bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modified Injector and Sample Acquisition Protocol Can Improve Data Quality and Reduce Inter‐Instrument Variability of the Helios Mass Cytometer
Authors: Lee Brian H. , Kelly Geoffrey , Bradford Shermineh , Davila Melanie , Guo Xinzheng V. , Amir El‐Ad David , Thrash Emily M. , Solga Michael D. , Lannigan Joanne , Sellers Brian , Candia Julian , Tsang John , Montgomery Ruth R. , Tamaki Stanley J. , Sigdel Tara K. , Sarwal Minnie M. , Lanier Lewis L. , Tian Yuan , Kim Cheryl , Hinz Denise , Peters Bjoern , Sette Alessandro , Rahman Adeeb H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMass cytometry is a powerful tool for high‐dimensional single cell characterization. Since the introduction of the first commercial CyTOF mass cytometer by DVS Sciences in 2009, mass cytometry technology has matured and become more widely utilized, with sequential platform upgrades designed to address specific limitations and to expand the capabilities of the platform. Fluidigm's third‐generation Helios mass cytometer introduced a number of upgrades over the previous CyTOF2. One of these new features is a modified narrow bore sample injector that generates smaller ion clouds, which is expected to improve sensitivity and throughput. However, following rigorous testing, we find that the narrow‐bore sample injector may have unintended negative consequences on data quality and result in lower median and higher coefficients of variation in many antibody‐associated signal intensities. We describe an alternative Helios acquisition protocol using a wider bore injector, which largely mitigates these data quality issues. We directly compare these two protocols in a multisite study of 10 Helios instruments across 7 institutions and show that the modified protocol improves data quality and reduces interinstrument variability. These findings highlight and address an important source of technical variability in mass cytometry experiments that is of particular relevance in the setting of multicenter studies. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A decision‐making approach for detecting the primary user emulation attack in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Fassi Fihri Wassim , El Ghazi Hassan , Abou El Majd Badr , El Bouanani Faissal 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCognitive radio network (CRN) is a promising technology, which enables secondary users to use the free spectrum channels without causing detrimental interference with the primary user (PU). Nevertheless, CRN is subject to numerous cyber attacks that have a negative impact on its performance. Among the CRN attacks, the primary user emulation (PUE) attack is known to be one of the malicious attacks threatening CRN security. Several attacks detection techniques, based on attacker localization, have been investigated in the literature. These techniques include the trilateration, received signal strength indication (RSSI), and network coding approach as well. However, most of these techniques do not consider the uncertainty related to CRN, which can be modeled by a cost function defined as a weighted sum of conditional probabilities. In this paper, a localization technique, relied on a trilateration computation and a Bayesian model, is proposed for PUE position detection purpose under uncertainty conditions assumption. Particularly, the estimation of PUE position is performed through trilateration method based on RSSI at the anchor nodes for the signal coming from either PU or PUE, whereas, the Bayesian decision model, based on a cost function, is involved to check the PU legitimacy. The simulation results show that the decision‐making approach "Security, productivity, Balancing" influences directly the zone of the PUE attack detection.
Nonlinear least square approach for range estimation based on attenuation of EM waves in seawater using world ocean data from 1955 to 2012
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Yan Piao , Jafri Mohsin Raza 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this research paper, we estimated absorption loss (Lα) and spreading loss (Lo) based on electromagnetic (EM) waves propagation, considering multiple seawater depth (1101) points from surface to 5500 m distributed uniformly with 5‐m difference. Estimation of parameters aforementioned was done based on world ocean data (WOD13) from the National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI) averaged between 1955 and 2012 along decades for basic parameters of seawater T (Co) and S (ppt) up to 5500‐m depth vertically and also across (41 088) latitude/longitude points for all oceans that includes Indian, Pacific, Southern, Atlantic, and Arctic horizontally. We also computed another important factor that contributes in overall path loss (LUW), loss due to polarization of EM fields between transmitter Tx and receiver Rx such as antenna polarization factor (Lϕ). Lϕ (dB) along with Lα (dB) and Lo (dB) by substituting into basic propagation model for EM waves in seawater helps us to predict efficiently accurate achievable range (Rest) using nonlinear least square (NLLS) approximation combined with Lambert transformation considering nonlinear exponential PT (dBm) decay. Moreover, predicted Rest (m) helps us to minimize mean error (mean(e(t))) by adapting to actual range R (m) using NLLS approach. Simulation tool MATLAB has been used for implementation of NLLS approach and performance analysis.
