bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Policy Towards Domestic Stock Exchanges
Authors: Kowalski Wojciech Szymon 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Over the past forty years, stock exchanges have undergone a number of transformations (legal, organizational and technological). They resulted both from general external conditions (including technological progress) as well as were the expression of various economic (structural) policies. Two of which seem to be basic. The first implemented in France, based on optimal centralization of stock exchange trading. The second one, implemented in Germany and Spain, expressing the concept of a complementary and effective combination of the potentials of the main trading floor and regional exchanges. Promisingly, especially in this latter dimension of experience together with the Edinburgh ‘stock market experiment’ that has just begun, they may reveal yet another not yet fully recognized characteristics of the stock market - the institutional exemplification of the market economy.
Was ist ein religiöser Markt? Zum Wandel der religiösen Konkurrenz in den USA
Authors: Kern Thomas , Pruisken Insa 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich aus soziologischer Perspektive kritisch mit dem Marktbegriff der Religionsökonomie. Anhand einer historischen Analyse des Protestantismus in den USA werden im Anschluss an Weber vier Formen der religiösen Konfliktbewältigung herausgearbeitet: gewaltsame Konflikte, ungeregelte (gewaltlose) Konkurrenz, geregelte Konkurrenz und Märkte. Letztere beruhen auf einer Kombination von zwei Interaktionsformen: geregelte Konkurrenz und Tausch. Märkte bilden sich nicht „spontan“, wie die Religionsökonomie behauptet, sondern sind das Ergebnis voraussetzungsvoller Institutionalisierungsprozesse. Wie im Verlauf der Studie deutlich wird, hing die Entstehung eines religiösen Marktes innerhalb des US-amerikanischen Protestantismus ab von der Durchsetzung des Pluralismus als kultureller Leitidee, der Annäherung zwischen den protestantischen Denominationen und der zunehmenden Verlagerung der religiösen Konkurrenz von den Denominationen auf die Gemeinden als primären Trägern religiöser Identifikation.
Functional Organization of the Temporal–Parietal Junction for Theory of Mind in Preverbal Infants: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Hyde Daniel C. , Simon Charline E. , Ting Fransisca , Nikolaeva Julia I. 
Published: March 2018

Successful human social life requires imagining what others believe or think to understand and predict behavior. This ability, often referred to as theory of mind (ToM), reliably engages a specialized network of temporal and prefrontal brain regions in older children and adults, including selective recruitment of the temporal–parietal junction (TPJ). To date, how and when this specialized brain organization for ToM arises is unknown due to limitations in functional neuroimaging at younger ages. Here, we used the emerging technique of functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the functional brain response across parietal, temporal, and prefrontal regions in 7-month-old male and female infants as they viewed different video scenarios of a person searching for a hidden object. Over different conditions, we manipulated whether the person held an accurate (true) or inaccurate (false) belief about the location of the hidden object in the videos. In two separate experiments, we observed that activity from the TPJ, but not other temporal and prefrontal regions, spontaneously tracked with the beliefs of the other person, responding more during scenarios when the other person's belief regarding the location of the object was false compared with scenarios when her belief was true. These results mirror those obtained with adults to show that the TPJ already shows some functional organization relevant to high-level social cognition by around 7 months of age. Furthermore, these results suggest that infants may draw on similar core mechanisms to implicitly track beliefs, as adults do when reasoning explicitly about them.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans selectively engage a network of brain regions, including the temporal–parietal junction (TPJ), to track what others think, an ability referred to as theory of mind. How and when this specialized brain organization for high-level social cognition arises is unknown. Using the emerging technique of near-infrared spectroscopy with 7-month-old infants, we observed that activity of the TPJ, but not other temporal and frontal regions, distinguished between scenarios when another person's belief about the location of the object was false compared with scenarios when the belief was true. These results suggest that a basic neural architecture to understand and predict the actions of others based on their beliefs may be present from the first year of life.
Low-Dimensional and Monotonic Preparatory Activity in Mouse Anterior Lateral Motor Cortex
Authors: Inagaki Hidehiko K. , Inagaki Miho , Romani Sandro , Svoboda Karel 
Published: March 2018

