bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROBLEMATIZANDO EXPERIÊNCIAS DE MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA DESENVOLVIDAS NO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Neide Italo Gabriel , Böckel Wolmir José , König Rosilene Inês , Haefliger Camila , Hepp Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara 
Published: July 2018

Este relato objetiva apresentar resultados oriundos de uma atividade de Modelagem Matemática desenvolvida com alunos do 1º ano do E. M. O planejamento ocorreu entre uma professora de Matemática, integrantes da Pesquisa Tendências no Ensino e bolsistas. O grupo se reuniu durante dois meses. A prática de Modelagem Matemática foi planejada à luz dos passos de Burak e Aragão (2012). O papel da professora titular foi o de mediadora. Os resultados apontam que nem todos os alunos conseguiram realizar registros matemáticos. Entretanto, puderam-se observar tabelas, maquetes, gráficos, quadros e uma equação expressa. A prática revelou o quanto a exploração contribuiu no entendimento de aspectos relacionados à água. Os alunos afirmaram que foi relevante aprender matemática de forma contextualizada e que foram corresponsáveis pela sua aprendizagem. Ainda aludiram que desenvolveram a capacidade de colaborar com os colegas, trabalhando em pequenos grupos.
Modular Self‐Assembling Peptide Platform with a Tunable Thermoresponsiveness via a Single Amino Acid Substitution
Authors: Jeong Woo‐jin , Kwon Soo hyun , Lim Yong‐beom 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe introduction of a stimulus‐responsive property is an effective way to increase the applicability of functional materials in the field of nanobiotechnology. Herein, a peptide platform is devised for constructing elastin‐like peptide amphiphiles (ELPAs) that exhibit a temperature‐responsiveness that can be easily tuned via a single N‐terminal amino acid substitution at the final step of peptide synthesis. Due to the modular property of peptides, the platform based on a miniaturized elastin‐like peptide (MELP) can be conjugated with various bioactive peptide sequences in diverse macromolecular topologies. First, the MELP platform is coupled with a short linear RGD peptide. The ELPAs of the peptide conjugates exhibit rapid aggregation (coacervation) and retard disaggregation in response to heating and cooling, respectively. Second, the platform is grafted with an α‐helical guest peptide in a lariat‐type structure, which forms ELPAs that undergo faster disassembly than the ELPAs without the guest peptide in response to temperature increases. Interestingly, the critical temperatures for the thermoresponsive behaviors are commonly dependent on the hydrophobic and aromatic properties of the N‐terminal amino acid residues. These results suggest that this peptide platform possesses great potential for use in the development of smart materials in wide‐ranging applications related to temperature change.
Bispentiptycenyl‐N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Gold Complexes: Highly Active Catalysts for the Room Temperature Hydration of Alkynes
Authors: Heidrich Maximillian , Bergmann Marvin , Müller‐Borges Dorian , Plenio Herbert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe virtually quantitative, room temperature hydration of various terminal and internal alkynes in methanol/water requires between 0.01–0.05 mol% of [AuCl(NHC)] activated with 1.5 equiv. of silver triflate and 45 equiv. of triflic acid (both relative to gold complex) with ton of up to 300.000. Iptycenyl‐substituted NHC ligands play the key role and the most efficient NHC ligand is characterized by a hemispherical shape formed by two N‐pentiptycenyl substituents.magnified image
Origin of Positive Aging in Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Su Qiang , Sun Yizhe , Zhang Heng , Chen Shuming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe phenomenon of positive aging, i.e., efficiency increased with time, is observed in quantum‐dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). For example, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of blue QLEDs is significantly improved from 4.93% to 12.97% after storage for 8 d. The origin of such positive aging is thoroughly investigated. The finding indicates that the interfacial reaction between Al cathode and ZnMgO electron transport layer accounts for such improvement. During shelf‐aging, the Al slowly reacts with the oxygen from ZnMgO, and consequently, leads to the formation of AlOx and the production of oxygen vacancies in ZnMgO. The AlOx interlayer reduces the electron injection barrier while the oxygen vacancies increase the conductivity of ZnMgO and, as a result, the electron injection is effectively enhanced. Moreover, the AlOx can effectively suppress the quenching of excitons by metal electrode. Due to the enhancement of electron injection and suppression of exciton quenching, the aged blue, green, and red QLEDs exhibit a 2.6‐, 1.3‐, and 1.25‐fold efficiency improvement, respectively. The studies disclose the origin of positive aging and provide a new insight into the exciton quenching mechanisms, which would be useful for further constructing efficient QLED devices.
