bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Stable and Long‐Circulating Metal‐Organic Frameworks Nanoprobes for Sensitive Tumor Detection In Vivo
Authors: Zhang Ruili , Qiao Chaoqiang , Jia Qian , Wang Yongdong , Huang Huimin , Chang Wanwan , Wang He , Zhang Hao , Wang Zhongliang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh stability and extended circulation time in vivo are quite favorable for practical biomedical applications of nanomaterials, because they greatly facilitate the preferential tumor accumulation of nanomaterials, resulting in enhanced signal fidelity for imaging and improved therapeutic effect for treatment. Although many surface modification approaches have been employed to improve the stability and circulating behavior of nanomaterials, it still remains challenging in acquiring stable and long‐lasting nanomaterials for in vivo bioimaging and therapy, especially for nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (NMOFs) due to their intrinsic instability in physiological conditions. Herein, a facile, one‐step strategy is reported to encapsulate the zirconium (Zr)‐based NMOF UiO‐66 within 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphate (DOPA) lipid bilayer (DOPA‐LB). Contrary to UiO‐66 NMOFs functionalized with polyethylene glycol, the obtained UiO‐66@DOPA‐LB presents significantly enhanced stability and impressive blood circulation time, allowing a higher accumulation of UiO‐66@DOPA‐LB in the tumor tissue. Benefited from these meritorious features, UiO‐66@DOPA‐LB labeled with near‐infrared dye, IRDye 800CW, can not only achieve highly sensitive imaging of breast cancer tumor (5 mm), but also exhibits superior capability for early tumor (1–2 mm) detection. This study enriches the surface modification approach of NMOFs, and is of great importance for practical application of NMOFs in biomedical areas.
2D V‐V Binary Materials: Status and Challenges
Authors: Guo Shiying , Zhang Yupeng , Ge Yanqi , Zhang Shengli , Zeng Haibo , Zhang Han 
Published: August 2019

Abstract2D phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene, and bismuthene, as a fast‐growing family of 2D monoelemental materials, have attracted enormous interest in the scientific community owing to their intriguing structures and extraordinary electronic properties. Tuning the monoelemental crystals into bielemental ones between group‐VA elements is able to preserve their advantages of unique structures, modulate their properties, and further expand their multifunctional applications. Herein, a review of the historical work is provided for both theoretical predictions and experimental advances of 2D V‐V binary materials. Their various intriguing electronic properties are discussed, including band structure, carrier mobility, Rashba effect, and topological state. An emphasis is also given to their progress in fabricated approaches and potential applications. Finally, a detailed presentation on the opportunities and challenges in the future development of 2D V‐V binary materials is given.
Making a Cool Choice: The Materials Library of Magnetic Refrigeration
Authors: Gottschall Tino , Skokov Konstantin P. , Fries Maximilian , Taubel Andreas , Radulov Iliya , Scheibel Franziska , Benke Dimitri , Riegg Stefan , Gutfleisch Oliver 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe phase‐down scenario of conventional refrigerants used in gas–vapor compressors and the demand for environmentally friendly and efficient cooling make the search for alternative technologies more important than ever. Magnetic refrigeration utilizing the magnetocaloric effect of magnetic materials could be that alternative. However, there are still several challenges to be overcome before having devices that are competitive with those based on the conventional gas–vapor technology. In this paper a rigorous assessment of the most relevant examples of 14 different magnetocaloric material families is presented and those are compared in terms of their adiabatic temperature and isothermal entropy change under cycling in magnetic‐field changes of 1 and 2 T, criticality aspects, and the amount of heat that they can transfer per cycle. The work is based on magnetic, direct thermometric, and calorimetric measurements made under similar conditions and in the same devices. Such a wide‐ranging study has not been carried out before. This data sets the basis for more advanced modeling and machine learning approaches in the near future.
