bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and biomechanics of shoot organs
Authors: Echevin Emilie , Le Gloanec Constance , Skowrońska Nikolina , Routier-Kierzkowska Anne-Lise , Burian Agata , Kierzkowski Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPlant organs arise through complex interactions between biological and physical factors that control morphogenesis. While there has been tremendous progress in the understanding of the genetics behind development, we know much less about how mechanical forces control growth in plants. In recent years, new multidisciplinary research combining genetics, live-imaging, physics, and computational modeling has begun to fill this gap by revealing the crucial role of biomechanics in the establishment of plant organs. In this review, we provide an overview of our current understanding of growth during initiation, patterning, and expansion of shoot lateral organs. We discuss how growth is controlled by physical forces, and how mechanical stresses generated during growth can control morphogenesis at the level of both cells and tissues. Understanding the mechanical basis of growth and morphogenesis in plants is in its early days, and many puzzling facts are yet to be deciphered.
An Analysis of Multirules for Monitoring Assay Quality Control
Authors: Walker Brandon S , Pearson Lauren N , Schmidt Robert L 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultirules are often employed to monitor quality control (QC). The performance of multirules is usually determined by simulation and is difficult to predict. Previous studies have not provided computer code that would enable one to experiment with multirules. It would be helpful for analysts to have computer code to analyze rule performance.ObjectiveTo provide code to calculate power curves and to investigate certain properties of multirule QC.MethodsWe developed computer code in the R language to simulate multirule performance. Using simulation, we studied the incremental performance of each rule and determined the average run length and time to signal.ResultsWe provide R code for simulating multirule performance. We also provide a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with a tabulation of results that can be used to create power curves. We found that the R4S and 10x rules add very little power to a multirule set designed to detect shifts in the mean.ConclusionQC analysts should consider using a limited-rule set.
A dual role of the ribosome-bound chaperones RAC/Ssb in maintaining the fidelity of translation termination
Authors: Gribling-Burrer Anne-Sophie , Chiabudini Marco , Zhang Ying , Qiu Zonghao , Scazzari Mario , Wölfle Tina , Wohlwend Daniel , Rospert Sabine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe yeast ribosome-associated complex RAC and the Hsp70 homolog Ssb are anchored to the ribosome and together act as chaperones for the folding and co-translational assembly of nascent polypeptides. In addition, the RAC/Ssb system plays a crucial role in maintaining the fidelity of translation termination; however, the latter function is poorly understood. Here we show that the RAC/Ssb system promotes the fidelity of translation termination via two distinct mechanisms. First, via direct contacts with the ribosome and the nascent chain, RAC/Ssb facilitates the translation of stalling-prone poly-AAG/A sequences encoding for polylysine segments. Impairment of this function leads to enhanced ribosome stalling and to premature nascent polypeptide release at AAG/A codons. Second, RAC/Ssb is required for the assembly of fully functional ribosomes. When RAC/Ssb is absent, ribosome biogenesis is hampered such that core ribosomal particles are structurally altered at the decoding and peptidyl transferase centers. As a result, ribosomes assembled in the absence of RAC/Ssb bind to the aminoglycoside paromomycin with high affinity (KD = 76.6 nM) and display impaired discrimination between stop codons and sense codons. The combined data shed light on the multiple mechanisms by which the RAC/Ssb system promotes unimpeded biogenesis of newly synthesized polypeptides.
Changes in Use Patterns Over 1 Year Among Smokers and Dual Users of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes
Authors: Piper Megan E , Baker Timothy B , Benowitz Neal L , Jorenby Douglas E 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Dual use of combustible and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is a growing use pattern; more than half of e-cigarette users are dual users. However, little is known regarding the course of dual use; for example, the likelihood of discontinuation of either combustible or e-cigarettes or both.

Methods
Adult daily smokers and dual users (daily smokers who also vaped at least once per week) who did not intend to quit use of either product in the next 30 days participated in a longitudinal, observational study (N = 322, 51.2% women, 62.7% white, mean age = 42.27 [SD = 14.05]). At baseline, participants completed demographics and smoking and vaping history assessments. They also reported daily cigarette and e-cigarette use via timeline follow-back assessment and provided a breath sample for carbon monoxide assay at 4-month intervals for 1 year.

Results
Of those who completed the year 1 follow-up, 1.9% baseline smokers and 8.0% dual users achieved biochemically confirmed seven-day point-prevalence abstinence from combustible cigarettes (χ2 = 4.57, p = .03). Of initial dual users, by 1 year 43.9% were smoking only, 48.8% continued dual use, 5.9% were vaping only, and 1.4% abstained from both products. Among baseline smokers, 92.3% continued as exclusive smokers. Baseline dual users who continued e-cigarette use were more likely to be white and report higher baseline e-cigarette dependence.

