bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production, perception, and communicative goals of American newscaster speech
Authors: Gasser Emily , Ahn Byron , Napoli Donna Jo , Zhou Z.L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractListeners often have the intuition that the speech of broadcast news reporters somehow ‘sounds different’; previous literature supports this observation and has described some distinctive aspects of newscaster register. This article presents two studies further describing the characteristic properties and functions of American English newscaster speech, focusing specifically on prosody. In the first, we investigate the production of newscaster speech. We describe the measurable differences in pitch, speed, intensity, and melodic features between newscaster and conversational speech, and connect those traits to perceptions of authority, credibility, charisma, and related characteristics. In the second, we investigate the perception of newscaster speech. Our experiments demonstrate that listeners can distinguish newscaster from conversational speech given only prosodic information, and that they use a subset of the newscasters’ distinguishing features to do so. (News, prosody, discourse registers, speech perception, credibility, authority)*
Grabbing land legally: A Marxist analysis
Authors: Özsu Umut 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article lays the groundwork for a Marxist theory of the international law of land-grabbing. It argues that any comprehensive politico-economic analysis of land-grabbing must also be a politico-economic analysis of the law of land-grabbing. It argues further that Marx’s account of ‘primitive accumulation’ in Capital – an account it presents as an historical explanation of the transition to capitalism as well as a general theory of ‘extra-economic’ force deployed through state power, including, crucially, the power of law – is helpful for developing an analytical framework for understanding the legal facets of land-grabbing. Political economists, rural sociologists, and social and political theorists have argued for and against the applicability of Marx’s theory of ‘primitive accumulation’ to the contemporary wave of global land grabbing. Intriguingly, though, no international lawyers have grappled with the question of whether a specifically Marxist approach to the phenomenon can or should be developed. This article does so, contending that contemporary land-grabbing is unintelligible absent a theory of capitalism, and that the processes whereby capitalism transforms land and labour are unintelligible absent a theory of the periodic waves of legally mediated ‘primitive accumulation’ that propel it forward. The article pays particular attention to the work produced by Olivier De Schutter during his tenure as United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus in dromedary camels, Bedouins, Muslim Arabs and Jews in Israel, 2009–2017
Authors: Bassal R. , Wax M. , Shirazi R. , Shohat T. , Cohen D. , David D. , Abu-Mouch S. , Abu-Ghanem Y. , Mendelson E. , Ben-Ari Z. , Mor O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. Recently, HEV-7 has been shown to infect camels and humans. We studied HEV seroprevalence in dromedary camels and among Bedouins, Arabs (Muslims, none-Bedouins) and Jews and assessed factors associated with anti-HEV seropositivity. Serum samples from dromedary camels (n = 86) were used to determine camel anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA positivity. Human samples collected between 2009 and 2016 from >20 years old Bedouins (n = 305), non-Bedouin Arabs (n = 320) and Jews (n = 195), were randomly selected using an age-stratified sampling design. Human HEV IgG levels were determined using Wantai IgG ELISA assay. Of the samples obtained from camels, 68.6% were anti-HEV positive. Among the human populations, Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs had a significantly higher prevalence of HEV antibodies (21.6% and 15.0%, respectively) compared with the Jewish population (3.1%). Seropositivity increased significantly with age in all human populations, reaching 47.6% and 34.8% among ⩾40 years old, in Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs, respectively. The high seropositivity in camels and in ⩾40 years old Bedouins and non-Bedouin Arabs suggests that HEV is endemic in Israel. The low HEV seroprevalence in Jews could be attributed to higher socio-economic status.
Syndromic surveillance: two decades experience of sustainable systems – its people not just data!
Authors: Smith Gillian E. , Elliot Alex J. , Lake Iain , Edeghere Obaghe , Morbey Roger , Catchpole Mike , Heymann David L. , Hawker Jeremy , Ibbotson Sue , McCloskey Brian , Pebody Richard ,   Public Health England Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team
Published: February 2019

AbstractSyndromic surveillance is a form of surveillance that generates information for public health action by collecting, analysing and interpreting routine health-related data on symptoms and clinical signs reported by patients and clinicians rather than being based on microbiologically or clinically confirmed cases. In England, a suite of national real-time syndromic surveillance systems (SSS) have been developed over the last 20 years, utilising data from a variety of health care settings (a telehealth triage system, general practice and emergency departments). The real-time systems in England have been used for early detection (e.g. seasonal influenza), for situational awareness (e.g. describing the size and demographics of the impact of a heatwave) and for reassurance of lack of impact on population health of mass gatherings (e.g. the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games).We highlight the lessons learnt from running SSS, for nearly two decades, and propose questions and issues still to be addressed. We feel that syndromic surveillance is an example of the use of ‘big data’, but contend that the focus for sustainable and useful systems should be on the added value of such systems and the importance of people working together to maximise the value for the public health of syndromic surveillance services.
