bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and effectiveness of apixaban in Japanese patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in clinical practice: A regulatory postmarketing surveillance, the STANDARD study
Authors: Inoue Hiroshi , Umeyama Michiaki , Yamada Takako , Hashimoto Hiroyuki , Komoto Akira , Yasaka Masahiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundApixaban, a non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC), was approved in Japan in 2012 for the prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). However, the safety and effectiveness of apixaban in clinical practice have not yet been elucidated thoroughly among Japanese NVAF patients.MethodsA postmarketing surveillance study was conducted to determine the safety and effectiveness of apixaban. Patients were followed‐up for 104 weeks. Outcome events included adverse drug reactions (ADRs), hemorrhages, and thromboembolic events (ischemic stroke, systemic embolism [SE], and transient ischemic attack [TIA]).ResultsAmong 6306 NVAF patients in the safety analysis set (age, 74.5 ± 10.1 years; women, 41.1%; and CHADS2 score, 2.0 ± 1.4), 3600 patients (57.1%) received the standard dose (5 mg twice daily) and 2694 (42.7%) received a reduced dose (2.5 mg twice daily) of apixaban. ADRs occurred in 604 patients (9.58%), with the most common being epistaxis (0.86%), subcutaneous hemorrhage (0.67%), and hematuria (0.57%). Incidence rate of any hemorrhages and major hemorrhage was 5.52% per year and 2.36% per year, respectively. Incidence rate of ischemic stroke/SE/TIA was 1.00% per year among 6286 patients in the effectiveness analysis set. Among three subgroups (3106 apixaban initiators, 2038 patients switched from warfarin, and 1118 patients switched from other NOACs), incidence rates of major hemorrhage (P = 0.221 for trend) and ischemic stroke/SE/TIA (P = 0.686 for trend) were comparable.ConclusionsNo new safety signals of apixaban were identified in Japanese NVAF patients. Safety and effectiveness of apixaban were consistent with those in the ARISTOTLE study.
Effects of multiple climate change factors on the spring phenology of herbaceous plants in Inner Mongolia, China: Evidence from ground observation and controlled experiments
Authors: Huang Wenjie , Ge Quansheng , Wang Huanjiong , Dai Junhu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn a natural ecosystem or as climatic climax community, grassland is relatively dry with a strongly seasonal climate, and sensitive to climatic changes. Most of the previous studies used remote sensing data to investigate the phenological response of grassland to climate change, while ground‐based studies covering a large geographic area were limited. In this study, using the long‐term phenological data (1981–2012) of 16 herbaceous species observed at 20 stations in Inner Mongolia, China, we first investigated the trends in three spring phenophases, including the dates of bud‐burst, first leaf unfolding, and 50% of leaf unfolding. Subsequently, multiple linear regressions between phenophases and four climatic factors (spring temperature, soil moisture, chilling temperature, and insolation) were performed to determine the relative importance of each factor on the spring phenology. To validate the resulted regression coefficients, we developed a controlled environment to investigate the factors regulating the leaf unfolding time of one dominant species (Leymus chinensis). The results showed that the study area became warmer and drier from 1981 to 2012. However, the overall changes in spring phenophases were not apparent, as there was a similar proportion of significant earlier or later trends. Such phenological changes were driven by multiple climatic factors. The warmer temperature would advance the spring phenophases, while lower soil moisture would delay them. The impact of soil moisture was significant in the experimental data, but not significant in the observation data. In addition, leaf unfolding became faster whenL. chinensisexperienced more chilling days, but this effect was difficult to be detected in observation data due to the weak sensitivity of the leaf unfolding time to chilling days. These findings can help us to understand how the spring phenology of typical herbaceous species responds to multiple climatic factors under the background of climate change.
