bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PO-169 Effect of Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle FSTL1 on Cardiac Structure and Function in Myocardial Infarction Rats
Authors: Hao Meili , Xi Yue , Cai Mengxin , Tian Zhenjun 
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1 on cardioprotection in myocardial infarction rats after resistance exercise or tibialis anterior muscle injection of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) adeno-associated virus vector and its possible signaling mechanisms.
Methods The male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10): Sham-operated group(S), sedentary MI group (MI), MI with resistance exercise group (MR), MI with empty adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector group (MV) and MI with FSTL1-AAV group (MF) after the MI model established which was induced by left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. S group underwent threading without ligation. 1 week post MI, rats in MR group underwent resistance exercise for 4 weeks, rats in MV and MF group were injected AAV empty vector and FSTL1-AAV in the tibialis anterior muscle of the left limb, respectively. The next day after exercise, rats were anesthetized and heart function was measured. Collagen volume fraction(%) of myocardium were observed and calculated by Masson staining; cardiomyocyte proliferation was measured by immunofluorescence; cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining; The protein expression of skeletal muscle and serum FSTL1 and myocardium FSTL1, DIP2A, pAkt/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR, CyclinD1, CDK4 and Bcl2/Bax in myocardium were measured by Western blotting.
Results The skeletal muscle FSTL1 protein expression was decreased but the serum and myocardium FSTL1 were upregulated in MI group. The myocardium fibrosis, cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were increased and the heart function was declined after MI. After resistance exercise or tibialis anterior muscle injection of FSTL1-AAV, the skeletal muscle, serum and myocardium FSTL1 protein expression were significantly increased, and there was a significant positive correlation between each data. Myocardium fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were also decreased, cardiomyocyte proliferation was increased and the heart function was significantly improved after FSTL1-AAV injection.
Conclusions Resistance exercise increases skeletal muscle FSTL1 expression. Skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1 can reach the heart through blood circulation, promote cardiomyocyte proliferation, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduce myocardium fibrosis and improve heart function in MI rats. Myocardium FSTL1 binds to its receptor, DIP2A, and activates the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway might be the potential mechanism of this protective effect.
PO-174 Nutritional supplement characteristics of different sports
Authors: Feng Ziyuan 
Published: October 2018

Objective This review mainly summarize the nutritional supplement characteristics of speed, endurance and strength sports, which can provide theoretical reference for coaches and athletes.
Methods Literature
Results Carbohydrates, VB1 and VC should be added to the speed program diet.Endurance items can be added to meet energy needs.The power type project should be sufficient protein, and appropriate complement of sodium, potassium and other electrolytes.
Conclusions Due to different energy supply methods, sports items have their own characteristics of nutritional supplement. According to the difference of sports, it is beneficial to improve athletes' performance to supplement nutrition.
PO-181 The Comparative Study on the Maximum Oxygen Uptake Test of 10- Month Old Wistar Rats
Authors: Dong Yanan , Qin Fei , Zhao Jiexiu , Wang Songtao , Xu Mingxiao , Wang Zhongwei 
Published: October 2018

Objective The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) is an ideal index to objectively evaluate the cardiopulmonary function, as well as the basic to define exercise intensity. In the field of sports science, laboratory animals are often used to explore the effect and mechanism of exercise intervention. Therefore, it is very important to design optimal VO2max test protocol and to ensure the accuracy of VO2max according to the characteristics of the experimental animal itself. In this study, Wistar rats were selected, and various VO2max test protocols were designed and analyzed to screen out the optimal VO2max test protocol for the 10-month old wistar rats.
Methods 20 SPF Wistar rats (male, 10 month old) were tested for maximal oxygen uptake by a four channel metabolic monitoring system and running treadmill. Five different test protocols were executed. Each rat completed five test protocols in random order with 3 days’ interval. The exercise performance (coordination degree, exhaustion state), oxygen uptake platform, finish time, VO2max and RER value were recorded during the test of each program, and the performance and test data were compared.
Results 1) 12 rats completed all 5 test protocols of VO2max. The induction ratio of VO2max of P1 was only 58%, and P2 and P4 were 75%. While, the induction rate of P3 and P5 were both 83%. 2) For the Bedford improvement protocol (P1), due to the intense increased exercise load, the rats showed more intense stress, the less coordination degree, injured even death, and lower induction rate of VO2max. 3) The VO2max and RER values induced by the P5 are significantly higher than that of P1 (p<0.05). The finish time of P3 is significantly higher than that of P1 (p<0.01) and P5 (p<0.05).
Conclusions For the VO2max test for middle aged rats, with the suitable speed of the running treadmill, the change of gradient should be as the main way of increasing load, or increasing the gradient of the slope firstly, which can obtained optimal VO2max, meanwhile reduce the stress response and the risk of injury and serious damage.
PO-107 Applied Research on Heart Rate Variability in Monitoring Sports Fatigue of Boxing Athletes
Authors: Wang Jinhao , Qiu Jun , Chen Shuai 
Published: October 2018

