bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolution of a Low‐Lying Placenta and Placenta Previa Diagnosed at the Midtrimester Anatomy Scan
Authors: Durst Jennifer K. , Tuuli Methodius G. , Temming Lorene A. , Hamilton Owen , Dicke Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo identify the incidence and resolution rates of a low‐lying placenta or placenta previa and to assess the optimal time to perform follow‐up ultrasonography (US) to assess for resolution.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with a diagnosis of a low‐lying placenta or placenta previa at routine anatomic screening. Follow‐up US examinations were reviewed to estimate the proportion of women who had resolution. A Kaplan‐Meier survival curve was generated to estimate the median time to resolution. The distance of the placental edge from the internal cervical os was used to categorize the placenta as previa or low‐lying (0.1–10 or ≥ 10–20 mm). A time‐to‐event analysis was used to estimate predictive factors and the time to resolution by distance from the os.ResultsA total of 1663 (8.7%) women had a diagnosis of a low‐lying placenta or placenta previa. The cumulative resolution for women who completed 1 or more additional US examinations was 91.9% (95% confidence interval, 90.2%‐93.3%). The median time to resolution was 10 (interquartile range [IQR], 7–13) weeks. The distance from the internal cervical os was known for 658 (51.0%) women. The probability of resolution was inversely proportional to the distance from the internal os: 99.5% (≥10–20 mm), 95.4% (0.1–10 mm), and 72.3% (placenta previa; P < .001). The median times to resolution were 9 (IQR, 7–12) weeks for 10 to 20 mm, 10 (IQR, 7–13) weeks for 0.1 to 10 mm, and 12 (IQR, 9–15) weeks for placenta previa (P = .0003, log rank test).ConclusionsA low‐lying placenta or placenta previa diagnosed at the midtrimester anatomy survey resolves in most patients. Resolution is near universal in patients with an initial distance from the internal os of 10 mm or greater.
Reproducibility of Lung‐to‐Head Ratio Ultrasound Measurements in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Novoa y Novoa Victoria Arruga , Sutton Laura F. , Neis Allan E. , Marroquin Amber M. , Freimund Tamara A. , Coleman Tracey M. , Praska Kathleen A. , Ruka Krystal L. , Warzala Vicki L. , Sangi‐Haghpeykar Haleh , Ruano Rodrigo 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThis study investigated the reproducibility of standardization of lung‐to‐head ratio measurements in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) at our center among sonographers after we standardized the method.MethodsWe reviewed ultrasound images of 12 fetuses with CDH at Mayo Clinic from 2010 to 2016. Nine operators (1 maternal‐fetal medicine specialist with experience in measuring the lung‐to‐head ratio and 8 sonographers), who were blinded to previous findings, reviewed 33 selected images from 12 fetuses with left CDH. The method for lung‐to‐head ratio measurement was standardized before starting the measurements. The lung‐to‐head ratio was assessed by different methods to obtain the lung areas: anteroposterior, longest, and area tracing. We evaluated the correlation between operators using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We also compared agreement between the sonographers and a physician with experience in measuring the lung‐to‐head ratio using a Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsThe methods with the best interoperator reproducibility were the standardized anteroposterior lung‐to‐head ratio (ICC, 0.69) and the standardized lung‐to‐head ratio tracing (ICC, 0.65) compared to the longest lung‐to‐head ratio (ICC, 0.56). The standardized lung‐to‐head ratio tracing had the best agreement among sonographers and the physician (bias, 0.11; limits of agreement, −0.27 to +0.49) than the anteroposterior lung‐to‐head ratio (bias, 0.35; limits of agreement, −0.13 to + 0.83) and the longest lung‐to‐head ratio (bias, 0.27; limits of agreement, −0.35 to +0.89).ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the lung‐to‐head ratio tracing method has high interoperator reproducibility and the best agreement among the operators at our center. Further multicenter studies are necessary to confirm our results.
