bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual impact of organisational change on subsequent exit from work unit and sickness absence: a longitudinal study among public healthcare employees
Authors: Jensen Johan Høy , Flachs Esben Meulengracht , Skakon Janne , Rod Naja Hulvej , Bonde Jens Peter 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesWe investigated work-unit exit, total and long-term sickness absence following organisational change among public healthcare employees.MethodsThe study population comprised employees from the Capital Region of Denmark (n=14 388). Data on reorganisation at the work-unit level (merger, demerger, relocation, change of management, employee layoff or budget cut) between July and December 2013 were obtained via surveys distributed to the managers of each work unit. Individual-level data on work-unit exit, total and long-term sickness absence (≥29 days) in 2014 were obtained from company registries. For exposure to any, each type or number of reorganisations (1, 2 or ≥3), the HRs and 95% CIs for subsequent work-unit exit were estimated by Cox regression, and the risk for total and long-term sickness absence were estimated by zero-inflated Poisson regression.ResultsReorganisation was associated with subsequent work-unit exit (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.19) in the year after reorganisation. This association was specifically important for exposure to ≥3 types of changes (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.79), merger (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.49), demerger (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.71) or change of management (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38). Among the employees remaining in the work unit, reorganisation was also associated with more events of long-term sickness absence (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33), which was particularly important for merger (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.72) and employee layoff (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.59).ConclusionsSpecific types of reorganisation seem to have a dual impact on subsequent work-unit exit and sickness absence in the year after change.
Informing Canada’s commitment to biodiversity conservation: A science-based framework to help guide protected areas designation through Target 1 and beyond
Authors: Coristine Laura E. , Jacob Aerin L. , Schuster Richard , Otto Sarah P. , Baron Nancy E. , Bennett Nathan J. , Bittick Sarah Joy , Dey Cody , Favaro Brett , Ford Adam , Nowlan Linda , Orihel Diane , Palen Wendy J. , Polfus Jean L. , Shiffman David S. , Venter Oscar , Woodley Stephen 
Published: May 2018

Biodiversity is intrinsically linked to the health of our planet—and its people. Yet, increasingly, human activities are causing the extinction of species, degrading ecosystems, and reducing nature’s resilience to climate change and other threats. As a signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Canada has a legal responsibility to protect 17% of land and freshwater by 2020. Currently, Canada has protected ∼10% of its terrestrial lands, requiring a marked increase in the pace and focus of protection over the next three years.Given the distribution, extent, and geography of Canada’s current protected areas, systematic conservation planning would provide decision-makers with a ranking of the potential for new protected area sites to stem biodiversity loss and preserve functioning ecosystems. Here, we identify five key principles for identifying lands that are likely to make the greatest contribution to reversing biodiversity declines and ensuring biodiversity persistence into the future. We identify current gaps and integrate principles of protecting ( i) species at risk, ( ii) representative ecosystems, ( iii) intact wilderness, ( iv) connectivity, and ( v) climate refugia. This spatially explicit assessment is intended as an ecological foundation that, when integrated with social, economic and governance considerations, would support evidence-based protected area decision-making in Canada.
Adaptive Spontaneous Brain–Computer Interfaces Based on Software Agents
Authors: Castillo-Garcia Javier F. , Caicedo-Bravo Eduardo F. , Bastos Teodiano F. 
Published: May 2018

Background: An adaptive Brain–Computer Interface (aBCI) is an extension of a traditional Brain–Computer Interface (BCI). In this work, trial rejection, median filter and software agent are included in a BCI to modify the parameters of its classifier and smoothen the signal feature during task execution. Methods: In this study, a database was used with five spontaneous mental tasks. A software agent was implemented to monitor a BCI for its adaptation. The software agent can learn from the environment and save this information. Results: The statistical significance and the effect size between a BCI and the aBCI proposed here were evaluated in this work. The Information Transfer Rate (ITR) in the aBCI was lower in comparison with BCI, however, the system has statistical significance and high effect size in the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient than the latter. Conclusions: Our aBCI improves the performance of a traditional BCI because the software agent can learn from its environment (brain signals) and adjust the BCI’s parameters. The signal quality was used as main factor to tune the feature extraction and parameters of the classifier.
Entangled between worlds: Swiss petroleum geologists,
c.
