bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the hemocompatibility of centrifugal mechanical circulatory support devices at low flow rates
Authors: Specklin Mathieu , Marcel Louis , Abbasnezhad Navideh , Bakir Farid , Kouidri Smaine , Danial Pichoy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn innovative solution has been recently proposed for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), using a centrifugal mechanical circulatory support (MCS) device. We sought firstly to assess the hemocompatibility of the proposed device. HFpEF treatment requires the blood pump to operate at low blood flow rate (0.05–0.5 L/min). Given high blood trauma expected in these conditions, we sought secondly to investigate design improvements in order to reduce this risk.MethodComputational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the blood fluid filled within the centrifugal pump and to estimate the blood trauma due to its operation. This assessment is based on the computation of integrated quantities such as the hemolysis index and the turbulent dissipation energy.ResultsThe hemolysis index associated with the present device is comparable to the figures from HVAD. With the proposed pump, for instance, an index of 0.0036 is obtained at 1 L/min and 3000 rpm. Using thinner blades for the impeller allows a 12% reduction of the hemolysis index in average, while reducing its diameter leads to an index 2.8 folds lower at 0.5 L/min.ConclusionThe present investigation shows the promising hemocompatibility of our centrifugal pump. Concerns about very high hemolysis generated at low flow rates could be overcome by reducing the impeller diameter. Experimental validations are planned to support our findings.
Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy and MELD‐Na Score Predict Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding After TIPSS: An ALTA Group Study
Authors: Hu Kelly , Sedki Mai , Kwong Allison , Kesselman Andrew , Kolli Kanti Pallav , Morelli Giuseppe , Spengler Erin , Said Adnan , Lai Jennifer , Desai Archita , Paul Sonali , Frenette Catherine , Fallon Michael , German Margarita , Verna Elizabeth , Boike Justin , Gregory Dyanna , Thornburg Bartley , VanWagner Lisa , Goel Aparna ,   Advancing Liver Therapeutic Approaches (ALTA) Study Group
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) is highly effective for treatment of variceal bleeding; however, factors contributing to rebleeding complications remain unclear.AimsIn this study, we aim to determine risk factors for recurrent portal hypertensive gastrointestinal bleeding following TIPSS.MethodsUtilising the Advancing Liver Therapeutic Approaches multicentre database, we retrospectively identified adult patients who underwent TIPSS for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding and had a gastrointestinal rebleeding event within 1 year. We developed multivariable logistic regression models to identify clinical/procedural characteristics associated with rebleeding.ResultsWe identified 476 patients, predominately middle‐aged (mean age 57), male (62%) and White (65%), with mean MELD‐Na 16. 16% (n = 77) had a rebleeding event; these patients were more likely to be male (p = 0.016), with higher serum creatinine (p = 0.005), MELD‐Na (p = 0.0002), portal hypertensive gastropathy on pre‐TIPSS upper endoscopy (p = 0.000) and with higher incidence of TIPSS revision (p = 0.000). There were no significant differences in type of TIPSS endoprosthesis, concurrent embolotherapy, and post‐TIPSS pressure gradients between those who experienced rebleeding and those who did not. After adjusting for TIPSS revision, multivariable analysis revealed MELD‐Na and presence of portal hypertensive gastropathy on pre‐TIPSS endoscopy were independently associated with rebleeding.ConclusionsIn this retrospective analysis of a multicentre, nationally representative database, we found that apart from TIPSS‐related factors, high MELD‐Na and portal hypertensive gastropathy on pre‐TIPSS endoscopy were independent predictors of rebleeding within 1 year following TIPSS. These variables may be used to identify high‐risk patients who may require additional monitoring following TIPSS.
Emotion understanding among institutionalized preschool children in India: A visual‐based approach
Authors: Mishra Manaswini , Khuntia Rooplekha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to develop two visual tasks to assess the emotion understanding of institutionalized preschool children in India. To enhance the psychometric qualities of both tasks, content validity and inter‐rater reliability assessments, translation‐back translation and a rigorous peer review process were undertaken. In addition, the tool's components were mapped with institutionalized children's everyday experiences to help them better relate to the task. The tool development phase was followed by the assessment phase. Eighteen participants (nine males, nine females) aged 3–6 years were purposefully selected from three childcare institutions. The emotion identification task required children to identify the correct emotions from the cartoon characters' facial expressions and gestures, whereas, in the emotion situation task, children were asked to infer others' emotions from a vignette depicted by a picture card. Children's responses were videotaped, analysed and coded for both tasks. The study's key findings revealed that institutionalized children responded more accurately to emotion situation tasks yet struggled to identify sadness, anger and fear emotions compared to happiness. Furthermore, qualitative insights provided a comprehensive understanding and interpretation of the findings.
