bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term outcomes of robotic‐assisted versus conventional laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for early‐stage cervical cancer: A single‐center study
Authors: Oyama Keisuke , Kanno Kiyoshi , Kojima Ryuji , Shirane Akira , Yanai Shiori , Ota Yoshiaki , Andou Masaaki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimOur hospital adopted laparoscopic surgery for early‐stage cervical cancer in August 1998, with robot‐assisted surgery implemented in October 2013. This study aimed to compare short‐term outcomes for conventional laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and robot‐assisted radical hysterectomy (RARH) and assess the technical feasibility of RARH for early‐stage cervical cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively compared operative time, blood loss, number of resected lymph nodes, length of postoperative hospital stay, rate of positive vaginal margin and perioperative complications between two groups of 121 patients (LRH group, n = 57; RARH group, n = 64) with stage IA2 to IIB, among 164 patients who underwent endoscopic radical hysterectomy for early‐stage cervical cancer performed between January 2010 and December 2017 by an expert surgeon, excluding cases of para‐aortic lymphadenectomy.ResultsNo differences in patient background, in terms of age and body mass index, were identified. For the LRH/RARH groups (mean ± standard deviation), results obtained were as follows: operative time, 211 ± 38/280 ± 59 min (P < 0.01); blood loss, 219 ± 114/370 ± 231 mL (P < 0.01); number of resected lymph nodes, 38.5 ± 15.9/50.2 ± 18.2 (P < 0.01); length of postoperative hospital stay, 11.6 ± 3.3/11.3 ± 4.8 days (P = 0.67); and perioperative complications with Clavien‐Dindo classification of grade III or higher, 1.8/7.8% (P = 0.13).ConclusionThe operative time was significantly longer and blood loss greater in the RARH than LRH group. A greater number of lymph nodes were removed in the RARH group. However, these differences seem to be within a clinically acceptable range, showing that RARH is as feasible and safe as LRH in terms of short‐term outcomes.
Mandibular Implant‐Retained Overdentures: Potential Accelerator of Bone Loss in the Anterior Maxilla?
Authors: Alsrouji Mohamed Samih , Ahmad Rohana , Rajali Aiemeeza , Mustafa Nor Wati Nur Atikah , Ibrahim Norliza , Baba Nadim Z. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare the residual ridge resorption (RRR) of the anterior maxillary bone beneath complete dentures when opposed by mandibular complete dentures (CD) and implant‐retained overdentures (IRO).Materials and Methods18 patients were rehabilitated with maxillary CD opposing mandibular IRO, and 4 patients were prescribed with conventional CD. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of the maxilla were acquired before and 1 year post‐treatment and converted into 3D models using Mimics research software. RRR was quantified by measuring the changes in bone volume following superimpositioning and sectioning of these models at the anterior maxillary region. Subsequently, the sectioned 3D models of the anterior maxilla were exported to 3‐Matic software to reveal the predominant region and depth of RRR.ResultsThe mean reduction in bone volume of the anterior maxilla in the CD group was 2.60% (SD = 1.71%, range = −4.89 % to −0.92%, median = −2.30%), while the mean reduction in the IRO group was almost three times higher at 7.25% (SD = 3.16%, range = −13.25 to −1.50, median = −7.15%). The predominant areas of RRR were on the buccal and occlusal ridge of the anterior maxilla.ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, it may be concluded that an IRO caused significantly higher RRR of the anterior maxilla than a CD.
Not Just a National Issue: Effect of State‐Level Reception of Immigrants and Population Changes on Intergroup Attitudes of Whites, Latinos, and Asians in the United States
Authors: Huo Yuen J. , Dovidio John F. , Jiménez Tomás R. , Schildkraut Deborah J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNational discourse about immigration in the United States has become increasingly unwelcoming. In two studies, we examine whether regional‐level (state) information about welcoming (vs. unwelcoming) immigrant policies in the context of either stable or increasing rate of immigration can influence intergroup relations in receiving communities. Among Whites (Study 1), welcoming policy proposals elicited more positive attitudes toward immigrants generally and toward Latinos, the ethnic group most closely associated with immigration in the United States, but only when rate of immigration is constant. In contrast, among Latinos (Study 2), an unwelcoming reception led to more positive attitudes toward immigrants (legal and undocumented) but again only when rate of immigration is constant. Asians’ attitudes (Study 2) toward immigrants were not affected by contextual information about immigration. Together, these findings suggest that local conditions can affect community members’ attitudes toward immigrants and toward specific ethnic groups associated with immigration.
Metabolic response and volatile profile induced by temperature, on Colletotrichum fragariae and Rhizopus stolonifer
Authors: Rojas‐Flores Claudia , Ventura‐Aguilar Rosa Isela , Bautista‐Baños Silvia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring growth, fungi usually synthesize and emit different metabolic products. The objective of this work was to determine the metabolic activity of Colletotrichum fragariae and Rhizopus stolonifer isolated from strawberries, based on their biomass production, the synthesis of ergosterol and their respiration rate, and to identify their volatile profile, during an incubation period of up to 30 days at 10 and 20°C. For C. fragariae and R. stolonifer, the biomass production at the end of incubation was 30% and 25% higher at 10°C than at 20°C, respectively, and ergosterol production was higher at 10°C than at 20°C. Regardless of the incubation temperature, the typical respiration rate pattern was shown. Terpenes were the major chemical group identified in both fungi, accounting for 41% and 84% of the volatile composition of C. fragariae at 10 and 20°C, respectively, while in the case of R. stolonifer, they represented 59% and 45% at 10 and 20°C, respectively; α‐terpineol was detected during the growing period of C. fragariae and R. stolonifer at 10 and 20°C, whereas γ‐terpinene was emitted only by R. stolonifer at 20°C. Therefore, they might serve as specific indicators of the presence of these two fungi.
Reward motivation normalises temporal attention after sleep deprivation
Authors: Sasmita Karen , Massar Stijn A. A. , Lim Julian , Chee Michael W. L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPreparation of attention facilitates speeded responding at time points with a high probability of target occurrence. Conversely, time points with low target probability are disadvantaged due to lower readiness. When targets are uniformly distributed in time, this effect results in higher readiness after longer preparation times (foreperiods). During sleep deprivation, this temporal bias is amplified, resulting in greater performance decrement when stimuli occur at unfavourable times. In this study, we examined whether reward motivation could modulate this increased temporal bias in response speed. Participants (n = 24) performed the psychomotor vigilance task under four reward conditions (0, 1, 5 or 15c per fast response), both after normal sleep (rested wakefulness) and sleep deprivation. To assess temporal preparation (foreperiod‐effect), trials were binned based on the lead time prior to target presentation (short foreperiod: 1–6 s; long foreperiod: 6–10 s). As previously observed, the foreperiod‐effect (slower reaction time for short foreperiod trials) increased after sleep deprivation. However, this state effect was attenuated with reward, reaching a response speed comparable to that observed in the unrewarded, well‐rested condition. The current findings, therefore, suggest that reward improves overall response performance and normalises temporal attention in sleep‐deprived individuals.
