bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Collection, Storage and Preparation of Viable Cadaver Marrow for Intravenous Use
Authors: FERREBEE JOSEPH W. , ATKINS LEONARD , LOCHTE HARRY L. , MCFARLAND ROBERT B. , JONES A. RICHARDSON , DAMMIN GUSTAVE J. , THOMAS E. DONNALL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A procedure for collecting and storing viable cadaver marrow in a form suitable for intravenous use is described. Vertebral bone marrow is removed under sterile conditions within a few hours after death. The marrow cells are screened and suspended after centrifugation in an equal volume of a liquid medium consisting of 30 per cent glycerol and 70 per cent human serum and frozen to -80 C. in plastic bags. Suggestions for thawing, deglycerolizing and administering the cells intravenously are given.
On the Erythropoietic Principle in the Blood of Rabbits Made Severely Anemic with Phenylhydrazine
Authors: LOWY PETER H. , KEIGHLEY GEOFFREY , BORSOOK HENRY , GRAYBIEL ASHTON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. An assay for erythropoietic factor is described based on reticulocytosis in normal, adult mice. The advantages of the method are the short time required (4 days), the small amount of test material needed and the facility with which many tests may be run simultaneously.
2. For the measurement of uptake of Fe59 a procedure is described which allows counting of whole dried blood with an end-window Geiger-Müller tube.
3. A procedure is described for preparing highly active erythropoietic filtrates from the boiled plasma of rabbits made severely anemic with phenylhydrazine.
4. Evidence is presented that the ineffectiveness of whole plasma (anemic) on the one hand, and the effectiveness of the filtrate after the plasma is boiled on the other hand, is associated with respective presence and absence of antibody-provoking antigens.
5. A fractionation procedure is described whereby a fraction was obtained which, on the basis of amount of protein, is much more potent than unfractionated plasma filtrate, by tests based on reticulocytosis in mice, uptake of Fe59 in starved rats and polycythemia in normal rats. When this material was subjected to zone electrophoresis two-thirds of its protein and all the activity was found confined to one band. It is noteworthy that the material which gave the positive responses to the three tests has so far remained together in one fraction.
6. Some physical and chemical properties of erythropoietically active plasma fractions are described. So far erythropoietic activity has been inseparable from protein.
7. A number of hormones, vitamins and other growth-promoting materials were tested for erythropoietic activity and were found to be negative by the tests employed.
Effect of Myleran and 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) on the Serum Level of Vitamin B12 in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: DOCTOR V. M. , BERGSAGEL D. E. , SHULLENBERGER C. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Serum vitamin B12 determinations and the total leukocyte counts were made at regular intervals in chronic myelocytic leukemia patients before, during and after therapy with 6-MP or Myleran. The results indicate that a reduction in total leukocytes following therapy is followed by a gradual lowering of serum vitamin B12. The levels of serum vitamin B12 at the completion of therapy may be related to the duration of remission.
A Serum with an Albumin-Active, Autoagglutinating Property
Authors: MOORE B. P. L. , LININS I. , MCINTYRE J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case is reported which possesses an unusually serologic property. The serum agglutinates all cells, including the patient’s own, but only when these are suspended in either human or bovine albumin. It appears to be an acquired and impermanent characteristic, but its etiology is unknown.
The Basophilic Granulocyte
Authors: FREDRICKS ROBERT E. , MOLONEY WILLIAM C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The history, morphology and technics of counting of basophils have been briefly reviewed.
2. A marked relative and absolute increase of basophils was always found in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Moderate relative and absolute increases of basophils usually occurred in myeloid metaplasias (including polycythemia vera with leukocytosis). In some cases of iron-deficiency, hemolytic and toxic anemias of long standing there may be moderate increases of blood basophils.
3. Marked relative and absolute decreases of basophils occurred in almost all cases of neutrophilic leukocytosis or leukemoid reaction, associated with infection, neoplasia, tissue necrosis or acute anemia. Patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia, monocytic leukemia or acute leukemia almost always have relative and absolute decreases of circulating basophils.
