bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage to artificial seedlings across a disturbed Afromontane forest landscape
Authors: Ssali Fredrick , Moe Stein R. , Sheil Douglas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeedling mortality is an important demographic bottleneck for forest regeneration, yet the factors influencing recruitment are often poorly characterized across space and time. In African highlands, where extensive patches of previously disturbed forests remain in persistent shrub‐dominated states, patterns of damage to seedlings have not been examined in detail. We used artificial seedlings to determine how (non‐herbivory‐related) damage varies across a fragmented forest landscape in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. A total of 848 artificial seedlings were established in 106 plots, each with 8 seedlings, across a gradient of environmental factors, including habitat type, topographic position, distance to water, and distance to human activity. We divided damage into that due to vertebrates, plant debris, and unknown agents. From our 16,960 monthly stem assessments, 1,289 damage events were recorded. The mean “seedling” damage per year (± 1 SE) was 59.5 ± 2.3%. Damage was significantly more frequent in sites dominated by short herbs (66.1 ± 3.0) than in sites dominated by shrubs (60.1 ± 2.6) and ferns (47.9 ± 2.7). The mean percentage of damage by each class of agents was 45.8 ± 2.1% for vertebrates, 21.4 ± 2.1% for plant debris, and 3.8 ± 0.6% for unknown agents. These rates surpass those reported in other montane forests, likely reflecting the density of large vertebrates in our site. Our results indicate that most damage to artificial seedlings arises from larger vertebrates but that most spatial variation in this damage reflects the impacts of falling plant debris. These damage processes appear sufficient to constrain the regeneration of tree species in areas where forest cover is patchy and fragmented.
Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women with severe obesity – Effects of a structured weight loss programme
Authors: Kataoka Josefin , Larsson Ingrid , Björkman Sofia , Eliasson Björn , Schmidt Johanna , Stener‐Victorin Elisabet 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveExisting data are contradictory on the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35 kg/m2), and there are few studies investigating the effect of weight reduction in women with severe obesity and PCOS. The aim was to study the prevalence of PCOS and MetS among women with severe obesity and to evaluate the effect of a 12‐months weight loss programme on the prevalence of PCOS and MetS.Design/ParticipantsIn total, 298 women with severe obesity were enrolled whereof 246 women had complete screening data for PCOS and MetS before commencing treatment. Weight loss intervention included very low energy diet. At 12‐months follow‐up, 72 women with complete data remained and were re‐examined with baseline parameters.ResultsAt baseline, the prevalence of PCOS was 25.6% and in this group, the prevalence of MetS was 43.4% in PCOS vs 43.3% in controls (ns). At 12‐months follow‐up, weight loss in women with PCOS was 12.3 ± 10.7 kg (P < .001) and in non‐PCOS 13.9 ± 13.4 kg (P < .001) with no between group difference. Women without PCOS decreased in total bone mass.ConclusionsPolycystic ovary syndrome occurs in one out of four women with severe obesity. The prevalence of MetS does not differ between women with or without PCOS with severe obesity. There was a significant weight loss in both groups but no difference between groups regarding change in metabolic parameters.
Clostridioides difficile colonization and infection in patients admitted for a first autologous transplantation: Incidence, risk factors, and patient outcomes
Authors: Ford Clyde D. , Lopansri Bert K. , Coombs Jana , Webb Brandon J. , Nguyen Andy , Asch Julie , Hoda Daanish 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMore data are needed regarding the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and colonization in patients undergoing an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT).MethodsWe studied 472 consecutive patients admitted for a first AHSCT and conducted a prospective C difficile stool surveillance and ribotyping analysis in a subset of 94 patients.ResultsClostridioides difficile infection was diagnosed in 7% of patients for an incidence of 3.4 CDI/1000 inpatient days, recurrent/reinfection CDI was rare. CDI was increased in patients who were colonized on admission, had required a recent pre‐admission inpatient stay for fever and/or serious infection, or received empiric therapy with a carbapenem or extended‐spectrum penicillin. CDI was associated with a longer length of stay and higher hospital costs. Twelve of 94 patients (13%) were found to have colonization on admission; CDI was diagnosed in 27% of these vs 1% in those with initial negative stools. Colonization in the hospital for those negative on admission was infrequent. C difficile ribotyping showed a predominance of 014/020.ConclusionsClostridioides difficile infection is a significant infection in patients receiving a first AHSCT. The risk factors identified may be useful in designing preventive interventions.
