bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’amministrazione dei sacramenti nella prima evangelizzazione missionaria dell’America indigena : osservazioni e commenti da un punto di vista antropologico
Authors: Colajanni Antonino 
Published: April 2018

Partendo da alcune considerazioni sui rapporti tra antropologia e ricerche storiche, si evidenziano alcuni caratteri dell’incontro-scontro tra diverse visioni del mondo e culture, che mette alla prova la capacità dei missionari di trasmettere in maniera efficace il messaggio evangelico. E ciò anche per la carenza di norme specifiche provenienti dalla Chiesa romana, nel campo dell’amministrazione di sacramenti come il battesimo, l’eucaristia, la confessione, il matrimonio.
Viene proposta, per illustrare concretamente la difficile opera di gestione degli aspetti rituali quotidiani del messaggio cristiano, una comparazione tra tre fonti diverse, che trattano il tema dei sacramenti nel contesto delle missioni americane nel ‘500-‘600. La prima fonte è il De produranda indorum salute del Gesuita José de Acosta, del 1588 ; la seconda è il De las costumbres y conversión de los indios del Perù. Memorial a Felipe, IIo, dello stesso anno 1588, del sacerdote Bartolomé Álvarez. Mentre Acosta critica la mancanza, nei missionari, di impegno e di attitudini aperte nei confronti degli indigeni, nonché la mancanza di conoscenza delle lingue locali, Álvarez si lamenta del mancato appoggio che i preti residenti in zone periferiche ricevono dalla Chiesa ufficiale e dagli organi del Vicereame, e critica piuttosto gli indigeni andini, che a suo vedere sono ancora – dopo decenni dalla Conquista – dei pagani irriducibili. Acosta affronta le questioni a un livello metodologico-teorico e si esprime a favore di una riforma radicale dell’azione missionaria, proprio a partire dall’analisi della difficile gestione dei sacramenti nell’azione quotidiana ; in Álvarez invece prevale la testimonianza diretta, e pessimistica, di un protagonista del mondo marginale della Chiesa missionaria, che si muove al di fuori di un ordine religioso e completamente abbandonato a sé stesso dalla inefficienza della chiesa secolare.
Infine viene analizzata l’opera, più tarda, di un giurista come Alonso de la Peña Montenegro, che nel 1668 scrive un ponderoso compendio di norme per l’azione quotidiana dei parroci, nel quale la gestione dei sacramenti appare come tema centrale e peculiare (Itinerario para párrocos de indios). Quest’opera conclude un cammino storico accidentato di quasi due secoli sull’azione della chiesa missionaria nel campo dell’amministrazione dei sacramenti. 1668 scrive un ponderoso compendio di norme per l’azione quotidiana dei parroci, nel quale la gestione dei sacramenti appare come tema centrale e peculiare (Itinerario para párrocos de indios). Quest’opera conclude un cammino storico accidentato di quasi due secoli sull’azione della chiesa missionaria nel campo dell’amministrazione dei sacramenti.
La capitale e le élites urbane nel Regno di Napoli tra XVI e XVIII secolo
Authors: Ventura Piero 
Published: April 2018

