bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Norms for standard neuropsychological tests from the French CONSTANCES cohort
Authors: Ouvrard C. , Berr C. , Meillon C. , Ribet C. , Goldberg M. , Zins M. , Amieva H. 
Published: December 2018

Background and purposeNeuropsychological testing plays a key role in various clinical contexts. Even though a substantial number of adults suffer neurological disorders such as early‐onset dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury or multiple sclerosis, most normative data do not include persons below 65. The aim of this study was to produce updated norms for the Mini‐Mental State Examination, the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, the Trail Making Test, verbal fluency tasks and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test for middle‐aged and older adults.MethodsThe sample consisted of 51 879 participants aged 45–70 years from the CONSTANCES study. Norms are presented in percentiles stratified on age, education and gender.ResultsThe results illustrated the effect of age in all tests considered. For tests involving speed processing, the impact of age was observed including in tight age range categories (5 years). The results also showed the well‐known effect of education and an effect of gender in tests involving verbal memory and speed processing.ConclusionsThe norms provided allow the variability of the cognitive performances of middle‐aged to older populations to be understood, with a high precision in age categories. The tests considered are broadly used in neuropsychological practice and should be helpful in a variety of clinical contexts.
Crystallization, microstructure and mechanical behavior of titanium doped barium fluormica glass‐ceramics
Authors: Mallik Amit , Saha Sumit 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCrystallization, microstructure and mechanical behavior of TiO2 doped barium fluorphlogopite glass‐ceramics were systematically studied. TiO2 was used as a doper nucleant in the BaO·4MgO·Al2O3·6SiO2·2MgF2 glass system. Melting technique was adopted to prepare the glass samples which were analyzed by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and micro hardness indenter. The DTA study demonstrated that the crystallization exotherm of fluorphlogopite mica appeared in the temperature window of 886‐903°C. In this investigation, four glass samples were prepared using 2 (MA1), 4 (MA2), 6 (MA3), and 8 (MA4) wt% of TiO2. Glass transition (Tg) and peak crystallization (Tp) temperatures escalated with an increase in the TiO2 content from 2 (MA1) to 4 wt% (MA2). However, beyond this value, Tg and Tp decreased with a surge in TiO2 content from 6 (MA3) to 8 wt% (MA4). Nevertheless, with a gradual rise in the TiO2 content, the crystals of the glass‐ceramics became enlarged and subsequently exhibited mechanical properties, such as hardness, fracture toughness, and machinability. Therefore, in solid oxide fuel cell applications, TiO2 is a promising nucleating agent to generate fluorphlogopite mica‐based glass‐ceramics.
Does post‐anthesis heat stress affect plant phenology, physiology, grain yield and protein content of durum wheat in a semi‐arid Mediterranean environment?
Authors: Cosentino Salvatore L. , Sanzone Emanuele , Testa Giorgio , Patanè Cristina , Anastasi Umberto , Scordia Danilo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIncreasing air temperature due to changing climate is projected to decrease the length of the growing season, hasten vegetative development and maturation, and ultimately affect yield of many C3 crops. Previous multilocation trials highlighted strong relationships between thermal trends in the interval “beginning of flowering‐end of grain filling” and grain yield, and protein content in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.). With the aim to confirm these relationships, nine durum wheat genotypes, including old (Capeiti 8, Senatore Cappelli and Trinakria) and modern (Amedeo, Arcangelo, Mongibello, Simeto, and Svevo) varieties and a Sicilian landrace (Russello) were grown at three different sites representing a climate gradient in Sicily, Italy. Moreover, the effect of post‐anthesis heat stress on these durum wheats was further investigated in two contrasting environments: open‐field (control—C) and greenhouse heat stress (HS). HS shortened the interval “beginning‐end of flowering” of 1.5 days across genotypes, and the “end of flowering‐beginning of grain filling” and maturation of 4.9 days, with a range of 1 day in Arcangelo to 11 days in Cappelli. Advances in main phenophases significantly decreased kernel weight (KW) and grain yield (GY), whereas grain protein content (PC) increased. As expected, a negative relationship was observed between GY and PC, while positive relationships were found for GY and grain‐filling duration (GFD), and GY and KW. Genotypes responded differently to heat stress, as evidenced by the net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and dry matter accumulation in kernels. Genotypes were ranked according to the heat susceptibility index (HSI): Amedeo, Arcangelo, Capeiti 8, Svevo and Trinakria resulted heat‐tolerant. These varieties were characterized by an early trigger of dry matter accumulation in kernels under HS (Amedeo, Arcangelo and Trinakria), or showed similar length of the GFD (Capeiti 8) between environments. The multilocation trial confirmed a negative relationship between maximum temperatures and grain yield, and a positive relationship between minimum temperatures and protein content during grain–filling periods. Research focusing on agronomic strategies, phenology and breeding for tolerance to heat stress is of strategic importance to cope with the detrimental effect of global warming in semi‐arid climates.
