bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Years of Potential Life Lost Because of Cardiovascular Disease in Asian‐American Subgroups, 2003–2012
Authors: Iyer Divya G. , Shah Nilay S. , Hastings Katherine G. , Hu Jiaqi , Rodriguez Fatima , Boothroyd Derek B. , Krishnan Aruna V. , Falasinnu Titilola , Palaniappan Latha 
Published: March 2019

Background
Asian‐American subgroups (Asian‐Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese) display varied cardiovascular disease mortality patterns, especially at younger ages. This study aims to examine the years of potential life lost because of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease among the 6 largest Asian‐American subgroups compared with non‐Hispanic whites.

Methods and Results
We used National Center for Health Statistics Multiple Causes of Death mortality files from 2003 to 2012 to calculate race‐specific life expectancy, mean years of potential life lost, and years of potential life lost per 100 000 population for each Asian subgroup and non‐Hispanic whites. Asian‐American subgroups display heterogeneity in cardiovascular disease burden. Asian‐Indians had a high burden of ischemic heart disease; Asian‐Indian men lost 724 years per 100 000 population in 2012 and a mean of 17 years to ischemic heart disease. Respectively, Vietnamese and Filipino men and women lost a mean of 17 and 16 years of life to cerebrovascular disease; Filipino men lost 352 years per 100 000 population in 2012. All Asian subgroups for both sexes had higher years of life lost to cerebrovascular disease compared with non‐Hispanic whites.

Conclusions
Cardiovascular disease burden varies among Asian subgroups, and contributes to greater premature mortality in certain subgroups. Asian‐Indian and Filipino populations have the highest years of life lost because of ischemic heart disease and Filipino and Vietnamese have the highest years of life lost because of cerebrovascular disease. Analysis of risk factors and development of subgroup‐specific interventions are required to address these health disparities.
Association of Circulating Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases‐1 and Procollagen Type III Aminoterminal Peptide Levels With Incident Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lieb Wolfgang , Song Rebecca J. , Xanthakis Vanessa , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: March 2019

Background

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (
TIMP
‐1) and procollagen type
III
aminoterminal peptide are established circulating markers of extracellular matrix remodeling and associated with cardiovascular disease. The association of both biomarkers with incident congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease (
CKD
) in the community is not well studied.

Methods and Results

We measured plasma total
TIMP
‐1 and procollagen type
III
aminoterminal peptide levels in 922 Framingham participants (mean age, 57 years; 57% women) and related both biomarkers to the risk of incident
CKD
and congestive heart failure in multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models. Plasma total
TIMP
‐1 levels were positively associated with risk of incident
CKD
(164 events; hazard ratio per 1 SD in log‐biomarker, 1.90; 95%
CI
, 1.53–2.37) in multivariable models, including adjustments for left ventricular mass, C‐reactive protein, and B‐type natriuretic peptide levels. The association of total
TIMP
‐1 with risk of congestive heart failure was statistically significant in an age‐ and sex‐adjusted model, but was attenuated upon adjustment for conventional risk factors. Blood procollagen type
III
aminoterminal peptide levels were not related to the risk of
CKD
or congestive heart failure.

Conclusions

Higher baseline levels of total
TIMP
‐1 conferred an increased risk for incident
CKD
, independent of conventional risk factors and circulating biomarkers of chronic systemic inflammation and neurohormonal activation. Our prospective observations in a large community‐based sample support the role of matrix remodeling in the pathogenesis of
CKD
.
Lack of Consensus Among Stroke Experts on the Optimal Management of Patients With Acute Tandem Occlusion
Authors: Jacquin Gregory , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Labrie Marilyn , Daneault Nicole , Deschaintre Yan , Gioia Laura C. , Odier Celine , Raymond Jean , Roy Daniel , Weill Alain , Stapf Christian 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
In patients with acute stroke caused by tandem occlusion, the benefit of immediate revascularization (stenting) of the cervical internal carotid artery lesion during endovascular thrombectomy is uncertain. We sought to determine current practice patterns and whether consensus existed among physicians with stroke expertise.

