bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for implementing placental transfusion at birth: A systematic review
Authors: Anton Oana , Jordan Harriet , Rabe Heike 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced placental transfusion reduces adverse neonatal outcomes, including death. Despite being endorsed by the World Health Organization in 2012, the method has not been adopted widely in practice.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search and included quality improvement projects on placental transfusion at birth and studies on barriers to implementation. We extracted information on population, methods of implementation, obstacles to implementation, and strategies to overcome them.ResultsWe screened 99 studies out of which 18 were included in the review. The preferred methods of implementation were protocol development (86% of studies) reinforced by targeted education (64% of studies) and multidisciplinary team involvement (43% of studies). Barriers to implementation were mentioned in 12 studies and divided into four categories: general factors such as lack of staff awareness (5 studies) and professional resistance to change (5 studies); obstetrician‐specific concerns, including the impact during cesarean (3 studies) and the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (3 studies); pediatrician‐specific concerns, including the need for resuscitation (5 studies), risk of jaundice (3 studies), and polycythemia (2 studies); and logistical difficulties. The main strategies to facilitate placental transfusion at birth included effective multidisciplinary team collaboration, protocol development, targeted education, and constructive feedback sessions.ConclusionsPlacental transfusion implementation requires a multidisciplinary approach, with obstetricians, midwives, nurses, and pediatricians central to adoption of the practice. Understanding the obstacles to implementation informs strategies to increase placental transfusion adoption of practice worldwide. We suggest a stepwise approach to implementation and enhancement of placental transfusion into practice.
Single tooth implants in the esthetic zone following a two‐stage all flapless approach: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Hingsammer Lukas , Pommer Bernhard , Fürhauser Rudolf , Mailath‐Pokorny Georg , Haas Robert , Busenlechner Dieter 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundDue to chronic inflammation or trauma facial bone is frequently missing after tooth loss in the esthetic zone. As a consequence, procedures to augment or at least to preserve bone are frequently necessary prior to implant placement.PurposeThe aim of this retrospective case series is to demonstrate the applicability of a staged all‐flapless concept to establish satisfactory implant restorations following situations of partial missing facial bone in the esthetic zone.Materials and MethodsRadiological/clinical data of 25 patients were analyzed and an esthetic evaluation of 24 patients was performed. The staged concept included ridge preservation at time of tooth extraction and delayed guided implant placement. Marginal bone loss was measured radiologically and esthetic evaluation was performed based on standardized photographs using the Pink Esthetic Score as well as the Papilla Index.ResultsImplant success rate revealed 100%. The mean radiological peri‐implant marginal bone loss measured 1.16 mm (SD: 0.16). Regarding the esthetic outcome 71% of patients were evaluated with a Pink Esthetic Score higher or equal to 10 constituting satisfactory esthetics (median pink esthetic score: 10). The mean follow‐up time for clinical and radiographic analysis was 1.3 years (SD: 0.6 years) and 1.2 years (SD: 0.6) for esthetic evaluation.ConclusionAlthough marginal bone loss cannot be avoided, the staged concept of flapless ridge preservation and subsequent delayed flapless guided implant placement carries the potential to improve esthetics of single‐tooth implants in the anterior maxilla.
Skin exposure to epoxy chemicals in construction coating, assessed by observation, interviews, and measurements
Authors: Suuronen Katri , Bäck Beatrice , Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Pesonen Maria , Jungewelter Soile , Henriks‐Eckerman Maj‐Len , Mäkelä Erja 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundEpoxy resin systems (ERSs) are among the leading causes of occupational allergic contact dermatitis.ObjectivesTo identify riskful exposures and sources of skin exposure, and to quantify skin exposure to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy monomer, in construction coating work.MethodsSkin exposure to epoxy chemicals was studied in 5 coating companies through (a) interviews and visual observation, (b) quantifying DGEBA on 12 workers’ skin by tape‐stripping, (c) measuring DGEBA on 23 surfaces by wipe‐sampling, and (d) quantifying DGEBA in new sewage pipe. Acetone extracts of the tapes, wipes and sawdust from a newly hardened sewage pipe were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.ResultsIdentified riskful exposures were, for example, mixing ERSs, handling coating pots, and working above shoulder level. Epoxy stains on, for example, tools, equipment and clothing were seen in all workplaces. Protective gloves were of varying quality, and were not always suitable for chemicals. The amount of DGEBA on the workers’ skin varied considerably. All screened tool handles were contaminated. Two‐day‐old epoxy sewage pipe contained 3.2% DGEBA.ConclusionsConstruction coating entails skin contact with ERSs directly and via contaminated surfaces, personal protective equipment, and recently hardened epoxy materials. Observation is a useful method for assessing skin exposure in coating work.