Nel saggio si illustrano i risultati di un percorso di ricerca sulle élites urbane del regno di Napoli nella prima età moderna. Si approfondisce il ruolo giocato dalla città capitale nei confronti delle élites aristocratiche e popolari dei centri urbani del regno, per le quali quelle della capitale rappresentavano un modello sociale e politico. Attraverso fonti prodotte dalle magistrature centrali di governo, si evidenzia inoltre la cura nel preservare gli equilibri politici locali rispetto al sistema dei seggi, che sanciva la separazione di ceto, in alcune delle principali comunità del regno, e conferiva alle famiglie che ne facevano parte le prerogative del governo urbano.
Si illustrano, per alcuni casi, linguaggi e dinamiche politiche di gruppi sociali emergenti, nel corso del XVIII secolo, anche nelle pressioni per accedere ai seggi.
L’analisi si concentra quindi sulle strategie per costruire alleanze e perseguire disegni egemonici, in particolare riguardo ad alcune famiglie dei seggi aristocratici di Napoli. Attraverso le votazioni del seggio di Montagna, dal 1632 al 1659, si è constatato il protagonismo dei Sanfelice, dei Muscettola, dei Carmignano. Il loro attivismo nel condizionare e determinare la vita del seggio era anche più necessario per cercare di bilanciare l’egemonia, espressa a livello cittadino, dei seggi napoletani più potenti e prestigiosi come Nido e Capuana. tale rappresentavano un modello sociale e politico. Attraverso fonti prodotte dalle magistrature centrali di governo, si evidenzia inoltre la cura nel preservare gli equilibri politici locali rispetto al sistema dei seggi, che sanciva la separazione di ceto, in alcune delle principali comunità del regno, e conferiva alle famiglie che ne facevano parte le prerogative del governo urbano. Si illustrano, per alcuni casi, linguaggi e dinamiche politiche di gruppi sociali emergenti, nel corso del XVIII secolo, anche nelle pressioni per accedere ai seggi. L’analisi si concentra quindi sulle strategie per costruire alleanze e perseguire disegni egemonici, in particolare riguardo ad alcune famiglie dei seggi aristocratici di Napoli. Attraverso le votazioni del seggio di Montagna, dal 1632 al 1659, si è constatato il protagonismo dei Sanfelice, dei Muscettola, dei Carmignano. Il loro attivismo nel condizionare e determinare la vita del seggio era anche più necessario per cercare di bilanciare l’egemonia, espressa a livello cittadino, dei seggi napoletani più potenti e prestigiosi come Nido e Capuana.
Stellar Parameters and Radial Velocities of Hot Stars in the Carina Nebula
Authors: Hanes Richard J. , McSwain M. Virginia , Povich Matthew S. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The Carina Nebula is an active star-forming region in the southern sky that is of particular interest due to the presence of a large number of massive stars in a wide array of evolutionary stages. Here, we present the results of the spectroscopic analysis of 82 B-type stars and 33 O-type stars that were observed in 2013 and 2014. For 82 B-type stars without line blending, we fit model spectra from the Tlusty BSTAR2006 grid to the observed profiles of Hγ and He λλ4026, 4388, and 4471 to measure the effective temperatures, surface gravities, and projected rotational velocities. We also measure the masses, ages, radii, bolometric luminosities, and distances of these stars. From the radial velocities measured in our sample, we find 31 single lined spectroscopic binary candidates. We find a high dispersion of radial velocities among our sample stars, and we argue that the Carina Nebula stellar population has not yet relaxed and become virialized.
A Data-driven Study of RR Lyrae Near-IR Light Curves: Principal Component Analysis, Robust Fits, and Metallicity Estimates
Authors: Hajdu Gergely , Dékány István , Catelan Márcio , Grebel Eva K. , Jurcsik Johanna 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
RR Lyrae variables are widely used tracers of Galactic halo structure and kinematics, but they can also serve to constrain the distribution of the old stellar population in the Galactic bulge. With the aim of improving their near-infrared photometric characterization, we investigate their near-infrared light curves, as well as the empirical relationships between their light curve and metallicities using machine learning methods. We introduce a new, robust method for the estimation of the light-curve shapes, hence the average magnitudes of RR Lyrae variables in the K
S band, by utilizing the first few principal components (PCs) as basis vectors, obtained from the PC analysis of a training set of light curves. Furthermore, we use the amplitudes of these PCs to predict the light-curve shape of each star in the J-band, allowing us to precisely determine their average magnitudes (hence colors), even in cases where only one J measurement is available. Finally, we demonstrate that the K
S-band light-curve parameters of RR Lyrae variables, together with the period, allow the estimation of the metallicity of individual stars with an accuracy of ∼0.2–0.25 dex, providing valuable chemical information about old stellar populations bearing RR Lyrae variables. The methods presented here can be straightforwardly adopted for other classes of variable stars, bands, or for the estimation of other physical quantities.
Can a Bright and Energetic X-Ray Pulsar Be Hiding Amid the Debris of SN 1987A?
Authors: Esposito Paolo , Rea Nanda , Lazzati Davide , Matsuura Mikako , Perna Rosalba , Pons José A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The mass of the stellar precursor of supernova (SN) 1987A and the burst of neutrinos observed at the moment of the explosion are consistent with the core-collapse formation of a neutron star. However, no compelling evidence for the presence of a compact object of any kind in SN 1987A has been found yet in any band of the electromagnetic spectrum, prompting questions on whether the neutron star survived and, if it did, on its properties. Beginning with an analysis of recent Chandra observations, here we appraise the current observational situation. We derived limits on the X-ray luminosity of a compact object with a nonthermal, Crab-pulsar-like spectrum of the order of ≈(1–5) × 1035 erg s−1, corresponding to limits on the rotational energy loss of a possible X-ray pulsar in SN 1987A of ≈(0.5–1.5) × 1038 erg s−1. However, a much brighter X-ray source cannot be excluded if, as is likely, it is enshrouded in a cloud of absorbing matter with a metallicity similar to that expected in the outer layers of a massive star toward the end of its life. We found that other limits obtained from various arguments and observations in other energy ranges either are unbinding or allow a similar maximum luminosity of the order of ≈1035 erg s−1. We conclude that while a pulsar alike the one in the Crab Nebula in both luminosity and spectrum is hardly compatible with the observations, there is ample space for an “ordinary” X-ray-emitting young neutron star, born with normal initial spin period, temperature, and magnetic field, to be hiding inside the evolving remnant of SN 1987A.
Transition écologique et liberté
Authors: Fragnière Augustin 
Published: April 2018

