bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health, well-being and social relations in a changing neighbourhood: protocol for a prospective, multimethods study of the consequences of large structural changes in an ethnic diverse social housing area in Denmark
Authors: Lund Rikke , Christensen Ulla , Mathisen Jimmi , Sørensen Kristine S , Srivarathan Abirami , Molbo Drude , Halby Kristian , Kristiansen Maria 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionResidential areas constitute an important arena for health, well-being and social relations. Structural interventions such as demolition and area renewal have been used to reduce inequality in health and well-being in disadvantaged areas. However, the effects of larger structural interventions are inconclusive. In a longitudinal perspective, this study aims to analyse how large-scale structural changes in an ethnic diverse social housing area are associated with the residents’ health, well-being and social relations.Methods and analysisIn this multimethods study, we examine this aim among middle-aged and older residents in a multiethnic social housing area in a Danish municipality by the inclusion of comprehensive survey (in 2018, 2019 and 2020), register (yearly 2015–2025) and qualitative (2018–2020) data. Municipal Health Profile survey data from 2017 and 2021 will be used for comparison. The area will undergo large structural changes in the built environment during 2018–2021. A ‘natural experiment’ (n=6000) compares differences in health and social outcomes across the study period between the study area and a similar neighbouring area not undergoing structural changes. Through user engagement in the design of the study, throughout the different phases of the study and in the two co-created interventions embedded in the study design, a focus on empowerment and recognition of the resources and perspectives of residents are encouraged.Ethics and disseminationThe study is registered in the University of Copenhagen’s record of biobanks and research projects containing personal data and will be conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. Residential and municipal representatives and local non-governmental organisations are engaged in the design and execution of the study to ensure the usefulness, reflexive interpretation of data, and relevance of interventions. Results will be published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals, presented at conferences and as short reports through the use of both written and visual outputs.
Effects of neurofeedback versus methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD: systematic review and meta-analysis of head-to-head trials
Authors: Yan Lixia , Wang Siyuan , Yuan Yang , Zhang Junhua 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe comparative efficacy and tolerability of methylphenidate (MPH) and neurofeedback (NF) in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains uncertain. This study aimed to fill this gap by means of a systematic review/meta-analysis.MethodsPubMed, OVID, ERIC, Web of Science, ClinialTrials.gov and a set of Chinese databases were searched until 22 August 2018. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were pooled using comprehensive meta-analysis software.Results18 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included (778 individuals with ADHD in the NF arm and 757 in the MPH group, respectively; 13 studies in Chinese, five in English). At the study first endpoint, MPH was significantly more efficacious than NF on ADHD core symptoms (ADHD symptoms combined: SMD=−0.578, 95% CI (−1.063 to –0.092)) and on two neuropsychological parameters (inattention:−0.959 (-1.711 to –0.208); inhibition:−0.469 (-0.872 to –0.066)). Dropouts were significantly lower in NF versus MPH (OR=0.412, 0.186 to 0.913). Results were robust to sensitivity analyses, with two important exceptions: removing Chinese studies and non-funded studies, no differences emerged between MPH and NF, although the number of studies was small. At the study follow-up, MPH was superior to NF in some outcomes, but results were inconsistent across raters.ConclusionsDue to the risk of bias of included studies, the results of the sensitivity analysis excluding Chinese and non-funded studies, and the mixed findings on at the follow-up endpoint, further high quality studies are needed to assess the comparative efficacy and acceptability of NF and MPH in individuals with ADHD.Trial registration numberCRD42018090256.
On certain sums concerning the gcd’s and lcm’s of k positive integers
Authors: Hilberdink Titus , Luca Florian , Tóth László 
Published: June 2019

We use elementary arguments to prove results on the order of magnitude of certain sums concerning the gcd’s and lcm’s of [Formula: see text] positive integers, where [Formula: see text] is fixed. We refine and generalize an asymptotic formula of Bordellès [Mean values of generalized gcd-sum and lcm-sum functions, J. Integer Seq. 10 (2007) Article ID:07.9.2, 13[Formula: see text]pp], and extend certain related results of Hilberdink and Tóth [On the average value of the least common multiple of [Formula: see text] positive integers, J. Number Theory 169 (2016) 327–341]. We also formulate some conjectures and open problems.
Serum IL-6 and sIL-6R in type 2 diabetes contribute to impaired capillary-like network formation
Authors: Landers-Ramos Rian Q. , Blumenthal Jacob B. , Prior Steven J. 
Published: June 2019

