bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing salt-expedited reduction mechanism for hollow silicon microsphere formation in bi-functional halide melts
Authors: Song Gyujin , Ryu Jaegeon , Kim Jin Chul , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Kim Sungho , Wang Chongmin , Kwak Sang Kyu , Park Soojin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe thermochemical reduction of silica to silicon using chemical reductants requires high temperature and has a high activation energy, which depends on the melting temperature of the reductant. The addition of bi-functional molten salts with a low melting temperature may reduce the required energy, and several examples using molten salts have been demonstrated. Here we study the mechanism of reduction of silica in the presence of aluminum metal reductant and aluminum chloride as bi-functional molten salts. An aluminum–aluminum chloride complex plays a key role in the reduction mechanism, reacting with the oxygen of the silica surfaces to lower the heat of reaction and subsequently survives a recycling step in the reaction. This experimentally and theoretically validated reaction mechanism may open a new pathway using bi-functional molten salts. Furthermore, the as-synthesized hollow porous silicon microsphere anodes show structural durability on cycling in both half/full cell tests, attributed to the high volume-accommodating ability.
BARM and BalticMicrobeDB, a reference metagenome and interface to meta-omic data for the Baltic Sea
Authors: Alneberg Johannes , Sundh John , Bennke Christin , Beier Sara , Lundin Daniel , Hugerth Luisa W. , Pinhassi Jarone , Kisand Veljo , Riemann Lasse , Jürgens Klaus , Labrenz Matthias , Andersson Anders F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Baltic Sea is one of the world’s largest brackish water bodies and is characterised by pronounced physicochemical gradients where microbes are the main biogeochemical catalysts. Meta-omic methods provide rich information on the composition of, and activities within, microbial ecosystems, but are computationally heavy to perform. We here present the Baltic Sea Reference Metagenome (BARM), complete with annotated genes to facilitate further studies with much less computational effort. The assembly is constructed using 2.6 billion metagenomic reads from 81 water samples, spanning both spatial and temporal dimensions, and contains 6.8 million genes that have been annotated for function and taxonomy. The assembly is useful as a reference, facilitating taxonomic and functional annotation of additional samples by simply mapping their reads against the assembly. This capability is demonstrated by the successful mapping and annotation of 24 external samples. In addition, we present a public web interface, BalticMicrobeDB, for interactive exploratory analysis of the dataset.
Low‐cost multi‐layer antenna sub‐array for 79 GHz short‐range radar applications
Authors: Mosalanejad M. , Brebels S. , Soens C. , Vandenbosch G.A.E. 
Published: July 2018

A new wideband cavity‐backed aperture coupled microstrip antenna is presented for 79 GHz short‐range multi‐input multi‐output radar applications. This design is based on a sub‐array consisting of two single elements, and each element is founded on a cavity backed aperture coupled patch antenna. A microstrip to strip‐line transition and a series feeding topology is used to feed the elements. The antennas are manufactured by using a new high‐resolution multi‐layer PCB technology. This technology is able to deliver high‐resolution stacked micro‐vias on very thin substrates. The performance of the designed antenna has been verified by both simulations and measurements. The bandwidth is 11.2%, and the maximum gain and efficiency are 6.05 dBi and 80% along 77–81 GHz.
Phase improvement algorithm for NLFM waveform design to reduction of sidelobe level in autocorrelation function
Authors: Ghavamirad R. , Sebt M.A. , Babashah H. 
Published: July 2018

A phase improvement algorithm has been developed to design the non‐linear frequency modulated (NLFM) signal for the four windows of Raised‐Cosine, Taylor, Chebyshev, and Kaiser. The authors have already designed NLFM signal by stationary phase method (SPM). The simulation results for the peak sidelobe level of the autocorrelation function in the phase improvement algorithm reveal a significant average decrement of about 5 dB with respect to the stationary phase method. Moreover, to evaluate the efficiency of the phase improvement algorithm, the minimum error value for each iteration is calculated.
Compact dual‐band filtering power divider based on SIW triangular cavities
Authors: Wang Yujie , Zhou Chunxia , Zhou Kang , Wu Wen 
Published: July 2018

A compact dual‐band filtering power divider (FPD) is presented based on substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) triangular cavities (TCs). By exploiting the first two modes in SIW TCs, the FPD is synthesised and designed with centre frequencies of 5.5 and 8.3 GHz and identical absolute bandwidths of 0.8 GHz. Two‐section 50‐Ω transmission lines loaded with two resistors are explored to achieve good isolation at two arbitrary frequency bands of the dual‐band PFD. Good agreements can be observed between the measured and simulated results and better than 20‐dB isolation within the two passbands has been successfully achieved.
Performance analysis of AO‐OFDM‐CDMA with advanced 2D‐hybrid coding for amplifier‐free LR‐PONs
Authors: Mrabet Hichem , Mhatli Sofien , Dayoub Iyad , Giacoumidis Elias 
Published: July 2018

All‐optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AO‐OFDM) and optical code‐division multiple‐access system (OCDMA) are combined in the first analytical model, which considers subcarrier hopping by means of advanced two‐dimensional (2D) hybrid‐coded (2D‐HC) signature. The model incorporates probabilistic subcarrier overlapping, multiple‐access interferences and is tested, for the first time, over amplifier‐free long‐reach passive optical networks (LR‐PONs) using cost‐effective intensity modulations and direct detection. For the upstream direction at 40 Gb/s, AO‐OFDM‐OCDMA outperforms a ‘classical’ multi‐channel OCDMA system for low received powers and any number of simultaneous users. In comparison to conventional 1D Walsh–Hadamard, 1D prime code and 2D prime hop system, coding with 2D‐HC can improve the performance of AO‐OFDM‐CDMA, thus allowing a higher number of simultaneous users in LR‐PON without optical amplification. From numerical simulations, the authors show that 16‐quadrature amplitude modulation (16‐QAM) AO‐OFDM‐CDMA with 45 users has comparable performance to conventional multi‐channel 16‐QAM coherent optical OFDM in the downstream direction and up to 58 km with 1:45 split ratio, without employing complex coherent technology. Similarly, based on the feasibility of physical implementation configuration, a budget power calculation is performed showing 108 km as maximum reachability distance for 40 Gb/s QAM signal, 1:64 split ratio when considering standard forward‐error‐correction.
Period spacings in red giants
Authors: Mosser B. , Gehan C. , Belkacem K. , Samadi R. , Michel E. , Goupil M.-J. 
Published: July 2018

Context. Oscillation modes with a mixed character, as observed in evolved low-mass stars, are highly sensitive to the physical properties of the innermost regions. Measuring their properties is therefore extremely important to probe the core, but requires some care, due to the complexity of the mixed-mode pattern.
Aims. The aim of this work is to provide a consistent description of the mixed-mode pattern of low-mass stars, based on the asymptotic expansion. We also study the variation of the gravity offset εg with stellar evolution.
Methods. We revisit previous works about mixed modes in red giants and empirically test how period spacings, rotational splittings, mixed-mode widths, and heights can be estimated in a consistent view, based on the properties of the mode inertia ratios.
Results. From the asymptotic fit of the mixed-mode pattern of a large set of red giants at various evolutionary stages, we derive unbiased and precise asymptotic parameters. As the asymptotic expansion of gravity modes is verified with a precision close to the frequency resolution for stars on the red giant branch (10−4 in relative values), we can derive accurate values of the asymptotic parameters. We decipher the complex pattern in a rapidly rotating star, and explain how asymmetrical splittings can be inferred. We also revisit the stellar inclinations in two open clusters, NGC 6819 and NGC 6791: our results show that the stellar inclinations in these clusters do not have privileged orientation in the sky. The variation of the asymptotic gravity offset with stellar evolution is investigated in detail. We also derive generic properties that explain under which conditions mixed modes can be observed.
The escape speed curve of the Galaxy obtained from Gaia DR2 implies a heavy Milky Way
Authors: Monari G. , Famaey B. , Carrillo I. , Piffl T. , Steinmetz M. , Wyse R. F. G. , Anders F. , Chiappini C. , Janßen K. 
Published: July 2018

