bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body image predictors of depressive symptoms in adolescence
Authors: Murray Kristen , Rieger Elizabeth , Byrne Don 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionDepression rises significantly in adolescence, with females reporting twice the prevalence of males into adulthood. In accordance with cognitive vulnerability theories, eating and weight‐related disturbances have been implicated in this increase, but a broader assessment of body image constructs within this framework is needed.MethodsThe current prospective study examined body importance, body dissatisfaction, and body change strategies to lose weight and increase muscularity as predictors of depressive symptoms over one year in N = 298 adolescents in Canberra, Australia (at Time 2, the sample comprised n = 161 female adolescents, Mage = 15.36 years, SD = 1.10; n = 137 male adolescents, Mage = 15.54 years, SD = 1.15). The moderating role of sex was also assessed.Results & conclusionsResults revealed that body importance and body change strategies to increase muscularity explained significant variance in depressive symptoms beyond baseline covariates of depressive symptoms and stress, with the effect of body importance relevant in female but not male adolescents. The findings support the use of more comprehensive assessments of body image constructs to inform cognitive vulnerability theories of adolescent depression, and corresponding prevention and intervention programs.
Parasite and host biomass and reproductive output in barnacle populations in the rocky intertidal zone
Authors: Fong Caitlin R. , Kuris Armand M. , Hechinger Ryan F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe rocky intertidal zone has a long history of ecological study with barnacles frequently serving as a model system to explore foundational theories. Parasites are often ignored in community ecology studies, and this particularly holds for true for the rocky intertidal zone. We explore the role of the isopod parasite,Hemioniscus balani, on its host, the acorn barnacle,Chthamalus fissus.We use the currencies of biomass and reproduction measured at the individual level, then applied to the population level, to evaluate the importance of this parasite to barnacle populations. We foundH. balanican comprise substantial biomass in ‘apparent’ barnacle populations, sometimes even equaling barnacle biomass. Additionally, parasite reproduction sometimes matched barnacle reproduction. Thus, parasites divert substantial energy flow from the barnacle population and to near-shore communities in the form of parasite larvae. Parasites appeared to decrease barnacle reproduction per area. Potentially, this parasite may control barnacle populations, depending on the extent to which heavily infected barnacle populations contribute to barnacle populations at larger scales. These findings regarding the importance of a particular parasite for host population dynamics in this well studied ecosystem call for the integration of disease dynamics into community ecological studies of the rocky intertidal zone.
The Impact of Cash Transfers: A Review of the Evidence from Low- and Middle-income Countries
Authors: BASTAGLI FRANCESCA , HAGEN-ZANKER JESSICA , HARMAN LUKE , BARCA VALENTINA , STURGE GEORGINA , SCHMIDT TANJA 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article presents the findings of a review of the impact of non-contributory cash transfers on individuals and households in low- and middle-income countries, covering the literature of 15 years, from 2000 to 2015. Based on evidence extracted from 165 studies, retrieved through a systematic search and screening process, this article discusses the impact of cash transfers on 35 indicators covering six outcome areas: monetary poverty; education; health and nutrition; savings, investment and production; work; and empowerment. For most of the studies, cash transfers contributed to progress in the selected indicators in the direction intended by policymakers. Despite variations in the size and strength of the underlying evidence base by outcome and indicator, this finding is consistent across all outcome areas. The article also investigates unintended effects of cash transfer receipt, such as potential reductions in adult work effort and increased fertility, finding limited evidence for such unintended effects. Finally, the article highlights gaps in the evidence base and areas which would benefit from additional future research.
The Anglo-Indian Architect Walter Sykes George (1881–1962): a Modernist Follower of Lutyens
Authors: Butler Richard 
Published: October 2018

[Lutyens’s system of proportion] began the link between us, by a chance action of mine, within the first year of my meeting him. He would never discuss it. It was intensely personal to him. [… He once] spoke to a group of students. One asked ‘What is proportion?’ and he answered ‘God’.(Walter Sykes George to Hope Bagenal, January 1959)Walter Sykes George (1881–1962) (Fig. 1) was a remarkable Anglo-Indian architect. Obituaries in Indian and British journals cast him as a ‘Renaissance’ man: an artist, Byzantine archaeologist, architect, town planner, philosopher, historian, public intellectual, humanist, Modernist, even an Indian nationalist. He features prominently in one recent history of modern architecture in India, a rare accolade for an ‘Anglo-Indian’ architect — an architect born in Britain who practised and lived for much of his life in India.
