bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative analysis of the dependency of spectrophotometric data on temperature using textiles, ceramics, plastics, paints, and printed materials
Authors: Che Jiangning 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is generally known that the color of an object changes with the change of its surface temperature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relative dependency of measured colorimetric data on the temperature variation of an object for different types of colored materials. Specifically, textile fabrics, ceramic tiles, plastic plaques, ink‐printed paper cards, and paint‐coated cards were utilized, and the results were evaluated. The impacts of temperature alteration on the CIELAB colorimetric data were examined and evaluated. The total color difference and differences in the CIE coordinates of each colored sample, compared with the measured color data at 20°C, are presented. The results reveal how each measured CIE colorimetric coordinate, as well as color difference, varies with the surface temperature of the object for samples of different types of colored materials.
Interacting Quantum Atoms Approach and Electrostatic Solvation Energy: Assessing Atomic and Group Solvation Contributions
Authors: Jiménez‐Grávalos Fernando , Díaz Natalia , Francisco Evelio , Martín‐Pendás Ángel , Suárez Dimas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe interacting quantum atoms (IQA) method decomposes the total energy of a molecular system in terms of one‐ and two‐center (atomic) contributions within the context of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. Here we incorporate electrostatic continuum solvent effects into the IQA energy decomposition. To this end, the interaction between the solute electrostatic potential and the solvent screening charges as defined within the COSMO solvation model is now included in a new version of the PROMOLDEN code, allowing thus to apply IQA in combination with COSMO‐quantum chemical methods as well as to partition the electrostatic solvation energy into effective atomic and group contributions. To test the robustness of this approach, we carry out COSMO‐HF/aug‐cc‐pVTZ calculations followed by IQA calculations on more than 400 neutral and ionic solutes extracted from the MNSol database. The computational results reveal a detailed atomic mapping of the electrostatic solvation energy that is useful to assess to what extent the solvation energy can be decomposed into atomic and group contributions of various parts of a solute molecule, as generally assumed by empirical methodologies that estimate solvation energy and/or logP values.
Adsorption of plantaricin Q7 on montmorillonite and application in feedback regulation of plantaricin Q7 synthesis by Lactobacillus plantarum Q7
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Yi Huaxi , Gong Pimin , Lin Kai , Chen Shiwei , Han Xue , Zhang Lanwei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractKieselguhr, bentonite, and montmorillonite were investigated as potential carriers of plantaricin Q7. Highest level of adsorption of plantaricin Q7 was obtained with montmorillonite. Meanwhile, visible inhibition zones were observed against Listeria monocytogenes for montmorillonite adsorbed with plantaricin Q7. Adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption behaviour followed the pseudo‐first‐order and Weber's intra‐particle diffusion models, suggesting two steps had taken place during the adsorption process. X‐ray diffraction assays revealed that plantaricin Q7 was intercalated into the interlayer space of montmorillonites. Electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions proved to play important roles in the mechanisms of interaction between montmorillonite and plantaricin Q7, as shown by infrared spectroscopy analysis. In addition, plantaricin Q7 production was inhibited by feedback regulation with its high concentrations. In order to remove product feedback inhibition in plantaricin Q7 production, a strategy was implemented for its adsorption onto montmorillonite during fermentation. The final plantaricin Q7 output reached 3713.40 IU/mL during fermentation using montmorillonite to adsorb plantaricin Q7, 41.61% higher than that of non‐ montmorillonite. These results indicate that montmorillonites are suitable carriers for plantaricin Q7 adsorption, and the adsorption of plantaricin Q7 onto montmorillonite during fermentation could be a good method to increase final plantaricin Q7 production.
