bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapitre VIII. Formen der Intervention einflussreicher Frauen
Authors: Kunst Christiane 
Published: September 2019

Ce chapitre analyse des cas d’interventions politiques de femmes, sous la République. Trois situations sont examinées : les interventions en faveur d’épouses d’hommes influents ; les interventions en faveur d’hommes de la famille ; les interventions en public.Il apparaît que les femmes agissaient surtout dans un contexte familial et matrimonial. Cela ne veut pas dire qu’elles n’intervenaient pas dans leur propre intérêt, mais seulement que cela n’était pas considéré comme admissible et relevait plutôt de la transgression, selon la tradition littéraire antique. De multiples témoignages concernent les interventions féminines en contexte de crise, car il était considéré comme légitime que les femmes représentent les intérêts des hommes quand ceux-ci étaient dans l’impossibilité de le faire ; en outre, l’intervention collective des femmes pour la cité, en temps de crise, appartient auxexempla transmis par les sources littéraires car la femme « agissante » constituait un élément du répertoire narratif de représentation des crises : on y recourait soit pour identifier une crise, soit pour montrer la médiocrité des hommes impliqués.L’espace public romain n’était ouvert à une intervention féminine qu’en des temps de détresse familiale et étatique. Dans ses lettres, Cicéron montre que dans la phase finale de la République les femmes ont participé intensivement au jeu politique – mais à l’arrière-plan – et qu’elles sont même entrées en discussion avec des hommes. Les interventions féminines s’appuyaient sur des réseaux féminins et familiaux, et faisaient donc partie de ce qu’on peut appeler le « matronage » des femmes, qui avait pour but d’augmenter et de consolider le prestige personnel (auctoritas).La forme la plus populaire de l’intervention féminine était celle de lasupplicatio. Cependant, le chapitre rappelle que des Romains de haut rang ont également recouru à la supplicatio en diverses circonstances du jeu politique. Il est donc nécessaire de recontextualiser la supplication féminine.
Chapitre IX. Die Schwester potentiell einflussreicher Männer: Einige Exempla aus dem römischen Reich in der Kaiserzeit
Authors: Burckhardt Leonhard 
Published: September 2019

La thèse de Ann-Cathrin Harders selon laquelle les mariages effectifs ou potentiels des sœurs constituaient la clé des relations entre frères et sœurs à Rome est confirmée par cette étude portant sur des témoignages d’époque impériale. Grâce à des mariages soigneusement calculés, les sœurs pouvaient accomplir des missions dans lesquelles d’autres membres de la famille auraient échoué ou n’auraient pas été adéquats. Elles remplissaient des rôles subsidiaires dans les devoirs funèbres, les représentations officielles, la perpétuation de la famille ou l’éducation des enfants. Octavia minor, la sœur d’Auguste, en offre l’exemple le plus frappant pour les familles de l’élite. De leur côté, les textes épigraphiques attestent la validité de cette thèse au sein des autres couches de la population.Si le comportement d’un frère et d’une sœur ne correspondait pas au code moral imposé par la société ou éveillait simplement un soupçon en la matière, on risquait de se voir accusé d’inceste. Ce reproche fut certainement renforcé par la tendance de l’historiographie romaine à politiser le privé et à accentuer ce qui touchait au domaine de la sexualité. Les sources littéraires ont fait montre à ce sujet d’un intérêt tout particulier pour Caligula et ses sœurs. Pour le reste, l’historiographie examine sous un angle d’approche analogue les femmes en général et les tandems frère-sœur – spécialement lorsqu’une femme était mise en évidence en tant que sœur : les femmes (et les sœurs) étaient jugées compétentes pour la sauvegarde de la moralité et des normes, le maintien de la famille et de sa descendance. De ce fait, on pouvait mettre en lumière de façon exemplaire à travers elles la décadence à laquelle conduisait la rupture avec les valeurs stabilisatrices de la société.Le cas de la reine de Judée Bérénice pourrait, en revanche, conduire à des considérations légèrement différentes, mais il convient d’étayer ce constat par une analyse plus approfondie.
La double écriture
Authors: Tonda Joseph 
Published: September 2019

Les prophètes sont des producteurs de récits que les sciences humaines se préoccupent de convertir en récits scientifiques, exprimant ainsi leur inextinguible dette à l’endroit de ces créateurs de réalités. Et c’est parce que cette dette est inextinguible, que le sociologue et l’anthropologue, hantés par le syndrome du prophète, éprouvent au fond d’eux-mêmes une douloureuse insatisfaction de leur travail de conversion de la réalité créée par le geste prophétique en objet de connaissance scientifique. Il y a en effet ce reste inépuisable du discours de l’Autre créateur de réalité que l’on ne saurait dompter qu’en se lançant soi-même dans cette aventure de la double création, qui peut prendre la forme de la fiction littéraire, ou celle du film documentaire ethnographique que l'on produit soi-même ou que la production du scientifique inspire, redoublant ainsi la force de ses manuscrits. Entreprise très risquée, disent les spécialistes. Et pourtant, entreprise d’une longue histoire, que Jean Rouch, par exemple, a marqué de son empreinte. Peut-être que finalement, l’ethnologue, le sociologue, l’anthropologue, l’écrivain et le prophète sont-ils tous, par leur travail en double, des Maîtres fous ?
Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos IgM para zika y chikungunya en la vigilancia de dengue
Authors: Hernández Ávila Carlos Enrique , Sandoval Ernesto Pleites 
Published: September 2019

Introducción. Durante el segundo semestre del año 2016 se observó una negatividad del 95% en las pruebas de IgM dengue recibidas en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de El Salvador.Objetivos. Identificar anticuerpos IgM para chikungunya y zika en las muestras de la vigilancia de dengue. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo a partir de 438 muestras procedentes de la vigilancia de dengue del 2016, almacenadas en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia, cuyo estado serológico de dengue era conocido; se aplicó la técnica de ELISA de captura IgM para virus zika y chikungunya. Resultados. Se identificaron anticuerpos para el virus chikungunya en 95 muestras (22%) y anticuerpos para el virus zika en 25 muestras (6%). Además, 11 muestras (2.6%) fueron positivas para anticuerpos contra el virus ckikungunya y zika. Un caso presento anticuerpos para las tres arbovirosis. Conclusión. En las muestras de la vigilancia del dengue se identificaron anticuerpos para chikungunya y zika. Se encontró la presencia simultánea de chikungunya y zika. La forma de vigilancia actual del dengue encubre otras arbovirosis, las arbovirosis deben vigilarse en conjunto y no como entidades independientes.
Assessment of Chainsaw Milling Enterprise in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Sambe L. N. 
Published: September 2019

The paucity of information on chainsaw milling enterprise has contributed to poor planning and development of timber resources in Nigeria. This study has accessed the marketing efficiency and structure with a view of evaluating its potential contribution to the livelihoods and economic development of Benue State. Multistage sampling technique and purposeful sampling technique were applied to determine the study sample which was drawn from the three geopolitical zones in the State; Zone A, Zone B and Zone C. Applying a sampling intensity of 30%, seven (7) Local Government Areas (LGAs) were sampled from the 23 LGAs of the State for the study. Based on this arrangement 79 chainsaw millers were selected and interviewed on the trading activities. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequency distribution. Also gross margin analysis, marketing margin, marketing efficiency, Analysis of variance, T-test Statistics, Index of market concentration (IMC), Rate of return on investment (RORI) and Gross Ratio (GR) were used in the determining the profitability and the efficiency of chainsaw millers trading efficiency in the study area. The study revealed that the trade is male dominated having 100% of the respondents as males. Similarly, the indigenous groups dominated the chainsaw milling and with the Tiv having the majority of (65.8%), this was followed by the Idoma (13.7%), Igede, (12.5%) and Igbo (5.5%), Igala and Sura 1.4% each. The study identified 18 timber species that were marketed in the study area and that 2,411, 37,733, and 69,492 volumes were marketed in zones A, B and C respectively. The result of the gross margin and market efficiency showed that that the chainsaw milling activities are profitable and efficient. It revealed the mean monthly gross margin (GM) of 39,688.00, 128,730, and 84,000 with corresponding RORI of 84.19, 43.93, and 1.80 for the chainsaw millers. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of GMs were significant with 0.013. The Total Revenue and Total Variable Cost (TVC) equally showed significance with 0.045, 0.000, 0.000. The IMC, Gini coefficient of 0.1891, 0.3218 and 0.1829, indicated that the concentration was low with income inequality but with a competitive market.
Application of Veterinary Cytogenetics in Domestic Animals: A Review
Authors: Yahaya Muhammad Sanusi , Salisi Mohd Shahrom , Isa Nur Mahiza Md. , Haron Abd Wahid , Peter Innocent Damudu 
Published: September 2019

Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes; their structure and properties, chromosome behavior during cell division, their influence on traits and factors which cause changes in chromosomes. Veterinary cytogenetics is the application of cytogenetics to clinical problems that occur in animal production. It has been applied to understand problems such as infertility and its types, embryonic and fetal death, abnormality in sexual and somatic development and hybrid sterility and also prenatal sex determination and other forms of chromosomal abnormalities. These are achieved through conventional and banded karyotyping techniques and molecular cytogenetic techniques. Although conventional techniques are still useful and very widely applied, the nature of cytogenetics has gradually changed as a result of advances achieved in the molecular cytogenetic techniques for example fluorescent in situ hybridization and array-based techniques. These changes are evident in both molecular diagnostics and basic research. The combination of conventional and molecular cytogenetics has given rise to high resolution techniques which have enabled the study of fundamental questions regarding biological processes. It enables the study of inherited syndromes, the mechanisms of tumorigenesis at molecular level, genome organization and the determination of chromosome homologies between species. It allows the ease with which animals are selected in breeding programs and other important aspects of animal production. In this paper we discussed a number of techniques employed in cytogenetics and their methodologies, and recommend where future focus should be for the benefits of animal production.
Relationship of the Self-perception of Lifestyle with Level of Physical Activity in People with and without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Perez-Avelino Briseida Mayel , Padilla-Raygoza Nicolás , Benitez-Guerrero Verónica , Padilla María Luisa Sánchez , Beltrán-Campos Vicente , García-Campos María de Lourdes 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To determine the relationship of the perception of lifestyle with the level of physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes and without type 2 diabetes.
Study Design: Analytical cross-sectional observational study in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Methodology: Sample composed of 100 people with type 2 diabetes and 100 people without type 2 diabetes, the lifestyle questionnaire and IPAQ questionnaire were used. Descriptive statistics were calculated for sociodemographic variables; it was calculated Chi-square test and Odds Ratio. To demonstrate the statistical significance of results, the value of P was set at .05. Statistical analysis was performed in STATA 13.0 ®.
Results: In patients with Type 2 Diabetes predominated females, married, who never went school and elementary and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; among patients without Type 2 Diabetes, predominant males, singles, went school or university, BMI ≥25 kg/m2; no relationship was found between lifestyle perception and level of physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes (X² = 0.0022 gl 1 P = .96) neither it was found a significant relationship between lifestyle perception and level of physical activity in adults without type 2 diabetes (X² = 5.23 gl 1 P = .02 RM = 2.85 95% CI = 0.80 to 10.4).
Conclusion: The results show that self-perception of lifestyle and physical activity is different in people with less age, more schooling, males.
Annual Effective Dose and Lifetime Cancer Risks Due to Natural Radioactivity in Hand –Dug Well Water of Tai Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ononugbo C. P. , Ndodo N. N. 
Published: September 2019