Non-Aligned Architecture: China’s Designs on and in Ghana and Guinea, 1955-92
Authors: Roskam Cole 
Published: October 2018

The current international attention devoted to contemporary Chinese-financed and constructed development in Africa has tended to obscure complex and multivalent histories of the relationships between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and numerous African nations; and many of these histories date back decades. The ideological origins behind socialist China’s engagement with Africa, and the geopolitical dynamics that continue to propel them forward, trace back to the time of Chairman Mao Zedong, who first coined the term ‘intermediate zone’ in 1946 to position the vast expanse of contested territories and undecided loyalties existing between the ideological poles of the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II. Nine years later (1955), at the first Non-Aligned Movement conference held in Bandung, Indonesia, Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai declared thatever since modern times most of the countries of Asia and Africa in varying degrees have been subjected to colonial plunder and oppression, and have thus been forced to remain in a stagnant state of poverty and backwardness […]. We need to develop our countries independently with no outside interference and in accordance with the will of the people.
Drawing from an Indigenous Tradition? George Gilbert Scott’s First Design for Christchurch Cathedral, 1861-62
Authors: Skinner Robin 
Published: October 2018

In 1861 Scott designed an innovative hybrid for Christchurch Cathedral, New Zealand, combining a stone exterior with an independent wooden interior, at once expression of the primitive ruggedness of what he imagined to be the Maori wood tradition and an experimental response for this earthquake-prone colony.Commissioning George Gilbert Scott (1811-78) to design a cathedral for the relatively new settlement at Christchurch, in the province of Canterbury, New Zealand, was an ambitious undertaking by a predominantly Anglican community that had been established only eleven years earlier. The cathedral, which was constructed between late 1864 and 1904, was a conventional stone building, designed by Scott and executed locally by B. W. Mountfort. However, in an unusually experimental move, Scott had earlier proposed a structure that incorporated a stone exterior with an interior frame made of a series of high piers of New Zealand native timber, each almost 50 feet tall. The dramatic interior of this proposal referenced a wide variety of timber- and church-building traditions; had it been constructed, its tall wooden structure would have been ‘unique amongst colonial cathedrals’. After examining previously discussed sources for his design, this paper speculates upon further influences, testing — in particular — Barry Bergdoll’s assertion that the design was an expression of the ‘primitive ruggedness’ that Scott imagined derived from Maori work in wood, examples of which had been known in Europe since the 1770s.
Against ‘Churchianity’: Edmund Anscombe’s Suburban Church Designs
Authors: McCarthy Christine 
Published: October 2018

Edmund Anscombe (1874-1948) was an important New Zealand architect, well known for his design of the 1925 New Zealand and South Seas International Exhibition (Logan Park, Dunedin) and the 1940 New Zealand Centennial Exhibition (Rongotai, Wellington), as well as for his art deco buildings in Hawkes Bay (especially Hastings), and in Wellington.This article explores Anscombe’s contribution to New Zealand’s early twentieth-century church design by presenting new archival research and examining his distinctive use of secular imagery, notably the architectures of the house and schoolhouse. The article locates these designs simultaneously within traditions of Nonconformist architecture and within a Victorian interest in the home as productively informing a spiritual understanding of church building. While some architectural examples of this thinking were apparent in late nineteenth-century America, there are no other known examples in New Zealand. Anscombe’s use of this secular and domestic imagery in his church design enabled fashionable and theologically-informed architectures to co-exist.
Industry use of ‘better-for-you’ features on labels of sugar-containing beverages
Authors: Brownbill Aimee L , Miller Caroline L , Braunack-Mayer Annette J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the ways in which sugar-containing beverages are being portrayed as ‘better-for-you’ (BFY) via features on product labels.DesignCross-sectional audit of beverage labels.SettingAdelaide, Australia. Data on beverage labels were collected from seventeen grocery stores during September to November 2016.SubjectsThe content of 945 sugar-containing beverages labels were analysed for explicit and implicit features positioning them as healthy or BFY.ResultsThe mean sugar content of beverages was high at 8·3 g/100 ml and most sugar-containing beverages (87·7 %) displayed features that position them as BFY. This was most commonly achieved by indicating the beverages are natural (76·8 %), or contain reduced or natural energy/sugar content (48·4 %), or through suggesting that they contribute to meeting bodily needs for nutrition (28·9 %) or health (15·1 %). Features positioning beverages as BFY were more common among certain categories of beverages, namely coconut waters, iced teas, sports drinks and juices.ConclusionsA large proportion of sugar-containing beverages use features on labels that position them as healthy or BFY despite containing high amounts of sugar.
