bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of SWAT Impoundment Modeling Methods in Water and Sediment Simulations
Authors: Jalowska Anna M. , Yuan Yongping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWorldwide studies show 80%–90% of all sediments eroded from watersheds is trapped within river networks such as reservoirs, ponds, and wetlands. To represent the impact of impoundments on sediment routing in watershed modeling, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) developers recommend to model reservoirs, ponds, and wetlands using impoundment tools (ITs). This study evaluates performance of SWAT ITs in the modeling of a small, agricultural watershed dominated by lakes and wetlands. The study demonstrates how to incorporate impoundments into the SWAT model, and discusses and evaluates involved parameters. The study then recommends an appropriate calibration sequence, i.e., landscape parameters calibration, followed by pond/wetlands calibration, then channel parameter calibrations, and lastly, reservoir parameter calibration. Results of this study demonstrate not following SWAT recommendation regarding modeling water land use as an impoundment depreciates SWAT performance, and may lead to misplaced calibration efforts and model over‐calibration. Further, the chosen method to model impoundments’ outflow significantly impacts sediment loads in the watershed, while streamflow simulation is not very sensitive. This study also allowed calculation of mass accumulation rates in modeled impoundments where the annual mass accumulation rate in wetlands (2.3 T/ha/yr) was 39% higher than mass accumulation rate in reservoirs (1.4 T/ha/yr).
Increased formation of neutrophil extracellular traps is associated with gut leakage in patients with type 1 but not type 2 diabetes
Authors: You Qi , He Dong Mei , Shu Guo Fang , Cao Bo , Xia Yong Quan , Xing Yun , Ni Min , Chen Ji Fang , Shi Shu Li , Gu Harvest F. , Liu Yu , Wu Jie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with gut leakage in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsIn all, 105 subjects (56 T1D, 49 T2D) were included in the study. Eight biomarkers of NET formation and gut leakage (ie, protein arginine deiminase type 4 [PAD4], neutrophil elastase [NE], proteinase 3 [PR3], complement 5a [C5a], α1‐antitrypsin [AAT], DNase I, zonulin, and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) were measured in serum samples by ELISA. Neutrophils were isolated and stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate to form NETs in vitro. Neutrophil intracellular contents were then collected and used as antigens to detect anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in the serum.ResultsThere was an increase in NET‐associated proteins (PAD4, NE, PR3, C5a, AAT and DNase I) in new‐onset T1D patients but not in those with T2D. Of PAD4, NE, and PR3, PAD4 was found to be the most sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis of T1D. Furthermore, circulating levels of zonulin and LPS were not only increased, but were also strongly correlated with NET formation and ANCA generation in T1D patients.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that increased formation of NETs, particularly PAD4, is closely associated with gut leakage in T1D but not T2D, and suggests that microorganisms and the release of neutrophil cytoplasmic antigen during the formation of NETs may be involved in the pathogenesis of T1D.
Effect of diabetes mellitus on the recovery of changes in renal functions and glomerular permeability following reversible 24‐hour unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Bakoush Omran , Lubbad Loay , Öberg Carl M. , Hammad Fayez T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundFollowing reversal of short periods of ureteral obstruction (UO), glomerular and tubular renal dysfunction recovers with time. Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects glomerular function; thus, the ability of diabetic kidneys to recover from UO may be impaired. This study investigated the effects of long‐term DM on the recovery of glomerular and tubular function, as well as permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), after unilateral UO (UUO) reversal.MethodsDiabetes mellitus was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal streptozotocin. All diabetic and age‐matched control rats underwent reversible 24‐hour left UUO. The renal function of both kidneys was measured using clearance techniques 3 hours and 7 and 30 days after UUO reversal. Glomerular permeability was assessed by measuring the glomerular sieving coefficients for fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated Ficoll (molecular radius: 20‐90 Å).ResultsUnilateral UO induced transient changes in the size selectivity of GFB small pores. However, the size selectivity function of large pores had not returned to baseline even 30 days after UUO reversal. Diabetes mellitus caused exaggerated early alterations in glomerular hemodynamic and tubular function, as well as size selectivity dysfunction of both small and large pores. At 30 days after UUO reversal, despite glomerular hemodynamic and tubular function and the size selectivity of small pores returning to normal in both diabetic and non‐diabetic rats, the residual size selectivity dysfunction of large pores was more severe in diabetic rats.ConclusionUnilateral UO caused long‐term dysfunction in the size selectivity of large pores of the GFB. In addition, DM significantly exaggerated this dysfunction, indicating a more ominous outcome in diabetic kidneys following UUO.
