bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Play Therapy on Social Development: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Masoudifard Malihe , Mahmoodi Zohreh , Bagheri Azam , Dolatian Mahrokh , Kabir Kourosh 
Published: August 2019

Background: The early years of life are vital and sensitive for the growth and development of a child. This aimed to examine the effect of play therapy on the social development and maturity of infants aged from 12 to 24 months.
Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted on 76 eligible infants aged from 12 to 24 months referred to comprehensive health centers in Kashan city during 2017-2018. Infants who had inclusion criteria were included in the study and then randomly assigned to the two groups of intervention and control. Before the intervention and the end of the counseling sessions, Vineland Social Maturity Test Toolkit for Children in the both groups was completed and the data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: There was no significant differences between the two groups regarding the social development score before the intervention (p >0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean score of social development in the two groups after the intervention, in which the mean of the total score and each area of social development increased significantly (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the importance of the early years of life in the development of infants and findings of the present study, it can be said that the advisory of play therapy for improving the development of a infants can be very helpful.
Seismic performance of buckling‐restrained brace outrigger system in various configurations
Authors: Lin Pao‐Chun , Takeuchi Toru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe outrigger system is deemed an effective solution for mitigating the seismic responses of tall core‐tube‐type buildings. By incorporating a buckling‐restrained brace (BRB) in the outrigger system (BRB‐outrigger), the BRB‐outrigger reduces seismic response not only through the outrigger mechanism but also through the seismic energy dissipation from the BRB’s hysteretic response. This study investigates the seismic behavior of structures with a single layer BRB‐outrigger and proposes three types of BRB‐outrigger configurations for practical design purposes that fit different architectural requirements. An analytical model, with heights of 64, 128, 256, and 384 m and different outrigger spans was used to investigate the optimal outrigger elevation and required outrigger stiffness for achieving minimum seismic response using spectral analysis and nonlinear response history analysis. The design indexes and design charts based on the analysis results are proposed for preliminary design. Design examples of structures with different BRB‐outrigger configurations utilizing the proposed design charts are demonstrated.
Regulation and Function of the

MYC

Oncogene
Authors: Kalkat Manpreet , Resetca Diana , Penn Linda Z 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

One of the most acclaimed features of the
MYC
oncogene family (
MYC, MYCL1
and
MYCN
) is their prolific deregulation in cancer, which is often associated with poor prognosis and refractory disease. Multiple mechanisms can deregulate their expression in cancer, including chromosomal translocation, enhanced messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein stability, gene amplification or enhancer hijacking. This MYC family of nuclear transcription factors regulates the expression of a multitude of target genes to control many critically important fundamental biological processes, including cellular proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis and embryonic development. MYC proteins are highly regulated, and many factors have been reported to control stability and activity via post‐translational modifications (PTMs). Decades of research into this potent oncogene family have revealed that while directly inhibiting MYC proteins in cancer remains challenging, there are multiple strategies to indirectly inhibit MYC in cancer. Developing such inhibitors to target MYC would have profound impact on patient care and outcome.

Key Concepts

The
MYC
family of oncogenes, composed of
MYC, MYCN
and
MYCL1
, encode nuclear basic helix‐loop‐helix transcription factors.

MYC family proteins contain highly conserved regions termed MYC boxes.

MYC regulates many transcriptional targets and can have wide‐reaching effects on the epigenome and total cellular RNA content.

MYC
is essential for cellular proliferation and is a potent oncogene when it is deregulated in cancer.

Deregulated, often elevated, MYC levels have been shown to drive tumourigenesis in many
in vivo
models.

