bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating patterns of thermal tolerance and phenotypic plasticity with population genetics to improve understanding of vulnerability to warming in a widespread copepod
Authors: Sasaki Matthew C. , Dam Hans G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDifferences in population vulnerability to warming are defined by spatial patterns in thermal adaptation. These patterns may be driven by natural selection over spatial environmental gradients, but can also be shaped by gene flow, especially in marine taxa with high dispersal potential. Understanding and predicting organismal responses to warming requires disentangling the opposing effects of selection and gene flow. We begin by documenting genetic divergence of thermal tolerance and developmental phenotypic plasticity. Ten populations of the widespread copepodAcartia tonsawere collected from sites across a large thermal gradient, ranging from the Florida Keys to Northern New Brunswick, Canada (spanning over 20° latitude). Thermal performance curves (TPCs) from common garden experiments revealed local adaptation at the sampling range extremes, with thermal tolerance increasing at low latitudes and decreasing at high latitudes. The opposite pattern was observed in phenotypic plasticity, which was strongest at high latitudes. No relationship was observed between phenotypic plasticity and environmental variables. Instead, the results are consistent with the hypothesis of a trade‐off between thermal tolerance and the strength of phenotypic plasticity. Over a large portion of the sampled range, however, we observed a remarkable lack of differentiation of TPCs. To examine whether this lack of divergence is the result of selection for a generalist performance curve or constraint by gene flow, we analyzed cytochrome oxidase I mtDNA sequences, which revealed four distinct genetic clades, abundant genetic diversity, and widely distributed haplotypes. Strong divergence in thermal performance within genetic clades, however, suggests that the pace of thermal adaptation can be relatively rapid. The combined insight from the laboratory physiological experiments and genetic data indicate that gene flow constrains differentiation of TPCs. This balance between gene flow and selection has implications for patterns of vulnerability to warming. Taking both genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity into account, our results suggest that local adaptation does not increase vulnerability to warming, and that low‐latitude populations in general may be more vulnerable to predicted temperature change over the next century.
Grazing management for more resilient mixed livestock farming systems on native grasslands of southern South America
Authors: Modernel Pablo , Picasso Valentin , Do Carmo Martin , Rossing Walter A. H. , Corbeels Marc , Soca Pablo , Dogliotti Santiago , Tittonell Pablo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDroughts in southern South America affect grazing systems in many ways. They reduce biomass productivity; decrease livestock feed intake, weight and reproductive performance; increase farmers’ costs; and reduce farm income. It was hypothesized that simple grazing management variables affect the resilience of grazing systems to droughts at the paddock and farm scales. The effects of grazing management on herbage and animal production were assessed at paddock level, and how technological and structural variables relate to the production and economic performances at farm level. Results of a grazing experiment controlling herbage allowance at paddock level showed that resistance of herbage accumulation and animal live weight to drought was significantly higher for paddocks with higher pre‐drought herbage allowance than for those managed to low herbage allowance treatments. A strong positive linear relationship was found between pre‐drought herbage height and resistance of herbage accumulation rate (p < .01). In a longitudinal study of nine farms in Uruguay, resistance of cow pregnancy rate to drought was positively correlated with cow pregnancy rate (r = .72, p = .02) and farm net income (r = .78, p = .02), and negatively correlated with sheep‐to‐cattle ratio (r = −.80, p = .01). These correlations suggest that farms with higher incomes and low proportions of sheep in the herd withstand drought better (in terms of pregnancy rate). Four common regional production strategies were identified that react differently when farmers face drought, and these results can aid farmers in those regions to design more resilient mixed livestock farming systems and can inform policymakers about effective strategies for mitigating drought impacts in the region.
