bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pivot Energy of Solar Energetic Particles Affecting the Martian Surface Radiation Environment
Authors: Guo Jingnan , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. , Wang Yuming , Grande Manuel , Matthiä Daniel , Zeitlin Cary , Ehresmann Bent , Hassler Donald M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Space radiation is a major risk for humans, especially on long-duration missions to outer space, e.g., a manned mission to Mars. Galactic cosmic rays contribute a predictable radiation background; the main risk is due to the highly variable and currently unpredictable flux of solar energetic particles (SEPs). Such sporadic SEP events may induce acute health effects and are thus considered a critical mission risk for future human exploration of Mars. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to study, model, and predict the surface radiation environment during such events. It is well known that the deep-space SEP differential energy spectrum at high energies is often given by a power law. We use a measurement-validated particle transport code to show that, for large SEP events with proton energy extending above ∼500 MeV with a power-law distribution, it is sufficient to measure the SEP flux at a pivot energy of ∼300 MeV above the Martian atmosphere to predict the dose rate on the Martian surface. In conjunction with a validation by in situ measurements from the Martian surface, this remarkable simplification and elegant quantification could enable instant predictions of the radiation environment on the surface of Mars upon the onset of large SEP events.
En chemin vers la foi : le processus apologétique dans les discours des Actes des Apôtres
Authors: Jerumanis Pascal-Marie 
Published: September 2019

Le proto-discours d’Ac 2 (le jour de la Pentecôte) et le discours apologétique emblématique d’Ac 17 (devant l’Aréopage) mettent en œuvre, chacun à sa manière, tout un processus apologétique examiné avec soin dans cet article. Des éléments indispensables pour une apologétique renouvelée sont ainsi mieux mis en lumière. Tout en fondant bibliquement ce que la théologie fondamentale récente a mis en évidence en matière d’apologétique, l’étude proposée ici permet d’attirer l’attention sur des aspects encore trop souvent négligés.
Sens et contresens de la notion de mystère
Authors: Brauns Jean-Marie 
Published: September 2019

Dans les écrits de Paul, la notion de mystère recouvre une intuition théologique majeure. Les Pères prénicéens élargissent cette notion en fonction de leurs préoccupations exégétiques, liturgiques et pastorales, et en ce faisant, l’approfondissent d’une manière qui échappe facilement à nos esprits occidentaux contemporains. Les différents emplois modernes du vocable « mystère » relèvent d’une confusion historique et d’une survalorisation idéologique, et rendent l’accès à l’intuition de Paul et des Pères toujours aussi malaisé.
Repenser l’évangélisation
Authors: Fossion André 
Published: September 2019

Les hommes, selon une affirmation de St Paul vi , pourront se sauver, grâce à la miséricorde de Dieu même si l’Évangile ne leur est pas annoncé. L’annonce de l’Évangile n’est pas une condition requise pour être sauvé car le salut déborde, par la grâce de Jésus-Christ, les frontières de l’Église. Le devoir d’évangéliser demeure cependant non pas pour que le monde soit sauvé, mais parce qu’il est sauvé. Ce qui pousse à évangéliser, c’est l’amour de l’autre avec lequel on désire partager la joie infiniment précieuse de reconnaître et d’éprouver le salut de Dieu. Cette œuvre évangélisatrice de l’Église peut schématiquement se décliner en quatre moments essentiels : reconnaître le salut déjà en marche ; être un corps de charité dans la chair du monde ; être un corps parlant de la charité, avec charité, pour en dire le mystère ; offrir à qui le souhaite un chemin d’initiation à la vie chrétienne.
Le pouvoir désaliénant de la rencontre avec l’œuvre d’art
Authors: Christaki Angélique 
Published: September 2019

