bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing International Board Certified Lactation Consultants to Continue Advancing Practice Beyond Certification: A Multinational Study
Authors: Vaughan Karolyn , McMurray Anne , Sidebotham Mary , Gamble Jennifer 
Published: March 2018

Background:Certification as a lactation consultant is based on practitioners having achieved a standard of knowledge indicative of their competence to practice by passing a psychometric examination. The underpinning principle of recertification programs is to support clinicians to become lifelong learners by progressively enhancing and advancing their knowledge and skills in line with contemporary evidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) to advance their practice.Method:A mixed-methods study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 included focus groups, interviews, and participants’ demographic data. Phase 2 comprised of an online questionnaire to IBCLCs. This approach was designed to provide a comprehensive qualitative understanding of the IBCLCs’ experiences, which was then triangulated with quantitative data from a significantly larger population of IBCLCs in Phase 2.Results:The findings are described in themes and subthemes. Participants in phase 2 (n = 3,946) reported being intrinsically motivated (93.3%, n = 3,631) and committed to providing evidence-based guidance and optimal care to support breastfeeding mothers. They identified various sources of continuing education, although attendance at conferences, peer support, and reflective sessions were the most common approaches to enhancing knowledge. They recognized that it was through extension of knowledge that they were able to advance their practice.Conclusion:This article identifies strategies that the managers, educators, and certification bodies can adopt to support the IBCLCs in continuing to advance their practice, which will ultimately improve breastfeeding outcomes for mothers.
Synthesis Analgetic-Antiiflammation N-(4t-Buthylbenzoil)-p-Aminophenol by Using MgF2 Catalist
Authors: Siddiq Hadi Barru Hakam Fajar , Eryani Mikhania Christiningtyas , Suryaningsih Farida 
Published: March 2018

Synthesis of N-(4t-buthylbenzoyl)-p-aminophenol has been done by reacting p-aminophenol and 4-tert- buthylbenzoyl chloride compounds with 1% MgF2 catalyst. N-(4t-buthylbenzoyl)-p- aminophenol as an antiinflamatory analgesic. Products were characterized by organoleptic test, melting point determination, TLC, UV/Vis Spectrophotometry, and infrared spectrophotometry. The results of the organoleptic test showed that N- (4t-butylbenzoyl) -p- aminophenol is powdered, gray and tasteless. Melting point of N-(4t- buthylbenzoyl)-p- aminophenol was 193 – 194 °C. TLC results showed that N-(4t-buthylbenzoyl)-p- aminophenol had two Rf values of 0.73 – 0.76 and 0.89 – 0.91. The results of UV wavelength scanning showed that N- (4t-butylbenzoyl) -p-aminophenol had two peaks at 290 and 294 wavelengths. Yield of N-4t- butylbenzoyl-p-aminophenol was 24.35%.
Keywords: N-(4t-buthylbenzoyl)-p-aminophenol, MgF2, catalyst, an antiinflamatory analgesic
Do Performance Assessment has Contribution to Achieve Students’ Commnunication Skills?
Authors: Isnaeni Aisah , Wulan A Ratna , Solihat R 
Published: March 2018

Communication skill was an important component of education. This study aims to analyzed students' communication skills and response by using performance assessment on water cycle concept. The method that used in this study is descriptive. Subject consists of first-grade students’ in senior high school (n:32). The instruments that used in this study are the task, observation sheets, questionnaire, self and peer assessment. Those instruments analyzed four indicators of communication such as; (1) articulate thoughts and ideas effectively,(2) listen effectively, (3) use communication for a range of purposes and (4) Communicate Effectively in diverse environments. Sccorring of instruments has two categories, score from 1-4 for task and sheets of observation, score from 0 and 1 for self and peer assessment and questionnaire using descriptive analyzed. Then, indicators of communication skills categorized into three groups: high, medium and low. The data showed that all of the indicators in medium categorized 81.3% in the first indicator, 53.1% in the second indicator, 46.9% in the third indicator, and 68.8% in the fourth indicator. Therefore students’ have communication skill in medium category and most of the students’ has positive respond in performance assessment because its’ can help students’ to fix their performance in the instructional process.
The Comparison of Think Talk Write and Think Pair Share Model with Realistic Mathematics Education Approach Viewed from Mathematical-Logical Intelligence
Authors: Afthina Himmatul , Mardiyana Mardiyana , Pramudya Ikrar 
Published: March 2018

