bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Hausdorff dimension and Cantor set structure of sliding Shilnikov invariant sets
Authors: Cunha Matheus G C , Novaes Douglas D , Ponce Gabriel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The concept of sliding Shilnikov connection has been recently introduced and represents an important notion in Filippov systems, because its existence implies chaotic behavior on an invariant subset of the system. The investigation of its properties has just begun, and understanding the topology and complexity of its invariant set is of interest. In this paper, we conduct a local analysis on the first return map associated to a sliding Shilnikov connection, which reveals a conformal iterated function system (CIFS) structure. By using the theory of CIFS, we estimate the Hausdorff dimension of the local invariant set of the first return map, showing, in particular, that is a positive number smaller than 1, and with one-dimensional Lebesgue measure equal to zero. Moreover, we prove that the closure of the local invariant set is a Cantor set and retains both the Hausdorff dimension and Lebesgue measure of the local invariant set. Furthermore, this closure consists of the local invariant set along with the set of all pre-images, under the first return map, of the visible fold-regular point contained in the connection.
A first-principle study on the band structure of GePb alloys
Authors: Xia Shilong , Yu Jiulong , Wang Jinghang , Huang Wei , Wen Yuhua , Li Cheng , Li Jun , Chen SongYan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Single crystal GePb alloys have been considered as potential direct bandgap materials for optoelectronics application. In this work, density-functional theory calculations were performed to investigate the crystalline and electronic structures of the GePb alloys. The lattice constants of the unstrained GePb alloys are found positively deviating from Vegard’s law with a bowing coefficient of 0.587 Å. GePb has a higher Poisson’s ratios than GeSn with a similar alloying concentration. With the increasing Pb concentration x in Ge1−x
Pb
x
, a new alloying energy level brought by Pb appears at the bottom of the conduction band and continuously decreases. The new energy level is constructed to a new valley as compared to the initial Γ valley and the new energy level is acquiring its higher spectra weights with increasing Pb concentration. An indirect-to-direct bandgap transition occurs with a Pb concentration of 3.3%. The effective masses of holes and electrons in the GePb Γ valley are calculated to decrease with the increasing Pb concentration, while the effective masses of the electrons in the L valley only change slightly. The small effective masses of the electrons in the Γ valley are favorable for high-speed GePb device application.
Theoretical investigation to study the influence of strain on the band lineups of core/shell nanostructures
Authors: Paul Payal , Chattopadhyay Saikat , Biswas Joydeep , Kabi Sanjib 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A class of quantum dots (QD) known as core–shell quantum dots (CSQDs) where a lower band gap material is enclosed by a higher band gap material, are highly confined nanoparticles, that project altered properties like enhanced carrier confinement, stability, and reduced recombination. The strain generated, due to the formation of a heterojunction-like structure near the CSQD boundary, has a direct impact on its opto-electronic properties by altering the band positions of the materials. In this work, we aimed to understand the impact of strain generated near such heterojunction due to the presence of two different materials as core and shell on its optical band lineup to comprehend the observed enhanced optical properties of such structures. Here, we have assumed a general model comprising ZnTe core surrounded by a ZnSe shell. Initially, to start, the CSQD structure was considered with a core size of 3 nm and a shell of 1.2 nm. A crossover from type-I to type-II in optical band line up was observed with an increase in shell thickness. The estimated value of the highest conduction band offset ∼60% was obtained for a shell width of 1.2 nm, i.e. the unstrained state, while the largest valence band offset ∼100% was obtained for the shell width of 1 nm.
Multi-station Meteor Monitoring (M3) System. II. System Upgrade and a Pathfinder Network
Authors: Li Zhenye , Zou Hu , Liu Jifeng , Ma Jun , Meng Qingyu , Cai Yingjie , Zhao Xinlin , Li Xue , Tu Zhijun , Zhang Bowen , Wang Rui , Wang Shaohan , Feng Lu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Meteors are important phenomena reflecting many properties of interplanetary dust particles. The study of their origin, mass distribution, and orbit evolution requires a large data volume, which can only be obtained using large meteor networks. After meteor networks in Europe and America, we present our designs and upgrades of a proposed network in China. The new designs are mainly aimed at facilitating the data gathering process. Each of the newly designed meteor stations can now support up to four cameras to cover the full sky. A newer version of the meteor station software now works as an integral system, which can streamline the process of detecting, measuring, and uploading meteors. We have built a meteor data platform to store, process, and display the meteor data automatically. The software and data platform are designed to be easy to learn and use, so they can attract more people to join and operate meteor stations. Four stations are installed as the first phase of the network, and during the operation, in 10 months, the network detected 8683 orbits; we find that half of the orbits can be related to established meteoroid streams. The statistical analysis of sporadic meteoroids shows a bimodal distribution of the velocities, which coincides with previous studies. The distribution of Tisserand parameters, T

j
, shows the two peaks at T

j
= 0 and 3, indicating the different orbits of parent bodies (isotropic and ecliptic), which are divided by T

j
= 2. The falling trajectory of a meteorite was also predicted using the observational data of the network. We are currently expanding the network, and in the future, we will carry out a detailed analysis of the key parameters of the distribution of the meteoroids.
Electronic band structures of topological kagome materials
Authors: Li 李 Man 满 , Ma 马 Huan 欢 , Lou 娄 Rui 睿 , Wang 王 Shancai 善才 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The kagome lattice has garnered significant attention due to its ability to host quantum spin Fermi liquid states. Recently, the combination of unique lattice geometry, electron–electron correlations, and adjustable magnetism in solid kagome materials has led to the discovery of numerous fascinating quantum properties. These include unconventional superconductivity, charge and spin density waves (CDW/SDW), pair density waves (PDW), and Chern insulator phases. These emergent states are closely associated with the distinctive characteristics of the kagome lattice’s electronic structure, such as van Hove singularities, Dirac fermions, and flat bands, which can exhibit exotic quasi-particle excitations under different symmetries and magnetic conditions. Recently, various quantum kagome materials have been developed, typically consisting of kagome layers stacked along the z-axis with atoms either filling the geometric centers of the kagome lattice or embedded between the layers. In this topical review, we begin by introducing the fundamental properties of several kagome materials. To gain an in-depth understanding of the relationship between topology and correlation, we then discuss the complex phenomena observed in these systems. These include the simplest kagome metal T
3
X, kagome intercalation metal TX, and the ternary compounds AT
6
X
6 and RT
3
X
5 (A = Li, Mg, Ca, or rare earth; T = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni; X = Sn, Ge; R = K, Rb, Cs). Finally, we provide a perspective on future experimental work in this field.
Gyrokinetic simulation of the interplay between ion temperature gradient turbulence and reversed shear Alfvén Eigenmodes
Authors: Yang Yuheng , Ye Lei , Chen Yang , Xiang Nong , Sun Youwen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation, which incorporates both the reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode (RSAE) and the ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence, has been performed using the electromagnetic gyrokinetic Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code GEM. Strong nonlinear wave coupling and energy transfer between RSAE and ITG turbulence have been observed. Specific analyses show that the n = 4 Alfvén eigenmode primarily interacts with the ITG harmonics with long wavelength (

n
⩽
16

). It is found that a background ITG turbulence can suppress the saturation level of RSAE and change the energetic particle transport. The frequency up-shift of RSAE and the frequency modulation on ITG components by RSAE are also observed. The impacts of the initial condition on the RSAE-ITG turbulence simulation are also discussed.
Direct and semi-direct aerosol effects on the scaling of extreme sub-daily precipitation over East China
Authors: Li Shuping , Su Tao , Xiang Ruolan , Schär Christoph 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aerosols can alter atmospheric stability through radiative forcing, thereby changing mean and daily extreme precipitation on regional scales. However, it is unclear how extreme sub-daily precipitation responds to aerosol radiative effects. In this study, we use the regional climate model (RCM) Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) to perform convection-permitting climate simulations at a kilometer-scale (0.04°/~4.4 km) resolution for the period 2001–2010. By evaluating against the observed hourly precipitation-gauge data, the COSMO model with explicit deep convection can effectively reproduce sub-daily and daily extreme precipitation events, as well as diurnal cycles of summer mean precipitation and wet hour frequency. Moreover, aerosol sensitivity simulations are conducted with sulfate and black carbon aerosol perturbations to assess the direct and semi-direct aerosol effects on extreme sub-daily precipitation in the COSMO model. The destabilizing effects associated with decreased sulfate aerosols intensify extreme sub-daily precipitation, while increased sulfate aerosols tend to induce an opposite change. In contrast, the response of extreme sub-daily precipitation to black carbon aerosol perturbations exhibits a nonlinear behavior and potentially relies on geographical location. Overall, the scaling rates of extreme precipitation intensities decrease and approach the Clausius–Clapeyron rate from hourly to daily time scales, and the responses to sulfate and black carbon aerosols vary with precipitation durations. This study improves the understanding of aerosol radiative effects on sub-daily extreme precipitation events in RCMs.
