bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
13C Pyruvate Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Preclinical Hyperpolarised MRI
Authors: Miller Jack J. , Grist James T. , Serres Sébastien , Larkin James R. , Lau Angus Z. , Ray Kevin , Fisher Katherine R. , Hansen Esben , Tougaard Rasmus Stilling , Nielsen Per Mose , Lindhardt Jakob , Laustsen Christoffer , Gallagher Ferdia A. , Tyler Damian J. , Sibson Nicola 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHyperpolarised MRI with Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation overcomes the fundamental thermodynamic limitations of conventional magnetic resonance, and is translating to human studies with several early-phase clinical trials in progress including early reports that demonstrate the utility of the technique to observe lactate production in human brain cancer patients. Owing to the fundamental coupling of metabolism and tissue function, metabolic neuroimaging with hyperpolarised [1-13C]pyruvate has the potential to be revolutionary in numerous neurological disorders (e.g. brain tumour, ischemic stroke, and multiple sclerosis). Through the use of [1-13C]pyruvate and ethyl-[1-13C]pyruvate in naïve brain, a rodent model of metastasis to the brain, or porcine brain subjected to mannitol osmotic shock, we show that pyruvate transport across the blood-brain barrier of anaesthetised animals is rate-limiting. We show through use of a well-characterised rat model of brain metastasis that the appearance of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate production corresponds to the point of blood-brain barrier breakdown in the disease. With the more lipophilic ethyl-[1-13C]pyruvate, we observe pyruvate production endogenously throughout the entire brain and lactate production only in the region of disease. In thein vivoporcine brain we show that mannitol shock permeabilises the blood-brain barrier sufficiently for a dramatic 90-fold increase in pyruvate transport and conversion to lactate in the brain, which is otherwise not resolvable. This suggests that earlier reports of whole-brain metabolism in anaesthetised animals may be confounded by partial volume effects and not informative enough for translational studies. Issues relating to pyruvate transport and partial volume effects must therefore be considered in pre-clinical studies investigating neuro-metabolism in anaesthetised animals, and we additionally note that these same techniques may provide a distinct biomarker of blood-brain barrier permeability in future studies.
Revealing particle-scale powder spreading dynamics in powder-bed-based additive manufacturing process by high-speed x-ray imaging
Authors: Escano Luis I. , Parab Niranjan D. , Xiong Lianghua , Guo Qilin , Zhao Cang , Fezzaa Kamel , Everhart Wes , Sun Tao , Chen Lianyi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPowder spreading is a key step in the powder-bed-based additive manufacturing process, which determines the quality of the powder bed and, consequently, affects the quality of the manufactured part. However, powder spreading behavior under additive manufacturing condition is still not clear, largely because of the lack of particle-scale experimental study. Here, we studied particle-scale powder dynamics during the powder spreading process by using in-situ high-speed high-energy x-ray imaging. Evolution of the repose angle, slope surface speed, slope surface roughness, and the dynamics of powder clusters at the powder front were revealed and quantified. Interactions of the individual metal powders, with boundaries (substrate and container wall), were characterized, and coefficients of friction between the powders and boundaries were calculated. The effects of particle size on powder flow dynamics were revealed. The particle-scale powder spreading dynamics, reported here, are important for a thorough understanding of powder spreading behavior in the powder-bed-based additive manufacturing process, and are critical to the development and validation of models that can more accurately predict powder spreading behavior.
TRSP is dispensable for the Plasmodium pre-erythrocytic phase
Authors: Costa David Mendes , Sá Mónica , Teixeira Ana Rafaela , Loureiro Inês , Thouvenot Catherine , Golba Sylvain , Amino Rogerio , Tavares Joana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPlasmodium sporozoites deposited in the skin following a mosquito bite must migrate and invade blood vessels to complete their development in the liver. Once in the bloodstream, sporozoites arrest in the liver sinusoids, but the molecular determinants that mediate this specific homing are not yet genetically defined. Here we investigate the involvement of the thrombospondin-related sporozoite protein (TRSP) in this process using knockout Plasmodium berghei parasites and in vivo bioluminescence imaging in mice. Resorting to a homing assay, trsp knockout sporozoites were found to arrest in the liver similar to control parasites. Moreover, we found no defects in the establishment of infection in mice following inoculation of trsp knockout sporozoites via intravenous and cutaneous injection or mosquito bite. Accordingly, mutant sporozoites were also able to successfully invade hepatocytes in vitro. Altogether, these results suggest TRSP may have a redundant role in the completion of the pre-erythrocytic phase of the malaria parasite. Nonetheless, identifying molecules with paramount roles in this phase could aid in the search for new antigens needed for the design of a protective vaccine against malaria.
