bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dark Triad, Dyad, or Core? A Psychometric Evaluation of the Short Dark Triad (SD3) Across Three Countries
Authors: Denovan Andrew , Plouffe Rachel A. , Dagnall Neil , Artamonova Elena , Kowalski Christopher Marcin , Saklofske Donald H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since its introduction to personality psychology literature in 2002, the study of Dark Triad personality traits has gained traction across nations. However, there exists theoretical debate regarding the empirical distinctiveness of traits. Moreover, despite universal study across countries, the Short Dark Triad (SD3) lacks validation for use in all populations. The objective of this study was to scrutinise SD3 performance across three nations, including the United Kingdom (n = 617), Canada (n = 263), and Russia (n = 1048). Specifically, factor structure and item-person functioning of the SD3 was assessed across samples. Exploratory structural equation modelling designated that a three-factor bifactor solution provided superior data-fit. In this model, SD3 items loaded on a general factor, in addition to loading on Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy dimensions. This enabled scrutiny of the degree to which SD3 items reflected a shared general dimension vs. individual subfactors. Further analyses revealed that the general factor did not possess sufficient variance to disqualify the SD3 as multidimensional. Rasch analyses focusing on the three subscales supported unidimensionality and satisfactory item fit. However, inadequate reliability existed, and items exhibited differential item functioning across nations. Although the SD3 can be considered a valid tool for capturing Dark Triad traits across countries, concerns relating to reliability and DIF suggested that revising SD3 items would enhance measurement precision.
Frozen Green Leaves as Potential Nutrient Subsidies in North American Mangrove Ecosystems
Authors: Overstreet Katelyn , Dangremond Emily M. , Feller Ilka C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Avicennia germinans, the black mangrove, has shifted its range limit northward, and increased in abundance in the Southeastern United States. In January 2018, a 3-day freeze event caused substantial defoliation of green leaves in A. germinans near its northernmost range limit in St. Augustine, FL. During their recovery, plants that lost their leaves grew similarly to plants fertilized with nitrogen, leading to the hypothesis that freeze-killed green leaves (frozen green) may have acted as a fertilizer. To assess the value of frozen green litter as a nutrient subsidy, we performed an experiment in which A. germinans seedlings were grown in sand with green, frozen green, senescent, and control leaf litter. We measured growth response in seedlings using the following criteria: total plant height, internode elongation, and plant biomass. All litter treatments stimulated growth in seedlings to a greater extent than that of controls. Seedlings treated with frozen green leaves were at least 5 cm taller and had 0.5 cm longer internodes than those treated with senescent leaves. Seedlings grown in the green leaf treatment were 8 cm taller, on average, and internodes were 0.12 cm longer than the senescent treatment. Biomass was 0.6–0.8 g greater in seedlings treated with green or frozen green litter than in the control treatments. We also conducted a leaching experiment to compare mass loss rates. Frozen and green leaves lost more mass in the leaching experiment than senescent leaves or controls. These results support the hypothesis that green litter that freezes can act as a nutrient source within the ecosystem and spur rapid recovery from freeze damage.
Improving Work Skills in People with Disabilities in a Long-Term, In-Field Study on Robotic Tutors
Authors: Drolshagen Sandra , Pfingsthorn Max , Hein Andreas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInclusion of people with disabilities in the open labor market using robotic assistance is a promising new and important field of research, albeit challenging. People with disabilities are severely underrepresented in the open labor market, although inclusion adds significant value on both financial and social levels. Here, collaborative industrial robots offer great potential for support. This work conducted a month-long, in-field user study in a workshop for people with disabilities to improve learning progress through collaboration with an innovative intelligent robotic tutoring system. Seven workers with a wide variety of disabilities solved assembly tasks while being supervised by the system. In case of errors or hesitations, different modes of assistance were automatically offered. Modes of assistance included robotic pointing gestures, speech prompts, and calling a supervisor. Which assistance to offer the different participants during the study was personalized by a shared policy using reinforcement learning. Here, new, non-stationary Contextual Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms were developed during the prior simulation-based study planning to include the workers contextual information. Pioneering results were obtained in three main areas. The participants significantly improved their skills in terms of time required per task. The algorithm learned within only one session per participant which modes of assistance were preferred. Finally, a comparison between simulation and re-simulation, including the study results, revealed the underlying basic assumptions to be correct but individual variation led to strong performance differences in the real-world setting. Looking ahead, the innovative system developed could pave the way for many people with disabilities to enter the open labor market.
