bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a triiodothyronine (T3) ELISA for mouse fecal samples
Authors: Thompson Lucia M. , Coulter Brailey M. , VanPutte Cinnamon L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcquiring sufficient blood for hormone analysis in mice can be a limiting step. Hormone analysis techniques using non‐invasive sample collection have been vigorously developed for endangered species, from whom blood sampling is prohibited, or from species that are otherwise difficult to handle in a laboratory setting. Because there are interactions between glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), reducing the animal's “distress” during sample collection is imperative. Measurement of fecal T3 provides less sensitive, baseline information regarding thyroid function while permitting a non‐invasive technique for more frequent sampling. We demonstrated that using a methanol extraction protocol produced the most reliable fecal T3 measurement in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that during a thyroid hormone‐treated state, fecal and plasma T3 measurements from mice are directly related, while during a methimazole‐treated state, fecal and plasma T3 measurements from mice are inversely related. Fecal samples are a useful way to monitor thyroid hormone function in laboratory mice.
Examining the effect of salbutamol use in ozone air pollution by people with exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: Stothers Bennett T. , Hung Andy , Gonçalves Patric E. O. , Pei Lulu X. , van de Kerkhof Tessa , Arnold Jem I. , Harris Owen D. , Borduas‐Dedekind Nadine , Sheel Andrew W. , Koehle Michael S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious studies based on animal models have raised concerns about salbutamol use in ozone air pollution with regard to ozone related lung injury. We conducted a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover study including 18 subjects diagnosed with EIB by a eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) test. Participants completed 30 min of standardized moderate to vigorous exercise in four conditions: ozone plus salbutamol; room air plus salbutamol; ozone plus placebo medication; and room air plus placebo medication. Spirometry, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and symptoms were measured before, immediately after, 30 min after and 1 h after exercise. Measurements between the four conditions were compared using percent change from pre to post exercise. There was a statistically significant difference between the salbutamol and placebo medication groups for spirometric variables including FEV1 (Estimate = 6.3, 95% CI: 4.23–8.37, p < 0.001). No differences were observed between ozone and room air exposures. There were no significant differences in FeNO response between experimental conditions. We found that salbutamol improved pulmonary function in individuals with EIB when exercising in ozone and did not increase eosinophilic airway inflammation as indicated by FeNO. This evidence suggests that it is safe for people with EIB to continue to use salbutamol as prescribed when ozone levels are elevated.
The Too-Big-to-Fail Premium in Tier-2 Capital Bonds and Additional Tier-1 Capital Bonds Primary Markets: Evidence from China
Authors: Yang Le 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study examines the too-big-to-fail expectations in the primary market issuance spreads of commercial bank tier-2 capital bonds and additional tier-1 capital bonds in China. Using a sample of 574 issuances with total amount of 4.76 trillion RMB (749 billion USD), we conduct median regressions with the issuance spreads as the dependent variable. The coefficients of DSIB and GSIB are negative and statistically significant at 1% and 5% levels respectively in the full sample, and are negative and statistically significant at 1% level in the subsample after the guidance on asset management businesses was announced. Ceteris paribus, the issuance spreads of capital bonds of systemically important banks are 15.2 bps to 19.7 bps lower than those issued by other banks. The too-big-to-fail expectations and implicit guarantee of systemically important banks in the Chinese bond market, which narrow the primary market spreads of capital bonds issued by systemically important banks, may account for the results. To address the potential endogeneity issues, we use 90% quantile and 95% quantile of sample bank consolidated assets as proxies of systemic importance, and use China Development Bank bond yields to calculate issuance spreads, and the results show that the conclusion is robust.
Drivers of Portfolio Flows into Chinese Debt Securities Amidst China’s Bond Market Development
Authors: McCully Tuuli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The paper focuses on China’s onshore bond market and the drivers of non-resident net portfolio flows into Chinese debt securities. Following a review of China’s bond market, a simple theoretical model of push and pull factors driving bond flows is built. It represents a foundation for the empirical analysis on drivers of bond flows into China. Static and time-varying models are estimated to explain the importance of push and pull factors in China’s bond market. While China-specific pull factors, such as domestic economic growth and asset returns, are important drivers of flows, the results reveal that global push factors, such as US interest rates and risk aversion, have recently gained significance as drivers of flows into China. The results confirm China’s continued bond market deepening and integration with the rest of the world, which may have financial stability implications. Therefore, increased awareness regarding bond market developments in China is warranted.
