bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating compositional patterns
Authors: Schulz Eric , Quiroga Francisco , Gershman Samuel J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHow do people perceive and communicate structure? We investigate this question by letting participants play a communication game, where one player describes a pattern, and another player redraws it based on the description alone. We use this paradigm to compare two models of pattern description, one compositional (complex structures built out of simpler ones) and one non-compositional. We find that compositional patterns are communicated more effectively than non-compositional patterns, that a compositional model of pattern description predicts which patterns are harder to describe, and that this model can be used to evaluate participants’ drawings, producing human-like quality ratings. Our results suggest that natural language can tap into a compositionally structured pattern description language.
The matching process before and after the crisis in the Netherlands
Authors: de Pedraza Pablo , Tijdens Kea , Visintin Stefano 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the matching process before and after the Great Recession in the Netherlands. The Dutch case is interesting because it is characterised by increasing matching efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses data from 2001 to 2014 to study the Dutch labour market matching process accounting for the three labour market states and their heterogeneities.

Findings
The elasticity of hires with respect to the short-term employed was significant, positive and countercyclical, while elasticities relating to new entrants were procyclical. The matching function (MF) displays constant returns to scale (CRTS) when using an alternative labour supply (LS) measure that includes the short-term employed as jobseekers. The findings are at odds with the idea of mismatch and a shortage of skills. Search frictions for employers were lower and vacancies were filled faster. This can be related to the fact that in a loose labour market context with increasing short-term employment, employers increase their hiring of employed workers which generates negative externalities on unemployed.

Originality/value
The implications concern the specification of the MF and the CRTS assumption when using unemployment as a LS measure.
rESSuME: Employability Skills Social Media SurvEy
Authors: Arnedillo-Sánchez Inmaculada , De Aldama Carlos , Tseloudi Chrysanthi 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper presents rESSuME: Employability Skills Social Media SurvEy, which is a tool developed to understand if and how employers screen candidates’ social media (SM) to identify personal employability attributes. In doing so, the purpose of this paper is to shed light into the potential mismatch between the personal purpose of SM and recruiters’ job-related use of this data.

Design/methodology/approach
rESSuME maps personal employability attributes to elements of Facebook (FB). It was delivered to 708 employers in the UK and the USA. The 415 completed surveys were statically analysed.

Findings
More than 75 per cent of those surveyed use FB to screen most candidates. Loyalty and reliability are the personal attributes employers most search for. They look for personal attributes examining posts, comments and photos. Country and gender differences are also reported. While in the USA, they focus on determining whether candidates have good appearance, in the UK they are more interested in gauging if candidates are reliable. Females are more concerned with establishing whether candidates display common sense than their male counterpart.

Originality/value
This work is the first to articulate a rationale and systematic approach to screen candidates’ SMPs to: identify personal employability attributes and systematically map personal attributes to features of FB. Thus, it contributes a novel, systematic and structured tool to do so: rESSuME. It is the largest study with recruiters to date and the first to provide empirical evidence on how candidates’ SMPs are screened: what personal employability attributes do recruiters looked for in SMPs; and what sections and features of FB do recruiters looked at to identify the candidates’ personal employability attributes.
Estimation of rural credit demand: a study of Lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam
Authors: Das Tiken 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the rural credit demand by providing a theoretical and econometric framework which controls the problem of selection bias.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is conducted in Assam, India, and uses a quasi-experiment design to gather primary data. Heckman two-stage procedure and type 3 Tobit model are used to evaluate the rural credit demand.

Findings
It is observed that, in general, rural households’ credit demand is influenced by the ability and capacity to work, the value of physical assets of the borrowers as well as some other lenders’ and borrowers’ specific factors. But, the direction of causality of the factors influencing borrowers’ credit demand is remarkably different across credit sources.

Research limitations/implications
The study recommends that it is possible to provide an efficient credit demand estimate through a correct theoretical and econometric framework. The possible limitation of the study can be due to the exclusion of the role of “traditional community based organizations” in rural Assam while evaluating the credit demand, and therefore, this limitation is left to future research.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the literature by assessing the probable differences among formal, semiformal and informal credit sources with respect to rural credit demand.
The influence of interactive window displays on expected shopping experience
Authors: Lecointre-Erickson Danielle , Daucé Bruno , Legohérel Patrick 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The global aim of this paper is to provide managerial and theoretical contributions in order to guide retailers in their decision to invest in interactive storefront technology and to fill in the gaps in the literature in regards to the influence and the role of exterior atmospheric variables in brick-and-mortar retail experience. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of interactive technology in window displays and its influence on consumers’ affective responses, expected shopping experience and behavioural intentions at the point of sale.

