bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violation of Synchrotron Line of Death by the Highly Polarized GRB 160802A
Authors: Chand Vikas , Chattopadhyay Tanmoy , Iyyani S. , Basak Rupal , E. Aarthy , Rao A. R. , Vadawale Santosh V. , Bhattacharya Dipankar , Bhalerao V. B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
GRB 160802A is one of the brightest gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) in the energy range of 10–1000 keV, while at the same time it is surprisingly faint at energies ≳2 MeV. An observation with the AstroSat/CZT Imager also provides the polarization that helps in constraining different prompt emission models using the novel joint spectra-polarimetric data. We analyze the Fermi/GBM data, and find two main bursting episodes that are clearly separated in time, one of which is particularly faint in higher energies and having certain differences in their spectra. The spectrum in general shows a hard-to-soft evolution in both the episodes. Only the later part of the first episode shows intensity tracking behavior corresponding to multiple pulses. The photon index of the spectrum is hard, and in over 90% cases, crosses even the slow cooling limit (α = −2/3) of an optically thin synchrotron shock model. Though such hard values are generally associated with a sub-dominant thermal emission, such a component is not statistically required in our analysis. In addition, the measured polarization in 100–300 keV is too high, π = 85 ± 29%, to be accommodated in such a scenario. Jitter radiation, which allows a much harder index up to α = +0.5, in principle can produce high polarization, but only beyond the spectral peak, which in our case lies close to 200–300 keV during the time when most of the polarization signal is obtained. The spectro-polarimetric data seems to be consistent with a subphotospheric dissipation process occurring within a narrow jet with a sharp drop in emissivity beyond the jet edge, and viewed along its boundary.
Formation of Moon-induced Gaps in Dense Planetary Rings: Application to the Rings of Saturn
Authors: Grätz Fabio , Seiß Martin , Spahn Frank 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We develop an axisymmetric diffusion model to describe radial density profiles in the vicinity of tiny moons embedded in planetary rings. Our diffusion model accounts for the gravitational scattering of the ring particles by an embedded moon and for the viscous diffusion of the ring matter back into the gap. With test particle simulations, we show that the scattering of the ring particles passing the moon is larger for small impact parameters than estimated by Goldreich & Tremaine and Namouni. This is significant for modeling the Keeler gap. We apply our model to the gaps of the moons Pan and Daphnis embedded in the outer A ring of Saturn with the aim to estimate the shear viscosity of the ring in the vicinity of the Encke and Keeler gap. In addition, we analyze whether tiny icy moons whose dimensions lie below Cassini’s resolution capabilities would be able to explain the gap structure of the C ring and the Cassini division.
Constraining the Ejecta for the Nonthermal Emission from GW 170817
Authors: Huang Yan , Li Zhuo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We consider a simple model for the nonthermal emission from GW 170817, in which a quasi-spherical ejecta is released in the merger event, with the kinetic energy distributed over the momentum as E(>γβ) ∝ (γβ)−k
. The ejecta drives a shock into the medium and gives rise to synchrotron radiation. Using multiband observations, we constrain k to be ≈6.7, the total kinetic energy to be (0.3–5) × 1051 erg (assuming the density of the medium to be ∼10−2 cm−3 and the postshock magnetic field to carry a fraction 10−5–10−3 of the postshock internal energy), the slowest ejecta velocity to be ∼(0.7–0.8)c, and the fastest ejecta to have a Lorentz factor of ∼4–7. We conclude that the subrelativistic dynamical ejecta responsible for the kilonova cannot produce nonthermal emission. The coexistence of nonthermal and thermal kilonova emission implies that two simultaneous ejecta are ejected at different angles.
Les inégalités professionnelles entre les femmes et les hommes selon leur niveau de diplôme
Authors: Gadrey Jean , Gadrey Nicole 
Published: August 2018

