bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pan‐African Women's Voices across Borders
Authors: Adamavi‐Aho Ekué Amélé 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article is structured from the epistemological vantage point of framing theological education within the context of Pan‐African women's experiences of migration, where theological education is defined in the widest sense of creating knowledge, ethos, and practices from within different versions of Christian tradition, as opposed to transmitting a static corpus of knowledge. It begins by examining the deconstructive potential of Pan‐African female migrants, particularly with regard to gendered patterns and projections of theological education. It then describes and analyzes the impact of Pan‐African female migrants on the project of contextual theological education as an act of birthing and bringing to life the dimensions of seeing and interpreting the one life‐giving story through the lenses of the lamenting, celebrating, and transforming stories of many. The article concludes by presenting Pan‐African female migration as an opportunity to revisit theological education as a creative, ecumenical, and intercultural enterprise, seeing the empirical location of Pan‐African female migrants as a paradigmatic lens for revisiting theological education as intercultural enterprise, and not (exclusively) as a contextual – and hence exceptional – historic experience.
Sankofa Socialization as a Response to the Soul Trauma of Black Women Activists in Ministry
Authors: Elion Ericka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article sets out an emerging discourse on defining and repairing the generational spiritual consequences of racism, victimization, marginalization, and isolation experienced by women of African descent, identified in this paper as “soul trauma.” Drawing on the work of W.E.B. Dubois, Joy DeGruy, Iva Carruthers, and others, it establishes the deep and deadly effect of internalized white supremacy and cultural hegemony on the identity and socialization of Black women, an effect that requires substantial work and repair beyond what established human service delivery practices can provide to the essential core of one's being, the soul. This article posits the concept and practice of Sankofa as a form of holistic medicine in the repair of Black souls, specific to the use of Kindezi, a Kikongo education system.
Increased expression of TLR7 and TLR9 in alopecia areata
Authors: Kang Hoon , Wu Wen‐Yu , Yu Mei , Shapiro Jerry , McElwee Kevin J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is thought to be an autoimmune process. In other autoimmune diseases, the innate immune system and Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) can play a significant role. Expression of TLR7, TLR9 and associated inducible genes was evaluated by quantitative PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 healthy individuals and 19 AA patients, categorized according to disease duration, activity and hair loss extent. Microdissected scalp biopsies from five patients and four controls were also assessed by quantitative PCR and immunohistology. TLR9 was significantly upregulated 2.37 fold in AA PBMCs. Notably, TLR9 was most significantly upregulated in patients with active AA, as shown by a positive hair pull test, compared to stable AA patients. In hair follicle bulbs from AA patients, IFNG and TLR7 exhibited statistically significant 3.85 and 2.70 fold increases in mRNA, respectively. Immunohistology revealed TLR7 present in lesional follicles, while TLR9 positive cells were primarily observed peri‐bulbar to AA affected hair follicles. The increased expression of TLR7 and TLR9 suggest components of the innate immune system may be active in AA pathogenesis.
Effects of ocean climate on the length and condition of forage fish in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Thompson Sarah Ann , García‐Reyes Marisol , Sydeman William J. , Arimitsu Mayumi L. , Hatch Scott A. , Piatt John F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractClimatic drivers of the size and body condition of forage fish in the North Pacific are poorly known. We hypothesized that length and condition of forage fish in the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) vary in relation to ocean temperature on multiple scales. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed morphometric data for capelin (Mallotus catervarius) and Pacific sand lance (PSL; Ammodytes personatus) sampled by a seabird (Cerorhinca monocerata) in two regions of the GoA, 1993–2016. Based on previous studies, we predicted that capelin length and body condition (Fulton's K) would be negatively related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and sea surface temperature (SST), whereas PSL length and condition would be positively related. Interannual variation in length and body condition was evaluated relative to seasonal values of ocean climate using regression. Forage fish length and condition varied interannually, between sampling regions, and were dependent on the size/age class of the fish sampled. As predicted, length and body condition of capelin (mostly age 1+) were negatively related to the PDO and SST. Relationships with ocean climate for PSL varied by size/age class: positive for putative age‐0 fish and negative for putative age‐1+ fish. We conclude that our hypothesis was supported for capelin and partially supported for PSL. This study demonstrates that ocean climate determines key morphometric characteristics of forage fish that may relate to interannual variation in the energetic value of prey, and provides an example of how seabirds can be used to obtain specimens for evaluations of potential prey quality.
