bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syn‐sedimentary hydrothermal dolomites in a lacustrine rift basin: Petrographic and geochemical evidence from the lower Cretaceous Erlian Basin, Northern China
Authors: Yang Zhe , Zhong Dakang , Whitaker Fiona , Lu Zhao , Zhang Shuo , Tang Zicheng , Liu Runchao , Li Zhuang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDolomites occur extensively in the lower Cretaceous along syn‐sedimentary fault zones of the Baiyinchagan Sag, westernmost Erlian Basin, within a predominantly fluvial–lacustrine sedimentary sequence. Four types of dolomite are identified, associated with hydrothermal minerals such as natrolite, analcime and Fe‐bearing magnesite. The finely‐crystalline dolomites consist of anhedral to subhedral crystals (2 to 10 μm), evenly commixed with terrigenous sediments that occur either as matrix‐supporting grains (Fd1) or as massive argillaceous dolostone (Fd2). Medium‐crystalline (Md) dolomites are composed of subhedral to euhedral crystals aggregates (50 to 250 μm) and occur in syn‐sedimentary deformation laminae/bands. Coarse‐crystalline (Cd) dolomites consist of non‐planar crystals (mean size >1 mm), and occur as fracture infills cross‐cutting the other dolomite types. The Fd1, Md and Cd dolomites have similar values of δ18O (−20·5 to −11·0‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite) and δ13C (+1·4 to +4·5‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite), but Fd2 dolomites are isotopically distinct (δ18O −8·5 to −2·3‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite; δ13C +1·4 to +8·6‰ Vienna PeeDee Belemnite). Samples define three groups which differ in light rare‐earth elements versus high rare‐earth elements enrichment/depletion and significance of Tb, Yb and Dy anomalies. Medium‐crystalline dolomites have signatures that indicate formation from brines at very high temperature, with salinities of 11·8 to 23·2 eq. wt. % NaCl and Th values of 167 to 283°C. The calculated temperatures of Fd1 and Cd dolomites extend to slightly lower values (141 to 282°C), while Fd2 dolomites are distinctly cooler (81 to 124°C). These results suggest that the dolomites formed from hydrothermal fluid during and/or penecontemporaneous with sediment deposition. Faults and fractures bounding the basin were important conduits through which high‐temperature Mg‐rich fluids discharged, driven by an abnormally high heat flux associated with local volcanism. It is thought that differing amounts of cooling and degassing of these hydrothermal fluids, and of mixing with lake waters, facilitated the precipitation of dolomite and associated minerals, and resulted in the petrographic and geochemical differences between the dolomites.
Effect of dietary supplementation with ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide in maintaining remission in cats with nonflea hypersensitivity dermatitis: a double‐blind, multicentre, randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Noli Chiara , della Valle Maria Federica , Miolo Alda , Medori Cristina , Schievano Carlo ,   The Skinalia Clinical Research Group
Published: June 2019

BackgroundFeline nonflea hypersensitivity dermatitis (NFHD) is a frequent cause of over‐grooming, scratching and skin lesions. Multimodal therapy often is necessary.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA‐um) in maintaining methylprednisolone‐induced remission in NFHD cats.AnimalsFifty‐seven NFHD cats with nonseasonal pruritus were enrolled originally, of which 25 completed all study requirements to be eligible for analysis.Methods and materialsCats were randomly assigned to PEA‐um (15 mg/kg per os, once daily; n = 29) or placebo (n = 28) while receiving a 28 day tapering methylprednisolone course. Cats responding favourably to methylprednisolone were then administered only PEA‐um (n = 21) or placebo (n = 23) for another eight weeks, followed by a four week long treatment‐free period. Cats were maintained in the study until relapse or study end, whichever came first. Primary outcome was time to relapse. Secondary outcomes were pruritus Visual Analog Scale (pVAS), SCORing Feline Allergic Dermatitis scale (SCORFAD) and owner Global Assessment Score (GAS).ResultsMean relapse time was 40.5 days (±7.8 SE) in PEA‐um treated cats (n = 13) and 22.2 days (±3.7 SE) for placebo (n = 12; P = 0.04). On Day 28, the severity of pruritus was lower in the PEA‐um treated cats compared to placebo (P = 0.03). Mean worsening of pruritus at the final study day was lower in the PEA‐um group compared to placebo (P = 0.04), whereas SCORFAD was not different between groups. Mean owner GAS at the final study day was better in the PEA‐um than the placebo‐treated group (P = 0.05).Conclusion and clinical importanceUltramicronized palmitoylethanolamide could represent an effective and safe option to delay relapse in NFHD cats.
