bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principal component analysis for process monitoring in distributed system environment
Authors: Gao Shi‐wei , Tian Ran , Chen Peng 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn modern industrial production processes, process monitoring plays a major role in improving process efficiency and quality of product, and it is an important task in industrial process. The best way to implement process monitoring is to develop models that describe different phenomena in physics, chemistry, and processes. However, because the modeling of industrial processes is often very complex and has significant intrinsic nonlinearities, a reasonable theoretical modeling method are often impractical. With the adoption of distributed control systems, the application of multivariate statistical monitoring is becoming more and more popular in the distributed system environment. This paper uses the technology for multivariate monitoring of continuous production processes. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and making full use of system statistics information, the method can well deal with the nonlinear and multimode distribution of industrial data, which is difficult to be dealt with by traditional methods. This method can be used not only in process detection but also in fault detection. Finally, the method is applied to the actual example and the Tennessee‐Eastman model; the simulation results prove the feasibility of the proposed method and achieve better results.
Golgi‐Cox Staining of Neuronal Dendrites and Dendritic Spines With FD Rapid GolgiStain™ Kit
Authors: Du Fu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Golgi‐Cox method has been one of the most effective techniques for studying the morphology of neuronal dendrites and dendritic spines. However, the reliability and time‐consuming process of Golgi‐Cox staining have been major obstacles to the widespread application of this technique. To overcome these shortcomings and to promote this invaluable technique, we developed the FD Rapid GolgiStain™ Kit based on the principle of the methods described by Ramón‐Moliner in 1970 and Glaser and Van der Loos in 1981. The kit significantly improves and simplifies the Golgi‐Cox technique. This kit is reliable for visualizing morphological details of neurons, allowing for analysis of various parameters of dendritic morphology—such as dendritic length and branching pattern and dendritic spine number, shape, and size—in both animal and postmortem human brains. A 40‐min instructional video for tissue freezing, cryosectioning, and staining is provided. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Healthcare Databases to Refine Understanding of Exploratory Associations Between Drugs and Progression of Open‐Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Wang Shirley V. , Li Ning , Rice Dennis S. , Grosskreutz Cynthia L. , Dryja Thaddeus P. , Prasanna Ganesh , Lii Joyce , Gagne Joshua J. 
Published: May 2019

We sought to refine understanding about associations identified in prior studies between angiotensin‐II receptor blockers, metformin, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fibric‐acid derivatives, or calcium channel blockers and progression to glaucoma filtration surgery for open‐angle glaucoma (OAG). We used new‐initiator, active‐comparator cohort designs to investigate these drugs in two data sources. We adjusted for confounders using stabilized inverse‐probability‐of‐treatment weights and evaluated results using “intention‐to‐treat” and “as‐treated” follow‐up approaches. In both data sources, Kaplan–Meier curves showed trends for more rapid progression to glaucoma filtration surgery in patients taking calcium channel blockers compared with thiazides with as‐treated (MarketScan P = 0.15; Medicare P = 0.03) and intention‐to‐treat follow‐up (MarketScan P < 0.01; Medicare P = 0.10). There was suggestion of delayed progression for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor compared with tricyclic antidepressants in Medicare, which was not observed in MarketScan. Our study provided support for a relationship between calcium channel blockers and OAG progression but not for other investigated drugs.
Metal‐Sulfide Catalysts Derived from Lignosulfonate and their Efficient Use in Hydrogenolysis
Authors: Liu Sijie , van Muyden Antoine P. , Bai Lichen , Cui Xinjiang , Fei Zhaofu , Li Xuehui , Hu Xile , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCatalytic lignosulfonate valorization is hampered by the in situ liberation of sulfur that ultimately poisons the catalyst. To overcome this limitation, metal sulfide catalysts were developed that are able to cleave the C−O bonds of lignosulfonate and are resistant to sulfur poisoning. The catalysts were prepared by using the lignosulfonate substrate as a precursor to form well‐dispersed carbon‐supported metal (Co, Ni, Mo, CoMo, NiMo) sulfide catalysts. Following optimization of the reaction conditions employing a model substrate, the catalysts were used to generate guaiacyl monomers from lignosulfonate. The Co catalyst was able to produce 23.7 mg of 4‐propylguaiacol per gram of lignosulfonate with a selectivity of 84 %. The catalysts operated in water and could be recycled and reused multiple times. Thus, it was demonstrated that an inexpensive, sulfur‐tolerant catalyst based on an earth‐abundant metal and lignosulfonate efficiently catalyzed the selective hydrogenolysis of lignosulfonate in water in the absence of additives.
