bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of meteorological variables and holidays on the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO in Tehran (2014-2018)
Authors: Hadei Mostafa , Yarahmadi Maryam , Jafari Ahmad Jonidi , Farhadi Mohsen , Nazari Seyed Saeed Hashemi , Emam Baharan , Namvar Zahra , Shahsavani Abbas 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the concentrations

of PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO in Tehran during March 2014-March 2018, and evaluate the effects of holidays and meteorological parameters on

the air pollution levels.

Materials and methods: Hourly concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO in different air quality monitors of Tehran were acquired. The data from each air quality monitored were validated, and only high-quality monitors were included in this study.

Results: The 4-year averages of PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO concen-trations were 88.74 (µg/m3), 31.02 (µg/m3), 34.87 (ppb), 71.01 (ppb), 20.04

(ppb), and 3.78 (ppm), respectively. Higher concentrations of PM10 and O3 were observed during summer. In case of PM2.5 and CO, autumn and winter concentrations were higher than those in springer and summer. Lower concen-trations of PM10 and NO2 in Fridays were observed comparing to other days of week. Ozone had high concentrations in Fridays as the weekend in Iran. Except for O3, all of the pollutants had higher concentrations in the working days, comparing to those in any type of vacation days. Concentrations of all pollutants rather that SO2 and O3 in Nowruz holidays were statistically lower than those in the working days. By controlling for the effects of meteorologi-cal variables, our results showed that the air pollution control policies and ac-tions have been not effective for particulate matter.

Conclusion: These results determines the time periods in which the concen-trations of criteria air pollutants are high. This can be very useful for an-nouncing alarms for citizens, and designing the air pollution control plans. In addition, more effective actions should be designed and implemented for reducing ambient levels of particulate matter.
Smart parking :an efficient approach to city’s smart management and air pollution reduction
Authors: Faraji Seyed Jalalaldin , Nozar Marjan Jafari 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Due to increasing the population of cities and the physical-spatial expansion of the cities, vehicles are being used progressively, which has caused many problems for the cities including traffic increase, chaos in finding urban parking lots, increase of environmental pollution, decrease of citizens’ satisfaction, and so on. Among the many urban problems, parking lot is one of the issues that has been heavily debated in recent years. The lack of sufficient number of parking lots, on the one hand, and the related disorder and management problems, on the other hand, have led to a range of managerial and environmental problems. Meanwhile, one of the paradigms that has focused on this issue in recent years is smart city paradigm, which has offered the smart parking. This paradigm believes that parking, as a part of the city’s space, can be smart and can help urban management.

Materials and methods: This is an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature. The required data were collected using documentary and field studies and SWOT method was used to analyze the data.

Results: This study was conducted to evaluate and investigate the role of smart parking in increasing the efficiency of urban management and its im-pact on reducing air pollution.

Conclusion: Finally, the conclusion of the research have led to key strategies for achieving the research goal.
Developing codes for validation of PM10, PM2.5, and O3 datasets using R programming language
Authors: Nabizadeh Ramin , Hadei Mostafa 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The wide range of studies on air pollution requires accurate and reliable datasets. However, due to many reasons, the measured concentra-tions may be incomplete or biased. The development of an easy-to-use and reproducible exposure assessment method is required for researchers. There-fore, in this article, we describe and present a series of codes written in R Programming Language for data handling, validating and averaging of PM10,
PM2.5, and O3 datasets.

Findings: These codes can be used in any types of air pollution studies that seek for PM and ozone concentrations that are indicator of real concentra-tions. We used and combined criteria from several guidelines proposed by US EPA and APHEKOM project to obtain an acceptable methodology. Separate

.csv files for PM 10, PM 2.5 and O3 should be prepared as input file. After the file was imported to the R Programming software, first, negative and zero values of concentrations within all the dataset will be removed. Then, only monitors will be selected that have at least 75% of hourly concentrations. Then, 24-h averages and daily maximum of 8-h moving averages will be calculated for PM and ozone, respectively. For output, the codes create two different sets of data. One contains the hourly concentrations of the interest pollutant (PM10, PM2.5, or O3) in valid stations and their average at city level. Another is the

final 24-h averages of city for PM10 and PM2.5 or the final daily maximum 8-h averages of city for O3.
Conclusion: These validated codes use a reliable and valid methodology, and eliminate the possibility of wrong or mistaken data handling and averaging. The use of these codes are free and without any limitation, only after the cita-tion to this article.
Das relações entre posse, localização e existência em Apurinã (Aruák)
Authors: Freitas Marília Fernanda Pereira de , Facundes Sidney Da Silva 
Published: April 2019

