bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Turbidity on Prey Selection and Foraging Rate of Hatchery-Reared Juvenile Tiger Muskellunge
Authors: Snow Richard A. , Shoup Daniel E. , Porta Michael J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Tiger muskellunge (Northern Pike Esox lucius × Muskellunge E. masquinongy) are stocked into aquatic systems across North America to control undesirable fish species or to create sportfishing opportunities. Because decreased water clarity can affect the poststocking foraging ability of an ambush predator like the tiger muskellunge, we evaluated the effects of turbidity on the foraging success of tiger muskellunge in a laboratory setting. We tested prey selectivity and total prey consumption by juvenile tiger muskellunge at four turbidity levels (Secchi depths of &gt;84, 53, 26, and 18 cm) using three prey species: Goldfish Carassius auratus (a surrogate for Common Carp Cyprinus carpio), Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, and Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus. Tiger muskellunge consumed significantly less prey at Secchi depths of 26 and 18 cm than at a Secchi depth of &gt;84 or 53 cm. Selectivity for or against all prey types decreased as turbidity level increased, such that all three prey types had similar neutral selectivity at the highest turbidity level even though Gizzard Shad were positively selected and Goldfish were negatively selected in clearer water. Green Sunfish were neutrally selected at all turbidity levels tested. These results suggest that increasing turbidity levels will negatively impact prey encounters and consumption rates, which likely will reduce growth rates of tiger muskellunge, ultimately reducing fish survival and stocking success.
UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS‐guided dereplication of Pulsatilla chinensis to identify triterpenoid saponins
Authors: Jin Miao‐miao , Zhang Wen‐dan , Jiang Hong‐hong , Du Ying‐feng , Guo Wei , Cao Liang , Xu Hui‐jun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionTriterpenoid saponins are the major bioactive constituents of Pulsatilla chinensis, playing an important role in various biological activities such as anti‐tumour, cognition‐enhancing, anti‐biosis, anti‐inflammatory, hypoglycemic and immunological adjuvant.ObjectiveTo establish a systematic strategy based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) for the efficient characterisation and identification of triterpenoid saponins in crude extracts from Pulsatilla chinensis.MethodologyIn this work, the strategy includes two aspects: (1) positive mode: by target screening, we can deduce the aglycone type and the composition of sugar moiety according to the fragment ions; untargeted screening includes four steps, find unknown, formula finder, ChemSpider search and MS/MS identification; (2) negative mode: according to the MS/MS spectra, the composition of sugar chain bonded to C‐28 is inferred reasonably. The extract of Pulsatilla chinensis was separated within 60 min on a C18 column and eluted with methanol and water both containing 0.1% formic acid.ResultsAs a result, a total of 22 triterpenoid saponins (11 pairs of isomers) with four aglycone skeletons were tentatively identified or elucidated in crude extracts from Pulsatilla chinensis based on their retention times, the mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns, and MS and MS/MS data.ConclusionThis study provides an efficient analysis strategy to rapidly identify the triterpenoid saponins in Pulsatilla species even in traditional Chinese medicines.
