bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated metabolomics signature for assessing the longevity of Panax ginseng seeds
Authors: Min Jung Eun , Hong Ji Yeon , Kwon Sung Won , Park Jeong Hill 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPanax ginseng seeds have strong dormancy and a prolonged germination period in comparison to other seeds; thus, it is a great challenge to propagate ginseng. Seed longevity is closely associated with germination rate and viability, so we assumed that if a seed loses its viability, specific metabolic alterations regarding plant growth factors might occur. In this study, we divided ginseng seeds into normal and accelerated‐aging groups. Both groups were treated with gibberellic acid, which is one of the most important plant‐growth regulators. Afterward, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to analyze the samples, to identify the metabolic alterations between the two groups.ResultsForty‐four endogenous metabolites in normal and accelerated aging groups were putatively identified. To determine the differential significance of these metabolites, t‐tests and fold‐change analysis were conducted followed by principal component analysis and partial least‐squares discriminant analysis to determine the metabolites that showed distinct responses between the groups. Among the differentially expressed metabolites (P value < 0.05 and FDR < 0.1), nine metabolites were selected as potential biomarker candidates for the prediction of seed longevity.CONCLUSIONNine metabolites related to ginseng seed longevity were identified by comparing metabolomes. Our findings suggest that ginseng propagation can be facilitated by the regulation of these distinctive metabolic features of the seeds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of different substrates on low‐temperature storage of fresh ginseng
Authors: Gao Kun , Liu Zhengbo , Chen Jianbo , Chen Lixue , Qi Yuli , Wang Zeshuai , Sun Yinshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFresh ginseng was buried in three types of sand with different moisture contents and three types of soil and then stored at 2 °C to determine the effects of these storage substrates on fresh ginseng.RESULTSAt a storage time of 200 days, ginseng stored in underforest soil softened the most slowly and had a significantly greater firmness compared to the other samples (P < 0.05). The amount of most ginsenosides changed after storage for most of the substrates. Samples stored in ginseng soil and biological fertilizer had the highest concentration of total saponin and ginseng polysaccharides, respectively. Fresh ginseng stored in medium‐water content sand had a significantly lower polyphenol oxidase activity (P < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the total concentration of nucleosides and nucleobases between the ginseng samples stored with and without substrates (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe data obtained in the present study suggest that the use of storage substrates is an optimal method for extending the shelf life of fresh ginseng without detrimental effects on its components. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Evolution and clustering of prodromal parkinsonian features in GBA1 carriers
Authors: Mullin Stephen , Beavan Michelle , Bestwick Jonathan , McNeill Alisdair , Proukakis Christos , Cox Timothy , Hughes Derralynn , Mehta Atul , Zetterberg Henrik , Schapira Anthony H.V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundFive to 25% of patients with PD carry glucocerebrosidase gene mutations, and 10% to 30% of glucocerebrosidase carriers will develop PD by age 80. Stratification of PD risk in glucocerebrosidase carriers provides an opportunity to target disease‐modifying therapies.ObjectiveCross‐sectional and longitudinal survey of prodromal PD signs among glucocerebrosidase carriers.DesignProspective assessment of 82 glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers and 35 controls over 4 to 5 years for prodromal clinical PD features.ResultsAt all time points, olfactory (measured using University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test) and cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) function and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society UPDRS parts II and III scores were significantly worse amongst glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers. Progression to microsmia (odds ratio: 8.5; 95% confidence interval: 2.6–28.2; P < 0.05) and mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio: 4.