bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of visualization format and spatial ability on learning star motions
Authors: Wang Tzu‐Ling , Tseng Yi‐Kuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate not only the effectiveness of dynamic versus static visualizations on learning star motions but also the influence of students' spatial abilities with these two types of visualizations on their learning. We assigned 155 fifth‐grade students to either a dynamic or a static condition. We used a science achievement test to measure student learning outcomes by assessing knowledge acquisition. We classified students as having either a low or high spatial ability based on their test scores for primary mental abilities, specifically spatial relations. The results showed that dynamic visualizations were more effective than static visualizations for learning complex concepts involving star motions. Furthermore, learners' spatial abilities had a positive effect on their learning outcomes but did not moderate the effectiveness of dynamic versus static visualizations for learning in this domain. Our findings suggest that when designing instructional materials, the dynamic properties of visualizations should be aligned with the dynamic nature of the subject matter. We conclude that students' spatial abilities are beneficial to learning, especially when they are studying a complex domain that demands spatial changes and moving processes; therefore, our findings support the importance of assessing spatial ability in learning with visualizations.
Concealing of under eye orbital fat pads with hyaluronic acid filler: A case report
Authors: Goel Anupriya , Sethi Pihu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnder eyelid bags and tear troughs are the two most common concerns for the patients coming to an aesthetic center, and specially their correction without undergoing a surgery. Efficacy of hyaluronic acid fillers has been proven successfully in correction of periorbital volume loss but no reports have been published for their role in concealing infraorbital fat pads. Hence, the effectiveness and safety of hyaluronic acid filler in treatment and correction of tear troughs thereby concealing under eyelid bags are being reported in this article. A 43‐year‐old woman who presented with grade 3 tear troughs and bulged out infraorbital fat pads underwent a single treatment session with 1ml 15mg/mL cross‐linked hyaluronic acid filler (Juvederm Volbella®). Assessment of the periorbital area was done immediately after the procedure and after 3 days. Hyaluronic acid filler injection not only showed significant improvement in periorbital hollowness but also concealed the bulge of infraorbital fat pads remarkably. Correction of tear troughs is known to be done with the help of hyaluronic acid but it can also become an excellent alternative to surgery for concealing under eye orbital fat pads without any formation of lumps and irregularity.
Indigenous mothers' experiences of using acute care health services for their infants
Authors: Wright Amy L. , Jack Susan M. , Ballantyne Marilyn , Gabel Chelsea , Bomberry Rachel , Wahoush Olive 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo develop an understanding of how Indigenous mothers experience selecting and using health services for their infants can assist nurses in improving their access to care. This understanding may ultimately lead to improved health outcomes for Indigenous infants and their families.BackgroundAccess to acute care services is important to minimise morbidity and mortality from urgent health issues; however, Indigenous people describe difficulties accessing care. Indigenous infants are known to use the emergency department frequently, yet little is known about the facilitators and barriers their mothers experience when accessing these services.DesignThis study undertook a qualitative, interpretive description design.MethodsThis article adheres to the reporting guidelines of COREQ. Data collection methods included interviews and a discussion group with Indigenous mothers (n = 19). Data analysis was collaborative and incorporated both Indigenous and Western ways of knowing, through the application of Two‐Eyed Seeing.ResultsA thematic summary resulted in six themes: (a) problematic wait times; (b) the hidden costs of acute care; (c) paediatric care; (d) trusting relationships; (e) racism and discrimination; and (f) holistic care.ConclusionsThe experiences of Indigenous mothers using acute care services for their infants suggest a role for culturally safe and trauma and violence‐informed care by health providers in the acute care context.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurses can improve access to acute care services for Indigenous mothers and infants through the provision of culturally safe and trauma and violence‐informed approaches care, by building rapport with families, providing care that is respectful and nonjudgemental, eliminating fees associated with using acute care services and linking families with cultural resources both in hospital and within the community.
Availability and perceived usefulness of guidelines and protocols for subcutaneous hydration in palliative care settings
Authors: Cabañero‐Martínez María José , Ramos‐Pichardo Juan Diego , Velasco‐Álvarez María Luisa , García‐Sanjuán Sofía , Lillo‐Crespo Manuel , Cabrero‐García Julio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the availability of, adherence to, and perceived usefulness of guidelines and protocols for managing hydration and subcutaneous hydration in palliative care settings.BackgroundHydration at the end of life and the use of a subcutaneous route to hydrate generate some controversy among health professionals for different reasons. Having guidelines and protocols to assist in decision‐making and to follow a standard procedure may be relevant in clinical practice.DesignCross‐sectional telephone survey, with closed‐ended and open‐ended questions designed specifically for this study.MethodsData were obtained from 327 professionals, each from a different palliative care service. Mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum were calculated for continuous variables; frequency distributions were obtained for categorical variables. A qualitative content analysis was performed on the open‐ended questions. The article adheres to the STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies.ResultsOnly 24.8% of the participants had guidelines available to assist in making decisions regarding hydration, and 55.6% claimed to follow them ‘always or almost always’. Of the participants, 38.8% had subcutaneous hydration protocols available, while 78.7% stated that they ‘always or almost always’ followed these protocols. The remaining participants considered the protocols as useful tools despite not having them available.ConclusionsOnly 25% of the participants' services had guidelines for hydration, and less than 40% had protocols for subcutaneous hydration. However, adherence was high, especially in cases where protocols existed. Among the participants who did not have guidelines and protocols, attitudes were mostly favourable, but mainly as a reference and support for an individualised clinical practice.Relevance to clinical practiceGuidelines and protocols on hydration in palliative care may be more useful as a solid reference and support for individualised practice than as instruments for standardising care. From this perspective, their development and availability in palliative care services are recommended.
A simple classification of peritoneal contamination in perforated appendicitis predicts surgery‐related complications
Authors: Wee Jia J , Park Chang J , Lee York T , Cheong Yee L , Rai Rambha , Nah Shireen A 
Published: August 2019

