bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative effects of dystrophin loss on metabolic function of the mdx mouse
Authors: Strakova Jana , Kamdar Forum , Kulhanek Debra , Razzoli Maria , Garry Daniel J. , Ervasti James M. , Bartolomucci Alessandro , Townsend DeWayne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a disease marked by the development of skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. DMD results from mutations in the gene for the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. The loss of dystrophin expression is not limited to muscle weakness but has multiple systemic consequences. Managing the nutritional requirements is an important aspect of the clinical care of DMD patients and is complicated by the poor understanding of the role of dystrophin, and dystrophic processes, in regulating metabolism. Here, we show that mdx mice, a genetic model of DMD, have significantly reduced fat mass relative to wild type C57BL/10. The alteration in body composition is independent of the presence of skeletal muscle disease, as it is still present in mice with transgenic expression of a fully-functional dystrophin in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, mdx mice do not increase their fat mass or body weight when housed under thermoneutral conditions, in marked contrast to C57BL/10 mice. We also demonstrated that mdx mice have significantly reduced fat metabolism and altered glucose uptake. These significant metabolic changes in dystrophic mice implicate dystrophin as an important regulator of metabolism. Understanding the metabolic functions of dystrophin is important for managing the nutritional needs of DMD patients.
Burkholderia pseudomallei-loaded cells act as a Trojan horse to invade the brain during endotoxemia
Authors: Hsueh Pei-Tan , Lin Hsi-Hsun , Liu Chiu-Lin , Ni Wei-Fen , Chen Ya-Lei , Chen Yao-Shen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeurologic melioidosis occurs in both human and animals; however, the mechanism by which the pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei invades the central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. B. pseudomallei-loaded Ly6C cells have been suggested as a putative portal; however, during melioidosis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can drive disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study aims to test whether the Trojan horse-like mechanism occurs during endotoxemia. The expression levels of cerebral cytokines, chemokines and cell adhesion molecules; the activation of astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells; and the increased vascular permeability and brain-infiltrating leukocytes were evaluated using B. pseudomallei, B. thailandensis, B. cenocepacia and B. multivorans LPS-induced brains. Accordingly, different degrees of BBB damage in those brains with endotoxemia were established. The B. multivorans LPS-induced brain exhibited the highest levels of disruptive BBB according to the above mediators/indicators. Into these distinct groups of endotoxemic mice, B. pseudomallei-loaded Ly6C cells or free B. pseudomallei were adoptively transferred at equal bacterial concentrations (103 CFU). The bacterial load and number of cases of meningeal neutrophil infiltration in the brains of animals treated with B. pseudomallei-loaded Ly6C cells were higher than those in brains induced by free B. pseudomallei in any of the endotoxemic groups. In particular, these results were reproducible in B. multivorans LPS-induced brains. We suggest that B. pseudomallei-loaded cells can act as a Trojan horse and are more effective than free B. pseudomallei in invading the CNS under septic or endotoxemic conditions even when there is a high degree of BBB disruption.
Hybrid beamforming design for dual‐polarised millimetre wave MIMO systems
Authors: Satyanarayana K. , Ivanescu T. , El‐Hajjar M. , Kuo P.‐H. , Mourad A. , Hanzo L. 
Published: September 2018

Millimetre wave (mmWave) communications provide a favourable solution to the ever‐increasing data rate demands because of their abundant bandwidth availability. The conventional wisdom about the mmWave communication channel is that it always exhibits line‐of‐sight (LOS) propagation with directive antennas. However, in mobile communications, mmWave frequencies suffer from frequent LOS blockages and exhibit multipath propagation, which motivates the study and analysis of the polarimetric properties of the mmWave channel. While the exploitation of polarisation is promising, the cross‐polarisation associated with it can be detrimental to the overall performance. Therefore, in this Letter, the authors propose a hybrid precoder design, which mitigates the cross‐polarisation by the joint design of a radio‐frequency beamformer as well as the precoder and combiner used in the baseband. The authors demonstrate through simulations that the proposed design outperforms eigen‐beamforming by 10 dB at a given rate, when considering polarisation.
