bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Better, Faster, Stronger: Accelerating mRNA‐Based Immunotherapies With Nanocarriers
Authors: Carvalho Henrique M. B. , Fidalgo Tiago A. S. , Acúrcio Rita C. , Matos Ana I. , Satchi‐Fainaro Ronit , Florindo Helena F. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMessenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) therapeutics are attracting attention as promising tools in cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to leverage the in vivo expression of all known protein sequences. Even small amounts of mRNA can have a powerful effect on cancer vaccines by promoting the synthesis of tumor‐specific antigens (TSA) or tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) by antigen‐presenting cells (APC). These antigens are then presented to T cells, eliciting strong antitumor immune stimulation. The potential of mRNA can be further enhanced by expressing immunomodulatory agents, such as cytokines, antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR), enhancing tumor immunity. Recent research also explores mRNA‐encoded tumor death inducers or tumor microenvironment (TME) modulators. Despite its promise, the clinical translation of mRNA‐based anticancer strategies faces challenges, including inefficient targeted delivery in vivo, failure of endosomal escape, and inadequate intracellular mRNA release, resulting in poor transfection efficiencies. Inspired by the approval of lipid nanoparticle‐loaded mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and the encouraging outcomes of mRNA‐based cancer therapies in trials, innovative nonviral nanotechnology delivery systems have been engineered. These aim to advance mRNA‐based cancer immunotherapies from research to clinical application. This review summarizes recent preclinical and clinical progress in lipid and polymeric nanomedicines for delivering mRNA‐encoded antitumor therapeutics, including cytokines and antibody‐based immunotherapies, cancer vaccines, and CAR therapies. It also addresses advanced delivery systems for direct oncolysis or TME reprogramming and highlights key challenges in translating these therapies to clinical use, exploring future perspectives, including the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in their development.
History of Nonlinear Acoustics: 1750s–1930s
Authors: Blackstock David T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The history of nonlinear acoustics is reviewed, starting with Euler in the 1750s and continuing into the 1930s with contributions from Earnshaw, Fay, Fubini, Hugoniot, Lagrange, Langevin, Laplace, Poisson, Rankine, Rayleigh, Riemann, Stokes, and Taylor. This era produced the exact implicit Poisson and Riemann solutions for progressive and counterpropagating plane waves in an ideal fluid, respectively, Earnshaw’s extension of Poisson’s solution that accounts for finite motion of the source, the Rankine-Hugoniot conservation equations across a shock, Fubini’s solution for harmonic generation in the preshock region, Fay’s solution for the harmonics following shock formation, and the Taylor shock thickness.
Perturbation Methods
Authors: Ginsberg Jerry H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Perturbation methods yield approximate analytical solutions that provide physical insight into finite-amplitude sound and benchmarks for computational methods. The acoustic Mach number is employed as the small parameter for the perturbation expansions. The first method presented is the regular perturbation technique leading to a straightforward expansion of the solution in powers of the small parameter, but which is not uniformly valid. Two methods are presented for rendering the solutions uniformly valid, the method of multiple scales and the method of renormalization. Analysis of radiation from a vibrating plate is provided as an example of a multidimensional problem solved by perturbation.
Computational Methods
Authors: Ginsberg Jerry H. , Hamilton Mark F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Computational methods covered in this chapter apply primarily to finite-amplitude sound propagating in predominantly a single coordinate direction. Methods for solving the Burgers, KZK, and NPE equations in either the frequency or time domain are described. The combined effects of nonlinearity, absorption, dispersion, and diffraction in the model equations are taken into account by employing operator splitting. A frequency-domain algorithm is discussed that employs a spatial Fourier transform to account for diffraction without resorting to the parabolic approximation inherent in the KZK and NPE equations. A general time-domain algorithm is described that is not restricted to progressive waves.
Propagation in Inhomogeneous Media (Ray Theory)
Authors: Morfey Christopher L. , Cotaras Frederick D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes how ray theory may be extended to allow for nonlinear waveform distortion in inhomogeneous media. Considered first are stationary media, and examples related mainly to underwater sound are presented. The theory is generalized to account for moving media, for which a distinction between ray and wavenormal directions becomes necessary. Examples with moving media are presented in relation to aeroacoustics and sonic boom propagation. The theory is restricted to weakly nonlinear acoustic waves in a slowly varying medium that is not strongly dispersive. The chapter concludes with a discussion of relevant acoustical properties of water and seawater.
