bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les courtiers bordelais, intermédiaires de commerce du vin aux xvii e - xviii e siècles
Authors: Lachaud-Martin Stéphanie 
Published: June 2018

Le système du courtage des vins en France aux xvii e  et xviii e siècles reste soumis à des édits royaux mais aussi à des particularités régionales, liées à leur origine urbaine ancienne. Ainsi, si le courtage officiel disparaît en Champagne et en Bourgogne dans la seconde moitié du xviii e  siècle, au profit des commissionnaires, il n’en est pas de même en Bordelais. Plus encore, les courtiers y ont occupé une véritable place dans la définition des hiérarchies et des qualités des vins, grâce à une recomposition complexe du corps des courtiers qui a été partagé entre les courtiers royaux et les courtiers brevetés mais qui s’est maintenu à une place importante, malgré l’activité de commissionnaires officieux, appelés courtiers volants. Il faut ici y voir un faisceau d’explications, en lien avec la professionnalisation du corps des courtiers en vin bordelais, mais aussi en rapport avec la mutation quantitative et qualitative du marché des vins. En effet, la bonne connaissance par les courtiers du vignoble et des vins, mais aussi leur rôle de défense des producteurs et de la qualité des productions de l’arrière-pays viticole constitue un déterminant essentiel du maintien du courtage en Bordelais, au-delà des mises en cause de la seconde moitié du xviii e siècle.
Marx et Allah. Les gauches alternatives françaises face à l’islam, de Mai 1968 au 11 septembre 2001
Authors: Ferhat Ismail 
Published: June 2018

La question de l’islam suscite des passions particulièrement fortes dans le monde politique français, et ce depuis plusieurs décennies. Au sein des gauches alternatives (c’est-à-dire les forces de gauche se situant en dehors des organisations et courants traditionnels des gauches françaises), ce sujet a entraîné de nombreuses dis­­cussions, oppositions et évolutions. Cet article, mené à partir d’un travail de dépouillement d’archives, de littérature grise, de publications et de programmes, souhaite comprendre comment cette sensibilité, parfois présentée comme plus favorable à cette religion que le reste du monde politique français, a pensé son rapport avec l’islam. Il étudie une période allant de 1968, moment de retour d’influence des gauches alternatives, à 2001 et les attentats sur le sol américain. Durant celle-ci, ces forces politiques ont progressivement remplacé la figure du « travailleur immigré » par celle de « musulman ». Or, cette mutation était fondamentale : elle posait la question, difficile, d’un passage d’une catégorie socio-économique à un groupe religieux, peu pensé par des approches largement inspirées du mouvement ouvrier et du marxisme. Cette évolution a été différente selon les sensibilités des gauches alternatives. Celles-ci ont généré un vaste spectre de réponses, allant d’une hostilité déclarée au religieux à une volonté de se rapprocher de l’islam, y compris politique. Ces réponses ont été largement influencées par le contexte international, entraînant des difficultés récurrentes à circonscrire le sujet au seul cadre français.
Les Misérables, « un livre de charité » ?
Authors: Scepi Henri 
Published: June 2018

Cet article se propose de reprendre la question de la charité telle qu’elle est formulée et déployée dans Les Misérables afin de la resituer d’abord dans le cadre d’une pensée critique et dynamique – une pensée non dogmatique – qui s’efforce de cerner et d’évaluer l’action de bienfaisance et la philosophie morale qui l’inspire non plus comme la déduction d’une vertu , mais comme le produit d’un agir historique, d’une pratique qui s’inscrit et se développe dans le champ d’une anthropologie sociale et politique. C’est à l’affirmation d’un droit redéfini à l’abri des théologies et des églises que travaille le discours de l’écrivain. Une relation spécifique avec le lecteur s’y rattache – de même qu’une fonction de la littérature – comme fiction et pensée – s’y renforce dans l’invention conjointe d’une exigence de liberté et d’un devoir de fraternité assignables à l’humain conçu comme progrès et transcendance de l’Histoire.
De Baudelaire à Villiers : les envers ironiques de la charité
Authors: Noiray Jacques 
Published: June 2018

