bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snf2 controls pulcherriminic acid biosynthesis and antifungal activity of the biocontrol yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima
Authors: Gore‐Lloyd Deborah , Sumann Inés , Brachmann Alexander O. , Schneeberger Kerstin , Ortiz‐Merino Raúl A. , Moreno‐Beltrán Mauro , Schläfli Michael , Kirner Pascal , Santos Kron Amanda , Rueda‐Mejia Maria Paula , Somerville Vincent , Wolfe Kenneth H. , Piel Jörn , Ahrens Christian H. , Henk Daniel , Freimoser Florian M. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMetschnikowia pulcherrima synthesises the pigment pulcherrimin, from cyclodileucine (cyclo(Leu‐Leu)) as a precursor, and exhibits strong antifungal activity against notorious plant pathogenic fungi. This yeast therefore has great potential for biocontrol applications against fungal diseases; particularly in the phyllosphere where this species is frequently found. To elucidate the molecular basis of the antifungal activity of M. pulcherrima, we compared a wild‐type strain with a spontaneously occurring, pigmentless, weakly antagonistic mutant derivative. Whole genome sequencing of the wild‐type and mutant strains identified a point mutation that creates a premature stop codon in the transcriptional regulator gene SNF2 in the mutant. Complementation of the mutant strain with the wild‐type SNF2 gene restored pigmentation and recovered the strong antifungal activity. Mass spectrometry (UPLC HR HESI‐MS) proved the presence of the pulcherrimin precursors cyclo(Leu‐Leu) and pulcherriminic acid and identified new precursor and degradation products of pulcherriminic acid and/or pulcherrimin. All of these compounds were identified in the wild‐type and complemented strain, but were undetectable in the pigmentless snf2 mutant strain. These results thus identify Snf2 as a regulator of antifungal activity and pulcherriminic acid biosynthesis in M. pulcherrima and provide a starting point for deciphering the molecular functions underlying the antagonistic activity of this yeast.
A role for SPEECHLESS in the integration of leaf stomatal patterning with the growth vs disease trade‐off in poplar
Authors: McKown Athena D. , Klápště Jaroslav , Guy Robert D. , Corea Oliver R. A. , Fritsche Steffi , Ehlting Jürgen , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Mansfield Shawn D. 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Occurrence of stomata on both leaf surfaces (amphistomaty) promotes higher stomatal conductance and photosynthesis while simultaneously increasing exposure to potential disease agents in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa).

A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) with 2.2M single nucleotide polymorphisms generated through whole‐genome sequencing found 280 loci associated with variation in adaxial stomatal traits, implicating genes regulating stomatal development and behavior. Strikingly, numerous loci regulating plant growth and response to biotic and abiotic stresses were also identified.

The most significant locus was a poplar homologue of SPEECHLESS (PtSPCH1). Individuals possessing PtSPCH1 alleles associated with greater adaxial stomatal density originated primarily from environments with shorter growing seasons (e.g. northern latitudes, high elevations) or with less precipitation. PtSPCH1 was expressed in developing leaves but not developing stem xylem. In developing leaves, RNA sequencing showed patterns of coordinated expression between PtSPCH1 and other GWAS‐identified genes.

The breadth of our GWAS results suggests that the evolution of amphistomaty is part of a larger, complex response in plants. Suites of genes underpin this response, retrieved through genetic association to adaxial stomata, and show coordinated expression during development. We propose that the occurrence of amphistomaty in P. trichocarpa involves PtSPCH1 and reflects selection for supporting rapid growth over investment in immunity.
