bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
rpoB, a promising marker for analyzing the diversity of bacterial communities by amplicon sequencing
Authors: OGIER Jean-Claude , Pagès Sylvie , Galan Maxime , Barret Matthieu , Gaudriault Sophie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Microbiome composition is frequently studied by the amplification and high-throughput sequencing of specific molecular markers (metabarcoding). Various hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene are classically used to estimate bacterial diversity, but other universal bacterial markers with a finer taxonomic resolution could be employed. We compared specificity and sensitivity between a portion of the rpoB gene and the V3V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene.

Results
We first designed universal primers for rpoB suitable for use with Illumina sequencing-based technology and constructed a reference rpoB database of 45,000 sequences. The rpoB and V3V4 markers were amplified and sequenced from (i) a mock community of 19 bacterial strains from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive lineages; (ii) bacterial assemblages associated with entomopathogenic nematodes. In metabarcoding analyses of mock communities with two analytical pipelines (FROGS and DADA2), the estimated diversity captured with the rpoB marker resembled the expected composition of these mock communities more closely than that captured with V3V4. The rpoB marker had a higher level of taxonomic affiliation, a higher sensitivity (detection of all the species present in the mock communities), and a higher specificity (low rates of spurious OTU detection) than V3V4. We applied both primers to infective juveniles of the nematode Steinernema glaseri. Both markers showed the bacterial community associated with this nematode to be of low diversity (< 50 OTUs), but only rpoB reliably detected the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus poinarii.

Conclusions
Our results confirm that different microbiota composition data may be obtained with different markers. We found that rpoB was a highly appropriate marker for assessing the taxonomic structure of mock communities and the nematode microbiota. Further studies on other ecosystems should be considered to evaluate the universal usefulness of the rpoB marker. Our data highlight two crucial elements that should be taken into account to ensure more reliable and accurate descriptions of microbial diversity in high-throughput amplicon sequencing analyses: i) the need to include mock communities as controls; ii) the advantages of using a multigenic approach including at least one housekeeping gene (rpoB is a good candidate) and one variable region of the 16S rRNA gene.
The Role of Field‐Scale Management on Soil and Surface Runoff C/N/P Stoichiometry
Authors: Smith Douglas R. , Jarvie Helen P. , Harmel R. Daren , Haney Rick L. 
Published: July 2019

Agricultural runoff is an important contributor to water quality impairment. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of field‐scale management on carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in soils and runoff from agricultural fields. Cultivated and pasture fields at the Riesel watersheds in central Texas were used for this analysis, and nutrients were transformed to evaluate relative to the Redfield ratio (106 C/16 N/1 P). Using the Redfield ratio, all soil samples were P depleted relative to C and N. The majority of stormflow and baseflow runoff samples contained 9 to 19% Redfield N relative to C and P. Shifting from inorganic fertilizer application to poultry litter as a fertilizer source resulted in increased absolute C, N, and P concentrations in stormflow and baseflow runoff. Increasing rates of poultry litter application increased the Redfield P relative to Redfield C, whereas Redfield N remained relatively constant at roughly 9 to 11% in stormflow runoff from cultivated fields. This study shows how land use and management can affect C/N/P stoichiometry in stormflow and baseflow runoff.Core Ideas
The C/N/P stoichiometry in soil and runoff samples from fields was compared.
Soil samples were P depleted relative to N and C.
Runoff samples were N depleted relative to P and C.
Runoff from pastures had lower C and P concentrations than cultivated fields.
High poultry litter rate increased runoff Redfield P while decreasing Redfield C.
Near‐Surface Soils as a Source of Phosphorus in Snowmelt Runoff from Cropland
Authors: Wilson Henry , Elliott Jane , Macrae Merrin , Glenn Aaron 
Published: July 2019