4. In our experience there is no evidence that basophils possess any peculiar radioresistant qualities. In general, the basophils fall proportionately with the decline of leukocyte counts during Myleran, P32 and x-ray therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia and myeloid metaplasia. The suppressing action of these therapeutic agents seems to be on the proliferating blast cell.
5. The function of the basophils is not known, but it has been postulated that they might act as "heparinocytes," inhibiting clotting and stasis of blood and lymph in areas of inflammation.
6. There is suggestive evidence that the basophilopenia in cases of infection, neoplasia, tissue necrosis and acute anemia is analogous to the eosinophilopenia of the "stress reaction" mediated via the adrenal glands; however, it must be admitted that this has not been unequivocally established, and other mechanisms may play a role in controlling the levels of circulating basophils.
Inability of Haptoglobin to Bind Myoglobin
Authors: JAVID JAMSHID , FISCHER DAVID S. , SPAET THEODORE H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The old and the current concepts of the renal handling of extracorpuscular plasma Hgb are briefly reviewed.
2. Studies are presented on the starch gel electrophoretic behavior of Mb alone and Mb in serum.
3. It is suggested that Mb is not bound by Hp, known to bind Hgb, and that this constitutes the reason for the "low renal threshold" of Mb as compared to that of Hgb.
Patterns of Hemopoietic Recovery in Irradiated Mice
Authors: SMITH WILLIE W. , MARSTON ROBERT Q. , CORNFIELD JEROME , Alderman Ilo M. , Gillespie Ruth E. , Ruth H. Jeanette 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have demonstrated three distinct patterns of altered hemopoietic recovery in irradiated mice:
1. That seen in mice given isologous hemopoietic cells, in which granulocytes, lymphocytes, hemoglobin and platelets all showed an early recovery The time required for granulocyte and lymphocyte recovery was relatively unaffected by the amount of radiation to which the host was exposed (LD1-99). The time between injection and recovery was also relatively constant.
2. That seen in mice given rat bone marrow, in which only granulocytes and hemoglobin showed an early increase in concentration, with lymphocytes and platelets recovering near the control times.
3. That seen in mice given endotoxin or colchicine prior to irradiation in which the lymphocyte recovery was variable while the granulocytes, hemoglobin and platelets compared favorably with mice given isologous bone marrow.
Relation of Mastocytoma to Mast Cell Leukemia, and of Heparin, Histamine and Serotonin to Mast Cells
Authors: ONO SABURO , ZOMPETTI LENA , HAGEN PAUL , FURTH JACOB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A highly functional, transplantable neoplasm of mast cells is described. It causes solitary slowly growing tumors localized at the site of graft in muscles and subcutaneous tissues.
Mast cell leukemia results when isolated cells are injected intravenously. The blood of mice with mast cell leukemia produces solid mastocytomas when injected intramuscularly.
These and other observations suggest the essential identity of blood and tissue mast cells and suggest that mast cells are an independent cell type with primary residence in tissues outside the hemopoietic organs.
In mastocytomas, heparin, histamine and serotonin are present in great quantities. Some histamine is released and partly excreted in the urine.
In the mast cell leukemias, histamine plasma levels are slightly raised and urine levels are highly elevated.
Plasma heparin values may be slightly raised in mice with mast cell tumors and are greatly increased in mast cell leukemias without a hemorrhagic state.
The liver histamine and heparin values appear to be related to the number of infiltrating mast cells.
The Relationship of Age, Strain and Species to the Reducing Activity of Leukocytes
Authors: YAKAITIS ALBINA ANN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method is presented for studying the reducing activity of leukocytes of mice and rats using 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-)p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride (INT).
Between 48.0 per cent and 83.8 per cent of the leukocytes of young adult mice and between 47.8 per cent and 68.0 per cent of the leukocytes of young rats showed formazan formation.
Infant mice of C3Hf and BALBf strains had appreciably fewer leukocytes with the ability to reduce tetrazolium than did young adults of their respective strains.
Healthy adult mice belonging to the leukemia susceptible AKR strain showed a relatively high degree of leukocytic reduction.
Old mice of the C3Hfstrain showed less formazan formation than young adult animals. This decrease was more marked for the male members of the species.
