bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing the National Early Warning Score – A qualitative study of hospital nurses’ perceptions and reactions
Authors: Jensen Jørghild Karlotte , Skår Randi , Tveit Bodil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore hospital nurses’ perceptions and reactions to the National Early Warning Score during an introduction programme.DesignA qualitative case study approach with participatory observations was used for this study.MethodsIn total, nine seminars and 23 simulation sessions attended by nurses were observed. An activity theory system analysis was applied to interpret the material.ResultsThe findings revealed four tensions related to the working context: (a) tension between using a standardized tool and relying on clinical judgement (the tool could be either an aid or a barrier to patient assessment); (b) tension in the community of practice (the tool could be beneficial or increase stress and anxiety); (c) tension related to rules and compliance (the tool could be perceived as optional or compulsory); and (d) tension related to the division of labour (nurses feared more work).
Antidepressant amitriptyline‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activation is mediated by Src family tyrosine kinase, which leads to glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor mRNA expression in rat astroglial cells
Authors: Abe Hiromi , Kajitani Naoto , Okada‐Tsuchioka Mami , Omori Wataru , Yatsumoto Masahide , Takebayashi Minoru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAstrocytes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and in the mechanism of the pharmacological effects of antidepressant drugs by the production of neurotrophic/growth factors. Previous studies have identified astrocyte‐expressed Gαi/o‐coupled lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1), as being involved in antidepressant‐induced production of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) activation, an important step in the production of GNDF. However, the precise mechanism of MMP‐9 activation by antidepressants has yet to be identified, in particular the intracellular signaling pathway between LPAR1/Gαi/o and MMP‐9.Methods and ResultsTreatment of rat C6 astroglial cells (C6 cells) with amitriptyline increased Src family tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in a time and concentration‐dependent manner. Amitriptyline‐induced GDNF mRNA expression was blocked by Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In addition, inhibiting Src family tyrosine kinase blocked amitriptyline‐induced zymographic MMP‐9 activation in C6 cells. The amitriptyline‐induced zymographic MMP‐9 activity was completely blocked by selective inhibition of Gαi/o protein and LPAR1. Furthermore, the amitriptyline‐induced Src family tyrosine kinase phosphorylation was blocked by LPAR1, but not MMP‐9 inhibition, indicating that Src family tyrosine kinase involvement is downstream of LPAR1.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that the pharmacological effect of antidepressant such as amitriptyline is mediated through an intracellular signaling pathway via the LPAR1/Gαi/o/Src family tyrosine kinase, which leads to MMP‐9 activation and GDNF production.
Calcification resistance of polyisobutylene and polyisobutylene‐based materials
Authors: Kekec Nur Cicek , Akolpoglu Mukrime Birgul , Bozuyuk Ugur , Kizilel Seda , Nugay Nihan , Nugay Turgut , Kennedy Joseph P. 
Published: April 2019

Calcification of implanted biomaterials is highly undesirable and limits clinical applicability. Experiments were carried out to assess the calcification resistance of polyisobutylene (PIB), PIB‐based polyurethane (PIB‐PU), PIB‐PU reinforced with (CH3)3N+CH2CH2CH2NH2 I−‐modified montmorillonite (PIB‐PU/nc), PIB‐based polyurethane urea (PIB‐PUU), PIB‐PU containing S atoms (PIBS‐PU), PIBS‐PU reinforced with (CH3)3N+CH2CH2CH2NH2 I−‐modified montmorillonite (PIBS‐PU/nc), and poly(isobutylene‐b‐styrene‐b‐isobutylene) (SIBS), relative to that of a clinically widely implanted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)–based PU, Elast‐Eon (the “control”). Samples were incubated in simulated body fluid for 28 days at 37°C, and the extent of surface calcification was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier‐transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Whereas the PDMS‐based PU showed extensive calcification, PIB and PIB‐PU containing 72.5% PIB, ie, a polyurethane whose surface is covered with PIB, were free of calcification. PIBS‐PU and PIB‐PUU, ie, polyurethanes that contain S or urea groups, respectively, were slightly calcified. The amine‐modified montmorillonite‐reinforcing agent reduced the extent of calcification. SIBS was found slightly calcified. Evidently, PIB and materials fully coated with PIB are calcification resistant.
