bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE DALAM KEBIJAKAN LINGKUNGAN (STUDI KASUS PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KELAPA SAWIT DI KABUPATEN ROKAN HULU)
Authors: Adianto Adianto , Prayuda Rendi 
Published: November 2018

The research present describe the collaborative governance in environment policy in management waste of palm oil in Rokan Hulu regency. Rokan Hulu are one of regency in Riau Province that have a big potency in forestry especially about palm oil. In 2012 land of palm oil in Rokan Hulu are arround 208.475 Ha with production 525.079,93 miles CPO. Now days are 31 manufactured are productions of palm oil in 16 subdistrict. The research use the methode are qualitative methodes that analyze problem research by describe the subject and object conditions based on real fact. This research use location in Rokan Hulu regency. Researcher collect data from books, government regulation, jurnal, mass media, website and deep interview with informan head of village in Tuah Sakti Villages, Staff in PLBTG Tuah Sakti and society in Tuah Sakti Village. The conclusion of this research are collaborative governance are implemented in Rokan Hulu Regency are based on environment and supported with maintenance palm oil based on environment with program that held by Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry by independence village. Collaboration information are create a inhibition becaused changing the distirbution authority from regency to Province government. Conflict between PLTBG and PLN Bagan Batu, Mahato Sakti that have a difference region. It is caused a conflict between staff of PLBTG with PLN that have meets in forum but never get agreement.Keywords: collaborative governance, public policy and environment policy
Comportement géochimique du Ta, Th, Co, Sc, U dans les laves de la chaîne des puys
Authors: Coulomb René , Goldsztein M. 
Published: November 2018

Ce travail porte sur trente-cinq laves allant des basaltes aux domites en passant par le groupe des trachyandésites. Les auteurs étudient le comportement de quelques oligo-éléments lors de la différenciation magmatique.
Certains d'entre eux présentent une affinité marquée pour un élément majeur entrant dans la composition des minéraux se formant lors de la différenciation ; il y a alors enrichissement vers un pôle. Dans d'autres cas, l'élément en trace n'entre dans aucune structure cristallographique et se trouve dispersé dans la pâte.
Le dérèglement institutionnel de la cinquième république au niveau du pouvoir exécutif
Authors: Ngameni Herman Blaise 
Published: November 2018

Le président de la République française est considéré comme le monarque sans couronne d’une monarchie républicaine qualifiée de régime semi-présidentiel. Mais, cette réalité politique est-elle en phase avec l ’esprit des institutions de la Cinquième République ? Certainement pas ; car si le Chef de l ’Etat français a après la réforme constitutionnelle du 6 novembre 1962 pu bénéficier d’une légitimité démocratique du fait de son élection au suffrage universel direct, il n 'en demeure pas moins qu ’en réalité, c ’est au Premier ministre que la Constitution confie l ’essentiel du pouvoir exécutif.
Ainsi, la primauté du président de la République au sein de l’appareil exécutif n’est que la conséquence d’un dérèglement lié à un «hold-up » institutionnel qu’il a réalisé depuis quelques décennies. Au reste, la Cohabitation a révélé que le Chef du Gouvernement est en réalité la véritable clé de voûte des institutions d’une République qui depuis les origines et au regard du texte constitutionnel, n’a jamais cessé d’être un régime parlementaire.
Revised Exoplanet Radii and Habitability Using Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Johns Daniel , Marti Connor , Huff Madison , McCann Jacob , Wittenmyer Robert A. , Horner Jonathan , Wright Duncan J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Accurate stellar properties are crucial for determining exoplanet characteristics. Gaia DR2 presents revised distances, luminosities, and radii for 1.6 billion stars. Here, we report the calculation of revised radii and densities for 320 non-Kepler exoplanets using this data and present updated calculations of the incident flux received by 690 known exoplanets. This allows us to reassess the likelihood that those planets orbit in the habitable zone of their host stars. As a result of this analysis, three planets can be added to the catalog of potentially habitable worlds: HIP 67537 b, HD 148156 b, and HD 106720 b. In addition, the changed parameterization of BD +49 898 means that its planet, BD +49 898 b, now receives an incident flux that places it outside the optimistic habitable zone region, as defined by Kopparapu et al. We find that use of the new Gaia data results in a mean increase in the calculated exoplanet radius of 3.76%. Previously, CoRoT-3 b had been reported as having the highest density of all known exoplanets. Here, we use updated information to revise the calculated density of CoRoT-3 b from 26.4 to 16.1 ± 3.98 g cm−3. We also report the densest exoplanet in our data set, KELT-1 b, with a density of

. Overall, our results highlight the importance of ensuring the parameterizations of known exoplanets are revisited whenever significant improvements are made to the precision of the stellar parameters upon which they are based.