Semiotic Analysis of Robot Sounds in Films: Implications for Sound Design in Social Robotics
Authors: Latupeirissa Adrian B. , Murdeshwar Akshata , Bresin Roberto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the sound design of robots in films and their potential influence on the field of social robotics. Cinematic robot portrayals have inspired researchers and practitioners in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). While the non-verbal sounds of iconic film robots like R2-D2 and Wall-E have been explored, this study takes a more comprehensive approach. We explore a broader selection of 15 films featuring humanoid robots across decades through a semiotic analysis of their non-verbal communication sounds, including those related to movements and internal mechanisms . Informed by Bateman and Schmidt’s multimodal film analysis framework, which draws on Saussure’s organization of signs through paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations, our analysis interprets the paradigmatic axis as an examination of the sound and the syntagmatic axis as an exploration of the events surrounding the sound. The findings uncover two primary film robot sound materials: mechanical and synthetic. Furthermore, the analysis revealed several narrative themes, categorized into two groups based on the syntagmatic focus: sounds associated with the robots’ visual appearances and sounds linked to the broader elements within the scene. The discussion section explores the implications of these findings for social robotics, including the importance of sound materials, the role of movement sounds in communication and emotional expression, and the significance of narrative and context in human-robot interaction. The paper also acknowledges the challenges in translating film sound design into practical applications in social robotics. This study provides valuable insights for HRI researchers, practitioners, and sound designers seeking to enhance non-verbal auditory expressions in social robots.
SARS-CoV-2 RNA Presence in Outdoor Air of Public Spaces in Valladolid During Winter, 2021
Authors: da Silva Priscilla Gomes , Gonçalves José , Rodriguéz Elisa , García-Encina Pedro A. , Nascimento Maria São José , Sousa Sofia I. V. , Mesquita João R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve and herd immunity establishes, an increasing number of asymptomatic infections have been reported, increasing the risk of airborne spread of the virus. Most of the studies regarding SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence in air refer to indoor environments, with few studies having reported SARS-CoV-2 RNA in outdoor air. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA at two different settings, crowded outdoor versus empty outdoor environments in Valladolid, Spain, during winter 2021. Using a Coriolis® air sampler, samples were taken from nine different locations within the city center. RNA extraction and a one-step RT-qPCR were carried out. Six out of the 20 air samples were found to be positive, and they were all obtained from crowded outdoor environments. These results highlight that although in less quantity, SARS-CoV-2 RNA is still present in outdoor air, especially at moments of relaxed mitigation efforts and depending on the number of people present.
Design, manufacturing, and assembly of the GRASS small body gravimeter spring
Authors: Noeker Matthias , Ritter Birgit , Van Ransbeeck Emiel , Karatekin Özgür 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe GRAvimeter for small Solar System bodies (GRASS) is a novel spring-based gravimeter for the application in extremely low-gravity environments on small bodies in our Solar System. It is one of the Juventas CubeSat payloads as part of the ESA Hera mission to measure the surface gravity on the asteroid moon Dimorphos. The GRASS gravimeter was successfully launched on-board Hera on 7 October 2024. Key element of this instrument is the gravimeter spring, a cantilever-type bending spring, allowing for measurements at arbitrary instrument orientation. This paper presents the design, manufacturing, and integration of the developed sensing element assembly. The spring design can serve as a future reference for data analysis of the gravimeter data obtained in-situ on extraterrestrial surfaces. The manufacturing process is detailed, including the raw material, laser cutting, heat treatment, and gold sputtering. The step-by-step assembly describes the integration of the spring assembly which includes the clamping of the spring and the tip mass, added to the spring to realise larger deflections and henceforth increase the sensitivity of the instrument for the small body gravity environment.