MYC activity and stability is regulated by post‐translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation and acetylation.
Spectral organization of focal seizures within the thalamotemporal network
Authors: Pizarro Diana , Ilyas Adeel , Chaitanya Ganne , Toth Emilia , Irannejad Auriana , Romeo Andrew , Riley Kristen O. , Iasemidis Leonidas , Pati Sandipan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate dynamic changes in neural activity between the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) and the seizure onset zone (SOZ) in patients with drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) based on anatomic location, seizure subtype, and state of vigilance (SOV).MethodsEleven patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography for seizure localization were recruited prospectively for local field potential (LFP) recording directly from the ANT. The SOZ was identified using line length and epileptogenicity index. Changes in power spectral density (PSD) were compared between the two anatomic sites as seizures (N = 53) transitioned from interictal baseline to the posttermination stage.ResultsAt baseline, the thalamic LFPs were significantly lower and distinct from the SOZ with the presence of higher power in the fast ripple band (P < 0.001). Temporal changes in ictal power of neural activity within ANT mimic those of the SOZ, are increased significantly at seizure onset (P < 0.05), and are distinct for seizures that impaired awareness or that secondarily generalized (P < 0.05). The onset of seizure was preceded by a decrease in the mean power spectral density (PSD) in ANT and SOZ (P < 0.05). Neural activity correlated with different states of vigilance at seizure onset within the ANT but not in the SOZ (P = 0.005).InterpretationThe ANT can be recruited at the onset of mesial temporal lobe seizures, and the recruitment pattern differs with seizure subtypes. Furthermore, changes in neural dynamics precede seizure onset and are widespread to involve temporo‐thalamic regions, thereby providing an opportunity to intervene early with closed‐loop DBS.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Annulation of Propargyl Amino Phenyl Benzamides to Access Pyrido/ Isoquinolino Quinoxalinones
Authors: Kumar Gurram Ravi , Kumar Ravi , Rajesh Manda , Sridhar B. , Reddy Maddi Sridhar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA rhodium catalyzed copper mediated double oxidative annulation of propargylamino phenyl benzamides is developed. A quick assembly of tri, tetra and penta cyclic pyrido/isoquinolo‐quinoxilines are thus achieved from readily available linear substrates. The reaction is shown to be very general by accommodating a large variety of substrates in the transformation. A mechanism through an amide directed C−H bond activation followed by an intramolecular alkyne activation/annulation followed by an oxidation is postulated.magnified image
Steroid hormone concentrations in milk predict sex‐specific offspring growth in a nonhuman primate
Authors: Petrullo Lauren , Hinde Katie , Lu Amy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn humans and other mammals, maternal hormones are transferred to offspring during lactation via milk and may regulate postnatal development, including the pace of early growth. Here, we used a nonhuman primate model to test the hypotheses that milk cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations reflect maternal characteristics, and that changes in these hormones across lactation are associated with early postnatal growth rates.MethodsDemographic information, morphometrics, and milk samples were collected from rhesus macaque mothers and their infants at the California National Primate Research Center in Davis, California. Using linear models, we examined the relationship between maternal traits and milk hormone concentrations (N = 104 females) and explored the effect of milk hormones on the rate of offspring growth (N = 72 mother‐infant dyads), controlling for available milk energy.ResultsContrary to previous studies, we found that milk cortisol concentrations were categorically higher in multiparous females than in primiparous females. However, milk DHEAS concentrations decreased with maternal parity. Neither milk cortisol nor DHEAS were related to maternal rank. Finally, changes in milk hormones predicted offspring growth in a sex‐specific and temporal manner: increases in cortisol from peak to late lactation predicted faster female growth, and increases in DHEAS concentrations from early to peak and peak to late lactation predicted faster male growth.ConclusionsOur findings shed light on how hormonal components of milk have sex‐specific effects on offspring growth during early postnatal life with varying temporal windows of sensitivity.
Teleultrasound for pre‐natal diagnosis: A validation study
Authors: Rabie Nader Z. , Sandlin Adam T. , Ounpraseuth Song , Nembhard Wendy N. , Lowery Curtis , Miguel Kelly San , Magann Everett “Pat” 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction/PurposeThere are no large validation trials comparing teleultrasound to on‐site ultrasound. We aim to compare the sensitivity and accuracy of teleultrasound and demonstrate that teleultrasound is not inferior to on‐site ultrasound in the pre‐natal diagnosis of fetal anomalies.MethodsAll targeted ultrasounds performed between November 2010 and December 2012 were considered. We excluded studies performed at less than 17 weeks' gestation, on multiple gestations and for reasons other than an anatomical survey. Post‐natal diagnoses were obtained from a state level mandatory birth defects surveillance programme. Descriptive statistics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy) were calculated for both groups. A test of non‐inferiority was performed, with the non‐inferiority difference set at 0.15.ResultsThe teleultrasound and on‐site ultrasound groups consisted of 2368 and 3145 studies, respectively. The sensitivity of teleultrasound and on‐site ultrasound was 57.46% and 76.57%, and the accuracy was 95.9% and 90.97%, respectively. The observed sensitivity difference was −0.1911. The accuracy, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of teleultrasound are similar to on‐site ultrasound.DiscussionTeleultrasound is inferior to on‐site ultrasound in the detection of fetal anomalies; however, it has improved accuracy, as well as higher negative and positive predictive values. A negative teleultrasound is more likely to identify a non‐anomalous fetus, and a positive teleultrasound is more likely to correctly identify an anomalous fetus.ConclusionTeleultrasound has an important role in pre‐natal diagnosis for those patients unable or unwilling to travel for an on‐site ultrasound.
Impact of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding on the Reactivity of Cupric Superoxide Complexes with O−H and C−H Substrates
Authors: Diaz Daniel E. , Quist David A. , Herzog Austin E. , Schaefer Andrew W. , Kipouros Ioannis , Bhadra Mayukh , Solomon Edward I. , Karlin Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe dioxygen reactivity of a series of TMPA‐based copper(I) complexes (TMPA=tris(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine), with and without secondary‐coordination‐sphere hydrogen‐bonding moieties, was studied at −135 °C in 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF). Kinetic stabilization of the H‐bonded [(
TMPA)CuII(O2.−)]+ cupric superoxide species was achieved, and they were characterized by resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopy. The structures and physical properties of [(
TMPA)CuII(N3−)]+ azido analogues were compared, and the O2.− reactivity of ligand–CuI complexes when an H‐bonding moiety is replaced by a methyl group was contrasted. A drastic enhancement in the reactivity of the cupric superoxide towards phenolic substrates as well as oxidation of substrates possessing moderate C−H bond‐dissociation energies is observed, correlating with the number and strength of the H‐bonding groups.
Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cutaneous wound healing, antibacterial, and antifungal effects of gold nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves
Authors: Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Saneei Sania , Zangeneh Akram , Toushmalani Reza , Haddadi Amir , Almasi Maryam , Amiri‐Paryan Amir 
Published: August 2019

