bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution, evidence for internal ice, and possible hydrologic significance of rock glaciers in the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA
Authors: Munroe Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMapping at a scale of 1:5000 identified 395 rock glaciers in the Uinta Mountains, Utah. The majority of these have areas<20 ha, although the largest covers 97 ha. Rock glaciers have a mean elevation of 3285 m above sea level (range of 2820 to 3744 m above sea level) and exhibit a preference for northerly aspects. Sixty (15%) have a tongue-shaped morphology, whereas 335 (85%) are lobate features protruding from talus along valley walls. Tongue-shaped rock glaciers are found at significantly higher elevations and receive considerably less direct solar radiation each year than lobate rock glaciers. Winter ground temperatures atop representative rock glaciers drop to between −3°C and −5°C. This result, combined with ~0°C water discharging in the summer and water ages >1 year, suggests that at least some of these landforms contain buried ice. Late summer water discharge from two rock glaciers exhibits higher pH and significantly elevated concentrations of some ions compared with lake water, consistent with ablation of internal ice after melting of winter snowpack is complete. Although the amount of water discharging from individual rock glaciers may be small, the aggregate discharge from all rock glaciers and talus could constitute a significant component of streamflow in late summer and fall.
Dietary supplementation with blueberry partially restores T-cell-mediated function in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Lewis Erin D. , Ren Zhihong , DeFuria Jason , Obin Martin S. , Meydani Simin N. , Wu Dayong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBlueberry, rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals, has been demonstrated to lower inflammatory status in adipose induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and obesity. The effect of blueberry on systemic immune functions has not been examined. C57BL/6 mice were randomised to one of three diets – low-fat diet (LFD), HFD and HFD plus 4 % (w/w) blueberry (HFD+B) – for 8 or 12 weeks.Ex vivoT-cell mitogens (concanavalin A (Con A); phytohaemagglutinin), T-cell antibody (anti-CD3; anti-CD3/CD28)-stimulated T-cell proliferation and cytokine production were assessed. After 8 weeks, both HFD groups weighed more (>4 g) than the LFD group; after 12 weeks, HFD+B-fed mice weighed more (>6 g) and had 41 % more adipose tissue than HFD-fed mice (P<0·05). After 12 weeks, T-cell proliferation was less in both HFD groups, compared with the LFD group. HFD-associated decrements in T-cell proliferation were partially (10–50 %) prevented by blueberry supplementation. At 12 weeks, splenocytes from HFD mice, but not from HFD+B mice, produced 51 % less IL-4 (CD3/CD28) and 57 % less interferon-γ(Con A) compared with splenocytes from LFD mice (P<0·05). In response to lipopolysaccharide challenge, splenocytes from both HFD groups produced 24–30 % less IL-6 and 27–33 % less TNF-αcompared with splenocytes from LFD mice (P<0·05), indicating impaired acute innate immune response. By demonstrating deleterious impacts of HFD feeding on T-cell proliferation and splenocyte immune responses, our results provide insights into how HFD/obesity can disrupt systemic immune function. The protective effects of blueberry suggest that dietary blueberry can buttress T-cell and systemic immune function against HFD-obesity-associated insults.
Oil from transgenicCamelina sativacontaining over 25 %n-3 long-chain PUFA as the major lipid source in feed for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Betancor Mónica B. , Li Keshuai , Bucerzan Valentin S. , Sprague Matthew , Sayanova Olga , Usher Sarah , Han Lihua , Norambuena Fernando , Torrissen Ole , Napier Johnathan A. , Tocher Douglas R. , Olsen Rolf E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFacing a bottleneck in the growth of aquaculture, and a gap in the supply and demand of the highly beneficialn-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA), sustainable alternatives to traditional marine-based feeds are required. Therefore, in the present trial, a novel oil obtained from a genetically engineered oilseed crop,Camelina sativa, that supplied over 25 %n-3 LC-PUFA was tested as a sole dietary-added lipid source in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feed. Three groups of fish were fed three experimental diets for 12 weeks with the same basal composition and containing 20 % added oil supplied by either a blend of fish oil and rapeseed oil (1:3) (COM) reflecting current commercial formulations, wild-type Camelina oil (WCO) or the novel transgenic Camelina oil (TCO). There were no negative effects on the growth, survival rate or health of the fish. The whole fish and fleshn-3 LC-PUFA levels were highest in fish fed TCO, with levels more than 2-fold higher compared with those of fish fed the COM and WCO diets, respectively. Diet TCO had no negative impacts on the evaluated immune and physiological parameters of head kidney monocytes. The transcriptomic responses of liver and mid-intestine showed only mild effects on metabolism genes. Overall, the results clearly indicated that the oil from transgenic Camelina was highly efficient in supplyingn-3 LC-PUFA providing levels double that obtained with a current commercial standard, and similar to those a decade ago before substantial dietary fishmeal and oil replacement.
