bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methodism and the Church
Authors: Chapman David M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis chapter examines the nature of the church in Methodist experience and practice from the origins of Methodism as a network of religious societies in the eighteenth century to its present day self-understanding as a global communion of churches. The article discusses: (1) the Wesleyan foundations of Methodist ecclesiology; (2) methods, sources, and norms in Methodist theological reflection on the church; (3) how Methodists interpret the credal marks of the church; (4) the ordained ministry; and (5) the means of grace and authority. A concluding section considers the future agenda for ecclesiology as a branch of practical theology in Methodism. Confident in its providential mission to spread scriptural holiness and ecumenical in outlook, Methodism remains in essence a holiness movement in search of its true ecclesial location in the Holy Catholic Church.
Roman Catholic Ecclesiology from the Council of Trent to Vatican II and Beyond
Authors: Rush Ormond 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor 400 years after the Council of Trent, a juridical model of the church dominated Roman Catholicism. Shifts towards a broader ecclesiology began to emerge in the nineteenth century. Despite the attempts to repress any deviations from the official theology after the crisis of Roman Catholic Modernism in the early twentieth century, various renewal movements, known as ressourcement, in the decades between the world wars brought forth a period of rich ecclesiological research, with emphasis given to notions such as the Mystical Body, the People of God, the church as mystery, as sacrament, and as communio. The Second Vatican Council incorporated many of these developments into its vision for renewal and reform of the Roman Catholic Church. Over half a century after Vatican II, a new phase in its reception is emerging with the pontificate of Pope Francis.
Rowan Williams
Authors: Higton Mike 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRowan Williams’s ecclesiology is shaped by his account of the spiritual life. He examines the transformation of human beings’ relationships to one another, driven by their encounter with God’s utterly gracious love in Jesus Christ. The church is the community of forgiven people generated by Christ’s resurrection. It is animated by its constant exposure to God’s love in Christ in word and sacrament. It is held to that exposure by its doctrinal discipline. It is a community in which members go on learning from one another how to go more deeply into that exposure. For Williams, the church’s commitment to unity and its commitment to truth go together: truth cannot be discovered without holding together in unity to learn from one another; and proper ecclesial unity is unity in this search for truth.
The Eastern Orthodox Tradition
Authors: Louth Andrew 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter on Eastern Orthodox ecclesiology consists of three parts. The first section discusses the fundamental theological understanding of the church as the Body of Christ, the Bride of the Lamb slain before the foundation of the world. The second section looks at the four notes of the church, which characterize the church as it exists in the world: unity, holiness, catholicity, and apostolicity. The third section, ‘The Church in the World’, is concerned with practical issues of ecclesiology: the relation of church and society, Eucharistic ecclesiology, and modern problems.
Yves Congar
Authors: Flynn Gabriel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter provides an interpretative framework for understanding the ecclesiology of Yves Congar, one of the leading architects of ressourcement and communion ecclesiology in modern Roman Catholic theology. It examines how his comprehensive theology of the church, synthesized in the notion of a ‘total ecclesiology’, was formulated in response to particular problems of the time. The section ‘Return to the Sources’ reconstructs his vision of the church, which shows that a renewed ecclesiology forms an essential theological basis for church renewal. ‘The Vision of the Church in Congar’s Theology’ investigates the shape of the renewed church, with particular attention to the principal means proposed by Congar for its renewal. ‘The Shape of the Church in Congar’s Theology’ assesses his idea of true reform, based on the recognition of the indefectibility of the church’s visible institution and faithful adherence to its tradition.
John Zizioulas
Authors: McPartlan Paul 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The chapter explores three deeply interlinked aspects of John Zizioulas’s highly influential ecclesiology: the relationship between the church and the Trinity; the relationship between the church and the Eucharist; and finally the consequences of those relationships for the structure of the church. The church is a communion through its participation in the life of the Trinity. In Christ and by the power of the Holy Spirit, it receives and re-receives the gift of communion in every Eucharist, and communion has a shape that reflects the life of God. The Trinity is centred on the Father, and so in the church at various levels the communion of the many is centred on one who is the head. This is the purely theological reason why the synodality of the church requires primacy at the local, regional, and universal levels. The chapter concludes that, while prompting many questions and needing further development, Zizioulas’s proposal has great ecumenical value.
