bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivetrain reliability improvements from long-term field data processed in the cloud
Authors: Peeters Cédric , Gioia Nicoletta , Daems Pieter-Jan , Verbeke Jonas , Verstraeten Timothy , Nowé Ann , Helsen Jan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This work describes an autonomous condition monitoring framework to process and analyze data measured on wind turbine gearboxes. Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things open the door for much more elaborate measurement and data analysis campaigns thanks to the reduction in cost of sensors and of processing power. This increase in data acquisition and handling potential is especially useful considering that most current state-of-the-art methods in signal processing often lead to large quantities of health indicators due to the multiple processing steps. Such large numbers of indicators become unfeasible to inspect manually when the data volume and the number of monitored turbines increases. Therefore, this paper illustrates a hybrid analysis approach that combines advanced signal processing methods with machine learning and anomaly detection. This approach is validated on an experimental wind turbine gearbox vibration data set.
Framework for managing the operations and maintenance of wind farms
Authors: Izquierdo J. , Erguido A. , Zubizarreta P.X. , Uribetxebarria J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The operations and maintenance of a wind farm constitutes a considerable source of expenditures therefore a holistic framework is herein presented aiming at optimising their management. The principles upon which the framework was developed belongs to the asset management discipline oriented towards the wind energy sector. Besides, it is understood from a cross functional perspective which also embraces information management and business aspects. The framework comprehends different modules conceived with the following purposes: (i) creation of an integral and comprehensive failure database, (ii) modelling of the wind turbines’ reliability taking into account their operational context and (iii) defining of maintenance strategy within a life-cycle perspective. The practical aspects of the framework are demonstrated through a case study based on real-field data from the sector. Furthermore, the present research sets the foundation to consider all the proposed algorithms, processes and techniques within a Product-Service System approach, which entails important benefits for the OEMs an for the operators.
Marine N2O emissions during a Younger Dryas-like event: the role of meridional overturning, tropical thermocline ventilation, and biological productivity
Authors: Joos Fortunat , Battaglia Gianna , Fischer Hubertus , Jeltsch-Thömmes Aurich , Schmitt Jochen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Past variations in atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) allow important insight into abrupt climate events. Here, we investigate marine N2O emissions by forcing the Bern3D Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity with freshwater into the North Atlantic. The model simulates a decrease in marine N2O emissions of about 0.8 TgN yr−1 followed by a recovery, in reasonable agreement regarding timing and magnitude with isotope-based reconstructions of marine emissions for the Younger Dryas Northern Hemisphere cold event. In the model the freshwater forcing causes a transient near-collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) leading to a fast adjustment in thermocline ventilation and an increase in O2 in tropical eastern boundary systems and in the tropical Indian Ocean. In turn, net production by nitrification and denitrification and N2O emissions decrease in these regions. The decrease in organic matter export, mainly in the North Atlantic where ventilation and nutrient supply is suppressed, explains the remaining emission reduction. Modeled global marine N2O production and emission changes are delayed, initially by up to 300 years, relative to the AMOC decrease, but by less than 50 years at peak decline. The N2O perturbation is recovering only slowly and the lag between the recovery in AMOC and the recovery in N2O emissions and atmospheric concentrations exceeds 400 years. Thus, our results suggest a century-scale lag between ocean circulation and marine N2O emissions, and a tight coupling between changes in AMOC and tropical thermocline ventilation.
Varying climate response across the tundra, forest-tundra and boreal forest biomes in northern West Siberia
Authors: Miles Martin W , Miles Victoria V , Esau Igor 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Satellite studies using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) have revealed changes in northern Eurasian vegetation productivity in recent decades, including greening in tundra and browning in the boreal forests. However, apparent NDVI changes and relationships to climate depend on the temporal and spatial sampling and the biome and forest-land cover type studied. Here we perform a consistent analysis of NDVI and climate across four bioclimatic zones (tundra, forest-tundra, northern and middle taiga) in northern West Siberia (NWS), further stratified into eight forest-land cover types. We utilize NDVI data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and climate reanalysis data from 2000 to 2016, a period including the record warm anomaly in 2016 (+2 °C–5 °C June–July surface air temperature (SAT) across NWS). Statistically significant (α = 0.05) correlations were found for two bivariate relationships at the biome level: between NDVImax and June–July surface air temperature (SAT)(r ∼ +0.79), and between middle taiga NDVImax and July precipitation (r ∼ +0.48). No significant statistical relationships were found for the northern taiga and forest-tundra biomes. However, within these biomes we found that deciduous needle-leaf (larch) NDVImax is significantly correlated with July temperature (r ∼ +0.48). Qualitatively, spatial composites of NDVI and climate variables were effective for revealing insights and patterns of these relationships at the sub-regional scale. The spatial heterogeneity of NDVI patterns indicates divergent reactions of specific types of vegetation, as well as local effects that are clearly important on the background of a regional climate response.