Introduction of Ebola virus into a remote border district of Sierra Leone, 2014: use of field epidemiology and RNA sequencing to describe chains of transmission
Authors: DeSilva M. B. , Styles T. , Basler C. , Moses F. L. , Husain F. , Reichler M. , Whitmer S. , McAuley J. , Belay E. , Friedman M. , Muoghalu I. S. , Swaray P. , Ströher U. , Redd J. T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn early October 2014, 7 months after the 2014–2015 Ebola epidemic in West Africa began, a cluster of reported deaths in Koinadugu, a remote district of Sierra Leone, was the first evidence of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) in the district. Prior to this event, geographic isolation was thought to have prevented the introduction of Ebola to this area. We describe our initial investigation of this cluster of deaths and subsequent public health actions after Ebola was confirmed, and present challenges to our investigation and methods of overcoming them. We present a transmission tree and results of whole genome sequencing of selected isolates to identify the source of infection in Koinadugu and demonstrate transmission between its villages. Koinadugu's experience highlights the danger of assuming that remote location and geographic isolation can prevent the spread of Ebola, but also demonstrates how deployment of rapid field response teams can help limit spread once Ebola is detected.
Are food exposures obtained through commercial market panels representative of the general population? Implications for outbreak investigations
Authors: Inns T. , Curtis D. , Crook P. , Vivancos R. , Gardiner D. , McCarthy N. , Mook P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCurrent methods of control recruitment for case-control studies can be slow (a particular issue for outbreak investigations), resource-intensive and subject to a range of biases. Commercial market panels are a potential source of rapidly recruited controls. Our study evaluated food exposure data from these panel controls, compared with an established reference dataset. Market panel data were collected from two companies using retrospective internet-based surveys; these were compared with reference data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios to compare exposure to each of the 71 food items between the market panel and NDNS participants. We compared 2103 panel controls with 2696 reference participants. Adjusted for socio-demographic factors, exposure to 90% of foods was statistically different between both panels and the reference data. However, these differences were likely to be of limited practical importance for 89% of Panel A foods and 79% of Panel B foods. Market panel food exposures were comparable with reference data for common food exposures but more likely to be different for uncommon exposures. This approach should be considered for outbreak investigation, in conjunction with other considerations such as population at risk, timeliness of response and study resources.
Objective assessment of compliance with a state-wide school food-service policy via menu audits
Authors: Myers Gael , Sauzier Megan , Ferguson Amanda , Pettigrew Simone 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Healthy Food and Drink Policy was implemented in Western Australian government schools in 2007. The aim of the present study was to assess the compliance of Western Australian school canteen menus with the policy a decade after its introduction.DesignThe traffic-light system that underpins the Healthy Food and Drink Policy categorises foods and drinks into three groups: ‘green’ healthy items, ‘amber’ items that should be selected carefully and ‘red’ items that lack nutritional value. Canteen menus were collected online and each menu item was coded as a green, amber or red choice.SettingWestern Australia.ParticipantsOnline canteen menus from 136 primary and secondary government schools.ResultsThe majority of audited school menus met policy requirements to include ≥60 % green items (84 %) and ≤40 % amber items (90 %), but only 52 % completely excluded red items. Overall, approximately half (48 %) of school canteen menus met all three traffic-light targets. On average, 70 % of the menu items were green, 28 % were amber and 2 % were red. Primary-school canteen menus were more likely than those from secondary schools to meet the requirements of the policy.ConclusionsWhile the sampled Western Australian government school canteen menus were highly compliant with most of the requirements of the Healthy Food and Drink Policy, many offered red foods and/or drinks. Providing all schools with further education about identifying red items and offering additional services to secondary schools may help improve compliance rates.
BELNAP–DUNN MODAL LOGICS: TRUTH CONSTANTS VS. TRUTH VALUES
Authors: ODINTSOV SERGEI P. , SPERANSKI STANISLAV O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe shall be concerned with the modal logic BK—which is based on the Belnap–Dunn four-valued matrix, and can be viewed as being obtained from the least normal modal logic K by adding ‘strong negation’. Though all four values ‘truth’, ‘falsity’, ‘neither’ and ‘both’ are employed in its Kripke semantics, only the first two are expressible as terms. We show that expanding the original language of BK to include constants for ‘neither’ or/and ‘both’ leads to quite unexpected results. To be more precise, adding one of these constants has the effect of eliminating the respective value at the level of BK-extensions. In particular, if one adds both of these, then the corresponding lattice of extensions turns out to be isomorphic to that of ordinary normal modal logics.
