NKT nannofossil Zone approximately corresponds to the upper part of the B. jacobi Zone and the NK-1 nannofossil Zone correlates at least to the lowest part of the T. occitanica Zone. The FOs ofNannoconus globulus minor, N. wintereri, N. kamptneri minor, N. steinmannii minor, N. kamptneri kamptneriandN. steinmannii steinmanniiare confirmed as reliable bio-horizons for correlations in the Mediterranean Tethys area. The first occurrence ofNannoconus wintereriis regarded as an almost concomitant event with the first occurrence ofBerriasella jacobi. We suggest it could be the most useful nannofossil proxy for approximating the base of the B. jacobi Zone. Rare, but relatively well preserved calpionellids and calcareous dinoflagellates together with microfacies analysis were used additionally for stratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental interpretations. The investigated sediments are typical for the steep slope of a steepened ramp, with accumulation of hemipelagic and gravitational deposits.
Stability analysis of delay integro-differential equations of HIV-1 infection model
Authors: Ali Nigar , Zaman Gul , Jung Il Hyo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the analysis of an HIV-1 epidemic model is presented by incorporating a distributed intracellular delay.
The delay term represents the latent period between the time that the target cells are contacted by the virus and the time the virions penetrated into the cells.
To understand the analysis of our proposed model, the Rouths–Hurwiz criterion and general theory of delay differential equations are used.
It is shown that the infection free equilibrium and the chronic-infection equilibrium are locally as well as globally asymptotically stable, under some conditions on the basic reproductive number

R
0

{R_{0}}

.
Furthermore, the obtained results show that the value of

R
0

{R_{0}}

can be decreased by increasing the delay.
Therefore, any drugs that can prolong the latent period will help to control the HIV-1 infection.
Optimization of submerged fermentation conditions to overproduce bioethanol using two industrial and traditional Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Authors: Shaghaghi-Moghaddam Reza , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Mehdikhani Parviz , Alijanianzadeh Reza , Jalalian Sepide 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe present study focuses on the overproduction of bioethanol through submerged fermentation. In a batch-scale submerged bioreactor using a traditional and an industrialSaccharomyces cerevisiae(NCYC 4109 and SFO6) strains, the fermentation was accomplished. The effects of the substrate brix (20.50–24.00 °Bx) and inoculum percentage in the initial fermentation solution (15%–45%) as independent variables on bioethanol production (g/l) as the dependent variable were assessed using the response surface methodology. Using the obtained experimental values for the response variable based on experiments for the fermentation parameters, a general model (second-order) with high coefficient of determination values (R2> 95%) was generated to predict the bioethanol concentrations that were obtained using both yeast strains. The obtained results indicated that the optimum fermentation conditions to overproduce bioethanol (56.14 g/l) using the SFO6 yeast were at the substrate brix and inoculum percentage values of 24.70 °Bx and 26.35%, respectively. However, a higher concentration of bioethanol (53.1 g/l) using the NCYC 4109 yeast strain was obtained at the substrate brix and inoculum percentage values of 24.68 °Bx and 40.07%, respectively.
Mountain grassland ecosystems on abandoned agricultural terraces (Russia, North Caucasus)
Authors: Gracheva Raisa , Belonovskaya Elena , Vinogradova Vera 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTerraces represent one of the most common agricultural landscape elements in the mountainous regions of the North Caucasus. In the Central and West Caucasus, most of the arable terraces were converted into grasslands for grazing and haymaking 60-70 years ago and then abandoned or underused during the last 20-25 years. The role of abandoned terraces in maintaining the diversity of grasslands of the mountain slopes was studied in the case of eight terraces of different types. Plant communities of subalpine meadows and meadow steppes were distinguished on the terraces depending mainly on slope steepness at the same altitudes and to a lesser extent on the slope aspect. In general, the grasslands of the terrace platforms and those of original unterraced slopes had similar traits. At that, the mesophilous communities on the rich soils of terrace edges and scarp communities similar to vegetation of steep slopes with eroded soils create regular patterns on the terraced slopes. Thus, former agricultural terraces conditioning geodiversity also contribute to the diversity of plant communities and landscape fragmentation. The current increase of temperature and humidity may lead to a reduction of climatic differences of the slopes, and the further convergence of grassland communities can be assumed.
Dynamics of the species diversity and composition of the ruderal vegetation of Slovak and Czech cities
Authors: Rendeková Alena , Mičieta Karol , Randáková Zuzana , Miškovic Ján 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study reports the results of the evaluation of changes in the species diversity and composition of ruderal vegetation of three Slovak and one Czech city over the time. The dataset of 1489 relevés from five ruderal syntaxa from the cities Bratislava, Malacky, Trnava and Brno was used. Data were from two different time periods, the older dataset from the years 1960–1982, the more recent dataset from the years 2005–2016. The statistical analysis revealed the decrease of Shannon–Wiener diversity index of all (native + alien) species in the majority of classes of ruderal vegetation of cities. The analysis of the changes in the Pielou’s measure of species evenness showed that in some of the classes and cities, the species evenness remained unchanged, in the other ones it decreased. The percentage of native species in the ruderal vegetation did not change over the time, but the percentage of invasive alien species in the majority of syntaxa and cities increased significantly. In total, 38 invasive taxa were recorded in the ruderal vegetation of cities. Most of them are neophytes, therophytes and belong to the family Asteraceae. The majority of invasive taxa were recorded in both time periods. Some of the invasive species, e.g.Fallopia japonicaandJuncus tenuiswere recorded only in the more recent time period. Our results contribute to the knowledge about biological invasions in the cities.
Effects of sample size on swelling and shrinkage of Larix kaempferi and Cryptomeria japonica as determined by digital caliper, image analysis, and digital image correlation (DIC)
Authors: Lee So Sun , Jeong Gi Young 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Swelling (Sw) and shrinking (Sh) of Larix kaempferi and Cryptomeria japonica woods were observed with the methods digital caliper, image analysis, and digital image correlation (DIC) as a function of cubic sample sizes (203, 503, and 1003 mm3) and the three anatomical directions of wood. The moisture content (MC) of the samples was 19, 12, and 8%, such as MC→ and MCsatur. Coefficients of swelling were significantly different at the three sample sizes. Coefficients of shrinking were significantly different by species and sample size. Results of DIC revealed that the magnitude of mixed Sw/Sh behaviors increased with increasing sample size.
Leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), melatonin and zinc levels in experimental hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism: relation with melatonin and the pineal gland
Authors: Baltaci Abdulkerim Kasım , Mogulkoc Rasim 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Melatonin, an important neurohormone released from the pineal gland, is generally accepted to exercise an inhibitor effect on the thyroid gland. Zinc mediates the effects of many hormones and is found in the structure of numerous hormone receptors.

