bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allies and Traitors: Vice-Presidents in Latin America
Authors: Marsteintredet Leiv , Uggla Fredrik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVice-presidents in Latin America have often been at the centre of political turbulence. To prevent conflicts within the executive, most Latin American countries have therefore put in place formulae to elect presidents and vice-presidents on a joint electoral ticket. Still, it is common for presidential candidates to pick running mates from other parties in order to construct alliances and appeal to a broader set of voters. But the presence of such ‘external’ vice-presidents seems to increase the risk of presidential interruption in general and impeachment processes in particular. Accordingly, we argue that the frequently overlooked institution of the vice-president deserves attention as a possible intervening variable that can contribute to the explanation for government crises and their outcomes in Latin America.
What’s fair? Preferences for tax progressivity in the wake of the financial crisis
Authors: Limberg Julian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProgressive taxation is an effective redistributive tool in times of growing inequality. However, like all public policies, an increase in tax progressivity is unlikely if it lacks popular demand. Has the financial crisis affected the demand for progressive taxation? Building on research that has identified fairness beliefs as the main factor pushing for taxes on the rich, I argue that the Great Recession and states’ reactions to it have caused a general shift in tax policy preferences. As a consequence, demand for tax progressivity is higher in crisis countries. Multilevel analyses using survey data for 32 countries show support for my argument. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the politics of redistribution in the 21st century.
Caring relationships and their role in users’ choices: a study of users of Direct Payments in England
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUser choice in care for older people has assumed that care is like any other commodity; which is in contrast with the concept of care defined by the feminist and ethics of care literature, which includes a relational component beyond care tasks – caring relationships. This study aims to understand how caring relationships impact the decisions of older users of care and their perceived satisfaction. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 Direct Payments (DPs) older users, including proxies, in three Local Authorities in the Greater London area. Users fell into three groups according to their use of DPs: those purchasing care from agencies, those employing acquaintances as Personal Assistants (PAs) and those employing strangers as PAs. Decisions on and perceived satisfaction with care were both influenced by caring relationships. All users recognised that caring relationships can have instrumental value in improving care delivery or allowing greater leeway in negotiating tasks. Many users placed intrinsic value on continuity of care and the development of close caring relationships and clearly favoured employing PAs. The latter involved higher levels of uncertainty, emotional investment and reciprocal gift exchanges. Agencies were often chosen due to users’ preference for more detached caring relationships. The findings confirm that caring relationships involving reciprocal emotional investment are an important outcome of care, with salient implications for user behaviour.
Examining the associations between children's receptive language skills and developmental domains in the United States and Turkey
Authors: GULER YILDIZ Tulin , GONEN Mubeccel , ULKER ERDEM Ayca , GARCIA Aileen , RAIKES Helen , ACAR Ibrahim H. , BURCAK Firdevs , TURAN Figen , CAN GUL Sadiye , DAVIS Dawn 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study examined the relations between receptive language development and other developmental domains of preschoolers from low-income families, through an inter-cultural perspective involving the United States and Turkey. A total of 471 children and their caregivers participated in Turkey, while 287 participated in the United States. Children's development was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire for both samples. Different versions of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were used for Turkish and US samples, to measure receptive language development. Results revealed similar patterns, with some differences, between the two countries. Receptive language predicted only communication and personal–social scales in the Turkish sample, while the US children's receptive language skills were associated with communication, problem solving, personal–social, and fine and gross motor development scales. These results were discussed in the context of each country, and the comparative conclusions contribute to the extant literature by illustrating the importance of language for three domains.