Light Distribution Models for Tree Growth Simulation
Authors: Nauber Tristan , Mäder Patrick 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe simulation and modelling of tree growth is a complex subject with a long history and an important area of research in both computer graphics and botany. For more than 50 years, new approaches to this topic have been presented frequently, including several aspects to increase realism. To further improve these achievements, we present a compact and robust functional‐structural plant model (FSPM) that is consistent with botanical rules. While we show several extensions to typical approaches, we focus mainly on the distribution of light as a resource in three‐dimensional space. We therefore present four different light distribution models based on ray tracing, space colonization, voxel‐based approaches and bounding volumes. By simulating individual light sources, we were able to create a more specified scene setup for plant simulation than it has been presented in the past. By taking into account such a more accurate distribution of light in the environment, this technique is capable of modelling realistic and diverse tree models.
On the design of an optimal immigration policy
Authors: Lopez‐Velasco Armando R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper constructs a model for the study of optimal immigration from the perspective of natives. They have preferences over redistributive transfers, a public good subject to congestion, and over the level of family‐based migration. Border enforcement is costly. The model derives conditions for an optimal immigration policy, which balances skill‐based against family‐based migration, equalizes the fiscal opportunity cost of unauthorized immigration with the marginal cost of enforcement, and balances the effects on transfers against the implied congestion effects. A parameterized version of the model studies the 1994–2008 period and finds legislation projects on immigration consistent with the model's predictions.
Flying by night: Comparing nocturnal pollinator networks over time in the Colorado Rocky Mountains
Authors: Syskine Daria V. , Boggs Carol L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Where climate is seasonal, such as in high‐altitude ecosystems, the occurrence and activity patterns of insect pollinators may vary with the varying occurrence of floral resources. This high turnover of species occurrence and interactions may lead to changes in the structure and properties of plant–pollinator networks.
Here, we systematically compared the properties of moth pollen‐transport networks in Colorado, USA, over the course of a season, and tested for a link between moth species specialisation and morphology. We predicted that network properties would change through the season as the abundance and diversity of available floral resources increased. We also predicted that there would be a link between moth specialisation and morphology, as moth proboscis length can restrict their ability to utilise different floral resources.
We sampled moths for pollen over 9 weeks in June through August 2021. We then constructed pollen‐transport networks, and used mixed models to test for differences in network indices between different parts of the 2021 season; we also tested for a relationship between moth proboscis length, the duration of moth species' presence across the season and the number of flower species pollinated.
As expected, we found high rates of species turnover and high rates of plant–pollinator interactions over the summer. However, linkage density and robustness were the only overall network metrics that changed. We also found that longer proboscis lengths and more persistent species occurrence over the season were predictive of higher generalisation among moth species.
We suggest that even with high rates of species turnover, nocturnal moth pollen‐transport networks may maintain their overall structure over a season, with variations in the availability of floral resources driving limited variation in some network metrics. Our study highlights the necessity of continuing to research moth pollen‐transport networks over different temporal scales, to better understand how ecological factors can lead to changes in network structure over time.
Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Danish Nationwide Register‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Godtfredsen Sissel J. , Yonis Harman , Baech Joachim , Al‐Hussainy Nour R. , Riddersholm Signe , Kober Lars , Schou Morten , Christensen Jacob Haaber , Hutchings Martin , Dahl‐Sørensen Rasmus Bo , Kamper Peter , Dietrich Caroline E. , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Sogaard Peter , El‐Galaly Tarec Christoffer , Kragholm Kristian H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRisk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) undergoing contemporary treatment is unclear. cHL patients ≥ 18 years at diagnosis treated with doxorubicin‐containing chemotherapy between 2000 and 2022 were matched 1:5 with comparators on birth year, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index at time of matching (score of 0 or ≥ 1). Cause‐specific cumulative incidence of a composite of CVDs with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed with death and lymphoma relapse as competing events (i.e., by censoring individuals at such occurrences) using the Aalen‐Johansen estimator. A total of 1905 patients and 9525 comparators with a median follow‐up of 10 years (interquartile range, [IQR]: 5.9–17.4). Median age was 39 years (IQR: 27–56), median cumulative doxorubicin dose was 250 mg/m2 (IQR: 200–300). The CVD cumulative incidences were 4.7% (95% CI: 3.6–5.7) for patients versus 2.6% (95% CI: 2.3–2.9) for comparators at 5 years, 8.9% (95% CI: 7.2–10.5) versus 5.5% (95% CI: 4.9–6.0) at 10 years, and 17.0% (95% CI: 14.1–19.9) versus 8.2% (95% CI: 7.4–9.0) at 15 years. CVD remains a substantial effect after contemporary treatment for cHL, suggesting that awareness of symptoms and a low threshold for referral to diagnostic examination are still important measures during survivorship.
