bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing evidence-based mental health practices in schools: Feasibility of a coaching strategy
Authors: Koschmann Elizabeth , Abelson James L. , Kilbourne Amy M. , Smith Shawna N. , Fitzgerald Kate , Pasternak Anna 
Published: July 2019

PurposeMood and anxiety disorders affect 20–30 percent of school-age children, contributing to academic failure, substance abuse, and adult psychopathology, with immense social and economic impact. These disorders are treatable, but only a fraction of students in need have access to evidence-based treatment practices (EBPs). Access could be substantially increased if school professionals were trained to identify students at risk and deliver EBPs in the context of school-based support services. However, current training for school professionals is largely ineffective because it lacks follow-up supported practice, an essential element for producing lasting behavioral change. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this pilot feasibility study, the authors explored whether a coaching-based implementation strategy could be used to integrate common elements of evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) into schools. The strategy incorporated didactic training in CBT for school professionals followed by coaching from an expert during co-facilitation of CBT groups offered to students.FindingsIn total, 17 school professionals in nine high schools with significant cultural and socioe-conomic diversity participated, serving 105 students. School professionals were assessed for changes in confidence in CBT delivery, frequency of generalized use of CBT skills and attitudes about the utility of CBT for the school setting. Students were assessed for symptom improvement. The school professionals showed increased confidence in, utilization of, and attitudes toward CBT. Student participants showed significant reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms pre- to post-group.Originality/valueThese findings support the feasibility and potential impact of a coaching-based implementation strategy for school settings, as well as student symptom improvement associated with receipt of school-delivered CBT.
Time-varying herding behavior within the Eurozone stock markets during crisis periods
Authors: Stavroyiannis Stavros , Babalos Vassilios 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Motivated by the ongoing debate on the existence and magnitude of herding in financial markets, the purpose of this paper is to examine Eurozone stock markets for herding behavior. In the context of the present study, the authors seek for herding behavior of stock markets as a whole as opposed to previous studies that examine herding on stock level.

Design/methodology/approach
To this end, the authors employ data on benchmark stock market indices for a long sample starting from 2000 through 2016. The testing procedure entails the standard Capital Asset Pricing Model-based procedure along with an advanced econometric method allowing the coefficients of the model to vary over time.

Findings
Results provide evidence in favor of negative herding behavior (anti-herding) for the Eurozone as a whole with noteworthy transitions. Further analysis reveals that stock markets of the periphery exhibit scarce evidence of herding, whereas continental countries are mainly characterized by negative herding behavior.

Originality/value
The present study’s main contribution is twofold. First, herding is examined not in sector or stock level as previous studies but at market level. Second, the testing methodology entails a pure time-varying regression model with stochastic volatility proposed by Nakajima (2011) that has not been previously employed in stock market herding. The results entail significant implications for investors seeking for diversification across Eurozone stock markets.
The correlated evolution of social competence and social cognition
Authors: Varela Susana A. M. , Teles Magda C. , Oliveira Rui F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Knowing which of correlated traits are more strongly targeted by selection is crucial to understand the evolutionary process. For example, it could help in understanding how behavioural and cognitive adaptations to social living have evolved.

Social competence is the ability of animals to optimize their social behaviours according to the demands of their social environment. It is a behavioural performance trait that expresses how well a whole organism performs complex social tasks, such as choosing mates, raising offspring, participating in dominance hierarchies, solving conflicts or forming social bonds. Non‐social competence, on the other hand, is the ability of animals to optimize their non‐social behaviours according to the demands of their non‐social environment, such as finding food or avoiding predators.

Social and non‐social cognition are correlated lower‐level traits of social and non‐social competence, respectively, encompassing the underlying psychological and neural mechanisms of behaviour that allow animals to acquire, encode, store and recall information about their social and non‐social environments.

Here, we employ the theoretical framework that selection acts on performance traits first and on lower‐level traits only secondarily, to propose a new approach to the study of the evolution of social cognition.

