bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of HLA-A2 on the effectiveness of platelet transfusions in alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients
Authors: Duquesnoy RJ , Filip DJ , Aster RH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet transfusions from donors selectively mismatched for cross- reactive and certain non-cross-reactive HLA antigens were found to be more effective in HLA-A2 negative than in HLA-A2 positive, alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients. The two groups of patients responded equally well to platelets matched for antigens of the HLA-A and B loci. Certain alloimmunized patients negative for HLA-A2 continued to respond satisfactorily to platelets selectively mismatched for non-cross-reactive HLA antigens as long as platelets containing HLA- A2 were avoided. The data indicate that platelet transfusion support can be provided within a broader range of donor-recipient HLA antigenic disparity to HLA-A2 negative alloimmunized patients than to those who are positive for this antigen.
beta-O-thalassemia from Algeria: genetic and molecular characterization
Authors: Godet J , Verdier G , Nigon V , Belhani M , Richard F , Colonna P , Mitchell J , Williamson R , Tolstoshev P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
beta-Thalassemia is a major public health problem in Algeria. During a survey, a family including two cases of betaO-thalassemia was studied. The family study indicated that two of the affected siblings had homozygous beta-thalassemia; there were also both normal and heterozygous siblings, and both parents had beta-thalassemia trait. In the two cases of betaO-thalassemia there was no hemoglobin A in the peripheral blood, and no beta-globin chain synthesis in whole cell incubations. Hybridization of purified complementary DNA specific for alpha- and beta-globin messenger RNAs demonstrated less than 1% mRNAbeta relative to mRNAalpha in circulating reticulocytes, and for one case in total RNA from bone marrow. There is no apparent beta- globin gene deletion as determined by hybridization in globin cDNAbeta sequence excess. Therefore the Algerian cases studied are similar in molecular pathology to some Southern Italian and Asian cases described previously, and differ from other Italian and Chinese betaO- thalassemias, in which hybridizable mRNAbeta has been demonstrated, and from deltabetaO-thalassemia, which is caused by a gene deletion.
Demonstration of hemopoietic stem cells in the peripheral blood of baboons by cross circulation
Authors: Storb R , Graham TC , Epstein RB , Sale GE , Thomas ED 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Baboons were given 1200 R total body irradiation from two opposing 60Co sources. Three animals were given supportive therapy only and died, as expected, within 8 days of irradiation with profound marrow hypoplasia. Five baboons were cross-circulated with unirradiated partners and died within 14 days with evidence suggestive of graft-versus-host disease. Their marrows were repopulated with hemopoietic precursor cells, and three of the five had rises in peripheral white blood cell counts to more than 1500/cu mm before death. These results are compatible with the presence of hemopoietic stem cells in the peripheral blood of a nonhuman primate, the baboon.
Molecular defect in platelets from patients with bernard-soulier syndrome
Authors: Degos L , Tobelem G , Lethielleux P , Levy-Toledano S , Caen J , Colombani J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An IgG antibody isolated from the serum of a patient with the Bernard- Soulier syndrome induced platelet agglutination in the platelet-rich plasma of 50 normal subjects regardless of their ABO, KOa, KOb, HLA, or PlA1 types. This antibody was nonreactive with platelets from three other Bernard-Saulier syndrome patients. Indirect immunoprecipitation tests using this serum (or purified IgG) and soluble membrane antigens labeled with 125I that had been extracted from normal platelets by the nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40 gave a single radioactive peak at 150,000 MW in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These findings strongly suggest that the antigenic determinant reacting with this antibody is absent from platelets of Bernard-Soulier syndrome patients and that the deficient molecule is of 150,000 MW. The role of this molecule in subendothelial adhesion and macromolecular-mediated aggregations is discussed.
