bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past distribution of epiphyllous liverworts in China: The usability of historical data
Authors: Jiang Yanbin , Wang Tiejun , Wu Yupeng , Hu Ronggui , Huang Ke , Shao Xiaoming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEpiphyllous liverworts form a special group of bryophytes that primarily grow on the leaves of understory vascular plants in tropical and subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests. Being sensitive to moisture and temperature changes, epiphyllous liverworts are often considered to be good indicators of climate change and forest degradation. However, they are a poorly collected and taxonomically complicated group, with an only partly identified distribution pattern. In this study, we built four models based on 24 environmental variables at four different spatial resolutions (i.e., 1 km, 5 km, 10 km, and 15 km) to predict the past distribution of epiphyllous liverworts in China, using Maxent model and 63 historical location records (i.e., presence‐only data). Both area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) and true skill statistic (TSS) methods are used to assess the model performance. Results showed that the model with the predictors at a 15‐km resolution achieved the highest predictive accuracy (AUC=0.946; TSS=0.880), although there was no statistically significant difference between the four models (p > 0.05). The most significant environmental variables included aridity, annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest month, precipitation of wettest quarter, and precipitation of warmest quarter, annual mean NDVI, and minimum NDVI. The predicted suitable areas for epiphyllous liverworts were mainly located in the south of Yangtze River and seldom exceed 35°N, which were consistent with the museum and herbarium records, as well as the historical records in scientific literatures. Our study further demonstrated the value of historical data to ecological and evolutionary studies.
Freshwater pearl mussels as a stream water stable isotope recorder
Authors: Pfister Laurent , Thielen Frank , Deloule Etienne , Valle Nathalie , Lentzen Esther , Grave Cléa , Beisel Jean‐Nicolas , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor several decades, stable isotopes have been a commonly used and effective tool for flow path analysis, stream water source apportionment, and transit time analysis. The Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation repository now has monthly precipitation isotope time series extending over several years and even decades in some settings. However, stream water isotope composition time series remain rather short with only very few data sets spanning over more than a few years. A critical challenge in this respect is the collection of stream water isotope data sets across a wide variety of headwater streams and for long durations. We rely on a new approach for stream signal reconstruction based on freshwater mussels, specifically the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera. We use secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to quantify oxygen isotope ratios in pearl mussel shell growth bands. In our study area, the observed seasonal variability in precipitation δ18O values ranges between −15‰ and −3‰. This input signal is strongly damped in stream water, where observed values of δ18O range between −10‰ and −6.5‰. These values are consistent with our measured average shell‐derived stream water δ18O of −7.19‰. Along successive growth bands, SIMS‐based stream water δ18Ow values varied within a seasonal range of −9‰ to −5‰. The proposed SIMS‐based shell analysis technique is obviously well suited for analysing isotopic signatures of O in shell material—especially from the perspective of reconstructing historical series of in‐stream isotope signatures.
A discrete forcing method dedicated to moving bodies in two‐phase flow
Authors: Benguigui W. , Doradoux A. , Lavieville J. , Mimouni S. , Longatte E. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe numerical simulation of interaction between structures and two‐phase flows is a major concern for many industrial applications. To address this challenge, the motion of structures has to be tracked accurately. In this work, a discrete forcing method based on a porous medium approach is proposed to follow a nondeformable rigid body with an imposed velocity by using a finite‐volume Navier‐Stokes solver code dedicated to multiphase flows and based on a two‐fluid approach. To deal with the action reaction principle at the solid wall interfaces in a conservative way, a porosity is introduced allowing to locate the solid and insuring no diffusion of the fluid‐structure interface. The volumetric fraction equilibrium is adapted to this novelty. Mass and momentum balance equations are formulated on a fixed Cartesian grid. Interface tracking is addressed in detail going from the definition of the porosity to the changes in the discretization of the momentum balance equation. This so‐called time‐ and space‐dependent porosity method is then validated by using analytical and elementary test cases.
IMPACT OF REFLECTIVE SUPERVISION ON EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENTIONISTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF SELF‐EFFICACY, JOB SATISFACTION, AND JOB STRESS
Authors: Frosch Cynthia A. , Varwani Zubeda , Mitchell Julia , Caraccioli Celia , Willoughby Matthew 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTDespite widespread recognition of the importance of reflective practice in the field of infant mental health, little quantitative research exists regarding the impact of reflective supervision on professionals’ self‐efficacy, job satisfaction, and work‐related stress. Thirty‐three early childhood interventionists received approximately 9 months of reflective supervision and completed pre‐ and post‐assessments of their job‐related stress and self‐efficacy using a modified version of the Reflective Supervision Self‐Efficacy Scales for Supervisees (S. Shea, S. Goldberg, & D.J. Weatherston, 2012). At the post‐assessment, participants also rated their overall experience of reflective supervision. Reported self‐efficacy increased significantly from pre‐ to post‐assessment, and participants reported a positive overall impact of reflective supervision with respect to a variety of indices, such as job satisfaction, professional development, and the ability to cope with job‐related stress. These results provide necessary quantitative data demonstrating a positive impact of reflective supervision on early childhood professionals and suggest the value of reflective supervision for supporting workforce development.
