bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study Explores Mechanisms of Surface Damage on Coiled Tubing
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: May 2019

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 194254, “Study on Mechanism of Coiled Tubing Surface Damage in Injector Heads,” by Zhihong Zhou, Guofeng Zhang, Fayong Yuan, Tang Wang, Yunwei Gao, and Weijia Wang, Jianghan Shale Gas Development Technical Service Company, prepared for the 2019 SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition, The Woodlands, Texas, USA, 26–27 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Although several kinds of mechanical damage cause coiled tubing (CT) failure, longitudinal plowing marks (LPMs) account for a large portion of such damage. Understanding the mechanisms of LPM damage on CT surfaces will help reduce the occurrence of this type of damage. In this paper, the authors study the stress status of CT string held by gripper blocks, the axial force distribution of gripper blocks, and the longitudinal resonance of CT strings in vertical wells.
Introduction
The overwhelming majority (greater than 80%) of CT failures have been classified into four categories: corrosion, mechanical damage, string-manufacturing issues, and human error. Of these, failures caused by mechanical damage constitute almost 30% of all CT failures. Further study of these types of mechanical damage reached the following two important conclusions:
LPMs, which are injector-related, account for 46% of mechanical damage observed on CT strings from 2006 to 2017.
Recent periods that have seen dramatic increases in mechanical damage coincide with plug milling and higher-grade-CT operations.
The authors propose that the pressure in the CT string plays a role in mechanical damage.
Contact Status Between CT and Gripper Blocks
The gripper blocks carried by chains are used to hold CT strings in place. The gripper blocks are divided into single-pitch and two-pitch categories. The engagements between the CT string and the gripper blocks are sometimes suboptimal. The contact area between the gripper and CT string is only at the end-point of the arc, and the contact stress is much higher there than at the point at which the gripper blocks grip the original CT string. According to the von Mises yield criterion, if the von Mises stress is larger than the yield stress at any point, the material at that point will yield and plastic strain will be produced.
Distribution of Gripper-Block Lifting Forces in the Injector
Commonly, several pairs of gripper blocks engage the CT string to provide the friction forces needed for deployment and retrieval of the tubing into and out of the wellbore. How the axial loads of these pairs of gripper blocks are distributed is essential to safe operation and avoidance of CT damage.
To obtain the axial load distribution of all pairs of gripper blocks, a mechanical model is created by the authors and discussed in the complete paper.
A data review of airway management in patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer: A single-institution experiences
Authors: Zheng Gang , Feng Lei , Lewis Carol M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer impose significant threat to airway management. Head and neck radiotherapy (HNRT) may further increase the difficulty of tracheal intubation. We hypothesized that a history of HNRT would be associated with a high rate of difficult tracheal intubation.
Methods: Adult patients with a history of HNRT were identified. Non-HNRT controls were case-matched by age, sex and body mass index. The tracheal intubation status between the two patient groups (treated vs. untreated with HNRT) was compared. The t test was used to evaluate differences in continuous variables between the 2 groups. Fisher’s exact test or a chi-square test was used to test for associations between radiation status and patient characteristics that may be associated with difficult tracheal intubation. Odds ratio and its confidence interval were used to assess the effect of radiation status on intubation status.
Results: The final cohort of 472 matched patients in age, sex and body mass index consisted of 236 patients who had HNRT before surgery and 236 who had upfront surgery without HNRT. The percentage of patients who had restricted neck range of motion in the HNRT group was significantly higher than in the control group (22.3% vs. 11.0%; P = 0.001). The proportion of patients with trismus (P = 0.11) or difficult tracheal intubation (p = 0.73) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. 12.7% patients in the study had difficult tracheal intubation. Patients who had mallampati scores of 3 or 4 had significantly higher rate of difficult tracheal intubation than did patients with mallampati scores of 1 or 2 (17.8% vs. 8.7%; p = 0.004). Multivariate logistic regression model showed no difference between HNRT and intubation status after adjusting neck range of motion and mallampati score (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.510 to1.612)
Conclusions: Previous treatment with HNRT was not associated with additional risk of difficult tracheal intubation. Mallampati score may be a sensitive measurement for difficult tracheal intubation in this patient population.
Perioperative anaesthetic management of patients with or at risk of acute distress respiratory syndrome undergoing emergency surgery
Authors: Battaglini Denise , Robba Chiara , Rocco Patricia Rieken Macêdo , De Abreu Marcelo Gama , Pelosi Paolo , Ball Lorenzo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Patients undergoing emergency surgery may present with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or develop this syndrome postoperatively. The incidence of ARDS in the postoperative period is relatively low, but the impact of ARDS on patient outcomes and healthcare costs is relevant [1].
The development of ARDS as a postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) is associated with prolonged hospitalisation, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, increased intensive care unit length of stay and high morbidity and mortality [2]. In order to mitigate the risk of ARDS after surgery, the anaesthetic management and protective mechanical ventilation strategies play an important role. In particular, a careful integration of general anaesthesia with neuraxial or locoregional techniques might promote faster recovery and reduce opioid consumption. In addition, the use of low tidal volume, minimising plateau pressure and titrating a low-moderate PEEP level based on the patient’s need can improve outcome and reduce intraoperative adverse events. Moreover, perioperative management of ARDS patients includes specific anaesthesia and ventilator settings, hemodynamic monitoring, moderately restrictive fluid administration and pain control.
The aim of this review is to provide an overview and evidence- and opinion-based recommendations concerning the management of patients at risk of and with ARDS who undergo emergency surgical procedures.
Assessing the clonal expansion strategy of landscape-forming plants
Authors: Reijers Valerie , Hoeks Selwyn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Vegetated coastal landscapes are often formed by clonally expanding plants. By developing rhizomes or stolons these plants can spread laterally and distribute themselves in space. In this protocol we describe a method for deriving the clonal expanding strategy of dune grasses from still images. First we will discuss a more labour intensive method that requires the excavation and reconstruction of a clonal network. Second, we will discuss a validated automated approach based on two connecting algorithms that allows for a less time-consuming expansion of a dataset.
Evaluating the Cerebrospinal Fluid ctDNA detection by Next-Generation Sequencing in the diagnosis of Meningeal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Zhao Yue , He Jun-Ying , Zou Yue-Li , Guo Xiao-Su , Cui Jun-Zhao , Guo Li , Bu Hui 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) is the most severe form of brain metastasis and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, the diagnosis of MC is routinely confirmed on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms, positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, and/or neuroimaging (contrast-enhanced brain MRI and/or CT) features. However, negative rate of CSF cytology and neuroimaging findings often result in a failure to diagnose MC from the patients who actually have the disease.

