bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fotovoltaik modüllerin akım-gerilim eğrilerinin simülasyonunda kullanılacak olan yöntemin seçimi
Authors: ŞENTÜRK Ali 
Published: April 2018

Bir fotovoltaik modülün performansını elde edebilmek için, modüle ait aydınlıktaki
akım-gerilim eğrisinin bilinmesi gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, akım-gerilim
eğrilerinin simülasyonunda kullanılan üç adet yöntem (analitik, iterasyona ve
tamamen modül bilgilerine dayalı) belirlenen ölçütlere göre
karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu ölçütler; doğruluk, hesaplama yükü, ilave bilgi/ekipman
gerekliliği ve uygulanabilirliktir. Bu karşılaştırma sayesinde fotovoltaik
kullanıcılar, hangi simülasyon yönteminin kendileri için daha uygun olacağına
karar verebileceklerdir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre tamamen modül bilgilerine
dayalı yöntemler; sundukları yeterli doğruluk, sahip oldukları az hesaplama
yükü ve ilave bilgi/ekipmana gerek kalmadan akım-gerilim eğrilenin
simülasyonunu gerçekleştirdikleri için kullanıcılar açısından en uygulanabilir
yöntemlerdir.
Effective multiplication factor and fuel temperature coefficient calculations of PWR assembly under different temperatures
Authors: AKYÜREK Tayfun 
Published: April 2018

This paper presents effective multiplication factor (keff)
with different burnable absorbers and weight percentages at different
temperatures as well as doppler coefficient results and number density
calculations for Westinghouse type pressurized water reactor (PWR) Assembly.
Integral fuel burnable absorber rods coated with ZrB2 and
Gadolinia-Uranium (UO2-Gd2O3) integral
burnable absorbers were considered to calculate reactor parameters (keff
and doppler coefficient). The results compared with base fuel which
does not contain burnable absorber at different temperatures. The results show
that reactivity was decreased with increased temperature and doppler
coefficients increased with temperatures but remained negative at all
temperatures. At 1500 K, the effective multiplication factor for base fuel was
found to be 1.46985 while the effective multiplication factors for 2% with Gd2O3,
8% with Gd2O3, and IFBA rods were 1.38976,&nbsp; 1.37574, and 1.30337 respectively.
Significant Knowledge Gaps Between Clinical Practice and Research on Femoroacetabular Impingement: Are We on the Same Path?
Authors: Kemp Joanne L. , Risberg May Arna 
Published: April 2018

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is the abnormal osseous contact between the femur (cam impingement) and/or acetabular rim (pincer impingement) during end-range hip motions. This special issue on FAI aims at closing some of the gaps between clinical practice and research findings, important for all health professions treating patients with hip pain. This special issue will explore several aspects of FAI syndrome. Specifically, it will provide clinicians with a greater understanding of the etiology and prevalence of hip morphology seen in FAI syndrome, and its relationship with hip range of motion, muscle strength, and hip osteoarthritis (OA). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(4):228–229. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.0103
Heterotopic Ossification Following Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Barth Matt , Willett Gilbert M. , Oliphant Kimberly 
Published: April 2018

A 21-year-old woman initiated physical therapy 4 days following hip arthroscopic labrum debridement and osteochondroplasty. During postoperative rehabilitation, the patient's status regressed. With persistent symptoms, at 10 weeks postsurgery a computed tomography scan revealed, as confirmed by radiographs, heterotopic ossification development. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(4):344. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7420
Femoral Neck Stress Fracture in a Female Runner
Authors: Lamothe Meghan A. , Elliott James M. , Chang Alison H. 
Published: April 2018

A 23-year-old woman was referred to physical therapy by her primary care physician for a 4-week history of right groin pain that had progressively worsened while training for a half-marathon. Before the physical therapy referral, the primary care physician ordered radiography of the right hip, which was unremarkable for fracture. Following examination, the physical therapist suspected osseous or soft tissue abnormality and requested that the primary care physician order magnetic resonance imaging without contrast, which revealed a femoral neck stress fracture. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(4):343. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7479
The Dutch Hip and Groin Outcome Score: Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation According to the COSMIN Checklist
Authors: Tak Igor , Tijssen Marsha , Schamp Thijs , Sierevelt Inger , Thorborg Kristian , Kerkhoffs Gino , Stubbe Janine , van Beijsterveldt Anne-Marie , Haverkamp Daniel 
Published: April 2018