Risk of high‐grade malignancy in parotid gland tumors as classified by the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology
Authors: Park Woori , Bae Hyunsik , Park Min‐Hae , Hwang Na Young , Sohn Insuk , Cho Junhun , Jeong Han‐Sin 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (Milan System) has previously shown its diagnostic utility by categorizing the seven cytology findings in salivary gland lesions. However, there has been lack of study about the risk of high‐grade malignancy in the cytology diagnosis based on the Milan System. Thus, we tried to identify the diagnostic ability of the Milan System for high‐grade malignancy and to suggest an improved diagnostic approach for preoperative estimation of high‐grade malignancy using the Milan System.MethodsA total of 413 patients with parotid gland tumors, who had undergone surgical resection from 2011 to 2015 were included in the present study retrospectively. Cytopathology was reclassified according to the Milan System by two independent reviewers. The outcomes were risk of malignancy and risk of high‐grade malignancy. The diagnostic performance of the Milan System category [Malignant] for detecting high‐grade malignancy was calculated.ResultsThe risk of malignancy was 83.3% and 100% in the Milan System categories [Suspicious for Malignancy] and [Malignant], respectively. Meanwhile, the risk of high‐grade malignancy was 16.7% and 55.9% in these two categories. Disease‐free survival of patients with high‐grade malignancy was significantly worse than those with low‐ and intermediate‐grade malignancy. Union combining the Milan System category [Malignant] with the presence of nodal metastasis suggested high‐grade malignancy with an acceptable diagnostic sensitivity (0.889‐0.963) and negative predictive value (0.900‐0.966).ConclusionsThe Milan System category [Malignant] with the presence of nodal metastasis suggested parotid gland tumors as high‐grade malignancy in a pretreatment setting.
Preparation, chemical characterization and determination of crocetin's pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) aqueous extract to C57/BL6J mice
Authors: Christodoulou Eirini , Grafakou Maria-Eleni , Skaltsa Eleni , Kadoglou Nikolaos , Kostomitsopoulos Nikolaos , Valsami Georgia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To prepare a lyophilized saffron aqueous extract (SFE) and determine its chemical profile and serum and tissue pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration to C57/Bl6J mice.

Methods
Lyophilized SFE was prepared, characterized using semi-preparative HPLC and NMR analysis, and stability studies at room temperature, and was quantified for crocin content with an HPLC-PDA method. After intravenous and oral administration of SFE (60 mg/kg, reconstituted with water for injection) to C57/Bl6J mice, crocetin (derived from in vivo crocin hydrolysis) serum and tissue levels (unconjugated and total) were measured with an HPLC-PDA method and subjected to compartmental and non-compartmental PK analysis.

