bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principal Actions of Stacky Lie Groupoids
Authors: Bursztyn Henrique , Noseda Francesco , Zhu Chenchang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Stacky Lie groupoids are generalizations of Lie groupoids in which the “space of arrows” of the groupoid is a differentiable stack. In this paper, we consider actions of stacky Lie groupoids on differentiable stacks and their associated quotients. We provide a characterization of principal actions of stacky Lie groupoids, that is, actions whose quotients are again differentiable stacks in such a way that the projection onto the quotient is a principal bundle. As an application, we extend the notion of Morita equivalence of Lie groupoids to the realm of stacky Lie groupoids, providing examples that naturally arise from non-integrable Lie algebroids.
The Family Meal Challenge
Authors: Fruh Sharon M. , Mulekar Madhuri S. , Crook Errol , Hall Heather R. , Adams James , Lemley Trey 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT:
African Americans have increased rates of overweight and obesity and are least likely to participate in family meals compared with other racial groups. A Family Meal Challenge (FMC) was developed with the objective of empowering individuals to eat healthy meals together as a family. The FMC was presented through four classes in three churches, two faith-based ministries, and two community service programs in health disparity zip codes. Surveys (N = 257) indicated a positive response. Engaging participants and teaching the benefits of eating healthy family meals in a faith-based environment are feasible and may increase the frequency of family meals. Information is provided to create and implement an FMC in any faith setting.
Virtual Prayer Groups
Authors: Jacobson Sheri , Stallwood Lynda 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT:
Nurses face challenges in their caregiving work, risking compassion fatigue. Online nurse educators, with 24/7 expectations to respond to students, face such issues. This article relates the experience of three online nurse educators who established a virtual prayer group online and found it to be spiritually nourishing. Suggestions for establishing a virtual prayer group are provided.
Exposures to Air Pollution and Risk of Acute-onset Placental Abruption
Authors: Ananth Cande V. , Kioumourtzoglou Marianthi-Anna , Huang Yongmei , Ross Zev , Friedman Alexander M. , Williams Michelle A. , Wang Shuang , Mittleman Murray A. , Schwartz Joel 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Despite abruption’s elusive etiology, knowledge of triggers that precede it by just a few days prior to delivery may help to understand the underpinnings of this acute obstetrical complication. We examine whether air pollution exposures immediately preceding delivery are associated with acute-onset abruptions.

Methods:
We applied a bidirectional, time-stratified, case-crossover design to births with an abruption diagnosis in New York City, 2008–2014. We measured ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We fit distributed lag nonlinear models based on conditional logistic regression to evaluate individual exposure and cumulative exposures over lags 0–7 days before abruption, adjusted for temperature and relative humidity (similar lags to the main exposures).

Results:
We identified 1,190 abruption cases. We observed increased odds of abruption for exposure to PM2.5 (per 10 μg/m3) on lag day 3 (odds ratio [OR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98, 1.43), lag day 4 (OR 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.46), and lag day 5 (OR 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.33). Similarly, the odds of abruption increased with exposure to NO2 (per 5 ppb) on lag day 3 (OR 1.16, 95% CI = 0.98, 1.37), lag day 4 (OR 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.39), and lag day 5 (OR 1.16, 95% CI = 1.05, 1.27). Exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 at other lags, or cumulative exposures, were not associated with abruption of acute onset.

Conclusions:
This case-crossover study showed evidence of an association between short-term ambient air pollution exposures and increased abruption risk of acute onset.
Rehabilitation Trajectories and Outcomes in Individuals With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychiatric Histories: A TRACK-TBI Pilot Study
Authors: Bertisch Hilary , Satris Gigi , Temkin Nancy , Barber Jason , Manley Geoffrey T. 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
To determine differences in rehabilitation trajectories and return to work (RTW) and social outcomes in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with and without significant psychiatric histories at index hospitalization.

Setting:
Three level 1 trauma centers participating in the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) consortium.

Participants:
A total of 305 individuals with index mTBI enrolled in the TRACK-TBI pilot project.

Design:
Secondary analysis of data from the TRACK-TBI pilot study.

Main Measures:
Chart review and patient/family interview at emergency department (ED) admission, ED clinical data, ED discharge plan, functional interview data at 3- and 6-month outcomes, Trail Making Tests, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition, Processing Speed Index, the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition, and the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique.

Results:
Controlling for neurological history and CT lesion at ED admission, participants with and without psychiatric histories did not differ in terms of treatment, return to work, or reported social function. Individuals with psychiatric histories demonstrated lower processing speed and reported reduced satisfaction with occupational function at outcome.

