bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JUST A BIG MISUNDERSTANDING? BIAS AND BAYESIAN AFFECTIVE POLARIZATION
Authors: Stone Daniel F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractI present a model of affective polarization—growth in hostility over time between two parties—via quasi‐Bayesian inference. In the model, two agents repeatedly choose actions. Each choice is based on a balance of concerns for private interests and the social good. More weight is put on private interests when an agent's character is intrinsically more self‐serving and when the other agent is believed to be more self‐serving. Each agent Bayesian updates about the other's character, and dislikes the other more when she is perceived as more self‐serving. I characterize the effects on growth in dislike of three biases: a prior bias against the other agent's character, the false consensus bias, and limited strategic thinking. Prior bias against the other's character remains constant or declines over time, and actions do not diverge. The other two biases cause actions to become more extreme over time and repeatedly be “worse” than expected, causing mutual growth in dislike, that is, affective polarization. The magnitude of dislike can become arbitrarily large—even when both players are arbitrarily “good” (unselfish). The results imply that seemingly irrelevant cognitive biases can be an important cause of the devolution of relationships, in politics and beyond, and that subtlety and unawareness of bias can be key factors driving the degree of polarization.
Degradation of structural proteins and their relationship with the quality of Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) during post‐mortem storage and cooking
Authors: Tang Mi , Dai Hongjie , Ma Liang , Yu Yong , Liu Tingwei , Feng Xin , Hu Weijie , Li Yuan , Zhang Yuhao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the changes in the microstructure and structural proteins (titin, nebulin, desmin and tropomyosin (TPM)) of mandarin fish muscle as well as the relationship between the structural proteins and the quality characteristics of fish muscle during post‐mortem storage and after cooking. During post‐mortem storage, titin was degraded initially, accompanied with an increase of the I‐band length. Subsequently, the degradation of desmin induced a gradual breakage of the myofibrils. The following degradation of nebulin accelerated the destruction of N2‐lines, which occurred with a slightly fuzzy Z‐disc. Finally, TPM began to degrade, and the remaining desmin was also degraded further. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis indicated that the changes in the quality characteristics of fish muscle were intimately related to the degradation of structural proteins. Hence, these structural proteins could be the biomarkers to monitor the quality characteristics of fish muscle.
The Turkish version of the Handover Evaluation Scale: A validity and reliability study
Authors: Tuna Rujnan , Dalli Birsen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to adapt the English version of the Handover Evaluation Scale to a Turkish nursing sample.MethodsThis is a methodological and cross‐sectional study. This study was conducted with 192 nurses working in different units in a public hospital between September 2016 and January 2017. A descriptive information form and the Handover Evaluation Scale were used to collect data. First, language validity and content validity were determined regarding the adaptation of the scale.ResultsAs a result of the adaptation process, it was determined that the scale's structure, which consisted of 10 items and two factors explaining 68.96% of the total variance, was valid and reliable for the Turkish nursing sample. A Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin test and Bartlett's test of sphericity indicated that the sample met the criteria required for factor analysis. The reliability coefficient for the overall scale was 0.92. The test‐retest reliability results were 0.87 for the overall intraclass correlation coefficient, and the t‐test result was P > .05.ConclusionThis adaptation study revealed that the scale is a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of the handover of Turkish nurses.
Relationship between the nursing practice environment and the therapeutic relationship in acute mental health units: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Roviralta‐Vilella Maria , Moreno‐Poyato Antonio R. , Rodríguez‐Nogueira Óscar , Duran‐Jordà Xavier , Roldán‐Merino Juan F. ,   On behalf of MiRTCIME.CAT Working Group
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe therapeutic relationship constitutes the central axis of mental health nursing. The clinical practice environment has been empirically related to the quality of care. However, the relationship between the two constructs is unknown in the setting of mental health units. We aimed to examine whether the practice environment and nurses’ characteristics influence the therapeutic relationship in mental health units. Through a cross‐sectional design, data were collected via an online form completed by nurses in 18 mental health units. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between the clinical practice environment and the therapeutic relationship. Questionnaires were completed by 198 participants. The mean age was 33.8 (SD 9.1) years, 71.7% were women, and only 20.2% had a specialist qualification in mental health. The therapeutic relationship was better when there was a more favourable practice environment (B: 3.111; 95% CI: 1.46–4.75). The most influential environment‐related factor was the nursing foundations for quality of care (B: 2.124; 95% CI: 0.17–4.07). The factors associated with a high‐quality therapeutic relationship were a more favourable practice environment and the presence of more foundations for quality nursing care, coupled with higher academic attainment and longer nursing experience. Institutions should take into account the importance of the nursing practice environment in mental health units. Aspects related to the quality of nursing foundations, such as training, the use of nursing language and taxonomy, and the existence of a common nursing philosophy, are influential for a high‐quality therapeutic relationship.
