bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors associated with visual outcome of salvageable eyes with posttraumatic endophthalmitis
Authors: Lu Xuehui , Xia Honghe , Jin Chuang , Chen Weiqi , Siu-Chun Ng Danny , Yan Hua , Chen Haoyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic factors associated with visual outcomes in the salvageable eyes with posttraumatic endophthalmitis. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients diagnosed with posttraumatic endophthalmitis in our hospital between 2008 and 2015. The following information was collected: age, sex, etiology, past medical history, clinical manifestations, wound location, microbiology, blood leukocyte counts, types of interventions, initial visual acuities and final visual acuities. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the factors associated with final best-corrected visual acuity. In total, 98 eyes of 98 patients were included in our study. Fifty-seven eyes underwent vitrectomy, 27 of them had silicone oil tamponade, 38 eyes received intravitreal ceftazidime only and 3 eyes received intracameral ceftazidime. In univariate analysis, poor initial visual acuity, presence of intraocular foreign body, number of intravitreal injections, retinal detachment and Zone 3 injury were associated with poor visual outcome. In multivariable analysis, poor initial visual acuity, presence of intraocular foreign body and number of intravitreal injections were independently associated with poor visual outcome. The silicone oil group had fewer repeated intravitreal injections than the group without oil tamponade. We concluded that the visual outcome of salvageable eyes with posttraumatic endophthalmitis is associated with initial visual acuity, presence of intraocular foreign body and number of intravitreal antibiotic injections.
Consumption of benthic cyanobacterial mats on a Caribbean coral reef
Authors: Cissell Ethan C. , Manning Joshua C. , McCoy Sophie J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerbivory is an important process in the general structuring of coral reef benthic communities. However, evidence of its ability to control coral reef benthic cyanobacterial mats, which have recently proliferated on reefs worldwide, remains ambivalent. Here, we report that the French Angelfish (Pomacanthus paru), Striped Parrotfish (Scarus iseri), Rock Beauty (Holacanthus tricolor), Ocean Surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus), Blue Parrotfish (Scarus coeruleus), and Atlantic Blue Tang (Acanthurus coeruleus) consume benthic cyanobacterial mats on coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands. We documented the foraging patterns of P. paru and S. iseri, and found that benthic cyanobacterial mats comprised 36.7% ± 5.8% and 15.0% ± 1.53% (mean ± standard error) of the total bites taken by P. paru and S. iseri respectively. This magnitude of consumption suggests that grazing by reef fishes may represent a potentially important, but previously undocumented, top-down control on benthic cyanobacterial mats on Caribbean reefs.
Nucleoporin insufficiency disrupts a pluripotent regulatory circuit in a pro-arrhythmogenic stem cell line
Authors: Preston Claudia C. , Storm Emily C. , Burdine Ryan D. , Bradley Tyler A. , Uttecht Andrew D. , Faustino Randolph S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNucleoporins have been reported to regulate pluripotent biology, but how they do so remains partially characterized. This study examined the effects of nup155 gene disruption on mouse embryonic stem cells to gain insights into possible mechanisms by which nucleoporins regulate pluripotency in a pro-arrhythmogenic stem cell line. Embryonic stem cells with gene-trapped nup155 exhibited aberrant colony morphology underscored by abnormal transcriptome remodeling. Bioinformatic analysis of whole transcriptome data from nup155+/− embryonic stem cells revealed changes in a variety of non-coding RNA elements, with significant under expression of miR291a, miR291b, miR293, and miR294. These miRNAs are members of the larger regulatory miR290–295 cluster that regulates pluripotency and are controlled by the canonical stem cell-related factors SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG. Expression analysis of these factors revealed downregulation in all three, supported by biochemical profiling and image analysis. These data implicate disruption of the miR-SOX2/OCT4/NANOG regulatory circuit occurs downstream of nup155 gene lesion.
BMI and specimen weight: impact on personalized risk profiling for optimized informed consent in breast reduction surgery?
