bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Fluid as a Viable Substitute for Vitreous Fluid in Postmortem Chemistry Analysis
Authors: Butler Daniel C. , Schandl Cynthia , Hyer Madison , Erin Presnell Susan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVitreous fluid sampling for postmortem chemistry analysis is discouraged in pediatric forensic cases involving head trauma due to the risk of introducing retinal artifacts. Aqueous fluid is physically separated from the posterior chamber of the eye, and therefore, unlikely to produce vitreal artifact when sampled. Analysis of aqueous fluid is therefore proposed as a substitute for vitreous. Vitreous and aqueous fluid was sampled concurrently from 28 pediatric and 55 adult decedents, and sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr), and glucose (Glc) concentrations were compared. Significant correlation existed between all analytes regardless of age or postmortem interval, and linear regression equations were derived. Aqueous concentrations were generally higher than vitreous for Na, K, and Cr and were marginally lower for Cl, UN, and Glc. Assuming vitreous fluid as a standard for correlating postmortem chemistry to antemortem serum values, aqueous may be a viable substitute for vitreous when expected differences are considered.
The Difficulties in Assessing Wounds Created by .410 Bore Ammunition and Weapons
Authors: Hlavaty Leigh , Amley Jeffery , Root Kelly , Avedschmidt Sarah , Jaworski Andrea , Sung LokMan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhen interpreting firearm injuries, the distinction between gunshot wounds and shotgun wounds is important, and separation of these categories is typically straightforward. However, .410 bore firearms can make the classification difficult. Shotguns and revolvers that can fire the same .410 bore ammunition are readily available. This study investigates the soot and gunpowder deposits and pellet patterning of these two types of weapons using cartridges specially designed for .410 bore revolvers and standard birdshot pellet ammunition. For both ammunition types, the revolver had more prompt pellet dispersion and positive detection of gunpowder at greater distances compared to the shotgun. Additionally, .410 bore slugs are of similar caliber to many common bullets. In comparing the .410 bore slugs to equivalent bullets, some morphologic differences may be imparted on the skin by the slugs, but the greatest insight into the weapon remained with the retained projectiles.
Iron Infusion and Induced Hypophosphatemia: The Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor‐23
Authors: Coppolino Giuseppe , Nicotera Ramona , Cernaro Valeria , Calimeri Sebastiano , Leonardi Giuseppe , Cosentino Sonia , Comi Alessandro , Donato Cinzia , Lucia Citraro Maria , Provenzano Michele , Michael Ashour , Andreucci Michele 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe mechanism of action of fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF23) is becoming increasingly clearer as a result of studies that have defined its structure and pleiotropic effects. Furthermore, data are emerging on the effects exerted on this hormone by iron administration. Ten main iron formulations are recognized (with clear differences in composition and possible reactions of intolerance and anaphylaxis), which are indicated for iron deficiency anemia, including nephropathic subjects, as suggested by medical guidelines. With some types of iron formulation (especially iron carboxymaltose) a particular side effect has been observed: hypophosphatemia, mediated by FGF23. This review aims to draw attention to this correlation and the contradiction represented by the presence of both positive and negative modulation by FGF23, with the effects induced by its increase even after long‐term treatment with iron formulation. However, more evidence is needed to understand the reasons for this differential stimulation.
