bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of accessibility design patterns with the software implementation process of ISO/IEC 29110
Authors: Sanchez‐Gordon Sandra , Sánchez‐Gordón Mary , Yilmaz Murat , O'Connor Rory V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Web Content Accessibility Guidelines was developed by World Wide Web Consortium with a goal of providing a single shared standard for web content accessibility that meets the needs of individuals, organizations, and governments. Given that there is a large percentage of very small entities that develop software who also utilize the ISO/IEC software process standard, the purpose of this study is the development of software design patterns for users with visual disabilities. As a result, four accessibility design patterns are defined: Authentication adapter, Blindness adapter, Dichromatic color vision adapter, and Blurry vision adapter. These patterns will help to improve the design of the web applications built using them while being compliant with the ISO/IEC 29110 standard. The use of design patterns also enables the transfer of design experience to programming practices and improves the software documentation. To validate the set of patterns, an online course for Spanish speakers was developed, and the evaluation was carried out using simulators, automated tools, experts, and users. Simulators and automated tools showed no accessibility errors and experts evaluated 10 heuristics principles and did not identify any severity issues. Taken together, our results provide positive evidence that users with visual disabilities could benefit from the proposed features.
Evaluating the effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on morphology, thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of multicomponent blend systems based on polylactic acid/Starch/Polycaprolactone
Authors: Yavarpanah Shakiba , Seyfi Javad , Davachi Seyed Mohammad , Hejazi Iman , Khonakdar Hossein Ali 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA hybrid of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and encapsulated triclosan (LATC) was utilized to improve the overall performance of Polylactic acid/Starch/Polycaprolactone ternary blends. The morphological evaluations demonstrated that the starch component becomes gelatinized during the melt mixing process in the absence of LATC particles. However, once encapsulated triclosan particles were also added to the formulation, the granular structure of starch phase was retained indicating no gelatinization during the preparation process. In the case of nanocomposite samples, only 1 wt% of HA nanoparticles was found to exhibit a uniform distribution throughout the whole system whereas the higher concentrations resulted in the aggregation of nanoparticles dividing the system into HA‐poor and HA‐rich areas. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was utilized to prove that those HA‐rich areas were formed around the starch domains due to the strong chemical affinity. Moreover, TGA also showed that only 1 wt% of HA nanoparticles acts efficiently in delaying the initiation of thermal decomposition. Dynamic mechanical analysis results also confirmed that HA nanoparticles had a strong tendency to be absorbed onto the starch domains within the system. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:E83–E90, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
A combined growth and remodeling framework for the approximation of residual stresses in arterial walls
Authors: Zahn Anna , Balzani Daniel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA combined model of multiplicative growth and fiber remodeling in the sense of a reorientation of the collagen fibers is proposed for the simulation of adaptation processes in arterial tissues, where both mechanisms are supposed to be governed by the intensity and the direction of the principal stresses. The generalized formulation of the growth tensor includes up to three perpendicular anisotropy directions, which are defined based on the local principal stress state. Remodeling is incorporated in a straightforward manner by formulating a scalar evolution equation for the angle between the existing and the target fiber orientation vectors. In numerical examples on idealized arterial segments, the fiber remodeling algorithm is illustrated and a comparison of different approaches for the growth tensor with respect to stresses in the loaded state, fiber angles and residual stresses is conducted.