Volatiles from Aquilaria sinensis damaged by Heortia vitessoides larvae deter the conspecific gravid adults and attract its predator Cantheconidea concinna
Authors: Qiao Haili , Lu Pengfei , Liu Sai , Xu Changqing , Guo Kun , Xu Rong , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe effects of induced plant responses on herbivores are categorised as direct, by reducing herbivore development, or indirect, by affecting the performance of natural enemies. Here, we investigated a tritrophic system, which included the herbivore Heortia vitessoides, its host plant Aquilaria sinensis, and its predator Cantheconidea concinna. Herbivore-damaged A. sinensis plants released significantly greater amounts of volatiles than undamaged and mechanically damaged plants, with an obvious temporal trend. One day after initial herbivore damage, A. sinensis plants released large amounts of volatile compounds. Volatile compounds release gradually decreased over the next 3 d. The composition and relative concentrations of the electroantennographic detection (EAD)-active compounds, emitted after herbivore damage, varied significantly over the 4-d measurement period. In wind tunnel bioassays, mated H. vitessoides females showed a preference for undamaged plants over herbivore and mechanically damaged A. sinensis plants. In Y-tube bioassays, C. concinna preferred odours from herbivore-damaged plants to those from undamaged plants, especially after the early stages of insect attack. Our results indicate that the herbivore-induced compounds produced in response to attack by H. vitessoides larvae on A. sinensis plants could be used by both the herbivores themselves and their natural enemies to locate suitable host plants and prey, respectively.
Expression analysis of Cell wall invertase under abiotic stress conditions influencing specialized metabolism in Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Nishanth M. J. , Sheshadri S. A. , Rathore Sudarshan Singh , Srinidhi S. , Simon Bindu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCatharanthus roseus is a commercial source for anti-cancer terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs: vincristine and vinblastine). Inherent levels of these TIAs are very low, hence research studies need to focus on enhancing their levels in planta. Since primary metabolism provides precursors for specialized-metabolism, elevating the former can achieve higher amounts of the latter. Cell Wall Invertase (CWIN), a key enzyme in sucrose-metabolism catalyses the breakdown of sucrose into glucose and fructose, which serve as carbon-skeleton for specialized-metabolites. Understanding CWIN regulation could unravel metabolic-engineering approaches towards enhancing the levels of TIAs in planta. Our study is the first to characterize CWIN at gene-expression level in the medicinal plant, C. roseus. The CWINs and their inter-relationship with sucrose and TIA metabolism was studied at gene and metabolite levels. It was found that sucrose-supplementation to C. roseus leaves significantly elevated the monomeric TIAs (vindoline, catharanthine) and their corresponding genes. This was further confirmed in cross-species, wherein Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently-overexpressing CrCWIN2 showed significant upregulation of specialized-metabolism genes: NbPAL2, Nb4CL, NbCHS, NbF3H, NbANS, NbHCT and NbG10H. The specialized metabolites- cinnamic acid, coumarin, and fisetin were significantly upregulated. Thus, the present study provides a valuable insight into metabolic-engineering approaches towards augmenting the levels of therapeutic TIAs.
