bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal Network Modeling of the Determinants of Drinking Behavior in Comorbid Alcohol Use and Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Anker Justin J. , Kummerfeld Erich , Rix Alexander , Burwell Scott J. , Kushner Matt G. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAnxiety and depression disorders (internalizing psychopathology) occur in approximately 50% of patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and mark a 2‐fold increase in the rate of relapse in the months following treatment. In a previous study using network modeling, we found that perceived stress and drinking to cope (DTC) with negative affect were central to maintaining network associations between internalizing psychopathology INTP and drinking in comorbid individuals. Here, we extend this approach to a causal framework.MethodsMeasures of INTP, drinking urges/behavior, abstinence self‐efficacy, and DTC were obtained from 362 adult AUD treatment patients who had a co‐occurring anxiety disorder. Data were analyzed using a machine‐learning algorithm (“Greedy Fast Causal Inference”[ GFCI]) that infers paths of causal influence while identifying potential influences associated with unmeasured (“latent”) variables.ResultsDTC with negative affect served as a central hub for 2 distinct causal paths leading to drinking behavior, (i) a direct syndromic pathway originating with social anxiety and (ii) an indirect stress pathway originating with perceived stress.ConclusionsFindings expand the field's knowledge of the paths of influence that lead from internalizing disorder to drinking in AUD as shown by the first application in psychopathology of a powerful network analysis algorithm (GFCI) to model these causal relationships.
Population structure of the glasshouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) shows multiple introductions to the U.K.
Authors: Kareem Ali A. , Port Gordon , Wolff Kirsten 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Whiteflies are major pests of many crops worldwide. Trialeurodes vaporariorum was introduced into the U.K. approximately 160 years ago. In the present study, we aimed to understand their genetic diversity and population structure and thus their invasion history.
Mitochondrial CO1 sequencing showed that T. vaporariorum had a low level of variation. Microsatellite analysis showed a high diversity and indicated the presence 2, 6 and 10 clusters, which were, to a limited extent, linked to locations but not to host plants. The primary symbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum was detected in both sexes of T. vaporariorum, whereas only one secondary symbiont Arsenophonus sp. was detected in almost all females but not males.
The population structure suggested that glasshouse agroecosystems restricted gene flow between glasshouse whitefly populations and that the movement of glasshouse whitefly was linked to human‐assisted spread.
Taken together, the results of the present study suggest multiple but limited numbers of introductions of T. vaporariorum, mainly from countries nearest to U.K.
The Destruction of Black Wall Street: Tulsa's 1921 Riot and the Eradication of Accumulated Wealth
Authors: Messer Chris M. , Shriver Thomas E. , Adams Alison E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Tulsa race riot of 1921 was one of the most destructive riots in American history. Prior to the riot, the Greenwood community was among the wealthiest African‐American neighborhoods in the state. Residents of Greenwood had successfully developed their own business infrastructure, and by the early 1920s the neighborhood was rapidly expanding and flourishing economically. The attack by white citizens on a flourishing black neighborhood not only resulted in mass casualties, but it destroyed nearly all of the African‐American‐owned businesses and churches, as well as many residential properties. The economic prosperity of Greenwood was literally obliterated overnight. The Greenwood community was perceived as a threat to white hegemony. The riot and its aftermath served to effectively impede African‐American prosperity. The city of Tulsa provided very little monetary assistance following the event. Greenwood residents attempted to rebuild following the destruction, but the community never regained the same economic standing. We argue that the Tulsa riot of 1921 was one of many examples of racial violence during the early part of the 20th century that had long‐lasting economic and social legacies for African Americans.
