bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delirium-Prevention Programs in German and Austrian Hospitals – Views on Goals, Barriers, Facilitators and Implementation Procedures: A Qualitative Telephone Study / Programme zur Delirprävention in deutschsprachigen Krankenhäusern: eine qualitative, telefonische Befragung zu den Zielstellungen, Barrieren, Förderbedingungen und Umsetzungsschritten in der Implementationsphase
Authors: Wübbeler Markus , Bachmann Sandra , Bringemeier Julia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Analysis of barriers, facilitators and concepts to implement delirium prevention programs in German and Austrian hospitals.

Materials and Methods
Qualitative, semi-structured expert interviews with 9 leaders of delirium prevention programs in Germany and Austria.

Results
Leaders described delirium incidence reduction, higher standards in hospital care for older patients, and improvement of employee satisfaction as goals for their delirium prevention pro-gram. Barriers were described with fragmented hospital care structures – regarding sections and professional background of the staff – and lack of financial resources. Facilitators were named with acknowledging delirium prevention successes of known community leaders and building interest groups and networks. For the implementation of their delirium prevention program, hospitals used working groups and networks to benefit from outside perspectives on their implementation process.

Conclusion
Although delirium prevention is associated with cost savings in hospital procedures, program leaders described a lack of financial resources to implement delirium prevention programs. To face the demographic shift in hospital care, it is vital to implement national health care funding for delirium prevention programs. Currently, hospital leaders described an undersupply of older patients with delirium in German and Austrian hospital care.
Human Leukocyte Antigens Class II Alleles Affecting the Response to 5–7 Year Antiretroviral Therapy in A Latvian Cohort
Authors: Jasinskis Vladislavs , Koļesova Oksana , Koļesovs Aleksandrs , Rozentāle Baiba , Ažiņa Inga , Kramiča Ksenija , Vīksna Ludmila , Eglīte Jeļena 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) aims at suppressing viral replication and strengthening immune system in patients with HIV-1. Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) are among factors responsible for effectiveness of ART. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HLA Class II alleles on the response to long-time ART, assessed by a change in CD4+ T-cell count in relation to viral load. The sample included 69 patients (17 females and 52 males) aged 20 to 50 with HIV-1 infection, who were undergoing ART in the Latvian Centre of Infectious Diseases. The median period of observation was 5.7 years. CD4+ T-cell count and viral load were analysed at the baseline and end of the period of observation. HLA typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction with low resolution sequence specific primers. Multiple hierarchical linear regression analysis confirmed that an increase in HIV-1 viral load was associated with a decrease in the level of CD4+ T-cell count. In addition, HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DQB1*06:01 alleles contributed negatively to the level of CD4+ T-cell count.
Biomechanical Properties of Human Dilated Ascending Aorta
Authors: Brečs Ivars , Stradiņš Pēteris , Kalējs Mārtiņš , Strazdiņš Uldis , Ozolanta Iveta , Kasyanov Vladimir 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Aneurysms of ascending aorta are dilatation of the first part of the human aorta. They commonly show no clinical symptoms. This condition increases the risk of aorta dissection, which is a life-threatening condition. In this study we attempted to elucidate the changes in the biomechanical properties that occur in the dilated human ascending aorta. Fourteen specimens of ascending aorta wall were mechanically tested under a uniaxial tensile test. Two specimens from each ascending aorta anterior region were cut in longitudinal and circumferential directions. The samples were stretched until rupture of the sample occurred. The obtained experimental data were processed to determine maximal stress, maximal strain and the tangential modulus of elasticity in the linear part of the stress-strain curve. The obtained results showed a remarkable anisotropy of the ascending aorta tissue. We found higher strength of the tissue in the circumferential direction than in the longitudinal direction. There were no statistically significant differences between the strains of the samples. Tangential modulus of elasticity of the aortic samples in the longitudinal direction was significantly lower than the elastic modulus of the samples in the circumferential direction. The tissue in the circumferential direction is stronger and stiffer than in the longitudinal direction.