Three‐Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography of Skeletal Muscle: Preliminary Study
Authors: Yin Li , Lu Ruigang , Cao Wen , Zhang Lingling , Li Wenjing , Sun Hong , Guo Ruijun 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTwo‐dimensional (2D) shear wave elastography (SWE) can measure the elasticity of skeletal muscle, tendons, and ligaments. Three‐dimensional (3D) SWE has been used to detect breast cancer but has not been applied to the musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to investigate whether 3D SWE could be used in skeletal muscles in vivo.MethodsThe study enrolled 20 healthy volunteers at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from August to October 2016. Two‐dimensional and 3D SWE scans were used to measure the Young modulus of the flexor carpi radialis in the relaxed state. Longitudinal and transverse scanning was performed. Data were analyzed by a 1‐way analysis of variance/least significant difference post hoc test, a paired t test, and Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsThe participants included 10 male and 10 female volunteers with a mean age ± SD of 25 ± 5 years. The Young modulus did not differ between 3D and 2D SWE for the sagittal plane (longitudinal scanning, 34.9 ± 5.7 versus 32.7 ± 5.2 kPa; P = .096) or transverse plane (transverse scanning, 9.1 ± 2.1 versus 9.2 ± 1.6 kPa; P = .877). The Young modulus did not differ between sagittal, transverse, and coronal planes for 3D SWE longitudinal scanning (34.9 ± 5.7, 34.3 ± 5.8, and 34.8 ± 5.9 kPa, respectively; P = .936) or 3D SWE transverse scanning (9.1 ± 2.0, 9.1 ± 2.1, and 8.8 ± 2.1 kPa; P = .838). However, the Young modulus for each individual plane (sagittal, transverse, or coronal) differed significantly between longitudinal and transverse scanning (P < .001).ConclusionsBoth 2D SWE and 3D SWE are suitable techniques for clinical use, depending on the examiner's experience/preference. However, 3D SWE provides a multiplanar/multislice view that better illustrates the spatial characteristics of muscle tissue. Three‐dimensional SWE may be a new method for fully visualizing the musculoskeletal system.
The survival impact of surgical therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate
Authors: Alonso Jose E. , Han Albert Y. , Kuan Edward C. , Strohl Madeline , Clair Jon Mallen‐St. , St. John Maie A. , Ryan William R. , Heaton Chase M. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence and determinants of survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate (SCCHP) between the years of 1973 to 2014 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.MethodsRetrospective, population‐based cohort study of patients in the SEER tumor registry who were diagnosed with SCCHP from 1973 to 2014. Outcomes and measures included overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsA total of 1,489 cases of primary SCCHP were identified. Of those, 53.2% were females and 47.8% presented with stage IV disease. The mean age at diagnosis was 69.8 years. Overall survival at 2, 5, and 10 years was 44%, 33%, and 21%, respectively. A total of 66.2% of patients underwent surgery (with or without radiation therapy [RT]); 20.1% received RT; and 22.4% had both surgical and RT. On multivariate analysis, RT, advanced age, stage, and grade were associated with worse OS and DSS (P < 0.05). Surgical therapy (with or without radiation) was an independent favorable predictor of OS and DSS (P < 0.05).ConclusionSCCHP is relatively infrequent tumor that portends an overall poor prognosis when advanced stage and a greater prognosis when early stage. Surgical therapy was found to be an independent predictor for improved OS and DSS, whereas RT was associated with reduced OS and DSS.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2050–2055, 2018
Electronic device generated light increases reactive oxygen species in human fibroblasts
