bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of intradermal microdosing of a transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 antagonist on heat evoked pain and thermal thresholds in normal and ultraviolet‐C exposed skin in healthy volunteers
Authors: Sjögren Erik , Ståhle Lars , Quiding Hans , Jonzon Bror , Halldin Magnus M. , Sundgren Anna K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThree TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Receptor 1) antagonists were developed for testing in situ in human skin (Sjögren et al., 2016; Sjögren et al., 2018; Sjögren et al., 2018). The first human study using these compounds and capsaicin, was performed to determine the required local antagonist concentrations needed for target engagement (Proof of Mechanism, PoM) (Sjögren et al., 2018). In this paper, the aim was to address a TRPV1 antagonist's ability to inhibit a more complex pain signal and to define translational endpoints that could be used in further drug development, when progressing orally bioavailable TRPV1 antagonists as novel analgesic medications.MethodThis was a single centre, placebo‐controlled, clinical proof of principle (PoP) study in 25 healthy volunteers. The subjects were exposed to UV irradiation, causing a local tissue inflammation. Three different doses of AZ12048189 were administered to assess pain perception through quantitative sensory testing (QST) and erythema using Laser Doppler scanning.ResultsAZ12048189 increased the warmth detection threshold (WDT) and the heat pain threshold (HPT) and decreased the intensity of supra threshold heat pain (STHP). AZ12048189 did not, however, have any significant effects as assessed using mechanical stimulation or Laser Doppler.ConclusionsThis study validated translational tools to confirm target engagement for TRPV1 antagonists; WDT, HPT and STHP have utility in this respect, after oral administration of a TRPV1 antagonist. This study also proved that TRPV1 antagonists can inhibit a more complex, non‐capsaicin dependent thermally induced pain signal.
Species selection and assessment of eco‐engineering effects of seedlings for biogeomorphological landscape experiments
Authors: Lokhorst Ivar R. , de Lange Sjoukje I. , van Buiten Gerard , Selaković Sanja , Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLandscape experiments of fluvial environments such as rivers and deltas are often conducted with live seedlings to investigate effects of biogeomorphological interactions on morphology and stratigraphy. However, such experiments have been limited to a single species, usually alfalfa (Medicago sativa), whereas important environments in nature have many different vegetation types and eco‐engineering effects. Landscape experimentation would therefore benefit from a larger choice of tested plant species. For the purpose of experimental design our objective was to identify fast‐germinating and fast‐growing species and determine their sensitivity to flow conditions during and after settling, their maximum growth, hydraulic resistance and added bank strength. We tested germination time and seedling growth rate of 18 candidate species with readily available seeds that are fast growing and occur at waterlines, plus Medicago sativa as a control. We selected five species that germinate and develop within days and measured properties and eco‐engineering effects depending on plant age and density, targeting typical experimental conditions of 0–0.3 m/s flow velocity and 0–30 mm water depth. Tested eco‐engineering effects include bank strength and flow resistance. We found that Rumex hydrolapathum can represent riparian trees. The much smaller Veronica beccabunga and Lotus pedunculatus can represent grass and saltmarsh species as they grow in dense patches with high flow resistance but are readily erodible. Sorghum bicolor grows into tall, straight shoots, which add significantly to bank strength, but adds little flow resistance and may represent sparse hardwood trees. Medicago sativa also grows densely under water, suggesting a use for mangroves and perhaps peat. In stronger and deeper flows the application of all species changes accordingly. These species can now be used in a range of landscape experiments to investigate combined effects on living landscape patterns and possible facilitation between species. The testing and treatment methodology can be applied to new species and other laboratory conditions. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2019 The Authors Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd © 2019 The Authors Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effect of flame retardants on flame propagation and flammability properties of oil palm fibre reinforced polyester composite
Authors: Suoware Timine O. , Edelugo Sylvester O. , Ezema Ikechukwu C. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOil palm fibre reinforced polyester composite (OPFC) was modified with aluminium tri‐hydroxide (ATH), ammonium phosphate and gum arabic (APP‐GAP) intumescent compound, and their hybrid (ATH/APP‐GAP) flame retardants (FRs) at 0%, 12%, and 18% proportion using hand lay‐up compression moulding technique. The effect of the FR loadings on impact strength, flammability properties, and flame propagation were examined using an impact tester, cone calorimeter apparatus (CCA), and flame spread apparatus (FSA), respectively. The results shows that the FRs added to OPFC enhanced the impact strength of the composite showing greater absorbed energy for 0%OPFC and 12%APP‐GAP specimens. CCA results reveal that 18%ATH/APP‐GAP hybrid specimen enhanced the flammability properties better at 50 kW m−2, while at 25 kW m−2, the performance of the specimens varied in properties with content and type of FR loadings. FSA results reveal that with 18%ATH/APP‐GAP hybrid specimen, weakest flame energy for propagation and less flame travel distance could be achieved and suggests a better FR. This paper concludes that the hybrid FR specimen can be of great benefit to the building and transportation industries.