Trypsinogen isoforms in the ferret pancreas
Authors: Hegyi Eszter , Sahin-Tóth Miklós 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) recently emerged as a novel model for human pancreatic diseases. To investigate whether the ferret would be appropriate to study hereditary pancreatitis associated with increased trypsinogen autoactivation, we purified and cloned the trypsinogen isoforms from the ferret pancreas and studied their functional properties. We found two highly expressed isoforms, anionic and cationic trypsinogen. When compared to human cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1), ferret anionic trypsinogen autoactivated only in the presence of high calcium concentrations but not in millimolar calcium, which prevails in the secretory pathway. Ferret cationic trypsinogen was completely defective in autoactivation under all conditions tested. However, both isoforms were readily activated by enteropeptidase and cathepsin B. We conclude that ferret trypsinogens do not autoactivate as their human paralogs and cannot be used to model the effects of trypsinogen mutations associated with human hereditary pancreatitis. Intra-pancreatic trypsinogen activation by cathepsin B can occur in ferrets, which might trigger pancreatitis even in the absence of trypsinogen autoactivation.
High extinction ratio super pixel for long wavelength infrared polarization imaging detection based on plasmonic microcavity quantum well infrared photodetectors
Authors: Zhou Yu Wei , Li Zhi Feng , Zhou Jing , Li Ning , Zhou Xiao Hao , Chen Ping Ping , Zheng Yuan Liao , Chen Xiao Shuang , Lu Wei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPolarization imaging detection has its unique advantage in discriminating the man-made objects from natural objects. Grating integrated super pixel for polarization imaging detection can simultaneously obtain the first three elements of the Stokes vector, which is the trend of infrared polarization imaging detection in recent years. Here, we demonstrate the first super pixel for long wavelength infrared polarization imaging detection with the extinction ratio of its four polarization directions more than 100. The measured highest polarization extinction ratio is as high as 136, which is the highest reported value of long wavelength infrared polarization imaging detection super pixel. The mechanism is attributed to the excellent mode selectivity of plasmonic microcavity according to the results of three-dimensional theoretical simulation. The experimental responses of the super pixel with four polarization directions are in good agreement with the Malus’ Law. In addition, the super pixel can accurately resolve the Stokes parameters at the same time. It is expected to develop the super pixel into a new generation of practical high-polarization-discriminating long wavelength infrared focal plane array.
Structural Analysis of an Epitope Candidate of Triosephosphate Isomerase in Opisthorchis viverrini
Authors: Son Jonghyeon , Kim Sulhee , Kim So Eun , Lee Haemin , Lee Myoung-Ro , Hwang Kwang Yeon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOpisthorchis viverrini, a parasitic trematode, was recategorized as a group 1 biological carcinogen because it causes opisthorchiasis, which may result in cholangiocarcinoma. A new strategy for controlling opisthorchiasis is needed because of issues such as drug resistance and reinfection. Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), a key enzyme in energy metabolism, is regarded as a potential drug target and vaccine candidate against various pathogens. Here, we determined the crystal structures of wild-type and 3 variants of TIMs fromO. viverrini(OvTIM) at high resolution. The unique tripeptide of parasite trematodes, the SAD motif, was located on the surface of OvTIM and contributed to forming a 310-helix of the following loop in a sequence-independent manner. Through thermal stability and structural analyses of OvTIM variants, we found that the SAD motif induced local structural alterations of the surface and was involved in the overall stability of OvTIM in a complementary manner with another parasite-specific residue, N115. Comparison of the surface characteristics between OvTIM andHomo sapiensTIM (HsTIM) and structure-based epitope prediction suggested that the SAD motif functions as an epitope.
Oxaliplatin induces pH acidification in dorsal root ganglia neurons
Authors: Riva Beatrice , Dionisi Marianna , Potenzieri Alberto , Chiorazzi Alessia , Cordero-Sanchez Celia , Rigolio Roberta , Carozzi Valentina Alda , Lim Dmitry , Cavaletti Guido , Marmiroli Paola , Distasi Carla , Genazzani Armando A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOxaliplatin induced peripheral neurotoxicity is characterized by an acute cold-induced syndrome characterized by cramps, paresthesias/dysesthesias in the distal limbs and perioral region, that develops rapidly and lasts up to one week affecting nearly all the patients as well as by long-lasting symptoms. It has been previously shown that pharmacological or genetic ablation of TRPA1 responses reduces oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in mouse models. In the present report, we show that treatment with concentrations of oxaliplatin similar to those found in plasma of treated patients leads to an acidification of the cytosol of mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons in culture and this in turn is responsible for sensitization of TRPA1 channels, thereby providing a mechanistic explanation to toxicity of oxaliplatin. Reversal of the acidification indeed leads to a significantly reduced activity of TRPA1 channels. Last, acidification occurs also in vivo after a single injection of therapeutically-relevant doses of oxaliplatin.