The Connections among the US, China and Russia through Safe Assets
Authors: Wang Rongyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses the following problem: how debt chains sewed through government bonds are operated under either full commitment or limited commitment of the valuation of the debt by bond issuing countries. This paper takes the debt relationship of the US, China and Russia as an example to study the problem. This paper finds that even under the full commitment situation, the debt chain is hard to maintain in some circumstances. In the limited-commitment situation, even if safe asset issuance is a reflection of a country’s financial power, because China’s safe asset issued to Russia is denoted by USD, whether or not China encounters Triffin dilemma is ultimately determined by the US.
Research on How the Digital Economy Contributes to Achieving A High-Level and Balanced Development of the Elderly Care Service Industry
Authors: Xia Jiechang , Chen Ting 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
China’s aging population has gained significant attention. Population aging implies that the demand for elderly care services will be on the rise. However, China’s aging exhibits a notable characteristic of getting old prior to achieving affluence, which directly constrains the enhancement of the level of elderly care services. The Communist Party of China and the government attach considerable importance to the issue of population aging and pensions. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee adopted the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese-Style Modernization, emphasizing that “we should actively respond to population aging and improve the development of elderly care and elderly care industry policy mechanisms.” Regarding the supply of pension services, due to the professional and long-term nature of pension services, the supply cost remains high. The contradiction between the low level of demand and the high cost of supply might lead to the “low-level equilibrium trap” of the elderly service industry. The digital economy has achieved remarkable effects in promoting the elderly care service industry. It has played a vital role in optimizing the allocation of elderly care resources, reducing the cost of elderly care services, and creating a superior elderly care ecosystem. In this context, it holds considerable academic value and practical significance to study the impact of the digital economy on the development of pension service industry, to analyze the digital divide and bridge the path for the development of the pension service industry, and to explore the countermeasures and ideas of the digital economy to facilitate the high-level, balanced, and high-quality development of the pension service industry.
Applying machine learning for biomass gasification prediction: enhancing efficiency and sustainability
Authors: Tai Chang , Xiong Shasha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the contemporary era, marked by the increasing significance of sustainable energy sources, biomass gasification emerges as a highly promising technology for converting organic materials into valuable fuel, offering an environmentally friendly approach that not only mitigates waste but also addresses the growing energy demands. However, the effectiveness of biomass gasification is intricately tied to its predictability and efficiency, presenting a substantial challenge in achieving optimal operational parameters for this complex process. It is at this precise juncture that machine learning assumes a pivotal role, initiating a transformative paradigm shift in the approach to biomass gasification. This article delves into the convergence of machine learning and the prediction of biomass gasification and introduces two innovative hybrid models that amalgamate the Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm with Coot Optimization Algorithm (COA) and Walrus Optimization Algorithm (WaOA). These models harness nearby biomass data to forecast the elemental compositions of CH4 and C2Hn, thereby enhancing the precision and practicality of biomass gasification predictions, offering potential solutions to the intricate challenges within the domain. The SVWO model (SVR optimized with WaOA) is an effective tool for predicting these elemental compositions. SVWO exhibited outstanding performance with notable R
2 values of 0.992 for CH4 and 0.994 for C2Hn, emphasizing its exceptional accuracy. Additionally, the minimal RMSE values of 0.317 for CH4 and 0.136 for C2Hn underscore the precision of SVWO. This accuracy in SVWO’s predictions affirms its suitability for practical, real-world applications.
Responses of teachers in Scotland to the reintroduction of the practical project in the advanced higher chemistry curriculum
Authors: Traynor Erin , Scott Fraser J. , Thomson Patrick I. T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many pupils who study chemistry in Scotland and intend to progress to university undertake a final capstone practical research project as part of their Advanced Higher chemistry qualification. This project work was suspended for several years due to COVID-19, then reintroduced in 2023/24. We surveyed 47 Scottish teachers during this first project year using a mixed-methods survey, and found that resource availability had the biggest impact on projects, with over half of respondents reporting that they asked pupils to buy materials and a third committing their own money. Technician support was seen as critical to success, but project selection was heavily curtailed by the availability of existing equipment or chemicals, even as teachers made good use of available professional development and other forms of support. We finally make recommendations around the resourcing of project work and teacher/technician CPD provision.
