bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effets d’un entraînement à l’écoute dans le bruit chez des enfants de 8 à 12 ans dyslexiques ayant un trouble du traitement auditif. Données pilotes
Authors: Alibert Benkhanouche Léa , Veuillet Évelyne , Attina Virginie , Reynard Pierre , Jutras Benoît , Thai-Van Hung 
Published: November 2018

Objectif : La présente étude vise à établir les bénéfi ces d’un entraînement auditif dans le bruit chez des enfants présentant un trouble
du traitement auditif (TTA) et un trouble spécifi que du langage écrit.
Méthodologie : Quatre enfants présentant un TTA et une dyslexie ont participé à cette étude. Une première période de cinq semaines
sans entraînement a été respectée. Puis chaque enfant a effectué un entraînement auditif à l’écoute dans le bruit durant cinq semaines,
à raison d’au moins deux heures par semaine en séances de vingt minutes minimum. Les enfants ont été amenés à discriminer puis à
identifi er des mots mais aussi des phrases et des textes dans un bruit de fond variable en fonction de leurs progrès. Une mesure des
potentiels évoqués auditifs de latence longue, de l’écoute de mots dans le bruit, de l’écoute dichotique de chiffres et de la conscience
phonologique a été réalisée à trois moments : avant la période sans entraînement puis avant et après l’entraînement afi n d’identifi er
les effets de celui-ci. Les parents et les enfants ont rempli un questionnaire relatif à l’écoute en classe à ces trois moments.
Résultats : Les résultats mettent en évidence une évolution dans plusieurs domaines. Tout d’abord, les réponses au questionnaire suggèrent
une amélioration de l’écoute dans des situations d’écoute défavorables. Ensuite, l’observation des données témoigne d’une amélioration de
l’identifi cation des mots dans le bruit pour l’oreille droite, une augmentation de la capacité d’écoute dichotique pour l’oreille gauche et de
meilleurs résultats en conscience phonologique. Enfi n, les mesures électrophysiologiques révèlent une diminution de la latence de l’onde P1.
Das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma im Säuglings- und Kindesalter
Authors: Brentrup Angela , Schipmann Stephanie 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) stellt ein signifikantes medizinisches, soziales und ökonomisches Problem dar und gilt als der häufigste Grund für Behinderungen und Todesfälle im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Die Verletzungsursachen hängen bei Kindern deutlich von der Altersgruppe ab. Unterschieden wird zwischen leichtem, mittelschwerem und schwerem SHT. Die Behandlung eines schweren SHTs sollte stets in Zentren erfolgen und durch die Neurochirurgie begleitet werden. Die Wahl der bildgebenden Diagnostik richtet sich nach Alter, Traumamechanismus und klinischem Befund, in der Regel bleibt in der Primärdiagnostik das CT die Methode der Wahl bei schwerem SHT. Der Schweregrad des SHTs und der klinische Status des Kindes beeinflussen die weitere Therapie (operativ/konservativ). Nach der akuten Phase der Behandlung des SHTs sollte sich eine neurologische Rehabilitationsmaßnahme anschließen, ausdrücklich bei fortbestehenden körperlichen oder geistlichen Funktionseinschränkungen. Zu beachten ist jedoch, dass neuropsychologische Störungen sich auch noch häufig bis zu 2 Jahren posttraumatisch manifestieren können.
A Total Knee Arthroplasty Is Stiffer When the Intraoperative Tibial Force Is Greater than the Native Knee
Authors: Shelton Trevor J. , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe hypothesized that a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with an intraoperative tibial force greater than the tibial force of the native knee has signs of stiffness as measured by loss of extension and flexion, and anterior translation of the tibia. Intraoperative forces in the medial and lateral tibial compartments were measured during passive motion in 71 patients treated with calipered kinematically aligned TKA. Maximum extension, flexion, and the anterior–posterior position of the tibia with respect to the distal femur at 90 degrees of flexion were measured. Measurements were repeated after exchanging to a 2 mm thicker insert. The sum of the average of the medial and lateral compartment forces at 0, 45, and 90 degrees of flexion represented the tibial force through a 90-degree motion arc. For the implanted insert, the tibial force averaged 28 ± 17 lb, which is comparable to the 20 ± 7 lb reported for the native knee. At 6 months, patients reported an average 40 point Oxford Knee and 15 point Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) score. For the 2 mm thicker insert, the tibial force averaged 50 ± 28 lb. A 30 lb tibial force greater than native generated a 3-degree loss of extension, a 3-degree loss of flexion, and 3-mm anterior translation of the tibia. Because a TKA with a tibial force greater than native has signs of stiffness, a strategy for lowering this risk is to match the tibial force of the native knee when balancing a TKA as this restored high function.
Tablet interpreting
Authors: Goldsmith Joshua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis pilot study examines the recent phenomenon of tablet interpreting. Based on in-depth interviews with six practitioners, which were transcribed and analyzed inductively, the article presents an overview of software, tools, and technology that interpreters currently utilize in their work. Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate regular, effective tablet use in various consecutive interpreting settings. Participants feel that these tools meet their needs and outstrip the functionalities offered by pen and paper in most contexts. This study compiles best practices for tablet interpreting, discusses their benefits and challenges, and describes features to consider when assessing new and existing tablets, applications, and styluses. The data underscore the need for training in this budding field, which represents a key area for future research and professional practice.
Interpreter traits and the relationship with technology and visibility
Authors: Mellinger Christopher D. , Hanson Thomas A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResearch on technology and interpreting regularly investigates technology-mediated interpreting settings and contrasts various interpreting configurations to better understand how technology changes the interpreting task. This scholarship generally does not account for various personality or character attributes exhibited by interpreters, nor does it examine the actual adoption and usage of these tools. This article presents findings from a survey-based study that examines several interpreter-specific constructs, namely their self-perception of the interpreter’s role and communication apprehension, in conjunction with attitudes toward technology use and adoption. Findings suggest that community interpreters differ from their conference interpreting counterparts and that domain-specific differences emerge between medical and court interpreters with respect to their perceived role and their propensity to adopt new technologies.
Video-mediated interpreting in legal settings in England
Authors: Braun Sabine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe increasing use of videoconferencing technology in legal proceedings has led to different configurations of video-mediated interpreting (VMI). Few studies have explored interpreter perceptions of VMI, each focusing on one country, configuration (e.g., interpreter-assisted video links between courts and remote participants) and setting (e.g., immigration). The present study is the first that draws on multiple data sets, countries, settings and configurations to investigate interpreter perceptions of VMI. It compares perceptions in England with other countries, covering common configurations (e.g., court-prison video links, links to remote interpreters) and settings (e.g., police, court, immigration), and considers the sociopolitical context in which VMI has emerged. The aim is to gain systematic insights into factors shaping the interpreters’ perceptions as a step toward improving VMI.
Students’ views on the use of film-basedLangPerformcomputer simulations for dialogue interpreting
Authors: Viljanmaa Anu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article describes the results of the pilot testing phase of the firstLangPerformdialogue interpreting simulations, which replicated authentic communication situations in a Finnish daycare center and consisted of interpreting and sight translation tasks. Five students with German and three with English as their B-language participated in the pilot testing. Afterwards, they were interviewed about their experience and thoughts about the simulations. They were positively surprised by the authenticity of the simulation and regarded the simulation as an excellent additional training method for self-training and self-evaluation. Negative feedback that drew away from authenticity mainly concerned the predetermined time reserved for interpreting, which resulted in there sometimes being long pauses or, on several occasions, not enough time to interpret.
