bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of diet on renal stone formation
Authors: Ghoneim Solafa H , Alghaythee Hotoon , Alasmari Bashair , Safdar Osama Y 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
The incidence of kidney stones is increasing globally, with a preponderance in adults compared with that in adolescents and children. Dietary habits have been identified as significant contributing factors to kidney stone formation. This literature review aimed to explore the existing evidence on the impact of diet on renal stone formation.

Methods and Study Design:
We conducted a comprehensive literature review and included 81 studies published between 1999 and 2023, limiting the search to articles published in English. The extracted data were analyzed to identify common themes, trends, and patterns related to the impact of diet on renal stone formation. We investigated the influence of dietary habits on the risk of nephrolithiasis.

Results:
Although the role of fluid intake in relation to stone formation is clear, existing evidence on how different types of beverages (coffee, tea, fruit juices, and soft drinks) affect kidney stone formation is conflicting. Other factors such as protein, sodium chloride, calcium, oxalate, fat, and carbohydrate intake have also been discussed as contributors to nephrolithiasis. Thus, diet should be appropriately modified to reduce the risk of stone formation in susceptible individuals. A history of nephrolithiasis has been found to increase the risk of both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The review acknowledges the limitations inherent in conducting a literature review, including the potential for publication bias and the reliance on available published studies.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the importance of understanding and preventing nephrolithiasis.
A study of clinical profile and outcome of patients with snake bite-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Pushpalatha Avunoori , Itagi Afreen Begum H. , Vamshidhar Immadi S. , Rani S. S. Sabitha , Kalpana Medala , Vidya Ganji 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Snake bite is a well-known occupational hazard amongst farmers, plantation workers, and other outdoor workers and results in much morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The complications related to kidneys are observed in most patients with snake bites admitted to a hospital. The current study aimed to study the renal involvement in patients with snake bites with reference to clinical features and the time of onset of acute renal failure.

Methods:
A prospective clinical study of 68 patients of snake bite was done to know the clinical profile and outcome in Gandhi Hospital Secunderabad and cases were particularly looked for development of acute kidney injury. Later each case was studied and investigated with respect to onset, clinical features, course in the hospital, need for renal replacement therapy including dialysis, and mortality due to AKI. Patients were followed up till discharge or death. They were treated as per protocol.

Results:
The incidence of AKI was 29.1%. Common signs and symptoms were fang mark (100%), swelling (91.2%), tenderness (91.2%), bleeding manifestations (79.4%) oliguria (26.47%), anuria (5.8%), and haematuria (8.8%). Hypotension was present in 73%, which may be the cause of AKI. All the AKI patients showed coagulation abnormalities in the form of prolonged BT, CT, PT, and aPTT. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 29.4%. All the AKI patients were given ASV for 2 to 3 days. The mean ASV vials used in the present study is 15 ± 5. Hemodialysis was done in 29.4% of patients.

Conclusion:
The cause of AKI in snakebite was multifactorial in origin. Bleeding and hypotension were among the important causes. Thrombocytopenia was significantly related to clinical bleeding. The type of snakebite is an important factor in the development of AKI and Russell’s viper bite is more commonly associated with it. AKI is usually associated with oliguria and generally occurs within 48 hours.
Prevalence of dental caries, oral health status, malocclusion status, and dental treatment needs in thalassemic children: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahajan Ankit , Pawar Madhura , Tomer Geetika , Girish PV , Salama Mohamed Tharwat , Dupare Aditya Sudhakar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Thalassemia is a hemoglobinopathy-associated genetic disease resulting due to defective synthesis of globin chains, causing defects in the skeletal and oral structures.

Aim:
This cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the prevalence of dental caries, oral health status, malocclusion status, and dental treatment needs in thalassemic children.

Materials and Methods:
Institutional Ethical committee clearance was obtained before starting the study. The study sample comprised 100 thalassemic and 100 normal children in which oral disease markers like dmft/DMFT index, plaque index, gingival index, and Angle’s classification for malocclusion were used. The statistical tool used was ‘one-way ANOVA’ with the probability set at 0.05.

Results and Observations:
Statistically significant differences in prevalence of dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, and treatment needs were noted in thalassemic individuals when compared to normal subjects.

Conclusion:
The present study has given an insight into the various oral and dentomaxillofacial manifestations of thalassemia, thus considering the importance of routine oral examination for the prevention of dental caries and periodontal diseases.
To evaluate the effect of a structured training program about polycystic ovarian syndrome on the knowledge and perception of nursing students of a government nursing teaching institute in Northern India
Authors: Duhan Latika , Choudhary Rashmi , Dahiya Pushpa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The education levels of females have been found to aid in the early detection of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in mitigating the long-term consequences of PCOS. Nursing students are poised to become the next generation of healthcare professionals, equipped with valuable knowledge that can be utilized to increase awareness among their peers and patients, particularly about this critical subject matter.