The Effects of Attentional Focus on Brain Function During a Gross Motor Task
Authors: Raisbeck Louisa D. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Grooms Dustin R. , Schmitz Randy 
Published: June 2019

Context: Although the beneficial effects of using an external focus of attention are well documented in attainment and performance of movement execution, neural mechanisms underlying external focus’ benefits are mostly unknown. Objective: To assess brain function during a lower-extremity gross motor movement while manipulating an internal and external focus of attention. Design: Cross-over study. Setting: Neuroimaging center Participants: A total of 10 healthy subjects (5 males and 5 females) Intervention: Participants completed external and internal focus of attention unilateral left 45° knee extension/flexion movements at a rate of 1.2 Hz laying supine in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner for 4 blocks of 30 seconds interspersed with 30-second rest blocks. During the internal condition, participants were instructed to “squeeze their quadriceps.” During the external condition, participants were instructed to “focus on a target” positioned above their tibia. Main Outcome Measures: T1 brain structural imaging was performed for registration of the functional data. For each condition, 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygenation level dependent data representing 90 whole-brain volumes were acquired. Results: During the external relative to internal condition, increased activation was detected in the right occipital pole, cuneal cortex, anterior portion of the lingual gyrus, and intracalcarine cortex (Zmax = 4.5–6.2, P < .001). During the internal relative to external condition, increased activation was detected in the left primary motor cortex, left supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum (Zmax = 3.4–3.5, P < .001). Conclusions: Current results suggest that an external focus directed toward a visual target produces more brain activity in regions associated with vision and ventral streaming pathways, whereas an internal focus manipulated through instruction increases activation in brain regions that are responsible for motor control. Results from this study serve as baseline information for future prevention and rehabilitation investigations of how manipulating focus of attention can constructively affect neuroplasticity during training and rehabilitation.
Change in seismic attenuation as a long-term precursor of gas-driven eruptions
Authors: Caudron Corentin , Girona Társilo , Taisne Benoît , Suparjan  , Gunawan Hendra , Kristianto  , Kasbani  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A large fraction of volcanic eruptions do not expel magma at the Earth’s surface. Although less known than magmatic eruptions, gas-driven eruptions expel fragments of preexisting rocks, volcanic gases, and steam, causing substantial casualties. The destructive potential of these eruptions lies in the difficulty in identifying clear warning signals. Some gas-driven eruptions have been preceded by some physicochemical changes, but these were extremely short-term (from minutes to hours), and no long-term trends have been clearly evidenced so far. Here, we show that unheralded gas-driven eruptions can be forecast in the long term using seismic signals recorded at nearby active craters. In particular, we have found that the most recent gas-driven eruptions at Kawah Ijen (Indonesia) and Ruapehu and Tongariro (New Zealand) volcanoes were all preceded by a systematic relative increase in lower-frequency (4.5–8 Hz) seismic amplitude compared to higher frequencies (8–16 Hz) over time scales of months to years. We show that this precursory activity reflects significant increases in seismic attenuation affecting preferentially high-frequency travelling waves; this probably results from the accumulation of volatiles in the shallow crust, which increases pore pressure in small-scale rock heterogeneities and eventually leads to gas-driven eruptions. Our results highlight the feasibility of better constraining the onset and the end of an unrest episode, which is of paramount importance for agencies in charge of volcano monitoring.
