bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic gene silencing identified Cryptosporidium nucleoside diphosphate kinase and other molecules as targets for suppression of parasite proliferation in human intestinal cells
Authors: Castellanos-Gonzalez A. , Martinez-Traverso G. , Fishbeck K. , Nava S. , White A. C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCryptosporidiosis is a major cause of diarrheal disease. The only drug approved for cryptosporidiosis has limited efficacy in high-risk populations. Therefore novel drugs are urgently needed. We have identified several enzymes as potential targets for drug development and we have optimized a rapid method to silence genes in Cryptosporidium. In this study, we knocked down expression of the four selected genes: Actin (Act), Apicomplexan DNA-binding protein (Ap2), Rhomboid protein 1 (Rom 1), and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDK). After gene silencing, we evaluated the role of each target on parasite development using in vitro models of excystation, invasion, proliferation, and egress. We showed that silencing of Act, Ap2, NDK, and Rom1 reduced invasion, proliferation, and egress of Cryptosporidium. However, silencing of NDK markedly inhibited Cryptosporidium proliferation (~70%). We used an infection model to evaluate the anticryptosporidial activity of ellagic acid (EA), an NDK inhibitor. We showed that EA (EC50 = 15–30 µM) reduced parasite burden without showing human cell toxicity. Here, we demonstrated the usefulness of a rapid silencing method to identify novel targets for drug development. Because EA is a dietary supplement already approved for human use, this compound should be studied as a potential treatment for cryptosporidiosis.
Survival of outbreak, food, and environmental strains of Listeria monocytogenes on whole apples as affected by cultivar and wax coating
Authors: Macarisin Dumitru , Sheth Ishani , Hur Minji , Wooten Anna , Kwon Hee Jin , Gao Zhujun , De Jesus Antonio , Jurick Wayne , Chen Yi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe 2014–2015 U.S. nationwide outbreak of listeriosis linked to apples used in commercially produced, prepackaged caramel apples was the first implication of whole apples in outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. Two case patients of this outbreak didn’t consume caramel apples but did eat whole apples, suggesting that contaminated whole apple may serve as a vehicle for foodborne listeriosis. The current study evaluated the effect of conventional fruit coating with wax and that of apple cultivar on the survival of outbreak-associated and non-outbreak Listeria monocytogenes strains on Red Delicious, Granny Smith and Fuji apples during 160 days under simulated commercial storage. L. monocytogenes survived in calyxes and stem ends of apples of all 3 cultivars through the duration of the experiment. After 2 months of storage, significantly (p < 0.05) larger L. monocytogenes populations were recovered from apples coated with wax than those un-waxed, regardless of the cultivar. No differences in survival amongst L. monocytogenes strains (serotypes 1/2a and 4b) from clinical, food, and environmental sources were observed. The observation that coating with wax facilitates prolonged survival of L. monocytogenes on whole apples is novel and reveals gaps in understanding of microbiological risks associated with postharvest practices of tree fruit production.
The FLT3-ITD mutation and the expression of its downstream signaling intermediates STAT5 and Pim-1 are positively correlated with CXCR4 expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cao Tingyong , Jiang Nenggang , Liao Hongyan , Shuai Xiao , Su Jun , Zheng Qin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChemokine ligand 12(CXCL12) mediates signaling through chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4), which is essential for the homing and maintenance of Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. FLT3-ITD mutations enhance cell migration toward CXCL12, providing a drug resistance mechanism underlying the poor effects of FLT3-ITD antagonists. However, the mechanism by which FLT3-ITD mutations regulate the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis remains unclear. We analyzed the relationship between CXCR4 expression and the FLT3-ITD mutation in 466 patients with de novo AML to clarify the effect of FLT3-ITD mutations on CXCR4 expression in patients with AML. Our results indicated a positive correlation between the FLT3-ITD mutant-type allelic ratio (FLT3-ITD MR) and the relative fluorescence intensity (RFI) of CXCR4 expression in patients with AML (r = 0.588, P ≤ 0.0001). Moreover, the levels of phospho(p)-STAT5, Pim-1 and CXCR4 proteins were positively correlated with the FLT3-ITD MR, and the mRNA levels of CXCR4 and Pim-1 which has been revealed as one of the first known target genes of STAT5, were upregulated with an increasing FLT3-ITD MR(P < 0.05). Therefore, FLT3-ITD mutations upregulate the expression of CXCR4 in patients with AML, and the downstream signaling intermediates STAT5 and Pim-1 are also involved in this phenomenon and subsequently contribute to chemotherapy resistance and disease relapse in patients with AML. However, the mechanism must be confirmed in further experiments. The combination of CXCR4 antagonists and FLT3 inhibitors may improve the sensitivity of AML cells to chemotherapy and overcome drug resistance.
