bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional facial development of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate during the first year of life in comparison with normative average faces
Authors: Brons Sander , Meulstee Jene W. , Loonen Tom G.J. , Nada Rania M. , Kuijpers Mette A.R. , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Bergé Stefaan J. , Maal Thomas J.J. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie 
Published: July 2019

Background
Stereophotogrammetry can be used to study facial morphology in both healthy individuals as well as subjects with orofacial clefts because it shows good reliability, ability to capture images rapidly, archival capabilities, and high resolution, and does not require ionizing radiation. This study aimed to compare the three-dimensional (3D) facial morphology of infants born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with an age-matched normative 3D average face before and after primary closure of the lip and soft palate.

Methods
Thirty infants with a non-syndromic complete unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate participated in the study. Three-dimensional images were acquired at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. All subjects were treated according to the primary surgical protocol consisting of surgical closure of the lip and the soft palate at 6 months of age. Three-dimensional images of UCLP patients at 3, 6 (pre-treatment), 9, and 12 months of age were superimposed on normative datasets of average facial morphology using the children’s reference frame. Distance maps of the complete 3D facial surface and the nose, upper lip, chin, forehead, and cheek regions were developed.

Results
Assessments of the facial morphology of UCLP and control subjects by using color-distance maps showed large differences in the upper lip region at the location of the cleft defect and an asymmetry at the nostrils at 3 and 6 months of age. At 9 months of age, the labial symmetry was completely restored although the tip of the nose towards the unaffected side showed some remnant asymmetry. At 12 months of age, the symmetry of the nose improved, with only some remnant asymmetry noted on both sides of the nasal tip. At all ages, the mandibular and chin regions of the UCLP patients were 2.5–5 mm posterior to those in the average controls.

Conclusion
In patients with UCLP deviations from the normative average 3D facial morphology of age-matched control subjects existed for the upper lip, nose, and even the forehead before lip and soft palate closure was performed. Compared to the controls symmetry in the upper lip was restored, and the shape of the upper lip showed less variation after primary lip and soft palate closure. At this early age, retrusion of the soft-tissue mandible and chin, however, seems to be developing already.
Effect of Chronic Commercial Sweeteners Consumption in Lymphocytes of Peyer’s Patches
Authors: Guzmán-Cruz Julio Andrés , Martínez-Carrillo Beatríz Elina , Rillo Arturo G. , Castillo-Cardiel José Arturo , Cruz-Estrada Flor de María 
Published: July 2019

Aims: To know the effect of chronic commercial sweeteners consumption in lymphocytes of Peyer’s patches.
Study Design: A prospective, longitudinal, comparative and experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Nutrition Research Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine of Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx) between August 2018 and May 2019 and was approved by the Bioethics Committee.
Materials and Methods: Two groups of male mice of different strains were used: 1) Balb/c and 2) CD1, both at 8 weeks-old age. The groups were divided into 4 subgroups: 1) Control (without sweetener), 2) Sucrose (table sugar, 41.66 mg/mL), and two groups of commercial sweeteners 3) Splenda® (sucralose 1.2%, with a concentration of 4.16 mg/mL), and 4) Svetia® (Steviol glycoside 0.025 g with a concentration of 4.16 mg/mL). The mice consumed the supplementation for 6 weeks. Also, were quantified plasma glucose, percentage of lymphocytes from Peyer’s patches, water and food consumption weekly.
Results: Mice increased their body weight after 6 weeks of treatment. The animals of Control and Sucrose subgroups showed a significant body weight gain of 5 g compared with the Splenda® and Svetia® subgroups, which increased only 4 g. In the subgroup treated with Splenda®, the blood glucose was reduced significantly. Svetia® and Control groups consumed more water without sweetener. The differences in food consumption were between the subgroups, not between the strains. By the end, the percentage of lymphocytes from Peyer´s patches increased in the Sucrose subgroup but decreased significantly in other subgroups.
Conclusion: The consumption of sweeteners may modify the lymphocyte population of Peyer's patches in the small intestine and this variation depends on the frequency of consumption the strain of the rodents and the type of sweetener.
