bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Stratospheric Sudden Warming Event in February 2018 and its Prediction by a Climate System Model
Authors: Rao Jian , Ren Rongcai , Chen Haishan , Yu Yueyue , Zhou Yang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event was observed in February 2018 after a 4‐year absence since the winter of 2013/2014. Based on the reanalysis data, the polar night jet changed from a very strong state to a moderate state during 12–19 January, and the moderate westerlies directly reversed to easterlies during 5–15 February. The intensified East Asian trough, Alaskan blocking, and East U.S. trough amplified the extratropical climatological wave 2, which propagated upward into the stratosphere, leading to a vortex‐splitting SSW event. Predictions of the February 2018 SSW event are explored in hindcasts initialized 0–4 weeks in advance by the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model. Less than 20% of the 28 ensemble members predict the reversal of [U]60°N, 10hPa in hindcasts initialized 3 or 4 weeks in advance if a 5‐day error is allowed, while this ratio increases to 43% in hindcasts initialized 1 week in advance. Based on the climatological occurrence of SSW events in the forecast system, the maximum deterministic predictable limit of this event is 1–2 weeks in this forecast system. The eddy heat flux and its domination by wave 2 can only be predicted within the predictable time limit. A comparison between hindcast members initialized 2 weeks in advance suggests that the extratropical troughs and blockings are responsible for the upward propagation of waves from the troposphere to the stratosphere. The predictable limit of the stratospheric circulation pattern for the February 2018 SSW, 1–2 weeks, also generalizes to other vortex split SSW events such as the January 2009 and February 1999 cases.
Evaluations and Improvements of GLDAS2.0 and GLDAS2.1 Forcing Data's Applicability for Basin Scale Hydrological Simulations in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Qi Wei , Liu Junguo , Chen Deliang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHydroclimatic data are of importance to understand the water cycle and therefore for water resource assessment. Such data are of paramount importance for the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which is the source region of several large rivers in Asia. The Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) 2.0 and 2.1 provide abundant fine resolution hydroclimatic data. However, evaluations on their applicability have not been carried out for the TP. This study aims to evaluate and improve their applicability in basin‐scale hydrological applications in the TP. Gauge‐based data, a hydrological model including biosphere and seven state‐of‐the‐art global precipitation products are utilized to carry out the study in four large basins in the TP. We find that GLDAS2.1 shows significant warming trends from 2001 to 2010, whereas GLDAS2.0 shows cooling trends, although only significant in the Upper Yellow River basin. The contrasting trends imply that caution should be taken when using them to analyze climate change impacts. On a monthly scale, GLDAS2.1 precipitation on average is closer to the gauge‐based data than GLDAS2.0, but both of them have high uncertainty. Therefore, further quality improvements in precipitation are of importance. We also find CMORPH‐BLD has better performance than other products in terms of Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Relative Bias (RB), and root‐mean‐square error. Combining CMORPH‐BLD with GLDAS2.0 forcing data generates more realistic runoff simulation than GLDAS2.1, with NSE and RB being 0.85 and 16% on average. The results provide unique insights into the studied data and are beneficial for water resource assessment in the TP.
Southward Shift of the Pacific ITCZ During the Holocene
Authors: Sachs J. P. , Blois J. L. , McGee T. , Wolhowe M. , Haberle S. , Clark G. , Atahan P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Holocene (0–11.7 ka BP) appears warm and stable in ice core and global temperature reconstructions as well as in transient climate simulations. This seeming quiescence of Earth's climate belies large secular changes in seasonal and zonal mean radiation receipts resulting from variations in orbital precession and obliquity. Here we show that the tropical Pacific, a key mediator of global climate, underwent a profound climatic shift during the Holocene. Hydrogen isotope ratios of the algal lipid dinosterol, isolated from marine lake sediments in Palau, increased by 50‰ between 7.7 and 4.5 ka BP, indicating a reduction in precipitation. This implied drying coincided with increased rainfall to the southwest of Palau in Borneo, weakened northern hemisphere monsoons, strengthened southern hemisphere monsoons, and an equatorward shift of terrestrial photosynthesis. A southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, forced by insolation, is the most likely cause of these climatic and biospheric changes.
