bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and initial validation of the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire version 2 (PCDEQ2)
Authors: Hill Andy , MacNamara Áine , Collins Dave 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGiven sport's ever‐increasing value and competitiveness, the race to identify and develop the next generation of sporting talent has never been more intense. Accordingly, in an effort to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of talent development, and recognising the critical role that psychology plays in these processes, this paper seeks to develop a formative assessment tool that will allow practitioners to measure and monitor the development of the psychological skills, characteristics and behaviours – both adaptive and maladaptive – that underpin effective development. Following a process of item generation and justification, a 135‐item questionnaire was completed by 512 developing male athletes from academy‐based team sports. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify any underpinning latent factor structures, resulting in an 88‐item, 7‐factor solution that accounted for 40% of the explained variance, with an overall reliability of α = 0.879. A subsequent discriminant function analysis was conducted and the questionnaire was able to correctly classify 72.9% of participants based on their responses. Accordingly, the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire version 2 (PCDEQ2) provides talent development environments with a valid and reliable measure form which to base effective psycho‐behavioural interventions, ultimately improving the effectiveness of talent development processes.
Incorporating Sub‐National Brazilian Agricultural Production and Land‐Use into U.S. Biofuel Policy Evaluation
Authors: Carriquiry Miguel , Elobeid Amani , Dumortier Jerome , Goodrich Ryan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe estimate emissions from indirect land‐use change associated with U.S. corn ethanol production by using the updated Center for Agricultural and Rural Development/Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute global agricultural outlook model, which incorporates sub‐national land‐use modeling in Brazil and endogenous crop yield‐price relationships. Emissions estimates range between 9.7–23.9 g CO2 per mega Joule (MJ−1), which is consistent with other estimates. We compare the results of the current model to the 2008 model version. Using the data from the 2016 model in the 2008 model results in emissions that range from 23.2–32.2 g CO2 MJ−1. The addition of detailed modelling in Brazil, for example, double‐cropping, reduced estimates considerably and highlights the importance of continuous improvements in global agricultural models.
The National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey: Innovations and Research Insights
Authors: Page Elina T , Larimore Elizabeth , Kirlin John A , Denbaly Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEvidence‐based policies that effectively address adverse public health trends, including the increasing burden of diet‐related disease and food insecurity, require quality and comprehensive data. For food and nutrition policy, that means data on household and individual food choices and the many factors influencing food demand, including income, food assistance program participation, food security status, and the local food environment. To meet this data need, the USDA sponsored the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (FoodAPS), an innovative survey that collected nationally‐representative data on household food purchases and acquisitions, including from low‐income households and households participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). To further enable and enrich analysis, the household survey data were linked to SNAP administrative records, USDA nutrient data, and geographic information related to the local food environment. This article provides a thorough overview of FoodAPS, including the rationale for the survey, recent research findings and insights on American diet quality, food assistance programs, and food environment, as well as the challenges encountered from developing, collecting, and processing the data.
Exaggerated Functional Impairment due to Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Elias David A , MacLaren Vance V , Brien Erin K , Metcalfe Arron W S 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveFunctional impairment associated with Neurocognitive Disorder is often claimed in medico-legal settings after mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). This case–control study examined self-reported functional impairment and the plausibility of chronic disability claims following uncomplicated mTBI.MethodIndependent Medical Evaluations included a battery of performance and symptom validity tests, along with self-reports of physical or emotional complaints and functional impairment. Slick and colleagues’ (Slick, D. J., Sherman, E. M., & Iverson, G. L. (1999). Diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction: Proposed standards for clinical practice and research. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13, 545–561.) criteria ruled out probable malingering in 21 mTBI cases without psychiatric comorbidity and their self-reports were compared to those of seven non-malingering cases with a psychiatric comorbidity, 17 who were probable malingerers, and 31 orthopedic pain sufferers. Coherence Analysis of medical documentation corroborated assignment of mTBI cases to non-malingering versus probable malingering groups.ResultsProbable malingerers reported more postconcussion symptoms than non-malingerers (d = 0.79) but they did not differ significantly on tests of neurocognitive performance. Probable malingerers and orthopedic pain patients gave significantly higher ratings of functional impairment (d = 1.28 and 1.26) than non-malingerers. Orthopedic pain patients reported more disability due to pain than non-malingerers (d = 1.03), but pain catastrophizing was rated more highly by the probable malingerers (d = 1.21) as well as by the orthopedic pain patients (d = 0.98). The non-malingerers reported lower emotional distress than the other three groups, but only the probable malingerers reported elevated depression symptoms compared to the non-malingerers (d = 1.01).ConclusionsThe combined evaluation of performance validity, function, and coherence analysis would appear to enhance the difficult clinical evaluation of postconcussion symptoms in the medical-legal setting.
A curious case of entropic decay: Persistent complexity in textual cultural heritage
Authors: Nielbo Kristoffer L , Baunvig Katrine F , Liu Bin , Gao Jianbo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo understand an author’s developmental trajectory, the static traits and properties of author reconstruction and profiling are not sufficient. Instead, it is necessary to focus on high-level indicators of the complex set of variables that underlie the author’s transient mental states during his or her creative production. We propose a method that combines information theory with random fractal theory to study the mental dynamics of an author as indicated by text complexity. To illustrate its application, we analyze the developmental trajectory of the culturally influential and ‘graphomanic’ 19th-century Danish pastor N. F. S. Grundtvig. This approach can detect an age-related trend (entropic decay), a significant Kehre (turning point), and multiple event-related change points in his production. We argue that the approach is applicable beyond the specific case and can be extended to comparative analysis within and between authors, and, finally, to dynamic analysis of cultural information systems.
Quality and readability of online information about type 2 diabetes and nutrition
Authors: Bernard Stephanie , Cooke Tiffany , Cole Tascha , Hachani Laura , Bernard Johnathan 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The internet has become a vital resource through which patients learn about medical conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the quality and readability of online information about nutrition and diabetes management.

