bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POLÍTICA BRASILEIRA DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A GERAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS E SUA GESTÃO NO MUNICÍPIO DE PALMAS-TO
Authors: Rocha Suyene Monteiro da , Rocha Renata Rodrigues de Castro , Lustosa Kárita Barros 
Published: June 2019

Nas últimas quatro décadas, governantes têm se reunido com o objetivo de encontrar caminhos para a problemática ambiental, que tem se intensificado. Um dos mecanismos vislumbrados tem sido a edição de políticas públicas que surgem no cenário com o objetivo de mitigar os resultados vividos no presente, fruto do desenvolvimento desordenado de centros urbanos, uso indiscriminado de insumos e sólido. Assim, este trabalho tem como objeto a análise da Lei nº 12.305, de 2010, que instituiu a Política Brasileira de Resíduos Sólidos, sob a perspectiva da gestão de resíduos. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho centra-se no estudo de exploração excessiva de recursos ambientais. Ante as inúmeras problemáticas que se apresentam no ambiente urbano, o presente trabalho se volta para reflexões acerca da Política Brasileira de Resíduos, que se apoiam nas técnicas documental e bibliográfica, evidenciando o seu caráter descritivo. A pesquisa aborda, ainda, a temática Resíduos Sólidos na Região Norte, analisando a geração/coleta de resíduos na Região, no período de 2012-2015, dados esses também que foram coletados e analisados no que se refere ao Município de Palmas-TO, para então verificar a constituição do plano de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos da referida municipalidade. O resultado do estudo evidencia um Plano em processo de implantação no que concerne à gestão e manejo dos resíduos sólidos no Município de Palmas-TO.
LA CRISIS DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS: NECESIDAD DE UN CAMBIO DE DISCURSO Y ESTRATEGIAS
Authors: Redondo Elvira Domínguez 
Published: June 2019

El discurso de los derechos humanos está siendo vilipendiado por movimientos populistas cuyas posturas son incorporadas en mayor o menor medida por gobiernos preocupados por mantener su cuota en las urnas. A escala internacional, esta vulnerabilidad de los sistemas de promoción y protección de los derechos humanos se refleja en el éxito de sistemas de monitoreo controlado por actores gubernamentales en lugar de expertos. Esto se hace particularmente visible en la tarea desarrollada por los titulares de los procedimientos públicos especiales y el Examen Periódico Universal, ambos mecanismos dependientes del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas. El artículo invita a la reflexión sobre las causas que han llevado a esta situación. También sugiere que debe existir un cambio de estrategia para conservar la importancia y avances logrados por la agenda de los derechos humanos. Es necesario incorporar técnicas de cooperación con los gobiernos en lugar de una atención exclusiva en mecanismos de movilización de la vergüenza.
Evaluasi Formula Emulgel Lendir Bekicot (Achatina fulica) Dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis penyebab jerawat
Authors: Dewi Citra , Saleh Ahmad , Awaliyah Nur Hatidjah , Hasnawati Hasnawati 
Published: June 2019

Lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) merupakan salah satu bahan alam yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis penyebab jerawat pada konsentrasi 10%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sediaan emulgel lendir bekicot dapat memenuhi syarat evaluasi stabilitas fisik sediaan dan melakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri sediaan emulgel lendir bekicot terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen, sampel lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) diformulasi kedalam bentuk sediaan emulgel dengan tiga variasi konsentrasi yaitu pada Formula A 11%, Formula B 16% dan Formula C 21%. Selanjutnya dilakukan evaluasi fisik sediaan selama empat minggu penyimpanan meliputi uji organoleptik, uji pH, uji homogenitas, uji tipe emulsi dan uji stabilitas dipercepat dengan metode cycling test. Ketiga formula tersebut dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Data pengukuran zona hambat bakteri dianalisis dengan menggunakan One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga jenis formula emulgel lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) stabil selama penyimpanan dengan hasil pengujian organoleptik berwarna putih susu, aroma khas mentol dan berbentuk semi padat (emulgel), homogen dengan emulsi tipe minyak dalam air (m/a) serta memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Zona hambat tertinggi pada Formula C konsentrasi lendir bekicot 21% dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 4,8 mm kategori lemah.
PERSEPSI SIVITAS AKADEMIKA MUSLIM TERHADAP WAKAF UANG
Authors: Huda Nurul , Sentosa Perdana Wahyu , Novarini Novarini 
Published: June 2019