We hypothesize that when selection favours social competence, the cognitive system becomes more adapted to the social domain, making species biased for social information, and increasing their degree of sociality. The opposite can happen when selection favours non‐social competence.

The level of specialization that the cognitive system can attain depends on whether social and non‐social competence are correlated with the same cognitive lower‐level traits. This in turn will determine whether species will evolve a type of social cognition that is general—that contributes with cognitive abilities that can be used in both social and non‐social environments—or modular—that contributes with cognitive abilities that are specific to the social environment.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Enhancing intern emergency medicine education using a combined didactic and web‐based learning curriculum: The EDGE programme
Authors: Windish Ryan , Stuart Peter , de la Cruz Raymund , Murray Alistair 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of an education programme that integrates web‐based learning into classroom sessions.MethodsThis prospective study involved a convenience sample of ED interns rotating at two study site hospitals between April 2015 and January 2017. Interns undertook weekly ED classroom‐based education and were given access to a web‐based learning resource with completion being voluntary. To assess change in medical knowledge multiple choice examinations were administered during week 1 and week 10 of the term. The study's primary end‐point was the effect of the web‐based resource on participants' knowledge. The median % of online modules completed by participants (75%) was used as a cut‐off to create two groups. The % improvement between the test scores at week 1 and week 10 of each group were then compared. Intern satisfaction with the programme was also assessed using a satisfaction survey.ResultsThe average examination score for all participants was significantly higher at week 10 than week 1 (80% vs 68%; P < 0.001). The primary end‐point, % improvement between the week 1 and week 10 scores of those that completed ≤75% of web‐based modules (mean 16%; 95% CI 12–20%) and those that completed >75% of web‐based modules (mean 27%; 95% CI 20–34%), showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.03). Interns surveyed were also highly satisfied with programme.ConclusionsThis blended curriculum that integrates a web‐based resource into classroom learning shows promise in enhancing intern emergency medicine education.
A 24‐Week Anemia Correction Study of Daprodustat in Japanese Dialysis Patients
Authors: Tsubakihara Yoshiharu , Akizawa Tadao , Nangaku Masaomi , Onoue Tomohiro , Yonekawa Taeko , Matsushita Hideki , Endo Yukihiro , Cobitz Alexander 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDaprodustat is an oral hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor developed for treating anemia of chronic kidney disease. This 24‐week, phase 3, open‐label study (NCT02829320) evaluated whether daprodustat could achieve and maintain target hemoglobin levels in Japanese hemodialysis patients with anemia not receiving an erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent. Twenty‐eight patients received daprodustat 4 mg once daily for 4 weeks, after which doses were adjusted to achieve a hemoglobin target of 10.0 to 12.0 g/dL (inclusive). Baseline mean hemoglobin was 9.10 g/dL and mean change from baseline at 4 weeks was 0.79 g/dL (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.05). Mean hemoglobin levels reached the target range by week 8 and were maintained within this range through week 24. Daprodustat 4 mg once daily increased hemoglobin over the first 4 weeks. Throughout the 24‐week study, daprodustat achieved and maintained hemoglobin within the target range and no new safety concerns were identified in hemodialysis patients not receiving erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents.
Changes in Hydrology of the Ganges Delta of Bangladesh and Corresponding Impacts on Water Resources
