bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Geometric Variability on Running Shape and Performance of a Transonic Fan
Authors: Lu Yaozhi , Green Jeff , Stapelfeldt Sina C. , Vahdati Mehdi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Due to imperfection in the manufacturing process and in-service wear, fan blades in a turbofan engine do not have the same geometry. This lack of symmetry inevitably leads to difficulties in predicting the fan blades' running geometry in an assembly as blade variability is amplified by the aerodynamic and centrifugal loading. This variability can lead to an aeromechanical phenomenon termed “alternate passage divergence” (APD). As the name suggests, it manifests itself as alternating geometric and aerodynamic patterns in a fan assembly during operation. APD can potentially influence the fan performance, the stability, and the multiple pure tone (MPT)/“Buzz-Saw” noise and is therefore an important area of research. For this study, the APD phenomenon is purposely triggered on a transonic fan blade. A full-assembly computational domain with one mis-staggered blade is used to examine the whole assembly performance and the untwist behavior with APD. In particular, the influence of fan blade stiffness on the APD behavior is examined. The behavior of the current blade is compared with that of a blade used in a precursor study, and it is found that, under certain conditions, the blades show similar behavior even though they have distinctly different geometry features. This illustrates that it is important to understand the phenomenon as the accurate prediction of running geometry is vital at early design stage.
Increasing Revenue of Nuclear Power Plants With Thermal Storage
Authors: Borowiec Katarzyna , Wysocki Aaron , Shaner Samuel , Greenwood Michael S. , Ellis Matthew 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroducing large amounts of electricity produced from variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar decreases wholesale electricity price while increasing the volatility of the market. These conditions drive the need for peak-load power generation, while regulation requirements fuel the push for flexible power generation. The increase of variable renewable energy in the market share, along with falling natural gas prices, makes nuclear power plants less competitive. Thermal storage is being considered to increase the nuclear power plant revenue. Thermal storage increases the flexibility of the nuclear plant system without sacrificing its efficiency. There are multiple opportunities to increase the nuclear power plant revenue, including increased capacity payments, arbitrage, and ancillary services. An economic analysis was performed to investigate the revenue increase of the system with thermal storage. The investment cost was assessed, and net present value was evaluated for the considered scenarios. Two system designs were considered in the analysis: a thermal storage system using the existing power conversion infrastructure and an integrated design with thermal storage fully incorporated into the reactor system design. The preliminary analysis showed that introducing a thermal storage system is profitable for some scenarios considered. Profitability depends significantly on the storage size, output flexibility, share of variable renewable energy, and market characteristics.
Banging the same old colonial drum? Moving from individualising practices and cultural appropriation to the ethical application of alternative practices in social work
Authors: Curtis Canice , Morley Christine 
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION: Western conceptualisations of social work are increasingly interestedin practices considered to be alternative or non-traditional to respond to oppression. While incorporating alternative methods into social work is frequently viewed as unproblematic, we suggest critical reflection is necessary to safeguard against inadvertent, culturally unsafe practice and the uncritical re-inscription of individualised solutions.APPROACH: In this article, we explore the application of group drumming practices within social work through examination of a critical incident. While the benefits of group drumming are well documented, we use critical reflection to explore ethical challenges of incorporating group drumming practices into social work.CONCLUSIONS: We highlight strategies for social workers using alternative or non- traditional practices that support cultural humility and critical practice goals. This research holds implications for social workers interested in the potential of alternative practices while remaining committed to critical practice and cultural safety.
An invisible population—Young carers in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Hanna Sue , Chisnell Charlotte 
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION: This paper discusses the situation of young carers, a population of children, young people and young adults who have received little attention in Aotearoa New Zealand social policy, social work practice and research.METHOD: The authors draw attention to the status and needs of this group through a review of literature and through their reflections, as two English-registered social workers, on practice with young carers in the United Kingdom.FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS: The paper argues that young carers are a vulnerable, invisible group who require recognition and respect. Using a children’s rights framework,it is suggested that more attention should be given by social workers to understanding the complexity of this role, and the rights of young carers as children under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Using Music-Based Cadence Entrainment to Manipulate Walking Intensity
Authors: Perry Dylan C. , Moore Christopher C. , Sands Colleen J. , Aguiar Elroy J. , Gould Zachary R. , Tudor-Locke Catrine , Ducharme Scott W. 
