bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field key to the bats of Costa Rica and Nicaragua
Authors: York Heather A , Rodríguez-Herrera Bernal , Laval Richard K , Timm Robert M , Lindsay Kaitlin E 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith more than 1,400 species of bats described worldwide, the order Chiroptera is second only to rodents in ecological and taxonomic diversity. Bats play critically important roles in natural systems as seed and pollen dispersers, predators of invertebrates and vertebrates, and sanguinivores. The Central American countries of Costa Rica and Nicaragua have at least 123 species of bats (in nine families and 66 genera), or nearly 10% of the world's known species. Because of the importance of proper species identification for ecological and systematic studies and conservation efforts, we present a dichotomous key to the bats of this region. Our goal is the positive, in-hand identification of living bats that may be released unharmed after identification. Identifying Neotropical bats and understanding the taxonomic changes that affect the names used for the various species over time can be a challenge. This key includes the 123 species known to occur in Costa Rica and Nicaragua as well as three that are expected to occur in these countries but which have not yet been recorded. We provide illustrations of key characters useful for differentiating bats to species and updated taxonomic notes to assist the reader in assessing the literature.Con más de 1,400 especies de murciélagos descritos en todo el mundo, el orden Chiroptera es el segundo más diverso después de los roedores respecto a taxonomía. Los murciélagos juegan papeles de importancia crítica en los sistemas naturales como dispersores de semillas, polinizadores, depredadores de vertebrados e invertebrados, así como hematófagos. Costa Rica y Nicaragua presentan al menos 123 especies de murciélagos (en 9 familias y 66 géneros), casi el 10% de las especies conocidas en el mundo. Debido a la importancia de la identificación precisa de las especies para los estudios ecológicos, sistemáticos y de conservación, presentamos una clave dicotómica para los murciélagos de esta región. Nuestro objetivo es la identificación correcta con los murciélagos in vivo y que se pueden liberar sin daño después de la identificación. La caracterización de los murciélagos neotropicales y el seguimiento del estatus taxonómico de cada especie puede ser un reto en el proceso de identificación. Esta clave incluye las 123 especies conocidas en Costa Rica y Nicaragua, así como 3 no registradas pero con distribución potencial. Proporcionamos ilustraciones de características claves útiles para diferenciar murciélagos al nivel de la especie y notas taxonómicas actualizadas para ayudar al lector a la identificación.
Long-Term Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Breast Cancer Screening With Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in the United States
Authors: Lowry Kathryn P , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Schechter Clyde B , Alagoz Oguzhan , Barlow William E , Burnside Elizabeth S , Conant Emily F , Hampton John M , Huang Hui , Kerlikowske Karla , Lee Sandra J , Miglioretti Diana L , Sprague Brian L , Tosteson Anna N A , Yaffe Martin J , Stout Natasha K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is increasingly being used for routine breast cancer screening. We projected the long-term impact and cost-effectiveness of DBT compared to conventional digital mammography (DM) for breast cancer screening in the United States.

Methods
Three Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network breast cancer models simulated US women ages 40 years and older undergoing breast cancer screening with either DBT or DM starting in 2011 and continuing for the lifetime of the cohort. Screening performance estimates were based on observational data; in an alternative scenario, we assumed 4% higher sensitivity for DBT. Analyses used federal payer perspective; costs and utilities were discounted at 3% annually. Outcomes included breast cancer deaths, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), false-positive examinations, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

Results
Compared to DM, DBT screening resulted in a slight reduction in breast cancer deaths (range across models 0–0.21 per 1000 women), small increase in QALYs (1.97–3.27 per 1000 women), and a 24–28% reduction in false-positive exams (237–268 per 1000 women) relative to DM. ICERs ranged from $195 026 to $270 135 per QALY for DBT relative to DM. When assuming 4% higher DBT sensitivity, ICERs decreased to $130 533–$156 624 per QALY. ICERs were sensitive to DBT costs, decreasing to $78 731 to $168 883 and $52 918 to $118 048 when the additional cost of DBT was reduced to $36 and $26 (from baseline of $56), respectively.