A functional trait approach to identifying life history patterns in stochastic environments
Authors: Smallegange Isabel M. , Berg Matty P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTemporal variation in demographic processes can greatly impact population dynamics. Perturbations of statistical coefficients that describe demographic rates within matrix models have, for example, revealed that stochastic population growth rates (log(λs)) of fast life histories are more sensitive to temporal autocorrelation of environmental conditions than those of slow life histories. Yet, we know little about the mechanisms that drive such patterns. Here, we used a mechanistic, functional trait approach to examine the functional pathways by which a typical fast life history species, the macrodetrivore Orchestia gammarellus, and a typical slow life history species, the reef manta ray Manta alfredi, differ in their sensitivity to environmental autocorrelation if (a) growth and reproduction are described mechanistically by functional traits that adhere to the principle of energy conservation, and if (b) demographic variation is determined by temporal autocorrelation in food conditions. Opposite to previous findings, we found that O. gammarellus log(λs) was most sensitive to the frequency of good food conditions, likely because reproduction traits, which directly impact population growth, were most influential to log(λs). Manta alfredi log(λs) was instead most sensitive to temporal autocorrelation, likely because growth parameters, which impact population growth indirectly, were most influential to log(λs). This differential sensitivity to functional traits likely also explains why we found that O. gammarellus mean body size decreased (due to increased reproduction) but M. alfredi mean body size increased (due to increased individual growth) as food conditions became more favorable. Increasing demographic stochasticity under constant food conditions decreased O. gammarellus mean body size and increased log(λs) due to increased reproduction, whereas M. alfredi mean body and log(λs) decreased, likely due to decreased individual growth. Our findings signify the importance of integrating functional traits into demographic models as this provides mechanistic understanding of how environmental and demographic stochasticity affects population dynamics in stochastic environments.
Development of MEMS liquid cell to visualize the dynamics of bubbles and droplets at the microscale
Authors: Ishida Tadashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractI developed a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) liquid cell for the visualization of bubbles and droplets at the microscale using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The MEMS liquid cell has an electron transparent membrane and a microchannel. The electron transparent membrane was 80‐nm‐thick Si3N4. I tested the wettability of the electron transparent membrane and liquid leakage, and simulated the scattering of an electron beam. The MEMS liquid cell was equipped on the SEM custom‐made holder for in‐liquid specimens. I observed the floating of bubbles in the microchannel and the formation and growth of droplets on the electron transparent membrane at the microscale using an SEM.
Structures of Peptidic H‐wires at Mercury Surface: Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Kroutil Ondřej , Kabeláč Martin , Dorčák Vlastimil , Vacek Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiopolymer immobilization strategies, self‐assembly systems and adsorption phenomenon in general are crucial for the development of methods that work on the basis of the surface‐detection principle, including electrochemistry. A mechanistic view into the interaction of biopolymers with electrode surfaces is also important for studying fundamental and dynamic processes such as electron/proton transport. In this sense, the utilization of new approaches for investigating the interfacial behavior of immobilized biomolecular architectures is a permanent focus. Here we use a molecular dynamics (MD) approach to simulate the structural changes and metallic surface interactions of a model 21‐mer peptide of His (H) and Ala (A), A3(HA2)6, a peptidic proton wire (H‐wire). This H‐wire was previously proposed for the electrochemical study of proton transfer at mercury electrodes (Langmuir, 2018, 34, 6997). The rigid solid mercury mono‐atomic layer (α‐mercury lattice model) was used systematically in all our simulations. The calculations were performed in a simulation box with 1, 16 and 32 H‐wire strands attached covalently to the mercury layer via the thiol group of a cysteinamide residue appended to the H‐wire C‐terminus. The internal alpha‐helical configuration of H‐wires was maintained by the presence of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol. It was shown that both the surface density of H‐wires and the protonation state of His residues play a decisive role in the structural stability and orientation of the peptide to the surface, whereas the applied voltage only has a mild effect on it, especially in case of 16 and 32 H‐wire strand configurations. The MD simulations presented here could be used for the further investigation of other peptides at metallic surfaces and for electrochemical analyses of structural changes of surface‐attached peptides that depend on their protonation states and other external factors.
Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Taste Assessment of Ibuprofen Based Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Shishkanova Tatiana V. , Broncová Gabriela , Skálová Annemarie , Prokopec Vadym , Člupek Martin , Král Vladimír 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe flavor aspect of pharmaceutical formulations is very important in terms of their acceptability for the patient. This work is aimed at using of a novel promising type of electronic tongue (ET), consisting of a potentiometric sensor array, for the discrimination and assessment the taste of commercial pharmaceuticals based on ibuprofen (Ibuflam 4 %). The sensor array was formed by six ion‐selective membranes (ISMs) based on both specific and non‐specific active components. Analysis of potentiometric signal outputs including statistical data processing utilizing the principal component analysis (PCA) method allowed evaluating the role of individual active components of the ISMs in the sense of taste control of the pharmaceutical preparation Ibuflam 4 % before and after flavoring. The sensing array can be used to identify differences in flavor within individual batches from the same producer, since ISMs provide a different response to all components present in the analyzed pharmaceutical. The ET contains ISMs which are able to recognize the bitter taste in the framework of the batches of ibuprofen based pharmaceuticals. To recognize bitter taste, it was essential to include ISMs, providing a response to a particular type of taste, namely, specific and non‐specific ISMs. The experimental findings show that taste‐sensing potentiometric sensor system can be a good alternative to the human panel and is able to detect the slight changes in taste.
Pt Nanoparticle‐modified Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Wang Bo , Wen Ximiao , Chiou Pei‐Yu , Maidment Nigel T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a simple approach to the production of carbon fiber‐based amperometric microbiosensors for selective detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which was achieved by electrometallization of carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) by electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles. The Pt‐carbon hybrid sensing interface provided a sensitivity of 7711±587 μA ⋅ mM−1 ⋅ cm−2, a detection limit of 0.53±0.16 μM (S/N=3), a linear range of 0.8 μM–8.6 mM, and a response time of <2 sec. The morphologies of the Pt nanoparticle‐modified CFMs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. To achieve selectivity, permseletive layers, polyphenylenediamine (PPD) and Nafion, were deposited resulting in exclusion of the anionic and cationic interferents, ascorbic acid and dopamine, respectively, at their physiologically relevant concentrations. The resultant sensors displayed a sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide of 1381±72 μA ⋅ mM−1 ⋅ cm−2, and a detection limit of 0.86±0.19 μM (S/N=3). This simple and rapid metallization method converts carbon fiber microelectrodes, which are readily accessible, to microscale Pt electrodes in 2 min, providing a platform for oxidase‐based amperometric biosensors with improved spatial resolution over more commonly used platinum electrode array microprobes.
