bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer Crystallization Studied in Confined Dimensions using
Nanocomposites from Polymers and Layered Minerals
Authors: Kuchta Frank-Dieter , Lemstra Piet J. , Keller Andrew , Batenburg Lawrence F. , Fischer Hartmut R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPolymer-layered silicate nanocomposites from polyamide-11 (PA-11) were
prepared and the morphology and properties have been investigated in order
to link the fundamental research field of polymer crystallization with the
technical important field of composite materials. Semi-crystalline polymers
are known to crystallize in different phases (e. g. monoclinic, hexagonal)
forming chain-folded lamellar crystals. Depending on experimental conditions
(e. g. temperature, pressure) the crystal size (lamellar thickness) affects
the stability of these phases. The incorporation of layered silicates acting
as hard walls into semi-crystalline polymers opens new possibilities to: i)
study polymer crystallization in confined dimensions, and ii) provide
materials from commodity or engineering polymers with enhanced properties.
The effect of an external confinement introduced by highly anisotropic
silicate layers of organically modified clay minerals on crystal growth and
nanocomposite properties has been studied. The composites are prepared by in
situ polycondensation of polyamides and/or blending via melt extrusion. The
nanocomposites exhibit a homogeneous distribution of individual silicate
layers at low clay contents. The lamellar thickening growth is reduced in
polyamide crystallization due to the external constrained of the silicate
layers in the host polymer. Furthermore these nanocomposites show a slightly
enhanced thermal stability, tensile modulus and an increased elastic
behavior over a broader temperature range. No distinct glass transition has
been observed at highest clay contents.
Microstructure and Physical Properties of Clay-Polymer
Composites
Authors: Blanton T.N. , Majumdar D. , Melpolder S.M. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTClay-polymer nanoparticulate composite materials are evaluated by the X-ray
diffraction technique. The basal plane spacing provided information about
the degree of intercalation and exfoliation of the 2: 1 layered clay
structure. Both intercalation and exfoliation are controlled by the identity
of the polymer and the clay:polymer ratio.
Stiffness Improvements and Molecular Mobility in Epoxy-Clay
Nanocomposites
Authors: Kornmann X. , Berglund L. A. , Lindberg H. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTConventional composites filled with clay as well as intercalated
nanocomposites, and exfoliated nanocomposites based on a glassy epoxy matrix
have been synthesised. Flexural moduli of these materials were measured in
three-point bending at various clay contents. For a given clay content,
stiffness improvements depended not only on the dispersion of the clay on
the microscale, but also on the exfoliation of the clay layers at the
nanolevel. Dynamic mechanical measurements indicated a decrease of intensity
in the glass transition peak with the extent of exfoliation of the clay and
the clay content, suggesting a restriction of the molecular mobility of the
polymer in the vicinity of the clay layers. A shift in Tg of 20°C towards
lower temperature for the epoxy resin cured at 160°C was possibly caused by
thermal degradation of compatibilizing agents at high temperature.
Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers from Surface-Modified
Oxometallate Clusters
Authors: Schubert Ulrich , Trimmel Gregor , Moraru Bogdan , Tesch Walter , Fratzl Peter , Gross Silvia , Kickelbick Guido , Hüsing Nicola 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTInorganic-organic hybrid polymers were prepared by radical polymerization of
methacrylic acid or methyl methacrylate with the (meth) acrylate-substituted
oxozirconium and oxotitanium clusters
Zr6(OH)4O4(OMc)12(OMc =
methacrylate), Zr4O2(OMc)12,
Ti6O4(OEt)8(OMc)8 and
Ti4O2(OPri)6(OAcr)6(OAcr
= acrylate). A few mol% of cluster is sufficient for an efficient
cross-linking of the polymer chains. Small-angle X-ray scattering data
indicate that the cluster size is retained in the polymers and that the
microstructure of the cluster cross-linked samples can be described by a
dispersion of identical spherical or disk-shaped clusters in the polymer.
The obtained hybrid polymers exhibit a higher thermal stability because
depolymerization reactions are inhibited. Contrary to undoped poly (methyl
methacrylate), the cluster cross-linked polymers are insoluble but swell in
organic solvents. The solvent uptake upon swelling decreases with an
increasing amount of polymerized cluster.
