bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban land ownership and the housing question in Germany: Insights from Catholic social ethics
Authors: Degan Julian 
Published: November 2024

As one measure to combat the housing affordability crisis, land policy is once again receiving more attention. However, it is little known that Catholic social ethicists in Germany were also heavily involved in urban land policy debates between 1950 and 1980. Along the lines of Catholic property ethics, they criticised that land law at the time was too strongly geared towards the interests of private owners and too little towards the common good. They considered this to be particularly problematic as they ascribed a strong social character to land ownership, which was hardly taken into account by land law and therefore led to unjustified privileges for landowners. In order to create a balance between the individual character and the social character of land ownership, they suggested, among other things, to tax land more heavily, to strengthen the public sector as a property owner and to improve spatial planning measures. The renaissance of land policy and the example of the city of Ulm, which successfully pursues an active land policy, testify to the topicality of the Catholic social ethicists’ position on urban land policy. However, a crucial deficit of this position is that it does not take into account ecological requirements of land use.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article combines insights from economics and Catholic social ethics. It is aimed at academics from economics, theology or housing studies as well as anyone from politics and civil society who is concerned with the ‘housing question’.
Decolonial cities: Considering the potential of the periphery in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: McGeoch Graham G. 
Published: November 2024

Augustine has long set the ‘gold standard’ for any theology of the city. However, in the Americas, Thomas Aquinas’ De regimine principum exerts a greater practical and political influence as it was the basis for the instructions of Spanish and Portuguese crowns to the conquistadores. Colonial city architecture and urban planning followed Christian medieval principles and deliberately excluded indigenous villages, enslaved peoples, the urban poor and other religions from urban imaginaries in the Americas. This medieval (colonial) theology of the city has failed the peripheries of the Americas, as it has trapped theology in an instinctively negative attitude towards the city. This essay, firstly, establishes the legacy of colonial Christian imaginaries of the city in the Americas and explores the Christian political contributions to that worldview. Secondly, it presents a decolonial concept of the city in the Americas (specifically through a presentation of the city of Rio de Janeiro) – fostering an inclusive and just imaginary – based on the potential of the peripheries and insights from liberation theology. This potential of the periphery resists racist, authoritarian and exclusionary definitions of the periphery which are instinctively negative in the theological literature.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article presents a decolonial critique of the Thomist city. It draws on resources from theology, history and the social sciences and presents strategies for future reflection in urbanism (urban planning) and architecture.
Future(s) for the church on the corner: A proposed praxis of spatial justice for South African congregations
Authors: Powell Caroline J. 
Published: November 2024

South Africa, is a racially, economically and spatially divided nation, a legacy of our colonial and apartheid histories. Thirty years into democracy, discourse across all spheres of society around land, spatial and housing justice continues to provoke questions about the political and societal will for making access to land ownership and space for dignified, humane living an accessible reality for all who live in South Africa. All denominations are not and should not be separated from this discourse as they are an integral part of the colonial and apartheid land, spatial history and current reality of contestation. A study focusing on suburban churches in previous whites-only southern suburbs of the City of Cape Town was conducted in the few months before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdowns of 2020. An emancipatory approach explored the praxis of these churches in relationship to South Africa’s ongoing concern with land reform within the context of urban land (in)justice and put this into conversation with the questions of church-owned land and property usage. This article revisits the key findings of the study incorporating two key elements of a praxis-based approach: theological reflection and action towards transformation. The article connects the findings to the authors’ autoethnographic reflections and research on the unfolding praxis of (sub)urban churches during and post the COVID-19 pandemic. To conclude, South African churches are invited into an ongoing emancipatory approach to address the issues of urban land injustice, and embrace a praxis of spatial justice, which includes concrete steps towards creating faith-based ‘Just Housing’.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article presents a conversation on church and spatial histories, and current realities alongside emerging theologies that ’foster inclusive and just social imaginaries‘ and ’make room for utopic possibilities to play out‘.
Size and the good life: Tiny houses, social housing and the role of social imaginaries
Authors: Wabel Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Among the key figures of global housing inequality is the average living space per person. Thus, it comes as no surprise that during the past decade, tiny houses have become an attractive option for some who want to set an example in an affluent society of the global north: free-standing, two-storey building with a total floor space of less than 30 m2. At the same time, in many countries of the global south, people are confined to a similar floorspace – not out of choice but out of need. In bringing together these two very different contexts, I am arguing that from a perspective of capability justice, the concept of home is more than just the need for shelter. In order to enable people to participate in societal life, housing solutions require processes of urban transformation, as well as careful planning and design for social housing. Even in a situation of hardship, living in a small-scale house can be a step towards a realisation of concepts of the good life within the given circumstances. Taking up Charles Taylor’s concept of social imaginaries and presenting architectural examples from the Mexican context (Apan housing laboratory and work done by Tatiana Bilbao), I am drawing some unlikely parallels between the effects that tiny houses, on the one hand, and suggestions for social housing, on the other hand, might have within their respective societies. In this, the concept of social imaginaries helps to see parallels between architecture as a medium of the social and the role of religion.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article argues that in questions of housing justice, architectural solutions can fruitfully supplement considerations of justice.
A study of psoriasiform and lichenoid tissue reactions in various papulosquamous skin diseases and their clinicopathological association
Authors: Sabhlok Aishwary , Choudhary Vivek , Singhal Rochit , Rathoriya Shyam Govind , Ali Manal Ashraf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Due to their overlapping clinical and histopathological features, the definitive diagnosis of papulosquamous skin diseases can only be made through clinicohistopathological association.

