bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bipolar Radiofrequency Energy on Canine Stifle Joint Fluid Temperature
Authors: Waldner Cheryl , Sathya Suresh , Shmon Cindy , Aoki Koji 
Published: May 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bipolar radiofrequency (RF) energy on canine stifle joint fluid temperature.
Materials and Methods A standard stifle arthroscopy was performed on 15 canine large breed cadaveric stifle joints. A bipolar RF (VAPR III, 2.3-mm side effect electrode; Depuy Mitek, Raynham, Massachusetts, United States) unit was activated in the joint (1) with or without direct tissue contact, (2) with or without additional 18-gauge needle outflow and (3) for 15 and 30 seconds. The joint fluid temperature was monitored with two fibre optic intra-articular sensors.
Results The stifle joint fluid temperature was significantly higher when there was no contact between the tissue and RF probe (mean: 58.6°C with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.3–64.0°C) compared with when tissue was contacted (mean: 29.0°C with 95% CI: 26.3–31.6°C). An 18-gauge egress needle had minimal effect on reducing joint fluid temperature. The temperature was higher during the 30-second application of RF energy than the 15-second group.
Clinical Significance Bipolar RF energy without firm tissue contact rapidly and significantly increased joint fluid temperature beyond the level reported to damage chondrocytes (above 45°C). Caution is required in the use of bipolar RF energy in the canine stifle joint.
Biomechanical Comparison between Preloaded Position Screw and Lag Screw Fixations for Their Compressive Effects in a Porcine Rib Fracture Model
Authors: Chang Ya-Pei , Ho Chi-Yuan , Chen Chao-Chang , Yeh Lih-Seng 
Published: May 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the compressive effect between preloaded position screws and lag screws in fracture fixation.
Methods Pairs of semi-cylindrical bone fragments were created on a porcine rib model to simulate fractured bones. The compressive forces of fracture fixation generated by preloaded position screws (P group) and conventional lag screws (L group) were recorded by a film stress sensor. In the P group, a pair of Angus bone holding forceps was used to compress the interfragmentary interface until reaching the preloading force of 1.3 MPa. Similar preloading procedure was applied on lag screw fixations to explore its potential of additional compressive force.
Results With 1.3 MPa preloading force and 0.2 Nm screw insertion torque force, the interfragmentary compressive force of P group was similar to that of L group. When the insertion torque force was increased to 0.4 Nm, all screws in the L group failed due to thread stripping. When screws in the P group were installed under 0.4 Nm torque and in the L group under 0.2 Nm torque, the P group generated significantly greater compressive force. With preloading device applied on lag screw installation, it did not further increase the interfragmentary compressive force.
Clinical Significance Compared with lag screws, preloaded position screws tolerated greater torque in screw installation and provided greater interfragmentary compressive force. The study suggests the applicability of preloaded position screws in fracture fixation requiring interfragmentary compression.
Comparative Evaluation of Nonprocedural Nephrostomy-Related Complications in Patients with Ureteric Obstruction due to Cancer versus Other Causes: Is the Protocol of Routine 3-month Nephrostomy Exchange Optimal for Both Disease Processes?
Authors: Hu Tianshen , Zhang Ning , Mcdevitt Joseph , Odu Ayobami , Xi Yin , Lamus Daniel , Sutphin Patrick , Kalva Sanjeeva , Pillai Anil 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate nonprocedural percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) complications and assess whether the protocol of routine 3-month exchange of PCN is optimal in patients with malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) and benign ureteral obstruction (BUO).
Materials and Methods Retrospective study of 103 patients with a mean age of 48 years (36 men, 67 women) who underwent PCN placement and subsequent PCN exchanges between January 2011 and January 2014 at the institution was conducted. Comparisons of the number of catheter days for those with routine exchange and emergency exchange due to tube obstruction, infection, and mechanical failures were made in patients with MUO and BUO.
Results Of the 256 PCN exchange procedures, 139 were performed in the cancer cohort and 117 in the noncancer cohort. Complications requiring emergent exchanges were more common in cancer patients, particularly due to obstruction, which accounted for 57% of exchanges in MUO with a median onset of 50 days. In contrast, the majority of noncancer patients in this study did not require emergent exchange before 3 months. Routine exchanges accounted for 43% and 55% of exchanges in MUO and BUO, respectively. In both the groups, only a small proportion of emergent tube exchanges occurred beyond 105 days.
