bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Factors Influencing Y-Ring Sealing Under Ultra-High-Pressure, High-Temperature, and Low-Temperature Conditions
Authors: Feng Chunyu , He Jiulong , Wang Pengcheng , Yin Hongwei , Luo Xiaolong , Xie Qi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To study the factors affecting the sealing performance of a Y-shaped sealing ring at the stem of a 140-MPa cage throttle valve under −46 °C, 25 °C, and 180 °C operating conditions, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and its modified materials. Finite element simulation software was then used to perform a simulation study of the Y-shaped sealing ring. The finite element simulation software was used to perform a sensitivity analysis on the five most critical parameters of the Y-shaped sealing ring and to perform dimensional optimization by using the multi-island genetic algorithm. The results show that compared with 25 °C, under a 180 °C condition, the contact stress at both ends of the sealing lip decreases when the valve stem moves upward. Under the condition of −46 °C, the contact stress at the sealing lip increases when the valve stem goes down, the contact stress at both ends of the sealing lip decreases when the valve stem goes up; and the impact of the stem movement speed on the maximum value of the Y-shaped sealing ring contact stress is small. The design dimensions that have the greatest influence on the maximum von Mises stress and the maximum contact stress of the inner lip of the Y-seal during stem movement are the width and the tip height of the lip, respectively. The optimum values of the design variables are determined and the feasibility of the theoretical design is verified by testing.
Estimation of Thermal Emission From Mixture of CO2 and H2O Gases and Fly-Ash Particles
Authors: Singh Kuljeet , Patil Kapilkumar , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the present work, the thermal emission from gases and particle mixture is studied comprehensively. The mixture consists of CO2 and H2O gases along with fly-ash particles, and their spectral radiative properties are obtained from HITEMP-2010 database and Mie theory, respectively. The line-by-line (LBL) method, known for high accuracy, is used to estimate radiative heat transfer from gases and particle mixture. Three distinct cases, i.e., pure absorption/emission, pure scattering, and their combined effects, are investigated. The spectral radiative transfer equation is solved by finite angle method (FAM), and the correctness of the results is ensured by principle of energy conservation. The anisotropic scattering is modeled using the Henyey–Greenstein method. The influence of radiative properties of the participating medium, along with wall and cavity temperatures, on heat transfer and emission spectrum is evaluated. The radiative heat transfer enhances with introduction of the particles in the gaseous mixture. For pure scattering medium, the emission spectrum on each wall differs and also varies from the emission spectrum of the emitting wall. The particle influence grows notably with higher volume fractions in gaseous mixture. While there is a notable contribution of anisotropic scattering in a purely scattering medium, its significance diminishes in an absorbing, emitting, and scattering medium.
Study of Tandem Rotor Dual Wake Interaction With Downstream Stator Under Unsteady Numerical Approach
Authors: Singh Ajey , Mistry Chetan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper highlights the intricate rotor–stator interaction between a tandem bladed rotor and a single-bladed stator in the light of unsteady numerical simulations. A low-speed tandem bladed compressor stage has been conceptualized and experimentally validated against targeted performance goal. With the evident pressure rise capability of the tandem bladed compressor stage, it becomes obligatory to investigate the rotor–stator interaction owing to its dominant effect on overall stage performance. The multipassage rotor–stator unsteady simulations have been performed using blade transformation methods in ANSYS CFX. Due to the presence of two highly loaded rotor blades, the tandem rotor exhibits peculiar rotor–stator interaction in terms of multiple wake impingement on the stator. Incorporating tandem blading on the rotor instead of the stator (which is more common) constricts the design envelope in terms of choice of blade axial overlap and percentage pitch. The variation of aerodynamic loading from hub to tip for both the rotor blades results in spanwise varying wake strength. The initially distinct wake structures merge resulting into a thicker wake. Additionally, the rotor blades are highly loaded in the tip region, which results in the complex interaction between end-wall boundary layer and tip leakage flow. Cumulatively, these conditions constitute a challenging aerodynamic field for the downstream stator. The study focuses on the qualitative interaction between the rotor wakes and blockage with the downstream stator and put forwards some aspects of the tandem rotor-single stator stage design especially for core compressors of aero engine application.