Property, power and participation in local administration in the Dutch delta in the early modern period
Authors: BRUSSE PAUL 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAccording to the literature inspired by the ideas of Robert Brenner, leaseholders, small farmers and craftsmen did not participate in the local administration of those districts in the Dutch Republic where the majority of land was owned by large landowners. However, in this article we show that, at least in the Dutch river clay area, where water management was an essential part of the population's struggle to survive the annual floods, the battle against the elements induced people, regardless of their property relations and social distinctions, to share power in order to overcome the challenges they all faced. The study also contributes to the growing literature about the effects of water management on political culture in the North Sea area.
An EEG study of the relationship between design problem statements and cognitive behaviors during conceptual design
Authors: Liu Longfan , Li Yan , Xiong Yan , Cao Juan , Yuan Ping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the design process, different problem statements result in different problem-solving strategies. A proper problem statement is the key to effective problem-solving. Based on the characteristics of the product design process, we divided design problem statements into open-ended (OE), decision-making (DM), and constrained (CO) statements and attempted to investigate the influences of different problem statements on designers’ cognitive behaviors from three perspectives, namely divergent thinking, convergent thinking, and mental workload. Then we provided quantification description to these influences based on electroencephalography (EEG) technology. We conducted experiments on 19 participants and used the BrainProduct™ actiChamp-32 to record the EEG data. Results are as follows: (1) The higher task-related α power was found in the temporal and occipital regions in the OE task compared with that in the DM and CO tasks. The OE statement also would help designers get novel ideas by strengthening their divergent thinking. (2) In the DM and CO tasks, there was no significant difference in the impact of the brain region on convergent thinking, but activities in the left hemisphere were stronger than that in the right hemisphere. The DM and CO tasks have better performance in convergent thinking than the OE task. (3) In the CO task, the designer's mental workload is the highest and mainly related to the activation of the centroparietal and occipital regions. These findings help designers understand the design problem-solving process from the perspective of cognitive science and monitor their thinking modes in the design process so as to improve their design performance.
The Understanding of Death in Terminally Ill Cancer Patients in China: An Initial Study
Authors: HUANG HAI SHAN , ZENG TIE YING , MAO JING , LIU XIAO HONG 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:Patient’s needs and rights are the key to delivering state-of-the-art modern nursing care. It is especially challenging to provide proper nursing care for patients who are reaching the end of life (EOL). In Chinese culture nursing practice, the perception and expectations of these EOL patients are not well known. This article explores the feelings and wishes of 16 terminally ill Chinese cancer patients who are going through the dying process. An open-ended questionnaire with eight items was used to interview 16 terminally ill Chinese cancer patients, and was then analyzed by a combined approach employing grounded theory and interpretive phenomenological analysis. Four dimensions were explored: first, patient’s attitudes towards death, such as accepting the fact calmly, striving to survive, and the desire for control; second, the care desired during the dying process, including avoiding excessive treatment and dying with dignity; third, the degree of the patient’s acceptance of death; and fourth, the consequences of death. This cognitive study offers a fundamental understanding of perceptions of death of terminally ill cancer patients from the Chinese culture. Their attitude toward death was complex. They did not prefer aggressive treatment and most of them had given a great deal of thought to their death.