In situ latex synthesis of magnetic polymer nanocomposites for application in magnetorheological materials
Authors: Wang Yan , Ma Yibing , Sun Youyi , Guo Guizhen , Liu Yaqing 
Published: April 2019

A new magnetic polymer nanocomposite based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles and nature rubber was prepared by the in situ latex method. This process was fast, versatile, reliable, safe, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive. The magnetorheological effect and mechanical properties of magnetic polymer nanocomposites were investigated in detail. The tensile strength of magnetic polymer nanocomposites without other reinforcing fillers was about 14.6 MPa. At the same time, the relative and absolute magnetorheological effect was about 365.0% and 3.64 MPa, respectively, which were almost 10 times with respect to other magnetic polymer nanocomposites based on nature rubber. Furthermore, the relationships between microstructure and mechanical behavior of magnetic polymer nanocomposites were simulated and discussed by the numerical treatment of a new theoretical model associated with finite element analysis for explaining the micro‐mechanism of magnetic polymer nanocomposites with high performance. The work did not only provide a universal route for the rational design and preparation of magnetic polymer nanocomposites with simultaneously high magnetic sensitivity and mechanical properties for various applications but also propose a new method to improve dispersion of magnetic particles in nature rubber for various applications.
Poly(p‐phenylenediamine)‐coated magnetic particles: Preparation and electrochemical properties
Authors: Tenório‐Neto Ernandes Taveira , Baraket Abdoullatif , Guilherme Marcos Rogério , Lima‐Tenório Michele Karoline , Lelong Quentin , Zine Nadia , Errachid Abdelhamid , Fessi Hatem , Elaissari Abdelhamid 
Published: April 2019

Magnetic particles are of great interest in various biomedical applications, such as, sample preparation, in vitro biomedical diagnosis, and therapy. For biosensing applications, the used functional magnetic particles should answer numerous criteria such as; submicron size in order to avoid rapid sedimentation, high magnetic content for fast separations under applied magnetic field, and finally, good colloidal stability. Therefore, the aim of this work was to prepare submicron magnetic core and conducting polymer shell particles. The polymer shell was induced using p‐phenylenediamine as key monomer. The obtained core–shell particles were characterized in terms of particle size, size distribution, magnetization properties, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, surface morphology, chemical composition, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. The best experimental condition was found using 40 mg of povidone (PVP—stabilizing agent) and 0.16 mmol of p‐phenylenediamine. Using such initial composition, the core‐shell magnetic nanoparticles shown a narrowed size distribution around 290 nm and high magnetic content (above 50%). The obtained amino containing submicron highly magnetic particles were found to be a conducting material and superparamagnetic in nature. These promising conducting magnetic particles can be used for both transport and lab‐on‐a‐chip detection.
Highly exfoliated epoxy/clay nanocomposites filled with novel cationic fluorinated polyacrylate modified montmorillonite: Morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Liu Chunhua , Liu Weiqu , He Sha , Jiang Chi , Xie Yankun , Yang Maiping , Shi Hongyi , Wang Zhengfang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this investigation, a novel cationic fluorinated polyacrylate modified montmorillonite (CFPA‐MMT) were prepared. WAXRD results showed that the d‐spacing of CFPA‐MMTs expanded with an increase in the feeding amount of CFPA. FTIR spectra and TGA analysis were used to confirm the modification and organic content of CFPA‐MMTs. E51‐CFPA‐MMTs nanocomposites containing different amount of CFPA‐MMTs were fabricated using acetone slurry compounding method. WAXRD patterns in combination with TEM observations presented the intercalated structure of the E51‐0.5CFPA‐MMT‐3 nanocomposite and the intercalated/exfoliated morphologies of E51‐1CFPA‐MMT‐3 and E51‐2CFPA‐MMT‐3 nanocomposites, which revealed that an increase in the CFPA content of CFPA‐MMTs is conducive to form the exfoliated morphology. The SEM images showed that the dispersion zones of MMT platelets separately dispersed in the epoxy matrix at lower filler content (≤1 wt%) whereas connected with each other at higher filler content (≥3 wt%). The separate dispersion zones induced superior improvement in the tensile strength, especially with higher CFPA content. The E51‐2CFPA‐MMT‐1 nanocomposites obtained the largest tensile strength at 69.2 MPa which is an increase of 14.4% compared to that of the neat cured E51. The intercalated and exfoliated MMT platelets increased the storage modulus both in the glassy region and in the rubbery region while decreased theTg of epoxy/clay nanocomposites compared to the neat cured epoxy.
