bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and environmental risk factors in the non‐medical use of over‐the‐counter or prescribed analgesics, and their relationship to major classes of licit and illicit substance use and misuse in a population‐based sample of young adult twins
Authors: Gillespie Nathan A. , Bates Timothy C. , Hickie Ian B. , Medland Sarah E. , Verhulst Brad , Kirkpatrick Robert M. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Martin Nicholas G. , Benotsch Eric G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe non‐medical use of over‐the‐counter or prescribed analgesics (NMUA) is a significant public health problem. Little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of NMUA and how these risks relate to other classes of substance use and misuse. Our aims were to estimate the heritability NMUA and sources of genetic and environmental covariance with cannabis and nicotine use, cannabis and alcohol use disorders and nicotine dependence in Australian twins.DesignBiometrical genetic analyses or twin methods using structural equation univariate and multivariate modeling.SettingAustralia.ParticipantsA total of 2007 young adult twins [66% female; μage = 25.9, standard deviation (SD) = 3.6, range = 18–38] from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study retrospectively assessed between 2009 and 2016.MeasurementsSelf‐reported NMUA (non‐opioid or opioid‐based), life‐time nicotine, cannabis and opioid use, DSM‐V cannabis and alcohol use disorders and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.FindingsLife‐time NMUA was reported by 19.4% of the sample. Univariate heritability explained 46% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29–0.57] of the risks in NMUA. Multivariate analyses revealed that NMUA is moderately associated genetically with cannabis (rg = 0.41) and nicotine (rg = 0.45) use and nicotine dependence (rg = 0.34). In contrast, the genetic correlations with cannabis (rg = 0.15) and alcohol (rg = 0.07) use disorders are weak.ConclusionsIn young male and female adults in Australia, the non‐medical use of over‐the‐counter or prescribed analgesics appears to have moderate heritability. NMUA is moderately associated with cannabis and nicotine use and nicotine dependence. Its genetic etiology is largely distinct from that of cannabis and alcohol use disorders.
Developmental horizons in the pre‐natal development of the Greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus)
Authors: Mustapha Oluwaseun A. , Olude Matthew A. , Ezekiel Samuel , Seeger Johannes , Fietz Simone A. , Olopade James O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Greater cane rat (GCR, Thyronomys swinderianus) is a precocial rodent predominantly found within Africa. Economic and scientific interests have led to several research efforts towards the domestication and better understanding of the biology and development of this rodent. Despite these efforts, information on the pre‐natal development of this rodent is currently lacking. This study characterises distinct developmental milestones including skin pigmentation, emergence and distributions of hairs, calvarium consistency, teeth eruption, development of appendages, sensory organs and external genitalia in the pre‐natal GCR and assesses quantitative body parameters, that is body weight, body and crown–rump lengths across its entire gestation length (gestation days [GDs] 10‐140). Using these external features, we provide baseline reference ontogenetic scales for GCR embryos and fetuses, employable for stage, age and sex estimation of the pre‐natal GCR in future studies. We observed that the first evidence of an embryo was not seen before the end of the first trimester (GD50) and that the late second trimester (GD80‐GD100) marks the transition from embryogenesis to fetogenesis in the GCR. As both events occur at a much later developmental time point when compared to precocial non‐rodents including human, sheep and pig and slightly later when compared to other precocial rodents such as guinea pig, our data provide first indication that the pre‐natal GCR development might be associated with a reproductive delay. Together, this study expands our knowledge of the development and biology of the GCR, which will improve reproductive and breeding management, and native species conservation of this hystricomorph mammal.
Letter: use of collagen proportionate area to quantify liver fibrosis and predict clinical outcomes in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Huang Rui , Wu Weihua , Wang Jian , Zhang Zhaoping , Wu Chao 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Buzzetti et al and Buzzetti and Tsochatzis papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15219 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15385.
Letter: programmed cell death protein‐1‐targeted immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma–authors' reply
Authors: Scheiner Bernhard , Pinter Matthias 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Scheiner et al and Liu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15245 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15336.
Editorial: older patients are significantly more likely to have colon ischaemia‐associated conditions that are chronic and complex—authors' reply
Authors: Silverman Michael , Aroniadis Olga C. , Feuerstadt Paul , Brandt Lawrence J. 
Published: July 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Silverman et al and Clarke and Feuerstein papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15268 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15287.
Top executives' perceptions of the inclusion of corporate social responsibility in quality management
Authors: Neri Selina , Pinnington Ashly H. , Lahrech Abdelmounaim , Al‐Malkawi Husam‐Aldin N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExercise of global responsibility is critical to the future of quality practices in business, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is relevant to the quality movement. However, not much is known about management perceptions of CSR in the specific context of quality management. This paper examines top executives' views on CSR and quality management implemented through the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) framework. We report the results of a survey of executives in a multinational corporation operating in the outsourcing and technology services industry. The main factors influencing managerial perceptions were value generation, industry forces, institutional and stakeholder pressures, and organizational values and beliefs. In contrast to previous studies, we found limited evidence supporting the influence of shareholder pressures, competition, or the business case for CSR. We concluded that company lifecycle, changes in ownership structure, and owners' orientation toward CSR influenced its potential for adoption through implementation of the EFQM quality framework.
Does Talk Lead to Action? An Examination of the Relationship between Debate and Funding for NGOs in Canada
Authors: Corrigall‐Brown Catherine , Ho Mabel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAll organizations, including nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), need funding to survive and fulfill their mandates. What is the best strategy for securing that funding? Should groups work to attract government attention and be a focus of government debate or should they avoid this type of scrutiny? This article uses innovative data to systematically examine how being the subject of debate in parliament is related to NGO funding for Indigenous, women, and environmental groups. We also examine if the relationship between debate and funding is dependent on the political party in power. We use data collected from Canadian Public Accounts, which lists all grants to groups by the federal government, and the index of Hansard, a full record of parliamentary debates at the federal level in Canada. Our findings demonstrate that the relationship between debate and funding is dependent on the issue area. While debate is positively associated with funding in all areas, it is a stronger predictor of funding for environmental and Indigenous groups than for organizations focusing on women. In addition, the party in power is critical for shaping how debate is related to funding. Debate has a much stronger effect on environmental funding when Liberals are in power than it does when Conservatives control the Prime Minister's office. This research shows that NGOs must be strategic when garnering attention to their cause as more debate does not necessarily lead to more funding across issue areas and contexts.
Increasedgrp78transcription is correlated to reducedtlr4transcription in patients surviving sepsis
Authors: Stan R C , Pinto Bonin C , Porto R , Soriano F G , de Camargo M M 
Published: July 2019

