bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analysis of free writing, vocabulary,
and dyslexia in English as a native and foreign language (English vs. Polish students)
Authors: Łockiewicz Marta , Jaskulska Martyna , Fawcett Angela 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe aim of our study was to compare free writing skills in English as a native language and a foreign language (in English and Polish students respectively). English and Polish have dissimilar orthographies in terms of grapheme-phoneme correspondence rules that is why we were curious to examine whether native and foreign speakers of English exhibit some similarities and/or differences in terms of writing and vocabulary, controlling the dyslexia factor at the same time.Participants and procedure28 English junior high school students: 13 with dyslexia (ED), 15 without (END), and 32 Polish junior high school students: 16 with dyslexia (PD) and 16 without (PND) participated. They completed tests measuring free writing and vocabulary in English as a native (ED and END) and a foreign (PD and PND) language.ResultsWe found that both PD and PND knew fewer words of different difficulty, made more grammar errors, wrote shorter compositions, and composed shorter sentences than ED and END, demonstrating the influence of a NL and a negative linguistic transfer between synthetic Polish and analytical English. In a free writing task, tough, they committed an equal number of phonological and orthographic errors, probably choosing best-known words, which did not allow to demonstrate the expected deficits of students with dyslexia due to phonological deficit.ConclusionsGenerally, both PD and PND, despite having studied EFL for on average 7 years, failed to equal their ED and END peers’ performance in a simple free writing task. Dyslexia and/or related spelling errors correlated with vocabulary in both Polish and English students, confirming that dyslexia may limit one’s mental lexicon for both NL speakers and FL learners.
Emergence of a localized total electron content enhancement during the severe geomagnetic storm of 8 September 2017
Authors: Sotomayor-Beltran Carlos , Andrade-Arenas Laberiano 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this work, the results of the analysis on total electron
content (TEC) data before, during and after the geomagnetic storm of
8 September 2017 are reported. One of the responses to geomagnetic storms due
to the southern vertical interplanetary magnetic field (Bz) is the
enhancement of the electron density in the ionosphere. Vertical TEC (VTEC)
from the Center for Orbit determination in Europe (CODE) along with a
statistical method were used to identify positive and/or negative ionospheric
storms in response to the geomagnetic storm of 8 September 2017. When
analyzing the response to the storm of 8 September 2017 it was indeed
possible to observe an enhancement of the equatorial ionization anomaly
(EIA); however, what was unexpected was the identification of a local TEC
enhancement (LTE) to the south of the EIA (∼40∘ S, right over
New Zealand and extending towards the southeastern coast of Australia and
also eastward towards the Pacific). This was a very transitory LTE that
lasted approximately 4 h, starting at ∼ 02:00 UT on 8 September
where its maximum VTEC increase was of 241.2 %. Using the same statistical
method, comparable LTEs in a similar category geomagnetic storm, the 2015
St. Patrick's Day storm, were looked for. However, for the aforementioned
storm no LTEs were identified. As also indicated in a past recent study for a
LTE detected during the 15 August 2015 geomagnetic storm, an association
between the LTE and the excursion of Bz seen during the 8 September 2017
storm was observed as well. Furthermore, it is very likely that a direct
impact of the super-fountain effect along with traveling ionospheric
disturbances may be playing an important role in the production of this LTE.
Finally, it is indicated that the 8 September 2017 LTE is the second one to
be detected since the year 2016.