Aim
The present study aims to examine the effect of melatonin supplementation and pinealectomy on leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), melatonin and zinc levels in rats with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Methods
This study was performed on the 70 male rats. Experimental animals in the study were grouped as follows: control (C); hypothyroidism (PTU); hypothyroidism + melatonin (PTU + M); hypothyroidism + pinealectomy (PTU + Pnx); hyperthyroidism (H); hyperthyroidism + melatonin (H + M) and hyperthyroidism + pinealectomy (H + Pnx). Blood samples collected at the end of 4-week procedures were analyzed to determine melatonin, leptin, NPY and zinc levels.

Results
It was found that thyroid parameters thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodthyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), total T3 (TT3) and total T4 (TT4) decreased in hypothyroidism groups and increased in the groups with hyperthyroidism. The changes in these hormones remained unaffected by melatonin supplementation and pinealectomy. Melatonin levels rose in hyperthyroidism and fell in hypothyroidism. Leptin and NPY levels increased in both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Zinc levels, on the other hand, decreased in hypothyroidism and pinealectomy, but increased in hyperthyroidism.

Conclusion
The results of the study demonstrate that hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism affect leptin, NPY, melatonin and zinc values in different ways in rats. However, melatonin supplementation and pinealectomy do not have any significant influence on the changes occurring in leptin, NPY and zinc levels in thyroid dysfunction.
Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines: to separate the wheat from the chaff
Authors: Drexler Hans G. , Pommerenke Claudia , Eberth Sonja , Nagel Stefan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Characteristic components of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) tissue are the mono- or multinucleated Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. Given the challenges of isolating these rare malignant cells and the difficulty in culturing cells from patients, many investigators have tried to establish cell lines in efforts to develop cellular tools for in vitro studies. A limited number of HL cell lines exist and have provided valuable insights into HL pathobiology. A literature survey indicated that 35 cell lines derived from HL patients have been published. To determine whether all these alleged HL cell lines hold up to scrutiny, we examined the available data and also put some of these cell lines to the test of hierarchical clustering, providing additional information regarding assignment to cell line type and tissue derivation. Hierarchical clustering separated the bona fide (classical) HL cell lines completely from cell lines derived from other lymphoma categories and proved conclusively that HL cell lines represent a distinct entity, irrespective of the cellular origin of the HRS cells. We conclude by pointing out the need for an intensified search for new cell culture avenues in order to develop a new generation of informative HL cell lines covering more widely the spectrum of HL stages and subtypes.
Comments on the special issue
Authors: McGhee Paul 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article includes comments on each contributing author’s article in this special issue of Humor. The articles represent an assessment of McGhee’s research, work on practical applications or influence in the following areas: 1) the development of children’s humor, 2) construction and validation of the Sense of Humor Scale (SHS), 3) usefulness of specific subscales of the SHS, including “playfulness” and “laughing at yourself,” 4) development and evaluation of the 7 Humor Habits Program—a training program for learning to use humor to cope with stress, 5) humor’s impact on physical health and emotional well being, 6) impact on the field of nursing, and 7) humor and the brain. McGhee provides here his response to each contributed article.