bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on the safe stroke of mechanical HVDC vacuum circuit breaker
Authors: Xia Ning , Zou Jiyan , Liang Deshi , Gao Yang , Huang Zhihui , Wang Yongxing 
Published: January 2019

Here, a DC vacuum arc interruption test based on the hybrid high‐speed actuator and the method of commutation is carried out in the synthetic loop system. The safe stroke is one of the basic breaking parameters. The minimum safe stroke directly determines the commutation time and breaking property of the mechanical DC vacuum circuit breaker. The main circuit breaker is a high‐speed vacuum switch driven by electromagnetic repulsion actuator. In order to simplify its control system, the commutation switch also adopts high‐speed vacuum switch. The main current source for verification test of this DC breaker system is provided by a LC oscillator circuit with lower frequency. Simulations with some experiments were completed on breaking process of this system by PSCAD. The breaking current is 4 kA by the DC breaker system proposed here, the opening speed is about 2.417 m/s in this experimental system; From the results, the simulation and experimental waveforms are compared and analysed, and some effects on safe stroke of the DC vacuum circuit breaker is studied. The shortest arcing time is about 0.89 ms and the minimum safe stroke is about 2.15 mm under the lower voltages.
Multiple water band detections in the CARMENES near-infrared transmission spectrum of HD 189733 b
Authors: Alonso-Floriano F. J. , Sánchez-López A. , Snellen I. A. G. , López-Puertas M. , Nagel E. , Amado P. J. , Bauer F. F. , Caballero J. A. , Czesla S. , Nortmann L. , Pallé E. , Salz M. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Aceituno J. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Béjar V. J. S. , Guenther E. W. , Henning T. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Lampón M. , Lara L. M. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Tal-Or L. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Zechmeister M. 
Published: January 2019

Aims. We explore the capabilities of CARMENES for characterising hot-Jupiter atmospheres by targeting multiple water bands, in particular, those at 1.15 and 1.4 μm. Hubble Space Telescope observations suggest that this wavelength region is relevant for distinguishing between hazy and/or cloudy and clear atmospheres.
Methods. We observed one transit of the hot Jupiter HD 189733 b with CARMENES. Telluric and stellar absorption lines were removed using SYSREM, which performs a principal component analysis including proper error propagation. The residual spectra were analysed for water absorption with cross-correlation techniques using synthetic atmospheric absorption models.
Results. We report a cross-correlation peak at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 6.6, revealing the presence of water in the transmission spectrum of HD 189733 b. The absorption signal appeared slightly blueshifted at –3.9 ± 1.3 km s−1. We measured the individual cross-correlation signals of the water bands at 1.15 and 1.4 μm, finding cross-correlation peaks at S/N of 4.9 and 4.4, respectively. The 1.4 μm feature is consistent with that observed with the Hubble Space Telescope.
Conclusions. The water bands studied in this work have been mainly observed in a handful of planets from space. Being able also to detect them individually from the ground at higher spectral resolution can provide insightful information to constrain the properties of exoplanet atmospheres. Although the current multi-band detections can not yet constrain atmospheric haze models for HD 189733 b, future observations at higher S/N could provide an alternative way to achieve this aim.
Real-time dissection of dynamic uncoating of individual influenza viruses
Authors: Qin Chong , Li Wei , Li Qin , Yin Wen , Zhang Xiaowei , Zhang Zhiping , Zhang Xian-En , Cui Zongqiang 
Published: January 2019

Significance
Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the most important human pathogens, and it is crucial to understand its life cycle to develop antiviral strategies. However, IAV uncoating, an essential step in viral infection, has remained incomprehensible. Here, via the construction of infectious IAV virions encapsulating quantum dots, we tracked the uncoating and viral ribonucleoprotein complex (vRNP) dynamics of single IAV virions. Our results reveal that after viral fusion and uncoating, IAV vRNP segments are released separately into the cytosol, and individual vRNPs undergo a three-stage active nuclear import process and display two diffusion patterns within the nucleus. These findings reveal uncoating and vRNP trafficking mechanisms which may assist in developing new strategies to block IAV infection.
Bilingual language control across modalities
Authors: Struys Esli , Surmont Jill , Van de Craen Piet , Kepinska Olga , Van den Noort Maurits 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Bilingual language control has previously been tested separately in tasks of language comprehension and language production. Whereas these studies have suggested that local control processes are selectively recruited during mixed-language production, the present study investigated whether measures of global control show the same dependence on modality, or are shared across modalities. Thirty-eight Dutch-French bilingual young adults participated by completing two tasks of bilingual language control in both modalities. Global accuracy on mixed-language comprehension was related to mixing costs on bilingual verbal fluency, but only when compared to the L2-baseline. Global performance on mixed-language production was related to forward (L1-to-L2) switch costs. Finally, a significant correlation was found between the mixing cost on verbal fluency and forward switch costs on the comprehension task. The results are interpreted as evidence for the involvement of monitoring processes in bilingual language control across modality. The results also highlight the relevance of language switch directionality.
The role of fruit heteromorphism in the naturalization of Asteraceae
Authors: Fenesi Annamária , Sándor Dorottya , Pyšek Petr , Dawson Wayne , Ruprecht Eszter , Essl Franz , Kreft Holger , Pergl Jan , Weigelt Patrick , Winter Marten , Van Kleunen Mark 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Fruit heteromorphism is considered to be a bet-hedging strategy to cope with spatially or temporally heterogeneous environments. The different behaviours of the fruit morphs of the same species might also be beneficial during naturalization, once the species has been introduced to a new range. Yet, no study to date has tested the association between fruit heteromorphism and global-scale naturalization success for a large set of plant species.

Methods
We compiled two large datasets on fruit heteromorphism in Asteraceae. One dataset was on native species in Central Europe (n = 321) and the other was on species frequently planted as ornamentals (n = 584). Using phylogenetic linear and logistic regressions, we tested whether heteromorphic species are more likely to naturalize outside their native range, and in more regions of the world than monomorphic species. We also tested whether the effect of heteromorphism is modulated by life history and height of the species.

Key Results
We show that heteromorphic species were more likely to naturalize outside their native range. However, among the naturalized species, heteromorphic and monomorphic species did not differ in the number of world regions where they became naturalized. A short life span and tall stature both promoted naturalization success and, when life history and height were included in the models, the effect of fruit heteromorphism on the ability to naturalize became non-significant. Nevertheless, among tall plants, heteromorphic ornamental species were significantly more likely to become naturalized in general and in more regions than monomorphic species.

Conclusions
Our results provide evidence that in Asteraceae the production of heteromorphic fruits is associated with naturalization success. It appears, however, that not fruit heteromorphism per se, but a successful combination of other biological traits in fruit heteromorphic species, namely short life span and tall stature, contributes to their naturalization success.
queryMed: Semantic Web functions for linking pharmacological and medical knowledge to data
Authors: Rivault Y , Dameron O , Le Meur N 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Summary
In public health research and more precisely in the reuse of electronic health data, selecting patients, identifying specific events and interpreting results typically requires biomedical knowledge. The queryMed R package aims to facilitate the integration of medical and pharmacological knowledge stored in formats compliant with the Linked Data paradigm (e.g. OWL ontologies and RDF datasets) into the R statistical programming environment. We show how it allowed us to identify all the drugs prescribed for critical limb ischemia (CLI) and also to detect one contraindicated prescription for one patient by linking a medical database of 1003 CLI patients to ontologies.

Availability and implementation
queryMed is readily usable for medical data mappings and enrichment. Sources, R vignettes and test data are available on GitHub (https://github.com/yannrivault/queryMed) and are archived on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1323481).
The Dynamic Associations Between Cortical Thickness and General Intelligence are Genetically Mediated
Authors: Schmitt J Eric , Raznahan Armin , Clasen Liv S , Wallace Greg L , Pritikin Joshua N , Lee Nancy Raitano , Giedd Jay N , Neale Michael C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The neural substrates of intelligence represent a fundamental but largely uncharted topic in human developmental neuroscience. Prior neuroimaging studies have identified modest but highly dynamic associations between intelligence and cortical thickness (CT) in childhood and adolescence. In a separate thread of research, quantitative genetic studies have repeatedly demonstrated that most measures of intelligence are highly heritable, as are many brain regions associated with intelligence. In the current study, we integrate these 2 streams of prior work by examining the genetic contributions to CT–intelligence relationships using a genetically informative longitudinal sample of 813 typically developing youth, imaged with high-resolution MRI and assessed with Wechsler Intelligence Scales (IQ). In addition to replicating the phenotypic association between multimodal association cortex and language centers with IQ, we find that CT–IQ covariance is nearly entirely genetically mediated. Moreover, shared genetic factors drive the rapidly evolving landscape of CT–IQ relationships in the developing brain.
Cost-Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Tai Ji Quan Fall Prevention Intervention for Older Adults at High Risk of Falling
Authors: Li Fuzhong , Harmer Peter , Eckstrom Elizabeth , Fitzgerald Kathleen , Akers Laura , Chou Li-Shan , Pidgeon Dawna , Voit Jan , Winters-Stone Kerri 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundData on the cost-effectiveness of proven fall prevention exercise interventions are limited. We aimed to establish the cost-effectiveness of Tai Ji Quan: Moving for Better Balance (TJQMBB) compared with a conventional exercise intervention for older adults at high risk of falling.MethodsWe conducted a trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis involving 670 older adults who had a history of falling or impaired mobility. Participants received one of three interventions—TJQMBB, multimodal exercise, or stretching exercise (control)—each of which was implemented twice weekly for 24 weeks. The primary cost-effectiveness measure was the incremental cost per additional fall prevented, comparing TJQMBB and multimodal exercise to Stretching and TJQMBB to multimodal exercise, with a secondary measure of incremental cost per additional quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. The intervention was conducted between February 2015 and January 2018, and cost-effectiveness was estimated from a health care system perspective over a 6-month time horizon.ResultsThe total cost to deliver the TJQMBB intervention was $202,949 (an average of $906 per participant); for multimodal exercise, it was $223,849 ($1,004 per participant); and for Stretching, it was $210,468 ($903 per participant). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios showed that the multimodal exercise was cost-effective ($850 per additional fall prevented; $27,614 per additional QALY gained) relative to Stretching; however, TJQMBB was the most economically dominant strategy (ie, having lower cost and being clinically more efficacious) compared with multimodal and stretching exercises with regard to cost per additional fall prevented and per additional QALY gained. TJQMBB had a 100% probability of being cost-effective, relative to Stretching, at a threshold of $500 per each additional fall prevented and $10,000 per additional QALY gained. Sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of the results when extreme cases, medical costs only, and missing data were considered.ConclusionsAmong community-dwelling older adults at high risk for falls, TJQMBB is a cost-effective means of reducing falls compared with conventional exercise approaches.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov (NCT02287740).
Performance of length-based data-limited methods in a multifleet context: application to small tunas, mackerels, and bonitos in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Pons Maite , Kell Laurence , Rudd Merrill B , Cope Jason M , Lucena Frédou Flávia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Large scombrids, commercial tuna species, are regularly assessed and managed. However, most of the small scombrids, many mackerels and bonitos, lack accurate catch data to implement traditional stock assessments despite their economic importance in many small-scale fisheries. In this study, we analysed different approaches using length composition data from multiple fleets with different gear selectivity to assess small scombrids in the Atlantic Ocean. Using simulated populations, we compared two length-based methods (length-based spawning potential ratio and length-based integrated mixed effects ), under different length data grouping scenarios. We found that using length data from the fleet targeting the broadest range of sizes resulted in the lowest bias in spawning potential ratio of all options tested. Based on these results, we used biological and length data to estimate a quantitative proxy of current stock status for ten small scombrid stocks in the Atlantic Ocean. We found that some stocks are likely to be overfished, such as little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus) in the Southeast Atlantic and wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri) in the Northwest Atlantic. This is a starting point in the estimation of stock status for these species, but should not be thought of as a replacement for other more data-intensive assessments.
Local Integration and Shared Resource Management in Protracted Refugee Camps: Findings from a Study in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Smith Lahra , Howard Douglas A , Giordano Mark , Yossinger Nili Sarit , Kinne Lara , Martin Susan F 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn light of global reforms to speed up local integration in protracted refugee settings, refugees and host communities need more capacity-building support around natural-resource management and resource-sharing. This article presents the findings of research conducted in Ethiopia and Djibouti focused on refugees and environmental resource management. Using remote sensing and land cover change analyses, as well as qualitative interviewing of refugees and local host community members in two protracted refugee camps, a multidisciplinary research team assessed the environmental impact of the camps as well as the perceptions of the two groups of these impacts. The open-ended interviews also proved useful in exploring concerns about the integration of refugees more generally. The findings suggest a set of understandings among both communities about the need for more information exchange, greater education and human-capacity-building and livelihoods development. These are all objectives shared by national governments of the region and the international community as laid out in recent global policy documents and require more coordination and new funding priorities.
The association between longer haemodialysis treatment times and hospitalization and mortality after the two-day break in individuals receiving three times a week haemodialysis
Authors: Fotheringham James , Sajjad Ayesha , Stel Vianda S , McCullough Keith , Karaboyas Angelo , Wilkie Martin , Bieber Brian , Robinson Bruce M , Massy Ziad A , Jager Kitty J 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
On the first haemodialysis (HD) day after the 2-day break in three times a week (3×W) in-centre HD, mortality and hospitalization are higher. If longer HD sessions prescribed 3×W is associated with a reduction in these events is unknown.

Methods
HD session length in 19 557 prevalent European in-centre 3×W HD patients participating in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (1998–2011) were categorized into &lt;200, 200–225, 226–250 or &gt;250 min. Standardized event rates on the first (HD1) versus the second (HD2) HD day after the 2-day break, with supporting Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for patient and dialysis characteristics, were generated for all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, out-of-hospital death and fluid overload hospitalization.

Results
By comparing HD1 with HD2, increased rates of all endpoints were observed (all P &lt; 0.002). As HD session lengthened across the four groups, all-cause mortality per 100 patient-years on the HD1 (23.0, 20.4, 16.4 and 14.6) and HD2 (26.1, 13.3, 13.4 and 12.1) reduced. Similar improvements were observed for out-of-hospital death but were less marked for hospitalization endpoints. However, even patients dialysing &gt;250 min were at significantly greater risk on HD1 when compared with their HD2 for out-of-hospital death [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.1, 95% CI 1.0–4.3], all-cause hospitalization (HR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4) and fluid overload hospitalization (HR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.8–6.0).

Conclusions
Despite the association between reduced mortality across all dialysis days in patients performing longer sessions, elevated risk on the first dialysis day relative to the second persists even in patients dialysing 4.5 h 3×W.
Association of serum uromodulin with mortality and cardiovascular disease in the elderly—the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Steubl Dominik , Buzkova Petra , Garimella Pranav S , Ix Joachim H , Devarajan Prasad , Bennett Michael R , Chaves Paulo H M , Shlipak Michael G , Bansal Nisha , Sarnak Mark J 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundUromodulin (UMOD) is released by renal tubular cells into the serum (sUMOD) and urine. Lower urine UMOD has been linked to mortality and cardiovascular disease but much less is known about sUMOD. We evaluated the association of sUMOD with these outcomes in community-dwelling older adults.MethodsWe measured sUMOD in a random subcohort of 933 participants enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The associations of sUMOD with all-cause mortality, incident heart failure (HF) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD; myocardial infarction, stroke and mortality due to coronary disease or stroke) were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression, adjusting for study participants’ demographics, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria and CVD risk factors. Generalized additive models with splines were used to address the functional form of sUMOD with outcomes. Due to nonlinear associations of sUMOD with all outcomes, 2.5% of the values on either end of the sUMOD distribution were excluded from the analyses, limiting the range of sUMOD to 34.3–267.1 ng/mL.ResultsThe mean age was 78 ± 5 years, 40% were male, sUMOD level was 127 ± 64 ng/mL, eGFR was 63 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 42% had CKD defined as eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Patients in the lower sUMOD quartiles had lower eGFR and higher albuminuria (P &lt; 0.01, respectively). During a median follow-up of 9.9 years, 805 patients died, 283 developed HF and 274 developed CVD. In multivariable analysis, higher sUMOD was significantly associated with a lower hazard for mortality {hazard ratio [HR] 0.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.99] per 1 standard deviation (SD) higher sUMOD}, CVD [HR 0.80 (95% CI 0.67–0.96)] and the composite endpoint [HR 0.88 (95% CI 0.78–0.99)]; the association with HF was not statistically significant [HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.70–1.01)].ConclusionHigher sUMOD is independently associated with a lower risk for mortality and CVD in older adults.
Vote budgets and Dodgson’s method of marks
Authors: Bossert Walter , Suzumura Kotaro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe examine voting rules that are inspired by Dodgson’s method of marks (to be distinguished from the procedure that is commonly referred to as Dodgson’s rule) by means of two criteria. Each voter decides how to allocate a vote budget (which is common to all voters, and need not be exhausted) to the candidates. Our first criterion is a richness condition: we demand that, for any possible preference ordering a voter may have, there is a feasible allocation of votes that reflects these preferences. A (tight) lower bound on the vote budget is established. Adding a strategy-proofness condition as a second criterion, we recommend that the vote budget be given by the lower bound determined in our first result.
Individual-Specific fMRI-Subspaces Improve Functional Connectivity Prediction of Behavior
Authors: Kashyap Rajan , Kong Ru , Bhattacharjee Sagarika , Li Jingwei , Zhou Juan , Yeo Thomas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is significant interest in using resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to predict human behavior. Good behavioral prediction should in theory require RSFC to be sufficiently distinct across participants; if RSFC were the same across participants, then behavioral prediction would obviously be poor. Therefore, we hypothesize that removing common resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) signals that are shared across participants would improve behavioral prediction. Here, we considered 803 participants from the human connectome project (HCP) with four rs-fMRI runs. We applied the common and orthogonal basis extraction (COBE) technique to decompose each HCP run into two subspaces: a common (group-level) subspace shared across all participants and a subject-specific subspace. We found that the first common COBE component of the first HCP run was localized to the visual cortex and was unique to the run. On the other hand, the second common COBE component of the first HCP run and the first common COBE component of the remaining HCP runs were highly similar and localized to regions within the default network, including the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. Overall, this suggests the presence of run-specific (state-specific) effects that were shared across participants. By removing the first and second common COBE components from the first HCP run, and the first common COBE component from the remaining HCP runs, the resulting RSFC improves behavioral prediction by an average of 11.7% across 58 behavioral measures spanning cognition, emotion and personality.HighlightsWe decomposed rs-fMRI signals into common subspace & individual-specific subspaceCommon subspace is shared across all Human Connectome Project (HCP) participantsCommon subspaces are different across runs, suggesting state-specific effectsIndividual-specific subspaces are unique to individualsRemoval of common subspace signals improve behavioral prediction by 11.7%