bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adequacy of molar distalization after second and third molar eruption- a case report
Authors: Babu Balina Sarath , Harsha G V Durga , C V Padmapriya , DPK Varma , C V Goutham 
Published: November 2018

Adult patients with class II malocclusion can be treated routinely by extraction therapy. In the recent decades there was increasing popularity towards non-extraction treatment. Distalization of maxillary molars is one of the prime treatment modality to correct mild to moderate class II malocclusion cases with esthetically acceptable profile. A 16 years old female patient reported with irregularly placed upper front teeth and was diagnosed as Angleâ€™s Class II malocclusion with orthognathic maxilla and mandible, average growth pattern. Treatment was planned to distalize the entire maxillary arch using mini implants as skeletal anchorage. 4.0 mm of maxillary molars were distalized, class I molar and canine relation were achieved bilaterally within span of 10 months without altering the patientâ€™s existing profile.Â Â
Efficacy of carvacrol oil against common broilers chickens enteric pathogens.
Authors: Radwan Ismail , Orabi Ahmed , El-Hanbally Saber , A. Mabrouk Hanaa 
Published: November 2018

Gastrointestinal tract acts as a selective barrier for the broilers, however a wide range of factors associated with diet and infectious disease agents can negatively affect the delicate balance among the components of the chicken gut and, as a result, affect health status and production performance of birds in commercial poultry industries. Our investigation aimed to determine the incidence of the most common broilers chicken enteric pathogens as Salmonella, E.coli and C.perfringens and also measure efficacy of carvacrol oil on these pathogens. 250 internal organs were analyzed for enteric pathogens in (table 1, 2) which revealed high incidence of E.coli (n=18) followed with Salmonella (n=10) and C.perfringens (n=8).Serotyping of Salmonella isolates showed that the predominant serovars is S.Kentuky (n=3) then S.Typhimurium and S.Infants (n=2), while O114:K90 O78:K80 O25:K11 were the predominant E.coli serotypes (n=4) for each one. Antibiogram revealed that isolates were resistance to Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline and Enrofloxacin. Results indicated that, MIC of most isolates lowered after 24hr exposure to 0.001% of carvacrol and the growth of tested isolates was inhibited at 0.1% carvacrol concentration.Â Â
Scytel: A New Old English Word for ‘Penis’
Authors: Christiansen Bethany 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper, I examine the Old English word scytel, which appears in the Old English Medicina de quadrupedibus. I argue that, contrary to definitions offered in current Old English lexical aids, scytel does not mean ‘dung’, but rather ‘penis’. In the Medicina de quadrupedibus, OE scytel translates Lat. moium (from Greek μοιóν) ‘penis’. I begin by tracing the development of the definition/s of scytel in the lexicographic tradition (Sections 1.1 and 1.2) and in editions of the Medicina de quadrupedibus (Section 1.3). Starting with Bosworth-Toller (1882–1898), scytel (1) was defined as ‘dung’, apparently on the misperception of an etymological relationship between scytel (1) and Old English scitta, n. ‘shit’. Section 2 offers a discussion of the manuscripts containing the Old English Medicina de quadrupedibus and its Latin source text, and Section 3 contains a discussion of the two relevant recipes that contain OE scytel (1). In Section 4.1 I show that, in fact, scytel (1) cannot be etymologically related to any scit‑/scīt‑ ‘shit’ words in Old English, as the two derive from separate Germanic (Gmc.) and Proto-Indo-European (PIE) roots. In Section 4.2, I argue that the scribe of the manuscripts containing scytel could not have written a non-etymological <y> for /i/, which eliminates the possibility that scytel is connected to scit‑/scīt‑ ‘shit’. It becomes clear, as demonstrated in Section 4.3, that scytel (1) ‘penis’ and scytel (2) ‘dart’ can be reconciled as a single dictionary entry, with ‘penis’ as a metaphorical extension of ‘dart’. I demonstrate in Section 4.4 that, from a cross-linguistic perspective, ‘dart’ > ‘penis’ is a well-attested semantic shift. Ultimately, it is clear that the Old English translator/s of the Medicina de quadrupedibus correctly translated the rare Latin word for ‘penis’ they encountered in the source text.
