bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Magnetically Assembled High‐Aspect‐Ratio Needle Electrode for Recording Neuronal Activity
Authors: Yasui Taiki , Yamagiwa Shota , Sawahata Hirohito , Idogawa Shinnosuke , Kubota Yoshihiro , Kita Yuto , Yamashita Koji , Numano Rika , Koida Kowa , Kawano Takeshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicroelectrode devices, which enable the detection of neuronal signals in brain tissues, have made significant contributions in the field of neuroscience and the brain–machine interfaces. To further develop such microelectrode devices, the following requirements must be met: i) a fine needle's diameter (<30 µm) to reduce damage to tissues; ii) a long needle (e.g., ≈1 mm for rodents and ≈2 mm for macaques); and iii) multiple electrodes to achieve high spatial recording (<100 µm in pitch). In order to meet these requirements, this study herein reports an assembly technique for high‐aspect‐ratio microneedles, which employs a magnet. The assembly is demonstrated, in which nickel wires of length 750 µm and diameter 25 µm are produced on a silicon substrate. The impedance magnitude of the assembled needle‐like electrode measured at 1 kHz is 5.6 kΩ, exhibiting output and input signal amplitudes of 96.7% at 1 kHz. To confirm the recording capability of the fabricated device, neuronal signal recordings are performed using mouse cerebra in vivo. The packaged single microneedle electrode penetrates the barrel field in the primary somatosensory cortex of the mouse and enables the detection of evoked neuronal activity of both local field potentials and action potentials.
Magnet Patterned Superparamagnetic Fe3O4/Au Core–Shell Nanoplasmonic Sensing Array for Label‐Free High Throughput Cytokine Immunoassay
Authors: Cai Yuxin , Zhu Jingyi , He Jiacheng , Yang Wen , Ma Chao , Xiong Feng , Li Feng , Chen Weiqiang , Chen Pengyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRapid and accurate immune monitoring plays a decisive role in effectively treating immune‐related diseases especially at point‐of‐care, where an immediate decision on treatment is needed upon precise determination of the patient immune status. Derived from the emerging clinical demands, there is an urgent need for a cytokine immunoassay that offers unprecedented sensor performance with high sensitivity, throughput, and multiplexing capability, as well as short turnaround time at low system complexity, manufacturability, and scalability. In this paper, a label‐free, high throughput cytokine immunoassay based on a magnet patterned Fe3O4/Au core–shell nanoparticle (FACSNP) sensing array is developed. By exploiting the unique superparamagnetic and plasmonic properties of the core–shell nanomaterials, a facile microarray patterning technique is established that allows the fabrication of a uniform, self‐assembled microarray on a large surface area with remarkable tunability and scalability. The sensing performance of the FACSNP microarray is validated by real‐time detection of four cytokines in complex biological samples, showing high sensitivity (≈20 pg mL−1), selectivity and throughput with excellent statistical accuracy. The developed immunoassay is successfully applied for rapid determination of the functional immunophenotype of leukemia tumor‐associated macrophages, manifesting its potential clinical applications for real‐time immune monitoring, early cancer detection, and therapeutic drug stratification toward personalized medicine.
Recent Advances on Controlled Synthesis and Engineering of Hollow Alloyed Nanotubes for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Hui‐Hui , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed great progress in the synthesis and electrocatalytic applications of 1D hollow alloy nanotubes with controllable compositions and fine structures. Hollow nanotubes have been explored as promising electrocatalysts in the fuel cell reactions due to their well‐controlled surface structure, size, porosity, and compositions. In addition, owing to the self‐supporting ability of 1D structure, hollow nanotubes are capable of avoiding catalyst aggregation and carbon corrosion during the catalytic process, which are two other issues for the widely investigated carbon‐supported nanoparticle catalysts. It is currently a great challenge to achieve high activity and stability at a relatively low cost to realize commercialization of these catalysts. An overview of the structural and compositional properties of 1D hollow alloy nanotubes, which provide a large number of accessible active sites, void spaces for electrolytes/reactants impregnation, and structural stability for suppressing aggregation, is presented. The latest advances on several strategies such as hard template and self‐templating methods for controllable synthesis of hollow alloyed nanotubes with controllable structures and compositions are then summarized. Benefiting from the advantages of the unique properties and facile synthesis approaches, the capability of 1D hollow nanotubes is then highlighted by discussing examples of their applications in fuel‐cell‐related electrocatalysis. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential solutions in the field are summarized to provide some useful clues for the future development of 1D hollow alloy nanotube materials.
Extrinsic Electron Concentration in SnO2 Electron Extracting Contact in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Roose Bart , Friend Richard H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLead halide perovskite solar cells that use SnO2 as the electron‐transporting material are known to improve upon light soaking. Photoluminescence measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show that this improvement is due to reduced non‐radiative recombination and is accompanied by a reduction in the extrinsic electron concentration in SnO2. This performance enhancement can also be achieved by exposing these devices to high vacuum at ambient temperature. This study postulates that the performance increase stems from desorption of hydrogen from oxygen vacancies in SnO2. Furthermore, Ga‐doped SnO2‐based devices exhibit a reduced light‐soaking effect and have fewer oxygen vacancies, as is shown by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. It is concluded that high extrinsic electron concentrations in SnO2 are undesirable because of their role in non‐radiative recombination. The reduction in electron density when SnO2 is incorporated into a perovskite diode is therefore advantageous for solar cell performance.
Asynchrony between ant seed dispersal activity and fruit dehiscence of myrmecochorous plants
Authors: Gordon Susan C. C. , Meadley‐Dunphy Shannon A. , Prior Kirsten M. , Frederickson Megan E. 
Published: January 2019

Premise of the StudyPhenological mismatch has received attention in plant–pollinator interactions, but less so in seed dispersal mutualisms. We investigated whether the seasonal availability of myrmecochorous seeds is well matched to the seasonal activity patterns of seed‐dispersing ants.MethodsWe compared seasonal timing of seed removal by a keystone seed‐dispersing ant, Aphaenogaster rudis, and fruit dehiscence of several species of plants whose seeds it disperses in a deciduous forest in southern Ontario, Canada. We examined the timing of elaiosome “robbing” by the nonnative slug Arion subfuscus and tested whether seed removal by ants declines in response to supplementation with additional elaiosome‐bearing seeds (ant “satiation”).Key ResultsSeed removal from experimental depots peaked early in the season for all plant species and correlated with temperature. In contrast, elaiosome robbing by slugs increased late in the season and thus may disproportionately affect plants with late‐dehiscing fruits. Ant colonies removed seeds at similar rates regardless of seed supplementation, indicating that satiation likely does not impact seasonal patterns of seed dispersal in this system. Fruits of the five myrmecochorous plant species in our study dehisced at discrete intervals throughout the season, with minimal overlap among species. Peak dehiscence did not overlap with peak seed removal for any plant species.ConclusionsFruit dehiscence of myrmecochorous plants and peak ant seed dispersal activity occur asynchronously. Whether future climate warming will shift ant and plant phenologies in ways that have consequences for seed dispersal remains an open question.