Direct Synthesis of Diphenylamines from Phenols and Ammonium Formate Catalyzed by Palladium
Authors: Dominguez‐Huerta Alejandra , Perepichka Inna , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractArylamines are commercially and synthetically useful compounds with a wide variety of applications. Their preparation has been traditionally achieved using metal‐catalyzed C−N coupling reactions with aryl halides. In this work, 17 different diarylamines are prepared from phenols by using ammonium formate as the aminating reagent. Phenolic compounds are more desirable feedstocks, owing to their availability from lignin, making them valuable biorenewable alternatives to aryl halides. Ammonium formate is found to be a convenient surrogate for ammonia and a useful aminating reagent for phenols. Diarylamine products are obtained in good to excellent yields while only water and CO2 are generated as byproducts of the transformation.
Design and analysis of a high step‐up single‐switch coupled inductor DC‐DC converter with low‐voltage stress on components for PV power application
Authors: Eskandarpour Azizkandi Mahmoodreza , Sedaghati Farzad , Shayeghi Hossein 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a single‐switch, high step‐up, non‐isolated DC‐DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) power application. The proposed converter is composed of a coupled inductor, a passive clamp circuit, a voltage multiplier cell, and a voltage lift circuit. The passive clamp circuit recovers the leakage inductance energy of the coupled inductor and limits the voltage spike on the switch. Configuration of the passive clamp and voltage multiplier circuits increases the converter voltage gain. High‐voltage gain without a large duty cycle, low turn ratio of the coupled inductor, low‐voltage stress on the switch and diodes, leakage inductance energy recovery, and high efficiency are the main merits of the suggested DC‐DC converter. Steady‐state operation of the converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM), discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), and boundary condition mode (BCM) is discussed and analyzed in detail. Then, design procedure of the proposed converter is given. The presented DC‐DC converter is compared with similar topologies to verify its advantages. Moreover, theoretical efficiency of the presented converter is calculated in details. Finally, simulation and experimental measurement results of 388 V‐220 W prototype of the proposed DC‐DC converter at 50‐kHz switching frequency are presented to verify its performance.
Pharmacological evidence for the role of RAR in axon guidance and embryonic development of a protostome species
Authors: Johnson Alysha , de Hoog Eric , Tolentino Michael , Nasser Tamara , Spencer Gaynor E. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryRetinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, functions through nuclear receptors, one of which is the retinoic acid receptor (RAR). Though the RAR is essential for various aspects of vertebrate development, little is known about the role of RAR in nonchordate invertebrates. Here, we examined the potential role of an invertebrate RAR in mediating chemotropic effects of retinoic acid. The RAR of the protostome Lymnaea stagnalis is present in the growth cones of regenerating cultured motorneurons, and a synthetic RAR agonist (EC23), was able to mimic the effects of retinoic acid in inducing growth cone turning. We also examined the ability of the natural retinoids, all‐trans RA and 9‐cis RA, as well as the synthetic RAR agonists, to disrupt embryonic development in Lymnaea. Developmental defects included delays in embryo hatching, arrested eye, and shell development, as well as more severe abnormalities such as halted development. Developmental defects induced by some (but not all) synthetic RAR agonists were found to mimic those induced by addition of high concentrations of the natural retinoid isomers. These pharmacological data support a possible physiological role for the RAR in axon guidance and embryonic development of an invertebrate protostome species.