Trajectory analysis among African hominoids can provide insights into genetic and epigenetic influences during ontogeny
Authors: Turley Kevin , Simons Evan A. , Frost Stephen R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivesPrior examination of the ontogeny of Hominoid talo‐crural joint morphology using Singular Warp analysis suggested both a genetic and epigenetic signal during development. This question is examined using trajectory analysis and its implications for the Hominin fossil record explored.Materials and methodsTrajectory analysis was used to examine talo‐crural joint shape at different molar eruption stages during development among a cohort of 221 specimens of Homo sapiens, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Pan paniscus. Trajectory length, angle, and shape were compared among species. Trajectories that showed a consistent pattern of shape change were predicted to show a genetic signal, while change in that pattern an epigenetic signal.ResultsThe trajectories of all four hominoid tali were consistent during M1‐M2 development, but there was a change in Pan paniscus alone at M2‐M3. The tibial trajectories were again consistent in M1‐M2 development, however, only Pan paniscus persisted in this trajectory at M2‐M3 while the other three changed.DiscussionTrajectory analysis demonstrated an epigenetic signal in Pan paniscus in the talus and among the other three hominoids in the tibia. Behavioral (epigenetic) changes may impact hominoid ankle shape in extant species. These changes may reflect differences in locomotor repertoire altering shape, as has been suggested in the Hominin fossil record. Further examination of closely related hominoid species may provide insights into potential behavioral influences in the rapid change and diversity of Hominin talo‐crural shape in the Plio‐pleistocene.
Peptid‐Diversifizierung durch positionsselektive C‐H‐Aktivierung im späten Synthesestadium
Authors: Wang Wei , Lorion Mélanie M. , Shah Jagrut , Kapdi Anant R. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie Modifikation von strukturell komplexen Peptiden im späten Stadium der Synthese birgt großes Potenzial unter anderem für die Wirkstoffforschung, den Pflanzenschutz und die Pharmaindustrie. Während sich traditionelle Ansätze bisher weitgehend auf Vorfunktionalisierungen stützten, hat sich die C‐H‐Aktivierungskatalyse in den letzten Jahren als immer leistungsfähigere Methode für posttranslationale Peptid‐Modifikationen mit kürzeren Syntheserouten herausgestellt. Dieser Kurzaufsatz präsentiert zusammenfassend die jüngsten Erfolge in der metallorganischen C‐H‐Aktivierung an Peptiden bis Juni 2018, unter anderem mit positions‐ und chemoselektiven Palladium‐, Ruthenium‐ und Mangankatalysatoren.
Multimodale Kontrastmittel für die kombinierte Positronenemissionstomographie
Authors: Ni Dalong , Ehlerding Emily B. , Cai Weibo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPositronenemissionstomographie (PET) liefert quantitative In‐vivo‐Informationen mit höchster Empfindlichkeit, ist aber von einer vergleichsweise niedrigen räumlichen Auflösung geprägt. Um diese Einschränkung zu überwinden, stehen kommerziell erhältliche Kombinationen aus PET und orthogonalen Bildgebungsverfahren zur Verfügung, wie etwa PET/Computertomographie (CT) oder PET/Magnetresonanztomographie (MR). Inspiriert von Entwicklungen in der Nanomedizin sind zahlreiche Nanopartikel zur Kontrastverstärkung multimodaler Bildgebungsverfahren entwickelt worden. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst die jüngsten Entwicklungen bei PET‐basierten Nanosonden zusammen und gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Fortschritte und Herausforderungen in diesem Gebiet.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirocyclic β‐Lactams through Copper‐Catalyzed Kinugasa/Michael Domino Reactions
Authors: Shu Tao , Zhao Long , Li Sun , Chen Xiang‐Yu , von Essen Carolina , Rissanen Kari , Enders Dieter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe first copper‐catalyzed highly chemo‐, regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective Kinugasa/Michael domino reaction for the desymmetrization of prochiral cyclohexadienones is described. In the presence of a chiral copper catalyst, alkyne‐tethered cyclohexadienones couple with nitrones to generate the chiral spirocyclic lactams with excellent stereoselectivity (up to 97 % ee, >20:1 dr). The new method provides direct access to versatile highly functionalized spirocyclic β‐lactams possessing four contiguous stereocenters, including one quaternary and one tetra‐substituted stereocenter.