We hypothesized that the serum from individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) would reduce in vitro capillary-like network formation compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) serum and that this would occur along with higher serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and lower concentrations of angiogenic growth factors. Subjects were sedentary, older (55–65 yr) adults with NGT, IGT, or T2DM ( n = 10/group) matched for body mass index. Human retroviral telomerized endothelial cells (HRVT-ECs) or coronary artery endothelial cells (CECs) were used in a capillary-like network formation assay using endothelial basal medium supplemented with 7.5% serum. Quantification of HRVT-EC network length indicated that serum from the T2DM group resulted in 32 and 35% lower network formation than when using serum from the NGT and IGT groups, respectively ( P < 0.05). Serum from T2DM subjects resulted in CEC network formation that was 11 and 8% lower than when using serum from NGT and IGT subjects, respectively ( P < 0.05). Analysis of serum cytokines indicated that IL-6 was 41% and 49% higher in the IGT and T2DM groups, respectively, compared with the NGT group ( P < 0.05) and there was a trend for higher soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R; P = 0.06) and IL-8 ( P = 0.08) in the T2DM serum compared with NGT. The use of recombinant IL-6 and sIL-6R at concentrations detected in the T2DM serum also reduced capillary network formation compared with NGT concentrations ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that IL-6 and sIL-6R present in the serum of T2DM individuals impair in vitro endothelial cell function across different cell lines. Our findings may have implications for the microvascular complications associated with T2DM. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Higher concentrations of serum factors, specifically Interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor found in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) appear to impair endothelial cell capillary-like network formation compared with those present in serum from individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and normal glucose tolerance. This may have implications for the vascular complications associated with T2DM.
Sex differences in blood pressure regulation during ischemic isometric exercise: the role of the β-adrenergic receptors
Authors: Samora Milena , Incognito Anthony V. , Vianna Lauro C. 
Published: June 2019

We sought to investigate whether the β-adrenergic receptors play a pivotal role in sex-related differences in arterial blood pressure (BP) regulation during isometric exercise. Sixteen volunteers (8 women) performed 2 min of ischemic isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) and 2 min of postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO). Heart rate (HR) and beat-to-beat arterial BP were continuously measured. Beat-to-beat estimates of stroke volume (ModelFlow) were obtained and matched with HR to calculate cardiac output (Q̇) and total peripheral resistance (TPR). Two trials were randomly conducted between placebo and nonselective β-adrenergic blockade (40 mg propranolol). Under the placebo condition, the magnitude of the BP response in IHE was lower in women compared with men. During PECO, the BP remained elevated and the sex differences persisted. The β-blockade attenuated the BP response during IHE in men (∆57 ± 4 vs. ∆45 ± 7 mmHg, P = 0.025) due to a reduction in Q̇ (∆3.7 ± 0.5 vs. ∆1.8 ± 0.2 L/min, P = 0.012) while TPR was not affected. In women, however, the BP response during IHE was unchanged (∆27 ± 3 vs. ∆28 ± 3 mmHg, P = 0.889), despite attenuated Q̇ (∆2.7 ± 0.4 vs. ∆1.3 ± 0.2 L/min, P = 0.012). These responses were mediated by a robust increase in TPR under β-blockade (∆−0.2 ± 0.4 vs. ∆2.2 ± 0.7 mmHg·L−1·min, P = 0.012). These findings demonstrate that the sex differences in arterial BP regulation during ischemic IHE are mediated by β-adrenergic receptors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that the blood pressure response during isometric exercise in women is mediated by increases in cardiac output, whereas in men it is mediated by increases in both cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. In addition, women showed a robust increase in total peripheral resistance under β-blockade during isometric exercise and muscle metaboreflex activation. These findings demonstrate that sex differences in blood pressure regulation during isometric exercise are mediated by β-adrenergic receptors.
Effects of caffeine and sex on muscle performance and delayed-onset muscle soreness after exercise-induced muscle damage: a double-blind randomized trial
Authors: Chen Hou-Yu , Chen Yung-Chih , Tung Kang , Chao Hsiao-Han , Wang Ho-Seng 
Published: June 2019

