bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why non-Muslims subscribe to Islamic banking?
Authors: Saiti Buerhan , Ardo Abubakar Aliyu , Yumusak Ibrahim Guran 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Islamic finance has exhibited immense potential to transform the global financial landscape in the recent years. In reaction to the trend, Nigeria introduced Islamic banking system to cater to the need of the teeming population and promote financial inclusion, among other potential benefits. Unfortunately, the notable growth recorded by the banks since the inception of the Islamic banking system is slowing down because of religiously induced sentiments and criticisms championed by certain non-Muslim segments of the society. Interestingly, even with the impish hype and publicity, non-Muslims make a significant customer base of the Islamic banks. Therefore, the current paper aims to investigate the factors influencing the choice of Islamic banking among non-Muslim customers, using the theory of planned behaviour as a conceptual framework.

Design/methodology/approach
This research adopts a positivist approach and relies on facts and quantitative data in an objective manner. Positivism emphasizes on using scientific methods to derive factual and quantifiable results.

Findings
Based on the regression analysis, subjective norm was found to be the most significant factor influencing the choice of Islamic banking followed by perceived behavioural control and attitude. As a result, it is important for Islamic banking institutions and relevant regulatory agencies to take preemptive measures that may protect and enhance these factors in a bid to promote patronage and eventual success of Islamic banking in Nigeria, especially in the face of growing scepticism.

Originality/value
The existing literature focuses on the choices of either Muslims without due emphasis on the determinant of choice in the case of non-Muslim customers. The growing support of Islamic banking products, cutting across religious divides, compels research on the factors that influence the choice of Islamic banking among non-Muslim customers. Hence, this research seeks to bridge the gap in the existing literature by embarking on an investigation into the factors influencing the choice of Islamic banking among non-Muslim customers in the context of Nigeria.
Foreign ownership and performance: mediating and moderating effects
Authors: Gu Vicky Ching , Cao Ray Qing , Wang John 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Although foreign ownership has been widely studied to show its impact on firm performance, the findings are mixed and the underlying rational to explain the impact is not entirely clear. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a direct relationship between foreign ownership and performance or if this relationship is indirect and affected by mediating and moderating variables such as international diversification and competitive environment.

Design/methodology/approach
Financial data, survey data and other financial measures for known indices are used in the research, and SPSS and SEM (Stata 15) analyses are used to test empirically derived hypotheses.

Findings
Results from this study indicate that the relationship between foreign ownership and firm performance is mediated by international diversification, such that higher levels of both foreign corporate and foreign institutional ownership lead to higher levels of international diversification, which then lead to higher levels of firm performance. Results from this study also indicate that the competitive environment moderates the relationship between a firm’s level of international diversification and performance, such that the effect of international diversification on performance is greater as the environment becomes more competitive.

Practical implications
This study provides empirical evidence for managers to seriously consider the impact of foreign ownership on decisions involving international diversification, along with competitive environment, when formulating and implementing organizational strategies.

Originality/value
This study extends prior research examining the effects of foreign ownership on firm performance by uniquely showing how international diversification mediates the relationship between foreign ownership and firm performance and how the competitive environment moderates the relationship between international diversification and firm performance.
Investigating the KKK’s sociopolitical position in American history, past and present
Authors: Bickford John H. , Clabough Jeremiah 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
White nationalist groups have recently been at the forefront of American sociopolitical life, as demonstrated by the events in Charlottesville, Virginia in 2017. The purpose of this paper is to explore the historical roots and various waves of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper offers high school teachers age-appropriate, evocative texts and disciplinary-specific, engaging tasks organized in a guided inquiry on the KKK, America’s most prominent hate organization.

Findings
Students are positioned to utilize newly-constructed understandings to take informed action on the local, state and national level.

Originality/value
Recently-published research has explored late-nineteenth century and early-twentieth century manifestations of the Klan, but not mid-twentieth and twenty-first century outbursts.
Uncovering the role of social media and cross-platform applications as tools for knowledge sharing
Authors: Naeem Muhammad 
Published: June 2019

