bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TNF‐α mediated MEK–ERK signaling in invasion with putative network involving NF‐κB and STAT‐6: a new perspective in glioma
Authors: Ramaswamy Palaniswamy , Goswami Kalyan , Dalavaikodihalli Nanjaiah Nandakumar , Srinivas Dwarakanath , Prasad Chandrajit 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Invasion involves pro‐inflammatory cytokines and major signaling hubs. Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) acts as a master switch in establishing an intricate link between inflammation and cancer. The present study attempted to explore the possible implication of MAPK extracellular signaling‐regulated kinase kinase (MEK)–extracellular signaling‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and expression of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), signal transducers and activators of transcription‐6 (STAT‐6), ERK, and phosphorylated‐ERK (p‐ERK) signaling proteins in TNF‐α microenvironment. U0126 and PD98059 were used to inhibit the MEK–ERK1/2 pathway. TNF‐α stimulation enhanced invasion in U87MG, U251MG and patient‐derived primary glioma cells, whereas cell viability was not altered. Matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) activity was increased only in U251MG glioma cells. These data suggest that TNF‐α microenvironment plays an important role in the invasion of U251MG, U87MG, and patient‐derived primary glioma cells, without any cytotoxic effect. The MMP‐2 activity is differentially regulated by TNF‐α stimulation in these cells. TNF‐α stimulation upregulated the protein expression of ERK‐1, ERK‐2 and also increased the level of p‐ERK1/2. TNF‐α stimulation further upregulated the expression of NF‐κB1, STAT‐6 in tandem with Ras–MEK signaling system in U87MG cells, which emphasized the possible involvement of these signaling hubs in the glioma microenvironment. MEK–ERK inhibitors significantly attenuated the invasion of U87MG cells mediated by the TNF‐α stimulation, probably through their inhibitory impact on p‐ERK1/2 and ERK‐2. This study provides the possible rationale of invasion by glioma cells in a TNF‐α‐induced pro‐inflammatory milieu, which involves direct role of MEK–ERK signaling, with possible implication of NF‐κB and STAT‐6.
Wet milling technique applied to deoxynivalenol‐contaminated wheat dry‐milled fractions
Authors: Magallanes López Ana M. , Manthey Frank A. , Simsek Senay 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe consumption of wheat contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON), a highly water‐soluble Fusarium mycotoxin, represents a health threat to animals and humans. Dry milling does not destroy or remove DON from the grain but physically separates the bran and germ from the endosperm. Information is limited concerning the effectiveness of wet milling processes in removing DON from contaminated wheat dry milling fractions (farina/semolina, shorts, bran). The aim of this research was to determine the extent of DON removal from these wheat fractions during wet milling using the Martin process.FindingsAfter wet milling farina and semolina containing 2.76–5.07 mg/kg and 3.53–10.39 mg/kg DON, respectively, gluten extracted from hard red spring wheat (HRSW) contained low levels of DON < 0.60 mg/kg, while gluten extracted from durum wheat (DW) contained no detectable DON. The remainder of DON was found in the water‐soluble fraction. After wet milling shorts, DON levels were only detected in the freeze‐dried water‐soluble fraction. After wet milling the bran fraction, DON was found in isolated starch and destarched bran from HRSW and DW; the highest DON concentration was found in the freeze‐dried water‐soluble fraction accounting 83% and 88% in HRSW and DW, respectively.ConclusionsResults indicated that wet milling was effective in removing DON from the studied dry‐milled fractions.Significance and noveltyThe implementation of the wet milling technique could be useful in reducing or eliminating DON from dry milling products, which would allow them to be used in animal and human food.
Massive subchorionic hematoma (Breus’ mole) presents a variety of ultrasonic appearances: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yanagisawa Fumi , Aoki Shigeru , Odagami Mizuha , Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: March 2019

Key Clinical MessageMassive subchorionic hematoma (MSH) presents a variety of ultrasonic appearances. Placentomegaly with fetal growth restriction should be included as one of the differential diagnoses for intraplacental MSH. Care management of MSH requires to be tailored to each individual's responses while taking the NICU's capabilities and the patient's wishes into consideration.
