bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Optimize Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Testing: Solutions to Establishing and Verifying Normal Reference Intervals and Assessing APTT Reagents for Sensitivity to Heparin, Lupus Anticoagulant, and Clotting Factors
Authors: Kershaw Geoffrey , Mohammed Soma , Lippi Giuseppe , Favaloro Emmanuel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay is a very common coagulation test, used for several reasons. The test is conventionally used for assessing the contact factor (intrinsic) pathway of blood coagulation, and thus for screening deficiencies in this pathway, most typically factors VIII, IX, and XI. The APTT is also sensitive to contact factor deficiencies, including factor XII, prekallikrein, and high-molecular-weight kininogen. The APTT may also be elevated in a variety of conditions, including liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The APTT can also be used for monitoring unfractionated heparin (UFH) therapy, as well as for screening lupus anticoagulant (LA) or for assessing thrombosis risk. Which of these separate uses is important to a given laboratory or clinician depends on the laboratory and the clinical context. For example, UFH sensitivity is important in hospital-based laboratories, where UFH therapy is used, but not in hospital-based laboratories where low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is largely employed or where UFH may be assessed by anti-factor Xa testing, or in private/community laboratories not associated with a hospital system. High sensitivity to (low levels of) factors VIII, IX, and XI is generally preferred, as their deficiencies are clinically significant. Also preferred, but not usually achieved, is low sensitivity to factor XII and other contact factors, as these deficiencies are usually asymptomatic. Nevertheless, a good knowledge of factor sensitivity is usually needed, if only to help explain the reasons for a prolonged APTT in a given patient, or whether factor testing or other investigation is required. A good working knowledge of reagents sensitivity to LA is also advisable, especially when the reagent is used as part of a LA test panel, or else as a “general-purpose screening reagent.” The current report is aimed at providing some guidance around these questions, and is intended as a kind of “how to” guide, that will enable laboratories to assess APTT reagents in regard to their sensitivity to heparin, LA, and clotting factors. The report also provides some advice on generation of normal reference ranges, as well as solutions for troubleshooting prolonged APTTs, when performing factor testing or searching for inhibitors.
Platelet Functions are Decreased in Obesity and Restored after Weight Loss: Evidence for a Role of the SERCA3-Dependent ADP Secretion Pathway
Authors: Elaïb Ziane , Lopez Jose , Coupaye Muriel , Zuber Kevin , Becker Yann , Kondratieff Aurélie , Repérant Christelle , Pépin Marion , Salomon Laurence , Teillet France , Msika Simon , Denis Cécile , de Prost Dominique , Rosa Jean-Philippe , Bobe Régis , Stépanian Alain 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn obesity, platelets are described as hyperactive, mainly based on increased platelet size and presence of pro-thrombotic plasmatic molecules. We explored platelet functions, including calcium signalling in obesity, and the effect of weight loss. We included 40 obese patients (women with body mass index [BMI] of ≥ 35 kg/m2) who were to undergo gastric bypass surgery and 40 healthy lean subjects (women with BMI of < 25 kg/m2) as a control group. Approximately 1 year after surgery, the obese patients lost weight (75% had a BMI < 35 kg/m2). They were explored a second time with the same healthy control for the same platelet experiments. Compared with controls, obese patients' platelets displayed reduced sensitivity to thrombin (aggregation EC50 increased by 1.9 ± 0.3-fold, p = 0.005) and a lower Ca2+ response (70 ± 7% decrease, p < 10−4). In 17 pairs of patients, we performed additional experiments: in obese patients' platelets, thrombin-induced αIIbβ3 activation was significantly lower (p = 0.003) and sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA3) expression was decreased (48 ± 6% decrease, p < 10−4). These differences were abolished after weight loss. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of SERCA3 activity in control group's platelets mimicked similar alterations than in obese patients' platelets and was associated with defective adenosine diphosphate (ADP) secretion. Addition of ADP to agonist restored platelet functions in obese patients and in SERCA3-inhibited control platelets (five experiments) confirming the direct involvement of the SERCA3-dependent ADP secretion pathway. This is the first study demonstrating that platelets from obese patients are hypo-reactive, due to a deficiency of SERCA3-dependent ADP secretion. Weight loss restores SERCA3 activity and subsequent calcium signalling, αIIbβ3 activation, platelet aggregation and ADP secretion.
