bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quantitative research on clinical parameters of gingival contour for anterior teeth esthetic analysis and design
Authors: Ke Xiu‐Ping , Wang Cun‐Wei , Sun Hui‐Qiang , Yang Yun , Luo Xia‐Yan , Liu Ting‐Song 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo provide reference for computer‐aided esthetic analysis and design of the maxillary anterior teeth.Materials and MethodsIntraoral scanner was used to obtain the maxillary three‐dimensional digital models of subjects with healthy periodontal tissue. In SpaceClaim, the occlusal plane was established as the horizontal reference plane to measure the positional relation between the gingival zenith (GZ) of the maxillary anterior teeth, the angle formed between the gingival line and the maxillary midline (GLA), the distance between the GZ of the lateral incisor and gingival line (LID), and the distance between the GZ and the vertical bisected middle surface along the long axis of the clinical crown (VBMS).ResultsThe GLA was 92.7 ± 3.2°. The GZ of the canine, lateral incisor, and left central incisor were located to the GZ of the right central incisor coronally at 0.68 ± 0.91, 0.65 ± 0.66 mm, and apically at 0.12 ± 0.42 mm, respectively. The LID was 0.65 ± 0.92 mm. The GZ of the canine, lateral incisor, and central incisor were located distally to the VBMS at 0.00 ± 0.06, 0.27 ± 0.19, and 0.73 ± 0.21 mm, respectively.ConclusionThe GZ at different tooth position are in different heights. The direction and degree of the GZ deviation from the VBMS are also related to tooth position.Clinical SignificanceThe clinical parameters of the gingival contour obtained in this research can be used for patients with unsound contour of periodontal soft tissue to do the anterior teeth esthetic analysis. Besides, it can also be used to determine the proper position between the GZs of the maxillary anterior teeth in anterior teeth esthetic design.
Infection of Chorthippus loratus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with Liebermannia sp. (Microsporidia) in South‐Western Russia
Authors: Ignatieva Anastasia N. , Gerus Aleksei V. , Senderskiy Igor V. , Malysh Svetlana M. , Dolzhenko Viktor I. , Tokarev Yuri S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChorthippus loratus collected in Krasnodar Territory in 2017 was infected at 15% rate with a microsporidium possessing ovocylindrical binucleate spores, 2.6 × 1.2 μm in size. SSU RNA gene typing (Genbank accession # MH396491) showed its allocation to the genus Liebermannia. Degenerate primers based upon largest subunit RNA polymerase II (RPB1) sequences of closest relatives allowed amplifying the respective gene fragment of Liebermannia sp. (# MH396492). The present finding indicates worldwide distribution of the Liebermannia genus and parasitism in hosts with nonoverlapping geographic ranges (representing Neotropical versus Palearctic fauna), while previous observations were restricted to Acridoidea endemic for South America.
Patents and the Success of Venture‐Capital Backed Startups: UsingExaminer Assignment to Estimate Causal Effects
Authors: Gaulé Patrick 
Published: October 2018

AbstractI study whether patent protection has a causal effect on entrepreneurial firm outcomes using a measure of patent examiner leniency as an instrument for getting patents. The analysis is based on sample of 1,950 U.S. startups applying for patent protection in the two years following their first round of venture capital funding. I find a positive and large effect of patents on firm success but only for life science firms and more important inventions. I interpret these results as reflecting the importance of patents in appropriating returns to invention in the life science industry.