Comparison of 3D Imaging Technologies for Wheat Phenotyping
Authors: Mohamed Imran , Dudley Richard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The in-field measurement of phenotypes or traits of wheat such as ear size is important data for use in the development of newer wheat varieties. The data is currently gathered manually from hundreds of test plots by random sampling of the what within each plot. To improve the data quality and data collection speed, we investigate and compare the use three different 3D imaging technologies: multistereo imaging, time-of-flight and structured light laser scanning to produce point clouds of a wheat plant in-situ. Measurements of the wheat plant’s ear is made from the generated point clouds.
Exploring the impact of innovation adoption in agriculture: how and where Precision Agriculture Technologies can be suitable for the Italian farm system?
Authors: Bucci G , Bentivoglio D , Finco A , Belletti M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Starting from the twenty-first century, the digital paradigm has brought with it a new way of thinking about innovation within the firms through the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Information and Communications Technology (ICT), keys factors of digital transformation technologies. In addition, the use of Precision Agriculture (PA) has created a new approach to farming practices, allowing farmers to reduce the inputs, while protecting natural resources. Today, also in Italy PA is starting to be an effective technological innovation potentially capable to improve farms efficiency and sustainability. Given these considerations, the present paper aims, firstly, to review the factors more affect the adoption of precision agriculture technologies (PATs); secondly, to investigate where the PATs could be convenient to apply in Italy. A multi-Criteria Decision Analysis method is performed to achieve this goal. The analysis shows that the geographical area more likely to use PATs in Italy is the North East territory. However, in Italy, the adoption of these technologies in agriculture meets various obstacles: the cultural barrier to innovation and a limited awareness of benefits; the reduced average size of farms, with the difficulty of investing in and appreciating the benefits of PATs.
Design a Web Platform to manage environmental monitoring information to be used in multicriteria evaluations of Green Infrastructures
Authors: Gallo R , Ristorto G , Bojeri A , Zorzi N , Rinaldi M F , Sauli G , Mazzetto F 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The aim of the WEQUAL project “WEb service centre for QUALity multidimensional design and tele-operated monitoring of Green Infrastructures”) is the development of a system able to support a quick environmental monitoring of watercourses where new hydraulic structures are intended to be built, encouraging the identification of design solutions supporting the diffusion of Green Infrastructures (GI). The WEQUAL’s idea is to organize a service centre where users (designer, technician, researcher) can access the service through a personal account and carry out an assessment of alternative GI projects.
Through some automatic procedures, accessible via a suitable web platform, a set of algorithms may be applied to process raw data collected by an UAV (Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle) equipped with a 3D Lidar, multispectral camera and RGB camera, for the purpose of calculating the WEQUI Index. The WEQUI index is used to assesses the eco-morphological status of the monitored watercourse, taking advantage from data related to NDVI index, Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Digital Surface Model (DSM) and a 3D point cloud classification.
The computed value of the WEQUI index may be used to assess the eco-morphological quality at ex-ante and ex-post river stabilization or protection intervention. The platform will provide a shared environment integrating indices calculations and environmental-parameters assessment for multidimensional evaluations.
Proposal of an ontological approach to design and analyse farm information systems to support Precision Agriculture techniques
Authors: Mazzetto F , Gallo R , Riedl M , Sacco P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
After a comparative evaluation around the concepts of Industry 4.0, Precision Agriculture and Smart Farming, the paper discusses the necessity of identifying solutions able to apply the methods of the so-called Knowledge Management 4.0 in the agri-environmental enterprises. To this aim, an ontology based on a conceptual map derived from the data-to-information transformation is here proposed to support the design of a new generation of Farm Information Systems (FIS) able to fit the production needs of agri-environmental enterprises. The data-to-information cycle is split into four phases: A) Data collection, B) Data processing, C) Data analysis and evaluation, and D) Use of information. Phases A and D comprise tools of “light digitization” typically referring to OLTP components (On Line Transactional Processes). On their turn, phases B and C are typically formed by “heavy digitization” components (On Line Analytical Processes), generally more complicated to be managed by the farmers directly. The conceptual map defined by the ontology is firstly useful to plan the composition of the FIS according to a modular approach, possibly following a strategy that starts to consider the introduction of OLTP components, for then evolving gradually towards more articulated solutions that include also OLAP component and related functions. In this way, decision makers can manage practical planning instrument able to show clearly the level of complexity a FIS can reach, thus evaluating its sustainability with respect to the financial, cultural and professional resources available at the farm. Finally, after having underlined the opportunities offered by Cloud Computing and widespread connectivity, that provide an easier adoption of OLAP tools, some application cases are presented and discussed.
