bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Information Entropy to Measure Stationary Randomness of Quantum Random Sequences
Authors: Yang Weizhong , Luo Yamin , Li Zhefei , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDifferent statistical measurements can be used to determine stationary randomness for random sequences. This chapter proposes a testing scheme for random sequences using information entropy as measurements. Datasets are collected from University of Science & Technology of China (USTC), three quantum random sequences are selected for testing. Multiple results are created on three maps, entropy curves, and quantitative measurements of stationary randomness are compared. Three differences of Max-Min entropy variation ratios are bounded in $$[0.08,0.09]\%$$

[
0.08
,
0.09
]
%

region. The whole structure has measurable stationary properties.
Visual Maps of Variant Combinations on Random Sequences
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey , Wan Jie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRandom sequences play the key role in network security applications. Randomness testing schemes are very important to ensure the randomness qualities for relevant sequences. This chapter proposes a visual scheme based on variant construction to measure sequences to intuitively show some combinatorial properties of key stream generated by stream ciphers. Basic models are described. This scheme provides a flexible framework for the variant measure method on the key stream of stream ciphers to describe randomness in various combinatorial maps.
Variant Map System to Simulate Complex Properties of DNA Interactions Using Binary Sequences
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey , Zhang Weiqiong , Luo Jin , Zhou Wei , Shen Ruoyu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStream cipher, DNA cryptography and DNA analysis are the most important R&D fields in both Cryptography and Bioinformatics. HC-256 is an emerged scheme as the new generation of stream ciphers for advanced network security. From a random sequencing viewpoint, both sequences of HC-256 and real DNA data may have intrinsic pseudo-random properties respectively. In a recent decade, many DNA sequencing projects are developed on cells, plants and animals over the world into huge DNA databases. Researchers notice that mammalian genomes encode thousands of large noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), interact with chromatin regulatory complexes, and are thought to play a role in localizing these complexes to target loci across the genome. It is a challenge target using higher dimensional visualization tools to organize various complex interactive properties as visual maps. The Variant Map System VMS as an emerging scheme is systematically proposed in this chapter to apply multiple maps that uses four Meta symbols as same as DNA or RNA representations. System architecture of key components and core mechanism on the VMS are described. Key modules, equations and their I/O parameters are discussed. Applying the VM System, two sets of real DNA sequences from both sample human (noncoding DNA) and corn (coding DNA) genomes are collected in comparison with pseudo DNA sequences generated by HC-256 to show their intrinsic properties in higher levels of similar relationships among relevant DNA sequences on 2D maps. Sample 2D maps are listed and their characteristics are illustrated under controllable environment. Visual results are briefly analyzed to explore their intrinsic properties on selected genome sequences.
Whole DNA Sequences of Cebus capucinus on Variant Maps
Authors: Mao Yuyuan , Zheng Jeffrey , Liu Wenjia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDNA sequences as a big data stream have been researched for years. However, researches on whole DNA sequences have various limitations to use existing research methods. A new scheme is proposed to map whole DNA sequences as 2D maps in this chapter, the whole DNA sequence of Capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus) in apes was used as an example to demonstrate the mapping results.
Elementary Equations of Variant Measurement
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFour variant measures are used to represent combinatorial functions including binomial coefficients. These variant measures are based on two types of m-bit vectors. Type A corresponds to non-periodic boundary conditions, while Type B corresponds to periodic boundary conditions. For each type, groups containing the four variant measures are formed, which are invariant against permutative and associative operations. By mapping two group elements of Type B on coefficients of binomial decompositions, patterns similar to Pascal’s triangle are observed.
Triangular Numbers and Their Inherent Properties
Authors: Zheng Chris , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA method to classify one-dimensional binary sequences using three parameters intrinsic to the sequence itself is introduced. The classification scheme creates combinatorial patterns that can be arranged in a two-dimensional triangular structure. Projections of this structure contain interesting properties related to the Pascal triangle numbers. The arrangement of numbers within the triangular structure has been named “triangular numbers”, and the essential parameters, elementary equation, and sequencing schemes are discussed as well as visualizations of sample distributions, special cases, and search results. We believe this to be a novel finding as sequences generated using this method are not contained in the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences or OEIS.
Variant Maps of Elementary Equations
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUsing four measures in Type B, there are 11 invariant expressions to form elementary equations of variant measurement. In this chapter, two invariant expressions are selected to illustrate sample procedures from elementary equations to relevant variant maps. Using various projections and multiple levels of representations, complicated binomial coefficients and their variations are illustrated under various conditions. Using multinomial coefficients, multiple viewpoints are used for references. Due to this type of variation framework contains rich structures, further explorations are required from multiple levels on both theoretical foundation and practical applications.
Genetische Nierensteinerkrankungen
Authors: Weigert Alexander , Beck Bodo B. , Hoppe Bernd 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Inzidenz und Prävalenz von Steinerkrankungen haben in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Es ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, möglichst frühzeitig eine richtige Diagnose der zugrunde liegenden Erkrankung zu stellen, um die richtige Therapie einzuleiten und damit möglicherweise schwerwiegende Folgen, wie terminales Nierenversagen, zu verhindern. Bei Kindern lassen sich in ca. 75 % der Fälle genetische oder anatomische Ursachen identifizieren. Die verschiedenen zugrunde liegenden Erkrankungen für die jeweiligen lithogenen Risikofaktoren werden hier präsentiert und die entsprechenden Therapieoptionen, sofern vorhanden, erläutert.
Pathway and workspace study of Endonasal Endoscopic Transsphenoidal (EET) approach in 80 cadavers
Authors: Chumnanvej Sorayouth , Chalongwongse Suwiphat , Pillai Branesh M. , Suthakorn Jackrit 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Background:
The Endonasal Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery (EETS) is used to remove the sellar lesion. Because of the unique location of the lesion, a subtle deviation of tools may result in severe complications. The better coordination between workspace and working environment is vital. The aim of this study is to determine the pathways and workspace utilized in EETS. In addition, this result will be used to develop the robotic assisted technology model further.

