bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivering on the Promise of Democracy
Authors: Jhaj Sukhwant 
Published: December 2018

Many educators can recite the faults of their schools or universities, but far fewer can recognize and develop existing strengths to benefit a wider audience. Sukhwant Jhaj has crafted a refreshing new look at how imaginative leadership and a shift in perspective can propel institutions to reach at-risk or underrepresented members of their communities. Delivering on the Promise of Democracy pulls back the curtain on seven high-performing universities to reveal which daily decisions, including listening to the community, embracing conflict, and implementing effective strategies through routine, guide administrators in achieving exceptional results. Through in-depth interviews that offer a close look at these seven universities, Jhaj traces a new trajectory for higher education: a call to question a university's effectiveness through its accessibility to the community it serves.
Jhaj's book will inspire anybody interested in widening access to education with its call to renew their institution's mission through powerful and effective leadership.
Bore-ing into Nocturnal Convection
Authors: Haghi Kevin R. , Geerts Bart , Chipilski Hristo G. , Johnson Aaron , Degelia Samuel , Imy David , Parsons David B. , Adams-Selin Rebecca D. , Turner David D. , Wang Xuguang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere has been a recent wave of attention given to atmospheric bores in order to understand how they evolve and initiate and maintain convection during the night. This surge is attributable to data collected during the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign. A salient aspect of the PECAN project is its focus on using multiple observational platforms to better understand convective outflow boundaries that intrude into the stable boundary layer and induce the development of atmospheric bores. The intent of this article is threefold: 1) to educate the reader on current and future foci of bore research, 2) to present how PECAN observations will facilitate aforementioned research, and 3) to stimulate multidisciplinary collaborative efforts across other closely related fields in an effort to push the limitations of prediction of nocturnal convection.
Framing Climate Uncertainty: Frame Choices Reveal and Influence Climate Change Beliefs
Authors: Kause Astrid , Townsend Tarlise , Gaissmaier Wolfgang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe public debate around climate change is increasingly polarized. At the same time, the scientific consensus about the causes and consequences of climate change is strong. This inconsistency poses challenges for mitigation and adaptation efforts. The translation of uncertain numerical climate projections into simpler but ambiguous verbal frames may contribute to this polarization. In two experimental studies, we investigated 1) how “communicators” verbally frame a confidence interval regarding projected change in winter precipitation due to climate change (N = 512) and 2) how “listeners” interpret these verbal frames (N = 385). Both studies were preregistered at the Open Science Framework. Communicators who perceived the change as more severe chose a concerned rather than an unconcerned verbal frame. Furthermore, communicators’ verbal frames were associated with their more general beliefs, like political affiliation and environmental values. Listeners exposed to the concerned frame perceived climate change–induced precipitation change to be more severe than those receiving the unconcerned frame. These results are in line with two pilot studies (N = 298 and N = 393, respectively). Underlying general beliefs about climate and the environment likely shape public communication about climate in subtle ways, and thus verbal framing by the media, policymakers, and peers may contribute to public polarization on climate change.
Tactile, Visual, and Crossmodal Visual-Tactile Change Blindness: The Effect of Transient Type and Task Demands
Authors: Riggs Sara Lu , Sarter Nadine 
Published: December 2018

Objective: The present study examined whether tactile change blindness and crossmodal visual-tactile change blindness occur in the presence of two transient types and whether their incidence is affected by the addition of a concurrent task. Background: Multimodal and tactile displays have been proposed as a promising means to overcome data overload and support attention management. To ensure the effectiveness of these displays, researchers must examine possible limitations of human information processing, such as tactile and crossmodal change blindness. Method: Twenty participants performed a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) monitoring task that included visual and tactile cues. They completed four blocks of 70 trials each, one involving visual transients, the other tactile transients. A search task was added to determine whether increased workload leads to a higher risk of change blindness. Results: The findings confirm that tactile change detection suffers in terms of response accuracy, sensitivity, and response bias in the presence of a tactile transient. Crossmodal visual-tactile change blindness was not observed. Also, change detection was not affected by the addition of the search task and helped reduce response bias. Conclusion: Tactile displays can help support multitasking and attention management, but their design needs to account for tactile change blindness. Simultaneous presentation of multiple tactile indications should be avoided as it adversely affects change detection. Application: The findings from this research will help inform the design of multimodal and tactile interfaces in data-rich domains, such as military operations, aviation, and healthcare.
Initiation of Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients with Poor Performance Status: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Porter Joan , Earle Craig , Atzema Clare , Liu Ying , Howell Doris , Seow Hsien , Sutradhar Rinku , Dudgeon Deborah , Husain Amna , Sussman Jonathan , Barbera Lisa 
Published: December 2018

Objective: Practice guidelines indicate that patients who have months to weeks left to live should not be offered chemotherapy. We examined factors associated with clinician-reported poor performance status as determined by the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) and subsequent initiation of intravenous (IV) chemotherapy in an ambulatory cancer population in Ontario, Canada. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients who had at least one PPS assessment indicating poor performance status (a PPS score of 50 or lower) comprised the study cohort. Using linked administrative databases, we observed the cohort for initiation of IV chemotherapy within 30 days of the first (index) poor PPS assessment. Results: We excluded patients for whom IV or oral chemotherapy was on going or recently completed or whose performance status improved following the index assessment. Of the remaining cohort, 9.3 percent (264/2,842) received IV chemotherapy within 30 days of the index PPS. Conclusion: A small number of cancer patients with poor performance status began IV chemotherapy in the month following assessment. Objectif: Les directives de pratiques cliniques recommandent que l'on ne propose pas de traitements de chimiothérapie aux patients présentant une espérance de survie de quelques semaines à quelques mois. Nous avons examiné, chez un groupe de patients atteints du cancer en Ontario, au Canada, les éléments associés au faible statut des malades selon les paramètres de l'Έchelle de performance pour soins palliatifs afin d'identifier les facteurs qui ont déterminé l'amorce de la chimiothérapie. Méthode: Cette étude rétrospective comprenait les patients chez qui lors du test d'évaluation de performance on avait noté au moins un élément négatif, soit un score de performance de 50 ou moins. En utilisant plusieurs banques de données administratives interreliées, nous avons étudié cette cohorte de patients devant être traités par chimiothérapie au cours de la période de 30 jours suivant leur évaluation. Résultats: Nous avons exclu les patients pour lesquels le traitement de chimiothérapie orale ou intraveineuse était déjà en cours ou récemment terminé ou ceux dont le statut s'était amélioré selon l'Έchelle de performance. De la partie restante de la cohorte, 9,3 pourcent (264/2 842) ont reçu le traitement par voie intraveineuse à l'intérieur des 30 jours suivant l'indice de l'Έchelle de performance. Conclusion: Un petit nombre de patients ayant un faible statut ont commencé la traitement de chimiothérapie au cours du mois suivant l'évaluation.
Job Applications Using the Internet
Authors: Murry Jeanette 
Published: December 2018

Many Australian-based companies are currently providing company information on-line. Now some companies are introducing the option of on-line job applications. The Internet will also play a key role in the delivery of employment services when the Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs launches new labour market reforms in 1998. What is the difference between a keyword, an online, an HTML and a scannable résumé? What about security issues? This article examines what careers professionals need to know in order to advise their clients about this type of job application. Using the Internet for job applications speeds up the process of applying for a job. Job seekers can obtain an application form, company information, fill out the form and submit it in a much shorter period of time than using other communication methods. The production of stunning looking resumes is no advantage for e-mail, scannable or on-line applications. With these types of resume, uniform presentation is essential and the content of the resume is the primary feature, with keywords of paramount importance. Conversely, for HTML resumes presentation is crucial and those who can turn their resume into an interesting multimedia presentation will have an advantage over other applicants. Jandt and Nemnich (1995) and Riley (1996) are resources that careers professionals may find useful. The main requirement for careers professionals is to develop a good knowledge of the jargon, which will enable advisers to provide helpful assistance to their clients. Understanding how the various kinds of resumes differ from each other is also necessary to giving sound advice. Finally, clients need to be made aware of the security and privacy issues that may arise when making electronic job applications.
Severe Flexible Pes Planovalgus Deformity Correction Using Trabecular Metallic Wedges
Authors: Tsai Justin , McDonald Elizabeth , Sutton Ryan , Raikin Steven M. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Lateral column lengthening and plantarflexion dorsal opening wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform are 2 commonly used procedures to address the deformity seen in severe flexible pes planovalgus deformity. Traditionally, iliac crest allograft or autograft has been used to fill the osteotomy sites. Porous metallic wedges can be used as an alternative to avoid the concerns associated with both autograft and allograft. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who had corrective osteotomies utilizing metallic wedges to address flexible pes planovalgus with at least 2 years of follow-up data. Preoperative radiographic measurements (anteroposterior [AP] and talo-first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch, talocalcaneal angle, and talonavicular uncoverage angle) and functional scores (visual analog scale [VAS] pain, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure [FAAM] Activities of Daily Living [ADL], FAAM Sports) were compared to postoperative radiographic measurements and functional scores. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in all radiographic parameters and functional scores. Two nonunions were seen, one of which healed with revision surgery while the other was asymptomatic. At the time of last radiographic follow-up, there were no recurrences of deformity or collapse. Conclusion: Porous metallic wedges offer an attractive alternative to autograft and/or allograft in the setting of corrective osteotomies for severe flexible pes planovalgus. Patients who underwent corrective osteotomies using these wedges demonstrated reliable, effective, and stable radiographic correction as well as significant improvements in function and pain. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Combined spinal and general anaesthesia in 58 cats undergoing various surgical procedures: description of technique and retrospective perioperative evaluation
Authors: Sarotti Diego , Cattai Andrea , Franci Paolo 
Published: December 2018

Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the spinal anaesthesia (SA) technique and evaluate the incidence of perioperative complications in cats. Methods The anaesthetic records of cats of American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I, II and III, which received general and SA for different surgeries between 2012 and 2016, were examined. SA was administered through a 25 G Quincke needle, using an isobaric solution of bupivacaine and morphine at the level of either the L7–S1 interspaces (sternal recumbency) or the L5–6/L6–7 interspaces (lateral recumbency). Procedural failure rate (PFR), drugs and dose used, heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, incidence of bradycardia (HR <100 bpm) and hypotension (mean arterial pressure [MAP] <60 mmHg for at least 5 mins), intraoperative rescue analgesia (iRA) and any other detrimental events and their treatment until discharge were recorded. Abdominal surgery cases were excluded from the intraoperative evaluation. Results A total of 58 anaesthetic records met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. PFR related to the space of injection (L7–S1 vs L5–6/L6–7) was 3/11 (27%) and 1/47 (2%), respectively ( P = 0.017). The total median dose of intrathecal bupivacaine and morphine was 0.8 (range 0.5–1.6 mg/kg) and 0.10 (0.05–0.18 mg/kg), respectively. Nine of 46 (20%) cats received iRA, and no iRA cases were reported with a dose of bupivacaine higher than 0.8 mg/kg. Median HR and MAP before intrathecal injection (T0) and 10 mins after (T1) were, respectively, 118 bpm (range 74–190 bpm) and 106 bpm (67–160 bpm) ( P = 0.005), and 65 mmHg (range 50–94 mmHg) and 52 mmHg (range 35–85 mmHg) ( P = 0.003). Bradycardia was reported in 18/46 (39%) cats and hypotension in 23/46 (50%) cats. No complications were recorded during the observation period. Conclusions and relevance SA was characterised by a low PFR when performed at the L5–6/L6–7 interspaces and low postoperative complications. Hypotension and bradycardia were the most common side effects.
Rotatory Dislocation of the Spine in Dystrophic Kyphoscoliosis Secondary to Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Tsirikos Athanasios I , Dhokia Rakesh , Wordie Sarah 
Published: December 2018

Aim of the study: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) is associated with the development of scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis. The deformity is rapidly progressive in the presence of dystrophic changes producing bone erosion. Vertebral subluxation or dislocation can occur in children with highly dystrophic kyphoscoliosis and carries an increased risk of paralysis. There is no standardised treatment for this extreme deformity with very few patients currently reported in the literature. Methods: Retrospective review of a patient with NF-1 who developed a dystrophic upper thoracic kyphoscoliosis with segmental displacement of T2 on T3. Results: We report a patient with NF-1 who presented at 8.9 years with a progressive upper thoracic kyphoscoliosis. At 18.8 years, the deformity had deteriorated to scoliosis 65° and kyphosis 78° with fixed segmental rotatory dislocation at T2-T3. He underwent posterior cervico-thoracic fusion with concave pedicle screw/hook/rod instrumentation and iliac crest bone. Minimum correction was achieved due to curve rigidity and inability to reduce the T2/T3 displacement by halo-femoral traction. At 7 months, an elective posterior re-grafting procedure was performed followed by anterior fusion with rib strut grafts between T2-T6 through a midline sternotomy. The patient is now 3.5 years after anterior surgery and remains neurologically intact with stable residual deformity and computed tomographic evidence of circumferential fusion. He has no back pain and resumed non-contact physical activities. Conclusions: Patients with NF-1 can develop dystrophic kyphoscoliosis with segmental spinal subluxation/dislocation. Circumferential fusion is a technically challenging procedure which often requires a multi-disciplinary surgical team but produces satisfactory clinical outcome preventing paraplegia.
Dalfampridine benefits ambulation but not cognition in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Satchidanand Nikhil , Drake Allison , Smerbeck A , Hojnacki David , Kolb Channa , Patrick Kara , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Motl Robert , Benedict Ralph HB 
Published: December 2018

Background: Impaired cognition and ambulation are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Dalfampridine is the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved medication to treat impaired ambulation in MS. Dalfampridine may benefit patients with cognitive impairment, given its effects on saltatory conduction and the association between cognitive and motor function. Objective: To examine the effects of dalfampridine on cognition in MS. To determine if the anticipated improved cognition is grounded in dalfampridine’s effects on ambulation. Methods: Adults with MS were randomized to dalfampridine ( n = 45) or placebo ( n = 16) for 12 weeks. Cognition and motor function were assessed at baseline and end-point. Results: T25FW and 6-minute walk (6MW) performance improved at end-point in the treatment group but not in the placebo group ( p < 0.05). Our primary outcome, performance on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, did not improve. About 30% ( n = 12) of the dalfampridine group demonstrated ⩾20% improved ambulation and were categorized “responders.” Among “responders”, Symbol Digit Modalities test performance did not improve. However, performance on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test improved among “responders” ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dalfampridine benefits timed ambulation but not cognition. Some improvement among ambulation “responders” is consistent with prior reports of cognition-motor coupling in MS ( ClinicalTrials.gov #: NCT02006160).
Factors affecting the concordance of radiologic and pathologic tumor size in breast carcinoma
Authors: Hamza Ameer , Khawar Sidrah , Sakhi Ramen , Alrajjal Ahmed , Miller Shelby , Ibrar Warda , Edens Jacob , Salehi Sajad , Ockner Daniel 
Published: December 2018

Background Radiologic assessment of tumor size is an integral part of the work-up for breast carcinoma. With improved radiologic equipment, surgical decision relies profoundly upon radiologic/clinical stage. We wanted to see the concordance between radiologic and pathologic tumor size to infer how accurate radiologic/clinical staging is. Materials and methods The surgical pathology and ultrasonography reports of patients with breast carcinoma were reviewed. Data were collected for 406 cases. Concordance was defined as a size difference within ±2 mm. Results The difference between radiologic and pathologic tumor size was within ±2 mm in 40.4% cases. The mean radiologic size was 1.73 ± 1.06 cm. The mean pathologic size was 1.84 ± 1.24 cm. A paired t-test showed a significant mean difference between radiologic and pathologic measurements (0.12 ± 1.03 cm, p = 0.03). Despite the size difference, stage classification was the same in 59.9% of cases. Radiologic size overestimated stage in 14.5% of cases and underestimated stage in 25.6% of cases. The concordance rate was significantly higher for tumors ≤2 cm (pT1) (51.1%) as compared to those greater than 2 cm (≥pT2) (19.7%) ( p < 0.0001). Significantly more lumpectomy specimens (47.5%) had concordance when compared to mastectomy specimens (29.8%) ( p < 0.0001). Invasive ductal carcinoma had better concordance compared to other tumors ( p = 0.02). Conclusion Mean pathologic tumor size was significantly different from mean radiologic tumor size. Concordance was in just over 40% of cases and the stage classification was the same in about 60% of cases only. Therefore, surgical decision of lumpectomy versus mastectomy based on radiologic tumor size may not always be accurate.
Sex/gender bias in the management of chest pain in ambulatory care
Authors: Clerc Liaudat Christelle , Vaucher Paul , De Francesco Tommaso , Jaunin-Stalder Nicole , Herzig Lilli , Verdon François , Favrat Bernard , Locatelli Isabella , Clair Carole 
Published: December 2018

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death worldwide and despite a higher prevalence in men, mortality from CVD is higher among women. Few studies have assessed sex differences in chest pain management in ambulatory care. The objective of this post hoc analysis of data from a prospective cohort study was to assess sex differences in the management of chest pain in ambulatory care. Setting: We used data from the Thoracic Pain in Community cohort study that was realized in 58 primary care practices and one university ambulatory clinic in Switzerland. Participants: In total, 672 consecutive patients aged over 16 years attending a primary care practice or ambulatory care clinic with a complaint of chest pain were included between February and June 2001. Their mean age was 55.2 years and 52.5% were women. Main outcome measures: The main outcome was the proportion of patients referred to a cardiologist at 12 months follow-up. A panel of primary care physicians assessed the final diagnosis retained for chest pain at 12 months. Results: The prevalence of chest pain of cardiovascular origin (n = 108, 16.1%) was similar for men and women (17.5% vs 14.8%, respectively, p = 0.4). Men with chest pain were 2.5 times more likely to be referred to a cardiologist than women (16.6% vs 7.4%, odds ratio: 2.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.52–4.09). After adjustment for the patients’ age and cardiovascular disease risk factors, the estimates did not significantly change (odds ratio: 2.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.30–3.78). Conclusion: Although the same proportion of women and men present with a chest pain of cardiovascular origin in ambulatory care, there is a strong sex bias in their management. These data suggest that effort must be made to assure equity between men and women in medical care.