Conclusions
In this community sample, the majority of dual users transitioned to exclusive smoking. A higher percentage of dual users quit smoking than smokers, but attrition and baseline differences between the groups compromise strong conclusions. Sustained e-cigarette use was related to baseline e-cigarette dependence.

Implications
This research suggests that dual use of combustible and e-cigarettes is not a sustained pattern for the majority of dual users, but it is more likely to be a continued pattern if the user is more dependent on e-cigarettes. There was evidence that dual users were more likely to quit smoking than exclusive smokers, but this may be due to factors other than their dual use.
Examples and non-examples of polyhedral Kähler surfaces
Authors: Gachet Cécile 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Polyhedral Kähler surfaces are a class of complex surfaces, which are flat everywhere except on a two-dimensional skeleton. They are defined as a generalization of the ‘gluing a polygon side by side’ construction of flat Riemann surfaces. In this article, we introduce two classes of polyhedral Kähler surfaces with trivial holonomy: products of polyhedral Kähler curves with zero holonomy and ramified coverings of tori, and prove that none of these classes is contained in the other.
Spaces of novelty: Can universities play a catalytic role in less developed regions?
Authors: Marques Pedro , Morgan Kevin , Healy Adrian , Vallance Paul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOver the past few decades, universities have been asked to become ever more involved in the development of their regions and countries, through knowledge dissemination, contribution to policy debates or even by becoming leaders in stakeholder coalitions. However, as has been often pointed out, for universities to have an impact on regional fortunes it is necessary to have an appropriate innovation ecosystem, which is often lacking in less developed regions. We approach this issue by discussing the three interrelated dimensions of knowledge supply, demand, and translational activities, through two case studies of university–business engagement in Wales. We also distinguish between narrow forms of engagement, based strictly on the commercialisation of knowledge, and contrast them with broader forms of engagement. Finally, we discuss the practical and normative challenges associated with these interactions, such as the danger of appropriation of public resources by private organisations.
Limit feeding as a strategy to increase energy efficiency in intensified cow–calf production systems1
Authors: Trubenbach Levi A , Wickersham Tryon A , Bierschwale Lauren N , Morrill Jessie C , Baber Jessica R , Sawyer Jason E 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to measure efficiency of energy use in limit-fed cows. In Exp. 1, 32 pregnant, crossbred cows were used to examine the effects of dietary energy concentration and intake level on energy utilization and digestion. In a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement, cows received diets formulated at either 1.54 Mcal NEm/kg high energy (H) or 1.08 Mcal NEm/kg low energy (L); amounts of each diet were fed at amounts to achieve either 80% (80) or 120% (120) of maintenance energy requirements. Fecal grab samples were collected on days 14, 28, 42, and 56 for determination of energy digestion and metabolizable energy (ME) intake. Acid detergent insoluble ash and bomb calorimetry were used to estimate fecal energy production. Cow body weight and 12th rib fat thickness were used to estimate body energy, using 8 different methods, at the beginning and end of a 56-d feeding period. Energy retention (RE) was calculated as the difference in body energy on days 0 and 56. Heat energy (HE) was calculated as the difference in ME intake and RE. Energy digestion increased (P = 0.04) with intake restriction. Cows consuming H tended to have greater (P = 0.08) empty body weight (EBW) gain than cows consuming L, but no difference was observed (P = 0.12) between cows fed 120 compared with cows fed 80. Estimates of HE were greater for L than H (P &lt; 0.01) and greater for 120 than 80 (P &lt; 0.01), such that estimated fasting heat production of H (57.2 kcal/kg EBW0.75) was lower than that of L (73.3 kcal/kg EBW0.75). In Exp. 2, 16 ruminally cannulated, crossbred steers were used to examine the effects of dietary energy concentration and intake level on energy digestion. Treatment arrangement and laboratory methods were replicated from Exp. 1. Following a 14-d adaptation period, fecal samples were collected, such that samples were represented in 2-h intervals post-feeding across 24 h. Diet × intake interactions were observed for nutrient digestibility. Energy digestibility was greater in steers fed H than in steers fed L (P &lt; 0.01); however, digestibility of each nutrient increased by approximately 10% in steers fed H80 vs. those fed H120 (P ≤ 0.03); nutrient digestibility was similar among levels of intake in steers fed L (P = 0.54). These results suggest that intake restriction may increase diet utilization and that the magnitude of change may be related to diet energy density.
Clinical Updates in Women’s Health Care Summary: Acute Cough
Authors: Oat-Judge Julia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:
Acute cough is a common presenting symptom in the ambulatory care setting in the United States. It imposes a significant symptom burden on patients and financial burden on the health care system. In most cases, acute cough is caused by a benign viral infection that will resolve without intervention. When needed, there are few evidence-based interventions to hasten the resolution of cough symptoms. Patients may request antibiotics or prescription cough syrups; however, these medications have little evidence of benefit and can be potentially harmful to the patient. It can be challenging for the clinician to provide reassurance while minimizing unnecessary prescriptions. The health care provider also must be alert to signs and symptoms that could signal a high-risk diagnosis that requires urgent evaluation. This monograph provides a review of the differential diagnosis for acute cough, an algorithmic approach to the evaluation of cough, and evidence-based treatment recommendations. Also, it highlights warning signs and symptoms that should trigger an emergent referral and special clinical considerations in more vulnerable patient populations, including pregnant patients and geriatric patients.
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Hausa Version of the Oswestry Disability Index 2.1a for Patients With Low Back Pain
Authors: Adamu Aisha S. , Ibrahim Aminu A. , Ahmad Rufa’i Y. , Akindele Mukadas O. , Kaka Bashir , Mukhtar Naziru B. 
Published: April 2019