Gendered environmental pathways to sports injury: insights from retired athletes in the UK high-performance context
Authors: Coen Stephanie E , Downie Victoria , Follett Lucy , McCaig Steve , Parsons Joanne L 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveWomen remain at increased risk for some sports injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament rupture and concussion. This study applied a gendered environmental approach to identify modifiable features of women’s sport environments that may contribute to the gendered patterning of sports injuries. Our objectives were to identify features of gendered environments that mattered in athletes’ lived experiences and to trace pathways connecting these features to injury.MethodsWe employed a creative methodology combining semi-structured interviews with artefact-elicited storytelling and poetic transcription to actively centre women athletes’ voices and communicate their experiences in formats intended to stimulate reflection among sport system stakeholders.ResultsDrawing on insights from 20 recently retired women athletes across 11 UK high-performance sports, our reflexive thematic analysis identified five gendered environmental challenges shaping women’s injury experiences, risk and outcomes: (1) stereotypes trivialise injury, (2) physiology is all or nothing, (3) the ‘ideal’ female athlete, (4) in/visible inequities and (5) uneven power dynamics. Within these gendered environmental challenges, we identified mechanisms through which challenges manifest in the everyday experiences of athletes, highlighting these as potential points to disrupt the gendered environments-to-injury pathway.ConclusionOur findings provide an evidence-based framework for categorising and addressing gendered environmental challenges in women’s sport. Interventions to reconfigure the gendered status quo within sport should be embedded as part of injury prevention strategies.
REASSURED evaluation of the Bioline HCV point-of-care testing for diagnosing hepatitis C virus infection in primary healthcare settings of Ghana: a study protocol
Authors: Duah Evans , Ephraim Richard Kobina Dadzie , Mathebula Evans Mantiri , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani Phosa 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a silent epidemic that needs a comprehensive and contextualised approach to manage. Access to readily available, affordable and acceptable HCV point-of-care (POC) in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) is equally required to meet the global HCV goals. However, most guidelines for evaluating these IVDs such as the WHO prequalification process and country-specific standards disproportionately focus on diagnostic performance. The real-time connectivity, ease of specimen collection, affordability, sensitivity, specificity, user-friendliness, rapidity and robustness, equipment-free or simplicity and deliverability to end-users (REASSURED) criteria provide a holistic and user-oriented evaluation of the IVDs in the populations they are meant to be used. Therefore, as part of a multinational study in sub-Saharan Africa, we will conduct an evaluation of the Bioline HCV POC test for diagnosing HCV infection in primary healthcare settings of Ghana using the REASSURED criteria.Methods and analysisThis field evaluation will be conducted in three phases. The first phase will use a cross-sectional field evaluation study design to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Bioline HCV POC test. The second phase will use mixed methods to ascertain operational characteristics and users’ perceptions. In the third phase, a cross-sectional survey will be used to estimate the costs of accessing HCV diagnostics services using three proposed HCV testing models to inform the affordability of the testing pathways and linkage to care in the primary healthcare clinics. This phase will run concurrently with the second phase of the study. Thematic content analysis and quantitative data analysis will be performed using ATLAS.ti V.23.0.6 and StataCorp LLC’s Stata statistical software V.16.0, respectively.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been reviewed and fully approved by the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee, University of Pretoria (281/2023) and the Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee (GHS-ERC013/08/23). This diagnostic trial has also been registered in the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202410837698664). The findings of the study will be presented in relevant peer-reviewed journals, at local and international conferences, and to all stakeholders involved.
Social network interventions for dietary adherence among adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Alaofè Halimatou , Okechukwu Abidemi , Yeo Sarah , McClelland Jean D , Hounkpatin Waliou Amoussa , Ehiri John 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionOptimal adherence to recommended diets is crucial to achieving long-term glycaemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) individuals. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of interventions that target dietary adherence through social networks. Since social networks can influence individuals’ health behaviours, it is important to thoroughly evaluate the impact of social network interventions on dietary adherence in adults with T2D. This systematic review protocol aimed to provide insights into future interventions and improve diabetes management strategies.Method and analysisPubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and Google Scholar will be searched from inception to December 2023 for relevant randomised and non-randomised controlled trials of at least 3 months’ duration. In addition, studies that compared interventions involving the social networks (families, friends and peers) of adults with T2D with usual care, no intervention or an intervention with no explicit social network component will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen search outputs according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, critically evaluate the selected literature and extract data on the study setting, design, participants’ characteristics, interventions, controls, social network functions and duration of follow-up, using a standard data extraction form. Quantitative data analysis will be performed where studies are homogeneous in characteristics and provide adequate outcome data for meta-analysis. Otherwise, data will be synthesised using narrative synthesis. Finally, trials will be assessed for bias risk and overall evidence certainty using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for literature-based studies. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023441223.
