bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will teenagers today live with and care for their aged parents tomorrow?
Authors: Cheong Chin Y , Ha Ngoc HL , Choo Robin WM , Yap Philip LK 
Published: March 2018

AimsOlder adults who live alone are vulnerable physically, emotionally and socially. However, there is a trend towards children not living with their parents. We studied the willingness of teenagers today to live with and care for their aged parents tomorrow, and the reasons for their decision.MethodsA convenient sample of 1405 teenage students (M
age = 14.9 ± 1.30) in the north region of Singapore completed a purpose‐designed questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationships between teenagers’ closeness to grandparents, challenges faced living with grandparents, positive and negative perceptions towards aging, and willingness to stay with aged parents in the future, stratified by sex. Thematic analysis was used to understand the reasons for their choice.ResultsThe majority (85.6%) chose to live with their parents, and the significant predictors were “closeness to grandparents” (P = 0.034) and “positive perceptions towards aging” (P < 0.01), but not “challenges in living with grandparents” (P = 0.391) or “negative perceptions” (P = 0.302). Among teenagers with positive perceptions, boys were more likely to live with their parents (P < 0.01). Conversely, among teenagers with negative perceptions, girls were more likely to do so (P = 0.026). Primary reasons for willingness included: “desire to care,” “expression of love,” “sense of responsibility” and “prompted by moral values.”ConclusionsEfforts should be undertaken to strengthen teenagers’ relationships with grandparents, and promote positive perceptions towards aging to better sustain the family as a social safety net for aging and frail older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 957–964.
Consumer input into health care: Time for a new active and comprehensive model of consumer involvement
Authors: Hall Alix E. , Bryant Jamie , Sanson‐Fisher Rob W. , Fradgley Elizabeth A. , Proietto Anthony M. , Roos Ian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo ensure the provision of patient‐centred health care, it is essential that consumers are actively involved in the process of determining and implementing health‐care quality improvements. However, common strategies used to involve consumers in quality improvements, such as consumer membership on committees and collection of patient feedback via surveys, are ineffective and have a number of limitations, including: limited representativeness; tokenism; a lack of reliable and valid patient feedback data; infrequent assessment of patient feedback; delays in acquiring feedback; and how collected feedback is used to drive health‐care improvements.ObjectivesWe propose a new active model of consumer engagement that aims to overcome these limitations. This model involves the following: (i) the development of a new measure of consumer perceptions; (ii) low cost and frequent electronic data collection of patient views of quality improvements; (iii) efficient feedback to the health‐care decision makers; and (iv) active involvement of consumers that fosters power to influence health system changes.
Ethical consumer behaviour in Germany: The attitude‐behaviour gap in the green apparel industry
Authors: Wiederhold Marie , Martinez Luis F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn today's society, the trend of ethical consumerism is undeniable. Yet, even though consumers are ethically concerned, they rarely transform their intentions into a green purchasing behaviour—and this phenomenon is also evident in the sustainable fashion industry. This study aims to understand the prevailing attitude‐behaviour gap and explores the barriers that constrain consumers in purchasing green apparel. A total of 13 in‐depth interviews were conducted and analysed to the principles of grounded theory. The analysis reveals that the following barriers impede consumption of sustainable fashion: price, availability, knowledge, transparency, image, inertia and consumption habits. The impact of each dimension on consumers' purchase decisions might be of interest to apparel manufacturers and retailers who should implement strategies to encourage eco‐conscious apparel acquisition and focus on diminishing these barriers. Accordingly, three major recommendations are made: (a) to concentrate on specific product attributes; (b) to adopt an efficient digital communication strategy; and (c) to make a greater effort on making green apparel attainable. This study contributes to the overall understanding of consumer behaviour in the ethical fashion industry and examines in‐depth the purchasing criteria for sustainable fashion for consumers.
Concepts of Time and Temporality in the Storytelling and Sensemaking Literatures: A Review and Critique
Authors: Dawson Patrick , Sykes Christopher 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA considerable body of literature exists on narratives and stories in explaining how individuals and groups make and give sense to their experiences in organizations. Classic Aristotelian narratives with a linear time structure (stories with a beginning, middle and end) are prominent in the storytelling literature, whereas retrospection, in drawing on the past in making sense of the present, is a temporal modality central to foundational concepts of sensemaking. In examining time and temporality in these related fields, the authors show how the conventional temporal sequence of a past, present and future dominates, with little consideration being given to time as a multiple rather than singular concept. The authors compare and contrast differences in the temporal aspects of mainstream theories and identify a growing interest in philosophical concepts of time. This review highlights how conventional explanations in these related fields of study are underpinned by linear conceptions of temporality (with an associated causality) and how there is growing recognition of fluidity in the way pasts and futures come together in temporal sensemaking of an emergent present. Although this movement towards explanations that engage with non‐linear modalities deepen insight, they do not explicitly address concepts of time. Time continues to receive scant attention, with temporal but ‘timeless’ theories taking precedence, ultimately constraining theoretical development. In building on this analysis, the authors characterize a range of temporal modalities from which they identify six pathways for charting out an agenda for future research in which multiple concepts of time and temporality are brought to the fore.
