bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective effect of neuron‐specific deletion of the C16 ceramide synthetic enzymes in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Amatruda Mario , Marechal Damien , Gacias Mar , Wentling Maureen , Turpin‐Nolan Sarah , Morstein Johannes , Moniruzzaman Mohammed , Brüning Jens C. , Haughey Norman J. , Trauner Dirk H. , Casaccia Patrizia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCeramide C16 is a sphingolipid detected at high levels in several neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). It can be generated de novo or from the hydrolysis of other sphingolipids, such as sphingomyelin or through the recycling of sphingosine, in what is known as the salvage pathway. While the myelin damage occurring in MS suggests the importance of the hydrolytic and salvage pathways, the growing interest on the importance of diet in demyelinating disorders, prompted us to investigate the involvement of de novo ceramide C16 synthesis on disease severity. A diet rich in saturated fats such as palmitic acid, as found in many highly processed foods, provides substrates for the ceramide C16 synthetic enzymes ceramide synthase 6 (CERS6) and 5 (CERS5), which are expressed in the central nervous system. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of inflammatory demyelination, we show here that mice with CamK2a+ neuronal specific deletion of both CerS6 and CerS5 show a milder course of EAE than wild type mice, even when fed a diet enriched in palmitic acid. At a cellular level, neurons lacking both CerS6 and CerS5 are protected from the mitochondrial dysfunction arising from exposure to oxidative stress and palmitic acid in the medium. These data underscore the importance of a healthy diet avoiding processed foods for demyelinating disorders and identifies endogenous neuronal synthesis of ceramide C16 as an important determinant of disease severity.
Astrocytic determinant of the fate of long‐term memory
Authors: Yamao Hiroki , Matsui Ko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile some vivid memories are unyielding and unforgettable, others fade with time. Astrocytes are recognized for their role in modulating the brain's environment and have recently been considered integral to the brain's information processing and memory formation. This suggests their potential roles in emotional perception and memory formation. In this study, we delve into the impact of amygdala astrocytes on fear behaviors and memory, employing astrocyte‐specific optogenetic manipulations in mice. Our findings reveal that astrocytic photoactivation with channelrhodopsin‐2 (ChR2) provokes aversive behavioral responses, while archaerhodopsin‐T (ArchT) photoactivation diminishes fear perception. ChR2 photoactivation amplifies fear perception and fear memory encoding but obstructs its consolidation. On the other hand, ArchT photoactivation inhibits memory formation during intense aversive stimuli, possibly due to weakened fear perception. However, it prevents the decay of remote fear memory over three weeks. Crucially, these memory effects were observed when optogenetic manipulations coincided with the aversive experience, indicating a deterministic role of astrocytic states at the exact moment of fear experiences in shaping long‐term memory. This research underscores the significant and multifaceted role of astrocytes in emotional perception, fear memory formation, and modulation, suggesting a sophisticated astrocyte‐neuron communication mechanism underlying basic emotional state transitions of information processing in the brain.
Integrating VGG 19 U‐Net for Breast Thermogram Segmentation and Hybrid Enhancement With Optimized Classifier Selection: A Novel Approach to Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Arul Edwin Raj A. , Ahmad Nabihah Binti , Ananiah Durai S. , Renugadevi R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEarly diagnosis of breast cancer is essential for improving patient survival rates and reducing treatment costs. Despite breast thermogram images having high quality, doctors in developing countries often struggle with early diagnosis due to difficulties in interpreting subtle details. Implementing a Computer‐Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system can assist doctors in accurately analyzing these details. This article presents an innovative approach to breast cancer diagnosis using thermal images. The proposed method enhances the quality and clarity of relevant features while preserving sharp and curved edges through U‐Net‐based segmentation for automatic selection of the ROI, advanced hybrid image enhancement techniques, and a machine learning classifier. Subjective analysis compares the processed images with five conventional enhancement techniques, demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed method. The quantitative analysis further validates the effectiveness of the proposed method against five conventional methods using four quality measures. The proposed method achieves superior performance with PSNR of 15.27 for normal and 14.31 for malignant images, AMBE of 6.594 for normal and 7.46 for malignant images, SSIM of 0.829 for normal and 0.80 for malignant images, and DSSIM of 0.084 for normal and 0.14 for malignant images. The classification phase evaluates four classifiers using 13 features from three categories. The Random Forest (RF) classifier with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based features initially outperformed other classifier features but had limited performance, with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 81.8%, 88.8%, and 91%, respectively. To improve this, three categories of features were normalized and converted into two principal components using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to train the RF classifier, which then showed superior performance with 97.7% accuracy, 96.5% sensitivity, and 98.2% specificity. The dataset utilized in this article is obtained from the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, India. The entire proposed model is implemented in a Jupyter notebook.
