bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dentinal tubule penetration of endodontic sealers after nonthermal plasma treatment: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study
Authors: Gunes Betul , Yeter Kubra Y. , Terlemez Arslan , Seker Basak , Altay Yasin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOne of the factors affecting the success of endodontic treatment is to fill the root canal system hermetically. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of nonthermal plasma (NP) on dentinal tubule penetration of root canal sealers using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Forty mandibular premolar teeth were selected and the root canals were prepared with large‐Waveone‐Gold rotary‐files. Specimens were divided into four experimental groups according to sealer and NP treatment (n = 10). G1: AH‐Plus (AH) G2: nonthermal plasma application + AH‐Plus(AH‐P) G3: Endosequence‐BC(BC) G4: nonthermal plasma application + Endosequence‐BC(BC‐P). Cold lateral‐condensation technique was used for the obturation of root canals. The roots were sectioned horizontally and the sections were examined under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The maximum tubule penetration and percentage of penetration values were obtained from the microscopy images and were statistically analyzed with repeated measurements‐ANOVA and the Tukey (HSD) test (p < 0.05). The percentages of dentinal tubule penetration of the groups were not statistically different. The maximum tubule penetration of the AH‐P was statistically lower than that of the BC‐P (p < 0.05). Plasma application had no affect on the percentage of dentinal tubule penetration. Under the conditions of this in vitro Endosequence‐BC sealer showed higher maximum tubule penetration values than AH‐Plus after NP treatment. Percentage of dentinal tubule penetration values of experimental groups was similar.
Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles attenuate cancer cells proliferation: Transmission electron microscopy analysis
Authors: Akhtar Sultan , Khan Firdos Alam , Buhaimed Abdullah 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe penetration and transportation of nanoparticles (NPs) inside the cancer cells is critical to study. In this article, cancer cells (HCT‐116) were treated with functionalized magnetic NPs for the period of 48 hr and studied their ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The NPs‐treated cells were prepared by chemical fixation and sliced into electron‐transparent arbitrary sections (200 × 200 μm2) by ultramicrotome. Major events of NPs–cell interaction, such as penetration of NPs, encapsulation of NPs into the intracellular compartments, transportation of NPs, and NPs exit, were examined by TEM to understand the mechanism of cell death. The NPs showed the uniform spherical shape with broad size distribution (100–400 nm), while cells displayed irregular morphology with average diameter ~5 μm. Our results showed the successful penetration of NPs deep into the cell, encapsulation, transportation, and exocytosis. Furthermore, we tested the different concentrations (0, 1.5, 12.5, and 50 μg/ml) of NPs on cancer cells and evaluated the cell viability. Laser confocal microscopy and colorimetric analysis together demonstrated that the cell viability is a dose‐dependent phenomenon, where 50 μg/ml specimen showed the highest killing of cancer cells compared to other dosages.
Clozapine‐induced myocarditis: Follow‐up for 3.5 years after successful retrial
Authors: Otsuka Yuji , Idemoto Keita , Hosoda Yutaka , Imamura Yukitsugu , Aoki Tsutomu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia patients have significantly lower life expectancy than the general population. Clozapine is the most effective antipsychotic to reduce the mortality rate in these patients. Here, we report a schizophrenic patient with clozapine‐induced myocarditis and successful retrial. In the first trial, clozapine was discontinued due to myocarditis. In the second trial, the titration rate was slower, and sodium valproate was not coadministered with clozapine. The patient has not developed myocarditis over 3.5 years of observation. It may be possible to take clozapine for a long time even after clozapine‐induced myocarditis, and thus improve the life expectancy of schizophrenia patients.
