bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Report of Slug Ingestion Causing Eosinophilic Meningitis, Papilledema, and Pronounced Motor Weakness in a US Marine
Authors: Widder Jared R , Fallah Shamis , Mondzelewski Todd J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Angiostrongyliasis is the most common cause of eosinophilic meningitis worldwide and is primarily characterized by eosinophilic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or myelitis. It is caused by ingestion of the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm (or apple snail). The most common route of infection is by ingestion of parts of the intermediate hosts like mollusks or food contaminated with infective third stage larvae. Following ingestion, the larvae migrate through the intestinal walls into the bloodstream and further into the central nervous system where they cause meningo-encephalo-myelitis and can have a variety of ocular manifestations. We present a case of a Caucasian United States Marine who suffered severe meningo-encephalo-myelitis with papilledema following ingestion of a raw Giant African Snail (Lissachatina lutica) while stationed in Japan. He developed eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, polyneuropathy, motor weakness, and papilledema. We describe the unique clinical features of this disease in our patient.
The clustering of undetected high-redshift black holes and their signatures in cosmic backgrounds
Authors: Ricarte Angelo , Pacucci Fabio , Cappelluti Nico , Natarajan Priyamvada 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
There exist hitherto unexplained fluctuations in the cosmic infrared background on arcminute scales and larger. These have been shown to cross-correlate with the cosmic X-ray background, leading several authors to attribute the excess to a high-redshift growing black hole population. In order to investigate potential sources that could explain this excess, in this paper, we develop a new framework to compute the power spectrum of undetected sources that do not have constant flux as a function of halo mass. In this formulation, we combine a semi-analytic model for black hole growth and their simulated spectra from hydrodynamical simulations. Revisiting the possible contribution of a high-redshift black hole population, we find that too much black hole growth is required at early epochs for z &gt; 6 accretion to explain these fluctuations. Examining a population of accreting black holes at more moderate redshifts, z ∼ 2–3, we find that such models produce a poor fit to the observed fluctuations while simultaneously overproducing the local black hole mass density. Additionally, we rule out the hypothesis of a missing Galactic foreground of warm dust that produces coherent fluctuations in the X-ray via reflection of Galactic X-ray binary emission. Although we firmly rule out accreting massive black holes as the source of these missing fluctuations, additional studies will be required to determine their origin.
Emission-line properties of the most luminous AGNs in massive galaxies at intermediate redshifts
Authors: Kauffmann Guinevere , Maraston Claudia 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We have analysed the emission-line properties of 6019 Type II active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at redshifts in the range 0.4–0.8 with [O iii] luminosities greater than $3 \times 10^8 \, \mathrm{L}_{\odot }$, characteristic of the Type II quasars first identified in population studies by Zakamska et al. The AGNs are drawn from the CMASS sample of galaxies with stellar masses greater than $10^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ that were studied as part of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) and comprise 0.5 per cent of the total population of these galaxies. Individual spectra have low S/N, so the analysis is carried out on stacked spectra in bins of [O iii] luminosity and estimated stellar age. The emission line ratios of the stacks are well fit with simple uniform-density photoionization models with metallicities between solar and twice solar. In the stacks, a number of emission lines are found to have distinct broad components requiring a double Gaussian rather than a single Gaussian fit, indicative of outflowing ionized gas. These are: [O iii] λ4959, [O iii] λ5007, [O ii] λ3727,3729, and H αλ6563. Higher ionization lines such as [Ne iii] λ3869 and [Ne v] λ3345 are detected in the stacks, but are well fit by single Gaussians. The broad components typically contain a third of the total line flux and have widths of 600 km s−1 for the oxygen lines and 900 km s−1 for H α. The fraction of the flux in the broad component and its width are independent of [O iii] luminosity, stellar age, radio, and mid-IR luminosity. The stellar mass of the galaxy is the only parameter we could identify that influences the width of the broad line component.
