bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ligustrum lucidum W. T. Aiton (broad-leaf privet) demonstrates climatic niche shifts during global-scale invasion
Authors: Dreyer Jaqueline Beatriz Brixner , Higuchi Pedro , Silva Ana Carolina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBiological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity.Ligustrum lucidum, native to temperate Asia, is one of the most invasive plant species in the world. Climate is an important ecological factor influencing species distribution. Therefore, we investigated the climatic niche ofL.lucidumin various regions of the world to determine whether it uses different climatic conditions in its invasive ranges than in its native range. The geographical coordinates of its occurrence were extracted from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and Southern African Plant Invaders Atlas databases. Climatic variables and altitude data were obtained from WorldClim. We evaluated niche overlap and performed niche similarity tests, and estimated niche shift parameters.L.lucidumoccurs mostly in warm temperate climates. Niche overlap between native and invaded areas was low. Niche similarity tests indicated that the species could expand its occurrence into regions with climates similar to and different from that of its native range. We concluded thatL.lucidumuses different realized climatic niches in its invasive ranges than in its native range. Warmer and wetter climatic conditions may not necessarily constrain this species from establishing populations outside of its native range.
Microwave treatment regulates the free volume of rice starch
Authors: Yan Bowen , Shen Huijie , Fan Daming , Tao Yuan , Wu Yejun , Wang Mingfu , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the role of microwave parameters and moisture content on the free volume (FV) changes of rice starch by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy analysis (PALS) and to explore the potential relationship between the changes of FV and physicochemical properties of rice starch. Microwave heating and water molecules lead to the increasing of FV of starch. However, this result is largely influenced by the plasticization of water molecule. The anti-plasticization caused by water evaporation resulting in a decrease in the size and concentration of FV during microwave heating. Significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the thickness of amorphous region of microwave-heated rice starch was found by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and the glass transition temperature (Tg) and gelatinization temperature significantly increase (p < 0.05) after microwave heating. According to correlation analysis, the power intensity and heating time were correlated negatively with the lifetime of o-Ps. In addition, the changes of amorphous region and Tg of rice starch were strongly related to FV changes. These results provided a theoretical basis for further research on the directional regulation of FV and improvement the quality of starch-based food by using microwave treatment.
Two-dimensional photonic crystal with ring degeneracy and its topological protected edge states
Authors: He Mengjia , Zhang Li , Wang Huaping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose a two-dimensional photonic crystal that possesses a degenerate ring in the momentum space. The photonic crystal is composed of the parallel-plate metal filled with a periodically arranged square array of metallic cylinders. Opening an air gap breaks the z-inversion symmetry, leading to the modes coupling (bi-anisotropy response) of TE and TM waves. This induced electric-magneto coupling, a similar role of the spin-orbit interaction in the condensed matters, results in a complete topological band gap around the degenerate frequency. The bulk bands below the band gap take non-zero Z2 topological invariant characterized by the evolution of the Berry phase. As a consequence, the interface of two photonic crystals with opposite bi-anisotropy supports topological protected edge states that exhibit one-way propagation and are highly resistant to disorders. Our work might be very useful for the design of topological photonic crystals and may serve as a platform for studying pseudo-spin photonics.
Functional responses of Daphnia magna to zero-mean flow turbulence
Authors: Serra Teresa , Müller Mara F. , Colomer Jordi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDaphnia are important to understanding the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems, mainly because of their ability to filter bacteria, algae and inorganic particles as well. Although there are many studies on the general effects that biotic and abiotic stressors, increased temperature and hypoxia, salinity, metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, etc., have on Daphnia populations, little is known about the impact elevated turbulence has. Here, we show that turbulence affects Daphnia magna survival, swimming behaviour and filtering capacity. Our data demonstrate that altering their habitat by induced mixing from turbulence, induces an increased filtering capacity of the Daphnia magna individuals, provided the level of background turbulence (defined by the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy) is lower than ε = 0.04 cm2 s−3. The filtering capacity reduced exponentially with increasing ε, and at ε > 1 cm2 s−3 both mobility and filtration were suppressed and eventually led to the death of all the Daphnia magna individuals.
