bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filter‐probe diffusion imaging improves spinal cord injury outcome prediction
Authors: Skinner Nathan P. , Lee Seung‐Yi , Kurpad Shekar N. , Schmit Brian D. , Muftuler L. Tugan , Budde Matthew D. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveDiffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is a powerful tool for investigating spinal cord injury (SCI), but has limited specificity for axonal damage, which is the most predictive feature of long‐term functional outcome. In this study, a technique designed to detect acute axonal injury, filter‐probe double diffusion encoding (FP‐DDE), is compared with standard DWI for predicting long‐term functional and cellular outcomes.MethodsThis study extends FP‐DDE to predict long‐term functional and histological outcomes in a rat SCI model of varying severities (n = 58). Using a 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, a whole‐cord FP‐DDE spectroscopic voxel was acquired in 3 minutes at the lesion site and compared to DWI at 48 hours postinjury. Relationships with chronic (30‐day) locomotor and histological outcomes were evaluated with linear regression.ResultsThe FP‐DDE measure of parallel diffusivity (ADC||) was significantly related to chronic hind limb locomotor functional outcome (R2 = 0.63, p < 0.0001), and combining this measurement with acute functional scores demonstrated prognostic benefit versus functional testing alone (p = 0.0007). Acute ADC|| measurements were also more closely related to the number of injured axons measured 30 days after the injury than standard DWI. Furthermore, acute FP‐DDE images showed a clear and easily interpretable pattern of injury that closely corresponded with chronic MRI and histology observations.InterpretationCollectively, these results demonstrate FP‐DDE benefits from greater specificity for acute axonal damage in predicting functional and histological outcomes with rapid acquisition and fully automated analysis, improving over standard DWI. FP‐DDE is a promising technique compatible with clinical settings, with potential research and clinical applications for evaluation of spinal cord pathology. Ann Neurol 2018;83:37–50
Highly Elastic Organic Crystals for Flexible Optical Waveguides
Authors: Liu Huapeng , Lu Zhuoqun , Zhang Zuolun , Wang Yue , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe study of elastic organic single crystals (EOSCs) has emerged as a cutting‐edge research of crystal engineering. Although a few EOSCs have been reported recently, those suitable for optical/optoelectronic applications have not been realized. Here, we report an elastic crystal of a Schiff base, (E)‐1‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl)iminomethyl‐2‐hydroxyl‐naphthalene. The crystal is highly bendable under external stress and able to regain immediately its original straight shape when the stress is released. It displays bright orange–red emission with a high fluorescence quantum yield of 0.43. Intriguingly, it can serve as a low‐loss optical waveguide even at the highly bent state. Our result highlights the feature and utility of “elasticity” of organic crystals.
Multipronged Biomimetic Approach To Create Optically Tunable Nanoparticles
Authors: Harmatys Kara M. , Chen Juan , Charron Danielle M. , MacLaughlin Christina M. , Zheng Gang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCurrent biomimetics for medical applications use a single biomimetic approach to imitate natural structures, which can be insufficient for reconstructing structurally complex natural systems. Multipronged efforts may resolve these complexities. To achieve interesting nanostructure‐driven optical properties, a dual‐biomimetic system contained within a single nanoagent was engineered to recapitulate chlorosomes, efficient light‐harvesting organelles that have unique dye assemblies and tunable photonic properties. A series of chlorin dyes was synthesized, and these hydrophobic assemblies were stabilized inside a high‐density lipoprotein, a second biomimetic that enabled in vivo utility. This system resulted in tunable tumor imaging of intact (photoacoustic) and disrupted (activatable fluorescence) nanostructures. The successful demonstration of this multipronged biomimetic approach opens the door for reconstruction of complex natural systems for biomedical applications.