Determination of 10‐Hydroxy‐2‐Decenoic Acid of Royal Jelly Using Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics
Authors: Yang Xinhao , Li Yuanpeng , Wang Lei , Li Liqun , Guo Liu , Huang Furong , Zhao Hongxia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA rapid quantitative analysis model for determining the hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid (10‐HDA) content of royal jelly based on near‐infrared spectroscopy combining with PLS has been developed. Firstly, near‐infrared spectra of 232 royal jelly samples with different 10‐HDA concentrations (0.35% to 2.44%) were be collected. Second‐order derivative processing of the spectra was carried out to construct a full‐spectrum PLS model. Secondly, GA‐PLS, CARS‐PLS, and Si‐PLS were used to select characteristic wavelengths from the second‐order derivative spectrum to construct a PLS calibration model. Finally, 58 samples were used to select the best predictive model for 10‐HDA content. The result show that the PLS model constructed after wavelength selection was significantly more accurate than the full spectrum model. The Si‐PLS algorithm performed best and the corresponding characteristic wavelength range were: 980 to 1038, 1220 to 1278, 1340 to 1398, and 1688 to 1746 nm. The prediction results were RMSEP = 0.1496% and RP = 0.9380. Hence, it is feasible to employ near‐infrared spectra to analyze 10‐HDA in royal jelly.
Is the near‐infrared fluorescence imaging with intravenous indocyanine green method for identifying the intersegmental plane concordant with the modified inflation‐deflation method in lung segmentectomy?
Authors: Sun Yungang , Zhang Qiang , Wang Zhao , Shao Feng , Yang Rusong 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesAt present, the modified inflation‐deflation method is accepted and widely used in the clinic, but the near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging with intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) method can also delineate the intersegmental demarcation. However, whether the two methods identify that the intersegmental plane is concordant with each other and match the real intersegmental demarcation is still unknown.MethodsBetween March 2019 to July 2019, 19 consecutive segmentectomies were performed, using both methods to delineate the intersegmental plane, in order to evaluate and verify whether the intersegmental plane results created by the two methods were concordant and matched the real intersegmental demarcation.ResultsSegmentectomies were carried out using uniportal video‐assisted thoracic surgery (UVATS) successfully with no intraoperative conversions or ICG‐related complications and only three cases (15.8%) with postoperative complications related to the operation. The intersegmental plane generated by the NIR fluorescence imaging with intravenous ICG method was found to be totally concordant with the modified inflation‐deflation method that was approaching the real intersegmental demarcation in all 19 cases.ConclusionsBoth methods revealed the intersegmental plane clearly, and the NIR fluorescence imaging with intravenous ICG method was found to be totally concordant with the modified inflation‐deflation method, which is highly concordant with the real intersegmental demarcation. NIR fluorescence imaging with intravenous ICG method may be more popular because of its safety, efficiency, and less complicated restrictions, especially in patients with pulmonary emphysema. Low doses of ICG do not affect the rate of identification of the intersegmental plane and is safer from drug toxicology.
Cost‐effectiveness of population‐level proactive tobacco cessation outreach among socio‐economically disadvantaged smokers: evaluation of a randomized control trial
Authors: Thao Viengneesee , Nyman John A. , Nelson David B. , Joseph Anne M. , Clothier Barbara , Hammett Patrick J. , Fu Steven S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsTo estimate the cost‐effectiveness at population‐level of the OPT‐IN proactive tobacco cessation outreach program for adult smokers enrolled in publicly funded health insurance plans for low‐income persons (e.g. Medicaid).DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis using a state transition model based on data from the Offering Proactive Treatment Intervention (OPT‐IN) randomized control trial.SettingThe trial was conducted in Minnesota, USA, and the economic analysis was conducted from the Medicaid program perspective.ParticipantsData were used from 2406 smokers who were randomized into the intervention or comparator groups.Intervention and comparatorThe intervention was comprised of proactive outreach (mailed invitation and telephone calls) and free cessation treatment (nicotine replacement therapy and intensive telephone counseling). The comparator was usual care, which comprised access to a primary care physician, insurance coverage of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved smoking cessation medications and the state's telephone quitline.MeasurementsSmoking status, quality of life and health‐care use at varying times, including at baseline and 1 year.FindingsThe OPT‐IN program cost an average of $84 per participant greater than the comparator. One year after randomization, the population‐level, 6‐month prolonged smoking abstinence rate was 16.5% in the proactive outreach intervention group and 12.1% in the usual care group (P < 0.05). The model projected that the proactive outreach intervention added $78 in life‐time cost and generated 0.005 additional quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), with an expected incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $4231 per QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis found that the proactive outreach intervention would be cost‐effective against a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50 000/QALY approximately 68% of the time.ConclusionsPopulation‐level proactive tobacco treatment with personal telephone outreach was effective in achieving higher population‐level quit rates and was cost‐effective at various willingness‐to‐pay thresholds, compared with usual care (i.e. reactive treatment). Taken together with prior research, population‐level proactive tobacco cessation outreach programs are judged to be highly cost‐effective over the long term.