Tongue pressure distribution of individual normal occlusions and exploration of related factors
Authors: Yu Min , Gao Xuemei 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundTongue plays an important part in oral and maxillofacial system. Measurement of tongue pressure helps to evaluate the performance of tongue movement.ObjectivesTo establish a system for measuring tongue pressure against hard palate and to preliminarily explore pressure distribution of individual normal occlusions and the relationship with dental arch form.MethodsA total of 19 volunteers of individual normal occlusions out of 189 dental students met inclusion criteria (nine males, ten females, aged 25.53 ± 0.96 years). A force‐sensing resistor device was used to measure tongue pressure at rest and functional state (swallowing). We observed tongue pressure of four channel (anterior, posterior and lateral sides of hard palate) in sitting, supine position and swallowing. We analysed pressure differences according to gender and explored correlation relationship between tongue pressure and dental arch width and length using 3D digital maxillary image.ResultsIn rest, tongue pressure against hard palate increased from front to back in both sitting and supine position, without gender differences. When swallowing saliva, the pressure at lateral sides of females was found significantly higher than that of males. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed duration of swallowing was positively correlated with BMI and weight at posterior region and positively correlated with palatal length at anterior palate. The greater the dental arch width, the smaller the pressure of swallowing in the anterior and lateral region.ConclusionIn rest, there was consistent pressure of tongue against hard palate. The pressure increased significantly during swallowing, especially in females. Tongue pressure was related to dental arch length, width, BMI and weight.
Effect of dietary supplementation of recombinant Cry and Cp4 epsps proteins on haematological indices of growing rabbits
Authors: Salisu Ibrahim Bala , Shahid Ahmad Ali , Yaqoob Amina , Rao Abdul Qayyum , Husnain Tayyab 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGenetically modified (GM) crops expressing insect resistance and herbicide tolerance provide a novel approach for improved crop production but their advent at the same time presents serious challenges in terms of food safety. Although prevailing scientific proof has suggested that transgenic crops are analogous to their conventional counterparts, their use in human and animal diet gave rise to emotional public discussion. A number of studies had been conducted to evaluate the potential unintended effects of transgenic crops expressing single transgene, but very few studies for those with multiple transgenes. As the crops with single and multiple transgenes could impart different effects on non‐target organisms, thus, risk evaluation of transgenic crops expressing more than one transgene is required to declare their biosafety. The present study was therefore designed to assess the effects of different levels of dietary transgenic cottonseed expressing recombinants proteins produced by Cry1Ac, Cry2A and Cp4epsps genes on haematological indices of growing rabbits. A total of 48 rabbits were assigned to four dietary treatments containing different levels of transgenic cottonseeds (i.e., 0% w/w, 20% w/w, 30% w/w and 40% w/w) with 0% w/w serving as control. Haematological parameters were measured at periodic intervals (0, 45, 90, 135 and 180) days. No significant (p > 0.05) dose‐dependent effects were observed in most of the haematological parameters evaluated. Though, significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded in the level of MCHC, MCH and HCT in some of experimental male and female rabbits, yet, they were not biologically significant, as all the differences were within the normal reference values. Our study suggested that feeding transgenic cottonseed of up to 40% could not adversely affect rabbit's haematological profile. However, further study needs to be conducted with different cotton genotypes expressing both single and polygenic traits before recommending the utilization of transgenic cottonseed in routine livestock feeding.
Using the rapid A‐Ci response (RACiR) in the Li‐Cor 6400 to measure developmental gradients of photosynthetic capacity in poplar
Authors: Lawrence Erica H. , Stinziano Joseph R. , Hanson David T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe rapid A‐Ci response (RACiR) technique alleviates limitations of measuring photosynthetic capacity by reducing the time needed to determine the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and electron transport rate (Jmax) in leaves. Photosynthetic capacity and its relationships with leaf development are important for understanding ecological and agricultural productivity; however, our current understanding is incomplete. Here, we show that RACiR can be used in previous generation gas exchange systems (i.e., the LI‐6400) and apply this method to rapidly investigate developmental gradients of photosynthetic capacity in poplar. We compared RACiR‐determined Vcmax and Jmax as well as respiration and stomatal conductance (gs) across four stages of leaf expansion in Populus deltoides and the poplar hybrid 717‐1B4 (Populus tremula × Populus alba). These physiological data were paired with leaf traits including nitrogen concentration, chlorophyll concentrations, and specific leaf area. Several traits displayed developmental trends that differed between the poplar species, demonstrating the utility of RACiR approaches to rapidly generate accurate measures of photosynthetic capacity. By using both new and old machines, we have shown how more investigators will be able to incorporate measurements of important photosynthetic traits in future studies and further our understanding of relationships between development and leaf‐level physiology.
