bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerals under negation: Empirical findings
Authors: Solt Stephanie , Waldon Brandon 
Published: October 2019

Despite a vast literature on the semantics and pragmatics of cardinal numerals, it has gone largely unnoticed that they exhibit a variety of polarity sensitivity, in that they require contextual support to occur felicitously in the scope of sentential negation. We present the results of a corpus analysis and two experiments that demonstrate that negated cardinals are acceptable when the negated value has been asserted or otherwise explicitly mentioned in the preceding discourse context, but unacceptable when such a value is neither mentioned nor inferable from that context. In this, bare cardinals exhibit both similarities to and differences from other types of numerical expressions. We propose an account of our findings based on the notion of convexity of linguistic meanings (Gärdenfors 2004) and discuss the implications for the semantics of numerical expressions more generally.
Strafzaken in het overzeese deel van het Koninkrijk
Authors: Knoops G.G.J.A. 
Published: October 2019

Strafzaken in het overzeese deel van het Koninkrijk: enkele praktische aspecten en verschillen met Nederland
De Nederlandse advocaat die in het overzeese deel van het Koninkrijk wil optreden en daarvoor verlof heeft gekregen van het Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie, ziet zich gesteld voor een aantal juridische en praktische verschillen tussen de rechtsgang aldaar en hier in Nederland. In dit artikel zijn daarvan enkele voorbeelden gegeven, maar er bestaan uiteraard nog meer verschillen die van belang zijn voor het voeren van de verdediging. Het is dan ook van belang dat de Nederlandse advocaat die in het overzeese deel van het Koninkrijk gaat optreden, zich van tevoren terdege vergewist van deze verschillen en op dit gebied zal samenwerken met een lokale advocaat.
Geen bancair klantonderzoek op verzoek van het OM
Authors: Lopik S.J. , Kramer J.R. 
Published: October 2019

Geen bancair klantonderzoek op verzoek van het OM: aandachtspunten voor een vrijwaring voor het niet-naleven van de wet
Het OM verzoekt banken steeds vaker om geen klantonderzoekshandelingen, ook wel know your customer- of KYC-handelingen, ten opzichte van een bepaalde klant te verrichten. Dergelijke handelingen zouden in bepaalde gevallen namelijk schadelijk kunnen zijn voor het strafrechtelijk onderzoek. Als een bank bereid is om aan zo’n verzoek van het OM mee te werken, loopt die bank verschillende risico’s op strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid. Het OM kan deze risico’s afdekken door de bank hiervoor strafrechtelijk te vrijwaren. In de praktijk neemt het uitonderhandelen van de vrijwaringstekst nog vaak veel tijd in beslag. Een standaardvrijwaring zou dit probleem oplossen.
Het verschoningsrecht in fraudezaken
Authors: Biesheuvel A.B.W. 
Published: October 2019

