bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bar pattern speeds in CALIFA galaxies
Authors: Cuomo Virginia , Lopez Aguerri J. Alfonso , Corsini Enrico Maria , Debattista Victor P. , Méndez-Abreu Jairo , Pizzella Alessandro 
Published: October 2019

Context.About 35% of the nearby disc galaxies host a weak bar for which different formation scenarios, including the weakening of a strong bar and tidal interaction with a companion, have been suggested. Measuring the bar pattern speeds of a sample of weakly barred galaxies is a key step in constraining their formation process, but such a systematic investigation is still missing.Aims.We investigated the formation process of weak bars by measuring their properties in a sample of 29 nearby weakly barred galaxies, spanning a wide range of morphological types and luminosities. The sample galaxies were selected to have an intermediate inclination, a bar at an intermediate angle between the disc minor and major axes, and an undisturbed morphology and kinematics to allow the direct measurement of the bar pattern speed. Combining our analysis with previous studies, we compared the properties of weak and strong bars.Methods.We measured the bar radius and strength from therband images available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and bar pattern speed and corotation radius from the stellar kinematics obtained by the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey. We derived the bar rotation rate as the ratio between the corotation and bar radii.Results.Thirteen out of 29 galaxies (45%), which were morphologically classified as weakly barred from a visual inspection, do not actually host a bar component or their central elongated component is not in rigid rotation. We successfully derived the bar pattern speed in 16 objects. Two of them host an ultrafast bar. Using the bar strength to differentiate between weak and strong bars, we found that the weakly barred galaxies host shorter bars with smaller corotation radii than their strongly barred counterparts. Weak and strong bars have similar bar pattern speeds and rotation rates, which are all consistent with being fast. We did not observe any difference between the bulge prominence in weakly and strongly barred galaxies, whereas nearly all the weak bars reside in the disc inner parts, contrary to strong bars.Conclusions.We ruled out that the bar weakening is only related to the bulge prominence and that the formation of weak bars is triggered by the tidal interaction with a companion. Our observational results suggest that weak bars may be evolved systems exchanging less angular momentum with other galactic components than strong bars.
Antikoagulation und Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung bei chronischer Nierenkrankheit
Authors: Schirmer Stephan H. , Brandenburg Vincent , Antlanger Marlies 
Published: October 2019

Was ist neu?
Orale Antikoagulation bei nicht dialysepflichtiger chronischer Nierenkrankheit In großen Zulassungsstudien haben sich die Nicht-Vitamin-K-abhängigen oralen Antikoagulanzien (NOAK) bei Patienten mit nicht valvulärem Vorhofflimmern als mindestens so effektiv in der Verhinderung thromboembolischer Ereignisse gezeigt wie Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA). Die NOAK zeigen generell eine geringere Neigung zu schweren, lebensbedrohlichen Blutungen als die VKA. In den Zulassungsstudien wurden Patienten mit einer Kreatinin-Clearance von kleiner 30 ml/min meist nicht inkludiert, sodass für Patienten mit einer Kreatinin-Clearance von 15–30 ml/min zwar für Rivaroxaban, Apixaban und Edoxaban eine Zulassung besteht, die Datenlage zur Effektivität und Sicherheit jedoch nicht so fundiert ist wie bei Patienten mit einer Kreatinin-Clearance von > 30 ml/min.
Antikoagulation bei terminaler Niereninsuffizienz Die Indikation zur Antikoagulation muss bei chronischen Dialysepatienten mit Vorhofflimmern derzeit weiterhin individualisiert gestellt werden. Es ist in diesem Kollektiv unklar, ob dialysepflichtige VHF-Patienten überhaupt von einer oralen Antikoagulation profitieren und welches hierfür eine sichere und effektive Substanz ist: Randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien zu Apixaban versus VKA werden klären, ob NOAK eine sichere und effiziente Therapiestrategie bei diesem Patientenkollektiv sind (RENAL-AF, AXADIA).
Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung bei chronischer Nierenkrankheit Generell sollten Patienten auch mit schwerer CKD oder Dialysepflichtigkeit die Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung nach kardiologischer Leitlinienempfehlung erhalten. Auf dem Boden des erhöhten Blutungsrisikos in diesem Kollektiv erscheinen moderne Kombinationen aus NOAK und einer einzelnen TAH-Substanz, die das alte „Triple-Regime“, bestehend aus doppelter TAH plus VKA ersetzen, besonders interessant.