Physiological and molecular mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation in nonmycorrhizal versus mycorrhizal plants
Authors: Shi Wenguang , Zhang Yuhong , Chen Shaoliang , Polle Andrea , Rennenberg Heinz , Luo Zhi‐Bin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUptake, translocation, detoxification, and sequestration of heavy metals (HMs) are key processes in plants to deal with excess amounts of HM. Under natural conditions, plant roots often establish ecto‐ and/or arbuscular‐mycorrhizae with their fungal partners, thereby altering HM accumulation in host plants. This review considers the progress in understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in HM accumulation in nonmycorrhizal versus mycorrhizal plants. In nonmycorrhizal plants, HM ions in the cells can be detoxified with the aid of several chelators. Furthermore, HMs can be sequestered in cell walls, vacuoles, and the Golgi apparatus of plants. The uptake and translocation of HMs are mediated by members of ZIPs, NRAMPs, and HMAs, and HM detoxification and sequestration are mainly modulated by members of ABCs and MTPs in nonmycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal‐induced changes in HM accumulation in plants are mainly due to HM sequestration by fungal partners and improvements in the nutritional and antioxidative status of host plants. Furthermore, mycorrhizal fungi can trigger the differential expression of genes involved in HM accumulation in both partners. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie HM accumulation in mycorrhizal plants is crucial for the utilization of fungi and their host plants to remediate HM‐contaminated soils.
Problematic Internet use and its associations with health‐related symptoms and lifestyle habits among rural Japanese adolescents
Authors: Kojima Reiji , Sato Miri , Akiyama Yuka , Shinohara Ryoji , Mizorogi Sonoko , Suzuki Kohta , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Yamagata Zentaro 
Published: October 2018

AimThere have been concerns about the increase in problematic Internet use (PIU) and its impact on lifestyle habits and health‐related symptoms, given the rapid spread of smartphones. This study aimed to clarify PIU prevalence over 3 years in the same area and investigate lifestyle and health‐related factors related to PIU among junior high‐school students in Japan.MethodsEach year during 2014–2016, a survey was conducted with junior high‐school students from a rural area of Japan (2014, n = 979; 2015, n = 968; 2016, n = 940). Young's Internet Addiction Test was used to assess participants’ PIU. Students scoring 40 or higher on the Internet Addiction Test were classified as showing PIU in this study. The associations between PIU and lifestyle factors (e.g., exercise habits, weekday study time, and sleep time) and health‐related symptoms (depressive symptoms and orthostatic dysregulation [OD] symptoms) were studied by logistic regression analyses.ResultsOver the 3 years, the prevalence of PIU was 19.9% in 2014, 15.9% in 2015, and 17.7% in 2016 without significant change. PIU was significantly associated with skipping breakfast, having a late bedtime (after midnight), and having OD symptoms among students from all grades. Sleepiness after awakening in the morning, less studying time, and depressive symptoms had significant positive associations with PIU, except among 1st grade junior high‐school students.ConclusionOur results suggest that PIU is related to decreased time spent sleeping, studying, and exercising and increased symptoms of depression and OD. Further investigations are needed to develop preventive measures for PIU.
