bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Impacts of Manure on Phosphorus Loss in Surface Runoff and Subsurface Drainage
Authors: Wang Zhaozhi , Zhang T. Q. , Tan C. S. , Wang X. , Taylor R. A. J. , Qi Z. M. , Yang J. W. 
Published: December 2018

Simulation of phosphorus (P) transfer from manured agricultural lands to water bodies via surface runoff and subsurface drainage is potentially of great help in evaluating the risks and effects of eutrophication under a range of best management practice scenarios. However, it remains a challenge since few models are capable of providing a reasonably accurate prediction of P losses under manure treatment. The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model was applied to simulate the impacts on dissolved reactive P (DRP) losses through surface runoff and subsurface drainage from a solid cattle manure–amended corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation on a clay loam soil (Vertisol) located in the Lake Erie region. Simulations of DRP loss in surface runoff and tile drainage were satisfactory; however, EPIC did not consider DRP loss directly from manure, weakening its accuracy in the prediction of DRP loss in surface runoff. Having previously drawn on EPIC‐predicted surface runoff to initiate SurPhos (Surface Phosphorus and Runoff Model) predictions of DRP losses strictly in surface runoff, no comparison had been made of differences in manure application impacts on EPIC‐ or SurPhos‐predicted DRP losses—accordingly, this was assessed. The SurPhos improved the estimation of DRP loss in surface runoff (Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient, 0.53), especially when large rain events occurred immediately after or within 6 wk of manure application. Generally, EPIC can capture the impacts of manure application on DRP loss in surface runoff and subsurface drainage; however, coupling of the EPIC and SurPhos models increased the accuracy of simulation of runoff DRP losses.Core Ideas
Simulations of DRP loss in surface runoff and tile drainage using EPIC were satisfactory.
Simulations of DRP loss in surface runoff between EPIC and SurPhos were compared.
Coupling SurPhos and EPIC improved surface DRP loss prediction with manure addition.
Understanding Critical Zone Evolution through Predicting the Three‐Dimensional Soil Chemical Properties of a Small Forested Catchment
Authors: Shepard Christopher , Schaap Marcel G. , Chorover Jon , Rasmussen Craig 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Used step function to predict three‐dimensional (3D) soil property distributions.
3D soil property distribution influenced by lithology and topography.
Profile reconstructions and digital soil mapping informed critical zone evolution.
Understanding critical zone evolution and function requires an accurate assessment of the distributions of its soil physical and chemical properties. Two‐dimensional (2D) digital soil mapping (DSM) provides a general understanding of soil characteristics across landscapes, but lacks the ability to predict soil properties with depth. Soil depth functions enable the reconstruction of soil properties with depth, potentially extending traditional DSM techniques to three dimensions (3D). We predicted the three‐dimensional soil chemical and physical properties of a small forested subcatchment of the Catalina‐Jemez Critical Zone Observatory using a combination of profile depth functions and traditional DSM techniques. The step function was used to reconstruct selected soil chemical and physical properties with depth for 24 described soil profiles. We compensated for uneven sampling depths by standardizing the profiles from 0.0 to 1.0, and splitting them into five equal standardized depth layers. Using available environmental covariates, step‐wise regressions were used to predict soil properties across the catchment. R2 values for the predictive functions ranged from 0.20 to 0.97 (p = 0.21 to <0.0001). Calcium and magnesium preferentially accumulated in channel drainages compared to potassium or sodium; this pattern corresponded with accumulation of clay in channel drainages. Parent material and sediment redistribution, driven by colluvial movement and hydrological flowpaths, were the main controls on the 3D soil chemical properties of the catchment. Combining depth functions with traditional DSM will provide more accurate assessments of soil spatial patterns across landscapes and with depth.
Exploring the Distribution of Zn2+ in Inner and Outer Helmholtz Planes of the Electrical Double Layer of Soil based on Wien Effect
Authors: Wang Yu-Jun , Fan Ting-Ting , Cui Pei-Xin , Alves Marcelo Eduardo , Li Cheng-Bao , Zhou Dong-Mei , Friedman Shmulik P. , Sparks Donald L. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Wien effect measurements assess adsorbed cations distribution over the Helmholtz planes of the electrical double layer.
Assessing cation distributions in the electrical double layer improves bioavailability predictions for plant nutrients and pollutant metals.
Most of the zinc adsorption takes place in the inner Helmholtz plane layer and occurs via chemical interactions.
The classical electrical double layer (EDL) theory explains the interaction between ions and charged soil colloidal particles, playing an importance role in the bioavailability and toxicity of ions in soils, which are of agricultural and environmental concern. A new approach based on extrapolating measurements of suspension Wien effect is suggested to determine the adsorbed ions distribution in the different compartments of the EDL. The new approach was applied to assess Zn2+ distribution in the EDL of Zn‐saturated soil colloids. The results showed that more than 84% of Zn2+ was adsorbed via chemical interactions and located in the inner Helmholtz plane layer. The remaining Zn2+ fraction was electrically adsorbed and distributed in the outer Helmholtz plane layer (0.3 to 2.1%) and in the Gouy–Chapman diffuse layer (7.4 to 15.0%). Independently, the results of linear combination fitting of extended x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra indicated that the contents of outer‐sphere Zn in one paddy soil and the boggy soil were consistent with the proportions of Zn2+ electrostatically interacting with the soil colloids based on the extrapolation of the suspension Wien effect method, while the contents of outer‐sphere Zn in a second paddy soil, the yellow cinnamon soil, and the yellow brown soil was overestimated by the EXAFS method. The approach proposed in this paper to assess specific and electrostatic adsorption deepens our understanding of metal sorption processes in soils and reinforces the adequacy of the Grahame–Stern–Gouy–Chapman model of the EDL to describe the ion distribution in the solid‐water interface.
Effect of photochemical advanced oxidation processes on the formation potential of emerging disinfection by-products in groundwater from part of the Pannonian Basin
Authors: Jazić Jelena Molnar , Agbaba Jasmina , Tubić Aleksandra , Watson Malcolm , Đurkić Tajana , Krčmar Dejan , Dalmacija Božo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This study evaluates the effect of photochemical advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (O3/UV, H2O2/UV and O3/H2O2/UV) on the formation potential (FP) of emerging disinfection by-products including nitrogenous by-products (N-DBPs) and haloketones (HKs) in groundwater from part of the Pannonian Basin (AP Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia). Among the N-DBPs, the haloacetonitrile (HAN) precursor contents were 9.83 ± 0.59 μg/L while precursors of halonitromethanes, particularly trichloronitromethane (TCNM) were not detected. Similarly, precursors of HKs as carbonaceous DBPs were also not detected in raw water. Ozonation alone and the H2O2/UV process with a lower UV dose maximally decomposed HAN precursors (about 70%) while during O3-based AOPs, HANFP varied significantly. Application of UV photolysis and H2O2/UV processes with increasing UV dose doubled the HANFP. Ozone alone, O3/UV and H2O2/UV slightly increased HK formation potential, particularly 1,1-dichloro-2-propanone FP (0.93 ± 0.21 to 2.01 ± 0.37 μg/L). None of the investigated treatments influenced the formation of TCNM precursors. The effect of the applied treatments on bromide incorporation was most evident for HANs.
Development and Characterization of Olanzapine Loaded Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Microspheres for Depot Injection: In vitro and In vivo Release Profiles
Authors: Pervaiz Fahad , Ahmad Mahmood , Li Lihong , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to develop a new PLGA based microsphere formulation aimed to release the olanzapine for the period of one month which will result in increased compliance.

Methods:
Microspheres loaded with olanzapine were prepared using oil in water emulsion and solvent evaporation technique. The microspheres were characterized by surface morphology, shape, size, bulk density, encapsulation efficiency, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. In vitro release studies were performed in phosphate buffer at 37°C and in vivo studies were conducted on male Sprague- Dawley rats.

Results:
The morphological results indicated that microspheres produced were having a smooth surface, spherical shape and the size in the range from 9.71 to 19.90 μm mean diameter. Encapsulation efficiency of olanzapine loaded microspheres was in the range of 78.53 to 96.12% and was affected by changing the ratio of lactic to glycolic acid in copolymer PLGA. The properties of PLGA and other formulation parameters had a significant impact on in vitro and in vivo release of drug from microspheres. In vitro release kinetics revealed that release of drug from microspheres is by both non-Fickian diffusion and erosion of PLGA polymer. In vivo data indicated an initial burst release and then sustained release depending on properties of PLGA, microsphere size, and bulk density.

Conclusion:
This study indicates that microsphere formulations developed with PLGA (75:25) and PLGA (85:15) have provided a sufficient steady release of drug for at least 30 days and can be potential candidates for 30-day depot injection drug delivery of olanzapine.
Probucol Self-Emulsified Drug Delivery System: Stability Testing and Bioavailability Assessment in Human Volunteers
Authors: Zaghloul Abdelazim , Lila Ahmed , Abd-Allah Fathy , Nada Aly 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS), if taken orally, is expected to self-emulsify in GIT and improve the absorption and bioavailability. Probucol (PB) is a highly lipophilic compound with very low and variable bioavailability.

Objective:
The objectives of this study were to examine the stability and conduct bioavailability of the prepared Probucol Self-Emulsified Drug Delivery System (PBSEDDS) in human volunteers.

Methods:
The methods included preparation of different PBSEDDS using soybean oil (solvent), Labrafil M1944CS (surfactant) and Capmul MCM-C8 (co-surfactant). The formulations were characterized in vitro for spontaneity of emulsification, droplet size, turbidity and dissolution in water after packing in HPMC capsules. The optimized formulations were evaluated for stability at different storage temperatures and human bioavailability compared with the drug dissolved in soybean oil (reference).

Results:
The results showed that formulations (F1-F4) were stable if stored at 20 °C. The mean (n=3) pharmacokinetic parameters for stable formulations were: The Cmax, 1070.76, 883.16, 2876.43, 3513.46 and 1047.37 ng/ml; the Tmax, 7.93, 7.33, 3.96, 3.67 and 4.67 hr.; the AUC (0-t), 41043.41, 37763.23, 75006.26, 46731.36 and 26966.43 ng.hr/ml for F1, F2, F3, F4 and reference, respectively. The percentage relative bioavailability was in this order: F3> F4> F1> F2>.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the PBSEDDS formulations were stable at room temperature. F4 showed the highest Cmax and the shortest Tmax. All the formulations showed significant enhancement of bioavailability compared with the reference. The results illustrated the potential use of SEDDS for the delivery of probucol hydrophobic compound.
Bibliometrics of CNS & Neurological Disorders – Drug Targets: An International Evolution Along Time
Authors: Medeiros Mirna Rossi Barbosa , de Mello Alves Rodrigues Ana Carolina , Alves Mariana Rocha , Silva Roberto Cesar Faria e , Felício Lais Francielle Francisca , Carneiro Lara S.F. , Fagundes Daniel Ferreira , Machado Sérgio , Monteiro-Junior Renato Sobral 
Published: December 2018

Objective and Method:
To investigate trends in the scientific evolution of the journal CNS
& Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets in the neuroscience scope, we compared the contribution of
publications between this journal and others from different geographical regions of the world. To track
research output we conducted a bibliometric analysis of neuroscience research based on the SCimago
Journal and Country Rank® from 2003 to 2017. Journal rankings were verified according to the following
inclusion criteria: journals publishing the neuroscience scope and sub-areas; geographical location
and journal trajectory. Additionally, the total number of original, peer-reviewed and conference
articles was analyzed using bibliometric tools.

Results:
Results showed that Europe, North America and the Middle East have been the greatest contributors
of neuroscience publications. Nevertheless, there is a huge discrepancy in the number of
journals per region. Until 2017, Europe was on top with 85 journals in the neuroscience field. Moreover,
research on neuroscience displayed a swift expanding trend, with significant growth in recent
years.

Conclusion::
In spite of CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets being a recent journal, it is an
international journal emphasizing quality and innovations, and it is a hallmark on the scientific production
in neuroscience. Research articles on the scope of the potential role of endocannabinoid systems
in central appetite control and in obesity management and the potential of minocycline use in
schizophrenia are paramount examples of innovation. Final results will help scientific researchers to
know the current interests in neuroscience and provide useful information for further investigation and
publication strategies.
An Accurate Drain Current Model for Symmetric Dual Gate Tunnel FET Using Effective Tunneling Length
Authors: Sahoo Sasmita , Dash Sidhartha , Mishra Guru P. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Here we propose an accurate drain current model for a Symmetric Dual
Gate Tunnel FET (SDG-TFET) using effective tunneling length and generation rate of carrier over
tunneling junction area.

Analytical Modeling:
The surface potential of the model is obtained by solving 2-dimensional
Poisson’s equation and further extends to determine the magnitude of initial tunneling length and
final tunneling length. The different DC performance indicators like drain current (ID), threshold
voltage (Vth), transconductance (gm) and Subthreshold Slope (SS) for the present model are extensively
investigated and the results are compared with that of Single Gate Tunnel FET (SGTFET).

Conclusion:
The practical importance of this model relies on its accuracy and improved electrostatic
performance over SG-TFET. The analytical model results are validated using TCAD Sentaurus
(Synopsys) device simulator.
Hubungan Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi Dalam Rahim (AKDR) Non Hormonal dengan Kejadian Vaginitis
Authors: Sari Eka Mega , Prawitasari Shinta , Attamimi Ahsanudin 
Published: December 2018

Background: Colonies of microorganism in reproductive normal women vaginal is influenced by several factors. Changes in the composition of these factors cause of some problems such as infection and inflammation. The use of intrauterine devices could be expected to lead to vaginitis.Objective: To determine whether the use of intrauterine device increase the incidence of vaginitis, either by Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC), and Trichomonas Vaginalis (TV) .Method: Cross Sectional Study on the differences incidence of vaginitis in intrauterine device user and hormonal user.Result and Discussion: At the intrauterine devices and hormonal contraception users, there are significant difference incidence of BV (OR 10,11;95% CI 1,80-56,78) ; p=0,009 (p<0,05) dan VVC (OR 29,78 (1,64-2540,69); p=0,022 (p<0,05), but not TV (OR 3,68;95% CI 0,11-117,63); p=0,460 (p>0,05).Conclusions: The use of an intrauterine device increase the incidence BV and VVC but not TV.Keywords: Intrauterine Device; Hormonal Contraception; Vaginitis
Hacia la gestión y saneamiento financiero y fiscal de los municipios del departamento de Antioquia
Authors: Urrego Estrada Gleidy Alexandra , Gutiérrez Ossa Jahir Alexander 
Published: December 2018

A partir de la Constitución Política de 1991, la administración de los recursos financieros en Colombia es objetivo central de la descentralización fiscal, en tanto, la planificación y ejecución financiera está enfocada en la eficiencia, eficacia y resultado, a fin de consolidar capacidades gerenciales a escala departamental y municipal de sostenibilidad fiscal. El presente escrito tiene como objetivo aproximarse al análisis cualitativo de la capacidad de recaudo (ingresos), condiciones de fiscalidad (Impuestos) y la consolidación de una estructura financiera (saneamiento), que permita mantener la relación de equilibrio entre la deuda, los gastos y el presupuesto de los municipios del departamento de Antioquia. La estrategia metodológica es de tipo cualitativa, con un método el deductivo, a partir de dos fases: i) revisión bibliográfica de fuentes normativas como Ley 1551 de 2012 (Condición Económica) en conjunto con la Ley 1454 (Ordenamiento) de 2011 y ii) análisis de contenido de las mismas. Como conclusiones principales: el bagaje constitucional del 91 no fue claro en materia de generación de impuestos territoriales. Se está en mora de comprender la eficacia territorial de la legislación fiscal y financiera, requerida, para que pueda establecerse una estructura eficiente de desempeño financiero y fiscal que permite cumplir cometido constitucional expreso en el artículo 311.
Agregados pétreos en Colombia: ¿una industria que crea valor?
Authors: Rivera Godoy Jorge Alberto , Pajajoy Hernández Mario Fernando 
Published: December 2018

Este artículo tiene como propósito conocer el desempeño financiero de la industria de agregados pétreos para la construcción en Colombia en el período 2010-2015, mediante un estudio que sigue como metodología el análisis de los indicadores contables y valor económico agregado que dan cuenta de su crecimiento, eficiencia, eficacia y efectividad.
Se encuentra que esta industria crece y genera rentabilidades contables en cada uno de los años, y el comportamiento variante de su efectividad depende principalmente de la eficacia en el control de costos y gastos; no obstante, solo en dos años se crea valor económico agregado (EVA), y su valor de mercado agregado (VMA) es negativo.
Esta industria es destructora de valor porque la rentabilidad del activo neto operacional es inferior al costo de capital en cuatro años de los seis años evaluados. El EVA presenta altibajos y sigue la tendencia de la rentabilidad.
Los resultados encontrados podrían fortalecerse si se pudieran hacer estudios similares para grupos de empresas más homogéneos en cuanto a la edad, tamaño y ubicación geográfica.
Концепция виброзащиты зданий и сооружений в поле строительных нормативов РФ
Authors: Dashevsky Mikhail A. , Mondrus Vladimir L. , Motorin Vladimir V. 
Published: December 2018

В первой части рассмотрена методика измерений уровня вибрации при прохождении рельсового транспорта. Особен­ностью рассматриваемого воздействия является его кратко­временность и регулярная повторяемость в течение суток (10 с при проходе состава метрополитена через створ измерений с повтором через каждые 1,5-3 минуты в течение 21 часа в сутки). Прогнозируемый уровень вибрации и зависящий от неё уровень структурного шума определяется измерениями при обследовании участка строительства зданий или, при отсутствии на момент строительства линий рельсового транс­порта, - расчётом или измерениями на существующих анало­гах. При сравнении результатов прогноза с допустимыми по СН 2.2.4/2.1.8.566-96 «Производственная вибрация, вибрация в помещениях жилых и общественных зданий. Санитарные нормы» (далее - СН РФ). уровнями вибрации и структурного шума в каждом конкретном случае решается вопрос: нужна виброзащита зданий или нет. Выбор метода оценки резуль­татов измерений из трёх, рекомендуемых в СН РФ, является решающим при ответе на этот вопрос. Показано, что допусти­мым является только использование спектрального метода. Остальные два метода, основанные на получении среднего за период измерений (около 30 мин) уровня, дают занижен­ные результаты типа «средней температуры по больнице», что противоречит принципу недопущения «значительного беспокойства», положенного в основу санитарных норм. Во второй части рассмотрен реализованный метод виброзащиты зданий с использованием резинометаллических многослой­ных заменяемых виброизоляторов, располагаемых в проёмах, устроенных в виброшве между защищаемой и не защищаемой частями здания. Метод позволяет осуществлять застройку зданиями любой этажности независимо от наличия трасс рельсового транспорта и времени года и обеспечивает выпол­нение требований санитарных норм РФ и СНиП по прочности, надёжности и долговечности зданий, виброизолтрованных этим методом. В третьей части показано, что применение в виброизоляторах резины не противоречит требованиям ФЗ- 384 «О безопасности зданий и сооружений», поскольку при выгорании нескольких или всех виброизоляторов в проёмах здание оседает на величину зазора вибрационного шва (14­15 мм) и опирается на металл на участках между проёмами.
Выводы по статье: 1) обоснование спектрального метода *измерений позволяет реально оценить необходимость при­менения виброзащиты в соответствии с требованиями СН РФ; 2) апрбированная на практике система виброизоляции зданий с помощью резинометаллических виброизоляторов обеспечивает выполнение всех требований СН РФ и СНиП по прочности, надёжности и долговечности; 3) конструктивное решение виброзащиты обеспечивает безусловное выполне­ние требований ФЗ-378 по пожарной безопасности вибро­изолированного здания при выгорании виброизоляторов.
Два пешеходных моста через Москву-реку. До и после
Authors: Dianova-Klokova Inna V. , Metaniev Dmitriy A. 
Published: December 2018

В статье приведены материалы по созданию двух крытых пешеходных мостов через реку Москву и освоению их при­брежных территорий; приводятся сведения об их иннова­ционном перемещении на новые створы. Оба моста были построены в 1905-1907годах в составе Московской кольцевой железной дороги; пешеход-ные мосты созданы на их основе. Как и прототипы, они заняли симметричное положение от­носительно оси «Кремль - Воробьёвы Горы» и излучины реки.
Показаны различные подходы к реновации исторических объектов, освещаются некоторые концептуальные положения по проблемам соотношения старого и нового. Для Андреев­ского моста со старого створа были перемещены металличе­ское пролётное строение и исторический гранит береговых устоев. В архитектурное решение моста у Киевского вокзала включён только один исторический стальной арочный про­лёт, ставший основой композиции и уникальным экспонатом в интерьере нового крытого общественного пространства.
Рассматриваются вопросы взаимодействия создаваемых объектов, окружающих ситуаций и формирования прилегаю­щих территорий. Новая крупная городская эспланада между Ленинским и Комсомольским проспектами в створе Андреев­ского моста связала районы Якиманки и Хамовников, а новая пониженная пешеходная набережная с причалом - ротонду архитектора М. Казакова и низкую набережную архитекора А. Власова. Другой мост связал районы Плющихи и Доро­гомилова; благоустроена площадь перед вокзалом, создан ансамбль фонтана «Похищение Европы».
Новые мосты стали основой формирования городского пешеходного маршрута «Нескучный сад - Москва-Сити».
За проектирование и архитектуру новых пешеходных мо­стов авторские коллективы удостоены премий Москвы и «Хру­стальный Дедал». Статью иллюстрируют авторские рисунки.