High Density Reflection Spectroscopy – II. The density of the inner black hole accretion disc in AGN
Authors: Jiang Jiachen , Fabian Andrew C , Dauser Thomas , Gallo Luigi , García Javier A , Kara Erin , Parker Michael L , Tomsick John A , Walton Dominic J , Reynolds Christopher S 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a high density disc reflection spectral analysis of a sample of 17 Seyfert 1 galaxies to study the inner disc densities at different black hole mass scales and accretion rates. All the available XMM–Newton observations in the archive are used. OM observations in the optical/UV band are used to estimate their accretion rates. We find that 65 per cent of sources in our sample show a disc density significantly higher than ne = 1015 cm−3, which was assumed in previous reflection-based spectral analyses. The best-fitting disc densities show an anticorrelation with black hole mass and mass accretion rate. High density disc reflection model can successfully explain the soft excess emission and significantly reduce inferred iron abundances. We also compare our black hole spin and disc inclination angle measurements with previous analyses.
X-ray properties of z &gt; 4 blazars
Authors: Ighina L , Caccianiga A , Moretti A , Belladitta S , Della Ceca R , Ballo L , Dallacasa D 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the X-ray analysis of the largest flux-limited complete sample of blazar candidates at z &gt; 4 selected from the Cosmic Lens All Sky Survey (CLASS). After obtaining a nearly complete (24/25) X-ray coverage of the sample (from Swift-XRT, XMM–Newton, and Chandra), we analysed the spectra in order to identify the bona fide blazars. We classified the sources based on the shape of their Spectral Energy Distributions and, in particular, on the flatness of the X-ray emission and its intensity compared to the optical one. We then compared these high-z blazars with a blazar sample selected at lower redshifts ($\bar{z}\sim 1$). We found a significant difference in the X-ray-to-radio luminosity ratios, with the CLASS blazars having a mean ratio 2.4 ± 0.5 times larger than low-z blazars. We tentatively interpret this evolution as due to the interaction of the electrons of the jet with the Cosmic Microwave Background photons, which is expected to boost the observed X-ray emission at high redshifts. Such a dependence has been already observed in highly radio loud AGNs in the recent literature. This is the first time it is observed using a statistically complete radio flux limited sample of blazars. We have then evaluated whether this effect could explain the differences in the cosmological evolution recently found between radio and X-ray selected samples of blazars. We found that the simple version of this model is not able to solve the tension between the two evolutionary results.
The impact of magnetic fields on cold streams feeding galaxies
Authors: Berlok Thomas , Pfrommer Christoph 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
High-redshift, massive haloes are observed to have sustained high star formation rates, which require that the amount of cold gas in the halo is continuously replenished. The cooling time-scale for the hot virialized halo gas is too long to provide the source of cold gas. Supersonic, cold streams have been invoked as a mechanism for feeding massive haloes at high redshift and delivering the cold gas required for continued star formation at the rates observed. This mechanism for replenishing the cold gas reservoir is motivated by some cosmological simulations. However, the cold streams are likely to be subject to the supersonic version of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI), which eventually leads to stream disruption. Cosmological simulations have yet to obtain the spatial resolution required for understanding the detailed stability properties of cold streams. In this paper, we consider instead an idealized model of magnetized cold streams that we spatially resolve. Using linear theory, we show how magnetic fields with dynamically important field strengths do not inhibit the KHI but rather enhance its growth rate. We perform non-linear simulations of magnetized stream disruption and find that magnetic fields can nevertheless increase stream survival times by suppressing the mixing rate of cold gas with the circumgalactic medium. We find that magnetic fields can allow streams to survive ∼2–8 times longer and, consequently, that streams ∼2–8 times thinner can reach the central galaxy if the magnetic field strength is $\sim 0.3\rm {-}0.8 \, \mu$G.