Randomised clinical trial of a 16 mg vs 24 mg maintenance daily dose of buprenorphine to increase retention in treatment among people with an opioid use disorder in Rhode Island: study protocol paper
Authors: Armeni Kelsey , Chambers Laura C , Peachey Alyssa , Berk Justin , Langdon Kirsten J , Peterson Lisa , Beaudoin Francesca L , Wightman Rachel S 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionBuprenorphine is a highly effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). However, provider observations and preliminary research suggest that the current standard maintenance dose may be insufficient for suppressing withdrawal and preventing cravings among people who use or have used fentanyl. Buprenorphine dosing guidelines were based on studies among people who use heroin and have not been formally re-evaluated since fentanyl became predominant in the unregulated drug supply. We aim to compare the effectiveness of a high (24 mg) vs standard (16 mg) maintenance daily dose of buprenorphine for improving retention in treatment, decreasing the use of non-prescribed opioids, preventing cravings and reducing opioid overdose risk in patients.Methods and analysisAdults who are initiating or continuing buprenorphine for moderate to severe OUD and have a recent history of fentanyl use (n=250) will be recruited at four outpatient substance use treatment clinics in Rhode Island. Patients continuing buprenorphine must be on doses of 16 mg or less and have ongoing fentanyl use to be eligible. Participants will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either a high (24 mg) or standard (16 mg) maintenance daily dose, each with usual care, and followed for 12 months to evaluate outcomes. Providers will determine the buprenorphine initiation strategy, with the requirement that participants reach the study maintenance dose within 7 days of randomisation. Providers may adjust the maintenance dose, if clinically needed, for participant safety. The primary study outcome is retention in buprenorphine treatment at 6 months postrandomisation, measured using clinical and statewide administrative data. Other outcomes include non-prescribed opioid use and opioid cravings (secondary), as well as non-fatal or fatal opioid overdose (exploratory).Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Brown Institutional Review Board (STUDY00000075). Results will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT06316830.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards arthroscopic shoulder surgery in patients with rotator cuff tear: cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Gonghao , Xiong Li , Kuang Gaixia , Zhang Yangyang , Jing Hao , Gu Mengzhen , Zhou Cancan , Cui Juan , Ji Yunhan , Xiao Zhengguang 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThis cross-sectional study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of patients with rotator cuff tears towards arthroscopic shoulder surgery (ASS), based on the hypothesis that the knowledge of the procedure among patients would be sufficient, which in turn might influence their practice and attitude.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPatients were recruited from Tong Ren Hospital between September and October 2022.ParticipantsA total of 588 patients were included in the study.InterventionsNo interventions were administered.Primary and secondary outcome measuresKnowledge, attitude and practice scores were measured using a self-administered questionnaire.ResultsOut of 588 patients included, 50.51% had undergone ASS. Lower education level and monthly income, shorter weekly exercise time and shorter disease duration were identified as independent risk factors for the KAP total score. Structural equation modelling revealed a direct positive effect of knowledge on attitude, but neither knowledge nor attitude influenced practice scores.ConclusionsPatients with rotator cuff tears demonstrated relatively poor knowledge, a neutral attitude and moderate practice towards ASS, highlighting the need for patient education and counselling to enhance understanding and decision-making regarding ASS.
