bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning for stroke in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction but without atrial fibrillation: A post‐hoc analysis of the WARCEF trial
Authors: Ishiguchi Hironori , Chen Yang , Huang Bi , Gue Ying , Correa Elon , Homma Shunichi , Thompson John L. P. , Qian Min , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Abdul‐Rahim Azmil H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe prediction of ischaemic stroke in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but without atrial fibrillation (AF) remains challenging. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) in identifying the development of ischaemic stroke in this population.MethodsWe performed a post‐hoc analysis of the WARCEF trial, only including patients without a history of AF. We evaluated the performance of 9 ML models for identifying incident stroke using metrics including area under the curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis. The importance of each feature used in the model was ranked by SAPley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values.ResultsWe included 2213 patients with HFrEF but without AF (mean age 58 ± 11 years; 80% male). Of these, 74 (3.3%) had an ischaemic stroke in sinus rhythm during a mean follow‐up of 3.3 ± 1.8 years. Out of the 29 patient‐demographics variables, 12 were selected for the ML training. Almost all ML models demonstrated high AUC values, outperforming the CHA2DS2‐VASc score (AUC: 0.643, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.512–0.767). The Support Vector Machine (SVM) and XGBoost models achieved the highest AUCs, with 0.874 (95% CI: 0.769–0.959) and 0.873 (95% CI: 0.783–0.953), respectively. The SVM and LightGBM consistently provided significant net clinical benefits. Key features consistently identified across these models were creatinine clearance (CrCl), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and warfarin use.ConclusionsMachine‐learning models can be useful in identifying incident ischaemic strokes in patients with HFrEF but without AF. CrCl, BUN and warfarin use were the key features.
Trialling floral‐baited traps to survey flower‐visiting insects in tropical crops: Findings from an oil palm case study
Authors: Popkin Megan , Harianja Martina F. , Luke Sarah H. , Setyawan Yendra P. , Naim Mohammad , Caliman Jean‐Pierre , Turner Edgar C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMonitoring pollinating arthropods in crop systems can provide important information about pollinator populations and potential yield but can be hampered by accessibility to flowers in some systems, or by the timing of flowering and pollinator visits. This is particularly the case in oil palm, the world's leading source of vegetable oil, where flowering is discontinuous, inflorescences are sometimes many metres off the ground, and pollination is largely dependent on a single insect species—the specialist weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus Faust (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). We used oil palm as a case study system to trial a new trap design to selectively survey flower‐visitors of insect‐pollinated crops. The trap consisted of a pan trap baited with half a male oil palm inflorescence. To assess effectiveness of the trap across different environments, we set pairs of baited and non‐baited control pan traps in a variety of habitats in industrial oil palm plantations in Riau, Indonesia. We identified all arthropods collected to order level, with ants separated from other Hymenoptera owing to their distinct ecology, and E. kamerunicus identified to species level. We found a higher abundance of arthropods trapped by baited versus unbaited traps across all habitat types and across all taxa except Orthoptera, with the greatest differences found in E. kamerunicus, non‐E. kamerunicus Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera. The age of inflorescences used in baited traps affected abundances of certain taxa, with 8% reduction in E. kamerunicus abundance, 1% reduction in other Coleoptera and 4% reduction in Lepidoptera with each 1% increase in inflorescence openness beyond 40% open. Most taxa were found in higher numbers in the baited traps. The baited pan traps worked across a range of habitats and present an effective and inexpensive survey method for assessing populations of flower‐visiting arthropods and could collect a wider range of flower‐visitors than traps baited with more specific attractants, such as estragole, a volatile component emitted by oil palm inflorescences. Similar approaches could be trialled in other insect‐pollinated crops.
Weight discrimination ability during an action observation task is dependent on the type of muscle contraction
Authors: Albergoni Andrea , Paizis Christos , Papaxanthis Charalambos , Biggio Monica , Bove Marco , Bisio Ambra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConcentric and eccentric contractions show different patterns of neural activity at both peripheral and cortical levels, which are thought to influence the perception of action properties such as the weight of objects moved by others. The aim of this study was to investigate how the type of muscle contraction influences weight estimation during action observation.Forty‐eight volunteers completed the Main experiment and the Control experiment. In the Main experiment, they performed a weight discrimination video task in which they watched videos of an actor moving two objects, a comparison, and a reference box, executing concentric or eccentric contractions and they had to indicate which box was the heaviest. Sensitivity analysis and psychometric functions were used to analyse the data. In the Control experiment, observers judged the actor's effort in moving the boxes.The results of the Main experiment showed that the weight discrimination sensitivity was higher in the eccentric condition for the light boxes. Conversely, for the heaviest boxes, discrimination sensitivity was higher in the concentric condition. These results were confirmed by the psychometric function analysis. The control experiment showed that the perceived difference in effort between the comparison and reference stimuli was greater in the eccentric than in the concentric condition for light stimuli.These results showed that the ability to evaluate the weight of the object involved in the observed action was influenced by the type of contraction and the amount of weight. The effort attributed to the actor influenced the observer's perception.