Objective:
We conducted this study to assess the current level of knowledge and perception regarding PCOS among nursing students and to evaluate the impact of structured training interventions on their baseline knowledge and perception level.

Methods:
It was a single-group pre-post interventional study done on the nursing students of Govt. Nursing College. A pre-tested questionnaire was used as a study tool. Intervention in the form of a structured training program was imparted to the participants.

Results:
The pre-test group exhibited a lower mean knowledge score (M = 22.5758, SD = 11.02290) than the post-test group (M = 31.3889, SD = 14.50417). A significant difference was observed in the mean knowledge scores (t = −8.107070, P = 0.00001). The pre-test group exhibited a lower mean perception score (M = 35.3535, SD = 3.79637) than the post-test group (M = 36.6616, SD = 3.79576). There was a significant difference in the mean perception score (t = −5.883333, P = 0.00001).

Conclusions:
This study has shown the positive impact of relevant training on the knowledge and perception of nursing students about PCOS.
Prevalence of self-reported symptoms of reproductive tract infections and promoting an awareness of reproductive health among adolescent girls through education approach in Kumbakonam rural region of Tamil Nadu state
Authors: Balamurugan Padma Praba , Praveen Vijaiyalakshimi , Kolli Bhaskari 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Adolescent females in India particularly from rural areas indicate sparse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and are at risk of unfavourable sexual and reproductive health outcomes.

Objectives:
The study was primarily intended to assess the effect of structured interventional education on awareness and practices of school-going adolescent girls about sexual and reproductive health.

Methods:
This was an interventional study comprising of interactive strategies, namely peer-led approach, flipped learning, skit, scenario-based discussion and puppetry. The pre- and post-test was conducted among 1232 girls in selected schools at rural block in Kumbakonam rural region of Tamil Nadu State of India.

Results:
The participants reported statistically significant gain in knowledge, attitudes and practices about reproductive health due to educational intervention (P < 0.001). Nearly 50% of participants were aware about various contraceptive methods before intervention. The prevalence of self-reported symptoms of RTIs/STIs was 23.7%. Nearly more than half of participants were aware about various contraceptive methods.

Conclusions:
Peer-led education can be a potential health promotion strategy among adolescent population.
The challenges of frontline health managers during the COVID-19 pandemic in India: A framework analysis study
Authors: Kundapur Rashmi , Rashmi Anusha , Aggarwal Sumit , Panda Meely , Jena Subharanjan , Epari Venkatrao , Baidya Shubratho , Ramesh N.R. Masthi , Sahoo Jyoti Ranjan , Sabat Smaranita 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Coronavirus was first officially reported in Wuhan city of China in December 2019. As this novel coronavirus spread rapidly throughout the world, health care workers faced many difficulties addressing the pandemic. In the present study, we explored the challenges faced by front-line health managers on human resource management, execution of the central policies, and training and in formulating innovative approaches during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in India.

Methods:
A qualitative study was conducted using framework analysis among front-line health managers concerning COVID-19 management at the district level. We conducted 120 in-depth interviews among eight states with the use of an interview guide.

Results:
The results are described under five sections: ‘challenges of front-line managers in policymaking and its execution’, ‘human resource management’, ‘gaps in local execution of central policies’, ‘challenges in training workforce and data management’, and ‘innovative approaches adopted during COVID 19’.

Conclusions:
We observed that a centre-down approach was not appreciated much. Many participants felt that there was a need to understand the local context and appropriate amendment. The private system is a part of the Indian health system and can never be ignored; thus, all guidelines should include the private system.
Relationship between proxy behavior in clinic attendance and disease control among persons with hypertension and diabetes at a rural primary health center: A cohort analysis in South India
Authors: Narendiran Viswanath , Ramasamy Nishaant , Sarkar Sonali 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:
Among persons with hypertension and diabetes on treatment for at least 1 year at the Rural Health Centre (RHC) noncommunicable disease (NCD) clinic, 1. To determine the control status for hypertension and diabetes. 2. To assess the relationship between proxy behavior for collection of medications and the control status.

Settings and Design:
Rural Health Centre, Ramanathapuram, Puducherry, India; record-based retrospective observational study.

