bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Crystal and Polycrystal SiC Bonding for Cost‐effective Chip Fabrication
Authors: Huang Szuyu , Liu Fachen , Liu Jiaxin , Gao Xiaoyue , Wang Zhenzhong , Gao Peng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh‐quantity single‐crystal silicon carbide (SiC) is widely used in power electronics due to its excellent breakdown electric field strength and high thermal conductivity. However, back grinding during the chip fabrication generally results in ≈70% of single‐crystal SiC being wasted, leading to the high cost of SiC chips. In order to improve the utilization, single‐crystal SiC on polycrystal SiC (SoP‐SiC) is bonded. The challenge to achieve excellent bonding interfaces for such a system is the heterogeneous surface of polycrystals in which those grains with different orientations usually have different physical and chemical properties, making it difficult to achieve sufficiently smooth surfaces for bonding. Here, ion beam etching (IBE) is employed to activate the surface of polycrystal and single‐crystal SiC and achieve high bonding strength (up to ≈20 MPa) after annealing in the atmosphere. Sub‐nanometer‐scale electron microscopy and energy spectroscopy analysis showing the IBE method can effectively inhibit the formation of silicon oxide at the bonding interface, which is expected to reduce the interface thermal resistance according to the phonon spectrum analysis. This study provides a novel method to fabricate single‐polycrystal SiC junctions with high bonding strength and high thermal conductivity, which is valuable for the SiC industry.
Sustainable Synthesis of Palladium‐Immobilized Covalent Organic Frameworks: A One‐step Sonochemical Strategy
Authors: Harrod Chelsea , Alsudairy Ziad , Zheng Qi , Campbell Allea , Brown Normanda , Uddin Md Hanif , Cai Songliang , Li Xinle 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe rapid and environmentally benign synthesis of metal‐immobilized covalent organic frameworks (metal/COFs) for heterogeneous catalysis is a pervasive challenge, as the mainstream synthesis is exceedingly time‐consuming (up to four days) and demands the use of hazardous solvents. Herein, we describe a sustainable and efficient one‐step sonochemical strategy for constructing diverse palladium (II)‐immobilized COFs (Pd(II)/COFs). By merging the sonochemistry‐assisted COF synthesis and in situ Pd (II) immobilization into a single step, this strategy enables the rapid formation of Pd(II)/COF hybrids within an hour under ambient conditions using water as the solvent. Notably, gram‐scale synthesis of Pd(II)/COFs is achievable. The resulting Pd(II)/COFs exhibit superb crystallinity and high surface area, leading to remarkable activity, excellent functionality tolerance, and high recyclability for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction of aryl bromides and arylboronic acids at room temperature. This one‐step sonochemical strategy effectively addresses the long‐lasting limitations of traditional multistep synthesis, paving a fast and sustainable avenue to diversified metal/COF hybrids for heterogeneous catalysis and potentially other applications.
Bio‐Mass Radiative Cooling Materials: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Jia Han , Zhang Jingna , Hou Yangzhe , Pan Yamin , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu , Ma Jun , Liu Xianhu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRadiative cooling (RC) is a passive cooling technology that leverages infrared radiation to reduce temperatures without external energy input, presenting a crucial approach to mitigating global warming and lowering energy consumption. Biomass‐based RC materials, known for their environmental sustainability and abundance, offer a promising alternative for RC applications. This review outlines the fundamental principles of radiative cooling and examines recent advancements in biomass‐based RC materials, such as natural wood, cellulose, chitosan, silk, and bioplastics. Furthermore, it highlights key challenges and explores future development prospects in this field.
Utilization of Novel (KNbO3)1−x(Ba2FeNbO6)x (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) Solid Solutions for Efficient Photo‐Assisted Fenton Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Avcıoğlu Celal , Kraus Peter , Avcıoğlu Suna , Müller Julian T. , Gurlo Aleksander , Bekheet Maged F. 
