bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome‐focussed planning in Australian local government: How council plans and cultural development plans measure up
Authors: Uppal Surajen , Dunphy Kim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractContemporary public policy increasingly emphasises a focus on outcomes, the difference that occurs in the lives of citizens from policy and activity of government. Other contemporary imperatives for effective planning include: recognition of the values of the community whom plans serve, direction towards goals and objectives, utilisation of evidence, articulation of theories of change that underpin planning and responsiveness to evaluation. This article reports a desk‐based research project to assess how local government planning documents meet these imperatives. Two documents are examined for 67 councils across Australia: the major strategic document, council plan or other‐named document and the cultural development plan (CDP) or other‐named document that directs staff and investment aimed at cultural enrichment of the LGA. Findings indicate that the majority of councils’ documents appeared only concordant with one or two of these planning imperatives. No plan addressed more than three. Overall, council plans and cultural development plans did not clearly indicate their responsiveness to values of their communities, nor include objectives that formed measurable steps towards goals or formally refer to the use of evidence in decision‐making. No plans included theories of change to underpin decision‐making. This analysis indicates clear areas of improvement for planning for local governance.
Transmission of Household and Business Credit Shocks in Emerging Markets: The Role of Real Estate
Authors: Bahadir Berrak , Gumus Inci 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study the role of real estate in the transmission of household and business credit shocks to the economy. To this end, we construct a small open economy real business cycle model with households and entrepreneurs, who hold real estate and face credit constraints on their borrowing. The impulse response analysis shows that both household and business credit shocks lead to an expansion in the economy, with business credit having a larger effect. Real estate plays an important role in understanding the response of the economy to credit shocks. A credit expansion in one sector increases house prices, which raises the value of real estate holdings of the other sector and generates spillover effects between sectors. As a result, household and business credit shocks lead to similar responses. Without housing, the two types of shocks affect the key macroeconomic variables differently with only business credit shocks leading to an expansion. Our findings suggest that housing as a common asset provides a transmission channel between the sectors that mitigates the differences in the responses to the credit shocks.
Pharmacist‐led influenza vaccination services in residential aged care homes: A pilot study
Authors: McDerby Nicole C. , Kosari Sam , Bail Kasia S. , Shield Alison J. , MacLeod Tamra , Peterson Gregory M. , Naunton Mark 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe feasibility of pharmacist‐led influenza vaccination services in residential aged care homes has not previously been studied. The primary objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of this service. The secondary objective was to assess the effect of the service on employee vaccination rates.MethodsAn in‐house pharmacist‐led vaccination service was implemented at a single site in 2017. De‐identified employee influenza vaccination records at this site for 2016 and 2017 were compared to assess the change in vaccination rate.ResultsThe residential care pharmacist administered 37% of all influenza vaccinations to employees (n = 78) in 2017. Between 2016 and 2017, there was a significant improvement in the employee vaccination rate at the site (46.5% vs 69.2%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsIt is feasible for pharmacists to administer influenza vaccinations to employees in residential aged care. The flexibility of an in‐house pharmacist improves accessibility and can therefore promote uptake of influenza vaccination by employees.
On Eulerian versus Lagrangian models of mechanical blood damage and the linearized damage function
Authors: Faghih Mohammad Mohaghegh , Sharp M. Keith 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo limitations have been discovered in the derivation of the Eulerian method of hemolysis prediction using a linearized blood damage function. First is that in the transformation from the Lagrangian material volume of the original power‐law model to a fixed Eulerian control volume, the spatial dependence of duration of exposure to fluid stress was neglected. This omission has the implication that the Eulerian method as reported is valid only for steady, uniaxial flow in which velocity is constant along streamlines. The second issue is related to linearization, which involves distributing an exponent across an integral. This operation is valid only for limited conditions that include the exponent being unity (which is not the case for any power‐law hemolysis models) or the blood damage function being constant throughout the flow regime. These constraints severely restrict the applicability of the Eulerian method. An example problem is presented that demonstrates that the source term of the Eulerian method as reported does not account for differences in velocity between 2 similar flows. Correcting the source term to match the hemolysis prediction to that of the original, unlinearized method requires an analytical description of the flow field that may not be easily obtained for the complex flows in some cardiovascular devices.
