bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The paradox of being on the glass cliff: why do women accept risky leadership positions?
Authors: Darouei Maral , Pluut Helen 
Published: September 2018

PurposeRecent evidence from glass cliff research suggests that women are more willing than men to accept risky leadership positions. The purpose of this paper (based on three studies) is to reveal and resolve the apparent paradox that women are more risk averse than men yet end up in risky leadership positions.Design/methodology/approachIn Study I, risk attitudes of 125 participants were surveyed to understand gender differences in risk taking. In two experimental vignette studies, 119 university students (Study II) and 109 working adults (Study III) were offered a leadership position in either a risky or successful company and asked to rate their willingness to accept the job.FindingsTogether, the results showed that although women are generally more risk averse than men, women who scored low on career self-efficacy were more likely to perceive a risky job as a promotional opportunity and were therefore more willing to accept such a job. These findings shed light on the role of women’s career decision making in the glass cliff phenomenon.Originality/valueGlass cliff research has focused almost exclusively on organizational decision makers. The authors aim to better understand the glass cliff phenomenon by incorporating the perspective of job seekers.
Research of a core-less linear machine with applied Halbach array for low speed application
Authors: Naoe Nobuyuki , Imazawa Akio 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present a Halbach magnet array linear machine, without an iron core and the electromotive force (EMF) characteristic results.

Design/methodology/approach
The linear machine was made with mover coils and a permanent magnet stator without an iron core. For an outline design, the analyzed magnetic density results were compared to the Halbach array with a horizontal array using the 3D finite element analysis. The test was carried out on an experimental system using a prototype linear machine. The EMF of the linear machine, with applied Halbach array magnetic circuit, is verified with the experiment.

Findings
The EMF peak value of the Halbach array is larger than the EMF of the horizontal array. Compared to the EMF in the experimental results, the effective value of the Halbach array is 1.69 times greater at an average operation speed of 373 mm/s.

Originality/value
The core-less linear machine has advantages of reduced cogging torque and iron loss because both the stator and the mover do not have an iron core. The stator and rotor will not rust from water. In this paper, it is clear from the basic electrical characteristics that the linear machine, with applied Halbach array, is larger than the EMF of the horizontal array.
A high-order method for simulating convective planar Poiseuille flow over a heated rotating sphere
Authors: Liu Don , Han Hui-Li , Zheng Yong-Lai 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present a high-order algorithm implemented with the modal spectral element method and simulations of three-dimensional thermal convective flows by using the full viscous dissipation function in the energy equation. Three benchmark problems were solved to validate the algorithm with exact or theoretical solutions. The heated rotating sphere at different temperatures inside a cold planar Poiseuille flow was simulated parametrically at varied angular velocities with positive and negative rotations.

Design/methodology/approach
The fourth-order stiffly stable schemes were implemented and tested for time integration. To provide the hp-refinement and spatial resolution enhancement, a modal spectral element method using hierarchical basis functions was used to solve governing equations in a three-dimensional space.

Findings
It was found that the direction of rotation of the heated sphere has totally different effects on drag, lateral force and torque evaluated on surfaces of the sphere and walls. It was further concluded that the angular velocity of the heated sphere has more influence on the wall normal velocity gradient than on the wall normal temperature gradients and therefore, more influence on the viscous dissipation than on the thermal dissipation.

Research limitations/implications
This paper concerns incompressible fluid flow at constant properties with up to medium temperature variations in the absence of thermal radiation and ignoring the pressure work.

Practical implications
This paper contributes a viable high-order algorithm in time and space for modeling convective heat transfer involving an internal heated rotating sphere with the effect of viscous heating.

Social implications
Results of this paper could provide reference for related topics such as enhanced heat transfer forced convection involving rotating spheres and viscous thermal effect.

Originality/value
The merits include resolving viscous dissipation and thermal diffusion in stationary and rotating boundary layers with both h- and p-type refinements, visualizing the viscous heating effect with the full viscous dissipation function in the energy equation and modeling the forced advection around a rotating sphere with varied positive and negative angular velocities subject to a shear flow.
Successful referral behavior in referral reward programs
Authors: Wirtz Jochen , Tang Chris , Georgi Dominik 
Published: September 2018