Study Design.
Validation of a translated, culturally adapted questionnaire.

Objective.
To translate the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) version 2.1a into Hausa Language and to validate its use in a cohort of patients with low back pain (LBP).

Summary of Background Data.
The ODI is one of the most commonly used condition-specific questionnaires for assessing functional disability in patients with LBP, yet, no formal cross-culturally adapted and validated Hausa version exists.

Methods.
The Hausa version of the ODI 2.1a (ODI-H) was developed according to established guidelines. Validation was performed among 200 patients with LBP recruited from both rural and urban Nigeria. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach α), test–retest reliability by computing intraclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change. Convergent validity was assessed by correlating the ODI-H with Visual Analogue Scale for pain, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and finger-floor distance test. Divergent validity was assessed by correlating the ODI-H with age, educational level, and occupational status. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis were also performed. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed with three models: 1) one-factor theory-driven model, 2) two-factor theory-driven model (dynamic and static factors), and 3) a model based on our EFA.

Results.
The ODI-H had high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.87) and excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient  = 0.937) with standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change being 3.69 and 10.2 respectively. The construct validity (convergent and divergent validity) is supported as all (6:6, 100%) the a priori hypotheses were confirmed. The EFA yielded a two-factor model explaining 54.3% of the total variance but demonstrated poor fit. The one-factor and two-factor theory-driven model had acceptable fit but the one-factor theory-driven model was better.

Conclusion.
The ODI-H version 2.1a was transculturally equivalent, reliable, and valid tool for assessing functional disability among Hausa-speaking patients with LBP. The use of this tool can be recommended for future clinical and research purposes.

Level of Evidence: 3
Comparison of Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for Treating Single Level Unilateral Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Kim Shin-Jae , Seo Jin-Suk , Lee Sang-Ho , Bae Junseok 
Published: April 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
To compare clinical and radiological outcomes after two surgical procedures.

Summary of Background Data.
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is the gold standard treatment for cervical radiculopathy. Cervical foraminotomy is an alternative decompressive treatment option to preserve segmental motion and avoid fusion-related complications. Anterior cervical foraminotomy (ACF) and posterior cervical foraminotmy (PCF) has been introduced to achieve foraminal decompression. The objective of this study was to compare long-term clinical and radiological outcomes after two surgical procedures for the treatment of single-level cervical radiculopathy.

Methods.
A retrospective review of patients undergoing ACF or PCF for the treatment of single-level unilateral cervical radiculopathy from 2010 to 2012 was performed. Demographic, perioperative, and clinical outcomes of 40 patients for each group were collected from the electronic medical records. Clinical outcomes were assessed by visual analog scores, while disc height (DH), cervical lordosis (CL), and C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (C2–7 SVA) data were obtained from pre- and postoperative radiography data.

Results.
Both groups showed similar clinical improvements after surgery. Radiographically, the ACF groups showed profound decrease in DH only at the first month after surgery, and there was no significant change in DH after 1 year. The PCF group showed no significant changes in DH at follow-up. With respect to CL, ACF showed a significant decrease. There was no statistically significant change in C2–7 SVA before or after surgery in both groups.

Conclusion.
Both ACF and PCF showed significant clinical improvement of radiculopathy. In the ACF group, the DH decreased, and CL decreased during the early postoperative period. Radiological parameters were preserved in the PCF group after surgery. However, this group showed greater intraoperative bleeding and revision rates. Care should be taken to manage complications according to the specific surgical treatment.