Key findings
Saffron aqueous extract was rich in all-trans-crocin (27.8 ± 0.1% w/w) and stable for more than 15 months. One-compartment PK model described crocetin's (unconjugated) kinetics after intravenous administration of SFE, while a first-order kinetic parameter described the rate of crocetin biotransformation to crocetin metabolite (conjugated). Α οne-compartment PK model with first-order absorption described crocetin and crocetin's metabolite kinetics after SFE oral administration. Relative oral bioavailability was calculated at 1.17 for total crocetin. Tissue NCA PK analysis revealed extensive crocetin distribution to liver and kidneys.

Conclusions
SFE is a stable lyophilized extract rich in all-trans-crocin. The PK study allowed the estimation of basic PK parameters and the bioavailability of SFE’s main bioactive component, crocetin, after peros administration.
Improvement of bone mineral density and markers of proximal renal tubular function in chronic hepatitis B patients switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide
Authors: Fong Tse‐Ling , Lee Brian T. , Tien Andy , Chang Mimi , Lim Carolina , Ahn Aiden , Bae Ho S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a novel prodrug that reduces tenofovir plasma levels by 90% compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), resulting in decreased bone mineral density (BMD) loss and renal toxicity. We aimed to study changes in BMD and markers of renal function of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients previously treated with TDF who were switched to TAF in as early as 12 weeks. This was a prospective single‐arm open‐label study of 75 CHB patients treated with TDF 300 mg daily who were switched to TAF 25 mg daily and followed for 24 weeks. All patients had been treated with TDF for at least 12 months and had HBV DNA <21 IU/mL at the time of switch. BMD and markers of renal function were taken on the day of switch and repeated after 12 and 24 weeks of TAF treatment. Hip and spine bone mineral density significantly increased from baseline to week 12 (+12.9% and +2.4%, respectively, P < 0.01). There were significant decreases in urinary beta‐2‐microglobulin to creatinine and retinol‐binding protein to creatinine ratios by week 12 (P < 0.01 for both). Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not change. Tubular reabsorption of phosphate was decreased at week 24 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CHB patients previously treated with TDF experienced significant improvement in bone density and some markers of renal tubular function and as early as 12 weeks after switching to TAF. Bone density changes associated with TDF may not be entirely related to renal handling of phosphate.
Rescue of Citrus sudden death‐associated virus in Nicotiana benthamiana plants from cloned cDNA: insights into mechanisms of expression of the three capsid proteins
Authors: Matsumura Emilyn E. , Coletta‐Filho Helvécio D. , Machado Marcos A. , Nouri Shahideh , Falk Bryce W. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryCitrus sudden death‐associated virus (CSDaV) is a member of the genus Marafivirus in the family Tymoviridae, and has been associated with citrus sudden death (CSD) disease in Brazil. Difficulties in the purification of CSDaV from infected citrus plants have prevented progress in the investigation of the role of this virus in CSD and an understanding of its molecular biology. In this work, we have constructed a full‐length cDNA clone of CSDaV driven by the 35S promoter (35SRbz‐CSDaV). Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated inoculation of 35SRbz‐CSDaV in Nicotiana benthamiana plants enabled a fast recovery of large amounts of virions from the agroinfiltrated leaves, which allowed a better molecular characterization of CSDaV. In vivo analyses of mutant versions of 35SRbz‐CSDaV revealed the expression strategies used by CSDaV for production of the capsid proteins (CPs). We showed that CSDaV virions contain three forms of CP, each of which is generated from the same coding sequence, but by different mechanisms. The major CPp21 is a product of direct translation by leaky scanning from the second start codon in the subgenomic RNA (sgRNA), whereas the minor CPs, p25 and p23, are produced by direct translation from the first start codon in the sgRNA and by trans‐proteolytic cleavage processing derived from the p25 precursor, respectively. Together, these findings contribute to advance our understanding of CSDaV genome expression strategies. In addition, the construction and characterization of the CSDaV infectious clone represent important steps towards the investigation of the role of this virus in CSD and of its use as a tool for citrus biotechnology.