Hybrid silica / polymer nanoparticles through emulsion
polymerization
Authors: Bourgeat-Lami Elodie , Luna-Xavier Jose-Luiz , Guyot Alain 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPolymer encapsulation of inorganic silica nanoparticles was performed
through emulsion polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate monomers.
Two different approaches are described. In a first one, the hydrophilic
silica was modified by reacting the coupling agent, 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl
methacrylate, which was involved further in propagation reactions. In a
second approach, we used the 2–2'- azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride
cationic initiator to promote interactions of the positively charged growing
polymer with the negatively charged silica surface. We demonstrate, using
transmission electron microscopy, that the silica beads are successfully
encapsulated by the two techniques giving silica/polymer nanoparticles with
different morphologies. The influence of some parameters, such as the nature
of the surfactant and the monomer concentration, on the efficiency of the
encapsulation reaction and the morphology of the encapsulated products are
reported.
Dendritic and Multipodal Liquid-Crystalline Materials based on
Silsesquioxane and Siloxane Cores
Authors: Mehl Georg H. , Elsäβer Ralf , Shepperson Keith J. , Thornton Adam , Goodby John W. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn recent years great advances have been made in the synthesis of
organic-inorganic hybrid materials, whether they are oligomeric, multipodal,
polymeric or dendritic in structure. Of particular interest are
liquid-crystalline systems, as the control of the soft self-assembly
behaviour of these systems allows for the addressing of the macroscopic
properties of these materials.The investigations of silsesquioxane and siloxane cores decorated with
suitable organic groups of linear and branched structures leading to
liquid-crystalline phase behaviour is presented. The structural and chemical
features which govern the phase behaviour will be discussed. Important
features are the size, geometry, structure and flexibility of the inorganic
core, the flexibility, branching and length of the spacer linking inorganic
cores and the organic groups, which promote liquid-crystalline phase
behaviour. The effects of a variety of mesogenic structures on the
liquid-crystalline phase behaviour and stability range will be
discussed.
Structural Evolution of Silsesquioxane-based Organic/Inorganic
Nanocomposite Networks
Authors: Soles Christopher L. , Lin Eric K. , Wu Wen-li , Zhang Chunxin , Laine Richard M. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe basic tetrahedra of silica are readily assembled into eight cornered
cages known as cubic silsesquioxanes ([RSiO1.5]8).
Silsesquioxane cubes represent one of the smallest possible units of ceramic
silica. The corners of these nanometer-sized ceramic cubes are readily
functionalized with reactive groups and incorporated into organic polymers.
In this work, we characterize the structures that result from varying the
length of the flexible organic segments used to connect the cubes in a
series of hybrid network materials. For very short organic segments, steric
hindrances inhibit high degrees of network conversion and the resulting
network is very inhomogeneous. As the length of the flexible organic segment
increases, the added degrees of freedom allow a more ‘ordered’ glassy
material to evolve. If the length of the organic segment becomes very long
in comparison to the size of the cube, a disordered polymer-like network is
obtained.
Time-resolved in-situ X-ray diffraction study of the formation
of 3D-hexagonal mesoporous silica films
Authors: Grosso D. , Albouy P.A. , Amenitsch H. , Balkenende A.R. , Babonneau F. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTHighly oriented 3D-hexagonal silica thin films have been produced on silicon
substrates by dip-coating technique, using cetyltrimethylammonium (CTAB)
bromide as structuring agent. For the first time, time-resolved in situ
X-ray diffraction experiments have been used to investigate the formation of
such mesostructured films. Interestingly, the data shows that an
intermediate mesophase appears just after film deposition (t<500 ms),
characterized by one diffraction peak centered at a d spacing of 65 Å. Then
after 20 s, another mesophase appears with a shorter d spacing (44 Å), which
corresponds to the 3D-hexagonal structure found for the final dried
film.
Size Control of Block Polymer Templated Mesoporous Silicate
Materials
Authors: Yamada Takeo , Asai Keisuke , Ishigure Kenkichi , Endo Akira , Zhou Hao S. , Honma Itaru 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTMesoporous materials have attracted considerable interest because of
applications in molecular sieve, catalyst, and adsorbent. It will be useful
for new functional device if functional molecules can be incorporated into
the pore of mesoporous material. However, it is necessary to synthesize new
mesoporous materials with controlled large pore size. Recently, new class of
mesoporous materials has been prepared using triblock copolymer as a
template. In this paper, we reported that hexagonal and cubic structure
silicate mesoporous materials can be synthesized through triblock copolymer
templating, and their size was controlled by synthesis condition at
condensation.