Direct Effects of Nicotine Exposure on Murine Calvaria and Calvarial Cells
Authors: Durham Emily , Howie R. Nicole , Warren Graham , LaRue Amanda , Cray James 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite the link between adverse birth outcomes due to pre- and peri-natal nicotine exposure, research suggests 11% of US women continue to smoke or use alternative nicotine products throughout pregnancy. Maternal smoking has been linked to incidence of craniofacial anomalies. We hypothesized that pre-natal nicotine exposure may directly alter craniofacial development independent of the other effects of cigarette smoking. To test this hypothesis, we administered pregnant C57BL6 mice drinking water supplemented with 0, 50, 100 or 200 μg/ml nicotine throughout pregnancy. On postnatal day 15 pups were sacrificed and skulls underwent micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histological analyses. Specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, α3, α7, β2, β4 were identified within the calvarial growth sites (sutures) and centers (synchondroses). Exposing murine calvarial suture derived cells and isotype cells to relevant circulating nicotine levels alone and in combination with nicotinic receptor agonist and antagonists resulted in cell specific effects. Most notably, nicotine exposure increased proliferation in calvarial cells, an effect that was modified by receptor agonist and antagonist treatment. Currently it is unclear what component(s) of cigarette smoke is causative in birth defects, however these data indicate that nicotine alone is capable of disrupting growth and development of murine calvaria.
Targeted drug delivery via caveolae-associated protein PV1 improves lung fibrosis
Authors: Marchetti Gabriela M. , Burwell Timothy J. , Peterson Norman C. , Cann Jennifer A. , Hanna Richard N. , Li Qing , Ongstad Emily L. , Boyd Jonathan T. , Kennedy Maureen A. , Zhao Weiguang , Rickert Keith W. , Grimsby Joseph S. , Dall’Acqua William F. , Wu Herren , Tsui Ping , Borrok M. Jack , Gupta Ruchi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSystemic administration of bio-therapeutics can result in only a fraction of drug reaching targeted tissues, with the majority of drug being distributed to tissues irrelevant to the drug’s site of action. Targeted delivery to specific organs may allow for greater accumulation, better efficacy, and improved safety. We investigated how targeting plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PV1), a protein found in the endothelial caveolae of lungs and kidneys, can promote accumulation in these organs. Using ex vivo fluorescence imaging, we show that intravenously administered αPV1 antibodies localize to mouse lungs and kidneys. In a bleomycin-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) mouse model, αPV1 conjugated to Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a known anti-fibrotic agent, significantly reduced collagen content and fibrosis whereas a non-targeted PGE2 antibody conjugate failed to slow fibrosis progression. Our results demonstrate that PV1 targeting can be utilized to deliver therapeutics to lungs and this approach is potentially applicable for various lung diseases.