Methods

A total of 35 CSF samples were collected from 35 patients with MC for CSF cytology examination, CSF tumor-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) extraction and cancer-associated gene mutations detection by next-generation sequencing (NGS) at the same time.

Results

The most frequent primary tumor in this study was lung cancer (26/35, 74.29%), followed by gastric cancer (2/35, 5.71%), breast cancer (2/35, 5.71%), prostatic cancer (1/35, 2.86%), parotid gland carcinoma (1/35, 2.86%) and lymphoma (1/35, 2.86%) while no primary tumor could be found in the remaining 2 patients in spite of using various inspection methods. Twenty-five CSF samples (25/35; 71.43%) were found neoplastic cells in CSF cytology examination while all of the 35 CSF samples (35/35; 100%) were revealed having detectable ctDNA in which cancer-associated gene mutations were detected. All of 35 patients with MC in the study underwent contrast-enhanced brain MRI and/or CT and 22 neuroimaging features (22/35; 62.86%) were consistent with MC. The sensitivity of the neuroimaging was 88.00% (95% confidence intervals [95% CI], 75.26 to 100) (p=22/25) and 62.86% (95% CI, 46.85 to 78.87) (p=22/35) compared to those of CSF cytology and CSF ctDNA, respectively. The sensitivity of the CSF cytology was 71.43% (95% CI, 56.46 to 86.40) (n=25/35) compared to that of CSF ctDNA.

