bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor dietary intake of nutrients and food groups are associated with increased risk of periodontal disease among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic literature review
Authors: O’Connor Jessie-Leigh P , Milledge Kate L , O’Leary Fiona , Cumming Robert , Eberhard Joerg , Hirani Vasant 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Context
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory gum condition that is more prevalent in older populations. The development of periodontal disease has been directly linked to inflammatory dietary habits.

Objective
This systematic review aimed to 1) describe the relationship and 2) describe the direction of the relationship between dietary intake (nutrients and food groups) and periodontal disease in community-dwelling, older adults. PRISMA guidelines were followed for this review.

Data Sources
A systematic search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, Science Direct, Informit, and Cochrane Library was conducted from the earliest possible date until September 2018. Search terms were related to main themes: “periodontal disease,” “gingivitis,” “gum diseases,” “dietary intake” and “older adults.” The search produced 779 records, and after additional publications were obtained and duplicates were removed, 666 publications underwent title and abstract screening. Included papers were written in English and were based on populations of healthy, older adults living in community-based settings. Nine papers met inclusion criteria and were included in this review.

Data Extraction
Sample size, participant characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, periodontal measures, dietary measures, confounders, and results were sorted by study type, author, year, and country.

Data Analysis
Quality of the extracted data was analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.