<p class="Abstract">The aims of this research to determine the effect of Think Talk Write (TTW) and Think Pair Share (TPS) model with Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach viewed from mathematical-logical intelligence. This research employed the quasi experimental research. The population of research was all students of the eight graders of junior high school in Karangamyar Regency in academic year 2016/2017. The result of this research shows that (1) TTW with RME approach gave better mathematics achievement than TPS with RME approach, (2) Students with high mathematical-logical intelligence can reach a better mathematics achievement than those with average and low, whereas students with average mathematical-logical intelligence can reach a better achievement than those with low one, (3) In TTW model with RME approach, students with high mathematical-logical intelligence can reach a better mathematics achievement than those with average and low, whereas students with average and low mathematical-logical intelligence gave same mathematics achievement, and in TPS model with RME approach students with high mathematical-logical intelligence can reach a better mathematics achievement than those with average and low, whereas students with average mathematical-logical intelligence can reach a better achievement than those with low one (4) In each category of mathematical-logical intelligence, TTW with RME approach and TPS with RME approach gave same mathematics achievement.</p>
Strategi Pengembangan Agribisnis Jagung di Indonesia
Authors: Aldillah Rizma 
Published: March 2018

<p>Maize is one of important commodities after rice. As a secondary crop in Indonesia, maize has multifunctional uses either as food or feed. Maize agribusiness has some benefits as it is highly demanded for feed raw material and easily cultivated. Besides external factor, i.e. inter-regional trade and export opportunities among regions and countries such as maize trade opportunity among regions and countries. Some weaknesses of maize agribusiness are limited farmers’ land areas, minimal infrastructure, technology, competing water use with other major crops, and potential threat of climate change. This study uses SWOT (<em>Streng</em><em>t</em><em>h-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats</em>) and QSPM (<em>Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix</em>) approaches. Analysis results show that maize agribusiness development should be competitive, farmers-based, sustainable and decentralized. The government needs to improve people’s participation in maize agribusiness. Main measures to take maize agribusiness development are effectiveness and quality of government service, and distribution facilities and infrastructure improvement.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Jagung merupakan komoditas strategis utama terpenting setelah padi dan salah satu komoditas tanaman palawija utama di Indonesia yang kegunaannya relatif luas, terutama untuk konsumsi manusia dan kebutuhan bahan pakan ternak. Agribisnis jagung memiliki berbagai keuntungan yakni memberikan banyak manfaat, memiliki keunggulan sebagai pakan untuk unggas, dan usaha taninya mudah. Namun, jagung memiliki beberapa permasalahan seperti luas lahan yang terbatas, dan teknologi usaha tani rendah. Jagung memiliki peluang perdagangan antardaerah dan negara dan kebutuhan jagung nasional cukup tinggi dan terus tumbuh. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan studi untuk mendapatkan strategi pengembangan jagung nasional ke depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode SWOT (<em>Strenght-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats</em>) dan QSPM (<em>Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix</em>). Hasil analisis data mendapatkan bahwa strategi alternatif terpenting dalam pengembangan agribisnis jagung adalah harus berorientasi pada pengembangan agribisnis jagung yang berdaya saing, berkerakyatan, berkelanjutan, dan terdesentralisasi. Dibutuhkan peningkatan efektivitas dan kualitas kinerja pemerintah dalam memfasilitasi masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi dalam membangun agribisnis jagung. Secara menyeluruh, prioritas utama dalam pengembangan agribisnis jagung ke depan membutuhkan dukungan melalui peningkatan efektivitas dan kualitas kinerja pemerintah, serta pengembangan sarana dan prasarana distribusi.</p>
The Effect of Essential Oil Formulas on Mortality and Oviposition Deterrent of Helopeltis antonii
Authors: Mardiningsih Tri Lestari , Ma'mun NFN 
Published: March 2018

