bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering source and sink responses of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) to elevated temperatures
Authors: Hastilestari Bernadetta Rina , Lorenz Julia , Reid Stephen , Hofmann Jörg , Pscheidt David , Sonnewald Uwe , Sonnewald Sophia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPotato is an important staple food with increasing popularity worldwide. Elevated temperatures significantly impair tuber yield and quality. Breeding heat‐tolerant cultivars is therefore an urgent need to ensure sustainable potato production in the future. An integrated approach combining physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology was undertaken to contribute to a better understanding of heat effects on source‐ (leaves) and sink‐organs (tubers) in a heat‐susceptible cultivar. An experimental set‐up was designed allowing tissue‐specific heat application. Elevated day and night (29°C/27°C) temperatures impaired photosynthesis and assimilate production. Biomass allocation shifted away from tubers towards leaves indicating reduced sink strength of developing tubers. Reduced sink strength of tubers was paralleled by decreased sucrose synthase activity and expression under elevated temperatures. Heat‐mediated inhibition of tuber growth coincided with a decreased expression of the phloem‐mobile tuberization signal SP6A in leaves. SP6A expression and photosynthesis were also affected, when only the belowground space was heated, and leaves were kept under control conditions. By contrast, the negative effects on tuber metabolism were attenuated, when only the shoot was subjected to elevated temperatures. This, together with transcriptional changes discussed, indicated a bidirectional communication between leaves and tubers to adjust the source capacity and/or sink strength to environmental conditions.
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy as a Reliable Means of Comparing Ultraviolet Radiation‐induced Erythema in Extreme Skin Colors
Authors: Fajuyigbe Damilola , Coleman Andrew , Sarkany Robert P. E. , Young Antony R. , Schmalwieser Alois W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractErythema is widely considered an indicator of skin cancer susceptibility, but assessments are challenging in black skin because melanin can mask erythema under traditional visual and advanced objective Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* assessments. Using spectral measurements (400–700 nm) from a spectrophotometer, an algorithm was developed to measure erythema in white Caucasians (n = 9) and black West Africans (n = 11) 19–24 h postsolar simulated radiation (SSR) exposures to the volar forearm. The derived spectrum achieved showed a strong maximum peak for hemoglobin at 580 nm and a linear slope between 650 and 700 nm for melanin absorption, as reported by other authors. Absorption by hemoglobin at 580 nm was used as a proxy for erythema, and melanin was quantified between 650 and 700 nm. Our algorithm corrected the erythema measurements for stray specular (mirror‐like) reflection and the melanin‐masking effect. A linear relationship between SSR exposure and erythema was evident (p < 0.0001 for white and black skin), and white skin is 8.4 times more responsive to SSR compared to black skin. The prediction of ultraviolet radiation sensitivity is vital in both clinical and investigative dermatology especially in the determination of starting phototherapy doses. Our methodology allows for the accurate assessment of erythema independent of constitutive pigmentation.
Workers’ remittances and government size
Authors: Williams Kevin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper I use a panel of 133 developing countries for the period 1972 to 2012 to estimate the effect of workers’ remittances on the size of government. Controlling for country and period fixed effects that jointly affect workers’ remittances and government size, the paper finds that workers’ remittances are associated with larger government. The paper further examines whether democratic institutions mediate the relationship between workers’ remittances and government size. Democratic institutions do not significantly mediate the effect that workers’ remittances have on the size of government.
The ambiguity of social return policies in the Netherlands
Authors: Yerkes Mara A. , van den Braken Leydi Johana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSocial procurement policies, which aim to create employment opportunities for vulnerable groups, such as the long‐term unemployed and the disabled, have become increasingly popular in recent years. Despite their growing popularity, empirical research on this topic is limited. Combining insights from the social policy and public administration literatures, we explore the development and implementation of “social return” policies by the Dutch government. These policies are a form of social procurement that require private employers to spend a percentage of public tenders to hire individuals far removed from the labor market. Social procurement appears, by definition, to be a form of social investment. However, our analysis of the ideas underlying its use in the Netherlands suggests that significant contradictions exist, with evidence of neoliberal New Public Management tendencies, social investment, and the more recent form of public administration, New Public Service. Using extensive document analysis of parliamentary documents, discussions and evaluative reports from 2008 to 2014, we reveal the tensions inherent in the Dutch approach and discuss possible implications for our understanding of social policy and administration as well as social protection.