Food and nutrition security and sustainability transitions in food systems
Authors: El Bilali Hamid , Callenius Carolin , Strassner Carola , Probst Lorenz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe concepts of food security and food sustainability are two main paradigms in the food system discourse—however, they are often addressed separately in the scientific literature. We argue that this disconnect hinders a coherent discussion of sustainability transitions, which will be necessary to solve problems (environmental, social, economic, and health) generated by conventional food systems. Our review highlights linkages between sustainability transitions and food and nutrition security using the perspective of sustainable food systems. We explore the diversity of food security narratives and food sustainability paradigms in the agro‐food arena, analyze relations between food security and food systems sustainability, and suggest options to foster a transition toward sustainable food systems. It is widely acknowledged that food systems sustainability must entail long‐term food and nutrition security in its availability, access, utilization, and stability dimensions. For food systems to deliver food and nutrition security for present and future generations, all their components need to be sustainable, resilient, and efficient. These linkages between food sustainability and food and nutrition security intersect at global, national, local, and household levels. Different strategies can be pursued to foster sustainability transitions in food systems: efficiency increase (e.g., sustainable intensification), demand restraint (e.g., sustainable diets), and food systems transformation (e.g., alternative food systems). Creating sustainable food systems requires moving from an agriculture‐centered to a food system policy and research framework. This will be fundamental to foster the complex and holistic transformation necessary to achieve sustainable food systems, which is, in turn, a prerequisite to achieving sustainable food and nutrition security.
Use of scenario planning as a theory‐driven evaluation tool
Authors: Derbyshire James 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTheory‐driven evaluation (TDE) is an approach for prescribing an evaluation’s purposes, users and uses, general activities, strategies, and methods in the form of a “program theory.” While widely used, the literature highlights a number of common deficiencies in TDEs, among which is the tendency for underdeveloped program theories because of a lack of specificity on the theory‐creation process, and because the emergent nature of change renders it difficult to identify relevant theory a priori, leading to uncertainty. Theoretical underdevelopment may reduce the effectiveness of change initiatives and make their evaluation problematic due to a lack of clarity regarding what the program was originally expected to achieve, and how. This paper addresses this issue by showing that scenario planning can assist TDE by (a) making explicit initial causal logic and theory; (b) facilitating useful debate and discussion among multiple stakeholders; and (c) facilitating consideration of how contingent and complex causation may lead to unexpected outcomes, allowing for consideration of adaptations that may be needed as a program unfolds. This paper shows that scenario planning is highly congruent with a complex‐realist understanding of evaluation that emphasizes causal indeterminism. In sum, we show how scenario planning can be used as a TDE tool.
Rice Husk‐Derived Activated Carbons for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds in Water
Authors: Shen Yafei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractActivated carbons are synthesized from rice husk by one‐ and two‐step pyrolysis. In general, two‐step pyrolysis produces a higher yield of activated carbons. The yield of activated carbon decreases with the increase of mass ratio of KOH and biomass, which has a significant impact on the development of surface area and porosity. The maximum S
BET (2138 m2 g−1) is achieved with micro‐ and mesoporous structures, which is favored for the adsorption process. The activated carbons can efficiently remove phenol from water by a few minutes. In particular, the maximum adsorption capacity (201 mg g−1) is achieved due to the excellent surface textural properties. The Langmuir model can better define the adsorption isotherm. The high correlation coefficient value (R
2 = 0.9991) indicates a monolayer adsorption behavior. The adsorption process can be well‐fitted by the pseudo‐second‐order model. Herein, the phenol molecules pass into the internal surface via liquid‐film‐controlled diffusion, so the behavior of phenol adsorption onto activated carbons is mainly controlled via chemisorption. In addition, the functional groups on the outer surfaces of activated carbons can attract the phenol molecules onto their internal surface via the “π–π dispersion interaction” and “donor–acceptor effect.”
Mars Colonization: Beyond Getting There
Authors: Levchenko Igor , Xu Shuyan , Mazouffre Stéphane , Keidar Michael , Bazaka Kateryna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractColonization of Mars: As humans gradually overcome technological challenges of deep space missions, the possibility of exploration and colonization of extraterrestrial outposts is being seriously considered by space agencies and commercial entities alike. But should we do it just because we potentially can? Is such an undoubtedly risky adventure justified from the economic, legal, and ethical points of view? And even if it is, do we have a system of instruments necessary to effectively and fairly manage these aspects of colonization? In this essay, a rich diversity of current opinions on the pros and cons of Mars colonization voiced by space enthusiasts with backgrounds in space technology, economics, and materials science are examined.