Stable Isotope Ratio and Elemental Analysis (CNS) in Mangrove Leaves in the Creek Ecosystem: An Indicator of Coastal Marine Pollution
Authors: Yadav V. B. , Dutta Moushumi D. , Pulhani Vandana A. , Kumar A. Vinod 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe stable isotopes ratio and elemental composition in the mangrove leaves are excellent indicators for coastal marine pollution. The present study investigated the composition of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur, δ13C and δ15N values in mangrove leaves to identify the source of pollution and energy to the mangroves in the creek ecosystem of Mumbai Harbour Bay. The oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δ2H) of leaf water were estimated to understand the relative contribution of freshwater and seawater to the mangrove's water source. The Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulfur contents were found to vary from 37.79 to 42.55% (Average: 40.06 ± 1.54%), 2.13–3.79% (Average: 2.94 ± 0.45%) and 0.37–0.81% (Average: 0.53 ± 0.14%) in the mangrove leaves, respectively. The δ13C and δ15N values were found to vary from − 30.43 to − 28.41‰ (Average: − 29.46 ± 0.74‰) and from − 2.67 to 5.54‰ (Average: 2.21 ± 3.20%), respectively. The δ18O and δ2H values were found to vary from − 2.7 to 0.83‰ and − 6.86 to 5.43‰ with an average of − 0.94 ± 0.83 and − 2.03 ± 3.52‰ respectively. According to the observed δ18O and δ2H values, mangroves in the northern part had a relatively higher contribution of freshwater input compared to southern part of the study area. The lower values of δ15N towards the northern end of the creek indicate a relatively higher contribution of nitrogen from industrial discharges. Similar values of δ13C in mangrove in the region suggest a common source of carbon. Mangroves found near discharge locations have different elemental composition and δ15N values compared to those mangroves that are not located near discharge location. These differences can be used as potential markers to identify the coastal marine pollution. The results of the present study may be used for developing rational approaches for protection and conservation of the mangrove ecosystem in the bay.
Incorporating Phenology to Estimate Species’ Population Trends from Snapshot Citizen-Science Data
Authors: Dennis Emily B. , Morgan Byron J. T. , Harrower Colin A. , Bourn Nigel A. D. , Fox Richard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCitizen-science data are increasingly used to contribute to our understanding of biodiversity change, but analysing such data requires suitable statistical methods, often to deal with forms of bias. We develop a new approach for modelling data from a snapshot, mass-participation citizen-science scheme for UK butterflies, the Big Butterfly Count (BBC). Butterfly abundance varies throughout the year as one or more generations of each species emerge and die off, and the timing (phenology) of emergences varies annually due to weather and climate. Thus, counts from the short 3-week BBC sampling period are susceptible to bias due to this inter-annual variation in phenology. We adapt the Generalised Abundance Index, drawing upon phenology estimates from standardised monitoring scheme data, to account for phenological bias in the estimation of species’ abundance trends from BBC data. The method is demonstrated via application to empirical and simulated data, revealing that not accounting for phenology leads to biased trend estimates, particularly for summer-flying single-generation species. Drawing upon phenology information, the new approach allows for the reporting of abundance trends from a snapshot citizen-science scheme, creating the potential to maximise available data sources to increase our understanding of changes in butterfly populations, particularly in urban environments.