Stepping up early treatment for help‐seeking youth with at‐risk mental states: Feasibility and acceptability of a real‐world exercise program
Authors: Lederman Oscar , Ward Philip B. , Rosenbaum Simon , Maloney Chris , Watkins Andrew , Teasdale Scott , Morell Rachel , Curtis Jackie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionYouth with at‐risk mental states (ARMS) have low levels of physical activity (PA), reduced fitness levels and experience poor sleep quality. These lifestyle factors exacerbate mental health symptoms and increase cardiometabolic disease risk. PA interventions can help prevent this decline in physical health whilst reducing mental health symptom severity. Whether PA interventions are feasible and acceptable amongst youth with ARMS is unclear.MethodsThis study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of headspace Active, a pragmatic PA program offered to 14 to 25 year olds with ARMS. The 12‐week exercise physiologist‐led intervention was conducted in adjunct to usual care. Feasibility was determined by number of referrals, attendance, engagement in exercise sessions and dropout from the intervention. Acceptability was assessed by a 10‐item questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included anthropometry, cardiorespiratory fitness and strength. Subjective PA levels, symptoms of depression and anxiety, sleep, motivation and quality of life were also assessed.ResultsWithin 12 months, 77% of referrals completed the 12‐week intervention (n = 20), with six dropouts. Of the 20 “completers”, 95% attended at least five sessions over the 12‐week intervention. Participants found the program highly acceptable (mean = 41.2/50 on the 10‐item acceptability questionnaire) and experienced significant improvements in PA, strength, motivation, depressive symptoms and sleep quality post‐intervention. No changes in anthropometry were observed.ConclusionResults suggest headspace Active was feasible and acceptable and was associated with improvements in physical and mental health outcomes among ARMS youth. Given the potential scalability of this real‐world PA program to other youth mental health settings, these data have implications for best practice implementation of PA interventions for individuals with emerging mental illness.
Winter climate change and the poleward range expansion of a tropical invasive tree (Brazilian pepper—Schinus terebinthifolius)
Authors: Osland Michael J. , Feher Laura C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWinter climate change is expected to lead to the tropicalization of temperate ecosystems, where tropical species expand poleward in response to a decrease in the intensity and duration of winter temperature extremes (i.e., freeze events). In the southeastern United States, freezing temperatures control the northern range limits of many invasive nonnative species. Here, we examine the influence of freezing temperatures and winter climate change on the northern range limits of an invasive nonnative tree—Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper). Since introduction in the 1800s, Brazilian pepper has invaded ecosystems throughout south and central Florida to become the state's most widespread nonnative plant species. Although Brazilian pepper is sensitive to freezing temperatures, temperature controls on its northern distribution have not been adequately quantified. We used temperature and plant occurrence data to quantify the sensitivity of Brazilian pepper to freezing temperatures. Then, we examined the potential for range expansion under three alternative future climate scenarios (+2°C, +4°C, and +6°C). Our analyses identify a strong nonlinear sigmoidal relationship between minimum temperature and Brazilian pepper presence, with a discrete threshold temperature occurring near −11°C. Our future scenario analyses indicate that, in response to warming winter temperatures, Brazilian pepper is expected to expand northward and transform ecosystems in north Florida and across much of the Gulf of Mexico and south Atlantic coasts of the United States. These results underscore the importance of early detection and rapid response efforts to identify and manage the northward invasion of Brazilian pepper in response to climate change. Looking more broadly, our work highlights the need to anticipate and prepare for the tropicalization of temperate ecosystems by tropical invasive species.