Zelotes and elnvnges: The Extension of Genitive Singular ‑es in the Gloss to the Durham Collectar
Authors: Rodríguez Ledesma Nieves 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of this article is to study the extension of genitive singular ‑es from the a-stems to other noun classes in the gloss to the Durham Collectar (Durham, Cathedral Library, A.iv.19). To this end a quantitative analysis of sixty-five nouns has been carried out in contexts where they gloss a Latin genitive form. The nouns have been selected on the basis that their etymological inflection for the genitive singular is other than ‑es, and they consist of feminine nouns (nouns ending in ‑ung, nouns ending in ‑ness, ō‑stems, i‑stems), kinship r‑stems and weak nouns or n‑stems. The results of the analysis of the Durham Collectar are compared with those found in the Lindisfarne Gospels (London, British Library, Nero D.iv) with three main purposes: first, to determine the degree of similarity between the two glosses; second, to establish whether Durham is more conservative or not with regard to this feature, and finally, to contribute to the discussion on the question of authorship.
Nonlinear Evolution Equations with Exponentially Decaying Memory: Existence via Time Discretisation, Uniqueness, and Stability
Authors: Eikmeier André , Emmrich Etienne , Kreusler Hans-Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe initial value problem for an evolution equation of typev′+A⁢v+B⁢K⁢v=f{v^{\prime}+Av+BKv=f}is studied, whereA:VA→VA′{A:V_{A}\to V_{A}^{\prime}}is a monotone, coercive operator and whereB:VB→VB′{B:V_{B}\to V_{B}^{\prime}}induces an inner product. The Banach spaceVA{V_{A}}is not required to be embedded inVB{V_{B}}or vice versa. The operatorKincorporates a Volterra integral operator in time of convolution type with an exponentially decaying kernel. Existence of a global-in-time solution is shown by proving convergence of a suitable time discretisation. Moreover, uniqueness as well as stability results are proved. Appropriate integration-by-parts formulae are a key ingredient for the analysis.
Differential and integral equations for the 2-iterated Bernoulli, 2-iterated Euler and Bernoulli–Euler polynomials
Authors: Khan Subuhi , Riyasat Mumtaz 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The main goal of this article is to derive differential and associated integral equations for some 2-iterated and mixed type special polynomial families. By using the factorization method, the recurrence relations and differential equations are derived for the 2-iterated Bernoulli, 2-iterated Euler and Bernoulli–Euler polynomials. The Volterra integral equations for these polynomial families are also established.
The graphical representation of these 2-iterated and mixed polynomials is presented. The zeros of these polynomials are investigated for certain values of the index n using numerical computation. The
approximate solutions of the real zeros of these polynomials are also given.
DNA Marker-Based High-Throughput Identification of Downy Mildew Infected and Non-Infected Sunflower Plants
Authors: Solodenko Anzhella 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Developing hybrids, resistant to causal pathogen of Downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. & de Toni), is one of the critical tasks in sunflower breeding. Molecular markers have advanced breeding practice in the past decades, however there are still unmet needs for reliable high-throughput (HT) selection of the pathogen resistant starting material and differentiation of the plants infected by different pathogens. In this study, we tested the known DNA marker (308 bp fragment from ribosomal DNA of P. halstedii) for detection of pathogen in different tissues of sunflower plant and at different stages of plant development. Specified DNA marker was re-validated in the total DNA, isolated from sporangium as well as from seedlings of infected pathogen resistant/susceptible inbred lines of Ukrainian breeding and 60 F2 crosses. An independent set of field grown plants with unknown resistance to P. halstedii, having symptoms of the bacterial/fungal/viral pathology were used for HT screening and genotypes, infected with downy mildew, were successfully identified. Pathogen appeared to be concentrated in the vessels of sunflower leaves, in contrast to parenchymal tissue. Our study demonstrates an addition to whole seedling inoculation technique of P. halstedii detection, which allows HT identification of the pathogen infected and non-infected sunflower plants.