Les inégalités salariales entre les femmes et les hommes ont été inter-prétées en faisant appel à des facteurs divers qui ont tous leur importance, mais ne paraissent pas suffisants pour comprendre le paradoxe suivant : le niveau de diplôme des filles dépasse de plus en plus celui des garçons, les rémunérations augmentent en moyenne avec le niveau de diplôme, et pourtant les femmes restent nettement moins payées que les hommes et l’écart salarial est quasiment stagnant depuis de nombreuses années. La relation entre formation et emploi est au cœur du système méritocratique à la française, mais elle n’apparaît souvent qu’en filigrane dans les travaux sur les inégalités entre les femmes et les hommes et ses effets ne donnent pas lieu à des évaluations chiffrées. Cet article tente de mesurer l’effet différencié du niveau de diplôme sur l’emploi, les professions occupées et les rémunérations des femmes et des hommes.
Le caché de La Poste. La genèse de temps virtuels pour organiser le travail des facteurs
Authors: Jounin Nicolas 
Published: August 2018

La Poste détermine le circuit des tournées de ses facteurs en référence à la durée nécessaire au tri et à la distribution du courrier correspondant à ce circuit. Jusqu’au début des années 2000, elle le faisait au moyen du chronométrage des différentes étapes de chaque tournée. Depuis, elle a accéléré la révision des tournées en mettant en œuvre des combinaisons automatiques de l’estimation du trafic, du référencement de la géographie, et de vitesses et temps standards prédéterminés. Bien que ce dispositif ait été réfléchi depuis des décennies, il n’a été mis en œuvre qu’à la faveur de la réduction de la durée légale du travail et de la diminution du trafic de courrier. Aujourd’hui, il fait l’objet d’une controverse qui porte notamment sur les fondements des vitesses et temps standards conçus dans les années 1990. Leur validité est mise en cause par des facteurs et leurs représentants, et La Poste ne peut la défendre car elle affirme ne plus disposer des documents rendant compte de la conception de ses propres « normes et cadences ».
Parcours de sous-traitants économiquement dépendants : l’exemple de la messagerie urbaine
Authors: Rème-Harnay Pétronille 
Published: August 2018

Alors que dans le transport routier de marchandises, le recours à la sous-traitance est limité à 15 % du chiffre d’affaires, il est massif dans la messagerie urbaine dédiée à la collecte et la distribution d’envois de moins de trois tonnes. Dans ce secteur, coexistent une quinzaine de groupes et de nombreuses entreprises de petite taille. Les premiers sous-traitent massivement la livraison aux secondes pour économiser sur les coûts liés aux contrats de travail salariés dans la messagerie. Plutôt que d’étudier les logiques d’externalisation des groupes donneurs d’ordre, déjà largement médiatisées, l’enquête que nous avons menée en 2015 s’intéresse à la dépendance économique des sous-traitants, aux raisons de leur existence mais aussi à leurs stratégies économiques, qu’elles soient légales ou non, et aux causes de leurs éventuelles défaillances.
Outcomes of a Critical Care Hospital-Based Fellowship for Senior Nursing Students
Authors: Moran Vicki , Hansen Rose , Schweiss Deidre 
Published: August 2018

Background:
A partnership between four academic sites and one practice site was created to address a gap in baccalaureate nursing education resulting from the lack of pediatric and critical clinical experience. Four schools of nursing (SONs) were invited to recruit senior-level nursing students to participate in a critical care fellowship opportunity during their senior synthesis courses.

Method:
In a mixed-method evaluation, data were collected through three questionnaires.

Results:
The findings indicated that the students increased their knowledge and ability in caring for critical pediatric patients. The difference in clinical hours by the SONs did not reveal significant mean differences across measures of self-efficacy, clinical knowledge, or clinical confidence.

Conclusion:

The critical care hospital-based fellowship can be used as a partnership between a hospital and SONs to expose prelicensure students to clinical experiences and education related to pediatric critical care to decrease nursing shortages in these specialty areas. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(8):469–475.]
Satisfactory Completion of End-of-Course Outcomes Using Simulation
Authors: Bussard Michelle E. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Simulation is replacing clinical hours in prelicensure nursing programs, and students must be evaluated to ensure that the end-of-course outcomes are met. The purpose of this study was to identify what an average score (or cutoff score) for high-fidelity simulation is for successful and satisfactory completion of end-of-course outcomes in a medical–surgical nursing course using the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric.

Method:
A retrospective, descriptive, quantitative study was performed using a convenience sample of 143 RN diploma nursing students. Data were collected from 2013 to 2017.

Results:
A cutoff score of 28 was identified indicating satisfactory and successful completion of end-of-course outcomes in a medical–surgical nursing course.

