bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent Identity of Chromoplast and Chloroplast DNA in the Daffodil, Narcissus pseudonarcissus
Authors: Thompson John A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A comparison of the EcoRI restriction endonuclease digest fragments from daffodil chromoplast and chloroplast DNAs on agarose gels has yielded identical results. The sum of the fragments for each DNA gives a minim um molecular weight of 98.6 × 106.
Binuclear Copper Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Signals of α-Methemocyanin of Helix pomatia
Authors: Rupp Heinz , Verplaetse Jozef , Lontie René 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The binuclear electron paramagnetic resonance signals of α-methemocyanin of Helix pomatia were investigated at liquid helium temperatures. These signals were completely eliminated by the addition of fluoride and enhanced in the presence of chloride, which did not alter the saturation behavior. The triplet nature of the signal at g = 4.59 was confirmed by the low power-saturation. The addition of nitrite at pH 5.0 and 0° C yielded slowly and reversibly a seven-line half-field signal. On lowering the temperature the intensity of the triplet signals increased to the lowest temperature reached 4.2 K, excluding a strong exchange coupling.
Identification, Properties and Genetic Control of UDP-ʟ-Rhamnose: Anthocyanidin 3-O-Glucoside, 6″-O-Rhamnosyltransferase Isolated from Retals of the Red Campion (Silene dioica)
Authors: Kamsteeg John , Brederode Jan van , Nigtevecht Gerrit van 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An enzyme catalyzing the transfer of the rhamnosyl moiety of UDP-ʟ-rhamnose to the 6 -hydroxyl group of the 3-O-bound glucose of anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosides has been demonstrated in petal extracts of Silene dioica plants. The enzyme activity is controlled by a single dominant gene N; no rhamnosyltransferase activity is found in petals of n/n plants. The 60-fold purified rhamno-syltransferase exhibits a pH optimum of 8.1, has a molecular weight of about 45000 daltons, is stimulated by the divalent metal ions Mg2+, Mn2+ and Co2+, and has a “true Km” value of 0.09 mᴍ for UDP-ʟ-rhamnose and 2.2 mᴍ for cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside can also serve as acceptor. The enzyme can also catalyze the rhamnosylation of anthocyanidin 3,5-diglucosides although at reduced rate. The biosynthetic pathway for the synthesis of cyanidin 3-rhamnosylglucoside-5-glucoside in petals of S. dioica is discussed.
Evidence for Intermediate Metastable States during Equilibration of Bone and Dental Tissues
Authors: Dnessens F. C. M. , Verbeeck R. M. H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Experimental data were collected on the solubility equilibrium of the mineral of bone, tooth enamel and calcium phosphate renal stones. Evaluation in the form of potential diagrams of Ca(OH)2 versus H3PO4 shows that Ca/P ratios of 1, 4/3, 10/7, 3/2 and 5/3, related to phases like brushite, octocalcium phosphate, whitlockite, defective apatite and hydroxyapatite respectively can be important. These facts allow the interpretation that many of these calcium phosphates are present simultaneously in biominerals or that they are formed during the equilibration.
A Study of the Substrate and Inhibitor Specificities of AMP Aminohydrolase, 5′-Nucleotidase, and Adenylate Kinase with Adenosine Carboxylates of Variable Chain Length
Authors: Meyer Wilfried , Follmann Hartmut 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A series of AMP analogs in which a terminal carboxylate residue, linked to C4′ of the ribose moiety of adenosine by zero, one, or two methylene groups (1, 2 ,3) or by the unsaturated ethylidene link (4) replaces the phosphate anion, is tested for activity as substrates or effectors of three enzymes known to interact with AMP with a different degree of specificity. 2 - 4 are substrates of AMP aminohydrolase, 3 and 4 are competitive inhibitors of adenylate kinase, and all acids produce competitive inhibition of the least specific enzyme, 5′-nucleotidase. These activities can be cor­ related with the intramolecular flexibility of anionic substituent and adenine base which in turn is expressed in typical shifts of the proton magnetic resonance signal of purine H-8. The uronic acid 1, having a rigid molecular conformation, is inactive towards two AMP-dependent enzymes and little active with the third, indicating that this type of compound is not suitable as a nucleotide an­ tagonist whereas nucleoside carboxylates of type 2 and 3 have a higher potential as effectors of nucleotide metabolism.
