bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in Cell Motility, Proliferation, and Metabolism in Novel Models of Acquired Temozolomide Resistant Glioblastoma
Authors: Tiek D. M. , Rone J. D. , Graham G. T. , Pannkuk E. L. , Haddad B. R. , Riggins R. B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable tumor of the brain with limited treatment options. Current first-line standard of care is the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), but this treatment strategy adds only ~4 months to median survival due to the rapid development of resistance. While some mechanisms of TMZ resistance have been identified, they are not fully understood. There are few effective strategies to manage therapy resistant GBM, and we lack diverse preclinical models of acquired TMZ resistance in which to test therapeutic strategies on TMZ resistant GBM. In this study, we create and characterize two new GBM cell lines resistant to TMZin vitro, based on the 8MGBA and 42MGBA cell lines. Analysis of the TMZ resistant (TMZres) variants in conjunction with their parental, sensitive cell lines shows that acquisition of TMZ resistance is accompanied by broad phenotypic changes, including increased proliferation, migration, chromosomal aberrations, and secretion of cytosolic lipids. Importantly, each TMZ resistant model captures a different facet of the “go” (8MGBA-TMZres) or “grow” (42MGBA-TMZres) hypothesis of GBM behavior. Thesein vitromodel systems will be important additions to the available tools for investigators seeking to define molecular mechanisms of acquired TMZ resistance.
The mechanical microenvironment regulates ovarian cancer cell morphology, migration, and spheroid disaggregation
Authors: McKenzie Andrew J. , Hicks Stephanie R. , Svec Kathryn V. , Naughton Hannah , Edmunds Zöe L. , Howe Alan K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is growing appreciation of the importance of the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment on disease progression. However, the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and cellular mechanotransduction in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of substrate rigidity on various aspects of SKOV3 human EOC cell morphology and migration. Young’s modulus values of normal mouse peritoneum, a principal target tissue for EOC metastasis, were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and hydrogels were fabricated to mimic these values. We find that cell spreading, focal adhesion formation, myosin light chain phosphorylation, and cellular traction forces all increase on stiffer matrices. Substrate rigidity also positively regulates random cell migration and, importantly, directional increases in matrix tension promote SKOV3 cell durotaxis. Matrix rigidity also promotes nuclear translocation of YAP1, an oncogenic transcription factor associated with aggressive metastatic EOC. Furthermore, disaggregation of multicellular EOC spheroids, a behavior associated with dissemination and metastasis, is enhanced by matrix stiffness through a mechanotransduction pathway involving ROCK, actomyosin contractility, and FAK. Finally, this pattern of mechanosensitivity is maintained in highly metastatic SKOV3ip.1 cells. These results establish that the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment may play a role in EOC metastasis.
Transformation Paths from Cubic to Low-Symmetry Structures in Heusler Ni2MnGa Compound
Authors: Zelený Martin , Straka Ladislav , Sozinov Alexei , Heczko Oleg 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn order to explain the formation of low-temperature phases in stoichiometric Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memory alloy, we investigate the phase transformation paths from cubic austenite with Heusler structure to low-symmetry martensitic structures. We used ab initio calculations combined with the generalized solid state nudged elastic band method to determine the minimum energy path and corresponding changes in crystal lattice. The four-, five-, and seven-layered modulated phases of martensite (4O, 10M, and 14M) are built as the relaxed nanotwinned non-modulated (NM) phase. Despite having a total energy larger than the other martensitic phases, the 10M phase will spontaneously form at 0 K, because there is no energy barrier on the path and the energy decreases with a large negative slope. Moreover, a similar negative slope in the beginning of path is found also for the transformation to the 6M premartensite, which appears as a local minimum on the path leading further to 10M martensite. Transformation paths to other structures exhibit more or less significant barriers in the beginning hindering such a transformation from austenite. These findings correspond to experiment and demonstrates that the kinetics of the transformation is decisive for the selection of the particular low-symmetry structure.
