bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sclerotherapy for Extensive Vascular Malformation in the Tongue
Authors: Couto Douglas Augusto Fernandes , Ito Fabio Augusto , Lima Heliton Gustavo de , Novais Josuel Divino , Novais Jaqueline Benedita , Dallazen Eduardo , Takahama Ademar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Vascular malformations (VMs) are benign lesions of blood vessels originated from an error in vascular morphogenesis during the embryologic phase. Generally, when located in the head and neck region VMs occurs in lips, tongue, buccal mucosa, gums, or palate. The VMs are usually asymptomatic, varies in size and may cause facial asymmetries. Different therapeutic modalities are available to treat VMs, which include surgical excision, cautery, cryotherapy, laser therapy, and sclerosing agents. The authors report 2 patients with extensive VM in the tongue treated with intralesional injection of a low-dose solution of monoethanolamine oleate (MO) and lidocaine. The first patient was a 69-year-old male patient and the 2nd a 65-year-old woman. In both patients, it were performed weekly application of 1:1 MO (Ethamolin) with Lidocaine (lidocaine 3% 1:50,000) in the amount of 0.1 mL of the solution per cm3 of lesion, with a total of 12 applications for each patient at the end of the treatment, with good results and without complications. It is important to be alert in which situation sclerotherapy should be used and that small doses of the sclerotherapeutic agent is essential for the prevention of complications after the procedure. Therefore, these patients showed that the sclerotherapy with MO may be an effective and simple treatment for extensive oral benign vascular lesions. In both patients, there was a great improvement in the clinical aspect of the lesions and patient's satisfaction.
The Effect of Warfarin on the Fibrin Architecture of Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Authors: Bootkrajang Methakorn , Chinkrua Chonatee , Aschaitrakool Yuthakran 
Published: August 2019

Aim:The aim of the study was to compare the macroscopic and microscopic factors, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) between patients taking warfarin and healthy volunteers.Materials and methods:Twenty participants were selected (55 years old or older). Ten patients undertaking warfarin therapy with an International Normalized Ratio (INR) range from 2.50 to 4.00 acted as an experimental group and 10 healthy volunteers acted as a control group. Twenty-five-milliliter blood samples were collected from the 20 patients for PRF production and laboratory screening (INR and hematocrit). Then, PRF clots were compressed to a 1-millimeter membrane. All PRF sample macroscopic features (color, length, and width) were recorded and prepared for SEM evaluation. Images were obtained with SEM with 8000 times magnification. The percentage of the fibrin density was measured using ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD). Descriptive analysis was used to describe the macroscopic features. An independentttest and 1-way analysis of variance were used to compare both groups and each segment of PRF.Results:All macroscopic features were totally identical. The fibrin density average from the upper to lower end was 89.09% ± 1.99%, 88.11% ± 3.25%, and 88.61% ± 2.65% (control group) and 88.62% ± 1.53%, 88.62% ± 1.20%, and 89.54% ± 2.17% (experimental group), respectively. There were no significant differences in the macroscopic features between the 2 groups and no differences in the microscopic features between the 2 groups and within each group.Conclusions:Warfarin did not have an effect on PRF when the macroscopic and microscopic features were compared between healthy volunteers and warfarin therapy volunteers.
Renal Outcomes of Liver Transplantation Recipients Receiving Standard Immunosuppression and Early Renal Sparing Immunosuppression: A Retrospective Single Center Study
Authors: Sharma Pratima , Sun Yihan , Neal Joslyn , Erley Jennifer , Shen James , Tischer Sarah , Sonnenday Christopher J. , Park Jeong M. 
Published: August 2019

Background.
New-onset stage 4–5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) after liver transplantation (LT) is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. In 2010, we instituted an early renal sparing immunosuppression (RSI) protocol for LT recipients with severe renal dysfunction (pre-LT dialysis/estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<30mL/min/1.73 m2 or post-LT acute kidney injury) consisting of 2 doses of basiliximab for induction and delaying tacrolimus to post-LT day 4–7. We examined the effect of early RSI on post-LT renal outcomes.