Authors: Winter Raimund , Reischies Frederike M. J. , Tuca Alexandru , Wurzer Paul , Schubert Christian , Wolfsberger Christina H. , Rienmueller Theresa , Friedl Herwig , Sljivich Michaela , Lumenta David B. , Kamolz Lars-P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the interaction between individual risk factors and institutional complication rates after reduction mammaplasties to develop a chart for a personalized written patient informed consent. We retrospectively reviewed charts of 804 patients who underwent bilateral breast reduction between 2005 and 2015. The Clavien-Dindo classification was used to classify postoperative complications. Relevant predictors were found by applying a stepwise variable selection procedure. Multilevel predictors were assessed through chi-square tests on the respective deviance reductions. 486 patients were included. The most common complications were wound healing problems (n = 270/56%), foreign body reactions (n = 58/12%), wound infections (n = 45/9, 3%) and fat tissue necrosis (n = 41/8%). The risk factors for the personalized patient chart for the most common complications influencing the preoperative informed consent were: smoking, operative technique, resection weight for wound healing problems; body mass index and allergies for wound infections; and patients’ age, resection weight for fat tissue necrosis. The resultant chart of institutionally encountered most common complications based on individual risk factors is a graphical template for obtaining patient informed consent in the future. Whether this approach influences patient information retainment, incidence of filed lawsuits or behavioral change needs to be prospectively tested in future studies.
A Rapid Response Electrochemical Biosensor for Detecting Thc In Saliva
Authors: Stevenson Hunter , Bacon Amanda , Joseph Kathleen Mary , Gwandaru Wilma Ruth Wanjiku , Bhide Ashlesha , Sankhala Devangsingh , Dhamu Vikram Narayanan , Prasad Shalini 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMarijuana is listed as a Schedule I substance under the American Controlled Substances Act of 1970. As more U.S. states and countries beyond the U.S. seek legalization, demands grow for identifying individuals driving under the influence (DUI) of marijuana. Currently no roadside DUI test exists for determining marijuana impairment, thus the merit lies in detecting the primary and the most sought psychoactive compound tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in marijuana. Salivary THC levels are correlated to blood THC levels making it a non-invasive medium for rapid THC testing. Affinity biosensing is leveraged for THC biomarker detection through the chemical reaction between target THC and THC specific antibody to a measure signal output related to the concentration of the targeted biomarker. Here, we propose a novel, rapid, electrochemical biosensor for the detection of THC in saliva as a marijuana roadside DUI test with a lower detection limit of 100 pg/ml and a dynamic range of 100 pg/ml – 100 ng/ml in human saliva. The developed biosensor is the first of its kind to utilize affinity-based detection through impedimetric measurements with a rapid detection time of less than a minute. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the successful immobilization of the THC immobilization assay on the biosensing platform. Zeta potential studies provided information regarding the stability and the electrochemical behavior of THC immunoassay in varying salivary pH buffers. We have demonstrated stable, dose dependent biosensing in varying salivary pH’s. A binary classification system demonstrating a high general performance (AUC = 0.95) was employed to predict the presence of THC in human saliva. The biosensor on integration with low-power electronics and a portable saliva swab serves as a roadside DUI hand-held platform for rapid identification of THC in saliva samples obtained from human subjects.
Enhanced Electrocatalytic Stability of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Sulfur-Doped Carbon using in-situ Solution Plasma
Authors: Li Oi Lun , Shi Zhicong , Lee Hoonseung , Ishizaki Takahiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe metal-air battery is a form of renewable energy generation technology that produces energy electrochemically and can address energy concerns in the near future. However, state-of-the-art Pt electrocatalysts often suffer from agglomeration or detachment from carbon supports under prolonged operation, eventually limiting the long-term utilization of metal-air batteries. In this work, Pt nanoparticles were deposited on sulfur-doped nanocarbon to increase its stability. We first synthesized sulfur-doped (S-doped) and pristine carbon as support materials via a plasma process, and thereafter loaded platinum (Pt) nanoparticles onto the S-doped and pristine carbon matrix. From a sintering test at 600 °C, the Pt nanoparticles supported on pristine carbon increased from 2.4 to 5.2 nm; meanwhile, the average size of Pt NPs supported on S-doped carbon only increased from 2.2 to 2.51 nm. From the electrochemical analyses, the mass activity of Pt on pristine and S-doped carbon supports decreased by 25% and 10%, respectively, after 1500 cycles. The results proposed that the sulfide C–S–C bond provided a strong platinum-S-doped carbon support interaction between the support materials and the loaded Pt nanoparticles. Thus, S-doped carbon supports can serve as a stabilizer of Pt nanoparticles to enhance their durability in the application of metal-air batteries and other electrochemical devices.
