bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma through interacting with miR‐384
Authors: Zhu Liying , Yang Nenghong , Li Chengcheng , Liu Guoqi , Pan Wei , Li Xing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt was reported that long non‐coding RNA nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism of tumorigenesis is still largely unclear. Here, we found that NEAT1 is remarkably upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of NEAT1 notably accelerated HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Knockdown of NEAT1 significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. MiR‐384 expression was lower in HCC tissues and cell lines than adjacent nontumor tissues and L02 cell. MiR‐384 exhibited the functions of tumor‐suppressive. The expression of miR‐384 was negatively correlated with the expression of NEAT1. Overexpression of NEAT1 reduced miR‐384 expression, whereas inhibition of miR‐384 led to a distinct upregulation of NEAT1 expression. In addition, we provided evidence that miR‐384 was directly bound to the sequence of NEAT1 by luciferase reporter and RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation assays. Overexpression of miR‐384 inhibited NEAT1 function. Thus, we demonstrated that NEAT1 promotes the malignant biological properties of hepatocellular carcinoma by negatively regulating miR‐384.
Top‐down analysis of novel synthetic branched proteins
Authors: Gomes Fabio , Lemma Betsegaw , Abeykoon Dulith , Chen Dapeng , Wang Yan , Fushman David , Fenselau Catherine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA strategy for top‐down analysis of branched proteins has been reported earlier, which relies on electron transfer dissociation assisted by collisional activation, and software designed for graphic interpretation of tandem mass spectra and adapted for branched proteins. In the present study, the strategy is applied to identify unknown and novel products of reactions in which rationally mutated proteoforms of Rub1 are used to probe the selectivity of E1 and E2 enzymes normally active in ubiquitination. To test and demonstrate this application, components and attachment sites of three branched dimers are deduced and the mutations are confirmed.
Insights into major facilitator superfamily domain‐containing protein‐2a (Mfsd2a) in physiology and pathophysiology. What do we know so far?
Authors: Eser Ocak Pinar , Ocak Umut , Sherchan Prativa , Zhang John H. , Tang Jiping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMajor facilitator superfamily domain‐containing protein‐2a (Mfsd2a) which was considered as an orphan transporter has recently gained attention for its regulatory role in the maintenance of proper functioning of the blood–brain barrier. Besides the major role of Mfsd2a in maintaining the barrier function, increasing evidence has emerged with regard to the contributions of Mfsd2a to various biological processes such as transport, cell fusion, cell cycle, inflammation and regeneration, managing tumor growth, functioning of other organs with barrier functions or responses to injury. The purpose of this article is to review the different roles of Mfsd2a and its involvement in the physiological and pathophysiological processes primarily in the central nervous system and throughout the mammalian body under the lights of the current literature.
Nonexistence of coexisting steady‐state solutions of Dirichlet problem for a cross‐diffusion model
Authors: Zhu Ningning , Tang De 
Published: October 2018

We study a special case of Shigesada–Kawasaki–Teramoto (SKT) model for two competing species with the Dirichlet boundary conditions. In our case, one of the species is not influenced by self‐diffusion or cross‐diffusion. We specify the explicit range of parameters by contradiction such that there are no coexisting steady‐state solutions to the model.
Milk Powder Co‐Supplemented with Inulin and Resistant Dextrin Improves Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 12‐Week Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Cai Xiaxia , Yu Huanling , Liu Lan , Lu Tong , Li Jingjie , Ji Yacheng , Le Zhiyin , Bao Lei , Ma Weiwei , Xiao Rong , Yang Yuexin 
Published: October 2018

ScopeThe objective of the present study is to evaluate the effects of milk powder co‐supplemented with inulin and resistant dextrin (MPCIR) on elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods and resultsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial is carried out among elderly T2DM patients. The subjects recruited from the community are randomly assigned to either the MPCIR group or placebo group for 12 weeks intervention. Each group receives 45 g milk powder with or without inulin and resistant dextrin. Anthropometric and metabolic variables are measured. For the MPCIR group, systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP are reduced significantly by 5.45 and 4.56 mm Hg (p < 0.001, vs placebo group), respectively. Compared with the placebo group, the fasting and 2‐h postprandial plasma glucose levels, glycosylated serum protein, and insulin resistance index of the MPCIR group are significantly decreased by 0.96 mmol L–1, 1.47 mmol L–1, 16.33 μmol L–1, and 0.65 respectively (p < 0.001). The MPCIR group shows an increase by 7.09 μIU mL–1 and 20.43 in 2‐h postprandial insulin (p = 0.016) and β‐cell function index (p < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionMPCIR supplementation helps to improve glycemic control, insulin resistance, and blood pressure.