Contextualizing the Concept of Intersectionality: Layered Identities of African American Women and Gay Men in the Black Church
Authors: Heard Harvey Courtney C. C. , Ricard Richard J. 
Published: July 2018

The multicultural concept of intersectionality is applied to understanding the challenges that are often faced by African American women and gay men in the traditional Black church. This article highlights the complexities of addressing the counseling needs of individuals with layered identities, particularly sexual orientation, gender, and religious ideology. Implications for multicultural pedagogy and assisting African American clients with intersecting identity issues are discussed.El concepto multicultural de interseccionalidad se aplica a la comprensión de los problemas afrontados con frecuencia por mujeres afroamericanas y hombres gays afroamericanos en la iglesia negra tradicional. Este artículo destaca las complejidades de abordar las necesidades en consejería de individuos con identidades estratificadas, especialmente respecto a orientación sexual, sexo e ideología religiosa. Se discuten las implicaciones para la pedagogía multicultural y para la asistencia a clientes afroamericanos con problemas de identidades interseccionales.
Net value of farmland ecosystem services in China
Authors: Cao Shixiong , Zhang Junze , Liu Yujie , Yu Zhongqi , Liu Xu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFarmland ecosystems are one of the most important landscapes in the world and provide many important ecosystem services for humans. However, most methods of calculating the value of ecosystem services (VES) for these ecosystems have neglected the costs of providing these services or have only considered direct costs. As a result, they have led to the adoption of uneconomical or suboptimal land use and environmental conservation strategies. Because it is increasingly necessary to identify approaches that will produce net benefits both for humans and for the environment that supports us, it is necessary to accurately account for these costs. In this paper, we propose a method for assessing the net value of ecosystem services (NES) for farmland ecosystems, which accounts for both direct and indirect costs, and apply this approach to agriculture in China to provide an improved basis for farmland management. We found that the NES of Chinese farmland decreased from 4.2 × 1012 RMB in 1952 to 3.7 × 1012 RMB in 2014 (1RMB=0.1628USD), in part due to reductions in the area of agricultural land. In addition, the NES in 2014 equaled only 47.4% of the VES, and this percentage would be even lower if more costs could be quantified. Because the direct and indirect costs differ among China's regions, the magnitude of this decrease also varies regionally. To protect China's food security and ecological health, the government will need to adjust farmland management in ways that account for these regional differences to ensure that both humans and our environment benefit.
Increased access to nearby green–blue areas associated with greater metropolitan population well‐being
Authors: Goldenberg Romain , Kalantari Zahra , Destouni Georgia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNumerous cities in the world have to handle and support increasing populations, with questions remaining concerning good planning strategies for their growth and development. Among these questions, access to nature for urban residents has been the subject of increased scrutiny in recent years. We here propose and apply a generally applicable new approach to quantitatively investigate the role of close access to natural or nature‐based green–blue areas for the well‐being of urban populations. A key novel aspect of this approach is to use income level as a measure of people's ability to choose their nearby living environment such that it provides them with the highest affordable level of well‐being. Based on this measure, we concretely investigate possible trends in local green–blue area access with increasing local income level in the case‐study example of the Stockholm Metropolitan region in Sweden. For this regional case, we find clear relationships between income level (and related degree of nationality homogeneity) and share of natural/nature‐based green–blue areas and man‐made grey areas within walksheds of different population segments. The results point at the importance of maintaining and restoring nearby natural and nature‐based green–blue areas as key solutions for increased well‐being of urban populations and call for further testing and comparative investigations of local‐scale associations between socio‐economic descriptors and physical environment in other parts of the world.
Catch and release: Hyporheic retention and mineralization of N‐fixing Nostoc sustains downstream microbial mat biomass in two polar desert streams
Authors: Kohler Tyler J. , Stanish Lee F. , Liptzin Daniel , Barrett John E. , McKnight Diane M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMuch work has been performed to investigate controls on nitrogen (N) uptake in streams, yet the fate of assimilated N is comparatively poorly resolved. Here, we use in‐stream fixed N as an isotopic tracer to study the fate of assimilated N in glacial meltwater streams. We characterized δ15N signatures of Oscillatorean, Chlorophyte, and N‐fixing Nostoc mats over the lengths of two streams, and transported particulate organic matter (POM) in one. POM was isotopically most similar to Nostoc, which always had values near the atmospheric standard (δ15N ≅ 0‰), suggesting N‐fixation. Other mat types were depleted upstream, and became progressively enriched downstream (plateauing at δ15N ≅ 0‰), indicating a shift in N source. These results collectively show that Nostoc‐derived N is mobilized, mineralized, and increasingly assimilated downstream as more depleted glacier‐derived N is exhausted, demonstrating the importance of organic matter processing to balancing elemental budgets, and improving our understanding of nutrient cycling in lotic environments.
