bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of blood transfusion on regional tissue oxygenation in preterm newborns are dependent on the degree of anaemia
Authors: Aktas Selma , Ergenekon Ebru , Ozcan Ebru , Aksu Meltem , Unal Sezin , Hirfanoglu Ibrahim M , Turkyilmaz Canan , Onal Esra , Koc Esin , Atalay Yildiz 
Published: January 2019

AimMost of the preterm infants are transfused at least once during their stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The aims of this study were to demonstrate if packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion modulates regional (cerebral, abdominal, renal) tissue oxygen saturation measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and to demonstrate if we can use NIRS to guide transfusion decisions in neonates.MethodsA multi‐probe NIRS device was applied to anaemic preterm infants of gestational age <33 weeks for 30–60 min before and 24 h after pRBC transfusion. We evaluated the results separately in the subgroup with a pre‐transfusion haemoglobin (Hb) < 8 g/dL. Cerebral, abdominal and renal tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) and abdominal/cerebral, abdominal/renal and renal/cerebral rSO2 ratios before and 24 h after transfusion were compared.ResultsThere was no significant difference in cerebral rSO2 and abdominal/renal rSO2 ratios before and 24 h after transfusion, but abdominal and renal rSO2 and abdominal/cerebral and renal/cerebral rSO2 ratios at the 24th h following transfusion increased significantly. This increase was observed in the subgroup with pre‐transfusion Hb < 8 g/dL. Although statistically significant, the increase in renal oxygenation was within the limits of variability.ConclusionsThe increase in tissue oxygenation in abdominal region after pRBC transfusion suggests decreased tissue oxygenation of intestines during severe anaemia despite cerebral oxygenation being maintained at that particular Hb level. The impact of the increase on renal oxygenation with pRBC transfusion is unclear and might need further investigation. Increase in abdominal rSO2 may cause reperfusion injury, oxidative damage and trigger necrotising enterocolitis.
Cost-effectiveness of interferon therapy for multiple sclerosis in Peru: impact of treatment adherence
Authors: Bolaños-Díaz Rafael , Sanabria-Montañez César , Custodio-Capuñay Nilton 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
To analyse the cost-effectiveness (C-E) of interferon therapy for MS and the impact of adherence associated with a patient support programme (PSP).

Methods
Markov model was structured based on systematic review of the evidence and the opinion of local experts. The model has three health states: (1) Baseline treatment (BT), (2) Interferon-β (IFN) with patient support programme (PSP) and (3) IFN without PSP. Annual cycles were considered, with a time horizon of 30 years. The analysis perspective was based on the Ministry of Health (MoH).

Key findings
Interferon-β + PSP dominates the treatment of IFN without PSP. The incremental C-E rate (ICER) for IFN + PSP was estimated at S/. 26 408 per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) in relation to BT. IFN without PSP was dominated by the IFN + PSP treatment. The cost per QALY of IFN + PSP was below the payment threshold in almost 100% of the model simulations. The acceptability curves show that the treatment with PSP + IFN is probabilistically more cost effective from a payment threshold of 1.25 annual Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP-pc). The Tornado analysis for the ICER between IFN + PSP and BT shows that the most sensitive variables of the model are the relative risk (RR) for treatment adherence and the cost of IFN + PSP treatment.

Conclusion
The addition of a PSP had a significant effect on adherence and C-E of the intervention. The ICER for IFN + PSP was below 1.5 annual GDP-pc of payment threshold with an incremental cost near to 3 GDP-pc. IFN without PSP was dominated by the IFN + PSP.
Is circadian rhythmicity a prerequisite to coma recovery? Circadian recovery concomitant to cognitive improvement in two comatose patients
Authors: Gobert Florent , Luauté Jacques , Raverot Véronique , Cotton François , Dailler Frédéric , Claustrat Bruno , Perrin Fabien , Gronfier Claude 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCircadian rhythmicity (CR) is involved in the regulation of all integrated functions, from sleep‐wake cycle regulation to metabolic function, mood and cognition. However, the interdependence of CR, cognition and consciousness has been poorly addressed. To clarify the state of CR in coma and to determine the chronological relationship between its recovery and consciousness after brain lesions, we conducted a longitudinal observational study investigating how the state of CR was chronologically related with the recovery of behavioural wakefulness, cognition and/or awareness. Among 16 acute comatose patients, we recruited two 37‐year‐old patients with a persistent disorder of consciousness, presenting diencephalic lesions caused by severe traumatic brain injuries. Two biological urinary markers of CR were explored every 2 hours during 24 hours (6‐sulfatoxymelatonin, free cortisol) with a dedicated methodology to extract the endogenous component of rhythmicity (environmental light recording, near‐constant‐routine protocol, control of beta‐blockers). They presented an initial absence of rhythmic secretions and a recovered CR 7‐8 months later. This recovery was not associated with the restoration of behavioural wakefulness, but with an improvement of cognition and awareness (up to the minimally conscious state). MRI showed a lesion pattern compatible with the interruption of either the main hypothalamic‐sympathetic pathway or the accessory habenular pathway. These results suggest that CR may be a prerequisite for coma recovery with a potential but still unproven favourable effect on brain function of the resorted circadian melatonin secretion and/or the functional recovery of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Assessing circadian functions by urinary melatonin should be further explored as a biomarker of cognition reappearance and investigated to prognosticate functional recovery.
Influence of mixed antibiotics on Microcystis aeruginosa during the application of glyphosate and hydrogen peroxide algaecides
Authors: Yu Shikun , Liu Ying , Zhang Jian , Gao Baoyu 
Published: January 2019