Pesticide exposure affects flight dynamics and reduces flight endurance in bumblebees
Authors: Kenna Daniel , Cooley Hazel , Pretelli Ilaria , Ramos Rodrigues Ana , Gill Steve D. , Gill Richard J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe emergence of agricultural land use change creates a number of challenges that insect pollinators, such as eusocial bees, must overcome. Resultant fragmentation and loss of suitable foraging habitats, combined with pesticide exposure, may increase demands on foraging, specifically the ability to collect or reach sufficient resources under such stress. Understanding effects that pesticides have on flight performance is therefore vital if we are to assess colony success in these changing landscapes. Neonicotinoids are one of the most widely used classes of pesticide across the globe, and exposure to bees has been associated with reduced foraging efficiency and homing ability. One explanation for these effects could be that elements of flight are being affected, but apart from a couple of studies on the honeybee (Apis mellifera), this has scarcely been tested. Here, we used flight mills to investigate how exposure to a field realistic (10 ppb) acute dose of imidacloprid affected flight performance of a wild insect pollinator—the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris audax. Intriguingly, observations showed exposed workers flew at a significantly higher velocity over the first ¾ km of flight. This apparent hyperactivity, however, may have a cost because exposed workers showed reduced flight distance and duration to around a third of what control workers were capable of achieving. Given that bumblebees are central place foragers, impairment to flight endurance could translate to a decline in potential forage area, decreasing the abundance, diversity, and nutritional quality of available food, while potentially diminishing pollination service capabilities.
Insights on the functional composition of specialist and generalist birds throughout continuous and fragmented forests
Authors: dos Anjos Luiz , Bochio Gabriela Menezes , Medeiros Hugo Reis , Almeida Bia de Arruda , Lindsey Barbara Rocha Arakaki , Calsavara Larissa Corsini , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Domingues Torezan José Marcelo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA decline in species number often occurs after forest fragmentation and habitat loss, which usually results in the loss of ecological functions and a reduction in functional diversity in the forest fragments. However, it is uncertain whether these lost ecological functions are consistently maintained throughout continuous forests, and so the importance of these functions in continuous forests remains unknown. Point counts were used to assess both the taxonomic and functional diversity of specialist and generalist birds from sampling in a continuous primary forest compared with forest fragments in order to investigate the responses of these groups to forest fragmentation. We also measured alpha and beta diversity. The responses of specialists and generalists were similar when we assessed all bird species but were different when only passerines were considered. When examining passerines we found lower total taxonomic beta diversity for specialists than for generalists in the continuous forest, while taxonomic beta diversity was higher in the fragmented forest and similar between bird groups. However, total functional beta‐diversity values indicated clearly higher trait regularity in continuous forest for specialists and higher trait regularity in fragments for generalists. Specialists showed significantly higher functional alpha diversity in comparison with generalists in the continuous forest, while both groups showed similar values in fragments. In passerines, species richness and alpha functional diversity of both specialist and generalist were explained by forest connectivity; but, only fragment size explained those parameters for specialist passerines. We suggest that considering subsets of the community with high similarity among species, as passerines, provides a better tool for understanding responses to forest fragmentation. Due to the regularity of specialists in continuous forest, their lost could highly affect functionality in forest fragments.
Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters
Authors: Moxley Jerry H. , Nicholson Teri E. , Van Houtan Kyle S. , Jorgensen Salvador J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractComplex interactions between protected populations may challenge the recovery of whole ecosystems. In California, white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) mistargeting southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) are an emergent impact to sea otter recovery, inhibiting the broader ecosystem restoration sea otters might provide. Here, we integrate and analyze tracking and stranding data to compare the phenology of interactions between white sharks and their targeted prey (elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris) with those of mistargeted prey (sea otters, humans). Pronounced seasonal peaks in shark bites to otters and humans overlap in the late boreal summer, immediately before the annual adult white shark migration to elephant seal rookeries. From 1997 to 2017, the seasonal period when sharks bite otters expanded from 2 to 8 months of the year and occurred primarily in regions where kelp cover declined. Immature and male otters, demographics most associated with range expansion, were disproportionately impacted. While sea otters are understood to play a keystone role in kelp forests, recent ecosystem shifts are revealing unprecedented bottom‐up and top‐down interactions. Such shifts challenge ecosystem management programs that rely on static models of species interactions.