Methods:
An internet search was conducted using three search terms of varying sophistication (how to eat with diabetes, diabetes diet, and medical nutrition therapy for diabetes) and the three most popular search engines (Yahoo, Bing, and Google). Forty-two websites were prospectively analyzed for quality of information and assessed for readability using the Flesch-Kincaid score.

Results:
The 42 websites reviewed demonstrated wide variability in quality, regardless of the search term entered. The reading level required to understand the materials varied based on sophistication of the search term and ranged from the 6th- to the 11th-grade level.

Conclusions:
The quality of online information on nutrition education for patients with diabetes was extremely variable and readability often was higher than the average American reading level (8th grade). An awareness of quality and readability of the materials found on the internet can strengthen the patient-provider relationship.
The Russian feldsher
Authors: Ramer Samuel C. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The feldsher is a physician assistant (PA) prototype. Developed in Russia during the 19th century to serve as healthcare personnel at a time of physician scarcity, feldshers provided medical services throughout the Russian Empire and later Soviet Union. Their medical role from the mid-19th century until the Bolshevik revolution in 1917 was crucial, particularly in rural and underserved regions. During wartime, many served in the military as medics. During the late 20th century, feldshers' numbers waned compared with physicians and nurses. In the 21st century, they remain a presence in the Russian medical system but their future is in transition as their numbers decline. However, earlier this year, Russian President Vladimir Putin urged the Russian State Duma to create more feldsher-midwife stations in rural areas. This indicates that the Russian government, at the highest levels, see the need for more feldshers to serve, essentially, as PAs in remote areas.
Medical Student Use of Electronic and Paper Health Records During Inpatient Clinical Clerkships: Results of a National Longitudinal Study
Authors: Foster Lauren M. , Cuddy Monica M. , Swanson David B. , Holtzman Kathleen Z. , Hammoud Maya M. , Wallach Paul M. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
An important goal of medical education is to teach students to use an electronic health record (EHR) safely and effectively. The purpose of this study is to examine medical student accounts of EHR use during their core inpatient clinical clerkships using a national sample. Paper health records (PHRs) are similarly examined.

Method
An online survey about health record use within the inpatient component of six core clerkships was administered to medical students after they completed Step 2 Clinical Knowledge of the United States Medical Licensing Examination. The sample included 17,202 U.S. medical students graduating between 2012 and 2016. Mean percentages of clerkships in which students engaged in various health record activities were computed, and analysis of variance was used to examine differences.

Results
The mean percentages of clerkships in which a student accessed or entered information into an EHR increased from 78% to 93% and 59% to 72%, respectively. For students who used an EHR, the mean percentage of clerkships in which they entered information remained constant at 76%. Students entered notes during the majority of their clerkships, with increases over time. However, students entered orders in less than a quarter of their clerkships, with decreases over time. The percentage of clerkships in which students used PHRs was lower and declining.