Conclusions
Inverse associations were found between fatty acids, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, fiber, calcium, dairy, fruits, and vegetables and risk of periodontal disease. Overall, this review found a relationship between poor dietary intake and increased risk of periodontal disease; however, this needs to be further explored.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42017065022.
NATURAL RADIUM ISOTOPES PRESENT IN SOME COSMETIC PRODUCTS: DETERMINATION OF ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION AND DOSE ESTIMATION
Authors: Milena-Pérez A , Martínez-Martínez B R , Álvarez E , Expósito-Suárez V M , Piñero-García F , Ferro-García M A 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Since the early days, clays, plant extracts and raw materials have been used for therapeutic and beauty purposes. Nowadays, this use is widely spread, as a huge amount of companies have developed new cosmetics based on natural sources. This may lead to an accumulation of radionuclides that can be hazardous for people. Especially dangerous are radium isotopes (226,228Ra), which can be part of the raw materials that cosmetics are made from. In this paper, the concentration of radium isotopes of 18 natural cosmetics was determined. Concentrations resulted in the range 7.9 ± 5.0–37.6 ± 12.5 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra; and 2.5 ± 1.7–35.4 ± 2.6 Bq kg−1 for 228Ra. The effective dose in the skin has been estimated, obtaining a mean value of 13.1 ± 4.9 μSv y−1. This value is far from the reference level of 50 mSv y−1 for the public members. Therefore, no radiological risk derived from the use of these samples, has been found.
Association of the phenylpropanoid pathway with dormancy and adaptive trait variation in apricot (Prunus armeniaca)
Authors: Conrad Anna O , Yu Jiali , Staton Margaret E , Audergon Jean-Marc , Roch Guillaume , Decroocq Veronique , Knagge Kevin , Chen Huadong , Zhebentyayeva Tetyana , Liu Zongrang , Dardick Christopher , Nelson C Dana , Abbott Albert G 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTrees use many mechanisms to adapt and respond to stressful conditions. The phenylpropanoid pathway in particular is known to be associated with a diverse suite of plant stress responses. In this study, we explored the relationship between the phenylpropanoid pathway metabolite production, gene expression and adaptive trait variation associated with floral bud reactivation during and following dormancy in Prunus armeniaca L. (apricot). Concentrations of eight phenylpropanoid metabolites were measured during chill accumulation and at developmental stages corresponding to the emergence of sepals and petals in floral buds of varieties that differ phenotypically in bloom date (BD). A significant interaction effect of chill hours and BD phenotype on the concentration of each of the compounds was observed (mixed analysis of variance, P &lt; 0.05), with the concentration of most phenylpropanoid metabolites dropping precipitously when sepals and petals emerged. While phenylpropanoid biosynthetic gene expression patterns were more variable in general, expression changed over time and was impacted, although to a lesser degree, by BD phenotype. Furthermore, separation of BD phenotypic groups was most pronounced when early and late BD varieties were at different developmental stages, i.e., 800 chill hours. Taken together, these results suggest that the phenylpropanoid pathway is associated with floral bud reactivation in apricot. Furthermore, we show that the phenylpropanoid pathway is also impacted by phenological trait variation associated with dormancy. A better understanding of how apricot and other perennial tree species respond and adapt to environmental perturbations will be critical for improvement programs aimed at identifying and breeding trees more suitable for rapidly changing environments.
Preparation of Artesunate mPEG-PLGA Nanoparticles and Its Application to K562 Apoptosis of cells
Authors: Reddy Sushil , Gupta David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe preparation process of artesunate-loaded polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether-polylactic acid-glycolic acid affinity block copolymer (mPEG-PLGA) nanoparticles and its growth inhibition on human leukemia K562 cells were investigated. METHODS: Artesunate mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles (Art-Nps) were prepared by modified self-emulsification method. The morphology of nanoparticles was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The particle size distribution and zeta potential were measured by laser scattering particle size analyzer. The drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release of Art-Nps were determined by chromatography. The proliferation and apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells were observed by MTT assay and Hoechst staining. RESULTS: Art-Nps is a spherical solid particle with smooth surface, average particle size (156.70+/-1.01) nm, zeta potential of -(26.23+/-1.86) mV, average drug loading (14.51+/-0.20)%, average package. The sealing rate was (86.51+/-0.50)%, and the in vitro release law accorded with the Higuchi equation: Q=4.11t 1/2+27.05, R2=0.98. MTT assay showed that Art-Nps inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells in a time-dose-dependent manner, and the inhibition rate exceeded the artesunate-treated group after 72h, and sustained release. The number of cells was observed after cultured with different concentrations of Art-Nps for 48h. Significantly reduced, cell size is different, irregular shape, high magnification can be seen in the nucleus pyknosis, agglutination, and apoptotic bodies, and increased apoptotic bodies with increasing concentration.