Level of Evidence: 3
Academic Ethos in Physical Therapy Education
Authors: Carey James R. 
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose.
Academic ethos is the character or virtuousness of the academic institution and its programs that drives scholastic accomplishments. Ethos is obscure yet real and contains emotional energy or passion that gives meaning and moral worth to universities, colleges and academic health centers in contributing to the public good. Little information on academic ethos exists in the higher education literature, likely because it is an elusive concept that does not lend itself to a precise definition. The purpose of this paper is to describe the importance of academic ethos in physical therapy's role in the enterprise of higher education.

Position and Rationale.
Emphasis includes the responsibilities academic ethos imposes upon academics for being vigilant on matters of character/virtuousness to sustain higher education's noble mission of promoting the public good. Also, threats intrinsic and extrinsic to the academy that weaken academic ethos are described in the form of diminished commitment to intellectualism, corporatization of higher education, political forces, and Faustian bargaining.

Discussion and Conclusion.
Reflecting on academic ethos will assist physical therapy faculty in congealing their own programmatic ethos, as well as contributing to their institution's ethos, thus enabling them to optimize their role in the academy in serving the public good.
An innovative method for measuring the femoral arch
Authors: Ren Dong , Wang Tianci , Li Ming , Liu Yueju , Huang Yajie , Wang Pengcheng 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A mismatch between the femoral bow and intramedullary nails causes a series of complications. Previous investigations have sought to determine the curvature of the femur using the radius of the femoral bow. However, the radius of the curvature is affected by femur length. To eliminate the influence of femur length, we instead used an angle to indicate femoral curvatures.
Forty patients with intertrochanteric fractures who underwent a surgical procedure at our institution were enrolled in this study. We conducted a lateral X-ray of the contralateral femur before operation. We drew a triangle in the X-ray images using Digimizer software. The tangent values of the acute angle were used to indicate femoral curvature. The tangent values were then compared with the dimensions of currently used nails.
The average tangent value of the femurs was 0.0835 ± 0.0147, as measured from the inner cortex and 0.0798 ± 0.0150, as measured from the outer cortex. The tangent values were related to sex, with males having straighter femurs than females, and there was no obvious correlation between tangent values and age or femur length. Tangent value is a reliable method with a high intersurveyor consistency; femur curvatures were significantly greater than the curvatures of currently used nails.
Effectiveness comparisons of acupuncture for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Lei Yi , He Xueyun , Wang Jingshang , Gong Xiaoyong , Zheng Wei , Xue Yahui , Li Yongqiang , Zhang Bao , Ma Jiajia , Xue Chaohui 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common urinary system disease in the male population. Recent studies have shown that acupuncture can alleviate the pain caused by CP/CPPS to a certain extent and improve the quality of life of patients. This study used a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the effectiveness and safety of different forms of acupuncture on CP/CPPS.

Methods and analysis:
We will search for PubMed, Cochrane Library, AMED, EMbase, WorldSciNet; Nature, Science online and China Journal Full-text Database, China Biomedical Literature CD-ROM Database, and related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included in the China Resources Database. The time is limited from the construction of the library to December 2018. The quality of the included RCTs will be evaluated with the risk of bias tool and evidence will be evaluated by grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation. STATA 13.0 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 through the GeMTC package will be used to perform a NMA to synthesize direct and indirect evidence.

Results:
The results of this NMA will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Trial registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42018111408.
Dextrocardia with complete AV block and the implantation of a temporary pacemaker before cesarean section
Authors: Yao Changfang , Wang Xiaoqing , Zhang Jinggang , Qiu Lan , Ye Wenfeng , Wang Chaoping 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Patients with situs inversus totalis (SIT) and complete atrioventricular (AV) block are extremely rare, and only few cases have been reported up to now. Due to the rarity of such condition and its anatomical complexity, we reported this case as a reference for obstetricians, providing valuable insights into potential clinical treatment.

Patient concerns:
We reported a case of 30-year-old patient with complete AV block, and her heart rate was only about 45 beats per minute.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed with term delivery with SIT and complete AV block.

Interventions:
A temporary pacemaker (TPM) was implanted before cesarean section (CS) because of complete AV block.

Outcomes:
CS was performed successfully after the implantation of a TPM. The heart rate remained stable, and the 24-hour blood loss was limited.

Lessons:
This study presents a complex heart disease case which needed more frequent antenatal examination and restriction of physical activity. To reduce the risk of pregnancy, basic disease needed to be cured before pregnancy. Our findings could provide guidance for future clinical studies.