1900–50
Authors: Gisler Monika 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This chapter presents a collection of first-generation Swiss geologists, who, around 1900, went abroad in order to work for oil organizations, both public and private. With the rise of oil exploration after 1900, the demand for experienced oil geologists grew rapidly. Oil companies started hiring trained geologists from different parts of the world, which led to an increasing number of Swiss geologists finding employment abroad. One of the first to start his career abroad was Carl Schmidt (1862–1923) from Basel, highly esteemed and later renowned for his achievements as a teacher of younger oil geologists. Another was Josef Erb (1874–1934), who accomplished an unparalleled career at Royal Dutch Shell. Other examples include Hans Hirschi (1876–1964), who worked for the Union des Pétroles d'Oklahoma for a few years, and Arnold Heim (1882–1965), working nearly 50 years for major oil companies. Many more followed over the decades to come, so that virtual successions took place between them: specific territories and specific companies were ‘handed down’ between geologists of the same nationality. Where once the Swiss were employed, others took over; the pioneers acted as door-openers for future generations.
GFPT2-Expressing Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Mediate Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Weiruo , Bouchard Gina , Yu Alice , Shafiq Majid , Jamali Mehran , Shrager Joseph B. , Ayers Kelsey , Bakr Shaimaa , Gentles Andrew J. , Diehn Maximilian , Quon Andrew , West Robert B. , Nair Viswam , van de Rijn Matt , Napel Sandy , Plevritis Sylvia K. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment is recognized as a cancer hallmark. To identify new molecular processes associated with tumor metabolism, we analyzed the transcriptome of bulk and flow-sorted human primary non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) together with 18FDG-PET scans, which provide a clinical measure of glucose uptake. Tumors with higher glucose uptake were functionally enriched for molecular processes associated with invasion in adenocarcinoma and cell growth in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Next, we identified genes correlated to glucose uptake that were predominately overexpressed in a single cell–type comprising the tumor microenvironment. For SCC, most of these genes were expressed by malignant cells, whereas in adenocarcinoma, they were predominately expressed by stromal cells, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Among these adenocarcinoma genes correlated to glucose uptake, we focused on glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2), which codes for the glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 2 (GFAT2), a rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), which is responsible for glycosylation. GFPT2 was predictive of glucose uptake independent of GLUT1, the primary glucose transporter, and was prognostically significant at both gene and protein level. We confirmed that normal fibroblasts transformed to CAF-like cells, following TGFβ treatment, upregulated HBP genes, including GFPT2, with less change in genes driving glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and TCA cycle. Our work provides new evidence of histology-specific tumor stromal properties associated with glucose uptake in NSCLC and identifies GFPT2 as a critical regulator of tumor metabolic reprogramming in adenocarcinoma.
Significance: These findings implicate the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway as a potential new therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3445–57. ©2018 AACR.
NK Cells Mediate Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Combined Inhibition of HDAC6 and BET in a SCLC Preclinical Model
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Yuyang , Liu Shengwu , Adeegbe Dennis O. , Christensen Camilla L. , Quinn Max M. , Dries Ruben , Han Shiwei , Buczkowski Kevin , Wang Xiaoen , Chen Ting , Gao Peng , Zhang Hua , Li Fei , Hammerman Peter S. , Bradner James E. , Quayle Steven N. , Wong Kwok-Kin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has the highest malignancy among all lung cancers, exhibiting aggressive growth and early metastasis to distant sites. For 30 years, treatment options for SCLC have been limited to chemotherapy, warranting the need for more effective treatments. Frequent inactivation of TP53 and RB1 as well as histone dysmodifications in SCLC suggest that transcriptional and epigenetic regulations play a major role in SCLC disease evolution. Here we performed a synthetic lethal screen using the BET inhibitor JQ1 and an shRNA library targeting 550 epigenetic genes in treatment-refractory SCLC xenograft models and identified HDAC6 as a synthetic lethal target in combination with JQ1. Combined treatment of human and mouse SCLC cell line–derived xenograft tumors with the HDAC6 inhibitor ricolinostat (ACY-1215) and JQ1 demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth; this effect was abolished upon depletion of NK cells, suggesting that these innate immune lymphoid cells play a role in SCLC tumor treatment response. Collectively, these findings suggest a potential new treatment for recurrent SCLC.
Significance: These findings identify a novel therapeutic strategy for SCLC using a combination of HDAC6 and BET inhibitors. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3709–17. ©2018 AACR.
Dietary Acrylamide Intake and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma in Two Large Prospective Cohorts
Authors: Graff Rebecca E. , Cho Eunyoung , Preston Mark A. , Sanchez Alejandro , Mucci Lorelei A. , Wilson Kathryn M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary acrylamide intake is not associated with the risk of most cancers in humans. However, a meta-analysis of five epidemiologic studies found a suggestion of an increased risk of kidney cancer with higher dietary acrylamide intake.
Methods: We investigated this association in the prospective Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986–2014) and Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1980–2014) cohorts. Dietary acrylamide intake was calculated on the basis of 46 acrylamide-containing foods reported on food frequency questionnaires completed every 4 years. The associations with the incidence of total and fatal renal cell carcinoma (RCC; n = 292/84 HPFS, n = 337/87 NHS) during more than two decades of follow-up were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders.