Inter‐ and intraspecific competition and shade avoidance in the carnivorous pale pitcher plant in a nutrient‐poor savanna
Authors: Brewer J. Stephen 
Published: January 2019

Premise of the StudyEcologists generally agree that weak interspecific competition for light contributes to high plant species diversity in ecosystems with nutrient‐poor soils. However, the role of competition for light in such ecosystems that are also maintained by fire is poorly understood. I quantified intra‐ and interspecific competition for light in a fire‐maintained nutrient‐poor pine savanna by contrasting the effects of conspecific and heterospecific neighbors of the pale pitcher plant, Sarracenia alata.MethodsAccounting for initial neighbor abundance/aboveground production and initial transplant size, I measured growth and survival of small and large pitcher plant ramets of Sarracenia alata transplanted to the vicinity of natural, undisturbed mixtures of large pitcher plants and their heterospecific neighbors in the field. I tested competition for light and nutrients by clipping conspecific neighbors and by excluding prey from unclipped neighbors of transplants. I tested interspecific competition by uprooting heterospecific neighbors.Key ResultsPlant survivorship increased when conspecific neighbors were clipped and/or starved but not when heterospecific neighbors were uprooted. Small pitcher plants benefited from clipping large conspecific neighbors, suggesting that competition for light was important. Large pitcher plants benefited from excluding prey from their neighbors, with no additional benefit of clipping, suggesting that competition for prey limited their survival. Transplants produced new pitchers that were taller with narrower openings (i.e., shade avoidance) when heterospecific neighbors were left intact but not when conspecifics were unclipped.ConclusionsResults demonstrate size‐dependent intraspecific competition for light and nutrients and interspecific shade avoidance in Sarracenia alata, which could be important to understanding species coexistence in fire‐maintained nutrient‐poor ecosystems.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract: a review of the national cancer database
Authors: Trope Michal , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Kohanski Michael A. , Kuan Edward C. , Tong Charles C.L. , Patel Neil N. , Maina Ivy W. , Carey Ryan M. , Workman Alan D. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Newman Jason G. , Brant Jason A. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundSinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (SNACC) is a rare malignancy with a propensity for distant metastasis. In this study we describe the incidence and determinants of survival among patients with SNACC between the years 2004 and 2012 using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).MethodsThis was a retrospective, population‐based cohort study performed at a tertiary academic medical center. All participants were diagnosed with SNACC between 2004 and 2012 within the NCDB. The main outcome was overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 793 patients were identified. The cohort was composed of 46.9% males. Mean age at diagnosis was 59.6 years. The maxillary sinus was the most common primary site (49.7%). Nodal disease was seen in 3.6% of the patients, whereas 3.7% had distant metastases. Stage IV disease was seen in 49.1% of cases. In total, 77.4% of patients underwent surgery, 68.2% received radiation therapy, and 16.4% had chemotherapy. Median OS was 78.5 months; OS at 1, 2, and 5 years was 91%, 83%, and 61%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, advanced age (p = 0.001), frontal sinus primary site (p < 0.001), positive margins (p < 0.001), Charlson comorbidity index >0 (p = 0.01), residing in an urban setting (p = 0.04), poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumor grade (p = 0.003), and advanced tumor stage (p = 0.01) were associated with worse OS, whereas surgery (p < 0.001), but not radiation therapy (p = 0.52) or chemotherapy (p = 0.57), predicted improved OS.ConclusionPredictors of survival in SNACC include age, comorbidity status, grade, and stage. Surgery is associated with improved survival and remains the mainstay of therapy, whereas the roles of radiation therapy and chemotherapy require future investigation.
Controlled release on sand bed columns and biodegradability in soil of chitosan: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films
Authors: Melaj Mariana A. , Daraio Marta E. , Vazquez Analía 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this work is to prepare and characterize films based on chitosan (Q) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) blends to achieve adequate properties to be used as coating of conventional fertilizers to prolong their availability for crops. The films loaded with KNO3 as model fertilizer were prepared by casting. Release of fertilizer was studied using sand bed columns. To quantify films durability in soil, their areas were measured in function of time. Results showed that chitosan substantially improved the durability of HPMC, lengthening its permanence in soil 900‰. Relative humidity had influence in mechanical properties. Comparing KNO3 powder and that loaded in the film, the time of residence in the column was much lower for the powder than the second one: 4 and 56 days, respectively. Chitosan–HPMC film would be promising as polymeric coating for controlled release fertilizers taking into account field conditions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47532.
Effect of bamboo fibers with different coupling agents on the properties of poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐valerate) biocomposites
Authors: Jin Xiao , Zhang Xiaolin , Xu Chong , Nie Sunjian 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTGreen biocomposites were prepared via injection molding with poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐valerate) and natural bamboo fibers. Three types of coupling agents were used to modify the fibers, and the influence of different kinds of coupling agents was evaluated. The mechanical properties of the biocomposites varied with the type and content of the coupling agents. The water absorption and thermal properties of the composites were measured simultaneously after treatment with the coupling agents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to analyze the principle of fiber treatment with different coupling agents. The mechanical properties of the composites markedly improved, whereas the water absorption decreased after modification. Treatment with coupling agents only slightly influences the thermal properties but improved the crystallinity of the composites. Therefore, the interfacial compatibility between the fiber and matrix was enhanced after modification, with the silane coupling agent exhibiting the best effect. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47533.