Serum levels of Krebs von den Lungen‐6 as a promising marker for predicting occurrence and deterioration of systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease from a Chinese cohort
Authors: Cao Xiao‐yu , Hu Sha‐sha , Xu Dong , Li Meng‐tao , Wang Qian , Hou Yong , Zeng Xiao‐feng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimA prospective and longitudinal study to investigate the correlations between Krebs von den Lungen‐6 (KL‐6) serum levels and systemic sclerosis associated with interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD).MethodBlood samples of baseline and the time point at 2 years follow‐up intervals were collected for the measurement of serum KL‐6 levels. The baseline clinical, laboratory characteristics, and incidence density of newly diagnosed ILD during the follow up were compared between SSc patients with elevated serum KL‐6 levels (KL‐6 > 500 U/mL) and those with normal KL‐6 levels (KL‐6 ≤ 500 U/mL) at baseline. Further, we explored the association between serum KL‐6 and deterioration of ILD measured by lung function parameters during follow‐up of 2 years.ResultsPatients with elevated baseline serum KL‐6 had a significant tendency to have disappearance of the finger pad. The incidence density of new‐onset ILD in SSc patients with elevated baseline serum KL‐6 and those with normal baseline serum KL‐6 was 1.33% and 0.51%, respectively. Among the mild lung injury group, the incidence density of ILD deterioration in SSc patients with elevated baseline serum KL‐6 and those with normal serum KL‐6 was 1.2% and 0.74%, respectively.ConclusionSerum KL‐6 level correlates with the clinical manifestations of microvascular injury. Baseline elevated serum KL‐6 may predict deterioration of lung function of SSc‐ILD patients with mild lung injury.
Hospital Observation Upon Reversal (HOUR) With Naloxone: A Prospective Clinical Prediction Rule Validation Study
Authors: Clemency Brian M. , Eggleston William , Shaw Evan W. , Cheung Michael , Pokoj Nicholas S. , Manka Michael A. , Giordano Donald J. , Serafin Laura , Yu Han , Lindstrom Heather A. , Hostler David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveSt. Paul's Early Discharge Rule was derived to determine which patients could be safely discharged from the emergency department after a 1‐hour observation period following naloxone administration for opiate overdose. The rule suggested that patients could be safely discharged if they could mobilize as usual and had a normal oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, temperature, heart rate, and Glasgow Coma Scale score. Validation of the St. Paul's Early Discharge Rule is necessary to ensure that these criteria are appropriate to apply to patients presenting after an unintentional presumed opioid overdose in the context of emerging synthetic opioids and expanded naloxone access.MethodsIn this prospective, observational validation study, emergency medicine providers assessed patients 1 hour after administration of prehospital naloxone. Unlike in the derivation study the threshold for normal oxygen saturation was set at 95% and patients were not immediately discharged after a normal 1‐hour evaluation. Patients were judged to have a normal 1‐hour evaluation if all six criteria of the rule were met. Patients were judged to have an adverse event (AE) if they had one or more of the preestablished AEs.ResultsA total of 538 patients received at least one administration of prehospital naloxone, were transported to the study hospital, and had a 1‐hour evaluation performed by a provider. AEs occurred in 82 (15.4%) patients. The rule exhibited a sensitivity of 84.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 76.2%–92.1%), a specificity of 62.1% (95% CI = 57.6%–66.5%), and a negative predictive value of 95.6% (95% CI = 93.3%–97.9%). Only one patient with a normal 1‐hour evaluation subsequently received additional naloxone following a presumed heroin overdose.ConclusionThis rule may be used to risk stratify patients for early discharge following naloxone administration for suspected opioid overdose.
Real earnings management around CEO turnovers
Authors: Geertsema Paul G. , Lont David H. , Lu Helen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFollowing CEO turnovers, US firms adjust real business activities to manage earnings downwards (REM bath). This effect is most pronounced in firms with low levels of institutional ownership. REM baths early in CEOs’ tenure can be confounded with legitimate adjustments to business activities. However, we show that they are not accompanied by increases in R&D or capital expenses, nor are they explained by restructuring expenses. CEOs with short tenure record more negative REM measures in their first year of tenure, when compared with CEOs with long tenure.
