bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological signs of the intravital contraction (retraction) of thrombotic emboli
Authors: Khismatullin R R , Shakirova A Z , Peshkova A D , Litvinov R I 
Published: February 2018

Цель. Установить, происходит ли in vivo контракция (ретракция) тромбов и тромботических эмболов, используя структурные признаки сжатия сгустков крови: компрессионную деформацию эритроцитов и перераспределение фибрина на поверхности сгустка.
Методы. Исследовали 3 посмертных лёгочных тромботических эмбола методами сканирующей электронной микроскопии и световой микроскопии после окраски срезов гематоксилином-эозином и по методу Маллори.
Результаты. В составе 2 исследованных лёгочных эмболов, извлечённых через 7 и 15 ч после смерти пациентов, обнаружены эритроциты в форме многогранника, или полиэдра («полиэдроциты»), которые образуются в результате механической деформации под действием контрактильных сил, генерируемых активированными тромбоцитами. Кроме того, выявлено неравномерное распределение фибрина внутри эмбола, проявляющееся вытеснением фибрина к периферии, что характерно для контрактированного сгустка крови. В 1, наиболее «старом» эмболе, извлечённом через 38 ч после смерти пациента, указанные признаки контракции отсутствовали, что связано либо с посмертным аутолизом, либо с патологическим нарушением контракции при жизни.
Вывод. Тромботические эмболы ex vivo имеют морфологические признаки контракции, свидетельствующие о прижизненном сжатии первичных тромбов и/или тромботических эмболов, что может быть важным патогенетическим механизмом восстановления нарушенного кровотока в очаге тромботической окклюзии сосуда; наличие или отсутствие компрессированных эритроцитов внутри и преимущественное расположение фибрина по периферии тромба или эмбола потенциально могут служить дополнительными патоморфологическими критериями давности наступления смерти.
Inter-regional differences in the rate and structure of the causes of primary disability among the population of rural areas of Azerbaijan
Authors: Sadykhzade L N , Agaeva K F 
Published: February 2018

Цель. Оценка различий уровня первичной инвалидности населения сельских районов Азербайджана за 2014 г., а также структуры её причин.
Методы. Исследования проведены в пяти административных районах республиканского подчинения в Азербайджане (Абшерон, Шеки, Гах, Исмаиллы, Агдаш). Выбор этих районов обусловлен тем, что они Министерством здравоохранения Азербайджанской Республики были включены в группы пилотных районов для апробации стратегии реформирования сельского здравоохранения. Статистическая обработка проведена методом анализа качественных признаков, определяли среднюю ошибку и 95% доверительный интервал показателей (при t=1,96). Корреляционную связь между показателями районов изучали методами Пирсона и Спирмена. Межрайонное различие показателей оценивали критерием χ2 с применением поправки Йейтса.
Результаты. Изучен уровень первичной инвалидности (на 10 тыс. населения). Максимальный и минимальный уровень первичной инвалидности детей отмечен соответственно в Исмаиллинском и Гахском районах (74,5±6,2 и 28,5±5,1 в расчёте на 10 тыс. детей до 14 лет). По сравнении с Гахским районом статистически значимо высокий уровень (р ≤0,05) первичной инвалидности детей до 14 лет был зарегистрирован в Шекинском, Исмаиллинском и Агдашском районах. Применение корреляционного анализа методом Пирсона позволило выявить статистически значимую связь только между уровнем первичной инвалидности взрослого населения и показателем обеспеченности населения врачами (r=0,96; t=5,9), а также уровнем младенческой смертности (r=0,86; t=2,9).
Вывод. Межрайонное различие более выражено по уровню первичной инвалидности как среди детского, так и среди взрослого населения при сходности структуры нозологических причин инвалидности; уровень первичной инвалидности взрослого населения имеет статистически значимую связь с показателями социально-экономической характеристики районов.
Wheat response to a wide range of temperatures, as determined from the Hot Serial Cereal (HSC) Experiment
Authors: Kimball Bruce A. , White Jeffrey W. , Wall Gerard W. , Ottman Michael J. , Martre Pierre 
Published: February 2018

