bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in predicting survival of patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer receiving abiraterone acetate: An evidence‐based case report and review of literature
Authors: Yausep Oliver E. , Agarwal Raksheeth , Aulina Rifqha , Wijaya Anthony E. , Amaia Ilonka , Moekti Addina W. , Rinaldi Ikhwan , Hamid Agus Rizal A. H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlatelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a candidate prognostic marker for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients receiving abiraterone acetate and evidence demonstrates that a high PLR is associated with poor survival. More studies are required to verify current findings and establish a definite cutoff point.
Construction of 2D MOFs@reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites with Enhanced Visible Light‐induced Fenton‐like Catalytic Performance by Seeded Growth Strategy
Authors: Hou Xiaojun , Hu Kangze , Zhang Huan , Tao Zhang , Yang Mu , Wang Ge 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeeded growth strategy to synthesize NH2‐MIL‐88B(Fe) embedded on reduced graphene oxide (NM88@RGO) is reported in this work. The 2D NM88@RGO composites show intensive Fenton‐like catalytic performance in the visible light‐driven degradation of contaminant. Among as‐synthesized samples, NM88@RGO‐15 is confirmed to possess the highest catalytic activity to the removal of RhB within 1 h and the efficiency is held at high level after 5 cycles. Besides, the synergistic interaction between NH2‐MIL‐88B(Fe) and RGO and photocatalytic mechanism are investigated thoroughly by the electrochemical measurements, the trap experiment of active species, and the analysis of energy‐level position. RGO is capable of acting as a template to direct the formation of 2D nanostructures and behaves as an electron‐captured net to facilitate the charge transfer and inhibit the recombination of electron‐holes on the NH2‐MIL‐88B(Fe). The homogeneous distribution of Fe‐MOFs particles on RGO nanosheets is in favor of the formation and exposure of active sites for light‐driven Fenton‐like reaction.
Controlling the Degree of Functionalization: In‐Depth Quantification and Side‐Product Analysis of Diazonium Chemistry on SWCNTs
Authors: Schirowski Milan , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present an in‐depth qualitative and quantitative analysis of a reaction between 4‐iodobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) via thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry (TG‐MS) or a gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (TG‐GC‐MS) as well as Raman spectroscopy. We propose a method for precise determination of the degree of functionalization and quantification of physisorbed aromates, detaching around their boiling point, alongside covalently bonded ones (cleavage over 200 °C). While the presence of some side products like phenol‐ or biphenyl species could be excluded, residual surfactant and minor amounts of benzene could be identified. A concentration‐dependent experiment shows that the degree of functionalization increases with the logarithm of the concentration of applied diazonium salt, which can be exploited to precisely adjust the amount of aryl addends on the nanotube sidewall, up to 1 moiety per 100 carbon atoms.
Designed One‐Pot Strategy for Dual‐Carbon‐Protected Na3V2(PO4)3 Hybrid Structure as High‐Rate and Ultrastable Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jie , Peng Bo , Li Yapeng , Yu Lai , Wang Gongrui , Shi Liang , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries have attracted tremendous attention due to their much lower cost and similar working principle compared with lithium‐ion batteries, which have been invited great expectation as energy storage devices in grid‐level applications. The sodium superionic conductor Na3V2(PO4)3 has been considered as a promising cathode candidate; however, its intrinsic low electronic conductivity results in poor rate performance and unsatisfactory cycling performance, which severely impedes its potential for practical applications. Herein, we developed a facile one‐pot strategy to construct dual carbon‐protected hybrid structure composed of carbon coated Na3V2(PO4)3 nanoparticles embedded with carbon matrix with excellent rate performance, superior cycling stability and ultralong lifespan. Specifically, it can deliver an outstanding rate performance with a 51.5 % capacity retention from 0.5 to 100 C and extraordinary cycling stability of 80.86 % capacity retention after 6000 cycles at the high rate of 20 C. The possible reasons for the enhanced performance could be understood as the synergistic effects of the strengthened robust structure, facilitated charge transfer kinetics, and the mesoporous nature of the Na3V2(PO4)3 hybrid structure. This work provides a cost‐effective strategy to effectively optimize the electrochemical performance of a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, which could contribute to push forward the advance of its practical applications.