Conclusions:
Individuals with mTBI and psychiatric histories may require specialized rehabilitation planning to address increased risk for cognitive difficulties and occupational dissatisfaction at outcome. CT lesion may independently influence outcomes.
Quality of Life in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Survivors
Authors: Jung Ahrang , Nielsen Matthew E. , Crandell Jamie L. , Palmer Mary H. , Bryant Ashley Leak , Smith Sophia K. , Mayer Deborah K. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundNon-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) represents approximately 75% of newly diagnosed patients with bladder cancer. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer survivors have unique chronic burdens including frequent recurrences, repeated surveillance cystoscopies and treatments, and the highest lifetime medical cost per person among all cancers.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to summarize studies assessing quality of life (QOL) in NMIBC survivors.MethodsThe literature from January 2005 to March 2017 found in PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases was reviewed systematically. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) research about NMIBC survivors, (2) outcomes included QOL, (3) original research article published in peer-reviewed journals, and (4) published in English.ResultsA total of 15 studies were included: 14 quantitative studies and 1 mixed-methods study. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer survivors had significantly lower QOL compared with the general population, especially in fatigue, physical and role functioning, and mental health. Repeated transurethral resections and intravesical treatments were associated with impaired physical function and mental health. Most NMIBC survivors had concerns of urinary and bowel problems and sexual function.ConclusionDespite a good prognosis, NMIBC and its treatment have a significant impact on QOL in survivors. The findings showed large burdens in NMIBC survivors and suggest that further research is needed to better understand potential opportunities to improve QOL in this population.Implications for PracticeOncology nurses are in the critical position for assessing symptoms and concerns. Oncology nurses should pay special attention to NMIBC survivors who have unique symptoms and burden with the aim of improving survivors' QOL.
Clinical, Dopaminergic, and Metabolic Correlations in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Liu Feng-Tao , Ge Jing-Jie , Wu Jian-Jun , Wu Ping , Ma Yilong , Zuo Chuan-Tao , Wang Jian 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
Neuroimaging indicators of Parkinson disease have been developed and applied in clinical practices. Dopaminergic imaging reflects nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction, and metabolic network imaging offers disease-related metabolic changes at a system level. We aimed to elucidate the association between Parkinsonian symptoms and neuroimaging, and interactions between different imaging techniques.

Methods
We conducted a dual-tracer PET study for the combined assessments of dopaminergic binding (11C-CFT) and glucose metabolism (18F-FDG) in 103 participants with Parkinson disease (65 male and 38 female subjects). The detailed clinical rating scores were systematically collected in all members. The interactions among dopaminergic bindings, metabolic changes, and clinical manifestations were evaluated at voxel, regional, and network levels.

Results
Striatal DAT binding correlated with akinesia-rigidity (P < 0.001) but not with tremor; the metabolic PET imaging, nonspecific to the dopaminergic dysfunction, disclosed a set of brain regions correlating with the cardinal symptoms, including tremor. In addition, the unilateral symptom correlated with the contralateral nigrostriatal dopamine loss, but with bilateral metabolic changes, suggesting their differences in the application of disease-related mechanistic studies. Further imaging-imaging correlation study revealed that dopaminergic dysfunction correlated with widely distributed metabolic changes in Parkinson disease, and the modest correlations supported the findings on the clinical-imaging correlation.

Conclusions
In this dual-tracer PET study, we demonstrated the robust interactions among dopaminergic dysfunction, metabolic brain changes and clinical manifestations at voxel, regional, and network levels. Our findings might promote the understanding in the proper application of dopaminergic and metabolic PET imaging in Parkinson disease and offer more evidence in support of Parkinsonian pathophysiological mechanisms.
A Rare Case of Retroperitoneal Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma Identified by 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT
Authors: Li Yi , Xu Xiaoping , Xu Junyan , Huang Dan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a very rare neoplasm, which is not lymphoma, but originates from a type of immune cells called follicular dendritic cells. We presented a 37-year-old woman who has suffered from obstructive jaundice, weight loss and right upper abdominal pain for 2 months. The contrast CT revealed masses located in the region of pancreatic head and lots of enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes, both of which were enhanced on the artery phase of CT images. Meanwhile, 99mTc-HYNIC-TOC SPECT/CT revealed high activity in the corresponding lesions. After biopsy, the masses were pathologically confirmed as retroperitoneal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.
Pretest Scores Uniquely Predict 1-Year-Delayed Performance in a Simulation-Based Mastery Course for Central Line Insertion
Authors: Diederich Emily , Thomas Laura , Mahnken Jonathan , Lineberry Matthew 
Published: June 2018

Introduction
Within simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) courses, there is inconsistent inclusion of learner pretesting, which requires considerable resources and is contrary to popular instructional frameworks. However, it may have several benefits, including its direct benefit as a form of deliberate practice and its facilitation of more learner-specific subsequent deliberate practice. We consider an unexplored potential benefit of pretesting: its ability to predict variable long-term learner performance.

