bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherence in defect evolution data for the ion beam irradiated graphene
Authors: Yeo Sunmog , Han Jiyoon , Bae Sukang , Lee Dong Su 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe defect evolution in graphene produced by ion beam bombardment is investigated by changing the ion species, irradiation energy and dose. Raman spectroscopy is performed to examine the defect yield produced under various ion beam bombardment conditions. The defect yields of the vacancy-type defect are well described by the linear energy transfer (L) and dose (d). By increasing Ld, the defect yields exhibit similar behaviours for all ion species. As a consequence, all the defect yields can be collapsed into a single curve by multiplying them by a single parameter, suggesting that the defect evolution under various ion beam bombardment conditions can be described in a simple formula.
Wide-Field Functional Microscopy of Peripheral Nerve Injury and Regeneration
Authors: Nam Ahhyun S. , Easow Jeena M. , Chico-Calero Isabel , Villiger Martin , Welt Jonathan , Borschel Gregory H. , Winograd Jonathan M. , Randolph Mark A. , Redmond Robert W. , Vakoc Benjamin J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSevere peripheral nerve injuries often result in partial repair and lifelong disabilities in patients. New surgical techniques and better graft tissues are being studied to accelerate regeneration and improve functional recovery. Currently, limited tools are available to provide in vivo monitoring of changes in nerve physiology such as myelination and vascularization, and this has impeded the development of new therapeutic options. We have developed a wide-field and label-free functional microscopy platform based on angiographic and vectorial birefringence methods in optical coherence tomography (OCT). By incorporating the directionality of the birefringence, which was neglected in the previously reported polarization-sensitive OCT techniques for nerve imaging, vectorial birefringence contrast reveals internal nerve microanatomy and allows for quantification of local myelination with superior sensitivity. Advanced OCT angiography is applied in parallel to image the three-dimensional vascular networks within the nerve over wide-fields. Furthermore, by combining vectorial birefringence and angiography, intraneural vessels can be discriminated from those of the surrounding tissues. The technique is used to provide longitudinal imaging of myelination and revascularization in the rodent sciatic nerve model, i.e. imaged at certain sequential time-points during regeneration. The animals were exposed to either crush or transection injuries, and in the case of transection, were repaired using an autologous nerve graft or acellular nerve allograft. Such label-free functional imaging by the platform can provide new insights into the mechanisms that limit regeneration and functional recovery, and may ultimately provide intraoperative assessment in human subjects.
Psoralen induced cell cycle arrest by modulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway in breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Xu Chengfeng , Hua Yitong , Cheng Kai , Zhang Yingzhe , Liu Jian , Han Yong , Liu Song , Zhang Guoqiang , Xu Shujian , Yang Zhenlin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPsoralen could inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, however, the molecular mechanism was unclear. We evaluated the anti-proliferative effects of psoralen by MTT, plate colony formation assay and cell cycle analysis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The effects of psoralen on activation of Wnt/β-catenin and the related target genes were examined by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and cell immunofluorescence. The tumor growth was conducted in BALB/c nude mice and the pathological changes of heart, liver and kidney were also observed. Our results demonstrate that psoralen significantly inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest in MCF-7 cells and G2/M phase arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. The expression of Fra-1 was reduced and Axin2 was promoted both in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after psoralen treatment. The cytoplasmic accumulation and nuclear translocation of β-catenin were significantly reduced by psoralen. Psoralen increased the levels of phospho-(Y142) β-catenin, while decreased the expression of total β-catenin and its downstream target Fra-1 in vitro and vivo. Moreover, psoralen didn’t cause any significant toxicity at the effective concentration. Overall, our results might provide theoretical basis for clinical application of psoralen in breast cancer.
Morphosyntax Production of Preschool Children With Hearing Loss: An Evaluation of the Extended Optional Infinitive and Surface Accounts
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The first aim of this study was to explore differences in profiles of morphosyntax production of preschool children with hearing loss (CHL) relative to age- and language-matched comparison groups. The second aim was to explore the potential of extending 2 long-standing theoretical accounts of morphosyntax weakness in children with specific language impairment to preschool CHL.