Friendship as a lifeline: Navigating the precarious landscape of the US employment‐based immigration as women of color psychologists
Authors: Daruwalla Shaznin , Ley Shirley 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDrawing inspiration from the reflective and liberating practice of testimonio, we narrated our experiences as two women of color precariously employed psychologists with US employment visas. Shirley Ley recounted an experience of lost identity as a psychologist at a small liberal arts institution while Shaznin Daruwalla wove a narrative of tested endurance in her role as a staff psychologist in a medium‐sized state‐funded academic institution. Despite our diverse origins—Canada and India respectively—we shared the intricate link between our immigration status and employment. This connection tethered us to our professional roles and the organizations supporting our employment‐based immigrant visas. Unlike US permanent residents or citizens, our difficulty in switching employers freely left us profoundly vulnerable. The gravity of employment termination was overwhelming, tantamount to relinquishing our rights to reside and work in the United States, affording us only a brief 60‐day window to secure new sponsorship. Guided by our unwavering anti‐oppressive ethos, we confronted institutional barriers head‐on, a stance that often placed us in precarious situations. Our assertive challenges to the system not only risked termination of our jobs but also carried the threat of displacement, a persistent reality in our consciousness. Amid the backdrop of COVID‐19's employment uncertainties, our friendship emerged as a steadfast anchor, offering the safety and stability we needed to persevere. Through this paper, we sought to demonstrate how supportive relationships and shared experiences among women of color can be a powerful tool for resilience, personal growth, and professional empowerment in the face of systemic challenges.
An Implicit Fillet‐Weld Element Formulation for Mesh‐Insensitive Fatigue Evaluation of Complex Structures
Authors: Zhang Lunyu , Wu Shengjia , Dong Pingsha 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn fatigue evaluation of welded structures, explicit weld representations in finite element (FE) models are needed for reliably capturing stress or strain concentration behaviors at critical weld locations, for example, weld toe or weld root, in using widely accepted traction structural stress or extrapolation hot‐spot stress methods. The laborious efforts needed for generating weld geometry have been a major challenge for fatigue evaluation of complex structures containing many welds. In this paper, we present a user‐defined fillet‐weld element formulation and its numerical implementation for computing traction mesh‐insensitive structural stresses. The fillet‐weld element is formulated by connecting several linear four‐nodes Mindlin shell elements around weld region as a user‐defined element. The resulting elements can be directly used with major commercial FE codes through an available user subroutine interface. A number of well‐documented fillet‐welded components are then used for validating the accuracy and robustness of the developed fillet‐weld elements.
Does Transfer Pathway Uptake Help or Hinder Access to STEM Fields in Postsecondary Education? A View From Canada
Authors: Zarifa David , Sano Yujiro , Pizarro Milian Roger 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTConsiderable scholarly attention has been devoted to how gender, race and various other demographic factors shape the odds of majoring in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) programs. Such work has identified sizable disparities in access to STEM fields across various dimensions. In turn, these empirical findings have informed productive discussions about the social and institutional mechanisms that prevent marginalised groups from entering STEM, along with the potential strategies that could be used at multiple levels (e.g., government and institutional) to address them. Despite the increasing size of this literature, little energy has been devoted to examining the extent to which uptake of transfer pathways is associated with the odds of eventually majoring in a STEM field. Does transfer divert students away from STEM fields? Does it primarily function as an ‘on‐ramp’ for students from other disciplines to enter STEM? We find that students who travel transfer pathways into the university sector are less likely to major in STEM, but those that travel transfer pathways into the community college sector are more likely to major in STEM. We identify some of the mechanisms that could be contributing to these trends and highlight some prospective strategies for addressing the potential structural barriers faced by students wishing to enter STEM.