Methods.
Data on all adults who had LT between January 1, 2010, and December 12, 2014 were collected. We calculated the renal risk index (RRI) score for each LT recipient (https://rri.med.umich.edu). Primary outcome was new-onset post-LT stage 4–5 CKD.

Results.
Of 214 LT recipients, 121 (57%) received early RSI and 93 (43%) received standard immunosuppression. Cumulative incidence of new-onset stage 4–5 CKD was higher in early RSI compared with standard immunosuppression (P = 0.03). Female sex and RRI score were the significant risk factors for development of post-LT stage CKD in the entire study cohort as well as the LT recipients with RRI ≥ sixth decile (high-risk group).

Conclusions.
Delaying tacrolimus initiation combined with basiliximab induction did not have a durable effect on long-term renal outcomes in high-risk LT recipients. Further studies are needed to identify the effective strategies to preserve renal function by targeting patients at high risk for CKD progression.
Plumage redness signals mitochondrial function in the House Finch
Authors: Hill Geoffrey E. , Hood Wendy R. , Ge Zhiyuan , Grinter Rhys , Greening Chris , Johnson James D. , Park Noel R. , Taylor Halie A. , Andreasen Victoria A. , Powers Matthew J. , Justyn Nicholas M. , Parry Hailey A. , Kavazis Andreas N. , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCarotenoid coloration is widely recognized as a signal of individual condition in various animals, but despite decades of study, the mechanisms that link carotenoid coloration to condition remain unresolved. Most birds with red feathers convert yellow dietary carotenoids to red carotenoids in an oxidation process requiring the gene encoding the putative cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2J19. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the process of carotenoid oxidation and feather pigmentation is functionally linked to mitochondrial performance. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed high levels of red ketolated carotenoids associated with the hepatic mitochondria of molting wild house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus), and upon fractionation, we found the highest concentration of ketolated carotenoids in the inner mitochondrial membrane. We further found that the redness of growing feathers was positively related to the performance of liver mitochondria. Structural modeling of CYP2J19 supports a direct role of this protein in carotenoid ketolation that may be functionally linked to cellular respiration. These observations suggest that feather coloration serves as a signal of core functionality through inexorable links to cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
Aging of human endocrine pancreatic cell types is heterogeneous and sex-specific
Authors: Arrojo e Drigo Rafael , Erikson Galina , Tyagi Swati , Capitanio Juliana , Lyon James , Spigelman Aliya F , Bautista Austin , Manning Fox Jocelyn E , Shokhirev Max , MacDonald Patrick E. , Hetzer Martin W. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe human endocrine pancreas must regulate glucose homeostasis throughout the human lifespan, which is generally decades. We performed meta-analysis of single-cell, RNA-sequencing datasets derived from 36 individuals, as well as functional analyses, to characterize age-associated changes to the major endocrine pancreatic cell types. Increasing age was associated with shifts in pancreatic alpha and beta cell identity and loss of nuclear integrity in non-diabetic humans. In non-diabetic individuals ≥ 50 years old, 80% of their beta cells exhibited a transcriptional signature similar to cells from type-2 diabetic (T2D) donors. Surprisingly, ∼5% of beta cells from T2D donors retained a youthful, N.D. transcriptional profile. Furthermore, beta cell function was reduced by 50% during aging in men but not women, which may explain sex-associated differences in diabetes etiology. These analyses reveal that aging of the human endocrine pancreas is sex- and cell-type specific.
