bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des « remèdes naturels » mais sans preuves scientifiques ! Ethnographie des logiques structurant la prescription des phyto-médicaments par les médecins au Burkina Faso
Authors: Yaméogo Poukom Adèle , d’Alessandro Eugénie , Kamba Soubeiga André 
Published: July 2019

Introduction : Depuis les années 1970, l’OMS prône la valorisation des médicaments issus de la médecine « traditionnelle ». Au Burkina Faso, malgré une volonté politique de promotion des phyto-médicaments, leur prescription par les professionnels de santé reste faible. L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en lumière les logiques qui sous-tendent les pratiques de prescription des phyto-médicaments par les médecins burkinabés. Méthodes : Inscrite dans une démarche qualitative, cette étude a été réalisée à Ouagadougou auprès de médecins généralistes et spécialistes. Les techniques mobilisées sont l’entretien individuel semi-directif et l’observation directe. Au total, 47 entretiens ont été réalisés au niveau de Centres médicaux avec antenne chirurgicale (CMA) et de centres hospitaliers universitaires (CHU). Résultats : Nos résultats montrent que les phyto-médicaments n’ont pas été inclus dans la formation initiale des médecins enquêtés. Les seules sources d’information pour les médecins sont alors les collègues, la famille, les patients ou encore les médias. Leurs perceptions de ce type de médicaments sont ambivalentes allant du « produit naturel » au produit exposant à un risque du fait du manque d’études. Les pratiques de prescription s’inscrivent principalement dans quatre logiques : expériences personnelles et professionnelles, jugement des patients, validation par des essais cliniques et prise en compte du risque iatrogène. Discussion : En l’absence de cadre académique fort, la connaissance des phyto-médicaments s’est acquise par voie informelle. Les normes et références techniques restant faibles, plusieurs logiques subjectives s’imposent dans la construction des pratiques de prescription. Conclusion : Au-delà des dimensions symboliques et subjectives expliquant la faible prescription des phyto-médicaments, notre étude invite à s’interroger sur la responsabilité politique et institutionnelle dans la faible intégration de la médecine traditionnelle dans le système de soins burkinabé.
Intégration de la santé mentale dans les centres de santé communautaires en Guinée Conakry
Authors: Sow Abdoulaye , Van Dormael Monique , Criel Bart , de Spiegelaere Myriam 
Published: July 2019

Cette étude analyse les effets de l’intégration de la santé mentale dans cinq centres de santé communautaires guinéens sur les attitudes du personnel : déstigmatisation de la maladie mentale d’une part, approche centrée sur le patient d’autre part. L’étude repose sur des entretiens semi-structurés avec 27 soignants de centres ayant intégré la santé mentale (SM+) ; à des fins de comparaison, onze soignants de centres n’offrant pas de soins en santé mentale (SM–) ont également été interrogés. Contrairement aux soignants SM– au discours stigmatisant, tous les soignants SM+ ont surmonté leurs peurs et développé des attitudes positives envers les malades mentaux, notamment grâce à l’expérience de succès thérapeutiques. Une partie des SM+ a en outre découvert et adopté une approche centrée sur le patient, tandis que d’autres restaient dans une logique biomédicale. Un facteur favorable à l’approche centrée sur le patient a été un dispositif de formation in situ (consultations conjointes, travail en équipe, action communautaire) prenant en compte les besoins émotionnels des soignants et proposant un modèle de rôle centré sur le patient. Mais ce dispositif n’a pu fonctionner de manière optimale que dans le contexte non bureaucratique d’un centre associatif à orientation communautaire, implanté dans la capitale et disposant d’une équipe stable et qualifiée. Au-delà de l’accès à des soins psychiatriques, l’intégration de la santé mentale en première ligne de soins peut renforcer la qualité de la relation thérapeutique. Si le contenu et le dispositif de formation sont cruciaux, la façon dont l’organisation des services influence le personnel l’est aussi.
Postoperative Correction and Drift After Vertical Rectus Muscle Transposition for Total Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Rothfield Lindsay , Cavuoto Kara M. , Reyes-Capo Daniela P. , Vanner Elizabeth A. , Grace Sara F. , Capo Hilda 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To determine the magnitude of change between the preoperative and postoperative alignment and amount of postoperative drift for two vertical rectus muscle transpositions (VRTs).

