bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collateral damage: China's anti‐dumping case against Canadian canola
Authors: Slade Peter , Kerr William A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn September 2024, China launched a dumping investigation against imports of Canadian canola. The announcement is the latest move in a series of trade disputes between the two countries and is widely seen as retaliation for Canadian tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles. This paper examines the institutions that govern the dumping investigation and the likely price effects stemming from China's announcement. The investigation will be conducted exclusively within China and appeals to the WTO can only be made on the basis that the Chinese investigation violated WTO rules. Such investigations typically sustain the finding of dumping. Given that Chinese imports of canola seed accounted for 23% of Canadian production in 2023, anti‐dumping duties could significantly disrupt trade flows. However, the impact of anti‐dumping measures on Canadian canola prices may be mitigated through trade diversion, increased domestic processing, and the pass‐through of duties to Chinese importers.
Epidemiology of Cholesteatoma in the UK Biobank
Authors: Wilson Emma , Jennings Barbara Anne , Khondoker Mizanur , Philpott Carl M. , Prinsley Peter , Brewer Daniel S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo identify factors associated with cholesteatoma in a large UK cohort. Although some risk factors are frequently reported (male sex, history of chronic otitis media), other associations require further evidence (deprivation, smoking).Design and SettingBriefly, 1140 cholesteatoma cases from UK BioBank were compared to 4551 non‐cholesteatoma middle ear disease and 493 832 ear disease‐free controls. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated for demographic factors including age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation and smoking status with logistic regressions. Odds ratios for overlapping ICD‐10 codes are also calculated.ResultsCholesteatoma was significantly associated with sex (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for males = 1.33, 95%CI = [1.179–1.491]), age (AOR = 1.02, 95%CI = [1.011–1.026]) and deprivation (AOR = 1.08, 95%CI = [1.059–1.097]) compared to ear disease‐free controls (p < 0.001). Age and deprivation distributions for cholesteatoma and non‐cholesteatoma ear disease were similar. Although there was no significant association with smoking status, cholesteatoma was significantly associated with the ICD‐10 code mental and behavioural disorders due to tobacco use (OR = 2.34, p < 0.001, 95%CI = [1.942, 2.813]). Cholesteatoma was also strongly associated with a wide range of inflammatory middle ear conditions and chronic sinus inflammation, suggesting an increased susceptibility to inflammation of the upper airways.ConclusionThis study shows a large overlap between cholesteatoma and non‐cholesteatoma ear disease in terms of numbers and demographics, with sex being a key factor distinguishing between the two, suggesting that there are both common and distinct associated factors.
Quality of Information Provided by Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Surrounding the Reconstructive Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer: A Comparative Analysis Between ChatGPT4 and Claude2
Authors: Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Marcuzzo Alberto Vito , Lazzarin Chiara , Giudici Fabiola , Polesel Jerry , Stellin Marco , Pettorelli Andrea , Spinato Giacomo , Ottaviano Giancarlo , Ferrari Marco , Borsetto Daniele , Zucchini Simone , Trabalzini Franco , Sia Egidio , Gardenal Nicoletta , Baruca Roberto , Fortunati Alfonso , Vaira Luigi Angelo , Tirelli Giancarlo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionArtificial Intelligences (AIs) are changing the way information is accessed and consumed globally. This study aims to evaluate the information quality provided by AIs ChatGPT4 and Claude2 concerning reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer.MethodsThirty questions on reconstructive surgery for head and neck cancer were directed to both AIs and 16 head and neck surgeons assessed the responses using the QAMAI questionnaire. A 5‐point Likert scale was used to assess accuracy, clarity, relevance, completeness, sources, and usefulness. Questions were categorised into those suitable for patients (group 1) and those for surgeons (group 2). AI responses were compared using t‐Student and McNemar tests. Surgeon score agreement was measured with intraclass correlation coefficient, and readability was assessed with Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL).ResultsChatGPT4 and Claude2 had similar overall mean scores of accuracy, clarity, relevance, completeness and usefulness, while Claude2 outperformed ChatGPT4 in sources (110.0 vs. 92.1, p < 0.001). Considering the group 2, Claude2 showed significantly lower accuracy and completeness scores compared to ChatGPT4 (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively). Regarding readability, ChatGPT4 presented lower complexity than Claude2 (FKGL mean score 4.57 vs. 6.05, p < 0.001) requiring an easy‐fairly easy English in 93% of cases.ConclusionOur findings indicate that neither chatbot exhibits a decisive superiority in all aspects. Nonetheless, ChatGPT4 demonstrates greater accuracy and comprehensiveness for specific types of questions and the simpler language used may aid patient inquiries. However, many evaluators disagree with chatbot information, highlighting that AI systems cannot serve as a substitute for advice from medical professionals.