Cefepime‐induced encephalopathy: Neural mass modeling of triphasic wave‐like generalized periodic discharges with a high negative component (Tri‐HNC)
Authors: Tamune Hidetaka , Hamamoto Yu , Aso Naofumi , Yamamoto Naoki 
Published: October 2018

AimCefepime, a fourth‐generation cephalosporin, acts as a GABAA receptor antagonist. Cefepime‐induced encephalopathy (CIE) is frequently overlooked. We aimed to clarify the clinical features, characteristic electroencephalography (EEG), and mechanisms of CIE to aid in its early recognition.MethodsCIE cases documented by a single‐center consultation–liaison team between April 2015 and March 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. For further investigation, neural mass modeling was performed in silico.ResultsThree patients with CIE refused medication/examination and showed overt pain, palilalia, and much greater deterioration of eye and verbal response than the motor response, which was possibly related to GABAergic dysfunction. Triphasic wave‐like generalized periodic discharges with a high negative component (Tri‐HNC) were identified on the EEG of all three cases. The simulation reproduced the characteristic feature of 2–3 Hz Tri‐HNC and recovery course on EEG, and a possible involvement of individual differences in pharmacological intervention. It also suggested that auto‐inhibition (synaptic inputs from interneuron to interneuron) dysregulation contributed to generating Tri‐HNC in CIE.ConclusionAs CIE is iatrogenic and continues unless cefepime is stopped, early recognition is crucial. Physicians should be vigilant about altered mental status, pain, and verbal changes in patients taking cefepime. Tri‐HNC on EEG can expedite the diagnosis of CIE, and the association between Tri‐HNC and CIE suggests that an excitatory and inhibitory imbalance due to the dysfunction of GABAergic interneurons is the underlying mechanism. This modeling may offer a new method of investigating disorders related to GABAergic dysfunction.
Disentangling binaries and the rise of Lamanite studies
Authors: Garrett Matthew 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe rise of Lamanite studies is a peculiar phenomenon that parallels the decline of the term's usage by the church that forged the very notion. Though created for a people who initially rejected the term in the nineteenth century, many mid‐ and late‐twentieth century converts embraced the Lamanite identity. Just as the ranks of self‐identified Lamanites swelled, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints' focus spilled over into international prospects, and over the past few decades, it turned away from the once special focus on those people. Nevertheless, the momentum of tens of thousands of indigenous and Latino converts necessitated a controversial discussion and analysis of such people over the past two decades. Recent scholarship increasingly invokes theoretical frameworks to better understand the process by which the Lamanite trope emerged and how it functioned among a living people.
Life satisfaction in association with self‐efficacy and stressor experience in adolescents – self‐efficacy as a potential moderator
Authors: Moksnes Unni K. , Eilertsen Mary‐Elizabeth B. , Ringdal Regine , Bjørnsen Hanne N. , Rannestad Toril 
Published: October 2018

AimThis paper reports associations among socio‐demographic variables, stressor experience, self‐efficacy and life satisfaction among Norwegian adolescents aged 15–21 years and the potential moderating role of self‐efficacy on the association between stressor experience and life satisfaction.MethodsThe cross‐sectional school‐based survey study involved 1816 upper‐secondary school students from Mid‐Norway. Data were analysed with independent samples t test, Pearson's product moment correlation and multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsBivariate results showed that boys scored higher than girls on life satisfaction and self‐efficacy, whereas girls scored higher than boys on all stressor domains. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that life satisfaction declined weakly with age, whereas stronger family economy and having parents who work full‐time associated with higher life satisfaction. Stress with teacher interaction, peer pressure, home life, school attendance, school–leisure conflict and school performance were all negatively associated with life satisfaction, whereas self‐efficacy associated positively and strongly with life satisfaction. Self‐efficacy moderated the association between both interpersonal and school‐related stressors and life satisfaction.ConclusionThe results provide support for the unique role of stressor experience and self‐efficacy in association with adolescents' life satisfaction as well as self‐efficacy as a stress moderator in relation to life satisfaction.
