bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive sublingual immunotherapy with House Dust Mite extract modulates epitope diversity in pre‐school children
Authors: Ponce Marta , Schroeder Fabian , Bannert Christina , Schmidthaler Klara , Hansen Christian Skjødt , Lindholm Bøgh Katrine , Soldo Regina , Tsui Stephen Kwok‐Wing , Weinhäusel Andreas , Szépfalusi Zsolt , Eiwegger Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe preventive effect of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on allergy and asthma development is currently assessed using primary and secondary AIT approaches. Knowledge of the immunological effects of these interventions is limited and the impact on epitope diversity remains to be defined.MethodsWe used high‐density peptide arrays that included all known Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) allergens and the whole proteome of Der f to study changes in House Dust Mite (HDM) linear peptide recognition during a 2‐year preventive double‐blind placebo‐controlled sublingual HDM AIT pilot study in 2‐5‐year‐old children with sensitization to HDM but without symptoms.ResultsPreventive AIT‐treated patients showed significantly higher IgG epitope diversity to HDM allergens compared to placebo‐treated individuals at 24 months of treatment (P < 0.05), while no increase in IgE diversity was seen. At 24 months of treatment, IgG4 diversity for HDM allergens was significantly higher in the pAIT‐treated patients compared to placebo group (P < 0.05). Potentially beneficial changes in epitope recognition throughout the treatment are also seen in peptides derived from Der f proteome.ConclusionThese data suggest a beneficial immunomodulation of preventive sublingual immunotherapy at a molecular level by favoring a broader blocking repertoire and inhibiting epitope spreading.
Comparing adolescent and parent reports of externalizing problems: A longitudinal population‐based study
Authors: Robinson Monique , Doherty Dorota A. , Cannon Jeffrey , Hickey Martha , Rosenthal Susan L. , Marino Jennifer L. , Skinner S. Rachel 
Published: November 2018

Adolescent and parent reports of adolescent mental health problems often correlate poorly, and understanding this discrepancy has clinical importance. Yet contextual factors have only been inconsistently explained. At the 14‐ and 17‐year follow‐ups of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, 1,596 parent–child dyads completed the parent‐reported Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the adolescent‐rated Youth Self‐Report (YSR). Maternal, family, adolescent, and parent factors were examined as potential predictors of discrepancies. When adolescent YSR scores were in the clinical range but parents’ CBCL ratings were not, adolescents were more likely to report alcohol intoxication in the last 6 months, illicit drug use, low school motivation, and depression. When parents reported externalizing behaviour in the clinical range but adolescents did not, the characteristics associated with this were a younger maternal age, receiving social security benefit, stress related to parenting, depression, and poor family functioning. These new results will inform clinical management and research with adolescents who present with behavioural disorders.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

We know that adolescent and parent reports of adolescent mental health problems often correlate poorly, but little is known about which contextual factors lead to disagreement.

Understanding the factors that influence agreement is clinically relevant for predicting and identifying externalizing behavioural disorders.

This is a large‐scale study with the ability to assess the impact of numerous psychosocial factors on instrument disagreement.

What the present study adds

We found that substance use, depression and low school motivation impacted on discrepancy in externalizing behaviour scores for 14‐year‐old male adolescents and their parents.

Parental depression, stress, low family income, and family dysfunction also led to a higher likelihood of discrepancy in scores.
High‐resolution quantification of earthworm calcite granules from western European loess sequences reveals stadial–interstadial climatic variability during the Last Glacial
Authors: Prud'homme Charlotte , Moine Olivier , Mathieu Jerome , Saulnier‐Copard Segolene , Antoine Pierre 
Published: November 2018

