bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Weight Loss and Recovery After Cleft Lip and Palate Repair
Authors: Kaye Alison , Che Columbine 
Published: May 2018

Objective: To determine the degree of weight loss, time to regain lost weight, and impact on postoperative outcomes after primary cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) repair. Design: Single institution retrospective. Patients: Two hundred seven patients who underwent primary CL and/or CP repair procedures. Results: One hundred thirty primary CL repairs (isolated CL = 59; cleft lip and palate [CLP] = 71) and 140 primary CP repairs (isolated CP = 72; CLP = 69): At the first postoperative visit, 21.54% of CL and 57.14% of CP repair patients had not returned to their immediate preoperative weights ( P < .0001). Maximum weight loss after CL repair was 0.44 kg (mean = 0.15 kg; standard deviation [SD]: 0.11) and for CP repair was 0.85 kg (mean = 0.31 kg; SD: 0.21; P = .002). Maximum percentage body weight loss was 6.11% after CL repair (mean = 2.08%; SD: 1.56) and 9.2% after CP repair (mean = 3.10%; SD: 2.13; P = .02). If not returned to preoperative weight by first postoperative visit, CP repair took significantly longer. Median time to return to preoperative weight was CL = 14.08 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 7.26) and CP = 25.37 days (IQR: 21.07; P < .0001). Patients undergoing CP repair with slowed weight recovery had a 22.5% rate of unintentional fistula/partial dehiscence compared to 10.0% of those who recovered quickly ( P = .052). Conclusions: Primary CP repair involves significantly higher risk and degree of postoperative weight loss and slower rates of weight recovery when compared with primary CL repair. Postoperative weight loss is associated with increased risk of complications with palatal healing. Cleft palate repair patients should be monitored closely for weight recovery and considered for nutritional interventions to support improved postoperative outcomes.
A New Perspective on the Nitrate–Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Interaction
Authors: Kloner Robert A. , Goggin Paul , Goldstein Irwin , Hackett Geoffrey , Kirby Michael G. , Osterloh Ian , Parker John D. , Sadovsky Richard 
Published: May 2018

Background: Nitrates and nitrate-containing compounds are vasodilators used for the treatment of angina and heart failure. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction are also vasodilators, and when taken together with nitrates, synergistic effects that enhance hypotensive effects may occur. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are therefore contraindicated in patients taking organic nitrates. Methods and Results: A literature review was performed to provide a historical overview of different phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and nitrates and their interaction. The pharmacologic characteristics of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and nitrates are reviewed, and clinical recommendations for treating cardiovascular disease in men taking phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are discussed. Pharmacologic and adverse drug reactions between nitrates and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are dependent on many variables. Organic nitrates remain an absolute contraindication in men treated with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. In general, nitrates may be taken 24 hours after the last dose of short-acting phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and 48 hours after the last dose of long-acting phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Conclusions: This literature review determined that the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors with nitrates is a contraindication, with the duration between the last dose of phosphodiesterase inhibitor and nitrate use generally varying between short- and long-acting phosphodiesterase type 5 formulations. Patients receiving nitrates who wish to use phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors should be educated regarding the interaction and should be evaluated to determine whether nitrate treatment can be discontinued. Further research is needed to determine how soon phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors can be restarted after a patient has taken a nitrate and the effect of high and low phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor doses on the interaction effect.
Serum lipidomics of bovine paratuberculosis: Disruption of choline-containing glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids
Authors: Wood Paul L , Erol Erdal , Hoffsis Glen F , Steinman Margaret , DeBuck Jeroen 
Published: May 2018

Objectives: Bovine paratuberculosis is a devastating infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis that ultimately results in death from malnutrition. While the infection is characterized by a long (2–4 years) subclinical phase with immune activation, ultimately host defense mechanisms fail and the bacteria spread from the small intestine to other organs. Since both the gastrointestinal tract and liver are essential for the biosynthesis of structural glycerophospholipids, we investigated the circulating levels of these lipids in field infections and experimentally infected cattle. Methods: Serum lipidomics of control and M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis–infected cattle were performed utilizing high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results: In M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis–positive cattle, demonstrating clinical signs, we monitored large decreases in the levels of circulating phosphocholine-containing lipids. These included phosphatidylcholines, choline plasmalogens, and sphingomyelins. Next, we monitored the time course of these lipid alterations in experimentally infected calves and found that altered lipid levels were only detected in cattle with clinical signs of infection. Conclusions: Our data indicate that altered availability of choline-containing lipids occurs late in the disease process and is most likely a result of malnutrition and altered biosynthetic capacities of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Alterations in the bioavailability of these critical structural lipids presumably contributes to the demise of M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis–infected cattle. In light of increasing concern that M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis may be a zoonotic bacterium that contributes to the development of Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis, our data also have human clinical relevance.
Contradictions in digital health engagement: An activity tracker’s ambiguous influence on vulnerable young adults’ engagement in own health
Authors: Kanstrup Anne Marie , Bertelsen Pernille , Jensen Martin B 
Published: May 2018