Écologie et liberté individuelle sont-elles deux valeurs contradictoires, comme certains auteurs aiment à l’affirmer, ou sont-elles au contraire compatibles, voire complémentaires ? L’article explore cette question en utilisant les méthodes de la philosophie politique contemporaine, et en confrontant trois conceptions différentes de la liberté individuelle à la notion de limite écologique. Il conclut que si certaines conceptions de la liberté semblent en effet peu compatibles avec la transition vers une société à faible empreinte écologique, l’idéal néo-républicain d’une liberté comme absence de domination est beaucoup plus prometteur. Le néo-républicanisme nous permet de penser une réduction des flux de matière et d’énergie compatible avec la liberté des citoyens, du moins telle qu’elle est comprise dans cette tradition de pensée.
Réconcilier l’éthique environnementale et l’écologie politique : une analyse méta-éthique
Authors: Hess Gérald 
Published: April 2018

L’éthique environnementale et l’écologie politique sont deux courants de la pensée écologique qui visent un même but : une préservation de l’environnement à la mesure des menaces globales qui l’assaillent. Les moyens envisagés par ces deux champs d’étude sont pourtant très différents, en raison de leurs présupposés, de leur questionnement ou de leurs enjeux respectifs. L’objet de cet article consiste à mettre en perspective quelques-unes de ces différences à partir du tournant constructiviste et pragmatiste de l’écologie politique et à montrer à quelles conditions une complémentarité entre l’éthique environnementale et l’écologie politique est possible. Envisager une telle complémentarité débouche finalement sur la nécessité de penser la communauté politique autrement – comme une « communauté écouménique » – avec le souci d’y intégrer à la fois l’éthique, le politique et l’expérience vécue.
La gestion environnementale à l’heure de l’Anthropocène
Authors: Schlosberg David 
Published: April 2018

