bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of sleep position and sleep stage on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Lim Soyun , Lee Hyun‐Kyung , Kang Yun Jin , Shin Hyun‐Woo 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThis study compared the effects of sleeping in the supine position and rapid eye movement sleep on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea, and investigated the effect of sleep stage on position‐dependent obstructive sleep apnea, and of sleep position on rapid eye movement‐dependent obstructive sleep apnea. We analysed epoch‐labelled polysomnographic readouts of 3843 patients, and calculated the apnea–hypopnea index for each sleep position and sleep stage. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate whether the proportion of position‐dependent obstructive sleep apnea patients changed during rapid eye movement and non‐rapid eye movement sleep, and whether that of rapid eye movement‐dependent obstructive sleep apnea patients changed during supine/lateral sleep. The apnea–hypopnea index was highest in the rapid eye movement‐supine position (50.7 ± 22.6 events per hr), followed by non‐rapid eye movement‐supine, rapid eye movement‐lateral and non‐rapid eye movement‐lateral (39.2 ± 25.3, 22.9 ± 24.4, 15.9 ± 21.9 events per hr, respectively; p < 0.001). Patients with position‐dependent obstructive sleep apnea had a higher ratio of rapid eye movement sleep, and those with rapid eye movement‐dependent obstructive sleep apnea had a higher ratio of sleep time in the supine position (p < 0.001). During rapid eye movement sleep, position‐dependent obstructive sleep apnea was not observed in 21.1% of patients who otherwise had position‐dependent obstructive sleep apnea. In the lateral position, 36.9% of patients with rapid eye movement‐dependent obstructive sleep apnea did not retain rapid eye movement dependency. Although sleeping in the supine position and rapid eye movement sleep were both associated with more frequent respiratory events, this was the first study to demonstrate that the former had a stronger correlation with obstructive sleep apnea severity. Position dependency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea decreased during rapid eye movement sleep, and worsening of rapid eye movement dependency was alleviated in the lateral position, suggesting potential for personalized obstructive sleep apnea management.
Floral phenotypic divergence and genomic insights in an Ophrys orchid: unraveling early speciation processes
Authors: Gibert Anaïs , Schatz Bertrand , Buscail Roselyne , Nguyen Dominique , Baguette Michel , Barthes Nicolas , Bertrand Joris A. M. 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Adaptive radiation in Ophrys orchids leads to complex floral phenotypes that vary in scent, color and shape.
Using a novel pipeline to quantify these phenotypes, we investigated trait divergence at early stages of speciation in six populations of Ophrys aveyronensis experiencing recent allopatry. By integrating different genetic/genomic techniques, we investigated: variation and integration of floral components (scent, color and shape); phenotypes and genomic regions under divergent selection; and the genomic bases of trait variation.
We identified a large genomic island of divergence, likely associated with phenotypic variation in particular in floral odor. We detected potential divergent selection on macular color, while stabilizing selection was suspected on floral morphology and for several volatile olfactive compounds. We also identified candidate genes involved in anthocyanin and in steroid biosynthesis pathways associated with standing genetic variation in color and odor.
This study sheds light on early differentiation in Ophrys, revealing patterns that often become invisible over time, that is the geographic mosaic of traits under selection and the early appearance of strong genomic divergence. It also supports a crucial genomic region for future investigation and highlights the value of a multifaceted approach in unraveling speciation within taxa with large genomes.