The present study aims to investigate effects of caffeine ingestion and sex difference on muscle performance, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and various biomarkers under exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Twenty (10 male and 10 female) healthy elite college athletes were recruited. Participants ingested either caffeine (6 mg/kg) or a placebo in a randomized, double-blind, and counterbalanced fashion at 24 and 48 h following EIMD. Muscle performance, DOMS, and blood samples were taken an hour before and an hour after supplementation. Caffeine ingestion restored impaired maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC: 10.2%; MVICpost: 7.2%, both P < 0.05) during EIMD across both sexes. Following caffeine ingestion during MVIC, while affected by EIMD, an interaction was found in DOMS and serum K+ (both P < 0.05), with males showing greater attenuation (21.5 and 16.9%, respectively) compared with females (4.6 and 1.3%, respectively). DOMS demonstrated an inverse correlation with MVIC after caffeine ingestion both overall and among male athletes ( r = −0.34 and −0.54, respectively; P < 0.05) but not among female athletes ( r = −0.11; P > 0.05) under EIMD. In addition, caffeine ingestion increased postexercise serum glucose and lactate concentrations across both sexes (both P < 0.05). This is the first study to show that male athletes, compared with female athletes, experience a greater reduction in DOMS during enhanced MVIC when caffeine was consumed, suggesting men might receive greater ergogenic effects from caffeine when affected by EIMD. Furthermore, caffeine ingestion was able to restore impaired muscle power among elite collegiate athletes across both sexes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) reduces anaerobic/aerobic performance and increases delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) during exercise. We show that acute caffeine supplementation at a dosage of 6 mg/kg seems to facilitate recovery of anaerobic muscle power and attenuate DOMS after EIMD across both sexes. Furthermore, male athletes, compared with female athletes, when caffeine was prescribed, experience a greater reduction in DOMS with better restoration of impaired maximal voluntary isometric contractions. This suggests that male athletes might benefit from the ergogenic effect of acute caffeine supplementation after the onset of EIMD.
Differences in Cancer Survival with Relative versus Cause-Specific Approaches: An Update Using More Accurate Life Tables
Authors: Forjaz de Lacerda Gonçalo , Howlader Nadia , Mariotto Angela B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background:
We investigated differences in net cancer survival (survival observed if the only possible cause of death was the cancer under study) estimated using new approaches for relative survival (RS) and cause-specific survival (CSS).

Methods:
We used SEER data for patients diagnosed in 2000 to 2013, followed-up through December 31, 2014. For RS, we used new life tables accounting for geography and socio-economic status. For CSS, we used the SEER cause of death algorithm for attributing cancer-specific death. Estimates were compared by site, age, stage, race, and time since diagnosis.

Results:
Differences between 5-year RS and CSS were generally small. RS was always higher in screen-detectable cancers, for example, female breast (89.2% vs. 87.8%) and prostate (98.5% vs. 93.7%) cancers; differences increased with age or time since diagnosis. CSS was usually higher in the remaining cancer sites, particularly those related to specific risk factors, for example, cervix (70.9% vs. 68.3%) and liver (20.7% vs. 17.1%) cancers. For most cancer sites, the gap between estimates was smaller with more advanced stage.
Conclusion: RS is the preferred approach to report cancer survival from registry data because cause of death may be inaccurate, particularly for older patients and long-term survivors as comorbidities increase challenges in determining cause of death. However, CSS proved to be more reliable in patients diagnosed with localized disease or cancers related to specific risk factors as general population life tables may not capture other causes of mortality.

