bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 in unvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Vrij Casper , Bogaerts Kris , Vermeersch Pieter , Lagrou Katrien , Molenberghs Geert , Rega Filip , Ceulemans Laurens J. , Van Raemdonck Dirk , Jochmans Ina , Monbaliu Diethard , Pirenne Jacques , Robaeys Geert , De Moor Bart , Vanuytsel Tim , Gillard Pieter , Schoemans Hélène , Van Cleemput Johan , Kuypers Dirk , Vos Robin , Nevens Frederik , Verbeek Jef 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe role of immunosuppressive therapy on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and COVID-19 severity remains unclear in unvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients. We included 1957 organ transplant recipients between July 2020 and April 2021 to analyze whether baseline immunosuppressive therapy and other risk factors are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19. In total, 247 (12.6%) had SARS-CoV-2 (defined as positive nasopharyngeal swab and/or positive antibody titer). Of these, 57 (23.1%) had severe COVID-19, defined as oxygen supplementation, intensive care unit admission or death. Multivariable analysis identified diabetes (hazard ratio (HR) 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.83)), chronic lung disease (HR 1.71 (95% CI 1.13–2.60)) and contact with a COVID-19 positive individual (HR 3.61 (95% CI 2.61–4.99) as independent risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was no association between immunosuppressive therapy and infection risk. Severe COVID-19 was multivariably associated with hypertension (OR 5.45 (95% CI 1.66–17.84)), chronic kidney disease (OR 3.55 (95% CI 1.75–7.19)), corticosteroid use (OR 2.93 (95% CI 1.03–2.55)) and having a COVID-19 positive housemate (OR 6.77 (95% CI 2.65–17.28)). In conclusion, baseline corticosteroid use, but no other immunosuppressive agent, is independently associated with severe COVID-19 in unvaccinated SOT recipients after correction for hypertension, chronic kidney disease, housemates affected by COVID-19 and transplant type.
Analysis of molecular mechanisms of delafloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kubicskó András , Kamotsay Katalin , Szabó Dóra , Kocsis Béla 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study delafloxacin resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli strains were analyzed. Delafloxacin is a new fluoroquinolone, that is approved for clinical application however, resistance against this agent is scarcely reported. In our study 37 E. coli strains were included and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for ciprofloxacin, delafloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, imipenem. Six delafloxacin resistant E. coli strains were selected for whole-genome sequencing and all of them exhibited resistance to other fluoroquinonlones and showed an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype. The six delafloxacin resistant E. coli strains belonged to different sequence types (STs) namely, ST131 (2 strains), ST57 (2 strains), ST162 and ST15840. Each delafloxacin resistant strain possessed multiple mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs). Notably, three mutations in gyrA Ser83Leu, Asp87Asn and parC Ser80Ile were in strains of ST162, ST57 and ST15840. However, the two strains of ST131 carried five combined mutations namely, gyrA Ser83Leu, Asp87Asn, parC Ser80Ile, Glu84Val, parE Ile549Leu. Association of delafloxacin resistance and production of CTX-M-15 in ST131, CMY-2 in ST162 and ST15840 was detected. In this study a new ST, ST15840 of clonal complex 69 was identified. Our results demonstrate, that at least three mutations in QRDRs are required for delafloxacin resistance in E. coli.
