bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capital social, relaciones sociales y bienes públicos: ¿qué conexiones?
Authors: Donati Pierpaolo 
Published: October 2018

Toda investigación empírica muestra que el capital social es un factor esencial para producir y preservar los bienes públicos, pero las teorías difieren en cuanto al papel desempeñado por las relaciones sociales. Algunos piensan que los bienes públicos no necesitan redes sociales, mientras que otros argumentan que, sin redes sociales, el capital social no se crea y, por lo tanto, los bienes públicos no se valoran. El presente trabajo mantiene que la comparación entre estas teorías opuestas, o al menos divergentes, solo se puede resolver demostrando si, o no, y bajo qué condiciones, las redes de relaciones sociales producen el valor social añadido (VSA) que se traduce en el capital social necesario para apoyar bienes públicos. Adoptando la perspectiva de la sociología relacional podemos ver y medir el valor social añadido de las relaciones sociales en redes primarias y secundarias, conduciendo a la emergencia de los bienes públicos.Although empirical research reveals that social capital is an essential factor to produce and preserve public assets, theories differ as to the role that social relations play. Some believe that public assets do not require social networks, while others argue that social capital without social networks cannot be created and, therefore, public assets are not valued. This paper mantains that a comparison between these opposing, or at least diverging, theories can only be made by demonstrating whether, and under what conditions, social relation networks produce social added value (SAV) or not, which becomes the social capital needed to support public assets. From the relational sociology perspective, we can see and measure the SAV of social relations in primary and secondary networks that lead to public assets emerging.
Tidens rytmik
Authors: Stougaard-Nielsen Jakob 
Published: October 2018

Dante Alighieri, William Carlos Williams’ prosodi og Michel Serres Rhythm of TimeThe article discusses William Carlos Williams’s poetics and his particular conception of a modern prosody as expressed in the essay »Speech Rhythm« (1913) and as materialized in his experiments with a poetic form he himself termed »the variable foot« in »the triadic verse«. The article suggests that Williams’s poetics should be conceived as both an attempt to reinvigorate a typographically governed poetic language, his reaction to free verse, and as a larger figure for a poetic project which attempts to offer a poetic form to an unruly American idiom. Additionally, Williams’s new poetic measure is considered as an attempt to produce a poetic voice that could capture the rhythms and temporalities suggested by the modern age. Williams’s poetics present, then, a conflation of poetic scheme and trope, of prosody and anthropology, and are presented here as in tune with Ezra Pound, George Antheil, Albert Einstein and Michel Serres’ aesthetic and scientific abstractions of temporality. Williams’s poetic experiments offer a new measure for a modern »time«.
Genrens tøven
Authors: Sestoft Carsten 
Published: October 2018

Romanens status i det 17. århundredes Frankrig The hesitations of a genre: The status of the novel in seventeenth-century FranceIn answering the question: What was the novel in seventeenth-century France? – this article provides insight into some important points of the early history of the genre. The contradiction between its non-existence in official (Aristotelian) poetics and its existence as a popular commodity on the book market was, in the course of the seventeenth century, reconciled in the emergent category of belles lettres as a plurality of genres mainly defined by their public of honnêtes gens, while attempts at legitimizing the novel as belonging to such Aristotelian genres as epic or history generally failed; and at the end of the century a number of convergences – between epic and novel, between the designations roman and nouvelle, and between the ‘high’ and ‘low’ forms of the novel – seem to point to the fact that the social existence of the genre had been strengthened, even if it was the English novel of the eighteenth century that could be said to reap the profits of this stronger position. Using historical semantics and cultural sociology to study the status of the novel in seventeenth-century France thus leads to a clearer understanding of the specificity of the novel as a literary and cultural genre.
Romanhistorie og topik: Kvinde-vogn-mand
Authors: Meiner Carsten Henrik 
Published: October 2018