Rational Synthesis of Iron/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Catalyst through a Spatial Isolation Strategy for Efficient Oxygen Reduction in Acidic and Alkaline Media
Authors: Feng Bomin , Wu Xiuju , Li Ling , Gao Wei , Hu Weihua , Li Chang Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt remains challenging to rationally synthesize iron/nitrogen‐doped carbon (Fe/N‐C) catalysts with rich Fe−Nx atomic active sites for improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysis. A highly efficient Fe/N‐C catalyst, which has been synthesized through a spatial isolation strategy, is reported. Derived from bioinspired polydopamine (PDA)‐based hybrid microsphere precursors, it is a multifunctional carrier that loads atomically dispersed Fe3+/Zn2+ ions through coordination interactions and N‐rich melamine through electrostatic attraction and covalent bonding. The Zn2+ ions and melamine in the precursor efficiently isolate Fe3+ atoms upon pyrolysis to form rich Fe−Nx atomic active sites, and generate abundant micropores during high‐temperature treatment; as a consequence, the resultant Fe‐N/C catalyst contains rich catalytically active Fe−Nx sites and a hierarchical porous structure. The catalyst exhibits improved ORR activity that is superior to and close to that of Pt/C in alkaline and acidic solutions, respectively.
From MOF‐74‐Zn to Triazolate‐Directed Nonsymmetric Assembly of Chiral Zn6@Zn6 Clusters
Authors: Yang Huajun , Le James , Dinh Andy , Zhao Xiang , Chen Xitong , Peng Fang , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe creation of new cluster building blocks, as well as new ligand coordination modes, are among the most effective ways to develop new framework materials. Yet, large and chiral clusters are both difficult to create and relatively few. Here, by studying the competing coordination of different azolates against carboxylate and combined carboxylate/phenolate, it is shown that the impact of azolates in the MOF‐74 synthesis system differs dramatically, leading to the synthesis of MOF‐74, UTSA‐74, and CPM‐72 for 2‐methylimidazole, 1,2,4‐triazole, and 1,2,3‐triazole, respectively. The new CPM‐72 contains a novel chiral Zn12 triazolate cluster, which features a trigonal‐prismatic Zn6 core inside an octahedral Zn6 shell. In contrast with MOF‐74 with fully deprotonated and symmetrically bonded 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid (H4DOBDC), H4DOBDC adopts an unusual nonsymmetric bonding mode in CPM‐72 (carboxylate only at one end and carboxylate/phenolate at the other), resulting in a highly porous and intrinsically chiral 3D framework. The nonsymmetric bonding mode by H4DOBDC, apparently dictated by the chiral Zn12 cluster, can be replicated with 2‐hydroxyterephthalic acid (H3OBDC), leading to the synthesis of porous isoreticular CPM‐73.
A Straightforward Approach to Multifunctional Graphene
Authors: Lucherelli Matteo Andrea , Raya Jésus , Edelthalhammer Konstantin F. , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas , Abellán Gonzalo , Bianco Alberto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGraphene has been covalently functionalized through a one‐pot reductive pathway using graphite intercalation compounds (GICs), in particular KC8, with three different orthogonally protected derivatives of 4‐aminobenzylamine. This novel multifunctional platform exhibits excellent bulk functionalization homogeneity (Hbulk) and degree of addition while preserving the chemical functionalities of the organic addends through different protecting groups, namely: tert‐butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) and phthalimide (Pht). We have employed (temperature‐dependent) statistical Raman spectroscopy (SRS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), magic angle spinning solid state 13C NMR (MAS‐NMR), and a characterization tool consisting of thermogravimetric analysis coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (TG‐GC‐MS) to unambiguously demonstrate the covalent binding and the chemical nature of the different molecular linkers. This work paves the way for the development of smart graphene‐based materials of great interest in biomedicine or electronics, to name a few, and will serve as a guide in the design of new 2D multifunctional materials.