AimPerforated appendicitis has poorer clinical outcomes compared to non‐perforated appendicitis. However, accurate outcome comparisons in research and clinical audits are challenged by its wide spectrum of manifestation. Previous attempts at the classification of severity have been complex and difficult to reproduce. In our study, we used another institution's (Jones et al., TX, USA) previously described simple classification system of peritoneal contamination and examined its usefulness in predicting outcomes.MethodsWith ethical approval, we retrospectively reviewed the records of all paediatric patients operated at our institution for perforated appendicitis from 2016 to 2017. Patient demographics, intra‐operative and histological findings, post‐operative outcomes and length of stay were collected. Patients were categorised into group 1 (purulence in right lower quadrant only) and group 2 (contamination in two or more quadrants). Post‐operative complications were defined as procedure‐related (e.g. post‐operative ileus, intra‐abdominal abscess, visceral injury) and non‐procedure‐related (e.g. bronchospasm). Statistical analysis using χ2 tests for categorical data and Mann–Whitney U‐tests for non‐parametric continuous variables was performed, with a significance of P < 0.05.ResultsThere were 134 eligible patients. We excluded 19 with incomplete data, leaving 115 for analysis, of which 69 (60%) were in group 2. Those in group 2 had a longer stay (P = 0.005) and more post‐operative complications (P = 0.001), particularly procedure‐related events (P = 0.006). There were no differences in age (P = 0.182), gender (P = 0.876), readmission rate (P = 0.317) and non‐procedure‐related post‐operative complications (0.152).ConclusionThis simple classification of perforated appendicitis appears to differentiate clinical outcomes well, particularly for iatrogenic morbidity, making it useful for operative preparation and outcomes research.
Optimising time samples for determining area under the curve of pharmacokinetic data using non-compartmental analysis
Authors: Hughes Jim H , Upton Richard N , Reuter Stephanie E , Phelps Mitch A , Foster David J R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The selection of sample times for a pharmacokinetic study is important when trapezoidal integration (e.g. non-compartmental analysis) is used to determine the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC). The aim of this study was to develop an algorithm that determines optimal times that provide the most accurate AUC by minimising trapezoidal integration error.

Methods
The algorithm required initial single individual or mean pooled concentration data but did not specifically require a prior pharmacokinetic model. Optimal sample intervals were determined by minimising trapezoidal error using a genetic algorithm followed by a quasi-Newton method. The method was evaluated against simulated and clinical datasets to determine the method's ability to estimate the AUC.

Key findings
The sample times produced by the algorithm were able to accurately estimate the AUC of pharmacokinetic profiles, with the relative AUC having 90% confidence intervals of 0.919–1.05 for profiles with two-compartment kinetics. When comparing the algorithm with rich sampling (e.g. phase I trial), the algorithm provided equivalent or superior sample times with fewer observations.