Dans le film Les bêtes du Sud sauvage , le personnage principal, Hushuppy, expose le dilemme que représente la gestion environnementale dans l’Anthropocène : « Pour les animaux qui n’avaient pas de père pour les déposer dans le bateau, c’était déjà la fin du monde ». L’Anthropocène ne reculera pas et la question centrale de la gestion environnementale sera de savoir si nous pouvons développer des moyens productifs et féconds pour gérer de façon durable et réflexive les écosystèmes, les habitats et les besoins humains. Cet article examine quatre fondements normatifs possibles pour la gestion par l’homme d’un environnement qui change de climat. Les conceptions traditionnelles d’une gestion fondées sur la préservation ou restauration d’un passé, aussi bien que l’idée des limites et des frontières écologiques, sont fortement problématiques dans l’Anthropocène, que ce soit pour des raisons écologiques ou politiques. Par ailleurs, l’ hubris de l’homme prospère via l’intervention technologique, un prométhéisme nouvellement renforcé est aujourd’hui soutenu de façon innovante. Je propose une quatrième voie potentielle, une conception de la réceptivité écologique ou une politique de la vue (« a politics of sight ») qui permet de rendre visible l’immersion humaine au sein des systèmes naturels. Comme « la vue » est une caractéristique de l’Anthropocène, cette forme de réceptivité pourrait être prometteuse en termes de gestion environnementale.
Efficacy and Mechanism of Antitumor Activity of an Antibody Targeting Transferrin Receptor 1 in Mouse Models of Human Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Leoh Lai Sum , Kim Yoon Kyung , Candelaria Pierre V. , Martínez-Maza Otoniel , Daniels-Wells Tracy R. , Penichet Manuel L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) is an attractive target for Ab-mediated cancer therapy. We previously developed a mouse/human chimeric IgG3 Ab (ch128.1) targeting human TfR1, which exhibits direct in vitro cytotoxicity against certain human malignant B cells through TfR1 degradation and iron deprivation. ch128.1 also demonstrates exceptional antitumor activity against the B cell malignancy multiple myeloma (MM) in xenograft models of SCID-Beige mice bearing either disseminated ARH-77 or KMS-11 cells in an early disease setting. Interestingly, this activity is observed even against KMS-11 cells, which show no sensitivity to the direct cytotoxic activity of ch128.1 in vitro. To understand the contributions of the Fc fragment, we generated a ch128.1 mutant with impaired binding to FcγRs and to the complement component C1q, which retains binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. We now report that this mutant Ab does not show antitumor activity in these two MM models, indicating a crucial role of the Fc fragment in the antitumor activity of ch128.1, which can be attributed to effector functions (Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Ab-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis, and/or complement-dependent cytotoxicity). Interestingly, in the KMS-11 model, complement depletion does not affect protection, whereas macrophage depletion does. Consistent with this observation, we found that ch128.1 induces Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and Ab-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis against KMS-11 cells in the presence of murine bone marrow–derived macrophages. Finally, we found that ch128.1 therapy effectively increases survival in a late MM disease setting. Our results suggest that macrophages play a major role in ch128.1-mediated antitumor protection in our models and that ch128.1 can be effective against human B cell malignancies such as MM.
‘He should feel your pain’: Patient insights on patient–provider communication in Rwanda
Authors: Cubaka Vincent K. , Schriver Michael , Kayitare Janvier B. , Cotton Phil , Maindal Helle T. , Nyirazinyoye Laetitia , Kallestrup Per 
Published: April 2018

Background: Patient–provider communication is an interpersonal interaction between a patient and a health care provider.Objective: This study explored patients’ communication preferences and perceptions on what factors influence the patient–provider communication in primary health care settings in Rwanda.Methods: In-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 individuals including 8 with limited literacy. A thematic inductive analysis was used.Results: Patients valued communication with providers and expressed the need for interacting with caring, empathic providers who can share all the information they want and involve them in their own care. Health literacy and power issues were factors that may influence patient–provider communication. Patients with limited literacy appeared to rely highly on health care providers for making decisions about and managing their health care.Conclusion: The expressed preferences, including those of patients with limited literacy, aligned well with the patient-centred care model. There were indications of a power imbalance weighing on the provider’s side. Although patients with limited literacy were reliant on providers for decision-making, they were ready to be more involved in the care, suggesting a potential for improved patient involvement even for patients with paternalistic care preferences. These patients’ insights can impact policies and curricula to optimise clinical practice. Generated knowledge will contribute to the indispensable yet underdeveloped field of health communication in sub-Saharan Africa.Practice implications: Findings call for more inclusion of patient perspectives in the patient–provider encounter. This could require more training of professionals and research on the topic, both in Rwanda and in other regions.
Genotype-phenotype relationship of CCL5 in pulmonary tuberculosis infection in Sahariya tribe
Authors: Mishra Gunja , Poojary Satish S. , Jain Sanjay , Tiwari Pramod Kumar 
Published: April 2018

Background & objectives:

Sahariya, a primitive tribe of Central India, has shown significantly increased incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Our previous study on Sahariya showed a significant association of −403G>A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CCL5 with susceptibility to PTB. Hence, this study was aimed to analyze a genotype-phenotype relationship of this disease-associated SNP to develop a potential diagnostic marker for TB in this tribe.