Comparison of Insertion Depth and Hearing Preservation Results between HiFocus 1j and HiFocus Mid-Scala Electrodes in Pediatric Population
Authors: Deshpande Shweta , Vaid Neelam , Gazibegovic Dzemal , KM Ajimsha 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Various electrodes are available with a range of features and designs to fulfil anatomical and geometrical variations of the cochlea. The HiFocus 1j (1j) electrode developed by Advanced Bionics LLC is a lateral wall electrode designed to cover up to 1.5 turns or approximately 540° of the cochlea. The HiFocus Mid-Scala (HFms) was recently introduced and designed for structure preservation with a target insertion depth of 420°.
Objective To evaluate the average insertion depth and variation, and to assess the potential for hearing preservation with 1j and HFms electrodes in children.
Method A group of prelingually deafened children with regular anatomy who received the HiRes90K implant (either 1j or HFms electrode) underwent a plain radiography investigation shortly after the surgery to determine the angular insertion depth. The median age in each group was 3.6 years (1j) and 4.3 years (HFms). The amount of residual hearing was measured through audiometry prior surgery and then monitored at device activation and 1,3, 6, and 12 months later.
Results Seventeen subjects were included for calculation of insertion depth. The median insertion depth and the variation for the 1j electrode was higher than for the HFms electrode (1j 476°; 443°–540°, HFms 413°; 390°–468°). Only eleven subjects were assessed for hearing preservation. Complete hearing preservation was achieved in seven subjects (five HFms and two 1j) and partial loss was observed in two subjects (one HFms and one 1j).
Conclusion Both 1j and HFms electrodes are suitable for young children. Their flexible design allows round window insertions. The HFms group showed higher rates of hearing preservation (HP) than the 1j group.
26. Jahrestagung der DGSM: Schlaf ist der Kundendienst im Körper
Authors: Held Romy 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
„Schlafstörungen gelten mittlerweile als Volkskrankheit, so weit verbreitet sind sie“, stellte der Past President der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin (DGSM), Dr. Alfred Wiater, gleich zu Beginn der Pressekonferenz anlässlich der 26. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft im Oktober in Nürnberg klar. Im Gegensatz dazu stünden die erheblichen Defizite in der Versorgung von Patienten mit Schlafstörungen. „Tagtäglich erleben wir das als Schlafmediziner, zum Beispiel bei der Schlafapnoe. Die Ausschreibungspraxis der Krankenkassen ist hier weit entfernt von der qualitativ gebotenen Patientenversorgung. Eine adäquate Versorgung ist so nur unter erheblichen Einschränkungen möglich, eine individuelle Versorgung jedoch gar nicht“, so Wiater. Dabei ist eine individuelle Behandlung wünschenswert und es gibt mittlerweile eine breite Therapiepalette. „Doch auch das wird von unserem Gesundheitssystem alles andere als gefördert“, fasst Dr. Wiater die Sachlage zusammen.
Immunmodulatorische Effekte sportlicher Aktivität
Authors: Hinze C. H. , Peitz J. 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungSportliche Aktivität und Bewegung sind wesentliche Bestandteile unserer Homöostase. Durch Sport werden immunologische Abläufe im Körper beeinflusst. Wir stellen in diesem Artikel die komplexen Auswirkungen von Sport und Bewegung auf verschiedene Organsysteme und insbesondere das Immunsystem dar. In Zusammenschau der Ergebnisse kann Sport als wichtige Therapie von Autoimmunerkrankungen und insbesondere der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis gesehen werden und hat mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit sogar präventiven Charakter. Weitere Studien in diese Richtung sind nötig, um diese Hypothesen zu stützen und neue therapeutische Herangehensweisen zu etablieren.
