bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Step‐counting accuracy of activity monitors in persons with Down syndrome
Authors: Bertapelli F. , Curtis J. S. , Carlson B. , Johnson M. , Abadie B. , Agiovlasitis S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAccelerometers and pedometers have been used to monitor the number of steps. However, the evidence on the step‐counting accuracy of these devices – especially accelerometers – is limited in persons with Down syndrome (DS). This study therefore examined the accuracy of accelerometers placed on the hip or wrist and of a pedometer with a uni‐axial accelerometer mechanism in measuring steps in persons with DS and whether device error is associated with walking speed, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, leg length, age or sex.MethodSeventeen persons with DS (eight women and nine men; age 33 ± 15 years) walked over‐ground for 6 min at their preferred speed. The steps were measured with a hip‐worn and a wrist‐worn ActiGraph accelerometer using the manufacturer's default (DF) and low‐frequency extension (LFE) filters, and with the NL‐1000 New Lifestyles pedometer on the hip. Steps were also measured with hand tally which served as the criterion.ResultsAbsolute percent error was considerable and differed statistically between devices (P = 0.001); however, error improved for accelerometers when LFE was applied (Hip‐DF: 31.6 ± 18.8%; Hip‐LFE: 9.7 ± 12.8%; Wrist‐DF: 32.7 ± 14.2%; Wrist‐LFE: 13.6 ± 10.2%; Pedometer: 23.2 ± 22.8%). Bland–Altman plots indicated underestimation of steps for accelerometers and the pedometer. Application of LFE, however, improved the prediction of the accelerometers. The number of steps measured by the hip accelerometer with LFE and by the pedometer did not differ statistically from actual steps. Steps by the remaining methods were significantly lower than hand tally (P ≤ 0.001). Correlations between percent error for each device and walking speed, anthropometry, age or sex ranged between −0.28 and +0.48, and were non‐significant, except for age.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated that the pedometer and ActiGraph accelerometers have considerable error in measuring steps of persons with DS. Application of LFE, however, significantly improved the step‐counting performance of the Actigraph accelerometers.
Stressful Life Events and Physical and Psychological Health: Mediating Effects of Differentiation of Self in a Spanish Sample
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Martiño , Schweer‐Collins Maria , Skowron Elizabeth A. , Jódar Rafael , Cagigal Virginia , Major Sofia O. 
Published: September 2018

The pathways between differentiation of self and health remain only partly elucidated. This cross‐cultural study sought to test Bowen's hypothesis about the associations between differentiation, stressful life events, and physical and psychological health, in a sample of 466 Spanish adults. Results show that people with higher levels of differentiation were less prone to physical ailments (e.g., heart disease, cancer, or blood disorders) and psychological symptoms (e.g., depression or anxiety). Further, differentiation mediated the association between stress (i.e., perceived negativity of stress in the past year and number of stressful events across the lifetime) and physical and psychological health. The current research provides cross‐cultural empirical evidence for the links between differentiation and mind and body health in a Mediterranean culture.
The Influence of Culture on Attitudes Towards Humanoid and Animal‐like Robots: An Integrative Review
Authors: Papadopoulos Irena , Koulouglioti Christina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the present review is to explore the influence of culture on attitudes towards humanoid and animal‐like robots.DesignAn integrative review of current evidence.MethodsMedline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched from 2000 to 2017. A total of 22 articles met the inclusion criteria and were retrieved and analyzed.FindingsCulture influences attitudes and preferences towards robots, but due to the limitations of the reviewed studies, concrete conclusions cannot be made. More consistent evidence was found with regard to the influence of culture on nonverbal behaviors and communication styles, with people being more accepting of a robot that behaved more closely to their own culture.ConclusionsThe research field of human–robot interaction provides the current evidence on the influence that culture has on attitudes towards humanoid and animal‐like robots, but more research that is guided by strong theoretical frameworks is needed.Clinical RelevanceWith the increased use of humanoid robots in the healthcare system, it is imperative that nurses and other healthcare professionals explore and understand the different factors that can affect the use of robots with patients.