Conclusions
Although students used an EHR in the majority of their inpatient core clerkships, they received limited educational experiences related to order and note writing, which could translate into a lack of preparedness for future training and practice.
Do One Then See One: Sequencing Discovery Learning and Direct Instruction for Simulation-Based Technical Skills Training
Authors: Kulasegaram Kulamakan , Axelrod Daniel , Ringsted Charlotte , Brydges Ryan 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
When teaching technical skills, educators often include a mix of learner self-regulation and direct instruction. Appropriate sequencing of these activities—such as allowing learners a period of discovery learning prior to direct instruction—has been shown in other domains to improve transfer of learning. This study compared the efficacy of learners trying a novel simulated suturing task before formal instruction (Do then See) versus the more typical sequence of formal instruction, followed by practice (See then Do) on skill acquisition, retention, and transfer.

Method
In 2015, first-year medical students (N = 36) were randomized into two groups to learn horizontal mattress suturing. The See then Do group had access to instructors before independent practice, whereas the Do then See group explored the task independently before accessing instructors. Participants were assessed at the transition between interventions, and as training ended. Skill retention, and transfer to a novel variation of the suturing task, were assessed after one week. Performance was scored on a five-point global rating scale by a blinded rater.

Results
The groups did not differ significantly on immediate posttest or retention test (F[1,30] = 0.96, P < 0.33). The Do then See group (N = 16) outperformed the See then Do group (N = 16) on the transfer test; 2.99 versus 2.52 (F[1,28] = 10.14, P < 0.004, η2 = 0.27).

Conclusions
Sequencing discovery learning before direct instruction appeared to improve transfer performance in simulation-based skills training. Implications for future research and curricular design are discussed.
Striving While Accepting: Exploring the Relationship Between Identity and Implicit Bias Recognition and Management
Authors: Sukhera Javeed , Wodzinski Michael , Teunissen Pim W. , Lingard Lorelei , Watling Chris 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Implicit biases worsen outcomes for underserved and marginalized populations. Once health professionals are made aware of their implicit biases, a process ensues where they must reconcile this information with their personal and professional identities. The authors sought to explore how identity influences the process of implicit bias recognition and management.

Method
Using constructivist grounded theory, the authors recruited 11 faculty and 10 resident participants working at an academic health science center in Canada. Interviews took place from June to October 2017. Participants took an online version of the mental illness implicit association test (IAT) which provides users with their degree of implicit dangerousness bias toward individuals with either physical or mental illness. Once they completed the IAT, participants were invited to draw a rich picture and interviewed about their picture and experience of taking their IAT. Data were analyzed using constant comparative procedures to develop focused codes and work toward the development of a deeper understanding of relationships among themes.

Results
Once implicit biases were brought into conscious awareness, participants acknowledged vulnerabilities which provoked tension between their personal and professional identities. Participants suggested that they reconcile these tensions through a process described as striving for the ideal while accepting the actual. Relationships were central to the process; however, residents and faculty viewed the role of relationships differently.

Conclusions
Striving for self-improvement while accepting individual shortcomings may provide a model for addressing implicit bias among health professionals, and relational dynamics appear to influence the process of recognizing and managing biases.
Whiplash Patients’ Responses on the Impact of Events Scale-R
Authors: Bunzli Samantha , Maujean Annick , Andersen Tonny E. , Sterling Michele 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are common among people with whiplash following a motor vehicle crash. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) screens for PTSD symptoms with psychologist referral recommended for above-threshold scores. Recent data indicate that PTSD symptoms post-whiplash may relate more to pain and disability than the crash itself. This study explored the interpretation of IES-R items by people with whiplash to establish whether responses relate to the crash or to whiplash pain and disability.

Methods:
Adults with whiplash scoring >24 on the IES-R were eligible. The 3-step test-interview technique was used and responses analyzed using content analysis. A coding framework was developed, comprising 5 categories: “congruent”—responses related to the crash; “incongruent”—responses did not relate to the crash; “ambiguous”—responses were both congruent and incongruent; “confusion”—participants misunderstood the item content; “not applicable”—irrelevancy of items to participants’ circumstances.

Results:
The 15 participants (mean IES-R=37/88) were inclined to respond congruently to specific PTSD items and incongruently to nonspecific PTSD items. Participants were more inclined to rate nonspecific PTSD items in terms of pain and disability, for example, >60% responded incongruently to item 2: “I had trouble staying asleep”; item 4: “I felt irritable and angry”; item 15: “I had trouble falling asleep”; and item 18: “I had trouble concentrating.”