Effects of acute insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia on endothelial microparticles in adults with and without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Al‐Qaissi Ahmed , Papageorgiou Maria , Deshmukh Harshal , Madden Leigh A. , Rigby Alan , Kilpatrick Eric S. , Atkin Stephen L. , Sathyapalan Thozhukat 
Published: September 2018

AimsTo assess whether endothelial microparticles (EMPs), novel surrogate markers of endothelial injury and dysfunction, are differentially produced in response to acute insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia in adults with and without type 2 diabetes.Materials and methodsA prospective, parallel study was conducted in individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 23) and controls (n = 22). Hypoglycaemia (<2.2 mmoL/L: <40 mg/dL) was achieved by intravenous infusion of soluble insulin. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 0, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes and 24 hours after hypoglycaemia and analysed for CD31+ (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule‐1), CD54+ (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), CD62‐E+ (E‐selectin), CD105+ (endoglin), CD106+ (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) and CD142+ (tissue factor) EMPs by flow cytometry. The peak elevations (% rise from 0 minutes after hypoglycaemia) in EMP within 240 minutes after insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia were modelled using a regression model, with adjustment for relevant covariates. All EMPs were expressed as percentage from 0 minutes hypoglycaemia for each time point and total areas under the curve (AUC0min–24h) were calculated.ResultsFollowing insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia, levels of circulating EMPs were maximal at 240 minutes (P < 0.001) and returned to baseline values within 24 hours for both groups. The peak elevations (% rise from 0 minutes following hypoglycaemia) seen in CD31+, CD54+, CD62‐E+, CD105+ and CD142+ EMPs within 240 minutes were associated with diabetes status after adjustments for all relevant covariates. Individuals with type 2 diabetes showed increased CD31+ EMPs AUC0min–24h (P = 0.014) and CD105+ EMPs AUC0min–24h (P = 0.006) compared with controls, but there were no differences for CD54+ (P = 0.91), CD62‐E+ (P = 0.14), CD106+ (P = 0.36) or CD142+ (P = 0.77) EMPs AUC0min–24h.ConclusionsThe associations between peak elevations within 240 minutes after insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia for CD31+, CD54+, CD62‐E+, CD105+ and CD142+ and diabetes status indicate that the assessment of a panel of EMPs within this timeframe would identify a hypoglycaemic event in this population. The greater overall responses over time (AUCs) for apoptosis‐induced CD31+ and CD105+ EMPs suggest that hypoglycaemia exerts greater endothelial stress in type 2 diabetes.
Military casualties and exchange rates during the First World War: did the Eastern Front matter?
Authors: Duarte Pablo , Freidinger Marcel , Hoffmann Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough the First World War was ultimately decided in the west, historians have emphasized the importance of the often ‘forgotten’ Eastern Front in understanding its complex evolution. This article examines the perception of contemporary foreign exchange traders concerning the relative importance of the Eastern Front over time. Using a newly compiled dataset on prisoners of war and on soldiers killed and wounded, we show that traders were concerned with casualties on both fronts, recognizing the significance of the two‐front war in the early war years. From the autumn of 1916 onwards, traders seemed to believe the key to winning the war lay in the west only.
