bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Preschool and School Aged Children With Biliary Atresia and Their Native Liver
Authors: Squires James E. , Lee Ng Vicky , Hawthorne Kieran , Henn Lisa L. , Sorensen Lisa G. , Fredericks Emily M. , Alonso Estella M. , Murray Karen F. , Loomes Kathleen M. , Karpen Saul J. , Cavallo Laurel A. , Molleston Jean P. , Bezerra Jorge A. , Rosenthal Philip , Squires Robert H. , Wang Kasper S. , Schwarz Kathleen B. , Arnon Ronen , Magee John C. , Sokol Ronald J. ,   Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN)
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the study was to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes among children with biliary atresia (BA) surviving with their native liver at ages 3 to 12 years and evaluate variables that associate with neurodevelopment.Methods:Participants (ages 3–12 years) in a prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study underwent neurodevelopmental testing with Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 3rd edition (WPPSI‐III, ages 3–5 years) and Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition (WISC‐IV, ages 6–12 years). Continuous scores were analyzed using Kolmogorov‐Smironov tests compared with a normal distribution (mean = 100 ± 15). Effect of covariates on Full‐Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) was analyzed using linear regression.Results:Ninety‐three participants completed 164 WPPSI‐III (mean age 3.9) and 51 WISC‐IV (mean age 6.9) tests. WPPSI‐III FSIQ (104 ± 14, P < 0.02), Verbal IQ (106 ± 14, P < 0.001), and General Language Composite (107 ± 16, P < 0.001) distributions were shifted higher compared with test norms. WISC‐IV FSIQ (105 ± 12, P < 0.01), Perceptual Reasoning Index (107 ± 12, P < 0.01), and Processing Speed Index (105 ± 10, P < 0.02) also shifted upwards. In univariate and multivariable analysis, parent education (P < 0.01) was a significant predictor of FSIQ on WPPSI‐III and positively associated with WISC‐IV FSIQ. Male sex and higher total bilirubin and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) predicted lower WPPSI‐III FSIQ. Portal hypertension was predictive of lower WISC‐IV FSIQ.Conclusions:This cohort of children with BA and native liver did not demonstrate higher prevalence of neurodevelopmental delays. Markers of advanced liver disease (higher total bilirubin and GGT for age ⩽5 years; portal hypertension for age ≥6) correlate with lower FSIQ and may identify a vulnerable subset of patients who would benefit from intervention.
Uncovering Demographic, Clinical, Triggering Factors Similarities Between Migraine and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Hajj Aline , Mourad Diane , Ghossoub May , Hallit Souheil , Geagea Antoine , Abboud Halim , El Mouallem Hanna , Saniour Philippe , El Hachem Nabil , Rabbaa Khabbaz Lydia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The objective was to uncover demographical and clinical factors associated with migraine and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a group of patients experiencing both painful disorders and to identify their triggering factors. A prospective study was performed between January 2016 and June 2017. Clinical characteristics and potential generating factors for both pathologies were then assessed using validated questionnaires. Our study showed that the percentage of patients diagnosed with migraine and having IBS was 34.3%. Compared with patients with migraine alone, patients having both diseases were identified with higher prevalence of concomitant chronic/psychiatric diseases, lower frequency of migraine attacks, and lower prevalence of throbbing/distressing/enervating pain and concentration difficulties than patients with migraine alone. Moreover, patients in this subgroup had moderate abdominal pain intensity, and constipation was the predominant stool type. Finally, some dietary and environmental factors seem to be significantly important triggering factors of migraine/IBS pain.
Developing Texting for Relapse Prevention: A Scalable mHealth Program for People With Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder
Authors: Ybarra Michele L. , Rodriguez Katrina , Madison Hannah , Mojtabai Ramin , Cullen Bernadette A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Symptom relapse in people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is common and has a negative impact on the course of illness. Here, we describe the development of Texting for Relapse Prevention, a scalable, cost-effective text messaging relapse prevention program that queries patients' “early warning signs” daily. Results of development focus groups and content advisory teams with 25 patients and 19 providers suggest that patients were enthusiastic about the program and thought that receiving daily messages about their symptoms would help them feel supported. Providers also were positive about the idea but worried that the program might interfere with patient-provider communication if patients thought that the messages were coming from providers. Patients found the content positive and actionable. The program was improved to address this feedback. This iterative development process that included multiple stakeholders ensured that the program is feasible and acceptable to both patients and providers.
