bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative Analysis of the Reduction Kinetics Involved in the Synthesis of Au@Pd Concave Nanocubes
Authors: Xie Minghao , Zhou Shan , Zhu Jiawei , Lyu Zhiheng , Chen Ruhui , Xia Younan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSurface capping has been shown to play a pivotal role in controlling the evolution of metal nanocrystals into different shapes or morphologies. With the synthesis of Au@Pd concave nanocubes as an example, here we demonstrate that the capping agent can also impact the reduction kinetics of a precursor, and thereby its reduction pathway, for the formation of metal nanocrystals with distinct morphologies. A typical synthesis involves the reduction of a PdII precursor by ascorbic acid at room temperature in the presence of Au nanospheres as seeds, together with the use of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the capping agent. In the case of CTAC, the PdII precursor prevails as PdCl42−, leading to the formation of Au@Pd concave nanocubes with a rough surface because of the fast reduction kinetics and thus the dominance of solution reduction pathway. When switched to CTAB, the PdII precursor changes to PdBr42− that features slow reduction kinetics and surface reduction pathway. Accordingly, the Au@Pd concave nanocubes take a smooth surface. This work demonstrates that both reduction kinetics and surface capping play important roles in controlling the morphology of metal nanocrystals and these two roles are often coupled to each other.
Photoinduced Bending of Single Crystals of a Linear Bis‐Olefin via Water‐Templated Solid‐State [2+2] Photopolymerization Reaction
Authors: Mandal Rajorshi , Garai Abhijit , Peli Simone , Datta Prasanta K. , Biradha Kumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe single crystals of two structural isomers of bis‐olefinic molecules were shown to have contrasting properties in terms of their photoreactivity: one exhibits an excellent ability to form polymers, accompanied with bending of crystals upon irradiation, while the other is photostable. The photoreactive crystal is a first example in which [2+2] polymerization leads to bending of the crystals, with implications for the design of photoactuators. The hydrate formation ability of one of these molecular isomers promotes the solid‐state reactivity in its crystal, as the H2O molecules act as a template to bring the olefin molecules into the required arrangement for [2+2] polymerization. Further, the crystals of the polymer exhibited better flexibility and smoothed surfaces compared to those of the monomers. In addition, under UV‐light the diene emits bluish violet light while the polymer emits green light, indicating that the luminescence property can be tuned through photoirradiation.
Male breast cancer in the United States: Treatment patterns and prognostic factors in the 21st century
Authors: Yadav Siddhartha , Karam Dhauna , Bin Riaz Irbaz , Xie Hao , Durani Urshila , Duma Narjust , Giridhar Karthik V. , Hieken Tina J. , Boughey Judy C. , Mutter Robert W. , Hawse John R. , Jimenez Rafael E. , Couch Fergus J. , Leon‐Ferre Roberto A. , Ruddy Kathryn J. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundMale breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease for which there is limited understanding of treatment patterns and prognostic factors.MethodsMen with TNM stage I to stage III breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 in the National Cancer Data Base were included. Trends in treatment modalities were described using the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and estimated using Joinpoint software for the analysis of trends. Kaplan‐Meier curves and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to compare survival between subgroups and to identify prognostic factors.ResultsA total of 10,873 MBC cases were included, with a median age at diagnosis of 64 years. Breast‐conserving surgery was performed in 24% of patients, and 70% of patients undergoing breast conservation received radiotherapy. Approximately 44% of patients received chemotherapy, and 62% of patients with estrogen receptor–positive disease received endocrine therapy. Oncotype DX was ordered in 35% of patients with lymph node–negative, estrogen receptor–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐negative tumors. During the study period, there was a significant increase in the rates of total mastectomy, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, radiotherapy after breast conservation, ordering of Oncotype DX, and the use of endocrine therapy (P < .05). On multivariate analysis, factors found to be associated with worse overall survival were older age, black race, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, high tumor grade and stage of disease, and undergoing total mastectomy. Residing in a higher income area; having progesterone receptor–positive tumors; and receipt of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy were associated with better overall survival.ConclusionsDespite the lack of prospective randomized trials in patients with MBC, the results of the current study demonstrated that the treatment of this disease has evolved over the years. These findings further the understanding of the modern treatment and prognosis of MBC, and identify several areas for further research.