Associations between Coffee Products and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case-Control study in Hong Kong Chinese Women
Authors: Lee Priscilla Ming Yi , Chan Wing Cheong , Kwok Carol Chi-hei , Wu Cherry , Law Sze-hong , Tsang Koon-ho , Yu Wai-cho , Yeung Yiu-cheong , Chang Lydia Dai Jia , Wong Carmen Ka Man , Wang Feng , Tse Lap Ah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCoffee contains caffeine and diterpenes that were associated with decreased breast cancer risk, but results remained inconsistent. The study purpose was to investigate the associations between coffee products and breast cancer risk among Hong Kong Chinese women. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in three public hospitals. 2169 Chinese women aged 24–84 years old were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire with questions asking types, cups and duration on coffee drinking. We used unconditional multivariate logistic regression to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for breast cancer risk with different coffee products. 238 (20.6%) cases and 179 (17.7%) controls are habitual coffee drinkers. No association was found between overall coffee drinking and breast cancer risk. Compared to the non-habitual coffee drinkers, women who consumed instant coffee (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.10–2.03) were significantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Women who drank brewed coffee (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.28–0.82) were negatively associated with breast cancer risk. A positive association between instant coffee and breast cancer risk was observed, contradicted to the outcomes of drinking brewed coffee. Larger studies are warranted to ascertain the role of different types of coffee products in breast cancer risk.
The regulation of Moco biosynthesis and molybdoenzyme gene expression by molybdenum and iron in bacteria
Authors: Zupok Arkadiusz , Iobbi-Nivol Chantal , Méjean Vincent , Leimkühler Silke 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Bacterial molybdoenzymes are key enzymes involved in the global sulphur, nitrogen and carbon cycles. These enzymes require the insertion of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) into their active sites and are able to catalyse a large range of redox-reactions. Escherichia coli harbours nineteen different molybdoenzymes that require a tight regulation of their synthesis according to substrate availability, oxygen availability and the cellular concentration of molybdenum and iron. The synthesis and assembly of active molybdoenzymes are regulated at the level of transcription of the structural genes and of translation in addition to the genes involved in Moco biosynthesis. The action of global transcriptional regulators like FNR, NarXL/QP, Fur and ArcA and their roles on the expression of these genes is described in detail. In this review we focus on what is known about the molybdenum- and iron-dependent regulation of molybdoenzyme and Moco biosynthesis genes in the model organism E. coli. The gene regulation in E. coli is compared to two other well studied model organisms Rhodobacter capsulatus and Shewanella oneidensis.
Dual Tasking Influences Cough Sensorimotor Outcomes in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Perry Sarah E. , Troche Michelle S. 
Published: September 2019

PurposeReflex cough is an essential airway protective mechanism that often occurs in the context of divided attention. The effect of divided attention on measures of reflexive cough airflow and sensitivity remains unknown. We present findings from a study testing the effects of divided attention (via a dual-task paradigm) on measures of reflex cough in healthy young adults.MethodVolunteers (N= 20, age = 20–40 years) underwent 4 blocks of capsaicin-induced cough challenges. Within each block, capsaicin ranging from 0 to 200 μM was presented in a randomized order. Two blocks consisted of cough testing only (single task). During the other 2 blocks, participants counted tones while simultaneously undergoing cough testing (dual task). Measures of cough motor response, self-reported urge-to-cough, cough frequency, and cough airflow were collected.ResultsParticipants coughed more in the single-task condition compared to the dual-task condition (p≤ .001). Participants' urge-to-cough ratings were lower in the dual-task condition (x̅= 2, “slight”) compared to the single-task condition (x̅= 3, “moderate”;p= .007). Participants' cough reflex sensitivity thresholds were significantly increased in the dual-task condition (p= .002). Cough peak expiratory flow rates did not change between the 2 conditions (p= .34).ConclusionsSomatosensation of tussive stimuli changes during dual tasking. Abnormal cortical resource allocation may be a mechanism involved in silent aspiration.