Preclinical outcomes of Intratumoral Modulation Therapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Di Sebastiano Andrea R. , Deweyert Andrew , Benoit Simon , Iredale Erin , Xu Hu , De Oliveira Cleusa , Wong Eugene , Schmid Susanne , Hebb Matthew O. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the leading cause of high fatality cancer arising within the adult brain. Electrotherapeutic approaches offer new promise for GBM treatment by exploiting innate vulnerabilities of cancer cells to low intensity electric fields. This report describes the preclinical outcomes of a novel electrotherapeutic strategy called Intratumoral Modulation Therapy (IMT) that uses an implanted stimulation system to deliver sustained, titratable, low intensity electric fields directly across GBM-affected brain regions. This pilot technology was applied to in vitro and animal models demonstrating significant and marked reduction in tumor cell viability and a cumulative impact of concurrent IMT and chemotherapy in GBM. No off target neurological effects were observed in treated subjects. Computational modeling predicted IMT field optimization as a means to further bolster treatment efficacy. This sentinel study provides new support for defining the potential of IMT strategies as part of a more effective multimodality treatment platform for GBM.
Silk fibroin micro-particle scaffolds with superior compression modulus and slow bioresorption for effective bone regeneration
Authors: Nisal Anuya , Sayyad Raeesa , Dhavale Prachi , Khude Bhakti , Deshpande Rucha , Mapare Vidhyashri , Shukla Swati , Venugopalan Premnath 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF), a natural polymer produced by Bombyx mori silkworms, has been extensively explored to prepare porous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Here, we demonstrate, a scaffold made of SF, which exhibits compression modulus comparable to natural cancellous bone while retaining the appropriate porosities and interconnected pore architecture. The scaffolds also exhibit high resistance to in-vitro proteolytic degradation due to the dominant beta sheet conformation of the SF protein. Additionally, the scaffolds are prepared using a simple method of microparticle aggregation. We also demonstrate, for the first time, a method to prepare SF micro-particles using a Hexafluoroisopropanol-Methanol solvent-coagulant combination. SF microparticles obtained using this method are monodisperse, spherical, non-porous and extremely crystalline. These micro-particles have been further aggregated together to form a 3D scaffold. The aggregation is achieved by random packing of these microparticles and fusing them together using a dilute SF solution. Preliminary in-vitro cell culture and in-vivo implantation studies demonstrate that the scaffolds are biocompatible and they exhibit the appropriate early markers, making them promising candidates for bone regeneration.
Interplay of grounding-line dynamics and sub-shelf melting during retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream
Authors: Petrini Michele , Colleoni Florence , Kirchner Nina , Hughes Anna L. C. , Camerlenghi Angelo , Rebesco Michele , Lucchi Renata G. , Forte Emanuele , Colucci Renato R. , Noormets Riko 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Barents Sea Ice Sheet was a marine-based ice sheet, i.e., it rested on the Barents Sea floor during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 ky BP). The Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream was the largest ice stream draining the Barents Sea Ice Sheet and is regarded as an analogue for contemporary ice streams in West Antarctica. Here, the retreat of the Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream is simulated by means of two numerical ice sheet models and results assessed against geological data. We investigate the sensitivity of the ice stream to changes in ocean temperature and the impact of grounding-line physics on ice stream retreat. Our results suggest that the role played by sub-shelf melting depends on how the grounding-line physics is represented in the models. When an analytic constraint on the ice flux across the grounding line is applied, the retreat of Bjørnøyrenna Ice Stream is primarily driven by internal ice dynamics rather than by oceanic forcing. This suggests that implementations of grounding-line physics need to be carefully assessed when evaluating and predicting the response of contemporary marine-based ice sheets and individual ice streams to ongoing and future ocean warming.
The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Follicular Bronchiolitis in Chinese Adult Patients
Authors: Lu Ju , Ma Miao , Zhao Qi , Meng Fanqing , Wang Dongmei , Cai Hourong , Cao Mengshu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFollicular bronchiolitis (FB) is a rare interstitial lung disease (ILD) and has been reported in diverse clinical contexts. Six FB patients demonstrated by surgical lung biopsy (SLB) were reviewed between 2009 and 2017 from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital in China. The average age of subjects was 42 years old (range: 31–55 years). The clinical symptoms were very mild. The laboratory findings showed elevated Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum globulin and anemia. Pulmonary function tests were normal in four cases. Five cases had underlying diseases, such as, Sjo¨gren’s syndrome, multi-centric castlemans’ disease, idiopathic pneumonia with autoimmune features and abscess. Five cases presented as interstitial lung disease (ILD) on chest imaging with centrilobular or peribronchiolar nodules, ground glass opacities, interlobular septal thickening, cysts and bronchiectasis. Isolated mass was in one patient. The histopathology suggested the changes of FB in all subjects. Prednisone and/or cyclophosphamide were used in four cases, one did the surgery and the other was clinically monitored. All cases were alive at the end of follow up. The adult patients of FB usually have mild symptoms, ILD and underlying diseases. The definite diagnosis needs SLB. The prognosis is depended on their underlying conditions.
