bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefit of Robotic Beating-Heart Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass in Octogenarians
Authors: Kitahara Hiroto , McCrorey Mackenzie , Patel Brooke , Nisivaco Sarah , Balkhy Husam H. 
Published: September 2019

Objective An important advantage of robotic beating-heart totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) is early functional recovery, in which fragile patients like octogenarians (age >80 years) benefit most. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and feasibility of TECAB in octogenarians. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing TECAB from July 2013 to September 2017 at our institution. Perioperative outcomes of octogenarian patients and that of younger patients were compared. Results Of 308 patients who underwent TECAB, 28 patients (9.1%) were octogenarians (mean age 83.8 ± 3.0 years). Octogenarians had a higher rate of hypertension and atrial fibrillation compared to younger patients. TECAB was successfully performed without conversion to any larger incisions in octogenarians. Mean operative time (299 ± 83 minutes vs 281 ± 89 minutes, P = 0.309) and the rate of multivessel bypass (60.7% vs 58.2%, P = 0.798) were similar between octogenarians and younger patients. New atrial fibrillation was observed more frequently in octogenarians compared to younger patients (35.7% vs 18.6%, P = 0.031). Mean length of hospital stay was similar between the 2 groups (octogenarians: 3.9 ± 1.8 days vs younger patients: 3.5 ± 3.0 days, P = 0.475). Twenty-two octogenarians (78.6%) were discharged directly to home. In-hospital mortality was zero in octogenarians. Conclusions Robotic beating-heart TECAB had favorable results in octogenarians with acceptable morbidity and mortality and excellent short length of stay similar to younger patients.
Diagnostic delay does not influence survival of pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Stornello Caterina , Archibugi Livia , Stigliano Serena , Vanella Giuseppe , Graglia Benedetta , Capalbo Carlo , Nigri Giuseppe , Capurso Gabriele 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundMost pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients present with advanced disease. Whether it is possible to increase survival by earlier diagnosis is unclear.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between presenting complaints and risk factors for pancreatic cancer with diagnostic delay, stage and survival.MethodsThis was a single‐centre retrospective cohort study. Consecutive patients were interviewed and data on demographics, medical history, risk factors and complaints leading to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosis and disease stage were recorded. Diagnostic delay was considered as time between first complaint and diagnosis. Patients received appropriate treatments and their outcome was recorded in a dedicated database. The Chi‐square test for comparison of categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables were employed with Bonferroni corrections. Correlation between continuous variables was evaluated by means of the Spearman correlation coefficient. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan–Meier method and a log‐rank test.ResultsThe median diagnostic delay for 477 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients was two months (interquartile range 1–5), being significantly shorter for patients presenting with jaundice compared with those with pain, weight loss, diabetes (p  < 0.001). The global rate of metastatic disease at diagnosis was 40%, being only 22% in those presenting with jaundice. The median diagnostic delay, however, was not significantly different among disease stages but was significantly longer in patients with a body mass index>25 kg/m2. The median survival time was seven months. Factors associated with worse survival at the multivariable analysis were older age (hazard ratio 1.02 per year), metastatic disease (hazard ratio 2.12) and pain as presenting complaint (hazard ratio 1.32), while diagnostic delay was not.ConclusionWhile some complaints are associated with a shorter diagnostic delay and less advanced disease stage, we could not demonstrate that delay is associated with survival, possibly suggesting that prevention rather than early recognition is important to tackle pancreatic cancer lethality.
Disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as oesophageal disease in a cat
Authors: Bellamy Edward , Palma Stefano Di , Ressel Lorenzo , Domínguez Elisabet , Fernández Yordan 
Published: September 2019

Case summary An 11-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was referred with a 2-month history of ptyalism, hyporexia and weight loss. Physical examination revealed reduced body condition score (2/9) and decreased skin turgor. Laboratory abnormalities included mild erythrocytosis, elevated creatine kinase, hypercobalaminaemia and hypofolataemia. CT of the head and abdominal ultrasonography were within normal limits. Gastroesophagoscopy revealed mucosal ulceration and possible stenosis of the distal oesophagus. Thoracic radiographs and iodine oesophagram showed a soft tissue opacity in the caudodorsal thorax compatible with a parietal oesophageal mass causing luminal stenosis or an extra-parietal mass causing ventral displacement and compression of the oesophagus. Pulmonary nodules were observed in the cranial lung lobes. CT of the thorax confirmed the oesophageal origin of the mass and the presence of pulmonary nodules scattered throughout the lung parenchyma. The patient was euthanased given the imaging findings and perceived guarded prognosis. Post-mortem examination revealed multifocal nodular lesions affecting the oesophagus, lungs, kidneys and pancreas. Histopathological examination identified atypical round cells characterised by eosinophilic cytoplasm and pale nuclei with prominent nuclear grooves, compatible with neoplastic histiocytic cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression for CD18, Iba-1 and vimentin. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated intracytoplasmic organelles consistent with Birkbeck granules of Langerhans cell origin in lesional histiocytes. These findings were compatible with a diagnosis of disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first report of disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis with oesophageal involvement in a cat.
Initial Evidence for Brain Plasticity Following a Digital Therapeutic Intervention for Depression
Authors: Hoch Megan M. , Doucet Gaelle E. , Moser Dominik A. , Hee Lee Won , Collins Katherine A. , Huryk Kathryn M. , DeWilde Kaitlin E. , Fleysher Lazar , Iosifescu Dan V. , Murrough James W. , Charney Dennis. S. , Frangou Sophia , Iacoviello Brian M. 
Published: September 2019