Using Measurement Invariance to Study Social Withdrawal in Children With Developmental Language Disorders
Authors: Fujiki Martin , Brinton Bonnie , Hart Craig H. , Olsen Joseph , Coombs Maille 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTeacher ratings were used to compare children with developmental language disorders (DLD) and their typically developing peers on 2 subtypes of social withdrawal (shyness and unsociability). Measurement invariance analysis was utilized to determine if teachers rated the 2 groups using the same underlying construct for each of the rating scale items that have been designed to assess withdrawn behavior.MethodThe Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS;C. H. Hart & Robinson, 1996) was administered to the teachers of 173 children with DLD and 182 typically developing children (age range: 5;0–12;11 years;months) to compare 2 subtypes of withdrawal, shyness and unsociability. Measurement invariance analysis was used to establish an appropriate basis for comparing the latent group means and other structural parameters, and partial invariance models were used to compare the groups.ResultsFor the TBRS, shyness and unsociability were measured by 4 and 5 items, respectively. The measurement invariance analysis indicated that classroom teachers approached 1 item on each of these scales using a different underlying construct when rating the 2 groups of children. Taking this into account, the groups were compared. Teachers rated children with DLD as significantly more withdrawn on both shyness and unsociability in comparison with typically developing children. Age and gender were not significant factors.ConclusionsWhen conducting assessments, it should not be assumed that teachers or other raters approach even commonly used rating scale items using the same underlying perception for typically developing children and children with disorders. However, the analysis of invariant items on the TBRS reconfirmed that children with DLD are at risk for social withdrawal as operationalized by assessments of both shyness and unsociability.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7789472
Versorgungscharakteristika und Ergebnisqualität in der
Spezialisierten Ambulanten Palliativversorgung (SAPV): Analyse und Verlauf von
Patienten- und Versorgungsdaten am Beispiel eines SAPV-Teams
Authors: Dengler Robert , Kirchgessner Colina , Albrecht Elisabeth , Rockmann Katharina , Cassens Manfred 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die spezialisierte ambulante Palliativversorgung (SAPV)
soll Patienten mit aufwändiger Versorgung am Lebensende ein
professionell begleitetes Sterben in vertrauter Umgebung
ermöglichen. Untersuchungen zur Veränderungen von
Patientencharakteristika oder Betreuungsinhalte im Zeitverlauf liegen bisher
kaum vor. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, Versorgungsparameter und
Änderungen zu evaluieren sowie eine qualitative Erfassung des
Sterbeprozesses und der Belastung der Angehörigen vorzustellen.
Methode Es wurden anonymisierte Routinedatensätze von
Patienten der Zeiträume 2012–2016 retrospektiv analysiert
sowie die Daten aus 2012 mit denen von 2016 verglichen, um den Aufwand,
Versorgungsmerkmale sowie Entwicklungen der Arbeit im Zeitverlauf beurteilen
zu können. Analog zum bei Aufnahme erfassten „palliative
care problem severity score“ (PCPSS) wurde ein Instrument
(„Sorgepunkte“) zur Beschreibung der Qualität des
Sterbeprozesses sowie der Belastung der Angehörigen entwickelt.
Ergebnisse Im gesamten Beobachtungszeitraum wurden 1806 Fälle
betreut. Das mittlere Alter betrug 74 Jahre. 82% hatten eine
Tumordiagnose. Bei 36% fand ein Beratungsbesuch statt, 14%
wurden als Koordination, 50% in Teilversorgung betreut. 98%
der Patienten konnten am Wunschort versterben. Der Vergleich von 2012 zu
2016 zeigt: Die Patienten des Jahres 2016 sind im Vergleich zu 2012
älter, haben zunehmend nicht-onkologische Diagnosen, sind
kränker zu Betreuungsbeginn, werden seltener ins Krankenhaus
eingewiesen, werden intensiver betreut (steigende Besuchsdichte). Der
Sterbeprozess gelingt ruhiger.
Schlussfolgerung Versorgungsrelevante Daten dokumentieren die
Veränderungen in der Komplexität sowie Verdichtung der
Arbeit im Zeitverlauf. Die zur Beschreibung des Sterbeprozesses entwickelten
Sorgepunkte können als Instrument für die
Ergebnisqualität der Patienten- und Angehörigenbetreuung
auch für andere SAPV-Teams hilfreich sein.
Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Adults Without a History of Nephrolithiasis or Fractures: A Prospective Study
Authors: Rosário Pedro , Calsolari Maria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe prevalence and the diagnostic criterion of “normocalcemic” primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) are still uncertain and there is no consensual definition. This prospective study evaluated the prevalence of NPHPT in 676 adults without a history of fractures or nephrolithiasis and who would be submitted to thyroidectomy, the impact of adopting different cut-off values for 25-hydroxyvitamin D and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the agreement between biochemical diagnosis and the surgical finding of altered parathyroid glands. NPHPT was diagnosed in patients with normal total and ionized calcium and elevated PTH (in 2 measurements) and without a known cause of secondary HPT, including eGFR<40 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D<20 ng/dl. The 4 parathyroid glands were fully explored in these patients. Forty-six patients (6.8%) had a laboratory diagnosis of NPHPT. Altered parathyroid glands were detected in only 4 patients, corresponding to 0.6% of all patients and to 8.7% of those with a biochemical diagnosis of NPHPT. The latter was confirmed in 0/174 men, 1/252 premenopausal women, and 3/250 postmenopausal women. Among the 42 patients with elevated PTH and without altered parathyroid glands, 25 had 25-hydroxyvitamin D between 20 and 30 ng/dl, 7 had eGFR between 40 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, and 9 had both. The prevalence of NPHPT was 0.74% in this adult population without a history of nephrolithiasis or fractures. The diagnostic criterion using eGFR>60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D>30 ng/dl was more appropriate considering the agreement with the surgical finding of altered parathyroid glands.
The ambiguous influences of fire safety on people with mental health problems in supported housing
Authors: Friesinger Jan Georg , Topor Alain , Bøe Tore Dag , Larsen Inger Beate 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOver the last few decades, various housing types for people with mental health problems have been developed for use in the community. These housing types differ in their objectives, staff support and design. In this study, we focus on how fire safety influences the lives of tenants in supported housing. The qualitative study was designed with a multi-sited ethnography approach. Fieldwork was conducted in seven different Norwegian supported housing settings in 2017 with 105 participants (29 tenants, 70 staff, five managers, and one planner). The empirical data consist of field notes, recorded interviews and pictures, which were analyzed with grounded theory and situational analysis. The analysis reconstructed how fire safety was organized and tenants’ experiences of it. These experiences could be positive (such as feeling protected) or negative (such as feeling annoyed or under surveillance). The tenants coped differently with these situations, and fire safety sets boundaries for tenants. Overall, fire safety was organized differently in the supported housing settings we looked at comparison to in most of the common housing units in Norway. The influences of fire safety on daily life can be understood as ambiguous and can be interpreted as a normalizing factor in a risk society. Thus, we emphasize the need for appropriate and well-considered fire safety as a public health intervention in supported housing.
The dos and don’ts of influencing policy: a systematic review of advice to academics
Authors: Oliver Kathryn , Cairney Paul 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany academics have strong incentives to influence policymaking, but may not know where to start. We searched systematically for, and synthesised, the ‘how to’ advice in the academic peer-reviewed and grey literatures. We condense this advice into eight main recommendations: (1) Do high quality research; (2) make your research relevant and readable; (3) understand policy processes; (4) be accessible to policymakers: engage routinely, flexible, and humbly; (5) decide if you want to be an issue advocate or honest broker; (6) build relationships (and ground rules) with policymakers; (7) be ‘entrepreneurial’ or find someone who is; and (8) reflect continuously: should you engage, do you want to, and is it working? This advice seems like common sense. However, it masks major inconsistencies, regarding different beliefs about the nature of the problem to be solved when using this advice. Furthermore, if not accompanied by critical analysis and insights from the peer-reviewed literature, it could provide misleading guidance for people new to this field.
Environmental control programs the emergence of distinct functional ensembles from unconstrained chemical reactions
Authors: Surman Andrew J. , Rodriguez-Garcia Marc , Abul-Haija Yousef M. , Cooper Geoffrey J. T. , Gromski Piotr S. , Turk-MacLeod Rebecca , Mullin Margaret , Mathis Cole , Walker Sara I. , Cronin Leroy 
Published: March 2019

Significance
We show that materials with different structure and function can emerge from the same starting materials under different environmental conditions, such as order of reactant addition or inclusion of minerals. The discoveries we report were made possible by using analytical tools more common in omics/systems biology for functional and structural characterization, retasked for exploring and manipulating complex reaction networks. We not only demonstrate that environments can differentiate fixed sets of starting materials (both mixtures of pure amino acids and the classic Miller–Urey “prebiotic soup” model), but that this has functional consequences. It has been often said that biology is “chemistry with history” and this work shows how this process can start.
