bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the Reparability of Rotator Cuff Tears: Machine Learning and Comparison With Previous Scoring Systems
Authors: Do Woo-Sung , Shin Seung-Hwan , Lim Joon-Ryul , Yoon Tae-Hwan , Chun Yong-Min 
Published: November 2024

Background: Repair of rotator cuff tear is not always feasible, depending on the severity. Although several studies have investigated factors related to reparability and various methods to predict it, inconsistent scoring methods and a lack of validation have hindered the utility of these methods. Purpose: To develop machine learning models to predict the reparability of rotator cuff tears, compare them with previous scoring systems, and provide an accessible online model. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs for tears with both anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters >1 cm on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging were included and divided into a training set (70%) and an internal validation set (30%). For external validation, rotator cuff repairs performed by 2 different surgeons were included in a test set. Machine learning models and a newly adjusted scoring system were developed using the training set. The performance of the models including the adjusted scoring system and 2 previous scoring systems were compared using the test set. The performance was assessed using metrics such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and compared using the net reclassification improvement based on the adjusted scoring system. Results: A total of 429 patients were included for the training and internal validation set, and 112 patients were included for the test set. An elastic-net logistic regression demonstrated the best performance, with an AUROC of 0.847 and net reclassification improvement of 0.071, compared with the adjusted scoring system in the test set. The AUROC of the adjusted scoring system was 0.786, and the AUROCs of the previous scoring systems were 0.757 and 0.687. The elastic-net logistic regression was transformed into an accessible online model. Conclusion: The performance of the machine learning model, which provides a probability estimation for rotator cuff reparability, is comparable with that of the adjusted scoring system. Nevertheless, when deploying prediction models beyond the original cohort, regardless of whether they rely on machine learning or scoring systems, clinicians should exercise caution and not rely solely on the output of the model.
Roles of DNMT3B and PARP1 Genes Expression in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Mahmoud Hager A , Botros Shahira KA , Fouad Abdelhamid Mohamed , Kamel Mahmoud M , Abdel Aziz Rania S 
Published: November 2024

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a heterogeneous molecular profile, clinical presentations, and response to treatments and outcomes. DNA methylation is conducted by DNA methyltransferases including DNMT3B. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 belongs to a family of enzymes that mediate important cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription, and cell death/cell proliferation, and it is involved in the development, spread, treatment, and prognosis of some cancers. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of PARP1 and DNMT3B genes expression on laboratory characteristics, response to treatment and survival in Egyptian cytogenetically normal AML patients. Methods: This study included 67 Egyptian CN-AML patients in addition to 8 healthy bone marrow donors. Measurement of DNMT3B and PARP1 gene expression was done on bone marrow samples via real-time semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Result: Expression of both DNMT3B and PARP1 genes was significantly upregulated in AML ( P = .001, P = .036, respectively). Upregulated DNMT3B was associated with higher total leukocyte count (TLC), PB, and BM blast cell%. Also, upregulated PARP1 correlated with higher TLC, PB, and BM blast cell%. High expression of both DNMT3B and PARP1 correlated with greater frequencies of FLT3-ITD. High DNMT3B expression, and combined upregulation of both PARP1 and DNMT3B genes associated significantly with ELN stratification. But no correlation was found with response (CR), overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), or event-free survival (EFS). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of considering DNMT3B and PARP1 expression levels as potential prognostic biomarkers for progression and aggressiveness of CN-AML patients in AML. Assessing their expression levels could be an indicator to guide treatment decisions and potentially improve patient outcomes.
HIV-hypertension treatment outcomes among adults on antiretroviral therapy in two states in Northern and Southern Nigeria: a cross-sectional design approach
Authors: Ajayi Oluseye Ayodele , Babatunde Deborah , Ajayi Oluwaseun Kikelomo , Ojo Temitope Olumuyiwa , Okonkwo Prosper 
Published: November 2024

