bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Fixation Options for Elbow, Forearm, Wrist, and Hand Fractures
Authors: Bartolotta Roger , Daniels Steven , Verret Claire , Fufa Duretti 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe universal goals of upper limb fracture management are to restore anatomic alignment, establish stable fracture fixation (while preserving blood supply), and allow for early mobilization of the elbow, wrist, and digits. However, the indications for operative management and fixation constructs are specific to each fracture type. This article systematically reviews current classifications and treatment options for adult fractures of the distal humerus, radius, ulna, scaphoid, metacarpals, and phalanges. For each anatomic location, we discuss the salient imaging features to guide management decisions (conservative versus internal and/or external fixation). Specifically, we emphasize the amount of displacement, angulation, comminution, and/or intra-articular involvement typically guiding operative management for each fracture type. Through this understanding of the surgical indications, rationale behind different fixation options, and common complications, the radiologist can better support the orthopaedic surgeon via more informed fracture reporting.
Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Lewy Body Disease
Authors: Sezgin Mine , Bilgic Basar , Tinaz Sule , Emre Murat 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PD-D) are Lewy body-related neurodegenerative disorders sharing common clinical and neuropathological findings. The clinical features of both conditions include cognitive impairment, behavioral symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders, and parkinsonism. The cognitive profile of both disorders is characterized by particularly severe deficits in executive and visuospatial functions as well as attention. Clinical differentiation between DLB and PD-D is based on an arbitrary distinction between the time of onset of parkinsonism and cognitive symptoms; extrapyramidal symptoms precede dementia in PD-D, whereas it coincides with or follows dementia within 1 year in DLB. When the clinical picture is fully developed, DLB and PD-D are practically indistinguishable. Although the diagnosis is basically clinical, structural and functional neuroimaging as well as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers may help the clinician in the diagnosis. Placebo-controlled randomized trials of the cholinesterase inhibitors have shown modest but significant benefits in cognition, global function, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in both disorders. Behavioral symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions should be treated with caution with antipsychotics, as they have the potential to worsen motor and cognitive symptoms.
Rare Tauopathies
Authors: Ali Farwa , Josephs Keith 
Published: March 2019

Tauopathies are rare neurodegenerative disorders related to microtubule-associated protein tau, which functions to stabilize microtubules. Pathological changes caused by overexpression or hyperphosphorylation of tau lead to the disengagement of tau from microtubules and accumulation of toxic intracellular inclusions. Tau pathology is the underlying mechanism for several sporadic and genetic disorders. These are collectively known as tauopathies. Each tauopathy is differentiated from others by its neuropathological features such as the presence of specific isoforms of tau, type of cellular inclusions, and the regions of the brain affected. Neuropathological features, with a few exceptions however, do not correspond to distinct clinical phenotypes. There is considerable phenotypic overlap between the different tauopathies. Interaction between tau and other protein inclusions further alters the clinical phenotype.Recent advances in the development of tau biomarkers, especially the development of tau radioligands used in positron emission tomography neuroimaging, and a better understanding of biology and pathology of tau are important first steps toward the ultimate goal of accurate diagnosis and disease modification in tauopathies.
The Revolution within a Revolution: Personal Experiences of a Young Interventional Radiologist
Authors: Mehandru Sonali 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInterventional radiology (IR) has undergone a paradigm shift, and has become more clinically directed. This is particularly true with the new training programs, which are all required to have outpatient clinics, admitting services, and consult services within their hospitals. Despite these changes in education, however, many jobs still require a significant amount of diagnostic imaging work, and many established groups are reticent to allow the time and resources needed to pursue this clinical model of IR practice. This lack of support can lead to frustration for the early career interventional radiologist. This article describes the experience of one early career interventional radiologist, including some of the challenges and opportunities that have arisen from the recent changes in training.
Interventional Radiology Private Practice Patterns
Authors: Peck Steven , Van Erp Jeffrey , Watabe John , Costantino Mary , Varma Manish 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrivate practice interventional radiology (IR) in the US takes many forms – from specialty coverage withing traditional diagnostic radiology (DR) models and hybrid IR/DR practices, to multispecialty groups and independent IR practitioners. The purpose of this article is to understand the value each of these current IR models offer and predict their future viability.
Evolution in Private Practice Interventional Radiology: Data Mining Trends in Procedure Volumes
Authors: Morrison James 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiversity of procedures is a mainstay of interventional radiology (IR) and the ability to adapt and acquire new procedural skills is a benefit in a constantly changing medical environment. Strategies for success include building direct referral patterns from primary care providers, fostering strong interpersonal relationships with referring services, and providing efficient care coordinated through a dedicated IR clinic. In this study, retrospective analysis of procedural volumes over 16 years within a single large private IR practice was performed to examine the evolution of private practice IR. Primary data are presented, with analysis of the internal and external factors that have determined current procedural scope.
Interpretation of Biomarker Data in Diagnosis of Primary Dementias
Authors: Salardini Arash 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the last few years, an improved understanding of dementia biomarkers has significantly increased the diagnostic accuracy for dementias. The National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Definitions Working Group defines a biomarker as “a characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention.” In the field of dementia, a biomarker is a biological measure pointing to a specific dementing pathology. Dementia biomarkers may also serve as surrogates for disease progression and as endpoints in clinical trials. Dementia biomarkers are best characterized for Alzheimer's disease, which is the most common form of primary dementia. The current “biological” conception of Alzheimer's disease is based on consideration of three biomarkers: amyloid, tau, and “neurodegeneration.” The status of these biomarkers may be determined by cerebrospinal fluid clinical chemistry or imaging. Biomarkers for other primary dementias are less reliable and rely chiefly on structural and functional imaging. When appropriate, genetic testing may help with diagnostic certainty in hereditary forms of dementia.
Non-classical covalent bonds
Authors: Starodub Vladimir A. , Starodub Tatyana N. 
Published: March 2019