Methods:
Retrospective review of medical records of patients with total sixth cranial nerve palsy who underwent VRT procedures. The primary outcome measure was the magnitude of esotropia in prism diopters (PD) at the preoperative and postoperative visits.

Results:

Twenty-seven patients were included. Sixteen had full tendon transposition with Foster augmentation (FTT+FA) and 11 had partial tendon transposition with resection and simultaneous medial rectus recession (PTT+R+MRR). A larger correction was obtained with PTT+R+MRR (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 52 ± 19 PD; range: 27 to 87 PD) when compared to FTT+FA (mean: 40 ± 13 PD; range: 15 to 68 PD). At postoperative month 2, a greater esotropic drift was noted in the PTT+R+MRR group (16 PD) than the FTT+FA group (6 PD). Although the difference in the amount of correction was not statistically significant (
P
= .071), the difference in the amount of drift was statistically significant (
P
= .009).

Conclusions:
There was a trend toward greater correction with PTT+R+MRR than FTT+ FA, but it was not statistically significant. FTT+FA had significantly less postoperative drift than PTT+R+MRR. The results suggest that a small immediate postoperative overcorrection may be desirable in some VRT procedures.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(4):238–242.]
Postoperative Muscle Migration Through Stretched Scar Formation After Superior Rectus Muscle Nonscleral Sutured Resection in Rabbit Eyes
Authors: Ryu Won Yeol , Kim Sun Tae , Roh Mee Sook 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To determine whether suturing to the residual muscle stump induces postoperative muscle migration after superior rectus muscle (SRM) resection in rabbit eyes.

Methods:
Twenty-four eyes in 12 rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. Each group underwent a 3-mm SRM resection. The muscle stump was not removed in one randomly assigned eye in each rabbit and the resected muscle was sutured to the residual muscle stump (residual muscle stump group). In the other eye, the muscle stump was completely removed and the resected muscle was sutured to the original insertion site (control group). At postoperative weeks 1, 2, and 4, the distances between the most anterior aspect of the reattached muscle and the corneal limbus were measured. Histopathologic differences at the new attachment sites were assessed between the two groups at postoperative week 4.

Results:

The mean distance between the corneal limbus and SRM was 2.97 ± 1.00 mm in the residual muscle stump group and 1.99 ± 0.40 mm in the control group at postoperative week 2 (
P
= .026) and 3.14 ± 0.78 mm in the residual muscle stump group and 1.81 ± 0.44 mm in the control group at postoperative week 4 (
P
= .002). Connective tissue, fibrosis, and myofibroblast proliferation in the front of the SRM were identified based on histopathologic findings.

Conclusions:
Postoperative loosening associated with a stretched scar frequently occurred in cases with suturing to the residual muscle during rectus muscle resection and could result from fibrosis and connective tissue proliferation in front of the rectus muscle.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(4):254–260.]
Persistent Avascular Retina in Infants With a History of Type 2 Retinopathy of Prematurity: To Treat or Not to Treat?
Authors: Al-Taie Rasha , Simkin Samantha K. , Douçet Erica , Dai Shuan 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To investigate persistent avascular retina in infants with type 2 retinopathy of permaturity (ROP) that persisted after 45 weeks' post-menstrual age when regular ROP screening ceased.

Methods:
A prospective observational study where fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was completed on consecutive infants who had a history of type 2 ROP and avascular retina during ROP screening that persisted after 45 weeks' post-menstrual age.

Results:
FFA was completed on 72 eyes of 36 infants (53% male), with a mean gestational age of 26.0 ± 2.2 weeks and a mean birth weight of 834.6 ± 216.3 grams. The mean age at discharge from ROP screening was 47.6 weeks' post-menstrual age. All patients had type 2 ROP at the worst stage of their disease, with predominantly stage 2 disease. FFA was performed at a mean age of 18.8 ± 10.3 months post-menstrual age. All patients had detectable avascular retina in peripheral zone II or III on FFA. Peripheral vessel leakage was present in 3 eyes of 2 infants (5.5%), who both subsequently received peripheral laser treatment.