ADHS-Diagnose und Stimulanzientherapie bei einem Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Kölle M. , Senel M. , Heckel K. , Grön G. 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungSowohl bei Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätssyndromen als auch bei chronisch entzündlichen ZNS-Erkrankungen (z. B. Multiple Sklerose) können Beeinträchtigungen der Aufmerksamkeit und pathologische Impulsivität auftreten. Liegen sowohl eine entsprechende Psychopathologie als auch eine hirnorganische Schädigung vor, sind die möglichen Ursachen von Aufmerksamkeitsstörung und Hyperaktivität/Impulsivität nicht leicht zu differenzieren. Wir berichten den Fall eines Patienten mit den Symptomen einer ADHS seit dem Grundschulalter und der Erstdiagnose einer MS im Erwachsenenalter. Bei dem Patienten wurde die Diagnose ADHS auf der Grundlage des klinischen Querschnitts, der Vorgeschichte seit der Grundschule, der positiven Familienanamnese bezüglich ADHS-Symptomen und der entsprechenden Fragebogen-Scores gestellt. Eine Stimulanzientherapie zeigte trotz vorhandener hirnorganischer Läsionen eine gute Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit über einen Zeitraum von inzwischen drei Jahren. Ebenso wurden verschiede Schubprophylaxe-Strategien gemeinsam mit Methylphenidat verordnet, ohne dass es zu Interaktionen oder Wirkbeeinträchtigungen kam.
Vergleich zweier Instrumente zur Gefäßversiegelung bei der laparaskopisch-assistierten Ovariohysterektomie der Hündin
Authors: Heblinski Nikola , Brückner Michael 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel: Diese Studie hatte zum Ziel, zwei verschiedene Instrumente zur Gefäßversiegelung bei der laparoskopisch-assistierten Ovariohysterektomie von Hunden zu vergleichen. Material und Methoden: In diese randomisierte, prospektive klinische Studie wurden 12 nacheinander vorgestellte gesunde, intakte Hündinnen aus Privatbesitz unterschiedlicher Rassen einbezogen. Die zur geplanten laparoskopisch-assistierten Ovariohysterektomie vorgestellten Hündinnen wurden randomisiert einer von zwei Behandlungsgruppen zugeteilt. In der einen Gruppe wurde das Gefäßversiegelungsinstrument LigaSure™ benutzt (n = 6), in der anderen der Caiman® (n = 6). Dokumentierte Parameter waren die Dauer aller chirurgischen Einzelschritte, die zur Abtrennung eines jeden Ovars notwendige Anzahl der Versiegelungen, wie häufig das jeweilige Gefäßversiegelungsinstrument bereits verwendet wurde sowie aufgetretene Komplikation, die mit dem Instrument in Zusammenhang standen. Ergebnisse: Der Einsatz des Caiman® erforderte signifikant weniger Versiegelungen, um ein Ovar abzusetzen. Die Zeit des gesamten chirurgischen Eingriffs reduzierte sich dadurch jedoch nicht signifikant. Intraoperative Blutungen wurden in beiden Gruppen beobachtet, traten aber beim LigaSure™ häufiger auf. Eine Konversion zu einer Laparotomie musste bei keinem Tier vorgenommen werden. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Der Caiman® kann sicher für die laparoskopisch-assistierte Ovariohysterektomie des Hundes genutzt werden. Im Vergleich mit dem LigaSure™ waren beim Caiman® weniger Versiegelungen zum Absetzen eines Ovars notwendig. Dies ist auf die verlängerte Verschlussfläche zurückzuführen und die Tatsache, dass die Spitze des Versiegelungsstücks zuerst schließt.
Lebenselixier Schlaf
Authors: Joechner Ann-Kathrin , Hödlmoser Kerstin 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungSchlaf ist ein Grundbedürfnis und Lebenselixier. Wer zu wenig schläft, schadet
nicht nur seinem Immunsystem, sondern wird auch anfälliger für Verletzungen, ist
unkonzentriert und entwickelt leichter chronische Schmerzen. Die Autorinnen
fassen aktuelle Studienergebnisse zusammen.
Comparative Study of Early Health Care Use after Forearm Corrective Osteotomy
Authors: Shrouder-Henry Jason , Novak Christine , Jackson Timothy , Baltzer Heather 
Published: January 2019

Background Bone reconstruction is frequently required for corrective osteotomy of the forearm long bones. Studies have evaluated long term outcomes but not the impact of these procedures on early postoperative complications and health care utilization.
Questions/Purposes This study evaluated the early postoperative health care utilization following corrective osteotomy of the radius and/or ulna.
