bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of a Phase‐Change Material in Nanocapsules with a Well‐Defined Hole in the Wall for the Controlled Release of Drugs
Authors: Qiu Jichuan , Huo Da , Xue Jiajia , Zhu Guanghui , Liu Hong , Xia Younan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs a class of biocompatible and biodegradable phase‐change materials, natural fatty acids have received considerable interest in recent years for temperature‐controlled release of drugs. However, the poor dispersibility and colloidal stability of their nanoparticles under physiological conditions place a major limitation on their applications in biomedicine. Herein, we report a facile method for encapsulating a mixture of two natural fatty acids (with a eutectic melting point at 39 °C) in a biocompatible, silica‐based nanocapsule to achieve both stable dispersion and controllable release of drugs. The nanocapsules have a well‐defined hole in the wall to ensure easy loading of fatty acids, together with multiple types of functional components such as therapeutics and near‐infrared dyes. The payloads can be released through the hole when the fatty acids are melted upon photothermal heating. The release profile can be controlled by varying the size of the hole and/or the duration of laser irradiation.
Site‐Selective Occupancy of Eu2+Toward Blue‐Light‐Excited Red Emission in a Rb3YSi2O7:Eu Phosphor
Authors: Qiao Jianwei , Ning Lixin , Molokeev Maxim S. , Chuang Yu‐Chun , Zhang Qinyuan , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEstablishing an effective design principle in solid‐state materials for a blue‐light‐excited Eu2+‐doped red‐emitting oxide‐based phosphors remains one of the significant challenges for white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). Selective occupation of Eu2+in inorganic polyhedra with small coordination numbers results in broad‐band red emission as a result of enhanced crystal‐field splitting of 5d levels. Rb3YSi2O7:Eu exhibits a broad emission band atλmax=622 nm under 450 nm excitation, and structural analysis and DFT calculations support the concept that Eu2+ions preferably occupy RbO6and YO6polyhedra and show the characteristic red emission band of Eu2+. The excellent thermal quenching resistance, high color‐rendering index Ra(93), and low CCT (4013 K) of the WLEDs clearly demonstrate that site engineering of rare‐earth phosphors is an effective strategy to target tailored optical performance.
The Ultrafast Assembly of a Dipeptide Supramolecular Organogel and its Phase Transition from Gel to Crystal
Authors: Yuan Tingting , Xu Youqian , Fei Jinbo , Xue Huimin , Li Xianbao , Wang Chenlei , Fytas George , Li Junbai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA gel‐to‐crystal phase transition of a dipeptide supramolecular assembly mediates active water transportation in oils. The addition of water into ultrafast‐assembling dipeptide organogels can induce a lamellar‐to‐hexagonal structural transformation of dipeptide molecular arrangement. Consequently, a phase transition from gel to crystal occurs and in turn water is transported in the dipeptide crystal via well‐defined channels. On a macroscopic scale, water transport in the bulk system exhibits an anisotropic characteristic, which can be tuned by the presence of ions in the Hofmeister series. These favorable features enable the automatic separation of dispersed nanoparticles from dissolved electrolytes in aqueous solution. These findings demonstrate the potential of this assembled system for active filtration without external pressure.
Value of Carotid Ultrasound in Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Patients With Psoriatic Disease
Authors: Sobchak Curtis , Akhtari Shadi , Harvey Paula , Gladman Dafna , Chandran Vinod , Cook Richard , Eder Lihi 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess whether subclinical atherosclerosis, as evaluated by carotid ultrasound, could predict incident cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with psoriatic disease (PsD) and determine whether incorporation of imaging data could improve CV risk prediction by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS).MethodsIn this cohort analysis, patients with PsD underwent ultrasound assessment of the carotid arteries at baseline. The extent of atherosclerosis was assessed using carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) and total plaque area (TPA). Incident CVEs (new or recurrent) that occurred following the ultrasound assessment were identified. The association between measures of carotid atherosclerosis and the risk of developing an incident CVE was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for the FRS.ResultsIn total, 559 patients with PsD were assessed, of whom 23 had incident CVEs ascertained. The calculated rate of developing a first CVE during the study period was 1.11 events per 100 patient‐years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.74–1.67). When analyzed separately in Cox proportional hazards models that were controlled for the FRS, the TPA (hazard ratio [HR] 3.74, 95% CI 1.55–8.85; P = 0.003), mean CIMT (HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03–1.42; P = 0.02), maximal CIMT (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.22; P = 0.03), and high TPA category (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.18–8.95; P = 0.02) were each predictive of incident CVEs in patients with PsD.ConclusionThe burden of carotid atherosclerosis is associated with an increased risk of developing future CVEs. Combining vascular imaging data with information on traditional CV risk factors could improve the accuracy of CV risk stratification in patients with PsD.