Published: September 2019

Background: While previous studies indicate an auditory metronome can entrain cadence (in steps per minute), music may also evoke prescribed cadences and metabolic intensities. Purpose: To determine how modulating the tempo of a single commercial song influences adults’ ability to entrain foot strikes while walking and how this entrainment affects metabolic intensity. Methods: Twenty healthy adults (10 men and 10 women; mean [SD]: age 23.7 [2.7] y, height 172.8 [9.0] cm, mass 71.5 [16.2] kg) walked overground on a large circular pathway for six 5-min conditions; 3 self-selected speeds (slow, normal, and fast); and 3 trials listening to a song with its tempo modulated to 80, 100, and 125 beats per minute. During music trials, participants were instructed to synchronize their step timing with the music tempo. Cadence was measured via direct observation, and metabolic intensity (metabolic equivalents) was assessed using indirect calorimetry. Results: Participants entrained their cadences to the music tempos (mean absolute percentage error = 5.3% [5.8%]). Entraining to a music tempo of 100 beats per minute yielded ≥3 metabolic equivalents in 90% of participants. Trials with music entrainment exhibited greater metabolic intensity compared with self-paced trials (repeated-measures analysis of variance, F1,19 = 8.05, P = .01). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential for using music to evoke predictable metabolic intensities.
Knowing What They Know: An Analysis of Senior Student Affairs Administrators’ Knowledge of NIRSA
Authors: Mowery Rebecca J. 
Published: September 2019

Many campus recreational sports and intramural sports personnel are identified as members of the student affairs staff. It is not uncommon, therefore, for the Senior Student Affairs Administrator to be charged with communicating the importance/mission of campus intramural, club and recreational sports programs to campus administrators, trustees, budgeting committees, advisory boards and other key constituents. Consequently it is important that the Senior Student Affairs Administrator is knowledgeable enough to clearly convey the benefits of professionally administered campus intramural, club and recreational sports programs as well as demonstrate an appreciation of the vast professional matters for which recreational sports administrators are responsible. NIRSA Research Grant supported study was designed as a qualitative and descriptive investigation of Senior Student Affairs Administrators’ awareness and knowledge of NIRSA and related issues. The purpose of this study is three-fold: 1. To assess Senior Student Affairs Administrators’ knowledge of NIRSA, the Certified Recreational Sports Specialist (CRSS) program, and intramural, club and recreational sports programs. 2. To analyze the degree to which their professional and continuing education included course work and information related to intramural, club and recreational sports. 3. To explore strategies for expanding the exposure of current and future Senior Student Affairs Administrators to NIRSA.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults
Authors: Nam Hannah H , Ison Michael G 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTHuman respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) belongs to the recently definedPneumoviridaefamily, Orthopneumovirus genus. It is a negative sense, single stranded RNA virus that results in epidemics of respiratory infections that typically peak in the winter in temperate climates and during the rainy season in tropical climates. Generally, one of the two genotypes (A and B) predominates in a single season, alternating annually, although regional variation occurs. RSV is a cause of disease and death in children, older people, and immunocompromised patients, and its clinical effect on adults admitted to hospital is clarified with expanded use of multiplex molecular assays. Among adults, RSV produces a wide range of clinical symptoms including upper respiratory tract infections, severe lower respiratory tract infections, and exacerbations of underlying disease. Here we discuss the latest evidence on the burden of RSV related disease in adults, especially in those with immunocompromise or other comorbidities. We review current therapeutic and prevention options, as well as those in development.
Effects of health status on work exit and absenteeism among the older working population in China: a secondary analysis of a cohort sample
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Wei , Sun Huiying , Anis Aslam H 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo analyse the effects of health status on work exit and absenteeism among the older working population in China.DesignSecondary analysis of a cohort sample.Setting and participantsCommunity samples who engaged in either agricultural or non-agriculture work or both in the 2011 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and whose age was 45–55 years for women or 45–60 years for men in the 2013 wave.Outcome measuresWork exit and number of absent workdays due to health problems in 2013. To address the problems of measurement error of self-rated health status, we used disability condition, number of chronic diseases and functional limitation to construct an index of health. We divided the sample into four groups according to gender and work types (farmers who conducted any agricultural work in 2011 vs non-farmers who conducted non-agricultural work only) and conducted analyses separately.ResultsFarmers (11.0% for women and 4.9% for men) were less likely to exit from work than non-farmers (18.5% and 12.0%, respectively) but took more absent workdays (16.6 days for women and 15.0 days for men) than non-farmers (5.6 and 4.9). Poor health status in 2011 was significantly associated with the work exit in 2013 of female and male farmers but not non-farmers. Older workers (except female non-farmers) with persistently poor health or recent health deterioration over time were significantly more likely to stop working or missed more workdays than those with persistently good health.ConclusionsPoor 2-year lagged health predicts work exit for both male and female farmers, and increases the absent work days in all older working population. Persistently poor health or recent health deterioration over time has detrimental impact on labour market in terms of work exit and absenteeism among all older Chinese workers except for female non-farmers.