Effects of flow rate on transnasal pulmonary aerosol delivery of bronchodilators via high-flow nasal cannula for patients with COPD and asthma: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Jie , Luo Jian , Chen Yibing , Xie Lixing , Fink James B 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionBoth in vitro and in vivo radiolabelled studies on nebulisation via high-flow nasal cannula showed that inhaled dose decreases as the administered gas flow increases. In our previous in vitro study, we investigated the effects of the ratio of gas flow to subject’s peak inspiratory flow (GF:IF) on the aerosol deposition, which increased as the GF:IF decreased, with an optimal GF:IF between 0.1 and 0.5 producing a stable ‘lung’ deposition in both quiet and distressed breathing. Thus, we aim to validate our in vitro findings in subjects with reversible airflow limitations by assessing their response to inhaled bronchodilator.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre, randomised controlled trial. Subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma with positive response to 400μg albuterol via metered dose inhaler and valved holding chamber will be enrolled and consented. After a washout period (1–3 days), subjects will be randomly assigned to inhale albuterol with one of three gas flows: 50 L/min, GF:IF=1.0 and GF:IF=0.5. In each arm, subjects will inhale 2 mL saline, followed by escalating doubling doses (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg) of albuterol in a fill volume of 2 mL, delivered by a vibrating mesh nebuliser via heated nasal cannula set up at 37°C. An interval of 30 min between each dose of albuterol, with spirometry measured at baseline and after each inhalation. Titration will be terminated if forced expiratory volume in 1 s improvement is <5%, or adverse event is observed.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the Ethic Committee of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China (no. S2018-200-01). The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03739359; Pre-results.
Analysis on geographic variations in hospital deaths and endovascular therapy in ischaemic stroke patients: an observational cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Chen Hui , Shi Lizheng , Wang Ni , Han Yangtong , Lin Yilu , Dai Mingfeng , Liu Honglei , Dong Xiao , Xue Ming , Xu Hua 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesStroke is the leading cause of death and adult disability in China, following a rise in incidence over the last few decades. We aimed to explore the geographic variations in hospital mortality and endovascular therapy (EVT) use among ischaemic stroke (IS) patients in China, and investigate the associated potential risk factors.DesignObservational cross-sectional study of patients hospitalised for stroke.SettingHospital discharge data for 1267 tertiary hospitals between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2015 were derived from the Nationwide Hospital Discharge Database operated by the National Health Commission of China.Participants1 826 332 patients aged ≥18 years, hospitalised following stroke.Outcome measuresIn-hospital mortality and EVT use.ResultsThe nationwide hospital mortality rate of IS patients was 0.88% (95% CI 0.86% to 0.90%); there was a significantly greater risk of mortality in the Northeast (OR 2.37; 95% CI 2.23 to 2.52), West (1.65; 1.54 to 1.78), South (1.25; 1.17 to 1.33) and North (1.29; 1.20 to 1.39) than in the East. Tertiary B hospitals (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09), patients admitted from emergency departments and older patients were associated with higher hospital mortality. The national EVT use rate was 0.45% (95% CI 0.44% to 0.46%). Compared with in East China, EVT use was significantly lower in the Northeast (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.24) and West (0.64; 0.58 to 0.71), though not the North (1.23; 1.14 to 1.33). Tertiary A hospitals (OR 2.62; 95% CI 2.43 to 2.83), male patients and patients admitted from emergency departments were also associated with higher EVT use rates.ConclusionsThere were substantial disparities in mortality and EVT use for hospitalised patients with IS among China’s tertiary hospitals, linked with both geographic and hospital characteristics. More targeted intervention at regional and hospital levels is needed for providing effective health technologies and eventually improving post-stroke outcomes.