Functional network connectivity impairments and core cognitive deficits in schizophrenia
Authors: Adhikari Bhim M. , Hong L. Elliot , Sampath Hemalatha , Chiappelli Joshua , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. , Rowland Laura M. , Calhoun Vince D. , Du Xiaoming , Chen Shuo , Kochunov Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCognitive deficits contribute to functional disability in patients with schizophrenia and may be related to altered functional networks that serve cognition. We evaluated the integrity of major functional networks and assessed their role in supporting two cognitive functions affected in schizophrenia: processing speed (PS) and working memory (WM). Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data, N = 261 patients and 327 controls, were aggregated from three independent cohorts and evaluated using Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis rsfMRI analysis pipeline. Meta‐ and mega‐analyses were used to evaluate patient‐control differences in functional connectivity (FC) measures. Canonical correlation analysis was used to study the association between cognitive deficits and FC measures. Patients showed consistent patterns of cognitive and resting‐state FC (rsFC) deficits across three cohorts. Patient‐control differences in rsFC calculated using seed‐based and dual‐regression approaches were consistent (Cohen's d: 0.31 ± 0.09 and 0.29 ± 0.08, p < 10−4). RsFC measures explained 12–17% of the individual variations in PS and WM in the full sample and in patients and controls separately, with the strongest correlations found in salience, auditory, somatosensory, and default‐mode networks. The pattern of association between rsFC (within‐network) and PS (r = .45, p = .07) and WM (r = .36, p = .16), and rsFC (between‐network) and PS (r = .52, p = 8.4 × 10−3) and WM (r = .47, p = .02), derived from multiple networks was related to effect size of patient‐control differences in the functional networks. No association was detected between rsFC and current medication dose or psychosis ratings. Patients demonstrated significant reduction in several FC networks that may partially underlie some of the core neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The strength of connectivity‐cognition relationships in different networks was strongly associated with network's vulnerability to schizophrenia.
Charting shared developmental trajectories of cortical thickness and structural connectivity in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Ball Gareth , Beare Richard , Seal Marc L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe cortex is organised into broadly hierarchical functional systems with distinct neuroanatomical characteristics reflected by macroscopic measures of cortical morphology. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging allows the delineation of areal connectivity, changes to which reflect the ongoing maturation of white matter tracts. These developmental processes are intrinsically linked with timing coincident with the development of cognitive function. In this study, we use a data‐driven multivariate approach, nonnegative matrix factorisation, to define cortical regions that co‐vary together across a large paediatric cohort (n = 456) and are associated with specific subnetworks of cortical connectivity. We find that age between 3 and 21 years is associated with accelerated cortical thinning in frontoparietal regions, whereas relative thinning of primary motor and sensory regions is slower. Together, the subject‐specific weights of the derived set of cortical components can be combined to predict chronological age. Structural connectivity networks reveal a relative increase in strength in connection within, as opposed to between hemispheres that vary in line with cortical changes. We confirm our findings in an independent sample.
The response of health systems to after‐hours primary cares in Iran and the selected countries
Authors: Salemi Morteza , Aryankhesal Aidin , Jafari Mehdi 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundAfter‐hours primary care often involves care required for medical conditions managed outside hospitals by a general practitioner. After‐hours care aims at meeting the urgent needs of patients who cannot wait to visit their general practitioner in office hours.AimThe present study aims at comparing the after‐hours primary cares in Iran, Turkey, the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, and the United Kingdom.MethodThis is a descriptive‐comparative study comparing after‐hours primary cares in Iran and selected countries in 2019. Considering the research purpose, data pertaining to each country were collected from valid information sources and the countries were compared based on the comparative table. A framework analysis was used for data analyses.ResultsThe results were stated regarding the model type, dominant model, payments mechanism, the support of insurance organizations, service tariffs, private sector participation, and participation of primary care general practitioners in each country.ConclusionsDifferent countries are using diverse policies to enhance patients' access to general practitioners in out‐of‐office hours. In Iran, however, due to the lack of specific policies to access after‐hour primary cares, people have to use expensive hospital and private cares. An essential step in solving this problem is the availability of general practitioner services at primary care level.