Background:The combined effect of the aging human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population, HIV’s natural progression, and HIV drugs have great implications for comorbidity burden and hypertension control among people living with HIV (PLHIV).Objectives:This study assessed hypertension burden, treatment outcomes, and treatment outcome predictors among PLHIV in Nigeria.Design:Cross-sectional design.Methods:A cross-sectional study of 2613 adult PLHIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) between 2004 and 2020 in two HIV clinics in Northern and Southern Nigeria. Study outcomes were: (1) controlled blood pressure defined as two consecutive blood pressure (BP) measurements of <140/90 mmHg (Joint National Committee guideline (JNC) 7) on the interview day in previously diagnosed hypertensive participants; and (2) HIV viral suppression defined as recent viral load count of <1000 copies/ml in a hypertensive participant. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences IBM version 23. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to ascertain factors associated with the study outcomes at p < 0.05.Result:The mean age of respondents at the point of the study was 45.3 ± 9.8 years. Most of the participants were female, 1940 (74.2%), on a dolutegravir-based therapy, 2433 (93.2%). About 452 (17.3%) of the participants had clinically diagnosed hypertension. Of those diagnosed hypertensives, 443 (98.0%) were on antihypertensive drugs. About 407 (90.0%) and 229 (51.7%) of the hypertensive PLHIV had HIV viral suppression and controlled hypertension respectively. Factors associated with controlled hypertension were age at ART initiation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.98), use of thiazide only antihypertensive (AOR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.73–3.24, Ref: calcium channel blocker only) and thiazide-calcium channel blocker combination (AOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.05–4.58). No hypertension comorbidity-related factors were found to be associated with HIV viral suppression.Conclusion:There is suboptimal hypertension control among hypertensive PLHIV especially those on non-thiazide-based antihypertensive drugs. Close monitoring should be given to hypertension management in PLHIV.
Protocol for a Pilot Study on the Neurocardiac Mechanism of an Interoceptive Compassion-Based Heart-Smile Training for Depression
Authors: Kim Eunmi , Joss Diane , Marin Frannie , Anzolin Alessandra , Gawande Richa , Comeau Alexandra , Ellis Seneca , Bumpus Clare , Cahn B. Rael , Kim Misan W. D. , Napadow Vitaly , Schuman-Olivier Zev 
Published: November 2024

Background Heart-Smile Training (HST) is an interoceptive compassion-based behavioral intervention that in case reports has been beneficial for depression. Interoception refers to the awareness and regulation of physiological signals from inside the body. Depressed patients often have diminished interoceptive awareness and often experience disconnection from bodily needs and sensations. In addition to interoceptive dysfunction, depression often involves negative self-evaluation and self-critical rumination. HST is a compassion-based meditation training program that explicitly cultivates interoceptive awareness of the heart area. This study aims to investigate the possible neurocardiac mechanisms engaged through HST for depression patients. Methods We plan to enroll 50 subjects to be randomized into a 4-week HST intervention group and a waitlist group. A battery of psychological questionnaires will be administered at baseline and post-intervention timepoints, and electroencephalography (EEG) will be collected during compassion meditation guided by pre-recorded audio. The primary clinical outcome measures are on the feasibility of the intervention and research procedures, the primary mechanistic outcome measure is the post-intervention change in Heartbeat Evoked Potential (HEP) amplitude. Secondary outcome measures include changes in depression severity and EEG gamma spectral activity. Exploratory outcome measures include effects of HST on skin conductance response, heart rate variability, EEG spectral properties in other frequency bands, as well as a list of psychological questionnaires that measure depression and anxiety symptoms, emotion regulation, mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, self-compassion, gratitude, sleep quality, quality of life and social connectedness. Results Results not yet available. Conclusion This is the first study on the feasibility and interoceptive neurocardiac mechanism of HST. Our findings will provide frontier knowledge on the physiological working mechanism of behavioral interventions with an interoception-based meditative approach. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05564533 .
Intramedullary nail fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation for treatment of adult diaphyseal forearm fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Box McKenna W. , Stegelmann Samuel D. , Domingue Grayson A. , Wells Monica E. , Werthmann Neil J. , Potgieter Cornelis J. , Riehl John T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Diaphyseal radius and ulna fractures require surgical fixation in adults. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) have been considered the gold standard of treatment. The recent development of an interlocking intramedullary nail (IMN) has provided an alternative treatment method for these fractures. The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare the outcomes and complications of IMN versus ORIF for diaphyseal forearm fractures in adults.

Methods
MEDLINE and Embase were searched from January 1, 2000, through January 7, 2024. All English-language studies were included comparing radiographic and functional outcomes for interlocking IMN fixation and ORIF of diaphyseal forearm fractures in adults (age ≥ 18 years). Study demographics, fracture data, functional outcomes, radiographic outcomes, and complications were extracted. Study quality was determined using the ROBINS-I criteria for cohort studies and the Cochrane risk of bias 2.0 (RoB 2) tool for randomized controlled trials. Meta-analysis of included studies used odds ratios and standardized mean difference when appropriate. Data was analyzed using subgroups of all diaphyseal fractures (including isolated radius or ulna fractures) and those with BBFFs.

