bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of IOTA ADNEX model in evaluating adnexal masses in a gynecological oncology center in China
Authors: Chen H. , Qian L. , Jiang M. , Du Q. , Yuan F. , Feng W. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model in the preoperative diagnosis of adnexal masses using data from a gynecological oncology center in China.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective diagnostic accuracy study based on ultrasound data collected prospectively, between May and December 2017, from 278 patients with at least one adnexal (ovarian, paraovarian or tubal) mass. Clinical and pathologic information, serum CA 125 level and ultrasonographic findings were collected. All patients underwent surgery and the histopathological diagnosis was used as reference standard. The final diagnosis was classified into five tumor types according to the ADNEX model: benign ovarian tumor, borderline ovarian tumor (BOT), Stage‐I ovarian cancer (OC), Stages‐II–IV OC and ovarian metastasis. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the ADNEX model, with and without inclusion of CA 125 level in the model.ResultsOf the 278 women included, 203 (73.0%) had a benign ovarian tumor and 75 (27.0%) had a malignant ovarian tumor, including 18 (6.5%) with BOT, 17 (6.1%) with Stage‐I OC, 32 (11.5%) with Stages‐II–IV OC and eight (2.9%) with ovarian metastasis. The performance of the IOTA ADNEX model was good for discriminating between benign and malignant tumors, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91–0.97) when CA 125 was included in the model and AUC of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.90–0.96) without CA 125. The AUC values of the model including CA 125 ranged between 0.61 and 0.99 for distinguishing between the different types of tumor, and it showed excellent performance in discriminating between a benign ovarian tumor and Stages‐II–IV OC, with an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.97–1.00). The performance of the model was less effective at distinguishing between BOT and Stage‐I OC and between Stages‐II–IV OC and ovarian metastasis, with AUC values of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.43–0.77) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.62–0.90), respectively. Although inclusion of CA 125 did not alter the performance of the ADNEX model in discriminating between benign and malignant lesions (AUC of 0.94 and 0.93 with and without CA 125 level, respectively; P = 0.54), the inclusion of CA 125 in the model improved its performance in discriminating between Stage‐I OC and Stages‐II–IV OC (AUC increased from 0.81 to 0.92; P = 0.04) and between Stages‐II–IV OC and metastatic cancer (AUC increased from 0.58 to 0.78; P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe IOTA ADNEX model showed good to excellent performance in distinguishing between benign and malignant adnexal masses and between the different types of ovarian tumor in a Chinese setting. Based on our findings, the ADNEX model has high value in clinical practice and can aid in the preoperative diagnosis of patients with an adnexal mass. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Fusion of ultrasound and 3D single‐photon‐emission computed tomography/computed tomography to identify sentinel lymph nodes in vulvar cancer: feasibility study
Authors: Garganese G. , Bove S. , Zagaria L. , Moro F. , Fragomeni S. M. , Ieria F. P. , Gentileschi S. , Romeo P. , Di Giorgio D. , Giordano A. , Scambia G. , Testa A. C. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of fusion of ultrasound imaging and three‐dimensional (3D) single‐photon‐emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in detecting sentinel lymph nodes in women with vulvar cancer.MethodsThis was a prospective pilot single‐center study. Patients with vulvar cancer who were candidates for sentinel lymph‐node biopsy were enrolled between December 2018 and February 2019. Fusion imaging virtual navigation using 3D SPECT/CT and ultrasound was performed to investigate the tumor‐draining lymph node. All clinical, imaging, surgical and histological information was collected prospectively and entered into a dedicated Excel file. Feasibility and success of fusion imaging virtual navigation and time needed to perform the three steps of fusion imaging were evaluated.ResultsTen lymph‐node sites were evaluated in five consecutive women with a histological diagnosis of vulvar cancer. Fusion imaging virtual navigation was feasible and completed successfully for all (10/10) draining sites. Median overall time to perform fusion imaging was 32 (range, 25–40) min and the time decreased from the first to the last examination.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that fusion imaging virtual navigation using 3D SPECT/CT and ultrasound is feasible and able to detect sentinel lymph nodes in women with vulvar carcinoma. Fusion imaging using ultrasound for detection of sentinel lymph nodes opens up multiple diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities in gynecological oncology. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment using UV‐enhanced electro‐Fenton process: Comparative study
Authors: Behfar Rezvan , Davarnejad Reza 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this research, treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater (PhW) obtained from a factory by electro‐Fenton (EF) and photoelectro‐Fenton (PEF) processes was investigated. The effects of several parameters involving pH, current density, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio, volume ratio of H2O2/PhW, UVA light, and time were studied. The experiments were designed by Design Expert software, and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimum conditions for the highest COD removal. According to the analysis of variance (ANOVA), time was the most significant parameter on the process response (COD removal) followed by current density. The optimal conditions for 86.85% of COD removal through the EF process were at pH of 2.96, current density of 42.90 mA/cm2, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 3.78, volume ratio of H2O2/PhW of 1.37 ml/L, and reaction time of 58.49 min, while the optimal conditions for 93.00% of COD removal through PEF process were at pH of 2.91, current density of 43.71 mA/cm2, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 4.29, volume ratio of H2O2/PhW of 1.67 ml/L, UVA light of 6 W, and reaction time of 54.24 min. It was concluded that UVA light can increase the COD removal through PEF process around 7% more than that of the EF process at optimum conditions.Practitioner points

Treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater by EF and PEF processes was investigated.