Antibiotics regulate various physiological functions in cyanobacteria and may interfere with the control of cyanobacterial blooms during the application of algaecides. In this study, Microcystis aeruginosa was exposed to H2O2 and glyphosate for 7 d in the presence of coexisting mixed antibiotics (amoxicillin, spiramycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole) at an environmentally relevant concentration of 100 ng · L−1. The mixed antibiotics significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated the growth inhibition effect of 15–45 μM H2O2 and 40–60 mg · L−1 glyphosate. According to the increased contents of chlorophyll a and protein, decreased content of malondialdehyde, and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione S‐transferase, antibiotics may reduce the toxicity of the two algaecides through the stimulation of photosynthesis and the reduction in oxidative stress. The presence of coexisting antibiotics stimulated the production and release of microcystins in the M. aeruginosa exposed to low concentrations of algaecides and posed an increased threat to aquatic environments. To eliminate the secondary pollution caused by microcystins, high algaecide doses that are ≥45 μM for H2O2 and ≥60 mg · L−1 for glyphosate are recommended. This study provides insights into the ecological hazards of antibiotic contaminants and the best management practices for cyanobacterial removal under combined antibiotic pollution conditions.
Parental feeding style changes the relationships between children's food preferences and food parenting practices: The case for comprehensive food parenting interventions by pediatric healthcare professionals
Authors: Vollmer Rachel L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine if parental feeding styles (emotional environment of the meal) moderate the relationship between food parenting practices (goal‐directed behaviors) and children's preferences for fruits, vegetables, or high fat/sugar foods. Design and Methods: This cross‐sectional descriptive study recruited parents (n = 108) of preschool age children. The parents completed several questionnaires. Linear regressions were used to assess the relationship between food parenting practices and children's food preferences as moderated by feeding style, with the authoritative feeding style serving as the reference.ResultsParental feeding styles were found to be moderators between several food parenting practices and child food preferences. When compared with parents with the authoritative feeding style (high demands, responds to child's needs), children like vegetables significantly less if indulgent (low demands, responds to child's needs) parents allow children to control their own eating, or authoritarian (high demands, does not respond to child's needs), or uninvolved (low demands, does not respond to child's needs) parents provide a healthy food environment. The authoritative style was not always preferential. For example, children of uninvolved parents who used food as a reward liked vegetables significantly more than children of parents who had the authoritative feeding style who also used food as a reward. In addition, children of authoritarian parents who modeled healthy eating liked foods high in fat and/or sugar significantly less than children of authoritative parents.Practice ImplicationsWhen discussing child diet quality with parents, pediatric nurses should educate parents on both food parenting practices and feeding style, or the meal's emotional climate, as children experience both of these during mealtime interactions. In addition, for educational efforts, it may be advantageous to tailor interventions based upon the parent's feeding style.
Disentangling structural genomic and behavioural barriers in a sea of connectivity
Authors: Barth Julia M. I. , Villegas‐Ríos David , Freitas Carla , Moland Even , Star Bastiaan , André Carl , Knutsen Halvor , Bradbury Ian , Dierking Jan , Petereit Christoph , Righton David , Metcalfe Julian , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Olsen Esben M. , Jentoft Sissel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGenetic divergence among populations arises through natural selection or drift and is counteracted by connectivity and gene flow. In sympatric populations, isolating mechanisms are thus needed to limit the homogenizing effects of gene flow to allow for adaptation and speciation. Chromosomal inversions act as an important mechanism maintaining isolating barriers, yet their role in sympatric populations and divergence with gene flow is not entirely understood. Here, we revisit the question of whether inversions play a role in the divergence of connected populations of the marine fish Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), by exploring a unique data set combining whole‐genome sequencing data and behavioural data obtained with acoustic telemetry. Within a confined fjord environment, we find three genetically differentiated Atlantic cod types belonging to the oceanic North Sea population, the western Baltic population and a local fjord‐type cod. Continuous behavioural tracking over 4 year revealed temporally stable sympatry of these types within the fjord. Despite overall weak genetic differentiation consistent with high levels of gene flow, we detected significant frequency shifts of three previously identified inversions, indicating an adaptive barrier to gene flow. In addition, behavioural data indicated that North Sea cod and individuals homozygous for the LG12 inversion had lower fitness in the fjord environment. However, North Sea and fjord‐type cod also occupy different depths, possibly contributing to prezygotic reproductive isolation and representing a behavioural barrier to gene flow. Our results provide the first insights into a complex interplay of genomic and behavioural isolating barriers in Atlantic cod and establish a new model system towards an understanding of the role of genomic structural variants in adaptation and diversification.
A suite of complementary biocontrol traits allows a native consortium of root‐associated bacteria to protect their host plant from a fungal sudden‐wilt disease
Authors: Santhanam Rakesh , Menezes Riya C. , Grabe Veit , Li Dapeng , Baldwin Ian T. , Groten Karin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe beneficial effects of plant‐–bacterial interactions in controlling plant pests have been extensively studied with single bacterial isolates. However, in nature, bacteria interact with plants in multitaxa consortia, systems which remain poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that a consortium of five native bacterial isolates protected their host plant Nicotiana attenuata from a sudden wilt disease. Here we explore the mechanisms behind the protection effect against the native pathosystem. Three members of the consortium, Pseudomonas azotoformans A70, P. frederiksbergensis A176 and Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus E46, form biofilms when grown individually in vitro, and the amount of biofilm increased synergistically in the five‐membered consortium, including two Bacillus species, B. megaterium and B. mojavensis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and scanning electron microscopy in planta imaging techniques confirmed biofilm formation and revealed locally distinct distributions of the five bacterial strains colonizing different areas on the plant‐root surface. One of the five isolates, K1 B. mojavensis produces the antifungal compound surfactin, under in vitro and in vivo conditions, clearly inhibiting fungal growth. Furthermore, isolates A70 and A176 produce siderophores under in vitro conditions. Based on these results we infer that the consortium of five bacterial isolates protects its host against fungal phytopathogens via complementary traits. The study should encourage researchers to create synthetic communities from native strains of different genera to improve bioprotection against wilting diseases.
Physical and functional interaction between nucleoid‐associated proteins HU and Lsr2 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: altered DNA binding and gene regulation
Authors: Datta Chandreyee , Jha Rajiv Kumar , Ahmed Wareed , Ganguly Sohini , Ghosh Soumitra , Nagaraja Valakunja 
Published: January 2019