Etiologies, trends, and predictors of readmission in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Tripathi Byomesh , Yeh Robert W. , Bavishi Chirag P. , Sardar Partha , Atti Varunsiri , Mukherjee Debabrata , Bashir Riyaz , Abbott Jinnette Dawn , Giri Jay , Chatterjee Saurav 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent trials have shown benefits with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on nonculprit coronary vessels in select ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). However, readmission rates and causes in this high‐risk group are unknown. Objective of this study is to explore pattern, causes and factors associated with 30‐day readmission after multivessel PCI in STEMI patients.Methods and ResultsNationwide Readmissions Data (NRD) between 2010 and 2014 was utilized to identify multivessel PCI cases in STEMI patients using appropriate ICD‐9 codes. We evaluated 30‐day readmission rate and factors associated with 30‐day readmission. Hierarchical logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with 30‐day readmission. Among 22,257 STEMI patients who survived to discharge after multivessel PCI, 2,302 (10.3%) were readmitted within 30‐days. Subsequent unresolved/aggravated cardiac issues most commonly triggered readmission (62.66%). Among cardiac causes, heart failure and ischemic heart disease were most frequent etiologies. Advancing age (OR: 1.073, 95%CI: 1.026 to 1.122, p = .002), female sex (OR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.23 to 1.50, p < .001), comorbid conditions like chronic kidney disease (CKD; OR: 1.35, 95%CI: 1.17 to 1.57, p = .001), congestive heart failure (CHF; OR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.24 to 1.57, p = .04), anemia (OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.002 to 1.34, p = .04), and utilization of a mechanical circulatory support (MCS) device (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.19 to 1.77, p < .001) during the index procedure were predictive of subsequent readmission within 30 days.ConclusionIn this large nationally representative study, nearly one in 10 patients were readmitted within 30 days from discharge after index admission for multivessel PCI in STEMI, most commonly for cardiac causes.
Surgical treatment of Killian‐Jamieson diverticulum: A case report and literature review
Authors: Jeismann Vagner Birk , Bianchi Edno Tales , Szachnowicz Sérgio , Seguro Francisco Carlos Bernal da Costa , Tustumi Francisco , Duarte Andre Fonseca , Sallum Rubens Antonio Aissar , Cecconello Ivan 
Published: June 2019

Key Clinical MessageThis study describes a patient with symptomatic Killian‐Jamieson, a rare entity, successfully treated by cervical approach with diverticulum resection and esophagomyotomy.
Synthesis of Ag/AgBr/Bi4O5Br2 Plasmonic Heterojunction Photocatalysts: Elevated Visible‐light Photocatalytic Performance and Z‐scheme Mechanism
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Han Mengshu , Dai Yuxuan , Yang Shaogui , Mao Danjun , He Huan , Sun Cheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe novel photocatalysts of Ag/AgBr/Bi4O5Br2 layered microspheres (AAB‐LMs) were firstly constructed via the in‐situ deposition and visible‐light photoreduction approach. Their compositions, structures, morphologies and optical properties were characterized by various techniques. The photocatalytic efficiencies of AAB‐LMs‐10 were 28 and 3.4 times higher than those of Bi4O5Br2‐LMs towards degrading acid orange II and aniline, respectively. The superior photocatalytic behavior of AAB‐LMs benefited from efficient separation and transfer of photo‐generated charges, which was mainly credited to the surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag nanoparticles and the synthetic interaction among Ag, AgBr and Bi4O5Br2. O2− and h+ were characterized as the predominant photoactive species in this AAB‐LMs‐photocatalysis system. Moreover, due to the presence of radical species Br0, which was verified by the detection of bromoaniline and dibromoaniline during the photocatalytic degradation process of aniline, Z‐scheme mechanism rather than the conventional heterojunction mode was more suitable to explain the enhanced photocatalytic performance of AAB‐LMs.