Paranoid Ideation Without Psychosis Is Associated With Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide Attempts in General Population
Authors: Na Eun Jin , Choi Kwan Woo , Hong Jin Pyo , Cho Maeng Je , Fava Maurizio , Mischoulon David , Jeon Hong Jin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the association between paranoid ideation without psychosis (PIP) and suicide attempts in a general population. A total of 12,532 adults were randomly selected as the study sample through one-person-per-household method. Subjects completed a face-to-face interview. Among 12,532 subjects, 471 (3.76%) met criteria for the PIP group. The PIP group was younger with more divorced/widowed/separated and lower income than the non-PIP group. The PIP group showed more than fivefold higher lifetime suicide attempt (LSA) rates and ninefold multiple attempt rates than the non-PIP group. Among PIP symptoms, “spouse was being unfaithful” showed the strongest association with LSA (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.49; 95% confidence interval, 2.95–6.85). Major depressive disorder (MDD) in combination with PIP was associated with a higher risk of LSA (AOR, 15.39; 95% confidence interval, 9.63–24.59) compared with subjects without MDD or PIP. In conclusion, PIP, especially “doubting spouse,” was significantly associated with LSA. PIP in combination with comorbid MDD showed higher risk of LSA than subjects without PIP or MDD.
Diglossia in the Etiology of Schizophrenia
Authors: Alherz Mohammad , Almusawi Hashemiah , Barry Denis S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A hypothesis offering diglossia as a potential risk factor for schizophrenia is presented. This is supported primarily by an account of the numerous co-occurrences between the diglossic phenomenon and the established risk factors and features of schizophrenia, such as language impairment, working memory dysfunction, social adversity, urbanicity, migration, and ethnicity, as well as some of the broader educational elements including illiteracy, reading deficits, and poor academic attainment. With an emphasis on the inherent role of language in schizophrenia and the demand for elucidating a mechanism behind its risk factors, we propose that a diglossic environment in childhood may constitute a neurodevelopmental insult predisposing to the development of the disorder. This relationship may be mediated by the reduced lateralization of language in the brain, which has been observed in relation to schizophrenia.
A Practical Guide to Artificial Intelligence–Based Image Analysis in Radiology
Authors: Weikert Thomas , Cyriac Joshy , Yang Shan , Nesic Ivan , Parmar Victor , Stieltjes Bram 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful tool for image analysis that is increasingly being evaluated by radiology professionals. However, due to the fact that these methods have been developed for the analysis of nonmedical image data and data structure in radiology departments is not “AI ready”, implementing AI in radiology is not straightforward. The purpose of this review is to guide the reader through the pipeline of an AI project for automated image analysis in radiology and thereby encourage its implementation in radiology departments. At the same time, this review aims to enable readers to critically appraise articles on AI-based software in radiology.
Dual-Energy Low-keV or Single-Energy Low-kV CT for Endoleak Detection?
