bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and biochemical characterization of freeze‐dried guava powder fortified with Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Yousaf Ali Asad , Zeng Hui , Abbasi Kashif Sarfraz , Bergholz Teresa , Siddiq Muhammad , Dolan Kirk 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGuava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the most nutrient‐dense fruits, which is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The processing of value‐added products from guava has not been carried out on a scale similar to some other fruits, which offers an opportunity to fully exploit the potential of this fruit, such as guava‐based nutraceutical food products. The objectives of the present study were to develop freeze‐dried guava powders (FDGPs) from two guava varieties (white and pink) and characterize their physico‐chemical and nutritional properties. FDGP was also incorporated with probiotic strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, to develop a healthy nutraceutical probiotic supplement. Functional groups assessed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy exhibited the existence of strong C–Br stretch, O–H stretch, and C = C stretch vibrations; however, scanning electron micrograms (SEMs) showed the flaky structure indicating the presence of starch, dietary fibers, and esterified groups of pectin. Significant mineral concentrations (mg/100 g) of potassi‐um (323–362), magnesium (26.2–28.8), zinc (0.43–0.51), and iron (0.52–0.63) were observed in FDGPs. The FDGP samples from both guava varieties had high levels of crude fiber (43.94–46.29%), vitamin C (2.27–2.49 mg/g), and phenolic compounds (57.50–61.86 mg GAE/g) as well as significant antioxidant properties. Fortification of FDGP with L. plantarum strains produced significant results in terms of probiotic viability that was nearly maintained at 108 CFU/g up to 60 days in the final product. The viability of probiotics proved that FDGP is a good carrier of prebiotics and can be utilized as a potent probiotic supplement.
Development of reduced‐fat eggless mayonnaises using clove basil and sweet basil seed mucilages
Authors: Neeharika B. , Vijayalaxmi K. G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe seeds of clove basil (Ocimum gratissimum) and sweet basil (O. basilicum) produce mucilage upon hydration that can be utilized as a substitute in several foods. In the present study, reduced‐fat eggless mayonnaises were developed by substituting 30% of the oil content in the formulation with clove basil and sweet basil seed mucilages. The developed mayonnaises exhibited a similar appearance and better texture with ideal firmness, thick consistency, spreadable texture, lesser stickiness, and adhesiveness than the control eggless mayonnaise. The replacement of oil with basil seed mucilages significantly (p ≤ 0.01) improved the emulsion, freeze‐thaw, and heat stability of mayonnaises as mucilages acted as emulsifying and stabilizing agents. Further, the mayonnaises with clove basil and sweet basil seed mucilages exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.01) high ash (0.78, 0.69 g), carbohydrate (36.55, 38.37 g), soluble dietary fiber (0.21, 0.22 g), total dietary fiber (0.22, 0.23 g) contents and less fat (33.07, 38.37 g), energy (304, 305 Kcal) contents per 100 g than control. Also, they exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher total phenols content (90.57, 83.35 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g) and total antioxidant capacity (268.28, 259.94 mg TE/100 g) than the control. Thus, the utilization of clove basil seed and sweet basil seed mucilages aided in the development of eggless mayonnaises with reduced fat content and enriched with bioactive ingredients such as polyphenols and antioxidants. The technology of development of reduced fat mayonnaises can be taken up by the food industries and the product can be popularised further to meet the rising demand for eggless mayonnaises with reduced fat content by health‐conscious lacto‐vegetarian consumers.
