bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and species‐level predictions of road mortality risk using trait data
Authors: González‐Suárez Manuela , Zanchetta Ferreira Flávio , Grilo Clara 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimCollisions between wildlife and vehicles are recognized as one of the major causes of mortality for many species. Empirical estimates of road mortality show that some species are more likely to be killed than others, but to what extent this variation can be explained and predicted using intrinsic species characteristics remains poorly understood. This study aims to identify general macroecological patterns associated with road mortality and generate spatial and species‐level predictions of risks.LocationBrazil.Time period2001–2014.Major taxaBirds and mammals.MethodsWe fitted trait‐based random forest regression models (controlling for survey characteristics) to explain 783 empirical road mortality rates from Brazil, representing 170 bird and 73 mammalian species. Fitted models were then used to make spatial and species‐level predictions of road mortality risk in Brazil, considering 1,775 birds and 623 mammals that occur within the continental boundaries of the country.ResultsSurvey frequency and geographical location were key predictors of observed rates, but mortality was also explained by the body size, reproductive speed and ecological specialization of the species. Spatial predictions revealed a high potential standardized (per kilometre of road) mortality risk in Amazonia for birds and mammals and, additionally, a high risk in Southern Brazil for mammals. Given the existing road network, these predictions mean that >8 million birds and >2 million mammals could be killed per year on Brazilian roads. Furthermore, predicted rates for all Brazilian endotherms uncovered potential vulnerability to road mortality of several understudied species that are currently listed as threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.ConclusionWith a rapidly expanding global road network, there is an urgent need to develop improved approaches to assess and predict road‐related impacts. This study illustrates the potential of trait‐based models as assessment tools to gain a better understanding of the correlates of vulnerability to road mortality across species, and as predictive tools for difficult‐to‐sample or understudied species and areas.
Measures of Functioning in Patients With Episodic Migraine: Findings From a Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Phase 2b Trial With Galcanezumab
Authors: Ayer David W. , Skljarevski Vladimir , Ford Janet H. , Nyhuis Allen W. , Lipton Richard B. , Aurora Sheena K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjective – To evaluate 12‐week changes from baseline of 2 disease‐specific patient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures in adults with migraine treated with galcanezumab, an investigational humanized antibody binding calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), or placebo.Background – Preventing headache‐related functional impairment is an important goal of migraine preventive treatment and a measurement target for PROs. Understanding which drugs have the potential to improve patient functioning in addition to preventing migraine headaches is vital to lessening patient burden.Design/Methods – This Phase 2b double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study enrolled adults with episodic migraine. Galcanezumab (120 mg subcutaneous injection; n = 60) or placebo (n = 127) was administered every 28 days for 12 weeks. Post hoc secondary analyses were conducted for those who completed 12 weeks of treatment on 2 PROs: The Migraine‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) v2.1 and the Headache Impact Test™ (HIT‐6).Results – Analysis of covariance revealed significant differences in least square mean changes from baseline between galcanezumab and placebo for all MSQ domains including total mean change placebo of 18.63, galcanezumab of 27.36 (95% CI 2.449, 15.008; P‐value of .0067); Role Function‐Restrictive mean change placebo of 22.40, galcanezumab of 31.92 (95% CI 2.636, 16.518; P‐value of .0071); Role Function‐Preventive mean change placebo of 13.43, galcanezumab of 19.76 (95% CI 0.476, 12.185; P‐value of .0342); and Emotional Function mean change placebo of 16.88, galcanezumab of 26.61 (95% CI 2.789, 16.674; P‐value of .0063). At baseline, mean number of migraine headache days (MHDs) did not correlate with MSQ total scores or HIT‐6. At 12 weeks post‐treatment, MHD correlated with MSQ and HIT‐6 scores (all P < .0001). Change in MHD was associated with change in MSQ domains and change in HIT‐6 scores (all P < .0001).Conclusions – In comparison with placebo, treatment with galcanezumab was associated with significant functional improvements as reflected by changes in MSQ scores. Change in MHD was associated with improvements in MSQ and reductions in HIT‐6 scores, indicating the clinical importance of these changes in relation to PROs that measure function.