Methods—
We distributed an online survey to stroke experts affiliated with the Canadian Stroke Consortium, the Canadian Interventional Neuro Group, the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology, and international ESCAPE trial (Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion With Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Times) collaborators. Questions were based on clinical scenarios, and multiple choice responses across a Likert-type scale were provided. The survey was sent out in September 2017. After 2 months, data were extracted and then analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results—
Responses from 162 stroke experts were analyzed; most were stroke physicians (n=65, 40.1%) and neurointerventionalists (n=74, 45.7%), from Canada (n=95, 58.6%), the United States (n=42, 25.9%), and other countries (n=25, 15.4%). Over half (n=96, 59.3%) of respondents consider acute stenting of the cervical internal carotid artery as a treatment option, whereas 40.7% (n=66) would never use it. Most respondents (n=113, 69.8%) agree that there exists uncertainty about the optimal acute management of patients with tandem occlusion. A majority (n=88, 54.3%) of physicians surveyed would include patients in a randomized trial addressing this question.

Conclusions—
This survey shows high variability in practice about acute management of tandem occlusion. The existence of community equipoise underscores the importance of a randomized trial evaluating the benefit of acute internal carotid artery stenting in patients with tandem occlusion undergoing endovascular thrombectomy.
Infratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Ruiqi , Wang Xia , Anderson Craig S. , Robinson Thompson , Lavados Pablo M. , Lindley Richard I. , Chalmers John , Delcourt Candice ,   for the INTERACT Investigators
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
Infratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has a poor outcome but is rarely analyzed by cerebellar versus brain stem location. We evaluated this relationship and clinical outcomes among participants of the INTERACT 1 and 2 (Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trials).

Methods—
Participants with brain stem and cerebellar ICH were compared. Logistic regression models were used to compare outcomes of death or major disability and quality of life.

Results—
Of 195 included patients, 92 (47%) and 103 (53%) had brain stem and cerebellar ICH, respectively. Patients with brain stem ICH were younger (mean [SD] age, 59±13 versus 70±11 years), less female (28.3% versus 50.5%), with higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (median [interquartile range], 6 [4–10) versus 3 [2–8]), less prior ICH (3% versus 17%), smaller ICH volumes (1.6 mL [1.0–2.8 mL] versus 5.1 mL [2.6–10.7 mL]), and less intraventricular extension (3% versus 39%) than those with cerebellar ICH. Brain stem ICH had higher mortality (odds ratio, 37.1; 95% CI, 1.99–692.27) and worse scores in the European Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D) pain domain (odds ratio, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.38–8.20).

Conclusions—
Cerebellar and brain stem ICH differ in their clinical characteristics and prognosis, with the latter being associated with higher case fatality and worse EQ-5D scores in the pain domain.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT00226096 and NCT00716079.
Revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Ptychoderes Schoenherr, 1823 (Coleoptera, Anthribidae, Anthribinae, Ptychoderini)
Authors: MERMUDES JOSÉ RICARDO M. , NAPP DILMA SOLANGE 
Published: March 2019