PurposeReferral reward programs (RRPs) incentivize existing customers (inductors) to refer new customers (inductees). The effectiveness of RRPs is not well understood as previous studies either focused on referral intent and/or ignored inductee responses. However, an RRP is only effective if inductors recommend and inductees respond with buying the service. The purpose of this paper is to examine the drivers of existing customers’ successful referral behavior.Design/methodology/approachThis study combines a bank’s customer relationship management (CRM) data which were used to identify successful inductors and non-inductors. Then, observed behavioral and customer background data from the CRM database (including successful referrals, deposits in euros, number of products held, relationship duration, income, age, and gender) were combined with survey data capturing attitudinal variables (i.e. perceived relationship quality, reward attractiveness, referral metaperception, opportunism, and involvement). This approach allowed for the simultaneous testing of all hypothesized drivers of successful referral behavior.FindingsMetaperception (i.e. the process by which individuals determine the impressions other might form of them and their behavior) was the strongest and most significant driver of successful RRP participation, followed by attractiveness of the reward. That is, inductors recommended successfully when they believed that their incentivized referral did not look bad (or even looked good) and incentives were perceived as attractive. This finding is important as metaperception so far has only been examined in theoretical and experimental studies with intent as dependent variables. Second, latent class analysis (LCA) revealed that there were two segments of inductors of which one was opportunistic. Opportunism as a driver of referral behavior has not been shown in past research using more traditional analyses, whereas LCA uncovered it as a driver for one-third of all respondents.Practical implicationsThe findings offer managers a better understanding of the key determinants of successful referral behavior with important RRP design implications that counter frequent practice (e.g. designing RRPs with high face value but then reducing its usefulness through terms and conditions). Furthermore, managers may consider segment-specific reward structures to improve the effectiveness of their RRPs.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine inductor determinants of successful referral behavior and identify inductor segments.
Role of slip and heat transfer on peristaltic transport of Herschel-Bulkley fluid through an elastic tube
Authors: Vaidya Hanumesh , Gudekote Manjunatha , Choudhari Rajashekhar , K.V. Prasad 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper is concerned with the peristaltic transport of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid in a porous elastic tube. The impacts of slip and heat transfer on the Herschel-Bulkley fluid are considered. The impacts of relevant parameters on flow rate and temperature are examined graphically. The examination incorporates Newtonian, Power-law and Bingham plastic fluids. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The administering equations are solved utilizing long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations, and exact solutions are acquired for velocity, temperature, flux and stream functions.

Findings
It is seen that the flow rate in a Newtonian fluid is high when contrasted with the Herschel-Bulkley model, and the inlet elastic radius and outlet elastic radius have opposite effects on the flow rate.

Originality/value
The analysis carried out in this paper is about the peristaltic transport of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid in a porous elastic tube. The impact of slip and heat transfer on a Herschel-Bulkley fluid is taken into account. The impacts of relevant parameters on the flow rate and temperature are examined graphically. The examination incorporates Newtonian, Power-law and Bingham plastic fluids.
A collocation technique based on modified form of trigonometric cubic B-spline basis functions for Fisher’s reaction-diffusion equation
Authors: Dhiman Neeraj , Tamsir Mohammad 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a modified form of trigonometric cubic B-spline (TCB) collocation method to solve nonlinear Fisher’s type equations. Taylor series expansion is used to linearize the nonlinear part of the problem. Five examples are taken for analysis. The obtained results are better than those obtained by some numerical methods as well as exact solutions. It is noted that the modified form of TCB collocation method is an economical and efficient technique to approximate the solution PDEs. The authors also carried out the stability analysis which proves that the method is unconditionally stable.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors present a modified form of TCB collocation method to solve nonlinear Fisher’s type equations. Taylor series expansion is used to linearize the nonlinear part of the problem. The authors also carried out the stability analysis.

Findings
The authors found that the proposed method results are better than those obtained by some numerical methods as well as exact solutions. It is noted that the modified form of TCB collocation method is an economical and efficient technique to approximate the solution PDEs.

