bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for detectability and abundance in survey design for a declining species
Authors: Burns Phoebe A. , McCall Claire , Rowe Kevin C. , Parrott Marissa L. , Phillips Ben L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimAs populations decline they become harder to detect simply because there are fewer animals to observe. In such cases, survey effort that was once reliable may become inadequate and the species incorrectly labelled locally extinct, causing management efforts to cease. For declining populations, then, we need to determine the survey effort necessary to detect the species, assuming only a single individual is present at a site. Detectability, however, often varies wildly with seasonal, behavioural and environmental variables. Thus, we need statistical analyses and survey design which can deal with highly variable detection rates and allow us to detect even very small populations. This is especially true in Australia, where many mammal species are experiencing serious decline. Here, we examine a threatened Australian rodent, the New Holland Mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae): we determine minimum survey requirements for reliable detection and show that historical survey effort is inadequate to assert local extinction.LocationVictoria, Australia.MethodsUsing a 48‐year live‐trapping dataset, we estimated P. novaehollandiae abundance and detectability using N‐mixture modelling in a Bayesian framework, testing the effects of seasonal fluctuations and environmental variables to determine ideal conditions for occupancy surveys. We used these findings to assess the adequacy of historical resurvey efforts in confirming local extinctions.ResultsWe found that detectability followed seasonal fluctuations distinct from changes in abundance, was strongly reduced by brighter moon phases, and slightly increased over the course of a survey and when raining. When abundance was low, standard historical survey efforts were inadequate to assert the species' absence with appropriate statistical confidence, indicating that further surveys would be required to test purported local extinctions.Main conclusionsOur results highlight the potential for considerable intra‐species heterogeneity in detectability caused by shifting local abundances and survey conditions, as well as the importance of accounting for detectability when monitoring threatened and declining species.
Over‐the‐scope clip for acute esophageal variceal bleeding
Authors: Mangas‐Sanjuan Carolina , Martínez-Moreno Belén , Bozhychko Maryana , Compañy Luis , Martinez Juan , Ruiz Francisco , Casellas Juan Antonio , Aparicio José Ramón 
Published: July 2019

Over‐the‐scope clip (OTSC) has been reported to control non‐variceal bleeding; however, the use of this device for acute variceal hemorrhage (AVH) is very limited. We report our experience regarding the use of OTSC in patients with AVH in terms of technical success and safety. A retrospective clinical experience case series study was conducted from October 2017 to June 2019 at two tertiary care centers. Adult patients with AVH as a result of small varices managed with OTSC after endoscopic band ligation (EBL) failure were enrolled. Standard gastroscope and OTSC ‘type a’ with a cap of 11 mm in diameter were used in all procedures. Total of five patients with chronic liver disease (Child‐Pugh score ≤8) and portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient, mean 14.4 ± 1.3 mmHg) were included. Four of them presented collapse of the bleeding varix, and one had wall disruption associated with fibrosis secondary to prior banding. We were able to stop AVH in all patients without clip‐related adverse events during a 30‐day follow‐up period. Two patients developed solid food dysphagia after 3 months of clip deployment that resolved after removal using a bipolar cutting device. Twin grasper or anchor were not used to aid or facilitate the approximation of opposite edges in any patient. No additional local therapies or new endoscopic session for variceal eradication were required. This case series shows preliminary success controlling AVH with OTSC after EBL failure in patients with small varices. Esophageal dysphagia may appear as a complication during follow up but it can be resolved by clip removal.
Prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems in cerebral palsy across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Speyer Renée , Cordier Reinie , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Cocks Naomi , Michou Emilia , Wilkes‐Gillan Sarah 
Published: July 2019

AimTo determine the prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems in persons with cerebral palsy (CP) across the lifespan.MethodA systematic review was conducted using five different databases (AMED, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed). The selection process was completed by two independent researchers and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the STROBE and AXIS guidelines. Meta‐analyses were conducted to determine pooled prevalence estimates of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems with stratified group analyses by type of assessment and Gross Motor Function Classification System level.ResultsA total of 42 studies were included. Substantial variations in selected outcome measures and variables were observed, and data on adults were limited. Pooled prevalence estimates determined by meta‐analyses were as high as 44.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 35.6–52.7) for drooling, 50.4% (95% CI 36.0–64.8) for swallowing problems, and 53.5% (95% CI 40.7–65.9) for feeding problems. Group analyses for type of assessments were non‐significant; however, more severely impaired functioning in CP was associated with concomitant problems of increased drooling, swallowing, and feeding.InterpretationDrooling, swallowing, and feeding problems are very common in people with CP. Consequently, they experience increased risks of malnutrition and dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and poor quality of life.What this paper adds

Drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems are very common in persons with cerebral palsy (CP).

The prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems is 44.0%, 50.4%, and 53.5% respectively.

There are limited data on the prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems in adults.

Higher Gross Motor Function Classification System levels are associated with higher prevalence of drooling, swallowing, and feeding problems.

There is increased risk for malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and poor quality of life in CP.
Political corruption and capture of the minority
Authors: Giannoccolo Pierpaolo , Lisciandra Maurizio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article presents a model of political corruption in which a briber can choose either to bribe only the incumbent party or to capture also the opposition party to sterilize its monitoring role. The analysis also explores interparty collusion, media independence, and political contestability. The model suggests that policies aiming to strengthen the role of minorities can produce ambiguous effects as they may induce bribers' avoidance behavior. Reputational sanctions appear to be less effective than criminal ones, although political contestability increases their deterrence effect. Paradoxically, harsh criminal sanctions may induce tacit collusion because minorities highly regard their outcomes once in power.
Increased risk of epilepsy in patients registered in the Swedish Dementia Registry
Authors: Zelano J. , Brigo F. , Garcia‐Patek S. 
Published: July 2019

Background and purposeData on epilepsy in dementia, particularly on its risk factors, are scarce. Confounding comorbidities and the rising incidence of epilepsy in older age have hampered studies in this field. The occurrence and risk factors for epilepsy in the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem), a large cohort of patients with dementia, have been examined.MethodsInformation on epilepsy and seizure‐related diagnoses, comorbidities and survival were extracted for all individuals in SveDem (n = 81 192) and three randomly selected age‐ and gender‐matched controls from the population register, excluding all with a dementia diagnosis (n = 223 933). The risk of epilepsy following dementia diagnosis was estimated with Kaplan–Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to identify risk factors and adjust for comorbidities.ResultsA diagnosis of epilepsy was found more frequently amongst dementia patients [4.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.8–4.1] than controls (1.9%, 95% CI 1.9–2.0). The risk of incident epilepsy after dementia was 2.1% (95% CI 1.9–2.3) at 5 years and 4.0% (95%CI 3.4–4.6) at 10 years, compared to 0.8% (95% CI 0.8–0.8) and 1.6% (95% CI 1.4–1.8) respectively for controls. The risk was greatest for early‐onset Alzheimer's disease. In multivariate analysis, dementia was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.52 (95% CI 2.31–2.74) for epilepsy. Young age, male sex, stroke, brain trauma, brain tumour and low Mini‐Mental State Examination score significantly increased the risk.ConclusionsDementia, particularly young‐onset Alzheimer's disease, increases the risk of subsequent epilepsy. Further studies are needed to determine optimal management and the impact of epilepsy on prognosis.
