bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Assessment of Bone Quality in Spine Deformity Surgery
Authors: Kuprys Tomas K. , Steinmetz Leah M. , Fischer Charla R. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Passias Peter G. , Goldstein Jeffrey A. , Bendo John A. , Errico Thomas J. , Buckland Aaron J. 
Published: December 2018

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
The goals of this study were to (A) evaluate preoperative bone quality assessment and intervention practice over time and (B) review the current evidence for bone evaluation in spine fusion surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Deformity spine surgery has demonstrated improved quality of life in patients; however, its cost has made it controversial. If preoperative bone quality can be optimized then potentially these treatments could be more durable; however, at present, no clinical practice guidelines have been published by professional spine surgical organizations.

Methods.
A retrospective cohort review was performed on patients who underwent a minimum five-level primary or revision fusion. Preoperative bone quality metrics were evaluated over time from 2012 to 2017 to find potential trends. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on age, sex, preoperative diagnosis, and spine fusion region.

Results.
Patient characteristics including preoperative rates of pseudarthrosis and junctional failure did not change. An increasing trend of physician bone health documentation was noted (P = 0.045) but changes in other metrics were not significant. A sex bias favored females who had higher rates of preoperative DXA studies (P = 0.001), Vitamin D 25-OH serum labs (P = 0.005), Vitamin D supplementation (P = 0.022), calcium supplementation (P < 0.001), antiresorptive therapy (P = 0.016), and surgeon clinical documentation of bone health (P = 0.008) compared with men.

Conclusion.
Our spine surgeons have increased documentation of bone health discussions but this has not affected bone quality interventions. A discrepancy exists favoring females over males in nearly all preoperative bone quality assessment metrics. Preoperative vitamin D level and BMD assessment should be considered in patients undergoing long fusion constructs; however, the data for bone anabolic and resorptive agents have less support. Clinical practice guidelines on preoperative bone quality assessment spine patients should be defined.

Level of Evidence: 4
Cabergoline in the Management of Residual Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Batista Rafael L. , Musolino Nina R.C. , Cescato Valter A.S. , da Silva Gilberto O. , Medeiros Raphael S.S. , Herkenhoff Clarissa G.B. , Trarbach Ericka B. , Cunha-Neto Malebranche B. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Complete tumor removal by transsphenoidal surgery is usually difficult for large nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). A validated medical treatment may be useful for their management. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy of the dopaminergic agonist cabergoline for residual NFPA.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
We conducted a randomized, parallel, open-label clinical trial that compared cabergoline with nonintervention in patients with residual NFPA after transsphenoidal surgery over 2 years. The primary outcome was clinical efficacy (tumor reduction). The secondary outcome was the relationship between tumor dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) expression and clinical responsiveness. Tumor measurements and clinical evaluations were performed every 6 months.

Results:
In total, 59 and 57 individuals were randomly assigned to the study and control groups, respectively. At the end of the study, residual tumor shrinkage, stabilization, and enlargement were observed in 28.8%, 66.1%, and 5.1% of patients, respectively, in the medical-therapy group and in 10.5%, 73.7%, and 15.8% of patients, respectively, in the control group (P=0.01). The progression-free survival rate was 23.2 and 20.8 months for the study and control groups, respectively (P=0.01). D2R was not associated with cabergoline responsiveness. No major side effects were related to cabergoline use.