Pan‐Trk immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and specific ancillary tool for diagnosing secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland and detecting ETV6–NTRK3 fusion
Authors: Xu Bin , Haroon Al Rasheed Mohamed R , Antonescu Cristina R , Alex Deepu , Frosina Denise , Ghossein Ronald , Jungbluth Achim A , Katabi Nora 
Published: August 2019

AimsSecretory carcinoma (SC) of the salivary gland typically harbours ETV6–NTRK3 fusion, which can be utilised clinically to assist with diagnosis. Pan‐Trk inhibitor therapy has demonstrated drastic responses in patients with NTRK‐translocated tumours, including SC. Pan‐Trk immunohistochemistry (IHC) is emerging as a sensitive and specific tool for detecting NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 fusions in various cancers. We aimed to establish the specificity and sensitivity of pan‐Trk IHC in diagnosing SC and detecting ETV6–NTRK3 fusion. A literature review on the utility of pan‐Trk IHC was conducted.Methods and resultsPan‐Trk IHC was performed on 83 salivary gland neoplasms (29 SCs and 54 non‐SCs). ETV6–NTRK3 fusion status was established in 25 cases. With any staining (nuclear or cytoplasmic) as a positive threshold, the sensitivity and specificity of pan‐Trk IHC were 90% and 70% in diagnosing SC, and 100% and 0% in detecting NTRK3 fusion. When only pan‐Trk nuclear staining was considered as positive, the sensitivity and specificity were 69% and 100% in diagnosing SC, and 92% and 100% in detecting NTRK3 fusion.ConclusionsNuclear pan‐Trk IHC is highly specific for SC diagnosis, with a specificity approaching 100%, making it a useful and precise diagnostic tool for differentiating SC from its histological mimics. On the other hand, any pan‐Trk staining (nuclear or cytoplasmic) is highly sensitive for SC, and can serve as an attractive, cheap, fast and accessible screening tool for selecting patients to undergo confirmative molecular testing for clinical trials using TRK inhibitors.
Declining abundance of beetles, moths and caddisflies in the Netherlands
Authors: Hallmann Caspar A. , Zeegers Theo , van Klink Roel , Vermeulen Rikjan , van Wielink Paul , Spijkers Henk , van Deijk Jurriën , van Steenis Wouter , Jongejans Eelke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recently, reports of insect declines prompted concerns with respect to the state of insects at a global level. Here, we present the results of longer‐term insect monitoring from two locations in the Netherlands: nature development area De Kaaistoep and nature reserves near Wijster.
Based on data from insects attracted to light in De Kaaistoep, macro‐moths (macro‐Lepidoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), and caddisflies (Trichoptera) have declined in the mean number of individuals counted per evening over the period of 1997–2017, with annual rates of decline of 3.8, 5.0 and 9.2%, respectively. Other orders appeared stable [true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera and Auchenorrhyncha) and mayflies (Ephemeroptera)] or had uncertainty in their trend estimate [lacewings (Neuroptera)].
Based on 48 pitfall traps near Wijster, ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) showed a mean annual decline of 4.3% in total numbers over the period of 1985–2016. Nonetheless, declines appeared stronger after 1995.
For macro‐moths, the mean of the trends of individual species was comparable to the annual trend in total numbers. Trends of individual ground beetle species, however, suggest that abundant species performed worse than rare ones.
When translated into biomass estimates, our calculations suggest a reduction in total biomass of approximately 61% for macro‐moths as a group and at least 42% for ground beetles, by extrapolation over a period of 27 years. Heavier ground beetles and macro‐moths did not decline more strongly than lighter species, suggesting that heavy species did not contribute disproportionately to biomass decline.
Our results broadly echo recent reported trends in insect biomass in Germany and elsewhere.
The effects of platelet‐rich‐plasma gel application to the colonic anastomosis in hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: An experimental rat model
Authors: Ocak Sonmez , Buk Omer F. , Genc Bugra , Avcı Bahattin , Uzuner Hatice O. , Gundogdu Salih B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has cytotoxic effects on tumour cells but also negative impacts on anastomotic healing. Platelet‐rich‐plasma (PRP) is used for wound care but data about effects on gastrointestinal anastomosis are limited. In this experimental study, we aimed to investigate the effects of PRP application on colon anastomosis in rats those received HIPEC with cisplatin. Five rats were sacrificed to obtain PRP gel. Thirty rats were divided into three groups; Group 1: control group, Group 2: colon anastomosis and HIPEC with cisplatin, and Group 3: colon anastomosis enhanced by PRP and HIPEC with cisplatin. The rats were re‐operated on postoperative day seven and anastomotic bursting pressure (ABP) was recorded. Also, tissue samples were taken for hydroxyproline assessment and histopathological examination. There were significant differences in ABP between Groups 2 and 3, and also those groups had lower ABP compared with the control group. Group 3 had significantly higher hydroxyproline levels and had better histopathological findings than group 2. According to our findings, we suggest that PRP application improves the anastomotic healing by increasing anastomotic bursting pressure, hydroxyproline levels, and decreasing inflammatory response. Further clinical studies are needed to prove our hypothesis.
