bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-organized patterning of peristaltic waves by suppressive actions in a developing gut
Authors: Kawamura Koji , Kato Soichiro , Utsunomiya Shota , Takahashi Yoshiko , Inaba Masafumi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGut peristalsis is a wave-like movement of a local contraction along the gut, and plays important roles in nutrient digestion and absorption. When peristaltic waves emerge in embryonic guts, randomly distributed origins of peristaltic waves (OPWs) become progressively confined to specific sites. We have investigated how this random-to-organized positioning is achieved using the caecum as a model in chicken embryos. While prominent OPWs, recognized as active (spontaneous) contractions, are located at endpoints of the intact caecum, other regions are also found to possess latent rhythm unveiled by fragmentation of a caecum into pieces, showing that the latent rhythm is normally suppressed in the intact gut. Analyses with caecum fragments demonstrate that the latent rhythm is spatially patterned in an early gut, to which negative impact by primitive passing waves contributes; the more passing waves a region experiences to undergo forced/passive contractions, the slower latent rhythm this region acquires. This patterned latent rhythm underlies the final positioning of OPWs at later stages, where a site with faster latent rhythm dominates neighboring slower rhythm, surviving as a “winner” by macroscopic lateral inhibition. Thus, the random-to-organized patterning of OPWs proceeds by self-organization within the caecum, in which two distinct mechanisms, at least, are employed; suppressive actions by primitive waves followed by macroscopic lateral inhibition.
Neural networks simulating short-term memory of two inputs with varying commonality
Authors: Raman Eric , Shupe Larry , Eaton Ryan , Fetz Eberhard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe activity and connectivity of neurons in the primate brain underlying behavior cannot yet be completely specified, but neural networks provide complete models of the connectivity and activity that performs specific tasks and provide insight into the neural computations performed by the primate brain (Fetz and Shupe 2003).Studies of neurons in the monkey cortex have shown that short-term memory of sensory events may be mediated by sustained neural activity. Short-term memory tasks have been modeled with dynamic neural networks using a single continuous variable and a gate input to create a sample-and-hold (SAH) function (Zipser 1991; Maier 2003). Networks trained to perform these short-term memory tasks develop hidden unit activity which resembles that of cortical neurons in monkeys performing memory tasks.We here extend the investigation of single-input SAH networks to networks computing SAH for two continuous-variable inputs that have varying degrees of common mode signal. Results provide insights into computational mechanisms of associative short-term memory of sensory signals with common mode components, such as visual inputs to the two eyes, auditory inputs to the ears and proprioceptive input from multiple muscle spindle afferents.We also examined the attractor states that these SAH networks eventually reach after sufficiently long delay periods and found that these were determined by the shapes of the input-output functions of the hidden units rather than network architecture.
RNA-Stabilized Coat Proteins for Sensitive and Simultaneous Imaging of Distinct Single mRNAs in Live Cells
Authors: Kuffner Christopher J. , Marzilli Alexander M. , Ngo John T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRNA localization and regulation are critical for cellular function, yet many live RNA imaging tools suffer from limited sensitivity due to background emissions from unbound probes. Here, we introduce conditionally stable variants of MS2 and PP7 coat proteins (which we name dMCP and dPCP) designed to decrease background in live-cell RNA imaging. Using a protein engineering approach that combines circular permutation and degron masking, we generated dMCP and dPCP variants that rapidly degrade except when bound to cognate RNA ligands. These enhancements enabled the sensitive visualization of single mRNA molecules undergoing differential regulation within various sub-compartments of live cells. We further demonstrate dual-color imaging with orthogonal MS2 and PP7 motifs, allowing simultaneous low-background visualization of distinct RNA species within the same cell. Overall, this work provides versatile, low-background probes for RNA imaging, which should have broad utility in the imaging and biotechnological utilization of MS2- and PP7-containing RNAs.