Social assistance trajectories among young adults in Finland: What are the determinants of welfare dependency?
Authors: Ilmakunnas Ilari , Moisio Pasi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSocial assistance receipt is typical among young adults, but the long‐term trajectories of social assistance receipt have been less studied. We use Finnish population register data to study the kinds of social assistance trajectories found among young adults. We also analyze how individual and family characteristics are associated with the likelihood of following different social assistance trajectories. Individuals are followed from the age of 19 to 25. According to the results, social assistance receipt is relatively common among young adults but spell duration is usually short. Around 35% receive social assistance at least once between the ages of 19 and 25, and 2.5% receive social assistance each year. Using latent class growth analysis, we estimated six trajectories based on the annual number of social assistance months: (1) no receipt; (2) transitory; (3) slow exit; (4) occasional; (5) increase; and (6) dependency. Almost 4% of young adults follow the “dependency” trajectory. The results from multinomial logistic regression indicate that having only a short education is a particularly strong predictor of social assistance dependency. Parental social assistance receipt and moving out of the parental home at a young age are also significant predictors of social assistance receipt.
Recovery of soil macronutrients following shifting cultivation and ethnopedology of the Adi community in the Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Teegalapalli K. , Mailappa A. S. , Lyngdoh N. , Lawrence D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractShifting cultivation involves a cycle of forest clearing, cultivation and a fallow phase. As the practice involves clearing forest, it is considered unsustainable and leads to soil fertility loss and erosion. While several variations of the practice exist, traditional communities undertake the practice systematically with relatively long fallow periods and are often knowledgeable about their landscape in terms of soil and its management. To better understand one such system, we quantified soil recovery following cultivation in terms of macronutrients and documented the traditional knowledge of the Adi community in a remote site in the Eastern Himalaya. We collected soil samples from three replicates, each from currently cultivated sites, uncut forest sites and successional sites 3, 12 and 25 yr following cultivation. Available nitrogen and phosphorus significantly increased, and there was an increasing trend in soil organic matter following cultivation. The Adi differentiated nine types of soil and preferred specific soil types for shifting and settled cultivation. We documented soil management and methods of soil fertility retention practised by the Adi. Their location of different crops in the field was based on the effect of the crop on soil fertility. Our research indicated that soil nutrient recovery was considerable following cultivation and that traditional shifting cultivators in the landscape were knowledgeable about their landscape in terms of soil diversity, undertaking practices to manage soil erosion and fertility. Future policies that will affect shifting cultivation in the region should acknowledge such systematic use of a landscape by traditional farming communities.