WASP-169, WASP-171, WASP-175, and WASP-182: three hot Jupiters and one bloated sub-Saturn mass planet discovered by WASP-South
Authors: Nielsen L D , Bouchy F , Turner O D , Anderson D R , Barkaoui K , Benkhaldoun Z , Burdanov A , Cameron A Collier , Delrez L , Gillon M , Ducrot E , Hellier C , Jehin E , Lendl M , Maxted P F L , Pepe F , Pollacco D , Pozuelos F J , Queloz D , Ségransan D , Smalley B , Triaud A H M J , Udry S , West R G 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe present the discovery of four new giant planets from the Wide Angle Search for Planets-South (WASP-South), three hot Jupiters and one bloated sub-Saturn mass planet: WASP-169b, WASP-171b, WASP-175b, and WASP-182b. Besides the discovery photometry from WASP-South we use radial velocity measurements from CORALIE and HARPS and follow-up photometry from EulerCam, TRAPPIST-North and -South, and SPECULOOS. WASP-169b is a low-density Jupiter ($M=0.561 \pm 0.061\,{M_{\rm Jup}},\ R=1.304^{+0.150}_{-0.073}\,{R_{\rm Jup}}$) orbiting a V = 12.17 F8 subgiant in a 5.611 d orbit. WASP-171b is a typical hot Jupiter ($M=1.084 \pm 0.094\,{M_{\rm Jup}},\ R=0.98^{+0.07}_{-0.04}\,{R_{\rm Jup}}$, P = 3.82 d) around a V = 13.05 G0 star. We find a linear drift in the radial velocities of WASP-171 spanning 3.5 yr, indicating the possibility of an additional outer planet or stellar companion. WASP-175b is an inflated hot Jupiter (M = 0.99 ± 0.13 MJup, R = 1.208 ± 0.081 RJup, P = 3.07 d) around a V = 12.04 F7 star, which possibly is part of a binary system with a star 7.9 arcsec away. WASP-182b is a bloated sub-Saturn mass planet (M = 0.148 ± 0.011 MJup, R = 0.850 ± 0.030 RJup) around a metal-rich V = 11.98 G5 star ([Fe/H] = 0.27 ± 0.11). With an orbital period of P = 3.377 d, it sits right in the apex of the sub-Jovian desert, bordering the upper and lower edge of the desert in both the mass–period and radius–period plane. WASP-169b, WASP-175b, and WASP-182b are promising targets for atmospheric characterization through transmission spectroscopy, with expected transmission signals of 121, 150, and 264 ppm, respectively.
Retracted: Diffuse midline glioma with H3 K27M mutation: a comparison integrating the clinical, radiological, and molecular features between adult and pediatric patients
Authors: Jiang Haihui , Yang Kaiyuan , Ren Xiaohui , Cui Yong , Li Mingxiao , Lei Yifei , Lin Song 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3 K27M mutant, occurs in both adult and pediatric populations. The characteristics of the 2 DMG groups were systematically explored in this study.

Methods
H3 K27M–mutant DMG was diagnosed in 116 patients at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from May 2016 to December 2018 who were included in our study. Patients were classified into an adult group (n = 57; 49.1%) and a pediatric group (n = 59; 50.9%). Clinical, radiological, and molecular features were compared between the groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors.

Results
Compared with the adult group, pediatric patients had a younger age (8.9 ± 4.1 y vs 35.1 ± 11.8 y, P &lt; 0.001), a lower preoperative Karnofsky performance scale score (62.9 ± 15.5 vs 72.1 ± 16.5, P = 0.004), a lower rate of total resection (5.7% vs 26.8%, P = 0.009), a larger tumor size (4.4 ± 0.9 vs 3.9 ± 1.5 cm, P = 0.045), a higher Ki-67 index (63.0% vs 37.8%, P = 0.047), and higher rates of postoperative cranial nerve palsy (61.0% vs 36.8%, P = 0.009) and ataxia (45.8% vs 26.3%, P = 0.029). Adult DMG was located predominantly in the thalamus, while the predilection site for pediatric DMG was brainstem (P &lt; 0.001). Kaplan–Meier plot showed that the median survival of adult and pediatric DMG was 16.0 (9.7–22.3) months and 10.0 (8.3–11.7) months, respectively, which imparted a significant difference (P = 0.008). Age at diagnosis, radiotherapy, and motor deficit were confirmed as independent prognostic factors according to the multivariate analysis (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Compared with adult patients, children with H3 K27M–mutant DMG confer distinct clinical, radiological, and molecular characteristics and have a dismal prognosis. Radiotherapy is an independent factor associated with prolonged survival.