The burden and clinical manifestation of hospitalized influenza among different pediatric age‐groups in the tropics
Authors: Chong Chia‐Yin , Yung Chee‐Fu , Gan Cherie , Thio Szu‐Tien , Tan Natalie Woon‐Hui , Tee Nancy Wen‐Sim , Lin Cui , Lin Raymond Tze‐Pin , Thoon Koh‐Cheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn tropical Singapore, influenza occurs all year‐round. This study of influenza‐confirmed hospitalized pediatric patients compared clinical characteristics and complications by age‐group and differences between influenza A and B.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of pediatric inpatients from January 2013 to December 2014. Patients were grouped into: <6 months, 6 months to <5 years, 5‐ to <10‐year and ≥10 years. Complications were classified into neurologic, pulmonary, and other. We also calculated the incidence of hospitalized influenza cases per 100 000 age‐related population.ResultsThere were a total of 1272 patients with a median age of 37 months. The highest hospitalization rates were in the <6 months age‐group. Majority (75.2%) had no comorbidity; 25.6% had complications: neurologic 11.9%, pulmonary 9.6%, other 4.1%. Patients with other complications were older, male, and had the highest influenza B rates and the longest length of stay. Influenza A comprised 76.9% of cases and had higher complication rates especially neurologic, compared to influenza B. Influenza B patients were older and were more likely to develop other complications. The 6‐month to <5‐year‐age‐group had the highest complication rate (30.6%), especially neurologic. However, ≥10 years old had the highest other complications, ICU/ high‐dependency admissions and influenza B Victoria rates.ConclusionsInfants <6 months had the highest hospitalization rates for influenza. The 6‐month to <5‐year‐age‐group had the highest complication rate especially neurologic. Influenza A patients were younger, had higher seizure rates and complications compared to influenza B.
Cleansing efficacy of waist‐shaped inter‐dental brushes. A randomized‐controlled crossover study
Authors: Schnabl Dagmar , Goebel Georg , Kadletz Alice , Gaenzer Hanna , Steiner René , Laimer Johannes , Kapferer‐Seebacher Ines 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the cleansing efficacy of waist‐shaped versus cylindric inter‐dental brushes in patients receiving supportive periodontal therapy.Materials and methodsAfter sample size estimation, 20 periodontal maintenance patients diagnosed with periodontitis stage 3 were recruited. Brushing efficacy of waist‐shaped and cylindric inter‐dental brushes was evaluated in a randomized‐controlled, examiner‐blinded, two‐period crossover study by assessment of the Turesky modification of Quigley‐Hein plaque index (T‐QHI) and the papillary bleeding index (PBI) at four sites per tooth.ResultsSeventeen probands with 1,474 tooth sites finished the study. At baseline, median of overall T‐QHI scores was 1.4 (interquartile range 1.38–1.92). After 1 month, T‐QHI for waist‐shaped inter‐dental brushes was 1.24 (1.03–1.52); in 15 individuals, T‐QHI 0 was the grade most often measured. T‐QHI for cylindric brushes was 1.71 (1.18–2.29; p = .042), with T‐QHI 0 being the grade most often measured only in seven individuals. The odds ratio for establishing plaque‐free inter‐dental sites with waist‐shaped relative to cylindric brushes was 1.8 [95% CI 1.6–1.9] (p < .001; logistic regression analysis). There were no statistically significant differences between PBI levels of waist‐shaped and cylindric brushes.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the superiority in cleansing efficacy of waist‐shaped over cylindric inter‐dental brushes in individuals receiving supportive periodontal treatment.
Brain size affects responsiveness in mating behaviour to variation in predation pressure and sex ratio
Authors: Corral‐López Alberto , Romensky Maksym , Kotrschal Alexander , Buechel Severine D. , Kolm Niclas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDespite ongoing advances in sexual selection theory, the evolution of mating decisions remains enigmatic. Cognitive processes often require simultaneous processing of multiple sources of information from environmental and social cues. However, little experimental data exist on how cognitive ability affects such fitness‐associated aspects of behaviour. Using advanced tracking techniques, we studied mating behaviours of guppies artificially selected for divergence in relative brain size, with known differences in cognitive ability, when predation threat and sex ratio was varied. In females, we found a general increase in copulation behaviour in when the sex ratio was female biased, but only large‐brained females responded with greater willingness to copulate under a low predation threat. In males, we found that small‐brained individuals courted more intensively and displayed more aggressive behaviours than large‐brained individuals. However, there were no differences in female response to males with different brain size. These results provide further evidence of a role for female brain size in optimal decision‐making in a mating context. In addition, our results indicate that brain size may affect mating display skill in male guppies. We suggest that it is important to consider the association between brain size, cognitive ability and sexual behaviour when studying how morphological and behavioural traits evolve in wild populations.
Parasitic infection of Cobitis elongatoides Băcescu & Mayer, 1969 by zoonotic metacercariae Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814)
Authors: Fedorčák Jakub , Šmiga Ľubomír , Kutsokon Iuliia , Kolarčik Vladislav , Koščová Lenka , Oros Mikuláš , Koščo Ján 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn infection of zoonotic Clinostomum complanatum metacercariae with potential human transmission was recorded close to fish farms in the Tisa River Basin of Slovakia and Ukraine. The prevalence varied from 19.4% to 81.3%, and the intensity of infection varied from 7 to 41. The results of a generalized linear model predicted a positive trend for the Cobitis elongatoides host and a standard length and intensity of infection, with females having a higher number of parasites. However, no significant impact was found of the intensity of infection on Clark's condition of the host. The metacercariae were primarily located in the anterior part of the host's body. Our study also showed significant evidence that water velocity affects the number of C. complanatum metacercariae, regardless of the host's (Cobitis) microhabitat.
Trends and Factors Associated with Place of Death for Individuals with Dementia in the United States
Authors: Cross Sarah H. , Kaufman Brystana G. , Taylor Donald H. , Kamal Arif H. , Warraich Haider J. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVESTo assess trends and factors associated with place of death among individuals with Alzheimer's disease‐related dementias (ADRD).DESIGNCross‐sectional analysis.SETTINGCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Wide‐ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research, 2003‐2017.PARTICIPANTSNatural deaths occurring between 2003 and 2017 for which ADRD was determined to be the underlying cause.MEASUREMENTSPlace of death was categorized as hospital, home, nursing facility, hospice facility, and other. Aggregate data included age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, sex, urbanization, and census division. Individual‐level predictors included age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, sex, marital status, and education.RESULTSFrom 2003 to 2017, nursing facility and hospital deaths declined from 65.7% and 12.7% to 55.0% and 8.0% while home and hospice facility deaths increased from 13.6% and .2% to 21.9% and 6.2%, respectively. Odds of hospital and hospice facility deaths declined with age while odds of nursing facility deaths increased with age. Male sex was associated with higher odds of hospital or hospice facility death and lower odds of home or nursing facility death. Nonwhite race, Hispanic ethnicity, and being married were associated with increased odds of hospital or home death and reduced odds of nursing facility death. More education was associated with higher odds of home or in a hospice facility death and reduced odds of death in a nursing facility or hospital. Significant disparities in place of death by urban‐rural status were also noted.CONCLUSIONAs ADRD deaths at home increase, the need for caregiver support and home‐based palliative care may become more critical. Further research should examine the care preferences and experiences of ADRD patients and caregivers, the financial impact of home death on families and insurers, and explore factors that may contribute to differences in actual and preferred place of death. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:250–255, 2020
Lactation Education for Resident Obstetricians: Promoting Breastfeeding Advocates for the Future
Authors: Radoff Kari , Forman Rosha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObstetrics and gynecology residency training programs are historically lacking in breastfeeding education and advocacy. Healthy People 2020 supports interventions that promote breastfeeding as a primary care strategy with significant health benefits to the newborn and woman. Midwives are well poised to engage obstetrics and gynecology residents in lactation education. A few educational interventions have been described in the literature to increase knowledge, confidence, and behavior related to lactation among residents. This article describes a breastfeeding education curriculum developed by midwifery faculty at Boston University School of Medicine. The project included 3 lectures and a simulation center workshop covering topics including lactogenesis, prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum interventions that promote or limit lactation, hands‐on latch assistance, hand expression, use of breast pumps and storage of human milk, and common disorders of lactation. Postintervention evaluations demonstrated improvements in knowledge and confidence. Providing breastfeeding education to resident physicians may be an intervention to promote patient breastfeeding education and support and close the gap of disparities in breastfeeding rates.
Sleep and fatigue in newly graduated nurses—Experiences and strategies for handling shiftwork
Authors: Epstein Majken , Söderström Marie , Jirwe Maria , Tucker Philip , Dahlgren Anna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore newly graduated nurses' strategies for, and experiences of, sleep problems and fatigue when starting shiftwork. A more comprehensive insight into nurses' strategies, sleep problems, fatigue experiences and contributing factors is needed to understand what support should be provided.BackgroundFor graduate nurses, the first years of practice are often stressful, with many reporting high levels of burnout symptoms. Usually, starting working as a nurse also means an introduction to shiftwork, which is related to sleep problems. Sleep problems may impair stress management and, at the same time, stress may cause sleep problems. Previously, sleep problems and fatigue have been associated with burnout, poor health and increased accident risk.Design and MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with nurses (N = 11) from four different Swedish hospitals, and qualitative inductive content analysis was used. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Stockholm. The COREQ checklist was followed.ResultsMany nurses lacked effective strategies for managing sleep and fatigue in relation to shiftwork. Various strategies were used, of which some might interfere with factors regulating and promoting sleep such as the homeostatic drive. Sleep problems were common during quick returns, often due to difficulties unwinding before sleep, and high workloads exacerbated the problems. The described consequences of fatigue in a clinical work context indicated impaired executive and nonexecutive cognitive function.ConclusionThe findings indicate that supporting strategies and behaviours for sleep and fatigue in an intervention for newly graduated nurses starting shiftwork may be of importance to improve well‐being among nurses and increase patient safety.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the importance of addressing sleep and fatigue issues in nursing education and work introduction programmes to increase patient safety and improve well‐being among nurses.