Recurrent diversification patterns and taxonomic complexity in morphologically conservative ancient lineages of Pimelia (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: MAS‐PEINADO PALOMA , BUCKLEY DAVID , RUIZ JOSÉ LUIS , GARCÍA‐PARÍS MARIO 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe genus Pimelia Fabricius is the most speciose in the tribe Pimeliini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). It consists of approximately 320 species distributed mainly in xeric environments in the western Palaearctic region and northern deserts in the Afrotropical region. Pimelia is a very heterogenous group despite its conserved morphology. Based on two mitochondrial (cox1 and 16S) and five nuclear markers (ITS1, ITS2, 18S, Wg and H3), we carried out a phylogenetic and biogeographic study to: (i) provide a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationships within Pimelia; (ii) re‐evaluate the taxonomic status and organization of clades (subgenera) within the genus; and (iii) establish a temporal framework and historical scenario for the evolution and diversification of Pimelia in the western Mediterranean Region. Pimelia presents a high degree of morphological conservatism and possibly stasis, often resulting in complexes of cryptic species. Repetitive patterns of variation are found recurrently between and within groups, which resulted in a conundrum of nonmonophyletic taxonomic assemblages based on morphological homoplastic characters. Based on our results, we propose a new taxonomic arrangement for Pimelia with 14 clades, treated as subgenera, with the description of six new subgenera: Iberomelia subgen.n., Italomelia subgen.n., Magrebmelia subgen.n., Hispanomelia subgen.n., Massadraamelia subgen.n. and Amblypteraca subgen.n. Our results also indicate an Oligocene (Rupelian) origin for Pimelia, and North Africa as the most likely area of origin. The complex geological and climatic history in the western Mediterranean region has shaped the distribution and diversity of species in the area. The current faunal assemblages observed in Pimelia are the result of complex patterns of recurrent processes of dispersal and vicariance, including in situ diversification through time in different areas of the Mediterranean basin. Pimelia is a fascinating yet very challenging group, and the phylogenetic and systematic framework developed here will pave the way for further ecological, taxonomic, and evolutionary studies at local and regional scales.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DCA003F7‐85F4‐4803‐A859‐5738C6473151.
Using stable isotope tracers to study bone metabolism in children
Authors: O'Brien Kimberly O. , Abrams Steven A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSkeletal mineralization is initiated in utero and continues throughout childhood and adolescence. During these key periods of the life cycle, calcium retention must increase significantly to provide sufficient mineral for bone deposition and skeletal growth. Stable calcium isotopes have served as a fundamental tool to non‐invasively characterize the dynamic changes in calcium physiology that occur from infancy through adolescence. These approaches have helped define the dynamics of calcium absorption and utilization in healthy children and in children with chronic diseases. As data in this area have accumulated, new areas of emphasis are beginning to characterize the determinants of variability in mineral retention, the genetic determinants of bone turnover and calcium flux and the impact of the gut microbiome on whole body and niche specific calcium dynamics. Advances in these areas will help define calcium utilization in paediatric populations and provide information that may be useful in maximizing bone acquisition across this critical phase of the life cycle.
image
Biomechanical assessment of healthy and keratoconic corneas (with/without crosslinking) using dynamic ultrahigh-speed Scheimpflug technology and the relevance of the parameter (A1L−A2L)
Authors: Fuchsluger Thomas A , Brettl Susanne , Geerling Gerd , Kaisers Wolfgang , Franko Zeitz Philipp 
Published: June 2018

AimsTo examine corneal biomechanics in healthy and keratoconic eyes, with or without crosslinking obtained by ultrahigh-speed Scheimpflug measurements (Corvis ST).MethodsOne hundred and seventeen eyes were studied in three groups: group 1 (n=39) contained keratoconic eyes without crosslinking. Group 2 (CXL; n=28) comprised keratoconic eyes after crosslinking. These were compared with a control group (n=50 matched healthy eyes). In addition, 10 keratoconus patients, before and after CXL treatment, respectively, were examined.ResultsThe novel parameter A1L–A2L demonstrated highly significant differences between crosslinked corneas and untreated keratoconic or healthy corneas. Velocity during second applanation (A2V) and deformation amplitude (DA) were significantly increased in crosslinked keratoconic eyes both compared with untreated keratoconic eyes and with healthy controls. Radius at highest curvature also was significant among all groups. Inward applanation length (A1L) was significantly increased in controls, whereas outward applanation length (A2L) was significantly reduced in crosslinked keratoconic eyes compared with both other groups. The follow-up analysis revealed statistically significant changes in pachymetry and intraocular pressure and showed tendencies towards significance in applanation times 1 and 2 and in DA.ConclusionsBoth A2V and A2L are viable parameters to discriminate healthy from keratoconic but also crosslinked from non-crosslinked keratoconic corneas. The difference of A1L−A2L could reliably discriminate crosslinked from non-crosslinked and healthy corneas. Follow-up examination in a small cohort allows distinction between crosslinked and untreated keratoconus in follow-up examinations. The difference of A1L-A2L could reliably discriminate crosslinked from non-crosslinked and healthy corneas. Measurements of corneal deformation using dynamic ultrahigh-speed Scheimpflug technology are reproducible and provide useful information about keratoconus assessment and biomechanics. Therefore, the Corvis ST seems to provide useful technology to monitor therapeutic success of crosslinking treatment.