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors in Aicardi–Goutières syndrome: A crossover clinical trial
Authors: Crow Yanick J. , Briggs Tracy A. , Eleftheriou Despina , Parida Amitav , Battison Claire , Giddings Annabel , Kennel Titouan , Parker Richard A. ,   AGS‐RTIs Study Group
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo extend the findings of a previous clinical trial suggesting combined abacavir (ABC), lamivudine (3TC), and zidovudine (AZT) reduces type I interferon (IFN) signalling in Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS).MethodThis was an open label, non‐placebo‐controlled phase II clinical trial (NCT04731103) in patients less than 16 years with any of five AGS genotypes. The effect of ABC or 3TC individually, or of combined ABC + 3TC + AZT, on IFN‐stimulated gene (ISG) expression (primary outcome) and IFN‐alpha protein (secondary outcome) in blood was assessed.ResultsThirteen patients were recruited. Compliance was poor in the ABC + 3TC + AZT arm. No statistically significant effects were observed with ABC or 3TC, or with ABC + 3TC + AZT over 6 weeks. A statistically significant reduction of ISG expression was recorded after 3 weeks of ABC + 3TC + AZT, which was not mirrored by changes in IFN‐alpha protein.InterpretationThere is insufficient evidence that ABC or 3TC is either effective or ineffective in reducing type I IFN signalling in AGS over 6 weeks. The effect of ABC + 3TC + AZT at 3 weeks supports data from a previous clinical trial of the effect of ABC + 3TC + AZT in reducing type I IFN signalling, although there was insufficient evidence of an effect at 6 weeks. Time to local research and development (R&D) approval, and to sponsor authorization after R&D approval, severely limited patient recruitment.
Shortcutting Photorespiration Protects Potato Photosynthesis and Tuber Yield Against Heatwave Stress
Authors: Meacham‐Hensold Katherine , Cavanagh Amanda P. , Sorensen Peyton , South Paul F. , Fowler Jessica , Boyd Ryan , Jeong Jooyeon , Burgess Steven , Stutz Samantha , Dilger Ryan N. , Lee Moonsub , Ferrari Nicholas , Larkin Justin , Ort Donald R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOver two growing seasons, a chloroplast localized synthetic glycolate metabolic pathway expressed in potato, enhanced tuber biomass. We confirmed that this yield benefit did not come at the cost of tuber quality. In 2022, after two early season natural heatwaves, we observed enhanced daily carbon assimilation rates and increased photosynthetic capacity, with transformed plants having up to 23% higher Vcmax and 13% higher Jmax during tuber bulking stages, indicating that transformed plants were better able to withstand growing season heatwaves than untransformed controls. The increases in photosynthetic capacity and potato tuber mass after early season heatwaves were greater than in seasons without heatwaves and present the AP3 pathway as a promising avenue for yield increases in the face of forecast increased intensity and duration of heatwave events as a result of global warming.