The Synthesis of Hybrid Materials by the Blending of Polyhedral
Oligosilsesquioxanes into Organic Polymers
Authors: Blansky Rusty L. , Phillips Shawn H. , Chaffee Kevin , Lichtenhan Joseph , Lee Andre , Ping Geng Hei 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe study of organic/inorganic hybrid materials has become an increasingly
widespread research focus. The advantage derived from such materials is the
combining of two very different compounds which may result in something that
bridges the performance gap between the two systems. We have previously
reported such hybrid systems prepared by incorporating polyhedral
oligosilsesquioxanes (POSS™) into traditional organic polymers by the
copolymerization of POSS™ monomers and organic monomers. This presentation
will discuss a more convenient method of incorporating POSS™ into a polymer:
the blending of POSS™ into organic polymers. The research discussion will
focus on the development of the POSS™ macromers used in our studies as well
as the POSS™ polymer blends synthesized. One important property enhancement
observed is the increase in surface hardness for a POSS™/poly styrene
sample.
Hybrid composite materials containing magnetic iron oxide
nanoparticles
Authors: Chanéac Corinne , Tronc Elisabeth , Jolivet Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTHybrid magnetic composites made up of calibrated maghemite nanoparticles
well dispersed in an epoxide resin were obtained by polymerization of the
resin inside stable organosols of maghemite. The sol stability was ensured
by ligand adsorption onto the particle surface. Studies of phenylphosphonic
acid adsorption are presented. They show a strong interaction between PPA
ions and hydroxyl groups of particle surface and through bridging
≡Fe2O2POΦ species. Infrared and Mössbauer
spectroscopies as well as quasi- elastic light scattering and transmission
electron microscopy were used to characterize the materials.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Titanium Phosphate
Authors: Barbé C.J. , Mitchell D.R.G. , Drabarek E. , Bartlett J.R , Woolfrey J.L. , Luca V. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTMesoporous titanium phosphates were synthesised using three different
approaches, involving reactions of titanium isopropoxide with long-chain
alkyl phosphates, and subsequent aging at 80°C for several days. The
resulting powders were characterised using XRD, TEM and N2
sorption.The first approach involved the classical MCM methodology, where the
modified titanium precursor was added to an alkylphosphate micellar
solution. The resulting solids possess an organised, lamellar mesostructure.
However, removal of the surfactant, either by heating or leaching in strong
basic solution, leads to the collapse of the lamellar mesostructure.In the second route, titanium alkoxide was pre-reacted with the long-chain
alkyl phosphate, then hydrolysed with a large excess of water prior to
ageing. Although the structure of the as-precipitated samples could be
easily tailored by changing the processing parameters such as the alkyl
phosphate chain length or phosphate/titanium ratio, surfactant removal by
heating invariably led to the production of microporous samples.The third approach involved the hydrolysis of the acetylacetone-modified
titanium isopropoxide with excess water. The alkyl phosphate was then
introduced into the resulting suspension. Subsequent ageing under acidic
conditions destabilised the particles, leading to aggregation and subsequent
gelation. In contrast to the previous approaches, the pyrolysed solid
contained a significant proportion of mesopores, a high porosity (40%) and a
surface area exceeding 300 m2.g-1.
Chemical Design of Nanostructured Luminescent
Materials
Authors: Gacoin Thierry , Huignard Arnaud , Counio Guillaume , Boilot Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTDuring the last 50 years, there has been a considerable amount of work for
the elaboration of efficient luminescent materials, most of them dealing
with the search for new chemical compositions. Only a very few studies have
concerned the study of the influence of the microstructure of the materials
on their properties of emission, especially when the grain sizes of the
materials are in the nanometer range. On another side, important advances
have been performed in colloid chemistry in the last years, especially in
the case of II-VI chalcogenides, as a consequence on the intense activity
around the physics of quantum confinement in semiconductors.The basic idea of this work is to show that the techniques developed in the
case of II-VI nanoparticles could find interesting applications for the
elaboration of nanostructured luminescent materials. This is first
illustrated in the case of pure CdS nanoparticles, whose properties are
deeply affected by their surface state and their chemical environment.
Incorporation of manganese in solid solution in the CdS particles
drastically changes the emission process, which now essentially depends on
the manganese content inside each particle. Finally, the extension of the
synthesis process to rare earth doped oxide particles is presented, and the
luminescence efficiency is discussed as a function of the size, the
structure, and the chemical environment of the particles.
XÁC ĐỊNH HỆ SỐ TÍCH TỤ HÓA CHẤT BẢO VỆ THỰC VẬT CƠ CLO (OCPs) TRONG MỘT SỐ LOÀI NHUYỄN THỂ HAI MẢNH VỎ Ở KHU VỰC CỬA SÔNG SOÀI RẠP - TpHCM
Authors: Tong Nguyen Xuan , Huong Tran Thi Thu , Huong Mai , Thuy Duong Thi 
Published: May 2019

Deposited sediments contain organochlorine pesticide chemicals which can pollute surface water as well as aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the accumulation of organochlorine pesticide chemicals in the bivalve mollusk group including Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg, 1793), green mussel (Perna viridis), blood scallop (Anadara granosa) ), white clam (Meretrix lyrata) and pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) at Soai Rap estuary, Ho Chi Minh city was selected as subject of this research because of their high bioaccumulation capacity; their sedentary life, organic residue filter feeding habit and the ability to clean the lagoon environment. The pesticide chemicals were analyzed on GC-ECD system. Result of this research shows the different levels of accumulation in meat tissues of 5 species but they are lower than the allowable value of MARD 193:2004 - The bivalve mollusk harvest zone - Conditions to ensure food hygiene and safety. The results of calculating the Bio-Accumulation Factor (BAF) and Biota Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF) of the five species have shown that the bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) of bivalve mollusks in the area is natural tendency. BAF and BSAF of Crassostrea gigas were 56.672 and 0.429, Perna viridis were 66.730 and 0.608, Anadara granosa were 123.884 and 1.974, Meretrix lyrata were 52.060 and 0.489, Pinctada maxima were 115.176 and 1.076, respectively.
Prognostic Nomogram and Patterns of Use of FOLFIRI-Aflibercept in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Real-World Data Analysis
Authors: Fernández Montes Ana , López López Carlos , Argilés Martínez Guillem , Páez López David , López Muñoz Ana María , García Paredes Beatriz , Gutiérrez Abad David , Castañón López Carmen , Jiménez Fonseca Paula , Gallego Plazas Javier , López Doldán María Carmen , Martínez de Castro Eva , Sánchez Cánovas Manuel , Tobeña Puyal María , Llorente Ayala Beatriz , Juez Martel Ignacio , López Flores Mariana , Carmona-Bayonas Alberto 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The VELOUR study evaluated the efficacy and safety of adding aflibercept to FOLFIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan) in second-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, a nomogram that can stratify patients according to prognosis is unavailable, and the frequency and effect of the pragmatic use of modified schedules in actual practice remains unknown.

Method
The sample consists of 250 patients with mCRC treated with aflibercept and irinotecan-based chemotherapy at nine Spanish academic centers between January 2013 and September 2015. The result of a Cox proportional hazards model regression for overall survival (OS), adjusted for covariates available in daily practice, was represented as a nomogram and web-based calculator. Harrell's c-index was used to assess discrimination.

Results
The prognostic nomogram for OS includes six variables: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, tumor location, number of metastatic sites, mutational status, better response to previous treatment(s), and carcinoembryonic antigen. The model is well calibrated and has acceptable discriminatory capacity (optimism-corrected c-index, 0.723; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.666–0.778). Median OS was 6.1 months (95% CI, 5.1–8.8), 12.4 months (95% CI, 9.36–14.8), and 22.9 months (95% CI, 16.6–not reached) for high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups, respectively. Age, comorbidity, or use of modified FOLFIRI regimens did not affect prognosis in this series. Grade 3–4 adverse events were less common following modified schedules. The admission rate because of toxicity was higher in ≥65 years (9.7% vs. 19.6%; odds ratio, 2.26; p = .029).

Conclusion
We have developed and internally validated a prognostic model for use in individuals with colorectal cancer initiating therapy with FOLFIRI-aflibercept to predict both OS and the effect of pragmatic modifications of the classic regime on efficacy and safety. This can aid in decision making and in designing future trials.
Zaman pencereli ve değişken başlama zamanlı bir araç rotalama problemi için sütun türetme temelli mat-sezgiseller
Authors: KÜÇÜKAYDIN Hande 
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, araçların kullanıldıkları süreye bağlı maliyetlerin oluştuğu ve araçların depodan başlama zamanının
bir karar verici tarafından belirlendiği zaman pencereli bir araç rotalama
problemi ele alınmaktadır. Problemi etkin bir şekilde çözmek için biri
yinelemeli yerel arama meta-sezgiselinden, diğeri değişken komşuluk arama
meta-sezgiselinden yararlanan iki sütun türetme temelli mat-sezgisel
geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen
mat-sezgiseller literatürden alınarak türetilen 87 örnek üzerinde her
mat-sezgisel her örnekte 3 kere koşularak test edilmiştir. Bilgisayımsal sonuçlar iki mat-sezgiselin de
etkinliğini kanıtlamış, ancak değişken komşuluk arama meta-sezgiseli kullanan
mat-sezgiselin daha başarılı olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sayede kesin bir
yöntemle makul bir ana işlemci zamanında çözülemeyen büyük ölçülü problemler için
çok kısa bir zaman içerisinde iyi bir olurlu çözüm elde etmek mümkün hale
gelmiştir.
Türbülans parametrelerinin ölçümü ve türbülans kinetik enerjisinin oksijen transferine etkisi
Authors: KÖSE Ömer , HAS Ali 
Published: May 2019

Sığ bir dağ akarsuyunda derinlik boyunca ve bir kaya
etrafındaki akışın türbülans özelliklerini incelemek amacıyla deneysel bir
çalışma yapılmıştır. Türbülans, hidrolik ve ekolojik süreçlerde önemli rol oynar,
her zaman üç boyutlu olduğundan, hesaplamalar her üç yöndeki akım
değerleri için yapılmıştır. Lazer Doppler velocimeter (LDV) ve akustik Doppler
velocimeter (ADV) gibi yüksek çözünürlüklü hız ölçüm cihazlarının üretimini
takiben dünyadaki türbülans araştırmaları hız kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki
deneyler dört bileşenli bir ADV kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Sapınç (çalkantı)
hızları, varyanslar, kök ortalama kareleri, türbülans şiddetleri, Reynolds
gerilmeleri, integral zaman ölçekleri, integral uzunluk ölçekleri ve türbülans
kinetik enerji dağılımları, su derinliği
boyunca ve bir kayanın çevresinde hesaplanarak yorumlanmıştır. Korelasyon ve
spektral yoğunluk fonksiyonları hazırlanmış ve türbülanslı çevrintilerin
yaklaşık boyutları hesaplanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın nispeten yeni bir yönü,
türbülans kinetik enerji ve çözünmüş oksijen konsantrasyonu arasındaki
ilişkinin vurgulanması ve belirlenmesidir.
Derin öğrenme yöntemleriyle dermoskopi görüntülerinden melanom tespiti: Kapsamlı bir çalışma
Authors: YILDIZ Oktay 
Published: May 2019

Cilt
kanseri yaygın görülen ve tedavi edilmemesi durumunda ölüme neden olan ciddi
bir hastalıktır. Melanom ise nadir görülmesine rağmen ölüme en çok neden olan
cilt kanseri türüdür. Tüm hastalıklarda olduğu gibi cilt kanserinin erken ve
doğru tespit edilmesi hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bilgisayar destekli tanı sistemleri cilt
kanseri tespitinde hekimlere ve hastalara yardımcı olabilir. Bilgisayar
destekli tanı sistemlerinde özellikle makine öğrenmesi ve derin öğrenme
algoritmaları etkin bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada
cilt kanseri türü olan melanom için otomatik tanı koyabilecek bir sistem
önerilmektedir. Melanom tanısı için tasarlanan C4Net derin sinir ağ modeli ile
beraber literatürde ön plana çıkmış AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet, VGGNet derin
öğrenme algoritmaları ve Yapay sinir ağları, En yakın komşu algoritması ve
Destek vektör makinesi gibi geleneksel makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarını da
kapsayan detaylı bir deneysel çalışma yapılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen deneysel
çalışmalarda melanom tanısı için tasarlanan C4Net derin sinir ağ modeli diğer
yöntemlere göre daha yüksek doğrulukta sınıflandırma başarısı göstermiştir.