Counteracting Effect of Sn Grain Orientation on Current Crowding in Electromigration Failures of Solder Joints
Authors: Yao Yifan , Lu Zhunan , An Yuxuan , Tu K. N. , Liu Yingxia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectromigration (EM) failure in solder joints is a persistent reliability concern, especially in advanced electronic packaging structures. In this study, we conducted an EM experiment on solder joints with asymmetric under-bump-metallization (UBM) thicknesses. Open failure occurred at the solder joint with no current crowding effect but the highest atomic flux of EM, which is related to Sn grain orientation. Our work tries to reveal a counteracting effect of Sn grain orientation on current crowding and the essential reason for the EM failure mechanism of solder joints.
Graphical Abstract
The Skin-Lightening Power of Tirbanibulin 1% Ointment
Authors: Li Pomi Federica , d’Aloja Andrea , Rottura Michelangelo , Vaccaro Mario , Borgia Francesco 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Tirbanibulin 1% ointment has been licensed to treat non-hyperkeratotic actinic keratosis (AK) on the face and scalp in adults. Recent evidence suggests that, besides the antineoplastic effect, tirbanibulin may also confer substantial cosmetic benefits to patients.

Methods
We report a single-center retrospective study of patients affected by solar lentigines (SLs) and AKs in the context of field cancerization treated with tirbanibulin 1% ointment.

Results
Among 42 patients, 35% (n = 15) experienced complete clearance of SLs, while partial clearance was observed in 50% (n = 21) of patients. Regarding AKs, complete and partial clearance were observed in 52% (n = 22) and 40% (n = 17) of patients, respectively. Major study limitations are the small sample size and the absence of a control group.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that tirbanibulin 1% ointment may offer the dual benefit of treating AKs while simultaneously lightening aesthetically bothersome and difficult-to-treat lesions like SLs with just 5 days of application.
Strengthening and embrittlement mechanisms in laser-welded additively manufactured Inconel 718 superalloy
Authors: Hamada Atef , Ghosh Sumit , Rautio Timo , Jaskari Matias , Abd-Elaziem Walaa , Järvenpää Antti 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough laser-welded additively manufactured Inconel 718 joints find numerous high-temperature industrial applications, their strengthening and embrittlement mechanisms remain underexplored. To bridge this gap, we herein prepared such joints by the laser welding of the as-built material (built-LW), laser welding of double-aging heat-treated as-built material (DAT-LW), and double-aging heat treatment of laser-welded as-built material (LW-DAT). The microstructures of the joint fusion zones (FZs) were examined using scanning electron microscopy (electron backscatter diffraction and secondary electron imaging), while nanoscale features were probed by transmission electron microscopy, and mechanical properties were evaluated using microindentation hardness (HIT) measurements and tensile tests. The FZs of the built-LW and DAT-LW joints contained no strengthening precipitates, such as the Laves phase and γ′ and γ″ nanoparticles. In stark contrast, the FZ of the LW-DAT joint contained spherical nanoparticles of the γ′ and γ″ phases responsible for precipitation hardening. The DAT-LW joint displayed base metal (BM) strengthening and FZ softening (HIT = 6.47 and 3.6 GPa, respectively), whereas the LW-DAT joint demonstrated BM and FZ strengthening (HIT = 6.2 and 6.5 GPa, respectively). The built-LW joint exhibited the lowest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 833 MPa, primarily because of the absence of strengthening precipitates. The DAT-LW joint, despite experiencing FZ softening, exhibited a higher UTS of 1086 MPa and a limited elongation of 2%, while the LW-DAT joint featured the highest UTS of 1440 MPa, primarily because of the enhancement of nanosized γ′ and γ″ strengthening phases facilitated by postwelding double-aging heat treatment.