Aggressive skeletal muscle metastasis from cervical cancer invading into the spinal canal: A case report
Authors: Miyoshi Ai , Kuritani Yoshihiro , Kanao Serika , Naoi Hirokazu , Otsuka Hirofumi , Yokoi Takeshi 
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message
We present the first case of the patient with skeletal metastasis of uterine cervical cancer which invaded the vertebral body and spinal canal, with consequent paralysis of the lower extremities.
De novo mosaic MECP2 mutation in a female with Rett syndrome
Authors: Alexandrou Angelos , Papaevripidou Ioannis , Alexandrou Ioanna Maria , Theodosiou Athina , Evangelidou Paola , Kousoulidou Ludmila , Tanteles George , Christophidou‐Anastasiadou Violetta , Sismani Carolina 
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical MessageWe describe a female with Rett syndrome carrying a rare de novo mosaic nonsense mutation on MECP2 gene, with random X‐chromosome inactivation. Rett syndrome severity in females depends on mosaicism level and tissue specificity, X‐chromosome inactivation, epigenetics and environment. Rett syndrome should be considered in both males and females.
Activated Niobium and Tantalum Imido Complexes: From Tuneable Polymerization to Selective Ethylene Dimerization Systems
Authors: Messinis Antonis M. , Batsanov Andrei S. , Howard Judith A. K. , Hanton Martin J. , Dyer Philip W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe niobium and tantalum imido complexes [CpMCl2(NDipp)], [MCl3(NR)(dme)] (R=tBu, Ph, 2,6‐iPr2C6H3 (Dipp), and Mes), and [TaCl3(NDipp)(tmeda)] were tested in combination with EtAlCl2 for the dimerization of ethylene. The niobium systems afforded dimers or polymers, depending on the nature of the imido ligand, with overall productivities in the range 720 to 13,720 (mol C2H4)(mol Nb)−1. The nature of the polyethylene produced (LDPE or HDPE) depended on the imido ligand and the niobium concentration at which catalysis was run. In contrast, the tantalum/dme systems all mediated ethylene dimerization with productivities of up to 4,503 (mol C2H4)(mol Ta)−1, with overall selectivities to butenes of between 73–81 wt %; selectivity within the dimer fraction to 1‐butene was in the range 72 to 100 %. The productivity of [TaCl3(NDipp)(tmeda)] was six times higher than that of its dme‐bearing counterpart, but at the cost of selectivity to 1‐butene. For the tantalum imido‐mediated ethylene dimerization the composition of the product slate formed is indicative of a metallacyclic mechanism being operative.
Near‐neutral Electro‐Fenton Treatment of Pharmaceutical Pollutants: Effect of Using a Triphosphate Ligand and BDD Electrode
Authors: Olvera‐Vargas Hugo , Wee Vincent Yong Han , Garcia‐Rodriguez Orlando , Lefebvre Olivier 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work, a mixture of pharmaceutical pollutants was successfully treated by electro‐Fenton (EF) at near‐neutral pH using the inorganic ligand triphosphate (TPP). The effect of the ligand and the reactivity of its Fe complexes were thoroughly investigated under different conditions of TPP : Fe2+ ratio, Fe2+ and TPP concentrations, current density, and nature of the anode material (Ti/IrO2−RuO2 and boron doped diamond, BDD). The mineralization of organics was mainly controlled by the EF reaction promoted by the continuous electrochemical formation of H2O2 and regeneration of Fe2+ (as Fe2+‐TPP), while the main role of the ligand was to keep active Fe2+ ions dissolved in solution to catalyze the Fenton's reaction at near‐neutral pH. The results contrasted with previous works that reported the ability of Fe‐TPP to enhance the oxidation performance of Fenton‐like systems. Moreover, the remarkable oxidative properties of diamond electrodes enhanced the mineralization efficiency and TPP was not detrimental to oxidation with BDD. Finally, the degradation kinetics of all the compounds under investigation were determined, and a pathway for the antidepressant amitriptyline (ATTL) was proposed.