The new age drugs are nanoparticles of metals, which can combat conditions like wounds and fight human pathogens like bacteria. The aim of the experiment was preparation, characterization, and assessment of cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cutaneous wound healing, antibacterial, and antifungal potentials of gold nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris leaves (AuNPs@F. vulgaris) under in vitro and in vivo condition. These nanoparticles were characterized by FT‐IR, UV, XRD, FE‐SEM, TEM, and AFM. The synthesized AuNPs@F. vulgaris had great cell viability dose‐dependently (Investigating the effect of the nanoparticles on HUVEC cell line) and indicated these nanoparticles were nontoxic. DPPH free radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant potentials, which showed similar antioxidant potentials for AuNPs@F. vulgaris and butylated hydroxytoluene. In part of cutaneous wound healing effect of F. vulgaris, after creating the cutaneous wound, the rats were randomly divided into six groups: untreated control, treatment with Eucerin basal ointment, treatment with 3% tetracycline ointment, treatment with 0.2% HAuCl4 × H2O ointment, treatment with 0.2% F. vulgaris ointment, and treatment with 0.2% AuNPs@F. vulgaris ointment. These groups were treated for 10 days. Use of AuNPs@F. vulgaris ointment in the treatment groups substantially decreased (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte and remarkably raised (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, hydroxyl proline, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate compared to other groups. In antimicrobial part, MIC, MBC, and MFC were specified by macro‐broth dilution assay. AuNPs@F. vulgaris revealed higher antibacterial and antifungal properties than many standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Also, AuNPs@F. vulgaris prevented the growth of all bacteria at 2‐8 mg/ml concentrations and removed them at 2‐16 mg/ml concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). In case of antifungal potentials of AuNPs@F. vulgaris, they inhibited the growth of all fungi at 2‐4 mg/ml concentrations and destroyed them at 2‐8 mg/ml concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, synthesized AuNPs@F. vulgaris revealed non‐cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cutaneous wound healing, antibacterial, and antifungal activities.
Occurrence patterns of African manatees, conflicts with humans, and local perception in the Southern Korup Area, Cameroon
Authors: Mayaka Theodore B. , Koh‐Dimbot Jean P. , Keith‐Diagne Lucy W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The African manatee has been poorly studied throughout its range and is heavily hunted. This study aimed at discerning patterns in manatee sightings and emerging conflicts with humans, as well as the local perception of manatees, outside the southern periphery of Korup National Park, Cameroon.
The study investigated whether patterns in manatee sightings and manatee‐related conflicts differ between aquatic systems in southern Korup, and which demographic variables determine perceptions of the manatee in the study area. For this purpose, the study used a three‐stage stratified random sampling design with a structured questionnaire to survey 101 local fishers.
The reported patterns of manatee sightings and manatee‐related conflicts were as follows: in the Nyangorobe River during the wet season only, where crop raiding and net destruction by manatees were reported; in the Ndian River and the mangrove estuary only during the dry season, where fish theft and net damage were reported; and in the Moko River during both seasons, where crop raiding, fish theft, and net destruction were reported. Reducing these conflicts is likely to increase local support for the conservation of manatees, because fishermen kill them in response to net destruction and fish loss.
Most reported sightings were at waterway intersections and river bends, suggesting that waterway connectivity is important to manatees for dispersal, foraging, and escape from danger.
The log‐odds probability of negative perception decreased significantly with awareness of manatee protected status but increased with age and primary or higher education level. These findings have implications for community outreach focused on raising awareness of the importance of manatee conservation by schoolchildren and the public.
Promoting social attention in 3‐year‐olds with ASD through gaze‐contingent eye tracking
Authors: Wang Quan , Wall Carla A. , Barney Erin C. , Bradshaw Jessica L. , Macari Suzanne L. , Chawarska Katarzyna , Shic Frederick 
Published: August 2019