Creation of high‐resistant starch rice through systematic editing of amylopectin biosynthetic genes in rs4
Authors: Wang Anqi , Cheng Qiao , Li Wenjia , Kan Mingxi , Zhang Yuxin , Meng Xiangbing , Guo Hongyan , Jing Yanhui , Chen Mingjiang , Liu Guifu , Wu Dianxing , Li Jiayang , Yu Hong 
Published: November 2024

SummaryResistant starch (RS) is a special kind of starch with beneficial effects on obesity, type 2 diabetes and other chronic complications. Breeding high‐RS rice varieties is considered a valuable way to improve public health. However, most rice cultivars only contain an RS level lower than 2% in cooked rice, and cloning of RS genes is critical to improve RS levels in rice. The loss of function of Starch Synthases IIIa (SSIIIa) and SSIIIb, two amylopectin biosynthetic genes, could elevate RS levels up to 10%. Here, we performed a systematic genetic study of 14 amylopectin biosynthetic genes in the ssIIIa ssIIIb double mutant via genome editing, and investigated their effects on RS formation, the eating quality and grain yield. The results showed that deficiency in SSIIa, SSIVb or ISA2 under the ssIIIa ssIIIb background could each elevate RS content to above 14%, and the quadruple mutants of sbeI sbeIIb ssIIIa ssIIIb and sbeI ssIVb ssIIIa ssIIIb could further increase RS levels to over 18%. Furthermore, the eating quality of cooked rice and grain yield decreased along with the elevated RS contents, showing a trade‐off among these traits. In these mutants, ssIIIa ssIIIb showed the balanced performance of RS and grain yield. This study provides insights into RS biosynthesis with a series of RS genes in the amylopectin biosynthesis pathway and practical strategy to breed high‐RS rice varieties with balanced performance.
Short‐Photoperiod Induces Floral Induction Involving Carbohydrate Metabolism and Regulation by VcCO3 in Greenhouse Blueberry
Authors: Feng Xin , Wu Xinliang , Wu Huiling , Li Yang , Zhou Bingjie , Jiang Ying , Zhang Suilin , Wei Jiali , Su Shuchai , Hou Zhixia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBlueberry flower buds cultivated in greenhouses develop during both autumn and spring, with floral induction being a critical process for flowering, influenced by environmental factors. This study aimed to clarify the regulatory mechanisms governing floral induction in greenhouse blueberries, focusing on the similarities and differences in flower bud differentiation between the spring and autumn seasons. Understanding these mechanisms is pivotal for enhancing blueberry production. In this study, we analysed the phenotypic characteristics associated with flower bud differentiation and observed that short photoperiods markedly affect the induction process. Transcriptomic analyses revealed distinct major metabolic pathways activated in autumn compared to spring. Seasonal variations in carbohydrate metabolism were also noted, with sucrose hydrolysis being prominent in autumn and sucrose synthesis prevailing in spring. The interplay between circadian rhythms and photosynthesis appeared to facilitate the allocation of sugars for bud development. Subsequent investigations underscored the sensitivity of VcCO3 to variations in photoperiod. Predominantly localised in the nucleus, VcCO3 facilitated floral induction in response to short photoperiods by activating the expression of downstream genes, including VcFT, VcLFY, VcAP3, and VcSOC1. Furthermore, VcCO3 exhibits a close association with the sugar metabolism gene VcSUS, promoting increased sucrose concentrations.
First impressions: An analysis of professional stereotypes and their impact on sector attraction
Authors: Jakobsen Mette , Homberg Fabian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPublic sector professionals are often negatively portrayed with ascriptions such as “ineffective” and “lazy.” Such negative connotations might disadvantage public sector organizations when trying to attract applicants, as it can reflect negatively on individuals' social identities. With this pre‐registered experimental study, we examine stereotypes of public and private sector workers with and without a signal of specific professions present across both the public and private sector. We examine how this influences attraction in the initial phases of a job search before tangible job attributes become visible. Our study among 290 job seeking citizens in the United Kingdom provides evidence for a generic public sector worker bias, but the bias diminishes when the specific profession is known. Furthermore, we find that job seekers are less attracted to public employment and that this relationship is influenced by a negativity bias against public sector workers. We discuss implications of the study.
The epibiotic community associated to the European flat oyster: a function of the state of development of the reef
Authors: Zempléni Abel , Pouvreau Stéphane , Desroy Nicolas 
Published: November 2024

When healthy, Ostrea edulis populations are capable of creating remarkable biogenic reefs, providing a unique habitat for marine biodiversity. At present, the biotic assemblages associated with flat oysters remain poorly defined. This study aims to analyze biodiversity associated with the reef's development stage by focusing on its epibiotic community. The studied oyster population is an old remnant bed located in the Bay of Brest, which has been undergoing restoration for 5 years. The epibiotic communities (>500 μm) of scattered individual living (n = 10) and dead (n = 9) oysters, as well as of aggregates from the ground (n = 10) and from a restored reef (n = 3) were compared. 137 species associated with oysters were found, among which 22 were specific to individual oysters and 55 to aggregates and reefs. Although reef samples formed a distinct group in the SIMPER analysis, Shannon's (between 2.25 and 2.52) and Simpson's (between 0.84 and 0.86) diversity indices remained constant for each reef development stage. Piélou's indices (between 0.71 and 0.80) were significantly lower for aggregates displaying a less evenly distributed community. Mean abundance and species richness per sample were higher for aggregated structures. However, when standardized to abundance per centimeter square of shell surface, both parameters were significantly higher for individual oysters. Therefore, while reefs may support a higher species richness at a larger spatial scale, at a smaller scale, single oysters have a higher species richness per unit area of shell. Seemingly, despite the poor state of their remnant populations, flat oysters are still hosting important macrofaunal biodiversity.