Effects of several parameters were entirely studied on both the processes.

RSM was applied to determine optimum conditions for the highest COD removal for both the processes.

UVA light increased COD removal through PEF process (around 7%) at the optimum conditions.
1,4‐Dioxane‐contaminated groundwater remediation in the anode chamber of a microbial fuel cell
Authors: Aryal Ramesh , Xia Chunjie , Liu Jia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA two‐chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) was used for the first time for the remediation of an emerging contaminant—1,4‐dioxane in its anode chamber. Groundwater historically detected 1,4‐dioxane contamination was sampled from a Superfund site. Comparative study was carried out between metabolic (i.e., 1,4‐dioxane as sole carbon source) and cometabolic (i.e., 1,4‐dioxane and methanol as carbon sources) anodic degradations. It was found that cometabolic degradation increased 1,4‐dioxane removal by 10%–52% after 7 days and increased maximum power production of the MFC by 18% to 88.9 mW/m3. Oxalic acid was detected as a main metabolic degradation product. Beside oxalic acid, acetic acid and isopropanol were also detected as main products for cometabolic degradation. The presence of a biofilm for 1,4‐dioxane anodic degradation was observed by a scanning electron microscopy. Phyla of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, as well as a variety of species, were identified for the first time—especially Rikenella sp. and Solitalea canadensis, whose relative abundances were the highest of 18.8% and 24.0% for metabolic and cometabolic degradation, respectively. This study provided an innovative and sustainable approach for 1,4‐dioxane anodic biodegradation, which would be potentially utilized for remediation of groundwater contaminated by 1,4‐dioxane.Practitioner points

Groundwater contaminated with 1,4‐dioxane was remediated in the anode chamber of a two‐chambered microbial fuel cell.

Cometabolic pathway increased 1,4‐dioxane removal and power production of the MFC compared to metabolic pathway.

The presence of a biofilm for 1,4‐dioxane anodic degradation was observed, and oxalic acid was a main degradation product.

This study would be potentially utilized for 1,4‐dioxane‐contaminated groundwater remediation with simultaneous energy production.