Effects of Thoracic Epidural Anaesthesia on the Serosal Microcirculation of the Human Small Intestine
Authors: Tavy A. L. M. , de Bruin A. F. J. , van der Sloot K. , Boerma E. C. , Ince C. , Noordzij P. G. , Boerma D. , van Iterson M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) on splanchnic blood flow during abdominal surgery remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the hemodynamic effects of TEA resulted in microcirculatory alterations to the intestinal serosa, which was visualized using incident dark‐field (IDF) videomicroscopy.MethodsAn observational cohort study was performed. In 18 patients, the microcirculation of the intestinal serosa was visualized with IDF. Microcirculatory and hemodynamic measurements were performed prior to (T1) and after administering a bolus of levobupivacaine (T2). If correction of blood pressure was indicated, a third measurement was performed (T3). The following microcirculatory parameters were calculated: microvascular flow index, proportion of perfused vessels, perfused vessel density and total vessel density. Data are presented as median [IQR].ResultsMean arterial pressure decreased from 73 mmHg (68–83) at T1 to 63 mmHg (±11) at T2 (p = 0.001) with a systolic blood pressure of 114 mmHg (98–128) and 87 (81–97), respectively (p = 0.001). The microcirculatory parameters of the bowel serosa, however, were unaltered. In seven patients, blood pressure was corrected to baseline values from a MAP of 56 mmHg (55–57), while microcirculatory parameters remained constant.ConclusionWe examined the effects of TEA on the intestinal serosal microcirculation during abdominal surgery using IDF imaging for the first time in patients. Regardless of a marked decrease in hemodynamics, microcirculatory parameters of the bowel serosa were not significantly affected.Trial registry numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02688946.
Implementation of Current ENETS Guidelines for Surgery of Small (≤2 cm) Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms in the German Surgical Community: An Analysis of the Prospective DGAV StuDoQ|Pancreas Registry
Authors: Mintziras Ioannis , Keck Tobias , Werner Jens , Fichtner‐Feigl Stefan , Wittel Uwe , Senninger Norbert , Vowinkel Thorsten , Köninger Jörg , Anthuber Matthias , Geißler Bernd , Bartsch Detlef Klaus ,   for the StuDoQ|Pancreas study group of the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV), Ghadimi Michael , Post Stefan , Wilhelm Torsten J. , Germer Christoph‐Thomas , Uhl Waldemar , Belyaev Orlin , Kraus Thomas , Witzigmann Helmut , Hommann Merten , Klar Ernst , Glanemann Matthias , Gutt Carsten , Manger Thomas , Krämling Hans‐Jörg , Kalff Jörg C. , Glowka Tim R. , Nüssler Natascha C. , Ritz Jörg‐Peter , Padberg Winfried , Kroesen Anton J. , Stier Albrecht , Lorenz Dietmar , Bechstein Wolf Otto , Oldhafer Karl‐Jürgen , Eisold Sven , Tröbs Ute , Reith Hans‐Bernd , Schumacher Franz‐Josef , Wagler Elke , Farkas Stefan , Klammer Frank , Schwarzbach Matthias , Niedergethmann Marco , Runkel Norbert , Piso Pompiliu , Lorenz Eric P. M. , Mönch Christian , Bieck Steffanie , Grützmann Robert , Brunner Max , Friess Helmut 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundENETS guidelines recommend parenchyma‐sparing procedures without formal lymphadenectomy, ideally with a minimally invasive laparoscopic approach for sporadic small pNENs (≤2 cm). Non‐functioning (NF) small pNENs can also be observed. The aim of the study was to evaluate how these recommendations are implemented in the German surgical community.MethodsData from the prospective StuDoQ|Pancreas registry of the German Society of General and Visceral Surgery were analyzed regarding patient’s demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, histology and perioperative outcomes.ResultsEighty‐four (29.2%) of 287 patients had sporadic pNENs ≤2 cm. Forty‐three (51.2%) patients were male, and the mean age at diagnosis was 58.8 ± 15.6 years. Twenty‐five (29.8%) pNENs were located in the pancreatic head. The diagnosis pNEN was preoperatively established in 53 (65%) of 84 patients. Sixty‐two (73.8%) patients had formal pancreatic resections, including partial pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy (21.4%). Only 22 (26.2%) patients underwent parenchyma‐sparing resections and 23 (27.4%) patients had minimally invasive procedures. A lymphadenectomy was performed in 63 (75.4%) patients, and lymph node metastases were diagnosed in 6 (7.2%) patients. Eighty‐two (97.7%) patients had an R0 resection. Sixty (72%) tumors were classified G1, 24 (28%) tumors G2. Twenty‐seven (32.2%) of 84 patients had postoperative relevant Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3 complications. Thirty‐ and 90‐day mortalities were 2.4% and 3.6%.ConclusionsENETS guidelines for surgery of small pNENs are yet not well accepted in the German surgical community, since the rate of formal resections with standard lymphadenectomy is high and the minimally invasive approach is underused. The attitude to operate small NF tumors seems to be rather aggressive.