Conclusions
The creation of the algorithm and its companion web application allows users with limited pharmacometric or programming training can obtain optimal sampling times for pharmacokinetic studies.
Patients' knowledge and attitudes about myocardial infarction
Authors: Noureddine Samar , Dumit Nuhad Y. , Maatouk Hassan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDelay in seeking emergency care contributes significantly to the mortality associated with myocardial infarction. The aims of this descriptive study were to determine Lebanese patients' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about heart disease following their hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, the factors associated, and to investigate the education they receive about heart disease. The study targeted 50 participants diagnosed with myocardial infarction who were interviewed about their knowledge, attitudes, and perceived control related to heart disease in their home 1 month after being discharged from hospital using the Acute Coronary Syndrome Response Index and the Control Attitude Scale–Revised. The findings showed inadequate knowledge, with only 26% scoring over 70%. Moreover, only 16% reported having received education about heart disease. The participants reported confidence in recognizing symptoms and getting assistance during a myocardial infarction. However, their beliefs regarding the importance of prompt seeking of emergency care for myocardial infarction and control over their disease were inconsistent. Patient education and counseling about recognizing and responding adequately to symptoms of myocardial infarction must be improved in both acute and primary healthcare settings.
The role of CYP71A12 monooxygenase in pathogen‐triggered tryptophan metabolism and Arabidopsis immunity
Authors: Pastorczyk Marta , Kosaka Ayumi , Piślewska‐Bednarek Mariola , López Gemma , Frerigmann Henning , Kułak Karolina , Glawischnig Erich , Molina Antonio , Takano Yoshitaka , Bednarek Paweł 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Effective defense of Arabidopsis against filamentous pathogens requires two mechanisms, both of which involve biosynthesis of tryptophan (Trp)‐derived metabolites. Extracellular resistance involves products of PEN2‐dependent metabolism of indole glucosinolates (IGs). Restriction of further fungal growth requires PAD3‐dependent camalexin and other, as yet uncharacterized, indolics.

This study focuses on the function of CYP71A12 monooxygenase in pathogen‐triggered Trp metabolism, including the biosynthesis of indole‐3‐carboxylic acid (ICA). Moreover, to investigate the contribution of CYP71A12 and its products to Arabidopsis immunity, we analyzed infection phenotypes of multiple mutant lines combining pen2 with pad3, cyp71A12, cyp71A13 or cyp82C2.

Metabolite profiling of cyp71A12 lines revealed a reduction in ICA accumulation. Additionally, analysis of mutant plants showed that low amounts of ICA can form during an immune response by CYP71B6/AAO1‐dependent metabolism of indole acetonitrile, but not via IG hydrolysis. Infection assays with Plectosphaerella cucumerina and Colletotrichum tropicale, two pathogens with different lifestyles, revealed cyp71A12‐, cyp71A13‐ and cyp82C2‐associated defects associated with Arabidopsis immunity.

Our results indicate that CYP71A12, but not CYP71A13, is the major enzyme responsible for the accumulation of ICA in Arabidopsis in response to pathogen ingression. We also show that both enzymes are key players in the resistance of Arabidopsis against selected filamentous pathogens after they invade.
Periodontal disease in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A case–control study
Authors: Zhao Rui , Gu Chaoyu , Zhang Qiuxiang , Zhou Wei , Feng Guijuan , Feng Xingmei , Dong Chen , Gu Zhifeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis patients.Subjects and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 128 RA and 109 healthy controls. Two dentists conducted periodontal status including Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), pocket probing depths (PPDs), Clinical attachment level (CAL) and Bleeding on probing (BOP) independently. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical parameters and use of medication were assessed. Data were analyzed by Student's t test, χ2 test, Wilcoxin‐Mann‐ Whitney's test, Correlational Analysis, univariate or multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe periodontal status was significantly worse in RA, especially the condition of dental and gingival status. RA had 4.68‐fold. After adjusted potential risk factors, RA had 10.26‐fold. The independent variable related to GI was DAS28 (p = .05) negatively, to the contrary, ESR (p = .013) was positively associated; the independent variable positively and related to periodontitis was educational level (p = .021) and anti‐CCP positivity (p = .002). Through multivariate logistic regression, age and swollen joint were the independent variable related to periodontitis of RA (OR 1.087, p = .044) and (OR 1.560, p = .008) respectively.ConclusionsChinese RA patients show higher odds of PD. It is important to take early interventions in combination with medical therapy.
Conceptualising dignity in the context of social security: Bottom‐up and top‐down perspectives
Authors: Patrick Ruth , Simpson Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDignity and social security have been closely associated since at least the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, but there is a lack of clarity around what dignity means in this context. This article explores how two key stakeholders—out‐of‐work benefit recipients and policymakers—understand dignity in the context of social security, drawing on qualitative research with each group. The evidence presented notes a relative absence of direct references to dignity among policymakers, although related issues are nonetheless discussed, whereas benefit recipients commonly articulate experiences of undignified treatment and the negative impact this has on their lives. This article's exploration of dignity is of particular relevance to Scotland, where recent framework legislation includes the principle that their security system should be underpinned by “respect for the dignity of individuals.” The authors propose that a social security system that protects dignity must take account of distributional, relational, and intrinsic aspects of dignity—providing sufficient income, treating users with respect, and avoiding interventions or discourses that are disrespectful and dehumanizing. Further, the authors question whether it is possible for dignity to enjoy meaningful protection within highly disciplinary conditional welfare regimes.
The role of volatiles in plant communication
Authors: Bouwmeester Harro , Schuurink Robert C. , Bleeker Petra M. , Schiestl Florian 
Published: August 2019

