bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Force to Prevent War? The Bryce Group's “Proposals for the Avoidance of War,” 1914–15
Authors: Kaiga Sakiko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article reappraises the debate about war prevention in the Bryce Group, the first study circle in Britain to devise a plan for the League of Nations. While scholars have tended to associate pro–league of nations activists with idealism, more focused accounts of the group have mostly depicted its postwar plan as a product of realistic thinking. Drawing on the underused manuscripts of the intellectual founders of the League of Nations, this study first reveals that their early thinking defies simple categorization. Not only was their war prevention plan realistic about the role of armed force but it also depended critically on idealistic expectations about the moral force of public opinion. This article shows that realistic and idealistic views could rarely be separated, and both developed the group's plan for peace, which incorporated the collective use of force as a crucial element of the postwar order. A mixture of the two views, however, hardly ensured consistencies and a balance between them. The paradox of collective security discussed by the group in 1914–15—that peace at least in part rested on the threat of force—was unresolved by the foundation of the League, and remains intact to this day.
Measurement Invariance of Three Brief Emotion Regulation	Questionnaires in People With and Without a History of Non-Suicidal	Self-Injury
Authors: Kiekens Glenn , Hasking Penelope , Boyes Mark 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In this study, we investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of three brief emotion regulation questionnaires in samples of young adults (17–30 years) with and without a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI; n = 705–836). Results revealed configural, full metric, and full scalar invariance for the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale – Short Form (DERS-SF) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire – Short (CERQ-S). In addition, the CERQ-S also showed full residual error invariance. In contrast, the proposed factor structure of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) was not confirmed in either sample. Further, we observed that some items function differently for people who self-injure and people who do not, which could result in artificial differences being reported in use of cognitive reappraisal. While the current findings offer confidence that observed differences using the DERS-SF and CERQ-S reflect reliable discrepancies in emotion regulation processes between people who self-injure and do not, the validity of statistical inferences using the ERQ could not be ensured and need further psychometric evaluation.
Ruminating in English, Ruminating in Spanish
Authors: Bravo Adrian J. , Pearson Matthew R. , Pilatti Angelina , Mezquita Laura , Ibáñez Manuel I. , Ortet Generós 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The present study aimed to adapt and validate a Spanish version of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) and test for measurement invariance of the RTSQ across college students in the US, Spain, and Argentina ( n = 1,632). Additionally, we examined/compared across these countries, criterion-related (i.e., concurrent) validity of RTSQ factors (i.e., problem-focused thoughts, counterfactual thinking, repetitive thoughts, and anticipatory thoughts) on constructs theoretically-associated with rumination. Consistent with previous findings, we found that a 15-item 4-factor RTSQ provided a more adequate model compared to single-factor CFA models (15- and 20-item versions) in every country. The reliability and validity of the subscales for the Spanish version were satisfactory-to-good in Spain and Argentina. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses, we found the 15-item 4-factor version of the RTSQ to be invariant across countries and sex. Bivariate correlations provided evidence for the criterion-related validity of the 4-factor RTSQ across the countries. Our findings suggest that self-report items of the RTSQ convey the same meaning, and that responses to those items load onto the same set of factors, across languages and cultures of administration. Taken together, our findings serve as a foundation for future cross-cultural work testing models in which rumination is a central facet.
iMETHYL: an integrative database of human DNA methylation, gene expression, and genomic variation
Authors: Komaki Shohei , Shiwa Yuh , Furukawa Ryohei , Hachiya Tsuyoshi , Ohmomo Hideki , Otomo Ryo , Satoh Mamoru , Hitomi Jiro , Sobue Kenji , Sasaki Makoto , Shimizu Atsushi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe launched an integrative multi-omics database, iMETHYL (http://imethyl.iwate-megabank.org). iMETHYL provides whole-DNA methylation (~24 million autosomal CpG sites), whole-genome (~9 million single-nucleotide variants), and whole-transcriptome (>14 000 genes) data for CD4+ T-lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils collected from approximately 100 subjects. These data were obtained from whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, and whole-transcriptome sequencing, making iMETHYL a comprehensive database.