Conclusion A routine 3-month nephrostomy exchange protocol may not be ideal for all patients. The optimal timing for exchange of nephrostomy appears to be earlier for patients with MUO compared with those with BUO. A prospective study is required to define an optimal policy for postprocedural nephrostomy tube care in both the cohorts.
Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Interventions
Authors: Yadav Ankusha , Condati Naveen , Mukund Amar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBiliary tract interventions remain indispensable procedures for treatment of a wide arena of biliary tract pathologies. The increased use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for biliary tract evaluation and intervention has resulted in fewer patients requiring percutaneous transhepatic biliary interventions. However, there remains a subset of patients in whom ERCP is not feasible. Interventional radiologists play an important role in the management of biliary pathologies in such patients who cannot be benefited by endoscopic means. These interventions may at times be challenging; hence, awareness of normal and variant biliary tract anatomy and the variety of biliary tract interventions make the job easy. This article reviews the role of percutaneous transhepatic interventions in the management of a variety of biliary tract diseases, both benign and malignant, general indications and contraindications, preprocedural evaluation, and technical considerations specific to indications.
Preoperative Cyanoacrylate Embolization of Venous Malformations
Authors: Monroe Eric , Chewning Rush , Koo Kevin , Shivaram Giri 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPercutaneous sclerotherapy and standalone surgical excision have historically been the mainstay of treatment for pediatric venous malformations (VMs). However, both approaches have significant limitations. Sclerotherapy often requires multiple treatment sessions, with each round adding additional procedural and anesthetic risks as well as radiation exposure. Standalone surgical excision of VMs can be complicated by high-volume blood loss, and indistinct lesion margins can lead to incomplete resection, resulting in recurrence. An alternative to these approaches is percutaneous cyanoacrylate glue embolization followed by immediate surgical excision, a single-stage procedure that allows for better surgical margin definition and reduced intraoperative blood loss, potentially leading to more definitive treatment. The authors describe the interventional radiology aspects of this combined procedure, emphasizing materials preparation and embolization technique.
Antibodies against HDL Components in Ischaemic Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Batuca Joana , Amaral Marta , Favas Catarina , Justino Gonçalo , Papoila Ana , Ames Paul , Alves José 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantitative and qualitative defects of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are important in atherogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether antibodies against HDL components had additional value to conventional cardiovascular risk factors for the diagnosis of ischaemic stroke (IS) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Cross-sectional study was conducted on 53 patients with IS, 51 with CAD and 55 healthy controls, and in vitro studies to validate findings of the clinical study. We determined serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against HDL (aHDL), apolipoproteins (aApoA-I, aApoA-II and aApoC-I) and paraoxonase-1 (aPON1) as well as PON1 activity (PON1a), total antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of endothelial activation (serum nitric oxide metabolites, 3-nitrotyrosine, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1); in vitro assays tested the capacity of IgG aHDL purified from high titer patients to inhibit PON1a and to reverse protective effect of HDL on endothelial cells. IgG aHDL, aApoA-I and aPON1 were higher in IS and CAD than controls (p < 0.001), predicted negatively PON1a and positively VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. By adding IgG aHDL and aApoA-I to a traditional cardiovascular risk factors model for IS and by adding IgG aHDL in a similar model for CAD, we obtained better discrimination of IS and CAD from healthy controls. IgG aHDL purified from IS and CAD inhibited PON1a by 38% (p < 0.01) and abrogated the protective effect of HDL on VCAM-1 expression by 126% compared with non-specific human IgG (p < 0.001). IgG against HDL components interfere with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of HDL and may represent novel biomarkers for vascular disease that need to be investigated in prospective studies.
Metoclopramide and Diphenhydramine: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Treatment for Headache in Pregnancy when Acetaminophen Alone Is Ineffective (MAD Headache Study)
Authors: Dothager Christina , Gavard Jeffrey , Lebovitz Sara , Laska Catherine , Mostello Dorothea , Childress Katherine 
Published: May 2018

Objective We investigated whether metoclopramide administered with diphenhydramine (MAD) relieves headache in pregnant women when acetaminophen alone is ineffective, using codeine for comparison.