A streamlined drain-lag model for GaN HEMTs based on pulsed S-parameter measurements
Authors: Luo Peng , Schnieder Frank , Bengtsson Olof , Vadalà Valeria , Raffo Antonio , Heinrich Wolfgang , Rudolph Matthias 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAccurately and efficiently modeling the drain-lag effects is crucial in nonlinear large-signal modeling for Gallium Nitride high electron mobility transistors. In this paper, a simplified yet accurate drain-lag model based on an industry standard large-signal model, i.e., the Chalmers (Angelov) model, extracted by means of pulsed S-parameter measurements, is presented. Instead of a complex nonlinear drain-lag description, only four constant parameters of the proposed drain-lag model need to be determined to accurately describe the large impacts of the drain-lag effects, e.g., drain-source current slump, typical kink observed in pulsed IV curves, and degradation of the output power. The extraction procedure of the parameters is based on pulsed S-parameter measurements, which allow to freeze traps and isolate the trapping effects from self-heating. It is also shown that the model can very accurately predict the load pull performance over a wide range of drain bias voltages. Finally, the large-signal network analyzer measurements at low frequency are used to further verify the proposed drain-lag model in the prediction of the output current in time domain under large-signal condition.
Predictive Modeling With Psychological Panel Data
Authors: Pargent Florian , Albert-von der Gönna Johannes 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Longitudinal panels include several thousand participants and variables. Traditionally, psychologists analyze only a few variables – partly because common unregularized linear models perform poorly when the number of variables ( p) approaches the number of observations ( N). Predictive modeling methods can be used when N [Formula: see text] p situations arise in psychological research. We illustrate these techniques on exemplary variables from the German GESIS Panel, while describing the choice of preprocessing, model classes, resampling techniques, hyperparameter tuning, and performance measures. In analyses with about 2,000 subjects and variables each, we predict panelists’ gender, sick days, an evaluation of US President Trump, income, life satisfaction, and sleep satisfaction. Elastic net and random forest models were compared to dummy predictions in benchmark experiments. While good performance was achieved, the linear elastic net performed similar to the nonlinear random forest. Elastic nets were refitted to extract the ten most important predictors. Their interpretation validates our approach, and further modeling options are discussed. Code can be found at https://osf.io/zpse3/
The Geomorphology, Structure, and Lava Flow Dynamics of Peralkaline Rift Volcanoes From High‐Resolution Digital Elevation Models
Authors: Hunt Jonathan A. , Pyle David M. , Mather Tamsin A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDetailed topographic data from volcanoes can yield key insights into the controls on volcanic activity as well as hazards. High‐resolution digital elevation models generated from remote sensing data enable comparison of the geomorphology and structure of large and inaccessible volcanoes. We present new topographic data for three peralkaline volcanoes in the Main Ethiopian Rift (Fentale, Corbetti, and Gedemsa) and one volcano in the Afar Rift (Dabbahu), combined with field observations, reveal previously unidentified post‐caldera deposits and craters. Vent and crater locations are aligned with rift‐parallel faults and also with rift‐cutting structures in a variety of orientations. Caldera shape is controlled by interaction with these structures. The relative frequency and type of eruption varies greatly between these volcanoes over the past 150 kyr. Gedemsa is now largely inactive; Fentale hosts deposits from many small volume eruptions (<0.1 km3); while Corbetti has produced several large eruptions (~0.4–0.5 km3). Morphometry of peralkaline rhyolite deposits at Corbetti and Fentale, including ogives and levees, provides constraints on rheology. Emplacement viscosities of ~108–1011 Pa s at Fentale are similar to or lower than calc‐alkaline rhyolites and consistent with experimental and theoretical studies. The observations presented here have significant implications for hazard assessment in the Ethiopian rift and highlight the importance of structural features in controlling the location, magnitude, and style of volcanic activity in the Main Ethiopian Rift.
A New Ocean SAR Cross‐Spectral Parameter: Definition and Directional Property Using the Global Sentinel‐1 Measurements
Authors: Li Huimin , Chapron Bertrand , Mouche Alexis , Stopa Justin E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpace‐borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) measurements have already been proven to be invaluable in detecting and quantifying properties of ocean swell systems. With the improved spatial resolution, Sentinel‐1 wave mode measurements can further be extended toward shorter‐scale waves, that is, within the surface wave equilibrium range. In this study, a new parameter is derived from filtering SAR image cross‐spectra around range‐traveling intermediate wind waves (wavelengths 15–20 m). This parameter captures both the radar cross‐section variability and its time evolution. Given the dependence of intermediate waves on local wind field, this parameter is statistically documented to confirm its sensitivity to both wind speed and wind direction. Comparable to Doppler estimate, the signed parameter can be used to reduce the wind direction ambiguity in the inversion of high‐resolution wind fields from SAR imagery. In addition, under complex environmental situations over a polar low event, this parameter is expected to better capture the dynamics of the surface wind. Globally, our analysis demonstrates regional and seasonal variations of this parameter, associated with those of wind/wave patterns. In particular, its directionality reveals the seasonal migration of intertropical convergence zone. This parameter is valuable to various further applications, for example, to help develop wind retrieval scheme from SAR measurements or to map space‐time variability of ocean waves at various wavelengths.