Marine and Terrestrial Organic Ice‐Nucleating Particles in Pristine Marine to Continentally Influenced Northeast Atlantic Air Masses
Authors: McCluskey Christina S. , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Rinaldi Matteo , Atkinson James , Belosi Franco , Ceburnis Darius , Marullo Salvatore , Hill Thomas C. J. , Lohmann Ulrike , Kanji Zamin A. , O'Dowd Colin , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , DeMott Paul J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSea spray aerosol (SSA) generated by bubble bursting at the ocean surface is an important component of aerosol‐cloud interactions over remote oceans, providing the atmosphere with ice‐nucleating particles (INPs) or particles required for heterogeneous ice nucleation. Studies have shown that organic INPs are emitted during phytoplankton blooms, but changes in INP number concentrations (nINPs) due to ocean biological activity have not been directly demonstrated in natural SSA. In this study, a clean sector sampler was used to differentiate ice nucleation and composition of pristine SSA from terrestrial aerosol at the Mace Head Research Station in August 2015. Average nINPs active at −15 °C (nINPs,−15 °C) were 0.0011 L−1, and large variability (up to a factor of 200) was observed for INPs active warmer than −22 °C. Highest nINPs in the clean sector occurred during a period of elevated marine organic aerosol from offshore biological activity (M1, nINPs,−15 °C = 0.0077 L−1). A peak in nINPs was also observed in terrestrial organic aerosol (T1, nINPs,−15 °C = 0.0076 L−1). The impacts of heating and hydrogen peroxide digestion on nINPs indicate that INPs at Mace Head Research Station were largely organic and that INPs observed during M1 and T1 were biological (i.e., protein containing). Complexities of predicting increases in nINPs due to offshore biological activity are explored. A parameterization for pristine SSA INPs over the North Atlantic Ocean was developed, illustrating that SSA is associated with a factor of 1,000 fewer ice‐nucleating sites per surface area of aerosol compared to mineral dust.
Pore‐Scale Visualization of Methane Hydrate‐Bearing Sediments With Micro‐CT
Authors: Lei Liang , Seol Yongkoo , Jarvis Karl 
Published: May 2018

AbstractX‐ray computed tomography (CT) has become a critical technique in the study of porous media. It has attracted growing attention for analyzing hydrate‐bearing sediment, but this has been done using surrogates (Xe/Kr) only due to difficulties in distinguishing methane hydrate from water. This study presents the successful imaging of methane hydrate coexisting with pore liquid, gas, and sediments. We used potassium iodide (KI) solutions and in‐line propagation‐based phase‐contrast CT analysis of X‐ray attenuation and diffraction to distinguish the four materials. Thus, consideration for CT‐related X‐ray physics was necessary to optimize KI concentrations, improve material separation with X‐ray propagation, and properly interpret artifacts within the images. The images clearly show methane hydrate in the pore space of sand (~250 μm) coexisting with KI solution and gas. Following this, X‐ray CT can now be used to visualize pore habits of natural methane hydrate in sediment cores.
The Impact of Drought on Native Southern California Vegetation: Remote Sensing Analysis Using MODIS‐Derived Time Series
Authors: Okin Gregory S. , Dong Chunyu , Willis Katherine S. , Gillespie Thomas W. , MacDonald Glen M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEcosystems in Mediterranean climates are adapted to seasonal drought. Multiannual drought, however, may significantly affect Mediterranean ecosystems and, further, may affect their constituent communities in different ways with differences in responses emerging during severe drought and over the course of long‐term climate change. This study investigates the response to recent prolonged drought of two important Mediterranean‐climate vegetation types: chaparral and coastal sage scrub. Their greenness was monitored from 2000 to 2017 using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. A bootstrapped multiple regression of NDVI anomalies against Palmer Drought Severity Index was used to assess the response of vegetation to drought. The results suggest that drought had a greater effect on chaparral‐dominated ecosystems than coastal sage over the entire region. Shallow‐rooted coastal sage scrub displayed higher interannual variability in NDVI than chaparral but had a lower correlation with Palmer Drought Severity Index. This suggests that this vegetation community is generally less responsive to drought on longer timescales than chaparral, which may be more sensitive to soil water depletion in a prolonged drought. Soil texture plays a critical role in affecting the community sensitivity to drought. For chaparral communities, elevation is negatively correlated with drought sensitivity, suggesting the role of temperature‐related water stress on their long‐term response to drought. Future predicted climate change in the form of increased temperature and drought hazards in Southern California will influence the native ecosystems in nonuniform ways. Long‐term trends in soil moisture depletion and temperature may be particularly important in chaparral‐dominated areas.