Authors: Austin Evan , Huang Amy , Adar Tony , Wang Erica , Jagdeo Jared 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesOur skin is constantly exposed to light from solar radiation and electronic devices, which impact skin physiology and aging. The biological altering properties of ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation on skin have been well established. There is significant scientific and public interest on the effects of electronic device generated light (EDGL) on skin. Currently, the effects of EDGL on skin are largely unknown. EDGL includes UV, visible, and infrared light from consumer electronics such as smartphones, computers, and televisions. In this study, we measured the wavelength specific irradiance from electronic devices, and irradiated fibroblasts with white EDGL to determine changes in reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and necrosis.MethodsTo determine the EDGL output of commonly used consumer electronic devices, we measured the irradiance from electronic devices at the manufacturers’ recommended reading distances and at 1 cm. To determine the effect of EDGL on human skin cells, we irradiated AG13145 fibroblasts with EDGL for 1 hour at a distance of 1 cm and measured changes in reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and necrosis.ResultsROS increased significantly by 81.71%, 85.79%, and 92.98% relative to control following 1 hour of white EDGL from iPhone 8+, iPhone 6, and iPad (first generation), respectively. There was a non‐significant change in apoptosis following irradiation with an iPhone 8+, iPhone 6, and iPad. Total necrosis was less than 2% for all treatment and control groups.ConclusionsOur results suggest that short exposures of EDGL increase ROS generation, but the long‐term effects associated with repeated exposures of EDGL are unknown. As electronic devices become more widely used and integrated into society globally, we anticipate greater scientific research and general public interest on the effects of visible EDGL on skin. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:689–695, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The blood flow characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and the choroidal remodelling process after photodynamic therapy
Authors: Chen Yutong , Yang Zhi , Xia Fan , Ning Hong , Hua Rui 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the blood flow characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to analyse photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects on choroidal remodelling in PCV.Materials and MethodsDiagnostic indocyanine green angiography and OCTA were performed. All patients underwent PDT with full‐dose verteporfin and were followed up with enhanced‐depth imaging optical coherence tomography.ResultsAt baseline, a branching vascular network (BVN) was clearly demonstrated in all patients with PCV who underwent OCTA examinations as opposed to polyps. Additionally, the choroidal thickness (266 [range: 74–456] µm) showed a positive relationship with polyp size (0.59 [range: 0.33–0.94] mm2, r = 0.679, P = 0.0022). The subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal thickness at polyp sites increased within 1 day after PDT and atrophied 1–3 months after PDT.ConclusionsThe differences in imaging characteristics between BVNs and polyps on OCTA were presumably due to both blood turbulence (different flow orientations) within polyps and the velocities detectable on OCTA. Moreover, the choroidal remodelling effects of PDT in PCV suggested the occurrence of transitional reactive inflammatory choroidal vascular hyperpermeability and choroidal exudation. PCV involved the entire choroids rather than only focal lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:427–432, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐Treatment‐Free Main Chain Donor and Side Chain Acceptor (D‐s‐A) Copolymer for Efficient Nonfullerene Solar Cells with a Small Voltage Loss
Authors: Liao Zhihui , Wang Yilin , An Yongkang , Tan Yun , Meng Xiangchuang , Wu Feiyan , Chen Lie , Chen Yiwang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMain chain donor and side chain acceptor (D‐s‐A) copolymers are an important branch of the D–A copolymer family. However, the development of D‐s‐A copolymers significantly falls behind the alternative D–A copolymers, especially for organic solar cells, because a breakthrough in device performance is not yet obtained with a reported power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2%–4%. Herein, a newly developed D‐s‐A copolymer PDRCNBDT, bearing 2‐(1, 1‐dicyanomethylene) rhodanine pendant group as the donor material, delivers a high PCE of 5.3% for nonfullerene solar cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best value reported for D‐s‐A copolymers to date. The improved PCE is observed to be associated with a very small energy loss (Eloss) of 0.57 eV, accompanied by a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.015 eV. It is important to note that this efficient D‐s‐A copolymer is employed in organic solar cells (OSCs), free of additive and annealing treatments.
