bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two new species ofArthoniaceaefrom old-growth European forests,Arthonia thorianaandInoderma sorediatum, and a new genus forSchismatomma niveum
Authors: ERTZ Damien , SANDERSON Neil , ŁUBEK Anna , KUKWA Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo new species ofArthoniaceaeare described from old-growth European forests:Arthonia thorianafrom Horner Combe in Great Britain andInoderma sorediatumfrom the Białowieża Forest in Poland. Phylogenetic analyses using mtSSU sequences were used to determine the generic affiliation of the two species.Arthonia thorianais characterized by a non-lichenized white thallus, pallid brown, white pruinose ascomata of 0·12–0·30 mm diam., richly anastomosing paraphysoids and (1–2–)3-septate ascospores of 9–12×3·0–3·5 µm.Inoderma sorediatumdiffers from all other species of the genus by a sorediate thallus and the production of confluentic acid. It is the sister species toI. afromontanumin our phylogenetic analyses. The discovery of the new species supports the high value of these forests for biodiversity action plans. Phylogenetic analyses also placeSchismatomma niveumin theArthoniaceaeand the new genusSnippociais described to accommodate it. The genusLepranthais resurrected for its type species (L. cinereopruinosa). A lectotype is designated forArthonia pruinosella.
The British endemic Enterographa sorediata is the widespread Syncesia myrticola (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales)
Authors: ERTZ Damien , COPPINS Brian J. , SANDERSON Neil A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEnterographa sorediata is a corticolous, crustose lichen endemic to the southern part of Great Britain where it is confined to old-growth woodlands. This lichen is rarely fertile and mainly characterized by a sorediate thallus producing protocetraric acid. However, phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU, RPB2 and nuITS sequences suggest that E. sorediata belongs to the genus Syncesia and is conspecific with S. myrticola. This is corroborated by the chemistry and the recent observation of a thallus with both fully developed S. myrticola-like apothecia and soralia. This provides further evidence of the difficulties involved in correctly placing sorediate sterile morphs of crustose lichens into particular genera without using molecular data. An updated distribution map of S. myrticola for Great Britain and Ireland is provided, showing that the sorediate morph extends more inland whereas the fertile morph is more coastal.
Reduced immunity to measles in adults with major depressive disorder
Authors: Ford Bart N. , Yolken Robert H. , Dickerson Faith B. , Teague T. Kent , Irwin Michael R. , Paulus Martin P. , Savitz Jonathan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundDepression can impair the immunogenicity of vaccine administration in adults. Whereas many vaccinations are administered in childhood, it is not known whether adolescent or adult onset depression is associated with impairments in the maintenance of protection of childhood vaccines. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals with adolescent or adult onset mood disorders would display compromised immunity to measles, a target of childhood vaccination.MethodsIgG antibodies to measles were quantified using a solid phase immunoassay in volunteers with bipolar disorder (BD, n = 64, mean age of onset = 16.6 ± 5.6), currently depressed individuals with major depressive disorder (cMDD, n = 85, mean age of onset = 17.9 ± 7.0), remitted individuals with a history of MDD (rMDD, n = 82, mean age of onset = 19.2 ± 8.6), and non-depressed comparison controls (HC, n = 202), all born after the introduction of the measles vaccine in the USA in 1963.ResultsRelative to HC, both the cMDD group (p = 0.021, adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 0.47, confidence interval (CI) = 0.24–0.90), and the rMDD group (p = 0.038, adjusted OR = 0.50, CI = 0.26–0.97) were less likely to test seropositive for measles. Compared with unmedicated MDD participants, currently medicated MDD participants had a longer lifetime duration of illness and were less likely to test seropositive for measles.ConclusionsIndividuals with adolescent or adult onset MDD are less likely to test seropositive for measles. Because lower IgG titers are associated with increased risk of measles infection, MDD may increase the risk and severity of infection possibly because of impaired maintenance of vaccine-related protection from measles.
