bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polaris India International: moving boundaries
Authors: Arora Soma 
Published: November 2018

Learning outcomes
To familiarize the students with a process of international expansion within an emerging market scenario encompassing countries such as India, Sri Lanka and a developing country like Kazakhstan. Mostly cases in international marketing are central to developed nations, as that is where the MNCs emerge and grow. In this case study, though Polaris originally is an US-based MNC, the focus lies on Polaris India going international. Hence, it looked at empowering an emerging market for regional development. To provide a situation for choice of entry mode strategies involving strategic alliances and various kinds of non-equity based partnerships. Here there is scope for tremendous learning with reference to institutional voids and market failures prompting a certain mode of entry strategy versus another in international marketing. Though this topic has been researched widely, this case is the first ever tribute to a real-life situation in an emerging market. The case is focussed on experiential marketing as the new tool for sales and communication. This is unique to Polaris, and worth replicating in its internationalization. The crucial question emerged: adaptation of experiential marketing techniques as per local market.

Case overview /
synopsis This case investigated the process of internationalization for Polaris India, a US-based MNC, making for an interesting study in how emerging markets can become hubs for effective regional market expansion. The case simultaneously explored the concept of experiential marketing in a new light referring to the issue of communication adaptation in international marketing. The company had successfully used Polaris Experience zones as their promotion and distribution tools. The PEZ had weaved its magic on Indian customers to bring about significant positive change to the perception of a brand now extending the brand promise to other emerging markets. Polaris India started as a wholly owned subsidiary of Polaris Industries USA Inc in 2011 with Mr Pankaj Dubey, as the Country Head. Polaris specialized in building world class off-road vehicles and was a global leader in the same. The case study provided an opportunity to discuss behind the scenes role played by channel partners in targeted foreign markets – Sri Lanka and Kazakhstan. In international marketing, strategic alliances are of tremendous significance as a method of entry strategy and the knowledge, depth, expertise can make all the difference to achievement of success in the local market. Polaris despite having to market a product with no readymade market and combating the perceived notion of a super-premium product in emerging markets, managed to weave its own success story. The case is about, how Polaris India went International with its choice of strategic partners and communication tools.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
Marketing.
Factors influencing Islamic banks’ capital structure in developing economies
Authors: Bukair Abdullah Awadh Abdullah 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the influence of company-specific attributes on capital structure decisions of Islamic banks (IBs) in Gulf Cooperation council (GCC) countries during the period 2009-2011.Design/methodology/approachTo improve the econometric estimates’ efficiency, the paper uses the generalized least square (GLS) regression model to increase the levels of freedom and reduce collinearity.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that bank size, liquidity and corporate age are positively associated with the leverage ratio of GCC IBs, supporting the trade-off theory. Inconsistent with theoretical predictions, it is found that the profitability, tangibility and growth have positive insignificant relationship with the level of leverage, suggesting these determinants are not important in capital structure decisions. Furthermore, gross domestic product (GDP) and non-debt tax shield have negative effects on the leverage ratio and significant for GDP.Research limitations/implicationsOverall, the evidence provided in the study highlights the significance of company-specific characteristics in determining and affecting the capital structure decisions of IBs in GCC countries. It is useful to use these variables in the analysis of IBs’ capital structure in the GCC region before the financial crisis in 2007. One limitation for this study is that the sample is restricted to only the Islamic banking sector. Future research could include all Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) operating within the Gulf region. Second, the study only concentrates on GCC countries to the neglect of other countries. Finally, the study controls for the country level only and does not account for firm factors. Future research could consider all these limitations. Another possible avenue is by examining other variables, such as corporate governance mechanisms.Originality/valueDespite that most previous studies investigated the determinants of the capital structure of financial conventional industries, research on Islamic banking is almost non-existent. Moreover, the extant literature on Islamic finance has been theoretically explored, and the empirical research regarding capital structure is still in the infancy stage. Accordingly, it is evident that based on the Islamic trade-off perspective, theoretical hypotheses and empirical findings provide a novel addition to the capital structure theory for IFIs.
Forio: a Swiss treatment program for young sex offenders with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Hollomotz Andrea , Caviezel Schmitz Seraina 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of a Swiss outpatient group therapy for adolescent and young men with intellectual disabilities who have sexually offended.