Periodontal inflammation is related to increased serum calcitonin gene‐related peptide levels in patients with chronic migraine
Authors: Leira Yago , Ameijeira Pablo , Domínguez Clara , López‐Arias Esteban , Ávila‐Gómez Paulo , Pérez‐Mato María , Sobrino Tomás , Campos Francisco , D'Aiuto Francesco , Leira Rogelio , Blanco Juan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecently, a relationship was found between periodontitis and chronic migraine. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a key element in migraine pathophysiology. However, no information exists of the potential association between periodontal inflammation and CGRP in chronic migraine. The aim of the study was, therefore, to investigate whether there is a link between periodontitis and peripheral levels of CGRP in a cohort of patients with chronic migraine.MethodsWe included 102 chronic migraineurs and 77 age‐ and sex‐matched individuals free of headache/migraine. Full‐mouth periodontal parameters were recorded and the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated to quantify the periodontal inflammatory status for each participant. Sociodemographic data and comorbidities were assessed by means of a standard questionnaire. We collected blood samples and serum concentrations were done for CGRP, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐10.ResultsIn the chronic migraine group, patients with periodontitis had greater levels of serum CGRP (19.7 ± 6.5 versus 15.3 ± 6.2 pg/mL,P< 0.0001) and IL‐6 (15.1 ± 9.2 versus 9.6 ± 6.3 pg/mL,P < 0.0001) while non‐significant differences were observed with IL‐10 (2.0 ± 1.0 versus 2.8 ± 1.5 pg/mL,P = 0.675) concentrations than those without periodontitis. PISA was independently associated with CGRP in patients with chronic migraine (β = 0.003; 95% confidence interval: 0.001 to 0.006,P = 0.031). PISA correlated positively with CGRP (r = 0.236;P = 0.017) and IL‐6 (r = 0.262;P = 0.008) in chronic migraine.ConclusionsPeriodontal inflammation is associated with increased circulating levels of CGRP in chronic migraineurs. Elucidating the exact mechanisms through which periodontitis and CGRP are linked in these patients deserves further investigation.
Effects of topical application of 1% sodium alendronate gel in the surgical treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: A 6‐month randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Carvalho Dutra Bernardo , Oliveira Alcione Maria Soares Dutra , Oliveira Peterson Antônio Dutra , Miranda Cota Luís Otávio , Silveira Juliana Oliveira , Costa Fernando Oliveira 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSodium alendronate (ALN) is an aminobisphosphonate and potent inhibitor of bone resorption. It has been suggested that ALN might be a promising carrier of biomolecules for periodontal bone repair. The aim of this randomized split‐mouth clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of the topical application of 1% ALN gel in intrabony defects during the surgical treatment of patients with periodontitis.MethodsSixty‐four intrabony defects from 32 patients with periodontitis were randomly treated with either 1% ALN gel or placebo gel during periodontal surgeries. Full‐mouth periodontal examination was performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after surgical treatment. Clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded as the clinical outcomes. Bone defects were evaluated by digital subtraction radiography (DSR) at baseline and 6 months post‐treatment. Analyses were performed through Fisher, Kruskal‐Wallis, and ANOVA tests and a generalized estimation equations method.ResultsBoth ALN and placebo groups showed significant improvements in BOP, PD, and CAL after periodontal surgical procedures (P < 0.001). Intergroup analysis showed significantly better outcomes in the ALN group with higher PD reduction and clinical attachment gain. DSR showed positive effects on periodontal bone repair strongly associated in the ALN group (P < 0.001).ConclusionTopical application of 1% ALN may be a promising and beneficial adjuvant for the treatment of intrabony defects during surgical periodontal therapy.