Sialic Acid–Dependent Inhibition of T Cells by Exosomal Ganglioside GD3 in Ovarian Tumor Microenvironments
Authors: Shenoy Gautam N. , Loyall Jenni , Berenson Charles S. , Kelleher Raymond J. , Iyer Vandana , Balu-Iyer Sathy V. , Odunsi Kunle , Bankert Richard B. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is rendered immunosuppressive by a variety of cellular and acellular factors that represent potential cancer therapeutic targets. Although exosomes isolated from ovarian tumor ascites fluids have been previously reported to induce a rapid and reversible T cell arrest, the factors present on or within exosomes that contribute to immunosuppression have not been fully defined. In this study, we establish that GD3, a ganglioside expressed on the surface of exosomes isolated from human ovarian tumor ascites fluids, is causally linked to the functional arrest of T cells activated through their TCR. This arrest is inhibited by Ab blockade of exosomal GD3 or by the removal of GD3+ exosomes. Empty liposomes expressing GD3 on the surface also inhibit the activation of T cells, establishing that GD3 contributes to the functional arrest of T cells independent of factors present in exosomes. Finally, we demonstrate that the GD3-mediated arrest of the TCR activation is dependent upon sialic acid groups, because their enzymatic removal from exosomes or liposomes results in a loss of inhibitory capacity. Collectively, these data define GD3 as a potential immunotherapeutic target.
PRECOOKED FROZEN FOODS AND THE NEW HANDLING CODE1
Authors: Robertson A. H. 
Published: November 2018

The origin of and membership in the Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States is described. The formation in 1956 and the objectives of the Joint Committee on Frozen Foods in the above Association with representatives of the National Association of Frozen Food Packers is explained. The Committee was directed to prepare a model processing and handling code for uniform guidance of both industry and public servants.
Industry has surveyed operations, including bacterial determinations on products at different stages of processing in several precooked frozen food processing plants. Any product consisting in part of meat, poultry, gravy, sauce or stuffing is readily subject initially to plant mishandling and should be processed with minimal delay.
Sanitarians are urged to be practical, understanding, cautious and conservative when using the new tools in the recommended code; nevertheless, industry's familiarity with and early use of it will do much to maintain frozen food quality at a high level.
COMPETITION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS WITH OTHER ORGANISMS
Authors: Oberhofer T. R. , Frazier W. C. 
Published: November 2018

Sixty-six cultures of food microorganisms were screened by spot-plate tests on their ability to influence the growth of four strains of Staphylococcus aureus, two enterotoxigenic and two not. The six test media were selected for differences in complexity and to simulate natural foods. The most consistently inhibitory cultures for S. aureus were: Streptococcus faecium, Streptococcus faecalis, S. faecalis var. liquefaciens, a nisin-producing Streptococcus lactis, and various meat lactobacilli. Other cultures were less consistently inhibitory, and many were not inhibitory or were even stimulatory.
Growth of two enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus in meat infusion broth at 15°, 30° and 44° C. was only moderately reduced by simultaneous growth of Escherichia coli strain Gratia, but was markedly reduced by growth of E. coli H52, especially at 15° C. and 44° C.
A COMPARISON OF COOLING PERFORMANCES OF FARM BULK MILK TANKS1 2
Authors: Charity L. F. , Altman L. B. , Belknap R. A. 
Published: November 2018

Milk temperatures in 35 ice-bank and 23 direct-expansion (58 total) farm bulk milk tanks of atmospheric design were measured during the summers of 1958 and 1960. Additional information was obtained by a questionnaire.