Safety of active catheters in MRI: Termination impedance versus RF‐induced heating
Authors: Özen Ali Caglar , Lottner Thomas , Bock Michael 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo investigate the effect of the termination impedance on the RF‐induced heating of active catheters using analytical modeling.Theory and MethodsInteraction of an arbitrary electric (E) field and an isolated transmission line (TL) embedded in cascaded lossy media was analytically modeled. Termination impedances at the tip and the input sides were expressed as distinct parameters in the current and voltage distribution formulae that are obtained by solving the inhomogeneous wave equations using the Green's function approach. The tip specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated for different E field configurations. The tip SAR was displayed on a color‐coded Smith chart in terms of the normalized input reflection coefficient. Results of the analytical calculations were compared to transfer function (TF) measurements. An input impedance control unit that is integrated to the interface circuit was introduced.ResultsTFs from analytical model and measurements exhibited similar behaviors. Color‐coded Smith charts shows that the analytical model and measured TF‐based tip SAR depends strongly on the input reflection coefficient. Both for measured and analytical TFs, SAR can deviate up to 70% from the mean value for different input impedance values.ConclusionThis study shows that it is possible to change the RF‐induced heating characteristics of an active catheter by adjusting the input impedance, and the presented analytical model is in good agreement with TF measurements.
Assessment of flip angle–TR equivalence for standardized dissolved‐phase imaging of the lung with hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI
Authors: Ruppert Kai , Amzajerdian Faraz , Hamedani Hooman , Xin Yi , Loza Luis , Achekzai Tahmina , Duncan Ian F. , Profka Harrilla , Siddiqui Sarmad , Pourfathi Mehrdad , Sertic Federico , Cereda Maurizio F. , Kadlecek Stephen , Rizi Rahim R. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of describing the impact of any flip angle–TR combination on the resulting distribution of the hyperpolarized xenon‐129 (HXe) dissolved‐phase magnetization in the chest using a single virtual parameter, TR90°,equiv.MethodsHXe MRI scans with simultaneous gas‐ (GP) and dissolved‐phase (DP) excitation were performed using 2D projection scans in mechanically ventilated rabbits. Measurements with DP flip angles ranging from 6–90° and TRs ranging from 8.3–500 ms were conducted. DP maps based on acquisitions of similar radio frequency pulse‐induced relaxation rates were compared.ResultsThe observed distribution of the DP magnetization was strongly affected by acquisition flip angle and TR. However, for flip angles up to 60°, measurements with the same radio frequency pulse‐induced relaxation rates, resulted in very similar DP images despite the presence of significant macroscopic gas transport processes. For flip angles approaching 90°, the downstream signal component decreased noticeably relative to acquisitions with lower flip angles. Nevertheless, the total DP signal continued to follow an empirically verified conversion equation over the entire investigated parameter range, which yields the equivalent TR of a hypothetical 90° measurement for any experimental flip angle–TR combination.ConclusionWe have introduced a method for converting the flip angle and TR of a given HXe DP measurement to a standardized metric based on the virtual quantity, TR90°,equiv, using their equivalent RF relaxation rates. This conversion permits the comparison of measurements obtained with different pulse sequence types or by different research groups using various acquisition parameters.