Patients’ views on dentists’ ability to manage medical crises – results of focus group research
Authors: Vaughan Matthew , Mahoney Greg , Sholapurkar Amar , Ray Robin A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAustralia faces an ageing population which is more medically complicated than in years past, and it is important that we meet public expectations of management of medical emergencies in the dental clinic. No research before has examined in depth the public perception of dentists’ medical emergency management.AimTo qualitatively assess the publics’ perception of medical emergencies in dentistry and their expectations of medical emergency management by dentists.MethodsTwelve members of the public associated with a university clinic participated in two focus groups of six persons, where semi‐structured discussions were carried out, audio recorded and transcribed, and subsequently underwent comprehensive thematic analysis.ResultsKey findings included a high expectation of dentists’ general medical knowledge, as well as potential concern regarding a lack of routine medical assessment prior to undertaking dental treatment.ConclusionsParticipants expected dentists to be highly proficient at managing medical crises and support the concept of medical emergency management certification for dentists.
Young children with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis can be treated safely and effectively with either topical tacrolimus or mild corticosteroids
Authors: Perälä Miia , Ahola Maria , Mikkola Tytti , Pelkonen Anna S. , Remitz Anita , Mäkelä Mika J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimWe collected evidence and safety data for topical tacrolimus in small children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and compared the usage with topical corticosteroid.MethodsThis was an interim analysis of 75 patients (55% female) at 1 year of an ongoing 3‐year randomised open‐label comparative follow‐up study of topical tacrolimus vs corticosteroid treatment. One‐ to three‐year‐old children with moderate‐to‐severe eczema referred to the Skin and Allergy Hospital in Helsinki, Finland, were enrolled.ResultsEfficacy parameters, the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), eczema area, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the blood eosinophil count, showed improvement in both groups during the study. However, patients with signs of early sensitisation at baseline (elevated serum total IgE, elevated eosinophil count, positive prick tests or specific IgEs to aero or food allergens) had statistically significantly lower TEWL at the eczema site and a smaller eczema area at 12 months in the tacrolimus group. No severe adverse effects were seen during the treatment.ConclusionChildren with AD and signs of early sensitisation appeared to benefit more from early tacrolimus than corticosteroid treatment. Small children may need stronger but nevertheless safe ointment options when treating moderate‐to‐severe AD.