Method

This study examined conversational language samples to describe the accuracy and type of inaccurate productions of Brown's grammatical morphemes in 18 preschool CHL as compared with an age-matched group (±3 months,
n
= 18) and a language-matched group (±1 raw score point on an expressive language subtest,
n
= 18). Age ranged from 45 to 62 months. Performance across groups was compared. In addition, production accuracy of CHL on morphemes that varied by tense and duration was compared to assess the validity of extending theoretical accounts of children with specific language impairment to CHL.

Results
CHL exhibited particular difficulty with morphosyntax relative to other aspects of language. In addition, differences across groups on accuracy and type of inaccurate productions were observed. Finally, a unified approach to explaining morphosyntax weakness in CHL was more appropriate than a linguistic- or perceptual-only approach.

Conclusions
Taken together, the findings of this study support a unified theoretical account of morphosyntax weakness in CHL in which both tense and duration of morphemes play a role in morphosyntax production accuracy, with a more robust role for tense than duration.
Data calibration for the MASCARA and bRing instruments
Authors: Talens G. J. J. , Deul E. R. , Stuik R. , Burggraaff O. , Lesage A.-L. , Spronck J. F. P. , Mellon S. N. , Bailey J. I. , Mamajek E. E. , Kenworthy M. A. , Snellen I. A. G. 
Published: September 2018

Aims. MASCARA and bRing are photometric surveys designed to detect variability caused by exoplanets in stars with mV < 8.4. Such variability signals are typically small and require an accurate calibration algorithm, tailored to the survey, in order to be detected. This paper presents the methods developed to calibrate the raw photometry of the MASCARA and bRing stations and characterizes the performance of the methods and instruments.
Methods. For the primary calibration, a modified version of the coarse decorrelation algorithm is used, which corrects for the extinction due to the earth’s atmosphere, the camera transmission, and intrapixel variations. Residual trends are removed from the light curves of individual stars using empirical secondary calibration methods. In order to optimize these methods, as well as characterize the performance of the instruments, transit signals were injected in the data.
Results. After optimal calibration an RMS scatter of 10 mmag at mV ~ 7.5 is achieved in the light curves. By injecting transit signals with periods between one and five days in the MASCARA data obtained by the La Palma station over the course of one year, we demonstrate that MASCARA La Palma is able to recover 84.0, 60.5 and 20.7% of signals with depths of 2, 1 and 0.5%, respectively, with a strong dependency on the observed declination, recovering 65.4% of all transit signals at δ > 0° versus 35.8% at δ < 0°. Using the full three years of data obtained by MASCARA La Palma to date, similar recovery rates are extended to periods up to ten days. We derive a preliminary occurrence rate for hot Jupiters around A-stars of >0.4%, knowing that many hot Jupiters are still overlooked. In the era of TESS, MASCARA and bRing will provide an interesting synergy for finding long-period (>13.5 days) transiting gas-giant planets around the brightest stars.
Wheelchair Skills Training for Functional Activity in Adults with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Yeo Sang , Kwon Jung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWheelchair skills training can improve independent wheeled mobility for daily living activities as well as functional and social participation of adults with cervical spinal cord injury (C-SCI). The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of wheelchair skills training in improving both wheelchair skills and upper arm skilled performance in adults with C-SCI. In a randomized controlled study, 24 adults with tetraplegia were randomized and allocated to training group (n=13) or control group (n=11). The training group attended wheelchair skills training sessions, whereas the control group attended conventional exercise sessions. All interventions lasted 8 weeks, with a frequency of 3 days per week. All individuals were tested with the Wheelchair Skills Test (WST) and the Van Lieshout Test (VLT). The test was repeated at pre- and post-training (after 4 weeks and 8 weeks). For WST, univariate analysis demonstrated significant main effects in between-group, within-group, and group-by-time interaction (p<0.05). VLT showed no significant effect in between-group comparison (p>0.05), whereas within-group comparison of test times and group-by-time interaction showed significant main effects (p<0.05). Thus, wheelchair skills training is more beneficial for adults with C-SCI than conventional exercise.
