bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of support vector machines based on particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm in sleep staging
Authors: Geng Duyan , Zhao Jie , Dong Jiaji , Jiang Xing 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Heart rate variability (HRV) can reflect the relationship between heart rhythm and sleep structure. OBJECTIVE: In order to study the effect of support vector machine (SVM) on the results of automatic sleep staging and improve the effectiveness of heart rate variability (HRV) as a sleep structure biomarker, thereby realize long term and non-contact monitoring of sleep quality. METHODS: Two kinds of parameter optimization methods are applied to stage sleep experiments when the known SVM can be used for automatic sleep staging. By factor analysis of the time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of subjects’ HRV signals, the accuracy of the cross-validation method (K-CV) is used as the fitness function value in genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Furthermore, GA and PSO are used to optimize the SVM parameters. RESULTS: The results show that the accuracy rate of sleep stage is 64.44% when parameters are not optimized, the accuracy rate based on PSO is improved to 78.89% and the accuracy rate based on GA is improved to 84.44%. CONCLUSION: Both optimization algorithms can improve the accuracy of SVM for sleep staging and better results based on GA in the experiment.
Thermo-responsive hydrogel as an anti-VEGF drug delivery system to inhibit retinal angiogenesis in Rex rabbits
Authors: Hu Chao-Chien , Chiu Yin-Chen , Chaw Jen-Ray , Chen Chin-Fu , Liu Hsia-Wei 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Wet age-related macular degeneration (Wet AMD) has been treated clinically by intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, which is a kind of the anti-VEGF antibody drug. Nevertheless, because of the short half-life and frequent injections, the use of this treatment is limited. OBJECTIVE: To confirm whether mPEG-PLGA-BOX can be considered as a VEGF drug delivery system to inhibit retinal angiogenesis. METHODS: A thermo-responsive hydrogel of methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA-BOX) was synthesized. The thermo-responsive hydrogel mPEG-PLGA-BOX was able to have sol-gel phase transition upon stimulation by the body temperature with improved biocompatibility and biodegradation. The bevacizumab released from mPEG-PLGA-BOX inhibited RF/6A cells according to a JC-1 assay, which indicated that the released bevacizumab was active to be able to suppress the growth of new blood vessels. In an animal study, retinal laser photocoagulation was performed to induce angiogenesis in the eyes of Rex rabbits using an 810-mm laser. RESULTS: The retina was penetrated when the laser power was more than 500 mW and the exposure time was more than 500 ms. New blood vessels were created at the 28th day after retinal laser photocoagulation. At this time, intravitreal 0.05-mL injections of mPEG-PLGA-BOX (bevacizumab) solution were administered. The bevacizumab released from mPEG-PLGA-BOX (bevacizumab) solution suppressed the angiogenesis. In an in vivo study, the histomorphology of the rabbit retina also indicated that mPEG-PLGA-BOX after intravitreal injection is not toxic to the rabbit retina. CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab released from mPEG-PLGA-BOX (bevacizumab) solution suppressed angiogenesis, and mPEG-PLGA-BOX can be considered as a novel thermo-responsive hydrogel with potential as a gelling carrier for extended bevacizumab drug release to treat intraocular neovascular diseases.
Voluntary wheel running delays brain atrophy in aged mice
Authors: Lin Lan , Fu Zhenrong , Wu Yuchao , Wu Shuicai 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Physical exercises have been shown to be a surprisingly effective strategy to take advantage of the brain’s natural capacity for plasticity, and prevent brain degeneration in mouse histological studies. In vivo magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) provides highly resolved anatomical images and allows quantitative assessment of brain atrophy in the aged mouse model. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate, through the effects of 10 weeks voluntary wheel running, the mouse’s brain atrophy. METHODS: Sixteen C57BL/6J mice, aged 21 months, were randomized to the exercise or sedentary group. Each mouse was scanned in a 7.0-T MRM scanner at two time points: 22 months old baseline and a follow-up three months later. Multi-atlas based brain segmentation approach was used to obtain volumes of 39 brain regions. RESULTS: The results showed that mice in the exercise group had less brain atrophy compared with the mice in the sedentary group. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide new insights into exercise induced brain plasticity in aged animals.