Postoperative memory prognosis in temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: The contribution of postictal memory
Authors: Sveikata Lukas , Kavan Nicole , Pegna Alan J. , Seeck Margitta , Assal Frederic , Momjian Shahan , Schaller Karl , Vulliemoz Serge 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe prediction of verbal memory decline after temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery remains difficult at an individual level. We evaluated the prognostic value of postictal memory testing in predicting the postoperative verbal memory function.MethodsSixty‐three consecutive patients were included in the analysis who underwent TLE surgery at our center with preoperative interictal/postictal and postoperative memory testing. Verbal memory was evaluated using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). We used reliable change indices with 90% confidence interval (90% RCIs) to evaluate a significant postoperative memory decline. The sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), area under the curve (AUC), and accuracy (ACC) were calculated. The analysis was performed for all TLE patients and for the subgroup with hippocampal sclerosis (HS).ResultsLeft‐TLE patients (n = 31) had lower verbal memory scores on RAVLT than right‐TLE at 3 months (57% vs 78%) and 12 months (53% vs 78%) after surgery. The 90% RCI was estimated to be a loss of 4 out of 15 items. The predictive value was Sn = 42%, Sp = 84%, PPV = 39%, NPV = 86%, AUC = 0.630, and ACC = 76% to predict a verbal memory decline in the whole group (n = 63). In HS patients (n = 41), the postictal verbal memory test had Sn = 50%, Sp = 88%, PPV = 50%, NPV = 88%, AUC = 0.689, and ACC = 81% to predict a significant postoperative decline.SignificancePostictal memory is a noninvasive bedside memory test that can help predict the postoperative verbal memory decline in patients with HS with an overall accuracy of 81%.
The national blueprint for 21st century data and specimen collection and observational cohort studies: NHLBI State of the Science Workshop on factor VIII inhibitors
Authors: Konkle Barbara A. , Recht Michael ,   on behalf of the members of Working Group 2, the NHLBI State of the Science Workshop on factor VIII inhibitors: Generating a national blueprint for future research
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionA devastating complication of hemophilia A, the congenital deficiency of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), therapy is the development of inhibitory antibodies (inhibitors) to infused FVIII concentrate affecting up to 30% of people with the most severe form of the disease. Although the number of patients affected by hemophilia A with inhibitors is small, the physical, emotional, financial, and public health impact is overwhelming to the patient, family, and medical system. To best serve this patient population, as well as enhance knowledge around this complication, a robust data and specimen collection strategy must be designed.AimWorking Group 2 (WG2) of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)‐ sponsored State of the Science (SOS) workshop on factor VIII inhibitors in 2018 was tasked with developing recommendations around the conduct of research, modeling efficient data and specimen collection, developing infrastructure support, establishing partnerships with all stakeholders, including international collaborators, addressing ethical issues, maximizing patient/family engagement and promoting training opportunities.MethodsA group with diverse expertise was assembled who reviewed the current state of data and specimen collection in patients with hemophilia and developed recommendations for the future.ResultsOur results were presented at the SOS Workshop where additional feedback was gained.ConclusionOur charge and recommendations are summarized in this manuscript.
Elimination of intravenous alendronate by hemodialysis: A kinetic study
Authors: Iseri Ken , Watanabe Makoto , Lee Xiao‐Pen , Yamada Miho , Ryu Kakei , Iyoda Masayuki , Uchida Naoki , Sato Keizo , Shibata Takanori 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe potential utility of intravenous alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in hemodialysis patients was recently reported. However, the pharmacokinetics of intravenous alendronate in patients on hemodialysis is not clear.MethodsSix hemodialysis patients (mean age, 80.5 years) with osteoporosis who had received intravenous alendronate prior to the study were enrolled. The participants received a 30‐min infusion of 900‐μg alendronate intravenously at the beginning of the dialysis session. The blood flow rate (Qb) and dialysate flow rate (Qd) were set at 200 mL/min and 500 mL/min, respectively. All patients used the same dialyzer (1.5‐m2 polysulfone membrane). At the completion of administration, plasma and dialysate samples were collected, and alendronate concentrations were determined using metal‐free high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).ResultsThe plasma arterial alendronate concentration was 150.9 ± 46.09 ng/mL. It decreased through the dialyzer to 76.1 ± 34.1 ng/mL (venous alendronate concentration). Mean alendronate clearance was 113.9 ± 25.6 mL/min. Mean alendronate removal by hemodialysis, measured by the difference in arterial–venous concentrations, was 51.8%.ConclusionsFifty percent of intravenous alendronate was removed by hemodialysis, which is nearly equal to elimination of alendronate in patients with normal renal function. The elimination by hemodialysis would decrease the risk of excessive accumulation in bone. UMIN 000027182.
