bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Polymer Blends Based on PVA:POZ with Low Dielectric Constant for Microelectronic Applications
Authors: Aziz Shujahadeen B. , Kadir M. F. Z. , Hamsan M. H. , Woo H. J. , Brza M. A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is a huge request for the development of low dielectric constant polymeric materials for microelectronic applications. In thisstudy, polymer blends based on PVA:POZ with low dielectric constant has been fabricated. The results of XRD indicate that crystalline domain is enhanced at higher POZ concentration. Brilliant phases between spherulitesare attributed to the enhanced crystalline domains at high POZ content. White portions are appeared in SEM images on the surface of PVA:POZ blends. From EDX analysis, these leaked portions are referred to the POZ material. The number and sizes of the white portions were also found to increase with increasing the POZ content. Using electrical equivalent circuits (EEC), electrical impedance plots (Z″ vs Z′) are fitted for all the samples. The results of impedance study illustrated that the resistivity of the samples increases with increasing POZ concentration. From dielectric measurements, dielectric constant was found to decrease with the introduction of more POZ into the PVA polymer. It is found to be about 1.68 at 40 wt.% POZ. Insulating materials with low dielectric constant (ε′ < 2) are found to be important in the electronics manufacturing, owing to decrease in crosstalk, resistance-capacitance time delay and power dissipation in high-density circuits. Therefore, further investigations concerning the dielectric constant and impedance for all the samples are also carried out. The real and imaginary parts of electric modulus are studied, where minimizing of electrode polarization can be achieved.
Comment on “Acetylcysteine in paracetamol poisoning: a perspective of 45 years of use” by D. N. Bateman and J. W. Dear, Toxicol. Res., 2019, 8, 489
Authors: Mullins Michael E. , Yarema Mark C. , Sivilotti Marco L. A. , Thompson Margaret , Algren D. Adam , Beuhler Michael C. , Holstege Christopher P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We point out an acetylcysteine protocol that a previous article (D. N. Bateman and J. W. Dear, Toxicol. Res., 2019, 8, 489–498) overlooked. The standard concentration protocol uses a uniform concentration of 30 mg mL−1 for all patients to reduce errors in preparation and administration. Usually a single 1 L bag is sufficient for most patients. Various centers in the US and Canada use this approach.
Combination of preoperative fibrinogen and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a predictive prognostic factor in ESCC and AEG systematic review
Authors: Tianxing Guo , Xiaojie Pan , Lihuan Zhu , Yangyun Huang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: Cancer-associated systemic inflammation response and hyperfibrinogenemia play crucial roles in cancer progression and prognosis. In the present study, we assessed the clinical value of the preoperative fibrinogen and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG).
Methods: Three hundred and fifty-six patients who underwent curative surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and Multivariate Cox analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic indicators for overall survival (OS). The optimization cut-off values for fibrinogen and the NLR were 3.09 g/l and 1.89, respectively. The fibrinogen and the NLR (F-NLR) index was 2 for patients with high fibrinogen (≥3.09 g/l) and elevated NLR (≥1.89), whereas those with one or neither were indexed as 1 or 0, respectively.
Results: The F-NLR score was significantly associated with tumor size (P&lt;0.001), and pathological stage (P=0.010). The 5-year OS rates in F-NLR groups 0, 1 and 2 were 69.1, 42.6, and 31.9%, respectively (P&lt;0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the tumor size (P&lt;0.001), pathological stage (P&lt;0.001), and F-NLR (P&lt;0.001) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions: The preoperative F-NLR score is an independent prognosis indicator for patients with ESCC and AEG.
Characterising the surface magnetic fields of T Tauri stars with high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Lavail A. , Kochukhov O. , Hussain G. A. J. 
Published: September 2019

Aims. In this paper, we aim to characterise the surface magnetic fields of a sample of eight T Tauri stars from high-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy. Some stars in our sample are known to be magnetic from previous spectroscopic or spectropolarimetric studies. Our goals are firstly to apply Zeeman broadening modelling to T Tauri stars with high-resolution data, secondly to expand the sample of stars with measured surface magnetic field strengths, thirdly to investigate possible rotational or long-term magnetic variability by comparing spectral time series of given targets, and fourthly to compare the magnetic field modulus ⟨B⟩ tracing small-scale magnetic fields to those of large-scale magnetic fields derived by Stokes V Zeeman Doppler Imaging (ZDI) studies.
Methods. We modelled the Zeeman broadening of magnetically sensitive spectral lines in the near-infrared K-band from high-resolution spectra by using magnetic spectrum synthesis based on realistic model atmospheres and by using different descriptions of the surface magnetic field. We developped a Bayesian framework that selects the complexity of the magnetic field prescription based on the information contained in the data.
