bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular and morphological diversity of Trebouxia microalgae in sphaerothallioid Circinaria spp. lichens1
Authors: Molins Arántzazu , Moya Patricia , García‐Breijo Francisco J. , Reig‐Armiñana José , Barreno Eva 
Published: May 2018

Three vagrant (Circinaria hispida, Circinaria gyrosa, and Circinaria sp. ‘paramerae’) and one crustose (semi‐vagrant, Circinaria sp. ‘oromediterranea’) lichens growing in very continental areas in the Iberian Peninsula were selected to study the phycobiont diversity. Mycobiont identification was checked using nrITS DNA barcoding: Circinaria sp. ‘oromediterranea’ and Circinaria sp. ‘paramerae’ formed a new clade. Phycobiont diversity was analyzed in 50 thalli of Circinaria spp. using nrITS DNA and LSU rDNA, with microalgae coexistence being found in all the species analyzed by Sanger sequencing. The survey of phycobiont diversity showed up to four different Trebouxia spp. as the primary phycobiont in 20 thalli of C. hispida, in comparison with the remaining Circinaria spp., where only one Trebouxia was the primary microalga. In lichen species showing coexistence, some complementary approaches are needed (454 pyrosequencing and/or ultrastructural analyses). Five specimens were selected for high‐throughput screening (HTS) analyses: 22 Trebouxia OTUs were detected, 10 of them not previously known. TEM analyses showed three different cell morphotypes (Trebouxia sp. OTU A12, OTU S51, and T. cretacea) whose ultrastructure is described here in detail for the first time. HTS revealed a different microalgae pool in each species studied, and we cannot assume a specific pattern between these pools and the ecological and/or morphological characteristics. The mechanisms involved in the selection of the primary phycobiont and the other microalgae by the mycobiont are unknown, and require complex experimental designs. The systematics of the genus Circinaria is not yet well resolved, and more analyses are needed to establish a precise delimitation of the species.
Multimodality treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: How field practice complies with international recommendations
Authors: Sangiovanni Angelo , Triolo Michela , Iavarone Massimo , Forzenigo Laura V. , Nicolini Antonio , Rossi Giorgio , La Mura Vincenzo , Colombo Massimo , Lampertico Pietro 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundManagement of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is framed within standardized protocols released by Scientific Societies, whose applicability and efficacy in field practice need refining.AimWe evaluated the applicability and effectiveness of guidelines for the treatment of HCC of the American Association for the Study of the Liver (AASLD).Methods370 consecutive cirrhotic patients with de novo HCC in different stages, 253 BCLC A, 66 BCLC B, 51 BCLC C received treatment through a multidisciplinary team (MDT) decision and were followed until death or end of follow‐up.ResultsTreatment was adherent to AASLD recommendations in 205 (81%) BCLC A patients, 36 (54%) BCLC B, and 27 (53%) BCLC C. Radiological complete response was achieved in 165 (45%) patients after the first‐line treatment, in 22 (19%) after a second‐line and in 9 (23%) after a third‐line treatment. Adherence to AASLD recommendation allowed a lower yearly mean mortality rate in BCLC A patients compared with other treatment (5.0% vs 10.4% P = .004), whereas upward treatment stage migration compared with the standard of care was associated with reduced yearly mortality in BCLC B (8.6% vs 20.7%, P = .029) and BCLC C (42.6% vs 59.0%, P = .04) patients.ConclusionsHCC multimodality treatment including other than first‐line therapy is common in clinical practice and impact on the achievement of complete response. Personalized treatment was able to provide survival benefits to patients whose profile is not accounted for by international recommendations, which need to be amended.