Structural rearrangements of the histone octamer translocate DNA
Authors: Bilokapic Silvija , Strauss Mike , Halic Mario 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNucleosomes, the basic unit of chromatin, package and regulate expression of eukaryotic genomes. Nucleosomes are highly dynamic and are remodeled with the help of ATP-dependent remodeling factors. Yet, the mechanism of DNA translocation around the histone octamer is poorly understood. In this study, we present several nucleosome structures showing histone proteins and DNA in different organizational states. We observe that the histone octamer undergoes conformational changes that distort the overall nucleosome structure. As such, rearrangements in the histone core α-helices and DNA induce strain that distorts and moves DNA at SHL 2. Distortion of the nucleosome structure detaches histone α-helices from the DNA, leading to their rearrangement and DNA translocation. Biochemical assays show that cross-linked histone octamers are immobilized on DNA, indicating that structural changes in the octamer move DNA. This intrinsic plasticity of the nucleosome is exploited by chromatin remodelers and might be used by other chromatin machineries.
Longer and more frequent marine heatwaves over the past century
Authors: Oliver Eric C. J. , Donat Markus G. , Burrows Michael T. , Moore Pippa J. , Smale Dan A. , Alexander Lisa V. , Benthuysen Jessica A. , Feng Ming , Sen Gupta Alex , Hobday Alistair J. , Holbrook Neil J. , Perkins-Kirkpatrick Sarah E. , Scannell Hillary A. , Straub Sandra C. , Wernberg Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHeatwaves are important climatic extremes in atmospheric and oceanic systems that can have devastating and long-term impacts on ecosystems, with subsequent socioeconomic consequences. Recent prominent marine heatwaves have attracted considerable scientific and public interest. Despite this, a comprehensive assessment of how these ocean temperature extremes have been changing globally is missing. Using a range of ocean temperature data including global records of daily satellite observations, daily in situ measurements and gridded monthly in situ-based data sets, we identify significant increases in marine heatwaves over the past century. We find that from 1925 to 2016, global average marine heatwave frequency and duration increased by 34% and 17%, respectively, resulting in a 54% increase in annual marine heatwave days globally. Importantly, these trends can largely be explained by increases in mean ocean temperatures, suggesting that we can expect further increases in marine heatwave days under continued global warming.
Origin of vertical orientation in two-dimensional metal halide perovskites and its effect on photovoltaic performance
Authors: Chen Alexander Z. , Shiu Michelle , Ma Jennifer H. , Alpert Matthew R. , Zhang Depei , Foley Benjamin J. , Smilgies Detlef-M. , Lee Seung-Hun , Choi Joshua J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThin films based on two-dimensional metal halide perovskites have achieved exceptional performance and stability in numerous optoelectronic device applications. Simple solution processing of the 2D perovskite provides opportunities for manufacturing devices at drastically lower cost compared to current commercial technologies. A key to high device performance is to align the 2D perovskite layers, during the solution processing, vertical to the electrodes to achieve efficient charge transport. However, it is yet to be understood how the counter-intuitive vertical orientations of 2D perovskite layers on substrates can be obtained. Here we report a formation mechanism of such vertically orientated 2D perovskite in which the nucleation and growth arise from the liquid–air interface. As a consequence, choice of substrates can be liberal from polymers to metal oxides depending on targeted application. We also demonstrate control over the degree of preferential orientation of the 2D perovskite layers and its drastic impact on device performance.
