bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Free One‐Pot Tandem Multicomponent Synthesis of Triazolothiadiazinyl Coumarins and Their Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Vaarla Krishnaiah , Pavurala Sreenu , Arandkar Varun , Vedula Rajeswar Rao , Toopurani Murali Krishna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere, we report the synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity evaluation of a series of triazolo‐thiadiazinyl coumarin derivatives 4 (a–j) and 6 (a–j). The triazolo thiadiazinyl coumarins were synthesized in a facile tandem solvent free one‐pot multi component reaction approach by taking various aliphatic/ aromatic/ heterocyclic carboxylic acids 1 (a–c) and 5 (a&b), Thiocarbohydrazide (2) and substituted 3‐(2‐bromoacetyl)coumarins 3 (a–h). The newly synthesized molecules were confirmed on the basis of physical, analytical and single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The triazolo thiadiazinyl coumarins exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram positive, Gram negative and fungi microbial strains. Among the tested compounds, compounds 4 f (6‐Bromo), 4 g (6,8‐Dibromo), 6e (6,8‐Dichloro), 6 f (6‐Bromo) and 6 g (6,8‐Dibromo) exhibited potent antimicrobial activity at 25 μg / mL concentration against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains.
An Efficient Phosphotungstic Acid Catalysed Synthesis of 4,5‐Dioxopyrrolidines and Study of the Mechanistic Effect of the Solvent on the Reaction
Authors: Basu Soumyadip , Ghosh Tanushree , Maity Suvendu , Ghosh Prasanta , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the synthesis of dioxopyrrolidine scaffolds has been established using phosphotungstic acid as an effective catalyst in a multicomponent reaction of aromatic primary amines, dialkyl acetylene dicarboxylates and formaldehyde at room temperature in alcohol as a green solvent. In this methodology, the reactant solvent has an important part and is involved in the reaction mechanism to increase the versatility of the product. This protocol involves environment friendly, cost effective methodology with a comparatively simple reaction mechanism.
Theory of mind in animals: Current and future directions
Authors: Krupenye Christopher , Call Josep 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTheory of mind (ToM; a.k.a., mind‐reading, mentalizing, mental‐state attribution, and perspective‐taking) is the ability to ascribe mental states, such as desires and beliefs, to others, and it is central to the unique forms of communication, cooperation, and culture that define our species. As a result, for 40 years, researchers have endeavored to determine whether ToM is itself unique to humans. Investigations in other species (e.g., apes, monkeys, corvids) are essential to understand the mechanistic underpinnings and evolutionary origins of this capacity across taxa, including humans. We review the literature on ToM in nonhuman animals, suggesting that some species share foundational social cognitive mechanisms with humans. We focus principally on innovations of the last decade and pressing directions for future work. Underexplored types of social cognition have been targeted, including ascription of mental states, such as desires and beliefs, that require simultaneously representing one's own and another's conflicting motives or views of the world. Ongoing efforts probe the motivational facets of ToM, how flexibly animals can recruit social cognitive skills across cooperative and competitive settings, and appropriate motivational contexts for comparative inquiry. Finally, novel methodological and empirical approaches have brought new species (e.g., lemurs, dogs) into the lab, implemented critical controls to elucidate underlying mechanisms, and contributed powerful new techniques (e.g., looking‐time, eye‐tracking) that open the door to unexplored approaches for studying animal minds. These innovations in cognition, motivation, and method promise fruitful progress in the years to come, in understanding the nature and origin of ToM in humans and other species.This article is categorized under:Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of CognitionPsychology > Comparative PsychologyNeuroscience > Cognition
Predictive repair scheduling of wind turbine drive‐train components based on machine learning
Authors: Colone Lorenzo , Dimitrov Nikolay , Straub Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe devise a methodology to predict failures in wind turbine drive‐train components and quantify its utility. The methodology consists of two main steps. The first step is the set up of a predictive model for shutdown events, which is able to raise an alarm in advance of the fault‐induced shutdown. The model is trained on data for shutdown events retrieved from the alarm log of an offshore wind farm. Here, it is assumed that the timely prediction of low‐severity events, typically caused by abnormal component operation, allows for an intervention that can prevent premature component failures. The prediction models are based on statistical classification using only supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data. In the second step, the shutdown prediction model is combined with a cost model to provide an estimate of the benefits associated with implementing the predictive maintenance system. This is achieved by computing the maximum net utility attainable as a function of the model performance and efficiency of intervention carried out by the user. Results show that the system can be expected to be cost‐effective under specific conditions. A discussion about potential improvements of the approach is provided, along with suggestions for further research in this area.