Abstract: The low collection of cash waqf is one of them due to the level of public understanding of cash waqf. This research aims to describe the characteristics of respondents based on the socio-economic demography of the Muslim Academic Community; and analyze of factors of influence people's perceptions of cash waqf in the Muslim Academic Community. The research method used is logistic regression analysis. The sample in this study were 138 respondents who were The Muslim Academic Community in Jabodetabek. The results showed that the respondents' characteristics of the sex of most women, aged between 20 years and less than 25 years, had income of less than Rp 3 million per month, were not married, had family members between 3 and 5 people, less than 2 people worked , have family responsibilities, students in university, have not worked, Private Universities in Central Jakarta, and the majority have never doing cash waqf. The results of the logistic regression analysis indicate that a person's level of faith and one's age can significantly influence perceptions of doing cash waqf. Keywords: Perception, Cash Waqf, Muslim Academic Community, Logistic Regression.
Surgical Approach In Vitreous Hemorrhage
Authors: Metita Mirza , Sovani Iwan , Kartasasmita Arief , Iskandar Erwin , Virgana Rova 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: To report cases of retinal disorders that cause vitreous hemorrhage and the timing of pars plana vitrectomy in Cicendo Eye Hospital
Methods: Retrospective observational study of all patients diagnosed with the vitreous hemorrhage who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy in 2016. Data were collected from medical record.
Result: The mean age of this study is 54.65 years old from 260 vitreous hemorrhage patients. The most common retinal abnormalities are proliferative diabetic retinopathy (49.6%), wet age related macular degeneration (AMD) (13.5%), undetected retinal abnormalities (12.7%), retinal vein occlusion (8.8%), rhegmatogen retinal detachment (6.5%), trauma (3.45%), vasculitis (3.1%), idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (3.1%), and drop IOL (1.2%). PPV performed 1-3 months after initial assessment (31.25%), less than 1 month (13.2%), more than 3 months (14.6%)
Conclusion: The most common etiology of vitreous hemorrhage is proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed 1 – 3 months after an initial assessment of the patients.
Peningkatan Pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI Melalui Kader Parapam di Desa Karanganyar, Karanganyar Kebumen
Authors: Laila Nur , Riyanti Eka 
Published: June 2019

Keberhasilan dalam menyusui dan pemberian MP-ASI dapat didukung oleh pengetahuan ibu yang baik serta peran serta kader kesehatan. Kader kesehatan dapat memberikan informasi serta mendampingi ibu dalam proses menyusui dan pemberian makan. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah pembentukan kader PARAPAM (Para Pendamping ASI dan MP-ASI) untuk meningkatkan pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan MP-ASI pada bayi di Desa Karanganyar, Karanganyar, Kebumen. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah, diskusi, dan demostrasi. Materi yang diberikan meliputi pendidikan kesehatan, ASI Eksklusif dan MP-ASI. Jumlah kader yang dilatih 31 orang, Kader dilatih melakukan pendidikan kesehatan kepada masyarakat dan melakukan pendampingan saat menyusui dan pemberian MP-ASI. Media yang digunakan berupa power point, lembar balik, leaflet serta booklet Pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI. Hasil penilaian kegiatan ini menunjukan bahwa kader PARAPAM mampu memberikan edukasi kepada ibu hamil dan menyusui serta mampu membantu ibu dalam pemberian ASI Ekslusif dan MP-ASI. Hasil observasi penulis pada bulan ketiga menunjukan bahwa Ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 6 bulan dapat memberikan ASI ekslusif dan ibu yang memiliki bayi usia lebih dari 6 bulan dapat menyiapkan MP-ASI dengan baik.
Comparison of Multicolored Spot Reflection Topographer and Scheimpflug-Placido System in Corneal Power and Astigmatism Measurements With Normal and Post-refractive Patients
Authors: Lu Weicong , Miao Yaxin , Li Yue , Hu Xiuli , Hu Qingjie , Huang Jinhai 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the repeatability of corneal power and astigmatism derived by a novel multicolored spot reflection topographer system (Cassini; i-Optics, Hague, Netherlands) and compare its agreement with a Placido-Scheimpflug system (Sirius; Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Florence, Italy) in normal and post-refractive patients.