A general recipe to observe non-Abelian gauge field in metamaterials
Authors: Liu Bingbing , Xu Tao , Hang Zhi Hong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recent research on non-Abelian phenomena has cast a new perspective on controlling light. In this work, we provide a simple and general approach to induce non-Abelian gauge field to tremble the light beam trajectory. With in-plane duality symmetry relaxed, our theoretical analysis finds that non-Abelian electric field can be synthesized through a simple real-space rotation of any biaxial material. With orthogonal optical modes excited, their interference leads to an oscillation of the propagating optical beam, which is a direct consequence of the emergence of non-Abelian electric field, influencing light in a manner similar with how electric fields act on charged particles. Our microwave experiments provide unambiguous evidence to the observation of such an optical Zitterbewegung effect where excellent agreement can be found between theorical derivation, numerical simulations and experiments. By extending the idea to optical regime using natural material, we here provide another example to shake the general intuition that light travels in straight lines in homogeneous media.
Leveraging multiplexed metasurfaces for multi-task learning with all-optical diffractive processors
Authors: Behroozinia Sahar , Gu Qing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Diffractive Neural Networks (DNNs) leverage the power of light to enhance computational performance in machine learning, offering a pathway to high-speed, low-energy, and large-scale neural information processing. However, most existing DNN architectures are optimized for single tasks and thus lack the flexibility required for the simultaneous execution of multiple tasks within a unified artificial intelligence platform. In this work, we utilize the polarization and wavelength degrees of freedom of light to achieve optical multi-task identification using the MNIST, FMNIST, and KMNIST datasets. Employing bilayer cascaded metasurfaces, we construct dual-channel DNNs capable of simultaneously classifying two tasks, using polarization and wavelength multiplexing schemes through a meta-atom library. Numerical evaluations demonstrate performance accuracies comparable to those of individually trained single-channel, single-task DNNs. Extending this approach to three-task parallel recognition reveals an expected performance decline yet maintains satisfactory classification accuracies of greater than 80 % for all tasks. We further introduce a novel end-to-end joint optimization framework to redesign the three-task classifier, demonstrating substantial improvements over the meta-atom library design and offering the potential for future multi-channel DNN designs. Our study could pave the way for the development of ultrathin, high-speed, and high-throughput optical neural computing systems.
The crystal structure of (9H-thioxanthen-9- ylidene)hydrazine monohydrate, C13H11N2SO0.5
Authors: Zhou Qi , Zhai Li-Wen , Zuo Jing-Jing , Li Zhong-Yan , Yuan Lin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
C13H10N2S, orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 30.55(2) Å, b = 7.760(6) Å, c = 9.622(7) Å, V = 2,281(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0393, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1033, T = 296(2) K.
The Capability Approach and Archaeological Interpretation of Transformations: On the Role of Philosophy for Archaeology
Authors: Arponen V. P. J. , Ohlrau René , Kerig Tim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over its history, archaeology has seen a varied set of uses made of philosophy and philosophical concepts. A persistent critique has been that too often philosophical or more generally theoretical debates have made little difference in terms of empirical archaeological work and interpretation. In this article, we present results from an interdisciplinary study on the operationalisation of the Capability Approach in archaeology. We trace some of its implications as regards the understanding of identity and social organisation in archaeology and represent a model by way of which the Capability Approach can be operationalised in archaeology with the Cucuteni-Trypillia societies from 5050 to 2950 BCE as our case study. An analytic scheme is developed that relates archaeological categories to those of the United Nation’s Human Development Index.
Dielectric characteristics of Mediterranean lignocellulosic fibers for functional biocomposite materials
Authors: AL-Oqla Faris M. , Nawafleh Nashat 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The primary aim of this study is to investigate the dielectric properties of lignocellulosic fibers, a unique kind of natural fiber prevalent in the Mediterranean area. Comprehensive investigations were undertaken to determine the suitability of these fibers for functional biomaterials and to reveal their potential capabilities comparable to those commonly used in other parts of the world. More exploration of the electrical characteristics of agricultural waste fibers may lead to the development and improvement of a more comprehensive knowledge on their use in the production of practical eco-products. This will provide novel opportunities for ecologically conscious design. Based on the introduction of natural fibers and their advantages in biomaterials, this study will examine the parallel plate capacitor approach to assess the dielectric properties of biological fibers. Subsequently, the impact of maleic anhydride on the dielectric properties of natural fiber composites was demonstrated as a focused case study. Therefore, it is possible to develop a suitable database for the selection of visually appealing materials in order to enhance comprehensive knowledge of the intrinsic electrical properties and attributes of these materials. Consequently, this would result in the development of more practical strategies for designing environmentally friendly products in bio-electronics and the identification of novel biomaterials with potential applications in electronics.