Extraction optimization, identification using UPLC–tandem mass spectrometry, and antioxidant properties of polyphenols from the fruit body of Morchella sextelata
Authors: Zhai Fei‐Hong , Yan Miao‐Qing , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolyphenols, as important active ingredients in edible fungi, have many beneficial functions. As rare edible fungi, Morchella spp., are highly popular due to their nutritional value and unique flavor. However, most Morchella have not yet been artificially cultivated due to their special biological characteristics, resulting in limited research on polyphenols in artificially cultivated Morchella. In this study, the extraction parameters of polyphenols from artificially cultivated Morchella sextelata were optimized using response surface methodology, the polyphenol components were analyzed via UPLC‒tandem mass spectrometry, and their antioxidant properties were determined in vitro. The optimal extraction process parameters were as follows: ethanol concentration, 43%; solid‒liquid ratio, 1:41 g mL−1; extraction temperature, 52°C; extraction time, 2 h; rotation speed, 180 r min−1; and extraction frequency, twice. The optimized extraction parameters resulted in a polyphenol yield of 4.82 mg g−1, a 69.97% increase. Fourteen phenolic compounds were identified: gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, dl‐4‐hydroxyphenyllactic acid, methyl 2,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetate, salicylic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4‐hydroxyacetophenone, eucommiol, luteolin, ethylparaben, hinokiflavone, amentoflavone, propyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate, and 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol. The EC50 values of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)· scavenging ability, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating ability of polyphenols were 2.70, 30.98, and 72.06 µg mL−1, respectively. These findings indicated that polyphenols had a significantly stronger ability to scavenge DPPH· compared with their reducing power and ability to chelate ferrous ions. The results of this study provide a solid foundation for the subsequent study of function of M. sextelata polyphenols as well as a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of M. sextelata, which will help promote healthy development of Morchella industry.Practical ApplicationThe extraction, composition, and antioxidant properties of polyphenols from Morchella sextelata were identified, which provides a theoretical basis for better utilization of Morchella resources.
Visium spatial transcriptomics and proteomics identifies novel hepatic cell populations and transcriptomic signatures of alcohol‐associated hepatitis
Authors: Gripshover Tyler C. , Treves Rui S. , Rouchka Eric C. , Chariker Julia H. , Zheng Shirong , Hudson Elizabeth , Smith Melissa L. , Singal Ashwani K. , McClain Craig J. , Hardesty Josiah E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol‐associated hepatitis (AH) is the clinical manifestation of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). AH is a complex disease encompassing the dysregulation of many cells and cell subpopulations. This study used a hepatic spatial transcriptomic and proteomic approach (10X Genomics Visium) to identify hepatic cell populations and their associated transcriptomic and proteomic alterations in human AH.MethodsFormalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded liver tissue from AH patients (n = 2) and non‐ALD controls (donors) (n = 2) were used for Visium spatial transcriptomic and proteomic analysis.ResultsAH cell clusters and cell markers were drastically different in regard to tissue pattern and number of cell types compared to non‐ALD controls. Cholangiocytes, endothelial cells, macrophages, and stellate cells were more profuse in AH relative to non‐ALD controls. Transcriptionally, proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐positive (PCNA+) hepatocytes in AH more closely resembled cholangiocytes suggesting they were non‐functional hepatocytes derived from cholangiocytes. Furthermore, mitochondria protein‐coding genes were reduced in AH versus non‐ALD control hepatocytes, suggesting reduced functionality and loss of regenerative mechanisms. Macrophages in AH exhibited elevated gene expression involved in exosomes as compared to non‐ALD controls. The most upregulated macrophage genes observed in AH were those involved in exosome trafficking. Gene and protein signatures of disease‐associated hepatocytes (ANXA2+/CXCL1+/CEACAM8+) were elevated in AH and could visually identify a pre‐malignant lesion.ConclusionsThis study identified global cell type alterations in AH and distinct transcriptomic changes between AH and non‐ALD controls. These findings characterize cellular plasticity and profuse transcriptomic and proteomic changes that are apparent in AH and contribute to the identification of novel therapeutics.
Evidence from citizen science suggests foliage as a possible day roost for the hairy big‐eyed bat (Chiroderma villosum)
Authors: Garbino Guilherme S. T. , de Oliveira Eulerson Xavier , Bertrands Joachim , van den Berghe Eric 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFrugivorous bats in the subfamily Stenodermatinae are known to use foliage and cavities, such as tree hollows or caves, as roosting sites. Species with paler facial and dorsal markings are typically thought to prefer enclosed spaces, while those with more conspicuous markings often roost in more exposed locations. Among the genus Chiroderma, the hairy big‐eyed bat (C. villosum) has the widest distribution and is the most studied ecologically, yet its roosting habits remain poorly understood. We present three observations of C. villosum using foliage as daytime roosting sites, with records from tropical rainforest areas in Belize, Brazil and Nicaragua. These findings challenge the assumption that C. villosum prefers enclosed spaces due to its less conspicuous pelage markings. The apparent scarcity of day roost reports for Chiroderma species may be due to their solitary roosting habits and the difficulty of spotting them in exposed shelters.