Infektionen des Auges – was sollten Internisten wissen?
Authors: Neß Thomas , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: October 2019

Was ist neu?
Hornhautentzündung (Keratitis) Eine Keratitis kann durch viele unterschiedliche Erreger verursacht werden.
Infektiöse Uveitis Bei der infektiösen Uveitis zeigen sich vermehrt alte Infektionen wie die Syphilis oder die Tuberkulose, aber auch lokale Infektionen mit Protozoen oder Viren.
Endophthalmitis Die Endophthalmitis als Komplikation von intraokularen Eingriffen gewinnt durch die Zunahme der Kataraktoperationen und vor allem der intravitrealen Medikamentengabe immer mehr an Bedeutung.
The effect of gender-specific invitation letters on utilization of colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Zhan Tianzuo , Hielscher Thomas , Eckardt Maximilian , Giese Thomas , Schäfer Christoph , Riemann Jürgen F. , Ebert Matthias P. , Belle Sebastian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background and aim Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can effectively reduce cancer-associated mortality. In Germany, individuals over the age of 50 or 55 have access to CRC screening services. However, utilization rates are persistently low, particular in the male population. This observational study investigates the effect of standard versus gender-specific invitation letters on utilization of CRC screening services.
Methods We analyzed utilization rates of individuals who were insured by a large health insurance fund in Bavaria, Germany. Persons who became eligible for CRC screening received a standard (2013–2014) or a gender-specific invitation letter (2015–2016). We compared utilization rates within 6 months after receipt of the invitation letter using billing codes of the health insurance fund.
Results Invitation letters were sent to 49 535 individuals, of which 48.8 % were gender-specific. The overall utilization rate did not differ between recipients of the standard versus gender-specific invitation letter (11.6 % vs 11.1 %; RR: 0.97 [0.92–1.02], p = 0.19). However, uptake of screening colonoscopy was significantly higher among recipients of gender-specific invitations (2.9 % vs 3.5 %; RR: 1.21 [1.04–1.39], p = 0.01), whereas utilization of fecal occult blood tests declined (10.4 % vs 9.7 %; RR: 0.93 [0.88–0.99], p = 0.016).
Conclusions Gender-specific design of invitation letters can modify the patients’ preference for specific CRC screening services and increase the acceptance of screening colonoscopy.
Recent Advances in Reactions of Propargylamines
Authors: Sheng Xia , Chen Kaijun , Shi Chengjin , Huang Dayun 
Published: October 2019

Propargylamines are extremely versatile and common building blocks in the field of chemistry. This review highlights the recent advances made in the reactions of propargylamines between 2009 and 2019. The reaction types are classified into six categories based on the trigger mechanisms: (1) amino moieties as leaving groups, (2) hydrogenation, (3) rearrangement, (4) nucleophilic amines, (5) nucleophilic carbons, and (6) electrophilic alkynes. We hope that this review will promote future research in this area.1	Introduction2	Amino Moieties as Leaving Groups3	Hydrogenation4	Rearrangement5	Nucleophilic Amines6	Nucleophilic Carbons
7	Electrophilic Alkynes8	Conclusions
Study of nonlinear optical properties of TiO2 – polystyrene nanocomposite films
Authors: Zeinali M. , Jaleh B. , Rashidian Vaziri M.R. , Omidvar A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We consider an ex-situ prepared TiO2 − polystyrene (TiO2 − PS) nanocomposite, with different concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), deposited by the spin-coating method on quartz substrates. Nonlinear optical properties of the TiO2 − PS nanocomposite films are studied using the Z-scan technique. Structural properties of the films are investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The optical band gap energy of the TiO2 − PS films are determined from the optical absorption spectra. The relation between the optical nonlinearities and the bandgap energy, as a microscopic electronic property of the semiconductor nanocomposite, is established. It is shown that an increase in the content of TiO2 NPs in the nanocomposite films results in bandgap narrowing and concomitant enhancement of optical nonlinearities. It is proposed that bandgap narrowing and enhancement of optical nonlinearities can be ascribed to the introduction of mid-gap states as a result of the formation of surface defects in TiO2 NPs. The results of this work indicate that incorporation of TiO2 NPs in the PS polymeric matrix can be a new way for bandgap narrowing of TiO2 NPs toward the visible light region, which is of great interest for their application in this part of the spectrum. Furthermore, enhancement of the optical nonlinearities of the spin-coated TiO2 − PS films by increasing the TiO2 NP content can open up new avenues for their use as nonlinear optical films in photonics applications.