PurposeLeaders, consultants and researchers are increasingly focused on enhancing the adoption of social networking tools to increase knowledge sharing practices and the success rate of organizations. This study was conducted to explore the adoption of social networking applications in public and private sector universities. This paper aims to discover how social networking applications can foster knowledge sharing practices among employees of universities.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on an interpretivist, qualitative research design using grounded theory. Fifty-two semi-structured and non-directive interviews were undertaken with employees of public and private sector universities. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, and thematic analysis was performed using the NVivo 11-Plus.FindingsThe study highlights how social media networking applications can be used effectively and efficiently to foster knowledge sharing practices in the workplace. Five emerging themes are identified as follows. Social media networking tools can enhance new knowledge, increase employee skills, promote a knowledge sharing culture, foster effective communication and increase employee involvement in research activities.Research limitations/implicationsSocial networking applications have received attention because executives and researchers are increasingly focused on finding new ways to use social networking tools in business. The effective and efficient use of social networking tools helps organizations to foster knowledge amongst employees, and can address various critical issues such as knowledge hoarding, lowers levels of skills and knowledge, poor communication and employee involvement, the lack of desire to share knowledge, and resistance toward technology.Originality/valueA brief systematic literature review on social media and knowledge sharing highlights that only 11 per cent of studies found that examined the link between social media and knowledge sharing practices across the world. The study therefore represents an effort to shed new light on the adoption of social networking tools in the context of knowledge sharing among universities employees. Social media applications have become popular across the world, and the speed of their uptake is evolving rapidly. However, their contribution toward organizational change is not yet known.
Laboratory evolution reveals the metabolic and regulatory basis of ethylene glycol metabolism byPseudomonas putidaKT2440
Authors: Li Wing‐Jin , Jayakody Lahiru N. , Franden Mary Ann , Wehrmann Matthias , Daun Tristan , Hauer Bernhard , Blank Lars M. , Beckham Gregg T. , Klebensberger Janosch , Wierckx Nick 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPollution from ethylene glycol, and plastics containing this monomer, represent a significant environmental problem. The investigation of its microbial metabolism therefore provides insights into the environmental fate of this pollutant and also enables its utilization as a carbon source for microbial biotechnology. Here, we reveal the genomic and metabolic basis of ethylene glycol metabolism inPseudomonas putidaKT2440. Although this strain cannot grow on ethylene glycol as sole carbon source, it can be used to generate growth‐enhancing reducing equivalents upon co‐feeding with acetate. Mutants that utilize ethylene glycol as sole carbon source were isolated through adaptive laboratory evolution. Genomic analysis of these mutants revealed a central role of the transcriptional regulator GclR, which represses the glyoxylate carboligase pathway as part of a larger metabolic context of purine and allantoin metabolism. Secondary mutations in a transcriptional regulator encoded by PP_2046 and a porin encoded by PP_2662 further improved growth on ethylene glycol in evolved strains, likely by balancing fluxes through the initial oxidations of ethylene glycol to glyoxylate. With this knowledge, we reverse engineered an ethylene glycol utilizing strain and thus revealed the metabolic and regulatory basis that are essential for efficient ethylene glycol metabolism inP. putidaKT2440.
Emergency Medicine in the #MeToo Era
Authors: Marco Catherine A. , Geiderman Joel M. , Schears Raquel M. , Derse Arthur R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSexual harassment is a serious threat to a safe and productive workplace. The emergency department (ED) environment poses unique threats, including stress, time constraints, working in close physical proximity, and frequent personal contacts with staff, colleagues, consultants, and difficult patients. Sexual harassment must be recognized and addressed in individual cases, in policy and in law, to protect staff members and patients.This article addresses the scope of the problem of sexual harassment known to date. It describes the ED environment and culture and why they may be conducive to harassment or abusive behavior. The authors examine relationships among staff, legal and regulatory issues, and strategies for prevention and remediation of inappropriate behavior. The article ends with a call for future research.
Association Analysis: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Hypertension Status in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Cook Jonathan C. , Lynch Mary Ellen , Coles Claire D. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThis study examined the relationship between prenatal exposure to alcohol, manifested through fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and pFAS, and hypertension in children and adolescents.MethodsThis study was designed to analyze the association between fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) Status and hypertension status. FAS/pFAS‐diagnosed respondents (n = 125) were collected from a FASD Clinical database in Atlanta, Georgia. Non‐FAS/pFAS respondents (n = 500) were taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Chi‐square analyses were used to examine the extent to which FASD status, sex, race/ethnicity, medication use, and obesity status each related to hypertension status. A logistic regression was performed analyzing the relationship between FASD status (y/n: independent) and hypertension status (y/n: dependent) while controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, medication use, and obesity status.ResultsUnivariate relationships between hypertension status and FASD status (OR = 8.46, p < 0.001), medication use (OR = 3.25, p < 0.001), and obesity status (OR = 3.03, p = 0.02) proved to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). FASD status significantly predicted hypertension status (β = 2.31, OR = 10.06, p < 0.001) after accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, medication use, and obesity status.ConclusionsThe major findings of this study suggest a significant relationship between FASD and hypertension in youth. Race/ethnicity and obesity also proved important in predicting hypertensive blood pressure readings independent of FASD diagnosis. Further research is needed to isolate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) as a factor promoting increased hypertension and to assess the risk for hypertension in alcohol‐affected adults.
Contrasting responses of plants and pollinators to woodland disturbance
Authors: Coulin Carolina , Aizen Marcelo A. , Garibaldi Lucas A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPreserving species diversity is critical to ensure ecosystem functioning; however, different components of diversity might respond to human disturbance in different ways. Similarly, trophic levels might have uncoupled responses to the same disturbance, thus ameliorating or aggravating the persistence of ecological communities. In this study, we analysed how the density, richness and evenness of flowers and pollinators respond to four levels of woodland thinning intensity (0, 30, 50 and 70% of woodland basal area removed) over 2 years in three contrasting sites. We found a mismatch in the response of flowers and pollinators to thinning. Flower density and richness had disparate responses, depending on the site and year, while evenness did not change with thinning. In contrast, pollinator density and richness, but not evenness, consistently increased with thinning among years and sites. These results suggest that thinning has a great influence on pollinators through changes in abiotic conditions and, perhaps, flower attractiveness rather than through small‐scale changes in flower density and richness. At the site where tree flowers were absent, bee pollinator community composition was impoverished, suggesting that trees provide important floral resources to pollinators. Our findings indicate that disturbance may diminish local plant abundance and richness, but pollinator abundance and richness are enhanced after intense thinning at small scales.
Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Trial of Galantamine for Methadone‐Maintained Individuals With Cocaine Use Disorder: Secondary Analysis of Effects on Illicit Opioid Use
Authors: Carroll Kathleen M. , DeVito Elise E. , Yip Sarah W. , Nich Charla , Sofuoglu Mehmet 
Published: June 2019