Study Design Normotensive pregnant women in the second or third trimester were randomized to MAD intravenously (10 mg and 25 mg, respectively) or codeine orally (30 mg) for headache after 650 to 1,000 mg of acetaminophen failed to relieve their headaches. Headache severity (pain score 0–10) was noted at intervals over 24 hours. The primary outcome was reduction in pain score 6 hours after medication administration. A sample size calculation of 35 patients per group was based on estimated reduction in headache pain score by at least two points, with an α of 0.05 and a power of 80%.
Results No difference was seen in the primary outcome. MAD pain scores were lower at 30 minutes (3 ± 2.8 versus 5.8 ± 2.3, p < 0.001), 1 hour (2.2 ± 2.3 vs. 4.1 ± 3; p < 0.01), and 12 hours (1.3 ± 2.5 vs. 2.7 ± 3; p < 0.05), but not at 6 hours. Time to perceived headache relief was shorter for MAD than for codeine (20.2 ± 13.4 vs. 62.4 ± 62.2 minutes; p < 0.001). More patients in the MAD group reported full headache relief within 24 hours (76.5 vs. 37.5%; p < 0.01).
Conclusion MAD effectively relieves headaches in pregnant women when acetaminophen fails.
Nonmedically Indicated Induction of Labor Compared with Expectant Management in Nulliparous Women Aged 35 Years or Older
Authors: Bowers Katherine , Khoury Jane , Kawakita Tetsuya 
Published: May 2018

Objective This article compares maternal and neonatal outcomes in women aged ≥ 35 years who experienced nonmedically indicated induction of labor (NMII) versus expectant management.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of nulliparas aged ≥ 35 years with a singleton and cephalic presentation who delivered at term. Outcomes were compared between women who underwent NMII at 37, 38, 39, and 40 weeks' gestation and those with expectant management that week. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated, controlling for predefined covariates.
Results Of 3,819 nulliparas aged ≥ 35 years, 1,409 (36.9%) women underwent NMII. Overall at 39 weeks' gestation or later, maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar or improved with NMII. At 37, 38, and 39 weeks' gestation, NMII compared with expectant management was associated with decreased odds of cesarean delivery at 37, 38, and 39 weeks' gestation. At 40 weeks' gestation, NMII compared with expectant management was associated with an increased odds of operative vaginal delivery and a decreased odds of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.
Conclusion In nulliparous women aged ≥ 35 years, NMII was associated with decreased odds of cesarean delivery at 37 to 39 weeks' gestation and decreased odds of NICU admission at 40 weeks' gestation compared with expectant management.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorate Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Skin Free Flap Model
Authors: Casado Javier , Abellán Elena , Vela Francisco , Álvarez Verónica , Usón Alejandra , Blázquez Rebeca , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco , Ballestín Alberto 
Published: May 2018

Background Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is inevitable during free tissue transfers. When the period of ischemia exceeds the tissue tolerance, it causes necrosis and flap failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) embedded in a collagen type I scaffold on the survival of free skin flaps to counteract I/R injury.
Methods Left superficial caudal epigastric skin flaps (3 × 6 cm) were performed in 28 Wistar rats that were divided into four groups. The flaps elevated in the animals of the control group did not suffer any ischemic insult, and the vascular pedicle was not cut. All other flaps were subjected to 8 hours of ischemia prior to revascularization: I/R control group (8 hours of ischemia), I/R scaffold group (8 hours of ischemia + collagen type I scaffold), and I/R scaffold–ASCs group (8 hours of ischemia + collagen type I scaffold with rat ASCs embedded). Transit-time ultrasound blood flow measurements were performed. After 7 days, the areas of flap survival were measured and tissues were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and Masson's trichrome stain for histological analysis.
Results The mean percentage flap survival area was significantly higher in the ASCs-treated flaps (I/R scaffold–ASCs group) compared with the ischemic controls (I/R control group and I/R scaffold group). Higher vascular proliferation and lower severity of necrosis and inflammatory changes were seen histologically in the samples of the ASCs-treated group. No significant difference in blood flow was detected between groups.
Conclusion Subcutaneous administration of ASCs embedded on a collagen type I scaffold reduces tissue damage after I/R injury in microvascular free flaps.