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Obstacle Avoidance of Mobile Robot
Authors: Singh Rajmeet , Bera Tarun Kumar 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This work describes design and implementation of a navigation and obstacle avoidance controller using fuzzy logic for four-wheel mobile robot. The main contribution of this paper can be summarized in the fact that single fuzzy logic controller can be used for navigation as well as obstacle avoidance (static, dynamic and both) for dynamic model of four-wheel mobile robot. The bond graph is used to develop the dynamic model of mobile robot and then it is converted into SIMULINK block by using ‘S-function’ directly from SYMBOLS Shakti bond graph software library. The four-wheel mobile robot used in this work is equipped with DC motors, three ultrasonic sensors to measure the distance from the obstacles and optical encoders to provide the current position and speed. The three input membership functions (distance from target, angle and distance from obstacles) and two output membership functions (left wheel voltage and right wheel voltage) are considered in fuzzy logic controller. One hundred and sixty-two sets of rules are considered for motion control of the mobile robot. The different case studies are considered and are simulated using MATLAB-SIMULINK software platform to evaluate the performance of the controller. Simulation results show the performances of the navigation and obstacle avoidance fuzzy controller in terms of minimum travelled path for various cases.
Stative and eventive passives of subject experiencer verbs in Polish
Authors: Bondaruk Anna , Rozwadowska Bożena 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe paper addresses the question whether Subject Experiencer (henceforth, SE) verbs can form the stative and eventive passive in Polish. The analysis shows that SE verbs in Polish only sporadically give rise to the stative passive, and whenever this is possible, the stative passive derived from an SE verb can be classed as the target state passive in Kratzer’s typology (2000). Polish SE verbs are susceptible to two types of eventive passive – (i) with the auxiliaryzostać‘to become’, co-occurring with the perfective passive participle; and (ii) with the auxiliarybyć‘to be’, followed by the imperfective passive participle. The fact that SE verbs can give rise tozostać-passives is unproblematic, as this type of passive contains the passive participle derived from the perfective form of the verb, which is always eventive. Stative SE verbs can serve as good inputs to thebyć+ imperfective passive on account of the fact that they can be coerced from states into non-dynamic events, as proposed for Spanish in Fábregas and Marín (2017).
On left-peripheral particletoin Polish and Czech: A focus, a topic head, or neither?
Authors: Tajsner Przemysław 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe article offers a non-cartographic approach to the syntax of the left-peripheral particletoin Polish and Czech. It is claimed here thattois neither a topic nor a focus head. Instead, it has a status of a neutralRelator, a head ofRelator Phrase, operative in the formation of the non-directionalStructure of Predication. This structure serves the needs ofInformation Structurein providing a syntactic blueprint for segregating topics from foci, but these notions themselves are solely the interpretations of constituents and not independent syntactic categories. The analysis capitalizes on a clitic status oftoin Czech, the lack of special clitics in Polish, and makes use of the ideas of the parametric directionality ofAgreementandLabelling Algorithmallowing for merging heads to project.
Clause structure, case and agreement in Polish existential, possessive and locative sentences: A phase-based account
Authors: Błaszczak Joanna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper it will be argued that the difference between existential and locative sentences is primarily structurally encoded at thevP/VP level (at the first phase of a derivation). The crucial question is which argument of the verb BE (the Location or the nominal argument (“Theme”)) is projected as the “external argument”, i.e., which argument is the subject of inner predication. In the case of existential sentences it is the Location argument which is the subject of inner predication, and in the case of locative sentences it is the nominal argument. The subject of inner predication becomes by default also the subject of outer predication, i.e., the topic of the sentence. Hence, in the case of locative sentences the nominal argument is the subject of outer predication, i.e., the topic of the sentence, and in the case of existential sentences it is the Location which becomes the topic. (Or, alternatively, the actual topic (the subject of outer predication) might be the situational/ event variable, and the Location functions as a restriction on it.) However, the actual arrangement of constituents in the sentences under discussion, as in any other Polish sentence, is determined by the pragmatic/communicative principles. Given this, it is reasonable to think that the NOM/GEN case alternation in negated existential/locative sentences is primarily a matter of syntax, and not one of information structure or scope of negation. The analysis will be modeled in accordance with the phasal model of Chomsky (2000 et seq.).