In vitro Antibacterial and Antitubercular Activities of Leaf Extracts of Senna occidentalis
Authors: Olatunji K. T. , Ya’aba Y. , Mohammed S. B. , Akah I. J. , Daniel O. C. , Oladosu P. O. 
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antitubercular activities of ethylacetate and ethanol leaf extracts of Senna occidentalis.
Study Design: Fresh leaves of Senna occidentalis collected from Suleja, Niger state were used for this study against some medically important micro-organisms viz; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium smegmatis.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Abuja, Nigeria at the Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development [NIPRD], from February 2019 to April 2019.
Methodology: Senna occidentalis leaves were extracted successively with ethyl-acetate and ethanol. The obtained extracts were tested in vitro for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method, while anti-tubercular screening was carried out by broth micro-dilution method. A fixed-dose concentration of chloramphenicol was used as a control drug against the bacterial isolates while isoniazid was used as control drug against the mycobacterium isolates.
Results: The in vitro antibacterial screening showed that the crude extracts exhibited varying activity against the different microbes with highest zone of inhibition at 12 mm, and anti-tubercular activity with MICs ranging from 97.6-390.6 μg/mL. Among these extracts, ethyl-acetate extract showed significant antibacterial activity against most of the test micro-organisms. The most susceptible micro-organism was P. aeruginosa (12mm zone in ethyl-acetate at 80 mg/mL) followed by B. subtilis (10 mm zone in ethyl-acetate extract at 80 mg/mL) and E. coli (9 mm zone in ethyl-acetate extract at 80 mg/mL). The ethanol extract was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of M. smegmatis and M. bovis with MICs of 97.6 μg/mL and 195.3 μg/mL.
Conclusion: The activities observed could be attributed to the presence of some active metabolites contained in the extracts which could be useful in drug development for therapeutic purposes.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting of temporal lobe white matter in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Wang Kang , Cao Xiaozhi , Wu Dengchang , Liao Congyu , Zhang Jianfang , Ji Caihong , Zhong Jianhui , He Hongjian , Chen Yanxing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveMesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a network disorder. We aimed to quantify the white matter alterations in the temporal lobe of MTLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE‐HS) by using magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), a novel imaging technique, which allows simultaneous measurements of multiple parameters with a single acquisition.MethodsWe consecutively recruited 27 unilateral MTLE‐HS patients and 22 healthy controls. Measurements including T1, T2, and PD values in the temporopolar white matter and temporal stem were recorded and analyzed.ResultsWe found increased T2 value in both sides, and increased T1 value in the ipsilateral temporopolar white matter of MTLE‐HS patients, as compared with healthy controls. The T1 and T2 values were higher in the ipsilateral than the contralateral side. In the temporal stem, increased T1 and T2 values in the ipsilateral side of the MTLE‐HS patients were also observed. Only increased T2 values were observed in the contralateral temporal stem. No significant differences in PD values were observed in either the temporopolar white matter or temporal stem of the MTLE‐HS patients. Correlation analysis revealed that T1 and T2 values in the ipsilateral temporopolar white matter were negatively correlated with the age at epilepsy onset.InterpretationBy using MRF, we were able to assess the alterations of T1 and T2 in the temporal lobe white matter of MTLE‐HS patients. MRF could be a promising imaging technique in identifying mild changes in MTLE patients, which might optimize the pre‐surgical evaluation and therapeutic interventions in these patients.