Methods:
Over a period of 18 months, we studied 100 patients with clinically suspected non-infectious papulosquamous skin lesions. Diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological examination using haematoxylin and eosin stain. The clinical pattern was associated with histopathological findings.

Results:
The results showed that the majority of the patients were in the age group of 21–30 years, with a male preponderance. The upper limbs were the most frequently involved site. Psoriasis was the most common papulosquamous skin disease, followed by lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis rubra pilaris, lichen nitidus, pityriasis lichenoides, lichen striatus and parapsoriasis. Psoriasiform reaction was found to be more common than lichenoid tissue reaction. The study demonstrated a positive clinicohistopathological association in 86% of cases.

Conclusions:
Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis in 86% of cases, provided the diagnosis in 6% of cases and was non-contributory in 8% of cases.
Clinical and radiological outcome of three treatment modalities for fracture clavicle: A comparative prospective study
Authors: Kumar Kamal , Kapila Rajesh , Singh Raminder , Chaudhary Priti 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
The present treatment trend for fracture clavicle is fast changing from conservative treatment previously and is having a paradigm shift towards open reduction and internal fixation with a plate/intramedullary (IM) fixation.

Methods:
Ninety patients between 30 and 60 years of age with fresh closed, displaced midshaft clavicular fracture and fit for surgery were randomised to receive either conservative (non-operative) treatment (n = 30) or primary open reduction and plate fixation or IM fixation (n = 30).

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 32.5 years. Union at the fracture site in nailing clavicle in <12 weeks was evident in 80% patients (66.6% and 53.3% in plating and conservative method). The complication rate was maximum in the conservative method (63.3%), followed by plating (36.6%) and least in nailing clavicle (29%). The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score at 1 year was the best in nailing (n = 8), followed by plating (n = 12) and then the conservative method (n = 27). The Constant–Murley score at 1 year was also the best in nailing (nailing 94.5 [excellent], plating 92.7 [excellent] and conservative 70 [good]).

Conclusions:
The titanium elastic nailing system provides stable fixation, faster union and better functional outcomes in patients with fracture of the clavicle.
Comparison of two methods for the measurement of serum bicarbonate
Authors: Thej M. Keerthi , Thota Silpa , Arslan Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Accurate bicarbonate measurement is critical in diagnosing acid–base disorders, particularly in critically ill patients. This study compared serum bicarbonate levels measured by enzymatic and direct ion selective electrode (ISE) methods to assess their agreement. Thirty-three patient samples were analysed at the Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India. Bicarbonate levels were measured using the Beckman Coulter AU480 analyser (enzymatic method) and the Sensa Core ST-200 Aqua analyser (direct ISE method). Both methods demonstrated good precision, with imprecision values under 2% and biases within acceptable limits. The Bland–Altman analysis showed limits of agreement between −2.9 and 4.5 mmol/L, with a mean bias of 0.8 mmol/L, indicating method agreement. Passing–Bablok regression revealed a minor systematic error in the ISE method, with an (intercept 1.75, slope 0.9406), indicating slight underestimation by ISE compared to the enzymatic method. While both methods are comparable and can be used interchangeably in laboratory settings, caution is recommended in critical care. Larger studies are necessary to confirm comparability across wider ranges, supporting redundancy and result interpretation in larger laboratories.
Comparative Study of MRI and Ultrasound in Diagnosing Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Tumours
Authors: Rai Nisha , Ranjan Rajeev K. , Xalxo Anima R. , Toppo Suresh K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Musculoskeletal soft tissue tumors represent a complex category of neoplasms with varied biological behavior and prognosis. Accurate diagnosis and characterization of these tumors are essential for appropriate management. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ultrasound (US) are commonly employed imaging modalities for evaluating soft tissue masses.