History of the novel and topica: Woman-carriage-manThe aim of the article is to analyse the function of the carriage in the European novel in the 17th and 18th centuries. The article is divided into three parts: the first one describes the historical, material, juridical and sociological conditions determining the carriage in the 17th century as a bourgeois object. The second part analyses the specific literary function of the carriage. Whereas »normal« carriages have the function of transferring people between two geographically fixed points, the function of the literary carriage is that of making this very transfer break down accidentally. In a very homogenous way passages from Furetière, Marivaux, Defoe, Diderot and Goethe all demonstrate the functioning of such a chance principle. As these passages also have the conventional function of bringing a couple together in the carriage, a new idea of love as a fundamentally contingent category is in fact the cultural offspring of these chance encounters in carriages.
Samuel Richardsons brevromaner
Authors: Hultén Martin 
Published: October 2018

En litteraturhistorisk placering The Epistolary Novels of Samuel Richardson: Reconsidering the Historical PerspectiveThe epistolary novels of Samuel Richardson were received with enthusiasm throughout Britain and Europe upon their publication in the 1740s and 50s, and they have had their unquestioned place in the literary canon and the literary history of the 18th century, as well as in the many rivalling Rise of the Novel narratives, ever since. The qualities of Richardson’s novels praised by contemporary reading audiences and professional critics were to some extent the qualities we still acknowledge in the the works. And yet I propose to reconsider and modify our ‘historical’ understanding of Richardson’s novels. Richardson scholars from the 1970s onward have deepened our understanding of the contexts of Richardson’s life and writing, and they have shown to what extent both the style, the form, the motifs, and the themes of his novels must be placed alongside the works of rival authors, today much less known, and the comedies and tragedies of the restoration period, just to mention two important fields of inspiration for Richardson. On the basis of their findings we must conclude that the novels we read today when considering Richardson’s works as part of a formal literary history are not quite the same as the novels contemporary readers cherished. There are important differences as well as correspondences between the contemporary reception of Richardson’s works and the reception of professional scholars in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
HVAD FATTER LACAN GØR, DET ER ALTID DET RIGTIGE – ELLER ER DET?
Authors: Boysen Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

HVAD FATTER LACAN GØR, DET ER ALTID DET RIGTIGE – ELLER ER DET? Replik til René Rasmussens kommentar i K&K #113
TURISME, DIGT OG HISTORIE - TINTERN ABBEY SOM EKSEMPEL PÅ ÆSTETISK OBJEKTIVATION
Authors: Andersen Jørn Erslev 
Published: October 2018

TOURISM, POETRY, AND HISTORY. TINTERN ABBEY AS AN EXAMPLE OF AESTHETIC OBJECTIVATION | The essay presents a new concept which I call ‘aesthetic objectivation’. It deals with how to understand and grasp specific literary texts, events and conceptualisations due to a specific field of both disrupted and progressive historical features, in which the same object is being perceived, firstly as a sense object, secondly as reflexive object. The concept is shaped by a non-universalistic and non-Hegelian objectivity thinking. The line from Gilpin’s ‘pittoresque’ and sensual description of Tintern Abbey in Observations on the River Wye to the reflexive use of the very same ruin in Wordsworth’s “Tintern Abbey”, Tennyson’s “Tears, Idle Tears”, and Ginsberg’s “Wales Visitation” serves as an exemplifying study case.
Toutes et tous dans le même bateau
Authors: Desgagnés Jean-Yves , Goma-Gakissa Georges , Gaudreau Lorraine 
Published: October 2018

Au Québec, la recherche académique en travail social relative à la pauvreté apparaît, en ce début de 21esiècle, comme toujours, principalement agrippée à l’urbanité. Le contenu de cet article présente les résultats de deux recherches qualitatives exploratoires, de type recherche-action participative (RAP), menées en milieu rural québécois et s’étant intéressées à l’intervention sociale dans le champ de la pauvreté à partir des regards croisés de deux groupes d’acteurs en interaction, soit des expert.e.s du vécu (EV) et des expert.e.s de la pratique (EP). L’analyse des entretiens a permis de constater que cette intervention s’inscrivait dans une réalité sociale multidimensionnelle et complexe. À partir d’une mise en perspective inspirée de deux univers théoriques, l’analyse des données recueillies a révélé que l’intervention sociale sur la pauvreté en milieu rural constituait un espace de tension traversé par deux grandes logiques : celle des acteurs et celle des environnements (économique, politique et idéologique). Dans la logique des acteurs, l’enjeu de la définition de la situation (ou de la perception commune) qui détermine les actions à entreprendre est influencé principalement par la capacité des groupes d’acteurs (EV-EP) à dépasser leurs catégories auto-interprétatives. Dans la logique des environnements, deux semblent déterminants pour le succès ou l’échec de l’intervention sociale : l’environnement politique, tout particulièrement celui des politiques publiques du gouvernement du Québec, et l’environnement territorial, soit celui de la ruralité.
La lutte à la pauvreté dans une perspective de développement des communautés
Authors: Simard Paule , Parent André-Anne , Richardson Mary 
Published: October 2018

La dévitalisation des milieux locaux constitue la facette collective de la pauvreté. À partir de trois approches ayant fait l’objet de recherche ou d’évaluation (Politique nationale de la ruralité du Québec, Dispositif de caractérisation des communautés, et Villes et Villages en santé), la discussion porte sur trois défis liés à la revitalisation ou la lutte à la pauvreté collective en regard des transformations récentes du paysage du développement du monde rural depuis 2014 : le soutien au développement des communautés, la préservation des espaces de concertation et la pertinence de politiques fortes de soutien au développement des communautés.
AVALIAÇÃO E MENSURAÇÃO DOS CRÉDITOS DE CARBONO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO SETOR DA SUINOCULTURA DA EMPRESA BRF- BRASIL FOODS S.A.
Authors: Vieira Alex Sarmento , De Sá Neto José Abrantes , Silveira Sarmento Raquel Cristina Soares , Vieira Allan Sarmento 
Published: October 2018

<p>A evidenciação e a qualidade das informações contábeis, acrescidas da mensuração dos créditos de carbono, acompanhadas dos seus inventários das emissões de gases do efeito estufa são fatores indispensáveis na consolidação das empresas no mercado. Com base neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi sistematizar um mecanismo quantitativo para contabilizar e evidenciar os créditos de carbono na empresa BRF- Brasil Foods S.A. referente à atividade da suinocultura, com base em notas explicativas publicadas no <em>site </em>da BM&amp;FBOVESPA, entre os anos de 2006 e 2010. A metodologia utilizada foi a AMS-IIID versão 14, aprovada pela Convenção das Nações Unidas para a suinocultura, que permite estimar a quantidade em toneladas de dióxido de carbônico (CO<sub>2</sub>) em ano. Analisando as notas explicativas da empresa, observou-se que a mesma não adota e nem evidencia uma metodologia que contabilize os créditos de carbono provenientes dos dejetos suínos. Tendo em vista os resultados contabilizados, observou-se que a empresa possui 9229 matrizes suínas que totalizaram 5944 créditos de carbono, podendo gerar uma receita adicional, caso seja negociado pelas Bolsas de Valores. Portanto, neste estudo, é sugerido que a empresa inclua os créditos de carbono no seu Balanço Ambiental.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
EDUCAÇÃO SOCIALISTA: DESAFIOS TEÓRICO-PRÁTICOS E COMPROMISSO COM A CLASSE TRABALHADORA
Authors: Rodrigues Pereira Maria De Fátima 
Published: October 2018

<p>Apresenta-se a presente Edição no Planejamento do Comitê Editorial da Germinal. Tecem-se considerações sobre educação e cultura socialista. Apresentam-se as produções em suas respectivas Seções e expressam-se votos de boas leituras. </p><p> </p>
EDUCAÇÃO SOCIALISTA
Authors: Saviani Nereide 
Published: October 2018

<p>Apresenta-se entrevista com a Professora Nereide Saviani, concedida às organizadoras desta edição, Maria de Fátima Rodrigues Pereira, Gilcilene de Oliveira Damasceno Barão onde reflete sobre Educação Socialista, suas práticas, seus teóricos e desafios que se colocam à escola pública brasileira quando aponta elementos para da sua efetivação. </p>
Wound Characteristics Among Patients Exposed to Xylazine
Authors: Lutz Lydia , McFadden Rachel , Xu Lin , Bhatia Ranvir , Davis M. Holliday , Rohacs Natasa , Wei Jenny , Perrone Jeanmarie , Lowenstein Margaret , Thakrar Ashish P. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe alpha-2 agonist xylazine is increasingly detected as an adulterant in illicitly manufactured fentanyl. There is concern that xylazine may be responsible for an emerging pattern of necrotizing wounds among people who use drugs, but the clinical features of wounds associated with xylazine remain poorly characterized.ObjectiveTo systematically characterize the location, wound bed surface, and chronicity of wounds among persons with confirmed xylazine exposure.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case series at 3 academic medical hospitals in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, included patients with emergency department or inpatient encounters from April 2022 to February 2023 who had a wound-related chief complaint and xylazine detected with urine gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy.ExposureXylazine.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe location, size, wound bed, and chronicity of wounds associated with xylazine using electronic medical record abstraction and Fisher exact tests.ResultsOf 59 wounds from 29 unique patients with confirmed xylazine exposure (mean [SD] age, 39.4 [8.8] years; 15 [52%] male; all using fentanyl, and 23 [79%] routinely injecting opioids), 53 wounds (90%) were located on extremities, and 41 (69%) involved extensor surfaces. Five wounds (9%) involved exposed deep structures such as bone or tendon. Of 57 wounds with photographs, 34 (60%) had wound beds of predominantly devitalized tissue (eschar or slough). Based on patient report, 28 wounds (48%) were acute (&amp;lt;1 month old), 12 (20%) were subacute (present for 1-3 months), and 17 (29%) were chronic (developed ≥3 months prior). Subacute and chronic wounds were more often medium or large in size (odds ratio, 48.5; 95% CI, 8.2-1274.8; P &amp;lt; .001) and more frequently had devitalized wound beds (odds ratio, 9.5; 95% CI, 2.9-37.0; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case series of hospitalized patients with confirmed xylazine exposure, wounds were commonly located on extensor surfaces of the extremities, frequently had devitalized tissue or exposed deep structures, and were more likely to have larger and necrotic wound beds the longer they had persisted. This systematic characterization of xylazine-associated wounds may inform identification, management, and research to address this emerging public health threat.
Advancing Global Pharmacoequity in Oncology
Authors: Erfani Parsa , Okediji Ruth L. , Mulema Vivienne , Cliff Edward R. Scheffer , Asante-Shongwe Kwanele , Bychkovksy Brittany L. , Fadelu Temidayo 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceLimited availability and affordability of cancer drugs contribute to staggering disparities in cancer survival between high-income and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). As infrastructure for cancer care rapidly develops, there is an urgent need to reduce prices and improve access to cancer medicines in LMICs to advance pharmacoequity globally.ObservationsPrior strategies to expand access to cancer medicines in LMICs have primarily relied on charity or differential pricing and have yielded limited results. Policymakers at the World Health Assembly recently proposed several strategies to increase global access to cancer drugs. Reviewing empirical data and lessons learned from medication access programs for HIV, COVID-19, and other infectious diseases, 3 strategies that multilateral organizations can use to reduce prices of cancer drugs in LMICs are discussed herein. These include (1) building regional technology transfer and manufacturing hubs, (2) expanding and streamlining use of compulsory licenses, and (3) implementing global standards for drug price transparency. Counterpoints to the critiques of these policies are critiqued and how programs can use these strategies to build on existing disease-centered initiatives is discussed.Conclusions and RelevanceLessons learned from the global response to HIV and COVID-19 show that international collaboration and support from the World Health and Trade Organizations can ensure a unified, coordinated agenda for advancing access to care in LMICs. Building on these lessons and implementing similar approaches for cancer drugs can play a critical role in expanding accessibility and affordability of cancer medicines in LMICs. With a growing burden of cancer morbidity and mortality in LMICs, redoubled efforts to deliver essential cancer medications to LMICs would have an immense impact on global cancer control and achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Donor–Acceptor Type Solvatochromic Flavonoid Materials Fluorphores for Polarity Sensing and Real‐Time Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Liu Anqi , Zhang Qipeng , Pan Lei , Yang Fan , Lin Dan , Jiang Changlong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectron donor–acceptor (D–A) molecules are emerging tools for designing sensitive luminogens, attracting significant research attention. However, due to poor quantum yields under certain conditions, current D–A fluorophores often suffer from fluorescence quenching in practical applications. Developing new D–A dyes and functional composites is crucial for expanding their applications. Here, a novel donor–acceptor type flavonoid dye molecule, namely “AFL”, exhibiting both polarity‐dependent fluorescence emission wavelength shift and viscosity‐dependent intensity change, for polarity measurement and temperature sensing is designed and synthesized. Because the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) can be enhanced by a decrease of excited state energy caused in high‐polarity organic solvents, AFL undergoes fluorescence emission wavelength shift that shows fluorescence color response to solvents of different polarities and hence differentiates between them. Moreover, the actual temperature can be monitored by the as‐designed AFL@tetradecanoic acid (AFL@TA) sensor. By combining with TA, viscosity sensitively changes upon the temperature change of insoluble composites, thus realizing the fluorescence intensity response to temperature. Remarkable recyclable performance and satisfactory mechanical properties are integrated. This study provides a promising approach to developing a new D–A fluorescent probe and furnishes perspectives on the potential of such D–A type flavonoid material in stimuli‐responsive systems with a focus on visualization sensing technology.
Rational Electrode Design for Enhanced Battery Performance: Addressing SOC Heterogeneity and Achieving Energy Density
Authors: Yan Ziwen , Wang Li , He Xiangming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe heterogeneity in the state of charge (SOC) across electrodes can significantly abbreviate battery lifespan, deteriorate safety metrics, and diminish capability rate. Despite being a known issue for some time, the factors contributing to this phenomenon have not been systematically summarized. Without a thorough understanding of the underlying causes, it is difficult to devise preventive strategies that can effectively enhance electrode behavior. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the factors inducing electrode SOC heterogeneity, identifying the unequal distribution of ions and electrons as the primary cause of the varied reaction rates across the electrode, which ultimately leads to SOC heterogeneity. Subsequently, preventive measures are outlined with a focus on electrode composition and structure. Furthermore, implications of SOC heterogeneity and the challenges associated with achieving both large power density and high energy density in electrodes are discussed. A more profound grasp of the mechanisms governing ion and electron conduction, coupled with materials that can resolve these dilemmas into win–win outcomes, is essential for the advancement of electrodes.
Dual‐Phase Singularity at a Single Incident Angle with Spectral Tunability in Tamm Cavities
Authors: Sreekanth Kandammathe Valiyaveedu , Jana Sambhu , Wu Qing Yang Steve , Zhao Meng , Singh Ranjan , Teng Jinghua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe phase singularity, a sudden phase change occurring at the reflection zero is widely explored using various nanophotonic systems such as metamaterials and thin film cavities. Typically, these systems exhibit a single reflection zero with a phase singularity at a specific incident angle, particularly at larger angles of incidence (>50 degrees). However, achieving multiple phase singularities at a single incident angle remains a formidable challenge. Here, the existence of a dual‐phase singularity is experimentally demonstrated at a lower incident angle using a tunable Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) cavity that consists of gold‐coated ultralow‐loss phase change material Sb2S3‐based distributed Bragg reflector. It can excite narrowband TPP resonances from normal incidence to a wide angle of incidence for both s‐ and p‐polarizations of light. Notably, this TPP cavity shows dual‐phase singularity at lower angles of incidence since the excited TPP for s‐ and p‐polarizations exhibits zero reflection at slightly different wavelengths for the same incident angle. A TPP cavity‐based scalable hydrogen sensor is proposed and shows that the dual‐phase singularity can further improve the sensitivity of singular phase‐based sensing approaches. Moreover, spectrally tunable dual‐phase singularity is experimentally demonstrated at a lower incident angle using a metal‐free Tamm cavity.