bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical performance of two commercially available rapid antigen tests for influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics
Authors: Savolainen Laura E. , Peltola Joanna , Hilla Risto , Åman Tapio , Broas Markku , Junttila Ilkka S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Rapid antigen tests (RATs) might provide rapid, low-cost, and easy-to-perform choice to nucleic-acid amplification methods (NAAT) in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics of respiratory infections. The clinical performance of two commercial combo-RATs for influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) POC diagnostics, was assessed. RAT and real-time-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis were performed on 620 patients admitted to the emergency department due to respiratory symptoms. The sensitivity and specificity of the RATs compared with RT-PCR results were studied. The sensitivity of the RATs with respect to symptom duration was also estimated. The tested RAT1 showed sensitivities of 98.68%, 73,53%, and 44.44% for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, and RSV, respectively, when the cycle threshold (Ct) values were <25 and 95.45%, 68.42%, 40.0% with Ct values <30. In RAT2 analysis, respective sensitivities for influenza A and RSV in samples with Ct <25 were 85% and 100% and in samples with Ct <30 respective sensitivities dropped to 69.23% and 66.67%. Positive SARS-CoV-2 cases during the RAT2 testing period and influenza B cases during both the RAT1 and RAT2 testing periods were scarce, so they were omitted from the statistical analysis. The specificity of both tested RATs was high and varied between 99.48% and 100%. The clinical use of RATs should be carefully considered due to the possibility of insufficient sensitivity. Because the specificity of the tests is high, the use of such tests might provide added value, for example, in emergency units, particularly when the prevalence of these infections is high. However, an option to confirm negative RAT by NAAT should be available.

IMPORTANCE
Rapid diagnostics of respiratory viruses is essential for clinical management, infection control, and epidemiological surveillance. Our results showed that due to the high specificity and still inadequate sensitivity, rapid antigen tests (RATs) might be useful for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 point-of-care diagnostics when correctly used. The results provide useful information for laboratory and infectious disease control professionals to support decision-making when implementation of the RATs in clinical use is planned.
Physical activity interventions implemented for older people in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review
Authors: Naidoo Shane , Otoo Samuel , Naidoo Niri 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundSub-Saharan Africa mirrors global patterns with an expanding elderly demographic, frequently characterised by a high incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), manifesting as multimorbidity. Physical activity (PA) is a validated intervention for managing the increasing prevalence of NCDs in this demographic.ObjectiveThis review aimed to elucidate the extent of PA interventions implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa for managing NCDs in older people (OP).Eligibility criteriaThis review synthesised randomised controlled trials published in English since 2010, focusing on PA interventions for managing NCDs or associated risk factors in OP in Sub-Saharan Africa.Sources of evidenceThe Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was implemented with searches in the following databases: PubMed, EBSCOhost (Academic Search Premier AfricaWide Information, CINAHL, Health Sources Premier Academic/Nursing), Scopus and ProQuest.Charting methodsExtraction and reporting adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Reviews framework, ensuring rigorous and systematic synthesis.ResultsA total of 3754 studies were initially identified, with 67 studies ultimately included after applying the exclusion criteria. The synthesised trials tested primarily supervised structured PA interventions (n=30), education on PA and lifestyle (n=30) and combined structured PA with lifestyle education (n=7). A structured supervised PA regimen combining aerobic exercise at 60–80% of maximum heart rate (three 45–60 min sessions per week) and resistance training starting at 50% of one-repetition maximum (3 weekly sessions of three sets with 10–12 repetitions per muscle group), progressively increasing to 60%, was the most effective in reducing risk factors associated with NCDs in this cohort.ConclusionThis analysis confirms that a structured PA regimen paired with lifestyle education significantly mitigates NCDs in Sub-Saharan Africa’s elderly population. Furthermore, it highlights the imperative for further investigation into non-pharmacological strategies, especially those targeting hypertension, diabetes and cognitive health disorders.