Prognostic significance of creatine kinase in resected pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kohara Yuichiro , Yasuda Satoshi , Nagai Minako , Nakamura Kota , Matsuo Yasuko , Terai Taichi , Doi Shunsuke , Sakata Takeshi , Sho Masayuki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundCreatine kinase (CK) levels decrease with cancer progression and muscle wasting, but its association with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate CK as a prognostic biomarker and surrogate marker for muscle mass in patients with PDAC.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 476 patients with PDAC was conducted. CK levels were categorized into low and high groups using receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsAmong the 476 patients, 200 (42.0%) and 276 (58.0%) were classified into the low and high CK groups, respectively. The low CK group had significantly poorer overall survival (p < .001) and recurrence‐free survival (p < .001) compared to the high CK group. Multivariate analysis identified low CK as an independent poor prognostic factor (p < .001). The low CK group had significantly lower skeletal muscle index (p = .048) than the high CK group; however, the difference was slight and not significantly associated with sarcopenia. Additionally, combined risk assessment incorporating CK and resectability facilitated a more nuanced prognostic stratification.ConclusionsCK served as a reliable prognostic marker independent from resectability but was less effective as a marker for sarcopenia in PDAC.
Unveiling a Novel Mechanistic Pathway: Thiol and DMSO‐Facilitated Synthesis of Pyrazole Amine Thioether
Authors: Perumal Karuppaiah , Shanthi Markabandhu , Hemamalini Vijayakumar , Shanmugam Ramasamy , Shankar Bhaskaran , Ramesh Subburethinam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe present protocol shows a novel and greener approach for synthesizing pyrazole amine thioether, employing thiophenol, 3‐aminocrotononitrile, and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Notably, this methodology deviates from the literature report in making thioether derivatives using oxidant‐free and room‐temperature conditions. Based on the control experiments, it was found that the thioether link in the intermediate facilitated the 5‐exo‐dig cyclization reaction exclusively in the DMSO solvent. This is probably due to the nitrile group's activation by the structure's thioether moiety. The control experiment demonstrates the significance of the thioether compound in the reaction. Without any oxidizing agent, introducing thioether in any heterocyclic compound is not possible, as per the literature reports. Our reaction showed excellent tolerance by involving various phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and thiophenol compounds, allowing for the synthesis of various pyrazole amine thioether derivatives in good to excellent yields. The reaction follows the 5‐exo‐dig cyclization strategy.