Medizinische Leistungen für ambulante
Versorgungsgruppen
Authors: Merins Elena , Tenckhoff Bernhard , Robra Bernt-Peter 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Morbidität und Versorgungsleistungen hängen über
evidenzbasierte Regeln, Patientenpräferenzen und Erfahrungen der medizinischen
Praxis miteinander zusammen, eine „feste Kopplung“ gibt es jedoch nicht. Mit dem
Ziel, ambulante Versorgungsgruppen zu beschreiben, wird ein Verfahren
vorgestellt, das Diagnosen und medizinische Leistungen der umfangreichen
Abrechnungsstatistik aufeinander bezieht.
Material und Methodik Grundlage sind bundesweite Abrechnungsdaten der
ambulanten Versorgung aus dem Jahr 2012. Das Verfahren wird am Beispiel eines
Versorgungsproblems vorgestellt: Patienten mit Entzündungen der ableitenden
Harnwege differenziert nach Alter und Geschlecht. Kontrollgruppe sind Patienten
ohne diese Diagnose. Mit Kenngrößen aus dem Vergleich von Ziel- und
Kontrollgruppe – der positiven Likelihood Ratio und der Breite ihres
Konfidenzintervalls – wird eine Clusteranalyse der Abrechnungsleistungen
durchgeführt. Die Cluster werden als partielle empirische Charakterisierung des
Zusammenhangs von Diagnosen als Morbiditätskriterium mit Leistungen als
Versorgungsindikatoren interpretiert.
Ergebnisse Das Verfahren eliminiert viele unspezifische, wenig
trennscharfe oder quantitativ bedeutungslose Leistungen. Der ermittelte Satz
diagnoseassoziierter Leistungen ist auf das jeweilige Versorgungsproblem
bezogen, bleibt vom Umfang überschaubar (22 bis 71 Leistungen je Gruppe) und
kann durch Variation der Grenzwerte der Kennziffern unterschiedlich eng mit der
Diagnose gekoppelt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Die vorgestellte Analyse fördert Leistungstransparenz und
kann die Weiterentwicklung des Abrechnungssystems mit seinen impliziten
Anreizstrukturen unterstützen. Cluster-Leistungen können Informationen zur
Entwicklung der assoziierten Morbidität beitragen.
Hip Pain in Athletes: Part 1—How to Work Up, Diagnose, and Manage Core Muscle Injuries (Athletic Pubalgia)
Authors: Roedl Johannes , Zoga Adam , Meyers William , Poor Alexander 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLower abdominal and groin injuries are among the most common causes of pain in athletes. Those that involve the skeletal muscles of the core, defined as the entire body from the chest to the midthigh, are called core muscle injuries. In this review, the authors will describe the anatomy and pathophysiology of core muscle injuries in detail, as well as the appropriate work-up and management. Special consideration is given to the important interrelationship between core muscle injuries and intrinsic hip pathology, such as femoroacetabular impingement, and to the drawbacks of treating these injuries with platelet-rich plasma.
Diagnosis Discordance and Neonatal Transport: A Single-Center Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Sampaio Tatiana , Wilson Margo , Aubertin Cheryl , Redpath Stephanie 
Published: September 2018

Introduction In Canada, more than 4,000 critically ill newborns per year require transfer. Transports are initially managed based on information conveyed by referral practitioners.
Objectives To identify the frequency of diagnostic discordance between the referring facility, transport team, and tertiary care center in our outborn neonatal population and to verify the association between discordance events (DEs), prolonged transport stabilization times, and potential risk factors to further inform and facilitate the development of future outreach education initiatives.
Study Design In this retrospective chart review, we identified and categorized DEs for patients transported by our service in a 1-year period. Associations between DE, transport stabilization times, and patient variables were studied using univariate and multivariable approaches.
Results From 233 eligible patients, 10.7% of patients had referral to discharge discordance events. No significant association was identified between stabilization time and DE. Birth weight and presence of a neurologic diagnosis were associated with DE.
Conclusion Diagnostic discordance was identified in 1 of every 10 neonates transported and found to be associated with patients with higher birth weight and the presence of neurologic diagnoses. Outreach initiatives will be developed and adapted accordingly, with a focus on this population.
The schema mode model for personality disorders
Authors: Fassbinder E. , Schweiger U. , Jacob G. , Arntz A. 