Objective Based on the diagnosis of sports fatigue using physiological and biochemical indicators, to detect the changes of heart rate variability (HRV) index before and after heavy load training in boxing athletes, and observe the effect of heavy load training on cardiac autonomic nerves. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of HRV to monitor boxing athletes’ sports fatigue.
Methods 16 athletes from Shanghai men's boxing team were recruited. The coach organized a 4-week heavy load training, on Monday morning before and after heavy load training, to evaluate whether athletes have exercise fatigue by testing white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), blood testosterone (T), cortisol (C), testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C), creatine kinase (CK), blood urea (BU) and morning pulse. Heart rate variability (HRV) indicators were detected simultaneously. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 statistical software. Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between HRV and physiological and biochemical indexes. The paired sample T test was used to compare the differences between the indicators, P<0.05, P<0.01 was statistically significant.
Results After heavy load training, when compared with indexes before heavy load training, T and T/C ratios decreased significantly (-38%, -52.7%, p<0.01), C and morning pulse increased significantly (+32.4%, +20.4%, p<0.05), BU and CK had an increasing trend but no statistical significance (+16.5%, +52.7%, p>0.05), while WBC, RBC and Hb showed no statistical significance (p>0.05), these changes in physiological and biochemical indexes can diagnose sports fatigue of boxing athletes after heavy load training. SDNN of HRV index was significantly correlated with morning pulse (p<0.05), RMSSD was significantly correlated with CK (p<0.05), LF was significantly correlated with Hb (p<0.05), and LF/HF was significantly correlated with T, C, T/C, morning pulse, CK (p<0.05). After heavy load training, LF and LF/HF of HRV index in boxing athletes were significantly increased than that before heavy load training (1744.7±1526.3 ms2 vs. 1134.5±1003.3 ms2, 2.5±1.3 vs. 1.6±1.0, p<0.05), the other HRV indexes showed no statistical significance (p>0.05).
Conclusions The LF and LF/HF changed significantly when boxing athletes appeared sports fatigue, suggesting that the sympathetic nervous system had enhanced activity and increased tension, the imbalance between Sympathetic and parasympathetic tend to predominate in sympathetic activity. LF and LF/HF are sensitive HRV indicators for monitoring sports fatigue in boxing athletes.
PO-109 Resistance Training prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Induced by hypoxia through regulating Akt-FoxO1 pathway
Authors: Yu Jiabei , Yu Hang , Li Yanchun , Han Tianyu , Bai Xuecheng , Zhu Rongxin 
Published: October 2018

Objective Skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia on the plateau will lead to the decrease of muscle strength and the degeneration of athletic ability. Resistance training is an efficient method to stimulate the growth of muscle and improve protein synthesis. Akt-FoxO1 (Fork head box protein 1) pathway plays a significant role in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein degradation. However, it is not clear whether resistance training could prevent skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and what is the regulation role of Akt-FoxO1 pathway. This study built a rat model that resistance training inhibited the skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and explore the variation of Akt, FoxO1, Murf and Atrogin-1.
Methods 40 male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group (C), resistance training group (R), hypoxia group (H) and hypoxia resistance training group (HR). H and HR group were placed into simulated 4000m altitude (12.4%, O2%) and R and HR group received ladder resistance training. Their incremental load is calculated by using average body weight. After 4 weeks intervention of hypoxia and resistance training, body composition, wet weight of skeletal muscle (soleus, musculus gastrocnemius,extensor digitorum longus and muscelus biceps brachii) and skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured. The expression of Akt, FoxO1, Murf and Atrogin-1 were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.Moreover,immunofluorescence technique was used to locate the phosphorylation of FoxO1.
Results The lean body mass of HR group was significantly higher than H group (P<0.05). The wet weight and CSA of muscelus biceps brachii in HR group were also higher than H group obviously (P<0.05). The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot showed that the expression of FoxO1 and MuRF of hypoxia group (H group) were significantly higher than control group. However after the intervention of resistance training, the expression of Akt was significantly up-regulate and FoxO1, MuRF were significantly down-regulate. Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the location of FoxO1 phosphorylation and the expression out of nucleus.
Conclusions Resistance training contribute to prevent the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and the form of climbing ladder training can stimulate the hypertrophy of biceps in rats. The results revealed that FoxO1 phosphorylation out of nucleus became higher after resistance training. All above revealed that resistance training could inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia. Akt promoted FoxO1 phosphorylation may become the molecular mechanisms that resistance training can inhibit the atrophy of skeletal muscle induced by hypoxia.
PO-112 The exploration of constitutively expressed myokines utilizing tissue-engineered skeletal muscle
Authors: Nakamura Tomohiro , Shibahara Tatsuki , Takamori Aya , Nunomiya Aki , Miyata Makoto , Akimoto Takayuki , Nagatomi Ryoichi , Fujisato Toshia 
Published: October 2018