Background and ObjectivesConcurrent use of cocaine and opioids is a persistent and challenging problem, particularly within methadone maintenance settings, and there are no approved pharmacotherapies for this population. Galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, was found in a randomized clinical trial to reduce cocaine use among methadone‐maintained individuals who were also cocaine dependent. Because of the potential of galantamine to reduce multiple drugs of abuse, it may also reduce opioid use.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of 120 methadone‐maintained individuals with concurrent cocaine dependence. Participants were randomized to galantamine or placebo in a 12‐week trial with a 6‐month follow‐up (97% of intention to treat sample reached for final follow‐up).ResultsThere was a significant main effect for galantamine over placebo on percent of urine specimens that were negative for opioids, both within treatment (77% for galantamine vs 62% for placebo, F = 5.0, P = 0.027) and through a 6‐month follow‐up (81% vs 59%, respectively, F = 10.8, P = 0.001). This effect was seen regardless of whether participants used nonprescribed opioids during the baseline period. Galantamine effects were seen early in treatment, with participants in placebo submitting the first opioid‐positive urine specimen significantly sooner than participants in galantamine (median day 15 vs 53, Wilcoxon = 5.7, P = 0.02).Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceIf these results are supported in future trials, galantamine may hold promise across multiple drugs of abuse, including opioids. (Am J Addict 2019;28:238–245)
Three‐year effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective multi‐centre cohort study
Authors: Amiot Aurelien , Serrero Melanie , Peyrin‐Biroulet Laurent , Filippi Jerome , Pariente Benjamin , Roblin Xavier , Buisson Anthony , Stefanescu Carmen , Trang‐Poisson Caroline , Altwegg Romain , Marteau Philippe , Vaysse Thibaud , Bourrier Anne , Nancey Stephane , Laharie David , Allez Matthieu , Savoye Guillaume , Moreau Jacques , Vuitton Lucine , Viennot Stephanie , Bouguen Guillaume , Abitbol Vered , Fumery Mathurin , Gagniere Charlotte , Bouhnik Yoram ,   the OBSERV‐IBD study group, the GETAID
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundCohort studies have described the short‐term effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in treating patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), but data beyond 1 year are lacking.AimTo assess the effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab after 162 weeks in patients with UC and CD.MethodsBetween June and December 2014, 294 patients including 173 patients with CD and 121 with UC were treated with vedolizumab induction therapy. Among them, 149 continued to be treated with vedolizumab beyond week 54 (78 patients with CD and 71 with UC). Disease activity was assessed using the Harvey‐Bradshaw Index for CD and the partial Mayo Clinic score for UC. The primary outcome was steroid‐free clinical remission at week 162, computed for the whole population included at week 0.ResultsSteroid‐free clinical remission rates at week 162 were 19.9% and 36.1% in patients with CD and UC respectively. Vedolizumab dose optimisation to 300 mg every 4 weeks instead of 300 mg every 8 weeks was at investigator's discretion and occurred in 58.7% and 52.1% of patients with CD and UC respectively. The 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year persistence rates of vedolizumab were 48.5%, 31.4% and 26.3% respectively, in patients with CD and 61.0%, 49.9% and 42.9% respectively, in patients with UC. No new safety signal was identified.ConclusionVedolizumab is able to maintain steroid‐free clinical remission in patients with UC and CD up to week 162. Loss of response resulting in discontinuation of vedolizumab occurred in 10% of patients per year.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: association between Helicobacter pylori CagA seropositivity and odds of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Tepler Adam , Narula Neeraj , Peek Richard M. , Patel Anish , Edelson Cyrus , Colombel Jean‐Frederic , Shah Shailja C. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundAccumulating data support a protective role of Helicobacter pylori against inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which might be mediated by strain‐specific constituents, specifically cagA expression.AimTo perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to more clearly define the association between CagA seropositivity and IBD.MethodsWe identified comparative studies that included sufficient detail to determine the odds or risk of IBD, Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) amongst individuals with vs without evidence of cagA expression (eg CagA seropositivity). Estimates were pooled using a random effects model.ResultsThree clinical studies met inclusion criteria. cagA expression was represented by CagA seropositivity in all studies. Compared to CagA seronegativity overall, CagA seropositivity was associated with lower odds of IBD (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.21‐0.44) and CD (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.17‐0.38), and statistically nonsignificant lower odds for UC (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.35‐1.32). Similarly, compared to H pylori non‐exposed individuals, H pylori exposed, CagA seropositive individuals had lower odds of IBD (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.16‐0.41) and CD (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15‐0.35), but not UC (OR 0.66, 0.34‐1.27). However, there was no significant difference in the odds of IBD, CD or UC between H pylori exposed, CagA seronegative and H pylori non‐exposed individuals.ConclusionWe found evidence for a significant association between CagA seropositive H pylori exposure and reduced odds of IBD, particularly CD, but not for CagA seronegative H pylori exposure. Additional studies are needed to confirm these findings and define underlying mechanisms.
Glucagon up‐regulates hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 through cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein; inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by ginsenoside Rb1
Authors: Lou Meng‐Die , Li Jia , Cheng Yao , Xiao Na , Ma Gaoxiang , Li Ping , Liu Baolin , Liu Qun , Qi Lian‐Wen 
Published: June 2019

