bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of interventions for health care students to develop positive attitude toward the elderly: A meta‐analysis study
Authors: Başer Gülfidan , Hisar Filiz 
Published: November 2024

AimThe rise in the elderly population all over the world has led to an increase in the health care needs of elderly individuals. Thus, health care professionals need programs to help them develop positive attitudes toward the elderly during their education process. This study aims to explore the effect of interventions that encourage health care students to develop positive attitudes toward the elderly.MethodsIn this research utilizing the meta‐analysis method, searches were conducted across eight databases. Following the screening process, a total of 14 101 studies were retrieved, of which 13 were ultimately included in the meta‐analysis.ResultsFollowing the meta‐analysis, the effect size of interventions for positive attitude development toward the elderly was found to be statistically significant at 0.422 (95% confidence interval, 0.013–0.830; P = 0.043).ConclusionThirteen studies in which the effect of interventions for positive attitude development toward the elderly was examined revealed that the effect was moderately in favor of the experimental group. Although there are a large number of studies in the literature that aim to develop positive attitudes toward the elderly, well‐designed studies with high methodological quality are needed to obtain high level evidence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1370–1379.
Blood pressure variability associated with falls in nursing home residents
Authors: Soultan El Hassan , Hara Anjandeep , Knutson Peter , Holzwarth Elizabeth , Klug Marilyn , Basson Marc D , Dahl Lindsey , McGrath Ryan , Manocha Gunjan , Jurivich Donald A 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundHigh variations in serially measured blood pressures (BPs) portend a variety of adverse clinical events including dementia, cardiovascular sequelae and frailty. In this study, systolic blood pressure variability (BPV) was examined for its association with fall frequency and time to next fall among older adults living in nursing homes.MethodsBP values and falls over time were extracted from medical records of nursing home residents aged ≥65 years over a 10‐month period. BPV was measured as the standard deviation of 17 to 20 systolic values, and its correlation with falls and time to next fall were evaluated according to quartile values.ResultsOne hundred patient charts were analyzed with nearly 2000 BP data points. All older adults had at least one fall incident. Higher BPV was related to more falls, shorter time between the first and second fall and fewer average days between falls. Subgroups of high BP and different diagnoses affected this association between BPV and falls.ConclusionsPeople who fall often show a high variability in BP; as the number of falls increases, the BPV also increases. This study suggests that BPV may be marker for patients who might benefit from more aggressive application of fall reduction strategies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 1315–1319.
Efficacy of Bismuth Quadruple Therapy in the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori‐Infected Peptic Ulcer Children in Vietnam
Authors: Do Thi Minh Phuong , Tran Thi Huyen Trang , Nguyen Van Tinh , Chu Thi Phuong Mai , Nguyen Loi , Nguyen Kim Thanh , Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc , Phuong Anh Le Huu , Yamaoka Yoshio , Olson Linus , Nguyen Thi Viet Ha 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe continuous increase in drug‐resistant strains, the lack of novel antibiotics, and the fewer options available to combat antibiotic‐resistant infections in pediatrics pose significant challenges to the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in children. This study evaluated the efficacy of first‐line therapy with bismuth quadruple therapy in H. pylori‐positive pediatric patients with peptic ulcers.Materials and Methods136 patients (aged between 8 and 17 years) diagnosed with active peptic ulcers with H. pylori infection were enrolled in this study. Patients with H. pylori strain sensitive to tetracycline and metronidazole were assigned to bismuth quadruple therapy, including a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole. Antibiotic resistance of H. pylori was analyzed by the Epsilometer test. Treatment efficacy was evaluated at 12 weeks based on H. pylori eradication and peptic ulcer healing rates. H. pylori infection status was evaluated by a 13C‐urea breath test.ResultsMost isolates showed extremely high rates of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics used for children, including clarithromycin (97.0%) and amoxicillin (84.6%), while the low rate of resistance to levofloxacin (16.2%). The overall success rate of eradication therapy in the intention‐to‐treat and the per‐protocol group were 86.0% and 89.3%, respectively. Peptic ulcer healing rates for total patients at 6 weeks and 12 weeks were 75.0% and 97.7%, respectively. There were no entail unpleasant adverse events, and peptic ulcer symptoms decreased steadily over time in all cases.ConclusionsThe bismuth quadruple therapy with a 2‐week PPI pretreatment and followed by prolonged PPI was highly successful in eradicating H. pylori infection and healing ulcers in pediatric patients with active peptic ulcer. This might be preferable as a first‐line empiric treatment regimen for H. pylori‐positive pediatric patients with peptic ulcers, especially in populations with high rates of resistance to amoxicillin and clarithromycin.
Effect of gradation on thermal and mechanical properties of reaction‐bonded silicon carbide ceramics
Authors: Liu Ruibin , Chen Yuhong , Chen Zhengxiang , Hai Wanxiu , Liu Meiling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractParticle grading is a reliable method to improve mechanical properties of reaction‐bonded silicon carbide (RBSC) ceramics. This work aims to explore the effects of particle grading on thermal and mechanical characteristics of RBSC ceramics. Results showed that the powder grading enabled to increase sintering density of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics. The use of large particle SiC powder in grading led to a 28% increase in thermal conductivity but a 22% decrease in bending strength. Meanwhile, the addition of finer SiC powder exerted minimal effect on thermal conductivity but noticeably increased bending strength by 10%. Therefore, properly adjusting particle size in grading allows for the control of residual Si content and microstructure, thereby simultaneously increasing thermal conductivity and bending strength of the material.
Comparative demography of two wild cladoceran species, Alona quadrangularis and Scapholeberis mucronata, collected in western Washington state and reared under laboratory conditions
Authors: Driessnack Melissa K. , McIntyre Jenifer , Stark John D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPopulations of two cladoceran species, Alona quadrangularis and Scapholeberis mucronata, were collected from a pond in Puyallup, Washington, and reared under controlled laboratory conditions. Life tables were developed for each species under the same environmental conditions and feeding regimen to develop basic demographic data. We also compared the major demographic parameters of these two wild species with those of several cladoceran species that are commonly used in laboratory research, Daphnia pulex, D. magna, and Ceriodaphnia dubia. Compared to A. quadrangularis, S. mucronata had a much higher net reproductive rate (R0), a longer generation time (T), but a similar intrinsic rate of increase (rm), similar finite rate of increase, similar doubling time (DT), and a lower birth rate (b). Both wild species had lower R0, shorter T, and higher b than in D. pulex, D. magna, and C. dubia. Results of this study showed that demographic rates differed between A. quadrangularis and S. mucronata, and differed from those reported for the other three laboratory species. These results suggest that data developed for commonly used cladoceran species in the laboratory should not be used to make generalizations about effects on wild species.
Feeding strategies and habits of the coral guard‐crab Trapezia bidentata
Authors: Rodríguez‐Troncoso Alma Paola , Bautista‐Guerrero Eric , Canizales‐Flores Hazel María , González‐Castillo Adrián , Cupul‐Magaña Amilcar Leví 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe crab Trapezia bidentata is a conspicuous crustacean characterized as an obligate symbiont with branching corals, such as species of Pocillopora. These crustaceans have been identified as strict corallivores with a feeding dependency on the mucus excreted by adult colonies in the genus Pocillopora. However, like other crustaceans, individuals of T. bidentata have a nutritional plasticity that has not been described. We used an integrative approach, including traditional taxonomy and high‐throughput sequencing of hypervariable region V9 of the 18S rRNA gene, to describe the mouthparts and the diet of individuals of Trapezia bidentata associated with adult colonies of Pocillopora verrucosa. The presence of setae on the ambulatory dactylus and maxillipeds, forming food brushes and combs, was evident. Sequencing and analyses of the intestinal content of the crustaceans found evidence of 18 phyla, mostly represented by Brachiopoda (28.1%), Arthropoda (31.7%), and Cnidaria (21.1%), but also small contributions (≤2%) of other animal groups such as Mollusca, Annelida, and Tunicata. In addition, a few traces (≤0.5%) of algae and fungi were identified. The feeding structures and intestinal content showed that individuals of T. bidentata are omnivorous and behave as suspension feeders and scrapers, obtaining nourishment from tissues transported in the water column and in the mucus and tissue of P. verrucosa. The results provide a clearer characterization of the role of T. bidentata, which is a crucial guard crustacean associated with P. verrucosa. We found both corallivorous and suspension‐feeding habits, which demonstrates feeding plasticity, a positive characteristic for the survival of the species.
An innovative approach to study the influence of microstructure on thermal shock resistance of porous ceramics
Authors: Cui Jinping , Guan Kang , Rao Pinggen , Zeng Qingfeng , Liu Jiantao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPorosity is a critical microstructural factor in ceramic materials, influencing their mechanical and thermal properties. However, the detailed mechanisms through which porosity, grain size, and grain boundary fracture energy affect the thermal shock resistance of porous ceramics are still not fully understood. This study introduces a dual‐scale model that integrates these microstructural parameters to predict fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance. Using the single‐edge V‐notch fracture toughness testing principle, we calculate the thermal stress intensity factor and establish its relationship with temperature differentials. The critical temperature differential, which marks the onset of thermal shock damage, is determined when the thermal stress intensity factor reaches the fracture toughness threshold. The model reveals a significant interplay between porosity, grain size, and grain boundary fracture energy, with fine‐grained ceramics (grain size < 10 µm) showing a sharp decrease in fracture toughness as porosity increases, while coarser‐grained ceramics are less affected by porosity. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the microstructural optimization needed to enhance the thermal shock resistance of high‐performance porous ceramics.
Intraoral scanning for implant‐supported complete‐arch fixed dental prostheses (ISCFDPs): Four clinical reports
Authors: Nagai Toshiki , Liu Weiqing , Yang Chao‐Chieh , Polido Waldemar D. , Morton Dean , Lin Wei‐Shao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough there are difficulties with using intraoral scans for implant‐supported complete‐arch fixed dental prostheses (ISCFDPs), several commercially available systems have become helpful in simplifying the treatment process in the prosthetic phase. These systems help patients move from interim ISCFDPs to receiving definitive prostheses in just three clinical visits. This clinical report summarizes the indications, benefits, and limitations of the four systems. The information provided in this report about the digital prosthetic workflow of ISCFDPs aims to help clinicians make well‐informed choices and improve treatment results. With digital technologies advancing, refining these tools and protocols, and validating research is crucial for continued evolution in the field.
Primary School Pupils' Perceptions and Experiences of Wearable Technologies
Authors: Wort Georgina K , Wiltshire Gareth , Sebire Simon , Peacock Oliver , Thompson Dylan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWearable technologies offer new opportunities to address in‐school physical inactivity. However, children are often excluded from discussing issues which directly impact them, including the use of wearable technologies in a school setting. Thus, the aim of this study is to understand primary school pupils' experiences and perceptions of using wearable physical activity monitoring technologies within schools.METHODSNine semi‐structured focus groups were conducted with 41 Year 5 and 6 pupils (19 girls, 22 boys) from 5 primary schools in the South West of England. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using a reflective thematic approach.RESULTSPupils made valuable contributions to discussions around wearable technologies, considering both advantages and disadvantages. Most importantly, when discussing use in schools, pupils were mindful that while they wanted to see their own activity and saw benefit in teachers knowing their activity, they felt comparisons in classes could lead to negative emotions for some pupils.CONCLUSIONThe findings from this study can contribute to a more detailed understanding of pupils' perspectives, which can help inform school‐based interventions which aim to address physical inactivity and associated inequalities. Instead of using wearable devices for individual pupil ownership, schools should access data‐insights with the intention of changing school practices.
Women's dietary diversity is associated with homestead production and market access: A cross‐sectional study in rural Rwanda
Authors: Dusingizimana Theogene , Nduwayezu Gilbert , Kjelqvist Tomas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDietary diversity has been widely used as a proxy indicator for micronutrient adequacy. In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), including Rwanda, women are at high risk of inadequate micronutrient intake resulting from poorly diversified diets. This study was conducted to examine the factors associated with women's dietary diversity, with emphasis on homestead production diversity and market access in the Northern Province of Rwanda. A cross‐sectional design was used, involving 606 women aged 18–49 years. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between various factors and women's dietary diversity. Results show that 84% of the sample households raised at least one livestock species. Seventy‐one percent of the households had no agricultural land. Eighty percent of those without land had a homestead garden on which they grew food crops, mainly vegetables and fruit trees. The average crop species was 2.3. On average, women consumed 3 out of 9 food groups. The homestead production diversity score was positively associated with women's dietary diversity score (β = 0.16, p < 0.001). Women's dietary diversity score was negatively associated with distance from the household to the nearest market (β = −0.08, p = 0.027) and household food insecurity (β = −0.06, p < 0.001). Maternal education (p < 0.001), household wealth index (p < 0.05), and ownership of more than 2.5 acres compared to being without land (p < 0.05) were associated with women's dietary diversity score. The dietary diversity of women could be enhanced through interventions that promote the diversity of livestock and crop species produced through homestead production. Potential interventions to explore may include integrated farming systems that combine small livestock and crop production utilising improved livestock breeds and high‐quality seeds and planting materials of high‐yielding varieties of fruits and vegetables, along with rainwater harvesting to facilitate small‐scale irrigation. The impact of such interventions on women's dietary diversity can be further reinforced by parallel programmes aimed at improving women's education and the socioeconomic status of households.
StCDF1: A ‘jack of all trades’ clock output with a central role in regulating potato nitrate reduction activity
Authors: Shaikh Maroof Ahmed , Ramírez‐Gonzales Lorena , Franco‐Zorrilla José M. , Steiner Evyatar , Oortwijn Marian , Bachem Christian W. B. , Prat Salomé 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Transcription factors of the CYCLING DOF FACTOR (CDF) family activate in potato the SP6A FT tuberization signal in leaves. In modern cultivars, truncated StCDF1.2 alleles override strict SD control by stabilizing the StCDF1 protein, which leads to StCOL1 suppression and impaired activation of the antagonic SP5G paralog.
By using DAP‐seq and RNA‐seq studies, we here show that StCDF1 not only acts as an upstream regulator of the day length pathway but also directly regulates several N assimilation and transport genes.
StCDF1 directly represses expression of NITRATE REDUCTASE (NR/NIA), which catalyses the first reduction step in nitrate assimilation, and is encoded by a single potato locus. StCDF1 knock‐down lines performed better in N‐limiting conditions, and this phenotype correlated with derepressed StNR expression. Also, deletion of the StNR DAP‐seq region abolished repression by StCDF1, while it did not affect NLP7‐dependent activation of the StNR promoter.
We identified multiple nucleotide polymorphisms in the DAP‐seq region in potato cultivars with early StCDF1 alleles, suggesting that this genetic variation was selected as compensatory mechanism to the negative impact of StCDF1 stabilization. Thereby, directed modification of the StCDF1‐recognition elements emerges as a promising strategy to enhance limiting StNR activity in potato.
From synthetic communities to synthetic ecosystems: exploring causalities in plant–microbe–environment interactions
Authors: Chesneau Guillaume , Herpell Johannes , Garrido‐Oter Rubén , Hacquard Stéphane 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThe plant microbiota research field has rapidly shifted from efforts aimed at gaining a descriptive understanding of microbiota composition to a focus on acquiring mechanistic insights into microbiota functions and assembly rules. This evolution was driven by our ability to establish comprehensive collections of plant‐associated microbes and to reconstruct meaningful microbial synthetic communities (SynComs). We argue that this powerful deconstruction–reconstruction strategy can be used to reconstitute increasingly complex synthetic ecosystems (SynEcos) and mechanistically understand high‐level biological organization. The transitioning from simple to more advanced, fully tractable and programmable gnotobiotic SynEcos is ongoing and aims at rationally simplifying natural ecosystems by engineering them. Such reconstitution ecology approaches represent an untapped strategy for bridging the gap between ecology and functional biology and for unraveling plant–microbiota–environment mechanisms that modulate ecosystem health, assembly, and functioning.
Refractive development II: Modelling normal and myopic eye growth
Authors: Rozema Jos J. , Farzanfar Arezoo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeDuring refractive development, eye growth is controlled by a combination of genetically pre‐programmed processes and retinal feedback to minimise the refractive error. This work presents a basic differential model of how this process may take place.MethodsThe description starts from two bi‐exponential descriptions of the axial power Pax (or dioptric distance) and total refractive power Peye, the difference between which corresponds with the spherical refractive error S. This description is rewritten as an ordinary differential equation and supplemented by a retinal feedback function that combines retinal blur (closed loop) with a term describing excessive axial growth (open loop). This model is controlled by a total of 18 parameters that allow for a wide variety of developmental behaviours.ResultsThe proposed model reproduces refractive development growth curves found in the literature for both healthy and myopic eyes. An early onset of myopisation, a large growth term and a high minimum for the crystalline lens power all lead to higher degrees of myopia. Assigning more importance to the feedback than to the pre‐programmed growth makes the model more sensitive to myopogenic influences. Applying refractive corrections to the model, undercorrection is found to produce more myopia. The model compensates for a low‐powered imposed lens and can return to (near) emmetropia if that imposed lens is removed quickly thereafter. Finally, simulating the effect of a diffuser leads to high myopia.ConclusionUsing a series of basic assumptions, the proposed model recreates many well‐known experimental and clinical results about refractive development from the literature while placing them in a standardised context. This contributes to a broader understanding of the origins of refractive errors, and future versions may help in the development of solutions for myopia control.
Wheat TaPYL9‐involved signalling pathway impacts plant drought response through regulating distinct osmotic stress‐associated physiological indices
Authors: Zhang Yanyang , Zhao Yingjia , Hou Xiaoyang , Zhang Chunlin , Wang Ziyi , Zhang Jiaqi , Liu Xianchang , Shi Xinxin , Duan Wanrong , Xiao Kai 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThe abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway plays a crucial role in plants’ response to drought stress. In this study, we aimed to characterize the impact of an ABA signalling module, which consisted of TaPYL9 and its downstream partners in Triticum aestivum, on plant drought adaptation. Our results showed that TaPYL9 protein contains conserved motifs and targets plasma membrane and nucleus after being sorted by the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, TaPYL9 transcripts in both roots and leaves were significantly upregulated in response to drought stress. We conducted glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical staining analysis for transgenic plants carrying a truncated TaPYL9 promoter, which suggested that cis‐elements associate with ABA and drought response, such as ABRE, DRE and recognition sites MYB and MYC, regulating the gene transcription under drought conditions. Using protein interaction assays (i.e., yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) and in vitro pull‐down), we demonstrated interactions between the intermediate segment of TaPYL9, the intermediate segment of TaPP2C6, the N‐terminus of TaSnRK2.8 and the C‐terminus of the transcription factor TabZIP1 in wheat, indicating the involvement of TaPYL9 in the constitution of an ABA signalling module, namely TaPYL9/TaPP2C6/TaSnRK2.8/TabZIP1. Transgene analysis revealed that TaPYL9, TaSnRK2.8 and TabZIP1 positively regulated drought response, while TaPP2C6 negatively regulated it, and that these genes were closely associated with the regulation of stomata movement, osmolyte accumulation and ROS homeostasis. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and transcriptioal activation assays indicated that TabZIP1 interacted promoters of TaP5CS2, TaSLAC1‐1 and TaCAT2 and activated transcription of these genes, which regulated proline biosynthesis, stomata movement and ROS scavenging upon drought signalling, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the transcripts of TaPYL9 and stress‐responsive genes were positively correlated with yields in wheat cultivars under field drought conditions. Altogether, our findings suggest that the TaPYL9‐involved signalling pathway significantly regulates drought response by modulating osmotic stress‐associated physiological processes in T. aestivum.