Culture Density and Age-Dependent Interactions of 3T3 and SV3T3 Cells with Immobilized and Soluble Lens Culinaris Lectin
Authors: Kinzel Volker , Richards James 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Short term binding of both Balb/c derived 3T3 cells and SV 3T3 cells to 2B-Sepharose coated with Lens culinaris lectin (LCL) was compared with their LCL-induced agglutinability in relation to culture density and age. The cells were grown for 4 days either to low (LD) or to high density (HD); for certain experiments HD-cells were stimulated (HDS) by a short trypsin treatment and/or by addition of fresh medium. HD-3T3 cells bound somewhat faster to immobilized LCL than LD-3T3 cells, although LD-3T3 cells agglutinated at lower LCL concentrations. In the case of SV 3T3 cells, binding was much less pronounced for HD than for LD cells. The agglutinability of HD-SV 3T3 cells, however, was greater than that of the other transformed groups. Upon stimulation, binding and agglutinability data of both HD cell lines began to resemble the results obtained with LD-cells. Taken together, the data revealed in all cases an inverse relationship between bind­ing and agglutinability, i. e., high agglutinability was closely correlated with slower binding and vice versa. The results indicate that culture density and age-dependent differences in cell surface architecture can be detected by short term binding to immobilized LCL.
Inhibition by Tetranitromethane of Photosynthetic Electron Transport from Water to Photosystem II in Chloroplasts
Authors: Sane P. V. , Johanningmeier Udo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Low concentrations (10 µM) of tetranitromethane inhibit noncyclic electron transport in spinach chloroplasts. A study of different partial electron transport reactions shows that tetranitromethane primarily interferes with the electron flow from water to PS II. At higher concentrations the oxidation of plastohydroquinone is also inhibited. Because diphenyl carbazide but not Mn2+ ions can donate electrons efficiently to PS II in the presence of tetranitromethane it is suggested that it blocks the donor side of PS II prior to donation of electrons by diphenyl carbazide. The pH dependence of the inhibition by this protein modifying reagent may indicate that a functional-SH group is essential for a protein, which mediates electron transport between the water splitting complex and the reaction center of PS II.
Isolierung von 7-Chorindol-3-acetamid aus Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926 / Isolation of 7-Chloroindole-3-acetamide from Pseudomonas aureofaciens ATCC 15926
Authors: Salcher Olga , Pée Karl-Heinz van , Lingens Franz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
7-Chloroindole-3-acetamide and indole-3-acetamide were enzymatically formed from crude extracts of Pseudomonas aureofaciens supplemented with 7-chloro-ʟ-tryptophan or ʟ-tryptophan. The metabolites were identified by UV-, IR-, GC-MS-spectra.
Glutamate Dehydrogenase from Medicago sativa L., Purification and Comparative Kinetic Studies of the Organ-Specific Multiple Forms
Authors: Nagel Marianne , Hartmann  
Published: August 2018

Abstract
NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase [L-glutamate: NAD + oxidoreductase (deaminating) EC 1.4.1.2] from Medicago sativa constitutes organ-specific patterns of isoenzymes. The isoenzyme-pattems of seeds (GDH-I) and roots (GDH-II) were purified 1520-fold and 92-fold, respectively. All isoenzymes of both patterns remain stable throughout the purification procedures. Isoenzyme a7, the only isoenzyme common to both patterns was isolated from the GDH-I pattern. The three enzyme preparations were found to be identical in pH optima, substrate specificity and general kinetic properties. A comparative kinetic analysis revealed no pronounced differences between the various kinetic constants evaluated for the three enzyme preparations. Furthermore an identical order of substrate binding and product release could be established. Both initial rate measure­ ments and product inhibition studies are consistent with an ordered ternary-binary kinetic mecha­ nism. The results suggest that tissue-specific enzyme multiplicity of plant glutamate dehydrogenase is not related to differences in general or kinetic properties.
Selektivdarstellung der Riechsinneszellen des Zwergwelses Ictalurus nebulosus mit Procionfarbstoffen / Selective Staining by Procion Dyes of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in the Catfish Ictalurus nebulosus
Authors: Holl Arthur 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Procion Brilliant Yellow M 4RAN and Procion Yellow M 4R applied to the catfish olfactory mucosa stain intra-vitally and enter the olfactory receptors by their dendrites. The dye invades the receptor pericaryon and subsequently migrates within the axon in distal direction. Fluorescence microscopy of aldehyd fixed and paraffin sectioned preparations reveals clear selective staining of the sensory neu­ rons in yellow colour.
