bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hesperetin and it nanocrystals ameliorate social behavior deficits and oxido‐inflammatory stress in rat model of autism
Authors: Khalaj Rashin , Hajizadeh Moghaddam Akbar , Zare Mahboobeh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) induces behavioral disorders and enhancement of oxido‐inflammatory stress in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of hesperetin (Hst) and nano‐hesperetin on social behavior deficits and oxido‐inflammatory indexes in prenatally valproic acid‐exposed rat offspring. Pregnant Wistar rats on embryonic day 0 (E0) were segregated into six groups; Group‐1 served as vehicle, received distillated water orally (PO) from E1 until the end of lactation and saline intraperitoneally (i.p) on E12.5. Group‐2 received sodium valproate (500 mg/kg in 0.9% saline, i.p) on E12.5 was considered as VPA‐exposed group, Group‐3 to 6 were VPA‐exposed which received hesperetin and nano‐hesperetin (10 and 20 mg/kg/day, PO) from E0 until the end of lactation respectively. Social interaction and open field tests were conducted on postnatal day 28 (PND 28) and PND 30, cerebral antioxidant enzymes activity and biochemical indexes, the level of inflammatory factors in plasma and histopathology of cerebellum were estimated on PND 28 and PND 30. Prenatal valproic acid‐exposed rat exhibited poor sociability and high level of anxiety‐like behaviors (P <  0.05). In addition, increased level of oxidative stress and inflammation were found by determining different oxido‐inflammatory markers. Hesperetin and nano‐hesperetin treatment improved the behavioral disorder and reduced the oxidative stress in brain and significantly (p <  0.05) plasma's inflammation indexes. In conclusion, it can be state that nano‐hesperetin exerts neuroprotective action in comparison with hesperetin and could be efficacious for treatment of VPA animal model of autism during pregnancy and lactation.
Prenatal undernutrition decreases the anorectic response to septic doses of lipopolysaccharides in adulthood in male rats
Authors: Iwasa Takeshi , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Yano Kiyohito , Mayila Yiliyasi , Irahara Minoru 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrenatal undernutrition affects some physiological functions after birth, and such changes are associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases. Recently, we have reported that prenatally undernourished male rats exhibited stronger febrile and anorectic responses to immune stress induced by moderate‐dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in adulthood. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of prenatal undernutrition on stress responses to the administration of a septic dose (3 mg/kg) of LPS in later life, mainly focusing on changes in hypothalamic proinflammatory cytokine expression. We also evaluated the expression of hypothalamic and peripheral reproductive factors because it has been suggested that the stress responses of reproductive functions are affected by prenatal and neonatal stress and nutritional conditions. As a result, we found that prenatal undernutrition attenuated the anorectic response to septic‐dose LPS treatment in adulthood in male rats. In addition, it attenuated the LPS‐induced suppression of serum testosterone levels and the changes in hypothalamic proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and IL‐6) expression induced by septic‐dose LPS treatment in adulthood. These results suggest that prenatal undernutrition attenuates stress and reproductive responses under severe immune stress conditions. The downregulation of hypothalamic stress‐related factor expression might be involved in such attenuated stress responses, which could be one of the protective mechanisms used to prevent excessive immune responses and aid survival.
Safety Considerations in Prescription of NSAIDs for Musculoskeletal Pain: A Narrative Review
Authors: Hatt Katie M. , Vijapura Anita , Maitin Ian B. , Cruz Ernesto 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently prescribed for the treatment of painful musculoskeletal conditions. When prescribing oral NSAIDs, clinicians must consider coexisting cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, gastrointestinal, and renal disease because oral NSAIDs are associated with a broad spectrum of adverse effects on these systems. The different safety profiles of NSAIDs can be attributed to differences in the extent to which the drug inhibits cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 vs ‐2 and their potential for drug‐drug interactions. This narrative review intends to guide the clinician in prescribing oral NSAIDs while taking into consideration these comorbid conditions and drug interactions.Level of EvidenceIII
Pregnancy Results in Lasting Changes in Knee Joint Laxity
Authors: Chu Stacey R. , Boyer Elizabeth H. , Beynnon Bruce , Segal Neil A. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAltered joint laxity can contribute to joint dysfunction. Knee joint laxity has been shown to increase during pregnancy, but its long‐term persistence is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether pregnancy leads to lasting increases in knee joint compliance and laxity that persist longer than 4 months postpartum.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingA motion analysis laboratory at an academic medical center.ParticipantsFifty healthy women in their first trimester of pregnancy (mean ± SD 29.2 ± 4.3 years old and baseline body mass index 26.0 ± 5.4 kg/m2) were recruited.InterventionEnd‐range knee laxity and midrange joint compliance were measured during the first trimester and 19 ± 4 weeks postpartum. Anterior‐posterior and varus‐valgus laxity were measured using 3‐dimensional motion tracking while applying forces and moments in each respective plane using the Vermont Knee Laxity Device. Nonlinear models were constructed to assess relations between applied forces and joint translation, comparing early pregnancy with postpartum.OutcomesMultiplanar knee laxity and compliance.ResultsPeak varus‐valgus (20‐22%; P = .001) and posterior translation (51%; P < .001) of the tibia relative to the femur decreased from baseline, with a concomitant decrease in laxity (P < .001) and compliance (P = .039) in the coronal plane and in the posterior direction in primiparous (P = .009) and multiparous (P = .014) women. For primiparous women, laxity (P < .001) and compliance (P = .009) increased in the anterior direction.ConclusionsPregnancy resulted in a lasting decrease in multiplanar knee laxity and compliance in the varus and posterior directions with an increase in anterior compliance. The effects of these changes in laxity and compliance of the passive stabilizers on knee loading patterns, articular contact stresses, and risk for osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders will require additional research.Level of EvidenceII
Can a Brief Training Session Prepare Physician Sonographers of Differing Experience to Measure the Ischiofemoral Space? A Reliability Study
Authors: Boettcher Brennan J. , Hollman John H. , Payne Jeffrey M. , Johnson Adam C. , Finnoff Jonathan T. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to determine the inter‐ and intrarater reliability of ultrasound (US) measurements of the ischiofemoral space (IFS) following a brief training session. A secondary aim was to determine if reliability correlated with sonographer experience.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPhysical medicine and rehabilitation department within a tertiary care institution.ParticipantsSeven male and 3 female individuals were recruited to serve as models. Nine physician sonographers (3 postgraduate year [PGY]‐2 residents, 3 PGY‐4 residents, 3 physicians) were recruited to serve as sonographers.Methods or InterventionsSonographers received a 15‐minute educational session on identifying the IFS with US, followed by 20 minutes of practice. Models were then placed in a prone position and secured to prevent hip movement. All operators measured bilateral IFSs in each model twice with a washout period between measurements. Operators were blinded to all measurements.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcomes were inter‐ and intrarater reliability interclass coefficients (ICCs) of IFS measurements among the groups with different levels of US experience. Secondary outcomes included comparisons of inter‐ and intrarater reliability ICCs of IFS measurements between groups, and the difference of mean IFS measurements between groups.ResultsIntrarater reliability ICCs were 0.829, 0.680, and 0.596 for physician, PGY‐4, and PGY‐2 groups, respectively. Interrater reliability ICCs were 0.722, 0.427, and 0.558 for physician, PGY‐4, and PGY‐2 groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences in reliability were identified between groups. Mean IFS measurements were 31.2, 33.4, and 34.0 mm for physician, PGY‐4, and PGY‐2 groups, respectively. Physician measurements were significantly smaller than the PGY‐4 and PGY‐2 measurements (P < .049 and P < .01).ConclusionsFollowing a brief training session, experienced sonographers demonstrated excellent IFS measurement intrarater reliability, whereas PGY‐4 and PGY‐2 sonographers demonstrated fair intrarater reliability. All sonographers demonstrated fair interrater reliability.Level of EvidenceII
Variations in Denitrification and Ventilation Within the Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone During the Holocene
Authors: Kessarkar Pratima M. , Naqvi S. W. A. , Thamban M. , Fernandes Lina L. , Siebert Christopher , Rao V. Purnachandra , Kawahata H. , Ittekkot V. , Frank Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe continental slope of India is exposed to an intense perennial oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) supporting pelagic denitrification. Sediments that are presently in contact with the lower boundary of the denitrification zone indicate marked changes in the intermediate and bottom waters ventilation of OMZ during the past 9,500 years. The δ15N of sediment suggests that the OMZ waters were less ventilated during the early Holocene (between 9.5 and 8.5 ka BP) resulting in intensified denitrifying conditions with an average δ15N value of 7.8‰, while at the same time stable Mo isotope composition (average δ98Mo of −0.02‰) indicates that the bottom waters that were in contact with the sediments were better oxygenated. By the mid‐Holocene OMZ became more oxygenated suppressing denitrification (average δ15N of 6.2‰), while bottom waters gradually became less oxygenated (average δ98Mo of 1.7‰). The mid‐Holocene reduction in denitrification coincided with a global decrease in atmospheric N2O as inferred from ice core records, which is consistent with a decreased contribution from the Arabian Sea. Since ~5.5 ka BP OMZ waters have again been undergoing progressive deoxygenation accompanied by increasing denitrification.
