bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic assessment of triticale‐based biorefinery strategies: sustainability assessment using multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM)
Authors: Sanaei Shabnam , Chambost Virginie , Stuart Paul R 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTriticale – a hybrid of rye and wheat – is a man‐made crop that has the potential to be a preferred feedstock for the biorefinery in Canada because of its ability to grow on marginal land, its high yields, and its non‐competition with food‐based crops. However, it is challenging to identify sustainable investment options among the many possible triticale‐based biorefinery pathways. Several product‐process combinations for the production of polylactic acid (PLA) were defined in this study, each involving different degrees of technology and market risk. The different biorefinery configurations had conflicting rankings considering different criteria, making a trade‐off analysis essential to assess the most sustainable biorefinery strategies. Economic, competitive, and environmental dimensions of the biorefinery alternatives were thus evaluated in a multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) panel, so that the triticale‐based biorefinery strategies could be ranked using a sustainability perspective.In this study, a set of ten criteria determined as the most important through previously‐conducted MCDMs were presented to a decision‐making panel. They determined that for PLA production, maximizing electricity production through a straw‐dedicated CHP unit was the least sustainable investment option, due to poor economic and competitiveness performance associated with its capital‐intensiveness and its failure to include a value‐added product portfolio. Therefore, this investment option was screened out from the list of strategies to be further analyzed. On the other hand, options featuring higher technology risk including energy‐efficient separation processes (ultra‐filtration) and integrated fermentation processes (SSCF) attained significantly better sustainability scores due mainly to their low energy and raw materials consumption values. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Facile Synthesis, Triplet‐State Properties, and Electrochemistry of Hexaiodo‐Subphthalocyanine
Authors: Obłoza Magdalena , Łapok Łukasz , Solarski Jędrzej , Pędziński Tomasz , Nowakowska Maria 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn view of the ever‐growing demand for efficient triplet photosensitizers and photoactive components of various optoelectronic devices, we herein report the synthesis and properties of hexaiodo‐subphthalocyanines (I6SubPcs). The improved five‐step route to 4,5‐diiodophthalonitrile, which serves as precursor for the synthesis of the I6SubPcs, is reported. The improved synthesis merely required one chromatographic separation to afford the high‐purity target product. Highly desirable photophysical and photochemical properties were induced in the I6SubPcs due to the presence of six heavy iodine atoms. In particular, high values of the singlet‐oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) ranging from 0.83 to 0.9 were measured. The I6SubPcs investigated proved to be phosphorescent at 77 K in 2‐MeTHF with emission band maxima (λP) located at λ=957 and 970 nm. The excited‐triplet‐state energies (ET) were estimated to be approximately 1.30 eV, whereas the triplet lifetimes (τT) were found to be 27.7 and 30.1 μs. The CV/DPV measurements indicated that both I6SubPcs exhibited one irreversible oxidation and one quasi‐reversible reduction. The spectroelectrochemical measurements pointed to a relative stability and reversibility of the electrochemically formed anion radical, that is, I6SubPc.−, and an instability of the species formed upon one‐electron oxidation, that is, I6SubPc.+. Estimation of EHOMO gave a value of approximately −5.8 eV whereas ELUMO was found to be located at around −3.8 eV.
Neutral, Cationic and Hydride‐Substituted Siloxygermylenes
Authors: Roy Matthew M. D. , Fujimori Shiori , Ferguson Michael J. , McDonald Robert , Tokitoh Norihiro , Rivard Eric 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Eric Rivard at the University of Alberta and colleagues in Kyoto University (Norihiro Tokitoh group). The image depicts a low coordinate germanium complex, which was used to induce the catalytic reduction of ketones to value added products. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201802958.
Application of knowledge‐based cognitive CAPTCHA in Cloud of Things security
Authors: Ogiela Marek R. , Krzyworzeka Natalia , Ogiela Lidia 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCurrent visual CAPTCHA designs are incorporating a number of techniques, which should prevent bots or unauthorized users from correct image fragmentation and symbol recognition, but the designs are varying very much in level of safety and robustness and may not be user‐friendly enough for broader use. This paper attempts to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of current solutions, from the security and user‐friendliness point of view. It also presents another approach to visual CAPTCHA generating algorithm that consists of many different styles of letters, combined with a purposeful background. Depicted CAPTCHA was created with the focus centered on strengthening scheme against different image detection techniques, especially character and pattern recognition. Such CAPTCHA can be applied for different security purposes in modern Cloud of Things technologies. In this paper is also presented an idea of cognitive CAPTCHAs which required special knowledge and perceptual skills. Such CAPTCHA may play important role in future security protocols.