Corruption versus societal trust—New evidence from Poland's limited liability companies
Authors: Malinowska Anna P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the last decades, institutions, especially informal institutions, have become important determinants of economic dynamics, both in the microscale and macroscale. Even though, two of the most important social phenomena, corruption and societal trust, have remained under‐researched vis‐à‐vis corporate financial policies. This study, presenting novel and rigorous econometric evidence, aims to fill this gap. The results, obtained after controlling for endogeneity via the application of a two‐step system general method of moment for dynamic panel data, for 2,665 Polish limited liabilities companies active in the period 2007–2016, highlighted several important issues. First, as regards corruption appeared to negatively impact firm cash balances and flows. Indeed, companies decreased their cash flows and cash balances to shelter themselves from expropriation and additionally actively engaged in transparency management to make their financial situation more opaque and less attractive in terms of extortions. Second, societal trust emerged as important and increased firm cash balances and cash flows. What is more, national accounting standards as well as access to external financing, the banking system specifically, boosted firm cash balances and cash flows. We argue that all the three factors increased firm‐level transparency.
Synthesis of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose and inulin catalyzed by magnetically‐recoverable Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2–HPW nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Lu , Shah Ajay , Michel Frederick C 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUND5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important platform chemical that can be generated from biomass using catalysts and used for the production of biofuels and biobased polymers.RESULTSIn this study, a novel magnetically‐recoverable catalyst (Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2−HPW) was synthesized for the first time by immobilizing H3PW12O40 (HPW) on the surfaces of SiO2 and TiO2‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. A number of techniques, including inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nitrogen (N2) adsorption–desorption analysis, were used to characterize the catalyst. Results showed that the catalyst had a porous structure and the Keggin structure of HPW on the surface of the catalyst was well‐preserved. The catalyst was then used for the syntheses of HMF from fructose and inulin using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent, and the influences of reaction temperature and reaction time were investigated. Results showed that HMF yields obtained from fructose and inulin reached 83% and 54%, respectively. After reaction, the catalyst could be easily separated from reaction mixture using an external magnet, and the catalytic activity of the catalyst was well‐preserved after more than five reuses.CONCLUSIONThis magnetically‐recoverable catalyst is efficient not only for the syntheses of HMF from fructose and inulin, but also potentially for the one‐step production of HMF from inulin‐containing biomass, and its magnetic property may overcome the difficulty of catalyst separation from the insoluble biomass residues. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Standardization and reproducibility of sonographic stomach position grades in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Ibirogba Eniola R. , Novoa Y Novoa Victoria Arruga , Sutton Laura F. , Neis Allan E. , Marroquin Amber M. , Coleman Tracey M. , Praska Kathleen A. , Freimund Tamara A. , Ruka Krystal L. , Warzala Vicki L. , Sangi‐Haghpeykar Haleh , Ruano Rodrigo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of stomach position grading in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) as proposed by Cordier et al and Basta et al after standardization of the methods at our center.MethodsWe collected sonographic images from 23 fetuses with left‐sided CDH at our center from 2010 to 2018. Nine operators (one maternal fetal medicine expert and eight sonographers) reviewed the selected images and graded the stomach position according to the methods of Cordier et al and Basta et al. We assessed the interoperator agreement with Fleiss's kappa statistics.ResultsOverall agreement amongst all operators was moderate for both methods proposed by Cordier et al (k = 0.60, SE 0.07, 95% CI 0.47‐0.73, P < .0001) and Basta et al (k = 0.60, SE 0.06, 95% CI 0.47‐0.73, P < .0001). Interoperator agreement was moderate for grade 3 with the method by Cordier et al (k = 0.45, SE 0.09, 95% CI 0.27‐0.64, P < .0001) and fair for grade 4 with the method by Basta et al (k = 0.33, SE 0.08, 95% CI 0.18‐0.49 P < .0001).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates a fair to moderate interoperator agreement of the stomach position grading methods proposed in the literature after standardization of the methods at our center. Further multicenter studies are needed to confirm our results.