Antibacterial and wound healing stimulant nanofibrous dressing consisting of soluplus and soy protein isolate loaded with mupirocin
Authors: Jahani Maryam , Asefnejad Azadeh , Al-Musawi Mastafa H. , Mohammed Ahmed A. , Al-Sudani Basma Talib , Hameed Al-bahrani Maha , Kadhim Nada A. , Shahriari-Khalaji Mina , Valizadeh Hamideh , Sharifianjazi Fariborz , Mehrjoo Morteza , Tavamaishvili Ketevan , Tavakoli Mohamadreza 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSevere cutaneous injuries may not heal spontaneously and may necessitate the use of supplementary therapeutic methods. Electrospun nanofibers possess high porosity and specific surface area, which provide the necessary microenvironment for wound healing. Here in, the nanofibers of Soluplus-soy protein isolate (Sol-SPI) containing mupirocin (Mp) were fabricated via electrospinning for wound treatment. The fabricated nanofibers exhibited water absorption capacities of about 300.83 ± 29.72% and water vapor permeability values of about 821.8 ± 49.12 g/m2 day. The Sol/SPI/Mp nanofibers showed an in vitro degradability of 33.73 ± 3.55% after 5 days. The ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus, and elongation of the Sol/SPI/Mp nanofibers were measured as 3.61 ± 0.29 MPa, 39.15 ± 5.08 MPa, and 59.11 ± 1.94%, respectively. Additionally, 85.90 ± 6.02% of Mp loaded in the nanofibers was released in 5 days in vitro, and by applying the Mp-loaded nanofibers, 93.06 ± 5.40% and 90.40 ± 5.66% of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria were killed, respectively. Human keratinocyte cells (HaCat) demonstrated notable biocompatibility with the prepared nanofibers. Furthermore, compare to other groups, Sol-SPI-Mp nanofibers caused the fastest re-epithelialization and wound healing in a rat model. The findings of this study present a novel nanofiber-based wound dressing that accelerates the healing of severe skin wounds with the risk of infection.
Enhanced efficiency of carbon based all perovskite tandem solar cells via cubic plasmonic metallic nanoparticles with dielectric nano shells
Authors: Fard Amir Hossein Mohammadian , Matloub Samiye 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates a carbon-based all-perovskite tandem solar cell (AP-TSC) with the structure ITO, SnO₂, Cs₀.₂FA₀.₈Pb(I₀.₇Br₀.₃)₃, WS₂, MoO₃, ITO, C₆₀, MAPb₀.₅Sn₀.₅I₃, PEDOT: PSS, Carbon. The bandgap configuration of the cell is 1.75 eV/1.17 eV, which is theoretically limited to 36% efficiency. The effectiveness of embedding cubic plasmonic metallic nanoparticles (NPs) made of Gold (Au) and Silver (Ag) within the absorber layers to eliminate the requirement for thicker absorber layers, decrease manufacturing costs and Pb toxicity is demonstrated in our analysis. This analysis was conducted using 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations for both optical and electrical calculations. Prior to delving into the primary investigation of the tandem structure, a validation simulation was conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the simulations. Notably, the efficiency mismatch observed during the validation simulation, specifically in relation to the incorporation of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), amounted to a mere 0.01%. To mitigate the potential issues of direct contact between metallic NPs and perovskite materials, such as increased thermal and chemical instability and recombination at the NP surface, a 5 nm dielectric shell was applied to the NPs. The incorporation of cubic core-shell Ag NPs resulted in a 15.32% enhancement in short-circuit current density, from 16.39 mA/cm² to 18.90 mA/cm², and a 15.68% increase in overall efficiency, from 26.9 to 31.12%. This research paves the way for the integration of core-shell metallic NPs in AP-TSCs, highlighting a significant potential for efficiency and stability improvements. In a dedicated section the band alignment of the sub-cell was addressed. Additionally, a thermal investigation of the proposed tandem structure was conducted, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed AP-TSC. Finally, the sensitivity analyses related to input parameters and the challenges associated with large-scale fabrication of the proposed AP-TSC were extensively discussed.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the ‘eco-cooler’ for passive home cooling
Authors: Bunker Aditi , Lundgren Kownacki Karin , Sarker Sudipa , Bari Rahmatul , Sarker Malabika , Buonocore Jonathan J. , Geldsetzer Pascal , Revstedt Johan , Bärnighausen Till 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConstructed with used plastic bottles, the eco-cooler has been widely adopted in resource-poor communities in Bangladesh and other countries. We tested the eco-cooler under controlled conditions using a scientific wind tunnel in a climatic chamber. In our tests, we used seven eco-cooler designs in 27 climate conditions typical of Bangladesh (temperatures of 40 °C, 35 °C, and 30 °C; humidity levels of 70%, 60%, and 40%; and wind speeds of 4.0 m s−1, 2.0 m s−1, and 0.2 m s−1) in 92 experiments (N = 7686 measurements in 87 short experiments and N = 23,428 measurements in five long experiments). We found no significant temperature reductions with eco-cooler use, except at low wind speeds, where temperature reduced by up to 0.2 °C. In theoretical calculations extending our empirical findings, the greatest temperature drop was 0.85 °C at 4.0 m s−1 with a 40 °C static air inflow temperature. However, this temperature drop did not extend beyond the nozzles of the bottles in the eco-cooler. The eco-cooler did not work effectively as an indoor air cooler.