Metabolic regulation of the maize rhizobiome by benzoxazinoids
Authors: Cotton T E Anne , Pétriacq Pierre , Cameron Duncan D , Meselmani Moaed Al , Schwarzenbacher Roland , Rolfe Stephen A , Ton Jurriaan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The rhizobiome is an important regulator of plant growth and health. Plants shape their rhizobiome communities through production and release of primary and secondary root metabolites. Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are common tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites in grasses that regulate belowground and aboveground biotic interactions. In addition to their biocidal activity, BXs can regulate plant–biotic interactions as semiochemicals or within-plant defence signals. However, the full extent and mechanisms by which BXs shape the root-associated microbiome has remained largely unexplored. Here, we have taken a global approach to examine the regulatory activity of BXs on the maize root metabolome and associated bacterial and fungal communities. Using untargeted mass spectrometry analysis in combination with prokaryotic and fungal amplicon sequencing, we compared the impacts of three genetic mutations in different steps in the BX pathway. We show that BXs regulate global root metabolism and concurrently influence the rhizobiome in a root type-dependent manner. Correlation analysis between BX-controlled root metabolites and bacterial taxa suggested a dominant role for BX-dependent metabolites, particularly flavonoids, in constraining a range of soil microbial taxa, while stimulating methylophilic bacteria. Our study supports a multilateral model by which BXs control root–microbe interactions via a global regulatory function in root secondary metabolism.
Confounding off-target effects of BH3 mimetics at commonly used concentrations: MIM1, UMI-77, and A-1210477
Authors: Mallick David J. , Soderquist Ryan S. , Bates Darcy , Eastman Alan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTargeting anti-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins has become an attractive therapeutic strategy for many cancers, and the BCL2-selective inhibitor ABT-199 (venetoclax) has obtained clinical success. However, MCL1 can promote drug resistance and overall cancer cell survival. Thus, there is a critical need to develop an effective drug that antagonizes MCL1. However, most putative MCL1 inhibitors have been misclassified as they fail to directly inhibit MCL1 in cells, but rather induce the pro-apoptotic protein NOXA. We have investigated three putative MCL1 inhibitors: MIM1, UMI-77, and A-1210477. All three compounds were developed in cell-free assays and then found to be cytotoxic, and hence assumed to directly target MCL1 in cells. Here, we investigated whether these compounds directly inhibit MCL1 or inhibit MCL1 indirectly through the induction of NOXA. Both MIM1- and UMI-77-induced NOXA through the unfolded protein response pathway, and sensitized leukemia cells to ABT-199; this cytotoxicity was dependent on NOXA suggesting that these compounds do not directly target MCL1. A-1210477 was the only compound that did not induce NOXA, but it still sensitized cells to ABT-199. A-1210477 induced accumulation of MCL1 protein consistent with it binding and preventing MCL1 degradation. However, at concentrations used in several prior studies, A-1210477 also induced cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and apoptosis in a BAX/BAK-independent manner. Furthermore, the release of cytochrome c occurred without loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. This apoptosis was extremely rapid, sometimes occurring within 0.5–1 h. Hence, we have identified a novel mechanism of apoptosis that circumvents the known mechanisms of cytochrome c release. It remains to be determined whether these unexpected mechanisms of action of putative BH3 mimetics will have therapeutic potential.
circHIPK3 regulates lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA
Authors: Zhang Jia-xiang , Lu Jian , Xie Hui , Wang Da-peng , Ni Huan-er , Zhu Yong , Ren Le-hao , Meng Xiao-xiao , Wang Rui-lan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMyofibroblasts predominantly emerging through fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) are considered to be the key collagen-producing cells in pulmonary fibrosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important players involved in many biological processes. circHIPK3 has been identified as the one of the most abundant circRNAs in human lung. In this study, we characterized the role of circHIPK3 in pulmonary fibrosis. We revealed that circHIPK3 is upregulated in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice model, FMT-derived myofibroblasts. circHIPK3 silencing can ameliorate FMT and suppress fibroblast proliferation in vivo and vitro. Fundamentally, circHIPK3 regulates FMT by functioning as an endogenous miR-338-3p sponge and inhibit miR-338-3p activity, thereby leading to increased SOX4 and COL1A1 expression. Moreover, dysregulated circHIPK3 expression was detected in the clinical samples of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Intervention of circHIPK3 may represent a promising therapy for pulmonary fibrosis.