Effects of Replacement of Fish Oil by a Mixture of Balanites aegyptiaca and Adansonia digitata Seed Oils on the Growth and Survival of Clarias anguillaris Fries (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Sagne Mariama , Fall Jean , Loum Abdoulaye , Djiba Pathe Karim , Ndong Diégane , Diouf Malick 
Published: March 2019

To investigate the effects of replacement of fish oil by a mixture of Balanites aegyptiaca and Adansonia digitata seed oils three isonitrogenous (35.36%) and isoenergetic diets (3.48 MJ / kg) were formulated for one kilogram (1kg). The study was carried out on fries Clarias anguillaris for six weeks.At the beginning of the experiment, 90 Clarias anguillaris of the initial average weight of 0.82 ± 0.055g were randomly divided into three different groups with two replicates containing 15 fish/each. Fish were kept in six plastic tanks (50 x 40 x 30 cm) container (50 L). The results showed that the substitution of fish oil by a mixture of Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil and Adansonia digitata seed oil gives growth for all diets. However, the best growths are obtained from all points of view (MWGr, MWGa and SGR) with diet A (mixture of Adansonia seed oil and Balanites seed oil at a ratio of 20 : 20) followed by the diet D (mixture of Adansonia seed oil and Balanites seed oil at 10 : 30) compare to the control diet M containing fish oil. The best FCR was observed with the diet A followed by the diet D compare to the FCR observed with the diet M. The PER was higher in diet A (0.57) followed by diet D with (0.45) that has no significant difference with the control diet M (0.43). The highest value 63% was obtained with the diet D followed by 60% with the diet M and finally the lowest value 53% was obtained with the diet A. In regards to the growth performance, fish fed a 100% vegetable oil diet showed the best growth performance. Therefore, the replacement of fish oil with a mixture of Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil and Adansonia digitata seed oil has no negative impact on the growth of Clarias anguillaris fry. It would be interesting first to study the inclusion rate of Balanites aegyptiaca seed oil for a partial replacement of fish oil.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Internal Compartment Layout of Oil Tankers
Authors: Jafaryeganeh Hamidreza , Ventura Manuel , Soares Carlos Guedes 
Published: March 2019

This work deals with the design of the internal layout of a shuttle tanker formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem, balancing cargo capacity and minimizing still water bending moment with safety requirements, in particular survivability after damage. A parametric model is used to specify the internal layout of a tanker ship considering a fixed hull shape and regulatory framework. The design variables include positions of watertight members in the internal layout, such as watertight bulkhead position, double-bottom height, and wing tanks width. Merit functions are the minimization of oil outflow parameter, maximization of cargo capacity, and minimization of the longitudinal bending moment, which are, respectively, represented for reduction of environmental pollution due to damaged oil tankers, improvement of economic benefits, and safety during operation. The multi-objective genetic algorithm is used for approaching the Pareto frontiers, and the choices between the optimal designs are discussed while introducing a utility function.

1. Introduction
The internal layout of the ship's hull is established in the initial stage of ship design. The size and location of the internal spaces are defined taking into consideration the type of ship and the type of content and usage of the compartments. On the other hand, survivability regulations impose limitations in the subdivision arrangement of the ship. Also, the economic competitiveness has special importance in the design of a merchant ship. Cargo capacity and building cost are some of those economic objectives that are not necessarily in accordance with the improvement of safety objectives. Thus, the design of the internal layout of the vessels can be studied as a multi-objective optimization problem targeting safety improvement after damage besides decreasing the cost functions. A diversity of internal layout designs can be investigated within an optimization framework to choose the dominating design among the feasible solutions (Nowacki 2010). However, targeting a variety of objective functions complicates the process of internal compartment design, especially when the main hull dimensions have to be kept constant (Santos & Guedes Soares 2010).
The Map as a Search Box: Using Linked Data to Create a Geographic Discovery System
Authors: Mckee Gabriel 
Published: March 2019

This article describes a bibliographic mapping project recently undertaken at the Library of the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW). The MARC Advisory Committeerecently approved an update to MARC that enables the use of dereferenceable Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) in MARC subfield $0. The ISAW Library has taken advantage of MARC’s new openness to URIs, using identifiers from the linked data gazetteer Pleiades in MARC records and using this metadata to create maps representing our library’s holdings. By populating our MARC records with URIs from Pleiades, an online, linked open data (LOD) gazetteer of the ancient world, we are able to create maps of the geographic metadata in our library’s catalog. This article describes the background, procedures, and potential future directions for this collection-mapping project.