Experimental insights into Stannern‐trend eucrite petrogenesis
Authors: Crossley S. D. , Lunning N. G. , Mayne R. G. , McCoy T. J. , Yang S. , Humayun M. , Ash R. D. , Sunshine J. M. , Greenwood R. C. , Franchi I. A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe incompatible trace element‐enriched Stannern‐trend eucrites have long been recognized as requiring a distinct petrogenesis from the Main Group‐Nuevo Laredo (MGNL) eucrites. Barrat et al. () proposed that Stannern‐trend eucrites formed via assimilation of crustal partial melts by a MGNL‐trend magma. Previous experimental studies of low‐degree partial melting of eucrites did not produce sufficiently large melt pools for both major and trace element analyses. Low‐degree partial melts produced near the solidus are potentially the best analog to the assimilated crustal melts. We partially melted the unbrecciated, unequilibrated MGNL‐trend eucrite NWA 8562 in a 1 atm gas‐mixing furnace, at IW‐0.5, and at temperatures between 1050 and 1200 °C. We found that low‐degree partial melts formed at 1050 °C are incompatible trace element enriched, although the experimental melts did not reach equilibrium at all temperatures. Using our experimental melt compositions and binary mixing modeling, the FeO/MgO trend of the resultant magmas coincides with the range of known Stannern‐trend eucrites when a primary magma is contaminated by crustal partial melts. When experimental major element compositions for eucritic crustal partial melts are combined with trace element concentrations determined by previous modeling (Barrat et al. ), the Stannern‐trend can be replicated with respect to both major, minor, and trace element concentrations.
Identifiability‐Enhanced Bayesian Frequency‐Domain Substructure Identification
Authors: Yuen Ka‐Veng , Huang Ke 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIdentification of structural parameters for large structures is challenging due to the large number of unknowns and its possibly ill‐conditioned nature. Substructure identification provides a feasible solution to partition a structure into substructures to tackle these difficulties and it has received considerable attention in the recent decades. Although there are variants of substructure identification methods, they share the key to back‐calculate the boundary force of the substructure using response measurements. It will then be treated as part of the input to the substructure. However, one major drawback is the deterioration of the identifiability of the inverse problem due to the reduction of effective constraints and the complicated interdependence relationship between the model parameters and the boundary force. In this article, an improved Bayesian substructure identification approach is proposed without the requirement of input or boundary force measurements. The crux is to model the boundary force as filtered white noise because it is an internal response of the system. This provides extra constraints to enhance the identifiability of the inverse problem. Furthermore, the proposed approach provides not only the most probable values of the identified parameters but also their associated uncertainties. This is an important indicator of identifiability, especially for this case. Examples of a 100‐story building are presented to demonstrate the proposed method. Comparison is also presented to confirm that the proposed method resolves the ill‐conditioned problem encountered in absolute acceleration measurements using existing methods.
Implementation of Reach Up early childhood parenting program: acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility in Brazil and Zimbabwe
Authors: Smith Joanne A. , Baker‐Henningham Helen , Brentani Alexandra , Mugweni Rose , Walker Susan P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractYoung children need nurturing care, which includes responsive caregiver–child interactions and opportunities to learn. However, there are few extant large‐scale programs that build parents’ abilities to provide this. We have developed an early childhood parenting training package, called Reach Up, with the aim of providing an evidence‐based, adaptable program that is feasible for low‐resource settings. Implementation of Reach Up was evaluated in Brazil and Zimbabwe to inform modifications needed and identify challenges that implementers and delivery agents encountered. Interview guides were developed to collect information on the program's appropriateness, acceptability, and feasibility from mothers, home visitors, and supervisors. Information on adaptation was obtained from country program leads and Reach Up team logs, as well as quality of visits from observations conducted by supervisors. The program was well accepted by mothers and visitors, who perceived benefits for the children; training was viewed as appropriate, and visitors felt well‐prepared to conduct visits. A need for expansion of supervisor training was identified and the program was feasible to implement, although challenges were identified, including staff turnover; implementation was less feasible for staff with other work commitments (in Brazil). However, most aspects of visit quality were high. We conclude that the Reach Up program can expand capacity for parenting programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Practical considerations for transitioning early childhood interventions to scale: lessons from the Saving Brains portfolio
Authors: Radner James M. , Ferrer Marvin J.S. , McMahon Dominique , Black Caroline F.D. , Shankar Anuraj H. , Silver Karlee L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSmall pilot studies of young children have frequently shown promise, but very few have been successfully scaled to the regional or national levels. How can we ensure that these promising approaches move from a suite of pilots to full‐scale implementation that can deliver sustainable impact for hundreds of millions of children? To elucidate concrete lessons learned and suggestions on accelerating the transition to impact at scale, we reviewed the Saving Brains portfolio to better understand three points: (1) the extent to which useful signals of impact could be extracted from data at the seed phase, (2) the ways in which innovators (project leaders) were approaching human resource challenges critical for scaling, and (3) the multisector diversity of the portfolio and the way innovators entered partnerships. The findings suggest key considerations for transitioning early childhood development interventions to scale and sustainability: strong entrepreneurial leadership, rigorous measurement and active use of data in support of adaptive learning, and champions acting at subnational levels. Together, these can enable flexible, iterative learning that can make the scaling process an opportunity to increase the level of benefit each child receives from an intervention.
State of the science on implementation research in early child development and future directions
Authors: Aboud Frances E. , Yousafzai Aisha K. , Nores Milagros 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe summarize the state of the field of implementation research and practice for early child development and propose recommendations. First, conclusions are drawn regarding what is generally known about the implementation of early childhood development programs, based on papers and discussions leading to a published series on the topic. Second, recommendations for short‐term activities emphasize the use of newly published guidelines for reporting data collection methods and results for implementation processes; knowledge of the guidelines and a menu of measures allows for planning ahead. Additional recommendations include careful documentation of early‐stage implementation, such as adapting a program to a different context and assessing feasibility, as well as the process of sustaining and scaling up a program. Using existing implementation information by building on and improving past programs and translating them into policy are recommended. Longer term goals are to identify implementation characteristics of effective programs and determinants of these characteristics.
Left ventricular aneurysms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with midventricular obstruction: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Elsheshtawy Moustafa O. , Mahmoud Ahmed N. , Abdelghany Mahmoud , Suen Ida H. , Sadiq Adnan , Shani Jacob 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with or without left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVA) had been studied in the past. Midventricular obstruction associated with HCM and LVA is a unique entity that has not been distinguished previously as a separate phenotypic disease in HCM patients.MethodsA systematic review of Pubmed and Google Scholar was conducted from inception until September 2017 for all observational studies conducted on HCM with midventricular obstruction and LVA.ResultsA total of 94 patients from 39 studies were included in our analysis. The mean age of the patients was 58.05 ± 11.76 years with 59.6% being males. The most common electrocardiographic finding was T wave inversion occurring in 13.8% of the cases followed by ST elevation (9.5%). Maximal left ventricle (LV) wall thickness was reported 18.89 ± 5.19 mm on transthoracic echocardiography and paradoxical jet flow was detected in 29.8% of patients. Beta‐blockers (58.5%) were the most common drug therapy at baseline and amiodarone (10.6%) was the most common antiarrhythmic used for ventricular tachycardia (VT). The most common complication, VT, occurred in 39.3% of cases and the incidence of all‐cause mortality was 13.8 % over 16 ± 20.1 months follow‐up. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was used in 37.2% of patients; 25.7% of patients with ICD received appropriate shock therapy.ConclusionHCM with LVA and midventricular obstruction is a unique entity that appears to be associated with high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention is recommended for management of this condition.
A standard protocol for documenting modern and fossil ichnological data
Authors: Falkingham Peter L. , Bates Karl T. , Avanzini Marco , Bennett Matthew , Bordy Emese M. , Breithaupt Brent H. , Castanera Diego , Citton Paolo , Díaz‐Martínez Ignacio , Farlow Jim O. , Fiorillo Anthony R. , Gatesy Stephen M. , Getty Patrick , Hatala Kevin G. , Hornung Jahn J. , Hyatt James A. , Klein Hendrik , Lallensack Jens N. , Martin Anthony J. , Marty Daniel , Matthews Neffra A. , Meyer Christian A. , Milàn Jesper , Minter Nicholas J. , Razzolini Novella L. , Romilio Anthony , Salisbury Steven W. , Sciscio Lara , Tanaka Ikuko , Wiseman Ashleigh L. A. , Xing L. D. , Belvedere Matteo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe collection and dissemination of vertebrate ichnological data is struggling to keep up with techniques that are becoming commonplace in the wider palaeontological field. A standard protocol is required to ensure that data is recorded, presented and archived in a manner that will be useful both to contemporary researchers, and to future generations. Primarily, our aim is to make the 3D capture of ichnological data standard practice, and to provide guidance on how such 3D data can be communicated effectively (both via the literature and other means) and archived openly and in perpetuity. We recommend capture of 3D data, and the presentation of said data in the form of photographs, false‐colour images, and interpretive drawings. Raw data (3D models of traces) should always be provided in a form usable by other researchers (i.e. in an open format). If adopted by the field as a whole, the result will be a more robust and uniform literature, supplemented by unparalleled availability of datasets for future workers.
A CIPK protein kinase targets sucrose transporter MdSUT2.2 at Ser254 for phosphorylation to enhance salt tolerance
Authors: Ma Qi‐Jun , Sun Mei‐Hong , Kang Hui , Lu Jing , You Chun‐Xiang , Hao Yu‐Jin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSoil salinity is one of the major abiotic stressors that negatively affect crop growth and yield. Salt stress can regulate antioxidants and the accumulation of osmoprotectants. In the study, a sucrose transporter MdSUT2.2 was identified in apple. Overexpression of MdSUT2.2 gene increased salt tolerance in the transgenic apple, compared with the WT control “Gala.” In addition, it was found that protein MdSUT2.2 was phosphorylated at Ser254 site in response to salt. A DUAL membrane yeast hybridization system through an apple cDNA library demonstrated that a protein kinase MdCIPK13 interacted with MdSUT2.2. A series of transgenic analysis in apple calli showed that MdCIPK13 was required for the salt‐induced phosphorylation of MdSUT2.2 protein and enhanced its stability and transport activity. Finally, it was found that MdCIPK13 improved salt resistance in an MdSUT2.2‐dependent manner. These findings had enriched our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress.
Fairness, severe intellectual disability, and the special case of transplantation
Authors: Wightman Aaron , Goldberg Aviva , Diekema Douglas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractChildren with severe intellectual disability have historically been excluded from solid organ transplantation. The purpose of this article was to review the arguments for excluding this population, including claims of poorer recipient and graft survival, a lower QoL as pediatric recipients become adults, and poorer outcomes for other, more deserving pediatric transplant candidates, and make the case that these arguments are no longer persuasive. We will argue that pediatric transplant centers for reasons of social justice, value of relationships, power differential, and fairness should generally not consider intellectual ability or disability as a criterion when making decisions regarding organ transplant eligibility.
Smartphone‐based close‐range photogrammetric assessment of spherical objects
Authors: Barbero‐García Innes , Cabrelles Miriam , Lerma José Luis , Marqués‐Mateu Ángel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSmartphones have widened the possibilities for low‐cost close‐range image acquisition for three‐dimensional (3D) modelling. They allow the rapid acquisition of large amounts of data for a wide range of applications. However, the accuracy of the models and the automation possibilities depend on the image acquisition conditions and application requirements. In this study, the accuracy and reliability of the derived photogrammetric 3D models are evaluated on a spherical set‐up for close‐range applications (c.30 cm). Different numbers of images, network configurations, targets, devices and camera calibration methodologies are tested and evaluated. Results show that for this close‐range application high accuracy (0·2 mm) and reliability can be achieved. The number of images did not significantly affect the accuracy but was vital for tie‐point detection and image orientation. The use of artificial targets was found to be the key factor in increasing the final accuracy. In contrast, the image calibration strategy and the characteristics of the imaging device did not have a great impact on the results.
Disease progression of a lethal decline caused by the 16SrIV‐D phytoplasma in Florida palms
Authors: Bahder B. W. , Helmick E. E. , Chakrabarti S. , Osorio S. , Soto N. , Chouvenc T. , Harrison N. A. 
Published: May 2018

Recently, a new phytoplasma was discovered in Hillsborough County in the state of Florida, USA. This phytoplasma belongs to the 16SrIV taxonomic group and is classified as subgroup D. It is the causal agent of lethal bronzing disease (LBD) of palm. Since the discovery of LBD in 2006, the disease has spread throughout much of the state. In 2014 and 2015, stands of cabbage palm and queen palms that had been present at the University of Florida's Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center in Davie, FL began showing symptoms of LBD. After confirming the presence of the LBD phytoplasma in initially infected palms by nested PCR and RFLP analysis, all palms were systematically sampled over the period of 1 year to monitor and quantify disease spread. A total of 30 cabbage palms were tested monthly by qPCR, with five testing positive on the first sample date. By the end of the study period, 16 cabbage palms had died from the infection. A total of 16 queen palms were surveyed, with three palms initially testing positive. By the end of the study, four queen palms had tested positive and died from the infection. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to document and quantify spread of palm‐infecting phytoplasmas. This data provides important insights into the ecology of palm‐infecting phytoplasmas and highlights the impact that the movement of infective insects can pose to established stands of palms.
Pineapple heart rot isolates from Ecuador reveal a new genotype of Phytophthora nicotianae
Authors: Ratti M. F. , Ascunce M. S. , Landivar J. J. , Goss E. M. 
Published: May 2018

Pineapple heart rot disease, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae (syn. P. parasitica), is responsible for significant annual reductions in crop yield due to plant mortality. In Ecuador, new infections arise during the rainy season and increase production costs due to the need for biocontrol and fungicide applications. Studies of P. nicotianae population structure suggest that certain genetic groups are associated with host genera; however, it is not clear how many host‐specific lineages of the pathogen exist or how they are related. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of genetic variation in the P. nicotianae population causing heart rot disease of pineapple in Ecuador and compare the genotypes found on pineapple to those previously reported from citrus, tobacco and ornamentals. Thirty P. nicotianae isolates collected from infected pineapple leaves from four farms were genotyped using nine simple sequence repeat loci. In addition, the DNA sequences of mitochondrial loci cox2 + spacer and trnG‐rns were analysed. Together, these loci supported a single clonal lineage with two multilocus genotypes differing in a single allele and low mitochondrial diversity. This lineage was distinct but closely related to isolates collected from vegetables and ornamentals in Italy. The results support the hypothesis of host specialization of P. nicotianae in intensive cropping systems and contribute to the understanding of population structure of this important pathogen.
Friends and family, fruit and fish: the gift in Quattrocento Farnese cultural politics
Authors: Luiten Loek 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe production and exchange of fish and fruit by baronial families during the Quattrocento has so far defied thorough analysis. Less conspicuous than the exchange of cloth or gilded objects and less evidently linked to noble status than hunting dogs or thoroughbred racehorses, they nevertheless speak of a distinctly noble practice and culture. The modes of production of fruit and fish were intrinsically tied to the possession of extensive estates as well as noble fishing privileges. This article therefore traces both their production and dissemination by members of the Farnese family, their kin, and political relations. It shows how, through their continuous production and dissemination fruit and fish as gifts incorporated a phatic function that continued a cycle of communication, obligation and affection. Through this exchange the Farnese were able to negotiate their status with some of the most important power brokers on the Italian peninsula, strengthening the ties of their political network that spanned much of the peninsula.