A review and cladistic analysis of the genus Ptychoderes Schoenherr, 1823 is presented. The genus and the following seventeen known species are redescribed: P. nebulosus (Olivier, 1795) (type species), P. elongatus (Germar, 1824), P. viridanus Boheman, 1833, P. virgatus Fåhraeus, 1839, P. obsoletus Jekel, 1855, P. depressus Jekel, 1855, P. mixtus Jekel, 1855, P. callosus Jekel, 1855, P. antiquus Jekel, 1855, P. brevis Jordan, 1894, P. longicollis Jordan, 1894, P. bivittatus Jordan, 1894, P. rugicollis Jordan, 1895, P. jordani Frieser, 1959, P. crustatus Frieser, 1988, P. magnus Mermudes & Napp, 2004 and P. jekeli Mermudes & Napp, 2004. New synonyms are proposed: Ptychoderes nebulosus (Olivier, 1795) = Ptychoderes tricostifrons Fåhraeus, 1839 syn. nov. = Ptychoderes columbianus Jekel, 1855 syn. nov.; and Ptychoderes antiquus Jekel, 1855 = Ptychoderes affinis Jordan, 1894 syn. nov. A key to species and maps of their geographical distribution are provided. The cladistic analysis with 24 taxa and 50 characters from body vestiture, external morphology, wing venation, male and female terminalia and rectal loop, resulted in a single cladogram showing, for the first time, a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationship among genera of Anthribinae. The analysis included the seventeen species of Ptychoderes, as defined in the taxonomic review, along with the type species of the genera presently considered as belonging to Ptychoderini Jekel, 1855: Cerambyrhynchus schoenherri Montrouzier, 1855, Phloepemon acuticornis (Fabricius), Phloeotragus heros (Fabricius), Tribotropis prasinata (Fåhraeus, 1839), Hypselotropis annulicornis (Fåhraeus, 1839) and Unanthribus maximus Mermudes, 2003. A hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships among the Neotropical genera of Ptychoderini is presented in parenthetical notation: ((Tribotropis + Hypselotropis) (Unanthribus + Ptychoderes)). The monophyly of Ptychoderes is supported by 14 synapomorphies and its interrelationships are as follows: ((P. crustatus (P. brevis + P. jekeli)) ((P. longicollis (P. jordani (P. obsoletus+P. magnus) (P. depressus+P. virgatus))) (P. mixtus (P. bivittatus ((P. callosus+P. rugicollis) (P. viridanus (P. antiquus (P. elongatus+P. nebulosus)))))))).
Gryllus mandevillus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) is a valid field cricket species
Authors: WEISSMAN DAVID B. , FUNK DAVID H. , WALKER THOMAS J. 
Published: March 2019

Walker (in Weissman, Walker, & Gray 2009) described a new species of Gryllus, G. jamaicensis, a second species recorded from Jamaica to the widespread G. assimilis (Fabricius 1775). The two taxa are apparent sister species and are morphologically indistinguishable. They can be separated by three calling song characteristics: pulses per chirp, average pulse rate, and dominant frequency.
Excitatory pathway engaging glutamate, calcineurin, and NFAT upregulates IL-4 in ischemic neurons to polarize microglia
Authors: Ting Shun-Ming , Zhao Xiurong , Zheng Xueping , Aronowski Jaroslaw 
Published: March 2019

Excitotoxicity and microglia/macrophage over-activation are the important pathogenic steps in brain damage caused by ischemic stroke. Recent studies from our group suggest that the neurons in ischemic penumbra generate an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-4 (IL-4). This neuron-produced IL-4 could subsequently convert surrounding microglia/macrophages to a reparative (M2)-phenotype. The present study was designed to establish the mechanisms by which neurons under transient ischemic condition produce/secrete IL-4. We employed primary rat cortical neurons and a validated in vitro ischemic injury model involving transient oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). We discovered that only sublethal OGD induces IL-4 production/secretion by neurons. We then showed that excitotoxic stimulus (an integral component of OGD-mediated damage) involving N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and not kainate receptor, triggers neuronal IL-4 production/release. Of note, oxidative stress or pro-apoptotic stimuli did not induce IL-4 production by neurons. Next, using the calcineurin inhibitor FK506, we implicated this phosphatase in activation of the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT; a transcription factor activated through calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation) and propose that this pathway is involved in transcriptional upregulation of the IL-4 synthesis in NMDA-treated neurons. Finally, using a transfer of culture medium from NMDA-conditioned neuron to microglia, we showed that the neuronal IL-4 can polarize microglia toward a restorative, phagocytic phenotype.
The 100 most influential manuscripts on hepatocellular carcinoma: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Hwang Ji Woong , Kim Hanbaro , Lee Dong Jin 
Published: March 2019

