bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I/II Study of Hepatic Arterial Infusion of Nab-paclitaxel in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma to the Liver
Authors: Vera-Aguilera Jesus , Bedikian Agop Y. , Bassett Roland L. , Hwu Wen-Jen , Kim Kevin B. , Qin Yong , Cain Suzanne , Washington Edwina W. , Davies Michael A. , Patel Sunil M. , Homsi Jade , Papadopoulos Nicholas E. , Hwu Patrick , Patel Sapna P. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of cytotoxic chemotherapy is a strategy to deliver high dose of anticancer therapy to liver metastases that derive their blood supply from the hepatic artery. Metastatic melanoma (MM) has a high incidence of liver metastases, with uveal subtype in particular exhibiting a predilection for liver dissemination. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) has demonstrated efficacy in MM and first-pass hepatic metabolism. Therefore, we hypothesized that HAI of nab-paclitaxel would deliver an effective dose of drug to the end organ of interest, with minimal systemic exposure.

Patient and Methods:
We performed a single-institution open-label phase I/II study of HAI of nab-paclitaxel in MM patients with liver metastasis. Patients received treatment every 21 days at 4 different dose levels. The primary objective of the phase I portion of the study was safety and determination of the maximum-tolerated dose. The primary objective of the phase II portion of the study was overall response rate per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.0.

Results:
A total of 30 patients were treated between 2009 and 2013, 16 of whom had uveal melanoma. The maximum-tolerated dose was 220 mg/m2 and 19 patients were treated at this dose. There was 1 patient (5%) with a partial response at this dose, and 8 patients (42%) with stable disease at this dose.

Conclusions:
HAI nab-paclitaxel demonstrates rare objective responses in melanoma patients with liver metastases. This treatment should be studied in combination with checkpoint blockade or other novel treatments to enhance meaningful responses but should not be considered effective monotherapy.
Mortality Following Hospital Admission for US Active Duty Service Members Diagnosed With Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury, 2004–2014
Authors: Regasa Lemma Ebssa , Kaplan Dorothy A. , Moy Martin Elisabeth M. , Langbein Jean , Johnson Felicia , Chase LCDR Carla 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
To examine mortality among active duty US military service members (SMs) with the diagnosis of penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) and a hospital admission between 2004 and 2014.

Design:
Data on SMs with PTBI and an admission to a military or civilian hospital were obtained from the 2004 to 2014 Military Health System data repository. After applying exclusion criteria, data on 1226 SMs were analyzed.

Main Measures:
The number of observed deaths per 100 identified patients with PTBI and time to death from admission were used as main measures.

Results:
Approximately 25% of the 1226 patients with PTBI included in this study died following admission, with 44.6% of the all deaths occurring within a day following hospital admission and 75% occurring within the first week. Severe comorbid conditions and intentionally self-inflicted injuries are associated with higher mortality rate. SMs' gender, age, year of hospital admission, and service were significantly associated with likelihood of death following PTBI hospitalization. Males had a higher likelihood of dying following hospital admission compared with females (odds ratio = 2.7, confidence interval = 1.03-7.9). SMs in the 35- to 44-year-old and 45- to 64-year-old groups had up to a 2.6 times higher odds of death following their admission compared with the 25- to 34-year-old group. Age, admission year, service, and rank were significantly associated with SMs' time to death from hospitalization. Patients between the ages of 45 and 64 years were significantly more likely to die earlier than other age groups. Furthermore, cases in the Navy Afloat group had a higher fatality rate and were more likely to die earlier than patients in other services. PTBI comorbid conditions and injury type did not significantly affect time to death.