Association of physical function with hospital readmissions among older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Thomas Erin M. , Smith James , Curry Alisa , Salsberry Marka , Ridgeway Kyle , Hunt Beth , Desanto Kristen , Falvey Jason R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundHospital readmissions pose significant burdens on healthcare systems, particularly among older adults. While efforts to reduce readmissions have historically focused on medical management, emerging evidence suggests physical function may also play a role in successful care transitions. However, there is a limited understanding of the relationship between functional measures and readmission risk. This systematic review aims to assess the association between physical function impairments and hospital readmissions.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to assess the association between physical function impairments and hospital readmissions.MethodsA systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with studies identified through databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and others published January 1, 2010–December 31, 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed observational studies of adults aged 50 and older in the United States, reporting readmissions within 90 days of discharge and assessing physical function across domains of the International Classification of Function model. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were independently conducted by two authors using theScottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) tool.ResultsSeventeen studies, representing 80,008 participants, were included in this systematic review. Patient populations included a wide array of medical populations, including general medical inpatients and those undergoing cardiac surgery. Across various functional measures assessed before or during admission, impairments were consistently associated with increased risk for hospital readmissions up to 90 days after admission. Measures of participation, including life‐space mobility, were also associated with increased readmission risk.ConclusionsFunctional impairments are robust predictors of hospital readmissions in older adults. Routine assessment of physical function during hospitalization can improve risk stratification and may support successful care transitions, particularly in older adults
Dune activity history in China's east dunefields over the past millennium
Authors: Wu Zhipeng , Li Jinchang , Zhang Caixia , Zhou Ya 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDune activity encompasses both activation and dune stabilization processes, with the former potentially threatening the sustainability of global ecosystems and human societies. Research on historical dune activity has raised concern among environmental scientists and serves as a foundation for assessing recent and future changes in arid and semi‐arid ecosystems. Disagreements related to the causes of historical dune activation persist because of the lack of a more detailed dune activity history for China's east dunefields. Based on stratigraphic evidence, historical documents and archaeological discoveries in the Mu Us and Horqin dunefields, this study presents a detailed dune activity history as well as the forcing mechanisms for China's east dunefields as a whole over the past millennium. The results revealed that two episodes of extensive dune activation (from 800 to 940 ce and from 1300 to 2000
ce) occurred in China's east dunefields, accounting for 69% of the past millennium. The proportions of extensive dune activation driven by a cold and dry climate (from 800 to 940
ce and from 1300 to 1730
ce), strong human activity (from 1900 to 2000
ce) and their combined impacts (from 1730 to 1900
ce) were approximately 68%, 12% and 20%, respectively. Thus, China's east dunefields were in a state of extensive dune activation for most of the past millennium, and most extensive dune activation was driven by climate. Local or sporadic dune activation occurred from 940 to 1300
ce and since 2000
ce in China's east dunefields, which was caused by strong human activity.
High‐throughput screening and identification of lignin peroxidase based on spore surface display of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Shi Na , Li Shouzhi , He Lu , Feng Yong , Saeed Muhammad , Ma Yi , Ni Zhong , Zhu Daochen , Chen Huayou 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundLignin peroxidase is closely related to agriculture and food as it improves the quality of feedstuffs, facilitates the degradation of lignin in agricultural wastes, and degrades azo dyes that have similar complex structures to lignin. However, the current status of homologous or heterologous expression of lignin peroxidase is unsatisfactory and needs to be modified with the help of immobilization and directed evolution to maximize its potential. Directed evolution technology is an effective strategy for designing and improving enzyme characteristics, and Bacillus subtilis spore surface display technology is an efficient method for preparing immobilized enzymes.RESULTSA colorimetric dye decolorization assay using Congo red as a substrate was developed and optimized for high‐throughput screening of spore surface display in a 96‐well plate. After two rounds of screening, a superior mutant strain was selected from 2700 mutants. Its highest catalytic activity was 196.36%. The amino acid substitution sites were identified as N120D and I242T.ConclusionThe mechanism for the enhanced catalytic activity was explained using protein modeling and functional analysis software. This study provides insights into the rational design of lignin peroxidase and its application in food and agriculture. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Relevant Ongoing Clinical Trials to Investigate Local‐Regional Treatment Strategies for Peritoneal Surface Malignancies
Authors: Blaj S. , Häusler S. , Piso P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesThe multimodal therapy of peritoneal metastases of common cancers (i.e. colorectal, gastric, and ovarian), including CRS plus HIPEC, is still subject to several clinical studies.MethodsThis paper presents the ongoing studies regarding HIPEC, as found on clinicaltrials.gov. The emphasis was set on Phase III recruiting trials, including the newest information from principal investigators who answered the call of the authors.ResultsNinety trials have been identified, and the protocols of 15 studies have been presented in detail.ConclusionsThere are interesting ongoing trials investigating the role of CRS plus HIPEC.