Impact:
Different approaches for net survival estimation should be considered depending on cancer under study.
Mutation Status of RAS, TP53, and SMAD4 is Superior to Mutation Status of RAS Alone for Predicting Prognosis after Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Kopetz Scott , Newhook Timothy E. , De Bellis Mario , Chun Yun Shin , Tzeng Ching-Wei D. , Aloia Thomas A. , Vauthey Jean-Nicolas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Somatic gene mutations have been increasingly recognized to impact prognosis following resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM). We aimed to determine the impact of combinations of somatic mutations on survival in patients undergoing CLM resection.

Experimental Design:
We identified patients who underwent initial CLM resection during 2007–2017 and had genetic sequencing data available. Risk factors for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were determined using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:
Of 1460 patients who underwent CLM resection during the study period, 507 met the inclusion criteria. Multigene testing revealed mutation rates greater than 10% for TP53 (mutated in 70.8% of patients), APC (53.5%), RAS (50.7%), PIK3CA (15.8%), and SMAD4 (11.0%). BRAF was mutated in 2.0% of patients. BRAF, RAS, TP53, and SMAD4 mutations were significantly associated with OS, and RAS, TP53, and SMAD4 mutations were significantly associated with RFS. Coexisting mutations in RAS, TP53, and SMAD4 were associated with significantly worse OS and RFS than coexisting mutations in any 2 of these genes and mutations in 1 or none of these genes. Coexisting mutations in 2 genes conferred significantly worse OS and RFS than single mutation or no mutations. OS and RFS did not differ significantly between patients with RAS mutation and wild-type TP53 and SMAD4 and patients with wild-type RAS (P = 0.858 and 0.729, respectively).

Conclusions:
RAS mutation status alone is not sufficient for precisely predicting prognosis after CLM resection.
Prostate Cancer in World Trade Center Responders Demonstrates Evidence of an Inflammatory Cascade
Authors: Gong Yixuan , Wang Li , Yu Haocheng , Alpert Naomi , Cohen Mitchell D. , Prophete Colette , Horton Lori , Sisco Maureen , Park Sung-Hyun , Lee Hyun-Wook , Zelikoff Judith , Chen Lung-Chi , Hashim Dana , Suarez-Farinas Mayte , Donovan Michael J. , Aaronson Stuart A. , Galsky Matthew , Zhu Jun , Taioli Emanuela , Oh William K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

An excess incidence of prostate cancer has been identified among World Trade Center (WTC) responders. In this study, we hypothesized that WTC dust, which contained carcinogens and tumor-promoting agents, could facilitate prostate cancer development by inducing DNA damage, promoting cell proliferation, and causing chronic inflammation. We compared expression of immunologic and inflammatory genes using a NanoString assay on archived prostate tumors from WTC Health Program (WTCHP) patients and non-WTC patients with prostate cancer. Furthermore, to assess immediate and delayed responses of prostate tissue to acute WTC dust exposure via intratracheal inhalation, we performed RNA-seq on the prostate of normal rats that were exposed to moderate to high doses of WTC dust. WTC prostate cancer cases showed significant upregulation of genes involved in DNA damage and G2–M arrest. Cell-type enrichment analysis showed that Th17 cells, a subset of proinflammatory Th cells, were specifically upregulated in WTC patients. In rats exposed to WTC dust, we observed upregulation of gene transcripts of cell types involved in both adaptive immune response (dendritic cells and B cells) and inflammatory response (Th17 cells) in the prostate. Unexpectedly, genes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway were also significantly upregulated 30 days after acute dust exposure. Our results suggest that respiratory exposure to WTC dust can induce inflammatory and immune responses in prostate tissue.

Implications:
WTC-related prostate cancer displayed a distinct gene expression pattern that could be the result of exposure to specific carcinogens. Our data warrant further epidemiologic and cellular mechanistic studies to better understand the consequences of WTC dust exposure.
Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/17/8/1605/F1.large.jpg.
Drug Management in End-of-Life Hospitalized Palliative Care Cancer Patients: The RHESO Cohort Study
Authors: Vallard Alexis , Morisson Stéphanie , Tinquaut Fabien , Chauvin Franck , Oriol Mathieu , Chapelle Céline , Sotton Sandrine , Magné Nicolas , Tardy Bernard , Bourmaud Aurélie 
Published: June 2019

