bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk for Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Stress by Ethnicities in Canada: From Pregnancy Through the Preschool Years
Authors: Dharma Christoffer , Lefebvre Diana L. , Lu Zihang , Lou Wendy Y. W. , Becker Allan B. , Mandhane Piush J. , Turvey Stuart E. , Moraes Theo J. , Azad Meghan B. , Chen Edith , Elliott Susan J. , Kozyrskyj Anita L. , Sears Malcolm R. , Subbarao Padmaja 
Published: August 2018

Objective: Past cross-sectional studies have reported that mothers from ethnic minorities experience higher levels of prenatal and post-partum psychosocial distress compared with mothers from ethnic majorities. However, no studies have examined how the pattern varies longitudinally in a Canadian population of heterogeneous ethnicity. Methods: We analyzed data from 3,138 mothers participating in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Study, a longitudinal multi-center study incorporating 10 distinct waves of psychosocial data collection from pregnancy until the index child was aged 5 y. Maternal self-identified ethnicity was grouped as White Caucasian, First Nations, Black, Southeast Asian, East Asian, South Asian, Middle Eastern, Hispanic and mixed ethnicity. We performed a multi-level regression to determine whether mothers of specific minority ethnicities were more likely to experience higher levels of distress (i.e. depressive symptoms and perceived stress) compared to white Caucasian mothers. Results: Mothers self-identifying as Black or First Nations had consistently higher distress scores than mothers from other ethnicities across all data collection times. After adjusting for relevant variables (history of depression, education, household income, marital status, and social support), First Nations mothers had a 20% increase in the mean scores of depressive symptoms compared to White Caucasian Mothers. Conclusions: Increased levels of perinatal and post-partum distress were seen in only some ethnic minority groups. Studies should avoid collapsing all categories into ethnic minority or majority and may need to consider how ethnicity interacts with other sociodemographic factors such as poverty.
Comparison of Anatomic Structures at Risk With 2 Lateral Lengthening Calcaneal Osteotomies
Authors: Ettinger Sarah , Sibai Kariem , Stukenborg-Colsman Christina , Yao Daiwei , Claassen Leif , Daniilidis Kiriakos , Plaass Christian 
Published: August 2018

Background: Lateral lengthening calcaneal osteotomies (LLCOT) are commonly used to treat flexible pes planovalgus deformity. Different operative techniques have been described. The aim of this study was to examine which anatomic structures were affected by 2 different osteotomy techniques. Methods: Two experienced foot and ankle surgeons each performed an Evans (E)- or Hintermann (H) osteotomy on 7 cadaver feet. The mean age of the donors was 80.4 ± 4.4 years. Eight left and 6 right feet were prepared. Previously identified structures at risk were prepared and evaluated. Results: After H-LLCOT, there was no damage of the peroneus longus tendon, whereas after E-LLCOT, damage was noted in 1 case (14.3%). The peroneus brevis tendon was once cut after H-LLCOT and eroded after E-LLCOT. In one cadaver, the sural nerve was partially damaged after H-LLCOT but in no case after E-LLOCT. The calcaneal anterior and medial articular facets were intact after H-LLCOT in 100% and 85.7% and after E-LLCOT in 42.9% and 71.4%, respectively. The posterior articular surface was not affected in any cadaver. Conclusion: Anatomic structures can be damaged after both osteotomies. With the Hintermann osteotomy, the calcaneal anterior and medial articular surface can be protected to a larger extent than with the Evans osteotomy. Clinical Relevance: The Hintermann osteotomy seems to be superior, regarding damage of the articular surfaces of the subtalar joint. These findings have to be correlated with biomechanical and clinical studies before a final recommendation can be given, which osteotomy is superior.
Granular Cell Tumor Imaging Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Tes David , Aber Ahmed , Zafar Mohsin , Horton Luke , Fotouhi Audrey , Xu Qiuyun , Moiin Ali , Thompson Andrew D , Moraes Pinto Blumetti Tatiana Cristina , Daveluy Steven , Chen Wei , Nasiriavanaki Mohammadreza 
Published: August 2018