Aerial Release of Norway Spruce with Roundup in the Central Appalachians
Authors: Wendel George W. , Kochenderfer James N. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Restrictions on use of 2,4,5- T have created a need for herbicides that can be used for conifer release. Seven-year-old Norway spruce was released from competing vegetation with aerially applied Roundup. A wide spectrum of competing species were controlled and most hardwoods did not resprout during the 2-year evaluation period following treatment. Norway spruce appeared to respond to treatment and suffered negligible damage. Roundup as applied in this study appears to be a safe, effective herbicide that can be used to release Norway spruce. North. J. Appl. For. 2:29-32, June 1984.
Statistical Appraisal of Timber with an Application to the Chequamegon National Forest
Authors: Buongiorno Joseph , Young Timothy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A statistical method of appraising timber is presented. It consists of predicting the high bid of a particular timber offering under competitive conditions and adjusting this value to reflect uncertainty and the goals of the selling agency. Using data from the Chequamegon National Forest in northern Wisconsin, it was found that a simple linear model using 14 variables explained 93% of the variance in high bid for competitive sales from 1976 to 1980. This model predicted well post-sample high bids for 1981 and 1982. Based on this model, three possible definitions of appraised value were investigated: (1) predicted high bid, (2) predicted high bid minus one standard error, and (3) predicted high bid minus two standard errors. The consequences of each definition on timber sales, had it been applied in 1981 and 1982, were examined. Definitions (1) and (2) would have increased receipts by 28 and 5%, while decreasing the volume sold by only 5 and 3.6 %, respectively. Definition (3) would have led to the sale of approximately the same volume, but a decrease in receipts of 26%. North. J. Appl. For. 1:72-76, Dec. 1984.
Multiple-Resource Modeling—Lake States' Application
Authors: Ffolliott Peter F. , Brooks Kenneth N. , Guertin D. Philip 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Forest managers in the Lake States need to evaluate multiple-resource relationships. In response to this need, a framework called INTERIM was developed. It links models of individual resource components and is capable of predicting responses to certain forest management activities in the Lake States. A modular framework was used so that components could be included, deleted, or modified as needed. INTERIM links tree growth with understory cover, white-tailed deer habitat, and nongame-bird diversity index. The effects of forest management on water yield and annual snowmelt peak runoff can also be estimated. This is one of the first attempts in the Lake States to link components that can estimate production relationships for different land management options. The result is a useful tool for identifying research needed to develop a comprehensive and practical multiple-resource model. North J. Appl. For. 1:80-84, Dec. 1984.
Some New Equations and Constraints Useful in Analysis of Serial Repayment or Investment
Authors: Grosenbaugh Lewis R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Initial value of the sum of a series of equal payments of R dollars at equal time intervals is V and terminal value is W. It is desired to find total number (N) of such payments and rate of effective periodic compound interest (P) implied by R, V, W under a specified protocol relating start and end of a contract (e.g., a debt repayment, annuity, or lease) to times of first and last payments. Two new equations are derived, completing the set of five needed to solve for any unknown, given any three of the remaining variables and an appropriate protocol. A list of implied constraints has been provided to facilitate early detection of invalid values assigned to trios of "known" variables and to help ensure that required guesses at value of unknowns do not violate implied limits. Erroneous and correct relationships between periodic rate (P) and annual percentage rate (APR) are compared. North. J. Appl. For. 11(2):58-62.
Integrating Multiple-Ownership Forest Data Using a GIS
Authors: Queen Lloyd , Arthaud Greg 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The condition and use of adjacent lands is becoming increasingly important as more and more organizations manage with multiple-use objectives in mind. Yet differences in ownership, thus in data collection and compilation, on adjacent lands results in considerable difficulty in attempting to compile consistent data for an area extending onto multiple ownerships. This paper illustrates how forest stand data was spatially integrated for an area containing federal, state, county, and private lands. Problems overcome with this approach included differences in minimum stand sizes, stand labeling schemes, georeferencing, forest stand definitions, and completeness of data. Strategies were developed and applied in order to generate a seamless forest stand thematic layer in a geographic information system (GIS). North. J. Appl. For. 11(3):73-79.