A new quantum speed-meter interferometer: measuring speed to search for intermediate mass black holes
Authors: Danilishin Stefan L. , Knyazev Eugene , Voronchev Nikita V. , Khalili Farid Ya. , Gräf Christian , Steinlechner Sebastian , Hennig Jan-Simon , Hild Stefan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe recent discovery of gravitational waves (GW) by Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Observatory) has impressively launched the novel field of gravitational astronomy and allowed us to glimpse exciting objects about which we could previously only speculate. Further sensitivity improvements at the low-frequency end of the detection band of future GW observatories must rely on quantum non-demolition (QND) methods to suppress fundamental quantum fluctuations of the light fields used to readout the GW signal. Here we present a novel concept of how to turn a conventional Michelson interferometer into a QND speed-meter interferometer with coherently suppressed quantum back-action noise. We use two orthogonal polarizations of light and an optical circulator to couple them. We carry out a detailed analysis of how imperfections and optical loss influence the achievable sensitivity. We find that the proposed configuration significantly enhances the low-frequency sensitivity and increases the observable event rate of binary black-hole coalescences in the range of $$10^2 - 10^3\,M_ \odot$$
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Fermentative Spirochaetes mediate necromass recycling in anoxic hydrocarbon-contaminated habitats
Authors: Dong Xiyang , Greening Chris , Brüls Thomas , Conrad Ralf , Guo Kun , Blaskowski Svenja , Kaschani Farnusch , Kaiser Markus , Laban Nidal Abu , Meckenstock Rainer U 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Spirochaetes are frequently detected in anoxic hydrocarbon- and organohalide-polluted groundwater, but their role in such ecosystems has remained unclear. To address this, we studied a sulfate-reducing, naphthalene-degrading enrichment culture, mainly comprising the sulfate reducer Desulfobacterium N47 and the rod-shaped Spirochete Rectinema cohabitans HM. Genome sequencing and proteome analysis suggested that the Spirochete is an obligate fermenter that catabolizes proteins and carbohydrates, resulting in acetate, ethanol, and molecular hydrogen (H2) production. Physiological experiments inferred that hydrogen is an important link between the two bacteria in the enrichment culture, with H2 derived from fermentation by R. cohabitans used as reductant for sulfate reduction by Desulfobacterium N47. Differential proteomics and physiological experiments showed that R. cohabitans utilizes biomass (proteins and carbohydrates) released from dead cells of Desulfobacterium N47. Further comparative and community genome analyses indicated that other Rectinema phylotypes are widespread in contaminated environments and may perform a hydrogenogenic fermentative lifestyle similar to R. cohabitans. Together, these findings indicate that environmental Spirochaetes scavenge detrital biomass and in turn drive necromass recycling at anoxic hydrocarbon-contaminated sites and potentially other habitats.
Taxonomic diversity of fungi deposited from the atmosphere
Authors: Woo Cheolwoon , An Choa , Xu Siyu , Yi Seung-Muk , Yamamoto Naomichi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Fungi release spores into the global atmosphere. The emitted spores are deposited to the surface of the Earth by sedimentation (dry deposition) and precipitation (wet deposition), and therefore contribute to the global cycling of substances. However, knowledge is scarce regarding the diversities of fungi deposited from the atmosphere. Here, an automatic dry and wet deposition sampler and high-throughput sequencing plus quantitative PCR were used to observe taxonomic diversities and flux densities of atmospheric fungal deposition. Taxon-specific fungal deposition velocities and aerodynamic diameters (da) were determined using a collocated cascade impactor for volumetric, particle-size-resolved air sampling. Large multicellular spore-producing dothideomycetes (da ≥ 10.0 μm) were predominant in dry deposition, with a mean velocity of 0.80 cm s−1 for all fungal taxa combined. Higher taxonomic richness was observed in fungal assemblages in wet deposition than in dry deposition, suggesting the presence of fungal taxa that are deposited only in wet form. In wet deposition, agaricomycetes, including mushroom-forming fungi, and sordariomycetes, including plant pathogenic species, were enriched, indicating that such fungal spores serve as nuclei in clouds, and/or are discharged preferentially during precipitation. Moreover, this study confirmed that fungal assemblage memberships and structures were significantly different between dry and wet deposition (P-test, p &lt; 0.001). Overall, these findings suggest taxon-specific involvement of fungi in precipitation, and provide important insights into potential links between environmental changes that can disturb regional microbial communities (e.g., deforestation) and changes in precipitation patterns that might be mediated by changes in microbial communities in the atmosphere.
