bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditioned pain modulation in rodents can feature hyperalgesia or hypoalgesia depending on test stimulus intensity
Authors: Tansley Shannon N. , Macintyre Leigh C. , Diamond Laura , Sotocinal Susana G. , George Nicole , Meluban Lee , Austin Jean-Sebastien , Coderre Terence J. , Martin Loren J. , Mogil Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The counterirritation phenomenon known as conditioned pain modulation, or diffuse noxious inhibitory control in animals, is of increasing interest due to its utility in predicting chronic pain and treatment response. It features considerable interindividual variability, with large subsets of pain patients and even normal volunteers exhibiting hyperalgesia rather than hypoalgesia during or immediately after receiving a conditioning stimulus. We observed that mice undergoing tonic inflammatory pain in the abdominal cavity (the conditioning stimulus) display hyperalgesia, not hypoalgesia, to noxious thermal stimulation (the test stimulus) applied to the hindpaw. In a series of parametric studies, we show that this hyperalgesia can be reliably observed using multiple conditioning stimuli (acetic acid and orofacial formalin), test stimuli (hindpaw and forepaw-withdrawal, tail-withdrawal, hot-plate, and von Frey tests) and genotypes (CD-1, DBA/2, and C57BL/6 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats). Although the magnitude of the hyperalgesia is dependent on the intensity of the conditioning stimulus, we find that the direction of effect is dependent on the effective test stimulus intensity, with lower-intensity stimuli leading to hyperalgesia and higher-intensity stimuli leading to hypoalgesia.
Flunarizine as prophylaxis for episodic migraine: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Stubberud Anker , Flaaen Nikolai Melseth , McCrory Douglas C. , Pedersen Sindre Andre , Linde Mattias 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Based on few clinical trials, flunarizine is considered a first-line prophylactic treatment for migraine in several guidelines. In this meta-analysis, we examined the pooled evidence for its effectiveness, tolerability, and safety. Prospective randomized controlled trials of flunarizine as a prophylaxis against migraine were identified from a systematic literature search, and risk of bias was assessed for all included studies. Reduction in mean attack frequency was estimated by calculating the mean difference (MD), and a series of secondary outcomes—including adverse events (AEs)—were also analyzed. The database search yielded 879 unique records. Twenty-five studies were included in data synthesis. We scored 31/175 risk of bias items as “high,” with attrition as the most frequent bias. A pooled analysis estimated that flunarizine reduces the headache frequency by 0.4 attacks per 4 weeks compared with placebo (5 trials, 249 participants: MD −0.44; 95% confidence interval −0.61 to −0.26). Analysis also revealed that the effectiveness of flunarizine prophylaxis is comparable with that of propranolol (7 trials, 1151 participants, MD −0.08; 95% confidence interval −0.34 to 0.18). Flunarizine also seems to be effective in children. The most frequent AEs were sedation and weight increase. Meta-analyses were robust and homogenous, although several of the included trials potentially suffered from high risk of bias. Unfortunately, reporting of AEs was inconsistent and limited. In conclusion, pooled analysis of data from partially outdated trials shows that 10-mg flunarizine per day is effective and well tolerated in treating episodic migraine—supporting current guideline recommendations.
An Innovative Doctor of Physical Therapy Experiential Learning Opportunity With Older Adults: A Description of a Unique Academic and Long-Term Care Partnership
Authors: Lojovich Jeanne , Olson-Kellogg Becky , Davila Heather 
Published: December 2018

Background and Purpose.
Despite the dramatic increase in older adults and the reality that this population often comprises a substantial proportion of physical therapists' client base, many Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students feel unprepared or less willing to provide care to older adults after graduation.

Method/Model Description and Evaluation.
The University of Minnesota DPT program developed a unique model for all first-year DPT students to gain experiential learning with older adults through a year-long Clerkship experience. In addition to regular assessments of student learning, a pre/postmeasure of student attitudes toward older adults and a thematic analysis of student reflective journals were conducted.