Distinctive Myeloma Globulins Associated with a New Plasma Cell Neoplasm of Strain C3H Mice
Authors: FAHEY JOHN L. , POTTER MICHAEL , GUTTER FREDERICK J. , DUNN THELMA B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A transmissible plasma-cell neoplasm (5647) accompanied by marked serum protein changes has been described in the mouse. The principal characteristics of this neoplasm and the associated serum protein changes have remained unchanged during two years of observation.
The transplanted neoplasm usually remains confined to the site of implantation. Osteolytic lesions and abnormal cells in the peripheral blood were not seen.
Morphologically the neoplastic cells retain many characteristics of normal plasma-cells, with clumping of the nuclear chromatin, an eccentric nucleus and a clear zone in the basophilic cytoplasm.
Serum electrophoretic analyses revealed a markedly abnormal serum protein pattern. The total serum protein was increased by two to three grams per cent in mice bearing 5647 neoplasms weighing 6 grams or more. Increased amounts of proteins with beta globulin and fast gamma globulin electrophoretic mobility were the most striking electrophoretic findings. These components comprised as much as 35 per cent of the serum proteins in animals with large neoplasms.
Serum ultracentrifugal analyses also demonstrated a markedly abnormal distribution of the serum proteins. Normal mouse serum contains components with sedimentation coefficients (S20,W) of 4, 6.5 and 16 S. Serum of mice bearing neoplasm 5647 contained, in addition to the normal components, proteins with sedimentation coefficients of 9, 11 and 13 S. These serum components, accounting for as much as 20 per cent of the total protein, have been found only with neoplasm 5647.
The quantity of the abnormal serum components seen on electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal analyses was found to increase as the tumor weight increased.
Bence Jones protein was not found in the urine of mice bearing the 5647 neoplasm.
Neoplasm 5647 was found to differ significantly in biologic behavior and in the associated serum protein changes from two other transmissible plasma-cell neoplasms of the mouse (5563 and 70429) which have been under observation in these laboratories.
The mouse plasma-cell neoplasm 5647 resembles in several characteristics the malignant plasmacytomas in man having associated myeloma proteins of beta globulin electrophoretic mobility.
Iron Enzymes in Iron Deficiency. V. Succinic Dehydrogenase in Rat Liver, Kidney and Heart
Authors: BEUTLER ERNEST , BLAISDELL RICHARD K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Manometric determinations of the enzyme succinic dehydrogenase have been carried out on liver, heart and kidneys of iron-deficient and control rats. Even after prolonged, moderately severe iron deficiency, no decrease in enzyme activity of liver homogenates could be demonstrated. However, enzyme depletion could be demonstrated to have occurred in the hearts and kidneys of iron-deficient animals.
Kinetics of Intracellular Iron in Rabbit Reticulocytes
Authors: ALLEN DAVID W. , JANDL JAMES H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The kinetics of the intracellular iron were studied in an invitro system using reticulocyte-rich rabbit red cells incubated with Fe59-labeled plasma. The incubation was stopped at intervals of a few seconds to 70 minutes, and the cells were fractionated by differential centrifugation and by chemical means. In being selectively taken up by reticulocytes, Fe59 is first associated with particulate fractions and then gradually released to the soluble cytoplasm, when the iron is incorporated into hemoglobin and into a transient nonhemoglobin protein phase. The entire process from the initial binding of iron by cell surfaces receptors until the incorporation of iron into hemoglobin requires only 6 to 8 minutes at 37 C. It is probable that in suitable concentrations, lead allows Fe59 to accumulate in stroma but blocks its entry into the nonhemoglobin protein iron phase and into hemoglobin.
The Appearance of Labeled Cells in the Thoracic Duct Lymph of the Guinea Pig after the Administration of Tritiated Thymidine
Authors: EVERETT N. B. , REINHARDT W. O. , YOFFEY J. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Tritium-labeled thymidine was given by either intraperitoneal or intravenous injection to 13 male guinea pigs of approximately 400 Gm. weight.
At times varying from 1 hour to 30 days after the administration of thymidine, thoracic duct lymph was obtained and examined for the presence of labeled cells.