Neurons in multiple brain regions fire trains of action potentials anticipating specific movements, but this “preparatory activity” has not been systematically compared across behavioral tasks. We compared preparatory activity in auditory and tactile delayed-response tasks in male mice. Skilled, directional licking was the motor output. The anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) is necessary for motor planning in both tasks. Multiple features of ALM preparatory activity during the delay epoch were similar across tasks. First, most neurons showed direction-selective activity and spatially intermingled neurons were selective for either movement direction. Second, many cells showed mixed coding of sensory stimulus and licking direction, with a bias toward licking direction. Third, delay activity was monotonic and low-dimensional. Fourth, pairs of neurons with similar direction selectivity showed high spike-count correlations. Our study forms the foundation to analyze the neural circuit mechanisms underlying preparatory activity in a genetically tractable model organism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTShort-term memories link events separated in time. Neurons in the frontal cortex fire trains of action potentials anticipating specific movements, often seconds before the movement. This “preparatory activity” has been observed in multiple brain regions, but has rarely been compared systematically across behavioral tasks in the same brain region. To identify common features of preparatory activity, we developed and compared preparatory activity in auditory and tactile delayed-response tasks in mice. The same cortical area is necessary for both tasks. Multiple features of preparatory activity, measured with high-density silicon probes, were similar across tasks. We find that preparatory activity is low-dimensional and monotonic. Our study forms a foundation for analyzing the circuit mechanisms underlying preparatory activity in a genetically tractable model organism.
The Sense and Reference of Sound; or, Walter Pater’s Kinky Literalism
Authors: Coombs David Sweeney 
Published: March 2018

David Sweeney Coombs, “The Sense and Reference of Sound; or, Walter Pater’s Kinky Literalism” (pp. 487–514)
This essay explores the erotic possibilities of literal reading by strategically fetishizing the recurring figure of harmony in Walter Pater’s essay “The School of Giorgione” (1877) and his other post-Renaissance writings. I read Pater’s invocations of harmony literally with help from the scientific acoustics of the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz, which achieved immense popularity in Britain at just the moment that Pater made his famous declaration that all art aspires to the conditions of music. Both Pater and Helmholtz understood perception as an act of reading bodily sensations in which reference—our attention to the objects we infer to be present in the world around us—constantly threatens to overwhelm our awareness of the sensations themselves. In his work on acoustics, however, Helmholtz singled out musical harmony as an experience uniquely susceptible to the mental effort to distinguish discrete sensations during the act of perception. Oscillating between sense and reference, harmony exemplifies the rhetorical logic of what Pater calls literal metaphors—figures whose figurative significance can be fully accessed only by taking them literally. The most emblematic of Pater’s literal metaphors is the Paterian figure itself, at once human form and trope. To take Paterian figures literally, this essay suggests, is to reimagine literal reading as a form of kink—a fetishizing of the sensory forces through which a figure affects and dominates us.
Henry James’s Black Dresses
Authors: Goldberg Shari 
Published: March 2018