Early Aβ reduction prevents progression of cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Schelle Juliane , Wegenast‐Braun Bettina M. , Fritschi Sarah K. , Kaeser Stephan A. , Jährling Nina , Eicke Daniel , Skodras Angelos , Beschorner Natalie , Obermueller Ulrike , Häsler Lisa M. , Wolfer David P. , Mueggler Thomas , Shimshek Derya R. , Neumann Ulf , Dodt Hans‐Ulrich , Staufenbiel Matthias , Jucker Mathias 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveClinical trials targeting β‐amyloid peptides (Aβ) for Alzheimer disease (AD) failed for arguable reasons that include selecting the wrong stages of AD pathophysiology or Aβ being the wrong target. Targeting Aβ to prevent cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has not been rigorously followed, although the causal role of Aβ for CAA and related hemorrhages is undisputed. CAA occurs with normal aging and to various degrees in AD, where its impact and treatment is confounded by the presence of parenchymal Aβ deposition.MethodsAPPDutch mice develop CAA in the absence of parenchymal amyloid, mimicking hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis Dutch type (HCHWA‐D). Mice were treated with a β‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitor. We used 3‐dimensional ultramicroscopy and immunoassays for visualizing CAA and assessing Aβ in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain.ResultsCAA onset in mice was at 22 to 24 months, first in frontal leptomeningeal and superficial cortical vessels followed by vessels penetrating the cortical layers. CSF Aβ increased with aging followed by a decrease of both Aβ40 and Aβ42 upon CAA onset, supporting the idea that combined reduction of CSF Aβ40 and Aβ42 is a specific biomarker for vascular amyloid. BACE1 inhibitor treatment starting at CAA onset and continuing for 4 months revealed a 90% Aβ reduction in CSF and largely prevented CAA progression and associated pathologies.InterpretationThis is the first study showing that Aβ reduction at early disease time points largely prevents CAA in the absence of parenchymal amyloid. Our observation provides a preclinical basis for Aβ‐reducing treatments in patients at risk of CAA and in presymptomatic HCHWA‐D. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:561–571
A novel technique for solid mass loading measurement in dilute gas–solid two‐phase flow by vortex flow meter based on vortex shedding principles
Authors: Farahzadi Hamzeh , Shirvani Mansour , Hashemabadi Seyed Hassan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVortex flowmeter has broad applications in industrial single‐phase flow problems. There is experimental evidence suggesting that the presence of particles in gas–solid flows may cause a modulation in the turbulence intensity of the carrier phase. Using vortex flowmeter, one may manipulate vortex shedding generated by a bluff body and, therefore, change pressure fluctuation after bluff body and pressure drop between two sides of the vortex shedder. In this research, a vortex flowmeter with a differential pressure sensor was used to experimentally measure solid mass loading in a dilute gas–solid two‐phase flow. The results indicated that the average bluff body pressure drop in gas–solid flows is always more than that occurring in gas flows, and the presence of particles can both attenuate and augment vortex shedding frequency. The results also showed that one can obtain the solid mass loading by means of pressure drop signals with a maximum relative error of 5%, which may be advantageous for industrial process measurement.
In silico DNA methylation analysis identifies potential prognostic biomarkers in type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Man , Hlady Ryan A. , Zhou Dan , Ho Thai H. , Robertson Keith D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere are currently no effective treatments for advanced‐stage papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). The goal of this study is to define potential DNA methylation‐based markers and treatment targets for advanced‐stage type 2 PRCC. Progressive DNA methylation changes and copy number variation (CNV) from localized to advanced‐stage type 2 PRCC are analyzed by using methylation data generated by TCGA's kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (TCGA‐KIRP, 450k array) project. Survival analyses are performed for the identified biomarkers and genes with CNV. In addition, expression of the corresponding genes is investigated by RNA‐seq analysis. Progressive methylation changes in several CpGs from localized to advanced‐stage type 2 PRCC are observed. Four CpGs (cg00489401, cg27649239, cg20555674, and cg07196505) in particular are identified as markers for differentiating between localized and advanced‐stage type 2 PRCC. Copy number analysis reveals that copy gain of PTK7 mostly occurs in advanced‐stage type 2 PRCC. Both the four CpG methylation changes and PTK7 copy number gain are associated with patient survival. RNA‐seq analysis demonstrates that PTK7 copy gain leads to higher PTK7 expression relative to tumors without copy number gain. Moreover, PTK7 is significantly upregulated from localized to advanced‐stage type 2 PRCC and is linked to cancer cell invasion. In conclusion, DNA methylation markers that differentiate between localized and advanced‐stage type 2 PRCC may serve as useful markers for disease staging or outcome, while PTK7 copy gain represents a potential treatment target for advanced‐stage type 2 PRCC. Stepwise methylation changes and copy number gain also associate with disease stage in PRCC patients.
