bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Factors Affecting Aging and Self‐Discharge of Lithium–Sulfur Cells. Effect of Positive Electrode Composition
Authors: Kuzmina Elena , Karaseva Elena , Ivanov Alexey , Kolosnitsyn Vladimir 
Published: April 2019

Fast self‐discharge (reversible capacity loss during storage) and aging (irreversible capacity loss during cycling and storage) are important and difficult problems in the development of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSB). Both problems are caused by the solubility of the active materials of the positive electrode in the electrolyte. Processes at the negative and positive electrodes result in self‐discharge and aging of LSB. Sulfur (S) and lithium polysulfides (Li2Sn), dissolved in the electrolyte, interact with the lithium metal electrode, causing the formation of insoluble lithium sulfide (Li2S). The main reasons for irreversible capacity loss are the accumulation of Li2S on the negative electrode and the binding of S and Li2S in the micropores of carbon materials, included in positive electrodes, during prolonged cycling and storage of LSB. Li2S does not accumulate on the lithium electrode during storage of LSB for 120 days. The equilibrium content of Li2S on the lithium electrode is 0.06 mg cm−2. The main reason for the irreversible capacity loss is the binding of sulfur in the pore spaces of the carbon particles. The interaction of sulfur and Li2Sn (n > 4) with metallic lithium, causing the formation of soluble Li2Sn (n ≤ 4), is the reason for a reversible capacity loss.
The evaluation of eco‐efficiency of the industrial coupling symbiosis network of the eco‐industrial park in oil and gas resource cities
Authors: Wang Yanqiu , Li Pengtai , Zhu Zhiwei , Liu Zhenbin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEco‐industrial parks (EIPs) is a complex system, composed of a variety of companies with embedded ties. Members in EIPs shape the “Eco‐Industrial Chain Network,” the industrial coupling symbiosis network (ICSN) system, in which businesses cooperate with each other and share the mutual benefits at the same time. In order to study the development levels of the ICSN system in EIPs, this paper uses the grey relational analysis (GRA) method to evaluate the eco‐efficiency of coupling and symbiosis network in EIPs in oil and gas resource‐based cities. The results show that the overall level of eco‐efficiency and the stability of ICSN could be reflected through the application of the economic, environmental, and the dematerialized cycle and network structure relational analysis. Furthermore, it confirms the feasibility and applicability of the evaluation model and the evaluation indicator system.
Techno‐economic analysis of multiservice EPON deployment
Authors: Radivojević Mirjana , Matavulj Petar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeployment of future‐proof access networks requires new infrastructure and new equipment and, on top of it, raises many questions regarding the costs and risks associated with the technology, telecommunications market, and legal regulations of these networks. This paper presents the techno‐economic analysis of single‐channel and multichannel Ethernet passive optical network implementation in different urban environments since urban areas are currently associated with the need for the delivery of more advanced value‐added services. In order to get realistic results, the techno‐economic study has been applied to different urban areas in the city of Belgrade, capital of Serbia. Cost/benefit analysis is performed in order to determine the most influential parameters and give general guidelines for the deployment of new‐generation optical access networks in different environments. Analysis also shows that the price for new services that a customer needs to pay is competitive in the market today.
Essential oil components and cytochrome P450 enzymes: a review
Authors: Zehetner Petra , Höferl Martina , Buchbauer Gerhard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhase‐I metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes represents a major route of elimination of many drugs that can compete for the same CYP enzyme. The bioactivity of essential oils (EOs) and their flavour and fragrance constituents have been known since ancient times, and like any other physiological process in the human body the activity of CYP enzymes can also be influenced (increased and/or decreased) by these natural compounds. This review discusses the effects of EO constituents on important drug‐metabolizing CYP enzymes. Exposure to EO constituents through commonly used products via cutaneous, oral, and inhalation routes is outlined, and the impact of some important EO constituents on CYP enzymes is described in more detail. In particular, the simultaneous application of EO constituents with drugs or the excessive use of EOs and their constituents can lead to unexpected adverse effects.
Glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells: Is it synaptic or non‐synaptic?