Presence of Human Bocavirus 1 and other Respiratory Viruses in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Latvia
Authors: Vilmane Anda , Ziemele Inga , Rasa Santa , Terentjeva Anna , Murovska Modra , Gardovska Dace , Lin Yung-Cheng , Nora-Krūkle Zaiga 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality of children in the world. In addition to respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus types A and B, parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 3, and adenoviruses, several new respiratory viruses associated with LRTI were discovered in the 21st century. These are metapneumovirus, coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1, parainfluenza virus type four and human bocavirus one (HBoV1). HBoV1 was discovered in 2005 and is considered as the fourth most prevalent respiratory virus worldwide. However, the high frequency of co-infections detected together with HBoV1 raises doubt about whether HBoV1 is a true pathogen or just a bystander. This is the first study aimed to determine the presence of HBoV1 and 18 other respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) of children with LRTI in Latvia. Using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction method, the HBoV1 genomic sequence was detected in 60.0% of NPA samples, showing that HBoV1 prevalence is high among children with LRTI in Latvia. HBoV1 mono-infection was revealed in 6.67%. The most common co-infections associated with HBoV1 were rhinovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus A and B, metapneumovirus, and enterovirus.
Retrospective Serological Evidence of High Exposure of Globally Relevant Zoonotic Parasite Toxoplasma Gondii in The Latvian Population
Authors: Deksne Gunita , Veisa Vija , Rezeberga Dace , Vīksna Ludmila , Krūmiņa Angelika 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an important infection caused by the single-celled parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which is a zoonotic parasite causing widespread human and animal diseases, mostly involving the central nervous system. Humans can acquire toxoplasmosis by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing T. gondii tissue cysts, ingestion of oocysts shed by infected felids via contaminated food or water, and by vertical transmission to the fetus through the placenta from the mother during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of specific anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using a large set of clinical diagnostic laboratory data obtained over a 14-year period. In total, 25 069 unique patients were included in the present study. The overall specific anti-T. gondii IgG prevalence were 36.3%, which was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than IgM prevalence (2.4%). Mean age for IgG antibody-positive patients was 33.7 ± 12.2 years. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.99; p < 0.01) was observed between age group and anti-T. gondii IgG antibody prevalence, which ranged from 4.2% to 66.7%. The most prevalent (69.9%; 95% CI 69.2–70.7) comorbidities of patients tested for presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were classified as factors affecting health status which includes also monitoring of normal pregnancy.
Differences in Long- and Short-Term Memory Performance and Brain Matter Integrity in Seniors With Different Physical Activity Experience
Authors: Šneidere Kristīne , Alruwais Nourah , Dowell Nicholas G. , Arnis Voldemārs , Harlamova Jeļena , Kupčs Kārlis , Mintāle Iveta , Ulmane Zane , Vanaga Andra , Young Jeremy C. , Rusted Jennifer , Stepens Ainārs 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Due to increasing changes in demographics, maintaining cognitive functioning later in life has become both economic and social concerns, and thus finding a cost-effective solution is one of the priorities in research. Factors like physical and intellectual activities have been associated with better cognitive performance in later life. While several studies have considered the impact of short-term physical activity interventions on cognitive functioning, retrospective research focusing on life-time physical activity experience has been sparse. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between memory performance and whole brain matter integrity in seniors with different regular life-long physical activity experience. Fifty-three Latvian seniors aged 65–85 (M = 72.25, SD = 5.03, 83% female) with no self-reported chronic disease participated in the study. Measures of memory, physical activity and whole brain matter integrity were obtained and analysed. The obtained results indicated no significant relationship between physical activity experience and short and long-term memory and whole brain matter integrity; however, brain matter integrity was significantly correlated with demographic factors like age and education. These results might be related to inadequate physical activity measures, as well as unequal physical activity experience in participants. In the future, more detailed assessment of physical activity experience should be considered.