Conclusions

This study suggests a higher sensitivity of CSF ctDNA than those of CSF cytology and neuroimaging findings. The utilizing CSF ctDNA as liquid biopsy technology for the diagnosis of MC based on the detection of cancer-associated gene mutations in ctDNA from CSF offers an alternative and DNA-based test for the diagnosis of MC, especially for cases with persistently negative CSF cytology and/or negative neuroimaging findings.
Elevated Plasma Interleukin 34 Levels Correlate with Disease Severity-Reflecting Parameters of Patients with Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
Authors: Tang Kang , Zhang Chunmei , Zhang Yusi , Zhang Yun , Du Hong , Jin Boquan , Ma Ying 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is characterised by an uncontrolled cytokine storm that causes vascular leakage and kidney injury. The cytokine interleukin 34 (IL-34) enhances proliferation and differentiation of myeloid cells and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is involved in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, to date, the role of IL-34 in patients with HFRS is unclear. This study aims to detect the plasma IL-34 levels of HFRS patients and discuss the possible effects of IL-34 in the pathogenesis of HFRS.
Methods: IL-34 levels in the plasmas from 52 HFRS patients and 20 healthy controls were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: Compared with healthy controls, the plasma IL-34 levels in HFRS patients were significantly elevated at acute phase [37.92 (10.58-73.86) pg/ml vs. 7.13 (3.99-11.31) pg/ml, p < 0.0001], and then decreased to the normal levels at convalescent phase. Importantly, IL-34 levels positively correlated with white blood cell count and monocyte count (r = 0.503, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.367, p = 0.0003, respectively), and negatively correlated with platelet count and serum albumin levels (r = -0.614, p < 0.0001 and r = -0.598, p = 0.0003, respectively).
Conclusions: IL-34 levels in plasma of HFRS patients were significantly elevated at acute phase and correlated with disease severity-reflecting parameters, which suggests a potential role of IL-34 in the pathogenesis of HFRS and should be future explore.
Comparison of GeneXpert and Line Probe Assay for Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin-Mono resistance at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Kenya
Authors: Aricha S.A. , King'wara Leonard , Mwirigi N.W. , Chaba Linda , Kiptai T. , Wahogo J. , Otwabe J.S , Onyango P.O. , Karanja Muthoni , Ayieko C. , Matu S.W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Introduction

The dual challenge of low diagnostic sensitivity of microscopy test and technical challenge of performing a TB culture test poses a problem for case detection and initiation of Tuberculosis (TB) second-line treatment. There is thus need for a rapid, reliable and easily accessible assay. This comparative analysis was performed to assess diagnostic performance characteristics of GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Line Probe Assay (LPA)

Methods

329 sputum samples of patients across the 47 counties in Kenya suspected to have drug resistant TB were picked and subjected to GeneXpert, LPA and Culture MGIT at the National TB Reference Laboratory. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were then determined to assess the performance characteristics of various assays.

Results

GeneXpert had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 78.5%, 64.9%, 59.4% and 82.2% respectively while LPA had 98.4%, 66.0%, 65.4% and 98.4%. For diagnosis of rifampicin mono-resistance GeneXpert had a moderate agreement (Kappa=0.59, P<0.01) (sensitivity= 62.50%, specificity = 96.50%) while LPA that had almost perfect agreement (Kappa= 0.89, p<0.01) with a (sensitivity= 90.0% and specificity= 99.1%).

Conclusion

LPA has a better performance characteristic to GeneXpert and an alternative to culture with regards to detection of RIF’s mono-resistance.
Rates and Predictors of Switching to Tenofovir alafenamide-containing ART in a nationwide cohort
Authors: Surial Bernard , Cavassini Matthias , Calmy Alexandra , Fehr Jan , Stöckle Marcel , Bernasconi Enos , Roth Bianca , Fux Christoph A. , Kovari Helen , Hansjakob Furrer , Rauch Andri , Wandeler Gilles 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-containing combinations were introduced in Switzerland after October 2016 and are recommended over tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in patients with osteoporosis or impaired renal function.