Moses, time, and crisis translation
Authors: Federici Federico M. , Al Sharou Khetam 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Training translators to react to sudden emergencies is a challenge. This article presents the results of a training experiment
testing the speed of acquisition of the skills necessary to operate the open-source Moses statistical machine translation (SMT)
system. A task-based approach was used with trainee translators who had no experience working with MT technology. The experiment
is a feasibility study to ascertain whether training on Moses SMT could be considered for long-lasting crisis scenarios. The
article reports its findings in four sections. The first section discusses the research context in which ‘crisis translation’ is
defined; the second section illustrates the rationale of the experiment; the third section looks at the results of the training
experiment; and the fourth at the trainees’ perceptions of their learning processes. The conclusion reflects on the viability of
using Moses and on the next phases needed to refine the findings of this first experiment.
Does transgenic food production affect world food prices?
Authors: Brankov T. , Lovre K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter considers in detail the question of whether transgenic food production affects world food prices. Sections examine: the long-term trends in international prices; the effects of increased Asian demand on food prices; the relationship between US ethanol production and maize prices; the effects of transgenic maize and soyabean adoption on production costs and food prices; and the effects of transgenic technology on food prices in the least-developed countries. It is indicated that transgenic technology, primarily through increased seed costs, has contributed to rising food prices which disproportionately affects underdeveloped countries and poorer population categories.
Physical Therapist Student Readiness for Entrance Into the First Full-Time Clinical Experience: A Delphi Study
Authors: Timmerberg Jean F , Dole Robin , Silberman Nicki , Goffar Stephen L , Mathur Divya , Miller Amy , Murray Leigh , Pelletier Deborah , Simpson Michael S , Stolfi Angela , Thompson Anne , Utzman Ralph 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo consistently prepare physical therapist students for their first full-time clinical experience, the entry-level curriculum must provide and assess competency in the essential knowledge, skills, attitudes, and professional behaviors.ObjectiveThe purpose of this Delphi study was to develop consensus on a core set of elements that should be demonstrated by physical therapist students prior to entry into their first full-time clinical experience. A second aim was to obtain the recommended competency levels and assessment methods.DesignThe study was conducted using the Delphi method.MethodsPurposive selection and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit clinical instructors, recent graduates, directors or academic coordinators of clinical education, and academic faculty. Four web-based survey rounds were used to achieve consensus, defined as agreement among ≥80% of respondents. The first round gathered demographic information on respondents and identified elements that were deemed essential; the second collected information about clarity and redundancy in the elements provided; the third asked participants to rank their agreement with elements and themes; and the fourth gathered the level of competency that physical therapist students should demonstrate prior to beginning a first full-time clinical experience.ResultsConsensus revealed 95 elements, categorized under 14 themes, which were deemed essential for readiness for the first clinical experience. Levels of competency for each element were identified.LimitationsParticipants might not have represented all academic programs, practice settings, and geographic locations.ConclusionThis study identified the specific knowledge, skills, attitudes, and professional behaviors in which all physical therapist students in the United States need to demonstrate competency before their first clinical experience, regardless of school or setting, which would allow learning experiences to be tailored appropriately.
Escalating Opioid Dose Is Associated With Mortality: A Comparison of Patients With and Without Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Hser Yih-Ing , Saxon Andrew J. , Mooney Larissa J. , Miotto Karen , Zhu Yuhui , Yoo Caroline K. , Liang Di , Huang David , Bell Douglas S. 
Published: November 2018

Objective:
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) are intended to help reduce prescription drug misuse and opioid overdose, yet little is known about the longitudinal patterns of opioid prescribing that may be associated with mortality. This study investigated longitudinal opioid prescribing patterns among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and without OUD in relation to mortality using PDMP data.

Methods:
Growth modeling was used to examine opioid prescription data from the California PDMP for a 4-year period before death or a comparable period ending in 2014 for those remaining from a sample of 7728 patients (2576 with OUD, and 5152 matched non-OUD controls) treated in a large healthcare system.

Results:
Compared to controls, individuals with OUD (alive and deceased) had received significantly more opioid prescriptions, greater number of days’ supply, and steeper increases of opioid dosages over time. For morphine equivalents (ME, in grams), the interaction of OUD and mortality was significant at both intercept (β = 10.4, SE = 4.4, P < 0.05) and slope (β = 6.0, SE = 1.1, P < 0.001); deceased OUD patients demonstrated the sharpest increase (ie, an average yearly increment of 7.84 grams over alive patients without OUD) and ended with the highest level of opioids prescribed before they died (ie, 20.2 grams higher). Older age, public health insurance, cancer, and chronic pain were associated with higher number and dose of opioid prescriptions.

Conclusions:
Besides the amount of prescriptions, clinicians must be alert to patterns of opioid prescription such as escalating dosage as critical warning signals for heightened mortality risks, particularly among patients with OUD.
Characteristic Reconstitution of the Spinal Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Young Children
Authors: Nakamura Naoyuki , Inaba Yutaka , Aota Yoichi , Machida Jiro , Saito Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Pediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) often results in vertebral compression fracture. However, few reports have reported vertebral remodeling during the course of LCH. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal reconstitution and transformation of the affected vertebrae and the adjacent structures in young children with spinal LCH.

Methods:
We recruited 13 patients, including 16 affected vertebrae, diagnosed with LCH via biopsy. The average age at first visit was 3.6 years. The average follow-up period was 10.2 years. Vertebral lesions involved L2 in 3 cases; T12, L1, or L5 in 2 cases; and C4, C5, C7, T5, T8, T9, or L3 in 1 case. We measured the ratios of the height of the affected vertebra and 1 vertebra above the affected one to that of the second vertebra above the affected one, local kyphotic angles, and the ratio of the height of the center of the adjacent disk to that of one disk above it.

Results:
The collapse of the affected vertebra was most severe after 1 year of disease onset. The rate of reconstitution accelerated at 2 years or later of disease onset. The recovery speed of the anterior wall was faster than that of the center height. While the height of the affected vertebrae was restored, the thickness of the adjacent disk also increased. Further, the height of the adjacent vertebrae increased in a similar manner. The average local kyphosis angle shifted to lordosis within the first 3 years.

Conclusions:
The heights of not only the disk but also the adjacent vertebra increased during the vertebral collapse phase in pediatric spinal LCH patients. These transformations may affect the realignment of the sagittal spinal balance at the earlier stage of the disease. During the collapse phase, the heights of the adjacent vertebrae and disks increase but after the affected vertebrae reconstituted, the augmentation of adjacent vertebrae and disks diminished.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Current Trends in Surgical Airway Management of Neonates with Robin Sequence
Authors: Fan Kenneth L. , Mandelbaum Max , Buro Justin , Rokni Alex , Rogers Gary F. , Chao Jerry W. , Oh Albert K. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Robin sequence is defined by the clinical triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction, and is frequently associated with cleft palate and failure to thrive. Though the efficacy of certain surgical interventions to relieve airway obstruction has been well established, algorithms dictating decision making and perioperative protocols are poorly defined.

Methods:
A 22-question survey was sent via e-mail to members of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association and International Society of Craniofacial Surgeons. Questions were related to surgeon experience in treating neonates with Robin sequence, and specific perioperative protocols.

Results:
One hundred fifty-one responses were collected. Most respondents were surgeons practicing in North America(82.8%), in a university hospital setting (81.5%) and had completed a fellowship in pediatric plastic surgery or craniofacial surgery (76.2%). Preoperative protocols varied widely by years in training and location of practice. Although 78.8% of respondents always performed direct laryngoscopy, only 49.7% of respondents routinely obtained preoperative polysomnography. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis was the most common primary surgical airway intervention reported by 74.2%, with only 12.6% primarily utilizing tongue-lip adhesion. Slightly less than half of respondents ever performed tongue-lip adhesion. Operative selection was influenced by surgeon experience, with 80% of those in practice 0–5 years primarily utilizing mandibular distraction, compared with 56% of respondents in practice >15 years.