Methods:
Pathway and workspace details were studied in 80 soft cadavers and dissections were performed in a stepwise manner to simulate EETS. The optical tracking system was used to collect data. MATLAB programming was applied to analyze workspace and pathway. The descriptive data analysis was presented as percentage, mean, and standard deviation.

Results:
The amplitude of P2S vectors or the length of the EETS workspace was around 70–75 mm. EETS workspace was found to be a cylindrical shape, narrow diameter in the middle with an average volume of 15.97 cm3, the average length of 53.9 mm and average widest width of 19.08 mm.

Conclusion:
This study presents characteristics of EETS pathway and workspace. Detailed knowledge of the EETS pathway and workspace will facilitate understanding for further robotic research.

Highlights:
THE RIGHT SIDE OF HISTORY AND HIGHER-ORDER EVIDENCE
Authors: Green Adam 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAppeals to “being on the right side of history” or accusations of being on the wrong side of history are increasingly common on social media, in the media proper, and in the rhetoric of politics. One might well wonder, though, what the value is of invoking history in this manner. Is declaring who is on what side of history merely dramatic shorthand for one's being right and one's opponents wrong? Or is there something more to it than that? In this paper, I argue that an appeal to being on the right side of history is best construed as an invocation of higher-order evidence. I do not deny that there are purely rhetorical, non-evidential uses of the right and wrong side of history, but the phrase can be construed in a more substantive manner. I use work on virtual epistemic elections to model these appeals to history. Zeroing in on the kind of higher-order evidence invoked helps us clarify the criterion for better or worse, more or less convincing appeals to it.
How to Build and Wield Business Power: The Political Economy of Pension Regulation in Chile, 1990–2018
Authors: Bril-Mascarenhas Tomás , Maillet Antoine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhat explains the remarkable resilience of pension regulation in postauthoritarian Chile, even after decades of majoritarian voter discontent and growing international and domestic criticism of Pinochet’s pioneering private capitalization system? This puzzling outcome can be understood only by looking at the combined effect of the pension industry’s long-term power-building investments and its short-term political actions to outmaneuver state and societal challengers. Engaging new theoretical developments in political economy and historical institutionalism, this study examines the long-term process by which the previously nonexistent Chilean pension industry expanded and leveraged its power during key episodes of open contestation. The analysis of pension regulation in Chile between the 1980s and the 2010s illustrates the importance of placing business power in time, motivating new rounds of theory building in the quest to address the perennial question of how business gets what it wants in the political arena.
Wheat gluten intake increases the severity of experimental colitis and bacterial translocation by weakening of the proteins of the junctional complex
Authors: Menta Penélope L. R. , Andrade Maria E. R. , Leocádio Paola C. L. , Fraga Júlia R. , Dias Melissa T. S. , Cara Denise C. , Cardoso Valbert N. , Borges Luciano F. , Capettini Luciano S. A. , Aguilar Edenil C. , Alvarez-Leite Jacqueline I. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGluten is only partially digested by intestinal enzymes and can generate peptides that can alter intestinal permeability, facilitating bacterial translocation, thus affecting the immune system. Few studies addressed the role of diet with gluten in the development of colitis. Therefore, we investigate the effects of wheat gluten-containing diet on the evolution of sodium dextran sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Mice were fed a standard diet without (colitis group) or with 4·5 % wheat gluten (colitis + gluten) for 15 d and received DSS solution (1·5 %, w/v) instead of water during the last 7 d. Compared with the colitis group, colitis + gluten mice presented a worse clinical score, a larger extension of colonic injury area, and increased mucosal inflammation. Both intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation were increased, propitiating bacteria migration for peripheral organs. The mechanism by which diet with gluten exacerbates colitis appears to be related to changes in protein production and organisation in adhesion junctions and desmosomes. The proteinα-E-catenin was especially reduced in mice fed gluten, which compromised the localisation of E-cadherin andβ-catenin proteins, weakening the structure of desmosomes. The epithelial damage caused by gluten included shortening of microvilli, a high number of digestive vacuoles, and changes in the endosome/lysosome system. In conclusion, our results show that wheat gluten-containing diet exacerbates the mucosal damage caused by colitis, reducing intestinal barrier function and increasing bacterial translocation. These effects are related to the induction of weakness and disorganisation of adhesion junctions and desmosomes as well as shortening of microvilli and modification of the endocytic vesicle route.
Value Pluralism, Constitutionalism, and Democracy: Waldron and Berlin in Debate
Authors: Crowder George 
Published: December 2018