Em Apurinã, língua Aruák falada ao longo de vários afluentes do rio Purus,sudoeste do Amazonas, as noções de posse, localização e existência podem ser expressas por uma mesma forma verbal. Em certas variedades da língua, o sufixo locativo pode expressar também posse em construções nominais. Essa característica de Apurinã, contudo, não é um caso isolado, uma vez que, em diferentes línguas, é recorrente a codificação linguística da posse estar relacionada à de localização e existência (cf.: HEINE, 1997, 2001; BARON; HERSLUND, 2001; STASSEN, 2009, entre outros). Neste artigo, buscaremos mostrar as relações conceituais e gramaticais entre esses três conceitos em Apurinã, focalizando a forma verbal awa, por meio da qual é possível verificar sincronicamente que a posse teve como domínio fonte a existência em construções verbais, dada a ocorrência de esquemas de eventos (HEINE, 1997, 2001) que revelam processos de gramaticalização operando na língua.
关于城市地下综合管廊管理系统及施工技术探析
Authors: 闽 汤 
Published: April 2019

<span> </span><span>随着我国城市化进程的不断加快，我国地下综合管廊的应用价值日益凸显，城市地下综合管廊管理系统是城市运营的重要保障，直接影响城市建设的综合发展，一旦其出现破损、堵塞的情况，就会对城市居民的日常生活带来负面影响。基于此，本文首先对城市地下综合管廊管理系统进行分析，然后对其具体的施工技术进行探讨，希望为相关人士提供有价值的参考。</span>
The Depths of Despair Among US Adults Entering Midlife
Authors: Gaydosh Lauren , Hummer Robert A. , Hargrove Taylor W. , Halpern Carolyn T. , Hussey Jon M. , Whitsel Eric A. , Dole Nancy , Harris Kathleen Mullan 
Published: April 2019

Objectives. To test whether indicators of despair are rising among US adults as they age toward midlife and whether this rise is concentrated among low-educated Whites and in rural areas. Methods. We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative study of US adolescents in 1994. Our sample was restricted to individuals who participated in 1 or more of 5 waves (1994–2017) and self-identified as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic (n = 18 446). We examined change in indicators of despair from adolescence to adulthood using multilevel regression analysis, testing for differences by race/ethnicity, education, and rurality. Results. We found evidence of rising despair among this cohort over the past decade. This increase was not restricted to low-educated Whites or to rural areas. Conclusions. Results suggest that generally rising despair among the young adult cohort now reaching midlife that cuts across racial/ethnic, educational, and geographic groups may presage rising midlife mortality for these subgroups in the next decade.
An unusual trigger cause of branch vein occlusion and vitreous hemorrhage from prepapillary arterial loop: A case report
Authors: BenAbderrahim Kais 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
To describe a rare case of vein occlusion and vitreous hemorrhage as complications of prepapillary arterial loop. In this report, sinusitis was recognized as an uncommon cause of bleeding from this optic disc abnormality.
Case presentations: A case of a-33-old-man suffering from acute sinusitis and presented with vitreous hemorrhage. Etiologic investigations were normal. Fundus examination and angiography confirmed the diagnosis of prepapillary arterial loop and a mild peripheral vein occlusion. Good prognosis was noted after the treatment of sinusitis and water drink.
Conclusions
Sinusitis should be considered as a possible trigger factor of bleeding from prepapillary loops in any healthy young patient. An early treatment of the sinus inflammation may lead to a good prognosis.
Regiones, subalternos, invisibles, cultura política y desigualdad. Crisis y retorno de lo social en la historia de América Latina en el siglo XX
Authors: Santamaría García Antonio 
Published: April 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la historiografía reciente sobre América Latina en el siglo XX, en especial la agrupada genéricamente en torno al pensamiento posmoderno. Metodológicamente, está estructurado en función del análisis de las principales tendencias historiográficas, las aportaciones más representativas y su crítica. Como resultado, se constata que se ha hecho un esfuerzo metodológico radical que ha renovado los estudios, pero que ha ocasionado una dispersión en el conocimiento que requiere ejercicios de síntesis. Por esa razón, sus limitaciones estriban en la amplitud de las aportaciones examinadas, la enormidad del espacio que tratan, compuesto por multitud de historiografías nacionales. Su originalidad es la consistencia con los resultados: el ejercicio de síntesis y crítica para justipreciar los resultados de una vasta renovación historiográfica. Por tratarse de un ensayo historiográfico, los hallazgos y las conclusiones están implícitos en el objetivo, metodología, originalidad y valor del artículo.
Contribution of Resveratrol in the Development of Novel Urease Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Kataria Ritu , Khatkar Anurag 
Published: April 2019