Authors: Skawran Stephan , Angst Florian , Blüthgen Christian , Eberhard Matthias , Kälin Pascal , Kobe Adrian , Nagy Daniel , Szucs-Farkas Zsolt , Alkadhi Hatem , Euler André 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare image quality, conspicuity, and endoleak detection between single-energy low-kV images (SEIs) and dual-energy low-keV virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs+) in computed tomography angiography of the aorta after endovascular repair.Materials and MethodsAn abdominal aortic aneurysm phantom simulating 36 endoleaks (2 densities; diameters: 2, 4, and 6 mm) in a medium- and large-sized patient was used. Each size was scanned using single-energy at 80 kVp (A) and 100 kVp (B), and dual-energy at 80/Sn150kVp for the medium (C) and 90/Sn150kVp for the large size (D). VMIs+ at 40 keV and 50 keV were reconstructed from protocols C and D. Radiation dose was 3 mGy for the medium and 6 mGy for the large size. Objective image quality and normalized noise power spectrum were determined. Subjective image quality, conspicuity, and sensitivity for endoleaks were independently assessed by 6 radiologists. Sensitivity was compared using Marascuilo procedure and Fisher exact test. Conspicuities were compared using Wilcoxon-matched pairs test, analysis of variance, and Tukey test.ResultsThe contrast-to-noise-ratio of the aorta was significantly higher for VMI+ compared with SEI (P< 0.001). Noise power spectrum showed a higher noise magnitude and coarser texture in VMI+. Subjective image quality and overall conspicuity was lower for VMI+ compared with SEI (P< 0.05). Sensitivity for endoleaks was overall higher in the medium phantom for SEI (60.9% for A, 62.2% for B) compared with VMI+ (54.2% for C, 49.3% for D) with significant differences between protocols B and D (P< 0.05). In the large phantom, there was no significant difference in sensitivity among protocols (P= 0.79), with highest rates for protocols B (31.4%) and C (31.7%).ConclusionsOur study indicates that low-keV VMI+ results in improved contrast-to-noise-ratio of the aorta, whereas noise properties, subjective image quality, conspicuity, and sensitivity for endoleaks were overall superior for SEI.
Bicanalicular Lacerations: Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes With a New Bicanalicular Silicone Stent
Authors: Han Shaolei , Wang Tingting , Jia Jinchen , Sun Suhuan , Fan Yiming 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Bicanalicular lacerations are relatively rare and more of a surgical challenge in clinical practice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of bicanalicular lacerations with a new bicanalicular silicone stent at a tertiary eye care center.

Methods:
All patients who underwent bicanalicular lacerations repair from January 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected for each patient included patient demographics, affected sides, cause of injuries, the timing of management, associated ocular injuries, the timing of stent removal, duration of follow-up and the outcomes of the surgical repair with a new bicanalicular silicone stent.

Results:
Thirty-six patients with bicanalicular lacerations met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 43.8 years old (range: 2–73years). Of the 36 patients, 33 (91.7%) were males and 3 (8.3%) were females. The right eye was injured in 17 patients (47.2%). All patients underwent surgical intervention within 24 hours. The most common cause of bicanalicular lacerations was electric bicycles accidents (7 patients, 19.4%), and followed by motor vehicle accidents (6 patients, 16.7%), blunt objects (6 patients, 16.7%), fights (6 patients, 16.7%), falls (3 patients, 12%), dog bites (2 patients, 5.6%), hook injuries (2 patients, 5.6%), broken glass (2 patients, 5.6%), and sharp objects (2 patients, 5.6%). The most common associated ocular injuries were orbital fracture (61.1%), followed by lid lacerations and open globe injuries. The functional success rate was 86.1%. The average interval between the surgery and the stent removal was 13.8 weeks (range: 8–20 weeks). All the stents were removed successfully without any difficulty in the outpatient department. The follow-up after stent removal ranged from 2 to 12 months (mean: 5.1months).

Conclusions:
Bicanalicular lacerations involvement occured in 6.8% of all canalicular lacerations. The most common cause of bicanalicular lacerations was electric bicycles accidents and the most common associated ocular injuries was orbital fracture in North China. The new bicanalicular silicone stent achieved good functional success (86.1%) in the management of bicanalicular lacerations.
A nonlinear relationship between prediction errors and learning rates in human reinforcement-learning
Authors: Ikwunne Boluwatife , Parham Jolie , Pulcu Erdem 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReinforcement-learning (RL) models have been pivotal to our understanding of how agents perform learning-based adaptions in dynamically changing environments. However, the exact nature of the relationship (e.g. linear, logarithmic etc.) between key components of RL models such as prediction errors (PEs; the difference between the agent’s expectation and the actual outcome) and learning rates (LRs; a coefficient used by agents to update their beliefs about the environment) has not been studied in detail. Here, across (i) simulations, (ii) reanalyses of readily available datasets and (iii) a novel experiment, we demonstrate that the relationship between PEs and LRs is (i) nonlinear over the PE/LR space, and (ii) it can be better accounted for by an exponential-logarithmic function that can transform the magnitude of PEs instantaneously to LRs. In line with the temporal predictions of this model, we show that physiological correlates of LRs accumulate while learners observe the outcome of their choices and update their beliefs about the environment.