Outcomes.
Students entered the DPT program with positive attitudes toward older adults. Although limited changes in student attitudes was observed over time through the quantitative pre/postmeasure, student reflective journals revealed more nuance, with many students describing gains in knowledge and confidence in practicing with older adults, as well as more positive attitudes toward older adults and geriatrics over time.

Discussion and Conclusion.
The University of Minnesota DPT first-year Clerkship experience is a unique experiential learning program that provides DPT students hands-on experience with older adults over an academic year in a real-life setting. This innovative approach dually contributes to the development of DPT students' essential competencies and has been shown to be beneficial to first-year DPT students in developing positive attitudes toward and comfort in working with older adults, thereby advancing toward a more prepared physical therapist workforce in the area of geriatrics.
Superficial Siderosis of the Central Nervous System: Neurotological Findings Related to Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Wagner Franca , Buchwalder Melanie , Wiest Roland , Caversaccio Marco D. , Vibert Dominique 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
To compare the neurotological results of five patients suffering from progressive hearing loss and ataxia due to superficial siderosis (SS) with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Primary and hospital care center.

Participants:
Five adult patients with neurotological symptoms of SS underwent MRI with acquisition of our temporal bone protocol including 3D-constructive interference in steady state (3D-CISS) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). All patients underwent a complete neurotological examination, the results of which were compared with the imaging findings.

Main Outcome Measures:
Cochleovestibular deficits were present in all five patients as determined by uni- or bilateral bithermal caloric testing and/or video head impulse tests. Sacculocollic reflex was present with increased P1 and N1 latencies on both sides in all patients. MRI revealed an extensive hypointense SWI signal outlining the surface of the brain and the VIIIth cranial nerve in all five patients. Desynchronization of the brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and partial or complete absence of the visual suppression of vestibulo-ocular reflex during the pendular rotatory test was particularly consistent with the lesions of the cochleovestibular nerves as well as the cerebellar atrophy seen on MRI.

Conclusion:
The MRI results with SWI were related to neurotological findings in patients suffering from sensorineural deafness with ataxia due to SS. Our findings support the integration of the SWI and 3D-CISS sequences into the MRI protocol for all patients referred for evaluation of the extent of SS.
Recent advances in venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Schmidt Matthieu , Franchineau Guillaume , Combes Alain 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
To summarize results of the most recent trials on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and to elaborate on the unmet needs regarding VV-ECMO management in this setting.

Recent findings
Although it was terminated early for futility (i.e., failure to demonstrate a difference in 60-day mortality of 20%), the ECMO to Rescue Lung Injury in Severe ARDS trial of VV-ECMO for severe ARDS reported a nonsignificant, but clinically important, reduction in mortality (35 vs. 46%; relative risk 0.76; 95% confidence interval 0.55–1.04, P = 0.09). Refractory hypoxemia led to rescue ECMO in 28% of controls, who had more severe ARDS at inclusion, were extremely sick at the time of ECMO cannulation and for whom mortality was 57%. Beyond the rescue of patients dying of refractory hypoxemia, ECMO may now be used early in severe ARDS patients to reduce the intensity of mechanical ventilation and to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury. Future research in the field should focus on identification of patients who are more likely to benefit from this technique and the right timing for its initiation, optimization of daily management of patients under ECMO to further reduce complications, and selection of optimal ventilator management on ECMO.