Asymptotic theory of ponderomotive dynamics of an electron in the field of a focused relativistically intense electromagnetic envelope
Authors: Shiryaev O.B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Based on a formal asymptotic solution of Maxwell’s equations for a field propagating in a vacuum and of the relativistic Newton equation for an electron driven by the corresponding Lorentz force, we construct a description of the relativistic ponderomotive dynamics of an electron in the field of an intense focused electromagnetic envelope. A small parameter for the asymptotic expansion is proportional to the ratio of the radiation wavelength to the focal spot radius. Using the obtained averaged model of ponderomotive dynamics, electron beam scattering patterns are plotted with regard to an angle relative to the electromagnetic field propagation axis for laser pulses with a Gaussian transverse intensity distribution, as well as the energy spectra of scattered electrons corresponding to individual ranges of this angle. Scattered particles are absent in some ranges of the polar angle.
Population gratings produced in a quantum system by a pair of sub-cycle pulses
Authors: Arkhipov R.M. , Arkhipov M.V. , Pakhomov A.V. , Rosanov N.N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Possible generation of light-induced harmonic population gratings in a quantum system by two half-cycle pulses is studied using the approximate solution of the Schrödinger equation. The case is considered where the duration of pulses is shorter than the resonance transition periods in the system and the pulses do not overlap in the medium. The grating modulation depth is determined by the pulse electric area.
Attainment of a 40 TW peak output power with a visible-range hybrid femtosecond laser system
Authors: Alekseev S.V. , Ivanov N.G. , Losev V.F. , Mesyats G.A. , Mikheev L.D. , Ratakhin N.A. , Panchenko Yu.N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report the results of investigations aimed at raising the peak output power of a THL-100 visible-range hybrid femtosecond laser system based on a XeF(C − A) photodissociation amplifier. The increase in power was achieved due to the shortening of the pulse duration at the system output by broadening the spectral profile of the second harmonic from 5.3 to 8 nm, which takes place in the transformation of a negatively chirped pulse of the fundamental frequency radiation in a nonlinear KDP crystal. After the KDP the radiation pulse was stretched to 1.8 ps in a prism stretcher and amplified in the XeF(C − A) amplifier. The energy obtained at the amplifier output was 1.2 J. After compression of the amplified output pulse, its duration was equal to 29.4 fs, which means that a peak output power of 40 TW was reached at the output of the laser system.
All-fibre single-mode small-signal amplifier operating near 0.976 μm
Authors: Aleshkina S.S. , Lipatov D.S. , Kochergina T.A. , Velmiskin V.V. , Temyanko V.L. , Kotov L.V. , Bardina T.L. , Bubnov M.M. , Guryanov A.N. , Likhachev M.E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have developed and demonstrated a polarisation-maintaining single-mode ytterbium-doped fibre for light amplification at a wavelength near 0.976 μm in an all-fibre configuration. A distinctive feature of the proposed fibre design is low losses due to fusion splices with standard single-mode fibre having a core diameter of 10 μm, which has made it possible to produce an all-fibre small-signal amplifier with a gain threshold near 3 W and a differential pump-to-signal conversion efficiency of 9.8 % in the saturation regime. The proposed amplifier has been shown to be well-suited for small-signal amplification. In particular, at an input signal power near 1 mW and a gain of 20 dB, the ratio of the amplified signal to the integrated luminescence intensity near 0.976 μm exceeds 20 dB. A 40-dB gain has been demonstrated for an ultrasmall signal of ∼10-μW power.
Phase locking of a diode bar using a phase diffraction mirror
Authors: Derzhavin S.I. , Lyndin N.M. , Timoshkin V.N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method for synchronising the emission of a laser diode bar using a phase diffraction mirror is proposed. It is confirmed experimentally that this method makes it possible to phase the bar emission, but its selective properties are insufficient to ensure stable single-mode lasing.