Identifying critical psychotherapy targets in serious cardiac conditions: The importance of addressing coping with symptoms, healthcare navigation, and social support
Authors: Bekelman David B. , Knoepke Christopher E. , Turvey Carolyn 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn seriously ill cardiac patients, several psychotherapy efficacy studies demonstrate little to no reduction in depression or improvement in quality of life, and little is known about how to improve psychotherapies to best address the range of patient needs. An interpersonal and behavioral activation psychotherapy was a key component of the Collaborative Care to Alleviate Symptoms and Adjust to Illness (CASA) multisite randomized clinical trial. Although depressive symptoms did improve in the CASA trial, questions remain about how best to tailor psychotherapies to the needs of seriously ill patient populations. The study objective was to describe psychosocial needs emerging during a clinical trial of a palliative care and interpersonal and behavioral activation psychotherapy intervention that were not specifically addressed by the psychotherapy.MethodDuring the CASA trial, patient needs were prospectively tracked by the psychotherapist in each visit note using an a priori code list. Preplanned analysis of study data using directed content analysis was conducted analyzing the a priori code list, which were collapsed by team consensus into larger themes. The frequency of each code and theme were calculated into a percentage of visits.ResultA total of 150 patients received one or more visits from the therapist and were included in the analysis. Participants screened positive for depressive disorder (47%), had poor heart failure-specific health status (mean Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score = 48.6; SD = 17.4), and multiple comorbidities (median 4.3). Common needs that emerged during the therapy included difficulty coping with fatigue (48%), pain (28%), and satisfaction issues with medical care (43%). The following broader themes emerged: social support (77% of sessions), unmet symptom needs (67%), healthcare navigation (48%), housing, legal, safety, and transportation (32%), and end of life (12%).Significance of resultsCoping with chronic symptoms and case management needs commonly emerged during psychotherapy visits. Future psychotherapy interventions in seriously ill populations should consider the importance of coping with chronic symptoms and case management.
geomIO: An Open‐Source MATLAB Toolbox to Create the Initial Configuration of 2‐D/3‐D Thermo‐Mechanical Simulations From 2‐D Vector Drawings
Authors: Bauville A. , Baumann T. S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCreating the initial geometry and temperature configuration of 3‐D numerical simulations is a challenging task. Professional tools are expensive. They often have a steep learning curve and do mostly not interface with the numerical simulation software used by the geodynamics and tectonics academic community. There, we developed geometry Input/Output (geomIO), a MATLAB toolbox to create the initial configuration of geological models regarding model geometry and temperature structure. geomIO allows users to create a geo‐referenced 3‐D volume by drawing multiple 2‐D cross sections in a standard vector graphics editor. The volume is then used to assign material properties and set up initial temperature distribution on a set of vertices. In 2‐D mode, polygons can also be used to create a triangular mesh. In addition to the standard functionality, the gravity anomaly of any geometry created with geomIO can be calculated. In this paper, we give an overview of the basic functionalities of geomIO. We illustrate the strength of our software with advanced tectonic and geodynamic applications that could not have been performed with currently available free software. Applications include the Himalayan orogen, the Japanese subduction zones, present‐day salt diapirs, and small‐scale tectonic structures. We describe algorithms and file formats in the supporting information. The toolbox is user‐friendly and flexible. Users can use custom pipelines or preset data processing pipelines, so most applications require only a few lines of code. geomIO is distributed under the GNU General Public License and includes an online wiki with tutorials and additional examples.
Dust Sources of Last Glacial Chinese Loess Based on the Iron Mineralogy of Fractionated Source Samples
Authors: Jia Jia , Wang Youjun , Xia Dunsheng , Lu Hao , Gao Fuyuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is composed of an enormous volume of aeolian dust, the provenance of which is still debated. In the present study, we attempt to distinguish different sources of Last Glacial (LG) sediments of the CLP based on the iron mineralogical characteristics of different particle size fractions of surface samples from potential source areas in Northwest China. The result reveals that the iron mineral characteristics of the surface samples are spatially heterogeneous and that differences between sedimentary basins are greater than those within the basins. The contents of magnetite and goethite have a significant particle size dependency, but this is not the case for hematite. The iron mineralogical characteristics of the samples are closely related to the distribution of mountain ranges and tectonic activity in NW China. Basing on mathematical calculation, we propose that (i) the 8‐ to 31‐μm fractions, the major component of CLP loess, is a mixture of sediment weathering from NE Tibetan Plateau and Central Asian Orogenic Belt, with a majority from Tibetan Plateau; (ii) S. Alxa Plateau is the dominant source of 31‐ to 63‐μm fractions of CLP LG loess; (iii) the Qaidam Basin is the dominant source of 2‐ to 8‐μm fractions of CLP LG loess; and (iv) the material contribution from Ordos Plateau is limited to CLP LG loess, especially for the loess on the western CLP.