Summary
VV-ECMO is a reasonable therapeutic option for patients with severe ARDS and major hypoxemia or excessive pressures. Future trials should be designed to optimize patients’ management while on VV-ECMO support.
Tumor risk and surveillance for children with hereditary disorders affecting growth
Authors: Brzezinski Jack , Michaeli Orli , Wasserman Jonathan D. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of reviewHereditary disorders affecting growth (both overgrowth and growth retardation) are frequently associated with heightened risk of neoplastic disease. This review summarizes the tumor spectra associated with these conditions and identifies disease-specific screening approaches.Recent findingsAn understanding of the molecular events underlying many of these growth disorders has evolved significantly over the past several years. Recognition of genotype–phenotype associations, in many cases, informs the cancer risk profile. Additionally, accumulating data suggest a benefit of rational presymptomatic surveillance for at-risk individuals, with a reduction in tumor-associated morbidity. Recent clinical practice recommendations have established risk-driven paradigms for tumor surveillance in the context of hereditary tumor predisposition syndromes, including those affecting growth.SummaryClinicians caring for children with growth disorders should be aware of syndromic associations and the associated cancer risks. Knowledge of tumor spectra and recommended surveillance strategies may facilitate tumor diagnosis at an early stage and reduce morbidity of the disease and associated treatments.
Integrating Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Into Syphilis Partner Services in Mississippi to Improve Human Immunodeficiency Virus Case Finding
Authors: Avoundjian Tigran , Stewart James , Peyton David , Lewis Christie , Johnson Kendra , Glick Sara N. , Golden Matthew R. , Khosropour Christine M. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Mississippi has the 10th highest rate of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in the United States. The Mississippi State Department of Health (MSDH) integrated partner HIV testing into syphilis partner services (PS) in 2014, but the effectiveness of this as an HIV case finding strategy has not been evaluated.

Methods
We identified all early syphilis (primary, secondary, and early latent) case records reported from July 1, 2014, to December 31, 2016, excluding case records for people concurrently newly diagnosed with HIV. Among sex partners of these people, we identified new diagnoses of early syphilis and HIV. We calculated the number needed to interview as the number of syphilis index case patients interviewed divided by the number of partners newly diagnosed with early syphilis or HIV.

Results
A total of 1535 (95%) of the 1619 early syphilis index case patients were interviewed for PS. These case patients named 2267 partners, of whom 1868 (82%) were contacted by MSDH. Among partners, 1508 (81%) tested for syphilis and 745 (56%) of 1321 partners not previously diagnosed with HIV were tested for HIV. Partner services identified 696 new early syphilis case patients (46%) and 24 (3.2%) new HIV case patients among partners. Sixty-four index case patient interviews were needed to identify 1 new case of HIV, and 2 interviews were needed to identify 1 new case of syphilis among partners.

Conclusions
Syphilis PS allowed MSDH to interact with 1592 men who have sex with men over a 30-month period and was effective for identifying people newly infected with early syphilis and HIV. Increasing HIV testing among partners of syphilis case patients could increase HIV case finding in Mississippi.
Correlation Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Graft Maturity and Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using International Knee Documentation Committee Score
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhang Yuyang , Zhan Liqiong , Han Qiong , Wu Maohou , Zhang Nanxin 
Published: December 2018

Objective
The correlation between the signal/noise quotient values of an anterior cruciate ligament graft and the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form 2000 scores after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was evaluated.

Design
Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical evaluation using International Knee Documentation Committee scores were used to calculate the signal intensity of the graft maturity at the 6-mo and 12-mo follow-up points postoperatively. The associations between the signal/noise quotient values at the 6-mo follow-up point and International Knee Documentation Committee scores at the 12-mo follow-up point were evaluated.