Neoadjuvant exemestane or exemestane plus docetaxel and cyclophosphamide tailored by clinicopathological response to 12 weeks' exemestane exposure in patients with estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer: A multicenter, open‐label, phase II study
Authors: Sato Nobuaki , Masuda Norikazu , Morimoto Takashi , Ueno Takayuki , Kanbayashi Chizuko , Kaneko Koji , Yasojima Hiroyuki , Saji Shigehira , Sasano Hironobu , Morita Satoshi , Ohno Shinji , Toi Masakazu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOur aim was to investigate the efficacy and safety of initial neoadjuvant endocrine therapy with exemestane alone followed by tailored treatment, either continued exemestane monotherapy or exemestane plus docetaxel–cyclophosphamide (TC) combination therapy, in postmenopausal patients with primary invasive estrogen receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative, stage I‐IIIA breast cancer and Ki67 labeling index ≤30%. In this open‐label phase II study, patients initially received exemestane 25 mg/d for 12 weeks. Responders were defined as patients who achieved complete response (CR), partial response (PR) with Ki67 labeling index ≤5% after treatment, or stable disease with Ki67 labeling index ≤5% both before and after treatment. For the subsequent 12 weeks, exemestane monotherapy was continued for responders (group A), whereas nonresponders received exemestane plus four cycles of TC (docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) (group B). Clinical response rate (ie the proportion of patients with CR or PR) at 24 weeks was the primary endpoint. Of 64 patients provisionally enrolled between December 2010 and May 2016, 58 (median age 60 years) started the study treatment. Five patients discontinued treatment in the initial exemestane monotherapy period, and 39 completed the study treatment. Clinical response rates at 8‐12 and 24 weeks were 71% (10/14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 41.9%‐91.6%) and 57% (8/14, 95% CI 28.9%‐82.3%), respectively, in group A, and 16% (4/25, 95% CI 4.5%‐36.1%) and 56% (14/25, 95% CI 34.9%‐75.6%), respectively, in group B. Grade ≥3 adverse events were reported in 8% (1/15) and 53% (20/38) in group A and group B, respectively. The tailored treatment maintained the favorable clinical response to exemestane alone in responders and improved clinical response in nonresponders.Trial numberUMIN000004752 (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry).
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and in Vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Essential Oils from Eruca vesicaria
Authors: Hichri Faycel , Omri Hichri Amel , Maha Mastouri , Saad Mana Hossan Aisha , Flamini Guido , Ben Jannet Hichem 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work describes the study of the chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oils (EOs) of the different organs (leaves, flowers, stems and roots) from Eruca vesicaria. According to the GC and GC/MS analysis, all the EOs were dominated by erucin (4‐methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate) with a percentage ranging from 17.9 % (leaves) to 98.5 % (roots). The isolated EOs were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and β‐carotene/linoleic acid), antibacterial and inhibitory property against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. Most EOs exhibited an interesting α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory potential. The roots essential oil was found to be the most active with IC50 values of 0.80±0.06 and 0.11±0.01 μg mL−1, respectively. The essential oil of roots exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH, PI=92.76±0.01 %; ABTS, PI=78.87±0.19; and β‐carotene, PI=56.1±0.01 %). The isolated oils were also tested for their antibacterial activity against two Gram‐positive and three Gram‐negative bacteria. Moderate results have been noted by comparison with Gentamicin used as positive control.
The unusual abundance of a rare finding!
Authors: Altahan Rahaf , Al Mugairi Areej 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present images (Figure 1A‐D) of a preterm girl who had severe anemia due to HDFN caused by maternal anti‐C and anti‐D alloantibodies. These images show erythrophagocytosis, which is a very interesting and rarely encountered feature. We believe that physicians taking care of such patients should be more aware of this characteristic yet under‐detected finding.