Authors: Kula Bartosz , Chen Ting‐Jiun , Kukley Maria 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTFast chemical synaptic transmission is a major form of neuronal communication in the nervous system of mammals. Another important, but very different, form of intercellular communication is volume transmission, which is a slower non‐synaptic signaling. The amino acid glutamate is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which mediates both synaptic and non‐synaptic signaling via ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Intriguingly, neurons establish glutamatergic synapses also with oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NG2+‐glia). Moreover, neuronal activity and glutamate receptors play an important role in the development and functionality of oligodendrocytes and their precursors in vivo. Yet, molecular characteristics and functional significance of neuron–glia synapses remain poorly understood, and it is unclear how glutamate receptors mediate the effects of neuronal activity on the oligodendrocyte lineage cells. In this review, we discuss what is known with regard to synaptic and non‐synaptic glutamatergic signaling between neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells, what can be suggested based on the current state of knowledge, and what is fully unknown and requires new research.
The costs of dementia in England
Authors: Wittenberg Raphael , Knapp Martin , Hu Bo , Comas‐Herrera Adelina , King Derek , Rehill Amritpal , Shi Cheng , Banerjee Sube , Patel Anita , Jagger Carol , Kingston Andrew 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThis study measures the average per person and annual total costs of dementia in England in 2015.Methods/DesignUp‐to‐date data for England were drawn from multiple sources to identify prevalence of dementia by severity, patterns of health and social care service utilisation and their unit costs, levels of unpaid care and its economic impacts, and other costs of dementia. These data were used in a refined macrosimulation model to estimate annual per‐person and aggregate costs of dementia.ResultsThere are around 690 000 people with dementia in England, of whom 565 000 receive unpaid care or community care or live in a care home. Total annual cost of dementia in England is estimated to be £24.2 billion in 2015, of which 42% (£10.1 billion) is attributable to unpaid care. Social care costs (£10.2 billion) are three times larger than health care costs (£3.8 billion). £6.2 billion of the total social care costs are met by users themselves and their families, with £4.0 billion (39.4%) funded by government. Total annual costs of mild, moderate, and severe dementia are £3.2 billion, £6.9 billion, and £14.1 billion, respectively. Average costs of mild, moderate, and severe dementia are £24 400, £27 450, and £46 050, respectively, per person per year.ConclusionsDementia has huge economic impacts on people living with the illness, their carers, and society as a whole. Better support for people with dementia and their carers, as well as fair and efficient financing of social care services, are essential to address the current and future challenges of dementia.
Solving the dual Russian option problem by using change‐of‐measure arguments
Authors: Gapeev Pavel V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe apply the change‐of‐measure arguments of Shepp and Shiryaev (Theory of Probability and its Applications, 1994, 39, 103–119) to study the dual Russian option pricing problem proposed by Shepp and Shiryaev (Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics: Lectures presented at the semester held in St. Peterburg, Russia, March 2 April 23, 1993, Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Gordon and Breach, 1996, pp. 209–218) as an optimal stopping problem for a one‐dimensional diffusion process with reflection. We recall the solution to the associated free‐boundary problem and give a solution to the resulting one‐dimensional optimal stopping problem by using the martingale approach of Beibel and Lerche (Statistica Sinica, 1997, 7, 93–108) and (Theory of Probability and its Applications, 2000, 45, 657–669).
Experimental and numerical study of forced convection heat transfer in different internally ribbed tubes configuration using TiO2 nanofluid
Authors: Al Kumait Aadel A. R. , Ibrahim Thamir K. , Abdullah Maysoon A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTiO2/water nanofluid is used together with a ribbed tube for heat transfer augmentation. This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation to study the influence of the ribs' pitch distance and ribbed tube configuration on heat transfer using TiO
2 nanofluid in a turbulent regime with Reynolds numbers of 5000‐40 000. Meanwhile, the fluid properties are assumed to be constant with temperature under uniform heat flux. The average nanoparticle size is 50 nm and volume fractions of 0% to 1% are adopted. The study is accomplished by using the finite volume method, and its objective involves finding a low friction factor and high heat transfer enhancement in the presence of TiO
2/water nanofluids. In comparison with the plain tube, a helical ribbed tube provides higher performance evaluation criteria (about 2.0%), while circumferentially ribbed tube provides 1.9% and longitudinal ribbed tube provides 1.88%. The helical ribbed tubes with a 5.89 mm pitch distance gave higher turbulent kinetic energy due to a stronger swirl intensity, resulting in a thinner thermal boundary layer and a higher Nusselt number with uniform distribution. The nonlinear models of friction factor and Nusselt number have been predicted with a maximum deviation of ±3% and ±2%, respectively.
Numerical investigation of semiempirical relations representing the local Nusselt number magnitude of a pin fin heat sink
Authors: Siddique Umair M. , Nitin Gulhane P. , Khan Sher A. , Taler Jan , Cebula Arthur , Oclon Pawel , Patil Rajesh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeat transfer augmentation study using air jet impingement has recently attained great interest toward electronic packaging systems and material processing industries. The present study aims at developing a nondimensional semiempirical relation, which represents the cooling rate (Nu) in terms of different geometric and impinging parameters. The spacing of the fin (S/dp) and the fin heights (H/dp) are the geometric parameters, while the impinging Reynolds number (Re) and nozzle‐target spacing (Z/d) are the impinging parameters. During the plot of the Nusselt profile, three vital secondary peaks are observed due to local turbulence of air over the heat sink. To incorporate this nonlinear behavior of the Nusselt profile in developing nondimensional empirical relations, the Nusselt profiles are divided into different regions of secondary rise and fall. Four different sets of the semiempirical relation using regression analysis are proposed for Z/d ≤ 6, H/dp ≤ 4.8 with S/dp ≤ 1.58, S/dp > 1.58 and for Z/d > 6, H/dp > 4.8 with S/dp ≤ 1.58, S/dp > 1.58. These empirical relations benefit the evaluation of the cooling rate (Nu) without any experimentation or simulation.
Pooled frequency analysis for intensity–duration–frequency curve estimation
Authors: Requena Ana I. , Burn Donald H. , Coulibaly Paulin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves are used in the design of urban infrastructure. Their estimation is based on rainfall frequency analysis, usually performed on rainfall records from a single gauged station. However, available at‐site record length is often too short to provide accurate estimates for long return periods. In the present study, a general framework for pooled rainfall frequency analysis based on the index‐event model is proposed for IDF estimation at gauged stations. Pooling group formation is defined by the region of influence approach on the basis of the geographical distance similarity measure. Several pooled approaches are defined and evaluated by a procedure through which quantile estimation and uncertainty are assessed. Alternate approaches for the definition of a pooling group are based on different criteria regarding initial pooling group size (and the relationship between size and return period), approaches for assessing pooling group homogeneity, and the use of macroregions in pooling group formation. The proposed framework is applied to identify the preferred approach for pooled rainfall intensity frequency analysis in Canada. Pooled approaches are found to provide more precise estimates than the at‐site approach, especially for long return periods. Pooled parent distribution selection supported the use of the generalized extreme value distribution across the country. Recommendations for pooling group formation include increasing the pooling group size with increases in return period and identifying an appropriate trade‐off between pooling group homogeneity and size for long return periods.