Uranyl–Peroxide Capsule Self‐Assembly in Slow Motion
Authors: Arteaga Ana , Zhang Lei , Hickam Sarah , Dembowski Mateusz , Burns Peter C. , Nyman May 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUranyl‐peroxide capsules are the newest family of polyoxometalates. Although discovered 13 years previously with over 70 topologies reported, there is a lack in the fundamental understanding of assembly mechanisms, particularly the role of the alkali counterions. Herein, the reaction pathway and assembly of uranyl peroxide capsules is reported by tracking the conversion from K+ uranyl triperoxide monomer to the K+ uranyl‐peroxide U28 capsule by means of small‐angle X‐ray scattering and Raman spectroscopy. For the first time, the K+ uranyl‐peroxide pentamer face is isolated and structurally characterized, giving credence to the long‐held belief that these geometric faces serve as building blocks to the fully formed capsules. Once isolated and re‐dissolved, the pentamer face undergoes rapid conversion to capsule forms, underlining its high reactivity that challenges its isolation. Calorimetric measurements of the studied species confirms the pentamer lies on the energy landscape between the monomer and capsule.
Sonochemical Formation of Copper/Iron‐Modified Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Ketorolac Delivery
Authors: Radziuk Darya , Mikhnavets Lubov , Vorokhta Mykhailo , Matolín Vladimír , Tabulina Ludmila , Labunov Vladimir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA feasible sonochemical approach is described for the preparation of copper/iron‐modified graphene oxide nanocomposites through ultrasonication (20 kHz, 18 W cm−2) of an aqueous solution containing copper and iron ion precursors. Unique copper‐, copper/iron‐ and iron‐modified graphene oxide nanocomposites have a submicron size that is smaller than that of pristine GO and a higher surface area enriched with Cu2O, CuO, and Fe2O3 of multiform phases (α‐, β‐, ϵ‐, or γ), FeO(OH), and sulfur‐ or carbon‐containing compounds. These nanocomposites are sonochemically intercalated with the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketorolac, which results in the formation of nanoscale carriers. Ketorolac monotonically disintegrates from these nanoscale carriers in aqueous solution upon adjustment of the pH from 1 to 8. The disintegration of ketorolac proceeds at a slower rate from the copper/iron‐modified graphene oxide at increased pH, but at a faster rate from the iron‐modified graphene oxide under acidic conditions.
Dynamic Methanation of CO2 – Effect of Concentration Forcing
Authors: Kreitz Bjarne , Friedland Jens , Güttel Robert , Wehinger Gregor D. , Turek Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInvestigating the effect of concentration forcing of the CO2 methanation is not only relevant for power‐to‐gas plants but also for the study of dynamic phenomena of this reaction. In this study a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst is investigated under concentration forcing at industrially relevant conditions. The dynamic experiments allow an evaluation in terms of the reaction rate and enable the study of the reaction mechanism. The experiments show that no methane is formed in the CO2‐rich part of the cycle, whereas a fast hydrogenation of carbonaceous species to methane takes place upon switching to H2.