‘My almost-leggings-so-I’m-kind-of-cheating jeans’: Exploring hyphenated phrasal expressions in fashion discourse
Authors: Crawford Camiciottoli Belinda 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The language of fashion was first investigated by Roland Barthes in his influential book Système de la Mode, but it has since received scant attention from linguists, perhaps due to perceptions of frivolousness associated with the fashion world. This study explores contemporary fashion discourse through a systematic analysis of hyphenated phrasal expressions as linguistic features that are analytically challenging, but with strong expressive potential. The Fashion Discourse Corpus consists of 396,125 words compiled from the traditional fashion press (Vogue, Women’s Wear Daily, Harper’s Bazaar) and two leading fashion blogs, representing both American and British English. For comparative purposes, a reference corpus was extracted from American and British benchmark corpora. The quantitative analysis revealed that hyphenated phrasal expressions were considerably more frequent in the Fashion Discourse Corpus. Follow-up qualitative analysis identified conventional, semi-conventional, and non-conventional types, along with recurring structural patterns and communicative functions used to describe and evaluate fashion phenomena. The fashion blogs in particular contained richly expressive items that seemed to reflect the writer’s unique voice and identity within the discourse community. The findings can be applied in journalism and communication courses to help aspiring writers learn to use hyphenated phrasal expressions effectively.
Low-temperature anharmonicity and symmetry breaking in the sodalite |Na8I2|[AlSiO4]6
Authors: Robben Lars , Abrahams Isaac , Fischer Michael , Hull Stephen , Dove Martin T. , Gesing Thorsten M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aluminosilicate iodide sodalite |Na8I2|[AlSiO4]6 was examined by temperature-dependent neutron time-of-flight powder diffraction from 5 K to 290 K and X-ray diffraction from 298 K to 1200 K. The temperature-dependent properties of the mean structure in space group P4̅3n were obtained by Rietveld analysis. A negative slope for the thermal expansion coefficient below 50 K could be observed, and the displacement parameters of the iodide ions indicate anharmonic effects. Local structure models (8×8×8 super cells) were refined against pair-distribution functions calculated from total scattering data collected at 5 K, 165 K and 240 K. The results indicate isotropic displacements for all atoms except for I-atoms, showing the effects of an anharmonic potential around this anion at very low temperatures.
Developing an Awareness of Emotion Management Strategies to Support Athlete Success
Authors: Peterson Gretchen 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
EMOTIONS ARE A REGULAR FEATURE OF OUR DAILY LIVES, INCLUDING THE LIVES OF ATHLETES. IT IS ALSO QUITE COMMON TO HAVE TO WORK TO MANAGE SOME OF OUR EMOTIONS. EMOTIONS THAT ARE NOT MANAGED CAN IMPACT ATHLETIC SUCCESS, SO IT BEHOOVES ATHLETES TO TRAIN TO DEAL WITH THE EMOTIONS THAT INEVITABLY ARISE DURING COMPETITION. STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES CAN BENEFIT FROM UNDERSTANDING THE FACETS OF AN EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE AND SOME OF THE TECHNIQUES FOR MANAGING THE EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE. THIS ARTICLE LAYS THE GROUNDWORK FOR STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACHES TO USE RESEARCH FROM THE SOCIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS IN WORKING WITH ATHLETES.
AGRP Neurons Project to the Medial Preoptic Area and Modulate Maternal Nest-Building
Authors: Li Xing-Yu , Han Ying , Zhang Wen , Wang Shao-Ran , Wei Yi-Chao , Li Shuai-Shuai , Lin Jun-Kai , Yan Jing-Jing , Chen Ai-Xiao , Zhang Xin , Zhao Zheng-Dong , Shen Wei L. , Xu Xiao-Hong 
Published: November 2018

AGRP (agouti-related neuropeptide) expressing inhibitory neurons sense caloric needs of an animal to coordinate homeostatic feeding. Recent evidence suggests that AGRP neurons also suppress competing actions and motivations to mediate adaptive behavioral selection during starvation. Here, in adult mice of both sexes we show that AGRP neurons form inhibitory synapses onto ∼30% neurons in the medial preoptic area (mPOA), a region critical for maternal care. Remarkably, optogenetically stimulating AGRP neurons decreases maternal nest-building while minimally affecting pup retrieval, partly recapitulating suppression of maternal behaviors during food restriction. In parallel, optogenetically stimulating AGRP projections to the mPOA or to the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus but not to the LHA (lateral hypothalamus area) similarly decreases maternal nest-building. Chemogenetic inhibition of mPOA neurons that express Vgat (vesicular GABA transporter), the population targeted by AGRP terminals, also decreases maternal nest-building. In comparison, chemogenetic inhibition of neurons in the LHA that express vesicular glutamate transporter 2, another hypothalamic neuronal population critical for feeding and innate drives, is ineffective. Importantly, nest-building during low temperature thermal challenge is not affected by optogenetic stimulation of AGRP→mPOA projections. Finally, via optogenetic activation and inhibition we show that distinctive subsets of mPOA Vgat+ neurons likely underlie pup retrieval and maternal nest-building. Together, these results show that AGRP neurons can modulate maternal nest-building, in part through direct projections to the mPOA. This study corroborates other recent discoveries and underscores the broad functions that AGRP neurons play in antagonizing rivalry motivations to modulate behavioral outputs during hunger.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn order for animals to initiate ethologically appropriate behaviors, they must typically decide between behavioral repertoires driven by multiple and often conflicting internal states. How neural pathways underlying individual behaviors interact to coherently modulate behavioral outputs, in particular to achieve a proper balance between behaviors that serve immediate individual needs versus those that benefit the propagation of the species, remains poorly understood. Here, by investigating projections from a neuronal population known to drive hunger behaviors to a brain region critical for maternal care, we show that activation of AGRP→mPOA projections in females dramatically inhibits maternal nest-building while leaving mostly intact pup retrieval behavior. Our findings shed new light on neural organization of behaviors and neural mechanisms that coordinate behavioral selection.
Auditory Thalamostriatal and Corticostriatal Pathways Convey Complementary Information about Sound Features
Authors: Ponvert Nicholas D. , Jaramillo Santiago 
Published: November 2018

Multiple parallel neural pathways link sound-related signals to behavioral responses. For instance, the striatum, a brain structure involved in action selection and reward-related learning, receives neuronal projections from both the auditory thalamus and auditory cortex. It is not clear whether sound information that reaches the striatum through these two pathways is redundant or complementary. We used an optogenetic approach in awake mice of both sexes to identify thalamostriatal and corticostriatal neurons during extracellular recordings, and characterized neural responses evoked by sounds of different frequencies and amplitude modulation rates. We found that neurons in both pathways encode sound frequency with similar fidelity, but display different coding strategies for amplitude modulated noise. Whereas corticostriatal neurons provide a more accurate representation of amplitude modulation rate in their overall firing rate, thalamostriatal neurons convey information about the precise timing of acoustic events. These results demonstrate that auditory thalamus and auditory cortex neurons provide complementary information to the striatum, and suggest that these pathways could be differentially recruited depending on the requirements of a sound-driven behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory signals from the cerebral cortex and the thalamus converge onto the striatum, a nucleus implicated in reward-related learning. It is not clear whether these two sensory inputs convey redundant or complementary information. By characterizing the sound-evoked responses of thalamostriatal and corticostriatal neurons, our work demonstrates that these neural pathways convey complementary information about the temporal features of sounds. This work opens new avenues for investigating how these pathways could be selectively recruited depending on task demands, and provides a framework for studying convergence of cortical and thalamic information onto the striatum in other sensory systems.