bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Embolism: Label‐Free Volumetric Mapping of Thrombus Structure and Kinesis in a Microfluidic System with Optical Holography
Authors: He Xuefei , Montague Samantha J. , Tao Xu , Gardiner Elizabeth E. , Lee Woei Ming 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEmbolization of thrombotic material may lead to acute events such as ischemia and myocardial infarction. The embolus is the physical detachment from a primary thrombus that has developed under fluid shear rates. The physical characteristics (surface area coverage, volume, mass, and packing density) of a thrombus influence the overall flow dynamics of an occluding blood vessel. Here, the effectiveness of holographic quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) in identifying multiple morphological parameters of a thrombus (volume, surface area, and height) formed over collagen‐coated microfluidic channels by exerting a range of shear rates with anticoagulated platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood is demonstrated. QPM enables the recording of entire thrombus volumes in real‐time using PRP and observed both growth and contraction trends of thrombi, without need for biochemical labeling. The process of emboli detachment in a microfluidic channel under pathophysiological shear rates (7500 and 12 500 s−1) is quantified. Rapid and direct quantification of an embolizing thrombus can enable the study of events during undesirable vessel occlusion and lead to targeting and early diagnosis of acute coronary and venous events.
Ex Vivo Functionality of 3D Bioprinted Corneal Endothelium Engineered with Ribonuclease 5‐Overexpressing Human Corneal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kim Kyoung Woo , Lee Soo Jin , Park Soo Hyun , Kim Jae Chan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHuman corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) are scarcely proliferative in vivo. The cultured HCECs engineered to overexpress ribonuclease (RNase) 5 (R5‐HCECs) are prepared after transient transfection with RNase 5 plasmid vector. As candidate targets of R5‐HCECs for enhancement of cellular proliferation and survival of R5‐HCECs, programmed cell death protein 4 is inhibited, and cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 are activated. The cultured R5‐HCECs and control HCECs on lyophilized amniotic membrane (AM) are deposited as a carrier by extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting to prepare transplantable RNase 5 vector‐transfected HCECs–laden AM graft (R5‐Graft) and the control HCECs–laden AM graft (Ct‐Graft), respectively. The ready‐to‐use R5‐Graft shows clearer basolateral expression of Na+‐K+ ATPase pump and higher cell confluency than Ct‐Graft. From 2 weeks after graft transplantation, both R5‐Graft and Ct‐Graft start restoring clarity of the rabbit corneas, and their central corneal edema are much less than those in the control group at 3 and 4 weeks. The ex vivo expression of corneal endothelial phenotypical markers is clear in R5‐Grafs rather than in Ct‐Grafts at 4 weeks. In conclusion, the fabricated corneal endothelium with cultured HCECs easily survives and functions as corneal endothelium in vivo. Furthermore, the use of the cultured HCECs engineered to overexpress RNase 5 (R5‐HCECs) may be an option to obtain higher graft cellularity and to enhance the function of transplanted grafts.
Photosensitizers with Aggregation‐Induced Emission: Materials and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Hu Fang , Xu Shidang , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy is arising as a noninvasive treatment modality for cancer and other diseases. One of the key factors to determine the therapeutic function is the efficiency of photosensitizers (PSs). Opposed to traditional PSs, which show quenched fluorescence and reduced singlet oxygen production in the aggregate state, PSs with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) exhibit enhanced fluorescence and strong photosensitization ability in nanoparticles. Here, the design principles of AIE PSs and their biomedical applications are discussed in detail, starting with a summary of traditional PSs, followed by a comparison between traditional and AIE PSs to highlight the various design strategies and unique features of the latter. Subsequently, the applications of AIE PSs in photodynamic cancer cell ablation, bacteria killing, and image‐guided therapy are discussed using charged AIE PSs, AIE PS molecular probes, and AIE PS nanoparticles as examples. These studies have demonstrated the great potential of AIE PSs as effective theranostic agents to treat tumor or bacterial infection. This review hopefully will spur more research interest in AIE PSs for future translational research.
Reversible Surface Patterning by Dynamic Crosslink Gradients: Controlling Buckling in 2D
Authors: Hou Honghao , Hu Kaiming , Lin Hongbo , Forth Joe , Zhang Wenming , Russell Thomas P. , Yin Jie , Jiang Xuesong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHarnessing the self‐organization of soft materials to make complex, well‐ordered surface patterns in a noninvasive manner is challenging. The wrinkling of thin films provides a compelling strategy to achieve this. Despite much attention, however, a simple, single‐step, reversible method that gives rise to controlled, two‐dimensional (2D) ordered, continuous, and discontinuous patterns has proven to be elusive. Here a novel, robust method is described to achieve this using an ultraviolet‐light‐sensitive anthracene‐containing polymer thin film. The origin of the patterns is the local buckling of the thin film, where the control over the topology is given by laterally patterning out‐of‐plane gradients in the crosslink density of the film. The underlying buckling mechanics and formation of the surface features are well‐described by finite element analysis. By illuminating the film with a photomask, local and long‐range patterns that can be both continuous and discontinuous are able to be written. Furthermore, the patterning is fully reversible over multiple cycles. The results demonstrate a simple strategy for erasable storage of information in a surface topography that has applications in memory, anticounterfeiting, and plasmonics.
Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Heterocycles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWater, the most widely‐used solvent in Nature, has received considerable interest as an environmentally benign solvent in organic syntheses. The present account focuses on the use of water as the reaction medium under a variety of reaction conditions, including ambient temperature and pressure, heating/reflux, microwave irradiation and ultrasonication in the presence or absence of homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts, in implementing the syntheses of a diverse range of heterocyclic scaffolds of biological significance reported during the period 2013–2017.
Efficient Iron‐Catalyzed Reductive N‐Alkylation of Aromatic Amines with Carboxylic Acid and Phenylsilane
Authors: Qiao Chang , Yao Xiang‐Yang , Liu Xiao‐Fang , Li Hong‐Ru , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe development of efficient catalysts for the alkylation of amines with carboxylic acids is attracting much attention. Herein, we would like to report an earth‐abundant iron‐catalyzed protocol for the N‐alkylation of anilines using carboxylic acid as alkyl source and phenylsilane as reducing agent. With Fe2(CO)9 as a catalyst, a broad range of primary and secondary anilines are successfully converted to the corresponding tertiary anilines. Furthermore, this N‐alkylation mainly goes through the amide pathway; while the aldehyde pathway can not be ruled out.
Organization of the Thermal Grill Illusion by Spinal Segments
Authors: Fardo Francesca , Finnerup Nanna Brix , Haggard Patrick 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveA common symptom of neuropathy is the misperception of heat and pain from cold stimuli. Similar cold allodynic sensations can be experimentally induced using the thermal grill illusion (TGI) in humans. It is currently unclear whether this interaction between thermosensory and nociceptive signals depends on spinal or supraspinal integration mechanisms. To address this issue, we developed a noninvasive protocol to assess thermosensory integration across spinal segments.MethodsWe leveraged anatomical knowledge regarding dermatomes and their spinal projections to investigate potential contributions of spinal integration to the TGI. We simultaneously stimulated a pair of skin locations on the arm or lower back using 1 cold (∼20°C) and 1 warm thermode (∼40°C). The 2 thermodes were always separated by a fixed physical distance on the skin, but elicited neural activity across a varying number of spinal segments, depending on which dermatomal boundaries the 2 stimuli spanned.ResultsParticipants consistently overestimated the actual cold temperature on the skin during combined cold and warm stimulation, confirming the TGI effect. The TGI was present when cold and warm stimuli were delivered within the same dermatome, or across dermatomes corresponding to adjacent spinal segments. In striking contrast, no TGI effect was found when cold and warm stimuli projected to nonadjacent spinal segments.InterpretationThese results demonstrate that the strength of the illusion is modulated by the segmental distance between cold and warm afferents. This suggests that both temperature perception and thermal–nociceptive interactions depend upon low‐level convergence mechanisms operating within a single spinal segment and its immediate neighbors. Ann Neurol 2018;84:463–472
Perioperative Care During Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Authors: Crosley Kristen M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is a life‐changing surgical treatment. More than 150,000 patients worldwide have been treated with DBS, primarily for Parkinson disease and medically refractory tremor and dystonia. However, the use of DBS has recently expanded beyond traditional movement disorders to include the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, epilepsy, and other neurological and psychological diseases. Considering this expanded use of DBS, it is essential to understand the role that each member of the multidisciplinary health care team plays and how to avoid possible complications during this procedure. Proper patient selection, precise anatomical placement of the electrode, and proper programming of the implanted device are key aspects of DBS treatment. It also is valuable to understand how the deep brain stimulator is implanted and functions. Accurate lead placement that results in positive outcomes for patients relies on collaboration from an experienced perioperative team led by the neurosurgeon.