Consumer Involvement in the Design and Development of Medication Safety Interventions or Services in Primary Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: DelDot Megan , Lau Esther , Rayner Nicole , Spinks Jean , Kelly Fiona , Nissen Lisa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMedication‐related problems remain a significant burden despite the availability of various interventions and services in primary care. Involving health care consumers to design interventions or services across health disciplines is becoming more widely used as this type of engagement reportedly leads to more accessible, acceptable and sustainable health services and quality of life. We conducted a scoping review to examine when and how consumers have been involved in the design and development of medication safety interventions or services within the primary care.MethodsWe searched five key databases (MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), Embase (Elsevier) and Cochrane Library (Wiley)) for relevant articles published up to February 2024. Studies were included if they involved adult consumers (≥ 18 years), their families, carers or the wider community as stakeholders. This review only included studies where the aim was to improve safe and effective medication use, delivered exclusively in primary care. To examine consumer involvement approaches and methods we adapted a framework describing the stages of consumer involvement for the data extraction tool.ResultsOverall, 15 studies were included (comprising 24 articles). Codesign, experience‐based codesign, coproduction and participatory action research were commonly used approaches. Meetings, interviews, surveys/questionnaires were commonly used methods. Two studies reported consumer involvement across all stages of the research study, and only one study described the consumer experience of being involved in the research process. The impact of consumer involvement on the effectiveness of these services or interventions was mixed.ConclusionThe potential benefits of consumer involvement in the design and development of medication safety interventions or services may not have been fully maximised, given that genuine consumer involvement across all stages of the research study appears uncommon. More transparent and consistent reporting around the description of consumers involved, their experience of being involved and overall impact and quality of consumer participation is needed.Patient or Public ContributionThis scoping review was undertaken without consumers, patients, service users, caregivers or people with lived experience or members of the public due to resource limitations. This scoping review was undertaken and written by academics, who have undertaken codesign with consumers and stakeholders and also have personal lived experience of medication‐related problems.
Association between total, regional and organ fat and type 2 diabetes risk factors among Latino youth: A longitudinal study
Authors: Owolabi Eyitayo O. , Olson Micah L. , Hu Houchun H. , Peña Armando , Pimentel Janiel L. , Pituch Keenan A. , Bailey Smita S. , Shaibi Gabriel Q. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryIntroductionTo examine whether within‐person changes in total, regional and organ fat were associated with within‐person changes in type 2 diabetes (T2D)‐related biomarkers following interventions.MethodsA secondary analysis from a randomised trial among Latino youth (30 males, 25 females) aged 12–16 years with obesity. The study sample combined participants randomised to either lifestyle intervention (N = 39) or usual care (N = 16). Total body composition was assessed by DEXA. Hepatic and pancreatic fat fractions were assessed using MRI. T2D risk factors included insulin sensitivity, beta‐cell function and post‐challenge glucose.ResultsSignificant changes in %body fat, lean mass, insulin sensitivity and 2‐h glucose were observed. Changes in fat mass were associated with changes in insulin sensitivity (β = −0.45, p < 0.001), while changes in lean mass were associated with changes in 2‐h glucose concentrations (β = −0.50, p = 0.02). No association between changes in total, regional, or organ fat and beta cell function were noted.ConclusionsOur study revealed that within‐person changes in fat mass and lean mass were associated with increased insulin sensitivity and reduced 2‐h glucose concentrations, respectively, among high‐risk Latino youth. The impact of reductions in regional and organ fat deposition on T2D risk factors warrants further examination.
Prenatal Skin Cell Atlas reveals macrophages’ role beyond immunity
Authors: Pattaroni Céline 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this article, we discuss a recently published study by Gopee et al., who have unveiled a surprising role for macrophages in human prenatal skin development, extending far beyond their traditional immune function. By constructing a comprehensive multi‐omics single‐cell atlas of human prenatal skin, they demonstrate that innate immune cells play a key role in hair follicle formation, scarless wound healing and neurovascular development.
Infants' Preference for ID Speech in Face and Voice Extends to a Non‐Native Language
Authors: Birulés Joan , Méary David , Fort Mathilde , Hojin Kim , Johnson Scott P. , Pascalis Olivier 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTInfants prefer infant‐directed (ID) speech. Concerning talking faces, previous research showed that 3‐ and 5‐month‐olds prefer faces that produce native ID than native adult‐directed (AD) speech, regardless of background speech being ID, AD or silent. Here, we explored whether infants also show a preference for non‐native ID speech. We presented 3‐ and 6‐month‐old infants with pairs of talking faces, one producing non‐native ID speech and the other non‐native AD speech, either in silence (Experiment 1) or accompanied by non‐native ID or AD background speech (Experiment 2). Results from Experiment 1 showed an overall preference for the silent ID talking faces across both age groups, suggesting a reliance on cross‐linguistic, potentially universal cues for this preference. However, Experiment 2 showed that preference for ID faces was disrupted at 3 months when auditory speech was present (ID or AD). At 6 months, infants maintained a preference for ID talking faces, but only when accompanied by ID speech. These findings show that auditory non‐native speech interferes with infants' processing of ID talking faces. They also suggest that by 6 months, infants start associating ID features from faces and voices irrespective of language familiarity, suggesting that infants' ID preference may be universal and amodal.