Senescent cells: Living or dying is a matter of NK cells
Authors: Antonangeli Fabrizio , Zingoni Alessandra , Soriani Alessandra , Santoni Angela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNK cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system, which are able to deal promptly with stressed cells. Cellular senescence is a cell stress response leading to cell cycle arrest that plays a key role during tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis. In this review, how senescent cells trigger an immune response and, in particular, the ability of NK cells to recognize and clear senescent cells are discussed. Special attention is given to the NK cell-mediated clearance of senescent tumor cells. NK cells kill senescent cells through a mechanism involving perforin- and granzyme-containing granule exocytosis, and produce IFN-γ following senescent cell interaction, leading to hypothesize that NK cell-mediated immune clearance of senescent cells not only relies on direct killing but also on cytokine production, that in turn can promote macrophage activation. These aspects, as well as the ability of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and senescent cell-produced extracellular vesicles to modulate NK cell effector functions, are described.
Numerical evaluation of permanent magnet‐assisted synchronous reluctance rotor topologies using a simplified magnetostatic model
Authors: Neusüs Sascha , Binder Andreas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPermanent magnet (PM)‐assisted synchronous reluctance rotor topologies are investigated by a simplified magnetostatic finite element method (FEM) model. In this model, the slotted stator structure of an original 11‐kW standard cage induction motor is replaced by an air‐gap winding and an iron yoke to avoid time‐consuming transient numerical simulations. The rotor consists of three rectangular shaped ferrite magnets and field line‐shaped rotor flux barriers. A rotor parametrization is shown that enables the use of optimization methods. The simplified model allows then to analyze the electromagnetic torque, the internal power factor, and the PM demagnetization. Thus, different rotor variants are compared using a multi‐objective (electromagnetic torque and internal power factor) genetic optimization algorithm. The number of rotor variables (height, width, and radial position of each PM) can be reduced with low impact on these objectives. The electromagnetic torque ripple is also taken into account for the final rotor variant by using a slotted stator model.
Functionalized nanoparticles containing MKP‐1 agonists reduce periodontal bone loss
Authors: Valerio Michael S. , Alexis Frank , Kirkwood Keith L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundProgress over of the past several years has elucidated a role for mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase to regulate periodontal inflammation yielding new possibilities for treatment of periodontal diseases. These studies aimed to determine if nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with a pharmacological agent that induces mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase have potential clinical utility for management of periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone.MethodsPolyethylene glycol (PEG)‐polylactide (PLA) (PEG‐PLA) NPs were loaded with auranofin (ARN), an antirheumatic drug, to induce mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase (MKP)‐1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Release kinetics of ARN from NPs was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fluorescent‐labeled NPs were used to show uptake into macrophages by flow cytometry. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine dual specificity protein phosphatase (Dusp)‐1 mRNA induction by Auranofin‐loaded nanoparticles (ARN‐NPs) and viability of ARN‐NPs was determined by colorimetric in vitro assays. Functional in vitro assays were used to measure functional MKP‐1 induction and preclinical models using Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide‐induced alveolar bone loss and microcomputed tomography was used to determine in vivo efficacy of functionalized ARN‐NPs.ResultsData indicated that ARN‐NPs had reduced cytotoxicity compared with free ARN and Dusp1 mRNA and MKP‐1 activity was significantly increased by ARN‐NPs in vitro. Flow cytometry indicated rapid uptake into macrophages. Finally, significant bone loss reduction was observed with ARN‐NPs compared with control NPs in vivo using an lipopolysaccharide‐induced rat model of periodontitis.ConclusionResults from these studies suggest that developing NPs functionalized with ARN have anti‐inflammatory activities and may be a novel adjuvant therapeutic strategy to significantly improve periodontitis therapy and outcomes.