In northern regions, a high proportion of annual runoff and phosphorus (P) export from cropland occurs with snowmelt. In this study, we analyze 57 site‐years of field‐scale snowmelt runoff data from 16 small watersheds draining fine‐textured soils (clay or clay loam) in Manitoba, Canada. These fields were selected across gradients of soil P (2.4 to 26.7 mg kg−1, 0‐ to 15‐cm Olsen P), tillage intensity (high frequency to long‐term no‐till), and fertilizer input. The strongest predictor of flow‐weighted mean concentrations of total dissolved P (TDP) in snowmelt runoff was Olsen P in the top 5 cm of soil (r2= 0.45,p< 0.01). Residual variation in this relationship related positively to volumetric soil moisture and negatively to water yield. Although Olsen P levels were relatively consistent from year to year, suggesting control by long‐term fertilization and tillage history, Olsen P stratification (ratio of 0–5/0–15 cm) increased with rates of fertilizer application. Particulate P (PP) comprised <34% of total P on average, and concentrations were not well predicted by soil or management characteristics. Loads of PP and TDP exported during snowmelt were primarily a function of water yield and size of accumulated snowpack; however, residual variation in the TDP relationship correlated positively with both soil moisture and Olsen P. Retention of runoff water on the landscape could reduce loads, but careful management of near‐surface soil P is required to prevent snowmelt runoff losses of P at the source and to reduce the potential for the eutrophication of downstream aquatic ecosystems.Core IdeasSnowmelt dissolved P concentrations increase linearly with surface Olsen P (0–5 cm).Concentrations of snowmelt dissolved P also increase with soil moisture.Total P export with snowmelt is primarily controlled by volume of snowmelt.Olsen P at 0 to 5 cm increases with rate of seed placed fertilizer P application.Surface soil P (0–5 cm) should be measured routinely to prevent excess accumulation.
Physically Based Model for Extracting Dual‐Permeability Parameters Using Non‐Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Basset Christelle N. , Abou Najm Majdi R. , Ammar Ashtarout , Stewart Ryan D. , Hauswirth Scott C. , Saad Georges 
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas
We present a cost‐effective and simple method for dual‐permeability model parameterization.
Physical characterization is done with only experimental results of saturated flow experiments.
Model inputs require only saturated flow results with water and a non‐Newtonian fluid.
Dual‐permeability models simulate flow and transport within soils characterized by preferential (macro) and matrix (micro) pore domains, with each exhibiting distinct hydraulic properties. The lack of suitable methods for determining appropriate and physically based model parameters remains a major challenge to applying these models. Here, we present a method that characterizes dual‐permeability model parameters using experimental results of saturated flows from water and a non‐Newtonian fluid. We present two submodels that solve for the effective pore sizes of micropores and macropores, with macropores represented either with cylindrical (for biological pores) or planar (for shrinkage cracks and fissures) pore geometries. The model also determines the percentage contribution (wi) of the representative macro‐ and micropores to water flow. We applied the model to experimental soil samples complemented with capillary tubes simulating the macropores and showed its ability to derive the bimodal pore size distributions in dual‐domain soils using only two fluids. As such, we present this method of characterization of dual structures for improved modeling of nonuniform preferential flow and transport in macroporous soils.
Metals and Metalloid Removal by Colloidal Humic Acid–Goethite: Column Experiments and Geochemical Modeling
Authors: Montalvo Daniela , Smolders Erik 
Published: July 2019