Objective Recent evidence has identified skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. Many myokines, which are bioactive substances secreted from skeletal muscle, have been identified in plane muscle culture cells. Compared to the plane muscle culture cells, the tissue-engineered muscle is an excellent model as culture system mimicked native skeletal muscle. However, constitutively expressed genes and secreted compounds from tissue-engineered muscle have not been analyzed sufficiently. The purposes of this study were 1) to clarify kinetics of constitutively secreted compounds, and 2) to explore constitutively expressed genes in the tissue-engineered muscle.
Methods C2C12 cells embedded within collagen gel solution were placed between two tendons made up of elastase-treated acelluar porcine blood vessel. The constructs were cultured in growth media for 2 days and cultured in differentiation media for 6 days. To compare with plane culture cells, C2C12 cells were cultured in plane under the same condition as the construct. The culture media were obtained, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Furthermore, constitutively up-regulated genes in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle were explored based on microarray analysis and confirmed by RT-PCR.
Results MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry revealed that the number of detected peaks in tissue-engineered muscle was abundant compared to that of plane muscle culture cells, especially at range of low molecular weight. Furthermore, the detected peaks were substantially different among these culture media and specific peaks were identified in tissue-engineered muscle. Based on microarray analysis, the transcription of cholecystokinin identified, and confirmed the up-regulation in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle by RT-PCR.
Conclusions These results suggested that the tissue-engineered muscle constitutively secreted many compounds compared to plane culture cells, especially at range of low molecular weight. Furthermore, the transcription of cholecystokinin was up-regulated in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle. Besides of the plane muscle culture cells, it is possible to expect to obtain novel myokines utilizing tissue-engineered muscle.
PO-242 Effects of tail suspension on the expression of FNDC5/Irisin protein in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Sun Junzhi , Jiang Qiang 
Published: October 2018

Objective Irisin is a myokine secreted by skeletal muscle,and it is a type I membrane protein factor encoded by the protein 5(FNDC5) gene after cleavage and modification of the type III fibronectin component.Dependence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1α).In this study, the potential association between skeletal muscle atrophy and irisin was explored by detecting changes in rat soleus and gastrocnemius irisin-related proteins during unloading.
Methods Twenty male 8-week rats were randomly divided into control group C (n=10) and suspension group T (n=10). The tail suspension system (TSS) was used to perform a 2-week tail suspension experiment on the T group. Two weeks after the tail suspension test, the weights of the rats and the wet weights of soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were measured. HE staining was performed under light microscope to observe the changes of muscle fiber area of skeletal muscle in each group. Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression of MURF1, PGC-1α and FNDC5 in soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle of each group.
Results (1) The soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle mass in T group decreased by 28.6% (P<0.05) and 25.8% (P<0.01), respectively. (2) The cross-sectional area of soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle fiber in T group decreased by 20.5% (P<0.01) and 25.2% (P<0.05), respectively. (3) The MURF1 protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle in the T group was significantly higher than that in the C group (P<0.01). (4) The expression of PGC-1α protein in gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle of T group was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.05). (5) The expression of FNDC5 protein in gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle in T group was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.05).
Conclusions After sole tail suspension for two weeks, the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of the rats were obviously atrophied, and soleus muscle atrophy was more obvious. Skeletal muscle atrophy may be related to increased expression of MURF1. The decrease of FNDC5/Irisin content may be related to the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy, and PGC-1α also may be involved in this process.
PO-247 Research Progress of Diabetic Rat Model with Hypertension
Authors: Wang Hainiu 
Published: October 2018