Synthesis of core‐shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective determination of imidacloprid in apple samples
Authors: Farooq Saqib , Nie Jiyun , Cheng Yang , Yan Zhen , Bacha Syed Asim Shah , Zhang Jianyi , Nahiyoon Riaz Ali , Hussain Quaid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis work demonstrates the synthesis and characterization of core‐shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers based on surface imprinting using methacryloyl chloride as a functional monomer for the selective extraction of imidacloprid (template) from apple fruit. The characterization analysis results ensured the successful synthesis of the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers owing to their heterogeneous structure and good magnetic properties. An isothermal binding test was assessed with a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, and the kinetic results fit well to the Freundlich isothermal model. The polymers exhibited an adsorption capacity of 5.75 mg/g for the target analyte with a good selective extraction ability. In addition, the polymers can be reused several times without significant performance loss. The molecularly imprinted polymers showed good performance in the analysis of spiked apple sample with a linear range of 0.05–1.0 mg/L, a limit of detection of 0.048 mg/L and a limit of quantification of 0.146 mg/L (S/N = 3/10). The recoveries of the samples were 77.66–96.57% and their respective relative standard deviations were 3.36–0.45%. All the results indicated that the proposed method provided good selective extraction, as qualifying the analytical standards.
Finding of remarkable synergistic effect on the aroxyl‐radical‐scavenging rates under the coexistence of α‐tocopherol and catechins
Authors: Mukai Kazuo , Nagai Kanae , Ouchi Aya , Suzuki Tomomi , Izumisawa Katsuhiro , Nagaoka Shin‐Ichi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMeasurements of aroxyl radical (ArO•)‐scavenging rate constants () of antioxidants (AOHs) (α‐tocopherol (α‐TocH) and three catechins (CatHs) (ie, epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)) were performed in ethanol solution, using stopped‐flow spectrophotometry. values were measured not only for each AOH, but also for the mixtures of two AOHs (α‐TocH and CatH). A notable synergistic effect that the value of α‐TocH increases 1.29, 1.84, and 1.65 times under the coexistence of constant concentrations of EC, EGC, and EGCG, respectively, was observed for the solutions including α‐TocH and CatH. Similarly, values of CatHs (EC, EGC, and EGCG) increased 1.72, 2.25, and 2.34 times under the coexistence of constant concentrations of α‐TocH, respectively. UV‐Vis absorption of α‐tocopheroxyl radical (α‐Toc•) (λmax = 428 nm), which had been produced by reaction of α‐TocH with ArO•, decreased remarkably under the coexistence of α‐TocH and CatHs due to the fast α‐TocH‐regeneration reaction by CatHs. The result suggests that the prooxidant reaction due to α‐Toc• is suppressed by the coexistence of CatHs. By analyzing the formation and decay curves of α‐Toc•, it has been ascertained that one molecule of EGCG having three OH groups at B‐ring may rapidly regenerate three molecules of α‐Toc• to α‐TocH.
Reducing patient wait times in a head and neck cancer outpatient clinic: A pilot study
Authors: Silver Natalie , Weber Randal S. , Lozano Miguel , Hessel Amy , Meade Jeremy , Moore Judy , Hanna Ehab , Lewis Carol 
Published: May 2019

Objectives1) Identify causes of increased patient wait times in a high‐volume outpatient cancer clinic; and 2) use quality improvement tools to implement changes to reduce patient wait times.MethodsBaseline patient wait times for 10 faculty members in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX) outpatient head and neck cancer clinic were calculated. Patient workflow and scheduling processes were recorded and analyzed. The faculty with the lowest patient wait times was interviewed, and best practices were identified. Two physicians piloted interventions. Clinic templates were standardized and load‐leveled, and the total patients scheduled per hour was based on the physician's calculated capacity per hour. Paired t tests were used to analyze data, and P values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe baseline patient wait time average was 71 minutes (range 33–122 minutes). Several factors were found to increase patient wait times, including scheduling too many patients in a short time interval at the beginning of clinic hours and exceeding the physician's patient capacity per hour. For physicians implementing changes, the patient wait time was reduced significantly. For physician 3, the average wait time was reduced from 122 minutes to 52 minutes (57% decrease, P < 0.01) For physician 5, the wait time was reduced from an average of 89 minutes to 62 minutes (30% decrease, P < 0.01).ConclusionBy applying principles for quality improvement, such as identifying and benchmarking best practices, load‐leveling, and standardizing clinic scheduling, patient wait times were significantly reduced.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:E151–E154, 2020