The Upper Stratospheric Solar Cycle Ozone Response
Authors: Ball W. T. , Rozanov E. V. , Alsing J. , Marsh D. R. , Tummon F. , Mortlock D. J. , Kinnison D. , Haigh J. D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe solar cycle (SC) stratospheric ozone response is thought to influence surface weather and climate. To understand the chain of processes and ensure climate models adequately represent them, it is important to detect and quantify an accurate SC ozone response from observations. Chemistry climate models (CCMs) and observations display a range of upper stratosphere (1–10 hPa) zonally averaged spatial responses; this and the recommended data set for comparison remains disputed. Recent data‐merging advancements have led to more robust observational data. Using these data, we show that the observed SC signal exhibits an upper stratosphere U‐shaped spatial structure with lobes emanating from the tropics (5–10 hPa) to high altitudes at midlatitudes (1–3 hPa). We confirm this using two independent chemistry climate models in specified dynamics mode and an idealized timeslice experiment. We recommend the BASICv2 ozone composite to best represent historical upper stratospheric solar variability, and that those based on SBUV alone should not be used.
Magnetic Signatures of a Plume at Europa During the Galileo E26 Flyby
Authors: Arnold Hannes , Liuzzo Lucas , Simon Sven 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe analyze the magnetic field perturbations observed near Jupiter's icy moon Europa by the Galileo spacecraft during the E26 flyby on 3 January 2000. In addition to the expected large‐scale signatures of magnetic fieldline draping and induction, the E26 data set contains various prominent structures on length scales much smaller than the moon's radius. By applying a hybrid (kinetic ions and fluid electrons) model of Europa's interaction with the impinging magnetospheric plasma, we demonstrate that these fine structures in the magnetic field are consistent with Galileo's passage through a water vapor plume whose source was located in Europa's orbital trailing, southern hemisphere. Considering the large‐scale asymmetries of Europa's global atmosphere alone is not sufficient to explain the observed magnetic signatures. Combined with the recent identification of a plume during the earlier E12 flyby of Galileo, our results provide strong evidence that plume activity at Europa was a persistent phenomenon during the Galileo era.
Excitation of Storm Time Pc5 ULF Waves by Ring Current Ions Based on the Drift‐Kinetic Simulation
Authors: Yamakawa T. , Seki K. , Amano T. , Takahashi N. , Miyoshi Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStorm time Pc5 waves are considered to be excited through the drift‐bounce resonance by ring current ions associated with the injection from the magnetotail. Using the Geospace Environment Modeling System for Integrated Studies–Ring Current simulation, a drift‐kinetic and self‐consistent model for ring current particles, we investigate the excitation mechanism of these waves in the inner magnetosphere. The power spectra of electromagnetic field fluctuations show the excitation of both poloidal and toroidal mode waves in Pc5 frequency range. It is found that these waves are fundamental mode waves with the azimuthal wave number m~ − 20 and excited through the drift resonance with the drifting ions with energies of 80–120 keV. The simulation indicates that global distribution of wave power coincides with the positive local growth rate mainly contributed by the positive phase space density gradient in energy.