Results
Nine studies were included for analysis. There were 42 isolated radius, 80 isolated ulna, and 116 both-bone fractures (BBFF) treated with IMN and 36 radius, 81 ulna, and 116 both-bone fractures treated with ORIF. Compared to ORIF, IMN of diaphyseal forearm fractures appeared to be associated with shorter operative times and a lower overall complication rate. Time-to-union and the rate of nonunion following IMN were similar to ORIF. According to the Grace–Eversmann score, functional outcomes tended to be better following IMN, but DASH scores were similar between fixation strategies.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that interlocking IMN can be a safe and effective treatment option for simple and complex diaphyseal forearm fractures in adults. Further high-quality studies are needed to define indications for treating diaphyseal fractures with an interlocking IMN.

Level of Evidence
Therapeutic Level IV.
Natural plant polyphenols contribute to the ecological and healthy swine production
Authors: Mei Huadi , Li Yuanfei , Wu Shusong , He Jianhua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe absence of trace amounts of natural bioactive compounds with important biological activities in traditional dietary models for global farm animals, coupled with an incomplete theoretical system for animal nutrition, has led to unbalanced and inadequate animal nutrition. This deficiency has adversely impacted animal health and the ecological environment, presenting formidable challenges to the advancement of the swine breeding industry in various countries around the world toward high-quality development. Recently, due to the ban of antibiotics for growth promotion in swine diets, botanical active compounds have been extensively investigated as feed additives. Polyphenols represent a broad group of plant secondary metabolites. They are natural, non-toxic, pollution-free, and highly reproducible compounds that have a wide range of physiological functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and metabolic activities. Accordingly, polyphenols have been widely studied and used as feed additives in swine production. This review summarizes the structural characteristics, classification, current application situation, general properties of polyphenols, and the latest research advances on their use in swine production. Additionally, the research and application bottlenecks and future development of plant polyphenols in the animal feed industry are reviewed and prospected. This review aims to stimulate the in-depth study of natural plant polyphenols and the research and development of related products in order to promote the green, healthy, and high-quality development of swine production, while also providing ideas for the innovation and development in the theoretical system of animal nutrition.
Suicidal ideation and thoughts of self-harm during the COVID-19 pandemic among Swedish employees: a cohort study on the role of job instability and job insecurity
Authors: Blomqvist Sandra , Westerlund Hugo , Hanson Linda L. Magnusson 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Suicidal ideation may be a warning sign for suicide and previous work has indicated a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Job loss and job insecurity are potential risk factors for suicidal ideation, but their importance during the pandemic, and the role of organizational changes for suicidal ideation, is unclear. This study examined the association between various experiences associated with job loss and job insecurity during the pandemic and thoughts of suicide/self-harm in Sweden.

Methods
The study sample was drawn from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). Auxiliary data collections in February 2021 and 2022 assessed exposure to job loss/unemployment, furlough, workplace downsizing, or increased job insecurity versus stable employment and thoughts of suicide or self-harm (PHQ-9) during the pandemic. The analyses were based on 1558 individuals (2 349 observations) participating in either or both waves and who had been working before the pandemic. Logistic regression models with cluster-robust standard errors were fitted, including sociodemographic factors and prior mental health problems to control for potential confounding. Measures of personality based on a brief version of the Big-Five personality inventory were also added.

Results
The results indicated an association between all experiences, except furlough, and thoughts of suicide/self-harm, when adjusting for sex, age, civil status, socioeconomic status and prior mental health (job loss odds ratio (OR) = 3.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79–7.63, downsizing OR = 2.41, CI 1.24–4.70, job insecurity OR = 2.77, CI 1.15–6.67). The associations for job loss and insecurity were attenuated by adjustment for personality, although it remained statistically significant for downsizing.