Design/methodology/approach
The design of the study is founded in the presence (=1) vs absence (=0) of interactive technology in the window display. A partial least squares–structural equation modelling (PLS–SEM) approach is used to analyse the structural model and the correlations between the variables.

Findings
This paper finds that the technology has a significant influence on arousal, and that expected shopping experience has a significant influence on patronage intentions.

Research limitations/implications
This study was conducted on French individuals in a tourist bureau setting. The study should be replicated in other retail settings in order to improve the generalisation of the findings.

Originality/value
This study is the first to experimentally test the influence of an interactive storefront display in retailing. This paper also contributes to the retailing literature on exterior atmospheric variables.
The Social Value Act 2012: current state of practice in the social housing sector
Authors: Opoku Alex , Guthrie Peter 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The social housing sector is under increasing pressure to do more with less and provide value for money as part of the UK Government’s public debt reduction strategy. This study aims to explore the current practices towards unlocking social value in the housing sector through the adoption of the Social Value Act 2012. The Social Value Act seeks to ensure that public sector procurement deliver added value in terms of social, economic and environmental outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts quantitative research methodology through a survey with 100 housing professionals charged with the delivery of social value outcomes in the social housing sector in England.

Findings
The results of the study reveal that there is a low level of understanding of the Social Value Act 2012 among the professionals in the social housing sector. Once again, most organisations in the social housing sector do not have social value strategies or policies and rarely consider social value outcomes during procurement. However, employment skills and training and crime and antisocial behaviour reduction are the most social value priority outcomes/needs identified with organisations currently promoting social value in the social housing sector.

Social implications
The issue of social value has importance towards the wider society, and the study provides an insight into current practices towards the realisation of social value outcomes in the housing sector.

Originality/value
The Social Value Act 2012 came into force in January 2013, and little has been written on the impact of the Act on the social housing sector in England. This study identifies current practices in the social housing sector towards the delivery of social value outcomes in the day-to-day business operations.
The relevance of green practices worldwide: an overview
Authors: Dorantes Gisela Aguilar , Salais Fierro Tomás Eloy , Camacho Ruelas Gloria 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The paper consists of a literature review about the green supply chain management (GSCM), a concept which has been gaining ground around the organizations worldwide. The traditional supply chain (SC) was forced to evolve in GSCM as an option for companies to improve their economical, operational and environmental performance. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how green practices (GP) have a powerful dependence to the SC execution from companies around the world. A GP can be briefly defined as the actions being consciously done being responsible to the environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is exploratory. The topic was delimited through a review of similar papers, analyzing the different type of tools and the GP considered in each paper. For last, a conclusion will be exposed.

Findings
The “green movement” within the SC is increasing fast around the world, since the increasing awareness of industrialized countries are recurring in practices that impact directly to the environment. Therefore, costs of extra energy consumption are generated, as well as the imminent worrying reputation among customers due to the lack of responsibility to the environment.

Research limitations/implications
The document only covers the topic from a theoretical aspect through a literature review.

Originality/value
This paper covers not only strategies related to GSCM and GP from European and Asian countries are approached, but also Latin American performance, exposing briefly the adoption of GSCM.
Assessment of fluorescence polarization assay: a candid diagnostic tool in Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccinated areas
Authors: Kalleshamurthy Triveni , Shekar Ranjitha , Niranjanamurthy Harish Heballi , Natesan Krithiga , Shome Bibek Ranjan , Bambal Rajendra Gulabrao , Sairiwal Lipi , Barbuddhe Sukhadeo B. , Sahare Amol , Kilari Sreenivasulu , Rahman Habibur , Shome Rajeswari 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBrucellosis caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella is an important zoonosis and constitutes a serious public health hazard. Brucellosis is diagnosed mainly by the Rose Bengal plate test and indirect ELISA, both of which have poor specificity because false positive serological reactions occur when screening animals that have been vaccinated with B. abortus S19. Fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) was evaluated for screening samples from cattle and buffalo calves with persistent antibody titers induced by vaccination. The standardized FPA exhibited relative sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 and 0.95, respectively, and the area under the curve, kappa and accuracy were 0.98, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. Comparison of competitive ELISA and FPA revealed that, FPA is more specific than competitive ELISA. The high specificity, sensitivity and 95% accuracy of FPA indicate that, it is suitable for testing vaccinated animals because it can distinguish between infected from vaccinated animals.
Comparison of gut microbiota composition between laboratory‐bred marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) with chronic diarrhea and healthy animals using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
Authors: Shigeno Yuko , Toyama Mutsumi , Nakamura Mutsumi , Niimi Kimie , Takahashi Eiki , Benno Yoshimi 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTChronic diarrhea in laboratory‐bred marmosets poses a serious health problem during experiments. Despite a growing demand for laboratory‐bred experimental marmosets, the mechanisms underlying the development of diarrhea and measures for its treatment and prevention remain unclear. To explore the factors affecting development of chronic diarrhea in laboratory‐bred marmosets, the gut microbiota composition (GMC) of 58 laboratory‐bred marmosets, including 19 animals with chronic diarrhea, was analyzed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. We found that the GMCs in these animals cluster into two groups that differ significantly in rate of chronic diarrhea (56.5% in one group, Cluster 1, and 17.1% in Cluster 2). Additionally, a higher α‐diversity and a lower proportion of Bifidobacterium spp. according to quantitative PCR was found the animals in the Cluster 1 than in those in Cluster 2. Taken together, our findings indicate that there is a relationship between GMC and development of chronic diarrhea in laboratory‐bred marmosets. This is the first study to highlight the potential of assessing GMC in relation to development of chronic diarrhea in laboratory‐bred marmosets.
Grizzly bear response to spatio‐temporal variability in human recreational activity
Authors: Ladle Andrew , Avgar Tal , Wheatley Matthew , Stenhouse Gordon B. , Nielsen Scott E. , Boyce Mark S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Outdoor recreation on trail networks is a growing form of disturbance for wildlife. However, few studies have examined behavioural responses by large carnivores to motorised and non‐motorised recreational activity — a knowledge gap that has implications for the success of human access management aimed at improving habitat quality for wildlife.