The Specificity of Ionophore A 23187 in Cation Transport across Lipid Membranes Studies with Lecithin Vesicles
Authors: Pohl W. G. , Kreikenbohm R. , Seuwen K. 
Published: August 2018

Lecithin vesicles containing different cations were prepared by sonication and characterized. When the concentration of the divalent cations in the buffer was increased from 1 mᴍ to about 100 mᴍ the cation-concentration inside of the vesicles did not increase proportional to the outside concentration, but showed a saturation behaviour. The efflux of various cations mediated by ionophore A 23187 was measured and relative transport-rates were determined. The following sequence was obtained:
Zn2+ > Mn2+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Sr2+ ⪢ Ba2+ ≈ Li+ > Na+.
The efflux of Ca2+ increased proportional to the square of the A 23187-concentration. To lecithin-vesicles containing ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) inside different cations were added on the outside. In the presence of A 23187 divalent cations are transported into the vesicles and bound there by EDTA. During the influx of Me2+-ions into vesicles a H+-efflux was observed. The resulting pH-decrease was measured. The rate of the pH-change depended on the Me2+-ion used. The sequence was:
Cd2+ > Zn2+ > Ca2+ > Mn2+ > Mg2+ ⪢ Sr2+, Ba2+.
Weitere Charakterisierung einer Chlorogensäure-Hydrolase aus Aspergillus niger / Further Characterization of a Chlorogenic Acid Hydrolase from Aspergillus niger
Authors: Schöbel B. , Pollmann W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In addition to our previous paper [1] further characteristics of the chlorogenic acid hydrolase are described. Polyacrylamid gelelectrophoresis revealed only one band for the purified enzyme. Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamid gelelectrophoresis showed a molecular weight of 60000, demonstrating four subunits of the enzyme (total molecular weight 240000). The enzyme is stable in a pH-range of 3 .0 -8 .5 and up to a temperature of 55 °C. The temperature coefficient Q10 is 1.5, the activation energy EA is 6.0 kcal/mol. The amino acid analysis and substrate specificity data are given in tables. Essential for the enzyme activity is the C=C double bound neighbouring the ester linkage. The enzyme crystallizes in prisms.
Evidence for the Participation of a 5-Oxo-prolinase in Degradation of Glutathione in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Rennenberg Heinz , Steinkamp Reinhard , Polle Andrea 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
During degradation of glutathione in tobacco suspension cultures substancial amounts of 5-oxo-proline are formed in vivo as well as in crude cell homogenates in vitro. The existance of a 5-oxo-prolinase that catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-proline to glutamic acid was demonstrated in tobacco cells, grown with glutathione as sole sulfur source.
Randomization of the Flavonoid A Ring during Biosynthesis of Kaempferol from [1,2 -13C2] Acetate in Cell Suspension Cultures of Parsley
Authors: Light Robley J. , Hahlbrock Klaus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cell suspension cultures of parsley (Petroselinum hortense) were incubated with [l,2-13C2]ace-tate during a period of active flavonoid production. The flavonoid glycosides were extracted with ethanol, hydrolyzed in dilute acid, and the aglycones purified by chromatography. Apigenin, a flavone, and kaempferol, a flavonol, were analyzed at 67.9 MHz by 13C FT NMR. The 13C enrich­ ment confirmed that acetate contributes primarily to the flavonoid A ring. The coupling patterns between adjacent 13C atoms of the A ring indicate that the cyclization direction of the A ring is random in both compounds. While randomization of apigenin could have occurred chemically through opening of the pyrone ring under the acid conditions used for glycoside hydrolysis, ran­ domization of the more stable flavonol must have occurred biosynthetically. The latter result supports the conclusion that a chalcone is an intermediate in flavonoid biosynthesis.
Derivative Absorption Spectroscopy of the Pigment-Protein Complexes from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata
Authors: Talsky Gerhard , Rygersberg Comelis P. , van Grondelle Rien , Feick Reiner , Drews Gerhart 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The near infrared absorption spectra and their fourth derivative were measured in membrane preparations or in the isolated light harvesting pigment-protein complex B 800-850 from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata in order to know how the underlying molecular absorption spectra contribute to the observed absorption curve. In contrast to the observations of Cogdell and Crofts [Biochim. Biophys. Acta 502, 409 (1978)] no splitting of the 855 nm absorption bands was observed at 300 K, 100 K, and 4 K. However, a small but significant splitting of the 870 nm band in all derivates (2nd, 4th, 6th) was observed at 300 K and 4 K. The lack of splitting of the 855 nm absorption band will be discussed in the light of the molecular organization of the B 855 moiety of this light harvesting bacteriochlorophyll-protein complex.
