bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Construction of Law Neutrality of State Civil Apparatus in the Simultaneous Local Election in Indonesia
Authors: Riwanto Agus 
Published: June 2019

This article will examine and explore the urgency of the state's civil apparatus to be neutral in the simultaneous local election. State civil apparatus is an apparatus that works to serve the public interest rather than serve a particular group. That is why the need for the construction of constitutional law in an effort to create regulations in order the state civil apparatus has to be neutral. The construction by progressive constitutional law is by looking for new ways or role breaking and innovative breakthroughs, if the normal way and normative unable to immediately realize the objectives of the simultaneous local elections. There are three ways: First, to revoke the right to vote of state civil apparatus in the general election. Second, models political apointee bureaucracy in the local government. Third, change the model of career guidance state civil apparatus fom government regional autonomy to the central government by rank or class.
Inter- and intra-breed genome-wide copy number diversity in a large cohort of European equine breeds
Authors: Solé Marina , Ablondi Michela , Binzer-Panchal Amrei , Velie Brandon D , Hollfelder Nina , Buys Nadine , Ducro Bart J , François Liesbeth , Janssens Steven , Schurink Anouk , Viklund Åsa , Eriksson Susanne , Isaksson Anders , Kultima Hanna , Mikko Sofia , Lindgren Gabriella 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Copy Number Variation (CNV) is a common form of genetic variation underlying animal evolution and phenotypic diversity across a wide range of species. In the mammalian genome, high frequency of CNV differentiation between breeds may be candidates for population-specific selection. However, CNV differentiation, selection and its population genetics have been poorly explored in horses.

Results

We investigated the patterns, population variation and gene annotation of CNV using the Axiom® Equine Genotyping Array (670,796 SNPs) from a large cohort of individuals (N=1,755) belonging to eight European horse breeds, varying from draught horses to several warmblood populations. After quality control, 152,640 SNP CNVs (individual markers), 18,800 segment CNVs (consecutive SNP CNVs of same gain/loss state or both) and 939 CNV regions (CNVRs; overlapping segment CNVs by at least 1bp) compared to the average signal of the reference were identified. Our analyses showed that Equus caballus chromosome 12 (ECA12) was the most enriched in segment CNV gains and losses (~3% average proportion of the genome covered), but the highest number of segment CNVs were detected on ECA1 and ECA20 (regardless of size). The Friesian horses showed high percentage of unique SNP CNV gains (>20% of the samples) on ECA1 and Exmoor ponies displayed high percentage of unique SNP CNV losses on ECA25 (>20% of the samples). The length of the CNVRs ranged from 1 kb to 21.3 Mb. A total of 10,612 genes were annotated within the CNVRs. The panther annotation of these genes showed significantly under- and overrepresented gene ontology biological terms related to cellular processes and immunity (Bonferroni P-value < 0.05). We identified 80 CNVRs overlapping with known QTL for fertility, coat colour, conformation and temperament. We also report 67 novel CNVRs which contribute to the catalogue of known CNVs in the horse genome.

Conclusions

This work revealed that CNV patterns, in the genome of some European horse breeds, occurred in specific genomic regions and were enriched on ECA1, 7, 9 and 25. The results provide support to the hypothesis that high frequency breed-specific CNVs residing in genes may potentially be responsible for the diverse phenotypes seen between horse breeds.
Falls in patients with Parkinson’s disease from China: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Huang Shuqi , Li Nannan , Tu Shuangyan , Sun Xiaoyi , Yuan Pingqiao , Peng Rong , rong yang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Falling is a common and devastating problem in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. However, the factors associated with fall among Chinese PD population remain unclear.

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and potential factors independently contribute to falls in patients with PD.

Methods

This cross-sectional study recruited one hundred and ninety-seven PD patients from West China Hospital. According to patients or their caregivers’ memory divided them into two different groups: fallers and non-fallers. Demographical information, clinical features and pharmacological conditions of patients were all collected.

Results

Out of 197 patients (mean age 63.2±9.0 years) 55.3% (110/197) patients had at least one fall in the half of year. Factors associated with falls in PD including: sex, age, co-disease condition, clinical symptoms, the severity of disease, doing activities, the function of balance, cognition, and the emotional conditions. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found by binary regression in Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage (OR = 11.500, 95% CI = 2.801-47.214, P = 0.001), the Hamilton Depression (HAMD-24) Rating Scale (OR = 1.296, 95% CI = 1.034-1.296, P = 0.011) and the Falls Efficacy (FES) Scale (OR = 1.028, 95% CI = 1.004-1.053, P = 0.021). However, doing exercise (OR = 0.159, 95% CI = 0.046-0.555, P = 0.004) is a protective factor for PD patients.