National Disability Insurance Scheme, health, hospitals and adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Wallace Robyn A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPreventable poor health outcomes for adults with intellectual disability in health settings have been known about for years. Subsequent analysis and the sorts of reasonable adjustments required in health and disability support settings to address these health gaps are well described, but have not really been embedded in practice in any significant way in either setting. As far as health is concerned, implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS, the Scheme) affords an opportunity to recognise individual needs of people with intellectual disability to provide reasonable and necessary functional support for access to mainstream health services, to build capacity of mainstream health providers to supply services and to increase individual capacity to access services. Together these strands have potential to transform health outcomes. Success of the Scheme, however, rests on as yet incompletely defined operational interaction between NDIS and mainstream health services and inherently involves the disability sector. This interaction is especially relevant for adults with intellectual disability, known high users of hospitals and for whom hospital outcomes are particularly poor and preventable. Keys to better hospital outcomes are first, the receiving of quality person‐centred healthcare from physicians and hospitals taking into account significance of intellectual disability and second, formulation of organised quality functional supports during hospitalisation. Achieving these require sophisticated engagement between consumers, the National Disability Insurance Agency, Commonwealth, State and Territory government leaders, senior hospital and disability administrators, NDIS service providers and clinicians and involves cross fertilisation of values, sharing of operational policies and procedures, determination of boundaries of fiscal responsibility for functional supports in hospital.
Results of a 10‐year follow‐up study of botulinum toxin A therapy for primary axillary hyperhidrosis in Australia
Authors: Rosen Robert , Stewart Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrimary hyperhidrosis has a prevalence of 3–5% in the United States. It is a psychosocially disabling condition leading to low self‐esteem, chronic stress and depressive symptoms. Several medical and surgical treatments exist, including botulinum toxin A, which internationally, has been shown effectively and safely to treat this condition achieving high patient satisfaction. In Australia, botulinum toxin A has been available under the Medicare benefits scheme for axillary hyperhidrosis since 2013, but efficacy and treatment satisfaction had not been evaluated. We present the results of the first Australian study on efficacy and patient satisfaction with botulinum toxin A in primary axillary hyperhidrosis with evaluation of possible prognostic factors.
Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in cystic fibrosis in an Australian cystic fibrosis centre
Authors: Sivam Sheila , Dentice Ruth , Reddy Nazmeen , Moriarty Carmel , Yozghatlian Veronica , Mellis Craig , Torzillo Paul , Glanville Allan , Gattas David , Bye Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is used in selected patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) as a bridge to transplantation. Our aim was to describe briefly treatment and outcomes of six CF patients who received ECMO. One patient received a lung transplant and another recovered from acute respiratory failure. Four died despite ECMO support. Lack of timely availability of suitable donor lungs and patient selection are contributing factors.
Prevalence of diabetes in Australia: insights from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II
Authors: Davis Wendy A. , Peters Kirsten E. , Makepeace Ashley , Griffiths Shaye , Bundell Christine , Grant Struan F. A. , Ellard Sian , Hattersley Andrew T. , Paul Chubb Stephen A. , Bruce David G. , Davis Timothy M. E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAccurate diabetes prevalence estimates are important for health service planning and prioritisation. Available data have limitations, suggesting that the contemporary burden of diabetes in Australia is best assessed from multiple sources.AimsTo use systematic active detection of diabetes cases in a postcode‐defined urban area through the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2) to complement other epidemiological and survey data in estimating the national prevalence of diabetes and its types.MethodsPeople with known diabetes in a population of 157 000 were identified (n = 4639) from a variety of sources and those providing informed consent (n = 1668 or 36%) were recruited to the FDS2 between 2008 and 2011. All FDS2 participants were assigned a type of diabetes based on clinical and laboratory (including serological and genetic) features. Data from people identified through the FDS2 were used to complement Australian Health Survey and National Diabetes Services Scheme prevalence estimates (the proportions of people well controlled on no pharmacotherapy and registering with the National Diabetes Services Scheme respectively) in combination with Australian Bureau of Statistics data to generate the prevalence of diabetes in Australia.ResultsBased on data from multiple sources, 4.8% or 1.1 million Australians had diabetes in 2011–2012, of whom 85.8% had type 2 diabetes, 7.9% type 1 diabetes and 6.3% other types (latent autoimmune diabetes of adults, monogenic diabetes and secondary diabetes).ConclusionsApproximately 1 in 20 Australians has diabetes. Although most have type 2 diabetes, one in seven has other types that may require more specialised diagnosis and/or management.