We measure the escape speed curve of the Milky Way based on the analysis of the velocity distribution of ~2850 counter-rotating halo stars from the Gaia Data Release 2. The distances were estimated through the StarHorse code, and only stars with distance errors smaller than 10% were used in the study. The escape speed curve is measured at Galactocentric radii ranging from ~5 kpc to ~10.5 kpc. The local Galactic escape at the Sun’s position is estimated to be ve(r⊙) = 580 ± 63 km s−1, and it rises towards the Galactic centre. Defined as the minimum speed required to reach three virial radii, our estimate of the escape speed as a function of radius implies for a Navarro–Frenk–White profile and local circular velocity of 240 km s−1 a dark matter mass M200 = 1.28−0.50+0.68 × 1012 M⊙ and a high concentration c200 = 11.09−1.79+2.94. Assuming the mass-concentration relation of ΛCDM, we obtain M200 = 1.55−0.51+0.64 × 1012 M⊙ and c200 = 7.93−0.27+0.33 for a local circular velocity of 228 km s−1.
A study of microstructure and tensile property with casting S45C welding
Authors: Kuo Chin-Guo , Hwang Lih-Ren , Kang Yen-Tien 
Published: July 2018

For energy saving and longer life time of a large casting iron may use of weld repairs or make up to more save manufacture time and energy than re-casting. Such as breakage, crack and wear in large casting iron castings used weld to repair casting for eco-energy.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the dissimilar joint property of S45C carbon steel with the multi-layer method and the multi-pass welding method. Four weld rods, experimentally examined the influence on microstructures, which were marked as A, B, C and D, respectively. The microstructures of joint bead were observed by the optical microscope. The specimens of tensile test were made according to ASTM E8M. The experimental results were shown as following:
1. The pearlite structures and the bainite structures were formed in welded zone by the weld rod of middle carbon steels. The yield strength and ultimate strength of the specimens were 360MPa and 460MPa.
2. The feature of welded specimen was close to stainless steel due to the stainless steel rod included some Cr and Ni. In addition, a ferritic-austenitic two-phase stainless steel was observed in optical microscope.
Influence of force‐vector and force application plyometric training in young elite basketball players
Authors: Gonzalo‐Skok Oliver , Sánchez‐Sabaté Jorge , Izquierdo‐Lupón Luis , Sáez de Villarreal Eduardo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPlyometric training composed by unilateral exercises with horizontal jumping direction seems to be an effective way to improve physical performance in athletes. The present study aimed to compare the influence of a combined jumping direction and force application (horizontal‐unilateral vs. vertical‐bilateral) plyometric training on linear sprinting, jumping, change of direction (COD) and dynamic balance in young elite basketball players. Twenty young (U‐13 to U‐14) male basketball players (age: 13.2 ± 0.7 years, body mass: 59.5 ± 12.7 kg, height: 172.9 ± 7.9 cm) were randomly assigned either to a unilateral‐horizontal (UH, n = 10) or bilateral‐vertical (BV, n = 10) plyometric group, twice a week for 6‐wk. Both groups performed between 60 and 100 jumps/session. UH executed all jumps unilaterally with horizontal direction, while jumps in the BV were bilaterally with vertical direction. Performance was assessed by a linear sprinting test, vertical and horizontal jumping tests, COD tests (V‐cut and 5+5 m with a 180°COD test), an ankle dorsiflexion test and dynamic balance tests (anterior and postero‐lateral directions). Within‐group differences showed substantial improvements (Effect size (ES):0.31–1.01) in unilateral vertical and horizontal jumping, V‐cut test and postero‐lateral direction with right leg after both training interventions. Furthermore, UH group also substantially improved (ES:0.33–0.78) all sprinting times and postero‐lateral direction with left leg, while BV enhanced anterior direction with left leg (ES:0.25). Between‐group analyses showed substantially greater improvements (ES:0.33) in 10‐m and V‐cut test in UH than in BV. The likely beneficial effect (small ES) achieved in sprinting abilities suggests the combination of unilateral‐horizontal jumps to improve such abilities.
Dizziness handicap inventory and vestibular activities of living scale in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction
Authors: Zeigelboim Bianca S. , Lacerda Adriana B. , Fonseca Vinicius R. , Liberalesso Paulo B. , Marques Jair M. , Malisky Jéssica S. , Stechman Neto José 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
To verify the sensitivity of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale (VADL) questionnaires in order to apprehend the impact of vestibulocochlear symptoms on patients with unilateral and bilateral temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD).

