bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at natural menopause and life expectancy with and without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Asllanaj Eralda , Bano Arjola , Glisic Marija , Jaspers Loes , Ikram Mohammad Arfan , Laven Joop S.E. , Vőlzke Henry , Muka Taulant , Franco Oscar H. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective:
Effective interventions of future health care require a better understanding of the health risks associated with early onset of menopause and diabetes, but the necessary data are scarce. Little quantitative information is available about the combined association of early menopause and diabetes on life expectancy and the number of years lived with and without diabetes.

Methods:
We included 3,650 postmenopausal women aged 45+ years from the Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based cohort study. Age at menopause categories were defined as follows: early (≤44 y old), normal (45-54 y old), and late (≥55 y old). For life table calculations, we used prevalence, incidence rates, and hazard ratios for three transitions (free of diabetes to diabetes, free of diabetes to death, and diabetes to death) stratifying by age at menopause categories and adjusting for confounders.

Results:
Compared with late menopause, the difference in life expectancy for women who experienced early menopause was −3.5 (95% CI, −6.6 to −0.8) years overall and −4.6 (95% CI, −8.9 to −0.9) years without diabetes. Compared with age at normal menopause, the difference in life expectancy for women who experienced early menopause was −3.1 (95% CI, −5.1 to −1.1) years overall and −3.3 (95% CI, −6.0 to −0.6) years without diabetes.

Conclusions:
Women who experienced early menopause lived less long and spent fewer years without diabetes than women who experienced normal or late menopause.
ADULT-ONSET VITELLIFORM MACULAR DYSTROPHY SECONDARY TO A NOVEL IMPG2 GENE VARIANT
Authors: Shah Saumya M. , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Marmorstein Alan D. , Bakri Sophie J. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To report a case of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy in a patient who was found to have a previously unreported variant of the IMPG2 gene.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 65-year-old white woman with no significant medical or ocular history presented with a complaint of persistent wavy vision for 10 months. On funduscopic examination, bilateral vitelliform lesions of approximately 1 mm in the right eye and 0.5 mm in the left eye were evident, with no choroidal neovascularization in either eye. The patient was diagnosed with adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy. Genetic testing revealed a single likely pathogenic variant of the IMPG2 gene that may explain the examination findings.

Conclusion:
Adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy is a common and relatively benign condition occurring in approximately 1 in 8,000 individuals. Although vitelliform lesions can be a manifestation of systemic diseases or be idiopathic, in a minority of patients, genetic predisposition may play a role. Mutations in four particular genes BEST1, PRPH2, IMPG1, and IMPG2 have been associated with some cases of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy, with this particular gene variant of IMPG2 being previously unreported.
BEARING DOWN ON TREPONEMES: AN ATYPICAL PRESENTATION OF SYPHILITIC UVEITIS
Authors: Cherfan Daniel G. , Browne Andrew W. , Deasy Ryan , Lapinski James , Srivastava Sunil K. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To present an atypical case of syphilis that presented with findings concerning for endocarditis and valsalva retinopathy.

Methods:
History and clinical examination of 42-year-old white man who presented to the emergency department with acute onset vision changes associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, otalgia, and constitutional symptoms.

Results:
The review of this case highlights the atypical nature in which syphilis can present and can remain undiagnosed even in the face of extensive workups for other systemic conditions.

Conclusion:
We present a case of syphilis in a patient with multiorgan involvement in whom the diagnosis was made based on atypical ocular examination findings.
NEUROTROPHIC KERATOPATHY AFTER RETINAL DETACHMENT SURGERY COMBINED WITH ENDOLASER PHOTOCOAGULATION
Authors: Kurt Rengin Aslıhan , Sonmez Baris , Kapran Ziya 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To report neurotrophic keratopathy after vitreoretinal surgery combined with aggressive photocoagulation.

Methods:
We report a series of three cases with neurotrophic keratopathy after pars plana vitrectomy combined with endolaser photocoagulation.