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Little data about the management of drugs in terminally ill palliative care cancer patients is available. The present study aimed at describing the evolution of anticancer and non-anticancer treatments (NACTs) in cancer patients in palliative care units. The second objective was to identify factors leading to the medical decision to withdraw or not NACTs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data from 1,091 cancer patients hospitalized in palliative care units were prospectively collected in 2010–2011, through a multicenter, observational French cohort. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The median overall survival after admittance in palliative care units was 15 days. Specific anticancer treatments were systematically stopped in the first 24 h in palliative care units, but for 4.5% of patients. Regarding NACTs, patients were heavily treated with strong opioids (74%), corticosteroids (51%), and antidepressants (21.8%) until death. Antiulcer agents (63.4%), antibiotics (25.7%), thrombosis prevention (21.8%), antidiabetics (7.6%), and transfusions (4%) were often also continuously prescribed. In multivariate analysis, ECOG PS 4 was an independent predictor of continuous prescription of morphine and an independent predictor of discontinuation of corticosteroids, proton-pump inhibitors, antidiabetics, and preventive anticoagulant therapy. Infection symptoms independently predicted continuous prescription of paracetamol. Paralysis and cancer palpable mass independently predicted corticosteroid withdrawal. Brain metastases independently predicted antiulcer withdrawal. Hemorrhage independently predicted preventive anticoagulant withdrawal. Availability to a venous access independently predicted paracetamol and antiulcer continuous prescriptions. Co-prescriptions independently predicted continuous prescriptions (antibiotics with antiulcer, antifungals with antibiotics) or withdrawal (preventive anticoagulant with antiplatelets and antifungals). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> NACT prescription remained commonplace in terminally ill palliative cancer patients, although their benefit is questionable.
Blood Biomarkers of Heart Failure and Hypercoagulation to Identify Atrial Fibrillation–Related Stroke
Authors: Kneihsl Markus , Gattringer Thomas , Bisping Egbert , Scherr Daniel , Raggam Reinhard , Mangge Harald , Enzinger Christian , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Eppinger Sebastian , Hermetter Christina , Bucnik Bernd , Poltrum Birgit , Niederkorn Kurt , Fazekas Franz 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
Occult atrial fibrillation (AF) causes a relevant proportion of initially cryptogenic stroke (CS), but prolonged rhythm monitoring is difficult to apply to all such patients. We hypothesized that blood biomarkers indicating heart failure (NT-proBNP [N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide]) and hypercoagulability (D-dimer, AT-III [antithrombin-III]) were associated with AF-related stroke and could serve to predict the likelihood of AF detection in CS patients early on.

Methods—
Over a 1-year period, we prospectively applied a defined etiologic work-up to all ischemic stroke patients admitted to our stroke unit. If no clear stroke cause was detected (CS), patients underwent extended in-hospital cardiac rhythm monitoring (≥72 hours). Blood to determine biomarker levels was drawn within 24 hours after admission.

Results—
Of 429 patients, 103 had AF-related stroke. Compared with noncardiac stroke patients (n=171), they had higher NT-proBNP (1867 versus 263 pg/ml) and D-dimer levels (1.1 versus 0.6 µg/ml), and lower AT-III concentration (89% versus 94%). NT-proBNP ≥505 pg/ml distinguished AF-related from noncardiac stroke with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 72%. D-dimer and AT-III cutoffs had lower sensitivities (61% and 53%) and specificities (58% and 69%) for AF-related stroke. Of all initially 143 CS patients, 14 were diagnosed with AF during in-hospital monitoring. The preidentified NT-proBNP cutoff ≥505 pg/ml correctly predicted AF in 12 of them (86%, negative predictive value: 98%), while D-dimer and AT-III cutoffs were noncontributory.

Conclusions—
This study supports the association of NT-proBNP and to a lesser extent of hypercoagulation markers with AF-related stroke. NT-proBNP seems helpful in selecting CS patients for immediate extended cardiac rhythm monitoring to detect occult AF whereby levels <505 pg/ml seem to have a high-negative predictive value.