Comparing two commercial domestic dog (Canis familiaris) STR genotyping kits for forensic identity calculations in a mixed‐breed dog population sample
Authors: Kanthaswamy S. , Oldt R. F. , Montes M. , Falak A. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryAlmost half of all US households own a dog (Canis familiaris). Though these household pets can attack humans and other animals, they are also frequently victims of cruelty, neglect and theft. In human‐oriented investigations, the tendency of domestic dogs to leave behind physical traces (such as hair) can serve as valuable links between crime scenes and suspects/victims. This demonstrated utility of canine biological evidence has created demand for genotyping marker sets for canine forensic genetic testing. Through research and casework, short tandem repeat (STR) panels have been shown to be very efficient for identity and parentage testing in dogs. However, there is an absence of comparative studies between different canine forensic identification kits. The Thermo Fisher Scientific Canine Genotypes ™ Panel 1.1 and 2.1 Kits were originally designed and developed for routine and forensic use respectively, although both kits can be used for either purpose. In this study, we evaluated both STR panels to determine how critical forensic genetic metrics are affected by panel‐to‐panel variation in marker composition and design. Our results show that although STR panel composition can influence estimates such as inbreeding, combined power of discrimination and combined probability of exclusion, greater average allele number values exhibited across all markers in Panel 2.1 facilitated significantly more precise estimates of random match probability (RMP) and combined probability of identity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a theta (θ) correction of 0.09 can be used to conservatively adjust RMPs generated from a small reference database of fewer than 50 samples, confirming that Panel 2.1 is a more robust forensic genotyping system than is Panel 1.1. for domestic dogs. We also demonstrate that opportunistic local sampling of fewer than 50 mixed‐breed dogs can produce sufficient discriminatory and exclusionary power with either genotyping kit.
Protecting the Passport: Defending US Borders Built in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Sanchez Shaundel 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTMuslim American women who live or have lived in the United Arab Emirates (re)produce figurative US border walls by self‐ and group‐policing choices in marriage partners. The research presented in this article concentrates on a group of Muslim women who came together through the Tablighi Jama'at (Preaching Party), their relationship with Sharjah royal family members, and their shared history of living in a neighborhood built for them in the UAE. Since 9/11, a shift has occurred in how these Muslims choose marriage partners. Before, a potential partner's religiosity was paramount; since 9/11, however, the power of a potential husband's passport (i.e., how easily he can travel visa‐free) has taken precedence. This change, I argue, can be traced to restrictions imposed by the US “War on Terror.” After 9/11, Muslims became disproportionately surveilled and stereotyped. The women I study have internalized post‐9/11 security regime practices and prevent certain non‐US persons from getting citizenship through marriage. By discriminating against men without “powerful” passports, these women seamlessly perform their national, religious, and gendered identities. [marriage, (im)mobility, citizenship, Muslim Americans, United Arab Emirates]
Post‐marketing dosing changes in the label of biologicals
Authors: Minnema Lotte A. , Giezen Thijs J. , Gardarsdottir Helga , Egberts Toine C. G. , Leufkens Hubert G. M. , Mantel‐Teeuwisse Aukje K. 
Published: December 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate post‐marketing label changes in dosing information of biologicals.MethodsBiologicals authorized between 2007 and 2014 by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) were included and followed up from marketing authorization until 31 December 2016 or date of withdrawal of the marketing authorization. The primary outcome of the study was defined as label change in dosing information for the initially approved indication. Incidence of changes, type of change and mean time to change were assessed. As a secondary outcome, label changes in dosing information for extended indications were assessed.ResultsA total of 71 biologicals were included. Dosing information in the label changed for the initial indication during follow‐up for eight products (11%). In one of the eight products the change concerned an increase in dose. Also, a change in dosing frequency was identified in three products, for one product a recommendation was added that therapy could be initiated with or without a loading dose, and for one product the minimum dose was removed and a maximum dose was added. For the remaining product the dose was decreased due to safety issues. For 30 products (42%) the indication was extended at least once. No changes in dosing information were observed for the extended indications (n = 59) during follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study showed that in 11% of the biologicals, the dosing for the initial indication in the label was changed. In contrast to small molecules, the dose was rarely reduced for safety reasons.
Women‐centered care: Implementation of CenteringPregnancy® in The Netherlands
Authors: Rijnders Marlies , Jans Suze , Aalhuizen Inger , Detmar Symone , Crone Matty 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionIn response to a relatively high perinatal mortality rate in The Netherlands, the Dutch Health Ministry recommended changes to maternity care, opening a pathway toward more integrated woman‐centered services. Because of its potential to positively influence risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, CenteringPregnancy (CP) group prenatal care was implemented.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study (n = 2318) and survey on women's experiences (n = 222) in eight primary care midwifery practices to investigate outcome differences between CP and traditional individual prenatal care. Data from the period 2011‐2013 were analyzed.ResultsPrimiparous and multiparous CP women attended more prenatal care visits compared with women who received individual care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.23 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18‐1.29] and 1.29 [1.21‐1.36]). Fewer primiparous CP women used pain relief during labor (0.56 [0.43‐0.73]), and they initiated breastfeeding more often (1.74 [1.15‐2.62]). Women participating in CP were more likely to feel that their wishes with respect to medication use (69.1% vs 54.4%, P = 0.039), physical activities (72.8% vs 52.5%, P = 0.008), and relaxation exercises (67.9% vs 35.6%, P ≤ 0.001) were listened to by care providers. They also felt more supported to actively participate in their care (89.6% vs 68.5%, P = 0.001) and felt more able to voice opinions about care (92.7% vs 73.9%, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThe CP model is a good approach aligning with Dutch policy calling for women‐centered care and responding to the needs of pregnant women. This study supports CP scale‐up in The Netherlands and adds to the pool of international knowledge about CP implementation.