Does admission to intensive care post total joint arthroplasty result in poorer outcomes 12‐months after surgery?
Authors: Price Veronique , Thuraisingam Sharmala , Choong Peter F , Perriman Diana , Dowsey Michelle M 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown if total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) benefit from the surgery. This impedes clinical decision‐making, resource allocation and patient informed consent. This study aims to identify whether admission to ICU post‐TJA surgery is associated with poorer quality of life, pain and function, compared to those not requiring ICU admission.MethodsData on patients who underwent elective total hip or knee arthroplasty between 2006 and 2019 were extracted from a single‐institution registry in Melbourne, Australia. Adjusted mixed‐linear regression models were used to estimate the mean difference at 12 months in quality of life (VR‐12), and pain and function (WOMAC) between patients admitted postoperatively to ICU and those not admitted.ResultsOf the 8444 patients that met the study inclusion criteria, 128 (1.5%) patients were admitted to ICU peri‐ or postoperatively. The median length of stay in ICU was 1 day (IQR = 1). Patients in both groups reported similar clinically meaningful improvements in quality of life, pain and function 12‐months after surgery.ConclusionClinicians weighing up risks versus benefits of TJA in patients with a higher risk of ICU admission should not overlook the significant improvements in quality of life, pain and function likely to be seen.
No Camp is a “Good Camp”: The Closed Controlled Access Centre on Samos as a Torturing Environment and Necropolitical Space of Uncare
Authors: Manek Julia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn a crisis‐shaken globalised world, migration‐related sites of detention emerge as a harmful figure of attempts to contain human mobility. The new Closed Controlled Access Centre (CCAC) on Samos is a blueprint for the EU's future border practices. While openly dehumanising conditions contributed to the previous “old camp” amounting to a torturing environment, the new remote and securitised CCAC promised safety and humanitarian care. Psycho‐geographical counter‐mappings by people living in the camps and of human rights defenders allow the reading of the hotspot camps as a built environment and social space. They expose how the violent neglect of the old camp transforms into the surveilled and weaponised space of yet another torturing environment. This time, it operates a necropolitical space of uncare that distributes harm differentially. The findings emphasise the abolitionist argument that camps cannot be turned into “better” places.
Safety of enoxaparin in patients implanted with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Klosko Rachel C. , Whitson Bryan , Lampert Brent , McLaughlin Eric , Orzel Libby 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study is to determine the incidence of major bleeding events in patients implanted with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF‐LVADs) bridged with enoxaparin (LMWH) compared to intravenous unfractionated heparin (IV UFH) for a subtherapeutic INR on warfarin.MethodsA single‐center, retrospective, cohort study was conducted including patients with CF‐LVADs implanted between January 1, 2012 and July 1, 2020 who received at least one inpatient dose or outpatient prescription for LMWH or IV UFH at least 60 days after CF‐LVAD implantation. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major bleeding.ResultsIn total, 176 orders were screened and 90 orders in 62 unique patients were included. Major bleeding and thromboembolic events occurred in 1 (2.5%) versus 4 (10.0%) orders (p = 0.36) and 3 (7.5%) versus 1 (2.5%) orders (p = 0.62) in the LMWH and IV UFH groups, respectively. One patient had a fatal thromboembolic event in each group. More patients receiving IV UFH had minor bleeding events (10 [25.0%] vs. 3 [7.5%]; p = 0.03).ConclusionsThere was no difference between bleeding and thromboembolic events in patients implanted with CF‐LVADs prescribed LMWH or IV UFH for bridging of subtherapeutic INRs. Larger prospective randomized data are needed to validate these findings.