Fabrication of porous thick films using room‐temperature aerosol deposition
Authors: Khansur Neamul H. , Eckstein Udo , Sadl Matej , Ursic Hana , Webber Kyle G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel technique for the rapid room‐temperature deposition of porous ceramic, glass, or metal thick films using the aerosol deposition (AD) method is presented. The process is based on the co‐deposition of the desired film material and a second water‐soluble constituent, resulting in a ceramic‐ceramic composite. Following the subsequent removal of water‐soluble end member, a network of pores is retained. To demonstrate the process, porous BaTiO3 thick films were fabricated through co‐deposition with NaCl. Microstructural images show the clear development of a porous structure, which was found to enhance the dielectric properties over dense thick films, possibly related to the lower extent of internal residual stress. This simple but highly effective porous structure fabrication can be applied to any film and substrate material stable in water and is promising for the application of AD‐processed films in gas sensors, solid oxide fuel cells, and humidity sensors.
Extreme dipping: More complex than it looks
Authors: Cuspidi Cesare , Tadic Marijana , Grassi Guido 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInformation on clinical and prognostic implications of the extreme dipping (ED) pattern is scanty and findings provided by studies are controversial. Increasing evidence suggests than mean night‐time blood pressure (BP), a powerful predictor of cardiovascular outcomes, in ED can be markedly different between patients and distributed over a wide range of values ranging from hypotension to hypertension. On the whole, these findings emphasize the need to know that the ED pattern is a heterogeneous phenotype that deserve to be evaluated more in detail in future studies.
Prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors among long‐term AIDS survivors: A report from the field
Authors: Pierre Samuel , Seo Grace , Rivera Vanessa R. , Walsh Kathleen F. , Victor Jean Joscar , Charles Benedict , Julmiste Gaetane , Dumont Emelyne , Apollon Alexandra , Cadet Molene , Saint‐Vil Alix , Marcelin Adias , Severe Patrice , Lee Myung Hee , Kingery Justin , Koenig Serena , Fitzgerald Daniel , Pape Jean , McNairy Margaret L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHIV infection is associated with increased risk and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet little is known about the prevalence of CVD risk factors among long‐term AIDS survivors in resource‐limited settings. Using routinely collected data, we conducted a retrospective study to describe the prevalence of CVD risk factors among a cohort of HIV‐infected patients followed for over 10 years in Port‐au Prince, Haiti. This cohort includes 910 adults who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2003 and 2004 and remained in care between 2014 and 2016 when routine screening for CVD risk factors was implemented at a large clinic in Haiti. A total of 397 remained in care ≥10 years and received screening. At ART initiation, 59% were female, median age was 38 years (IQR 33‐44), and median CD4 count was 117 cells/mm3 (IQR 34‐201). Median follow‐up time from ART initiation was 12.1 years (IQR 11.7‐12.7). At screening, median CD4 count was 574 cells/mm3 (IQR 378‐771), and 84% (282 of 336 screened) had HIV‐1 RNA < 1000 copies/mL. Seventy‐four percent of patients had at least 1 risk factor including 58% (224/385) with hypertension, 8% (24/297) diabetes, 43% (119/275) hypercholesterolemia, 8% (20/248) active smoking, and 10% (25/245) obesity. Factors associated with hypertension were age (adjusted OR 1.06, P < .001) and weight at screening (adjusted OR 1.02, P = .019). Long‐term AIDS survivors have a high prevalence of CVD risk factors, primarily hypertension. Integration of cardiovascular screening and management into routine HIV care is needed to maximize health outcomes among aging HIV patients in resource‐limited settings.