Systemic Concocting of Cross‐Linked Enzyme Aggregates of Candida antarctica Lipase B (Novozyme 435) for the Biomanufacturing of Rhamnolipids
Authors: Rathankumar Abiram Karanam , SaiLavanyaa Sundar , Saikia Kongkona , Gururajan Anusha , Sivanesan Subramanian , Gosselin Mathilde , Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar , Cabana Hubert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the present study, Candida antarctica lipase B was immobilized on amine‐functionalized silica microspheres as cross‐linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) and utilized for the biomanufacturing of rhamnolipids (RL). Lipase CLEA synthesized under optimized conditions of 2.0:1.0 by volume of silica microsphere/enzyme concentration, a 1.0:2.5 (v/v) ratio of enzyme/2‐propanol, 7 mM glutaraldehyde concentration, when incubated at pH 9.0 and 40 °C, for a cross‐linking time of 30 min were observed to exhibit superior biocatalytic properties and a maximum enzyme load of 770 U g−1. Lipase CLEA exhibited enhanced pH stability in acidic and alkaline media and increased temperature resistance as compared to free lipase. Both free and CLEA lipases were used to synthesize RL in different solvent systems. After 12 h, from initiation of the esterification, the degree of esterification (molar conversion yield) reached 46% and 71% in the batch mode. 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis confirm RL production by CLEA lipase. The CLEA showed greater confrontation to enzyme‐mediated bioprocess approach as compared to its soluble counterpart and exhibited excellent RL production and catalytic activity even after its tenth successive reuse.
A practicable strategy for enrichment and separation of four minor flavonoids including two isomers from barley seedlings by macroporous resin column chromatography, medium‐pressure LC, and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Wang Nana , Chen Tao , Yang Xue , Shen Cheng , Li Hongmei , Wang Shuo , Zhao Jingyang , Chen Jilin , Chen Zhi , Li Yulin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSeparation of minor compounds especially with similar polarities and structures from complex samples is a challenging work. In the present study, an efficient method was successfully established by macroporous resin column chromatography, medium‐pressure liquid chromatography, and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography for separation of four minor flavonoids from barley seedlings. Macroporous resin column chromatography and medium‐pressure liquid chromatography were used for enrichment of these four flavonoids. High‐pressure liquid chromatography analysis showed the total content of these four flavonoids increased from 2.2% in the crude extract to 95.3% in the medium‐pressure liquid chromatography fraction. It was indicated that the combination of macroporous resin column chromatography and medium‐pressure liquid chromatography could be a practicable strategy for enrichment of minor compounds from complex sample. Then, high‐speed countercurrent chromatography was employed for separation of these four flavonoids using ethyl acetate/n‐butanol/water (0.1% glacial acetic acid) (4:1:5, v/v/v) as solvent system. As a result, four flavonoids including two isomers with purities higher than 98% were obtained. Interestingly, two flavonoids existing in one high‐pressure liquid chromatography peak were also successfully separated. All these indicated high‐speed countercurrent chromatography had great potential for separation of compounds with similar structures and polarities. This study provides a reference for efficient enrichment and separation of minor compounds from complex sample.
Expression of trophic factors receptors during reinnervation after recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
Authors: Hernandez‐Morato Ignacio , Tian Likun , Montalbano Michael , Pitman Michael J. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveAn injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) triggers axonal regeneration but results in a poor functional recovery. Netrin‐1 and glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression are up‐regulated in laryngeal muscles during RLN regeneration, but the role of their receptors produced in the nucleus ambiguus is unknown. The aim of this work was to determine the timing of the production of Netrin‐1 and GDNF receptors during RLN regeneration and correlate this with the previously identified timing of up‐regulation of their trophic factors in the laryngeal muscles.Study DesignLaboratory experiment with rat model.MethodsThe right RLN was transected and dextran amine tracer applied. At 7, 14, and 21 days postinjury (DPI), brainstems were removed and harvested. Immunostaining was performed for Netrin‐1 (deleted in colorectal carcinoma [DCC], UNC5A) and