A Reversible Rocksalt to Amorphous Phase Transition Involving Anion Redox
Authors: Sakuda Atsushi , Ohara Koji , Kawaguchi Tomoya , Fukuda Katsutoshi , Nakanishi Koji , Arai Hajime , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Ohta Toshiaki , Matsubara Eiichiro , Ogumi Zempachi , Kuratani Kentaro , Kobayashi Hironori , Shikano Masahiro , Takeuchi Tomonari , Sakaebe Hikari 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe charge-discharge capacity of lithium secondary batteries is dependent on how many lithium ions can be reversibly extracted from (charge) and inserted into (discharge) the electrode active materials. In contrast, large structural changes during charging/discharging are unavoidable for electrode materials with large capacities, and thus there is great demand for developing materials with reversible structures. Herein, we demonstrate a reversible rocksalt to amorphous phase transition involving anion redox in a Li2TiS3 electrode active material with NaCl-type structure. We revealed that the lithium extraction during charging involves a change in site of the sulfur atom and the formation of S−S disulfide bonds, leading to a decrease in the crystallinity. Our results show great promise for the development of long-life lithium insertion/extraction materials, because the structural change clarified here is somewhat similar to that of optical phase-change materials used in DVD-RW discs, which exhibit excellent reversibility of the transition between crystalline and amorphous phase.
Current noninvasive liver reserve models do not predict histological fibrosis severity in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ho Shu-Yein , Liu Po-Hong , Hsu Chia-Yang , Hsia Cheng-Yuan , Su Chien-Wei , He Yi-Jhen , Lee Yun-Hsuan , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Hou Ming-Chih , Huo Teh-Ia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Ishak scoring system has been used to stage liver fibrosis. Ten noninvasive liver reserve models were proposed to assess the severity of liver fibrosis, but their performance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between these models and severity of fibrosis in patients with HCC. A total 464 patients with HCC undergoing surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent factors associated with advanced fibrosis (Ishak score 4 or higher). There were no significant correlations between all noninvasive models and severity of fibrosis in HCC (p for trend all >0.1). In subgroup analysis, cirrhosis discriminant index (CDS) and Lok’s index in hepatitis B-, and fibrosis index based on 4 factors (FIB-4), CDS and Lok’s index in hepatitis C-associated HCC, best correlated with the severity of liver fibrosis. Low platelet count, prolonged prothrombin time, hepatitis C and multiple tumors were independently associated with advanced fibrosis. Among the 10 models, CDS was the best model to predict cirrhosis. Currently used noninvasive liver reserve models do not well correlate with severity of histological fibrosis in HCC. New noninvasive models are required to improve the predictive accuracy of liver fibrosis in HCC.
Approach to suppress ambipolar conduction in Tunnel FET using dielectric pocket
Authors: Pandey Chandan K. , Dash Debashish , Chaudhury Saurabh 
Published: October 2018

The impact of high‐k dielectric pocket (DP) on the ambipolar conduction of tunnel field‐effect transistors (TFETs) is demonstrated using two‐dimensional Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations. In the proposed structure of TFETs, an optimised portion of the upper drain region is replaced with a high‐k DP at the channel–drain interface. It is demonstrated that due to the enhancement of the depleted drain region under DP, the minimum tunnelling width at channel–drain interface increases, and attains a maximum value for an optimum length and thickness of DP. Eventually, this increment in the minimum tunnelling width leads to a significant reduction in ambipolar conduction in TFETs. Furthermore, it is shown that performance parameters including the ON‐state current, subthreshold swing and output characteristics are not affected by the presence of the proposed DP. Even, the gate‐to‐drain capacitance is reduced with the inclusion of DP at the channel–drain interface, thus leading to an improved cut‐off frequency of TFETs. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that only a 10 nm of gate‐on‐drain overlapping along with this DP is capable of eliminating the ambipolarity completely for even a higher gate voltage of −0.8 V.