Behavioral and neuronal underpinnings of safety in numbers in fruit flies
Authors: Ferreira Clara H , Moita Marta A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLiving in a group allows individuals to decrease their defenses enabling other beneficial behaviors such as foraging. The detection of a threat through social cues is widely reported, however the safety cues that guide animals to break away from a defensive behavior and resume alternate activities remain elusive. Here we show that fruit flies displayed a graded decrease in freezing behavior, triggered by an inescapable threat, with increasing group sizes. Furthermore, flies used the cessation of movement of other flies as a cue of threat and its resumption as a cue of safety. Finally, we found that lobula columnar neurons, LC11, mediate the propensity for freezing flies to resume moving in response to the movement of others. By identifying visual motion cues, and the neurons involved in their processing, as the basis of a social safety cue this study brings new insights into the neuronal basis of safety in numbers.
Inhibition of GMP synthesis extends yeast replicative lifespan
Authors: Sarnoski E. A. , Liu P. , Urbonaite G. , Olmez T. T. , Young T. Z. , Song R. , Acar M. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTAging, the time-dependent accumulation of molecular damage, is the primary limiting factor of human lifespan. Slowing down damage accumulation or its prevention therefore represents a promising therapeutic paradigm to combat aging-related disease and death. While several chemical compounds extend lifespan in model organisms, their mechanism of action is often unknown, reducing their therapeutic potential. Using a systematic approach, here we show that inhibition of GMP synthesis is a novel lifespan extension mechanism in yeast. We further discover that proteasome activation extends lifespan in part through GMP insufficiency. GMP synthesis inhibition exerts its lifespan extension effect independently of the canonical nutrient-sensing and sirtuin pathways regulating lifespan. Exposing longitudinally aging yeast cells to GMP synthesis inhibition in an age-dependent manner, we demonstrate that the lifespan extension by GMP insufficiency is facilitated by slowing, rather than reversing, the aging process in cells. While GMP and its downstream metabolites are involved in many cellular processes in cells, our results rule out the combined effect of global transcription and translation on cellular lifespan. These findings elucidate the involvement of nucleotide metabolism in the aging process. The existence of clinically-approved GMP synthesis inhibitors elicits the potential of a new class of therapeutics for aging-related disorders.
Comparison of long-term outcomes between enteral nutrition via gastrostomy and total parenteral nutrition in the elderly with dysphagia: A propensity-matched cohort study
Authors: Masaki Shigenori , Kawamoto Takashi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe long-term outcomes of artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) in the elderly with dysphagia remain uncertain. Enteral nutrition via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are major methods of ANH. Although both can be a life-prolonging treatments, Japan has recently come to view PEG as representative of unnecessary life-prolonging treatment. Consequently, TPN is often chosen for ANH instead. This study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes between PEG and TPN in the elderly.MethodsThis single-center retrospective cohort study identified 253 elderly patients with dysphagia who received enteral nutrition via PEG (n=180) or TPN (n=73) between January 2014 and January 2017. The primary outcome was survival time. Secondary outcomes were oral intake recovery, discharge to home, and the incidence of severe pneumonia and sepsis. We performed one-to-one propensity score matching using a 0.05 caliper. The Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the survival time between groups.ResultsOlder patients with lower nutritional states, and severe dementia were more likely to receive TPN. Propensity score matching created 55 pairs. Survival time was significantly longer in the PEG group (median, 317 vs 195 days; P=0.017). The hazard ratio for PEG relative to TPN was 0.60 (95% confidence interval: 0.39–0.92; P=0.019). There were no significant differences between the groups in oral intake recovery and discharge to home. The incidence of severe pneumonia was significantly higher in the PEG group (50.9% vs 25.5%, P=0.010), whereas sepsis was significantly higher in the TPN group (10.9% vs 30.9%, P=0.018).ConclusionsPEG was associated with a significantly longer survival time, a higher incidence of severe pneumonia, and a lower incidence of sepsis compared with TPN. These results can be used in the decision-making process before initiating ANH.
Preventing overeducation and graduate surplus
Authors: Habibi Nader 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Most Middle Eastern countries suffer from high rates of unemployment and underemployment among university graduates. This condition is known as overeducation and it is observed in many countries around the world. Two countries, Singapore and Hong Kong, have been able to prevent overeducation. The purpose of this paper is to identify political and institutional factors that have allowed these two countries to succeed.