Ultrasensitive Detection and Binding Mechanism of Cocaine in an Aptamer‐based Single‐molecule Device
Authors: Chen Xinjiani , Zhou Chenguang , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: July 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionAptamer serves as a potential candidate for the micro‐detection of cocaine due to its high specificity, high affinity and good stability. Although cocaine aptasensors have been extensively studied, the binding mechanism of cocaine‐aptamer interactions is still unknown, which limits the structural refinement in the design of an aptamer to improve the performance of cocaine aptasensors. Herein, we report a label‐free, ultrasensitive detection of single‐molecule cocaine‐aptamer interaction by using an electrical nanocircuit based on graphene‐molecule‐ graphene single‐molecule junctions (GMG‐SMJs). Real‐time recordings of cocaine‐aptamer interactions have exhibited distinct current oscillations before and after cocaine treatment, revealing the dynamic mechanism of the conformational changes of aptamer upon binding with cocaine. Further concentration‐dependent experiments have proved that these devices can act as a single‐molecule biosensor with at least a limit of detection as low as 1 nmol∙L–1. The method demonstrated in this work provides a novel strategy for shedding light on the interaction mechanism of biomolecules as well as constructing new types of aptasensors toward practical applications.
Outcomes for older adults with acute myeloid leukemia after an intensive care unit admission
Authors: Slavin Samuel D. , Fenech Alyssa , Jankowski Amanda L. , Abel Gregory A. , Brunner Andrew M. , Steensma David P. , Fathi Amir T. , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Wadleigh Martha , Hobbs Gabriela S. , Amrein Philip C. , Stone Richard M. , Temel Jennifer S. , El‐Jawahri Areej 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundOlder adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are often assumed to have poor outcomes after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). However, little is known about ICU utilization and post‐ICU outcomes in this population.MethodsThe authors conducted a retrospective analysis for 330 patients who were 60 years old or older and were diagnosed with AML between 2005 and 2013 at 2 hospitals in Boston.They used descriptive statistics to examine the proportion of patients admitted to the ICU as well as their mortality and functional recovery. They used logistic regression to identify risk factors for in‐hospital mortality.ResultsNinety‐six patients (29%) were admitted to the ICU, primarily because of respiratory failure (39%), septic shock (28%), and neurological compromise (9%). The proportions of patients who survived to hospital discharge, 90 days, and 1 year were 47% (45 of 96), 35% (34 of 96), and 30% (29 of 96), respectively. At 90 days, 76% of the patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) of 0 or 1, and 86% were in complete remission (CR) and/or continued to receive AML‐directed therapy. In a multivariate analysis, a poorer baseline ECOG PS score (odds ratio, 2.76; P = .013) and the need for 2 or more life‐sustaining therapies (ie, vasopressors, invasive ventilation, and/or renal replacement therapy; odds ratio, 12.4; P < .001) were associated with increased odds of in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsAlthough almost one‐third of older patients with AML are admitted to an ICU, nearly half survive to hospital discharge with good functional outcomes. The baseline performance status and the need for 2 or more life‐sustaining therapies predict hospital mortality. These data support the judicious use of ICU resources for older patients with AML.