Results. We obtain individual magnetic field measurements for each star in our sample using four different models. We find that the Bayesian Model 4 performs best in the range of magnetic fields measured on the sample (from 1.5 kG to 4.4 kG). We do not detect a strong rotational variation of ⟨B⟩ with a mean peak-to-peak variation of 0.3 kG. Our confidence intervals are of the same order of magnitude, which suggests that the Zeeman broadening is produced by a small-scale magnetic field homogeneously distributed over stellar surfaces. A comparison of our results with mean large-scale magnetic field measurements from Stokes V ZDI show different fractions of mean field strength being recovered, from 25–42% for relatively simple poloidal axisymmetric field topologies to 2–11% for more complex fields.
Clinical Utilization of Pharmacogenetics in Psychiatry –
Perspectives of Pharmacists, Genetic Counselors, Implementation Science,
Clinicians, and Industry
Authors: Brown Lisa , Eum Seenae , Haga Susanne B. , Strawn Jeffrey R. , Zierhut Heather 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction The use of pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing to guide decisions
and improve patient outcomes has increased in recent years. PGx testing
represents a decision support tool that may inform dosing, increase the
likelihood of treatment response, and identify patients at risk for medication
side effects.
Methods This is a narrative review of utilization of PGx testing in
psychiatry from stakeholders including, pharmacists, genetic counselors,
implementation scientists, industry, and clinicians.
Results While many limitations exist to streamline use of PGx testing in
psychiatry, various stakeholders are crucial to clinical implementation.
Discussion PGx testing can assist in medication selection and improve
patient outcomes; however, more data are needed to understand when and how to
incorporate PGx testing into psychiatric practice.
Cytotoxic Activity of LCS-1 is not Only due to Inhibition of SOD1
Authors: Steverding Dietmar , Barcelos Yzobelle 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background The cytotoxic activity of the pyridazin-3-one derivative LCS-1 was previously suggested to be due to the inhibition of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). However, no direct evidence was provided that LCS-1 inhibits SOD1 within cells.
Methods In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic activity of LCS-1 against bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite that does not express copper/zinc-containing SOD1, but an iron-containing superoxide dismutase (FeSOD).
Results At 250 µM, LCS-1 did not inhibit the activity of FeSOD in cell lysates of bloodstream forms of T. brucei, confirming that the compound is a specific inhibitor of SOD1. However, LCS-1 displayed substantial trypanocidal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 µM and a half-maximal effective concentration of 1.36 µM, indicating that the cytotoxic action of the compound cannot solely be due to inhibition of SOD1.
Conclusion The results of this study is an important finding as it shows that LCS-1 has more than one cytotoxic mode of action.
Fracture Resistance of Immature Incisors Following Root Filling with Various Bioactive Endodontic Cements Using an Experimental Bovine Tooth Model
Authors: Sarraf Pegah , Nekoofar Mohammad Hossein , Sheykhrezae Mohammad Saeed , Dummer Paul M. H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of immature bovine roots when using ProRoot MTA, CEM Cement, and Biodentine as root filling materials.
Materials and Methods An immature bovine tooth model was developed by removing the coronal and apical portions of 70 bovine incisors 8 mm above and 12 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The specimens were then divided into five groups: ProRoot MTA, CEM Cement, Biodentine, gutta-percha/AH26 sealer, and control. All groups received a 5-mm apical plug with a temporary restorative material. Then, the remaining root canal space was filled with one of the afore-mentioned materials. After setting, the specimens were mounted in acrylic resin. Then, 3 mm coronal to the CEJ from the buccal side of the teeth and at a 135°angle to the long axis, the specimens were loaded until fracture.
Results The specimens in the Biodentine (2196 N) and ProRoot MTA (2103 N) groups had significantly greater fracture resistance in comparison to the control group (p = 0.01). No significant difference was found between CEM Cement, gutta-percha and sealer AH26, and control groups. No significant differences occurred between the four experimental groups (p = 0.45).
Conclusion Filling the root canal space with ProRoot MTA and Biodentine contributed to higher fracture resistance values.
Providing Access: Differences in Pediatric Portal Activation Begin at Patient Check-in
Authors: Bush Ruth A. , Vemulakonda Vijaya M. , Richardson Andrew C. , Deakyne Davies Sara J. , Chiang George J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background The patient portal interface with individual electronic health records (EHR) was introduced as a tool to enhance participatory medicine. Recent studies suggest adults from racial and ethnic minorities as well as non-English speakers face disproportionate barriers to adoption; however, little data are available for pediatric patients.
Objective The purpose of this study was to examine patient portal offers and activation patterns among pediatric urology patients at two geographically diverse tertiary pediatric hospitals.