Conclusions

Patients with severe disease, bad psychological condition will increase the risk of falling. Monitoring disease progress and pay more attention on non-motor symptoms are needed while patients in the mild stage.
Comparison of the Metabolites and Carotenoids between a Graft Chimera ‘Hongrou Huyou’ (Citrus unshiu + C. changshan-huyou) and Two Donors
Authors: Zhang Min , Jing Luyang , Wu Qun , Ke Fuzhi , Xu Jianguo , Zhao Siqing , Wang Gang , Zhang Chi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Graft chimeras can be synthesized out, which is crucial to cultivar breeding. A new graft chimera named ‘Hongrou Huyou’, simply as OCC (the cell layers constitutions were ‘O’ for L1 and ‘C’ for L2 & L3, determined by ‘Owari’ satsuma mandarin and ‘Changshan Huyou’, respectively) was found at the junction where a scion C top-grafted onto a stock O, in an orchard in Changshan county, Quzhou city of Zhejiang province. This study investigated the primary metabolites, volatiles and carotenoids of OCC, aiming to figure out which substances are derived from layer source donors and which are newly generated by genetic regulation and interaction of two donors.
Results: Based on statistical similarity analysis, the main results indicated that some substances in peels of OCC, such as 4-aminobutanoic acid, and palmitic acid were derived from C, while others in juice sacs, such as 4-aminobutanoic acid and palmitic acid were produced by O. Among those identical compounds observed in three cultivars, the concentrations of 13 and 7 compounds in OCC were significantly higher and lower than those in any of the donors, respectively. Especially, Germacrene D even exceeded 6-17 times than two donors in juice sacs. Interestingly, α-ylangene was herein exclusively observed in OCC and were rarely reported in any other citrus species, this was probably due to the interactions of cell layers from different genotypic donor parents and then lead to addictive effect in chimeras; the presence and absence of some profiles, such as the disappearance of α-carotene in C, can be used for genotype differentiation and citrus breeding assessment.
Conclusion: Our results first systematically provide a chemical characterization of a citrus chimera, and found the genetic regularity of chemical substances and put forward some predictions on donor-controlled and autonomous metabolic patterns in plant chimeras. This work provide a theory guidance for synthetic chimera and diversity of certain chemical-preserved cultivars can try to be obtained in this way.
Key words: Citrus, Periclinal chimera, Metabolites, Volatiles, Carotenoids
Preoperative Risk Factors for Predicting Missed Diagnosis of Renal Vein Tumor Thrombus in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jiang Weixing , Cao Chuanzhen , Shi Hongzhe , Shou Jianzhong , Wang Dong , Wen Li , Li Changling , Ma Jianhui 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Purpose: Previously, we have found some renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with renal vein tumor thrombus (RVTT) were misdiagnosed preoperatively. To improve the accuracy of diagnosis of RVTT in RCC, the clinical characteristics of RCC with missed diagnosis of RVTT were analyzed.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed RCC patients with RVTT between January 2000 and December 2015. Survival analysis was estimated using Kaplan-Meier. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to identify risk factors.
Results: Missed diagnosis rate of RVTT in RCC was 30.5%. In multivariate analysis, maximal tumor diameter (OR=1.218, p=0.034)，tumor located in the middle part (OR=1.354, p=0.003), renal vein contrast agents filling not well (OR=1.252, p=0.015) and tumor with collateral vessels (OR=1.218, p=0.037) were independent predictors of missed diagnosis of RVTT. A missed-diagnosis score presented an AUC of 0.852 (p<0.001). In addition, missed diagnosis group patients had relative favorable prognosis, and tumor with collateral vessels was an independent prognostic indicator of poor OS of RVTT (HR=1.153, p=0.025).
Conclusions: To our knowledge, this was the first study that explored clinical features as predictors of missed diagnosis of RVTT. It should be alert to the possibility of complicating tumor thrombus at once with preoperative presence of renal tumor located in the middle part, renal tumor with collateral vessels, renal vein contrast agents filling not well.
Evaluation of Quality of Life among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nazari Fatemeh , Shaygannejad Vahid , Sichani Mehrdad Mohammadi , Gharaagozlou Marjan Mansourian , Hajhashemi Valiollah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Evaluation of Quality of Life among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study
Background: Urinary complications are prevalent among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and evaluating the usefulness of treatment requires a direct measurement of the health-related quality of life (QOL). Therefore, this study was carried out aiming to determine the QOL of patients with MS and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out using multi-stage random cluster sampling method on 603 patients with MS who referred to the neurology clinic of Kashani and Alzahra treatment centers affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. The diagnosis of MS was approved among these patients based on the 2010 Revised McDonald Diagnostic Criteria by a neuroscientist. Data were collected through interviews using the questionnaire standard International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 (MSQOL-54). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.050.
Results: The prevalence of LUTS among patients with MS was 84.2%, the prevalence rate of mixed, irritative, and obstructive urinary symptoms was 52.2%, 25.5%, and 6.5%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the combined dimensions of physical and mental health of QOL between the two groups with and without LUTS (P < 0.05). Moreover, logistic regression analysis revealed that there was a higher probability of a urinary tract problem among patients with MS and high EDSS score [0.67 (0.485-0.930), P = 0.02].
Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence rate of mixed LUTS among patients with MS and decrease in QOL, screening and attention to these symptoms are necessary in order to prevent secondary outcomes and improve QOL.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, urinary symptoms, quality of life
Cloning, characterization of TaGS3 gene and identification of allelic variation associated with kernel traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Yang Jian , Zhou Yanjie , Zhang Yu'e , Hu Weiguo , Wu Qiuhong , Chen Yongxing , Wang Xicheng , Zhao Hong , Liu Zhiyong , Cao Tingjie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Grain weight is an important yield component. Selection of heavy grain wheat showed big grain sink-potentials and strong sink activity, which was becoming an important objective during the breeding program. Rice OsGS3 gene has been identified as a major QTL for both grain weight and grain size. However, allelic variation of GS3 gene has not been characterized in wheat.