La langue est un lieu d’accueil pour l’expérience. Or, quand la langue devient un lieu inhospitalier, quand les mots n’ont plus de sens à donner à cet accident dont nous sommes obligés de devenir l’âme, alors à cet instant précis émerge l’ unheimlich. Milan Kundera revient sur une expérience dénuée de sens vécue à Prague en 1972 au moment où le régime de l’époque avait fait de la langue un lieu d’interrogatoire et une terre de délation. C’est à travers le geste brutal du peintre et dans la rencontre avec les portraits de Francis Bacon quelques années plus tard que cet instant d’incompréhension devient répétition traumatique vouée à l’écriture. Partant de la question que S. Freud pose face à Moïse de Michel-Ange : « qu’est ce qui nous empoigne si puissamment face à l’œuvre d’art ? » nous allons suivre la plume de Milan Kundera sur le chemin d’une désaliénation allant du geste brutal du peintre au geste de l’écriture qui dialogue avec la rumeur du temps.
L'État aménageur
Authors: Sevin Olivier 
Published: September 2019

Les politiques d'aménagement du territoire sont difficiles à cerner en Indonésie : ce pays constitue une construction territoriale si fragile que le non-dit revêt plus d’importance que les politiques clairement exprimées au niveau du gouvernement central. Les programmes les plus importants ne relèvent pas du « Commissariat au plan », mais sont toujours présentés sous un angle purement technique.
Politiques alimentaires et mutations de l’espace en Inde
Authors: Landy Frédéric 
Published: September 2019

Le rôle de l’État dans l’organisation de l’espace a été fondamental dans une Inde qui se dit « socialiste ». On note cependant différentes tendances, oscillant entre despolitiques avant tout homogénéisatrices, comme après l’Indépendance, et des politiques favorisant un développement concentré spatialement et socialement (lors de la révolution verte et depuis le programme d’ajustement structurel de 1991). Le cas des engrais chimiques et plus généralement celui de l’ensemble de la politique alimentaire (prix agricoles, achats et redistributions de grains) illustrent ces hésitations. Il en résulte un système complexe et assez rigide, dont l’objectif d’intégration nationale n'a pas empêché inégalités sociales et rivalités entre les États de l’Union.
Sur quoi fonder l’unité de la géographie ? Objets ou problématiques ?
Authors: Pech Pierre , Regnauld Hervé 
Published: September 2019

Cet article propose une analyse de la démarche géographique. Habituellement, on fonde la démarche géographique sur les objets étudiés. On propose ici de considérer que la géographie physique et humaine ont en commun non pas les objets mais les méthodes : l'analyse spatiale, les échelles, etc.
Les expulsions de réfugiés étrangers
Authors: Diaz Delphine 
Published: September 2019

Cet article veut enquêter sur les mesures d’expulsion adoptées à l’encontre d’étrangers auxquels l’administration française attribuait le qualificatif de « réfugiés ». S’il s’agit d’éclairer le cadre juridique qui régissait l’expulsion des réfugiés entre 1832 et 1852, les pratiques administratives sont analysées à la lumière des fonds policiers conservés dans plusieurs dépôts d’archives départementales. L’usage de l’expulsion à l’encontre de personnes venues en France pour des motifs politiques ou, tout du moins, venues sous la contrainte a donné lieu à de vives protestations au sein de la société civile, de plus en plus sensible au cours de la première moitié du xixe siècle au sort de ces étrangers d’un genre particulier.
Droit d’asile, droit d’expulsion et représentations de l’exilé en Amérique du Sud au xixe siècle
Authors: Blumenthal Edward 
Published: September 2019

Cet article analyse les expulsions des exilés en Amérique latine à partir des problématiques de l’intégration et du statut des exilés. En comprenant l’intégration des exilés en termes de résidence locale, on démontre qu’au cours du xixe siècle la nationalité était moins importante que la politique pour déterminer l’expulsion. Vers la fin du xixe siècle, deux mouvements liés – la codification du droit d’asile mais aussi la création d’une législation qui facilite l’expulsion des étrangers – mènent à une séparation des deux figures juridiques. L’asile devient associé aux élites latino-américaines et l’expulsion nationalisée, aux immigrés européens et à la criminalité.
Preparing Physicians for Rural Practice: Availability of Rural Training in Rural-Centric Residency Programs
Authors: Patterson Davis G. , Andrilla C. Holly A. , Garberson Lisa A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Exposing residents to rural training encourages future rural practice, but unified accreditation of allopathic and osteopathic graduate medical education under one system by 2020 has uncertain implications for rural residency programs.