Het verschoningsrecht in fraudezaken – een fundamenteel rechtsbeginsel als heet hangijzer?
Het verschoningsrecht in Nederland, met name in fraudezaken, is al jaren onderwerp van discussie. Recent kreeg het debat een nieuwe wending met een oproep van het OM en de FIOD tot effectievere procedures. Deze bijdrage bespreekt die oproep, de (eerste) reacties daarop vanuit advocatuur en wetenschap en de mening van de auteur.
The Use of LIF-based Instrument with 405 nm for Real-time Monitoring of Aerosolized Bio-particles
Authors: Yoon Sung Nyo , Lee Jaekyung , Kim Duckho , Yoo Hyun Sang , Min Kyung Yool , Kim Min Cheol 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bio-aerosols can affect public health depending on the origin of bio-particles (bacteria, virus etc.). Here, we attempted to assess the applicability of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) instrument with 405 nm to real-time monitoring of bacteria and viruscontaining aerosols. For the purpose, the LIF-based BDS (Bio-aerosol Detection System) was used. The bio-particle monitoring of the BDS is based on fluorescence signals from two wavelength ranges [short wavelength range (SWR): 430–550 nm & long wavelength range (LWR): 500–600 nm] and the scattering signal. Firstly, auto-fluorophores (NADH, riboflavin, tyrosine, tryptophan) were tested to expect the monitoring ranges of the BDS for the auto-fluorophores. NADH and riboflavin showed fluorescence signals from two wavelength ranges, and the fluorescence efficiency of NADH was higher in the SWR than in the LWR and that of riboflavin was reversed. While tyrosine and tryptophan showed negligible fluorescence signals from two wavelength ranges as expected. Next, the lyophilized powders of Bacillus subtilis (BS), virus vaccines [ND (Newcastle Disease), IB (Infectious Bronchitis)] and the bacteriophage MS2 were tested to investigate the monitoring ranges of the BDS for the bio-particles. Individual virus and bacteriophage have been expected no fluorescence signals because of the absence of NADH and riboflavin fluorescing by 405 nm. Nonetheless, all the tested samples showed the fluorescence signals in the size range of 2 to 15 μm, generally known as bio-aerosol size. Considering that atmospheric virus particles are released through the respiratory organs of their hosts, just as virus vaccines from chicken embryo and MS2 from E. coli, it can be thought in turn that the BDS can also monitor bio-aerosols including virus as well as bacteria. Taken together, we suggests that the BDS, LIF-based instrument with 405 nm, is applicable for real-time monitoring of virus-containing aerosols as well as other bio-aerosols by counting the fluorescence particles and resolving their particle sizes.
Numeracy musical training for school children with low achievement in mathematics
Authors: Arias Rodriguez Indira , Mendes do Nascimento Jessica , Voigt Marcos Felipe , Dos Santos Flávia Heloísa 
Published: October 2019

El presente estudio caso-controle, doble ciego, y prospectivo investigó los efectos del entrenamiento musical de numerosidad (NMT; Numeracy Musical Training), sobre habilidades cognitivas en niños de enseñanza primaria. Participaron 42 niños de 8 a 10 años divididos en dos grupos: con Bajo Rendimiento Aritmético (n = 21), y con Medio Rendimiento Aritmético (n = 21). Los niños pasaron por dos evaluaciones, antes y después de la realización del NMT, en las cuales se aplicaron pruebas cognitivas y escalas de comportamiento, que evaluaban variables tales como: rendimiento escolar, CI, memoria operativa, cognición numérica, ansiedad y estrés. El NMT fue desarrollado en ocho sesiones colectivas y tuvo como objetivo estimular los sistemas de la cognición numérica e integrar conocimientos musicales básicos y representaciones simbólicas. Después de la intervención por medio del entrenamiento musical los niños de ambos grupos obtuvieron mejoras significativas en el rendimiento académico, en los sistemas de la cognición numérica y en la memoria operativa, así como una disminución de la manifestación de ansiedad a las matemáticas.
The present case-control, double-blind, and prospective study investigated the effects of Numeracy Music Training (NMT) on cognitive skills of primary school children. Participating in the study were 42 children aged 8 to 10 years divided into two groups: Low Achievement in Math (n = 21), and Average Achievement in Math (n = 21). The children underwent two evaluations before and after NMT, where cognitive tests and behavior scales were applied that assessed variables such as school performance, IQ, working memory, numerical cognition, anxiety and stress. NMT was developed in eight group sessions and aimed to stimulate the systems of numerical cognition and integrate basic musical knowledge, and symbolic representations. After the intervention, through musical training, the children in both groups showed significant improvements in school performance, systems of numerical cognition and working memory, as well as the reduction of manifestation of mathematics anxiety.
Anslaget som afsæt for designprocessen
Authors: Lembcke Steen , Pilgaard Michal 
Published: October 2019