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.1–16.6; P < 0.05) were more rapid compared to controls. Those with worse olfaction also had worse cognition (OR, 1.5; 95% CI: 0.0–2.8; P < 0.05) and depression (OR, 1.3; 95% CI: 0.6–2.8; P < 0.05). No participants reached the MDS prodromal PD diagnostic criteria before PD diagnosis. One participant developed PD. He did not fulfill the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society prodromal PD criteria before diagnosis.ConclusionAssessment of individual and clustered PD prodromal features may serve as a useful tool to identify high‐risk subjects for conversion to PD. As a result of the low conversion rate in our glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers to date, prospective validation is needed in larger cohorts to establish the profile of these features in PD convertors. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Menkes disease complicated by concurrent Koolen‐de Vries syndrome (17q21.31 deletion)
Authors: Woodfin Taylor , Stoops Christine , Philips Joseph B. , Lose Edward , Mikhail Fady M. , Hurst Anna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundKoolen‐de Vries (KdV) syndrome is caused by a 17q21.31 deletion leading to clinical symptoms of hypotonia and developmental delay and can present with abnormal hair texture. Menkes disease is an X‐linked recessive inherited disease caused by pathogenic variants in ATP7A, which leads to profound copper deficiency.MethodWe identified an infant male who presented with prematurity, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features for whom a family history of clinical Menkes disease was revealed after discussion with the clinical genetics team.ResultsAlthough initial first‐tier genetic testing identified Kdv syndrome (17q21.31 syndrome), the family history led the team to consider a second diagnostic possibility, and testing of ATP7A revealed a pathogenic variant (c.601C>T, p.R201X).ConclusionMenkes disease and KdV syndrome may both present with hypotonia and abnormal hair, in addition to seizures and failure to thrive. While these genetic conditions have overlapping clinical features, they have different natural histories and different therapeutic options. Here, we report on a patient affected with both disorders and review the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties this presented.
A comparison of planar convex dielectric lens loaded flat reflector with parabolic reflector and reflectarray
Authors: Lingasamy Veluchamy , Selvan Krishnasamy T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, experimental demonstration in the X‐band of a flat reflector backed dielectric lens is reported. Equivalence between the reflector‐lens and parabolic reflector of equivalent cross‐section is shown by comparing their radiation characteristics. The reflector‐lens is also compared with a reflectarray resonating at 10 GHz, and their radiation patterns show good match at this frequency.
The failure of non‐invasive prenatal testing due to maternal dermatomyositis
Authors: Feng Chuan‐Shou , Lu Bei‐Yi , Ju Hui‐Hui , Pan Wen‐Jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe experienced a case of a pregnant woman who failed to obtain a result from NIPT, due to the high level of total cell‐free DNA. A subsequent ultrasound examination discovered that the fetus had severe intrauterine growth restriction, so the woman decided to abort the baby. At the same time, the woman developed slight swelling and tenderness of the proximal interphalangeal and meta‐carpophalangeal joints. At first, these symptoms were not noticed, but, when the pregnant woman was admitted to the hospital, her laboratory tests were seriously abnormal, such as serum lactate dehydrogenase (640U/L), creatine phosphor kinase (4525U/L), kinase isoenzyme MB (170U/L), and a hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (398U/L). The patient had no other symptoms at this time. Misoprostol and subsequent forceps curettage were used for the induced abortion, a 167‐g female fetus was aborted. Fetal skin tissue was taken for chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and placenta (biopsied in four places and tested as two composite samples) were taken for postnatal karyotyping to exclude a confined placental mosaicism, chromosomal microarray analysis of the fetal skin tissue revealed that the karyotype was 46, XX, karyotyping of placenta (100 cells) gave results of 46, XX, no abnormalities were detected. Ten days after induction, the patient had developed progressive symmetric muscle weakness in the proximal extremities. Physical examination revealed Gottron's sign and erythema. A manual muscle test showed weakness of the muscles (4/5) of her proximal extremities. Electromyography showed myogenic impairment. After excluding the possibility of neoplasia, the patient was diagnosed with dermatomyositis.