Platinum Alloy Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Advances, Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Wu Dezhen , Shen Xiaochen , Pan Yanbo , Yao Libo , Peng Zhenmeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne of the challenges in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is developing cost‐effective, active and stable catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Platinum alloy‐based catalyst materials have drawn great attention and been intensively investigated for the excellent activity property, with some of them already exceeding 2020 DOE target for the ORR activity. In the meantime, the electrochemical stability of these Pt alloys remains a challenge to be overcome. This review first highlights important understandings of ORR pathways and mechanisms and then proceeds to summarize recent research progresses on development of Pt alloy catalyst materials. Current obstacles in Pt alloy catalyst research are discussed, with the stability issue being specifically emphasized and a theoretical model being developed for depicting the stability property. This review also provides perspectives of future research directions in this field.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of RIn2.9Co0.1 (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu)
Authors: Tan Hui , Guo Yong‐Quan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRIn2.9Co0.1 (R = rare earth) intermetallic compound has been synthesized, and its structure and magnetic properties have been investigated using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrum and magnetic measurement. RIn2.9Co0.1 crystallizes in cubic AuCu3‐type structure for R = heavy rare earths, and a small amount of R(In, Co)2 metaphase separates from RIn2.9Co0.1 for R = light rare earth. Rietveld's structural refinement confirms that R(In, Co)2 metaphase is the isomorphism of hexagonal CaIn2. The lattice parameters of RIn2.9Co0.1 tend to decrease with increasing atomic number of R due to the shrinking effect of atomic radius in rare earth group. The cubic phase can be stabilized in the range of 1.048–1.133 for the effective atomic radius ratio RA and 0.35–0.41 for the electronegativity difference ΔX. The magnetizing process of RIn2.9Co0.1 shows various characteristics with increasing atomic number of rare earth, and the magnetizing curves follow a ferromagnetic model for R = La, a mixed ferromagnetic and paramagnetic model for R = Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy. The formation of ferromagnetic characteristics results from the strong spin–spin interaction between R and Co.
Proactive multipath routing with a predictive mechanism in software‐defined networks
Authors: Lin Ying‐Dar , Liu Te‐Lung , Wang Shun‐Hsien , Lai Yuan‐Cheng 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWith the growth of network traffic volume, link congestion cannot be avoided efficiently with conventional routing protocols. By utilizing the single shortest‐path routing algorithm from link state advertisement information, standard routing protocols lack of global awareness and are difficult to be modified in a traditional network environment. Recently, software‐defined network (SDN) provided innovative architecture for researchers to program their own network protocols. With SDN, we can divert heavy traffic to multiple paths in order to resolve link congestion. Furthermore, certain network traffics come in periodic fashion such as peak hours at working days so that we can leverage forecasting for resource management to improve its performance. In this paper, we propose a proactive multipath routing with a predictive mechanism (PMRP) to achieve high‐performance congestion resolution. PMRP has two main concepts: (a) a proactive mechanism where PMRP deploys M/M/1 queue and traffic statistics to simulate weighted delay for possible combinations of multipaths placement of all subnet pairs, and leverage genetic algorithm for accelerating selection of optimized solution, and (b) a predictive mechanism whereby PMRP uses exponential smoothing for demand traffic volumes and variance predictions. Experimental results show a 49% reduction in average delay as compared with single shortest routing, and a 16% reduction in average delay compared with utilization & topology‐aware multipath routing (UTAMP). With the predictive mechanism, PMRP can decrease an additional 20% average delay. Furthermore, PMRP reduces 93% of flow table usage on average as compared with UTAMP.