Legumes—The art and science of environmentally sustainable agriculture
Authors: Foyer Christine H. , Nguyen Henry , Lam Hon‐Ming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSymbiotic nitrogen fixation, which is carried out by the legume‐rhizobia partnership, is a major source of nitrogen acquisition in natural ecosystems and in agriculture. The benefits to the plant gained through the rhizobial‐legume symbiosis can be further enhanced by associations of the legume with arbuscular mycorrhiza. The progressive engagement of the legume host with the rhizobial bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi requires an extensive exchange of signalling molecules. These signals alter the transcriptional profiles of the partners, guiding and enabling extensive microbial and fungal proliferation in the roots. Such interactions and associations are greatly influenced by environmental stresses, which also severely limit the productivity of legume crops. Part II of the Special Issue on Legumes provides new insights into the mechanisms that underpin sustainable symbiotic partnerships, as well as the effects of abiotic stresses, such as drought, waterlogging, and salinity on legume biology. The requirement for germplasm and new breeding methods is discussed as well as the future of legume production in the face of climate change.
Hierarchical Bayes small‐area estimation with an unknown link function
Authors: Sugasawa Shonosuke , Kubokawa Tatsuya , Rao J. N. K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractArea‐level unmatched sampling and linking models have been widely used as a model‐based method for producing reliable estimates of small‐area means. However, one practical difficulty is the specification of a link function. In this paper, we relax the assumption of a known link function by not specifying its form and estimating it from the data. A penalized‐spline method is adopted for estimating the link function, and a hierarchical Bayes method of estimating area means is developed using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method for posterior computations. Results of simulation studies comparing the proposed method with a conventional approach based on a known link function are presented. In addition, the proposed method is applied to data from the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure in Japan and poverty rates in Spanish provinces.
Temperament in preschool children with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Downes Michelle , de Haan Michelle , O’Leary Tess , Telfer Paul T , Kirkham Fenella J 
Published: December 2018

AimsFew studies have investigated the potential impact of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) on temperament. The aim of the current study was to investigate temperament in preschool children with SCA and to establish the reliability of the Children’s Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ) in this population.MethodsThe CBQ, a parent-report measure of temperament, was completed by parents of 21 preschool children with SCA and a control group of parents of typically developing children, matched for age, ethnicity and socioeconomic status.ResultsA significant difference between groups was identified for the dimension of negative affectivity only, with specific differences observed in the discomfort subdomain. Patients with a greater number of hospital admissions in the previous year were reported to have higher levels of discomfort.ConclusionsPreschool children with SCA are reported to have higher rates of negative affectivity, particularly discomfort. Future research is required to investigate the potential influence of dysregulated negative emotions and discomfort on disease management and quality of life throughout childhood.
Confronting recent history: Serbia’s ‘fateful eight’ and a decade of Kosovo’s independence in the Serbian Media (2008–2018)
Authors: Jovanović Srđan Mladenov 
Published: December 2018

Confronting recent history: Serbia’s ‘fateful eight’ and a decade of Kosovo’s independence in the Serbian Media (2008–2018)Serbia’s latest “fateful eight” – from the 1918 creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, to the student protests of 1968 – is by far the declaration of independence of its former southernmost province, Kosovo, in 2008. Having in mind that the Kosovo myth – much debated in scholarly circles – is a key instance in understanding Serbia’s nationalism ever since its inception in the nineteenth century, a strong discourse negating Kosovo’s independence has been promulgated by the media. Through the lens of media content analysis, the author tackles the Kosovo-related rhetoric within the media in Serbia’s recent history, from the declaration of Kosovo’s independence, to 2018. Stawiając czoła najnowszej historii: serbska „przełomowa ósemka” i dekada niepodległości Kosowa w serbskich mediach (2008–2018)Najnowszą z serbskich „przełomowych ósemek” – po utworzeniu Królestwa Serbów, Chorwatów i Słoweńców w roku 1918 i protestach studenckich w roku 1968 – jest bez wątpienia ogłoszenie niepodległości przez byłą południową prowincję Serbii, Kosowo, w 2008 roku. Ponieważ mit kosowski – wciąż będący przedmiotem dyskusji w kręgach akademickich – pozostaje kluczowy dla zrozumienia serbskiego nacjonalizmu już od chwili jego narodzin w dziewiętnastym wieku, media forsowały dyskurs wyraźnie przeciwny niepodległości Kosowa. Korzystając z metod analizy treści, autor przygląda się w tekście retoryce serbskich mediów dotyczącej Kosowa, od chwili ogłoszenia przez nie niepodległości w 2008 roku do roku 2018.