Mapping, in vivo, the uniformity of two skin properties alongside the human face by a 3D virtual approach
Authors: Pierre J. , Francois G. , Benize A. M. , Rubert V. , Coutet J. , Flament F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the homogeneity in the distribution of two cutaneous functions (hydration and elasticity) along the entire human face.Material and MethodsThe half faces (right or left, randomly chosen) of two groups of Caucasian women were measured on 24 different small sites (elasticity) and 41 others (hydration), by instruments of small‐sized probes (Cutometer® and Corneometer®, respectively). Hydration of the face was recorded at different times (up to 24 h), post application of a highly hydrating product. The recorded values (left and right half faces) were further gathered and digitally positioned on a virtual feminine face and their intensity was illustrated through a colored white (lower values)‐blue (higher values) scale.ResultsThe reconstitution of the mapping of the two measured parameters (from the left and right sides of different subjects), shows a perfect symmetry vis à vis the nose axis. However, both parameters present slightly variable but significant values along the human face. Sites from the temple are less elastic than chin or forehead. The upper and lower parts of the forehead show slight disparities in their elasticity values. Cheeks are significantly less prone at retaining their imparted hydration status (lost 2 h after application of a hydrating product) as compared to sub‐ocular regions or chin that retain their hydration up to 24 h. Attempts to establish a mutual relationship between the two skin properties unsurprisingly failed.ConclusionThe two studied skin properties show a slight but highly symmetric disparity along the entire human face.
Assessment of artefacts produced by metal posts on CBCT images
Authors: Lira de Farias Freitas A. P. , Cavalcanti Y. W. , Costa F. C. M. , Peixoto L. R. , Maia A. M. A. , Rovaris K. , Bento P. M. , Melo D. P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate artefact intensity in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of two alloys used in metal posts scanned using different exposure parameters.MethodologyThe sample consisted of 20 single‐rooted teeth divided into two groups for use with either a NiCr post or AgPd post. All teeth were scanned with and without their corresponding metal posts and with and without the presence of an extra restored tooth in the arch. The samples were scanned using CS 9000 3D scanner with two exposure protocols: 85 kV 6.3 mA and 85 kV 10 mA. Voxel size and FOV were fixed at 0.100 mm and 5 cm × 3.75 cm. The presence of artefacts was assessed qualitatively by two calibrated observers using the CBCT volume and paired 2D images, and quantitatively by one trained observer, using ImageJ software. Wilcoxon's signed rank, Mann–Whitney, kappa and chi‐square tests were used for qualitative analyses. Two‐way anova and Tukey's tests were used for quantitative analyses. All analyses were conducted considering the 95% confidence level (α < 0.05).ResultsFor the CBCT volume qualitative analysis, significant differences were observed between the metal alloys in the presence of an extra restored tooth, with higher artefact intensity for AgPd when assessing hypodense halos and lines (P = 0.006). Images with two restored teeth had significantly more hypodense and hyperdense lines (P = 0.033). When evaluating exposure parameters and number of restored teeth, the paired image quality analysis revealed significant disagreement between observers for diagnostic image quality (P = 0.001). Quantitative artefact analysis revealed higher artefact intensity for the AgPd posts in the presence of two restored teeth.ConclusionAlthough the exposure parameters tested did not interfere with artefact intensity, post alloys with a higher atomic number and the presence of another metal structure in the arch increased artefact intensity and impaired the diagnostic quality of CBCT images.
Lymphedema in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review of published literature
Authors: Micieli Robert , Alavi Afsaneh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundLymphedema is a debilitating complication of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) that can be therapeutically challenging. Systematic evaluation of the clinical presentation and management of this condition has yet to be performed.MethodsOVID MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched along with a review of the references of searched articles for all English reports discussing lymphedema secondary to HS.ResultsTwo case series and 15 case reports met inclusion criteria, representing 27 patients. On average, these patients had a history of HS for 18 years (range 4–30 years). Lymphedema was found in the following areas in order of frequency: scrotum (16 patients, 59%), penis (12 patients, 44%), labia majora (4 patients, 15%), perineum (3 patients, 11%), groin (3 patients, 11%), buttocks (2 patients, 7%), and abdomen (1 patient, 4%). In six patients (22%), lymphedema occurred in two or more of the aforementioned locations. Lymphedema most commonly presented not only as swelling with induration but also as verrucous papules or nodules. The majority of cases (14 patients, 52%) were treated with radical surgical excision combined with medical therapy and obtained favorable outcomes. Surgical defect was most frequently covered with split thickness skin grafts 7 patients, 54%) followed by skin flaps (3 patients, 11%) and healing by secondary intention (3 patients, 11%).ConclusionsLymphedema appears to be a relatively rare complication of chronic HS that most commonly affects the anogenital region. Based on the evidence available, dermatologists should pursue a collaborative approach with surgery in the management of this condition at early stages.
Association among chronotype, dietary behaviours, and caries experience in Brazilian adolescents: Is there a behavioural pattern?