Practice guideline update summary: Acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents
Authors: Oskoui Maryam , Pringsheim Tamara , Holler‐Managan Yolanda , Potrebic Sonja , Billinghurst Lori , Gloss David , Hershey Andrew D. , Licking Nicole , Sowell Michael , Victorio M. Cristina , Gersz Elaine M. , Leininger Emily , Zanitsch Heather , Yonker Marcy , Mack Kenneth 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo provide evidence‐based recommendations for the acute symptomatic treatment of children and adolescents with migraine.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature and rated risk of bias of included studies according to the American Academy of Neurology classification of evidence criteria. A multidisciplinary panel developed practice recommendations, integrating findings from the systematic review and following an Institute of Medicine‐compliant process to ensure transparency and patient engagement. Recommendations were supported by structured rationales, integrating evidence from the systematic review, related evidence, principles of care, and inferences from evidence.ResultsThere is evidence to support the efficacy of the use of ibuprofen, acetaminophen (in children and adolescents), and triptans (mainly in adolescents) for the relief of migraine pain, although confidence in the evidence varies between agents. There is high confidence that adolescents receiving oral sumatriptan/naproxen and zolmitriptan nasal spray are more likely to be headache free at 2 hours than those receiving placebo. No acute treatments were effective for migraine‐related nausea or vomiting; some triptans were effective for migraine‐related phonophobia and photophobia.RecommendationsRecommendations for the treatment of acute migraine in children and adolescents focus on the importance of early treatment, choosing the route of administration best suited to the characteristics of the individual migraine attack, and providing counselling on lifestyle factors that can exacerbate migraine, including trigger avoidance and medication overuse.
Sequences of toddler negative emotion and parent–toddler verbal communication during a waking day
Authors: Fields‐Olivieri Margaret A. , Cole Pamela M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough the second year of life is characterized by dramatic changes in expressive language and by increases in negative emotion expression, verbal communication and emotional communication are often studied separately. With a sample of twenty‐five one‐year‐olds (12–23 months), we used Language Environment Analysis (LENA; Xu, Yapanel, & Gray, 2009, Reliability of the LENA™ language environment analysis system in young children’s natural home environment. LENA Foundation) to audio‐record and quantify parent–toddler communication, including toddlers’ vocal negative emotion expressions, across a full waking day. Using a multilevel extension of lag‐sequential analysis, we investigated whether parents are differentially responsive to toddlers’ negative emotion expressions compared to their verbal or preverbal vocalizations, and we examined the effects of parents’ verbal responses on toddlers’ subsequent communicative behavior. Toddlers’ negative emotions were less likely than their vocalizations to be followed by parent speech. However, when negative emotions were followed by parent speech, toddlers were most likely to vocalize next. Post hoc analyses suggest that older toddlers and toddlers with higher language abilities were more likely to shift from negative emotion to verbal or preverbal vocalization following parent response. Implications of the results for understanding the parent–toddler communication processes that support both emotional development and verbal development are discussed.
Growth behavior of TiB2 hexagonal plates prepared via a molten‐salt‐mediated carbothermal reduction
Authors: Song Shaolei , Zhang Tong , Xie Chen , Zhou Jianmin , Li Rong , Zhen Qiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTiB2 powders were successfully synthesized by a molten‐salt‐mediated carbothermal reduction method. The products obtained at 1300°C for 2 hours were hexagonal plates with side length of 3‐8 μm and thicknesses of 200‐500 nm. The microstructural evolution with temperature confirmed that the growth of TiB2 hexagonal plates was a layer‐by‐layer growth controlled by a two‐dimensional nucleation. No‐uniform grains were observed attached on side and step edges of TiB2 plates, which became finer and disappeared during the growth. This indicated that layer growth and growth on the side of TiB2 plates followed the surface adsorption growth model.