Authors: Murshed Sonia Binte , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Kaluarachchi Jagath J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Ganges Delta in Bangladesh is an example of water‐related catastrophes in a major rural river basin where limitations in quantity, quality, and timing of available water are producing disastrous conditions. Water availability limitations are modifying the hydrologic characteristics especially when water allocation is controlled from the upstream Farakka Barrage. This study presents the changes and consequences in the hydrologic regime due to climate‐ and human‐induced stresses. Flow duration curves (FDCs), rainfall elasticity, and temperature sensitivity were used to assess the pre‐ and post‐barrage water flow patterns. Hydrologic and climate indices were computed to provide insight on hydro‐climatic variability and trend. Significant increases in temperature, evapotranspiration, hot days, heating, and cooling degree days indicate the region is heading toward a warmer climate. Moreover, increase in high‐intensity rainfall of short duration is making the region prone to extreme floods. FDCs depict a large reduction in river flows between pre‐ and post‐barrage periods, resulting in lower water storage capacity. The reduction in freshwater flow increased the extent and intensity of salinity intrusion. This freshwater scarcity is reducing livelihood options considerably and indirectly forcing population migration from the delta region. Understanding the causes and directions of hydrologic changes is essential to formulate improve water resources management in the region.
Ultrasound power Doppler and gray scale joint inflammation: What they reveal in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tan York Kiat , Li HuiHua , Allen John Carson , Thumboo Julian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimPower Doppler (PD) and gray scale (GS) imaging are commonly employed during ultrasonography in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While PD vascularity is often regarded as an ultrasound feature of more active joint inflammation, the true clinical significance of GS joint inflammation is less understood. We aimed to gain further insight into ultrasound PD and GS joint inflammation by studying their association with Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) (a disease activity measure) and ultrasound‐detected bone erosion (a structural damage measure).MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, ultrasound PD and GS joint inflammation were graded 0‐3 (semi‐quantitatively) and bone erosion was graded as yes = 1/no = 0 at each joint recess. Linear regression and Pearson correlation were used to characterize relationships and assess correlation of PD and GS scores with DAS28 and ultrasound erosion scores.ResultsOne thousand and eighty joints and 1800 joint recesses from 36 peripheral joint sites (bilateral metacarpophalangeal joints, thumb interphalangeal joints, proximal interphalangeal joints, metatarsophalangeal joints, elbow, wrist and ankle) were scanned in 30 adult RA patients. PD scores correlated with DAS28 (r = 0.46, P = 0.0104) but not with ultrasound erosion scores; GS scores correlated with ultrasound erosion (r = 0.64, P = 0.0001) but not with DAS28 scores. Simple linear regression revealed PD as predictive of DAS28 (P = 0.0104) and GS as predictive of ultrasound‐detected bone erosion (P = 0.0001).ConclusionUltrasound PD joint inflammation is associated with disease activity and is correlated with DAS28. In contrast, GS joint inflammation is associated with structural damage and is correlated with ultrasound‐detected bone erosion.
Psychostimulant use disorder and the heart
Authors: Duflou Johan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPsychostimulants are a diverse range of substances that encompass cocaine and the phenylethylamines, the latter including the amphetamines, cathinones and some ‘novel psychoactive substances’. This paper examines the range of pathophysiological processes, clinical presentations and treatment options involving the heart and cardiovascular system both in the acute setting and where long‐term effects of psychostimulant use have affected the cardiovascular system. A common feature of these drugs is their effect on the cardiovascular system, where their major action is that of sympathomimetic amines with short‐ and long‐term stimulation of the adrenergic system and consequent effects on blood pressure, cardiac modelling, atherogenesis and cellular calcium signalling. Cocaine additionally exhibits a variety of prothrombotic effects, effects on inflammatory mediators and alterations in myocardial gene expression. Persistent psychostimulant use results in progressive cardiovascular pathology, largely in the form of accelerated atherosclerosis, hypertension and myocardial ischaemia. Abstinence results in at least partial reversal of pathology. To a large extent, an assumption is made that treatment protocols used for cocaine‐associated cardiovascular pathology apply to the amphetamines and other phenylethylamines, but there appears to be little research in this area, despite acknowledgement that cocaine and the better‐known amphetamines have different modes of action.