Published: December 2024

Novel (KNbO3)1−x(Ba2FeNbO6)x (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) solid solutions corresponding to K0.82Ba0.18Fe0.09Nb0.91O3, K0.64Ba0.36Fe0.18Nb0.82O3, and K0.46Ba0.54Fe0.27Nb0.73O3 compounds have been synthesized via molten salt method. X‐ray diffraction confirms the formation of solid solutions, while transmission electron microscopy combined with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy results demonstrates a homogeneous distribution of elements. The obtained solid solutions crystallized in a cubic crystal structure, whereas the parent KNbO3 possesses an orthorhombic structure. The wide bandgap semiconductor KNbO3 transformed into a visible‐light‐active material, with its bandgap energy reduced from 3.56 eV to ≈2.4 eV. The substitution of K in KNbO3 with Ba is responsible for structural modification from orthorhombic to cubic symmetry, whereas both structural modification and the substitution of Nb with Fe correlated with optical properties. The photocatalytic activities of all obtained solid solutions are improved compared with the parent KNbO3 and Ba2FeNbO6 compounds for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Among the series of solid solutions, K0.82Ba0.18Fe0.09Nb0.91O3 photocatalysts show the highest MB removal efficiency owing to its relatively higher surface area, suppressed charge carrier recombination, and more negative conduction band edge. Moreover, K0.82Ba0.18Fe0.09Nb0.91O3 photocatalyst (0.1 g) combined with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to form a novel photo‐Fenton system, achieving almost complete degradation of 100 mL of 10 mg L−1 MB dye in 30 min.
Enhanced resistance to poisoning of Pd in alkynes semi‐hydrogenation by metal–ligand electronic interactions
Authors: Wei Zhongzhe , Dong Guanglu , Zhao Long , Huang Songtao , Xia Molin , Huang Wei , Jiang Ming , Yang Zhixiang , Yao Zihao , Li Jianfeng , Wang Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGiven that the retention of nitrogen readily renders active site poisoning, designing versatile catalysts characterized by notable selectivity and even resistance to poisoning for alkyne semi‐hydrogenation under nitrogen‐containing conditions is considerably challenging. In this article, oxanilide‐decorated Pd/C (Pd/C‐oxa) catalyst is facilely synthesized by leveraging impregnation‐coordination, which exhibit remarkable performance in the semi‐hydrogenation of nitrogen‐containing alkynes, with ultrahigh turnover frequency (TOF) of 15,831 h−1 and selectivity of 97.2%. Strikingly, it still sustains TOF of 12,137 h−1 in a sulfur‐containing system, demonstrating distinguished tolerance to sulfur. Comprehensive studies corroborate that oxanilide tunes the electron density of Pd by constructing metal–ligand electronic interactions, facilitating hydrogen activation. Simultaneously, the reaction microenvironment is optimized, which effectively promotes the desorption of nitrogen‐containing olefins and attenuates the aggregation of nitrogen on the Pd surface. This strategy is universal and holds promising industrial applications, making it appropriate for use in commercial Pd/C catalysts as well.
Recent Advances in Direct Amidation Via Organocatalysis
Authors: Hussein Mohanad A. , Hassoon Mageed Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe formation of amide bonds is essential for a wide range of applications in biological and organic systems, including proteins, pesticides, polymers, and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, it plays a critical role in the synthesis of numerous bioactive compounds with anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Due to the limitations of conventional coupling reagents for amide synthesis, there is a growing demand for environmentally sustainable methodologies, particularly the direct formation of amides from carboxylic acids and amines. Over recent years, we have developed several catalytic reactions based on organocatalysis, advancing sustainable synthetic methods in both organic and medicinal chemistry. This review comprehensively discusses catalytic amidation reactions published up to January 2024, focusing on both organocatalysis and boron‐based catalysis for the direct condensation of carboxylic acids and amines. Additionally, it highlights our recent contributions to sustainable amidation protocols, which are progressively replacing traditional catalytic approaches in modern synthetic chemistry.