Power maximised and anti‐saturation power conditioning circuit for current transformer harvester on overhead lines
Authors: Qian Zhongnan , Wu Jiande , He Xiangning , Lin Zhengyu 
Published: September 2018

The current transformer (CT) harvester is effective and efficient for energy harvesting on overhead lines due to its higher reliability and power density compared to other techniques. However, the current of overhead conductor fluctuates from tens of to thousands of amperes, which brings two challenges for the CT harvester design. First, the startup current, above which the harvester can independently power the monitoring devices, should be as low as possible, so that the battery capacity can be reduced; second, the magnetic core should be ensured unsaturated in high current condition. This study proposes a power conditioning circuit with comprehensive control to maximise the output power and prevent the core from saturation. A prototype that can deliver 22.5 W power with 200 A is designed, and a control strategy based on the finite‐state machine is implemented. Experimental results show that the startup current for 2 W load is about 30 A, and the core power density at 60 A is 45.96 mW/cm3, both of which are markedly improved compared to the reported results of the same condition.
A unique distant submillimeter galaxy with an X-ray-obscured radio-luminous active galactic nucleus
Authors: Shu X. W. , Xue Y. Q. , Liu D. Z. , Wang T. , Han Y. K. , Chang Y. Y. , Liu T. , Huang X. X. , Wang J. X. , Zheng X. Z. , da Cunha E. , Daddi E. , Elbaz D. 
Published: September 2018

Aims. We present a multiwavelength study of an atypical submillimeter galaxy, GH500.30, in the GOODS-North field, with the aim to understand its physical properties of stellar and dust emission, as well as the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity. Although it is shown that the source is likely an extremely dusty galaxy at high redshift, its exact position of submillimeter emission is unknown.
Methods. We use NOEMA observation at 1.2 mm with subarcsecond resolution to resolve the dust emission, and precisely localize the counterparts at other wavelengths, which allows us to better constrain its stellar and dust spectral energy distribution (SED) as well as redshift. We carry out the new near-infrared (NIR) photometry of GH500.30 observed with HST, and perform panchromatic SED modelling from ultraviolet (UV)/optical to submillimeter. We derive the photometric redshift using both NIR and far-infrared (FIR) SED modeling, and place constraints on the stellar and dust properties such as stellar mass, age, dust attenuation, IR luminosity, and star-formation rate (SFR). The AGN properties are inferred from the X-ray spectral analysis and radio observations, and its contribution to the total IR luminosity is estimated from the broadband SED fittings using MAGPHYS.
Results. With the new NOEMA interferometric imaging, we confirm that the source is a unique dusty galaxy. It has no obvious counterpart in the optical and even NIR images observed with HST at λ ≲ 1.4 μm. Photometric-redshift analyses from both stellar and dust SED suggest it to likely be at z ≳ 4, though a lower redshift at z ≳ 3.1 cannot be fully ruled out (at 90% confidence interval). Explaining its unusual optical-to-NIR properties requires an old stellar population (∼0.67 Gyr), coexisting with a very dusty ongoing starburst component. The latter is contributing to the FIR emission, with its rest-frame UV and optical light being largely obscured along our line of sight. If the observed fluxes at the rest-frame optical/NIR wavelengths were mainly contributed by old stars, a total stellar mass of ∼3.5 × 1011 M⊙ would be obtained. An X-ray spectral analysis suggests that this galaxy harbors a heavily obscured AGN with NH = 3.3+2.0−1.7 × 1023 cm−2 and an intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosity of Lx ∼ 2.6 × 1044 erg s−1, which places this object among distant type 2 quasars. The radio emission of the source is extremely bright, which is an order of magnitude higher than the star-formation-powered emission, making it one of the most distant radio-luminous dusty galaxies.