Spatial patterns and interspecific associations among trees at different stand development stages in the natural secondary forests on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Gu Li , O'Hara Kevin L. , Li Wei‐zhong , Gong Zhi‐wen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuercus wutaishanseapopulations on the Loess Plateau are currently becoming more dominant in natural secondary forests, whereasPinus tabulaeformisis declining. In the present paper, the diameter class (instead of age) was used to classify the different growth stages as juvenile, subadult, or adult, and the univariate functiong(r) was used to analyze the dynamic changes in spatial patterns and interspecific associations in three 1‐ha tree permanent plots on the Loess Plateau, NW China. Our results suggested that the niche breadth changed with the development stage. The diameter distribution curve was consistent with the inverted “J” type, indicating that natural regeneration was common in all three plots. There was a close relationship between the spatial pattern and scale, which showed significant aggregation at small distances, and became more random as distance increased, but in thePinus + Quercusmixed forests, the whole species were aggregated at distances up to 50 m. The degree of spatial clumping decreased from juvenile to subadult and from subadult to adult. The spatial pattern also differed at different growth stages, likely due to strong intraspecific competition. Associations among different growth stages were positively correlated at small scales. Our study is important to the understanding of the development of theQ. wutaishanseaforests; thus, the spatial dynamic change features should be received greater attention when planning forest management and developing restoration strategies on the Loess Plateau.
IL‐10‐producing B cells are characterized by a specific methylation signature
Authors: Tonon Silvia , Mion Francesca , Dong Jun , Chang Hyun‐Dong , Dalla Emiliano , Scapini Patrizia , Perruolo Giuseppe , Zanello Andrea , Dugo Matteo , Cassatella Marco A. , Colombo Mario P. , Radbruch Andreas , Tripodo Claudio , Pucillo Carlo E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAmong the family of regulatory B cells, the subset able to produce interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is the most studied, yet its biology is still a matter of investigation. The DNA methylation profiling of the il‐10 gene locus revealed a novel epigenetic signature characterizing murine B cells ready to respond through IL‐10 synthesis: a demethylated region located 4.5 kb from the transcription starting site (TSS), that we named early IL10 regulatory region (eIL10rr). This feature allows to distinguish B cells that are immediately prone and developmentally committed to IL‐10 production from those that require a persistent stimulation to exert an IL‐10‐mediated regulatory function. These late IL‐10 producers are instead characterized by a delayed IL10 regulatory region (dIL10rr), a partially demethylated DNA portion located 9 kb upstream from the TSS. A demethylated region was also found in human IL‐10‐producing B cells and, very interestingly, in some B‐cell malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle cell lymphoma, characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our findings define murine and human regulatory B cells as an epigenetically controlled functional state of mature B cell subsets and open a new perspective on IL‐10 regulation in B cells in homeostasis and disease.
