bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical differences exist in high‐value care delivery for inpatient management of cirrhosis: Cost conscious care in cirrhosis
Authors: Sobotka Lindsay A , Hinton Alice , Conteh Lanla F 
Published: September 2018

Background and AimsThe United States spends more money per person on health care than any other country in the world. Patients with cirrhosis are at an increased risk of health‐care utilization. The aim of this study is to evaluate differences in health‐care utilization based on the region of treatment during the inpatient management of patients with cirrhosis.MethodA retrospective database analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample was performed, including adult patients with a primary diagnosis of cirrhosis determined by ICD‐9 codes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze liver decompensation, mortality, length of stay, and total charges in different regions across the United States.ResultsA total of 75 280 patients with cirrhosis who received treatment in nine different regions across the United States were included. Rates of liver decompensation were significantly decreased in the Pacific region compared to the New England region (OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.94). Length of stay was significantly different between regions; however, the means only varied by half a day and were of minimal clinical significance. Inpatient mortality rates were not significantly different between regions. Total charges for inpatient management between regions were significantly different, with the Pacific region having the highest total hospital charges with a mean of $82 731.ConclusionsHealth‐care utilization during the inpatient management of cirrhosis varies based on the region. The charges for treatment were the highest in the West despite no impact on mortality, minimal improvement in length of stay, and fewer features of decompensation on admission.
Nanodelivery strategies for the treatment of multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections
Authors: Jiang Lai , Lin Jia , Taggart Clifford C. , Bengoechea José A. , Scott Christopher J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne of the most important health concerns in society is the development of nosocomial infections caused by multidrug‐resistant pathogens. The purpose of this review is to discuss the issues in current antibiotic therapies and the ongoing progress of developing new strategies for the treatment of ESKAPE pathogen infections, which is acronymized for Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species. We not only examine the current issues caused by multidrug resistance but we also examine the barrier effects such as biofilm and intracellular localization exploited by these pathogens to avoid antibiotic exposure. Recent innovations in nanomedicine approaches and antibody antibiotic conjugates are reviewed as potential novel approaches for the treatment of bacterial infection, which ultimately may expand the useful life span of current antibiotics.
Electrofishing of Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Broodstock Negatively Impacts Egg Survival
Authors: Huysman Nathan , Voorhees Jill M , Meyer Hilary , Krebs Eric , Barnes Michael E 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Electrofishing is frequently used to collect landlocked fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha broodstock. This experiment compared reproductive parameters, including egg survival, from female salmon that had either been obtained by electrofishing or passively captured after ascending a fish ladder. Mean ± SE percent survival to the eyed stage of development was significantly lower for eggs spawned from females that had been electroshocked (16.66 ± 4.68%) compared to those from females obtained at the fish ladder (31.53 ± 3.55%). There were no significant differences in spawning female TL, postspawn weight, egg size, or fecundity between the two groups. A significant correlation was observed between the survival of eggs from electroshocked females and the frequency of female handling; no such correlation was observed in eggs from ladder-run females. Although electrofishing may be useful in gathering landlocked fall Chinook Salmon broodstock, lower egg survival can be expected. This may be mitigated, however, by decreasing the number of handling events to which fish are subjected prior to spawning.
Mid‐urethral slings in young, middle‐aged, and older women
Authors: Engen Madeleine , Svenningsen Rune , Schiøtz Hjalmar A. , Kulseng‐Hanssen Sigurd 
Published: September 2018

AimsTo compare subjective and objective outcomes of mid‐urethral sling (MUS) surgery in women in different age decades and the utilization rates for MUS in Norwegian women.MethodsData from the national Norwegian Female Incontinence Registry on 21 832 women with stress or mixed urinary incontinence who underwent MUS surgery from 1998 to 2016 were used. Primary outcomes were treatment satisfaction and absence of objective stress leakage at 6‐12 months follow‐up and “MUS utilization rate.” Secondary outcomes were increase in urgency incontinence symptoms and surgical complications.ResultsWomen in the sixth decade and older had more objective postoperative stress urinary leakage, and women in the seventh decade and older were less satisfied. Urgency incontinence symptoms (persistent and de novo) after MUS increased with age. Intermittent catheterization occurred significantly more often in the seventh decade and bladder perforation in the seventh and eighth decades. Women younger than the fifth decade had fewer complications, except the need for tape transection in the fourth decade. The “MUS utilization rate” increased in all age groups during the study period, but declined slightly in the oldest age group after 2010.ConclusionAll age groups had a high percentage of “very satisfied” and no objective stress leakage at 6‐12 months follow‐up, but declining slightly with age after the sixth decade. Urgency incontinence symptom bother increased with age, but the overall complication rates were low. Our study strengthens the argument that management of stress urinary incontinence with MUS seems suitable regardless of age.