Scanning Probe Microscopy for polymer film characterization in food packaging
Authors: Marinello F , Pezzuolo A , Passeri D , La Storia A , Mauriello G 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is a branch of microscopy allowing characterization of surfaces at the micro-scale by means of a physical probe (with a size of a few microns) raster scanning the sample. SPMs monitor the interaction between such probe and the surface and, depending on the specific physical principles causing the interaction, they allow generation of a quantitative map of topographic properties: geometrical, optical, electrical, magnetic, etc. This is of the greatest interest, in particular whenever functional surfaces have to be characterized in a quantitative manner. The present paper discusses the different applications of Scanning Probe Microscopy techniques for a thorough characterization of polymer surfaces, of specific interest in particular for the case of food packaging applications.
Modelling the distribution of Shorea leprosula in Kalimantan, Indonesia: a tool for conservation planning
Authors: Lestari N S , Elith J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Shorea leprosula belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae family, a dominant family in Indonesia’s rainforest. The population of this species has been depleted due to extensive logging, high rates of deforestation and forest degradation in the past several decades. However, the current status of the species’ range and distribution remains unknown. This research project aims to understand and predict the distribution of S. leprosula in Kalimantan using species distribution models (SDMs). This study used presence records and presence-absence records from field surveys and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database. Two modelling methods, MaxEnt and generalized linear models (GLMs), were used to predict species distribution. Prediction maps varied with modelling methods and different datasets, producing different emphases on areas suitable for S. leprosula. Even though the descriptive and predictive capabilities of the models are considered modest, the models provide useful insights about environmental factors that affect the distribution pattern of S. leprosula. Given the limitations of species records used in this study, the model outputs also need to be cautiously interpreted to avoid prediction biases. This research project also highlights some issues that arise in using small sample sizes in developing the model. Despite its limitations, the prediction maps generated by the models can give some hints to identify the areas with high possibility of the presence of S. leprosula in Kalimantan. In addition, this research project also provides some important information on how to improve model predictions for future development to support species conservation in Indonesia’s rainforests.
Promoting community forestry to reduce deforestation surrounding Gunung Rinjani National Park in Central Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Nurrochmat D R , Massijaya M Y , Jaya I N S , Abdulah L , Ekayani M , Astuti E W , Erbaugh J T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Illegal logging and encroachment are the main drivers of deforestation in Lombok Island. However, recent increases in the frequency of floods and landslides has enhanced local awareness of ecosystem restoration. This study confirms that community participation is an important factor for protecting forests, among others through involvement in ecotourism activities at Gunung Rinjani National Park and participation in agroforestry program in the park’s buffer zone. Since 2010, Community Forestry Program in Central Lombok has been integrated with a scheme of reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). Although Community Forestry has been successfully implemented in several areas of production forests and protection forests, this scheme is a newly introduced government policy for reforming the management of conservation areas in Indonesia. Through this scheme, local communities have a bundle of rights to manage a parcel of forestland around Gunung Rinjani National Park. In addition to giving access to manage forestland, this scheme also supports the empowerment of local communities to manage forests in more sustainable ways, e.g. through the utilization of non-timber forest products, the cultivation of crops on land under the forest stand, and the rehabilitation of degraded forest lands. This study investigates the trajectories of deforestation, identifies direct and underlying causes of deforestation, and describes the role of Community Forestry to reduce deforestation in Central Lombok.