A climate‐driven tree line position model in the White Mountains of California over the past six millennia
Authors: Bruening Jamis M. , Bunn Andrew G. , Salzer Matthew W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimPosition of the alpine tree line ecotone around the globe corresponds to a growing season isotherm of approximately 6°C. Accordingly, tree lines are important indicators of Holocene global and regional environmental change. A central line of inquiry in tree line ecology is to better understand the mechanisms that dictate tree line position on the landscape, as well as the environmental conditions that cause upslope and downslope shifts in its position at centennial to millennial time‐scales. Here, we present a climate‐driven model to predict tree line position over the past 6,000 years.LocationSheep Mountain, located in the White Mountain Range of California, USA.Time period4750 bce to present.Major taxa studiedGreat Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva BK Bailey).MethodsWe use a climate‐driven tree line position model that utilizes a topoclimate raster surface of growing season average temperature to predict the spatial position and area of the alpine tree line ecotone across the mountain range. We then produce a time series of tree line position predictions at 500‐year intervals from 4750 bce to present, and compare the predictions to the growth dates and spatial locations of 61 remnant bristlecone pine samples from above modern tree line.ResultsThe model indicates that tree line position in the White Mountains, CA migrated downslope throughout the Holocene until approximately 750 ce, rebounded slightly upslope by 1250 ce, and has since likely remained stationary. Applying the model under present‐day climatic conditions suggests the current tree line at Sheep Mountain may be out of climatic equilibrium by up to 250 vertical metres in some places.ConclusionThe results support independent conclusions from global tree line analyses, underscore the temperature sensitivity of the tree line ecotone, and further develop our understanding of climate‐driven tree line dynamics.
The importance of marginal population hotspots of cold‐adapted species for research on climate change and conservation
Authors: Abeli Thomas , Vamosi Jana C. , Orsenigo Simone 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAreas hosting hotspots of low‐latitude marginal populations of cold‐adapted plant species could be key areas for understanding geographical attributes that result in refugia during climatic shifts as well as the conservation of genetic diversity in the face of climate change. Low‐latitude populations of cold‐adapted plants are important because they may harbour the combination of alleles that foster persistence in a warmer climate. Consequently, identification of areas where arctic‐alpine, circumpolar and circumboreal species reach the low‐latitude ends of their distribution will present a unique opportunity to uncover processes that shaped current biogeographical patterns, as well as prepare for future scenarios. Here, we identify 35 main marginal population hotspots (19 and 16 areas in North America and Europe, respectively) of 183 plant taxa. These hotspots represent areas where southern marginal populations of cold‐adapted species co‐occur. The identification of hotspots was based on geographic overlap of southernmost locations of the target species, in a 50 × 50 km grid. With a threshold of two species in a single grid cell or in two contiguous cells, the analysis revealed that hotspots are in most cases located in the southern portion of major mountain chains. However, hotspots also occur in lowland areas at high latitudes (Fennoscandia, Alaska, Hudson Bay) which do not necessarily correspond to known cold‐ or warm‐stage refugia (e.g. Alps). Rockies and Sierra Nevada both in California and Spain, Apennines, and the southern Scandes, maintain their hotspot status even with more stringent cut‐off thresholds (>3 and >5 species per cell group). From a conservation point of view, our analysis reveals that only a small portion of the hotspots are currently included within protected areas. We discuss the importance of marginal population hotspots to future research on climate change and, finally, outline how conservation strategies can capitalize on the knowledge gained from studying climate change effects on cold‐adapted plants.
Resveratrol protects mice against SEB‐induced acute lung injury and mortality by miR‐193a modulation that targets TGF‐β signalling
Authors: Alghetaa Hasan , Mohammed Amira , Sultan Muthanna , Busbee Philip , Murphy Angela , Chatterjee Saurabh , Nagarkatti Mitzi , Nagarkatti Prakash 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStaphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent superantigen produced by Staphylococcus aureus that triggers a strong immune response, characterized by cytokine storm, multi‐organ failure, and often death. When inhaled, SEB can cause acute lung injury (ALI) and respiratory failure. In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol (RES), a phytoallexin, on SEB‐driven ALI and mortality in mice. We used a dual‐exposure model of SEB in C3H/HeJ mice, which caused 100% mortality within the first 5 days of exposure, and treatment with RES resulted in 100% survival of these mice up to 10 days post‐SEB exposure. RES reduced the inflammatory cytokines in the serum and lungs, as well as T cell infiltration into the lungs caused by SEB. Treatment with RES also caused increased production of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) in the blood and lungs. RES altered the miRNA profile in the immune cells isolated from the lungs. Of these, miR‐193a was strongly induced by SEB and was down‐regulated by RES treatment. Furthermore, transfection studies and pathway analyses revealed that miR‐193a targeted several molecules involved in TGF‐β signalling (TGFβ2, TGFβR3) and activation of apoptotic pathways death receptor‐6 (DR6). Together, our studies suggest that RES can effectively neutralize SEB‐mediated lung injury and mortality through potential regulation of miRNA that promote anti‐inflammatory activities.