Adams–Oliver syndrome caused by mutations of the EOGT gene
Authors: Schröder Kim C. , Duman Duygu , Tekin Mustafa , Schanze Denny , Sukalo Maja , Meester Josephina , Wuyts Wim , Zenker Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdams–Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and terminal transverse limb defects (TTLD). It shows significant genetic heterogeneity and can be transmitted by autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance. Recessive inheritance is associated with mutations of DOCK6 or EOGT; however, only few cases have been published so far. We present two families with EOGT‐associated AOS. Due to pseudodominance in one family, the recognition of the recessive inheritance pattern was difficult. We identified two novel AOS‐causing mutations (c.404G>A/p.Cys135Tyr and c.311+1G>T). The phenotype in the presented families was dominated by large ACC, whereas TTLD were mostly subtle or even absent and no major malformations occured. Our observations along with the previously published cases indicate that the two types of recessive AOS (EOGT‐ vs. DOCK6‐associated) differ significanty regarding the frequency of neurologic or ocular deficits.
Successful use of flexible silicone mesh for management of prolonged open abdomen
Authors: Tsutsumi Ryosuke , Akahoshi Tomohiko , Ikeda Tetsuo , Maehara Yoshihiko , Hashizume Makoto 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundOpen abdomen management (OAM) is used not only for trauma but also for treatment of peritonitis. However, the rate of successful fascial closure in patients with OAM remains low.Case PresentationThe patient was a 38‐year‐old morbidly obese man who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Twenty days after surgery, postoperative leakage resulted in panperitonitis. In this case, we undertook drainage by open laparotomy. The patient's status was generally unstable and he was treated with OAM. We used flexible silicone mesh as the dressing material for negative‐pressure wound therapy. Open abdominal management continued until status improvement (32 days). Fascial closure was eventually successful because of good granulation growth.ConclusionWhen combined with negative‐pressure wound therapy, silicone mesh prevents wound adhesions and infection after surgery. Silicone mesh is useful for patients with increased risk of infection, such as those with diffuse peritonitis.
Asset Management Best Practices: Keeping Ahead of the Curve
Authors: Fodchuk Mark , Garaci Mike 
Published: August 2019

Key TakeawaysImpending legislation is driving Canadian utilities to take a proactive stance on their asset management plans.Seven Canadian utilities shared their strategies and best practices for evaluating, fixing, and managing pipeline assets.It's important for utilities to establish a comprehensive, forward‐thinking asset management framework that includes structured data collection and management.
Advances in the treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: A review
Authors: Gertz Morie A. , Mauermann Michelle L. , Grogan Martha , Coelho Teresa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionAmyloid transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is a progressive and often fatal disease caused by the buildup of mutated (hereditary ATTR [hATTR]; also known as ATTR variant [ATTRv]) or normal transthyretin (wild‐type ATTR) throughout the body. Two new therapies—inotersen, an antisense oligonucleotide therapy, and patisiran, an RNA interference therapy—received marketing authorization and represent a significant advance in the treatment of amyloidosis. Herein, we describe the clinical presentation of ATTR, commonly used procedures in its diagnosis, and current treatment landscape for ATTR, with a focus on hATTR.MethodsA PubMed search from 2008 to September 2018 was conducted to review the literature on ATTR.ResultsUntil recently, there have been few treatment options for polyneuropathy of hATTR. Inotersen and patisiran substantially reduce the amyloidogenic precursor protein transthyretin and have demonstrated efficacy in patients with early‐ and late‐stage disease and in slowing or improving neuropathy progression. In contrast, established therapies, such as liver transplantation, typically reserved for patients with early‐stage disease, and tafamidis, indicated for the treatment of early‐stage disease in Europe, or diflunisal, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug that is used off‐label, are associated with side effects and/or unclear efficacy in certain patient populations. Thus, inotersen and patisiran are positioned to be the preferred therapeutic modalities.ConclusionsImportant differences between inotersen and patisiran, including formulation, dosing, requirements for premedications, and safety monitoring, require an understanding and knowledge of each treatment for informed decision making.