Measures of Population Immunity Can Predict the Dominant Clade of Influenza A (H3N2) in the 2017–2018 Season and Reveal Age‐Associated Differences in Susceptibility and Antibody‐Binding Specificity
Authors: Kim Kangchon , Vieira Marcos C. , Gouma Sigrid , Weirick Madison E. , Hensley Scott E. , Cobey Sarah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFor antigenically variable pathogens such as influenza, strain fitness is partly determined by the relative availability of hosts susceptible to infection with that strain compared with others. Antibodies to the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) confer substantial protection against influenza infection. We asked if a cross‐sectional antibody‐derived estimate of population susceptibility to different clades of influenza A (H3N2) could predict the success of clades in the following season.MethodsWe collected sera from 483 healthy individuals aged 1 to 90 years in the summer of 2017 and analyzed neutralizing responses to the HA and NA of representative strains using focus reduction neutralization tests (FNRT) and enzyme‐linked lectin assays (ELLA). We estimated relative population‐average and age‐specific susceptibilities to circulating viral clades and compared those estimates to changes in clade frequencies in the following 2017–2018 season.ResultsThe clade to which neutralizing antibody titers were lowest, indicating greater population susceptibility, dominated the next season. Titer correlations between viral strains varied by age, suggesting age‐associated differences in epitope targeting driven by shared past exposures. Yet substantial unexplained variation remains within age groups.ConclusionsThis study indicates how representative measures of population immunity might improve evolutionary forecasts and inform selective pressures on influenza.
Microstructure and development of the dermal ossicles of Antarctopelta oliveroi (Dinosauria, Ankylosauria): A complex morphogenetic system deciphered through three‐dimensional X‐ray microtomography
Authors: Sanchez Sophie , de Ricqlès Armand , Ponstein Jasper , Tafforeau Paul , Zylberberg Louise 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnkylosaurs were a group of heavily armored non‐avian dinosaurs (Dinosauria, Ankylosauria), represented by a relatively abundant fossil record from the Cretaceous of North and South America. Their dermal skeleton was characterized by large osteoderms whose development and functional role have been largely investigated. However, interstitial small ossicles, forming between these osteoderms, have been far more overlooked and it remains unknown whether they were formed through the ossification of a preexisting fibrous matrix of connective tissue (i.e., metaplasia) or by a cell‐induced differentiation of new fiber bundles followed by mineralization (i.e., neoplasia sensu (Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 1858, 9, 147)). Here, we propose a hypothesis on the developmental origin of these small ossicles in the ankylosaurian Antarctopelta oliveroi using light microcopy, scanning electron microscopy and three‐dimensional virtual histology through propagation phase‐contrast synchrotron radiation micro‐computed tomography (PPC‐SRμCT). Ossicles are located in the dermis. They are composed of two layers: (1) a thin external layer, and (2) a thick basal plate, composed of collagen fiber bundles, which forms the main part of the ossicle. The external layer is made of a smooth, vitreous mineralized tissue that does not look like bone. The basal plate, however, is of osseous origin. In this basal plate, the collagen fiber bundles are organized in two orthogonal systems: one horizontal—observable in cross‐sections—and one vertical—observable in the primary plane of sections sensu (Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2004, 24, 874). The horizontal system is itself composed of successive layers of collagen fiber bundles arranged into an orthogonal plywood‐like structure. The bundles of the vertical system radiate from the center of the ossicle at the level of the transition between the external layer and the basal plate and run towards the periphery of the basal plate. Their thickness increases from the center of the ossicle towards its periphery. Numerous bundles of the vertical system form thin threads that interweave and penetrate within the thick bundles of the horizontal system. Our new data suggest that the ossicles were at least partially formed by metaplasia, that is, through the ossification of a preexisting fibrous matrix of connective tissue. This process was probably supplemented by a cell‐induced differentiation of new fiber bundles laid down prior to their incorporation into the fibrous system and its mineralization. This process looks more akin to neoplasia sensu (Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 1858, 9, 147) than to metaplasia. Consequently, metaplastic and neoplastic processes may coexist in these ossicles with a possible differential expression during ontogeny.