Cryptic glucocorticoid receptor-binding sites pervade genomic NF-κB response elements
Authors: Hudson William H. , Vera Ian Mitchelle S. de , Nwachukwu Jerome C. , Weikum Emily R. , Herbst Austin G. , Yang Qin , Bain David L. , Nettles Kendall W. , Kojetin Douglas J. , Ortlund Eric A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are potent repressors of NF-κB activity, making them a preferred choice for treatment of inflammation-driven conditions. Despite the widespread use of GCs in the clinic, current models are inadequate to explain the role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) within this critical signaling pathway. GR binding directly to NF-κB itself—tethering in a DNA binding-independent manner—represents the standing model of how GCs inhibit NF-κB-driven transcription. We demonstrate that direct binding of GR to genomic NF-κB response elements (κBREs) mediates GR-driven repression of inflammatory gene expression. We report five crystal structures and solution NMR data of GR DBD-κBRE complexes, which reveal that GR recognizes a cryptic response element between the binding footprints of NF-κB subunits within κBREs. These cryptic sequences exhibit high sequence and functional conservation, suggesting that GR binding to κBREs is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of controlling the inflammatory response.
A large planetary body inferred from diamond inclusions in a ureilite meteorite
Authors: Nabiei Farhang , Badro James , Dennenwaldt Teresa , Oveisi Emad , Cantoni Marco , Hébert Cécile , El Goresy Ahmed , Barrat Jean-Alix , Gillet Philippe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPlanetary formation models show that terrestrial planets are formed by the accretion of tens of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos through energetic giant impacts. However, relics of these large proto-planets are yet to be found. Ureilites are one of the main families of achondritic meteorites and their parent body is believed to have been catastrophically disrupted by an impact during the first 10 million years of the solar system. Here we studied a section of the Almahata Sitta ureilite using transmission electron microscopy, where large diamonds were formed at high pressure inside the parent body. We discovered chromite, phosphate, and (Fe,Ni)-sulfide inclusions embedded in diamond. The composition and morphology of the inclusions can only be explained if the formation pressure was higher than 20 GPa. Such pressures suggest that the ureilite parent body was a Mercury- to Mars-sized planetary embryo.
Reduction in global area burned and wildfire emissions since 1930s enhances carbon uptake by land
Authors: Arora Vivek K. , Melton Joe R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe terrestrial biosphere currently absorbs about 30% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This carbon uptake over land results primarily from vegetation’s response to increasing atmospheric CO2 but other factors also play a role. Here we show that since the 1930s increasing population densities and cropland area have decreased global area burned, consistent with the charcoal record and recent satellite-based observations. The associated reduced wildfire emissions from increase in cropland area do not enhance carbon uptake since natural vegetation that is spared burning was deforested anyway. However, reduction in fire CO2 emissions due to fire suppression and landscape fragmentation associated with increases in population density is calculated to enhance land carbon uptake by 0.13 Pg C yr−1, or ~19% of the global land carbon uptake (0.7 ± 0.6 Pg C yr−1), for the 1960–2009 period. These results identify reduction in global wildfire CO2 emissions as yet another mechanism that is currently enhancing carbon uptake over land.
Novel, Moon and Mars, partial gravity simulation paradigms and their effects on the balance between cell growth and cell proliferation during early plant development
Authors: Manzano Aránzazu , Herranz Raúl , den Toom Leonardus A. , te Slaa Sjoerd , Borst Guus , Visser Martijn , Medina F. Javier , van Loon Jack J. W. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClinostats and Random Positioning Machine (RPM) are used to simulate microgravity, but, for space exploration, we need to know the response of living systems to fractional levels of gravity (partial gravity) as they exist on Moon and Mars. We have developed and compared two different paradigms to simulate partial gravity using the RPM, one by implementing a centrifuge on the RPM (RPMHW), the other by applying specific software protocols to driving the RPM motors (RPMSW). The effects of the simulated partial gravity were tested in plant root meristematic cells, a system with known response to real and simulated microgravity. Seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were germinated under simulated Moon (0.17 g) and Mars (0.38 g) gravity. In parallel, seeds germinated under simulated microgravity (RPM), or at 1 g control conditions. Fixed root meristematic cells from 4-day grown seedlings were analyzed for cell proliferation rate and rate of ribosome biogenesis using morphometrical methods and molecular markers of the regulation of cell cycle and nucleolar activity. Cell proliferation appeared increased and cell growth was depleted under Moon gravity, compared with the 1 g control. The effects were even higher at the Moon level than at simulated microgravity, indicating that meristematic competence (balance between cell growth and proliferation) is also affected at this gravity level. However, the results at the simulated Mars level were close to the 1 g static control. This suggests that the threshold for sensing and responding to gravity alteration in the root would be at a level intermediate between Moon and Mars gravity. Both partial g simulation strategies seem valid and show similar results at Moon g-levels, but further research is needed, in spaceflight and simulation facilities, especially around and beyond Mars g levels to better understand more precisely the differences and constrains in the use of these facilities for the space biology community.