The natural gas industry, the Republican Party, and state preemption of local building decarbonization
Authors: Walker Edward T. , Malmuth Andrew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSocietal decarbonization likely requires changes to building standards encouraging electrification, partly through restricting connections to legacy utilities such as natural gas. Yet while some municipalities have taken action, an important parallel shift undermines it: more than half of U.S. states (covering 47% of the population) have, since 2020, passed state-level laws preempting municipalities from restricting utilities. We investigate the timing, content, and partisan support of these bills, examining similarity in text use across them using a plagiarism-detection tool. States passing preemption were not only more Republican but more ideologically conservative, typically featuring less professionalized state legislatures. We also examine qualitative evidence of the natural gas industry’s lobbying, showing that industry groups claimed influence over key bills (supported largely by Republican legislators). We consider the broader implications of these findings for supply-side decarbonization in a context of climate federalism under significant influence by fossil fuel industries and allied policymakers.
Two‐mode multiplexed Fourier‐based labels
Authors: Kodama Takahiro , Cincotti Gabriella 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA two‐mode optical packet switching architecture using an optical multiport mode‐division multiplexing label generator and processor is proposed. By combining optical labels on two modes, the number of labels is increased exponentially. Beat noise significantly affects the label error rate, when multimode crosstalk is maximum. This impairment can be mitigated by time shifting the optical labels of the two modes by half of the label duration.
Integrating active demand into the distribution system using metaheuristic techniques
Authors: Obando‐Paredes Edgar Dario , López‐García Dahiana , Carvajal‐Quintero Sandra X. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntegrating non‐conventional renewable energy sources into distribution systems, alongside data science and enabling technological infrastructures, presents significant challenges, particularly in managing active demand. The rapid evolution of the electric energy system and increasing electricity demand highlight the need for reliable tracking and predictive methods to manage Distributed Energy Resources and digital infrastructure. These methods are essential for advancing carbon neutrality, democratizing environmental sustainability, and improving energy efficiency. Effective active demand monitoring requires understanding the transactional system concept, including digital infrastructure and decentralized demand. Although metaheuristic techniques are increasingly important in demand response integration, much research focuses on specific techniques rather than providing a comprehensive view of dynamic transaction integration for active demand. Technological advancements, like smart meters and communication systems, are shifting from basic consumption measurement to active customer participation. This article reviews key concepts in electrical distribution systems, such as active demand, DERs, and transactive systems. It examines prevalent metaheuristic techniques, emphasizing their role in integrating and predicting active demand and DER behaviors. Additionally, the study presents a methodology serving as a roadmap for efficient DER integration and the transition to active demand and transactive electricity systems, addressing gaps in the current literature.
The power of social media influencers: unveiling the impact on consumers’ impulse buying behaviour
Authors: Shamim Komal , Azam Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the role of communication factors in influencer marketing communication in influencing trust in influencer’s branded posts, subsequently impacting the urge to buy impulsively (UBI). In addition, the study also examines the role of persuasion knowledge as a moderator and product affection as a mediator in the relationship between trust and UBI. The study integrates signalling theory and (SOR) framework to develop a model to be tested through SEM. Results of the data of 481 followers of the influencers unveiled that the credibility of the communication factors plays an essential role in developing trust in influencers ‘posts, which ultimately induces UBI. Product affection mediates the relationship between trust and UBI and people with low levels of persuasion knowledge were found to have more chances of developing UBI. This study provides valuable insights to the markets and advertisers, enabling them to understand the importance of the credibility of the influencer marketing communication factors, which result in favourable consumer attitudinal and behavioural outcomes. Additionally, it addresses the existing knowledge gap concerning the factors that precede trust formation and examines their subsequent influence on UBI.