Ready‐to‐use Models Built Using a Diverse Set of 266 Aroma Compounds for the Estimation of Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices for the 50%‐Cyanopropylphenyl‐50%‐Dimethylpolysiloxane Stationary Phase
Authors: Sholokhova Anastasia Yu. , Matyushin Dmitriy D. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRetention index prediction based on the molecule structure is not often used in practice due to low accuracy, the need to use paid software to calculate molecular descriptors (MD), and the narrow applicability domain of many models. In recent years, relatively accurate and versatile deep learning (DL)‐based models have emerged. These models are now used in practice as an additional criterion in gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry identification. The DB‐225ms stationary phase (usually described as 50%‐cyanopropylphenyl‐50%‐dimethylpolysiloxane in available sources) is widely used, but ready‐to‐use retention index estimation models are not available for it. This study presents such models. The models are linear and use simple constitutional MD and retention indices predicted by DL for the DB‐WAX and DB‐624 stationary phases as MD (we show that it is their use that allows us to achieve satisfactory accuracy). The accuracy obtained for a completely unseen hold‐out test set: root mean square error 73.2; mean absolute error 45.7; median absolute error 22.0. The models were trained using a retention data set of 266 volatile compounds. All calculations can be performed using the convenient open‐source software CHERESHNYA. The final equations are implemented as a spreadsheet and a code snippet and are available online: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.26800789.
The Potential to Reconstruct 20th Century Soil Organic Carbon Erosion in Rangelands From Small Reservoir Sediments
Authors: Li Lu , Krenz Juliane , Pregler Anja , Greenwood Philip , Kuhn Nikolaus J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSoil erosion and soil organic carbon (SOC) loss are not always linked linearly because SOC‐rich topsoil is eroded at the initial stages of degradation, while horizons with lower SOC content are eroded later, but often at higher rates. Small, silted‐up farm reservoirs potentially document this change during the period of sediment accumulation. This study tests the specific potential of small farm reservoir sediments from the South African Karoo to reconstruct 20th century SOC and total nitrogen (TN) change in rangeland soils. Five reservoir sediment profiles were sampled and texture, total organic carbon (TOC), TN and 137Cs of the samples were analyzed and compared. The results show that there clearly distinguishable flood couplets have been preserved in the sediment, illustrating their suitability for the chronological reconstruction of soil erosion and SOC. With one exception, the older sediments contain more TOC and TN than the younger ones. The TOC changed mostly in earlier than later stages of deposition, which is indicative of soil degradation early after the construction of the dams in the 1920s and 1930s. These distinct changes illustrate that the small reservoir sediments have the potential to reconstruct the impact of land‐use and associated soil erosion on SOC change in rangelands. Their analysis can therefore contribute to a better understanding of the land‐use associated changes of the global carbon cycle during the 20th century.
Fast Gain Dynamics in Interband Cascade Lasers
Authors: Pilat Florian , Windischhofer Andreas , Beiser Maximilian , Pecile Vito F. , Gangrskaia Elizaveta , Pugžlys Audrius , Weih Robert , Koeth Johannes , Baltuška Andrius , Heckl Oliver H. , Schwarz Benedikt 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInterband Cascade Lasers (ICL) have matured into a versatile technological platform in the mid‐infrared spectral domain. To broaden their applicability even further, ongoing research pursues the emission of ultrashort pulses. The most promising approach is passive mode‐locking with a fast saturable absorber. However, despite vast attempts no passive mode‐locked ICL has been demonstrated up to date. In this study, pump‐probe measurements are conducted on the ICL gain, demonstrating that 60–70% of its dynamic behavior is characterized by a rapid recovery time of 2 ps. The findings explain why passive mode‐locking of ICLs has not succeeded so far, shedding a new light on ICL dynamics as strategies are proposed to overcome the current limitations.