SummaryRegulated transcriptional readthrough during stress maintains genome structure and ensures access to genes that are necessary for cellular recovery. A broad number of genes, including of the bacterial sensor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), are markedly transcribed on initiating the systemic inflammatory response. Here we study the transcriptional patterns of tlr4 and of its modulator grp78 during human sepsis, and establish their correlations with the outcome of patients. We measured the daily tlr4 and grp78 RNA expression levels in peripheral blood of septic patients, immediately after admission to intensive care, and modeled these RNA values with a sine damping function. We obtained negative correlations between the transcription of tlr4 and grp78 RNA in the survivor group. In contrast, such relation is lost in the deceased patients. Loss of transcriptional homeostasis predicted by our model within the initial 4 days of hospitalization was confirmed by death of those patients up to 28 days later.
Cerebellar lesions as potential predictors of neurobehavioural phenotype in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Toldo Irene , Bugin Samuela , Perissinotto Egle , Pelizza Maria Federica , Vignoli Aglaia , Parazzini Cecilia , Canevini Maria Paola , Nosadini Margherita , Sartori Stefano , Manara Renzo 
Published: July 2019

AimTo improve the genetic, clinical, and neuroradiological characterization of cerebellar involvement in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and determine whether cerebellar lesions could be a reliable biomarker of neurological impairment.MethodThis retrospective cohort study, held at two tertiary paediatric university centres, was conducted on patients with a confirmed diagnosis of TSC who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging between October 2009 and May 2016. The study population consisted of 112 patients with TSC (median age 10y; range 5mo–38y; 61 females, 51 males).ResultsThe results from multivariable statistical analysis indicated that cerebellar involvement (34 out of 112 patients, none carrying a TSC1 mutation) was the most powerful predictor of supratentorial cortical tuber load; however, cerebellar involvement was not the best predictor of clinical phenotype when supratentorial tuber load and TSC2 mutations were taken into consideration. The association between cerebellar lesions and a more severe clinical and neuroradiological phenotype was statistically significant and may be due to its strong association with TSC2 mutations and higher cortical tuber load.InterpretationCerebellar involvement is not the best predictor of neurobehavioural outcome, including TSC‐related autism, after adjusting for TSC2 and the number of cortical tubers. Its role in the TSC clinical phenotype needs to be investigated further.What this paper adds

Cerebellar involvement is a powerful predictor of supratentorial cortical involvement and a potential biomarker of disease severity.

Cerebellar lesions significantly correlate with a more severe clinical and neuroradiological phenotype.

Cerebellar involvement is not the best predictor of neurobehavioural outcome.
The inherent multidimensionality of temporal variability: how common and rare species shape stability patterns
Authors: Arnoldi Jean‐François , Loreau Michel , Haegeman Bart 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEmpirical knowledge of diversity–stability relationships is mostly based on the analysis of temporal variability. Variability, however, often depends on external factors that act as disturbances, which makes comparisons across systems difficult to interpret. Here, we show how variability can reveal inherent stability properties of ecological communities. This requires that we abandon one‐dimensional representations, in which a single variability measurement is taken as a proxy for how stable a system is, and instead consider the whole set of variability values generated by all possible stochastic perturbations. Despite this complexity, in species‐rich systems, a generic pattern emerges from community assembly, relating variability to the abundance of perturbed species. Strikingly, the contrasting contributions of different species abundance classes to variability, driven by different types of perturbations, can lead to opposite diversity–stability patterns. We conclude that a multidimensional perspective on variability helps reveal the dynamical richness of ecological systems and the underlying meaning of their stability patterns.
Ecological disjunction across the sexes in an alloparasitoid: Host requirements, sex ratios and mate localization (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)
Authors: Abeeluck Dav , Walter Gimme H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe larval females of Coccophagus sp. nr gurneyi Compere are primary parasitoids of lantana mealybugs, whereas males develop hyperparasitically through other parasitoids (never their own females), so the species is alloparasitic. Males are seldom even reared from lantana mealybugs (<0.3%, n = 4,212), and have not yet been reared from any other host. Adults were sampled in the field to establish that this species is sexual (by assessing female spermathecal content), and to quantify relative abundance of the sexes around host infestations. Adult males were scarce above hosts (3%, n = 314), but were attracted in relatively high numbers to caged virgin females within those infestations. Caged females outside infestations did not attract males, suggesting that mate attraction requires environmental signals other than those from females. Most females collected in the field above host infestations had sperm in their spermathecal capsules. They presumably had mated with males that developed elsewhere (so mate localization might involve searching across substantial distances). Virgin females were present only early in the day and evidently mate soon after eclosion. Evidence of sperm depletion in mated females was not found. The spatial scale of male and female movements needs to be quantified, but the ongoing movement of individuals (as a consequence of their sex‐related host relationships) seems to be a regular aspect of their ecology. The spatial and temporal dynamics across the sexes illustrates that their abilities to localize one another for mating leaves the sexes free to diverge ecologically, and their sex ratios to vary.
First record of the Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), in Jordan
Authors: Katbeh‐Bader A. , Al‐Jboory I. J. , Bora Kaydan M. 
Published: July 2019

The Madeira mealybug, Phenacoccus madeirensis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is recorded from Jordan for the first time. Specimens were collected from heavily infested ornamental geranium plants, Pelargonium sp. (Geraniaceae), Chrysanthemum sp. (Asteroideae), Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis L. (Malvaceae), Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poellnitz (Crassulaceae) and basil, Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae). In addition, this mealybug was taken from infested leaves of cherry tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., and sweet pepper, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae). Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is recorded as a new host for P. madeirensis. Slide mounts were prepared, and voucher specimens were preserved at the University of Jordan Insect Museum. An urgent survey should be initiated to determine the current distribution of the pest in Jordan. Inspection of ornamental nurseries should be given priority and plant protection officials should pay particular attention to this serious pest.
Changes in serum zinc levels in hepatitis C patients before and after treatment with direct‐acting antiviral agents
Authors: Suda Toshikuni , Okawa Osamu , Shirahashi Ryosaku , Tokutomi Naohiko , Tamano Masaya 
Published: July 2019