Clinical implications of genetic testing for congenital protein C deficiency in pregnancy
Authors: Maehana Tomoka , Nishikubo Toshiya , Maekawa Ryo , Hotta Taeko , Nishikawa Kyohei , Waki Keita , Makino Yuko , Akasaka Juria , Kawaguchi Ryuji , Kimura Fuminori 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCongenital protein C (PC) deficiency is a mostly autosomal dominant hereditary thrombophilia associated with early onset arterial and venous thrombotic diseases. In newborns, PC deficiency results in severe complications such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and purpura fulminans, leading to death in some cases. We report two cases of deep vein thrombosis diagnosed during pregnancy that prompted genetic testing confirming definitive congenital PC deficiency. One patient with deep vein thrombosis at 30 weeks of gestation underwent anticoagulation therapy with the placement of an inferior vena cava filter. Genetic testing revealed a missense mutation in the PC gene. Another patient developed deep vein thrombosis at 9 weeks of gestation and received anticoagulant therapy, revealing a frameshift mutation in the gene. Genetic testing confirming congenital PC deficiency facilitates tailored postpartum management, including long‐term anticoagulation therapy, based on the mother's thrombosis risk. For newborns, early diagnosis allows timely preparation of treatments, such as freshly thawed frozen plasma or PC replacement therapy and ensures closer monitoring through imaging evaluations, enabling early intervention to decrease the severity of potential complications. Given its utility in managing maternal and neonatal outcomes, early genetic testing in suspected cases of maternal PC deficiency is crucial before delivery.
Changes in insomnia and binge‐eating symptom severity before and after treatment of eating disorders in individuals with non‐low‐weight binge‐spectrum disorders
Authors: Christensen Pacella Kara A. , Chen Yiyang , Bottera Angeline R. , Forbush Kelsie T. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryAlthough emerging research suggests insomnia is a significant problem among people with eating disorders, little is known about how insomnia symptoms may serve as risk factors for eating disorder symptoms, treatment outcome, and relapse. University students with non‐low‐weight eating disorders (N = 89) completed a mobile guided self‐help cognitive behavioural intervention for eating disorders. Insomnia and binge‐eating symptoms were assessed at pre‐treatment and end‐of‐treatment using the Insomnia Severity Index and Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory. Multiply imputed datasets were used to test associations between insomnia and binge eating before, during and after treatment. Insomnia was positively associated with binge‐eating symptoms prior to treatment (r = 0.47). Baseline insomnia symptoms were associated with binge‐eating symptoms at end‐of‐treatment (est = 0.269). Eating disorder treatment modestly reduced insomnia (d = −0.38); however, about half of people with clinically significant insomnia prior to treatment remained symptomatic. Insomnia symptoms and binge‐eating symptoms did not change concurrently during treatment. Overall, results support an association between insomnia and binge eating. Although eating disorder treatment may impact insomnia, many individuals remained symptomatic for sleep problems, suggesting the need for follow‐up treatments, such as cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, or the development of integrated insomnia–eating disorder treatments. Future studies are needed to examine causal links between insomnia and eating disorder symptoms, and test if insomnia predicts relapse after eating disorder treatment.
Temporal and sleep stage‐dependent agreement in manual scoring of respiratory events
Authors: Pitkänen Minna , Pitkänen Henna , Nath Rajdeep Kumar , Nikkonen Sami , Kainulainen Samu , Korkalainen Henri , Ólafsdóttir Kristín Anna , Arnardottir Erna Sif , Sigurdardottir Sigridur , Penzel Thomas , Fanfulla Francesco , Anttalainen Ulla , Saaresranta Tarja , Grote Ludger , Hedner Jan , Staats Richard , Töyräs Juha , Leppänen Timo 
Published: November 2024

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea diagnosis is based on the manual scoring of respiratory events. The agreement in the manual scoring of the respiratory events lacks an in‐depth investigation as most of the previous studies reported only the apnea–hypopnea index or overall agreement, and not temporal, second‐by‐second or event subtype agreement. We hypothesized the temporal and subtype agreement to be low because the event duration or subtypes are not generally considered in current clinical practice. The data comprised 50 polysomnography recordings scored by 10 experts. The respiratory event agreement between the scorers was calculated using kappa statistics in a second‐by‐second manner. Obstructive sleep apnea severity categories (no obstructive sleep apnea/mild/moderate/severe) were compared between scorers. The Fleiss' kappa value for binary (event/no event) respiratory event scorings was 0.32. When calculated separately within N1, N2, N3 and R, the Fleiss' kappa values were 0.12, 0.23, 0.22 and 0.23, respectively. Binary analysis conducted separately for the event subtypes showed the highest Fleiss' kappa for hypopneas to be 0.26. In 34% of the participants, the obstructive sleep apnea severity category was the same regardless of the scorer, whereas in the rest of the participants the category changed depending on the scorer. Our findings indicate that the agreement of manual scoring of respiratory events depends on the event type and sleep stage. The manual scoring has discrepancies, and these differences affect the obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis. This is an alarming finding, as ultimately these differences in the scorings affect treatment decisions.