Multiplex CRISPR‐Cas Assay for Rapid, Isothermal and Visual Detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in Penaeid Shrimp
Authors: Kanitchinda Suthasinee , Sritunyalucksana Kallaya , Chaijarasphong Thawatchai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) represent the most economically destructive pathogens in the current shrimp industry. WSSV causes white spot disease (WSD) responsible for rapid shrimp mortality, while EHP stunts growth and therefore reduces overall productivity. Despite the importance of timely disease detection, current diagnostic methods for WSSV and EHP are typically singleplex, and those offering multiplex detection face issues such as complexity, low field compatibility and/or low sensitivity. Here, we introduce an orthogonal, multiplex CRISPR‐Cas assay for concomitant detection of WSSV and EHP. This method combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) for target DNA enrichment with Cas12a and Cas13a enzymes for fluorescent detection. This assay produces distinct fluorescent colours for different diagnostic outcomes, allowing naked eye visualisation without ambiguity. Further validation reveals that the assay detects as few as 20 and 200 copies of target DNA from EHP and WSSV, respectively, while producing no false positives with DNA from other shrimp pathogens. Moreover, the assay excellently agrees with established PCR methods in evaluation of clinical samples. Requiring only 37°C and less than an hour to complete, multiplex CRISPR‐Cas assay presents a promising tool for onsite diagnostics, offering high accuracy while saving time and resources.
Knowledge and dietary habits regarding anemia of pregnancy in the Republic of Gabon
Authors: Sugino Yuri , Horiuchi Shigeko 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study contributes to clarifying the anemia status of pregnant women living in Gabon, knowledge of anemia, and its association with dietary habits. Thereby, we can provide educational approaches such as health guidance and nutritional counseling for pregnant women in the future.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used a questionnaire, and the study participants were pregnant women who are in Libreville. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 20 years age or older, a single pregnancy with no history of hematopoietic disease, at least at the second antenatal care and have blood test results, and can read and write French. The survey included basic information, knowledge of anemia, eating habits, and dietary diversity.ResultsA total of 121 questionnaires were analyzed, of which 75 (62.0%) indicated anemia; the mean hemoglobin level was 10.6 g/dL (SD ± 1.25) (range 7.0–14.3 g/dL). The mean number of correct answers out of seven statements about knowledge of anemia was 2.55 (SD ± 1.59). More than half of the respondents understood that anemia also affects the baby, but less than half understood that it affects the mother after childbirth, revealing a lack of knowledge. The group that consumed dark green leafy vegetables was significantly less anemic than the group that did not consume those. (χ2 = 6.563, p = .038).ConclusionThe maternal anemia rate was 62% in this study. There was little knowledge about anemia, including its effects on the mother's body, premature birth, and anemia without symptoms. And we suggest that dark green leafy vegetables are effective foods for anemia; therefore, healthcare providers can introduce these into their foods and recipes for improving anemia in the health education.
Effects of Virtual Reality on Relieving Pain During Endoscopy in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials
Authors: Yao Yongfang , Qiu Shanhu , Xue Youhua , Wang Boyuan , Zhang Yihan , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVirtual reality is an emerging non‐drug treatment for pain caused by endoscopy procedure. We conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of virtual reality based interventions for pain during endoscopy.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Clinical Trials database were searched until 26 May 2024. Randomised controlled trials on the application of virtual reality in endoscopic examinations were included. The standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated using random‐effects models, and included studies were appraised using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 1. Meta‐ analysis was conducted using Stata Statistical Software version 17.0.ResultsOverall, 21 studies enrolling 1721 participants were included. Our results demonstrated that the patients receiving the virtual reality intervention had lower pain scores than those receiving the usual care (SMD = −0.42; 95% CI = −0.65, −0.20). Subgroup analysis showed that real‐time assessment of pain scores during the medical process had less heterogeneity (I2 = 20.2%, p = 0.257) and a smaller range of confidence intervals (95% CI = −0.43, −0.14) than retrospective assessment (95% CI = −0.75, −0.09). For different types of endoscopes, virtual reality was statistically significant for reducing pain during colonoscopy (SMD = −0.70; 95% CI = −1.12, −0.28), cystoscopy (SMD = −0.28; 95% CI = −0.53, −0.04) and laparoscopy (SMD = −0.54; 95% CI = −0.98, −0.10). Additionally, statistically significant improvements in relieving anxiety were reported when using virtual reality (SMD = −0.56; 95% CI = −0.78, −0.35).ConclusionThe application of virtual reality can effectively relieve the pain and anxiety of endoscopy. The types of endoscopy and the way of retrospective evaluation of pain scores were the main sources of heterogeneity. More rigorous studies about the relationship between virtual reality and endoscopic pain relief will be needed.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe application effect of virtual reality technology on endoscopy was verified by summarising several randomised controlled trials. Patients and healthcare providers can be better informed about the use of such intervention to relieve pain.Patient or Public ContributionVirtual reality is recommended as being potentially useful and practical for reducing the pain of endoscopy.