The spatial and temporal domains of modern ecology
Authors: Estes Lyndon , Elsen Paul R. , Treuer Timothy , Ahmed Labeeb , Caylor Kelly , Chang Jason , Choi Jonathan J. , Ellis Erle C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo understand ecological phenomena, it is necessary to observe their behaviour across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Since this need was first highlighted in the 1980s, technology has opened previously inaccessible scales to observation. To help to determine whether there have been corresponding changes in the scales observed by modern ecologists, we analysed the resolution, extent, interval and duration of observations (excluding experiments) in 348 studies that have been published between 2004 and 2014. We found that observational scales were generally narrow, because ecologists still primarily use conventional field techniques. In the spatial domain, most observations had resolutions ≤1 m2 and extents ≤10,000 ha. In the temporal domain, most observations were either unreplicated or infrequently repeated (>1 month interval) and ≤1 year in duration. Compared with studies conducted before 2004, observational durations and resolutions appear largely unchanged, but intervals have become finer and extents larger. We also found a large gulf between the scales at which phenomena are actually observed and the scales those observations ostensibly represent, raising concerns about observational comprehensiveness. Furthermore, most studies did not clearly report scale, suggesting that it remains a minor concern. Ecologists can better understand the scales represented by observations by incorporating autocorrelation measures, while journals can promote attentiveness to scale by implementing scale-reporting standards.
Application of distribution functions in accurate determination of interdiffusion coefficients
Authors: Wei Ming , Zhang Lijun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiffusion couple technique in combination with the Boltzmann-Matano method is the widely used approach to evaluate the interdiffusion coefficients in the target systems. However, the quality of the evaluated interdiffusion coefficients due to the Boltzmann-Matano method strongly depends on the fitting degree of the utilized continuous function to the discrete experimental composition profiles. In this paper, the application of different types of distribution functions is proposed to solve this problem. For the simple D-c relations, the normal, pseudo-normal, skew normal, pseudo-skew normal distributions can be employed, while for the complex D-c relations, the superposed distributions should be used. Even for the cases with uphill diffusion, the combined superposition of distributions may be chosen. Through validation in several benchmarks and real alloy systems, accurate diffusion coefficients are proved to be successfully obtained by using the distribution functions. It is anticipated that the Boltzmann-Matano method together with the distribution functions may serve as the general solution for determining the accurate interdiffusion coefficients in different materials.
Evidence for Layered Quantized Transport in Dirac Semimetal ZrTe5
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Xiaoqian , Xu Huanfeng , Zhao Yafei , Zou Wenqin , He Liang , Xu Yongbing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractZrTe5 is an important semiconductor thermoelectric material and a candidate topological insulator. Here we report the observation of Shubnikov-de Hass (SdH) oscillations accompanied by quantized Hall resistance in bulk ZrTe5 crystal, with a mobility of 41,000 cm2V−1s−1. We have found that the quantum oscillations does not originate from the surface states, but from the bulk states. Each single layer ZrTe5 acted like an independent 2D electron system in the quantum Hall regime having the same carrier density and mobilities, while the bulk of the sample exhibits a multilayered quantum Hall effect.