Cobalt@Silica Core‐Shell Catalysts for Hydrogenation of CO/CO2 Mixtures to Methane
Authors: Ilsemann Jan , Straß‐Eifert Angela , Friedland Jens , Kiewidt Lars , Thöming Jorg , Bäumer Marcus , Güttel Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCOx hydrogenation reactions for hydrocarbon synthesis, such as methane, are becoming more and more important in terms of the energy transition. The formation of the byproduct water leads to a hydrothermal environment, which necessitates stable catalyst materials under harsh reaction conditions. Therefore, novel nanostructured core‐shell catalysts are part of scientific discussion, since these materials offer an exceptional resistance against thermal sintering. Here we report on a core‐shell catalyst ‐ Co@mSiO2 ‐ for the hydrogenation of CO/CO2 mixtures towards methane. CO methanation experiments reveal a rapid temperature‐depended deactivation for temperatures above 350 °C caused by coking and possible blocking of the pores. In comparison to a Co/mSiO2 reference catalyst with the same Co particle size a significantly higher methane selectivity was found for CO2 hydrogenation, which we attribute to the confinement effect of the core‐shell structure and therefore a higher probability of CO readsorption. Finally, the simultaneous CO/CO2 co‐methanation experiments show a high flexibility of the catalyst materials on different gas feed compositions.
Design Impact on Airflow Patterns in Fluidization Units
Authors: Renaudo Carlos Alberto , Bertin Diego Esteban , Bucalá Verónica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe airflow behavior in a fluidization unit was integrally studied by means of experimental work and computational fluid dynamics simulation. The computational domain included the gas inlet pipe, plenum, perforated plate, fluidization chamber, and air outlet pipe. Different scenarios were simulated to allow distinguishing the best way to represent perforated‐plate distributors and elucidate the impact of the grid design on the fluidization performance. The simulated pressure drop across the distributor and the plenum flow pattern were in concordance with the experimental data. It was found that the distance between the peripheral holes and walls has a great impact on the airflow downstream the distributor.
Success and satisfaction of women in financial planning
Authors: Pasztor Jim , Sunder Aman , Henderson Rebecca 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere has been much discussion, research, and initiatives related to building the financial planning profession by attracting and retaining talented financial planners. Surveys have shown that many view financial planning as primarily a profession of white males. There is no evidence that women lack the skills or traits necessary to be successful financial planners, yet for more than a decade, gender diversity has been a challenge. Previous research has found evidence of sexism in financial planning, which includes significantly lower compensation for women and different treatment of women by their fellow planners and employers. We surveyed 224 experienced professional financial planners to analyze their feelings of satisfaction and success and how these feelings related to their gender, size of practice, education, personality traits, age, and years of experience. The women in our sample were equivalent or better than men with regard to education, experience, personality (the Big Five personality traits), and certified financial planner (CFP®) certification. However, we found that professional career satisfaction was surprisingly higher for women if they worked for a solo practice rather than for a large firm where they felt significantly more successful.
Molecular Electron Density Distribution and X‐Ray Diffraction Patterns of Smectic A Liquid Crystals – A Simulation Study
Authors: Haege Christian , Jagiella Stefan , Giesselmann Frank 
Published: July 2019

AbstractX‐ray diffraction (XRD) is one of the most important methods to assess the long‐range translational order in smectic A (SmA) liquid crystals. Nevertheless, the knowledge about the influence of the molecular electron density distribution (MEDD) on the XRD pattern is rather limited because it is not possible to vary the orientational order, the translational order and the MEDD independently in an experiment. We here present a systematic simulation study in which we examine this effect and show that the MEDD indeed has a major impact on the general appearance of the XRD pattern. More specifically, we find that the smectic layer peaks and the intensity ratios thereof strongly depend on the width of the MEDD. The classic approach by Leadbetter et al. to determine the smectic translational order parameter
from XRD intensities works if the MEDD is quite narrow. In all other cases the influence of the MEDD has to be taken into account.