From evidence to national scale: An implementation framework for micronutrient powders in Rwanda
Authors: McLean Judy , Northrup‐Lyons Martina , Reid Robert J. , Smith Lauren , Ho Kathy , Mucumbitsi Alexis , Kayumba Josephine , Omwega Abiud , McDonald Christine , Schauer Claudia , Zlotkin Stanley 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicronutrient powders (MNP) are an efficacious intervention in terms of reducing anaemia among young children, yet challenges remain regarding implementation at scale. Research that can guide effective implementation of nutrition interventions and facilitate integration into existing health care platforms is needed. This paper seeks to advance the implementation science knowledge base by presenting our multiphased strategy and findings for scaling‐up MNP in Rwanda. The multiphased implementation strategy, spanning a 5‐year period (2011–2016), included (a) a feasibility study involving formative research, (b) a 30‐day trial of improved practices (n = 60 households), (c) a 12‐month pilot that included an effectiveness study (n = 1,066 caregiver/child pairs), and (d) a staggered approach to national scale‐up. At the end of Phase 4, the programme had been implemented in 19 of Rwanda's 30 districts with the scale‐up in the final 11 districts completed in the following year. The caregivers of over 270,000 eligible children 6–23 months of age received a box of 30 MNP sachets in the final 3‐month assessment period, representing a coverage rate of 87%. Initial problems with the supply chain and distribution and ongoing challenges to monitoring and reporting have been the largest obstacles. Continued success will be dependent on adequate resources for capacity development, refresher training, and responsive monitoring. Rwanda is one of the first countries to successfully scale‐up home fortification subnationally with MNP. Lessons learned have implications for other countries.
Genetic diversity mirrors trophic ecology in coral reef fish feeding guilds
Authors: Gajdzik Laura , Bernardi Giacomo , Lepoint Gilles , Frédérich Bruno 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGenetic diversity is essential for species persistence because it provides the raw material for evolution. For marine organisms, short pelagic larval duration (PLD) and small population size are characteristics generally assumed to associate with low genetic diversity. The ecological diversity of organisms may also affect genetic diversity with an expected corollary that more restricted habitat and dietary requirements could lead to a reduced genetic diversity because of pronounced genetic structuring. Here, we tested whether groups of species with narrower trophic niches displayed lower genetic diversity than those with broader niches. In order to test those predictions, we used different trophic guilds (i.e., groups of species having similar trophic habits) of coral reef damselfishes in Moorea (French Polynesia) for which we determined their genetic diversity using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and their trophic ecology with stomach contents and stable isotope data. We found that pelagic feeders‐ the guild picking zooplankton in the water column‐ exhibited the lowest genetic diversity despite having the longest PLD and the largest population size. This guild had also the lowest variation in habitat characteristics and dietary composition compared to benthic feeders (i.e., those mainly grazing on algae) and the intermediate group (i.e., those feeding on zooplankton, filamentous algae and small benthic invertebrates). Our findings highlight the association between trophic ecology and genetic diversity that should be more commonly investigated in population genetics.
The role of parasite dispersal in shaping a host–parasite system at multiple evolutionary scales
Authors: Sweet Andrew D. , Johnson Kevin P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractParasite dispersal can shape host–parasite interactions at both deep and shallow timescales. One approach to understanding the effects of dispersal is to study parasite lineages that differ in dispersal capability but are from the same group of hosts. In this study, we compared phylogenetic and population genetic patterns of wing and body lice from ground‐doves. Wing lice are more capable of dispersal than body lice. We sequenced full genomes of individual lice for multiple representatives of several wing and body louse species. From these data, we assembled genes for phylogenetic analysis and called SNPs for population genetic analysis. At the phylogenetic level, body lice showed more codivergence with their hosts than did wing lice. However, both wing and body lice exhibited some phylogenetic congruence with their hosts. Within species, body lice showed more population genetic structure than wing lice, although both types of lice showed some structure according to biogeography. Body lice also had significantly lower heterozygosity than wing lice, suggesting more inbreeding. Our results demonstrate that dispersal can shape a host–parasite system across evolutionary time, but also that other factors (e.g., host association and biogeography) can have varying degrees of influence on different groups of parasites and at different evolutionary scales.