Study Design Clinical measurement. Background The Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) was developed as a patient-reported outcome measure for young, active individuals with hip and groin pain. Objectives To cross-culturally adapt and validate a Dutch version of the HAGOS. Methods Adaptation and validation were performed according to existing guidelines and the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist. Physically active (Tegner activity score of greater than 2) adults between 18 and 50 years of age with hip and groin pain (numeric pain score of 1 or greater) were included in the study. Reliability (test-retest, internal consistency) was assessed in clinically stable patients. Construct validity was determined by calculating Spearman correlations between the scores on the HAGOS and scores on the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions subscales. Fifteen hypotheses were defined a priori. Interpretability was considered good when floor and ceiling effects were present in less than 15% of individuals. Results A Dutch version of the HAGOS was created. Its reliability was tested in 129 individuals and its validity in 194 participants. Test-retest reliability was good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83−0.87). Internal consistency was good (Cronbach α = .81-.92). Construct validity was considered good: 13 of 15 (87%) hypotheses were confirmed. Floor effects (21%) were present for the physical activity subscale. Conclusion The Dutch HAGOS is a reliable and valid patient-reported outcome measure and performs similarly to the original version in its target population. It can be used in clinical as well as research settings. Presence of floor effects should be considered for the physical activity subscale. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(4):299–306. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7883
The Physiotherapy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Rehabilitation STudy (physioFIRST): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kemp Joanne L. , Coburn Sally L. , Jones Denise M. , Crossley Kay M. 
Published: April 2018

Study Design A pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT). Background The effectiveness of physical therapy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) is unknown. Objectives To determine the feasibility of an RCT investigating the effectiveness of a physical therapy intervention for FAIS. Methods Participants were 17 women and 7 men (mean ± SD age, 37 ± 8 years; body mass index, 25.4 ± 3.4 kg/m2) with FAIS who received physical therapy interventions provided over 12 weeks. The FAIS-specific physical therapy group received personalized progressive strengthening and functional retraining. The control group received standardized stretching exercises. In addition, both groups received manual therapy, progressive physical activity, and education. The primary outcome was feasibility, including integrity of the protocol, recruitment and retention, outcome measures, randomization procedure, and sample-size estimate. Secondary outcomes included hip pain and function (international Hip Outcome Tool-33 [iHOT-33]) and hip muscle strength. Poststudy interviews were conducted to determine potential improvements for future studies. Results Twenty-four (100%) patients with known eligibility agreed to participate. Four patients (17%) were lost to follow-up. All participants and the tester remained blinded, and the control intervention was acceptable to participants. The between-group mean differences in change scores were 16 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −9, 38) for the iHOT-33 and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.47) Nm/kg for hip adduction strength, favoring the FAIS-specific physical therapy group. Using an effect size of 0.61, between-group improvements for the iHOT-33 suggest that 144 participants are required for a full-scale RCT. Conclusion A full-scale RCT of physical therapy for FAIS is feasible. A FAIS-specific physical therapy program has the potential for a moderate to large positive effect on hip pain, function, and hip adductor strength. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(4):307–315. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7941
Impairment-Based Rehabilitation Following Hip Arthroscopy: Postoperative Protocol for the HIP ARThroscopy International Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Heerey Josh , Risberg May Arna , Magnus Janicke , Moksnes HÅvard , Ødegaard Thomas , Crossley Kay , Kemp Joanne L. 
Published: April 2018

Synopsis The number of hip arthroscopies for the management of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and other hip intra-articular conditions has grown exponentially in the last decade. Postoperative rehabilitation is part of the treatment algorithm, although there is a lack of high-quality studies on the efficacy of both surgery and postoperative rehabilitation programs. It is known that impairments can be present up to 2 years after hip arthroscopy, with individuals exhibiting reduced function and quality of life when compared to those of similar age, highlighting a need to improve postoperative care. Postoperative rehabilitation programs aim to improve hip function; however, the description of interventions as well as criteria for progression are lacking in the literature. The aim of this clinical commentary was to present a targeted clinical rehabilitation approach for individuals undergoing hip arthroscopy. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(4):336–342. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8002
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGUASAAN TEORI DASAR-DASAR ELEKTRONIKA DENGAN PENGUASAAN PENGUKURAN KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIKA DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATERI MEMAHAMI DASARDASAR ELEKTRONIKA SISWA KELAS X SMKN 1 GENENG
Authors: Sunaryantiningsih Ina , Kurniawan Dedi 
Published: April 2018