Brain structure links trait conscientiousness to academic performance
Authors: Wang Song , Zhao Yajun , Li Jingguang , Wang Xu , Luo Kui , Gong Qiyong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the long history of identifying factors to predict academic performance, conscientiousness, a so-called ‘big five’ personality trait describing self-regulation and goal-directed behavior, has emerged as a stable predictor for this purpose. However, the neuroanatomical substrates of trait conscientiousness and the underlying brain mechanism linking trait conscientiousness and academic performance are still largely unknown. Here, we examined these issues in 148 high school students within the same grade by estimating cortical gray matter volume (GMV) utilizing a voxel-based morphometry method based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. A whole-brain regression analysis showed that trait conscientiousness was positively associated with the GMV in the bilateral superior parietal lobe (SPL) and was negatively associated with the GMV in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that trait conscientiousness mediated the influences of the SPL and MFG volume on academic performance. Importantly, our results persisted even when we adjusted for general intelligence, family socioeconomic status and ‘big five’ personality traits other than conscientiousness. Altogether, our study suggests that the GMV in the frontoparietal network is a neurostructural marker of adolescents’ conscientiousness and reveals a potential brain-personality-achievement pathway for predicting academic performance in which gray matter structures affect academic performance through trait conscientiousness.
Percent Grammatical Utterances Between 4 and 9 Years of Age for the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument: Reference Data and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Guo Ling-Yu , Eisenberg Sarita , Schneider Phyllis , Spencer Linda 
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this article was to provide the reference data and evaluate psychometric properties for the percent grammatical utterances (PGU;
Eisenberg & Guo, 2013
) in children between 4 and 9 years of age from the database of the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI;
Schneider, Dubé, & Hayward, 2005
).

Method
Participants were 377 children who were between 4 and 9 years of age, including 300 children with typical language (TL) and 77 children with language impairment (LI). Narrative samples were collected using the ENNI protocol (i.e., a story generation task). PGU was computed from the samples. Split-half reliability, concurrent criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy for PGU were further evaluated.

Results

PGU increased significantly in children between 4 and 9 years of age in both the TL and LI groups. In addition, the correlation coefficients for the split-half reliability and concurrent criterion validity of PGU were all large (
r
s ≥ .557,
p
s < .001). The diagnostic accuracy of PGU was also good or acceptable from ages 4 to 9 years.