Effects of the Structure of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays on Its Catalytic Activity for Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Guo Tao , Wang Changzheng , Xu Ping , Feng Cuimin , Si Shuai , Zhang Yajun , Wang Qiang , Shi Mengtong , Yang Fengnan , Wang Jingxiao , Zhang Yang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo enhance the microbial fuel cell (MFC) for wastewater treatment and chemical oxygen demand degradation, TiO2 nanotubes arrays (TNA) are successfully synthesized on Ti foil substrate by the anodization process in HF and NH4F solution, respectively (hereafter, denoted as TNA‐HF and TNA‐NF). The differences between the two kinds of TNA are revealed based on their morphologies and spectroscopic characterizations. It should be highlighted that 3D TNA‐NF with an appropriate dimension can make a positive contribution to the high photocatalytic activity. In comparison with the TNA‐HF, the 3D TNA‐NF sample exhibits a significant enhancement in current generation as the MFC anode. In particular, the TNA‐NF performs nearly 1.23 times higher than the TNA‐HF, and near twofold higher than the carbon felt. It is found that the two kinds of TiO2‐based anodes have different conductivities and corrosion potentials, which are responsible for the difference in their current generation performances. Based on the experimental results, excellent stability, reliability, and low cost, TNA‐NF can be considered a promising and scalable MFC bioanode material.
Stable between‐subject statistical inference from unstable within‐subject functional connectivity estimates
Authors: Vidaurre Diego , Woolrich Mark W. , Winkler Anderson M. , Karapanagiotidis Theodoros , Smallwood Jonathan , Nichols Thomas E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpatial or temporal aspects of neural organization are known to be important indices of how cognition is organized. However, measurements and estimations are often noisy and many of the algorithms used are probabilistic, which in combination have been argued to limit studies exploring the neural basis of specific aspects of cognition. Focusing on static and dynamic functional connectivity estimations, we propose to leverage this variability to improve statistical efficiency in relating these estimations to behavior. To achieve this goal, we use a procedure based on permutation testing that provides a way of combining the results from many individual tests that refer to the same hypothesis. This is needed when testing a measure whose value is obtained from a noisy process, which can be repeated multiple times, referred to as replications. Focusing on functional connectivity, this noisy process can be: (a) computational, for example, when using an approximate inference algorithm for which different runs can produce different results or (b) observational, if we have the capacity to acquire data multiple times, and the different acquired data sets can be considered noisy examples of some underlying truth. In both cases, we are not interested in the individual replications but on the unobserved process generating each replication. In this note, we show how results can be combined instead of choosing just one of the estimated models. Using both simulations and real data, we show the benefits of this approach in practice.
Electroactive Metalorganic Frameworks
Authors: Medina Dana D. , Mähringer Andre , Bein Thomas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCrystalline and porous framework materials with appreciable charge carrier mobility hold promise as a new semiconducting platform. Through the concepts of reticular chemistry, numerous two‐ and three‐dimensional crystalline and porous frameworks with encoded properties enabling significant electrical conductivity are in reach. Prominent members of this group are the metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), which recently created scientific excitement as highly conductive materials. Herein, we discuss the recent prominent examples reported for electrically conducting MOFs with regards to their synthesis, structural and electronic properties and possible applications. We frame our discussion according to structural features of the MOFs, covering both layered 2D and 3D frameworks.
Selecting structural innovations in DSGE models
Authors: Ferroni Filippo , Grassi Stefano , León‐Ledesma Miguel A. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryDynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models are typically estimated assuming the existence of certain structural shocks that drive macroeconomic fluctuations. We analyze the consequences of estimating shocks that are “nonexistent” and propose a method to select the economic shocks driving macroeconomic uncertainty. Forcing these nonexisting shocks in estimation produces a downward bias in the estimated internal persistence of the model. We show how these distortions can be reduced by using priors for standard deviations whose support includes zero. The method allows us to accurately select shocks and estimate model parameters with high precision. We revisit the empirical evidence on an industry standard medium‐scale DSGE model and find that government and price markup shocks are innovations that do not generate statistically significant dynamics.