Transition from child to adult health services: A qualitative study of the views and experiences of families of young adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Brown Michael , Higgins Anna , MacArthur Juliet 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of the families of young adults with intellectual disabilities at the point of transition from child to adult health services.BackgroundThe population of people with intellectual disabilities is changing rapidly, with young people with increasingly complex needs surviving into adulthood and requiring transition from child to adult health services.DesignAn interpretative qualitative design.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were held with ten family carers of young adults with intellectual disabilities and complex care needs, who were in the process of or had recently completed a transition from child to adult health services in Scotland. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The COREQ checklist was used.ResultsTransition emerged as a highly emotional and challenging period for family carers. Their experiences were captured in five main themes: “a deep sense of loss,” “an overwhelming process,” “parents making transitions happen,” “a shock to the adult healthcare system” and “the unbearable pressure.” Nurses were often seen as instrumental to counteracting some of these challenges.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to respond to the challenges experienced by carers at the point of transition and beyond, by ensuring early and coordinated planning, effective information sharing and communication and clear transition processes and guidelines. A person‐centred and family‐centred approach is required to minimise negative impact on the health and well‐being of the young adult with intellectual disabilities and their carers.Relevance to clinical practiceRegistered nurses have a key role in providing information and support, along with coordinating care at the time of transition from child to adult health services for young adults with complex intellectual disabilities. It is vital that their input is person‐centred and responds effectively to the expert knowledge of family carers, while at the same time ensuring their needs for information and support are also addressed.
Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix or vagina which were successfully treated with nivolumab
Authors: Anko Mayuka , Nakamura Masaru , Kobayashi Yusuke , Tsuji Kosuke , Nakada Sakura , Nakamura Yoshio , Funakoshi Takeru , Banno Kouji , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrimary malignant melanomas (MM) originating from the gynecological tract are rare. They respond poorly to immunotherapy when compared with cutaneous MM. This study reports two cases. The first is of a 54‐year‐old woman with a cervical amelanotic polypoid mass who was diagnosed as having stage IB1 cervical melanoma according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics system. At 17 months post‐surgery, a computed tomography examination revealed recurrence of a 68 mm pelvic tumor. The second case is of a 37‐year‐old woman with a 7 cm hemorrhagic mass on the vaginal wall. The patient was diagnosed as having stage IV vaginal melanoma according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer definition. Both patients received nivolumab therapy, programmed cell death receptor 1 monoclonal antibodies, and the tumors almost disappeared. These cases may add the possibility of using colposcopy with narrow‐band imaging and positron‐emission tomography to diagnose and evaluate primary MM.
Spatial Distance Between Parents and Adult Children in the United States
Authors: Choi HwaJung , Schoeni Robert F. , Wiemers Emily E. , Hotz V. Joseph , Seltzer Judith A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis brief report presents contemporary national estimates of the spatial distance between residences of parents and adult children in the United States, including distance to one's nearest parent or adult child and whether one lives near all of their parents and adult children.BackgroundThe most recent national estimates of parent–child spatial proximity come from data for the early 1990s. Moreover, research has rarely assessed the spatial clustering of all parents and adult children.MethodData are from the 2013 Panel Study of Income Dynamics on residential locations of adults aged 25 years and older and each of their parents and adult children. The following two measures of spatial proximity were estimated: the share of adults who have their nearest parent or adult child at a given distance and the share of adults who have all parents and/or all adult children at a given distance. Sociodemographic and geographic differences were examined for both measures.ResultsAmong the adults with at least one living parent or adult child, a significant majority (74.8%) had their nearest parent or adult child within 30 miles, and about one third (35.5%) had all parents and adult children living that close. Spatial proximity differed substantially among sociodemographic groups, with those who were disadvantaged more likely to have their parents or adult children nearby. In most cases, sociodemographic disparities were much higher when spatial proximity was measured by proximity to all parents and all adult children instead of to the nearest parent or nearest adult child.ConclusionDisparities in having all parents and/or adult children nearby may be a result of family solidarity and also may affect family solidarity. This report sets the stage for new investigations of the spatial dimension of family cohesion.