Conclusions
With the attested psychometric properties, PGU computed from the ENNI could be used as an assessment tool for identifying children with LI between 4 and 9 years of age. The reference data of PGU could also be used for monitoring treatment progress.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9630590
Synthesis and characterisation properties of the Sb–SnO2–SiO2 composite powder with the correlation analysis of resistivity and dispersion
Authors: Tang Jiawei , Liu Zong , Zhang Chunhui , Meng Xiaofei , Li Suoyang , Pan Yi , Wu Xiaoyu , Yan Zheng , Hao Xinghua , Zhuang Honglei 
Published: August 2019

Multi‐group orthogonal experiments cooperating MATLAB stimulation were employed to synthesise antimony‐doped tin oxide (ATO) (Sb–SnO2)‐doped silica (ATO/SiO2) composite powder with high conductivity and dispersivity analysis. Results suggested that the resistivity ranged from 3.9 to 300 Ω cm while the nano‐silica doping amount ranged from 0 to 1.5% (mass ratio) under the best parameters of Sb‐doped content of 9.5 mol%, 3 precursor wash times, calcination temperature of 750°C, gelling reaction temperature of 45°C and calcination time of 2 h. Both the ATO and ATO/SiO2 particles were characterised by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope studies to prove that the addition of silica could not only increase the specific surface area and resistivity of particles, but also reduce the agglomeration of particles. The relationship between conductivity and dispersion of composite powder (Sb–SnO2 −SiO2) dominated by different nano‐silica content could be simulated by the ‘logistic function model’, which has important guiding significance for the preparation of composite powders with prominent characteristics.
Herausforderungen in der primären Hüftendoprothetik
Authors: Staats Kevin , Kubista Bernd , Windhager Reinhard 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungBei der Implantation einer Hüfttotalendoprothese sollten definierte und standardisierte Prinzipien verfolgt werden. Wenn besondere präoperative Voraussetzungen bestehen, müssen weitere Faktoren in die Operationsplanung miteinbezogen werden, um das Risiko für Komplikationen zu minimieren. Dieser Artikel liefert einen Überblick über Herausforderungen in der primären Hüftendoprothetik und zeigt bewährte Möglichkeiten, wie Probleme gelöst werden können.
Magnetresonanztomographie des Gehirns bei einem Hund mit
nachgewiesenem Morbus Aujeszky
Authors: Engelhardt Stephan , Schneider Stefan , Buder Astrid , Aupperle-Lellbach Heike , Pfeil Ingo 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungBeschrieben wird die MRT-Untersuchung bei einem Hund mit nachgewiesener Infektion
durch Schweine-Herpesvirus 1 vor dem Hintergrund der durchgeführten
histopathologischen Untersuchung. Eine 5 Jahre alte, jagdlich geführte
Jagdterrierhündin zeigte 7 Tage nach Wildschweinkontakt starken Juckreiz und
Fieber. Zwei Tage nach Auftreten der ersten Krankheitssymptome wurde der Hund
mit Krampfanfällen und Hyperthermie vorgestellt. Magnetresonanztomographisch
zeigten sich in den T2-gewichteten Sequenzen hyperintense Veränderungen im
Bereich des Okzipital-, Temporal- und Parietallappens. In den nach
Kontrastmittelgabe angefertigten Sequenzen konnte eine
Kontrastmittelanreicherung im Bereich der Medulla oblongata sowie der Pachy- und
Leptomeningen im Bereich des Okzipitallappens und Kleinhirns nachgewiesen
werden. Die Hündin wurde aufgrund des sich akut weiter verschlechternden
Zustands euthanasiert. Histopathologisch fanden sich eine multifokale gering-
bis mittelgradige gemischtzellige Vaskulitis und Satellitose im Bereich von
Stammhirn und Pons mit immunhistologischem Nachweis von SHV-1-Antigen in
Neuronen und Gliazellen. In molekularbiologischen Untersuchungen des
Trigeminusganglions sowie der Medulla oblongata war SHV-1-spezifische DNA
nachweisbar. Die MRT-Läsionen weisen deutliche Unterschiede zu den in der
Literatur bei Frühsommer-Meningoenzephalitis oder der paralytischen Verlaufsform
der Tollwut beschriebenen Veränderungen auf. Demgegenüber scheinen Ähnlichkeiten
zu den bei Staupe und der enzephalitischen Verlaufsform der Tollwut
beschriebenen Veränderungen zu bestehen.