Restoration of native‐dominated plant communities on a Centaurea stoebe‐infested site
Authors: MacDonald Neil W. , Dykstra Kaitlyn M. , Martin Laurelin M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractQuestionsRestoring native‐dominated plant communities often requires controlling invasive species, reintroducing native species, and implementing continued management practices. Can single herbicide applications to control Centaurea stoebe L. encourage establishment of seeded native species more effectively than a single mowing? Can annual hand pulling to control C. stoebe favor the persistence of seeded native species? Can mid‐spring burning reduce C. stoebe and increase native forbs and grasses? After eight years, will the restored plant communities differ from those in untreated areas?LocationBass River Recreation Area, Ottawa County, MI, USA.MethodsWe studied the effects of site preparation (mowing, clopyralid, glyphosate), hand pulling of C. stoebe, and burning on restoring native plant communities on a C. stoebe‐infested site. Over eight years, we quantified the development of the plant communities on plots seeded with native grasses and forbs, and report on the second four years here.ResultsNative‐dominated plant communities developed using both herbicides, but while clopyralid provided longer control of C. stoebe, clopyralid‐treated plots had fewer native species than glyphosate‐treated plots. Native‐dominated plant communities also developed on plots that were only mowed once before seeding, achieving similar native species richness as the glyphosate treatment. Hand pulling controlled C. stoebe, burning increased relative cover of native graminoids and decreased that of non‐native grasses, and hand pulling and burning in combination increased relative cover of native forbs. After eight years, the restored plant communities had greater native species cover and richness and higher mean Coefficient of Conservatism, Floristic Quality Index, and Shannon's Diversity Index values than untreated areas.ConclusionsSite preparation, seeding, hand pulling of C. stoebe, and annual burning facilitated restoration of native‐dominated plant communities on a C. stoebe‐infested site. Effects accumulated over a period of eight years, illustrating the importance of continued management and monitoring as part of similar restoration efforts.
Spinal α2‐adrenoceptors and neuropathic pain modulation; therapeutic target
Authors: Bahari Zahra , Meftahi Gholam Hossein 
Published: January 2019

Neuropathic pain can arise from disease or damage to the nervous system. The most common symptoms of neuropathic pain include spontaneous pain, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. There is still limited knowledge about the factors that initiate and maintain neuropathic pain. However, ample evidence has proved the antinociceptive role of spinal α‐adrenoceptors following nerve injury. It is well‐documented that noradrenergic descending pathways from supraspinal loci exert an inhibitory influence on the spinal cord nociceptive neurons, mostly through the activation of spinal α2‐adrenoceptors. This, in turn, suppresses transmission of pain input and the hyperexcitability of spinal dorsal horn neurons. There is considerable evidence demonstrating that spinal application of α2‐adrenoceptor agonists leads to analgesic effects in animal models of neuropathic pain. Today, despite the recent rapid development of neuroscience and drug discovery, effective drugs with clear basic mechanisms have remained a mystery. Here, we give an overview of the cellular mechanisms through which brainstem adrenergic descending inhibitory processing can alter spinal pain transmission to the higher centres, and how these pathways change in neuropathic pain conditions focusing on the role of spinal α2‐adrenoceptors in the spinal dorsal horn. We then suggest that α2‐adrenoceptor agonist may be useful to treat neuropathic pain.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors—New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc
The β‐secretase (BACE) inhibitor NB‐360 in preclinical models: From amyloid‐β reduction to downstream disease‐relevant effects
Authors: Neumann Ulf , Machauer Rainer , Shimshek Derya R. 
Published: January 2019

Inhibition of β‐secretase 1 (BACE‐1; also known as β‐site amyloid precursor protein‐cleaving enzyme‐1) is a current approach to fight the amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposition in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, and a number of BACE‐1 inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials. The BACE‐1 inhibitor NB‐360, although not a clinical compound, turned out to be a valuable pharmacological tool to investigate the effects of BACE‐1 inhibition on the deposition of different Aβ species in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice. Furthermore, chronic animal studies with NB‐360 revealed relationships between BACE‐1 inhibition, Aβ deposition, and Aβ‐related downstream effects on neuroinflammation, neuronal function, and markers of neurodegeneration. NB‐360 effects on the processing of physiological BACE‐1 substrates as well as on nonenzymatic BACE‐1 functions have been investigated, complementing studies in BACE‐1 knockout mice. Because NB‐360 is also an inhibitor for BACE‐2, nonclinical studies in adult animals revealed physiological effects of BACE‐2 inhibition.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc
Does Child Likeability Mediate the Link Between Academic Competence and Depressive Symptoms in Early Elementary School?
Authors: Herman Keith C. , Hodgson Caroline G. , Eddy Colleen L. , Cohen Daniel R. , Reinke Wendy M. , Burrell Lori , Mcfarlane Elizabeth C. , Duggan Anne K. 