Materials and Methods:
This comparative study included 100 patients with clinically suspected musculoskeletal soft tissue tumors. Patients underwent both MRI and Ultrasound evaluations. The imaging findings were compared with histopathological results, which served as the gold standard. Diagnostic parameters including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for both MRI and Ultrasound.

Results:
Out of 100 patients, 70 cases were diagnosed as malignant and 30 as benign on histopathology. MRI correctly identified 68 malignant and 28 benign cases, with a sensitivity of 97.1%, specificity of 93.3%, PPV of 95.8%, and NPV of 96.6%. Ultrasound accurately diagnosed 60 malignant and 25 benign cases, with a sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 83.3%, PPV of 90.9%, and NPV of 76.9%. MRI demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy compared to Ultrasound, particularly in identifying malignancies.

Conclusion:
MRI is a more reliable imaging modality compared to Ultrasound for diagnosing musculoskeletal soft tissue tumors, particularly in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. The higher sensitivity and specificity of MRI suggest its preference as the first-line imaging technique in clinical practice for these conditions.
A Comparative Study between Preoperative Computed Tomography and Intraoperative Ossicular Chain Status in Patients of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at RIMS, Ranchi
Authors: Kujur Nishant Abhishek , Sinha Binod Kumar , Murmu Indira Margret , Karmbir  , Tudu Manuwel , Ranjan Rajeev Kumar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a persistent middle ear infection often leading to conductive hearing loss due to ossicular chain damage. Accurate preoperative assessment using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is crucial for surgical planning. This study compares preoperative HRCT findings with intraoperative ossicular chain status in CSOM patients.

Aims and Objectives:
To evaluate the correlation between preoperative computed tomography scans and intraoperative ossicular chain status in CSOM patients.

Methodology:
The study included 60 CSOM patients aged 12 to 60 years attending the ENT department at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi. Preoperative HRCT was performed, and intraoperative findings were compared. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 17.0.

Results:
Ossicular erosion was observed in 61.7% of cases, predominantly affecting the incus. HRCT showed high sensitivity and specificity in detecting ossicular chain damage, aligning with intraoperative findings.

Conclusion:
HRCT provides valuable preoperative insights but should complement intraoperative assessment. Combining both approaches ensures accurate diagnosis and effective management of CSOM.
The Effect of Smoking on SIRT3 and Selected Biochemical Variables in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Majeed Noor Abdulsatar , Hassin Mohammed Bahry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Smoking, a prevalent and detrimental habit, has long been recognized as a major risk factor for various health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and various cancers.

Objectives:
This study aimed to examine the impact of smoking on sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial sirtuin, and selected biochemical variables in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted, comprising 100 PD patients and a control group, with both groups further divided into smokers and non-smokers. Blood samples were collected to measure SIRT3 levels and assess various biochemical markers, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotrophic factors. Additionally, disease severity and motor function were evaluated using standardized clinical scales.

Results:
The results revealed a significant decrease in SIRT3 levels in smokers compared to non-smokers (P ≤ 0.05), suggesting a potential link between smoking and mitochondrial dysfunction in PD. Moreover, biochemical analyzes demonstrated higher levels of oxidative stress markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the smoking group, indicating an exacerbation of neuroinflammation and oxidative damage in PD patients who smoke. Interestingly, the study found no significant differences in disease severity and motor function between the two groups.

Conclusion:
The observed alterations in biochemical variables suggest that smoking may contribute to the dysregulation of essential cellular processes in PD pathogenesis.
The Association between Antiphospholipid and Coagulation in Pregnant Women with Blood Clotting
Authors: Awad Dabah Dakil , Saeed Iktefa Abdul Hameed Mohammed , Jasim Maha El. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Antiphospholipid syndrome is a systemic hematological autoimmune disease characterized by a hypercoagulable state, which is associated with vascular thrombosis and/or obstetric morbidity characterized by miscarriage, fetal death, and/or premature birth.