Long-Term Evaluation of The Functional and Esthetical Outcomes for The New Method of The Toe-To-Hand Transfer for Full-Length Thumb Reconstruction in Congenital Thumb’s Hypoplasia in Children
Authors: Ozols Dzintars , Zariņš Jānis , Pētersons Aigars 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Congenital thumb hypoplasia is a rare deformity of the upper extremity. Incidence of thumb hypoplasia type I–V was 2–3 and type IIIb-V was 0.5–1 per 20 000 newborns per year in Latvia. The classification of thumb hypoplasia was created by Blauth in 1967 (type I to V). The base of the metacarpal bone is absent for hypoplasia type IIIb–V; therefore, toe-to hand transplantation is not recommended. A stable first carpometacarpal joint has been considered a mandatory factor for successful toe-to-hand transplantation. A technique for toe-to-hand transplantation for thumb hypoplasia type IIIb–V patients has been described in literature but overall results were not better than pollicisation. The aim of this study is to describe a new technique for thumb reconstruction with a second toe transfer with metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis, which can provide a 5-digit hand and restore the functionality of the thumb for thumb hypoplasia IIIb–V. Long-term follow up was done to evaluate the functions and aesthetics of the hands. A survey to evaluate aesthetical outcome for the transplantation method and pollicisation method was completed by 290 respondents. The overall population rated the aesthetic outcomes of the new transplantation method significantly higher than for pollicisation (p < 0.0001).
Changes in Diagnostic Patterns of Depression Among Family Physicians in Latvia after Participating in The Education Course on Depression Developed within the National Research Programme Biomedicine 2014–2017: Preliminary Results
Authors: Rancāns Elmārs , Ķīvīte-Urtāne Anda 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Annually, 7.9% of the general population in Latvia are suffering from depression. According to the official statistics, less than 8000 persons a year have been treated for depression in the state-paid health care services while the National Research Programme (NRP) BIOMEDICINE 2014–2017 found that more than 70 000 depressed patients annually are coming to family physicians (FPs) in Latvia. Within NRP researchers have developed an algorithm for diagnostics and treatment of depression and carried out ten educational courses for FPs all over Latvia in 2016. Data on the treatment of depression have been collected from the National Health Service (NHS) database from 01.01.2015 till 30.06.2017. Changes between the trained and control groups have been calculated for the time period before intervention — 2015–2016 and six months right after it. The “Depression School” was attended by 210 (15.2%) out of 1382 FPs, in contract with the NHS, who signed in for the course on first-to-come basis. There were no statistically significant demographic differences between trained and control groups, except, a larger proportion of FPs from rural places vs. the capital city attended the courses. Comparing the trained and control groups, during the period before the intervention there were on average 0.96 vs. 0.83 depressive episodes (F32) and 3.26 vs.1.74 recurrent depressive disorder (F33) episodes in 1/2 year (p < 0.001). Statistically significant increase was observed for F33 episodes (+1.42, p < 0.001), and numeric for F32 episodes (+0.18, p = 0.36) in the trained group of FPs in 2017. In total this gave a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase by 43.6% of F33 diagnoses following the education course on depression for family physicians. Further analysis of data to access sustainability of training effect after 12 and 24 months are underway.
The problem of the politicization of ethnic communities in the Flemish region of Belgium
Authors: Chernikina A. N. 
Published: April 2019

This article seeks to trace the reasons for the emergence of separatist sentiments in the European Union states, particularly in Belgium. The article gives its brief assessment of the current state of the issue mentioned and undertakes an analysis of the situation pertaining the Flemish region. Significant attention is being given to the consideration of the economic reasons for the existing disparities and positions of the major nationalistic parties of the region of Flanders. Ethnic and cultural factors continue to play a significant role in the political life of modern European states and often become a major point of contention. The author notes that ethno-political conflicts are quite common, but almost insoluble problems. The origins of such conflicts are usually grounded firmly in the history of resettlement and development of a particular nation or an ethnic group. Besides, they reflect the processes of the restructuring of the global political space and are typically accompanied by political and national self-identification crises. It is equally important to understand the importance of certain historic periods to a nation, inhabiting the specific territory of a state.In the case of Belgium, the period of its formation, and the developments, contributing to the country’s independence in the 19th century, are directly related to the Flemish people’s national memory — a key factor needed to determine the specifics of the existing differences between the two regions. Over the centuries, one ethnic group has been suppressed by the neighboring one. It couldn’t not fully fulfil its cultural and economic potential.The change of the status of the Flemings in Belgium in the 20th century, the equalization of both nations in their rights have failed to resolve all the contradictions existing for centuries. The traditional Flemish desire to promote and protect the region’s interests has generated separatist sentiments, which still make up a significant part of the country’s domestic political agenda. However, owing to the fragmentation of the nationalist groups and the lack of coherent policy among them, it is currently impossible to make a statement on the region’s secession.
