bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Ceramic Material Type and Cement Shade on the Translucency of Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Veneers
Authors: Malallah Ali Dhahee , Hasan Nadia H. , Qasim Mohammed Hazim 
Published: November 2024

Aims: Careful selection of materials and resin cement shade can minimize color changes in laminate veneers. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of two ceramic material types, lithium disilicate glass–ceramic material (Ivoclar, Schaan/Liechtenstein; IPS e.max), computer aided design (CAD) and IPS e.max Press, and four different resin cement shades on color changes in lithium disilicate ceramic laminate veneers.Methods: Forty extracted human maxillary first premolars were prepared to receive a laminate veneer. Optical scanning and digital designing were used to prepare 20 IPS e.max CAD and 20 IPS e.max Press veneer samples. These samples were divided into four groups based on resin cement shade and material: Group CAD A1 : (IPS e.max CAD with A1 cement shade), Group CAD T : (IPS e.max CAD with translucent cement shade), Group CAD M : (IPS e.max CAD with milky bright cement shade), Group CAD B1 : (IPS e.max CAD with B1 cement shade) and the same divisions for IPS e.max Press. Before cementation, color measurements were obtained using precision colorimeter NR110. After cementation, the ∆E (color change) value was recorded and tabulated. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s post hoc test were used to evaluate the influence of ceramic material types and cement shade on ∆E.Results: There were significant differences between the IPS e.max CAD and e.max Press veneers for the four tested cement shades. The highest color change was observed in press M veneers (8.84 ± 0.63931) while the lowest color change was observed in CAD M veneers (0.5 ± 0.16371). There were significant differences in color change based on cement shade, with B1 showing the greatest change (8.84 ± 0.47440 for Press veneers and 2.3 ± 0.11992 for CAD veneers).Conclusions: Different shades of resin cements and different manufacturing techniques produce different levels of color changes therefore careful selection of materials and cement shade can minimize color changes in laminate veneers.
Human Rights in Limbo: A Human Rights Analysis of Religious Freedom Protections in European Asylum Centres
Authors: McDonald Kareem P. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines the legal protections for religious freedom afforded to non- detained asylum seekers and refugees in European asylum centres, highlighting the gap between theoretical rights and practical implementation. Despite the fundamental right to freedom of religion or belief, asylum seekers often face coercion, verbal and physical attacks, and restrictions on their religious practices within these centres. The absence of regulations or guidelines exacerbates these problems, leaving operators in a legal grey area and the religious freedom rights of asylum seekers in limbo. The article also examines how the privatisation of refugee reception impacts human rights obligations and the dual nature of state responsibilities—both negative and positive—regarding religious freedom. It emphasises the necessity for the implementation of regulations and guidelines to guarantee the enforcement of religious freedom protections, with the objective of safeguarding the religious freedom rights of asylum seekers and refugees in European asylum centres.
On the Axiological Shift in Europe and Its Impact on the European System of Human Rights as Exemplified by the Council of Europe and European Union
Authors: Budziszewska Anita 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article investigates shifts in the primary sources of political and axiological discourse in Europe in the area of human rights. Assumed that there may have been two main causes, firstly, the ongoing cultural change in Europe and the departure from the Christian cultural and axiological foundations in Europe, which also affects the interpretation of human rights, is discussed. Secondly, there may perhaps have been progressive change in the source of human rights, and a departure from the concept of human dignity as a universal source of human rights, in the direction of a European cultural interpretation. This change will be shown by reference the Council of Europe and the EU. The theoretical inspiration for this article has been the theory of Christian Reus Smit, who in his own way shows an alternative history to the formation of the structures of the international system, showing that its fragmentation has been taking place around the consolidation of societies (and states) around newly-created rights. Taking this inspiration into account, the article tries to look at Europe through this prism and the European system of human rights protection in relation to the universal one.
Hippology Between Indic and Persianate Textual Traditions: The Śalihotra of Gulbarga
Authors: Speziale Fabrizio , Orthmann Eva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article looks at the translation of Indian sources on horses in the Persianate culture of South Asia. Horses were an essential tool of Muslim armies and their military hegemony in South Asia. In the regional sultanates, local rulers competed in making Indian sources on hippology available in the Persian language. This contribution focuses on the Tarjoma-ye Sālutar (The Translation of Śalihotra, 1407–8), a translation of an Indian text on hippology produced in Gulbarga for Ahmad I Shāh Vali (r. 1422–35). The Tarjoma-ye Sālutar was rendered into Persian by ʿAbdollāh b. Safi via an intermediate translation in a vernacular language made by a local scholar named Durgadāsa. The use of intermediate translations has often been considered a practice that developed at the court of the Mughal emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605). Yet the method of translation used for the Tarjoma-ye Sālutar shows that this practice goes back to the Sultanate period. This article explores the contents of the book, including sections dealing with omens taken from horses and veterinary medicine. Furthermore, it explores the way translated materials were adapted to render them more suitable for the new Muslim readership.