Remembering Nightingale in her turbulent times: Introducing the Theory of Integral Nursing in our turbulent times
Authors: Beck Deva‐Marie , Dossey Barbara Montgomery 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimTo connect selected examples from Florence Nightingale's life with concerns for the distress nurses are experiencing worldwide.BackgroundWe live in turbulent times of disease, armed conflict, vast climate change, and social injustice—factors exacerbating illness and impacting health—factors Nightingale also addressed throughout her life.Sources of evidenceThe Theory of Integral Nursing (TIN) is introduced with related examples of nursing's problems and solutions seen through integral lenses at the individual, group, grassroots, and global levels. Illustrating these points, relevant Nightingale quotes and life narratives illustrate how she responded, in her time, to the challenges we face in our time.DiscussionLeading reflections focus on changes needed within nursing's culture to encourage proactive innovations and public advocacy for the challenges nurses face—for nurses to be seen and heard.ConclusionNurses are a potentially significant force to bring our trusted caring and compassion for suffering into advocacy for a better world.Implications for nursing practiceNightingale's vision for maintaining excellence in ‘sick‐nursing’ practice is described with a corresponding aim to develop ‘health‐nursing’ practices to address the causes of illness and injury through public advocacy.Implications for nursing and health policyRecommendations connect Nightingale's hope for future policy leadership with recent global policy calls to sustain positive change within nursing's culture and the global healthcare workforce.
Working at Home and the Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Birch Elisa , Preston Alison 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of working at home on the wages of men and women using cross‐sectional and panel data from Australia. The results show that working at home helps narrow the gender wage gap. A concerning finding is that fathers who work at home earn significantly less than other men who work at home. Policy implications are discussed.
Physical Activity and Arterial Stiffness: A Narrative Review
Authors: Yang Jinyu , Chen Xiaoqian , Chen Xiang , Li Lihua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTArterial stiffness is a significant predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Physical activity (PA) has been extensively studied for its potential to reduce arterial stiffness, but the relationship between different types, durations, and intensities of PA and arterial stiffness remains a topic of ongoing research. Therefore, in this narrative review, we evaluated the current evidence focusing on the effect of PA on arterial stiffness and vascular health and discussed the known underlying physiological mechanisms. PA, irrespective of its intensity or pattern, is consistently associated with lower arterial stiffness. Aerobic exercise, particularly at higher intensities, is the most effective strategy for reducing arterial stiffness. These benefits are especially significant in populations with higher cardiovascular risk, such as those with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Therefore, maintaining an active lifestyle into older age is crucial for vascular health and may contribute to healthy aging.
Association between Pan‐Immune Inflammation Value and Sarcopenia in Hypertensive Patients, NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Long Lu , Xiong Bingquan , Luo Zhidan , Yang Haiyan , She Qiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSarcopenia worsens the prognosis in hypertensive patients, leading to complications such as proteinuria, osteoporosis, disability, and cognitive impairment. Early screening and intervention for sarcopenia in these patients may improve outcomes. This cross‐sectional study utilized data from 9253 hypertensive patients in the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We used logistic and linear regression models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analyses to evaluate the relationship between pan‐immune‐inflammation value (PIV) and sarcopenia. Patients were divided into quartiles based on PIV levels. After controlling for confounding factors, our study found that those in the highest PIV quartile faced a 36% greater risk of developing sarcopenia compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.77). The RCS analysis indicated a linear increase in sarcopenia risk as PIV levels rose (non‐linear p = 0.130). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that diabetes synergistically increased sarcopenia risk (p for interaction = 0.007). Elevated PIV levels were identified as an independent risk factor for sarcopenia, with diabetes amplifying this risk. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and management of elevated PIV levels to improve outcomes for hypertensive patients at risk of sarcopenia.
Building a better lawyer: Experimental evidence that artificial intelligence can increase legal work efficiency
Authors: Nielsen Aileen , Skylaki Stavroula , Norkute Milda , Stremitzer Alexander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRapidly improving artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have created opportunities for human–machine cooperation in legal practice. We provide evidence from an experiment with law students (N = 206) on the causal impact of machine assistance on the efficiency of legal task completion in a private law setting with natural language inputs and multidimensional AI outputs. We tested two forms of machine assistance: AI‐generated summaries of legal complaints and AI‐generated text highlighting within those complaints. AI‐generated highlighting reduced task completion time by 30% without any reduction in measured quality indicators compared to no AI assistance. AI‐generated summaries produced no change in performance metrics. AI summaries and AI highlighting together improved efficiency but not as much as AI highlighting alone. Our results show that AI support can dramatically increase the efficiency of legal task completion, but finding the optimal form of AI assistance is a fine‐tuning exercise. Currently, AI‐generated highlighting is not readily available from state‐of‐the‐art, consumer‐facing large language models, but our work suggests that this capability should be prioritized in the development of legal AI products.