bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric comparison and time consuming evaluations for neoadjuvant 5-fields versus 7-fields Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.
Authors: Reali Alessia 
Published: November 2018

Aims and background. Preoperative â€“ multidrug - chemoradiotherapy schedule (PCR) is proven to be the standard approach in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).Â The main limiting factor of PCR delivery is severe acute gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity due to the small bowel irradiated volume. Compared to 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans, with 7 or more fields, by highly conformal dose distributions, will minimize the dose received by small bowel, but required an increase in overall treatment time. The purpose of this study was to investigate if simple IMRT plans were comparable to conventional 7-fields IMRT in terms of dose distribution, with the advantage of reducing time delivery.Â Methods. Twelve patients with histologically proved LARC underwent PCR with concurrent chemotherapy with Oxaliplatin 50 mg/m2 intravenously weekly x 6 weeks + Capecitabine 1500 mg/mq day (on days 1,14 every 21 days) and 7-field IMRT step-and -shoot technique at the cumulative dose of 50.4 Gy to the target volume, with conventional fractionation schedule of 1.8 Gy each day. Dose calculation for selected Organ at Risks (OARs) such as femoral heads, bladder and small bowel, were performed. Without exceeding OARs dose constraints or compromising target coverage, for each treated patients, a â€œsimpleâ€ IMRT plan with 5 fields was computed and retrospectively compared with 7-field IMRT. Dosimetric parameters and treatment time data were analized. Results. As expected, homogeneity of dose distribution was significantly better for 7F-IMRT than 5F-IMRT; while in terms of Conformation Number, as proposed by vanâ€™t Riet et. Al, we registered no statistically significant differences between the two IMRT techniques resulting in equal sparing of healthy tissues. We recorded a median delivering treatment time of 7.9 minutes for 5F-IMRT and of 12.3 minutes for 7F-IMRT, with a difference statistically significant. Conclusions.This preliminary study demonstrated that the reduction in the number of fields obtained with the 5F-IMRT is a strategy to improve treatment time delivery without a detriment in target coverage and normal tissue sparing in PCR for LARC patients.
Thermodynamic Functions Molecular Polarizability of 2,6-dichloro-4-fluoro Phenol
Authors: Malik Dr. Surbhi , Singh D.P. , Kumar Sarvindra 
Published: November 2018

The Laser-Raman and FT-IR spectra of 2,6-dichloro-4-fluoro phenol (2,6,4-DCFP) have been recorded. TheÂ thermodynamic functions, namely, the enthalpy, the heat capacity, the free energy and entropy of 2,6,4-DCFPÂ have been calculated at a pressure of 1 atmosphere in the temperature range 200-1500 K under rigid rotorharmonic oscillator. The one-dimensional semi-empirical delta-function model of chemical binding has been usedÂ to evaluate the average molecular polarizability of 2,6,4-DCFP.
Brain Interconnections
Authors: DueÃ±as Alejandro , Rosas Juan Carlos Aldaz , HernÃ¡ndez Francisco JimÃ©nez , Caloca M. M. A. Ortiz 
Published: November 2018

The interaction brain-machine is now an indissoluble fact. The repercussions this fact will have in future are presently unimaginable. As mentioned in [1] the nerve axon can now be modeled by a cable or a planar high speed interconnection, no matter what kind of interconnection will be used.Â The brain development is clearly shown in a stupendous book of the SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE treating the brain and the nervous system. An extraction of the brain development chapter is here included to show the relationship among the physiological brain connections [2] and the high speed electrical connections [1]. On the other hand, because of the massive volume of information storage now a day the synchronization clock speeds are all in the range of GHz almost reaching the THz. At these very high frequencies the behavior of the interconnects are more like that of a transmission line, and hence distortion, delay, and phase shift-effects caused by phenomena like cross talk, ringing, and overshoot are present and may be undesirable for the performance of a circuit or system. Thus, the interconnects do not have to be considered like simple conductors or lumped elements. All this gives rise to a new emerging discipline known as signal integrity. This discipline is extremely important to maintain the signal quality on microstrip circuits [3]. In this discipline the correct timing and signal quality preservation preventing transients and false switching are studied in order to avoid excessive delays.
Correlation between microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of In-Bi-Sn-Ag melt spun alloys
Authors: Shalaby Rizk Mostafa , Yonous Mohammed , El-Bediwi Abu-Bakr , Kamal Mustafa 
Published: November 2018