Room temperature suzuki cross‐coupling polymerizations of aryl dihalides and aryldiboronic acid/acid esters with t‐Bu3P‐coordinated 2‐phenylaniline‐based palladacycle complex as the precatalyst
Authors: Peng Wei , Dong Jie , Li Han‐Bin , Chow Christine , Hu Qiao‐Sheng 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRoom temperature Suzuki cross‐coupling polymerization of aryl dibromides/diiodides with aryldiboronic acids/acid esters with t‐Bu3P‐coordinated 2‐phenylaniline‐based palladacycle complex, [2′‐(amino‐kN)[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl‐kC]chloro(tri‐t‐butylphosphine)palladium, as a general precatalyst is described. Such room temperature Suzuki cross‐coupling polymerization is achieved by employing six equivalents or more of the base and affords polymers within an hour, with the yields and the molecular weights in general comparable to or higher than reported results that required higher reaction temperature and/or longer polymerization time. Our study provides a general catalyst system for the room temperature Suzuki cross‐coupling polymerization of aryl dibromides/diiodides with aryldiboronic acids/acid esters and paves the road for the investigation of employing other monodentate ligand‐coordinated palladacycle complexes including other electron‐rich monophosphine‐coordinated ones for room temperature cross‐coupling polymerizations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1606–1611
Recent developments in entropy‐driven ring‐opening metathesis polymerization: Mechanistic considerations, unique functionality, and sequence control
Authors: Pearce Amanda K. , Foster Jeffrey C. , O'Reilly Rachel K. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTEntropy‐driven ROMP (ED‐ROMP) involves polymerization of olefin‐containing macrocyclic monomers under entropically favorable conditions. Macrocycles can be prepared from a variety of interesting molecules which, when polymerized, impart unique functionality to the resulting polymer backbone such as degradable linkages, biological moieties, crystallizable groups, or supramolecular hosts. In addition, the sequence of atoms in the cyclic monomer is preserved within the polymer repeating units, allowing for facile preparation of sequence‐defined polymers. In this review article, we consider how the mechanism of ROMP applies to ED polymerizations, how olefinic macrocycles are synthesized, and how polymerization conditions can be tuned to maximize conversion. Recent works in the past 10 years are highlighted, with emphasis on methods which can be employed to achieve fast polymerization kinetics and/or selective head‐to‐tail regiochemistry, thus improving polymerization control. ED‐ROMP, with its unique capability to produce polymers with well‐defined polymer backbone microstructure, represents an essential complement to other, well‐established, metathesis methodologies such as ROMP. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1621–1634
HnRNPM is a potential mediator of YY1 which promotes EMT in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Yang Tong , An Zesheng , Zhang Changwen , Wang Zhen , Wang Xiaoming , Liu Yan , Du E , Liu Ranlu , Zhang Zhihong , Xu Yong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundWith the popularity of serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening, the number of newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) patients is increasing. However, indolent and invasive PCa cannot be distinguished by the PSA level. Here, we mainly explored the role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNPM) in the invasiveness of PCa.MethodsReverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of hnRNPM in PCa and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) tissue samples as well as PCa cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect hnRNPM or Yin Yang 1 (YY1) expression in BPH, prostate adenocarcinoma (ADENO) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) tissue samples. After aberrant hnRNPM expression was detected in C4‐2 and PC3 cells, changes in cell migration and invasion were observed through wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. We also predicted the transcription factor (TF) of hnRNPM through databases and then verified the association between hnRNPM and YY1 using chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays.ResultsThe hnRNPM expression pattern exhibited a gradual reduction from BPH tissue to ADENO tissue to NEPC tissue, and hnRNPM had lower expression in more aggressive PCa cell lines. The overexpression of hnRNPM could significantly reduce the expression of Twist1, which inhibits the migration and invasion of PCa cells in vitro. In PCa cells, the overexpression of YY1 could promote epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) by reducing hnRNPM expression. Furthermore, this effect caused by the overexpression of YY1 could be partially attenuated by the simultaneous overexpression of hnRNPM.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that hnRNPM negatively regulates PCa cell migration and invasion, and that hnRNPM expression can be transcriptionally inhibited by YY1. We speculate that hnRNPM may be a biomarker that can assist in assessing PCa aggressiveness.