Background and PurposeHepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) transports pyruvate into mitochondria. This study investigated the involvement of MPC1 in hepatic glucagon response, in order to identify a possible pharmacological intervention.Experimental ApproachThe correlation between hepatic glucagon response and MPC1 induction was investigated in fasted mice and primary hepatocytes. The effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on MPC1 function were observed.Key ResultsGlucagon challenge raised blood glucose with hepatic MPC1 induction, and inhibition of MPC induction coincided with a reduced rise in blood glucose. cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein (CREB) knockdown blocked glucagon‐induced MPC1 expression, while CREB overexpression increased MPC1 expression. Luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and promoter mutation confirmed that CREB increased MPC1 transcription through gene promoter induction. CREB regulated transcription co‐activator 2 nuclear translocation was also required for CREB to promote MPC1 induction. Glucagon shifted mitochondrial pyruvate towards carboxylation for gluconeogenesis via the opposite regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and carboxylase with respect to MPC1 induction. MPC1 induction was necessary for glucagon to promote pyruvate‐driven hepatic glucose production (HGP), but glucagon failed to influence HGP from other gluconeogenic substrates routed into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, independent of MPC. Rb1 blocked cAMP signalling by inhibiting AC activity and deactivated CREB by dephosphorylation, possibly contributing to inhibiting MPC1 induction to reduce HGP.Conclusions and ImplicationsCREB transcriptionally up‐regulates MPC1 to provide pyruvate for gluconeogenesis. Rb1 reduced cAMP formation which consequently reduced CREB‐mediated MPC1 induction and thereby might contribute to limiting pyruvate‐dependent HGP. These results suggest a therapeutic strategy to reduce hyperglycaemia in diabetes.