Methods
Twenty-seven residents completed an SBML course in central line insertion. Residents were tested on simulated central line insertion precourse, immediately postcourse, and after between 64 and 82 weeks. We analyzed pretest scores' prediction of delayed test scores, above and beyond prediction by program year, line insertion experiences in the interim, and immediate posttest scores.

Results
Pretest scores related strongly to delayed test scores (r = 0.59, P = 0.01; disattenuated ρ = 0.75). The number of independent central lines inserted also related to year-delayed test scores (r = 0.44, P = 0.02); other predictors did not discernibly relate. In a regression model jointly predicting delayed test scores, pretest was a significant predictor (β = 0.487, P = 0.011); number of independent insertions was not (β = 0.234, P = 0.198).

Conclusions
This study suggests that pretests can play a major role in predicting learner variance in learning gains from SBML courses, thus facilitating more targeted refresher training. It also exposes a risk in SBML courses that learners who meet immediate mastery standards may be incorrectly assumed to have equal long-term learning gains.
Alevin efficiently estimates accurate gene abundances from dscRNA-seq data
Authors: Srivastava Avi , Malik Laraib , Smith Tom , Sudbery Ian , Patro Rob 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe introduce alevin, a fast end-to-end pipeline to process droplet-based single cell RNA sequencing data, which performs cell barcode detection, read mapping, unique molecular identifier deduplication, gene count estimation, and cell barcode whitelisting. Alevin’s approach to UMI deduplication accounts for both gene-unique reads and reads that multimap between genes. This addresses the inherent bias in existing tools which discard gene-ambiguous reads, and improves the accuracy of gene abundance estimates.
A quasi-integral controller for adaptation of genetic modules to variable ribosome demand
Authors: Huang Hsin-Ho , Qian Yili , Del Vecchio Domitilla 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe behavior of genetic circuits is often poorly predictable. A gene’s expression level is not only determined by the intended regulators, but also largely dictated by changes in ribosome availability imparted by activation or repression of other genes. To address this problem, we design a quasi-integral biomolecular feedback controller that enables the expression level of any gene of interest (GOI) to adapt to changes in available ribosomes. The feedback is implemented through a synthetic small RNA (sRNA) that silences the GOI’s mRNA, and uses orthogonal extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor to sense the GOI’s translation and to actuate sRNA transcription. Without the controller, the expression level of the GOI is reduced by 50% when a resource competitor is activated. With the controller, by contrast, gene expression level is practically unaffected by the competitor. This feedback controller allows adaptation of genetic modules to variable ribosome demand and thus aids modular construction of complicated circuits.
Age affects myosin relaxation states in skeletal muscle fibers of female but not male mice
Authors: Phung Lien A. , Karvinen Sira M. , Colson Brett A. , Thomas David D. , Lowe Dawn A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe recent discovery that myosin has two distinct states in relaxed muscle – disordered relaxed (DRX) and super-relaxed (SRX) – provides another factor to consider in our fundamental understanding of the aging mechanism in skeletal muscle, since myosin is thought to be a potential contributor to dynapenia. The primary goal of this study was to determine the effects of age on DRX and SRX states and to examine their sex specificity. We have used quantitative fluorescence microscopy of the fluorescent nucleotide analog 2′/3′-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl) ATP (mantATP) to measure single-nucleotide turnover kinetics of myosin in skinned skeletal muscle fibers under relaxing conditions. We examined changes in DRX and SRX in response to the natural aging process by measuring the turnover of mantATP in skinned fibers isolated from psoas muscle of adult young (3-4 months old) and aged (26-28 months old) C57BL/6 female and male mice. Fluorescence decays were fitted to a multi-exponential decay function to determine both the time constants and mole fractions of fast and slow turnover populations, and significance was analyzed by a t-test. We found that in females, both the DRX and SRX lifetimes of myosin ATP turnover at steady state were shorter in aged muscle fibers compared to young muscle fibers (p≤0.033). However, there was no significant difference in relaxation lifetime of either DRX (p=0.202) or SRX (p=0.804) between young and aged male mice. No significant effects were measured on the mole fractions (populations) of these states, as a function of sex or age (females, p=0.100; males, p=0.929). The effect of age on the order of myosin heads at rest and their ATPase function is sex specific, affecting only females. These findings provide new insight into the molecular factors and mechanisms that contribute to aging muscle dysfunction in a sex-specific manner.
A functional study of all 40C. elegansinsulin-like peptides
Authors: Zheng Shanqing , Chiu Hilton , Boudreau Jeffrey , Papanicolaou Tony , Bendena William , Chin-Sang Ian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe human genome encodes ten insulin-like genes, whereas theC. elegansgenome remarkably encodes forty insulin-like genes. The roles of insulin/insulin-like peptide ligands (INS) inC. elegansare not well understood. The functional redundancy of the forty INS genes makes it challenging to address their functions by using knock out strategies. Here, we individually overexpressed each of the fortyinsgenes pan-neuronally, and monitored multiple phenotypes including: L1 arrest life span, neuroblast divisions under L1 arrest, dauer formation and fat accumulation, as readouts to characterize the functions of each INSin vivo. Of the 40 INS peptides, we found functions for 35 INS peptides and functionally categorized each as agonists, antagonists or of pleiotropic function. In particular, we found that 9 of 16 agonistic INS peptides shortened L1 arrest life span and promoted neuroblast divisions during L1 arrest. Our study revealed that a subset of β-class INS peptides that contain a distinct F peptide sequence are agonists. Our work is the first to categorize the structures of INS peptides and relate these structures to the functions of all forty INS peptidesin vivo. Our findings will promote the study of insulin function on development, metabolism, and aging-related diseases.Author SummaryInsulin and insulin-like growth factors are found in all animals and regulate many physiological and developmental processes. The human genome has 10 insulin-like peptides including the well characterized insulin hormone. The nematodeC. eleganshas 40 insulin-like (INS) peptide genes. All 40 INS peptides have been knocked out but no single INS gene knock out resembles the loss of theC. elegansinsulin receptor suggesting that the other INS peptides can compensate when one INS is lost. We have used a genetic approach to overexpress each of the 40 INS peptides inC. elegansand have identifiedin vivofunction for 35 of the 40 INS peptides. Like the human insulin and IGF-1,C. elegansINS peptides are derived from a precursor protein and we have shown that INS peptides with an associated peptide called the F peptide are strong activators of theC. elegansinsulin-like receptor. We also identified several INS peptides that inhibit the insulin-like receptor and these inhibitory INS peptides may have therapeutic potential.
TGFβ blocks IFNα/β release and tumor rejection in spontaneous mammary tumors
Authors: Guerin Marion V. , Regnier Fabienne , Feuillet Vincent , Vimeux Lene , Weiss Julia M. , Bismuth Georges , Altan-Bonnet Gregoire , Guilbert Thomas , Thoreau Maxime , Finisguerra Veronica , Donnadieu Emmanuel , Trautmann Alain , Bercovici Nadège 
Published: June 2018