Influence of soil conditioners for enhanced water retention on the accuracy and longer‐term deployment of widely used soil moisture sensors
Authors: Marin M. , Elsakloul F. , Norton G. J. , Sanchez J. , Roundy S. , Hallett P. D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn precision agriculture, water content sensors are fundamental to monitor soil moisture and hence optimize irrigation scheduling. Climate‐smart agriculture has also focused on improving soil moisture retention by using soil conditioners. However, despite that ‘sensor deployment’ and ‘soil conditioners’ are both intended to improve water use efficiency, data are lacking on the responses of soil water sensors to soil conditioners for enhanced water holding capacity. We evaluated soil moisture sensor readings taken in a sandy loam soil, with added biochar (2.5% w/w), compost (5% w/w), hydrogel (0.6% w/w) and water treatment residues (WTR; 5% w/w). The soils were saturated and then subjected to wetting and drying cycles. Measurements were taken continuously using multiple commercial sensors: ML3 and SM150T soil moisture sensors (Delta‐T Devices) as well as EC‐5 soil moisture sensors (Meter). The accuracy of the tested sensors was reduced by the addition of conditioners in the following order: biochar <WTR<compost <hydrogel. Sensor accuracy was highly dependent on soil water content, with larger deviations from actual values when soil water content <0.14 m3 m−3. All sensors performed best at mid values of soil water content (0.14–0.33 m3 m−3), where ML3, SM150T and EC‐5 sensor readings did not differ significantly from the actual water content in unamended soil. The presence of conditioners did affect such accuracy, but the application of a soil + conditioner − specific calibration was effective in increasing sensor accuracy in this water content range.
Evaluation of the safety and effect of lyophilized canine‐specific albumin to increase serum albumin concentration and colloid osmotic pressure in healthy dogs
Authors: Enders Brittany D. , Musulin Sarah E. , Holowaychuk Marie K. , Hale Anne S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the safety of repeated administration of a lyophilized canine‐specific albumin (CSA) product and to quantify its effect on serum albumin concentrations and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in healthy dogs.DesignProspective study.SettingUniversity research facility.AnimalsSix healthy, adult, purpose‐bred Beagles.InterventionsDogs received 1 g/kg of 16% CSA intravenously on days 1, 2, and 14 and were observed, with serial measurement of vital parameters during and for 2 hours after each infusion, to monitor for adverse events or evidence of a hypersensitivity reaction. Serum albumin concentration and COP were measured at predetermined time points before and after each infusion.ResultsOne dog experienced a single episode of vomiting approximately 1 hour after completion of the second infusion. No other adverse reactions were observed during the 28‐day study period. Serum albumin concentration was increased by a mean of 0.57 g/dL (5.7 g/L) (P = 0.003) when measured 2 hours after the first CSA infusion, and albumin concentration remained significantly higher than baseline at 24 hours after infusion, with a mean difference of 0.42 g/dL (4.2 g/dL) (P < 0.001). The second and third CSA infusions similarly increased serum albumin concentration at 2 hours (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively) and 24 hours (P = 0.012 and P = 0.007, respectively) after infusion. COP increased by a mean of 2.03 mm Hg at 2 hours after the first infusion (P = 0.013) and remained significantly higher than baseline at 24 hours after infusion, with a mean difference of 1.52 mm Hg (P = 0.002). The second CSA infusion similarly increased COP at 2 hours (P < 0.001) and 24 hours (P = 0.017) after infusion. The third CSA infusion increased COP at 2 hours after infusion (P = 0.004) but did not achieve statistical significance at 24 hours after infusion (P = 0.053).ConclusionsA 1‐g/kg dose of lyophilized CSA was effective at increasing serum albumin concentration and COP. Repeated infusions of CSA appear safe in healthy dogs.
