bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MCM7 silencing promotes cutaneous melanoma cell autophagy and apoptosis by inactivating the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Yemei , Ma Shengfang , Ye Zi , Zhou Xianyi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCutaneous melanoma (CM) has become a major public health concern. Studies illustrate that minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) participate in various diseases including skin disease. Our study aimed to study the effects of MCM7 silencing on CM cell autophagy and apoptosis by modulating the AKT threonine kinase 1 (AKT1)/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling pathway. Initially, microarray analysis was used to screen the CM‐related gene expression data as well as differentially expressed genes. Subsequently, MCM7 expression vector and lentivirus RNA used for MCM7 silencing (LV‐shRNA‐MCM7) were constructed, and these vectors, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and AKT activator SC79 were then introduced into CM cell line SK‐MEL‐2 to validate the role of MCM7 in cell autophagy, viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, migration, and invasion. To further investigate the regulatory mechanisms of MCM7 in CM progress, the expression of MCM7, AKT1, mTOR, cyclin D1, as well as autophagy and apoptosis relative factors, such as LC3B, SOD2, DJ‐1, p62, Bcl‐2, Bax, and caspase‐3 in melanoma cells was determined. MCM7 might mediate the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway to influence the progress of melanoma. MCM7 silencing contributed to the increased expression of Bax, capase‐3, and autophagy‐related genes (LC3B, SOD2, and DJ‐1), but decreased the expression of Bcl‐2, which suggested that MCM7 silencing promoted autophagy and cell apoptosis. At the same time, MCM7 silencing also attenuated cell viability, invasion, and migration, and reduced the cyclin D1 expression and protein levels of p‐AKT1 and p‐mTOR. Taken together, MCM7 silencing inhibited CM via inactivation of the AKT1/mTOR signaling pathway.
Identification of distinctive long noncoding RNA competitive interactions and a six‐methylated‐gene prognostic signature in acute myeloid leukemia with −5/del(5q) or −7/del(7q)
Authors: YIN Xuejiao , Huang Sui , Xu Aoshuang , Fan Fengjuan , Chen Lei , Sun Chunyan , Hu Yu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) with −5/del(5q) or −7/del(7q) has special clinical and biological characteristics, but its molecular mechanisms and risk stratification remain unknown.MethodsThe RNA sequencing and DNA methylation of 23 patients with −5/del(5q) or −7/del(7q) and 128 patients with other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The regulatory mechanisms of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and DNA methylation on gene expression were explored. To find robust and specific risk stratification for this AML subtype, a prognostic model was established and evaluated through four independent data sets.ResultsWe identified 966 differentially expressed long noncoding RNA, 2274 differentially expressed genes, and 47 differentially expressed microRNAs, and constructed a ceRNA network. After the integrated analysis of differentially methylated and expressed genes, 19 genes showed the opposite trend between the methylation variation and gene expression. An six‐methylated‐gene prognostic signature which highly correlated with overall survival was established, and the performance was validated by leave‐one‐out cross validation method and permutation test. Furthermore, the excellent prognostic value of this model was supported by an independent cohort, while specificity of this model was validated by three independent data sets, suggesting it as a predictive classifier with high efficiency for distinguishing those with −5/del(5q) or −7/del(7q) from other AML subtypes.ConclusionsThe ceRNA network may provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment for patients with −5/del(5q) or −7/del(7q).The six‐methylated‐gene prognostic signature was a robust, specific, and clinically practical risk stratification for the outcome of patients with AML having −5/del(5q) or −7/del(7q).
Tropisetron attenuates tumor growth and progression in an experimental model of mouse lung cancer
Authors: Rashidi Mohsen , Bazi Ali , Shiran Mohammad R. , Bagheri Abouzar , Mehrabadi Abbas R. , Kalantar Hadi , Ghafouri Zahra , Hosseini Sayed M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe antineoplastic effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) receptor antagonists have been shown in previous studies. However, the exact underlying mechanisms mediating these antineoplastic effects are unclear. In the present study, we assessed the antineoplastic effects of tropisetron, a 5‐HT receptor antagonist, in an experimental model of lung cancer in BALB/c mouse. Lewis lung carcinoma cell line was used to induce lung cancer. Mice were divided into four groups (n = 6) as follows: tumor‐bearing mice + tropisetron (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally [IP]), tumor‐bearing mice + tropisetron (10 mg/kg IP), tumor‐bearing mice + saline, healthy mice + tropisetron (10 mg/kg). Tumor burden, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin (IL)‐4, pathological response, Ki‐67, and E‐cadherin were assessed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Comet assay was used to assess DNA toxicity. Tropisetrone‐treated animals (either 5 or 10 mg/kg) showed significantly lower tumor sizes at the day 24th after tumor induction. Tropisetron received animals also showed significantly higher levels of IFN‐γ, E‐cadherin, pathologic response, and necrotic cells compared to the saline‐treated counterparts. In addition, the levels of IL‐4, and Ki‐67 were significantly lower in tropisetrone treated mice in comparison with control. Furthermore, tropisteron coadministration signifcantly reduced H2O2‐induced DNA toxicity while treatment with tropisteron alone showed no adverse effect on DNA. Tropisetrone can be used as a potential antineoplastic drug in lung cancer. This agent can promote its antineoplastic effects in part through modulating inflammatory and proliferating markers.