Background Digital therapeutics such as cognitive–emotional training have begun to show promise for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Available clinical trial data suggest that monotherapy with cognitive–emotional training using the Emotional Faces Memory Task is beneficial in reducing depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Emotional Faces Memory Task training for major depressive disorder is associated with changes in brain connectivity and whether changes in connectivity parameters are related to symptomatic improvement. Methods Fourteen major depressive disorder patients received Emotional Faces Memory Task training as monotherapy over a six-week period. Patients were scanned at baseline and posttreatment to identify changes in resting-state functional connectivity and effective connectivity during emotional working memory processing. Results Compared to baseline, patients showed posttreatment reduced connectivity within resting-state networks involved in self-referential and salience processing and greater integration across the functional connectome at rest. Moreover, we observed a posttreatment increase in the Emotional Faces Memory Task-induced modulation of connectivity between cortical control and limbic brain regions, which was associated with clinical improvement. Discussion These findings provide initial evidence that cognitive–emotional training may be associated with changes in short-term plasticity of brain networks implicated in major depressive disorder. Conclusion Our findings pave the way for the principled design of large clinical and neuroimaging studies.
Sequential screening for lung cancer in a high-risk group: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Spiro Stephen G. , Shah Pallav L. , Rintoul Robert C. , George Jeremy , Janes Samuel , Callister Matthew , Novelli Marco , Shaw Penny , Kocjan Gabrijela , Griffiths Chris , Falzon Mary , Booton Richard , Magee Nicholas , Peake Michael , Dhillon Paul , Sridharan Kishore , Nicholson Andrew G. , Padley Simon , Taylor Magali N. , Ahmed Asia , Allen Jack , Ngai Yenting , Chinyanganya Nyasha , Ashford-Turner Victoria , Lewis Sarah , Oukrif Dahmane , Rabbitts Pamela , Counsell Nicholas , Hackshaw Allan 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundLow-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening detects early-stage lung cancer and reduces mortality. We proposed a sequential approach targeted to a high-risk group as a potentially efficient screening strategy.MethodsLungSEARCH was a national multicentre randomised trial. Current/ex-smokers with mild/moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were allocated (1:1) to have 5 years surveillance or not. Screened participants provided annual sputum samples for cytology and cytometry, and if abnormal were offered annual LDCT and autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB). Those with normal sputum provided annual samples. The primary end-point was the percentage of lung cancers diagnosed at stage I/II (nonsmall cell) or limited disease (small cell).Results1568 participants were randomised during 2007–2011 from 10 UK centres. 85.2% of those screened provided an adequate baseline sputum sample. There were 42 lung cancers among 785 screened individuals and 36 lung cancers among 783 controls. 54.8% (23 out of 42) of screened individualsversus45.2% (14 out of 31) of controls with known staging were diagnosed with early-stage disease (one-sided p=0.24). Relative risk was 1.21 (95% CI 0.75–1.95) or 0.82 (95% CI 0.52–1.31) for early-stage or advanced cancers, respectively. Overall sensitivity for sputum (in those randomised to surveillance) was low (40.5%) with a cumulative false-positive rate (FPR) of 32.8%. 55% of cancers had normal sputum results throughout. Among sputum-positive individuals who had AFB, sensitivity was 45.5% and cumulative FPR was 39.5%; the corresponding measures for those who had LDCT were 100% and 16.1%, respectively.ConclusionsOur sequential strategy, using sputum cytology/cytometry to select high-risk individuals for AFB and LDCT, did not lead to a clear stage shift and did not improve the efficiency of lung cancer screening.
Clinical phenotypes and outcomes of precapillary pulmonary hypertension of sickle cell disease
Authors: Savale Laurent , Habibi Anoosha , Lionnet François , Maitre Bernard , Cottin Vincent , Jais Xavier , Chaouat Ari , Artaud-Macari Elise , Canuet Matthieu , Prevot Grégoire , Chantalat-Auger Christelle , Montani David , Sitbon Olivier , Galacteros Fréderic , Simonneau Gérald , Parent Florence , Bartolucci Pablo , Humbert Marc 
Published: September 2019

RationalePrecapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Little is known about the influence of the SCD genotype on PH characteristics.ObjectivesTo describe clinical phenotypes and outcomes of precapillary PH due to SCD according to disease genotype.MethodsA nationwide multicentre retrospective study including all patients with SCD-related precapillary PH from the French PH Registry was conducted. Clinical characteristics and outcomes according to SCD genotype were analysed.Results58 consecutive SCD patients with precapillary PH were identified, of whom 41 had homozygous for haemoglobin S (SS) SCD, three had S-β0thalassaemia (S-β0thal) and 14 had haemoglobin SC disease (SC). Compared to SC patients, SS/S-β0thal patients were characterised by lower 6-min walk distance (p=0.01) and lower pulmonary vascular resistance (p=0.04). Mismatched segmental perfusion defects on lung scintigraphy were detected in 85% of SC patients and 9% of SS/S-β0thal patients, respectively, and 50% of SS/S-β0thal patients had heterogeneous lung perfusion without segmental defects. After PH diagnosis, 31 patients (53%) received medical therapies approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension, and chronic red blood cell exchange was initiated in 23 patients (40%). Four patients were managed for chronic thromboembolic PH by pulmonary endarterectomy (n=1) or balloon pulmonary angioplasty (n=3). Overall survival was 91%, 80% and 60% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively, without influence of genotype on prognosis.ConclusionsPatients with precapillary PH related to SCD have a poor prognosis. Thrombotic lesions appear as a major component of PH related to SCD, more frequently in SC patients.
Corneal ectasia following cataract extraction surgery in a patient with keratoconus: a case report
Authors: Labiris Georgios , Panagiotopoulou Eirini-Kanella , Ntonti Panagiota , Taliantzis Sergios 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
According to experimental and clinical published studies, patients with keratoconus have a genetic predisposition to corneal ectasia; however, ectasia might not be activated or reactivated unless an additional stressful event triggers the disease. Triggering factors are sources of reactive oxidative stress; among them, mechanical trauma (vigorous eye rubbing, poorly fit contact lenses), exposure to ultraviolet light, and atopy/allergies. The aim of this case report is to present for the first time a case of rapidly progressive corneal ectasia in a patient with keratoconus following uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery for cataract removal.

Case presentation
A 38-year-old Caucasian man was referred to our out-patient’s service due to bilateral cataract. He also had bilateral keratoconus and had undergone corneal cross-linking in both his eyes 5 years prior to his referral. Ever since the corneal cross-linking, keratoconus had been stable. He underwent a full ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, optical biometry, Scheimpflug tomography, corneal biomechanical assessment, and fundus examination. He presented advanced centrally located cataract with count fingers for preoperative best-corrected visual acuity. An uncomplicated cataract extraction surgery was performed. Preoperative flat keratometry reading was 40.5 diopters, steep keratometry reading was 41.8 diopters, astigmatism was 1.3 diopters, corneal hysteresis was 8.2, corneal resistance factor was 7.5, and thinnest corneal thickness was 503 μm. Within 3 months, he demonstrated rapidly progressing corneal ectasia in his operated eye, while 6 months postoperatively, flat keratometry reading was 45.5 diopters, steep keratometry reading was 48.3 diopters, astigmatism was 2.8 diopters, corneal hysteresis = 6.8, corneal resistance factor = 7.5, and thinnest corneal thickness = 318 μm.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe corneal ectasia in a patient with keratoconus following phacoemulsification surgery. Cataract surgeons should provide extra caution to patients with keratoconus and take into consideration this rare but potentially sight-threatening complication.
Exciting times to study the identity and evolution of cell types
Authors: Sachkova Maria , Burkhardt Pawel 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The EMBO/EMBL Symposium on ‘The Identity and Evolution of Cell Types’ took place in Heidelberg, Germany, on 15-19 May 2019. The symposium, which brought together a diverse group of speakers addressing a wide range of questions in multiple model systems, provided a platform to discuss how the concept of a cell type should be considered in the era of single cell omics techniques and how cell type evolution can be studied.
Endogenous misery: menopause in medicine, literature and culture
Authors: Barry Elizabeth 
Published: September 2019