Attenuation profile matching: An accurate and scan parameter‐robust measurement method for small airway dimensions in low‐dose CT scans
Authors: Yang Zepa , Jin Hyeongmin , Kim Jong Hyo 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe dimensions of small airways with an internal diameter of less than 2–3 mm are important biomarkers for the evaluation of pulmonary diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The resolution limitations of CT systems, however, have remained a barrier to be of use for determining the small airway dimensions. We present a novel approach, called the attenuation profile matching (APM) method, which allows for the accurate determination of the small airway dimension while being robust to varying CT scan parameters.MethodFor generating the synthetic attenuation profiles of an airway, we acquired and employed the point spread functions of a CT system by calculating its convolution with numerical airway models with varying wall thicknesses. The dimensions of a given airway were determined as per the numerical model yielding minimum error between the measured and the synthetic attenuation profiles across the airway.ResultsIn a phantom study with airway tubes, the APM method proved to be highly accurate in determining airway wall dimensions. The measurement error for the smallest tube (0.6 mm thickness, 3 mm diameter) was merely 0.02 mm (3.3%) in wall thickness and 0.17 mm (5.6%) in lumen diameter. In a pilot clinical test, the APM method was able to distinguish the airway wall thicknesses of COPD cases (1.16 ± 0.23 mm) from those of normal subjects (0.6 ± 0.18 mm), while the measurements using the full width at half maximum method substantially overlapped (1.45 ± 0.32 mm vs. 1.28 ± 0.30 mm, respectively) and were barely distinguishable from each other.ConclusionOur proposed APM method has the potential to overcome the resolution limitations of current CT systems and accurately determine the small airway dimensions in COPD patients.
Tracheostomy in children: Epidemiology and clinical outcomes
Authors: Sanders Catherine D. , Guimbellot Jennifer S. , Muhlebach Marianne S. , Lin Feng‐Chang , Gilligan Peter , Esther Charles R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundTracheotomy is performed in children for a variety of indications, but can place them at increased risk of lower airway infection with pathogenic organisms. While prior studies have identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as the most common lower airway pathogens in children with tracheostomies, little is known about the clinical implications of chronic growth of pathogens.MethodsThe North Carolina Children's Airway Center database was utilized to identify all pediatric patients with tracheostomy from 2007 to 2012; these data were cross‐referenced to a microbiology database of all tracheostomy cultures. Data on hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and length‐of‐stay were abstracted from the medical record and analyzed using multivariate methods.ResultsWe identified 185 children with tracheostomy, of whom chronic bacterial growth status could be defined in 69. P aeruginosa was a common pathogen isolated from tracheostomy cultures, with 49% (91/185) of patients growing this organism at least once. P aeruginosa combined with other gram‐negative rods were isolated in 63% (116/185) of subjects at least once. Those who chronically grew gram‐negative rods had significantly more hospitalizations, longer total lengths‐of‐stay, and longer intensive care unit lengths‐of‐stay than those who did not. These differences remained significant when data were normalized to account for number of available cultures.ConclusionThese data suggest that clinical outcomes may be worse in children with tracheostomies who chronically grow gram‐negative rods. Our findings may help guide clinicians in managing children with tracheostomies, though further studies are needed to establish best practice guidelines in these patients.
Revealing the Cooperative Chemistry of the Organic Cation in the Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Perovskite Semiconductor System
Authors: Varadwaj Arpita , Varadwaj Pradeep R. , Yamashita Koichi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMethylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) is a highly valued material for solar cell photovoltaic technology. MAPbI3is generally understood as a joint involvement of an organic cation CH3NH3+with an inorganic anion PbI3–through electrostatics. There have, however, been many controversial discussions in the literature concerning the role of the organic cation in the rationale design. Given that the physical chemistry of this material is in its infancy, in this study, density functional theory calculations for [MAPbI3]n(n=1–15) in zero‐ and one‐dimensions were performed with PBE (Perdew‐Burke‐Ernzerhof) functional. Results indicated that the low‐temperature orthorhombic geometry of the MAPbI3system, which is most stable in the solid state, is likely to be stable in the gas phase. It was found that the organic cation plays a significant role as an additive for the 1D growth of MAPbI3. This is an attribute that can be extended to understand the experimentally determined geometrical architectures of the same system in 3D. Our results suggest that the large‐scale supramolecular emergence of MAPbI3can be realized as the consequence of the phenomenon of nonadditive cooperative binding, which is revealed to be strongly synergistic. All these results were obtained by exploiting the equilibrium geometries, intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions, energy landscapes, and electronic and orbital properties (dipole moment, polarizability, and HOMO–LUMO gap,etc.) of the aforesaid perovskite cluster systems in 0D and 1D.
