bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadcasting Buildings
Authors: Yusaf Shundana 
Published: December 2018

How the BBC shaped popular perceptions of architecture and placed them at the heart of debates over participatory democracy.
In the years between the world wars, millions of people heard the world through a box on the dresser. In Britain, radio listeners relied on the British Broadcasting Corporation for information on everything from interior decoration to Hitler's rise to power. One subject covered regularly on the wireless was architecture and the built environment. Between 1927 and 1945, the BBC aired more than six hundred programs on this topic, published a similar number of articles in its magazine, The Listener, and sponsored several traveling exhibitions. In this book, Shundana Yusaf examines the ways that broadcasting placed architecture at the heart of debates on democracy.
Undaunted by the challenge of talking about space and place in disembodied voices over a nonvisual medium, designers and critics turned the wireless into an arena for debates about the definitions of the architect and architecture, the difficulties of town and country planning after the breakup of large country estates, the financing of the luxury market, the expansion of local governing power, and tourism. Yusaf argues that while broadcast technology made a decisive break with the Victorian world, these broadcasts reflected the BBC's desire to continue the legacy of Victorian institutions dedicated to the production of a cultivated polity. Under the leadership of John Reith, the BBC introduced listeners to the higher pleasures of life hoping to deepen their respect for tradition, the authority of the state, and national interests. These ambitions influenced the way architecture was portrayed on the air. Yusaf finds that the wireless evoked historic architecture only in travelogues and contemporary design mainly in shopping advice. The BBC's architectural programming, she argues, offered a paradoxical interface between the placelessness of radio and the situatedness of architecture, between the mechanical or nonhumanistic impulses of technology and the humanist conception of architecture.
Free Will
Authors: Balaguer Mark 
Published: December 2018

A philosopher considers whether the scientific and philosophical arguments against free will are reason enough to give up our belief in it.
In our daily life, it really seems as though we have free will, that what we do from moment to moment is determined by conscious decisions that we freely make. You get up from the couch, you go for a walk, you eat chocolate ice cream. It seems that we're in control of actions like these; if we are, then we have free will. But in recent years, some have argued that free will is an illusion. The neuroscientist (and best-selling author) Sam Harris and the late Harvard psychologist Daniel Wegner, for example, claim that certain scientific findings disprove free will. In this engaging and accessible volume in the Essential Knowledge series, the philosopher Mark Balaguer examines the various arguments and experiments that have been cited to support the claim that human beings don't have free will. He finds them to be overstated and misguided.
Balaguer discusses determinism, the view that every physical event is predetermined, or completely caused by prior events. He describes several philosophical and scientific arguments against free will, including one based on Benjamin Libet's famous neuroscientific experiments, which allegedly show that our conscious decisions are caused by neural events that occur before we choose. He considers various religious and philosophical views, including the philosophical pro-free-will view known as compatibilism. Balaguer concludes that the anti-free-will arguments put forward by philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists simply don't work. They don't provide any good reason to doubt the existence of free will. But, he cautions, this doesn't necessarily mean that we have free will. The question of whether we have free will remains an open one; we simply don't know enough about the brain to answer it definitively.
Exploring the mechanistic link between corticosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in a wild passerine bird
Authors: Tóth Zsófia , Ouyang Jenny Q. , Lendvai Ádám Z. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Physiological regulators of life history trade-offs need to be responsive to sudden changes of resource availability. When homeostasis is challenged by unpredictable stressors, vertebrates respond through a set of physiological reactions, which can promote organismal survival. Glucocorticoids have been traditionally recognized as one of the main regulators of the physiological stress response, but the role of an evolutionarily more conserved pathway, the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic (HPS) axis producing insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has received much less attention. Although IGF-1 is known to affect several life history traits, little is known about its role in the physiological stress response and it has never been studied directly in adult wild animals.

Methods
In this study, we combined field observations with a controlled experiment to investigate how circulating levels of IGF-1 change in response to stress and whether this change is due to concomitant change in glucocorticoids in a free-living songbird, the bearded reedling Panurus biarmicus. We used a standard capture-restraint protocol in field observation, in which we took first and second (stress induced: 15 minutes later) samples. In a follow-up experiment, we used a minimally invasive oral corticosterone manipulation.

Results
We showed that corticosterone levels significantly increased while IGF-1 levels significantly decreased during capture and handling stress. However, change in corticosterone levels were not related to change in IGF-1 levels. We found that experimentally elevated corticosterone levels did not affect IGF-1 levels.