SummaryNucleoid‐associated proteins (NAPs) in bacteria contribute to key activities such as DNA compaction, chromosome organization and regulation of gene expression. HU and Lsr2 are two principal NAPs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). HU is essential for Mtb survival and is one of the most abundant NAPs. It differs from other eubacterial HU proteins in having a long, flexible lysine‐ and arginine‐rich carboxy‐terminal domain. Lsr2 of Mtb is the functional analogue of the bacterial NAP commonly called H‐NS. Lsr2 binds to and regulates expression of A/T‐rich portions of the otherwise G/C‐rich mycobacterial chromosome. Here, we demonstrate that HU and Lsr2 interact to form a complex. The interaction occurs primarily through the flexible carboxy‐terminal domain of HU and the acidic amino‐terminal domain of Lsr2. The resulting complex, upon binding to DNA, forms thick nucleoprotein rods, in contrast to the DNA bridging seen with Lsr2 and the DNA compaction seen with HU. Furthermore, transcription assays indicate that the HU‐Lsr2 complex is a regulator of gene expression. This physical and functional interaction between two NAPs, which has not been reported previously, is likely to be important for DNA organization and gene expression in Mtb and perhaps other bacterial species.
Imagery and Possibility
Authors: Gregory Dominic 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe often ascribe possibility to the scenes that are displayed by mental or nonmental sensory images. The paper presents a novel argument for thinking that we are prima facie justified in ascribing metaphysical possibility to what is displayed by suitable visual images, and it argues that many of our imagery‐based ascriptions of metaphysical possibility are therefore prima facie justified. Some potential objections to the arguments are discussed, and some potential extensions of them, to cover nonvisual forms of imagery and nonmetaphysical forms of possibility, are endorsed.
Atrial electromechanical delay assessment in early phase after catheter ablation for patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Liu Hailei , Zhang Yi , Wang Chunru , Xu Di , Yang Bing , Ju Weizhu , Zhang Fengxiang , Chen Hongwu , Cao Kejiang , Chen Minglong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundVariation of atrial electromechanical delay (AED) in early phase after catheter ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is lacking.MethodsFifty‐five consecutive patients restored sinus rhythm after ablation was included. Echocardiography was performed at 4 h, 1 day, and 3 days after radiofrequency catheter ablation, and AED was measured simultaneously by echocardiography with pulse Doppler imaging and pulse wave tissue Doppler imaging.ResultsAED parameters were significantly longer in the nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (NPAF) group than in the paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) group at each checking point after ablation (P < 0.05). Compared with other checking points, AED parameters were significantly longer 4 h postablation in the NPAF group, while no significant difference was found between different checking points in the PAF group. AED‐leap, representing the variation of AED in NPAF patients, was significantly positively correlated with the duration of NPAF (r = 0.5291, P = 0.0113).ConclusionsCompared with PAF, NPAF patients have a longer AED postablation, and an abrupt decrease in the initial–h postablation. Such phenomenon gives rise to the different clinical features of PAF and NPAF, and could guide different assessment and treatment strategies for different types of AF.
Surgical causes of acute abdominal pain in pregnancy
Authors: Woodhead Natalie , Nkwam Oga , Caddick Virginia , Morad Sharon , Mylvaganam Senthurun 
Published: January 2019