Learning and Giving Compassionate Care to Patients: Perspectives of the ICU Nurses
Authors: Vang'ota Dorice Zacharia , Masika Golden Mwakibo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCompassion forms the basis for nursing practice and is an essential component of patient‐centered care. It is vital, essential and of great significance to relieve patient's suffering and have a positive impact on the quality of care provided by a nurse. In the context of Tanzania, knowledge on learning and giving compassionate nursing care to patients remained unresearched.AimsTo explore nurse's perspectives on how they learn and give compassionate nursing care to patients in ICUs in Tanzania.MethodologyA qualitative descriptive study design using in‐depth interviews was conducted amongst eleven (11) ICU nurses of two hospitals in Dodoma region. Audio‐recording and notetaking were used to collect data. Data from the audio records were transcribed verbatim and subjected to inductive thematic analysis using manifest codding approach with a semantic focus. We report this paper according to COREQ checklist.ResultsThree themes emerged from data that summarised the nurses' perspectives on learning and giving compassionate care to patients in ICUs. These themes included (i) Sources and learning of compassionate nursing care (ii) Practicing compassionate nursing care and (iii) impact of compassionate nursing care. Overall, nurses in this setting expressed compassion to as a combination of empathy, ethical view, duty to care and readiness to go extra mile to address patients needs defined their unique view of compassion.Conclusion and RecommendationEmphasis of compassionate nursing care in formal training curricula, role modelling on compassion in clinical settings and motivation of nurses in critical care settings may facilitate provision of compassionate nursing care amongst patients in ICUs.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings of the present study underscore the nurse's perspectives on compassionate nursing care and what motivates and prevents them to provide compassionate care to patients.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
What Do Nurses Think of Their Role in the Hospital's Restorative Care and Rehabilitation Services for Older Patients?: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Adhikari Ramen , Dafny Hila Ariela , Bellis Anita De , Parry Yvonne Karen , Iyangbe Uyi Gabriel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo examine rehabilitation nurses' perspectives on their roles in caring for older patients in hospitals, emphasising how they fulfil these roles and their significance in geriatric rehabilitation (GR).BackgroundThe need for rehabilitation services was rising with an aging population. Rehabilitation nurses provided evidence‐based care to older patients and encouraged them to participate in their rehabilitation goals. Rehabilitation nurses were vital to recovery; their contributions needed to be appreciated and valued.DesignA qualitative systematic review.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for qualitative evidence and a PROSPERO protocol CRD42023435728 published beforehand. From inception to 9 October, 2023, a comprehensive database search was developed using Medline and translated into five databases, including CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest and Ageline.ResultsThirty‐three studies were reviewed, identifying six key themes, including decision‐making, nursing role gaps, care coordination, communication, nursing skills and gender preference.ConclusionThis review examined rehabilitation nurses' experiences working with older patients in rehabilitation services. It highlighted gaps in their recognition and decision‐making involvement despite being care coordinators, caregivers and advocates who were undervalued as rehabilitation team members.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe review highlighted the importance of valuing nurses' contributions and re‐evaluating the rehabilitation model.Further Implications of This StudyInterviewing rehabilitation nurses can validate the findings, potentially improving rehabilitation nursing practices for older patients.Reporting MethodPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA).No Patient or Public ContributionNot applied since it was a systematic review.