Upregulation of DWARF27 is associated with increased strigolactone levels under sulfur deficiency in rice
Authors: Shindo Masato , Shimomura Koichiro , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Umehara Mikihisa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPlants produce strigolactones (SLs) in roots in response to nitrogen or phosphate deficiency. To evaluate SL levels under other mineral deficiencies in rice, we cultivated rice seedlings in hydroponic media without nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and iron. Tiller bud outgrowth was stimulated under calcium deficiency because of low SL levels. SL levels increased under sulfur deficiency, in addition to phosphate, and nitrogen deficiencies. To explore which genes are key regulators of SL production under sulfur deficiency, we analyzed the expression of SL‐related genes in sulfur‐sufficient and sulfur‐deficient conditions. An SL biosynthesis gene, DWARF27 (D27), was strongly expressed under sulfur deficiency, and its expression was decreased by sulfur supply. The levels of D10, D17, and OsMAX1 transcripts did not differ between sulfur‐sufficient and sulfur‐deficient conditions. These results suggest that the increased SL levels under sulfur deficiency are due to a high expression of D27. A combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur deficiencies had no additive synergistic effect on SL production. Under combined phosphorus and sulfur deficiency, the expression levels of most SL biosynthesis genes were elevated. The number of tiller buds in the d27 mutant was higher than in the wild type, but lower than in other d mutants. Under sulfur deficiency, the chlorophyll content of d27 was lower than those of other d mutants. These results indicate that D27 plays an important role in adaptation to sulfur deficiency in rice.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 in Water‐Based Electrolytes KHCO3 and K2SO4 Using Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Romero Cuellar Nayra Sofia , Wiesner‐Fleischer Kerstin , Hinrichsen Olaf , Fleischer Maximilian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe performance of Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) electrodes for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 at room temperature and in water‐based electrolytes was investigated. Techniques such as linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry were used to confirm the activity of BDD for the CO2 reduction. Besides H2, CO and HCOOH were found as major products with CH3OH as a minor product. The effect of anionic species with and without buffer capacity was investigated using KHCO3 and K2SO4 as electrolytes. BDD did not show any degradation after using it in several experiments. The Faradaic efficiency (FE) for CO in the gas phase and the concentration of HCOOH in the liquid phase were higher in K2SO4 than in KHCO3. However, the total FE for C1 products was lower than 20%. Then BDD electrodes were modified with silver, which improved the FE for CO to 68% in K2SO4 at −1.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Galvanostatic experiments were also performed for 10 hours at −10 mA cm−2 producing 30% FE for CO in the gas phase and 43,9 mM HCOOH in the liquid phase.
The Syntheses and Vibrational Spectra of 16O‐ and 18O‐Enriched cis‐MO2 (M=Mo, W) Complexes
Authors: Peuronen Anssi , Sillanpää Reijo , Lehtonen Ari 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this contribution, we report convenient synthetic approaches for obtaining 16O/18O‐enriched dioxidometalVI complexes, MO2(L) (W, Mo), with a linear, tetradentate amine phenolate ligand N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethylbenzyl)ethylenediamine (H2L) and describe their characterization by IR and Raman spectroscopy complemented by DFT computational analysis. The isotopologues of WO2(L) were made of tungstenVI trisglycolate W(eg)3 (eg=1,2‐ethanediolate dianion) and ligand H2L in the presence of either H2[16O] or H2[18O], whereas Mo16O2(L) was made using Na2MoO4⋅2H2O which was converted to Mo18O2(L) by oxido substitution using H2[18O]. The complementary IR and Raman analyses show the ν(MO2)s and ν(MO2)a at 934 and 899 cm–1 for W16O2(L) and at 914 and 898 cm–1 for Mo16O2(L), respectively. In the vibrational spectra of the 18O substituted derivatives, the ν(MO2)s were shifted to lower energy by 43 cm–1 for W18O2(L) and by 41 cm–1 for Mo18O2(L) whereas asymmetric MO2 stretches in the IR were partially overlapped by an organic ligand related stretch. However, Raman spectroscopy, accompanied by DFT calculations, allowed the deciphering the ν(MO2)a shifts of 47 cm–1 for W18O2(L) and 31 cm–1 for Mo18O2(L).
A Hamiltonian‐based analytical method for fracture analysis of linear thermo‐viscoelastic media
Authors: Tong Zhenzhen , Cheng Xianhe , Rong Dalun , Xu Chenghui , Zhou Zhenhuan , Xu Xinsheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA Hamiltonian‐based methodology is presented to study the fracture behaviors of the thermo‐viscoelastic materials based on the Laplace transform. The governing equations and associated boundary conditions are rebuilt in a Hamiltonian form by using the symplectic mathematics in the frequency domain (s‐domain). The fundamental unknown vector composed of both displacements and stresses variables is expanded in terms of the symplectic eigensolutions. The corresponding unknown coefficients of the symplectic series are determined from the outer boundary conditions. Thus, the main unknowns are obtained and transformed into the time domain (t‐domain). The fracture parameters including stress intensity factors (SIFs) and J‐integrals are derived simultaneously. Numerical examples as well as convergence studies are given and are found to be in good agreement with the ANSYS results. A parametric study of thermo‐viscoelastic parameters is included also.
From visco to perfect plasticity in thermoviscoelastic materials
Authors: Rossi Riccarda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe consider a thermodynamically consistent model for thermoviscoplasticity. For the related PDE system, coupling the heat equation for the absolute temperature, the momentum balance with viscosity and inertia for the displacement variable, and the flow rule for the plastic strain, we propose two weak solvability concepts, ‘entropic’ and ‘weak energy’ solutions, where the highly nonlinear heat equation is suitably formulated. Accordingly, we prove two existence results by passing to the limit in a carefully devised time discretization scheme. Furthermore, we study the asymptotic behavior of weak energy solutions as the rate of the external data becomes slower and slower, which amounts to taking the vanishing‐viscosity and inertia limit of the system. We prove their convergence to a global energetic solution to the Prandtl‐Reuss model for perfect plasticity, whose evolution is ‘energetically’ coupled to that of the (spatially constant) limiting temperature.
How to Teach and Assess Whole Number Arithmetic: A Commentary on Chapter 11
Authors: Margolinas Claire 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChapter 11 and the different contributions in the proceedings of working group 4 have explored different aspects of the teaching and assessing of whole number arithmetic. We often underestimate teacher’s required knowledge, not only for selecting challenging and dense tasks but also, within a determined task, for assessing the diverse needs of individuals and respect to these needs. It is certainly not a little challenge for mathematics education research to describe the knowledge at stake: even within the field of WNA and even if we take a single lesson. In this chapter, I will focus on the difficulty to make coherent choices in teaching and assessing whole number arithmetic and the various pieces of knowledge that are necessary to do so. Whole number arithmetic is not a homogeneous domain in this chapter, so I will discuss some aspects: memorizing numerical facts, writing numbers and numerical sentences and additive structure’s field. These considerations will lead to a commentary about Macao’s lesson.
Tradition in Whole Number Arithmetic
Authors: Arzarello Ferdinando , Azrou Nadia , Bartolini Bussi Maria G. , de Lora Sued Sarah Inés González , Sun Xu Hua , Siu Man Keung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe main topics discussed by the panel and the resulting questions to be answered are introduced along with some bibliographic references. The main topics of discussion concern the relationships between tradition and the verbal and non-verbal representations of numbers, numbers and artefacts of arithmetic and the role of technological devices in emulating traditional abaci and allowing direct interaction with the screens of multitouch devices in counting activities. Another crucial issue concerns the different languages that can be present in a classroom for historical and cultural reasons. This represents a challenge for teachers, who must cope with the ways in which words can shape the specific connotations of the meanings of numbers. Although all of these facets of numbers need to be coordinated with the standard mathematical concepts, they also appear in the multimodal representations that are used to teach them, such as words, textbooks, notes and teachers’ and students’ gestures. All of these factors intertwine and sometimes conflict with the richness of the representations and practices that children encounter outside school in their everyday lives.
Special Needs in Research and Instruction in Whole Number Arithmetic
Authors: Verschaffel Lieven , Baccaglini-Frank Anna , Mulligan Joanne , van den Heuvel-Panhuizen Marja , Xin Yan Ping , Butterworth Brian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the ICME 23 Study panel on special needs in research and instruction in whole number arithmetic. It starts with a general introduction by Verschaffel about the state of affairs in and the major issues and challenges for research and educational practice in the field of mathematical learning difficulties (MLD). Afterwards these issues and challenges are explored and discussed from four different angles by four scholars with complementary specializations in the domain of children with MLD and/or other special needs in the curricular domain of whole number arithmetic, namely, Anna Baccaglini-Frank, Joanne Mulligan, Marja van den Heuvel-Panhuizen and Yan Ping Xin. Finally, Brian Butterworth discusses these four contributions, particularly with respect to the questions ‘what constitutes the “mathematics” that MLD research and practice should address’ and ‘what can be considered as appropriate interventions for children with special needs’
Quantities, Numbers, Number Names and the Real Number Line
Authors: Bass Hyman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper describes an approach to developing concepts of number using general notions of quantity and their measurement. This approach, most prominently articulated by Davydov and his colleagues, is discussed, and some arguments favouring this approach are offered. First is that it provides a coherent development of both whole numbers and fractions. Second, it makes the geometric number line continuum present from the start of the school curriculum as a useful mathematical object and concept into which real numbers can eventually take up residence. Third, in the Davydov approach, there are some significant opportunities for some early algebraic thinking. I further present an instructional context and approach to place value that simulates a hypothetical invention of a place value system of number representation.
