bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Availability of less invasive prenatal, perinatal and paediatric autopsy will improve uptake rates: a mixed‐methods study with bereaved parents
Authors: Lewis C , Riddington M , Hill M , Arthurs OJ , Hutchinson JC , Chitty LS , Bevan C , Fisher J , Ward J , Sebire NJ 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate whether less invasive methods of autopsy would be acceptable to bereaved parents and likely to increase uptake.DesignMixed methods study.SettingBereaved parents recruited prospectively across seven hospitals in England and retrospectively through four parent support organisations.SampleEight hundred and fifty‐nine surveys and 20 interviews with bereaved parents.MethodsCross‐sectional survey and qualitative semi‐structured telephone interviews.Main outcome measuresLikely uptake, preferences, factors impacting decision‐making, views on different autopsy methods.ResultsOverall, 90.5% of participants indicated that they would consent to some form of less invasive autopsy [either minimally invasive autopsy (MIA), non‐invasive autopsy (NIA) or both]; 53.8% would consent to standard autopsy, 74.3% to MIA and 77.3% to NIA. Regarding parental preferences, 45.5% preferred MIA, 30.8% preferred NIA and 14.3% preferred standard autopsy. Participants who indicated they would decline standard autopsy but would consent to a less invasive option were significantly more likely to have a lower educational level (odds ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.35–0.70; P = 0.000062). Qualitative findings suggest that parents value NIA because of the lack of any incision and MIA is considered a good compromise as it enables tissue sampling while easing the parental burden associated with consenting to standard autopsy.ConclusionLess invasive methods of autopsy are acceptable alternatives for bereaved parents, and if offered, are likely to increase uptake and improve parental experience. Further health economic, validation and implementation studies are now required to assess the viability of offering these in routine widespread clinical care.Tweetable abstractMixed methods UK study finds less invasive methods of autopsy are acceptable alternatives for bereaved parents, and if offered, are likely to increase uptake and improve parental experience.
Breastfeeding avoidance following psychological intimate partner violence during pregnancy: a cohort study and multivariate analysis
Authors: Martin‐de‐las‐Heras S , Velasco C , Luna‐del‐Castillo JD , Khan KS 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate if the experience of psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) adversely affects breastfeeding rates.DesignA cohort study.SettingMaternities in 15 public hospitals, drawn using cluster sampling of obstetric services in Andalusia, Spain.PopulationA total of 779 consecutive mothers receiving antenatal care including ultrasound and giving birth during February–June 2010.MethodsTrained midwives gathered IPV data using the Index of Spouse Abuse validated in the Spanish language (score ranges: 0–100, higher scores reflect more severe IPV; cut‐off: psychological IPV = 25). Sociodemographic data including lack of kin support, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were collected. Multivariate logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI), of the relationship between psychological IPV and breastfeeding, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and obstetric complications.Main outcome measureBreastfeeding avoidance defined as lack of breastfeeding or pumping of breast milk to feed the new baby in the immediate post‐partum period.ResultsResponse rate was 92.2%. A total of 70% (n = 545) of women initiated breastfeeding. Psychological IPV, reported by 21.0% (n = 151), increased the odds of breastfeeding avoidance (aOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.2–3.3) adjusting for the presence of obstetric complications (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.0–2.4).ConclusionsMothers with psychological IPV avoid breastfeeding. Clinicians should be aware of the risks to infant arising from this deficiency due to IPV in pregnancy.Tweetable abstractPsychological intimate partner violence, reported by one in five mothers in this study, on average doubles the avoidance of breastfeeding.
Changes in Fingerprints Depending on Physiological Factors
Authors: Czech Anna , Szabelak Aleksandra , Sowiński Artur 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of gender, body mass index, and time on the width of friction ridge impressions in fingerprints and the content of sweat and sebum forming the print. The research showed that the friction ridge impressions of women are significantly wider than those of men, and this tendency persists throughout the existence of the print. The differences may result from the anatomical structure of the skin, as well as from the use of protective products such as creams, which are used more often by women. The width of friction ridge impression is similar in underweight and overweight people, but greater than in those with normal body weight, and the amount of sweat and sebum increases with body weight. The passage of time significantly reduces both the width of the friction ridge impression and the content of sweat and sebum secretions in the print.