Methods Retrospective analysis of 2011 to 2016 electronic portal audit records was conducted among patients aged 18 and younger with at least one outpatient urology clinic visit at two tertiary academic pediatric hospitals and their affiliated networks. Differences in utilization among parents/caregivers and adolescents were examined using multivariate analysis.
Results Of 44,608 individuals seen in a participating urology department during the study period, 21,815 (48.9%) were offered a code for patient portal activation; of these, 8,605 (19.3% of total eligible individuals) activated portal access. Logistic regression demonstrated associations between an offer and site (p < 0.001), being female (p < 0.001), being Asian or white (p < 0.05), being non-Hispanic (p < 0.001), and reporting English as preferred language (p < 0.001). Activating patient portal access was associated with site (p < 0.001), being Asian or white (p < 0.001), and reporting English as preferred language (p < 0.001).
Conclusion This study found that demographic variations in portal began with demographic differences in which patients were offered an activation code. Fewer than half of those given an access code activated their account. Preferred language, race/ethnicity, and clinic location were associated with likelihood of portal activation. Although patients are increasingly expected to schedule appointments, manage correspondence, request prescription refills, obtain authorizations and referrals, and communicate with the medical team using the portal, this study suggests that in the pediatric specialty setting many patients and caregivers are not offered the opportunity to access these tools.
Initial phonological transfer in L3 Brazilian Portuguese and Italian
Authors: Cabrelli Jennifer , Pichan Carrie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study examines five variables posited to drive(s) initial phonological transfer of (part of) one system over another in an L3: language status (L1/L2), facilitation, global structural similarity, dominance, and bilingual experience. Specifically, we investigate production of intervocalic voiced stops by English/Spanish bilinguals at the initial stages of L3Brazilian Portuguese (BP) or Italian. These segments surface as [−continuant] in BP, Italian, and English but are realized as [+continuant] in Spanish; English transfer is therefore facilitative while Spanish is non-facilitative. Three groups (English-dominant heritage Spanish speakers, L1English/L2Spanish, L1Spanish/L2English) enrolled in first semester BP or Italian completed delayed repetition tasks in all three languages. The majority of participants across groups produce Spanish-like [+continuant] segments, suggestive of a primary role for global structural similarity. For the subset of participants across groups that produces English-like/L3-like [−continuant] segments, debrief data indicate a potential relationship between metalinguistic knowledge and [−continuant] production.
Global mobility of microfinance policies
Authors: Oikawa Cordeiro Beatriz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Throughout the 1970s in South Asia and Latin America, there was a surge of experiences of offering small loans through innovative practices. Following these successes, the dissemination of microfinance institutions is seen all over the globe. Brazil stands out for being a pioneer in this field, having developed a microcredit program even before Grameen Bank, from Bangladesh, the main institution responsible for the spread of microfinance worldwide. This paper aims to understand the social practices, power relations and institutional infrastructure surrounding microfinance, taking the Global South as a starting point and focusing on Brazil. In so doing, it looks at the policy mobility of microfinance, shining light on how policy diffusion and transfer are entangled in the practices and processes of different institutions, actors and networks. It identifies two approaches within the formulation and practice of microfinance historically. Four illustrative cases are discussed in order to present the mobility of microfinance policies in Brazil drawing from the international scenario. The paper’s point of departure for the analysis of the mobility of microfinance is that policy trajectories are fraught with ambivalence and contradiction. They are part of a complex universe permeated by hybridism over time and space.
Effect of the surface nanocrystallization on tribological behavior of the Cu based bimetallic materials (CuPbSn)
Authors: Gençer Gökçe Mehmet , Yolcu Coşkun , Kahraman Fatih , Saklakoğlu Nurşen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, ultrasonic impact treatment was used to improve the tribological behavior of copper-based bimetallic materials that are used in internal combustion engine bearings and bushes. Bimetallic materials were obtained by coating three different CuPbSn alloys by sintering on the material surfaces of carbon steel substrate. After the sintering process, bimetallic materials were treated by ultrasonic impact process. As a result of the metallographic examination, sintered layers have uniform structure along the cross-section of the bimetallic materials. In addition, it was determined that the porosity of sintered materials decreased after the ultrasonic impact treatment. Due to the grain refinement and work hardening, higher hardness was obtained in the fine-grained layer. The hardness of the ultrasonic impact treated samples always higher than the untreated material. Because of the high surface hardness, ultrasonic impact treated samples showed higher wear resistance. The highest wear resistance was detected in the samples with the highest Sn content. Because Sn and Cu combine to form Cu3Sn intermetallic phase in Cu-Pb alloys and Cu3Sn increases the strength of the Cu-Pb alloys. Thus, increasing the Sn content in the Cu-Pb alloy resulted in the wear resistance increase. Furthermore, the formation of the SnO2 intermetallic phase on the sample surface has a significant effect on the wear resistance increase by preventing adhesion.