Multicenter, phase III trials on the contraceptive efficacy, tolerability and safety of a new drospirenone‐only pill
Authors: Palacios Santiago , Colli Enrico , Regidor Pedro‐Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionApproximately 100 million women currently use combined oral contraceptives. Combined oral contraceptives use is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolic events and cardiovascular disease. Progestin‐only pills do not increase the risk of venous thromboembolic events, stroke and myocardial infarction but are associated with a poor cycle control. A novel estrogen‐free pill containing only drospirenone (DRSP) was developed to improve bleeding pattern, tolerability and acceptance without increasing venous thromboembolic events risks in contraception.Material and methodsTwo prospective, multicenter Phase III studies in healthy women aged 18‐45 years were performed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of a drospirenone‐only pill in a regimen of 24 days of 4 mg of drospirenone tablets followed by 4 days of placebo. A total of 1571 women (14 329 exposure cycles) were analyzed: 713 patients in the 13‐cycle study 1 with 7638 exposure cycles and 858 patients in the 9‐cycle study 2 with 6691 exposure cycles. The primary endpoint was the overall Pearl index, calculated for each study separately, and for both pooled. As main secondary efficacy endpoint, the “method failure Pearl index” including all pregnancies during “perfect medication cycles” was evaluated. EudraCT registration numbers: 2010‐021787‐15 & 2011‐002396‐42.ResultsCalculations on pooled studies 1 and 2 with 1571 patients gave an overall Pearl index (based on 14 329 cycles) of 0.7258 (95% CI 0.3133 to 1.4301). No single case of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and only one case of hyperkalemia were reported. Additional information such as laboratory parameters, body mass index, bodyweight, heart rate and blood pressure showed no statistically significant changes due to the treatment.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a new drospirenone‐only oral contraceptive providing clinical efficacy similar to combined oral contraceptives, with a good safety profile, and favorable cycle control.
Optimising the number of cores for magnetic resonance imaging‐guided targeted and systematic transperineal prostate biopsy
Authors: Hansen Nienke L. , Barrett Tristan , Lloyd Thomas , Warren Anne , Samel Christina , Bratt Ola , Kastner Christof 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo assess cancer detection rates of different target‐dependent transperineal magnetic resonance (MR)/ultrasonography (US) fusion‐guided biopsy templates with reduced number of systematic cores.Patients and MethodsSingle‐centre outcome of transperineal MR/US fusion‐guided biopsies of 487 men with a single target MR imaging (MRI) lesion, prospectively collected between 2012 and 2016. All men underwent transperineal targeted biopsy (TB) with two cores, followed by 18–24 systematic sector biopsies (SB) using the Ginsburg protocol. Gleason score ≥7 prostate cancer detection rates for two‐core TB, four‐core extended TB (eTB), 10‐ to 20‐core saturation TB (sTB) including cores from sectors adjacent to the target, and 14 core ipsilateral TB (iTB) were compared to combined TB+SB.ResultsCancer was detected in 345 men and Gleason score 7–10 cancer in 211 men. TB alone detected 67%, eTB 76%, sTB 91% and iTB 91% of these Gleason score 7–10 cancers. In the subgroup of 33 men (7% of cohort) with an anterior >0.5 mL highly suspicious MRI lesion and a prostate volume ≤45 mL, four‐core eTB detected 31 of 32 cancers (97%) and all 26 Gleason score 7–10 cancers.ConclusionsTB detected Gleason score 7–10 cancer in 25% more of the men than a two‐core TB approach, and in almost as many men (91%) as the 20–26‐core combined TB+SB, while needing only 10–20 cores. A four‐core extended TB may suffice for large, highly suspicious anterior lesions in small or slightly enlarged prostates.
Surgical repair of traumatic cloaca: a modified technique
