bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of river water recharge to the San Joaquin Valley groundwater system
Authors: Visser Ate , Moran Jean E. , Singleton Michael J. , Esser Bradley K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGroundwater is not a sustainable resource, unless abstraction is balanced by recharge. Identifying the sources of recharge in a groundwater basin is critical for sustainable groundwater management. We studied the importance of river water recharge to groundwater in the south‐eastern San Joaquin Valley (24,000 km2, population 4 million). We combined dissolved noble gas concentrations, stable isotopes, tritium, and carbon‐14 analyses to analyse the sources, mechanisms, and timescales of groundwater recharge. Area‐representative groundwater sampling and numerical model input data enabled a stable isotope mass balance and quantitative estimates of river and local recharge. River recharge, identified by a lighter stable isotope signature, represents 47 ± 4% of modern groundwater in the San Joaquin Valley (recharged after 1950) but only 26 ± 4% of premodern groundwater (recharged before 1950). This implies that the importance of river water recharge in the San Joaquin valley has nearly doubled and is likely the result of a 40% increase in total recharge, caused by river water irrigation return flows and increased stream depletion and river recharge due to groundwater pumping. Compared with the large and long‐duration capacity for water storage in the subsurface, storage of water in rivers is limited in time and volume, as evidenced by cold river recharge temperatures resulting from fast infiltration and recharge. Groundwater banking of seasonal surface water flows and expansion of managed aquifer recharge practices therefore appear to be a natural and promising method for increasing the resilience of the San Joaquin Valley water supply system.
Domestic investment responses to changes in the real exchange rate: Asymmetries of appreciation versus depreciation
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Halicioglu Ferda , Neumann Rebecca 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe examine how movements in the real exchange rate impact private domestic investment. Importantly, we consider whether investment responds differently to real depreciations versus real appreciations. Using a sample of 6 emerging markets over 1980 to 2014, we show that considering asymmetric responses provides an important contribution to this literature. Previous mixed results that assume symmetric responses may be better explained by considering such asymmetric effects.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines as Potential Telomerase Inhibitors
Authors: Kosbar Tamer R. , Abou‐Zeid Laila , Sofan Mamdouh A. 
Published: February 2018

Series of novel pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines as potential telomerase inhibitors were synthesized. Results of the antitumor assay indicated that compounds 4b, 5a–b, 13b,c, and 14a,b exhibited the most potent activity (IC50 from 39 to 43 μM) against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (EAC). Also, the newly synthesized compounds were examined for telomerase inhibition by the known a TRAP assay. The results showed that compound 13c has remarkable inhibition activity with IC50 value of 30 μM. On the other hand, computational studies were performed to the titled compounds to get insight in their degree of recognition with the conserved amino acids of the telomerase enzyme active site (code: 3DU6) as promising lead in the cancer cure era.