Cooling requirements specified in 3-A Sanitary Standards were used as the basis for determining performance. Twenty-two percent of the DE tanks failed during the first milking to properly cool the milk to 40°F, and 26% failed during the second milking. IB tanks had 34% fail for the first milking and 17% for the second milking.
For the second milking 35% of the DE tanks permitted the milk to exceed a 50°F blend temperature. The average time above 50°F was 45 minutes. IB tanks had 23% fail to meet this requirement for an average time of 20 minutes. About 75% of the producers poured milk into the tanks in quantities of 3 to 5 gallons. Average milk temperature rise was 11 °F for both types of tanks.
Maximum stratification temperatures for the DE tanks averaged 2.6°F and for the IB tank 3.2°F. The stratification temperature patterns were different for the two types of tanks.
Some of the faulty tanks were rechecked in 1960. Mechanical and refrigeration problems along with operator neglect were responsible for most of the tanks not cooling to 40°F in the specified time.
When loadings are heavy and air temperatures are high, second-milking blend temperatures will exceed 50°F in many farm tanks as they are now designed and operated. Faster rates of milking will also tend to cause high blend temperatures.
A systematic routine check of all tanks would reduce considerably the numbers not meeting 3-A Standards. An inspection system should involve the hauler, fieldman, sanitarian, tank dealer, and the producer.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF STANDARD PLATE COUNTS OF A FOOD SAMPLE SPLIT AMONG LABORATORIES
Authors: Messinger Harley B. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Homogeneous one-gram samples of kitchen-contaminated egg salad were analyzed in nine public health laboratories on three successive days. Analysis of variance using a nested design was applied to estimate independently the major sources of variation both between and within laboratories. The variation between laboratories was found to be very great, but the variation within each laboratory was also substantial.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE BACTERIOLOGICAL KEEPING QUALITY OF MILK PROCESSED BY HIGH TEMPERATURES WITH A 0.6 SECOND HOLDING TIME1 2
Authors: Evans D. A. , Lachman Eleanor L. , Litsky Warren 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Raw milk was processed through a commercial sized plate heat exchanger at temperatures of 160 F through 260 F with a 0.6 sec hold. Milk samples were collected at increments of 10 F during processing and analyzed for psychrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic counts initially and at weekly intervals thereafter. All samples were held at 40 F after processing. Results indicated that temperatures of processing at 160 F and 170 F were not sufficient to impart acceptable keeping qualities to whole milk held at 40 F for a period of one week. By comparison, processing temperatures of 180 F through 210 F with 0.6 sec hold appeared to impart to whole milk keeping qualities which were approximately comparable to those observed in milk pasteurized according to present standards. When heat treatment in the range of 220 F through 260 F were used, it was indicated that bacteriological keeping quality of the milk was improved to an extent far beyond that experienced with present day commercial pasteurization. There appeared to be somewhat of a tendency for higher count raw milk related to the level of population in the processed product although the magnitude of this relationship was not clearly defined in all cases. It was evident that this process did not produce “commercially sterilized” milk at the processing temperatures and holding time used.
BACTERIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF FILLETING PROCESSES IN IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Authors: Tretsven Wayne I. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
A swab technique was developed for sampling fish and fish processing equipment. Selection of the swab used was based on the uniformity of weight, amounts of water absorbed, and water-holding capacity of the material of the swab. Size of sampling area was based on the limitations of the swabs used to pick up the material from the surface. The technique is simple, convenient, relatively accurate in use, and inexpensive for nondestructive sampling of wet surfaces in the field or in the laboratory.
POPULATION OF CITRATE-FERMENTING BACTERIA IN LACTIC CULTURES
Authors: Overcast W. W. , Skean J. D. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
The total bacteria and citrate-fermenting bacteria in 72 lactic cultures were enumerated. The numbers of citrate-fermenting bacteria varied from fewer than 10,000 to 2.1 billion per ml. The citrate-fermenting bacteria per ml expressed as per cent of each corresponding total count on Tomato Juice Agar (TJA) had a median of 13%. The mean percentages of citrate-fermenting bacteria were not significantly different among lactic cultures grouped according to their original source, time maintained in the dairy plant, or their particular use.