Baudelaire et Villiers de l’Isle-Adam portent sur l’acte charitable et celui qui l’accomplit un regard qui diffère de l’habituel concert de louanges et ne va pas sans ironie. Ce qui est d’abord critiqué, c’est l’hypocrisie charitable, et surtout la bonne conscience qui accompagne la charité. La charité vraie devrait reposer sur un échange équitable que l’aumône d’argent ne permet pas. Cet échange passe par le regard. La relation qui s’établit est alors de sympathie, mais surtout de curiosité. Liée à l’imagination, la curiosité est inséparable de l’acte poétique. Charité et poésie, sous le signe de l’imagination, tendent à se confondre dans la création d’une légende de l’être souffrant qui devient pour le poète plus vraie que la réalité même. Mais comme elle est acte d’amour, la relation charitable devient aussi désir de projection dans autrui et de possession d’autrui. Elle s’apparente à une prostitution. Elle se charge de sensualité et même de cruauté. Dans un monde marqué par la malédiction de la Chute, seule l’ironie peut qualifier une charité dégradée qui ne peut aboutir qu’au grotesque. C’est ce qu’expriment Baudelaire et Villiers, l’un dans « Assommons les pauvres », l’autre dans « Les délices d’une bonne œuvre ».
De l’allégorie à la scène de genre : peindre la charité en acte
Authors: Saint-Martin Isabelle 
Published: June 2018

En un siècle où rivalisent le catholicisme des œuvres et les philosophies humanitaires, l’image de la Charité associe la référence à la plus haute vertu théologale et la vision d’une piété en acte proposée en modèle aux fidèles. Ainsi, pour traiter de la charité comme amour de Dieu et amour du prochain, le répertoire de l’allégorie, qui inspire encore la République de Daumier, ouvre aussi à la figure de la fraternité chère au christianisme social. Dans les peintures du quotidien, à côté d’innombrables scènes d’aumônes, certaines représentations de la pauvreté laissent parfois apparaître, à travers le contraste entre nantis et démunis, une critique sous-jacente. Parce que les enjeux sont vifs tant sur le plan social que théologique, le motif de la Charité semble apte à brouiller les frontières ; alors que la hiérarchie des genres se trouble, l’allégorie ressurgit parfois derrière le pittoresque.
Quelques enjeux du mot « influence » vers 1800
Authors: Naïm Jérémy 
Published: June 2018

