bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efek Aplikasi Jamur Parasit Nematoda G. rostochiensis terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Tajuk serta Serapan P dan K Tanaman Kentang
Authors: Kalay Marthin , Natasasmita Sadeli , Suganda Tarkus , Simarmata Tualar 
Published: July 2019

Globodera rostochiensis (Woll) adalah nematoda sista kuning (NSK) pengganggu tanaman yang berbahaya pada tanaman kentang baik di daerah tropis maupun sub tropis. Mekanisme NSK untuk menyebabkan penyakit adalah pembentukan sinsitium yang menghambat serapan unsur hara dari tanah oleh akar tanaman. Penelitian rumah kaca ini dilakukan untuk menguji kemampuan jamur parasitik NSK dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan serapan unsur hara makro fosfor (P) dan kalium (K) tanaman kentang yang ditanam di tanah diinfestasi sista NSK. Percobaan rumah kaca dirancang dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang menguji tujuh spesies jamur antagonis yang diisolasi dari sista NSK. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi Fusarium oxysporum TR1, F. solani TR2, F. oxysporum KT1, F. chlamydosporum KT2, F. oxysporum SM1, Phaecilomyces lilacinus SM3 dan F. chlamydosporum SM4 pada media tanam yang terinfestasi sista G. rostochiensis, dengan nyata meningkatkan bobot kering tajuk serta serapan P dan K pada daun kentang. Jamur antagonis ini berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai agen hayati pengendali NSK.
Deteksi Transgen (Glu-1Dx5) pada Populasi Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Putative Transgenik Kultivar Fatmawati
Authors: Carsono Nono , Nurlianti Sri , Indrayani Inez Nur , Ismail Ade , Santoso Tri Joko , Karmana Murdaningsih H. 
Published: July 2019

Transformasi gen Glu-1Dx5, pengendali utama karakter elastisitas dan daya mengembang adonan dari gandum, telah berhasil ditransfer ke dalam genom tanaman padi kultivar Fatmawati dengan menggunakan penembakan partikel, dengan tujuan untuk memperbaiki kualitas adonan tepung beras. Galur-galur harapan telah diperoleh, tetapi karena telah mengalami penyerbukan sendiri selama 1-2 generasi yang menyebabkan transgen mengalami segregasi, maka diperlukan upaya pendeteksian transgen pada populasi putative transgenik ini. Upaya ini dapat dilakukan, antara lain dengan menggunakan teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) yang memungkinkan perbanyakan fragmen DNA yang spesifik (gen) secara cepat dalam jumlah banyak. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan tanaman padi transgenik yang memiliki gen Glu-1Dx5 pada dua generasi yang sedang bersegregasi. DNA genom dari 149 tanaman padi (generasi T1 sebanyak 14 tanaman, generasi T2 sebanyak 134 tanaman, dan satu tanaman non-transgenik) telah diekstraksi menggunakan Genomic DNA Purification Kit dari Fermentas. Plasmid pK+Dx5 digunakan sebagai positif kontrol, selain itu digunakan juga enzim Taq DNA polymerase dari Go Green Taq® Master Mix (Promega) dan 2 primer spesifik yang mengamplifikasi coding region dari Glu-1Dx5 (2,5 kb). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan, tanaman padi yang memiliki gen Glu-1Dx5 pada generasi T2-7 sebanyak 26 tanaman, T2-11 : 12 tanaman, T2-12 : 3 tanaman, T2-40 : 3 tanaman dan T2-45 : 5 tanaman. Seluruh tanaman generasi T1 tidak memiliki insert. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa gen Glu-1Dx5 sudah terintegrasi ke dalam genom tanaman padi kultivar Fatmawati dan diwariskan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya.