FASTER ENUMERATION OF PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA IN PASTEURIZED MILK – A PRELIMINARY REPORT1
Authors: Freeman T. R. , Nanavati N. V. , Glenn W. E. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Of the 58 chemicals tested, the following were considered effective as selective inhibitors for gram-positive organisms in milk: sodium desoxycholate, alkyldimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, methyl dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, alpha- bromolauric acid, alpha-bromomyristic acid.
INTERFERENCE OF SANITIZERS WITH ANTIBIOTIC DISC ASSAY TESTING OF MILK
Authors: Palmer John 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Five commercial sanitizers were added to milk containing added antibiotics at a concentration range likely to be found in milk; to determine if the presence of the sanitizer would interfere with the estimation of antibiotics by the disc assay method. The sanitizers used were acid halogen and quaternary types, representing a range of commercial currently used products. The results obtained indicated no interference with the antibiotic disc assay test when the residual sanitizers were present even at much higher concentrations than would be expected under good operational practices.
RELATION BETWEEN MILK PRODUCTION CONDITIONS AND RESULTS OF BACTERIOLOGICAL TESTS WITH AND WITHOUT PRELIMINARY INCUBATION OF SAMPLES1
Authors: Johns C. K. , Clegg L. F. L. , Leggatt A. G. , Nesbitt J. M. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
The effectiveness of various bacteriological methods in detecting insanitary production conditions was studied over a two-year period at three centers. It had been planned to use the pulsating rinse test as a yardstick, but it was found necessary to supplement this with a weighted scoring system for “faults” reported on inspection. Farms were classified as satisfactory or unsatisfactory on this basis. In contrast to previous experience, preliminary incubation (PI) at 55 F for 18 hr failed to show any significant advantage. However, subsequent studies revealed that results would have been more favorable had samples been taken from full tanks, rather than of the first two milkings. Results varied markedly between the three centers in the degree to which unsatisfactory conditions were reflected by both standard plate counts (SPC) and resazurin reduction tests. Resazurin reduction times equivalent to various SPCs varied strikingly from center to center, and even between two groups of farms at a given center. All were appreciably greater than those currently in vogue. Bacteriological standards as stiff as 10,000/ml SPC failed to detect up to 32% of farms scored as unsatisfactory, emphasizing anew the importance of regular, frequent, careful inspection of farms.
SANITARY STATUS OF SOME PRECOOKED, FROZEN, DESSERT-TYPE FOODS1
Authors: Verma N. N. S. , Foltz V. D. , Mickelsen Ross 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Sanitary status of 102 samples of precooked, frozen, dessert-type foods available in the local market (Manhattan, Kansas) was determined. Foods were studied for total bacterial population, densities of coliform bacilli, Escherichia coli and staphylococci.
All samples except two showed standard plate counts fewer than 100,000 per g, and the majority (90%) had counts below, 41,000 per g. Thirty-nine (38.2%) of the specimens showed evidences of coliform contamination and 8 (7.8%) were contaminated with E. coli of probable fecal origin. Coliform counts in 24 (23.32%) samples varied from 10 to 275 per g. Twenty-eight (27.45%) of the specimens showed contamination by staphylococci though no isolate proved to be coagulase-positive. Some problems of analysis and interpretation that arose are discussed.
COMPARATIVE DESTRUCTION OF AIR-BORNE LACTIC BACTERIOPHAGES BY VARIOUS GERMICIDES APPLIED AS AEROSOLS1,2
Authors: Sing E. L. , Elliker P. R. , Sandine W. E. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
The chlorine-releasing compounds were highly effective in destroying air-borne lactic streptococcus bacteriophages 144F and 18–16. At a concentration of .048 ppm available chlorine in the chamber, which was attained with 1000 ppm available chlorine in the solution applied, the inactivation was 99.999% or better. Of the various germicides tested, the quaternary ammonium compound and phosphoric acid wetting agent were found to be least effective as virucidal aerosols. Incorporation of chelating agents (EDTA) with quaternary ammonium compounds, to enhance their virucidal activity, was unsuccessful. The effectiveness of iodophor applied as an aerosol, was progressively greater with increasing concentration; however, undesirable side effects such as a heavy brown residue on all surfaces contacted and undesirable odors were noted.