Temperatures are warming on a global scale, a phenomenon that likely will affect future crop productivity. Crop growth models are useful tools to predict the likely effects of these global changes on agricultural productivity and to develop strategies to maximize the benefits and minimize the detriments of such changes. However, few such models have been tested at the higher temperatures expected in the future. Therefore, a â€œHot Serial Cerealâ€ experiment was conducted on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the worldâ€™s foremost food and feed crop, in order to obtain a dataset appropriate for testing the high temperature performance of wheat growth models. The wheat (Cereal) was planted serially (Serial) about every six weeks for over two years at Maricopa, Arizona, USA, which experiences the whole range of temperatures at which plants grow on Earth. In addition, on six planting dates infrared heaters in a T-FACE (temperature free-air controlled enhancement) system (Hot) were deployed over one-third of the plots to warm the wheat by additional target 1.5Â°C during daytime and 3.0Â°C at night. Achieved average degrees of warming were 1.3 and 2.7Â°C for day and night. Overall, a dataset covering 27 differently treated wheat crops with three replicates each was obtained covering an air temperature range from -2 to 42Â°C. Herein, the management, soils, weather, physiology, phenology, growth, yield, quality, and other data are presented. Data access via doi 10.7910/DVN/AEFLHB.
Association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and severity of coronary artery disease
Authors: H. R. Jagadish , M. Divyaprakash , R. Manjunath , P. G. Girish 
Published: February 2018

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is systemic inflammatory marker that is correlated with poor cardiovascular outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and severity of coronary atherosclerosis.Methods: A total of 324 patients undergoing coronary angiography were included in the study. All the patients were included in study were divided into two groups based on the result of coronary angiography report. While 226 patients had abnormal coronary angiography (case) (78 female, mean age: 60.6±12.6 years), 98 patients had normal coronary angiography (control) (60 female, mean age: 57.2±10.9 years). NLR was calculated as the ratio of neutrophil count to lymphocyte count.Results: Although age distribution was similar between the two groups(p = 0.073), female gender was significantly higher in the normal coronary angiography group (p < 0.001). Smoking history has shown a significant higher in cases compared to the normal coronary angiography (p=0.001). Patients with abnormal coronary angiography had significantly higher NLR when compared to patients with normal coronary angiography (p<0.001). NLR was significantly correlated with Gensini score. In logistic regression analyses, NLR was an independent predictor of CAD. An NLR of 2.34 or higher predicted the CAD with a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 70%.Conclusions: There is significant association between severity of coronary artery disease and neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio. This study suggests that the NLR is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease that may be useful for cardiac risk stratification in patients with coronary artery disease.
An Examination of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: Comparing Marital and Nonmarital Incidents Employing NIBRS Data, 2008–2012
Authors: Krienert Jessie L. , Walsh Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2018

Marital rape first appeared in a peer-reviewed publication in 1977 (Gelles, 1977), was first prosecuted as a crime in 1978, but took another two decades to be recognized as a crime across the United States. Marital rape is an underreported social problem occurring twice as frequently as media-saturated stranger rape (Russell, 1990). The present study draws on 5 years of National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data (2008–2012) to provide baseline information on reported male-to-female marital sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to nonmarital sexual IPV. Findings reveal, in part, that husbands as perpetrators, and wives as victims, are significantly older than non-married sexual IPV offenders and victims. Married offenders are more likely to be White, and dating offenders Black. Injuries are significantly more likely if the victim and offender are married, with marital sexual IPV cases more likely to include sexual penetration, including higher incidence of rape, sodomy, and sexual assault with an object.
Strategies to Contain Cost Associated with Orthopaedic Care
Authors: Sabesan Vani J. , Petersen-Fitts Graysen R. , Ramthun Kyle W. , Brand Jordan P. , Stine Sasha A. , Whaley James D. 
Published: February 2018