More Grateful Today, Less Depressive Tomorrow: The Day‐to‐Day Association Between Gratitude and Depressed Mood
Authors: Zhang Linting , Hui Bryant Pui Hung , Jiang Da , Kong Feng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePrevious research has documented a negative between‐person association between gratitude and depressed mood. However, how gratitude relates to depressed mood at the within‐person level remains less understood. The current study aimed to revisit the association between gratitude and depressed mood using a daily diary approach and examine the potential moderating effects of trait gratitude, neuroticism, and extraversion.MethodOur sample consisted of 243 college students (Mage = 19.12), who reported their daily levels of gratitude and depressed mood for 14 days. There is a final sample of 3384 diaries.ResultsThe multilevel cross‐lagged path analysis revealed that gratitude was negatively associated with depressed mood on the subsequent day. This result remained consistent after controlling for well‐being from the previous day. Furthermore, trait gratitude, neuroticism, and extraversion did not moderate the relationship between gratitude on day n−1 and depressed mood on day n.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the benefits of gratitude in daily life, suggesting that gratitude might function as a protective factor in mitigating depressed mood.
Long‐term outcomes of kidney replacement therapy in Australians with prune belly syndrome
Authors: Curran Isabella , Jose Erin , Burgess James , Cuthbertson Laura , English Jenni , Jose Matthew D 
Published: December 2024

AimThe aim of this study was to describe long‐term outcomes of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in Australians with prune belly syndrome in comparison to a control group of congenital kidney disease.MethodsWe identified all Australians treated with KRT between 1977 and 2021 with a diagnosis of PBS from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry.ResultsWe identified 37 males (no females) who commenced KRT at a median age of 17 years (range 1–45). At initiation of KRT treatment, 54% of patients were on haemodialysis, 30% on peritoneal dialysis and 16% received a pre‐emptive kidney transplant. Forty‐eight kidney transplants (35 first, 11 second and 2 third grafts) occurred, of which 48% were from deceased donors. Median age at first transplant was 21 years (range 2–47). Graft survival at 1, 5 and 10 years for first grafts was 91%, 71% and 51%, respectively (range 6 days to 36 years). Three men reported parenthood at median age 35 years. There were 10 deaths reported at a median age of 37 years (range 17–49). Reported aetiology was cardiac death (50%), malignancy (20%), dialysis cessation (10%) and uncertain cause (20%). Compared to an age and gender‐matched control group of people with congenital kidney dysplasia, Australians with PBS had equivalent peritoneal dialysis technique survival, but slightly better transplant graft and overall survival.ConclusionPrune belly syndrome has marked variation in outcomes from KRT, but overall, these were equivalent or better than a matched control group with congenital kidney disease, including use of peritoneal dialysis (despite lack of abdominal wall musculature).
Parasite load, throat colors, and cellular immune response in Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus, a high‐altitude gecko endemic to Morocco
Authors: Er‐Rguibi O. , Aglagane A. , Laghzaoui E. M. , Kimdil L. , El Mouden E. H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractColor polymorphisms in lizards are maintained by complex interactions between environmental factors, genetics, and physiological traits (e.g., immunity) that can differ among morphs. Here, we investigated the relationship between mite load, throat coloration (orange, yellow, and white), and cell‐mediated immune responsiveness (CMI) in the Atlas day gecko, Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus (Boettger, 1874) during its post‐mating period. We also evaluated the relationship between the patterns of infestation by ectoparasites and sex, throat color, and host size. The prevalence and intensity of infestation by mites did not differ by sex, host body length, or throat color. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship with host body condition. The CMI was related to sex and lizard body size (SVL). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the intensity of infestation and the CMI response of the gecko hosts. Likewise, there was a significant positive correlation between CMI and the scaled mass index (SMi) of the lizards. In addition, geckos with broken tails had a significantly higher CMI than those with regenerated or intact tails. Moreover, CMI differed significantly among morphs; orange morphs had a higher immune response than yellow one, while the white individuals presented the lowest response. Thus, CMI is morph‐specific in this gecko, suggesting that this immunological trait could play a determinant role in maintaining throat color polymorphism in this species.