I denne artikel diskuterer vi lærerens rammesætning af elevers arbejde med komplekse, virkelighedsnære problemstillinger i skolen. Vi har undersøgt, hvordan starten af et undervisningsforløb kan tilrettelægges som et anslag. Anslaget er elevernes første møde med en designudfordring og det afsæt, der ansporer eleverne til at gå ind en designproces. I filmteori anvendes anslaget om en begivenhed i filmens indledning, ’the point of attack’ (Schiff, 2010) der sætter handlingen i gang. På baggrund af systematisk gennemførte interventioner i folkeskolen har vi undersøgt undervisning, som lærere har tilrettelagt som en designproces med et anslag i en kompleks problemstilling. Komplekse problemstillinger er ofte problemer uden én færdig løsning, såkaldte 'wicked problems' (Rittel & Webber 1973; Buchanan, 1992) og kræver en rammesætning, når de skal gøres til genstand for undervisning. Undersøgelsen peger på, at et anslag i form af et wicked problem har betydning for lærerens muligheder for at navigere i krydsfeltet mellem målstyring og åbne procesorienterede forløb. Artiklen er et bidrag til at belyse lærerens rammesætning og didaktiske stilladsering af designprocesser og digital fabrikation i undervisning.
Present status of photoemission electron microscope newly installed in SPring-8 for time-resolved nanospectroscopy
Authors: Ohkochi Takuo , Osawa Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Akinobu , Fujiwara Hidenori , Oura Masaki 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) system has been newly installed at the soft X-ray undulator beamline (BL17SU) of SPring-8 to realize time-resolved nanospectroscopy for the local transient electronic structures of advanced materials. This PEEM is a versatile machine composed of an electrostatic lens system and is intended for use in specific experiments such as time-resolved measurements. Pump–probe measurements in tandem with a femtosecond pulsed-laser system and an X-ray chopper are now readily available.
Impact of focused ion beam on structural and compositional analysis of interfaces fabricated by surface activated bonding
Authors: Ohno Yutaka , Yoshida Hideto , Kamiuchi Naoto , Aso Ryotaro , Takeda Seiji , Shimizu Yasuo , Nagai Yasuyoshi , Liang Jianbo , Shigekawa Naoteru 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have shown that the structural and compositional properties of semiconductor interfaces fabricated by surface activated bonding (SAB) would be modified during focused ion beam (FIB) processes operated at room temperature (RT), especially for wide band-gap materials, and such a modification can be suppressed by FIB processes operated at lower temperatures. During FIB processes operated at RT, SAB-fabricated Si/Si and GaAs/GaAs interfaces are amorphized along the interfaces, even at the internal locations deeper than the penetration depth of the FIB, and the impurity distribution across the interfaces is modified. This phenomenon is presumably due to the atomic diffusion assisted by the point defects that are introduced by FIB irradiation. By using FIB processes operated at −150 °C, the FIB-induced atomic diffusion would be ignored for Si/Si interfaces. Meanwhile, the diffusion would be still effective for GaAs/GaAs interfaces, presumably due to the effects of recombination-enhanced defect motion under FIB irradiation.
Clinical implications of aberrant neurovascular structures coursing through the submandibular gland
Authors: Eaton Kelsey J. , Smith Heather F. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundVariation within the submandibular triangle, including variant paths of facial neurovasculature, could increase risk of neurovascular derangement during submandibular gland (SMG) dysfunction, enlargement, interventions, or removal.MethodsFrequency of anatomical variants enveloped within or piercing the SMG, including facial artery, vein, or branches of CN VII, were assessed in 70 cadaveric submandibular glands (39M/31F).ResultsEighteen of 70 SMGs (25.7%) were pierced by at least one aberrant neurovasculature structure: Facial artery most frequently (n = 13), followed by facial vein (n = 2), inferior labial artery and vein (n = 1), and CN VII cervical branch (n = 1). This study demonstrated the high variability of neurovasculature within submandibular parenchyma. These aberrant neurovascular structures, especially facial artery, are in danger of compromise during surgical and other medical procedures on the SMG. To avoid potential neurovascular compromise, ultrasonographic or other imaging is recommended prior to procedures involving the SMG.
Spatial Evaluation of Droughts Using Selected Satellite-based Indices in the Upper Tana River Watershed, Kenya
Authors: Okal Harriette A. , Ngetich Felix K. , Okeyo Jeremiah M. 
Published: October 2019

Aims: To identify the most appropriate drought indices for the identification and monitoring of historical meteorological and agricultural drought incidences and to explore the spatial characteristics of these droughts.
Study design: GIS-based empirical research design.
Place and Duration of Study: Upper Tana River Watershed, Kenya drought analysis covering a period of 1981 to 2013.
Methodology: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) provided raster maps for Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) agricultural drought index, while GeoClim databased through Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) was used for retrieval of raster maps for Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) meteorological drought index. ArcGIS version 10.3.1 facilitated image enhancement and correction for better visualization and interpretation.
Results: Agricultural drought years were in 1983, 1987, 1993, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2008, and 2009 while meteorological drought years were in 1983, 1984, 1992, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2003, and 2011.
Conclusion: Meteorological drought triggered events of agricultural drought. Both droughts showed a widespread pattern and were found to manifest at relatively same intervals during the study period.
Risk Analysis in a Tropical Forest Wood Exploration and Processing System in Mato Grosso State, Brazil
Authors: Soranso Denise Ransolin , Minette Luciano José , Bermudes Wanderson Lyrio , Oliveira Michel Picanço , Schettino Stanley , Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Vieira Frederico Eustáquio Telles 
Published: October 2019

Forestry and logging activities in tropical regions are commonly carried out in inappropriate thermal conditions, due to the hot and humid climate, demanding from the worker high energy expenditure and physical effort. They often operate and handle machines and equipment that produce high levels of noise and vibration, and adopt postures that can be harmful to the body, given the constant lifting, handling and transport of loads above tolerable limits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure of workers to risks in a rainforest harvesting and processing system in northern Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The study was conducted in two forest management areas and four processing industries. Occupational heat exposure was assessed and a qualitative analysis of noise and vibration was performed in the two study areas. Occupational exposure to heat was performed by determining the Wet Bulb Index and Globe Thermometer (IBUTG), while the qualitative analysis of noise and vibration was performed with the application of a Risk Analysis methodology. The results indicate that the values of the wet bulb index and globe thermometer (IBUTG), obtained every hour of the working day in the activities of the timber industry and wood processing, correspond to values above the tolerance limit, as standardized. The condition most likely to be harmful to health was found in the exposure to noise by workers in the wood processing industry, especially in operations related to the logging stages, where the risk was categorized as intolerable. With respect to exposure to vibration, the risk was higher in chainsaw operations in logging. In this case, it was possible to qualitatively analyze which occupational exposure limit (OEL) would be exceeded when the machine was in operation, representing risks to workers’ health and safety. It is concluded that there is a need to adopt control measures, since the risk exposure levels were in a range that poses a risk to workers’ health.
Measuring Cross-Cultural Perception of Educational Environment among Postgraduates by Using Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) Inventory
Authors: Ali Zulfiqar , Sajjad Ahmad , Tauqeer Ahmad , Mohammad Anas , Mahmood Zafar , Nasim Bina , Ahmed Anis , Shah Husain , Mathews Laji , Nayeem K. , Naroo G. Y. 
Published: October 2019