METHODS:

This prospective study comprised patients who underwent myopic excimer laser refractive surgery (96 eyes) and normal patients (102 eyes). Each patient was measured three times with the Cassini and Sirius. The simulated keratometry (SimK), total corneal power (TCP), and astigmatism were recorded. The repeatability was assessed by one-way analysis of variance. The paired
t
test was used to compare the differences, whereas the agreement was evaluated by Bland–Altman analysis.

RESULTS:

All parameters obtained by the Cassini demonstrated high repeatability, except for total corneal astigmatism (TCA) in the post-refractive group. The intraclass correlation coefficients of all parameters were greater than 0.85, the correlation of variation values was less than 0.55%, and the test–retest repeatability was less than 0.85 diopters (D). The paired
t
test showed significant differences in steep keratometry, astigmatism, TCP, and TCA in the normal group and in J
0
, TCP, and TCA in the post-refractive group. The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) in the normal group demonstrated good agreement, except for TCP. Only J
0
and J
45
of astigmatism and TCA remained narrow for 95% LoA in the post-refractive group.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results suggested that the Cassini provided high repeatable measurements in corneal power and astigmatism, except the TCA of post-refractive patients. The parameters could be used interchangeably in normal patients, except for TCP, whereas only J
0
of astigmatism and J
0
, J
45
of TCA showed good agreement in post-refractive patients.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(6):370–376.]
Long-term Effects After Pediatric LASIK for Anisometropic Amblyopia in Two Patients
Authors: Zhou Siwei , Dhaliwal Deepinder K. 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE:
To report long-term follow-up of two pediatric patients who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopic anisometropic amblyopia.

METHODS:
Case series.

RESULTS:
Two patients who underwent unilateral LASIK in 1999 for anisometropic amblyopia were clinically assessed 16 years after their initial procedure with visual acuity testing, refraction, stereopsis, axial length, corneal topography, slit-lamp examination, and quality of life assessment. Patients had stable corrected distance visual acuity, balanced refraction, improved stereopsis, and good visual quality of life. Corneal topography showed a mildly decentered ablation bed with no evidence of ectasia.

CONCLUSIONS:
LASIK in the pediatric population requires special considerations, including fixation and centration issues, microkeratome selection, and refractive endpoint. The two patients were found to have stable corneal topography, visual acuity, and stereopsis 16 years after initial treatment.