Soma-centered control of synaptic autophagy by Rab39-regulated anterograde trafficking of Atg9
Authors: Kilic Ayse , Vandekerkhove Dirk , Kuenen Sabine , Swerts Jef , Muñoz Pedrazo Esther , Calatayud Aristoy Carles , Escamilla Ayala Abril , Corthout Nikky , Hernández Varas Pablo , Plaisance Stephane , Nachman Eliana , Uytterhoeven Valerie , Verstreken Patrik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPresynaptic terminals can be located far from the neuronal cell body and are thought to independently regulate protein and organelle turnover. In this work, we report a soma-centered mechanism that regulates autophagy-driven protein turnover at distant presynaptic terminals inDrosophila. We show that this system is regulated by Rab39, whose human homolog is mutated in Parkinson’s disease. Although Rab39 is localized in the soma, its loss of function causes increased autophagy at presynaptic terminals, resulting in faster synaptic protein turnover and neurodegeneration. Using a large-scale unbiased genetic modifier screen, we identified genes encoding cytoskeletal and axonal organizing proteins, includingShortstop(Shot), as suppressors of synaptic autophagy. We demonstrate that Rab39 controls Shot-and Unc104/KIF1a-mediated transport of autophagy-related Atg9 vesicles to synapses. Under starvation conditions, Rab39 in the soma shifts its localization from endosomes to lysosomes, thereby controlling the availability of Atg9 vesicles for trafficking to synapses. Our findings indicate that Rab39-mediated trafficking in the soma orchestrates a cross-compartmental mechanism that regulates the abundance of autophagy at synapses.
Nanoparticles loaded with a CSF1R antagonist selectively depletes microglial cells and modulates inflammation in spinal cord injury
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Ucakar Bernard , Vanvarenberg Kevin , Malfanti Alessio , des Rieux Anne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeuroinflammation is a principal event occurring after spinal cord injury (SCI). M1-like microglia are key players in the inflammatory response after injury. We hypothesize that the depletion of this microglia subtype would result in a more pro-resolutive environment, favorable to SCI repair. The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) antagonist PLX5622 has been used to deplete microglia in the central nervous system. Although PLX5622 can freely cross the blood-brain barrier after systemic administration, the low drug concentration within the SCI site hampers its effectiveness. Additionally, systemic administration of PLX5622 in the scope of SCI treatment can induce side effects due to off-target accumulation. In this study, we specifically depleted M1- like microglia by designing polymeric nanoparticles loaded with PLX5622 (PLX NPs) to locally treat spinal cord contusion. PLX NP was prepared using a microfluidic-assisted approach showing high encapsulation efficiency (approx. 84%), nanosized dimensions (100 nm), and batch-to-batch reproducibility. PLX NP displayed selective activity in depleting M1-like microglial cells in both resting and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mixed microglial cell models compared with the free drug counterparts while preserving non-targeted glial cells. Furthermore, locally administered PLX NP downregulated proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), increasing the M2/M1-like microglia ratio, thus reducing inflammation in a SCI contusion model. Our data support the hypothesis that local treatment with PLX NPs, a formulation with a high translational value, reduces neuroinflammation, with potential applications in SCI and central nervous system inflammatory diseases.Graphical abstract.The colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) antagonist PLX5622 loaded in polymeric nanoparticles (PLX NP) is delivered for the treatment of neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury.
Finding a path: Local search behavior ofDrosophilalarvae
Authors: Kromp Jessica , Triphan Tilman , Thum Andreas S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrientation and navigation are essential features of animals living in changing environments. Typically, animals integrate a variety of allothetic and idiothetic cues to achieve their navigational goals. Allothetic cues, such as visual or chemical landmarks from the environment, provide an external frame of reference. In contrast, idiothetic cues are based on internal proprioceptive feedback and internal copies of motor commands.WhenDrosophilalarvae are exposed briefly to a Teflon container holding a food stimulus, they show a characteristic behavior as soon as the container is removed: They briefly crawl away from the detected resource, remain in its vicinity and then return to the area where they experienced the earlier stimulus. We quantified this behavior with respect to the chemosensory nature of the stimulus, starvation time of the larvae, and agarose concentration of the test plate substrate. We conclude that this behavior represents a centered local search. Furthermore, we exclude various external stimuli (vision and taste), which suggests that possibly idiothetic as opposed to allothetic cues have a stronger influence on the larval local search behavior.In the long term, this behavioral description will enable us to gain insights into the comparability of larval foraging strategies. We also want to investigate whether, despite the simpler organization of the larval brain and the alleged lack of a central complex, a brain region that is important for orientation and navigation in adult Drosophila and other insects, there are common solutions for the brain circuits underlying search behavior.