Diversity and trophic structure of insects associated with grains of three maize landraces in San Agustín Loxicha, Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Callejas‐Chavero Alicia , Cornejo‐Romero Amelia , Serrato‐Díaz Alejandra , Rendón‐Aguilar Beatriz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDiversity and trophic structure of grain insect communities were examined in Olotillo, Nal‐Tel and Comiteco maize landraces cultivated within a milpa agroecosystem by Zapotec ethnic groups in Mexico. Higher insect diversity was expected in Olotillo, whose cultivation comprises a wide variety of agroecosystems, and low insect abundance in Nal‐Tel with small grains and thick testa. Forty Olotillo cobs were collected at low, medium and high elevations, and 40 each of Nal‐Tel at low elevation and Comiteco at high elevation. Cobs were monitored for 30 days under controlled laboratory conditions until all insects emerged. Thickness of testa of 400 grains from each landrace was measured. Community composition and trophic structure were described and standard diversity indices were estimated. A total of 9,708 insects, corresponding to five orders, 24 families and 36 species, were recorded, with six species not previously reported in this region. Insect guilds were composed of 70% phytophages, 22% parasitoids and 8% predators. Species richness was S = 27, 16 and 8 in Olotillo, Comiteco and Nal‐Tel, respectively. Nal‐Tel and Olotillo had the highest diversity index values (H′ = 1.32 and 1.2, respectively) and no significant differences; Comiteco had the lowest value (H′ = 0.65) and differed significantly from the other landraces. Comiteco and Olotillo, which have large grains and thin testa, showed higher insect abundance than Nal‐Tel, which has small grains and thick testa and showed lower abundance. Results support our hypotheses and highlight the role of traditional crop management in insect agrobiodiversity maintenance and conservation.
Is Guam a regional source, destination, or stepping‐stone for larvae of three fisheries species?
Authors: Kendall Matthew S. , Poti Matthew , Winship Arliss 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe pelagic larval duration (PLD) period of fish can influence dispersal, recruitment, and population connectivity, thereby potentially informing best strategies for fisheries management. Computer models were used to simulate the dispersal of larvae of three species, representing a range of PLDs, from the Pacific island of Guam and neighboring islands for a 9‐year period (2004–2012) to gain insight into the best management strategies for these species. The species included two springtime spawners with shorter and longer PLDs, scribbled rabbitfish (Siganus spinus; 33 days) and yellowfin goatfish (Mulloidichthys flavolineatus; ~90 days maximum), and a fall spawner with a similarly long PLD, bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis; ~94 days maximum). An ocean circulation model coupled with a particle dispersal model provided simulated numbers of larvae settling at each island in relation to the island where they were spawned. Graph analysis was used to examine generational connections between islands. For S. spinus, self‐seeding was the dominant means of replenishment at Guam. Local management actions to maintain adequate spawning stock may be a primary control on long‐term sustainability for that fishery. In contrast, N. unicornis and M. flavolineatus populations at Guam were reliant on outside sources for 92%–98% of larval supply. For them, identifying and negotiating the preservation of upstream spawning potential in the Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia will be needed. Guam played a relatively minor role in generational connectivity across the region. Shortest paths spanning the region often did not pass through Guam, or there were equally short paths through other islands.
Atrial fibrillation and medication treatment among centenarians: Are all very old patients treated the same?