Electronic cigarette use and psychological distress in the Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adults compared with other racial/ethnic groups: Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2014
Authors: Narcisse Marie‐R. , Dobbs Page , Long Christopher R. , Purvis Rachel S. , Kimminau Kim S. , McElfish Pearl A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDocument the prevalence of electronic cigarette (E‐cigarette) use among the native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHPI) adults compared with other racial/ethnic groups, and examine associations between psychological distress and E‐cigarette use. 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and 2014 NHPI–NHIS were combined for comparisons. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Rao‐Scott χ2 test, and multivariable logistic regression. E‐cigarette use among NHPI (5.6%) was significantly higher than among Blacks (2.1%), Hispanics (2.2%), and Asians (1.7%; p < .001). NHPI with Kessler 6 (K6) score of 11–24 had greater odds of using E‐cigarettes (odds ratio [OR]: 3.90; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.81–8.42) as compared to those with a K6 score of 0. Associations between having a K6 score of 11–24 and using E‐cigarettes were also found for Whites (OR: 3.49; CI: 2.44–4.99), Asians (OR: 5.29; CI: 1.29–21.70), and Hispanics (OR: 6.14; CI: 2.72–13.83). E‐cigarette use was higher among NHPI relative to other racial/ethnic groups. NHPI with K6 score of 11–24 had greater odds of using E‐cigarettes as compared to those with a K6 score of 0. Policies and strategies to reduce E‐cigarette use among NHPI should give careful consideration to the associations between E‐cigarette use and psychological distress in the NHPI population.
Serum tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) as potential candidates for diagnosis of nontriple negative breast cancer
Authors: Huang Yue , Ge Han , Zheng Mingjie , Cui Yangyang , Fu Ziyi , Wu Xiaowei , Xia Yiqin , Chen Lie , Wang Zhenghui , Wang Shui , Xie Hui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBreast cancer has become the most common cancer in women, and nontriple negative breast cancer (non‐TNBC) accounts for 80–90% of all invasive breast cancers. Early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are considered key to a successful cure. Conventionally, breast imaging and needle core biopsy are used for detection and monitoring. However, small variations in volume might be ignored in imaging, and traditional biopsies are spatially and temporally limited, leading to a significant delay in cancer detection and thus prompting renewed focus on early and accurate diagnosis. In this article, we investigated whether there is an accurate molecule in peripheral blood that can help diagnose breast cancer. Similar to microRNAs, tRNA‐derived fragments (tRFs) have been reported to be involved in many pathological processes in breast cancer, but whether they can serve as candidate biomarkers for breast cancer remains unclear. Using high‐throughput sequencing technology, we identified 4,021 differentially expressed tRFs in normal and breast cancer cell lines, and eight tRFs were selected to establish a signature as a predictive biomarker of non‐TNBC. Furthermore, quantitative reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify the expression of the signature and analyze the correlation between dysregulated tRFs and breast cancer. The results indicated that tDR‐7816, tDR‐5334, and tDR‐4733 might be promising biomarkers. Through further bioinformatics analysis, we predicted that tDR‐7816 influences the xenobiotic metabolic processes that support the oncogenesis of breast cancer. In summary, our results provide a rationale for using circulating tDR‐7816 expression as a novel potential biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with early non‐TNBC.
Antiosteoclastic bone resorption activity of osteoprotegerin via enhanced AKT/mTOR/ULK1‐mediated autophagic pathway
Authors: Zhao Hongyan , Sun Ziqiang , Ma Yonggang , Song Ruilong , Yuan Yan , Bian Jianchun , Gu Jianhong , Liu Zongping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAutophagy plays a critical role in the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is an inhibitor of osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption. However, whether autophagy is involved in the antiosteoclastogenic effects of OPG remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of autophagy during OPG‐induced bone resorption via inhibition of osteoclasts differentiated from bone marrow‐derived macrophages in BALB/c mice. The results showed that after treatment with receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κΒ ligand and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor for 3 days, TRAP+ osteoclasts formed, representing the resting state of autophagy. These osteoclasts were treated with OPG and underwent autophagy, as demonstrated by LC3‐II accumulation, acidic vesicular organelle formation, and the presence of autophagosomes. The levels of autophagy‐related proteins, LC3‐II increased and P62 decreased at 3 hr in OPG‐treated osteoclasts. The viability, differentiation, and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts declined after OPG treatment. Treatment with OPG and chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, attenuated OPG‐induced inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption, whereas rapamycin (RAP), an autophagy inducer, enhanced OPG‐induced inhibition of differentiation, survival, and bone resorption activity of osteoclasts. Furthermore, OPG reduced the amount of phosphorylated(p) protein kinase B (AKT) and pmTOR and increased the level of pULK, in a dose‐dependant manner. LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway inhibitor, attenuated the decline in pAKT, but enhanced the decline in pmTOR and the increase in pULK1 following OPG treatment. RAP enhanced the OPG‐induced increase in pULK1. The PI3K inhibitor 3‐methyladenine partly blocked OPG‐induced autophagy. Thus, the results revealed that OPG inhibits osteoclast bone resorption by inducing autophagy via the AKT/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway.
On density of subgraphs of Cartesian products
Authors: Chepoi Victor , Labourel Arnaud , Ratel Sébastien 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we extend two classical results about the density of subgraphs of hypercubes to subgraphs of Cartesian products of arbitrary connected graphs. Namely, we show that , where is the maximum ratio taken over all subgraphs of . We introduce the notions of VC‐dimension and VC‐density of a subgraph of a Cartesian product , generalizing the classical Vapnik‐Chervonenkis dimension of set‐families (viewed as subgraphs of hypercubes). We prove that if belong to the class of all finite connected graphs not containing a given graph as a minor, then for any subgraph of the sharper inequality holds, where is the supremum of the densities of the graphs from . We refine and sharpen these two results to several specific graph classes. We also derive upper bounds (some of them polylogarithmic) for the size of adjacency labeling schemes of subgraphs of Cartesian products.
Intrathoracic side‐to‐side esophagogastrostomy with a linear stapler and barbed suture in robot‐assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy
Authors: Wang Fuqiang , Zhang Hanlu , Zheng Yu , Wang Zihao , Geng Yingcai , Wang Yun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe side‐to‐side anastomosis was considered a promising approach to create an intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy in the minimally invasive esophagectomy, with advantages over the side‐to‐end anastomosis with aspects of no need for additional mini‐thoracotomy and lower occurrence of stenosis. The hand‐sewing anterior aspect of the anastomosis is technically challenging in the thoracoscopic Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Here we introduced our initial experience to facilitate this approach by using the surgical robot and barbed suture.MethodsA retrospective study of all patients underwent robot‐assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy with side‐to‐side esophagogastrostomy from February 2016 to September 2018 was performed. The technical details are described in this paper.ResultsA total of 37 patients (35 male and 2 female, median age of 62.7 years) were successfully treated with completely robot‐assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. The median total surgical time was 340 minutes including 65 minutes to perform the anastomosis. Median estimated blood loss was 120 mL and the length of hospital stay was 10 days. There was no 90‐day mortality. Three patients suffered anastomotic leakage (8.1%,3/37), who were successfully treated without reoperation.ConclusionOur initial results imply that it is technically feasible to perform intrathoracic gastroesophageal anastomosis by taking advantage of a robotic system and knotless suturing.
Knee menisci segmentation and relaxometry of 3D ultrashort echo time cones MR imaging using attention U‐Net with transfer learning
Authors: Byra Michal , Wu Mei , Zhang Xiaodong , Jang Hyungseok , Ma Ya‐Jun , Chang Eric Y. , Shah Sameer , Du Jiang 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo develop a deep learning‐based method for knee menisci segmentation in 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) cones MR imaging, and to automatically determine MR relaxation times, namely the T1, T1ρ, and parameters, which can be used to assess knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsWhole knee joint imaging was performed using 3D UTE cones sequences to collect data from 61 human subjects. Regions of interest (ROIs) were outlined by 2 experienced radiologists based on subtracted T1ρ‐weighted MR images. Transfer learning was applied to develop 2D attention U‐Net convolutional neural networks for the menisci segmentation based on each radiologist's ROIs separately. Dice scores were calculated to assess segmentation performance. Next, the T1, T1ρ, relaxations, and ROI areas were determined for the manual and automatic segmentations, then compared.ResultsThe models developed using ROIs provided by 2 radiologists achieved high Dice scores of 0.860 and 0.833, while the radiologists’ manual segmentations achieved a Dice score of 0.820. Linear correlation coefficients for the T1, T1ρ, and relaxations calculated using the automatic and manual segmentations ranged between 0.90 and 0.97, and there were no associated differences between the estimated average meniscal relaxation parameters. The deep learning models achieved segmentation performance equivalent to the inter‐observer variability of 2 radiologists.ConclusionThe proposed deep learning‐based approach can be used to efficiently generate automatic segmentations and determine meniscal relaxations times. The method has the potential to help radiologists with the assessment of meniscal diseases, such as OA.
