bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between alcohol access and alcohol‐attributable emergency department visits in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Chen Jarvis T. , Giesbrecht Norman , Rees Vaughan W. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and aimsThe availability of alcohol through retail outlets is associated with alcohol‐related harms, but few studies have demonstrated a causal relationship. We investigated the association between alcohol availability and alcohol‐attributable emergency department (ED) visits in the province of Ontario during a period of deregulation of controls on the number of alcohol outlets.DesignCross‐sectional and pre–post designSetting and participantsThe study used data from two time‐periods: pre‐deregulation (2013–14) and post‐deregulation (2016–17), to compare rates of ED visits for 513 defined geographic regions in Ontario Canada, called Forward Sortation Areas (FSAs).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was the age‐standardized rates of alcohol‐attributable ED visits. We compiled a list of all alcohol retail outlets in Ontario during 2014 and 2017 and matched them to their corresponding FSA. We fitted mixed‐effects Poisson regression models to assess: (a) the cross‐sectional association between number of outlets and hours of operation and ED visits; and (b) the impact of deregulation on ED visits using a difference‐in‐difference approach.FindingsAlcohol‐attributed ED visits increased 17.8% over the study period: more than twice the rate of increase for all ED visits. Increased hours of operation and numbers of alcohol outlets within an FSA were positively associated with higher rates of alcohol‐attributable ED visits. The increase in ED visits attributable to alcohol was 6% (incident rate ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.08) greater in FSAs that introduced alcohol sales in grocery stores following deregulation compared with FSAs that did not.ConclusionsDeregulation of alcohol sales in Ontario, Canada in 2015 was associated with increased emergency department visits attributable to alcohol.
“Human Nature” and the Biology of Everyday Life
Authors: Wolf‐Meyer Matthew 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAnthropologists are well poised to contribute to an immanent theory of human physiological experiences that accounts for the broad social and environmental influences that shape individual and community experiences of health and disease. This article forwards a theory of “the biology of everyday life” as a means to conceptualize the interactions between institutional expectations of behavior, cultural norms, and biological plasticity. Drawing on a wide variety of research on human sleep, this article shows how the expression of sleep needs vary within and between societies and are shaped primarily not by innate biological drives but cultural norms embedded in the institutions that comprise the infrastructure of everyday life. Embracing perspectives from laboratory scientists, social theorists, and ethnographers, the biology of everyday life offers a way to conceptualize human nature not as a set of drives but a supple interaction of physiological plasticity, cultural expectations, and social organization. [plasticity, social determinants of disease, epigenetics, sleep]
Toll‐like receptor 1 and 10 variations increase asthma risk and review highlights further research directions
Authors: Korppi Matti , Törmänen Sari 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThis paper summarises variations in the genes encoding toll‐like receptors (TLRs) in relation to the aetiology and outcome of infant bronchiolitis. It compares the literature with research carried out by our group.MethodsA mini review was conducted to provide context for a study carried out at the Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Finland. In 2000‐2004, 187 infants were hospitalised for bronchiolitis and then followed up: 129 at 1.5 years of age, 166 at 5–7 years of age and 138 at 11–13 years of age.ResultsThe review showed that the Finnish bronchiolitis study was the only prospective study on the association between TLRs and the emergence of childhood asthma or lung function reduction after bronchiolitis in infancy. It found that TLR1 and TLR10 variant genotypes were associated with more asthma at 5–7 and 11–13 years, with inconsistent results for the other eight TLR genes. Large population‐based studies were also identified that stressed the importance of the TLR2 subfamily members in childhood asthma.ConclusionOur study found that variations in the TLR1 and TLR10 genes increased the asthma risk after bronchiolitis. The mini review calls for further research on the TLR2 subfamily in bronchiolitis and childhood asthma.
Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of the novel β‐hCG derived immunomodulatory compound, EA‐230
Authors: van Groenendael Roger , Aarnoutse Rob , Kox Matthijs , van Eijk Lucas , Pickkers Peter 
Published: March 2019

AimsEA‐230 is a newly developed synthetic linear tetrapeptide (AQGV) derived from the chorionic gonadotropin hormone (β‐hCG). We investigated the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of EA‐230 in healthy subjects using different administration strategies.MethodsDouble‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, dose‐escalating phase I studies in healthy subjects using intravenous administration were conducted. In the single dosage study, 32 subjects were assigned to four single dosage groups (1, 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg). In the multiple dosage study, 24 subjects were assigned to three dosage groups (10, 20 or 30 mg/kg, thrice daily for 3 days). In the continuous dosage study, 24 subjects were assigned to three dosage groups (15, 30, or 90 mg/kg/hour for 2 hours). Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability assessments were performed up to 14 days.ResultsThe highest dosage of EA‐230 (continuous infusion of 90 mg/kg/hour for 2 hours) showed more than proportional increases in exposure (Cmax136%; AUC0‐last137%), a large volume of distribution (geometric mean and 95% CI: 13 [3–58] L/kg), a high clearance rate (26 [15–43] L/h/kg), and a short half‐life (0.35 [0.13–1.0] minutes). EA‐230 was well tolerated and no safety concerns were observed.ConclusionThese dose‐escalating phase I studies with different administration strategies reveal a pharmacokinetic profile of EA‐230 with a large volume of distribution and a short half‐life. Furthermore, EA‐230 was well tolerated and no safety issues emerged. These results have enabled further clinical development in a phase IIa trial assessing the pharmacodynamics of this compound during systemic inflammation described elsewhere in this issue.
Changing from the inside out? Examining relationships between overweight identification, dieting behaviours, and body measurements over time
Authors: Jones Janelle M. , Schönherr Deva M. , Zaitsoff Shannon , Pullmer Rachelle 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether changes in overweight identification were associated with dieting behaviours and body measurements over time.DesignLongitudinal study with assessments at three time points: before and twice during (i.e., baseline, 6 months, 12 months) a 1‐year self‐directed weight loss attempt.MethodEighty individuals with overweight or obesity (classified by BMI ≥ 25) reported their personal (i.e., I see myself as overweight), social (i.e., I identify/feel strong ties with other overweight people), and affective (i.e., I am pleased to be overweight) overweight identification; dieting behaviours (e.g., eat less, exercise, eat more fruit and vegetables); and had their body measurements taken (i.e., weight, height, body fat, waist circumference).ResultsLinear mixed modelling was used to examine between‐person differences and within‐person changes in overweight identification on dieting behaviours and body measurements over time. Between‐person differences mattered for measurements: Higher personal overweight identification was associated with higher BMI, body fat, and waist circumference over time. Higher social overweight identification was associated with higher BMI over time. Within‐person changes mattered for behaviours over time: At 12 months, decreases in social overweight identification were associated with increases in a subset of ‘Eat Less, Move More’ dieting behaviours, but not a subset of ‘Healthy’ dieting behaviours. At 12 months, decreases in affective overweight identification were also associated with increases in ‘Eat Less, Move More’ dieting behaviours.ConclusionAddressing different aspects of overweight identification and how they change over time, may harness an important psychological pathway to support behavioural change and health irrespective of weight loss.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Psychological factors, such as self‐concept clarity and weight stigma, are associated with dieting behaviours and body measurements.

Qualitative data suggest that identity change may be tied to dieting behaviours and weight loss.

What does this study add?

New insights into the nature of another psychological factor, overweight identification, among individuals with overweight and obesity attempting to lose weight.

The first quantitative evidence that different aspects of overweight identification, and changes in these aspects of overweight identification over time, influence body measurements and dieting behaviours.
Influence of sildenafil on the purinergic components of nerve‐mediated and urothelial ATP release from the bladder of normal and spinal cord injured mice
Authors: Chakrabarty Basu , Ito Hiroki , Ximenes Manuela , Nishikawa Nobuyuki , Vahabi Bahareh , Kanai Anthony J. , Pickering Anthony E. , Drake Marcus J. , Fry Christopher H. 