Comparison of short-wavelength blue-light autofluorescence and conventional blue-light autofluorescence in geographic atrophy
Authors: Borrelli Enrico , Nittala Muneeswar Gupta , Abdelfattah Nizar Saleh , Lei Jianqin , Hariri Amir H , Shi Yue , Fan Wenying , Cozzi Mariano , Sarao Valentina , Lanzetta Paolo , Staurenghi Giovanni , Sadda SriniVas R 
Published: June 2018

Background/aimsTo systematically compare the intermodality and inter-reader agreement for two blue-light confocal fundus autofluorescence (FAF) systems.MethodsThirty eyes (21 patients) with a diagnosis of geographic atrophy (GA) were enrolled. Eyes were imaged using two confocal blue-light FAF devices: (1) Spectralis device with a 488 nm excitation wavelength (488-FAF); (2) EIDON device with 450 nm excitation wavelength and the capability for ‘colour’ FAF imaging including both the individual red and green components of the emission spectrum. Furthermore, a third imaging modality (450-RF image) isolating and highlighting the red emission fluorescence component (REFC) was obtained and graded. Each image was graded by two readers to assess inter-reader variability and a single image for each modality was used to assess the intermodality variability.ResultsThe 95% coefficient of repeatability (1.35 mm2 for the 488-FAF-based grading, 8.13 mm2 for the 450-FAF-based grading and 1.08 mm2 for the 450-RF-based grading), the coefficient of variation (1.11 for 488-FAF, 2.05 for 450-FAF, 0.92 for 450-RF) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (0.994 for 488-FAF, 0.711 for 450-FAF, 0.997 for 450-RF) indicated that 450-FAF-based and 450-RF-based grading have the lowest and highest inter-reader agreements, respectively. The GA area was larger for 488-FAF images (median (IQR) 2.1 mm2 (0.8–6.4 mm2)) than for 450-FAF images (median (IQR) 1.0 mm2 (0.3–4.3 mm2); p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in lesion area measurement between 488-FAF-based and 450-RF-based grading (median (IQR) 2.6 mm2 (0.8–6.8 mm2); p=1.0).ConclusionThe isolation of the REFC from the 450-FAF images allowed for a reproducible quantification of GA. This assessment had good comparability with that obtained with 488-FAF images.
Orthogonal Polynomials in Mathematical Physics
Authors: Chan Chuan-Tsung , Mironov A. , Morozov A. , Sleptsov A. 