Transfusion strategies for major haemorrhage in trauma
Authors: Curry Nicola S. , Davenport Ross 
Published: December 2018

SummaryTrauma is a leading cause of death worldwide in persons under 44 years of age, and uncontrolled haemorrhage is the most common preventable cause of death in this patient group. The transfusion management of trauma haemorrhage is unrecognisable from 20 years ago. Changes in clinical practice have been driven primarily by an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of trauma‐induced coagulopathy (TIC), which is associated with poor clinical outcomes, including a 3‐ to 4‐fold increased risk of death. Targeting this coagulopathy alongside changes to surgical and anaesthetic practices (an overarching strategy known as damage control surgery/damage control resuscitation) has led to a significant reduction in mortality rates over the last two decades. This narrative review will discuss the transfusion practices that are currently used for trauma haemorrhage and the evidence that supports these practices.
Ten‐year single‐centre experience in fertility preservation of 459 patients suffering from acute leukaemia
Authors: Noetzli Jasmine , Voruz Sophie , Wunder Dorothea , Primi Marie‐Pierre , Spertini Olivier , Blum Sabine 
Published: December 2018

SummaryAcute leukaemia is a life‐threatening disease that needs treatment without delay. Fertility preservation is recommended, but often not possible because of the necessity to start treatment as soon as possible. The present study is a retrospective single‐centre analysis of 459 patients diagnosed with acute leukaemia between 2002 and 2012. Sperm or oocyte preservation was successfully performed in only 29 (6%) patients. Of the 150 children, no paediatric patient sample was taken. The collected samples enabled the conception of 2 children by in vitro fertilisation; in addition, 3 spontaneous, non‐assisted births in partners of male patients were observed. Fertility preservation is important but difficult to accomplish in patients with acute leukaemia; more efforts are clearly needed to preserve fertility in long‐term survivors of acute leukaemia.
Haemophilia and ageing
Authors: Shapiro Susan , Makris Mike 
Published: December 2018

SummaryAdvances in the development of effective and safe treatments for haemophilia over the last 50 years have resulted in a significant increase in the life expectancy of persons with haemophilia (PWH). The management of this new cohort of middle‐aged and elderly PWH is challenging because of the opposing risks of haemophilia and age‐related cardiovascular disease and malignancy. Furthermore, this cohort of ageing PWH has the additional comorbidities of human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C and chronic haemophilic arthropathy. This article reviews the prevalence, underlying mechanisms and treatment strategies for managing these comorbidities. International collaboration is essential for registry data and further prospective trials to inform optimal evidence‐based management for this rare disorder in the future.
Biologics and immunoglobulins in the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum – analysis of 52 patients
Authors: Herberger Katharina , Dissemond Joachim , Brüggestrat Sarah , Sorbe Christina , Augustin Matthias 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackground and objectivesCorticosteroids and cyclosporine A are frequently ineffective as first‐line therapies in the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) and associated with a number of adverse effects. The objective of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of biologics and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs).Patients and methodsRetrospective, dual‐center cohort study analyzing the treatment outcome in patients with PG who received biologics and IVIGs.ResultsFifty‐two patients (mean age: 58.4 years) with 75 wound episodes (mean wound size: 53.2 cm²) were included in the study. Overall, 92.3 % of patients initially received corticosteroids (CSs; 48/52); 51.9 % cyclosporine A (CSA; 27/52). In 275 therapeutic attempts, complete remission or improvement were achieved in 63.6 % (21/33) of patients on infliximab; 57.1 % (16/28) on adalimumab; 71.4 % (5/7) on etanercept; 66.6 % (6/9) on ustekinumab and 66.7 % (10/15) of patients who were given IVIGs. That figure was 48.8 % (38/78) for those treated with CSs and 20.0 % (7/35) for individuals on CSA. On average, adverse events occurred in 18.5 % (15/81) of cases treated with biologics in 20 % (3/15) of patients receiving IVIGs, in 40 % (14/35) of individuals on CSA and in 10.4 % of those treated with CSs (5/48).ConclusionsThe present retrospective analysis suggests that both biologics – especially TNFα antagonists – and IVIGs are well‐tolerated and safe options in the treatment of PG. Data from prospective comparative studies would be highly desirable.