Authors: Kreutz Reinhold , Schmidt Insa M , Dräger Dagmar , Brüggen Franca , Hörter Stefan , Zwillich Christine , Kuhlmey Adelheid , Gellert Paul 
Published: September 2018

AimEvidence on antithrombotic therapy use in centenarians diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) is sparse. Our objective was to investigate a possible underprescribing in centenarians relative to younger cohorts of the oldest‐old. We assumed lower AF rates; and, within AF patients, lower use of anticoagulants in those who died as centenarians (aged ≥100 years) than in those who died aged in their 80s (≥80 years) or 90s (≥90 years).MethodsThe present study was a quarterly structured cohort study over the 6 years before death using administrative data from German institutionalized and non‐institutionalized insured patients (whole sample n = 1398 and subsample of AF patients n = 401 subclassified according to age‐of‐death groups [≥80, ≥90, ≥100 years]). AF, medication, stroke risk (Congestive heart failure; Hypertension; 2 × Age ≥75 years; Diabetes mellitus; 2 × Stroke; Vascular disease; Age 65–74 years; Sex [female] (CHA2DS2‐VASc)) and risk of major bleeding (Hypertension; Abnormal renal and liver function; Stroke; Bleeding; Labile International Normalized Ratio [omitted in the present analysis]; Elderly; Drugs or alcohol (HAS‐BLED)) were calculated. Generalized estimation equations were used to model the trajectories.ResultsHalf a year before death (T1), AF rates were higher in patients aged ≥80 years (31.8%) and ≥90 years (30.6%) compared with patients aged ≥100 years (22.4%), whereas there were no significant differences between age groups 6 years before death (T0). Of all AF patients with AF at T1, 26.7% received anticoagulants; 11.2% vitamin K antagonists; 15.7% non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; and 17.5% platelet inhibitors; yet 58.1% received none of these drugs. Centenarians received significantly fewer anticoagulants compared with the other age groups. Prescriptions of anticoagulants were not associated with CHA2DS2‐VASc with and without adjustment for HAS‐BLED.ConclusionsThe present findings highlight the need for more appropriate use of anticoagulation therapy in older patients, as well as for new treatment guidelines taking the heterogeneity of very old patients into account. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1634–1640.
Prevalence of diabetes among homeless men in Nagoya, Japan: A survey study
Authors: Yamamoto Mayumi , Watanabe Takahiro , Uehara Ryosuke , Horita Ryo , Sado Tadahiro , Nishio Akihiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe diabetes status of homeless people has not been elucidated because of the limited access to this population. We carried out a survey of the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes among homeless men in Nagoya, Japan, and assessed the associations between diabetes prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics.Materials and MethodsInterviews relating to individuals’ sociodemographic background, mental illness and cognitive ability, and blood sampling were carried out for 106 homeless men (mean age 54.2 ± 12.7 years). Diabetes, prediabetes and normoglycemia were diagnosed according to the individual's hemoglobin A1c level: ≥6.5%, 6.4–6.0% and ≤5.9%, respectively. Mental illness and cognitive disability were diagnosed using the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐III, respectively. Associations between the prevalence of diabetes/prediabetes and mental illness/cognitive disability or sociodemographic background were analyzed using the χ2‐test.ResultsSeven (6.6%) and 12 (11.3%) participants were diagnosed as having diabetes and prediabetes, respectively, which was a similar trend to that of general populations in Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey data. There was a significant difference in the prediabetes prevalence between groups with and without a history of having social support; however, no significant associations were found between the diabetes/prediabetes prevalence and mental illness/cognitive ability or participants’ sociodemographic background.ConclusionsThe incidence of diabetes in Japanese homeless men was similar to that in the general population, and the prediabetes incidence was lower in the group with social support than in that without. Early intervention for preventing diabetes and social support that focuses on diabetes management is important for homeless people.