Conclusions:
Cabergoline was an effective drug for treating residual NFPA, and its use was associated with a high rate of tumor shrinkage (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03271918).
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Bisoprolol in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Momčilović Stefan , Milovanović Jasmina R. , Janković Slobodan M. , Jovanović Andriana , Tasić-Otašević Suzana , Stanojević Dragana , Krstić Miroslav , Šalinger-Martinović Sonja , Radojković Danijela Djordjević , Damjanović Miodrag , Živković Milan , Maričić Bojan , Ranković Goran , Mihajlović Aleksandar , Nikolić Valentina N. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
To date, many questions about the extent and cause of pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of even the most widely studied and prescribed β1-adrenergic receptor blockers, such as metoprolol and bisoprolol, remain unanswered. Given that there are still no published population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analyses of bisoprolol in routinely treated patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the aim of this study was to determine its PK variability in 71 Serbian patients with ACS. PopPK analysis was conducted using a nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM), version 7.3.0 (Icon Development Solutions). In each patient, the same formulation of bisoprolol was administered once or twice daily at a total daily dose of 0.625–7.5 mg. We separately assessed the effects of 31 covariates on the PKs of bisoprolol, and our results indicated that only 2 covariates could have possible influence on the variability of the clearance of bisoprolol: the mean daily dose of the drug and smoking habits of patients. These findings suggest that possible autoinduction of drug metabolism by higher total daily doses and induction of cytochrome P450 isoform 3A4 (CYP3A4) by cigarette smoke in liver could be the potential causes of increased total clearance of bisoprolol in patients with ACS.
Comparison of Candesartan and Angiotensin-(1-7) Combination to Mito-TEMPO Treatment for Normalizing Blood Pressure and Sympathovagal Balance in (mREN2)27 Rats
Authors: Nautiyal Manisha , Shaltout Hossam A. , Chappell Mark C. , Diz Debra I. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
Hypertensive transgenic (mRen2)27 rats exhibit impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) for control of heart rate (HR). Intracerebroventricular infusion of Ang-(1-7) improves indices of vagal BRS independent of lowering mean arterial pressure (MAP), whereas AT1 receptor blockade normalizes MAP and indices of sympathetic tone without correcting the vagal BRS. Scavenging cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) with tempol in brain fails to correct either hypertension or sympathovagal balance in these animals, despite reports that mitochondrial ROS contributes to Ang II–infusion hypertension. To examine effects of a putative preferential mitochondrial ROS scavenger in the brain of (mRen2)27 rats, ICV infusions of Mito-TEMPO (3.2 μg/2.5 μL/h) were compared with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF; 2.5 μL/h) and combination AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan (CAN: 4 μg/2.5 μL/h) plus Ang-(1-7) (0.1 μg/2.5 μL/h) treatment. MAP was lower after CAN + Ang-(1-7) treatment, and both vagal and sympathetic components of BRS and sympathovagal balance were improved. By contrast, Mito-TEMPO improved sympathetic components of BRS and tended to improve overall sympathovagal balance but failed to alter MAP in this model of hypertension. Although further studies are required to determine whether Mito-TEMPO or CAN + Ang-(1-7) treatment at the doses used altered mitochondrial ROS, optimal therapeutic benefits are achieved by shifting the balance from Ang II toward Ang-(1-7) in this model of chronic RAS-dependent hypertension.
Pharmacogenetics Biomarkers Predictive of Drug Pharmacodynamics as an Additional Tool to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Haufroid Vincent , Picard Nicolas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
Conventional therapeutic drug monitoring refers to the individualization of drug dosage by maintaining plasma or blood drug concentrations within a targeted therapeutic range. Accordingly, an individualized dose is proposed to the clinician according to the drug plasma or blood concentration using an a posteriori approach. Pharmacogenetics (PGx) has recently emerged as an additional tool to refine dose selection or, more interestingly to select, a priori, the first dose to administer. To date, the vast majority of genes explored in the context of PGx are those coding for metabolizing enzymes or membrane drug transporters, which mainly influence drug pharmacokinetics parameters. Indeed, among the 94 PGx-based drug dosing guidelines currently published by the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium and the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group on PharmGKB web site, 81 (86%) are associated with the genotype determination of either a metabolizing enzyme or a membrane drug transporter, whereas only 13 (14%) are associated with the genotype determination of a pharmacodynamics (PD)-associated gene. In this article, we describe selected PGx biomarkers that predict or could predict PD (both in terms of efficacy and toxicity). First, the most relevant clinical applications already subject to validated international guidelines (Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium and Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group), and ready to be implemented in routine clinical settings, are discussed to illustrate the clinical potential of PD-associated PGx biomarkers (G6PD, HLA-B*57:01, HLA-B*15:02, and VKORC1). Then, to illustrate not only the research potential of such biomarkers but also the complexity of PGx–PD relationships, the case of immunosuppressive drugs (for which conventional therapeutic drug monitoring is widely accepted) is extensively described with the potential to include some of these PGx biomarkers in future PGx dosing guidelines.
Cell-based immunotherapy in gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Schaar Bruce , Krishnan Venkatesh , Tallapragada Supreeti , Chanana Anita , Dorigo Oliver 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
To provide an update on cell-based immunotherapies in solid tumors particularly in gynecological cancers.