Effect of liraglutide on the Janus kinase/signal transducer and transcription activator (JAK/STAT) pathway in diabetic kidney disease in db/db mice and in cultured endothelial cells
Authors: Zitman‐Gal Tali , Einbinder Yael , Ohana Meital , Katzav Aviva , Kartawy Amany , Benchetrit Sydney 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence demonstrates the involvement of Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and transcription activator (JAK/STAT) proteins in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The JAK/STAT pathway is involved in the inflammatory response and endothelial cell dysfunction observed in DKD. The glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analog liraglutide is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes because it improves the inflammatory changes observed in experimental models of DKD. This study used db/db mice and endothelial cells (ECs) to determine the effect of diabetic environment on the JAK/STAT pathway and to assess the potential effect of liraglutide (200 μg/kg) in both models.MethodsDiabetic db/db mice (12 weeks old) were treated with liraglutide for 14 weeks. The kidneys were then perfused with saline and removed for mRNA, protein, and immunohistochemical analyses. Endothelial cells were stimulated advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (200 μg/μL) glucose (200 mg/dL) and liraglutide (100 nM) for 24 hours. Total RNA and protein were extracted and analyzed for expression of JAK/STAT signaling.ResultsPhosphorylated (p‐) STAT3 was significantly upregulated in db/db mice compared with non‐diabetic mice. Liraglutide significantly downregulated p‐STAT3 protein expression in db/db mice. In db/db mice, p‐STAT3 was primarily expressed in the glomeruli, whereas p‐JAK2 was also expressed in kidney tubules. In ECs, liraglutide treatment prevented increased expression of p‐STAT3 and p‐JAK2. Liraglutide inhibited the target gene suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in db/db mice and in cultured EC.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the GLP‐1 analog liraglutide inhibits the JAK/STAT pathway, which participates in intracellular processes in experimental models of diabetes.
Testing the Mantel statistic with a spatially‐constrained permutation procedure
Authors: Crabot Julie , Clappe Sylvie , Dray Stéphane , Datry Thibault 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMantel tests are widely used in ecology to assess the significance of the relationship between two distance matrices computed between pairs of samples. However, recent studies demonstrated that the presence of spatial autocorrelation in both distance matrices induced inflations of parameter estimates and type I error rates. These results also hold for partial Mantel test which is supposed to control for the spatial structures.To address the issue of spatial autocorrelation in testing the Mantel statistic, we developed a new procedure based on spatially constrained randomizations using Moran spectral randomization. A simulation study was conducted to assess the performance of this new procedure. Different scenarios were considered by manipulating the number of variables, the number of samples, the regularity of the sampling design and the level of spatial autocorrelation.As identified by previous studies, we found that Mantel statistic and its associated type I error rate are inflated in simple and partial Mantel tests when both distances matrices are spatially structured. We showed that these biases increased with the number of variables, decreased with the number of samples and were slightly lower for regular than irregular sampling. The new procedure succeeded in correcting the spurious inflations of the parameter estimates and type I error rates in any of the presented scenarios.Our results suggest that studies from several fields (e.g. genetic or community ecology) could have been overestimating the relationship between two distances matrices when both presented spatial autocorrelation. We proposed an alternative solution applicable in every field to correctly compute Mantel statistic with a fair type I error rate.