Weak correlation of bleeding scores to platelet electron microscopy: A retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with delta‐storage pool disorder
Authors: Nessle C. N. , Ghosal S. , Mathews C. , Taylor D. , Myers J. , Raj A. , Panigrahi A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundDelta granule storage pool deficiency (δ‐SPD) is a rare platelet disorder in which a deficiency of platelet granules leads to poor aggregation, resulting in varying clinical bleeding phenotypes. Children with δ‐SPD have variable laboratory results, making the proper diagnosis and evaluation controversial.ObjectivesTo describe the demographic and laboratory trends of this population and to assess the value of electron microscopy in diagnostic evaluation and its correlation to bleeding symptoms.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 109 pediatric patients diagnosed with δ‐SPD. We collected demographic information and bleeding scores using a validated bleeding assessment tool. A descriptive and exploratory analysis was performed.ResultsThe majority of patients were female, with an average age at diagnosis of 11.61 years. Females were diagnosed at a significantly older age presenting most often with menorrhagia, while males presented most commonly with epistaxis. The majority showed normal lumiaggregometry, the mean platelet electron microscopy (PEM) value was 2.37, and the mean bleeding score was 6. Bleeding assessment tool and PEM had a significantly weak correlation.ConclusionsPatients with more dense granules per platelet had higher bleeding scores than those with fewer dense granules per platelet. The current body of evidence does not favor the use of PEM in routine clinical practice, and results are difficult to interpret. In patients with severe mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms and normal platelet aggregation studies, consideration should be given to an alternative diagnosis and further evaluation is warranted.
Lung function in a cohort of 5‐year‐old children born very preterm
Authors: Lombardi Enrico , Fainardi Valentina , Calogero Claudia , Puglia Monia , Voller Fabio , Cuttini Marina , Rusconi Franca 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed lung function and respiratory health in an area‐based prospective cohort of preschool children born very preterm.DesignLung function was measured by interrupter respiratory resistance (Rint) and forced oscillation technique (FOT) (respiratory resistance (Rrs8), reactance (Xrs8), and area under the reactance curve (AX)) at a median age of 5.2 years in a cohort of 194 children born at 22‐31 weeks of gestational age (GA) in Tuscany, Italy. Respiratory symptoms and hospitalizations were also assessed.ResultsMean (SD) lung function Z‐scores were impaired in preterm children for Rint (0.72 (1.13)), Xrs8 (‐0.28 (1.34)), and AX (0.29 (1.41)). However, only a relatively small proportion of children (14.5‐17.4%) had values beyond the 95th centile or below the 5th. Children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (n = 24) had slightly but not significantly impaired lung function indices in comparison with those without BPD (n = 170). In a multivariable analysis, lower GA was associated with worse lung function indices. Fifty‐five percent of children had a history of wheezing ever and 21% had been hospitalized in their lifetime because of lower respiratory infections; 31% had wheezing in the last 12 months and this was associated with increased Rrs8 (P = 0.04) and AX (P = 0.08), and with decreased Xrs8 (P = 0.04) Z‐scores.ConclusionsIrrespectively of BPD preschool children born very preterm had impaired lung function indices, as measured by Rint and FOT, and a slightly higher burden of respiratory problems than the general population. GA seems to be crucial for lung development.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 3‐Picrylamino‐1,2,4‐Triazole (PATO) Formulations
Authors: Leonard Philip , Bowden Patrick , Shorty Marvin , Schmitt Matt 
Published: October 2018

Abstract3‐Picrylamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (PATO) is a thermally stable explosive invented at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) almost half a century ago. Despite a rapid and high yielding synthesis, performance data for this promising explosive are scant. We prepared material using Coburn's synthesis, and discovered that the particle size distribution and morphology leads to difficulty in pressing formulations to high density. Three formulations were made using glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), FK‐800, and Estane 5703/nitroplasticizer (NP) as binders. The maximum pressed density of these formulations was 89 % of theoretical maximum density (TMD). We determined detonation velocity and, for the FK‐800 formulation, detonation pressure. The performance of PATO is similar to TATB at equivalent pressed density.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Guanidine Salt Based on 1,1,2,2‐Tetranitraminoethane (TNAE)
Authors: Zhu Chao , Song Panqi , Qiu Lili , Liu Yang , Xu Zhibin , Meng Zihui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel method has been successfully developed to synthesize the guanidine salt of 1,1,2,2‐tetranitraminoethane (TNAE). By the use of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, the structure of the guanidine salt of TNAE was thoroughly characterized. In addition to the thermal stability investigated by TG‐DSC, the kinetic parameters of this kind of material including activation energy and the pro‐exponential factor were also calculated by Kissinger equation. The measurements of impact and friction sensitivity were carried out respectively. According to the theoretical performance calculations, the guanidine salt of TNAE exhibited the excellent detonation pressures and velocities. The solubility analysis for guanidine salt of TNAE by HPLC was performed at different temperatures, revealing the solubility increased with the increasing of temperature. And its solubility was proved to be the best in water among all the experimented solvents, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and acetone followed up. With the great potential in practical application, the guanidine salt of TNAE is of significant value being employed as environmentally friendly gas generant, insensitive explosive and solid propellant.
A role for paracrine interleukin‐6 signaling in the tumor microenvironment in prostate tumor growth
Authors: Yu Shu‐Han , Maynard Janielle P. , Vaghasia Ajay M. , De Marzo Angelo M. , Drake Charles G. , Sfanos Karen S. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a mediator of inflammation that can facilitate prostate cancer progression. We previously demonstrated that IL‐6 is present in the prostate tumor microenvironment and is restricted almost exclusively to the stromal compartment. The present study examined the influence of paracrine IL‐6 signaling on prostate tumor growth using allograft models of mouse prostate cancer (TRAMP‐C2), colon cancer (MC38), and melanoma (B16) cell lines in wildtype (WT) and IL‐6 knockout (IL‐6−/−) mice.MethodsCells were implanted into WT or IL‐6−/− mice and tumor sizes were measured at a 3 to 4 day interval. Serum, tumors, and other organs were collected for IL‐6 analysis by ELISA and RNA in situ hybridization (RISH).ResultsThere was a significant reduction in TRAMP‐C2 and B16 tumor size grown in IL‐6−/− mice versus WT mice (P = 0.0006 and P = 0.02, respectively). This trend was not observed for the MC38 cell line. RISH analysis of TRAMP‐C2 tumors grown in WT mice showed that cells present in the tumor microenvironment were the primary source of IL‐6 mRNA, not the TRAMP‐C2 cells. Serum IL‐6 ELISA analyses showed an increase in the circulating levels of IL‐6 in WT mice bearing TRAMP‐C2 tumors. Similar phospho‐STAT3 expression and tumor vascularization were observed in TRAMP‐C2 tumors grown in WT and IL‐6−/− mice.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with previous studies in prostate cancer patients demonstrating that paracrine IL‐6 production in the tumor microenvironment may influence tumor growth. Additionally, these data provide evidence that elevated systemic IL‐6 levels may be involved in tumor growth regulation in prostate cancer, and are not simply caused by or indicative of tumor burden.
Lack of combination effects of soy isoflavones and taxane chemotherapy of castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Eskra Jillian N. , Schlicht Michael J. , Bosland Maarten C. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPatients with cancer, including prostate cancer, often use dietary supplements, such as soy or isoflavones, before, during, or after therapy. There is little information about possible interactions between supplements and cancer chemotherapy. There are some reports suggesting enhancement by genistein of taxane chemotherapy for castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).MethodsWe investigated whether physiologically attainable concentrations of soy isoflavones (≤10 μM) interact with taxanes on growth inhibition of CRPC cells in vitro and in vivo in nude mice exposed via the diet, on microtubule disassembly in vitro, and on P‐glycoprotein‐mediated drug efflux in 22Rv1 cells and CYP3A4 activity in microsomes.ResultsGenistein, daidzein, and equol did not affect growth of VCaP, 22Rv1, C4‐2, and PC‐3 CRPC cells or growth inhibition of these cells by docetaxel and cabazitaxel. These isoflavones did not inhibit microtubule disassembly in vitro or inhibit the microtubule effects of taxanes and genistein did not bind substantially to microtubules. Genistein considerably inhibited P‐glycoprotein‐mediated drug efflux in 22Rv1 cells and CYP3A4 activity in microsomes. However, dietary supplementation with genistein at 250 and 500 ppm did not affect the tumor growth inhibiting effect of docetaxel on 22Rv1 cells xenografted in nude mice.ConclusionsOur results with relevant cell models and clinically achievable concentrations of soy isoflavones do not support the notion that genistein or other soy isoflavones can enhance the effects of taxane chemotherapy in CRPC cell and xenograft models. Yet, the inhibitory effects of genistein on drug efflux in 22Rv1 cells and on microsomal CYP3A4 activity raise the possibility that genistein can affect taxane effects on CRPC cells in other circumstances than those we studied, which merits further research.