An Anthraquinone/Carbon Fiber Composite as Cathode Material for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Werner Daniel , Apaydin Dogukan H. , Portenkirchner Engelbert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe transition from rare to natural abundant materials in rechargeable batteries is becoming a grand challenge in developing a resource sustainable power supply. Since decades, scientists attempt to circumvent the lithium's resource problem by innovating alternative active metal ions. A cost‐effective alternative to lithium is to use sodium (Na) as the carrier ion in rechargeable batteries. We present an electrode composite material comprising anthraquinone (AQ) and nanostructured carbon fibers, as a cathode material for Na‐ion batteries. These electrodes are characterized by a large surface area, ordered porous network, large pore volume and good electrical conductivity. The material is further compared to the water soluble, mono‐substituted anthraquinone derivative, sulfonated 9,10‐anthraquinone (SAQ). While the SAQ/carbon fiber composite demonstrates a moderate initial discharge capacity of ∼95 mAh g−1 accompanied by substantial, initial capacity fading, the AQ/carbon fiber composite shows a remarkably high discharge capacity of ∼307 mAh g−1 and exhibit reasonable cycling stability over 115 charge/discharge cycles in a Na containing electrolyte. This may be best explained by the well‐structured intermolecular π‐π stacking of the thermally evaporated AQ layers and with the subjacent carbon fibers. Since AQ and SAQ are widely‐used industrial pigments, they may offer a cost‐effective, abundant and environmentally benign cathode material for secondary Na‐ion and Na‐flow batteries.
Clinical benefit of treatment with eribulin mesylate for metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer: Long‐term outcomes of patients treated in the US community oncology setting
Authors: Mougalian Sarah S. , Copher Ronda , Kish Jonathan K. , McAllister Lindsay , Wang Zhixiao , Broscious Mary , Garofalo David , Radtchenko Janna , Feinberg Bruce A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionReal‐world data are critical to demonstrate the consistency of evidence and external generalizability of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study examined characteristics and outcomes of metastatic triple‐negative breast cancer (mTNBC) patients treated with eribulin mesylate at community oncology practices in the United States.MethodsPhysicians identified mTNBC patients initiating eribulin between 1 January 2011 and 1 January 2014 and abstracted data into an electronic case report form (eCRF). Eribulin treatment in the metastatic setting was categorized as early use (EU, first‐/second‐line) and late use (LU, third‐line or later). Patient characteristics, overall survival (OS), disease response (per treating physician), and adverse events (AEs) rates in each group, respectively, are reported.ResultsOverall 252 eCRFs were completed: 125 (49.6%) EU and 127 (50.4%) LU. The median age at metastatic diagnosis was 53 years and 42.1% were stage IV at their initial diagnosis. The median duration of follow‐up from the initiation of first‐line treatment was 24 months. Rates of disease response (complete or partial per treating physician) were 69.9% in the EU group and 48.8% in the LU group. The five most commonly reported adverse events during eribulin were as follows: fatigue (65.1%), weakness (40.1%), decreased appetite (32.5%), neutropenia (31.0%), and leukopenia (27.4%). Discontinuation of eribulin due to AE was observed in 4.0% of patients. Median OS from initiation of eribulin was 23.0 months (95% CI: 18.7‐27.3) among EU and 14.7 (95% CI: 12.6‐16.9) among LU.ConclusionIn the real‐world eribulin‐treated mTNBC, patients have more sites of metastatic disease and exposure to greater numbers of prior therapies compared to RCTs. The median OS of 14.7 months among LU patients is consistent with, and slightly longer than the 13.1 months and 14.4 months reported in the EMBRACE and Study 301 clinical trials, respectively.
Piperazine and methyldiethanolamine interrelationships in CO2 absorption by aqueous amine mixtures. Part I: Saturation rates of single‐reagent solutions
Authors: Costa Camilla , Demartini Marco , Di felice Renzo , Oliva Maddalena , Pagliai Paolo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFormulation of efficient absorbing solutions for carbon dioxide capture is essential to reduce the operation costs of industrial gas treatment plants.Recently, mixed amine systems, typically composed of a tertiary and a primary or secondary amine, have been a growing interest in academic and industrial research. In particular, the so‐called activated methyldiethanolamine (aMDEA), which contains small amounts of piperazine (PZ), has become one of the most promising new candidates.This work intends to perform a comparison between the performance of single amines on the one hand and their blends on the other hand with the aim of elucidating how PZ and MDEA can interact in the latter situation. In the first part, aqueous solutions made up of a pure reagent (either MDEA or PZ) were studied. Rates of CO2 transfer from a gas phase to unloaded and loaded solutions, up to nearly saturation points, were experimentally investigated for a wide range of operating conditions using a membrane contactor. Observed CO2 transfer rates were reproduced with a simple yet effective model that captured the main physical and chemical aspects.
Risk of Bias and Quality of Evidence for Treatment of ADHD With Stimulant Medication
Authors: Swanson James M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStorebø et al. provide a concise summary of two Cochrane reviews about benefits and harms of treatment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with methylphenidate: (1) a review of 185 randomized controlled trials that estimated benefits (e.g., moderate‐to‐large reduction in teacher‐rated ADHD symptoms) and (2) a review of 260 nonrandomized trials that estimated harms (e.g., infrequent serious but frequent nonserious adverse events). They also mention (without providing much detail) additional information from the structured Cochrane method about the risk for bias in the trials reviewed (assessed as being high) and quality of evidence of the outcomes considered (rated as being very low). This led to the conclusion that “the jury is still out on benefits and harms.” A similar conclusion of the first review generated an extensive debate in the literature. Some details will be summarized and discussed herein to provide context in case the recent review and the summary by Storebø et al. revive the debate.