Conclusions. The combined characteristics of the galaxy suggest that the source appears to have been caught in a rare but critical transition stage in the evolution of submillimeter galaxies, where we are witnessing the birth of a young AGN and possibly the earliest stage of its jet formation and feedback.
Diabetes im Alter
Authors: Zeyfang Andrej 
Published: September 2018

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Angabe von HbA1c-Korridoren, abhängig von Folge- und Begleiterkrankungen des Diabetes, der Multimorbidität und bestehenden funktionellen Einschränkungen hat sich für die Blutglukose-Zielplanung des geriatrischen Patienten inzwischen weltweit etabliert. Dabei darf das Erreichen eines gesetzten HbA1c-Zieles nicht die Gefahren von schweren Hypoglykämien oder längerfristigen Hyperglykämien aus den Augen geraten lassen. Bei langdauernder Diabeteserkrankung mit über Jahre hinweg schlechter HbA1c-Einstellung und bestehender kardiovaskulärer Begleitmorbidität ist eine zu straffe Blutglukoseeinstellung mit starker HbA1c-Senkung für den älteren Menschen eher schädlich als nützlich. Für die Planung der „individualisierten Therapie“ des Älteren müssen geriatrische Syndrome, besonders im Bereich der Kognition sowie das strikte Vermeiden von Hypoglykämien priorisiert werden. Generell ist für den Älteren mit Diabetes eine Abkehr von glukozentrischen, allein auf HbA1c-Werten basierenden Zielen, zu beobachten.
Geburtseinleitung bei Erstgebärenden ab errechnetem Termin in einem Niedrigrisiko-Kollektiv
Authors: Pretscher Jutta , Weiss Christel , Dammer Ulf , Stumpfe Florian , Faschingbauer Florian , Beckmann Matthias , Kehl Sven 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel dieser Arbeit war es zu untersuchen, ob die Rate an Entbindungen per Sectio caesarea nach Geburtseinleitung ab 40+0 SSW abhängig vom Gestationsalter ist.
Material und Methodik In dieser Kohortenstudie wurden Geburtseinleitungen in einem Niedrigrisikokollektiv zwischen 3 Gruppen (Gruppe 1: 40+0 – 40+6 SSW, Gruppe 2: 41+0 – 41+3 SSW, Gruppe 3:>41+3 SSW) verglichen. Der primäre Zielparameter war die Kaiserschnittrate.
Ergebnis Es zeigte sich kein signifkanter Unterschied hinsichtlich des primären Zielparameters Kaiserschnittrate zwischen den Gruppen 1–3 (p=0,4036). Auch in der multivariablen Analyse waren die Gruppenzuteilung und damit das Gestationsalter nicht relevant. Zu den Faktoren, die die Kaiserschnittrate beeinflussten, gehörten der maternale BMI (p<0,0001), das maternale Alter (p=0,0005) und das Geburtsgewicht (p=0,0151). Bei den sekundären Outcomeparametern wie dem pH- und dem Apgar-Wert sowie der Rate an postpartaler Verlegung in die Kinderklinik zeigten sich ebenfalls keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen.
Schlussfolgerung Der Zeitpunkt der Geburtseinleitung ab 40+0 SSW hatte in dem Niedrigrisikokollektiv keinen Einfluss auf die Kaiserschnittrate.