Improvement in the Oxidative Stability of Flaxseed Oil Using an Edible Guar Gum‐Tannic Acid Nanofibrous Mat
Authors: Yang Weiqiao , Li Xihong , Jiang Jianan , Fan Xuetong , Du Meijun , Shi Xianai , Cao Ruizhi 
Published: May 2019

In this study, tannic acid (TA), a natural antioxidant, is successfully encapsulated into a plant‐based guar gum fibrous mat by electrospinning without using an organic solvent. An upper threshold of 10 wt% TA (based on the dry weight of guar gum [GG]) and 2 wt% guar gum is the optimum composition to achieve a defect‐free structure through electrospinning. The obtained nanofibers have a mean diameter of 96 ± 22 nm. The effect of the encapsulated TA in the fibrous mat (200 ppm) on the oxidation of unrefined flaxseed oil (FO) is investigated over 30 days of storage at an elevated temperature (60 °C) and compared with the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a synthetic antioxidant, and non‐encapsulated TA at the same concentrations. Changes in the fatty acid composition, the conjugated diene content, the peroxide value, the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the p‐anisidine content are monitored as indicators of the oxidative stability. The TA fibrous mat exhibits different inhibitory effects on the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and is more effective than non‐encapsulated TA and BHT in reducing the rate of primary oxidation and secondary oxidation of FO as evaluated by all the oxidation indicators except the TBARS values for which BHT displays the greatest inhibition. Overall, the results demonstrate that the encapsulation of natural antioxidants into fibrous mats could potentially be used to preserve edible oils.Practical Applications: This is the first paper using plant‐based fibrous mats encapsulating natural antioxidant to improve the oxidative of flaxseed oil (FO) during storage. Compared with macro Tannic acid (TA), encapsulating TA in nano‐scale delivery system is more effective in delaying both the primary and secondary oxidation reactions of FO throughout the entire storage time. The results demonstrate that encapsulation of TA in fibrous mat could be potentially used to preserve oil. The formation of this nanofiber mat in this system is manufactured without using any synthetic chemicals. The plant‐derived components (GG and TA) are both recognized as safe by FDA and even edible. It can be directly added to crude oil systems during oilseed refining processing or used as coating material to fix on the surface of existing packaging bottle in order to prevent edible oil from oxidation, which would be beneficial in oil preservation and other related fields.This is the first paper using plant‐based nanoscale delivery system encapsulating natural antioxidant to improve the oxidative of flaxseed oil during storage. The plant‐derived components (guar gum and tannic acid) are both recognized as safe by FDA and even edible. The simple preparation process, effectiveness, and food‐grade functionality provide a novel alternative to synthetic antioxidants to protect edible oil from oxidation.
Surfactant‐Assisted Aqueous Extraction Processing of Camellia Seed Oil by Cyclic Utilization of Aqueous Phase
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Zhang Wenbin , Liu Junjun , Zhao Wei , Yang Ruijin 
Published: May 2019

Tea saponin, an abundant nonionic surfactant in Camellia seeds, is proved to be able to reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. The tendency of oil transfer from raw material into the aqueous phase is enhanced with the lowering of interfacial tension. Based on the result above, an improved surfactant‐assisted aqueous extraction processing method (SAEP) is established. SAEP can accumulate tea saponin in aqueous phase by the continuous reuse of extracting agent and sequentially reduce the difficulty of oil extraction. Attributed to the decrease in sediment phase (3.09 and 4.96%, respectively, when distilled water and ethanol are used as extracting agents), highest oil yields of 93.58 and 89.62% are obtained, respectively. In addition, the by‐products accumulated continuously in aqueous phase are beneficial for the recycling. The proposed method can save 60–70% of the extracting agent dosage compared with traditional aqueous extraction processing (AEP), which greatly reduces the production cost and wastewater output.Practical Applications: Alcohol‐assisted aqueous extraction processing of Camellia seed oil has been industrialized in China. However, economic benefit of this process is limited by large amount of alcohol consumption and production safety requirements. Surfactant‐assisted aqueous extraction processing (SAEP) accumulates the tea saponin rich in Camellia seeds by the extracting agent recycling use. The high concentration of tea saponin reduces the interfacial tension between oil and water, ensures the extraction rate, and reduces the consumption of the extracting agent. SAEP with a strong operability has the potential to help enterprises improve production process and reduce cost.Tea saponin (TS), which is rich in Camellia seeds, is proved to be able to reduce the difficulty of aqueous extraction processing of Camellia seed oil. With the continuous accumulation of tea saponin by aqueous phase cyclic utilization, the interfacial tension between extracting agent and oil continuously decreases, which promotes the release of oil from raw materials and improves the utilization of protein and other by‐products simultaneously. This method fully embodies the concept of green extraction and has potential application value to the enterprises which have industrialized production of Camellia oil by alcohol‐assisted aqueous extraction processing.