<p>Citronella, clove and lemongrass oils are known to be toxic and repel certain pests. Mixing different essential oils (EOs) in the form of formula is expected to increase the insecticidal properties. The experiments aimed to examine the effect of EOs mixture formulas on mortality and oviposition deterrent of <em>Helopeltis antonii</em>. The study was conducted at the green house of Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crops Research Institute. A mixture of two EOs citronella + clove (1:1), lemongrass + clove (1:1), individual EO formulas, and their inert solution (mixture of tween 80, turpentine, and teepol) were tested on <em>H. antonii </em>at 5 and 10 ml.l<sup>-1</sup> concentrations. Parameters observed were the number of eggs laid, mortality of adults and nymphs of <em>H. antonii</em>. The citronella + clove and lemongrass + clove formula at 10 ml.l<sup>-1 </sup>deterred the oviposition of <em>H. antonii</em> by 60.18 % and 46.56 % respectively. These formulas also caused adults mortality at 79.17 % and 62.50 %, as well as the nymphs mortality at 87.50 % and 82.50 % respectively. The citronella + clove and lemongrass + clove formulas tested had the same effectiveness compared to the commercial citronella oil formula. Therefore, these two formulas were potential to be tested in field to control <em>H. antonii</em>.</p>
Financial Analysis of Botanical Pesticides Application in Big White Ginger Farming System (Case Study in Tanjungkerta, Sumedang)
Authors: Ermiati NFN 
Published: March 2018

<p><em>Botanical pesticides is generally applied to control plant pest in organic farming systems and ginger farmers in Sumedang commonly used it in ginger cultivation. The study aimed to assess the financial feasibility and sensitivity of botanical pesticide use in big white ginger (JPB) cultivation in Tanjungkerta-Sumedang, West Java. Research was conducted in November 2013 with survey method. Price was analyzed by converting the input and output to the price applicable in June 2017. Farmer respondents were determined randomly by selecting 20 respondents from 33 farmers of Gemahrita Farmer Group. The financial feasibility was assessed using Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) analysis. Farming sensitivity was measured with BEP (Break Event Point) of production and price. Pest and diseases found in ginger plantation were leaf spot (</em>Phyllosticta<em> sp.) and ladybug (</em>Epilachna<em> sp), which were controlled by botanical pesticide made by the farmers from </em><em>greater galangal, citronella, neem leaf and betle vein leaf. The use of natural pesticides was financially feasible with the eligibility criteria of NPV&gt;0 (Rp 32,081,221,-), B/C Ratio &gt;1 (2.15) and IRR 13 % above the <em>prevailing bank rate (1.5% per month). BEP production 9,601 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>, BEP price Rp. 1,279,-/kg, 57% below actual productivity and price. This indicated if there was decrease in productivity and price of ginger <span style="text-decoration: underline;">&lt;</span>57%, JPB farming system using botanical pesticide was still feasible.</em> <em>J</em><em>PB farming system using self-made botanical pesticide proved profitable, environmentally friendly and safe for farmer health, hence appropriate and advantageous to be developed.</em></em></p>
Keunggulan Komparatif dan Kinerja Ekspor Minyak Sawit Mentah Indonesia di Pasar Internasional
Authors: Prasetyo Agung , Marwanti Sri , Darsono NFN 
Published: March 2018