Utility of ninhydrin reagent for spectrofluorimetric determination of heptaminol in human plasma
Authors: Omar Mahmoud A. , Nagy Dalia M. , Halim Monica E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor the determination of heptaminol (HEP) in its authentic and dosage form as well as in human plasma, a new simple, sensitive and cheap fluorimetric method of analysis was developed and validated. The presented method is based on the reaction between aliphatic primary amino moiety present in HEP with ninhydrin and phenylacetaldehyde using Torell and Stenhagen buffer at pH 8.2 that yields a highly fluorescent derivative which after excitation at 390 nm showed a fluorescence emission at 464 nm. The effects of various experimental factors on both the development and stability of the fluorescent product was evaluated and optimized. In the concentration range (0.5–6.0 μg/ml), the constructed calibration curve was linear with a good correlation coefficient (0.9997) and the calculated limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.14 and 0.43 respectively. The presented method was successfully applied for determination of Corasore® tablets and validated according to ICH guidelines.
Assessing corporate environmental issues in international companies: A study of explanatory factors
Authors: Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnvironmental issues have become increasingly important for companies and society in general, and information about them is of concern, to the extent that many companies have been criticized for their negative impact on the environment, rather than for their technological and economic performance. This paper attempts to go a step further by developing an index of environmental issues from the Thomson Reuters Eikon database using statistical techniques to analyze the type of environmental information that companies report internationally. An index of 71 environmental variables was constructed and a dependency model was set up to determine the explanatory variables that may influence this index of environmental disclosure. Innovation, economic development and geographical areas are some of the variables used that have been less tested in previous studies.
Kinetically Stable Bicelles with Dilution Tolerance, Size Tunability, and Thermoresponsiveness for Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Uchida Noriyuki , Nishizawa Horimoto Noriko , Yamada Kuniyo , Hikima Takaaki , Ishida Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMixtures of a phospholipid (1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylcholine, DPPC) and a sodium‐cholate‐derived surfactant (SC‐C5) at room temperature formed phospholipid bilayer fragments that were edge‐stabilized by SC‐C5: so‐called “bicelles”. Because the bilayer melting point of DPPC (41 °C) is above room temperature and because SC‐C5 has an exceptionally low critical micelle concentration (<0.5 mm), the bicelles are kinetically frozen at room temperature. Consequently, they exist even when the mixture is diluted to a concentration of 0.04 wt %. In addition, the lateral size of the bicelles can be fine‐tuned by altering the molar ratio of DPPC to SC‐C5. On heating to ≈37 °C, the bicelles transformed into micelles composed of DPPC and SC‐C5. By taking advantage of the dilution tolerance, size tunability, and thermoresponsiveness, we demonstrated in vitro drug delivery based on use of the bicelles as carriers, which suggests their potential utility in transdermal drug delivery.
Disentangling Ultrafast Electronic and Structural Dynamics with X‐Ray Lasers
Authors: Collet Eric , Cammarata Marco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDirecting the functionality of molecules, materials and biophysical systems is challenging both from fundamental and applied standpoints. For example, understanding the elementary processes responsible for light‐induced transformations require watching electronic and structural reorganizations on their intrinsic timescales. The X‐ray free electron lasers (X‐FEL) represent a new generation of incredibly short and ultra‐bright X‐ray source, which open new possibilities for developing the multidisciplinary field of ultrafast science. Experiments around X‐FEL provide probes, sensitive to electronic and structural reorganizations, able to monitor transformations on the femtosecond timescale (1 fs=10−15 s). Recent years have seen terrific successes in providing a detailed view on light‐induced processes, compared to what was understood from conventional optical pump‐probe spectroscopy. This Concept article aims at illustrating, through recent studies mainly focussing on light‐induced excited spin state trapping, how these X‐FEL based techniques can help understanding light‐activated functions, by monitoring elementary electronic and structural processes that may occur beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation.