A nonsurgical and nonpharmacological care bundle for preventing upper urinary tract damage in patients with spinal cord injury and neurogenic bladder
Authors: Fang Hengying , Lin Jinxiang , Liang Limin , Long Xiaofang , Zhu Xiaojia , Cai Wenzhi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo establish a care bundle in spinal cord injury patients with neurogenic bladder to avoid upper urinary tract damage and to provide guidance for health care staff in use of nonsurgical and nonpharmacological adjunctive strategies to improve patients' clinical outcomes.BackgroundPrevention of upper urinary tract damage is critical in the management of spinal cord injury patients with a neurogenic bladder, but there are no authoritative guidelines or high‐quality randomized controlled trials.DesignThe study was conducted on the basis of Fulbrook and Mooney's seven‐step method for care bundle development.Data SourcesThe databases PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, the Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Dissertation Database were searched from the date of each database's inception to April 2017.Review methodsWe evaluated the literature according to the Joanna Briggs Institute evidence pre‐ranking and grade recommendation system (2014 version). The results were examined using a self‐designed data extraction.ResultsA three‐element cluster including clean intermittent catheterization, bladder function training, and transcutaneous low‐frequency pulsed electrical stimulation was formed.ConclusionThe development of this bundle can provide a scientific basis for effective prevention of neurogenic upper urinary tract damage in clinical practice.
Transmission of dental fear from parent to adolescent in an Appalachian sample in the USA
Authors: McNeil Daniel W. , Randall Cameron L. , Cohen Lindsey L. , Crout Richard J. , Weyant Robert J. , Neiswanger Katherine , Marazita Mary L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDental fear/anxiety is associated with numerous negative outcomes. State dental fear is known to be transmitted from parents to their children in the dental setting, but it is not known how trait fear/anxiety might be shared between parents and offspring long term, and especially for adolescents.AimThis study aimed to: (a) compare dental fear levels of adolescents and their parents; (b) predict adolescent dental fear based on demographic variables, fear of pain, and parental dental fear; and, (c) determine relative contributions of mothers' and fathers' dental fear to adolescent fear.DesignIn this cross‐sectional study, the Dental Fear Survey and Fear of Pain Questionnaire‐9 were administered to 350 adolescents (age range 11‐17) and 515 of their parents, withttest and ANOVA used to calculate between‐group differences; multiple linear regression was used to predict adolescent fear from parent fear.ResultsAdolescents' dental fear was predicted by their own fear of pain and their parents' dental fear, but not their parents' fear of pain nor their own age or gender. When considered together, fathers' but not mothers' dental fear predicted adolescents' dental fear.ConclusionsParents' fears/anxieties about dentistry are associated with adolescents' dental fear in a manner suggestive of intergenerational transmission.
Increased risk of head injury in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Grigorian Areg , Nahmias Jeffry , Dolich Matthew , Barrios Cristobal , Schubl Sebastian D. , Sheehan Brian , Lekawa Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the general pediatric population is 7%, whereas the prevalence in trauma is unknown. We hypothesized pediatric patients with ADHD would have a higher risk of involvement in a mechanism of injury (MOI) requiring constant attention to surroundings, such as a bicycle collision.MethodsThe Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2014–2016) was queried for patients with ADHD. Patients, less than 16 years of age, with ADHD were compared to those without ADHD.ResultsThe prevalence of ADHD was 2.5% (2,866). ADHD patients had higher risk for bicycle collision (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–2.15; p < .001). ADHD bicyclists were less likely to wear a helmet (9.4% vs. 18.2%, p = .003) and had a higher rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI; 55.6% vs. 39.7%, p < .001), compared to non‐ADHD bicyclists.ConclusionsPediatric ADHD patients have a 60% higher risk of being involved in a bicycle collision. ADHD patients that are involved in a bicycle collision are less likely to wear a helmet with a higher rate of TBI. Increased public awareness, education, and supervision may help reduce risk of bicycle collisions and TBI in this population.