We used an integrated step selection analysis of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) radiotelemetry data and a spatio‐temporal model of motorised and non‐motorised human recreational activity to examine how human recreational activity on trails affects both habitat selection and movement behaviour of individual bears. Grizzly bears were captured and radiocollared in the west‐central Alberta Rocky Mountains and Foothills, and trail cameras were deployed on trails to obtain data on human recreational activity.

We found that models including data on recreational activity outperformed trail‐proximity models when interactions with movement covariates were included. Responses were highly variable among individuals and across classes: males, females, and females with cubs.

Male and solitary female grizzly bears increased avoidance of trails with a high probability of motorised activity as well as displaying increased movement rates in response to motorised recreation. Females with cubs did not increase avoidance, however they had the largest response in terms of higher movement rates. In contrast, for all classes, selection for proximity to trail increased when probability of non‐motorised activity was high, and the effect on movement was dampened relative to the motorised response.

Synthesis and applications. By combining selection and movement into a unified modelling framework, we show that bears alter selection and movement behaviour in response to trails and recreation, and that such responses are determined by the type of recreational activity. Reduced selection and increased movement in proximity to motorised trails could affect bears’ ability to exploit foraging opportunities in these areas. Future access management actions for grizzly bear recovery should consider frequency and type of linear feature use by humans rather than solely relying on thresholds relating to feature densities.
Integrating encounter theory with decision analysis to evaluate collision risk and determine optimal protection zones for wildlife
Authors: Udell Bradley J. , Martin Julien , Fletcher Robert J. , Bonneau Mathieu , Edwards Holly H. , Gowan Timothy A. , Hardy Stacie K. , Gurarie Eliezer , Calleson Charles S. , Deutsch Charles J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBetter understanding human–wildlife interactions and their links with management can help improve the design of wildlife protection zones. One example is the problem of wildlife collisions with vehicles or human‐built structures (e.g., power lines, wind farms). In fact, collisions between marine wildlife and watercraft are among the major threats faced by several endangered species of marine mammals. Natural resource managers are therefore interested in finding cost‐effective solutions to mitigate these threats.We combined abundance estimators with encounter rate theory to estimate relative lethal collision risk of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) from watercraft. We first modelled seasonal abundance of watercraft and manatees using a Bayesian analysis of aerial survey count data. We then modelled relative lethal collision risk in space and across seasons. Finally, we applied decision analysis and Linear Integer Programming to determine the optimal design of speed zones in terms of relative risk to manatees and costs to waterway users. We used a Pareto efficient frontier approach to evaluate the performance of alternative zones, which included additional practical considerations (e.g., spatial aggregation of speed zones) in relation to the optimal zone configurations.Under the various relationships for probability of death given strike speed that we considered, the current speed zones reduced the relative lethal collision risk by an average of 51.5% to 70.0% compared to the scenario in which all speed regulations were removed (i.e., the no‐protection scenario). We identified optimal zones and near‐optimal zones with additional management considerations that improved upon the current zones in terms of cost or relative risk.Policy implications. Our analytical framework combines encounter rate theory and decision analysis to quantify the effectiveness of speed zones in protecting manatees while accounting for uncertainty. Our approach can be used to optimize the design of protection zones intended to reduce conflicts between human waterborne activity and marine mammals. This framework could be extended to address many other problems of human–wildlife interactions, such as the optimal placement of wind farms to minimize collisions with wildlife or the optimal allocation of ranger effort to mitigate poaching threats.
Reliable methods for identifying animal deaths in GPS‐ and satellite‐tracking data: Review, testing, and calibration
Authors: Sergio Fabrizio , Tanferna Alessandro , Blas Julio , Blanco Guillermo , Hiraldo Fernando 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Assessing mortality factors and survival rates is a cornerstone for the management of threatened and harvestable species. Modern tracking technologies allow unprecedented opportunities to monitor the mortality of individuals for years. However, the methods employed to separate actual deaths from transmitter failures have rarely been validated.