Examining the network dynamics of daily movement and dietary behaviors among college students: A diary study
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Qing , Huang Jiasheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPromoting individuals' overall health and well‐being is important, and understanding the interconnections between daily movement and dietary behaviors may provide insights for developing effective health behavior interventions. In the current study, we therefore adopted a network approach to investigate the complex relationships among movement and dietary behaviors within a daily diary study. Data were collected from 101 college students over a 28‐day period, assessing movement (i.e., physical exercise and sedentary behavior) and dietary (i.e., overeating, sugar‐sweetened beverage intake, and snack consumption) behaviors. We employed a multilevel vector autoregressive model to analyze the within‐person (temporal and contemporaneous) and between‐person networks of movement and dietary behaviors. Our findings unveiled a negative association between physical exercise and sedentary behavior at both contemporaneous and between‐person levels, while the interconnections among dietary behaviors displayed nuanced variations across different levels. We also found intricate relationships between movement and dietary behaviors, with sedentary behavior and sugar‐sweetened beverage intake emerging as central nodes in the behavior networks. This exploratory study underscores the complex interconnections of daily health behaviors, particularly highlighting the potential roles of sedentary behavior and sugar‐sweetened beverage intake in multiple behavior interventions. These preliminary findings have yet to be validated through theory‐driven studies with experimental designs.
3D‐printed model for resection of positive surgical margins in robot‐assisted prostatectomy
Authors: Engesser Christian , Brantner Philipp , Gahl Brigitta , Walter Matthias , Gehweiler Julian , Seifert Helge , Subotic Svetozar , Rentsch Cyrill , Wetterauer Christian , Bubendorf Lukas , Vlajnic Tatjana , Hosseini Abolfazl , Ebbing Jan 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo improve precision of secondary resection (SR) after positive surgical margin (PSM) detection by frozen section (FS) during nerve‐sparing (NS) robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) by employing a personalised three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed prostate model derived from pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This model was used to mark positive surgical margins (PSM) and guide intraoperative SR during NS‐RARP.Patients and MethodsProspective multicentre cohort study with 100 patients undergoing NS‐RARP between September 2018 and August 2021. Primary and secondary endpoints were the conversion rate of FS‐identified PSM to a tumour‐free margin and functional/oncological parameters within a 12‐month follow‐up, respectively.ResultsA PSM was identified in 23% of cases during FS, with a conversion to negative surgical margins (NSM) in 83% (19/23 cases) by model‐guided SR. The tumour detection rate in SR specimens was 39% (nine of 23 cases). Among the 19 patients with converted margins, 18 (95%) achieved undetectable prostate‐specific antigen levels 2 months postoperatively, with six (32%) having subsequent biochemical recurrence within 12 months. prostate‐specific‐membrane‐antigen positron emission tomography computed tomography found one local recurrence, and five cases of metastatic disease. In converted patients, the baseline median five‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function score decreased by 16% after 1 year, with no significant difference compared to patients with primarily NSM. Limitations include the absence of a control group, the potential for false‐negative FS results and limited accuracy of MRI.ConclusionThe integration of 3D‐printed prostate models into NS‐RARP has the potential to positively impact surgical outcomes by improving the precision of SR and optimising pathosurgical communication.
Pan‐immune‐inflammation value predicts immunotherapy response and reflects local antitumor immune response in rectal cancer
Authors: Wang Qianyu , Zhong Wentao , Xiao Yi , Lin Guole , Lu Junyang , Xu Lai , Zhang Guannan , Liu Aijun , Du Junfeng , Wu Bin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe pan‐immune‐inflammation value reflects the systemic inflammatory response, and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes indicate a local immune response in rectal cancer. However, the association between systemic inflammatory response, as indicated by the pan‐immune‐inflammation value, and local immune responses in rectal cancer remains unclear. This study analyzed 915 treatment‐naïve rectal cancer patients from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital and PLA General Hospital (PLAGH) cohorts who underwent radical surgery to investigate the relationship between the pan‐immune‐inflammation value and immune responses. Lower pan‐immune‐inflammation value was significantly associated with improved disease‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival. Multivariate Cox regression models identified the pan‐immune‐inflammation value as an independent prognostic factor. In the PLAGH cohort, patients with low pan‐immune‐inflammation values had higher immune cell levels, activated immune pathways, and increased expression of immune checkpoint genes according to RNA sequencing. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that lower pan‐immune‐inflammation value was associated with higher tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte density, more mature tertiary lymphoid structures, increased CD8+ T cells, and elevated human lymphocyte antigen class I expression. Conversely, patients with high pan‐immune‐inflammation values exhibited pathways linked to tumor progression, such as angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, KRAS signaling, and TGF‐ß signaling. Among patients receiving anti‐PD‐1 therapy, responders had low pre‐ and post‐treatment pan‐immune‐inflammation values. The pan‐immune‐inflammation value is a reliable marker associated with distinct immune microenvironment characteristics and can effectively predict disease‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival, and response to immunotherapy.