Upregulation of Ets1 expression by NFATc2 and NFKB1/RELA promotes breast cancer cell invasiveness
Authors: Kim Gi-Cheon , Kwon Ho-Keun , Lee Choong-Gu , Verma Ravi , Rudra Dipayan , Kim Taemook , Kang Keunsoo , Nam Jong Hee , Kim Young , Im Sin-Hyeog 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBreast cancer is highly aggressive and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women in developed countries. The ETS proto-oncogene 1 (Ets1) has versatile roles during the cellular processes of cancer development. It is often highly expressed in breast cancers and mediates migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells. However, underlying mechanisms ofEts1gene expression is still ambiguous. Here, we identified a core-regulatory element (CRE) located in the Ets1 promoter region (−540/−80 bp from TSS) that contains elements responsible for associating with NFATs and NF-κBs. Compared with the less metastatic breast cancer cells, metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) show open chromatin configurations in the CRE, which facilitates direct binding of NFATc2 and/or NFKB1/RELA complex to trans-activateEts1transcription. Moreover, enhanced level ofNfatc2andNfkb1positively correlated with Ets1 expression in the human breast cancer specimens. Deletion of the CRE region by CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in significant reduction in Ets1 expression, which led to alterations of Ets1-mediated transcription programs including tumor invasiveness-related genes. Proper regulation ofEts1gene expression by targeting the NFATc2 and NFKB1/RELA interaction could be a potential therapeutic target for Ets1-mediated metastatic breast cancer.
miR-21 promotes EGF-induced pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by targeting Spry2
Authors: Zhao Qiuyan , Chen Sumin , Zhu Zhonglin , Yu Lanting , Ren Yingchun , Jiang Mingjie , Weng Junyong , Li Baiwen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant cancer that lacks effective targets for therapy. Alteration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression has been recognized as an essential molecular event in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that miRNAs play critical roles in EGF signaling regulation, tumor initiation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here, we demonstrated that miR-21 expression was induced by EGF in pancreatic cancer cells. miR-21 promoted EGF-induced proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis and accelerated cell cycle progression. In vivo experiments confirmed the influence of miR-21 on tumor growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-21 targeted MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to modulate cell proliferation. In addition, Spry2 was proven to be a target of miR-21. Furthermore, miR-21 and Spry2 were significantly related to clinical features and may be valuable predictors of PDAC patient prognosis.
Cell cycle shift from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases is responsible for increased adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals on repairing renal tubular cells at injured site
Authors: Khamchun Supaporn , Thongboonkerd Visith 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRenal tubular cell injury can enhance calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal adhesion at the injured site and thus may increase the stone risk. Nevertheless, underlying mechanism of such enhancement remained unclear. In the present study, confluent MDCK renal tubular cell monolayers were scratched to allow cells to proliferate and repair the injured site. At 12-h post-scratch, the repairing cells had significant increases in crystal adhesion capacity and cell proliferation as compared to the control. Cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry demonstrated that the repairing cells underwent cell cycle shift from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases. Cyclosporin A (CsA) and hydroxyurea (HU) at sub-toxic doses caused cell cycle shift mimicking that observed in the repairing cells. Crystal-cell adhesion assay confirmed the increased crystal adhesion capacity of the CsA-treated and HU-treated cells similar to that of the repairing cells. These findings provide evidence indicating that cell cycle shift from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases is responsible, at least in part, for the increased adhesion of COM crystals on repairing renal tubular cells at the injured site.