Diagnostic Management Team: Platelet Refractory Algorithm and Consult
Authors: Wade Jenna , Dean Christina L , Roback John D , Sullivan Harold C 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Platelet refractoriness occurs when a patient fails to achieve appropriate platelet count increment following platelet (plt) transfusion. Approximately 30% to 40% of cases are due to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloantibodies and 2% to 10% are due to human platelet antigen (HPA) alloantibodies, which can be detected by various assays. The results of these tests are then used to guide selection of appropriate units, such as crossmatch-compatible (XM) and HLA-matched (HLAm) plts. Given the various steps and tests involved in diagnosing and managing plt refractoriness, clinicians may order unnecessary tests resulting in delays in patient care. In April 2018, our institution formed a diagnostic management team (DMT) to establish an algorithmic approach to testing, diagnosing, and transfusing plt refractory patients.
We performed a retrospective review of clinician requests for XM or HLAm plts over a 9-month period prior to the launch of the DMT and compared that to requests placed during the initial 9-month period following the launch of the DMT. We collected the date transfusion medicine (TM) service was notified and the time to complete the following: 1-hour corrected count increment (CCI), ELISA indirect antibody screen, HLA flow cytometry PRA screen, HLA single antigen bead (SAB), and obtain the first XM or HLAm plt unit for the patient. There were 12 and 20 patients evaluated for plt refractoriness pre- and post-DMT, respectively. The median time to complete the ELISA indirect antibody screen was 2 days pre- and post-DMT, respectively. Eight percent of patients never had an ELISA screen performed pre-DMT. All patients meeting plt refractory criteria had ELISA screens performed post-DMT. Median time to complete HLA testing decreased from 4 days to 2 days and all patients who had positive FlowPRAs had subsequent SABs performed post-DMT compared to only 40% of patients pre-DMT. The median times to obtain the first XM unit were 6 and 5 days and the first HLAm unit was 5 and 6 days pre- and post-DMT, respectively. One patient had a CCI above 7,500 and four patients had negative screening ELISA and FlowPRA tests after the launch of the DMT. No further testing was performed and they continued to receive ABO-compatible (ABOc) plt units. Since the launch of the DMT, there is improved consistency regarding what tests are performed and standardization of the sequence in which the appropriate tests are ordered. We have reduced unnecessary testing by identifying patients with nonimmune-mediated etiologies of plt refractoriness. Divergence from the algorithm is the main issue encountered during the initial 9-month period following implementation of the DMT. This divergence stemmed from lack of consistent education about plt refractoriness and the DMT. We believe better adherence to the algorithm will lead to decreased product acquisition time and further improve efficiency.
Performance Evaluation of CEA Assay on Beckman Coulter UniCel DxI 800
Authors: Wei Qing , Hardy Robert , Cao Liyun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein normally found in embryonic entodermal epithelium. Increased levels may be found in patients with primary colorectal cancer or other malignancies. CEA levels are not useful in screening the general population for undetected cancers. However, CEA levels provide important information about patient prognosis, recurrence of tumors after surgical removal, and effectiveness of therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the analytical performance of CEA assay on a Beckman Coulter UniCel DxI 800. The linearity, sensitivity, reference range, precision, and accuracy were evaluated following CLSI guidelines. The within-run and between-run precisions were assessed by analyzing QC material at low and high levels of concentrations. The accuracy was assessed by comparison of 152 patient serum CEA on DXI with CEA on a previously established ADVIA Centaur System. The analytical measurement range was determined to be linear between 0.00 and 951.3 ng/mL with a slope of 0.976 and intercept of 0.075. The limit of blank (LOB) was determined as 0.03 ng/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 ng/mL. The reference range was verified as 0.0 to 3.0 ng/mL (nonsmokers) and 0.0 to 5.0 ng/mL (smokers). The within-run CVs for CEA were 4.4% at the low level of 2.239 ng/mL and 2.5% at the high level of 38.1 ng/mL. The between-run CVs at low and high levels were 4.4%, and 4.0%, respectively. Comparison of CEA on the Beckman Coulter UniCel DxI 800 with CEA on the ADVIA Centaur System of 152 patient samples showed the slope was 1.541 (95% CI, 1.515-1.567) with an intercept of 0.17 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9943 (Deming). The mean bias between Beckman and ADVIA was 6.49 (41.71%). In summary, our data demonstrate that CEA assay on the Beckman Coulter UniCel DxI 800 has good linearity and precision. There is also good correlation between CEA tested on the Beckman Coulter UniCel DxI 800 and on the ADVIA Centaur System with a positive bias.