Evidence that alpha blocking is due to increases in system-level oscillatory damping not neuronal population desynchronisation
Authors: Liley David T. J. , Muthukumarswamy Suresh D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe attenuation of the alpha rhythm following eyes-opening (alpha blocking) is among the most robust features of the human electroencephalogram with the prevailing view being that it is caused by changes in neuronal population synchrony. To further study the basis for this phenomenon we use theoretically motivated fixed-order Auto-Regressive Moving-Average (ARMA) time series modelling to study the oscillatory dynamics of spontaneous alpha-band electroencephalographic activity in eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions and its modulation by the NMDA antagonist ketamine. We find that the reduction in alpha-band power between eyes-closed and eyes-open states is explicable in terms of an increase in the damping of stochastically perturbed alpha-band relaxation oscillatory activity. These changes in damping are putatively modified by the antagonism of NMDA-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission but are not directly driven by changes in input to cortex nor by reductions in the phase synchronisation of populations of near identical oscillators. These results not only provide a direct challenge to the dominant view of the role that thalamus and neuronal population de-/synchronisation have in the genesis and modulation of alpha electro-/magnetoencephalographic activity but also suggest potentially important physiological determinants underlying its dynamical control and regulation.
E-cadherin binds glycosylated sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide to facilitate hepatitis B virus entry
Authors: Hu Qin , Zhang Fei-Fei , Duan Liang , Wang Bo , Li Pu , Li Dan-Dan , Yang Sheng-Jun , Zhou Lan , Chen Wei-Xian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to pose a serious public health risk and is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current antiviral therapy does not effectively eradicate HBV and, thus, further investigation into the mechanisms employed by HBV to allow for invasion of host cells, is critical for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as a functional receptor for HBV. However, the specific mechanism by which HBV and NTCP interact remains unclear. Herein we show that the expression of E-cadherin was upregulated in cells expressing HBV, while knockdown of E-cadherin in HepG2-NTCP cells, HepaRG cells and primary human hepatocytes served to significantly inhibit infection by HBV and HBV pseudotyped particles. Alternatively, exogenous E-cadherin expression was found to significantly enhance HBV uptake by HepaRG cells. Further, mechanistic studies identified glycosylated NTCP localized to the cell membrane via E-cadherin binding, which subsequently allowed for more efficient binding between NTCP and the preS1 of the large HBV surface proteins. E-cadherin was also found to play a key role in establishing and maintaining hepatocyte polarity, which is essential for efficient HBV infection. These observations suggest that E-cadherin facilitates HBV entry through regulation of NTCP distribution and hepatocyte polarity.Author SummaryHepatitis B Virus (HBV) still seriously endangers public health. It is very important to understand the mechanism of HBV invading host cells for developing new therapy target. Sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is the key receptor mediating HBV invasion, while other molecules also exhibit important roles in ensuring efficient and productive HBV infection. This study reports that E-cadherin facilitates HBV entry by directly interacting with glycosylated NTCP to mediate its distribution on the hepatocyte membrane and also affects the efficacy of HBV invasion by influncing hepatocyte polarity.
Alpha Herpesvirus Egress and Spread from Neurons Uses Constitutive Secretory Mechanisms Independent of Neuronal Firing Activity
Authors: Ambrosini Anthony E. , Deshmukh Nikhil , Berry Michael J. , Enquist Lynn W. , Hogue Ian B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlpha herpesviruses naturally infect the peripheral nervous system, and can spread to the central nervous system causing severe deadly or debilitating disease. Because alpha herpesviruses spread along synaptic circuits, and infected neurons exhibit altered electrophysiology and increased spontaneous firing, we hypothesized that alpha herpesviruses use activity-dependent synaptic vesicle-like regulated secretory mechanisms for egress and spread from neurons. To address this hypothesis, we used a compartmentalized primary neuron culture system to measure egress and spread of pseudorabies virus (PRV), pharmacological and optogenetics approaches to modulate neuronal firing activity, and a live-cell fluorescence microscopy assay to directly visualize the exocytosis of individual virus particles from infected neurons. Using tetrodotoxin to silence neuronal activity, we observed no inhibition of virus spread, and using potassium chloride or optogenetics to elevate neuronal activity, we also show no increase in virus spread. Using a live-cell fluorescence microscopy method to directly measure virus egress from infected neurons, we observed no association between virus particle exocytosis and intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Finally, we observed virus particle exocytosis occurs in association with constitutive secretory Rab GTPases, Rab6a and Rab8a, not Rab proteins that are associated with the Ca2+-regulated secretory pathway in neurons, Rab3a and Rab11a. Therefore, we conclude that alpha herpesvirus egress and spread is independent of neuronal activity and Ca2+ signaling because virus particle exocytosis uses constitutive secretory mechanisms in neurons.Author SummaryAlpha herpesviruses, including important human pathogens Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2, and Varicella-Zoster Virus, are among the very few viruses that naturally infect the nervous system. These viruses cause recurrent herpetic and zosteriform lesions, peripheral neuropathies, and deadly or debilitating central nervous system diseases. Many of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of viral egress and spread remain unknown, particularly in the context of specialized neuronal cell biology. Our results indicate that elevated firing activity of infected neurons is not functionally or mechanistically linked to virus egress and spread; therefore, therapies targeting peripheral neuropathic symptoms, elevated neuronal activity, and synaptic vesicle secretory mechanisms are unlikely to affect virus spread in the nervous system.