Inherited Prospects: The Importance of Financial Transfers for White and Black College‐Educated Households’ Wealth Trajectories
Authors: Taylor Joanna , Meschede Tatjana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe persistent racial wealth gap in the United States continues to grow, reaching an all‐time high in 2016. Throughout much of the discussion and analysis on the racial wealth gap, however, the assumption that higher education can at least narrow the gap has often been left unquestioned. While education is a factor in increasing incomes and wealth, recent research challenges the narrative that education is the key to reducing the racial wealth gap. Our findings provide further support for this growing literature. While black college graduates do have higher wealth than those without college degrees, the wealth gap with white college graduates remains vast, and the inheritances received by white college‐educated households provide a huge boost to wealth that is not available to their black counterparts. Further, we find that black college‐educated households are much more likely to provide financial support for their parents as well as their children, and that black households that do provide support across generations do so with much less net wealth than white households that do not.
Recent developments and highlights in allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Pfaar Oliver , Lou Hongfei , Zhang Yuan , Klimek Ludger , Zhang Luo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAllergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease‐modifying treatment option for patients with IgE‐mediated inhalant allergies. Though used in clinical practice for more than 100 years, most innovations in AIT efficacy and safety have been developed in the last two decades. This expert review aimed to highlight the recent progress in AIT for both application routes, the sublingual (SLIT) and subcutaneous (SCIT) forms. As such, it covers recent aspects regarding efficacy and safety in clinical trials and real‐life data and outlines new concepts in consensus and position papers as well as in guidelines for AIT. Potential clinical and nonclinical biomarkers are discussed. This review also focuses on potential future perspectives in AIT, such as alternative application routes, immune‐modulating adjuvants, and recombinant vaccines. In conclusion, this state of the art review provides a comprehensive overview of AIT and highlights unmet needs for the future.
Translocalising and Relocalising Antifascist Struggles: From #KämpaShowan to #KämpaMalmö
Authors: Merrill Samuel , Pries Johan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article explores the translocal hybrid activism surrounding two demonstrations triggered by a violent altercation between antifascists and neo‐Nazis in Malmö in March 2014. It maps the appearance and spread of the hashtag that underpinned this activism: #KämpaShowan. It also considers how the hashtag was articulated, adopted and adapted by different activists in ways that led to the emergence of a new hashtag: #KämpaMalmö. It shows how the action frames foregrounded by #KämpaShowan stimulated its translocal diffusion but were also criticised by local activists who in turn tried to relocalise the energy behind the hashtag and shift its associated action frames. The article thus reveals how antifascist activists might respond to far‐right violence with social media tactics that attract broader publics and break the isolation often caused by more confrontational street politics. It also highlights how these tactics can stretch across geographical scales involving processes of relocalisation as much as translocalisation.
Acquired Von Willebrand Syndrome and Blood Pump Design
Authors: Rosenberg Gerson , Siedlecki Christopher A. , Jhun Choon‐Sik , Weiss William J. , Manning Keefe , Deutsch Steven , Pierce William 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe existence of acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) in patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is well documented and has been verified by numerous investigators. AVWS has not been observed to occur in pulsatile devices such as the SynCardia total artificial heart (TAH), the HeartMate XVE, and the Thoratec pulsatile ventricular assist device (PVAD) used as a single pump. AVWS can also occur in patients with aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, mitral stenosis, and patent ductus arteriosus. It has been experimentally verified that supraphysiologic shear stress that occurs under these conditions can cleave the von Willebrand molecule, but the critical magnitude of stress and duration is unclear. Limited experimental results demonstrate that shear stresses as low as 5 Pa (50 dyne/cm2) can cause cleavage. Stresses in current centrifugal pumps can be as high as two orders of magnitude greater than this value. Pulsatile LVADs have stresses almost two orders of magnitude less than continuous flow LVADs. In order to improve continuous flow LVADs, the challenge for designers is to first determine the magnitude and duration of stress that is causing AVWS and then, if possible, design a pump below these stresses.