The cyclicality of R&D investment revisited
Authors: van Ophem Hans , van Giersbergen Noud , van Garderen Kees Jan , Bun Maurice 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn Fabrizio and Tsolmon (Review of Economics and Statistics, 2014, 96(4), 662–675) and Barlevy (American Economic Review, 2007, 97(4), 1131–1164) it was concluded that R&D investments are procyclical. Fabrizio and Tsolmon utilized a model based on Barlevy, but it differed in some respects and allowed for more heterogeneity. However, we doubt whether their implied trends are intended. Fabrizio and Tsolmon also set missing values for R&D equal to zero, leading to unrealistic jumps in investment and its first differences. We reconcile and replicate both the Fabrizio and Tsolmon and Barlevy papers by considering extensions that encompass both models. Furthermore, we treat missing values more appropriately and consider some alternative specifications to check the robustness of the results. Procyclicality is confirmed, but we find much less heterogeneity than Fabrizio and Tsolmon did. In particular, obsolescence and patent effectiveness are no longer important but external financing is.
Comparative analysis of bone regeneration behavior using recombinant human BMP‐2 versus plasmid DNA of BMP‐2
Authors: Kolk Andreas , Boskov Marko , Haidari Selgai , Tischer Thomas , van Griensven Martijn , Bissinger Oliver , Plank Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBone regeneration and the osteoinductive capacity of implants are challenging issues in clinical medicine. Currently, recombinant growth factors and nonviral gene transfer are the most frequently investigated methods for bone growth enhancement, although the more favorable method remains unclear. There is a lack of knowledge in literature about the in vivo comparison of these methods for bone regeneration. BMP‐2, which is the most commonly used growth factor for osteogenesis, was applied at its most efficient dose as a recombinant growth factor (rhBMP‐2) and as a growth‐factor‐encoding copolymer protected gene vector (pBMP‐2) in a critical size bone defect (CSD) model to determine the most suitable method for bone regeneration. CSDs were induced bilaterally in 32 Sprague–Dawley rats. RhBMP‐2 (62.5 μg) or pBMP‐2 (2.5 μg) was embedded in poly(d,l‐)lactide‐coated titanium discs. Survival times were set at 14, 28, 56, and 112 days. After euthanasia, samples were analyzed via micro‐computed tomography, polychrome sequential fluorescent labeling, and immunohistochemistry. Whereas defects in both groups were bridged with new bone after 56 days, rhBMP‐2 initially induced ectopic new bone formation that was later remodeled in an unorganized hypodense manner. In contrast, pBMP‐2 led to slower but steady bone regeneration with physiological tissue morphology, as confirmed by high osteoblast activity shown by osteocalcin staining. CD68 and TRAP staining verified high osteoclast activity for the rhBMP‐2 group. pBMP‐2 successfully induced locally controlled physiological bone regeneration, whereas rhBMP‐2 triggered rapid and ectopic but insufficient bone formation. Thus, nonviral gene transfer appears to be more favorable for clinical applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 163–173, 2019.