Authors: da Silveira Karen Simon Rezende , Prado Ivana Meyer , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , Serra‐Negra Júnia Maria Cheib , Auad Sheyla Márcia 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundDental caries (DC) remains a public health issue. Chronotype, diet, and oral hygiene may influence its development.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of chronotype, diet, oral hygiene, and DC among 12‐year‐olds.MethodsA cross‐sectional study with 245 adolescents was conducted in public and private schools in southeast Brazil. Sociodemographics, dietary and oral hygiene habits were collected through a self‐reported questionnaire. Chronotype was assessed using the Portuguese version of the Puberty and Phase Preference Scale (PPPS). Subjects were examined for DC (WHO criteria). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed (P < 0.05).ResultsDC was present in 42.0% of the sample. In the bivariate analysis, a higher DMFT was associated with living in rural areas (P = 0.006), parents’/caregivers’ lower schooling (P = 0.008), and a not daily intake of vegetables (P = 0.033). Chronotype was not associated with DMFT scores. The Poisson regression model showed that adolescents who did not have breakfast regularly (PR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.17‐2.08; P = 0.003), lived in rural areas (PR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.59‐3.04; P < 0.001) and did not consume vegetables daily (PR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.11‐2.17; P = 0.009) were more likely to present a higher DMFT.ConclusionsDC is associated to living in rural areas and dietary habits, such as not having breakfast regularly and lack of daily intake of vegetables.
Buyout Transactions in the German‐speaking Region: Determinants of Abnormal Performance and Unlevered Returns
Authors: Söffge Fabian , Braun Reiner 
Published: August 2018

This is one of the first comprehensive studies of drivers of private equity performance in the German‐speaking region known as the DACH, made up of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. It contributes three things to private equity research: First, it explains how operational value drivers affect operational performance (operational alpha) and unlevered rates of return. Second, it whether the same relationships hold across different kinds of private equity business models (those with either organic or inorganic growth strategies; or whether PE investments are small‐cap or mid‐to‐large‐cap). Third, it distinguished between the periods before and after the global financial crisis of 2008.The authors found that (1) annualised benchmark‐adjusted EBITDA margin growth (i.e. improvement in EBITDA margin) is the most significant determinant in abnormal operational performance and unlevered returns, regardless of the business model; (2) private equity firms executing a buy‐and‐build strategy generate lower unlevered returns than those executing an organic growth strategy when the benchmark company is clearly outperformed, most likely because of limited PE managerial resources; (3) mid‐to‐large‐cap private equity firms generate higher unlevered returns and operational alphas than small‐cap private equity firms when the benchmark company is clearly outperformed, because, we believe, larger companies have a higher fixed cost leverage than smaller ones; and we have found that (4) buyout transactions exited during or after the financial crisis yield higher operational alphas but lower unlevered returns compared to buyout transactions exited before the crisis, when the portfolio company underperforms its benchmark company.
Valuation of Corporate Innovation and the Pricing of Risk in the Biopharmaceutical Industry: The Case of Gilead
Authors: Ottoo Richard Ebil 
Published: August 2018

Much of a firm's market value derives from expected future growth value rather than from the value of current operations or assets in place. Pharmaceutical companies are good examples of firms where much market value comes from expectations about drugs still in the development “pipeline.”Using a new osteoporosis drug being developed by Gilead Sciences, Inc., the author combines discounted cash flow methods values and real option models to value it. Alone, discounted cash flow (DCF) calculations are vulnerable to the assumptions of growth, cost of capital, and cash flows. But by integrating the real options approach with the DCF technique, one can value a new product in the highly regulated, risky and research‐intensive Biopharmaceutical industry.This article shows how to value a Biopharmaceutical product, tracked from discovery to market launch in a step‐by‐step manner. Improving over early real option models, this framework explicitly captures competition, speed of innovation, risk, financing need, the size of the market potential in valuing corporate innovation using a firm‐specific measure of risk and the industry‐wide value of growth operating cash flows.This framework shows how the risk of corporate innovation, which is not fully captured by the standard valuation models, is priced into the value of a firm's growth opportunity. The DCF approach permits top‐down estimation of the size of the industry‐wide growth opportunity that competing firms must race to capture, while the contingency‐claims technique allows bottom‐up incorporation of the firm's successful R&D investment and the timing of introduction of the new product to market. It also specifically prices the risk of innovation by modeling its two components: the consumer validation of technology and the expert validation of technology. Overall, it estimates the value contribution per share of a new product for the firm.
Adapting to Climate Change: What We Owe to Other Animals
Authors: Pepper Angie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, I expand the existing discourse on climate justice by drawing out the implications of taking animal rights seriously in the context of human‐induced climate change. More specifically, I argue that nonhuman animals are owed adaptive assistance to help them cope with the ill‐effects of climate change, and I advance and defend four principles of climate justice that derive from a general duty of adaptation. Lastly, I suggest that even if one can successfully argue that the protection of human interests in adaptation ought to be prioritised, nonhuman animal rights will continue to place significant constraints on climate change action.