After a single dose of thymidine, a steady stream of labeled lymphocytes, ranging from 2 to 7 per cent of the total cells, enters the blood over the period studied. The intensity of the labeling appears to diminish gradually.
Labeled large and medium lymphocytes were found in the lymph during the first hour. Labeled small lymphocytes began to appear in the fourth hour, in small numbers, and thereafter increased, whereas the proportion of labeled large and medium lymphocytes steadily diminished.
This sequential appearance of large, medium and small lymphocytes is interpreted as indicating the pattern of development of the cell series. The labeled small lymphocytes appearing in the lymph are considered to be newly formed from precursor cells located in the various lymphatic tissues.
A Plasma Coagulation Defect in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Arising from Hypoprothrombinemia Combined with Antiprothrombinase Activity
Authors: RAPAPORT SAMUEL I. , AMES SARA BETH , DUVALL BARBARA J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient has been described with systemic lupus erythematosus and severe bleeding. Her bleeding was associated with a complex plasma coagulation disturbance consisting of profound hypoprothrombinemia plus an anticoagulant active against formed blood and tissue prothrombinase. The problem of the recognition of hypoprothrombinemia in the presence of this type of anticoagulant has been discussed in detail.
An analysis of previously reported cases reveals that our patient’s findings are not unique. It appears that the plasma coagulation disturbances of systemic lupus erythematosus characteristically result from a mixture of anticoagulant activity and true hypoprothrombinemia. In an individual patient one or the other may predominate.
Reticulum Cell Sarcoma Terminating in Acute Leukemia
Authors: ZEFFREN J. LESTER , ULTMANN JOHN E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The records of 113 patients dying at the Francis Delafield Hospital with documented reticulum cell sarcoma revealed six cases whose course terminated in a syndrome resembling acute leukemia. Their course was characterized by weakness, pallor, petechiae, hemorrhages and hepatosplenomegaly. The blood showed anemia, leukocytosis (white blood cell count 20,000 to 80,000/ cu.mm.) and thrombocytopenia (platelet count [unknown] 100,000/cu.mm.). Differential count in the blood and the bone marrow revealed a high percentage of immature cells (35 to 96 per cent). These were identified as reticulum cells in three patients, as myeloblasts in two and as monocytoid granulocytes in one. In all six patients, this explosive illness terminated in systemic infection or hemorrhage within two months. Therapy with 6-mercaptopurine, adrenal steroids, or both, gave no benefit.
Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man. II. Studies of Leukemic Cells
Authors: SMITH LLOYD H. , BAKER FAITH A. , SULLIVAN MARGARET 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The activities of three enzymes involved in pyrimidine synthesis— aspartate carbamyltransferase, dihydro-orotase and dihydro-orotic dehydrogenase—were studied in sonicates of circulating leukocytes from 5 patients with myelocytic leukemia, 2 with lymphocytic leukemia, 2 with myeloproliferative disorders and 5 with infection. The erythrocytes from one patient with the Di Guglielmo syndrome were studied.
2. Neoplastic cells showed increased activities of all three enzymes tending to parallel the cytologic evidence of immaturity. The increase of dihydroorotic dehydrogenase was the most striking abnormality. Leukocytes from patients with infection or with myeloproliferative disorders showed similar but much less marked alterations in the enzyme pattern.
3. Dihydro-orotic dehydrogenase, absent from mature erythrocytes, was present in the nucleated erythrocytes in the Di Guglielmo syndrome.
4. The enzyme 5 carboxymethylhydantoinase, previously found in some bacteria, was absent from normal and abnormal hemic cells.
The Preparation of Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent (PTA) and its Assay with Purified Clotting Components
Authors: GALLICK HAROLD , HYNDMAN L. A. , MCCALL K. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
By replacing the three crude reagents commonly used in thromboplastin generation tests—washed platelets, barium sulfate- or alumina-adsorbed plasma, and serum—with purified clotting factors, many variables and uncertainties were eliminated. It was demonstrated that plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) was required for the generation of thromboplastic activity.
A method was developed for the preparation of purified PTA from fraction IV-1 of human plasma. Its identity was established by its ability to correct, in vitro, the defect in the plasma of a PTA-deficient patient. Thus, further evidence in support of the belief that PTA is a discrete component, essential for blood coagulation, was obtained. More specifically, it was found to be essential in the generation of thromboplastic activity in plasma.
