bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse‐Led Telephone Program for Nonadherent to Treatment Type 2 Diabetics With Comorbid Depression: A Cost‐Consequence and Budget Impact Analysis
Authors: Gómez-Barrera Manuel , Lozano-Del Hoyo María Luisa , Roy Juan Francisco , Fernández-Rodrigo María Teresa , Gómez-Torres Piedad , Blázquez-Ornat Isabel , Pérez-Calahorra Sofía , Samaniego Diaz de Corcuera Maria Esther , Ferrer-López Emilia , Ramón-Arbués Enrique 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To estimate the efficiency of a nurse‐led telephone program for nonadherent to treatment Type 2 diabetics with comorbid depression (TELE‐DD program).Design: Secondary analysis of cost‐consequence and budget impact, utilizing data from a randomized clinical trial conducted in the primary healthcare setting. The target population consisted of Type 2 diabetic patients with comorbid depression who were nonadherent to their pharmacological treatment.Method: The average cost per controlled patient (glycated hemoglobin < 7%) and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio were calculated. Similarly, the budgetary impact over 1 year of implementing this program in the region of reference of the randomized clinical trial was assessed.Results: The number of controlled patients is higher in the TELE‐DD group at 6, 12, and 18 months. The average cost per controlled patient was higher in the TELE‐DD group than in the control group at 6 months (€160.31 vs. €49.79), but lower at 12 (€150.09 vs. €179.59) and 18 months (€209.22 vs. €376.88). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio at 6, 12, and 18 months was €254.47, €143.65, and €177.46, respectively. The budget impact analysis revealed that implementing the TELE‐DD program would result in a reduction of €721,940.68 in expenditure for the funder in the first year of application.Conclusions: A nurse‐led telephone program for nonadherent Type 2 diabetics with comorbid depression is an efficient option in the management of healthcare resources. These results highlight the role of nursing in chronic patient management and the efficient use of healthcare resources.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04097483.
The Evaluation of the Relationship Between Coronary Ectasia and Trimethylamine N‐Oxide
Authors: Sari Hasan , Alsancak Yakup , Gurbuz Ahmet Seyfeddin , Keskin Oznur , Tatar Sefa , Duzenli Mehmet Akif 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: It is now known that the microbiota is far beyond the microbial communities living in certain parts of our body and functions like a metabolic organ. In addition, the microbiota, through its metabolites, is involved in the pathophysiology or progression of a wide range of diseases, from atherosclerotic diseases to metabolic diseases and even neurological diseases. Among these metabolites, trimethylamine n‐oxide metabolite has been shown to be particularly effective in atherosclerotic heart diseases.Materials and Methods: A total of 155 patients, who underwent coroner angiography for stable angina were included in the study. Of these patients, 81 patients with coronary artery ectasia (patient group) and 74 patients without coronary artery ectasia (control group) were evaluated for trimethylamine n‐oxide metabolite.Results: Statistically significantly higher trimethylamine n‐oxide metabolite levels were observed in the coronary artery ectasia group compared to the control group.Conclusion: The significantly higher trimethylamine n‐oxide levels in patients with coronary artery ectasia without coronary artery disease suggest that the microbiota and its metabolites independently play a role in the pathophysiology or progression of vascular remodeling or endothelial dysfunctions. Also, its effect on the endothelial surface may depend on the threshold value.
Venetoclax-Based Combination Regimens in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Goulart Hannah , Kantarjian Hagop , Pemmaraju Naveen , Daver Naval , DiNardo Courtney D. , Rausch Caitlin R. , Ravandi Farhad , Kadia Tapan M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Incorporation of the B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor venetoclax into the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been transformative. Initially studied in combination with low-intensity therapy in older adults and those ineligible for intensive therapy, venetoclax has proven to be efficacious and tolerable in this setting. Recently, venetoclax has been investigated in combination with more intensive regimens. However, these approaches come with a myriad of dosing strategies and questions surrounding the practicality of venetoclax administration. In this study, we provide an overview of the incorporation of venetoclax into AML treatment and a discussion of practical considerations and areas of unmet need.

Significance:
In recent years, there has been tremendous interest surrounding the integration of venetoclax into both non-intensive and intensive chemotherapy regimens for AML. However, with this increasing utilization of venetoclax, considerable questions surrounding key issues such as dosing strategies and the practicality of venetoclax administration have arisen. This review highlights the evolution of venetoclax-based regimens in AML and provides a commentary on notable practical considerations when utilizing this agent.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Risk of Heart Failure Hospitalizations Among Individuals With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Almuwaqqat Zakaria , Liu Chang , Ko Yi-An , Elon Lisa , Moazzami Kasra , Wang Maggie , Murrah Nancy , Shallenberger Lucy , Lewis Tené T. , Shah Amit J. , Raggi Paolo , Bremner J. Douglas , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with maladaptive dysregulation of stress response systems, which could lead to an increased risk of heart failure. We investigated whether PTSD was independently associated with first and recurrent heart failure hospitalizations in the setting of coronary artery disease.