Synthesis of Ultrathin PEDOT on Carbon Nanotubes and Shear Thinning Xanthan Gum‐H2SO4 Gel Electrolyte for Supercapacitors
Authors: Soni Roby , Bhange Siddheshwar N. , Athira E. , Chetry Rashmi , Kurungot Sreekumar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResistance of the electrode material play a vital role for applications in supercapacitors, where lowering the resistance leads to improved performance. Poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) possesses high theoretical conductivity; however, the high density of grain boundaries, low accessible surface area, and low rate capability have been pervasive issues affecting the PEDOT‐based supercapacitors. To this end, a hydrothermal method is proposed in this work where oxygen functional groups incorporated on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are utilized to polymerize 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). PEDOT forms an ultrathin, well‐aligned coating on the surface of CNTs. This arrangement minimizes the number of grain boundaries and increases the electrochemically active surface area. Additionally, a shear‐thinning Xanthan gum‐H2SO4 gel electrolyte is introduced to overcome the low impregnation of the conventional polyvinyl‐based electrolyte due to the hydrophobicity of the CNT‐PEDOT composite.A supercapacitor based on this material showed a very low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of 0.31 Ω which leads to a high power density of 74 W cm−3.
Cancer disparities in people with HIV: A systematic review of screening for non‐AIDS–defining malignancies
Authors: Corrigan Kelsey L. , Wall Kevin C. , Bartlett John A. , Suneja Gita 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundPeople with HIV (PWHIV) have improved survival because of the advent of antiretroviral therapy. Consequently, PWHIV experience higher rates of non‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome‐defining malignancies (NADMs). Previous studies have demonstrated worsened cancer‐specific survival in PWHIV, partly because of advanced cancer stage at diagnosis. The objective of the current systematic review was to evaluate screening disparities for NADMs among PWHIV.MethodsThe PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from January 1, 1996 through April 10, 2018 to identify studies related to screening disparities for NADMs among PWHIV. Eligibility criteria included any study performed in a high‐income country that compared screening for NADMs by HIV status. After title/abstract screening and full‐text review, articles that met eligibility criteria were analyzed.ResultsOf 613 unique articles identified through the search, 9 studies were analyzed. Three studies addressed breast cancer screening, 4 addressed colorectal cancer screening, and 2 addressed prostate cancer screening. Five of the reviewed studies demonstrated that PWHIV were less likely to receive indicated cancer screenings compared with the general population, whereas 3 indicated that screening proportions were higher among PWHIV, and 1 demonstrated that screening proportions were comparable. In most of the studies, PWHIV who had regular access to health care were more likely to undergo cancer screening.ConclusionsThe available evidence does not uniformly confirm that PWHIV are less likely to receive cancer screening. Social determinants of health (insurance status, access to health care, education, income level) were associated with the receipt of appropriate cancer screening, suggesting that these barriers need to be addressed to improve cancer screening in PWHIV.
Templating Porphyrin Anisotropy via Magnetically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Đorđević Luka , Marangoni Tomas , Liu Mingjie , De Zorzi Rita , Geremia Silvano , Minoia Andrea , Lazzaroni Roberto , Ishida Yasuhiro , Bonifazi Davide 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe preparation and characterisation of a novel three‐dimensional organic material consisting of porphyrin arrays on carbon nanotubes embedded in an organogel is reported. Firstly, the porphyrin array was prepared through metal‐ligand coordination of a ditopic ligand (1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane) and two bis‐Zn(II) porphyrins, linked through a pyrene core, and was studied through UV‐Vis, NMR and diffusion spectroscopies. Secondly, the porphyrin supramolecular architecture was adsorbed on pristine carbon nanotubes, greatly improving the dispersibility of the latter in organic solvents. The hybrid material was characterised by means of UV‐Vis spectroscopy, microscopic techniques and thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, by exploiting the anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of carbon nanotubes, the hybrid material was aligned under a magnetic field, the organisation of which could be maintained by in situ gelation. The resultant hybrid organogel exhibited notable optical anisotropy, suggesting an anisotropic arrangement of the porphyrin‐CNTs architectures in the macroscopic material.