Background: Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively uncommon tumor that may affect the skin. The tumor can develop anywhere on the body, although it is predominately seen in oral cavities and in the head and neck regions. Here, we present the results of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of a large GCT located on the abdomen of a patient. We also present an analytical method to differentiate between healthy tissue and GCT tissues. Materials and methods: A multibeam, Fourier domain, swept source OCT was used for imaging. The OCT had a central wavelength of 1305 ± 15 nm and lateral and axial resolutions of 7.5 and 10 µm, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the tumor and healthy skin are reported. Results: Abrupt changes in architectures of the dermal and epidermal layers in the GCT lesion were observed. These architectural changes were not observed in healthy skin. Discussion: To quantitatively differentiate healthy skin from tumor regions, an optical attenuation coefficient analysis based on single-scattering formulation was performed. The methodology introduced here could have the capability to delineate boundaries of a tumor prior to surgical excision.
Validation of the preference-based multiple sclerosis index
Authors: Kuspinar Ayse , Mayo Nancy E 
Published: August 2018

Background: Preference-based measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL) are used as primary or secondary endpoints in multiple sclerosis (MS) research. Objective: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the structural, convergent, and known-groups validity of the preference-based multiple sclerosis index (PBMSI) of HRQL in people with MS. Methods: Participants were recruited from three MS clinics in Montreal. Structural validity was assessed using polychoric correlation coefficients and factor analysis. To assess convergent validity, hypotheses were formulated about the strength of correlations between the PBMSI and other HRQL measures. Known-groups validity was assessed against different measures of disability. Results: The average age of the sample was 46 and 77% were women. Factor analysis supported the structural validity of the PBMSI; the items collectively were measuring one underlying construct. The PBMSI showed convergent validity against generic measures of HRQL, and known-groups validity between persons with different levels of disability. Conclusion: The results of this study support the construct validity of the PBMSI as an outcome measure of HRQL in MS. The PBMSI overcomes limitations observed with currently used HRQL measures in MS and may be used to contrast different interventions for people with MS.
A Review of Distribution of Atherosclerosis in the Lower Limb Arteries of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: Lowry Danielle , Saeed Mujahid , Narendran Parth , Tiwari Alok 
Published: August 2018

Objective: There is a generally accepted hypothesis that patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have a higher burden of atherosclerotic disease below the knee compared to patients without DM (NDM). The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence regarding this hypothesis. Methods: The literature was searched for papers that compared the anatomical distribution of atherosclerotic disease in patients with DM and those without using radiological imaging. Search terms used included “diabetes mellitus,” “peripheral vascular disease,” “distribution of disease,” “angiography,” “computed tomography angiography,” and “magnetic resonance angiography.” Where possible, the number of patients with disease in each arterial segment was extracted and included in a forest plot. A descriptive approach was taken when this was not possible or a scoring system was used. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the review and it was possible to summarize data from 9 of these in a forest plot. Fifteen different arterial segments were described; however, the most commonly used segments that differentiated between proximal and distal disease were aortoiliac (A-I; DM = 466 patients, NDM = 458), femoropopliteal (F-P; DM = 568, NDM = 585), tibial (DM = 306, NDM = 417). The resulting forest plot showed that those with DM were significantly less likely to have disease in the A-I segment (odds ratio [OR]: 0.25 [0.15-0.42]) and significantly more likely to have disease in the tibial segment (OR 1.94 [1.27-2.96]). In the DM group, there was a trend toward relative sparing in the F-P segment, but this does not reach significance (0.66 [0.33-1.31]). Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that patients with DM are more likely to have atherosclerotic disease in the tibial vessels than NDM. There is however limited information on how individual vessels are affected. Further information on this and a greater understanding of why the distal vessels are more affected are avenues for future research.
Patient Involvement in Decision-Making: An Important Parameter for Better Patient Experience—An Observational Study (STROBE Compliant)
Authors: Makkar Namrata , Jain Kanika , Siddharth Vijaydeep , Sarkar Siddharth 
Published: August 2018

Background and Aim: Preferences of service users is an important consideration for developing health-care services. This study aimed to assess the experiences of the patients with substance use disorders who were admitted to a tertiary health-care facility in India. Method: This cross-sectional sectional study recruited adult inpatients who stayed for a period of 7 days or more. The Picker Patient Experience questionnaire (PPE-15) was used to gather information about the views of the patients about the care received at the center. Results: Responses were available from 113 inpatients. Majority of the participants were males and were dependent on opioids. The experience was generally positive about being treated with respect and dignity and access to information. The participants were most satisfied with opportunity being given to discuss anxiety and fear about the condition or treatment (91.2% positive response) and least satisfied with differences in responses from doctors and nurses (43.4% positive response). Further attention seemed desired about communication with the staff and patients’ involvement in their own treatment-related decision-making. Conclusion: Efforts need to be made to involve patients in their own treatment-related decision-making and to improve communication with the treatment team. This might lead to better involvement in treatment process, which could enhance the treatment outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Pharmacometabolic response to pirfenidone in pulmonary fibrosis detected by MALDI-FTICR-MSI
Authors: Sun Na , Fernandez Isis E. , Wei Mian , Witting Michael , Aichler Michaela , Feuchtinger Annette , Burgstaller Gerald , Verleden Stijn E. , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Eickelberg Oliver , Walch Axel 
Published: August 2018

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal condition that reduces life expectancy and shows a limited response to available therapies. Pirfenidone has been approved for treatment of IPF, but little is known about the distinct metabolic changes that occur in the lung upon pirfenidone administration.Here, we performed a proof-of-concept study using high-resolution quantitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-FTICR-MSI) to simultaneously detect, visualise and quantifyin situendogenous and exogenous metabolites in lungs of mice subjected to experimental fibrosis and human patients with IPF, and to assess the effect of pirfenidone treatment on metabolite levels.Metabolic pathway analysis and endogenous metabolite quantification revealed that pirfenidone treatment restores redox imbalance and glycolysis in IPF tissues, and downregulates ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, thereby likely contributing toin situmodulation of collagen processing. As such, we detected specific alterations in metabolite pathways in fibrosis and, importantly, metabolic recalibration following pirfenidone treatment.Together, these results highlight the suitability of high-resolution MALDI-FTICR-MSI for deciphering the therapeutic effects of pirfenidone and provide a preliminary analysis of the metabolic changes that occur during pirfenidone treatmentin vivo. These data may therefore contribute to improvement of currently available therapies for IPF.
Changes in feeding habits promoted the differentiation of the composition and function of gut microbiotas between domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and gray wolves (Canis lupus)
Authors: Lyu Tianshu , Liu Guangshuai , Zhang Huanxin , Wang Lidong , Zhou Shengyang , Dou Huashan , Pang Bo , Sha Weilai , Zhang Honghai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWolves (Canis lupus) and their domesticated and close relatives, dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), have great differences in their diets and living environments. To the best of our knowledge, the fundamental question of how the abundance and function of the gut microbiota of domestic dogs evolved to adapt to the changes in host feeding habits has yet to be addressed. In this study, our comparative analyses of gut metagenomes showed that the abundance of gut microbiota between the two species have some significant differences. Furthermore, a number of taxa observed in higher numbers in domestic dogs are related to carbohydrate metabolism, which may be because that there were more complicated polysaccharides in dogs diets than that in wolves diets. A significant difference in the abundance of genes encoding glycosyltransferase family 34 (GT34), carbohydrate-binding module family 25 (CBM25), and glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13) between the gut microbiota metagenomes of domestic dogs and gray wolves also supported this observation. Furthermore, the domestic dog gut microbiota has greater valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism. This result showed that compared with wolves, the domestic dog diet contains a smaller amount of animal protein, which is consistent with the dietary composition of wolves and dogs. Our results indicate that the function and abundance of gut microbiota of domestic dogs has been adapted to domestication, which is of great significance for the ability of domestic dogs to adapt to changes in food composition.
Management of epistaxis in patients with ventricular assist device: A retrospective review
Authors: Brown Clifford Scott , Abi-Hachem Ralph , Jang David Woojin 
Published: August 2018

Background Patients with a ventricular assist device (VAD) are at risk for epistaxis due to the need for anticoagulation. Additionally, these patients develop acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) due to these devices. Management is complicated by the risk of thrombosis if anticoagulation is reversed. This study sought to characterize the clinical features and management of epistaxis in this high-risk population. Methods Retrospective review of adults with VAD and epistaxis necessitating inpatient consultation with the otolaryngology service were included. Results 49 patients met inclusion criteria. All patients had a presumed diagnosis of AvWS. An elevated INR (> 2.0) was present in 18 patients (36.7%). Anticoagulation was held in 14 (28.6%) patients, though active correction was not necessary. Multiple encounters were required in 16 (32.7%) patients. Spontaneous epistaxis was associated with multiple encounters ( p = 0.02). The use of hemostatic material was associated with a lower likelihood of bleeding recurrence ( p = 0.05), whereas cauterization with silver nitrate alone was associated with a higher likelihood of re-intervention (p = 0.05). Surgery or embolization was not required urgently for any patient. Endoscopy under general anesthesia was performed for one patient electively. Mean follow up time was 16.6 months (σ = 6.3). At six months, 18 (36.7%) patients were deceased. Conclusion While these patients are at risk for recurrent spontaneous epistaxis, nonsurgical treatment without active correction of INR or AvWS was largely successful. Placement of hemostatic material, as opposed to cautery with silver nitrate, should be considered as a first-line treatment in this group. Multidisciplinary collaboration is critical for successful management.
Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Circulating Stem and Progenitor Cells in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bonora Benedetta Maria , Cappellari Roberta , Albiero Mattia , Avogaro Angelo , Fadini Gian Paolo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Context
Reduction in the levels of circulating stem cells (CSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) predicts development or progression of microangiopathy and macroangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective
We tested whether treatment with sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors affected the levels of CSCs and EPCs.

Design
A randomized trial of dapagliflozin vs placebo with open-label extension, and an open-label observational study of empagliflozin treatment.

Setting
Tertiary referral diabetes outpatient clinic.

Patients
Patients with T2D aged 18 to 75 years.

Intervention
Dapagliflozin at 10 mg vs placebo (n = 31); empagliflozin at 10 mg (n = 15).

Main Outcome Measures
We measured CSCs (CD34+) and EPCs (CD34+KDR+) by flow cytometry at baseline, at 12 weeks, and after the extension period.

Results
After 12 weeks, CSCs declined nonsignificantly in the dapagliflozin group, remained stable in the placebo group, and the change from baseline was not significantly different between the two groups. EPCs declined nonsignificantly in the dapagliflozin group, increased nonsignificantly in the placebo group, and the change from baseline was significantly different between the two groups. After an open-label extension period of about 1.5 years, CSCs remained stable over time, whereas EPCs significantly increased in patients who received dapagliflozin. In all patients, irrespectively of treatment, EPCs increased significantly from baseline to the end of observation, concomitantly with improvement in HbA1c. In a cohort of 15 patients who received open-label empagliflozin for 12 weeks, CSCs declined nonsignificantly, whereas EPCs remained stable.

Conclusion
SGLT2 inhibitors do not significantly increase CSCs or EPCs. Thus, cardiovascular protection by SGLT2 inhibitors may not directly involve stem/progenitor cells.
Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Their Temporal Patterns Predict Poor Outcome in Chronic Heart Failure (Bio-SHiFT Study)
Authors: Brankovic Milos , Akkerhuis K Martijn , Mouthaan Henk , Brugts Jasper J , Manintveld Olivier C , van Ramshorst Jan , Germans Tjeerd , Umans Victor , Boersma Eric , Kardys Isabella 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Purpose
Multiple hormonal and metabolic alterations occur in chronic heart failure (CHF), but their proper monitoring during clinically silent progression of CHF remains challenging. Hence, our objective was to explore whether temporal patterns of six emerging cardiometabolic biomarkers predict future adverse clinical events in stable patients with CHF.

Methods
In 263 patients with CHF, we determined the risk of a composite end point of heart failure hospitalization, cardiac death, left ventricular assist device implantation, and heart transplantation in relation to serially assessed blood biomarker levels and slopes (i.e., rate of biomarker change per year). During 2.2 years of follow-up, we repeatedly measured IGF binding proteins 1, 2, and 7 (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-7), adipose fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP-4), resistin, and chemerin (567 samples in total).

Results
Serially measured IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-7, and FABP-4 levels predicted the end point [univariable hazard ratio (95% CI) per 1-SD increase: 3.34 (2.43 to 4.87), 2.86 (2.10 to 3.92), 2.45 (1.91 to 3.13), and 2.46 (1.88 to 3.24), respectively]. Independently of the biomarkers’ levels, their slopes were also strong clinical predictors [per 0.1-SD increase: 1.20 (1.11 to 1.31), 1.27 (1.14 to 1.45), 1.23 (1.11 to 1.37), and 1.27 (1.12 to 1.48)]. All associations persisted after multivariable adjustment for patient baseline characteristics, baseline N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide and cardiac troponin T, and pharmacological treatment during follow-up.

Main Conclusions
The temporal patterns of IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-7, and adipose FABP-4 predict adverse clinical outcomes during outpatient follow-up of patients with CHF and may be clinically relevant as they could help detect more aggressive CHF forms and assess patient prognosis, as well as ultimately aid in designing more effective biomarker-guided therapy.
Ectopic otoconial formation in the lagena of the pigeon inner ear
Authors: Malkemper E. Pascal , Mason Matthew J. , Kagerbauer Daniel , Nimpf Simon , Keays David A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The vertebrate inner ear contains vestibular receptors with dense crystals of calcium carbonate, the otoconia. The production and maintenance of otoconia is a delicate process, the perturbation of which can lead to severe vestibular dysfunction in humans. The details of these processes are not well understood. Here, we report the discovery of a new otoconial mass in the lagena of adult pigeons that was present in more than 70% of birds. Based on histological, tomographic and elemental analyses, we conclude that the structure likely represents an ectopically-formed otoconial assembly. Given its frequent natural occurrence, we suggest that the pigeon lagena is a valuable model system for investigating misregulated otoconial formation.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Immunometabolism in cancer at a glance
Authors: Singer Katrin , Cheng Wan-Chen , Kreutz Marina , Ho Ping-Chih , Siska Peter J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The scientific knowledge about tumor metabolism has grown at a fascinating rate in recent decades. We now know that tumors are highly active both in their metabolism of available nutrients and in the secretion of metabolic by-products. However, cancer cells can modulate metabolic pathways and thus adapt to specific nutrients. Unlike tumor cells, immune cells are not subject to a ‘micro-evolution’ that would allow them to adapt to progressing tumors that continuously develop new mechanisms of immune escape. Consequently, immune cells are often irreversibly affected and may allow or even support cancer progression. The mechanisms of how tumors change immune cell function are not sufficiently explored. It is, however, clear that commonly shared features of tumor metabolism, such as local nutrient depletion or production of metabolic ‘waste’ can broadly affect immune cells and contribute to immune evasion. Moreover, immune cells utilize different metabolic programs based on their subtype and function, and these immunometabolic pathways can be modified in the tumor microenvironment. In this review and accompanying poster, we identify and describe the common mechanisms by which tumors metabolically affect the tumor-infiltrating cells of native and adaptive immunity, and discuss how these mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.