<p>Pendidikan nasional berfungsi untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak serta karakter bangsa dalam peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencedaskan kehidupan anak bangsa, berdasarkan fungsi pendidikan nasional ini maka peranan guru menjadi kunci keberhasilan dalam misi pandidikan dalam pembelajaran di sekolah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya hubungan antara metode penguasaan teori dasar-dasar elektronika dengan metode penguasaan pengukuran komponen elektronika dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajarsiswa pada mata pelajaran memahami dasardasar elektronika. Rancangan penelitian<br />yang digunakan adalah studi korelasi dengan jumlah populasi 65 siswa. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel keseluruhan yaitu kelas X La dan X Lb di SMKN 1 Geneng. Instrumen pengambilan data dengan menggunakan metode tes. Dalam menganalisis data menggunakan teknik korelasi product moment dan uji signifikansi dengan rumus t-tes. Hasil perhitungan korelasi product moment (r) sebesar 0,852 dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil ini lebih besar dari r tabel korelasi yaitu sebesar 0,244 atau 0,852 &gt; 0,244, ini berarti masuk kategori tinggi pada tabel interprestasi, karena masuk antara 0,800 sampai dengan 1,00. Sedangkan hasil perhitungan lainnya dengan uji signifikan t-tes dengan kesalahan 12% uji dua fihak diperoleh t tabel = 1,782, ini berarti hasil perhitungan uji signifikan t-tes lebih besar dari dari harga t-tabel atau 12,827 &gt; 1,782. Dengan demikian penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara metode penguasaan teori dasar-dasar elektronika dangan metode penguasaan pengukuran komponen elektronika dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar pada mata pelajaran dasar kompetensi kejuruan materi memahami dasar-dasar elektronika siswa kelas X SMKN 1 Geneng.</p><p> </p>
UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEAKTIFAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI METODE CTL PADA MATA PELAJARAN ELEKTRONIKA DI SMP PGRI KARANGJATI NGAWI
Authors: Imansari Nurulita , Maryono Moh. Tri 
Published: April 2018

<p>Rendahnya keaktifan dan prestasi belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran Dasar-dasar Elektronika merupakan masalah yang sering muncul dalam pembelajaran Dasar-dasar Elektronika. Hal ini dikarenakan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan guru kurang masih belum mampu membantu siswa dalam meningkatkan keaktifan dan prestasi belajarnya. Pembelajaran melalui metode pembelajaran CTL dapat membuat siswa lebih aktif dan kreatif dalam kegiatan belajar.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil peningkatan keaktifan dan prestasi belajar dasar-dasar elektronika dengan menggunakan metode CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning). Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII yang berjumlah 28 siswa terdiri dari 12 anak laki-laki dan 16 anak<br />perempuan Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes formatif ,Tes<br />dilaksanakan pada akhir siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada keaktifan siklus I 15,82, kemudian pada siklus II 20,78, dan pada tes formatif siklus I 75,35, kemudian pada siklus II 83,92.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan melalui metode CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) , disimpulkan bahwa metode CTL dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI Karangjati Ngawi</p><p> </p>
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN METODE PENDEKATAN BERBASIS AKTIFITAS PADA MATERI ARUS, TEGANGAN DAN TAHANAN LISTRIK DI SMK NEGERI 1 WONOASRI
Authors: Endramawan Prabakti , Prasetyo Yoyok Teguh 
Published: April 2018