Radiation Pressure and Acoustic Levitation
Authors: Wang Taylor G. , Lee Chun P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The first half of the chapter develops the underlying theory for acoustic radiation pressure. Time-averaging the momentum equation leads to a compact general expression for radiation pressure in terms of the kinetic and potential energy densities. Distinctions between Eulerian, Lagrangian, Rayleigh, and Langevin radiation pressures are discussed. Solutions are derived for plane waves incident on perfectly reflecting and absorbing walls, and for sound beams incident on partially reflecting interfaces. The second half of the chapter is devoted to acoustic levitation, with derivations of acoustic radiation force on rigid and compressible spheres, and on gas bubbles in liquids.
Finite-Amplitude Waves in Solids
Authors: Norris Andrew N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe theoretical foundation for weakly nonlinear elastic waves in isotropic solids is developed. Lagrangian coordinates are used to obtain the equation of motion in terms of the Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor, which is a function of the strain energy density. Notations employed for elastic constants in different expansions of the strain energy density are related to those introduced by Landau and Lifshitz. Use of the acoustoelastic effect to determine the third-order elastic constants is described. Solutions are presented for second-harmonic generation in a longitudinal plane wave. Finally, the nonlinear parabolic (KZK) equation for longitudinal elastic wave beams is derived.
Sustainability and Governance of the mGov4EU Project
Authors: Schmidt Carsten , Dedovic Stefan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSustainability and governance of the mGov4EU project are critical for its long-term success, particularly in transforming public services and streamlining administrative processes. The mGov4EU project, aiming to design user-centric solutions and enhance cross-border digital public services, places sustainability and governance at the forefront. This involves meticulous outcomes analysis, focusing on pilots and architecture, considering legal frameworks, stakeholder involvement, financial models, and developmental status. The exploration of cross-border mobile government factors reveals consistent determinants across various typologies, encompassing technology, innovation, public officials, citizens, organisations, institutions, public sector context, and broader environmental factors. The multifaceted influences on digital governance initiatives underscore the complex nature of the mGov4EU project. This chapter delves into the piloting impact assessment, analysing design and execution phases. The assessment is crucial for shaping a sustainability plan, recognising core results requiring sustained focus, and identifying areas for improvement. The GOFA model (Governance, Operations, Finance, and Architecture) and Objectives and Key Results (OKR) methodology are applied for a detailed analysis of project outcomes, ensuring a thorough understanding of challenges and requirements for long-term success. The goal is to establish a robust foundation for sustainability and governance, introducing the GOFA model and OKR analysis to navigate the complex landscape of mGov4EU outcomes. The integrated approach ensures a thorough understanding of challenges and requirements essential for long-term success. Challenges across pilots and architecture are addressed, focusing on stakeholder involvement, take-up, flexibility, and continuity. Co-creation principles are integrated into different project stages, fostering collaboration and engagement with various stakeholders. A transdisciplinary context is integrated into the impact assessment, and the GOFA model is employed for sustainability and governance. The co-creation principle is a recurring theme, engaging stakeholders in ongoing project development and execution. In general, the mGov4EU project, emphasising sustainability and governance, presents a holistic approach to address the complexities of cross-border digital public services, ensuring long-term success and impactful outcomes.
Electromagnetic duality for line defect correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Duan Zhihao , Pavarini Daniele R. , Wen Congkao , Xie Haitian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study particular integrated correlation functions of two superconformal primary operators of the stress tensor multiplet in the presence of a half-BPS line defect labelled by electromagnetic charges (p, q) in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM) with gauge group SU(N). An important consequence of SL(2, ℤ) electromagnetic duality in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM is that correlators of line defect operators with different charges (p, q) must be related in a non-trivial manner when the complex coupling τ = θ/(2π) + $$ 4\pi i/{g}_{\textrm{YM}}^2 $$
4
πi
/