Herd health monitoring in dairy farms – discover metabolic
diseases. An overview
Authors: Gruber Simone , Mansfeld Rolf 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe transition period, 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after calving, is inevitably
accompanied by a negative energy balance, which sometimes causes metabolic
disturbances, such as ketosis. Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is defined as an
increase in the β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration to ≥ 1.2 mmol/l in the
blood. According to a recent study, a value of ≥ 0.7 mmol/l of non-esterified
fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood indicates the potential development of the poor
metabolic adaption syndrome (PMAS). With a herd prevalence of 21 %, and an
incidence of approximately 40 % within the first 2 weeks after calving, SCK is a
relevant herd health problem. The milk yield decreases in the first 2 weeks
postpartum by 3–5.3 kg/d for each ketotic cow, and the total milk reduction
through the whole lactation period of 305 days averages 112 kg (SD 89 kg).
Although the cow does not display any clinical signs of ketosis at this stage,
the risk of developing associated production diseases like retained placenta,
metritis, displaced abomasum, lameness and clinical ketosis increases and the
expected performance in terms of milk production will decrease. The herd health
status deteriorates and the risk for early culling increases. Another impact
factor is the financial aspect, which includes costs for early death, reduced
milk production, reproduction losses, and associated production diseases. In the
literature, the calculated costs per SCK case vary between $ 78 and $ 289. The
gold standard diagnostic test for SCK is the photometric measurement of BHB in
blood. This method is accurate, but results are delayed due to the required
laboratory analysis. There are also some rapid cow-side tests, i. e. urine or
milk strip tests available to identify ketotic cows. The common disadvantage of
these methods is that they are not suitable for herd health monitoring because
of the need to collect samples from each cow manually and the high rates of
false negative results. However, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is
suitable for herd health monitoring. It is already being used for the analysis
of milk composition. This inexpensive, rapid and simple technique has a
specificity of 83.8 % and a sensitivity of 82.4 %. Therefore, FTIR is an early
and easy method for detecting ketotic cows, that could help reduce financial and
performance losses associated with ketosis.
Ketamine in the Treatment of Depressive Episodes
Authors: Ritter Philipp , Findeis Hannelore , Bauer Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe treatment of depressive episodes remains complicated by the long latency of
antidepressant efficacy, insufficient response, and high risk of suicide.
Ketamine and esketamine have been proposed as fast-acting substances able to
overcome these impediments.Since the first randomized controlled trial in the year 2000, numerous studies
have explored the antidepressant efficacy of ketamine and esketamine. Clear
evidence has emerged that a single infusion exerts a significant antidepressant
and antisuicidal effect in both unipolar and bipolar depression. A few studies
suggest that antidepressant response can be improved and maintained by repeated
administration. Although intravenous application has been most common,
subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intranasal application has also been
successful. There is some evidence that ketamine may accelerate the response to
electroconvulsive therapy without improving the overall response rate.The precise position of ketamine and esketamine within treatment algorithms have
yet to be defined, and issues surrounding potential toxicity need to be
resolved.
Missed Opportunities for Early Diabetes Screening in Pregnancy
Authors: Battarbee Ashley N. , Cavallini Maximiliano , Keller Catherine , Boggess Kim A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to identify characteristics of women at risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that fail to receive early pregnancy screening.
Study Design This was a retrospective case–control study of at-risk women who initiated care at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill at <21 weeks from January 2015 to December 2015. In 2013, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Diabetes Association recommended women with prior GDM, glucose intolerance, or body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 receive early pregnancy screening for undiagnosed T2DM. We defined early screening as 1-hour 50-g glucose challenge test or hemoglobin A1c at <21 weeks' gestation. Cases were women who did not have early screening, and controls were women who did. Modified Poisson regression with robust error variance estimated relative risks of factors associated with missed early screening.
Results Of the 1,932 women who initiated care at <21 weeks, 257 (13%) women were at risk of undiagnosed T2DM and, thus, candidates for early screening. However, 129 (50.2%) women were not screened. Higher BMI and prior GDM were associated with a lower relative risk of missed screening.