Spatial and temporal homogenisation of freshwater macrofaunal communities in ditches
Authors: Musters C. J. M. , Hunting Ellard R. , Schrama Maarten , Cieraad E. , Barmentlo S. Henrik , Ieromina Oleksandra , Vijver Martina G. , van Bodegom Peter M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

There is a widespread concern that we are witnessing an ongoing homogenisation of ecological communities. However, in contrast to human impacts on spatial patterns in biodiversity, human impacts on the temporal aspects of β‐diversity have received little attention. Moreover, the interplay between spatial and temporal β‐diversity is poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed dissimilarity within freshwater macrofaunal communities of drainage ditches to determine spatiotemporal β‐diversity as well as homogenisation in relation to different types of land use.

We considered four distinct changes in community composition: spatial turnover, temporal turnover, spatial variation over time, and temporal variation in space, as well as the combined effects of space and time on β‐diversity. As a metric of dissimilarity, we calculated the taxonomic Hellinger distance between samples from different locations and time points and correlated these with distance in space and in time, as well as with three spatial variables, including land‐use type, and two temporal variables. We studied the effect of interactions between spatial and temporal variables on dissimilarity by applying a permutational analysis of variance.

Our results illustrate the importance of changes in community composition in time with respect to temporal turnover, spatial variation over time, and temporal variation in space. While we did not find spatial turnover in community composition, both month and year had a considerable effect. Within a year, β‐diversity decreased over the months, yet these assembly patterns differed between years. This suggests major effects of seasonal and year‐to‐year dynamics on β‐diversity. Land use was also observed to be a main driver: ditches in nature conservation areas had higher β‐diversity and temporal heterogeneity was lowest in ditches adjacent to the most intensive agricultural land‐use category, indicating that agricultural practices can homogenise biodiversity in both space and time.

By analysing the spatial and temporal β‐diversity patterns in freshwater macrofaunal communities in concert, we have shown that β‐diversity is a sensitive and highly informative metric of both spatial and temporal changes in community composition.
Uncovering hidden genetic variation in photosynthesis of field‐grown maize under ozone pollution
Authors: Choquette Nicole E. , Ogut Funda , Wertin Timothy M. , Montes Christopher M. , Sorgini Crystal A. , Morse Alison M. , Brown Patrick J. , Leakey Andrew D. B. , McIntyre Lauren M. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOzone is the most damaging air pollutant to crops, currently reducing Midwest US maize production by up to 10%, yet there has been very little effort to adapt germplasm for ozone tolerance. Ozone enters plants through stomata, reacts to form reactive oxygen species in the apoplast and ultimately decreases photosynthetic C gain. In this study, 10 diverse inbred parents were crossed in a half‐diallel design to create 45 F1hybrids, which were tested for ozone response in the field using free air concentration enrichment (FACE). Ozone stress increased the heritability of photosynthetic traits and altered genetic correlations among traits. Hybrids from parents Hp301 and NC338 showed greater sensitivity to ozone stress, and disrupted relationships among photosynthetic traits. The physiological responses underlying sensitivity to ozone differed in hybrids from the two parents, suggesting multiple mechanisms of response to oxidative stress. FACE technology was essential to this evaluation because genetic variation in photosynthesis under elevated ozone was not predictable based on performance at ambient ozone. These findings suggest that selection under elevated ozone is needed to identify deleterious alleles in the world's largest commodity crop.
Joint Estimation of Gross Recharge, Groundwater Usage, and Hydraulic Properties within HydroSight
Authors: Peterson Tim J. , Fulton Simon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGroundwater management decisions are often founded upon estimates of aquifer hydraulic properties, recharge and the rate of groundwater usage. Too often hydraulic properties are unavailable, recharge estimates are very uncertain, and usage is unmetered or infrequently metered over only recent years or estimated using numerical groundwater models decoupled from the drivers of drawdown. This paper extends the HydroSight groundwater time‐series package (
http://peterson‐tim‐j.github.io/HydroSight/) to allow the joint estimation of gross recharge, transmissivity, storativity, and daily usage at multiple production bores. A genetic evolutionary scheme was extended from estimating time‐series model parameters to also estimating time series of usage that honor metered volumes at each production bore and produces (1) the best fit with the observed hydrograph and (2) plausible estimates of actual evapotranspiration and hence recharge. The reliability of the approach was rigorously tested. Repeated calibration of models for four bores produced estimates of transmissivity, storativity, and mean recharge that varied by a factor of 0.22‐0.32, 0.13‐0.2, and 0.03‐0.48, respectively, when recharge boundary effects were low and the error in monthly, quarterly, and biannual metered usage was generally <10%. Application to the 30 observation bores within the Warrion groundwater management area (Australia), produced a coefficient of efficiency of ≥0.80 at 22 bores and ≥0.90 at 12 bores. The aquifer transmissivity and storativity were reasonably estimated, and were consistent with independent estimates, while mean gross recharge may be slightly overestimated. Overall, the approach allows greater insights from the available data and provides opportunity for the exploration of usage and climatic scenarios.