Functionalization of polyisobutylene and polyisobutylene oligomers via the ritter reaction
Authors: Parada Corey M. , Storey Robson F. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe Ritter reaction, that is, reaction of a carbocation with a nitrile, was carried out on polyisobutylene (PIB) using a variety of reaction conditions. End quenching of PIB carbocations with acrylonitrile under living polymerization conditions (methyl chloride (MeCl)/hexane 60/40 (v/v) solvent mixtures at −70 °C) resulted in either tert‐chloride end groups or loss of chain‐end fidelity via carbocation rearrangement, as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy. Exo‐olefin functionalized PIB substrates were also reacted with nitriles under a variety of reaction conditions including various acid and solvent medium combinations. In all cases, the result was either no reaction or PIB that had undergone severe backbone degradation, as determined via NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Finally, the Ritter reaction was performed on a series of exo‐olefin functionalized oligoisobutylenes using acrylonitrile as the nitrile and either 60/40 dichloromethane/hexane or excess acrylonitrile as the solvent. In 60/40 dichloromethane/hexane, significant carbocation rearrangement and/or degradation resulted in a variety of isomeric, acrylamide‐functionalized oligomers. In excess acrylonitrile, the desired Ritter reaction was the only reaction observed, resulting in the smooth formation of the terminal acrylamide. The various N‐oligoisobutylacrylamides thus obtained represent new hydrophobic monomers useful for the introduction of hydrophobic moieties into acrylamide‐based water‐soluble polymers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 840–852
Control of porosity in hierarchically porous polymers derived from hyper‐crosslinked block polymer precursors
Authors: Kim Soobin , Seo Myungeun 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTWe report an approach to control the pore characteristics of hierarchically porous polymers (HPPs) containing micropores in a well‐defined 3D continuous mesoporous framework, by the hyper‐crosslinking reaction of a crosslinked block polymer precursor polylactide‐b‐poly(vinylbenzyl chloride‐co‐styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) (PLA‐b‐P(VBzCl‐co‐S‐co‐DVB)) consisting of bicontinuous PLA and P(VBzCl‐co‐S‐co‐DVB) microdomains. We investigated the hyper‐crosslinking reaction of P(VBzCl‐co‐S‐co‐DVB)s synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization, and then examined the effect of VBzCl, S, DVB, and polylactide macrochain transfer agent (PLA‐CTA) contents in the polymerization mixture on the pore characteristics of the HPPs. We demonstrate that while the VBzCl content responsible for the hyper‐crosslinking reaction primarily governs microporosity, the DVB content has a strong influence on the mesopore structure, as it determines the onset of the gelation of the polymerization mixture, which arrests the emerging disordered bicontinuous morphology induced by the polymerization‐induced microphase separation process. Because the PLA microdomains template the percolating mesoporous space, mesoporosity was mainly controlled by the PLA‐CTA contents. The synergistic combination of hyper‐crosslinking and block polymer self‐assembly in the HPP formation provided a highly reinforced mesoporous framework, stable against pore collapse, and interconnected mesopores. These facilitated diffusion to the microporous surfaces, suggesting its utility for advanced absorbents and catalytic supports. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 900–913
Copper Template Design for the Synthesis of Bimetallic Copper–Rhodium Nanoshells through Galvanic Replacement
Authors: Preston Arin S. , Hughes Robert A. , Demille Trevor B. , Neretina Svetlana 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGalvanic replacement reactions are widely used in the synthesis of bimetallic nanoshells. Essential to these syntheses is the design of template materials with electrochemical potentials that are low enough to facilitate the replacement of a wide variety of metals. While Cu is an attractive template from this standpoint, it has only rarely been used due to its propensity for oxidation and the associated difficulties in achieving chemically stable colloids. Here, a synthetic scheme is demonstrated for the design of supported Cu templates and their subsequent replacement with Rh where the detrimental influences of oxidation are not only mitigated but used to place shape and compositional controls on the reaction product. It is shown that the CuRh nanoshells can be produced that are shaped as substrate‐truncated nanocubes or cuboctahedrons depending upon the degree of exposure that the Cu templates have to dissolved oxygen. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the intentional surface oxidation of the Cu template followed by Cu2O removal results in galvanic replacement reactions yielding porous nanoshells with far greater Rh replacement. The study forwards the design of Cu templates for galvanic replacement reactions and presents opportunities for their use in other template‐mediated syntheses.
pEDOT:Vitamin K1 Composites: An Electrochemical Study on Stable, Water‐Permeable, Proton‐Bonding Thin‐Film Electrodes
Authors: Mayevsky David , Winther‐Jensen Bjorn 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHerein we report detailed electrochemical studies of a conducting polymer composite that is engineered to selectively react with protons and that has reactive sites across the entirety of the volume due to the excellent water permeability throughout the film. This chemically modified electrode (CME) utilises a conducting polymer as the source of charge carrier and Vitamin‐K as the water‐insoluble redox species that bonds protons in reduction and releases protons in oxidation. The overall number of active proton bonding sites was found to be 1.36 × 1016 sites/cm2, with a redox capacity of ∼64 mAh/g, which makes this CME comparable to modern inorganic cathodes. The electrode exhibited insignificant degradation after 500 cycles. The composite is relatively simple to manufacture as it requires no purification steps as part of the processing.
A New Fluorescent Probe Based on Aggregation Induced Emission for Selective and Quantitative Determination of Copper(II) and its Further Application to Cysteine Detection
Authors: Zhao Yun‐Hui , Luo Yueyang , Wang Han , Guo Tao , Zhou Hangbin , Tan Hailong , Zhou Zhihua , Long Yunfei , Tang Zilong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA new fluorescent chemosensor 2,2′‐((1E,1′E)‐hydrazine‐1,2‐diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenol) TPESAA incorporated with salicylaldehyde azine motif was developed based on aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). The probe TPESAA was prepared from 4‐hydroxy tetraphenyl ethylene which underwent formylation followed by condensation with hydrazine hydrate. It showed ratiometric fluorescence quenching behavior to Cu2+, which could induce naked‐eye color changes from colorless to pale yellow. Moreover, it displayed excellent sensitivity and selectivity toward Cu2+ without interference from other metal ions. The extent of quenching is dependent on the concentration of Cu2+ in the range of 0.5–7.5 μM, and a remarkable detection limit (30.9 nM) can be achieved. Furthermore, the obtained Cu2+ complex could be applied to quantitative determination of cysteine in the range of 0.2–2 μM with a good linear relationship.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chalcone‐Pyridinium Hybrids as Potential Anti‐Cancer and Anti‐Microbial Agents
Authors: Gondru Ramesh , Saini Ratni , Vaarla Krishnaiah , Singh Sarika , Sirassu Narsimha , Bavantula Rajitha , Saxena Anil K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA series of pyridinium salts (5 a‐p) have been synthesized and were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against MCF‐7 (breast cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), U‐87MG (human glioblastoma) and HEK293 (Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells) cell lines by taking doxorubicin as a positive control. The compounds derived from 4‐methoxyphenyl (5 c) and 4‐nitrophenyl (5 h) have showed significant and broad spectrum antiproliferative activity against the tested cancer cell‐lines and also displayed potential in vivo against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. Also, screened the compounds for their antimicrobial and anti‐acetylcholinesterase (anti‐AchE) activities. It was observed form the in vitro results that, compounds derived from 4‐methylphenyl (5 b), 4‐chlorophenyl (5 f), coumarinyl (5 i) and napthyl (5 j) have exhibited potential antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the derivatives 5 b and 4‐fluorophenyl (5 e) have showed promising antifungal activity and the compound 5 c showed moderate AChE inhibitory activity.
Inborn errors of metabolism and the human interactome: a systems medicine approach
Authors: Woidy Mathias , Muntau Ania C. , Gersting Søren W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe group of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) displays a marked heterogeneity and IEM can affect virtually all functions and organs of the human organism; however, IEM share that their associated proteins function in metabolism. Most proteins carry out cellular functions by interacting with other proteins, and thus are organized in biological networks. Therefore, diseases are rarely the consequence of single gene mutations but of the perturbations caused in the related cellular network. Systematic approaches that integrate multi‐omics and database information into biological networks have successfully expanded our knowledge of complex disorders but network‐based strategies have been rarely applied to study IEM. We analyzed IEM on a proteome scale and found that IEM‐associated proteins are organized as a network of linked modules within the human interactome of protein interactions, the IEM interactome. Certain IEM disease groups formed self‐contained disease modules, which were highly interlinked. On the other hand, we observed disease modules consisting of proteins from many different disease groups in the IEM interactome. Moreover, we explored the overlap between IEM and non‐IEM disease genes and applied network medicine approaches to investigate shared biological pathways, clinical signs and symptoms, and links to drug targets. The provided resources may help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying new IEM, to uncover the significance of disease‐associated mutations, to identify new biomarkers, and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.