Objective
We describe training locations and rural-specific content of rural-centric residency programs (requiring at least 8 weeks of rurally located training) before this transition.

Methods
In 2015, we surveyed residency programs that were rurally located or had rural tracks in 7 specialties and classified training locations as rural or urban using Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes.

Results
Of 1849 residencies in anesthesiology, emergency medicine, general surgery, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and psychiatry, 119 (6%) were rurally located or offered a rural track. Ninety-seven programs (82%) responded to the survey. Thirty-six programs required at least 8 weeks of rural training for some or all residents, and 69% of these rural-centric residencies were urban-based and 53% were osteopathic. Locations were rural for 26% of hospital rotations and 28% of continuity clinics. Many rural-centric programs (35%) reported only urban ZIP codes for required rural block rotations; 54% reported only urban ZIP codes for required rural clinic sessions, and 31% listed only urban ZIP codes in reporting rural full-time training locations. Programs varied widely in coverage of rural-specific training in 6 core competencies.

Conclusions
In multiple specialties important for rural health care systems, little rurally located residency training and rural-specific content was available. Substantial proportions of training locations reported to be rural were actually urban according to a common rural definition.
Electrochemical Behavior of Conventional and Rheo-High-Pressure Die Cast Low Silicon Aluminum Alloys in NaCl Solutions
Authors: Eslami Maryam , Deflorian Flavio , Zanella Caterina 
Published: September 2019

The electrochemical behavior of a low silicon aluminum alloy cast by the conventional and rheo-high-pressure die cast processes is evaluated using polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.01 M, 0.05 M, 0.1 M, and 0.6 M sodium chloride solutions. Compared to the conventional high-pressure die cast process, rheocasting introduces some alterations in the microstructure including the presence of aluminum grains with different sizes, formed at different solidification stages. According to the results of the anodic polarization test, conventional cast and rheocast samples show similar breakdown potentials. However, the rheocast samples present enhanced oxygen reduction kinetics compared to the conventional cast sample. Based on scanning electron microscopy examinations, localized microgalvanic corrosion is the main corrosion mechanism for both alloys and it initiates at the interface of aluminum with iron-rich intermetallic particles which are located inside the eutectic regions. The corrosion further develops into the eutectic area. Although the rate of the cathodic reaction can be influenced by the semisolid microstructure, according to the results of anodic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests, the corrosion behavior is not meaningfully affected by the casting process.
Suïcides en suïcidepogingen van jongeren in Amsterdam
Authors: van Bergen Diana , bijker Lisette 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Suicide and attempted suicide by young people in Amsterdam. What do we know about the background and factors associated with suicide and suicidal behaviors?

At the end of 2016, suicide among adolescents has been on the rise among Dutch youth. This finding highlights the importance of collecting relevant information concerning adolescent suicide. In this study, we will take a first step in collecting knowledge prior to this rise regarding the background, characteristics and precipitating factors of suicidality in Dutch youth in Amsterdam in the period between 1996 and 2010. Two types of files were collected; for suicides in Amsterdam, coroners’ files were collected (1996-2010). For suicide attempts, we collected medical files from the emergency room of a hospital in Amsterdam (2003-2006). Regarding suicides of young people, we mainly see young men between the ages of 18-23 who mainly died through hanging, jumping from height or in front of a train. Few other factors were recorded in the coroners’ files. Regarding suicide attempts, five themes were visible: 1) demographic and social factors; older adolescents and girls were strongly overrepresented, and a third of all attempters had a non-Dutch origin; 2) Stressful life events, particularly sexual abuse and parental divorce; 3) psychological issues and psychiatric disorders, especially depression and borderline personality; 4) trigger factors consisting of conflicts and disputes with parents or a partner and lastly, 5) previous self-harm or attempts were frequently noted. This study provides a very first indication of relevant factors that could assist in future research about the recent rise in Dutch adolescent suicide and guide prevention efforts. To generate more specific epidemiological knowledge, and in order to formulate prevention strategies more optimal data-gathering systems are needed that systematically take a wide range of known risk factors into account.
Uitkomsten van een gerandomiseerde gecontroleerde trial naar de effectiviteit van depressie- en angstpreventie voor adolescenten met een verhoogd familiair risico
Authors: Rasing Sanne , Creemers Daan , Vermulst Ad , Janssens Jan , Engels Rutger , Scholte Ron 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Outcomes of a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of depression and anxiety prevention for adolescents with a high familial risk