Shari Goldberg, “Henry James’s Black Dresses: Mourning without Grief” (pp. 515–538)
While scholars have carefully discerned how nineteenth-century modes of mourning differ from Sigmund Freud’s later model, the distinction between mourning and grief, in texts of the period and beyond, tends to be collapsed. This essay argues that Henry James disentangles the two terms by insisting on mourning’s association with ritualistic, social behavior, most iconically the wearing of a black dress. In James’s writing, to be “in mourning” generally means to be physically within such a dress, without reference to one’s emotional state. His use of the phrase, particularly in “The Altar of the Dead” (1895) and “Maud-Evelyn” (1900), thus offers ways of thinking through responses to death apart from grief. One is that the black dress can obscure, rather than advertise, the wearer’s feelings. Another is that such garments may facilitate ongoing relationships with persons now dead. Such processes of mourning without grief are nearly impossible to recognize after the advent of psychoanalysis, yet this essay concludes by finding evidence of their circulation in today’s political resistance.
New-onset insulin-dependent diabetes due to nivolumab
Authors: Zaied Ali A , Akturk Halis K , Joseph Richard W , Lee Augustine S 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death-1 receptor, is increasingly used in advanced cancers. While nivolumab use enhances cancer therapy, it is associated with increased immune-related adverse events. We describe an elderly man who presented in ketoacidosis after receiving nivolumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. On presentation, he was hyperpneic and laboratory analyses showed hyperglycemia and anion-gapped metabolic acidosis consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis. No other precipitating factors, besides nivolumab, were identified. Pre-nivolumab blood glucose levels were normal. The patient responded to treatment with intravenous fluids, insulin and electrolyte replacement. He was diagnosed with insulin-dependent autoimmune diabetes mellitus secondary to nivolumab. Although nivolumab was stopped, he continued to require multiple insulin injection therapy till his last follow-up 7 months after presentation. Clinicians need to be alerted to the development of diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis in patients receiving nivolumab.

Learning points:

Diabetic ketoacidosis should be considered in the differential of patients presenting with metabolic acidosis following treatment with antibodies to programmed cell death-1 receptor (anti-PD-1).

Autoimmune islet cell damage is the presumed mechanism for how insulin requiring diabetes mellitus can develop de novo following administration of anti-PD-1.

Because anti-PD-1 works by the activation of T-cells and reduction of ‘self-tolerance’, other autoimmune disorders are likely to be increasingly recognized with increased use of these agents.
Concurrent primary hyperparathyroidism and pheochromocytoma in a Chinese lady with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Wong Cheuk-Lik , Fok Chun-Kit , Tam Vicki Ho-Kee 
Published: March 2018

Summary
We report a case of elderly Chinese lady with neurofibromatosis type-1 presenting with longstanding palpitation, paroxysmal hypertension and osteoporosis. Biochemical testing showed mild hypercalcaemia with non-suppressed parathyroid hormone level suggestive of primary hyperparathyroidism, and mildly elevated urinary fractionated normetanephrine and plasma-free normetanephrine pointing to a catecholamine-secreting pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Further scintigraphic investigation revealed evidence of a solitary parathyroid adenoma causing primary hyperparathyroidism and a left pheochromocytoma. Resection of the parathyroid adenoma and pheochromocytoma resulted in normalization of biochemical abnormalities and hypertension. The rare concurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism and pheochromocytoma in neurofibromatosis type-1 is discussed.

Learning points:

All NF-1 patients who have symptoms suggestive of a pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL), even remotely, should undergo biochemical testing.

The initial biochemical tests of choice for PPGL in NF-1 are either plasma-free metanephrines or urinary fractionated metanephrines. Any elevations of metanephrines should be carefully evaluated for the presence of PPGLs in NF-1 patients.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is described in subjects with NF-1. Due to the lack of epidemiological and functional studies, their association is yet to be substantiated. Meanwhile, PHPT may further exacerbate the metabolic bone defect in these patients and should be treated when present according to published guidelines.