Conclusions:
Premature infants with type 2 ROP may have persistent peripheral avascular retina with unknown long-term ocular complications, which can present management dilemmas. Retinal FFA is recommended to determine retinal ischemia and aid decision making for treatment in these cases.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56(4):222–228.]
De l’œuvre au(x) « monde(s) » : ce que le tissage narratif apporte à une adaptation science-fictionnelle sur petit écran
Authors: Breda Hélène 
Published: July 2019

Cet article propose de retravailler la notion de « tissage narratif » (Breda, 2015), en développant de nouvelles pistes théoriques qui permettent d’analyser des séries télévisées complexes. Plus précisément, il s’agira de se questionner sur ce que cette approche narratologique apporte à l’étude de l’adaptation télévisuelle d’un roman de science-fiction. L’exemple choisi est The Man in the High Castle (Amazon, 2015-), tirée du Maître du Haut Château de Philip K. Dick (1962).Le passage d’une œuvre courte à un format long et feuilletonesque permet, dans l’exemple étudié, d’opérer un « étoffement » de la narration. Cette nouvelle métaphore textile sera nourrie par l’utilisation de schémas inspirés de la théorie sociologique des graphes, qui vont donner une matérialité à la multiplication des connexions entre personnages et intrigues sur une temporalité longue.L’expansion de la narration grâce à la sérialité participe ici d’une activité de world building, en mettant en place tout un monde fictionnel, à la fois « peuplé » et géographiquement étendu. L’appartenance de The Man in the High Castle à la culture de l’imaginaire et au genre uchronique permet en outre le passage d’un « monde possible » simple à un multivers, ajoutant une strate supplémentaire à la narration complexe.
Comment étudier la complexité des séries télévisées ? : vers une approche spatiale
Authors: Berton Mireille , Boni Marta 
Published: July 2019

Comment étudier les spécificités des séries télévisées qui forment des récits évolutifs, multiformes, ouverts, articulés en plusieurs fragments ? Retraçant l’emploi de la notion de complexité avec et au-delà de la narratologie et présentant les défis que pose l’analyse de ces objets, la présente contribution propose de lire les séries télévisées à partir d’une approche interdisciplinaire centrée sur la spatialisation des séries. En effet, en complément de l’analyse textuelle et dans l’absence de sources primaires du côté de l’instance de production (lesquelles s’avèrent la plupart du temps inaccessibles), l’analyste des séries télévisées est amené·e à explorer cet espace intermédiaire qui se situe entre la représentation et la réception – un espace complexe et fréquemment investi par les usagers, comme l’a montré le modèle circulaire de la culture participative (Jenkins, 2013).
Nurses’ perspectives about communication with patients in an intensive care setting using a communication board: A pilot study
Authors: Gropp Martelize , Johnson Ensa , Bornman Juan , Koul Rajinder 
Published: July 2019

Background: Communication in the intensive care setting (ICS) is critical for both the patient and the medical staff to provide efficient care and thus alleviate possible patient adverse effects. Persons with complex communication needs are particularly vulnerable in ICSs and therefore require additional communication support.Aim: This study focused on the perspectives of nurses about communication with patients with communication needs in ICSs using paper-based communication boards, namely the translated Vidatak EZ Board, before and after a training session.Setting: A 1650-bed public hospital with a 26-bed ICS in a semi-urban, low socio-economic area in South Africa served as the research setting.Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test group design with withdrawal and a control group was used. Data were gathered using a custom-designed questionnaire completed by ICS nurse participants recruited from a public hospital.Results: Responses of some nurses did not change in post-test 1, but their responses did change in post-test 2. Some of the nurses’ perspectives changed, as expected from the pre-test to post-test 1. Nurses recommended specific adaptations to the communication board.Conclusions: Most nurses agreed that communication is crucial in ICSs and that a communication board can be implemented; however, limited success was observed implementing the board following a short training. The inter-professional collaboration between nurses and speech-language therapists to provide optimal health care to patients in ICS is emphasised.
Sampling Techniques to Overcome Class Imbalance in a Cyberbullying Context
Authors: Colton David , Hofmann Markus 
Published: July 2019