Nepal Family Cohort study: a study protocol
Authors: Kurmi Om P. , Chaudhary Nagendra , Delanerolle Gayathri , Bolton Charlotte E , Pant Puspa Raj , Regmi Pramod R , Gautam Sanjivan , Satia Imran , Simkhada Padam , Kyrou Ioannis , Sigdel Tara Kanta , Hundley Vanora , Dali Prashil Raj , Løkke Anders , Lam Kin Bong Hubert , Bennett Derrick , Custovic Adnan , van Teijlingen Edwin , Gill Paramjit , Randeva Harpal , O'Byrne Paul 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe Nepal Family Cohort study uses a life course epidemiological approach to collect comprehensive data on children’s and their parents’ environmental, behavioural and metabolic risk factors. These factors can affect the overall development of children to adulthood and the onset of specific diseases. Among the many risk factors, exposure to air pollution and lifestyle factors during childhood may impact lung development and function, leading to the early onset of respiratory diseases. The global incidence and prevalence of respiratory diseases are rapidly increasing, with the rate of increase in Nepal being the highest. Although the cohort will primarily focus on respiratory health, other health outcomes such as cardiovascular, metabolic and mental health will be assessed to provide a comprehensive overall health assessment. All other health outcomes are self-reported following doctor diagnosis. Some of these health outcomes will be quality controlled during the follow-up by measuring disease specific markers. Our cohort study will likely provide evidence of risk factors and policy recommendations.Methods and analysisUsing a life-course epidemiology approach, we established a longitudinal study to address the determinants of lung health and other health outcomes from childhood to adulthood. The baseline data collection (personal data anonymised) was completed in April 2024, and 16 826 participants (9225 children and 7601 parents) from 5829 families were recruited in different geographical and climate areas (hills and plains) of Nepal. We plan to follow up all the participants every 2–3 years.Descriptive analysis will be used to report demographic characteristics and compare rural and semi-urban regions. A linear regression model will assess the association between air pollution, particularly household air pollution (HAP) exposure, and other lifestyle factors, with lung function adjusted for potential confounders. A two-stage linear regression model will help to evaluate lung development based on exposure to HAP.EthicsEthical approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. Permissions were obtained from two municipalities where the study sites are located. Parents provided signed informed consent and children their assent.DisseminationFindings will be disseminated through traditional academic pathways, including peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. We will also engage the study population and local media (ie, research blogs and dissemination events) and prepare research and policy briefings for stakeholders and leaders at the local, provincial and national levels.
Picking the low-hanging fruit: the cost-effectiveness of opportunistic diabetes screening during tuberculosis contact investigations on the Texas–Mexico border
Authors: McGowan Robert A , Brown Henry Shelton , Lopez-Alvarenga Juan Carlos , Restrepo Blanca I 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThere is a known association between type 2 diabetes (diabetes) and tuberculosis (TB), and TB clinics have become hubs for new diabetes diagnosis among active patients with TB. However, despite the potential to identify diabetes patients, resources limit diabetes screening opportunities to close TB contacts. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of adding opportunistic screening for diabetes during the routine TB contact investigations conducted at TB clinics.Research design and methodsWe used a Markov-based model to simulate the costs of diabetes screening, management and health outcomes, including the incidence of complications and death. All costs were considered from a health system perspective. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results to various assumptions. Interventions that fall below US$50 000 per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) are commonly considered very cost-effective, while those between $50 000 and $100 000 are considered moderately cost-effective.ResultsSimulation of diabetes screening among TB contacts resulted in not only increased survival and reduced complications but also increased costs of diabetes management. The resulting incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $32 642 per QALY added, which is well within commonly used willingness-to-pay thresholds for cost-effectiveness. Compared with no screening, screening increased the costs by $8633 and resulted in an increase in QALYs by 0.26 per patient.ConclusionsIn the base case analysis, screening was very cost-effective given that none of the sensitivity analyses resulted in a cost-effectiveness ratio above $50 000 per QALY. Our results indicate that the expansion of diabetes screening in TB clinics is a cost-effective strategy to improve health outcomes.
Modifiable risk factors for dementia in India: a cross-sectional study revisiting estimates and reassessing prevention potential and priorities
Authors: Angrisani Marco , Nichols Emma , Meijer Erik , Gross Alden L , Ehrlich Joshua , Varghese Mathew , Langa Kenneth M , Dey A B , Adar Sara D , Lee Jinkook 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAbout 16% of worldwide dementia cases are in India. Evaluating the prospects for dementia prevention in India requires knowledge of context-specific risk factors, as relationships between risk factors and dementia observed in high-income countries (HICs) may not apply.MethodsWe computed population attributable fractions (PAFs) for dementia in India by estimating associations between risk factors and dementia, their prevalence and communality, within the same nationally representative sample of 4096 Indians aged 60 and older, surveyed through the Harmonised Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India.ResultsThe risk factor with the largest PAF (>20%) was no education, followed by vision impairment (14%), physical inactivity (12%) and social isolation (8%). According to our estimates, eliminating exposure to risk factors significantly associated with dementia would potentially prevent up to 70% of dementia cases in India.DiscussionPrevious estimates, based on samples limited to specific geographic areas and using risk factors’ definitions and relative risks from HICs, may not correctly estimate the real opportunities for preventing dementia in India or identify the most critical areas for intervention.