High-efficiency chiral meta-lens
Authors: Groever Benedikt , Rubin Noah A. , Mueller J. P. Balthasar , Devlin Robert C. , Capasso Federico 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present here a compact metasurface lens element that enables simultaneous and spatially separated imaging of light of opposite circular polarization states. The design overcomes a limitation of previous chiral lenses reliant on the traditional geometric phase approach by allowing for independent focusing of both circular polarizations without a 50% efficiency trade-off. We demonstrate circular polarization-dependent imaging at visible wavelengths with polarization contrast greater than 20dB and efficiencies as high as 70%.
Distributed representation of pelvic floor muscles in human motor cortex
Authors: Yani Moheb S. , Wondolowski Joyce H. , Eckel Sandrah P. , Kulig Kornelia , Fisher Beth E. , Gordon James E. , Kutch Jason J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman motor cortex can activate pelvic floor muscles (PFM), but the motor cortical representation of the PFM is not well characterized. PFM representation is thought to be focused in the supplementary motor area (SMA). Here we examine the degree to which PFM representation is distributed between SMA and the primary motor cortex (M1), and how this representation is utilized to activate the PFM in different coordination patterns. We show that two types of coordination patterns involving PFM can be voluntarily accessed: one activates PFM independently of synergists and a second activates PFM prior to and in proportion with synergists (in this study, the gluteus maximus muscle – GMM). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed that both coordination patterns involve overlapping activation in SMA and M1, suggesting the presence of intermingled but independent neural populations that access the different patterns. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) confirmed SMA and M1 representation for the PFM. TMS also showed that, equally for SMA and M1, PFM can be activated during rest but GMM can only be activated after voluntary drive to GMM, suggesting that these populations are distinguished by activation threshold. We conclude that PFM representation is broadly distributed in SMA and M1 in humans.
Modularity promotes morphological divergence in ray-finned fishes
Authors: Larouche Olivier , Zelditch Miriam L. , Cloutier Richard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractModularity is considered a prerequisite for the evolvability of biological systems. This is because in theory, individual modules can follow quasi-independent evolutionary trajectories or evolve at different rates compared to other aspects of the organism. This may influence the potential of some modules to diverge, leading to differences in disparity. Here, we investigated this relationship between modularity, rates of morphological evolution and disparity using a phylogenetically diverse sample of ray-finned fishes. We compared the support for multiple hypotheses of evolutionary modularity and asked if the partitions delimited by the best-fitting models were also characterized by the highest evolutionary rate differentials. We found that an evolutionary module incorporating the dorsal, anal and paired fins was well supported by the data, and that this module evolves more rapidly and consequently generates more disparity than other modules. This suggests that modularity may indeed promote morphological disparity through differences in evolutionary rates across modules.
Effect of silane coating containing SiC nanoparticles on the corrosion behaviour of stainless steel 304
Authors: Mokhtarian Javad , Allafchian Alireza , Atapour Masoud 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the present research was to address the corrosion protection of silane‐based coatings which were positioned on the 304 stainless steel substrate in a 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. To this aim, tetraethoxysilane, 3‐(aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles were coated onto the 304 stainless steel substrate using the sol–gel deposition method. Accordingly, the corrosion behaviour of the bare metal and the coated substrates was assessed through conducting potentiodynamic polarisation tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, for the evaluation of surface properties, scanning electron microscope, a field emission scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were employed. The result obtained by corrosion studies revealed that the silane coating containing SiC nanoparticles exhibited superior corrosion resistance than the bare 304 stainless steel. A homogenous and highly adherent protective nanostructure coating was produced on the stainless steel substrates by the silane coating including nanoparticles.