Hyper‐Cross‐Linked Polyacetylene‐Type Microporous Networks Decorated with Terminal Ethynyl Groups as Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts for Acetalization and Esterification Reactions
Authors: Sekerová Lada , Lhotka Miloslav , Vyskočilová Eliška , Faukner Tomáš , Slováková Eva , Brus Jiří , Červený Libor , Sedláček Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysts based on materials with permanent porosity are of great interest owing to their high specific surface area, easy separation, recovery, and recycling ability. Additionally, porous polymer catalysts (PPCs) allow us to tune catalytic activity by introducing various functional centres. This study reports the preparation of PPCs with a permanent micro/mesoporous texture and a specific surface area SBET of up to 1000 m2 g−1 active in acid‐catalyzed reactions, namely aldehyde and ketone acetalization and carboxylic acid esterification. These PPC‐type conjugated hyper‐cross‐linked polyarylacetylene networks were prepared by chain‐growth homopolymerization of 1,4‐diethynylbenzene, 1,3,5‐triethynylbenzene and tetrakis(4‐ethynylphenyl)methane. However, only some ethynyl groups of the monomers (from 58 to 80 %) were polymerized into the polyacetylene network segments while the other ethynyl groups remained unreacted. Depending on the number of ethynyl groups per monomer molecule and the covalent structure of the monomer, PPCs were decorated with unreacted ethynyl groups from 3.2 to 6.7 mmol g−1. The hydrogen atoms of the unreacted ethynyl groups served as acid catalytic centres of the aforementioned organic reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study describing the high activity of hydrogen atoms of ethynyl groups in acid‐catalyzed reactions.
A multiscale computational modeling for cerebral blood flow with aneurysms and/or stenoses
Authors: Yu Hongtao , Huang George P. , Yang Zifeng , Ludwig Bryan R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA 1‐dimensional (1D)‐3‐dimensional (3D) multiscale model for the human vascular network was proposed by combining a low‐fidelity 1D modeling of blood circulation to account for the global hemodynamics with a detailed 3D simulation of a zonal vascular segment. The coupling approach involves a direct exchange of flow and pressure information at interfaces between the 1D and 3D models and thus enables patient‐specific morphological models to be inserted into flow network with minimum computational efforts. The proposed method was validated with good agreements against 3 simplified test cases where experimental data and/or full 3D numerical solution were available. The application of the method in aneurysm and stenosis studies indicated that the deformation of the geometry caused by the diseases may change local pressure loss and as a consequence lead to an alteration of flow rate to the vessel segment.
Design of a Mesoscale Continuous‐Flow Route toward Lithiated Methoxyallene
Authors: Seghers Sofie , Heugebaert Thomas S. A. , Moens Matthias , Sonck Jolien , Thybaut Joris W. , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the group of Christian Stevens at Ghent University. The image shows how continuous flow chemistry can help to rapidly obtain a library of compounds. Lithiated alkoxyallenes are like chameleons turning themselves into a variety of heterocycles. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201800760.