Topical hydrogels with escin β‐sitosterol phytosome and escin: Formulation development and in vivo assessment of antihyperalgesic activity
Authors: Djekic Ljiljana , Čalija Bojan , Micov Ana , Tomić Maja , Stepanović‐Petrović Radica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe physicochemical properties, stability, in vivo antihyperalgesic activity, and skin irritation potential of the carbomer hydrogels with the new chemical entity escin β‐sitosterol (ES) phytosome were characterized and compared with those containing escin. Physicochemical characterization of the hydrogels (performed 48 hr after preparation) included organoleptic examination, pH measurement, light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry analysis and rheological tests. The obtained results showed that increasing concentration of the active substances within 1–5% affected the appearance (color and transparency) of the hydrogels, their pH, consistency, and rheological behavior. Unlike acidic escin, which was dissolved in the liquid phase of the pseudoplastic hydrogels E1–E5 and reduced their maximal apparent viscosity (ηmax), minimal apparent viscosity (ηmin), and hysteresis area (H) in comparison to the plain carbomer hydrogel, amphiphilic ES‐enhanced ηmax, ηmin, and thixotropy of the hydrogels ES1–ES5, which is favorable for prolonged retention at skin surface. Evaluation of in‐use stability of the hydrogels showed that organoleptic characteristics, flow behavior, and pH values could be preserved for 3 months under ambient conditions. The rat ear test results suggested that the hydrogels are safe to be used on human skin. Both escin and ES‐loaded hydrogels exerted significant, concentration‐dependent antihyperalgesic effect in inflammatory pain model in rats. ES‐loaded hydrogels were significantly more effective than those loaded with escin. This is a first report on the antihyperalgesic effect of topically applied escin as well as ES in a model of inflammatory pain.
Models and treatments for traumatic optic neuropathy and demyelinating optic neuritis
Authors: Bastakis George G. , Ktena Niki , Karagogeos Domna , Savvaki Maria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPathologies of the optic nerve could result as primary insults in the visual tract or as secondary deficits due to inflammation, demyelination, or compressing effects of the surrounding tissue. The extent of damage may vary from mild to severe, differently affecting patient vision, with the most severe forms leading to complete uni‐ or bilateral visual loss. The aim of researchers and clinicians in the field is to alleviate the symptoms of these, yet uncurable pathologies, taking advantage of known and novel potential therapeutic approaches, alone or in combinations, and applying them in a limited time window after the insult. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological and clinical profile as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms of two main categories of optic nerve pathologies, namely traumatic optic neuropathy and optic neuritis, focusing on the demyelinating form of the latter. Moreover, we report on the main rodent models mimicking these pathologies or some of their clinical aspects. The current treatment options will also be reviewed and novel approaches will be discussed.
Discrepancies in vegetation phenology trends and shift patterns in different climatic zones in middle and eastern Eurasia between 1982 and 2015
Authors: Li Yaobin , Zhang Yuandong , Gu Fengxue , Liu Shirong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChanges in vegetation phenology directly reflect the response of vegetation growth to climate change. In this study, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index dataset from 1982 to 2015, we extracted start date of vegetation growing season (SOS), end date of vegetation growing season (EOS), and length of vegetation growing season (LOS) in the middle and eastern Eurasia region and evaluated linear trends in SOS, EOS, and LOS for the entire study area, as well as for four climatic zones. The results show that the LOS has significantly increased by 0.27 days/year, mostly due to a significantly advanced SOS (−0.20 days/year) and a slightly delayed EOS (0.07 days/year) over the entire study area from 1982 to 2015. The vegetation phenology trends in the four climatic zones are not continuous throughout the 34‐year period. Furthermore, discrepancies in the shifting patterns of vegetation phenology trend existed among different climatic zones. Turning points (TP) of SOS trends in the Cold zone, Temperate zone, and Tibetan Plateau zone occurred in the mid‐ or late 1990s. The advanced trends of SOS in the Cold zone, Temperate zone, and Tibetan Plateau zone exhibited accelerated, stalled, and reversed patterns after the corresponding TP, respectively. The TP did not occurred in Cold‐Temperate zone, where the SOS showed a consistent and continuous advance. TPs of EOS trends in the Cold zone, Cold‐Temperate zone, Temperate zone, and Tibetan Plateau zone occurred in the late 1980s or mid‐1990s. The EOS in the Cold zone, Cold‐Temperate zone, Temperate zone, and Tibetan Plateau zone showed weak advanced or delayed trends after the corresponding TP, which were comparable with the delayed trends before the corresponding TP. The shift patterns of LOS trends were primarily influenced by the shift patterns of SOS trends and were also heterogeneous within climatic zones.