Core Ideas
Humic‐acid‐coated goethite effectively removes cationic metals and As(V) from water.
Among five elements, sorption of As(V), Cu, and Zn is favored with higher selectivity.
In cation–oxyanion binary systems, As(V) enhanced Zn sorption (synergism).
Metals less strongly sorbed are desorbed in mixed contamination due to competition for sorption sites.
Multi‐surface complexation model in PHREEQC described As(V), Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn BTCs.
Reactive barriers are proposed to scavenge groundwater contaminants such as metals and arsenate. Their remediation capacity is commonly investigated with sorption data disregarding the complexity of the interactions among elements when faced with mixed contamination. This study was set up to measure interactions during reactive transport of the anionic arsenate As(V) and cationic metals and test if that transport can be modeled with geochemical codes. Sand coated with colloidal humic acid–goethite was the adsorbent in line with field work where these colloidal particles have been injected in situ. Equilibrium batch adsorption experiments showed binding preferences in the order: As(V) ∼ Cu >> Zn > Cd > Ni. Column experiments with single and binary mixtures showed an important synergistic effect of As(V) on Zn sorption but the reverse interaction was not found; this interaction is not included in the PHREEQC geochemical code. The breakthrough curves (BTCs) of mixtures of As(V), Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn showed that Cd and Ni concentrations in the effluent exceeded those of the influent, an overshooting effect attributed to competition among divalent cations. Simulations with the PHREEQC geochemical code using a surface complexation model for sorption reactions on goethite and humic acids coupled to the transport module successfully predicted the most essential trends of the BTCs, illustrating the potential of these codes to estimate the longevity of the reactive barriers used to remediate mixtures of contaminants. The novel aspect of this work is that a correct reactive transport model in PHREEQC was obtained by only adjusting the number of reactive surface sites of the adsorbent from fitting batch sorption distribution coefficient (Kd) values.
Precipitates of α-cristobalite and silicate glass in UHP clinopyroxene from a Bohemian Massif eclogite
Authors: Hill Tina R. , Konishi Hiromi , Hobbs Franklin , Lee Seungyeol , Xu Huifang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLow-pressure metastable nanoscale crystals of α-cristobalite have been observed epitaxially ex-solved in cores of UHP clinopyroxene from the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. SAED patterns and HRTEM images detail the close structural relationship between host clinopyroxene and α-cristobalite precipitate: [001]Di||[010]α, (010)Di ~||(101)α. TEM results indicate that α-cristobalite exsolved from host clinopyroxene. Non-crystalline Al-bearing silicate phases, also exsolved from UHP clinopyroxene, possesses Al/Si ratios close to eutectic compositions in the system NaAlSi3O8-SiO2-H2O system. The presence of glass exsolution suggests a high-temperature formation environment and presence of water. The α-cristobalite formed in a localized low-pressure, micro-environment formed through exsolution of vacancies and excess silica from the host pyroxene lattice. This micro-environment may be a result of negative density changes due to excess lower density silica exsolving from higher density pyroxene during an exsolution process that involved no localized volume change. Interface-controlled exsolution via lattice matching at the diopside/cristobalite interface, and stability changes and melting point depression due to nanoscale size effects contributed to the formation and persistence of this metastable phase. Amphibole in association with α-cristobalite and some non-crystalline silicate phases may be a clue to localized water quantities; silica exsolution with amphibole may have formed below the eutectic temperature and at a later stage than non-crystalline silicate phases without amphibole. Silica rods in Nové Dvory clinopyroxenes were previously thought to be quartz; however, our investigation reveals various low-pressure, high-temperature, and/or metastable phases greatly affected by the presence of vacancy and OH in clinopyroxenes. The results will help us better understand OH in the UHP pyroxene and even water release in the mantle.
High-pressure Raman and Nd3+ luminescence spectroscopy of bastnäsite-(REE)CO3F
Authors: Vennari Cara E. , Williams Quentin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBastnäsite-(Ce), a rare earth element (REE) bearing carbonate (Ce,La,Y,Nd,Pr)CO3F, is one of the most common REE-bearing minerals and has importance from both economic and geologic perspectives due to its large REE concentration. It also provides an example of the structural interplay between carbonate groups and fluorine ions, as well as the complex bonding properties of rare earth elements. We report Raman vibrational and Nd3+ luminescence (4F3/2→4I9/2, 4F3/2→4I11/2, and 4F5/2+2H9/2→4I9/2) spectra of natural bastnäsite-(Ce) to 50 GPa at 300 K. Two phase transitions are observed under compression. Bastnäsite-I remains the stable phase up to 25 GPa, where it undergoes a subtle phase transition to bastnäsite-II. This is likely produced by a change in symmetry of the carbonate ion. Bastnäsite-II transforms to bastnäsite-III at ~38 GPa, as demonstrated by changes in the luminescence spectra. This second transition is particularly evident within the 4F3/2→4I9/2 luminescent transitions, and it appears that a new rare earth element site is generated at this phase change. This transition is also accompanied by modest changes in both the Raman spectra and two sets of luminescent transitions. Despite these transformations, the carbonate unit remains a stable, threefold-coordinated unit throughout this pressure range, with a possible increase in its distortion. Correspondingly, the rare-earth element site(s) appears to persist in quasi-ninefold coordination as well, implying that the general bonding configuration in bastnäsite is at least metastable over a ~30% compression range. All pressure-induced transitions are reversible, with some hysteresis, reverting to its ambient pressure phase on decompression.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activities of 4-Phenylpiperidin- 2-one Derivatives
Authors: Wang Shi-Ben , Liu Hui , Li Guang-Yong , Lei Kang , Li Xiao-Jing , Quan Zhe-Shan , Wang Xue-Kun 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Although Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) acting on various targets have been
applied in the clinic, the efficacy and tolerance of AEDs in the treatment of epilepsy have not
significantly improved. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop some novel chemical moieties
with a better safety profile and greater efficacy. We designed and synthesized twenty-seven 4-
phenylpiperidin-2-one derivatives. This study aimed to investigate the potential use of a series of 4-
phenylpiperidin-2-one derivatives as anticonvulsant drugs.