High‐Pressure Modulation of NIR Luminescence in Cr3+‐Doped Cs2AgInCl6 Double Perovskites: The Role of Ultrafast Energy Transfer
Authors: Liu Xin , Niu Guangming , Jiang Jutao , Che Li , Sui Laizhi , Wang Xiaowei , Zeng Xiangyu , Wu Guorong , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLead‐free halide double perovskites (DPs) have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in the field of near‐infrared (NIR) optoelectronics. However, regulating the NIR luminescence properties of such materials remains a challenge. In this study, it is found that Cs2AgInCl6:Cr3+ DPs exhibit a broad NIR emission under ultraviolet excitation, with a peak value of 980 nm. In the range of 9 GPa, the emission intensity increases significantly. As the pressure increases, a transition from broadband NIR emission to narrow‐line emission occurs, accompanied by a decrease in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) from 260 to 40 nm, attributed to increased local structural asymmetry and enhanced crystal field around Cr3+ ions. Ultrafast transient absorption experiments reveal the changes of energy transfer under pressure and the emergence of new radiation channels, demonstrating the dynamic evolution of emission characteristics under high pressure. The research results deepen the understanding of high pressure luminescence in Cr3⁺‐doped halide DPs, providing strategies for designing highly efficient NIR emitters in metal halide DPs.
Tuning Interfacial Characteristics of Epoxy Composites Towards Simultaneous High Thermal and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Zhong Chengzhi , Feng Yang , Zhou Bin , Liu Peiyan , Zhao Yi , Li Shengtao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAchieving excellent thermal and dielectric performance is crucial to prevent premature insulation failure of epoxy in high‐frequency transformers. However, interfaces introduced by embedding micro/nano fillers in epoxy have opposite effects on these properties. Here, the interfacial characteristics of micro‐BN/nano‐Al2O3 epoxy is tailored composites by modifying nano‐Al2O3 with functional amine groups, leading to simultaneous improvements in thermal conductivity and high‐frequency breakdown strength. After modification, thermal conductivity increased from 0.193 to 0.490 W m−1 K−1 at 25 °C, and breakdown strength improved from 85.4 to 94.8 kV mm−1 at 10 kHz. The findings revealed the coexistence of overlapping interfaces between micro‐BN and chemical interfaces between modified Al2O3‐NH2 and matrix in composites. Contrary to the overlapping interface, the chemical interface played a more pivotal role in macroscopic performance. Calculations based on a covalent bonding interfacial model demonstrated that this in‐situ tight interface facilitated phonon transport, thereby enhancing thermal conductivity. Besides the physical structure, an increase in electrostatic potential in the chemical interface also impeded charge migration, resulting in an improved breakdown strength. The synergistic effect of the chemical interface on thermal and dielectric properties presents a promising design strategy for developing high‐performance epoxy composites.
A Review on Advances and Challenges in Core‐Shell Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Design, Fabrication, and Clinical Translation
Authors: Ang Bee Chin , Nam Hui Yin , Abdullah Muhammad Faiq , Muhamad Farina , Truong Yen Bach 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis review explores core‐shell scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, highlighting their osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties critical for bone growth and regeneration. Key design factors include material selection, porosity, mechanical strength, biodegradation kinetics, and bioactivity. Electrospun core‐shell nanofibrous scaffolds demonstrate potential in delivering therapeutic agents and enhancing bone regeneration. Critical characterization techniques include structural, surface, chemical composition, mechanical, and degradation analyses. Scaling up production poses challenges, addressed by innovative electrospinning techniques. Future research focuses on regulatory and commercial considerations, while exploring advanced materials and fabrication methods to optimize scaffold performance for improved clinical outcomes.