bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liposomal Bupivacaine Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Versus Epidural Analgesia in a Colon and Rectal Surgery Enhanced Recovery Pathway: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Felling Daniel R. , Jackson Miles W. , Ferraro Jane , Battaglia Michael A. , Albright Jeremy J. , Wu Juan , Genord Cheryl K. , Brockhaus Kara K. , Bhave Rohit A. , McClure Amanda M. , Shanker Beth-Ann , Cleary Robert K. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Multimodal pain management is an integral part of enhanced recovery pathways. The most effective pain management strategies have not been determined.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to compare liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane block with epidural analgesia in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.

DESIGN:
This is a single-institution, open-label randomized (1:1) trial.

SETTING:
This study compared liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane block with epidural analgesia in patients undergoing elective open and minimally invasive colorectal surgery in an enhanced recovery pathway.

PATIENTS:
Two hundred were enrolled. Following randomization, allocation, and follow-up, there were 92 patients with transversus abdominis plane block and 87 patients with epidural analgesia available for analysis.

INTERVENTIONS:
The interventions comprised liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane block versus epidural analgesia.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcomes measured were numeric pain scores and the overall benefit of analgesia scores.

RESULTS:
There were no significant differences in the Numeric Pain Scale and Overall Benefit of Analgesia Score between groups. Time trend analysis revealed that patients with transversus abdominis plane block had higher numeric pain scores on the day of surgery, but that the relationship was reversed later in the postoperative period. Opioid use was significantly less in the transversus abdominis plane block group (206.84 mg vs 98.29 mg, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in time to GI recovery, hospital length of stay, and postoperative complications. Cost was considerably more for the epidural analgesia group.

LIMITATIONS:
This study was conducted at a single institution.

CONCLUSIONS:
This randomized trial shows that perioperative pain management with liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane block is as effective as epidural analgesia and is associated with less opioid use and less cost. These data and the more favorable risk profile suggest that liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane block is a viable multimodal perioperative pain management option for this patient population in an established enhanced recovery pathway. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02591407). See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A737.
The Boomerang Epicanthoplasty: A Technique That Avoids Hooding
Authors: Kim Joo Ho , Hwang Kun , Park Bumjin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Redraping is an increasingly common epicanthoplasty method. However, hooding usually remains at the medial part of the upper eyelid. The authors innovated a modification of redraping epicanthoplasty using excision, resulting in a boomerang-shaped defect that does not lead to hooding of the medial upper eyelid.
Medial line (M-line) was drawn at the most medial point of the palpebral fissure. The canthus point (C-point) was marked approximately 1 to 3 mm laterally from the M-point, depending on the amount of widening needed. From the C-point, upper incision was designed to meet the double eyelid line. A V-shaped lower incision was designed 3 to 4 mm below the ciliary margin. A flap was elevated about 7 mm superiorly, 10 mm medially, and 5 mm inferiorly. The elevated skin flap was redraped and the M’-point, which reflected the M-point on the redraped skin, was marked. A curvilinear incision line reflecting previous incision lines was drawn. The crescent-shaped excess skin was excised and the medial canthus was retracted medially, and then the boomerang-shaped defect was observed. The M-point and M’-point were coapted with a suture. The dog-ear at the lower side was trimmed.
The 525 patients were followed up for ≥3 months postoperatively. The average increase in the palpebral fissure length was 1.2 ± 0.5 mm. The average decrease in the interepicanthal distance was 2.4 ± 0.9 mm. The average satisfaction score was 4.6 ± 0.6.
Boomerang epicanthoplasty can prevent hooding on the medial aspect of the upper eyelid. It is easy to design, requires marking only 1 point, and is tension-free, thereby reducing scar widening.
The IL-33-ST2 Pathway Contributes to Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury in Septic Mice in a Tidal Volume-Dependent Manner
Authors: Ding Xibing , Jin Shuqing , Shao Zhenzhen , Xu Li , Yu Zhuang , Tong Yao , Chen Zhixia , Turnquist Heth , Pitt Bruce R. , Billiar Timothy R. , Zhang Li-Ming , Li Quan 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is frequently employed to manage respiratory failure in sepsis patients and is required for the surgical management of intra-abdominal sepsis. The impact of MV varies dramatically depending on tidal volume, with even moderate tidal volume (MTV) ventilation leading to ventilator-induced lung injury, whereas low tidal volume (LTV) ventilation protects against sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Interleukin (IL)-33 is known to contribute to lung injury in sepsis and its release can be induced by mechanical stress. To determine the relationship between the IL-33-suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) pathway and patterns of lung injury associated with MV in sepsis, mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed 6 h later by either MTV (10 mL/kg) or LTV (6 mL/kg) ventilation for 4 h. MTV and LTV ventilation alone for 4 h had no impact on lung injury. MTV markedly exacerbated lung injury and inflammation, while LTV significantly suppressed these parameters in septic mice. Lung and plasma levels of IL-33 ST2 were significantly elevated by CLP alone at 10 h. MTV caused further and significant increases in IL-33 and sST2 levels, while LTV significantly suppressed levels induced by CLP. Deletion of IL-33 or ST2 prevented the increase in lung injury and inflammation induced by MTV in septic mice, while administration of recombinant IL-33 in the airway reversed the protection seen with LTV. Taken together, these findings implicate the IL-33-ST2 pathway in the pro-inflammatory changes induced by the mechanical ventilation that leads to lung injury in the setting of intra-abdominal sepsis in a tidal volume-dependent manner.
Female Urology and Urogynecology: The Outcome of Patients Participating in Live Surgical Broadcasts
Authors: Itam Sarah , Pakzad Mahreen , Hamid Rizwan , Ockrim Jeremy , Vashisht Arvind , Cutner Alfred , Greenwell Tamsin 
Published: September 2018

Introduction
The aims of this study were to assess the complications and short- and long-term outcomes of patients involved in live surgical broadcasts (LSBs) of female urology and urogynecological surgery and compare the surgical success with operations performed outside this setting by the same surgeons.

Methods
We reviewed our prospectively collected database of all patients who had taken part in LSBs between 2008 and 2015 for the annual female urology and urogynecology course. Data on intraoperative and 30- and 90-day complications and primary outcomes from surgery were collected. Procedure-specific success rates were determined and compared with the center's previously published success rate for these procedures.

Results
Overall, 53 females with a median age of 50 years (range, 23–77 years) underwent 62 procedures during these LSBs. There were no intraoperative complications. There was 1 Clavien-Dindo grade II complication within 30 days of surgery. Within 90 days of surgery, there was 1 Clavien-Dindo grade III complication, which occurred in a patient having removal of anterior pelvic organ prolapse mesh for urethral erosion and simultaneous colposuspension. The majority of operations, 57 (92%) of 62, achieved their intended primary outcome.

Conclusions
With careful planning, LSB can offer a safe way of sharing current operative techniques and decision making with similar 30- and 90-day complication rates to standard practices and comparable functional outcomes to standard practice.
Short “Infraslow” Activity (SISA) With Burst Suppression in Acute Anoxic Encephalopathy: A Rare, Specific Ominous Sign With Acute Posthypoxic Myoclonus or Acute Symptomatic Seizures
Authors: Togo Masaya , Hitomi Takefumi , Murai Tomohiko , Yoshimura Hajime , Matsuhashi Masao , Matsumoto Riki , Kawamoto Michi , Kohara Nobuo , Takahashi Ryosuke , Ikeda Akio 
Published: September 2018

Objective:
Slow wave with frequency <0.5 Hz are recorded in various situations such as normal sleep, epileptic seizures. However, its clinical significance has not been fully clarified. Although infra-slow activity was recently defined as activity between 0.01 and 0.1 Hz, we focus on the activity recorded with time constant of 2 seconds for practical usage. We defined short “infraslow” activity (SISA) less than 0.5 Hz recorded with time constant of 2 seconds and investigated the occurrence and clinical significance of SISA in acute anoxic encephalopathy.

Methods:
This study evaluated the findings of electroencephalography in consecutive 98 comatose patients with acute anoxic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest. We first classified electroencephalography findings conventionally, then investigated SISA by time constant of 2 second and a high-cut filter of 120 Hz, to clarify the relationship between SISA and clinical profiles, especially of clinical outcomes and occurrence of acute posthypoxic myoclonus or acute symptomatic seizures.

Results:
Short infra-slow activity was found in six patients (6.2%), superimposed on the burst phase of the burst-suppression pattern. All six patients showed acute posthypoxic myoclonus or acute symptomatic seizures (generalized tonic–clonic seizures) and its prognosis was poor. This 100% occurrence of acute posthypoxic myoclonus or acute symptomatic seizures was significantly higher than that in patients without SISA (39.1%; P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Short infra-slow activity in acute anoxic encephalopathy could be associated with acute posthypoxic myoclonus and acute symptomatic seizures. Short infra-slow activity could be a practically feasible biomarker for myoclonus or seizures and poor prognosis in acute anoxic encephalopathy, if it occurs with burst suppression.
Sexual conflict in self-fertile hermaphrodites: reproductive differences among species, and between individuals versus cohorts, in the leech genusHelobdella(Lophotrochozoa; Annelida; Clitellata; Hirudinida; Glossiphoniidae)
Authors: Iyer Roshni G. , Rogers D. Valle , Winchell Christopher J. , Weisblat David A. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTLeeches and oligochaetes comprise a monophyletic group of annelids, the Clitellata, whose reproduction is characterized by simultaneous hermaphroditism. While most clitellate species reproduce by cross-fertilization, self-fertilization has been described within the speciose genusHelobdella. Here we document the reproductive life histories and reproductive capacities for three otherHelobdellaspecies. Under laboratory conditions, bothH. robustaandH. octatestisacaexhibit uniparental reproduction, apparently reflecting self-fertility, and suggesting that this trait is ancestral for the genus. However, the third species,H. austinensis, seems incapable of reproduction by self-fertilization, so we inferred its reproductive life history by analyzing reproduction in breeding cohorts. Comparing the reproductive parameters forH. robustareproducing in isolation and in cohorts revealed that reproduction in cohorts is dramatically delayed with respect to that of isolated individuals, and that cohorts of leeches coordinate their cocoon deposition in a manner that is not predicted from the reproductive parameters of individuals reproducing in isolation. Finally, our comparisons of reproductive capacity for individuals versus cohorts forH. robusta, and between different sizes of cohorts forH. austinensis, reveal differences in resource allocation between male and female reproductive roles that are consistent with evolutionary theory.
Function and essentiality of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin V
Authors: Boonyalai Nonlawat , Collins Christine R. , Hackett Fiona , Withers-Martinez Chrislaine , Blackman Michael J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe malaria parasite replicates within erythrocytes. The pathogenesis of clinical malaria is in large part due to the capacity of the parasite to remodel its host cell. To do this, intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum export more than 300 proteins that dramatically alter the morphology of the infected erythrocyte as well as its mechanical and adhesive properties. P. falciparum plasmepsin V (PfPMV) is an aspartic protease that processes proteins for export into the host erythrocyte and is thought to play a key role in parasite virulence and survival. However, although standard techniques for gene disruption as well as conditional protein knockdown have been previously attempted with the pfpmv gene, complete gene removal or knockdown was not achieved so direct genetic proof that PMV is an essential protein has not yet been established. Here we have used a conditional gene excision approach combining CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and DiCre-mediated recombination to functionally inactivate the pfpmv gene. The resulting mutant parasites displayed a severe growth defect. Detailed phenotypic analysis showed that development of the mutant parasites was arrested at the ring-to-trophozoite transition in the erythrocytic cycle following gene excision, likely due to a defect in protein export. Our findings are the first to elucidate the effects of PMV gene disruption, showing that it is essential for parasite viability in asexual blood stages. The mutant parasites can now be used as a platform to further dissect the Plasmodium protein export pathway.
The Ciliopathy GeneFtm/Rpgrip1lControls Mouse Forebrain Patterning via Region-Specific Modulation of Hedgehog/Gli Signaling
Authors: Andreu-Cervera Abraham , Anselme Isabelle , Karam Alice , Catala Martin , Schneider-Maunoury Sylvie 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPrimary cilia are essential for central nervous system development. In the mouse, they play a critical role in patterning the spinal cord and telencephalon via the regulation of Hedgehog/Gli signaling. However, despite the frequent disruption of this signaling pathway in human forebrain malformations, the role of primary cilia in forebrain morphogenesis has been little investigated outside the telencephalon. Here we studied development of the diencephalon, hypothalamus and eyes in mutant mice in which theFtm/Rgprip1lciliopathy gene is disrupted. At the end of gestation,Ftm-/-fetuses displayed anophthalmia, a reduction of the ventral hypothalamus and a disorganization of diencephalic nuclei and axonal tracts. InFtm-/-embryos, we found that the ventral forebrain structures and the rostral thalamus were missing. Optic vesicles formed but lacked the optic cups. We analyzed the molecular causes of these defects. InFtm-/-embryos,Sonic hedgehog(Shh) expression was lost in the ventral forebrain but maintained in the zona limitans intrathalamica (ZLI), the mid-diencephalic organizer. In the diencephalon, Gli activity was dampened in regions adjacent to theShh-expressing ZLI but displayed a higher Hh-independent ground level in the other regions. Our data uncover a complex role of cilia in development of the diencephalon, hypothalamus and eyes via the region-specific control of the ratio of activator and repressor forms of the Gli transcription factors. They call for a closer examination of forebrain defects in severe ciliopathies and for a search for ciliopathy genes as modifiers in other human conditions with forebrain defects.
Extracting information from RNA SHAPE data: Kalman filtering approach
Authors: Vaziri Sana , Koehl Patrice , Aviran Sharon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRNA SHAPE experiments have become important and successful sources of information for RNA structure prediction. In such experiments, chemical reagents are used to probe RNA backbone flexibility at the nucleotide level, which in turn provides information on base pairing and therefore secondary structure. Little is known, however, about the statistics of such SHAPE data. In this work, we explore different representations of noise in SHAPE data and propose a statistically sound framework for extracting reliable reactivity information from multiple SHAPE replicates. Our analyses of RNA SHAPE experiments underscore that a normal noise model is not adequate to represent their data. We propose instead a log-normal representation of noise and discuss its relevance. Under this assumption, we observe that processing simulated SHAPE data by directly averaging different replicates leads to bias. Such bias can be reduced by analyzing the data following a log transformation, either by log-averaging or Kalman filtering. Application of Kalman filtering has the additional advantage that a prior on the nucleotide reactivities can be introduced. We show that the performance of Kalman filtering is then directly dependent on the quality of that prior. We conclude the paper with guidelines on signal processing of RNA SHAPE data.
Diet influences early microbiota development in dairy calves without long-term impacts on milk production
Authors: Dill-McFarland Kimberly A. , Weimer Paul J. , Breaker Jacob D. , Suen Garret 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal tract (GIT) microorganisms play important roles in the health of ruminant livestock and impact production of agriculturally relevant products, including milk and meat. Despite this link, interventions to alter the adult microbiota to improve production have proven ineffective as established microbial communities are resilient to change. In contrast, developing communities in young animals may be more easily altered but are less well-studied. Here, we measured the GIT-associated microbiota of 45 Holstein dairy cows from 2 weeks to first lactation using Illumina amplicon sequencing of bacterial (V4 16S), archaeal (V6-8 16S), and fungal (ITS1) communities. Fecal and rumen microbiota were correlated to growth and milk production of animals raised on calf starter grains and/or corn silage to determine if early-life diet has long-term impacts. Significant diet-associated differences in total microbial communities and specific taxa were observed by weaning (8 weeks), but all animals reached an adult-like composition between weaning and 1-year. While some calf diet-driven differences were apparent in the microbiota of adult cows, these dissimilarities did not correlate with animal growth or milk production. This suggests that initial microbial community establishment is impacted by early-life diet, but post-weaning factors have a greater influence on adult communities and production outcomes.SIGNIFICANCEThe