Impact of gestational age on child intelligence, attention and executive function at age 5: a cohort study
Authors: Sejer Emilie Pi Fogtmann , Bruun Frederik Jager , Slavensky Julie Anna , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Schiøler Kesmodel Ulrik 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesPreterm birth can affect cognition, but other factors including parental education and intelligence may also play a role, but few studies have adjusted for these potential confounders. We aimed to assess the impact of gestational age (GA), late preterm birth (34 to <37 weeks GA) and very to moderately preterm birth (<34 weeks GA) on intelligence, attention and executive function in a population of Danish children aged 5 years.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingDenmark 2003–2008.ParticipantsA cohort of 1776 children and their mothers sampled from the Danish National Birth Cohort with information on GA, family and background factors and completed neuropsychological assessment at age 5.Primary outcome measuresWechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised, Test of Everyday Attention for Children at Five and Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function scores.ResultsFor preterm birth <34 weeks GA (n=8), the mean difference in full-scale intelligence quotient(IQ) was −10.6 points (95% CI −19.4 to −1.8) when compared with the term group ≥37 weeks GA (n=1728), and adjusted for potential confounders. For the teacher-assessed Global Executive Composite, the mean difference was 5.3 points (95% CI 2.4 to 8.3) in the adjusted analysis, indicating more executive function difficulties in the preterm group <34 weeks GA compared with the term group. Maternal intelligence and parental education were weak confounders. No associations between late preterm birth 34 to <37 weeks GA (n=40) and poor cognition were shown.ConclusionsThis study showed substantially lower intelligence and poorer executive function in children born <34 weeks GA compared with children born at term. GA may play an important role in determining cognitive abilities independent of maternal intelligence and parental education. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings, as the proportion of children born preterm in this study population was small.
Can we normalise developmentally appropriate health care for young people in UK hospital settings? An ethnographic study
Authors: Rapley Tim , Farre Albert , Parr Jeremy R , Wood Victoria J , Reape Debbie , Dovey-Pearce Gail , McDonagh Janet 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe WHO has argued that adolescent-responsive health systems are required. Developmentally appropriate healthcare (DAH) for young people is one approach that could underpin this move. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for DAH to become normalised, to become a routine, taken-for-granted, element of clinical practice.DesignQualitative ethnographic study. Analyses were based on procedures from first-generation grounded theory and theoretically informed by normalisation process theory.SettingTwo tertiary and one secondary care hospital in England.Participants192 participants, health professionals (n=121) and managers (n=71) were recruited between June 2013 and January 2015. Approximately 1600 hours of non-participant observations in clinics, wards and meeting rooms were conducted, alongside 65 formal qualitative interviews.ResultsWe observed diverse values and commitments towards the care of young people and provision of DAH, including a distributed network of young person-orientated practitioners. Informal networks of trust existed, where specific people, teams or wards were understood to have the right skill-mix, or mindset, or access to resources, to work effectively with young people. As young people move through an organisation, the preference is to direct them to other young person-orientated practitioners, so inequities in skills and experience can be self-sustaining. At two sites, initiatives around adolescent and young adult training remained mostly within these informal networks of trust. At another, through support by wider management, we observed a programme that sought to make the young people’s healthcare visible across the organisation, and to get people to reappraise values and commitment.ConclusionTo move towards normalisation of DAH within an organisation, we cannot solely rely on informal networks and cultures of young person-orientated training, practice and mutual referral and support. Organisation-wide strategies and training are needed, to enable better integration and consistency of health services for all young people.