Results: There was no association between cumulative average or baseline acrylamide intake and the risk of total or fatal RCC risk in men or women. Acrylamide intake was also not associated with RCC risk among never-smokers, nor was it associated with the risk of clear cell RCC.
Conclusions: Dietary acrylamide was not associated with risk of RCC in two long-term prospective cohorts with repeated measures of dietary intake.
Impact: This analysis of RCC adds to the body of evidence that dietary acrylamide is not an important cancer risk factor in humans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(8); 979–82. ©2018 AACR.
Epigenetic Targeting of Adipocytes Inhibits High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion
Authors: Tang Jessica , Pulliam Nicholas , Özeş Ali , Buechlein Aaron , Ding Ning , Keer Harold , Rusch Doug , O'Hagan Heather , Stack M. Sharon , Nephew Kenneth P. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) cells frequently metastasize to the omentum, and adipocytes play a significant role in ovarian tumor progression. Therapeutic interventions targeting aberrant DNA methylation in ovarian tumors have shown promise in the clinic, but the effects of epigenetic therapy on the tumor microenvironment are understudied. Here, we examined the effect of adipocytes on OC cell behavior in culture and impact of targeting DNA methylation in adipocytes on OC metastasis. The presence of adipocytes increased OC cell migration and invasion, and proximal and direct coculture of adipocytes increased OC proliferation alone or after treatment with carboplatin. Treatment of adipocytes with hypomethylating agent guadecitabine decreased migration and invasion of OC cells toward adipocytes. Subcellular protein fractionation of adipocytes treated with guadecitabine revealed decreased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) levels even in the presence of DNA synthesis inhibitor, aphidicolin. Methyl-Capture- and RNA-sequencing analysis of guadecitabine-treated adipocytes revealed derepression of tumor-suppressor genes and epithelial–mesenchymal transition inhibitors. SUSD2, a secreted tumor suppressor downregulated by promoter CpG island methylation in adipocytes, was upregulated after guadecitabine treatment, and recombinant SUSD2 decreased OC cell migration and invasion. Integrated analysis of the methylomic and transcriptomic data identified pathways associated with inhibition of matrix metalloproteases and fatty acid α-oxidation, suggesting a possible mechanism of how epigenetic therapy of adipocytes decreases metastasis. In conclusion, the effect of DNMT inhibitor on fully differentiated adipocytes suggests that hypomethylating agents may affect the tumor microenvironment to decrease cancer cell metastasis.
Implications: Epigenetic targeting of tumor microenvironment can affect metastatic behavior of ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1226–40. ©2018 AACR.
Gleanings of Curiosities from the Harvest-Fields of Arabic Literature: Chapter 87 of Kitāb al-Zahrah by Ibn Dāwūd al-Iṣbahānī (d. 297/910)
Authors: van Gelder Geert Jan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Muḥammad Ibn Dāwūd al-Iṣbahānī (d. 297/910) was a theologian who lived in Baghdad, where he succeeded his father as the leader of the juridico-theological school called al-Ẓāhiriyyah. He wrote several books but the only one that is preserved is a work of literature and poetry. His al-Zahrah (The Flower) consists of one hundred chapters, mostly containing poetry by many poets including himself, as well as some anecdotes and passages in prose. The first fifty chapters deal with various aspects of love and the second half with various genres and kinds of poetry. Chapter 87 is entitled Dhikr al-shiʿr alladhī yustaẓraf li-khurūjihi ʿan ḥadd mā yuʿraf, “On Poetry That Is Deemed Curious Because It Goes Beyond What Is Conventionally Known.” In a more or less unordered, partly associative sequence, this chapter offers many freaks of versification: lipograms; palindromes; lines that only use undotted, or dotted, or connected, or unconnected letters; pangrams; acrostics; unrhymed epigrams that seem to rely on non-verbal language; lines containing Persian or Greek words and expressions, etc. Many of the features of these poems are usually associated with a later stage of Arabic literature: they became more frequent especially after the appearance of the verbal artistry and artifices in the very popular Maqāmāt of al-Ḥarīrī (d. 516/1122). Ibn Dāwūd was therefore in a sense a pioneer. Many poems in the text pose problems. The chapter has never been investigated in detail; two passages were studied in articles by Michele Vallaro. The present article deals with the poems and anecdotes in the chapter, providing translations and commentary.