Exploring the association between urbanisation and self-rated health of older adults in China: evidence from a national population sample survey
Authors: Liu Ye , Huang Baishi , Wang Ruoyu , Feng Zhixin , Liu Yuqi , Li Zhigang 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThis study investigated the association between urbanisation and self-rated health of older adults in China, particularly how different dimensions, rate and level of urbanisation are related to older people’s health. Additionally, it examined the moderating effect of education on the association between each of the four dimensions of urbanisation and older people’s health.DesignThe study uses a cross-sectional survey design.ParticipantsThis study analysed 236 030 individuals (aged 60–79 years) nested within 267 prefecture-level cities from 2005 China’s 1% population sample survey.Outcome measuresSelf-rated health was the outcome variable. Four groups of predictors assessed prefectures’ level and rate of urbanisation: land-use conversion, economic growth, population concentration and health services. Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the association between self-rated health and the level and rate of urbanisation, after adjusting for individual-level covariates. Multiplicative interactions explored variations by education.ResultsThe odd of reporting fair or poor health was negatively associated with the level and rate of population concentration (OR 0.93,95%CI 0.87 to 0.99 and 0.74,95%CI 0.59 to 0.93, respectively) and positively associated with the level of health services (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.19). Land-use conversion, economic growth and health service improvements (the forms of rate of urbanisation) were not significantly associated with self-rated health. Education had a moderating effect on the association between urbanisation and self-rated health.ConclusionsOlder people living in more densely populated areas and areas undergoing rapid population concentration were less likely to report fair or poor health. This result supports healthy migration and ‘salmon bias’ hypotheses. No urban health penalty was observed for the older adults in China; therefore, the following pathways linking urbanisation to health are unclear: lifestyle changes, environmental pollution and cultivated land reduction.
The impact of general anesthesia, baseline ASPECTS, time to treatment, and IV tPA on intracranial hemorrhage after neurothrombectomy: pooled analysis of the SWIFT PRIME, SWIFT, and STAR trials
Authors: Raychev Radoslav , Saver Jeffrey L , Jahan Reza , Nogueira Raul G , Goyal Mayank , Pereira Vitor M , Gralla Jan , Levy Elad I , Yavagal Dileep R , Cognard Christophe , Liebeskind David S 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundDespite the proven benefit of neurothrombectomy, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) remains the most serious procedural complication. The aim of this analysis was to identify predictors of different hemorrhage subtypes and evaluate their individual impact on clinical outcome.MethodsPooled individual patient-level data from three large prospective multicenter studies were analyzed for the incidence of different ICH subtypes, including any ICH, hemorrhagic transformation (HT), parenchymal hematoma (PH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). All patients (n=389) treated with the Solitaire device were included in the analysis. A multivariate stepwise logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of each hemorrhage subtype.ResultsGeneral anesthesia and higher baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) were associated with a lower probability of any ICH (OR 0.36, p=0.003), (OR 0.80, p=0.032) and HT (OR 0.54, p=0.023), (OR 0.78, p=0.001), respectively. Longer time from onset to treatment was associated with a higher likelihood of HT (OR 1.08, p=0.001) and PH (OR 1.11, p=0.015). Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) was also a strong predictor of PH (OR 7.63, p=0.013). Functional independence at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2) was observed significantly less frequently in all hemorrhage subtypes except SAH. None of the patients who achieved functional independence at 90 days had sICH.ConclusionsGeneral anesthesia and smaller baseline ischemic core are associated with a lower probability of HT whereas IV-tPA and prolonged time to treatment increase the risk of PH after neurothrombectomy.Trial registration numbersSWIFT-NCT01054560; post results, SWIFT PRIME-NCT01657461; post results, STAR-NCT01327989; post results.
Effect of time from onset to endovascular therapy on outcomes: the National Acute Stroke Israeli (NASIS)-REVASC registry
Authors: Peretz Shlomi , Raphaeli Guy , Borenstein Natan , Leker Ronen R , Brauner Ran , Horev Anat , Cohen José E , Telman Gregory , Halevi Hen , Tanne David 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundEndovascular therapy (EVT) is currently the most effective treatment for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) stroke. Earlier treatment is associated with a better clinical outcome. Our aim was to examine the association between onset-to-EVT (OTE) time and clinical outcomes using real-world nationwide data from the National Acute Stroke ISraeli (NASIS)-REVASC registry.MethodsStroke patients undergoing EVT within the Endovascular Capable Centres (ECCs) in Israel between January 2014 and March 2016 were prospectively included. Several clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated. The association between OTE time and outcomes was analyzed with logistic regression models using time as a continuous variable and then by OTE groups of <2, 2–4, 4–6, and >6 hours.Results299 patients with acute stroke were included in the analysis. OTE time was significantly associated with favorable outcomes. ORs for each hour of delay in EVT were 0.84 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.99) for significant early recovery, 0.80 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.94) for discharge to home, 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.95) for freedom from disability at discharge, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.91) for excellent reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia 3). The <2 OTE group was significantly associated with better outcomes than the ≥2 OTE group including significant early recovery (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.1), discharge to home (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.3 to 8.5), and excellent reperfusion (OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 29.5). The same trend was observed for freedom from disability at discharge and 3 months (OR 2.08, 95% CI 0.7 to 5.7 and OR 2.57, 95% CI 0.8 to 8.3, respectively). Only 1% of transferred patients achieved an OTE time of <2 hours.ConclusionsNationwide real-life registry data indicate that benefit from EVT is strongly associated with OTE time and is most prominent within the ‘two golden hours’ from stroke onset. This time goal may not be applicable in inter-hospital transfer patients.