Vasculogenic mimicry formation in EBV-associated epithelial malignancies
Authors: Xiang Tong , Lin Yu-Xin , Ma Wenlong , Zhang Hao-Jiong , Chen Ke-Ming , He Gui-Ping , Zhang Xiao , Xu Miao , Feng Qi-Sheng , Chen Ming-Yuan , Zeng Mu-Sheng , Zeng Yi-Xin , Feng Lin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated epithelial cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and approximately 10% of gastric cancers, termed EBVaGC, represent 80% of all EBV-related malignancies. However, the exact role of EBV in epithelial cancers remains elusive. Here, we report that EBV functions in vasculogenic mimicry (VM). Epithelial cancer cells infected with EBV develop tumor vascular networks that correlate with tumor growth, which is different from endothelial-derived angiogenic vessels and is VEGF-independent. Mechanistically, activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling cascade, which is partly mediated by LMP2A, is responsible for EBV-induced VM formation. Both xenografts and clinical samples of NPC and EBVaGC exhibit VM histologically, which are correlated with AKT and HIF-1α activation. Furthermore, although anti-VEGF monotherapy shows limited effects, potent synergistic antitumor activities are achieved by combination therapy with VEGF and HIF-1α-targeted agents. Our findings suggest that EBV creates plasticity in epithelial cells to express endothelial phenotype and provides a novel EBV-targeted antitumor strategy.
Imaging antiferromagnetic antiphase domain boundaries using magnetic Bragg diffraction phase contrast
Authors: Kim Min Gyu , Miao Hu , Gao Bin , Cheong S.-W. , Mazzoli C. , Barbour A. , Hu Wen , Wilkins S. B. , Robinson I. K. , Dean M. P. M. , Kiryukhin V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractManipulating magnetic domains is essential for many technological applications. Recent breakthroughs in Antiferromagnetic Spintronics brought up novel concepts for electronic device development. Imaging antiferromagnetic domains is of key importance to this field. Unfortunately, some of the basic domain types, such as antiphase domains, cannot be imaged by conventional techniques. Herein, we present a new domain projection imaging technique based on the localization of domain boundaries by resonant magnetic diffraction of coherent X rays. Contrast arises from reduction of the scattered intensity at the domain boundaries due to destructive interference effects. We demonstrate this approach by imaging antiphase domains in a collinear antiferromagnet Fe2Mo3O8, and observe evidence of domain wall interaction with a structural defect. This technique does not involve any numerical algorithms. It is fast, sensitive, produces large-scale images in a single-exposure measurement, and is applicable to a variety of magnetic domain types.
Distinct contributions of tensile and shear stress on E-cadherin levels during morphogenesis
Authors: Kale Girish R. , Yang Xingbo , Philippe Jean-Marc , Mani Madhav , Lenne Pierre-François , Lecuit Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring epithelial morphogenesis, cell contacts (junctions) are constantly remodeled by mechanical forces that work against adhesive forces. E-cadherin complexes play a pivotal role in this process by providing persistent cell adhesion and by transmitting mechanical tension. In this context, it is unclear how mechanical forces affect E-cadherin adhesion and junction dynamics. During Drosophila embryo axis elongation, Myosin-II activity in the apico-medial and junctional cortex generates mechanical forces to drive junction remodeling. Here we report that the ratio between Vinculin and E-cadherin intensities acts as a ratiometric readout for these mechanical forces (load) at E-cadherin complexes. Medial Myosin-II loads E-cadherin complexes on all junctions, exerts tensile forces, and increases levels of E-cadherin. Junctional Myosin-II, on the other hand, biases the distribution of load between junctions of the same cell, exerts shear forces, and decreases the levels of E-cadherin. This work suggests distinct effects of tensile versus shear stresses on E-cadherin adhesion.
Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of sterically hindered N-tosylimines
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Zhang Zhenfeng , Li Bowen , Li Feilong , Wang Yulin , Zhao Min , Gridnev Ilya D. , Imamoto Tsuneo , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAsymmetric hydrogenation of sterically hindered substrates still constitutes a long-standing challenge in the area of asymmetric catalysis. Herein, an efficient palladium acetate (an inexpensive Pd salt with low toxicity) catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of sterically hindered N-tosylimines is realized with high catalytic activities (S/C up to 5000) and excellent enantioselectivities (ee up to 99.9%). Quantum chemical calculations suggest that uniformly high enantioselectivities are observed due to the structurally different S- and R-reaction pathways.