High concentrations of calcite fossil granules produced by earthworms (ECG) have been identified in most of the stratigraphical units along the loess‐palaeosol reference sequence of Nussloch (Germany). They are particularly abundant in interstadial brown soils and in tundra gley horizons, the latter reflecting short‐term phases of aggradation then degradation of permafrost. These granules are characterized by a radial crystalline structure produced in the earthworms by specific bio‐mineralization processes. In our study, we used this biological indicator combined with 14C and OSL dating, and sedimentological parameters to characterize millennial‐time scale climatic variations recorded in loess sequences. The approach is based on high‐resolution counts of ECG throughout a 17‐m‐thick loess sequence (332 samples). Strong increases in granule and mollusc concentrations suggest warmer climate conditions during palaeosol formation phases, associated with increasing biodiversity, biological activity and vegetation cover. Decreased granule concentrations occur within primary loess deposits, indicating a strong correlation with palaeoenvironmental conditions and demonstrating the reliability of ECG concentration variations as a new palaeoenvironmental proxy. Finally, this pattern is also recorded in loess sequences located about 600 km westward in northern France demonstrating the large‐scale validity of this new palaeoclimatic proxy.
One pot multi‐component synthesis of functionalized spiropyridine and pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine scaffolds and their potent in‐vitro anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant investigations
Authors: Lavanya Mallu , Asharani Indira Viswambaran , Thirumalai Dhakshanamurthy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new series of functionalized fused pyridines 4(a–i) and fused pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines 8(a–c) were designed and synthesized through a multi‐component reaction where in pyridine ring formation step plays a key role. All the newly formed compounds were well characterized by spectral techniques such as FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HRMS and XRD. The potential therapeutic activities such as anti‐inflammatory activity by protein denaturation and RBC membrane stabilization methods, and anti‐oxidant activity by DPPH scavenging method of the newly synthesized compounds were studied. Interestingly, in‐vitro testing of these compounds reveals that the compounds 4d, 4g, 4i, 8a and 8b showed comparable anti‐inflammatory activity with respect to the standard drug, diclofenac. Similarly, fused pyridine 4f showed excellent anti‐oxidant activity when compared with the standard, ascorbic acid.
A new ultrasound nomogram for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules
Authors: Chen Ling , Zhang Jianxing , Meng Lingcui , Lai Yunsi , Huang Wenyuan 
Published: November 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS) is commonly used for risk stratification of thyroid nodules. However, this system has a poor sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to build a new model based on TI‐RADS for evaluating ultrasound image patterns that offer improved efficacy for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Design and PatientsThe study population consisted of 1092 participants with thyroid nodules.MeasurementsThe nodules were analysed by the TI‐RADS and the new model. The prediction properties and decision curve analysis of the nomogram were compared between the two models.ResultsThe proportions of thyroid cancer and benign disease were 36.17% and 63.83%. The new model showed good agreement between the prediction and observation of thyroid cancer. The nomogram indicated excellent prediction properties with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.946, sensitivity of 0.884 and specificity of 0.917 for training data as well as a high sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value for the validation data also. The optimum cut‐off for the nomogram was 0.469 for predicting cancer. The decision curve analysis results corroborated the good clinical applicability of the nomogram and the TI‐RADS for predicting thyroid cancer with wide and practical ranges for threshold probabilities.ConclusionsBased on the TI‐RADS, we built a new model using a combination of ultrasound patterns including margin, shape, echogenic foci, echogenicity and nodule halo sign with age to differentiate benign and malignant thyroid nodules, which had high sensitivity and specificity.
Hochregulation der SLURP1‐Immunfärbung in Läsionen von Psoriasis‐vulgaris‐Patienten entspricht dem Schweregrad der Erkrankung
Authors: Assaf Magda , Salah Eman 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZieleDie genaue Pathogenese der Psoriasis ist immer noch ungeklärt. Da SLURP1 wichtig ist für die normale Differenzierung von Keratinozyten, könnte es bei Psoriasis eine Rolle spielen. In dieser Studie untersuchten wir die immunhistochemische Färbung von SLURP1 bei Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris und deren möglichen Zusammenhang mit der Pathogenese der Erkrankung.Patienten und MethodenEs wurden Hautproben von 20 Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris, von 20 Patienten mit psoriasiformer Dermatitis sowie 20 normale Hautproben untersucht. Der Schweregrad der Psoriasis wurde anhand einer Kombination von PASI‐ und DLQI‐Scores gemessen. Bei allen Psoriasis‐Patienten wurden Biopsate aus läsionalen und aus nichtläsionalen Hautpartien entnommen. Bei psoriasiformer Dermatitis und Kontrollen wurde jeweils nur ein Hautbiopsat entnommen. Alle Schnitte wurden, entsprechend des Hersteller‐Protokolls, einer SLURP1‐Immunfärbung unterzogen.ErgebnisseHinsichtlich der SLURP1‐Immunfärbung wurden zwischen läsionalen und nichtläsionalen Biopsaten von Psoriasis‐Patienten sowie zwischen läsionalen Biopsaten von Psoriasis‐Patienten und Patienten mit psoriasiformer Dermatitis signifikante Unterschiede festgestellt. Die Unterschiede zwischen nichtläsionalen Biopsaten von Psoriasis‐Patienten und normalen Hautproben waren jedoch nicht signifikant. Darüber hinaus war der Grad der SLURP1‐Immunanfärbung proportional zum Schweregrad der Psoriasis.SchlussfolgerungenBei Psoriasis vulgaris ist die SLURP1‐Immunfärbung in läsionaler Haut signifikant erhöht, nicht jedoch bei psoriasiformer Dermatitis. Dies spricht für eine Rolle von SLURP1 bei der Pathogenese der Psoriasis. SLURP1 lässt sich möglicherweise als biologischer Marker für den Schweregrad der Psoriasis einsetzen, wobei diese Hypothese noch weiterer Untersuchungen bedarf.
Comorbidity of localized scleroderma and primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Bali Gábor , Szilvási Anikó , Inotai Dóra , Varga Ágnes , Sárdy Miklós , Kárpáti Sarolta , Medvecz Márta , Szegedi Anna , Hidvégi Bernadett 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackground and objectivesMorphea is frequently associated with other autoimmune disorders. Little is known about the association of morphea and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The objective of this case series was to study the possible association of morphea with PBC and to identify risk factors.Patients and methodsPatients with morphea were screened for anti‐mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) by indirect immunofluorescence and/or immunoblot. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping and deep sequencing for the HLA DRB1 subgroup were confirmed in AMA‐positive patients.Results6 of 91 patients (6.6 %) showed positivity for AMA, and 4 (4.39 %) had PBC. The mean age of AMA‐positive patients was 69.0 years. Of 6 AMA‐positive patients, common predisposing alleles (HLA DRB1*15: 01 and HLA DRB1*08) were detectable in two patients. One patient had predisposing alleles for both diseases (HLA DRB1*03: 01 and HLA DRB1*14). One patient had a PBC‐conferring allele. Female gender, menopause and tendency for remission of morphea were common in all patients.ConclusionThe coexistence of morphea, AMA positivity and PBC is a rare but possible association. Common predisposing HLA alleles might interact in such a simultaneous manifestation. We suggest AMA screening for female patients with generalized morphea before the initiation of methotrexate.
Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Bangladesh: a population‐based surveillance study
Authors: Khandaker Gulam , Muhit Mohammad , Karim Tasneem , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Novak Iona , Jones Cheryl , Badawi Nadia 
Published: November 2018