Dynamics of living cells in a cytomorphological state space
Authors: Chang Amy Y. , Marshall Wallace F. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
The cell is where life emerges from nonliving matter. How can we understand the behavior of a complicated, far-from-equilibrium system such as a living cell? By defining a state space for cells and analyzing state transitions, we find that cell behavior can be successfully predicted by an effective potential function, which suggests that although cells are complex nonequilibrium systems, this complexity can be reduced to a simple equilibrium function for predicting cell behavior.
The capping enzyme facilitates promoter escape and assembly of a follow-on preinitiation complex for reinitiation
Authors: Fujiwara Rina , Damodaren Nivedita , Wilusz Jeremy E. , Murakami Kenji 
Published: October 2019

Significance
After RNA synthesis is initiated by RNA polymerase II (pol II) and general transcription factors (GTFs), pol II dissociates from GTFs and promoter DNA and undergoes the transition to productive elongation. This transition is generally referred to as promoter escape and is a major rate-limiting step at many mRNA genes, but key details have remained unclear. We have developed an in vitro reconstituted transcription system that has high initiation efficiency, which allowed us to dissect the timing of this transition. We found that the formation of the initially transcribing complex, containing pol II, general transcription factors, and a nascent transcript, is long persisting and that 2 elongation factors conserved across eukaryotes have robust and positive biochemical activities on this transition.
Metasurface-generated complex 3-dimensional optical fields for interference lithography
Authors: Kamali Seyedeh Mahsa , Arbabi Ehsan , Kwon Hyounghan , Faraon Andrei 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Fast submicrometer-scale 3D printing techniques are of interest for various applications ranging from photonics and electronics to tissue engineering. Interference lithography is a versatile 3D printing method with the ability to generate complicated nanoscale structures. Its application, however, has been hindered by either the complicated setups in multibeam lithography that cause sensitivity and impede scalability or the limited level of control over the fabricated structure achievable with mask-assisted processes. Here, we show that metasurface masks can generate complex volumetric intensity distributions with submicrometer scales for fast and scalable 3D printing. These results push the limits of optical devices in controlling the light intensity distribution and significantly increase the realm of possibilities for 3D printing.
Skeletal MyBP-C isoforms tune the molecular contractility of divergent skeletal muscle systems
Authors: Li Amy , Nelson Shane R. , Rahmanseresht Sheema , Braet Filip , Cornachione Anabelle S. , Previs Samantha Beck , O’Leary Thomas S. , McNamara James W. , Rassier Dilson E. , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Previs Michael J. , Warshaw David M. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C) is a critical component of the skeletal muscle sarcomere, muscle’s smallest contractile unit. MyBP-C’s importance is evident by genetic mutations leading to human myopathies, such as distal arthrogryposis (i.e., club foot). However, the molecular basis of MyBP-C’s functional impact on skeletal muscle contractility is far from certain. Complicating matters further is the expression of fast- and slow-type MyBP-C isoforms that depend on whether the muscle is fast- or slow-twitch. Using multiscale proteomic, biophysical, and mathematical modeling approaches, we defined the expression, localization, and modulatory capacities of these distinct skeletal MyBP-C isoforms in rat skeletal muscles. Each MyBP-C isoform modulates muscle contractility differentially, providing the capacity to fine-tune a muscle’s mechanical performance as physiological demands arise.
A multifunctional shape-morphing elastomer with liquid metal inclusions
Authors: Ford Michael J. , Ambulo Cedric P. , Kent Teresa A. , Markvicka Eric J. , Pan Chengfeng , Malen Jonathan , Ware Taylor H. , Majidi Carmel 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Research in soft robotics and wearable technologies has led to increasing demand for shape-changing materials that can be powered with portable electronics. Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are a promising functional material for these applications but lack the electrical and thermal conductivity required for electrically stimulated shape-memory activation. To address this, LCEs are typically embedded with rigid fillers that enhance conductivity. However, these particles degrade the mechanical properties and shape-morphing capabilities of the LCE matrix. Here, we overcome these limitations with an advanced material architecture in which rigid filler is replaced with deformable liquid metal inclusions. This results in LCE composites that exhibit a combination of high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, and actuation capabilities unlike any other soft composite.