AbstractJeremy Waldron claims that Isaiah Berlin wrongly neglects, and is hostile to, constitutional and democratic institutions. I argue that although Berlin offers no extended discussion of constitutionalism or democracy, he is not hostile to them. Moreover, the logic of Berlin's value pluralism is strongly supportive of these ideas—for example, it fits well with constitutionalist notions such as the separation of powers and checks and balances. On the other hand, Waldron's rejection of judicial review on the ground of democracy is questionable in these same pluralist terms. Here I argue that Berlinian pluralism supports democracy as long as this is inclusive in its outcomes. But contemporary democracy cannot be relied upon to be sufficiently inclusive, in part because of the effects of the war on terror and the rise of populism. Under these conditions it is unwise for pluralists to dispense with judicial review.
Truth, Good and Beauty: The Politics of Celebrity in China
Authors: Sullivan Jonathan , Kehoe Séagh 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA visit to a Chinese city of any size – looking up at downtown billboards, riding public transport, shopping at a mall – is to be in the presence of a Chinese celebrity endorsing a product, lifestyle or other symbols of “the good life.” Celebrity in China is big business, feeding off and nourishing the advertising-led business model that underpins the commercialized media system and internet. It is also a powerful instrument in the party-state's discursive and symbolic repertoire, used to promote regime goals and solidify new governmentalities through signalling accepted modes of behaviour for mass emulation. The multi-dimensional celebrity persona, and the public interest it stimulates in off-stage lives, requires an academic focus on the workings of celebrity separate to the products that celebrities create in their professional roles. The potential to connect with large numbers of ordinary people, and the emergence of an informal celebrity-making scene in cyberspace symptomatic of changing attitudes towards fame among Chinese people, marks the special status of celebrity within China's constrained socio-political ecology. The motivation for this article is to further scholarly understanding of how celebrity operates in China and to bring this expression of popular culture into the broader conversation about contemporary Chinese politics and society.
Father-child play, child emotional dysregulation, and adolescent internalizing symptoms: A longitudinal multiple mediation analysis
Authors: Gregory Jenifer , Kivisto Katherine Little , Perdue Neil H. , Estell David B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEmerging literature suggests fathers may contribute uniquely to child development and emotional health through play. In the present study, a multiple mediational model was analyzed using data from 476 families that participated in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. After accounting for infant–mother attachment, infant temperament, and family income and stability, a significant indirect effect from father–child play quality to adolescent internalizing symptoms was found through father-reported child emotional dysregulation, B = –.05, 95% confidence interval; CI [–.14, –.01]. Specifically, in first grade, dyads where fathers were rated highly on sensitivity and stimulation during play, and children demonstrated high felt security and affective mutuality during play, had children with fewer father-reported emotional dysregulation problems in third grade, B = –.23, 95% CI [–.39, –.06]. Children with fewer emotional dysregulation problems had lower self-reported internalizing symptoms at age 15, B = .23, 95% CI [.01, .45]. Mothers’ ratings of children's emotional dysregulation were not a significant mediator. Results are discussed regarding the importance of father–child play for children's adjustment as well as the usefulness of inclusion of fathers in child developmental research.
Trajectories of mother-child and father-child relationships across middle childhood and associations with depressive symptoms
Authors: Yan Jia , Schoppe-Sullivan Sarah J. , Feng Xin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUsing a family systems perspective, we examined the trajectories of father-child and mother-child closeness and conflict across Grades 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and their associations with child depressive symptoms across middle childhood among 685 families in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD). Father-child and mother-child relationship conflict increased, whereas relationship closeness decreased from Grades 1 to 6. Girls with more slowly increasing father-child conflict, and more slowly decreasing father-child closeness, were at lower risk for depressive symptoms. Boys with more slowly increasing mother-child conflict were at lower risk for depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the important roles of both father-child and mother-child relationships in children's emotional adjustment during middle childhood.
Exploring How Eruption Source Parameters Affect Volcanic Radiative Forcing Using Statistical Emulation