g
YM
2

is transformed appropriately. In this work we introduce a novel class of real-analytic functions whose automorphic properties with respect to SL(2, ℤ) match the expected transformations of line defect operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM under electromagnetic duality. At large N and fixed τ, the correlation functions we consider are related to scattering amplitudes of two gravitons from extended (p, q)-strings in the holographic dual type IIB superstring theory. We show that the large-N expansion coefficients of the integrated two-point line defect correlators are given by finite linear combinations with rational coefficients of elements belonging to this class of automorphic functions. On the other hand, for any fixed value of N we conjecture that the line defect integrated correlators can be expressed as formal infinite series over such automorphic functions. The resummation of this series produces a simple lattice sum representation for the integrated line defect correlator that manifests its automorphic properties. We explicitly demonstrate this construction for the cases with gauge group SU(2) and SU(3). Our results give direct access to non-perturbative integrated correlators in the presence of an ’t Hooft-line defect, observables otherwise very difficult to compute by other means.
Spin-charge separation for paired Dirac fermions in (1 + 1) dimensions
Authors: Haddad Laith H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study Dirac fermions at finite density coupled to a complex pairing field assumed to obey scalar field theory with quartic self-repulsion. The bulk of our work develops the mathematics that elucidates the propagation of fermionic excitations in such systems as independent spin (boosts) and charge (fermion number) degrees of freedom. A necessary ingredient is the presence of broken U(1) symmetry in the pairing field and decoupling of its density and phase. In the fermion sector, these elements give rise to an emergent spin-dependent gauge coupling which binds in-vacuum spin and charge into elementary fermions, while driving proliferation of unbound spin and charge for finite condensation in the pairing field. Notably, the onset of spin-charge separation is signaled by $$ \mathcal{PT} $$
PT
-symmetry breaking and decoupling of spin components under Lorentz transformations. Our investigation concludes with two theorems that identify generic features of spin-charge separation in such systems.
Statistics of three-dimensional black holes from Liouville line defects
Authors: Chandra Jeevan , Hartman Thomas , Meruliya Viraj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Black holes and wormholes in the gravitational path integral can be used to calculate the statistics of heavy operators. An explicit example in higher dimensions is provided by thin shells of matter. We study these solutions in 3D gravity, and reproduce the behavior of black holes and wormholes from the dual CFT using the large-c conformal bootstrap. The CFT operator that creates a thin shell black hole is a line defect, so we begin by using the bootstrap to study the statistics of line defects, both at finite c and in the holographic large-c limit. The crossing equation leads to a universal formula for the average high-energy matrix elements of the line defect in any compact, unitary 2d CFT with c > 1. The asymptotics are controlled by a line defect in Liouville CFT at the same value of the central charge. At large c, three distinct quantities are related: the statistics of line defects in holographic CFTs, the individual matrix elements of a line defect in Liouville CFT, and the on-shell action of black holes and wormholes in 3D gravity. The three calculations match for black holes, and if the statistics of the line defects are assumed to be approximately Gaussian, then a class of wormholes is also reproduced by the dual CFT.
Janus deformation of de Sitter space and transitions in gravitational algebras
Authors: Bak Dongsu , Kim Chanju , Yi Sang-Heon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider a time-dependent $$ \mathcal{O}\left(1/G\right) $$
O