Conclusion
DBT reduces false-positive exams while achieving similar or slightly improved health benefits. At current reimbursement rates, the additional costs of DBT screening are likely high relative to the benefits gained; however, DBT could be cost-effective at lower screening costs.
Listeriosis During Pregnancy and in Newborns: 18 Years of Data From a Large Tertiary Hospital in Singapore
Authors: Vidal Eleah N , Rajadurai Victor Samuel , Anand Amudha Jayanthi , Chandran Suresh 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A 20-year retrospective review at a tertiary hospital in Singapore identified 11 cases of perinatal listeriosis in maternal–fetal pairs (incidence, 4.8 cases per 100 000 live births). Fever, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and fetal akinesia during the third trimester were associated with listeriosis. In this study early directed antibiotic therapy resulted in favorable outcomes.
Transplantation of a horseshoe kidney from a living donor using stapler for transsection
Authors: Sozener Ulas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Although it rather became a routine procedure to evaluate and use a cadaveric horseshoe kidney, using one from a living donor is quite rare. In this paper, we present methods we used during such a case which may benefit the procedures in the future. A 29-year-old female patient was considered for transplant and only viable living donor was her 59-year-old mother. Dynamic computed tomography revealed horseshoe anomaly with one renal artery and one renal vein for each side, a long but thin isthmus connecting lower poles with no visible arterial supply. Descending urography showed no connecting caliceal system. Donor nephrectomy was performed and isthmus separation was carried out with vascular stapler. Recipient was discharged on the 6th day with no complications. Patient was followed up for 6 months with normal creatinine levels. When properly assessed before the surgery, using a horseshoe kidney is not so challenging as thought.
Autophagy is involved in assisting the replication of Bamboo mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Huang Ying-Ping , Huang Ying-Wen , Hsiao Yung-Jen , Li Siou-Cen , Hsu Yau-Huei , Tsai Ching-Hsiu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAutophagy plays a critical role in plants under biotic stress, including the response to pathogen infection. We investigated whether autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are involved in infection with Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. Initially, we observed that BaMV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves upregulated the expression of ATGs but did not trigger cell death. The induction of ATGs, which possibly triggers autophagy, increased rather than diminished BaMV accumulation in the leaves, as revealed by gene knockdown and transient expression experiments. Furthermore, the inhibitor 3-methyladenine blocked autophagosome formation and the autophagy inducer rapamycin, which negatively and positively affected BaMV accumulation, respectively. Pull-down experiments with an antibody against orange fluorescent protein (OFP)-NbATG8f, an autophagosome marker protein, showed that both plus- and minus-sense BaMV RNAs could associate with NbATG8f. Confocal microscopy revealed that ATG8f-enriched vesicles possibly derived from chloroplasts contained both the BaMV viral RNA and its replicase. Thus, BaMV infection may induce the expression of ATGs possibly via autophagy to selectively engulf a portion of viral RNA-containing chloroplast. Virus-induced vesicles enriched with ATG8f could provide an alternative site for viral RNA replication or a shelter from the host silencing mechanism.