Conclusion:

Ensuring that students meet end-of-course outcomes and participating in simulated patient scenarios is essential in meeting board of nursing regulations. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(8):489–492.]
Implementation of Electronic Objective Structured Clinical Examination Evaluation in a Nurse Practitioner Program
Authors: Luimes Janet D. , Labrecque Mary Ellen 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a valuable, yet resource-intensive method for evaluating clinical competence of students in health disciplines. Electronic OSCE (eOSCE) management programs have the potential to support evaluative efficiency and objectivity of OSCEs.

Method:
The processes for selecting, implementing, and evaluating use of an eOSCE management system in a Master of Nursing Primary Health Care Nurse Practitioner program are described.

Results:
Tailored selection and implementation of an eOSCE management system to fit program needs and available resources facilitated optimal use of eOSCE, promoting grading efficiency, ability to provide prompt feedback to students, and examiner objectivity. These advantages were found to outweigh the disadvantages of extra time and effort to initially learn the eOSCE program.

Conclusion:

A program-centered approach to implementation of an eOSCE management system supports high-quality, efficient assessment of student clinical competencies. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(8):502–505.]
De la théorie et de l’esthétique musicales
Authors: Feneyrou Laurent 
Published: August 2018

Constatant de larges scansions dans l’évolution des discours sur la musique, l’article tente une synthèse historique des notions de théorie et d’esthétique musicales. Il revient sur l’hésitation terminologique de la première entre scientia et theoria, sur sa normativité, sur sa relation à l’œuvre et sur l’évolution de ses objets, qui suscitent une mobilité constitutive de la discipline. Quant à la seconde, sont abordés son émergence à l’âge baroque, sa transformation sous l’effet des sciences de l’homme et de la société, ainsi que certains de ses thèmes majeurs depuis 1945 : temps musical, étude du signe et de la signification, ontologie analytique de la musique.
La musique antique s’expose au Louvre-Lens
Authors: Emerit Sibylle , Jeammet Violaine 
Published: August 2018

L’exposition « Musiques ! Échos de l’Antiquité » qui vient de s’achever au Louvre-Lens a réuni plus de quatre cents œuvres de grands musées internationaux et a permis, pour la première fois, d’évoquer l’importance que la musique tenait dans quatre aires culturelles majeures qui ont été en contact au cours de leur histoire : l’Orient, l’Égypte, la Grèce et Rome. Il s’agissait ainsi de faire découvrir la richesse des patrimoines sonores antiques, leur réception dans l’imaginaire occidental et de proposer un état de la recherche. L’apport de cette exposition est remis en perspective avec des expériences muséographiques antérieures et dans le cadre d’un champ disciplinaire émergeant qu’est l’anthropologie sonore appliquée à l’Antiquité.
Le laboratoire CNRS de photobiologie de Gif-sur-Yvette (1957-1967). Espoir et déception pour la génétique française
Authors: Carton Yves 
Published: August 2018

La recherche scientifique est aussi faite d’insuccès. Prenons l’exemple du laboratoire du professeur J. Benoit qui, en 1956, annonce un résultat surprenant : de jeunes canards Pékin ayant de l’ADN de canards Khaki présentent, adultes, des modifications variées transmises à leur descendance. Cette annonce fait sensation. Le CNRS est amené à créer un laboratoire mais ces résultats ne seront jamais reproduits. L’article analyse publications, documents scientifiques, revue de presse ainsi que les procès-verbaux des décisions pour comprendre pourquoi il fallait ouvrir ce laboratoire… et le fermer dix ans plus tard.
Une renaissance de l’examen clinique : l’échostéthoscopie
Authors: Elezi Arben 
Published: August 2018

Inventé en 1816 par Laennec pour introduire, dans l’auscultation, un écran pudique entre lui et sa patiente, le stéthoscope se révéla un véritable outil diagnostique constituant un tournant de l’examen clinique : des bruits renforcés et transmis à l’oreille du médecin deviennent signes de la maladie. Deux siècles plus tard, grâce aux progrès technologiques, c’est l’œil du clinicien qui se voit désormais autorisé, de façon immédiate, à pénétrer le corps, à y mener l’enquête. L’échostéthoscopie est le nom de cette échographie réalisée par le clinicien « au chevet du malade » à l’aide d’un outil ultra-portable.
Virtual Sense of Community in a World of Warcraft® Storytelling Open Forum Thread
Authors: Gui Dean Anthony Fabi 
Published: August 2018