Transparent semiconducting SrTiO3 crystal fabricated by heating treatment with gaseous ammonia and CeO2 powder
Authors: Morimoto Yuka , Nishiyama Junji , Takeda Hiroaki , Tsurumi Takaaki , Hoshina Takuya 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA transparent semiconducting SrTiO3 single crystal with a resistivity of the order of 103 Ω·cm was fabricated by heating a SrTiO3 single crystal with gaseous ammonia and CeO2 powder. Conductive atomic force microscope (C-AFM) measurement revealed that micro-sized voids were formed and the high conductivity was exhibited only at around the voids. It is considered that the micro-sized voids were caused by the concentrated SrO planar defects, and TiO2-terminated structure with oxygen vacancies contributed to the two-dimensional conduction. In the heating process, the CeO2 powder acted as an oxygen source, and radicals such as NH2 and NH were generated by the reaction of oxygen and ammonia. The radicals may have contributed to the formation of three-dimensional network of the conductive paths consisting of SrO planar defects without the reduction of the bulk components. The electrons were localized on the TiO2-terminated structure, and the volume content of the conductive paths was small compared to the insulating bulk component. Therefore, the crystal was optically transparent and semiconducting.
Structural modelling of the DNAJB6 oligomeric chaperone shows a peptide-binding cleft lined with conserved S/T-residues at the dimer interface
Authors: Söderberg Christopher A. G. , Månsson Cecilia , Bernfur Katja , Rutsdottir Gudrun , Härmark Johan , Rajan Sreekanth , Al-Karadaghi Salam , Rasmussen Morten , Höjrup Peter , Hebert Hans , Emanuelsson Cecilia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe remarkably efficient suppression of amyloid fibril formation by the DNAJB6 chaperone is dependent on a set of conserved S/T-residues and an oligomeric structure, features unusual among DNAJ chaperones. We explored the structure of DNAJB6 using a combination of structural methods. Lysine-specific crosslinking mass spectrometry provided distance constraints to select a homology model of the DNAJB6 monomer, which was subsequently used in crosslink-assisted docking to generate a dimer model. A peptide-binding cleft lined with S/T-residues is formed at the monomer-monomer interface. Mixed isotope crosslinking showed that the oligomers are dynamic entities that exchange subunits. The purified protein is well folded, soluble and composed of oligomers with a varying number of subunits according to small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Elongated particles (160 × 120 Å) were detected by electron microscopy and single particle reconstruction resulted in a density map of 20 Å resolution into which the DNAJB6 dimers fit. The structure of the oligomer and the S/T-rich region is of great importance for the understanding of the function of DNAJB6 and how it can bind aggregation-prone peptides and prevent amyloid diseases.
Enterobacter bugandensis: a novel enterobacterial species associated with severe clinical infection
Authors: Pati Niladri Bhusan , Doijad Swapnil Prakash , Schultze Tilman , Mannala Gopala Krishna , Yao Yancheng , Jaiswal Sangeeta , Ryan Daniel , Suar Mrutyunjay , Gwozdzinski Konrad , Bunk Boyke , Mraheil Mobarak Abu , Marahiel Mohamed A. , Hegemann Julian D. , Spröer Cathrin , Goesmann Alexander , Falgenhauer Linda , Hain Torsten , Imirzalioglu Can , Mshana Stephen E. , Overmann Jörg , Chakraborty Trinad 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNosocomial pathogens can cause life-threatening infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients. E. bugandensis (EB-247) is a recently described species of Enterobacter, associated with neonatal sepsis. Here we demonstrate that the extended spectrum ß-lactam (ESBL) producing isolate EB-247 is highly virulent in both Galleria mellonella and mouse models of infection. Infection studies in a streptomycin-treated mouse model showed that EB-247 is as efficient as Salmonella Typhimurium in inducing systemic infection and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome and plasmid revealed that virulence properties are associated with the chromosome, while antibiotic-resistance genes are exclusively present on a 299 kb IncHI plasmid. EB-247 grew in high concentrations of human serum indicating septicemic potential. Using whole genome-based transcriptome analysis we found 7% of the genome was mobilized for growth in serum. Upregulated genes include those involved in the iron uptake and storage as well as metabolism. The lasso peptide microcin J25 (MccJ25), an inhibitor of iron-uptake and RNA polymerase activity, inhibited EB-247 growth. Our studies indicate that Enterobacter bugandensis is a highly pathogenic species of the genus Enterobacter. Further studies on the colonization and virulence potential of E. bugandensis and its association with septicemic infection is now warranted.