Comparison and evaluation of the efficacy of compressed SENSE (CS) and gradient‐ and spin‐echo (GRASE) in breath‐hold (BH) magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
Authors: He Ming , Xu Jin , Sun Zhaoyong , Wang Shitian , Zhu Liang , Wang Xiaoqi , Wang Jiazheng , Feng Feng , Xue Huadan , Jin Zhengyu 
Published: July 2019

Contract grant sponsorChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Initiative for Innovative Medicine; Contract grant number: 2017‐I2M‐1‐001; Contract grant sponsor: Outstanding Youth Fund of Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Contract grant number: JQ201704; Contract grant sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Contract grant number: 81871512; Contract grant sponsor: National Public Welfare Basic Scientific Research Program of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Contract grant numbers: 2018PT32003 and 2017PT32004.BackgroundBoth compressed‐sensing (CS) and gradient‐ and spin‐echo (GRASE) sequences can achieve 3D magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) with a single breath‐hold (BH). This work hypothesized that compared with conventional navigator‐triggered (NT)‐MRCP, the two BH‐MRCP protocols, GRASE and CS, may provide better imaging quality, especially for patients with irregular breathing.PurposeTo evaluate and compare the image quality and diagnostic performance of three MRCP protocols.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSeventy‐four patients suspected to have duct‐related pathologies were enrolled.Field Strength3.0T.SequencesNT‐MRCP, BH‐CS‐MRCP, and BH‐GRASE‐MRCP.AssessmentBreath regularity was evaluated subjectively according to the respiratory waves. The acquisition time was compared. The pancreaticobiliary system was divided into 12 segments and evaluated on a 5‐point scale. The diagnostic performance of the three MRCPs was evaluated and compared.Statistical TestsThe Friedman test with a post‐hoc test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, McNemar test, and Kendall's W test were used.ResultsThe BH‐MRCP decreased the scan time significantly (P < 0.05). The overall imaging scores of GRASE‐MRCP and CS‐MRCP were significantly higher than that of NT‐MRCP for patients with irregular breathing (4.283 and 4.283 vs. 3.000, both P < 0.05). Compared with NT‐MRCP, the diagnostic performance of BH‐CS and BH‐GRASE MRCP was significantly improved for patients with irregular breathing (AUC = 0.860 and 0.863 vs. 0.572, both P < 0.001).Data ConclusionCompared with conventional NT‐MRCP, the overall imaging quality and diagnostic performance of BH‐CS and BH‐GRASE MRCP were not significantly different for patients with regular breathing and significantly superior for patients with irregular breathing.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:824–832.
Robotic vs laparoscopic hemihepatectomy: A comparative study from a single center
Authors: Wang Zi‐Zheng , Tang Wen‐Bo , Hu Ming‐Gen , Zhao Zhi‐Ming , Zhao Guo‐Dong , Li Cheng‐Gang , Tan Xiang‐Long , Zhang Xuan , Lau Wan Yee , Liu Rong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundRobotic surgery is increasingly being used in hepatectomy. Previous studies comparing the robotic and laparoscopic minor hepatectomy have been documented, but comparative studies on robotic and laparoscopic hemihepatectomy (LH) involving a large patient cohort are rare. The objective of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes between robotic and LH.MethodsData on the demographics, clinicopathologic characteristics, and perioperative outcomes of consecutive patients who underwent robotic or LH in a single center between November 2011 and July 2017 were analyzed.ResultsA total of 92 patients underwent robotic and 48 LH. Multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant difference in perioperative outcomes including operative time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications, and mortality between the groups. Compared to the laparoscopic cohort, the robotic cohort had a significantly less estimated blood loss (120.24 mL; 95% confidence interval, 53.72‐186.76) and a significantly lower conversation rate (1.09% vs 10.42%; P = .034). Stratified and interaction analyses demonstrated that disease type had an interaction effect on the association between the operative approach and the estimated blood loss.ConclusionsRobotic hemihepatectomy was safe and feasible in selected patients. It had similar perioperative outcomes as LH and was better than LH regarding estimated blood loss and open conversion.
A method toward constituents with weak response in mass spectra for comprehensively characterizing constituents in traditional Chinese medicine formula, Kangfuxiaoyanshuan as a case
Authors: Xie Ziye , Yu Chanjuan , Gao Xiaoyan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHow to identify the traces with weak response and poor mass spectrometry data is still a barrier to comprehensively characterize chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine formula. Thus, we took Kangfuxiaoyanshuan as a carrier to perform a method toward these weak response constituents in mass spectra. Chemical constituents profiling spectra of each herb and formula were firstly obtained by an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Next, the high response constituents in the formula were identified and suspicious constituents with weak response were classified preliminarily according to the reflection of chemical components from each herb. In order to clarify the suspicious, a method increasing detection concentration, optimizing chromatographic separation conditions, and online parameters in mass was established. As a result, a total of 123 chemical components including 43 suspicious components in Kangfuxiaoyanshuan were classified and characterized unambiguously.