Published: June 2018

This is a review of ([Formula: see text]-)hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials and their relation to representation theory of quantum groups, to matrix models, to integrable theory, and to knot theory. We discuss both continuous and discrete orthogonal polynomials, and consider their various generalizations. The review also includes the orthogonal polynomials into a generic framework of ([Formula: see text]-)hypergeometric functions and their integral representations. In particular, this gives rise to relations with conformal blocks of the Virasoro algebra. To the memory of Ludwig Dmitrievich Faddeev
Chiral Anomaly, Topological Field Theory, and Novel States of Matter
Authors: Fröhlich Jürg 
Published: June 2018

Starting with a description of the motivation underlying the analysis presented in this paper and a brief survey of the chiral anomaly, I proceed to review some basic elements of the theory of the quantum Hall effect in 2D incompressible electron gases in an external magnetic field, (“Hall insulators”). I discuss the origin and role of anomalous chiral edge currents and of anomaly inflow in 2D insulators with explicitly or spontaneously broken time reversal, i.e. in Hall insulators and “Chern insulators”. The topological Chern–Simons action yielding the large-scale response equations for the 2D bulk of such states of matter is displayed. A classification of Hall insulators featuring quasi-particles with abelian braid statistics is sketched. Subsequently, the chiral edge spin currents encountered in some time-reversal invariant 2D topological insulators with spin-orbit interactions and the bulk response equations of such materials are described. A short digression into the theory of 3D topological insulators, including “axionic insulators”, follows next. To conclude, some open problems are described and a problem in cosmology related to axionic insulators is mentioned. As far as the quantum Hall effect and the spin currents in time-reversal invariant 2D topological insulators are concerned, this review is based on extensive work my collaborators and I carried out in the early 1990’s. Dedicated to the memory of Ludvig Dmitrievich Faddeev — a great scientist who will be remembered
Broadband Frequency-Tunable Whispering-Gallery-Mode Superradiant Light from Quantum Dots in Colloidal Solution
Authors: AlSalhi Mohamad S. , Prasad Saradh , Aljaafreh Mamduh J. , Othman Ahmad H. S. 
Published: June 2018

We examine superradiant (SR) light or amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) laser comprising various sized (CdSe) ZnS quantum dots (QDs) in colloidal liquid. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 40 nm is observed when the colloidal QD system is pumped with 2 mJ of laser light at 355 nm (3rd harmonic of Nd:YAG laser). Under optimal conditions of pump energy and focusing, ASE at 520 nm with a bandwidth of Δλ=8 nm (FWHM) and divergence of 9 mrad is observed. When the QDs are embedded on a high-Q factor silica microsphere ((functionalized with an amine), SMA), they generate WGMs with random peak distributions. Finally, when all the QDs embedded in SMAs are mixed and placed in a cuvette, we obtain a “WGM laser” that is almost continuously tunable from 520 nm to 630 nm with a spectral width less than 2 nm (FWHM) in the WGM and less than 1.2 nm in the cavity mode. We believe that this is the first report on a frequency tunable laser obtained using (CdSe) ZnS QDs embedded in an SMA, exhibiting an efficiency of 0.06%.
The Canonical Wnt Pathway Drives Macropinocytosis in Cancer
Authors: Redelman-Sidi Gil , Binyamin Anna , Gaeta Isabella , Palm Wilhelm , Thompson Craig B. , Romesser Paul B. , Lowe Scott W. , Bagul Mukta , Doench John G. , Root David E. , Glickman Michael S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Macropinocytosis has emerged as an important pathway of protein acquisition in cancer cells, particularly in tumors with activated Ras such as pancreatic and colon cancer. Macropinocytosis is also the route of entry of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and other microbial therapies of cancer. Despite this important role in tumor biology and therapy, the full mechanisms by which cancer cells can activate macropinocytosis remain incompletely defined. Using BCG uptake to assay macropinocytosis, we executed a genome-wide shRNA screen for macropinocytosis activators and identified Wnt pathway activation as a strong driver of macropinocytosis. Wnt-driven macropinocytosis was downstream of the β-catenin–dependent canonical Wnt pathway, was PAK1 dependent, and supported albumin-dependent growth in Ras-WT cells. In cells with activated Ras-dependent macropinocytosis, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of Wnt signaling suppressed macropinocytosis. In a mouse model of Wnt-driven colonic hyperplasia via APC silencing, Wnt-activated macropinocytosis stimulated uptake of luminal microbiota, a process reversed by topical pharmacologic inhibition of macropinocytosis. Our findings indicate that Wnt pathway activation drives macropinocytosis in cancer, and its inhibition could provide a therapeutic vulnerability in Wnt-driven intestinal polyposis and cancers with Wnt activation.
Significance: The Wnt pathway drives macropinocytosis in cancer cells, thereby contributing to cancer growth in nutrient-deficient conditions and, in the context of colon cancer, to the early phases of oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4658–70. ©2018 AACR.