Preparation of a highly specific single chain variable fragment antibody targeting miroestrol and its application in quality control of Pueraria candollei by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Pongkitwitoon Benyakan , Boonsnongcheep Panitch , Kitisripanya Tharita , Yusakul Gorawit , Sakamoto Seiichi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Morimoto Satoshi , Putalun Waraporn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionMiroestrol is the potent phytoestrogen isolated from White Kwao Krua (Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (Airy Shaw & Suvat.) Niyomdham, a Thai traditional medicinal plant. Nowadays, various health supplementary products featuring White Kwao Krua are available worldwide. A sensitive and rapid analytical method for quantification of miroestrol is necessary for quality control of these products.ObjectivesTo prepare a single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody specific to miroestrol and develop a scFv‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitative analysis of miroestrol in plant materials and health supplementary products.MethodsA gene encoding anti‐miroestrol scFv antibody was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 strain. Anti‐miroestrol scFv antibody was characterised and applied to ELISA. The developed scFv‐based ELISA method was validated for its sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision.ResultsAnti‐miroestrol scFv antibody was highly specific to miroestrol. The scFv‐based ELISA was applied to determine miroestrol in the range 0.06–7.81 μg/mL, with the limit of quantification of 0.06 μg/mL miroestrol. The accuracy of the assay was validated by its 95.08–103.99% recovery from the spiked miroestrol recovery experiment and in good correlation with the results from the monoclonal antibody‐based ELISA. The relative standard deviation of the intra‐ and inter‐assay were less than 6.0%.ConclusionThe developed scFv‐based ELISA was sensitive, specific, accurate, and precise for determination of miroestrol and useful for quality control of P. candollei plant raw materials and supplementary products.
Quantitative spectrochemical analysis of solution plasma in aromatic molecules
Authors: Bratescu Maria Antoaneta , Kim Kyusung , Saito Nagahiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA nonthermal plasma produced at atmospheric pressure in the gas resulted from the surrounding liquid is named solution plasma (SP). A quantitative and comparative spectrochemical analysis of the plasma gas and solution in benzene, pyridine, and aniline is performed. The number densities of dicarbon and cyano radicals and hydrogen molecule from the plasma gas are measured using a cheap, straightforward, and home‐made optical set‐up. By simply modifying the optical set‐up, the molar concentration of newly formed chemical compounds is in situ obtained in the solution. The thermodynamic properties of aromatic molecules determine the electrical breakdown and the species number densities in the plasma gas. The production rate and atomic composition of carbon material are correlated with the radicals from plasma gas.
Amplified Photoacoustic Imaging of Tumor through In Situ Cycloaddition
Authors: Deng Guang , Zhou Ping , Zhou Zhiguo , Wang Xiyou , Yang Hong , Yang Shiping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) imaging has received great attention in the field of biomedical applications due to the combination advantages of the high contrast of optical imaging and the high spatial resolution of ultrasound. The limited targeting property of PA contrast agents is restricted to elaborate its advantage. To overcome this point, a pretargeting strategy is developed to amplify the targeting property and PA imaging of a model dye in vivo. As a proof of concept, the dibenzyl cyclootyne (DBCO)‐modified Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) (Fe@Fe3O4/DBCO) and azide‐modified Cy7.5 (Cy7.5‐N3) are adopted as the pretargeting and PA contrast agents, respectively. Fe@Fe3O4/DBCO NPs are first targeted into tumors by the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and then Cy7.5‐N3 is conjugated to the pretargeted Fe@Fe3O4/DBCO labeled tumor cells via strain‐promoted alkyne azide cycloaddition reaction after intravenous injection, which results in an obvious increase of the accumulated dose and PA signal of Cy7.5 in tumor, and simultaneously extends its residence time. This signal amplification strategy should have an important guiding significance for the clinical application in cancer theranostics.