GDNF receptors (rearranged during transfection [Ret], glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐linked cell surface receptors [GFRα1, GFRα2, GFRα3]). The timing and type of receptor production relative to injury as well as their position in the nucleus ambiguus was analyzed.ResultsNetrin‐1 UNC5A receptors were minimal in the nucleus ambiguus during RLN regeneration. DCC, the receptor that plays an attract role, was immunopositive from 7 to 21 DPI. All GDNF receptors, except GFRα2, were clearly positive from 7 to 14 DPI. No differences of production were observed according to the position of the motor neurons in the nucleus ambiguus.ConclusionAn injury of the RLN leads to a higher production of Netrin‐1 DCC and GDNF receptors in the nucleus ambiguus. The timing of receptor production is similar to up‐regulation of their trophic factors in the laryngeal muscles.Level of EvidenceNA.Laryngoscope, 129:2537–2542, 2019
The impact of repetitive hyperbaric exposure during SCUBA diving on cochlear implants
Authors: Hintze Justin M. , Geyer Lina , Fitzgerald Conall W. , Simoes Franklin Cristina , Glynn Fergal , Viani Laura , Walshe Peter 
Published: February 2019

Objectives/HypothesisComplications during or after cochlear implantation are relatively rare. They occur more frequently in patients who partake in activities that can potentially lead to local trauma. No formal recommendations exist for participation in self‐contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) activities. We describe three patients with a combined five cochlear implants and extensive diving experience, the largest case series to date, and highlight some of the difficulties faced. We also review the literature on previously described SCUBA‐diving patients with cochlear implants.Study DesignRetrospective case series and literature review.MethodsA review of the known SCUBA divers in the National Hearing Implant and Research Centre in Ireland was conducted, and a review of the literature was carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar.ResultsOf the three SCUBA divers with cochlear implants, two required reimplantation, the first due to nonauditory stimulation, and the second due to extrusion of the electrode through the tympanic membrane following repetitive SCUBA dives. The third patient remains without complications after 80 dives.ConclusionsPatients with cochlear implants can have complications relating to the implant itself, with device failure a theoretical risk. The cochleostomy can lead to perilymphatic extravasation, as well as inner ear barotrauma, decompression sickness, and formation of air bubbles along the electrode. A combination of deafness, vestibulopathy with abrupt perilymph leak, and loss of proprioception can lead to disorientation and blue dome syndrome. Based on our experience with cochlear implants in SCUBA divers, along with those reported in the literature, we recommend caution in patients with cochlear implants who SCUBA dive regularly and strict adherence to the recommended safety limits.Level of Evidence: 4 129:2760–2764, 2019
Vulnerability assessment of the global water erosion tendency: Vegetation greening can partly offset increasing rainfall stress
Authors: Liu Yanxu , Fu Bojie , Liu Yue , Zhao Wenwu , Wang Shuai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlobal water erosion is a grave threat to the sustainability of agriculture. Regional climate change may aggravate the threat of erosion, whereas global vegetation greening (an increasing trend in vegetation cover) may act as a mitigation to the threat. On the basis of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, we assessed the vulnerability of the global water erosion during 1982–2015. A contribution index was built to describe the influences of rainfall erosivity and cover management on global water erosion vulnerability changes during 1982–2015. The research objective was to explore the spatial pattern of global water erosion vulnerability change in recent decades and to identify the factor that has contributed most to the vulnerability change, and three main results were obtained. (a) The global water erosion vulnerability increased over 51% of the surface during 1982–2015, and the surface with significant decreasing trends only accounted for 12% of the middle and highly sensitive areas. (b) Rainfall erosivity contributed more than cover management for absolute value except in the Amazon, Congo Basin, and Southeast Asia, whereas the contribution of cover management was increasing. (c) Vegetation greening can partly offset the stress caused by climate change. The global water erosion vulnerability decreased more than increased in sensitive area. Consequently, enhancing the vegetation growth in the highly sensitive water erosion region could reduce the erosion threat at large scale.