Objective Diabetes mellitus coexisting with hypertension can accelerate and increase the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, and the establishment of corresponding animal models can provide the clinical evidence for hypertension with diabetes mellitus. The model of diabetic rats with hypertension was established in order to find the most reasonable model.
Methods Using the method of literature, the key words in Pubmed were: "diabetes mellitus"; "hypertension" ; "rat" ; The qualifying language for animal model is English, with a limitation period of 2008-2018. A total of 157 papers were collected and included into the standard: ①exclude the relevant model of renal hypertension; ②No other diseases other than diabetes and hypertension; A total of 42 studies were included.
Results There are 6 models of diabetes mellitus with hypertension in common use at present. ①Surgically induced bilateral renal artery stenosis in rats, followed by low-dose STZ intraperitoneal injection and feeding high-calorie diet. ②special chemical (STZ or alloxan) directly injected into Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) or combined with specific dietary induction; ③Hybridization of SHR and spontaneously diabetic rats; ④Inbred purebreds with a propensity to spontaneously diabetes, obese SHR and obese Zucker rats; ⑤Diabetes was induced by STZ injection with SHR in primary hypertensive rats. ⑥High-fat diet plus intraperitoneal injection of STZ into diabetic model combined with 1% NaCl water feeding.
Conclusions The preparation methods of several models have their own advantages and disadvantages. From the point of view of the pathogenesis of human diseases, it is more ideal to make inbred model with the tendency of spontaneous diabetes. From the point of view of economy and economy, the low-dose STZ intraperitoneal injection of SHR into diabetic hypertensive rat model is low cost, high model rate and convenient. The model rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension were induced by high-fat diet plus STZ plus 1% NaCl by intraperitoneal injection of STZ in combination with drinking water. Relatively close to the course of human disease, the cost is lower, and it is the most widely used modeling method at present. Conclusion: Different research targets correspond to different animal model vectors. In the future, we should try to establish a more perfect model of diabetes mellitus with hypertension, which is more similar to human disease, so as to provide a good platform for disease prevention and treatment.
PO-253 Study on the effects of thalamus on basal ganglia information integration and relay during the exhaustive exercise
Authors: Hu Yanru 
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the effects of thalamus on basal ganglia information integration and relay during the exhaustive exercise, and thus to reveal the possible mechanism underlying exercise induced central fatigue.
Methods 8 weeks old male Wistar rats were used in the experiment. By using local field potentials recording technique, the dynamic changes of neural activity in rats ventrolateralthalamus (VL) were observed during the exhaustive exercise. The changes of NR2B and GABAAa-1 receptor expression level in rats VL before , immediately after and 90 min after exhaustive exercise were also observed.
Results The changes of neural activity in rats VL demonstrated obvious phasic features. During automatic exercise phase, the frequency of neural activity increased, the amplitude decreased, activity of α wave increased significantly (P<0.05), the power spectrum gravity frequency increased significantly (P<0.05), these changes indicate the increased neuronal excitability. During early fatigue and exhaustion phases, the frequency of neural activity decreased, the amplitude increased, activity of δ and θ wave increased significantly (P<0.05). The power spectrum gravity frequency decreased significantly (P<0.05), this indicates the decreased neuronal excitability. The expression of GABAAa-1 receptors increased significantly (P<0.05) at timepoint of exhaustion and 90min after exhaustion compared with that of rest phase.
Conclusions As the relaying nucleus of ‘basal ganglia- thalamus-cortex’ pathway, changes of neural activity in VL is one of the important factors inducing development of fatigue and decrease of exercise performance. Changes of GABAAa-1 receptor expression may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to the change of neuronal excitability in VL.
PO-260 Anabolic signalling in individual muscle fibres following resistance exercise in combination with amino acid intake
Authors: Edman Sebastian , Söderlund Karin , Blomstrand Eva 
Published: October 2018

Objective Human muscle consists of a mixture of fibres with different contractile and metabolic properties, type I (slow-twitch) and type II (fast-twitch) fibres. Little is known about the effect of anabolic stimuli, in particular nutrition, on the molecular response in the different fibre types. Here, we examine the effect of resistance exercise and essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on mTOR signalling in individual type I and type II human muscle fibres.
Methods Five strength-trained male subjects performed two sessions of leg press exercise (10 x 10 repetition at 62-85 % of 1RM). During exercise and recovery, the subjects ingested an aqueous solution with EAA (290 mg/kg) or flavoured water (placebo). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and 90 min after exercise. The biopsies were freeze-dried and single fibres dissected out and weighed (range 0.9 – 8 ug). The fibres were individually homogenized and analysed for proteins in the mTOR pathway using Western blot. Membranes were repeatedly stripped and fibres were identified as type I or type II following incubation with antibodies against the different myosin isoforms.
Results Exercise led to a significant increase in mTOR and p70S6k1 phosphorylation and a fall in eEF2 phosphorylation, similar in both fibre types. There was a large variation between individual fibres; some fibres were highly activated whereas others were not activated at all despite the heavy exercise performed. Intake of EAA caused a 2- to 6-fold higher increase in mTOR and p70S6k1 phosphorylation in both type I and type II fibres as compared to intake of placebo, with no difference between the fibre types. The phosphorylation of eEF2 was not affected by intake of EAA. The total expression of p70S6k1 and eEF2 was 145% and 155% higher in type II than in type I fibres (P<0.05), respectively, whereas no difference between the fibre types was observed for mTOR protein.
Conclusions The response to heavy resistance exercise regarding mTOR signalling was similar in type I and type II fibres in trained subjects, but with a large variation between single fibres of both types. Furthermore, ingestion of EAA enhanced the effect of resistance exercise on phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6k1 in both fibre types.