Cobalt Phthalocyanine Tetracarboxylic Acid Functionalized Polymer Monolith for Selective Enrichment of Glycopeptides and Glycans
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Song Naizhong , Zheng Haijiao , Feng Wei , Jia Qiong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate) monolith functionalized with cobalt phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid is prepared. The polymer monolithic material is used for glycopeptides enrichment coupled with MALDI–TOF MS. By taking advantage of cobalt phthalocyanine including hydrogen bonds between isoindole subunits of phthalocyanine and glycans, coordination interaction between cobalt and glycopeptides, the monolithic material is successfully applied to the enrichment of glycopeptides efficiently and selectively. With IgG and horse radish peroxidase as the model glycoproteins, 28 and 17 glycopeptides could be identified respectively after enrichment with the monolith, only four and three glycopeptides could be obtained for direct analysis. The monolith is also employed to the digests mixture of BSA and IgG (50:1, m/m), indicating the high enrichment selectivity of glycopeptides even in the presence of a large interference ratio. The detection limit is determined to be 6.7 fmol, implying that the present method had great potential for trace sample analysis. In addition, the monolith was successfully applied to the enrichment of N‐linked glycans in human serum samples, demonstrating its great potential for the analysis of glycoproteins.
Pseudo Jahn–Teller origin tracking for symmetry breaking in halogenabenzene: How can a bird fly?
Authors: Wang Ya , Liu Yang , Zheng Xiaonan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe cyclic iodabenzene molecule (CH)5I was first introduced and characterized as planar configuration and zwitterionic valence structure by Glukhovtsev in 1991. Recently, it caused researchers' great interest due to the theoretical discovery of a stable bird‐like structure by Hoffmann et al. in 2017 which has similar electronic structure and charge distribution as well‐known Meisenheimer complex C6H. Inspired by this, we continue to tell the halogenabenzene story by revealing the origin of the bird‐like structure and understanding how the electronic behavior affects the geometrical symmetry for a molecule. By combining the Pseudo Jahn–Teller effect (PJTE) theory with the ab initio calculations for halogenabenzenes (CH)5X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) and C6H, it is illustrated that the vibronic coupling of 1A1 ground state and 1B1 excited states with C2v planar structure along the out‐of‐plane b1 distortion triggers the symmetry breaking of planar configuration to form a preferred bird‐like structure. This interpretation can be also applied to explain their different stabilization energies by analyzing numerically the energy gaps of coupled electronic states and PJTE vibronic coupling parameters. Taking use of the PJTE formulation above, we also tracked the origin of restoring to be planar for (CH)5X2+ cation, as well as their isoelectronic species (CH)5O+ and (CH)5N, and suggests an effective strategy to stabilize the planar configuration for halogenabenzenes.
Modeling zinc‐oxygen coordination in histone deacetylase: A comparison of semiempirical methods performance
Authors: Pinheiro Pedro de Sena Murteira , Rodrigues Daniel Alencar , Sant'Anna Carlos Mauricio R. , Fraga Carlos Alberto Manssour 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSemiempirical methods can be applied to calculations of much larger systems than classical ab initio or DFT methods, reaching accuracy sometimes comparable with more advanced levels of theory. These methods are important tools that can be used in research projects focused in structure‐based drug design (SBDD). Thus, a notion of the precision of each method in describing key‐interactions with target receptors is necessary. With this goal in mind, we applied several semiempirical methods (AM1, PM3, PM6, PM6‐D3, PM6‐D3H4, PM6‐DH2, PM6‐DH+, and PM7) for evaluation of the key‐interactions of some zinc‐dependent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors revealed by crystallographic structures, for which the AM1 and PM7 Hamiltonians generally failed to geometrically describe the bidentate coordination of the pan‐HDAC inhibitors with the Zn(II) ion. In addition, we also applied the same evaluations to Nexturastat A, a histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) selective inhibitor, in complex with the HDAC6, to find out how each semiempirical method represent the monodentate coordination profile with the Zn(II) ion when there is a competition with a hydrogen bond in the system. Our results showed a significant difference in the profile of each method and highlighted PM6‐DH2 as the best method for the description of the key‐interactions of Nexturastat A in HDAC6. Our data reinforce the necessity to always compare several semiempirical methods before performing SBDD studies with them.