METHODS:
Individuals with stable coronary artery disease and without heart failure at baseline were enrolled in 2 parallel prospective cohort studies in metropolitan Atlanta, GA. Participants underwent a structured clinical interview to assess their lifetime history of PTSD. Current PTSD symptoms were assessed using the PTSD symptom checklist. Participants were followed up for a median time of 4.9 years. The primary end point was first or recurrent hospitalization for heart failure. Secondary end points included cardiovascular death and nonfatal myocardial infarction with and without hospitalization for heart failure. Survival analysis for repeated events was used to assess the association of PTSD with adverse events.

RESULTS:
We studied 736 individuals with a mean age of 60±10 years; 36% were Black, and 35% were women. In total, 69 (9.4%) patients met the criteria for PTSD. Having a PTSD diagnosis was associated with the primary end point of first or recurrent heart failure hospitalizations, with a hazard ratio of 4.4 (95% CI, 2.6–7.3). The results were minimally attenuated after adjusting for demographic and clinical factors (hazard ratio, 3.7 [95% CI, 2.1–6.3]). Similarly, a 10-point increase in the PTSD symptom checklist score was associated with a 30% (95% CI, 10%–50%) increase in heart failure hospitalizations. PTSD was not associated with an end point of cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction, which excluded hospitalizations due to heart failure.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with coronary artery disease, PTSD is associated with incident and recurrent heart failure hospitalizations. Future research is needed to investigate whether PTSD management can reduce the risk of heart failure.
The Emergence of Chunking Structures with Hierarchical RNN
Authors: Wu Zijun , Deshmukh Anup Anand , Wu Yongkang , Lin Jimmy , Mou Lili 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In Natural Language Processing (NLP), predicting linguistic structures, such as parsing and chunking, has mostly relied on manual annotations of syntactic structures. This article introduces an unsupervised approach to chunking, a syntactic task that involves grouping words in a non-hierarchical manner. We present a Hierarchical Recurrent Neural Network (HRNN) designed to model word-to-chunk and chunk-to-sentence compositions. Our approach involves a two-stage training process: pretraining with an unsupervised parser and finetuning on downstream NLP tasks. Experiments on multiple datasets reveal a notable improvement of unsupervised chunking performance in both pretraining and finetuning stages. Interestingly, we observe that the emergence of the chunking structure is transient during the neural model’s downstream-task training. This study contributes to the advancement of unsupervised syntactic structure discovery and opens avenues for further research in linguistic theory.1
Spectral graph model for fMRI: A biophysical, connectivity-based generative model for the analysis of frequency-resolved resting-state fMRI
Authors: Raj Ashish , Sipes Benjamin S. , Verma Parul , Mathalon Daniel H. , Biswal Bharat , Nagarajan Srikantan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is a popular and widely used technique to explore the brain’s functional organization and to examine whether it is altered in neurological or mental disorders. The most common approach for its analysis targets the measurement of the synchronized fluctuations between brain regions, characterized as functional connectivity (FC), typically relying on pairwise correlations in activity across different brain regions. While hugely successful in exploring state- and disease-dependent network alterations, these statistical graph theory tools suffer from two key limitations. First, they discard useful information about the rich frequency content of the fMRI signal. The rich spectral information now achievable from advances in fast multiband acquisitions is consequently being underutilized. Second, the analyzed FCs are phenomenological without a direct neurobiological underpinning in the underlying structures and processes in the brain. There does not currently exist a complete generative model framework for whole brain resting fMRI that is informed by its underlying biological basis in the structural connectome. Here we propose that a different approach can solve both challenges at once: the use of an appropriately realistic yet parsimonious biophysics-informed signal generation model followed by graph spectral (i.e., eigen) decomposition. We call this model a spectral graph model (SGM) for fMRI, using which we can not only quantify the structure–function relationship in individual subjects, but also condense the variable and individual-specific repertoire of fMRI signal’s spectral and spatial features into a small number of biophysically interpretable parameters. We expect this model-based analysis of rs-fMRI that seamlessly integrates with structure can be used to examine state and trait characteristics of structure–function relationships in a variety of brain disorders.
