bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated climate change increases larval mortality, alters phenology, and affects flight morphology of a dragonfly
Authors: McCauley Shannon J. , Hammond John I. , Mabry Karen E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFor organisms with complex life cycles, climate change can have both direct effects and indirect effects that are mediated through plastic responses to temperature and that carry over beyond the developmental environment. We examined multiple responses to environmental warming in a dragonfly, a species whose life history bridges aquatic and terrestrial environments. We tested larval survival under warming and whether warmer conditions can create carry‐over effects between life history stages. Rearing dragonfly larvae in an experimental warming array to simulate increases in temperature, we contrasted the effects of the current thermal environment with temperatures +2.5° and +5°C above ambient, temperatures predicted for 50 and 100 yr in the future for the study region. Aquatic mesocosms were stocked with dragonfly larvae (Erythemis collocata), and we followed survival of larvae to adult emergence. We also measured the effects of warming on the timing of the life history transition to the adult stage, body size of adults, and the relative size of their wings, an aspect of morphology key to flight performance. There was a trend toward reduced larval survival with increasing temperature. Warming strongly affected the phenology of adult emergence, advancing emergence by up to a month compared with ambient conditions. Additionally, our warmest conditions increased variation in the timing of adult emergence compared with cooler conditions. The increased variation with warming arose from an extended emergence season with fewer individuals emerging at any one time. Altered emergence patterns such as we observed are likely to place individuals emerging outside the typical season at greater risk from early and late season storms and will reduce effective population sizes during the breeding season. Contrary to expectations for ectotherms, body size was unaffected by warming. However, morphology was affected: at +5°C, dragonflies emerging from mesocosms had relatively smaller wings. This provides some of the first evidence that the effects of climate change on animals during their growth can have carry‐over effects in morphology that will affect performance of later life history stages. In dragonflies, relatively smaller wings are associated with reduced flight performance, creating a link between larval thermal conditions and adult dispersal capacity.
Water‐Mediated One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction to Bifunctionalized Thiadiazoloquinazolinone‐coumarin Hybrids: A Green Approach
Authors: Wadhwa Preeti , Kharbanda Anupreet , Bagchi Sourav , Sharma Anuj 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA facile, eco‐friendly protocol has been developed for synthesis of novel bifunctional coumarin‐thiadiazoloquinazolinone containing heterocycles via one pot, three component reaction of 5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐amines, 1,3‐dicarbonyls and 2‐oxo‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehyde under microwave irradiation in water. Characteristics of the method include the use of environmentally benign solvent and catalyst, mild reaction conditions, moderate to high yields of products and the applicability of microwave irradiation as a source of energy.
Targeting Pyruvate Kinase M2, β Catenin Signaling by Juglone Silver Nano Framework for Selective Cancer Cell Death
Authors: Duraipandy N. , Lakra Rachita , Korrapati Purna Sai , Sudhakaran Perumana R. , Kiran Manikantan Syamala 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe modern biomedical nanotechnology necessitates functionalized nanoparticles for targeted action on diseased cells with excellent physico chemical properties. The present study revealed the potential of fabricating juglone silver nano framework for selective cancer cell death by altering the redox states in the cancer cell and selectively inhibiting its growth and proliferation. Conjugation of Juglone with silver nanoparticle reduced the toxicity against normal cells and specifically only inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells. The mechanism of the selective cytotoxic and apoptotic effect on cancer cell was due to down‐regulation of NADPH oxidase 4, Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α and subdued Pyruvate kinase M2 by arresting Wnt/β catenin signaling through ROS dependent caspase‐3 pathway. Collectively, our findings epitomized that functionalization of nanoparticle gives up a new perspective for adding‐in and tuning the therapeutic values by altering the redox states in cancer cells. Implications of this study opens up a new horizon in modern biomedicine for tuning therapeutic entities to meet the needs of practical applications in complex biological systems.
T-duality transformations for the NS5-brane along angular directions
Authors: Plauschinn Erik , Camell Valentí Vall 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

In this note we study T-duality transformations for the NS5-brane and its orbifolds along angular directions. We identify a geometric charge for these configurations and show that it is interchanged with the H-flux under T-duality. We furthermore perform a supersymmetry analysis and find that T-duality can break supersymmetry, in agreement with earlier results in the literature.
We contrast our findings to compactifications of the NS5-brane on tori, which have vanishing geometric charge and for which T-duality transformations along the compact directions preserve supersymmetry. This shows that the uncompactified NS5-brane and the compactified-and-smeared solution have different properties and behave differently under T-duality.
K0
S − K0
L asymmetries and CP violation in charmed baryon decays into neutral kaons
Authors: Wang Di , Guo Peng-Fei , Long Wen-Hui , Yu Fu-Sheng 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

We study the K

S

0
− K

L

0
asymmetries and CP violations in charm-baryon decays with neutral kaons in the final state. The K

S

0
− K

L

0
asymmetry can be used to search for two-body doubly Cabibbo-suppressed amplitudes of charm-baryon decays, with the one in Λ

c

+
→ pK

S,
L

0
as a promising observable. Besides, it is studied for a new CP-violation effect in these processes, induced by the interference between the Cabibbo-favored and doubly Cabibbo-suppressed amplitudes with the neutral kaon mixing. Once the new CP-violation effect is determined by experiments, the direct CP asymmetry in neutral kaon modes can then be extracted and used to search for new physics. The numerical results based on SU(3) symmetry will be tested by the experiments in the future.
LIFE+ Traisen: Der neue Fluss – die Umsetzung
Authors: Eberstaller Jürgen , Schmalfuß Roland , Eberstaller-Fleischanderl Doris , Gabriel Hannes , Kaufmann Thomas , Wimmer Helmut , Jungwirth Mathias 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Mündung der Traisen wurde beim Bau des Donaukraftwerkes Altenwörth ins Unterwasser des Kraftwerkes verlegt und verläuft in diesem Abschnitt als reguliertes, geradliniges Gerinne durch das Natura-2000-Gebiet „Tullnerfelder Donauauen“. Im Zuge des LIFE+ Projekts wurde ein ca. 10 km langer, pendelnd-mäandrierender Flussabschnitt neu angelegt, der sich bei Hochwasser dynamisch verändern soll. In den angrenzenden Umlandabsenkungen entstanden vielfältige Standorte für einen durch natürliche Sukzessionsprozesse geprägten Auwald und Augewässer. Ab einem Abfluss der Größe eines etwa 1‑jährlichen Hochwassers (HQ1) trägt auch das bisherige, im Bestand belassene Flussbett zur Hochwasserabfuhr bei. Damit verbleibt bei bettbildenden Hochwässern (HQ1 bis HQ2) fast der gesamte Abfluss im neuen Flussbett und stellt eine ausreichende Dynamik sicher.Durch die großräumige Geländeabsenkung bei der Errichtung des Flussbettes und seines angrenzenden Umlandes ergab sich ein Materialüberschuss von rd. 1,5 Mio. m3. Diese Kieskubatur wurde einerseits für die Geschiebebewirtschaftung im Bereich der Unterwassersicherung des Donaukraftwerkes Wien-Freudenau verwendet, andererseits auch der Bauwirtschaft zugeführt. Der Abtransport erfolgte in großen Teilen per Schiff über die Wasserstraße Donau. Rd. 1,6 Mio. m3 Feinsediment (Aulehm und Ausand) wurden nach der Kiesentnahme innerhalb des Projektgebietes im Bereich der Umlandabsenkungen wieder eingebaut, in geringem Umfang auch für randliche Vorschüttungen im alten Traisenbett genutzt.Neben der Schaffung von rd. 30 ha fließgewässertypischen Lebensraums als Beitrag zur Erreichung des guten ökologischen Potenzials im angrenzenden Wasserkörper der Donau (d. i. der Stauraum des Donaukraftwerkes Greifenstein) liegen die Schwerpunkte des Projekts in der Herstellung der Durchgängigkeit des Mündungsabschnitts der Traisen für Fische und in der großflächigen Neuschaffung flussbegleitender Überflutungszonen (rd. 60 ha) mit der für das Europaschutzgebiet typischen Silberweidenau. Damit stellt dieses Projekt sowohl hinsichtlich Planungsraum als auch Bauvolumen das größte LIFE+ Natur-Projekt Österreichs dar und ist zugleich eines der größten Revitalisierungsvorhaben in Mitteleuropa.Mit der Projektumsetzung wurde 2013 begonnen, die Fertigstellung der Baumaßnahmen erfolgte Ende des Jahres 2016. Erste Monitoringergebnisse belegen deutliche Verbesserungen der gewässerökologischen Verhältnisse.
Multiomics tools for the diagnosis and treatment of rare neurological disease