A series of indium-bismuth-tin-silver alloys containing up to 5 wt. % silver were quenched from melt by chill-block melt-spin technique. The resultant ribbons were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray, and deferential scanning calorimetry techniques. Structural, Mechanical and thermal correlations were discussed and reviewed for In-Bi-Sn-Ag Fieldâ€™s metal alloy systems. The results are interpreted in terms of the phase changes occurring in the alloy system.Â It is found that melting point, solidus and liquidus temperatures of the solder alloys are lowered as the Ag content is increased.Â With the addition of Ag, the In rich phase is finer in size, and the intermetallic compounds are more uniformly distributed.Â As a result, Youngâ€™s modulus and microhardness of In-Bi-Sn are increased when Ag is added into the solder alloy. Â It is also , concluded that from our results, the present work relates to a melting temperature adjustable metal thermal interface material (TIM) applicable to an interface between a microelectronic packaging component and a heat dissipation device, so as to facilitate the heat dissipation of the microelectronic component.
Visual Evoked potential signal processing and analysis for normal and galucomic eyes
Authors: Abdelkader Hamed Ibrahem , Abdelkader Mona , Kabeel Mohammed , Alya Malak 
Published: November 2018

Visual evoked potentials (VEPS) are obtained from optic tract by recording the evoked potentials generated by retinal stimulation. The flash VEP (FVEP) is used less frequently than pattern reversal VEP (PRVEP) because; it shows great variation in both latency and amplitude. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of change of wavelength of flash and change of check size on the parameters of visual evoked potential (amplitude and latency) in normal individuals and glaucoma patients. The group of healthy subjects in the age of 20-45 years while the group of glaucoma subjects where Â in the age of 25-50 years. Â The two groups were exposed to flash VEP with white light and blue color and they also were exposed to checks subtending a visual angles of 15, 30,60 and 120 minutes of arc. The measured data were statistically analyzed and summarized by histograms. The interindividual and intraindividual in latencies and amplitudes for FVEP were assessed using Â the coefficient of variation (COV). In conclusion, monochromatic flash VEP was preferred than white as there were minimal inter and intra individual variation of latencies and amplitudes. The most preferred check size in PRVEP was 120' for Â the two groups.Â Â
Optical properties of the Vanadium dioxide
Authors: Benchaib Abderrahim , Mdaa Abdesselam , Zorkani Izeddine , Jorio Anouar 
Published: November 2018

The vanadium dioxide is a material thermo chromium which sees its optical properties changing at the time of theÂ transition from the phase of semiconductor state â†” metal, at a critical temperature of 68Â°C. The study of the opticalÂ properties of a thin layer of VOâ‚‚ thickness 82 nm, such as the dielectric function, the index of refraction, the coefficient ofextinction, the absorptionâ€™s coefficient, the reflectivity, the transmittivity, in the photonic spectrum of energy Ï‰ located inthe interval: 0.001242 â‰¤ Ï‰ (ev) â‰¤ 6, enables us to control well its practical utility in various applications, like the intelligentpanes, the photovoltaic, paintings for increasing energy efficiency in buildings, detectors of infra-red (I.R) or ultra-violet(U.V). We will make simulations with Maple and compare our results with those of the literature
Ab-initio Calculations of Electronic, Transport, and Bulk Properties of cubic Boron Nitride (zb-BN)
Authors: Stewart Anthony Duane 
Published: November 2018

We present results from ab-initio, self consistent, local density approximation (LDA) calculations of electronic and related properties of cubic boron nitride (zb-BN).Â We employed the Ceperley and Alder LDA potential and the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) formalism in our non-relativistic computations.Â We solved the system of LDA equations self-consistently, through the implementation of the LCAO formalism, following the Bagayoko, Zhao, and Williams (BZW) method as enhanced by Ekuma and Franklin (BZW-EF).Â The BZW-EF method includes a methodical search for the optimal basis set that yields the absolute minima of the occupied energies.Â This search entails increasing the size of the basis set and the related modifications of angular symmetry and of radial orbitals.Â Our calculated, indirect band gap of 6.48 eV, from the Î“ to the Î§ points, and bulk modulus of 375 GPa are in excellent agreement with corresponding experimental values at room temperature (RT).Â The calculated widths of the lowest valance band and that of the entire valence bands of 5.65 eV and 20.26 eV are in excellent agreement with the measured values of 5.5 eV and 20 eV, respectively.Â We have also calculated electron and hole effective masses for zb-BN, and the total (DOS) and partial (pDOS) densities of states. Â Â
Natural radioactivity in marine sediment of Khor- Abdulla Northern west of the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Subber Abdul , Jaber Munaf Qasim , Al-Hashmi Noori H.N. 
Published: November 2018