The evil-god challenge: extended and defended
Authors: COLLINS JOHN M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStephen Law developed a challenge to theism, known as the evil-god challenge (Law (2010) ). The evil-god challenge to theism is to explain why the theist's responses to the problem of evil are any better than the diabolist's – who believes in a supremely evil god – rejoinders to the problem of good, when all the theist's ploys (theodicy, sceptical theism, etc.) can be parodied by the diabolist.In the first part of this article, I extend the evil-god challenge by showing that additional theist replies to the problem of evil (more theodicies, the privation view of evil, and others) also may be appropriated, with just as much plausibility, in support of the diabolist position. In the second part of the article, I defend the evil-god challenge against several objections.
Omni-beauty as a divine attribute
Authors: ROBSON JON 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe claim that God is perfectly beautiful has played a key role within the history of a number of religious traditions. However, this view has received surprisingly little attention from philosophers of religion in recent decades. In this article I aim to remedy this neglect by addressing some key philosophical issues surrounding the doctrine of divine beauty. I begin by considering how best to explicate the claim that God is perfectly beautiful before moving on to ask what consequences accepting this claim will have for our broader theorizing in philosophy.
At the Limits of Cultural Heritage Rights? The Glasgow Bajuni Campaign and the UK Immigration System: A Case Study
Authors: Hill Emma C. , Craith Máiréad Nic , Clopot Cristina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:In 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (UNESCO ICH Convention) formalized provision for forms of heritage not solely rooted in the material world. This expanded the scope and accessibility of cultural heritage rights for communities and groups. To much commentary and critique, the United Kingdom (UK) infamously decided not to ratify the UNESCO ICH Convention. This article examines the implications of the UK’s decision not to ratify the Convention for the cultural heritage and human rights of an asylum-seeking group in Glasgow, Scotland, namely, the Glasgow Bajuni campaigners, members of a minority Somali clan. Based on participatory ethnographic fieldwork with the group and analysis of their asylum cases, this article makes two observations: first, that the UK’s absence from the Convention establishes a precedent in which other state actors (that is, immigration authorities) are emboldened to advance skepticism over matters involving intangible cultural heritage and, second, that despite this, limitations in current provisions in the UNESCO ICH Convention would provide the group with little additional protection than they currently have. Developing these observations, we critique current UK approaches to intangible cultural heritage as complicit in the maintenance of hierarchies and the border. Finally, we consider the extent to which the current provisions of the UNESCO ICH Convention might be improved to include migrant and asylum-seeking groups.
Saving Hasankeyf: Limits and Possibilities of International Human Rights Law
Authors: Aykan Bahar 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:This article explores the limits and possibilities of international human rights law in protecting cultural heritage from state-led destruction. It does so by focusing on two attempts by activists and non-governmental organizations to have the United Nations and the Council of Europe intervene to save the ancient city of Hasankeyf in Turkey’s southeast region, which will soon be flooded by the reservoir waters of the Ilısu Dam. Adopting a heritage rights focus, these grassroots initiatives have argued that Hasankeyf’s destruction would constitute a violation of human rights because it would deprive people of their right to participate in, and benefit from, cultural heritage. I suggest that, as powerful attempts to link cultural heritage and human rights, these cases demonstrate the need for more effective and legally binding international frameworks to protect heritage rights as an aspect of human rights.
Conversations with Sir John Hamilton Baker QC: Aspects of Resolving the Legal History of the Common Law
Authors: Dingle Lesley 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProfessor Sir John Baker was born in Sheffield in April 1944 towards the end of the Second World War. His path into legal history was via the Edward VI Grammar School in Chelmsford, and University College London (UCL) in the early 1960s. It was his good fortune that lecturing arrangements still in place at UCL as a wartime legacy caused him to fall under the inspirational guidance of Professor Toby Milsom at LSE for his legal history tuition. By the time John Baker moved to Cambridge in 1971 he had been called to the Bar at the Inner Temple, and his interest in the development of the common law in the late mediaeval/early Tudor period was firmly grounded. The next forty years were spent at Cambridge, where he established an enviable reputation as an innovative and meticulous scholar, whose publications output has become legendary. He retired from the Downing Chair of the Laws of England in 2011, and was knighted for his services to legal history in 2003. This article by Lesley Dingle attempts to highlight some aspects of Professor Baker's illustrious career, and should be read in conjunction with his entry in the Cambridge Eminent Scholars Archive, both of which are based on interviews that she conducted with Sir John in the Law Faculty in February-March 2017.
Data Protection in UK Library and Information Services: Are We Ready for GDPR?