Here, we review these previous methods and exploit an intensive satellite‐tagging programme on raptorial black kites Milvus migrans to examine through tree models whether any tag‐parameter indicators could reliably separate 18 confirmed deaths (recovered corpse) from 32 confirmed cases of radio‐failure (tagged individual subsequently observed alive). Classification keys were validated on 21 confirmed deaths or radio‐failures from an independent tagging study on two other raptor species.

Review of tracking studies on mortality showed that they are exponentially increasing and using a wide variety of indicators (e.g., battery charge, stationary locations, fix frequency/quality, sudden tag disappearance, or common sense), with no preponderance of any. Few studies confirmed enough deaths or radio‐failures to validate such methods.

For GPS‐satellite tags, we found a reliable classification key that correctly classified 100% of the deaths and radio‐failures in both the calibration and validation datasets through three simple dichotomous indicators: (a) whether GPS locations were stationary or not; (b) whether background Doppler data confirmed them as stationary or not; and (c) whether GPS‐locations’ frequency gave indication of transmitter malfunctioning or not (Figure 3).

For tags recording Doppler locations alone, we failed to find a reliable classification key and advise future researchers to use Doppler data very cautiously (e.g., by censoring any uncertain terminal events) because misclassification rates are likely to be high.

Synthesis and applications. Refining the death surveillance function of satellite and GPS‐tags will improve the capability of management practitioners to: (a) uncover under‐reported casualties provoked by illegal or conflictual causes (e.g., poisoning, shooting, collision with windmills); and (b) calibrate demographic models which form the basis of management plans (e.g., population viability or sustainable harvest models). Improved exploitation of such remote monitoring will markedly advance the efficiency, planning, and implementation of management projects on imperilled or harvestable species affected by illegal, conflictual, or cryptic sources of mortality.
Ice cave reveals environmental forcing of long‐term Pyrenean tree line dynamics
Authors: Leunda Maria , González‐Sampériz Penélope , Gil‐Romera Graciela , Bartolomé Miguel , Belmonte‐Ribas Ánchel , Gómez‐García Daniel , Kaltenrieder Petra , Rubiales Juan Manuel , Schwörer Christoph , Tinner Willy , Morales‐Molino César , Sancho Carlos 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Tree lines are supposed to react sensitively to the current global change. However, the lack of a long‐term (millennial) perspective on tree line shifts in the Pyrenees prevents understanding the underlying ecosystem dynamics and processes.

We combine multiproxy palaeoecological analyses (fossil pollen, spores, conifer stomata, plant macrofossils, and ordination) from an outstanding ice cave deposit located in the alpine belt c. 200 m above current tree line (Armeña‐A294 Ice Cave, 2,238 m a.s.l.), to assess for the first time in the Pyrenees, tree line dynamics, and ecosystem resilience to climate changes 5,700–2,200 (cal.) years ago.

The tree line ecotone was located at the cave altitude from 5,700 to 4,650 cal year bp, when vegetation consisted of open Pinus uncinata Ramond ex DC and Betula spp. Woodlands and timberline were very close to the site. Subsequently, tree line slightly raised and timberline reached the ice cave altitude, exceeding its today's uppermost limit by c. 300–400 m during more than four centuries (4,650 and 4,200 cal year bp) at the end of the Holocene Thermal Maximum. After 4,200 cal year bp, alpine tundra communities dominated by Dryas octopetala L. expanded while tree line descended, most likely as a consequence of the Neoglacial cooling. Prehistoric livestock raising likely reinforced climate cooling impacts at 3,450–3,250 cal year bp. Finally, a tree line ecotone developed around the cave that was on its turn replaced by alpine communities during the past 2,000 years.

Synthesis. The long‐term Pyrenean tree line ecotone sensitivity suggests that rising temperatures will trigger future P. uncinata and Betula expansions to higher elevations, replacing arctic–alpine plant species. Climate change is causing the rapid melting of the cave ice; rescue investigations would be urgently needed to exploit its unique ecological information.