Published: March 2019

Background and purposePDE inhibitors such as sildenafil alleviate lower urinary tract symptoms; however, a complete understanding of their action on the bladder remains unclear. We are investigating the effects of sildenafil, on post and preganglionic nerve‐mediated contractions of the mouse bladder, and neuronal and urothelial ATP release.Experimental approachBladders were used from young (12 weeks), aged (24 months), and spinal cord transected (SCT), mice, for in vitro contractility experiments. An arterially perfused in situ whole mouse model was used to record bladder pressure. Nerve‐mediated contractions were generated by electrical field stimulation (EFS) of postganglionic nerve terminals or the pelvic nerve. ATP release during EFS in intact detrusor strips, and during stretch of isolated mucosa strips, was measured using a luciferin‐luciferase assay.Key resultsSildenafil (20 μM) inhibited nerve‐mediated contractions in young mice, with an increase in f1/2 values in force–frequency relationships, demonstrating a greater effect at low frequencies. Sildenafil reduced the atropine‐resistant, purinergic component of nerve‐mediated contractions, and suppressed neuronal ATP release upon EFS in vitro. Sildenafil reduced the preganglionic pelvic nerve stimulated bladder pressure recordings in situ; comparable to in vitro experiments. Sildenafil reduced stretch‐induced urothelial ATP release. Sildenafil also relaxed nerve‐mediated contractions in aged and SCT mice.Conclusion and implicationsSildenafil has a greater effect on the low‐frequency, purinergic‐mediated contractions and suppresses neuronal ATP release. In addition, sildenafil reduces stretch‐induced urothelial ATP release. These results demonstrate a novel action of sildenafil to selectively inhibit ATP release from nerve terminals innervating detrusor smooth muscle and the urothelium.
The potential of memory enhancement through modulation of perineuronal nets
Authors: Duncan James A. , Foster Richard , Kwok Jessica C.F. 
Published: March 2019

With an increasingly aging global population, the incidence of neurological diseases such as dementia is set to increase to unmanageable levels, yet there are currently only symptomatic therapies available for treatment. The mechanisms underlying the development of some forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), are not yet completely elucidated with several competing hypotheses existing. During the closure of the critical period in the brain, significant compositional changes occur to the neural extracellular matrix (ECM). Specifically, condensed mesh‐like structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs) form around subsets of neurons and have a profound effect on axonal growth and limit neuronal plasticity. These PNNs act as a morphological checkpoint and can influence memory and cognition. Manipulating these important ECM structures may provide the key to reactivating plasticity and restoring memory, both of which are severely impaired in AD and other associated neurological diseases. This review explores the current understanding of how PNNs are manipulated and examines potential new methods for PNN modulation.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc
Effect of combined goniotomy and phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure in open‐angle glaucoma patients
Authors: Kim Woo‐Jin , Kim Ju‐Mi , Lee Woo‐Hyuk , Kim Kyoung Nam , Kim Chang‐sik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractImportanceAlthough goniotomy is known to be successful in treating congenital glaucoma, its effect in adult glaucoma patients remains unclear.BackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of goniotomy performed simultaneously with cataract surgery in treatment of open‐angle glaucoma (OAG).DesignRetrospective comparative study.ParticipantsA total of 76 patients with moderately controlled OAG (intraocular pressure [IOP] ≤ 21 mmHg using medications) undergoing cataract surgery.MethodsComparison of patients who underwent the conventional goniotomy during cataract surgery (combined goniotomy group) with those who underwent cataract surgery alone (phaco group).Main Outcome MeasuresChanges in IOP and medications, and complications through 12 months.ResultsBaseline IOP was 18.2 ± 2.4 mmHg in the combined goniotomy group and 17.4 ± 1.9 mmHg in the phaco group; number of medications was 2.6 ± 1.1 and 2.4 ± 0.9, respectively (P > 0.05). The reduction in IOP and medication use from baseline in the combined goniotomy group was significantly greater at 12 months compared to the phaco group (−3.1 ± 2.9 mmHg vs −1.3 ± 2.4 mmHg and −1.2 ± 0.9 vs −0.7 ± 0.9, respectively, both P < 0.05). The success rate was 76.7% in the combined goniotomy group and 50.0% in the phaco group at 12 months (P = 0.021). No significant complication was observed in either group.Conclusions and RelevanceCombined goniotomy and cataract surgery showed a significantly greater reduction in IOP and number of medications compared to cataract surgery alone at 1 year after surgery, with similarly favourable safety profiles.
