bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of Aspergillus niger NBC001 underlying suppression against Heterodera glycines
Authors: Jin Na , Liu Shi-Ming , Peng Huan , Huang Wen-Kun , Kong Ling-An , Wu Yu-Huan , Chen Yong-Pan , Ge Feng-Yong , Jian Heng , Peng De-Liang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHeterodera glycines is the most pervasive soybean pests worldwide. Biocontrol provides a strategy to sustainably control nematodes. In this study, 22 fungal isolates were obtained and identified from cysts of Heterodera spp. Among them, Aspergillus niger NBC001 showed high nematicidal activity against H. glycines. The 2-fold dilution of NBC001 culture filtrate caused 89% mortality of second-stage juveniles and inhibited more than 98% of egg hatching in vitro. In both pot and field experiments, the numbers of H. glycines cysts in soybean seedlings dressed with the the 5-fold concentrated culture filtrate of NBC001 were significantly reduced by 43% and 28%, respectively. In addition, application of NBC001 remarkably reduced the penetration of nematodes into the roots. Histochemical and fluorometric staining analyses indicate that application of NBC001 stimulated hydrogen peroxide activity in the roots and triggered callose deposition in the leaves and roots. Transcription of the PR1a and EREBP genes in the salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways was upregulated in soybean plants treated with NBC001. However, the application of concentrated culture filtrate of NBC001 had no significant impacts on the soil microbial community based on next generation DNA sequencing technology. In summary, NBC001 may be a good biocontrol agent against H. glycines via stimulation of the immunity/defense of the plant host.
Active smoking among people with diabetes mellitus or hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Noubiap Jean Jacques , Nansseu Jobert Richie , Endomba Francky Teddy , Ngouo Anderson , Nkeck Jan René , Nyaga Ulrich Flore , Kaze Arnaud D. , Bigna Jean Joel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe objective was to summarize existing data on the prevalence of active tobacco smoking among patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in Africa. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and AJOL to include studies published from January 01, 2000 to August 23, 2017 reporting on the prevalence of active smoking in individuals aged ≥15 years with hypertension or diabetes mellitus residing inside Africa. We used a random-effects meta-analysis model to pool studies. The pooled prevalence of active smoking among patients with hypertension or diabetes was 12.9% (95%CI: 10.6–15.3; 50 studies; 16,980 patients) and 12.9% (95%CI: 9.6–16.6; 42 studies; 18,564 patients), respectively. For both conditions, the prevalence of active smoking was higher in males than in females (p < 0.001), and in Northern compared to sub-Saharan Africa (p < 0.001). There was no difference between urban and rural settings, and between community-based and hospital-based studies, except for patients with diabetes for whom the prevalence was higher in hospital-based studies (p = 0.032). The prevalence of active smoking is high among patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus in Africa, with the heaviest burden in Northern Africa. Interventions for smoking prevention or cessation should be implemented in these high risk populations, targeting particularly the males.
Universal fluctuations in growth dynamics of economic systems
Authors: Frey Nathan C. , Matin Sakib , Stanley H. Eugene , Salinger Michael A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe growth of business firms is an example of a system of complex interacting units that resembles complex interacting systems in nature such as earthquakes. Remarkably, work in econophysics has provided evidence that the statistical properties of the growth of business firms follow the same sorts of power laws that characterize physical systems near their critical points. Given how economies change over time, whether these statistical properties are persistent, robust, and universal like those of physical systems remains an open question. Here, we show that the scaling properties of firm growth previously demonstrated for publicly-traded U.S. manufacturing firms from 1974 to 1993 apply to the same sorts of firms from 1993 to 2015, to firms in other broad sectors (such as materials), and to firms in new sectors (such as Internet services). We measure virtually the same scaling exponent for manufacturing for the 1993 to 2015 period as for the 1974 to 1993 period and virtually the same scaling exponent for other sectors as for manufacturing. Furthermore, we show that fluctuations of the growth rate for new industries self-organize into a power law over relatively short time scales.
Suppression of miRNA let-7i-5p promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and repairs heart function post injury by targetting CCND2 and E2F2
Authors: Hu Yinlan , Jin Guoqing , Li Bing , Chen Yanmei , Zhong Lintao , Chen Guojun , Chen Xiaoqiang , Zhong Jiayuan , Liao Wangjun , Liao Yulin , Wang Yuegang , Bin Jianping 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
MiRNAs regulate the cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle at the post-transcriptional level, affect cell proliferation, and intervene in harmed CM repair post-injury. The present study was undertaken to characterize the role of let-7i-5p in the processes of CM cell cycle and proliferation and to reveal the mechanisms thereof. In the present study, we used real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) to determine the up-regulated let-7i-5p in CMs during the postnatal switch from proliferation to terminal differentiation and further validated the role of let-7i-5p by loss- and gain-of-function of let-7i-5p in CMs in vitro and in vivo. We found that the overexpression of let-7i-5p inhibited CM proliferation, whereas the suppression of let-7i-5p significantly facilitated CM proliferation. E2F2 and CCND2 were identified as the targets of let-7i-5p, mediating its effect in regulating the cell cycle of CMs. Supperession of let-7i-5p promoted the recovery of heart function post-myocardial infarction by enhancing E2F2 and CCND2. Collectively, our results revealed that let-7i-5p is involved in the regulation of the CM cell cycle and further impacts proliferation, which may offer a new potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac repair after ischemic injury.
Mikrokosmos Praxisanleitung
Authors: Bender Andreas 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungEine gute pflegerische Ausbildung ist die Grundlage für die Arbeit mit Patienten
und ein erfüllendes Berufsleben. Wichtig ist dabei, dass die Anleitung
systematisch verläuft und sowohl den Bedürfnissen der Auszubildenden als auch
der Anleiterinnen entspricht. Unser Autor erläutert an einem Praxisbeispiel, wie
eine Anleitungssystematik auf einer allgemeinen, offen psychiatrischen
Akutstation erfolgreich implementiert wurde.
Motivierende Gesprächsführung