Liquidity constraints, spillovers, and entrepreneurship: evidence from a cash transfer program
Authors: Ribas Rafael P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper exploits a liquidity shock from a welfare program in Brazil to investigate the role of financial constraints, in opposition to general equilibrium mechanisms, in explaining entrepreneurship. Previous research focuses exclusively on how liquidity changes recipients’ behavior through direct effects on reducing constraints. However, liquidity shocks may also produce spillovers from recipients to others and thereby indirectly affect entrepreneurial decisions. This paper presents a method for decomposing the liquidity shock into direct effects associated with relieving individual constraints, and indirect effects associated with spillovers to other individuals. Results suggest that the program, which assists 20 percent of Brazilian households, increased the number of small entrepreneurs by 10 percent. However, this increase is entirely driven by the indirect effect. Further tests suggest that this effect is associated with an increase in private transfers between households. Thus, entrepreneurship tends to respond more to the interaction between households than to financial constraints.
Fusion or hypertrophy?: the unusual arms of the Petalocrinidae (Ordovician-Devonian: Crinoidea)
Authors: Ausich William I. , Mao Yingyan , Li Yue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing polarized light microscopy, the large, triangular or cylindrical second brachial plate of the Petalocrinidae is demonstrated to be a compound brachial formed through fusion of brachial plates along the distal margin of the growing arms. Based on the number of ambulacral bifurcations, brachials from the primibrachitaxis through at least the quintibrachitaxis may have been fused to form this large plate. In Petalocrinus, fused brachials form a second brachial that assumed the same crystallographic orientation, but in Spirocrinus, multidirectional extinctions preserve some of the original multiplate arrangement.
Yosef Zerzevsky v. The Prime Minister (1991) 45(i) P.D. 749: A Summary
Authors: Landau Asher Felix 
Published: May 2019

The petitioner, a member of the Likud central committee, moved the High Court of Justice to set aside a coalition agreement of April 11, 1990, between the Likud and a Knesset faction known as the Movement for the Promotion of the Zionist Idea. The agreement, regulating the relationship between the two bodies in parliamentary elections and in the Knesset, also provides that the Likud will have no monetary claims against the faction, and that the future expenses of their joint list in the Knesset will be shared according to their respective strengths.The petitioner contended that the agreement is illegal and against public policy.
Alternatives to Withdrawal from an International Organization: The Case of The European Economic Community
Authors: Weiler Joseph H.H. 
Published: May 2019

The practice of omitting withdrawal clauses from the constituent treaties of many international organizations was highlighted by Nathan Feinberg in his article on “Unilateral Withdrawal from an International Organization”, acknowledged as “…the most thorough study of the subject”. In a detailed study of both State Practice and La Doctrine, Feinberg drew the conclusion
that there exists no presumption in favour of the right of unilateral withdrawal, and that withdrawal is therefore permitted only if it is expressly provided for or can be inferred by implication.
RIFORME ISTITUZIONALI E GOVERNO: UN COMMENTO
Authors: Passigli Stefano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneIl dibattito sulle riforme istituzionali, dopo molti anni di andamento “carsico” con improvvise emersioni ed altrettanto rapide scomparse, sembra avere trovato con le campagne referendarie del Comitato promosso dall'on. Segni la via maestra per giungere ad un qualche sbocco. I promotori del referendum si propongono di modificare i sistemi elettorali in senso maggioritario con il triplice obiettivo di aumentare la governabilità, sottraendo la scelta dei governi al gioco dei partiti e rimettendone la formazione a forme più dirette di investitura popolare; favorire un più diretto rapporto tra eletti ed elettori; e migliorare la qualità della classe politica. Un evidente filo rosso lega questi obiettivi: la convinzione che ilparty governmentabbia fatto il suo tempo e che la nostra società richieda una democrazia meno mediata. Le concrete alternative sollevate nel dibattito e dai quesiti referendari sottendono dunque questioni più ampie, cui non possiamo dedicarci nel breve spazio di questorejoinder, e cui accenniamo solo per sottolineare che esse non potevano non destare l'attenzione di uno studioso che, come Sartori, ha fatto nella democrazia, e dei partiti e sistemi di partito, il focus principale dei suoi interessi. Nell'esaminare il saggio di Sartori va dunque innanzitutto detto che il suo è un contributo non solo estremamente topico, ma anche che discende direttamente da molte sue affermazioni teoriche.
Biotechnology and biosafety developments at the international agricultural research centres
Authors: Sawyer Richard L. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisAdvances in biotechnology are creating opportunities to increase food production in developing countries and reduce or eliminate the environmental problems associated with conventional farming practices. International agricultural research centres have used the techniques of modern molecular biology for more than a decade, mostly for tissue culture and the elimination of virus diseases in planting materials. As the centres expand their use of the new tools of biotechnology, the focus of their work is shifting. The centres are playing an even larger role in linking developing countries' scientists with colleagues in public and private sector institutions in the developed world. They are also using the new techniques to speed up the development of pest- and disease-resistant crop varieties. Whenever possible they are developing collaborative links with institutions that have the experience and infrastructure needed to carry out advanced molecular research, thus minimising the need for expensive, highly sophisticated in-house capabilities.