Roadmap for Schottky barrier transistors
Authors: Bestelink Eva , Galderisi Giulio , Golec Patryk , Han Yi , Iniguez Benjamin , Kloes Alexander , Knoch Joachim , Matsui Hiroyuki , Mikolajick Thomas , Niang Kham M , Richstein Benjamin , Schwarz Mike , Sistani Masiar , Sporea Radu A , Trommer Jens , Weber Walter M , Zhao Qing-Tai , Calvet Laurie E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this roadmap we consider the status and challenges of technologies that use the properties of a rectifying metal-semiconductor interface, known as a Schottky barrier (SB), as an asset for device functionality. We discuss source gated transistors, which allow for excellent electronic characteristics for low power, low frequency environmentally friendly circuits. We also consider reconfigurable field effect transistors. In such devices, two or more independent gate electrodes can be used to program different functionalities at the device level, enabling ultra-secure embedded devices. Both types of transistors can be used for neuromorphic systems, notably by combining them with ferroelectric SB transistors which enable a large number of analog states. At cryogenic temperatures SB transistors can advantageously serve for the control electronics in quantum computing devices. If the source/drain of the metallic contact becomes superconducting, Josephson junctions with a tunable phase can be realized for scalable quantum computing applications. Developing applications using SB devices requires physics-based and compact models that can be used for circuit simulations, which are also discussed. The roadmap reveals that the main challenges for these technologies are improving processing, access to industrial technologies and modeling tools for circuit simulations.
Habitat assessment, population characteristics, and conservation recommendations for Nepali paper plant, Daphne bholua: ensuring the future of handmade paper production in Nepal’s Central Himalayas
Authors: Jnawali Bikram , Ojascastro James , Neupane Ajay , Nepal Shristhi , Hart Robbie , Ghimire Suresh Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Daphne bholua Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don (Thymelaeaceae) is a woody shrub native to the temperate forests of the Himalaya. Since the 12th century, the bark of D. bholua has been used as a raw material for handmade paper in Nepal, and employed for value-added products, including government documents, and religious texts. However, unsustainable commercial harvesting now threatens this centuries-old artisanal tradition. To inform and improve the conservation of this important species, we evaluated its habitat characteristics, size class distribution, and regeneration status along an elevation gradient (1900–2500 m) in Madane Mountain, central Nepal. We established 108 plots (5 m× 5 m) at three sites, each with three canopy types: closed, semi-closed, and open. We analyzed habitat characteristics, considering variations in physical and topographic variables and patterns of associated species in different elevation sites. D. bholua exhibited the highest mean density at higher elevations with minimal disturbance, whereas the lowest elevation site, experienced greater human disturbance, with the lowest density. Furthermore, the population structure displayed a ‘reverse J-shaped’ curve, suggesting favorable conditions for natural recruitment and regeneration. Our research findings also indicate that D. bholua populations thrive in semi-closed forest canopies, particularly when associated with Rhododendron arboreum, Quercus semecarpifolia, and Sarcococca coriacea. The outcomes may hold significant value for policymakers, conservationists, harvesters, paper manufacturers, and regulatory bodies aiding in development of environmentally sound conservation programs tailored to various elevations. Our key recommendation may appear surprising: we advise establishing a small, meticulously managed hand papermaking industry in the villages linked to Madane and nearby areas. This initiative would generate supplemental income and produce a culturally valuable and economically marketable product.
Modular strategy with autologous bioreactor: a potential way for organ engineering
Authors: Bai Qingfeng , Tang Hai , Chen Yi , Pan Ziyin , Lin Weikang , Wang Lei , Hu Yulong , Xu Boyu , Yang Minglei , Zhao Guofang , Sun Weiyan , He Yong , Chen Chang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bioengineered organs have been seen as a promising strategy to address the shortage of transplantable organs. However, it is still difficult to achieve heterogeneous structures and complex functions similar to natural organs using current bioengineering techniques. This work introduces the methods and dilemmas in organ engineering and existing challenges. Furthermore, a new roadmap for organ engineering, which uses a modular strategy with autologous bioreactors to create organ-level bioengineered constructions, is summarized based on the latest research advances. In brief, different functional modules of natural organs are constructed in vitro, and autologous bioreactors in vivo are utilized to facilitate inter-module assembly to form a complete bioengineered organ capable of replacing natural organ functions. There are bioengineered organs, such as biomimetic tracheas, which have been successfully fabricated following this roadmap. This new roadmap for organ engineering shows prospects in addressing the shortage of transplantable organs and has broad prospects for clinical applications.
Strength characteristics of steel fiber reinforced concrete with sugarcane bagasse ash and wood ash
Authors: S Raghuram , Manoharan Madhanagopal , V Gayathri , C Rajendra Thilahar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fibre-reinforced concrete is an ancient technique that involves adding natural or synthetic materials to control deformations and cracking during service. Additionally, the use of agricultural waste materials like sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), rice husk ash, wood ash (WA), and sawdust, as well as industrial by-products such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, and copper slag, has been widely researched as substitutes for traditional binder materials. In line with these studies, an investigation was conducted to explore the surface profile and strength characteristics of steel-fibre reinforced concrete. Percentage Replacement of Steel Fiber (PRSF) by the concrete volume, along with the binder material, was partially replaced with WA and SBA. The concrete samples were cast for M20 grade, and the binder was replaced by 5% of SBA and partial replacement of WA by 5%, 10%, and 15% for cement. From the outcomes, the most desirable percentage recommended was 2% steel-fibre by volume of concrete, 5% replacement of SBA, and 10% replacement of WA by cement, which shows a reasonable amount of increase in the strength of concrete with a maximum of 28 curing days. Also, surface morphological studies of composites were studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), by which the bonding property and performance of concrete show a considerable increase in the strength of the composites.