* Orthopaedic surgery maintains a large portion of the total health-care spending in the United States. In the near future, a greater importance will be placed on efforts to curtail health-care spending and on providing cost-effective care.* The literature has established that there are substantial treatment and cost variations that occur among orthopaedic surgeons and hospitals. This article will highlight the importance and urgency of rising health-care costs and review specific cost-containment strategies for orthopaedic care.* Strategies on which we have focused include collaboration with vendors, value analysis teams, operating room efficiency, bundled payments, and gainsharing.* An analysis of these strategies will inform orthopaedic surgeons about concrete policies that can be adopted and provide practical solutions to reduce health-care spending while still ensuring high-quality care.
A Modified HLD-NAC Equation of State To Predict Alkali/Surfactant/Oil/Brine Phase Behavior
Authors: Ghosh Soumyadeep , Johns Russell T. 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Reservoir crudes often contain acidic components (primarily naphthenic acids), which undergo neutralization to form soaps in the presence of alkali. The generated soaps perform synergistically with injected synthetic surfactants to mobilize waterflood residual oil in what is termed alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding. The two main advantages of using alkali in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are to lower cost by injecting a lesser amount of expensive synthetic surfactant and to reduce adsorption of the surfactant on the mineral surfaces. The addition of alkali, however, complicates the measurement and prediction of the microemulsion phase behavior that forms with acidic crudes. For a robust chemical-flood design, a comprehensive understanding of the microemulsion phase behavior in such processes is critical. Chemical-flooding simulators currently use Hand's method to fit a limited amount of measured data, but that approach likely does not adequately predict the phase behavior outside the range of the measured data. In this paper, we present a novel and practical alternative.
In this paper, we extend a dimensionless equation of state (EOS) (Ghosh and Johns 2016b) to model ASP phase behavior for potential use in reservoir simulators. We use an empirical equation to calculate the acid-distribution coefficient from the molecular structure of the soap. Key phase-behavior parameters such as optimum salinities and optimum solubilization ratios are calculated from soap-mole-fraction-weighted equations. The model is tuned to data from phase-behavior experiments with real crudes to demonstrate the procedure. We also examine the ability of the new model to predict fish plots and activity charts that show the evolution of the three-phase region. The predictions of the model are in good agreement with measured data.
Level-Control Simplicity
Authors: Jacobs C. E. 
Published: February 2018