Results:
Three patients who had pars plana vitrectomy with different indications were identified. On follow-up, all patients were diagnosed with neurotrophic keratopathy. Two of the patients underwent amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment of resistant neurotrophic corneal ulcers.

Conclusion:
Neurotrophic keratopathy may occur after pars plana vitrectomy. The possible mechanism is long ciliary nerve damage related to the extensive endolaser photocoagulation.
The Relationship Between Binocular Visual Field Loss and Various Stages of Monocular Visual Field Damage in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Xu Jianan , Lu Peng , Dai Miaomiao , Huang Wenmin , Lin Jialiu , Huang Jingjing 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the effects of monocular visual field loss severity on binocular visual field (BVF) loss in primary angle-closure glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, and normal tension glaucoma patients.

Materials and Methods:
In this observational cross-sectional study, 250 glaucoma patients and 31 healthy participants were assigned to groups according to the stage of monocular visual field loss in both eyes; normal, early, moderate, or severe. BVF assessments were determined via integrated visual field and Esterman binocular visual evaluations. Monocular and BVF parameters were compared within and among groups.

Results:
In patients with one eye at normal or early stage and the other at severe stage, the average integrated mean deviations (MDs) were [mean (SD)], −1.67 (1.39), and −3.27 (2.05) dB, respectively, and the average Esterman scores were >95% [99.17% (1.89%), 96.08% (3.99%), respectively]. Where both eyes had progressed to moderate or severe damage (moderate/moderate, moderate/severe, or severe/severe), the average integrated MDs were worse than −6 dB, and the mean Esterman scores in the moderate/moderate and the moderate/severe damage groups were still >90% [94.20% (5.96%), 94.32% (4.95%), respectively], but it dropped rapidly from >90% to 68.44% (26.27%) when both eyes were at severe stage.

Conclusions:
The BVF can remain relatively intact provided one eye is at the normal or early stage. Significant BVF defects measured by integrated MD were evident when both eyes had progressed to moderate or severe stage, and significant Esterman BVF defects were only detected when both eyes had advanced to a severe stage.
Prognosis of patients with gastric variceal bleeding after endoscopic variceal obturation according to the type of varices
Authors: Lee Han A. , Chang Jung M. , Goh Hyun G. , Kim Tae H. , Lee Young-Sun , Suh Sang J. , Jung Young K. , Choi Hyuk S. , Kim Eun S. , Kim Ji H. , An Hyunggin , Seo Yeon S. , Yim Hyung J. , Jeen Yoon T. , Yeon Jong E. , Chun Hoon J. , Byun Kwan S. , Um Soon H. , Kim Chang D. 
Published: October 2018

Background and aims
This study was performed to evaluate the treatment efficacy of endoscopic variceal obturation (EVO) in patients with gastric variceal bleeding (GVB) according to the type of varices.

Patients and methods
All patients who were treated with EVO for bleeding from gastric varices (GVs) were included. Patients with a previous history of endoscopic treatment for GVB and those with accompanying portal vein invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma or other malignancy were excluded.

Results
Ninety-one patients with GVB were included. Mean age was 59.4±12.4 years and 72 (79.1%) patients were men. The types of varices were gastroesophageal varices (GOV) type 1 (GOV1), GOV2, and isolated gastric varices type 1 (IGV1) in 30 (33.3%), 35 (38.5%), and 26 (28.6%) patients, respectively. Hemostasis and GV obliteration were achieved in 88 (96.7%) and 81 (89.0%) patients, respectively. Among 81 patients with GV obliteration, GV recurred in 26 (32.1%) patients. The GV recurrence rate was significantly lower in patients with GOV1 than in those with GOV2 (P=0.007), while it was comparable between patients with GOV1 and IGV1 (P=0.111) and between patients with GOV2 and IGV1 (P=0.278). Variceal rebleeding occurred in 11 (13.6%) patients. GVB recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with GOV2 than in those with GOV1 (P=0.034) and IGV1 (P=0.018), while it was comparable between patients with GOV1 and IGV1 (P=0.623). Mortality rate was comparable among the three groups.