Prevention of orthodontic enamel demineralization: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Tasios Thomas , Papageorgiou Spyridon N. , Papadopoulos Moschos A. , Tsapas Apostolos , Haidich Anna‐Bettina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of preventive interventions against the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) during fixed appliance orthodontic treatment. Nine databases were searched without limitations in September 2018 for randomized trials. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were done independently in duplicate. Random‐effects meta‐analyses of mean differences (MDs) or relative risks (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were conducted, followed by sensitivity analyses, and the GRADE analysis of the evidence quality. A total of 24 papers (23 trials) were included, assessing preventive measures applied either around orthodontic brackets (21 trials; 1427 patients; mean age 14.4 years) or molar bands (2 trials; 46 patients; age/sex not reported). Active patient reminders were associated with reduced WSL incidence on patient level compared to no reminder (3 trials; 190 patients; RR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.31‐0.64; Number Needed to Treat [NNT]: 3 patients), flat surface sealants were associated with reduced WSL incidence on tooth level than no sealant (5 trials; 2784 teeth; RR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.63‐0.95; NNT: 33 teeth), and fluoride varnish was associated with reduced WSL severity on tooth level (2 trials; 1160 teeth; MD: −0.32 points; 95% CI: −0.44 to −0.21 points). However, the quality of evidence was low according to GRADE, due to risk of bias. Some evidence indicates that active patient reminders and flat surface sealants or fluoride varnish around orthodontic brackets might be associated with reduced WSL burden, but further research is needed.
Variability in donor selection among pediatric heart transplant providers: Results from an international survey
Authors: Godown Justin , Kirk Richard , Joong Anna , Lal Ashwin K. , McCulloch Michael , Peng David M. , Scheel Janet , Davies Ryan R. , Dipchand Anne I. , Miera Oliver , Gossett Jeffrey G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is considerable variability in donor acceptance practices among adult heart transplant providers; however, pediatric data are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess donor acceptance practices among pediatric heart transplant professionals. The authors generated a survey to investigate clinicians’ donor acceptance practices. This survey was distributed to all members of the ISHLT Pediatric Council in April 2018. A total of 130 providers responded from 17 different countries. There was a wide range of acceptable criteria for potential donors. These included optimal donor‐to‐recipient weight ratio (lower limit: 50%‐150%, upper limit: 120%‐350%), maximum donor age (25‐75 years), and minimum acceptable left ventricular EF (30%‐60%). Non‐US centers demonstrated less restrictive donor selection criteria and were willing to accept older donors (50 vs 35 years, P < 0.001), greater size discrepancy (upper limit weight ratio 250% vs 200%, P = 0.009), and donors with a lower EF (45% vs 50%, P < 0.001). Recipient factors were most influential in the decision to accept marginal donors including recipients requiring ECMO support, ventilator support, and highly sensitized patients with a negative XM. However, programmatic factors impacted the decision to decline marginal donors including recent programmatic mortalities and concerns for programmatic restrictions from regulatory bodies. There is significant variation in donor acceptance practices among pediatric heart transplant professionals. Standardization of donor acceptance practices through the development of a consensus statement may help to improve donor utilization and reduce waitlist mortality.
Longitudinal evaluation of liver stiffness in three pediatric patients with veno‐occlusive disease
Authors: Zama Daniele , Bossù Gianluca , Ravaioli Federico , Masetti Riccardo , Prete Arcangelo , Festi Davide , Pession Andrea 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLiver stiffness measurement by transient elastography is a non‐invasive ultrasound‐based technique used mainly for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases. Some authors have suggested that it could be useful in the assessment of hepatic complications during hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), especially veno‐occlusive disease (VOD) or sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS). Here, we present the evaluation of liver stiffness in three patients who developed severe hepatic VOD/SOS after HSCT. Liver stiffness measurement values were normal before transplant and afterward until the diagnosis of VOD/SOS when a dramatic increase was observed. After the VOD/SOS specific treatment, the values of stiffness showed a similar pattern of progressive reduction in all the three patients, with normalization after two weeks. In this report, we discuss the role of LSM in the management of patients after the diagnosis of VOD/SOS.