Understanding and modeling human-AI interaction of artificial intelligence tool in radiation oncology clinic using deep neural network: a feasibility study using three year prospective data
Authors: Yang Dongrong , Murr Cameron , Li Xinyi , Yoo Sua , Blitzblau Rachel , McDuff Susan , Stephens Sarah , Wu Q Jackie , Wu Qiuwen , Sheng Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Artificial intelligence (AI) based treatment planning tools are being implemented in clinic. However, human interactions with such AI tools are rarely analyzed. This study aims to comprehend human planner’s interaction with the AI planning tool and incorporate the analysis to improve the existing AI tool. Approach. An in-house AI tool for whole breast radiation therapy planning was deployed in our institution since 2019, among which 522 patients were included in this study. The AI tool automatically generates fluence maps of the tangential beams to create an AI plan. Human planner makes fluence edits deemed necessary and after attending physician approval for treatment, it is recorded as final plan. Manual modification value maps were collected, which is the difference between the AI-plan and the final plan. Subsequently, a human-AI interaction (HAI) model using full scale connected U-Net was trained to learn such interactions and perform plan enhancements. The trained HAI model automatically modifies the AI plan to generate AI-modified plans (AI-m plan), simulating human editing. Its performance was evaluated against original AI-plan and final plan. Main results. AI-m plan showed statistically significant improvement in hotspot control over the AI plan, with an average of 25.2cc volume reduction in breast V105% (p = 0.011) and 0.805% decrease in Dmax (p < .001). It also maintained the same planning target volume (PTV) coverage as the final plan, demonstrating the model has captured the clinic focus of improving PTV hot spots without degrading coverage. Significance. The proposed HAI model has demonstrated capability of further enhancing the AI plan via modeling human-AI tool interactions. This study shows analysis of human interaction with the AI planning tool is a significant step to improve the AI tool.
Prompt gamma emission prediction using a long short-term memory network
Authors: Xiao Fan , Radonic Domagoj , Kriechbaum Michael , Wahl Niklas , Neishabouri Ahmad , Delopoulos Nikolaos , Parodi Katia , Corradini Stefanie , Belka Claus , Kurz Christopher , Landry Guillaume , Dedes George 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective: To present a long short-term memory (LSTM)-based prompt gamma (PG) emission prediction method for proton therapy. Approach: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 33 patients with a prostate tumor were included in the dataset. A set of 107 histories proton pencil beam (PB)s was generated for Monte Carlo (MC) dose and PG simulation. For training (20 patients) and validation (3 patients), over 6000 PBs at 150, 175 and 200 MeV were simulated. 3D relative stopping power (RSP), PG and dose cuboids that included the PB were extracted. Three models were trained, validated and tested based on an LSTM-based network: (1) input RSP and output PG, (2) input RSP with dose and output PG (single-energy), and (3) input RSP/dose and output PG (multi-energy). 540 PBs at each of the four energy levels (150, 175, 200, and 125–210 MeV) were simulated across 10 patients to test the three models. The gamma passing rate (2%/2 mm) and PG range shift were evaluated and compared among the three models. Results: The model with input RSP/dose and output PG (multi-energy) showed the best performance in terms of gamma passing rate and range shift metrics. Its mean gamma passing rate of testing PBs of 125–210 MeV was 98.5% and the worst case was 92.8%. Its mean absolute range shift between predicted and MC PGs was 0.15 mm, where the maximum shift was 1.1 mm. The prediction time of our models was within 130 ms per PB. Significance: We developed a sub-second LSTM-based PG emission prediction method. Its accuracy in prostate patients has been confirmed across an extensive range of proton energies.