Therapierefraktäre Verläufe und Eskalationsstrategien in der Behandlung der Myasthenia gravis
Authors: Hoffmann Sarah , Meisel Andreas 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungTherapierefraktäre Verläufe der Myasthenia gravis (MG) mit Versagen auf oder Kontraindikationen für die (erweiterte) Standardtherapie sind mit 10 – 15 % aller Myasthenie-Patienten selten. Die aktuellen internationalen Konsens-Leitlinien für die Behandlung der MG empfehlen die Zuweisung von therapierefraktären Patienten an ein Zentrum mit Erfahrung in der Behandlung der MG sowie den Einsatz von intravenösen Immunglobulin- oder Plasmapherese-Therapien. Bei Fehlen von Kontraindikationen ist zur Kontrolle der myasthenen Symptome jedoch zusätzlich der Einsatz von Langzeit-Immunsuppressiva erforderlich. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Entwicklungen und präsentiert therapeutische Strategien in der Behandlung der therapierefraktären MG.
Abrechnungsbetrug – die neue Hexenjagd auf einen renommierten Berufsstand
Authors: Beyer Richard , Gabler Daniela 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungWegen Abrechnungsbetrug ins Visier von staatsanwaltschaftlichen Ermittlungen zu gelangen, ist eine imminente Gefahr für jeden privat liquidierenden oder kassenärztlich niedergelassenen Kollegen. Die Rechtsprechung unterstellt, dass jeder Arzt die Regelungen und die Abrechenbarkeit bis in die kleinste Verästelung kennt bzw. kennen muss. Auch die Auslegung der Abrechnungsziffern hat der Arzt eigenverantwortlich vorzunehmen. Als problematisch muss hervorgehoben werden, dass bereits ab einer angenommenen Schadenssumme von nur 50,00 EUR ein staatsanwaltschaftlich zu ahndendes, relevantes Betrugsdelikt angenommen wird. Die Hürden zur Einleitung eines Ermittlungsverfahrens oder von Durchsuchungsmaßnahmen sind in Deutschland niedrig. Ein Anfangsverdacht, d. h. die bloße Wahrscheinlichkeit, basierend auf der kriminalistischen Erfahrung der Ermittlungsbehörden, dass ein Abrechnungsbetrug begangen worden sein könnte, ist hierfür ausreichend. Allzu rasch wird ein Beschuldigter so zum Spielball der Ermittlungsbehörden und steht nahezu rechtsschutzlos da. Ein Ermittlungs- oder Gerichtsverfahren wegen Abrechnungssachen stellt eine existenzielle Bedrohung für jeden Arzt dar – bis hin zum Verlust der ärztlichen Approbation.
Toric Contact Geometry in Arbitrary Codimension
Authors: Apostolov Vestislav , Calderbank David M J , Gauduchon Paul , Legendre Eveline 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We define toric contact manifolds in arbitrary codimension and give a description of such manifolds in terms of a kind of labelled polytope embedded into a grassmannian, analogous to the Delzant polytope of a toric symplectic manifold.
A Union Default: A Policy to Raise Union Membership, Promote the Freedom to Associate, Protect the Freedom not to Associate and Progress Union Representation
Authors: Harcourt Mark , Gall Gregor , Vimal Kumar Rinu , Croucher Richard 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Workers are defaulted to being non-union in employment relationships across the world. A non-union default likely has substantial negative effects, consistent with the empirical literature reviewed, on union membership levels, because of switching costs, inertia, social norms and loss aversion. A union default would likely have positive effects on union membership, and has the additional virtues of partially internalising the public goods externalities of unions, improving the freedom to associate (the right to join a union) and preserving the freedom not to associate (the right not to join a union). A union default would also strengthen the extent and effectiveness of union representation.
Mass-invariance of the iron enrichment in the hot haloes of massive ellipticals, groups, and clusters of galaxies
Authors: Mernier F , de Plaa J , Werner N , Kaastra J S , Raassen A J J , Gu L , Mao J , Urdampilleta I , Truong N , Simionescu A 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
X-ray measurements find systematically lower Fe abundances in the X-ray emitting haloes pervading groups (kT ≲ 1.7 keV) than in clusters of galaxies. These results have been difficult to reconcile with theoretical predictions. However, models using incomplete atomic data or the assumption of isothermal plasmas may have biased the best-fitting Fe abundance in groups and giant elliptical galaxies low. In this work, we take advantage of a major update of the atomic code in the spectral fitting package spex to re-evaluate the Fe abundance in 43 clusters, groups, and elliptical galaxies (the CHEERS sample) in a self-consistent analysis and within a common radius of 0.1r500. For the first time, we report a remarkably similar average Fe enrichment in all these systems. Unlike previous results, this strongly suggests that metals are synthesized and transported in these haloes with the same average efficiency across two orders of magnitude in total mass. We show that the previous metallicity measurements in low-temperature systems were biased low due to incomplete atomic data in the spectral fitting codes. The reasons for such a code-related Fe bias, also implying previously unconsidered biases in the emission measure and temperature structure, are discussed.