Discussion
Our results are the first to highlight that circulating IGF-1 levels are responsive to stress independently from glucocorticoids and suggest that the HPS axis is an autonomous physiological pathway that may play an important role as regulator of life-history decisions.
Interlanguage
Authors: Tarone Elaine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAt a time when no systematic research was being conducted on second language acquisition, Selinker proposed that a linguistic system (interlanguage, or IL) underlies the learner language produced by adults when they attempt meaningful communication using a language they are in the process of learning (target language). He called for research to compare the structure of that learner language with the structure of the learner's native language and the target language, and to identify the psycholinguistic processes that shape interlanguage over time. This call initiated a flood of research studies and the establishment of the field of second language acquisition (SLA). This entry defines the essential elements of the interlanguage hypothesis as proposed in 1972, including the five psycholinguistic processes Selinker hypothesized as possibly influential: native language transfer, overgeneralization, transfer of training, strategies of communication, and strategies of learning; Selinker's controversial proposals that all interlanguages fossilize; and the claim that the relevant data for the study of interlanguage should be restricted to learner language produced during meaningful communication. The entry reviews the evolution of the interlanguage hypothesis in relation to several themes: the expansion of the hypothesis to apply to learners of all ages and to view IL as a natural language that obeys principles of universal grammar, and the exploration of the impact of social context and agency on IL psycholinguistic processes (including processes of fossilization and crosslinguistic influence). The basic assumption that interlanguage is systematic continues to underlie data collection and data analysis across the field of SLA.
Polyelemental Nanolithography via Plasma Ion Bombardment: From Fabrication to Superior H2 Sensing Application
Authors: Jung Woo‐Bin , Cho Soo‐Yeon , Suh Bong Lim , Yoo Hae‐Wook , Jeon Hwan‐Jin , Kim Jihan , Jung Hee‐Tae 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe development of complex nanostructures containing a homo‐ and heteromixture of two or more metals is a considerable challenge in nanotechnology. However, previous approaches are considerably limited to the number of combinations of metals depending on the compatibility of elements, and to the complex shape control of the nanostructure. In this study, a significant step is taken toward resolving these limitations via the utilization of a low‐energy argon‐ion bombardment. The multilayer films are etched and re‐sputtered on the sidewall of the pre‐pattern, which is a secondary sputtering phenomenon. In contrast to the precursor mixing method, most metallic combinations can be fabricated. The degree of mixing is tuned by the control of the sequence and thickness of multilayers. In addition, the feature shape and dimensions are controlled by changing the pre‐pattern or by controlling the ion‐beam angle. Using this method, the shortest response time (2 s to 1% H2) in comparison with those of Pd‐based H2 sensors reported previously and a limit of detection below 1 parts per million (ppm) for Pd/Au and Pd/Pt bimetallic line arrays are achieved. This study is expected to realize a family of polyelements that can be used in various applications.
A Highly Active Star Decahedron Cu Nanocatalyst for Hydrocarbon Production at Low Overpotentials
Authors: Choi Chungseok , Cheng Tao , Flores Espinosa Michelle , Fei Huilong , Duan Xiangfeng , Goddard William A. , Huang Yu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) presents a viable approach to recycle CO2 gas into low carbon fuels. Thus, the development of highly active catalysts at low overpotential is desired for this reaction. Herein, a high‐yield synthesis of unique star decahedron Cu nanoparticles (SD‐Cu NPs) electrocatalysts, displaying twin boundaries (TBs) and multiple stacking faults, which lead to low overpotentials for methane (CH4) and high efficiency for ethylene (C2H4) production, is reported. Particularly, SD‐Cu NPs show an onset potential for CH4 production lower by 0.149 V than commercial Cu NPs. More impressively, SD‐Cu NPs demonstrate a faradaic efficiency of 52.43% ± 2.72% for C2H4 production at −0.993 ± 0.0129 V. The results demonstrate that the surface stacking faults and twin defects increase CO binding energy, leading to the enhanced CO2RR performance on SD‐Cu NPs.
