bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of lycopene supplementation on cardiovascular parameters and markers of inflammation and oxidation in patients with coronary vascular disease
Authors: Petyaev Ivan M. , Dovgalevsky Pavel Y. , Klochkov Victor A. , Chalyk Natalya E. , Pristensky Dmitry V. , Chernyshova Marina P. , Udumyan Ruzan , Kocharyan Taron , Kyle Nigel H. , Lozbiakova Marina V. , Bashmakov Yuriy K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOxidative stress and antioxidant deficiency play a pivotal role in initiation, development, and outcomes of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacokinetic parameters as well as the impact of highly bioavailable lycopene on cardiovascular variables, markers of inflammation and oxidation were investigated during a 30‐day clinical trial in patients with coronary vascular disease. The patients were randomized into two major groups and were supplemented with a single 7 mg daily dose of lycopene ingested either in the form of lactolycopene (68 patients) or in the form of lycosome‐formulated GA lycopene (74 patients). The endpoints included cardiovascular function parameters, serum lipids, and four markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Ingestion of lycosome‐formulated lycopene increased serum lycopene levels by 2.9‐ and 4.3‐fold, respectively, after 2 and 4 weeks of the trial, whereas supplementation with lactolycopene upregulated serum lycopene by half‐fold only after 4 weeks of ingestion. Lycosome formulation of lycopene resulted by the end of the trial in a threefold reduction in Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG and reduction to the same degree of the inflammatory oxidative damage marker. The decrease in oxidized LDL caused by lycosome‐formulated lycopene was fivefold. Moreover, supplementation with lycosome‐formulated lycopene was accompanied by a significant increase in tissue oxygenation and flow‐mediated dilation by the end of the observational period. In contrast, lactolycopene did not cause any significant changes in the parameters studied. Therefore, enhanced bioavailability of lycopene promotes its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory functions and endorses a positive effect of lycopene on cardiovascular system.
Evaluation of physical properties of rice used in traditional Kyrgyz Cuisine
Authors: Nádvorníková Martina , Banout Jan , Herák David , Verner Vladimír 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEight staple rice cultivars consumed in Kyrgyzstan were evaluated for physical properties in this study. The dimensions of investigated grains correspond to 5.29–6.99 mm for length, 2.52–3.10 mm for width, and 1.88–2.13 for thickness. Equivalent diameter was in range of 3.14 – 3.47 mm, surface area took 25.35–31.90 mm². The sphericity analysis values varied from 0.480 to 0.559, aspect ratio from 0.39 to 0.55, volume of the grain was measured in range from 16.25 to 22.02 mm3, bulk density values were 0.77–0.87 g/cm3, and solid density from 1.17 to 1.41 g/cm3. The porosity of grain was equal to 28.27–39.83%, thousand kernel weight correspond to 19.67 to 27.15 g, rupture force of grain was measured in range of 63.47–155.50 N, color characteristic varied in parameters L*, a* and b*, 37.58–72.19, –0.22–10.17, and 9.65–21.12, respectively. Optimum cooking time ranged from 19.33 to 33.00 min. The water uptake ratios for 30 min of soaking were 1.21–1.28, 1.18–1.45, and 1.14–1.57 for 30, 45, and 60°C, respectively. While the water uptake ratios for 60 min of soaking were 1.22–1.42, 1.19–1.54, and 1.25–1.75 for 30, 45, and 60°C, respectively. Optimal cooking time showed that imported varieties needed lower interval for full grain cooking compared to the local Kyrgyz varieties. It was found that Kyrgyz rice varieties staying more firm after cooking as compared to imported varieties and therefore more suitable for the local traditional dish such as plov.