Animal models of multiple sclerosis: Focus on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Bjelobaba Ivana , Begovic‐Kupresanin Vesna , Pekovic Sanja , Lavrnja Irena 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects more than two million people worldwide. Several animal models resemble MS pathology; the most employed are experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and toxin‐ and/or virus‐induced demyelination. In this review we will summarize our knowledge on the utility of different animal models in MS research. Although animal models cannot replicate the complexity and heterogeneity of the MS pathology, they have proved to be useful for the development of several drugs approved for treatment of MS patients. This review focuses on EAE because it represents both clinical and pathological features of MS. During the past decades, EAE has been effective in illuminating various pathological processes that occur during MS, including inflammation, CNS penetration, demyelination, axonopathy, and neuron loss mediated by immune cells.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Outpatient‐Acquired Catheter‐Related Bloodstream Infections in Children Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Wozniak Laura J. , Bechtold Hannah M. , Reyen Laurie E. , Chan Alvin P. , Marcus Elizabeth A. , Vargas Jorge H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have examined the epidemiology and risk factors for the development of outpatient‐acquired catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in children receiving home parenteral nutrition. This study aimed to (1) characterize the incidence, clinical presentation, and epidemiology of CRBSIs and (2) identify risk factors for CRBSIs in children receiving home parenteral nutrition.MethodsA longitudinal database approved by our Institutional Review Board was created to prospectively track CRBSIs in the UCLA pediatric population from January to December 2012. Eligible patients included those < 18 years old receiving home parenteral nutrition.ResultsThirty of 60 patients (50%) were diagnosed with 66 CRBSIs, for an overall CRBSI rate of 3.6 per 1000 catheter days. Of the CRBSIs, 73% were due to single microorganisms and 27% were polymicrobial. There was a significant difference in median (range) time for blood cultures to turn positive depending on type of CRBSIs (p = 0.03), with polymicrobial infections detected at 13.4 (8.7–24.3) hours, gram‐negative infections at 16.5 (9–30.8) hours, and gram‐positive infections at 18.9 (8.4–37.1) hours. The most common presenting symptom was fever (82%), followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (42%) and chills (29%). The only significant multivariate risk factor for CRBSIs was presence of a feeding tube (2.3‐fold increase in CRBSI risk, p = 0.04).DiscussionOutpatient‐acquired CRBSIs are common in children receiving home parenteral nutrition. CRBSIs typically present with fever, but are also associated with gastrointestinal and/or respiratory symptoms. The presence of feeding tubes may predispose children on home parenteral nutrition to developing CRBSIs.
Enhancement of Raman scattering signal using photonic nanojet of portable and reusable single microstructures
Authors: Arya Akash , Laha Ranjit , Das Gour Mohan , Dantham Venkata Ramanaiah 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report the enhancement of Raman scattering signal for the first time using photonic nanojet of a lollipop‐shaped microstructure (LMS) fabricated with the help of a nanosecond CO2 laser. The LMS consists of a dielectric microsphere attached to a long stem/tapered fiber. The enhancement was achieved by focusing the incident laser light on sample surface through the microsphere of LMS. The experimentally observed enhancement was found to be comparable with that obtained from commercial microspheres that are not attached to any stems. The value of enhancement was found to increase with the microsphere diameter. The dielectric stems/tapered fibers alone of the LMS are found not efficient for enhancing the Raman scattering signals. In contrast to the commercial microspheres, the fabricated LMSs are easy to handle, portable, and reusable. Also, unlike commercial microspheres, these LMSs allow the enhancement of Raman scattering without modifying the surface of substrates containing sample. Hence, these LMSs are extremely useful in the case of photonic nanojet‐mediated surface‐enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence techniques for enhancing the Raman scattering and fluorescence signals of single/few molecules, respectively.
Effect of ultrasound dielectric pretreatment on the oxidation resistance of vacuum‐fried apple chips