Smart device usage in early childhood is differentially associated with fine motor and language development
Authors: Moon Jin‐Hwa , Cho Sang Yeon , Lim Sung Min , Roh Joo Hyung , Koh Min Sook , Kim Yong Joo , Nam Eunwoo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimWe evaluated the relationships between the use of smart devices, such as smartphones and tablet computers, and the development levels and language scores in young children.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis with 117 children aged three to five years was conducted. The participants were recruited from kindergartens in South Korea between November 2015 and April 2016. Parental questionnaires to assess smart device usage status by children, developmental screening test and receptive‐expressive language scale were administered; metrics included smart device usage frequency and usage time, appropriate smart device usage level, developmental levels and language scores.ResultsSmart device usage frequency was significantly positively correlated with fine motor skill development [Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs) = 0.426] in three‐year‐old children. Appropriate smart device usage level was also positively correlated with social development (rs = 0.466). However, smart device usage time was significantly negatively correlated with expressive language months (rs = −0.481). There were no such correlations in children aged four to five years. For the subcategories of appropriate usage level, the suitability of social relationship was significantly positively correlated with social development in three‐year‐old children (rs = 0.474).ConclusionIn three‐year‐old children, smart device usage was positively correlated with fine motor development and negatively correlated with language development.
Effects of antibiotic on microflora in ileum and cecum for broilers by 16S rRNA sequence analysis
Authors: She Yue , Cai Huiyi , Liu Guohua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to analyze and compare the microbial composition, abundance, dynamic distribution, and functions without and with antibiotic fed to broilers. A 16S rRNA‐sequencing approach was used to evaluate the bacterial composition of the gut of male broilers under different groups. A total of 240 1‐day old AA male broilers were randomly assigned to two groups, with 120 broilers per group. The treatment group was administered an antibiotic with their feed, while the control group was not administered antibiotic (control group). A total of 10 replicates were assessed per treatment. The control group was fed a basal diet containing corn, soybean meal, and cottonseed meal and met the nutritional requirement. The antibiotic group was fed 100 mg/kg aureomycin (based on the basal diet). The trial lasted 42 days. Operational taxonomic unit partition and classification, alpha diversity, taxonomic composition, beta diversity, and microflora comparative analyses along with key species screening were performed for all of the treatment groups. Our data indicate that aureomycin treatment in broilers is directly correlated with variations of the gut content of specific bacterial taxa, and herein provide insights into the impact of antibiotic on microbial communities in cecum and ileum of broiler chickens.
Estimation of genetic parameters for farrowing traits in purebred Landrace and Large White pigs
Authors: Ogawa Shinichiro , Konta Ayane , Kimata Makoto , Ishii Kazuo , Uemoto Yoshinobu , Satoh Masahiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGenetic parameters were estimated for six reproductive traits related to farrowing events in Landrace and Large White pigs; total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), number stillborn (NSB), total litter weight at birth (LWB), mean litter weight at birth (MWB), and gestation length (GL). We analyzed 62,534 farrowing records for 10,637 Landrace dams and 49,817 farrowing records for 8,649 Large White dams. Estimated heritabilities of TNB, NBA, NSB, LWB, MWB, and GL by single‐trait repeatability model analyses were 0.12, 0.12, 0.08, 0.18, 0.19, and 0.29, respectively, in Landrace, and 0.12, 0.10, 0.08, 0.18, 0.16, and 0.34, respectively, in Large White. Genetic correlation between NBA and NSB was unfavorable: 0.20 in Landrace and 0.33 in Large White. Genetic correlations of GL with the other five traits were weak: from −0.18 with NSB to −0.03 with NBA in Landrace, and from −0.22 with NSB to −0.07 with NBA in Large White. LWB had a highly favorable genetic correlation with NBA (0.74 in both breeds), indicating the possibility of using LWB for the genetic improvement of NBA.
