bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Pheromone of Eupoecilia ambiguella: cis-9-Dodecenyl Acetate as a Major Component
Authors: Am Heinrich , Rauscher Stefan , Buser Hans-Rudolf , Roelofs Wendell L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The electroantennogram-active compound in abdominal tip extracts of E. ambiguella females was identified as cis-9-dodecenyl actetate. The compound was present at a level of 25 ng per female and absent in a male extract. The synthetic chemical shows prominent electroantennogram activity, elicits a mating dance response in the males, and is attractive in the field. The results indicate that cis-9-dodecenyl acetate is a major component of the E. ambiguella sex pheromone.
Conformation-Controlled Trans-Effect of the Proximal Histidine in Haemoglobins. An Electron Spin Resonance Study of Monomeric Nitrosyl-57Fe-Haemoglobins
Authors: Overkamp Matthias , Twilfer Hans , Gersonde Klaus 
Published: August 2018

A monomeric allosteric haemoglobin from Chironomus thummi thummi was reconstituted with 57Fe-haem. This reconstituted haemoglobin was found to be identical to the non-reconstituted material with regard to the O2-binding properties and the visible spectra. The 270 MHz proton magnetic resonance of the bis(cyano)-57Fe-haemin shows that the reconstituted haem is identical with the non-reconstituted haem. Furthermore it has been proved by proton magnetic resonance that in Chironomus haemoglobins the prosthetic group is proto-haem IX.
The ESR spectrum of the native nitrosyl haemoglobin demonstrates rhombic symmetry of the haem iron (gxx = 2.086, gyy=1.981, gzz=2.005) and hyperfine structures at gyy (aNε = 1.35 mT) and at gzz (a15NO = 3.05 mT, a14NO = 2.19 mT, aNε=0.715mT, a57Fe = 0.38 mT). The spectrum is independent of pH and can be classified as a type II spectrum following the classification of ref. 2. NO-binding obviously stabilizes the tertiary structure of this haemoglobin in a “tense” conformation with a relatively strong o bond of the 5th ligand (Nε of imidazole) and a relatively weak o bond of the 6th ligand (NO).
Reaction of this haemoglobin with anionic, cationic and non-ionic detergents, respectively, leads to a transformation of the NO-ligated form into a “relaxed” conformation with a stretched or broken a bond of the 5th ligand (Nε of imidazole) and a strong σ bond of the 6th ligand (NO). The ESR spectrum of this modified NO-haemoglobin shows again a rhombic symmetry of the haem iron (gxx = 2.10, gyy = 2.06, gzz=2.010), but dramatically changes in the g tensors (low field shift), hyperfine structures and hyperfine splitting constants (a15NO=2.32 mT, a14 NO = 1.66 mT, a57Fe = 0.48 mT). The hyperfine splitting is isotropic.
Transition from the “tense” conformation to the “relaxed” conformation corresponds with an increase of the spin density at the iron atom by 26% and a decrease of the spin density at the NO ligand by 25%. The spin density at the Nε of imidazole strongly decreases in the “relaxed” conformation, so that a hyperfine splitting of this ligand is not any more resolved. These results demonstrate the trans-effect of the proximal imidazole which in haemoglobins controls the binding properties of the external ligand in trans-position.
Regulation of Intracellular Pyrophosphatase-Activity and Conservation of the Phosphoanhydride-Energy of Inorganic Pyrophosphate in Microbial Metabolism
Authors: Klemme Jobst-Heinrich 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Conservation of the phosphoanhydride-energy of inorganic pyrophosphate (PP) in micro­bial metabolism requires a stringent metabolic control of the intracellular pyrophosphatases (PPases, EC 3.6.1.1). In this article, the rate of intracellular PP-liberation during biosynthesis of cellular constituents is calculated from the specific growth rate and the macromolecular composition of the respective microorganism. This rate is compared with the maximal specific activity of PPase in cell free extracts or purified enzyme preparations in order to investigate the possibility of the limitation of biosynthesis through PPase-activity. The catalytic and regulatory properties of microbial PPases are discussed in respect to the occurrence of PP-dependent transphosphorylases. The evidence showing that certain anaerobic microorganisms including photosynthetic bacteria, can use PP instead of ATP as phosphate donor for transphosphorylation reactions will be discussed.