Apolipoproteins and Alzheimer's pathophysiology
Authors: Koch Manja , DeKosky Steven T. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. , Furtado Jeremy D. , Lopez Oscar L. , Kuller Lewis H. , Mackey Rachel H. , Hughes Timothy M. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Jensen Majken K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionApolipoproteins of demonstrated importance to brain cholesterol and ß‐amyloid metabolism may serve as novel risk markers for Alzheimer's pathology.MethodsWe measured apolipoproteins (apoE, apoJ, apoA‐I, and apoC‐III and their uniquely defined subspecies) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in plasma collected in 2000 and 2008 from 176 dementia‐free participants of the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study and related these to ß‐amyloid on positron emission tomography scans, hippocampal volume, and white matter lesion volume in 2009.ResultsHigher apoE was associated with lower ß‐amyloid deposition. Despite apoA‐I being unrelated to hippocampal volume, subspecies of apoA‐I containing or lacking apoJ or apoC‐III showed opposite associations with hippocampal volume. Higher apoJ and apoE lacking apoJ were associated with higher hippocampal volume and higher white matter lesion volume, respectively. Associations were similar in participants without cognitive impairment or APOE ε4 noncarrier and when analyzing apolipoproteins in 2000–2002.DiscussionApolipoproteins may be important minimally invasive biomarkers indicative of Alzheimer's pathology.
The Context and Consequences of Sexual Harassment in Southeastern Archaeology
Authors: Meyers Maureen S. , Horton Elizabeth T. , Boudreaux Edmond A. , Carmody Stephen B. , Wright Alice P. , Dekle Victoria G. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn 2014, the Southeastern Archaeological Conference (SEAC) conducted a sexual harassment survey of its membership. The survey's goal was to investigate whether sexual harassment had occurred among its members, and if so, to document the rate and demographics of harassment. Our findings include a high (66%) level of harassment, primarily among women, with an additional 13% of respondents reporting sexual assault. This article provides an overview of the survey and responses. Additionally, we analyze survey data aimed at capturing change over time in harassment and assault, correlation between field and non-field tasks and harassment and assault, and correlation between gender of supervisor and harassment and assault. We also discuss the effects of harassment and assault on careers. We conclude with suggestions for decreasing the rate of harassment and assault and urge professional archaeological organizations to document sexual harassment and assault to mitigate the effects on their members and on the discipline as a whole.
Explaining the Paradox of Plebiscites
Authors: Qvortrup Matt , O’Leary Brendan , Wintrobe Ronald 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent referendums show that autocratic regimes consult voters even if the outcome is a foregone conclusion. They have been doing so with increasing frequency since Napoleon consulted French citizens in 1800. Why and when do dictatorial regimes hold referendums they are certain they will win? Analysing the 162 referendums held in autocratic and non-free states in the period 1800–2012, the article shows that referendums with a 99% yes-vote tend to occur in autocracies with high ethnic fractionalization and, in part, in sultanistic (tinpot or tyrannical) regimes, but generally not in communist (totalitarian) states. An explanation is proposed for this variation.
The Precise Alignment and Auto-fusion of Correlative Cryo-SXT and Cryo-FM.
Authors: Bai Haobo , Guan Yong , Chen Liang , Liu Gang , Tian Yangchao 
Published: August 2018

Abstract:Cell's sub-cellular architecture and function can be revealed by Cryo soft X-ray tomography (Cryo-SXT) and Cryo-fluorescence microscopy (Cryo-FM) respectively. To understand the connection between cells' structure and function, correlative Cryo-SXT and Cryo-FM has been applied. Here we introduce a semiautomatic precise alignment and fusion technology of Cryo-SXT and Cryo-fluorescence microscopy.