Ventricular assist device‐related infections and solid organ transplantation—Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Koval Christine E. , Stosor Valentina ,   the AST ID Community of Practice
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation has published evidenced‐based guidelines on the prevention and management of infectious complications in SOT recipients since 2004. This updated guideline reviews the epidemiology of ventricular assist device (VAD) infections and provides recommendations for the management and prevention of these infections. Almost one half of those awaiting heart transplantation are supported with VADs. Despite advances in device technologies, VAD infections commonly complicate mechanical circulatory support and remain typified by common components and anatomic locations. These infections have important implications for transplant candidates, most notably increased wait‐list mortality. Strategic management of these infections is crucial for successful transplantation. Coincidentally, explantation of all VAD components at the time of transplantation is often the definitive cure for the device‐associated infection. Highlighted in this updated guideline is the reported success of transplantation in patients with a variety of pre‐existing VAD infections and guidance on post‐transplant management strategies.
Recovery of the Xenopus laevis heart from ROS‐induced stress utilizes conserved pathways of cardiac regeneration
Authors: Jewhurst Kyle , McLaughlin Kelly A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUrodele amphibians and some fish are capable of regenerating up to a quarter of their heart tissue after cardiac injury. While many anuran amphibians like Xenopus laevis are not capable of such feats, they are able to repair lesser levels of cardiac damage, such as that caused by oxidative stress, to a far greater degree than mammals. Using an optogenetic stress induction model that utilizes the protein KillerRed, we have investigated the extent to which mechanisms of cardiac regeneration are conserved during the restoration of normal heart morphology post oxidative stress in X. laevis tadpoles. We focused particularly on the processes of cardiomyocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation, as well as the pathways that facilitate the regulation of these processes. The cardiac response to KillerRed‐induced injury in X. laevis tadpole hearts consists of a phase dominated by indicators of cardiac stress, followed by a repair‐like phase with characteristics similar to mechanisms of cardiac regeneration in urodeles and fish. In the latter phase, we found markers associated with partial dedifferentiation and cardiomyocyte proliferation in the injured tadpole heart, which, unlike in regenerating hearts, are not dependent on Notch or retinoic acid signaling. Ultimately, the X. laevis cardiac response to KillerRed‐induced oxidative stress shares characteristics with both mammalian and urodele/fish repair mechanisms, but is nonetheless a unique form of recovery, occupying an intermediate place on the spectrum of cardiac regenerative ability. An understanding of how Xenopus repairs cardiac damage can help bridge the gap between mammals and urodeles and contribute to new methods of treating heart disease.
Insulin therapy in organ donation and transplantation
Authors: Shapey Iestyn M. , Summers Angela , Yiannoullou Petros , Bannard‐Smith Jonathan , Augustine Titus , Rutter Martin K. , van Dellen David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHyperglycaemia is common in hospitalized individuals, and is often caused by physiological stress associated with critical illness or major surgery. Insulin therapy is an established treatment for hyperglycaemia and acute hyperkalaemia, and has also been used for myocardial dysfunction resistant to inotropic support. Insulin is commonly used in both organ donors and transplant recipients for hyperglycaemia, but the underlying knowledge base supporting its use remains limited. Insulin therapy plays an important yet poorly understood role in both organ donation and transplantation. Tight glycaemic control has been extensively studied in critical care over the past 15 years; however, this has not yet translated into the field of transplantation, where patients are more unwell and where improved outcomes remain an ongoing challenge. Insulin therapy and optimization of glycaemic control represent important areas for future hypothesis‐driven research into organ donation and transplantation, such as amelioration of ischaemia‐reperfusion injury, rejection and infection.
Contest dynamics for food and reproductive resources are defined by health condition in a dung beetle
Authors: Salomão Renato Portela , Favila Mario E. , González‐Tokman Daniel , Chamorro‐Florescano Ivette Alicia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMale dung beetles compete to obtain food and females, and early resource recognition and appropriation increase the probability of mating. The outcome of such encounters is expected to be defined by self‐ and the opponent’s health condition. In this study, we analyzed the effect of body condition and immune defense on the contest dynamics between males that rolled a food ball with a partner female (owner males) and intruder males of dung beetle Canthon cyanellus. Body condition was measured as body size, body dry mass, lipid mass, and muscle mass; immune defense was estimated via phenoloxidase activity. Owner males with higher lipid mass contacted the food ball significantly earlier than owner males with lower lipid mass. Individuals with lower phenoloxidase activity started to roll food balls earlier than individuals with higher phenoloxidase activity. Owner males that had higher body dry mass, compared to female partners, began to roll the food ball significantly earlier than male–female pairs with lower differences in dry mass. Heavier males won significantly more contests than lighter males. Our results suggest that the health condition is a key factor related to the dynamics and outcome of male–male contests for resources and females in C. cyanellus. Consequently, differences in individual condition are main determinants of contest outcomes in dung beetles.
U–Pb zircon geochronology of the Hida gneiss and granites in the Kamioka area, Hida Belt
Authors: Takehara Mami , Horie Kenji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new U–Pb dating and oxygen isotope analysis of zircons collected from a granitic mylonite and an undeformed granite in the Kamioka area, in the Hida Belt of southwest Japan, was conducted using a sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) to restrict the timing of the mylonitization in the Funatsu Shear Zone, which is situated on the eastern and southeastern margins of the Hida Belt. Here, undeformed granite intrudes into the granitic mylonite deformed by mylonitization in the Funatsu Shear Zone. The granitic mylonite and the undeformed granite yielded U–Pb zircon ages of 242.6 ±1.9 Ma and 199.1 ±1.9 Ma, respectively. The granitic mylonite and the undeformed granite also yielded zircon oxygen isotope ratios (δ18OVSMOW) of 7.74 ±0.37 ‰ and 5.74 ±0.17 ‰, which suggests that these rocks are derived from different magmas. Therefore, the timing of the mylonitization in the Funatsu Shear Zone is constrained to be at least 242.6–199.1 Ma, which is consistent with other data from the Tateyama area. The U–Pb zircon ages of the banded gneiss in the Kamioka area also reveals that the protolith is a sedimentary rock deposited at approximately 256 Ma, and regional metamorphism occurred at 245.0 ±6.6 Ma, which indicates that the mylonitization in the Funatsu Shear Zone occurred after the metamorphism in the Hida Belt. These geochronological and geochemical data give new insight into the relationship between the Hida Belt and the eastern margin of the Asian continent: the geochronological and geochemical data in this study support the possibility that the Funatsu Shear Zone is comparable with the Cheongsan Shear Zone located at the center of the Ogcheon Belt on the Korean Peninsula.
Low‐temperature sintering of BF‐PT‐BZ ternary solid solutions with enhanced piezoelectric properties
Authors: Luo Feng , Guan Haowen , Peng Rui , Jian Jie , Chen Jianguo , Cheng Jinrong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe 0.34BiFeO3‐0.46PbTiO3‐0.2BaZrO3 (BF‐PT‐0.2BZ) ternary solid solutions were prepared by the solid‐state reaction methods. Different amounts of Li2CO3‐Bi2O3 (LB) additives were introduced into the based materials after the calcination process. Upon using LB additives, the sintering temperature of BF‐PT‐0.2BZ ceramics was lowered to 950°C, while the relative density was enhanced to the highest of about 97% for LB of 1 wt%. XRD results indicate that BF‐PT‐0.2BZ ceramics exhibit the perovskite structure without detectable second phases. SEM images reveal that BF‐PT‐0.2BZ ceramics are well densified and the grain size is enhanced with the addition of LB. Moreover, the piezoelectric properties are enhanced significantly, achieving the highest d33 and bipolar strain of 350 pC/N and 0.53%, respectively, for BF‐PT‐0.2BZ ceramics with LB of 1 wt%. Our results indicate that low‐temperature sintered BF‐PT‐0.2BZ ceramics with excellent piezoelectric properties have promising applications in multilayer piezoelectric actuators.