The Determination of the DNA Base Composition in 19 Species of Adriatic Sponges with High-Pressure Liquid Cation-Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Breter Hans-Joachim , Hundt Ferdinand , Zahn Rudolf K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The (adenine + thymine)/(guanine + cytosine) base ratios of 19 species of adriatic sponges have been determined by high-pressure liquid cation-exchange chromatography. The base ratios vary from 1.49 (Mycale massa) to 0.63 (Hippospongia communis) according to an (A+T) content of 59.7 and 38.6 mol%, respectively.
The DNAs of sponges of the order Keratosa showed marked differences in their (A +T) contents (39.5 to 58.8 mol%) whereas those of Tetractinellida and Halichondrina were nearly identical (39.3 to 40.8 and 49.5 to 49.8 mol%, respectively).
The 5-methylcytosine (5MC) content was determined in 8 sponge DNAs by a semiquantitative method. The values differed from 0.8 to 2.2 mol% of 5MC.
Incorporation of T4 Phage DNA into a Specific DNA Fraction from the Higher Plant Matthiola incana
Authors: Gradmann-Rebel Waltraud , Hemleben Vera 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Isolated T4 phage DNA (ϱ = 1.694 g/ml) is applied to seedlings of the crucifer Maltliiola incana (DNA density ϱ = 1.698 g/ml). The phage DNA can partly be reextracted from the plants in a specific DNA fraction, which is predominantly characterized by its unusual high density (high density complex = HDC; ϱ = 1.724 g/ml).
DNA: DNA hybridization studies show that phage specific DNA sequences are preserved in the HDC. Results of BrdUrd labeling of the plant DNA before and during incubation with T4 DNA suggest that the HDC is composed of T4 DNA and a plant DNA component of high density. The analysis of ultrasonicated HDC confirms this suggestion.
The ability of plant cells to recognize and handle T4 DNA specifically is discussed.
On the Cross-Section Structure of the Mitochondrial Cristae-Membrane as Revealed by X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Müller-Klieser W , Kreutz W 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Mitochondria were isolated using sorbitol and high buffer concentration in the medium. X-ray diffraction patterns arising from the mitochondrial cristae-membrane were recorded in the fully dried state and in two different states in humidity. The Q-function evaluation of these X-ray dif­fraction diagrams resulted in electron density cross-section profiles, which consist of two main peaks of opposite sign and one, respectively two, smaller peaks. The total thickness of the membrane amounts to 120 Å in the dry and 140 Å to 160 Å in the wet state.An interpretation of the cross-section profile is tentatively proposed.
Pilzpigmente, 29. 2.5-Diary ley clopentan-1.3-dione aus Chamonixia caespitosa (Basidiomycetes)/Pigments of Fungi, 29.2,5-Diarylcyclopentane-1,3-diones from Chamonixia caespitosa (Basidiomycetes)
Authors: Steglich W. , Thilmann A. , Besl H. , Bresinsky A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
From sporophores of Chamonixia caespitosa the 2,5-diarylcyclopentane-1,3-diones gyrocyanin (1), chamonixin (2) and gyroporin (5) have been isolated, the first two being responsible for the blueing of the fruiting bodies. This result suggests a close relation of Chamonixia to the order Boletales.
Isolation and Some Molecular Properties of Plastidic Algal Cytochrome b-559
Authors: Lach Hans-Joachim , Böger Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cytochrome b-559, Algae, Spinach Cytochrome b-559, an integral protein of diloroplast thylakoids, was prepared in a homogeneous form from the alga Bumilleriopsis filiformis. The protein is easily denatured and can be solubilized by treatment of isolated thylakoids with high concentrations of urea and detergents in addition to weak sonification. The reduced form exhibits absorption maxima at 559, 530 and 429 nm. By comparative determination, a molecular weight of 17 000 was found for the protein from Bumilleriopsis, whereas that for spinach has 37 000 daltons. Both proteins have a low, but variable lipid content which is not a necessary part of the enzymatically active cytochrome b-559. The purified cytochrome exhibits a low midpoint the preparation a transient “high-potential” form (reducible by hydroquinone) was also solubilized.