A test system for thromboplastin generation was described which was used to assay PTA in vitro and which did not require the use of PTA-deficient plasma or serum. Omission of any one of the components of this system resulted in a marked loss of thromboplastic activity; restoration of activity was proportional to the amount of the component that was added. Thus, with this system of purified components, it was possible to assay any one of them without the use of, or requirement for, plasma or serum specimens from patients with specific coagulation deficiencies.
An Electron Microscope Study of the Source and Distribution of Ferritin in Hepatic Parenchymal Cells of the Newborn Rabbit
Authors: HAMPTON JAMES C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Evidence that erythrocytes are phagocytized and dismantled by hepatic parenchymal cells in the newborn rabbit is presented. It is concluded that in these cells iron is recovered from disintegrating erythrocytes, synthesized into ferritin and released into the hepatic cell cytoplasm and into the biliary passages. These conclusions are based upon observations on the distribution of material giving the Prussian blue reaction in sections of liver as revealed by the light microscope and upon electron microscopic images of particles displaying the size, density and configuration of the ferritin molecule.
The Hemoglobin E Syndromes. II. Sickle-Cell—Hemoglobin E Disease
Authors: AKSOY MUZAFFER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A clinical and hematologic description is presented of a patient with sickle-cell-hemoglobin E disease in a new family. In contrast to the mild hematologic and clinical changes observed in the patients described by the author previously, the clinical and hematologic manifestations in the new patient were moderate in degree. The anemia was normocytic in type. Variation in the clinical and hematologic picture of sickle cell-hemoglobin E disease has been noted.
2. Genetic studies of two families with sickle-cell-hemoglobin E disease have been presented. According to the genetic data obtained by evaluation of the genealogies of these two families, it is strongly suggested that the genes responsible for hemoglobins S, E and A are allelomorphs or linked.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Hypogammaglobulinemia and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia— An Experiment of Nature
Authors: PISCIOTTA ANTHONY V. , JERMAIN LOUIS F. , HINZ JEAN E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The case study is presented of a 75 year old man who had chronic lymphatic leukemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hypogammaglobulinemia. The positive antiglobulin reaction with serum made from gamma globulin and the neutralization of the antiglobulin reaction with human gamma globulin demonstrated that this patient’s erythrocytes were coated with gamma globulin.
2. There was a normal survival time of I131-labeled normal human gamma globulin, suggesting defective synthesis of gamma globulin. Failure to demonstrate radioactivity on the patient’s erythrocytes when I131-labeled normal gamma globulin was given signified that normal human gamma globulin has no affinity in vivo for the patient’s red cells and that the erythrocyte-coating protein was derived from a source endogenous to the patient.
3. These relationships favor an immunologic mechanism in the development of an antiglobulin reaction in this patient.
Radioactive Iron Studies in Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia with Concurrent Abnormal Hemolysis
Authors: VERLOOP M. C. , VAN DER WOLK M. , HEIER A. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A report is presented on two women suffering from severe iron deficiency anemia, concomitant with abnormal hemolysis. The life span of the patients’ red cells was shortened; transfused normal red cells were more rapidly broken down. Extracorpuscular factors seem to be responsible for the pathologic hemolysis. There was no pathologic sequestration of red cells labeled with Cr51 in the spleen.
After incorporation of radioactive iron into the red cells, the utilization percentage of Fe59 under iron therapy fell to about 15 per cent within a few weeks. This, too, indicates that the pathologic hemolysis was to be ascribed to extracorpuscular factors. The Fe59 was apparently not sufficiently reutilized. The constantly decreased serum iron concentration might also indicate a disturbance in the reutilization of iron liberated during red cell breakdown.
Six other patients with less severe iron deficiency anemia and an insufficient response to iron therapy were examined in addition. In 5 of these patients, the life span of red cells labeled with radioactive chromium was found shorter than normal. An insufficient response to iron therapy in patients with chronic iron deficiency anemia may be ascribable, in some instances, to concomitant pathologic hemolysis.