The prevalence and predictors of resistant hypertension in high‐risk overweight and obese patients: A cross‐sectional study based on the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines
Authors: Haddadin Faris , Sud Karan , Munoz Estrella Alba , Moctezuma Sananda , Wu Lingling , Berookhim Joshua , Lucas Claire Huang , Patel Dipal , Argulian Edgar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObesity is significantly associated with uncontrolled blood pressure and resistant hypertension (RH). There are limited studies on the prevalence and determinants of RH in patients with higher body mass index (BMI) values. Since the hypertension guidelines changed in 2017, the prevalence of RH has become unknown and now is subject to be estimated by further studies. We conducted a cross‐sectional study in an urban Federally Qualified Health Center in New York City aiming to estimate the prevalence of RH in high‐risk overweight and obese patients based on the new hypertension definition, BP threshold ≥130/80 mm Hg, and also to describe the associated comorbid conditions in these patients. We identified 761 eligible high‐risk overweight and obese subjects with hypertension between October 2017 and October 2018. Apparent treatment‐RH was found in 13.6% among the entire study population. This represented 15.4% of those treated with BP‐lowering agents. True RH confirmed with out‐of‐office elevated BP was found in 6.7% of the study population and 7.4% among patients treated with BP‐lowering agents. Prevalence was higher with higher BMI values. Those with true RH were more likely to be black, to have diabetes mellitus requiring insulin, chronic kidney disease stage 3 or above and diastolic heart failure. In conclusion, obesity is significantly associated with RH and other significant metabolic comorbid conditions.
Influence of circadian blood pressure patterns and cardiopulmonary functional capacity in hypertensive patients
Authors: Tadic Marijana , Cuspidi Cesare , Suzic‐Lazic Jelena , Andric Anita , Sala Carla , Santoro Ciro , Iracek Olinka , Celic Vera 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe sought to assess functional capacity in recently diagnosed untreated hypertensive patients with different 24‐hour blood pressure (BP) patterns (dipping, non‐dipping, extreme dipping, and reverse dipping). This cross‐sectional study involved 164 untreated hypertensive patients who underwent 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Our findings showed that 24‐hour and daytime BP values did not differ between four groups. Nighttime BP significantly and gradually increased from extreme dippers to reverse dippers. There was no significant difference in BPs at baseline and at the peak of exercise among four observed groups. Peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) was significantly lower in reverse dippers than in dippers and extreme dippers. Heart rate recovery was significantly lower among reverse dippers than in dippers and extreme dippers. Ventilation/carbon dioxide slope (VE/VCO2) was significantly higher in reverse dippers and non‐dippers in comparison with dippers and extreme dippers. Non‐dipping BP pattern (non‐dippers and reverse dippers together) was independently and negatively associated lower heart rate recovery in the first minute and peak VO2. Reverse dipping BP pattern was independently associated not only with heart rate recovery in the first minute and peak VO2, but also with VE/VCO2. In conclusion, untreated hypertensive patients with reverse dipping BP patterns showed significantly worse functional capacity than those with dipping and extreme dipping BP patterns. Circadian BP rhythm is related with functional capacity and should be taken into account in the risk assessment of hypertensive patients.
Regulatory network of two circRNAs and an miRNA with their targeted genes under astilbin treatment in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Lu Guangping , Zhang Jinjin , Liu Xiangyong , Liu Wenbo , Cao Guohong , Lv Changjun , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Pan , Li Minge , Song Xiaodong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are becoming new therapeutic drug targets. However, their profiles under astilbin treatment have not been reported yet. In this study, we analysed the global reprogramming of circRNA transcriptome and a regulatory network of circRNAs with their targeted genes under astilbin treatment in pulmonary fibrosis. A total of 145 circRNAs were differentially expressed in the astilbin‐treated group compared with the bleomycin‐treated group using RNA sequencing. In the bleomycin‐ and astilbin‐treated groups, 29 coexpressed circRNAs were found. The maximum number of circRNAs was distributed on chromosome two, and their length varieties were mainly within 1000 bp. Four differentially expressed circRNAs (circRNA‐662, 949, 394 and 986) were tested to validate the RNA sequencing data, and their targeted microRNAs and genes were analysed by qRT‐PCR, Western blot, Pearson correlation coefficient, a dual‐luciferase reporter system and anti‐AGO2 RNA immunoprecipitation. The results showed that circRNA‐662 and 949 can act as “miR‐29b sponges” targeting Gli2 and STAT3 to exert their functions. Our work suggests that the transcriptome complexity at the circRNA level under astilbin treatment. These circRNAs may be potential molecular targets for drug action.