The effect of chronic kidney disease on CYP2B expression and activity in male Wistar rats
Authors: Kucey Andrew S. , Velenosi Thomas J. , Tonial Nicholas C. , Tieu Alvin , RaoPeters Adrien A. E. , Urquhart Brad L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive reduction in kidney function over time. CKD affects greater than 10% of the population and its incidence is on the rise due to the growing prevalence of its risk factors. Previous studies demonstrated CKD alters nonrenal clearance of drugs in addition to reducing renal clearance. We assessed the function and expression of hepatic CYP2B enzymes using a rat model of CKD. CKD was induced in Wistar rats by supplementing their chow with adenine and confirmed through the detection of elevated uremic toxins in plasma. Liver enzymes AST and ALT were unchanged by the adenine diet. Bupropion was used as a probe substrate for hepatic CYP2B function using rat liver microsomes. The resulting metabolite, hydroxy‐bupropion, and bupropion were quantified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Level of mRNA and protein were determined by RT‐PCR and Western blot, respectively. The results of our study demonstrate that CYP2B1 is downregulated in a rat model of CKD. CYP2B1 mRNA level was significantly decreased (88%, P < 0.001) in CKD relative to control. Similarly, maximal enzymatic velocity (Vmax) for CYP2B was decreased by 46% in CKD relative to control (P < 0.0001). Previous studies involving patients with CKD demonstrated altered bupropion pharmacokinetics compared to control. Hence, our results suggest that these alterations may be mediated by attenuated CYP2B hepatic metabolism. This finding may partially explain the alterations in pharmacokinetics and nonrenal drug clearance frequently observed in patients with CKD.
A Nickel‐Based Pectin Metal‐Organic Framework as a Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Catalyst for Proton‐Exchange‐Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Kadirov Marsil K. , Minzanova Salima T. , Nizameev Irek R. , Khrizanforov Mikhail N. , Mironova Lyubov G. , Kholin Kirill V. , Kadirov Danis M. , Nefed‘ev Eugene S. , Morozov Mikhail V. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Budnikova Yulia H. , Sinyashin Oleg G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly non‐PGM (platinum group metal) anode catalyst made of nickel pectate, the biological raw material, was developed and tested in proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). 5.2 mA cm‐2 and 1.5 mW cm‐2, the maximum current density and the maximum power density of the developed catalyst, respectively, correspond to sufficiently high values of these characteristics for PEMFC with an anode without a PGM catalyst and a cathode with a platinum one.