[
J Refract Surg.
2019;35(6):391–396.]
Histological Evaluation of Patients with Chronic Nonbloody Large Bowel Diarrhea and Normal Colonoscopy
Authors: Karri Varun Kumar , Korrapati Sravan Kumar , Girinadh L. R. S. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Chronic diarrhea is defined as the passage of soft or watery stool more than three times per day with or without blood and/or mucous or the passage of stool of more than 200 g per day and lasts for more than 4 weeks. Studies exploring the causes of chronic diarrhea in the developing countries are scarce and might not be generalizable from one setting to another. Aim: The aim of the study is to study the colonic and terminal ileal macroscopic and mucosal histopathological findings in chronic large bowel diarrhea patients. Methods: Eighty-six patients with chronic large bowel diarrhea were included after negative HIV status, stool analysis, and stool culture. A full-length colonoscopy with terminal ileoscopy was done. When the colon was within normal limits, randomly four biopsies each were taken from terminal ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and rectosigmoid region, respectively. Results: In a total of 86 patients, most of the patients (48%) were in the age group of 41–60 years. Females predominated in the present study in the ratio of 3:2. Ileal intubation was possible in all (100%) cases. Histology is normal in 35 patients. Fifty-one patients had histological changes of which 22 were diagnostic for specific disease which altered the treatment. Among 22 patients, 21 (95.4%) had histological changes in ascending colon and only 9 (40.9%) had changes in biopsy from rectosigmoid. In our study, definite diagnostic histology was obtained in 25.5% of cases. Conclusion: The yield of colonoscopy and biopsy in chronic large bowel diarrhea is moderate. Colonoscopy and biopsy have higher diagnostic yield than sigmoidoscopic biopsies.
Unique Pattern of True Foreign-Body Ingestion in the Valley of Kashmir; Sharp Foreign Bodies Outnumbering the Blunt Ones
Authors: Shah Nisar Ahmad , Kadla Showkat Ahmad , Shah Asif Iqbal , Khan Bilal Ahmad , Haq Inaam Ul , Shiekh Shabir Ahmad , Malik Aijaz Ahmad 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Foreign-body ingestion is a common phenomenon, especially in children. In normal adults, foreign-body ingestion is usually accidental and mostly ingestion occurs with food and impaction is a result of structural abnormalities of the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT). However, accidental ingestion of nonfood products is unusual; especially ingestion of pins (scarf or safety pins) and needles is unknown. We come across ingestion of these unusual/sharp foreign bodies routinely from the past few years. The aim of this study was to observe, over a period of 1 year, the spectrum of nonfood or true foreign-body ingestion in our community and to see the impact of an early endoscopy on outcome or retrieval of the ingested objects. Materials and Methods: In a prospective observational study, we studied the profile of foreign-body ingestion in normal individuals of all ages and both sexes, excluding the individuals with any structural abnormalities of the gut and the people with psychiatric ailment. Results: Of total 51 patients with foreign-body ingestion, 42 (82%) were 20 or <20 years of age with females constituting 86.3% of the total and males constituting only 13.7%. Foreign bodies ingested included 38 pins (74.5%), seven coins (13.7%), four needles (7.8%), and one denture and a nail (2%) each. Overall 26 (51%) foreign bodies were seen in UGIT (within reach of retrieval) at the time of endoscopy and all of them were retrieved. Nineteen (37.3%) patients reported within 6 h of ingestion, and majority of them (16 = 84.2%) had foreign bodies within UGIT and all of them were removed. Those patients (n = 32; 62.7%) who reported beyond 6 h, only 10 (31.25%) had foreign bodies in UGIT as a result of which the success rate of removal in these patients was only 32%. Conclusion: Most of our patients were young females and the common foreign bodies ingested were sharp including scarf pins followed by coins and needles. The success rate of retrieval was high in those who reported within 6 h of ingestion of foreign body. The rate of retrieval was 100% if foreign body was found on esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Hence, we recommend an early endoscopy in these patients and some alternative to use of scarf pins.
Arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Awad Allah Adel H. , Abdel Rahman Tharwat M. , Hashem Elsherief Faisal A. , Ragheb Abd Albaki Mohamed G. 
Published: June 2019

Background
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears have historically been underdiagnosed because they are often asymptomatic. It now appears that PCL tears occur more frequently than has been previously appreciated. The PCL is named for its insertion on the tibia.

Objective
The aim of this study was to clarify when and how to go for arthroscopic reconstruction of the PCL, reviewing the latest arthroscopic techniques.

Patients and methods
This prospective study included 20 patients (17 males and three females). Their mean age was 48 years [48.23±10.53 (range 20–60) years]. All patients presented with PCL injury, whether isolated injury or combined with other ligamentous injury, closed knee injury, with no previous ligamentous reconstruction of PCL on the same side, and all being fit for surgery. Preoperative radiographs and MRI were done to establish PCL injury diagnosis together with the clinical evaluation.

Results
We found that PCL injury was found to be combined with other ligamentous injury rather than isolated (60% combined injury). We found satisfactory highly statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative results according to Lysholm Score. The mean preoperative total Lysholm Score was 24.77 in comparisons with the mean postoperative total Lysholm Score of 90.13. Clinical examination according to IKCD Score shows less significant difference in general. In contrast, comparison between preoperative and postoperative results according to posterior drawer test and total score shows highly significant difference (P<0.001).

Conclusion
In our study, we reached the concept that arthroscopic reconstruction of PCL injuries has low rate of complications, within 13.33%. Arthroscopic single-bundle reconstruction may be complicated with hardware complications, loss of motion, infection, and donor site morbidity.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy susceptibility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zidan Amena R. , El Mougy Hala M. , Moustafa Hasnaa S. , El attar Shahinaz , Mohamed Eman F. 
Published: June 2019

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly prevalent throughout the world. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. The C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene has been reported to cause reduced MTHFR enzyme activity and impaired homocysteine metabolism, leading to hyperhomocysteinemia.

Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism in the susceptibility to DN in type 2 diabetic patients.

Patients and methods
The study was conducted on 180 adult Egyptian participants (60 healthy controls, 60 patients with T2DM without nephropathy, and 60 patients with T2DM complicated with nephropathy). C677T genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP analysis, and homocysteine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
The prevalence of polymorphic genotype of CT and TT and T allele was statistically significantly increased in diabetic patients than in controls (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant increase in polymorphic genotypes (CT and TT) and T allele in T2DM with nephropathy in comparison to T2DM without nephropathy group (P<0.001, 0.05, respectively). Serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in patients with nephropathy than in patients without nephropathy or controls with P less than 0.001. The higher serum homocysteine level was observed with polymorphic genotypes TT and CT compared with CC genotypes (P<0.001).

Conclusion
The TT genotype and T allele of MTHFR C677T may represent a significant genetic molecular marker to predict the risk of DN in T2DM.
Diagnostic utility of flexible bronchoscopy in mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathies
Authors: Farag Taghreed S. , Farag Abeer S. 
Published: June 2019

Background
Mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy with or without parenchymal lesions are difficult in the diagnosis via noninvasive techniques.

Objective
To assess the role of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), in particular, blind transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in the diagnosis of mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathies.

Patients and methods
A cross-sectional study was carried out on 42 out of 83 patients presented by chest radiography of hilar and/or mediastinal lymphadenopathies with or without parenchymal lesions. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography chest and FOB, TBNA, and bronchoalveolar lavage were done for all patients. Forceps biopsy and bronchial brushing were done for some patients with bronchoscopic airway abnormalities.

Results
A total of 52 patients underwent FOB procedures; among them 10 (19.2%) patients were excluded due to nonconclusive diagnosis for further evaluations; final histopathological and/or microbiological diagnosis was confirmed in 42 (80.8%) patients, and they were included in data analysis. Among them, 25 (59.5%) patients had malignant lymphadenopathies (five patients had small cell lung cancer, 18 patients had nonsmall cell lung cancer, and two patients had lymphoma) and 17 (40.5%) had benign lymphadenopathies (eight patients had sarcoidosis, three patients had tuberculosis, six patients had reactive lymphadenitis). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of TBNA in the diagnosis of intrathoracic lymphadenopathies were 75.00, 54.50, 60.00, 70.60, and 64.29%, respectively.

Conclusion
Bronchoscopy with TBNA has good sensitivity and negative predictive value with fair specificity and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of intrathoracic lymphadenopathies. TBNA is a safe, effective procedure and can be performed easily during routine diagnostic bronchoscopy, and minimize the requirement for mediastinoscopy and thoracotomy.
As mulheres entre a libertação e a renovação na obra lacerdiana
Authors: Lessa Patricia , Lamosa Paes Ana Carolina 
Published: June 2019

Resenha do livro:MOURA, Maria Lacerda de. Renovação. Edição Fac-Simile, Org.: Adelaide Gonçalves, Allyson Buno, Camila Queiroz. Fortaleza: Edições UFC, 2015.
Por uma Psicologia Social morena: contribuições do pensamento de Darcy Ribeiro
Authors: Costa Pedro Henrique Antunes da , Paiva Fernando Santana de 
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo objetiva sistematizar contribuições do pensamento de Darcy Ribeiro para a Psicologia Social brasileira, enfocando o livro “O Povo Brasileiro: A formação e o sentido do Brasil”. O trabalho encontra-se estruturado em três partes: uma apresentação do pensamento e percurso acadêmico-político de Darcy; seus aportes para a Psicologia Social brasileira; uma contextualização sobre Psicologia Social e direcionamentos para o prolongamento deste diálogo. As contribuições do pensamento de Darcy para a Psicologia Social brasileira são: O resgate da dimensão histórica na análise dos sujeitos e realidade brasileira; o caráter dialético dessa realidade; e a transformação social como horizonte ético-político. Pensar numa Psicologia Social brasileira, ou uma ‘Psicologia Social morena’, inspirados no socialismo moreno de Darcy, implica a superação de sua ninguendade, por meio da aceitação de sua brasilidade. Uma Psicologia Social brasileira que volte-se para si, vivendo seu próprio projeto intelectual-prático e rompa com a miséria de dependência colonial.