Real‐world direct oral anticoagulant experience in atrial fibrillation: falls risk and low dose anticoagulation are predictive of both bleeding and stroke risk
Authors: Brook Rowena , Aswapanyawongse Oranut , Tacey Mark , Kitipornchai Tanun , Ho Prahlad , Lim Hui Y. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials have demonstrated that direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are non‐inferior to vitamin K antagonist for stroke prevention in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) with comparable safety outcomes; however, real‐world Australian data are limited.AimsTo evaluate local real‐world DOAC use focussing on safety, particularly in high‐risk patients.MethodsA retrospective evaluation of 658 patients commenced or continued on DOAC between September 2013 and September 2016 for non‐valvular AF at Northern Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Victoria, Australia was performed.ResultsFactor Xa inhibitors were more commonly prescribed than direct thrombin inhibitors (83.3 vs 16.7%) for AF management. The median patient age was 75 years. The rate of clinically significant bleeding on anticoagulation was 3.13 per 100 person‐years (including four deaths) with risk factors including history of bleeding (hazard ratio (HR) 3.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–10.17), concurrent antiplatelet therapy (HR 2.62, 95% CI: 1.11–6.20) and high falls risk (HR 2.76, 95% CI: 1.26–6.08). Patients on low‐dose DOAC had significantly higher bleeding risk compared with those on full dose (5.05 vs 1.82 per 100 person‐years). The rate of thrombotic stroke despite anticoagulation was 1.34 per 100 person‐years with risk factors including low dose anticoagulation (P = 0.034), high falls risk (P = 0.046) and previous stroke (P = 0.028).ConclusionsDOAC use in real‐world Australian practice is safe and effective, consistent with international data. Low dose anticoagulation and falls risk are associated with increased bleeding and thrombotic risk demonstrating overlapping risk factors. Careful individualised patient risk assessment is still required as low dose anticoagulation is not without risks.
A GRASP with path‐relinking and restarts heuristic for the prize‐collecting generalized minimum spanning tree problem
Authors: Marzo Ruslán G. , Ribeiro Celso C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGiven a graph with its vertex set partitioned into a set of groups, nonnegative costs associated to its edges, and nonnegative prizes associated to its vertices, the prize‐collecting generalized minimum spanning tree problem consists in finding a subtree of this graph that spans exactly one vertex of each group and minimizes the sum of the costs of the edges of the tree less the prizes of the selected vertices. It is a generalization of the NP‐hard generalized minimum spanning tree optimization problem. We propose a GRASP (greedy randomized adaptive search procedure) heuristic for its approximate solution, incorporating path‐relinking for search intensification and a restart strategy for search diversification. The hybridization of the GRASP with path‐relinking and restarts heuristic with a data mining strategy that is applied along with the GRASP iterations, after the elite set is modified and becomes stable, contributes to making the heuristic more robust. The computational experiments show that the heuristic developed in this work found very good solutions for test problems with up to 439 vertices. All input data for the test instances and detailed numerical results are made available from Mendeley Data.
Grain boundary engineering that induces ultrahigh permittivity and decreased dielectric loss in CdCu3Ti4O12 ceramics
Authors: Peng Zhanhui , Wu Di , Liang Pengfei , Zhou Xiaobin , Wang Jitong , Zhu Jie , Chao Xiaolian , Yang Zupei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDielectric materials with ultrahigh permittivity are attracting attention due to the increasing demand for these types of materials for microelectronics and energy storage applications. In this work, we successfully synthesized Zn‐doped CdCu3Ti4O12 (CdCTO) ceramics with low dielectric loss and large permittivity via an ordinary mixed‐oxide technique. Remarkably, at a Zn doping level of 0.10, a CdCu2.9Zn0.1Ti4O12 ceramic exhibited both decreased dielectric loss tangent of ~0.058 and large dielectric permittivity > 4.0 × 104, as well as a good frequency stability over a wide frequency range from 40 Hz to 106 Hz. The high dielectric performance was attributed to the enhanced grain boundary resistance and internal barrier layer capacitor (IBLC) effect due to the fine and uniform grains that formed upon Zn doping. The findings reported in this work provide valuable insights into how to simultaneously realize a low dielectric loss and high permittivity in CdCTO and other related dielectric ceramics.
