bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy, Nitrogen, and Farm Surplus Transitions in Agriculture from Historical Data Modeling. France, 1882–2013.
Authors: Harchaoui Souhil , Chatzimpiros Petros 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis article addresses agricultural metabolism and transitions for energy, nitrogen, farm production, self‐sufficiency, and surplus from historical data since the nineteenth century. It builds on an empirical data set on agricultural production and production means in France covering 130 consecutive years (1882–2013). Agricultural transitions have increased the net production and surplus of farms by a factor of 4 and have zeroed self‐sufficiency. The energy consumption remained quasi‐stable since 1882, but the energy and nitrogen structure of agriculture fully changed. With an EROI (energy return to energy invested) of 2 until 1950, preindustrial agriculture consumed as much energy to function as it provided in exportable surplus to sustain the nonagricultural population. The EROI doubled to 4 over the last 60 years, driven, on the one hand, by efficiency improvements in traction through the replacement of draft animals by motors and, on the other hand, by the joint increase in crop yields and efficiency in nitrogen use. Agricultural energy and nitrogen transitions shifted France from a self‐sufficiency agri‐food‐energy regime to a fossil‐dependent food export regime. Knowledge of resource conversion mechanisms over the long duration highlights the effects of changing agricultural metabolism on the system's feeding capacity. Farm self‐sufficiency is an asset against fossil fuel constraints, price volatility, and greenhouse gas emissions, but it equates to lower farm surplus in support of urbanization.
Reactive oxygen species signaling and stomatal movement in plant responses to drought stress and pathogen attack
Authors: Qi Junsheng , Song Chun‐Peng , Wang Baoshan , Zhou Jianmin , Kangasjärvi Jaakko , Zhu Jian‐Kang , Gong Zhizhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStomata, the pores formed by a pair of guard cells, are the main gateways for water transpiration and photosynthetic CO2 exchange, as well as pathogen invasion in land plants. Guard cell movement is regulated by a combination of environmental factors, including water status, light, CO2 levels and pathogen attack, as well as endogenous signals, such as abscisic acid and apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under abiotic and biotic stress conditions, extracellular ROS are mainly produced by plasma membrane‐localized NADPH oxidases, whereas intracellular ROS are produced in multiple organelles. These ROS form a sophisticated cellular signaling network, with the accumulation of apoplastic ROS an early hallmark of stomatal movement. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the ROS signaling network, primarily during drought stress and pathogen attack. We summarize the roles of apoplastic ROS in regulating stomatal movement, ABA and CO2 signaling, and immunity responses. Finally, we discuss ROS accumulation and communication between organelles and cells. This information provides a conceptual framework for understanding how ROS signaling is integrated with various signaling pathways during plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress stimuli.
(En)Gendering Equality? Conditional Cash Transfers as National Development in Post‐Neoliberal Ecuador
Authors: Falconer Chantelle Alena 
Published: April 2018

ResumenEn el Ecuador postneoliberal, el Bono de Desarrollo Humano (BDH) es una transferencia monetaria condicionada que promueve el proyecto gubernamental buen vivir que promete extender la inclusión socioeconómica a algunos de los ciudadanos más pobres. En este artículo enfoco en las prácticas de subsistencia que se cruzan con las suposiciones acerca de los hogares y la maternidad que subyacen el BHD. Basado en 15 meses de investigación etnográfica, aquí exploro los casos de tres mujeres que se encuentran no aptas para BDH debido a los modos informales y frecuentemente precarios en que se las ingenian para proveer para sus familias. Concluyo con el argumento de que el mismo proceso mediante el cual las mujeres se la ingenian para proveer las excluye del programa de transferencia monetaria y al mismo tiempo las excluye de las promesas del de igualdad y redistribución del gobierno. [buen vivir, post‐neoliberal, reducción de la pobreza, desarrollo, bono de desarrollo humano, madres, género, Ecuador, Intag]
Networks in Production: Asset Pricing Implications
Authors: HERSKOVIC BERNARD 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I examine asset pricing in a multisector model with sectors connected through an input‐output network. Changes in the network are sources of systematic risk reflected in equilibrium asset prices. Two characteristics of the network matter for asset prices: network concentration and network sparsity. These two production‐based asset pricing factors are determined by the structure of the network and are computed from input‐output data. Consistent with the model predictions, I find return spreads of 4.6% and −3.2% per year on sparsity and concentration beta‐sorted portfolios, respectively.