Revisiting the spore assemblages from the Lower Devonian Posongchong Formation of Wenshan, Yunnan Province, southwestern China
Authors: Cascales-Miñana B. , Xue J. Z. , Rial G. , Gerrienne P. , Huang P. , Steemans P. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe Lower Devonian Posongchong Formation (Wenshan, Yunnan Province, southwestern China) consists of a series of continental deposits with an outstanding plant megafossil diversity. More than 20 years ago, this formation was interpreted as ‘Siegenian' (∼Pragian) in age based on palynology. However, such interpretation needs further evidence because of the known differences between the dispersed spore assemblages from South China and Euramerica/northwestern Gondwana. Here, we present new dispersed spore assemblages recently recovered from the Posongchong Formation. The isolated spore diversity is highly diverse, with 18 genera and 32 species. The recognised taxa include, among others, Ambitisporites avitus, Aneurospora conica, Aneurospora posongchongensis sp. nov., Aneurospora xujiachongensis, Apiculiretusispora plicata, Archaeozonotriletes chulus, Concentricosisporites agradabilis, Dibolisporites echinaceus, Emphanisporites rotatus, Gneudnaspora divellomedia, Latosporites ovalis, Retusotriletes triangulatus, Tetrahedraletes medinensis and Verrucosporites polygonalis, with Aneurospora and Retusotriletes being the most abundant forms. The known Posongchong palynoflora (previous spore data included) suggests that the Posongchong Formation assemblages can be correlated with the Pragian interval of the polygonalis–wetteldorfensis Oppel Zone (PoW). This age determination is supported by the presence of index species of PoW, such as Verrucosporites polygonalis, Dictyotriletes subgranifer and Camarozonotriletes parvus (sensu Steemans, 1989), the latter being known only from the Pragian of Belgium and Germany. Recent advances in the study of the marine faunas in the overlying sequences also indicate a Pragian age for the Posongchong Formation. This new investigation of the Posongchong palynoflora highlights differences of abundance at species level between the Gondwanan–Laurussian floras during the Early Devonian.
Synoptic Circulation Impact on the Near‐Surface Temperature Difference Outweighs That of the Seasonal Signal in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Lensky Itamar M. , Dayan Uri , Helman David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNear‐surface temperature difference (i.e., the difference between land surface skin and 2‐m air temperatures—ΔT) drives numerous ecological and biophysical processes on Earth, constituting an essential parameter in process‐based Earth System Modeling. ΔT is known to be governed by factors like incoming solar radiation and wind, which vary according to synoptic‐scale circulation via horizontal pressure gradient and cloud cover. ΔT is also affected by land surface characteristics and vegetation dynamics. Here we assess the role of seasonality, synoptic‐scale circulation, and vegetation dynamics, using satellite normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and latent heat estimates, on the ΔT in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM). ΔT was calculated using land surface temperatures derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and air temperatures measured at 94 meteorological stations in the EM for 2006–2010. The effect of circulation on ΔT is demonstrated for four synoptic categories covering all seasons, showing that the influence of synoptic‐scale circulation may be sometimes stronger than that of the seasonal signal in this region. ΔT showed negative relationships with NDVI indicating that vegetation is attenuating the near ground temperature difference, with a gradual effect increasing from southern drylands to the more humid northern vegetated areas in the EM. The relationship between ΔT and NDVI was stronger for specific synoptic classes than for seasonal division, implying the combined role of vegetation cover dynamics and synoptic‐scale conditions on ΔT. Findings from this study show promise for continuous spatiotemporal estimations of ΔT from land surface temperature and NDVI satellite data.
Stronger Local Overturning in Convective‐Permitting Regional Climate Model Improves Simulation of the Subtropical Annual Cycle
Authors: Hart Neil C. G. , Washington Richard , Stratton Rachel A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlobal climate models fail to represent the annual cycle of tropical‐extratropical cloud bands and produce too much summer rainfall over subtropical southern Africa. This study demonstrates that running a regional convective‐permitting climate simulation alleviates these biases, counteracting biases that are present in the parent model. The improvement emerges from stronger vertical mass flux in the tropics, which forces a stronger local Hadley overturning into the summer hemisphere. This enhanced overturning increases upper‐level subsidence in the subtropics and amplifies the forcing of the local subtropical jet. Together, these improvements halve the wet subtropical rainfall bias and are associated with a 50% increase to an 80% match between the simulated and observed annual cycle of crucial tropical‐extratropical cloud band rainfall systems. The results advocate for the increased use of convective‐permitting climate models with domains that include regional tropical convection hot spots, in order to fully benefit from the explicit representation of deep convection.