Determinants of Visfatin/NAMPT Serum Concentration and its Leukocyte Expression in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia , Zybek-Kocik Ariadna , Kloska Michał , Czarnywojtek Agata , Sowiński Jerzy , Budny Bartłomiej , Woliński Kosma , Ziemnicka Katarzyna , Mańkowska-Wierzbicka Dorota , Ruchała Marek 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe aimed to analyze the potential influence of thyroid autoimmunity on visfatin/NAMPT serum concentration and its leukocyte expression in hyperthyroid patients. This is a single-center, cross-sectional study with consecutive enrollment. All patients with newly diagnosed overt hyperthyroidism in a course of Graves' disease or toxic nodular goiter were included in the study. They underwent physical examination, laboratory investigation, body composition analysis, and thyroid ultrasound. NAMPT mRNA leukocyte expressions were measured using RT-qPCR. Of the 173 patients, 95 were enrolled in further analysis [67 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 28 with toxic nodular goiter (TNG)]. Control group consisted of 43 healthy volunteers adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. Higher NAMPT/visfatin serum concentration was found in patients with GD comparing with patients with TNG (p=0.03855). We found significant NAMPT leukocyte overexpression in GD patients (n=32) as compared to TNG patients (n=18) and euthyroid controls (n=24) (p=0.005965). Simple linear regression analysis revealed that NAMPT/visfatin serum concentration was significantly associated with NAMPT leukocyte expression, thyroid autoimmunity, age, HOMA-IR, and fat mass percentage (FM%). NAMPT leukocyte expression was related to thyroid autoimmunity, age, and TRAb levels. The stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed FM% and HOMA-IR as independent predictors of visfatin/NAMPT serum levels. In a separate stepwise multiple regression analysis, we confirmed the association between NAMPT leukocyte expression and TRAb levels. We found that fat mass percentage together with HOMA-IR are the most significant predictors of visfatin/NAMPT serum elevation in hyperthyroid patients.
Applying the RE-AIM Framework for the Evaluation of a Clinical Decision Support Tool for Pediatric Head Trauma: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Masterson Creber Ruth , Dayan Peter , Kuppermann Nathan , Ballard Dustin , Tzimenatos Leah , Alessandrini Evaline , Mistry Rakesh , Hoffman Jeffrey , Vinson David , Bakken Suzanne ,   for the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) and the Clinical Research on Emergency Services and Treatments (CREST) Network
Published: September 2018

Background The overuse of cranial computed tomography (CT) to diagnose potential traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) exposes children with minor blunt head trauma to unnecessary ionizing radiation. The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network and the Clinical Research on Emergency Services and Treatments Network implemented TBI prediction rules via electronic health record (EHR) clinical decision support (CDS) to decrease use of CTs in children with minor blunt head trauma.
Objective This article aims to facilitate implementation and dissemination of a CDS alert into emergency departments around the country.
Methods We evaluated the EHR CT CDS tool through a mixed-methods analysis of 38 audio-recorded interviews with health care stakeholders and quantitative data sources, using the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework.
Results Reach
—The demographics of participants enrolled in the clinical trial were consistent with national estimates of TBI prevalence. Efficacy—There was a variable and modest reduction in CT rates for the 8,067 children with minor head trauma whose clinicians received CDS. Adoption
—The EHR CT CDS tool was well matched with the organizational mission, values, and priorities of the implementation sites. Implementation— The most important predisposing factors for successful implementation were the presence of an approachable clinical champion at each site and belief that the tool was a relevant, reusable knowledge asset. Enabling factors included an effective integration within the clinical workflow, organizational investment in user training, and ease of use. Maintenance
— Reinforcing factors for the EHR CT CDS tool included a close fit with the institutional culture, belief that it was useful for providers and families, and a good educational and informational tool. As such, the EHR CT CDS tool was maintained in clinical practice long after study completion.
Conclusion Data from this mixed-methods study complement findings from the efficacy trial and provide critical components for consideration prior to integration and subsequent dissemination of the EHR CT CDS tool.
Trial Registration NCT01453621, Registered September 27, 2011
Preclinical characterization of Sintilimab, a fully human anti-PD-1 therapeutic monoclonal antibody for cancer
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Zhang Min , Wu Weiwei , Yuan Zhijun , Tsun Andy , Wu Min , Chen Bingliang , Li Jia , Miao Xiaoniu , Miao Xiaoliang , Liu Xiaolin , Yu Dechao , Liu Junjian 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory immune checkpoint expressed on activatedT cells. Upon the formation of T cell receptor (TCR)-pMHC complexes, concomitant PD-1 ligation to its ligands programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) or programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) downregulates TCR signaling and effector function. Here we describe the preclinical characterization of Sintilimab, a fully human IgG4 antibody that potently blocks PD-1 interactions with PD-L1 and PD-L2.