Objective Citation analysis represents one of the best available methods to identify the most influential articles. This study aimed to identify and characterize the top 100 highly cited articles (T100) that focus on hepatocellular carcinoma and to reveal the trends in accomplishments within this field. Methods A search of the Thomson Reuters Web of Science citation indexing database was conducted using terms related to hepatocellular carcinoma. The T100 were selected and analyzed further based on the number of citations, authorship, year of publication, journal, country of origin, institution, and article type. Results Hepatology published the highest number of papers (n = 15), and the United States produced the highest number of contributions (n = 31). Barcelona University was the institution with the highest number of articles in the T100 (n = 9). The T100 articles included 35 observational studies, 13 randomized control studies, 25 basic research articles, 18 reviews, seven clinical guidelines, and two meta-analyses. Conclusions This is the first bibliometric study to identify the most influential papers in hepatocellular carcinoma research. This report presents major advances and changes in research regarding hepatocellular carcinoma and can serve as a guide for writing a citable article.
Staged procedure protocol based on the four-column concept in the treatment of AO/OTA type 43-C3.3 pilon fractures
Authors: Chen Hui , Cui Xueliang , Ma Binbin , Rui Yunfeng , Li He 
Published: March 2019

Objective We herein introduce a staged management protocol for AO/OTA type 43-C3.3 pilon fractures based on the four-column theory designed to protect the soft tissue. Methods Twenty-three patients with 25 type C3.3 pilon fractures underwent a staged procedure with four-column osteosynthesis from April 2014 to December 2016. The first stage involved immediate calcaneal traction or external fixation to span the ankle joint. When the soft tissue swelling decreased, the posterolateral approach was used to restore the lateral column and initially fix the posterior column. After 10 to 12 days, the third stage involved treatment of the anterior and medial columns through the anterior approach. Charts and radiographs were reviewed, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) evaluation system was used to evaluate the postoperative outcomes. Results All fractures achieved union after a mean of 3.3 months (range, 2.0–5.7 months) after the third stage. A good or acceptable reduction rate was observed in 85.7% of the patients. Results from the AOFAS evaluation system indicated excellent or good postoperative ankle function in 81.0% of the patients. Conclusion This staged procedure protocol combined with the four-column theory is a feasible way to protect the soft tissue and reduce the fracture.
Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Radiomics Method Based on Preoperative Ultrasound Images
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Zhou Shichong , Yu Jinhua , Guo Yi , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhou Jin , Chang Cai 
Published: March 2019

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma is a type of indolent tumor with a dramatically increasing incidence rate and stably high survival rate. Reducing the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma is clinically emergent and important. A radiomics model is proposed in this article to predict lymph node metastasis, the most important risk factor of papillary thyroid carcinoma, based on noninvasive routine preoperative ultrasound images. Methods: Four hundred fifty ultrasound manually segmented images of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node status obtained from pathology report were enrolled in our retrospective study. A radiomics evaluation of 614 high-throughput features were calculated, including size, shape, margin, boundary, orientation, position, echo pattern, posterior acoustic pattern, and calcification features. Then, combined feature selection strategy was used to select features with the greatest ability to discriminate lymph node status. A support vector machine classifier was employed to build and validate the prediction model. Another independent testing cohort was used to further evaluate the performance of the radiomics model. Results: Among 614 radiomics features, 50 selected features most reflecting echo pattern, posterior acoustic pattern, and calcification showed the superior lymph node status distinguishable performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.753, 0.740, and 0.743 separately when using each type of features predicting the lymph node status. The results of model based on all 50 final features predicting the lymph node status shown an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.782, and accuracy of 0.712. In the independent testing cohort, the proposed approach showed similar results, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.727 and accuracy of 0.710. Conclusion: Papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis usually shows a complex echo pattern, posterior region homogeneity, and macrocalcification or multiple calcification. The radiomics model proposed in this article is a promising method for assessing the risk of papillary thyroid carcinoma metastasis noninvasively.
Bioengineering approaches to organ preservation ex vivo
Authors: Pinezich Meghan , Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana 
Published: March 2019