AimZinc supplementation therapy has been shown to improve the prognosis of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, little is known about the changes in serum zinc levels with treatment using direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs). This prospective study investigated the changes in serum zinc levels before and after treatment with DAAs in hepatitis C patients.MethodsThirty‐one patients with chronic hepatitis C or HCV‐related compensated cirrhosis who were treated with DAAs (glecaprevir/pibrentasvir or elbasvir/grazoprevir) were included in the study. Serum zinc and serum albumin levels were measured before DAA treatment (Baseline), at the end of treatment (EOT), and at 12 weeks after EOT (Follow‐up 12). The changes over time in the serum zinc and serum albumin levels were investigated.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 68.5 ± 12.1 (range, 40–86) years, and 17 (55%) were women. Based on the Japanese Society of Clinical Nutrition diagnostic criteria, 6 patients had zinc deficiency (<60 μg/dL), and 21 patients had subclinical zinc deficiency (60–80 μg/dL). Significant differences in serum zinc levels were seen between Baseline and EOT (P = 0.01) and between EOT and Follow‐up 12 (P = 0.0003). There was no significant difference in serum albumin levels between Baseline and EOT (P = 0.76), but a significant increase was seen between EOT and Follow‐up 12 (P = 0.01).ConclusionsIncreases in serum zinc are directly related to DAA treatment and are not a result of increases in albumin. Inhibition of the non‐structural protein (NS)3 and NS5A by DAAs could be associated with the improvement of serum zinc levels in hepatitis C patients.
Incidence of falls among community‐dwelling older adults in Turkey and its relationship with pain and insomnia
Authors: Kulakci Altintas Hulya , Korkmaz Aslan Gülbahar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence of falls among community‐dwelling older adults and the impact of pain and insomnia on falls.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited 659 older adults. Pain was assessed by the Geriatric Pain Measure, and insomnia was assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index. The history of falls was assessed within the last 12 months. Risk factors for falls were determined using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence of falls within the last year was 37.2%. Based on the analyses, pain and insomnia were found to be risk factors for falls.ConclusionIn this study, falls were observed as a common problem among community‐dwelling older adults, and pain and insomnia were determined as risk factors for falls. Therefore, pain and insomnia should be addressed when prevention of falls among community‐dwelling older adults are planned by health care professionals including nurses.
Conceptualizing Rater Judgments and Rating Processes for Rater‐Mediated Assessments
Authors: Wang Jue , Engelhard George 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRater‐mediated assessments exhibit scoring challenges due to the involvement of human raters. The quality of human ratings largely determines the reliability, validity, and fairness of the assessment process. Our research recommends that the evaluation of ratings should be based on two aspects: a theoretical model of human judgment and an appropriate measurement model for evaluating these judgments. In rater‐mediated assessments, the underlying constructs and response processes may require the use of different rater judgment models and the application of different measurement models. We describe the use of Brunswik's lens model as an organizing theme for conceptualizing human judgments in rater‐mediated assessments. The constructs vary depending on which distal variables are identified in the lens models for the underlying rater‐mediated assessment. For example, one lens model can be developed to emphasize the measurement of student proficiency, while another lens model can stress the evaluation of rater accuracy. Next, we describe two measurement models that reflect different response processes (cumulative and unfolding) from raters: Rasch and hyperbolic cosine models. Future directions for the development and evaluation of rater‐mediated assessments are suggested.
Recruitment dynamics and fishery characteristics of juvenile goatfishes Mulloidichthys spp. in Hawai‘i
Authors: Kamikawa Keith T. , Humphreys Robert L. , Bowen Brian W. , Friedlander Alan M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe most common goatfishes in Hawai‘i, Mulloidichthys flavolineatus and M. vanicolensis, comprise a unique resource due to their cultural, ecological and biological significance. These species exhibit pulse‐type recruitment to nearshore areas during the summer months. Such pulses of juvenile fishes provide prey for pelagic and nearshore fishes and support a popular directed fishery. However, limited scientific information exists on juvenile stages of these fishes, known locally as oama, despite their contribution to coastal ecology and the extensive nearshore fisheries. Here we resolve growth rates, habitat preferences, hatching dates, size and age structure, as well as fishing catch rates based on new recruits in 2014 and 2015. We sampled 257 M. flavolineatus and 204 M. vanicolensis to compare ecological and fisheries characteristics between species and years. Both show strong habitat segregation, with M. vanicolensis found almost exclusively on hard and M. flavolineatus on soft substrates. Oama recruited in anomalously high numbers in 2014, a trend reflected in a higher catch per unit effort. In contrast, 2015 recruits grew faster, were heavier on average and hatched later than during 2014. Both species have calculated hatch dates in March to July, with M. vanicolensis hatching earlier, recruiting earlier and being consistently larger than M. flavolineatus. This baseline information regarding recruitment and early life‐history characteristics can enhance management for other data‐limited species that comprise a substantial component of nearshore fisheries in Hawai‘i.