Ibn Rushd’s Middle Commentary on the Poetics, or the Ethical Education
Authors: Woerther Frédérique 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In his Talkhīṣ Kitāb Arisṭūṭālīs fī l-Shiʿr (“Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s Poetics”) Ibn Rushd (Averroes, d. 595/1198) strictly defines poetic statements (al-aqāwīl al-shiʿriyya) as imaginative (mutakhayyila) statements that imitate the good and the evil, and aim at inciting people to virtue and deterring them from vice. Yet the traces of the Aristotelian ethical doctrine in this Commentary are not restricted to this link to virtue ethics, as the entire text follows at different levels the division between virtue/vice and good/evil. Ibn Rushd also refers to the teaching of ethics when discussing the object of poetic imitation (al-tashbīh wa-l-muḥākāt), the different natures he distinguishes among poets, and the genres of panegyric (madīḥ) and satire (hijāʾ). However, recent scholarship tends to view the Poetics in the Islamic context as a fundamentally logical treatise. Following the Alexandrian tradition, the falāsifa sought, at least since al-Fārābī (d. 339/950), to justify and explain the position of the Poetics in the Organon by defining, for example, the logical and psychological mechanisms of the poetical syllogism. More specifically, philosophers drew parallels between the role of imagination (takhayyul) in the poetical context and the role of assent or conviction (taṣdīq) in the other logical arts, and in particular in the Rhetoric (al-Khiṭāba).
The purpose of this contribution is to demonstrate that the Poetics, according to Ibn Rushd, is a treatise that combines logic and ethics and determines in that respect the conditions and the rules of a practical education of the citizens. Like the rhetoric whose political value was already determined, poetics also plays a role in defining the nature and the content of the poetical statements that are to be employed in order to encourage people to virtuous actions – that is, the very condition for a virtuous political, and thus, a happy life. Straddling between logic and ethics, poetry is therefore fundamentally political.
On Divination in the Xunzi and Beyond: A Brief Note with Implications for the Modern Couplings of Secular vs. Sacred, the Personal vs. the Communal, and Monarchical and Autocratic
Authors: Nylan Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Human beings’ brains are hardwired to see the world in binaries, such as “rational” vs. “superstitious” or “credulous,” “secular” vs. “sacred,” and in concept clusters, such as “monarchical” and “autocratic.” This essay argues that many binaries we have applied to divination theories and practices in the early empires in China contradict the worldviews expressed in the texts from that period, which presumed an extended community composed of the living and the dead over multiple generations, rather than individual lifespans that end with death. In addition, like Aristotle but unlike most moderns, they did not regard all monarchies as autocratic.
The Tricks of Jing (Jing jue 荆決): The Beginnings of jue 決/訣 as an Epistemic Genre
Authors: Cook Constance A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Chinese genre of text named jue 訣 dates back to the Han dynasty. It encompassed esoteric Daoist manuals and medical handbooks, translated as “tricks,” “methods,” “instructions,” “secret instructions,” and “rhymes.” This essay translates “tricks” and “secrets” for its early use, referring to “writings” (shu 書) linked to privately transmitted technical information, such as divination tricks, alchemical techniques, or medical recipes. Initially, these writings relied on oral instructions and implicit knowledge (“orally transmitted secrets,” koujue 口訣). By the medieval period, as seen in the Dunhuang manuscripts, the link to exclusive oral instruction had weakened, and the jue genre evolved into “how-to” (hezhi 何知) manuals for quick reference in a broader body of formally transmitted texts, like “canons, scriptures” (jing 經). The jue genre began as rhematic (rather than thematic), specifying techniques or “methods” (fa 法), whether Daoist, medical, or divinatory.
An Extreme Predecessor Rain Event in Central China Amplified by Upper-Level Jet Streak
Authors: Rao Chenhong , Chen Guanghua , Ran Lingkun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive study is conducted on a predecessor rain event (PRE) closely associated with the upper-level jet (ULJ) in central China during July 2021, utilizing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The ULJ and precipitation patterns are reasonably reproduced in the control experiment. In the sensitivity experiment (NOULJ), the ULJ is largely suppressed by the piecewise potential vorticity inversion method. The comparison of the two simulations indicates that the ULJ promotes the development of secondary circulation, lower-level jet (LLJ), moisture transport, and atmospheric instability. Synergistic effects among these processes amplify this PRE. The strong updrafts in the precipitation region are closely associated with the inverse secondary circulation that develops on the south side of ULJ entrance. The upper-level mass divergence associated with the ULJ enhances the lower-level convergence, promoting the development of lower-level vorticity and LLJ. The LLJ facilitates moisture transport into the precipitation region and increasing atmospheric instability. In contrast, the precipitation in NOULJ is decreased by 34% due to the weakening of favorable conditions.