Human cerebrospinal fluid induces neuronal excitability changes in resected human neocortical and hippocampal brain slices
Authors: Wickham Jenny , Corna Andrea , Schwarz Niklas , Uysal Betül , Layer Nikolas , Wuttke Thomas V. , Koch Henner , Zeck Günther 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman cerebrospinal fluid (hCSF) have proven advantageous over conventional medium when culturing both rodent and human brain tissue. Increased excitability and synchronicity, similar to the active state exclusively recordedin vivo, reported in rodent slice and cell-cultures with hCSF as recording medium, indicates properties of the hCSF not matched by the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) commonly used for electrophysiological recording. To evaluate the possible importance of using hCSF as electrophysiological recording medium of human brain tissue, we compared the general excitability inex vivohuman brain tissue slice cultures during perfusion with hCSF and aCSF. For measuring the general activity from a majority of neurons within neocortical and hippocampal humanex vivoslices we used a microelectrode array (MEA) recording technique with 252 electrodes covering an area of 3.2 x 3.2 mm2and a second CMOS-based MEA with 4225 electrodes on a 2 x 2 mm2area for detailed mapping of action potential waveforms. We found that hCSF increase the number of active neurons and the firing rate of the neurons in the slices as well as increasing the numbers of bursts while leaving the duration of the bursts unchanged. Interestingly, not only an increase in the overall activity in the slices was observed, but a reconfiguration of the network functionality could be detected with specific activation and inactivation of subpopulations of neuronal ensembles. In conclusion, hCSF is an important component to consider for future human tissue studies, especially for experiments designed to mimic thein vivosituation.
Serosolver: an open source tool to infer epidemiological and immunological dynamics from serological data
Authors: Hay James A. , Minter Amanda , Ainslie Kylie , Lessler Justin , Kucharski Adam J. , Riley Steven 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present a flexible, open source R package designed to obtain additional biological and epidemiological insights from commonly available serological datasets. Analysis of serological responses against pathogens with multiple strains such as influenza pose a specific statistical challenge because observed antibody responses measured in serological assays depend both on unobserved prior infections and the resulting cross-reactive antibody dynamics that these infections generate. We provide a general modelling framework to jointly infer these two typically confounded biological processes using antibody titres against current and historical strains. We do this by linking latent infection dynamics with a mechanistic model of antibody dynamics that generates expected antibody titres over time. This makes it possible to use observations of antibodies in serological assays to infer an individual’s infection history as well as the parameters of the antibody process model. Our aim is to provide a flexible inference package that can be applied to a range of datasets studying different viruses over different timescales. We present two case studies to illustrate how our model can infer key immunological parameters, such as antibody titre boosting, waning and cross-reaction, and well as latent epidemiological processes such as attack rates and age-stratified infection risk.