Megakaryocyte maturation indicated by methanol inhibition of an acid phosphatase shared by magakaryocytes and platelets
Authors: Markovic OS , Shulman NR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Optimal conditions necessary for the cytochemical demonstration of megakaryocyte (Mk) and platelet acid phosphatase (AP) were determined. Methanol, a constituent of fixatives commonly used in AP cytochemistry, was found to inhibit MkAP, and the degree of inhibition varied with Mk maturity. Immature Mk contained predominantly methanol-resistant AP, and mature Mk, predominantly methanol-sensitive AP. Platelets contained methanol-sensitive AP similar to mature Mk, suggesting that this enzyme provides an index of platelet formation by Mk. Soluble platelet AP showed three bands on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, visualized by the same reactions applied cytochemically. Two bands, accounting for 98% of the platelet AP activity, were slow moving and methanol sensitive; and one fast moving band accounting for 2% of activity was methanol resistant. Measurement of Mk and platelet AP isoenzymes may prove to have applications in evaluating Mk function.
Plateletpheresis in the management of thrombocytosis
Authors: Taft EG , Babcock RB , Scharfman WB , Tartaglia AP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Acute thrombotic and hemorrhagic manifestations of thrombocytosis associated with myeloproliferative disorders may be life threatening. Conventional therapy with radioisotopes and/or cytotoxic drugs may require weeks for effective control of platelet counts. In five patients, plateletpheresis by discontinuous-flow (Haemonetics) or continuous-flow (Aminco Celltrifuge) centrifugation was used as a means of reducing platelet counts acutely. With each procedure, approximately 2–9 X 10(12) platelets were removed, resulting in decrements in platelet counts and relief of symptoms. Plateletpheresis is a useful and safe acute means of controlling platelet counts in myeloproliferative disorders.
Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt independent of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production in rabbit alveolar macrophages during phagocytosis
Authors: Tsan MF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Phagocytosis and oxidative metabolism of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) were studied. Human PMN ingested a mean of 12 polyvinyl toluene latex particles (2 micrometer in diameter) per cell. There was stimulation of O2- and H2O2 production, light emission, and activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt during phagocytosis by human PMN. Rabbit AM ingested 51 latex particles (2 micrometer in diameter) per cell. There was no stimulation of the production of O2- and H2O2 or light emission associated with phagocytosis by rabbit AM, while the hexose monophosphate shunt was activated. Similar metabolic changes were obtained in both cell types when opsonized zymosan was used as phagocytic particles. 1-14C- glucoseoxidation was stimulated by H2O2 and methylene blue in both resting human PMN and rabbit AM. It is concluded that activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt in rabbit AM during phagocytosis is independent of O2- and H2O2 production.
Effect of protein deprivation on erythropoiesis
Authors: Anagnostou A , Schade S , Ashkinaz M , Barone J , Fried W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of protein deprivation on erythropoietin (Ep) production were studied. The posthypoxia plasma Ep levels of rats fed a protein- free diet for only 1 day prior to being exposed to 0.5 atmosphere for 7 hr were significantly lower than those of comparably hypoxic rats maintained on a normal diet. The postthypoxia plasma Ep levels were even lower in rats kept on protein-depleted diets for longer periods of time. Rats fed diets with 0.5%, 5% or 12% protein content for 6 days had lower posthypoxia plasma Ep levels than those fed a normal diet (20% protein content). When a single protein meal was force-fed to protein-deprived rats 0–4 hr after initiating the exposure to hypoxia, the posthypoxia plasma Ep levels were significantly higher than in protein-deprived rats that were fed water or dextrose. The posthypoxia plasma Ep titers of protein-deprived rats fed protein 4–8 hr prior to exposure to hypoxia did not differ significantly from those of protein- deprived rats. Although the posthypoxia plasma Ep levels of protein- deprived rats fed a hemolysate containing 0.8 g of hemoglobin 4 hr after beginning hypoxia were greater than those of protein-deprived rats fed only water, the rate of oxygen consumption in these two groups did not differ. We conclude that, in addition to its response to the availability of oxygen, Ep production is infl,enced by the availability of amino acids.
Blood group D antigen content of nucleated red cell precursors
Authors: Rearden A , Masouredis SP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The D antigen content of nucleated red cell precursors in human bone marrow was estimated using autoradiography and 125I-anti-D. D antigen first appeared in the pronormoblast, and the quantity of antigen progressively increased during red cell maturation. Maximal anti-D binding occurred on mature red blood cells. Pronormoblasts, basophilic normoblasts, polychromatophilic normoblasts, and orthochromatic normoblasts, respectively, had approximately 1/4, 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4 the quantity of antigen found on mature red cells. None of the other cell types were found in bone marrow labeled with anti-D.
Erythropoiesis during recovery from macrocytic anemia: macrocytes, normocytes, and microcytes
Authors: Bessman D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In seven patients with marked megaloblastic anemia (MCV greater than 110 fl), red cell size distribution curves (erythrograms) demonstrated the size of red cells produced after therapy. In six, the new red cells were normocytic throughout recovery. In the seventh patient, folate repletion along produced a new population of microcytes, due to unsuspected iron deficiency; after iron repletion normocytes were produced. Three patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia had macrocytosis (MCV greater than 110 fl) without folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. During recovery with predisone therapy, instead of a discrete new normocytic population appearing, the entire population progressively returned to normal size. Normal rather than “stress” reticulocytes, and remodeled stress reticulocytes remaining, may explain this different pattern of recovery. Two patients initially had minor subpopulations of smaller red cells that disappeared soon after therapy. These probably reflected the dyserythropoiesis of severe megaloblastic anemia.
An unusual case of a plasma cell neoplasm with an IgG3lambda myeloma and a gamma3 heavy chain disease protein
Authors: Adlersberg JB , Grann V , Zucker-Franklin D , Frangione B , Franklin EC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A unique case of gamma3 heavy chain disease with two related serum proteins is reported. One molecule appears to be an IgG3lambda myeloma protein. The second molecule is a dimer of a shortened gamma3 heavy chain that has an unblocked amino terminus and lacks the VH and CH1 domains. Its probable origin as a synthetic product is discussed. The clinical and pathologic features of this patient resemble those of other patients with gamma heavy chain disease more than those of patients with multiple myeloma. It seems likely that the heavy chain disease protein is the result of a mutational event in the malignant clone originally producing the myeloma protein.
Antibody-dependent lymphocyte-mediated granulocyte cytotoxicity in man
Authors: Logue GL , Kurlander R , Pepe P , Davis W , Silberman H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sera from two patients with granulocytopenia associated with collagen vascular disease caused the destruction of normal human granulocytes by autologous lymphocytes in vitro. Granulocyte cytotoxicity was measured by the release of 51Cr during incubation with test sera and lymphocytes in microtiter plates. Between 8% and 46% granulocytoxicity was produced in granulocytes from 8 normal donors by the sera from these two patients. Less than 6% granulocytotoxicity was seen with the sera from 14 normal subjects and 29 patient controls. Treatment of lymphocyte preparations with carbonyl iron and magnetic separation to remove phagocytic cells or treatment with complement-coated red cells followed by repeated gradient centrifugation to remove complement receptor- bearing lymphocytes did not reduce the granulocytotoxicity. There was a dose-response relationship between the concentration of positive sera and granulocytotoxicity. When these sera were fractionated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and by ion-exchange chromatography with DEAE- cellulose, the active component appeared in the IgG-containing fractions. Thus, IgG antibody-dependent, lymphocyte-mediated granulocyte cytotoxicity represents a means of detecting human granulocyte antibodies and is a possible mechanism of autoimmune neutropenia in these two patients.
Terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase activity in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Shaw MT , Dwyer JM , Allaudeen HS , Weitzman HA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Moderately high levels of activity of the enzyme terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) were found in the leukemic cells of a patient with acute lymphyocytic leukemia. The proliferating cells were B lymphocytes bearing IgG antibody, and the disease was associated with an IgG monoclonal spike and a mediastinal mass. The observations in this case suggest that TdT is related more to the immaturity and proliferation of certain lymphoid stem cells than to their progress toward B- or T-cell differentiation.