Engineering a Seven Enzyme Biotransformation using Mathematical Modelling and Characterized Enzyme Parts
Authors: Finnigan William , Cutlan Rhys , Snajdrova Radka , Adams Joseph P. , Littlechild Jennifer A. , Harmer Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMulti‐step enzyme reactions offer considerable cost and productivity benefits. Process models offer a route to understanding the complexity of these reactions, and allow for their optimization. Despite the increasing prevalence of multi‐step biotransformations, there are few examples of process models for enzyme reactions. From a toolbox of characterized enzyme parts, we demonstrate the construction of a process model for a seven enzyme, three step biotransformation using isolated enzymes. Enzymes for cofactor regeneration were employed to make this in vitro reaction economical. Good modelling practice was critical in evaluating the impact of approximations and experimental error. We show that the use and validation of process models was instrumental in realizing and removing process bottlenecks, identifying divergent behavior, and for the optimization of the entire reaction using a genetic algorithm. We validated the optimized reaction to demonstrate that complex multi‐step reactions with cofactor recycling involving at least seven enzymes can be reliably modelled and optimized.
Supporting‐Electrolyte‐Free Electrochemical Methoxymethylation of Alcohols Using a 3D‐Printed Electrosynthesis Continuous Flow Cell System
Authors: van Melis Carlo G. W. , Penny Matthew R. , Garcia Anthony D. , Petti Alessia , Dobbs Adrian P. , Hilton Stephen T. , Lam Kevin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe describe the development of a novel low‐cost small‐footprint 3D‐printed electrosynthesis continuous flow cell system that was designed and adapted to fit a commercially available Electrasyn 2.0. The utility and effectiveness of the combined flow/electrochemistry system over the batch process was demonstrated in the development of an improved and supporting‐electrolyte‐free version of our anodic methoxymethylation of alcohols.
New s‐Block Metal Pyridinedicarboxylate Network Structures through Gas‐Phase Thin‐Film Synthesis
Authors: Penttinen Jenna , Nisula Mikko , Karppinen Maarit 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe combined atomic and molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) technique offers a unique way to build—both known and previously unknown—crystalline coordination polymer materials directly from gaseous precursors in a high‐quality thin‐film form. Here, we demonstrate the ALD/MLD of crystalline Li‐, Na‐, and K‐based 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylate (3,5‐PDC) thin films; the Li2‐3,5‐PDC films are of the known Li‐ULMOF‐4 crystal structure whereas the other as‐deposited crystalline films possess structures not previously reported. Another exciting possibility offered by ALD/MLD is the deposition of well‐defined but amorphous metal–organic thin films, such as our Mg‐, Ca‐, Sr‐, and Ba‐based 3,5‐PDC films, which can then be crystallized into water‐containing structures through a post‐deposition humidity treatment. All together, the new metal–organic structures realized in this study through ALD/MLD comprise a majority of the (anhydrous and water‐containing) members of the s‐block metal 3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylate family.