Conclusions:
This study documents wide variations in preoperative, operative, and postoperative protocols for the surgical airway management of neonates with severe Robin sequence. These results underscore the need to acquire more objective data, to compare different protocols and outcome measures.
The Correlation Between Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Safety Culture and Quality of Care
Authors: Profit Jochen , Sharek Paul J. , Cui Xin , Nisbet Courtney C. , Thomas Eric J. , Tawfik Daniel S. , Lee Henry C. , Draper David , Sexton J. Bryan 
Published: November 2018

Objectives
Key validated clinical metrics are being used individually and in aggregate (Baby-MONITOR) to monitor the performance of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The degree to which perceptions of key components of safety culture, safety climate, and teamwork are related to aspects of NICU quality of care is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to test whether NICU performance on key clinical metrics correlates with caregiver perceptions of safety culture.

Study Design
Cross-sectional study of 6253 very low-birth-weight infants in 44 NICUs. We measured clinical quality via the Baby-MONITOR and its nine risk-adjusted and standardized subcomponents (antenatal corticosteroids, hypothermia, pneumothorax, healthcare-associated infection, chronic lung disease, retinopathy screen, discharge on any human milk, growth velocity, and mortality). A voluntary sample of 2073 of 3294 eligible professional caregivers provided ratings of safety and teamwork climate using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. We examined NICU-level variation across clinical and safety culture ratings and conducted correlation analysis of these dimensions.

Results
We found significant variation in clinical and safety culture metrics across NICUs. Neonatal intensive care unit teamwork and safety climate ratings were correlated with absence of healthcare-associated infection (r = 0.39 [P = 0.01] and r = 0.29 [P = 0.05], respectively). None of the other clinical metrics, individual or composite, were significantly correlated with teamwork or safety climate.

Conclusions
Neonatal intensive care unit teamwork and safety climate were correlated with healthcare-associated infections but not with other quality metrics. Linkages to clinical measures of quality require additional research.
Comparative Analysis of Emergency Medical Service Provider Workload During Simulated Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Using Standard Versus Experimental Protocols and Equipment
Authors: Asselin Nicholas , Choi Bryan , Pettit Catherine C. , Dannecker Max , Machan Jason T. , Merck Derek L. , Merck Lisa H. , Suner Selim , Williams Kenneth A. , Baird Janette , Jay Gregory D. , Kobayashi Leo 
Published: November 2018

Introduction
Protocolized automation of critical, labor-intensive tasks for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation may decrease Emergency Medical Services (EMS) provider workload. A simulation-based assessment method incorporating objective and self-reported metrics was developed and used to quantify workloads associated with standard and experimental approaches to OHCA resuscitation.

Methods
Emergency Medical Services-Basic (EMT-B) and advanced life support (ALS) providers were randomized into two-provider mixed-level teams and fitted with heart rate (HR) monitors for continuous HR and energy expenditure (EE) monitoring. Subjects' resting salivary α-amylase (sAA) levels were measured along with Borg perceived exertion scores and multidimensional workload assessments (NASA-TLX). Each team engaged in the following three OHCA simulations: (1) baseline simulation in standard BLS/ALS roles; (2) repeat simulation in standard roles; and then (3) repeat simulation in reversed roles, ie, EMT-B provider performing ALS tasks. Control teams operated with standard state protocols and equipment; experimental teams used resuscitation-automating devices and accompanying goal-directed algorithmic protocol for simulations 2 and 3. Investigators video-recorded resuscitations and analyzed subjects' percent attained of maximal age-predicted HR (%mHR), EE, sAA, Borg, and NASA-TLX measurements.

Results
Ten control and ten experimental teams completed the study (20 EMT-Basic; 1 EMT-Intermediate, 8 EMT-Cardiac, 11 EMT-Paramedic). Median %mHR, EE, sAA, Borg, and NASA-TLX scores did not differ between groups at rest. Overall multivariate analyses of variance did not detect significant differences; univariate analyses of variance for changes in %mHR, Borg, and NASA-TLX from resting state detected significant differences across simulations (workload reductions in experimental groups for simulations 2 and 3).

Conclusions
A simulation-based OHCA resuscitation performance and workload assessment method compared protocolized automation-assisted resuscitation with standard response. During exploratory application of the assessment method, subjects using the experimental approach appeared to experience reduced levels of physical exertion and perceived workload than control subjects.