Conclusion:
This study quantifies case fatality rate among hospitalized US SMs with the diagnosis of PTBI. We report a 23.1% crude case fatality rate among the current cohort. Early intensive care for these patients may be the key to improving survival rates.
Adherence to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer therapeutic algorithm for hepatocellular carcinoma in the daily practice: a multicenter cohort study from Argentina
Authors: Piñero Federico , Marciano Sebastián , Fernández Nora , Silva Jorge , Zambelo Yanina , Cobos Manuel , Zerega Alina , Ridruejo Ezequiel , Miguez Carlos , Ameigeiras Beatriz , D’Amico Claudia , Gaite Luis , Coronel Matías , Bermúdez Carla , Rosales Carlos , Romero Gustavo , McCormack Lucas , Reggiardo Virginia , Colombato Luis , Gadano Adrián , Rubinstein Fernando , Silva Marcelo 
Published: March 2018

Background and aim
Adherence to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging algorithm for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is challenging in the daily practice. We aimed to analyze adherence to BCLC along with its effect on patient survival.

Patients and methods
A cohort study was conducted in 14 hospitals from Argentina including patients with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (2009–2016). Adherence was considered when the first treatment was the one recommended by the BCLC.

Results
Overall, 708 patients were included. At diagnosis, BCLC stages were as follows: stage 0 4%, A 43%, B 22%, C 9% and D 22%. Overall, 53% of the patients were treated according to BCLC, 24% were undertreated, and 23% overtreated. Adherence to BCLC increased to 63% in subsequent treatments. Independent factors associated with adherence to BCLC were the presence of portal hypertension [odds ratio: 1.63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–2.39] and BCLC stage C (odds ratio: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12–0.72). In a multivariable model adjusting for portal hypertension and BCLC stages, adherence to BCLC showed improved survival (hazard ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.52–0.87).

Conclusion
Adherence to BCLC represents a challenge in the daily practice, with almost half of the patients being treated accordingly, showing that the decision-making process should be tailored to each individual patient.
Antiviral treatment of childhood influenza: an update
Authors: Moodley Amaran , Bradley John S. , Kimberlin David W. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
Influenza virus can cause severe or life-threatening infection in children. This review provides an update on antiviral medications available to treat and prevent influenza in both healthy children and children with underlying medical conditions, and recommendations on their appropriate use in the outpatient and inpatient settings.

Recent findings
Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with influenza infection, a large number of children hospitalized with influenza do not receive specific antiviral treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor. Although the effectiveness of this intervention has been debated, several recent observational studies have shown the potential benefits conferred by early antiviral treatment. Oral oseltamivir and inhaled zanamivir remain the best studied antiviral agents for influenza treatment and prevention. In addition, the US Food and Drug Administration recently approved peramivir, a novel neuraminidase inhibitor available for intravenous administration.

Summary
Children with suspected or documented influenza infection benefit from early antiviral treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors that can shorten illness duration, decrease symptom severity, and lower the risk of complications leading to hospitalization and death. Unless contraindicated, all hospitalized children, children with underlying medical conditions, and those with severe or progressive symptoms of influenza should receive specific antiviral treatment for influenza with a neuraminidase inhibitor. Additionally, antiviral treatment of influenza-infected children in the outpatient setting should be strongly considered.
E and P Selectins as Potential Markers in the Assessment of the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Tsaroucha Alexandra K. , Schizas Dimitrios , Vailas Michail G. , Rachmani Evangelia , Kanavidis Prodromos , Asimakopoulos Vyron , Vlachos Sotirios , Sotiropoulou Maria , Pitiakoudis Michael S. , Simopoulos Constantinos E. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is commonly associated with the release of adhesion molecules such as E and P selectins. We designed the present study to evaluate the role of selectins as potential markers that could reflect the severity of the disease.

Methods
One hundred fifty patients with AP constituted the patient group, whereas 70 healthy volunteers established the control group. In both groups, blood samples were taken for measurements of E selectin, P selectin, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, and total soluble cytokeratin 18 levels on admission and days 1, 2, 4, and 6.

Results
Values of E and P selectins on admission were both elevated compared with control subjects (P < 0.01). The nonsurvivors had higher values of E selectin (P < 0.04) and P selectin (P < 0.03) on admission. Levels of E and P selectin showed positive correlation with the length of stay (P < 0.05). E selectin on admission yielded a sensitivity of 75% and 78% specificity, whereas P selectin had a sensitivity of 67% and 91% specificity.