Methods
The binding affinity and blockade function were detected by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry. The biology function properties were measured with luciferase assay and mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. In vivo anti-tumor function and preclinical pharmacokinetic (PK) were identified with human PD-1 transgenic mice and non-human primates separately.

Results
Sintilimab can specifically and strongly bind to human PD-1 (hPD-1) and cynomolgus PD-1 and the affinity of Sintilimab to human PD-1 was measured at 0.3 nm via surface SPR, and displayed slow dissociation kinetics. Sintilimab can block the interaction of PD-1 to PD-L1 and PD-L2 and induce high secretion levels of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 in primary T cell assays. In humanized hPD-1 knock-in mouse models, Sintilimab showed potent anti-tumor activity and increased tumor-infiltrating CD8/CD4 T cell and CD8/ Treg ratios. Preclinical experimentation in non-human primates following a single intravenous infusion of Sintilimab at 1, 6 and 30 mg/kg presented with no signs of drug-related toxicity, and showed typical PK characteristics of an IgG antibody.

Conclusions
Sintilimab has desirable preclinical attributes that supports its clinical development for cancer treatment.
Spray Drift from a Conventional Axial Fan Airblast Sprayer in a Modern Orchard Work Environment
Authors: Kasner Edward J , Fenske Richard A , Hoheisel Gwen A , Galvin Kit , Blanco Magali N , Seto Edmund Y W , Yost Michael G 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPesticide spray drift represents an important cause of crop damage and farmworker illness, especially among orchard workers. We drew upon exposure characteristics from known human illness cases to design a series of six spray trials that measured drift from a conventional axial fan airblast sprayer operating in a modern orchard work environment. Polyester line drift samples (n = 270; 45 per trial) were suspended on 15 vertical masts downwind of foliar applications of zinc, molybdenum, and copper micronutrient tracers. Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and resulting masses were normalized by sprayer tank mix concentration to create tracer-based drift volume levels. Mixed-effects modeling described these levels in the context of spatial variability and buffers designed to protect workers from drift exposure. Field-based measurements showed evidence of drift up to 52 m downwind, which is approximately 1.7 times greater than the 30 m (100 ft) ‘Application Exclusion Zone’ defined for airblast sprayers by the United States Environmental Protection Agency Worker Protection Standard. When stratified by near (5 m), mid (26 m), and far (52 m) distances, geometric means and standard deviations for drift levels were 257 (1.8), 52 (2.0), and 20 (2.3) µl, respectively. Fixed effect model coefficients showed that higher wind speed [0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.35, 0.70] and sampling height (0.16; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.20) were positively associated with drift; increasing downwind distance (−0.05; 95% CI: −0.06, −0.04) was negatively associated with drift. Random effects showed large within-location variability, but relatively few systematic changes for individual locations across spray trials after accounting for wind speed, height, and distance. Our study findings demonstrate that buffers may offer drift exposure protection to orchard workers from airblast spraying. Variables such as orchard architecture, sampling height, and wind speed should be included in the evaluation and mitigation of risks from drift exposure. Data from our study may prove useful for estimating potential exposure and validating orchard-based bystander exposure models.
Optimal modality selection in external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Nourollahi Sevnaz , Ghate Archis , Kim Minsun 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The goal in external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for cancer is to maximize damage to the tumour while limiting toxic effects on the organs-at-risk. EBRT can be delivered via different modalities such as photons, protons and neutrons. The choice of an optimal modality depends on the anatomy of the irradiated area and the relative physical and biological properties of the modalities under consideration. There is no single universally dominant modality. We present the first-ever mathematical formulation of the optimal modality selection problem. We show that this problem can be tackled by solving the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions of optimality, which reduce to an analytically tractable quartic equation. We perform numerical experiments to gain insights into the effect of biological and physical properties on the choice of an optimal modality or combination of modalities.