Conclusions
The results suggested a higher risk of suicidal ideation connected with loss of employment and survival of a downsizing, but not a forced reduction in working times/pay during the COVID-19 pandemic. The association for subjective job insecurity was less robust and may be partly explained by personality.
Precursory crater contraction associated with the 2017 eruption of Shinmoe-dake volcano (Japan) detected by PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-1 InSAR
Authors: Himematsu Yuji , Ozawa Taku , Aoki Yosuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe time series of PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-1 images reveal inflation at the volcanic flank and contraction at the crater for approximately 5 months before the 2017 eruption of Shinmoe-dake volcano, Japan. While the observation of inflation at the volcano’s flank is ubiquitous, few studies have reported crater contraction preceding an eruption. The flank inflation stopped after the 2017 eruption, while the contraction at the crater continued until the 2018 eruption. We found that a pipe-shaped deformation source above sea level best fits the observation preceding the 2017 eruption. Suppose the flux of ejected materials constrains the conduit radius during the previous 2011 eruption. In that case, the amount of deformation of the pipe-shaped deformation source, whether open or closed at its top, is too large to be realistic. Although constraining the conduit radius from the eruption flux overestimates the pressure change of the pipe-shaped deformation source, water-saturated fractures along the volcanic conduit could extend the effective conduit radius of the pressure source. We propose one potential scenario for the mechanism of the crater contraction preceding volcanic eruptions based on the combination of compaction due to cooling by ambient groundwater and material withdrawal within the conduit. The groundwater inflows from the ambient aquifer through cracks in the porous conduit wall, which are generated by conduit expansion during the magma ascent. Decoupling from the conduit wall due to a decrease in volume of the material promotes material instability and crater contraction. The interaction between the groundwater and the magma triggers the 2017 eruption of Shinmoe-dake volcano, as previous studies have reported.
Graphical Abstract
Blue light stimulation of the blind spot in human: from melanopsin to clinically relevant biomarkers of myopia
Authors: Amorim-de-Sousa Ana , Chakraborty Ranjay , Collins Michael J. , Fernandes Paulo , González‑Méijome José , Hannibal Jens , Hoseini-Yazdi Hosein , Read Scott A. , Ellrich Jens , Schilling Tim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe protective effects of time spent outdoors emphasize the major role of daylight in myopia. Based on the pathophysiology of myopia, the impact of blue light stimulation on the signaling cascade, from melanopsin at the blind spot to clinically relevant biomarkers for myopia, was investigated. Parameters and site of light stimulation are mainly defined by the photopigment melanopsin, that is sensitive to blue light with a peak wavelength of 480 nm and localized on the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) whose axons converge to the optic disc, corresponding to the physiological blind spot. Blue light at the blind spot (BluSpot) stimulation provides the opportunity to activate the vast majority of ipRGC and avoids additional involvement of rods and cones which may exert incalculable effects on the signaling cascade.Experimental studies have applied anatomical, histochemical, electrophysiological, imaging, and psychophysical methods to unravel the mode of action of BluSpot stimulation. Results indicate activation of melanopsin, improvement of contrast sensitivity, gain in electrical retinal activity, and increase of choroidal thickness following BluSpot stimulation. Short-term changes of clinically relevant biomarkers lead to the hypothesis that BluSpot stimulation may exert antimyopic effects with long-term application.
ICe: interior cevian initialization for enhanced reconstruction methods
Authors: Omara A. N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces two novel self-induced basis strategies, interior cevian initialization for orthogonal matching pursuit (ICe) and its $$l_2$$

l
2

-sense optimized version, optimized interior cevian initialization (OICe). These methods address the complexity and convergence issues of the previously proposed self-inspired bases (SIBS) approach. Both algorithms enhance sparse image representation by generating adaptive auxiliary atoms tailored to the image, thereby improving reconstruction quality and computational efficiency. Experimental results show that ICe achieves up to a 35.6% improvement in Normalized Mean Squared Error (NMSE) and a 16.4% increase in Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) compared to conventional OMP. OICe, as the $$l_2$$

l
2

-sense optimized version of ICe, delivers even greater performance, with improvements of up to 40% in NMSE and 18.5% in SSIM. Additionally, both ICe and OICe significantly reduce bits per pixel (BPP) for image encoding, outperforming SIBS when paired with state-of-the-art dictionaries such as KSVD, MOD, RBDL, and ODL. These results highlight the effectiveness of ICe and OICe in addressing key challenges in sparse representation, offering enhanced accuracy and efficiency across a variety of applications.
A proposal of a simplified grading and echo-based staging of aortic valve stenosis to streamline management
Authors: Kardos Attila , Vannan Mani A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the relevance of continuity equation based aortic valve area (AVA) calculation as a robust parameter suitable for accurate grading of aortic stenosis (AS) irrespective of flow conditions. Combining the AVA-based grading and echocardiography-based staging, can provide with the most comprehensive clinical assessment of patients with AS and preserved left ventricular systolic function to streamline management decisions.