Stakeholder’s movement on forest resource management: a study in Merangin, Jambi Province
Authors: Hidayat H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigates three critical issues related to forest resource management in Merangin District, Jambi Province. First, it emphasizes how forest land conversion from coffee plantations, palm oil, and mining resulted in deforestation. Second, it highlights how migrant tribes from South Sumatera establish coffee plantations in the National Park of Kerinci Sebelat in Merangin district. Third, it highlights the impact of deforestation due to encroachment, coffee plantations, and mining as well as the related ecological damage. Confronting these three issues requires considering stakeholders’ movements and views on the role of government, private companies, NGOs, and participation of local communities. This research finds the role of government, represented by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, as well as Forestry Agency Offices at the province and district levels, is important to the issue and regulation of sanctions for logging concession holders and migrant tribes from South Sumatera. Therefore, in order to implement sustainable forest management (SFM), the government invites logging concession holder and participation of local community on developing forest resource by planting trees which the scheme of social forestry and village forest. This livelihood strategy is an alternative to previous strategies that focused on paddy rice cultivation and coffee agroforestry. This livelihood change is especially notable for migrant tribes and members from local community. In contrast, the role of NGOs is very important in launching a critique concerning the impact of ecological damage, including soil erosion, flood and water contamination, which results from forest encroaching and mining.
Migration of Talc From the Perineum to Multiple Pelvic Organ Sites
Authors: McDonald Sandra A , Fan Yuwei , Welch William R , Cramer Daniel W , Godleski John J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesGenital talc use is associated with increased risk for ovarian carcinoma in epidemiologic studies. Finding talc in pelvic tissues in women with ovarian carcinoma who have used talc is important in documenting exposure and assessing talc’s biologic potential, but tissue-based morphology studies have been rarely reported.MethodsWe report five patient cases with documented perineal talc use, each of whom had talc (by both polarized light and scanning electron microscopy) in multiple pelvic sites distant from the perineum. Six negative-exposure control patients were also analyzed.ResultsTalc particles were found in exposed patients, typically within two or more of the following locations: pelvic region lymph nodes, cervix, uterine corpus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.ConclusionsOur report adds new insights into the biologic potential of talc and suggests additional anatomic sites that should be closely examined for talc by oncologic surgical pathologists in the setting of perineal talc use.
Two-Phase, Generalized Case-Control Designs for the Study of Quantitative Longitudinal Outcomes
Authors: Schildcrout Jonathan S , Haneuse Sebastien , Tao Ran , Zelnick Leila R , Schisterman Enrique F , Garbett Shawn P , Mercaldo Nathaniel D , Rathouz Paul J , Heagerty Patrick J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We propose a general class of 2-phase epidemiologic study designs for quantitative, longitudinal data that are useful when phase 1 longitudinal outcome and covariate data are available but data on the exposure (e.g., a biomarker) can only be collected on a subset of subjects during phase 2. To conduct a study using a design in the class, one first summarizes the longitudinal outcomes by fitting a simple linear regression of the response on a time-varying covariate for each subject. Sampling strata are defined by splitting the estimated regression intercept or slope distributions into distinct (low, medium, and high) regions. Stratified sampling is then conducted from strata defined by the intercepts, by the slopes, or from a mixture. In general, samples selected with extreme intercept values will yield low variances for associations of time-fixed exposures with the outcome and samples enriched with extreme slope values will yield low variances for associations of time-varying exposures with the outcome (including interactions with time-varying exposures). We describe ascertainment-corrected maximum likelihood and multiple-imputation estimation procedures that permit valid and efficient inferences. We embed all methodological developments within the framework of conducting a substudy that seeks to examine genetic associations with lung function among continuous smokers in the Lung Health Study (United States and Canada, 1986–1994).
The Problem With Mechanistic Risk of Bias Assessments in Evidence Synthesis of Observational Studies and a Practical Alternative: Assessing the Impact of Specific Sources of Potential Bias
Authors: Savitz David A , Wellenius Gregory A , Trikalinos Thomas A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The trustworthiness of individual studies is routinely characterized in systemic reviews by evaluating risk of bias, often by mechanistically applying standardized algorithms. However, such instruments prioritize the repeatability of the process over a more thoughtful and informative but necessarily somewhat more subjective approach. In mechanistic risk of bias assessments, the focus is on determining whether specific biases are present, but these assessments do not provide insights into the direction, magnitude, and relative importance of individual biases. In such assessments, all potential biases are naively treated as equally important threats to validity and equally important across all research topics, potentially leading to inappropriate conclusions about the overall strength of the available evidence. Instead, risk of bias assessments be should focused on identifying a few of the most likely influential sources of bias, based on methodologic and subject matter expertise, classifying each specific study on the basis of on how effectively it has addressed each potential bias, and determining whether results differ across studies in relation to susceptibility to each hypothesized source of bias. This approach provides insight into the potential impact of each specific bias, identifies a subset of studies likely to best approximate the causal effect, and suggests design features needed to improve future research.