Implications of shunt morphology for the surgical management of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
Authors: White RN , Parry AT , Shales C 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the implications of extrahepatic portosystemic shunt morphology for the chosen site of shunt closure in dogs and cats.MethodsA retrospective review of a consecutive series of dogs and cats managed for congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts.ResultsIn total, 54 dogs and 10 cats met the inclusion criteria, revealing five distinct shunt types: left gastrophrenic, right gastrocaval (types Ai, Aii and Aiii), splenocaval, colocaval and left gastro‐azygos. Without exception, findings of computed tomography angiography and direct gross observations at the time of surgery confirmed four consistent sites of communication between the anomalous shunting vessel and the systemic venous system: the caudal vena cava at the level of the epiploic foramen; the left phrenic vein at the level of the oesophageal hiatus; the azygos vein at the level of the aortic hiatus; and the caudal vena cava or iliac vein at the level of the 6th or 7th lumbar vertebrae. The use of intraoperative mesenteric portography was effective for confirming that at the time of surgery all portal tributary vessels were proximal to the point of shunt attenuation.ConclusionsFindings confirmed that for the common types of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts there were only four consistent sites of communication between the shunt and the systemic venous system. This information supports the use of a systematic approach for the location and attenuation of shunts in dogs and cats.
Pharmacogenetics and prediction of adverse events in prescription opioid use disorder patients
Authors: Muriel Javier , Margarit César , Barrachina Jordi , Ballester Pura , Flor Andrea , Morales Domingo , Horga José F. , Fernández Eduardo , Peiró Ana M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe threats involved in the long‐term opioid treatment of chronic non‐cancer pain (CNCP) have increased notably. Strategies to identify at‐risk patients are important because there is no clear evidence showing which screening or deprescription programmes are appropriate. Our aim was to evaluate the evidence provided by pharmacogenetics applied to predict an analgesic toxicity profile in prescription opioid use disorder (POUD) patients participating in an opioid deprescription programme. Pharmacogenetic markers were analysed in an observational, prospective deprescription programme for POUD patients (n = 88) treated for CNCP. It consisted of monitoring visits (baseline, follow‐up and final), opioid rotation or discontinuation and the recording of adverse events and suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Variants in OPRM1 (A118G), ABCB1 (C3435T), COMT (G472A), OPRD1 (T921C) and ARRB2 (C8622T) genes were tested by real‐time PCR. Ethics committee approved the study. Wild‐type OPRM1‐AA genotype carriers reported a significantly higher number of adverse events than OPRM1‐AG/GG (median [p25‐75], 7 [5‐11] vs 5 [3‐9]), particularly gastrointestinal system events (90% vs 63%) such as nausea (33% vs 0%). Suspected ADRs (affecting 17% of the patients) were three times higher in males than in females (30% vs 11%). The deprescription programme was effective and safe, and it achieved a significant progressive reduction in the morphine equivalent daily dose, strong opioids and other analgesics' use, without causing any changes in pain intensity or opiate abstinence syndrome. OPRM1 gene polymorphisms could identify the risk of gastrointestinal adverse events in POUD patients. Deprescription programmes including pharmacogenetic analysis should be considered during the follow‐up of this population.
The role of audience familiarity and activity outcome in children's understanding of disclaimers
Authors: Nesbit Rachel J. , Watling Dawn 
Published: October 2018

Disclaimers are used prior to expected poor performance to protect the individual from being evaluated negatively by the audience (Lee et al., 1999, Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 701). In this study, 8‐, 11‐, and 14‐year‐olds (N = 147) heard stories of a protagonist telling a familiar or unfamiliar peer that they did not think that they would perform well today, followed by either no disclaimer or a disclaimer and the activity outcome. Children judged how the audience would rate the protagonist's typical performance and character, and judged their response motivation. Children judged that familiar audiences would be more positive about typical performance and character than unfamiliar audiences; this varied depending on disclaimer use and participant sex. Further, children's typical performance judgements were more positive when the outcome was negative if a disclaimer was offered, with older children recognizing the self‐presentational motivation in these conditions. Results are explored in relation to children's understanding of disclaimers.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

By 10 years, children understand the mitigating function of a disclaimer.