SummaryType I interferons (IFN) are being rediscovered as potent anti-tumoral agents. Activation of the STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) by DMXAA can induce a strong production of IFNα/β and the rejection of transplanted primary tumors. In the present study, we addressed whether targeting STING with DMXAA also leads to the regression of spontaneous MMTV-PyMT mammary tumors. We show that these tumors are refractory to DMXAA-induced regression. This is due to a blockade in the phosphorylation of IRF3 and the ensuing IFNα/β production. Mechanistically, we identified TGFβ abundant in spontaneous tumors, as a key molecule limiting this IFN-induced-tumor regression by DMXAA. Finally, blocking TGFβ restores the production of IFNα by activated MHCII+tumor-associated macrophages, and enables tumor regression induced by STING activation. On the basis of these findings, we propose that type I IFN-dependent cancer therapies could be greatly improved by combinations including the blockade of TGFβ.
Policy driven changes in animal research practices: mapping researchers’ attitudes towards animal-free innovations using the Netherlands as an example
Authors: Bressers S. , van den Elzen H. , Gräwe C. , van den Oetelaar D. , Postma P.H.A. , Schoustra S.K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReducing the number of animals used in experiments has become a priority for the governments of many countries. For these reductions to occur, animal-free alternatives must be made more available and, crucially, must be embraced by researchers. We conducted an international online survey for academics in the field of animal science (N=367) to explore researchers’ attitudes towards the implementation of animal-free innovations.Through this survey we address three key questions. The first question is whether scientists who use animals in their research consider governmental goals for animal-free innovations achievable and whether they would support such goals. Secondly, responders were asked to rank the importance of ten roadblocks that could hamper the implementation of animal-free innovations. Finally, responders were asked whether they would migrate (either themselves or their research) if increased animal research regulations in their country of residence restricted their research. While nearly half (40%) of the responders support governmental goals, the majority (71%) of researchers did not consider such goals achievable in their field within the near future. In terms of roadblocks for implementation of animal-free methods, ∼80% of the responders considered ‘reliability’ as important, making it the most highly ranked roadblock. However, all other roadblocks were reported by the majority of responders as somewhat important, suggesting that they must also be considered when addressing animal-free innovations. Importantly, a majority reported that they would consider migration to another country in response to restrictive animal research policy. Thus, governments must consider the risk of researchers migrating to other institutes, states or countries, leading to a ‘brain-drain’ if policies are too strict or suitable animal-free alternatives are not available. Our findings suggest that development and implementation of animal-free innovations are hampered by multiple factors. We outline three pillars concerning education, governmental influence and data sharing, the implementation of which may help to overcome these roadblocks to animal-free innovations.