The advent of successful solid organ transplantation is undoubtedly among the most significant medical achievements of the 20th century. Despite advances in the field of transplantation since its inception over 50 years ago, our approach to donor organ preservation outside of the body remains unchanged. Recently, attempts have been made to replace static cold storage with more sophisticated ex vivo machine perfusion. Rather than cooling the organ on ice to slow metabolic processes, machine perfusion aims to support normal metabolic function in a near-physiologic environment and to provide a platform on which the organ can be evaluated, preserved, and recovered. Ex vivo machine perfusion devices have demonstrated early success with respect to transplant outcomes in heart, lung, and liver, with perfusion times limited to several hours. The continued development of more advanced perfusion systems is likely to extend the duration of ex vivo organ support to days or even weeks, and enable recovery of initially unsuitable donor organs. In this review, we discuss recent clinical and pre-clinical studies, state-of-the-art organ preservation technologies, existing limitations, and a perspective on future developments. Impact statement Over the past several decades, ex vivo perfusion has emerged as a promising technology for the assessment, preservation, and recovery of donor organs. Many exciting pre-clinical findings have now been translated to clinical use, and successful transplantation following ex vivo perfusion has been achieved for heart, lung, and liver. While machine perfusion provides distinct advantages over traditional cold preservation, many challenges remain, including that of long-term (multi-day) ex vivo support. Here, we provide an overview of the current status of ex vivo machine perfusion in the pre-clinical and clinical setting and share our perspective on the future direction of the field.
Retinol isotope dilution accurately predicts liver reserves in piglets but overestimates reserves in lactating sows
Authors: Sheftel Jesse , Surles Rebecca L , Tanumihardjo Sherry A 
Published: March 2019

Retinol isotope dilution (RID) is used to estimate total body vitamin A (VA) stores in groups to assess VA status. Metabolic differences during lactation may affect RID calculations as currently applied. We evaluated the time required for isotopic equilibration between serum and liver retinol in piglets, and the utility of milk retinol isotopic enrichment as a proxy for serum in lactating sows. Piglets ( n = 24) and sows ( n = 6) were fed 1.75 or 20 µmol 13 C2-retinyl acetate, respectively. Piglets ( n = 5 or 7) were killed on d 0, 4, 7, or 14. Blood and milk were collected at d 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 before the sows were killed to collect liver. Retinol 13 C-enrichment was determined by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Equilibration time and RID-predicted liver VA reserves were calculated. In piglets, serum and liver retinol 13 C-enrichment differed significantly in individuals at d 4 and 7 ( P = 0.008, 0.03) but not d 14 ( P = 0.06); however, mean values were not different by d 4 ( P = 0.62). Current RID equations accurately predicted VA deficiency (means ≤0.027 µmol/g liver) in the piglets. In sows, milk and serum retinol 13 C-enrichment reached equilibrium between 2 and 7 d post-dose. After correcting for dose lost to milk, RID equations predicted higher liver stores than measured values even though the serum to liver atom % was 1.00 ± 0.01 at kill. In VA deficient infants, a shorter period may be accurate in population-level RID studies when using appropriate assumptions. In lactating women, the RID may have decreased accuracy due to variable losses of tracer in milk. Furthermore, assumptions about storage and loss of the dose in milk must be evaluated in lactating women considering the observed discrepancy between predicted and measured stores. Impact statement Vitamin A (VA) deficiency and hypervitaminosis A have been reported in groups of people worldwide. Conventional biomarkers of VA deficiency (e.g. serum retinol concentration, dose response tests) are not able to distinguish between sufficiency and hypervitaminosis A. Retinol isotope dilution (RID) predictions of VA status have been validated in humans and animal models from deficiency through toxicity; however, RID during life stages with unique issues related to isotopic tracing, such as infancy and lactation, requires further evaluation. This study investigated RID in piglets and lactating sows as models for human infants and women. In piglets, RID successfully determined VA deficiency (confirmed with liver analysis), and that the tracer mixes quickly. Conversely, in lactating sows, although serum and milk enrichments were similar, traditional RID equations overestimated VA stores, likely due to losses of tracer and higher extrahepatic VA storage than predictions. These data inform researchers about the challenges of using RID during lactation.