Plasma Anisotropies and Currents in the Near‐Earth Plasma Sheet and Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Zhang X.‐J. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A. , Spence H. E. , Larsen B. A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe region occupying radial distances of ∼3–9 Earth radii (RE) in the nightside includes the near‐Earth plasma sheet with stretched magnetic field lines and the inner magnetosphere with strong dipolar magnetic field. In this region, the plasma flow energy, which was injected into the inner magnetosphere from the magnetotail, is converted to particle heating and electromagnetic wave generation. These important processes are controlled by plasma anisotropies, which are the focus of this study. Using measurements of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms and Van Allen Probes in this transition region we obtain radial profiles of ion and electron temperatures and anisotropies for various geomagnetic activity levels. Ion and electron anisotropies vary with the geomagnetic activity in opposite directions. Parallel anisotropic ions are observed together with transversely anisotropic electrons, whereas the change of ion anisotropy from parallel to transverse (with increasing Kp) is accompanied by the electron anisotropy changing from transverse to parallel. Based on plasma anisotropy observations, we estimate that the anisotropy‐related currents (curvature currents) are about 10–20% of the diamagnetic currents.
Statistical Investigation of the Efficiency of EMIC Waves in Precipitating Relativistic Electrons
Authors: Qin Murong , Hudson Mary , Millan Robyn , Woodger Leslie , Shekhar Sapna 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves have been proposed to cause relativistic electron precipitation (REP). In our study, we carry out 4 years of analysis from 2013 to 2016, with REP spikes obtained from POES satellites and EMIC waves observation from Van Allen Probes. Among the 473 coincidence events when POES satellites go through the region conjugate to EMIC wave activity, only 127 are associated with REP. Additionally, the coincidence occurrence rate is about 10% higher than the random coincidence occurrence rate, indicating that EMIC waves and relativistic electrons can be statistically related, but the link is weaker than expected. H+ band EMIC waves have been regarded as less important than He+ band EMIC waves for the precipitation of relativistic electrons. We demonstrate that the proportion of H+ band EMIC wave events that are associated with REP (22% to 32%) is slightly higher than for He+ band EMIC wave activity (18% to 27%). An even greater proportion (25% to 40%) of EMIC waves are accompanied by REP events when H+ band and He+ band EMIC waves occur simultaneously.
Crystal‐less oscillator calibration using serial data as frequency reference
Authors: Yang Wendi , Jiang Hanjun , Wang Zhihua 
Published: June 2018

A frequency calibration method for a crystal‐less current‐controlled ring oscillator is presented. It uses a serial data signal from another chip as the frequency reference. The proposed calibration circuit is composed of the coarse calibration and the fine calibration circuit. The coarse calibration circuit controls a binary weighted biasing current source array, while the fine calibration circuit generates a pulse‐width‐modulation (PWM) signal to control a switched biasing current source. The duty cycle ratio of the PWM signal is obtained by measuring the frequency ratio error between the oscillator output and the reference signal. An auto‐correlation‐based method is proposed to calculate the frequency ratio error. The 8 MHz ring oscillator in together with the calibration circuit has been fabricated in a 0.13 μm CMOS process. Measured results on 24 chips show that the relative frequency error is reduced to 0.0239% (mean offset + 3σ) after calibration. The reported oscillator shows advantages in accuracy, power consumption and chip area.
Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Arenou F. , Luri X. , Babusiaux C. , Fabricius C. , Helmi A. , Muraveva T. , Robin A. C. , Spoto F. , Vallenari A. , Antoja T. , Cantat-Gaudin T. , Jordi C. , Leclerc N. , Reylé C. , Romero-Gómez M. , Shih I.-C. , Soria S. , Barache C. , Bossini D. , Bragaglia A. , Breddels M. A. , Fabrizio M. , Lambert S. , Marrese P. M. , Massari D. , Moitinho A. , Robichon N. , Ruiz-Dern L. , Sordo R. , Veljanoski J. , Eyer L. , Jasniewicz G. , Pancino E. , Soubiran C. , Spagna A. , Tanga P. , Turon C. , Zurbach C. 