The study of corrosive effects by germicides on various metals indicated that of the chlorine-containing compounds, dichloroisocyanuric acid was least corrosive. Phosphoric acid wetting agents were the least corrosive of all compounds tested.
Results of this study suggested that the chlorine-containing compounds, when applied as an aerosol at sufficiently high concentration, should provide the most effective agents for sanitizing procedures for the control of bacteriophages in the air and on building and equipment surfaces. The results further indicated that a concentration of .048 ppm available chlorine or more in the air provided most effective phage destruction under experimental conditions. This concentration was provided by the equivalent of 1 to 1.5 liters of 1000 ppm applied as an aerosol per 1000 ft3 of space.
Present state of knowledge would indicate that dichloroisocyanuric acid should be an effective and practical compound for control of bacteriophage in dairy plants. In addition to being highly virucidal, dichloroisocyanuric acid also has a low rate of corrosion.
ANALYSIS OF BACTERIOLOGICAL UTENSIL SWAB COUNTS AND DISHWASHING PROCEDURES FROM FIELD REPORTS
Authors: Post F. J. , Entz J. W. , Palmersheim J. J. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Swab records of the Los Angeles County Health Department totaling 13,447 for the years 1959, 1960, and part of 1961 were analysed using the IBM 7090 computer of the Western Data Processing Center. Results indicated that the total number of illegal counts in the county for this period averaged 12.67%, far below comparable reports from other sections of the country. Analysis of the data indicated that bars had more illegal counts than restaurants and used hand washing far more than machine washing. About 38% of restaurants used machines. Type of sanitizer, time of exposure, utensil, and distribution of bacterial counts are also reported. Quaternary ammonium compounds appeared to be used less successfully than hot water and chlorine. Hot water was the most reliable sanitizer on the whole but chlorine was more frequently found at legal concentrations. It was concluded that supervision of operation was more important than the swab test itself.
COMPARISON OF MEDIA FOR THE ISOLATION OF CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS FROM FOOD.1, 2, 3
Authors: Southworth Jill M. L. , Strong Dorothy Hussemann 
Published: November 2018

Summary
The purpose of the study was to determine how SPS agar of Angelotti et al. (2) compared with certain other solid media proposed for the isolation or identification of clostridia. An attempt was made, therefore, to recover viable cells of three strains of Clostridium perfringens from various suspending media using five plating media. The results were analyzed statistically.
The results may be summarized by stating that in every case SPS agar proved to be better than the other media examined for the recovery of the organisms; and that neither the food constituents tested nor mixed cultures of organisms affected the quantitative recovery of C. perfringens. The presence of sulfadiazine and polymyxin-B-sulfate in the medium did not affect the recovery of C. perfringens in a statistically significant manner.
THE WISCONSIN MASTITIS TEST – AN INDIRECT ESTIMATION OF LEUCOCYTES IN MILK1
Authors: Thompson D. I. , Postle D. S. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
A simple, rapid screening test for mastitis in bulk samples has been described. The test is based on the observation that an increase in leucocytes is accompanied by an increase in viscosity when a detergent reagent is mixed with a milk sample. The viscosity is determined by measuring the height of a column of milk-reagent mixture remaining in a test tube after a 15-sec outflow through a cap having an orifice 1.2 mm dia. The results of this method correlate well with the square root of the leucocyte count (correlation coefficient equals 0.91).
DETECTION EFFICIENCY OF MASTITIS SCREENING TESTS
Authors: Cole E. J. , Painter E. V. , Schnepper G. H. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
A comparison of the detection efficiency of five screening tests for mastitis was made by correlating test results with results of a specific laboratory standard based on a direct leukocyte count and/or the culturing of infectious organisms on the same samples of milk. Since the screening tests are “indirect” or non-specific in nature, the measure of effectiveness took into consideration not only the per cent detected as compared to that detected by the laboratory method, but also the per cent of readings which were false positives. Both per cent detection and per cent false positives increased with increasing test sensitivity. The level of detection at which the per cent of false positives began to increase rapidly was chosen as the optimum efficiency for each type of test. This optimum efficiency correlated with the presence of mastitis as follows: California Mastitis Test 69.5%; Whiteside Test 65.5%; Filter Disk Test 45.0%; Catalase Test 43.8%; Strip Plate Test 4.7%.