Comparison of Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove (TT-TG) distances between different anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions: A retrospective clinical and imaging study
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Wang Junchen , Tao Liyuan , Liu Chenlu , Wang Yongxiang , Wei Baogang , Li Pengfei , Bao Huricha , Ma Bingxian , Qi Yansong , Xu Yongsheng 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that compared with single-bundle (SB) precedures, double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction perform better. OBJECTIVE: To make assurance that distance of TT-TG may be altered along with ACL rupture and reconstruction. METHODS: Imaging study of 201 patients’s related cases by MRI and CT scans. RESULTS: Compared with the intact knee’s overall mean TT-TG value, the mean overall pre/postoperative TT-TG values showed a significant difference. For SB reconstruction, the mean pre/postoperative TT-TG values were 15.67[Formula: see text] 2.46 mm and 14.72[Formula: see text] 2.48 mm, respectively. Postoperative and intact knee TT-TG values were significantly different ([Formula: see text] 0.001). For DB reconstruction, the pre/postoperative mean TT-TG values were 15.11[Formula: see text] 1.99 mm and 13.11[Formula: see text] 1.71 mm. Postoperative and intact knee TT-TG values were not significantly different ([Formula: see text] 0.141). CONCLUSIONS: The increased TT-TG value from a ruptured ACL was significantly restored after ACL reconstruction. The TT-TG value after SB reconstruction was still obviously larger than that of the intact knee. It showed no significant difference between the postoperative TT-TG of the DB group and intact knees. The original TT-TG values of the knees were much closer to restoration after DB reconstruction.
Maximal information coefficient applied to differentially expressed genes identification: A feasibility study
Authors: Yang Dan , Liu Hanming 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: The main obstacle encountered in microarray technology is how to mine the valuable information under the profiles and study the genes function. OBJECTIVE: Maximal information coefficient (MIC) is a novel, non-parametric statistic that has been successfully applied to genome-wide association studies and differentially gene and miRNA expression analysis. However, the data used in these applications are not gold standard but real data. METHODS: Therefore, this study attempts to test the feasibility of MIC for differentially expressed gene identification with simulation data. RESULTS: Our experiments indicate that, MIC perfermance is better than Limma always, which is almost the same level of SAM, ROTS or DESeq2. However, the count of AUC [Formula: see text] 0.5 of MIC is significantly smaller than the three methods, and MIC does not exhibit an abnormal phenomenon in which the AUC increases as the noise increases. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the existing methods, our experiments show that MIC is not only in the first tier in identifying differentially expressed genes and noise immunity, but also shows better robustness and stronger data/environment adaptability.
Enhanced shRNA delivery by the combination of polyethylenimine, ultrasound, and nanobubbles in liver cancer
Authors: Li Hongbo , Wang Ziyu , Zhang Jia , Yuan Chenyan , Zhang Hao , Hou Xinxin , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Traditional cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy destroy both cancer and normal cells, which limit their clinical application. It is difficult to achieve the best results for any liver cancer patients using any single treatment method. Gene therapy for HCC demands non-invasive, efficient, targeted and safe gene transfection strategies. OBJECTIVE: In this study, a nonviral shRNA gene delivery system utilizing a combination of PEI, US, and NBs was developed for targeting survivin in liver Cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS: The PEI-shRNA-NBs cumulated in the tumor tissue because of the EPR effect. By exposure to the US, micelles shRNA may be released from PEI-shRNA-NBs in tumor tissues and the shRNA then transmitted efficiently to cancer cells. Considerably enhanced therapeutic outcome was obtained with the gene silencing effect enhanced. CONCLUSIONS: PEI-shRNA-NBs possess the potential to become promising tools intended for shRNA delivery.
Prediction of atrial fibrillation using the recurrence complex network of body surface potential mapping signals
Authors: Bai Baodan , Li Xiaoou , Yang Cuiwei , Chen Xinrong , Wang Xuan , Wu Zhong 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of persistent arrhythmia. Early diagnosis and intervention of AF is essential to avert the further fatality. The technique of noninvasive electrical mapping, especially the body surface potential mapping (BSPM), has a more practical application in the study of predicting AF, when compared with the invasive electrical mapping methods such as the epicardial mapping and interventional catheter mapping. However, the prediction of AF with noninvasive signals has been inadequately studied. Thus, the aim of this paper was to analyze the properties of atrial dynamic system based on the noninvasive BSPM signals (BSPMs), using the recurrence complex network, and consequently to evaluate its role in predicting the recurrence of AF in clinical aspect. METHOD: Twelve patients with persistent AF were included in this study. Their preoperative and postoperative BSPMs were recorded. Initially, the preoperative BSPMs were transformed into the recurrence complex network to characterize the complexity property of the atria. Subsequently, the parameters of recurrence ratio (REC), determinism (DET), entropy of the diagonal structure distribution (ENTR), and laminarity (LAM) were calculated. Furthermore, the difference in the parameters in the four regions of the body and the difference obtained from the dominant frequency (DF) method were compared. Finally, the results obtained for the atrial dynamic system complexity from a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) from the BSPMs were discussed. RESULTS: Our study revealed that the patients whose REC is greater than an average threshold, and with a lower LAM presented a much higher possibility of AF recurrence, after the AF surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence complex network is a useful and convenient way to evaluate the nonlinear properties of the BSPMs in patients with AF. It has good immunity to the lead position and has a potential role in the understanding of predicting the recurrence of AF.