This chapter addresses the changing conception of menopause in philosophy and culture—a particularly fraught example of the intersection of ageing, gender and sexuality. It takes as its starting point the oblique but revealing representation of the 'turn of life' in the work of Virginia Woolf, looking at how the cultural history of the menopause offers a context for today's attitudes and practices. It also considers Germaine Greer’s heated critique of Simone de Beauvoir’s conception of menopause, in particular the gap between the political stance in The Second Sex and the capitulation in Beauvoir’s memoirs to society’s construction of a disempowered menopausal woman. The chapter goes on to reflect on the way that both Beauvoir and Greer, however, unwittingly echo discredited scientific theories about menopause as ‘deficiency’, and to think about how Woolf’s fiction might offer a more nuanced account of the gains as well as losses of female midlife.
Iodine deficiency diseases in children and adolescents (plenary lecture)
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. 
Published: September 2019

The main consequence of iodine deficiency in the environment is the development of goiter in people living in iodine-deficient regions (endemic goiter). In this regard, for a long time it was considered that goiter is the only manifestation of this condition. It has now been proven that, in addition to goiter, iodine deficiency also has other adverse effects on human health. In 1983, the term "endemic goiter" was replaced by the term "iodine deficiency diseases" (IDD). These diseases are caused by a decrease in the functional activity of the thyroid gland in response to iodine deficiency.
Agnotologie, die Grenzen der Gewissheit und die Theorie der Demokratie
Authors: Botwinick Aryeh 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Inspired to some extent by the work of Thomas Kuhn, Ignorance Studies seeks to grapple with the implications that follow from the idea that on a theoretical level we can hardly ever know that we have approached truth. In order to test theories, we would need to have access to empirically raw, theoretically unadorned facts and to confront them with theoretically diverse or contradictory accounts of how to make sense of them. It’s the nature of the case that we are not able to penetrate to such a pure point of origin for things. The words that we use to describe them are already suffused with biases and distortions that limit what we can say about them. Our relationship to phenomena inside us and to things outside us always subsists in a symbolically mediated, indirect medium. Our efforts to be either before or after this state of symbolic mediation generally land us in a state of deepened awareness of the extent of the prolongation of the middle. The conceptualized entity is for all intents and purposes the entity we relate to. The paper argues that given the limits to certainty highlighted by Ignorance Studies, our political institutions need to be responsive to the priorities enshrined in democratic theory to ensure that the policies pursued by any given government are reflective of the needs and the wishes of the majority of the people.
Historische Kontinuität und affirmative Genealogie
Authors: Kinzel Katherina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses the methodological writings of nineteenth-century historian Johann Gustav Droysen. It explores how Droysen integrates the political and methodological aspects of historiography. The paper shows that Droysen relies on a procedure of “affirmative genealogy” which, in turn, is based on a concept of historical continuity. By Droysen’s account, historical continuity enables “historical understanding”; and the understanding of historical continuities provides the statesman – the “practical historian” – with a solid basis for political decision making.
Nietzsches affirmative Genealogien
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that besides the critical and historically informed genealogies of his later work, Nietzsche also sketched out genealogies that are not historically situated and that display an under-appreciatedaffirmativeaspect. The paper begins by looking at two early examples of such genealogies where datable historical origins are clearly not at issue, which raises the question of what kind of origins Nietzsche is seeking. It is argued that these genealogies inquire intopracticalorigins – into the original point of certain conceptual practices given certain needs – and that this reflects Nietzsche’sinstrumentalist approach to concepts. It is then argued that this focus lends the genealogies an affirmative dimension, because they present their object as naturalistically intelligible and practically indispensable. Finally, it is shown how the nature and limits of this affirmative dimension can be tentatively sharpened by connecting it to Nietzsche’s later notion of an economicjustificationof morality.
Simultaneous Energy and Reserve Market Clearing with Consideration of Interruptible Loads as One of Demand Response Resources and Different Reliability Requirements of Consumers
Authors: Najafi Mojtaba , Ahmadi Samaneh , Dashtdar Masoud 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Determining the optimal reserve in power systems is closely related to uncertainties in power generation and risks of outage of supply to consumers. Distributed generation sources such as wind farms are usual reasons for uncertainties in MW production. This uncertainty can be alleviated by providing enough reserve in which demand response (DR) programs can play role of resources for reserve. In an electricity market structure, the mentioned points are usually handled by Independent System Operator (ISO) in energy and reserve markets. This paper deals with the problem of reliability-based reserve management. In the mentioned problem, the DR program in the form of interruptible loads is also considered. A new method is proposed in which ISO settle energy and reserve markets simultaneously while employing the DR in the first stage. In addition, consumers’ requirements of reliability are included by assuming that they have possibility to offer their desired levels of reliability to the ISO. The amount of reserve obtained from market settlement is adjusted based on the different reliability requirements of the consumers and different scenarios of the wind farm operation, in the second stage of the proposed method. Also the cost of the reserve adjustment is fairly allocated to producers and consumers. The proposed method applies stochastic programming formulation and its validity is assessed by the GAMS software. Simulation results show that how amount and cost of reserve could be adjusted to cover power balance, cost of power production and load interruption and required reliability of consumers.