Numerical study of turbulent eddy self-interaction in tokamaks with low magnetic shear. Part II: Nonlinear simulations
Authors: Volčokas Arnas , Ball Justin , Brunner Stephan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using local nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations and building up on linear results from a companion paper (Volčokas 2024 Submitted for publication), we demonstrate that turbulent eddies can extend along magnetic field lines for hundreds of poloidal turns in tokamaks with weak or zero magnetic shear

s
^

. We observe that this parallel eddy length scales inversely with magnetic shear and at

s
^

=
0

is limited by the thermal speed of electrons

v

th
,
e

. We examine the consequences of these ‘ultra long’ eddies on turbulent transport, in particular, how field line topology mediates strong parallel self-interaction. Our investigation reveals that, through this process, field line topology can strongly affect transport. It can cause transitions between different turbulent instabilities and in some cases triple the logarithmic gradient needed to drive a given amount of heat flux. We also extensively study a novel ‘eddy squeezing’ effect introduced in Volčokas (2023 Nucl. Fusion
63 014003), which reduces the perpendicular size of eddies and their ability to transport energy, thus representing a novel approach to improve confinement. Finally, we investigate the triggering mechanism of Internal Transport Barriers (ITBs) using low magnetic shear simulations, shedding light on why ITBs are often easier to trigger where the safety factor has a low-order rational value.
A new inerter-based acoustic metamaterial MRE isolator with low-frequency bandgap
Authors: Chen Zexin , Jin Shida , Sun Shuaishuai , Wang Yuhuai , Yang Jian , Zhang Qingtian , Gong Liping , Zhang Shiwu , Du Haiping , Li Weihua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Acoustic metamaterials are capable of generating bandgaps at specific frequency ranges, which makes them have good applications in the field of vibration isolation. The bandgaps can be further broadened with active control, nonlinear components and graded structures, such as: controllable stiffness by magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) and graded stiffness. However, the current approaches to reducing the bandgaps have limitations. Both the reduction in structural stiffness and the increase in mass will reduce the overall stability of the acoustic metamaterial. In this research, a novel inerter-based acoustic metamaterial MRE isolator (IAM-MREI) was designed and prototyped to lower the bandgap. Inerters can generate a large equivalent mass with very light weight. Moreover, it is discovered that elements containing quadratic frequency terms are added to the dispersion matrix of the IAM-MREI due to the frequency-independent force applied to the resonators, which is generated by the inerters. By this way, the bandgap calculated by this dispersion matrix is greatly lowered and broadened, which cannot be achieved only with extra equivalent mass. The effects of the inerters on the overall performance of the IAM-MREI was thoroughly investigated and validated both theoretically and experimentally. The evaluation experiments confirmed that the IAM-MREI possesses a low-frequency bandgap and can provide great vibration isolation performance.
Critical current degradation of commercial REBCO coated conductors under thermomechanical loads
Authors: Lucas Celia , Cayado Pablo , Rijckaert Hannes , Konstantopoulou Konstantina , Nardelli Davide , Senatore Carmine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The process to obtain a superconducting joint between Coated Conductors (CCs) involves the simultaneous application of temperature and transverse compressive pressure to promote the joining of the two adjacent REBCO layers. We performed experiments to simulate this procedure by subjecting samples from commercial CCs to different combinations of pressure, and temperature. The objective was to understand the effects of the thermomechanical cycles on the critical current (I
c) and, therefore, determine the upper limit for the achievable current in a superconducting joint between CCs. We observed a reduction of the I
c across the investigated parameter range that is accelerated at higher temperatures and pressures. For instance, the average reduction of I
c measured at 77 K in self-field varied from 45% to 90% when increasing the pressure for samples heated at 820 °C, as compared to samples heated at the same temperature without applied pressure. As a complement to electrical transport measurements, we carried out STEM and EDX investigations to study the relation between the degradation of I
c and alterations in the microstructure of REBCO. These analyses indicate that the concurrent application of temperature and pressure accelerates the decomposition of the REBCO phase. The EDX data suggests that the decomposition products could correspond with a peritectic reaction of the REBCO occurring at lower temperatures, accelerated by the presence of an external pressure. This early decomposition occurs in localized areas of the REBCO layer, constricting the available cross-section for current flow and thereby diminishing the critical current.