Expression and subcellular localization of HSPC117 in min pig tissues and the PK15 cell line
Authors: Ma Hong , Fu Bo , Zhang Xu , Wang Liang , Li Zhongqiu , Liu Di 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: The human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell 117 (HSPC117) protein is involved in many important biological processes. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to identify the level of HSPC117 mRNA expression in 10 min pig tissue samples and HSPC117 subcellular localization in the PK15 cell line. METHODS: In this study, 10 tissue samples of min pigs were collected, and EGFP-HSPC117 vectors were constructed to express EGFP-HSPC117 fusion proteins in PK15 cells. RESULTS: HSPC117 mRNA was expressed in all of the tissue samples, although the levels of expression in fat and lung tissues were significantly lower than in other tissues ([Formula: see text] 0.01). After generating and detecting the EGFP-HSPC117 fusion protein, fluorescence was found to be distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus during interphase; however, the fluorescence was concentrated in the nuclear area in mitotic cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the HSPC117 gene is expressed in many min pig tissues. The HSPC117 protein was distributed throughout the cells during interphase, but was concentrated in the nuclear area in mitotic cells.
H2S attenuates the myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats through modulating PKC-ERK1/2MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Long Junrong , Liu Maojun , Liu Shengquan , Tang Feng , Tan Wenting , Xiao Ting , Chu Chun , Yang Jun 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE To investigate the roles and underlying mechanism of exogenous H[Formula: see text]S (hydrogen sulfide) in attenuating the myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats. METHODS: A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, STZ group, STZ [Formula: see text] H[Formula: see text]S group and H[Formula: see text]S group. To build the DM rat model , the rats in the STZ group and STZ [Formula: see text] H[Formula: see text]S group were injected streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally, While the rats in the STZ [Formula: see text] H[Formula: see text]S group and the H[Formula: see text]S group received sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), which provides exogenous H[Formula: see text]S. Eight weeks later, the myocardial tissues of rats were used to detecting the collagen deposition through Masson staining, as well as some protein expressions related to myocardial fibrosis and signaling pathway by western blotting. RESULTS: Comparing to control group, the collagen deposition of myocardial matrix remarkably increased in the STZ group, and almost all the proteins that are relative to myocardial fibrosis, inflammatory and signaling pathway show an overexpression, except for PPARG and NF-[Formula: see text]Bp65. When Compared with the STZ group, the collagen deposition was obviously attenuated in STZ [Formula: see text] H[Formula: see text]S group, as well as the protein expressions above-mentioned, While PPARG was up-regulated. CONCLUSION: The myocardial fibrosis in DM rats can be attenuated effectively by exogenous H[Formula: see text]S, and the underlying mechanism is likely to regulating PKC-ERK1/2MAPK signaling pathway, improving the MMPs/TIMPs expression dysregulation and inhibiting inflammatory reaction.
Assessment of the risk factors in the daily life of stroke patients based on an optimized decision tree
Authors: Shao Zeguo , Chen Chen , Li Wei , Ren Haoran , Chen Wei 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability, which can be affected by people’s daily living habits. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of main daily living habits (smoking, drinking, diet, vegetable and fruits consumption, and exercise) on stroke risk in patients and provide the scientific basis for the assessment of the risk factors, a novel risk analysis model of the stroke is proposed. METHODS: A data mining method using decision trees which adopted the optimized C4.5 algorithm is presented. It is able to deal with the unbalanced data problem of the classification. Meanwhile, the proposed method has been verified on a clinical dataset of 23,682 patients with 21 risk factors. RESULTS: The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient for stroke risk classification has reached 84.88% and 0.7763, respectively. Through the generated knowledge rules, it demonstrates that the behavioral habits in daily life have an indirect effect on the risk of stroke. While, it has an obvious effect on stroke when hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and BMI risk factors exist. In addition, it was observed that the aforementioned five daily living habits have a decreased impact on the stroke. CONCLUSIONS: It is anticipated that the proposed system could help in reducing the risk, mortality, and disability of stroke, and provide clinical decision support for the treatment of stroke.
