bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vinyl Triflimides—A Case of Assisted Vinyl Cation Formation
Authors: Schroeder Sebastian , Strauch Christina , Gaelings Niklas , Niggemann Meike 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new concept for selectivity control in carbocation‐driven reactions has been identified which allows for the chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective addition of nucleophiles to alkynes—assisted vinyl cation formation—enabled by a Li+‐based supramolecular framework. Mechanistic analysis of a model complex (Li2NTf2+⋅3 H2O) confirms that solely the formation of a complex between the incoming nucleophile and the transition state of the alkyne protonation is responsible for the resulting selective N addition to the vinyl cation. Into the bargain, a general, operationally simple synthetic procedure to previously inaccessible vinyl triflimides is provided.
Effects of titanium silicalite and TiO2 nanocomposites on supported Co‐based catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Si Mengyao , Li Xin , Lv Jing 
Published: January 2019

Titanium silicalite (TS) and TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by mixing TS and TiO2 with different ratios in ethanol. They were impregnated with 15 wt% Co loading to afford Co‐based catalysts. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) performance of these TS–TiO2 nanocomposite‐supported Co‐based catalysts was studied in a fixed‐bed tubular reactor. The results reveal that the Co/TS–TiO2 catalysts have better catalytic performance than Co/TS or Co/TiO2 each with a single support, showing the synergistic effect of the binary TS–TiO2 support. Among the TS–TiO2 nanocomposite‐supported Co‐based catalysts, Co/TS–TiO2‐1 presents the highest activity. These catalysts were characterized using N2 adsorption–desorption measurements, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2 temperature‐programmed reduction, H2 temperature‐programmed desorption and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the position of the active component has a significant effect on the catalytic activity. In the TS–TiO2 nanocomposites, cobalt oxides located at the new pores developed between TS and TiO2 can exhibit better catalytic activity. Also, a positive relationship is observed between Co dispersion and FTS catalytic performance for all catalysts. The catalytic activity is improved on increasing the dispersion of Co.
A Phenomenographic Study of Swedish Nurse Anesthetists’ and OR Nurses’ Work Experiences
Authors: Nordström Anna , Wihlborg Monne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the complex OR environment, perioperative team members need to practice communication and teamwork to ensure safe, high‐quality care. A lack of collaboration among professionals in the OR during surgery results in inefficiency, increased tension, and suboptimal patient care. The purpose of this study was to determine how nurse anesthetists and OR nurses experienced their work in the OR. We used a qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach and conducted 12 interviews in two surgical departments in the southern part of Sweden. We identified four categories of description: team member approach, professional awareness, lifelong learning approach, and safety and the patient's interest. We found that the nurses’ work experiences in the OR were multifaceted and correlated with concepts of teamwork, safety, and communication.
The Effect of Barcode Technology Use on Pathology Specimen Labeling Errors
Authors: Yu Mei‐Hua , Lee Ting‐Ting , Mills Mary Etta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPathology specimen labeling errors occur for a variety of reasons. We investigated the use of barcode technology as a method to improve the accuracy of pathology specimen labeling and patient safety. We also assessed nurses’ perceptions of system quality, information quality, service quality, user satisfaction, and net benefits. Sixty‐eight perioperative nurses who work in a teaching hospital in Taiwan completed the survey. Nurses scored net benefits as highly contributing to their satisfaction, whereas system quality contributed most to dissatisfaction. Further, we analyzed pathology specimen records before and after implementing the barcode system and found that specimen management errors significantly decreased. The use of a reliable barcode system could improve specimen labeling accuracy and enhance nurses’ satisfaction with this technology.
Enhancing electrical conductivity and electrical stability of polypyrrole‐coated cotton fabrics via surface microdissolution
Authors: He Qingqing , Lv Jingchun , Xu Hong , Zhang Linping , Zhong Yi , Sui Xiaofeng , Wang Bijia , Chen Zhize , Mao Zhiping 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTHigh electrical conductivity and electrical stability play a significant role in building the component devices of wearable electronics textiles. In this study, an implementable and effective approach was established that involved successive steps of surface microdissolution and in situ polymerization of pyrrole on fabric surfaces. The cotton fabrics were pretreated using a NaOH/urea aqueous solution system at low temperature so as to add more adsorption sites to the surface and obtain a rough surface. Then more polypyrrole was firmly deposited on the surface of the cotton fabrics. The results showed that the treated fabrics had a lower surface resistance of 1.98 Ω/sq, and the value was almost unchanged after 10 washing cycles. The dry rubbing fastness degree of the treated fabrics can reach 4 grades, and good flexibility was maintained under different bending states. Higher electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the treated cotton fabrics (15.4–62.9 dB) at a frequency range from 1 to 3000 MHz and excellent ultraviolet protection performance could be obtained, which can provide a theoretical reference for the design and research of flexible wearable electrode materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47515.
Efficient preparation and characterization of paraffin‐based microcapsules by emulsion polymerization
Authors: Xu Dong , Yang Rui 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTMicroencapsulated phase‐change materials (MEPCMs) with paraffin as the core and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and PMMA copolymers as the shell were prepared by emulsion polymerization using redox initiators at low temperatures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical composition of MEPCMs. The thermal properties and thermal stabilities of MEPCMs were tested by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphologies and sizes of the microcapsules were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution analysis. The results indicated that the yield of microcapsules is as high as 96.2%, and the encapsulation efficiency of paraffin is nearly 100% when the paraffin content in MEPCM is 70%. The MEPCMs have good stability: the leakage ratios of MEPCMs can be less than 1% after 50 heating–cooling cycles. Therefore, the microencapsulation of paraffin using redox initiators has good production and application prospects. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47552.
Synergic enhancement of the anticorrosion properties of an epoxy coating by compositing with both graphene and halloysite nanotubes
Authors: Xu Huan‐Yan , Li Bo , Han Xu , Wang Yuan , Zhang Xiao‐Rui , Komarneni Sridhar 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to improve the corrosion resistance of metal surfaces with polymer coatings. Both graphene and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were introduced together into the epoxy resin coating for the enhanced barrier protection of the metallic surface. The anticorrosion behaviors of different coatings were comparatively evaluated by the potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and neutral salt spray (NSS) tests. The potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the coating containing 0.5 wt % HNTs and 0.8 wt % graphene (H05G08EP) together had the most positive corrosion potential and the minimum corrosion current density. The EIS results revealed that graphene endowed the composite coatings with excellent electrochemical performance for anticorrosive purposes. The NSS tests indicated that H05G08EP endured the longest NSS time. These results suggest that H05G08EP had the best corrosion resistance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47562.
Wenn Brücken die Antwort sind, wie lautet die Frage?
Authors: Knight Martin , Halaczek Bartlomiej 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDie Beteiligten an Planungsprozessen erkennen zunehmend die Notwendigkeit, die positiven Effekte unserer Infrastrukturprojekte frühzeitig zu vermitteln, aber auch die gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen von diesen zu erkennen und entsprechende Maßnahmen zu ergreifen. Es muss jedem Planer klar sein, dass, je größer ein Projekt ist, desto größer die Notwendigkeit ist, die Vorteile für die Bevölkerung und den gesellschaftlichen Mehrwert, die von diesem Projekt ausgehen, an die Bürger zu vermitteln. Diese Kommunikation muss aber deutlich über das bloße Abzählen quantifizierbarer Prognosen hinausgehen. Es müssen langfristige soziale, ökonomische und ökologische Vorteile aufgezeigt und im Dialog vermittelt werden.Ein solcher Ansatz, im Britischen „Stakeholder Management“ genannt, setzt auf einen exzellent durchgearbeiteten Entwurf, gepaart mit langfristig geplanter und gut durchdachter Informations‐ und Beteiligungskampagne für die Bürger. Dies klappt aber nur, wenn Zeichnungen, Bilder und allen voran die Sprache klar, verständlich und transparent sind. Die Aufgabe liegt darin, Vertrauen zum Bürger aufzubauen, dessen Respekt zu gewinnen und bestehende Ängste abzutragen. Im Gegensatz zu dem aktuell bestehenden Ansatz, sich auf die Klärung der Fragen „Was?“ und „Wie?“ zu konzentrieren, sollten bei der Vermittlung öffentlicher Projekte die ersten zwei Fragen lauten: „Warum?“ und „Wer?“.
Powerful testing via hierarchical linkage disequilibrium in haplotype association studies
Authors: Balliu Brunilda , Houwing‐Duistermaat Jeanine J. , Böhringer Stefan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMarginal tests based on individual SNPs are routinely used in genetic association studies. Studies have shown that haplotype‐based methods may provide more power in disease mapping than methods based on single markers when, for example, multiple disease‐susceptibility variants occur within the same gene. A limitation of haplotype‐based methods is that the number of parameters increases exponentially with the number of SNPs, inducing a commensurate increase in the degrees of freedom and weakening the power to detect associations. To address this limitation, we introduce a hierarchical linkage disequilibrium model for disease mapping, based on a reparametrization of the multinomial haplotype distribution, where every parameter corresponds to the cumulant of each possible subset of a set of loci. This hierarchy present in the parameters enables us to employ flexible testing strategies over a range of parameter sets: from standard single SNP analyses through the full haplotype distribution tests, reducing degrees of freedom and increasing the power to detect associations. We show via extensive simulations that our approach maintains the type I error at nominal level and has increased power under many realistic scenarios, as compared to single SNP and standard haplotype‐based studies. To evaluate the performance of our proposed methodology in real data, we analyze genome‐wide data from the Wellcome Trust Case‐Control Consortium.