A randomized controlled trail was conducted to examine the effectiveness of a depression and anxiety prevention program ‘Een Sprong Vooruit’ (A Leap Forward) among adolescent girls (N = 142) with a high familial risk. The results showed neither effects of the prevention program directly after the intervention, nor at 6 or 12 months follow-up on depression and anxiety symptoms. Further, latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) was used to examine whether the growth functions for the intervention and the control condition were different. The slope representing the change in depression symptoms was not significantly different between the intervention and the control condition. For anxiety symptoms, the difference between slopes was also not significant. Based on findings, we suggested that these high-risk adolescent girls might benefit more from a more intensive prevention program.
God with Us
Authors: Quiros Ansley L. 
Published: September 2019

For many, the struggle over civil rights was not just about lunch counters, waiting rooms, or even access to the vote; it was also about Christian theology. Since both activists and segregationists ardently claimed that God was on their side, racial issues were imbued with religious meanings from all sides. Whether in the traditional sanctuaries of the major white Protestant denominations, in the mass meetings in black churches, or in Christian expressions of interracialism, southerners resisted, pursued, and questioned racial change within various theological traditions.
God with Us examines the theological struggle over racial justice through the story of one southern town-Americus, Georgia-where ordinary Americans sought and confronted racial change in the twentieth century. Documenting the passion and virulence of these contestations, this book offers insight into how midcentury battles over theology and race affected the rise of the Religious Right and indeed continue to resonate deeply in American life.
Gone Home
Authors: Brown Karida L. 
Published: September 2019

Since the 2016 presidential election, Americans have witnessed countless stories about Appalachia: its changing political leanings, its opioid crisis, its increasing joblessness, and its declining population. These stories, however, largely ignore black Appalachian lives. Karida L. Brown’s Gone Home offers a much-needed corrective to the current whitewashing of Appalachia. In telling the stories of African Americans living and working in Appalachian coal towns, Brown offers a sweeping look at race, identity, changes in politics and policy, and black migration in the region and beyond.
Drawn from over 150 original oral history interviews with former and current residents of Harlan County, Kentucky, Brown shows that as the nation experienced enormous transformation from the pre- to the post-civil rights era, so too did black Americans. In reconstructing the life histories of black coal miners, Brown shows the mutable and shifting nature of collective identity, the struggles of labor and representation, and that Appalachia is far more diverse than you think.
Seasonal characteristics of organic aerosol chemical composition and volatility in Stuttgart, Germany
Authors: Huang Wei , Saathoff Harald , Shen Xiaoli , Ramisetty Ramakrishna , Leisner Thomas , Mohr Claudia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The chemical composition and volatility of organic aerosol (OA)
particles were investigated during July–August 2017 and February–March
2018 in the city of Stuttgart, one of the most polluted cities in Germany.
Total non-refractory particle mass was measured with a high-resolution
time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS; hereafter AMS).
Aerosol particles were collected on filters and analyzed in the laboratory
with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols coupled to a high-resolution
time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-HR-ToF-CIMS;
hereafter CIMS), yielding the molecular composition of oxygenated OA (OOA)
compounds. While the average organic mass loadings are lower in the summer
period (5.1±3.2 µg m−3) than in the winter period (8.4±5.6 µg m−3), we find relatively larger mass
contributions of organics measured by AMS in summer (68.8±13.4 %)
compared to winter (34.8±9.5 %). CIMS mass spectra show OOA
compounds in summer have O : C of 0.82±0.02 and are more influenced by
biogenic emissions, while OOA compounds in winter have O : C of 0.89±0.06 and are more influenced by biomass burning emissions. Volatility
parametrization analysis shows that OOA in winter is less volatile with
higher contributions of low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs) and extremely
low-volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs). We partially explain this by the
higher contributions of compounds with shorter carbon chain lengths and
a higher number of oxygen atoms, i.e., higher O : C in winter. Organic compounds
desorbing from the particles deposited on the filter samples also exhibit a
shift of signal to higher desorption temperatures (i.e., lower apparent
volatility) in winter. This is consistent with the relatively higher O : C in
winter but may also be related to higher particle viscosity due to the
higher contributions of larger-molecular-weight LVOCs and ELVOCs, interactions
between different species and/or particles (particle matrix), and/or thermal
decomposition of larger molecules. The results suggest that whereas lower
temperature in winter may lead to increased partitioning of semi-volatile
organic compounds (SVOCs) into the particle phase, this does not result in a
higher overall volatility of OOA in winter and that the difference in
sources and/or chemistry between the seasons plays a more important role.
Our study provides insights into the seasonal variation of the molecular
composition and volatility of ambient OA particles and into their potential
sources.
Fragmentering og disharmoni, eller helse og livsmestring?
Authors: Helskog Guro Hansen 
Published: September 2019