Try Tri again? Resolving species boundaries in theLomatium triternatum(Apiaceae) complex
Authors: Smith James F. , Mansfield Donald H. , Stevens McKayla , Sosa Edgar , Feist Mary Ann E. , Downie Stephen R. , Plunkett Gregory M. , Darrach Mark 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSpecies boundaries have traditionally been delimited by applying phenotypic characters to a morphological species concept. With an increased understanding of the complexities of speciation as a process, species concepts have proliferated while at the same time, the ability to gather greater numbers and types of molecular characters has expanded the means by which species can be delimited. Phylogenetic studies of molecular data provide an opportunity to identify reciprocally monophyletic groupsand have led to the identification of cryptic or nearly cryptic species in which subtle differences in phenotypes or ecological niches can be uncovered only after monophyletic groups have been identified. Here, we investigate evolutionary relationships among a group of species in theLomatium triternatumcomplex using molecular phylogenetic analyses for all samples, and ecological parameters for two of the 38 species included in this study. The results indicate that there are more reciprocally monophyletic groups in this complex than had been estimated using phenotypic data alone. The ecological data show a clear differentiation for the one pair of sister species where ecological sampling was available, implying that divergence within this group may have resulted from environmental selection for soil preferences that have been strong enough to result in speciation.
Forum introduction
Authors: Wight Colin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis piece is an abstract to a commentary section on Alexander Wendt's (2015) book, Quantum mind and social science : unifying physical and social ontology. In this book, Wendt, one of the core theorists of constructivism in international relations, undertakes a bold new initiative in grand theorizing. The commentators, followed by Wendt's own response to them, analyze this new direction from a number of angles.
Diagnostic utility of cardiac troponin I in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hori Yasutomo , Iguchi Masayuki , Heishima Yasuhiro , Yamashita Yohei , Nakamura Kensuke , Hirakawa Atsushi , Kitade Akihito , Ibaragi Toshiki , Katagi Michio , Sawada Tamotsu , Yuki Masashi , Kanno Nobuyuki , Inaba Haruki , Isayama Noriko , Onodera Hideyuki , Iwasa Naoki , Kino Mikio , Narukawa Mikihiro , Uchida Syuhei 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundCardiac troponin I (cTnI) is useful for assessing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats.ObjectiveTo measure plasma cTnI concentrations in healthy cats and evaluate the clinical utility of cTnI in determining the severity of HCM.AnimalsClinically healthy cats (n = 88) and cats with HCM (n = 93).MethodsMulticenter prospective study. Cats with HCM, including hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy at various stages, were diagnosed using echocardiography. Plasma cTnI concentrations were analyzed by a commercial laboratory. Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the accuracy of plasma cTnI concentrations to detect HCM.ResultsThe median cTnI concentration was 0.027 ng/mL (interquartile range, 0.012‐0.048 ng/mL) in healthy cats. Concentrations were significantly higher in diseased cats than in healthy controls, and concentrations were significantly higher in cats with heart failure than in asymptomatic cats. A plasma cTnI concentration of 0.163 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 62.0% and specificity of 100% when used to distinguish normal cats from asymptomatic HCM cats without left atrial dilatation. A cutoff of 0.234 ng/mL had high sensitivity (95.0%) and specificity (77.8%) for assessing heart failure. The areas under the receiver‐operating characteristic curves were 0.85 and 0.93, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIncreased cTnI concentrations reflect the severity of HCM. If other causes of cardiac injury are ruled out, plasma cTnI concentration may be useful for predicting the severity of HCM in cats.