Influence of a Π‐Conjugated Bridging Ligand in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells (LEECs)
Authors: Bideh Babak Nemati , Shahroosvand Hashem 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBy introducing a new π‐conjugated bridging ligand, the electroluminescence metrics of light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEEC) based on their ruthenium phenanthroimidazole complexes were dramatically improved with respect to its non‐conjugated bridging ligand, achieving a decrease of turn‐on voltage from 3.1 to 2.5 V as well as a long red shift to near infrared region in electroluminescence spectrum. Moreover, the addition of aromaticity into the bridging ligand make the increasing of the external quantum efficiency (EQE) from 0.68% to 0.89% as well as lifetime (t1/2) of electroluminescence emission from 1140 to 1171 (s). Obtained results indicated the exclusive position of bridging ligand to enhance the electroluminescence properties of emitters which that has not been investigated in details to date.
Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Ionic Discotic Liquid Crystalline Dimer with DNA at Interfaces
Authors: Mallik Samapika , Nayak Alpana , Daschakraborty Snehasis , Kumar Sandeep , Suresh Kattera A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNanoarchitectonics through ionic self‐assembly at interfaces is an attractive approach to obtain advanced functional materials. Here, a novel discotic dimer‐DNA complex hybrid system has been investigated at air‐water and air‐solid interfaces. The ionic discotic liquid crystalline dimer consisted of two triphenylene cores linked via alkyl spacer with a imidazolium moiety. At air‐water interface, the dimer formed a stable monolayer with a reversible collapse. The surface manometry results suggested that the condensed phase of the monolayer consisted of molecules arranged in an edge‐on conformation. To understand the folding behavior of the molecules, DFT calculations were carried out which showed that the quantum chemically optimized folded‐form of the molecule was electronically more stable than its unfolded‐form. Upon adding DNA to the subphase, a complex monolayer was formed with enhanced stability as was indicated by increased collapse pressure and decreased limiting area. Importantly, this complexation enabled an efficient and stable multilayer formation on silicon substrates with layers as many as 40. Since both DNA and discotic dimer molecules share common properties of one‐dimensional charge transport with compatible structures, this complex film could serve as a model system for organic electronics.
Silk Cocoon as Counter ‐ Electrode Substrate in Dye ‐ Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sudhakar Vediappan , Das Chayanika , Krishnamoorthy Kothandam 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectrodes are vital components of energy conversion devices such as dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The widely used electrodes consist of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) and platinum. We were interested in identifying a substrate that is available from natural resources and exhibit performance comparable to that of Pt coated FTO (Pt‐FTO). Silk fibers are naturally available and they are mechanically stable. The woven silk fibers are known as silk cocoons (SCs) that structurally resemble widely used carbon paper electrodes. To impart conductivity to the insulating SCs, metal film was coated by an electroless metal plating procedure using polyphenols from green tea. The metal coated SCs were conformaly coated with a conjugated polymer and these electrodes were used as flexible electrodes in DSSCs. The flexible electrode based DSSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 7.2% which is comparable to that of the DSSCs with rigid Pt‐FTO based devices (7.4%).
Single‐Cell Nanometric Coating Towards Whole‐Cell‐Based Biodevices and Biosensors
Authors: Dai Bing , Wang Lei , Wang Yan , Yu Guangbin , Huang Xin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLiving cells with different coatings, like polyelectrolytes, biomolecules, metal nanoparticles or oxides, have more functions compared with the original state, which would be beneficial to many potential applications. Amongst these applications, whole‐cell biosensors/devices are commonly used for high‐throughput disease diagnosis, detection of toxicities, biomedical imaging, environmental monitoring or microbial fuel cells. As a key factor of the fabrication of whole cell biosensors/devices, the techniques for cell immobilization and cell viability have obvious influence on the sensitivity, stability and reproducibility. Cell coatings not only can be helpful to maintain the cell viability, but also can offer multifunction to facilitate the cell immobilization or orientation in the construction of biosensors/devices. Therefore, in this review, we are going to discuss various coating methods and materials, with the focus on their applications in the whole‐cell based biosensors and bio‐devices.