Authors: Weißkerber Maria 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungSuchtkranke Straftäter in der Forensik zu einer Behandlung zu motivieren, ist
häufig ein aussichtsloses Unterfangen. Wie es mithilfe der motivierenden
Gesprächsführung gelingen kann, ambivalentes Verhalten aufzulösen und die
Bereitschaft zur Veränderung zu wecken, erläutert unsere Autorin.
Die praktische Prüfung in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Rau Fritz-Stefan 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungBeim praktischen Examen in der Psychiatrie liegt der Fokus häufig auf der
Körperpflege. Doch ist das tatsächlich noch zeitgemäß und pädagogisch sinnvoll?
Unser Autor zeigt Alternativen auf und schildert, wie die praktische Prüfung an
seiner Schule gestaltet wird – dabei dürfen auch schon mal Waffeln gebacken
werden.
Forward-viewing echoendoscope versus standard echoendoscope for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition of solid lesions: a randomized, multicenter study
Authors: Larghi Alberto , Ibrahim Mostafa , Fuccio Lorenzo , Lekkerkerker Selma , Eisendrath Pierre , Frazzoni Leonardo , Fockens Paul , La Marca Marina , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Deviere Jacques , Costamagna Guido 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background A forward-viewing linear (FVL) echoendoscope has been developed with the aim of overcoming some of the limitations of standard curved linear-array (CLA) echoendoscopes. There are no existing studies comparing the performance of the two echoendoscopes for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) of solid lesions other than subepithelial lesions.
Methods This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial with a noninferiority design comparing FVL vs. CLA echoendoscopes in patients with solid lesions of the gastrointestinal tract or adjacent organs. Primary outcomes were successful identification of the lesion and success of EUS-TA. Secondary outcomes were safety, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the two different scopes for EUS-TA.
Results 126 patients with solid lesions were randomly assigned to the CLA group (63 patients) or the FVL group (63 patients). The two groups were homogeneous with no differences in terms of needle type used, mean number of passes, and site of EUS-TA. No differences were observed between the FVL vs. CLA scopes in identification of the lesion (96.8 % vs. 98.4 %; P > 0.99) and technical success of EUS-TA (92.1 % vs. 96.8 %; P = 0.44). No adverse events occurred. Overall, diagnostic accuracy (77.8 % vs. 84.1 %), sensitivity (76.6 % vs. 84.1 %), and specificity (81.3 % vs. 84.2 %) did not differ between the two groups.
Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that the FVL echoendoscope is noninferior to the CLA scope for the detection and performance of EUS-TA in patients with solid lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and adjacent organs. In addition, the FVL scope has the same diagnostic yield, accuracy, and safety as the CLA scope.
Entwicklung eines Okulopressors zur Evaluation der Funktionalität von Glaukomdrainage-Implantaten
Authors: Kopp Franziska , Koschmieder Anita , Stahnke Thomas , Pfensig Sylvia , Specht Olaf , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Guthoff Rudolf , Siewert Stefan 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Evaluation der langfristigen Wirksamkeit von MIGS-Implantaten ist zurzeit noch schwierig, da entsprechende Langzeitstudien fehlen. Auch werden unterschiedliche Wirkmechanismen der verschiedenen Implantate nicht immer diskutiert. Ziel dieser Studie war die Entwicklung einer Okulopressions-Methode zur Untersuchung der Funktionalität und der Effektivität von Glaukomdrainage-Implantaten.
Material und Methoden Explantierte Schweinebulbi wurden 3 verschiedenen Okulopressoren mit unterschiedlichen Funktionsprinzipien und Belastungsniveaus ausgesetzt. Der zeitabhängige Verlauf des Augeninnendruckes wurde über einen Infusionsstutzen direkt in der Vorderkammer gemessen. Der Honan-Ballon übt über eine Pelotte variablen Druck auf das Auge aus, während der Taylor-Okulopressor mit einem definierten Gewicht das Auge belastet. Es wurde ein neuer Okulopressor mit einem Auflagegewicht von 60 g entwickelt und mithilfe von 3-D-Druck-Technologie gefertigt.
Ergebnisse Die beobachteten Druckverläufe waren für alle Okulopressoren gleich, mit je nach Gerät und Belastungsniveau unterschiedlichen Maximalwerten. Die Handhabung des Honan-Ballons war für die vorgesehene Anwendung aufgrund der schlechten Standardisierbarkeit der Belastung nicht geeignet. Die Okulopression mit einem definierten Gewicht erschien geeigneter. Aufgrund der mit dem Taylor-Okulopressor erreichten sehr hohen Druckwerte von bis zu 203,3 ± 38,4 mmHg ist dieser jedoch für eine Anwendung bei Glaukompatienten ausgeschlossen. Basierend auf diesen Daten wurde der neu entwickelte Okulopressor im Rahmen erster Untersuchungen mit Probanden getestet und damit der Einsatz im Rahmen klinischer Studien vorbereitet.
Schlussfolgerung Das Prinzip der Okulopression ermöglicht potenziell eine Funktionsüberprüfung von Glaukomdrainage-Implantaten. Die kommerziell verfügbaren Okulopressoren sind für diesen Zweck jedoch nicht unmittelbar anwendbar. Die komplizierte Handhabung, die sehr hohen Druckwerte, die erzeugt werden, und die schlechte Standardisierbarkeit lassen nur bedingt einen Einsatz am Glaukompatienten zu. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein einfach zu handhabender Okulopressor entwickelt, der eine definierte IOD-Steigerung ermöglicht. Dieser Okulopressor wird aktuell in einer klinischen Studie erfolgreich eingesetzt, um die Wirksamkeit von MIGS-Implantaten zu untersuchen.
TACE, DEE-TACE, and Its Evolution in Metastatic Disease
Authors: Byers Luke , Brown Matthew , Johnson D. , Rochon Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntra-arterial hepatic therapy is a relatively new technique popularized in the 1990s and 2000s and is built on decades of incremental development and discovery. Intra-arterial oncologic embolization therapy broadly includes transarterial embolization, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), drug-eluting embolic transarterial chemoembolization, and transarterial radioembolization. These therapies have been included in the multidisciplinary treatment algorithm of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic disease. Barcelona Clinic for Liver Cancer treatment guidelines specifically recommends TACE for the treatment of intermediate stage HCC. Research and clinical practice have seen extension of intra-arterial therapy to also broadly include unresectable HCC in many circumstances including palliation and a bridge to transplant. Some evidence also suggests an expanding role for intra-arterial therapy in the context of other primary liver neoplasms as well as metastatic disease with general considerations carrying over from the experience of treating HCC. In general, the efficacy of these treatments is similar, and selection of therapy is based on physician expertise and preference.
Machine Learning and Data Analytics in Pervasive Health
Authors: Oliver Nuria , Marschollek Michael , Mayora Oscar 
Published: January 2019