FNA cytology of postoperative pseudotumoral lesions induced by oxidized cellulose hemostatic agents
Authors: Hernández‐Bonilla Silvia , Rodríguez‐García Ana M. , Jiménez‐Heffernan José A. , Muñoz‐Hernández Patricia , Palacios‐Lázaro Elena , López‐Ferrer Pilar , González‐Peramato Pilar , Vicandi Blanca 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe use of topically applied hemostatic substances during surgery has become a common practice. In some cases, the material is not absorbed or induces a granulomatous reaction resulting in a pseudotumoral lesion. With imaging studies, it is not possible to differentiate this from a tumor recurrence or abscess. This study describes the authors' cytologic experience with a large series of pseudotumoral lesions induced by oxidized cellulose, one of the most commonly used hemostatic agents. Almost no cytologic descriptions are available in the medical literature.MethodsSixteen patients were evaluated, and the most common sites of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) were the mediastinum and thyroid surgical bed. Other locations were the axilla, neck, vulva, liver, and retroperitoneum. All these lesions appeared after surgical procedures in which oxidized cellulose was used as a topical hemostatic agent. The interval time between surgery and FNA varied from 4 to 46 months with a mean of 15 months.ResultsCytology samples showed very similar findings. In all cases, foreign‐body material with a variable granulomatous reaction was present. Oxidized cellulose was seen as laminated inorganic fragments and most often showed an elongated, quadrangular appearance. Amorphous, ill‐defined fragments as well as a dense proteinaceous background with phagocytic cells were also present.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrates that FNA cytology is a very useful method for the detection of pseudotumoral lesions induced by hemostatic agents. Pathologists must be familiarized with this finding because cytology permits easy differentiation from tumor recurrence.
Highly Photosensitive Daguerreotypes and their Reproduction: Physico‐chemical Elucidation of Innovative Processes in Photography Developed around 1840 in Vienna
Authors: Ljubić Tobisch Valentina , Kautek Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA physico‐chemical elucidation of the first photographic technology that allowed manifold reproduction is presented. An etched daguerreotype manufactured around 1840 in Vienna, preserved by the Technisches Museum Wien, served as a case study. Surface analysis showed that the photographic process involved the formation of colloidal Ag nanoparticles with sizes of 30–120 nm with shell layers consisting of Ag2O, Ag2S, and some AgCl. This breakthrough photographic technique provided a hitherto unachieved high sensitivity because of various halogenide mixtures without the use of Hg. The image development consisted of the reduction of the Ag halides by H2SO3 created by the hydrolysis of S2Cl2 leading to the formation of Ag nanoparticles adjacent to the Ag nuclei of the latent image. The fixing of the image was performed either by KCN or by Na2S2O3. The investigated plate exhibits etched areas with Ag2O conversion layers and no Cl or S. The gum arabic use for etching preferentially wetted the exposed Ag nanoparticle regions so that unexposed areas could be etched by HNO3.
Pristine‐Graphene‐Supported Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Self‐Assembled from Glucaminium‐Based Ionic Liquids as Metal‐Free Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Ming , Li Tianhao , Jia Lichao , Li Huilin , Yuan Weiyong , Li Chang Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor the first time, graphene‐supported N‐doped carbon (G@NC) with a high degree of N doping was synthesized by in situ self‐assembly of a glucaminium‐based ionic liquid on pristine graphene under hydrothermal conditions. This 2D, metal‐free nanohybrid exhibited much higher catalytic activity than most reported metal‐free catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and even state‐of‐the‐art Ir‐ and Ru‐based catalysts because the high content of graphitic N greatly increased the number of OER‐active sites, the pristine graphene significantly promoted the OER activity of the C sites adjacent to the graphitic N atoms, and N‐doped graphitic carbon remarkably enhanced the charge‐transfer rate. This work not only creates a facile and economical approach to controllably fabricate pristine‐graphene‐supported carbon with a high N‐doping level for the development of highly efficient metal‐free OER catalysts but also provides insight into the mechanisms for both the in situ self‐assembly and the high OER catalytic activity of G@NC.
Chemoenzymatic Halocyclization of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols
Authors: Younes Sabry H. H. , Tieves Florian , Lan Dongming , Wang Yonghua , Süss Philipp , Brundiek Henrike , Wever Ron , Hollmann Frank 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA chemoenzymatic method for the halocyclization of unsaturated alcohols and acids by using the robust V‐dependent chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis (CiVCPO) as catalyst has been developed for the in situ generation of hypohalites. A broad range of halolactones and cyclic haloethers are formed with excellent performance of the biocatalyst.