Authors: Shen Xu , Zhang Min , Bhandari Bhesh , Guo Zhimei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to investigate the effect of ultrasound dielectric pretreatment on the oxidation resistance of vacuum‐fried apple chips, apple slices were pretreated at ultrasonic powers of 150, 250 and 400 W for times of 10, 20 and 30 min before vacuum frying. The quality and oxidation resistance of fried apple were evaluated by testing the dielectric properties and comparing the moisture content, oil uptake, color, acid value (AV) and peroxide value (PV) of apple chips.RESULTSUltrasonic treatment significantly changed the dielectric properties of apple slices. Moisture and oil contents of apple chips decreased with increasing ultrasonic power and time. During storage, the color retention of fried apple chips processed by ultrasound was improved. AV and PV values of fried apple chips processed by ultrasound were lower, which improved their antioxidant properties.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study indicated that ultrasound dielectric pretreatment improved not only the quality of vacuum‐fried apple chips but also their antioxidant properties. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Carbon balance as affected by biosolid application in reforestations
Authors: Valdecantos Alejandro , Fuentes David 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSoils of Mediterranean drylands are characterized by a low fertility and organic matter content because of past land use and disturbances regime. The restoration of these degraded lands faces at the same time problems related to water scarcity and the unpredictability of precipitations with problems with soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. Organic amendments may help to improve soil properties and, consequently, enhance planted seedling establishment and performance. In this study, we assessed the C balance of 3 Mediterranean areas planted with Pinus halepensis Mill. seedlings with different treatments of biosolid application. The assessment was conducted at different times after the establishment of treatments and the C dynamics are discussed. We considered 3 biosolid types (air‐dried, fresh sludge, and composted sludge) in application doses ranging from 10 to 320 Mg (d.w.) ha−1. We quantified basal area, pine biomass, biomass of spontaneous vegetation, litter, root density, and soil organic matter. All 3 experimental restoration studies improved restoration success in terms of basal area (ranging from 15% to 300%), especially in composted biosolid at 30 Mg (d.w.) ha−1, whereas litter and, especially, root biomass increased with all biosolid treatments and times since application. Soil organic C was higher in application doses above 30 Mg (dry weight) ha−1 due to the organic matter applied with the sludges. The increment in C sequestration rates associated to these restoration treatments ranged between 0.046 and 0.293 kg C m2 yr−1. These results confirm the suitability of organic amendments as restoration technique in Mediterranean degraded drylands.
Associations Between Enteral Nutrition and Acute Respiratory Infection Among Patients in New York Metropolitan Region Pediatric Long‐Term Care Facilities
Authors: Burgermaster Marissa , Murray Meghan , Saiman Lisa , Seres David S. , Larson Elaine L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPediatric long‐term care facilities (pLTCF) serve a complicated and resource‐intensive patient population with high usage of nutrition support. However, the relationship between nutrition support and outcomes among pLTCF residents is not well understood. We described this relationship in three metropolitan New York pLTCF and a subsample of infants from one of these facilities with a feeding disorders unit.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we used logistic regression to assess relationships between enteral nutrition (EN), and acute respiratory infections (ARI) among residents (n = 720, 50% male, mean age = 5.5 years, mean number comorbidities = 2.1) and infant subsample (<1 year, n = 208, 50% male, mean number comorbidities = 2.0). We tested these associations in multivariable models controlling for numbers of comorbidities and infections.ResultsMany residents received nutrition via percutaneous (59%) or nasogastric (15%) feeding tubes. In univariate analyses, residents receiving EN had more comorbidities. In multivariable analyses, EN was associated with ARI (incidence rate ratio = 1.65, p < .001). Among infants in the specialized unit, greater risk of ARI was associated only with percutaneous (incidence rate ratio = 1.94, p < .01) feeding. EN was associated with lower odds of being discharged home (OR = 0.45, p < .01).ConclusionThe prevalence of EN, complexity of cases, and necessity of long‐term EN make nutrition support important in pLTCFs. Differences in EN types and adverse outcomes in the infant subsample suggest different care is necessary for this subpopulation. Results provide context for improving quality of care and clinician/caregiver education for this population.
Late Pleistocene hares of the Japanese archipelago: Paleobiogeographic implication at the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Sawaura Ryohei , Sawada Junmei , Sato Takao , Suzuki Toshihiko , Sasaki Keiichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Tsugaru Strait is often referred to as Blakiston's Line in biogeography. Although this strait is thought to have become narrower during the Last Glacial Maximum, it did not close completely to form a land bridge. Sea‐level drawdown associated with cooling nevertheless weakened the influence of the Tsugaru Strait as a barrier to faunal migration. The currently accepted hypothesis is that only some large and highly mobile ungulates were able to migrate to Honshu over this strait to the exclusion of small mammals. However, this remains problematic as very few fossils corroborate this idea, and quantitative identification methods for use with tiny fragments of teeth have not been developed. In this study, we determine which of the species Lepus timidus (now distributed on Hokkaido and to the north) and Lepus brachyurus (now mainly distributed on Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu) can accurately be identified within a sample of Late Pleistocene Lepus sp. fossils recently unearthed from the Shitsukari‐Abe cave to the immediate south of the Tsugaru Strait. This is because we are unable to exclude the possibility that these fossils are referable to L. timidus on the basis of site location alone. Thus, utilising images of mandibular third premolar teeth obtained via microcomputed tomography scanning, we report (a) linear measurements, (b) a survey of the frequency of appearance of nonmetric traits, and (c) principal component analysis using landmark methods. The results show that fossil representatives of the genus Lepus can be differentiated from extant L. timidus and closely resemble L. brachyurus. Considering the past allopatric distribution of the 2 species suggested by other studies as well as fossil records around the Tsugaru Strait, this result corroborates the existing hypothesis that only large and highly mobile ungulates were able to navigate the Tsugaru Strait.
Chart validation of inpatient ICD‐9‐CM administrative diagnosis codes for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among intravenous immune globulin (IGIV) users in the Sentinel Distributed Database
Authors: Ammann Eric M. , Schweizer Marin L. , Robinson Jennifer G. , Eschol Jayasheel O. , Kafa Rami , Girotra Saket , Winiecki Scott K. , Fuller Candace C. , Carnahan Ryan M. , Leonard Charles E. , Haskins Cole , Garcia Crystal , Chrischilles Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Sentinel Distributed Database (SDD) is a large database of patient‐level administrative health care records, primarily derived from insurance claims and electronic health records, and is sponsored by the US Food and Drug Administration for medical product safety evaluations. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common study endpoint for drug safety studies that rely on health records from the SDD and other administrative databases.PurposeIn this chart validation study, we report on the positive predictive value (PPV) of inpatient International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification AMI administrative diagnosis codes (410.x1 and 410.x0) in the SDD.MethodsAs part of an assessment of thromboembolic adverse event risk following treatment with intravenous immune globulin, charts were obtained for 103 potential post–intravenous immune globulin AMI cases. Charts were abstracted by trained nurses and physician‐adjudicated based on prespecified diagnostic criteria.ResultsAcute myocardial infarction status could be determined for 89 potential cases. The PPVs for the inpatient AMI diagnoses recorded in the SDD were 75% overall (95% CI, 65‐84%), 93% (95% CI, 78‐99%) for principal‐position diagnoses, 88% (95% CI, 72‐97%) for secondary diagnoses, and 38% (95% CI, 20‐59%) for position‐unspecified diagnoses (eg, diagnoses originating from separate physician claims associated with an inpatient stay). Of the confirmed AMI cases, demand ischemia was the suspected etiology more often for those coded in secondary or unspecified positions (72% and 40%, respectively) than for principal‐position AMI diagnoses (21%).ConclusionsThe PPVs for principal and secondary AMI diagnoses were high and similar to estimates from prior chart validation studies. Position‐unspecified diagnosis codes were less likely to represent true AMI cases.