Mainstreaming Cancer Genomic Testing: A Scoping Review of the Acceptability, Efficacy, and Impact
Authors: Berkman Jennifer , DeBortoli Emily , Steinberg Julia , Milch Vivienne , Yanes Tatiane , McInerney‐Leo Aideen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFinite clinical genetics services combined with expanding genomic testing have driven development of mainstreaming models‐of‐care for genomic testing: specifically genetic counselor embedded (GEM) and upskilled‐clinician (UPC) models. To determine feasibility, acceptability, and health economic impact in cancer mainstreaming settings we conducted a scoping review of the literature. A comprehensive PubMed search identified relevant manuscripts, published in English between 2013 and 2023. Of 156 identified articles, 37 proceeded to full review, encompassing five cancer types. In both models‐of‐care, testing uptake was > 90% and referral/testing rates increased 1.2–6.7‐fold. Time from diagnosis to result disclosure decreased 1.5–6‐fold and pathogenic variant detection rates were ≥ 10%. GEM model studies evaluated neither cost‐effectiveness nor physician/patient outcomes. UPC models were economically viable, primarily through reducing genetics‐related appointments. Physicians found the UPC model workload acceptable and reported improvements in knowledge and confidence. Patient distress in the UPC model was low overall and comparable to standard‐of‐care. Patients' acceptance and satisfaction/decisional satisfaction were high, and continuity‐of‐care was appreciated. Mainstreaming cancer genomic testing is feasible and beneficial to patients, physicians, and healthcare systems. More studies are needed to capture GEM model impacts and to compare GEM with UPC models. Further detail of allied health and nursing support for the UPC model is also required.
Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Neurons‐Ventral Tegmental Area Neural Pathway Promotes Wake From Sleep
Authors: Wang Yuhao , Wang Dan , Zhang Xinxin , Li Huiming , Wang Sa , He Yuting , Zhao Guangchao , Dong Hailong , Li Jiannan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonergic neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) neural circuit participate in regulating wake‐related behaviors; however, the effect and mechanism of which in regulating sleep–wake are poorly understood.MethodsFiber photometry was used to study DRN serotonergic afferent activity changes in the VTA during sleep–wake processes. Optogenetics and chemogenetics were took advantage to study the effects of DRN serotonergic afferents modulating VTA during sleep–wake. In vivo electrophysiology was employed to investigate how VTA neuronal firings were influenced by upregulation of DRN serotonergic afferents during sleep–wake.ResultsWe found that DRN serotonergic afferent activity in the VTA was higher during wake than during NREM and REM sleep. Chemogenetic activation of VTA‐projecting DRN serotonergic neurons increased wake, and optogenetic activation of DRN serotonergic terminals in the VTA induced wake during NREM and REM sleep. Furthermore, we found that optogenetic activation of DRN serotonergic terminals in the VTA increased glutamatergic neuronal firing, decreased dopaminergic neuronal firing, but not influenced GABAergic neuronal firing during NREM sleep.ConclusionOur findings provide evidence in understanding the role of DRN serotonergic neurons‐VTA neural pathway in regulating sleep–wake, in which dynamic VTA dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neuronal firing changes responded to the wake promoting effect of DRN serotonergic afferents.