Method for Visible Light‐Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylparaben in Water Using Nanostructured Ag/AgBr@m‐WO3
Authors: Suliman Mohammed A. , Gondal Mohammed A. , Dastageer Mohamed A. , Chuah Gaik‐Khuan , Basheer Chanbasha 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn efficient method of photocatalytic degradation of methylparaben in water using Ag nanoparticles (NPs) loaded AgBr‐mesoporous‐WO3 composite photocatalyst (Ag/AgBr@m‐WO3), under visible light is presented. In this process, quantification of methylparaben in water was carried out by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the HPLC results showed a significant reduction of methylparaben in water due to the enhanced of photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Ag/AgBr@m‐WO3. For the material synthesis, highly ordered mesoporous‐WO3 (m‐WO3) was initially synthesized by sol–gel method and AgBr nanoparticles (NPs) were subsequently introduced in the pores of m‐WO3, and finally, the Ag nanoparticles were introduced by light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylparaben in water is attributed to the formation of surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) due to the introduction of Ag NPs on the surface of the catalyst. Also, the formation of heterojunction between AgBr and mesoporous‐WO3 in Ag/AgBr@m‐WO3 significantly inhibited the recombination of light‐induced electron‐hole pairs in the semiconductor composite. The morphological and optical characterizations of the synthesized photocatalysts (Ag/AgBr@m‐WO3) were carried out using SEM, TEM, XDR, N2 adsorption–desorption, UV‐VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Also, the photocatalytic studies using radical scavengers were carried out and the results indicated that is the main reactive species.
Nasal high‐flow therapy compared with non‐invasive ventilation in COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure: A randomized controlled cross‐over trial
Authors: McKinstry Steven , Singer Joseph , Baarsma Jan Pieter , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard , Fingleton James 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveNon‐invasive ventilation (NIV) is part of the standard of care for hypercapnic respiratory failure secondary to COPD, but may be poorly tolerated. Preliminary evidence suggests nasal high‐flow (NHF) therapy may improve hypercapnia in COPD and be well tolerated. We compared NHF and NIV in people with COPD and chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure.MethodsSingle‐blind randomized controlled two‐way cross‐over single‐centre trial was conducted in New Zealand. Twenty‐four participants with stable hypercapnic COPD received: NHF at 45 L/min and NIV at 15/4 cm H2O, each for 60 min with a 15‐min washout in between. The primary outcome was transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtCO2) at 60 min, adjusted for baseline.ResultsNIV reduced the PtCO2 more than NHF (mean (SD) at 60 min by −5.3 (5.0) vs −2.5 (3.5) mm Hg; difference: −2.8 (−5.0 to −0.5) P = 0.021). Difference across all time points was −2.5 mm Hg (95% CI −4.5 to −0.5, P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in the proportion of participants with a reduction of PtCO2 ≥ 4 or ≥ 8 mm Hg. Participants rated NHF significantly better for ease of application, comfort and fit.ConclusionIn stable COPD patients with chronic hypercapnia, NIV resulted in a greater reduction in PtCO2 compared with NHF, which was of uncertain clinical significance. NHF was better tolerated than NIV and may be a therapeutic option for some people with hypercapnic respiratory failure.Clinical Trial Registration: ACTRN12616001701415 at www.anzctr.org.au
Fire Features at Akchakhan-kala and Tash-k’irman-tepe
Authors: Betts Alison V.G. , Khozhaniyazov Gairatdin , Weisskopf(†) Alison , Willcox George 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Fire is an intrinsic aspect of Zoroastrian ritual and religious traditions. Akchakhan-kala can be conclusively linked with pre-Sasanian Zoroastrian practice through evidence from the recent discovery of murals depicting Avestan deities. Close similarities in apparently ritual features suggest that Tash-k’irman-tepe can also be linked to such traditions. Both sites also have a rich array of fire features which can be linked to respect for, and veneration of, fire in a variety of forms. This paper discusses these features, how they might fit into the wider picture of pre-Sasanian Zoroastrian development, and their significance for a deeper understanding of the history of Ancient Chorasmia.