ScreeningLegionellaeffectors for antiviral effects reveals Rab1 GTPase as a proviral factor coopted for tombusvirus replication
Authors: Inaba Jun-ichi , Xu Kai , Kovalev Nikolay , Ramanathan Harish , Roy Craig R. , Lindenbach Brett D. , Nagy Peter D. 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceMany bacterial pathogens infect eukaryotic cells by injecting bacterial virulence factors or effectors into the cytosol of their hosts. These effector proteins have evolved to manipulate cellular pathways and favor bacterial replication.Legionella pneumophila, the cause of Legionnaires’ disease, synthesizes >300 effector proteins. Here, we screenedLegionellaeffectors to probe tombusvirus (TBSV)–host interactions and identify antiviral factors against TBSV in yeast surrogate host. As proof of concept that bacterial effectors can be used as tools to identify cellular pathways used by viruses, we characterized the antiviral effect of DrrA effector ofLegionella. This led to the discovery that Rab1 small GTPase, the cellular target of DrrA, and COPII vesicles are coopted by TBSV for building the viral replication compartment.
IL-10–producing B cells are enriched in murine pericardial adipose tissues and ameliorate the outcome of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wu Lan , Dalal Rajeev , Cao Connie D. , Postoak J. Luke , Yang Guan , Zhang Qinkun , Wang Zhizhang , Lal Hind , Van Kaer Luc 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceMyocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although it is recognized that a balanced and timely terminated proinflammatory response following acute MI is essential in promoting tissue repair/regeneration, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly defined. In this report, we show that IL-10–producing B cells in mice: 1) Are enriched in pericardial adipose tissues (PATs) and influenced by cytokines preferentially expressed in these tissues; 2) expand in PATs following MI and accumulate in the infarcted heart during the resolution of MI-induced inflammation; and 3) facilitate resolution of inflammation and reduce myocardial injury to preserve cardiac function after MI. These findings identify IL-10–producing B cells, in particular those in PATs, as therapeutic targets for MI.
An ensemble of flexible conformations underlies mechanotransduction by the cadherin–catenin adhesion complex
Authors: Bush Martin , Alhanshali Bashir M. , Qian Shuo , Stanley Christopher B. , Heller William T. , Matsui Tsutomu , Weiss Thomas M. , Nicholl Iain D. , Walz Thomas , Callaway David J. E. , Bu Zimei 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Adherens junctions are specialized cell–cell adhesion complexes found in epithelial, endothelial, and neuronal tissues of multicellular organism. The cadherin–catenin complex is the core component of the adherens junction and transmits mechanical stress from cell to cell. This study reveals that the cadherin–catenin complex displays a wide spectrum of flexible structures, which suggests a dynamic mechanism for this complex in mechanotransduction for cell–cell adhesion.
Ultrasensitive, multiplexed chemoproteomic profiling with soluble activity-dependent proximity ligation
Authors: Li Gang , Eckert Mark A. , Chang Jae Won , Montgomery Jeffrey E. , Chryplewicz Agnieszka , Lengyel Ernst , Moellering Raymond E. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
We report the development of a chemical proteomic platform, soluble activity-dependent proximity ligation (sADPL), which enables ultrasensitive and multiplexed quantification of endogenous active proteins in complex proteome samples from cells, fluids, and tissues. Single-plexed and multiplexed sADPL can be implemented to “write” and “read” barcoded oligonucleotide amplicons derived from specific active enzymes in extremely low levels of whole proteome. We apply sADPL to quantify in vivo protein–drug interactions from blood samples, as well as perform hundreds to thousands of parallel activity measurements in fresh or flash-frozen patient tumor samples in a matter of hours on a benchtop. Combined, these studies provide compelling proof-of-concept examples for future applications for the molecular analysis of biological and clinical samples.
Complete cleavage of the N≡N triple bond by Ta2N+via degenerate ligand exchange at ambient temperature: A perfect catalytic cycle
Authors: Geng Caiyun , Li Jilai , Weiske Thomas , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceCatalysts accelerate chemical reactions by opening energetically favorable pathways. Although catalytic processes are ubiquitous, the actual catalytically active species often remain elusive due to their very nature. The interaction between the catalyst and the substrate is usually fast, and the rather short-lived intermediates are difficult to identify. As a catalytically active species, Ta2N+was discovered. This tiny “molecular machine” cleaves the very strong N2triple bond and reassembles it at ambient temperature. As the N2unit, which is liberated during the process, contains the nitrogen atom of Ta2N+, this reaction serves as a rare gas-phase example for the operation of the Mars/van Krevelen mechanism, which itself belongs to the basic concepts of heterogenous catalysis.