Vers 1800, le mot « influence » connut une vogue soudaine dans l'écriture lettrée. En quelques années, le mot était passé du discours astrologique au discours historique et moral pour dire l'emprise d'un homme ou d'un livre sur l'opinion. Il allait bientôt devenir le mot décisif de l'histoire littéraire. Cet article revient sur l'histoire de cette transition et ses conséquences sur la notionalisation de l'« influence », en s'arrêtant en particulier sur le débat entre Bonald, Barante et Mme de Staël à propos des rapports entre littérature et société.
Ramification of the Eigencurve at Classical RM Points
Authors: Betina Adel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractJ. Bellaïche and M. Dimitrov showed that the$p$-adic eigencurve is smooth but not étale over the weight space at$p$-regular theta series attached to a character of a real quadratic field$F$in which$p$splits. In this paper we prove the existence of an isomorphism between the subring fixed by the Atkin–Lehner involution of the completed local ring of the eigencurve at these points and a universal ring representing a pseudo-deformation problem. Additionally, we give a precise criterion for which the ramification index is exactly 2. We finish this paper by proving the smoothness of the nearly ordinary and ordinary Hecke algebras for Hilbert modular forms over$F$at the overconvergent cuspidal Eisenstein points, being the base change lift for$\text{GL}(2)_{/F}$of these theta series. Our approach uses deformations and pseudo-deformations of reducible Galois representations.
Confronting “Disunity”: Indigenous Religions as Critics of Politics in Africa
Authors: Debele Serawit Bekele 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this article, I present visions of political unity as imagined by Faith of Unity from Uganda and the Waqqeeffana Followers Association from Ethiopia. I describe how politics is mobilized through notions of disunity and unity. The organizations' critique of politics is articulated using the vocabulary of religion, which is central to political dis/unity. Drawing on ethnographic data generated from Ethiopia and Uganda, I show that indigenous religions are, in their own right, spaces for the production of political thought attuned to the time and context of their existence. Their engagement expands the domains of the “political” from its usual confines—for instance, civil society associations, parties, NGOs, and states. Paying attention to such spaces uncovers more sites in which political subjectivities are formed, shaped, and reshaped.
Nationhood and Resistance: New World A-Coming and the (Re)making of Race, Religion, and Nation in African American History
Authors: Wenger Tisa 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This essay compares Weisenfeld's “religio-racial” movements to contemporaneous Jewish nationalist and Zionist movements, suggesting that the axis of nation is just as important as race and religion for understanding their various efforts to reconfigure communal identities and to position themselves in relation to global systems of race and empire.
Mentoring and First-Year Teacher Supports: How Do Music Educators Measure Up?
Authors: Gallo Donna J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Professional development for early career educators was examined to determine potential differences in the quality of mentorship and school-provided supports for music and nonmusic disciplines. A nationally representative sample of early career educators (N = 6,134) drawn from the most current restricted-use Schools and Staffing Survey 2011–12 data was used to compare these engagements by discipline. Data were analyzed using ordinary least squares multiple regressions with state fixed effects to control for potential differences in educational polices. Results indicated that first-year music educators received significantly lower-quality mentorship and induction supports. Implications of this study include the need for school policy makers to strengthen the support provided to early career music educators such as offering partnerships with local music teacher mentors and music-specific induction programs.
An Examination of Music Student Teaching Practices Across Institutions Accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music
Authors: Juchniewicz Jay 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine music student teaching practices from music education institutions accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music across the United States. One-hundred sixty (N = 160) respondents completed an online questionnaire that addressed: (a) What prerequisites do institutions require prior to beginning student teaching? (b) What similarities or differences exist regarding student teacher placements? (c) Who do institutions use as university supervisors? (d) To what extent are orientation meetings and seminars utilized during the internship? (e) What are the requirements for the successful completion of the student teaching experience? and (f) Upon successful completion of student teaching, program completion, and license requirements, what initial teaching licensure will students receive? Findings indicate more similarities than differences across institutions with respect to student teaching policies and procedures. Additionally, results appear to be consistent with nearly 5 decades of previous research examination on music student teaching practices.
“I Am the Greatest Boxer”: Articulating Group Identity through Chinese Folk Drama
Authors: Guodong Zhang , Green Thomas A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Practitioners of the variant of Plum Blossom Boxing preserved in Zhuzhai village, Henan province, China, include in their repertoires, along with choreographed sequences designed to enhance martial prowess, a comic routine that parodies genuine fighting techniques while “combatants” exchange taunts and boasts. The article argues that this performance is a folk drama that symbolically recounts folk history, focuses group identity, and establishes prestige within the regional martial arts hierarchy.
Mobile and Temporary: Women and Workplace Precarity in Appalachian Kentucky
Authors: Hayes Lauren A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Current attention to local economic development in Central Appalachia frequently centers on integrating rural entrepreneurs into a global market. Less consideration has been given, however, to the rising challenges of a rapidly changing waged workplace that is increasingly characterized by temporary employment, expectations of geographic mobility, and decreasing worker protections. Such issues are often exacerbated by continued efforts to attract low-wage and precarious industries to the region. This article draws on ethnographic research with women in service and manufacturing sectors in Kentucky to examine the gendered effects of such work precarity. Taking the edges of Appalachia as its geographic focus—an area between urban centers and rural towns where much of the region’s population finds work—this article explores how women navigate a rapidly changing employment market.
Perceptions of Appalachian English in Kentucky
Authors: Cramer Jennifer 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper examines how non-Appalachians in Kentucky position the varieties of English spoken in Appalachia. In examining the language attitudes held by Louisvillians, I highlight the extent to which stereotypes associated with Appalachia (i.e., ignorance, lack of education) are widely held and explore how urban Kentuckians distinguish themselves from Appalachians. The study utilizes the tools of perceptual dialectology to explore how non-Appalachians distance themselves from what they perceive to be incorrect, nonstandard ways of speaking. The analysis includes an examination of individual and composite maps, a qualitative discussion of the labels employed for the Appalachian region, and a quantitative analysis of language attitudes about Appalachian Englishes held by non-Appalachians in terms of social characteristics like correctness, pleasantness, and beauty. This paper shows that despite positive transformations in the region, negative stereotypes about Appalachian speech are, unfortunately, alive and well.
Oral Health Interventions in Appalachian States
Authors: Boydstun Jamie , Cossman Jeralynn S. , Krause Denise 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify common themes among interventions that seek to improve oral health in Appalachia. We interviewed oral health stakeholders in each of the thirteen states in Appalachia, obtaining information on 134 oral health interventions. Using a content analysis approach, we identified eight themes from the stakeholder-provided descriptions of these interventions: access to care, adult services, education and outreach, Medicaid initiatives, preventive services, tobacco initiatives, water fluoridation, and workforce. Results indicated that interventions designed to increase access to care, preventive services, and oral health education were discussed most frequently by stakeholders and illustrate a variety of practices to improve oral health in Appalachian states. Our research highlights the complexity of reducing oral health disparities and the resourcefulness of existing interventions for reducing oral health disparities in Appalachia.
Dislocation and Nostalgia: Jazz and Classical Music in Hollywood Postwar Readjustment Films, 1946–1949
Authors: Slowik Michael 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This essay examines how Hollywood from 1946 to 1949 used the contrasting styles of jazz and classical music—often via foregrounded onscreen musical performances—as a key means for articulating both the nation’s postwar adjustment difficulties and the possibility of moving forward after the war.
Blurred Lines: The Use of Diegetic and Nondiegetic Sound in Atonement (2007)
Authors: Watts Catrin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper will focus on Atonement and how the sound world is so inexplicably linked to our interpretation of events. In particular, I will investigate how the typewriter acts as a pivot between diegetic sound and nondiegetic music. What becomes clear in Atonement is that the typewriter sound is indicative of an imagination running wild. It is initially connected to Briony in the opening scene, but it is also used when Robbie types his explicit letter to Cecilia, Briony’s older sister. To aid his writing, Robbie puts Puccini’s “O Soave Fanciulla” on the record player, but as he pours his desire onto the page, the sound of the typewriter and the record blur the lines between diegetic and nondiegetic sound, thereby calling into question what Robbie can and cannot hear. This is not the only occurrence of this technique, and just as the typewriter acts to blur the lines between diegetic sound and nondiegetic music, so too does the film blur the lines between reality and fiction.
Comunidade de prática online à luz do pensamento complexo: uma experiência no SESC São Paulo
Authors: Pesce Lucila , Oliveira Werley Carlos de , Di Grado Hessel Ana Maria 
Published: June 2018

