bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and characterization of bacterial nucleic acids in culture-negative synovial tissue and fluid samples from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Zhao Yan , Chen Bin , Li Shufeng , Yang Lanxiu , Zhu Dequan , Wang Ye , Wang Haiying , Wang Tao , Shi Bin , Gai Zhongtao , Yang Jun , Heng Xueyuan , Yang Junjie , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHuman intestinal microbes can mediate development of arthritis – Studies indicate that certain bacterial nucleic acids may exist in synovial fluid (SF) and could be involved in arthritis, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To characterize potential SF bacterial nucleic acids, we used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess bacterial nucleic acid communities in 15 synovial tissue (ST) and 110 SF samples from 125 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 16 ST and 42 SF samples from 58 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Our results showed an abundant diversity of bacterial nucleic acids in these clinical samples, including presence ofPorphyromonasandBacteroidesin all 183 samples.Agrobacterium,Comamonas,Kocuria,Meiothermus, andRhodoplaneswere more abundant in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (STRA).Atopobium,Phascolarctobacterium,Rhodotorula mucilaginosa,Bacteroides uniformis,Rothia,Megasphaera,Turicibacter,Leptotrichia,Haemophilus parainfluenzae,Bacteroides fragilis,Porphyromonas, andStreptococcuswere more abundant in synovial tissues of osteoarthritis (STOA).Veillonella dispar,Haemophilus parainfluenzae,Prevotella copriandTreponema amylovorumwere more abundant in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (SFRA), whileBacteroides caccaewas more abundant in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis (SFOA). Overall, this study confirms existence of bacterial nucleic acids in SF and ST samples of RA and OA lesions and reveals potential correlations with degree of disease.
Lath formation mechanisms and twinning as lath martensite substructures in an ultra low-carbon iron alloy
Authors: Ping D. H. , Guo S. Q. , Imura M. , Liu X. , Ohmura T. , Ohnuma M. , Lu X. , Abe T. , Onodera H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLath martensite is the dominant microstructural feature in quenched low-carbon Fe-C alloys. Its formation mechanism is not clear, despite extensive research. The microstructure of an Fe-0.05 C (wt.%) alloy water-quenched at various austenitizing temperatures has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy and a novel lath formation mechanism has been proposed. Body-centered cubic {112}〈111〉-type twin can be retained inside laths in the samples quenched at temperatures from 1050 °C to 1200 °C. The formation mechanism of laths with a twin substructure has been explained based on the twin structure as an initial product of martensitic transformation. A detailed detwinning mechanism in the auto-tempering process has also been discussed, because auto-tempering is inevitable during the quenching of low-carbon Fe-C alloys. The driving force for the detwinning is the instability of ω-Fe(C) particles, which are located only at the twinning boundary region. The twin boundary can move through the ω ↔ bcc transition in which the ω phase region represents the twin boundary.
Transfer and Integration of Breast Milk Stem Cells to the Brain of Suckling Pups
Authors: Aydın Mehmet Şerif , Yiğit Esra Nur , Vatandaşlar Emre , Erdoğan Ender , Öztürk Gürkan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBeside its unique nutritional content breast milk also contains live cells from the mother. Fate of these cells in the offspring has not been adequately described. In this study, we aimed to detect and identify maternal cells in the suckling’s blood and the brain. Green fluorescent protein expressing transgenic female mice (GFP+) were used as foster mothers to breastfeed wildtype newborn pups. One week and two months after the birth, blood samples and brains of the sucklings were analyzed to detect presence of GFP+ cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting, polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry on the brain sections and optically cleared brains. The tests confirmed that maternal cells were detectable in the blood and the brain of the pups and that they differentiated into both neuronal and glial cell types in the brain. This phenomenon represents breastfeeding – induced microchimerism in the brain with functional implications remain to be understood.
Static and active tactile perception and touch anisotropy: aging and gender effect
Authors: Abdouni A. , Moreau G. , Vargiolu R. , Zahouani H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough the human finger is the interface used for the touch process, very few studies have used its properties to provide a description of tactile perception regarding age and gender effects. Age and gender effects on the biophysical properties of the human finger were the main topics of our previous study. Correlating tactile perception with each parameter proved very complex. We expand on that work to assess the static and dynamic touch in addition to the touch gestures. We also investigate the age and gender effects on tactile perception by studying the finger size and the real contact area (static and dynamic) of forty human fingers of different ages and gender. The size of the finger and the real contact area (static and dynamic) define the density of the mechanoreceptors. This density is an image of the number of mechanoreceptors solicited and therefore of tactile perception (static and dynamic). In addition, the touch gestures used to perceive an object’s properties differ among people. Therefore, we seek to comprehend the tactile perception of different touch gestures due to the anisotropy of mechanical properties, and we study two different directions (top to bottom and left to right).