Origins of the First Cell. A New Model for the Spontaneous Formation of the First Living Cell Based on a Novel Approach
Authors: Erhan Semih 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Whether proteins or nucleic acids were responsible for the emergence of life has been debated for a long time. Taking the observation that families of proteins display a remarkable invariance of their amino acid sequence around critical regions, such as active/binding sites, even though these proteins may represent considerable evolutionary diversity, as the naturally provided evidence of evolutionary selection of a working system, the idea is developed that:
1. Proteins had to have been first informational macromolecules that were necessary and sufficient to lead to the emergence of life;
2. it is impossible for a nucleic acid molecules to have formed, by chance, whose base sequence could yield a biologically active protein.
A model is proposed to account for the emergence of the first sucessful cell according to this approach.
Correlation between Diagnostic 59Fe2+-Absorption and Serum Ferritin Concentration in Man
Authors: Heinrich H. C. , Brüggemann J. , Gabbe E. E. , Gläser M. , Icagic Fatima , Pape Ellen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A high correlation coefficient r = -0.832 (Pr≠0 <0.0001) was estimated in man for the inverse relationship between the diagnostic 59Fe2+-absorption and the serum ferritin concentration which is very close to the correlation r = - 0.88 as described for the relationship between the diagnostic 59Fe2+-absorption and the diffuse cytoplasmic storage iron in the bone marrow macrophages. The increase of the diagnostic 59Fe2+-absorption seems to be an earlier and more sensitive indicator of depleted iron stores whereas the serum ferritin decreases somewhat later during the development of iron deficiency.
Infectious Lymphocytes in Mice Persistently Infected with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Authors: Popescu Mircea , Löhler Jürgen , Lehmann-Grube Fritz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
During persistent infection of mice with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus approximately 3% of leukocytes were found to contain viral antigen and to produce infectious virus. Morphologically, infected cells were shown not to be lymphoblasts and their numbers were not reduced by removal of mononuclear phagocytes. We conclude that in LCM virus carrier mice true lymphocytes participate in the infectious process.
Amine einzelliger Grünalgen, III 1 Nachweis von Homologen des Spermidins in der Grünalge Scenedesmus acutus 276-3a. / Amines of Unicellular Green Algae, III Identification of Homologues of Spermidine in the Green Alga Scenedesmus acutus 276-3a
Authors: Kneifei H. , Rolle I. , Paschold B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two homologues of spermidine, N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,3-diaminopropane (1) and N-(4-amino-butyl)-1,4-diaminobutane (2), were identified in Scenedesmus acutus 276-3a. For identification, extracts of algae were trifluoroacetylated and investigated by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Gemeinsame Präparation von drei Dehydrogenasen und zwei Kinasen in einem Arbeitsgang aus Schweineherz / The Preparation of Three Dehydrogenases and Two Kinases from Pig Heart by a Single Procedure
Authors: Geller A. , Berghäuser J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A single procedure for the preparation of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms of malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37), adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3) and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) from pig heart is described. The five enzymes are obtained in preparative amounts in homogenous form with specific activities equal to or higher than those pre­ viously reported. Some molecular properties of pig heart pyruvate kinase are determined.
Photosynthetic Control in Chloroplasts Suspensions Frozen in Liquid Nitrogen in the Presence of Glycerol
Authors: Kaminski K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Type A complete spinach chloroplasts (photosynthetic control ratio ≅ 5) were frozen in liquid nitrogen, in the presence or absence of 50 percent glycerol (v/v). By considering five parameters related to the non cyclic electron transfer in the light (oxidant : K-ferricyanide) it was shown that the uncoupling due to freezing and thawing was partially prevented by glycerol. However glycerol was responsible for a slight uncoupling in fresh chloroplasts. The clearest uncoupling effect of freezing, and chiefly of glycerol, concerned the inhibition of the electron flow which follows the stimulation caused by a limiting quantity of ADP (state 4).
The relative decrease of the photosynthetic control and of related parameters due to the use of this method of preservation, has to be balanced with the improved homogeneity and convenience resulting from it.
Die Untersuchung von Körperflüssigkeiten mit geringer Proteinkonzentration mittels einer Kombination von Mikro-Disk- Elektrophorese und Elektroimmundiffusion /Investigations of Body Fluids with Low Protein Content by the Combination of Micro-Disc-Electrophoresis and Electroimmunodiffusion
Authors: Schmut O. , Katschnig H. , Zirm M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Fluids of the human body with low protein content, i.e. aqueous humour, tears, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine were analyzed by a combination of micro-disc-electrophoresis and electroimmuno-diffusion. By this method both qualitative and quantitative statements about the proteins of these fluids can be established.