Cell Culture and Coculture for Oncological Research in Appropriate Microenvironments
Authors: Chhetri Apekshya , Chittiboyina Shirisha , Atrian Farzaneh , Bai Yunfeng , Delisi Davide A. , Rahimi Rahim , Garner John , Efremov Yuri , Park Kinam , Talhouk Rabih , Lelièvre Sophie A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith the increase in knowledge on the importance of the tumor microenvironment, cell culture models of cancers can be adapted to better recapitulate physiologically relevant situations. Three main microenvironmental factors influence tumor phenotype: the biochemical components that stimulate cells, the fibrous molecules that influence the stiffness of the extracellular matrix, and noncancerous cells like epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Here we present methods for the culture of carcinomas in the presence of a matrix of specific stiffness, and for the coculture of tumors and fibroblasts as well as epithelial cells in the presence of matrix. Information is provided to help with choice and assessment of the matrix support and in working with serum‐free medium. Using the example of a tissue chip recapitulating the environmental geometry of carcinomas, we also highlight the development of engineered platforms that provide exquisite control of cell culture parameters necessary in research and development. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Best Practices for Illumina Library Preparation
Authors: Bronner Iraad F. , Quail Michael A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this unit, we describe a set of protocols and recommendations for Illumina library preparation. We review best practices in template quantitation methods; template fragmentation methodologies; solid‐phase reverse‐immobilization cleanup, including buffer exchange and size selection; end repair, A‐tailing, and adapter ligation; indexing strategies; considerations regarding whether to use polymerase chain reaction; final library quantification methodologies; and normalization and pooling strategies. These workflows are applicable to both high‐throughput and low‐throughput Illumina library preparation and should help reduce bias, increase cost effectiveness, and produce high library yields. This is an extensive update of the previous version of this unit. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Escalating human–wildlife conflict in the Wolong Nature Reserve, China: A dynamic and paradoxical process
Authors: Xu Jianying , Wei Jianying , Liu Wenhua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflict (HWC) has become a conservation focus for both protected area management and local communities in many parts of the world. The incidence and mediation of HWCs are rooted in coupled environmental and socioeconomic contexts. A systematic analysis of HWCs was undertaken in 2016 in the Wolong Nature Reserve located in Sichuan Province, southwestern China. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 201 local households to understand the occurrence of wildlife damage, the wildlife species involved, the typical losses incurred, and the mitigation measures employed. The results revealed that local HWC has increased rapidly in recent years due to effective biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration policies. Despite the widespread occurrence of HWCs, with nearly all respondents stating that they had suffered a financial loss, appropriate compensation schemes are lacking. Local respondents' expected compensation amount and style were investigated, and it was concluded that integrated compensation and community development plans are needed to mediate and resolve HWC. In particular, greater attention should be given to reduce local households' dependence on agriculture and transform local livelihood strategies to alternative economic activities not related to farming, such as ecotourism development and migrating employment.
Extreme drought causes fish recruitment failure in a fragmented Great Plains riverscape
Authors: Perkin Joshuah S. , Starks Trevor A. , Pennock Casey A. , Gido Keith B. , Hopper Garrett W. , Hedden Skyler C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDryland stream fishes are adapted to highly connected habitats with unpredictable hydrologic conditions, including frequent low flows and sometimes extreme drought. The low flow recruitment hypothesis predicts that some fishes spawn in main channel habitats during low flows when water temperatures and prey densities are high. However, extreme low flows during drought periods might be disruptive even among fishes whose life histories otherwise benefit from lower flows. We studied recruitment dynamics of six fishes (family Cyprinidae) at 15 sites in a fragmented Great Plains riverscape in Kansas, USA, during 2 years of extreme drought. We tracked the chronology of gonadal development and age 0 recruitment to test the hypothesis that recruitment by fishes that broadcast spawn planktonic ova would be less successful compared with fishes that spawn demersal or adhesive ova. We found all six taxa were reproductively active but recruitment was evident for only four. The two species for which recruitment was not evident, peppered chub (Macrhybopsis tetranema) and silver chub (Macrhybopsis storeriana), are confirmed or suspected pelagic‐broadcast spawning fishes that have declined in other fragmented and dewatered Great Plains riverscapes. Our data highlight the potential for extreme low flows within isolated stream fragments to cause complete or near‐complete recruitment failure for pelagic‐broadcast spawning fishes, especially those with small population sizes. Failed recruitment during extreme drought may be related to spawning mode, ova characteristics, or both. Our work informs management of fish diversity in drought‐prone riverscapes by establishing mechanistic linkages among extreme drought, fish recruitment, and assemblage structure.