Penetapan Kelembaban, Tekstur Tanah dan Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Tanaman Kina (Chinchona spp.) di Sub Das Cikapundung Hulu Melalui Citra Satelit Landsat-TM Image
Authors: Suriadikusumah Abraham , Pratama Aryupti 
Published: July 2019

Penggunaan citra satelit Landsat TM telah banyak digunakan dalam bidang pertanian, terutama dalam hal penetapan atau identifikasi tutupan permukaan lahan seperti vegetasi, penggunaan lahan, kemiringan lereng, genangan air dan sungai, serta tutupan lainnya. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana citra satelit Landsat TM dapat mengiden­tifikasi kelembaban dan tekstur tanah serta analisis kesesuaian lahan tanaman kina (Chinchona spp.) pada Sub-DAS Cikapundung Hulu di Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat dengan ketinggian tempat 1000-1500 m di atas permukaan laut. Metode yang digunakan dalam pene­litian ini adalah analisis deskriptif melalui interpretasi citra dengan membuat citra Normalized Difference Soil Index (NDSI), citra transformasi model Tasseled Cap: Wetness Index, survey lapangan dan analisis laboratorium. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa interpretasi citra satelit Landsat-TM dengan menggunakan pendugaan citra transformasi, dapat mengiden­tifikasi kelembaban tanah dengan tingkat akurasi 57,14 % dan untuk tekstur tanah sebesar 42,85 %. Karakteristik lahan pada Sub-DAS Cikapundung Hulu dikategorikan cukup sesuai (S2) untuk pengembangan tanaman kina dengan luasan area sebesar 68,69 ha.
Effects of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Activity of Cell Envelope Proteinase Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LP69
Authors: Cheng Fangfang , Chen He , Lei Ni , Zhang Meng , Wan Hongchang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In present study, the effects of carbon sources (glucose, lactose, sucrose, galactose, maltose and soluble starch) and nitrogen sources (casein peptone, whey protein, soy peptone, yeast, tryptone, beef extract and peptone) on activity of cell envelope proteinases (CEP), specific activity, protein content, OD600 value and pH in MRS broth fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum LP69 were investigated by individual factor experiment. The results indicated that carbon and nitrogen sources have significant influence on the activity of CEP and specific activitys of L. plantarum LP69, glucose, maltose, casein peptone and peptone are superior to other selected carbon and nitrogen sources. The optimum concentrations of glucose, maltose, casein peptone and peptone for L. plantarum LP69 are 2%, 2%, 1% and 1%; the activity of CEP are 19.52U/mL, 21.13U/mL, 13.49U/mL and 20.61U/mL, respectively.
Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for the Production of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Peptides from Cow Milk by Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB6
Authors: Chen He , Ma Lin , Qi Jinna , Cao Jili , Tan Yuan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to screen out the optimal -producing peptide conditions for cow milk fermented by Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB6. The effects of temperature, inoculation size, time and skim milk concentration on the ACE inhibition rate of fermented milk were investigated by single factor experiment, and the optimal fermentation conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment. The conditions of the single factor experiment were: Temperatures were 37° C, 39° C, 42° C, 44° C and 46° C. The inoculation amount was 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%, the time was 8h and 10h. At 12h, 14h and 16h, the concentration of skim milk was 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16%, respectively. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions for ACE inhibitory peptide produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB6 were 4% inoculation, 13h in time, 42°C in temperature and 13% in skim milk. Under this condition, the ACE inhibition rate reached 76.50% and the OD value was 0.330. The titration acidity was 116.4°T, the pH was 4.62, and the sensory evaluation was 75 scores.
Assessment of Environmental Impact of the Gayo Arabica Coffee Production by Wet Process using Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Diyarma Ikhsan , Bantacut Tajuddin , Suprihatin  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Increasement of demand for gayo arabica coffee has influenced the coffee industry, either in increasing the coffee production and also in increasing the usage of coffee machinery and equipment significantly. However, combustion of oil fuels result the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) which increase the effect of greenhouse gases from the coffee production process. This study aimed to analyze the direct impact of gayo coffee production towards environment using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, including several stages such as (1) the goal and scope definition, (2) the inventory analysis, (3) the impact assessment, and (4) the interpretation. Results of this study showed that the energy needed to process 1000 kg of coffee was 7.67 MJ, while the produced liquid waste was 5 953.2 kg. The value of the global warming impact on the coffee life cycle was 56 807 165.63 CO2eq.