Novel broadband design of SIW directional coupler
Authors: Wang Jia , Ling Tianqing 
Published: September 2019

To enable broadband characteristic, a novel type of directional coupler based on slot coupling theories is proposed. Besides, this directional coupler is designed on the basis of substrate integrated waveguide. Strong coupling directional couplers are proposed and simulated with different coupling degrees −3, −5, and −7 dB. From the simulated results, it illustrates that these couplers show low return loss under −20 dB and high isolation above 20 dB in the frequency of X band. The results also show good performances with ∼30.8% FBW for −3 dB (±0.3 dB) coupling degree, 29.9% FBW for −5 dB (±0.5 dB) coupling degree, and 36.8% FBW for −7 dB (±0.7 dB) coupling degree. It is easy to integrate in microwave and millimetre‐wave integrated system because of the characteristics of planar form and compact size of SIW directional couplers.
In‐situ microcalorimetry study on thermodynamic functions of Cu2 O nanocubes
Authors: He Zijun , Tang Huanfeng , Huang Zaiyin 
Published: September 2019

Four different sizes of cuprous oxides (Cu2 O) nanocubes in the range of 40–120 nm were synthesised by liquid phase reduction method. The morphology, size, and structure of synthesised Cu2 O nanocubes were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In‐situ microcalorimetry was used to calculate the conventional and surface thermodynamic functions of Cu2 O nanocubes by combining thermodynamic principles and transition state theory. The effect of particle size on conventional thermodynamic functions and surface thermodynamic functions were investigated and analysed, whose results were supported by the established thermodynamic models. Results showed that both the standard molar enthalpy of formation and the standard molar entropy of formation were increased with decreasing particle size, while the standard molar Gibbs energy of formation decreased. Also, the molar surface Gibbs energy, molar surface enthalpy, and molar surface entropy grew with the reduction of particle size, which correlated well with the models. Such a property is of scientific significance for enriching and developing disciplines such as surface physics and surface thermodynamics.
The last pieces of the primitive inner belt puzzle: Klio, Chaldaea, Chimaera, and Svea
Authors: Morate David , de León Julia , De Prá Mário , Licandro Javier , Pinilla-Alonso Noemí , Campins Humberto , Arredondo Anicia , Carvano Jorge Marcio , Lazzaro Daniela , Cabrera-Lavers Antonio 
Published: September 2019

Aims.Several primitive families in the inner region of the main asteroid belt were identified as potential sources for two near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), (101955) Bennu and (162173) Ryugu, targets of the sample-return missions OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa2, respectively. Four of the families, located at high proper inclinations (i> 10°), have not yet been compositionally studied: Klio, Chaldaea, Chimaera, and Svea. We want to characterize and analyze these families within the context of our PRIMitive Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey (PRIMASS), in order to complete the puzzle of the origins of the two NEAs.Methods.We obtained visible spectra (0.5–0.9μm) of a total of 73 asteroids within the Klio, Chaldaea, Chimaera, and Svea collisional families, using the instrument OSIRIS at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias. We performed a taxonomical classification of these objects, and an analysis of the possible presence of absorption bands related to aqueous alterations, comparing the results with already studied primitive families in the inner main belt.Results.We present here reflectance spectra for 30 asteroids in the Klio family, 15 in Chaldaea, 20 in Chimaera, and 8 in Svea. We show that Klio, Chaldaea, and Chimaera members have moderately red spectral slopes, with aqueous alteration absorption bands centered around 0.7μm, characteristic of the group of primitive families known as Erigone-like. In contrast, Svea shows no 0.7μm features, and neutral and blue spectral slopes, and thus is a Polana-like family. While all four families might be related to (162173) Ryugu, the only family studied in this work that might be related to (101955) Bennu is Svea.