African Green Monkey Fibroblast Action Morphology during SV40 Infection
Authors: Brandner Gerhard , Cho Myung-Sam 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Monkey skin fibroblasts were infected with simian virus 40. Cells that exhibited the viral tumor antigen were found to retain the normal morphology of actin filaments up to six days after infection. However when cells were transformed in terms of focus formation they had lost the normal actin morphology.
Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to Viral Nucleic Acid, XII. Ca2+-or Ba2+-Facilitated Transfection of Cell Envelope Mutants
Authors: Taketo Akira 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Using various envelope mutants of Escherichia coli, the relationship between cell surface struc­ture and the Ca2+-or Ba2+-dependent competence for transfection was investigated. In contrast with rough strains, smooth bacteria treated with Ca2+ or Ba2+ were incompetent for the trans­fection by ØA RF. In E. coli K12 D21 derivatives, Ca2+-dependent competence remarkably in­ creased by lpsAl mutation and the highest level of competence was attained by further deficiency in glucose units of the LPS. Upon treatment with BaCl2 , strain D21 and its lpsAl mutant became highly competent for ØA RF. The effect of Ba2+ was, however, feeble for lpsAl mutants further deficient in heptose units and/or glucose units. Among different LPS mutants of E. coli B, variation of the Ca2+-or Ba2+-dependent competence was relatively small and even the competence of strain BB12, whose LPS core contained only two KDO units, was nearly equal to that of wild type bacteria. However, the level of cellular competence induced by Ba2+ was not allways parallel to that induced by Ca2+. In mutants deficient in outer membrane protein I, either Ca2+-or Ba2+-dependent competence increased several-fold, whereas in mutants devoid of outer membrane II*, the com­petence decreased considerably. Unlike nucleoside transport, the uptake of DNA was not affected by tsx mutation.
Notizen: Spontane Leukämie der AKR-Mäuse. Erfolgreiche passive Immunisierung mit Ziegen- Antikörper gegen isoliertes Glykoprotein gp71 des Friend-Leukämie-Virus /Spontaneous Leukemia of AKR Mice. Successful Passive Im m unization with Goat Anti­ bodies against Isolated Glycoprotein gp71 of Friend Leukemia Virus
Authors: Schwarz H. , Thiel H.-J. , Schäfer W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The occurrence of fatal spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice could be drastically reduced by passive immunization with goat antibody against isolated murine Friend virus glycoprotein gp71, possessing high group specific reactivity. The success depended on the time of antibody application. The best results were achieved when mothers and babies were inoculated.
X-Ray-Diffraction Study and Determination of Absolute Configuration of the Anticancer Drug S(–) Cyclophosphamide (Endoxan, Cytoxan, NSC-26271)
Authors: Adamiak D. A. , Saenger W. , Kinas R. , Stec W. J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
(-) Cyclophosphamide (1) crystallized from tetrachlorom ethane in the triclinic space group P1 with cell dimensions a = 10.500 (4) Å, b = 10.490 (4) Å, c = 10.761 (4) A, α = 110.0 (2) ° , β = 11 0.0(2)°, γ = 1 0 8.9(2)°. Three molecules are contained in the unit cell. The X-ray analysis was based on diffractometer measurement of 2635 independent reflections and the structure was solved by Patterson and direct methods. The final R and R w factors after full-matrix least-squares refinement are 0.0717 and 0.0677, respectively. The absolute configuration is S based on Hamilton’s R-factor ratio test. The oxazaphosphorinane ring exists in a chair form with the bis-β-chloroethyl-amino group in equatorial position and about perpendicular to and bisecting

.
The structure is similar to that found in racemic 1 except a different conformation about one ethyl-amino N-C bond.
Schwermetalle in höheren Pilzen, II / Heavy Metals in Higher Fungi, II
Authors: Schmitt Johannes A. , Meisch Hans-Ulrich , Reinle Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In several series of 262 samples, Higher Fungi, especially from the Tremellales and Gastero-mycetes, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy on their content of the trace metals manganese and iron. Both elements were found to be present in higher concentrations in some species of the Tremellales and Phallales. In the case of wood-destroying fungi, the Fe-and Mn-contents of the substrates were compared to those of the corresponding fungi. Only the species with the highest level of these metals reached the same contents as their substrates or a poor enrichment. Among the remaining species of the Higher Fungi, only in the case of the epigean Phallales, a possible biochemical role of manganese has been discussed.