Ramsès XI, le premier prophète d’Amon et l’ascension de Piankh à Thèbes pendant l’Aire de la Renaissance
Authors: Antoine Jean-Christophe 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
An analysis of P. Geneva D191, P. BM EA 75019+10302, P. Penn 49.11, and P. Turin 2097+2105 leads to a new interpretation on the political events at Thebes during the Renaissance Era. Ramesses XI played a major role in the restoration of order with the help of Libyan troops. He decreed the Renaissance Era with the will of restoring control in the South. Nesamun, at the death of his brother Amenhotep, was compelled to return to his former position of second prophet of Amun while that of first prophet was left vacant for at least two years. After year 4 or 5 of the Renaissance Era, Piankh, who arrived at Thebes with the king, progressively installed a system of power which will prevail throughout the 21st Dynasty. In this new structure a military family of probable Libyan background occupied all the Theban secular and religious functions while maintaining a fictitious allegiance to the northern king.
Some Observations on Name Rings: towards a Typology
Authors: Peirce Laura 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Research to date on name rings, which form a singular component of topographical lists, has primarily focused on the toponyms enclosed in the rings and their subsequent relevance to military campaigns. This article aims to explore another valuable facet of this phenomenon. It details the results of an investigation into the development of the iconography of the personages attached to these name rings during the Eighteenth Dynasty and early Nineteenth Dynasty on Egyptian royal monuments. Clear trends were discernible, from accoutrements to coiffures, that may be able to assist in the dating of royal monuments within sacred spaces.
Questioning the Presence of the Past
Authors: Kriza Thomas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper questions the contemporary turn towards horizons of existential meaning going back to antiquity especially in the shape of a turn to religion by pointing to crucial differences between antique conceptions of thought and their modern revivals. Pierre Hadot and Michel Foucault interpret antique thought as spiritual exercises to perfect human existence, exposing an inherent existential relevance and connection to a peculiar conception of truth. I argue that because of these ties to a truth claim deeply alien to the modern scientific world-view, antique horizons of existential meaning cannot be revived within modern frames of thought. Their contemporary presence is more likely the expression of the deeply ambivalent modern relationship to premodern horizons of existential meaning, rather than a genuine revival.
Diluted Liberalisms and Emaciated Neutralities
Authors: Freeden Michael 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Laborde’s Liberalism’s Religion focuses on a philosophical understanding of liberalism infused with the constitutional and legal characteristics of the USA. It cannot, however, contain other weighty patterns of liberal thinking evident in actual and commonly prevalent thought-practices, irreducible to freedom and equality alone. The free development of individuality is also fundamental to a humanist liberal version, and it now entails the right of religious believers to protection from psychological and emotional harm in order to secure their flourishing. Emotional intensity, group identity and the power of religious rhetoric are factors to be considered both in regulating and protecting religious practices and discourse in a liberal society. I conclude with doubts on the viability of the liberal precept of neutrality.
Decomposing Shortwave Top-of-Atmosphere and Surface Radiative Flux Variations in Terms of Surface and Atmospheric Contributions
Authors: Loeb Norman G. , Wang Hailan , Rose Fred G. , Kato Seiji , Smith William L. , Sun-Mack Sunny 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA diagnostic tool for determining surface and atmospheric contributions to interannual variations in top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflected shortwave (SW) and net downward SW surface radiative fluxes is introduced. The method requires only upward and downward radiative fluxes at the TOA and surface as input and therefore can readily be applied to both satellite-derived and model-generated radiative fluxes. Observations from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Energy Balanced and Filled (EBAF) Edition 4.0 product show that 81% of the monthly variability in global mean reflected SW TOA flux anomalies is associated with atmospheric variations (mainly clouds), 6% is from surface variations, and 13% is from atmosphere–surface covariability. Over the Arctic Ocean, most of the variability in both reflected SW TOA flux and net downward SW surface flux anomalies is explained by variations in sea ice and cloud fraction alone (r2 = 0.94). Compared to CERES, variability in two reanalyses—the ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) and NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2)—show large differences in the regional distribution of variance for both the atmospheric and surface contributions to anomalies in net downward SW surface flux. For MERRA-2 the atmospheric contribution is 17% too large compared to CERES while ERA-Interim underestimates the variance by 15%. The difference is mainly due to how cloud variations are represented in the reanalyses. The overall surface contribution in both ERA-Interim and MERRA-2 is smaller than CERES EBAF by 15% for ERA-Interim and 58% for MERRA-2, highlighting limitations of the reanalyses in representing surface albedo variations and their influence on SW radiative fluxes.