Sequencing Newborns:A Call for Nuanced Use of Genomic Technologies
Authors: Johnston Josephine , Lantos John D. , Goldenberg Aaron , Chen Flavia , Parens Erik , Koenig Barbara A. ,   members of the NSIGHT Ethics and Policy Advisory Board
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany scientists and doctors hope that affordable genome sequencing will lead to more personalized medical care and improve public health in ways that will benefit children, families, and society more broadly. One hope in particular is that all newborns could be sequenced at birth, thereby setting the stage for a lifetime of medical care and self‐directed preventive actions tailored to each child's genome. Indeed, commentators often suggest that universal genome sequencing is inevitable. Such optimism can come with the presumption that discussing the potential limits, cost, and downsides of widespread application of genomic technologies is pointless, excessively pessimistic, or overly cautious. We disagree. Given the pragmatic challenges associated with determining what sequencing data mean for the health of individuals, the economic costs associated with interpreting and acting on such data, and the psychosocial costs of predicting one's own or one's child's future life plans based on uncertain testing results, we think this hope and optimism deserve to be tempered.In the analysis that follows, we distinguish between two reasons for using sequencing: to diagnose individual infants who have been identified as sick and to screen populations of infants who appear to be healthy. We also distinguish among three contexts in which sequencing for either diagnosis or screening could be deployed: in clinical medicine, in public health programs, and as a direct‐to‐consumer service. Each of these contexts comes with different professional norms, policy considerations, and public expectations. Finally, we distinguish between two main types of genome sequencing: targeted sequencing, where only specific genes are sequenced or analyzed, and whole‐exome or whole‐genome sequencing, where all the DNA or all the coding segments of all genes are sequenced and analyzed.In a symptomatic newborn, targeted or genome‐wide sequencing can help guide other tests for diagnosis or for specific treatment that is urgently needed. Clinicians use the infant's symptoms (or phenotype) to interrogate the sequencing data. These same complexities and uncertainties, however, limit the usefulness of genome‐wide sequencing as a population screening tool. While we recognize considerable benefit in using targeted sequencing to screen for or detect specific conditions that meet the criteria for inclusion in newborn screening panels, use of genome‐wide sequencing as a sole screening tool for newborns is at best premature. We conclude that sequencing technology can be beneficially used in newborns when that use is nuanced and attentive to context.
Sirtuin6 inhibits c‐triggered inflammation through TLR4 abrogation regulated by ROS and TRPV1/CGRP
Authors: Zhang Ruohua , Li Hongmin , Guo Qin , Zhang Lulu , Zhu Jie , Ji Jin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPropionibacterium acnes induces inﬂammatory and plays a vital role in the formation of comedones through activation of inﬂammatory cells, keratinocytes, and sebocytes. Sirtuin6 (SIRT6), along with ADP‐ribosyltransferase and deacetylase, has been proposed to mediate various biological functions, including inflammation. Nevertheless, no strong experimental evidence has been provided to support the effect of SIRT6 in treatment of inﬂammatory situation. Therefore, this study addressed the inhibitory effect of SIRT6 against P. acnes–triggered inflammation in human keratinocytes and monocyte cell lines. In our study, proinflammation capacity of P. acnes was confirmed by increased levels of various inflammatory modulators, such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, interferon‐γ, and tumor necrosis facto‐α, both in vivo and in vitro. P. acnes stimulation also decreased SIRT6 expression, whereas, SIRT6 overexpression successfully suppressed the production of these cytokines in P. acnes–infected cells, and therefore controlled inflammation. Furthermore, we found that challenge of P. acnes stimulated the expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) in both cell lines. Nevertheless, SIRT6 overexpression attenuated the expression of TLR4 and consequently inhibited the P. acnes–triggered phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) subunit, p65. Moreover, deactivation of TLR4 signaling pathway by SIRT6 overexpression resulted in significant downregulation of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) pathway, cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB)/calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) signaling, and NF‐κB–regulated production of reactive oxygen species. These results indicate that SIRT6 serves as a potential therapeutic target to alleviate acne inflammation.
miR‐129 targets CDK1 and iASPP to modulate Burkitt lymphoma cell proliferation in a TAp63‐dependent manner
Authors: Zou Hui , Zou Runying , Chen Keke , Zhu Chengguang , Tian Xin , You Yalan , He Xiangling 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBurkitt lymphoma is one of the most common lymphatic system cancers with poor outcome in adult patients. p53‐induced apoptosis is a critical signaling for preventing tumor development. Cyclin B/cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) phosphorylates inhibitor of apoptosis stimulating protein of P53 (iASPP) to promote iASPP nucleus localization and its inhibitory effect on p53. However, p53 is frequently mutated in Burkitt lymphoma, which gains novel oncogenic properties. Recently, the p53 family member, p63, became an attractive gene for the therapeutic strategies for patients with cancer. Therefore, we investigated the role of iASPP in the transactivation domain p63 (TAp63)‐dependent cell proliferation inhibition in Burkitt lymphoma. We verified that the oncogenic effect of iASPP on Burkitt lymphoma is TAp63 dependent rather than p53 and confirmed that the interaction between CDK1 and iASPP enhanced the inhibitory effect of iASPP on p53 and TAp63. An online tool predicated that miR‐129 might bind to 3′‐untranslated region of iASPP and CDK1. We revealed that miR‐129 acted as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inhibiting CDK1 and iASPP via direct binding. An miR‐129 inhibitor increased nucleus iASPP and decreased nucleus p53 and TAp63 levels, which could be reversed by the CDK1 knockdown, indicating that miR‐129 might target CDK1 to inhibit iASPP phosphorylation, thus hindering iASPP nucleus localization and its inhibitory effect on p53 and TAp63 protein levels. Taken together, miR‐129 could targetedly inhibit the expression of CDK1 and iASPP. CDK1 knockdown inhibits iASPP S84/S113 phosphorylation, thus blocking iASPP nucleus localization, suppressing the inhibitory effect of iASPP on p53 and TAp63, and restoring TAp63‐induced proliferation inhibition in Burkitt lymphoma cells.
Cobalt nanoparticles mechanically deposited on α‐Al2O3: a competitive catalyst for the production of hydrogen through ethanol steam reforming
Authors: Riani Paola , Garbarino Gabriella , Canepa Fabio , Busca Guido 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCobalt (Co)‐containing materials are promising catalysts for Ethanol Steam Reforming (ESR) allowing renewable hydrogen production. Usually, complex catalysts are used where Co, produced by impregnation or coprecipitation, is supported on oxide or carbon‐based materials. Here Co nanoparticles (CoNPs) mechanically mixed with α‐Al2O3are prepared and tested for ESR.RESULTSCoNPs mechanically mixed with α‐Al2O3are very active catalysts in ESR at 773 K, even when retaining amorphous structure for Co. After annealing at 773 K, CoNPs crystallize into a cubic structure. These materials are even more active in ESR at 773 K with hydrogen yields ≈70% and nearly stable performances after 8 h on‐stream. Hydrogen yield is limited by the formation of some CH4, probably as a result of acetaldehyde formation and successive decomposition. Two kinds of Co particles are found in the used but still active catalysts: the former ones interacting with alumina and embedded in graphitic carbon, that are probably the most active components, whereas the latter are ‘isolated’ and partly aggregated CoNPs embedded in carbon nanotubes, which are probably less active in ESR.CONCLUSIONSMechanical mixing of CoNPs with α‐Al2O3produced active and stable catalysts for ESR. The ‘chemical’ interaction of CoNPs with the support may not be an important factor for ESR catalysts. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Functional morphology and paleoecology of Pilosa (Xenarthra, Mammalia) based on a two‐dimensional geometric Morphometrics study of the Humerus
Authors: de Oliveira Alessandro Marques , Santos Charles Morphy D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe relationship between humerus shape and the modes of exploring substrate among extinct and extant Pilosa (especially anteaters and ground sloths) were investigated here. We used geometric morphometrics and discriminant analyses to relate morphological patterns and their possible ecological categories. Our results suggest that plesiomorphic taxa such as Nothrotheriidae, most Megalonychidae and basal Megatheriidae tend to have more slender humerus, associated to generalist habitus (climbing, swimming and digging activities), and while Mylodontidae developed specialized digging habitus. Additionally, we inferred ground sloths which inhabited the Brazilian territory during the Quaternary likely occupied at least four different niches. Mammals display morphofunctional adaptations on the limbs which are reflected on their modes of substrate exploration. Herein, we analyzed the humerus morphology of ground sloths and anteaters. Our results suggest that most of the Pleistocene Mylodonts were fossorial taxa, while most of the Santacrucian sloths plus extant anteaters were semiarboreal or semiaquatic taxa. The Pleistocene Megatheriidae should be ambulatory.
Trends in return levels of 24‐hr precipitation extremes during the typhoon season in Taiwan
Authors: Chu Pao‐Shin , Zhang Hanpei , Chang Hui‐Ling , Chen Tsui‐Ling , Tofte Kristine 
Published: August 2018

This study is to investigate changes in maximum 24‐hr precipitation for 20 stations during the typhoon season (July–October) and how the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may modulate precipitation extremes in Taiwan. Based on the nonparametric Mann–Kendall method and Sens's test, 15 out of 20 stations (three fourth) exhibited an upward trend from 1958 to 2013. Results of the field significance test suggest that the significant increasing trend is not caused by random variability.The method of the non‐stationary generalized extreme value distribution (NGEV) is then applied to determine temporal changes in return levels. Results show that a large majority of stations are marked by an increasing trend in the three chosen return levels (2, 20, and 100 years) over the last 56 years. Therefore, more intense typhoon producing seasonal maximum 24‐hr precipitation has been observed in Taiwan. The waiting time for an extreme event to occur has shortened considerably in recent years. For stations located in western/central Taiwan, an El Niño (La Niña) event favours low (high) precipitation extremes. It is the opposite for stations in northern and eastern Taiwan. Thus, an east–west regional difference in precipitation extremes across Taiwan is noted. A NGEV model based on both time and ENSO as covariates is also applied. Inter‐annual variations influenced by ENSO are more dominant than long‐term trend in return levels for most stations in western/central Taiwan.
Piping plover chick survival negatively correlated with beach recreation
Authors: DeRose‐Wilson Audrey L. , Hunt Kelsi L. , Monk Julia D. , Catlin Daniel H. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Fraser James D. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTShorebird populations worldwide are declining because of habitat loss from sea‐level rise, accelerated erosion, development, and recreational land use. To better understand the consequences of human recreational activity, we monitored survival, habitat use, condition, and behavior of pre‐fledged piping plover (Charadrius melodus) chicks on Fire Island and Westhampton Island, New York, 2013–2015. Broods experienced varying levels of recreational land use (low‐use, moderate‐use, high‐use, and high off‐road vehicle‐use), and recreational use was higher on weekends (Friday–Sunday) than weekdays. Chick daily survival rates were lowest on weekends and increased with time since weekend. Chicks that hatched in areas with low recreational use were more likely to survive to fledging (25 days;  = 0.82 ± 0.08 SE) than those that hatched in areas of high recreational use ( = 0.19 ± 0.05). In addition, chicks hatched in areas of high recreational use fledged at a later age than those hatched in areas of low or moderate recreational use. On weekends, chicks spent less time in foraging habitat (with higher prey abundance), less time foraging, and made fewer foraging attempts per minute than they did on weekdays. These results suggest that recreational activity on beaches pushed foraging plover chicks into habitats with lower food availability, resulting in lower feeding rates, slower growth, and decreased survival. Recreational use of coastal areas can limit the functional availability of shorebird foraging habitat, particularly intertidal foraging habitat, resulting in demographic consequences. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Surface alloying of magnesium and AZ91 by thermochemical treatment in a medium containing zinc chloride and potassium chloride
Authors: Mola R. , Bucki T. , Gwoździk M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSurface layers enriched with zinc were formed on pure magnesium and AZ91 alloy by heating the specimens in contact with paste containing zinc chloride and potassium chloride at 440 °C for 2 h, using no protective atmosphere. The study involved determining the microstructure, phase composition and microhardness of the resulting layers. During the layer formation process, a transient liquid phase occurred at the substrate/paste interface. The layers fabricated on both substrates were about 200 μm in thickness and they were metallurgically bonded to the substrate material. The same process conditions were used for both types of substrates. From the experimental data it is clear that the layer fabricated on magnesium differed in microstructure from that formed on AZ91. The alloyed layer on magnesium was characterised by dendrites of a solid solution of zinc in magnesium surrounded by a lamellar eutectoid structure composed of an MgZn intermetallic phase and a solid solution of zinc in magnesium. In the layer formed on AZ91, aluminium was detected in all the structural constituents. The layer was composed of a solid solution of zinc and aluminium in magnesium and Mg17(Al, Zn)12 and Mg5Al2Zn2 intermetallic phases. The alloyed layers had much higher hardness than the substrate materials.