Conclusions
EVO was very effective in patients with GVB. GV recurrence and GV rebleeding were significantly lower in patients with GOV1 than in those with GOV2.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation: is this the standard of care for pediatric unilateral vocal cord paralysis?
Authors: Espinosa Maria Catalina , Ongkasuwan Julina 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
Ansa to recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation, otherwise known as a nonselective laryngeal reinnervation (NSLR), is growing in popularity for the management of pediatric unilateral neuronal vocal fold movement impairment (VFMI). In this chapter, we will review the current treatment options for neuronal VFMI and role that NSLR plays in the treatment algorithm.

Recent findings
In 2018, Bouhabel and Hartnick published a survey of fellowship trained pediatric otolaryngologists and found an increasing comfort level with NSLR. Respondents felt that NSLR resulted in favorable subjective and objective postsurgical voice outcomes. Furthermore, NSLR may decrease the risk of aspiration in children with neuronal VFMI. Although NSLR appears to work, the voice results are not perfect for all children. Further work is being done to understand which preoperative variables, such as age, time from injury, and preop laryngeal electromyography, may predict a better voice outcome.

Summary
A variety of treatment options exist for unilateral neuronal VFMI. Recent data and developments demonstrate the effectiveness of reinnervation as a potential first-line surgical intervention in children with unilateral neuronal VFMI.
Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in intestinal diseases
Authors: Ciccocioppo Rachele , Fioravante Marzia , Frulloni Luca 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
The advent of cell therapies, mainly based on the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), represents a great step forward in the treatment of immune-mediated conditions. Here, we focus on those intestinal disorders wherein MSCs have been applied for immunotherapeutic purposes and whose results are available.

Recent findings
By virtue of their ability to favour both tissue regeneration and immune tolerance, together with a substantial lack of immunogenicity, MSCs have gained huge attention in the last decade. Following abundant positive experimental data, a sizable number of clinical trials using MSCs as a new treatment in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases were carried out with promising results and several are still ongoing. The main indication was refractory Crohn's disease wherein both feasibility and safety clearly emerged when treating the luminal phenotype with intravenous infusion/s, albeit no definitive conclusion on efficacy may be drawn. By contrast, the availability of robust demonstration also on the efficacy when treating the fistulizing phenotype through local injection/s of MSCs has led to approval of the marketing of an industrial preparation (darvadstrocel).

Summary
Successful clinical implementation of this attractive option is hampered by a number of obstacles arising from methodology and regulation issues, which require the institution of interdisciplinary task forces before this cell therapy becomes a bedside reality.
Physiotherapy in Postinfection Injury to Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI
Authors: Rongies Witold , Bojakowski Jacek , Koktysz Lidia , Dolecki Włodzimierz , Lewińska Agnieszka Olga , Krzeski Antoni 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe patient with bacterial infection sequelae in the form of damage to cranial nerves III, IV, and VI was followed up. He had exhibited clinical and radiographic signs of paranasal sinusitis. Before his physiotherapy, the patient received standard treatment with natural and synthetic antibiotics and steroids. After acute signs of infection resolved without any functional improvement, the patient was referred to a rehabilitation unit to undergo neuromuscular re-education of the paralyzed extraocular muscles. Periorbital hydrocortisone iontophoresis and visuomotor exercises with intense ideomotor stimulation led to complete and rapid resolution of extraocular muscle paralysis and diplopia. Physiotherapy can be an effective treatment of choice after failed pharmacological treatment in patients with damage to cranial nerves III and VI. It has many theoretical advantages, including noninvasiveness and avoidance of first-pass metabolism of drugs administered systemically.
Bereavement, Self-Reported Sleep Disturbances, and Inflammation: Results From Project HEART
Authors: Chirinos Diana A. , Ong Jason C. , Garcini Luz M. , Alvarado Daisy , Fagundes Christopher 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
Spousal bereavement is linked to increased mortality and morbidity from inflammatory conditions. It also has a significant impact on sleep disturbances. Evidence from experimental studies indicates that chronic stress may prime individuals to have an exaggerated inflammatory response to acute stress. In this study, we examined the association between self-reported sleep disturbances and inflammation after adjusting for depressive symptoms and determined whether this association varies by bereavement status (bereaved individuals versus controls).