Hooking up mildly or wildly
Authors: Adams-Thies Brian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article explores a specific linguistic intervention ("mild to wild”) that occurs in online communication on gay internet hook up sites. It argues that despite supposed knowledge as to what “mild to wild” means, we must look at this linguistic intervention within specific socio-cultural contexts. Without context, the actual uses and meanings of “mild to wild” might be misunderstood while our knowledge of sexual communities of practice risks falling squarely into stereotypes. For this community of practice, “mild to wild” creates a linguistic opportunity for men interested in having sex with other men to be able to define their desires and further explicate how their sexual interaction will take place while also negotiating expectations and assumptions of male-male sex within increasingly homonormative strictures. Data was gathered from over four years of ethnographic research and is presented from a cultural and anthropological linguistics perspective. The phrase “mild to wild” is used by these men in order to: (1) contest supposed concrete categorizations of sexuality and desire; (2) to create highly contextual intimacies and organizations of desire through online-linguistic interaction; and (3) to alleviate detrimental social effects attached to specific unsafe and variant sex practices. The author argues that this community of practice is an example of how new socialities develop within homonormativities designed to control queer sex and desire.
Toward a pragmatic account and taxonomy of valuative speech acts
Authors: Wong García Ernesto 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an account of value ascription as an illocutionary force, based on four claims: (1) that value
ascription is a kind of illocutionary force, defining a specific kind of speech act, i.e. valuative speech acts (VSAs); (2) that
the point of VSAs is ascribing an axiological value to a referent; (3) that VSAs create a weak, inside-oriented truth commitment;
and (4) that they are therefore more about the valuating subject than they are about the valuated object. This illocutionary force
is described using criteria taken from contemporary speech act theory as well as others that have proven informative. This
description results in a rich taxonomy of VSAs. This shows the viability and fruitfulness of a pragmatic account of value
ascription, and it contributes to the development of speech act theory, specifically with regard to the distinction between
primary and secondary illocutionary points, and the speech act taxonomy itself.
Written alternative translation solutions in the translation process
Authors: Borg Claudine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Alternative translation solutions (ATSs) are a core and abundant element of the translation process. Despite being
a recurrent topic in translation process research (TPR), the majority of previous studies deal with verbal ATSs while written ATSs
remain an underresearched aspect. This article focuses on written ATSs and their role in the translatorial decision-making
process. Drawing mainly on research into translatorial decision-making and TPR, it investigates 188 written ATSs present in the
first draft of a Maltese literary translation from French produced by an experienced translator. Various categorisation systems
were created to analyse the textual data. The results indicate that written ATSs are a complex phenomenon worth exploring further
as they seem to be a shared behaviour by many translators.
Six-second rule revisited
Authors: Szarkowska Agnieszka , Bogucka Lidia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The most famous rule on the speed of subtitles is the six-second rule. In this study we investigate if the
six-second rule is too slow for contemporary viewers. We also address the question of whether subtitle processing depends on the
speech rate of film dialogues and on viewer’s proficiency in the language of the film soundtrack. With these questions in mind, we
tested 53 Polish viewers watching English videos at two different speech rates (slow and fast), subtitled into Polish in
accordance with the six-second rule. We examined participants’ reading patterns and comprehension and asked them to assess
subtitle speed and the congruity of subtitles with the dialogue. Analysing people’s eye movements enabled us to measure that
viewers were looking at subtitles for only about 30% of the subtitle display time. We found that the film speech rate affected
comprehension: faster dialogues, implying more text condensation in subtitles, resulted in lower comprehension compared to slow
speech rates. Viewers more proficient in the language of the film soundtrack spent less time gazing at subtitles than those who
had only elementary knowledge of the language.