Mechanical property characterization of hundreds of single nuclei based on microfluidic constriction channel
Authors: Chang Chun‐Chieh , Wang Ke , Zhang Yi , Chen Deyong , Fan Beiyuan , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Wang Junbo , Wu Min‐Hsien , Chen Jian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs label‐free biomarkers, the mechanical properties of nuclei are widely treated as promising biomechanical markers for cell type classification and cellular status evaluation. However, previously reported mechanical parameters were derived from only around 10 nuclei, lacking statistical significances due to low sample numbers. To address this issue, nuclei were first isolated from SW620 and A549 cells, respectively, using a chemical treatment method. This was followed by aspirating them through two types of microfluidic constriction channels for mechanical property characterization. In this study, hundreds of nuclei were characterized, producing passage times of 0.5 ± 1.2 s for SW620 nuclei in type I constriction channel (n = 153), 0.045 ± 0.047 s for SW620 nuclei in type II constriction channel (n = 215) and 0.50 ± 0.86 s for A549 nuclei in type II constriction channel. In addition, neural network based pattern recognition was used to classify the nuclei isolated from SW620 and A549 cells, producing successful classification rates of 87.2% for diameters of nuclei, 85.5% for passage times of nuclei and 89.3% for both passage times and diameters of nuclei. These results indicate that the characterization of the mechanical properties of nuclei may contribute to the classification of different tumor cells.
An environmental DNA sampling method for aye‐ayes from their feeding traces
Authors: Aylward Megan L. , Sullivan Alexis P. , Perry George H. , Johnson Steig E. , Louis Edward E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNoninvasive sampling is an important development in population genetic monitoring of wild animals. Particularly, the collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) which can be collected without needing to encounter the target animal facilitates the genetic analysis of endangered species. One method that has been applied to these sample types is target capture and enrichment which overcomes the issue of high proportions of exogenous (nonhost) DNA from these lower quality samples. We tested whether target capture of mitochondrial DNA from sampled feeding traces of the aye‐aye, an endangered lemur species would yield mitochondrial DNA sequences for population genetic monitoring. We sampled gnawed wood where aye‐ayes excavate wood‐boring insect larvae from trees. We designed RNA probes complementary to the aye‐aye's mitochondrial genome and used these to isolate aye‐aye DNA from other nontarget DNA in these samples. We successfully retrieved six near‐complete mitochondrial genomes from two sites within the aye‐aye's geographic range that had not been sampled previously. Our method demonstrates the application of next‐generation molecular techniques to species of conservation concern. This method can likely be applied to alternative foraged remains to sample endangered species other than aye‐ayes.
Using canopy greenness index to identify leaf ecophysiological traits during the foliar senescence in an oak forest
Authors: Liu Zhunqiao , An Shuqing , Lu Xiaoliang , Hu Haibo , Tang Jianwu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCamera‐based observation of forest canopies allows for low‐cost, continuous, high temporal‐spatial resolutions of plant phenology and seasonality of functional traits. In this study, we extracted canopy color index (green chromatic coordinate, Gcc) from the time‐series canopy images provided by a digital camera in a deciduous forest in Massachusetts, USA. We also measured leaf‐level photosynthetic activities and leaf area index (LAI) development in the field during the growing season, and corresponding leaf chlorophyll concentrations in the laboratory. We used the Bayesian change point (BCP) approach to analyze Gcc. Our results showed that (1) the date of starting decline of LAI (DOY 263), defined as the start of senescence, could be mathematically identified from the autumn Gcc pattern by analyzing change points of the Gcc curve, and Gcc is highly correlated with LAI after the first change point when LAI was decreasing (R2 = 0.88, LAI < 2.5 m2/m2); (2) the second change point of Gcc (DOY 289) started a more rapid decline of Gcc when chlorophyll concentration and photosynthesis rates were relatively low (13.4 ± 10.0% and 23.7 ± 13.4% of their maximum values, respectively) and continuously reducing; and (3) the third change point of Gcc (DOY 295) marked the end of growing season, defined by the termination of photosynthetic activities, two weeks earlier than the end of Gcc curve decline. Our results suggested that with the change point analysis, camera‐based phenology observation can effectively quantify the dynamic pattern of the start of senescence (with declining LAI) and the end of senescence (when photosynthetic activities terminated) in the deciduous forest.