Methods
Participants included 54 bereaved individuals and 47 controls with a M (SD) age of 67.12 (12.11) years. Inflammation was measured using C-reactive protein. Self-reported sleep disturbances were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

Results
Sleep disturbances were not associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein in the overall group (B = 0.030, standardized β = 0.122, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.027 to 0.087, p = .299) after adjusting for depressive symptoms. Results indicated, however, that bereavement moderated the association between inflammation and sleep disturbances (B = 0.104, β = 0.517, 95% CI = 0.009 to 0.198, p = .032). Stratified analyses demonstrated that these associations differed across groups. Associations were significant among bereaved individuals (B = 0.104, β = 0.406, 95% CI = 0.013 to 0.196, p = .026) and not controls (B = −0.016, β = −0.066, 95% CI = −0.096 to 0.065, p = .690).

Conclusions
These findings provide preliminary evidence that bereavement moderates the association between self-reported sleep disturbances and inflammation. Future studies should examine the course of sleep disturbances after bereavement and establish whether objective sleep has differential associations with inflammation among bereaved adults.
18F-Choline and 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: De Leiris Nicolas , Riou Laurent , Leenhardt Julien , Vuillez Jean-Philippe , Djaileb Loïc 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report herein the case of an 80-year-old man who was referred for a biochemical recurrence of a high-risk prostate cancer. In addition to prostate cancer recurrence, 18F-choline allowed partial initial staging of an incidental diffuse large B-cell lymphoma which was further confirmed and staged using 18F-FDG and a biopsy. Two types of metabolic behavior were therefore identified using 18F-choline and 18F-FDG which corresponded to 2 different uptake patterns, that is, those of the prostate and lymphoma tumoral cell contingents.
18F-DCFPyL PET/CT in Oncocytoma
Authors: Li Jeremy , Xu Richard , Kim Chun K. , Bénard François , Kapoor Anil , Bauman Glenn , Zukotynski Katherine A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 76-year-old man with biochemical failure after primary radiotherapy for prostate cancer had no malignant disease detected on 99mTc-MDP bone scan and diagnostic CT. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a type II transmembrane glycoprotein, is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells. The PSMA-targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT demonstrated lymph node disease and photopenic defects in the left kidney associated with a cyst and biopsy-proven oncocytoma. Prostate-specific membrane antigen is expressed in the neovasculature of several solid tumors. It has been reported that PSMA expression is seen in approximately 50% of oncocytoma versus 76% of clear cell renal carcinomas. Biopsy confirmation is needed regardless of 18F-DCFPyL avidity.
Unexpected Bone Metastases in 99mTc-Pertechnetate Scan of Recurrent Goiter
Authors: Hoberück Sebastian , Michler Enrico , Seppelt Danilo , Kotzerke Jörg , Brogsitter Claudia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A 68-year-old woman who underwent a thyroidectomy for bilateral goiter 20 years ago was referred to our department. The examination revealed a newly occurred thyroid nodule in the right central lobe. Unexpectedly the 99mTc-pertechnetate scan revealed several extrathyroidal foci right-sided supraclavicular, beside a cold thyroid nodule in the right lower lobe. Consecutive surgery and histology confirmed the suspected diagnosis of follicular thyroid cancer with multiple bone metastases. Whole-body scintigraphy performed after the following radioiodine therapy indicated disseminated osseous metastases.
Hyperechoic Abdominal Fat
Authors: Chakraborty Amit K. , Olcott Eric W. , Jeffrey Brooke R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
One of the most useful sonographic signs of acute abdominal inflammation is the identification of increased echogenicity of the surrounding fat. Hyperechoic fat results from vasodilation and edema extending from an adjacent source of infection or inflammation. These changes are mediated by such factors such as bradykinin, histamine, and various cytokines. The recognition of hyperechoic fat on sonography may be an important indicator of the primary source of pathology. In addition, it often reflects a more advanced degree of transmural pathology, such as “walled-off” perforation of a hollow viscus. This pictorial essay will present a variety of examples of hyperechoic inflamed fat involving different abdominal organs and will illustrate the diagnostic value of this finding.