Results

Here we isolated 2445bp, 2393bp and 2409bp genomic sequences of TaGS3-4A, TaGS3-7A and TaGS3-7D genes in Changzhi 6406 with high grain weight value by homologous cloning. All TaGS3 gene showed five exon and four intron and encoding putative 170, 169 and 169 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GS3 was a monocot-specific gene and all GS3 protein were split into three classes. The length of the atypical Gγ domain and the cysteine-rich region was conserved within class and nonconserved inter-class. An SNP at the fifth exon (position of 1907) of TaGS3-7A gene would lead to amino acid change (ALA/THR) and showed different frequency in two pools with different grain weight. Further association analysis indicated that TaGS3-7A-A allele was associated with higher grain weight in the natural population.

Conclusions

These results providing some useful variants and a functional marker for further marker assistant breeding.
Exploring undergraduate students achievement emotions during ward round simulation: A mixed method study
Authors: Behrens Claudia , DOLMANS DIANA H. , GORMLEY GERARD J. , Driessen Erik 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Simulation based learning (SBL) has increased in its use to best equip students for clinical practice. Simulations that mirror the complex realities of clinical practice have the potential to induce a range of emotions, without a clear understanding of their impact on learning and the learner. Students’ emotional states have important effects on their learning process that can be either positive or negative, and are often difficult to predict. We aimed to determine: (1) To what extent achievement emotions are experienced by medical students during a complex simulation based learning activity, i.e. a ward round simulation (WRS). (2) what their performance scores are and too which extent performance scores do correlate with emotions and 3) how these emotions are perceived to impact learning.

Methods

A mixed methods approach was used in this study. Using an Achievement Emotion Questionnaire, we explored undergraduate medical student’s emotions as they participated in a complex ward round-based simulation. Their performance was rated using an observational ward round assessment tool and correlated with emotions scores. Six focus groups were conducted to provide a deeper understanding of their emotional and learning experiences.

Results

Students experienced a range of emotions during the simulation, they felt proud, enjoyed the simulation and performed well. Students felt proud because they could show in the complex simulation what they had learned so far. Students reported moderate levels of anxiety and low levels of frustration and shame. We found non-significant correlations between achievement emotions and performance during ward round simulation.

Conclusions

Placing undergraduate students in high complex simulations that they can handle raises positive academic achievement emotions which seem to support students’ learning and motivation.
Novel mutations of POLR3A Gene caused hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 7 (HLD7) in a Chinese family: a Case Report
Authors: Wu Shuiyan , Bai Zhenjiang , Dong Xingqiang , Yang Daoping , Chen Hongmei , Hua Jun , Zhou Libing , Lv Haitao 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 7 (HLD7) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by childhood onset of progressive motor decline that manifests as spasticity, ataxia, tremor, and cerebellar symptoms, as well as mild cognitive regression and hypodontia. HLD7 belongs to the family of RNA polymerase III-related leukodystrophy, which are caused by biallelic mutations in the POLR3A or POLR3B gene.