“Dial‐In” Emission from a Unique Flexible Material with Polarization Tuneable Spectral Intensity
Authors: Kumar Rajan , Ray Subir Kumar , Mukherjee Saikat , Saha Sudipta , Bag Arijit , Ghorai Pradip Kr. , Ghosh Nirmalya , Shunmugam Raja 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe development of organic photoluminescent materials, which show promising roles as catalysts, sensors, organic light‐emitting diodes, logic gates, etc., is a major demand and challenge for the global scientific community. In this context, a photoclick polymerization method is adopted for the growth of a unique photoluminescent three‐dimensional (3D) polymer film, E, as a model system that shows emission tunability over the range 350–650 nm against the excitation range 295–425 nm. The DFT analysis of energy calculations and π‐stacking supports the spectroscopic observations for the material exhibiting a broad range of emission owing to newly formed chromophoric units within the film. Full polarization spectroscopic Mueller matrix studies were employed to extract and quantify the molecular orientational order of both the ground (excitation) and excited (emission) state anisotropies through a set of newly defined parameters, namely the fluorescence diattenuation and fluorescence polarizance. The information contained in the recorded fluorescence Mueller matrix of the organic polymer material provided a useful way to control the spectral intensity of emission by using pre‐ and post‐selection of polarization states. The observation was based on the assumption that the longer lifetime of the excited dipolar orientation is attributed to the compactness of the film.
Adsorption of Acetate on Au(111): An in‐situ Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Study and Implications on Formic Acid Electrooxidation
Authors: Abdelrahman Areeg , Hermann Johannes M. , Jacob Timo , Kibler Ludwig A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe adsorption of acetate on an Au(111) electrode surface in contact with acetic acid at pH 2.7 was imaged in‐situ using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Two different ordered structures were imaged for acetate adsorbed in the bidentate configuration on the unreconstructed
surface at 0.95 V (vs. the saturated calomel electrode, SCE). The first structure,
, is metastable and transforms at constant potential within 20 minutes to a
structure, which is thermodynamically more favourable. The
acetate adlayer starts to form at step edges and propagates via nucleation and growth onto terraces. The findings from in‐situ STM are in agreement with the electrochemical behaviour of acetate on Au(111) characterized by voltammetry. A comparison is made with formate adsorption on Au(111). While acetate is not reactive, in contrast to formate, it can act as a spectator species in formic acid electrooxidation.
Synthesis of N2‐Aryl‐2′‐Deoxyguanosine Modified Phosphoramidites and Oligonucleotides
Authors: Ghodke Pratibha P. , Pradeepkumar P. I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe N2‐position of 2′‐deoxyguanosine (N2‐position in dG) is well known for forming carcinogenic minor groove DNA adducts, which originate from environmental pollutants, chemicals, and tobacco smoke. The N2‐dG DNA adducts have strong implications on biological processes such as DNA replication and repair and may, therefore, result in genomic instability by generating mutations or even cell death. It is crucial to know the role of DNA polymerases when they encounter the N2‐dG damaged site in DNA. To get detailed insights on the in vitro DNA damage tolerance or bypass mechanism, there is a need to synthetically access N2‐dG damaged DNAs. This article describes a detailed protocol of the synthesis of N2‐aryl‐dG modified nucleotides using the Buchwald‐Hartwig reaction as a main step and incorporation of the modified nucleotides into DNA. In Basic Protocol 1, we focused on the synthesis of five different N2‐dG modified phosphoramidites with varying bulkiness (benzyl to pyrenyl). Basic Protocol 2 describes the details of synthesizing N2‐dG modified oligonucleotides employing the standard solid phase synthesis protocol. This strategy provides robust synthetic access to various modifications at the N2‐position of dG; the modified dGs serve as good substrates to study translesion synthesis and repair pathways. Overall data presented in this article are based on earlier published reports. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assembly and Application of a Three‐Dimensional Human Corneal Tissue Model