Do not believe the hype: Using case studies and experimental evidence to show why the HSE is wrong about excluding deflagration‐to‐detonation transitions
Authors: Davis Scott , Pagliaro John , Botwinick Drew , DeBold Thomas , van Wingerden Kees , Allason Dan , Johnson D. Michael 
Published: October 2018

A recent report by the UK's Health and Safety Executive postulated that severe explosions can propagate at subsonic speeds but generate overpressures of several bar in open areas and this “new” type of explosion is episodic in nature. The UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) paper based their findings on a specific interpretation of historical data and “empirical evidence” from previous incidents and selected experimental data. They indicate that their results should guide plant design and risk assessment. The report fails to take account of key evidence from recent large‐scale experimental studies and incident investigations in proposing a hypothetical explosion mechanism over those that are known to occur and are well understood. This has the potential to misdirect efforts to manage such events.The first part of the article will review a number of incidents and demonstrate that each of these incidents can indeed be explained by fast deflagrations or transition to detonations, in complete contradiction to the HSE findings. The results found at the incident sites will be directly compared against results from recent DDT work and damage. The second part of the paper will present a novel technique for determining the DDT transition velocity from high‐speed video footage of experiments performed at large scales. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 38: e11998, 2019
Natural Breviscapin, Mangiferin, and a Modified Mangostin Present Inhibitory Effect on Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐IV
Authors: Hou Bo , Kuang Meng‐Ting , Chi Xiao‐Qian , Li Jin‐Yu , Yang Liu , Liu Zhen‐Hua , Yuan Ming‐Yan , Kong Qing‐Hua , Hu Jiang‐Miao , Zhou Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractType 2 diabetes was usually caused by inadequate secretion of insulin or insulin resistance in tissues and organs. About 90% diabetes belongs to type 2 diabetes, which is seriously harmful to human health. Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV) target have attracted much attention because of its ability to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D). Clinical application of chemical synthetic medicines has different degrees of side effects. Therefore, the present evaluation aims to seek DPP‐IV inhibitors as the source of natural products. DPP‐IV inhibitory activities of eight natural products and a structural modification of mangostin (eight chromone of 1–8 and iridoid glycoside for 9) were evaluated by this manuscript at the enzyme level. As a result, three chromones of 2 (a modified mangostin), 3 (mangiferin) and 5 (breviscapin) showed moderate DPP‐IV inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 69.27 μM, 44.19 μM, and 49.53 μM via the use of the fluorescence‐based method (0.25 mM, 0.34 mM and 0.85 mM for the chromogenic substrate method). This study suggests that natural products, which mainly consist by chromone that generated from Mango and Scutellaria baicalensis may have beneficial effects on treating T2D.
An Expeditious Synthesis of Chiral 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Peptidomimetics from Heteroaroyl Monopeptides
Authors: Purushotham Nikil , Poojary Boja 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAmino acid derived amide bond bioisosteric peptidomimetics, such as 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles are generally prepared by two‐step processes as demonstrated well in the literature. There have been no reports on the synthesis of 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles from heteroaroyl peptides in a single step to date. In our work, 1,2,4‐oxadiazole peptidomimetics were synthesized efficiently via one‐pot cyclodehydration of O‐acyl amidoximes engendered in situ, from heteroaroyl monopeptides and aryl or benzyl amidoximes with up to 93% yield. The process utilized DCC as the activating agent and did not considerably affect the conversion with the variation of amidoximes or monopeptides. Hence, the process could be useful in the design and synthesis of novel 1,2,4‐oxadiazole peptidomimetic based therapeutics.