Geometric phase magnetometry using a solid-state spin
Authors: Arai K. , Lee J. , Belthangady C. , Glenn D. R. , Zhang H. , Walsworth R. L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA key challenge of magnetometry lies in the simultaneous optimization of magnetic field sensitivity and maximum field range. In interferometry-based magnetometry, a quantum two-level system acquires a dynamic phase in response to an applied magnetic field. However, due to the 2π periodicity of the phase, increasing the coherent interrogation time to improve sensitivity reduces field range. Here we introduce a route towards both large magnetic field range and high sensitivity via measurements of the geometric phase acquired by a quantum two-level system. We experimentally demonstrate geometric-phase magnetometry using the electronic spin associated with the nitrogen vacancy (NV) color center in diamond. Our approach enables unwrapping of the 2π phase ambiguity, enhancing field range by 400 times. We also find additional sensitivity improvement in the nonadiabatic regime, and study how geometric-phase decoherence depends on adiabaticity. Our results show that the geometric phase can be a versatile tool for quantum sensing applications.
Differentiation between enamines and tautomerizable imines in the oxidation reaction with TEMPO
Authors: Jie Xiaoming , Shang Yaping , Chen Zhe-Ning , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhuang Wei , Su Weiping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnamine and imine represent two of the most common reaction intermediates in syntheses, and the imine intermediates containing α-hydrogen often exhibit the similar reactivity to enamines due to their rapid tautomerization to enamine tautomers. Herein, we report that the minor structural difference between the enamine and the enamine tautomer derived from imine tautomerization results in the different chemo- and regioselectivity in the reaction of cyclohexanones, amines and TEMPO: the reaction of primary amines furnishes the formal oxygen 1,2-migration product, α-amino-enones, while the reaction of secondary amines under similar conditions generates exclusively arylamines via consecutive dehydrogenation on the cyclohexyl rings. The 18O-labeling experiment for α-amino-enone formation revealed that TEMPO served as oxygen transfer reagent. Experimental and computational studies of reaction mechanisms revealed that the difference in chemo- and regioselectivity could be ascribed to the flexible imine-enamine tautomerization of the imine intermediate containing an α-hydrogen.
Hysteresis control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition dynamics conveys a distinct program with enhanced metastatic ability
Authors: Celià-Terrassa Toni , Bastian Caleb , Liu Daniel D. , Ell Brian , Aiello Nicole M. , Wei Yong , Zamalloa Jose , Blanco Andres M. , Hang Xiang , Kunisky Dmitriy , Li Wenyang , Williams Elizabeth D. , Rabitz Herschel , Kang Yibin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEpithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been extensively characterized in development and cancer, and its dynamics have been modeled as a non-linear process. However, less is known about how such dynamics may affect its biological impact. Here, we use mathematical modeling and experimental analysis of the TGF-β-induced EMT to reveal a non-linear hysteretic response of E-cadherin repression tightly controlled by the strength of the miR-200s/ZEBs negative feedback loop. Hysteretic EMT conveys memory state, ensures rapid and robust cellular response and enables EMT to persist long after withdrawal of stimuli. Importantly, while both hysteretic and non-hysteretic EMT confer similar morphological changes and invasive potential of cancer cells, only hysteretic EMT enhances lung metastatic colonization efficiency. Cells that undergo hysteretic EMT differentially express subsets of stem cell and extracellular matrix related genes with significant clinical prognosis value. These findings illustrate distinct biological impact of EMT depending on the dynamics of the transition.
Single cell RNA-sequencing identifies a metabolic aspect of apoptosis in Rbf mutant
Authors: Ariss Majd M. , Islam Abul B. M. M. K. , Critcher Meg , Zappia Maria Paula , Frolov Maxim V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe function of Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (pRB) is greatly influenced by the cellular context, therefore the consequences of pRB inactivation are cell-type-specific. Here we employ single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile the impact of an Rbf mutation during Drosophila eye development. First, we build a catalogue of 11,500 wild type eye disc cells containing major known cell types. We find a transcriptional switch occurring in differentiating photoreceptors at the time of axonogenesis. Next, we map a cell landscape of Rbf mutant and identify a mutant-specific cell population that shows intracellular acidification due to increase in glycolytic activity. Genetic experiments demonstrate that such metabolic changes, restricted to this unique Rbf mutant population, sensitize cells to apoptosis and define the pattern of cell death in Rbf mutant eye disc. Thus, these results illustrate how scRNA-seq can be applied to dissect mutant phenotypes.