Language and Cultural Issues in the Teaching and Learning of WNA
Authors: Sun Xu Hua , Bartolini Bussi Maria G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLanguage and culture play a common, key role in conveying concepts in mathematics teaching and learning for mathematical thinking development. Linguistic transparency can foster the construction of mathematical meanings and support the understanding that occurs in learning discourse. A cross-cultural examination of languages should thus allow us to understand linguistic supports or limitations that may interfere with students’ learning and teachers’ teaching of mathematics. This chapter examines number naming and structure across languages and language issues related to whole number structure, arithmetic operations and key concepts of place value and equality from a linguistic perspective. It also specifically considers how the Chinese language has been linked with Chinese arithmetic in ancient and present times.
Some Further Results on the Tempered Multistable Approach
Authors: Le Courtois Olivier 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article provides new results on the tempered multistable approach. After a preliminary section recalling the main definitions, we show the correspondence between a series representation and a characteristic function representation for asymmetrical field-based tempered multistable processes and for asymmetrical independent increments tempered multistable processes. We also show that both processes are semimartingales, which is a convenient property in finance. Next, we study the structure of autocorrelations that is conveyed by this approach. Finally, we provide an illustration showing the term structures of Value-at-Risk that can be obtained with this model.
Electroencephalographic delta/alpha frequency activity differentiates psychotic disorders: a study of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder
Authors: Howells Fleur M , Temmingh Hendrik S , Hsieh Jennifer H , van Dijen Andrea V , Baldwin David S , Stein Dan J 
Published: April 2018

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) has been proposed as a neurophysiological biomarker to delineate psychotic disorders. It is known that increased delta and decreased alpha, which are apparent in psychosis, are indicative of inappropriate arousal state, which leads to reduced ability to attend to relevant information. On this premise, we investigated delta/alpha frequency activity, as this ratio of frequency activity may serve as an effective neurophysiological biomarker. The current study investigated differences in delta/alpha frequency activity, in schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar I disorder with psychotic features and methamphetamine-induced psychosis. One hundred and nine participants, including individuals with SCZ (n = 28), bipolar I disorder with psychotic features (n = 28), methamphetamine-induced psychotic disorder (MPD) (n = 24) and healthy controls (CON, n = 29). Diagnosis was ascertained with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition disorders and current medication was recorded. EEG was undertaken in three testing conditions: resting eyes open, resting eyes closed and during completion of a simple cognitive task (visual continuous performance task). EEG delta/alpha frequency activity was investigated across these conditions. First, delta/alpha frequency activity during resting eyes closed was higher in SCZ and MPD globally, when compared to CON, then lower for bipolar disorder (BPD) than MPD for right hemisphere. Second, delta/alpha frequency activity during resting eyes open was higher in SCZ, BPD and MPD for all electrodes, except left frontal, when compared to CON. Third, delta/alpha frequency activity during the cognitive task was higher in BPD and MPD for all electrodes, except left frontal, when compared to CON. Assessment of EEG delta/alpha frequency activity supports the delineation of underlying neurophysiological mechanisms present in psychotic disorders, which are likely related to dysfunctional thalamo-cortical connectivity. Delta/alpha frequency activity may provide a useful neurophysiological biomarker to delineate psychotic disorders.