Methods:
Two experimental methods, Maximal Electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous
pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), were used to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the target
compounds. Moreover, neurotoxicity (NT) was tested using the rotarod test.

Results:
Compound 7-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-b]pyridin-5-(4H)-one (11;
MES, ED50 = 23.7 mg/kg, PI > 33.7; PTZ, ED50 = 78.1 mg/kg, PI > 10.0) showed the best
anticonvulsant activity. The results of in vivo γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) estimation showed that
compound 11 may have an effect on the GABA system. Compound 11 showed significant
interactions with residues at the benzodiazepine (BZD)-binding site on GABAA receptors. Most
target compounds have favorable blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and oral bioavailability in
predictions using silico molecular properties.

Conclusion:
According to the in vivo and in silico studies, compound 11 stand out as potential
anticonvulsant agents for further studies.
Benzofuran: A Key Heterocycle - Ring Closure And Beyond
Authors: Lavanya Andiappan , Narasimhan Kilambi , Padmini Vediappen 
Published: July 2019

:
The benzofuranyl motif present in compounds exhibits various medicinal properties and
non-drug applications. These derivatives are naturally occurring compounds or synthetic materials,
which cover a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-
depressant, anti-HIV, anti-microbial, anti-proliferative, anti-convulsant, cytotoxic, analgesic, etc.
Few of the commercially interesting compounds from this class are, ailanthoidol (anti-inflammatory),
amiodarone, dronedarone, celivarone (anti-arrhythmic), bufuralol (muscular airways relaxant), morphine,
5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran; 5-APB, 6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran; 6-APB (CNS), rifampicin
(antibiotic), etc., whereas, some of the non-drug applications are in perfumery industry (bergapten)
and as tannin activators in sunscreen preparations (psoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, and angelicin).
Considering these interesting biological activities and commercial utilities, a review on the synthetic
aspects of this privileged scaffold was attempted. For the benefit of natural product-based drug discovery,
available sources of these derivatives, extraction process and reported biological activities
have also been outlined in this review.
Effects of Sonication Time on the Stability and Viscosity of Functionalized MWCNT-Based Nanolubricants
Authors: Dalkilic Ahmet Selim , Küçükyıldırım Bedri Onur , Eker Ayşegül Akdoğan , Yıldız Faruk , Akpinar Altuğ , Jumpholkul Chaiwat , Wongwises Somchai 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Active scholars in the nanofluid field have continuously attempted to remove
the associated challenge of the stability of nanofluids via various approaches, such as functionalization
and adding a surfactant. After preparing a stable nanofluid, one must measure the properties,
as this is vital in the design of thermal systems.

Objective:
Authors aimed to investigate the stability and viscosity of refrigeration lubrication oilbased
nanofluids containing functionalized MWCNTs. The effects of concentration and temperature
on viscosity were studied. Furthermore, the present study focused on the effect of sonication time on
the stability and viscosity of the prepared samples.

Methods:
After the preparation of chemically functionalized MWCNTs, solutions were dispersed
with an ultrasonic homogenizer for 2, 4 and 8 hours sonication at maximum power. Viscosity measurements
for all samples were made 10 minutes after sonication by adjusting the proper spinning
velocity using a digital rotary viscometer.

Results:
The first part deals with the stability of the nanofluid as a nanolubricant, and the second one
investigates the viscosity of the nanofluid and the effects of various parameters on it. The last one is
related to the validation of the measured viscosity values by means of well-known empirical correlations.
The measured data are given for validation issues.