Authors: Bailey Josephine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAgainst a backdrop of increasing data security and privacy concerns, current data protection law will soon be overhauled by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Previous research has indicated a lack of data protection management in libraries, however, it has been nine years since the latest study. This article by Josephine Bailey aims to provide an updated review of the extent of data protection management in UK library and information services and gauge preparation for the incoming GDPR.
Berufliche Weiterbildung älterer Beschäftigter
Authors: Schmid Linda , Pfetsch Jan 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung. Die berufliche Weiterbildungsaktivität sichert und erweitert berufliche Kenntnisse und Kompetenzen, allerdings sinkt die Teilnahmequote an beruflichen Weiterbildungen mit zunehmendem Lebensalter. Angesichts des demographischen Wandels und der alternden Erwerbsbevölkerung analysiert die vorliegende Studie daher – in Anlehnung an die Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens – individuelle (Einstellung, subjektive Norm, wahrgenommene Verhaltenskontrolle), angebotsbezogene (Weiterbildungsdidaktik) und organisationale Faktoren (lernförderliche Unternehmenskultur) der Weiterbildungsintention von älteren Erwerbstätigen. An einer schriftlichen Befragung nahmen N = 161 Beschäftigte eines deutschen Energieunternehmens teil, die älter als 45 Jahre waren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass neben der persönlichen Einstellung gegenüber beruflicher Weiterbildung als stärkstem Prädiktor, das soziale Arbeitsumfeld, die wahrgenommene Verhaltenskontrolle und eine lernförderliche Unternehmenskultur bedeutend für die Weiterbildungsintention älterer Lernender sind. Während eine spezifische Didaktik von Weiterbildungsangeboten für ältere Erwerbstätige unbedeutend erscheint, haben besonders die persönliche Einstellung sowie eine lernförderliche Unternehmenskultur ein großes Potential für die Förderung von Weiterbildungsaktivitäten von älteren Beschäftigten.
Genetic and Functional Characterization of ADAMTS13 Variants in a Patient Cohort with Upshaw–Schulman Syndrome Investigated in Germany
Authors: Obser Tobias , Bode Julia , Oyen Florian , Budde Ulrich , Schneppenheim Sonja , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Brehm Maria , Hassenpflug Wolf 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUpshaw–Schulman syndrome (USS) is caused by severe ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) deficiency due to homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ADAMTS13 gene. Previous studies suggest three possible disease mechanisms: (1) reduced secretion of ADAMTS13 variants, (2) impaired proteolytic activity, (3) defective biosynthesis due to nonsense-mediated decay. Expression studies have failed to establish a clear genotype/phenotype correlation that could explain the significant variability in the age of onset and patients' clinical courses. In this study, we investigated ADAMTS13 sequence variations in 30 USS patients and identified 31 disease-causing mutations; among them 10 novel variants. While none of the recombinant proteins exhibited significant retention in the endoplasmic reticulum, secretion and activity analysis revealed defective release for all but one missense mutant. The latter exhibited normal secretion but impaired activity due to inactivation of the catalytic domain. Truncated mutants showed secretion and residual activity even though the patients suffered from a severe phenotype. The expression systems which we used may not be appropriate here, as they do not assess nonsense-mediated decay causing degradation of mRNA. In some patients, phenotypic severity could be explained by the combined effects of two mutations. Genetic screening in combination with in vitro characterization of ADAMTS13 variants from both alleles is a valuable tool to predict the phenotypic severity of USS. When necessary, supplementary methods, such as kinetics under flow conditions and mRNA processing assays, can be included. Such data are helpful to identify patients who are at high risk for severe attacks and therefore might benefit from prophylactic treatment.
Atemwegsmanagement in der Thoraxanästhesie mit dem Doppellumentubus
Authors: Loop Torsten , Spaeth Johannes 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Seitentrennung der Lungen mit konsekutiver Ein-Lungen-Ventilation ist der zentrale Bestandteil des Atemwegsmanagements in der Thoraxanästhesie. Das Indikationsspektrum umfasst dabei die thoraxchirurgischen und prozedurbezogenen Notwendigkeiten wie auch die patientenspezifischen Faktoren. Von der Vielzahl der technischen Möglichkeiten der Separation der Lungenflügel bleiben routinemäßig nur die Anwendung des Doppellumentubus oder des Bronchusblockers übrig. Die ausgewiesene Kenntnis der tracheobronchialen Anatomie bis zur Segmentebene durch den Anästhesisten ist ebenso notwendig wie der standardmäßige Einsatz einer flexiblen Fiberoptik. Diese Arbeit gibt grundlegende Empfehlungen für die klinische Routine, stellt eine Übersicht zum derzeitigen Stellenwert im Atemwegsmanagement in der Thoraxanästhesie mit dem Doppellumentubus dar und berücksichtigt kontroverse Diskussionen zu Größe und Design.