Differences in the terminal steps of complement lysis of normal and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria red cells
Authors: Rouault TA , Rosse WF , Bell S , Shelburne J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The number of microscopically visible lesions produced on the membrane for a given degree of lysis on normal cells as on PNH cells. Since complement lesions were not formed until C8 or C9 was incorporated into the complement sequence, the results suggest that increased lysis of red cells in PNH is due at least in part to more efficient penetration of the PNH membrane by the terminal lytic sequence of complement. Furthermore, the efficiency of the terminal lytic sequence in the lysis of PNH cells when complement was activated by the alternative pathway and the classical pathway was analyzed. There was no significant difference (p less than 0.01) in the number of lesion present at an equivalent degree of lysis when initiated by antibody, cobra venom factor, or acidification. Thus, the efficiency of the terminal lytic sequence does not vary with different modes of activation.
Multimarker analysis of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Marks SM , Yanovich S , Rosenthal DS , Moloney WC , Schlossman SF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 68-yr-old male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presented with splenomegaly and skin infiltration but no lymphadenopathy. The peripheral blood WBC cound was 300 x 10(9)/liter, with 95% small mature- appearing lymphocytes that were E-rosette positive and EAC-rosette negative. Further characterization of the patient's cells was performed using antisera with known lymphoid sub-population specificity. Anti- p23,30, which reacts with normal circulating B cells but not with T cells or thymocytes, was unreactive with the patient's cells. Anti-311, which reacts with both thymocytes and circulating T cells, was reactive with the patient's cells. Anti-Bk, which reacts only with thymocytes and not with circulating T-cells, failed to react with the patient's cells. The enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, present in thymocytes but absent for circulating T-cells, was also absent from the patient's lymphoid cells. Multimarker analysis therefore showed a mature T-lymphocyte phenotype on this patient's leukemia cells. Further functional analysis will probably show that such cells represent clonal expansion of a mature T-cell subpopulation, analogous to the B-cell clonality of common-variant CLL.
Human cell lines that elaborate colon-stimulating activity for the marrow cells of man and other species
Authors: Di Persio JF , Brennan JK , Lichtman MA , Speiser BL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have established two human cell lines which elaborate colony- stimulating activity (CSA) for at least four species: man, mouse, rabbit, and dog. One, GCT, was isolated from a lung metastasis of a fibrous histiocytoma; the other, RC4, from a monocyte-enriched fraction of normal blood. Medium conditioned by either GCT or RC4 cells was more potent in stimulating human marrow growth in vitro than was monocyte-conditioned medium or human leukocyte feeder layers. Fractionation of cell-line-conditioned medium by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography indicated that the maximum activity of the CSA for human marrow cells is eluted within the range of 30,000–40,000 daltons. These cells lines provide a continuous source of large quantities of conditioned medium for purification of CSA. Moreover, the invariable growth-supporting activity for all species tested and the high potency of cell-line CSA facilitates studies of its elaboration and biologic effects.
Fetal erythropoiesis in steel mutant mice. III. Defect in differentiation from BFU-E to CFU-E during early development
Authors: Chui DH , Liao SK , Walker K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythroid progenitor cells in +/+ and Sl/Sld fetal livers manifested as burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units- erythroid (CFU-E) were assayed in vitro during early development. The proportion of BFU-E was higher as mutant than in normal fetal livers. On the other hand, the proportion of CFU-E was less in the mutant than in the normal. These results suggest that the defect in Sl/Sld fetal hepatic erythropoiesis is expressed at the steps of differentiation that effect the transition from BFU-E to CFU-E.
Treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia with melphalan
Authors: Hauch T , Logue G , Laszlo J , Cox E , Rundles W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirty-three patients with newly diagnosed chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) were treated with melphalan between 1968 and 1976. Within 3 mo of beginning therapy subjective and objective disease parameters improved. Disease control was easily maintained with this agent until hematologic exacerbation occurred. The median duration of disease control was 25.3 mo, and the median duration of survival was 28.6 mo. Serious side effects were not produced. Thus melphalan appears to be another agent that may be used to control the manifestations of CGL prior to hematologic exacerbation.
Three-dimensional model of bone marrow
Authors: Mohandas N , Prenant M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three-dimensional scale models of bone marrow from a hypertransfused and a normal rat were constructed. The model of marrow from the hypertransfused rat demonstrated the existence of distinct erythroblastic islands in situ in which the erythroblasts underwent sychronous maturation. Macrophages were found in close association with the developing erythroblasts. The immature erythroblasts were tightly grouped, but as they matured they began to move apart. Erythroblasts in individual clusters were found to be at the same stage of morphologic maturation. In contrast, the model of marrow from the normal rat showed a majority of clusters containing erythroblasts at various stages of maturation. Erythropoiesis was not spatially restricted to the area proximal to the sinuses but was found to occur over the entire marrow space. Thrombopoiesis, however, was found to take place exclusively in the immediate vicinity of the marrow sinuses.
Platelet factor VIII-related antigen: studies in vivo after transfusion in patients with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Sultan Y , Jeanneau C , Lamaziere J , Maisonneuve P , Caen JP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four unrelated patients with a severe form of von Willebrand disease showed no detectable factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:AG) in either their plasma or their platelets. They received cryoprecipitate infusions, three patients in a single injection each and one every day for 9 days before and after surgery. Platelet VIIIR:Ag was studied at different times during and after transfusion using electroimmunoassay of platelet extracts and electron microscopy of the platelets incubated with anti-VIIIR:Ag antibodies coupled to peroxidase. No VIIIR-Ag was detected in or around the patients' platelets, although this antigen was detected in the circulating blood. These results that there was no VIIIR:Ag uptake from the plasma by the platelets and that platelet VIIIR:Ag came from megakaryocytes.
"Concentration x time" methotrexate via a subcutaneous reservoir: a less toxic regimen for intraventricular chemotherapy of central nervous system neoplasms
Authors: Bleyer WA , Poplack DG , Simon RM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neurotoxicity associated with intrathecal methotrexate therapy has been shown to correlate with elevated concentrations of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as with the total cumulative dosage. In our study 19 patients with meningeal leukemia were randomized to receive courses of intraventricular methotrexate via an Ommaya reservoir consisting of either single injections of 12 mg/sq m/dose or a low-dose “concentration x time” (C x T) schedule of 1 mg every 12 hr for 3 days. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the rate of remission induction, the number of relapses, or the durations of remission. The mean (+/- 1 SD) cumulative methotrexate dose was 66 +/- 41 mg/sq m in the C x T group and 173 +/- 64 mg/sq m in the 12 mg/sq m/dose group (p less than 0.005). Neurologic toxicity occurred in one of the eight patients in the C x T group and in seven of ten patients in the 12 mg/sq m/dose group (p less than 0.05). These observations suggest that the C x T dosage schedule is less neurotoxic and equally effective in the treatment of central nervous system leukemia.
Granulocyte modulation of endotoxin-stimulated colony-stimulating activity (CSA) production
Authors: Mahmood T , Robinson WA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Incubation of human macrophages with endotoxin resulted in significantly enhanced colony-stimulating activity (CSA) production by these cells. Preincubation of endotoxin with mature granulocytes abolished this stimulatory effect. The stimulatory effect of endotoxin on macrophage CSA production was not abolished, however, by preincubation with NaF-treated granulocytes, granulocyte membranes, or nonphagocytic cells (lymphocytes or erythrocytes). These data suggest that mature granulocytes may play a role in the modulation of CSA production and granulopoiesis by inactivation of stimulatory materials such as endotoxin.