The presence of radionuclide in water poses a number of health hazards, especially when the radionuclide is deposited in the human body through drinking water. The aim of this study was to evaluate natural radioactivity and its associated health risk in hand dug well water of Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria by means of gamma spectroscopy techniques and radiation models. The well water was collected from five selected coastal communities of Tai and chemically treated by adding nitric acid and then pre-concentrated further by evaporating to certain levels and kept in marineli beaker properly sealed for 28 days, after which was counted with NaI(Ti) detector. The mean values of specific activity concentration of 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra(232Th) were 25.90, 19.21 and 18.50 Bql-1 respectively. The annual effective doses for different age categories were estimated taking into consideration the ingested dose conversion factors as well as their yearly average water consumption. The average annual effective dose estimated for infants, children, teenagers and adult population were 0.115, 0.027, 0.071 and 0.013 Svy-1 respectively. The annual effective dose due to ingestion of the sampled water were above the recommended values by WHO, IAEA and UNSCEAR for the age brackets. The paper presents the overview of the techniques used and the summary of the findings. The result of this study gives the radiological baseline data for effective monitoring of the study area.
Microbiological Compliance Assessment of Imported Frozen Fishes and Local Fresh Chilled Fishes Marketed in Northern Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Latifou A. Belco , Toko I. Imorou , Tougan P. U. , Djibril L. , Gouda A. I. , Attakpa E. Y. , Chikou A. 
Published: September 2019

Since the food safety and the foodborne diseases are becoming a main health concern in developing countries, the aim of this study is to determine, in accordance with the specific international standards, the compliance of the main frozen imported fish and fresh chilled fishes marketed and consumed in Northern Benin. From December 18 to March 5, 2019, the microbiological quality of the two main imported frozen fish (Scomber scombrus and Trachurus trachurus) and the two main freshwater fish locally produced (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) and marketed in Benin were analysed in accordance with ISO standards specific to each germ counted as Colony-Forming Units (CFU). The Mesophilic aerobic flora and fecal coliforms loads in fresh chilled fishes (256,577 and 349.6 CFU, respectively) are significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the frozen fish (143,620 and 157.0 CFU, respectively) marketed in the northern Benin. T. trachurus seems more contaminated (p<0.01) by these germs than S. scombrus, and O. niloticus showed significantly higher loads (p<0.01) of these bacteria than the C. gariepinus. No salmonella colony was observed in all the samples, and in the fresh and frozen fish, Staphylococcus aureus (11.27 and 10.77 CFU, respectively) and Sulfite-Reducing Anaerobes (0.38 and 0.38 CFU, respectively) loads showed no significant differences (p>0,05) both between origin and between species. However, the microbiological quality of all fish both imported frozen fishes and fresh fishes analysed during this study have not comply with the requirements of the standard AFNOR (2000) specific to frozen fish and fresh chilled fish. They are so classified as “unsatisfactory hygienic” due to their very high fecal coliforms loads. It would therefore be interesting to raise awareness among stakeholders in the marketing system for fish products on good hygiene practices and the HACCP approach.
Human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived blood products: state of the art and future directions
Authors: Hansen Marten , von Lindern Marieke , van den Akker Emile , Varga Eszter 
Published: September 2019

In vitro cultured blood cells for transfusion purposes provide a safe alternative to donor blood, particularly for patients who require recurrent transfusions, and can be used as carriers of therapeutic molecules. In vitro derivation of hematopoietic cell types from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allows for a constant, well‐defined production pipeline for such advanced therapeutic and medicinal products. Application of selected iPSC‐derived hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic effector cells in transplantation/transfusions would avoid the risk of alloimmunization and blood‐borne diseases, as well as enable the production of enhanced blood cells expressing molecules that enforce blood cell function or endow novel therapeutic properties. Here, we discuss the state of the art approaches to produce erythroid, megakaryoid and myeloid cells from iPSCs and the biological and technical hurdles that we need to overcome prior to therapeutic application.
Liquid‐Phase Hot Deformation to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance of n‐type Bismuth‐Telluride‐Based Solid Solutions
Authors: Wu Yehao , Yu Yuan , Zhang Qi , Zhu Tiejun , Zhai Renshuang , Zhao Xinbing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBismuth‐telluride‐based solid solutions are the best commercial thermoelectric materials near room temperature. For their n‐type polycrystalline compounds, the maximum figures of merit (zTs) are often less than 1.0 due to the degraded carrier mobility resulting from the loss of texture. Herein, a liquid‐phase hot deformation procedure, during which the Bi2(Te,Se)3 ingots are directly hot deformed with the extrusion of liquid eutectic phase, is performed to enhance the thermoelectric performance of n‐type Bi2(Te,Se)3 alloys. The deformation‐induced dynamic recrystallization is remarkably suppressed due to the reduction of nucleation sites and the release of deformation stress by liquid phase, contributing to a weakened carrier scattering and enhanced carrier mobility. The liquid eutectic phase also facilitates the rotation of grains and enhanced (000l) texture, further improving carrier mobility. In addition, the dense dislocations and lattice distortion introduced into the matrix reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. As a result, a high zT value of 1.1 at 400 K is obtained, about 75% increment over the normal one‐step hot deformed alloys. This work not only demonstrates a simple and efficient technique for achieving superior n‐type Bi2Te3‐based materials, but also elucidates the important role of liquid eutectic phase in hot deformation.
Supplemented howler monkeys eat less wild fruits, but do not change their activity budgets
Authors: Back Janaína Paula , Bicca‐Marques Júlio César 
Published: September 2019