A Designed Experiment: Polymorphism Analysis of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Gene from Human Buccal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Jiao Li , Xueli Li , Xiujuan Shi , Song Jia , Jie Xu , Lixia Lv , Wenzhuo Yang , Lei Xu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor medical students, we combine the laboratory practice with clinical applications by developing biochemical and molecular biology experiments. In this experiment, students first collect their own buccal epithelial cells by a noninvasive mouthwash method. Then, they extract genomic DNA and perform polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) gene using genomic DNA as a template. Finally, the polymorphism of ACE gene is observed by electrophoresis. Students not only learn the techniques but also acquire knowledge of the ACE gene polymorphism. By establishing the relationship among ACE polymorphism and high blood pressure and myocardial hypertrophy, students should be able to understand the gene polymorphism and its association with susceptibility to disease. This laboratory practice teaching can also stimulate desire to do scientific research. Experimental results from many individuals can help us determine and analyze the fractions of ACE gene types in Chinese cohorts. Such an experiment strongly activates students and provides a solid foundation for the medical students' future research and clinical application. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(2): 168–174, 2019.
Quantitative analysis of different batches of raw, wine‐processed, and vinegar‐processed Paeoniae Alba Radix using ultra‐performance convergence chromatography coupled with photo diode array detection
Authors: Yang Liu , Jiang Hai , Guo Xinyue , Hou Ajiao , Man Wenjing , Xing Xudong , Yan Meiling , Yang Bingyou , Wang Qiuhong , Kuang Haixue 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSupercritical fluid chromatography is a safe and ecofriendly analytical technique that has not been fully applied to the analysis of traditional Chinese medicine. This is the first study on the separation of six quality markers—paeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoyl paeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, gallic acid and benzoic acid—from raw, wine‐baked and vinegar‐baked Paeoniae Alba Radix (PAR) by Supercritical fluid chromatography. Optimum separation was achieved on an HSS C18 SB column (100 × 3.0 mm, 1.8 μm particles) with a gradient elution of high‐purity carbon dioxide as mobile phase A and methanol–acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) with 0.10% phosphoric acid as mobile phase B. The flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min for 15.0 min. The method was validated in terms of the overall intraday and interday precision, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.87–2.87 and 1.47–3.63%, respectively. The recoveries were 98.10–103.60% with an RSD of 1.00–3.40%. The stability of the RSD values was in the range 1.10–3.78%. The developed approach was successfully applied and provides a valuable reference for the quality assessment of PAR and processed PAR. The results also revealed that the standardization of processing technology is of great significance to the fluctuations in quality before and after the processing of traditional Chinese medicine.
Harnessing sustainable development from niche marketing and coopetition in social enterprises
Authors: Herbst Judith M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article reports on strategic practices within social enterprises to drive social, economic, and environmental value. Multiple case studies were conducted across diverse third sector organisations to examine how managers deploy commercial and social marketing activities to fulfil sustainable missions. Results showed social enterprises attract target audiences by engaging in inclusive forms of niche marketing. The organisations leverage relationships across their horizontal and vertical value chains to enhance their own resources and capabilities while advancing wider social and environmental interests. Deep collaboration between social enterprises and their stakeholders sometimes extends to forging alliances with competitors. This research contributes the first empirical evidence of how coopetition leads to competitive advantage in profit‐for‐purpose organisations, and it proposes a model to show how cocreation of shared value with actors across multilevels of interdependent systems paves the way for sustainable development outcomes to be achieved.
Explaining the procedural justice–perceived legitimacy relationship: Relying on relational concern or instrumental concern?
Authors: Liang Juan , Li Xiaona 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPeople can extract relational information (i.e., relational concern) as well as instrumental information (i.e., instrumental concern) from decision‐making procedures. Thus, both instrumental and relational concerns are assumed to influence the procedural justice–perceived legitimacy relationship. Drawing from social exchange theory, the different kinds of concerns may lead to form different exchange relationships (social exchange relationship vs. economic relationship), which can be indicated by two forms of trust (affect‐based trust vs. cognition‐based trust). We built a model of trust mediation in which procedural justice predicted affect‐based and cognition‐based trust. Further, we also tested the hypothesis that high (compared with low) group identification individuals are more likely to rely on relational concern to construct procedural justice and judge legitimacy of authority, because they use procedural fairness information to infer the quality of their relationships with the authority. The results of an experiment (Study 1) demonstrated that both affect‐based trust and cognition‐based trust mediated the procedural justice–perceived legitimacy relationship. Moreover, a field study (Study 2) showed that affect‐based trust mediated the relationship between procedural justice and perceived legitimacy primarily among individuals with high group identification whereas cognition‐based trust mediated this relationship primarily among those with low group identification.
Evolution of C‐Terminal Modification Tolerance in Full‐Length and Split T7 RNA Polymerase Biosensors
Authors: Pu Jinyue , Disare Michael , Dickinson Bryan C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractT7 RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a powerful protein scaffold for the construction of synthetic biology tools and biosensors. However, both T7 RNAP and its split variants are intolerant to C‐terminal modifications or fusions, thus placing a key limitation on their engineering and deployment. Here, we use rapid continuous‐evolution approaches to evolve both full‐length and split T7 RNAP variants that tolerate modified C termini and fusions to entire other proteins. Moreover, we show that the evolved split C‐terminal RNAP variants can function as small‐molecule biosensors, even in the context of large C‐terminal fusions. This work provides a panel of modified RNAP variants with robust activity and tolerance to C‐terminal fusions, and provides insights into the biophysical requirements of the C‐terminal carboxylic acid functional group of T7 RNAP.
Targeted Rediscovery and Biosynthesis of the Farnesyl‐Transferase Inhibitor Pepticinnamin E
Authors: Santa Maria Kevin C. , Chan Andrew N. , O'Neill Erinn M. , Li Bo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe natural product pepticinnamin E potently inhibits protein farnesyl transferases and has potential applications in treating cancer and malaria. Pepticinnamin E contains a rare N‐terminal cinnamoyl moiety as well as several nonproteinogenic amino acids, including the unusual 2‐chloro‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy‐N‐methyl‐L‐phenylalanine. The biosynthesis of pepticinnamin E has remained uncharacterized because its original producing strain is no longer available. Here we identified a gene cluster (pcm) for this natural product in a new producer, Actinobacteria bacterium OK006, by means of a targeted rediscovery strategy. We demonstrated that the pcm cluster is responsible for the biosynthesis of pepticinnamin E, a nonribosomal peptide/polyketide hybrid. We also characterized a key O‐methyltransferase that modifies 3,4‐dihydroxy‐l‐phenylalanine. Our work has identified the gene cluster for pepticinnamins for the first time and sets the stage for elucidating the unique chemistry required for biosynthesis.
Direct Coal Liquefaction Using Iron Carbonyl Powder Catalyst
Authors: Lokhat David , Carsky Milan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDirect coal liquefaction involves catalyzed interactions between molecular hydrogen and coal‐oil slurries at elevated pressure and temperature, typically in the presence of an iron‐based catalyst. Iron carbonyl powder as an alternative first‐stage catalyst was investigated. A series of experimental tests under mild liquefaction conditions were carried out with a high‐pressure batch reactor in order to compare the performance of the iron carbonyl precursor to the traditional superfine iron oxide catalyst. The carbonyl iron powder performed very well in terms of total conversion of coal as well as yield of coal oil product. The iron carbonyl powder acts as an effective precursor for the in situ generation of active iron sulfide. The simple kinetic models for coal liquefaction in the literature were found to be qualitatively consistent with the yields of preasphaltenes, asphaltenes, and oils obtained from the experiments.
The Mechanism of Sugar C−H Bond Oxidation by a Flavoprotein Oxidase Occurs by a Hydride Transfer Before Proton Abstraction
Authors: Wongnate Thanyaporn , Surawatanawong Panida , Chuaboon Litavadee , Lawan Narin , Chaiyen Pimchai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the reaction mechanism underlying the functionalization of C−H bonds by an enzymatic process is one of the most challenging issues in catalysis. Here, combined approaches using density functional theory (DFT) analysis and transient kinetics were employed to investigate the reaction mechanism of C−H bond oxidation in d‐glucose, catalyzed by the enzyme pyranose 2‐oxidase (P2O). Unlike the mechanisms that have been conventionally proposed, our findings show that the first step of the C−H bond oxidation reaction is a hydride transfer from the C2 position of d‐glucose to N5 of the flavin to generate a protonated ketone sugar intermediate. The proton is then transferred from the protonated ketone intermediate to a conserved residue, His548. The results show for the first time how specific interactions around the sugar binding site promote the hydride transfer and formation of the protonated ketone intermediate. The DFT results are also consistent with experimental results including the enthalpy of activation obtained from Eyring plots, as well as the results of kinetic isotope effect and site‐directed mutagenesis studies. The mechanistic model obtained from this work may also be relevant to other reactions of various flavoenzyme oxidases that are generally used as biocatalysts in biotechnology applications.