Wafer‐Scale Fabrication of High‐Performance n‐Type Polymer Monolayer Transistors Using a Multi‐Level Self‐Assembly Strategy
Authors: Yao Ze‐Fan , Zheng Yu‐Qing , Li Qi‐Yi , Lei Ting , Zhang Song , Zou Lin , Liu Han‐Yu , Dou Jin‐Hu , Lu Yang , Wang Jie‐Yu , Gu Xiaodan , Pei Jian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWafer‐scale fabrication of high‐performance uniform organic electronic materials is of great challenge and has rarely been realized before. Previous large‐scale fabrication methods always lead to different layer thickness and thereby poor film and device uniformity. Herein, the first demonstration of 4 in. wafer‐scale, uniform, and high‐performance n‐type polymer monolayer films is reported, enabled by controlling the multi‐level self‐assembly process of conjugated polymers in solution. Since the self‐assembly process happened in solution, the uniform 2D polymer monolayers can be facilely deposited on various substrates, and theoretically without size limitations. Polymer monolayer transistors exhibit high electron mobilities of up to 1.88 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is among the highest in n‐type monolayer organic transistors. This method allows to easily fabricate n‐type conjugated polymers with wafer‐scale, high uniformity, low contact resistance, and excellent transistor performance (better than the traditional spin‐coating method). This work provides an effective strategy to prepare large‐scale and uniform 2D polymer monolayers, which could enable the application of conjugated polymers for wafer‐scale sophisticated electronics.
A facile on‐bead method for fully symmetric tetra‐substituted DOTA derivatizations using peptoid moieties
Authors: Rustagi Vineeta , Gomika Udugamasooriya D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe metal‐chelated 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) has made a significant impact on the field of diagnostic imaging. This imaging mechanism is largely dependent on the four side arm functionalities around the DOTA scaffold. We previously demonstrated the effect of peptoid residue modification on these DOTA side arms, thereby conferring diverse physiochemical properties to the imaging mechanism. We generated two on‐bead Eu(III)‐DOTA libraries with three side arm modifications, where the remaining arm was used to attach DOTA onto the resin. However, having an on‐bead fully symmetric tetra‐substituted DOTA synthesis route can greatly improve the fields of diagnostic, therapeutic, and theragnostic agent development. Here, we report an efficient method for the synthesis of symmetric tetra‐substituted DOTA derivatives by modification with peptoid moieties on all four arms using a conceptually unique solid‐phase synthesis approach. Resins with different loading capacities were examined for synthesis feasibility and high loading resins were most effective. The reaction yields were also studied by varying the number of peptoid residues and incorporating different linkers. We have tested the binding ability of the tetra‐substituted derivative with its previously tested tri‐substituted analogs as model applications. Our protocol provides an efficient and facile on‐bead synthesis route for fully symmetric tetra‐substituted DOTA derivatizations.
Quantification and pharmacokinetic study of entrectinib in rat plasma using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Qiong , Fang Ping , Zheng Lulu , Ye Lei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo characterize the preclinical plasma pharmacokinetics of entrectinib, a reproducible and precise assay is necessary. In this study, we developed and validated a simple ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method for the measurement of entrectinib using carbamazepine as the internal standard in rat plasma. Sample preparation was a simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile, then entrectinib was eluted on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) using a gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid in water (B). Detection was achieved using multiple‐reaction monitoring in positive ion electrospray ionization mode. The method showed good linearity over the concentration range of 1–250 ng/mL (r2 > 0.9951). The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was determined with the values of 6.3–12.9 and 2.6–6.9%, respectively, and accuracy values of 0.5–11.6%. Matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability data all met the acceptance criteria of US Food and Drug Administration guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study. In this study, we developed the complete validated method for the quantification of entrectinib in rat plasma.
Stability and degradation products of imipenem applying high‐resolution mass spectrometry: An analytical study focused on solutions for infusion
Authors: de Souza Barbosa Fábio , Capra Pezzi Leonardo , Tsao Marisa , Franco de Oliveira Tiago , Manoela Dias Macedo Sandra , E.S. Schapoval Elfrides , S.L. Mendez Andreas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCarbapenems show recognized instability in aqueous solutions; therefore some care must be taken in their handling and preparation and their use in the hospital environment. The stability and degradation products of imipenem were investigated from conditions that simulate its clinical use. For this, a simple stability‐indicating method by HPLC‐DAD was validated with a focus on the quantitation of drug concentration remaining from infusion solutions (sodium chloride 0.9% and glucose 5%). The degradation products formed were identified by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS), with detection of the [M + H]+ ions at m/z 318 (DP‐1), m/z 599 (DP‐2) and m/z 658 (DP‐3). The most probable elemental compositions were obtained with a high degree of confidence, where the error between the masses observed and calculated was 1.25 ppm for DP‐1, −0.33 ppm for DP‐2 and 1.82 ppm for DP‐3. The DP‐1 degradation product resulted from cleavage of the β‐lactam ring; DP‐2 corresponded to the drug dimer; and DP‐3 was generated from the interaction between imipenem and cilastatin. The proposed method provides a safe and reliable alternative for the quantitation of imipenem, and the stability data obtained by ESI‐Q‐TOF help in understanding the drug behavior under the conditions of clinical use.