Aims and Objective:A new library of resveratrol derivatives was designed and synthesized in excellent yield via two-step reaction utilizing Vilsmeier reaction as the first step and subsequent addition of substituted aromatic amine in the second step.Methods:Synthesized compounds were investigated for their antioxidant as well as for in vitro inhibition activity against jack bean urease enzyme. Compounds R3b and R4 with IC50 value 18.85±0.15 and 21.60±0.19µM against urease enzyme and 6.01±0.07 and 7.52±0.14µM in vitro- DPPH free radical scavenging activity have emerged as most active molecules from the selected library. Molecular simulation studies were also carried out for determining the interaction detail of newly synthesized compounds within a protein pocket.Results and Conclusion:Newly synthesized compounds were found to possess better docking score (-5.941 to -6.894) and binding energy (-46.854 to -56.455) as compared to the parent resveratrol (-5.45 and -20.155) which revealed that the newly synthesized compounds bind in a better way as compared to the parent molecule
P Wave Dispersion and Silent Atrial Fibrillation in Cryptogenic Stroke: The Pathogenic Role of Inflammation
Authors: Acampa Maurizio , Lazzerini Pietro E. , Guideri Francesca , Tassi Rossana , Cartocci Alessandra , Martini Giuseppe 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Cryptogenic stroke (CS) represents 25% of ischemic strokes. Especially
after CS, the detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is important because it provides clues to the
mechanism of stroke. However, the relationship between AF and stroke appears more complex than
a simple cause-effect mechanism, suggesting that the association between AF and stroke may be
due to other systemic and atrial factors including systemic inflammation that may lead to atrial
remodeling and subsequent atrial cardiopathy.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among different electrocardiographic
parameters, inflammatory markers and in-hospital AF occurrence after acute CS.

Methods:
222 patients with CS underwent 12-lead resting ECG at admission and 7-day in-hospital
ECG monitoring. The following indices were evaluated: P-wave dispersion (PWD), P-wave index,
P-wave axis, atrial size and high-sensitivity-C reactive protein (CRP).

Results:
AF was detected in 44 patients. AF-group had significantly higher PWD, P-wave index,
PR interval, CRP and greater frequency of abnormal P-wave axis in comparison with no-AF group.
There was a significant correlation between CRP and PWD (r=0.28). By using the mediation
analysis, performed according to the “bootstrapping” method, we found that PWD is a significant
mediator variable of the relationship between CRP and AF occurrence, accounting for 40% of the
association.

Conclusions:
In cryptogenic stroke, high PWD is partly due to systemic inflammation that
increases AF risk possibly via atrial electric remodeling. These findings could also suggest
inflammation as a possible therapeutic target in order to prevent atrial electrical alterations and
finally AF occurrence in CS.
Greedy Load Balancing Energy Efficient Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Maratha Priti , Gupta Kapil 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Despite so many constraints, the limited battery power of the sensor nodes
is the core issue in Wireless Sensor Networks. This compels how to extend the lifetime of the network
as long as possible. One of the ways to solve the problem is to balance the relay traffic load to
extend the lifetime.