Discussion:
Incongruent responses on nonspecific PTSD items may inadvertently inflate levels of PTSD symptoms measured with the IES-R for some whiplash patients, raising implications for the assessment and treatment of the psychological sequelae of whiplash.
Clinical Updates in Women’s Health Care Summary: Perioperative Pain Management
Authors: Lian Xun , Adsumelli Rishimani , Griffin Todd R. , Gan Tong J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:
The opioid epidemic in the United States has become a public health crisis, which continues to worsen. The purpose of this monograph is to help obstetrician–gynecologists develop a perioperative framework with which to identify patients at risk of dependence and addiction and to describe a multimodal approach to postoperative pain management using the pathways of enhanced recovery after surgery. Preoperative counseling and optimization of comorbid medical conditions, comprehensive patient education, and optimal postoperative management also will be reviewed.
Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury and Changes During Dialysis*
Authors: Hüppe Tobias , Klasen Robert , Maurer Felix , Meiser Andreas , Groesdonk Heinrich-Volker , Sessler Daniel I. , Fink Tobias , Kreuer Sascha 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
To characterize volatile organic compounds in breath exhaled by ventilated care patients with acute kidney injury and changes over time during dialysis.

Design:
Prospective observational feasibility study.

Setting:
Critically ill patients on an ICU in a University Hospital, Germany.

Patients:
Twenty sedated, intubated, and mechanically ventilated patients with acute kidney injury and indication for dialysis.

Interventions:
Patients exhalome was evaluated from at least 30 minutes before to 7 hours after beginning of continuous venovenous hemodialysis.

Measurements and Main Results:
Expired air samples were aspirated from the breathing circuit at 20-minute intervals and analyzed using multicapillary column ion-mobility spectrometry. Volatile organic compound intensities were compared with a ventilated control group with normal renal function. A total of 60 different signals were detected by multicapillary column ion-mobility spectrometry, of which 44 could be identified. Thirty-four volatiles decreased during hemodialysis, whereas 26 remained unaffected. Forty-five signals showed significant higher intensities in patients with acute kidney injury compared with control patients with normal renal function. Among these, 30 decreased significantly during hemodialysis. Volatile cyclohexanol (23 mV; 25–75th, 19–38), 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (16 mV, 9–26), 3-methylbutanal (20 mV; 14–26), and dimer of isoprene (26 mV; 18–32) showed significant higher intensities in acute kidney impairment compared with control group (12 mV; 10–16 and 8 mV; 7–14 and not detectable and 4 mV; 0–6; p < 0.05) and a significant decline after 7 hours of continuous venovenous hemodialysis (16 mV; 13–21 and 7 mV; 6–13 and 9 mV; 8–13 and 14 mV; 10–19).

Conclusions:
Exhaled concentrations of 45 volatile organic compounds were greater in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury than in patients with normal renal function. Concentrations of two-thirds progressively decreased during dialysis. Exhalome analysis may help quantify the severity of acute kidney injury and to gauge the efficacy of dialysis.
ROLE OF DIAGNOSTIC PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY IN DETERMINING THE ETIOLOGY OF UVEITIS INITIALLY UNKNOWN
Authors: Zhao Xin-yu , Xia Song , Chen You-xin 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To estimate the success and safety of diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in determining the etiology of uveitis initially unknown and analyze their characteristics.

Methods:
The PubMed, Embase, and Ovid were searched up to October 2017 to identify relevant studies. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Statistical analyses were performed with R version 3.3.1. Result in proportion were transformed by the Freeman–Tukey variant of arcsine square to attain symmetry of confidence intervals (CIs). The statistical heterogeneity was assessed by the chi-square test and I2 statistics. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by the Egger test.

Results:
Sixteen studies involving 1,195 patients were finally included. The pooling result showed the successful rate of diagnostic PPV was 44% (95% CI [39%∼50%]). Among patients whose diagnostic PPV yielded a definitive diagnosis, 69% were infectious uveitis (95% CI [61%∼77%]), 23% were lymphoma (95% CI [17%∼30%]), and 4% were metastatic carcinoma (95% CI [2%∼10%]). Among patients diagnosed with infectious uveitis, the most frequent pathogens identified were viruses, followed by bacteria, Toxocara canis, Toxoplasma gondii, tuberculosis, and fungus. The incidence of postoperative cataract and postoperative retinal detachment was 19% (95% CI [8%∼29%]) and 5% (95% CI [1%∼10%]), respectively, and the rate of secondary vitrectomy surgery was 10% (95% CI [2%∼22%]). Postoperative visual improvement rate was 46% (95% CI [39%∼52%]), and the postoperative treatment strategy was changed in light of the results of diagnostic PPV in 20% of cases (95% CI [10%∼29%]).

Conclusion:
For uveitis of unknown cause, diagnostic PPV is an effective, reliable, and relatively safe procedure for establishing the definite diagnosis and guiding further treatment. Positive therapeutic effect could also be achieved.