Oxidative stress in the oral cavity is driven by individual-specific bacterial communities
Authors: Džunková Mária , Martinez-Martinez Daniel , Gardlík Roman , Behuliak Michal , Janšáková Katarína , Jiménez Nuria , Vázquez-Castellanos Jorge F. , Martí Jose Manuel , D’Auria Giuseppe , Bandara H. M. H. N. , Latorre Amparo , Celec Peter , Moya Andrés 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe term “bacterial dysbiosis” is being used quite extensively in metagenomic studies, however, the identification of harmful bacteria often fails due to large overlap between the bacterial species found in healthy volunteers and patients. We hypothesized that the pathogenic oral bacteria are individual-specific and they correlate with oxidative stress markers in saliva which reflect the inflammatory processes in the oral cavity. Temporally direct and lagged correlations between the markers and bacterial taxa were computed individually for 26 volunteers who provided saliva samples during one month (21.2 ± 2.7 samples/volunteer, 551 samples in total). The volunteers’ microbiomes differed significantly by their composition and also by their degree of microbiome temporal variability and oxidative stress markers fluctuation. The results showed that each of the marker-taxa pairs can have negative correlations in some volunteers while positive in others. Streptococcus mutans, which used to be associated with caries before the metagenomics era, had the most prominent correlations with the oxidative stress markers, however, these correlations were not confirmed in all volunteers. The importance of longitudinal samples collections in correlation studies was underlined by simulation of single sample collections in 1000 different combinations which produced contradictory results. In conclusion, the distinct intra-individual correlation patterns suggest that different bacterial consortia might be involved in the oxidative stress induction in each human subject. In the future, decreasing cost of DNA sequencing will allow to analyze multiple samples from each patient, which might help to explore potential diagnostic applications and understand pathogenesis of microbiome-associated oral diseases.
A Convenient Non-harm Cervical Spondylosis Intelligent Identity method based on Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Nana , Huang Xi , Rao Yi , Xiao Jing , Lu Jiahui , Wang Nian , Cui Li 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCervical spondylosis (CS), a most common orthopedic diseases, is mainly identified by the doctor’s judgment from the clinical symptoms and cervical change provided by expensive instruments in hospital. Owing to the development of the surface electromyography (sEMG) technique and artificial intelligence, we proposed a convenient non-harm CS intelligent identify method EasiCNCSII, including the sEMG data acquisition and the CS identification. Faced with the limit testable muscles, the data acquisition method are proposed to conveniently and effectively collect data based on the tendons theory and CS etiology. Faced with high-dimension and the weak availability of the data, the 3-tier model EasiAI is developed to intelligently identify CS. The common features and new features are extracted from raw sEMG data in first tier. The EasiRF is proposed in second tier to further reduce the data dimension, improving the performance. A classification model based on gradient boosted regression tree is developed in third tier to identify CS. Compared with 4 common machine learning classification models, the EasiCNCSII achieves best performance of 91.02% in mean accuracy, 97.14% in mean sensitivity, 81.43% in mean specificity, 0.95 in mean AUC.
Aging of stimulus-driven and goal-directed attentional processes in young immigrants with long-term high altitude exposure in Tibet: An ERP study
Authors: Ma Hailin , Huang Xiaoyan , Liu Ming , Ma Huifang , Zhang Delong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHigh altitude (HA) exposure reduces the behavioral response to visual attention and the neural basis is still largely unclear. The present study explored the stimulus-driven and goal-directed factors that are hidden within this attentional behavior impairment via a visual search paradigm in young immigrants in Tibet by recording event-related potential (ERPs). We found that HA explosure significantly slowed the stimulus-driven behaviors instead of the goal-directed behaviors. Furthermore, the P1, N1, and P3 amplitudes collectively indicated the poor efficiency of entire attention behaviors, in which the P3 magnitude of resources allocation was negatively correlated with the attentional behavior response. And the P3 scalp distribution suggested a compensation for insufficient resources of sensory processing only in the goal-directed behaviors. Together, the present study made the point on how stimulus-driven and goal-directed attentional behaviors changed as a result of chronic HA environment exposure, which is similar to aging.