Intracranial bailout stenting with the Acclino (Flex) Stent/NeuroSpeed Balloon Catheter after failed thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: a multicenter experience
Authors: Stracke Christian Paul , Meyer Lukas , Fiehler Jens , Leischner Hannes , Bester Maxim , Buhk Jan Hendrik , Thomalla Goetz , Krause Lars Udo , Lowens Stephan , Rothaupt Jan , Chapot René , Hanning Uta 
Published: June 2019

Background and purposeTo report on the feasibility, safety, and outcome of acute intracranial stenting (ICS) with the Acclino (Flex) Stent and NeuroSpeed Balloon Catheter in cases of failed mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of patients treated with acute bailout stenting after failed MT in three large neurointerventional centers using exclusively the Acclino (Flex) Stent and the NeuroSpeed Balloon Catheter. Functional outcome was assessed by the rate of major early neurological recovery (mENR) at 24 hours and at 90 days with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Safety evaluation included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), mortality, and intervention-related serious adverse events (SAEs).Results50 patients with a median age of 71 years met the inclusion criteria and 52% (26/50) of the occluded vessels were located within the anterior circulation. mENR was observed in 38.8% and 90-day favorable outcome (mRS ≤2) was 40.6% (13/32). Higher NIH Stroke Scale scores on admission were significantly associated with poor functional outcome (mRS ≥3) at 90 days (adjusted OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.53; p=0.007). sICH occurred in two cases of the study population. There were no intervention-related SAEs.ConclusionIntracranial bailout stenting with the Acclino (Flex) Stent and the NeuroSpeed Balloon Catheter after failed MT is a feasible and effective recanalization method for atherosclerotic stenosis-based stroke that is associated especially with low rates of sICH.
An international multicenter retrospective study to survey the landscape of thrombectomy in the treatment of anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke: outcomes with respect to age
Authors: Martini Michael , Mocco J , Turk Aquilla , Siddiqui Adnan H , Fiorella David , Hanel Ricardo , Woodward Keith , Rai Ansaar , Frei Don , Delgado Almandoz Josser E , Kelly Michael E , Peeling Lissa , Arthur Adam S , Baxter Blaise , English Joey , Linfante Italo , De Leacy Reade 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThrombectomy is an efficacious treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, relatively few studies to date have specifically examined the impact and clinical implications of age on outcomes for thrombectomy in anterior AIS.ObjectiveTo provide a snapshot of patient metrics and outcomes with respect to age following thrombectomy for anterior AIS to supplement the current body of data for predictors of clinical outcomes in a real-world setting.MethodsData were collected for 20 consecutive patients with AIS treated with thrombectomy at 15 high-volume stroke centers across North America between 2015 and 2016. Patients with anterior occlusions were dichotomized based on whether they were older or younger than 80 years. Ordinal logistic regression analyzed how clinical variables impacted disability using 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores.ResultsAdequate revascularization (TICI ≥2B) was achieved in 92.3% of patients aged <80 years with an average 1.7±0.1 passes taken with the primary technique and in 88.0% of patients aged ≥80 years with an average 1.7±0.2 passes. Despite similar baseline characteristics, mRS scores were significantly higher in older patients postoperatively and at 90 days after intervention. Age was a significant predictor of 90-day mRS across the study population.ConclusionThis analysis affirms age is a significant determinant of 90-day mRS scores following thrombectomy for large vessel anterior AIS. Further investigation into risks faced by elderly patients during thrombectomy may provide actionable information to help refine patient selection and improve outcomes.