Summary
Introduction: This accompanying editorial provides a brief introduction to this focus theme, focused on “Machine Learning and Data Analytics in Pervasive Health”.
Objective: The innovative use of machine learning technologies combining small and big data analytics will support a better provisioning of healthcare to citizens. This focus theme aims to present contributions at the crossroads of pervasive health technologies and data analytics as key enablers for achieving personalised medicine for diagnosis and treatment purposes.
Methods: A call for paper was announced to all participants of the “11th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare”, to different working groups of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) and European Federation of Medical Informatics (EFMI) and was published in June 2017 on the website of Methods of Information in Medicine. A peer review process was conducted to select the papers for this focus theme.
Results: Four papers were selected to be included in this focus theme. The paper topics cover a broad range of machine learning and data analytics applications in healthcare including detection of injurious subtypes of patient-ventilator asynchrony, early detection of cognitive impairment, effective use of small data sets for estimating the performance of radiotherapy in bladder cancer treatment, and the use negation detection in and information extraction from unstructured medical texts.
Conclusions: The use of machine learning and data analytics technologies in healthcare is facing a renewed impulse due to the availability of large amounts and new sources of human behavioral and physiological data, such as that captured by mobile and pervasive devices traditionally considered as nonmainstream for healthcare provision and management.
Cytotoxic CD8+T lymphocytes expressing ALS-causing SOD1 mutant selectively trigger death of spinal motoneurons
Authors: Coque Emmanuelle , Salsac Céline , Espinosa-Carrasco Gabriel , Varga Béla , Degauque Nicolas , Cadoux Marion , Crabé Roxane , Virenque Anaïs , Soulard Claire , Fierle Julie K. , Brodovitch Alexandre , Libralato Margot , Végh Attila G. , Venteo Stéphanie , Scamps Frédérique , Boucraut José , Laplaud David , Hernandez Javier , Gergely Csilla , Vincent Thierry , Raoul Cédric 
Published: January 2019