Folkehelse og livsmestring er innført som et nytt tverrfaglig emne i skolen. I dette essayet argumenteres det for at så lenge trekk ved eksisterende skolekultur fremmer det motsatte, er det ikke nok å innføre et nytt faglig emne. I essayet pekes det på enkelte slike trekk. Det argumenteres for at det må langt mer dyptgripende skolekulturelle endringer til dersom barn og unge skal få rom til å utvikle seg og dannes på måter som faktisk kan legge grunnlaget for god fysisk og psykisk helse og livsmestring, også i et livsløpsperspektiv. Nøkkelord: skole, livsmestring, folkehelse
The Parallel World of the Eunuch
Authors: Dale Melissa S. 
Published: September 2019

Palace eunuchs, seeking agency in their restricted lives, tested the boundaries of subservience to the emperor and the imperial eunuch system. Behind the palace walls, eunuchs operated within two parallel realms, one revolving around the emperor and his imperial court and another in which they challenged the restrictions placed on them by the imperial eunuch system. This chapter focuses on the world of the eunuch, where eunuchs recreated the social bonds that emasculation was intended to deny them. An examination of legal cases and directives on eunuch conduct provides insight into this second, more hidden, realm, one in which opium dens and gambling flourished, eunuchs became drunk and got into fights with one another, and forbidden bonds of intimacy defeated one of the main purposes of emasculation.
The recovery of tradition
Authors: Ealy Lenore T. 
Published: September 2019

Scholars have increasingly conceptualized American civil society as a realm of mediating structures that humanize our lives by shielding us from the power of society’s megastructures (whether the State or multinational corporations). This focus on structural position and the work of “mediation” has tended to crowd out an alternative exploration of the family, faith communities, clubs, and voluntary associations rooted in an exploration of their custodial and creative functions in relationship to the traditions through which American society persists. This chapter draws upon Edward Shils’ seminal work, Tradition, to argue that the essential function of these social institutions is to renew the patterns of belief and conduct that guide human action and enable the re-enactment of such patterns across generations. It highlights the importance of Shils’ understanding of the intrinsic value and authority of traditionality in light of the ultimate frailty and insufficiency of rationality by itself in enabling human beings to solve the important problems that confront them individually and as participants in a shared culture.
Efficient gate control of spin–orbit interaction in InSb nanowire FET with a nearby back gate
Authors: Takase Keiko , Tateno Kouta , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Electrical tuning of spin–orbit interaction (SOI) is important for spintronics. Here we report that InSb nanowire with a nearby back gate structure enables efficient tuning of the Rashba SOI with small gate voltage. Consequently, the Rashba coupling parameter is larger than those obtained for various previously reported III–V nanowire devices. Our findings demonstrate that InSb nanowire with this back gate structure will provide prominent and easy-to-use devices in the fields of spintronics and spin–orbitronics.