Methods:
The present study was carried out on 70 plasma samples from Sahariya tribe, wherein the plasma CCL5 level was determined using a commercially available ELISA kit.

Results:
The level of CCL5 decreased significantly in patients who were on therapy/completed their therapy [inactive TB patient/inactive PTB (IPTB)], particularly with AA genotype of −403G>A (P=0.046). The level, with AA genotype, was also found to gradually decrease in sputum 3+ and 1+/2+ than in sputum-negative samples. Similarly, the CCL5 level was found to be higher in sputum-positive/active TB patients than in IPTB group and healthy controls.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results suggested that the CCL5 level was influenced collectively not only by the genotypes of −403G>A SNP and bacillary load but also by the treatment. Thus, CCL5 may be considered for the development of a diagnostic marker and also as an indicator of recovery.
Association of −330 interleukin-2 gene polymorphism with oral cancer
Authors: Singh Prithvi Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Ahmad Mohammad Kaleem , Gupta Rajni , Mahdi Abbas Ali , Jain Amita , Bogra Jaishri , Chandra Girish 
Published: April 2018

Background & objectives:
Cytokines play an important role in the development of cancer. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytokine genes have been reported to be associated with the development and severity of inflammatory diseases and cancer predisposition. This study was undertaken to evaluate a possible association of interleukin 2 (IL-2) (− 330A>C) gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to oral cancer.

Methods:
The SNP in IL-2 (−330A>C) gene was genotyped in 300 oral cancer patients and in similar number of healthy volunteers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism and the association of the gene with the disease was evaluated.

Results:
IL-2 (−330A>C) gene polymorphism was significantly associated with oral cancer whereas it was neither associated with clinicopathological status nor with cancer pain. The AC heterozygous genotype was significantly associated with oral cancer patients as compared to controls [odds ratio (OR): 3.0; confidence interval (CI): 2.14-4.20; P<0.001]. The C allele frequency was also significantly associated with oral cancer (OR: 1.80; CI: 1.39-2.33; P<0.001). IL-2 (−330A>C) gene polymorphism was also associated with oral cancer in tobacco smokers and chewers.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed that oral cancer patients had significantly higher frequency of AA genotype but significantly lower frequency of AC genotype and C allele compared to controls. The IL-2 AC genotype and C allele of IL-2 (−330A>C) gene polymorphisms could be potential protective factors and might reduce the risk of oral cancer in Indian population.
Out-of-pocket expenditure for hospitalization in Haryana State of India
Authors: Sharma Deepshikha , Prinja Shankar , Aggarwal Arun Kumar , Bahuguna Pankaj , Sharma Atul , Rana Saroj Kumar 
Published: April 2018

Background & objectives:
India aspires to achieve universal health coverage, which requires ensuring financial risk protection (FRP). This study was done to assess the extent of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure and FRP for hospitalization in Haryana State, India. Further, the determinants for FRP were also evaluated.

Methods:
Data collected as a part of a household level survey conducted in Haryana ‘Concurrent Evaluation of National Rural Health Mission: Haryana Health Survey’ were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was undertaken to assess socio-demographic characteristics, hospitalization rate, extent and determinants of OOP expenditure and FRP. Prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) (more than 40% of non-food expenditure) and impoverishment (Int$ 1.25) were estimated. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess determinants of FRP.

Results:
Hospitalization rate was found to be 3106 persons or 3307 episodes per 100,000 population. Median OOP expenditure on hospitalization was 8000 (USD 133), which was predominantly attributed to medicines (37%). Prevalence of CHE was 25.2 per cent with higher prevalence amongst males [odds ratio (OR)=1.30], those belonging to scheduled caste and scheduled tribes (OR=1.35), poorest 20 per cent households (OR=3.05), having injuries (OR=4.03) and non-communicable diseases (OR=3.13) admitted in a private hospital (OR=2.69) and those who were insured (OR=1.74). There was a 12 per cent relative increase in poverty head count due to OOP payments on healthcare.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings showed that hospitalization resulted in significant OOP expenditure, leading to CHEs and impoverishment of households. Impact of OOP expenditures was inequitably more on the vulnerable groups. OOP expenditure may be curtailed through provision of free medicines and diagnostics and removal of any form of user charges.