Neural processing of rhythmic speech by children with developmental language disorder (DLD): An EEG study
Authors: Keshavarzi Mahmoud , Richards Susan , Feltham Georgia , Parvez Lyla , Goswami Usha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sensitivity to rhythmic and prosodic cues in speech has been described as a precursor of language acquisition. Consequently, atypical rhythmic processing during infancy and early childhood has been considered a risk factor for developmental language disorders. Despite many behavioural studies, the neural processing of rhythmic speech has not yet been explored in children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Here, we utilise EEG to investigate the neural processing of rhythmic speech by 9-year-old children with and without DLD. In the current study, we investigate phase entrainment, angular velocity, power, event related potentials (ERPs), phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), and phase-phase coupling (PPC) at three frequency bands selected on the basis of the prior literature, delta, theta, and low gamma. We predicted a different phase of entrainment in the delta band in children with DLD, and also greater theta power, atypical cross-frequency coupling, and possibly atypical gamma-band responses. Contrary to prediction, children with DLD demonstrated significant and equivalent phase entrainment in the delta and theta bands to control children. However, only the control children showed significant phase entrainment in the low gamma band. The children with DLD also exhibited significantly more theta and low gamma power compared to the control children, and there was a significant gamma-band difference in angular velocity between the two groups. Finally, group resultant phase analyses showed that low-frequency phase (delta and theta) affected gamma oscillations differently by group. These EEG data show important differences between children with and without DLD in the neural mechanisms underpinning the processing of rhythmic speech. The findings are discussed in terms of auditory theories of DLD, particularly Temporal Sampling theory.
Neurofeedback-induced desynchronization of sensorimotor rhythm elicits pre-movement downregulation of intracortical inhibition that shortens simple reaction time in humans: A double-blind, sham-controlled randomized study
Authors: Muraoka Yoshihito , Iwama Seitaro , Ushiba Junichi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sensorimotor rhythm event-related desynchronization (SMR-ERD) is associated with the activities of cortical inhibitory circuits in the motor cortex. The self-regulation of SMR-ERD through neurofeedback training has demonstrated that successful SMR-ERD regulation improves motor performance. However, the training-induced changes in neural dynamics in the motor cortex underlying performance improvement remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that SMR-neurofeedback based on motor imagery reduces cortical inhibitory activities during motor preparation, leading to shortened reaction time due to the repetitive recruitment of neural populations shared with motor imagery and movement preparation. To test this, we conducted a double-blind, sham-controlled study on 24 participants using neurofeedback training and pre- and post-training evaluation for simple reaction time tests and cortical inhibitory activity using short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). The results showed that veritable neurofeedback training effectively enhanced SMR-ERD in healthy male and female participants, accompanied by reduced simple reaction times and pre-movement SICI. Furthermore, SMR-ERD changes correlated with changes in pre-movement cortical disinhibition, and the disinhibition magnitude correlated with behavioral changes. These results suggest that SMR-neurofeedback modulates cortical inhibitory circuits during movement preparation, thereby enhancing motor performance.
Exercise-induced reductions in central command network cerebral blood flow assessed with arterial spin labeling MRI
Authors: Cloud Jessica , Stark Jessica , Hasselbach Alexander N. , Hiersche Kelly J. , Salat David H. , Juttukonda Meher R. , Hayes Scott M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Habitual aerobic exercise positively impacts brain health. However, less is known about the acute effects of exercise on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). Most studies have used exercise methods that required a 10-minute or longer delay before acquiring CBF data or methods that assessed global, rather than regional, CBF. In the current feasibility study, an aerobic exercise stimulus was administered using an MRI-compatible cardio step module connected to the MRI table. This allowed participants (n = 12, mean age = 20 years) to exercise at light-to-moderate intensity while in the bore of the MRI scanner. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI with multiple delays was collected on a 3T Siemens MRI scanner immediately pre- and post-exercise. CBF and arterial transit time changes were examined within the central command network, which impacts motor and cardiovascular systems during exercise. Associations with perceived exertion and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed. CBF in central command regions decreased following exercise, with greater decreases in regions associated with cardiovascular control. For example, CBF in the left insula decreased by -9.03 ± 8.69 mL/100 g/min (-11.45%, p &lt; 0.01); CBF in the left and right rostral anterior cingulate decreased by -4.91 ± 6.08 mL/100 g/min (-6.17%, p = 0.02) and by -5.04 ± 6.34 mL/100 g/min (-7.43%, p = 0.02); and CBF in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex decreased by -7.30 ± 8.11 mL/100 g/min (-9.50%, p = 0.01). Decreased CBF was also associated with greater ratings of perceived exertion in cardiovascular command regions, including right insula (r = -0.67, p = 0.03), medial orbitofrontal cortex (r = -0.64, p = 0.04), and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (r = -0.75, p = 0.01). The current study further demonstrates the feasibility of assessing CBF immediately following exercise using an exercise stimulus in the bore of the MRI scanner. These results contribute to a small but growing body of literature describing cerebral hemodynamics immediately following exercise.
Dancing over the Sands
Authors: Mizel Omar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study delves into the intricate dynamics between tribal communities and states, acknowledging their complex relationships. While not aiming for exhaustive understanding, it aims to illuminate the convoluted nature of these connections, which often puzzle the average citizen entrenched within other societal structures. By examining the relationships between tribal societies and the Iraqi, Syrian, Saudi Arabian, and Israeli (Palestinian) states, focusing on the interplay between tribal and public spheres, this study presents four fundamental models. Its primary goal is to discern whether these connections reflect harmony, conflict, or accommodation with established authorities.