Objective Activity trackers are designed to support individuals in monitoring and increasing their physical activity. The use of activity trackers among individuals diagnosed with depression and anxiety has not yet been examined. This pilot study investigates how this target group engages with an activity tracker during a 10-week health intervention aimed to increase their physical activity level and improve their physical and mental health. Methods Two groups of 11 young adults (aged 18–29 years) diagnosed with depression or anxiety participated in the digital health intervention. The study used mixed methods to investigate the research question. Quantitative health data were used to assess the intervention’s influence on the participants’ health and qualitative data provided insights into the participants’ digital health experience. Results The study demonstrated an ambiguous influence from the use of an activity tracker with positive physical and mental health results, but a fading and even negative digital health engagement and counterproductive competition. Conclusions The ambiguous results identify a need for (1) developing strategies for health professionals to provide supervised use of activity trackers and support the target groups’ abilities to convert health information about physical activity into positive health strategies, and (2) designing alternatives for health promoting IT targeted users who face challenges and need motivation beyond self-tracking and competition.
Warfarin and vitamin K epoxide reductase: a molecular accounting for observed inhibition
Authors: Wu Sangwook , Chen Xuejie , Jin Da-Yun , Stafford Darrel W. , Pedersen Lee G. , Tie Jian-Ke 
Published: May 2018

Key PointsWarfarin reversibly inhibits VKOR by forming a T-shaped stacking interaction with residue Y139 of the proposed TYA warfarin-binding motif. Warfarin-resistant nonbleeding phenotype for patients bearing VKOR mutations explained by MD simulation and cell-based functional study.
Chemical Stability of the 5-Mesityl-5′′-(nitronyl nitroxide)-2,2′:5′,2′′-ter(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Radical Cation
Authors: Tahara Takuma , Suzuki Shuichi , Kozaki Masatoshi , Nishinaga Tohru , Okada Keiji 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Only a few radical-substituted π-donor radical cations have been reported to date. In this note, 5-mesityl-5′′-(nitronyl nitroxide)-2,2′:5′,2′′-ter(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (NN-TEDOT) was prepared and its electrochemical and chemical oxidations were examined. The NN-TEDOT radical cation was moderately stable and slowly decomposed.
A new Annonaceae genus, Wuodendron, provides support for a post–boreotropical origin of the Asian–Neotropical disjunction in the tribe Miliuseae
Authors: Xue Bine , Tan Yun-Hong , Thomas Daniel C. , Chaowasku Tanawat , Hou Xue-Liang , Saunders Richard M.K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent molecular and morphological studies have clarified generic circumscriptions in Annonaceae tribe Miliuseae and resulted in the segregation of disparate elements from the previously highly polyphyletic genus Polyalthia s.l. Several names in Polyalthia nevertheless remain unresolved, awaiting assignment to specific genera, including Polyalthia litseifolia. Phylogenetic analyses of seven chloroplast regions (atpB–rbcL, matK, ndhF, psbA–trnH, rbcL, trnL–F, ycf1; ca. 8.3 kb, 116 accessions, including representatives of all currently accepted genera in subfamily Malmeoideae) unambiguously placed Polyalthia litseifolia in a clade with three accessions from Thailand, which have previously been shown to represent an undescribed genus sister to the Neotropical clade (Desmopsis, Sapranthus, Stenanona, Tridimeris) in the predominantly Asian tribe Miliuseae. The collective clade is sister to Meiogyne. Polyalthia litseifolia shares several diagnostic characters with most species in the Neotropical genera and Meiogyne, including: petals that are similar in shape and size in both whorls; multiple ovules per ovary in one or two rows; and lamelliform endosperm ruminations. It is distinct in being deciduous, bearing subpetiolar buds and having inflorescences growing from the leaf scar of the dropped leaves. Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses corroborate its recognition as a new genus, which is formally described and illustrated here as Wuodendron. Polyalthia litseifolia is furthermore found to be conspecific with Desmos praecox, and the latter name is used as the basis for the name of the type. Molecular divergence time estimates under an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock place the Wuodendron–Neotropical clade split within the Miocene (ca. 14–12 Ma), highlighting the importance of post–boreotropical dispersal and vicariance in shaping intercontinental tropical disjunctions in Annonaceae.
A Border Strategy Analysis of Ad Source and Message Tone in Senatorial Campaigns
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Lewis Michael , Schweidel David A. 
Published: May 2018

Political advertising is controversial, as there is widespread concern about money from political action committees (PACs and super PACs) distorting the democratic process. Studying advertising effectiveness is, however, a challenging topic for several reasons, including the endogenous nature of fundraising and ad spending rates. However, the extensive use of targeting based on designated marketing areas (DMAs) creates a setting in which neighboring counties with comparable demographics receive different levels of advertising exposure. In this paper, we leverage these advertising discontinuities along DMA borders to study the relative effectiveness of political advertising on vote shares and turnout rates in 2010 and 2012 senatorial elections. We find that negative advertising sponsored by PACs is significantly less effective than that sponsored by candidates in affecting two-party vote shares and voter turnout. A 1% increase in negative advertising by the candidate produces a significant 0.015% lift in the candidate’s unconditional vote shares. By contrast, negative advertising from PACs is ineffective in increasing its supported candidate’s unconditional vote share. Further analysis reveals that the competitiveness of races moderates the effectiveness of political advertising, providing implications for those managing candidates’ campaigns, PACs, and super PACs. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1079 .
When to Use Provider Triage in Emergency Departments
Authors: Kamali Michael F. , Tezcan Tolga , Yildiz Ozlem 
Published: May 2018

We study triage decisions in emergency departments (EDs) and provide a general procedure for determining when to apply provider triage (PT) based on operational and financial considerations using a steady-state, many-server fluid approximation. We then apply the proposed method in the setting of a teaching hospital’s ED and obtain closed-form expressions for the range of arrival rates for which PT outperforms the traditional nurse triage economically. We show that the proposed solution methodology based on this approximation procedure is asymptotically optimal under a many-server asymptotic regime. We also demonstrate via simulation experiments that the proposed policy performs within 0.82% of the best solution obtained via a computationally intensive total enumeration method. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2982 . This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
Service Pricing with Loss-Averse Customers
Authors: Yang Liu , Guo Pengfei , Wang Yulan 
Published: May 2018

We consider a service system in which customers are loss averse toward both price and delay attributes. That is, customers compare these two attributes with their rational expectations of outcomes, with losses being more painful than equal-sized gains are pleasant. We first study customers’ equilibrium queueing strategies. We find that, unlike the traditional case in which loss aversion is not considered, there may exist three equilibrium strategies, one of which is preferred in the sense that customers’ utility is highest at this equilibrium. We then investigate the optimal pricing problem for a monopoly server and find that loss aversion polarizes queues, making long queues even longer and short queues even shorter. Furthermore, loss aversion toward the delay attribute drives the optimal price down, whereas loss aversion toward the price attribute drives it up. We also find that profit- and welfare-maximizing prices are not the same in a monopoly market. Finally, we consider pricing competition in a symmetric duopoly market and find that the conclusions depend on the size of the service capacity relative to the market size. For fast servers, there exists a unique symmetric price equilibrium. Under certain conditions, the effect of loss aversion on waiting time drives the price down, whereas that on the monetary term drives it up. For moderate-speed servers, there also exists a unique symmetric equilibrium. However, the effect of loss aversion on the two attributes works in reverse compared with that in the fast server case. For slow servers, we show that a symmetric equilibrium may not exist, and we numerically find that there may exist two asymmetric equilibria. Interestingly, with loss-averse customers, a firm can obtain a higher profit in a duopoly market than in a monopoly market. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1702 .
Utilization and Effectiveness of Harnesses and Lifelines in Grain Entrapment Incidents: Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Issa Salah F. , Nour Mahmoud M. , Field William E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. No previous studies have been found that document the level of use or validate the effectiveness of safety harnesses and lifelines in the prevention of or extrication from grain entrapments or engulfments. This article addresses that void via analysis of the data contained in the Purdue Agricultural Confined Space Incident Database. A total of 1,147 cases involving entrapments or engulfments in grain masses were mined for terms that might indicate the use of a safety harness, lifeline, fall restraint system, rope, or outside observer. Case information ranged from brief news accounts to comprehensive investigation results. The review turned up 38 incidents (&lt;5%) in which these safety devices were identified as having been used by either workers or rescuers during access to a storage structure. In 26 of the 38 cases (68%) where safety devices were identified, the entrapment or engulfment resulted in a fatality. The two most common reasons cited for failure of these devices were (1) that the lifeline or rope was too long (17 incidents) and (2) that the worker had removed the harness with the attached lifeline while in the structure (6 incidents). It was also determined that these devices, if used improperly, can lead to secondary injuries of the victim. The preliminary evidence suggests that use of these devices alone does not ensure the user’s safety and may even provide a false sense of security if used without proper training. It was further found that an approved body harness and safety line provided little or no protection from either entrapment or falls if used in the presence of vertically crusted grain surfaces, without proper anchors, or not in conjunction with outside observers. The presented results are important for safety professionals to consider as they endeavor to reduce the risk of grain entrapment and engulfment incidents through training, education, selection of personal protective equipment, etc., and should contribute to the development of new structural standards for grain bins. It is the intent of this article to elucidate the importance of training and proper use of these safety devices. Keywords: Agriculture, Confined space, Engulfment, Fall, Grain storage facility, Lifeline, Rope, Safety rope.
Is Accounting an Information Science?
Authors: Fellingham John , Lin Haijin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The central result is an equality connecting accounting numbers with information.
\ln \left( 1+\frac{income}{assets}\right) =r_{f}+I\left( X;Y\right)
,
r_{f}
is the risk free rate,
ln
is the natural logarithm,
Y
is the outcome of interest,
X
is the information signal about
Y
, and
I(X;Y)
is a Shannon information measure. The equality is derived using economic income accounting; it is shown to hold, under appropriate conditions, for declining balance and straight line depreciation methods. Some social welfare implications are explored.
Global Perspective of Novel Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of NeuroAIDS
Authors: Kumar Swatantra , Maurya Vimal K , Dandu Himanshu R , Bhatt Madan LB , Saxena Shailendra K 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAmong Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals, around two-thirds of patients present with neuroAIDS, where HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), and HIV-associated dementia (HAD) are the most prevailing neurological complications. The neuropathology of neuroAIDS can be characterized by the presence of HIV infected macrophages and microglia in the brain, with the formation of multinucleated giant cells. Global predominant subtypes of HIV-1 clade B and C infections influence the differential effect of immune and neuronal dysfunctions, leading to clade-specific clinical variation in neuroAIDS patient cohorts. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) enhances the survival rate among AIDS patients, but due to the inability to cross the Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB), incidence of neuroAIDS during disease progression may be envisaged. The complex structure of blood-brain-barrier, and poor pharmacokinetic profile coupled with weak bio-distribution of antiretroviral drugs, are the principle barriers for the treatment of neuroAIDS. In the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, the frequency of HAD has decreased; however the incidence of asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) and minor neurocognitive disorder (MND) remains consistent. Therefore, several effective novel nanotechnology based therapeutic approaches have been developed to improve the availability of antiretroviral drugs in the brain for the management of neuroAIDS.
The Role Of ICT And The Internet In The Development Of Franchise Systems
Authors: Stefanović Suzana , Stanković Milica 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Franchising is a business format which is becoming a global phenomenon in the contemporary business. Franchise systems extensively use modern information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance communication among franchisors and franchisees, and to provide interaction with end users. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of using the modern technology in franchise systems globally and need for more intensive use of ICT in our country and in neighboring countries, based on the comparative analysis of using the ICT and Internet in developed and less developed economies. The research was conducted through a comprehensive on-line analysis of franchisors’ web sites. In this paper, it is analyzed whether there is a connection between the franchisors and franchisees linking through web site and the number of given franchise. Correlation analysis showed a statistically significant strong positive correlation between the use of the web site for linking franchisors and their franchisees and the number of franchise units. It can be concluded that less use of modern technology and the Internet in developing countries affects the slower expansion of the franchise units network than in developed countries where the use of ICT and the Internet is at a much higher level.
Synthesis of 5H-spiro[furan-2,2′-indene]-1′,3′,5-triones from tetrahydro-4-oxoindeno[1,2-b]pyrroles
Authors: Piltan Mohammad 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A simple approach to assembling of functionalized spiro-butenolide-indenetriones from oxoindeno[1,2-b]pyrrole derivatives in the presence of H2SO4 is described. Simplicity of the procedure, short reaction time and excellent yields are important features of this protocol.
Synthesis of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin for fast manufacturing laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
Authors: Hong Shu , Gu Zhongji , Chen Ling , Zhu Ping , Lian Hailan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhenol formaldehyde (PF) resin is a well-tried adhesive for manufacturing laminated veneer lumber (LVL). PF has a high bonding strength, good cold pressing property and contributes a lot to the high production efficiency of LVL. In the present paper, PFs were synthesized at three different alkaline condition levels with a molar formaldehyde to phenol (F/P) ratio of 2.25. The bonding strength of PFs was not influenced by the alkalinity. Compared with PFs synthesized under alkalinity of 1 and 4%, PF with 8% alkalinity formed a resin with a high mole mass (MM), uniform mole mass distribution (MMD) and a high cross-linking density. With PF8%, the cold pressing property could be shortened from 30 to 12 min in the winter time. Cured PF8%had a higher cross-linking density than PF1%and PF4%. PF8%has a high potential for industrial production of LVL.