SummaryVolatiles mediate the interaction of plants with pollinators, herbivores and their natural enemies, other plants and micro‐organisms. With increasing knowledge about these interactions the underlying mechanisms turn out to be increasingly complex. The mechanisms of biosynthesis and perception of volatiles are slowly being uncovered. The increasing scientific knowledge can be used to design and apply volatile‐based agricultural strategies.
Trade liberalisation and labour shares in China
Authors: Kamal Fariha , Lovely Mary E. , Mitra Devashish 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe estimate the extent to which firms responded to tariff reductions associated with China's WTO entry by altering labour's share of value. Firm‐level regressions indicate that firms in industries subject to tariff cuts raised labour's share relative to economy‐wide trends, both through input choices and rent sharing. Our estimates suggest that, on average, an industry that experienced no reductions in output or input tariffs would have a 15.7% lower labour share of value in 2007 than it actually did, assuming the same economy‐wide trends. There is significant variation across firms: the impact attenuates with geographic remoteness and union presence and strengthens with foreign ownership.
Miocene diversification of an open‐habitat predatorial passerine radiation, the shrikes (Aves: Passeriformes: Laniidae)
Authors: Fuchs Jérôme , Alström Per , Yosef Reuven , Olsson Urban 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiversification of avifaunas associated with savannah and steppes appears to correlate with open habitats becoming available, starting in the Miocene. Few comparative analyses exist for families for which all species are predominantly adapted to these habitats. One such group is Laniidae (Passeriformes), which are small‐ to medium‐sized predatory passerines known for their distinctive behaviour of impaling prey. We used multispecies coalescent‐based and concatenation methods to provide the first complete species‐level phylogeny for this group, as well as an estimate of the timing of diversification. Our analyses indicate that Laniidae as currently delimited is not monophyletic, as the genus Eurocephalus is not closely related to the remaining species. The two species currently assigned to the monotypic genera Urolestes and Corvinella are part of the same clade as the Lanius species, and we propose that they are included in the genus Lanius, making Laniidae monogeneric. The initial diversification of the clade is inferred to have occurred very rapidly, starting about 7.2–9.1 million years ago, timing depending on calibration method, but in either case coinciding with the expansion of C4 grasses. An African origin is inferred in the biogeographic analysis. In the redefined Laniidae, cooperative breeding is inferred to be restricted to a single clade, characterized by gregarious behaviour and rallying. Migratory behaviour evolved multiple times within the family.
Quality indicators for Barrett’s endotherapy (QBET): UK consensus statements for patients undergoing endoscopic therapy for Barrett’s neoplasia
Authors: Alzoubaidi Durayd , Ragunath Krish , Wani Sachin , Penman Ian D , Trudgill Nigel John , Jansen Marnix , Banks Matthew , Bhandari Pradeep , Morris Allan John , Willert Robert , Boger Phil , Smart Howard L , Ravi Narayanasamy , Dunn Jason , Gordon Charles , Mannath Jayan , Mainie Inder , di Pietro Massi , Veitch Andrew M , Thorpe Sally , Magee Cormac , Everson Martin , Sami Sarmed , Bassett Paul , Graham David , Attwood Stephen , Pech Oliver , Sharma Prateek , Lovat Laurence B , Haidry Rehan 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionEndoscopic therapy for the management of patients with Barrett’s oesophagus (BE) neoplasia has significantly developed in the past decade; however, significant variation in clinical practice exists. The aim of this project was to develop expert physician-lead quality indicators (QIs) for Barrett’s endoscopic therapy.MethodsThe RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to combine the best available scientific evidence with the collective judgement of experts to develop quality indicators for Barrett’s endotherapy in four subgroups: pre-endoscopy, intraprocedure (resection and ablation) and postendoscopy. International experts, including gastroenterologists, surgeons, BE pathologist, clinical nurse specialist and patient representative, participated in a three-round process to develop 15 QIs that fulfilled the RAND/UCLA definition of appropriateness.Results17 experts participated in round 1 and 20 in round 2. Of the 24 proposed QIs in round 1, 20 were ranked as appropriate (put through to round 2) and 4 as uncertain (discarded). At the end of round 2, a final list of 15 QIs were scored as appropriate.ConclusionsThis UK national consensus project has successfully developed QIs for patients undergoing Barrett’s endotherapy. These QIs can be used by service providers to ensure that all patients with BE neoplasia receive uniform and high-quality care.