Clinical insights and epidemiology of central nervous system infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii species complexes: A prospective study from South India
Authors: Lahiri Shayanki , Manjunath Netravathi , Bhat Maya , Hagen Ferry , Bahubali Veenakumari H , Palaniappan Marimuthu , Maji Sayani , Chandrashekar Nagarathna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the last two decades, central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis (CNSc) has emerged as a major opportunistic infection in the immunocompromised population of India. We have analyzed the clinical features of CNSc and epidemiology of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. A total of 160 clinical isolates of C. neoformans/gattii recovered from CNSc patients were analyzed. The origin, clinical parameters, and imaging features of the patients were recorded, and clinical parameters were analyzed based on their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and infecting species, namely, C. neoformans or C. gattii. Serotypes and mating types of the isolates were determined. Molecular typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting using M13 microsatellite primer (GTG)5, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Majority of the patients were from Bangalore Urban, Karnataka. Among 160 cases 128 (80%) were HIV seropositive, and 32 (20%) were HIV negative. Middle-aged males (36–55 years) were highly affected. There were statistically significant differences in the clinical manifestations, imaging and CSF parameters of HIV coinfected and noninfected cases, whereas limited differences were observed in these parameters in the cases infected with C. neoformans and C. gattii. We identified 80% C. neoformans VNI, 8.75% VNII and 22.5% C. gattii (VGI), 8.75% C. tetragattii (VGIV) among clinical strains. This comprehensive study will contribute toward a better prognosis of CNS cryptococcosis patients during the hospital stay, treatment strategies for HIV coinfected and noninfected cases and will provide the molecular epidemiology of these two pathogenic fungal species in south India, which was unclear in this part of the country.
Too big to fail in light of Gaia
Authors: Kaplinghat Manoj , Valli Mauro , Yu Hai-Bo 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We point out an anticorrelation between the central dark matter (DM) densities of the bright Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) and their orbital pericenter distances inferred from Gaia data. The dSphs that have not come close to the Milky Way centre (like Fornax, Carina and Sextans) are less dense in DM than those that have come closer (like Draco and Ursa Minor). The same anticorrelation cannot be inferred for the ultrafaint dSphs due to large scatter, while a trend that dSphs with more extended stellar distributions tend to have lower DM densities emerges with ultrafaints. We discuss how these inferences constrain proposed solutions to the Milky Way’s too-big-to-fail problem and provide new clues to decipher the nature of DM.
Ram pressure stripping: an analytical approach
Authors: Singh Ankit , Gulati Mamta , Bagla Jasjeet S 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We take an analytical approach to study ram pressure stripping, using simple models for discs and the distribution of halo gas to look at this phenomenon in cluster, group and galaxy haloes. We also study variations in galaxy properties and redshift. In each case, we model the worst-case scenario (i.e. the maximum effect resulting from ram pressure). We show that the worst-case scenario is not affected greatly by changes in redshift. We find that gas discs in galaxies with a higher spin parameter are stripped sooner than galaxies with a smaller spin parameter. Galaxies in cluster haloes are stripped of gas more efficiently compared with group and galaxy haloes, because they have a higher infall speed and a higher density of gas in the intra-cluster medium (i.e. as a result of a greater retention of baryons). We comment on the limitations of our model, and we look at and illustrate a situation where a significant amount of gas may be retained in the galaxy disc. Finally, we discuss the implications for star formation in galaxies during infall into haloes.
The morphological classification of distant radio galaxies explored with three-dimensional simulations
Authors: Smith Michael D , Donohoe Justin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We explore the observational implications of a large systematic study of high-resolution three-dimensional simulations of radio galaxies driven by supersonic jets. For this fiducial study, we employ non-relativistic hydrodynamic adiabatic flows from nozzles into a constant pressure-matched environment. Synchrotron emissivity is approximated via the thermal pressure of injected material. We find that the morphological classification of a simulated radio galaxy depends significantly on several factors with increasing distance (i.e. decreasing observed resolution) and decreasing orientation often causing reclassification from FR II (limb-brightened) to FR I (limb-darkened) type. We introduce the Lobe or Limb Brightening Index (LBI) to measure the radio lobe type more precisely. The jet density also has an influence as expected with lower density leading to broader and bridged lobe morphologies as well as brighter radio jets. Hence, relating observed source type to the intrinsic jet dynamics is not straightforward. Precession of the jet direction may also be responsible for wide relaxed sources with lower LBI and FR class as well as for X-shaped and double–double structures. Helical structures are not generated because the precession is usually too slow. We conclude that distant radio galaxies could appear systematically more limb darkened due to merger-related redirection and precession as well as due to the resolution limitation.