On the Realism of the Rain Microphysics Representation of a Squall Line in the WRF Model. Part I: Evaluation with Multifrequency Cloud Radar Doppler Spectra Observations
Authors: Tridon Frédéric , Planche Céline , Mroz Kamil , Banson Sandra , Battaglia Alessandro , Van Baelen Joel , Wobrock Wolfram 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigates how multifrequency cloud radar observations can be used to evaluate the representation of rain microphysics in the WRF Model using two bulk microphysics schemes. A squall line observed over Oklahoma on 12 June 2011 is used as a case study. A recently developed retrieval technique combining observations of two vertically pointing cloud radars provides quantitative description of the drop size distribution (DSD) properties of the transition and stratiform regions of the squall-line system. For the first time, the results of this multifrequency cloud radar retrieval are compared to more conventional retrievals from a nearby polarimetric radar, and a supplementary result of this work is that this new methodology provides a much more detailed description of the DSD vertical and temporal variations. While the extent and evolution of the squall line is well reproduced by the model, the 1-h low-reflectivity transition region is not. In the stratiform region, simulations with both schemes are able to reproduce the observed downdraft and the associated significative subsaturation below the melting level, but with a slight overestimation of the relative humidity. Under this subsaturated air, the simulated rain mixing ratio continuously decreases toward the ground, in agreement with the observations. Conversely, the profiles of the mean volume diameter and the concentration parameter of the DSDs are not well reproduced. These discrepancies pinpoint at an issue in the representation of rain microphysics. The companion paper, investigates the sources of the biases in the microphysics processes in the rain layer by performing numerical sensitivity studies.
Perceived Preparedness of Facial Plastic Surgery Fellows Over Time: A Survey of AAFPRS Fellowship Directors
Authors: Hsieh Tsung-yen , O’Brien Daniel Columcille , Sykes Jonathan , Squires Lane Darwin 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Assess the effects of American Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) resident work hour restrictions on the preparedness of incoming facial plastic surgery fellows as assessed by American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) fellowship directors. Methods: Observational survey study evaluating the perception of ACGME resident duty hour change on resident surgical and clinical skills from fellowship directors of AAFPRS fellowship programs in the US. A cross-sectional survey was sent to 47 fellowship directors of AAFPRS fellowship programs. Perceived change in resident clinical and surgical skills were measured using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = significantly improved, 2 = improved, 3 = neither improved nor worsened, 4 = worsened, 5 = significantly worsened) to evaluate 15 benchmarks. Results: Responses received from 36 fellowship directors. The results indicate no statistically significant perceived trend of ACGME duty hour reform on fellows for AAFPRS fellowships among fellowship directors. However, cohort analysis demonstrated that fellowship directors with more than 10 years of service perceived a more negative impact in 2 clinical benchmarks (assessment/planning and basic exposure) over time. Conclusions: The study results appear to show no significant perceived trend over time on the effect of duty hour reform on fellows for AAFPRS fellowships among fellowship directors. However, there are some apparent opinion differences between fellowship directors separated by years of service, with more negative perceptions noted in 2 clinical areas by those with more than 10 years of service. This study is in line with the more recent literature that suggests a trend toward a less negative perception of the duty hour change. This may suggest resident education is adapting to the ACGME duty hour regulations.