<div data-canvas-width="705.3003252350338">The majority of datasets suffer from class imbalance where samples of a dominant class significantly outnumber the samples available for the minority class that is to be detected. Prediction and classification machine learning models work best when there are roughly equal numbers of each class type. This paper explores sampling techniques that can be used to overcome this class imbalance problem in a cyberbullying context. A newly classified cyberbullying dataset, including detailed descriptions of the criteria used in its classification, was used to examine the feasibility of applying text mining techniques, to automate the detection of cyberbullying text when the dataset shows a significant class imbalance between the positive, cyberbullying, sample and the negative, not cyberbullying, samples. In this paper, we will investigate if oversampling the minority positive class or undersampling the majority negative class affects the performance of a prediction model. A compromise solution where the positive class is partially oversampled, and the negative class is partially undersampled is also examined. Although not strictly a class imbalance solution, sampling using the most frequently observed features was also explored.</div><p> </p>
The impact of applying the FonF practice model on developing L2 listening and speaking with a focus on intentional and incidental vocabulary acquisition in CALL context
Authors: Bahari Akbar 
Published: July 2019

<p class="Default">Drawing on dynamic systems theory, FonF practice model was contextualized with respect to its impact on L2 learners’ incidental and intentional vocabulary acquisition in CALL context. To this end,<strong> </strong>a mixed methods approach was conducted on a sample of 93 intermediate EFL learners in CALL setting in keeping with the FonF practice model. Comparing incidental and intentional acquisition was the target of the study. The obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of the FonF practice model via form-, meaning-, and communication-oriented strategies to develop listening and speaking proficiency as well as incidental and intentional vocabulary acquisition among the experimental group. The main educational implication of the study is the effectiveness of FonF practice model at recruiting the potential behind CALL affordances towards developing listening-speaking proficiency and developing intentional and incidental vocabulary while catering for nonlinear dynamic motivational factors at individual L2 learner level.</p><p class="Default"> </p>
Autogenous Growth of Hierarchical NiFe(OH)x/FeS Nanosheet‐On‐Microsheet Arrays for Synergistically Enhanced High‐Output Water Oxidation
Authors: Niu Shuai , Jiang Wen‐Jie , Tang Tang , Yuan Lu‐Pan , Luo Hao , Hu Jin‐Song 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPractical electrochemical water splitting requires cost‐effective electrodes capable of steadily working at high output, leading to the challenges for efficient and stable electrodes for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, by simply using conductive FeS microsheet arrays vertically pre‐grown on iron foam (FeS/IF) as both substrate and source to in situ form vertically aligned NiFe(OH)x nanosheets arrays, a hierarchical electrode with a nano/micro sheet‐on‐sheet structure (NiFe(OH)x/FeS/IF) can be readily achieved to meet the requirements. Such hierarchical electrode architecture with a superhydrophilic surface also allows for prompt gas release even at high output. As a result, NiFe(OH)x/FeS/IF exhibits superior OER activity with an overpotential of 245 mV at 50 mA cm−2 and can steadily output 1000 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 332 mV. The water‐alkali electrolyzer using NiFe(OH)x/FeS/IF as the anode can deliver 10 mA cm−2 at 1.50 V and steadily operate at 300 mA cm−2 with a small cell voltage for 70 h. Furthermore, a solar‐driven electrolyzer using the developed electrode demonstrates an exceptionally high solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 18.6%. Such performance together with low‐cost Fe‐based materials and facile mass production suggest the present strategy may open up opportunities for rationally designing hierarchical electrocatalysts for practical water splitting or diverse applications.