E&P Exchange
Amoco Production Co. has been using a control method that simplifies liquid dumping, from conventional low-pressure (&lt; 50-psig) separators. This method should work on any low-pressure separator that has flex-tube-type level controls, a backpressure valve, and a dump valve. The cost of the modification is minimal, and several pieces of equipment that can be costly to repair are removed. The whole Idea is to operate vessels at the lowest possible pressure to reduce backpressure on the formation and to simplify operations.
Typical separators have a backpressure valve mounted on the gas outlet, causing the vessel to operate at some preset pressure above the gas-gathering-system pressure. Most systems work between 10 and 20 psig above the gas-gathering-line pressure, so the separator can dump its liquid quickly. Fig. 1 shows this type of operation and the modified operations. The modification allows you to use existing equipment by changing a few parts out and eliminating the dump valve. The existing parts that are used in the modification are the backpressure valve and flex-tube-type level control. The top works are removed from the backpressure valve, and a new cap is installed to convert the valve to a normally open control valve that closes based on the gas pressure sent from the flex-tube-type level controller. When the control valve closes, the pressure increases enough to push the fluid to the storage tank or settling system. Then it opens up again, depressurizing the vessel to gas-gathering-line pressure until it needs to dump again. Simple calculations need to be made to ensure that the gas-gathering-system pressure does not exceed the pressure required to push the liquid to the individual tank. The system tanks were 32 ft tall and required 14.5 psig of pressure to overcome the head of the liquid in the tank. The gas-gathering-system pressure is 12 psig, so the system would work and liquid would not be pushed to the tank continuously.
Kinetics of Hydrocarbon Induced Visual Green Color Loss on a Bermudagrass Green
Authors: Berndt William L. , Riger Jonathon W. , Riger Charles W. 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Kinetics models are essential to understanding complex dynamic processes.The kinetics of visual green color loss in turfgrass shoots is poorly understood.Kinetics of visual green color loss in turfgrass shoots in response to treatment with hydrocarbons was investigated.Rate and reaction order of visual green color loss in response to treatment with hydrocarbons were determined.Determining rate of and reaction order for visual green color loss increased understanding of color loss dynamics.
Hydrocarbon machine fluids (MF) injure turf, inducing visual green color loss (VGCL) with onset of shoot necrosis. The dynamics of MF‐induced VGCL are unknown, having never been described. This research was conducted to increase understanding of color loss dynamics by investigating the kinetics of MF‐induced VGCL on a hybrid bermudagrass green (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. var. dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy). The effect six different MF had on changes in hue angle (θ) of shoots with time (t) was explained using digital image analysis (DIA) and curve fitting. Treating shoots with MF decreased mean θ from 88° at day zero to 33° at 12 d, as shoot color changed from green to brown. Fitting an exponential decay model of the form θ = θ0 + a0e‐kt to dθ/dt data revealed the rate of VGCL (−k) ranged from −4.45 d−1 (motor oil) to −0.16 d−1 (vegetable hydraulic oil) varying with MF (p < 0.01). Curve fitting also revealed dθ/dt was a first order reaction; plots of ln(θ − θ0) vs. t were linear (R2 = 1.0) for all six MF, while plots of zero order, half order, and second order reactions were not. Determining the rate of MF‐induced VGCL and its reaction order increased understanding of color loss dynamics by giving mathematical meaning to the processes. This was a step forward in understanding turfgrass injury behavior. The approach used for examining VGCL dynamics was inexpensive and nondestructive, and may be useful for other researchers studying plant color dynamics.
Investigating wastewater flow from a gated community to disaggregate indoor and outdoor water use
Authors: Du Plessis J. L. , Faasen B. , Jacobs H. E. , Knox A. J. , Loubser C. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Disaggregating residential water use into components for indoor and outdoor use is useful in view of water services planning and demand management campaigns, where outdoor use is often the target of water restrictions. Previous research has shown that individual end-use events can be identified based on analysis of the flow pattern at the water meter, but such studies are relatively complex and expensive. A basic method to disaggregate the indoor–outdoor water use would be useful. In addressing this problem, a technique was employed in this study to disaggregate indoor–outdoor water use based on knowledge of the wastewater flow, with assumptions that link indoor use to wastewater flow. A controlled study site in a gated community, with small bore sewers, was selected to allow certain assumptions to be validated. The results provide insight into the monthly indoor and outdoor water use of homes in the study area, and show how wastewater flow could be used to assess outdoor use. Outdoor use was found to represent up to 66% of the total household water use in January, accounting for ∼58% of the total annual water use in the study area 2016.
Simplified and Accurate Stiffness of a Prismatic Anisotropic Thin-Walled Box
Authors: Canale Giacomo , Rubino Felice , Weaver Paul M. , Citarella Roberto , Maligno Angelo 
Published: February 2018

Background:Beam models have been proven effective in the preliminary analysis and design of aerospace structures. Accurate cross sectional stiffness constants are however needed, especially when dealing with bending, torsion and bend-twist coupling deformations. Several models have been proposed in the literature, even recently, but a lack of precision may be found when dealing with a high level of anisotropy and different lay-ups.Objective:A simplified analytical model is proposed to evaluate bending and torsional stiffness of a prismatic, anisotropic, thin-walled box. The proposed model is an extension of the model proposed by Lemanski and Weaver for the evaluation of the bend-twist coupling constant.Methods:Bending and torsional stiffness are derived analytically by using physical reasoning and by applying bending and torsional stiffness mathematic definition. Unitary deformations have been applied when evaluation forces and moments arising on the cross section.Results:Good accuracy has been obtained for structures with different geometries and lay-ups. The model has been validated with respect to finite element analysis. Numerical results are commented upon and compared with other models presented in literature.Conclusion:For cross sections with a high level of anisotropy, the accuracy of the proposed formulation is within 2% for bending stiffness and 6% for torsional stiffness. The percentage of error is further reduced for more realistic geometries and lay-ups.The proposed formulation gives accurate results for different dimensions and length rations of horizontal and vertical walls.
Aplicabilidad del modelo ASSURE en la didáctica de lenguas
Authors: Buitrago Hilda 
Published: February 2018