Image encryption based on a single‐round dictionary and chaotic sequences in cloud computing
Authors: Li Yinghua , Yu He , Song Bin , Chen Jinjun 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWith the increasing popularity of multimedia technology and the prevalence of various smart electronic devices, severe security problems have recently arisen in information and communication systems. The image maintenance can be treated as a typical example of cloud storage outsourcing as images require much more storage space than text documents. An image encryption method with high efficiency is crucial to preserve the privacy of sensitive and critical images in cloud‐edge communications. Compressive sensing (CS) is capable of reconstructing compressible or sparse signals using fewer measurements than traditional methods when the support of the signals is unobtainable in advance. Encryption methods based on CS decrease resources demands during signal acquisition and protect the image data to avoid theft of confidential information by malicious users. Moreover, the CS‐based encryption method can achieve the encryption and the compression of an image simultaneously. Recently, a considerable amount of work using CS theory has been reported. However, most of the existing methods result in recovered images with unsatisfactory quality and employ a massive measurement matrix as the encryption key. This paper proposes an encryption scheme for images on cloud based on a single‐round dictionary and chaotic sequences. Both the experimental and analytical results verify the proposed scheme's effectiveness, high level of security, and substantial image quality improvement after decryption.
Electrochemical Formation of Fe(IV)=O Derived from H2O2 on a Hematite Electrode as an Active Catalytic Site for Selective Hydrocarbon Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Kamiya Kazuhide , Kuwabara Akito , Harada Takashi , Nakanishi Shuji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Shuji Nakanishi. The image shows that Fe(lV)=O is generated from H2O2 on a hematite electrode and serve as the active center for selective styrene epoxidation. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/cphc.201801207.
Phase Transformation Behavior and Stability of LiNiO2 Cathode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries Obtained from In Situ Gas Analysis and Operando X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: de Biasi Lea , Schiele Alexander , Roca‐Ayats Maria , Garcia Grecia , Brezesinski Torsten , Hartmann Pascal , Janek Jürgen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNi‐rich layered oxide cathode materials, in particular the end member LiNiO2, suffer from drawbacks such as high surface reactivity and severe structural changes during de‐/lithiation, leading to accelerated degradation and limiting practical implementation of these otherwise highly promising electrode materials in Li‐ion batteries. Among all known phase transformations occurring in LiNiO2, the one from the H2 phase to the H3 phase at high state of charge is believed to have the most detrimental impact on the material's stability. In this work, the multistep phase transformation process and associated effects are analyzed by galvanostatic cycling, operando X‐ray diffraction, and in situ pressure and gas analysis. The combined results provide thorough insights into the structural changes and how they affect the stability of LiNiO2. During the H2–H3 transformation, the most significant change occurs in the c‐lattice parameter, resulting in large mechanical stress in LiNiO2. As for electrochemical stability, it suffers strongly in the H3 region. Oxygen evolution is observed not only during charge but also during discharge and found to be correlated with the presence of the H2 and H3 phases. Taken together, the experimental data improve the understanding of the degradation processes and the inherent instability of LiNiO2 in Li‐ion cells when operated above around 75 % state of charge.
Fabrication of Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells in High‐Humidity Environment through Trace‐Doping of Large‐Sized Cations
Authors: Liu Xueping , He Jiang , Wang Pengfei , Liu Yuhao , Xiao Junyan , Ku Zhiliang , Peng Yong , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Zhong Jie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSolution‐processed organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have shown photovoltaic performance above 23 %, attracting great attention. However, the champion devices require fabrication in a controlled inert/dry atmosphere. The development of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells under high‐humidity atmosphere conditions for future commercialization is still challenging, especially for CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), which is vulnerable to moisture. In this study, a large‐sized tert‐butylammonium [C(CH3)3NH3+] organic cation was incorporated into the MAPbI3 crystalline structure, which could form a more stable 3 D crystalline structure and alleviate the decomposition caused by the humidity. It delivered a power conversion efficiency of 19.3 % upon preparation under a humid environment condition of 50 % relative humidity as well as improved humidity and thermal stability. Our work provides a facile strategy for improving perovskite performance and stability by introducing a new chemical additive for the future application of perovskite solar cells.