Recent findings
Improvements have been made in engineering T cells to overcome the immunosuppressive environment in ovarian cancer. Significant efforts are underway to create ‘off the shelf’ cell therapies which leverage natural killer (NK) cells and would not rely on engineering a patient's T cells.

Summary
Efforts to target solid tumors using cell-based therapies are expanding into cell types other than T cells (NK cells and macrophages) which may have a lower risk of significant side effects and higher efficacy in solid tumors than chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTERIOR SEGMENT OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY, ULTRASOUND BIOMICROSCOPY, AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE CHANGES AFTER PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION BY PASCAL AND CONVENTIONAL LASER
Authors: Lata Suman , Venkatesh Pradeep , Temkar Shreyas , Selvan Harathy , Gupta Viney , Dada Tanuj , Upadhyay Ashish D. , Sihota Ramanjit 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To compare intraocular pressure, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy parameters over 3 months after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) for proliferative diabetic retinopathy after 1 of 2 sittings by conventional laser (half PRP) and a single sitting of Pattern Scan Laser (PASCAL) PRP.

Methods:
This was a prospective, randomized, interventional study. All tests were performed at baseline, and at 1, 6, and 24 hours, and 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after PRP.

Results:
The intraocular pressure at 1 hour and 6 hours after PRP was significantly raised in both groups. Mean intraocular pressure was 21.17 ± 4.01 mmHg after PASCAL and 17.48 ± 3 mmHg after conventional laser at 1 hour, P < 0.001. On anterior segment optical coherence tomography, conventional laser PRP caused a more significant narrowing of angle-opening distance (AOD750) and trabecular-iris space area (TISA 500), P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively, on Day 1. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a significantly narrow angle in both groups on Day 1. A significant increase in ciliary body thickness was observed in both groups, with 57.1% of PASCAL and 100% of conventionally treated eyes showing ciliary effusion on Day 1 that decreased but persisted for the next 3 months.

Conclusion:
Performing PRP in sittings, prescribing previous glaucoma medications in patients at risk, and recording intraocular pressure an hour after the PRP could decrease complications.
A scoping review of Advanced Practice Registered Nurses Consensus Model outcomes: Part four of a four-part series on critical topics identified by the 2015 Nurse Practitioner Research Agenda
Authors: Litchman Michelle L. , Schlepko Thomas , Rowley Tom , McFarland Mary , Fiander Michelle 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and purpose:
The Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN) Consensus Model was produced by the APRN Joint Dialogue Group in 2008. The aim of the Consensus Model is to guide state boards on the implementation of APRN practice components, including licensure, accreditation, certification, and education and to clarify the legal scope of practice and APRN roles. The purpose of this scoping review and gap analysis was to appraise the evidence related to patient, nurse practitioner (NP) and organizational outcomes resulting from the Consensus Model.

Methods:
A scoping review of research studies and grey literature reports was conducted and focused on the outcomes and key concepts related to the Consensus Model. Areas of foci included patients, NPs, and organizations. A subsequent gap analysis was conducted.

Conclusions:
Several positive findings related to the Consensus Model, or components thereof, were identified for patient, NP, and organizational outcomes on various levels. Research gaps exist. Additional research is needed to fully evaluate the health outcomes on a broader scale.