Authors: McKay Tina B. , Ford Andrew , Wang Siran , Cairns Dana M. , Parker Rachael N. , Deardorff Phillip M. , Ghezzi Chiara E. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe cornea provides a functional barrier separating the outside environment from the intraocular environment, thereby protecting posterior segments of the eye from infection and damage. Pathological changes that compromise the structure or integrity of the cornea may occur as a result of injury or disease and can lead to debilitating effects on visual acuity. Over 10 million people worldwide are visually impaired or blind due to corneal opacity. Thus, physiologically relevant in vitro approaches to predict corneal toxicity of chemicals or effective treatments for disease prior to ocular exposure, as well as to study the corneal effects of systemic, chronic conditions, such as diabetes, are needed to reduce use of animal testing and accelerate therapeutic development. We have previously bioengineered an innervated corneal tissue model using silk protein scaffolds to recapitulate the structural and mechanical elements of the anterior cornea and to model the functional aspects of corneal sensation with the inclusion of epithelial, stromal, and neural components. The purpose of this unit is to provide a step‐by‐step guide for preparation, assembly, and application of this three‐dimensional corneal tissue system to enable the study of corneal tissue biology. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The influence of movement on the occupancy–density relationship at small spatial scales
Authors: Rogan Matthew S. , Balme Guy A. , Distiller Greg , Pitman Ross T. , Broadfield Joleen , Mann Gareth K. H. , Whittington‐Jones Gareth M. , Thomas Lisa H. , O'Riain M. Justin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe global decline of large carnivores demands effective and efficient methods to monitor population status, particularly using non‐invasive methods. Density is among the most useful metrics of population status because it is directly comparable across space and time. Unfortunately, density is difficult to measure reliably, especially for mobile, cryptic species. Recently, efforts have turned to approximating density based on its relationship to more readily estimable indices of occurrence. However, the relationship between density and such indices is contingent on several key assumptions that field studies often violate. Recent research has shown that these relationships are unreliable where sampling units are not independent, as is often the case when estimating density or occurrence of large carnivores. Here, we use the largest data set thus far collected for leopards (Panthera pardus)—88 camera‐trap surveys undertaken in 24 protected areas between 2013 and 2018—to explore how density and other population characteristics relate to parameter estimates in occupancy and Royle–Nichols abundance models. We show how home‐range size confounds underlying relationships, with larger home ranges inflating the proportion of area used (PAU) and resulting in double counting in abundance models. Relativizing estimates of occupancy and abundance by home‐range size improved their relationship with density, but the relationship remained weak and largely uninformative for management. Our findings illustrate the pitfalls of using the PAU or abundance as implicit proxies for density and highlight the challenges of assessing population status for wide‐ranging, cryptic species across fragmented landscapes.
Den‐site characteristics and selection by brown bears (Ursus arctos) in the central Brooks Range of Alaska
Authors: Sorum Mathew S. , Joly Kyle , Wells Adam G. , Cameron Matthew D. , Hilderbrand Grant V. , Gustine David D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSelection and use of dens is a critical behavioral adaption of bears (Ursus spp.) to survive extended periods of resource limitation. We analyzed selection of den sites by brown bears (Ursus arctos) in an arctic montane environment from 2014 to 2017. We used GPS data from 51 instrumented bears to physically locate, identify, and describe den sites (n = 33) and to quantitatively model the selection of denning habitat (n = 65 dens over 3 yr). We conducted an analysis of den‐site selection at the home range (third order) scale using variables describing topographic, vegetative, and spatially‐explicit fish and wildlife models. We hypothesized four main factors influence den‐site selection by brown bears: (1) physiography, (2) proximity to food resources, (3) thermal insulation, and (4) den‐area fidelity. We used kernel density estimates to define space use and conditional logistic regression to estimate den selection within individual home ranges. Brown bears selected den sites on steep slopes (>31°) with high snow load potential near their previously used den site. Our results supported our hypothesis that den selection by brown bears was related to thermal insulation, structural stability, drainage, and den‐area fidelity.