A scoping review of global patterns in reporting race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion in palliative care randomized controlled trials: Recommendations for transparency
Authors: Witham Gary , Regier Natalie G , Abshire Saylor Martha , Allgood Sarah , Curriero Samantha , Gray Tamryn F , Gunes Elifnur , Hansen Bryan R , Levy Reena , Nelson Katie E , Petchler Claire M , Singer Cohen Rebecca , Wright Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

Background: Though randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological palliative care interventions have shown positive outcomes, findings are often generalized with limited consideration for the impact of the influence of race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion on said outcomes. Aim: To identify trends and gaps in global reporting of racial, ethnic, nationality, and religious demographics in non-pharmacological palliative care randomized controlled trials. Design: We conducted a scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs methodology, Data sources: Global randomized controlled trials published in English, between 1999 and 2021 extracted from databases: Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria were non-pharmacological palliative care interventions for people with serious conditions reporting on one or more of the demographics of race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion. Results: Our review included 131 (44%) articles published from 19 countries, predominantly the USA ( n = 84, 64%). Most studies focused on cancer ( n = 71, 54%) in inpatient settings ( n = 85, 64%). Race was the most commonly reported demographic ( n = 93, 70%), followed by ethnicity ( n = 54, 41%), religion ( n = 46, 35%), nationality ( n = 20, 15%). Within racial reporting, 86 (92%) indicating a majority White/Caucasian sample. Only 14 (10%) articles provided context connecting participant demographics to intervention outcomes. Demographic data was discussed only as a limitation to generalizability in 18 cases (41%). Conclusions: Improving greater transparency in study reporting of social and historical context about population demographics, including specific demographic data collected, may better identify unmet palliative needs, facilitate cross-cultural interpretation, and improve adaptation and implementation of non-pharmacological palliative care interventions.
The prognostic value of cystography-measured bladder capacity on very early continence rates after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Stankovic Mladen , Schumacher Bastian 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To assess the utility and reliability of cost-effective cystography-measured bladder capacity as a prognostic tool for predicting very early continence recovery following radical prostatectomy. Additionally, the study aims to discuss the clinical implications of the findings, including their potential impact on patient management, postoperative rehabilitation strategies, and the development of personalized care pathways for prostate cancer patients. Methods: In this prospective monocentric study, we analyzed 223 patients who underwent either robot assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) or open radical prostatectomy (ORP) between January 2022 and January 2024. Postoperative cystography was routinely performed 5 days after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and 7 days after open radical prostatectomy. Very early continence rates were determined using a standardized pad-test conducted on the first day following catheter removal. The bladder capacity during cystography was measured and documented for every patient. The correlation between the rate of continence recovery and the bladder capacity was then assessed. To determine other predictive factors for recovery of continence, several parameters were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis, including age, prostate volume, nerve-sparing technique and surgical procedure. Results: Urinary continence rates at day 1 after catheter removal were 73.5% for patients who underwent RARP and 72.6% for patients who underwent ORP. A strong prognostic value of cystography-measured bladder capacity on very early continence rates was reported ( p < 0.001), with a cut-off value calculated to be 140 ml of bladder capacity. After adjusting for additional variables such as age, surgical procedure, prostate volume and nerve-sparing technique, multivariate linear model analysis still found a strong correlation between cystography-measured bladder capacity and very early continence rates ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: The cystography-measured bladder capacity may be a good predictor of the recovery of post-prostatectomy urinary continence.
Outcomes of Emicizumab in Acquired Hemophilia Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ikbel Ghachem , Hela Baccouche , Yassine Kaabar Mohamed , Hamida Khemiri , Kamel Ben Salem 
Published: November 2024

Background Emicizumab, a bispecific factor VIII mimetic antibody, was approved in 2018 for bleeding prophylaxis in congenital hemophilia A with or without inhibitors. Since then, several case reports and case series have described the off-label use of emicizumab in acquired hemophilia A (AHA), and data from two clinical trials were recently published (AGEHA, GTH-AHA-EMI). Objectives To describe the reported data on the outcomes of emicizumab, highlighting its benefit/risk profile in treatment. Methods We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar up to August 2024, including all scientific articles reporting clinical outcomes of emicizumab use in patients with AHA. Results Thirty-two studies were included in the final review, covering a total of 171 AHA patients. The majority started emicizumab for active bleeding management and prophylaxis with various regimens. Follow-up duration and remission criteria varied. Two clinical trials supported the use of emicizumab for bleeding prophylaxis with a new dosing regimen and completion criteria. Bleeding was well managed in all cases, with no major recurrent bleeds. Some adverse events were reported : 3 cases of deep venous thrombosis, 2 cases of stroke, and 2 cases of anti-emicizumab drug antibodies developing in patients with thromboembolic risk factors. Conclusions Based on published data, emicizumab appears to be effective in bleeding management and prophylaxis in AHA patients, with a favorable benefit/risk profile.