Case presentation

In this study, we report a female child with HLD7 manifesting as cognitive decline, moderate dysarthria, intellectual disability, cerebellar syndrome, short stature, dysphagia, hypodontia, and aberrant brain imaging. Interestingly, polytrichia and bronchodysplasia were first observed in the HLD7 patient. Medical exome sequencing with high coverage depth was employed to identify potential genetic variants in the patient. Novel compound heterozygous mutations of the POLR3A gene, c.1771-6C>G and c.2611del (p.M871Cfs*8), were detected. One of them is an uncommon splice site mutation, and this is the first report of this mutation in a Chinese family. The father was determined to be a heterozygous carrier of the c.2611del (p.M871Cfs*8) mutation and the mother a heterozygous carrier of the c.1771-6C>G mutation.

Conclusion

The patient’s newly emerged clinical features and mutations provide useful information for further exploration of genotype-phenotype correlations of HLD7.
Factors predicting successful endoscopic balloon dilatation of esophageal strictures in children - a retrospective study
Authors: Dai Dongling , Liu Sixi , Yang Qinghua , Zhang Chenxi , Zou Yigui , Zhou Shaoming , Zheng Bingsheng , Wen Feiqiu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background & Aims: Endoscopic balloon dilatation has become the first line treatment for benign esophageal strictures; It is important to know the factors predicting successful outcome to assist in selecting optimal protocol to obtain the best outcome and avoid as many complication as possible. This study aimed to assess the factors predicting outcome of endoscopic balloon dilatation treatment for esophageal stricture in children.
Methods: All the patients with benign esophageal stricture treated by endoscopic balloon dilatation from January 2010 to December 2014 were included. All procedures were performed under tracheal intubation and intravenous anesthesia using the 3rd grade controlled radial expansion balloon with the gastroscope. Outcomes were recorded and predictors for outcomes were analyzed.
Results: A total of 170 dilations were completed in 64 patients. The success rate was 96.9%. The rates of response, complication, and recurrence were 96.77%, 8.06%, and 3.33%, respectively. The number of dilatation sessions and complications were significant higher in patients with smaller diameter strictures (P = 0.013, 0.023), and in patients with multiple structures (P = 0.014, 0.004); more complication and recurrences were seen in patients with longer strictures (P = 0.001, 0.012). The longer the interval between surgery and first dilatation the more sessions and the poorer the response in the patients with anastomotic esophageal strictures (p = 0.017, 0.024).
Conclusions: The diameter, length and number of stricture were the most important risk factors for poor outcomes of endoscopic balloon dilatation treatment of esophageal stricture.
Gender Differences in Treatments and Interventions Received for Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Josenby Annika Lundkvist , Czuba Tomasz , Schmidt Ann I Alriksson 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background In the Swedish population-based follow-up program and national quality registry for individuals with cerebral palsy (CPUP), physiotherapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) treatments are regularly recorded along with functional status. By Swedish law, all citizens irrespective of personal characteristics or socioeconomic status have the right to receive medical treatments as applicable. Previous studies have shown gender differences in terms of certain treatments and interventions received among children with CP. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in PT and OT treatments and interventions by gender and place of birth in children and adolescents participating in CPUP.

Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Data from the latest PT form (n = 2695) and OT form (n = 3480) measures were extracted for individuals aged 0-17 years in CPUP. Logistic regressions were used to assess the relationships between the outcome variables and gender and place of birth (including an interaction term gender x place of birth), adjusted for age, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels and spasticity scores for PT interventions, and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for OT interventions.

Results are presented as odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] and p-values. Girls were more likely to have spinal braces than boys; 1.544 [1.073, 2.223] p<0.05, a significant interaction with place of birth indicated less spinal braces prescribed to children born outside Scandinavia; 0.204 [0.0792, 0.525] p<0.001. Boys were more likely to have undergone selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR); 0.485 [0.251, 0.939] p<0.05. Individuals born outside Scandinavia, were less likely to have received intrathecal baclofen (ITB) 0.269 [0.0737, 0.980] p<0.05.

Conclusions Of the treatments prescribed, gender differences were observed for spinal braces and having undergone SDR. A statistically significant difference based on place of birth was seen for spinal brace and having received ITB treatment. Other PT and OT treatments were associated with age, levels of spasticity, and functional severity classified with the Gross Motor Function Classification System and the Manual Ability Classification System. Increased awareness of differences based on gender and where a child is born, could be obtained by inter- and intraprofessional discussions.