Holobiont suture zones: Parasite evidence across the European house mouse hybrid zone
Authors: Goüy de Bellocq Joëlle , Wasimuddin  , Ribas Alexis , Bryja Josef , Piálek Jaroslav , Baird Stuart J. E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractParasite hybrid zones resulting from host secondary contact have never been described in nature although parasite hybridization is well known and secondary contact should affect them similarly to free‐living organisms. When host populations are isolated, diverge and recontact, intimate parasites (host specific, direct life cycle) carried during isolation will also meet and so may form parasite hybrid zones. If so, we hypothesize these should be narrower than the host’s hybrid zone as shorter parasite generation time allows potentially higher divergence. We investigate multilocus genetics of two parasites across the European house mouse hybrid zone. We find each host taxon harbours its own parasite taxa. These also hybridize: Parasite hybrid zones are significantly narrower than the host’s. Here, we show a host hybrid zone is a suture zone for a subset of its parasite community and highlight the potential of such systems as windows on the evolutionary processes of host–parasite interactions and recombinant pathogen emergence.
Approaches to integrating genetic data into ecological networks
Authors: Clare Elizabeth L. , Fazekas Aron J. , Ivanova Natalia V. , Floyd Robin M. , Hebert Paul D. N. , Adams Amanda M. , Nagel Juliet , Girton Rebecca , Newmaster Steven G. , Fenton M. Brock 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs molecular tools for assessing trophic interactions become common, research is increasingly focused on the construction of interaction networks. Here, we demonstrate three key methods for incorporating DNA data into network ecology and discuss analytical considerations using a model consisting of plants, insects, bats and their parasites from the Costa Rica dry forest. The simplest method involves the use of Sanger sequencing to acquire long sequences to validate or refine field identifications, for example of bats and their parasites, where one specimen yields one sequence and one identification. This method can be fully quantified and resolved and these data resemble traditional ecological networks. For more complex taxonomic identifications, we target multiple DNA loci, for example from a seed or fruit pulp sample in faeces. These networks are also well resolved but gene targets vary in resolution and quantification is difficult. Finally, for mixed templates such as faecal contents of insectivorous bats, we use DNA metabarcoding targeting two sequence lengths (157 and 407 bp) of one gene region and a MOTU, BLAST and BIN association approach to resolve nodes. This network type is complex to generate and analyse, and we discuss the implications of this type of resolution on network analysis. Using these data, we construct the first molecular‐based network of networks containing 3,304 interactions between 762 nodes of eight trophic functions and involving parasitic, mutualistic and predatory interactions. We provide a comparison of the relative strengths and weaknesses of these data types in network ecology.
Developing definitions for invasive fungal diseases in critically ill adult patients in intensive care units. Protocol of the FUNgal infections Definitions in ICU patients (FUNDICU) project
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Scudeller Luigia , Giacobbe Daniele R. , Lamoth Frederic , Righi Elda , Zuccaro Valentina , Grecchi Cecilia , Rebuffi Chiara , Akova Murat , Alastruey‐Izquierdo Ana , Arikan‐Akdagli Sevtap , Azoulay Elie , Blot Stijn I. , Cornely Oliver A. , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia , Koehler Philipp , Cuenca‐Estrella Manuel , de Lange Dylan W. , De Rosa Francesco G. , De Waele Jan J. , Dimopoulos George , Garnacho‐Montero José , Hoenigl Martin , Kanj Souha S. , Maertens Johan , Martin‐Loeches Ignacio , Muñoz Patricia , Kullberg Bart J. , Agvald‐Ohman Christina , Poulakou Garyphallia , Rello Jordi , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Taccone Fabio S. , Timsit Jean‐François , Torres Antoni , Vazquez Jose A. , Calandra Thierry ,   from the Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill Patients (ESGCIP) and the Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG) of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID),   the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM),   the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM),   the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium (MSGERC)
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe reliability of diagnostic criteria for invasive fungal diseases (IFD) developed for severely immunocompromised patients is questionable in critically ill adult patients in intensive care units (ICU).ObjectivesTo develop a standard set of definitions for IFD in critically ill adult patients in ICU.MethodsBased on a systematic literature review, a list of potential definitions to be applied to ICU patients will be developed by the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill Patients (ESGCIP) and the ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG) chairpersons. The proposed definitions will be evaluated by a panel of 30 experts using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness methods. The panel will rank each of the proposed definitions on a 1‐9 scale trough a dedicated questionnaire, in two rounds: one remote and one face‐to‐face. Based on their median rank and the level of agreement across panel members, selected definitions will be organised in a main consensus document and in an executive summary. The executive summary will be made available online for public comments.ConclusionsThe present consensus project will seek to provide standard definitions for IFD in critically ill adult patients in ICU, with the ultimate aims of improving their clinical outcome and facilitating the comparison and generalizability of research findings.