Flexible Quasi‐Solid State Ionogels with Remarkable Seebeck Coefficient and High Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Cheng Hanlin , He Xu , Fan Zeng , Ouyang Jianyong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThermoelectric materials can be used to harvest low‐grade heat that is otherwise dissipated to the environment. But the conventional thermoelectric materials that are semiconductors or semimetals, usually exhibit a Seebeck coefficient of much less than 1 mV K−1. They are expensive and consist of toxic elements as well. Here, it is demonstrated environmental benign flexible quasi‐solid state ionogels with giant Seebeck coefficient and ultrahigh thermoelectric properties. The ionogels made of ionic liquids and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) can exhibit a giant Seebeck coefficient up to 26.1 mV K−1, the highest for electronic and ionic conductors. In addition, they have a high ionic conductivity of 6.7 mS cm−1 and a low thermal conductivity of 0.176 W m−1 K−1. Their thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) is thus 0.75. The giant Seebeck coefficient is related to the ion‐dipole interaction between PVDF‐HFP and ionic liquids. Their application in ionic thermoelectric capacitors is also demonstrated for the conversion of intermittent heat into electricity. They are especially important to harvest the low‐grade thermal energy that is abundant on earth.
Error in the estimation of periosteal and endosteal contours from micro‐CT scans for nonadult tibiae and humeri
Authors: Sládek Vladimír , Čerevková Simona , Zikmund Tomáš , Kaiser Jozef 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis article summarized errors obtained by diverse techniques used for the derivation of cross‐sectional contours in nonadult humeri and tibiae.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed cross‐sectional contours in a total sample of 62 humeral and 75 tibial diaphyses in the age between birth and 12 years divided into three age groups. Long bone 35% (humeri) and midshaft (tibiae) cross‐sections were taken on micro‐CT images and analyzed by EPJMacro in FIJI. Properties were extracted from contours derived by manual, automatic, spline, and ellipse techniques. Agreement between techniques was assessed using manually extracted properties such as the true value using percent prediction error (%PE), reduced major axis regression, and ±95% limits of agreement.ResultsThe lowest measurement errors were obtained for total areas, moderate errors for cortical areas and section moduli, and the highest errors for medullary areas for both bones. Derivation of humeral nonadult cross‐sectional properties is less sensitive to the technique used for derivation of periosteal and endosteal contours, reaching mean %PEs below 5%. In contrast, tibial nonadult cross‐sectional properties are more sensitive to the technique used and exceed 5% for some combinations.DiscussionAutomatic techniques provide reasonably high agreement with manually extracted contours for nonadult humeri but low agreement for tibiae. Semiautomatic approaches—spline and ellipse techniques—may reduce the error for all studied properties in tibiae, especially when combined with manually traced periosteal contours. The positive effect of the semiautomatic technique on measurement error is low for humeri.
Discriminant analysis followed by unsupervised cluster analysis including exosomal cystatins predict presence of chronic rhinosinusitis, phenotype, and disease severity
Authors: Miyake Michelle M. , Workman Alan D. , Nocera Angela L. , Wu Dawei , Mueller Sarina K. , Finn Kristen , Amiji Mansoor M. , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundCystatins are epithelial protease inhibitors that participate in sinonasal immunity and inflammation. Nasal mucus–derived exosomes (NMDEs) are small vesicles secreted by epithelial cells that carry protein cargo reflective of their host cell. NMDEs have been used as a noninvasive biomarker source to study chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) proteomics with superior sensitivity to whole mucus. The purpose of this study was to noninvasively quantify exosomal cystatins in a heterogenous population to determine their utility in predicting phenotype and disease severity.MethodsThis was an Institutional Review Board–approved study in which NMDEs were purified from 105 patients undergoing sinonasal surgery by ultracentrifugation. Demographic and clinical variables were collected and phenotypes were assigned a priori. Linear discriminant analysis was executed based on normalized Cystatin values as phenotype predictor variables. Unsupervised cluster analysis was performed using Ward's linkage followed by Duda/Hart Je(2)/Je(1) index cluster stopping rules. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Welch's test, and Fisher's exact tests were used for continuous and categorical variables.ResultsNMDE Cystatin‐2 expression segregated by phenotype (mean ± standard error [SEM]): control (23.4 ± 4.2 pg/µg, n = 32); CRS without NP (CRSsNP) (56.6 ± 8.3 pg/µg, n = 33); and CRSwNP (130.5 ± 16.7 pg/µg, n = 40) (p < 0.0001). Seven clusters were identified among patients where the highest NMDE Cystatin‐2 levels clustered with asthma, tissue eosinophilia, and aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).ConclusionCystatin levels in NMDEs predict CRS phenotype and disease severity. As a “liquid biopsy,” noninvasive NMDE collection offers a promising opportunity to study disease pathophysiology, discriminate disease states, and potentially reveal novel therapeutic targets.