Published: January 2019

The present study investigated the role of teacher‐rated likeability as a mediator of the relation between low academic competence and depressive symptoms in elementary‐aged children. Analyses focused on a sample of children at risk for child maltreatment living in Hawaii (n = 380). Structural equation modeling supported the hypothesized negative relations between academic competence in first grade and depressive symptoms in third grade controlling for correlated constructs (e.g., baseline social avoidance, parenting stress, externalizing problems, and internalizing symptoms). Teacher‐rated likeability in second grade negatively mediated the effect of academic competence on depressive symptoms. Implications for understanding the role of early academic skill deficits and social judgments on risk for depressive symptoms as well as recommendations for interventions and prevention strategies are discussed.
A randomized pilot trial of a school‐based psychoeducational intervention for children with asthma
Authors: Marsland Anna L. , Gentile Deborah , Hinze‐Crout Amanda , von Stauffenberg Camilla , Rosen Rhonda K. , Tavares Amy , Votruba‐Drzal Elizabeth , Cohen Sheldon , McQuaid Elizabeth L. , Ewing Linda J. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundAsthma is a common childhood illness with high morbidity and mortality among minority and socio‐economically disadvantaged children. Disparities are not fully accounted for by differences in asthma prevalence, highlighting a need for interventions targeting factors associated with poorer asthma control. One such factor is psychological stress.ObjectiveHere, we examine the feasibility and acceptability of “I Can Cope (ICC),” a school‐based stress management and coping intervention for children with asthma.MethodsA parallel randomized pilot trial was conducted. One hundred and four low‐income children (mean age 10 years; 54% male; 70% African American) with persistent asthma were recruited from 12 urban schools and randomized to the following: (a) ICC or one of two control conditions: (b) “Open Airways for Schools (OAS)”—an asthma education intervention or (c) no treatment.ResultsSeventy one percentage of eligible children participated in the study, with a dropout rate of 12%. ICC was rated as highly acceptable by participating children and parents. Preliminary efficacy data suggest that when compared with no treatment, ICC resulted in decreased symptoms of depression, perceived stress and child‐reported symptoms of asthma, and improvements in sleep quality and child‐reported asthma control. There were no intervention‐related changes in objective measures of asthma morbidity. The magnitude of intervention effects on psychological function did not differ between the ICC and OAS groups.ConclusionsResults support the feasibility and acceptability of utilizing school‐based interventions to access hard to reach children with asthma. Preliminary findings offer support for future, large‐scale efficacy studies of school‐based interventions designed to target multiple factors that contribute to asthma disparities.
Capsule endoscopy for small‐intestinal disorders: Current status
Authors: Hosoe Naoki , Takabayashi Kaoru , Ogata Haruhiko , Kanai Takanori 
Published: January 2019

Small‐bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is used widely because of its non‐invasive and patient‐friendly nature. SBCE can visualize entire small‐intestinal mucosa and facilitate detection of small‐intestinal abnormalities. In this review article, we focus on the current status of SBCE. Several platforms for SBCE are available worldwide. Third‐generation SBCE (PillCam® SB3) has a high‐resolution camera equipped with an adaptive frame rate system. Several software modes have been developed to reduce the reading time for capsule endoscopy and to minimize the possibility of missing lesions. The main complication of SBCE is capsule retention. Thus, the main contraindication for SBCE is known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction unless intestinal patency is proven. Possible indications for SBCE are obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, Crohn's disease, small‐intestinal polyps and tumors, and celiac disease. Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) can observe inflamed colonic mucosa non‐invasively, and allows for the continuous and non‐invasive observation of the entire intestinal tract (pan‐endoscopy). Recently, application of CCE as pan‐enteric endoscopy for inflammatory bowel diseases (including Crohn's disease) has been reported. In the near future, reading for CE will be assisted by artificial intelligence, and reading CE videos for long periods will not be required.
Induced pluripotent stem cell‐based modeling of mutant LRRK2‐associated Parkinson's disease
Authors: Weykopf Beatrice , Haupt Simone , Jungverdorben Johannes , Flitsch Lea Jessica , Hebisch Matthias , Liu Guang‐Hui , Suzuki Keiichiro , Belmonte Juan Carlos Izpisua , Peitz Michael , Blaess Sandra , Till Andreas , Brüstle Oliver 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent advances in cell reprogramming have enabled assessment of disease‐related cellular traits in patient‐derived somatic cells, thus providing a versatile platform for disease modeling and drug development. Given the limited access to vital human brain cells, this technology is especially relevant for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) as a tool to decipher underlying pathomechanisms. Importantly, recent progress in genome‐editing technologies has provided an ability to analyze isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) pairs that differ only in a single genetic change, thus allowing a thorough assessment of the molecular and cellular phenotypes that result from monogenetic risk factors. In this review, we summarize the current state of iPSC‐based modeling of PD with a focus on leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), one of the most prominent monogenetic risk factors for PD linked to both familial and idiopathic forms. The LRRK2 protein is a primarily cytosolic multi‐domain protein contributing to regulation of several pathways including autophagy, mitochondrial function, vesicle transport, nuclear architecture and cell morphology. We summarize iPSC‐based studies that contributed to improving our understanding of the function of LRRK2 and its variants in the context of PD etiopathology. These data, along with results obtained in our own studies, underscore the multifaceted role of LRRK2 in regulating cellular homeostasis on several levels, including proteostasis, mitochondrial dynamics and regulation of the cytoskeleton. Finally, we expound advantages and limitations of reprogramming technologies for disease modeling and drug development and provide an outlook on future challenges and expectations offered by this exciting technology.