PENERAPAN VENDOR MANAGED INVENTORY (VMI) DAN GENETIC ALGORITHM (GA) DALAM MENENTUKAN UKURAN LOT OPTIMAL ANTARA PEMASOK TUNGGAL DAN MULTI PEMBELI UNTUK MULTI PRODUK
Authors: Batubara Sumiharni , Rahmirda Zasqia 
Published: April 2019

PT. Armstrong Industri Indonesia merupakan produsen komponen elektronik dan otomotif. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah plastic film, tape, foam, felt, cork, papper, non woven fabric, dan rubber. Permasalahan yang dihadapi saat ini, tidak ada kepastian jumlah permintaan dari pihak pembeli dan belum ada sistem manajemen persediaan dari kedua belah pihak. Hal ini menyebabkan perusahaan harus menyediakan persediaan dalam jumlah yang tidak terencana dengan baik, mengakibatkan pemborosan biaya persediaan. Tujuan penelitian, menentukan ukuran lot optimal antara pemasok tunggal dan multi pembeli untuk multi produk dengan menggunakan Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) dan Genetic Algorithm (GA) berdasarkan total biaya persediaan minimum.Penelitian, dilakukan terhadap dua pihak pembeli PT.X dan PT.Y, dan dua buah produk, yaitu LL Flush With 4 Folding (LLFW4F) dan LL Flush Without Folding (LLFWOF) dan PT. Amstrong Indonesia pihak pemasok.Penerapan Metode Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) dan Genetic Algorithm (GA), untuk memecahkan permasalahan persediaan multi-buyer multi-produkdan pemasok tunggal, untuk menentukan lot optimal. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diperoleh untuk ukuran lot optimal, total biaya persediaan kondisi awal sebesar Rp 61.855.631,- menggunakan VMI, sebesar Rp. 54.955.334,- menggunakan GA sebesar Rp. 27.762.125,- yang berarti, terjadi penghematan masing masing sebesar 11,16% dengan metode VMI dan 44,88% dengan menggunakan GA dibandingkan kondisi awal.
Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga Menjadi Pupuk Organik Menggunakan Komposter di Lingkungan Desa Montong Baan Selatan, Kecamatan Sikur, Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Tinarja Daniel Rinengkuh , Novibriawan Fedik , Adilatussiam Dewi Komala , Zein Nia Audina , Prastika Meta Yunia , Parwati Nina , Ratnah Ratnah , Risnadewi Widia Nila 
Published: April 2019

Abstract: South Montong Baan Village is one of the villages in East Lombok Regency which the majority of the people there rely heavily on the agricultural sector. The problem still faced by the locals is that the lack of awareness in managing the waste. An alternative way offered to overcome the situations by educating the locals on how to make use of domestic waste and training, producing, making use, monitoring, and evaluating. The outcomes of the program held is the farmer group of South Montong Baan has potential things to produce organic fertilizer (compose) from domestic scale by using waste such as kitchen stuff and livestock manure. The results of the waste from the composter are in the forms of liquid and non-liquid which both can be applied to the plants, the fermentation process takes about 2 till 3 weeks for the fertilizer to be used. The outcomes from monitoring and evaluating showed that the application of organic fertilizer made from domestic waste can decrease the use of inorganic fertilizer which in turn can reduce the expense of the farming activities and the local farmer group has also committed in developing organic fertilizer from the domestic waste as a sustainable effort of agricultural development programs.Keywords: Composter, Domestic waste; Organic Fertilizer;
O ensino de probabilidade com questões sociais
Authors: Silva Márcio José , Alves Fábio José da Costa , Noronha Claudianny Amorim 
Published: April 2019

: Objetivando verificar se o uso da sequência didática, envolvendo situações sociais do município de Abaetetuba, torna o ensino e aprendizagem de probabilidade atraente é que se efetivou o presente artigo; parte integrante de uma pesquisa realizada no Mestrado em Educação da Universidade do Estado do Pará. O cabedal metodológico tem seu respaldo na Educação Matemática Critica de Skovsmose (2008) , traduzido por Abreu (2012). Fundamentada em autores como: Passos (2008); Rotuno (2007), Reis (2010), Canaveze (2013); Lima (2013); Vargas (2011); Neves (2015); Souza (2012), entre outros, que justificam um ensino de Matemática propiciador da formação crítica dos alunos, realizou-se, primeiramente, um experimento de validação da sequência didática, a qual construído a partir da contribuição de 5(cinco) alunos do curso de Licenciatura Plena em Matemática de uma Universidade Pública da região. Após tal procedimento, utilizou-se do experimento didático, previamente confeccionado, em turma do 2º ano do Ensino Médio, com 30 (trinta) alunos, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, pertencentes a uma escola estadual do município de Abaetetuba/PA. Assim, os resultados do pré e pós-teste apontaram para a necessidade de se trabalhar parte da álgebra básica, atrelada à interpretação de texto, estes em concomitância com o ensino e aprendizagem de probabilidade. Assim, os dados da pesquisa levam a inferir que, tanto na fase da validação quanto na de experimentação didática, as atividades se mostraram estimulantes no que concerne ao fomento da cognição crítica por parte dos alunos, a ponto de revelar um processo de aprendizagem matemática prazeroso e significativo.
NAHDLATUL ULAMA SCHOLAR IN MANDAILING LAND: A Biography of Shaykh Ali Hasan Ahmad ad-Dary
Authors: Syahnan Mhd. 
Published: April 2019

<strong>Abstrak: </strong>Studi ini mengkaji biografi dan gerakan Shaykh Ali Hasan Ahmad ad-Dary yang biasa disebut Tuan Hasan. Studi ini penting dilakukan mengingat studi yang dilakukan peneliti selama ini mencitrakan sosok ulama asal Mandailing ini sebagai sosok yang berjiwa terbelah akibat kajian mereka yang terlalu spesifik. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa Shaykh Ali Hasan merupakan ulama yang berafiliasi dengan organisasi Nahdlatul Ulama<em> </em>(NU) dan ahli dalam sejumlah bidang ilmu-ilmu keislaman. Sementara beberapa studi tentang Shaykh Ali Hasan lebih memfokuskan hanya pada gagasannya dalam bidang hadis dan tasawuf. Studi ini merupakan hasil dari sebuah penelitian kepustakaan dimana data diperoleh dari kegiatan telaah dokumen. Karya-karya Shaykh Ali Hasan dan hasil kajian para ahli tentang dirinya dijadikan sebagai referensi yang akan dianalisis dengan metode analisis isi. Kajian ini akan menunjukkan bahwa Shaykh Ali Hasan menampilkan sosok yang mumpuni dalam bidang ilmu-ilmu keislaman dan aktif dalam dunia pergerakan di Nusantara. Wajah ganda inilah yang membuat dirinya menjadi berbeda dengan sejumlah ulama yang kurang aktif dalam dunia pergerakan. Studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi utama dalam kajian Islam di Mandailing.<br /><strong> </strong><br /><strong>Abstract: Ulama NU di Tanah Mandailing: Biografi Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad ad-Dary</strong><strong>.</strong> This study examines the biography and movements of Shaykh Ali Hasan Ahmad ad-Dary, popularly known as Tuan Hasan. This study is important because the study conducted by researchers thus far has portrayed the figure of the ulama from Mandailing as a split-minded person because their studies are too specific. This study shows that Shaykh Ali Hasan is an ulama affiliated with the Nahdlatul Ulama organization and an expert in many fields of Islamic sciences. Up to the present time, studies of Shaykh Ali Hasan exclusively focuse on his ideas in the realm of hadith and sufism. This study is the result of a literature study where data is obtained from document review activities. Shaykh Ali Hasan’s works and a number of research findings and important studies are used as references to be analyzed by the content analysis method. This study shows that he presents a distinctive figure in the field of Islamic sciences and is active in the world of movement in the archipelago. It is this double faceted roles that makes him different from most scholars who are less active in the world of movement. This study is expected to become the main reference in Islamic studies in Mandailing.<br /> <br /><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>NU, Mandailing, ulama, hadis, tasawuf, hukum Islam