AimTo examine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of cerebral palsy (CP) in children in Bangladesh.MethodThe Bangladesh CP Register is an ongoing population‐based surveillance database of children with CP from a geographically defined area in Bangladesh. Cases were defined based on Surveillance of CP in Europe and Australian CP Register criteria after clinical assessments and identification by the key informant's method.ResultsIn total, 726 children with CP were identified between January 2015 and December 2016. Mean age was 7 years 7 months (standard deviation [SD] 4y 6mo; range: 4.8mo–18y; median 7y 1.2mo; 61.8% male, 38.2% female). Mean age at CP diagnosis was 5 years 2 months (SD 3.8). Observed prevalence was 3.4 per 1000 children (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.2–3.7), resulting in an estimated 233 514 children (95% CI: 219 778–254 118) with CP in Bangladesh. The majority (79.6%) had spastic CP. Altogether, 79.6% of the children with CP had at least one associated impairment (speech 67.6%, intellectual 39.0%, epilepsy 23.7%, visual 10.2%, and hearing 10.2%). In total, 78.2% never received rehabilitation.InterpretationIn Bangladesh, the burden of CP is high, and diagnosis is substantially delayed, limiting opportunities for early intervention. There is a lack of available services and the majority of the children had preventable risk factors.What this paper adds

Prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) is 3.4 per 1000 children in rural Bangladesh.

There are an estimated 233 514 children with CP in Bangladesh.

The majority have potentially preventable risk factors.

Diagnosis of CP is delayed, limiting opportunities for early intervention.