Rapid redistribution of agricultural land alters avian richness, abundance, and functional diversity
Authors: Pringle Stephen , Chiweshe Ngoni , Steward Peter R. , Mundy Peter J. , Dallimer Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe conversion of natural, or seminatural, habitats to agricultural land and changes in agricultural land use are significant drivers of biodiversity loss. Within the context of land‐sharing versus land‐sparing debates, large‐scale commercial agriculture is known to be detrimental to biodiversity, but the effects of small‐scale subsistence farming on biodiversity are disputed. This poses a problem for sustainable land‐use management in the Global South, where approximately 30% of farmland is small‐scale. Following a rapid land redistribution program in Zimbabwe, we evaluated changes in avian biodiversity by examining richness, abundance, and functional diversity.Rapid land redistribution has, in the near term, resulted in increased avian abundance in newly farmed areas containing miombo woodland and open habitat. Conversion of seminatural ranched land to small‐scale farms had a negative impact on larger‐bodied birds, but species richness increased, and birds in some feeding guilds maintained or increased abundance. We found evidence that land‐use change caused a shift in the functional traits of the communities present. However, functional analyses may not have adequately reflected the trait filtering effect of land redistribution on large species.Whether newly farmed landscapes in Zimbabwe can deliver multiple benefits in terms of food production and habitat for biodiversity in the longer term is an open question. When managing agricultural land transitions, relying on taxonomic measures of diversity, or abundance‐weighted measures of function diversity, may obscure important information. If the value of smallholder‐farmed land for birds is to be maintained or improved, it will be essential to ensure that a wide array of habitat types is retained alongside efforts to reduce hunting and persecution of large bird species.
Postfracturing permeability prediction for CBM well with the analysis of fracturing pressure decline
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyang , Wu Caifang , Wang Ziwei , Xu Dongjing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydraulic fracturing is a widely used reservoir stimulation technique to exploit CBM in China. Compared with the original permeability of coal reservoir, the postfracturing permeability is more critical for the productivity evaluation of CBM wells. Based on hydraulic fracturing, microseismics monitoring, and well test data of the CBM wells in Zhengzhuang block of Qinshui Basin, this paper proposes a simple method to obtain the fitting pressure by the classic fracturing pressure decline analysis theory under the condition of corrected dynamic overall leakoff coefficient. In addition, the postfracturing permeability of coal reservoir is predicted by the injection well testing theory. The morphology of hydraulic fractures in the study area is mainly determined by in‐situ stress, and most fractures are vertical ones propagating along the direction of the maximum principal stress. The fracturing curves of the study area can be classified into stable curves, stably fluctuating curves, descending curves, ascending curves, and fluctuating curves, where the stable and descending fracturing curves represent better fracturing effect. The length of hydraulic fractures is much greater than the height. The PKN model has been selected as the hydraulic fracture propagation model to analyze the fracturing pressure decline. The slope value of liner segment of G(δ,0) curve is proposed as the criterion for the fitting pressure calculation. The postfracturing permeabilities of coal reservoir range from 1.55 to 8.83 × 10−3 μm2, all of which are remarkably higher than that of the original reservoir.
A novel analytical model of initial fracture pressure for horizontal staged fracturing in fractured reservoir
Authors: Liang Lixi , Ding Yi , Liu Xiangjun , Luo Pingya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe horizontal well‐staged fracturing technology has been widely used in many oilfields to enhance well production by creating fracture network. Accurate prediction of fracture initiation is significant for successful hydraulic fracturing operation. However, hydraulic fracture initiation in fractured reservoir is highly tricky due to its rich natural fractures and artificial fractures previously created during staged fracturing. These fractures are thought to be major factors in conducting efficient staged fracturing in fractured reservoir. Therefore, in this paper, induced stress from artificial fractures has been analyzed by using two‐dimensional analytical model. Besides, based on the assumption that rock in the formation is composed by rock matrix and fracture plane, considering tensile and shear failure type, failure criterion with multiple natural fracture planes has been developed. By combining impacts from natural fractures and artificial fractures, we establish an analytical model to calculate initial fracture pressure for horizontal staged fracturing in fractured reservoir. These results demonstrate that induced stress is associated with artificial fractures’ location, height, and number. This induced stress leads to increment of initial fracture pressure, restricting fracture initiation. Due to natural fractures, there are three types of initiation, which are tensile failure along rock matrix, tensile failure along natural fracture, and shear failure along natural fracture plane. When rock failure is related to natural fracture, initial fracture pressure decreases and is variable with natural fracture plane occurrence. Especially, with large number of natural fractures, only one initiation type exists, which is tensile failure along natural fracture. Additionally, for horizontal borehole, influencing extent of fracture planes is associated with wellbore trajectory. The case study proves the applicability of this analytical model, meaning it can be used to guide horizontal staged fracturing in oilfield.