A comparison of the new ROTEM®sigma with its predecessor, the ROTEMdelta
Authors: Schenk B. , Görlinger K. , Treml B. , Tauber H. , Fries D. , Niederwanger C. , Oswald E. , Bachler M. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThromboelastometry point‐of‐care coagulation testing facilitates optimised management of bleeding. Previous thromboelastometry systems required the blood sample and liquid reagents to be pipetted in several manual steps by trained personnel. The ROTEMsigma coagulation analyser is a fully automated point‐of‐care device. We aimed to assess the reference ranges of the new device and to compare the results with those of the predecessor device, the ROTEMdelta. We took blood from healthy volunteers and from hyper‐ or hypocoagulable patients; blood samples from healthy volunteers served to determine reference ranges for the most important parameters for the ROTEMsigma: CTEXTEM 48–61 s; A5EXTEM 30–51 mm; MCFEXTEM 54–70 mm; CTINTEM 138–174 s; MCFINTEM 51–67 mm and MCFFIBTEM 5–24 mm. We then used blood samples from patients to compare the results obtained between the old and the new device. We found a strong correlation between the same tests performed on two ROTEMsigma devices and between the ROTEMsigma and the ROTEMdelta with respect to the determination of thromboelastometry parameters of hyper‐ and hypocoagulable patients (all p < 0.001 and R > 0.8). Performance evaluation for the ROTEMsigma device showed very high precision (R > 0.99, p < 0.001). Our reference ranges can serve as an important aid for other hospitals using this new device.
Theatrical Performance and the Archaeological Imagination: A Transformational Journey
Authors: Tobin Daniel Bird , Bird S. Elizabeth 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWhat happens when you take archaeological artifacts out of the lab or the museum, and use them to inspire a storytelling performance? How might artifacts inspire theater, and how might theater animate artifacts? Here, in a dialogue between a writer/performer and an anthropologist, we explore these questions, using a recent solo performance piece to think about the possibilities of theater inspired by an “archaeological imagination.”
Dining Across the Decades in Rajasthan, India: A Culminating Feast on a High of Religious Holidays
Authors: Thomas Rosin R. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryI tell tales of dining and drinking across three decades in Rajasthan, India, evoking memories of challenge and character defining choices. From whom and with whom I dine or drink proves to be an act expressing relative purity (shuddha) and adherence to principle (dharma). Each heartfelt choice leaves he investigators from a foreign land wondering about consequences upon our stature and rapport for subsequent research. Meanwhile the local community and I research a folk system of knowledge and practice in irrigated farming. Farmers are guardians of a legacy reshaping the landscape to harvest rainfall to recharge the aquifer for lift irrigation. Successful in this arid zone, they want to be heard. A celebratory meal culminates our decade‐long endeavor to persuade government administrators, engineers, and hydrologists to listen. In this pluralistic world of multiple castes, classes, and ethnicities, we, prove through our history of dining to be the perfect guests suited for this occasion. The feast is spontaneously arranged, an epiphany arising from our success that day, uniting administrator, researchers, and farmers. So gathered, Hindu, Muslim, Christian, and Jew, we discover how auspicious (shubh) is this moment, occurring on a high holiday according to the calendars of four separate religions. Everything has fallen into place. To quote a saying I heard in my fieldwork: “Shubh āve hae. The auspicious happens.” The trajectories of our separate pathways in life have joined, making this the most serendipitous of occasions. By turning the gaze from subjects to our joined intimacy of encounters, I have chosen narrative, rather than a conversation among scholars, to emphasize the primary conceptions underlying everyday concerns and aspirations in South Asian society.
New steps in infliximab therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Nemoz Benjamin , Ternant David , Bailly Sébastien , Gautier‐Veyret Elodie , Jourdil Jean‐François , Bonaz Bruno , Stanke‐Labesque Françoise 
Published: December 2018

AimsTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of infliximab (IFX) appears to be beneficial for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the recommended target concentrations depend partly on the method used to quantify IFX. Since we recently developed a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify IFX, we aimed to determine IFX trough concentrations (Cmin) associated with biological remission.MethodsWe retrospectively measured IFX Cmin in sera from 55 patients with IBD, on IFX maintenance therapy, and for whom demographic, biological and clinical data were collected from medical records. A threshold of IFX Cmin associated with biological remission (defined by C‐reactive protein < 5 mg l–1 and faecal calprotectin <150 μg g–1) was determined using receiver operating characteristics analysis.ResultsIFX Cmin ranged from <1 mg l–1 to 57.2 mg l–1. IFX Cmin were higher (P = 0.038) in patients with biological remission and a cut‐off of IFX Cmin set to 6.2 mg l–1 was associated with biological remission (sensitivity = 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.58–0.75; specificity = 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.39–0.83).ConclusionLiquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry measurement of IFX Cmin and the determination of a new threshold of IFX Cmin associated with biological remission are new steps towards IFX treatment personalization in patients with IBD.