Authors: Crowther L. M. , Poms M. , Plecko Barbara 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConventional workup of rare neurological disease is frequently hampered by diagnostic delay or lack of diagnosis. While biomarkers have been established for many neurometabolic disorders, improved methods are required for diagnosis of previously unidentified or underreported causes of rare neurological disease. This would result in a higher diagnostic yield and increased patient numbers required for interventional studies. Recent studies using next‐generation sequencing and metabolomics have led to identification of novel disease‐causing genes and biomarkers. This combined approach can assist in overcoming challenges associated with analyzing and interpreting the large amount of data obtained from each technique. In particular, metabolomics can support the pathogenicity of sequence variants in genes encoding enzymes or transporters involved in metabolic pathways. Moreover, metabolomics can show the broader perturbation caused by inborn errors of metabolism and identify a metabolic fingerprint of metabolic disorders. As such, using “omics” has great potential to meet the current needs for improved diagnosis and elucidation of rare neurological disease.
Taming the runabout imagination ticket
Authors: Berto Francesco 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe ‘puzzle of imaginative use’ (Kind and Kung in Knowledge through imagination, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016) asks: given that imagination is arbitrary escape from reality, how can it have any epistemic value? In particular, imagination seems to be logically anarchic, like a runabout inference ticket: one who imaginesAmay also imagine whateverBpops to one’s mind by free mental association. This paper argues that at least a certain kind of imaginative exercise—reality-oriented mental simulation—is not logically anarchic. Showing this is part of the task of solving the puzzle. Six plausible features of imagination, so understood, are listed. Then a formal semantics is provided, whose patterns of logical validity and invalidity model the six features.
Congenital Pouch Colon: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Divya , Kaur Ladbans 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCongenital pouch colon (CPC) is a rare condition in which a variable length of colon is converted into a pouch which communicates with the urogenital tract. We report the antenatal sonographic findings of a boy found to have CPC type I postnatally, which was suspected to be an anorectal malformation in utero. This entity has been described in the literature mainly from the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, it is an important differential diagnosis to be kept in mind in fetuses with abnormal large bowel pattern.
Relief generation from 3D scenes guided by geometric texture richness
Authors: Miao Yongwei , Sun Yuliang , Fang Xudong , Chen Jiazhou , Zhang Xudong , Pajarola Renato 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Typically, relief generation from an input 3D scene is limited to either bas-relief or high-relief modeling. This paper presents a novel unified scheme for synthesizing reliefs guided by the geometric texture richness of 3D scenes; it can generate both basand high-reliefs. The type of relief and compression coefficient can be specified according to the user’s artistic needs. We use an energy minimization function to obtain the surface reliefs, which contains a geometry preservation term and an edge constraint term. An edge relief measure determined by geometric texture richness and edge z-depth is utilized to achieve a balance between these two terms. During relief generation, the geometry preservation term keeps local surface detail in the original scenes, while the edge constraint term maintains regions of the original models with rich geometric texture. Elsewhere, in highreliefs, the edge constraint term also preserves depth discontinuities in the higher parts of the original scenes. The energy function can be discretized to obtain a sparse linear system. The reliefs are obtained by solving it by an iterative process. Finally, we apply non-linear compression to the relief to meet the user’s artistic needs. Experimental results show the method’s effectiveness for generating both bas- and high-reliefs for complex 3D scenes in a unified manner.
Customization of therapy for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Mizrak Kaya Dilsa , Harada Kazuto , Amlashi Fatemeh G. , Vasilakopoulou Maria , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEACs) remain a global health problem. These are most often diagnosed at advanced stage and the estimated 5‐year relative survival rate is about 5%. Although cure is not possible for patients with advanced GEAC, systemic therapy (chemotherapy or biochemotherapy) can palliate symptoms, improve survival and provide a better quality of life. One of the most promising options for some patients with advanced stage GEAC is immunotherapy, which can result in durable responses. Numerous phase III trials evaluating targeted therapies in different lines are ongoing and it is hoped that better biomarkers will emerge to identify patients who can benefit from targeted agents and immunotherapy in the future. Surgery remains as the corner stone for localized GEAC and adjunctive therapies can increase the survival rates by about 10%. The high toxicity and low completion rates of adjuvant therapy led to the strategies of preoperative treatment. With the results of ongoing pre‐operative therapy trials we will be able to determine the optimal adjunctive approach for resectable GEAC.
Apolipoprotein E genotypes and longevity across dementia disorders
Authors: Skillbäck Tobias , Lautner Ronald , Mattsson Niklas , Schott Jonathan M. , Skoog Ingmar , Nägga Katarina , Kilander Lena , Wimo Anders , Winblad Bengt , Eriksdotter Maria , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is a prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its implication in other dementias is less well studied.MethodsWe used a data set on 2858 subjects (1098 AD, 260 vascular dementia [VaD], 145 mixed AD and VaD, 90 other dementia diagnoses, and 1265 controls) to examine the association of APOE polymorphisms with clinical dementia diagnoses, biomarker profiles, and longevity.ResultsThe ε4 allele was associated with reduced longevity as ε4 versus ε3 homozygotes lived on average 2.6 years shorter (P = .006). In AD, ε4 carriers lived 1.0 years shorter than noncarriers (P = .028). The ε4 allele was more prevalent in AD, mixed AD and VaD, and VaD patients compared to controls, but not in other dementia disorders.DiscussionThe APOE ε4 allele is influential in AD but might also be of importance in VaD and in mixed AD and VaD, diseases in which concomitant AD pathology is common.
Educational background and access to legal academia
Authors: Davies Mark 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe focus of this paper is upon the educational background of academic lawyers in England and Wales and the extent to which qualifications from certain institutions may be seen as acting as a proxy for social class. In recent years higher educational background and socio-economic background have been significant topics of research relating to entry to the legal professions and judiciary in England and Wales. There is a relative absence of such research relating to academic lawyers. The research discussed in this paper aims to close that gap. The paper argues that critiques relating to the elite nature of the traditional legal professions in terms of educational background have parallels within the academic legal community, evidenced by a dominance of those educated at Cambridge, Oxford and other Russell Group institutions, with relatively lower proportions of graduates from other sectors, most notably the post-1992 universities. The paper further argues that economic hurdles to entry to an academic legal career are significantly higher than those for other law related careers, potentially exacerbating issues of socio-economic exclusion. The conclusion drawn is that law schools should engage proactively with measures to expand opportunities for entrants into the academic legal community from candidates from a much wider range of educational backgrounds.
Starch synthase IIIa and starch branching enzyme IIb-deficient mutant rice line ameliorates pancreatic insulin secretion in rats: screening and evaluating mutant rice lines with antidiabetic functionalities
Authors: Tanaka Yasutake , Takahashi Kiyomi , Kato Jun-ichi , Sawazaki Ai , Akasaka Taiki , Fujita Naoko , Kumamaru Toshihide , Saito Yuhi , Shirouchi Bungo , Sato Masao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease spreading worldwide that has been reported to worsen the development and progression of other diseases (cancer, vascular diseases and dementia). To establish functional rice lines with anti-postprandial hyperglycaemic effects, we developed mutant rice lines, which lack one or two gene(s) related to starch synthesis, and evaluated their effects. Powder of mutant rice lines or other grains was loaded to rats fasted overnight (oral grain powder loading test). Incremental area under time-concentration curves (iAUC) were calculated with monitored blood glucose levels. Rice lines with anti-postprandial hyperglycaemic effects were separated by cluster analysis with calculated iAUC. A double mutant rice #4019 (starch synthase IIIa (ss3a)/branching enzyme IIb (be2b)), one of the screened mutant rice lines, was fed to Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an animal model for type 2 diabetes, for 5 weeks. Plasma levels of C-peptide, a marker of pancreatic insulin secretion, were measured with ELISA. Forin vitrostudy, a rat pancreatic cell line was cultured with a medium containing rat serum which was sampled from rats fed #4019 diet for 2 d. After 24-h of incubation, an insulin secretion test was performed. Through the oral rice powder loading test, seven rice lines were identified as antidiabetic rice lines. The intake of #4019 diet increased plasma C-peptide levels of GK rats. This result was also observedin vitro.In rat serum added to cell medium, ornithine was significantly increased by the intake of #4019. In conclusion, the mutant rice #4019 promoted pancreatic insulin secretion via elevation of serum ornithine levels.
The role of metalloproteases inLeishmaniaspecies infection in the New World: a systematic review
Authors: Murase Letícia Sayuri , de Souza João Vítor Perez , de Lima Neto Quirino Alves , de Mello Tatiane França Perles , Cardoso Bruna Muller , Lera-Nonose Daniele Stéfanie Sara Lopes , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira , Lonardoni Maria Valdrinez Campana , Demarchi Izabel Galhardo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis is a systematic review on the role of metalloproteases in the pathogenicity of the American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) caused by New World Leishmania species. The review followed the PRISMA method, searching for articles in PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and ISI Web of Science, by employing the following terms: ‘leishmaniasis’, ‘cutaneous leishmaniasis’, ‘mucocutaneous leishmaniasis’, ‘diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis’, ‘Leishmania’ and ‘metalloproteases’. GP63 of New WorldLeishmaniaspecies is a parasite metalloproteases involved in the degradation and cleavage of many biological molecules as kappa-B nuclear factor, fibronectin, tyrosine phosphatases. GP63 is capable of inhibiting the activity of the complement system and reduces the host's immune functions, allowing the survival of the parasite and its dissemination. High serological/tissue levels of host matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-9 have been associated with tissue damage during the infection, while high transcriptional levels of MMP-2 related with a satisfactory response to treatment. Host MMPs serological and tissue levels have been investigated using Western Blot, zymography, and Real Time polymerase chain reaction. GP63 detection characterizes species and virulence in promastigotes isolated from lesions samples using techniques mentioned previously. The monitoring of host MMPs levels and GP63 in Leishmania isolated from host samples could be used on the laboratory routine to predict the prognostic and treatment efficacy of ATL.
Proximity to parasites reduces host fitness independent of infection in a Drosophila–Macrocheles system
Authors: Horn Collin J. , Luong Lien T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractParasites are known to have direct negative effects on host fitness; however, the indirect effects of parasitism on host fitness sans infection are less well understood. Hosts undergo behavioural and physiological changes when in proximity to parasites. Yet, there is little experimental evidence showing that these changes lead to long-term decreases in host fitness. We aimed to determine if parasite exposure affects host fitness independent of contact, because current approaches to parasite ecology may underestimate the effect of parasites on host populations. We assayed the longevity and reproductive output of Drosophila nigrospiracula exposed or not exposed to ectoparasitic Macrocheles subbadius. In order to preclude contact and infection, mites and flies were permanently separated with a mesh screen. Exposed flies had shorter lives and lower fecundity relative to unexposed flies. Recent work in parasite ecology has argued that parasite–host systems show similar processes as predator–prey systems. Our findings mirror the non-consumptive effects observed in predator–prey systems, in which prey species suffer reduced fitness even if they never come into direct contact with predators. Our results support the perspective that there are analogous effects in parasite–host systems, and suggest new directions for research in both parasite ecology and the ecology of fear.