A molecular study of synovial chondromatosis
Authors: Agaram Narasimhan P. , Zhang Lei , Dickson Brendan C. , Swanson David , Sung Yun‐Shao , Panicek David M. , Hameed Meera , Healey John H. , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSynovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare benign cartilaginous neoplasm in which recurrent fibronectin 1 (FN1) and activin receptor 2A (ACVR2A) gene rearrangements have been recently reported. Triggered by a case of malignant transformation in SC (synovial chondrosarcoma) showing a novel KMT2A‐BCOR gene fusion by targeted RNA sequencing, we sought to evaluate the molecular abnormalities in a cohort of 27 SC cases using a combined methodology of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or targeted RNA sequencing. Results showed that FN1 and /or ACVR2A gene rearrangements were noted in 18 cases (67%), with an FN1‐ACVR2A fusion being confirmed in 15 (56%) cases. Two cases showed only FN1 gene rearrangement, without other abnormalities. A novel FN1‐NFATc2 gene fusion was noted in one case by RNA sequencing. The remaining nine cases showed no abnormalities in FN1 and ACVR2A genes. No additional cases showed BCOR gene alterations. In conclusion, this study confirms that FN1‐ACVR2A fusion is the leading pathogenetic event in SC, at even higher frequency than previously reported. FISH methodology emerges as an appropriate tool in the identification of FN1 and ACVR2A gene abnormalities, which can be used in challenging cases. Further studies are needed to determine the recurrent potential of BCOR abnormalities in this disease.
The extended spectrum of RAS‐MAPK pathway mutations in colorectal cancer
Authors: Costigan Danielle C. , Dong Fei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCurrent clinical guidelines recommend mutation analysis for select codons in KRAS and NRAS exons 2, 3, and 4 and BRAF V600E to guide therapy selection and prognostic stratification in advanced colorectal cancer. This study evaluates the impact of extended molecular testing on the detection of RAS‐MAPK pathway mutations. Panel next‐generation sequencing results of colorectal cancer specimens from 5795 individuals from the American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (AACR Project GENIE) were included. Mutations in RAS‐MAPK pathway genes were analyzed and functionally annotated. Colorectal cancers had recurrent pathogenic pathway activating mutations in KRAS (44%), NRAS (4%), HRAS (<1%), BRAF (10%), MAP2K1 (1%), RAF1 (<1%), and PTPN11 (<1%). The proportion of colorectal cancers with pathogenic RAS pathway mutations was 37% when only KRAS codon 12 and 13 mutations were considered, 46% when also including select KRAS and NRAS exons 2, 3, and 4 mutations, 53% when including BRAF V600E mutations, and 56% when including all pathogenic mutations. Panel next‐generation sequencing testing identifies additional RAS‐MAPK pathway driver mutations beyond current guideline recommendations. These mutations have potential implications in treatment selection for patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Improving fitness increases dentate gyrus/CA3 volume in the hippocampal head and enhances memory in young adults
Authors: Nauer Rachel K. , Dunne Matthew F. , Stern Chantal E. , Storer Thomas W. , Schon Karin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConverging evidence suggests a relationship between aerobic exercise and hippocampal neuroplasticity that interactively impacts hippocampally dependent memory. The majority of human studies have focused on the potential for exercise to reduce brain atrophy and attenuate cognitive decline in older adults, whereas animal studies often center on exercise‐induced neurogenesis and hippocampal plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of young adult animals. In the present study, initially sedentary young adults (18–35 years) participated in a moderate‐intensity randomized controlled exercise intervention trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02057354) for a duration of 12 weeks. The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship between change in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as determined by estimated
MAX, hippocampally dependent mnemonic discrimination, and change in hippocampal subfield volume. Results show that improving CRF after exercise training is associated with an increased volume in the left DG/CA3 subregion in young adults. Consistent with previous studies that found exercise‐induced increases in anterior hippocampus in older adults, this result was specific to the hippocampal head, or most anterior portion, of the subregion. Our results also demonstrate a positive relationship between change in CRF and change in corrected accuracy for trials requiring the highest level of discrimination on a putative behavioral pattern separation task. This relationship was observed in individuals who were initially lower‐fit, suggesting that individuals who show greater improvement in their CRF may receive greater cognitive benefit. This work extends animal models by providing evidence for exercise‐induced neuroplasticity specific to the neurogenic zone of the human hippocampus.