Production Methods and Resource Use at Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon Farms in India Compared with Previous Findings from Thailand and Vietnam
Authors: Boyd Claude E. , McNevin Aaron A. , Davis Robert P. , Godumala Ravibabu , Mohan Avanigadda B. Ch. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractShrimp farms in India had average yields (pond surface basis) of 7.86 ± 1.04 (SE) m.t./ha/yr for Litopenaeus vannamei (n = 89) and 3.88 m.t./ha/yr for Penaeus monodon (n = 11). Average feed conversion ratio was 1.48 ± 0.04 for L. vannamei and 1.24 ± 0.12 for P. monodon. Land use for production ponds, supporting area, and feed ingredients averaged 0.634 ± 0.053 ha/m.t. for L. vannamei and 0.716 ± 0.087 ha/m.t. for P. monodon. Saline water volume used at farms without water exchange was 18,522 ± 4065 m3/m.t. for L. vannamei and 9528 m3/m.t. for P. monodon. Farms exchanging water used 149,188 m3/m.t. for L. vannamei and 191,500 m3/m.t. for P. monodon. Freshwater embodied in feed was 1678 ± 508 m3/m.t. for L. vannamei and 1401 ± 137 m3/m.t. for P. monodon. Average energy use for farm construction and repair, farm operations, and embodied in feed and liming materials was 82.14 ± 9.08 GJ/m.t. for L. vannamei and 59.03 ± 24.92 GJ/m.t. for P. monodon. Wildfish used to make fishmeal included in feed was 1209 kg/m.t. for L. vannamei and 1611 kg/m.t. for P. monodon. Farm infrastructure, pond management methods, yields, and resource use in India were similar to those previously reported for shrimp farms in Thailand and Vietnam.
Effect of Two Novel Experimental Microdiet Types on Growth, Survival, and Pigmentation during the Weaning Period of the Fine Flounder, Paralichthys adspersus, Larvae
Authors: Orihuela Lucas , Montes Melissa , Linares Joel , Castro Angélica , Carrera Lili , Lazo Juan P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate two new types of experimental weaning microdiets for fish larvae, using the same formulation, but with different manufacturing processes, microextrusion marumerization (MEM) and particle‐assisted rotational agglomeration (PARA). Both microdiets were compared to a commercial microdiet, Otohime™ (OTO), during the weaning of the fine flounder, Paralichthys adspersus. Weaning was achieved by cofeeding with live food from 40 to 50 d after hatch (d.a.h.). Thereafter, only the microdiets were fed to the end of the study (60 d.a.h.), where the total length, dry weight, and survival rates were 15.9 ± 3.20, 14.3 ± 1.72, and 14.4 ± 2.28 mm; 8.83 ± 3.40, 5.53 ± 2.85, and 7.10 ± 3.56 mg; 18.1, 16.3, and 15.2%, for OTO, MEM, and PARA, respectively. The dry weight and total length were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for larvae fed OTO compared with those fed MEM. There were no differences between the other comparisons. Based on these results, any of the two experimental microdiets can be used for future investigations. However, we recommend the PARA microdiets because the manufacturing process produces less‐dense and smaller particle size diets, reducing sinking rates and increasing the probability of the larvae in detecting and ingesting the diet.
Studies in English protestant dissent and literature after 1662
Authors: Pritchard Penny 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe recognition of a defining literary culture aligned with Protestant dissent after 1662 acknowledges not only the significance of religious identity in writers whose primary experience is (after 17 August 1662) varying degrees of civil and religious persecution but also how that experience is articulated through the literary sensibilities of well‐educated scholars of Biblical narrative and rhetoric. At the forefront of this canon are figures primarily associated with England's recent revolutionary past—such as Milton, Bunyan, Baxter, and Fox—many of whom remained active after 1660—as well as later authors who, like Defoe, were themselves often trained for the ministry, and who engaged firsthand with the emerging prominence of new forms of fiction, such as the novel, which in turn developed in the wake of popular didactic writing including spiritual biographies and conduct works.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with decreased lung function
Authors: Lee Chang‐Hoon , Choi Seung Ho , Chung Goh Eun , Park Boram , Kwak Min‐Sun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsThe association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and lung function has not been fully examined. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and lung function in general population by performing cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis.MethodsParticipants without hepatic and respiratory disease who underwent regular health exams including hepatic sonography and spirometry with at least 3 years' follow‐up were included. In cross‐sectional analysis, the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and lung function at baseline was examined with multiple regression models. The longitudinal analysis was performed by mixed linear regression models with propensity score matching.ResultsOf 11 892 eligible participants (mean age, 47.7 years; male, 47.2%), 3815(32.1%) had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on sonography. In cross‐sectional analysis, the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group had lower adjusted forced expiratory volume in 1‐second (men, 3.52 vs 3.44 L, P < .001; women, 2.62 vs 2.45 L, P < .001) and forced vital capacity (men, 4.33 vs 4.24 L, P < .001; women, 3.11 vs 2.97 L, P < .001) than the control group. In longitudinal analysis, during the mean follow‐up period of 6.6 years, there were no significant differences in forced expiratory volume in 1‐second or forced vital capacity decline rates between two groups in the propensity score‐matched cohorts (n = 4558). However, those with high nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score and fibrosis‐4 (men, −21.7 vs −27.4 mL/y, P = .001; women, −22.4 vs −27.9 mL/y, P = .016) showed significantly faster decline in forced vital capacity compared to those with low scores.ConclusionsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease was associated with decreased lung function at baseline but was not associated with accelerated lung function decline in the propensity score‐matched cohort. However, hepatic fibrosis was significantly associated with rapid forced vital capacity decline.
Peer counselling improves breastfeeding practices: A cluster randomized controlled trial in urban Bangladesh
Authors: Ara Gulshan , Khanam Mansura , Papri Nowshin , Nahar Baitun , Haque Md Ahshanul , Kabir Iqbal , Dibley Michael J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of peer counselling on early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates for mother–infant pairs living in urban slums, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This randomized controlled trial enrolled 350 mother–infant pairs from selected slums between September 2014 and July 2016. The women assigned to intervention group received peer counselling from locally recruited, trained community female volunteers starting in third trimester of pregnancy until 6 months after delivery; control group received no intervention. EIBF, any liquids given after birth, and EBF were compared between groups. Follow‐up was scheduled at enrolment, following childbirth, and every 2 months up to 6 months after delivery. Multiple logistic regressions were used to assess the effect peer counselling and other associated factors on EIBF and EBF practices. EIBF rate was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (89.1% vs. 77.4%, p = .005). More mothers in intervention group were exclusively breastfeeding at 5 months than mothers in the control group (73% vs. 27%, p < .005). Control mothers were twice as likely to not practice EIBF compared with intervention mothers (adjusted odds risk [aOR]: 2.53, CI [1.29, 4.97], p = .007). Overall, caesarean section was associated with an 8.9‐fold higher risk of not achieving EIBF (aOR: 8.90, CI [4.05, 19.55], p < .001). Intervention mothers were 5.10‐fold more likely to practice EBF compared with control mothers (aOR: 5.10, CI [2.89, 9.01], p < .001) at 5 months. This study demonstrates peer counselling can positively influence both EIBF and EBF among mothers living in urban area.
Integrating a Human Behavior Model within an Agent‐Based Approach for Blasting Evacuation
Authors: Cimellaro Gian Paolo , Mahin Stephen , Domaneschi Marco 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSeveral studies on Emergency Management are available in the literature, but most of them do not consider how the human behavior during an emergency can affect the evacuation process. Therefore, the novel contribution of this article is the implementation of an agent‐based model to describe the evacuation, due to a blast in a public area, integrated with a human behavior analytical model. Each agent has its own behavior that is described in a layered framework. The first layer simulates the “agent's features” function. Then, an “individual module” describes dynamically the emotional aspects using (i) the Decision Field Theory, (ii) a stationary stochastic model, and (iii) the results coming from a questionnaire. An agent‐based model with integrated human behavior is proposed to test critical infrastructures in emergency conditions without performing full scale evacuation tests. Analyses could be performed both in real time with a hazard scenario and at the design level to predict the system response to identify the optimal configuration. Therefore, the development of the proposed methodology could support both designers and policy makers in the decision‐making process.
The population genetic test Tajima's D identifies genes encoding pathogen‐associated molecular patterns and other virulence‐related genes in Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Eckshtain‐Levi Noam , Weisberg Alexandra J. , Vinatzer Boris A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe detection of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is an essential part of plant immunity. Until recently, elf18, an epitope of elongation factor‐Tu (EF‐Tu), was the sole confirmed PAMP of Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease, limiting our understanding of R. solanacearum–plant interactions. Therefore, we set out to identify additional R. solanacearum PAMPs based on the hypothesis that genes encoding PAMPs are under selection to avoid recognition by plant PRRs. We calculated Tajima's D, a population genetic test statistic which identifies genes that do not evolve neutrally, for 3003 genes conserved in 37 R. solanacearum genomes. The screen flagged 49 non‐neutrally evolving genes, including not only EF‐Tu but also the gene for Cold Shock Protein C, which encodes the PAMP csp22. Importantly, an R. solanacearum allele of this PAMP was recently identified in a parallel independent study. Genes coding for efflux pumps, some with known roles in virulence, were also flagged by Tajima's D. We conclude that Tajima's D is a straightforward test to identify genes encoding PAMPs and other virulence‐related genes in plant pathogen genomes.
Oxylipins from both pathogen and host antagonize jasmonic acid‐mediated defence via the 9‐lipoxygenase pathway in Fusarium verticillioides infection of maize
Authors: Battilani Paola , Lanubile Alessandra , Scala Valeria , Reverberi Massimo , Gregori Rossella , Falavigna Claudia , Dall'asta Chiara , Park Yong‐Soon , Bennett John , Borrego Eli J. , Kolomiets Michael V. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryOxylipins are a newly emerging group of signals that serve defence roles or promote virulence. To identify specific host and fungal genes and oxylipins governing the interactions between maize and Fusarium verticillioides, maize wild‐type and lipoxygenase3 (lox3) mutant were inoculated with either F. verticillioides wild‐type or linoleate‐diol‐synthase 1‐deleted mutant (ΔFvlds1D). The results showed that lox3 mutants were more resistant to F. verticillioides. The reduced colonization on lox3 was associated with reduced fumonisin production and with a stronger and earlier induction of ZmLOX4, ZmLOX5 and ZmLOX12. In addition to the reported defence function of ZmLOX12, we showed that lox4 and lox5 mutants were more susceptible to F. verticillioides and possessed decreased jasmonate levels during infection, suggesting that these genes are essential for jasmonic acid (JA)‐mediated defence. Oxylipin profiling revealed a dramatic reduction in fungal linoleate diol synthase 1 (LDS1)‐derived oxylipins, especially 8‐HpODE (8‐hydroperoxyoctadecenoic acid), in infected lox3 kernels, indicating the importance of this molecule in virulence. Collectively, we make the following conclusions: (1) LOX3 is a major susceptibility factor induced by fungal LDS1‐derived oxylipins to suppress JA‐stimulating 9‐LOXs; (2) LOX3‐mediated signalling promotes the biosynthesis of virulence‐promoting oxylipins in the fungus; and (3) both fungal LDS1‐ and host LOX3‐produced oxylipins are essential for the normal infection and colonization processes of maize seed by F. verticillioides.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Active disease and latent infection in a renal transplant cohort
Authors: Rafiei Nastaran , Williams Jackie , Mulley William R , Trauer James M , Jenkin Grant A , Rogers Benjamin A 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTAimOur aim was threefold: first, to determine the incidence of active TB in our cohort, second to investigate the risk factors for active TB and third, to understand current screening practices. The ultimate goal was to use our findings to inform development of local and national guidelines.MethodsThe records of all adult patients who underwent renal transplantation at our centre from 2005 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed to assess current screening practices, the risks for and burden of active TB.ResultsA total of 660 individuals underwent renal transplantation during this period, totalling 3647 person years of follow up. Two patients were diagnosed with active TB after renal transplant, resulting in an incidence of 55 per 100 000 person‐years. Of 656 transplant recipients, 102 (15.5%) were born in high TB incidence countries and 89 (13.5%) had an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) at any point. Individuals born in high TB risk countries had a much higher incidence of active TB (353 per 100 000 person‐years). Ten individuals had positive IGRA tests, of whom two were treated for active TB, two received chemoprophylaxis and six were not treated.ConclusionsIn the absence of formal guidelines, IGRA‐based screening for LTBI was infrequently performed. Our data suggest that screening and treatment of renal transplant recipients born in high incidence countries is an important preventive measure.