Conclusion:
The samples will have higher stability by increasing the time of sonication. The viscosity
of a nanofluid does not change with the increase of sonication time to two hours and higher. Up to
mass concentration of 0.1%, the effective viscosity increases with adding nanotubes linearly.
A Framework with Enhanced Security for Service Oriented Architecture
Authors: Shashwat Anurag , Kumar Deepak , Chanana Lovneesh 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Service Oriented Architecture is one of the acceptable frameworks for
application development which provides better functionality such as composability, reliability, reusability,
distributed deployment and interoperability which meet enterprises dynamics. So, SOA
framework is a point of attraction for consumers.

Objective:
However, SOA framework fails to provide security at a granular level. Along with SOA
functionality, the consumer also needs a secure environment so that each application can be reliable.

Methods:
SOA functionality like modularity and reusability are helpful in cross-organization context
but these quality requirements reduce the security of the applications. In the past years, many security
techniques have been provided by different researchers, still, security is a concern of SOA framework.

Results:
Most of the research focus security enhancement at higher layers of SOA reference architecture
only so that SOA functionality remains unaffected. In this paper, the author(s) provided a
framework which enhances the security at both the higher layer and lower layer.

Conclusion:
Also, this framework focuses on security enhancement at the granular level so that
application-level security can be enhanced. The author(s) also included a technique to keep SLA
similar to the exiting application after the implementation of security at each layer. This framework
will be helpful in enhancing the end to end security and reliability of an application.
TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN FOREHAND GROUNDSTROKE DAN BACKHAND GROUNDSTROKE SISWA SEKOLAH TENIS MENOREH TENNIS CLUB, HANDAYANI TENNIS CLUB DAN BANTUL TENNIS CAMP
Authors: Ngatman Ngatman , Sulistyatna Erman 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKTeknik forehand groundstroke dan backhand groundstroke merupakan salah satu teknik yang sangat penting dalam permainan tenis lapangan. Petenis kebanyakan kehilangan angka karena tidak menguasai teknik forehand groundstroke dan backhand groundstroke dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan forehand groundstroke dan backhand groundstroke padasiswa sekolah tenis Menoreh Tennis Club, Handayani Tennis Club dan Bantul Tennis Camp.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan pengukuran. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Dyer Tennis Test. Validitas instrumen Dyer Tennis Test antara 0,80 sampai 0,90 dan reliabilitas instrumen adalah 0,90. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa sekolah tenis Menoreh Tennis Club, Handayani Tennis Club dan Bantul Tennis Camp sebanyak 32 siswa, terdiri dari 20 siswa laki-laki dan 12 siswa perempuan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemampuan forehand groundstrokes siswa sekolah tenis Menoreh Tennis Club, Handayani Tennis Club dan Bantul Tennis Camp berkategori “sedang”. Secara terperinci terdapat 2 siswa (6,25%) berkategori “baik sekali”, 5 siswa (15,63%) berkategori “baik”, 15 siswa (46,87%) berkategori “sedang”, 8 siswa (25%) berkategori “kurang” dan 2 siswa (6,25%) rendah. Rata-rata tingkat kemampuan backhand groundstrokes berkategori “sedang”, dengan rincian terdapat 2 siswa (6,25%) berkategori “baik sekali”, 8 siswa (25%) berkategori “baik”, 12 siswa (37,5%) berkategori “sedang”, 8 siswa (25%) berkategori “kurang” dan 2 siswa (6,25%) berkategori “rendah”. Rata-rata tingkat kemampuan forehand groundstroke dan backhand groundstroke berkategori “sedang”, dengan rincian terdapat 2 siswa (6,25%) berkategori “baik sekali”, 5 siswa (15,63%) berkategori “baik”, 15 siswa (46,87%) berkategori “sedang”, 8 siswa (25%) berkategori “kurang” dan 2 siswa (6,25%) rendah.Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemampuan forehand groundstroke dan backhand groundstroke siswa sekolah tenis Menoreh Tennis Club, Handayani Tennis Club dan Bantul Tennis Camp berkategori sedang. Kata kunci: forehand groundstrokes, backhand groundstrokes, siswa sekolah tenis, dyer tennis test