World of Warcraft® (WoW), a massive multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) extends to its members a virtual landscape of live gaming opportunities through such platforms as “dice” rolled character stats, open-ended story development, and interactive AI. These affordances are underpinned by a kind of virtual sense of community bringing players together in order to develop relationships and the self, adventure together, build up wealth, and overcome obstacles in order to complete quests. In addition to live game-play (or “in-world”) communities, WoW residents create alternative communities through rich online forums—here, new members are recruited into guilds, disputes are spawned and slayed, and seasoned warriors reminisce over worlds and lives that once- were. However, a third type of community is also evident through particular threads crafted within forums specifically for collaborative storytelling (or roleplaying). This paper examines sense of community—a sense of “belonging to, importance of, and identification with a community”—through one particular thread, “The Darkening Grove Tavern” under the forum World’s End Tavern using an adaptation of McMillan and Chavis’ theory and Boellstorff, Nardi, Pearce & Taylor’s ethnographic data collection methodology for qualitative analysis of virtual worlds . Findings from players’ story text (or “turns”) suggest that online storytelling forum threads exhibit a linguistically and semiotically branded sense of virtual community.
Second Life and Academia – Reframing the Debate between Supporters and Critics
Authors: Herold David Kurt 
Published: August 2018

The introduction of new ICTs in education is usually discussed in terms of the many benefits new technologies offer, or of the negative impact they might have on the lives of their users. Focusing on the introduction of the 3D online world "Second Life" into higher education, this article shows how such discourses lead to an impasse between the advocates and the critics of new ICTs in education. To break the impasse, and to understand the impact of Second Life, or other ICTs, on education, requires a far more differentiated approach than the discourses around Second Life have shown so far. Based on the experiences of the author in creating a virtual campus for the Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Second Life, the article advocates a shift in focus from the discussion of powerful ICTs and their impact on largely passive users, to the study of active individuals, and the ways in which they integrate new ICTs into their pre-existing social and technological practices.
Arbeit, Identität und Leben in Biographien barocker Autoren. Adam Olearius und Johann Christian GüntherTrabajo, identidad y vida en las biografías de escritores barrocos: Adam Olearius y Johann Christian Günther
Authors: Fathy Hebatallah 
Published: August 2018

En las dos novelas autobiográficas Ein turbulentes Leben. Adam Olearius. Gottorfer Hofgelehrter (2011) de Erich Maletzke, sobre el erudito y poeta del barroco Adam Olearius (1599-1671), y Schönheit der Verwilderung (2002, primera edición 1987) de Henning Boëtius, sobre la vida del poeta Johann Christian Günther (1695-1723), las categorías de trabajo y falta del trabajo caracte-rizan la representación de un discurso vital e identitario adoptando la forma literaria de una biografía. Este estudio trata de analizar las razones por las que vidas tan dispares –que en el sentido del barroco pueden clasificarse de exitosa y fracasada– sean de interés para biografías contemporáneas y cómo las categorías de trabajo y falta de trabajo, en el sentido de una búsqueda fracasada de un mecenas, influyen en la construcción de la identidad y su representación en las novelas biográficas.
Assessing the Reality of Special Education Centers Management in the Light of the Learning Organization Approach in the Provence of South Jordan
Authors: Bairat Mohammad , Waswas Dima 
Published: August 2018