Key content

Abdominal pain in pregnancy is common, with a differential diagnosis that can encompass obstetric, surgical and medical conditions.

Presentation of common surgical problems can be atypical in pregnancy, potentially delaying diagnosis.

Surgical causes of abdominal pain to consider in pregnancy include appendicitis, cholecystitis, bowel obstruction, ureteric obstruction, pancreatitis and aneurysm rupture, most commonly involving the splenic artery.

The management of surgical conditions in pregnancy requires continuing evaluation and potential modification to balance the medical, surgical and obstetric challenges.

Management of the pregnant woman with a surgical cause of abdominal pain requires collaborative, multispecialty practice to optimise care of the mother and baby.

Learning objectives

To highlight the differential diagnoses of abdominal pain in pregnancy.

To develop a structured assessment process for pregnant women with abdominal pain.

To update the obstetrician on the priorities of surgical management for abdominal pain in pregnancy.

Ethical issues

Evaluating the risks of surgical interventions on the mother and baby with the high potential for premature delivery.
Urban development, excessive entry of firms and wage inequality in developing countries
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Chao Chi‐Chur , Ee Mong Shan , Hollas Daniel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the short and long‐term effects of urbanisation, via favourable urban development policies, on income distribution and social welfare for a developing country, in which the urban manufacturing sector is characterised by imperfect competition and free entry. Urbanisation shifts rural workers to the highly productive urban sector, while causing production in urban firms to expand because of scale economies. However, urbanisation may worsen wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labour in the short term. In the long term, urbanisation can attract new firms to the urban sector and favourable urban development policies may result in excessive entry of firms, which can amplify wage inequality in the economy. This entry‐amplifying effect is confirmed empirically, especially for low and lower‐middle‐income countries. If the entry effect is not considered, the impact of urbanisation on wage inequality could be understated by 13% for low and lower‐middle‐income countries.
Test–Retest Reliability of a Modified Visual Analog Scale Assessment Tool for Determining Incidence and Severity of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Response to Exercise Stress
Authors: Gaskell Stephanie K. , Snipe Rhiannon M.J. , Costa Ricardo J.S. 
Published: January 2019

Considering the recent growth of exercise gastroenterology research focusing on exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome mechanisms, response magnitude, prevention and management strategies, the standardized assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) is warranted. The current methodological study aimed to test the reliability of a modified visual analog scale for assessing GIS during exercise, in response to a variety of exertional-stress scenarios, with and without dietary intervention. Recreational endurance runners (n = 31) performed one of the three exercise protocols, which included: 2-hr running at 70% in temperate (24.7 °C) ambient conditions, with fluid restriction; 2-hr running at 60% in hot (35.1 °C) ambient conditions, while consuming chilled water immediately before and every 15 min during exercise; and 2-hr running at 60% in temperate (23.0 °C) ambient conditions, while consuming 30 g/20 min carbohydrate (2∶1 glucose∶fructose, 10% temperate w/v), followed by a 1-hr distance test. GIS was monitored pre-exercise, periodically during exercise, and immediately postexercise. After wash out, participants were retested in mirrored conditions. No significant differences (p > .05) were identified between test–retest using Wilcoxon signed-rank test for all GIS (specific and categorized), within each exercise protocol and the combined protocols. Strong correlations were observed for gut discomfort, total GIS, upper GIS, and nausea (rs = .566 to rs = .686; p < .001), but not for lower GIS (rs = .204; p = .232). Cohen’s magnitude of difference was minimal for all GIS (specific δ < 0.14 and categorized δ < 0.08). The modified visual analog scale for assessing GIS during exercise appears to be a reliable tool for identifying incidence and severity of GIS in cohort populations and is sensitive enough to detect exertional and intervention differences.