Methods

We included all participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study on TDF-containing antiretroviral therapy with follow-up visits after January 2016. We determined the proportion of switches from TDF to TAF overall, and among patients with risk factors for TDF toxicity, including osteoporosis, impaired renal function or marked proteinuria. We used multivariable logistic regression to explore predictors of switching from TDF to TAF.

Results

We included 5’012 patients, of whom 652 (13.0%) had risk factors for TDF toxicity. A switch from TDF to TAF was undertaken in 2’796 (55.8%) individuals overall, and in 465 (71.3%) with risk factors. Predictors of switching to TAF were male sex (adjusted odds ratio 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.52), age >50 years (1.44, 1.24-1.67) and the presence of risk factors for TDF toxicity (2.21, 1.77-2.75). In contrast, patients with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based single-pill regimen (0.11, 0.09-0.13), those treated in non-tertiary centers (0.56, 0.46-0.70), as well as those with CD4 cell counts below 500/µL (0.77, 0.66-0.89) and with chronic hepatitis C infection (0.65, 0.53-0.80) were most likely to stay on TDF.

Conclusions

Over 50% of patients on TDF-containing therapy, including the majority of patients at risk for TDF toxicity, were switched to TAF within two years of its introduction in Switzerland. Individuals on NNRTI-based single-pill regimens were most likely to remain on TDF.
Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy to treat congenital nasolacrimal canal dysplasia: A retrospective analysis in 40 children
Authors: Cui Yan-hui , Zhang Cheng-yue , Liu Wen , Wu Qian , Yu Gang , Li Li , Wei Wenbin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) to treat congenital nasolacrimal canal dysplasia (CNCD). Methods: Forty children (50 eyes) with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and lacrimal bony dysplasia, including 8 with bony atresia (10 eyes) and 32 with bony stenosis (40 eyes), were recruited in this retrospective study. Standardized EN-DCR was performed in all cases. The post-operative observations included relief of symptoms, fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT), syringing of lacrimal passages and anastomotic patency under nasal endoscopy. Patients were followed up for 8-18 months. Results: The standardized EN-DCR surgery had a success (cure and improvement) rate of 100%, including a cure rate of 82% and an improvement rate of 18%. The cure rate of 40 bony nasolacrimal duct stenosis was 82.5% and 10 bony nasolacrimal duct atresia was 80%. Statistical analysis showed that nether the receipt of other treatments before surgery nor the type of bony nasolacrimal duct dysplasia affected the cure rate. No significant complications were observed during the post-operative follow-up, except for four cases (4 eyes) that suffered middle turbinate and nasal mucosal adhesion and two cases with sinusitis. Conclusions: CNCD is a type of CNLDO that does not respond to conservative and conventional treatment. EN-DCR provides a safe and effective treatment for children with CNCD. It has a high success rate with a low incidence of complications.
Interprofessional practices through fresh eyes: a qualitative analysis of medical students’ early workplace experiences
Authors: Leedham-Green Kathleen , Knight Alec , Iedema Rick 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Professional identities are influenced by experiences in the clinical workplace including socialisation processes that may be hidden from academic faculty and potentially divergent from formal curricula. With the current educational emphasis on complexity, preparedness for practice, patient safety and team-working it is necessary to evaluate and respond to what students are learning about interprofessional practices during their clinical placements.Methods: 394 second year medical students at a London medical school were invited to submit a short formative essay as part of their coursework describing, evaluating and reflecting on their experiences of how healthcare professionals work together. Their experiences were derived from having spent one day each week throughout the academic year in primary care and one in secondary care. We consented 311 participants and used a Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) approach to analyse these essays, creating a ‘students-eye view’ of interprofessional practices in the workplace.Results: We identified four overarching themes in students’ essays: - Theme 1: analyses of contextual factors driving team tensions including staff shortages, shifting teams, and infrastructural issues;- Theme 2: observations of hierarchical