Nanomaterial‐based Sensors for the Study of DNA Interaction with Drugs
Authors: De la Cruz Morales K. , Alarcón‐Angeles G. , Merkoçi A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe interaction of drugs with DNA has been searched thoroughly giving rise to an endless number of findings of undoubted importance, such as a prompt alert to harmful substances, ability to explain most of the biological mechanisms, or provision of important clues in targeted development of novel chemotherapeutics. The existence of some drugs that induce oxidative damage is an increasing point of concern as they can cause cellular death, aging, and are closely related to the development of many diseases. Because of a direct correlation between the response, strength/ nature of the interaction and the pharmaceutical action of DNA‐targeted drugs, the electrochemical analysis is based on the signals of DNA before and after the interaction with the DNA‐targeted drug. Nowadays, nanoscale materials are used extensively for offering fascinating characteristics that can be used in designing new strategies for drug‐DNA interaction detection. This work presents a review of nanomaterials (NMs) for the study of drug‐nucleic acid interaction. We summarize types of drug‐DNA interactions, electroanalytical techniques for evidencing these interactions and quantification of drug and/or DNA monitoring.
Effect of Harvesting Time on Volatile Compounds Composition of Bergamot (Citrus × Bergamia) Essential Oil
Authors: Marzocchi Silvia , Baldi Elena , Crucitti Maria Cristina , Toselli Moreno , Caboni Maria Fiorenza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBergamot (Citrus × bergamia) is mainly cultivated in Calabria area (Italy) for its essential oil that is widely used in cosmetics, food and medicine. The harvest season (November to February) affects the quality of essential oil, consequently the aim of our study was to evaluate the composition of volatile fractions at different harvesting stages. Two different cultivars, Femminello and Fantastico, were collected in November, December and January and their volatile compounds composition was determined by SPME GC/MS. Fourty‐two compounds were identified. Monoterpenes were the preponderant group; limonene was the most representative compound with similar concentrations in the varieties and at the three harvesting times. β‐Ocimene, β‐mircene and α‐terpinene showed higher concentration in Femminello than Fantastico, while trans‐α‐bergamotene, α‐pinene and citronellal were mostly concentrated in Fantastico. The concentration of β‐pinene in Fantastico and Femminello was higher in December and January, respectively, and γ‐terpinene concentration was higher in Femminello in November and January and in Fantastico in December. Linalool was the most preponderant monoterpene alcohol with a significantly higher concentration in Femminello than in Fantastico, but without significant differences during ripening. cis‐γ‐Bisabolene was the most preponderant sesquiterpene; it was more concentrated in Fantastico than in Femminello and showed a significantly higher concentration in December and January than in November. Linalyl and neryl acetate were the most abundant esters, with a significantly higher concentration in Fantastico. Fantastico seems to be the variety that produces higher volatile organic compounds in essential oil; moreover, the volatile compound concentration was higher at the second and third harvest time.
Microscopic tumor invasion of contralateral mucosa in cancer involving unilateral septum
Authors: Nyquist Gurston , Chitguppi Chandala , Keane Allison , Reilly Erin , Koszewski Ian , Mollaee Mehri , Rangarajan Sanjeet , Rabinowitz Mindy , Rosen Marc , Tuluc Madalina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreservation of contralateral mucosa with microscopic tumor invasion in unilateral septal involvement increases the recurrence risk. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk of invasion of contralateral mucosa in unilateral septal involvement of cancer and to risk stratify patients.MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients with histologically proven malignancy with unilateral septal involvement and absence of gross septal tumor involvement on the contralateral side were included.ResultsAmong 40 patients, majority (55%) belonged to sixth and seventh decade. The most common type was squamous cell carcinoma (63%). Approximately one‐fourth (23%) showed microscopic contralateral invasion. Females (OR 12; 95% CI 2.01‐71.35) and patients with septal bone invasion (OR 28.5; CI 3.35‐242.0) had a higher risk of developing contralateral mucosal invasion.ConclusionComplete resection of contralateral mucosa is preferred in areas along the bony septum. When complete resection is not performed, intraoperative frozen section is strongly recommended.