Adaptive Radiation of the Flukes of the Family Fasciolidae Inferred from Genome-Wide Comparisons of Key Species
Authors: Choi Young-Jun , Fontenla Santiago , Fischer Peter U , Le Thanh Hoa , Costábile Alicia , Blair David , Brindley Paul J , Tort Jose F , Cabada Miguel M , Mitreva Makedonka 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLiver and intestinal flukes of the family Fasciolidae cause zoonotic food–borne infections that impact both agriculture and human health throughout the world. Their evolutionary history and the genetic basis underlying their phenotypic and ecological diversity are not well understood. To close that knowledge gap, we compared the whole genomes of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica, and Fasciolopsis buski and determined that the split between Fasciolopsis and Fasciola took place ∼90 Ma in the late Cretaceous period, and that between 65 and 50 Ma an intermediate host switch and a shift from intestinal to hepatic habitats occurred in the Fasciola lineage. The rapid climatic and ecological changes occurring during this period may have contributed to the adaptive radiation of these flukes. Expansion of cathepsins, fatty-acid-binding proteins, protein disulfide-isomerases, and molecular chaperones in the genus Fasciola highlights the significance of excretory–secretory proteins in these liver-dwelling flukes. Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica diverged ∼5 Ma near the Miocene–Pliocene boundary that coincides with reduced faunal exchange between Africa and Eurasia. Severe decrease in the effective population size ∼10 ka in Fasciola is consistent with a founder effect associated with its recent global spread through ruminant domestication. G-protein-coupled receptors may have key roles in adaptation of physiology and behavior to new ecological niches. This study has provided novel insights about the genome evolution of these important pathogens, has generated genomic resources to enable development of improved interventions and diagnosis, and has laid a solid foundation for genomic epidemiology to trace drug resistance and to aid surveillance.
A novel mode of DnaA–DnaA interaction promotes ADP dissociation for reactivation of replication initiation activity
Authors: Sugiyama Ryo , Kasho Kazutoshi , Miyoshi Kenya , Ozaki Shogo , Kagawa Wataru , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Katayama Tsutomu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractATP-DnaA is temporally increased to initiate replication during the cell cycle. Two chromosomal loci, DARS (DnaA-reactivating sequences) 1 and 2, promote ATP-DnaA production by nucleotide exchange of ADP-DnaA for timely initiation. ADP-DnaA complexes are constructed on DARS1 and DARS2, bearing a cluster of three DnaA-binding sequences (DnaA boxes I−III), promoting ADP dissociation. Although DnaA has an AAA+ domain, which ordinarily directs construction of oligomers in a head-to-tail manner, DnaA boxes I and II are oriented oppositely. In this study, we constructed a structural model of a head-to-head dimer of DnaA AAA+ domains, and analyzed residues residing on the interface of the model dimer. Gln208 was specifically required for DARS-dependent ADP dissociation in vitro, and in vivo analysis yielded consistent results. Additionally, ADP release from DnaA protomers bound to DnaA boxes I and II was dependent on Gln208 of the DnaA protomers, and DnaA box III-bound DnaA did not release ADP nor require Gln208 for ADP dissociation by DARS–DnaA complexes. Based on these and other findings, we propose a model for DARS–DnaA complex dynamics during ADP dissociation, and provide novel insight into the regulatory mechanisms of DnaA and the interaction modes of AAA+ domains.
Human cytomegalovirus seropositivity is associated with decreased survival in glioblastoma patients
Authors: Foster Haidn , Piper Keenan , DePledge Lisa , Li Hsin-Fang , Scanlan James , Jae-Guen Yoon , Boeckh Michael , Cobbs Charles 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an oncomodulatory human herpesvirus that has been detected in glioblastoma (GBM) and is associated with worse prognosis in patients with the disease. The effects of HCMV systemic infection on survival in GBM patients, however, are largely unknown. We aimed to determine the association between HCMV serostatus at diagnosis and survival via a retrospective cohort study of GBM patients.