The possibility of multiple bond formation between Periodic Table Group 13 – 15 elements is considered. The ways of triple bond formation between these elements are discussed; particular attention is paid to the B≡B triple bonds. New non-linear compounds with triple bonds and their molecular structures are considered. The causes are given for the formation of compounds with unusually short distances between chemically non-bonded atoms. The grounds of the theory of two-centre three-electron bonds are presented and conditions of existence of isolated square planar carbon clusters are analyzed.
The bibliography includes 181 references.
Motor control of practice and actual strokes by professional and amateur golfers differ but feature a distance‐dependent control strategy
Authors: Hasegawa Yumiko , Fujii Keisuke , Miura Akito , Yokoyama Keiko , Yamamoto Yuji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe explored how practice and actual putting strokes differed between professionals and high‐level golf amateurs, and how practice strokes reflected subtle differences in putting distances. We analysed swing amplitude, impact velocity, and acceleration profile of the club‐head. The acceleration profiles showed that the motor control pattern of the practice stroke differed from that of the actual stroke. To clarify the effects of different putting distances on the practice stroke and to analyse how much the actual stroke could be explained by the practice stroke, we conducted individual regression analyses. The practice strokes of all participants could be divided into three strategies and five types by the coefficient of determination and the slope. This implies that the purpose of the practice stroke varied among golfers. Most golfers used the individual velocity criteria in their practice strokes, which resulted in different putting distances based on their criteria. Unexpectedly, we found no significant difference in skill level between professionals and high‐level amateurs. The results of this study imply that the practice stroke does not duplicate the actual stroke, even for professional golfers with excellent skills. However, most high‐level golfers adopted distance‐dependent control strategies for slightly different putting distances.
Pensions across generations: scenarios for the Maltese Islands
Authors: Vella Melchior , von Brockdorff Philip 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper tests whether in a PAYG system there is an inter-generational balance between the contributions made during the working-career and the pension benefit received in retirement; covering different cohorts. The analysis takes Malta as a case study. Though the dependency ratio is comparatively low, the population is rapidly ageing. The results show that there is a generational imbalance with the young cohort unlikely to be any better off than those who have already retired. This however is sensitive to the assumed discount rate and the ‘no policy’ change scenario. The results also show that future generations may be net-gainers assuming a sustained level of wage growth. If, on the other hand, wage growth slows, the younger generation may become increasingly reliant on the bequests of older generations. This would explain why pressure has increased to regularly adjust the existing PAYG system as well to introduce other forms of pension schemes.
Assessing Zika Virus Transmission Within Households During an Outbreak in Martinique, 2015–2016
Authors: Cousien Anthony , Abel Sylvie , Monthieux Alice , Andronico Alessio , Calmont Isabelle , Cervantes Minerva , Césaire Raymond , Gallian Pierre , de Lamballerie Xavier , Laouénan Cédric , Najioullah Fatiha , Pierre-François Sandrine , Pircher Mathilde , Salje Henrik , ten Bosch Quirine A , Cabié André , Cauchemez Simon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Since 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused large epidemics in the Americas. Households are natural targets for control interventions, but quantification of the contribution of household transmission to overall spread is needed to guide policy. We developed a modeling framework to evaluate this contribution and key epidemic features of the ZIKV epidemic in Martinique in 2015–2016 from the joint analysis of a household transmission study (n = 68 households), a study among symptomatic pregnant women (n = 281), and seroprevalence surveys of blood donors (n = 457). We estimated that the probability of mosquito-mediated within-household transmission (from an infected member to a susceptible one) was 21% (95% credible interval (CrI): 5, 51), and the overall probability of infection from outside the household (i.e., in the community) was 39% (95% CrI: 27, 50). Overall, 50% (95% CrI: 43, 58) of the population was infected, with 22% (95% CrI: 5, 46) of infections acquired in households and 40% (95% CrI: 23, 56) being asymptomatic. The probability of presenting with Zika-like symptoms due to another cause was 16% (95% CrI: 10, 23). This study characterized the contribution of household transmission in ZIKV epidemics, demonstrating the benefits of integrating multiple data sets to gain more insight into epidemic dynamics.
Atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane disease presenting as macroscopic haematuria, loin pain and acute kidney injury after intensive exercise
Authors: Le Flecher Arnaud , Viallet Nicolas , Hebmann Delphine , Chauveau Bertrand , Vacher Coponat Henri 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We report a 35-year-old man who suffered from recurrent macroscopic haematuria after intensive exercise. One episode was associated with bilateral loin (flank) pain and severe acute kidney injury. His kidney biopsy revealed an atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease typified by bright linear GBM staining for monotypic immunoglobulin G but without a diffuse crescentic phenotype and no circulating anti-GBM antibody. Outcome was spontaneously favourable. The patient had no recurrence or urine abnormality without running. The original presentation emphasized that exercise could reveal an underlying glomerulopathy.
PS02.252: LAPOROSCOPIC ADJUSTABLE GASTRIC BANDING: AN UNDERESTIMATED RISK FACTOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER?–A NATIONWIDE SURVEY
Authors: Gehwolf Philipp , Kienzl-Wagner Katrin , Cakar-Beck Fergül , Schäfer Aline , Wykypiel Heinz 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Among the population of Austria (8,4 Mill.) about 870.000 (12%) have a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2. For those with morbid obesity, Bariatric surgery is currently the only effective treatment in the long term.
In 1994 the laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) was introduced in Austria and about 10.300 patients received it so far.
One of our LAGB-patients developed adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus after 13 years. In order to calculate if patients after LAGB are at higher risk for carcinoma of the esophagus, we performed a nationwide survey.

Methods
A questionnaire was sent to all surgical departments in Austria, primarily in order to detect cases with esophageal carcinoma after LAGB, but also to evaluate the policy in Austria concerning the preoperative work-up, the operation and the follow-up in LAGB patients.

Results
Since 1994, 37 out of 119 surgical departments in Austria have been performing about 10300 LAGB implantations in total. Moreover, eight surgical departments are performing resective esophageal cancer surgery.
Seven patients could be identified with development of upper gastrointestinal malignoma/dysplasia after LAGB implantation.

Conclusion
To our knowledge less than 20 cases of esophageal cancer after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding have been described so far, but there is sound evidence that the development of Barrett's metaplasia after LAGB is much higher The most recent nationwide Austrian statistical report on esophageal cancer (2015) shows an incidence of 8,8: 100.000/per year, les than 1% of the annually emerging malignant tumors. About 48% of the emerging malignant tumors are squamous cell carcinoma (male: 47,6%, female: 48,3%) whereas about 30% are adenocarcinoma (male: 32,6%; female: 25,3%). Our data suggests that the incidence for developing an adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in Austria is currently about 3/100.000/a. Compared to the five patients we detected, the incidence of developing a carcinoma of the esophagus after LAGB is about up to fthree fold higher.
In patients with a laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, a diligent preoperative evaluation and aggressive postsurgical follow-up including gastroscopy and in selected cases esophageal manometry seems mandatory.

Disclosure
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Recreational and small-scale fisheries may pose a threat to vulnerable species in coastal and offshore waters of the western Mediterranean
Authors: Lloret J , Biton-Porsmoguer S , Carreño A , Di Franco A , Sahyoun R , Melià P , Claudet J , Sève C , Ligas A , Belharet M , Calò A , Carbonara P , Coll M , Corrales X , Lembo G , Sartor P , Bitetto I , Vilas D , Piroddi C , Prato G , Charbonnel E , Bretton O , Hartmann V , Prats L , Font T 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study evaluates the fishing pressure exerted by the most common recreational and professional, small-scale fishing practices on vulnerable target and bycatch species in coastal and offshore waters of the western Mediterranean. By combining multiple data sources, we assembled a unique dataset on catches at multiple sites in these areas by recreational (RF) and small-scale fisheries (SSF), covering the period from 1997 to 2015. Furthermore, a framework with which to identify the vulnerable species among all the species caught is provided; it is based on the IUCN Red List, international conventions for the protection of flora and fauna, the Habitats Directive and the intrinsic vulnerability index of marine fish. Overall, about a quarter of exploited species targeted by SSF and RF in coastal waters were vulnerable, making up nearly 50% of the total SSF catch and nearly 20% of the total recreational catch. In offshore waters, 100% of the RF and SSF catch was made up of vulnerable species. Among the species caught as bycatch in both areas by SSF and RF, there was a total of 27 vulnerable vertebrate species, which included birds, cetaceans, elasmobranchs and sea turtles. Our results highlight the need to differentiate between different fishing methods or gears when studying the fishing impacts on vulnerable species. The results also indicate that, although RF and SSF are often considered to have a relatively low ecological impact, a range of different fishing methods are affecting vulnerable species in coastal or offshore waters in the western Mediterranean Sea, be they targeted or taken unintentionally as bycatch.
The ALBA constitutional project and political representation
Authors: Díaz de Valdés José M , Verdugo Sergio 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
After the Cold War era, significant constitutional changes took place in Latin America. One distinct trend is the neo-Bolivarian constitutionalism, which has taken place in the ALBA countries, including the constitutional replacements of Venezuela (1999), Ecuador (2008), and Bolivia (2009). Many scholars have rightly criticized these constitutional experiments arguing that they have helped to deteriorate a liberal notion of democracy. This essay approaches a question that complements those criticisms from a different perspective: how the ALBA countries have resorted to varied notions of political representation. The authors use the classic work of Pitkin to identify the different sorts of political representation involved in the ALBA constitutional experiments, finding a combination of symbolic and descriptive representation. The former is linked to the figure of the president as a caudillo that centralizes political power, whereas the latter is fostered by both the president and the contents of the new constitutions related to the original peoples. As a result, the empowering purpose of constitutionalism has been preferred over its constraining purpose.
Ordering Patterns and Costs of Specialized Laboratory Testing by Hospitalists and House Staff in Hospitalized Patients With HIV at a County Hospital: An Opportunity for Diagnostic Stewardship
Authors: Bolles Kathryn , Woc-Colburn Laila , Hamill Richard J , Hemmige Vagish 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Inpatient HIV care often requires specialized laboratory testing with which practitioners may not be familiar. In addition, computerized physician order entry allows for ordering tests without understanding test indications, but it can also provide a venue for education and diagnostic stewardship.

Methods
All charts of HIV-positive patients hospitalized at a tertiary care public safety net hospital in Houston, Texas, between January 1, 2014, and June 30, 2014, were reviewed for a set list of laboratory tests. Appropriateness of test ordering was assessed by 2 providers. Cost estimates for each test were obtained from Medicaid and a national nonprofit health care charge database.

Results
A total of 274 HIV-positive patients were admitted 429 times in the 6-month study period. During the study period, 45% of the study laboratory tests ordered were not indicated. A total of 532 hepatitis serologies were ordered, only 52% of which were indicated. Overall, 71 serum qualitative cytomegalovirus (CMV) polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) and eight CMV quantitative PCRs were ordered, with most (85%) qualitative PCRs ordered for nonspecific signs of infection (eg, fever). Other tests ordered without clear indications included Aspergillus IgE (7), serum Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) PCR (5), parvovirus serology (7), and Toxoplasma IgM (18). Overall, the estimated laboratory cost of inappropriate testing over the study period was between $14 000 and $92 000, depending on which cost database was used.

Conclusions
Many tests ordered in HIV-positive inpatients do not have indications, representing a substantial source of health care waste and cost and potentially leading to inappropriate treatment. Opportunities exist to decrease waste through education of trainees and hospitalists and through implementation of diagnostic stewardship via the electronic medical record.