Birth preparedness, complication readiness and associated factors among pregnant women attending public health facilities in Chelia District, Central Ethiopia (2022): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tafasa Segni Mulugeta , Bekuma Debela , Fikadu Worku , Gelassa Firaol Regea , Jebena Desalegn Emana , Zerihun Ebisa , Willi Wakeshe , Chaka Eshetu Ejeta 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundBirth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) are essential components of maternal health that encourage proactive planning and decision-making during pregnancy and childbirth. However, there is limited information available regarding the status of BPCR, particularly in our study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess birth preparedness, complication readiness and associated factors among pregnant women attending public health facilities in the Chelia District.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 pregnant women at public health facilities, using a systematic random sampling method. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, and summary statistics were calculated for the relevant variables. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The strength of the association was measured using an OR with a 95% CI. Statistical significance was determined at a p value of 0.05.ResultsA total of 406 mothers participated in the study, resulting in a 99% response rate. The study found that 245 (60.3%) respondents were well-prepared for birth and complication readiness. Several factors such as: family size (adjusted odds ratios (AOR)=0.18; 95% CI (0.09 to 0.35)), decision-making with husbands (AOR=2.43, 95% CI (1.44 to 3.32)), parity (AOR=0.32; 95% CI (0.16 to 0.62)), lack of awareness about birth preparedness (AOR=0.30; 95% CI (0.16 to 0.57)), not knowing about the existence of a waiting home (AOR=0.31; 95% CI (0.19 to 0.48)) and not participating in a pregnant women’s conference (AOR=0.50; 95% CI (0.32 to 0.79)) were significantly associated with BPCR.ConclusionThe study found that the level of BPCR is low in the study area. Family size, decision-making with husbands, awareness of maternity waiting homes, participation in pregnant women’s conferences, knowledge about BPCR and parity were significantly associated with BPCR. Therefore, strengthening pregnant women’s conferences, encouraging husband involvement in decision-making and ensuring maternity waiting homes at health facilities are important.
Outcomes of traumatically injured patients after nighttime transfer from the intensive care unit
Authors: Howk Amy , Clegg Devin John , Balmer Jacob C , Foster Natalie G , Gerard Justin , Rowe Anthony S , Daley Brian 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundPrior studies have associated nighttime transfer of patients from the intensive care unit (ICU) with increased morbidity. This study sought to examine this relationship in traumatically injured patients, as this has not been previously performed.MethodsA retrospective review of traumatically injured patients admitted to a Level I Trauma Center’s ICU from January 2021 to September 2022 was performed. “Day shift” (DS) was defined as 07:00 to 19:00 and “night shift” (NS) as 19:01 to 06:59. The time of transfer completion was based on the time of the patient arrival at the destination unit. The univariate analysis compared patients with completed transfers during DS and NS. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to predict readmission to the ICU.ResultsA total of 1,800 patients were included in the analysis, with 608 patients that had completed transfers during NS, and 1,192 during DS. Both groups were similar, with no significant differences in age, sex, Injury Severity Score (ISS), mechanism of injury, or median total comorbidities. The NS group had a longer median time to transfer completion (10.1 (IQR 5.5–13.6) hours vs 5.1 (IQR 2.9–8.4) hours; p<0.001). A significantly higher proportion of the NS group had a readmission to the ICU (60 (10.0%) vs 86 (7.0%); p=0.03) or a major complication (72 (11.9%) vs 107 (9.0%); p=0.048). When controlling for age, comorbidities, ISS, time to bed assignment and to transfer completed, and ICU length of stay, transfer completion during NS was associated with 1.56 times higher odds of having an ICU readmission (OR 1.56 (95% CI 1.05, 2.33); p=0.03).ConclusionsTrauma patients transferred from the ICU during NS experienced longer delays, readmission to the ICU, and major complications significantly more often. With increasing hospital bed shortages, patient transfers must be analyzed to minimize worsened outcomes, especially in traumatically injured patients.Level of evidenceLevel III, therapeutic/care management.
Preparing the future combat surgeon: a survey of the military general surgery trainee GME experience
Authors: Baird Emily W , Dilday Joshua , Lammers Daniel , Tadlock Matthew D , Gurney Jennifer M. , Jansen Jan O , Holcomb John B 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionGraduate medical education (GME) lacks a standardized military training program for general surgery residents, and concern exists that they may not be prepared to serve as combat surgeons on training completion. The purpose of this study was to assess military surgery trainee satisfaction with their programs. Our hypothesis was that military residents were not completely confident to care for combat casualties on completion of current GME training.MethodsWe surveyed US Army, Navy, and Air Force general surgery residents and fellows between November 2023 and March 2024 to assess their confidence in managing combat injuries. Queried residents further rate their overall satisfaction with surgical training, perceived level of deployment preparedness and curriculum elements which they thought would be most beneficial to their training.ResultsThe survey yielded an overall 43% response rate (132/305) with a response rate of 42% (61/147) from the Army, 56% (44/79) from the Navy, and 34% (27/79) from the Air Force. Most trainees were trained in military medical treatment facility residency programs (n=91, 68.9%) and nearly half of respondents (n=64, 49%) were senior trainees (postgraduate year (PGY)4, PGY5, and fellows). Among all trainees, only two-thirds (n=88, 67%,) thought they were adequately prepared to deploy and operate on military combat casualties by the end of residency but 114 (86%) were satisfied with the training they received during general surgery residency in adult trauma, 103 (78%) in critical care, and 112 (85%) in acute care surgery. However, more than half were unsatisfied with the training they received in obstetric/gynecologic and urologic emergencies (n=72, 55%; and n=67, 51%, respectively).ConclusionAlthough the majority of military surgical residents surveyed are satisfied with their training in adult trauma, critical care, and emergency general surgery, a large number of trainees thought they would not be ready to deploy and manage combat casualties.Level of evidencePrognostic and epidemiological, Level IV.
Chern–Simons-like formulation of exotic massive 3D gravity models
Authors: Dedeoğlu Büşra , Ozkan Mehmet , Sarıoğlu Özgür 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigate the Chern–Simons-like formulation of exotic general massive gravity models within the framework of third-way to three-dimensional gravity. We classify our construction into two main approaches: one using torsional cosmological Einstein and exotic massive gravity equations, and the other a torsion-free approach. The former approach, while mathematically appealing, precludes the construction of critical exotic models where the central charges vanish. In contrast, the latter approach has a wider parameter space and allows for the construction of critical models. An explicit example of an exotic general model is provided to illustrate both methods. Our methodology represents the first step towards establishing the most general Chern–Simons-like formulation of third-way to three-dimensional gravity, which would enable the study of identifying its bulk/boundary unitary sector.
Which Gospel? The Militarization of Sacred Texts in Israel’s Genocide in Gaza
Authors: Alkhouri Yousef Kamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sacred texts have frequently been used to legitimize the oppression and extermination of native peoples. This article argues that Christian and Jewish Zionism, being the ideology of settler-colonialism of Palestine, is genocidal. It showcases the ways sacred texts have been militarized to justify the Zionist settler-colonialism in its genocidal war against the Palestinians. Further, the Israeli military has deployed an Artificial Intelligence military system called ‘the Gospel’. This article poses the question: Which ‘gospel’ would Palestinians think of when they hear this word – that of the Kingdom or of genocide? Applying an empire criticism approach, the article shows the concept carries several connotations – imperial and counter-imperial. The earlier is the imperial ‘Gospel’ of genocide, the latter is the gospel of the kingdom, which is counter-imperial. The church, as an agent of the gospel of kingdom, has to be prophetic in the face of oppression.
The Self-Transformation Process in Kundalini Yoga as Taught by Yogi Bhajan through a Gendered Lens
Authors: Stauffer Laeticia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines the self-transformation process in Kundalini yoga discourse and practice from a gendered perspective. Data were collected over three years in Western Switzerland using multi-sited ethnography, combining participant observation with twenty-eight interviews. Using Kundalini yoga as taught by Yogi Bhajan and its representations of the ‘feminine’ and ‘masculine’ as a case study, I explore how practitioners adopt gendered rituals. In this tradition, self-transformation is based on concepts of inner strength, sensitivity, and divine femininity, which creates dissonance for some practitioners. Additionally, specific arrangements arise to negotiate (internal) experiential authority, gendered agency, and biography in yoga teaching and teacher–student relationships. Finally, I investigate the interactions between practitioners’ yoga trajectories and their personal and professional lives, observing differences in women’s and men’s experiences.
Cultural Memory and Obstacles Challenging Digital Activist Muslims as Symbolic Violence
Authors: Sevinç Bayram 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Over the past two decades, Islamic movements and activism in the USA have progressed. The weak part of the explanation models for Islamic activism is an inclusive description of obstacles in the discursive field. These obstacles are essentially sources of symbolic violence in discourse. There is also a debate regarding the discursive representation of Muslims. Native and immigrant Muslims in the USA have struggled against the dominance of external discourses. Therefore, this study examines the essential boundaries and obstacles of the discursive field that activist Muslims (digital activists particularly) encounter when constructing discourses in the USA. In this study, I used the current activism findings to investigate the discursive field’s fundamental boundaries and obstacles. The research proves that barriers such as stigmatization, racialization, nativism, security paradigm, gender, marginalization, and discrimination form the main basis of symbolic violence.
The Search for Clarity: Resort to Advisory Opinions as a Strategy for the Implementation of International Environmental Law
Authors: Meckievi Sol , Viñuales Jorge E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Requests for advisory opinions to international courts and tribunals are on the rise. Of particular note is the fact that, at the time this contribution is prepared, three concern the protection of the environment and, more specifically, climate change. It is intriguing that, at the inter-State level, the advisory route seems to be preferred to the contentious route for this issue. The question is why? This contribution examines this question paying particular attention to the strategic function of advisory proceedings. Our main argument is that such a function is to change the balance between what is deemed to be the rule and what is considered the exception in international law. Specifically, courts and tribunals are asked to state that a conduct or a situation which, for a variety of reasons, is hiding in plain sight as in principle “lawful” is, on closer inspection, in principle “unlawful”. This is a fundamental premise of the search for implementation, as a conduct cannot be regulated if its own (il)legality is dubious.
Unweaving the Tangled Web of Environmental Rights of Children and Future Generations
Authors: Ippolito Francesca 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present contribution aims to clarify the notion of “future generations”, reflecting on the extent to which this notion takes into consideration children’s rights, particularly with respect to the environment. After laying the foundations of the analysis, this work will shed light on the potential advantages of using the children’s rights framework to strengthen the promotion of the rights and interests of future generations. Notably, the ambition to enhance future generations’ protection through the children’s rights framework presents several challenges. The first is the risk of downplaying child-specific environmental rights. To overcome this possible tension, the present work argues that the monitoring body of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) should play a more proactive role. In this author’s view, the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CteeRC) appears to be the body best suited to strengthening commitment to future generations and guaranteeing a correct balance of competing positions and perspectives.
Restitution and Compensation for Environmental Damage in International Law: Towards an Ecological Approach?
Authors: Di Benedetto Saverio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the obligations of States to repair environmental damage caused by their internationally unlawful acts. Such obligations are crucial to effectively implement environmental values underlying many rules of international law; however, for many years, these obligations essentially remained on a theoretical plane. Since the beginning of the 21st century, international practice on environmental reparation has been developing. This article intends to investigate whether and to what extent such practice, when establishing reparation for environmental damage, relies on the principles of modern system ecology and thus is able to effectively restore the injured values. To this end, it first addresses in general terms the obligations of restitution and compensation in international law, which are aimed at removing the unlawful injury. Then, it analyses the practice of adjudicating bodies with respect to environmental reparation, namely the UN Compensation Commission, the ICJ and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Finally, the article summarises the research findings on the relevance of an ecological approach for current environmental reparation practice and gives some insights into the interaction between reparation of environmental damage and primary rules on environmental protection.
The Recovery of the Communal Lands: Territorial Struggle and Political Subjectivation in San Miguel Chimalapa, Mexico
Authors: Pérez Ochoa María Fernanda 
Published: November 2024

This article addresses the struggle for the recovery of communal lands by groups inhabiting the Chimalapas region in the municipality of San Miguel Chimalapa, Oaxaca, between the 1970s and 1990s. I focus on the process of political subjectivation (or political subject formation), understood here as the sphere of politicization under which these sectors articulated discourses and practices of insubordination that allowed them to materialize their collective demand for access to communal lands. I begin with a historical overview of the private appropriation of land in the Chimalapas during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the emergence of agrarian problems in the region. I subsequently analyze the elements that allowed for the cohesion of this subject formation process and the deployment of land recovery strategies in eastern San Miguel. Finally, I address the internalization of the struggle experience among new sectors, and how land recovery has extended to the municipality’s southern border. El presente texto ofrece una aproximación a la lucha por la recuperación de tierras comunales emprendida por sectores chimalapas en el municipio de San Miguel Chimalapa, Oaxaca, entre las décadas de 1970 y 1990. Para ello, nos centramos en el proceso de subjetivación política, entendido como el ámbito de politización bajo el cual estos sectores articularon discursos y prácticas de insubordinación que les permitieron materializar su demanda colectiva de acceso a las tierras comunales. Iniciamos con un panorama histórico sobre la apropiación privada de la tierra en los Chimalapas durante los siglos XIX-XX y el surgimiento de la problemática agraria en esta región. Posteriormente, analizamos los elementos que cohesionaron el proceso de subjetivación y el despliegue de la recuperación de tierras de la zona oriente de San Miguel, para finalmente observar la interiorización de la experiencia de lucha en nuevos sectores y la expansión de la recuperación a la frontera sur del municipio.