El presente trabajo examina los lineamientos del Ministerio de Educación Nacional respecto a la enseñanza de una segunda lengua, sus objetivos, alcance y requerimientos didácticos y tecnológicos para alcanzar las metas de aprendizaje propuestas. Posteriormente, describe los pasos del modelo de diseño instruccional ASSURE y explica las razones por las cuales este tipo de diseño permite la puesta en práctica de algunos de los principales postulados teóricos en los que se basa la didáctica de los idiomas extranjeros y el uso efectivo de las TIC para fomentar la participación del estudiante en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se recomiendan estudios adicionales que permitan determinar con mayor precisión la eficacia del Modelo Instruccional ASSURE en las modalidades e-learning y blended learning.Palabras claves: Educación virtual, diseño instruccional, TIC, didáctica de lenguas. AbstractThis paper examines the standards issued by the Colombian Ministry of Education regarding second language teaching, its objectives, scope and teaching, and technological requirements in order to achieve learning goals. It later describes the steps of the ASSURE instructional design model and explains the reasons why this type of design allows for the implementation of some of the main theoretical postulates about foreign language teaching and effective ICT use that encourage student participation in the intended teaching-learning processes. Further research is recommended to more accurately measure the effectiveness of the ASSURE instructional model in the e-learning and blended learning modalities for teaching a second language, in order to determine the extent to which the face-to-face sessions are necessary and how they can be enriched through the use of ICT.Keywords: E-learning, instructional design, ICT, language teaching.
Atenção à Saúde Bucal de adolescentes em privação de liberdade do estado do Paraná
Authors: Secco Andressa , Ferreira Marceli Dias , Bordin Danielle , Martins Alessandra De Souza , Fadel Cristina Berger 
Published: February 2018

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar a atenção à saúde bucal de adolescentes privados de liberdade nos Centros de Socioeducação (Cense) do Paraná através da abordagem quantiqualitativa. A coleta dos dados quantitativos foi baseada em um questionário estruturado com 25 questões encaminhado para todos os 19 Cense do estado. A etapa qualitativa contou com 4 questões abertas, direcionadas apenas aos Cense com cirurgiões-dentistas em seu quadro profissional(n=10).Os resultados demonstraram que, apesar dos adolescentes adentrarem às instituições necessitando de atendimento odontológico, dificultadores inviabilizam a prática do trabalho, como a insuficiência de equipamentos, insumos, recursos humanos e infraestrutura. Conclui-se que há necessidade de incluir as demandas odontológicas na rotina organizativa dos órgãos gestores destas instituições socioeducativas assim como, articular a rede de atenção em saúde bucal dos municípios por meio do Plano Operativo Estadual (POE).
Teoria samokontroli/biegu życia autorstwa T.C. Pratta – propozycja rozwinięcia ewolucyjnego
Authors: Florek Stefan , Piotrowski Przemysław 
Published: February 2018

W artykule dokonano prezentacji teorii samokontroli/biegu życia autorstwa T.C. Pratta. Przedstawiono jej zalety, jako syntezy dwóch ważnych nurtów teoretycznych w kryminologii. Wskazano również na istotne deficyty tej teorii. Przede wszystkim jednak zaprezentowano argumentację na rzecz tezy, że propozycja Pratta może być uzupełniona i rozwinięta w ramach podejścia ewolucyjnego. Autorzy przedstawili pewne szczegółowe propozycje w tym zakresie oraz wskazali na potencjalne kierunki i kluczowe założenia projektu dalszego wyjaśniania związków między poziomem samokontroli a biegiem życia jednostki w ujęciu ewolucyjnym.