Multi-modal refinement of the human heart atlas during the first gestational trimester
Authors: De Bono Christopher , Xu Yichi , Kausar Samina , Herbane Marine , Humbert Camille , Rafatov Sevda , Missirian Chantal , Moreno Mathias , Shi Weiyang , Gitton Yorick , Lombardini Alberto , Vanzetta Ivo , Mazaud-Guittot Séverine , Chédotal Alain , Baudot Anaïs , Zaffran Stéphane , Etchevers Heather C. 
Published: November 2024

1.AbstractForty first-trimester human hearts were studied to lay groundwork for further studies of principles underlying congenital heart defects. We first sampled 49,227 cardiac nuclei from three fetuses at 8.6, 9.0, and 10.7 post-conceptional weeks (pcw) for single-nucleus RNA sequencing, enabling distinction of six classes comprising 21 cell types. Improved resolution led to identification of novel cardiomyocytes and minority autonomic and lymphatic endothelial transcriptomes, among others. After integration with 5-7 pcw heart single-cell RNAseq, we identified a human cardiomyofibroblast progenitor preceding diversification of cardiomyocyte and stromal lineages. Analysis of six Visium sections from two additional hearts was aided by deconvolution, and key spatial markers validated on sectioned and whole hearts in two- and three-dimensional space and over time. Altogether, anatomical-positional features including innervation, conduction and subdomains of the atrioventricular septum translate latent molecular identity into specialized cardiac functions. This atlas adds unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution to the characterization of human-specific aspects of early heart formation.
Effective targeting of CD19 positive primary B-ALL cells using CAR-NK cells generated with mRNA-LNPs
Authors: Salehi-Shadkami Hossein , Sedghi Mosslim , Tavoosi Shima , Alimohammadi Masoumeh , Alimohammadi Reza , Barkhordar Maryam , Mofayezi Ahmadreza , Modaresi Mohammad Sadra , Vaezi Mohammad , Dehghanizadeh Somaye , Ahmadvand Mohammad , Khoddami Vahid 
Published: November 2024

1.AbstractChimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy is recognized as a promising modality for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, particularly B-cell malignancies. In this study, we developed “off-the-shelf” anti-CD19 CAR-NK cells using anti-CD19 CAR mRNAs formulated in proprietary ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The efficiency of mRNA-LNP delivery into umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived NK cells and primary T cells was evaluated in an in-vitro setting, demonstrating superior delivery efficiency in NK cells. Further investigation showed a probable role for an endocytic mechanism, macropinocytosis, in efficient transfection of NK cells with LNPs. Nevertheless, CAR-NK cells generated through this mRNA-LNP platform exhibited significantly enhanced cytotoxicity against CD19+target cells, such as EGFP+Raji stable cell line and primary malignant B cells derived from refractory/relapsed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients. These findings highlight the promise of the mRNA-LNP platform in advancing CAR-NK therapies against B-cell malignancies.