Multi‐objective approach of energy efficient workflow scheduling in cloud environments
Authors: Rehman Attiqa , Hussain Syed S. , ur Rehman Zia , Zia Seemal , Shamshirband Shahaboddin 
Published: August 2018

SummaryScheduling the tasks of a workflow to the cloud resources is a well‐known N‐P hard problem. The stakeholders involved in a cloud environment have different interests in scheduling problem. In addition to the traditional objectives like makespan, budget, and deadline, optimized in workflow scheduling, considering the green aspect of cloud, (ie, energy consumption) increase the problem complexity. Moreover, the interests of a cloud's stakeholders are conflicting, and satisfying all these interests simultaneously is a big problem. In this paper, we proposed a new Multi‐Objective Genetic Algorithm(MOGA) for workflow scheduling in a cloud environment. MOGA considered the conflicting interest of the cloud stakeholders for optimization and provided a solution, which not only minimizes the makespan under the budget and deadline constraints but also provided an energy efficient solution using the dynamic voltage frequency scaling. We provided a gap search algorithm in this paper, which is used to optimize the resource utilization of the cloud's resources. We compared our results with genetic algorithms considering the budget, deadline, and energy efficiency individually. We also compared the performance of MOGA with Multi‐objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) with the same objectives as those of MOGA. To the best of our knowledge, there is no solution presented in the literature that considers the diverse objectives considered in this work. The results show that our proposed algorithm MOGA has significantly improved not only in terms of budget, deadline, and energy but also improved the utilization of cloud's resources as compared to the competitive algorithms of this work.
Multistimuli‐Responsive Materials from Benzothiadiazole‐Based Charge‐Transfer Chromophores: Interdependence of Optical Properties and Aggregation
Authors: Bardi Brunella , Dall'Agnese Chunxiang , Tassé Marine , Ladeira Sonia , Painelli Anna , Moineau‐Chane Ching Kathleen I. , Terenziani Francesca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA family of multipolar V‐shaped chromophores bearing an A′‐D‐A‐D‐A′ structure were investigated, where 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole, acting as the central electron acceptor (A), is linked to two thiophene‐based electron‐donating moieties (D) end‐capped with alkyl‐cyanoacetate substituents (A′). The spectroscopic properties of thin films and powders were investigated and were compared to solutions and nanoaggregates. The optical properties strongly depended on the aggregation state and could be tuned by means of thermal treatment (annealing) of the films and through mechanical treatment (grinding) of the powders, demonstrating that these materials are multistimuli responsive. The spectroscopic analysis revealed the partial formation of J‐aggregates both in the films and in powders, despite the weak luminescence. This behavior was interpreted as due to the partial formation of poorly fluorescent red‐shifted aggregates acting as a sink in an efficient excitation energy‐transfer process from J‐aggregates.
Deep phenotyping of immune cell populations by optimized and standardized flow cytometry analyses
Authors: Pitoiset Fabien , Cassard Lydie , El Soufi Karim , Boselli Lisa , Grivel Jonathan , Roux Alexandra , Klatzmann David , Chaput Nathalie , Rosenzwajg Michelle 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMulticolor flow cytometry is a technology of choice for phenotyping of immune cells, and it can be used routinely for the follow up of patients in clinical trials. But it is challenging to define combinations of conjugated antibodies that efficiently allow the detailed analysis of major immune cell subsets and the identification of rare cell populations. In a collaborative work among the Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunotherapy (I3) laboratory, and the laboratory of immunomonitoring in oncology (L.I.O), we developed and validated 12 different 10‐color flow cytometry panels that allow the deep immunophenotyping of cells from whole blood for the follow up of autoimmune and cancer patients. Here, we describe these optimized flow cytometry panels, showing that they provide the advanced analysis of T cells (including regulatory T cells), B cells, NK cells, MAIT cells, myeloid cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Most of the panels have been dried to improve standardization of the labeling and the entire procedure can be performed on less than 2 ml of whole blood. These deep immunophenotyping flow cytometry panels constitute a powerful tool for the monitoring of immune blood cells and will hopefully lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in autoimmune and cancer clinical trials. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Interval type‐2 fuzzy Kalman filter aided individual channel estimation in MIMO relay systems
Authors: Kaur Harmandar , Khosla Mamta , Sarin R.K. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryFor a multiple input multiple output relay system, the overall system performance is dependent on the effectiveness of the channel estimation technique adopted. In real time, communicating nodes have Doppler offset influences associated with them owing to high mobility that largely affects the characteristics of underlying channels. Thus, for the complete characterisation of the channel under fast time varying fading conditions, the estimation of the Doppler offset influences along with the channel coefficients becomes inevitable. However, the combined estimation of the channel and the Doppler influences renders the overall estimation problem nonlinear. In literature, majority of the channel estimation methods assume that the Doppler offset influences are already known to the receiver node or nodes are assumed to be stationary. In this paper, a novel hybrid interval type‐2 fuzzy aided Kalman filter method is proposed for the nonlinear channel estimation problem in one‐way two‐hop multiple input multiple output relay system. This channel estimation issue is represented as a nonlinear state space model, and the proposed hybrid method that combines the merits offered by the interval type‐2 fuzzy interpolation and the Kalman filter approach is applied to address the issue. For type reduction, Nie‐Tan method is adopted which is a low computational load extension of the widely used Karnik‐Mendel approach. Furthermore, a computational complexity analysis has been performed. The proposed hybrid interval type‐2 fuzzy based Kalman filter approach shows good performance‐complexity trade off under fast time varying channel conditions for one‐way two‐hop multiple input multiple output relay system.
A reliable, secure, and energy efficient smart grid node allocation algorithm for heterogeneous network scenarios
Authors: Kouhdaragh Vahid , Tarchi Daniele , Vanelli‐Coralli Alessandro 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe legacy power grid was becoming inefficient in the last decades, mostly due to a changed behavior in energy consumption and generation. To this aim, a novel approach, called smart grid (SG), has been introduced, enabling a smarter management of the electrical power grid, mostly based on a more efficient monitoring and management of the energy consumption and generation by exploiting the presence of sensing and actuator nodes. To properly work, the SG nodes need to interact among themselves and with the centralized monitoring system; therefore, an integrated SG communication network (SGCN) should be considered in the design. In this paper, wireless communication technologies have been considered for the SGCN due to their advantages with respect to wired connections, by focusing on heterogeneous networks (HetNets). However, because of radio resource shortage, an optimization process for their deployment should be considered. We resort in the following to a cost functions approach for optimizing the allocation of the SG node types to different Radio Access Technologies by considering both communication and energy aspects. The numerical results highlight that, thanks to the proposed allocation approach, it is possible to implement an efficient HetNet for supporting different SG node types by trading off between communication requirements and energy consumption.
Seismic performances of AAC masonry: a review of experimental and numerical approaches
Authors: Miccoli Lorenzo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAutoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) has been of growing interest for its structural performances, thanks to its high strength‐to‐weight ratio and low bulk density. The prominent advantage of AAC is its lightweight, this aspect in seismic‐prone areas can be beneficial for the seismic performances of a building. The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of seismic performance of load‐bearing masonry made of AAC, based on the past studies carried out in this field. Results on the assessment of the in‐plane cyclic response of walls with and without reinforcements are reported. In addition, the response of an AAC confined masonry buildings tested on the shaking table is presented. The second part of the paper shows the numerical simulation of the building response based on linear and nonlinear static (push‐over) methods. According to authorś findings, unreinforced AAC masonry buildings with a regular geometry can face low to medium seismic events. For severe seismic events, a significant damage can be expected in AAC multistorey buildings. To achieve higher seismic performance, the AAC masonry must be combined with other structural systems as confined masonry or bed‐joint reinforced walls.
Marine fauna sort at fine resolution in an ecotone of shifting wetland foundation species
Authors: Johnston Cora A. , Gruner Daniel S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClimate‐driven global change is shifting the distribution and abundance of foundation species that form the base of ecosystems. The corresponding responses of inhabitant species to shifts in habitat‐forming species are poorly understood, however we expect community responses to depend on how species perceive habitat patches and sort among them, particularly along range edges. We used the poleward shift of a mangrove–marsh ecotone to evaluate sorting of marine macrofauna (small fish and decapod crustaceans) among vegetation patches at a series of nested scales. Within the mangrove–marsh ecotone, we deployed retrievable panels of artificial vegetation structures mimicking a marsh grass and two mangrove species in patches dominated by each of these three foundation species. Over six months, we observed macrofaunal sorting by physical structure, isolated on panels, and by patch type, which included stand‐level attributes such as production, shading, and chemical cues. We found multiscale partitioning of macrofaunal community composition by site (kilometer scale), vegetation type, and patch type with stand attributes (meters), and physical structure (centimeters). Differences in community composition between vegetation types at each scale indicated that mangroves and marsh grass differ as habitat for marine fauna and that wetland inhabitants can distinguish and sort among fine‐grain habitat patches that co‐occur within the ecotone. Such differences suggest that shifts in wetland vegetation are consequential for the protection and management of coastal populations. Studies that determine which habitat attributes shape inhabitant fauna associations can help reveal not just the spatial grain at which inhabitants associate with emerging frontier habitat but also how the redistribution of foundation species shapes the pace and resolution of broader community change.
Adult‐onset type 1 diabetes: Predictors of glycaemic control
Authors: Hesse Dan , Boysen Louise , Ridderstråle Martin 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAimsKnowledge about adult‐onset (AO) type 1 diabetes remains insufficient. We sought to characterize the initial 5 years of AO type 1 diabetes and hypothesized that initial factors predictive of subsequent glycaemic control might exist.Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort study based on electronic medical records of 280 subjects with newly diagnosed AO type 1 diabetes (>18 years of age, excluding secondary and latent autoimmune diabetes) with available data for the initial 5‐year treatment.ResultsCharacteristics at diagnosis: 61% men, mean age 37 ± 12 years, BMI 23 ± 3.3 (kg/m2), systolic/diastolic blood pressure: 123 ± 15/76 ± 9 mm Hg and LDL cholesterol: 2.9 ± 0.9 mmol/L. HbA1c decreased from 106 mmol/mol (11.8%) at diagnosis to 52 mmol/mol (6.9%) at 6 months and then increased gradually to 67 mmol/mol (8.3%) after 5 years. Strict glycaemic control (<53 mmol/mol (7%)) was achieved by 66% within 6‐9 months and 30% after 5 years. Comparing patients with and without strict glycaemic control after 5 years revealed no differences in HbA1c, C‐peptide or any other diabetes‐related parameter at the time of diagnosis. However, reaching strict control within 6‐9 months after diagnosis was strongly associated with remaining in strict control after 5 years (OR: 9.2 (CI‐95% 4.0‐20.9; P < 0.0001)). Conversely, patients who did not achieve early strict control were very unlikely to be well controlled after 5 years.ConclusionsLong‐term tight glycaemic control in subjects with AO type 1 diabetes is both achievable and to some extent predictable. Whether alternative strategies shortly after diagnosis would benefit patients with insufficient glycaemic control should be investigated.
Distinguishing enantiomeric amino acids with chiral cyclodextrin adducts and structures for lossless ion manipulations
Authors: Nagy Gabe , Chouinard Christopher D. , Attah Isaac K. , Webb Ian K. , Garimella Sandilya V. B. , Ibrahim Yehia M. , Baker Erin S. , Smith Richard D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEnantiomeric molecular evaluations remain an enormous challenge for current analytical techniques. To date, derivatization strategies and long separation times are generally required in these studies, and the development and implementation of new approaches are needed to increase speed and distinguish currently unresolvable compounds. Herein, we describe a method using chiral cyclodextrin adducts and structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) and serpentine ultralong path with extended routing (SUPER) ion mobility (IM) to achieve rapid, high resolution separations of d and l enantiomeric amino acids. In the analyses, a chiral cyclodextrin is added to each sample. Two cyclodextrins were found to complex each amino acid molecule (i.e. potentially sandwiching the amino acid in their cavities) and forming host‐guest noncovalent complexes that were distinct for each d and l amino acid pair studied and thus separable with IM in SLIM devices. The SLIM was also used to accumulate much larger ion populations than previously feasible for evaluation and therefore allow enantiomeric measurements of higher sensitivity, with gains in resolution from our ultralong path separation capabilities, than previously reported by any other IM–based approach.
Understanding processes of island development on an island braided river over timescales from days to decades
Authors: Gurnell Angela M. , Bertoldi Walter , Francis Robert A. , Gurnell John , Mardhiah Ulfah 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBar colonization by vegetation and subsequent island formation is a key bio‐geomorphological process in fluvial landscape evolution. Here we investigate morphological and ecological evolution of river islands over timescales from single floods to decades, focusing on islands initiated by deposited trees that sprout to form vegetated patches.On a braided reach of the high‐energy Tagliamento River, Italy, we monitored 30 pioneer islands of 1 to 17 years age in comparison with unvegetated bar surfaces, open areas between islands, and established island surfaces. We integrated morphological, surface sediment and vegetation properties of islands initiated by different flood events, combining evidence from remotely‐sensed and ground observations, flow and climate time series.At a decadal timescale, pioneer islands aggrade rapidly to the elevation of the mean annual flood, showing a steady increase in vegetation canopy height, fining of surface sediments from predominantly gravel to silty‐sand with a notable clay and organic fraction. The standing vegetation included over 130 species, with the largest number on island surfaces of intermediate elevation and flood disturbance. As islands age, standing vegetation becomes comprised mainly of competitor species with transient seed banks and typical of woodland, scrub, pasture and wetland habitats, whereas the winter seedbank is dominated on all surfaces by ruderal species with persistent seedbanks, mainly associated with aquatic, wetland, pasture, arable and wasteland habitats. At shorter timescales, the biogeomorphological trajectory of pioneer islands is initiated by large flood events that control the elevation of deposited trees, and subsequent flows that control tree survival and establishment. Island morphological evolution depends on the frequency‐magnitude of sediment and seed delivery and redistribution by flood and possibly wind events, whereas island ability to retain sediments reflects the degree of vegetation establishment, which in the short‐term may vary with seasonal to annual moisture supply, substrate characteristics and climatic growth conditions. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.