Design/methodology/approach
The author has relied on published government documents, online short articles and academic publications to collect evidence on higher education policies in Hong Kong and Singapore. The author has also received some valuable insight by e-mail communication with scholars and some government institutions in these countries. In addition, the author has generated tables and charts based on official government statistics from both countries to show the trends in higher education and the labor market outcomes for university graduates.

Findings
First, in Singapore and Hong Kong, the labor ministry and the private sector industries are able to influence the higher education enrollment policy based on economic demand for skilled labor. Second, in both countries, the political leadership is committed to preventing graduate surplus and has enough political strength to resist populist pressures for increasing the enrollment into higher education. Third, both countries have been able to direct a large number of high school graduates to vocational and two-year associate degrees.

Originality/value
Overeducation is a very costly and undesirable outcome that leads to a large amount of wasted investment in human capital. It is very valuable for developing countries to learn about policies that have been successfully used by Singapore and Hong Kong to prevent overeducation because the same policies can be used in the affected countries.
Attachment disorder in autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability
Authors: Kildahl Arvid Nikolai , Engebretsen Maria Hagen , Helverschou Sissel Berge 
Published: May 2019

PurposeAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an exclusion criterion for one of the two attachment disorders in the DSM 5. However, previous findings indicate that ASD and attachment disorder are unrelated conditions and may co-occur. The purpose of this paper is to explore the diagnostic assessment of an adolescent male with ASD, intellectual disability (ID), severe challenging behaviour and a suspected attachment disorder.Design/methodology/approachCase study methodology was chosen because of its suitability in the exploration of complex clinical phenomena where prior knowledge is sparse.FindingsIt was possible to identify symptoms of attachment disorder in a case involving ASD, ID, anxiety and severe challenging behaviour. The Disturbances of Attachment Interview was particularly useful in this assessment, as was assessment of ASD symptoms and developmental history. Differentiating the two attachment disorders proved challenging.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a need for further research in ASD and attachment disorders not limited by current diagnostic categories.Practical implicationsCo-occurring symptoms of attachment disorder may be identified in individuals with ASD and ID, and exploration of these symptoms in assessments of children and adolescents with ASD/ID and challenging behaviour may be beneficial.Originality/valueThe study adds to previous findings on attachment disorder in ASD, demonstrating that identification of attachment disorder is possible even in the presence of a highly complex clinical picture involving severe challenging behaviour. It may also assist other clinicians in identifying and making more accurate assessment of attachment disorder in ASD and ID.
Co-creating value with suppliers: a conceptual framework
Authors: Altman Ferreira Paulo Sergio 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis study aims to put forward a conceptual framework to promote strategies for exploring and exploiting value co-creation with suppliers through dynamic capabilities development.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual framework was developed by applying deductive logic to blend the theoretical perspectives of value co-creation and dynamic capabilities concerning interaction and innovation.FindingsThe suggested framework emphasized that to co-create value with suppliers, health-care organizations need to integrate innovation abilities with interactional abilities for assimilating mutual processes and resources. The study also points out the crucial role of middle managers to articulate the diverse value perspectives and act as change catalysts.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a roadmap for health-care managers to develop internal bundles of resources and integrate inter-organizational processes in the direction of co-creating value. The approach suggests the use of project pipelines and performance measures as managerial tools for aligning value co-creating initiatives with suppliers.Originality/valueThe study is a pioneering attempt to develop a conceptual framework for co-creating value with suppliers and, consequently, to provide innovative services to patients. The study aligns with previous value co-creation and dynamic capabilities works in terms of interaction and innovation development. However, based on the interrelation of these two dimensions, the study puts forth four interrelated processes (experimenting new possibilities of value creation; articulating value alignment initiatives; implementing mutual benefits; and executing and managing performance improvement) attached by mutual change mechanisms.
The effect of enabling factors on social innovation in Russian non-profit organisations
Authors: Krasnopolskaya Irina , Meijs Lucas 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis paper explores the factors that are associated with a capacity of non-profits to develop social innovations (SIs). The purpose of this paper is to examine factors in the Russian national context with weak non-profit sector with an ambiguous governmental policy toward the sector.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on survey data (n=850 NPOs, 2015, Russia). The paper analyses the likelihood of a non-profit to introduce SIs due to external framework and organizational factors. Regression analysis was applied in the study. The study is based on a new sampling approach and examines non-profits as producers of SIs, but not cases of SIsper se.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the capacity of an NPO to develop SIs is explained by the following enabling factors: cross-boundary collaborative relations, volunteer involvement and diversity of the revenue structure. Composition of innovative sub-sector, opportunities and chances of getting into this group are explicitly determined and regulated by the current governmental policy toward the sector. That is that large and established non-profits are more likely to be innovative in Russia, unlike expected grass-roots.Originality/valueThe paper applies a theoretical framework to analyze the SI concept in a non-western context with weak civil society and an influential government. From this perspective, the results present empirical quantitative verification of the determinants of SI capacity of NPOs. The paper is among the first to apply a reverse sampling principle and examine SIs via NPOs as producers. The paper produced, for the first time, an empirical description of the nature of innovative activity by NPOs and an estimation of the extent of this activity in Russia.
Radiogenesis of Low Maturity Natural Gas in the Turpan‐Hami Basin, NW China
Authors: WANG Wenqing , LIU Chiyang , ZHANG Dongdong , LIANG Hao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe origin of the Jurassic low maturity natural gas in the Turpan‐Hami Basin has attracted scientists’ attention for some time, and it is known that radiogenesis may have played a role. However, little has been done on the uranium‐rich background of the whole basin. Based on plentiful logging and geological data for the Jurassic strata in the Turpan‐Hami Basin, this research examined the features and factors controlling the distribution of rocks with high gamma reading. The results show that 70%‐100% of the rocks with high gamma readings correspond to mudstones in the prodelta subfacies rather than those in semideep‐deep lacustrine subfacies rich in mudstones. Therefore, we propose that the distribution of rocks with high gamma readings is mainly controlled by sedimentary facies rather than by lithology. Further analysis of the gamma spectrometry logging data shows that high gamma values are more strongly correlated with U content than with Th or K content. By comparing the U and Th contents of felsic rocks in peripheral provenances, we find that the Jueluotage Mountain and Harlik Mountain were the dominant uranium sources for the Jurassic Turpan‐Hami Basin. Radiolysis due to high‐level uranium in the prodelta subfacies can make the low maturity source rocks generate H2and CH4, thus contributing to the production of low maturity natural gas in the Turpan‐Hami Basin.
Idiosyncratic Information, Moral Hazard, and the Cost of Capital
Authors: Gao Pingyang 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effects of idiosyncratic accounting information on a firm's cost of capital. By embedding a moral hazard problem into a multifirm asset‐pricing model, I show that moral hazard distorts the sharing of idiosyncratic risk but does not affect the sharing of systematic risk in the economy. A firm‐level improvement in idiosyncratic information reduces the firm's cost of capital even though it does not affect the implied cost of capital inferred from publicly traded shares. Moreover, an economy‐level improvement in idiosyncratic information reduces the risk premium for idiosyncratic risk but increases the risk premium for systematic risk, resulting in an ambiguous net effect on the firm's cost of capital. These results provide alternative explanations for the mixed empirical evidence on the relation between information quality and the cost of capital.
A checklist to improve the quality of central venous catheter tip positioning
Authors: Hade A. D. , Beckmann L. A. , Basappa B. K. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryCentral venous catheter insertion is a routine procedure performed by anaesthetists in the peri‐operative setting. Upper body central venous catheters are usually placed such that their tip lies within the superior vena cava or at the cavo‐atrial junction. Positioning the tip ‘too low’ in the right atrium has long been argued against on the basis that it increases the risk of perforation, leading to cardiac tamponade. Positioning the tip ‘too high’ in the brachiocephalic vein or above can also be problematic in that proximal migration can result in extravascular placement of the proximal lumen. Such an incident occurred at our hospital in 2016, resulting in extravasation of a vesicant medication causing tissue necrosis. We undertook a quality improvement project involving a standardised bundle of care and a peri‐operative central venous catheter insertion checklist with the aim of reducing the risk of such an incident re‐occurring. We conducted a three‐month pre‐intervention audit (n = 84) in 2016 and a post‐intervention audit (n = 84) in 2017. Compared with the pre‐intervention audit, the post‐intervention audit coincided with a lower rate of central venous catheter tip malpositioning (5.6% vs. 9.2%); and a higher rate of ‘optimal’ central venous catheter tip position in the distal superior vena cava or cavo‐atrial junction (45.1% vs. 29.2%). The central venous catheter insertion checklist also substantially improved documentation of sterility measures, insertion depth and post‐insertional documentation of tip position on chest radiograph.