Constraint-Based Inference in Probabilistic Logic Programs
Authors: NAMPALLY ARUN , ZHANG TIMOTHY , RAMAKRISHNAN C. R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProbabilistic Logic Programs (PLPs) generalize traditional logic programs and allow the encoding of models combining logical structure and uncertainty. In PLP, inference is performed by summarizing the possible worlds which entail the query in a suitable data structure, and using this data structure to compute the answer probability. Systems such as ProbLog, PITA, etc., use propositional data structures like explanation graphs, BDDs, SDDs, etc., to represent the possible worlds. While this approach saves inference time due to substructure sharing, there are a number of problems where a more compact data structure is possible. We propose a data structure called Ordered Symbolic Derivation Diagram (OSDD) which captures the possible worlds by means of constraint formulas. We describe a program transformation technique to construct OSDDs via query evaluation, and give procedures to perform exact and approximate inference over OSDDs. Our approach has two key properties. Firstly, the exact inference procedure is a generalization of traditional inference, and results in speedup over the latter in certain settings. Secondly, the approximate technique is a generalization of likelihood weighting in Bayesian Networks, and allows us to perform sampling-based inference with lower rejection rate and variance. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques through experiments on several problems.
SOX2 recruits KLF4 to regulate nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling
Authors: Tang Jianming , Zhong Guansheng , Wu Jianhui , Chen Haiyan , Jia Yongshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstactSOX2 is a transcription factor that contributes to transcription modification and cancer, but the mechanism by which SOX2 regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation is not well understood. Here, we identify a SOX2 signaling pathway that facilitates nasopharyngeal carcinoma, where it is upregulated. SOX2 expression was associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient survival. SOX2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenesis in an subcutaneous mouse xenograft model system. Six hundred and ninety-nine candidate SOX2 downstream dysregulated genes were identified in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through cDNA microarray analysis. SOX2 recruited the nuclear transcription factor KLF4 to bind to the PIK3CA promoter upregulate PIK3CA expression, acting to enhance PI3K/AKT signaling and tumorigenesis by upregulating PIK3CA expression. Besides, overexpressing activated AKT or PIK3CA rescued the growth inhibition of cells due to SOX2 knockdown. Together, our study suggest that SOX2 exhibits oncogenic properties and may be a reliable molecular biomarker in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Targeting SOX2 might be a promising treatment strategy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment.
Integrative analysis of fitness and metabolic effects of plasmids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
Authors: San Millan Alvaro , Toll-Riera Macarena , Qi Qin , Betts Alex , Hopkinson Richard J , McCullagh James , MacLean R Craig 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mediated by the spread of plasmids fuels evolution in prokaryotes. Although plasmids provide bacteria with new adaptive genes, they also produce physiological alterations that often translate into a reduction in bacterial fitness. The fitness costs associated with plasmids represent an important limit to plasmid maintenance in bacterial communities, but their molecular origins remain largely unknown. In this work, we combine phenomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics to study the fitness effects produced by a collection of diverse plasmids in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Using this approach, we scan the physiological changes imposed by plasmids and test the generality of some main mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the cost of HGT, including increased biosynthetic burden, reduced translational efficiency, and impaired chromosomal replication. Our results suggest that the fitness effects of plasmids have a complex origin, since none of these mechanisms could individually provide a general explanation for the cost of plasmid carriage. Interestingly, our results also showed that plasmids alter the expression of a common set of metabolic genes in PAO1, and produce convergent changes in host cell metabolism. These surprising results suggest that there is a common metabolic response to plasmids in P. aeruginosa PAO1.
Distribution and population structure of endobacteria in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at North Atlantic dunes
Authors: Lastovetsky Olga A , Ahn Ezekiel , Mondo Stephen J , Toomer Kevin H , Zhang Aolin , Johnson Lynn M , Pawlowska Teresa E 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycotina), in addition to forming symbioses with the majority of land plants, harbor vertically transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria ‘Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum’ (CaGg) and ‘Candidatus Moeniiplasma glomeromycotorum’ (CaMg). CaGg is a nonessential mutualist of AMF, whereas the lifestyle of CaMg is unknown. To start unraveling the interactions between AMF and their endosymbionts in nature, we examined diversity and distribution of AMF-associated endobacteria in North Atlantic dunes at Cape Cod. Of nearly 500 foredune AMF isolates successfully genotyped during a systematic study, 94% were classified as Gigasporaceae. Two percent of all AMF spores harbored CaGg, and 88% contained CaMg. CaGg was found only in the Gigasporaceae, whereas CaMg was present in Gigasporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, and Diversisporaceae. Incidence of CaGg across AMF was not affected by any of the environmental parameters measured, whereas distribution of CaMg in one of the fungal hosts was impacted by plant density. CaMg populations associated with AMF individuals displayed high levels of genetic diversity but no evidence of gene flow, suggesting that host physical proximity is not sufficient to facilitate horizontal transmission of CaMg. Finally, in addition to a novel lineage of CaGg, we discovered that AMF likely harbor Burkholderia-related bacteria with close phylogenetic affinity to free-living Burkholderia and endobacteria of other Mucoromycota fungi.