A suspected anaphylactoid reaction to intravenous administration of mannitol in a dog
Authors: Seddon Kathleen , Stewart Georgina , Gillespie Íde 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of a suspected anaphylactoid reaction to mannitol in a dog.Case SummaryA 1‐year‐old, neutered female French Bulldog was anesthetized for a T12–T13 dorsal laminectomy surgery for a previously diagnosed spinal arachnoid diverticulum. Perioperatively, the spinal cord appeared grossly edematous, and IV mannitol administration was elected. Midway through administration of mannitol, peracute erythema and angioedema were noted around the patient's tongue, muzzle, and paws. The dog's tongue grew to approximately twice its normal size. All vital parameters remained within normal limits. The dog was treated intravenously with dexamethasone and intramuscularly with mepyramine maleate. The remainder of the anesthetization was uneventful. The swelling completely resolved during the 2‐hour recovery period, but careful management of the enlarged tongue was required to prevent airway occlusion.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis is the first reported case of a suspected anaphylactoid reaction to IV administration of mannitol in a dog.
Challenging dynamic cerebral autoregulation across the physiological CO2 spectrum: Influence of biological sex and cardiac cycle
Authors: Johnson Nathan E. , Burma Joel S. , Neill Matthew G. , Burkart Joshua J. , Fletcher Elizabeth K. S. , Smirl Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study applied alterations in partial pressure of end‐tidal carbon dioxide () to challenge dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) responses across the cardiac cycle in both biological sexes. A total of 20 participants (10 females and 10 males; aged 19–34 years) performed 4‐min bouts of repeated squat–stand manoeuvres (SSMs) at 0.05 and 0.10 Hz (randomized orders) with clamped at ∼40 mmHg. The protocol was repeated for hypercapnic (∼55 mmHg) and hypocapnic (∼20 mmHg) conditions. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) were insonated via transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Dynamic end‐tidal forcing clamped , and finger photoplethysmography quantified beat‐to‐beat changes in blood pressure. Linear regressions were performed for transfer function analysis metrics including power spectrum densities, coherence, phase, gain and normalized gain (nGain) with adjustment for sex. During hypercapnic conditions, phase metrics were reduced from eucapnic levels (all P < 0.009), while phase increased during the hypocapnic stage during both 0.05 and 0.10 Hz SSMs (all P < 0.037). Sex differences were present with females displaying greater gain and nGain systole metrics during 0.10 Hz SSMs (all P < 0.041). Across stages, females displayed reduced buffering against systolic aspects of the cardiac cycle and augmented gain. Sex‐related variances in dCA could explain sex differences in the occurrence of clinical conditions such as orthostatic intolerance and stroke, though the effect of fluctuating sex hormones and contraceptive use on dCA metrics is not yet understood.
Prospective in silico trials identify combined SK and K2P channel block as an effective strategy for atrial fibrillation cardioversion
Authors: Dasí Albert , Berg Lucas Arantes , Martinez‐Navarro Hector , Bueno‐Orovio Alfonso , Rodriguez Blanca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVirtual evaluation of medical therapy through human‐based modelling and simulation can accelerate and augment clinical investigations. Treatment of the most common cardiac arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), requires novel approaches. This study prospectively evaluates and mechanistically explains three novel pharmacological therapies for AF through in silico trials, including single and combined SK and K2P channel block. AF and pharmacological action were assessed in a large cohort of 1000 virtual patients, through 2962 multiscale simulations. Extensive calibration and validation with experimental and clinical data support their credibility. Sustained AF was observed in 654 virtual patients. In this cohort, cardioversion efficacy increased to 82% (535 of 654) through combined SK+K2P channel block, from 33% (213 of 654) and 43% (278 of 654) for single SK and K2P blocks, respectively. Drug‐induced prolongation of tissue refractoriness, dependent on the virtual patient's ionic current profile, explained cardioversion efficacy (atrial refractory period increase: 133.0 ± 48.4 ms for combined vs. 45.2 ± 43.0 and 71.0 ± 55.3 ms for single SK and K2P block, respectively). Virtual patients cardioverted by SK channel block presented lower K2P densities, while lower SK densities favoured the success of K2P channel inhibition. Both ionic currents had a crucial role on atrial repolarization, and thus a synergism resulted from the multichannel block. All three strategies, including the multichannel block, preserved atrial electrophysiological function (i.e. conduction velocity and calcium transient dynamics) and thus its contractile properties (safety). In silico trials identify key factors determining treatment success and the combined SK+K2P channel block as a promising strategy for AF management.
imageKey points
This is a large‐scale in silico trial study involving 2962 multiscale simulations.
A population of 1000 virtual patients underwent three treatments for atrial fibrillation.
Single and combined SK+K2P channel block were assessed prospectively.
The multi‐ion channel inhibition resulted in 82% cardioversion efficacy.
In silico trials have broad implications for precision medicine.
Summary of the 2024 Professionals in Nutrition for Exercise and Sport “10 Questions/10 Experts” Session—Hot Topics for the Paris Olympic Games
Authors: Wardenaar Floris C. , Clark Nancy , Stellingwerff Trent , Siegler Jason , Saunders Bryan , Dolan Eimear , Wilson Patrick B. , Hawley John A. , Fuchs Cas J. , Aussieker Thorben , Phillips Stuart M. , Manore Melinda , Burke Louise M. 
Published: November 2024

This article provides a recap of the 10 Questions/10 Experts session at the 2024 American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting. Each of the speakers considered the validity of common “myths,” while providing evidence-based opinions to support, or, bust, myths addressing the following questions: (1) Would 100 g/hr of carbohydrate be advisable for the Olympic Cycling Road race? (2) Is there an advantage in the marathon of ingesting bicarbonate as a hydrogel product? (3) Can genotyping be used to individualize caffeine supplementation in football? (4) Should low fluid consumers drink more to improve 1,500-m track performance? (5) Do urinary markers of dehydration predict poor basketball performance? (6) Do placebo effects influence 10-km track performance? (7) Should combat athletes make weight using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists? (8) Would crushed ice ingestion help tennis umpires make better decisions in the heat? (9) Are collagen supplements useful to reduce tendon and ligament injuries in volleyball? and (10) Should female athletes plan their training and diet according to their menstrual cycle? This article describes the content of each of the presentations including the most important outcomes and conclusions drawn by the presenters.
Extent and Impact of Accelerometer Time Drift on Linkage With Global Positioning System Data for Physical Activity Research
Authors: Liu Wei , Clevenger Kimberly A. , Brønd Jan Christian , Pfeiffer Karin Allor , Pearson Amber L. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Accelerometer time may drift, whereas global positioning system time does not (due to constant satellite communication), potentially impacting linkage of these data; the impact of this issue on outcome measures is unknown. Our study assessed if time drift is consistent between devices and/or data collection waves and the impacts on common outcomes in built environment physical activity research. Methods: First, 11 ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers were manually or automatically shaken every 6 hr for 10 days, and this experiment was repeated twice (two waves). Accelerometer time was compared with local atomic clock time to identify time drifts. Next, we assessed the time-drift impact on estimates of park moderate to vigorous physical activity in an outdoor experiment, comparing no adjustment (status quo) to device-specific and average adjustment to account for time drift. Finally, we used data from an ongoing health study in Detroit, Michigan, to evaluate the impact of time drift adjustment on free-living linked accelerometer and global positioning system data. Results: There was an average of 6.1 ± 5.1 s of lag in accelerometer time after 10 days, but time drifts varied among accelerometers. Mean absolute differences in park moderate to vigorous physical activity were 0.4–0.5 min/day over the entire outdoor experiment or 0.8–0.9 min/day on Day 7. In the free-living study, overall differences in park moderate to vigorous physical activity were 0.0–0.1 min/day, but the maximum difference was 1.9 min/day. Conclusions: Time drift had little impact on estimates, although research requiring high temporal resolution should assess the time drift of individual accelerometers before data collection to account for drift, particularly when linking to global positioning system data.