Bone morphogenetic protein signaling is required for RAD51-mediated maintenance of genome integrity in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Vattulainen-Collanus Sanna , Southwood Mark , Yang Xu Dong , Moore Stephen , Ghatpande Prajakta , Morrell Nicholas W. , Lagna Giorgio , Hata Akiko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe integrity of blood vessels is fundamental to vascular homeostasis. Inactivating mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor type II (BMPR2) gene cause hereditary vascular disorders, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, suggesting that BMPR2 and its downstream signaling pathway are pivotal to the maintenance of vascular integrity through an unknown molecular mechanism. Here we report that inactivation of BMPR2 in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells results in a deficit of RAD51, an enzyme essential for DNA repair and replication. Loss of RAD51, which causes DNA damage and cell death, is also detected in animal models and human patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Restoration of BMPR2 or activation of the BMP signaling pathway rescues RAD51 and prevents DNA damage. This is an unexpected role of BMP signaling in preventing the accumulation of DNA damage and the concomitant loss of endothelial integrity and vascular remodeling associated with vascular disorders.
Survey of local impacts of biofuel crop production and adoption of ethanol stoves in southern Africa
Authors: Gasparatos Alexandros , von Maltitz Graham P. , Johnson Francis X. , Romeu-Dalmau Carla , Jumbe Charles B. L. , Ochieng Caroline , Mudombi Shakespear , Balde Boubacar Siddighi , Luhanga Davies , Lopes Paulo , Nyambane Anne , Jarzebski Marcin P. , Willis Katherine J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe two datasets outlined in this paper contain information related to (a) the local impacts of biofuel feedstock production, and (b) the factors that influence the adoption and/or sustained use of ethanol stoves in southern Africa. The first dataset was generated through extensive household surveys around four operational jatropha and sugarcane production sites in Malawi, Mozambique, and Swaziland. This project aimed to examine the local impacts of the most prominent modes of existing or intended biofuel feedstock production in southern Africa. The resulting dataset contains information about impacts on rural livelihoods, ecosystem services, food security and poverty alleviation. The second dataset is the outcome of research into factors that influence the adoption and sustained use of ethanol stoves. This dataset was collected through a household survey in Maputo city where the only large-scale ethanol stove dissemination programme in Africa has been implemented.
Time-lapse confocal imaging datasets to assess structural and dynamic properties of subcellular nanostructures
Authors: Ferri Gianmarco , Digiacomo Luca , D’Autilia Francesca , Durso William , Caracciolo Giulio , Cardarelli Francesco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTime-lapse optical microscopy datasets from living cells can potentially afford an enormous amount of quantitative information on the relevant structural and dynamic properties of sub-cellular organelles/structures, provided that both the spatial and temporal dimensions are properly sampled during the experiment. Here we provide exemplary live-cell, time-lapse confocal imaging datasets corresponding to three sub-cellular structures of the endo-lysosomal pathway, i.e. early endosomes, late endosomes and lysosomes, along with detailed guidelines to produce analogous experiments. Validation of the datasets is conducted by means of established analytical tools to extract the structural and dynamic properties at the sub-cellular scale, such as Single Particle Tracking (SPT) and imaging derived Mean Square Displacement (iMSD) analyses. In our aim, the present work would help other researchers in the field to reuse the provided datasets for their own scopes, and to combine their creative approaches/analyses to similar acquisitions.
Accuracy of Smartphone Self-Hearing Test Applications Across Frequencies and Earphone Styles in Adults
Authors: Barczik Jessica , Serpanos Yula C. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate smartphone-based self-hearing test applications (apps) for accuracy in threshold assessment and validity in screening for hearing loss across frequencies and earphone transducer styles.

Method

Twenty-two adult participants (10 =
normal hearing
; 12 =
sensorineural hearing loss
;
n
= 44 ears) underwent conventional audiometry and performed 6 self-administered hearing tests using two iPhone-based apps (App 1 = uHear [Version 2.0.2, Unitron]; App 2 = uHearingTest [Version 1.0.3, WooFu Tech, LLC.]) each with 3 different transducers (earbud earphones, supra-aural headphones, circumaural headphones). Hearing sensitivity results using the smartphone apps across frequencies and transducers were compared with conventional audiometry.

Results

Differences in accuracy were revealed between the hearing test apps across frequencies and earphone styles. The uHear app using the iPhone standard EarPod earbud earphones was accurate to conventional thresholds (
p
> .002 with Bonferroni correction) at 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 Hz and found valid (81%–100% sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) for screening mild or greater hearing loss (> 25 dB HL) at 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 Hz. The uHearingTest app was accurate in threshold assessment and determined valid for screening mild or greater hearing loss (> 25 dB HL) using supra-aural headphones at 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz.