Voltammetric Properties of All‐solid State Ion‐selective Electrodes with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes‐poly(3‐octylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) Nanocomposite Transducer
Authors: Kałuża Dawid , Michalska Agata , Maksymiuk Krzysztof 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVoltammetric response of an all‐solid‐state ion‐selective electrode was studied on example of potassium‐selective sensor with poly(vinyl chloride) based membrane and nanocomposite transducer containing poly(3‐octylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Factors limiting the rate of the electrochemical process and the response were discussed. The challenge in voltammetric applications of ion‐selective electrodes is thickness of the plastic membrane. It was found that although a relatively thick ion‐selective membrane was applied, as typically used in potentiometric studies, the position of the reduction peak, corresponding to potassium ions incorporation, was dependent on ions concentration in a Nernstian manner. This opens possibility of deviation from the paradigm of ultrathin membranes in voltammetric applications, thus potentially extending the sensors lifetime. The high resistance of the membrane did not affect the voltammetric characteristics, because the resistance was independent of ions concentration in solution. On the other hand, high resistance results in charge trapping effect in the solid contact material, leading to advantageous retention of the oxidized‐conducting state of the solid contact, independently of the applied electrode potential.
Formulation of risk‐targeted seismic action for the force‐based seismic design of structures
Authors: Žižmond Jure , Dolšek Matjaž 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA risk‐targeted design spectral acceleration and the corresponding seismic design action for the force‐based design of structures is introduced by means of two formulations. The first one called direct formulation utilizes the seismic hazard function at the site of the structure. Because the seismic action defined in the codes is often associated with a designated return period, an indirect formulation is also introduced. It incorporates a risk‐targeted safety factor that can be used to define a risk‐targeted reduction factor. It is shown that the proposed formulations give analogical results and provide an insight into the concept of the reduction of seismic forces for the force‐based seismic design of structures if the objective is defined by a target collapse risk. The introduced closed‐form solution for the risk‐targeted reduction factor can be used to investigate how the target collapse risk, the seismic hazard parameters, the randomness of the seismic action, and the conventional parameters (ie, the overstrength factor and the deformation and energy dissipation capacity) affect the seismic design forces in the case of force‐based design. However, collaborative research is needed in order to develop appropriate models of these parameters. In the second part of the paper, the proposed formulations are demonstrated by estimating the risk‐targeted seismic design action for a six‐storey reinforced concrete building. By verifying the collapse risk of the designed structure, it is demonstrated that the risk‐targeted seismic action, in conjunction with a conventional force‐based design, provided structure with acceptable performance when measured in terms of collapse risk.
Impact of flat roof–integrated solar photovoltaic installation mode on building fire safety
Authors: Ju Xiaoyu , Zhou Xiaodong , Gong Junhui , Zhao Kun , Peng Yang , Zhang Cong , Ren Xingyu , Yang Lizhong 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper quantifies experimentally the fire‐induced reradiation to roof surface created by flame extension on the back of the flat roof–integrated photovoltaic (PV) array. A gas burner underneath the tilted PV panels was employed as the fire source. The effects of the PV tilt angle, distance from PV panel to roof, and fire heat release rate (HRR) were investigated. The flame extension geometries and flame reradiation heat flux distribution were recorded. The results show that the flame extension length and vertical thickness (ie, the vertical distance from the back surface of the PV panel to the extension flame profile) are reduced with the increase of PV tilt angle and panel‐roof distance but are increased with increases in the fire HRR. A unified nondimensional HRR coupled with all these factors is proposed to quantify the flame extension geometry. Furthermore, a general equation based on the physical relationship between flame radiation and flame geometry is developed to characterize the distribution of reradiation heat flux on the roof surface with the nondimensional local flame thickness. Finally, suggestions regarding PV installations on flat roofs and the selection of roofing materials are given to decrease the possibility of flame propagation underneath the PV arrays.
PEM‐Fuel Cell Catalyst Behavior between Room Temperature and Freezing Point
Authors: Kunkel R. , Baumann N. , Jurzinsky T. , Cremers C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn increasing use of fuel cell electric vehicles involves the need to understand their behavior at low ambient temperatures as well as under cold‐start conditions. Here commercial 60 wt.% Pt/C catalyst (HiSPEC9100) was studied in the temperature range 0–20 °C using rotating disc electrode (RDE) setup and single cell inside a climate chamber. RDE measurements of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity revealed decreasing activity with lower temperatures as well as activation energies and reaction mechanisms comparable to high temperature studies. Catalyst degradation was significantly lower at lower temperatures, which was confirmed by CO stripping. The increase of the specific ORR activity after degradation measurements is discussed in terms of morphological changes of the Pt particles. Single cell tests confirmed significant performance reduction at lower temperatures. Furthermore, measurements at different power densities were conducted to evaluate heating and flooding effects.