The first VLBI detection of a spiral DRAGN core
Authors: Mao Minnie Y , Blanchard Jay M , Owen Frazer , Sjouwerman Loránt O , Singh Vikram , Scaife Anna , Paragi Zsolt , Norris Ray P , Momjian Emmanuel , Johnson Gia , Browne Ian 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present the first observation of 0313−192, the archetypal spiral DRAGN, at very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) resolutions. Spiral DRAGNs are Double-lobed Radio sources Associated with Galactic Nuclei (DRAGNs) that are hosted by spiral galaxies. 0313−192 is an edge-on spiral galaxy that appears to host a 360 kpc double-lobed radio source. The core of this galaxy is clearly detected at L, S, and X bands using the Very Long Baseline Array, signifying an ongoing active nucleus in the galaxy. This rules out the possibility that the spiral DRAGN is merely a chance alignment. The radio core has L1.4 GHz ∼ 3.0 × 1023 W Hz−1. Radio components are detected to the south-west of the core, but there are no detections of a counterjet. Assuming a symmetric, relativistic jet, we estimate an upper limit to the inclination angle of θ ≲ 72 deg. The VLBI-detected radio jet components are extremely well aligned with the larger scale radio source suggesting little to no jet disruption or interaction with the interstellar medium of the host galaxy.
Systematic Review of Bilateral Independent Periodic Discharges Written for Topical Journal Subject on Periodic Discharges
Authors: Freund Brin , Kaplan Peter W. 
Published: May 2018

Summary:
Periodic discharges (PDs) are EEG patterns that may have important clinical and prognostic implications. There are different subtypes of PDs that are delineated by their location, and each type may have different meaning regarding prognosis and clinical associations. Bilateral independent PDs are a subtype that have not been analyzed recently and remain poorly understood. In this article, we systematically review the literature to better describe bilateral independent PDs regarding underlying neuropathology, neuroimaging, and neuroexamination correlates, seizure incidence, EEG characteristics, their comparison with other PD subtypes, and prognostic meaning.
Organometallic gold(III) [Au(Hdamp)(L14)]Cl (L1 =SNS-donating thiosemicarbazone) complex protects mice against acuteT. cruziinfection
Authors: Lopes Carla Duque , Gaspari Ana Paula S. , Oliveira Ronaldo J. , Abram Ulrich , Almeida José P. A. , Maia Pedro v. S. , da Silva João S. , de Albuquerque Sérgio , Carneiro Zumira A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChagas disease remains a serious public health concern with unsatisfactory treatment outcomes due to strain-specific drug resistance and various side effects. To identify new therapeutic drugs againstTrypanosoma cruzi, we evaluated both thein vitroandin vivoactivity of the organometallic gold(III) complex [Au(Hdamp)(L14)]Cl (L1 =SNS- donating thiosemicarbazone), which was denoted 4-Cl. Our results demonstrated that 4- Cl was more effective than benznidazole (Bz) in eliminating both the extracellular trypomastigote and the intracellular amastigote forms of the parasite without cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells. In very-low-dosein vivoassays, 4-Cl reduced parasitaemia and tissue parasitism in addition to protecting the liver and heart from tissue damage. All these changes resulted in the survival of 100% of the mice treated with 4-Cl during the acute phase. We hypothesised that 4-Cl can act directly on the parasite and may participate in the modulation of IFN-γ production at the acute stage of the disease. Molecular docking simulations showed that the compound may interact with cruzain, a thiol protease considered a possible antiparasitic drug target, primarily by hydrophobic interactions. These analyses predicted that the Cys25 residue in the cruzain binding site is approximately 3.0 Å away from the S and Au atoms of the gold compound, which could suggest formation of a possible covalent bond between cruzain and the inhibitor. Overall, we confirmed the potential of 4-Cl as a new candidate for Chagas disease treatment.