Northern Greece and the Central Balkans
Authors: Gimatzidis Stefanos 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter deals with the cultural and social history of an area encompassing ancient Epirus, Illyria, Macedonia, and Thrace. In the past, these historical landscapes were usually perceived as cultural or ethnic entities, and were used as arguments for past and modern ethnogenesis in the Balkans. The material culture of single micro-regions shows that these landscapes are culturally neither homogeneous nor consistent, and instead show an impressive diversity in settlement patterns, mortuary ideology, and other cultural attributes. Indeed, cultural affinities between micro-regions of different historical landscapes further challenge perceptions of ethnicity and other forms of social identity as reflecting cultural variability. Conceptualization of northern Greece and the central Balkans as a buffer zone between the Aegean world and continental Europe is another bias that reduces local social agents to recipients of cultural innovation from north and especially south, and overlooks the dynamic processes inherent in local social transformations.
Helicobacter pylori‐induced miR‐135b‐5p promotes cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer
Authors: Shao Linlin , Chen Zheng , Soutto Mohammed , Zhu Shoumin , Lu Heng , Romero-Gallo Judith , Peek Richard , Zhang Shutian , El-Rifai Wael 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori infection is a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Aberrant expression of microRNAs is strongly implicated in gastric tumorigenesis; however, their contribution in response to H. pylori infection has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the expression of miR‐135b‐5p and its role in gastric cancer. We describe the overexpression of miR‐135b‐5p in human gastric cancer tissue samples compared with normal tissue samples. Furthermore, we found that miR‐135b‐5p is also up‐regulated in gastric tumors from the trefoil factor 1‐knockout mouse model. Infection with H. pylori induced the expression of miR‐135b‐5p in the in vitro and in vivo models. miR‐135b‐5p induction was mediated by NF‐κB. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with TNF‐α induced miR‐135b‐5p in a NF‐κB–dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that miR‐135b‐5p targets Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) and binds to its 3′ UTR, leading to reduced KLF4 expression. Functionally, high levels of miR‐135b‐5p suppress apoptosis and induce cisplatin resistance. Our results uncovered a mechanistic link between H. pylori infection and miR‐135b‐5p‐KLF4, suggesting that targeting miR‐135b‐5p could be a potential therapeutic approach to circumvent resistance to cisplatin.—Shao, L., Chen, Z., Soutto, M., Zhu, S., Lu, H., Romero‐Gallo, J., Peek, R., Zhang, S., El‐Rifai, W. Helicobacter pylori‐induced miR‐135b‐5p promotes cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer. FASEB J. 33, 264–274 (2019). www.fasebj.org
High‐depth transcriptomic profiling reveals the temporal gene signature of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis
Authors: Huynh Nguyen P. T. , Zhang Bo , Guilak Farshid 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) provide an attractive cell source for cartilage repair and cell therapy; however, the underlying molecular pathways that drive chondrogenesis of these populations of adult stem cells remain poorly understood. We generated a rich data set of high‐throughput RNA sequencing of human MSCs throughout chondrogenesis at 6 different time points. Our data consisted of 18 libraries with 3 individual donors as biologic replicates, with each library possessing a sequencing depth of 100 million reads. Computational analyses with differential gene expression, gene ontology, and weighted gene correlation network analysis identified dynamic changes in multiple biologic pathways and, most importantly, a chondrogenic gene subset, whose functional characterization promises to further harness the potential of MSCs for cartilage tissue engineering. Furthermore, we created a graphic user interface encyclopedia built with the goal of producing an open resource of transcriptomic regulation for additional data mining and pathway analysis of the process of MSC chondrogenesis.—Huynh, N. P. T., Zhang, B., Guilak, F. High‐depth transcriptomic profiling reveals the temporal gene signature of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis. FASEB J. 33, 358–372 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Factors Associated With Informative Redraw After an Initial No Result in Noninvasive Prenatal Testing
Authors: Benn Peter , Valenti Elizabeth , Shah Shailen , Martin Kimberly , Demko Zachary 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE:
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) sometimes fails to provide a test result, usually as a result of low cell-free DNA fetal fraction. We investigated how initial fetal fraction, maternal weight, gestational age, and time between blood sampling contribute to obtaining an informative result when a redraw is performed.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective data review of NIPT samples received between January and October 2016 by a commercial laboratory, where the initial blood draw did not yield a result and a second sample was drawn between 5 and 28 days after the initial sampling. We included cases with fetal fraction less than 2.8% (the threshold for “no result” in this laboratory) and those with higher fetal fraction but where the NIPT results could not be interpreted with high confidence.

RESULTS:
For 4,018 cases in which a redraw was recommended, a result was obtained for the second sample in 2,835 cases (70.6%) (95% CI 69.1–72.0%). For the 2,959 cases with insufficient fetal fraction, there was a result for the second sample in 1,861 cases (62.9%) (95% CI 61.1–64.6%). For this subset, the average increase in fetal fraction was 1.2% with an average interval between draws of 14 days. Informative redraw rate was strongly dependent on maternal weight and fetal fraction measured at the first draw. Gestational age was not an important determinant. Informative redraw rate increased rapidly over the first 8 days after the initial draw and more slowly thereafter.

CONCLUSION:
Based on fetal fraction in the initial sample, maternal weight, and interval between blood draws, women can be provided with a personalized estimate of their likelihood of a result on redraw. This should aid in the counseling of women faced with the choice of reattempting NIPT, conventional screening, or an invasive diagnostic test.
Association of Patient Race With Surgical Practice and Perioperative Morbidity After Myomectomy
Authors: Stentz Natalie C. , Cooney Laura G. , Sammel Mary D. , Shah Divya K. 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To compare surgical approach, operative time, and perioperative morbidity after myomectomy by patient race.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study, data were abstracted from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database on 8,438 women undergoing myomectomy between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2015. Myoma burden and approach to myomectomy were determined based on Current Procedural Terminology coding. Surgical approach and perioperative morbidity were examined in African American, Asian American, and Hispanic American women using non-Hispanic Caucasian women as the referent population. Adjusted means and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were calculated using propensity score matching accounting for age, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), myoma burden, preoperative anemia, hypertension, smoking, and operative time.

RESULTS:
Data were available for 2,533 Caucasian, 3,359 African American, 664 Asian American, and 700 Hispanic American women. Smoking, BMI, hypertension, myoma burden, and anemia varied by race (P<.001, all comparisons). In adjusted analysis, African American women were twice as likely to undergo abdominal myomectomy (adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.7–2.0), Asian American women were more than twice as likely (adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.8–2.8), and Hispanic American women were 50% more likely to undergo abdominal myomectomy (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.9) when compared with Caucasian women. African American women were 50% more likely to experience composite morbidity after abdominal myomectomy (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.7) and Asian American women were more than three times as likely to experience composite morbidity after laparoscopic myomectomy (adjusted OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.7–8.1) compared with Caucasian women. There were no differences in composite morbidity in other racial groups.

CONCLUSION:
Minority women are substantially more likely to undergo abdominal myomectomy when compared with Caucasian women. African American women had 50% increased odds of morbidity after abdominal myomectomy, and Asian American women were more than three times as likely to experience morbidity after laparoscopic myomectomy. Further examination into the etiology and prevention of these racial disparities is needed.
Modification of the Melbourne Method for Total Calvarial Vault Remodeling
Authors: Hughes Christopher D. , Isaac Kathryn V. , Hwang Paul F. , Ganske Ingrid , Proctor Mark R. , Meara John G. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Sagittal synostosis is the most common form of single suture synostosis. It often results in characteristic calvarial deformities, including a long, narrow head, frontal bossing, a bullet-shaped occiput, and an anteriorly placed vertex. Several methods for correcting the phenotypic deformities have been described, each with their own advantages and challenges. In this study, we describe a modification of the Melbourne method of total calvarial remodeling for correcting scaphocephaly.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of all consecutive patients who underwent total calvarial remodeling using a modified version of the Melbourne technique from 2011 to 2015. We evaluated clinical photographs, computed tomographic imaging, and cephalic indices both pre- and postoperatively to determine morphologic changes after operation.

Results:
A total of 9 patients underwent the modified Melbourne technique for calvarial vault remodeling during the study period. Intraoperative blood loss was 260 mL (range, 80–400 mL), and mean intraoperative transfusion was 232 mL (range, 0–360 mL). The average length of stay in the hospital was 3.9 days. The mean cephalic indices increased from 0.66 to 0.74 postoperatively (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
A modified Melbourne method for calvarial vault reconstruction addresses the phenotypic aspects of severe scaphocephaly associated with isolated sagittal synostosis and maintains a homeotopic relationship across the calvaria. It is associated with shorter operative times, lower blood loss, and lower transfusion requirements.
Experiential Learning Enhances Physical Therapist Student Confidence in Management of Neurologically Involved Adults and Children
Authors: Barta Kristen , Flores Megan , Edwards Anna 
Published: July 2018

Introduction.
Clinical experiences are an integral part of professional physical therapist (PT) education programs. Hands-on engagement helps foster the critical thinking skills necessary to successfully navigate the complexity of clinical practice during a PT student's final clinical internships. As PT students advance through an entry-level professional program, their clinical decision-making skills improve; however, they lack self-confidence in working with both adult and pediatric patients presenting with neurological impairments. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of experiential learning using community volunteers (both adults and children) with activity and participation restrictions as a result of neurological insult or developmental delay on PT student perceived self-confidence.

Methods.
A convenience sample of 128 students currently enrolled in a PT education program were recruited. A pretest–posttest survey assessed the students' self-perceived confidence in the evaluation and treatment of a neurologically involved individual across the lifespan. The students completed 4 weeks of experiential learning with one adult and one pediatric community volunteer with a neurological condition in small groups. The four sessions included an initial evaluation, two treatment sessions and one discharge reassessment. An exploratory factor analysis was completed to validate the tool and to determine the factors that make up the survey. Qualitative data (open-ended questions) were analyzed using a grounded theory approach.

Results.
On average, students reported more self-perceived confidence in the posttest survey than in the pretest survey. This difference was significant t(127) = −13.841, P < .001.

Conclusion.
Students expressed that more exposure and increased time spent with neurologically involved adults and children could improve their confidence. This study supports the use of experiential learning in PT education programs.
Maximizing Exposure of the Internal Auditory Canal Via the Retrosigmoid Approach: An Anatomical, Radiological, and Surgical Study
Authors: Cueva Roberto A. , Chole Richard A. 
Published: July 2018

Objective:The purpose of this study was to identify anatomic landmarks and surgical techniques that maximize bone removal for exposure of the distal internal auditory canal (IAC) to avoid labyrinthine injury during retrosigmoid removal of tumors within the IAC.Study Design:Anatomic dissection, radiological assessment and retrospective case series.Setting:Tertiary referral center.Methods:On the basis of previously conducted temporal bone anatomic dissections of the temporal bone, the authors performed intraoperative measurement of the undissected distal IAC, performed pre- and postoperative radiological assessment of vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients. The surgical and anatomic information was used to determine the anatomic limits of labyrinth sparing bone dissection and the landmarks most critical to maximal IAC exposure. The authors describe surgical techniques using these data. An edited video of representative surgery highlights important principles. Review of 251 patients requiring IAC bony dissection for tumor removal from January 2005 through October 2017 is described.Results:Achieving complete exposure of the IAC fundus is not possible, without labyrinthine injury, via retrosigmoid approach. Anatomic dissection, intraoperative photography, and postoperative radiographs demonstrate that bone removal within 2 to 3 mm of the fundus is routinely possible. The endolymphatic sac and duct is the optimal landmark for optimizing IAC exposure.Conclusion:The course of the endolymphatic sac and duct in the posterior petrous bone is the most important landmark determining the lateral limit of bony removal during IAC exposure for tumor resection. Surgical techniques based on these anatomic findings facilitate tumor resection while preserving the labyrinth.
Validation of Posturographic Measurements in Adolescents
Authors: Christensen Ida Kolind , Deilami Seyedeh Shadi Javadian , Amiri Sahar , Nissen Monika Holm , Devantier Louise , Ovesen Therese 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
The objectives of the present study were to validate the test–retest reliability of static posturography in healthy adolescents aged 13 to 16 years, to identify the most reliable and least variable measurements.

Patients:
Thirty-two healthy pupils from Skåde Skole participated in this study.

Intervention:
Static posturography.

Outcome Measures:
Subjects were tested for 32 seconds in eight trials (eyes open/eyes closed, on stable ground/foam pads, head neutral/head turned) by using a Tetrax platform. Testing included two rounds of trials and postural regulation was assessed by measuring sway during the eight trials.

Results:
We found statistically significant lower sway scores during round two in position NO; a similar trend was seen for position NC, PO, HR, HL, and HB, but was not statistically significant. For position PC and HF an increase was seen, but not statistically significant.

Conclusion:
The most reliable and least variable measurements include position NO, NC, PO, and PC. Influence of all three systems involved in maintaining balance is tested in these positions. Static posturography can easily be implemented in a clinical setting as the equipment does not take up much space and is easy to use and instruct the test subjects about. Finally, the costs related to the static posturography are considerably lower compared with dynamic posturography equipment. However, static posturography might not be challenging enough when testing athletic individuals.
Risk of Diffuse Infiltrative Lymphocytosis Syndrome in HIV-Infected Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Marcelo , Yen Yung-Feng , Lan Yu-Ching , Jen I-An , Chuang Pei-Hung , Lee Chun-Yuan , Lee Yun , Lin Yu-An , Arthur Chen Yi-Ming 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) is the term used for sicca syndrome in HIV patients and has similar clinical manifestations as Sjögren syndrome. In this nationwide population-based study, we aimed to determine the association between HIV infection and DILS in the Taiwanese population.

Methods:
The National Health Insurance Research Database was searched for cases of DILS in HIV-infected individuals diagnosed between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2012. The incidence of DILS and the factors associated with DILS in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) were determined.

Results:
A total of 20,364 PLWHA were followed, and 57 (0.28%) individuals had new-onset DILS. The incidence rate of DILS in PLWHA was 0.56/1000 person-years. One (0.11%) female HIV patient with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 24 (2.99%) without HAART had incident DILS, whereas 22 (0.17%) male HIV patients with HAART and 10 (0.17%) without HAART had incident DILS. Hypertension increased the risk of incident DILS. HAART decreased the risk of DILS, but this relationship somewhat attenuated in an adjusted model. None of the patients taking emtricitabine, raltegravir, darunavir, enfuvirtide, or tipranavir developed DILS. Lopinavir was associated with a decreased risk of DILS (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.10, 95% confidence interval: 0.01 to 0.84), whereas zalcitabine was associated with an increased risk of DILS (adjusted hazard ratio = 13.7, 95% confidence interval: 2.18 to 85.9).

Conclusions:
DILS is a rare disease found in PLWHA. Hypertension is a risk factor for incident DILS, and HAART could affect the pathogenesis of DILS. Zalcitabine was the only antiretroviral agent found to increase the risk of DILS.