Published: June 2018

Context. The second Gaia data release (DR2) contains very precise astrometric and photometric properties for more than one billion sources, astrophysical parameters for dozens of millions, radial velocities for millions, variability information for half a million stars from selected variability classes, and orbits for thousands of solar system objects.
Aims. Before the catalogue was published, these data have undergone dedicated validation processes. The goal of this paper is to describe the validation results in terms of completeness, accuracy, and precision of the various Gaia DR2 data.
Methods. The validation processes include a systematic analysis of the catalogue content to detect anomalies, either individual errors or statistical properties, using statistical analysis and comparisons to external data or to models.
Results. Although the astrometric, photometric, and spectroscopic data are of unprecedented quality and quantity, it is shown that the data cannot be used without dedicated attention to the limitations described here, in the catalogue documentation and in accompanying papers. We place special emphasis on the caveats for the statistical use of the data in scientific exploitation. In particular, we discuss the quality filters and the consideration of the properties, systematics, and uncertainties from astrometry to astrophysical parameters, together with the various selection functions.
Maligne Knochentumoren im Kindesalter
Authors: Uhl Markus , Hettmer Simone , Herget Georg 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Osteosarkom und das Ewing-Sarkom als häufigste primäre maligne Knochentumoren im Kindesalter sind Tumoren mit vielen Gesichtern. Ihre Malignität erfordert eine rechtzeitige Diagnose und die sichere Abgrenzung von anderen aggressiven Knochentumoren, z. B. von der Langerhans-Zell-Histiozytose.
Einsparpotenziale für die medikamentöse Therapie des Prostatakrebs sind in der GKV regional unterschiedlich
Authors: de Millas Christoph , Zimmermann Anne , Höer Ariane 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon-Analoga (GnRH-Analoga) sind der Therapiestandard bei der Behandlung von fortgeschrittenem Prostatakrebs. Vier
GnRH-Analoga (Buserelin, Goserelin, Leuprorelin und Triptorelin) waren 2015 und 2016 verfügbar. Nur Leuprorelin war generisch verfügbar. Es wurde modelliert, ob
für die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen Einsparpotenziale im Bereich der GnRH-Analoga bestehen, wenn regionale Unterschiede im Verschreibungsverhalten aufgehoben
werden.
Methodik Datengrundlage waren monatliche ambulante Verordnungsdaten von IQVIA auf Ebene der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen (KVen) und gesetzlichen
Krankenkassen (GKV). Auf Basis von zwei Benchmarks wurden regionale Einsparpotenziale berechnet. Der erste Benchmark ist die größte beobachtete
Marktdurchdringung nach Verbrauch – gemessen in definierten Tagesdosen (DDD) – in einem Quartal 2015/2016 in einer KV-Region in Bezug auf den wirtschaftlichsten
Wirkstoff. Der zweite Benchmark ist innerhalb des wirtschaftlichsten Wirkstoffs die größte beobachtete Marktdurchdringung des preisgünstigsten Produktes.
Ergebnisse Die Umsätze des GnRH-Marktes in der GKV waren 2015 und 2016 mit 207,7 Mio. bzw. 212,3 Mio. relativ stabil. Leuprorelin war mit einem
Marktanteil von 69,9 % (Q4 2016) das umsatzstärkste GnRH-Analogon. Innerhalb des Leuprorelin-Marktes ist der Erstanbieter mit 59,6 % Marktführer, während das
einzige Generikum im Markt einen Anteil von 18,1 % erreichte (Q4 2016). Leuprorelin-Generika (4,51 Euro/DDD) stellen die wirtschaftlichste Alternative im
Vergleich zu den übrigen Leuprorelin-Produkten (5,55 Euro/DDD) bzw. GnRH-Analoga (6,02 Euro/DDD) dar. Die Marktanteile nach Verbrauch (DDD) schwankten in den
KVen für Leuprorelin im Q4 2016 zwischen 63,0 % und 79,7 %. Innerhalb des Leuprorelin-Marktes lagen die regionalen Generikaanteile zwischen 7,8 % und 39,5 %.