Quality home visits: Activities to promote meaningful interactions
Authors: Hughes‐Belding Kere , Peterson Carla A. , Clucas Walter Melissa , Rowe Neil , Fan Liuran , Dooley Leslie J. , Steffensmeier Chloe , Wang Wen , Bao Juan , Goodman Krista 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTExamination of and support for specific practices that promote high‐quality home visiting are essential as family support programs continue to expand across the country. The current study used direct observation of 91 home visits across 41 home visitors to examine relations among interaction partners, content of the interactions, the home‐visitors’ activities, and quality of home‐visitors’ practices and family‐members’ engagement within programs funded by the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting program. More time spent in triadic interactions focused on child‐related content, as measured by the Home Visit Rating Scale‐Revised, was related to higher quality of family engagement in home visits, as measured with the Home Visit Observation Rating Scales. Time spent in adult‐focused interactions and administrative tasks, however, was related to lower quality of home‐visiting practices and family engagement. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Characterization of atomic defects on the photoluminescence in two‐dimensional materials using transmission electron microscope
Authors: Zhang Jiayan , Yu Ye , Wang Peng , Luo Chen , Wu Xing , Sun Ziqi , Wang Jianlu , Hu Wei Da , Shen Guozhen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional material (2D) that possesses atomic thin geometry and remarkable properties is a star material for the fundamental researches and advanced applications. Defects in 2D materials are critical and fundamental to understand the chemical, physical, and optical properties. Photoluminescence arises in 2D materials owing to various physical phenomena including activator/dopant‐induced luminescence and defect‐related emissions, and so forth. With the advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technologies, such as aberration correction and low voltage technologies, the morphology, chemical compositions and electronic structures of defects in 2D material could be directly characterized at the atomic scale. In this review, we introduce the applications of state‐of‐the‐art TEM technologies on the studies of the role of atomic defects in the photoluminescence characteristics in 2D material. The challenges in spatial and time resolution are also discussed. It is proved that TEM is a powerful tool to pinpoint the relationship between the defects and the photoluminescence characteristics.
Cost avoidance associated with clinical pharmacist presence in a medical intensive care unit
Authors: Hammond Drayton A. , Flowers Heather J. C. , Meena Nikhil , Painter Jacob T. , Rech Megan A. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the clinical pharmacist‐generated cost avoidance and benefit‐cost ratio in a medical intensive care unit (MICU).MethodsAll accepted clinical pharmacist recommendations on a multidisciplinary, rounding service at an academic medical center over a 12‐month period were evaluated. Cost avoidance values from each intervention were determined using a systematic framework. Total cost avoidance was calculated by summing the cost avoidance for each general category. Average rates of cost avoidance per day and hour were calculated by dividing total cost avoidance by number of days and hours the clinical pharmacist provided care. Average interventions and cost avoidance per day and hour were calculated for weekday and call status. Differences between months, day of the week, and call status were evaluated using chi‐square goodness of fit tests.ResultsOver 12 months, 8866 clinical pharmacist‐recommended interventions were implemented, averaging 38.9 interventions per workday. The four most commonly accepted interventions were minor adverse drug event prevention (n = 4023, 45%), dosage adjustment: no continuous renal replacement therapy (n = 1162, 13%), antimicrobial therapy initiation and streamlining (n = 966, 11%), and antimicrobial pharmacokinetic evaluation (n = 777, 9%). All interventions resulted in a total cost avoidance of $3 270 178, averaging $14 731 per workday. Interventions per hour (P < 0.001) and average cost avoidance per hour (P < 0.001) differed significantly across workdays. For on‐call days compared with postcall days, there were a similar average number of interventions per hour (10.2 vs 9.8, P = 0.28) and average cost avoidance per hour ($3741 vs $3622, P = 0.47); the benefit‐cost ratio was 24.5:1.ConclusionsThe clinical pharmacist‐generated cost avoidance over a 12‐month period in the MICU was $3 270 178 and the benefit‐cost ratio was 24.5:1. Day of the week but no call status affected average cost avoidance. Employing a clinical pharmacist to be part of the multidisciplinary MICU team can reduce health care expenditures through cost avoidance.
Two applications of wild bootstrap methods to improve inference in cluster‐IV models
Authors: Finlay Keith , Magnusson Leandro M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryMicroeconomic data often have within‐cluster dependence, which affects standard error estimation and inference. When the number of clusters is small, asymptotic tests can be severely oversized. In the instrumental variables (IV) model, the potential presence of weak instruments further complicates hypothesis testing. We use wild bootstrap methods to improve inference in two empirical applications with these characteristics. Building from estimating equations and residual bootstraps, we identify variants robust to the presence of weak instruments and a small number of clusters. They reduce absolute size bias significantly and demonstrate that the wild bootstrap should join the standard toolkit in IV and cluster‐dependent models.