Angiotensin II receptor blocker attenuates stress pressor response in young adult African Americans
Authors: Jeong Jin Hee , Hanevold Coral , Harris Ryan A. , Kapuku Gaston , Pollock Jennifer , Pollock David , Harshfield Gregory 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAfrican Americans (AAs) are susceptible to hypertension (HTN) and its associated organ damage leading to adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Psychological stress is proposed to contribute to the development of HTN; however, the potential role of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in stress‐related HTN in AAs is largely unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of RAS is a potential contributing factor for altered CV responses to stress, and suppression of angiotensin II (Ang II) activity will improve hemodynamic responses to a prolonged mental stressor in healthy young AAs. Utilizing a double‐blind, randomized, crossover study design, 132 normotensive AAs (25 ± 7 years) were treated with either a placebo (PLC) or 150 mg/d irbesartan (an Ang II type 1 receptor blocker; ARB) for 1 week. On the final day of each treatment, hemodynamic measures and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) were collected before, during and after a 45 minute‐mental stress. The magnitude of stress‐induced increase in blood pressure with ARB was blunted and delayed compared to PLC. Systolic blood pressure at the end of recovery on ARB was significantly lower compared to either PLC (110 ± 13 vs 117 ± 12 mm Hg respectively; P < 0.001) or the prestress level on ARB (P = 0.02). ARB treatment reduced overall vasoconstriction and improved poststress UNaV. ARB attenuated blood pressure responses to mental stress and improved the poststress BP recovery process which were partly linked to reduced overall vasoconstriction and improved stress‐induced UNaV in young adult AAs prior to the development of disease conditions. These results suggest that treatment approaches that inhibit RAS action could have significant relevance to potentially lower susceptibility to stress responses and eventually the premature development of HTN in AAs.
Different signalling in infarcted and non‐infarcted areas of rat failing hearts: A role of necroptosis and inflammation
Authors: Lichý Martin , Szobi Adrián , Hrdlička Jaroslav , Horváth Csaba , Kormanová Veronika , Rajtík Tomáš , Neckář Jan , Kolář František , Adameová Adriana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNecroptosis has been recognized in heart failure (HF). In this study, we investigated detailed necroptotic signalling in infarcted and non‐infarcted areas separately and its mechanistic link with main features of HF. Post‐infarction HF in rats was induced by left coronary occlusion (60 minutes) followed by 42‐day reperfusion. Heart function was assessed echocardiographically. Molecular signalling and proposed mechanisms (oxidative stress, collagen deposition and inflammation) were investigated in whole hearts and in subcellular fractions when appropriate. In post‐infarction failing hearts, TNF and pSer229‐RIP3 levels were comparably increased in both infarcted and non‐infarcted areas. Its cytotoxic downstream molecule p‐MLKL, indicating necroptosis execution, was detected in infarcted area. In non‐infarcted area, despite increased pSer229‐RIP3, p‐MLKL was present in neither whole cells nor the cell membrane known to be associated with necroptosis execution. Likewise, increased membrane lipoperoxidation and NOX2 levels unlikely promoted pro‐necroptotic environment in non‐infarcted area. Collagen deposition and the inflammatory csp‐1‐IL‐1β axis were active in both areas of failing hearts, while being more pronounced in infarcted tissue. Although apoptotic proteins were differently expressed in infarcted and non‐infarcted tissue, apoptosis was found to play an insignificant role. p‐MLKL‐driven necroptosis and inflammation while inflammation only (without necroptotic cell death) seem to underlie fibrotic healing and progressive injury in infarcted and non‐infarcted areas of failing hearts, respectively. Upregulation of pSer229‐RIP3 in both HF areas suggests that this kinase, associated with both necroptosis and inflammation, is likely to play a dual role in HF progression.