This work presents measurements of natural radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K) in the sea sediment using gamma spectroscopy. The sediment samples were collected from coastal and deep water using special equipment for this purpose. This work was performed in Khor-Abdulla, northern west of the Arabian Gulf to establish the baseline data level for naturally occurring radionuclides in the study area and will be useful for tracking and assessing any accentual pollution in the marine environment in the region. The average values of 232Th, 238U,226Ra, 40K are 5.6 Bq/kg, 7.2 Bq/kg, 44.4 Bq/kgÂ and 293.9 Bq/kg respectively. It is found that,the mean radium equivalent Raeq and effective dose rates areÂ 84.5 Bq/kg and 0.046 mSv/y respectively and they are well below the recommended limit of international committees.
Study of the optical properties of SiO2, and Al2O3 films deposited by electron beam technique
Authors: Shakouri Reza 
Published: November 2018

Al2O3 and SiO2 thin films have been prepared by electron beam evaporation at different oxygen flows. The influences of oxygen partial pressure on optical properties of Al2O3and SiO2 thin films have been studied. We have coated Al2O3and SiO2 without some oxygen background in the chamber. The results show that Al2O3 thin film does not have absorption even though it is coated without oxygen background in the chamber. On the other hand, without oxygen flow, SiO2 thin film has some absorption.Â The packing density of the samples is studied by change in the spectrum of a coating with humidity
Evolution of unstable system.
Authors: Lebed Igor V. 
Published: November 2018

Scenario of appearance and development of instability in problem of a flow around a solidÂ sphere at rest is discussed. The scenario was created by solutions to the multimomentÂ hydrodynamics equations, which were applied to investigate the unstable phenomena. TheseÂ solutions allow interpreting Stokes flow, periodic pulsations of the recirculating zone in the wakeÂ behind the sphere, the phenomenon of vortex shedding observed experimentally. In accordanceÂ with the scenario, system loses its stability when entropy outflow through surface confining theÂ system cannot be compensated by entropy produced within the system. The system does not findÂ a new stable position after losing its stability, that is, the system remains further unstable. AsÂ Reynolds number grows, one unstable flow regime is replaced by another. The replacement isÂ governed tendency of the system to discover fastest path to depart from the state of statisticalÂ equilibrium. This striving, however, does not lead the system to disintegration. Periodically,Â reverse solutions to the multimoment hydrodynamics equations change the nature of evolutionÂ and guide the unstable system in a highly unlikely direction. In case of unstable system, unlikelyÂ path meets the direction of approaching the state of statistical equilibrium. Such behavior of theÂ system contradicts the scenario created by solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations.Â Unstable solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations are not fairly prolonged along time toÂ interpret experiment. Stable solutions satisfactorily reproduce all observed stable medium states.Â As Reynolds number grows one stable solution is replaced by another. They are, however,Â incapable of reproducing any of unstable regimes recorded experimentally. In particular, stableÂ solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations cannot put anything in correspondence to anyÂ of observed vortex shedding modes. In accordance with our interpretation, the reason for this isthe classic hydrodynamics equations themselves.
Theoretical modification of Hume Rothery condition of phase stability in a good agreement with experimental data
Authors: El Ashram Tarek 
Published: November 2018