Using Backscattering and Backcoupling in Silicon Ring Resonators as a New Degree of Design Freedom
Authors: Li Ang , Bogaerts Wim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSilicon optical ring resonators are potentially valuable for many applications. Due to the limited design freedom (coupling coefficient and roundtrip length), the functionality and performance cannot always be fully explored and optimized. In addition, high‐contrast silicon ring resonators suffer from parasitic coupling between their clockwise and counterclockwise modes as well as parasitic coupling from the input to both circulating modes, which degrades or even distorts the response. Herein, an overview is given to harness these effects as additional design parameters to overcome the detrimental effects and realize novel functionalities in silicon ring resonators. Through simulations and experimental characterization, it is shown how the manipulation of backreflection and backcoupling enables various novel functions, including tunable Fano resonances with maximum slope rate over 700 dB nm−1, tunable electromagnetically induced transparency, which slows light down over 1100 ps, a single‐mode silicon ring resonator with a free spectral range over 150 nm and tuning efficiency over 11 times higher compared to that of conventional silicon ring resonators, fundamental suppression of inevitable backscattering, spectral tuning, single sideband filtering, and ultrahigh Q/large finesse resonances.
Observation of a Topological Edge State in the X‐ray Band
Authors: Huang Qiushi , Guo Zhiwei , Feng Jiangtao , Yu Changyang , Jiang Haitao , Zhang Zhong , Wang Zhanshan , Chen Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe possibility of obtaining edge states of light that are robust against disorder by mimicking the topological properties of a solid‐state system has brought a profound impact on optical sciences. In the short‐wavelength region, X‐ray science and technology is undergoing tremendous development. It requires high‐precision optics with exquisite control of light properties and robustness against structural perturbations. Therefore, it is very attractive to extend the concept of optical topological manipulation to the X‐ray regime. Herein, the topological edge state is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated at the interface of two kinds of photonic crystals having different bandgap topological characteristics in the X‐ray regime. Remarkably, this topologically protected edge state is immune to the thickness disorder as long as the zero‐average‐effective‐mass condition is satisfied. This work extends the topological photonics to the X‐ray regime and paves the way for the development of novel X‐ray optics such as high‐resolution X‐ray filters/monochromators, or X‐ray quantum optics, to realize the phenomena such as Rabi splitting that are robust against disorders.
Preparation and pH‐Dependent Properties of Hydrogels Based on Acidic Copolymers with PEG Side Chains and α‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Stößlein Sebastian , Grunwald Ingo , Khachikyan Alexander , Faßbender Fabian , Thiel Karsten , Hartwig Andreas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA variety of differently structured PEG‐based polymers can form physically cross‐linked PEG hydrogels with α‐cyclodextrin. The polymer structures strongly influence the properties of the hydrogel and its formation. Four different copolymers of methoxy PEG methacrylate and methacrylic acid are used together with α‐cyclodextrin to study hydrogel formation speed and gel strength. The hydrogels are formed within 1–25 min, and the formation process is examined in situ by dynamic light scattering. The gel formation time is pH dependent due to the methacrylic acid present in the polymers. The gel strength examined by texture analyzer also depends on the composition and pH. With prior mechanical destruction, all hydrogels are dissolvable in an excess of water, being a useful feature for an in vivo usage. By analyzing the structures of the hydrogels with confocal light microscopy (laser scanning confocal microscopy) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) after freeze etching, the different hydrogel structures can be observed.