Impact of new hypertension guidelines on target organ damage screening in a Shanghai community‐dwelling population
Authors: Wang Qian , Chao Huijuan , Zheng Shuping , Tan Isabella , Butlin Mark , Avolio Alberto , Zuo Junli 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecently, the 2017 ACC/AHA released new hypertension guidelines and proposed a redefinition of hypertension from 140/90 to 130/80 mm Hg. This study assesses the impact of the lower threshold for hypertension diagnosis on the association of hypertension with target organ damage (TOD). Health checks were conducted in a community‐dwelling population in Shanghai in 2017 (N = 10 826; 43.26% mean, age 62 ± 12 years [range 29‐95 years]). Subclinical TOD indices were quantified in terms of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by electrocardiogram (Sokolow‐Lyon standard), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and presence of proteinuria. Information on clinical TOD was obtained by questionnaire. Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was determined by the 2013 ACC/ AHA recommended guidelines. Compared to the higher threshold (140/90 mm Hg), the lower threshold (130/80 mm Hg) was associated with variable rates of increased detection of hypertension and TOD: (a) Hypertension: incidence of hypertension, 29.5% (51.8%‐81.5%) increase in persons with hypertension if the threshold of 130/80 mm Hg is used; (b) Subclinical TOD: LVH, 20.8%; eGFR (30‐60 mL/min per 1.73 m2), 23.7%; proteinuria, 23.5%; (c) Clinical TOD: chronic kidney disease (CKD) IV (eGFR＜30 mL/min per 1.73 m2), 3.1%; diabetes (fasting glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L or HbA1C＞7.0%), 24.3%; stroke, 26.4%; chronic heart disease, 28.1%; acute myocardial infarction, 19.5% (69.4% to 88.9% of total of 36); ASCVD ≥10%, 29.3%. The lower threshold was associated with a significantly higher detection rate of clinical and subclinical TOD of approximately 20% compared to the higher threshold. 15%‐20% of TOD and 29% of ASCVD were also found below the lower threshold of hypertension.
Skin cancer protective behaviors among welders of west of Iran: Importance of access to protective equipment
Authors: Roydel Masoomeh , Harooni Javad , Shariatinia Sedigheh , Karimzadeh Shirazi Kambiz 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundWelders are normally at risk of skin cancer due to continuous contact with natural ultraviolet rays and welding radiation. Protective behaviors against the radiations are the most fundamental measures taken to prevent skin cancer in these individuals.AimsThis research aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the protective behaviors in welders.Patients/MethodsIn this cross‐sectional research, participants were selected by the census method, and the research tool was a reliable and valid questionnaire filled by 154 welders in Yasuj, Iran. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and independent t test.ResultsThe highest age frequency was related to the age‐group of 36‐45 years, and the highest frequency of work experience was less than 10 years. In terms of the level of education, most welders had a diploma or a higher degree. In addition, most behaviors reported included using gloves, whereas the least applied method was using sunscreen cream, the most important cause of which was the high cost of the cream. In this regard, the Pearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated a negative association between skin cancer and job difficulty. In addition, performing of protective behaviors decreased in the target group by aging.ConclusionGiven the unfavorable mean skin cancer protective behaviors in the welders, it is recommended that interventions, such as planned education, access to protective tools, and periodic skin examinations by a physician, be carried out to promote the health of these individuals and facilitate performing protective behaviors.
Investigating variability and behaviour of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides strains from lesions of coffee blister spot
Authors: Pereira Lucas Fidelis , de Souza Elaine Aparecida , Pereira Fernanda Aparecida Castro , Gonçalves Flávia Maria Avelar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCoffee blister spot has been associated with species from the Colletotrichum genus, but there is no information on the variability of isolates present on leaf lesions. This study evaluated a population of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides strains from blister spot lesions in Coffea arabica. Colletotrichum spp. isolates were collected from blister spot lesions on leaves of coffee trees from Catuaí and Topázio cultivars (Coffea arabica). Monosporic cultures were obtained from colonies with sporulation. A pathogenicity test was carried out by inoculation of pathogens on the leaves of young coffee plants. C. gloeosporioides strains were characterized by morphologial, cytological and physiological analyses. The molecular analysis was carried out using Inter‐Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) markers. C. gloeosporioides strains showed no pathogenicity on coffee plants and presented a wide variability in all traits evaluated. The presence of sexual strains, formation of CATs (conidial anastomosis tubes) among conidial strains and high mycelial compatibility among strains observed suggest the occurrence of sexual and asexual recombination. The role of these C. gloeosporioides strains on the lesions of coffee plant leaves is unclear.