We presented in this paper a theoretical modification of Hume Rothery condition of phase stability in good agreement with experimental data. This modification is derived directly from the quantum conditions on the free electron Fermi gas inside the crystal. The new condition relates both the volume of Fermi sphere VF and volume of Brillouin zone VB by the valence electron concentration VEC as ;Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â for tetragonal and hexagonal systems and as; Â Â for cubic systems.
Perceptions of support and policies regarding pregnancy, parenting, and family planning during veterinary training at United States veterinary medical training institutions
Authors: Rosenbaum Marieke H. , Wayne Annie S. , Molter Brianna L. , Mueller Megan K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gather information about issues associated with pregnancy, lactation, and parenting for US veterinary students and house officers (trainees) and their perception of pregnancy and parenting support services available at US veterinary training institutions.
DESIGN Cross-sectional mixed-method survey.
SAMPLE 2,088 veterinary students and 312 house officers from 27 US veterinary training institutions.
PROCEDURES An email with a link to an online survey was sent to the associate dean for academic affairs at each of the 30 AVMA-accredited US veterinary training institutions with a request that it be forwarded to all veterinary students and house officers (interns and residents).
RESULTS Among the 2,400 respondents, 185 (7.7%) reported that they were a parent, were pregnant, or had a significant other who was pregnant. Several significant differences in attitudes and perceptions of pregnancy and parenting support services provided by veterinary training institutions were identified between males and females, veterinary students and house officers, and respondents who were and were not parents.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results provided crucial information about an important facet of well-being for veterinary trainees and suggested that veterinary students and house officers face substantial challenges in becoming parents during their training programs and that perceptions of those challenges differ between males and females.
Effects of Grid Disturbances on Current Source Rectifier Controlled by FCS-MPC Algorithm
Authors: Godlewska A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing number of non-linear loads influences the grid, causing grid voltage disturbances. These disturbances may be very dangerous for the equipment and can create faults in converter behaviour. However, the right control algorithm can improve the reliability of the work. For a current source rectifier, the finite control set model predictive control has been proposed. This method is very flexible because of the variety of the possible cost function forms. It has been examined under grid voltage disturbed by the higher harmonics and the voltage drop. Simulation results prove the ability to damp the distortions and to ensure the unity power factor. Summing up, the algorithm is a very good solution for use in applications such as battery charging, active power filtering and low-voltage direct current load feeding.
Effects of Verbal Feedback on Movement Efficiency During Swimming Ergometry
Authors: Zatoń Krystyna , Cześniewicz Izabela , Szczepan Stefan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction. The aim of the study was to ascertain the physiological effects of verbal feedback on changes in the movement efficiency of a dry-land swimming ergometry task (butterfly stroke). Material and methods. The study involved 100 healthy and physically active males (1st year university students majoring in physical education) that were untrained in swimming (19.56 ± 1.32 years of age, 181.23 ± 4.35 cm in height, and 70.54 ± 8.6 kg in weight). The sample was randomised into two groups (control and experimental). In the first trial, both groups executed the butterfly stroke on a Weba Sport swim ergometer with no augmented feedback. In a second trial, the experimental group was provided with verbal cues relating kinesthetic information on task execution. Trial duration was 10 min, with the first 5 min devoted to the swimming task and the remaining 5 min serving as a cool-down. Variables under consideration included physiological cost, rate of recovery, heart rate recovery, estimated recovery time, and work output. Results. No improvement in the variables related to the physiological cost was observed in the verbal feedback condition although a significant increase in work output was observed in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusions. An improvement in work output without modulating the physiological cost of work suggests that appropriately prepared verbal cues may enhance performance in a swimming ergometry task.
Comparison of Selected Parameters of Physical Activity at School and at Home in Children Aged 12 in Rural Areas in Poland
Authors: Herbert Jarosław , Warchoł Krzysztof , Przednowek Krzysztof , Grzywacz Renata 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Introduction. In recent years, research studies have demonstrated a significant decrease in physical activity (PA) amongst young people. Most of the young generation participate in sport and recreation too rarely, and they devote too much time to passive leisure. Diagnoses of physical activity at different stages of our lives, with particular emphasis on children and adolescents, are increasingly indicating that along with age, the level of physical activity, especially during leisure time, is decreasing. Material and methods. The aim of the study is to compare selected parameters of physical activity on a single day among students aged 12 and to determine how these parameters differ at school and at home. The study was conducted using an ActiGraph WGT3X accelerometer on a group of 100 students (50 girls and 50 boys) in a rural area of southern Poland. Results. The analysis showed that for parameters such as vigorous activity, total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and step count, the observed difference between the time spent at school and outside of school was statistically significant (p < 0.05). All of these parameters were characterised by a higher level during school time. On the basis of the analyses performed, it was concluded that the school environment contributes to increasing youth’s physical activity. Effective educational programmes promoting physical activity in different forms should be addressed to youth as well as to parents (custodians), who are responsible for the physical development of their children.
Team-Based Decision-Making in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)
Authors: Dagenais Renee , Pawluk Shane A , Rainkie Daniel C , Wilby Kyle 
Published: November 2018

Evaluation of pre-licensure students’ competency in team-based decision-making is lacking. The purposes of this study were to evaluate pre-licensure pharmacy students’ competency in team-based decision-making in the context of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), and to determine whether performance correlated with reflective assignment scores. Students’ self-assessment and conceptualization of team-based decision-making in practice was also evaluated. Twenty-three pre-licensure pharmacy students’ competency in team-based decision-making was evaluated in an OSCE station and with a reflective journal assignment; rubric scores for both evaluations were compared using Spearman’s rank order analysis. Students completed an 18-item questionnaire regarding attitudes, confidence, and perceptions related to team-based decision-making. Descriptive statistics and construct analysis with open coding were used to analyse questionnaire results. Mean OSCE station and reflective journal scores were 45% and 66.3%, respectively, and were not correlated. Students’ attitudes toward team-based decision-making were positive, and they reported performing associated behaviours during experiential education rotations. Students appropriately defined ‘team-based decision-making’ and were highly confident in performing related activities. However, students’ conceptualization of team-based decision-making did not align with the pharmacy program’s competency framework. Three key themes were identified through the study analyses: 1) student performance is dependent on assessment context when evaluating collaborator-related competencies; 2) there is a mismatch between students’ perceived competency and objectively measured competence when collaborator outcomes were assessed within an OSCE; and 3) students’ perceptions of team-based decision-making do not align with the program’s competency framework. Future research is necessary to assess competency and perceptions of team-based decision-making in students from other healthcare professions, and to further evaluate whether pre-licensure students are “collaborative practice ready”.

Article Type: Case Study