Wolf–Lamb‐type Catalysis in One Pot Using Electrospun Polymeric Catalyst Membranes
Authors: Pretscher Martin O. , Gekle Stephan , Agarwal Seema 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultistep catalytic transformations using incompatible catalysts (Wolf–Lamb‐type) in a one‐pot reaction cascade require site isolation of different catalysts by compartmentalization. In this work, the use of different electrospun catalytic membranes in a modular way as individual compartments is shown for one‐pot Wolf–Lamb‐type reaction cascades. The data are presented for one‐pot cascade reaction sequences catalyzed by acidic and basic membranes made by electrospinning polymeric acid (poly(styrene‐co‐styrene sulfonic acid‐co‐4‐methacryloyl‐oxybenzophen)) and basic (poly(styrene‐co‐4‐vinylpyridine‐co‐4‐methacryloyl‐oxybenzophen)) catalysts, respectively. The two‐step, one‐pot system used is the acidic catalyzed deacetylation of dimethoxybenzylacetale to benzaldehyde, which reacts with ethyl cyanoformate to result in a high yield of product (over 90%) under base‐catalyzed conditions. The reaction kinetics are further monitored and evaluated by using differential equations, showing the necessity of a parameter Δt to represent a retarded start for the second reaction step. The concept provides an easy and upscalable approach for use in Wolf–Lamb‐type systems.
Study of the influence of the structural grain size on the mechanical properties of technical materials
Authors: Harničárová M. , Valíček J. , Kušnerová M. , Kmec J. , Palková Z. , Kopal I. , Krmela J. , Panda A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe mechanical properties of technical materials depend on their structure. They are influenced not only by their chemical composition, but particularly by the structural grain size. Significant changes in the mechanical behaviour of materials are related both to surface and volume properties, and not only in the field of mechanical parameters. A wide range of physical and chemical parameters changes as well. Nano‐materials are the materials, the structural grain size of which is in the dimensional area from 10−9 to 10−7 m. Nano‐particles and nanostructures are thus so small that their behaviour is affected by atomic forces, properties of chemical bonding, and quantum phenomena. The wave nature of the very small particles begins to manifest itself. The aim of the authors is to contribute by their paper to the solution of the problems in the field of material engineering. This means to investigate the specifics in the behaviour of technical materials depending on the change in the structural grain size towards the nano‐areas, as well as the design and use of new techniques of mathematical and physical modelling including the operative measurement method.
Seismic analysis of inelastic cantilever column systems
Authors: Borodin L.A. , Strashnov S.V. , Rynkovskaya M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeismic analysis still has many issues to be investigated not only in countries which are situated in seismic regions but also in European countries, as it was seen in Italy, Greece and Turkey in 2017 [1]. Based on calculations, methods of theoretical and experimental research we performed synthesis reactions of the structural systems of the console type on the seismic effects. To identify structural architectonics of objects, a regular structure which includes geometrically non‐changeable (or slightly changeable) vertical spinal fragments and seismic safety bearing members with plastic hinges at the nodal connections is used. The determining factor of the stress‐strain state of the structural system is the angular displacement relative to the base in the form of deviations close to the rectilinear approximation. The method of seismic analysis of inelastic cantilever column systems of regular structure is developed [2]. The method is based on the energy principle for analysis of inelastic systems as a quasistatic problem. The results can be extended for ecological materials such as bamboo [3].
Numerical study of the interfaces of 3D‐printed concrete using discrete element method
Authors: Valle‐Pello P. , Álvarez‐Rabanal F.P. , Alonso‐Martínez M. , del Coz Díaz J.J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract3D concrete printing is an additive manufacturing method which reduces the time and improves the efficiency of the construction process. Structural behavior of printed elements is strongly influenced by the properties of the material and the interface surfaces. The printing process creates interface surfaces between layers in the horizontal and vertical directions. The bond strength between layers is the most critical property of printed elements. In this paper, the structural behavior of printed elements is studied using the discrete element method. The material is modelled using discrete particles with bonding between them. A new discrete model of a multilayer geometry is presented to study the behavior of the interfaces of printed concrete. The layers are made up of randomly placed particles to simulate the heterogeneous nature of concrete. The numerical model is developed to simulate the flexural behavior of multilayer specimens. A four‐point flexural test is simulated considering the interface surfaces between layers. This numerical model provides relevant results to improve the behavior of this kind of structural elements. The aim of this work is to provide a discrete element model to predict the mechanical behavior of 3D concrete printed components.