High-resolution melt curve analysis for rapid detection of rifampicin resistance inmycobacterium tuberculosis: A single-center study in Iran
Authors: Arefzadeh Samaneh , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Azimi Taher , Nikpor Zahra , Dabiri Hossein , Doustdar Farahnoosh , Goudarzi Hossein , Alahyar Mohammad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionTuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, especially in developing countries. Early detection of resistance is extremely important to reduce the risk of death. This study was aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of high resolution melting (HRM) analysis in comparison with Xpert MTB/RIF as well as conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) for the detection of rifampicin (RIF) resistance inMycobacterium tuberculosisin Iran.Materials and methodsA comparative cross-sectional study was carried out from April 2017 to September 2018. A total of 80 culture-positive clinical samples selected during the study period were analyzed for detection of RIF-resistant TB by conventional DST, Xpert MTB/RIF, and sequencing. Sensitivity and specificity of the HRM calculated according to DST as our gold standard test in this study.ResultsThe overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of HRM assay were found to be 100%, 89.33%, 38.46%, and 100% respectively.ConclusionsThe analysis has demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy of HRM tests is insufficient to replace Xpert MTB/RIF and conventional DST. HRM test may be used in combination with culture due to the advantage of the time to result. Further work to improve molecular tests would benefit from standardized reference standards and the methodology.
Absence of a faster-X effect in beetles (Tribolium, Coleoptera)
Authors: Whittle Carrie A. , Kulkarni Arpita , Extavour Cassandra G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe faster-X effect, namely the rapid evolution of protein-coding genes on the X-chromosome, has been reported in numerous metazoans. However, the prevalence of this phenomenon across metazoans and its potential causes remain largely unresolved. Analysis of sex-biased genes may elucidate its possible mechanisms: a more pronounced faster-X effect in male-biased genes than in female-biased or unbiased genes, suggests fixation of recessive beneficial mutations rather than genetic drift. Further, theory predicts that the faster-X effect should be promoted by X-chromosome dosage compensation, but this topic remains rarely empirically examined.ResultsHere, we asked whether we could detect a faster-X effect in genes of the beetleTribolium castaneum(andT. freemaniorthologs), which has X/Y sex-determination and heterogametic males. Our comparison of protein sequence divergence (dN/dS) on the X-chromosome versus autosomes indicated the complete absence of a faster-X effect. Further, analyses of sex-biased gene expression revealed that the X-chromosome was strongly enriched for ovary-biased genes, which evolved under exceptionally high constraint. An evaluation of male X-chromosome dosage compensation in the gonads and in non-gonadal somatic tissues showed an extreme lack of compensation in the testis. This under-expression of the X chromosome in males may limit the phenotypic effect, and therefore likelihood of fixation, of recessive beneficial X-linked mutations in genes transcribed in male gonads.ConclusionsWe show that these beetles display a rare unequivocal example of the absence of a faster-X effect in a metazoan. We propose two potential causes for this, namely high constraint on X-linked ovary-biased genes, and an extreme lack of dosage compensation of genes transcribed in the testis.
An evaluation of Nephrology Literature for Transparency and Reproducibility Indicators: Cross-sectional Review
Authors: Fladie Ian A. , Adewumi Tomi , Vo Nam , Tritz Daniel , Vassar Matt 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundReproducibility is critical to diagnostic accuracy and treatment implementation. Concurrent with clinical reproducibility, research reproducibility establishes whether the use of identical study materials and methodologies in replication efforts permit researchers to arrive at similar results and conclusions. In this study, we address this gap by evaluating nephrology literature for common indicators of transparent and reproducible research.MethodsWe searched the National Library of Medicine catalog to identify 36 MEDLINE-indexed, English language nephrology journals. We randomly sampled 300 publications published between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018. In a duplicated and blinded fashion, two investigators screened and extracted data from the 300 publications.ResultsOur search yielded 28,835 publications, of which we randomly sampled 300 publications. Of the 300 publications, 152 (50.67%) were publicly available whereas 143 (47.67%) were restricted through paywall and 5 (1.67%) were inaccessible. Of the remaining 295 publications, 123 were excluded because they lack empirical data necessary for reproducibility. Of the 172 publications with empirical data, 43 (25%) reported data availability statements, 4 (2.33%) analysis scripts, 4 (2.33%) links to a protocol, and 10 (5.81%) were pre-registered.ConclusionOur study found that reproducible and transparent research practices are infrequently employed by the nephrology research community. Greater efforts should be made by both funders and journals, two entities that have the greatest ability to influence change. In doing so, an open science culture may eventually become the norm rather than the exception.