Methods
Plasma from 188 GBM patients treated at the Ben and Catherine Ivy Center (Seattle, WA) was tested for HCMV serostatus via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of anti-HCMV immunoglobulin (Ig)G. HCMV IgG serostatus was analyzed with respect to each patient’s progression-free and overall survival (OS) via log-rank and multivariable Cox regression analysis.

Results
Ninety-seven of 188 (52%) patients were anti-HCMV IgG seropositive. Median OS was decreased in the IgG+ cohort (404 days) compared to IgG− patients (530 days; P = .0271). Among O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) unmethylated patients (n = 96), median OS was significantly decreased in IgG+ patients (336 days) compared to IgG− patients (510 days; P = .0094). MGMT methylation was associated with improved OS in IgG+ patients versus those who were unmethylated (680 vs 336 days; P = .0096), whereas no such association was observed among IgG− patients.

Conclusions
In this study, HCMV seropositivity was significantly associated with poorer OS in GBM patients. This finding suggests prior infection with HCMV may play an important role in GBM patient outcomes, and anti-HCMV antibodies may, therefore, prove a valuable prognostic tool in the management of GBM patients.
The Effectiveness of Radiofrequency Ablation of Medial Branch Nerves for Chronic Lumbar Facet Joint Syndrome in Patients Selected by Guideline-Concordant Dual Comparative Medial Branch Blocks
Authors: Conger Aaron , Burnham Taylor , Salazar Fabio , Tate Quinn , Golish Mathew , Petersen Russell , Cunningham Shellie , Teramoto Masaru , Kendall Richard , McCormick Zachary L 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the effectiveness of lumbar medial branch radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of zygapophyseal joint (z-joint)–mediated low back pain has been characterized, few studies have described outcomes in patients selected using a guideline-concordant paradigm of ≥80% pain relief with dual comparative medial branch blocks (MBBs). We investigated long-term treatment outcomes of patients selected according to this paradigm.DesignCross-sectional cohort study.MethodsThe medical records of 111 consecutive patients were reviewed; 85 met inclusion criteria. A standardized telephone survey was used to capture current numerical rating scale (NRS) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients reporting ≥50% reduction of index pain. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to explore associations between the primary outcome and covariates, including age, duration of pain, presence of scoliosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, and &gt;75% disc height loss.ResultsAt six to 12, 12–24, and &gt;24 months, 63.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 41–85%), 65.6% (95% CI = 49–82%), and 44.1% (95% CI = 27–61%) of patients reported a ≥50% pain reduction (P = 0.170), respectively. At a minimum of six months, 70.6% of patients reported a pain reduction of two or more points (minimally clinically important change), and 54.1% reported a PGIC score consistent with “much improved” or better. Older age and a smaller Cobb angle were associated with a ≥50% pain reduction (P &lt; 0.05).ConclusionLumbar medial branch RFA is an effective, durable treatment for a significant proportion of patients with recalcitrant lumbar z-joint pain when candidacy is determined by the guideline-concordant paradigm of ≥80% pain relief with dual comparative MBBs.
Gravity in the Exchange Rate Factor Structure
Authors: Lustig Hanno , Richmond Robert J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We relate the risk characteristics of currencies to measures of physical, cultural, and institutional distance. Currencies of countries which are more distant from other countries are more exposed to systematic currency risk. This is due to a gravity effect in the factor structure of exchange rates: When a currency appreciates against a basket of other currencies, its bilateral exchange rate appreciates more against currencies of distant countries. As a result, currencies of peripheral countries are more exposed to systematic variation than currencies of central countries. Trade network centrality best predicts a currency’s average exposure to systematic risk.