Cardiotoxicity of sorafenib is mediated through elevation of ROS level and CaMKII activity and dysregulation of calcium homoeostasis
Authors: Ma Wenzhuo , Liu Mei , Liang Fanfan , Zhao Lili , Gao Chenying , Jiang Xixi , Zhang Xin , Zhan Heqin , Hu Hao , Zhao Zhenghang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSorafenib, a multi‐kinase inhibitor, is recommended as a new standard therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, it also exhibits severe cardiotoxicity and the toxicity mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Recent studies suggested that sorafenib‐enhanced ROS may partially contribute to its anti‐HCC effect, which implies that redox mechanism might also be involved in sorafenib's cardiotoxicity. In this study, we aimed to investigate if sorafenib is able to induce oxidative stress and how this may impair cellular functions in cardiomyocyte, ultimately accounting for its cardiotoxicity. Our results showed that in isolated rat hearts, sorafenib caused ventricular arrhythmias and left ventricular dysfunction, which were alleviated by the antioxidant N‐(2‐mercaptopropionyl)‐glycine (MPG). In isolated ventricular myocytes, sorafenib increased diastolic intracellular Ca2+ levels, decreased Ca transients and the occurrence of Ca2+ waves. These changes were eliminated by MPG, CaMKII inhibitor KN‐93 and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP)inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). Moreover, the levels of oxidized and phosphorylated CaMKII were significantly increased. Sorafenib elevated ROS levels, which was reversed by CsA and MPG; additionally, sorafenib reduced the activity of mitochondrial complex III and augmented mitochondrial ROS production. In vivo rats treated with sorafenib exhibited a reduction of antioxidant defence and abnormal histological alterations including hypertrophy, increased fibrosis, disordered myofibrils and damaged mitochondria, which were protected by MPG. We conclude that sorafenib induces the disruption of Ca2+ homoeostasis and cardiac injury via enhanced ROS potentially through inhibiting mitochondrial complex III, the opening of mPTP and overactivating CaMKII. These results provide a potential strategy for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity of sorafenib.
Central nervous system emergencies in haematological malignancies
Authors: de la Fuente Macarena I. , Alderuccio Juan Pablo , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryNeurological emergencies are frequently catastrophic events in the course of haematological malignancies (HM) that, if not promptly recognized and treated, may lead to lethal outcomes or chronic sequelae. They may occur at any time during the disease course, but are more frequently observed following relapse. Practice guidelines are lacking in the management of most central nervous system (CNS) complications in HM. Herein we review the pathophysiology, presentation and treatment of elevated intracranial pressure, spinal cord compression, status epilepticus, neurovascular complications, CNS infection, leucostasis and hyperviscosity. Further, we discuss the expanding spectrum of neurological complications of old and novel treatments in HM.
Adaptation and assessment of the Child Feeding Questionnaire for Chinese immigrant families of young children in the United States
Authors: Vu Kathy T. T. , Cheah Charissa S. L. , Sun Shuyan , Zhou Nan , Xue Xiaofang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundChinese immigrant mothers have been found to hold cultural‐specific beliefs about children's weight and use cultural‐specific feeding practices when feeding their children. However, current measurements of child feeding, including the widely used Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), do not capture these cultural‐specific beliefs and practices. Thus, the present study examined the underlying factor structure of the original CFQ (7‐factor model) and the modified CFQ with additional Asian cultural‐specific feeding items (8‐ and 9‐factor model) and assessed the validity of the CFQ among U.S. Chinese immigrant mothers.MethodFirst‐generation Chinese immigrant mothers (N = 216, Mage = 38.31, SDage = 4.34) with young children (Mage = 5.14, SDage = 1.49; 47.70% females) completed the CFQ (Birch et al., 2001), with two additional items capturing Asian cultural‐specific feeding beliefs and practices. Children's and parents' body mass index and mothers' perceptions of their children's body size were also assessed.ResultsOur findings revealed that the 9‐factor model, which included the cultural‐specific feeding items, was the most optimal model to represent the factor structure of feeding beliefs and practices among U.S. Chinese immigrant mothers of young children. Mothers' feeding beliefs and practices were associated with children's and mothers' body mass index and mothers' perceptions of their children's body size.ConclusionsThe present study highlighted the importance of cultural‐specific beliefs and practices when examining parents' feeding perceptions, beliefs, and practices.