Lewy-MSA hybrid fold drives distinct neuronal α-synuclein pathology
Authors: Enomoto Masahiro , Martinez-Valbuena Ivan , Forrest Shelley L. , Xu Xiaoxiao , Munhoz Renato P. , Li Jun , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Lang Anthony E. , Kovacs Gabor G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe ordered assembly of α-synuclein protein into filaments encoded by SNCA characterizes neurodegenerative diseases called synucleinopathies. Lewy body disease (LBD) shows predominantly neuronal α-synuclein pathology and multiple system atrophy (MSA) predominantly oligodendrocytic α-synuclein pathology affecting subcortical brain structures. Based on cryo-electron microscopy, it was reported that structures of α-synuclein filaments from LBD differ from MSA and juvenile onset synucleinopathy (JOS) caused by a 21-nucleotide duplication in the second exon of one allele ofSNCAgene1-3. Importantly, a rare subtype of MSA, called atypical MSA4shows abundant neuronal argyrophilic α-synuclein inclusions in the limbic system. Current concepts indicate that disease entities are characterized by unique protofilament folds. Here we demonstrate that in addition to the MSA fold, α-synuclein can form a new Lewy-MSA hybrid fold in the same brain region, leading to the atypical histopathological form of MSA. Distinct biochemical characteristics of α-synuclein, as demonstrated by protease-sensitivity digestion assay, seed amplification assays (SAAs) and conformational stability assay (CSA), are also linked to cytopathological differences (e.g. neuronal or oligodendroglial). We expand the current structure-based classification of α−synucleinopathies and propose that cell-specific protein pathologies can be associated with distinct filament folds.
Lattice design for the Diamond-II light source storage ring
Authors: Ghasem H. , Kraljevic N. Blaskovic , Singh B. , Martin I. P. S. 
Published: November 2024

To satisfy user demands for a high-brightness, high-capacity synchrotron light source, a novel multibend achromat (MBA) lattice structure has been developed for the Diamond-II storage ring upgrade. This lattice combines the high-dispersion locations characteristic of hybrid MBA lattices with newly introduced midcell straight sections to allow extra insertion devices to be installed. The resulting structure is named the modified hybrid six bend achromat (MH6BA) lattice. When adapted to fit in the existing 560.6 m Diamond storage ring tunnel, it reaches a natural emittance of 162 pm rad at 3.5 GeV. The characteristics of the MH6BA lattice, the methodology used to optimize the linear and nonlinear beam dynamics, and the lattice performance in a range of conditions are discussed.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Doubly heavy tetraquark states in a mass splitting model
Authors: Li Shi-Yuan , Liu Yan-Rui , Man Zi-Long , Si Zong-Guo , Wu Jing 
Published: November 2024

Treating X(4140) as a compact JPC=1++ csc¯s¯ state and using its mass as a reference scale, we systematically estimate the masses of doubly heavy tetraquark states QQq¯q¯, where Q=c, b and q=u, d, s. Their decay properties are studied with a simple rearrangement scheme. Based on our results, the lowest I(JP)=0(1+) bbn¯n¯ state is a stable tetraquark about 20 MeV below the B¯*B¯ threshold. The mass and width of the low-mass 0(1+) ccn¯n¯ (n=u, d) tetraquark are compatible with the Tcc(3875)+ observed by the LHCb Collaboration. The locations of the lowest 0(0+) and 0(1+) bcn¯n¯ states are found to be close to the B¯D and B¯*D thresholds, respectively. We hope that the predicted ratios between partial widths of different channels may be helpful to identify compact tetraquark states from future measurements.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Pursuing a sustainable career: how strengths-based leadership develops career adaptability and compensates for protean career orientation
Authors: Ge Xiaolin , Zhang Qing , Xiong Rui , Yu Haibo , Liu Siyuan , Song Shanghao , Liu Xiaokun 
Published: November 2024

PurposeDrawing upon strengths-based inclusive work theory, this study explores how strengths-based leadership promotes employee career sustainability, particularly in the absence of protean career orientation (PCO), with career adaptability as a mediator.Design/methodology/approachA three-wave survey of 329 Chinese employees tested the moderated mediation model. Hypotheses were assessed using SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.3.FindingsStrengths-based leadership positively influences career adaptability, leading to greater career sustainability. The effect is stronger when PCO is low, highlighting the compensatory role of strengths-based leadership.Originality/valueThe present paper extends the existing literature on strengths-based leadership and unveils that strength-based leadership can compensate for a lack of PCO. Also, it augments strengths-based inclusive work theory and provides meaningful insights to cultivate employee career sustainability.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional design and self-reported data limit causal conclusions. Future research should use longitudinal methods and diverse cultural contexts to improve generalizability.