Objective:
In this paper, a load balancing algorithm is suggested that selects the best possible relay
node so that uniform consumption of the battery power of the sensor nodes can be ensured.

Methods:
After random deployment, sensor nodes collect information about their neighbors and
their expected load. The selection of new next hop starts from maximum hop count. Next hop of the
nodes having a single parent is set first. Remaining nodes select their next hop in the non-increasing
order of their load.

Results:
Simulation results verify that packet delivery ratio for proposed work is up to 50% till 72%
of total time duration and no nodes getting dead till 48% of total time duration, while for others,
nodes start getting dead around 36% of total time duration. Also, it is proved that the solution obtained
by proposed work can be at most 1.5 times imbalanced as compared to the optimal solution
which implies our solution is quite near to the optimal one.

Conclusion:
Load balancing done in our work has shown more positive results in comparison to
others in terms of network lifetime and first node death and which is also verified with F-test with α-
value to be 0.05.
A Review of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Based Fuzzy Classifiers
Authors: Dwivedi Praveen Kumar , Tripathi Surya Prakash 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Fuzzy systems are employed in several fields like data processing, regression,
pattern recognition, classification and management as a result of their characteristic of handling
uncertainty and explaining the feature of the advanced system while not involving a particular mathematical
model. Fuzzy rule-based systems (FRBS) or fuzzy rule-based classifiers (mainly designed
for classification purpose) are primarily the fuzzy systems that consist of a group of fuzzy logical
rules and these FRBS are unit annexes of ancient rule-based systems, containing the "If-then" rules.
During the design of any fuzzy systems, there are two main objectives, interpretability and accuracy,
which are conflicting with each another, i.e., improvement in any of those two options causes the
decrement in another. This condition is termed as Interpretability –Accuracy Trade-off. To handle
this condition, Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) are often applied within the design
of fuzzy systems. This paper reviews the approaches to the problem of developing fuzzy systems
victimization evolutionary process Multi-Objective Optimization (EMO) algorithms considering
‘Interpretability-Accuracy Trade-off, current research trends and improvement in the design of
fuzzy classifier using MOEA in the future scope of authors.

Methods:
The state-of-the-art review has been conducted for various fuzzy classifier designs, and
their optimization is reviewed in terms of multi-objective.

Results:
This article reviews the different Multi-Objective Optimization (EMO) algorithms in the
context of Interpretability -Accuracy tradeoff during fuzzy classification.

Conclusion:
The evolutionary multi-objective algorithms are being deployed in the development of
fuzzy systems. Improvement in the design using these algorithms include issues like higher spatiality,
exponentially inhabited solution, I-A tradeoff, interpretability quantification, and describing the
ability of the system of the fuzzy domain, etc. The focus of the authors in future is to find out the
best evolutionary algorithm of multi-objective nature with efficiency and robustness, which will be
applicable for developing the optimized fuzzy system with more accuracy and higher interpretability.
More concentration will be on the creation of new metrics or parameters for the measurement of
interpretability of fuzzy systems and new processes or methods of EMO for handling I-A tradeoff.
A Weighted Assignment Approach Using Recommendation Routing for Congestion Control in Wireless Sensor Networks-WEAR
Authors: Somayaji Siva Rama Krishnan , Thangavelu Arun Kumar 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Congestion can happen in WSNs while congregating the information and sending it
towards the sink. It leads to increased packet delay, indiscriminate packet loss, severe fidelity degradation
and wasted node energy.

Objective:
The aim of the proposed work is to suppress congestion using a dynamic weight assignment
scheme, where each sensor node transmits the data in accordance to the weight assigned to it, thus ensuring
priority fairness and minimizing packet loss. The proposed congestion control technique shall boost the
overall performance of the system by supporting assured delivery of high importance events to sinks.

Methods:
Weights are assigned to each record based on two things, the delay in sending and receiving, and
the change in value of the variables passed by the nodes. If the difference in timestamp is below a threshold
(alpha) and the difference in the values is above a threshold (Beta), it gets a weight of W1, which is like a
high priority data record. Similarly, if the difference in timestamp is above a threshold (gamma) and the values
passed by the nodes have changed a negligible amount, that record is assigned a weight of W3, which is
the least priority.