Gefitinib-coated balloon inhibits the excessive hyperplasia of intima after vascular injuries through PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Tang Fen , Liu Maojun , Zeng Ou , Tan Wenting , Long Junrong , Liu Shengquan , Yang Jun , Chu Chun 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of gefitinib-coated balloon suppressive action on the excessive hyperplasia of intima after balloon injury of common carotid artery in rats and on the PI3K/AKT signal pathway. METHODS: MTT method and the expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins were detected in vitro; Adult SD rats were randomly split into 5 groups, namely sham group, model group, low-dosage gefitinib-coated balloon group, high-dosage gefitinib-coated balloon group, and paclitaxel-coated balloon group. The intimal proliferation of arteries, PCNA, P-AKT and PI3K protein expression, the cell apoptosis, expression of MMP9, TGF[Formula: see text] and IL6 mRNA were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: At the same time and concentration, Gefitinib suppressed the proliferation of smooth muscle cell more significantly than paclitaxel. Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells (VSMC, EC) were significantly down-regulated and up-regulated after the cells were treated with gefitinib and paclitaxel. In gefitinib- and paclitaxel-coated balloon groups, significant up-regulations were found in the area of lumen. Furthermore, the expression of PCNA suggested that all coated balloons could suppress the excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the hyperplastic intima compared with the control group. In gefitinib- and paclitaxel-coated balloon group, the expression of PI3K/AKT was significantly down-regulated. The use of drug-coated balloons mitigated the cell apoptosis in TUNEL. The expressions of MMP9, TGF[Formula: see text] and IL6 mRNA in the model group were obviously up-regulated; and they were obviously down-regulated in the high-dose gefitinib-coated balloon group compared with the model group. CONCLUSIONS: Gefitinib-coated balloons were able to suppress the excessive proliferation in the common carotid arterial intima of rats more effectively than the paclitaxel-coated ones. The underlying mechanism may cover the PI3K/AKT signal pathway.
A SEMG-angle model based on HMM for human robot interaction
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Liang Le , Wu Maochuan , Dong Qi 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: An important part of the rehabilitation process using exoskeleton robots has been the creation of a friendly Human Robot Interaction (HRI) system. OBJECTIVE: In order to combine SEMG signal into the HRI system, a SEMG-angle model based on Hidden Markov Model (HMM) was put forward in this paper. METHODS: Feature extraction as a critical issue of signal preprocessing was handled by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which realized signal data dimension reduction and solved the common problem of redundant features. A comparison study was given to show the different performance of various EMG-angle model separately based on HMM, Back Propagation (BP) neural network and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network. RESULTS: The HMM modeling method which with lower calculation complexity can achieve a better modeling performance (average accuracy 93.063%) compared with BP neural network (average accuracy 88.180%) and RBF neural network (average accuracy 88.752%). CONCLUSIONS: SEMG signals have some characteristic properties which is similar to a quasi-stationary filtered white noise stochastic process, the structure of HMMs makes it ideally suited for classification and modeling SEMG signals, and the results of this study show that it can achieve a better performance than the commonly used methods (BP and RBF).
Chromatic aberration free reflective mirror-based optical system design for multispectral photoacoustic instruments
Authors: Choi Hojong , Ju Yun Jae , Jo Jae Heung , Ryu Jae-Myung 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: Current multispectral photoacoustic instruments must use large and separate combinational structures to obtain various biological tissue information for multispectral ranges. OBJECTIVE: The optical aberration generated from the multispectral photoacoustic systems may reduce the image quality of biological tissue because the improper structures for combining light of different wavelength cannot produce good optical ray convergence points. To prevent this, complex combined structures need to be considered at the design level for multispectral photoacoustic systems. METHODS: In place of an optical refracted lens system, reflective mirrors could be designed for optical systems. To verify our proposed idea, we assessed optical distortion performance using red, green, and blue light, and combined optical light sources to compare their chromatic aberration characteristics. RESULTS: The high optical performance is realized regardless of the wavelength for a light source combined with multiple wavelengths, because our optical system was designed with only a reflective surface. CONCLUSIONS: The designed optical system using a reflective mirror can provide multispectral optical sources (such as infrared, visible, and ultraviolet optical lights) with only one light ray path, without any chromatic aberrations.
Entropy analysis of heart rate variability and its application to recognize major depressive disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Byun Sangwon , Kim Ah Young , Jang Eun Hye , Kim Seunghwan , Choi Kwan Woo , Yu Han Young , Jeon Hong Jin 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND: The current method to evaluate major depressive disorder (MDD) relies on subjective clinical interviews and self-questionnaires. OBJECTIVE: Autonomic imbalance in MDD patients is characterized using entropy measures of heart rate variability (HRV). A machine learning approach for screening depression based on the entropy is demonstrated. METHODS: The participants experience five experimental phases: baseline (BASE), stress task (MAT), stress task recovery (REC1), relaxation task (RLX), and relaxation task recovery (REC2). The four entropy indices, approximate entropy, sample entropy, fuzzy entropy, and Shannon entropy, are extracted for each phase, and a total of 20 features are used. A support vector machine classifier and recursive feature elimination are employed for classification. RESULTS: The entropy features are lower in the MDD group; however, the disease does not have a significant effect. Experimental tasks significantly affect the features. The entropy did not recover during REC1. The differences in the entropy features between the two groups increased after MAT and showed the largest gap in REC2. We achieved 70% accuracy, 64% sensitivity, and 76% specificity with three optimal features during RLX and REC2. CONCLUSION: Monitoring of HRV complexity changes when a subject experiences autonomic arousal and recovery can potentially facilitate objective depression recognition.