Audience characteristics (age and familiarity) affect children's self‐presentation judgements.

Children have difficulty understanding why someone would disclose negative information of the self.

What the present study adds

From 11 years showed an understanding of the self‐presentational (SP) function of disclaimers.

The disclaimer's mitigating function was only found when the activity outcome was negative.

More positive judgements with familiar peers, but more SP justifications with unfamiliar peers.
Is postoperative Doppler ultrasonography useful for the early detection of asymptomatic pseudoaneurysm and prevention of haemorrhagic complications after partial nephrectomy?
Authors: Nouhaud François‐Xavier , Williams Michael , Arnfield Evyn , Perera Marlon Lakmal , Cho Jonathan , Esler Rachel , Coughlin Geoff 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical utility of systematic Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (PN) for the detection of renal artery pseudoaneurysm (PA) and to allow pre‐emptive arterial embolization to reduce the postoperative bleeding risk.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was conducted including all consecutive patients treated with robot‐assisted PN for renal tumours between 2015 and 2017. Every patient underwent renal DUS in the early postoperative period. The presence of PA, arteriovenous malformation or collection on the DUS, as well as the incidence of haemorrhagic complications and need for transfusion/embolization were assessed.ResultsEighty‐three patients were included, with a median (range) age of 58 (19–80) years. The median (range) follow‐up was 5 (1–30) months. The mean (±sd) tumour size was 31 (±13.1) mm, the median (range) RENAL nephrometry score was 6 (4–11), and the mean (±sd) warm ischaemia time was 22 (±7) min. A haemostatic agent was used in 12 patients (14.5%). No patient encountered haemorrhagic complications postoperatively, and no patient required transfusion. The median (interquartile range) time to DUS postoperatively was 7 (6–8) days. DUS revealed one asymptomatic PA (1.2%), which was treated with pre‐emptive embolization. This was the only patient who encountered a Clavien grade III complication, while 20 patients (24%) had a complication grade I/II.ConclusionsNo haemorrhagic complications occurred in the present study population, although one asymptomatic PA was found. It was diagnosed early with DUS, allowing pre‐emptive management with embolization. These results suggest the potential clinical utility of early postoperative DUS in order to screen for PA to reduce the risk of post‐PN haemorrhagic complications.
21-hydroxylase autoantibodies are more prevalent in Turner syndrome but without an association to the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I
Authors: Berglund A , Cleemann L , Oftedal B E , Holm K , Husebye E S , Gravholt C H 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Turner syndrome (TS) is associated with an increased frequency of autoimmunity. Frequently observed autoimmune diseases in TS are also seen in the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I), of which Addison disease is a key component. An overlapping antibody profile between TS and APS I could be considered. The aim of this work was to study women with TS regarding 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) antibodies and interferon omega (IFN-ω) antibodies, a highly specific marker for APS I, to determine if there are immunological overlaps between TS and APS I. Blood samples from 141 TS were assayed for 21-OH antibodies and IFN-ω antibodies using in-vitro-transcribed and translated autoantigen. Indices with a cut-off point of 57 and 200 for 21-OH antibody and IFN-ω antibody were used as reference. The median age of TS was 31·6 years (range = 11·2–62·2). Positive indices of 21-OH antibodies were present in six TS (4%), with a mean of 144·8 (range = 60–535). None had apparent adrenal insufficiency. There was no age difference comparing 21-OH antibody-positive TS (median age = 33·9 years, range = 17·7–44·7) and 21-OH antibody-negative TS (median age = 31·6 years, range = 11·2–62·2) (P = 0·8). No TS was positive for IFN-ω antibodies (mean = 42·4, range = –435–191). No overlapping autoimmune profile between TS and APS I was found. Autoimmunity against 21-OH among TS patients was more prevalent than previously identified, suggesting an increased risk of adrenal failure in TS. However, whether adrenal impairment will develop remains unknown.