Fast-modulation imaging with the self-coherent camera
Authors: Martinez P. 
Published: September 2019

Context. Direct detection of exoplanets requires imaging in a highly dynamic range and exquisite image quality and stability. Wavefront error (atmospheric errors, manufacturing errors on optics, cophasing residuals, temperature variations, etc.) will limit the efficiency of this endeavor by creating various flavors of speckles that evolve with different timescales. Active wavefront-error correction using a deformable mirror requires measuring the wavefront aberrations in the science image with high accuracy and in a shorter time than the duration of the dominant speckle lifetime.
Aims. The self-coherent camera (SCC) is a focal plane wavefront sensor exploiting the coherence of light to generate Fizeau fringes in the image plane to spatially encode speckles. The SCC combines a coronagraph and a modified Lyot stop to which a reference channel is added. The conventional SCC is restricted to long-exposure measurements because the light transmitted through the reference channel is limited. The SCC can correct quasi-static aberrations but precludes short-lived atmospheric aberrations from the measurement.
Methods. I propose an alternative to the conventional SCC that I call the fast-modulated SCC. It uses a simplified Lyot stop design and an adequate Fourier filtering algorithm. The theory is established and confirmed by means of numerical simulations.
Results. The SCC theory dictates that the separation between the classical Lyot stop and the reference channel must be larger than 1.5 times the Lyot stop diameter. The fast-modulated SCC allows for the reference channel to be placed anywhere, in particular in the vicinity of the pupil where the maximum of diffracted light is found. This alternative represents a complete game changer for the sensor: full compatibility with any type of coronagraph, easy installation in existing instruments, and versatility by accessing short- and long-time exposure measurements.
Conclusions. While the conventional SCC can almost not be implemented in existing instruments because the optical beam footprint in the instrument must be wide enough to illuminate the reference channel, which is often seen as a significant shortcoming, the fast-modulated SCC does not require any constraint on this. The fast-modulated SCC also relaxes the high sampling requirement to resolve the fringes, which is usually incompatible with the observation of fainter targets because the fringes are larger. The fast-modulated SCC simultaneously counteracts the two original shortcomings of the SCC concept.
Gestational Weight Gain Particularly Affects the Risk of Large for Gestational Age Infants in Non-obese Mothers
Authors: Weschenfelder Friederike , Lehmann Thomas , Schleussner Ekkehard , Groten Tanja 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction The birth of a large for gestational age (LGA) infant is a significant risk factor for birth complications and maternal morbidity and an even higher risk factor for offspring obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in later life. Relevant factors affecting the risk of delivering an LGA infant are maternal pre-gravid obesity, excessive gestational weight gain exceeding the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and diabetes in pregnancy. We aimed to determine what matters most in terms of the risk of fetal overgrowth.
Materials and Methods We performed a database analysis of 12 701 singleton term deliveries documented in our university hospital birth registry from 2003 to 2014. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the adjusted odds ratios.
Results Excessive weight gain had the strongest impact on LGA (OR: 1.249 [95% CI: 1.018 – 1.533]) compared to maternal pre-gravid body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.083 [95% CI: 1.066 – 1.099]) and diabetes (OR: 1.315 [95% CI: 0.997 – 1.734]). Keeping gestational weight gain within the recommendations of the IOM resulted in a risk reduction for LGA of 20% (OR: 0.801 [95% CI: 0.652 – 0.982]). The risk for LGA increases by 6.9% with each kg weight gain. Normal weight women (BMI 18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2) and moderately overweight women (BMI 25 – 29.9 kg/m2) showed the highest increase in LGA rates per kg weight gain during pregnancy (OR: 1.078 [95% CI: 1.052 – 1.104] and OR: 1.058 [95% CI: 1.026 – 1.09], resp.). Only in underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2) and normal weight women the risk of LGA birth is strongly influenced by diabetes (OR 11.818 [95% CI: 1.156–120.782] and 1.564 [95% CI: 1.013–2.415]).
Conclusion Excessive weight gain is particularly important for non-obese women. These women are therefore a target cohort for intervention, as each prevented additional kilogram weight gain reduces the risk of LGA by more than 5%.