gut microbiota is essential to the survival of many organisms, including ruminants that rely on microorganisms for nutrient acquisition from dietary inputs toward the production of products like milk and meat. While alteration of the adult ruminant microbiota to improve production is possible, changes are often unstable and fail to persist. In contrast, the early-life microbiota may be more amenable to sustained modification; however, few studies have determined the impacts of early-life interventions on downstream production. Here, we investigated the impacts of agriculturally relevant calf diets, including calf starter and corn silage, on gut microbial communities, animal growth, and production through the first lactation cycle. Thus, this work serves to further our understanding of early-life microbiota acquisition as well as informs future practices in livestock management.
VIRULIGN: fast codon-correct alignment and annotation of viral genomes
Authors: Libin Pieter , Deforche Koen , Abecasis Ana B. , Theys Kristof 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVirus sequence data are an essential resource for reconstructing spatiotemporal dynamics of viral spread as well as to inform treatment and prevention strategies. However, the potential benefit for these applications critically depends on accurate and correctly annotated alignments of genetically heterogeneous data. VIRULIGN was built for fast codoncorrect alignments of large datasets, with standardized genome annotation and various alignment export formats.VIRULIGN is freely available athttps://github.com/rega-cev/virulignas an open source software project.
Profiling grapevine trunk pathogensin planta: A case for community-targeted DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Morales-Cruz Abraham , Figueroa-Balderas Rosa , García Jadran F. , Tran Eric , Rolshausen Philippe E. , Baumgartner Kendra , Cantu Dario 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTDNA metabarcoding, commonly used in exploratory microbial ecology studies, is a promising method for the simultaneousin planta-detectionof multiple pathogens associated with disease complexes, such as the grapevine trunk diseases. Their detection is particularly challenging, due to the presence within an individual wood lesion of multiple co-infecting trunk pathogens and other wood-colonizing fungi, which span a broad range of taxa in the Fungal Kingdom. As such, we designed metabarcoding primers, using as template the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer of grapevine trunk-associated Ascomycete fungi (GTAA) and compared them to two universal primer widely used in microbial ecology. We first performed insilicosimulations and then tested the primers by high-throughput amplicon sequencing of (i) multiple combinations of mock communities, (ii) time-course experiments with controlled inoculations, and (iii) diseased field samples from vineyards under natural levels of infection. All analyses showed that GTAA had greater affinity and sensitivity, compared to those of the universal primers. Importantly, with GTAA, profiling of mock communities and comparisons with shotgun-sequencing metagenomics of field samples gave an accurate representation of genera of important trunk pathogens, namelyPhaeomoniella, Phaeoacremonium, andEutypa, the abundances of which were greatly over- or under-estimated with universal primers. Overall, our findings not only demonstrate that DNA metabarcoding gives qualitatively and quantitatively accurate results when applied to grapevine trunk diseases, but also that primer customization and testing are crucial to ensure the validity of DNA metabarcoding results.
Deletion of autism risk gene Shank3 disrupts prefrontal connectivity
Authors: Pagani Marco , Bertero Alice , Liska Adam , Galbusera Alberto , Sabbioni Mara , Scattoni Maria Luisa , Pasqualetti Massimo , Gozzi Alessandro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMutations in the synaptic scaffolding protein Shank3 are a major cause of autism, and are associated with prominent intellectual and language deficits. However, the neural mechanisms whereby SHANK3 deficiency affects higher order socio-communicative functions remain unclear. Using high-resolution functional and structural MRI in mice, here we show that loss ofShank3(Shank3B-/-) results in disrupted local and long-range prefrontal functional connectivity, as well as fronto-striatal decoupling. We document that prefrontal hypo-connectivity is associated with reduced short-range cortical projections density, and reduced gray matter volume. Finally, we show that prefrontal disconnectivity is predictive of social communication deficits, as assessed with ultrasound vocalization recordings. Collectively, our results reveal a critical role of SHANK3 in the development of prefrontal anatomy and function, and suggest that SHANK3 deficiency may predispose to intellectual disability and socio-communicative impairments via dysregulation of higher-order cortical connectivity.