Background: A postgraduate training program should be focused on positive and healthy educational environment. Postgraduate trainees suffer invariably during their training when the hospital educational environment is stressful. It is, therefore very important to assess the training environment of an institute as a part of good educational practice.
Aims: The aim of this study is assess and compare the clinical learning environment in the postgraduate training programs in Dubai and Sialkot. We also measure the perception of autonomy, the perception of teaching, and the perception of social support to identify more specific weaknesses and strengths in an educational environment. We demonstrate the appropriate steps, focusing on the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM).
Methods: PHEEM questionnaire was completed by 95 postgraduate residents in an observational, quantitative study involving a cross sectional survey of the perception of attitudes and behavior in postgraduate training programs in Dubai (UAE) and Sialkot (Pakistan).
Results: We used “IBM SPSS STATISTICS 21” software for data analysis. The results were analyzed and compared between postgraduate residents from Dubai and Sialkot. The total PHEEM score we achieved in our study is 104.8. The comparative scores achieved between Dubai and Sialkot residents by three domains of PHEEM inventory include Perception of role autonomy (34.44/35.85), Perception of teaching (36.60/40.65), and Perception of social support (24.42/24.42) respectively. There is no statistically significant association between PG year of training and country of training but there is statistically significant association between gender and country of training.
Conclusion: PHEEM is a simple, multidimensional, valid and highly reliable instrument measuring the educational environment among postgraduates working in different cultures and clinical disciplines. There are more positive than negative as far as the learning environment is concerned in both Dubai and Sialkot; however, there is room for improvement. Perception of social support and role autonomy is identical in Dubai and Sialkot. But teaching is better in Sialkot, attributed mainly to pediatric residency.
Hierarchical NiS2 Modified with Bifunctional Carbon for Enhanced Potassium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Yang Li , Hong Wanwan , Zhang Yu , Tian Ye , Gao Xu , Zhu Yirong , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) are currently drawing increased attention as a promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the abundant resource and low cost of potassium. However, due to the large ionic radius size of K+, electrode material that can stably maintain K+ insertion/deintercalation is still extremely inadequate, especially for anode material with a satisfactory reversible capacity. As an attempt, nitrogen/carbon dual‐doped hierarchical NiS2 is introduced as the electrode material in PIBs for the first time. Considering that the introduction of the carbon layer effectively alleviates the volume expansion of the material itself, further improves the electronic conductivity, and finally accelerates the charge transfer of K+, not surprisingly, NiS2 decorated with the bifunctional carbon (NiS2@C@C) material electrode shows excellent potassium storage performances. When utilized as a PIB anode, it delivers a high reversible capacity of 302.7 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 after 100 cycles. The first coulombic efficiency is 78.6% and rate performance is 151.2 mAh g−1 at 1.6 A g−1 of the NiS2@C@C, which are also notable. Given such remarkable electrochemical properties, this work is expected to provide more possibilities for the reasonable design of advanced electrode materials for metal sulfide potassium ion batteries.
Dual Function of Magnesium in Bone Biomineralization
Authors: Zhang Jinglun , Tang Lin , Qi Haoning , Zhao Qin , Liu Yan , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMagnesium (Mg2+), as a main component of bone, is widely applied to promote bone growth and regeneration. However, Mg2+ can chemically inhibit the crystallization of amorphous calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite (HA). The underlying mechanisms by which Mg2+ improves bone biomineralization remain elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that Mg2+ plays dual roles in bone biomineralization from a developmental perspective. During embryonic development, the Mg2+ concentration is enriched in the early stage from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) to E15.5, but gradually decreases to a stable state in the late phase, after E15.5. Appropriate concentrations of Mg2+ can promote the mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, while excessive Mg2+ impairs their osteogenesis. The earlier the Mg2+ is added, the stronger the observed inhibition of mineralization. In particular, less Mg2+ is present in fully mineralized collagen than in poorly mineralized collagen. Furthermore, a high concentration of Mg2+ changes the crystalline morphology of HA and inhibits collagen calcification. Functionally, a high‐Mg2+ diet inhibits bone biomineralization in mouse offspring. Taken together, the results suggest that appropriate regulation of Mg2+ concentration over time is vital for normal biomineralization. This study is significant for the future design of bone substitutes and implants associated with Mg2+ content.
Precise Molecular Design for High‐Performance Luminogens with Aggregation‐Induced Emission
Authors: Xu Shidang , Duan Yukun , Liu Bin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrecise design of fluorescent molecules with desired properties has enabled the rapid development of many research fields. Among the different types of optically active materials, luminogens with aggregation‐induced emission (AIEgens) have attracted significant interest over the past two decades. The negligible luminescence of AIEgens as a molecular species and high brightness in aggregate states distinguish them from conventional fluorescent dyes, which has galvanized efforts to bring AIEgens to a wide array of multidisciplinary applications. Herein, the useful principles and emerging structure–property relationships for precise molecular design toward AIEgens with desirable properties using concrete examples are revealed. The cutting‐edge applications of AIEgens and their excellent performance in enabling new research directions in biomedical theranostics, optoelectronic devices, stimuli‐responsive smart materials, and visualization of physical processes are also highlighted.