Pollen Contamination Evaluation on a Proposed Eastern Larch Seed Orchard Site
Authors: Caron Guy-É 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pollen monitoring was conducted in 1988 and 1989 in an open field in Ste. Anne de Madawaska (N.B., Canada) proposed for the establishment of an eastern larch clonal seed orchard. Eastern larch is a common species in the area, and a stand is located adjacent to the study site. The objective of the study was to evaluate the level of pollen originating from the adjacent stand and from more distant stands. Pollen traps were established along a transect downwind to the stand and monitored daily. Pollen catch in 1989 was 2.7 times less than in 1988. Pollen catch downwind from the stand was described according to three phases. Early in the study, pollen catch originated only from the stands; then, increased numbers of pollen originated from other sources; finally, pollen catch was only from other sources. Pollen from the stand represented about 5-10% of larch pollen catch in both 1988 and 1989, and the remaining originated from more distant sources. Removal of the stand would have had little impact on total pollen influx on to the proposed orchard site. North. J. Appl. For. 11(4):124-130.
Early Height Growth and Site Index for Planted Red Pine in North Central Ontario
Authors: Carmean William H. , Thrower James S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Height-growth, site-index curves, and growth intercepts were developed from internode and stem-analysis data using dominant trees in 25 plots located in red pine plantations aged 26 to 37 yr. Height-growth curves were based on breast-height age because growth below breast height (1.3 m) was slow and erratic. Growth intercepts using the first three to five internodes above 1.5 m gave the best estimates of site index (dominant height at 20 yr breast-height age)for trees that were between 3 and 5 yr breast-height age; site-index estimation equations gave the best estimates for trees older than 10 yr breast-height age. These computed height-growth curves and growth intercepts and observed site index in north central Ontario were similar to other regions. The excellent growth observed in this study suggests that red pine should be given greater emphasis in future reforestation programs in north central Ontario. North. J. Appl. For. 12(1): 23-29.
Effects of Fire Intensity on Competitive Dynamics Between Red and Black Oaks and Mountain Laurel
Authors: Moser W. Keith , Ducey Mark J. , Ashton P. Mark S. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We investigated the competitive response of oak and mountain laurel to prescribed fire on two sites in northeastern Connecticut. After nearly a decade, the competitive position of oak on moderately burned portions of both sites was little better, and in some respects worse, than on adjacent unburned controls. However, on portions of both sites where fire had killed much of the overstory, oak regrowth was vigorous and had escaped the dense mountain laurel layer. The results suggest that light understory fires alone are not sufficient for oak regeneration, and that prescribed fire should be used only as part of an integrated strategy involving harvesting of the overstory. Ecologically, the results point to the importance of severe disturbances in maintaining the structure and function of oak ecosystems. North. J. Appl. For. 13(3):119-123.
Field Evaluation of the IPL VacuSpout for Maple Sap Collection
Authors: Staats Lewis J. , Kelley John W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
During the 1991 and 1992 maple syrup production seasons a recently developed maple sap spout of unique design was evaluated at Cornell University's Uihlein Sugar Maple Research/Extension Field Station near Lake Placid, New York. The performance of the IPL Inc. VacuSpout was compared to that of a conventional spout under field conditions. The difference in performance of the two spouts was not statistically significant interms of sap volume yield or sap sugar concentration. The closure of tapholes following use of the VacuSpout was found to occur in less time than was the case with the conventional spile. Early closure of tapholes is beneficial to the productivity and long-term operation of a sugarbush. Use of the VacuSpout may have other practical advantages for maple producers. North. J. Appl. For. 13(4):171-174.
West Virginia Tree Farmers and Consulting Foresters: A Comparison of Views on Timber Harvesting
Authors: Egan Andrew F. , Rowe John , Peterson Dan , Philippi Grover 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A mail survey sought the responses of West Virginia Tree Farmers and consulting foresters to questions related to timber harvesting. The intent was to examine the attitudinal similarities and differences between citizens who own forestland and are predisposed to forest management and the forestry professionals often charged with assisting with the management of these resources. Results of contingency table analysis indicated agreement between landowners and foresters on general harvesting philosophies and objectives, but disagreement on specific logging outcomes and environmental effects. The possibility of significant differences between landowners and foresters on issues such as banning clearcutting and the effects of logging on the forest environment indicates a need for efforts to educate not only landowners about forest practices, but also foresters about landowner objectives and attitudes. North. J. Appl. For. 14(1):16-19.