Originality/value
The authors propose a new method, namely, modified form of TCB collocation method. In the authors’ best knowledge, aforesaid method is not proposed by any other author. The authors used this method to solve nonlinear Fisher’s type equations and obtained more accurate results than the results obtained by other methods.
Catastrophic impact of wild boars: insufficient hunting pressure pushes snakes to the brink
Authors: Graitson E. , Barbraud C. , Bonnet X. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractClimatic changes, habitat loss and invasive species are important threats for many animal populations. Here, we report rapid declines and extinctions of adder populations monitored during 12 years in Belgium where none of the above causes was involved. This study provides the first large‐scale data showing that wild boars represent a major risk for snakes, pushing populations to extinction. Drastic population declines were observed in the sites impacted by wild boars (N = 14), while in other sites spared by wild boars populations remained stable (N = 9). Wild boars are highly fertile and their main predators have been extirpated from Western Europe; yet, recreational hunting kept populations in check during decades. Hunting pressure is currently insufficient to control the rapid expansion of wild boars, demographic outbreaks are increasingly frequent. Wild boars are omnivorous; they can destroy snakes directly and indirectly through the depletion of snake's preys and via the destruction of key microhabitats. Snakes exhibit limited dispersal capacities; they cannot escape local perturbations and thus are highly vulnerable. Because wild boars have a very eclectic diet, are prolific breeders and are able to devastate a range of habitats their negative impact under relaxed hunting pressure applies to a huge variety of organisms, including reptiles. Policies to limit wild boar populations are urgently needed. Recommendations to target reproductive females and piglets should be generalized and applied.
Dispersal behaviour of female stag beetles (Lucanus cervus) in a mosaic landscape: when should I stay and where should I go
Authors: Thomaes Arno , Dhont Pieterjan , Dekeukeleire Daan , Vandekerkhove Kris 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Global habitat destruction is bringing species to the edge. Consequently, understanding species dispersal behaviour is becoming essential in order to safeguard vital meta‐populations. Nevertheless, dispersal is too often seen as unconditional rather than triggered by habitat cues.

We applied radio telemetry on female European stag beetles [Lucanus cervus (L., 1758)] in a mosaic landscape to investigate the hypothesis that dispersal is habitat driven, in this case by canopy closure and presence of suitable dead wood, SDW.

We found that the decision to disperse depended on canopy closure and that dispersal distance depended both on SDW availability and canopy closure. Long distance dispersal (by flying), in contrast to small distance dispersal (mainly walking), is shown to be a successful strategy to reach locations with lower canopy closure.

We conclude that dispersal of female stag beetles is not unconditional but shaped by habitat resources. It is therefore likely that habitat also affects dispersal of other insects and should be considered in future dispersal studies.

For the conservation of the European stag beetle, our results imply that it is essential to provide stepping stones of suitable dead wood, preferably every 100 m and not more than 1 km apart. These stepping stones should be provided in open to half‐shaded conditions. Management systems such as coppicing which provide periodic sun‐exposure and sufficient amounts of (underground) dead wood are good management procedures for conservation of the stag beetle but they need to be performed at small scales to ensure suitable habitat proximity.
Cognition and Incarceration: Cognitive Impairment and Its Associated Outcomes in Older Adults in Jail
Authors: Ahalt Cyrus , Stijacic‐Cenzer Irena , Miller Bruce L. , Rosen Howard J. , Barnes Deborah E. , Williams Brie A. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo determine prevalence of, and outcomes associated with, a positive screen for cognitive impairment in older adults in jail.DesignCombined data from cross‐sectional (n=185 participants) and longitudinal (n=125 participants) studies.SettingUrban county jail.ParticipantsIndividuals in jail aged 55 and older (N = 310; mean age 59, range 55–80). Inclusion of individuals aged 55 and older is justified because the criminal justice system defines “geriatric prisoners” as those aged 55 and older.MeasurementsBaseline and follow‐up assessments of health, psychosocial factors, and cognitive status (using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)); 6‐month acute care use and repeat arrest assessed in those followed longitudinally.ResultsParticipants were of low socioeconomic status (85% annual income < $15,000) and predominantly nonwhite (75%). Many (70%) scored less than 25 on the MoCA; those with a low MoCA score were more likely to be nonwhite (81% vs 62%, p<.001) and report fair or poor health (54% vs 41%, p=.04). Over 6 months, a MoCA score of less than 25 was associated with multiple emergency department visits (32% vs 13%, p=.02), hospitalization (35% vs 16%, p=.03), and repeat arrests (45% vs 21%, p=.01).ConclusionsCognitive impairment is prevalent in older adults in jail and is associated with adverse health and criminal justice outcomes. A geriatric approach to jail‐based and transitional health care should be developed to assess and address cognitive impairment. Additional research is needed to better assess cognitive impairment and its consequences in this population. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2065–2071, 2018.
Exercise therapy of patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhou Changli , Zhao Enfa , Li Yuewei , Jia Yong , Li Feng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs drug use has limitations in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), increasing attention is being paid to nondrug therapies and complementary treatments, especially exercise. It is known that bowel movements are more frequent and colon transit is more rapid in physically active individuals than in sedentary individuals. However, the effects of exercise on IBS are unclear.PurposeWe conducted a systematic review to assess the effects of exercise on IBS.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and two Chinese databases (Wanfang Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature [CBM]) for eligible studies. We extracted and pooled relevant information regarding the effects of exercise in patients with IBS. The primary outcomes were gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, depression, and anxiety.Key ResultsA total of 683 patients with IBS from 14 randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria. The exercise interventions in this review were yoga, walking/aerobic physical activity, Tai Ji, mountaineering, and Baduanjin qigong activity. The results of this review suggested exercise had significant benefits for patients with IBS, but studies were limited by the strong risk of bias.Conclusions and InferencesOur findings suggest that exercise is potentially a feasible and effective treatment for IBS patients. However, because of methodologic issues, no firm conclusions could be drawn about the true effects of this intervention. Researchers should design a rigorous study to assess the effects of exercise on IBS.
Automation of Pick and Place Operation in Contact Lens Manufacturing
Authors: Abdul Wahab Norhaliza , Thangaraj Jeevaniswaran 
Published: September 2018