Metabolisable energy intake and growth of privately owned growing dogs in comparison with official recommendations on the growth curve and energy supply
Authors: Klein Carmen , Thes Melanie , Böswald Linda F. , Kienzle Ellen 
Published: September 2019

The correct assumption of metabolisable energy (ME) requirement is essential for the nutrition consultation and diet formulation. In young dogs, too high energy supply can accelerate growth and thus lead to developmental orthopaedic diseases. The aim of the present study was to collect the data on ME intake and body weight (BW) development in privately owned growing dogs in order to compare these data with the current recommendations. Our hypothesis was that the actual ME intake of healthy young dogs would be lower than the actual recommendation. The data of 493 privately owned puppies (median age at first consultation 21 weeks, the median expected mature BW 30 kg) on ME intake, actual and expected mature BW were collected and compared with recommendations of the Society of Nutrition Physiology (GfE, Meyer and Zentek and NRC). In 243 dogs, there was a follow‐up. The actual BW did not deviate systematically from the calculated expected BW (R2 = .929). The ME intake significantly decreased with age (p < .05) and significantly increased with expected mature BW (p < .05). There was no significant interaction between these two parameters (p > .05). Sex had no effect on the ME intake (p > .05). The ME intake of young dogs with a history of skeletal problems or of food allergy did not differ systematically from healthy dogs of similar age and expected mature BW. The ME intake was considerably below NRC recommendations, especially in younger puppies (>8–17 weeks: 78%, >17–26 weeks: 83% of NRC recommendation). A predictive linear equation for ME intake was developed: ME intake (MJ) = (1.063 − 0.565 × [actual BW/expected mature BW]) × actual BW0.75.
Pharmacokinetics of a modified, compounded theophylline product in dogs
Authors: Cavett Carrie L. , Li Zhong , McKiernan Brendan C. , Reinhart Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTheophylline is a commonly used bronchodilator drug for treatment of chronic canine bronchitis, but no formulations validated in dogs are currently available. An oral, modified and compounded theophylline product (MCT), which could fulfil this need, is available through a USP‐compliant, veterinary compounding pharmacy; however, its pharmacokinetic properties are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of MCT. Plasma drug concentrations were measured in seven healthy, fed dogs after single doses of intravenous aminophylline (8.6 mg/kg theophylline equivalent) and oral MCT (10 mg/kg). Systemic bioavailability of the MCT was 96.2 ± 32.9%. MCT times to maximum concentration, mean absorption time and terminal half‐life were 8.85 ± 3.63, 6.95 ± 3.42, and 8.67 ± 1.62 hr, respectively. Based on simulations of 10 mg/kg and 12‐hr dosing, steady‐state plasma theophylline concentrations are expected to exceed the minimum therapeutic concentration for 71.7 ± 35.6% of the dosing interval. Overall, the MCT product investigated showed similar pharmacokinetic characteristics compared to previously validated extended‐release theophylline products. An oral dose of 10 mg/kg q 12 hr is likely an appropriate dosage to begin therapy; however, therapeutic drug monitoring may be warranted because of inter‐individual variation.
Fast bridge deflection monitoring through an improved feature tracing algorithm
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCompletely non‐contact and fast measurements are still the focus of vision‐based monitoring in real‐bridge applications. Overall, a fast deflection measurement method, that traces the natural features of structures instead of artificial targets, was developed in this study. More specifically, due to the tiny scale change between images and the small deformation level of small and medium bridges, a simplified fast‐Hessian detector and a pre‐purification‐based RANdom Sampling Consistency (RANSAC) were proposed and verified by performing experiments under different illuminations. The non‐target deformation measurement method based on an improved algorithm was applied to field testing of an arch bridge with 100 m main girder and showed better processing speed and sub‐pixel accuracy than their originals. The optical results obtained by an industrial camera were consistent with other contact‐type sensors, such as level gauges and inclinometers.