Patients and Methods The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) was the primary data source to perform a comparative statistical analysis of the bone autograft and nonautograft (allograft, graft substitute, or no graft) procedures. We performed a review of the NSQIP database (2005–2013) to evaluate patients who underwent a corrective osteotomy of the radius and/or ulna.
Results There were 362 cases; autograft (n = 117) and nonautograft (n = 245). There were no significant differences with demographics or comorbidities. The majority of cases were outpatient surgeries and there were no significant differences in anesthesia time, operative time, or hospital length of stay. Overall, the average length of stay was 0.6 days, readmission rate was 2%, and the total complication rate was 1% and there was no statistically significant difference between reconstruction groups. Harvesting of autograft was not associated with the overall 30-day complications and specific markers of health care utilization.
Conclusions Our results are derived from the heterogeneous hospital setting of NSQIP contributing centers. The health care utilization and 30-day complications are low following corrective osteotomy of forearm long bones and autograft harvest did not influence the health care utilization.
Level of Evidence Therapeutic Level II.
Molecular hydrophobicity at a macroscopically hydrophilic surface
Authors: Cyran Jenée D. , Donovan Michael A. , Vollmer Doris , Siro Brigiano Flavio , Pezzotti Simone , Galimberti Daria R. , Gaigeot Marie-Pierre , Bonn Mischa , Backus Ellen H. G. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Silica, the most abundant mineral on Earth, is exploited in many technologies and naturally occurring geological and atmospheric processes. The physical and chemical interactions between silica and water are the fundamental driving forces for water purification systems, oil extraction, and coatings. Characterizing the silica/water interface is therefore important to improve existing technologies, in particular for silica coatings, which rely on wettability and thermal-resistant properties to remain effective. We investigated the silica/water interface using a mixture of macroscopic and microscopic techniques, including experimental and theoretical surface-specific sum frequency generation spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Strikingly, we observed the presence of water molecules non–hydrogen bonded to the nominally hydrophilic silica surface.
Contemporary views of translation in China
Authors: Chan Leo Tak-hung 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
After a brief summary of the classical theories, this report discusses contemporary notions of translation in China with reference to their international and national dimensions. The first section deals with recent conceptualizations that have merged in response to China’s rise as an economic and political power; the concern for promoting outward translations of the Chinese classics in recent years underlines the attempt to “send out” Chinese culture. Section two notes how, in response to the forces of globalization, translation has also been increasingly thought of as language service, the provision of which will allow China to take up a greater share of the worldwide translation market. The final section surveys how translation “manages” the dialectical relationship between the majority language (Chinese) and the minority languages of non-Han communities in the country. Three keywords sum up the turn-of-the-century Chinese thinking on translation: waishu (exportation), canye (industry) and hexie (harmony).
Traditions of translation in Hebrew culture
Authors: Ben-Ari Nitsa , Levin Shaul 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Throughout most of the history of Jewish communities worldwide, diglossia has been the rule rather than the exception. The history of Hebrew translation is hereby told from this special angle of Hebrew’s diglossic existence, encompassing both ‘classical’, genetically related diglossia (Hebrew/Aramaic, Hebrew/Arabic) and ‘extended’, non-genetically related diglossia (Hebrew/Greek, Hebrew/non-semitic Jewish Languages). Accordingly, the following overview is divided into two unequal parts: the first presents traditions of translation into Hebrew in its long-held diglossic state since biblical times to the end of Haskala, and the second, traditions originating and carried out in its ongoing non-diglossic state begun with the return to Eretz Israel in the late 19th century. It is within this context that the attitude towards translation as well as the significance of translation for Hebrew culture will be viewed.
Translation tradition throughout South African history
Authors: Botha Maricel , Beukes Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this report South African translation history is approached from the perspective of asymmetrical power relations with a view to revealing various functions and conceptualisations of translation throughout the country’s notoriously turbulent past. Translation is viewed in a reciprocal relationship with social forces, being stimulated and shaped by them and affecting them in return. Translation is considered from its earliest documented practice by Khoikhoi interpreters in communications with colonists in the 17th century until the present. Changes and trends in the practice and conceptualisation of translation are investigated ranging from translation’s use in manipulating and controlling people under colonialism and apartheid to its use in bringing about transformation in contemporary democratic South Africa. Translation is not only used to bridge communicative barriers according to traditional views, but is seen to extract information and intellectually subjugate, culturally and religiously convert, culturally elevate, manipulate, control, separate, resist and transform. This proves that translation analysed as socially contextualised communication unveils various covert functions of translation, contributing fresh insights to its conceptualisation.