Growing Spatial Scales of Synchronous River Flooding in Europe
Authors: Berghuijs Wouter R. , Allen Scott T. , Harrigan Shaun , Kirchner James W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRiver flooding is a common hazard, causing billions of dollars in annual losses. Flood impacts are shaped by the spatial scale over which different rivers flood simultaneously, but this dimension of flood risk remains largely unknown. Using annual flood data from several thousand European rivers, we demonstrate that the flood synchrony scale—the distance over which multiple rivers flood near synchronously—far exceeds the size of individual drainage basins and varies regionally by more than an order of magnitude. These data also show that flood synchrony scales have grown by about 50% over the period 1960–2010. Detrended flood synchrony values are serially correlated, implying that years with spatially extensive floods tend to follow one another. These findings reveal that flood risks are correlated well beyond the individual drainage basins for which flood hazards are typically assessed and managed.
Recent Advancements and Remaining Challenges Associated With Inner Magnetosphere Cross‐Energy/Population Interactions (IMCEPI)
Authors: Yu Yiqun , Liemohn Mike W. , Jordanova Vania K. , Lemon Colby , Zhang Jichun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe geospace inner magnetosphere, within about 10 Earth radii, contains various plasma populations with energy from a few electron volts to megaelectron volts and plays important roles in regulating the energy density of the magnetosphere, the magnetic field configuration, and wave dynamics. As an integrated part of the magnetosphere, the inner magnetosphere region also ties to other regions and can change the global geospace circulation. Therefore, understanding both internal and external cross‐energy/population interactions can help further our knowledge of the inner magnetosphere dynamics and nonlinear feedback processes. In view of this, in the past 5 years (2014–2018), the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) Focus Group “inner magnetosphere cross‐energy/population interactions (IMCEPI)” has gathered and boosted community‐wide interactions among observation, simulation, and modeling studies. This commentary reports some major accomplishments of the interactive inner magnetosphere community that were advanced by the IMCEPI Focus Group discussions and layouts remaining challenges that need to be carried on.
α‐Chapman Scale Height: Longitudinal Variation and Global Modeling
Authors: Li Qiaoling , Liu Libo , Jiang Jinzhe , Li Wenbo , Huang He , Yu You , Li Jiacheng , Zhang Ruilong , Le Huijun , Chen Yiding 
Published: January 2019

AbstractScale height measures the altitude gradient of the electron density profile and relates with the ionospheric chemistry and dynamics, while its longitudinal variation has not been fully investigated in both statistical analyses and empirical modelings. In this study, 11‐year electron density profiles from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate radio occultations are collected to retrieve the α‐Chapman scale height (Hm) from the lower topside ionospheric electron density profile (within 200‐km altitudes above the peak height of F2 layer [hmF2]) by fitting α‐Chapman function with a constant scale height. The Hm shows evident longitudinal variations at midlatitudes, and its zonal structure shows a consistency with that of hmF2 during daytime, which indicates neutral winds change the ionospheric height and shape at the same time. Further, a global modeling of Hm named 2PCAFourier‐Hm is built based on a two‐layer Principle Component Analysis combined with Fourier regression analysis of its coefficients under low and moderated solar activity. Longitudinal variation is considered in the Hm's modeling, along with the variations of local time, latitude, day of the year, and solar activity. Overall, the model well captures the temporal and spatial variations of Hm with a root‐mean‐square error of 2.25 km and a correlation coefficient of 0.97 with respect to the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate observations.