Inflammation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue does not attenuate endothelial function in subjects with diabetes mellitus and subjects with dyslipidaemia and hypertension: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: van Poppel Pleun C. M. , Abbink Evertine J. , Stienstra Rinke , Netea Mihai G. , Tack Cees J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundObesity is associated with low‐grade inflammation that may be related to vascular disease. We hypothesized that inflammation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with impaired endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation.MethodsWe assessed endothelial function by measuring forearm vascular response to acetylcholine and determined inflammation in subcutaneous fat biopsies in 2 groups of subjects; 15 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 19 subjects with dyslipidaemia combined with hypertension (DcH). The adipose tissue inflammation score was based on adipocyte size, influx of macrophages and presence of crown‐like structures. We compared the vascular response to acetylcholine between subjects with and without adipose tissue inflammation.ResultsPatients with diabetes had clearly decreased vasodilatation compared to patients with DcH. In total, 23 of the 34 fulfilled the criteria of subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation. However, there was no difference in vascular response to acetylcholine between the group with and without inflammation (changes in FBF from baseline 3.9 ± 0.8, 7.8 ± 1.0 and 13.6 ± 1.0 mL/dL/min compared to 4.3 ± 1.0, 7.9 ± 2.1 and 12.2 ± 2.4 mL/dL/min in response to acetylcholine 0.5, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/dL/min), nor was there a relationship between systemic hs‐CRP levels and endothelial function.ConclusionsWe confirm that subjects with T2DM have impaired endothelial function compared to age‐ and BMI‐matched subjects with DcH. However, endothelial function did not differ between participants with or without inflammation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These results suggest that fat tissue inflammation, at least in the subcutaneous compartment, does not affect vascular function.
Facies analyses and depositional setting of the Lower Cretaceous Shurijeh–Shatlyk formations in the Kopeh Dagh–Amu Darya Basin (Iran and Turkmenistan)
Authors: Hosseinyar Gholamreza , Moussavi‐Harami Reza , Abdollahie Fard Iraj , Mahboubi Asadollah , Noemani Rad Rooholah , Ebrahimi Mohammad‐Hassan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Lower Cretaceous siliciclastic fluvial to shallow marine Shurijeh–Shatlyk formations together form one of the main reservoir successions in the Kopeh Dagh–Amu Darya Basin (NE Iran, Turkmenistan, and north of Afghanistan). Sedimentary facies and thickness changes in the Shurijeh–Shatlyk formations show complex variations throughout the basin, which highlight the importance of understanding the controlling factors on facies distribution and depositional setting for future hydrocarbon exploration. Integration of 3D seismic data, 13 boreholes, and five surface stratigraphic sections led to identification of lithofacies and facies associations. The results allow subdivision of this siliciclastic succession into four stratigraphic units (A, B, C, and D). Our study indicates that base‐level changes interacted with palaeotopography inherited from Middle Jurassic basin rifting, Upper Jurassic carbonate reefs/patch reef distributions, and reactivation of the deep basin faults, to control the Shurijeh–Shatlyk depositional setting and sedimentary facies distribution. Our findings show that the Aghdarband and Badkhyz–Maimana palaeo‐highs affected the Kopeh Dagh–Amu Darya Basin throughout deposition of the Shurijeh–Shatlyk formations. Allogeneic processes and active tectonics, related to the Valanginian Late Cimmerian Orogeny, caused a base‐level fall, exposure of Upper Jurassic carbonate sediments, and deposition of a carbonate pebbly conglomerate unit in the western part of the study area. This base‐level fall led to the deposition of thick evaporites in the western area and conglomerate in the eastern parts of the Kopeh Dagh. Due to a Hauterivian sea‐/base‐level rise, several deltas formed in the basin, which form the main reservoir zone in the Murgab Depression and Khangiran Field in Turkmenistan and Iran.
Applications of PET‐MRI in musculoskeletal disease
Authors: Kogan Feliks , Broski Stephen M. , Yoon Daehyun , Gold Garry E. 
Published: July 2018

New integrated PET‐MRI systems potentially provide a complete imaging modality for diagnosis and evaluation of musculoskeletal disease. MRI is able to provide excellent high‐resolution morphologic information with multiple contrast mechanisms that has made it the imaging modality of choice in evaluation of many musculoskeletal disorders. PET offers incomparable abilities to provide quantitative information about molecular and physiologic changes that often precede structural and biochemical changes. In combination, hybrid PET‐MRI can enhance imaging of musculoskeletal disorders through early detection of disease as well as improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this article is to review emerging applications of PET‐MRI in musculoskeletal disease. Both clinical applications of malignant musculoskeletal disease as well as new opportunities to incorporate the molecular capabilities of nuclear imaging into studies of nononcologic musculoskeletal disease are discussed. Lastly, we discuss some of the technical considerations and challenges of PET‐MRI as they specifically relate to musculoskeletal disease.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:27–47.