Złudne ósemki a "Czeskie pytanie". Strategie pisania Tomáša Garrigue’a Masaryka
Authors: Ćwiek-Rogalska Karolina 
Published: December 2018

Deceptive eights and The Czech Question: Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk’s writing strategiesThis article concerns the writing strategies present in Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk’s works, especially in The Czech Question. Firstly, the author shows the impact of the second edition of The Czech Question, published in 1908, on the discussion about the sense of Czech history. Secondly, she examines Masaryk’s writing strategies, showing to what extent they involve creating and, on the other hand, analysing Czech history. Złudne ósemki a Czeskie pytanie. Strategie pisania Tomáša Garrigue’a MasarykaW artykule podjęta zostaje problematyka strategii pisania obecnych w dziele T. G. Masaryka, zwłaszcza w jego Czeskim pytaniu. Po pierwsze, autorka pokazuje jaki wpływ miało drugie wydanie Czeskiego pytania, opublikowane w 1908 roku, na dyskusję o sensie czeskiej historii. Po drugie, autorka analizuje strategie pisania Masaryka, pokazując, do jakiego stopnia chodzi w nim o kreację, a do jakiego o analizę czeskiej historii.
Wstęp
Authors: Ćwiek-Rogalska Karolina , Daszuta Aneta , Mętrak Maciej 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionIntroduction to the 12th issue of “Adeptus” written by the Editorial Team. WstępWstęp do 12 numeru „Adeptusa” napisany przez zespół redakcyjny.
The semantic classification of adjectives in the Bulgarian Wordnet: Towards a multiclass approach
Authors: Dimitrova Tsvetana , Stefanova Valentina 
Published: December 2018

The semantic classification of adjectives in the Bulgarian Wordnet: Towards a multiclass approachThe paper presents an attempt at semantic classification of adjectives in the Bulgarian wordnet. Although designed for the Bulgarian wordnet, the classification can be applied to other wordnets which are developed in parallel to the Princeton WordNet. The classification relies on information that is already available in WordNet from other synsets (noun, verb, and other adjective synsets) that are linked to the adjective synsets via lexico-semantic relations - including their semantic classes, as well as definitions and usage examples. The first stage of the work was already presented at the workshop "Challenges for WordNets" within the conference "Language, Data and Knowledge 2017". The continuation of the effort as described in this article, covers a proposal for introducing additional semantic classes to the adjective synsets (if applicable). Semantyczna klasyfikacja przymiotników w bułgarskim Wordnecie: w kierunku podejścia wielopłaszczyznowegoW pracy przedstawiono próbę semantycznej klasyfikacji przymiotników w bułgarskim wordnecie. Chociaż została ona zaprojektowana dla wordnetu bułgarskiego, klasyfikacja może być zastosowana w innych wordnetach, które są rozwijane równolegle do Princeton WordNet. Klasyfikacja opiera się na informacjach, które są już dostępne w bułgarskim wordnecie pozyskanych z innych synsetów (rzeczownikowych, czasownikowych i innych przymiotnikowych), powiązanych z synsetami przymiotnikowymi poprzez relacje leksykalno-semantyczne, w tym ich klasy semantyczne, a także definicje i przykłady użycia. Pierwszy etap pracy został już przedstawiony, a kolejny obejmuje propozycję wprowadzenia dodatkowych klas semantycznych w synsetach przymiotnikowych (w stosownych przypadkach).