This study aimed at assessing the reality of special education centers management in the light of the learning organization approach through the perspective of its staff and recognizing the effect of some variables in the responses of the sample’s members. To realize this purpose, the descriptive approach was used through collecting and analyzing the data of this problem by using a scale to assess the reality of special education centers management after being developed by the two researchers and divided into four domains.The sample consisted of (177) workers in special education centers: (52) administrators and (125) teachers. The results indicated that the private education centers management practices the domains of the learning organization with high estimation level as the first rank was taken by the domain of organizational structure flexibility and the domain of work teams. The third rank was occupied by the domain of knowledge management while the domain of sustained education took the fourth rank. The results also revealed the absence of statistically significant effect for the responses of the sample’s members due to the impact of gender variable, the presence of an effect of the work capacity for the work capacity variable in favor of the administrators, the presence of an effect for the years of experience variable in favor of the category of experience for more than 10 years and the presence of an effect of the academic qualification variable in favor of post graduate studies.
A prospective open‐label trial of a CBD/THC cannabis oil in dravet syndrome
Authors: McCoy Bláthnaid , Wang Laura , Zak Maria , Al‐Mehmadi Sameer , Kabir Nadia , Alhadid Kenda , McDonald Kyla , Zhang Grace , Sharma Rohit , Whitney Robyn , Sinopoli Katia , Snead O. Carter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionBoth Δ9 Tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) components of cannabis, have been shown to have anticonvulsant effects. Cannabis oils are used to treat seizures in drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). Recent trials provide data on dosing, side effects, and efficacy of CBD, yet there is a paucity of information on THC in epilepsy. Primary objective was to establish dosing and tolerability of TIL‐TC150 ‐ a cannabis plant extract produced by Tilray®, containing 100 mg/mL CBD and 2 mg/mL THC‐ in children with Dravet syndrome. Secondary objectives were to assess impact of therapy on seizures, electroencephalogram (EEG) and quality of life.MethodsTwenty children received add‐on therapy with TIL‐TC150. The dose ranged from 2 to 16 mg/kg/day of CBD and 0.04 to 0.32 mg/kg/day of THC. Patients were monitored for tolerability and adverse events, and secondary objectives.ResultsNineteen participants completed the 20‐week intervention. Mean dose achieved was 13.3 mg/kg/day of CBD (range 7–16 mg/kg/day) and 0.27 mg/kg/day of THC (range 0.14–0.32 mg/kg/day). Adverse events, common during titration included somnolence, anorexia, and diarrhea. Abnormalities of liver transaminases and platelets were observed with concomitant valproic acid therapy. There was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life, reduction in EEG spike activity, and median motor seizure reduction of 70.6%, with 50% responder rate of 63%.ConclusionsTIL‐TC150 was safe and well tolerated in our subjects. TIL‐TC150 treatment resulted in a reduction in seizure counts, spike index on EEG, and improved quality of life measures. This study provides safety and dosing information for THC‐containing cannabinoid preparations.
Gas Therapy: An Emerging “Green” Strategy for Anticancer Therapeutics
Authors: Jin Qiao , Deng Yongyan , Jia Fan , Tang Zhe , Ji Jian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs an emerging area, gas therapy has attracted more and more attention in treating many diseases including cancer. The fabrication of stimuli‐responsive delivery systems with on‐demand release behavior is very promising for precision gas therapy, which can obtain optimal therapeutic performance without gas poisoning risks. In this review, the authors introduce the recent progress in the preparation of different kinds of gas carriers for efficient delivery of gaseous molecules (NO, H2S, CO, O2). Particularly, in order to achieve targeted accumulation of gaseous molecules in tumor tissues, gaseous molecules–integrated nanoparticles were constructed. Most importantly, by combination of gas therapy with other therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and radiotherapy, various multifunctional nanocarriers have been designed for synergistic cancer therapy. Especially, the recent developments of multifunctional gas‐carrying nanocarriers for synergistic cancer therapy are discussed in detail.
Recycled moulded polyimide materials obtained by high‐energy ball milling
Authors: Olifirov Leonid K. , Kaloshkin Sergei D. , Zadorozhnyy Michail Yu , Zadorozhnyy Vladislav Yu , Tcherdyntsev Viktor V. , Danilov Vladimir D. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis article presents a method of manufacturing moulding polyimide (PI) from recycling pyromellitic dianhydride‐4,4′oxydianiline PI films. Recycled PI powders were obtained by grinding PI films in high‐energy ball mill. In order to improve the sintering behavior of the recycled PI, a commercial PI powder (trade mark PM‐69) and a liquid PI resin (trade mark SP‐97) were chosen as modifying additions. PI/PM‐69 and PI/SP‐97 compositions were obtained by high‐energy ball mill. Bulk samples were obtained by compression moulding at 400 °C. The mechanical properties of the moulded PI and the reinforcing action of the PM‐69 and SP‐97 are strongly dependent on the mean size of the recycled PI powders. The flexural strength of 87 MPa and the deformation at failure −4.2% were achieved for the moulded PI/SP‐97 (10 wt %) samples. The resulting materials showed linear behavior of elastic modulus in a temperature range of 50–350 °C. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46733.