Design/methodology/approach
The findings from two studies that examined the treatment independently from one another are brought together. These combine the qualitative methods of document analysis of programme tools, overt participant observations of treatment sessions and semi-structured interviews with programme designers.

Findings
At the heart of Forio treatment is a seven-step programme that aims to enable participants to increase their risk management capacities and foster pro-social behaviours. Responsivity issues are a key consideration, and the use of a traffic light system to distinguish acceptable, borderline and unacceptable behaviours provides a central reference point throughout treatment and beyond. Treatment relies on individuals practising newly learned pro-social behaviours in their daily life. To facilitate this, risks are managed, and support is provided via close networking between therapists and the supervision and social care network.

Practical implications
This paper offers detailed descriptions of the programme setting, structure and tools, which will allow international readers to adapt the techniques discussed to suit their specific treatment context. Particularly, the close networking between treatment providers and those managing risks in the community is commendable.

Originality/value
The Forio programme has not previously been described in English language papers. Even though it arises from the same evidence base as the internationally more widely known programmes, this paper offers unique insights into ways in which known concepts have been adapted to suit local circumstances.
Eco‐evolutionary feedbacks—Theoretical models and perspectives
Authors: Govaert Lynn , Fronhofer Emanuel A. , Lion Sébastien , Eizaguirre Christophe , Bonte Dries , Egas Martijn , Hendry Andrew P. , De Brito Martins Ayana , Melián Carlos J. , Raeymaekers Joost A. M. , Ratikainen Irja I. , Saether Bernt‐Erik , Schweitzer Jennifer A. , Matthews Blake 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTheoretical models pertaining to feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes are prevalent in multiple biological fields. An integrative overview is currently lacking, due to little crosstalk between the fields and the use of different methodological approaches.Here, we review a wide range of models of eco‐evolutionary feedbacks and highlight their underlying assumptions. We discuss models where feedbacks occur both within and between hierarchical levels of ecosystems, including populations, communities and abiotic environments, and consider feedbacks across spatial scales.Identifying the commonalities among feedback models, and the underlying assumptions, helps us better understand the mechanistic basis of eco‐evolutionary feedbacks. Eco‐evolutionary feedbacks can be readily modelled by coupling demographic and evolutionary formalisms. We provide an overview of these approaches and suggest future integrative modelling avenues.Our overview highlights that eco‐evolutionary feedbacks have been incorporated in theoretical work for nearly a century. Yet, this work does not always include the notion of rapid evolution or concurrent ecological and evolutionary time scales. We show the importance of density‐ and frequency‐dependent selection for feedbacks, as well as the importance of dispersal as a central linking trait between ecology and evolution in a spatial context.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Individual consumption of supplemental food as a predictor of reproductive performance and viral infection intensity
Authors: Tollington Simon , Ewen John G. , Newton Jason , McGill Rona A. R. , Smith Donal , Henshaw Aurélie , Fogell Deborah J. , Tatayah Vikash , Greenwood Andrew , Jones Carl G. , Groombridge Jim J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Supplemental food is often provided to threatened species in order to maintain or enhance reproductive fitness and thus population growth. However, its impact on individual reproductive fitness is rarely evaluated, despite being associated with both positive and negative consequences.

We used stable isotope analyses to characterise the relative proportional consumption of supplemental food and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess beak and feather disease viral infection intensity among parakeets. Life‐history and nest‐site data from a long‐term monitoring effort was incorporated.

Older females benefitted the most from supplemental feeding; demonstrated by a greater reproductive uplift than younger females. There were no strong predictors of viral infection levels among nestlings.

Reproductive fitness, measured by the number of fledglings produced per brood, was positively associated with proportional dietary content of supplemental food among adult parakeets and breeding pairs that nested closer to feeding stations consumed more supplemental food than those nesting further away.

Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates that supplementary feeding can lead to an overall increase in population growth. However, by characterising individual consumption, we also reveal subtle patterns of use and differential benefits on reproductive fitness within a population. Manipulating the delivery of supplemental food may help to reduce demand on finite resources or target the proportion of a population that derives the most benefit, but is associated with trade‐offs in fecundity. For example, the use of and access to feeding stations could potentially be targeted towards specific individuals, or positioned in the habitats most deficient in native food. However, increasing reproductive fitness in one component of the population may be accompanied by a decrease in another. This knowledge can be incorporated into adaptive management strategies that aim to fulfil specific objectives associated with species recovery and long‐term viability as long as the relative importance of each objective is be considered.
Measuring word retrieval in narrative discourse: core lexicon in aphasia
Authors: Kim Hana , Kintz Stephen , Zelnosky Kristen , Wright Heather Harris 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundDiscourse analysis procedures are time consuming and impractical in a clinical setting. Critical to clinicians are simple and informative discourse measures that require minimal time and labour to complete. Many studies, however, have overlooked difficulties that clinicians face. We recently developed core lexicon lists for nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs for two narrative discourse tasks with healthy control groups. Core lexicon lists consist of important lexical items required to produce coherently meaningful discourse in response to discourse tasks. Measuring core lexicon is useful for quantifying word retrieval impairments at the discourse level in clinical populations.AimsTo apply an age‐based core lexicon list for nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs for the wordless picture books Good Dog Carl (1985) and Picnic (1984) and to determine how well the lists measured linguistic impairments in persons with aphasia (PWA).Materials & MethodsLemma forms were extracted from 470 control participants who were divided into seven age groups. Twenty‐five core lexicons were identified for four word classes (nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs) among the seven age groups. The nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs for each PWA (N = 11) were then compared with the core lexicon for their respective age group. Per cent agreement was computed by comparing the number of total items within each list to the number of items that PWA produced. A Spearman's correlation coefficient was computed between the WAB‐R AQ and the per cent agreement for each word type for PWA.Outcomes & ResultsThe percentage of agreement for each word type among the age cohorts ranged between 56% and 96%. Of the four word types, core verbs significantly correlated with the WAB AQs for both discourse tasks. A post‐hoc analysis found significant differences between fluent and non‐fluent aphasia for core verbs.Conclusions & ImplicationsCore lexicon analysis appears to be a practical way to capture impairments in word retrieval at the discourse level. Core verbs may be a better indicator to understand holistic language performances for PWA. Use of the core lexicon checklist can serve as an option to reconcile ecological validity with clinical usability.
Textual cohesion in oral narrative and procedural discourse: the effects of ageing and cognitive skills
Authors: Sherratt Sue , Bryan Karen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of the discourse performance of non‐brain‐damaged individuals is critical not only for its differentiation from disordered expression but also for more accurate models of ageing and communication. The effect of ageing and cognitive skills on the cohesive adequacy of discourse has, until now, presented a confusing and ambiguous picture.AimsTo examine comprehensively the effects of both age and cognitive skills on the discourse cohesion of 32 non‐brain‐damaged males divided into four age groups.Methods & ProceduresA large body of narrative and procedural samples (394 samples) was elicited from the participants. Their cognitive skills were determined using three tests, whilst their discourse cohesion was analyzed and correlated with the cognitive test results.Outcomes & ResultsThis extensive investigation of ageing effects on discourse cohesion and their relationship to cognitive behaviour did not provide neat generalizable results. It showed that ageing significantly increases the number of cohesive errors and reduces the quantity of referential ties in picture‐sequence narratives. The changes with age were limited to two aspects of cohesion and not linear across age groups. The participants’ cognitive skills declined with age. Correlations between some cognitive tests and certain cohesive changes suggest co‐occurring deficits rather than a causal explanation of cohesive decline with age.Conclusions & ImplicationsWith ageing there are increased cohesive errors and decreased referential ties, co‐occurring with declining cognitive skills. This study yields important guidance for future research, suggesting that picture‐sequence narrative is the most effective tool for clinical evaluation of discourse, but also that findings from one discourse sample may be misleading.
Input matters matter: Bioclimatic consistency to map more reliable species distribution models
Authors: Morales‐Barbero Jennifer , Vega‐Álvarez Julia 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Accuracy of global bioclimatic databases is essential to understand biodiversity–environment relationships. Many studies have explored biases and uncertainties related to species distribution models (SDMs) but the effect of choosing a specific database among the different alternatives has not been previously assessed.