Authors: Zhou X. , Chen W. , Lin J. , Xu J. , Zheng S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimA modified repair technique for traumatic cloaca caused by obstetric anal sphincter injury was evaluated, and its feasibility and functional outcome were investigated.MethodsA retrospective review of 23 consecutively enrolled patients diagnosed with traumatic cloaca who underwent the modified repair technique between September 2010 and August 2018 was performed. Demographic, clinical feature, operative and follow‐up data were recorded.ResultsThe patients diagnosed with traumatic cloaca who underwent surgical repair after obstetric anal sphincter injury had a median time from obstetric injury of 24 (12–35) years. The median preoperative Wexner faecal incontinence score was 16 (14–17). The postoperative hospital stay was 6 (6–7) days. The median postoperative Wexner faecal incontinence score decreased to 2 (2–3). The anal resting pressure increased from 9.00 (5.25–11.50) mmHg to 56.00 (55.00–65.75) mmHg (P < 0.01) and the anal squeeze pressure increased from 29.00 (22.50–33.20) mmHg to 110.00 (96.20–121.50) mmHg (P < 0.01) at 2 months after the repair. Sixteen patients completed the Faecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale questionnaire, and there were significant improvements 1 year after surgical repair in lifestyle (3.10 [2.60–3.70] vs 2.60 [1.90–3.00], P < 0.01), coping/behaviour (3.38 [2.57–3.44] vs 2.33 [1.89–3.00], P < 0.01), depression/self‐perception (3.11 [2.27–3.44] vs 2.33 [1.89–3.00], P < 0.01) and embarrassment (3.33 [2.75–3.67] vs 2.33 [2.33–3.00], P < 0.01). No patient presented rectovaginal fistula postoperatively within the median follow‐up period of 24 (12–48) months.ConclusionsThe modified repair technique for traumatic cloaca is feasible and achieves good functional outcomes and improved life quality.
2‐deoxy D‐glucose treatment does not elicit a hair growth response in alopecia areata
Authors: Sundberg John P. , Silva Kathleen A. , Kennedy Victoria E. , Wilson John J. , Gott Nicholas E. , Sundberg Beth A. , Roopenian Derry C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract2‐deoxy D‐glucose (2DG) was tested for efficacy in treating alopecia areata using the C3H/HeJ skin graft model. 2DG has proven to be efficacious in treatment of various mouse models of autoimmunity with minimal serious side effects noted. This agent has been shown to normalize abnormally activated T‐cell populations while also preventing cell surface expression of NKG2D; key factors defining alopecia areata disease progression. Daily oral ingestion of 2DG via drinking water to mice with patchy or diffuse alopecia areata for 16 weeks failed to prevent expansion of alopecia or cause regrowth of hair in treated mice. Histologically, there were no differences between treated and control groups. These results indicate that, while 2DG is effective for some autoimmune diseases, it was not efficacious for the cell‐mediated autoimmune mouse disease, alopecia areata.
Vitamin D differentially regulates colon stem cells in patient‐derived normal and tumor organoids
Authors: Fernández‐Barral Asunción , Costales‐Carrera Alba , Buira Sandra P. , Jung Peter , Ferrer‐Mayorga Gemma , Larriba María Jesús , Bustamante‐Madrid Pilar , Domínguez Orlando , Real Francisco X. , Guerra‐Pastrián Laura , Lafarga Miguel , García‐Olmo Damián , Cantero Ramón , Del Peso Luis , Batlle Eduard , Rojo Federico , Muñoz Alberto , Barbáchano Antonio 
Published: July 2019

Intestine is a major target of vitamin D and several studies indicate an association between vitamin D deficiency and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but also increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and mortality. However, the putative effects of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), the active vitamin D metabolite, on human colonic stem cells are unknown. Here we show by immunohistochemistry and RNAscope in situ hybridization that vitamin D receptor (VDR) is unexpectedly expressed in LGR5+ colon stem cells in human tissue and in normal and tumor organoid cultures generated from patient biopsies. Interestingly, normal and tumor organoids respond differentially to calcitriol with profound and contrasting changes in their transcriptomic profiles. In normal organoids, calcitriol upregulates stemness‐related genes, such as LGR5, SMOC2, LRIG1, MSI1, PTK7, and MEX3A, and inhibits cell proliferation. In contrast, in tumor organoids calcitriol has little effect on stemness‐related genes while it induces a differentiated phenotype, and variably reduces cell proliferation. Concordantly, electron microscopy showed that calcitriol does not affect the blastic undifferentiated cell phenotype in normal organoids but it induces a series of differentiated features in tumor organoids. Our results constitute the first demonstration of a regulatory role of vitamin D on human colon stem cells, indicating a homeostatic effect on colon epithelium with relevant implications in IBD and CRC.