Nonlinear Atmospheric Flow Patterns Confined to Zonal Cloud Bands
Authors: Constantin A. , Johnson R. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We derive, at leading order in the thin-shell parameter, a consistent set of nonlinear governing equations for the dynamics of flows confined to a zonal cloud band such as those on Jupiter, in a thin layer near the top of the planetary troposphere. Some exact solutions are provided in the material (Lagrangian) framework. The explicit specification of the individual particle paths enables a detailed study of these flows that model oscillations superimposed on a mean current. This approach is applied to Jupiter’s Great Red Spot and to the filamentary zonal flow at its southern boundary.

Significance Statement
We propose a new approach to the study of some flow patterns visible in zonal cloud bands on Jupiter. Motivated by observations showing that the dominant motions in the cloud bands on Jupiter are zonal and rotational, we provide some exact solutions to the governing equations for the leading-order dynamics. These solutions model rotating particle paths interacting with a straight-line flow. The approach offers detailed insight into basic features of the flow, highlighting the interplay between density variations and wind forcing. The exact solutions presented here are a useful starting point for a perturbation analysis. Current advances in computing methods enhance the feasibility of numerical simulations of perturbed flows that are designed to capture a wider range of effects, whose relevance can be ascertained by comparison with the exact solutions presented in this paper.
PTCy-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis for matched sibling donor allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Desai Nihar , Altareb Majed , Remberger Mats , Chen Carol , Alfaro Moya Tommy , Al-Shaibani Eshrak , Novitzky-Basso Igor , Pasic Ivan , Lam Wilson , Michelis Fotios V. , Gerbitz Armin , Viswabandya Auro , Kumar Rajat , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Mattsson Jonas , Law Arjun Datt 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is a promising graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in haploidentical and matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but its role in matched sibling donor (MSD) transplants remains unclear. We conducted a retrospective study of 413 MSD-HSCT patients receiving peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts from January 2010 to January 2023. Patients were categorized into 4 groups: group I (calcineurin inhibitor [CNI] + methotrexate [MTX] or mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]), group II (CNI + MTX or MMF + antithymocyte globulin [ATG]), group III (PTCy + ATG + CNI), and group IV (PTCy + CNI + MMF). PTCy was associated with a significant reduction in grade 2- 4 and grade 3-4 acute GVHD and moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD compared with CNI + MTX (or MMF)–containing regimens. PTCy did not increase relapse risk; PTCy reduced nonrelapse mortality, leading to improved GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS; Hazard Ratio, 0.4; P &lt; .001). PTCy was also associated with improved overall survival. Bloodstream infections were increased with PTCy. The addition of ATG to PTCy did not further improve GRFS and was associated with a higher incidence of clinically significant cytomegalovirus (csCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (csEBV) reactivation and a numerical increase in NRM. PTCy significantly appeared to improve GRFS in the MSD setting using PBSC grafts. The addition of ATG to PTCy increases csCMV and csEBV reactivation without further improving GRFS. Prospective trials and PTCy dose optimization are warranted.
The electronic nose in lung cancer diagnostics: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Steenhuis Eline G.M. , Asmara Oke D. , Kort Sharina , Papenhuijzen Mirell H.G. , Veeger Nic J.G.M. , Van den Heuvel Michel M. , Van Geffen Wouter H. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundLung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Early-stage detection is pivotal for curative interventions, yet most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages. Non-invasive point-of-care diagnostic strategies are needed to reduce lung cancer mortality rates. We assess the potential of electronic nose (eNose) devices as a tool for lung cancer detection.Study design and methodsAll online available databases were searched. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed studies utilising eNose forin vivoexhaled air analysis in lung cancer patients. Included patients had pathological confirmed lung cancer, both non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in various stages. Primary outcomes were sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and area under the curve. Secondary outcomes evaluated eNose performance in distinguishing NSCLC subtypes and SCLC. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various commonly used sensors in this differentiation. The QUADAS-2 tool was used for risk-of-bias assessment.ResultsThirty-five studies, comprising 4483 patients, were included. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.90 (CI 0.87–0.93) and 0.89 (0.85–0.93), respectively. Median negative predictive value was 0.93 and median area under the curve was 0.91. Both the likelihood of bias and concerns regarding applicability were minimal.InterpretationeNose devices hold promise as non-invasive, point-of-care tools for lung cancer diagnosis. Due to high sensitivity and negative predictive value, and great ease of use they might be valuable additions to the diagnostic toolbox. Further research and validation efforts are critical to maximise their impact on early lung cancer detection.