1
/
G

deformation of pure de Sitter (dS) space in dS gravity coupled to a massless scalar field. It is the dS counterpart of the AdS Janus deformation and interpolates two asymptotically dS spaces in the far past and the far future with a single deformation parameter. The Penrose diagram can be elongated along the time direction indefinitely as the deformation becomes large. After studying the classical properties of the geometry such as the area theorem and the fluctuation by a matter field, we explore the algebraic structure of the field operators on the deformed spacetime. We argue that the algebra is a von Neumann factor of type II∞ for small deformations, but there occurs a transition to type I∞ as the deformation increases so that the neck region of the deformed space becomes a Lorentzian cylinder.
SPOP-mediated RIPK3 destabilization desensitizes LPS/sMAC/zVAD-induced necroptotic cell death
Authors: Lee Ga-Eun , Bang Geul , Byun Jiin , Chen Weidong , Jeung Dohyun , Cho Hana , Lee Joo Young , Kang Han Chang , Lee Hye Suk , Kim Jin Young , Kim Kwang Dong , Wu Juan , Nam Soo-Bin , Kwon Young Jik , Lee Cheol-Jung , Cho Yong-Yeon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRIPK1/RIPK3-MLKL signaling molecules are fundamental in initiating necroptotic cell death, but their roles in the development of colon cancer are unclear. This study reports that RIPK3 interacted with SPOP, a component of the E3 ligase within the Cul3 complex. This interaction leads to K48-linked ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of RIPK3. Two distinct degron motifs, PETST and SPTST, were identified within the linker domain of RIPK3 for SPOP. RIPK3 phosphorylations at Thr403 by PIM2 and at Thr412/Ser413 by ERK2 are essential to facilitate its interaction with SPOP. Computational docking studies and immunoprecipitation analyses showed that these PIM2 and ERK2 phosphorylations bolster the stability of the RIPK3-SPOP interaction. In particular, mutations of RIPK3 at the degron motifs extended the half-life of RIPK3 by preventing its phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitination. The deletion of SPOP, which led to increased stability of the RIPK3 protein, intensified LPS/sMAC/zVAD-induced necroptotic cell death in colon cancer cells. These findings underscore the critical role of the SPOP-mediated RIPK3 stability regulation pathway in controlling necroptotic cell death.
A novel mutation in FNIP1 associated with a syndromic immunodeficiency and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Spivak Ilia , Lev Atar , Simon Amos J. , Barel Ortal , Somekh Ido , Somech Raz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGenetic variants in Folliculin interacting protein 1 (FNIP1) were recently discovered as monogenic causes for immunodeficiency and cardiomyopathy, with only a few patients diagnosed thus far. In this study, we describe a patient harboring a novel genetic variant in FNIP1 causing immunodeficiency with cardiac involvement. Clinical and immunological workups were performed. Genetic evaluation utilizing whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing was conducted. The index patient (subject II-4) presented with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, recurrent infections, and chronic diarrhea during infancy. Immune workup revealed agammaglobulinemia and a lack of B lymphocytes. Genetic evaluation identified a homozygous 13-bp duplication variant in FNIP1 (c.52_64dupGCGCCCGGCCGCG, p. Asp22GlyfsTer21) resulting in a frameshift in exon 1/18. She was treated with supplemental intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) with good control of sinopulmonary and gastrointestinal manifestations. Her sibling (subject II-1) had similar clinical features, along with dysmorphic facial features and hypotony, and succumbed to cardiogenic shock at the age of 2 months, prior to genetic evaluation. Diagnosis of novel immunodeficiencies promotes our understanding of the immune system, enabling genetic counseling as herein, and may assist in the development of novel medical therapies in the future. FNIP1 loss-of-function should be considered in patients presenting in infancy with cardiac manifestations along with agammaglobulinemia (and B-cell lymphopenia).
New emerging materials with potential antibacterial activities
Authors: Bedair Hadeer M. , Hamed Mahmoud , Mansour Fotouh R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens is a critical public health issue, necessitating the development of alternative antibacterial agents. Examples of these pathogens are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the emergence of “pan-resistant” Gram-negative strains, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, which occurred more recently. This review examines various emerging materials with significant antibacterial activities. Among these are nanomaterials such as quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and layered double hydroxides, all of which demonstrate excellent antibacterial properties. Interestingly, including antibacterial agents within the structure of these materials can help avoid bacterial resistance and improve the long-term efficacy of the materials. Additionally, the antibacterial potential of liquid solvents, including ionic liquids and both deep eutectic solvents and natural deep eutectic solvents, is explored. The review discusses the synthesis methods, advantages, and antibacterial efficacy of these new materials. By providing a comprehensive overview of these innovative materials, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing search for effective solutions to combat antibiotic resistance. Key studies demonstrating antibacterial effects against pathogens like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and multidrug-resistant strains are summarized. MOFs have exhibited antibacterial properties through controlled ion release and surface interactions. COFs have enhanced the efficacy of encapsulated antibiotics and displayed intrinsic antibacterial activity. Other nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, have generated reactive oxygen species, leading to microbial inactivation. This review aims to provide insights into these new classes of antibacterial materials and highlight them for addressing the global crisis of antibiotic resistance.

Key points
• Nanomaterials show strong antibacterial effects against drug-resistant bacteria
• Emerging solvents like ionic liquids offer novel solutions for bacterial resistance
• MOFs and COFs enhance antibiotic efficacy, showing promise in combating resistance
Use of transanal irrigation (TAI) in the treatment of persistent bowel disorders in patients with endometriosis: A retrospective study
Authors: Orlandi Simone , Bocus Paolo , Geccherle Andrea , Ruffo Giacomo , Ceccaroni Marcello 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Endometriosis has a strong impact on women’s quality of life (QoL). Pain is the main symptom of the disease, but bowel dysfunctions such as fecal incontinence, constipation and voiding difficulties are also reported. Patients could suffer from a Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS)-like syndrome. Transanal irrigation (TAI), known to alleviate LARS-related symptoms, has been suggested to aid bowel dysfunction in endometriosis patients, potentially facilitating pelvic floor rehabilitation.

Methods
We retrospectively collected data from 60 patients with endometriosis and bowel dysfunction who had been prescribed with the Peristeen® Plus TAI system. Patient satisfaction, pain, QoL and LARS score were evaluated before (baseline) and after TAI treatment (follow-up of approximately 12 months).

Results
Of the 60 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 12 patients did not complete the questionnaires at follow-up and 16 patients discontinued treatment. Data analysis performed on 32 patients showed a mean increase of 3.6 points in patient satisfaction after TAI treatment and a mean pain reduction of 1.8 points (both, p-value < 0.001). LARS score decreased from a mean of 21.9 at baseline to a mean of 12.7 (p-value < 0.001). Accordingly, there was a notable improvement in patients’ QoL.

Conclusion
TAI is a useful treatment for bowel dysfunctions in patients with endometriosis. When offered to these patients, TAI seems to represent a valuable strategy to reduce pelvic floor stress. This study confirms that TAI was associated to a significantly higher patients’ satisfaction, as well as to a reduction of pain and LARS-like symptoms.