Carbonaceous Anodes Derived from Sugarcane Bagasse for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Rath Purna Chandra , Patra Jagabandhu , Huang Hao‐Tzu , Bresser Dominic , Wu Tzi‐Yi , Chang Jeng‐Kuei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo realize the sustainability of Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) for large‐scale energy storage applications, a resource‐abundant and cost‐effective anode material is required. In this study, sugarcane bagasse (SB), one of the most abundant types of biowaste, is chosen as the carbon precursor to produce a hard carbon (HC) anode for NIBs. SB has a great balance of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which prevents full graphitization of the pyrolyzed carbon but ensures a sufficiently ordered carbon structure for Na+ transport. Compared with HC derived from waste apples, which are pectin‐rich and have less cellulose than SB, SB‐derived HC (SB‐HC) has fewer defects and a lower oxygen content. SB‐HC thus has a higher first‐cycle sodiation/desodiation coulombic efficiency and better cycling stability. In addition, SB‐HC has a unique flake‐like morphology, which can shorten the Na+ diffusion length, and higher electronic conductivity (owing to more sp2‐hybridized carbon), resulting in superior high‐rate charge–discharge performance to apple‐derived HC. The effects of pyrolysis temperature on the material characteristics and electrochemical properties, evaluated by using chronopotentiometry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, are systematically investigated for both kinds of HC.
AuPd‐Fe3O4 Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Furan‐2,5‐dimethylcarboxylate from 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural under Mild Conditions
Authors: Cho Ahra , Byun Sangmoon , Cho Jin Hee , Kim Byeong Moon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEfficient one‐pot oxidative esterification of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to furan‐2,5‐dimethylcarboxylate (FDMC) was achieved under extremely mild reaction conditions by using AuPd alloy nanoparticles (NPs) supported on Fe3O4. A high yield of FDMC (92 %) was obtained at room temperature under atmospheric O2. The reaction proceeded through the synergistic effects of the AuPd heterobimetallic catalyst system. The most effective molar ratio of noble metal contents for HMF oxidation was 1.00:1.18. If Au‐Fe3O4 NPs were used as the catalyst, selective synthesis of 5‐hydroxymethylfuroic acid methyl ester (HMFE) was achieved. Additionally, the AuPd‐Fe3O4 catalyst could be successfully reused.
Understanding the Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity and Oxidative Stability of Pt Supported on Nb‐Doped TiO2
Authors: He Cheng , Sankarasubramanian Shrihari , Matanovic Ivana , Atanassov Plamen , Ramani Vijay 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCommercial fuel cell electrocatalyst degradation results from carbon electrocatalyst support oxidation at high operating potential transients. Guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, Nb‐doped TiO2 (NTO) was synthesized, which exhibits a unique combination of high surface area, high electrical conductivity, and high porosity. This catalyst retained 78 % of its initial electrochemically active surface area compared with 57.6 % retained by Pt/C following the DOE/FCCJ protocol for accelerated stability test. Strong metal–support interactions, which were predicted by DFT calculations and confirmed experimentally by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and kinetics measurements, resulted in 21 % higher oxygen reduction reaction mass activity (at 0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) on Pt/NTO compared with commercial Pt/C. The ex situ activity and durability of Pt/NTO translated to a fuel cell. The rise in electrode ohmic resistance and non‐electrode concentration overpotential indicate that improving the conductivity of NTO and optimizing the catalyst ink formulation are critical next steps in the development of Pt/NTO‐catalyzed proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
On the performance of two‐user full‐duplex network‐coded cooperation
Authors: Mafra Samuel B. , Fernández Evelio M. G. , Montejo‐Sánchez Samuel , Souza Richard D. , Rayel Ohara K. , Rebelatto João L. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we propose two schemes based on a full‐duplex network‐coded cooperative communication (FD‐NCC) strategy, namely, full‐duplex dynamic network coding (FD‐DNC) and full‐duplex generalized dynamic network coding (FD‐GDNC). The use of full‐duplex communication aims at improving the spectrum efficiency of a two‐user network where the users cooperatively transmit their independent information to a common destination. In the proposed FD‐NCC schemes, the self‐interference imposed by full‐duplexing is modeled as a fading channel, whose harmful effect can be partially mitigated by interference cancellation techniques. Nevertheless, our results show that, even in the presence of self‐interference, the proposed FD‐NCC schemes can outperform (in terms of outage probability) the equivalent half‐duplex network‐coded cooperative (HD‐NCC) schemes, as well as traditional cooperation techniques. Moreover, the ϵ‐outage capacity, that is, the maximum information rate achieved by the users given a target outage probability, is evaluated. Finally, we examine the use of multiple antennas at the destination node, which increases the advantage of the FD‐NCC (in terms of the diversity‐multiplexing trade‐off and ϵ‐outage capacity).