Court Jews, Printers, Book Publishing, and the Beginning of the Haskalah in the German Lands: The Life History of the Wulffian Printing Press as a Case-Study
Authors: Freudenthal Gad 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article presents the history of a printing press that operated at several places near Berlin during the first half of the eighteenth century, culminating in the epoch-making reprinting of Maimonides’ Guide of the Perplexed in 1742. The press was established in Dessau in 1694 by the court Jew Moses Wulff (1661–1729), and was run by several printers, notably the convert Israel b. Abraham (fl. 1715–1752). Using the trajectory of the Wulff press as a case study, I examine the relations between scholars, patrons of learning (especially court Jews), printers, and book publishing. The inquiry will highlight the considerable role that court Jews played in shaping the Jewish bookshelf, notably by choosing which books (reprints and original) would be funded. Surprisingly perhaps, although court Jews were in continuous contact with the environing culture, they did not usually favor the printing of non-traditional Jewish works that would favor a rapprochement.
Damages in Investor-State Arbitration: Current Issues and Challenges
Authors: Marboe Irmgard 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The assessment of damages in investor-state arbitration involves complex legal and economic considerations. Particular challenges arise from the interdisciplinary nature of this endeavor. The present issue discusses some of the pertinent specificities in investor-state disputes reflecting the tensions between sovereignty and self-determination of states and their legal obligations towards foreign investors. These tensions are primarily present in the context of expropriation, but also commitments undertaken by states in bilateral investment treaties and contracts as well as changing economic circumstances need to be taken into consideration. The lack of valuation principles that are uniformly accepted and implemented leads to uncertainty and unpredictability in practice. The present volume analyses some of the most controversial and unsettled issues, including the choice of the valuation date, appropriate valuation methods, moral damages, and the awarding of interest.
Outcome of serious violent offenders with psychotic illness and cognitive disorder dealt with by the New South Wales criminal justice system
Authors: Nielssen Olav , Yee Natalia YL , Dean Kimberlie , Large Matthew 
Published: May 2018

Background: The few studies of the recidivism by people with psychotic illness and cognitive disorder who are convicted of serious violent offences and sentenced by the courts. Method: Re-imprisonment data were obtained for 661 individuals convicted of serious non-lethal violent offences in the District Courts of New South Wales in the years 2006 and 2007. Rates of re-imprisonment of offenders known to psychotic illness or cognitive disorder (intellectual disability or acquired brain injury) was compared to those not known to have those conditions. A survival analysis was performed controlling for the effects of male sex, having a report by a mental health professional at the initial sentencing and receiving a custodial sentence for the initial offence. Results: There was no significant difference in the overall likelihood of further imprisonment between those with psychotic disorder (53.7%), those with cognitive disorder (50.7%) or among those with neither condition (45.2%; χ2 = 2.22, p = 0.33). A Kaplan–Meier analysis found that people with a psychotic disorder were returned to custody earlier than those not known to have psychosis ( p = 0.002). People with psychosis spent a non-significantly greater time in custody (mean 477 days) than those with a cognitive disorder (mean 334 days) or among those with neither condition (mean 348 days) (Mann–Whitney Z-score = 1.5, η2 = 0.003, p value = 0.13). For the entire sample of 661 offenders, those who received non-custodial sentences for their initial offences had a lower likelihood of spending any time in custody in the follow-up period. Conclusion: The likelihood of returning to custody of sentenced violent offenders with psychotic illness or cognitive disorder is higher than that of released forensic patients in New South Wales followed up for a similar period. The results suggest an opportunity to improve the outcome of offenders with psychosis by better treatment and rehabilitation.
What sources of bereavement support are perceived helpful by bereaved people and why? Empirical evidence for the compassionate communities approach
Authors: Aoun Samar M , Breen Lauren J , White Ishta , Rumbold Bruce , Kellehear Allan 
Published: May 2018

Aims: To determine who provides bereavement support in the community, what sources are perceived to be the most or least helpful and for what reason, and to identify the empirical elements for optimal support in developing any future compassionate communities approach in palliative care. Design: A population-based cross-sectional investigation of bereavement experiences. Sources of support (informal, community and professional) were categorised according to the Public Health Model of Bereavement Support; most helpful reasons were categorised using the Social Provisions Scale, and least helpful were analysed using inductive content analysis. Setting and participants: Bereaved people were recruited from databases of funeral providers in Australia via an anonymous postal survey (2013–2014). Results: In total, 678 bereaved people responded to the survey. The most frequently used sources of support were in the informal category such as family, friends and funeral providers. While the professional category sources were the least used, they had the highest proportions of perceived unhelpfulness whereas the lowest proportions of unhelpfulness were in the informal category. The functional types of helpful support were Attachment, Reliable Alliance, Social Integration and Guidance. The five themes for least helpful support were: Insensitivity, Absence of Anticipated Support, Poor Advice, Lack of Empathy and Systemic Hindrance. Conclusion: A public health approach, as exemplified by compassionate communities policies and practices, should be adopted to support the majority of bereaved people as much of this support is already provided in informal and other community settings by a range of people already involved in the everyday lives of those recently bereaved. This study has provided further support for the need to strengthen the compassionate communities approach, not only for end of life care for dying patients but also along the continuum of bereavement support.