Redox Chemistry of Molybdenum Trioxide for Ultrafast Hydrogen‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wang Xianfu , Xie Yiming , Tang Kai , Wang Chao , Yan Chenglin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHydrogen ions are ideal charge carriers for rechargeable batteries due to their small ionic radius and wide availability. However, little attention has been paid to hydrogen‐ion storage devices because they generally deliver relatively low Coulombic efficiency as a result of the hydrogen evolution reaction that occurs in an aqueous electrolyte. Herein, we successfully demonstrate that hydrogen ions can be electrochemically stored in an inorganic molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) electrode with high Coulombic efficiency and stability. The as‐obtained electrode exhibits ultrafast hydrogen‐ion storage properties with a specific capacity of 88 mA hg−1 at an ultrahigh rate of 100 C. The redox reaction mechanism of the MoO3 electrode in the hydrogen‐ion cell was investigated in detail. The results reveal a conversion reaction of the MoO3 electrode into H0.88MoO3 during the first hydrogen‐ion insertion process and reversible intercalation/deintercalation of hydrogen ions between H0.88MoO3 and H0.12MoO3 during the following cycles. This study reveals new opportunities for the development of high‐power energy storage devices with lightweight elements.
NH4Be2BO3F2 and γ‐Be2BO3F: Overcoming the Layering Habit in KBe2BO3F2 for the Next‐Generation Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Materials
Authors: Peng Guang , Ye Ning , Lin Zheshuai , Kang Lei , Pan Shilie , Zhang Min , Lin Chensheng , Long Xifa , Luo Min , Chen Yu , Tang Yu‐Huan , Xu Feng , Yan Tao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractKBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) is still the only practically usable crystal that can generate deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) coherent light by direct second harmonic generation (SHG). However, applications are hindered by layering, leading to difficulty in the growth of thick crystals and compromised mechanical integrity. Despite efforts, it is still a great challenge to discover new nonlinear optical (NLO) materials that overcome the layering while keeping the DUV SHG available. Now, two new DUV NLO beryllium borates have been successfully designed and synthesized, NH4Be2BO3F2 (ABBF) and γ‐Be2BO3F (γ‐BBF), which not only overcome the layering but also can be used as next‐generation DUV NLO materials with the shortest type I phase‐matching second‐harmonic wavelength down to 173.9 nm and 146 nm, respectively. Significantly, γ‐BBF is superior to KBBF in all metrics and would be the most outstanding DUV NLO crystal.
Cofactor Biogenesis in Cysteamine Dioxygenase: C−F Bond Cleavage with Genetically Incorporated Unnatural Tyrosine
Authors: Wang Yifan , Griffith Wendell P. , Li Jiasong , Koto Teruaki , Wherritt Daniel J. , Fritz Elizabeth , Liu Aimin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCysteamine dioxygenase (ADO) is a thiol dioxygenase whose study has been stagnated by the ambiguity as to whether or not it possesses an anticipated protein‐derived cofactor. Reported herein is the discovery and elucidation of a Cys‐Tyr cofactor in human ADO, crosslinked between Cys220 and Tyr222 through a thioether (C−S) bond. By genetically incorporating an unnatural amino acid, 3,5‐difluoro‐tyrosine (F2‐Tyr), specifically into Tyr222 of human ADO, an autocatalytic oxidative carbon–fluorine bond activation and fluoride release were identified by mass spectrometry and 19F NMR spectroscopy. These results suggest that the cofactor biogenesis is executed by a powerful oxidant during an autocatalytic process. Unlike that of cysteine dioxygenase, the crosslinking results in a minimal structural change of the protein and it is not detectable by routine low‐resolution techniques. Finally, a new sequence motif, C‐X‐Y‐Y(F), is proposed for identifying the Cys‐Tyr crosslink.
Photoinduced Miyaura Borylation by a Rare‐Earth‐Metal Photoreductant: The Hexachlorocerate(III) Anion
Authors: Qiao Yusen , Yang Qiaomu , Schelter Eric J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe first photoinduced carbon(sp2)–heteroatom bond forming reaction by a rare‐earth‐metal photoreductant, a Miyaura borylation, has been achieved. This simple, scalable, and novel borylation method that makes use of the hexachlorocerate(III) anion ([CeIIICl6]3−, derived from CeCl3) has a broad substrate scope and functional‐group tolerance and can be conducted at room temperature. Combined with Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling, the method is applicable to the synthesis of various biaryl products, including through the use of aryl chloride substrates.