There is a lack of available services for children with CP in rural Bangladesh.
Achieving LDL cholesterol target levels <1.81 mmol/L may provide extra cardiovascular protection in patients at high risk: Exploratory analysis of the Standard Versus Intensive Statin Therapy for Patients with Hypercholesterolaemia and Diabetic Retinopathy study
Authors: Itoh Hiroshi , Komuro Issei , Takeuchi Masahiro , Akasaka Takashi , Daida Hiroyuki , Egashira Yoshiki , Fujita Hideo , Higaki Jitsuo , Hirata Ken‐ichi , Ishibashi Shun , Isshiki Takaaki , Ito Sadayoshi , Kashiwagi Atsunori , Kato Satoshi , Kitagawa Kazuo , Kitakaze Masafumi , Kitazono Takanari , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Miyauchi Katsumi , Murakami Tomoaki , Murohara Toyoaki , Node Koichi , Ogawa Susumu , Saito Yoshihiko , Seino Yoshihiko , Shigeeda Takashi , Shindo Shunya , Sugawara Masahiro , Sugiyama Seigo , Terauchi Yasuo , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Ueshima Kenji , Utsunomiya Kazunori , Yamagishi Masakazu , Yamazaki Tsutomu , Yo Shoei , Yokote Koutaro , Yoshida Kiyoshi , Yoshimura Michihiro , Yoshimura Nagahisa , Nakao Kazuwa , Nagai Ryozo ,   for the EMPATHY Investigators
Published: November 2018

AimsTo assess the benefits of intensive statin therapy on reducing cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with hyperlipidaemia and retinopathy in a primary prevention setting in Japan. In the intension‐to‐treat population, intensive therapy [targeting LDL cholesterol <1.81 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL)] was no more effective than standard therapy [LDL cholesterol ≥2.59 to <3.10 mmol/L (≥100 to <120 mg/dL)]; however, after 3 years, the intergroup difference in LDL cholesterol was only 0.72 mmol/L (27.7 mg/dL), and targeted levels were achieved in <50% of patients. We hypothesized that the intergroup difference in CV events would have been statistically significant if more patients had been successfully treated to target.Materials and MethodsThis exploratory post hoc analysis focused on intergroup data from patients who achieved their target LDL cholesterol levels. The primary endpoint was the composite incidence of CV events. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incidence of the primary endpoint in patients who achieved target LDL cholesterol levels in each group.ResultsData were analysed from 1909 patients (intensive: 703; standard: 1206) who achieved target LDL cholesterol levels. LDL cholesterol at 36 months was 1.54 ± 0.30 mmol/L (59.7 ± 11.6 mg/dL) in the intensive group and 2.77 ± 0.46 mmol/L (107.1 ± 17.8 mg/dL) in the standard group (P < 0.05). After adjusting for baseline prognostic factors, the composite incidence of CV events or deaths associated with CV events was significantly lower in the intensive than the standard group (HR 0.48; 95% confidence interval 0.28‐0.82; P = 0.007).ConclusionsThis post hoc analysis suggests that achieving LDL cholesterol target levels <1.81 mmol/L may more effectively reduce CV events than achieving target levels ≥2.59 to <3.10 mmol/L in patients with hypercholesterolaemia and diabetic retinopathy.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis with antiepileptic drugs: An analysis of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Borrelli Eric P. , Lee Erica Y. , Descoteaux Andrew M. , Kogut Stephen J. , Caffrey Aisling R. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryObjectiveStevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare and potentially fatal adverse skin reactions that are most commonly triggered by certain medications. One class of medications that has been highly associated with SJS/TEN reactions is antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). We sought to quantify the risk of SJS/TEN associated with AEDs as a class, as well as individual AEDs, in the United States.MethodsAn analysis was performed of the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from July 2014 through December 2017. Rates of SJS/TEN were calculated for each AED compared with all other non‐AEDs. Reporting odds ratios (RORs), proportional reporting ratios (PRRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using OpenEpi.ResultsWith 198 reports, AEDs had more reports of SJS/TEN than any other medication class. AEDs as a class had an ROR of 8.7 (95% CI 7.5‐10.2) and a PRR of 8.7 (95% CI 7.5‐10.2) compared with all other non‐AEDs. The AEDs with the highest risk estimates were zonisamide (ROR 70.2, 95% CI 33.1‐148.7; PRR 68.7, 95% CI 32.9‐143.5), rufinamide (ROR 60.0, 95% CI 8.3‐433.5; PRR 58.9, 95% CI 8.4‐411.5), clorazepate (ROR 56.0, 95% CI 7.8‐404.1; PRR 55.1, 95% CI 7.8‐385.0), lamotrigine (ROR 53.0, 95% CI 43.2‐64.9; PRR 52.2, 95% CI 42.7‐63.7), phenytoin (ROR 26.3, 95% CI 15.5‐44.7; PRR 26.1, 95% CI 15.4‐44.2), and carbamazepine (ROR 24.5, 95% CI 16.0‐37.5; PRR 24.3, 95% CI 16.0‐37.1).SignificanceAlthough AEDs as a class were associated with 9 times the risk of SJS/TEN compared with non‐AEDs, there were 6 AEDs with risk estimates greater than 20. Increased awareness of this risk among both prescribers and patients, particularly variations in risk among different AEDs, along with education on early recognition of SJS/TEN signs/symptoms, may help mitigate the number and severity of these adverse events.
Anthropogenic mining alters macroinvertebrate size spectra in streams
Authors: Pomeranz Justin P. F. , Warburton Helen J. , Harding Jon S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Food web properties can be used in bioassessment as indicators of ecosystem stress, although logistical constraints restrict their widespread use. Size spectra (body mass–abundance relationships) are easier to produce, still incorporate much of the variation in feeding interactions and indicate the strength of the energy transfer efficiency.