External voltage supply for bioelectrochemical remediation of groundwater would potentially be reduced when treating chlorinated hydrocarbons co‐occurred with 1,4‐dioxane.
The Logic of Fast and Slow Thinking
Authors: Solaki Anthia , Berto Francesco , Smets Sonja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a framework for epistemic logic, modeling the logical aspects of System 1 (“fast”) and System 2 (“slow”) cognitive processes, as per dual process theories of reasoning. The framework combines non-normal worlds semantics with the techniques of Dynamic Epistemic Logic. It models non-logically-omniscient, but moderately rational agents: their System 1 makes fast sense of incoming information by integrating it on the basis of their background knowledge and beliefs. Their System 2 allows them to slowly, step-wise unpack some of the logical consequences of such knowledge and beliefs, by paying a cognitive cost . The framework is applied to three instances of limited rationality, widely discussed in cognitive psychology: Stereotypical Thinking, the Framing Effect, and the Anchoring Effect.
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and predictors of transition to dementia: A multicenter study
Authors: Verghese Joe , Wang Cuiling , Bennett David A. , Lipton Richard B. , Katz Mindy J. , Ayers Emmeline 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionTo report clinical predictors of transition to dementia in motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), a predementia syndrome characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait.MethodsWe examined if cognitive or motoric impairments predicted transition to dementia in 610 older adults with MCR from three cohorts. Association of cognitive (logical memory, clinical dementia rating, cognitive complaint severity, and Mini–Mental State Examination) and motoric factors (gait velocity) with dementia risk was computed using Cox models.ResultsThere were 156 incident dementias (134 Alzheimer's disease). In the pooled sample, logical memory (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.91), cognitive complaint severity (aHR 1.53), and Mini–Mental State Examination (aHR 0.75) predicted transition of MCR to dementia. Clinical dementia rating score ≥0.5 predicted dementia (aHR 3.18) in one cohort. Gait velocity did not predict dementia.DiscussionWhile MCR is a motoric‐based predementia syndrome, severity of cognitive but not motoric impairments predicts conversion to dementia.
A Calculation Method for Circulation Control by Tangential Blowing Around a Bluff Trailing Edge
Authors: Kind R. J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe flow near the trailing edge of a circulation-controlled aerofoil is studied. The circulation is controlled by tangential blowing around the bluff trailing edge of the aerofoil.Velocity profiles in the blowing jet on the trailing edge of a circulation-controlled aerofoil have been measured and a calculation method has been developed for this type of circulation control. The development of the blowing jet is calculated by means of a velocity-profile equation, an angular-momentum integral equation, and an entrainment equation. Improved criteria are suggested for establishing the starting conditions for the development calculation. A realistic method is presented for taking into account the effects of the boundary layer which develops upstream of the blowing slot. A separation criterion for turbulent wall jets and a curvature correction for the entrainment rate are proposed. The calculated blowing-jet developments are found to be in good agreement with experiment. There is fair agreement between the calculated and measured blowing rates required to produce given lift coefficients on the aerofoil.
The Shear Stiffness of Flat-sided Corrugated Webs
Authors: Rothwell A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA method of analysis is presented for the shear stiffness of a flat-sided corrugated web, attached at a series of discrete points to flanges either on one side or on both sides of the web. Simple expressions are obtained for the shear stiffness of both types of web, and it is shown that there may be a considerable loss of stiffness due to the method of attachment. A comparison is made with experimental results for corrugated webs with both types of attachment.
Evaluation of the Separation Properties of Laminar Boundary Layers
Authors: Liu C. Y. , Sandborn V. A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDetailed evaluation of the laminar boundary layer parameters and velocity distribution at separation is given. The analysis takes into account the definite variation in separation profiles observed both theoretically and experimentally. The strong dependency of the shape of the separation profile on the previous history of the boundary development is demonstrated.
The Cascade Subjected to Inlet Distortions
Authors: Fujii S. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a method for evaluating the effects of shear flow on the performance of a two-dimensional cascade in an incompressible fluid. The method of distributing the singularities along the chord is modified to meet the requirement that the sum of the distorted and perturbed velocities should produce a flow around the aerofoil; therefore an actuator-disc or flat-plate type approximation is not used. Attention is confined to a single row of arbitrary aerofoils subjected to pure harmonic distortions, no attempt being made to include time-dependent terms. Hence it is probable that this paper offers the first stage of a time-independent solution for assessing the effects of upstream struts or blade rows. The agreement between this method and the exact solution for an isolated flat-plate aerofoil is fairly good.Numerical examples are presented and discussed with reference to the changes of lift, deviation angle and surface velocity which distortion over the cascade would produce. It is found, for the limited number of examples calculated, that a positively-staggered cascade readily responds to the variation of geometrical parameters chosen.
Stability Functions for the Local Buckling of Thin Flat-Walled Structures with the Walls in Combined Shear and Compression
Authors: Wittrick W. H. , Curzon P. L. V. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the local buckling of long thin flat-walled structures, such as integrally stiffened panels or corrugated core sandwich panels, loaded in such a way that the individual flats are in combined uniform longitudinal compression and shear. When buckling occurs the line junctions between adjoining flats remain straight, and the flats are subjected on their long edges to sinusoidally varying edge moments. These produce sinusoidally varying edge rotations which, when shear is present, are in general out of phase with each other and with the moments. Relations between the edge moments and rotations are obtained in terms of two stability functions, one of which is real and the other complex, to take account of phase differences. Explicit expressions are derived for these stability functions and tables are included, giving their values for the case of pure shear.
On a Specialised Case of the Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criteria
Authors: Nissim E. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe well-known Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria apply to polynomial characteristic equations with real coefficients. Lesser known criteria were devised by Hurwitz for the case of polynomials with complex coefficients. However, when polynomials with real coefficients and even powers only are directly subjected to the first-mentioned criteria, all the test determinants obtained vanish identically and thus fail to indicate the state of stability. In the present paper, the stability test functions for such characteristic polynomials are derived.
Displacement Effects on the Laminar Mixing of Two Parallel Streams
Authors: Casarella M. J. , Choo Y. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAn analytical study is made of the laminar mixing of two semi-infinite streams that are initially parallel. The equations governing the mixing process and the boundary conditions are derived by application of the perturbation technique. The “missing” correct third boundary condition is shown to be the condition that the pressures of the inviscid upper and lower streams due to the displacement thicknesses be balanced across the mixing layer. A general procedure for solution of the mixing problems is established by means of a transformation of the mixing-layer equations and two boundary conditions.As an example, the laminar mixing of two parallel uniform streams of both incompressible and compressible fluids is solved. It is shown that the profiles of v are entirely different from those based on the approximate third boundary condition. The improved profiles are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
An Initial Value Method for the Solution of MHD Boundary-Layer Equations
Authors: Na T. Y. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAn initial value method is introduced in this paper for the solution of the two-point non-linear ordinary differential equations resulting from an analysis of the MHD boundary-layer flow originally treated by Greenspan and Carrier. By using this method, the iteration process is eliminated. The method is seen to be applicable to the solution of similar two-point boundary value problems where certain physical parameters appear either in the differential equation or in the boundary conditions and solutions for a range of the parameter are sought.
Linear Orthotropic Stability of Shallow-Stiffened Cylinders: An Assessment
Authors: Lakshmikantham C. , Gerard G. , Milligan R. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe historical development and current status of compressive orthotropic stability is reviewed and a concise development of the linear theory for the compressive case is presented. Available test data on orthotropically stiffened cylinders are synthesised and correlated in terms of this theory. The correlation has been used to establish regions in which linear orthotropic theory appears to be valid in terms of currently available test data.
Boundary Conditions and Initial Value Lines for Unsteady Homentropic Flow Calculations
Authors: Woods W. A. , Daneshyar H. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryA detailed discussion on the difference between an initial value line and a line characterised by a boundary condition has been presented. Two types of boundaries are described and illustrated. To examine each boundary, several different calculations have been performed for a straight pipe. The results of the numerical calculations are compared with an analytical solution. It is shown that known pressure and velocity at the pipe ends give the most accurate results. Comparisons are also made between several practical types of calculations which give similar findings. The use of time-dependent boundaries can lead to errors as large as 40 per cent in derived results. It is shown that good accuracy can be restored by converting the boundaries into initial value lines. It is concluded that in general no more than one time-dependent boundary should be used in any calculation. Finally it is demonstrated that errors are not revealed by means of pressure diagrams alone.
Postposed main phrases: an English rule for the Romance subjunctive
Authors: Bolinger Dwight 
Published: June 2019