Results:
From the analysis, it is inferred that proposed method had a higher throughput and the throughput
was equally distributed among all the participating nodes.

Conclusion:
The proposed method endeavours to avoid congestion by implementing an effective queuing
mechanism to reinforce definitive wireless communication.
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON POISON CASES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: A. RAMYA , G. ANDHUVAN , V. RAGHUPATHI 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and cause of poisoning. To characterize the poisoning cases admitted in a tertiary care hospital; followed by the outcome and to observe the antidote given for the poison cases.
Methods: This observational study was undertaken in emergency departments (EMD) and Medical Record Department (MRD). Totally 557 poison cases was recruited in this study. Grade of poison was assessed by using poison severity score. Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Results: A total of 557 poison cases were identified in 2, 39, 828 patients out of which 360(64%) were suicidal and 189(34) cases admitted were accidental. The patients who were admitted between 2-5 h after exposed to poison were found to be more followed by 0-1 hr,>1-2 h,>6-24 h,>24 h and>5-6 h. More number of cases were seen in the others (Synthetic cow dung powder and medicine) type of poison 296(53%) followed by household poisoning 93(17%), bites 86 (15%), insecticide poisoning 64(12%) and food poisoning 16(3%). Activated charcoal was the maximum used antidote.
Conclusion: Through this study, it was found that suicidal poisoning was the most common type.
MEDICINES WASTE POLICIES AND THE POPULATION KNOWLEDGE IN BRAZIL
Authors: ROCATTO ELISANGELA MORAIS , BELARDO THAIS MOURA GASCON , ANDRADE ISMAEL FERNANDES , FONSECA FERNANDO L. A. , REIS MIRIAM MARQUETE , RAMOS ODAIR , AMARAL JOICE ANAIZE TONON DO , AZZALIS LIGIA AJAIME , JUNQUEIRA VIRGINIA , SALATINI RENATA , RAIMUNDO RODRIGO DAMINELLO , CARVALHO TATIANA DIAS DE 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To investigate the degree of knowledge of the patients enrolled in the Unified Health System of the Medicine School of ABC (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC) regarding the proper use and disposal of medicaments.
Methods: Participants were recruited for convenience, during their medical appointments at the clinic of the Medical School of ABC (Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil) in the period from 04 August to 30 September 2014. Data collection was conducted through a self-administered poll designed specifically for the purpose of this study, which consisted of 25 questions multiple choice about socioeconomic issues and the subject disposal of drugs, consumption and environmental pollution.
Results: We selected the 140 patients’ polls. Most of them is of white ethnicity (58%) and female (58%). Level of education: 31% have completed secondary education (31%) or incomplete graduation (19%). Most of the participants (76%) buy drugs without a prescription, and most families (76%) seek understanding by reading the labels. 71.43% reported knowing that incorrect disposal of drugs could contaminate the environment, but 78% reported never having seen or received information about these. After using, 22.15% maintains the medication at home for future use, 55% of subjects reported improper disposal sites and 13% are delivered in health care institutions.
Conclusion: Our study has showed that most participants inappropriately use and dispose of drugs, even though they know they can contaminate the environment.
Esculturas de acero: observaciones de corrosión e inhibición mediante una cámara de niebla salina, sensores y un microscopio de bajo costo
Authors: Novoa Jerez José Enrique , Alfaro Guerra Marco Antonio , Alfaro Alcaíno Ignacio Antonio 
Published: April 2019

La presencia de partículas de NaCl en el aerosol marino produce corrosión en esculturas de acero de interés patrimonial, valor artístico y arquitectónico. Es aquí donde la observación de la corrosión utilizando una cámara de neblina, sensores y un microscopio de bajo costo <strong> </strong>podría permitir su estudio, junto con la ventaja de poder desarrollar proyectos en conjunto entre carreras de Pedagogía en Química con carreras de Pedagogía en Historia y Geografía y Pedagogía en Matemáticas y Computación, además del estudio de las propiedades anticorrosivas de <em>Metamizol</em> frente al acero al carbono sometido al aerosol marino en la cámara de neblina mediante la utilización de fotomicrografías.