Time use of advanced practice nurses in hospitals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Goemaes Régine , Lernout Emma , Goossens Sophie , Decoene Elsie , Verhaeghe Sofie , Beeckman Dimitri , Van Hecke Ann 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine the use of time by advanced practice nurses and time use differences according to type of healthcare organization, work experience, and supervisor.DesignA cross‐sectional, observational study.MethodsNon‐participant observations were executed in Belgium (October 2015–January 2016). Time use was categorized in domains (patient/family, team, healthcare organization) and roles (clinical expert, educator/coach, change agent/innovator, researcher, leader, collaborator, and ethical decision‐making facilitator). Proportional working time in domains and roles was calculated. Chi‐squared tests identified differences in time use according to type of healthcare organization, number of years of work experience, and type of hierarchical/functional supervisor.ResultsParticipants mainly devoted time to the patient/family domain (30.78%) and the clinical expert role (34.19%). The role of leader and ethical decision‐making facilitator covered, respectively, 4.84% and 0.07% of participants’ time. Time distribution in domains and roles differed between participants in university and peripheral hospitals.ConclusionActivities were executed in all domains and roles, except for the ethical decision‐making facilitator role. Further research could uncover barriers and facilitators for role execution, especially about leadership and ethical decision‐making.ImpactAdvanced practice nurses, supervisors and policymakers could act to optimize advanced practice nurses’ scope of practice.
Harnessing ward‐level administrative data and expert knowledge to improve staffing decisions: A multi‐method case study
Authors: Duffield Christine , Roche Michael A. , Wise Sarah , Debono Deborah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of changes to bed configuration and patient mix on nurses’ workload in a single ward.DesignMulti‐method case study.MethodThe study was undertaken in an acute 28‐bed ward in a tertiary referral public hospital in Queensland, Australia. Ward‐level administrative data were obtained for a 2‐year period, 12 months before bed configuration changes in October 2015 and 12 months after. These data included patient activity (bed occupancy, transfers, length of stay and casemix) and nurse staffing (budgeted and actual staffing levels, employment status and skillmix). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with ward nurses (N = 17) to explore the impact of the bed configuration changes on their workload.ResultsAdministrative data showed that the bed configuration changes resulted in more complex and dependent patients, increased patient transfers and greater variability in casemix. The interview data found these changes to patient complexity and activity intensified workloads, which were further increased by staffing decisions that resulted in greater reliance on temporary staff.ConclusionHospitals already possess the data and expert knowledge needed to improve staffing and bed management decisions without the need for additional, costly workload systems.ImpactDetermining appropriate nurse staffing in light of the complexities and variation of patient needs at the ward level remains a challenge. This study identified increases in patient complexity, dependency, variability and churn that increased workload. Staffing grew but hidden factors associated with temporary staffing and skillmix further intensified nurses’ workload. Harnessing existing data and the expertise and experience of nursing unit managers (NUMs) would help staff wards more efficiently and effectively, providing reasonable workloads and appropriate skillmix that can enhance the safety and quality of patient care. To facilitate this, NUMs need access to accurate, timely, data and authority in staffing and bed management decisions.
Mediating effects of self‐efficacy, coping, burnout, and social support between job stress and mental health among young Chinese nurses
Authors: Chen Juan , Li Jiping , Cao Bingrong , Wang Feng , Luo Li , Xu Jiajun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine the mediating effects of self‐efficacy, coping, burnout, and social support in the link between job stress and depression and anxiety among young Chinese nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was used.MethodsFull‐time young nurses (N = 1,029) who worked in nine tertiary grade A hospitals in Chengdu China were recruited from December 2016–March 2017. Structural equation modelling was applied to analyse the mediating effects.ResultsJob stress had a direct positive effect on anxiety (β = 0.054) and it also exerted indirect positive effects on depression (β = 0.337) and anxiety (β = 0.325) through mediating factors. Emotional exhaustion and social support were the main mediating variables, accounting for 72.0% of the variation in anxiety and nearly 43.4% in depression.ConclusionEmotional exhaustion and social support may have significant mediating effects in the link between job stress and depression and anxiety. Strategies including deceasing emotional exhaustion, enhancing social support in work environment, and reducing job stressors would be useful to prevent depression and anxiety among young nurses.ImpactWhat problems did the study address?Depression and anxiety have great impact on professional performance of nurses and even patient safety.Factors such as coping, burnout, etc., may have different mediating effects in the paths from job stress to depression and anxiety.What were the main findings?Job stress had direct and indirect positive effects on anxiety and it only had indirect positive effect on depression.Emotional exhaustion and social support were the main mediating variables in the link between job stress and depression and anxiety.Where and on whom will the research have impact?Nursing managers should be more cognizant of the impact of job stress on the development of depression and anxiety.The significant mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and social support in the link between job stress and depression and anxiety should be emphasized by nursing administrators and effective targeted measures need to be adopted.