Particulate and ion forms of cobalt–chromium challenged preosteoblasts promote osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis in a murine model of prosthesis failure
Authors: Yang Shuye , Zhang Kai , Jiang Jianhao , James Bonface , Yang Shang‐You 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the interactive behavior of the particulate and ion forms of cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) alloy challenged preosteoblasts during the process of prosthetic implant loosening. Preosteoblasts were challenged with Co–Cr particles or Co(II) ions for 72 h, followed by the proliferation and PCR assays. For in vivo test, a titanium pin was implanted into proximal tibia of SCID mice to mimic knee replacement. Co–Cr particles or Co(II) ion challenged preosteoblasts (5 × 105) were intra‐articularly injected into the implanted knee. The animals were sacrificed 5 weeks post‐op, and the prosthetic knees were harvested for biomechanical pin‐pullout testing, histological evaluations, and microCT assessment. In vitro study suggested that Co–Cr particles and Co(II) ions significantly suppressed the proliferation of preosteoblasts in a dose‐dependent manner. RT‐PCR data on the challenged cells indicated overexpression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) and inhibited osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene expression. Introduction of the differently challenged preosteoblasts to the pin‐implant mouse model resulted in reduced implant interfacial shear strength, thicker peri‐implant soft‐tissue formation, more TRAP+ cells, lower bone mineral density, and bone volume fraction. In conclusion, both Co–Cr particles and Co(II) ions interfered with the growth, maturation, and functions of preosteoblasts, and provides evidence that the metal ions as well play an important role in effecting preosteoblasts in the pathogenesis of aseptic loosening. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 187–194, 2019.
Pharmacokinetics of Increased Nelfinavir Plasma Concentrations in Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Authors: Eke Ahizechukwu C. , McCormack Shelley A. , Best Brookie M. , Stek Alice M. , Wang Jiajia , Kreitchmann Regis , Shapiro David , Smith Elizabeth , Mofenson Lynne M. , Capparelli Edmund V. , Mirochnick Mark ,   IMPAACT P1026s Protocol Team
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the safety, acceptability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of an increased dose of nelfinavir (NFV) during the third trimester of pregnancy. The study was registered as part of the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials network (IMPAACT‐P1026s), an ongoing multicenter prospective cohort study of antiretroviral PK during pregnancy (NCT00042289). NFV intensive PK evaluations were performed at steady state during the third trimester of pregnancy and 2–3 weeks postpartum. Plasma concentrations of NFV and its active metabolite, hydroxyl‐tert‐butylamide (M8) were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. A total of 18 women are included in the analysis. NFV area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) with the increased dose during the third trimester was nearly identical to the standard dose postpartum, with a geometric mean ratio for third trimester to postpartum AUC of 0.98 (90%CI 0.71–1.35). Despite the increased dose, M8 AUC was lower during the third trimester compared to postpartum (0.53, IQR [0.38–0.75]), as was the M8/NFV AUC ratio (0.51, IQR [0.42–0.63]). NFV AUC0–12 was above target in 15 of 18 (83%) of participants during the third trimester compared to 14 of 16 (88%) postpartum. No major safety concerns were noted. Increasing the NFV dose to 1875 mg twice daily during the third trimester achieved similar concentrations postpartum compared to standard dosing (1250 mg twice daily). Increased NFV dose regimens may still have some benefit to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive pregnant women living in countries where novel protease inhibitors are currently unavailable or in individuals who are intolerant to ritonavir‐boosted HIV medications.
Interval type‐2 fuzzy logic with Karmen‐Mendel algorithm for sequential ionic liquid dissolution–solid acid saccharification
Authors: Lee Kiat Moon , Zanil Mohd Fauzi 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcquiring a good model is important for representing a real system especially in complex chemical processes. In this work, type‐2 fuzzy logic with the Karmen‐Mendel algorithm is proposed to model sequential ionic liquid dissolution–solid acid saccharification. The fuzzy calculation framework was regressed using a gradient descent technique to find the best fit model for a given data set with the target to achieve minimum integral square error (ISE) between predicted and experiment data.ResultsThe regression results for both ionic liquid dissolution and solid acid saccharification were ISE 107.62 at a computational time of 907.35 s, and ISE 69.65 at 672.90 s, respectively. The high R‐squared value of 0.98829 (ionic liquid dissolution) and 0.92585 (solid acid saccharification) indicated the good fit of the models. An optimum reducing sugars yield of 99.0% at dissolution conditions: 1.5 h, 155 °C and 1.5% substrate loading; and saccharification conditions: 1.5 h, 120 °C and 6% catalyst loading, was achieved.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the good fit of a model for the sequential ionic liquid dissolution–solid acid saccharification process. The model developed has the potential to be used in predicting sugars production in the sequential ionic liquid dissolution–solid acid saccharification. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry