bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of analytical methods to assess building response to tunnelling subsidence
Authors: Ritter Stefan , DeJong Matthew , Giardina Giorgia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates the performance of currently available analytical procedures to assess building response to tunnelling‐induced ground displacements. The focus is on methods that account for the interaction between the soil and the structure during tunnelling. These methods relate the soil to the building stiffness and are often called Relative Stiffness Methods (RSMs). Results from centrifuge model tests are used to evaluate the ability of these RSMs to predict building deformations. This evaluation benefits from detailed building models including facade openings, intermediate walls and strip footings. The range of RSM predictions was large, and the accuracy of each RSM was quantified. It was found that no RSM accurately predicts flexural building deformations. Recommendations that consider the building‐to‐tunnel position to achieve accurate predictions are indicated. This contribution provides a better understanding of the performance of currently available criteria to assess the risk of urban tunnelling.
Geotechnical rock mass characterisation and classification at the Brenner Base Tunnel project – Methodology and solutions
Authors: Reinhold Chris , Cordes Tobias , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor the construction of the Brenner Base Tunnel with a total length of the whole tunnel system of 230 km, the geotechnical characterisation of the rock and the rock mass based on the geological mapping, the exploration and the geological models is of essential importance. The reliability of the ground prediction and consequently the effectiveness of the construction and support measures are mainly influenced by the methodology for the evaluation of the characteristic material parameters of the ground. This mainly influences the project process and the construction as well as the maintenance costs of a tunnelling project. In this paper, the applied methodology with its approaches of resolution for the improvement of the reliability of the ground prediction at the Brenner Base Tunnel project are explained in detail. Furthermore the improvements to this methodology during different project stages are shown. The paper concentrates on the implementation of the results gained from the exploratory tunnel and the influence of these results on the methodology for the improvement of ground prediction and the reduction of ground risks. In addition problems and approaches for solving these problems are explained in detail. For instance the avoidance of the double consideration of the influence of schistosity by using a rock mass classification system for rock mass parameter identification.
Robust segmental lining design – Potentials of advanced numerical simulations for the design of TBM driven tunnels
Authors: Meschke Günther , Neu Gerrit Emanuel , Marwan Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLoading assumptions used for the structural design of segmental linings often improperly reflect the complex load combinations that develop during the construction of a bored tunnel. Therefore segment designs used in practice tend to be on the safe side and often rely on conventional reinforcement methods instead of including other reinforcement concepts, such as steel fibres. In this contribution, a multi‐scale computational modelling framework is proposed to investigate the response of steel‐fibre reinforced, traditionally reinforced, and hybrid‐reinforced lining segments to radial loadings with an emphasis on the longitudinal joints. This modelling approach offers an opportunity to directly investigate the influence of type and content of steel fibres on the performance of segmented linings at the structural scale. Using this framework, a method for robust optimization is applied in order to generate damage‐tolerant hybrid segment designs.
Maintenance of retaining structures on the Swiss motorways and national roads
Authors: Balbi Gianpiero 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Swiss motorways and national roads are being completely modernised in maintenance sections. All structures are regularly checked according to national and Fedro standards and maintenance measures are implemented where necessary. Completed maintenance projects concerning retaining structures have shown that the danger of corrosion cannot be neglected. In order to ensure the availability of the network in the long term, several retaining structures have been preventatively strengthened, including with the aid of risk‐based approaches. For this purpose, five research projects have been initiated. The procedure of Fedro for the maintenance of retaining structures is presented through examples from project studies.
15 km TBM exploratory tunnel excavation in the construction Lot H33 of the Brenner Base Tunnel
Authors: Lussu Andrea , Grüllich Sebastian , Kaiser Christian , Fontana Adrian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Tulfes Pfons H33 construction contract of the Brenner Base Tunnel includes a 15 km long exploratory tunnel. The tunnel is being driven by an open gripper TBM, permitting a view of the surface of the rock mass, to achieve the best possible geological and geotechnical exploration for the deep tunnel system. Geologists and geotechnical engineers follow the TBM excavation on a daily basis and guarantee ongoing mapping and interpretation of the rock mass classification and of the TBM data. All data from the exploratory tunnel advance, the TBM data, the measured deformations and the seismic explorations as well as the findings of geological mapping are incorporated into the geotechnical longitudinal section, which serves as the basis for the tenders of the main construction contracts. In particular, discussions take place with the designer of the following contract, how the encountered fault zones and overbreaks can be passed successfully in the main tunnels. Both the improvement of the rock mass from the exploratory tunnel and ramps are considered in order to excavate the most difficult fault zones from the exploratory tunnel.
Galbanic acid: Induced antiproliferation in estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancer cells and enhanced cellular redox state in the human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Sajjadi Maryam , Karimi Ehsan , Oskoueian Ehsan , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Neamati Ali 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionGalbanic acid (GA) is a natural bioactive compound abundantly distributed in Ferula species (Apiaceae), with a wide range of biological functions.MethodsThe present study investigated the anticancer properties of GA in human breast carcinoma MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines using MTT (3,4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Further, the antioxidant activity of GA was determined in vitro. The plausible mechanisms of action of GA were further investigated using flow cytometry and gene expression analysis.ResultsOur study indicated that treatment with GA resulted in inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. The obtained results indicated that GA has strong cytotoxicity on MDA‐MB‐231 cells (IC50 = 48.75 µg/mL) compare to MCF‐7 (IC50 = 56.65 µg/mL) and decrease cancer cell viability in the dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Meanwhile, microscopic examination and flow cytometry analysis confirmed the apoptosis cell death upon treatment with GA. The gene expression analysis revealed that GA could induce apoptosis‐mediated proliferation inhibition in MDA‐MB‐231 cells through upregulation of bax and caspase‐3 and downregulation of bcl2 genes. Besides, the GA exhibited free radical–scavenging activity and enhanced the cellular redox state in human dermal fibroblasts. The elevation of cellular redox status was confirmed by upregulating superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase genes.ConclusionThe results obtained in this study indicated that GA could be considered as a promising anticancer agent in breast cancer therapy and a bioactive antioxidant compound to be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Relationship between Mayo endoscopic score and histological scores in ulcerative colitis: A prospective study
Authors: Shah Jimil , Dutta Usha , Das Ashim , Sharma Vishal , Mandavdhare Harshal , Sharma Pankaj , Kalsi Dimple , Popli Priyanka , Kochhar Rakesh 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe Mayo endoscopic score (MES) remains the most commonly used index in clinical practice, as well as in various clinical trials. Recently, two validated histological indices (Nancy Index [NI] and Robert Histological Index [RHI]) have been developed for ulcerative colitis (UC). We aim to study the relationship between MES with NI, RHI, and the established Geboes Index (GI) in patients with UC.MethodsThis was a prospective single‐center study. MES was documented from the most involved area. Biopsy was taken from the same area and reported by a single gastrointestinal histopathologist who was blinded to the endoscopic score. Histological activity was reported using GI, NI, and RHI. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation coefficient and Cohen's kappa coefficient using SPSS version 23.ResultsMedian age of patients with UC (n = 96) was 36 years. Seventeen patients were in endoscopic remission (MES 0/1). Correlation coefficient between MES and GI/NI/RHI was only weak to moderate (rho = 0.381/0.389/0.442, respectively; P < 0.001 for all three correlations). In patients with endoscopic mucosal healing (n = 17), the agreement coefficient between MES and GI/RHI was weak (κ = 0.253/0.336, respectively; P = 0.001 for both agreements). However, there was no significant agreement coefficient between MES and NI (P = 0.573).ConclusionMES moderately correlated with histological scores. RHI had the best correlation with MES among all histological indices. Endoscopic mucosal healing is not strongly correlated with histological healing. Histological examination should be performed even in patients with mucosal healing to detect ongoing histological activity.
Maresin 1 Regulates Hepatic FGF21 in Diet‐Induced Obese Mice and in Cultured Hepatocytes
Authors: Martínez‐Fernández L. , González‐Muniesa P. , Sáinz N. , Laiglesia L. M. , Escoté X. , Martínez J. A. , Moreno‐Aliaga M. J. 
Published: October 2019

ScopeTo study the effects of Maresin 1 (MaR1), a docosahexaenoic‐acid‐derived lipid mediator, on fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) production and to characterize the tissue‐specific regulation of Fgf21 and its signaling pathway in liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT).Methods and resultsDiet‐induced obese (DIO) mice are treated with MaR1 (50 µg kg−1, 10 days, oral gavage) and serum FGF21 levels and liver, muscle and WAT Fgf21, β‐Klotho, Fgfr1, Egr1, and cFos mRNA expression are evaluated. Additionally, MaR1 effects are tested in mouse primary hepatocytes, HepG2 human hepatocytes, C2C12 myotubes, and 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. In DIO mice, MaR1 decreases circulating FGF21 levels and HFD‐induced hepatic Fgf21 mRNA expression. MaR1 increases hepatic β‐Klotho, Egr1, and cFos in DIO mice. In WAT, MaR1 counteracts the HFD‐induced downregulation of Fgf21, Fgfr1, and β‐Klotho. In muscle, MaR1 does not modify Fgf21 but promoted Fgfr1 expression. In mouse primary hepatocytes, MaR1 decreases Fgf21 expression and downregulated Pparα mRNA levels. In HepG2 cells, MaR1 reverses the increased production of FGF21 and the downregulation of FGFR1, Β‐KLOTHO, EGR1, and cFOS induced by palmitate. Preincubation with a PPARα antagonist prevents MaR1 effects on FGF21 secretion.ConclusionThe ability of MaR1 to modulate FGF21 can contribute to its beneficial metabolic effects.
Temperature/pH/magnetic triple‐sensitive nanogel–hydrogel nanocomposite for release of anticancer drug
Authors: Hayati Marziyeh , Rezanejade Bardajee Ghasem , Ramezani Majid , Hosseini Samaneh Sadat , Mizani Farhang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHydrogels, nanogels and nanocomposites show increasing potential for application in drug delivery systems due to their good chemical and physical properties. Therefore, we were encouraged to combine them to produce a new compound with unique properties for a long‐term drug release system. In this regard, the design and application of a nanocomposite hydrogel containing entrapped nanogel for drug delivery are demonstrated. To this aim, we first prepared an iron oxide nanocomposite nanogel based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐((2‐dimethylaminoethyl) methacrylate) (PNIPAM‐co‐PDMA) grafted onto sodium alginate (NaAlg) as a biocompatible polymer and iron oxide nanoparticles (ION) as nanometric base (PND/ION‐NG). This was then added into a solution of PDMA grafted onto NaAlg. Through dropwise addition of mixed aqueous solution of iron salts into the prepared polymeric solution, a novel hydrogel nanocomposite with excellent pH, thermal and magnetic responsivity was fabricated. The synthesized samples were fully characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry and atomic force microscopy. A mechanism for the formation of PNIPAM‐co‐PDMA/NaAlg‐ION nanogel–PDMA/NaAlg‐ION hydrogel and PND/ION nanogel is suggested. Swelling capacity was measured at various temperatures (25 to 45 °C), pH values (from 2 to 11) and magnetic field and under load (0.3 psi) and the dependence of swelling properties of the nanogel–hydrogel nanocomposite on these factors was well demonstrated. The release rate of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as an anticancer drug was studied at different pH values and temperatures in the presence and absence of a magnetic field. The results showed that these factors have a high impact on drug release from this nanocomposite. The result showed that DOX release could be sustained for up to 12.5 days from these nanocomposite hydrogels, significantly longer than that achievable using the constituent hydrogel or nanogel alone (<1 day). The results indicated that the nanogel–hydrogel nanocomposite can serve as a novel nanocarrier for anticancer drug delivery. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Adenosine‐to‐Inosine RNA Editing in Mouse and Human Brain Proteomes
Authors: Levitsky Lev I. , Kliuchnikova Anna A. , Kuznetsova Ksenia G. , Karpov Dmitry S. , Ivanov Mark V. , Pyatnitskiy Mikhail A. , Kalinina Olga V. , Gorshkov Mikhail V. , Moshkovskii Sergei A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProteogenomics is based on the use of customized genome or RNA sequencing databases for interrogation of shotgun proteomics data in search for proteome‐level evidence of genome variations or RNA editing. In this work, the products of adenosine‐to‐inosine RNA editing in human and murine brain proteomes are identified using publicly available brain proteome LC‐MS/MS datasets and an RNA editome database compiled from several sources. After filtering of false‐positive results, 20 and 37 sites of editing in proteins belonging to 14 and 32 genes are identified for murine and human brain proteomes, respectively. Eight sites of editing identified with high spectral counts overlapped between human and mouse brain samples. Some of these sites have been previously reported using orthogonal methods, such as α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors, CYFIP2, coatomer alpha. Also, differential editing between neurons and microglia is demonstrated in this work for some of the proteins from primary murine brain cell cultures. Because many edited sites are still not characterized functionally at the protein level, the results provide a necessary background for their further analysis in normal and diseased cells and tissues using targeted proteomic approaches.
Influence of Bacillus thuringiensis application timing on population dynamics of gypsy moth in Mediterranean cork oak forests
Authors: Mannu Roberto , Cocco Arturo , Luciano Pietro , Lentini Andrea 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is one of the main pests of oak forests worldwide and causes extensive defoliation during its periodic outbreaks. In the Mediterranean region, control of gypsy moth populations in cork oak forests is based on application of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki (Btk) formulations. This research investigated the effects of Btk applications carried out in two different population development phases on gypsy moth population dynamics. With this aim, temporal and spatial fluctuation patterns of L. dispar egg density were monitored in cork oak forests treated with Btk applications from 2004 to 2009 in Sardinia (Italy).RESULTSApplications undertaken during the progradation and culmination phases protected the oak canopies equally in the year of application, leading to a similar decrease in pest population density in the following year. However, the medium‐term effectiveness of Btk differed between the two application timings, because only applications in the culmination phase caused a gradual decrease in L. dispar infestations throughout subsequent years. By contrast, when the application was undertaken during the progradation phase, population density increased again after 2–3 years. Moreover, Btk applications in the culmination phase reduced significantly the number of years in which gypsy moth density was damaging compared with those done in progradation.CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that Btk applications during the culmination phase were more effective than those in the progradation period, because application in the latter case did not suppress the population, but only postponed the outbreak peak by 2–3 years. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of Novel Chiral 18‐Sulfanyl and Sulfonyl Dehydroabietane Derivatives
Authors: Izmest'ev Yevgeniy S. , Pestova Svetlana V. , Lezina Ol'ga M. , Rubtsova Svetlana A. , Kutchin Aleksandr V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFor the first time, dehydroabietic acid ethyl ester was used as initial material to produce the corresponding at the C‐18 position thioacetate, thiol, disulfide, sulfonic acid and sulfonyl chloride which open up prospects for the synthesis of other polyfunctional compounds combining a biologically active dehydroabietane fragment with various pharmacophore groups. The optimal conditions were found to directly oxidize dehydroabietanthiol to sulfochloride using chlorine dioxide as an oxidant in the presence of vanadyl acetylacetonate as a catalyst. This sulfochloride synthesized was proposed to use for obtaining a series of sulfonamides with alkyl, aryl, hetaryl and monosaccharide fragments.
Prevalence and phenotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from different types of raw meat samples in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Askari Neda , Momtaz Hassan , Tajbakhsh Elahe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates are not only known as opportunistic nosocomial bacteria but may also be regarded as emerging bacterial contaminants in foods of animal origins. The present investigation was done to assess the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of A. baumannii isolated from different types of raw meat samples. One hundred and ninety‐four raw meat samples were collected and cultured for A. baumannii isolates. Culture‐positive bacteria were also approved using the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. The disc diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Out of 194 raw meat samples, 39 (20.10%) were positive for A. baumannii isolates. Ovine raw meat was the most commonly contaminated samples (32.14%). All of the culture‐positive A. baumannii isolates were also approved using the LAMP assay. A. baumannii isolates harboured the highest prevalence of resistance against gentamicin (87.17%), tetracycline (79.48%), erythromycin (74.35%), azithromycin (66.66%), ciprofloxacin (58.97%), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (56.41%) and rifampin (51.28%). The lowest prevalence of resistance was found against imipenem (17.94%) and chloramphenicol (28.20%). Raw bovine, ovine, caprine, camel and poultry meat samples were considered as the important sources of isolates resistant to some of the categories of antimicrobials used to treat infections caused by A. baumannii. Further studies are required to find the exact role of resistant A. baumannii isolates in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance to human population.
The exotic species Senecio inaequidens pays the price for arriving late in temperate European grassland communities
Authors: Delory Benjamin M. , Weidlich Emanuela W. A. , Kunz Miriam , Neitzel Joshua , Temperton Vicky M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The exotic South African ragwort (Senecio inaequidens DC.) rapidly spread across Central Europe after its introduction, but we still do not know to what extent its timing of arrival in a plant community (i.e. before or after natives) and the composition of the native community being invaded affect (1) its capacity to invade a European grassland, (2) the performance of the native species, and (3) the direction and strength of priority effects. In a greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the timing of arrival of the exotic species (Senecio) and the composition of the native community to test the influence of these factors on the productivity and N content of exotic and native species. We also investigated if the plant species origin (native or exotic) and the native community composition affected the benefit of arriving early and the cost of arriving late in the community. The establishment success of Senecio strongly depended on its timing of arrival in a grassland community. Senecio benefited more from arriving early than did the natives. The presence of legumes in the community did not favour invasion by Senecio. When natives arrived later than Senecio, however, priority effects were weaker when legumes were part of the native community. Our results showed that inhibitory priority effects created by natives can lower the risk of invasion by Senecio. An early arrival of this species at a site with low native species abundance is a scenario that could favour invasion.
The Role of Grain Boundary Oxidation on Surface Crack Formation under Continuous Casting Conditions
Authors: Krobath Roman , Bernhard Christian , Ilie Sergiu , Six Jakob , Hahn Susanne , Pennerstorfer Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper represents an extended abstract of a study presented at the ESTAD 2019 conference. In this contribution, the influence of different cooling strategies on the formation of intergranular surface cracks is observed with in-situ bending experiments under continuous casting conditions. The steel composition is equal to a 0.17 wt.% C construction steel. It is investigated with and without Al deoxidation at bending temperatures of 1100 °C to 700 °C. The results show the most critical situation prevailed for each testing condition at 900 °C. A holding temperature of 1200 °C leads to a selective grain boundary oxidation and therefore to the formation of notches at the austenite grain boundaries, which are the cause for stress concentrations and easier formation of cracks during a subsequent tensile deformation at critical temperatures. The experiments reveal a partially stronger influence of this phenomenon on the steel without Al deoxidation.