Results
A total of 42 male patients completed our trial and returned to normal activity level before the surgery. The mean ± SD age of these patients was 29.07 ± 8.11 yrs (range, 17–47 yrs). The mean ± SD body mass index was 26.00 ± 2.59 kg/m2. Notably, the Pearson correlation analysis showed that the International Knee Documentation Committee scores obtained at 12 mos were significantly associated with the signal/noise quotient values measured in the sixth month and twelfth month, respectively (r = −0.454, P = 0.003; r = −0.478, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
According to this study, early measurement of graft maturity might predict the clinical outcome afterward. The sensitive predictive value of signal/noise quotient could be used to maximize the patient outcomes.
Gout in the Gilded Age
Authors: Pinals Robert S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Richard Morris Hunt, a distinguished American architect of the late 19th century (the Gilded Age), had onset of gout at age 41 years. His attacks became more frequent and severe, eventually leading to chronic pain and disability. His medical care by highly regarded physicians resulted in very limited benefit, but through his dedication and work ethic, he remained productive until his death at age 67 years.
18F-FDG PET and Bone Scintigraphy of Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Hubaut Marc-Antoine , Jaillard Alice , Eloy Capucine , Petyt Gregory 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with left foot bones located epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. It is a rare type of vascular tumor, locally aggressive with metastatic potential. It was revealed by a chronic isolated left foot pain. Conventional imaging showed multiple osteolytic lesions of the bones, appearing aggressive. Both bone scintigraphy and 18F-FDG PET showed an increased uptake of these lesions and confirmed the limited extent to distal extremity of the left lower limb. Final diagnosis was given on a surgical biopsy. Patient was treated by hyperthermic chemotherapy using isolated limb perfusion.
Chronic Vasitis After Mesh Herniorrhaphy
Authors: Seo Minjung , Ha Nam Du , Jo Jae-Cheol , Park Seol Hoon 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report two cases of supra-scrotal vasitis incidentally detected in patients who had undergone mesh herniorrhaphy. PET/CT in patients undergoing lymphoma work-up and health check-up revealed hypermetabolic dilatation of vas deferens in the external iliac area. There were no symptoms, and blood test results did not indicate acute inflammation. Interestingly, both had undergone herniorrhaphy for inguinal hernia. Herniorrhaphy is reported to cause vasal complications such as obstruction or inflammation, although most are asymptomatic and probably under-reported. Chronic vasitis after herniorrhaphy may be a potential cause for false positive findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients undergoing work-up for various oncological indications.
FDG PET/CT Course of Pembrolizumab-Associated Multiorgan Sarcoidosis
Authors: Lu Yang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
An 80-year-old man with metastatic melanoma had been receiving treatment with pembrolizumab from September 2015 until June 2017. Series FDG PET/CT scans from March 7, 2017, to June 14, 2018, showed the course of biopsy-proven pembrolizumab-induced sarcoidosis. Reported here is the first case of multiorgan sarcoidosis induced by pembrolizumab and its self-resolving course on FDG PET/CT.
Pleural Mesothelioma Detects by 18F-Choline PET/CT in a Patient With Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rensi Marco , Ferretti Guido , Di Gregorio Fernando , Evangelista Laura 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A 73-year-old man with a prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy in 2006. For a biochemical recurrence of disease (prostate-specific antigen level, 0.1 ng/mL) during hormonal therapy, patient underwent 18F-choline PET/CT that showed a significant uptake in a diffuse right pleural thickening. The patient was sent to pleurectomy decortication showing an epithelioid pleural mesothelioma. This case highlighted that a histopathological evaluation is mandatory in case of a significant radiolabeled choline uptake in pleural lesions.
Detailed Fetal Anatomic Ultrasound Examination
Authors: Fratto Victoria M. , Chang Aileen , Anton Tracy , Sun Heather Y. , Lamale-Smith Leah M. , Pretorius Dolores H. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of extended cardiac views on examination time, repeat imaging, and anomaly detection before and after implementation of 76811 guidelines (American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Consensus 2014). It is a retrospective study of singleton pregnancies undergoing detailed ultrasound imaging at 18 weeks' gestation or greater before and after the protocol change in an academic, tertiary care fetal center. Views required prior to 2014: 4-chamber, left outflow tract, right outflow tract. Additional views required after 2014: bicaval, aortic arch, 3-vessel, and 3-vessel trachea. Fetuses with known anomalies were excluded. Rates of detection of congenital heart disease (CHD), examination completion, repeat examination recommendation, fetal echocardiogram recommendation, completion by body mass index, and cardiac examination time were determined. Six hundred twenty-four subjects were included, 217 before and 407 after protocol change. Views obtained were as stated in the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine/Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine consensus. Detection of CHD was not improved. Examination times increased by 20% (6.4 vs 7.7 minutes, P < 0.05). Number of incomplete studies increased by 130% (11% to 26%, P < 0.05). Twice as many patients were referred for repeat examination (6% vs 13%, P < 0.05). Completion rates were negatively correlated with body mass index. Recommendations for fetal echocardiogram were unchanged (5% vs 6%, P = 0.6). Additional imaging did not increase detection rate of CHD (3% vs 2%, P = 0.3). Extended cardiac views resulted in increased examination time, more incomplete examinations, and more repeat examinations without changing detection rates of CHD.
Using a Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Flap to Close an Iatrogenic Tracheoesophageal Fistula in a Patient With Advanced Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Chuang Fu-Chieh , Tung Kwang-Yi , Huang Wen-Chen , Yu Chia-Meng , Yao Wen-Teng 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundAn iatrogenic tracheoesophageal (TE) fistula is one possible complication after total laryngectomy with flap reconstruction. We used sternocleidomastoid (SCM) rotation flap to close a TE fistula.Methods and ResultsA 69-year-old man with laryngeal cancer underwent total laryngectomy with radial forearm free flap reconstruction. A tracheostoma stenosis was noticed 7 months after the tracheostomy tube was removed. The patient underwent tracheostoma dilatation; the iatrogenic TE fistula was noticed 1 month later. We used SCM rotation flap to close the TE fistula. The postoperative course was uneventful. A barium esophagogram showed no leakage in the esophagus.ConclusionsTracheoesophageal fistula can be reconstructed with an SCM rotation flap. If the TE fistula is of a suitable size, this reconstructive strategy is effective and simple to close persistent TE fistula and avoid further airway complications.
Ischemic stroke and infectious diseases in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Fernandes Breno Franco Silveira , Caramelli Paulo 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
To address the important relationships between stroke and infection, focusing on the most frequent infections found in low-income and middle-income countries.