Conclusions
Self-hearing test apps can be accurate in hearing threshold assessment and screening for mild or greater hearing loss (> 25 dB HL) when using appropriate transducers. To ensure accuracy, manufacturers should specify earphone model instructions to users of smartphone-based self-hearing test apps.
Stability of planets in triple star systems
Authors: Busetti F. , Beust H. , Harley C. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Numerous theoretical studies of the stellar dynamics of triple systems have been carried out, but fewer purely empirical studies that have addressed planetary orbits within these systems. Most of these empirical studies have been for coplanar orbits and with a limited number of orbital parameters.
Aims. Our objective is to provide a more generalized empirical mapping of the regions of planetary stability in triples by considering both prograde and retrograde motion of planets and the outer star; investigating highly inclined orbits of the outer star; extending the parameters used to all relevant orbital elements of the triple’s stars and expanding these elements and mass ratios to wider ranges that will accommodate recent and possibly future observational discoveries.
Methods. Using N-body simulations, we integrated numerically the various four-body configurations over the parameter space, using a symplectic integrator designed specifically for the integration of hierarchical multiple stellar systems. The triples were then reduced to binaries and the integrations repeated to highlight the differences between these two types of system.
Results. This established the regions of secular stability and resulted in 24 semi-empirical models describing the stability bounds for planets in each type of triple orbital configuration. The results were then compared with the observational extremes discovered to date to identify regions that may contain undiscovered planets.
Moderate-intensity Arm-cranking Exercise may not Improve Arterial Function in Healthy Adult Men
Authors: Miura Hajime , Ishikawa Miduki , Deguchi Kenichi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEndurance exercises, such as cycling or running, are useful for improving arterial function. However, people suffering from partial paralysis or arthritis are unable to perform these kinds of lower-limb exercises. In the present study, we explored the acute effect of upper-arm exercise on arterial stiffness in healthy men. Fourteen healthy adult men performed two experimental trials. The order of experiments was randomized between a 30-min arm-cranking exercise at 50% V̇O2max (A-trial) and a 30-min leg-cycling exercise at 50% V̇O2max (C-trial). The brachial to ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), brachial systolic/diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were obtained with subjects in the supine position. The baseline hemodynamic values were not markedly different between the two trials. Compared with the baseline value, the baPWV was significantly reduced at 30 and 60 min after the C-trial. In the A-trial, however, there were no significant changes in the baPWV throughout the trial. These results indicate that acute 50% V̇O2max arm-cranking exercise induced relatively little change in the baPWV, which was the opposite of the finding observed with leg-cycling exercise. Therefore, in order to improve arterial function via aerobic upper-arm exercises, the exercise mode/intensity or other approaches should be considered.
Catecholamine-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Pheochromocytoma: How to Manage a Rare Complication in a Rare Disease?
Authors: Santos Jenn Rachelle U. , Brofferio Alessandra , Viana Bruna , Pacak Karel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PHEOs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors. Clinical manifestations include different cardiovascular signs and symptoms, which are related to excessive secretion of catecholamines. Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy in PHEO (CICMPP) is a rare but dreaded complication of PHEO. Once patient is diagnosed with this condition, the prognosis is worse and a surgical risk is much higher than expected. This article focuses on how catecholamines affect the heart and the pathophysiologic mechanism of CICMPP. The cardiovascular responses to catecholamine depend mostly on which catecholamine is released as well as the amount of catecholamine that is released. The acute release of norepinephrine and epinephrine from PHEO increases heart rate, systemic vascular resistance, myocardial contractility, and reduces venous compliance. The excessive adrenergic stimulation by catecholamine results in severe vasoconstriction and coronary vasospasm, myocardial ischemia, and subsequently damage, and necrosis. Chronically elevated catecholamine levels lead to significant desensitization of cardiac β-adrenoceptors. The increased levels of the enzyme β-adrenoceptors kinase (βARK) in the heart seems to mediate these biochemical and physiological changes that are consistently correlated with attenuated responsiveness to catecholamine stimulation. Through these mechanisms different types of cardiomyopathy (CMP) can be formed. This review discusses extensively the 3 types of cardiomyopathies that can be present in a PHEO patient. It also provides the clinical presentation and diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm in managing patients with CICMPP.
Intramedullary Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures Using CAGE-DR Implant
Authors: Rancy Schneider , Malliaris Stephanie , Bogner Eric , Wolfe Scott 
Published: September 2018

Purpose CAGE-DR implant is a novel Food and Drug Administration approved intramedullary fracture fixation device used for distal radius fractures. We examine a series of 22 patients and report the outcomes with this device.