Stressful Life Events in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in the U.S. T1D Exchange Clinic Registry
Authors: Joiner Kevin L. , Holland Margaret L. , Grey Margaret 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to test associations among stressful life events, frequency of missed insulin doses, and glycemic control in young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).DesignThe study was a cross‐sectional descriptive secondary analysis.MethodsData from 2,921 participants (ages 18–26 years) in the U.S. T1D Exchange Clinic Registry were analyzed. Report of a stressful life event was defined as one or more positive responses on a 17‐item stressful life events index and defined as a dichotomous variable (yes or no). Frequency of missed insulin doses was measured using a single self‐report item and collapsed into two levels (fewer than three times a week, three or more times a week). The glycosylated hemoglobin (A1c) level recorded at the time of enrollment was used to assess glycemic control.FindingsNearly half (48.6%) of the participants reported having a stressful life event during the previous year. The most frequently reported stressful life events were problems at work or school (16.1%), serious arguments with family members or a close friend (15.2%), and financial problems in the family (13.8%). Compared to the participants not reporting stressful life events, those who reported stressful life events were more likely to be older, female, with a higher educational attainment level, and not working or unemployed. Those who reported a stressful life event were more likely than those who did not to say they typically missed insulin doses at least three times a week and less likely to say they typically missed insulin doses fewer than three times a week (p < .001 adjusted for age, sex, race or ethnicity, educational attainment level, duration of T1D diagnosis, and insulin delivery method). Mean A1c level was higher for the group who reported having a stressful life event in the past 12 months compared to the group who did not (8.7 ± 1.8% vs. 8.2 ± 1.6%; adjusted p < .001). The results of a mediation analysis suggest that the measure of frequency of missed insulin doses may be a mediator of the relationship between recent stressful life events and glycemic control (Sobel test: ab = .841, 95% confidence interval = 0.064–1.618).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that, for young adults with T1D, the experience of stressful life events may increase their risk for poorer glycemic control, possibly by disrupting adherence with insulin doses.Clinical RelevanceFurther exploration of these relationships may allow for the potential for identifying those at risk and assisting them with more positive approaches to managing stressful events.
Board Antecedents of CEO Duality and the Moderating Role of Country‐level Managerial Discretion: A Meta‐analytic Investigation
Authors: Wang Gang , DeGhetto Kaitlyn , Ellen B. Parker , Lamont Bruce T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCEO duality reduces boards’ monitoring capacity. But governance substitution theory holds that boards of directors who can effectively monitor their CEOs are more likely to adopt the CEO duality governance structure. By examining relationships between board characteristics underlying their monitoring capacity and CEO duality, we bring evidence to bear on governance substitution theory. Further, by applying a managerial discretion theory lens to CEO duality, we extend governance substitution theory to the cross‐country context where institutional features vary in their constraints on managerial discretion. Meta‐analytic results from a dataset of 297 studies across 32 countries/regions provided support for the majority of our predictions. As predicted, board independence and certain types of board human capital were positively related to CEO duality. Unexpectedly, board ownership was negatively related to CEO duality. Additionally, country‐level managerial discretion significantly moderated the board independence‐ and human capital‐duality relationships (but not the board‐ownership‐duality relationship) as predicted.
Pain relief following a single‐dose intra‐articular injection of methylprednisolone in the temporomandibular joint arthralgia—A multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Isacsson Göran , Schumann Mohamad , Nohlert Eva , Mejersjö Christina , Tegelberg Åke 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthralgia is a painful condition assumed to be associated with local inflammation.ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy for reducing pain of a single‐dose intra‐articular (IA) injection of methylprednisolone to the TMJ. The hypothesis was that methylprednisolone would effectively reduce TMJ pain.MethodsThis randomised, double‐blind, parallel‐group, multicentre, controlled study included visits for enrolment, treatment and 4‐week follow‐up. The study included patients 18 years and older who had been diagnosed with unilateral TMJ arthralgia. All participants were randomly assigned to receive 1 mL IA injections of methylprednisolone or saline. The primary outcome was change in recorded pain intensity on a visual analogue scale (VAS) at maximum jaw opening, analysed in the per protocol population.ResultsIn total, 54 patients were randomly assigned to single‐dose IA injections with methylprednisolone (n = 27) or saline (n = 27). Between baseline and the 4‐week follow‐up, VAS‐rated pain intensity at maximum jaw opening decreased from a mean of 61.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50.1; 70.7) to 33.9 (95% CI: 21.6; 46.2) in the methylprednisolone group and from 59.6 (95% CI: 50.7; 65.9) to 33.9 (95% CI: 23.8; 43.9) in the saline group. The between‐group difference was not significant (P = 0.812). Treatment‐related adverse events were doubled in the methylprednisolone group.ConclusionMethylprednisolone provided no additional benefit for reducing pain, but caused more harm compared with saline following a single‐dose IA injection in patients with TMJ arthralgia.