Changes in choroidal thickness and lamina cribrosa position in subjects with overdipper pattern of arterial pressure
Authors: Cerveró A. , Gutiérrez B. , Cerveró C. , Crespo S. , Casado A. , Riancho J. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction The purpose is to analyze the changes produced in subjects with an overdipper pattern of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring with the aim of understanding the pathophysiology of normal tension glaucoma. Methods A cross sectional study was performed in patients exhibiting overdipper and non-overdipper blood pressure patterns, respectively. Different optic parameters were assessed including the analysis of ganglion cell layer (GCL), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), as well as changes produced in choroidal thickness (CT) and lamina cribrosa (LC) position at two different periods of the day (early morning and evening). Results A total of 80 eyes (42 overdipper and 38 non-overdipper) were analyzed. A shortening of the distance at the beginning and end of the LC was objectified in the overdipper subjects ( p < 0.003) as well as a statistically significant shift of the LC between morning and evening measurements in the overdipper subjects ( p < 0.023). In addition, a significant thickening was found in 13 measurements of the horizontal and vertical plane CT ( p < 0.029) of the overdipper subjects and a thickening of the CT in both groups in the morning. No significant differences in pRNFL, BMO-MRW and GCL measures were objectified. Conclusions Morning assessment in overdipper subjects showed a deeper LC and a LC shift in comparison to evening values. In addition, an increase in CT was found in these subjects. Altogether, these findings could illustrate an etiopathogenic mechanism of the damage produced in normal tension glaucoma associated to the overdipper pattern.
Bagel sign and how to avoid it in DMEK surgery
Authors: Pagano Luca , Alfaqawi Fadi , Borgia Alfredo , Aiello Francesco , Airaldi Matteo , Kaye Stephen B , Romano Vito 
Published: November 2024

Purpose To provide a detailed description of the recommended surgical technique for gas injection during Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery and highlight intraoperative sign that emerged in case of fluid retention in the interface. Methods Gas injection recommended surgical technique is 2 steps procedure using a 1 ml syringe: the first step consists in injecting centrally to the graft and very slowly a bubble of gas smaller than the DMEK graft size, the second step, after checking the absence of fluid interface (no bagel sign), consists in enlarging the gas bubble to the desired filling. Results Bagel sign allows surgeons to look for interface fluid and correct for potential issues leading to graft detachment. The recommended surgical technique for gas injection also may help to prevent fluid retention in the interface and reduce the risk of graft detachment. Conclusion Detecting a fluid interface retention at the end of DMEK surgery through iOCT or simply looking for the bagel sign may help to prevent post-operative complications.
Impact of Green-synthesized Copper Silver Nanoparticles Against Human Colon Cancer Cells Utilizing Sargassum muticum Extract in Terms of Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis
Authors: Almutairi Bader O. , Ali Daoud , Almarzoug Mohammed H. A. , Asiri Atheer M. , Alkahtani Saad , Alarifi Saud 
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives Brown seaweed, Sargassum muticum, can grow up to a maximum length of 10 m. This study aimed to create novel bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) by utilizing the entire plant extract. The bimetallic green-Ag-CuNPs was synthesized by using these substances extract of Sargassum muticum algae, copper oxide (CuO), silver (AgCl) by a reduction procedure and studied its toxic action against human colon cancer (HCT-116) cells. Methods SEM and TEM were used to measure the NPs’ size prior to the treatment of g-Ag-Cu NPs. The g-Ag-Cu nanoparticles had a circular shape and measured 46 ± 1 nm in size. MTT and NRU tests were used to assess the cytotoxicity of g-Ag-Cu NPs on HCT-116 cells. Results The results showed that the cytotoxicity of NPs increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) for HCT-116 cells at 24 h was determined to be 66.4 μg/ml based on the MTT result. At 50 µg/ml of g-Ag-Cu NPs, HCT-116 cells generated large amounts of intracellular ROS, induced caspase 3/7. Using Rhodamine123 labeling, the impact of NPs on mitochondrial membrane potential in HCT-116 cells was evaluated and it was highly compromised at 50 µg/ml of g-Ag-Cu NPs. Expression of apoptotic protein was assessed by using protein array methods and it was down and up regulated as per concentration of exposure of g-Ag-Cu NPs. Conclusion Our findings support the g-Ag-Cu NPs’ lethal effects on human colon cancer cells. We believe that because this nanoparticle increases cytotoxicity and triggers apoptosis, it may be useful as a supplement in the treatment of colon cancer.