Authors: Marshall Lauren , Johnson Jill S. , Mann Graham W. , Lee Lindsay , Dhomse Sandip S. , Regayre Leighton , Yoshioka Masaru , Carslaw Ken S. , Schmidt Anja 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe radiative forcing caused by a volcanic eruption is dependent on several eruption source parameters such as the mass of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted, the eruption column height, and the eruption latitude. General circulation models with prognostic aerosol and chemistry schemes can be used to investigate how each parameter influences the volcanic forcing. However, the range of multidimensional parameter space that can be explored is restricted because such simulations are computationally expensive. Here we use statistical emulation to explore the radiative impact of eruptions over a wide covarying range of SO2 emission magnitudes, injection heights, and eruption latitudes based on only 30 simulations. We use the emulators to build response surfaces to visualize and predict the sulfate aerosol e‐folding decay time, the stratospheric aerosol optical depth, and net radiative forcing of thousands of different eruptions. We find that the volcanic stratospheric aerosol optical depth and net radiative forcing are primarily determined by the mass of SO2 emitted, but eruption latitude is the most important parameter in determining the sulfate aerosol e‐folding decay time. The response surfaces reveal joint effects of the eruption source parameters in influencing the net radiative forcing, such as a stronger influence of injection height for tropical eruptions than high‐latitude eruptions. We also demonstrate how the emulated response surfaces can be used to find all combinations of eruption source parameters that produce a particular volcanic response, often revealing multiple solutions.
Electrification in Mesoscale Updrafts of Deep Stratiform and Anvil Clouds in Florida
Authors: Dye James E. , Bansemer Aaron 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAirborne observations in deep stratiform and anvil clouds showed extensive layers of 10‐ to 40‐kV/m electric fields colocated with highly stratified uniform radar reflectivity of 20 to 25 dBZ from 5‐ to 9‐km altitude. Size distributions with numerous small‐ and intermediate‐sized ice crystals (mostly aggregates) and large aggregates were observed in these regions. We infer that the uniform electric field, radar reflectivity, and broad particle size distributions were the result of mesoscale updrafts, confirmed by high‐resolution images of particles showing diffusional growth and no riming. No measurable supercooled liquid water was found in these regions from −10 to −45 °C. Calculated particle collision rates from observed distributions were >5 × 103 collisions per cubic meter per second in this volume. Laboratory results show that weak charge separation occurs when ice particles collide and separate even in the absence of supercooled water. We infer that charge separation occurred in the mesoscale updrafts via a noninductive mechanism in which ice particles growing by diffusion collide and transfer charge without supercooled water being present. These regions with strong, uniform fields, stratified radar reflectivity, and broad size distributions also occurred in anvils that barely reached the melting zone. Thus, we deduce that the nonriming collisional mechanism acts at middle to upper cloud levels and is not dependent upon electrification occurring near the melting zone. This mechanism should produce two oppositely charged layers of charge with the top layer residing on smaller particles often existing near the top of the cloud.
Major Issues in Simulating Some Arctic Snowpack Properties Using Current Detailed Snow Physics Models: Consequences for the Thermal Regime and Water Budget of Permafrost
Authors: Domine Florent , Picard Ghislain , Morin Samuel , Barrere Mathieu , Madore Jean‐Benoît , Langlois Alexandre 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAccurately simulating the physical properties of Arctic snowpacks is essential for modeling the surface energy budget and the permafrost thermal regime. We show that the detailed snow physics models Crocus and SNOWPACK cannot simulate critical snow physical variables. Both models simulate basal layers with high density and high thermal conductivity, and top layers with low values for both variables, while field measurements yield opposite results. We explore the impact of an inverted snow stratigraphy on the permafrost thermal regime at a high Arctic site using a simplified heat transfer model and idealized snowpacks with three layers. One snowpack has a typical Arctic stratification with a low‐density insulating basal layer, while the other (called Alpine‐type snowpack) has a dense conducting basal layer. Snowpack stratification impacts simulated ground temperatures at 5 cm depth by less than 0.3 °C. Heat conduction through layered snowpacks is therefore determined by thermal insulance rather than by stratification. Ground dehydration caused by upward water vapor diffusion is 4 times greater under Arctic stratification, leading to a larger latent heat loss, but also to a lower soil thermal conductivity caused by ice loss, so that the overall effect of dehydration on ground temperature is uncertain. Snowpack stratification is found to affect snow surface temperature by up to 4 °C. Lastly, different snow metamorphism rates lead to a lower Alpine snowpack albedo, contributing to a warmer ground. Quantifying all these effects is needed for adequately simulating permafrost temperature. This requires the development of a snow and soil model that describes water vapor fluxes.