Rotations and mixtures of soil‐applied herbicides delay resistance
Authors: Busi Roberto , Powles Stephen B , Beckie Hugh J , Renton Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWeed resistance to foliar herbicides has dramatically increased worldwide in the last two decades. As a consequence, current practices of weed management have changed, with an increased adoption of soil‐applied herbicides to restore control of herbicide‐resistant weeds. We foresee metabolism‐based resistance and cross‐resistance to soil‐applied herbicides as a potential global consequence to the increased and widespread adoption of new and old soil‐applied herbicides. Thus, the aim of this study is to use computer simulation modelling to quantify and rank the risk of weeds evolving resistance to soil‐applied herbicides under different usage strategies (single herbicide use, rotations and mixtures) and population genetic hypotheses.RESULTSSimulations indicate that without rotation it takes twice as long to select for resistance to a particular soil‐applied herbicide – trifluralin – than to any other herbicide option considered. Relative to trifluralin‐only use, simple herbicide rotation patterns have no effect in delaying resistance, whereas more complex rotation patterns can delay resistance two‐ or three‐fold. Herbicide mixtures further delay resistance up to six‐fold in comparison to single use or simple herbicide rotations.CONCLUSIONBy computer modelling simulations we demonstrate that mixtures maximize herbicide effectiveness and the selection heterogeneity of soil‐applied herbicides, and delay herbicide resistance evolution in weedy plants. Our study is consistent with previous state‐of‐art scientific evidence (i.e. epidemiological and modelling studies across different systems and pests) and extension efforts (i.e. ‘rotate herbicide mixtures’) to provide insight to manage the selection and evolution of weed resistance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel TIPT double mutation in EPSPS conferring glyphosate resistance in tetraploid Bidens subalternans
Authors: Takano Hudson K , Fernandes Vanessa NA , Adegas Fernando S , Oliveira Jr Rubem S , Westra Philip , Gaines Todd A , Dayan Franck E 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBidens subalternans (greater beggarticks) is a tetraploid and troublesome weed infesting annual crops in most tropical regions of the world. A glyphosate‐resistant (GR) B. subalternans biotype was detected in a soybean field from Paraguay. A series of physiological and molecular analyses were conducted to elucidate its resistance mechanisms.RESULTSThe GR biotype had a high level of resistance (> 15‐fold LD50), relative to a glyphosate‐susceptible (GS) biotype. Shikimate accumulation was up to ten‐fold greater for GS compared with GR. We found no differences in sensitivity when plants were treated and kept under lower (10/4 °C) or higher temperatures (25/20 °C). GS and GR had the same relative EPSPS gene copy number, and similar glyphosate absorption and translocation rates. Neither biotype metabolized glyphosate. A double amino acid substitution (TIPT – Thr102Ile and Pro106Thr) was found in only one EPSPS allele from one of the two EPSPS homoeologs present in tetraploid GR B. subalternans.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report of a TIPT double mutation conferring high levels of glyphosate resistance in a weed species. The presence of both wild‐type and TIPT mutant EPSPS on the polyploid genome of GR B. subalternans may offset a potential fitness cost, requiring additional research to confirm the absence of deleterious effects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Historical perspective: earlier ensembles and forecasting forecast skill
Authors: Kalnay Eugenia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe history of ensemble forecasting is briefly reviewed, including the pioneering approaches of stochastic dynamical forecasting (Epstein, 1969, Tellus, 21, 739–759), Monte‐Carlo forecasting (Leith, 1974b, Monthly Weather Review, 102, 409–418), Lagged Average Forecasting (Hoffman and Kalnay, 1983, Tellus, 35A, 100–118) and Scaled LAF (Ebisuzaki and Kalnay, 1991, pp. 6.31–6.32), as well as early predictions of forecast skill (McCalla and Kalnay, 1988, pp. 634–640; Palmer and Tibaldi, 1988, Monthly Weather Review, 116, 2453–2480; Kalnay and Ham, 1989, pp. 24–27; Molteni and Palmer, 1990, Monthly Weather Review, 119, 1088–1097), and their operational results (Wobus and Kalnay, 1995, Monthly Weather Review, 123, 2132–2148). Ensembles of multiple models (aka Poor person Ensemble Prediction Systems or PEPS) are generally quite successful compared to stochastically perturbed ensembles probably because the centers that created them each try to be one of the best, if not the best, so their uncertainties in the models and the analyses are more realistic than just stochastic perturbations.