Functionally graded material for improved wear resistance manufactured by directed energy deposition
Authors: Marquardt R. , Biegler M. , Rethmeier M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProtecting components against wear and corrosion is a common way to improve their lifetime. This can be achieved by coating them with a hardfacing material. Common coatings consist of materials such as tungsten carbide or cobalt-chromium alloys, also known as Stellite. Hardfacing materials can be deposited by welding methods like plasma welding or laser cladding. The discrete change of the base material to the hardfacing layer can lead to cracks and chipping. Studies showed a reduced risk of cracking when a functionally graded material is used to create a smooth transition between the base and the hardfacing. Gradings from austenitic steel to cobalt-chromium alloys are already known in the literature. However, there is no knowledge about austenitic- ferritic duplex steels as base material. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a functionally graded material from duplex steel to cobalt-chromium alloy with a new approach. By using powder-based directed energy deposition, a graded material with smooth material transition is manufactured additively. Cracking and porosity are examined through metallography. Microhardness measurements as well as the analysis of the chemical composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence are used to validate the build-up strategy.
Radial Anisotropy of the Crust and Uppermost Mantle Beneath the Central North China Craton From Joint Inversion of Surface Wave Dispersion Curves and Ellipticity: Implications for the Mechanisms of Differential Rifting and Uplift
Authors: Xu Hongrui , Luo Yinhe , Cheng Tianjian , Feng Jikun , Qi Qiaomu , Wang Hu , Gan Baoping , Liu Zepeng , Sun Shida 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe central North China Craton (NCC) acts as a transition zone between the stable western and reworked eastern NCC. It is characterized by high seismic activity and experienced volcanic activity with small magma volumes. To assess the dynamic processes of the central NCC, particularly in a zone marked by intense differential tectonic deformation, we have obtained a 3‐D radial anisotropic model of crust and uppermost mantle via joint inversion of Love‐ and Rayleigh‐wave dispersion curves and ellipticity measurements. Compared to models without Rayleigh‐wave ellipticity, our new model shows improved accuracy in crustal radial anisotropy. This refined model reveals two noteworthy geological features: (a) Most of the Shanxi Rift has pronounced positive radial anisotropy in the crust except for Linfen and Xinding Basins, as critical earthquake‐prone areas, which are characterized by weak positive to negative anisotropy with much thinner sediments. This observation suggests that differential rifting processes with uneven sedimentation and crustal deformation occur in these Cenozoic basins due to right‐lateral strike slip motion. (b) The crust in the Lvliang Mountains shows weak positive or negative anisotropy with a lower crustal low‐velocity layer beneath the northern parts, whereas the crust in the Taihang Mountains exhibits positive anisotropy. This implies that the Lvliang Mountains experienced uplift under compressional environments since the Yanshanion Orogeny. Furthermore, the magmatic underplating in the crust accelerated the uplift of the northern Lvliang Mountains. In contrast, the Taihang Mountains underwent relative uplift under extensional environments, along with the subsidence of the Bohai Bay Basin during the Cenozoic.
Assessing Environmental Quality in a Historically Polluted Fjord: A Comparison of Benthic Foraminiferal eDNA and Morphospecies Approaches
Authors: O'Brien Phoebe , Barrenechea Angeles Inés , Cermakova Kristina , Pawlowski Jan , Alve Elisabeth , Nordberg Kjell , Polovodova Asteman Irina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study is the first assessment of a fjord Ecological Quality Status (EcoQS) by comparing both the traditional morphology‐based and emerging metabarcoding techniques in benthic foraminifera. For this, we focus on historically polluted Idefjord on the Swedish Norwegian border, which has experienced high effluent load from pulp and paper mill for almost a century. Based on our results, the morphological data was more sensitive to “naturally stressed” conditions, like course sediments and cascading water inflows at fjord sills. Generally, both data sets report congruous responses in the EcoQS and benthic foraminiferal assemblages to environmental stress factors, showing highest diversity at the coastal reference station and the outer fjord, with a diversity decline in proximity of industrial facilities and at the most oxygen depleted sites in the inner fjord. Genetic methods tend to overestimate EcoQS at highly anoxic sites probably due to a presence of dormant propagules or extraorganismal DNA, emphasizing a need for cross‐correlation with morphological methods to validate EcoQS assessment in such conditions.