The Influence of Age, Sex, and Season on Hematological Parameters in a Captive Population of Former Laboratory Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Ngoubangoye Barthélémy , Dibakou Serge‐Ely , Otsaghe Ekore Désiré , Tsoumbou Thierry Audrey Gaël , Moussadji Kinga Ivan Cyr , Yanagha Freddy , Okomo Nguema Linaa Yasmine , Boudenga Larson , Pontier Dominique 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to establish a baseline hematological profile and examine the influence of age, sex, and season on hematological parameters in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) living in a humid tropical climate. Hematological parameters are a useful tool for assessing health status and diagnosing diseases in animals. We analyzed 473 blood samples collected from 84 chimpanzees (43 females and 41 males) during annual health checks, conducted under anesthesia for a routine physical examination. The main findings revealed significant sex differences in some hematological parameters: males had higher hematocrit and red blood cell counts than females. Age‐related variations have also been noted, with adolescents and adults having lower lymphocyte counts but higher neutrophil and monocyte counts than infants. Adults, in particular, had significantly lower platelet counts compared to other age classes. Seasonal fluctuations were also observed: lymphocyte counts were higher in the rainy season, while neutrophil counts were higher in the dry season. In addition, the general trends in hematological parameters for this captive population of chimpanzees were similar to those reported in captive chimpanzees living in the United States. These results should provide animal health professionals, particularly those working with nonhuman primates, with data to compare and interpret. They will help improve practices for monitoring and managing the health of nonhuman primates in captivity.
Modeling nasal septal flap repair of an anterior skull base defect: A pilot simulation study
Authors: Cradeur Amber , Knackstedt Mark , Latour Mackenzie , Yim Michael 
Published: December 2024

Key points
Simulation models have utility in rehearsal of endoscopic skull base repair with a nasoseptal flap.
Trainee confidence, technical skill, and repair quality saw significant improvement in this study.
Neodymium‐Mediated Coordinative Chain Transfer Homopolymerization of Bio‐Based Myrcene and Copolymerization With Butadiene and Isoprene
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Xiuhui , Wang Feng , Liu Wei , Zhang Xuequan , Liu Heng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCoordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP) has emerged as a powerful strategy in controlling the polymerization behavior of petroleum‐based diene monomers of butadiene (BD) and isoprene (Ip) and has been extensively studied in the past few years. Nevertheless, for the bio‐based terpene monomer of myrcene (My), its polymerization performance is rarely disclosed. Herein, by using a neodymium‐based Ziegler–Natta catalytic system of Nd(vers)3/Al(i‐Bu)2H/AlEt3/EASC, the CCTP of My was systematically evaluated. In order to concrete the CCTP characteristic, more evidence was provided, including its comprehensive comparison with the Ip system, kinetic studies, and seeding polymerization. All these results have led to the conclusion that, despite the long alkenyl substitute in the My monomer, CCTP properties were still demonstrated, albeit with relative lower chain transfer efficiency. Coordinative chain transfer copolymerization (CCTcoP) of My with BD or Ip was also studied, in which, similar to My homopolymerization, well‐controlled polymerization behaviors were also revealed that gave narrow polydispersities, high atom economies, as well as controlled copolymer compositions. Monomer reactivity ratio studies by Fineman‐Ross plot revealed that, for CCTcoP of My and BD, r
My and r
BD were determined as 0.62 and 0.27, whereas for My/Ip system, r
My and r
Ip values were 0.74 and 0.24, respectively, implying both two systems preferred to undergo cross‐polymerization to give copolymers rather than homopolymer sequences.
Empirische Untersuchung zum politischen Verständnis über graue Emissionen im Bauwesen
Authors: Glock Christian , Dernbach Aaron , Kaufmann Fabian , Johann Yannik 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNeben der angestrebten Minderung des Primärenergieverbrauchs von Gebäuden sind auch die grauen Emissionen Gegenstand von Forschung, normativen Vorhaben und Gesetzesinitiativen. Zugleich finden existierende Lösungsansätze zur Reduktion der grauen Emissionen bei gleichzeitiger Verbesserung der Effizienz selten Anwendung. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es daher, objektive Ursachen und wissenschaftliche Befunde für diesen Status quo zu identifizieren. Konkret: Warum werden gute Lösungsansätze nicht umgesetzt und welchen spezifischen wissenschaftlichen Input braucht die Politik? In einer Studie wurden Mitglieder des Ausschusses für Wohnen, Stadtentwicklung, Bauwesen und Kommunen des Deutschen Bundestags in strukturierten Interviews befragt, um qualifiziert Ursachen und Lösungsansätze herauszuarbeiten. Die Ursachen für die hohen grauen Emissionen können seitens der Politik vergleichsweise präzise benannt werden. Im Hinblick auf die technische Komplexität möglicher Lösungen und die bestehenden regulatorischen Rahmenbedingungen zeigt sich ein erhebliches Defizit. Aktuelle Zahlen legen nahe, dass lediglich vier von 33 Abgeordneten des Ausschusses technische Vorkenntnisse aus einer Berufs‐ oder Hochschulausbildung im Bauwesen aufweisen können. Zur Umsetzung geeigneter Maßnahmen ist die Politik daher auf den zielorientierten Austausch mit der Wissenschaft und der Bauwirtschaft angewiesen. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Impuls hierzu geben und technische Lösungsansätze aufzeigen.