Mothballing as a Predatory Strategy
Authors: Lambin Xavier 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The deregulation of the electricity sector in Europe since the early 1990s led to new challenges. In particular, investors are increasingly exposed to risk and mothballing is an option of increasing interest and regulatory scrutiny. I argue that mothballing can be used to avoid losing the war of attrition of a standard exit game, by decreasing the value of rivals and driving them to quit earlier than if the plant was retired. I describe this phenomenon through the lens of simple game-theoretical settings, and propose a real-options game-theoretic model to describe and quantify the effects of mothballing.
What I Like! The Joint Impact of Attitude, Perceived Quality, and Experience on Brand Loyalty: Semi-Parametric Additive Mixed Modeling
Authors: Höfling T. Tim A. , Walter Nadine , Kuhlenkasper Torben , Alpers Georg W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Several psychological brand performance indicators that predict a brand’s intermediate market share have been identified. So far, rating studies have exclusively investigated brand effects in terms of linear relationships, and their specific and possibly nonlinear interactions have yet to be examined in comparison. Hence, we investigated the relative importance of three well-established psychological performance indicators, attitude toward the brand, perceived quality, and brand experience, in predicting brand loyalty. A sample of 1,077 participants completed an online survey and rated subsets of 105 international brands from various product and service industries. Relations between attitude, perceived quality, and experience in predicting loyalty toward a brand were analyzed using semi-parametric additive mixed regression models. We replicated that all three predictors significantly impacted brand loyalty and revealed a pronounced nonlinear relationship between attitude and loyalty. The inclusion of nonlinear interactions between predictors improved model fit. In particular, the nonlinear interaction between perceived quality and attitude substantially impacted brand loyalty. In addition, these effects differ by type of industry, specifically fast-moving consumer goods, automotive, fashion, electronics, and finance/insurance. These findings draw attention to nonlinear patterns between specific psychological features of brands. Future research should address nonlinear effects and the specific interactions of other essential predictors of brand equity.
Complex weight distinctions in Harmonic Serialism
Authors: Al-Mohanna Faisal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A number of the quantity-sensitive stress systems which are characterised by complex weight distinctions have often proven challenging for parallel constraint-based metrical frameworks. A number of parallel-OT accounts are proposed to explain stress systems with multi-level weight hierarchies, in which syllables with long vowels (CVV) are more prominent than closed syllables (CVC), and closed syllables are more prominent than short open syllables (CV). The majority of these accounts are either inadequate or implausible. This paper seeks to provide an alternative account of stress systems with complex weight distinctions. Gradual prosodification, as an application of Harmonic Serialism, is the proposed framework for analysis. Maintaining gradualness and harmonic improvement in prosodic structure across the different steps of the derivation is deemed to be sufficient to achieve the required effects. The realisation of the various prominence relations illustrated in those multi-level weight hierarchies is considered to be an epiphenomenon of the sequential application of independently motivated prosodification processes, such as coda consonant moraification and foot construction. The proposed gradual prosodification model is applied to the stress systems of Kashmiri and Pulaar, that have identical algorithms for primary stress assignment, in addition to the secondary stress patten attested in Pulaar.
Diabetic ketoacidosis as first presentation of undiagnosed pancreatic cancer in an octogenarian
Authors: Le Minh V , Fourlanos Spiros , Barmanray Rahul D 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that can theoretically occur in people of any age. While DKA can typically be the first presentation of type 1 DM in younger people, a first presentation is rare in older adults. Pancreatic cancer often manifests with new DM or hyperglycaemia, but very rarely as DKA. We report a case of an 89-year-old woman who was incidentally diagnosed with DKA during workup for an unwitnessed fall. Her DKA was promptly managed, and she was subsequently diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Given the advanced stage of her malignancy, the multidisciplinary team consensus was for a palliative approach. She passed away on day 10 of the admission. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a first DKA presentation as a manifestation of pancreatic cancer in an adult aged over 70 years. To date, there is no effective screening test for pancreatic cancer in the general population. However, new-onset DM in the appropriate context might indicate the need for further evaluation. While it is possible that unresectable tumours are identified, earlier diagnosis of DM with pancreatic cancer may facilitate more timely management, including earlier advanced care planning.

Learning points

A higher clinical suspicion for pancreatic cancer is required for older adults presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis without a previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus.

A bi-directional relationship exists between diabetes and pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer generally has a very poor prognosis due to its advanced stage at diagnosis and the lack of an effective screening test.

New-onset diabetes in the appropriate context (such as weight loss) can indicate the need for further evaluation for underlying pancreatic cancer.