Published: September 2018

SummarySchema therapy (ST) based on the schema mode approach is currently one of the major developments in the treatment of personality disorders (PD). ST is a transdiagnostic approach, but also provides disorder-specific models for most PDs. The mode model gives a clear structure for the development of an individual case conceptualization, in which all current symptoms and interpersonal problems of the patient and the connection with their biographical context can be accommodated. The therapeutic interventions are adapted to the present mode in the specific situation. In addition to cognitive and behavioral techniques there is a special focus on experiential techniques (especially chair dialogues and imagery rescripting) and on specific features of the therapeutic relationship (‘limited reparenting’). This paper provides an overview of the theoretical background and practical application of schema mode-based ST for PDs. An individual case conceptualization and the therapeutic techniques are illustrated with a case example of a patient with histrionic PD.
Psychotherapie narzisstisch gestörter Patienten
Authors: Lammers C.-H. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel unternimmt den Versuch, die derzeit bestehenden psychotherapeutischen Konzepte zur Behandlung von narzisstisch gestörten Patienten schulenübergreifend zusammenzufassen. Im Rahmen einer Psychotherapie sollen u.a. die Einsicht des Patienten in seine doppelte Selbstwertregulation, die Reduktion von Schamgefühlen, ein verbesserter Um-gang mit bislang vermiedenen adaptiven Bedürfnissen und der Abbau von narzisstischen Verhaltensweisen zugunsten eines Aufbaus prosozialer und selbstwertdienlicher Verhaltensweisen erreicht werden. Hierzu bedarf es Strategien der therapeutischen Beziehungsgestaltung, der Arbeit an der doppelten Selbstwertregulation, einer Emotionsregulation mit Aktivierung adaptiver Bedürfnisse, der Korrektur dysfunktionaler Kognitionen, der Verbesserung der interaktionellen Fähigkeiten und ggf. Verbesserung der Leistungsfähigkeit des Patienten, um die Diskrepanz zwischen Anspruch und Erfolg zu verringern.
Nalmefen – Wirksamkeit und praktische Anwendung
Authors: Reimer J. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungNalmefen (Selincro®) bietet eine neue Therapieoption für die Behandlung von Erwachsenen mit Alkoholabhängigkeit, deren Alkoholkonsum sich auf einem mindestens hohen Risikoniveau (> 60 g reiner Alkohol/Tag für Männer, > 40 g reiner Alkohol/Tag für Frauen) befindet; hier unterstützt Nalmefen Erkrankte bei der Reduktion ihres Alkoholkonsums. Nalmefen besitzt ein eigenständiges Wirkprofil am Opioidrezeptor und kann nach Bedarf eingenommen werden. Innerhalb von 1–3 h nach Einnahme flutet der Wirkstoff an und kann das Alkoholverlangen abmildern. Unter einer Therapie mit Nalmefen ist sowohl eine Reduktion der schweren Trinktage als auch der konsumierten Gesamtalkoholmenge zu erwarten – insbesondere bei Patienten mit mindestens Hochrisikokonsum oder fehlgeschlagenen Versuchen, die Trinkmenge ohne pharmakologische Unterstützung zu reduzieren. Nalmefen ist sicher und im Regelfall gut verträglich, allerdings können Schwindel und Übelkeit therapielimitierend sein. In Behandlung und Gesprächsführung haben sich Elemente von Kurzinterventionen und motivierender Gesprächsführung bewährt.
Prädiktion der Alzheimer-Demenz
Authors: Jessen F. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Prädiktion der Alzheimer-Demenz ist die Voraussetzung für indizierte Demenz-Prävention. Zu unterscheiden ist die Prädiktion im hausärztlichen Versorgungsbereich, der gekennzeichnet ist durch eine niedrige Prävalenz der Erkrankung und einen begrenzten Einsatz von apparativen Verfahren sowie die biomarkerbasierte Prädiktion im Expertensetting (z.B. Gedächtnisambulanz). Im hausärztlichen Versorgungsbereich können anhand einfach zu erhebender Parameter Patienten mit erhöhtem Demenzrisiko identifiziert werden. Allerdings werden keine hohen positiven prädiktiven Werte (PPW) erreicht. In spezialisierten Einrichtungen können aufgrund der höheren Prävalenz der Alzheimer-Krankheit und dem Einsatz von Biomarkern (Liquor, Bildgebung) eine deutlich höhere Vorhersage der Demenz, insbesondere bei Personen mit leichter kognitiver Störung (mild cognitive impairment, MCI) erreicht werden. Eine sichere Prädiktion der Alzheimer-Demenz bei einzelnen Individuen ist aber aufgrund von grenzwertigen oder widersprüchlichen Biomarkerbefunden nicht immer möglich.