Ex‐vivo percutaneous bypass: Limb perfusion in the setting of occlusive large bore sheath
Authors: Shah Zeel , Alraies M. Chadi , Soud Mohamad , Kaki Amir 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSuccessful cardiac catheterization procedure begins with safe vascular access and ends with effective hemostasis after equipment removal. These new and advanced technologies in the cath lab require large‐bore arterial accesses. Large‐bore sheaths are associated with blood flow obstruction resulting in limb ischemia. In this case we present a 48‐year‐old woman was admitted NSTEMI and cardiogenic shock requiring mechanical circulatory support. Selective left common iliac angiography demonstrated obstructive flow at the level of the left CFA (access site). Therefore, ipsilateral bypass circuit was done. The current case illustrates the utility of a temporary ex‐vivo bypass circuit to preserve limb perfusion in the presence of an occlusive large bore sheath. The technique permits sufficient hemodynamic support while maintaining limb perfusion and can be used for any occlusive large bore sheath.
Model validation in dynamic systems for time‐course data with complex error structures
Authors: Kim Yoonji , Kim Jaejik 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDynamic systems with ordinary differential equations have been widely used to describe dynamic processes in various fields such as chemistry, biology, and physics. The dynamic systems are usually constructed using time‐course data measured from experiments at discrete time points. Such experimental time‐course data typically have complex error structures while the dynamic systems are mathematical and deterministic models without random errors. Because of the inflexible nature of mathematical models, the model fits might not cover the whole range of data variations, and there might be a discrepancy between the models and real processes. Moreover, since those experiments typically yield sparse data with high variation, for more accurate prediction, dynamic systems should be statistically validated in terms of observed data. Thus, this study proposes a validation method for dynamic systems. In particular, the proposed method focuses on models from time‐course data with complex error structures such as heteroscedasticity, correlations between objects, and time dependence.
Whole mouse brain reconstruction and registration to a reference atlas with standard histochemical processing of coronal sections
Authors: Eastwood Brian S. , Hooks Bryan M. , Paletzki Ronald F. , O'Connor Nathan J. , Glaser Jacob R. , Gerfen Charles R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAdvances in molecular neuroanatomical tools have expanded the ability to map in detail connections of specific neuron subtypes in the context of behaviorally driven patterns of neuronal activity. Analysis of such data across the whole mouse brain, registered to a reference atlas, aids in understanding the functional organization of brain circuits related to behavior. A process is described to image mouse brain sections labeled with standard histochemical techniques, reconstruct those images into a whole brain image volume and register those images to the Allen Mouse Brain Common Coordinate Framework. Image analysis tools automate detection of cell bodies and quantification of axon density labeling in the structures in the annotated reference atlas. Examples of analysis are provided for mapping the axonal projections of layer‐specific cortical neurons using Cre‐dependent AAV vectors and for mapping inputs to such neurons using retrograde transsynaptic tracing with modified rabies viral vectors.
Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I Regulation and Its Actions in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Vassilakos Georgios , Barton Elisabeth R. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) pathway is essential for promoting growth and survival of virtually all tissues. It bears high homology to its related protein insulin, and as such, there is an interplay between these molecules with regard to their anabolic and metabolic functions. Skeletal muscle produces a significant proportion of IGF‐1, and is highly responsive to its actions, including increased muscle mass and improved regenerative capacity. In this overview, the regulation of IGF‐1 production, stability, and activity in skeletal muscle will be described. Second, the physiological significance of the forms of IGF‐1 produced will be discussed. Last, the interaction of IGF‐1 with other pathways will be addressed. © 2019 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol9:413‐438, 2019.
High response torque control of IPMSM using state feedback control based on n‐t coordinate system
Authors: Matsuki Yosuke , Doki Shinji 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a torque control method for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). The proposed method uses state feedback control based on a new n‐t coordinate system and controls the voltage amplitude and phase based on the coordinate system. The t‐axis is a tangent line of the constant voltage ellipse, and the n‐axis is a normal line of the ellipse. The n‐axis current is utilized to place the poles of the transfer function at the desired position and reduce the mutual coupling between the voltage amplitude controller and phase controller. The proposed method realizes a high torque response even under parameter variation for the linear range and over‐modulation range of the inverter, including a 6‐step mode. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation and experimental results.