Recent findings
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide, with a great proportion of the stroke burden occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. Infectious diseases are still a great health problem in developing countries and it is possible that the proportion of infection-related strokes is greater in these nations. Infectious diseases and stroke have a bidirectional relationship. Common infections may act as risk factors and can trigger stroke through different mechanisms in their acute phase. Several intracranial and systemic infections can cause stroke as a direct complication, such as Chagas disease, neurosyphilis, tuberculous meningitis, and neurocysticercosis. These conditions are of particular interest to low-income and middle-income countries, but also relevant to high-income nations because of increasing migration. Finally, infection is a frequent poststroke complication, with great impact in the patient outcome.

Summary
Infectious diseases and stroke are common problems in low-income and middle-income countries. More studies are necessary to fully elucidate the real impact of infectious diseases on stroke burden, especially in countries where epidemiological data are still scarce.
Assessment of vision in concussion
Authors: Akhand Omar , Balcer Laura J. , Galetta Steven L. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
To review emerging vision-based assessments in the evaluation of concussion.

Recent findings
Involvement of the visual pathways is common following concussion, the mildest form of traumatic brain injury. The visual system contains widely distributed networks that are prone to neurophysiologic changes after a concussion, resulting in visual symptoms and ocular motor dysfunction. Vision-based testing is increasingly used to improve detection and assess head injury. Several rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks, such as the King-Devick test and the Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System, show capacity to identify athletes with concussion. Video-oculography (VOG) has gained widespread use in eye-tracking and gaze-tracking studies of head trauma from which objective data have shown increased saccadic latencies, saccadic dysmetria, errors in predictive target tracking, and changes in vergence in concussed individuals.

Summary
RAN tasks demonstrate promise as rapid screening tools for concussion. Further investigation will involve assessment of the role for age, characterization of learning effects over repeated measurements, and identification of optimal thresholds for clinically significant performance decrements. Various RAN tasks are likely to be functionally distinct, engaging different neural networks according to the demands of each task. Measures of saccades, smooth pursuit eye-movements, the vestibulo-ocular reflex and, more recently, disparity vergence are candidate vision-based markers for concussion. Work to adopt these assessments to the sideline or clinical environments is ongoing.