Untersuchungen über die Größe, Struktur und Dynamik von Gallensäure/Lecithin-Mischmicellen / Size, Structure, and Dynamics of Bile Salt/Lecithin Mixed Micelles
Authors: Gähwiller Ch. , Planta C. von , Schmidt D. , Steffen H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The structure and size of lecithin/sodium glycocholate mixed micelles was investigated by quasi­ elastic laser light scattering and spin label techniques.
The investigations are in accordance with a bilayer model for these micelles. The order parameter and the phase transition enthalpy of the micellar bilayer were determined.
The lateral and rotational diffusion constants of label molecules are compared with the cor­ responding diffusion constants in liposomes.
Hydroxycinnamoyl: Coenzyme A Transferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl Triglucoside) in Pisum sativum
Authors: Saylor Marie H. , Mansell Richard L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The major flavonoids of Pisum are derivatives of kaempferol and quercetin, including both tri-glucosides and acylated triglucosides in which the acyl group is p-coumaric acid. Although hydroxy-cinnamic acid esters of flavonoids are common pigments in many plants, neither the enzymes nor the precursors involved in their biosynthesis have been demonstrated. We report here that crude enzyme preparations extracted from peas catalyze the transfer of the p-coumaroyl moiety of p-coumaroyl: Coenzyme A to kaempferol-3-triglucoside forming kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl triglucoside) as the acylated product. The reaction product has been vigorously shown to be identical to the naturally occurring kaempferol-3-(p-coumaroyl triglucoside) in both chromatographic and chemical properties. The enzymatic formation of the acylated derivative occurred only minimally when incubated with the cofactors required for carboxyl group activation (ligase) and maximally when incubated with p-coumaroyl : Coenzyme A as the acyl donor.
Properties of Mouse Leukemia Viruses X V . Electron Microscopic Studies on the Organization of Friend Leukemia Virus and Other Mammalian C-Type Viruses
Authors: Frank Hermann , Schwarz Heinz , Graf Thomas , Schäfer Werner 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Further investigations on the structure of Friend murine leukemia virus (FLV) revealed that the transition from the “immature” (now termed “native”) to the structurally less organized “mature” (now termed “collapsed”) form occurs mainly as a result of the preparation for the electron microscope. A short pretreatment of virus with the detergent NP40 prior to negative staining with uranyl acetate is able to preserve the “native” structure of a high percentage of virus particles from standard preparations. Treatment with conventional fixatives was found to be in ­ effective.
Using this preparation technique, a more detailed electron microscopic analysis of the viral internal organization became possible. A thin layer designated “inner coat” was newly detected in close apposition to the viral membrane between the viral envelope and core. Removal of the unit membrane by more intensive detergent treatment suggests the existence of material extending be­ tween the viral surface knobs and the viral interior. The icosahedral core shell has an opening at one side and this opening matches with the hole in the apparently beehive-like arranged ribo-nucleoprotein (RNP) strand which represents the innermost structure.
A comparative study of a series of representative mammalian C-type viruses with the same technique indicated a close similarity to Friend virus in fine structure, although differences in stability were observed.
Based on these and earlier findings a model of the structure of mammalian C-type viruses is presented.
The Relationship between Visual Acuity and Illumination in the Fly, Lucilia sericata
Authors: Dvorak David , Snyder Allan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The variation in visual acuity with illumination has been studied by monitoring the extracellular response of direction sensitive motion detecting neurons to a drifting sine wave grating displayed upon an oscilloscope spreen. Acuity reaches a maximum value of 0.46 cycles/degree at luminances above 1.0 cd/m2 and decreases gradually over a 3.8 log unit attenuation in intensity to a minimum value of 0.05 cycles/degree. The results have been compared with theoretical acuity curves for the coupound eye with various dark adaptation mechanisms. The analysis indicates that a major strategy of dark adaptation in the fly is a process involving intensity-dependent neural summation of signals from photoreceptors having different visual axes.