Dabei wurde in KVen mit „Leitsubstanzquoten“ im Beobachtungszeitraum tendenziell höhere Einsparpotentiale erzielt. Regelungen zu Gunsten von Leuprorelin hatten
im Betrachtungszeitraum vier von 17 KVen. In fünf KVen wurde eine entsprechende Regelung 2017 neu eingeführt. Die GKV hätte 2015 und 2016 insgesamt 20,6 Mio.
Euro einsparen können, wenn in allen KV-Regionen die Benchmarks erreicht worden wären.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen niedrigen Marktanteil für das Leuprorelin-Generikum und starke regionale Unterschiede in der Marktverteilung.
Klassische Instrumente der GKV zur Förderung von Generika greifen in diesem Fall nicht. Leitsubstanzregelungen können eine wirtschaftliche Verordnungsweise
fördern, indem sie die Marktdurchdringung von Generika erhöhen. Sie werden daher verstärkt vereinbart. Es sind dadurch substantielle Einsparungen bei
gleichbleibender Versorgungsqualität möglich.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Levels in Patients with Chronic Angina Pectoris with or without Angiographic Evidence of Coronary Sclerosis
Authors: Huber K , Resch I , Stefenelli Th , Lang I , Probst P , Kaindl F , Binder B R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIncreased plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) have been shown to exist in 40 to 60% of patients with stable coronary artery disease and have been suggested to be responsible for the development of coronary thrombotic complications. However, it is also discussed whether PAI-1 elevation might mainly be due to variables like increased age or to reactive mechanisms caused e.g. by the chest pain itself. To exclude age dependent ui pain related influences, age-matched patients with stable angina pectoris (NHYA II) and angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD, n = 16) or without evidence for coronary sclerosis (variant angina, n = 10; angina-like syndrome with normal coronary angiogram, n = 5; non-CAD, n = 15) have been investigated for their plasma PAI-1 activity and t-PA antigen levels. The mean PAI activity in CAD patients (17.5 U/ml) was significantly higher than in non-CAD patients (9.6 U/ml) (p <0.0001). In the CAD patients no significant variation in plasma PAI-1 values could be demonstrated when related to the extent of the disease or to a history of previous myocardial infarction t-PA antigen was also elevated m CAD patients as compared to the non-CAD group (p <0.02). The results suggest therefore a strong correlation between coronary artery disease itself and elevated levels of components of the plasma fibrinolytic system.
Effects of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Platelet Function, Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor
Authors: Veenastra J , Kluft C , Ockhuizen Th , Pol H v d , Wedel M , Schaafsma G 
Published: June 2018

SummaryShort-term effects of moderate alcohol consumption on platelet function, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) were studied in two age groups of volunteers (20–30 and 45–55 years), each consisting of eight healthy males. The alcohol (30 g in red port and wine) was consumed during a standard dinner. Two blood samples were drawn: one in the postprandial phase, and one the next morning after fasting overnight. Alcohol consumption tended to increase platelet aggregation and production of hydroxy fatty acids, reduced plasma t-PA activity and increased PAI activity in the postprandial phase. After the overnight fast the effects on t-PA and PAI had disappeared whereas at that time alcohol consumption tended to decrease platelet function. The effects of alcohol on t-PA and PAI activity appeared mainly in the older age group, whereas the t-PA activity in this group was already much lower, irrespective of alcohol consumption.
The Increased Rate of Activation of Factor XII in Late Pregnancy Can Contribute to the Increased Reactivity of Factor VII
Authors: Mitropoulos K A , Martin J C , Burgess A I , Esnouf M P , Stirling Y , Howarth D J , Reeves B E A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe amidolytic activity of enzymes derived from factor XII (XIIa) was 3-fold higher in plasmas collected during pregnancy than from control subjects. Factor VII coagulant activity (VIIc) and XIIa increased in both kinds of plasmas on incubation on ice for 24 h (cold activation). These increases could be attributed to the decreased potency of C1 inhibitor (C1INH). However, variations in the concentration of C1INH and of factor XII could not explain the differences in VIIc and in XIIa between late pregnancy and control plasmas following cold activation under the same conditions. It is concluded that in vitro the increased amount of contact surface in the late pregnancy plasma promotes a higher rate of generation of XIIa and consequently a higher rate of activation of factor VII. The increased amount of contact surface could also be responsible for the increased concentration of XIIa in non-treated plasma from late pregnancy and could contribute in vivo to the higher reactivity of factor VII in this condition.