Rolle der Vitamine im Alter – Evidenz und praktische
Umsetzung
Authors: Weber Peter 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Anstieg der Lebenserwartung ist ein globaler Trend, der gerade in den
Industrieländern in den letzten Jahrzehnten sehr deutlich zulegte. Auch
Deutschland ist davon nicht ausgenommen: Nach jüngsten Schätzungen des
Statistischen Bundesamtes Wiesbaden wird erwartet, dass der Anteil der über
65-Jährigen von ca. 13 % in 2013 auf ca. 33 % in 2016 angestiegen sein wird
1. Dies ist natürlich eine sehr
erfreuliche Entwicklung, die aber auch mit einer Reihe von Herausforderungen
einhergeht. Davon ist auch die Ernährung betroffen.
Aktuelle Bewertung von Homocystein als Risikofaktor für
Demenz
Authors: Obeid Rima 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungMit zunehmendem Lebensalter steigen die Homocysteinwerte im Blutplasma,
unter anderem bedingt durch einen Mangel an B-Vitaminen wie Folat und den
Vitaminen B6 und B12. In jüngeren Studien erwies sich die
Homocysteinämie als ein modifizierbarer Risikofaktor für Demenz. Eine Senkung
des Plasma-Homocysteins bei Patienten mit leichter kognitiver Dysfunktion und
mehr als 14 µmol/l Gesamthomocystein könnte eventuell den kognitiven
Leistungsabbau bremsen.
Dimeric sorting code for concentrative cargo selection by the COPII coat
Authors: Nie Chao , Wang Huimin , Wang Rui , Ginsburg David , Chen Xiao-Wei 
Published: March 2018

Significance
One-third of the mammalian genome encodes proteins that are transported by the secretory pathway. Coat protein complexes such as COPII generate carrier vesicles and recruit cargos, orchestrated by cognate small GTPases as “molecular switches.” How coat complexes select specific cargos remains incompletely understood. Here we applied proximity-dependent biotinylation, fusing the promiscuous biotin ligase BirA* with the SAR1B GTPase, to track the dynamics of COPII-mediated export from the endoplasmic reticulum. LMAN1, a cargo receptor for COPII, is transiently enriched and released by the coat complex. The enrichment requires a dimeric sorting signal, formed by two copies of LMAN1. Hence, the COPII coat undergoes a dynamic engaging–disengaging cycle to select unique sets of secretory cargos.
Earliest isotopic evidence in the Maya region for animal management and long-distance trade at the site of Ceibal, Guatemala
Authors: Sharpe Ashley E. , Emery Kitty F. , Inomata Takeshi , Triadan Daniela , Kamenov George D. , Krigbaum John 
Published: March 2018

Significance
The nature of animal management in Mesoamerica is not as well understood compared with other state-level societies around the world. In this study, isotope analysis of animal remains from Ceibal, Guatemala, provides the earliest direct evidence of live animal trade and possible captive animal rearing in the Maya region. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes show that domesticated and possibly even wild animals were raised in or around Ceibal and were deposited in the ceremonial core. Strontium isotope analysis reveals the Maya brought dogs to Ceibal from the distant Guatemalan highlands. The possible ceremonial contexts of these captive-reared and imported taxa suggests animal management played an important role in the symbolic development of political power.
Facial color is an efficient mechanism to visually transmit emotion
Authors: Benitez-Quiroz Carlos F. , Srinivasan Ramprakash , Martinez Aleix M. 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Emotions correspond to the execution of a number of computations by the central nervous system. Previous research has studied the hypothesis that some of these computations yield visually identifiable facial muscle movements. Here, we study the supplemental hypothesis that some of these computations yield facial blood flow changes unique to the category and valence of each emotion. These blood flow changes are visible as specific facial color patterns to observers, who can then successfully decode the emotion. We present converging computational and behavioral evidence in favor of this hypothesis. Our studies demonstrate that people identify the correct emotion category and valence from these facial colors, even in the absence of any facial muscle movement.
Subdiffusive and superdiffusive transport in plane steady viscous flows
Authors: Zaks Michael A. , Nepomnyashchy Alexander 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Anomalous transport is usually regarded as a manifestation of a spatiotemporal disorder. We predict a persistent anomalous dispersion of tracers in time-independent spatially periodic viscous flows, in the absence of either a Lagrangian chaos or a Brownian motion. The origin of transport anomalies is the slowdown near stagnation points and solid surfaces, responsible for singularities of the particle passage time. Remarkably, both subdiffusive and superdiffusive dispersion of tracers can be achieved by an appropriate choice of the flow geometry.
Microscopic dynamics and failure precursors of a gel under mechanical load
Authors: Aime Stefano , Ramos Laurence , Cipelletti Luca 
Published: March 2018

Significance
The sudden, catastrophic failure of materials under a constant mechanical load is widespread, occurring from geological scales, as in earthquakes, to biological and soft-matter systems, as in protein, polymer, and colloidal gels. Failure is often preceded by a long induction time, with little if any macroscopic signs of weakening, making it unpredictable. Here, we investigate the failure of a model colloidal gel under a constant load, measuring simultaneously its mechanical response and microscopic dynamics. We show that the gel undergoes a burst of microscopic plastic rearrangements that largely precede failure, undetectable by monitoring conventional structural quantities. The notion of a dynamic precursor thus emerges as a powerful tool to understand and predict the sudden failure of solids.
Division-independent differentiation mandates proliferative competition among stem cells
Authors: Reilein Amy , Melamed David , Tavaré Simon , Kalderon Daniel 
Published: March 2018

SignificanceAdult stem cells support tissue maintenance throughout life, but they also can be cells of origin for cancer, allowing clonal expansion and long-term maintenance of the first oncogenic mutations. We considered how a mutation that increases the proliferation rate of a stem cell would affect the probability of its competitive survival and amplification for different potential organizations of stem cells. Quantitative modeling showed that the key characteristic predicting the impact of relative proliferation rate on competition is whether differentiation of a stem cell is coupled to its division. We then usedDrosophilafollicle stem cells to provide definitive experimental evidence for the general prediction that relative proliferation rates dictate stem cell competition specifically for stem cells that exhibit division-independent differentiation.
LHCSR1-dependent fluorescence quenching is mediated by excitation energy transfer from LHCII to photosystem I in
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Kosuge Kotaro , Tokutsu Ryutaro , Kim Eunchul , Akimoto Seiji , Yokono Makio , Ueno Yoshifumi , Minagawa Jun 
Published: March 2018

Significance
Unlike another effector protein for algal nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ)—LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEX II STRESS RELATED PROTEIN 3 (LHCSR3)—the role of LHCSR1 in NPQ has been very limited. In this report, we studied the fluorescence quenching event occurring in the presence and the absence of LHCSR1 and demonstrated that there is a significant excitation energy transfer from Light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) to Photosystem I (PSI), and not only to Photosystem II, upon activation of LHCSR1 by low pH. The results suggest another layer of photoprotection mechanism based on this UV-inducible protein LHCSR1.
Biofilm Lithography enables high-resolution cell patterning via optogenetic adhesin expression
Authors: Jin Xiaofan , Riedel-Kruse Ingmar H. 
Published: March 2018

SignificanceBacteria live in surface-attached communities known as biofilms, where spatial structure is tightly linked to community function. We have developed a genetically encoded biofilm patterning tool (“Biofilm Lithography”) by engineering bacteria such that the expression of membrane adhesion proteins responsible for surface attachment is optically regulated. Accordingly, these bacteria only form biofilm on illuminated surface regions. With this tool, we are able to use blue light to patternEscherichia colibiofilms with 25 μm spatial resolution. We present an accompanying biophysical model to understand the mechanism behind light-regulated biofilm formation and to provide insight on related natural biofilm processes. Overall, this biofilm patterning tool can be applied to study natural microbial communities as well as to engineer living biomaterials.