Physical activity restriction for children and adolescents diagnosed with an inherited arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy and its impact on body mass index
Authors: Christian Susan , Somerville Martin , Giuffre Michael , Atallah Joseph 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundHistorically, individuals diagnosed with an inherited arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy have been advised to avoid participating in competitive sports. Consequently, these individuals may be more susceptible to weight gain and obesity.MethodsA retrospective longitudinal chart review was performed for a population of children with a genetic or clinical diagnosis of the long‐QT syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. We recorded the physical activity recommendation, postdiagnosis sports participation, and body mass index (BMI) over time.ResultsA total of 109 charts were reviewed. Some level of physical activity restriction was documented for the majority of phenotype‐positive children (80%) but was less common for phenotype‐negative children (37%) (P < 0.001). Overall, 38% (
n = 41) of the study population were reportedly participating in a moderate or high dynamic sports following their diagnosis. Nonetheless, the BMI did not differ over time based on physical activity restriction or sports participation, and the proportion of overweight and obese children at follow‐up was consistent with that seen in the Canadian pediatric population.ConclusionPhysical activity restriction was recommended for the majority of phenotype‐positive children with an inherited arrhythmia or cardiomyopathy. However, many children continue to participate in competitive sports. Children prescribed physical activity restriction appear to face similar concerns relating to obesity as other Canadian children. This study highlights the need to further assess the effectiveness of physical activity recommendations and its impact on the cardiovascular health.
Percutaneous cryoablation for papillary muscle ventricular arrhythmias after failed radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: Gordon Jeffrey P. , Liang Jackson J. , Pathak Rajeev K. , Zado Erica S. , Garcia Fermin C. , Hutchinson Mathew D. , Santangeli Pasquale , Schaller Robert D. , Frankel David S. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Supple Gregory E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) from the papillary muscles (PM) is challenging due to limited catheter stability and contact on the PMs with their anatomic complexity and mobility.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cryoablation as an adjunctive therapy for PM VAs when radiofrequency (RF) ablation has failed.MethodsWe evaluated a retrospective series of patients who underwent cryoablation for PM VAs when RF ablation had failed. The decision to switch to cryoablation was at the operator’s discretion when intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) suggested that cryoablation might be more effective in achieving catheter stability and energy delivery.ResultsSixteen patients underwent cryoablation of PM VAs between 2014 and 2016 after RF ablation was unsuccessful. VAs originated from the anterolateral left ventricle (LV) PM (six patients), posterolateral LV PM (six patients), and right ventricle PM (four patients). VAs were predominantly frequent premature ventricular complexes (PVCs); however, patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia and PVC‐triggered VF were also represented. Fifteen of the 16 patients were treated with cryoablation; in one patient, a procedural complication with retrograde aortic access precluded treatment. In all patients treated with cryoablation, contact and stability was confirmed with ICE to be superior to the RF catheter, and there was acute and long‐term elimination of VAs.ConclusionCryoablation is a useful adjunctive therapy in ablation of PM VAs, providing excellent procedural outcomes even when RF ablation has failed. Cryoablation catheters are less maneuverable than RF ablation catheters and care is required to avoid complications.
Evaluation of peri‐implant marginal tissues around tissue‐level and bone‐level implants in patients with a history of chronic periodontitis
Authors: Vianna Tiago T. , Taiete Tiago , Casarin Renato C.V. , Giorgi Maria C.C. , Aguiar Flávio Henrique B. , Silvério Karina G. , Nociti Júnior Francisco H. , Sallum Enilson A. , Casati Márcio Z. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate clinical and radiographic characteristics in peri‐implant marginal tissues in patients with a history of chronic periodontitis, rehabilitated using tissue‐level or bone‐level implants.Material and MethodsUsing a split‐mouth design, 20 patients with a history of chronic periodontitis were selected and received two different implants, tissue‐level group (n = 20) and the bone‐level group (n = 20). Peri‐implant probing depth, relative peri‐implant mucosal margin position, relative peri‐implant clinical attachment level, peri‐implant plaque index and peri‐implant bleeding on probing were evaluated at prosthesis installation, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after implant loading. Radiographic marginal bone level was evaluated at implant insertion, prosthesis installation, 6 and 24 months after implant loading.ResultsThe mean difference of peri‐implant marginal bone resorption from implant installation to 24 months in function was 0.75 ± 1.12 mm for the tissue‐level group and 0.70 ± 0.72 mm for the bone‐level group. No statistically significant difference was found between groups at all assessment periods for clinical and radiographic peri‐implant evaluation.ConclusionUnder a rigid supportive therapy, both approaches performed likewise regarding clinical and radiographic parameters for rehabilitation of patients with a history of chronic periodontitis.