Este artigo aborda as interações vivenciadas por alunos em uma comunidade de prática online criada para dar sustentação a um curso no formato e-Learning, para funcionários da área de logística do Serviço Social do Comércio do Estado de São Paulo (Sesc SP). Trata-se de um estudo de caso etnográfico, cujo objetivo foi investigar o papel do fórum de discussões online tendo como fio condutor reflexões oriundas da teoria da complexidade, por meio de conceitos como autopoiese, auto-eco-organização e circularidade, usados como fundamentos explicativos dos aspectos observados. Os resultados mostram a utilização da educação online como meio de criar redes que podem contribuir para o fortalecimento de uma cidadania planetária, uma vez que explora uma proposta pedagógica ativa, dialógica e interativa, capaz de fomentar malhas solidárias de cooperação e a promoção de ambientes polissêmicos, que são favorecidos pelas reflexões advindas de problemas emergentes e suas possíveis soluções que podem ser instigadas por meio do protagonismo na formação.
Association of Crohn’s disease-related chromosome 1q32 with ankylosing spondylitis is independent of bowel symptoms and faecal calprotectin
Authors: Roberts Rebecca L. , Wallace Mary C. , Harrison Andrew A. , White Douglas , Dalbeth Nicola , Stamp Lisa K. , Ching Daniel , Highton John , Merriman Tony R. , Robinson Philip C. , Brown Matthew A. , Stebbings Simon M. 
Published: June 2018