A Facile Strategy for Fabricating Tissue Engineering Scaffolds with Sophisticated Prevascularized Networks for Bulk Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Liu Sui‐Hong , Zhang Hai‐Guang , Li Shuai , Sun Cheng‐Yan , Hu Qing‐Xi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite the fact that the field of tissue engineering has had considerable advances over the past two decades, a series of unsolved problems still remain. Vascularization is one of the most important factors that greatly influence the function and size of the engineered scaffolds, which limits the clinical applications. In this work, a facile extracted molding method is presented for fabricating bulk tissue scaffolds with spatial networks. Briefly, the branched templates are designed, coated with paraffin on the surface, immersed into the mixture of microbial transglutaminase and gelatin, and extracted from fully enzymatic cross‐linking gelatin. The perfusion test is done and the mechanical properties of the scaffolds are investigated. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the nontoxicity and biocompatibility of the materials and fabrication process. Thus, this approach has great potential to overcome the challenge of rapid oxygen and nutrient delivery to engineered vascularized tissues implanted in vivo, opening the way to clinical applications.
Preparation and Characterization of Temperature‐Sensitive Poly(Styrene‐Butadiene‐Styrene)/Poly(N‐Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel Elastomer with Interpenetrating Polymeric Networks
Authors: Liu Xifei , Zhang Aimin , Su Gehong , Xie Haisheng , Shi Xiaotao , Li Lin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA poly(styrene‐butadiene‐styrene)/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (SBS/PNIPAM) hydrogel elastomer with interpenetrating polymeric network structure is prepared by using solution free radical polymerization in benzene/tetrahydrofuran solvent mixture. The characterizations of hydrogel elastomers are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, rheology, equilibrium swelling studies, and oscillatory swelling study. Results show that these hydrogel elastomers exhibit a temperature‐sensitivity inherited from PNIPAM component at the temperature around 30 °C. Besides, change with tetrahydrofuran to different proportion in solvent mixtures, constituent, and properties as gel content, swelling capacity, mechanical strength and volume phase transition degree are affected deeply.
Organic Molecule‐Driven Polymeric Actuators
Authors: Lin Huijuan , Zhang Suyun , Xiao Yan , Zhang Chenjun , Zhu Jixin , Dunlop John W. C. , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInspired by the motions of plant tissues in response to external stimuli, significant attention has been devoted to the development of actuating polymeric materials. In particular, polymeric actuators driven by organic molecules have been designed due to their combined superiorities of tunable functional monomers, designable chemical structures, and variable structural anisotropy. Here, the recent progress is summarized in terms of material synthesis, structure design, polymer–solvent interaction, and actuating performance. In addition, various possibilities for practical applications, including the ability to sense chemical vapors and solvent isomers, and future directions to satisfy the requirement of sensing and smart systems are also highlighted.
C‐terminal regulatory domain of the ε subunit of FoF1 ATP synthase enhances the ATP‐dependent H+ pumping that is involved in the maintenance of cellular membrane potential in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Akanuma Genki , Tagana Tomoaki , Sawada Maho , Suzuki Shota , Shimada Tomohiro , Tanaka Kan , Kawamura Fujio , Kato‐Yamada Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ε subunit of FoF1‐ATPase/synthase (FoF1) plays a crucial role in regulating FoF1 activity. To understand the physiological significance of the ε subunit‐mediated regulation of FoF1 in Bacillus subtilis, we constructed and characterized a mutant harboring a deletion in the C‐terminal regulatory domain of the ε subunit (ε∆C). Analyses using inverted membrane vesicles revealed that the ε∆C mutation decreased ATPase activity and the ATP‐dependent H+‐pumping activity of FoF1. To enhance the effects of ε∆C mutation, this mutation was introduced into a ∆rrn8 strain harboring only two of the 10 rrn (rRNA) operons (∆rrn8 ε∆C mutant strain). Interestingly, growth of the ∆rrn8 ε∆C mutant stalled at late‐exponential phase. During the stalled growth phase, the membrane potential of the ∆rrn8 ε∆C mutant cells was significantly reduced, which led to a decrease in the cellular level of 70S ribosomes. The growth stalling was suppressed by adding glucose into the culture medium. Our findings suggest that the C‐terminal region of the ε subunit is important for alleviating the temporal reduction in the membrane potential, by enhancing the ATP‐dependent H+‐pumping activity of FoF1.