Beschwerden über Psychotherapie und ihre Auswirkungen auf Patienten und Patientinnen
Authors: Scholten Saskia , Velten Julia , Kintscher Maja , Pataki Anita , Margraf Jürgen 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie unprofessionelle Ausübung einer Psychotherapie schädigt ihr generell gutes Ansehen. Eine öffentliche Auseinandersetzung mit Kunstfehlern oder unethischem Therapeutenverhalten findet deshalb kaum statt, obgleich ein transparenter Umgang mit dem Thema auch dessen Rarität verdeutlichen und eine professionelle Handhabung mit Fehlverhalten fördern könnte. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse insgesamt 55 Beschwerdebriefe von Patientinnen an die Psychotherapeutenkammer Nordrhein-Westfalen aus den Jahren 2011 und 2012 analysiert. Alle Briefe wurden anonymisiert übergeben, nachdem die Bearbeitung der Beschwerde abgeschlossen war. Insgesamt wurden 149 Beschwerden über Kunstfehler und unethisches Verhalten sowie 124 Aussagen zu deren negativen Konsequenzen identifiziert. Die meisten Beschwerden über Kunstfehler betrafen die Kategorie „Verletzung therapeutischer Basisvariablen“ (40,3%), gefolgt von „Verletzung der Rahmenbedingungen“ (16,8%) und „finanzieller Missbrauch“ (12,1%). In Folge der Kunstfehler bzw. des unethischen Verhaltens berichteten 28,2% der Patientinnen eine „Veränderung ihrer Symptomatik“. Die Ergebnisse geben einen Einblick in die Bandbreite möglicher Beschwerden und deren Konsequenzen und unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, Patientinnen und Therapeutinnen für das Thema zu sensibilisieren.
Erste Erfahrungen mit dem „Fragebogen zu Nebenwirkungen in der Gruppentherapie und unerwünschten Gruppenerfahrungen“ (NUGE 24)
Authors: Strauß Bernhard , Drobinskaya Anastasia 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung eines Fragebogens beschrieben, der unerwünschte Erfahrungen mit Gruppenpsychotherapie und Nebenwirkungen des Gruppensettings erfassen soll. Auf der Basis von Interviews mit Experten und orientiert an einem Modell, das gruppenbezogene und therapeutenbezogene Belastungen, Belastungen durch Mitpatienten und persönliche Überforderung differenziert, wurde eine erste Version des Bogens im klinischen Feld in sehr unterschiedlichen Gruppen erprobt (N=168 Patienten). Der so generierte Datensatz diente zur Entwicklung einer 24-Item Version des „NUGE“-Fragebogens (Nebenwirkungen in der Gruppentherapie und unerwünschten Gruppenerfahrungen), von denen je 6 Items die 4 Inhaltsbereiche gut wiedergeben. Ein erster Vergleich verschiedener Gruppen im Hinblick auf die Belastungen und Nebenwirkungen deutet an, dass der Bogen differenziert unerwünschte Effekte und Nebenwirkungen erfassen kann, was nun in systematischeren Studien erfolgen sollte.
Conceptualizations of writing in early years curricula and standards documents: international perspectives
Authors: Stagg Peterson Shelley , Parr Judy , Lindgren Eva , Kaufman Douglas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this article, researchers in the field of early writing identify underlying beliefs and values about writing and learning to write for the beginning years of formal schooling in four jurisdictions: the American state of Connecticut, New Zealand, the Canadian province of Ontario, and Sweden, as reflected in the respective curricula and standards documents that guide instruction. Using Ivanič’s Discourses of Writing and Learning to Write to guide our text analysis, we found that curriculum developers have primarily been influenced by views of writing as a set of skills, processes, and genres. We found few references to the sociopolitical discourse which indicates a view among curriculum developers that sociopolitical literacy is not suitable for this age group. We argue, with support in previous research, that young children's writing does not have to be politically neutral and that it can be developed under age‐appropriate circumstances. Implications for policy and curriculum development include a need for greater consideration of the complexities of writing shown in research conducted across five decades. We propose a change to the model for early years, recognising that young children's socio‐political understandings lie within their home and school lives, rather than the broader community.