Effect of chronic disease self‐management program on the quality of life of HIV‐infected men who have sex with men: An empirical study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhang Peng , Gao Jing , Wang Yanmei , Sun Qiao , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: July 2019

SummaryObjectivesThe HIV/AIDS epidemic rages on in China, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). MSM with HIV/AIDS also tend to have poorer quality of life than other members of the population. A major contributor to these issues is the huge gap between the increasing demand of MSM for medical services and the availability of such services; their current needs cannot be met only with the services of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The aim of the present study was to examine the quality of life of MSM with HIV/AIDS in Shanghai, as well as determine whether it is influenced by chronic disease self‐management (CDSM).MethodsWe conducted a pre‐post study to evaluate the effect of CDSM on participants' quality of life. Four hundred twenty participants were assigned to either the CDSM group (n = 210) or the control group (n = 210). We collected data on quality of life (using the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey [MOS‐HIV]) and various psychological and behavioral variables via interviewer‐administered questionnaires.ResultsThe physical and mental health summary scores of the MOS‐HIV were 53.7 and 49.9, respectively. The CDSM group showed a significant improvement in quality of life and a significant decrease in the proportion of participants with anxiety symptoms (from 38.6% to 22.6%). Furthermore, the frequency of condom use increased from 43.3% to 47.3%.ConclusionMSM with HIV generally had low quality of life in Shanghai. The CDSM program might help promote the quality of life of MSM while helping them practice healthy behaviors.
Protective effect of betulinic acid on Freund's complete adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Huimin Ding , Hui Chen , Guowei Shen , Shouyun Xiao , Junyang Peng , Juncheng Wei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of betulinic acid (BA) on adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats. The rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (AA) was established by Freund's complete adjuvant. Arthritis index, joint pathology, toe swelling, hemorheology, related cytokines and ROCK/NF‐κB signaling pathway were measured in rats. BA can significantly inhibit the arthritis index, improve joint pathology, reduce toe swelling, improve blood rheology, improve synovial cell apoptosis, and restore related cytokine negative regulation of ROCK/NF‐κB signaling pathways. BA has an obvious therapeutic effect on joint inflammation of toes in AA model rats, which may be due to the regulation of ROCK/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Accounting for human capital: Implications of automation and operational performance
Authors: McCoy Nicole R. , Phillips Brandis , Stewart Alice C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs automation evolves, human capital becomes a firm's strategic asset. Using resource‐based theory, we discuss the importance of maintaining human capital with superior skills as a means to sustain a competitive and how to value human capital as a strategic asset. As we do not propose a new accounting regulation, we suggest metrics that may be used to assess the value of strategic human assets.
Undiagnosed inferior vena cava type of sinus venosus atrial septal defect in a middle‐aged woman: A rare case report
Authors: Ghaemian Ali , Nabati Maryam , Shokri Mojtaba 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) accounts for 5% to 10% of ASDs. In contrast with the more common superior vena cava (SVC) type, the inferior vena cava (IVC) type of sinus venosus ASD with overriding IVC is extremely rare. The sinus venosus defect occur posterior to the fossa ovalis and is not regarded as true ASD. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a diagnostic procedure of choice due to close proximity of atrial septum to TEE transducer. However; it may not constantly yield detailed anatomical and functional characterization, and other imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be needed. We report the case of a 45‐year‐old woman with an undiagnosed hemodynamically significant IVC‐type ASD without any anomalous drainage of pulmonary veins, who presented with progressive dyspnea.