Mg3F7: A superhalogen with potential for new nanomaterials design
Authors: Sikorska Celina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe stability of the Mg3F7 cluster and its ability to ionize nanoparticles has been investigated theoretically. At the CCSD(T) level of theory, the Mg3F7 cluster has been confirmed to be superhalogen due to its high adiabatic electron affinity (7.9 eV). The corresponding daughter anionic species (Mg3F7−) displays a highly symmetric (C3v) umbrella‐like structure and magic cluster stability. The extra electron of the Mg3F7− anion aggregates on the terminal fluorine ligands with non‐negligible distribution occurring on the bridging F units too. These two properties lower both the kinetic and potential energies of the extra electron respectively and thus lead to large electron binding energy. When interacting with the fullerene nanoparticle (C60), the radical neutral Mg3F7 superhalogen captures an electron and forms stable and strongly bound “binary salts” consisted of Mg3F7− anion and C60•+ radical cation. Thus, Mg3F7 can be used as an effective oxidizing agent to construct new ionized nanomaterials.
Peptide‐modified stainless steel with resistance capacity of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation
Authors: Cao Pan , He Xiaoyan , Xiao Jinfei , Yuan Chengqing , Bai Xiuqin 
Published: September 2018

Attachment of marine fouling organisms causes biofouling. The adhesion of destructive organisms can be reduced through surface modification with antibiofilm chemicals. In this study, a direct surface modification between peptide solution with different concentrations and stainless steel was performed, and the reaction mechanism was explained by simulation of the modification process. Results of surface water contact angle and surface hardness indicated the optimal modification concentration of peptide solution was 10 μg/mL. Under the optimal concentration, peptide‐modified stainless steel was prepared through the reaction between peptide and 304 stainless steel. Results of scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the peptide was successfully bound on stainless steel surface. Antimicrobial activity of samples surface was tested against Staphylococcus aureus. The results illustrated that the peptide treated sample surface possesses significant antimicrobial property. The findings presented valuable information on marine antifouling researches.
Secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling of ultrathick films using an argon gas cluster source: Crater shape implications on the analysis area as a function of depth
Authors: Muramoto Shin , Collett Cayla 
Published: September 2018

Argon cluster ions have enabled molecular depth profiling to unprecedented depths, with minimal loss of chemical information or changes in sputter rate. However, depth profiling of ultrathick films (>100 μm) using a commercial ion source oriented at 45° to the surface causes the crater bottom to shrink in size because of a combination of the crater wall angle, sputter rate differences along the trailing‐edge crater wall, and undercutting on the leading‐edge. The shrinking of the crater bottom has 2 immediate effects on dual‐beam depth profiling: first is that the centering of the analysis beam inside the sputter crater will no longer ensure the best quality depth profile because the location of the flat crater bottom progressively shifts toward the leading‐edge and second, the shifting of the crater bottom enforces a maximum thickness of the film that could be depth profiled. Experiments demonstrate that a time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry instrument equipped with a 20 keV argon cluster source is limited to depth profiling a 180 μm‐thick film when a 500 μm sputter raster is used and a 100 μm square crater bottom is to be left for analysis. In addition, depth profiling of a multilayer film revealed that the depth resolution degrades on trailing‐edge side of the crater bottom presumably because of the redeposition of the sputtered flux from the crater wall onto the crater bottom.
Addressing schedule disruptions in business processes of advanced logistics systems
Authors: Thorisson Heimir , Alsultan Marwan , Hendrickson Daniel , Polmateer Thomas L. , Lambert James H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLarge‐scale logistics systems operate under uncertainties of schedule, cost, environmental impacts, reliability, and others rendering it critical for system operations to consider emergent and future conditions involving markets, technologies, environment, and organizations. Business process modeling is used widely to document the activities of an enterprise. Successful analysis of business processes requires explicit accounting for and evaluation of sources of potential disruptive risk. Previous research in the journal integrated risk identification to business process models. This paper creates a framework that evaluates the schedule disruption potential of identified sources of risk in logistics systems with the modeling of the associated business processes. The framework is demonstrated on a scheduling process at a marine container port. The methods first described in this paper should be integrated to software applications that diagram and analyze business processes of large‐scale systems.