<p>Rendahnya keaktifan dan prestasi belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran Dasar-dasar Elektronika merupakan masalah yang sering muncul dalam pembelajaran Dasar-dasar Elektronika. Hal ini dikarenakan metode pembelajaran yang digunakan guru kurang masih belum mampu membantu siswa dalam meningkatkan keaktifan dan prestasi belajarnya. Pembelajaran melalui metode pembelajaran CTL dapat membuat siswa lebih aktif dan kreatif dalam kegiatan belajar.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil peningkatan keaktifan dan prestasi belajar dasar-dasar elektronika dengan menggunakan metode CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning). Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII yang berjumlah 28 siswa terdiri dari 12 anak laki-laki dan 16 anak<br />perempuan Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes formatif ,Tes<br />dilaksanakan pada akhir siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada keaktifan siklus I 15,82, kemudian pada siklus II 20,78, dan pada tes formatif siklus I 75,35, kemudian pada siklus II 83,92.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan melalui metode CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) , disimpulkan bahwa metode CTL dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP PGRI Karangjati Ngawi</p><p> </p>
MANAJEMEN LABORATORIUM PENDIDIKAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO (Studi Kasus di FKIP-Universitas PGRI Madiun)
Authors: Imansari Nurulita 
Published: April 2018

<p class="Abstract">Fungsi Laboratorium Pendidikan Teknik Elektro adalah sebagai tempat praktikum mata kuliah bidang teknik elektro serta tempat untuk melakukan penelitian bagi mahasiswa dan dosen. Fokus penelitian adalah manajemen Laboratorium Pendidikan Teknik Elektro. Fokus dijabarkan menjadi empat sub fokus, yaitu : perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakan dan pengawasan Laboratorium Pendidikan Teknik Elektro. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakan, dan pengawasan Laboratorium Pendidikan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, UNIVERSITAS PGRI Madiun.</p><p class="Abstract">Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam, pengamatan peran dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Perencanaan : merumuskan tujuan yang akan dicapai, mengumpulkan data, penyusunan program kerja ; (2) Pengorganisasian : mengidentifikasi kegiatan yang perlu dilakukan, mengelompokkan jenis-jenis kegiatan tersebut, penyusunan struktur organisasi, perumusan wewenang dan tanggung jawab, peyusunan staf personil ; (3) Penggerakan : sistem koordinasi, pelatihan, studi banding ; (4) Pengawasan : alat dan bahan, kegiatan praktikum, administrasi, perawatan.</p>
PENGARUH PENERAPAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MACROMEDIA FLASH BERBASIS PROBLEM SOLVING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH PROTEKSI SISTEM TENAGA LISTRIK
Authors: Aisya Yori Anggi Tandya , - Purwandari , Kartikawati Sulistyaning 
Published: April 2018

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan media pembelajaran <em>macromedia flash</em> berbasis <em>problem solving</em> terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Proteksi Sistem Tenaga Listrik. Dalam pembelajaran mata kuliah Proteksi Sistem Tenaga Listrik kurang adanya kolaborasi penggunaan media dan metode pembelajaran yang efisien, membuat mahasiswa kurang aktif dalam pembelajaran serta minat belajar mahasiswa menjadi kurang sehingga hasil belajar mahasiswa menjadi rendah.</p><p> Penelitian ini berbentuk penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan satu kelas, diambil menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh dengan kelas sebelum perlakuan <em>(pretest)</em> diajar dengan mentode konvensional/ceramah dan kelas sesudah perlakuan <em>(posttest)</em> diajar dengan media pembelajaran <em>macromedia flash</em> berbasis <em>problem solving</em>. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode tes dan metode dokumentasi untuk data hasil belajar mahasiswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t.</p> Berdasarkan hasil uji t yang menunjukkan bahwa t<sub>hitung </sub>= 12,93 dan t<sub>tabel </sub>= 1,78 untuk db = 12 dan taraf signifikansi 5%, t<sub>hitung<em> </em></sub>&gt; t<sub>tabel</sub>, sehingga hipotesis penelitian terbukti atau diterima. Simpulan pada penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh dari penerapan media pembelajaran <em>macromedia flash</em> berbasis <em>problem solving </em>untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Proteksi Sistem Tenaga Listrik.
VALIDATION AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAD AND CADMIUM IN DRIED STEVIA LEAVES BY GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: Nguyen Dong Kim , Lâm Ngân Thi kim 
Published: April 2018