Cost analysis of a brief intervention for the prevention of falls after discharge from an emergency department
Authors: Harper Kristie J. , Arendts Glenn , Geelhoed Elizabeth A. , Barton Annette D. , Celenza Antonio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThere is considerable uncertainty around the cost‐effectiveness of interventions for preventing secondary falls in older people presenting to emergency departments (ED). The objective was to complete an economic evaluation of a brief educational ED intervention aimed at preventing falls in older people post discharge.MethodsA net cost analysis was completed from the health system perspective, using data from a controlled clinical trial, where an education intervention was compared to standard care. Patients aged 65 and older presenting to the ED with any diagnosis were enrolled. The costs, using Australian dollars (A$) at 2015 values, included resources required for the intervention and any health care cost incurred in the 6‐month follow‐up period (time horizon). Cost data were sourced through institutional billing records and liaison with the patient and their general practitioner. Mean costs and differences were analysed through nonparametric bootstrapping.ResultsThe total costs in the control group (n = 201) were A$1 576 496 compared to A$1 292 130 in the intervention group (n = 211). The mean net cost per patient was A$7749 and A$6187 (P = 0.68) respectively resulting in a mean difference of A$1580 per patient in the intervention group (95% CI: A$−2806 to A$6150). Patients who presented to the ED with a fall diagnosis were reviewed through subgroup analysis. Total costs for patients who presented with a fall in the control group (n = 69) were A$708 995 compared to A$512 874 in the intervention group (n = 97). The mean net cost per patient was A$10 326 and A$5343 respectively (P = 0.33) with an overall saving of A$4624 per patient in the intervention group (95% CI: A$−2868 to A$15 426).ConclusionsA brief intervention had no net cost benefit across the whole study population, but is more cost effective in older people presenting to the ED with a fall.
Effects of the organizational culture type, job satisfaction, and job stress on nurses’ happiness: A cross‐sectional study of the long‐term care hospitals of South Korea
Authors: Hwang Eunhee 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimIt was aimed to explore the effects of the long‐term‐care (LTC) hospital–nurse organizational culture type, job satisfaction, and job stress on nurses’ happiness.MethodsIncluded were 226 participants who were randomly selected among the nurses who were working in 17 LTC hospitals with ≥100 beds, located in five cities in South Korea. A multiple regression analysis was carried out in order to examine the factors affecting the happiness of the nurses.ResultsThe happiness of the LTC hospital nurses was not high. Regarding the factors affecting their happiness, a higher feeling of happiness was evident when the estimation of their subjective health status was healthier, when they were in an organization with hierarchy‐oriented culture properties, when they expressed a higher job satisfaction regarding autonomy, and when the number of task requests was lower. Among these factors, autonomy‐based job satisfaction exerts the greatest effect.ConclusionBased on these results, the development of personal health improvement programs for nurses’ happiness should be required. In addition, hospitals need to be stably operated and managed to ensure organizational safety and the nurse managers should encourage the nurses to carry out their tasks with autonomy.
Smoking habit modulates peri‐implant microbiome: A case‐control study
Authors: Pimentel Suzana P. , Fontes Melline , Ribeiro Fernanda V. , Corrêa Mônica G. , Nishii Denise , Cirano Fabiano R. , Casati Marcio Z. , Casarin Renato C. V. 
Published: September 2018

Background and ObjectiveSmoking is a recognized risk factor for peri‐implant disease and leads to microbiological changes in mucositis and peri‐implantitis. However, there is no knowledge about the impact of smoking in healthy peri‐implant tissue. The aim of the study was to evaluate the microbiome in a peri‐implant environment in smokers with healthy peri‐implant conditions.MethodsPeri‐implant biofilm was collected around single clinically healthy, screwed‐retained, teeth‐surrounded implants in 12 non‐smoker (NSMK) and 12 smoker (SMK) non‐periodontitis subjects (no bleeding and probing depth <4 mm). Bacterial DNA was isolated and 16S ribosomal RNA gene libraries were sequenced using pyrosequencing, targeting the V3‐V4 region. Datasets were processed using the Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology, Greengenes and the Human Oral Microbiome Database databases.ResultsAn evident difference in the SMK peri‐implant microbiome was observed compared to the NSMK microbiome, with a large abundance of species, even with a healthy peri‐implant. The SMK core‐microbiome showed an abundance of Fusobacterium, Tannerella and Mogibacterium, while the NSMK core revealed an abundance of Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga and Streptococcus, genera that are usually related to periodontal health. The microbiome inter‐relationship was shown to be more inter‐generic in SMK then in NSMK, indicating different microbiome cohesion.ConclusionSmoking negatively affected the peri‐implant microbiome, leading to a disease‐associated state, even in clinically healthy individuals.