Directing Methylene Oxidation towards Azaheterocycles by Transition-Metal and Organic Catalysis
Authors: Van Humbeck Jeffrey 
Published: May 2018

A combination of transition-metal and organic catalysis has been used to deliver a system that can selectively oxidize benzylic methylene groups adjacent to azaheterocycles in preference to other positions that are typically more reactive. Here, we provide more background and context that describes what inspired our approach to catalyst development.1	Introduction2	Site-Selective Methylene Oxidation3	Literature Inspiration for Design Plan4	Combined Ligand/Metal/HAT Catalyst Effects5	Perspectives for Future Work
Factores de riesgo y síndrome del túnel carpiano en el entorno laboral
Authors: Sutil Blanco Ángel , Bernaldo de Quirós Ramos Silvia , Varillas Delgado David , García de Lucas Fernando 
Published: May 2018

Introducción Las neuropatías compresivas son las patologías neurológicas periféricas más frecuentes del miembro superior, suponiendo una de las principales causas de pérdida de días laborales. El síndrome del túnel del carpo (STC), es la más frecuente, y se produce por un atrapamiento del nervio mediano a su paso por el túnel carpiano resultando en un daño de tipo isquémico y mecánico. El objetivo de este estudio, fue investigar la relación causal entre la exposición a distintos factores de riesgo laborales y el STC en nuestro medio.
Material y Método Estudio descriptivo, observacional de casos-control restrospectivo. Doscientos veinte pacientes fueron diagnosticados con STC en el área de influencia de nuestro centro hospitalario. Se efectuó tratamiento quirúrgico en pacientes con manifestaciones clínico-electroneurofisiológicas de intensidad moderada-severa y falta de respuesta a medidas conservadoras.
Resultados  Noventa y un pacientes fueron hombres (41,4%) y 129 mujeres (58,6%), todos en edad laboral, con una edad media de 45,26 años. El 85% presentaban alta repetición de movimientos de la muñeca. La mayoría presentaba afectada la extremidad dominante. Fueron intervenidos mediante descompresión quirúrgica 191 pacientes y 29 se trataron con medidas conservadoras. Se estudió la prevalencia del STC según los distintos gremios de trabajadores y factores de riesgo.
Conclusión Existe un mayor riesgo en profesiones con elevada repetición de movimientos de muñeca, de padecer STC con respecto a las profesiones que tienen baja repetición. La afectación de la mano no dominante tiene un riesgo menor que la mano dominante o la bilateral. El sexo femenino, obesidad, diabetes, artritis reumatoide e hiperuricemia, presentan mayor riesgo de STC, aunque no estadísticamente significativo. Como conclusión, existen determinadas profesiones que pueden aumentar el riesgo de padecer este síndrome, así como patologías endocrinas. Sin embargo, no se puede asumir que exista una relación causal suficiente para desencadenarlo.
Vascularized Bone Grafting for Reconstruction of Oncologic Defects in the Spine: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Pedreira Rachel , Siotos Charalampos , Cho Brian , Seal Stella , Bhat Deepa , Carl Hannah , Seu Michelle , Wolinksy J. , Sacks Justin 
Published: May 2018

Background Resection of primary spinal tumors requires reconstruction for restoration of spinal column stability. Traditionally, some combination of bone grafting and instrumentation is implemented. However, delayed healing environments are associated with pseudoarthrodesis and failure. Implementation of vascularized bone grafting (VBG) to complement hardware may present a solution. We evaluated the use of VBG in oncologic spinal reconstruction via systematic review and pooled analysis of literature.
Methods We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus for studies published through September 2017 according to the PRISMA guidelines and performed a pooled analysis of studies with n > 5. Additionally, we performed retrospective review of patients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital that received spinal reconstruction with VBG.
Results We identified 21 eligible studies and executed a pooled analysis of 12. Analysis indicated an 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–1.03) rate of successful union when VBG is employed after primary tumor resection. The overall complication rate was 42% (95% CI: 0.23–0.61) and reoperation rate was 27% (95% CI: 0.12–0.41) in the pooled cohort. Wound complication rate was 18% (95% CI: 0.11–0.26). Fifteen out of 209 patients (7.2%) had instrumentation failure and mean time-to-union was 6 months. Consensus in the literature and in the patients reviewed is that introduction of VBG into irradiated or infected tissue beds proves advantageous given decreased resorption, increased load bearing, and faster consolidation. Downsides to this technique included longer operations, donor-site morbidity, and difficulty in coordinating care.