Objective:
This research study aimed to estimate anticardiolipin [ACL; immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM] and lupus anticoagulant (LA) in pregnant women who have blood clots or who have previously miscarried and fetal intrauterine mortality.

Materials and Methods:
This study included 90 women, 60 of whom were pregnant women who had blood clots or had previously miscarried, as well as 30 nonpregnant women as a control group, aged from 20 to 41 years, from October 2022 to April 2023. The patients were referred to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at a Teaching Hospital, Salahuddin. LA, ACL IgM, and ACL IgG were detected in serum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
This study found that pregnant women have higher ACL IgM and IgG levels than nonpregnant women. The mean concentration (mean ±standard error) for ACL IgM was 23.43 ± 1.4, whereas ACL IgG was 33.11 ± 1.28, which is in contrast with the control group of ACL IgM (2.99 ± 0.22) and ACL IgG (3.51 ± 0.29). The differences were statistically significant (P = 0.0001). A significant increase in LA in pregnant women was 37.77 ± 1.14, whereas the control group had a lower mean amount of LA was 334.42 ± 1.05. Statistically significant differences were observed (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:
Elevated levels of ACL and LA are the main cause of spontaneous recurrent abortions in women.
Role of Age and Sex on the Incidence of Leukemia in a Sample of Iraqi Patients
Authors: AL-Saidi Dahlia N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Leukemia accounts for 8% of the total cancers in the population and is known as the world’s fifth most common type. Leukemia is not just a pediatric disease as most people assume. The disease consists of four main types and several sub-types, and only some are more common among children. Leukemic cells affect the other types of blood cells produced by the bone marrow, including red blood cells and platelets. Leukemia is typically caused by certain genetic defects that cannot be changed.

Objectives:
To find if there is a correlation between sex and age with the incidence of leukemia. However, the majority of epidemiologic studies have shown links between leukemia incidence and potential risk factors, including ionizing radiation exposure and chemicals. They have also shown that some of these factors, like smoking, infections, and family history of cancer, are simply modifiable. Understanding pertinent risk factors may therefore be important for leukemia prevention and mitigation.

Materials and Methods:
The current study was conducted on 100 patients with leukemia of all kinds, who visited Baghdad Teaching Hospital in the Medical City complex in Bagdad, Iraq, from January to September 2022. The diagnosis was confirmed based on bone marrow aspiration, blood film, flow cytometry analysis of cells, and genetic analysis using PCR.

Results:
In the current study, the results showed that acute lymphocytic leukemia has the high-test prevalence (42%) among cases followed by acute myelogenous leukemia (30%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (9%), chronic myelogenous leukemia (7%), hairy cell leukemia (5%), natural killer cell leukemia (4%), and mast cell leukemia (3%). There was a significant association between sex and leukemia incidence (P = 0.009). Also, there was a significant correlation between age and the incidence of leukemia (P = 0.013).

Conclusion:
There is a correlation between sex and age with the incidence of leukemia.
Detection of Viruses in Dentin Caries and Necrotic Pulp Caries Using ELISA Technique in Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Shehab Enas Yaseen , AlTaie Anmar A. , Abdullah Basima A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that can affect human teeth, and viruses play a hidden role in forming caries cavities and dental plaque.

Objectives:
This study attempted to assess the detection of the role of some viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type1 (HSV-1), and human papillomavirus (HPV) using the ELISA technique to detect the presence of viral antigens from three samples (dentine caries, necrotic pulp, and saliva) and to assess the relation between the presence of viruses and gender and age.

Materials and Methods:
From March 2022 to October 2022, samples were collected from 90 patients which were divided into three age groups, such as >20 years, 21–40 years, and ˂41 years, at the Dental Teaching Hospital of the University of Mosul. These patients represented both genders (45 men and 45 women).

Results:
The results indicated that the prevalence of HSV-1 was 66.6%, CMV was 68.8%, EBV was 86.6%, and HPV was 16.0% out of 90. The percentages of these viruses HSV-1, CMV, and EBV were higher in females than in males at 60.2%, 58.1%, and 43.4%, respectively, especially in the age group 21–40 years, with dominant of HSV-1 at 50%. Many studies focus on the role of bacteria in different types of dental caries, while the hidden role of viruses is excluded. Viruses play an important role in forming dental biofilm, and failed therapy may be due to viral infection.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that viruses in this study were detected in higher numbers in dentine caries, necrotic pulp, and saliva by ELISA technique, except human papillomavirus 16, which did not give any result.