A Green Approach for the Synthesis of Coconut Husk Ash –Twisted Graphene Nanocomposites: Novel Catalysts for Solvent‐Free Biginelli Reaction
Authors: Narayanan Divya P , Balasubramanyan Sowmya , Cherikkallinmel Sudha Kochiyil , Vadery Vinu , Sankaran Sugunan , Narayanan Binitha N 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHerein we report an easy, scalable, cost‐effective and green synthesis of twisted graphene from bulk graphite by a ball milling technique with the in situ formation of novel coconut husk ash (CHA) ‐ twisted graphene nanocomposite and its catalytic application towards multicomponent Biginelli reaction. Here the ash derived from naturally available waste material (coconut husk) is effectively used as an exfoliating agent for the scissoring of graphene layers from bulk graphite for the first time. The elemental analysis data obtained by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) provided useful information regarding the composition of CHA and the nanocomposites. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the exfoliation of graphite into graphene layers. Raman spectroscopic analysis evaluated the quality and the nature of graphene layers in the composites. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the bonding between the graphene layers and CHA particles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the presence of few layered graphene as well as twisted graphene in the composites. The CHA – twisted graphene nanocomposite is found to be an excellent reusable catalyst for Biginelli reaction with a higher yield of 3,4‐dihydropyrimidinones within short duration of reaction.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel‐Cell‐Based Amperometric H2 Sensor with Pulsed Electrodeposited Electrodes Prepared Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Erusappan Jayanthi , Nachimuthu Murugesan , Cheruvary Ramesh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA fuel cell based amperometric H2 sensor with pulsed electrodeposited electrodes has been developed and tested for its performance. Nafion, a commercial proton exchange membrane was used as electrolyte in the sensor. Platinum (Pt) deposited gas diffusion electrode (GDE) based sensing and counter electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition and pulsed electrodeposition methods using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid electrolyte. Prior to the electrodeposition, the electrodeposition behaviour of Pt on GDE was studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry. The deposition potential of Pt was obtained from cyclic voltammogram. The nucleation and growth behaviour of Pt were examined by chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry. Electrodeposition and pulsed electrodeposition of Pt on GDE were carried out under the optimized conditions. The prepared electrodes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope and gracing incidence X‐ray diffraction. In order to compare the sensor performance, Nafion based amperometric hydrogen sensors were made with both electrodeposited and pulsed electrodeposited Pt on GDE electrodes. The assembled amperometric H2 sensors were tested in the dynamic range of 1–4% of H2/Ar. Pulsed electrodeposited Pt on GDE sensor showed higher sensitivity and better response time than the electrodeposited Pt on GDE sensor.
Investigation of the Chemistry for the Host Sol‐Gel Glass via the Energy Transfer Fluorescence of Encapsulated Organic‐Tb(III) Complexes
Authors: Zaitoun Mohammed A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFluorescence of organo‐terbium complexes have been investigated as a function of the matrix composition using two sol‐gel derived hosts: (a) matrix 1, an alkoxysilane Si (OR)4, where all the coordinated OR groups associated with silicon hydrolyze in water and (b) matrix 2 with an organoalkoxysilane, R’‐ Si (OR)3 which consists of organic R’ groups that don't hydrolyze. The synthesized organo‐Tb(III) complexes, namely: Tb(III) dithiocarbamate‐Tb(L1)3B [L1=(R)2NCS2B, R=C2H5 and B=1,10‐phenanthroline] and Tb(III) complex with the polytonic ligand L2=N’, N’2‐bis[(1E)‐1‐2‐(pyridyl)ethylidine]ethanedihydrazide Tb2‐L2‐(CH3COO)2; L2=C16H16 N6O2) were in situ encapsulated in the sol‐gel glass hosts matrices, 1 and 2. Tb luminescence was shown to depend largely on (i) the ligand surrounding Tb ions, and (ii) chemistry or nature of the sol‐gel host matrix.
On‐Chip Rolling Design for Controllable Strain Engineering and Enhanced Photon–Phonon Interaction in Graphene
Authors: Wang Lu , Tian Ziao , Zhang Biran , Xu Borui , Wang Tianbo , Wang Yang , Li Shilong , Di Zengfeng , Mei YongFeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOn‐chip strain engineering is highly demanded in 2D materials as an effective route for tuning their extraordinary properties and integrating consistent functionalities toward various applications. Herein, rolling technique is proposed for strain engineering in monolayer graphene grown on a germanium substrate, where compressive or tensile strain could be acquired, depending on the designed layer stressors. Unusual compressive strains up to 0.30% are achieved in the rolled‐up graphene tubular structures. The subsequent phonon hardening under compressive loading is observed through strain‐induced Raman G band splitting, while distinct blueshifts of characteristic peaks (G+, G−, or 2D) can be well regulated on an asymmetric tubular structure with a strain variation. In addition, due to the strong confinement of the local electromagnetic field under 3D tubular geometry, the photon–phonon interaction is highly strengthened, and thus, the Raman scattering of graphene in rolled‐up tubes is enhanced. Such an on‐chip rolling approach leads to a superior strain tuning method in 2D materials and could improve their light–matter interaction in a tubular configuration, which may hold great capability in 2D materials integration for on‐chip applications such as in mechanics, electronics, and photonics.