Reverse translated and gold standard continuous performance tests predict global cognitive performance in schizophrenia
Authors: Bismark Andrew W. , Thomas Michael L. , Tarasenko Melissa , Shiluk Alexandra L. , Rackelmann Sonia Y. , Young Jared W. , Light Gregory A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAttentional dysfunction contributes to functional impairments in schizophrenia (SZ). Sustained attention is typically assessed via continuous performance tasks (CPTs), though many CPTs have limited cross-species translational validity and place demands on additional cognitive domains. A reverse-translated 5-Choice Continuous Performance Task (5C-CPT) for human testing—originally developed for use in rodents—was designed to minimize demands on perceptual, visual learning, processing speed, or working memory functions. To-date, no studies have validated the 5C-CPT against gold standard attentional measures nor evaluated how 5C-CPT scores relate to cognition in SZ. Here we examined the relationship between the 5C-CPT and the CPT-Identical Pairs (CPT-IP), an established and psychometrically robust measure of vigilance from the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) in a sample of SZ patients (n = 35). Relationships to global and individual subdomains of cognition were also assessed. 5C-CPT and CPT-IP measures of performance (d-prime) were strongly correlated (r = 0.60). In a regression model, the 5C-CPT and CPT-IP collectively accounted for 54% of the total variance in MCCB total scores, and 27.6% of overall cognitive variance was shared between the 5C-CPT and CPT-IP. These results indicate that the reverse translated 5C-CPT and the gold standard CPT-IP index a common attentional construct that also significantly overlaps with variance in general cognitive performance. The use of simple, cross-species validated behavioral indices of attentional/cognitive functioning such as the 5C-CPT could accelerate the development of novel generalized pro-cognitive therapeutics for SZ and related neuropsychiatric disorders.
Integration of human adipocyte chromosomal interactions with adipose gene expression prioritizes obesity-related genes from GWAS
Authors: Pan David Z. , Garske Kristina M. , Alvarez Marcus , Bhagat Yash V. , Boocock James , Nikkola Elina , Miao Zong , Raulerson Chelsea K. , Cantor Rita M. , Civelek Mete , Glastonbury Craig A. , Small Kerrin S. , Boehnke Michael , Lusis Aldons J. , Sinsheimer Janet S. , Mohlke Karen L. , Laakso Markku , Pajukanta Päivi , Ko Arthur 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIncreased adiposity is a hallmark of obesity and overweight, which affect 2.2 billion people world-wide. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms that underlie obesity-related phenotypes can help to improve treatment options and drug development. Here we perform promoter Capture Hi–C in human adipocytes to investigate interactions between gene promoters and distal elements as a transcription-regulating mechanism contributing to these phenotypes. We find that promoter-interacting elements in human adipocytes are enriched for adipose-related transcription factor motifs, such as PPARG and CEBPB, and contribute to heritability of cis-regulated gene expression. We further intersect these data with published genome-wide association studies for BMI and BMI-related metabolic traits to identify the genes that are under genetic cis regulation in human adipocytes via chromosomal interactions. This integrative genomics approach identifies four cis-eQTL-eGene relationships associated with BMI or obesity-related traits, including rs4776984 and MAP2K5, which we further confirm by EMSA, and highlights 38 additional candidate genes.
Real-time magnetic actuation of DNA nanodevices via modular integration with stiff micro-levers
Authors: Lauback Stephanie , Mattioli Kara R. , Marras Alexander E. , Armstrong Maxim , Rudibaugh Thomas P. , Sooryakumar Ratnasingham , Castro Carlos E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDNA nanotechnology has enabled complex nanodevices, but the ability to directly manipulate systems with fast response times remains a key challenge. Current methods of actuation are relatively slow and only direct devices into one or two target configurations. Here we report an approach to control DNA origami assemblies via externally applied magnetic fields using a low-cost platform that enables actuation into many distinct configurations with sub-second response times. The nanodevices in these assemblies are manipulated via mechanically stiff micron-scale lever arms, which rigidly couple movement of a micron size magnetic bead to reconfiguration of the nanodevice while also enabling direct visualization of the conformation. We demonstrate control of three assemblies—a rod, rotor, and hinge—at frequencies up to several Hz and the ability to actuate into many conformations. This level of spatiotemporal control over DNA devices can serve as a foundation for real-time manipulation of molecular and atomic systems.