mGluR5 mediates post-radiotherapy fatigue development in cancer patients
Authors: Feng Li Rebekah , Fernández-Martínez Juan Luis , Zaal Kristien J.M. , deAndrés-Galiana Enrique J , Wolff Brian S. , Saligan Leorey N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common burden in cancer patients and little is known about its underlying mechanism. The primary aim of this study was to identify gene signatures predictive of post-radiotherapy fatigue in prostate cancer patients. We employed Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to identify predictive genes using whole genome microarray data from 36 men with prostate cancer. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to determine functional networks of the predictive genes. Functional validation was performed using a T lymphocyte cell line, Jurkat E6.1. Cells were pretreated with metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) agonist (DHPG), antagonist (MPEP), or control (PBS) for 20 min before irradiation at 8 Gy in a Mark-1 γ-irradiator. NF-κB activation was assessed using a NF-κB/Jurkat/GFP Transcriptional Reporter Cell Line. LDA achieved 83.3% accuracy in predicting post-radiotherapy fatigue. “Glutamate receptor signaling” was the most significant (p = 0.0002) pathway among the predictive genes. Functional validation using Jurkat cells revealed clustering of mGluR5 receptors as well as increased regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) production post irradiation in cells pretreated with DHPG, whereas inhibition of mGluR5 activity with MPEP decreased RANTES concentration after irradiation. DHPG pretreatment amplified irradiation-induced NF-κB activation suggesting a role of mGluR5 in modulating T cell activation after irradiation. These results suggest that mGluR5 signaling in T cells may play a key role in the development of chronic inflammation resulting in fatigue and contribute to individual differences in immune responses to radiation. Moreover, modulating mGluR5 provides a novel therapeutic option to treat CRF.
Two novel VCP missense variants identified in Japanese patients with multisystem proteinopathy
Authors: Inoue Michio , Iida Aritoshi , Hayashi Shinichiro , Mori-Yoshimura Madoka , Nagaoka Atsushi , Yoshimura Shunsuke , Shiraishi Hirokazu , Tsujino Akira , Takahashi Yuji , Nonaka Ikuya , Hayashi Yukiko K. , Noguchi Satoru , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVCP mutations were first associated with inclusion body myopathy with Paget’s disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) but was later associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. Now, a new name, “multisystem proteinopathy (MSP)”, is proposed for this condition. VCP encodes valosin-containing protein, which is involved in protein degradation in the ubiquitin proteasome system. We report here two MSP patients with two novel heterozygous missense variants in VCP: c.259G>T (p.Val87Phe) and c.376A>G (p.Ile126Val).
Upconversion nanocomposite for programming combination cancer therapy by precise control of microscopic temperature
Authors: Zhu Xingjun , Li Jiachang , Qiu Xiaochen , Liu Yi , Feng Wei , Li Fuyou 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCombinational administration of chemotherapy (CT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely used to treat cancer. However, the scheduling of CT and PTT and how it will affect the therapeutic efficacy has not been thoroughly investigated. The challenge is to realize the sequence control of these two therapeutic modes. Herein, we design a temperature sensitive upconversion nanocomposite for CT-PTT combination therapy. By monitoring the microscopic temperature of the nanocomposite with upconversion luminescence, photothermal effect can be adjusted to achieve thermally triggered combination therapy with a sequence of CT, followed by PTT. We find that CT administered before PTT results in better therapeutic effect than other administration sequences when the dosages of chemodrug and heat are kept at the same level. This work proposes a programmed method to arrange the process of combination cancer therapy, which takes full advantage of each therapeutic mode and contributes to the development of new cancer therapy strategies.