Conclusions Our results demonstrate that complication rates using VBG are similar to those reported in studies using non-VBG for similar spinal reconstructions; however, fusion rates are better. Given rapid fusion and possible hardware independence, VBG may be useful in reconstructing defects in patients with longer life expectancies and/or with a history of chemoradiation and/or infection at the site of tumor resection.
Cannabidiol zur Verbesserung der Genesung in frühen Stadien einer Schizophrenie
Authors: Rohleder C. , Müller J. K. , Hirjak D. , Meyer-Lindenberg A. , Leweke F. M. 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von Patienten mit schizophrenen Psychosen stellt trotz der Fortschritte der vergangenen Jahrzehnte immer noch eine große Herausforderung insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Genesung der Patienten dar. Obschon gerade die Akutsymptomatik mit den verfügbaren Antipsychotika verhältnismäßig gut zu behandeln ist, stellen deren eingeschränkte Wirksamkeit gegen Negativsymptomatik und kognitiven Einschränkungen und das Profil unerwünschter Wirkungen ein Problem im Hinblick auf die vollständige Wiederherstellung der sozialen und beruflichen Leistungsfähigkeit und Integration vieler Patienten dar. Im Rahmen des ESPRIT-Forschungsnetzwerkes führen wir daher eine klinische Prüfung von Cannabidiol als Zusatzmedikation bei post-akuten schizophrenen Psychosen in frühen Erkrankungsstadien durch. Hierbei werden die längerfristige Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit dieser Substanz geprüft, deren Wirkmechanismus die Modulation des Endocannabinoidsystems umfasst. Damit stellt Cannabidiol eine potentiell neue Wirkstoffklasse in der Behandlung von Psychosen dar, die die Genesung von Patienten hoffentlich zu verbessern hilft.
Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Mohnke S. , Walter H. , Vogel B. 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Erfassung von Psychopathologie und psychischen Problemen ist typischerweise stark abhängig von der retrospektiven Selbstauskunft der Patienten und beeinflusst durch die unnatürliche Umgebung, in der diese Informationen erhoben werden. Erinnerungsverzerrungen (recall biases) und die statische Natur von Fragebögen und klinischen Interviews, welche meist nur eine Momentaufnahme des Befindens und Verhaltens des Patienten darstellen, machen diese traditionelle Erhebungsart ungeeignet für die Erfassung von dynamischen Veränderungen von Symptomen über die Zeit und unterschiedliche Kontexte. Das Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) bietet eine Möglichkeit zur Reduzierung dieser Fehlerquellen durch die dynamische Erhebung von subjektiven und objektiven Daten im alltagsnahen Umfeld der Patienten, oft mit Hilfe von elektronischen Geräten. Durch den Einsatz von EMA in Forschung und Praxis können Erinnerungsverzerrungen minimiert, die ökologische Validität erhöht und somit eine genauere Abbildung von Psychopathologie erreicht werden. In dieser kurzen Übersicht stellen wir das EMA und seine Anwendungsbereiche vor, diskutieren die Anwendung von EMA bei Patienten mit Psychose im Allgemeinen und im ESPRIT-Verbund.
Beurteilung der chemosensorischen Funktion mit validierten Riech- und Schmecktests
Authors: Göktas Önder , Fräßdorf Susann , Walliczek-Dworschak Ute , Han Pengfei , Hummel Thomas 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungEtwa 5 % der Bevölkerung leiden unter einer funktionellen Anosmie, bei weiteren 15 % ist die Riechfunktion eingeschränkt. Ein Grundpfeiler der Behandlung durch
den HNO-Arzt ist die Beurteilung der chemosensorischen Funktion durch psychophysische Riech- und Schmecktests. Die Verwendung standardisierter validierter
Instrumente ist zwingend erforderlich, um Patienten nach dem neuesten wissenschaftlichen Stand über Therapieverfahren beraten zu können.