Coexistence of PPGL and PHPT can occur in subjects with NF-1, mimicking multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2).
A rare challenging case of co-existent craniopharyngioma, acromegaly and squamous cell lung cancer
Authors: Fountas Athanasios , Chai Shu Teng , Ayuk John , Gittoes Neil , Chavda Swarupsinh , Karavitaki Niki 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Co-existence of craniopharyngioma and acromegaly has been very rarely reported. A 65-year-old man presented with visual deterioration, fatigue and frontal headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a suprasellar heterogeneous, mainly cystic, 1.9 × 2 × 1.9 cm mass compressing the optic chiasm and expanding to the third ventricle; the findings were consistent with a craniopharyngioma. Pituitary hormone profile showed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, mildly elevated prolactin, increased insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and normal thyroid function and cortisol reserve. The patient had transsphenoidal surgery and pathology of the specimen was diagnostic of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. Post-operatively, he had diabetes insipidus, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and adrenocorticotropic hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency. Despite the hypopituitarism, his IGF-1 levels remained elevated and subsequent oral glucose tolerance test did not show complete growth hormone (GH) suppression. Further review of the pre-operative imaging revealed a 12 × 4 mm pituitary adenoma close to the right carotid artery and no signs of pituitary hyperplasia. At that time, he was also diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the left upper lung lobe finally managed with radical radiotherapy. Treatment with long-acting somatostatin analogue was initiated leading to biochemical control of the acromegaly. Latest imaging has shown no evidence of craniopharyngioma regrowth and stable adenoma. This is a unique case report of co-existence of craniopharyngioma, acromegaly and squamous lung cell carcinoma that highlights diagnostic and management challenges. Potential effects of the GH hypersecretion on the co-existent tumours of this patient are also briefly discussed.

Learning points:

Although an extremely rare clinical scenario, craniopharyngioma and acromegaly can co-exist; aetiopathogenic link between these two conditions is unlikely.

Meticulous review of unexpected biochemical findings is vital for correct diagnosis of dual pituitary pathology.

The potential adverse impact of GH excess due to acromegaly in a patient with craniopharyngioma (and other neoplasm) mandates adequate biochemical control of the GH hypersecretion.
The Effect of Tillage System and Rimsulfuron Application on Weed Flora, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Root Colonization and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: BILALIS Dimitrios , TRIANTAFYLLIDIS Vassilios , KARKANIS Anestis , EFTHIMIADOU Aspasia , KAKABOUKI Ioanna 
Published: March 2018

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of tillage system and rimsulfuron application on weed flora and growth of maize (Zea mays L. Mitic F1) at a site with no history of pesticide use for the last 5 years. A randomized complete block design was employed with three replicates per treatment (conventional tillage without rimsulfuron application (control), no-tillage with rimsulfuron application (NT+Rim) and conventional tillage with rimsulfuron application (CT+Rim)). The lowest leaf area index, dry weight and yield of maize were recorded in NT+Rim plots. In addition, the highest soil bulk density was determined in	NT+Rim plots. Moreover, the rimsulfuron application resulted in significant reduction in the root growth and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization. The lowest root biomass, root length density, root surface and AM root colonization was found in CT+Rim plots. The lowest weed number and biomass was also observed at CT+Rim plots. Sustainability yield index (SYI) shown that the maize crop is more stable under conventional tillage compared with no-tillage. Our results indicated that root growth was reduced significant by rimsulfuron application but statistically significant lower maize yield was obtained in no-tillage system.
Synteny of Images in Three Illustrated Dioscoridean Herbals: <i>Juliana Anicia Codex</i>, <i>Codex Neapolitanus</i>, and <i>Morgan 652</i>
Authors: JANICK Jules , WHIPKEY Anna L. , STOLARCZYK John 
Published: March 2018

Plant illustrations were compared in three ancient illustrated recensions of the non-illustrated manuscript of Dioscorides titled Î ÎµÏÎ¯ ÏÎ»Î·Ï‚ Î¹Î±Ï„ÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï‚ (De Materia Medica in Latin; On Medical Matters in English) written about the year 65: Juliana Anicia Codex (JAC) or Codex Vindobonensis produced in the year 512, Codex Neapolitanus (NAP) produced in the late 6th or early 7th century, and Morgan 652 (M652) produced between 927 and 985. M652 contains many illustrations that are similar to those of JAC, and it has long been evident that large parts of the M652 were based on the JAC or a precursor. NAP also appears to be a source in the creation of M652 since M652 contains several images that appear in NAP but not JAC, and when images are common in all three herbals about 19.3% of the M652 images are closer to NAP than JAC. We conclude that M652 illustrations are based on images from both JAC and NAP. A database of the three herbals is available online www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/herbalimages.
Turismo basado en naturaleza y conservación biológica: decisiones de uso de suelo en Mindo/ Nature-based tourism and biological conservation: land-use decisions in Mindo
Authors: Zalles Jorje Ignacio 
Published: March 2018