Conclusions
Selectin values in the early course of AP may play a role as indicators of overall prognosis, which may help physicians in better understanding the pathophysiology of a benign disease that may have serious and detrimental complications.
A New 2-Step Acceleration Protocol Using a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor to Generate Insulin-Producing Cells From Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Ikemoto Tetsuya , Feng Rui , Shimada Mitsuo , Saito Yu , Iwahashi Shuichi , Morine Yuji , Imura Satoru 
Published: March 2018

Objectives
We aimed to develop a simple protocol for deriving insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). We established a 2-step creation method and an acceleration strategy with a histone deacetylase inhibitor that promoted a pro–endocrine pancreatic lineage.

Methods
We seeded ADSCs in 96-well dishes and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum, 1% B27 supplement, 1% N2 supplement, 50-ng/mL human activin A, and 10-nM exendin-4 for step 1 of differentiation (7 days). Then 10-mM nicotinamide and 50-ng/mL human hepatocyte growth factor, with or without 1 mM histone deacetylase inhibitor, were added for step 2 of differentiation (14 days). After the 2-step differentiation was complete, cell morphology, immunohistochemistry, messenger RNA expression, and function were investigated.

Results
Our new differentiation protocol with the histone deacetylase inhibitor significantly accelerated IPC differentiation compared with the conventional protocol without the histone deacetylase inhibitor (median, 21.6 vs 38.8 days; P < 0.05). It also improved the islet morphology score (P < 0.05) and the glucose stimulation index (3.1).

Conclusions
By applying our new and easy 2-step protocol using a histone deacetylase inhibitor, ADSCs may be an effective cell source for differentiation of IPCs.
Association Between Spasticity and Functional Impairments During the First Year After Stroke in Korea
Authors: Shin Yong-Il , Kim Soo-Yeon , Lee Hae In , Kim Deog Young , Lee Jongmin , Sohn Min Kyun , Lee Sam-Gyu , Oh Gyung-Jae , Lee Yang-Soo , Joo Min Cheol , Han Eun Young , Han Junhee , Moon Myung Hoon , Chang Won Hyuk , Kim Youngtaek , Kim Yun-Hee 
Published: March 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between spasticity severity and functional outcomes during the first year after stroke.

Design
The Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation is a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study of all patients with acute first-ever stroke admitted to participating hospitals in nine Korean areas. To investigate the correlation between spasticity severity and functional status measured by using the Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Functional Independence Measurement (FIM), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC), modified Rankin scale (mRS), and American Speech-Language Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System Swallowing Scale (ASHA-NOMS), data were analyzed at 3, 6, and 12 mos after the occurrence of stroke.

Results
A total of 7359 stroke patients, 3056 were finally included. Prevalence rates of spasticity in patients after stroke were 6.8% at 3 mos, 6.9% at 6 mos, and 7.6% at 12 mos. The scores of mRS and NIHSS were higher and those of K-MBI, FIM, FMA, and ASHA-NOMS were lower in more severe spastic patients, indicating poorer functional outcomes (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the coexistence of spasticity and poor functional outcome during the first year after first-ever stroke patients.
The International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: as valid in 2018 as in 1979, but in need of regularly updated footnotes
Authors: Treede Rolf-Detlef 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Milton Cohen, John Quintner, and Simon van Rysewyk proposed a revision of the IASP definition of pain of 1979. This commentary summarizes, why this proposal is useful for guiding assessment of pain, but not its definition.
Minimal Disease Activity and Patient-Acceptable Symptom State in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Queiro Rubén , Brandy Anahy , Rosado Mª Carmen , Lorenzo Andrés , Coto Pablo , Carriles Carmen , Alperi Mercedes , Ballina Javier 
Published: March 2018

Background/aims
Ustekinumab (UST) is a fully human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody approved for treating moderate to severe psoriasis and, more recently, psoriatic arthritis (PsA) as well. However, information regarding its clinical usefulness in a real-world setting is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of UST in a real-world clinical setting.

Methods
This single-center observational study included PsA outpatients (n = 50) treated with UST from March 2015 to March 2017. Only patients who used at least 3 doses of UST were analyzed. The percentage of patients who achieved a minimal disease activity (MDA) response was collected. The impact of the disease was also evaluated according to the recently developed Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease (PsAID) questionnaire. A binary logistic regression multivariate model was performed to look for variables predicting MDA.

Results
Twenty-seven patients (54%) reached an MDA state. Mean PsAID in MDA group was 3.5 ± 2.9 versus 6.8 ± 5.1 in non-MDA patients (p < 0.001). Among the patients who achieved MDA, 19 (70.4%) had a patient-acceptable symptom state according to the PsAID, whereas only 5 (21.7%) of the 23 patients who did not reach an MDA achieved a patient-acceptable symptom state (p < 0.001). Higher basal Psoriasis Area and Severity Index decreased the odds of achieving MDA (odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65–0.99; p = 0.038), whereas a longer use of UST (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.13–2.06; p = 0.015) and a previous failure to 1 anti–tumor necrosis factor α (OR, 18; 95% CI, 2.52–128.63; p = 0.004) increased this odds. We found no major safety problems.

Conclusions
Ustekinumab was effective and safe in this PsA population. Minimal disease activity and PsAID may be useful tools in the evaluation of PsA therapeutic interventions in routine clinical practice.
Duration of Catheterization After Retropubic Midurethral Sling
Authors: Geynisman-Tan Julia , Dave-Heliker Bhumy , Bochenska Katarzyna , Collins Sarah , Lewicky-Gaupp Christina , Mueller Margaret , Kenton Kimberly 
Published: March 2018

Objective
The objective of this study was to describe the expected duration of self-catheterization in women discharged home performing intermittent self-catheterization (ISC) after retropubic midurethral sling (RMUS).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women who underwent an isolated RMUS by 3 providers between 2009 and 2014 at a single institution. A 300 mL retrograde-fill voiding trial (VT) was performed before discharge. Those who failed their VT (postvoid residual [PVR] >1/3 total bladder volume [TBV]) and could perform ISC are included in this analysis. Subjects were categorized into mild retention (PVR >1/3 and <2/3 the TBV) or severe retention (PVR ≥2/3 the TBV). Patients could discontinue ISC after achieving 2 consecutive PVR volumes of less than 75 mL. Duration of catheterization was determined in days.

Results
Two hundred women underwent isolated RMUS. Forty-seven (23.5%) failed their VT of whom 39 (included in this analysis) could perform ISC and had complete data. Subjects had a mean ± SD age of 49 ± 11 years. The median (interquartile range) PVR volume postoperatively was 250 (190–325) mL. Median (interquartile range) days of postoperative ISC for the cohort was 2 (1–4); 37.5% were catheterized for 1 day, 32.5% for 2 days, 2.5% for 3 days, and 27.5% for more than 3 days. Seventeen (39.5%) met the criteria for mild retention and 26 (60.5%) met the criteria for severe retention. There was no difference in the postoperative catheterization days between the mild and severe retention groups (P = 0.16).

Conclusions
Urinary retention will resolve within 2 days in the majority (73%) of women discharged performing ISC after RMUS.
Evans function computation for the stability of travelling waves
Authors: Barker B. , Humpherys J. , Lyng G. , Lytle J. 
Published: March 2018

In recent years, the Evans function has become an important tool for the determination of stability of travelling waves. This function, a Wronskian of decaying solutions of the eigenvalue equation, is useful both analytically and computationally for the spectral analysis of the linearized operator about the wave. In particular, Evans-function computation allows one to locate any unstable eigenvalues of the linear operator (if they exist); this allows one to establish spectral stability of a given wave and identify bifurcation points (loss of stability) as model parameters vary. In this paper, we review computational aspects of the Evans function and apply it to multidimensional detonation waves.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Stability of nonlinear waves and patterns and related topics’.
Instability of pulses in gradient reaction–diffusion systems: a symplectic approach
Authors: Beck M. , Cox G. , Jones C. , Latushkin Y. , McQuighan K. , Sukhtayev A. 
Published: March 2018

In a scalar reaction–diffusion equation, it is known that the stability of a steady state can be determined from the Maslov index, a topological invariant that counts the state’s critical points. In particular, this implies that pulse solutions are unstable. We extend this picture to pulses in reaction–diffusion systems with gradient nonlinearity. In particular, we associate a Maslov index to any asymptotically constant state, generalizing existing definitions of the Maslov index for homoclinic orbits. It is shown that this index equals the number of unstable eigenvalues for the linearized evolution equation. Finally, we use a symmetry argument to show that any pulse solution must have non-zero Maslov index, and hence be unstable.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Stability of nonlinear waves and patterns and related topics’.
An energy-based stability criterion for solitary travelling waves in Hamiltonian lattices
Authors: Xu Haitao , Cuevas-Maraver Jesús , Kevrekidis Panayotis G. , Vainchtein Anna 
Published: March 2018

In this work, we revisit a criterion, originally proposed in Friesecke & Pego (Friesecke & Pego 2004Nonlinearity17, 207–227. (doi:10.1088/0951715/17/1/013)), for the stability of solitary travelling waves in Hamiltonian, infinite-dimensional lattice dynamical systems. We discuss the implications of this criterion from the point of view of stability theory, both at the level of the spectral analysis of the advance-delay differential equations in the co-travelling frame, as well as at that of the Floquet problem arising when considering the travelling wave as a periodic orbit modulo shift. We establish the correspondence of these perspectives for the pertinent eigenvalue and Floquet multiplier and provide explicit expressions for their dependence on the velocity of the travelling wave in the vicinity of the critical point. Numerical results are used to corroborate the relevant predictions in two different models, where the stability may change twice. Some extensions, generalizations and future directions of this investigation are also discussed.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Stability of nonlinear waves and patterns and related topics’.
Rare and common vertebrates span a wide spectrum of population trends
Authors: Daskalova Gergana N. , Myers-Smith Isla H. , Godlee John L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Earth’s biota is changing over time in complex ways. A critical challenge is to test whether specific biomes, taxa or types of species benefit or suffer in a time of accelerating global change. We analysed nearly 10 000 abundance time series from over 2000 vertebrate species part of the Living Planet Database. We integrated abundance data with information on geographic range, habitat preference, taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships, and IUCN Red List Categories and threats. We found that 15% of populations declined, 18% increased, and 67% showed no net changes over time. Against a backdrop of no biogeographic and phylogenetic patterning in population change, we uncovered a distinct taxonomic signal. Amphibians were the only taxa that experienced net declines in the analysed data, while birds, mammals and reptiles experienced net increases. Population trends were poorly captured by species’ rarity and global-scale threats. Incorporation of the full spectrum of population change will improve conservation efforts to protect global biodiversity.
Chimpanzees but not orangutans display aversive reactions toward their partner receiving a superior reward
Authors: Kim Yena , Choe Jae , Jeong Gilsang , Kim Dongsun , Tomonaga Masaki 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTFairness judgment is a fundamental aspect of human cooperation. By carefully balancing the payoffs and efforts with cooperating partner (s) we could either avoid or punish cheaters and stably maintain cooperation. Recent studies investigating the origin of this fairness sentiment have demonstrated that this psychological trait is not unique to humans, but also can be observed in other group-living primates, such as chimpanzees and capuchins, suggesting a convergent evolution of a sense of fairness, with cooperative social life being the selective pressure for it. The current study was designed to test this hypothesis by directly comparing the response to the outcome inequity in two of our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and orangutans, having different social systems, i.e. solitary and patrilocal multi-male multi-female groups. Unlike other inequity experiments, we used a prosocial choice apparatus with different reward distributions (advantageous / disadvantageous) to give subjects an active role of not-sharing foods if they considered it unfair. In addition to the choice, we also recorded the behavioral responses of the apes to the inequity. Throughout the experiments aversive emotional responses toward the disadvantageous inequity were only found in chimpanzees, but not in orangutans, supporting the convergent (or domain-specific) evolution of a sense of fairness. However, this aversion to the inequity did not lead the chimpanzees to actually make selfish choices, indirectly supporting the previous findings that chimpanzees employ a partner choice strategy rather than a punishment for fair cooperation. We also found that hierarchy seems to play an important role in the expression of aversion to inequity and prosocial tendency in chimpanzees.