The culture(s) of translation in Russia
Authors: Baer Brian James , Tyulenev Sergey 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of the Russian concept of translation and its relationship to practice across four historical periods, each with its own distinct culture of translation, which shaped the texts selected for translation, who translated them, and how they were translated. These cultures are perhaps more sharply defined than in other European cultures due to the fact that they were brought about by dramatic and radical change from the top, such as the reforms of Peter the Great in the early eighteenth century and the Bolshevik Revolution in the early twentieth. The cultures covered extend from Kievan Rus to the reforms of Peter the Great, the long eighteenth century, the long nineteenth century, ending with the Bolshevik Revolution, and the communist and post-communist periods.
The history of translation in Brazil through the centuries
Authors: Silva-Reis Dennys , Milton John 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This report attempts to give an overview of the history of translation and interpretation in Brazil from the 16th century to the present. It seeks to show important historical characters, works and processes in Translation Studies in Portuguese America in order to discover a possible Brazilian translation tradition. The main paradigms of the History of Brazilian translation are also found in the historical events that took place during each century. In brief, the essay is a panoramic and critical view for non-specialists of the history of the Brazilian tradition of interpretation and translation.
Matrix complementizers in Italo-Romance
Authors: Colasanti Valentina , Silvestri Giuseppina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Based on uncharted evidence from Italo-Romance, we describe and discuss three types of matrix clauses, i.e. jussives, concessives and optatives, which reveal a certain degree of consistency but also display different patterns of microvariation. We show how such clauses may be introduced by complementizers, whose insertion is strictly dependent on the utterance of speech-act material at the outset of the sentence. The variation in the overt realization of the complementizers and the utterance of initial interjections convey different pragmatic information. We finally interpret the morpho-syntactic behaviour of jussive, concessive and optative matrix clauses through the interplay of three semantico-syntactic variables, i.e. beyond-Force, Mood and Modality.
Genotype-Guided Thiopurine Dosing Does not Lead to Additional Costs in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Sluiter Reinier L , van Marrewijk Corine , de Jong Dirk , Scheffer Hans , Guchelaar Henk-Jan , Derijks Luc , Wong Dennis R , Hooymans Piet , Vermeulen Sita H , Verbeek André L M , Franke Barbara , van der Wilt Gert Jan , Kievit Wietske , Coenen Marieke J H 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsDecreased thiopurine S-methyltransferase [TPMT] enzyme activity increases the risk of haematological adverse drug reactions [ADRs] in patients treated with thiopurines. Clinical studies have shown that in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], pharmacogenetic TPMT-guided thiopurine treatment reduces this risk of ADRs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this intervention impacts on healthcare costs and/or quality of life.MethodsAn a priori defined cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted in the Thiopurine response Optimization by Pharmacogenetic testing in Inflammatory bowel disease Clinics [TOPIC] trial, a randomized controlled trial performed in 30 Dutch hospitals. Patients diagnosed with IBD [age ≥18 years] were randomly assigned to the intervention [i.e. pre-treatment genotyping] or control group. Total costs in terms of volumes of care, and effects in quality-adjusted life years [QALYs], based on EuroQol-5D3L utility scores, were measured for 20 weeks. Mean incremental cost savings and QALYs with confidence intervals were calculated using non-parametric bootstrapping with 1000 replications.ResultsThe intervention group consisted of 381 patients and the control group 347 patients. The mean incremental cost savings were €52 per patient [95% percentiles −682, 569]. Mean incremental QALYs were 0.001 [95% percentiles −0.009, 0.010]. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust for potential change in costs of screening, costs of biologicals and costs associated with productivity loss.ConclusionsGenotype-guided thiopurine treatment in IBD patients reduced the risk of ADRs among patients carrying a TPMT variant, without increasing overall healthcare costs and resulting in comparable quality of life, as compared to standard treatment.