Case studies in automatic modelling of thrombin, alpha-lactalbumin and other proteins, and implications for drug design
Authors: Platt E. , Robson B. 
Published: May 2019

Synopsis:In order to investigate and demonstrate objective modelling of proteins as a basis for drug design, we have sought to model several proteins in particularly persuasive circumstances. This is either (a) by filing the results of the model with an independent institution prior to X-ray determination of their structure, or (b) by using wholly automatic, general and reproducible methods, or (c) most often by both. Results suggest the ability to predict the core of the protein to an accuracy of about 1 Å rms deviation between predicted and experimental all-atom coordinates, and of surface loops in the range 1-4 Å rms deviation. Although the upper end of the latter scale seems disturbing, it turns out that many of the surface loops show such large variations for the same protein as studied by different crystallographic groups, particularly when no common protein is used as a starting point for refinement in both cases. Recognising the dynamic nature of some loops on enzymes, and including in the calculation the ability to handle dynamics over long timescales, allows analysis and refinement of enzyme inhibitors as pharmaceuticals. Here we analyse these aspects, particularly by reference to X-ray crystallography data.
Narcolepsy, a “sleeping disorder”?
Authors: Verhoeven W.M.A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe narcoleptic syndrome in its most specific way is characterized by a set of clinical symptoms, including cataplexy, irresistable sleep episodes, hypnagogic hallucinations and sleepparalysis; the syndrome has been defined by the association of excessive day-time somnolence and REM-sleep abnormalities. In principle, anamnestic information is sufficient to establish the clinical diagnosis, although neuro-physiological and biochemical data(CSF monoamine metabolites and HLA-typology) are sometimes needed to support the diagnostic procedure. Treatment of excessive daytime somnolence is still primarily based upon CNS stimulants, while treatment of cataplexy and related symptoms rests on antidepressants with a primarily serotonergic mode of action.
Postdexamethason intact and multisequentia ACTH in melancholia
Authors: Maes M. , Vandervorst C. , Suy E. , Martin M. , Minner B. , Blockx P. , Raus J. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe dexamethasone suppression test has been carried out in 111 depressed inpatients. Fasting, 8 a.m. plasma levels of Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were determined before and after administration of 1 mg dexamethasone. In 64 subjects multisequential (1-17,1-24,1-39) ACTH, and in 47 subjects intact (1-39) ACTH has been determined. Patients with melancholia exhibited significantly higher postdexamethasone Cortisol and intact ACTH values as compared with minor and simple major depressives. Severity of illness was significantly and positively related to postdexamethasone intact ACTH - but not to multisequential ACTH. Cortisol nonsuppressors showed higher postdexamethasone (only intact) ACTH values than Cortisol suppressors. Both postdexamethasone ACTH values were significantly and positively related with the postdexamethasone Cortisol values. We have established that Cortisol nonsuppression during melancholia is determined by an augmented escape of ACTH from suppression by dexamethasone. Intact ACTH showed the most significant clinical relevance for depression and Cortisol nonsuppression. In the clinical practice we advize the use of postdexamethasone intact ACTH in stead of plasma Cortisol or multisequential ACTH.
Impaired Recognition of Negative Facial Emotions in Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Authors: Grace Sally A. , Toh Wei Lin , Buchanan Ben , Castle David J. , Rossell Susan L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have difficulty in recognising facial emotions, and there is evidence to suggest that there is a specific deficit in identifying negative facial emotions, such as sadness and anger. Methods: This study investigated facial emotion recognition in 19 individuals with BDD compared with 21 healthy control participants who completed a facial emotion recognition task, in which they were asked to identify emotional expressions portrayed in neutral, happy, sad, fearful, or angry faces. Results: Compared to the healthy control participants, the BDD patients were generally less accurate in identifying all facial emotions but showed specific deficits for negative emotions. The BDD group made significantly more errors when identifying neutral, angry, and sad faces than healthy controls; and were significantly slower at identifying neutral, angry, and happy faces. Conclusions: These findings add to previous face-processing literature in BDD, suggesting deficits in identifying negative facial emotions. There are treatment implications as future interventions would do well to target such deficits.