Conclusion Higher BMI and prior GDM increased the likelihood of early diabetes screening, but only half of at-risk women were screened. Provider education and best practice alert systems are needed to increase screening for undiagnosed T2DM.
Thrombogenicity and Antithrombotic Strategies in Structural Heart Interventions and Nonaortic Cardiac Device Therapy—Current Evidence and Practice
Authors: Geisler Tobias , Jorbenadze Rezo , Popov Aron-Frederik , Mueller Karin L. , Rath Dominik , Droppa Michal , Schreieck Juergen , Seizer Peter , Storey Robert F. , Kristensen Steen D. , Rubboli Andrea , Gorog Diana , Aradi Daniel , Sibbing Dirk , Huber Kurt , Gawaz Meinrad , Ten Berg Jur 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs the number of, and the indications for, structural heart interventions are increasing worldwide, the optimal secondary prevention to reduce device thrombosis is becoming more important. To date, most of the recommendations are empiric. The current review discusses mechanisms behind device-related thrombosis, the available evidence with regard to antithrombotic regimen after cardiac device implantation, as well as providing an algorithm for identification of risk factors for device thrombogenicity and for management of device thrombosis after implantation of patent foramen ovale and left atrial appendage occluders, MitraClips/transcatheter mitral valve replacement, pacemaker leads, and left ventricular assist devices. Of note, the topic of antithrombotic therapy and thrombogenicity of prostheses in aortic position (transcatheter aortic valve replacement, surgical, mechanical, and bioprostheses) is not part of the present article and is discussed in detail in other contemporary focused articles.
Identification of the expressome by machine learning on omics data
Authors: Sartor Ryan C. , Noshay Jaclyn , Springer Nathan M. , Briggs Steven P. 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Our new method uses only epigenomic patterns to classify the expression potential of annotated genes and identifies pseudogenes that are difficult to classify based solely on sequence. Genes were divided into those with protein expression, those with mRNA expression, and those that are silent. A large fraction of annotated genes are constitutively silent in one lineage but can be transcribed in others. We refer to the species-wide set of transcribed genes as the expressome and show that it is much larger than the expressible gene set in any individual. Additionally, we find that DNA methylation patterns within the gene body can differentiate between genes that express proteins and genes that express only RNAs.
Large-effect flowering time mutations reveal conditionally adaptive paths through fitness landscapes inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Taylor Mark A. , Wilczek Amity M. , Roe Judith L. , Welch Stephen M. , Runcie Daniel E. , Cooper Martha D. , Schmitt Johanna 
Published: August 2019

SignificanceMutations are often assumed to be largely detrimental to fitness, but they may also be beneficial, and mutations with large phenotypic effects can persist in nature. One explanation for these observations is that mutations may be beneficial in specific environments because these conditions shift trait expression toward higher fitness. This hypothesis is rarely tested due to the difficulty of replicating mutants in multiple natural environments and measuring their phenotypes. We did so by plantingArabidopsis thalianagenotypes with large-effect flowering time mutations in field sites across the species’ European climate range. We quantified the adaptive value of mutant traits, finding that certain mutations increased fitness in some environments but not in others.
Topological phases and pumps in the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model periodically modulated in time
Authors: Lü Xiao-Long , Xie Hang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
By the Floquet theory, we transform the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model with the periodically modulated nearest-neighbor (NN) and next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions into an effective 2D model, which holds the total Chern number of  ±1 modulated by the parameter θ. Under a staggered electric potential, the topological phase diagrams of the effective 2D model are reshaped and similar to the well-known Haldane model. While under a staggered Zeeman field, the topological phase diagram has the same shape as the former case, but with different Chern numbers, such as the spin and valley Chern numbers. With the combination of the staggered Zeeman field and the electric field, the effective 2D model holds even richer topological phases. At last, we find some types of topological pump, which can generate the time-averaged current without any bias voltage. The current depends on their different Chern numbers. In other words, we can modulate the parameters to obtain various Chern numbers to control the topological pump.