Short poly(ethylene glycol) block initiation of poly(l‐lactide) di‐block copolymers: a strategy for tuning the degradation of resorbable devices
Authors: Azhari Zein , McMahon Sean , Pierucci Luca , Wang Wenxin , Cameron Ruth E 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe current range of medical applications of resorbable polyesters could be hugely expanded if more effective strategies for tailoring degradation rate were available. Block copolymerisation with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been shown to reduce degradation times; however, to date, this has relied on the addition of PEG to short lengths of polyester. This results in copolymers with high fractions of PEG and low molecular weights, reducing the potential range of applications. Furthermore, there has been no systematic study of the relative lengths of the blocks. In this work, we employed short hydroxyl‐functionalised methoxy‐terminated mPEG to initiate the synthesis of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA), resulting in controlled di‐block copolymers with short mPEG blocks and long PLLA blocks. A controlled series of polymers was made with PLLA lengths (60 < Mn (kg mol−1) < 200) and mPEG lengths (550 < Mn (g mol−1) < 5000) giving very low mPEG content (0.1–1.5 wt%). We found that, despite the low fraction of mPEG, water uptake and the rate of hydrolytic degradation, k, increased. Significantly, k for the polymers was dependent only on the presence of mPEG, and was little affected by mPEG length or PLLA length in the ranges studied. Moreover, mass loss began in all polymers when Mn of the polymer fell below a threshold of about 20 kg mol−1 and depended on both the initial molecular weight of PLLA and the presence (but not the length) of mPEG. Short‐chain mPEG therefore provides a new route for targeted, temporal control of resorbable polyesters for biomedical devices. © 2018 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Colorimetric detection of Hg2+ using a mixture of an anionic azo dye and a cationic polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution
Authors: Inoue Koshiro , Aikawa Shunichi , Fukushima Yasumasa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe investigated a colorimetric chemosensor for Hg2+ based on a mixture of xylidyl blue I as an anionic organic dye and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) as a cationic polyelectrolyte in an aqueous solution at pH 7.5. The addition of Hg2+ to the mixture induced a bathochromic shift in the absorption spectra with a distinct color change from red to green which was readily identifiable by the naked eye, whereas the other metal ions gave rise to insignificant color changes. By contrast, upon adding Hg2+ to xylidyl blue I alone, the solution underwent no significant change in color. Moreover, a stoichiometric ratio for the complex between xylidyl blue I and Hg2+ in the presence of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) was determined to be 1:1 by the absorption titration curve and Job's plot. Thus, the mixture can be used as a selective naked‐eye colorimetric chemosensor for Hg2+ over other common metal ions. This study raises the possibility that the combination of an organic dye and an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte is a potential candidate for the easy construction of a new chemosensor system. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Mild incorporation of CO2 into epoxides: Application to nonisocyanate synthesis of poly(hydroxyurethane) containing triazole segment by polyaddition of novel bifunctional five‐membered cyclic carbonate and diamines
Authors: Aoyagi Naoto , Furusho Yoshio , Endo Takeshi 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe cyclic amidinium iodide effectively catalyzed the ring‐expansion addition of epoxides with carbon dioxide under ordinary pressure and mild conditions to obtain the corresponding five‐membered cyclic carbonates in high yield. The novel triazole‐linked bifunctional five‐membered cyclic carbonate was synthesized successfully by the click reaction of the azide‐ and the alkyne‐substituted five‐membered cyclic carbonates under ambient temperature in high yield. The chemical structure of the novel bis(cyclic carbonate) was characterized by one‐ and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The obtained bis(cyclic carbonate) was converted with commercially available diamines to poly(hydroxyurethane) containing triazole segment without catalyst in high yield. Analyses of the resulting poly(hydroxyurethane)s were performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 986–993
Bio‐based comb‐like copolymers derived from alkyl 10‐undecenoates and maleic anhydride
Authors: Ferraz Fernando Augusto , Muniz Aline Silva , Santos Oliveira Angelo Roberto dos , Ferreira César‐Oliveira Maria Aparecida 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article, 10‐undecenoic acid, based on castor oil, was used a raw material for the synthesis of alternating copolymers. ω‐Unsaturated fatty esters as alkyl 10‐undecenoates were prepared by the esterification reaction of 10‐undecenoic acid with alkyl alcohol. A series of comb‐like copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization from maleic anhydride and alkyl 10‐undecenoates copolymers with different length of alkyl side chains in a toluene solution. These copolymers were investigated by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The copolymers were obtained in a low molecular weight in a range 3370–12,240 g mol−1 and their structural characterization indicated the formation of alternating copolymers. DSC characterization revealed that these comb‐like copolymers showed amorphous to semicrystalline behavior by increasing the length of side chains. The bio‐based comb‐like copolymers allow for the development of new polymeric materials for several applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1039–1045