Salt thickness and composition influence rift structural style, northern North Sea, offshore Norway
Authors: Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Elliott Gavin M. , Royce‐Rogers Elisabeth , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Aas Tor E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract“Salt” giants are typically halite‐dominated, although they invariably contain other evaporite (e.g. anhydrite, bittern salts) and non‐evaporite (e.g. carbonate, clastic) rocks. Rheological differences between these rocks mean they impact or respond to rift‐related, upper crustal deformation in different ways. Our understanding of basin‐scale lithology variations in ancient salt giants, what controls this and how this impacts later rift‐related deformation, is poor, principally due to a lack of subsurface datasets of sufficiently regional extent. Here we use 2D seismic reflection and borehole data from offshore Norway to map compositional variations within the Zechstein Supergroup (ZSG) (Lopingian), relating this to the structural styles developed during Middle Jurassic‐to‐Early Cretaceous rifting. Based on the proportion of halite, we identify and map four intrasalt depositional zones (sensu Clark et al., Journal of the Geological Society, 1998, 155, 663) offshore Norway. We show that, at the basin margins, the ZSG is carbonate‐dominated, whereas towards the basin centre, it becomes increasingly halite‐dominated, a trend observed in the UK sector of the North Sea Basin and in other ancient salt giants. However, we also document abrupt, large magnitude compositional and thickness variations adjacent to large, intra‐basin normal faults; for example, thin, carbonate‐dominated successions occur on fault‐bounded footwall highs, whereas thick, halite‐dominated successions occur only a few kilometres away in adjacent depocentres. It is presently unclear if this variability reflects variations in syn‐depositional relief related to flooding of an underfilled presalt (Early Permian) rift or syn‐depositional (Lopingian) rift‐related faulting. Irrespective of the underlying controls, variations in salt composition and thickness influenced the Middle Jurassic‐to‐Early Cretaceous rift structural style, with diapirism characterising hangingwall basins where autochthonous salt was thick and halite‐rich and salt‐detached normal faulting occurring on the basin margins and on intra‐basin structural highs where the salt was too thin and/or halite‐poor to undergo diapirism. This variability is currently not captured by existing tectono‐stratigraphic models largely based on observations from salt‐free rifts and, we argue, mapping of suprasalt structural styles may provide insights into salt composition and thickness in areas where boreholes are lacking or seismic imaging is poor.
Prevalence of reagent test‐kit use and perceptions of purity among ecstasy users in an electronic dance music scene in New York City
Authors: Palamar Joseph J. , Barratt Monica J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsEcstasy users in the electronic dance music scene are at high risk for using ecstasy adulterated with new psychoactive substances and/or methamphetamine. We examined self‐reported testing of ecstasy among users in this scene.Design and MethodsWe surveyed individuals (aged 18–40 years) entering electronic dance music parties in New York City in 2017. Past‐year ecstasy users (n = 351) were asked if they had tested their ecstasy in the past year. We estimated prevalence and correlates of having tested one's ecstasy.Results23.1% reported having tested their ecstasy in the past year. Those with some college (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.49, P = 0.014) or a college degree (aPR = 0.41, P = 0.025) were less likely to test their ecstasy than those with a high school diploma or less. Using ecstasy pills (aPR = 1.89, P = 0.036) or crystals (aPR = 1.90, P = 0.006) ≥3 times in the past year was associated with increased likelihood of testing one's ecstasy, and purchasing from an unknown or untrustworthy dealer was associated with decreased likelihood (aPR = 0.63, P = 0.034) of testing one's ecstasy. Half (51.1%) of ecstasy users reported finding out or suspecting their ecstasy had contained a drug other than MDMA. Of these, 49.2% reported finding out their ecstasy contained methamphetamine or speed/amphetamine. Most ecstasy users reported that they would be less likely to use again upon learning their ecstasy contained ‘bath salts’ (54.8%) or methamphetamine (54.3%).Discussion and ConclusionsDrug testing appears to help ecstasy users detect adulterants and results can help inform harm reduction efforts. Less frequent users in particular may require education about adulteration and drug‐testing.