Effect of Different Drying Techniques on the Resistant Starch, Bioactive Components, Physicochemical and Pasting Properties of Cardaba Banana Flour
Authors: Falodun Adedolapo Ibironke , Ayo-Omogie Helen Nwakego , Awolu Olugbenga Olufemi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different drying techniques on Cardaba banana flour. Cardaba banana was processed using sun, cabinet and freeze drying methods. The proximate, pasting, functional, starch profile and antioxidant properties of Cardaba banana flour were evaluated. The drying methods significantly (p ≤0.05) affected the chemical, functional, pasting and antioxidant properties of the Cardaba banana flour. Freeze dried (FD) flour sample had highest (6.69%) protein value, while sun dried (SD) flour sample had the lowest (6.13%). The crude fat of FD sample (2.38%) was not significantly different (p >0.05) from cabinet dried (CD) flour (2.38%) sample. However, sun dried sample crude fibre content was the highest (0.84%). In addition, drying methods significantly (p ≤0.05) affected the pasting characteristics of Cardaba banana flours. Results of functional properties showed that the drying methods had no effect on the least gelation properties of the flour. The resistant and total starch was highest in CD, and least in SD. Freeze drying produced flour high in indigestible carbohydrate compared to the other methods. Cardaba banana flour samples from all the drying methods showed substantive total phenolic, flavonoid, ABTS and DPPH contents. The drying methods employed significantly (p ≤0.05) affected the functional, chemical, pasting and antioxidants properties of Cardaba banana flours. However, the study indicated that freeze drying and cabinet drying produce flours with better properties.
Shelf-Life Prediction Model of Chitosan Coated Eggs at Different Storage Temperatures
Authors: Hu Yunfeng , Zhang Liping , Wei Jinjin , Wei Zengyu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In order to study the quality changes and shelf life of chitosan coated eggs during storage, the quality, gas chamber diameter, yolk coefficient and the quality change of Hough unit during storage were measured at temperature of 5, 20 and 35 ℃. The Pearson correlation between the quality indexes and the egg Hough’s unit value was analyzed, and the yolk coefficient was analyzed dynamically and the shelf life prediction model was based on the basis of the Arrhenius equation. The results showed that the quality of eggs, egg yolk coefficient, and Huff units all decreased with the extension of storage time, and the diameter of the air chambers of eggs showed an increasing trend with the extension of storage time. Moreover, the storage environment at high temperature (20 and 35 ℃) had a significant effect on the quality deterioration than the low temperature (5℃) storage environment; The correlation coefficient between egg yolk coefficient and Hough unit is the highest at all temperatures, which can be used as an important indicator for shelf life prediction; According to the changing rule of egg quality, the yolk coefficient can establish a first order kinetic model. According to the model established by the egg yolk coefficient, the coefficient R2 of the fitting curve of the predicted value and the measured value is 0.9825, and the average relative error P is 9.32% and less than 10%. The kinetic relationship between yolk coefficient and temperature is well described. At the same time, based on the dynamic model, the shelf life prediction model of chitosan-coated eggs based on yolk coefficient was determined by the dynamic model. The average relative error was 7.6%, less than 10%, which indicated that the egg shelf life prediction model based on the change of egg yolk coefficient was feasible.
Analysis of the Correlation Between the Freshness Indices of Pork and its Pork Exudate
Authors: Hu Yunfeng , Wang Yadi , Tang Yuxuan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In recent years, as the Chinese consumption level increased, the consumption quantity of fresh pork had been increasing year by year. Freshness was an important index to judge the quality of pork. This study aimed to analyze freshness indices change of pork and pork exudate during storage. Thus the conclusion of this study was to characterize freshness change of pork by change law of freshness indices of pork exudate. So as to provide a reference for more convenient determination of the pork freshness. The results showed that the freshness indices of pork and their exudates change accordingly with the increase of storage time. On day 3, the pork seeped out more obvious juice. The turbidity of pork and its exudates increased gradually with the decrease of freshness, and sensory scores decreased gradually. The color changed from bright red to reddish brown and finally grey brown. The indicators of pork and their exudates (the total volatile basic nitrogen, the pH, a* and turbidity levels) were significantly correlated at the 0.01 level, the correlation coefficients were 0.9727, 0.9823, 0.9205, and 0.8765, respectively. Therefore, freshness indices of pork exudates can reflect the freshness of pork.
Effect of Sodium Tripolyphosphate, Glycerol, Vitamin B2, Mannitol and Solid Malt Extract on Survival of Bifidobacterium bifidum During Freeze-Drying
Authors: Shu Guowei , Yin Chun , Qin Haipeng , Kou Haiyan , He Shuai , Huang Dan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The effect of sodium tripolyphosphate, glycerol, vitamin B2, mannitol and solid malt extract on the freeze-dried powder survival rate and the viable cells of the B. bifidum BB01 were studied by single-factor test in this study. The optimal concentration of protectant for B. bifidum during freeze-drying were 1.5% (W/V) sodium tripolyphosphate, 12% (W/V) glycerol, 6% (W/V) vitamin B2, 6% (W/V) mannitol and 6% (W/V) solid malt extract, and the survival rate of bacteria was 18.63%, 22.98%, 24.13%, 24.19% and 39.77%, respectively.
Legibility of Urban Spaces in Kaunas New Town: Research, Strategy, Suggestions
Authors: Vaitkevičiūtė Vaiva 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Legibility is urban quality, defining ability to find a way in urban or architectural structure, as well as understanding the identity or function of a certain space. Legible environment could help to comprehend not only the space in which person is in a given situation, but also the whole city. It helps to identify oneself as part of a group or certain community. The article is oriented to better understanding of people’s needs in environment, by analyzing the case study of Kaunas New Town. The project is based on observation, analysis of literature and results of research by space syntax methodology. The results show coherence between design rules, based on people’s needs, and visibility graph model, which shows the potential of public and private spaces.
Verification of the Computed Tomography Results of Aluminum Alloy Welded Joint
Authors: Malicki Maciej , Sobczak Kamil 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) of aluminum welded joint specimen has been performed. On the tomographic cross sections some defects have been found. To verify them the metallography cross sections of welded has been done. It was found that selected defects are micro cracks.
The Fatigue Life of Cables in Aircraft Flight Control Systems
Authors: Kubryn Mariusz , Gruszecki Henryk , Pieróg Leszek , Chodur Jerzy , Pietruszka Janusz , Brzęczek Józef 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The cable flight control systems are commonly used for the control of small airplanes. In these systems, the cables are the only elements transmitting loads from the pilot to the control surfaces. During a flight the cables are moving through pulleys and are subjected to variable loads. A simple analysis of stress in the cable shows that the stress generated by the cyclical bending on the pulleys causes the fatigue of the wires.
This phenomenon was noticed on a military aircraft of the M28 family during periodic maintenance inspection in 2007. The endurance tests of KSAN cables of the diameter equal to 3.5 mm and 1.8 mm were performed at the PZL MIELEC. The tests showed the limited fatigue life of the cables due to a progressive increase in the number of broken wires.
Experimental Validation of Riveting Process Fe Simulation
Authors: Wronicz Wojciech 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Rivets are critical areas in metal airframes from the fatigue point of view. Fatigue behaviour of riveted joints depends strongly on the residual stress system around the rivet holes. The both most convenient and most common method of determining these stresses is the Finite Element (FE) analyses. The validation of models used is necessary to ensure the reliability of results.
This paper presents the validation process of the riveting FE simulations for the universal and the countersunk rivets. At first, the material model of the rivets was validated with the use of the force–displacement curves of the press stamp obtained experimentally. Because of the displacement measurement method, it was necessary to take into account the flexibility of the stand. After that, good correlation between the numerical simulations and the experiment was obtained for both rivet types.
At the second stage, strains around driven heads measured with the use of strip gauge patterns were compared with the results of the FE simulations. Quite good correlation was obtained for the countersunk rivet. In the case of the universal rivet, the numerical results are significantly higher values than the measured ones. Differences in correlation of the experiments and FE simulations for the analysed rivet types probably result from material differences of the rivets.
A Brief Review on NDT&E Methods For Structural Aircraft Components
Authors: Wronkowicz-Katunin Angelika 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a summary of non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) methods applied in inspections of structural aircraft components. This brief review covers the most commonly applied methods such as visual and penetrant inspections, tap-testing, eddy current inspections, shearography, thermography, acoustic emission testing, radiographic and tomographic inspections, and ultrasonic inspections. The general operating principles of these methods as well as their main advantages, limitations and application areas are described below.
Fatigue Degradation of the Structure of Parachute Systems
Authors: Szafran Krzysztof , Kramarski Ireneusz 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Parachute systems are in widespread use in aviation. Up to now, parachutes are the most uncertain air vehicles because of their complex and unsteady opening characteristics, changes in geometry up to 30% and vulnerability from unsteady atmospheric turbulence. Fatigue is a problem that the designers of long living parachute systems need to cope with. Authors demonstrate complexity of parachute exploitation and means to lower opening forces and extend service life without influencing safety.
The tribe Scrophularieae (Scrophulariaceae): A Review of Phylogenetic Studies
Authors: Riahi Mehrshid , Ghahremaninejad Farrokh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Molecular data have been increasingly used to study the phylogenetic relationships among many taxa, including scrophs. Sometimes they have provided phylogenetic reconstructions that are in conflict with morphological data leading to a re-evaluation of long-standing evolutionary hypotheses. In this paper, we review reports of the recent knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships within Scrophularieae (2011–2017). The results of these analyses led to the following conclusions. (1) Species of Scrophularia have undergone one or more Miocene migration events occurred from eastern Asia to the North America with subsequent long dispersal and diversification in three main directions. (2) Allopolyploid and aneuploid hybrid speciation between Scrophularia species can occur, so hybridization and polyploidy have an important role for history of diversification. (3) The ancestral staminode type for the genus Scrophularia seems to be a large staminode. (4) Monophyly of the genus Verbascum with respect to the genus Scrophularia is strongly supported. (5) Oreosolen, is not monophyletic, because all accessions of Oreosolen were nested within Scrophularia. We discuss methods of data collection and analysis, and we describe the areas of conflict and agreement between molecular phylogenies.
A global systematic review of publications concerning the invasion biology of four tree species
Authors: Khapugin Anatoliy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Paper presents a systematic global review of Acer negundo, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia invasions focusing on the Scopus and Web of Science databases. We examined the data on papers, study areas, habitat studied, topic discussed. We hypothesized that these species were studied evenly throughout their invaded ranges and, as such, indexed by international databases. We asked whether four selected species are presented evenly in publications related to their invaded ranges, and whether both selected databases cover well a content of these papers. We found 48 papers for A. negundo, 14 – for F. pennsylvanica, 83 – for A. altissima, 96 – for R. pseudoacacia. A high percentage of the studies were conducted in Central Europe and USA (for A. altissima), while Eastern Europe, Russia, Western United States were poorly represented. Most studies were conducted in forests, and focused on impacts or distribution of aliens in invaded range, and their control and management. We encountered habitat types invaded by trees, factors influencing tree invasions, consequences of invaders’ impact on ecosystems, counteracting measures. We concluded that the use only Web of Science and Scopus is not sufficient to obtain the complete data about the invasion biology.
Energy Consumption of Rail Baltica Project: Regional Aspects of Environmental Impact
Authors: Piterina Olga , Masharsky Alexander 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Research purpose. The high-speed railway (HSR) construction project in the Baltic States is the largest joint infrastructure project since the restoration of independence of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. Rail Baltica (RB) is considered as the most energy-efficient project having the lowest environmental impact. However, the issue of energy consumption of the project was not sufficiently addressed either in the investment justification of the RB construction or in the relevant research works regarding the project. The aim of the current research is to determine the indicators of energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions intensity of the Latvian section of RB, since they are the key factors of the quantitative assessment of sustainability.

Design/Methodology/Approach. Critical analysis of the academic research works and reports of the official international organizations dedicated to the topic of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of HSR was conducted prior to the calculation of the above-mentioned indicators. The method of calculation based on International Union of Railways (UIC) was used in order to conduct the cluster analysis within the framework of current work. The main points considered are electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and level of passenger and freight demand. Statistical databases of UIC and International Energy Agency were used.

Findings. The calculations carried out by the authors of the given article demonstrate substantial figures of CO2 emissions intensity for Latvian section of the project related to the train load rate and traffic intensity which is evened out only by the CO2 emissions factor in Latvia.

Originality/Value/Practical implications. On this basis the authors present the directions for future research required for the development of the effective strategy for the Latvian Republic with the aim of achieving the increase in the RB project’s ecological efficiency.