Evaluation of Planting Dates on Growth and Yield of Three Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.] Genotypes in Northern Ghana
Authors: Alidu M. S. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Time of planting has remarkable influence on both yield and yield components of crops and therefore identification of the appropriate planting time is essential for crop improvement.
Aims: To assess the effect of planting dates on growth and yield of three cowpea genotypes.
Study Design: The study was designed as 3×4 factorial experiments in a randomized complete block design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried in the field over a three-month period at the Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale-Northern Ghana.
Methodology: The study was designed as 3×4 factorial experiments in split-plot in randomized complete block design. The genotypes were 3 genotypes with 4 planting dates. Treatment combinations were replicated three times.
Results: Analysis of variance indicated significant effects on percentage germination, plant height at flowering, plant height at maturity and at harvest, pods per plant, pod yield and seeds per pod. Padi- tuya performed better than the other two genotypes in terms of performance for grain yield for all the planting dates. However, there were no significant difference between the first planting and second planting date.
Conclusion: Padi-tuya was the most superior variety for grain yield. To achieve higher yields, cowpea should be planted between the middle of July and Early August. Early planting resulted in maturity coinciding with wet period resulting in reduction in quality of seeds. Late planting especially in late August resulted in poor yields.
Association of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Polymorphisms T-786c & 27bp (4b/4a) with Obesity in Egypt
Authors: Elbaz Rizk , Barakat Lamiaa A. A. , Nageb Ahmed , Sherif Mohamed 
Published: March 2019

Background and Objective: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism (eNOS) is one of three isoforms that synthesize nitric oxide (NO), that participates in several biological processes have been associated with obesity. This study was undertaken to determine if eNOS gene (T786C) and 27bp (4b/4a) were associated with susceptibility of obesity.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 200 cases divided into 100 obese patient and 100 healthy as control. The mean age cases was (27.02 ± 10.90) they include 79 female and 21 males. All participants were subjected to an estimation of their body mass index (BMI), weight hip ratio (WHR), in addition to random blood sugar (RBS), total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH). DNA was amplified using PCR-SSP for detection of relation between polymorphism and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in two parts T786C and 27bp (4b/4a).
Results: All cases showed that there were significant difference between cases and controls regarding to their chemical lab’s analysis (TG, Cholesterol, LDL and HDL).All cases showed significant frequency of T786C TT, CC, TC vs. controls (p<0.001) these was considered risk factor for disease. On the other hand there no significant difference between 27bp aa, bb, and ab (p=0.618) vs. controls.
Conclusion: The polymorphism T786C not the 27bp in eNOS was associated with obesity.
Cross-Sectional Study of Impact of Social Support on Depression among Type 2 Diabetics in a Secondary Health Care Facility in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ilori H. T. , Ajetunmobi O. A. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To assess the level of social support and determine the relationship between depression and social support among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Study Design: This study was a cross-sectional survey.
Place and duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Medical Out Patients (MOP) clinic of Jericho Specialist Hospital, Ibadan between 1st of August and 30th of September 2017.
Methodology: Systematic sampling technique was used to recruit 273 type 2DM patients who were 40 years and above, receiving care at the MOP clinic for at least 3months. Diabetes-related information was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Zung self-rating scale and multidimensional perceived social support scale were used to assess depression and social support respectively. Independent t-test was used to determine the relationship between depression and social support and the level of significance was set at p<.05.
Results: Half (50.5%) of the respondents were diagnosed in the past 5 years as having type 2 DM, 79.5% had hypertension as a co-morbidity and 51.6% had good glycaemic control. The prevalence of depression was 27.5%, mild and moderate depression were 26.4% and 1.1% respectively and none had severe depression. One hundred and two (37.4%),56.0% and 6.6% respondents had high, moderate and low social support respectively. The highest social support scores 5.9 + 1.7 was from family. Total perceived social support was higher among non-depressed diabetic respondents. There was a significant difference between the mean total support in the depressed and non-depressed group (4.88 ± 1.41 vs 4.50 ± 1.24, p = .03).