Identification of predictive genetic signatures of Cytarabine responsiveness using a 3D acute myeloid leukaemia model
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Muise Eric S. , Javaid Sarah , Chen Lan , Cristescu Razvan , Mansueto My Sam , Follmer Nicole , Cho Jennifer , Kerr Kimberley , Altura Rachel , Machacek Michelle , Nicholson Benjamin , Addona George , Kariv Ilona , Chen Hongmin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study reports the establishment of a bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMC) 3D culture model and the application of this model to define sensitivity and resistance biomarkers of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patient bone marrow samples in response to Cytarabine (Ara‐C) treatment. By mimicking physiological bone marrow microenvironment, the growth conditions were optimized by using frozen BMMCs derived from healthy donors. Healthy BMMCs are capable of differentiating into major hematopoietic lineages and various types of stromal cells in this platform. Cryopreserved BMMC samples from 49 AML patients were characterized for ex vivo growth and sensitivity to Ara‐C. RNA sequencing was performed for 3D and 2D cultures to determine differential gene expression patterns. Specific genetic mutations and/or gene expression signatures associated with the ability of the ex vivo expansion and response to Ara‐C were elucidated by whole‐exome and RNA sequencing. Data analysis identified unique gene expression signatures and novel genetic mutations associated with sensitivity to Ara‐C treatment of proliferating AML specimens and can be used as predictive therapeutic biomarkers to determine the optimal treatment regimens. Furthermore, these data demonstrate the translational value of this ex vivo platform which should be widely applicable to evaluate other therapies in AML.
Synthesis and larvicidal activity of indole derivatives against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Sousa Janaina R. , Silva Fábio A. , Targanski Sabrina K. , Fazolo Bruno R. , Souza Jéssica M. , Campos Mateus G. , Vieira Lucas C. C. , de Oliveira Mendes Tiago A. , Soares Marcos A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn light of the challenges to control Aedes aegypti and the critical role that it plays as arbovirus vector, it is imperative to adopt strategies that provide fast, efficient and environmentally safe control of the insect population. In the present study, we synthesized six indole derivatives (C1‐C6) and examined their larvicidal activity and persistence against Ae. aegypti larvae, as well as their toxicity towards Raw 264.7 macrophages, Vero cells, Chlorella vulgaris BR017, Scenedesmus obliquus BR003, Caenorhabditis elegans N2 and Galleria mellonella. Among the bioactive compounds (C1, C2, C4 and C5), C2 exerted the strongest larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti, with LC50 = 1.5 μg/ml (5.88 µM) and LC90 = 2.4 μg/ml (9.50 µM), indicating that the presence of chlorine or bromine groups in the aromatic ring improved the larvicidal activity of the indole derivatives. C1, C2, C4 and C5 did not reduce viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages, Vero cells, C. elegans N2 and G. mellonella. Compounds C1, C2 and C5 did not affect the growth of C. vulgaris BR017 and S. obliquus BR003. Analysis of larvicidal persistence under laboratory conditions revealed that the effect of compounds C1, C2, C4 and C5 lasted for 30 days and caused 100% of larvae mortality within few hours. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that the indole derivatives C1, C2, C4 and C5 effectively control Ae. aegypti larvae population, without clear signs of toxicity to mammalian cells, algae, C. elegans and G. mellonella.
Using physical barriers to prevent carrot fly (Psila rosae (Fabricius)) damage in domestic production
Authors: Platoni Anna M. , Bird Stephanie , Waghorn Ian , Perry Joe , Collier Rosemary , Clover Gerard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA field experiment was used to assess the effectiveness of different barriers in protecting garden‐scale carrot production from carrot fly (Psila rosae (Fabricius)) damage. Some of the vertical barriers tested were found to provide a useful method of protecting early season carrots from carrot fly in terms of the percentage of carrots free from damage but, under cumulative pest pressure of several generations of carrot fly, such barriers were found to provide insufficient protection. Gardeners should therefore completely cover their carrot crop to attain an acceptable level of control, and this was found to be especially important for carrots harvested later in the season. There were positive effects of some barrier types on yield which may be due, at least in part, to the protection given by the barriers to carrot seedlings.