A model of the factors influencing teaching identity among life sciences doctoral students
Authors: Lane Amanda Kelly , Hardison Carlton , Simon Ariana , Andrews Tessa C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne barrier to the adoption of evidenced‐based teaching practices may be that faculty do not see teaching as an important part of their identities as professionals. Graduate school is a key time for professional identity development, and currently we know little about how doctoral students develop identities as college teachers. In this qualitative study, we aim to characterize the factors that promote and hinder teaching identity among 33 life sciences doctoral students with diverse career interests at one research university. We collected data using semi‐structured interviews and analyzed it using qualitative analysis closely aligned with grounded theory. Our analysis involved iteratively and collaboratively analyzing interview transcripts while considering existing literature about socialization and professional identity and remaining open to novel ideas in the data. From this analysis, we developed a mechanistic model of the factors that influenced teaching identity in our participants. Independent teaching experiences, teaching professional development, and teaching mentors contributed to salient and stable teaching identities among doctoral students. Being recognized by faculty as a teacher was also important, but rare. The professional culture that doctoral students perceived acted like a blizzard that they had to navigate through to develop a teaching identity. This culture strongly valued research over teaching, resulting in a sometimes cold and isolating environment for students interested in teaching. The culture also made it harder to see existing opportunities for teaching development and made it more challenging to move toward these opportunities, much like the deep snow and driving winds of a blizzard. The mechanistic model described in this work is an important first step in understanding how doctoral training influences teaching identity. This model serves as a hypothesis that should be tested and refined through additional empirical work across contexts.
Pre‐mRNA modifications and their role in nuclear processing
Authors: Martinez Nicole M. , Gilbert Wendy V. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundCellular non‐coding RNAs are extensively modified post‐transcriptionally, with more than 100 chemically distinct nucleotides identified to date. In the past five years, new sequencing based methods have revealed widespread decoration of eukaryotic messenger RNA with diverse RNA modifications whose functions in mRNA metabolism are only beginning to be known.ResultsSince most of the identified mRNA modifying enzymes are present in the nucleus, these modifications have the potential to function in nuclear pre‐mRNA processing including alternative splicing. Here we review recent progress towards illuminating the role of pre‐mRNA modifications in splicing and highlight key areas for future investigation in this rapidly growing field.ConclusionsFuture studies to identify which modifications are added to nascent pre‐mRNA and to interrogate the direct effects of individual modifications are likely to reveal new mechanisms by which nuclear pre‐mRNA processing is regulated.
Climatic variables drive temporal patterns of α and β diversities of dung beetles
Authors: Ferreira S.C. , da Silva P.G. , Paladini A. , Di Mare R.A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms underpinning spatiotemporal diversity patterns of biological communities is a major goal of ecology. We aimed to test two ecological hypotheses: (i) temporal patterns of β-diversity will mostly be driven by nestedness, with a loss of species from summer to winter, and (ii) nestedness values will correlate with climatic variables instead of turnover values, indicating either a loss of species during winter or a gain of species during summer. We sampled dung beetles using standardized sampling protocols along a year in four Atlantic forest sites: two at the northwest and two at the central region of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil. We partitioned temporal patterns of β-diversity into turnover and nestedness in order to investigate if community changes are driven by species substitution or gain/loss across time. Our results highlighted five main findings: (i) dung beetle composition varied more with sites than site geographic position; (ii) there was almost one and a half ‘true’ dung beetle assemblages regarding the spatial distribution of species weighed by abundance; (iii) we found a positive influence of mean temperature and a negative influence of relative humidity on both species richness and abundance; (iv) both spatial and temporal dissimilarity among sites were dominated by species replacement, while the relative importance of nestedness was higher in temporal than spatial patterns; (v) there was an effect of precipitation and relative humidity on temporal patterns of β-diversity components, but these effects were site-dependent. Contrary to our expectations, the β-diversity component of turnover dominated both spatial and temporal patterns in dung beetle dissimilarity among sites and months. Distinct climatic variables affected differently the α-diversity and β-diversity components of dung beetle assemblages. Partitioning β-diversity into temporal components is a promising approach to unveil patterns of the community dynamics and to produce insights on mechanisms underlying such patterns.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING TO THE RULE OF LAW
Authors: Sales Philip 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDrafters of legislation occupy an important position of constitutional significance, involving the translation of political will into legal form. They help clarify and refine the instructions from politicians and create statutory schemes which are internally coherent and have external coherence with wider legal and constitutional values. They begin the process of disciplining and refining political will through application of constitutional reason, which is then continued at the stage of interpretation of statutes by the courts. Drafters of legislation thus contribute to the formal rule of law values of predictability and certainty and also to more substantive values of fairness and respect for constitutional principles and rights. The better the drafting of legislation, the smoother the integration of democracy and the rule of law and the less need there is for interstitial law-making by judges in the interpretive exercise.