Conclusion: Type 2 DM patients who had high social support were less depressed, therefore, clinicians managing DM patients should explore the social support enjoyed by such patients to achieve good health outcome.
Arginine‐95 is important for recruiting superoxide to the active site of the FerB flavoenzyme of Paracoccus denitrificans
Authors: Sedláček Vojtěch , Kučera Igor 
Published: March 2019

Ferric reductase B (FerB) is a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)‐containing NAD(P)H:acceptor oxidoreductase structurally close to the Gluconacetobacter hansenii chromate reductase (ChrR). The crystal structure of ChrR was previously determined with a chloride bound proximal to FMN in the vicinity of Arg101, and the authors suggested that the anionic electron acceptors, chromate and uranyl tricarbonate, bind similarly. Here, we identify the corresponding arginine residue in FerB (Arg95) as being important for the reaction of FerB with superoxide. Four mutants at position 95 were prepared and found kinetically to have impaired capacity for superoxide binding. Stopped‐flow data for the flavin cofactor showed that the oxidative step is rate limiting for catalytic turnover. The findings are consistent with a role for FerB as a superoxide scavenging contributor.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 Directly on 2D Materials for High‐Performance Electronics
Authors: Li Na , Wei Zheng , Zhao Jing , Wang Qinqin , Shen Cheng , Wang Shuopei , Tang Jian , Yang Rong , Shi Dongxia , Zhang Guangyu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDue to the lack of surface dangling bonds of 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, MoS2 etc., deposition of high‐κ dielectrics directly on such 2D materials by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is difficult and a nucleation layer is usually required. Here an ALD approach is developed to deposit high‐κ dielectric layer, e.g., Al2O3, directly on 2D materials without the aid of the nucleation layer or introducing structural damages. In this approach, an individual deposition cycle includes one incremental organometallic pulse and multiple H2O pulses to guarantee the uniform deposition of high‐quality high‐κ dielectric layers on graphene, MoS2, and other 2D materials directly. Large‐scale top‐gated MoS2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) with Al2O3 as dielectric layers exhibit excellent performances including high on/off ratio exceeding 108 and mobility up to 70 cm2 V−1 s−1. The high‐quality Al2O3 layer is also integrated into MoS2 based flexible FETs and inverters, and a significant voltage gain of 412 is obtained. This ALD approach also works for other materials like gold with inert surfaces, showing great promise for novel electronics.
Strategies for Air‐Stable and Tunable Monolayer MoS2‐Based Hybrid Photodetectors with High Performance by Regulating the Fully Inorganic Trihalide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Louwen , Shen Shaoli , Li Man , Li Luying , Zhang Jibin , Fan Lianwei , Cheng Feng , Li Chen , Zhu Meng , Kang Zhe , Su Jun , Zhai Tianyou , Gao Yihua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe past several years have seen the rapid development of fully inorganic trihalide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) in the field of hybrid optoelectronic devices due to their outstanding photophysical properties and environmental stability. In this study, novel and easily implementable strategies are proposed to regulate the photoresponse performance of monolayer MoS2/PNC hybrid photodetectors (HPs) without the photogating effect. The optoelectronic properties of these HPs are tuned by regulating the characteristic factors of colloidal PNCs (solution concentration and surface ligand content), which are closely associated with the light‐trapping ability of the perovskite layer and charge transfer efficiency at the heterojunction interface. Moreover, oxygen adsorbates are found to exhibit a typical p‐type behavior and play a decisive role in the improvement of response rate of the HPs. In the air, the HPs present a high photoresponsivity of 6.40 × 105 mA W−1, an external quantum efficiency of 1.50 × 105%, and a specific detectivity of 3.38 × 1011 Jones when the gate voltage is zero. The HPs also exhibit excellent thermal stability and operation durability, largely due to the intrinsic stability of PNCs. The present work provides promising strategies for regulating/optimizing the performance of advanced functional devices with mixed‐dimensional heterojunctions.