<strong>English</strong><br />The average growth rate of Indonesia’s CPO exports was 11.94% per year, far below those of Thailand, Malaysia, and Colombia with growth rates of 59.55%, 25.19%, and 20.35% per year respectively in the 2001–2015 period. That condition was worsened by higher tax enforcement on Indonesian CPO in EU countries in 2012 causing Indonesia shifted its exports to India, China, and Pakistan. This study aims to analyze comparative advantage of Indonesian CPO compared to Malaysia, Thailand, and Colombia using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis. The study also analyzes Indonesia’s CPO export performance in the world markets, especially in India, China, Pakistan, and Netherlands compared to other CPO producers using the Constant Market Share (CMS) approach. RCA analysis showed that Indonesia, Malaysia, Colombia, and Thailand had comparative advantage on CPO. Thailand had the highest RCA index followed by Malaysia, Colombia, and Indonesia. CMS analysis indicated that Indonesia’s CPO export performance was poorer than Malaysia in terms of growth rate, market distribution, and competitiveness, but was better in product composition. Increasing comparative advantage requires synergic policies which include establishing preferential trade agreement, constructing CPO stocking terminals in major importing countries, improving distribution and increasing market penetration.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Rata-rata laju pertumbuhan ekspor minyak sawit mentah (Crude Palm Oil/CPO) Indonesia tahun 2001–2015 adalah 11,94% per tahun, jauh di bawah Thailand, Malaysia, dan Kolombia yang tumbuh masing-masing sebesar 59,55%, 25,19%, dan 20,35% per tahun. Kondisi ini diperburuk dengan pemberlakuan pajak tinggi atas CPO Indonesia di Uni Eropa pada tahun 2012 sehingga mendorong Indonesia mengalihkan fokus ekspor CPO ke India, China, dan Pakistan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keunggulan komparatif CPO Indonesia dibandingkan dengan Malaysia, Thailand, dan Kolombia dengan menggunakan analisis Revealed Comparatif Advantage (RCA) dan mengetahui kinerja ekspor CPO Indonesia di pasar dunia terutama di India, China, Pakistan, dan Belanda dibandingkan produsen CPO lainnya dengan menggunakan pendekatan Constant Market Share (CMS). Analisis RCA menunjukan bahwa Indonesia, Malaysia, Kolombia, dan Thailand sama-sama memiliki keunggulan komparatif pada CPO. Thailand memiliki nilai indeks RCA tertinggi diikuti oleh Malaysia, Kolombia, dan Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis CMS, kinerja ekspor CPO Indonesia lebih rendah dibandingkan Malaysia dalam aspek pertumbuhan, distribusi pasar, dan daya saing; tetapi lebih baik dalam aspek komposisi produk. Peningkatkan keunggulan komparatif CPO memerlukan kebijakan ekspor sinergis antara lain dengan mengadakan kesepakatan perdagangan preferensial, membangun fasilitas penampungan CPO di negara-negara importir utama, memperbaiki distribusi, dan meningkatkan penetrasi pasar.
The Effect of Business Climate on Operations of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Nigeria
Authors: Olubitan Joseph Oluremi 
Published: March 2018

This research investigated the effect of business climate on operations of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. Specifically, the aims were to identify the various business climates affecting SMEs, examine how business climates affects sales turnover of SMEs, and evaluate the effect of business climate on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of SMEs in Nigeria. The research utilized secondary data collected from 2.783 registered businesses in all sectors. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. It reveals that majority of SMEs experience one constraints or another as a major obstacle which includes inadequate electricity supply (53,22%) and access to finance (15,74%). Inferential statistics such as Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) indicated that labour (0,9943; P < 0,05) and infrastructure (0,7133; P < 0,05) are the only significant variables to sales turnover. Meanwhile, the regression analysis shows that raw material, labor, infrastructure and fixed cost are the variables that have a strong predicted variance in TFP at P < 0,05 with p-value of 0,000. Water is also observed to be significant at P < 0,1 with p-value of 0,087.
Adsorption of Cu2+ to biomass ash and its modified product
Authors: Xu Lei , Cui Hongbiao , Zheng Xuebo , Liang Jiani , Xing Xiangyu , Yao Lunguang , Chen Zhaojin , Zhou Jing 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Ash produced by biomass power plants has great potential for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The pollution of toxic heavy metals to water is a worldwide environmental problem. Discharges containing copper, in particular, are strictly controlled because the excessive copper can cause serious harm to the environment and human health. This work aims to investigate the adsorption characteristics of copper ions in aqueous solution by biomass ash and the modified products, and to evaluate their potential application in water pollution control. The biomass ash was modified with a mesoporous siliceous material and functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The surface properties of the biomass ash and the new matrix were studied to evaluate their adsorption property for Cu2+ ions at different pHs, initial metal concentrations and the thermodynamic and kinetic were studied. The chemical and morphological properties of this modified material are analyzed; the specific surface area of the modified biomass ash was nine times that of the initial ash. Both of the two materials showed a strong affinity for Cu2+, and the Langmuir model could best represent the adsorption characteristics of Cu2+ on the two kinds of materials. The adsorption capacity of copper on the material increased with the increase of pH and pH 6 was the optimum pH. Thermodynamic analysis results showed that the adsorption of Cu2+ was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The adsorptions of Cu2+ onto the modified biomass ash followed pseudo-second-order kinetics.
Heavy Metals Distribution in the Artisanal Gold Mining Area in Wonogiri
Authors: Nurcholis Mohammad - , Yudiantoro Dwi Fitri , Haryanto Darban - , Mirzam Abdurrachman - 
Published: March 2018