SignificanceCD8+T lymphocytes, which are typically devoted to eliminate malignant and infected cells, have been described in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients and mice with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, their role in ALS pathogenesis has yet to be unraveled. Here, we show that ablation of CD8+T cells in ALS mice increased the number of surviving motoneurons. CD8+T cells expressing the ALS-causing superoxide dismutase-1 mutant protein recognize and selectively kill motoneurons in vitro. To exert their cytotoxic function, mutant CD8+T cells required presentation of the antigen-MHC-I complex at the surface of the motoneurons. Analysis of T cell receptor diversity supports the evidence that self-reactive CD8+T lymphocytes infiltrate the CNS of ALS mice to exert cytotoxic function.
Effects of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement Versus Social Support on Negative Affective Interference During Inhibitory Control Among Opioid-Treated Chronic Pain Patients: A Pilot Mechanistic Study
Authors: Garland Eric L , Bryan Myranda A , Priddy Sarah E , Riquino Michael R , Froeliger Brett , Howard Matthew O 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Among opioid-treated chronic pain patients, deficient response inhibition in the context of emotional distress may contribute to maladaptive pain coping and prescription opioid misuse. Interventions that aim to bolster cognitive control and reduce emotional reactivity (e.g., mindfulness) may remediate response inhibition deficits, with consequent clinical benefits.