Methods and Material:
The study employed a universal sampling of 396 eligible persons with diabetes and hypertension who had been on medication for over a year at the RHC NCD clinic and had recorded blood pressure and glucose values within the last 4 months. Case sheets of these patients were retrieved from the Medical Registration Department, and data from the past 12 months were collected and analyzed to assess proxy behaviors and absenteeism.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data were entered from the case sheets in Epicollect5 and analyzed using Stata v17.

Results:
Among hypertensive patients, 48.01% were aged 60 and above, with 55.63% being female. Fifty-six percent of hypertensive patients had their condition controlled. For diabetic patients, 40.88% were aged 45–59 years, with 59.75% being female. Only 18.24% of diabetic patients had their condition controlled. The multivariable analysis examined factors associated with the control status of hypertension and diabetes. Those aged 30–44 (aRR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.01–2.15) and 45–59 (aRR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.82) had a higher risk of uncontrolled hypertension compared to those aged 60 and above. Gender did not show significant associations with hypertension control status. Regarding attendance status, patients who had both proxy and missed visits (RR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.02–2.07) had a higher risk of uncontrolled hypertension. There was also a significant association with patients having more than three proxies (aRR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.10–2.17) exhibiting a higher risk of uncontrolled hypertension. Absenteeism status showed that those absent for 1–3 visits had a higher relative risk (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03–1.82) of uncontrolled hypertension compared to those with no absenteeism.

Conclusion:
Proxy behavior affects the control status of persons with hypertension and diabetes. A longitudinal study is warranted to assess the relationship between proxy visits and control status.
Risk Prediction of high blood glucose among women (15–49 years) and men (15–54 years) in India: An analysis from National Family Health Survey-5 (2019–21)
Authors: Karri Anjan Kumar , Guthi Visweswara Rao , Githa P Sri Sai 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Approximately 500 million individuals worldwide are known to have diabetes, representing roughly 1 out of every 11 adults in the world. Approximately 45.8% of adult diabetes cases are believed to be undiagnosed.

Aim:
This study aimed to identify the predictors for high blood glucose and to develop a risk score which helps in early detection of high blood glucose among Indian men (15–54 years) and women (15–49 years).

Methods and Material:
This study utilised data from the National Family Health Survey-5, which were gathered between 2019 and 2021. The study population comprises women aged 15–49 years and men aged 15–54 years in India.

Statistical Analysis Used:
A logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictors of high blood glucose. The results were expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The risk score for high blood glucose was derived through variable shrinking and by employing regression coefficients obtained from the standard logistic regression model. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 26.

Results:
The prevalence of high blood glucose in India was 9.3%. The study findings indicated an association between age and the occurrence of high blood glucose levels. The prevalence of high blood glucose was higher among males (11.1% vs 7.5%), individuals living in urban areas (10.7% vs 8.9%), those with a waist circumference exceeding the specified limit (11.7% vs 5.9%), and individuals who were overweight or obese (11.3%). The prevalence of high blood glucose was higher among alcoholics (13.2% vs 8.8%) and various forms of tobacco users (12.1% vs 8.4%).

Conclusions:
Age, sex, place of residence (urban), consumption of alcohol, hypertension, and waist circumference were found to be the significant predictor variables and were used to develop the risk prediction score using the logistic regression model.
Association between QTc and Poincare plot in polycystic ovary syndrome in young adolescents: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Velusami Deepika , Krishnamurthy Soundariya , Abiharini Subramoniam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
PCOS is one of the most neglected noncommunicable diseases, and early detection would be of great value to primary care physicians. Sympathovagal imbalance detected using heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to detect early autonomic changes if any.

Aim:
The present study aimed to evaluate QTc and Poincare plot (nonlinear analysis of HRV) in young adolescent PCOS patients.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional study involving 25 PCOS and 25 healthy individuals of age group 12–18 years. HRV was evaluated using the lead II ECG for 10 min from which QTc was calculated manually using the Bazett formula. Student’s t-test was used to assess differences between means. A P value < 0.05 was taken for statistical significance. The association between QTc and Poincare plot descriptors was assessed by Pearson’s correlation analysis.

Results:
HRV linear analysis domain represented as the LF/HF ratio was reported to significantly increased among the PCOS group (P = 0.04). Similarly, the nonlinear analysis of HRV by Poincare plot reported a significant decrease in SD1 (P = 0.04) and SD2 (P = 0.02). The heart rate was significantly increased among the PCOS group (P < 0.001). QTc did not show any significant increase among the PCOS group (P = 0.09). QTc was reported to be positively correlated with SD1 (r = 0.37, P < 0.01), SD2 (r-0.33, P = 0.02), LF HF ratio (r = 0.52, P < 0.001), and BMI (r = 0.92, P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion:
The study suggests that HRV nonlinear analysis can be used as a simple noninvasive tool to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic changes.
Immediate dental implant placement with and without Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in esthetic zone: A comparative study
Authors: Iram Jan , Ajaz Shah , Hussain Sheikh Shujah , Irshad Ahmed , Shahid Hassan , Jahangir Irfan 
Published: November 2024

Context:
Biomaterials such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have shown to improve healing and osseointegration.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate and compare immediate implants placed with and without PRF.