AbstractResearch on the influence of food supplementation on primate behavior has focused on terrestrial and semiterrestrial species. Its effects on highly arboreal species are poorly known. We assessed the influence of food supplementation on the feeding behavior and activity budget of four adult female and two adult male brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) belonging to two groups (JA and RO) that inhabited periurban forest fragments in southern Brazil. We used the “focal‐animal” method during 6–8 full days per month from March to August 2017 (916 h of observation) to record the behavior of the study subjects. The feeding events of the focal individual were recorded using the “all occurrences” method. The supplementation was unevenly distributed during the day and accounted for 5–6% of all feeding events of male and female howlers, respectively. JA always received fruit in a platform, whereas RO had access to fruits and processed foods on roofs and directly from humans. The mean biomass of wild foods ingested by each adult per day was >300% higher than the ingested biomass of supplemented foods (females: 395 vs. 109 g/day; males: 377 vs. 120 g/day), but the ingestion rate of supplemented foods was ca. 400% higher than that of wild foods (females: 17 vs. 4 g/min; males: 19 vs. 5 g/min). The activity budgets of females and males were dominated by resting (66–72%) followed by feeding (18–14%), moving (12–11%), and socializing (2%). We found that food supplementation reduced the ingestion of wild fruits, but it did not affect the howlers’ need to ingest a given amount of leaves per day and the time spent resting, feeding, moving, and socializing.
Theory of mind performance in younger and older adults with elevated autistic traits
Authors: Stewart Gavin R. , Wallace Gregory L. , Cottam Martha , Charlton Rebecca A. 
Published: September 2019

Little is known about the impact of aging with Autism Spectrum Disorder on theory of mind (ToM). While ToM difficulties appear to abate with age in older autistic populations, this has yet to be explored in the Broad Autism Phenotype (BAP). The current study examined ToM performance among younger (n= 49, aged 18–46) and older adults (n= 47, aged 60–91) who were classified as on the BAP (youngern= 18; oldern= 21) or not (youngern= 31; oldern= 26) using the BAP Questionnaire. ToM was assessed using the ecologically valid Strange Stories Film Task (SSFT) and the dynamic Happé–Frith Triangle Animations task (TA). A 2 × 2 analysis of variance examined the effects of autistic traits (BAP vs. non‐BAP) and age (young vs. old). For both SSFT and TA, results showed autistic trait main effects on task performance (non‐BAP > BAP). Age main effects were observed for some but not all metrics on TA (younger better than older), with no differences in SSFT. An interaction of autistic traits and age was observed in TA Intentionality, with younger non‐BAP and younger BAP performing similarly but older non‐BAP performing better than older BAP. Results show that younger and older adults with elevated autistic traits show poorer ToM performance. Despite ToM difficulties being common in later life in the general population, this effect was not observed when using a ToM task designed to reflect real‐world scenarios. However, results suggest that autistic traits and age could interact to increase risk for poor ToM performance in older adults who endorse elevated autistic traits.Autism Res2020, 13: 751–762. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe behaviors and characteristics commonly found in autism spectrum disorders have been linked to differences in understanding social situations. Similar difficulties have also been found in older age. We assessed social understanding in younger and older adults from the general population. Both younger and older adults who report more autism‐like characteristics experience more difficulties with social understanding. However, few differences were found between younger and older adults.