Anagen hair follicle repair: Timely regenerative attempts from plastic extra‐bulge epithelial cells
Authors: Huang Wen‐Yen , Lin Edrick Tai‐Yu , Hsu Ya‐Chieh , Lin Sung‐Jan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAnagen hair follicle repair (AHFR) is the regenerative scheme activated to restore the structure and hair growth following injuries to anagen hair follicles. Compared with telogen‐to‐anagen regeneration and hair follicle neogenesis, AHFR is a clinically important, yet relatively unexplored regenerative feature of hair follicles. Due to their highly proliferative character, germinative cells and matrix cells within hair bulbs are highly susceptible to injuries, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Clinical and experimental observations suggest that damaged anagen hair follicles are able to repair themselves to resume anagen growth, bypassing premature catagen/telogen entry. Mechanistically, extra‐bulge epithelial cells in the outer root sheath and the lower proximal cup are quickly mobilized for regeneration. These cells acquire stem cell‐like properties, exhibiting high plasticity by breaking lineage restriction to regenerate all cell types in the lower segment of anagen hair follicles. Facilitating extra‐bulge epithelial cells’ mobilization ameliorates hair loss from chemo‐ and radiotherapy. On the other hand, quiescent bulge stem cells can also be activated, but only after more severe injuries and with slower activation dynamics. They show limited plasticity and regenerate part of the outer root sheath only. The dysrhythmic activation might render bulge stem cells susceptible to concomitant injuries due to their exit from quiescence.
A new procedure, free from human assessment that automatically grades some facial skin structural signs. Comparison with assessments by experts, using referential atlases of skin ageing
Authors: Jiang Ruowei , Kezele Irina , Levinshtein Alex , Flament Frederic , Zhang Jingyi , Elmoznino Eric , Ma Junwei , Ma He , Coquide Jerome , Arcin Vincent , Omoyuri Esohe , Aarabi Parham 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an automatic system that grades the severity of facial signs through ‘selfies’ pictures taken by women of different ages and ethnics.Methods1140 women from three ethnics (African‐American, Asian, Caucasian), of different ages (18–80 years old), took ‘selfies’ by high resolution smartphones cameras under different conditions of lighting or facial expressions. A dedicated software, was developed, based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that integrates training data from referential Skin Aging Atlases. The latter allows to an immediate quantification of the severity of nine facial signs according to the ethnicity declared by the subject. These automatic grading were confronted to those assessed by 12 trained experts and dermatologists either on ‘selfies’ pictures or in live conditions on a smaller cohort of women.ResultsThe system appears weakly influenced by lighting conditions or facial expressions (coefficients of variations ranging 10–13% for most signs) and leads to global agreements with experts’ assessments, even showing a better reproducibility on some facial signs.ConclusionThis automatic scoring system, still in development, seems offering a new quantitative approach in the quantified description of facial signs, independent from human vision, in many applications, being individual, cosmetic oriented or dermatological with regard to the follow‐up of medical anti‐ageing corrective strategies.
Fe doping effect on EuTiO3: The magnetic properties and giant magnetocaloric effect
Authors: Zhang Wei , Mo Zhao‐Jun , Hao ZhiHong , Shen Jun , Luo Jia‐Wei , Chang Rui‐Jiang , Li Lan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect for EuTi1‐xFexO3 (x = 0.05, 0.1) compounds are investigated. When a part of Ti4+ions were substituted by Fe ions, the AFM ordering can be significantly changed to be FM. The EuTi1‐xFexO3 (x = 0.05, 0.1) compounds exhibit a PM to FM transition with decreasing temperature and the Curie temperature is 6 K. Under the field changes of 1 T, and RC are valued to be 10.1 J/kg K and 50.2 J/kg for EuTi0.95Fe0.05O3; 9.6 J/kg K and 47.7 J/kg for EuTi0.9Fe0.1O3, without magnetic and thermal hysteresis. RC is almost twice as much as EuTiO3 (27 J/kg) as substitution of Fe3+ ions for Ti4+ions, which may be attributed to the magnetic transition (AFM to FM). Therefore, the giant and large RC suggest the EuTi1‐xFexO3 compounds are good materials for magnetic refrigerant.