Implications for practice:
Existing evidence may support NPs and supporting organizations to further legislative efforts to more fully implement the Consensus Model nationwide.
Academic nursing scholarship redefined
Authors: Hartjes Tonja M. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) last defined academic nursing scholarship in 1999. The AACN recognized faculty scholarship must align with the increasingly complex and dynamic health care environment to prepare nurses for an ever-changing future. The new, broader definition recognizes multiple ways of knowing and values all scholarly contributions, which affect nursing science and the health care system. The alignment of faculty scholarship to the practice of nursing will ensure high-quality education, influencing the next generation of nurses. This new position statement also provides clarity as to valued activities within the faculty role, which will assist administrative faculty who struggle with appointment, tenure, and promotion criteria. This column will provide a summary of the new position statement and exemplars of activities within the faculty role of research, practice, and teaching.
Genetics of Usher Syndrome: New Insights From a Meta-analysis
Authors: Jouret Guillaume , Poirsier Céline , Spodenkiewicz Marta , Jaquin Clémence , Gouy Evan , Arndt Carl , Labrousse Marc , Gaillard Dominique , Doco-Fenzy Martine , Lebre Anne-Sophie 
Published: December 2018

Objective:
To describe the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of Usher syndrome after 6 years of studies by next-generation sequencing, and propose an up-to-date classification of Usher genes in patients with both visual and hearing impairments suggesting Usher syndrome, and in patients with seemingly isolated deafness.

Study Design:
The systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was based on Cochrane and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed 1) a meta-analysis of data from 11 next-generation sequencing studies in 684 patients with Usher syndrome; 2) a meta-analysis of data from 21 next-generation studies in 2,476 patients with seemingly isolated deafness, to assess the involvement of Usher genes in seemingly nonsyndromic hearing loss, and thus the proportion of patients at high risk of subsequent retinitis pigmentosa (RP); 3) a statistical analysis of differences between parts 1) and 2).

Results:
In patients with both visual and hearing impairments, the biallelic disease-causing mutation rate was assessed for each Usher gene to propose a classification by frequency: USH2A: 50% (341/684) of patients, MYO7A: 21% (144/684), CDH23: 6% (39/684), ADGRV1: 5% (35/684), PCDH15: 3% (21/684), USH1C: 2% (17/684), CLRN1: 2% (14/684), USH1G: 1% (9/684), WHRN: 0.4% (3/684), PDZD7 0.1% (1/684), CIB2 (0/684). In patients with seemingly isolated sensorineural deafness, 7.5% had disease-causing mutations in Usher genes, and are therefore at high risk of developing RP. These new findings provide evidence that usherome dysfunction is the second cause of genetic sensorineural hearing loss after connexin dysfunction.

Conclusion:
These results promote generalization of early molecular screening for Usher syndrome in deaf children.
Patients’ Online Perception and Ratings of Neurotologists
Authors: Goshtasbi Khodayar , Lehrich Brandon M. , Moshtaghi Omid , Abouzari Mehdi , Sahyouni Ronald , Bagheri Kian , Moshtaghi Afsheen , Tajran Sarah D. , Lee Lauren , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives:
To assess and characterize patients’ online ratings and comments of neurotologists and determine factors that correlate with higher ratings.

Methods:
All the American Neurotology Society members were queried on Healthgrades, Vitals, RateMDs, Yelp, and Google from March to June 2018. All ratings were normalized for comparison on a five-point Likert scale. All comments were categorized based on context and for positive/negative aspect.

Results:
Of the 560 American Neurotology Society members, 465 (83%) were rated on at least one online platform. Of those rated, 420 (90%) were on Healthgrades, 392 (84%) on Vitals, 283 (61%) on RateMDs, 232 (50%) on Google, and 56 (12%) on Yelp. Across all platforms, the average overall rating was 4.06 ± 0.68 (range: 1.00–5.00). There were significant positive correlations between overall rating and specific ratings (p < 0.01) on individual topics. Moreover, categorizing 5,317 narrative comments elicited the majority to be related to perceived physician bedside manner and clinical outcome. Although the number of positive comments outnumbered the negative ones, only the negative comments correlated (negatively) with the overall score (p < 0.01). Attending a top 25- or 50-medical schools or residency programs did not correlate with their rating.