Photoproduction of Aviation Fuel β‐Caryophyllene From the Eukaryotic Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Dou Xiaotan , Li Mengjie , Ge Yunlong , Yin Gerui , Wang Xinyu , Xue Song , Jia Baolin , Zi Lihan , Wan Huihui , Xi Yimei , Chi Zhanyou , Kong Fantao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTβ‐caryophyllene is a plant‐derived sesquiterpene and is regarded as a promising ingredient for aviation fuels. Microalgae can convert CO2 into energy‐rich bioproducts through photosynthesis, making them potential platforms for the sustainable production of sesquiterpenes. However, heterologous sesquiterpene engineering in microalgae is still in its infancy, and β‐caryophyllene production in eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms has not been reported. In this study, we succeeded in producing β‐caryophyllene in the model eukaryotic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by heterologously expressing a β‐caryophyllene synthase (QHS). Furthermore, overexpressing the key enzyme of the 2‐C‐methyl‐D‐erythritol 4‐phosphate pathway in the QHS‐expressing strain (QHS‐DXS‐HDR−18) resulted in a 17‐fold higher β‐caryophyllene production compared to the single expression of QHS (QHS−28). Additionally, when isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (CrIDI) was overexpressed, the β‐caryophyllene production was up to 480.6 μg/L in QHS‐DXS‐HDR‐CrIDI−16 and increased by 1.8‐fold compared to the parental strain QHS‐DXS‐HDR−18. Under photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic conditions in photobioreactors, the β‐caryophyllene production in QHS‐DXS‐HDR‐CrIDI−16 reached 854.7 and 1016.8 μg/L, respectively. Noticeably, all the β‐caryophyllene‐producing strains generated in this study did not exhibit adverse effects on cell growth and photosynthesis activity compared to the untransformed strain. This study demonstrates the first successful attempt to produce β‐caryophyllene in the eukaryotic microalga C. reinhardtii and develops a novel strategy for increasing sesquiterpene production in eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms.
ESG Tendencies From News Investigated by AI Trained by Human Intelligence
Authors: Li Chao , Keeley Alexander Ryota , Takeda Shutaro , Seki Daikichi , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe create a large language model with high accuracy to investigate the relatedness between 12 environmental, social, and governance (ESG) topics and more than 2 million news reports. The text match pre‐trained transformer (TMPT) with 138,843,049 parameters is built to probe whether and how much a news record is connected to a specific topic of interest. The TMPT, based on the transformer structure and a pre‐trained model, is an artificial intelligence model trained by more than 200,000 academic papers. The cross‐validation result reveals that the TMPT's accuracy is 85.73%, which is excellent in zero‐shot learning tasks. In addition, combined with sentiment analysis, our research monitors news attitudes and tones toward specific ESG topics daily from September 2021 to September 2023. The results indicate that the media is increasing discussion on social topics, while the news regarding environmental issues is reduced. Moreover, toward almost all topics, the attitudes are gradually becoming positive. Our research highlights the temporal shifts in public perception regarding 12 key ESG issues:ESG has been incrementally accepted by the public. These insights are invaluable for policymakers, corporate leaders, and communities as they navigate sustainable decision‐making.
The accessory renal arteries: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Triantafyllou George , Paschopoulos Ioannis , Węgiel Andrzej , Olewnik Łukasz , Tsakotos George , Zielinska Nicol , Piagkou Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe accessory renal arteries (ARAs) are a well‐described variant of the renal vasculature with clinical implications for radiologists, surgeons, and clinicians. The aim of the present systematic review with meta‐analysis was to estimate the pooled prevalence of ARAs, including their variant number, origin, and termination, and to highlight symmetrical and asymmetrical morphological patterns. The systematic review used four online databases in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and Evidence‐based Anatomy Workgroup guidelines. R programming software was used for the statistical meta‐analysis. A total of 111 studies were considered eligible for our initial aim. The typical renal artery (RA) anatomy (a single bilateral vessel) was identified in 78.92%; the overall ARA prevalence was estimated at a pooled prevalence of 21.10%. The estimated pooled prevalence of one, two, three, and four ARAs were 18.67%, 1.80%, 0.01%, and <0.01%. The ARAs have been the subject of extensive research owing to their clinical importance, including in kidney transplantation surgery and resistant hypertension therapy. Knowledge of the typical and variant anatomy of RAs is essential for anatomists, radiologists, surgeons, and clinicians in order to avoid misunderstanding, complications, and iatrogenic injury.