Here we examined the effect of acid mine drainage on the size spectra of stream macroinvertebrate communities in 25 New Zealand streams with a comparative survey. We predicted that the largest organisms would be most susceptible to acid mine drainage, leading to a reduction in their abundances and associated decrease in the range of body sizes present across the gradient, as well as a reduction in total community abundance.

The largest organisms were more sensitive to inputs of acid mine drainage and were absent at the most affected sites. Surprisingly, the smallest body sizes were also removed by acid mine drainage. This led to a reduction of up to two orders of magnitude in the range of body sizes present in mine impacted sites. Total community abundance decreased along the impact gradient.

The changes in size spectra were also associated with changes in the proportion of functional feeding groups, suggesting concomitant changes in food web structure. Specifically, communities became dominated by collector browsers and small bodied predators across the gradient. The simplification of the food web structure suggests that communities may be dominated by a few strong energy pathways, lowering their functionality and stability. However, the loss of large bodied predators also reduces top down pressure, probably increasing community stability. Further research is needed to elucidate the cumulative effects of these interacting processes.
Flood pulse regulation of bacterioplankton community composition in an Amazonian floodplain lake
Authors: de Melo Michaela L. , Bertilsson Stefan , Amaral João Henrique F. , Barbosa Pedro M. , Forsberg Bruce R. , Sarmento Hugo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Understanding spatial and temporal dynamics of microbial communities is a central challenge in microbial ecology since microorganisms play a key role in ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycles. Amazonian aquatic systems comprise a dynamic mosaic of heterogeneous habits but are understudied and there is limited information about the mechanisms that shape bacterial community composition (BCC).

There is a consensus that environmental selection (species sorting) and dispersal processes (source–sink dynamics) act in concert to shape the composition of these communities, but the relative importance of each mechanism may vary dramatically through time and between systems.

Applying 16S rRNA gene amplicon high‐throughput sequencing, we studied factors and processes that modulate BCC in an Amazonian floodplain lake and used source‐tracking models to trace the main dispersal sources of microorganisms in the whole floodplain system during a full hydrological cycle.

Our source‐tracking models indicated that dispersal processes were predominant, explaining most of the BCC variability throughout the study period. We observed more sources contributing to the sink community during the falling water than rising water period, when contributions from the Solimões River dominated.

There was a clear seasonal pattern in BCC, closely related to environmental variables, suggesting that the successful establishment of dispersing bacteria also depends on environmental filtering that is linked to water flow.

In summary, source–sink dynamics and species sorting were strongly affected by water exchange and connectivity with the main river that varied throughout the flood pulse cycle. Our results demonstrated the influence of lateral transport and temporal dynamics on BCC in Amazonian floodplain lakes that could ultimately impact regional carbon budgets and biogeochemical cycles.