Artisanal and small gold mining activity in Wonogiri Regency has long been done with problems on environmental quality. This study was aimed to analyze the levels and spatial distribution of heavy metals in the mining area. Survey of mining and amalgamation sites, sampling the soil and tailings had been conducted. There were 66 samples of soil and tailing were collected, analysis of heavy Fe, Mn, Pb, Hg, As and Co, using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Normal distribution test of data was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro Wilk. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was described using Krigging method. Contents of most heavy metals in the area studied were high, except for Co. According to the distribution pattern of heavy metals indicated that the contamination caused by the mining.
The Productivity Burden of Diabetes at a Population Level
Authors: Magliano Dianna J. , Martin Valencia J. , Owen Alice J. , Zomer Ella , Liew Danny 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE
Recent studies suggest that diabetes may impact work productivity. In the current study, we sought to estimate the lifetime and population impact of diabetes on productivity using the novel measure of “productivity-adjusted life years” (PALYs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using age-specific mortality rates and a productivity index attributable to diabetes (akin to the quality of life index, but which adjusts for reduction in productivity) and life table modeling, we estimated years of life and PALYs lost to diabetes among Australians with diabetes currently aged 20–65 years, with follow-up until 69 years. Life tables were first constructed for the cohort with diabetes and then repeated for the same cohort but with the assumption that they no longer had diabetes. The “nondiabetic” cohort had lower mortality rates and improved productivity. The differences in total years of life lived and PALYs lived between the two cohorts reflected the impact of diabetes.

RESULTS
Overall, diabetes reduced total years of life lived by the cohort by 190,219 years or almost 3%. Diabetes reduced PALYs by 11.6% and 10.5% among men and women, respectively. For both sexes, the impact of diabetes on productivity was lowest in those aged 65–69 years and highest in those 20–24 years. Among the latter, PALYs were reduced by 12.2% and 11.0% for men and women, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Elimination of diabetes can prolong life years lived by the whole population and increase the amount of productive years lived. Employers and government should be aware that having diabetes affects work force productivity and implement prevention programs to reduce the impact of diabetes on the workforce.
PESQUISAS DENOMINADAS ESTADO DA ARTE SOBRE AVALIAÇÃO E MATEMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Roveda Crislaine de Anunciação , Freitas Fabrício Monte , Silva João Alberto da , Marques Paola Reyer 
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho consiste em um levantamento de produções científicas nacionais produzidas nos últimos cinco anos, a fim de identificar o que vem sendo produzido referente ao ensino das crianças na etapa da Pré-Escola. Os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram em uma análise no banco de dados (2012 - 2016) do Seminário Internacional de Pesquisa em Educação Matemática, Encontro Nacional de Educação Matemática, Boletim de Educação Matemática, Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação e Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. O corpus inicial do estudo constitui-se de 2196 trabalhos, após a realização de três triagens, encontramos o corpus de análise, constituído de 24 trabalhos que comtemplaram cinco temáticas: Avaliação, Conteúdos de Aprendizagem; Desempenho do aluno, Pesquisas bibliográficas e Estados da Arte e Práticas Pedagógicas. Direcionamos nosso estudo nas contribuições da avaliação matemática na Educação Infantil, nossa análise restringiu-se a quatro produções, organizadas nas categorias Avaliação na Educação Infantil, discutida através da utilização de relatórios e teste psicológico, apontando limites e possibilidades desses instrumentos e Desempenho do aluno na Educação Infantil, constatando-se que há uma influência da etapa da Educação Infantil no processo de aprendizagem do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental, onde prioriza-se o ensino das linguagens, oral e escrita em relação as habilidades Matemáticas. Nas duas categorias, verifica-se que a avaliação nessa etapa de ensino abrange um caráter prevalentemente formativo. O estudo revelou que essa temática é ainda incipiente, o que reforça a necessidade de aprofundar estudos.