Mesenchymal stem cells in suppression or progression of hematologic malignancy: current status and challenges
Authors: Lee Myoung Woo , Ryu Somi , Kim Dae Seong , Lee Ji Won , Sung Ki Woong , Koo Hong Hoe , Yoo Keon Hee 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for being multi-potent. However, they also possess anticancer properties, which has prompted efforts to adapt MSCs for anticancer therapies. However, MSCs have also been widely implicated in pathways that contribute to tumor growth. Numerous studies have been conducted to adapt MSCs for further clinical use; however, the results have been inconclusive, possibly due to the heterogeneity of MSC populations. Moreover, the conflicting roles of MSCs in tumor inhibition and tumor growth impede their adaptation for anticancer therapies. Antitumorigenic and protumorigenic properties of MSCs in hematologic malignancies are not as well established as they are for solid malignancies, and data comparing them are still limited. Herein the effect of MSCs on hematologic malignancies, such as leukemia and lymphoma, their mechanisms, sources of MSCs, and their effects on different types of cancer, have been discussed. This review describes how MSCs preserve both antitumorigenic and protumorigenic effects, as they tend to not only inhibit tumor growth by suppressing tumor cell proliferation but also promote tumor growth by suppressing tumor cell apoptosis. Thus clinical studies trying to adapt MSCs for anticancer therapies should consider that MSCs could actually promote hematologic cancer progression. It is necessary to take extreme care while developing MSC-based cell therapies in order to boost anticancer properties while eliminating tumor-favoring effects. This review emphasizes that research on the therapeutic applications of MSCs must consider that they exert both antitumorigenic and protumorigenic effects on hematologic malignancies.
Live cell analysis at sea reveals divergent thermal performance between photosynthetic ocean microbial eukaryote populations
Authors: McInnes Allison Skinner , Laczka Olivier F , Baker Kirralee G , Larsson Michaela E , Robinson Charlotte M , Clark Jennifer S , Laiolo Leonardo , Alvarez Marco , Laverock Bonnie , Kremer Colin T , van Sebille Erik , Doblin Martina A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Experimentation at sea provides insight into which traits of ocean microbes are linked to performance in situ. Here we show distinct patterns in thermal tolerance of microbial phototrophs from adjacent water masses sampled in the south-west Pacific Ocean, determined using a fluorescent marker for reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS content of pico-eukaryotes was assessed after 1, 5 and 25 h of incubation along a temperature gradient (15.6–32.1 °C). Pico-eukaryotes from the East Australian Current (EAC) had relatively constant ROS and showed greatest mortality after 25 h at 7 °C below ambient, whereas those from the Tasman Sea had elevated ROS in both warm and cool temperature extremes and greatest mortality at temperatures 6–10 °C above ambient, interpreted as the outcome of thermal stress. Tracking of water masses within an oceanographic circulation model showed populations had distinct thermal histories, with EAC pico-eukaryotes experiencing higher average temperatures for at least 1 week prior to sampling. While acclimatization and community assembly could both influence biological responses, this study clearly demonstrates that phenotypic divergence occurs along planktonic drift trajectories.
Evidence that inflammation promotes estradiol synthesis in human cerebellum during early childhood
Authors: Wright Christopher L. , Hoffman Jessica H. , McCarthy Margaret M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDiscovering and characterizing critical and sensitive periods in brain development is essential for unraveling the myriad variables that impact disease risk. In previous work, we identified a critical period in cerebellar development in the rat that depends upon an intrinsic gene expression program and links increased prostaglandin production to local estradiol synthesis by stimulating Cyp19a, the estradiol synthetic enzyme, aromatase. This intrinsic critical period is sensitive to disruption by either inflammation or administration of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, ultimately impacting Purkinje cell dendritic growth. In a first step towards determining if a similar sensitive period exists in humans, the same gene expression profile was characterized in post-mortem cerebellar tissue of 58 children aged 0 to 9 years. Subjects were categorized as experiencing inflammation or not at the time of death. In individuals experiencing inflammation and over 1 year of age, there was a significant increase in the messenger RNA (mRNA) of the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes and this strongly correlated with mRNA levels of aromatase. A step-wise linear model accounted for 94% of the variance in aromatase mRNA levels by co-variance with the COX enzymes, prostaglandin E2 synthase and other inflammatory mediators (Toll-like receptor 4), and Purkinje cell markers (calbindin, estrogen receptor 2). The influence of inflammation on these measures was not seen in subjects younger than 1 year. These data suggest a sensitive period to inflammation in the human cerebellum begins at about 1 year of age and may provide insight into sources of vulnerability of very young children to either inflammation or drugs designed to treat it.