Settings and Design:
This prospective and comparative study was conducted among 30 patients in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Govt. Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty subjects were randomly divided into two groups: group A or PRF group and group B or non-PRF group with fifteen patients in each group. Clinical parameters such as implant mobility and bleeding on probing were recorded. The radiographic parameters such as bone density in Hounsfield units (HU) and marginal bone loss (mm) were measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Statistical Analysis Used:
For intergroup analysis of data, Student’s independent t-test and Chi-square test were employed. The paired t-test and McNemar test were applied for intragroup analysis of data.

Results:
No significant difference in the mean marginal bone level scores between PRF group and non-PRF group (intergroup) at baseline and at 3 months was observed. A Statistically significant difference was observed in the mean bone density (HU) in the PRF group (intragroup) between baseline and 3 months and also in bleeding on probing between baseline and 6 months in the PRF group (intragroup).

Conclusions:
The results highlighted the promising but transitory effects of (PRF) membrane in immediate implants and showed an improvement in peri-implant bone density, which improves implant stability and subsequent long implant survival and prognosis.
Association of self-reported bruxism and academic performance in Jazan University dental students: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bakri Mohammed M. , Aljabri Mohammed Y. , Hezam Asma Ali Ali , Abiri Zahra A. , Mubaraky Laila M. , Alhamidhi Asma A. , Alfaifi Asma , Abuillah Mohammed Jabril 
Published: November 2024

Aims:
The purpose of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to investigate the association between self-reported bruxism and academic performance among dental students at Jazan University.

Material and Methods:
One hundred sixty-eight students (73 males and 95 females) were evaluated in this study, between the age groups of 18 years and above. Self-reported bruxism was measured by utilizing a customized questionnaire. Academic performance was analyzed using participants’ grade point average (GPA) for the year. Independent t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized to find the association between the self-reported bruxism and the covariate-adjusted analysis (CI 95%). The Spearmen correlation coefficient was utilized to find the correlation between the variables.

Results:
The reported prevalence of self-reported bruxism was 66.25% between both genders. Males (mean = 36.86) have lower bruxism scores compared to females (mean = 42.14), suggesting a potential gender-based difference in bruxism severity. A moderate positive correlation is observed between self-reported stress levels and bruxism scores (r = 0.268**, P < 0.01), indicating that as stress levels increase, there is a tendency for bruxism scores to also increase. A weak negative correlation is observed between academic performance and bruxism scores (r = -0.034, P > 0.05), suggesting a minimal association between academic performance and bruxism severity. However, bruxism score was higher among females with higher GPA.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated a weak negative association between self-reported bruxism and academic performance. It was noteworthy that females with higher GPA and low socioeconomic status had higher bruxism scores compared to males.
Conventional chemoradiation versus accelerated chemoradiation: A prospective study in oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Singh Sharad , Singh Gaurav 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck is predominantly a loco regional disease, and the primary treatment methods are surgery and radiotherapy. For patients with locally-regionally advanced oropharyngeal cancer, concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment.

Material and Method:
The aim and objectives of study were a) to compare locoregional response in two arms, b) to compare acute and chronic treatment-related toxicities in the two arms, and c) to compare the quality of life. The study was conducted between August 2014 and April 2016, with 86 patients of histologically proven squamous-cell carcinoma of oropharynx. This is a prospective trial to assess the suitability of five versus six weekly radiotherapy fractions, along with concurrent cisplatin, given to the same total dose, in all stages of oropharyngeal cancer patients.

Result:
Patients were randomized into two arms: conventional arm (Arm A), which received 5 fractions per week RT -70GY/7 weeks/35#, and accelerated arm (Arm B), which received 6 fractions per week RT -70GY/6 weeks/35. Locoregional squamous-cell carcinoma improved significantly in the accelerated fractionation group compared with that in the conventional RT group.

Conclusion:
Accelerated RT enhances improvement of locoregional control in the squamous-cell carcinoma of head and neck region, with reduction in overall treatment time and concurrent chemotherapy. Locoregional control of carcinoma improved significantly in the accelerated fractionation group compared with that in the conventional RT group.