Impact of ultrasonographic features, cytomorphology and mutational testing on malignant and indeterminate thyroid nodules on diagnostic accuracy of fine needle cytology samples: A prospective analysis of 141 patients
Authors: Fulciniti Franco , Cipolletta Campanile Anna , Malzone Maria Gabriella , Chiofalo Maria Grazia , Capiluongo Anna , Monaco Mario , Di Maio Nunzia , Sandomenico Fabio , Botti Gerardo , Chiappetta Gennaro , Vuttariello Emilia , Pezzullo Luciano 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveFine needle cytology (FNC) is the first‐line diagnostic method to determine the benign or malignant nature of thyroid nodules. The gray zone of cytological classifications remains, however, a crucial and challenging area for cytopathologists.Design, patients and measurementsIn the present study, 141 thyroid cytological samples, with ultrasonographic suspicious features, have been prospectively analysed. Molecular analyses were performed by an innovative technology using two multiplex PCRs for the amplification of BRAF, N‐H‐K‐RAS and RET exon genes. RNA samples were studied for RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 rearrangements by PCR amplification, and the conditions were set‐up to study, with a single experiment, both wild‐type PAX8 and PAX8/PPARɣ rearrangements. In total, 111 samples were examined for BRAF, N‐H‐KRAS and RET genes. An ultrasonographic, cytological and molecular correlation was also carried out in an attempt to suggest a possible way to manage the patients with thyroid nodules. Cyto‐histological correlation was available in 115 cases, and it was used to verify the global diagnostic accuracy of this combined approach.ResultsAccording to the histopathological diagnosis, FNC accuracy was 100% for TIR5 and metastases; 89% for TIR4; 84% for TIR3A and 58% for TIR3B. About 11% of the studied samples showed either RET‐PTC1 or RET/PTC3 chromosomal rearrangements, and only one sample simultaneously presented RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 rearrangements. PAX8/PPARɣ rearrangement was found in 6% of the samples.ConclusionsA multidisciplinary approach to the thyroid is therefore necessary to develop innovative methods suitable for an improved diagnostic and prognostic definition of thyroid cancer.
Contact sensitization to florists’ chrysanthemums and marguerite daisies in Denmark: A 21‐year experience
Authors: Paulsen Evy , Andersen Klaus E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundBoth florists’ chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum cultivars) and marguerite daisies (Argyranthemum frutescens [L.] Sch.Bip. and its varieties and cultivars) are popular ornamental plants in Denmark.ObjectivesTo present results of aimed patch testing with chrysanthemum and marguerite daisy extracts in Danish patients with Compositae sensitization.MethodsThe results of patch testing with chrysanthemum extract 3% petrolatum (pet.) and marguerite daisy extract 3% pet. (and possibly 1% pet.) from 1998 to 2019 were analyzed.ResultsAltogether, 111/191 (58%) patients tested positive to chrysanthemum extract and 104/179 (58%) tested positive to marguerite daisy. The majority was recreationally exposed, and most reactions were considered relevant. Feverfew extract 1% pet., Compositae mix 5% or 6% pet., or parthenolide 0.1% pet. may cross‐react with chrysanthemum; Compositae mix seems to be best at detecting sensitization to marguerite daisy.ConclusionsIn areas where exposure to chrysanthemum or marguerite daisies is prevalent, it is suggested to include extracts of these plants in the plant series to improve diagnosis of, and advice to, Compositae‐allergic patients.
Towards a standard model of musical improvisation
Authors: Faber Sarah E. M. , McIntosh Anthony R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMusical improvisation is a sophisticated cognitive process that combines creativity, goal‐directed action, sensory monitoring and social interaction. With a renewed interest in quantifying creative processes facilitated by recent advances in neuroimaging technology, musical improvisation has emerged as an ideal paradigm to study creativity. However, many studies isolate the top‐down processes related to creativity from those related to production and auditory perception, leaving the question of how creative behaviours integrate sensory information with higher cognitive processes unanswered. The bottom‐up neural correlates of music perception have been extensively quantified, comprising networks for auditory processing and parsing semantic and syntactic content. In studies of spontaneously generated music and domain‐general creativity, executive control and goal‐directed movement networks are added to the perceptual foundation. This review summarises previous work on music perception and improvisation and presents a conceptual model of musical improvisation with known neural correlates. We make recommendations on future directions for the study of improvisation and discuss the challenges posed by this endeavour.