Provably secure and efficient PUF‐based broadcast authentication schemes for smart grid applications
Authors: Ameri Mohammad Hassan , Delavar Mahshid , Mohajeri Javad 
Published: March 2019

SummaryMany smart grid applications need broadcast communications. Because of the critical role of the broadcasted messages in these applications, their authentication is very important to prevent message forgery attacks. Smart grid consists of plenty of low‐resource devices such as smart meters or phasor measurement units (PMUs) that are located in physically unprotected environments. Therefore, the storage and computational constraints of these devices as well as their security against physical attacks must be considered in designing broadcast authentication schemes. In this paper, we consider two communication models based on the resources of the broadcasters and receivers and propose a physical unclonable function (PUF)–based broadcast authentication scheme for each of them including Broadcast Authentication with High‐Resource Broadcaster (BA‐HRB) and Broadcast Authentication with Low‐Resource Broadcaster (BA‐LRB). We formally prove that both schemes are unforgeable and memory leakage resilient. Moreover, we analyze the performance of our proposed schemes and compare them with related works. The comparison results demonstrate a significant improvement in the storage and computational overhead of our schemes compared with the related works.
Warm, dry winters truncate timing and size distribution of seaward‐migrating salmon across a large, regulated watershed
Authors: Munsch Stuart H. , Greene Correigh M. , Johnson Rachel C. , Satterthwaite William H. , Imaki Hiroo , Brandes Patricia L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEcologists are pressed to understand how climate constrains the timings of annual biological events (phenology). Climate influences on phenology are likely significant in estuarine watersheds because many watersheds provide seasonal fish nurseries where juvenile presence is synched with favorable conditions. While ecologists have long recognized that estuaries are generally important to juvenile fish, we incompletely understand the specific ecosystem dynamics that contribute to their nursery habitat value, limiting our ability to identify and protect vital habitat components. Here we examined the annual timing of juvenile coldwater fish migrating through a seasonally warm, hydrologically managed watershed. Our goal was to (1) understand how climate constrained the seasonal timing of water conditions necessary for juvenile fish to use nursery habitats and (2) inform management decisions about (a) mitigating climate‐mediated stress on nursery habitat function and (b) conserving heat‐constrained species in warming environments. Cool, wet winters deposited snow and cold water into mountains and reservoirs, which kept the lower watershed adequately cool for juveniles through the spring despite the region approaching its hot, dry summers. For every 1°C waters in April were colder, the juvenile fish population (1) inhabited the watershed 4–7 d longer and (2) entered marine waters, where survival is size selective, at maximum sizes 2.1 mm larger. Climate therefore appeared to constrain the nursery functions of this system by determining seasonal windows of tolerable rearing conditions, and cold water appeared to be a vital ecosystem component that promoted juvenile rearing. Fish in this system inhabit the southernmost extent of their range and already rear during the coolest part of the year, suggesting that a warming climate will truncate rather than shift their annual presence. Our findings are concerning for coldwater diadromous species in general because warming climates may constrain watershed use and diminish viability of life histories (e.g., late springtime rearing) and associated portfolio benefits over the long term. Lower watershed nurseries for coldwater fish in warming climates may be enhanced through allocating coldwater reservoir releases to prolong juvenile rearing periods downstream or restorations that facilitate colder conditions.