Comparison between hypo-fractionated dose-escalated volumetric modulated arc therapy and conventional concurrent chemo-radiation in locally advanced head and neck cancer: a pilot study
Authors: Saad Ehab , Radwan Riham Hani , Hadi Eman Abdel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:In the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer (LA-HNC), both dose escalation and hypo-fractionation can improve tumour control rates with uncertain role of addition of concurrent chemotherapy. We aimed at developing a new radiotherapy protocol for patients not eligible to receive the standard concurrent chemo-radiation therapy (CCRT) with little toxicity profile.Methods:A total of 63 LA-HNC patients were randomised to receive either: 70 Gy in 35 fx in 7 weeks concurrently with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 3 doses (Arm A) or 74 Gy in 33 fx in 6·5 weeks (Arm B). Volumetric modulated arc therapy plans were created for both treatment arms. We compared the local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and acute and late toxicity between the two arms.Results:A total of 33 patients were in Arm A versus 30 patients in Arm B with median follow-up 24·2 months. No significant differences in LC, PFS and OS between the two arms. Complete remission occurred in 54·5 and 63·3% of patients in Arms A and B, respectively. All toxicities were significantly less in Arm B than Arm A.Conclusion:Slightly dose-escalated hypo-fractionated regimen is safe and feasible and has comparable efficacy and less acute and late side effects than conventional dose CCRT with avoidance of chemotherapy-related toxicities in LA-HNC patients.
Statistical Properties of Hiss in Plasmaspheric Plumes and Associated Scattering Losses of Radiation Belt Electrons
Authors: Zhang Wenxun , Ni Binbin , Huang He , Summers Danny , Fu Song , Xiang Zheng , Gu Xudong , Cao Xing , Lou Yuequn , Hua Man 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhistler mode hiss acts as an important loss mechanism contributing to the radiation belt electron dynamics inside the plasmasphere and plasmaspheric plumes. Based on Van Allen Probes observations from September 2012 to December 2015, we conduct a detailed analysis of hiss properties in plasmaspheric plumes and illustrate that corresponding to the highest occurrence probability of plumes at L = 5.0–6.0 and MLT = 18–21, hiss emissions occur concurrently with a rate of >~80%. Plume hiss can efficiently scatter ~10‐ to 100‐keV electrons at rates up to ~10−4 s−1 near the loss cone, and the resultant electron loss timescales vary largely with energy, that is, from less than an hour for tens of kiloelectron volt electrons to several days for hundreds of kiloelectron volt electrons and to >100 days for >5‐MeV electrons. These newly obtained statistical properties of plume hiss and associated electron scattering effects are useful to future modeling efforts of radiation belt electron dynamics.
Toward the Ultrasonic Sensing of Organic Carbon in Seagrass‐Bearing Sediments
Authors: Venegas G. R. , Rahman A. F. , Lee K. M. , Ballard M. S. , Wilson P. S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTen percent of all organic carbon (Corg) absorbed by the ocean each year is stored in seagrass‐bearing sediments. The preservation of these carbon stores is considered a vital method to mitigate climate change. Seagrass‐bearing sediments have been correlated with sediment geophysical properties yet have not been related to sediment acoustic properties. For this purpose, sediment cores were collected from a Thalassia testudinum seagrass meadow in South Texas, USA, where geophysical, acoustical, and Corg properties were measured. It is hypothesized that when deposits of Corg adsorb onto mineral surfaces and are stored in pore spaces, compliant layers between grain contacts and the formation of an organic‐rich suspension reduce sediment stiffness. Results from this seagrass meadow demonstrated a strong correlation between sediment P wave modulus and Corg and show promise toward the development of an in situ ultrasonic sediment probe to more rapidly quantify and monitor seagrass carbon stores.
On a Class of Integrals Useful to Solve Well‐Type Flows in Heterogeneous Porous Formations
Authors: Severino Gerardo , Cuomo Salvatore 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe provide analytical (closed form) expression for a class of integrals that frequently arise into modeling well‐type flows through heterogeneous porous formations. In particular, these integrals are encountered when ensemble (second‐order) moments of the flow variables are computed by means of a perturbation approach that regards the variance
of the random field
(being K the hydraulic conductivity) as a small parameter.
The genome resources for conservation of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis
Authors: Ming Yao , Jian Jianbo , Yu Xueying , Wang Jingzhen , Liu Wenhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis), is a threatened marine mammal and belongs to the First Order of the National Key Protected Wild Aquatic Animals List in China. However, limited genomic information is available for studies of its population genetics and biological conservation. Here, we have assembled a genomic sequence of this species using a whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing strategy after a pilot low coverage genome survey. The total assembled genome size was 2.34 Gb: with a contig N50 of 67 kb and a scaffold N50 of 9 Mb (107.6-fold sequencing coverage). The S. chinensis genome contained 24,640 predicted protein-coding genes and had approximately 37% repeated sequences. The completeness of the genome assembly was evaluated by benchmarking universal single copy orthologous genes (BUSCOs): 94.3% of a total 4,104 expected mammalian genes were identified as complete, and 2.3% were identified as fragmented. This newly produced high-quality assembly and annotation of the genome will greatly promote the future studies of the genetic diversity, conservation and evolution.