Management of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Children
Authors: Sankararaman Senthilkumar , Schindler Teresa , Sferra Thomas J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) can be difficult, as symptoms may be nonspecific. A delayed diagnosis of EPI can negatively impact health through poor weight gain, impaired growth, and malabsorption of nutrients. Because of active growth and development, children are more vulnerable to the consequences of untreated EPI. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is the cornerstone of management and offers both symptomatic relief and improvement in clinical outcomes. Additionally, a high‐energy diet with unrestricted fat and supplementation with fat‐soluble vitamins is often required to optimize growth and prevent nutrition deficiencies. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common condition in children that causes EPI, and improvement in nutrition management is associated with improved pulmonary function and increased survival. Currently, the management of other conditions leading to EPI in children is not well studied, and inferences from the CF literature are often necessary in caring for these patients.
Return for prenatal care and childbirth services among Nigerian women using primary health care facilities
Authors: Aluko Joel Ojo , Modeste Regis Rugira Marie , Adejumo Oluyinka , Anthea Rhoda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThe study assessed the return for prenatal care and childbirth services among Nigerian women using primary health care facilities.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional approach was employed for the study.MethodsA total of 730 participants randomly recruited systematically from 21 purposively selected primary health care facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria were studied. A questionnaire and a checklist were used for data collection. The collection of data spanned three months (April to June, 2014). The data were analysed descriptively and inferentially while the results were presented in frequency tables.ResultsThe women's mean age was 28 ± 5.3 years. Out of the 730 women studied, 92.6% received prenatal care. The mean difference between the number of prenatal care registration and the number of childbirths was 76.5. Poor environmental hygiene of facilities, statistically significant cost of services and non‐availability of 24‐hr service were implicated for dissatisfaction with care received by the women and consequent poor return rate for childbirth.
Potential Screening at Electrode/Ionic Liquid Interfaces from In Situ X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Greco Francesco , Shin Sunghwan , Williams Federico J. , Heller Bettina S. J. , Maier Florian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new approach to investigate potential screening at the interface of ionic liquids (ILs) and charged electrodes in a two‐electrode electrochemical cell by in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been introduced. Using identical electrodes, we deduce the potential screening at the working and the counter electrodes as a function of applied voltage from the potential change of the bulk IL, as derived from corresponding core level binding energy shifts for different IL/electrode combinations. For imidazolium‐based ILs and Pt electrodes, we find a significantly larger potential screening at the anode than at the cathode, which we attribute to strong attractive interactions between the imidazolium cation and Pt. In the absence of specific ion/electrode interactions, asymmetric potential screening only occurs for ILs with different cation and anion sizes as demonstrated for an imidazolium chloride IL and Au electrodes, which we assign to the different thicknesses of the electrical double layers. Our results imply that potential screening in ILs is mainly established by a single layer of counterions at the electrode.
The relationship between ventricular volume and whole‐brain irradiation dose in central nervous system germ cell tumors
Authors: Toll Stephanie A. , Jones Marjorie T. , Yoshida Emi J. , Dhall Girish , Olch Arthur J. , Wong Kenneth K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced irradiation techniques, including intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), aim to limit irradiation to adjoining tissues by conforming beams to a well‐defined volume. In intracranial germinomas, whole‐ventricular IMRT decreases the volume of irradiation to surrounding parenchyma. This study examined the relationship between ventricular volume and radiation dose to surrounding tissue.ProcedureWe retrospectively reviewed age, sex, ventricular and brain volume, ventricular dose, and volume of brain that received 12 Gy (V12) for patients diagnosed with germ cell tumors at our institution treated with whole‐ventricular IMRT between 2002 and 2016. Variables were assessed for correlation and statistical significance.ResultsForty‐seven patients were analyzed. The median whole‐ventricular irradiation dose was 24 Gy with a median boost dose of 30 Gy. The median ventricular volume was 234.3 cm3, and median brain volume was 1408 cm3. There was no significant difference between mean ventricular volume of suprasellar versus pineal tumors (P = .95). The median V12 of the brain, including the ventricles, was 58.9%. The strongest correlation was between ventricular volume and V12, with an r2 (coefficient of determination) of .47 (P < .001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that total boost dose and boost planning target volume significantly predicted V12 (P < .001).ConclusionsAlthough whole‐ventricular IMRT limited irradiation to surrounding tissue in our cohort, a significant percentage of the brain received at least 12 Gy. This study suggests that there is a positive correlation between ventricular volume and the volume of brain parenchyma receiving at least 12 Gy with an important contribution from the boost phase of treatment.