The lack of bioclimatic congruence (degree of agreement) between different databases is a main concern in distribution modelling and it is critical in single‐source models, for which the database choice is decisive. In order to prevent unreliable predictions derived from distorted input data, SDMs accuracy can be assessed by mapping model predictions according to a bioclimatic congruence measure derived from the comparison of multiple databases, which can be achieved with the bioclimatic consistency maps that we propose in this study. Here, (a) we present the first global‐scale bioclimatic congruence map to analyse environmental mismatches between recently updated bioclimatic databases. We also test the importance of input matters on the reliability of distribution models of sixteen mammals, by addressing (b) inconsistencies among species response curves (temperature and precipitation), and (c) discrepancies among SDMs predictions depending on the chosen bioclimatic database. Finally, (d) we propose a strategy to assess bioclimatic consistency of model predictions, showing its application to the specific case of Litocranius walleri.

Our results confirm that the single‐source modelling approach greatly influences the estimation of species–environment relationship and consequently, bias spatial predictions derived from SDMs. This is especially true for studies conducted in polar and mountainous regions which showed the smallest bioclimatic congruence. We show that by adding bioclimatic congruence to SDMs projections, we can build a bioclimatic consistency map that enables the detection of both risky and consistent areas, as revealed for the case of L. walleri.

Assessing uncertainty in bioclimatic input data is key to avoid erroneous conclusions in macroecological and biogeographical studies. The spatial characterization of bioclimatic consistency provides an adequate empirical framework which effectively illustrates bioclimatic data limitations. We strongly recommend that this new strategy should be formally and systematically incorporated into distribution modelling to build more reliable SDMs, which are essential to develop successful biodiversity conservation programmes.
Nursing Diagnoses in People with Digestive Stoma and their Association with Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors
Authors: Moya‐Muñoz Noelia , Capilla‐Díaz Concepción , Labella‐Rodríguez Marta , Gálvez‐Cano Judit , Sánchez‐Crisol Inmaculada , Hueso‐Montoro César 
Published: November 2018

PURPOSETo determine nursing diagnoses in people with a digestive stoma and their relationship with sociodemographic and clinical variables.METHODA cross‐sectional descriptive study of 102 subjects in the General Surgery Unit of a first‐level hospital (Granada, Spain) was conducted. Data were collected on the presence of nursing diagnoses, sociodemographic and clinical variables.RESULTSNANDA‐I: “Deficient knowledge (00126)” and “Readiness for enhanced health management (00162)” were present in the entire sample studied. The period of care (postoperative vs. follow‐up) was the most common significant variable among diagnoses.CONCLUSIONSThis work contributes to the determination of NANDA‐I diagnoses in people with digestive stomas.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThe results provide a guide to help nursing professionals develop individual care plans.
The Nursing Diagnosis of “Death Anxiety”: Content Validation by Experts
Authors: Fernández‐Donaire Lidia , Romero‐Sánchez José Manuel , Paloma‐Castro Olga , Boixader‐Estévez Francesc , Porcel‐Gálvez Ana María 
Published: November 2018

PURPOSETo validate the content of the NANDA‐I diagnosis “death anxiety” (00147).METHODSDescriptive study using the Fehring model with 202 Spanish nurses who were expert in end‐of‐life care to explore the adequacy of the components of the NANDA‐I diagnosis “death anxiety” (00147) in the Spanish edition.FINDINGSNone of the diagnosis definitions were considered as representative. Furthermore, 5 of the 56 defining characteristics and 5 of the 26 related factors were validated as major.CONCLUSIONSIn general, the components of the diagnosis “death anxiety” (00147) in the Spanish edition are not representative according to experts.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThe results support the need to either exclude the diagnosis from the taxonomy or adjust its content.
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) genetics in the 21st century: taking leaps forward in aquaculture and biological understanding
Authors: Houston R. D. , Macqueen D. J. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAtlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is among the most iconic and economically important fish species and was the first member of Salmonidae to have a high‐quality reference genome assembly published. Advances in genomics have become increasingly central to the genetic improvement of farmed Atlantic salmon as well as conservation of wild salmon stocks. The salmon genome has also been pivotal in shaping our understanding of the evolutionary and functional consequences arising from an ancestral whole‐genome duplication event characterising all Salmonidae members. Here, we provide a review of the current status of Atlantic salmon genetics and genomics, focussed on progress made from genome‐wide research aimed at improving aquaculture production and enhancing understanding of salmonid ecology, physiology and evolution. We present our views on the future direction of salmon genomics, including the role of emerging technologies (e.g. genome editing) in elucidating genetic features that underpin functional variation in traits of commercial and evolutionary importance.