Young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) look less toward faces compared to their non‐ASD peers, limiting access to social learning. Currently, no technologies directly target these core social attention difficulties. This study examines the feasibility of automated gaze modification training for improving attention to faces in 3‐year‐olds with ASD. Using free‐viewing data from typically developing (TD) controls (n = 41), we implemented gaze‐contingent adaptive cueing to redirect children with ASD toward normative looking patterns during viewing of videos of an actress. Children with ASD were randomly assigned to either (a) an adaptive Cue condition (Cue, n = 16) or (b) a No‐Cue condition (No‐Cue, n = 19). Performance was examined at baseline, during training, and post‐training, and contrasted with TD controls (n = 23). Proportion of time looking at the screen (%Screen) and at actresses' faces (%Face) was analyzed. At Pre‐Training, Cue and No‐Cue groups did not differ in %Face (P > 0.1). At Post‐Training, the Cue group had higher %Face than the No‐Cue group (P = 0.015). In the No‐Cue group %Face decreased Pre‐ to Post‐Training; no decline was observed in the Cue group. These results suggest gaze‐contingent training effectively mitigated decreases of attention toward the face of onscreen social characters in ASD. Additionally, larger training effects were observed in children with lower nonverbal ability, suggesting a gaze‐contingent approach may be particularly relevant for children with greater cognitive impairment. This work represents development toward new social attention therapeutic systems that could augment current behavioral interventions. Autism Res 2020, 13: 61–73. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIn this study, we leverage a new technology that combines eye tracking and automatic computer programs to help very young children with ASD look at social information in a more prototypical way. In a randomized controlled trial, we show that the use of this technology prevents the diminishing attention toward social information normally seen in children with ASD over the course of a single experimental session. This work represents development toward new social attention therapeutic systems that could augment current behavioral interventions.
Self‐processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Nijhof Annabel Dineke , Bird Geoffrey 
Published: August 2019

Research attempting to explain the social difficulties observed in autism spectrum disorder has focused predominantly on difficulties understanding others, but there are indications that self‐referential processing is also atypical in autism. For example, infants who later get an autism diagnosis show a reduced response when hearing their own name. In addition, research suggests that the self‐bias (the tendency to preferentially process information when self‐relevant) is smaller or absent in autism. However, findings are mixed: researchers are yet to clarify exactly those aspects of self‐processing which are atypical in autism and in what way they are atypical. To gain further insight into these issues, future studies should focus on whether and how different aspects of self‐processing are related in both neurotypical and autistic individuals. Furthermore, the (a)typical development of different aspects of the self, as well as the impact of the self on different domains of cognitive processing, deserves further attention, requiring studies with participants in a wide age range. Finally, the use of neural measures of self‐processing will be invaluable, given the recent hypothesis that autistic individuals may learn to compensate for difficulties by relying on neural pathways which differ from those utilised by neurotypical individuals. Autism Res 2019, 1–5. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay summaryResearch has indicated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder show differences in the processing of self‐relevant information. However, as yet, exactly how self‐processing differs in autism remains unknown. To further our understanding of the self in autism, future studies should focus on the relationship between different aspects of self‐processing, investigating brain activity as well as behaviour, across a wide range of ages.
Assessing flow segregation and mixing by modeling residual disinfectant conversion
Authors: Gorzalski Alexander S. , Harrington Gregory W. , Coronell Orlando 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicrobial inactivation and chemical conversion in water treatment reactors depend on the degree of flow segregation and earliness of mixing (i.e., micromixing). However, little is known about micromixing in full‐scale water treatment reactors. This study used the seasonal conversion of residual disinfectant between chloramines and free chlorine as reactive tracers to evaluate micromixing in full‐scale baffled and unbaffled clearwells. Effluent tracer concentrations were modeled using segregated flow (SF), maximum mixedness (MM), tanks‐in‐series (TIS), and reactor network (RN) models. Breakpoint reactions were most accurately predicted by the TIS model for both clearwells. The MM model was only accurate in the unbaffled clearwell under steady flow conditions. Segregated flows with different residence times (e.g., SF, some RNs) poorly represented observations. Micromixing was significant in the full‐scale reactors studied, and the TIS model most accurately represented observed micromixing. When modeling multiple reactions or nonfirst‐order reactions, reactor models should incorporate micromixing.