Audit of the diagnosis of rectal evacuation disorders in chronic constipation
Authors: Chedid Victor , Vijayvargiya Priya , Halawi Houssam , Park Seon‐Young , Camilleri Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBalloon expulsion test (BET) and high‐resolution anorectal manometry (HRM) are used in diagnosis of rectal evacuation disorders (REDs); their performance characteristics are suboptimal.MethodsWe audited records of 449 consecutive patients with chronic constipation (CC). We documented anal sphincter tone and contraction, puborectalis tenderness, and perineal descent on digital rectal exam (DRE); maximum resting and squeeze pressures, and rectoanal pressure gradient on HRM; weight or time to balloon expulsion; colonic transit, and area of rectal area on radiograph (RASF). We based the diagnosis of RED on ≥2 abnormalities on both DRE and HRM, excluding results of BET, as the performance of BET is being investigated. Results of RED vs non‐RED and results obtained using tbBET vs wbBET groups were compared. We used multivariate logistic regressions to identify predictors of RED using different diagnostic modalities.Key ResultsAmong 449 individuals, 276 were included (74 RED and 202 non‐RED). Predominant exclusions were for no HRM (n = 79) or use of low resolution anorectal manometry (n = 77). Logistic regression models for abnormal tbBET showed time >60 seconds, RASF and age‐predicted RED. For tbBET, the current cutoff of 60 seconds had sensitivity of 39.0% and specificity 93.0% to diagnose RED; on the other hand, applying the cutoff at 22 seconds, the sensitivity was 77.8% and specificity 69.8%.Conclusions & InferencesThe clinical diagnosis of RED in patients with CC is achieved with combination of DRE, HRM and an optimized, time‐based BET. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm the proposed 22 second cutoff for tbBET.
Spectrum of susceptibility to air quality and weather in individual children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Noh Su Ryeon , Kim Jin‐Seob , Kim Eun‐Hye , Jeon Byoung‐Hak , Kim Jong‐Hun , Kim Young‐Min , Kim Jihyun , Han Youngshin , Ahn Kangmo , Cheong Hae‐Kwan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundExposure to air pollution aggravates symptoms of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children in the population studies. Variability in individual patient's response from individual susceptibility is needed to be explored.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate spectrum of individual variability in the associations between AD symptoms and air quality.MethodsWe enrolled 89 children aged 0‐6 years with AD (22 890 person‐days). Daily manifestation of symptoms was recorded for an average of 257 days (range 100‐499). Both an individual analysis using logistic regression models and an overall analysis using a generalized estimating equation were performed.ResultsThe odds ratios of an individual ranged 0.24‐8.11 for particulate matter <10 μm in diameter (PM10), 0.09‐101.92 for nitrogen oxide (NO2), 0.03‐44.00 for ozone (O3), 0.11‐58.30 for sulfur dioxide (SO2), 0.00‐15.83 for carbon monoxide (CO), 0.00‐39 446.94 for temperature, and 0.03‐5.18 for relative humidity, demonstrating a wide individual variability. In the overall analysis, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO had a significantly positive association, whereas temperature and relative humidity were negatively associated with AD symptoms. Air pollution was responsible for aggravation of symptoms from 24.7% (O3) to 39.3% (SO2) of AD children. Overall, 71.9% of the AD children responded to at least one or more air pollution and weather variable.ConclusionResponses of AD children to air pollution and weather variable were considerably variable among individuals. An individualized model would be useful to forecast and manage AD symptoms in patients.