A mechanism for how Cdr1/Nim1 kinase promotes mitotic entry by inhibiting Wee1
Authors: Opalko Hannah E. , Nasa Isha , Kettenbach Arminja N. , Moseley James B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo enter into mitosis, cells must shut off the cell cycle inhibitor Wee1. SAD family protein kinases regulate Wee1 signaling in yeast and humans. InS. pombe, two SAD kinases (Cdr1/Nim1 and Cdr2) act as upstream inhibitors of Wee1. Previous studies found thatS. pombeCdr1/Nim1 directly phosphorylates and inhibits Wee1in vitro, but different results were obtained for budding yeast and human SAD kinases. Without a full understanding of Cdr1 action on Wee1, it has been difficult to assess thein vivorelevance and conservation of this mechanism. Here, we show that both Cdr1 and Cdr2 promote Wee1 phosphorylation in cells, but only Cdr1 inhibits Wee1 kinase activity. Inhibition occurs when Cdr1 phosphorylates a cluster of serine residues linking α-helices G and H of the Wee1 kinase domain. This region is highly divergent among different Wee1 proteins, consistent with distinct regulatory mechanisms. Awee(4A)mutant that impairs phosphorylation by Cdr1 delays mitotic entry and causes elongated cells. By disrupting and re-targeting Cdr1 localization, we show that Cdr1 inhibition of Wee1 occurs in cells at cortical nodes formed by Cdr2. Based on our results, we propose a two-step model for inhibition of Wee1 by Cdr1 and Cdr2 at nodes.
Exploration-related strategy mediates negative coupling between decision-making performance and psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Suzuki Shinsuke , Yamashita Yuichi , Katahira Kentaro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVarious psychiatric symptoms are often accompanied by impairments in decision-making. Given the high comorbidity of psychiatric disorders, symptoms that specifically couple with the impairment remain unidentified. The computations involved in decision-making that mediate the coupling are also elusive. Here, we conducted an online experiment with healthy individuals (n=939), participating in a decision-making task and completing questionnaires about psychiatric symptoms. The questionnaire data identified two dimensions underlying various symptoms: the first is mainly associated with obsessive-compulsive traits whereas the second is associated with depression and anxiety. Furthermore, by model-based analysis, we found only the first dimension was negatively correlated with the overall performance of the decision-making task, and the negative correlation was mediated by choice stochasticity (random exploration) and propensity to choose options previously unchosen. Given that the preference for previously unchosen options can reflect uncertainty-driven exploration, our findings highlight a key role of exploration-related strategies in psychiatric deficits of decision-making.
A LAMP assay for the rapid and robust assessment of Wolbachia infection in Aedes aegypti under field and laboratory conditions
Authors: Jasper Moshe , Yang Qiong , Ross Perran A. , Endersby-Harshman Nancy , Bell Nicholas , Hoffmann Ary A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith Wolbachia-based arbovirus control programs being scaled and operationalised around the world, cost effective and reliable detection of Wolbachia in field samples and laboratory stocks is essential for quality control. Here we validate a modified loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for routine scoring of Wolbachia in mosquitoes from laboratory cultures and the field, applicable to any setting. We show that this assay is a rapid and robust method for highly sensitive and specific detection of wAlbB Wolbachia infection within Aedes aegypti under a variety of conditions. We test the quantitative nature of the assay by evaluating pooled mixtures of Wolbachia-infected and uninfected mosquitoes and show that it is capable of estimating infection frequencies, potentially circumventing the need to perform large-scale individual analysis for wAlbB infection status in the course of field monitoring. These results indicate that LAMP assays are useful for routine screening particularly under field conditions away from laboratory facilities.ImportanceReleases of mosquitoes infected with strains of Wolbachia bacteria are expanding around the world because this bacterium that lives inside cells provides an effective tool to suppress mosquito populations and the ability of mosquitoes to transmit viruses. The success of the release programs relies on rapid and effective means of detecting Wolbachia and scoring their frequencies in mosquitoes for quality control and for assessing the success of releases. Here we test a “LAMP” (Loop-mediated isothermal amplification) assay for robust detection of Wolbachia infections in laboratory and field mosquito populations. We show that the assay can detect the bacteria when present at a low density in samples, and with a high degree of reproducibility. The assay uses a simple protocol which requires minimal training. It can readily detect Wolbachia in mosquitoes obtained from traps that are routinely used in field surveys. The assay should be cost effective in a variety of settings.