The modified temperature term on Johnson Cook model for AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Zhang F. , Liu Z. , Mao P. , Wang F. , Liu Y. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe quasi‐state and dynamic mechanism of AZ31 magnesium alloy at a strain rates range of 0.001 s‐1–2500 s‐1 under a temperature range of 20 °C–250 °C were researched by compression tests using the electronic universal testing machine and split Hopkinson pressure bar system. The true stress‐strain curves at different strain rates and evaluated temperatures were obtained. The result shows that the thermal soften effect of AZ31 magnesium alloy is significant. By modifying the temperature term of the original Johnson Cook model of AZ31 magnesium alloy, a modified Johnson Cook model of AZ31 magnesium alloy has been proposed to reveal thermal soften effect on the deformation behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy more precisely. With the modified Johnson Cook model and fracture model, the finite element method simulation of AZ31 magnesium alloy hat shaped specimen under impacting was conducted. The numerical simulation result is consistent with the experimental result, which indicates that the modified Johnson Cook model and fracture model are greatly valid to predict the deformation and fracture behavior of the AZ31 magnesium alloy hat shaped specimen under impacting.
Sparse multiple factor analysis to integrate genetic data, neuroimaging features, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder domains
Authors: Vilor‐Tejedor Natàlia , Alemany Silvia , Cáceres Alejandro , Bustamante Mariona , Mortamais Marion , Pujol Jesús , Sunyer Jordi , González Juan R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe proposed the application of a multivariate cross‐sectional framework based on a combination of a variable selection method and a multiple factor analysis (MFA) in order to identify complex meaningful biological signals related to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and hyperactivity/inattention domains.MethodsThe study included 135 children from the general population with genomic and neuroimaging data. ADHD symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire based on ADHD‐DSM‐IV criteria. In all analyses, the raw sum scores of the hyperactivity and inattention domains and total ADHD were used. The analytical framework comprised two steps. First, zero‐inflated negative binomial linear model via penalized maximum likelihood (LASSO‐ZINB) was performed. Second, the most predictive features obtained with LASSO‐ZINB were used as input for the MFA.ResultsWe observed significant relationships between ADHD symptoms and hyperactivity and inattention domains with white matter, gray matter regions, and cerebellum, as well as with loci within chromosome 1.ConclusionsMultivariate methods can be used to advance the neurobiological characterization of complex diseases, improving the statistical power with respect to univariate methods, allowing the identification of meaningful biological signals in Imaging Genetic studies.
Serial Stimulated Jitter Analysis In Juvenile Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Bhatia Shivani , Quinlan Haley , McCracken Courtney , Price Eric W. , Guglani Lokesh , Verma Sumit 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Clinical and electrophysiological studies to measures disease activity in juvenile myasthenia gravis (JMG) are limited. Methods: Retrospective review of the clinical profile, Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) scores, serial stimulated jitter analysis (Stim‐JA) of the orbicularis oculi muscle, grip strength, and spirometry of patients with JMG who were followed in a multidisciplinary clinic was performed. Results: Thirteen patients with JMG (9 females) with mean age of 13.2 ± 4.8 years and follow‐up duration of 25.3 ± 8.3 months (range, 6–39) with ≥ 2 Stim‐JA recordings were included. The mean jitter, mean percentage of apparent single‐fiber action potentials (%ASFAP) with increased jitter, and mean %ASFAP with blocking at baseline values (77.3 ± 54.7 µs, 64.3% ± 35.8%, 39% ± 38.6%, respectively) and at follow‐up (53 ± 45.4 µs, 51.2% ± 34.5%, 17% ± 29.4%, respectively) were abnormal; however, no statistically significant interval difference was noted. The electrophysiological data correlated significantly with Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) class. Grip strength and spirometry did not correlate with MGFA class. Discussion: Stimulated jitter values are sensitive biomarkers in JMG. Muscle Nerve 58: 729–732, 2018