CSR communication to employees as stakeholders in the pharmaceutical sector
Authors: Zilic Ivana , LaVan Helen 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis research aims to contribute substantively and methodologically to our understanding of CSR communications in the pharmaceutical sector targeted to employees. Of specific concern is how companies can most effectively communicate their CSR activities to employees.Design/methodology/approachMulti-methods were used to identify CSR-related communication trends and relationships in the largest pharmaceutical companies by market cap. Replicatable data are ROA from Bloomberg, ESG scores, employee satisfaction from Indeed.com and content of CSR and similar reports.FindingsSignificant findings include the content of CSR reports related to employee behaviors and human resource processes. Both HR behaviors and HR processes are related to return on assets ROA. Multinational differences were found in Indeed satisfaction scores and in trends in communications from the CSR reports.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the limitations was that not all pharmaceutical companies consistently reported their data.Practical implicationsGiven that the pharmaceutical sector is comprised of a high proportion of uniquely qualified types of employees, this type of information can be used by prospective employees to consistently include more HR processes. Especially missing is recruitment and selection data that can reasonably be expected to facilitate identifying prospective employees who align with the CSR mission.Originality/valueThe methodology used in this study allows for replication in the pharmaceutical sector. Moreover, it encourages using similar disaggregated ESG data sources to study CSR in other sectors.
Investing in energy, water and sanitation for Azerbaijan: the role of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Sabbaghi Omid 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate physical capital investments for Azerbaijan in the context of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 and 7.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on the conceptual frameworks of Soto et al. (2020) and Gaspar et al. (2019), this study adopts peer analysis in quantifying investment policy recommendations for Azerbaijan based on data from the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, United Nations Population Fund, the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the US Energy Information Administration.

Findings
This study estimates that Azerbaijan invests approximately $1.47bn in their energy sector for 2020–2030 and that total spending on water and sanitation infrastructure increases by 1.91 percentage points of GDP by 2030.

Originality/value
Investment decision-making for physical capital based on the United Nations SDGs is an underresearched yet important topic. This study fills this void for Azerbaijan through peer country analysis.
Does social presence drive customer brand engagement and purchase intention in the fashion retail metaverse? The moderating role of self-efficacy
Authors: Agnihotri Durgesh , Chaturvedi Pallavi , Swarup Kriti , Mathur Anshul , Tripathi Vikas , Singh Nripendra 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThe study investigates the relationship between social presence dimensions and customer brand engagement (CBE) as well as the relation between customer brand engagement and purchase intention (PI) in the fashion retail metaverse with self-efficacy moderating between CBE and PI.Design/methodology/approachThe data were gathered by conducting an online survey (n = 476) from young adults exposed to fashion retail metaverse platforms. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe findings discovered that social presence dimensions positively impact CBE, which substantially impacts the PI of young consumers in the fashion retail metaverse. The findings demonstrate that self-efficacy moderates the relationship between CBE and PI.Research limitations/implicationsThis study uses cross-sectional data in the fashion retail metaverse for young consumers. Future studies can use longitudinal data in the context of other industries and demographic profiles to assess changing customer behavior.Practical implicationsThis study implies that customer experiences can be enriched through social presence dimensions, helping brands adapt their offers to create more engaging and rewarding customer interactions. It offers insights for brand managers aiming to augment the relationship between CBE and PI.Originality/valueThe study uniquely explores the relationship between social presence dimensions and CBE within the fashion retail metaverse. It examines self-efficacy as a moderator between CBE and PI, providing fresh insights into consumer behavior in the fashion retail metaverse.