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>A Graphite Furnace - Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (GF-AAS) for the quantification of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in dried stevia leaves were developed and validated. The method was validated for some parameters, namely linearity and range, precision, accuracy, Limit of Detection (LoD) and Limit of Quantification (LoQ), according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). The developed method was linear over the concentration ranging 0 - 2 µg/L (Cd) and 0 – 20 µg/L (Pb). The correlation coefficient (r) obtained for two metal are higher than 0.995. Limit of detection (LOD) of Cd and Pb was 0.12 µg/L, 0.33 µg/L. The recovery and repeatability in this method were good enough for determining these heavy metals in dried stevia leaves sample.The developed method has been applied successfully for determination of Cd and Pb levels in dried stevia leaves in Vietnam.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Keywords: Stevia, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometera (AAS), recovery, detection limit, validation.</strong></p>
Isolement / Eclipse lunaire
Authors: Auteur.e.s Divers.es 
Published: April 2018

Isolement / Eclipse lunaireCe poème a été créé à partir de deux noms de couleur cités à la page 49 de L’esprit du temps / The Spirit of the Time de Daniel Dugas (Sudbury : Prise de parole, 2015). Ses auteurs sont Daniel Dugas, Amandine F, Dailia F, Craig M, Keira R-W, Jaclyn M, Katie M, Stefanie G, Kaitlyn M, Chris B, Sam H, Aimée H, Jennie M, Maddy C, Mariah D, Brandon B, Andrea C, Michelle N, Brendan L, Alex F, Elizabeth A, Marilyn B. La coordinatrice est Catherine Parayre.
Statement
Authors: Artists Various 
Published: April 2018

Expressions of Today / Expressions d’aujourd’hui 3.3-16.3 2018, Niagara Artist Centre, St. Catharines, O Students in Studies in Arts and Culture as well as in French Studies, Brock University explore contemporary expressions in art and literature and create unusual stories mixing narrative and art-making. Their starting point is a graffiti artwork by artist Mat Vizbulis.Des étudiants en Etudes en français et en Studies in Arts and Culture à l’Université Brock explorent des expressions contemporaines dans l’art et la littérature, et construisent des histoires inhabituelles mélangeant narration et création d’art. Leur point de départ est un graffiti de l’artiste Mat Vizbulis.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI SISWA KELAS V SD INPRES BATULAPPA KABUPATEN BARRU MELALUI SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN EMOSIONAL
Authors: Dirham Muhammad 
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perencanaan, penggunaan, dan penilaian peningkatan kemampuan Menulis Puisi Siswa Kelas V SD Inpres Batulappa Kabupaten Barru melalui Sistem Pembelajaran Emosional. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Data penelitian adalah tindakan berupa respons tingkah laku guru dan siswa dalam interaksi pembelajaran di kelas. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa kelas V SD Inpres Batulappa Kabupaten Barru dengan jumlah siswa 19 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan teknik tes, pengamatan, dan wawancara. Adapun teknik analisis data dengan (1) Menelaah seluruh data yang telah terkumpul, (2) reduksi data, (3) penyajian data atau memaparkan data, dan (4) menyimpulkan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan pembelajaran telah terlaksana dengan baik. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran mulai dari kegiatan awal, kegiatan inti, dan kegiatan akhir dapat meningkatkan kemampuan Menulis Puisi Siswa Kelas V SD Inpres Batulappa Kabupaten Barru. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh bahwa persentase ketuntasan belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I jumlah siswa yang tuntas 14 siswa dengan persentase 73 % dan pada siklus II jumlah siswa yang tuntas 19 siswa dengan persentase 94,74% kualifikasi sangat baik 18 siswa dan 1 siswa kualifikasi baik persentase 5,26%. Pada tahap pelaksanaan juga terjadi peningkatan. Proses pembelajaran berlangsung dengan sangat baik dengan keinginan siswa untuk mengikuti seluruh proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru di kelas. Pada penilaian kemampuan menulis puisi dengan sistem pembelajaran emosional, guru lebih mampu melakukan penilaian secara komprehensif yaitu penilaian hasil dan penilaian proses. Oleh karena itu, disarankan kepada guru Bahasa Indonesia agar dapat menggunakan sistem pembelajaran emosional dalam pembelajaran kemampuan menulis puisi.