Functional Neuroimaging of Nociceptive and Pain‐Related Activity in the Spinal Cord and Brain: Insights From Neurovascular Coupling Studies
Authors: Paquette Thierry , Jeffrey‐Gauthier Renaud , Leblond Hugues , PichÉ Mathieu 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTSpinal cord and brain processes underlie pain perception, which produces systemic cardiovascular changes. In turn, the autonomic nervous system regulates vascular function in the spinal cord and brain in order to adapt to these systemic changes, while neuronal activity induces local vascular changes. Thus, autonomic regulation and pain processes in the brain and spinal cord are tightly linked and interrelated. The objective of this topical review is to discuss work on neurovascular coupling during nociceptive processing in order to highlight supporting evidence and limitations for the use of cerebral and spinal fMRI to investigate pain mechanisms and spinal nociceptive processes. Work on functional neuroimaging of pain is presented and discussed in relation to available neurovascular coupling studies and related issues. Perspectives on future work are also discussed with an emphasis on differences between the brain and the spinal cord and on different approaches that may be useful to improve current methods, data analyses and interpretation. In summary, this review highlights the lack of data on neurovascular coupling during nociceptive stimulation and indicates that hemodynamic and BOLD responses measured with fMRI may be biased by nonspecific vascular changes. Future neuroimaging studies on nociceptive and pain‐related processes would gain further understanding of neurovascular coupling in the brain and spinal cord and should take into account the effects of systemic vascular changes that may affect hemodynamic responses. Anat Rec, 301:1585–1595, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological and Cellular Characterization of the Fetal Canine (Canis lupus familiaris) Subventricular Zone, Rostral Migratory Stream, and Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Orechio Dailiany , Andrade Aguiar Bruna , Baroni Diniz Giovanne , Cioni Bittencourt Jackson , Haemmerle Carlos A. S. , Watanabe Ii‐Sei , Miglino Maria Angelica , Castelucci Patricia 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe existence of neurogenesis in the adult brain is a widely recognized phenomenon, occurring in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in several vertebrate species. Neural precursors originated in the SVZ migrate to the main olfactory bulb (MOB), originating the rostral migratory stream (RMS) in the process. To better understand the formation of the adult neurogenic niches in dogs, we investigated the cellular composition and morphological organization of these areas in 57 days‐old dog fetuses. Using multiple immunohistochemical markers, we demonstrated that the SVZ in the canine fetus is remarkably similar to the adult SVZ, with glial GFAP‐immunoreactive (‐ir) cells, DCX‐ir neuroblasts and SOX2‐ir neuronal progenitors tangentially organized along the dorsal lateral ventricle. The fetal RMS has all the features of its adult counterpart and closely resembles the RMS of other mammalian species. The late‐development canine MOB has most of the neurochemical features of the adult MOB, including an early‐developed TH‐ir population and maturing CALR‐ir interneurons, but CALB‐ir neurons in the granule cell layer will only appear in the post‐partum period. Taken together, our results suggest that the canine fetal development of adult neurogenic niches closely resembles those of primates, and dogs may be suitable models of human adult neurogenesis. Anat Rec, 301:1570–1584, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3DMRIModeling of Thin and Spatially Complex Soft Tissue Structures without Shrinkage: Lamprey Myosepta as an Example
Authors: Wood Bradley M. , Jia Guang , Carmichael Owen , Mcklveen Kevin , Homberger Dominique G. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT3D imaging techniques enable the nondestructive analysis and modeling of complex structures. Among these, MRI exhibits good soft tissue contrast, but is currently less commonly used for nonclinical research than X‐ray CT, even though the latter requires contrast‐staining that shrinks and distorts soft tissues. When the objective is the creation of a realistic and complete 3D model of soft tissue structures, MRI data are more demanding to acquire and visualize and require extensive post‐processing because they comprise noncubic voxels with dimensions that represent a trade‐off between tissue contrast and image resolution. Therefore, thin soft tissue structures with complex spatial configurations are not always visible in a single MRI dataset, so that standard segmentation techniques are not sufficient for their complete visualization. By using the example of the thin and spatially complex connective tissue myosepta in lampreys, we developed a workflow protocol for the selection of the appropriate parameters for the acquisition of MRI data and for the visualization and 3D modeling of soft tissue structures. This protocol includes a novel recursive segmentation technique for supplementing missing data in one dataset with data from another dataset to produce realistic and complete 3D models. Such 3D models are needed for the modeling of dynamic processes, such as the biomechanics of fish locomotion. However, our methodology is applicable to the visualization of any thin soft tissue structures with complex spatial configurations, such as fasciae, aponeuroses, and small blood vessels and nerves, for clinical research and the further exploration of tensegrity. Anat Rec, 301:1745–1763, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolomic comparison between wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis and artificial cultured Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Chen Lin , Liu Yuetao , Guo Qingfeng , Zheng Qingxia , Zhang Wancun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA systematic study on the metabolome differences between wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis and artificial cultured Cordyceps militaris was conducted using liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and orthogonal projection on latent structure‐discriminant analysis results showed that C. militaris grown on solid rice medium (R‐CM) and C. militaris grown on tussah pupa (T‐CM) evidently separated and individually separated from wild O. sinensis, indicating metabolome difference among wild O. sinensis, R‐CM and T‐CM. The metabolome differences between R‐CM and T‐CM indicated that C. militaris could accommodate to culture medium by differential metabolic regulation. Hierarchical clustering analysis was further performed to cluster the differential metabolites and samples based on their metabolic similarity. The higher content of amino acids (pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, phenylalanine and arginine), unsaturated fatty acid (linolenic acid and linoleic acid), peptides, mannitol, adenosine and succinoadenosine in O. sinensis make it as an excellent choice as a traditional Chinese medicine for invigoration or nutritional supplementation. Similar compositions with O. sinensis and easy cultivation make artificially cultured C. militaris a possible alternative to O. sinensis.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐92a promotes tumor growth and suppresses immune function through activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway by inhibiting PTEN in mice bearing U14 cervical cancer
Authors: Li Zeng‐Hui , Li Lei , Kang Lin‐Ping , Wang Yan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCervical cancer is known as the possible outcome of genital infection, while the molecular mechanisms of initiation, development, and metastasis of cervical cancer have not yet been fully elucidated. Our study aims to investigate the effects of microRNA‐92a (miR‐92a) on tumor growth and immune function by targeting PTEN via the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in tumor‐bearing mice. C57BL/6 female mice were used for tumor‐bearing mouse models and their tumor and adjacent normal tissues were collected, and normal cervical tissues were obtained from normal mice. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) were detected by ELISA. The cells were divided into the normal, blank, negative control (NC), miR‐92a mimic, miR‐92a inhibitor, siRNA‐PTEN, and miR‐92a inhibitor + siRNA‐PTEN groups. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was adopted to determine the relationship between PTEN and miR‐92a. Expressions of miR‐92a, PTEN, TNF‐α, sIL‐2R, ERK1, and ERK2 were tested by RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was detected by cell count kit‐8 (CCK‐8); cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Compared with the normal cervical tissues and adjacent normal tissues, the cervical cancer tissues exhibited increased expressions of miR‐92a, p‐ERK1/2, and serum levels of TNF‐α and sIL‐2R while decreased PTEN expression. PTEN was confirmed to be the target gene of miR‐92a. As compared with the blank and NC groups, expressions of miR‐92a, ERK1 and ERK2 increased, and expressions of PTEN decreased in the miR‐92a mimic group. The miR‐92a mimic group exhibited increased expression levels of TNF‐α and sIL‐2R, cell proliferation, and cell number in S phase but decreased cell apoptosis, and cell number in G0/G1 phase, while the miR‐92a inhibitor group followed opposite trends. miR‐92a promotes tumor growth and suppresses immune function by inhibiting PTEN via activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in mice bearing U14 cervical cancer.
Synthesis of β‐Ketoamide Curcumin Analogs for Anti‐Diabetic and AGEs Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Banuppriya Govindharasu , Sribalan Rajendran , Fathima Sulthan Alavudeen Rizwan , Padmini Vediappen 
Published: May 2018

Two different series of novel β‐ketoamide curcumin analogs enriched in biological activities have been synthesized. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro anti‐diabetic and AGEs inhibitory activities and exhibited potent to good anti‐diabetic and AGEs inhibitory activities. The molecular docking study was also performed with the α‐amylase enzyme.
H2O2 induces PP2A demethylation to downregulate mTORC1 signaling in HEK293 cells
Authors: Tang Shen , Qin Fu , Wang Xinhang , Liang Ziwei , Cai Haiqing , Mo Laiming , Huang Yue , Liang Boyin , Wei Xuejing , Ao Qingqing , Xu Yilu , Liu Yuyang , Xiao Deqiang , Guo Songchao , Lu Cailing , Li Xiyi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that functions as an ATP and amino acid sensor to govern cell growth and proliferation by mediating mitogen‐ and nutrient‐dependent signal transduction. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase, negatively regulates mTOR signaling. Methylation of PP2A is catalyzed by leucine carboxyl methyltransferase‐1 (LCMT1) and reversed by protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 (PME‐1), which regulates PP2A activity and substrate specificity. However, whether PP2A methylation is related to mTOR signaling is still unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of PP2A methylation on mTOR signaling in HEK293 cells under oxidative stress. Our results show that oxidative stress induces PP2A demethylation and inhibits the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Next, we examined two strategies to block PP2A demethylation under oxidative stress. One strategy was to prevent PP2A demethylation using a PME‐1 inhibitor; the other strategy was to activate PP2A methylation via overexpression of LCMT1. The results show that both the PME‐1 inhibitor and LCMT1 overexpression prevent the mTORC1 signaling suppression induced by oxidative stress. Additionally, LCMT1 overexpression rescued cell viability and the mitochondrial membrane potential decrease in response to oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that H2O2 induces PP2A demethylation to downregulate mTORC1 signaling. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the regulation of PP2A demethylation and mTORC1 signaling under oxidative stress.
Severe allograft rejection in an intestinal transplant patient following oral immunoglobulin treatment for chronic norovirus infection: a case report
Authors: Åberg Fredrik , Savikko Johanna , Anttila Veli‐Jukka , Mäkisalo Heikki 
Published: May 2018

Key Clinical MessageIn an intestinal transplant patient under triple immunosuppression therapy with tacrolimus levels >10 ng/L, a 2‐day oral immunoglobulin therapy given as treatment for chronic norovirus infection was temporally closely associated with the development of severe steroid‐resistant acute graft rejection, thus suggesting that oral immunoglobulin might be able to promote a rejection response.
Surfactant‐Assisted Fabrication of Cubic Cobalt Oxide Hybrid Hollow Spheres as Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhong Haihong , Wang Jing , Wang Tiehong , Zhang Shuwei , Li Dianqing , Tang Pinggui , Alonso‐Vante Nicolas , Feng Yongjun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, we designed and synthesized a series of carbon‐supported cubic cobalt oxide (CoOx/C−T) hollow spheres annealed at different temperatures (T) by a simple and low‐cost “surfactant‐templated” route at room temperature. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of high‐temperature pyrolysis on electrocatalytic performance of the prepared cubic oxides towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium. Among the three investigated samples (heat treated at 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C), CoOx/C‐600 nanoparticles, with the largest surface area (198 m2/g), showed a promising ORR performance with E1/2=0.78 V (vs. RHE) and Eonset=0.88 V (vs. RHE), akin with the commercial Pt/C catalyst. In comparison, the CoOx/C‐600 electrocatalyst also exhibits higher ORR selectivity and longer durability under the investigated conditions.
La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1S5O7 Modified with a Molecular Ni Catalyst for Photoelectrochemical H2 Generation
Authors: Rosser Timothy E. , Hisatomi Takashi , Sun Song , Antón‐García Daniel , Minegishi Tsutomu , Reisner Erwin , Domen Kazunari 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe stable and efficient integration of molecular catalysts into p‐type semiconductor materials is a contemporary challenge in photoelectrochemical fuel synthesis. Here, we report the combination of a phosphonated molecular Ni catalyst with a TiO2‐coated La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1S5O7 photocathode for visible light driven H2 production. This hybrid assembly provides a positive onset potential, large photocurrents, and high Faradaic yield for more than three hours. A decisive feature of the hybrid electrode is the TiO2 interlayer, which stabilizes the oxysulfide semiconductor and allows for robust attachment of the phosphonated molecular catalyst. This demonstration of an oxysulfide‐molecular catalyst photocathode provides a novel platform for integrating molecular catalysts into photocathodes and the large photovoltage of the presented system makes it ideal for pairing with photoanodes.