Coincidences between languages are not always obvious on the plane of expression. Sometimes they arise on the plane of content and find their way onto that of expression quite deviously, so that one is scarcely aware that speakers of one language are making the same semantic distinction as speakers of another. An example is the rule of adjective position in Spanish and Italian which English lacks, and which is illustrated by such Spanish examples as1. Tenía ricos ornamentos; Tenía ornamentos ricos: It had rich ornaments.2. Le dio un dulce beso; Le dio un beso dulce: He gave her a sweet kiss.3. Noté un barato perfume; Noté un perfume barato: I noticed a cheap perfume.
A bibliography of the Haida language
Authors: Kess Joseph F. 
Published: June 2019

Haida was originally spoken in the Queen Charlotte Islands, a group of some 200 islands situated off the western coast of British Columbia. The islands are separated from the mainland by a channel varying from 30 to 60 miles in width, known as the Hecate Straits.A smaller group of Haida settlements was located to the immediate northeast of the Queen Charlottes, across Dixon’s Entrance. These were situated principally on Dall Island and in the southern portions of Prince of Wales Island in what is now Alaska. Apparently, a small band of several hundred Haidas had migrated from the northwestern portion of the Queen Charlotte group, possibly from Langara Island. The move was relatively recent, having taken place some 250 years ago, before the first European contacts. Several villages were established, but these were largely abandoned in favor of the newly laid-out Hydaburg after 1912.
The Theft of Use and the Element of “Intention to Deprive Permanently’ in Larceny
Authors: Bein D. 
Published: June 2019

The task of the legislator is indeed difficult when he has to consider and decide how far to extend the area to which the criminal law applies. The difficulty is most apparent in those forms of conduct which are seemingly directed towards some individual to whom civil law remedies are available, for then it must be asked whether these remedies are sufficient or if there is good reason for the addition of criminal sanctions.The usual considerations in this respect are many and various—has the normal victim of the harmful conduct the ways and means himself of resisting it without the assistance of the authorities; does the normal perpetrator of certain kinds of harmful conduct possess sufficient means which enable him to restore the status quo if civilly sued; is conduct of this kind highly frequent; does certain behaviour have a special temptation, which can only be fought by the deterrent force of a criminal sanction; and especially, does the public conscience regard this form of behaviour a serious infringement of public values that justifies and demands public punitive reaction, irrespective of the wishes of the injured person.
Can the Knesset Adopt a Constitution which will be the “Supreme Law of the Land”?
Authors: Likhovski Eliahu 
Published: June 2019

In an article published in an earlier issue of this Review, the question was raised whether the courts of Israel have finally reached a conclusion on the question of their own power of judicial review of legislative measures passed by the Knesset. It was submitted that the question should be solved by a political rather than a judicial decision.In the present article it is intended to examine a hypothetical constitutional question, namely, can the Knesset, acting within the framework of the existing legal system, adopt or develop a written, rigid Constitution which would become the “supreme law of the land” and which would be effectively protected by the courts?