and paternalistic attitudes and behaviours; - Theme 3: respect for team members’ ability to manage and mitigate tensions and attitudes; and - Theme 4: take-forward learning including enthusiasm for quality improvement and system change.Conclusions: Students are being socialised into a complex, hierarchical, pressurised clinical workplace and experience wide variations in interprofessional behaviours and practices. They articulate a need to find constructive ways forward in the interests of staff wellbeing and patient care. We present educational recommendations including providing safe reflective spaces, using students’ lived experience as raw material for systems thinking and quality improvement, and closing the feedback loop with placement sites on behalf of students.
Metagenomic analysis of bile salt biotransformation in the human gut microbiome
Authors: Das Promi , Marcišauskas Simonas , Ji Boyang , Nielsen Jens 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: In the biochemical milieu of human colon, bile acids act as signaling mediators between the host and its gut microbiota. Biotransformation of primary to secondary bile acids have been known to be involved in the immune regulation of human physiology. Several 16S amplicon-based studies with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subjects were found to have an association with the level of fecal bile acids. However, a detailed investigation of all the bile acid biotransformation genes involved in the secondary bile acid metabolism has not been performed. Results: Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of the bile acid biotransformation genes and their distribution at the phyla level. Based on the analysis of shotgun metagenomes, we found that the IBD subjects harbored a significantly lower abundance of these genes compared to the healthy controls. Majority of these genes originated from Firmicutes in comparison to other phyla. From metabolomics data, we found that the IBD subjects were measured with a significantly low level of secondary bile acids and high levels of primary bile acids compared to that of the healthy controls. Conclusions: Our bioinformatics-driven approach of identifying bile acid biotransformation genes predicts the bile salt biotransformation potential in the gut microbiota of IBD subjects. The functional level of dysbiosis likely contributes to the variation in the bile acid pool. This study sets the stage to envisage potential solutions to modulate the gut microbiome with the objective to restore the bile acid pool in the gut.
High‐Throughput Field Phenotyping to Assess Irrigation Treatment Effects in Quinoa
Authors: Sankaran Sindhuja , Espinoza Carlos Zúñiga , Hinojosa Leonardo , Ma Xiaodan , Murphy Kevin 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
Water stress in multiple quinoa varieties were introduced.
Remote sensing technologies were evaluated to assess water stress response.
Handheld and unmanned aerial system based sensors provided reliable data.
Thermal imaging data could capture stress in quinoa varieties.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a crop known for its tolerance to abiotic stress such as drought and salinity. Quinoa is also a versatile superfood, which is gluten‐free and high in protein, vitamins, nutrients, and beneficial antioxidants. Washington State University's quinoa breeding program efforts focus on identification and development of varieties that are resilient to local environmental conditions. In this study, high‐throughput phenotyping techniques were applied to evaluate the performance of quinoa varieties under different irrigation regimes. Handheld multispectral radiometer (Crop Scan), proximal sensing system using ground platform, and remote sensing with unmanned aerial system (UAS) were used to assess the performance of eight quinoa varieties under two irrigation treatments (non‐irrigated and irrigated). Crop Scan data, along with multispectral and thermal infrared images, were acquired at multiple time points at different stages of crop development during the season. In general, the normalized difference vegetation index, water band index, and green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) data extracted from Crop Scan, and GNDVI and canopy temperature data extracted from UAS were able to detect irrigation treatment effects. Comparing the spectral data acquired at multiple scales indicated that Crop Scan data were highly and significantly correlated with remote sensing data (|r| = 0.57–0.85). Rapid data acquisition and the ability to detect differences among varieties under water stress highlight the application of remote sensing techniques as a high‐throughput phenotyping tool to evaluate quinoa.