Mutation of theALBOSTRIANSOhnologous GeneHvCMF3Impairs Chloroplast Development and Thylakoid Architecture in Barley due to Reduced Plastid Translation
Authors: Li Mingjiu , Hensel Goetz , Melzer Michael , Junker Astrid , Tschiersch Henning , Arend Daniel , Kumlehn Jochen , Börner Thomas , Stein Nils 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTGene pairs resulting from whole genome duplication (WGD), so-called ohnologous genes, are retained only if at least one gene of the pair undergoes neo- or subfunctionalization. Sequence-based phylogenetic analyses of the ohnologous genesALBOSTRIANS(HvAST/HvCMF7) andALBOSTRIANS-LIKE(HvASL/HvCMF3) of barley (Hordeum vulgare) revealed that they belong to a newly identified subfamily of genes encoding CCT domain proteins with putative N-terminal chloroplast transit peptides. Recently, we showed that HvCMF7 is needed for chloroplast ribosome biogenesis. Here we demonstrate that mutations inHvCMF3lead to seedlings delayed in development. They exhibit axanthaphenotype and successively develop pale green leaves. Compared to the wild type, plastids of the mutant seedlings show decreased PSII efficiency and lower amounts of ribosomal RNAs; they contain less thylakoids and grana with a higher number of more loosely stacked thylakoid membranes. Site-directed mutagenesis ofHvCMF3identified a previously unknown functional region, which is highly conserved within this subfamily of CCT domain containing proteins. HvCMF3:GFP fusion constructs localized to plastids.Hvcmf3Hvcmf7double mutants indicated epistatic activity ofHvCMF7overHvCMF3.The chloroplast ribosome deficiency is discussed as the primary defect of theHvcmf3mutants. Our data suggests that HvCMF3 and HvCMF7 have similar but not identical functions.One-sentence summaryPhylogenetic and mutant analyses of the barley protein HvCMF3 (ALBOSTRIANS-LIKE) identified, in higher plants, a subfamily of CCT domain proteins with essential function in chloroplast development.
Antidepressant drugs act by directly binding to TRKB neurotrophin receptors
Authors: Casarotto Plinio C , Girych Mykhailo , Fred Senem M , Kovaleva Vera , Moliner Rafael , Enkavi Giray , Biojone Caroline , Cannarozzo Cecilia , Sahu Madhusmita Pryiadrashini , Kaurinkoski Katja , Brunello Cecilia A , Steinzeig Anna , Winkel Frederike , Patil Sudarshan , Vestring Stefan , Serchov Tsvetan , Diniz Cassiano RAF , Laukkanen Liina , Cardon Iseline , Antila Hanna , Rog Tomasz , Piepponen Timo Petteri , Bramham Clive R , Normann Claus , Lauri Sari E , Saarma Mart , Vattulainen Ilpo , Castrén Eero 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt is unclear how binding of antidepressant drugs to their targets gives rise to the clinical antidepressant effect. We discovered that the transmembrane domain of TRKB, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor that promotes neuronal plasticity and antidepressant responses, has a cholesterol-sensing function that mediates synaptic effects of cholesterol. We then found that both typical and fast-acting antidepressants directly bind to TRKB, thereby facilitating synaptic localization of TRKB and its activation by BDNF. Extensive computational approaches including atomistic molecular dynamics simulations revealed a binding site at the transmembrane region of TRKB dimers. Mutation of the TRKB antidepressant-binding motif impaired cellular, behavioral and plasticity-promoting responses to antidepressants in vitro and in vivo. We suggest that binding to TRKB and the allosteric facilitation of BDNF signaling is the common mechanism for antidepressant action, which proposes a framework for how molecular effects of antidepressants are translated into clinical mood recovery.