Lignin characterization of rice CONIFERALDEHYDE 5‐HYDROXYLASE loss‐of‐function mutants generated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Takeda Yuri , Suzuki Shiro , Tobimatsu Yuki , Osakabe Keishi , Osakabe Yuriko , Ragamustari Safendrri K. , Sakamoto Masahiro , Umezawa Toshiaki 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe aromatic composition of lignin is an important trait that greatly affects the usability of lignocellulosic biomass. We previously identified a rice (Oryza sativa) gene encoding coniferaldehyde 5‐hydroxylase (OsCAld5H1), which was effective in modulating syringyl (S)/guaiacyl (G) lignin composition ratio in rice, a model grass species. Previously characterized OsCAld5H1‐knockdown rice lines, which were produced via an RNA‐interference approach, showed augmented G lignin units yet contained considerable amounts of residual S lignin units. In this study, to further investigate the effect of suppression of OsCAld5H1 on rice lignin structure, we generated loss‐of‐function mutants of OsCAld5H1 using the CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing system. Homozygous OsCAld5H1‐knockout lines harboring anticipated frame‐shift mutations in OsCAld5H1 were successfully obtained. A series of wet‐chemical and two‐dimensional NMR analyses on cell walls demonstrated that although lignins in the mutant were predictably enriched in G units all the tested mutant lines produced considerable numbers of S units. Intriguingly, lignin γ‐p‐coumaroylation analysis by the derivatization followed by reductive cleavage method revealed that enrichment of G units in lignins of the mutants was limited to the non‐γ‐p‐coumaroylated units, whereas grass‐specific γ‐p‐coumaroylated lignin units were almost unaffected. Gene expression analysis indicated that no homologous genes of OsCAld5H1 were overexpressed in the mutants. These data suggested that CAld5H is mainly involved in the production of non‐γ‐p‐coumaroylated S lignin units, common in both eudicots and grasses, but not in the production of grass‐specific γ‐p‐coumaroylated S units in rice.
Incidence rates of hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Japan: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Uchida Shigeharu , Satake Masahiro , Kurisu Akemi , Sugiyama Aya , Ko Ko , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDThe classification of many new cases of hepatitis virus infection as overt hepatitis does not reflect the true incidence of infection because the disease takes an asymptomatic course in some cases. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to estimate the incidence rates of new hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among the blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODA 5‐year retrospective cohort study was conducted to estimate the incidence rates by using the medical records of the blood donors between 2008 and 2013 for HCV infection. HCV seroconversions were investigated using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay and then confirmed by nucleic acid amplification tests.RESULTSThe incidence rate of HCV infection was 0.40 per 100,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.57) for HCV RNA seroconversion only and 7.32 per 100,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval, 6.73–7.95) if either HCV RNA or anti‐HCV seroconversion were taken into consideration. No significant difference of new HCV infections was found between the sexes.CONCLUSIONThe incidence rate of HCV infection of this study was lower than that detected in a previous 1994–2004 study in which HCV incidence was 1.86 per 100,000 person‐year, which reflects the presence of an effective blood screening system and health strategies targeting hepatitis control and prevention.
Evaluation of Banks' Interest Rate Risk: An Alternative Approach
Authors: Lichtner Jakob , Riekeberg Marcus , Thiessen Friedrich , Maurer Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Interest rate risk is often assessed through parallel yield curve shifts of 100, 200 or 400 basis points. In order to provide a more realistic view, we did simulations based on periods of growing interest rates that actually occurred in the past. These simulations show that non-bank deposits and non-bank loans react more strongly to rising interest rates than certain interbank and security positions. Existing research usually overestimates related risks slightly as it does not take the interest-elastic reactions of non-banks into account. We found three types of effects. Firstly, the direct earnings effect stems from changed market interest rates applied to constant balance sheet positions. This effect is typically measured by straightforward models. Secondly, to increase accuracy, we identified an indirect earnings effect. Customers react to interest rate changes, and therefore balance sheet positions increase or decrease. The size of this effect depends on how strongly they react, i. e. their interest elasticity. Thirdly, the induced earnings effect results from a bank’s reactions in an attempt to compensate for the changed business volume.