Modulation of the oxidative plasmatic state in gastroesophageal reflux disease with the addition of rich water molecular hydrogen: A new biological vision
Authors: Franceschelli Sara , Gatta Daniela Maria Pia , Pesce Mirko , Ferrone Alessio , Di Martino Giuseppe , Di Nicola Marta , De Lutiis Maria Anna , Vitacolonna Ester , Patruno Antonia , Grilli Alfredo , Felaco Mario , Speranza Lorenza 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a clinical condition characterized by reflux of gastroduodenal contents in the oesophagus, has proved to demonstrate a strong link between oxidative stress and the development of GERD. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been universally accepted as first‐line therapy for management of GERD. The potential benefits of electrolysed reduced water (ERW), rich in molecular hydrogen, in improving symptoms and systemic oxidative stress associated with GERD was assessed. The study was performed on 84 GERD patients undergoing control treatment (PPI + tap water) or experimental treatment (PPI + ERW) for 3 months. These patients were subjected to the GERD‐Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire as well as derivatives reactive oxigen metabolites (d‐ROMs) test, biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde assays, which were all performed as a proxy for the oxidative/nitrosative stress and the antioxidant potential status. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between scores and laboratory parameters. Overall results demonstrated that an optimal oxidative balance can be restored and GERD symptoms can be reduced rapidly via the integration of ERW in GERD patients. The relative variation of heartburn and regurgitation score was significantly correlated with laboratory parameters. Thus, in the selected patients, combination treatment with PPI and ERW improves the cellular redox state leading to the improvement of the quality of life as demonstrated by the correlation analysis between laboratory parameters and GERD symptoms.
Mediation analysis of systemic inflammation on the association between periodontitis and glycaemic status
Authors: Torrungruang Kitti , Ongphiphadhanakul Boonsong , Jitpakdeebordin Supawadee , Sarujikumjornwatana Somchai 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional study investigated the associations between periodontitis, systemic inflammation and glycaemic status.Materials and MethodsThe participants were divided into three groups: normoglycaemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations between periodontitis severity and glycaemic status, adjusting for potential confounders. Mediation analysis of four systemic inflammatory biomarkers, C‐reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), was performed.ResultsThis study comprised 2,036 participants, aged 39‐66 years. Severe periodontitis was associated with IFG and diabetes with odds ratios of 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1‐2.4, p = .023) and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.3‐4.5, p = .006), respectively. The CRP, WBC and PLR were associated with both periodontitis severity and glycaemic status (p < .05). In contrast, the NLR was associated with periodontitis severity (p < .05) but not glycaemic status (p > .05). The CRP, WBC and PLR mediated 8%, 13% and 6%, respectively, of the association between severe periodontitis and diabetes. Similar proportions mediated were observed for the periodontitis‐IFG association.ConclusionsOur findings support the role of systemic inflammation as mediators of the associations between periodontitis and IFG or diabetes.
Investigation of factors that influence pain experienced and the use of pain medication following periodontal surgery
Authors: Beaudette Jennifer R. , Fritz Peter C. , Sullivan Philip J. , Piccini Assunta , Ward Wendy E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsTo determine the relationship between anticipated pain and actual pain experienced following soft tissue grafting or implant surgery; to identify the factors that predict actual pain experienced and the use of pain medication following soft tissue grafting or implant surgery.Materials and MethodsPrior to dental implant placement (n = 98) or soft tissue grafting (n = 115) and for seven days following the procedure, patients completed a visual analog scale indicating anticipated or experienced pain, respectively. The use of pain medication and alcohol, and smoking were measured.ResultsActual pain experienced on day 1 was lower (p < .01) than anticipated pain and continued to decrease (p ≤ .01) for each of the 7 consecutive days. Anticipated and actual pain were positively correlated. Increasing age (p < .05), having sedation during the surgery (p < .05), and lower use of pain pills (p < .01) predicted lower pain experienced. Actual pain experienced was a predictor of pain pill use (p < .01). Greater nervousness (p < .01) prior to surgery was a predictor of greater anticipated pain.ConclusionsPatients anticipated more pain than they actually experienced. Sedation, age and number of pain pills used predicted pain experienced. This trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03064178.