Predicting children's food choice using check‐all‐that‐apply questions
Authors: Verwaeren Jan , Gellynck Xavier , Lagast Sofie , Schouteten Joachim Jietse 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTraditional descriptive methods for obtaining sensory profiles are difficult to apply with children because these measurements are complex, requiring lengthy concentration and adequate training. Therefore, research has examined the possibility of working with the check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) method, which is quite easy to use, especially given the lack of scaling. However, the question arises as to what extent the CATA questions bear additional information compared to the hedonic assessment for food choice prediction. Therefore, this study examined the value of CATA questions for predicting actual food choice for 149 children (aged 11–13 years) using five biscuits. The data showed that including CATA questions resulted in significantly better prediction of actual food choice. Moreover, the CATA questions provided discriminating sensory profiles for the samples, and this method was even able to discriminate between similarly‐liked samples.Practical applicationsThis study indicates that using CATA questions has an added value, not only to better discriminate between equally liked samples, but also to better predict children's food choice. Given the ease of use with (younger) children, this method could provide additional insights into how children perceive the sensory attributes of food products. Therefore, the CATA method could be useful for both scientific research, as well as for industry, in considering the input of children, which will better reflect their actual food choice.
Blood transfusion for anaemia of prematurity: Current practice in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Saito‐Benz Maria , Sandle Meghan E , Jackson Paul B , Berry Mary J 
Published: September 2018

AimTo characterise the current transfusion practice among clinicians in Australasian neonatal units and factors that influence their decision‐making.MethodsMembers of the Australia and New Zealand Neonatal Network (ANZNN) and practitioners at their local institutions were invited to participate in a 15‐question web‐based survey between 1 June and 31 July 2016. The survey was designed to assess (i) haemoglobin‐based transfusion thresholds; (ii) presence of local guidelines; (iii) preference for a restrictive or liberal transfusion policy; (iv) perceived benefits and risks of transfusion; and (v) use of clinical adjuncts to assist decision‐making.ResultsOverall, 130 participants responded to at least one question. Haemoglobin transfusion thresholds for anaemia of prematurity (AOP) varied significantly from <60 to <120 g/L. Of 103 participants, 36 (35%) reported that they do not have access to local transfusion guidelines. The majority utilise multiple clinical and haematological parameters to guide their decision‐making, and approximately half (45/84, 54%) believe that tissue hypoxia detected by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) may better inform transfusion thresholds. Of 102 participants, 51 (50%) support a restrictive rather than liberal transfusion policy. The most commonly reported perceived risks of transfusion for AOP were suppression of endogenous erythropoiesis and increased rates of necrotising enterocolitis.ConclusionsThere is a significant variation in transfusion practice in Australasian neonatal units. Quality and safety initiatives may assist with improved consistency of transfusion practice across the ANZNN. However, further research is required to better define optimal transfusion thresholds, quantify potential risks of transfusion and determine clinical utility of newer adjuncts such as NIRS.
Uptake and localization of fluorescently‐labeled Karenia brevis metabolites in non‐toxic marine microbial taxa
Authors: J. Kramer Benjamin , J. Bourdelais Andrea , Kitchen Sheila A. , Taylor Alison R. 
Published: September 2018

Brevetoxin (PbTx) is a neurotoxic secondary metabolite of the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. We used a novel, fluorescent BODIPY‐labeled conjugate of brevetoxin congener PbTx‐2 (B‐PbTx) to track absorption of the metabolite into a variety of marine microbes. The labeled toxin was taken up and brightly fluoresced in lipid‐rich regions of several marine microbes including diatoms and coccolithophores. The microzooplankton (20–200 μm) tintinnid ciliate Favella sp. and the rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis also took up B‐PbTx. Uptake and intracellular fluorescence of B‐PbTx was weak or undetectable in phytoplankton species representative of dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, and cyanobacteria over the same (4 h) time course. The cellular fate of two additional BODIPY‐conjugated K. brevis associated secondary metabolites, brevenal (B‐Bn) and brevisin (B‐Bs), were examined in all the species tested. All taxa exhibited minimal or undetectable fluorescence when exposed to the former conjugate, while most brightly fluoresced when treated with the latter. This is the first study to observe the uptake of fluorescently‐tagged brevetoxin conjugates in non‐toxic phytoplankton and zooplankton taxa, demonstrating their potential in investigating whether marine microbes can serve as a significant biological sink for algal toxins. The highly variable uptake of B‐PbTx observed among taxa suggests some may play a more significant role than others in vectoring lipophilic toxins in the marine environment.
Short‐course carbon‐ion radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Shibuya Kei , Ohno Tatsuya , Terashima Kazuki , Toyama Shingo , Yasuda Shigeo , Tsuji Hiroshi , Okimoto Tomoaki , Shioyama Yoshiyuki , Nemoto Kenji , Kamada Tadashi , Nakano Takashi ,   The Japan Carbon Ion Radiotherapy Study Group
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsCarbon‐ion radiation therapy has shown encouraging results in hepatocellular carcinoma patients in single‐centre studies. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of short‐course carbon‐ion radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in a multicentre study conducted by the Japan Carbon Ion Radiation Oncology Study Group.MethodsConsecutive hepatocellular carcinoma patients who were treated with carbon‐ion radiation therapy in four or fewer fractions at four Japanese institutions between April 2005 and November 2014 were analysed retrospectively. The primary outcome was overall survival; secondary outcomes were local control rate, treatment‐related toxicity and radiation‐induced liver disease.ResultsA total of 174 patients were included in this study. Prescribed carbon‐ion radiation therapy doses were (relative biological effectiveness): 48.0 Gy in two fractions (n = 46), and 52.8 Gy (n = 108) and 60.0 Gy (n = 20) in four fractions. The median follow‐up period was 20.3 (range, 2.9‐103.5) months. The overall survival and local control rates at 1, 2 and 3 years were 95.4%, 82.5% and 73.3%; and 94.6%, 87.7% and 81.0% respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1‐2, Child‐Pugh class B, maximum tumour diameter ≥3 cm, multiple tumours and serum alpha foetoprotein level >50 ng/mL were significant prognostic factors of overall survival. No treatment‐related death occurred during the follow‐up period. Grades 3 or 4 treatment‐related toxicities were observed in 10 patients (5.7%); radiation‐induced liver disease was observed in three patients (1.7%).ConclusionsShort‐course carbon‐ion radiation therapy is a safe, effective and potentially curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Noble gases and nitrogen in Raghunathpura (IIAB) and Nyaung (IIIAB) iron meteorites
Authors: Murty S. V. S. , Ghosh S. , Ray Dwijesh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNoble gases and nitrogen were measured in two adjacent samples each from the Raghunathpura (IIAB) and the Nyaung (IIIAB) iron meteorite falls. Light noble gases in both the meteorites were of pure cosmogenic origin. Using (3He/4He)c ratios and the production systematic of Ammon et al. (), we estimated the sample depth and meteoroid size for Nyaung (~8 cm depth in a ~15 cm radius object) and Raghunathpura (~12–14 cm depth in a ~25 cm object). We derived cosmic ray exposure ages of 1710 ± 256 Ma (for Nyaung, the highest reported so far for the IIIAB group) and 224 ± 34 Ma (for Raghunathpura). Variable amounts of trapped Kr and Xe were found in both meteorites. The phase Q‐like elemental ratio (84Kr/132Xe) suggests that the trapped component is of indigenous origin, and most likely hosted in the heterogeneously distributed micro‐inclusions of troilite/schreibersite. Trapped phase Q component is being reported for the first time, for a IIAB iron meteorite. Both meteorites showed light isotopic composition for nitrogen, and need at least two N components to explain the observed N isotopic systematic. Variable amounts of trapped noble gases and the presence of more than one N component suggest that the magmatic process that formed the parent body of these meteorites either could not completely homogenize or completely degas all the phases.
A functional transcriptomic analysis in the relict marsupial Dromiciops gliroides reveals adaptive regulation of protective functions during hibernation
Authors: Nespolo Roberto F. , Gaitan‐Espitia Juan Diego , Quintero‐Galvis Julian F. , Fernandez Fernanda V. , Silva Andrea X. , Molina Cristian , Storey Kenneth B. , Bozinovic Francisco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe small South American marsupial, Dromiciops gliroides, known as the missing link between the American and the Australian marsupials, is one of the few South American mammals known to hibernate. Expressing both daily torpor and seasonal hibernation, this species may provide crucial information about the mechanisms and the evolutionary origins of marsupial hibernation. Here, we compared torpid and active individuals, applying high‐throughput sequencing technologies (RNA‐seq) to profile gene expression in three D. gliroides tissues and determine whether hibernation induces tissue‐specific differential gene expression. We found 566 transcripts that were significantly up‐regulated during hibernation (369 in brain, 147 in liver and 50 in skeletal muscle) and 339 that were down‐regulated (225 in brain, 79 in liver and 35 in muscle). The proteins encoded by these differentially expressed genes orchestrate multiple metabolic changes during hibernation, such as inhibition of angiogenesis, prevention of muscle disuse atrophy, fuel switch from carbohydrate to lipid metabolism, protection against reactive oxygen species and repair of damaged DNA. According to the global enrichment analysis, brain cells seem to differentially regulate a complex array of biological functions (e.g., cold sensitivity, circadian perception, stress response), whereas liver and muscle cells prioritize fuel switch and heat production for rewarming. Interestingly, transcripts of thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP), a potent antioxidant, were significantly over‐expressed during torpor in all three tissues. These results suggest that marsupial hibernation is a controlled process where selected metabolic pathways show adaptive modulation that can help to maintain homeostasis and enhance cytoprotection in the hypometabolic state.
Mating‐type factor‐specific regulation of the fumagillin/pseurotin secondary metabolite supercluster in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Yu Yidong , Blachowicz Adriana , Will Cornelia , Szewczyk Edyta , Glenn Steven , Gensberger‐Reigl Sabrina , Nowrousian Minou , Wang Clay C. C. , Krappmann Sven 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn the human pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus, sexual identity is determined by the mating‐type idiomorphs MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 residing at the MAT locus. Upon crossing of compatible partners, a heterothallic mating is executed to eventually form cleistothecia that contain recombinant ascospores. Given that the MAT1 gene products are DNA binding master regulators that govern this complex developmental process, we monitored the MAT1‐driven transcriptomes of A. fumigatus by conditional overexpression of either MAT1 gene followed by RNA‐seq analyses. Numerous genes related to the process of mating were found to be under transcriptional control, such as pheromone production and recognition. Substantial differences between the MAT1‐1‐ and MAT1‐2‐driven transcriptomes could be detected by functional categorization of differentially expressed genes. Moreover, a significant and distinct impact on expression of genetic clusters of secondary metabolism became apparent, which could be verified on the product level. Unexpectedly, specific cross‐regulation of the fumagillin/pseurotin supercluster was evident, thereby uncoupling its co‐regulatory characteristic. These insights imply a tight interconnection of sexual development accompanied by ascosporogenesis with secondary metabolite production of a pathogenic fungus and impose evolutionary constraints that link these two fundamental aspects of the fungal lifestyle.