Transcriptomic and lipidomic profiling of eicosanoid/docosanoid signalling in affected and non‐affected skin of human atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Töröcsik Daniel , Weise Christin , Gericke Janine , Szegedi Andrea , Lucas Renata , Mihaly Johanna , Worm Margitta , Rühl Ralph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLipoxygenases (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) are the main enzymes for PUFA metabolism to highly bio‐active prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, lipoxins, resolvins and protectins. LOX and COX pathways are important for the regulation of pro‐inflammatory or pro‐resolving metabolite synthesis and metabolism for various inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). In this study, we determined PUFAs and PUFA metabolites in serum as well as affected and non‐affected skin samples from AD patients and the dermal expression of various enzymes, binding proteins and receptors involved in these LOX and COX pathways. Decreased EPA and DHA levels in serum and reduced EPA level in affected and non‐affected skin were found; in addition, n3/n6‐PUFA ratios were lower in affected and non‐affected skin and serum. Mono‐hydroxylated PUFA metabolites of AA, EPA, DHA and the sum of AA, EPA and DHA metabolites were increased in affected and non‐affected skin. COX1 and ALOX12B expression, COX and 12/15‐LOX metabolites as well as various lipids, which are known to induce itch (12‐HETE, LTB4, TXB2, PGE2 and PGF2) and the ratio of pro‐inflammatory vs pro‐resolving lipid mediators in non‐affected and affected skin as well as in the serum of AD patients were increased, while n3/n6‐PUFAs and metabolite ratios were lower in non‐affected and affected AD skin. Expression of COX1 and COX‐metabolites was even higher in non‐affected AD skin. To conclude, 12/15‐LOX and COX pathways were mainly upregulated, while n3/n6‐PUFA and metabolite ratios were lower in AD patients skin. All these parameters are a hallmark of a pro‐inflammatory and non‐resolving environment in affected and partly in non‐affected skin of AD patients.
DNA‐analysis to monitor fisheries and aquaculture: Too costly?
Authors: Martinsohn Jann Th. , Raymond Paul , Knott Trey , Glover Kevin A. , Nielsen Einar Eg , Eriksen Lars Bonde , Ogden Rob , Casey John , Guillen Jordi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEvidence from DNA‐analysis is commonplace in human criminal investigations, and while it is increasingly being used in wildlife crime, to date, its application to control and enforcement activities in fisheries and aquaculture has only been sporadic. Contemporary DNA‐analysis tools are capable of addressing a broad range of compliance issues, species identification, mislabelling of fish products, determining the origin of catches and the farm of origin of aquaculture escapees. Such applications have the potential to ensure traceability along the fish product supply chain and to combat consumer fraud and Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing. Nevertheless, DNA‐analysis is not yet used routinely in investigations into compliance with fisheries and aquaculture legislation. One potential reason for this is that DNA‐analysis techniques may have been regarded as too expensive. However, costs have plummeted over the past decade prompting us to objectively assess whether the costs associated with routine use of DNA‐analysis techniques for fisheries and aquaculture control and enforcement activities do constitute an impediment. Based on a number of recent fisheries and aquaculture compliance investigations that incorporated DNA‐analysis, our results indicate that the use of genetic analysis was justified and worthwhile in all cases examined. We therefore conclude that the costs associated with DNA‐analysis do not represent a barrier to the routine adoption of DNA‐analysis techniques in fisheries and aquaculture compliance investigations. Thus, control and enforcement agencies should be encouraged to use such techniques routinely.