Catalytic Application of Tactically Aligned Cd(II)‐Based Luminescent 3D‐Supramolecular Networks
Authors: Rajak Richa , Mohammad Akbar , Chandra Prakash , Mobin Shaikh M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new Cd(II) based coordination polymers {[Cd(Azopy)(H2O)4]⋅(NDC)}n (1) has been designed and synthesized by using 4,4′‐Azopyridine (Azopy), and 2, 6‐Naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (NDC) as a linker at ambient condition. The bulk purity of the 1 was analysed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, infrared spectroscopy and further confirmed by single crystal X‐ray studies. The crystal structure of 1 revealed a polythreading feature where each 2, 6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate unit are trapped between two one‐dimensional (1D) chain of [Cd(Azopy)(H2O)4]∞ via strong hydrogen bonding interactions. The hydrogen bonding and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions of 1 play a crucial role in the formation of the infinite 3D‐layered supramolecular network. Furthermore, the reduction of nitro‐aromatics to their corresponding amines was performed using green hydrogen source such as D‐glucose in H2O solvent at room temperature. Additionally, the dye adsorption studies revealed that 1 can adsorb Congo Red (CR) dye in a very short span of time. The kinetic study result reveals that the adsorption of CR for 1 is fitted well (R2 =0.996) with a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Moreover, photoluminescence of 1 shows emission in the blue region with λmax at 395 nm and 408 nm at room temperature in the solid state. 1 shows multi‐facet behaviour such as facile synthesis, luminescent nature in solids‐state, emerged as a heterogeneous dye‐adsorbent and catalyst which makes it easy to scaled‐up.
Optimized design of fillet welds for CHS joints according to EN 1993‐1‐8
Authors: Tousignant Kyle , Packer Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDesigning fillet welds using the directional method of EN 1993‐1‐8 requires the consideration of force components, converted to stresses, located in the plane of the weld throat. For circular hollow section (CHS) joints, considering these ”stress components“ can be exceedingly difficult. An approach to applying the directional method to CHS joints is developed in this paper. The directional and simplified methods of EN 1993‐1‐8 are then evaluated against available finite‐element data, validated from recent tests on weld‐critical CHS X‐joints according to the standard evaluation procedure of EN 1990. Despite inherent non‐uniform loading of the weld around the perimeter of the brace, it is shown that taking the total weld length to be effective is safe for both methods. Procedures are given so that these methods can be used to design fillet welds in CHS joints as ”fit‐for‐purpose“, as permitted by EN 1993‐1‐8 and ISO 14346, and new design charts are produced for minimum fillet welds that develop the axial capacity of the connected brace.
Equity in college physics student learning: A critical quantitative intersectionality investigation
Authors: Van Dusen Ben , Nissen Jayson 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe investigated the intersectional nature of race/racism and gender/sexism in broad scale inequities in physics student learning using a critical quantitative intersectionality. To provide transparency and create a nuanced picture of learning, we problematized the measurement of equity by using two competing operationalizations of equity: Equity of Individuality and Equality of Learning. These two models led to conflicting conclusions. The analyses used hierarchical linear models to examine student's conceptual learning as measured by gains in scores on research‐based assessments administered as pretests and posttests. The data came from the Learning About STEM Student Outcomes' (LASSO) national database and included data from 13,857 students in 187 first‐semester college physics courses. Findings showed differences in student gains across gender and race. Large gender differences existed for White and Hispanic students but not for Asian, Black, and Pacific Islander students. The models predicted larger gains for students in collaborative learning than in lecture‐based courses. The Equity of Individuality operationalization indicated that collaborative instruction improved equity because all groups learned more with collaborative learning. The Equality of Learning operationalization indicated that collaborative instruction did not improve equity because differences between groups were unaffected. We discuss the implications of these mixed findings and identify areas for future research using critical quantitative perspectives in education research.