El turismo basado en naturaleza se reconoce como un incentivo económico indirecto para la conservación biológica. En particular, se espera que las visitas dirigidas a observación de vida silvestre en estado natural aporten al establecimiento de patrones de uso de suelo favorables para la integridad biológica de los paisajes destino. La localidad de Mindo se ha consolidado en décadas recientes como receptora de turismo basado en naturaleza. Este artículo analiza el papel que juega el turismo en decisiones de uso de suelo tendientes al incremento de cobertura forestal nativa en Mindo. Se describe el marco institucional asociado al turismo y se elabora un mapa cognitivo de las decisiones de uso de suelo por participantes en un programa de restauración forestal. La mejora del atractivo turístico mediante restauración forestal es un importante factor de agencia individual en cuanto a uso de suelo en Mindo. Existen desafíos institucionales, sin embargo, que allí limitan el potencial del turismo como fuerza motriz para el incremento en cobertura forestal, y por ende su contribución a la conservación biológica en términos de paisaje.
Abstract
Nature-based tourism is recognized as an indirect economic incentive for biological conservation. In particular, the expectation is that visits aimed at the observation of wildlife in its natural state will encourage the establishment of land-use patterns that are favorable to the biological integrity of destination landscapes. The locality of Mindo has in recent decades become a well-known destination for nature-based tourism. This article analyzes the role played by tourism in land-use decisions aimed at increasing native forest cover in Mindo. The institutional framework associated with tourism is described, and a cognitive map of land-use decisions by participants in a forest restoration program is presented. The improvement of touristic attractiveness through forest restoration is an important influence on individual agency regarding land use in Mindo. There are institutional challenges, however, that limit tourism´s potential as a land-use driver for increased forest cover, and therefore its contribution to biological conservation at a landscape level.
Almacenamiento energético frente al inminente paradigma renovable: el rol de las baterías ion-litio y las perspectivas sudamericanas/Energy storage towards the imminent renewable paradigm: the role of ion-lithium batteries and South American perspectives
Authors: Kazimierski Martin Ariel 
Published: March 2018

El actual sistema energético mundial se caracteriza por una alta dependencia de los combustibles fósiles, un paradigma que empieza a encontrar dificultades en tanto se agotan las reservas existentes y aumentan los costos ecológicos. Así, la incorporación de energías renovables, su generación en forma distribuida y el crecimiento del parque automotor eléctrico, se presentan como la triada más prometedora en la conformación de un nuevo paradigma más eficiente y sustentable. Este artículo se centra en la importancia que adquieren los acumuladores energéticos ante este panorama, principalmente por su rol en la estabilización de las redes y posibilitar el autoconsumo y la propulsión eléctrica. Identifica en las baterías de ion-litio un abanico de posibilidades para Sudamérica, que posee las reservas más importantes de litio en el mundo, incorporando la idea del desarrollo dentro del nuevo patrón energético y en un mercado actual y potencial de grandes dimensiones.
Abstract
The current global energy system is characterized by a high dependence on fossil fuels, a paradigm that begins to encounter difficulties as existing reserves are depleted and ecological costs increase. Thus, the incorporation of renewable energies, their generation in a distributed form and the growth of the electric motor park, are presented as the most promising triad in the conformation of a new, more efficient and sustainable paradigm. This article focuses on the importance that energy accumulators acquire in this scenario, mainly due to their role in stabilizing networks and enabling self-consumption and electric propulsion. It identifies lithium-ion batteries with a wide range of possibilities for South America, which has the most important reserves of lithium in the world, incorporating the idea of ??development within the new energy pattern and in a current and potential market of large dimensions.