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive, retrospective, transverse cohort study was conducted that evaluated 20 female patients, 26-72 years of age (mean age, 52.3 ± 12.2 years) from February 2015 to July 2016. The procedures were as follows: anamnesis, otorhinolaryngological and vestibular assessments, as well as the application of the DHI and VADL questionnaires.

Results:
(a) Prevalence of peripheral vestibular deficit disorder was observed, disregarding the affected side; (b) Dizziness symptom was more evident in the emotional aspect and tinnitus in the functional aspect in the DHI; (c) The VADL revealed greater difficulty in the functional, locomotion and instrumental aspects for activities (F5, L15 and I22); (d) In the correlation between the results of the vestibular testing and the VADL, dizziness had a significant effect (p < .05); (e) In the correlation between VADL and DHI, there was statistical significance for the functional and physical aspects (p < .05).

Conclusion:
The DHI and VADL questionnaires were sensitive to capture the impact of symptoms on daily activities in TMD patients.
Age-Related Expression of Human AT1R Variants and Associated Renal Dysfunction in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Jain Sudhir , Rana Anita , Jain Kavita , Perla Sravan K , Puri Nitin , Kumar Ashok 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms in transcriptional regulation of the human angiotensin receptor type I (hAT1R) gene in age-related chronic pathologies such as hypertension and associated renal disorders is not well known. The hAT1R gene has single nucleotide polymorphisms in its promoter that forms 2 haplotypes (Hap), Hap-I and Hap-II. Hap-I of AT1R gene is associated with hypertension in Caucasians. We have hypothesized here that age will alter the transcriptional environment of the cell and will regulate the expression of hAT1R gene in a haplotype-dependent manner. This could likely make subjects with Hap-I increasingly susceptible to age-associated, AT1R-mediated complications.

METHOD
We generated transgenic (TG) mice with Hap-I and Hap-II. Adults (10–12 weeks) and aged (20–24 months) TG male mice containing either Hap-I or Hap-II were divided into 4 groups to study (i) the age-associated and haplotype-specific transcriptional regulation of hAT1R gene and (ii) their physiological relevance.

RESULTS
In aged animals, TG mice with Hap-I show increased expression of hAT1R and higher blood pressure (BP); suppression of antioxidant defenses (hemoxygenase, superoxide dismutase) and antiaging molecules (ATRAP, Klotho, Sirt3); increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNFα, CRP, NOX1); and increased insulin resistance. In vivo ChIP assay shows stronger binding of transcription factor USF2 to the chromatin of Hap-I mice.

CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that in aged animals, as compared with Hap-II, the TG mice with Hap-I overexpress hAT1R gene due to the stronger transcriptional activity, thus resulting in an increase in their BP and associated renal disorders.
Amodal completion and knowledge
Authors: Helton Grace , Nanay Bence 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Amodal completion is the representation of occluded parts of perceived objects. We argue for the following three claims: First, at least some amodal completion-involved experiences can ground knowledge about the occluded portions of perceived objects. Second, at least some instances of amodal completion-grounded knowledge are not sensitive, that is, it is not the case that in the nearest worlds in which the relevant claim is false, that claim is not believed true. Third, at least some instances of amodal completion-grounded knowledge are not safe, that is, it is not the case that in all or nearly all near worlds where the relevant claim is believed true, that claim is in fact true. Thus, certain instances of amodal completion-grounded knowledge refute both the view that knowledge is necessarily sensitive and the view that knowledge is necessarily safe.
Glyphosate-based herbicides and cancer risk: a post-IARC decision review of potential mechanisms, policy and avenues of research
Authors: Davoren Michael J , Schiestl Robert H 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince its initial sales in the 1970s, the herbicide glyphosate attained widespread use in modern agriculture, becoming the most commercially successful and widely used herbicide of all time as of 2016. Despite a primary mechanism that targets a pathway absent from animal cells and regulatory studies showing safety margins orders of magnitude better than many other, more directly toxic herbicides, the safety status of glyphosate has recently been brought into question by a slow accumulation of studies suggesting more subtle health risks, especially when considered in combination with the surfactants it is usually applied with. Current, official views of respected international regulatory and health bodies remain divided on glyphosate’s status as a human carcinogen, but the 2015 International Agency for Research on Cancer decision to reclassify the compound as Category 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) marked a sea change in the scientific community’s consensus view. The goal of this review is to consider the state of science regarding glyphosate’s potential as a human carcinogen and genotoxin, with particular focus on studies suggesting mechanisms that would go largely undetected in traditional toxicology studies, such as microbiome disruption and endocrine mimicry at very low concentrations.
Decomposing Parietal Memory Reactivation to Predict Consequences of Remembering
Authors: Lee Hongmi , Samide Rosalie , Richter Franziska R , Kuhl Brice A 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Memory retrieval can strengthen, but also distort memories. Parietal cortex is a candidate region involved in retrieval-induced memory changes as it reflects retrieval success and represents retrieved content. Here, we conducted an fMRI experiment to test whether different forms of parietal reactivation predict distinct consequences of retrieval. Subjects studied associations between words and pictures of faces, scenes, or objects, and then repeatedly retrieved half of the pictures, reporting the vividness of the retrieved pictures (“retrieval practice”). On the following day, subjects completed a recognition memory test for individual pictures. Critically, the test included lures highly similar to studied pictures. Behaviorally, retrieval practice increased both hit and false alarm (FA) rates to similar lures, confirming a causal influence of retrieval on subsequent memory. Using pattern similarity analyses, we measured two different levels of reactivation during retrieval practice: generic “category-level” reactivation and idiosyncratic “item-level” reactivation. Vivid remembering during retrieval practice was associated with stronger category- and item-level reactivation in parietal cortex. However, these measures differentially predicted subsequent recognition memory performance: whereas higher category-level reactivation tended to predict FAs to lures, item-level reactivation predicted correct rejections. These findings indicate that parietal reactivation can be decomposed to tease apart distinct consequences of memory retrieval.
Effects of different antibiotic feeding programs on morbidity and mortality and growth performance of nursery pigs housed in a wean-to-finish facility
Authors: Puls Christopher L , Allee Gary L , Hammer James M , Carr Scott N 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two antibiotic feeding programs in comparison to nonmedicated controls on the incidence of morbidity and mortality and growth performance of nursery pigs in a commercial setting. The study used 2,250 crossbred pigs in a randomized complete block design (blocking factor = start date). There were two dietary phases with three treatments in each phase: 1) nonmedicated controls vs. 2) 39 mg/kg (35 g/ton) tiamulin + 441 mg/kg (400 g/ton) chlortetracycline fed for 14 d (TIACTC) followed by 39 mg/kg (35 g/ton) tiamulin fed for 21 d (TIA) vs. 3) 28 mg/kg (25 g/ton) carbadox + 441 mg/kg (400 g/ton) oxytetracycline fed for 14 d (CAROTC) followed by 55 mg/kg (50 g/ton) carbadox fed for 21 d (CAR). Necropsy results from mortalities during the study confirmed the presence of pathogens including Pasteurella multocida and Escherichia coli, as well as Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis, and Streptococcus suis. The study was carried out for a fixed time of 35 d from 6.7 ± 0.57 to 25.5 ± 2.23 kg BW. Pigs were housed in single-sex pens of 25 in a commercial wean-to-finish facility and there were 30 replicates of each treatment. All pigs were weighed as a group (i.e., pen) on days 0 (start), 14, and 35 (end) of study. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed and water throughout the study period; all feed additions to the feeder were recorded. There was no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of antibiotic feeding program on the incidence of morbidity and mortality at any point during the study. During phase 1, TIACTC- and CAROTC-fed pigs were heavier (P &lt; 0.05) at day 14 and had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG (8.3% and 5.6% for TIACTC and CAROTC, respectively) and ADFI (4.3% and 6.5%, respectively) than controls. Pigs fed TIACTC in the first 14 d had greater (P &lt; 0.05) G:F than the other treatments, which were similar for this measurement. In phase 2, feeding CAR resulted in greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG than controls, with pigs fed TIA being intermediate and different (P &lt; 0.05) than the other treatments. Feeding antibiotics, regardless of treatment, resulted in greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADFI than controls, but there were no differences in G:F. For the overall 35-d study period, feeding antibiotics resulted in greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG than controls (3.8% and 5.8%, respectively), but no difference (P &gt; 0.05) between treatments for overall G:F. The results of this study confirm the advantage of feeding antibiotics on nursery pig growth.