Pressure Effect on the PEMFC Performance
Authors: Lu J. B. , Wei G. H. , Zhu F. J. , Yan X. H. , Zhang J. L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA three‐dimensional and two‐phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for a single serpentine channel polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on ANSYS FLUENT fsimulation software is used to investigate the pressure effects on the PEMFC performance. The model is validated by a series of experiments and the numerical data fit well with the experiment results. The PEMFC performance is improved as the increase in back pressure. The simulation results revealed an important mechanism between pressure and humidity: a high back pressure could lead to a high relative humidity (RH) in cathode channel, which results in a high membrane water content. Based on this mechanism, the voltage increased by pressurization is divided into 2 parts: the voltage increased by reactants' partial pressure (Nernst potential) and the voltage increased by enhanced membrane water content. The comparison showed that the major benefit of pressurization is to keep adequate water in the membrane. The analysis of net power efficiency is also performed and it shows that the back pressure of 50 kPa is enough at low densities (less than 1,000 mA cm−2) and the back pressure of 100 kPa is needed at high densities (more than 1,000 mA cm−2).
miR‐409‐5p negatively regulates Wnt/Beta catenin signaling pathway by targeting Lrp‐8
Authors: Prakash Ravi , John Aijaz A , Singh Divya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSignaling pathways like Wnt play a vital part in all aspects of skeletal development which include osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Inactivation of Wnt signaling pathway leads to bone‐related disorders, whereas activation of Wnt signaling pathway can cure bone pathologies like osteoporosis. Certain microRNA(s) have been identified that commune with Wnt signaling molecules to regulate osteogenesis. In this study we reported the identification of miR‐409‐5p as a suppressor of osteogenesis by targeting Lrp‐8 which is a positive effector of Wnt signaling. Our study showed that overexpressing miR‐409‐5p inhibits osteoblast differentiation whereas obstructing miR‐409‐5p expression by anti‐miR‐409 promotes osteoblast functions and matrix mineralization. Using tools like targetscan and 3′‐UTR luciferase reporter assay, Lrp‐8 was confirmed as a straight target of miR‐409‐5p. By over expressing miR‐409‐5p, a repression of canonical Wnt/β catenin signaling was observed. These observations were strengthened by the fact that silencing of miR‐409‐5p in ovariectomized estrogen deficient Balb/c mice restored the loss of trabecular bone microarchitecture and suppressed bone resorption. Thus, targeting miR‐409‐5p may be helpful in increasing bone density in conditions like post menopausal osteoporosis.
Mst1 contributes to nasal epithelium inflammation via augmenting oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in a manner dependent on Nrf2 inhibition
Authors: Song Henge , Wang Mengmeng , Xin Ting 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNasal epithelium inflammation plays an important role in transmitting and amplifying damage signals for the lower airway. However, the molecular basis of nasal epithelium inflammation damage has not been fully addressed. Mst1 is reported to modulate inflammation via multiple effects. Thus, the aim of our study is to understand the pathological mechanism underlying Mst1‐related nasal epithelium inflammation in vitro. Our result indicated that Mst1 expression was rapidly increased in response to tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) treatment in vitro and this effect was a dose‐dependent manner. Interestingly, knockdown of Mst1 via transfecting small interfering RNA markedly reversed cell viability in the presence of TNF‐α. Further, we found that Mst1 deficiency reduced cellular oxidative stress and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by reversed mitochondrial complex‐I activity, decreased mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening rate, and stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential. Besides, we found that Nrf2 expression was increased after deletion of Mst1 whereas silencing of Nrf2 abolished the protective effects of Mst1 deletion on nasal epithelium survival and mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, Nrf2 overexpression also protected nasal epithelium against TNF‐α‐induced inflammation damage. Altogether, our data confirm that the Mst1 activation and Nrf2 downregulation seem to be the potential mechanisms responsible for the inflammation‐mediated injury in nasal epithelium via mediating mitochondrial damage and cell oxidative stress.