The cytotoxic properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the rat liver and spleen, and its anticancer impacts on human liver cancer cell lines
Authors: Rahimi Kalateh Shah Mohammad  Ghasem , Seyedi Seyed Mohammad Reza , Karimi Ehsan , Homayouni‐Tabrizi Masoud 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionDue to their unique properties including cellular uptake and the delivery efficiency to biological systems, nanoparticles are used in various preclinical and clinical applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity impacts of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) on morphology and functionality of the rat's liver and spleen and illustrated its safe‐therapeutic doses.MethodsThe 28 female Swiss albino rats (180‐220 g) and two human hepatocyte cell lines (HepG2 and HUH7) were designed as an in vivo and in vitro study, respectively. Samples were treated with certain doses of ZnO‐NPs. The rat's liver morphology and functionality and apoptotic genes expression profile (Bax, Bcl‐2, and P53) were analyzed to detect the cytotoxicity and antitumor impacts of ZnO‐NPs, respectively.ResultsThe results showed a positive significant association between the increasing doses of ZnO‐NPs and alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase values. Moreover, a meaningful correlation was detected between the rat's liver and spleen weight and ZnO‐NPs doses. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis of rat's liver showed the individual cytotoxic properties of ZnO‐NPs. Finally, the positive significant correlation was detected among the expression of Bax and P53 genes with ZnO‐NPs. In addition, the negative correlation was demonstrated between the expression of Bcl‐2 and ZnO‐NPs.ConclusionIn general, in the current study, the antitumor effects of ZnO‐NPs were confirmed by the enhancement of P53 and Bax genes expression profile, which are indicated the apoptotic induction in HUH7 cell line. Moreover, we introduced a safe‐clinical ZnO‐NPs dosage, have antitumor effects.
On the honeymoon Oberwolfach problem
Authors: Lepine Dene , Šajna Mateja 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe honeymoon Oberwolfach problem HOP asks the following question. Given newlywed couples at a conference and round tables of sizes , is it possible to arrange the participants at these tables for meals so that each participant sits next to their spouse at every meal and sits next to every other participant exactly once? A solution to HOP is a decomposition of , the complete graph with additional copies of a fixed 1‐factor , into 2‐factors, each consisting of disjoint ‐alternating cycles of lengths . It is also equivalent to a
semi‐uniform 1‐factorization of
of type ; that is, a 1‐factorization such that for all , the 2‐factor consists of disjoint cycles of lengths . In this paper, we first introduce the honeymoon Oberwolfach problem and then present several results. Most notably, we completely solve the case with uniform cycle lengths, that is, HOP. In addition, we show that HOP has a solution in each of the following cases: ; is odd and ; as well as for all . We also show that HOP has a solution whenever is odd and the Oberwolfach problem with tables of sizes has a solution.
The effect of continuous blood purification on P38MAPK signaling pathway in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Authors: Pan Jiaqi , Xu Bing , Yu Jiao 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the role of p38MAPK signaling pathway in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome treated with continuous blood purification.MethodsBlood samples were obtained to analyze the protein level of inflammatory factors (IL‐1, IL‐8, IL‐10, and TNF‐α) and phosphorylated p38MAPK by utilizing ELISA assay and Western blotting, respectively. The relative mRNA level of iNOS was detected by using RT‐PCR. In vitro study was conducted in Caco‐2 cells, which were treated with serum from patients subjected to continuous blood purification. Serum‐induced inflammatory factors and phosphorylated p38MAPK were also analyzed in Caco‐2 cells.ResultsThe protein levels of IL‐1, IL‐8, IL‐10, and TNF‐α were significantly decreased in Caco‐2 cells treated with serum obtained from patients who were subjected to continuous blood purification therapy at the time course of 12 and 24 hours. A drastic decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in the level of IL‐8 and TNF‐α after continuous blood purification therapy in the patients treated with continuous blood purification therapy compared with control group.ConclusionOur study conducted in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that the continuous blood purification therapy could ameliorate the inflammatory response via activating the p38MAPK signaling pathway.