Conclusions:
Online ratings and comments for neurotologists are highly dependent on patient perceptions of physician competence, caring bedside manner, and office management. Minimizing the number of negative comments, especially regarding perceived physicians’ professionalism and communication, clinical outcome, bedside manners, and office management, leads to higher calculated overall scores and online perception.
Complementary and integrative medicine in kidney transplantation
Authors: Tafaj-Reddy Olta , Brar Amarpali , Markell Mariana S. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
Complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) use is widely prevalent in kidney transplant recipients but studies of efficacy or potential harm are sparse. This review examines prevalence of use of CIM and discusses potential beneficial and harmful aspects of CIM in renal transplant recipients.

Recent findings
The prevalence of CIM use in kidney transplant patients varies from 12 to 45%. There is a knowledge gap regarding CIM modalities among healthcare professionals that may contribute to reluctance to discuss CIM use with patients. Patients often do not spontaneously disclose its use, and those that use it may be more likely to be nonadherent to allopathic therapies. Herbal supplements may be nephrotoxic or interact with pharmaceutical agents, including calcineurin inhibitors. More data are needed to assess the potential benefits of other modalities of CIM, including yoga, Tai Chi or meditation, as these modalities have been beneficial for people with diabetes or hypertension, both of which are common in the posttransplant period.

Summary
Despite a high prevalence of CIM use in kidney transplant recipients, data are limited regarding risks and benefits. Education of healthcare providers who care for kidney transplant recipients should be encouraged. Intervention studies should be designed to investigate the CIM modalities, including yoga, meditation and Tai Chi that have been shown to be beneficial in other chronic diseases.
Hypertriglyceridemia-Associated Drug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Elkhouly Mohamed A. , Salazar Miguel Jose , Simons-Linares Carlos Roberto 
Published: December 2018

Objectives
The aim of our study was to investigate the cases of drug-induced acute pancreatitis (DIAP) with hypertriglyceridemia as the mechanism of injury.

Methods
A MEDLINE search (1963–2018) of the English language literature was performed looking for all human case reports of adults (>18 years old) with hypertriglyceridemia as the mechanism of DIAP. The latest search date was February 28, 2018. Drugs were classified into probability groups based on a classification used by Badalov et al (Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:648–661).

Results
The search revealed a total of 76 cases in 59 published reports. A total of 25 medications were found to be implicated in DIAP secondary to hypertriglyceridemia mechanism. Most of acute pancreatitis cases were mild or moderately severe with favorable outcomes. In 3 cases involving tamoxifen, pagaspargase, and quetiapine, patient death was the outcome. Plasmapheresis was only used in 9 cases in an effort to decrease triglyceride levels.

Conclusions
Hypertriglyceridemia-associated DIAP is a rare phenomenon, and the current systematic review provides a summary of drugs that have been implicated in this phenomenon, which allow physicians to be oriented about this adverse effect when these drugs are used.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection and Other Conditions in Children
Authors: Davidovics Zev H. , Michail Sonia , Nicholson Maribeth R. , Kociolek Larry K. , Pai Nikhil , Hansen Richard , Schwerd Tobias , Maspons Aldo , Shamir Raanan , Szajewska Hania , Thapar Nikhil , de Meij Tim , Mosca Alexis , Vandenplas Yvan , Kahn Stacy A. , Kellermayer Richard ,   FMT Special Interest Group of the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology, Nutrition, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology, Nutrition
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming part of the treatment algorithms against recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) both in adult and pediatric gastroenterology practice. With our increasing recognition of the critical role the microbiome plays in human health and disease, FMT is also being considered as a potential therapy for other disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis), graft versus host disease, neuropsychiatric diseases, and metabolic syndrome. Controlled trials with FMT for rCDI have not been performed in children, and numerous clinical and regulatory considerations have to be considered when using this untraditional therapy. This report is intended to provide guidance for FMT in the treatment of rCDI in pediatric patients.