The paper describes the design of an automation of pick and place operation in contact lens manufacturing. The contact lens pick and place robot is designed so that it replaces operators to pick and place contact lenses from cassette to PS-48 tray automatically. The microcontroller used in this project is Arduino Uno. Solidworks is a software used to create the design before fabrication. Actuators used in this projects are stepper motors due to their high precision in calculating steps to move by the overall system. C programming is used along with Arduino Integrated Development Environment, IDE in programming the movement of the robot. For this project, the robot is controlled by pressing start and stop button. The automated lens pick and place robot is way better compare to humans since it is capable of reducing cycle time to complete the process by picking 7 lenses simultaneously. Moreover, the lens pick and place robot tend to reduce number of labours and improve the hygiene in contact lenses production. The lens pick and place robot has successfully helped to automate the process in contact lenses manufacturing. The goal of the design have been achieved whereby the robot manage to transfer the lenses from cassette to tray.
Ancient steroids establish the Ediacaran fossilDickinsoniaas one of the earliest animals
Authors: Bobrovskiy Ilya , Hope Janet M. , Ivantsov Andrey , Nettersheim Benjamin J. , Hallmann Christian , Brocks Jochen J. 
Published: September 2018

Confirming the identity of early animalsThe first complex organisms emerged during the Ediacaran period, around 600 million years ago. The taxonomic affiliation of many of these organisms has been difficult to discern. Fossils ofDickinsonia, bilaterally symmetrical oval organisms, have been particularly difficult to classify. Bobrovskiyet al.conducted an analysis using lipid biomarkers obtained fromDickinsoniafossils and found that the fossils contained almost exclusively cholesteroids, a marker found only in animals (see the Perspective by Summons and Erwin). Thus,Dickinsoniawere basal animals. This supports the idea that the Ediacaran biota may have been a precursor to the explosion of animal forms later observed in the Cambrian, about 500 million years ago.Science, this issue p.1246; see also p.1198
Why patients prefer high-level healthcare facilities: a qualitative study using focus groups in rural and urban China
Authors: Liu Yun , Zhong Liwei , Yuan Shasha , van de Klundert Joris 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionDespite policy measure to strengthen and promote primary care, Chinese patients increasingly choose to access higher level hospitals. The resulting overcrowding at higher level hospitals and underutilisation of primary care are viewed to diminish the effects of the continuing health system investments on population health. We explore the factors that influence the choice of healthcare facility level in rural and urban China and aim to reveal the underlying choice processes.MethodsWe conducted eight semistructured focus group discussions among the general population and the chronically ill in a rural area in Chongqing and an urban area in Shanghai. Respondents’ discussions of (evidence-based) factors and how they influenced their facility choices were analysed using qualitative analysis techniques, from which we elicited choice process maps to capture the partial order in which the factors were considered in the choice process.ResultsThe factors considered, after initial illness perception, varied over four stages of health service utilisation: initial visit, diagnosis, treatment and treatment continuation. The factors considered per stage differed considerably between the rural and urban respondents, but less so between the general population and the chronically ill. Moreover, the rural respondents considered the township health centres as default and prefer to continue in primary care, yet access higher levels when necessary. Urban respondents chose higher levels by default and seldom moved down to primary care.ConclusionsDisease severity, medical staff, transportation convenience, equipment and drug availability played important roles when choosing healthcare facilities in China. Strengthening primary care correspondingly may well be effective to increase primary care utilisation by the rural population but insufficient for the urban population. The developed four-stage process maps are general enough to serve as the basis for (partially) ordering factors influencing facility level choices in other contexts.