Materials and Methods A total of 24 patients with distal radius fractures (8 articular AO type C1/C2; 16 extra-articular AO type A2/A3) underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using CAGE-DR implant by a single surgeon. Data including fracture type, angle of displacement, radiographic consolidation, grip strength, wrist range of motion (ROM), patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores were recorded at time of surgery and at standard follow-up.
Results All 24 patients underwent uneventful ORIF. At first follow-up visit (9 days), all patients had full digital ROM (measured as 0 cm tip-to-palm distance). Two patients were lost to follow-up. Eighteen of the remaining 22 patients had sufficient radiographic follow-up and all 18 demonstrated healing. At latest follow-up (mean 9.7 months, range, 3–20), VAS pain scores averaged 0.6 (range, 0–8) and PRWE averaged 12.1 (range, 0–53.5). Grip strength of the operated hand averaged 58 lbs (range, 20–130). ROM included: wrist flexion 73° (50–95), wrist extension 78° (60–110), pronation 77° (60–90), supination 79° (60–90), ulnar deviation 31° (5–45), and radial deviation 17° (10–30). Three patients underwent screw removal to prevent tendon irritation. One patient underwent hardware removal due to prominence on imaging but was asymptomatic. There were otherwise no major complications, including complex regional pain syndrome, in the series to date.
Conclusion The CAGE-DR fracture fixation system is a promising alternative to established methods of distal radius internal fixation. This series has a low reported pain score starting immediately postoperatively and a low complication rate. This novel device is a promising option for internal fixation of displaced distal radius fractures with a low complication profile.
Level of Evidence This is a level IV, therapeutic study.
Epigenetik - Vermittlung zwischen Anlage und Umwelt
Authors: Zerres K. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Erforschung der molekularen Ursachen psychischer Eigenschafen oder Erkrankungen ist schwierig. Trotz intensiver Forschung ist über deren molekulare Basis wenig bekannt. Es steht außer Frage, dass an der Entstehung eines spezifischen Phänotyp viele Faktoren beteiligt sind. Bisher galt, dass hierfür neben einer komplexen polygenen erblichen Basis exogene Einflussfaktoren verantwortlich sind. Die Schwierigkeit, die verantwortlichen Gene zu identifizieren aber auch Hinweise für die Weitergabe erworbener Zustände der Genregulation haben die Epigenetik in den letzen Jahren zu einem zentralen Forschungsgegenstand werden lassen. Das faszinierende Gebiet der Epigenetik beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse von Veränderungen von Phänotypen, die nicht Ergebnis von Veränderungen der DNA-Sequenz sind. Stattdessen können andere Faktoren wie Umwelteinflüsse die Expression spezieller Gene beeinflussen und Prozesse wie Entwicklung, Verhalten und Krankheitsmechanismen beeinflussen. Epigenetische Veränderungen können als eine Art Speichermedium über längere Zeit, unter Umständen über mehrere Generationen hinweg als sog. Transgenerationeneffekte wirksam werden.
Informatics – electronic diagnostics and therapy
Authors: Noakes P. , Byrne P. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryMental health professionals did not ask for it, but the proliferation of health informatics and the integration of connectivity into our daily lives will facilitate and improve mental health outcomes – provided change is clinician-driven. To date, no one informatics system achieved dominance and there is no consensus about how to proceed. Key systems’ components are identified. There are multiple technical, clinical, ethical and financial considerations that have delayed the routine use of these systems even in highly developed health services. Several interacting systems are discussed across general medical and mental health services. Informatics can assist with the diagnosis of some mental health conditions (anxiety, mood and substance misuse disorders), and a balance needs to be struck between excessive self-diagnoses and empowered patients. Allied systems, for example telemedicine, can assist clinicians in physical and many mental health disorders, but less so, severe enduring mental illness. Computerised therapies have a growing evidence base but may not suit every patient and all disorders. Once electronic databases are established across psychiatry, they will be used outside the clinical arena to pursue diverse research and economic agendae, with other uses as yet undefined. We conclude by speculating on possible future developments.
Refugees and asylum seekers in Europe
Authors: Kastrup M. C. , Schouler-Ocak M. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: European countries are the main receiving countries of immigrants such as refugees and asylum seekers belonging to ethnic minority groups due to a global increase in social and political instability as well as socio-economic conflicts. Both the number of ethnic minority groups and the number of people with mental disorders are therefore growing significantly. The current healthcare services are not prepared for this specific population of mentally ill immigrants or ethnic minority groups. Mental health care for immigrant patients is lacking in cultural competence and legislation related to access to and utilisation of health services varies from country to country. Aim: This article attempts to give an overview of the current mental health situation of ethnic minority groups, especially refugees and asylum seekers, in Europe.