Coral Reef Island Initiation and Development Under Higher Than Present Sea Levels
Authors: East H. K. , Perry C. T. , Kench P. S. , Liang Y. , Gulliver P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCoral reef islands are considered to be among the most vulnerable environments to future sea level rise. However, emerging data suggest that different island types, in contrasting locations, have formed under different conditions in relation to past sea level. Uniform assumptions about reef island futures under sea level rise may thus be inappropriate. Using chronostratigraphic analysis from atoll rim islands (sand‐ and gravel‐based) in the southern Maldives, we show that while island building initiated at different times around the atoll (~2,800 and ~4,200 calibrated years before present at windward and leeward rim sites, respectively), higher than present sea levels and associated high‐energy wave events were actually critical to island initiation. Findings thus suggest that projected sea level rise and increases in the magnitude of distal high‐energy wave events could reactivate this process regime, which, if there is an appropriate sediment supply, may facilitate further vertical reef island building.
Anomalous Zeta Potential Trends in Natural Sandstones
Authors: Li Shuai , Collini Harry , Jackson Matthew D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is widely accepted that the zeta potential in natural sandstones is negative and becomes larger in magnitude with decreasing electrolyte concentration. In our experimental measurements of zeta potential, an almost pure quartz sandstone saturated with NaCl electrolyte followed this expected concentration dependence. However, the zeta potential in a clay‐ and dolomite‐bearing sandstone initially increased but then decreased in magnitude with decreasing NaCl concentration. The effluent contained Ca2+ cations, although none were injected. At the lowest NaCl concentration tested, the zeta potential was identical within experimental error to that measured using CaCl2 electrolyte with the same concentration. We argue that Ca2+ cations can be released from natural sandstones by mineral dissolution or ion exchange and these ions are preferentially adsorbed onto quartz mineral surfaces, dominating the behavior of the zeta potential at low NaCl concentration. The results have broad implications for the zeta potential of natural sandstones in subsurface settings.
Coulomb Stress Transfer Influences Fault Reactivation in Areas of Wastewater Injection
Authors: Qin Yan , Chen Xiaowei , Carpenter Brett M. , Kolawole Folarin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe explore the role of Coulomb stress transfer in the fault reactivation in Woodward, Oklahoma—a wastewater injection area. We address this issue by first defining fault segments from earthquake spatiotemporal clustering then parameterizing the geometries of each segment by combining seismicity and focal mechanisms. Finally, we calculate Coulomb stress transfer along each fault segment. Our results reveal a fault system characterized by a flower structure with strike‐slip fault at deeper depth and distributed normal faults at shallower depth. Further, Coulomb stress analysis reveals that the fault reactivation initiates at the fault bend and sequentially migrates to northeast and southwest due to interevent stress interaction. The amplitude of Coulomb stress transfer is at least comparable to pore pressure and poroelastic stress changes estimated from fluid injection. Overall, our observations suggest that fault structure and Coulomb stress transfer constitute important factors in seismogenic fault reactivation within areas of wastewater injection.
Linkage Between Westerly Wind Bursts and Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Lian Tao , Chen Dake , Tang Youmin , Liu Xiaohui , Feng Jie , Zhou Lei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe westerly wind burst (WWB) in the equatorial Pacific strongly impacts on the genesis and diversity of El Niño, as manifested by its crucial role in the 2014–2016 El Niño events. However, the origin of WWB is still far from clear, rendering El Niño prediction, a persistently challenging task. Here we confirm a robust linkage between WWB and tropical cyclone (TC) from a set of observational and reanalysis data. Specifically, about 69% of WWBs were closely associated with TCs in the western tropical Pacific, and the three‐dimensional structure of WWBs highly resembled that of TCs. Such a close relationship readily explains not only the unidirectional and intermittent nature of WWBs but also the state dependency, seasonality, and spatial distribution of these bursts. An important implication is that, with skillful seasonal forecast of WWB‐associated TCs, we may be able to predict the seasonal activity of WWBs and thus improve El Niño prediction.
Tropical Decadal Variability and the Rate of Arctic Sea Ice Decrease
Authors: Meehl Gerald A. , Chung Christine T. Y. , Arblaster Julie M. , Holland Marika M. , Bitz Cecilia M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe trend for cold‐season (November‐December‐January‐February, NDJF) decreases in Arctic sea ice extent from 2000 to 2014 was about a factor of two larger than the 1979–2000 trend, and the warm‐season (June‐July‐August‐September, JJAS) trend was about a factor of three larger. Sensitivity experiments with an atmospheric model show that a negative convective heating anomaly in the tropical Pacific, associated with the negative Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation phase after 2000, produces an atmospheric teleconnection pattern over the Arctic comparable to the observations in NDJF but not JJAS. A positive convective heating anomaly over the tropical Atlantic, associated with warming sea surface temperatures there in the 2000–2014 period, produces a teleconnection pattern over the Arctic comparable to the observations in JJAS but not NDJF. Thus, the observed anomalously strong Arctic surface winds and sea ice drifts after 2000, which produced accelerated decreases in sea ice extent, likely had contributions from decadal‐time scale variability in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic.