bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetics suggest cause for even further conservation concern for Temminck’s ground pangolin
Authors: Boyles J. G. , Swart J. M. , Bennett N. C. , Ferguson W. , Speakman J. R. , Scantlebury D. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConservation of rare and declining species requires reliable information about life‐history traits and population growth characteristics. Unfortunately, long‐term studies necessary to obtain such data are often difficult or impossible for species of concern. In such cases, data that can be collected during limited capture events can serve as valuable proxies. We measured metabolic characteristics of Temminck’s ground pangolin Smutsia temminckii because metabolic traits provide clues about relative gestation length, reproductive output and population growth, all of which were largely unknown for this species. As expected, both basal and field metabolic rates are considerably lower than would be predicted from body mass alone, suggesting pangolins are likely to have slow life histories and low intrinsic population growth. Such characteristics suggest Temminck’s ground pangolins (and likely all pangolins) are less able to persist under heavy poaching and trafficking than other similarly sized mammals and will likely recover slowly even if poaching and trafficking are stopped. While physiological data cannot be used to directly calculate population growth rates, we believe they may provide a tangible data source to inform management decisions for critically endangered, difficult‐to‐study species.
The theory of Rational Addiction
Authors: Rogeberg Ole 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Theory of Rational Addictions, by Gary Becker & Kevin Murphy (1988), was a rational choice model that became a standard tool for economists modeling addictive behavior. The approach differs from other theories of addiction by modeling addictive behavior as the gradual implementation of a rational, forward‐looking plan, where consumption at any point in time is partly motivated by the immediate payoff of consumption and partly by the effects this consumption has on the individual in the future. This makes addictive behavior a subset of rational behavior, requiring no more specific government policies or attention than any other consumption choice. Later work by economists extended the theory in different ways, allowing it to match an increasing number of consumption patterns, and searched for ways to test the forward‐looking assumption in different types of market data. While the work was successful as a contribution to rational choice theory, with possible statistical applications, there are several reasons to dismiss its usefulness as an explanation of real‐world addictive behavior and its ability to assess the welfare effects of addictions.
Metabolomics analysis of seminal plasma in patients with idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia using high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Mumcu A. , Karaer A. , Dogan B. , Tuncay G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMale infertility is a global health issue caused by a combination of different factors. Specialists generally rely on semen analysis to diagnose male infertility. However, it is known that diagnostic semen analysis fails to identify about 50% of male infertility disorders. Recently, metabolomics has been proven to be a powerful technique for the diagnosis of different diseases.ObjectiveTo determine whether metabolites could be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of male factor infertility through comparing seminal plasma samples from infertile men with oligoasthenoteratozospermia (OAT) and samples from normozoospermic controls.Materials and methodsThis study utilized high‐resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy to reveal whether the metabolomic changes of seminal plasma obtained from 31 patients with oligoasthenoteratozospermia (OAT) are different from the ones obtained from 28 normozoospermic controls.ResultsMultivariate statistical analysis of NMR data concluded that the metabolomic profile of samples from patients with OAT exhibits statistically significant differences when compared to the controls. The differences were based on the metabolites lactate, citrate, lysine, arginine, valine, glutamine, creatinine, α‐ketoglutaric acid, spermine, putrescine, and tyrosine. Except the tyrosine, levels of the above metabolites were significantly decreased in patients with OAT compared to the controls. The levels of citrate, choline, spermine, putrescine, α‐ketoglutaric acid, valine, and tyrosine were significantly different (p < 5 × 10−4) between two groups. On the other hand, levels of lactate, creatinine, lysine, arginine, and glutamine were also statistically significant (0.001 < p < 0.05). However, considering the p‐values, the physiological relevance of these metabolites may be lower when compared to the others. A PLS‐DA model built on the NMR data achieved 89.29% sensitivity and 93.55% specificity results in a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation process.Discussion and conclusion1H NMR spectroscopy‐based metabolomic analysis could be used as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of oligoasthenoteratozospermia.
Women undergoing peripartum hysterectomy due to obstetric hemorrhage: A prospective population‐based study
Authors: Maraschini Alice , Lega Ilaria , D'Aloja Paola , Buoncristiano Marta , Dell'Oro Stefania , Donati Serena ,   the Regional Obstetric Surveillance System Working Group
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionPeripartum hysterectomy is usually undertaken in cases of life‐threatening obstetric hemorrhage to prevent the death of the mother. Near‐miss events are still under‐researched and inappropriate care continues to be a critical issue, even in countries with advanced obstetric surveillance systems. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence, associated factors, management and intraoperative and postoperative complications of peripartum hysterectomy due to obstetric hemorrhage.Material and methodsA prospective population‐based study has been conducted in six Italian regions covering 49% of births in Italy. The study population comprised all women aged 11‐59 years undergoing peripartum hysterectomy, from September 2014 to August 2016, due to obstetric hemorrhage within 7 days of delivery. In each maternity unit a trained reference person reported incident cases using electronic data collection forms. The background population comprised all women who delivered in the participating regions during the study period.ResultsThe overall peripartum hysterectomy prevalence was 1.09 per 1000 maternities, with a large variability among regions, ranging from 0.52 to 1.60. Previous cesarean section (relative risk [RR] 4.97, 95% CI 4.13‐5.96), assisted reproductive technology (RR 5.99, 95% CI 4.42‐8.11) multiple pregnancy (RR 5.03, 95% CI 3.57‐7.09) and maternal age ≥35 years (RR 2.69, 95% CI 2.25‐3.21) were the main associated factors for hysterectomy. The most common causes of peripartum hysterectomy were uterine atony (45.1%) and abnormally invasive placentation (40.2%). Intensive care unit admission was reported in 49.9% of cases, 16.8% of women suffered severe morbidity and 5 women died.ConclusionsThe rate of peripartum hysterectomy in Italy was three times higher compared with the UK, the Netherlands and the Nordic countries. The wide difference may be associated with women's characteristics, such as age at delivery and previous cesarean section, and with different management options leading to peripartum hysterectomy.
Effect of the expression of CD62P and thrombin generation on patients using central venous catheters for hemodialysis
Authors: Lucas Thabata Coaglio , Carvalho Maria das Graças , Duarte Rita Carolina Figueiredo , Haniel Jonathas , Trindade Sissy Araújo , Ottoni Marcelo Henrique Fernandes , dos Santos Luara Isabela , Brito Alvim de Melo Gustavo Eustáquio , Huebner Rudolf 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe formation of thrombi in medical devices that come into contact with blood is a common cause of increased morbidity and mortality. Prolonged use of central venous catheters (CVCs) may cause high infection rates or compromise CVC patency due to thrombus development. In this study, we sought insights into possible changes in the hemostatic system during prolonged use of inserted CVCs for hemodialysis by assessing platelets by CD62P and CD41a expression and the potential for thrombin generation (TG). This study included patients with chronic renal failure who were undergoing hemodialysis three times a week using a CVC, and healthy subjects as controls. The participants were distributed into three groups: Group 1: clinically and laboratorially healthy individuals matched by sex and age to the patients (controls); Group II: patients who had completed 1 month of CVC insertion; and Group III: the same patients after they had completed 4 months of CVC insertion. Platelet activation analysis and TG evaluation were performed using blood samples obtained through two different accesses, that is, through a peripheral vein and directly from the CVC lumen. The data showed platelet activation and an increase in the generation of thrombin, particularly after 4 months of CVC use. The results also indicated that insertion of the catheter into the blood stream stimulated the intrinsic rather than the extrinsic pathway. Taken together, the data showed a direct relationship between the use of CVCs in hemodialysis patients and a state of hypercoagulability, most likely associated with endothelial damage and the contact of the medical device with blood components such as platelets and coagulation factors.
A Starling‐like total work controller for rotary blood pumps: An in vitro evaluation
Authors: Wu Eric L. , Stevens Michael C. , Nestler Frank , Pauls Jo P. , Bradley Andrew P. , Tansley Geoff , Fraser John F. , Gregory Shaun D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDue to improved durability and survival rates, rotary blood pumps (RBPs) are the preferred left ventricular assist device when compared to volume displacement pumps. However, when operated at constant speed, RBPs lack a volume balancing mechanism which may result in left ventricular suction and suboptimal ventricular unloading. Starling‐like controllers have previously been developed to balance circulatory volumes; however, they do not consider ventricular workload as a feedback and may have limited sensitivity to adjust RBP workload when ventricular function deteriorates or improves. To address this, we aimed to develop a Starling‐like total work controller (SL‐TWC) that matched the energy output of a healthy heart by adjusting RBP hydraulic work based on measured left ventricular stroke work and ventricular preload. In a mock circulatory loop, the SL‐TWC was evaluated using a HeartWare HVAD in a range of simulated patient conditions. These conditions included changes in systemic hypertension and hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, blood circulatory volume, exercise, and improvement and deterioration of ventricular function by increasing and decreasing ventricular contractility. The SL‐TWC was compared to constant speed control where RBP speed was set to restore cardiac output to 5.0 L/min at rest. Left ventricular suction occurred with constant speed control during pulmonary hypertension but was prevented with the SL‐TWC. During simulated exercise, the SL‐TWC demonstrated reduced LVSW (0.51 J) and greater RBP flow (9.2 L/min) compared to constant speed control (LVSW: 0.74 J and RBP flow: 6.4 L/min). In instances of increased ventricular contractility, the SL‐TWC reduced RBP hydraulic work while maintaining cardiac output similar to the rest condition. In comparison, constant speed overworked and increased cardiac output. The SL‐TWC balanced circulatory volumes by mimicking the Starling mechanism, while also considering changes in ventricular workload. Compared to constant speed control, the SL‐TWC may reduce complications associated with volume imbalances, adapt to changes in ventricular function and improve patient quality of life.
Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease before and after universal Bacille Calmette‐Guérin vaccination program was discontinued
Authors: Pasma Hanna , Honkila Minna , Pokka Tytti , Renko Marjo , Salo Eeva , Tapiainen Terhi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimBacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccine (BCG) has been suggested to induce the primary immunity needed for the subsequent Kawasaki disease (KD). We studied the epidemiology of KD before and after the universal BCG vaccination ended in Finland in September 2006.MethodsKawasaki disease cases were retrieved from national health registries from 1996 to 2016 for annual incidence rates. We then compared 612 433 children born in the BCG vaccination era, from 1 January 1996 to 30 August 2006, to 604 163 born after BCG era, from 1 September 2006 to 31 December 2016.ResultsThe annual incidence rates did not change after the BCG vaccination stopped. We found 370 first visits for KD by children born in the BCG era and 341 after universal BCG vaccination ended. The mean age at diagnosis increased from 2.6 years to 3.0 years (95% CI−0.64 to −0.012, P = .04) and the proportion of children with Kawasaki disease under 5 years decreased from 87% to 81% (95% CI 1%‐12%, P = .02).ConclusionDiscontinuing the universal BCG vaccination programme did not change the incidence rates of KD. The increased age at diagnosis could suggest that the pathogenesis of KD may be associated with the immunological pathways primed by BCG immunisation.
Hidden sources like saline flushes make a significant contribution to the fluid intake of very low birthweight infants during the first postnatal week
Authors: Mäkelä Pauliina M. , Immeli Lotta , Leskinen Markus , Rinta‐Koski Olli‐Pekka , Sund Reijo , Andersson Sture , Luukkainen Päivi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimWe examined actual fluid intake, and routes of administration, in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants during the first week of life in a neonatal intensive care unit.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study comprised 953 infants born at <32 weeks and 1500 g and treated at Helsinki University Children's Hospital from 2005 to 2013. All parenterally and enterally administered fluids, and their sources, were obtained from our patient information system. Infants were divided into three groups according to their gestational age: 23‐26, 27‐29 and 30‐31 weeks.ResultsFluid intake exceeded European guidelines during the first 3 days. On days 1‐7, total fluid intake was highest in the most premature group (P < .001) and the median total fluid intake in this group peaked at 177 mL/kg/d (IQR 154‐209) on day three. Intravascular flushes provided a considerable source of fluids, with the median intake in the most preterm group peaking at 26.4 mL/kg/d, which represented 15.6% of total fluid intake.ConclusionDuring the first 3 days of life, our VLBW infants had a higher total fluid intake than the European guidelines. A considerable percentage came from hidden sources, such as saline flushes, which should be taken into account when prescribing fluids.
The impact of short‐term predominate breastfeeding on cognitive outcome at 5 years
Authors: Lenehan Sonia M. , Boylan Geraldine B. , Livingstone Vicki , Fogarty Leanna , Twomey Deirdre Marie , Nikolovski Janeta , Irvine Alan D. , Kiely Mairead , Kenny Louise C. , Hourihane Jonathon O.B. , Murray Deirdre M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimBreastfeeding is associated with IQ, school attendance and income. Despite the known benefits of breastfeeding, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months is low globally. We examined the effect of short‐term breastfeeding on long‐term IQ.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of the prospective Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study, children were categorised as predominantly breastfed (n = 288) versus exclusively formula‐fed (n = 254) at 2‐months of age. Infants (n = 404) receiving mixed feeding were excluded. Outcome was assessed using the KBIT‐II at 5 years. Multivariable linear regression was used to adjust for confounding variables.ResultsFollowing adjustment for confounding variables, children, predominately breastfed at 2 months of age, demonstrated increased overall IQ (2.00 points (95% CI: 0.35 to 3.65); P = .018) and non‐verbal IQ at 5 years of age (1.88 points (95% CI: 0.22 to 3.54); P = .027) compared with those never breastfed. No significant relationship was found with verbal IQ (P = .154).ConclusionA significant increase in composite and non‐verbal IQ at 5 years of age was associated with short‐term breastfeeding. This study adds to a growing body of evidence that short‐term breastfeeding promotes healthy cognitive development.
Disturbed cardiac mitochondrial and cytosolic calcium handling in a metabolic risk‐related rat model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Miranda‐Silva Daniela , Wüst Rob C. I. , Conceição Glória , Gonçalves‐Rodrigues Patrícia , Gonçalves Nádia , Gonçalves Alexandre , Kuster Diederik W. D. , Leite‐Moreira Adelino F. , van der Velden Jolanda , de Sousa Beleza Jorge M. , Magalhães José , Stienen Ger J. M. , Falcão‐Pires Inês 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimCalcium ions play a pivotal role in matching energy supply and demand in cardiac muscle. Mitochondrial calcium concentration is lower in animal models of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but limited information is available about mitochondrial calcium handling in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).MethodsWe assessed mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in intact cardiomyocytes from Zucker/fatty Spontaneously hypertensive F1 hybrid (ZSF1)‐lean (control) and ZSF1‐obese rats, a metabolic risk‐related model of HFpEF. A mitochondrially targeted Ca2+ indicator (MitoCam) was expressed in cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes. Cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ transients were measured at different stimulation frequencies. Mitochondrial respiration and swelling, and expression of key proteins were determined ex vivo.ResultsAt rest, mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration in ZSF1‐obese was larger than in ZSF1‐lean. The diastolic and systolic mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations increased with stimulation frequency, but the steady‐state levels were larger in ZSF1‐obese. The half‐widths of the contractile responses, the resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and the decay half‐times of the cytosolic Ca2+ transients were higher in ZSF1‐obese, likely because of a lower SERCA2a/phospholamban ratio. Mitochondrial respiration was lower, particularly with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) (complex I) substrates, and mitochondrial swelling was larger in ZSF1‐obese.ConclusionThe free mitochondrial calcium concentration is higher in HFpEF owing to alterations in mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca2+ handling. This coupling between cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels may compensate for myocardial ATP supply in vivo under conditions of mild mitochondrial dysfunction. However, if mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration is sustainedly increased, it might trigger mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening.
Duplicated tramadol use in chronic low back pain: A nationwide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Koo Hyunji , Lee Min Taek , You Seung Hun , Seon Jeong Yeon , Lee Sieun , Jeong Kyeong Hye , Jung Sun‐Young 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTramadol is a weak opioid that is commonly used for chronic low back pain (LBP). Despite its effectiveness, duplicated use of tramadol, which may indicate abuse or dependence, may exacerbate potential adverse reactions. This population‐based, cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of duplication of tramadol and its associated factors among patients with LBP. From a Korean nationwide claims database, non‐hospitalized patients aged 40‐99 years with LBP without malignancy were prescribed tramadol during 2014‐2016. Duplication of tramadol was defined as overlapping of prescription days. Among them, we defined “extensive duplication (ED)” when days of tramadol duplication cover 10% or more of the days prescribed tramadol. Patient and healthcare utilization factors associated with ED were examined using a logistic regression model. The study population was 6 417 503 patients. Of these, 13.7% were ED users. The age‐ and sex‐standardized prevalence of using tramadol twice or more a year was 14.06 per 100 people in 2014, 13.74 per 100 people in 2015 and 13.52 per 100 people in 2016. ED occurred more in those in the group aged 70‐79 years (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.11‐1.13) than 40‐49 years and in those with comorbidities, such as drug abuse (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.05‐4.36) or depression (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.72‐1.77). Based on the results of this study, a proper management system is needed to avoid tramadol duplication among older people and patients with drug abuse or depression.
Optimizing spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting in public healthcare setting in Namibia
Authors: Adenuga Babafunso A. , Kibuule Dan , Rennie Timothy W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite the universal scale‐up of pharmacovigilance systems globally, adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting remains suboptimal among resource‐limited countries. Few studies in sub‐Saharan Africa evaluate the effectiveness of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting programmes. A cross‐sectional survey using a self‐administered questionnaire to assess ADR reporting knowledge, attitude and practices among healthcare workers in Namibia's public sector was conducted between September and December 2018. The primary outcome were practices, knowledge and attitude of the respondents towards ADR reporting. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. Of the 197 healthcare workers surveyed, 43.1% were nurses, 63.4% of the respondents knew about the ADR reporting system in Namibia, 76.7% knew the pharmacovigilance/ADR reporting centre in Namibia, while 37.3% had reported an ADR before. Nurses were less likely to be knowledgeable and report ADRs. The independent predictor of ADR reporting was the nursing cadre; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.401, P < .01). Pre‐ and in‐service trainings including introduction of electronic reporting platforms were some of the identified ways of optimizing the pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting systems by the respondents. As pharmacovigilance in Namibia relies on spontaneous reporting of ADRs, there is a need for advocacy and workforce strengthening for ADR reporting in the public health sector.