Purpose
To test the hypothesis that a mindfulness-based intervention, Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), can reduce the impact of clinically relevant, negative affective interference on response inhibition function in an opioid-treated chronic pain sample.

Methods
We examined data from a controlled trial comparing adults with chronic pain and long-term prescription opioid use randomized to either MORE (n = 27) treatment or to an active support group comparison condition (n = 30). Participants completed an Emotional Go/NoGo Task at pre- and post-treatment, which measured response inhibition in neutral and clinically relevant, negative affective contexts (i.e., exposure to pain-related visual stimuli).

Results
Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that compared with the support group, participants in MORE evidenced significantly greater reductions from pre- to post-treatment in errors of commission on trials with pain-related distractors relative to trials with neutral distractors, group × time × condition F(1,55) = 4.14, p = .047, η2partial = .07. Mindfulness practice minutes and increased nonreactivity significantly predicted greater emotional response inhibition. A significant inverse association was observed between improvements in emotional response inhibition and treatment-related reductions in pain severity by 3-month follow-up.

Conclusions
Study results provide preliminary evidence that MORE enhances inhibitory control function in the context of negative emotional interference.
Roots
Authors: Como James 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
‘Roots’ recounts Clive Staples Lewis’s early life in a close-knit Christian family—his parents, Albert and Flora, and his brother, Warren—in County Down, Northern Ireland. His atheism was probably triggered by his mother’s death when he was not quite ten. His early schooling was much improved by his private tutor, William T. Kirkpatrick, who added dialectical precision to the rhetorical and argumentative disposition Lewis inherited from Albert. The impact of George MacDonald’s Phantastes on Lewis is highlighted, along with his service in World War I; his time as an undergraduate at Keble College, Oxford; his election to a fellowship at Magdalen College; his diary writing; and his conversion to Christianity.
End game
Authors: Como James 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
‘End game’ describes the growing friendship between C. S. Lewis and T. S. Eliot as well as the dislike held between Lewis and F. R. Leavis and his followers, the Leavisites. It describes his works, A Study in Words (1960) and An Experiment in Criticism (1961), as well as his numerous short essays, many of which dealt with religious themes, with the interaction of religion and society, with social and cultural features as he saw them, or with cultural mistakes. It also outlines The Discarded Image (1964), which was a masterly introduction to medieval and Renaissance literature. Ill health forced his resignation and he died on 22 November 1963.
A Simplified Definition of Histologic Improvement in Ulcerative Colitis and its Association With Disease Outcomes up to 30 Weeks from Initiation of Therapy: Post Hoc Analysis of Three Clinical Trials
Authors: Li Katherine , Strauss Richard , Marano Colleen , Greenbaum Linda E , Friedman Joshua R , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Brodmerkel Carrie , De Hertogh Gert 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Histologic evaluation is a meaningful complement to endoscopic and clinical measures in ulcerative colitis [UC]. There is a need for a definition of histologic improvement that can be used in clinical trials, and any such definition must be predictive of disease outcomes.

Methods
Biopsies were collected from clinical trials (PURSUIT-SC [n = 98], JAK-UC [n = 219], and PROgECT [n = 103]) in patients with moderate-to-severe UC. A pathologist assessed biopsies in a blinded fashion using the Geboes score. A dichotomous histologic improvement end point was defined by selecting Geboes score elements according to their association strength with endoscopic healing. Fisher’s exact test and Cramer’s V assessed the association of histology with other measures.

Results
Using PURSUIT-SC biopsies, histologic improvement was defined as absence of erosion or ulceration, absence of crypt destruction, and <5% of crypts with epithelial neutrophil infiltration. Histologic improvement was associated with endoscopic healing, as >90% of those with endoscopic healing in JAK-UC [Week 8] and PROgECT [Week 30] achieved histologic improvement. In JAK-UC, patients with histologic improvement had lower disease activity than patients without histologic improvement’ [Mayo score = 3.8 vs 7.5] at Week 8. Week 4 histologic improvement was a strong indicator of histologic improvement, endoscopic healing, and clinical response or remission at Week 8 [all p < 0.005]. In PROgECT, 73% of patients with histologic improvement at Week 6 achieved histologic improvement at Week 30 [p = 0.0013].

Conclusions
Histologic improvement based on a simplified, dichotomous Geboes score is associated with favourable endoscopic and clinical outcomes across multiple clinical studies and two therapeutic mechanisms of action.
ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00487539 [PURSUIT-SC]; NCT01959282 [JAK-UC]; NCT01988961 [PROgECT].