Subcloning of the Histone DNA Sequences of Phage Lambda Sam 7 h 22 in Plasmid pBR 322
Authors: Aulehla-Scholz Ch. , Jacob E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The histone DNA sequences of the Hind III cluster of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris which are carried by the chimeric phage DNA of λ Sam 7 h22 have been subcloned in plasmid pBR 322. Due to this procedure single segments of the cluster have been separated from each other and are available as gene specific hybridization probes.
Light Diffraction of in vitro Crystals of Six Tobacco Mosaic Viruses
Authors: Kreibig U. , Wetter C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Iridescent gels of the common, tomato mosaic, para-tobacco mosaic, ribgrass mosaic, sunnhemp mosaic, and cucumber 4 tobacco mosaic virus strains were prepared using the purification method of Boedtker and Simmons (J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1958). Macrocrystals which were stable for many months could be grown from iridescent gels of all viruses when stored at 0-10 °C. The gels exhibited various structural phases (nematic and smectic) differing in density. The structure of the microcrystalline gels and of macrocrystals was investigated by means of optical diffraction. Distinct Bragg reflections were observed from which a mean periodicity of 340 nm was derived for all virus strains. The results indicate a crystalline multilayer structure as first proposed by Oster (J. Gen. Physiol. 33, 445, [1950]). The angular positions and widths of the Bragg reflections depended on the concentration of virus and the ionic strength. The periodicity decreased from 365 nm at 30 mg/ml virus to about 315 nm at 109 mg/ml virus, i.e. the periodicity approached the 300 nm length of the virion. Model calculations taking into account Debye-Hückel repulsive and van der Waals attractive forces gave a qualitative explanation for the crystalline structure and its observed concentration dependence. The in vitro crystals resemble immature crystal forms observed in the living cell.
A vena Coleoptile Segments: Hyperelongation Growth after Anaerobic Treatment
Authors: Hager A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Avena sativa coleoptile segments show an anomalous increase in elongation growth following a short period of oxygen deprivation (tested between 0 and 60 min) lasting 20-30 min (Anaero-biosis-Aerobiosis transition effect = ANA effect). The increase in growth rate is 600% and is commensurate with that observable following an auxin treatment. This hyperelongation growth, in contrast to the auxin-induced growth, begins without a lag phase.
The growth “burst” following anaerobiosis is similarly to auxin-induced elongation growth, and is suppressed increasingly by neutral or more alkaline buffers.
Hyperelongation growth is suppressed by respiratory inhibitors and uncouplers. A complete inhibition is effected with KCN (0.5 mM) sodium azide (0.5 mM) and CCCP (1 μM); amytal (in the range 0.5 to 1 mM) and sodium arsenate (0.1 to 1 mM) are strong inhibitors. Some of these compounds (KCN, arsenate, amytal) cause a slight increase of the ANA effect in very low concentrations, which is probably due to the K+ or Na+ ions present; on their own, these ions have a strong positive influence on the ANA effect.
During anaerobiosis the ATP level sinks around 75% and almost returns to the old value, following the supply of air, within one minute.
The cell sap pH drops from 6.3 to 5.9 during anaerobiosis within 20 min. This lowering is mainly due to an increase in lactic acid concentration. Other acids such as citric, malic, and aspartic acids show insignificant changes in concentration.
The NADH content increases during anaerobiosis, whereas that of NADPH drops almost as much.
The mentioned changes in concentration of lactic acid, NADH and NADPH return to the control value within 20-30 min; thus the differences exist as long as hyperelongation growth is under way.
Possible relationships between the mentioned chemical changes and hyperelongation growth are discussed. One of the possible explanations is the following: the lowering of the cytoplasmic pH (normally around pH 7) during anaerobiosis due to the formation of lactic acid causes an activation of H+-ATPases in the plasmalemma and ER, since their optimum activity occurs in a pH of 5.5 to 6.5. This activation causes a greater H+-excretion into the cell wall compartment, and thus hyperelongation growth following supply of air and of ATP.
ESR Investigations on Blood Treated Intravenously with Ascorbic Acid"
Authors: Lohmann Wolfgang , Bensch Klaus G. , Müller Elisabeth , Kang Sa-Ouk 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effect of 1 g of ascorbic acid, administered intravenously to healthy male and female volunteers, on blood and its constituents was investigated by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and by differential hematologic examinations. The native blood ESR spectrum exhibits 2 min after injection of vitamin C a considerable increase in spin concentration and a new signal at about g = 2.005 which we previously had found to correlate to the semidehydroascorbate radical. This spectrum is identical to that obtained in acute lymphatic leukemia. While it prevails in untreated leukemic patients, spin concentration and shape of the spectrum obtained return to normal within several hours to one day in healthy individuals. Since neither in erythrocytes nor in plasma modifications could be observed, the ESR changes detected must have their origin in the leukocytes. Hematologic studies of the peripheral blood show that the number of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and thrombocytes was not drastically affected by the vitamin C injection.
An Evolutionary Tree Based on Monoclonal Antibody-Recognized Surface Features of a Plastid Enzyme (5-Aminolevulinate Dehydratase)
Authors: Schneider Hj. A. W. , Liedgens W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We describe and discuss an evolutionary tree derived from data which were obtained using monoclonal antibodies.
Monoclonal antibodies (see e.g. Köhler and Milstein, Nature 256, 495 (1975)) were prepared against 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and enabled us to study 13 different ALAD antigenic determinant characters from origins as diverse as algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
The results show that a dendrogram based on these characters is largely in accord with evolutionary trees based on classical characters. Species, such as Chara or Gnetum, whose system­atic positions are doubtful, are separated from their alleged relatives.
ALAD from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas spheroides showed antigenic similarities with the plastid ALAD enzyme from spinach, while none of the antibodies against the spinach enzyme reacted with ALAD from the blue-green alga Nostoc muscorum. This finding is relevant to the problem of the origin of plastids and shows that monoclonal antibodies may also provide a new approach to the solution of this problem.
The results imply that monoclonal antibodies will prove themselves efficient tools for taxonomic or evolutionary studies.
Einfluß von Sauerstoff auf die photosynthetische CO2-Fixierung von Synechococcus / Effect of Oxygen on Photosynthetic CO2 Fixation of Synechococcus
Authors: Döhler Günter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The cyanobacterium Synechococcus (Anacystis nidulans strain L 1402-1) was grown at +35 °C in air and in air enriched with 2.2 vol.% CO2. The effect of different oxygen concentrations (0, 2, 20, 50, 75 and 99.97 or 97.8 vol.%) was studied in low (0.03 vol.%) and high (2.2 vol.%) CO2 concentrations at + 35 °C. After exposure to a nitrogen atmosphere and low CO2 content I4C-bicarbonate was mainly incorporated into aspartate and glycine/serine. During oxygenic photosynthetic CO2 fixation label in aspartate decreased and a high degree of radioactivity could be found in 3-phosphoglyceric acid and sugar monophosphates. The Calvin cycle was the main fixing pathway in 2.2 vol.% CO2 during anoxygenic and oxygenic conditions independent on the O2 concentrations during the experiments. No oxygen enhancement of photosynthetic CO2 fixation could be found. Possible mechanism involved in CO2 fixation pathways and glycolate metabolism underlying the effect of oxygen was discussed.
An Improved Method for the Preparation of the Four Ribonucleic Acids of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus
Authors: Dickerson P. E. , Malomi M. C. , Dawson J. R. O. , Morris-Krsinich B. A. M. , Trim A. R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The four components of the genome of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus have been prepared in a highly active and highly purified state by a method based on their resolution by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Activity and purity have been confirmed by gel electrophoresis under denaturing and non-denaturing conditions, infectivity tests on whole plants, translation in an mRNA dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate and fingerprinting of T1 ribonuclease digests after labelling with 32P at the 5′ ends of the oligonucleotide products. The quality of the RNAs obtained was superior to those previously obtained by zonal centrifugation but only comparatively small batches of whole RNA can be handled with ease.
A Sex Attractant for Sperchia in tractana Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand
Authors: Benn M. H. , Galbreath R. A. , Holt V. A. , Young H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Traps baited with approx. 2:1 mixtures of (E)-, and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetates caught male Sperchia intrac­tana Walker in the field. Analyses of extracts obtained from virgin female moths revealed the presence of these two compounds, which are presumably the major components of the sex pheromone.