Local structure in deeply supercooled liquids exhibits growing lengthscales and dynamical correlations
Authors: Hallett James E. , Turci Francesco , Royall C. Patrick 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlasses are among the most widely used of everyday materials, yet the process by which a liquid’s viscosity increases by 14 decades to become a glass remains unclear, as often contradictory theories provide equally good descriptions of the available data. Knowledge of emergent lengthscales and higher-order structure could help resolve this, but this requires time-resolved measurements of dense particle coordinates—previously only obtained over a limited time interval. Here we present an experimental study of a model colloidal system over a dynamic window significantly larger than previous measurements, revealing structural ordering more strongly linked to dynamics than previously found. Furthermore we find that immobile regions and domains of local structure grow concurrently with density, and that these regions have low configurational entropy. We thus show that local structure plays an important role at deep supercooling, consistent with a thermodynamic interpretation of the glass transition rather than a principally dynamic description.
Surveying silicon nitride nanopores for glycomics and heparin quality assurance
Authors: Karawdeniya Buddini Iroshika , Bandara Y. M. Nuwan D. Y. , Nichols Jonathan W. , Chevalier Robert B. , Dwyer Jason R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPolysaccharides have key biological functions and can be harnessed for therapeutic roles, such as the anticoagulant heparin. Their complexity—e.g., >100 monosaccharides with variety in linkage and branching structure—significantly complicates analysis compared to other biopolymers such as DNA and proteins. More, and improved, analysis tools have been called for, and here we demonstrate that solid-state silicon nitride nanopore sensors and tuned sensing conditions can be used to reliably detect native polysaccharides and enzymatic digestion products, differentiate between different polysaccharides in straightforward assays, provide new experimental insights into nanopore electrokinetics, and uncover polysaccharide properties. We show that nanopore sensing allows us to easily differentiate between a clinical heparin sample and one spiked with the contaminant that caused deaths in 2008 when its presence went undetected by conventional assays. The work reported here lays a foundation to further explore polysaccharide characterization and develop assays using thin-film solid-state nanopore sensors.
Prevalence of Transmitted HIV drug resistance in antiretroviral treatment naïve newly diagnosed individuals in China
Authors: Zhao Shuai , Feng Yi , Hu Jing , Li Yang , Zuo Zhongbao , Yan Jing , Zhang Jing , Cao Pi , Xu Wei , Li Fan , Li Yuxueyun , Liao Lingjie , Ruan Yuhua , Shao Yiming , Xing Hui 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTo investigate the prevalence and temporal trend of transmitted drug resistance (TDR), a nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among 5627 ART naïve newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals in 2015 in China. Totally 4704 partial pol sequences were obtained. Among them, the most common HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF) or subtype was CRF01_AE (39.0%), followed by CRF07_BC (35.6%), CRF08_BC (8.9%), and subtype B (5.5%). TDR mutations were found in 3.6% of the cases, with 1.1% harboring TDR to protease inhibitors (PIs), 1.3% having TDR to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and 1.6% to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of TDR, as compared with the results of another nationwide survey performed among ART naïve HIV-infected people in between 2004 and 2005, except in the 16–25 year-old group. In addition, four drug-resistant transmission clusters were identified in phylogenetic trees, accounting for 6.2% (9/145) of the individuals with TDR. Although the rate of TDR remained relatively low in the past 10 years in China, surveillance is still needed to monitor the trend of TDR and to optimize the first-line regimens.