Spatio-temporal evolution of cultural heritage and its response to the geographical environment: a case study of Fujian Province
Authors: Lin Qingshu , Hou Peixu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As a significant carrier of human civilization, the protection and revitalization of cultural heritage are crucial for promoting cultural transmission and economic development. This study focuses on 167 national key cultural relic protection units in Fujian Province. By comprehensively utilizing GIS technology, spatial analysis models, and geographic detectors, the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and geographic response mechanisms of cultural heritage in Fujian Province were thoroughly analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) there are significant regional differences in the spatial distribution of cultural heritage in Fujian Province, with a high concentration in coastal areas and around the provincial capital, featuring diverse types, especially ancient buildings; (2) the distribution of cultural heritage has shown a trend of expansion from the central region to the southeastern coast and then to the southwest over historical development; (3) natural environmental factors, particularly rivers, temperature, and elevation, have a significant impact on the distribution of cultural heritage, while the direct impact of economic environmental factors is relatively minor. However, social environmental factors, such as the urbanization rate, play a certain role. This study aims to provide decision support for the scientific protection and management of cultural heritage in Fujian Province and promote the sustainable development of the regional tourism industry.
Decreased northern hemisphere precipitation from consecutive CO2 doublings is associated with significant AMOC weakening
Authors: Zhang X , Waugh D W , Mitevski I , Orbe C , Polvani L M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Previous studies found many climate properties such as northern hemisphere (NH) surface temperature and precipitation respond non-monotonically when CO2 is increased from 1× to 8×CO2 relative to pre-industrial levels. Here, we explore the robustness of the non-monotonicity in the NH precipitation response in 11 coupled climate models. Eight models show a decrease in NH precipitation under repeated CO2 doubling, indicating that the non-monotonic response is a common but not universal result. Although common, the critical CO2 level where the NH precipitation decrease first occurs differs widely across models, ranging from 2×CO2 to 8×CO2. These models also show a prominent weakening in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at the same critical CO2 level, with the AMOC weakening leading the precipitation decrease. The sensitivities of NH precipitation and the AMOC to CO2 doublings are positively correlated, especially when the AMOC weakens beyond 10 Sv. This suggests that the differences in models’ AMOC response can explain their contrasting NH precipitation responses, where models with a large AMOC weakening have decreased NH precipitation. Regionally, this decrease in NH precipitation is the most prominent over the North Atlantic, Europe and the tropical Pacific. Our results suggest that special care must be taken with the use of pattern scaling to inform regional climate decision-making.
Tundra fires and surface subsidence increase spectral diversity on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska
Authors: Anderson D P , Michaelides R J , Chen W , Frost G V , Macander M J , Lara M J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tundra fires can dramatically influence plant species cover and abundance, organic layer depth, and the magnitude of seasonal permafrost thaw. However, knowledge of the impact of wildfire on short and long-term interactions between vegetation and permafrost thaw remains limited. Here, we evaluate the spatial and temporal interactions between wildfire disturbance and surface subsidence on a remotely derived proxy for species diversity (i.e. spectral diversity (SD)) of 16 fire scars within the Izaviknek and Kingaglia uplands of southwestern Alaska’s Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta with burn dates between 1971 and 2015. SD was calculated as the sum of squared spectral variance of pixel spectra from the mean spectra, within a plant community (analogous to alpha diversity), between plant communities (beta diversity), and across terrain composed of a mosaic of communities (gamma diversity). Surface subsidence was calculated from spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar data from Sentinel-1. Results indicate the burn scars had consistently lower total gamma diversity and greater rates of subsidence than paired unburned reference areas, where both gamma diversity (R
2 = 0.74, p < 0.001) and relative subsidence (R
2 = 0.86, p < 0.001) decreased with the time since burn. Compared to older burn scars, young scars had higher gamma spectral diversities (0.013 and 0.005) and greater subsidence rates (−0.097 cm day−1 and −0.053 cm day−1). Communities subsiding at higher rates had higher gamma diversities (R
2 = 0.81, p < 0.001). Results indicate that rates of post-fire vegetation succession are amplified by the thickening of active layers and surface subsidence that increases both spectral and species diversity over 15 years following fire. These results support the idea that SD may be used as a remotely sensed analog of species diversity, used to advance knowledge of the trajectories of plant community change in response to interacting arctic disturbance regimes.