Development of core outcome sets for vision screening and assessment in stroke: a Delphi and consensus study
Authors: Rowe Fiona J , Hepworth Lauren R , Kirkham Jamie J 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesVisual impairment following stroke is common with a reported incidence of visual impairment in 60% of stroke survivors. Screening for visual impairment is neither routine nor standardised. This results in a health inequality where some stroke survivors receive comprehensive vision assessment to identify any existent visual problems while others receive no vision assessment leaving them with unmet needs from undiagnosed visual problems. The aim of this study was to define two core outcome sets (COS), one for vision screening and one for full visual assessment of stroke survivors.DesignA list of potentially relevant visual assessments was created from a review of the literature. The consensus process consisted of an online 3-round Delphi survey followed by a consensus meeting of the key stakeholders.ParticipantsStakeholders included orthoptists, occupational therapists, ophthalmologists, stroke survivors and COS users such as researchers, journal editors and guideline developers.SettingUniversity.Outcome measuresCOS.ResultsFollowing the consensus process we recommend the following nine assessments for vision screening: case history, clinical observations of visual signs, visual acuity, eye alignment position, eye movement assessment, visual field assessment, visual neglect assessment, functional vision assessment and reading assessment. We recommend the following 11 assessments for full vision assessment: case history, observations, visual acuity, eye alignment position, eye movement assessment, binocular vision assessment, eye position measurement, visual field assessment, visual neglect assessment, functional vision assessment, reading assessment and quality of life questionnaires.ConclusionsCOS are defined for vision screening and full vision assessment for stroke survivors. There is potential for their use in reducing heterogeneity in routine clinical practice and for improving standardisation and accuracy of vision assessment. Future research is required to evaluate the use of these COS and for further exploration of core outcome measures.
Effect of prepregnancy maternal BMI on adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: results from a retrospective cohort study of a multiethnic population in Qatar
Authors: Shaukat Shazia , Nur Ula 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundGiven the small number of studies on the topic, we aimed to identify the impact of prepregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) on adverse pregnancy outcomes (POs) in a low-risk, multiethnic population, and to calculate related population attributable fractions (PAFs).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 1134 nulliparous women of 50 nationalities (classified into Arab and non-Arab ethnicity) in Qatar who had their first antenatal visit at a Primary Healthcare Corporation (PHCC) facility in June 2016–March 2017 and their PO at a Hamad Medical Corporation facility before 10 November 2017. We used multiple imputation to handle missing values and multivariate logistic regression to calculate adjusted ORs (aORs) for adverse POs in overweight and women with obesity.ResultsOverweight Arab women and women with obesity were at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (aOR=2.38, 95% CI 1.51 to 3.84) and caesarean section (aOR=1.57, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.48). Non-Arab women with obesity were at high risk for pre-eclampsia (aOR=3.83, 95% CI 1.00 to 15.00). PAFs showed that 41.63% of pre-eclampsia, 17.36% of pregnancy-induced hypertension, 17.17% of large for gestational age, 15.89% of preterm deliveries, 14.75% of GDM and 13.99% of caesarean sections could be avoided if all mothers had normal prepregnancy BMI. There were no major differences in PAFs by ethnicity.ConclusionAdverse POs were attributable to maternal obesity. This suggests that, in contrast to existing PHCC protocol, overweight and women with obesity in Qatar should be targeted earlier in their pregnancy; preferably prior to getting pregnant. We observed ethnic differences in the risk of adverse POs.
Standardised mortality ratios as a user-friendly performance metric and trigger for quality improvement in a Flemish hospital network: multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Tambeur Wim , Stijnen Pieter , Vanden Boer Guy , Maertens Pieter , Weltens Caroline , Rademakers Frank , De Ridder Dirk , Vanhaecht Kris , Bruyneel Luk 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo illustrate the development and use of standardised mortality rates (SMRs) as a trigger for quality improvement in a network of 27 hospitals.DesignThis research was a retrospective observational study. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. SMRs were calculated for All Patient Refined—Diagnosis-Related Groups (APR-DRGs) that reflect 80% of the Flemish hospital network mortality. Hospital mortality was modelled using logistic regression. The metrics were communicated to the member hospitals using a custom-made R-Shiny web application showing results at the level of the hospital, patient groups and individual patients. Experiences with the metric and strategies for improvement were shared in chief medical officer meetings organised by the Flemish hospital network.Setting27 Belgian hospitals.Participants1 198 717 hospital admissions for registration years 2009–2016.ResultsPatient gender, age, comorbidity as well as admission source and type were important predictors of mortality. Altogether the SMR models had a C-statistic of 88%, indicating good discriminatory capability. Seven out of ten APR-DRGs with the highest percentage of hospitals statistically significantly deviating from the benchmark involved malignancy. The custom-built web application and the trusted environment of the Flemish hospital network created an interoperable strategy to get to work with SMR findings. Use of the web application increased over time, with peaks before and after key discussion meetings within the Flemish hospital network. A concomitant reduction in crude mortality for the selected APR-DRGs from 6.7% in 2009 to 5.9% in 2016 was observed.ConclusionsThis study reported on the phased approach for introducing SMR reporting to trigger quality improvement. Prerequisites for the successful use of quality metrics in hospital benchmarks are a collaborative approach based on trust among the participants and a reporting platform that allows stakeholders to interpret and analyse the results at multiple levels.