Emotional Reactivity and Regulation Relate to Surgical Treatment Decision Making Among Newly Diagnosed Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Benedict Catherine , Nouriani Bita , Neri Eric , Miller Kate , Kurian Allison W. , Gross James J. , Spiegel David 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite bilateral mastectomy (BLM) for early‐stage breast cancer (BC) showing no survival benefit and increased risk compared to breast conserving surgery, some patients still choose this treatment. This study examined whether emotion reactivity and regulation influence treatment decision making among newly diagnosed women with breast cancer.MethodsCross‐sectional survey data were analyzed as part of a larger study. Measures included the Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy (CPM) survey, PROMIS Anxiety scale, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) Cognitive Reappraisal and Emotional Suppression subscales. Primary analysis included a logistic regression model predicting treatment choice (BLM vs. non‐BLM).ResultsParticipants (N = 137) with unilateral BC (Stages 0–III) were divided between BLM (n = 66) versus breast conserving surgery (i.e., non‐BLM, n = 71) treatment groups. Compared to the non‐BLM group, the BLM group was younger, more likely to be partnered, and had a higher household income. Women with high levels of BC‐specific worry were 3.6 times more likely to choose BLM compared to women with low levels of worry (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.07–0.8.93). Those who used cognitive reappraisal were 10% less likely to choose BLM compared to women who did not use cognitive reappraisal (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.99). There were no group differences in levels of generalized anxiety (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99) or emotional suppression (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.90–1.16).ConclusionsFindings suggest the choice of BLM may be due, in part, to negative emotional experiences after a BC diagnosis and lesser use of reappraisal to reframe cancer‐related fears. These may be important targets of intervention to support women making BC treatment decisions.
Novel Systemic Anticancer Therapy and Healthcare Utilization at the End of Life: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Garg Vikas , Ruiz Buenrostro Alejandra , Heuniken Katrina , Bagnarol Rebecca , Yousef Mohamed , Sajewicz Katrina , Dhanju Suman , Wentlandt Kirsten , Kuruvilla John , Lheureux Stephanie , Zimmermann Camilla , Hannon Breffni 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNovel systemic anticancer therapies (SACT) in the form of targeted and immunotherapies are increasingly replacing traditional chemotherapy. Little is known about the impact of novel SACT on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) at the end of life.MethodologyA retrospective review of patients attending a tertiary cancer center in Toronto, Canada, with advanced solid or hematological malignancies who died in 2019. Demographic and cancer data, SACT use, HCRU (emergency room [ER] visits, acute/intensive care unit [ICU] admission, and place of death) were retrieved and compared between those who received SACT in their last 30 days of life and those who did not. Chi‐squared tests or Quasi‐Poisson regression calculated HCRU expressed as percentages or rate ratios (RR). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression identified factors independently associated with SACT use.ResultsOf 443 patients included, 88 (20%) received SACT in the last 30 days of life, with 42 (48%) receiving targeted therapies and 10 (11%) immunotherapy. Factors associated with SACT use included younger age (p = 0.016), breast (p < 0.001), lung (p = 0.047), hematological malignancies (p = 0.002), fewer comorbidities (p = 0.039), and novel SACT (p = 0.006). Receipt of SACT was associated with a higher frequency of ER visits (55% vs. 36% who did not receive SACT, p = 0.001), acute hospitalizations (68% vs. 47%, p < 0.001), ICU admissions (18% vs. 7%, p = 0.003), and death in hospital (45% vs. 30%, p = 0.008).ConclusionNovel SACT use at the end of life is high and is strongly associated with HCRU. Future studies should explore the impact of advance care planning and palliative care referrals on SACT use.