When Busy Is Less Indulging: Impact of Busy Mindset on Self-Control Behaviors
Authors: Kim Jeehye Christine , Wadhwa Monica , Chattopadhyay Amitava 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn increasing number of consumers, in recent times, have reported feeling busier than ever. The current research examines how the subjective perception of busyness—which is referred to as a busy mindset in the current research —impacts consumers’ decision-making. Building on different streams of research in sociology and self-view, the current research proposes that a busy mindset bolsters people’s sense of self-importance, which, in turn, can increase self-control. Thus, a busy mindset is predicted to facilitate people’s ability to exert self-control. Seven studies, including a field study, provide support for this busy mindset hypothesis across various self-control domains. Findings from these studies provide support for the underlying process related to self-importance in multiple ways, while also addressing alternative accounts related to stress and the desire for productivity. Finally, findings from the current research delineate important managerially relevant boundary conditions for the proposed busy mindset effect.
The effect of liver enzymes on adiposity: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Jun Xi , Au Yeung Shiu Lun , Kwok Man Ki , Yan Leung June Yue , Lin Shi Lin , Hui Lai Ling , Leung Gabriel Matthew , Schooling C. Mary 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPoorer liver function is positively associated with diabetes in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Observationally, adiposity is associated with poorer liver function. To clarify the etiology, we assessed the association of liver function with adiposity observationally and using two sample MR for validation.In the “Children of 1997” birth cohort, we used multivariable linear regression to assess the associations of ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/L) at ∼17.5 years with body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2). Using MR, genetic variants predicting ALT, ALP and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) (100% change in concentration), were applied to genome-wide association studies of BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (standard deviations) to obtain unconfounded inverse-variance weighting estimates.Observationally, ALT was positively associated with BMI (0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09 to 0.11). ALP was inversely associated with BMI (−0.018, 95% CI −0.024 to −0.012). Using MR, ALT was inversely associated with BMI (−0.14, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.07), but not WC or WHR. ALP and GGT were unrelated to adiposity.Poorer liver function might not cause adiposity; instead higher ALT might reduce BMI. Whether ALT contributes to diabetes by reducing muscle mass, given the no association of ALT with WC or WHR, requires investigation.AbbreviationsALTalanine transaminaseALPalkaline phosphataseGGTgamma glutamyltransferaseNAFLDnonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseBMIbody mass indexWCwaist circumferenceWHRwaist-hip ratioT2DMtype 2 diabetes mellitusSEPsocioeconomic positionMRMendelian randomizatioSNPsingle nucleotide polymorphismsGWASgenome-wide association studyGIANTGenetic Investigation of ANthropometric TraitsGIANTUKB2018 GIANT and UK Biobank meta-analysisSDstandard deviationIVWinverse variance weightingWMweighted median
Statistical structure of locomotion and its modulation by odors
Authors: Tao Liangyu , Ozarkar Siddhi , Beck Jeff , Bhandawat Vikas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMost behaviors such as making tea are not stereotypical but have an obvious structure. However, analytical methods to objectively extract structure from non-stereotyped behaviors are immature. In this study, we analyze the locomotion of fruit flies and show that this non-stereotyped behavior is well-described by a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM). HHMM shows that a fly’s locomotion can be decomposed into a small number of locomotor features, and odors modulate locomotion by altering the time a fly spends performing different locomotor features. Importantly, although all flies in our dataset use the same set of locomotor features, individual flies vary considerably in how often they employ a given locomotor feature, and how this usage is modulated by odor. This variation is so large that the behavior of individual flies is best understood as being grouped into at least 3-5 distinct clusters, rather than variations around an average fly.