Quantitative Assessment of Palatine Tonsils in Healthy Children and Adolescents With Shear-Wave Elastography
Authors: Öztürk Mehmet , Çalişkan Emine , Bayramoğlu Zuhal , Adaletli İbrahim 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The normal elasticity and velocity values for palatine tonsils (PTs) in healthy children and adolescents were defined using shear wave elastography, and the relationship with potential factors affecting these values was assessed. This prospective study included a total of 80 cases with ages ranging from 3 to 17 years. Sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Elasticity and velocity measurements of both PTs and the relationship with basic descriptive data were investigated. For statistical analyses, independent-samples t tests and Spearman ρ (r) correlation coefficient were used. Quantitative variables are shown as the mean ± SD, and categorical variables are shown as n (%). The mean age was 10.6 ± 6.4 years, and the mean BMI was 17.40 ± 4 kg/m2. The mean elasticity and velocity values were 9.38 ± 1.27 kPa and 1.76 ± 0.11 m/s for the right PT and 9.57 ± 1.43 kPa and 1.79 ± 1.04 m/s for the left PT, respectively. The mean tonsil volume was 2.44 mL for the right PT and 2.36 mL for the left PT. There were no significant differences in elasticity, velocity, and volumes when comparing location, age, or sex groups. No significant correlations were observed between the elasticity and velocity values and BMI. In conclusion, this preliminary work can be used as a reference for the diagnosis of PT diseases. Future comprehensive studies are necessary to establish the role of elastography in the diagnosis of pathologic tissue differentiation confirmed by clinical, laboratory, or pathology analyses.
Ultrasound Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Kelahan Linda C. , Desser Terry S. , Troxell Megan L. , Kamaya Aya 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Ultrasound assessment of the kidneys in patients with renal impairment has been described in various ways in the critical care, nephrology, and radiology literature, resulting in a somewhat heterogeneous picture of the gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound manifestation of acute kidney injury (AKI). Given that ultrasound assessment can potentially identify reversible causes of AKI or identify underlying chronic kidney disease, it is important for radiologists to be aware of the common etiologies of AKI and the spectrum of ultrasound findings. We review the definition and etiologies of renal injury and introduce the ultrasound SERVeillance framework—assessment of renal size, echogenicity, renal hilum, and vascularity—for the imaging assessment of AKI.
Difference in Detection Rate of Portal Venous Gas via Computed Tomography and Ultrasonography in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Yamada Yoshitake , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Hosokawa Mayumi , Oguma Eiji 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study was performed to compare computed tomography (CT)– and ultrasonography (US)–derived detection rates of portal venous gas (PVG) in pediatric patients and investigate whether discrepancies between these modalities were influenced by patient age and interval between examinations. We included 25 children who underwent both CT and US within 2 days for evaluation of intestinal ischemia. McNemar test was used to compare the detection of PVG between the 2 modalities. The cohort was retrospectively divided into 2 groups based on whether comparable results were obtained via both modalities; the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare patient age and interval between CT and US between these 2 groups. Among 25 children, CT and US yielded similar results in 17 patients regarding the presence or absence of PVG (median age/interval, 2 years [range, 0–17 years]/51 minutes [range, 2–1196 minutes]; 3/14 detected via both/not both modalities) and different results in 8 (median age/interval, 0 years [range, 0–15 years]/171.5 minutes [range, 64–1486 minutes]; 7/1 detected via US only/via CT only). There was a significant difference in PVG detection rate between US and CT (P = 0.034). Patient age did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P = 0.206), but the interval between CT and US did (P = 0.025). In conclusion, the detection rate of PVG was higher with US, compared with CT, although the timings of the examinations could have influenced this finding. Ultrasonography could be useful for PVG detection in pediatric patients because it can be performed repeatedly at the bedside without radiation exposure.