Substrate‐Independent High‐Throughput Assay for the Quantification of Aldehydes
Authors: Ressmann Anna K. , Schwendenwein Daniel , Leonhartsberger Simon , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Winkler Margit , Rudroff Florian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe selective and direct reduction of carboxylic acids into the corresponding aldehydes by chemical methods is still a challenging task in synthesis. Several reductive and oxidative chemical methods are known to produce aldehydes, but most of them require expensive reagents, special reaction conditions, are two‐step procedures and often lack chemoselectivity. Nature provides an elegant tool, so called carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) for the direct reduction of carboxylic acids to aldehydes. Discovery as well as engineering of novel CAR enzymes necessitates a robust, product selective high‐throughput assay (HTA). We report a simple and fast HTA that allows the substrate‐independent and chemoselective quantification of aldehydes (irrespective of their chemical structure) and is sensitive to the nM range. The HTA was validated by NMR and GC analyses and in microbial cells by reexamination of the substrate scope of CAR from Nocardia iowensis (CARNi). The results were fully consistent with reported data.magnified image
Machine Learning Augmented Discovery of Chalcogenide Double Perovskites for Photovoltaics
Authors: L. Agiorgousis Michael , Sun Yi‐Yang , Choe Duk‐Hyun , West Damien , Zhang Shengbai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHybrid organic inorganic perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3 have drastically increased in efficiency over the past several years and are competitive with decades‐old photovoltaic materials such as CdTe. Despite this impressive increase, significant issues still remain due to the intrinsic instability of CH3NH3PbI3 which degrades into carcinogenic PbI2. Recently, double halide perovskites which use a pair of 1+–3+ cations to replace Pb2+, such as Cs2InSbI6, and chalcogenide perovskites, such as BaZrS3, have been explored as potential replacements. In this work, double chalcogenide perovskites are explored to identify novel photovoltaic absorbers that can replace CH3NH3PbI3. Due to the large space of possible compounds, machine learning methods are used to classify materials as potential photovoltaic absorbers using data from the periodic table, eliminating wasteful computation. A random forest algorithm achieves a cross‐validation accuracy of 86.4% on the constructed data set. Over 450 possible replacements are identified via traditional and statistical methods with Ba2AlNbS6, Ba2GaNbS6, Ca2GaNbS6, Sr2InNbS6, and Ba2SnHfS6 as the most promising alternative when thermodynamic stability, kinetic stability, and optical absorption are considered.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Salinosporamide A via a Late Stage C−H Insertion
Authors: Gholami Hadi , Kulshrestha Aman , Favor Olivia K. , Staples Richard J. , Borhan Babak 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of (−)‐salinosporamide A, a proteasome inhibitor, is described. The synthesis highlights the assembly of a densely decorated pyrrolidinone core via an aza‐Payne/hydroamination sequence. Central to the success of the synthesis is a late‐stage C−H insertion reaction to functionalize a sterically encumbered secondary carbon. The latter functionalization leads to an enabling transformation where most of the prototypical strategies failed.
Enhancing Activity and Reducing Cost for Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 by Supporting Palladium on Metal Carbides
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Kattel Shyam , Hawxhurst Christopher J. , Lee Ji Hoon , Tackett Brian M. , Chang Kuan , Rui Ning , Liu Chang‐Jun , Chen Jingguang G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with renewable electricity is a potentially sustainable method to reduce CO2 emissions. Palladium supported on cost‐effective transition‐metal carbides (TMCs) are studied to reduce the Pd usage and tune the activity and selectivity of the CO2RR to produce synthesis gas, using a combined approach of studying thin films and practical powder catalysts, in situ characterization, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Notably, Pd/TaC exhibits higher CO2RR activity, stability and CO Faradaic efficiency than those of commercial Pd/C while significantly reducing the Pd loading. In situ measurements confirm the transformation of Pd into hydride (PdH) under the CO2RR environment. DFT calculations reveal that the TMC substrates modify the binding energies of key intermediates on supported PdH. This work suggests the prospect of using TMCs as low‐cost and stable substrates to support and modify Pd for enhanced CO2RR activity.