Background
Genome-wide association studies have identified a plethora of risk genes for both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A subset of genes found to be risk factors for CD have also been found to be risk factors for AS. The objective of our study was to assess whether CD risk genes were associated with non-invasive clinical markers of gut inflammation in patients with AS, indicating a potential subset of patients with clinical as well as genetic overlap.

Methods
A total of 308 Caucasian patients who fulfilled the modified New York Criteria for AS, were assessed for bowel symptoms using the Dudley Inflammatory Bowel Symptom Questionnaire (DISQ). Of these patients, 157 also had faecal calprotectin measured. All AS patients and 568 healthy controls were genotyped for 10 CD risk loci using predesigned single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays. Chi-square analysis was used to test for association between genotype and DISQ score and faecal calprotectin level.

Results
The minor allele of two SNPs, one in chromosome region 1q32 SNP (rs11584383), and one in the gene coding for IL23R (rs11209026) conferred protection against AS. Only the association of 1q32 remained significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Stratification by DISQ score and faecal calprotectin did not influence the association of 1q32 with AS.

Conclusion
In patients with AS, the association of the CD 1q32 SNP was independent of non-invasive markers of bowel inflammation. Other CD related SNPs were not found have a significant association with AS.
Huperzine A attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating hepatocyte senescence and apoptosis: an in vitro study
Authors: Hu Xiao-na , Wang Jiao-feng , Huang Yi-qin , Wang Zheng , Dong Fang-yuan , Ma Hai-fen , Bao Zhi-jun 
Published: June 2018

Objective
This study was undertaken to detect if free fatty acids (FFA) induce hepatocyte senescence in L-02 cells and if huperzine A has an anti-aging effect in fatty liver cells.

Methods
L-02 cells were treated with a FFA mixture (oleate/palmitate, at 3:0, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 0:3 ratios) at different concentrations. Cell viability and fat accumulation rate were assessed by a Cell Counting Kit 8 and Nile Red staining, respectively. The mixture with the highest cell viability and fat accumulation rate was selected to continue with the following experiment. The L-02 cells were divided into five groups, including the control group, FFA group, FFA + 0.1 μmol/L huperzine A (LH) group, FFA + 1.0 μmol/L huperzine A (MH) group and FFA + 10 μmol/L huperzine A (HH) group, and were cultured for 24 h. The expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) was detected by an SA-β-gal staining kit. The expression levels of aging genes were measured by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of apoptosis proteins were detected by a Western blot. ELISA kits were used to detect inflammatory factors and oxidative stress products. The expression of nuclear factor (NF-κB) and IκBα were detected by immunofluorescence.

Results
The FFA mixture (oleate/palmitate, at a 2:1 ratio) of 0.5 mmol/L had the highest cell viability and fat accumulation rate, which was preferable for establishing an in vitro fatty liver model. The expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) and oxidants Malonaldehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased in the L-02 fatty liver cells. The expression levels of aging markers and aging genes, such as SA-β-gal, p16, p21, p53 and pRb, increased more in the L-02 fatty liver cells than in the L-02 cells. The total levels of the apoptosis-associated proteins Bcl2, Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, CyCt and cleaved caspase 9 were also upregulated in the L-02 fatty liver cells. All of the above genes and proteins were downregulated in the huperzine A and FFA co-treatment group. In the L-02 fatty liver cells, the expression of IκBα decreased, while the expression of NF-κB increased. After the huperzine A and FFA co-treatment, the expression of IκBα increased, while the expression of NF-κB decreased.

Conclusion
Fatty liver cells showed an obvious senescence and apoptosis phenomenon. Huperzine A suppressed hepatocyte senescence, and it might exert its anti-aging effect via the NF-κB pathway.