bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community managed alcohol programs in Canada: Overview of key dimensions and implementation
Authors: Pauly Bernadette (Bernie) , Vallance Kate , Wettlaufer Ashley , Chow Clifton , Brown Randi , Evans Joshua , Gray Erin , Krysowaty Bonnie , Ivsins Andrew , Schiff Rebecca , Stockwell Tim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPeople with severe alcohol dependence and unstable housing are vulnerable to multiple harms related to drinking and homelessness. Managed Alcohol Programs (MAP) aim to reduce harms of severe alcohol use without expecting cessation of use. There is promising evidence that MAPs reduce acute and social harms associated with alcohol dependence. The aim of this paper is to describe MAPs in Canada including key dimensions and implementation issues.Design and MethodsThirteen Canadian MAPs were identified through the Canadian Managed Alcohol Program Study. Nine key informant interviews were conducted and analysed alongside program documents and reports to create individual case reports. Inductive content analysis and cross case comparisons were employed to identify six key dimensions of MAPs.ResultsCommunity based MAPs have a common goal of preserving dignity and reducing harms of drinking while increasing access to housing, health and social services. MAPs are offered as both residential and day programs with differences in six key dimensions including program goals and eligibility, food and accomodation, alcohol dispensing and administration, funding and money management, primary care services and clinical monitoring, and social and cultural connections.Discussion and ConclusionsMAPs consist of four pillars with the alcohol intervention provided alongside housing interventions, primary care services, social and cultural interventions. Availability of permanent housing and re‐establishing social and cultural connections are central to recovery and healing goals of MAPs. Additional research regarding Indigenous and gendered approaches to program development as well as outcomes related to chronic harms and differences in alcohol management are needed.
Adolescents drink less: How, who and why? A review of the recent research literature
Authors: Pape Hilde , Rossow Ingeborg , Brunborg Geir Scott 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIssuesToday’s teenagers have been described as a sober generation and we asked: ‘What is known about the recent decline in youth drinking?’ApproachA literature review (2005–2017).Key FindingsResearch from wealthier parts of the world provides solid evidence of less alcohol use by youth since the millennium shift. Some studies show that this is reflected at all levels of consumption, but there are also indications that the heaviest drinkers have not reduced their drinking. The decrease is predominately seen in underage youth, and has been larger for boys than for girls in several countries. Teenagers across social strata drink less, but some disadvantaged subgroups have not followed the downward trend. Underage drinkers have apparently not become a more deviant group as the prevalence of drinking has dropped, indicating no hardening of the group. The major gap in the literature pertains to the issue of underlying driving forces. We found no evidence in support of the widespread assumption that the digital revolution has been of importance. A decline in parenting practices that are conductive to underage drinking has occurred in several countries, but studies examining whether these changes have contributed to less alcohol use by youth are almost non‐existent.ImplicationsTo inform alcohol policy and prevention, it is imperative to find out why teenage drinking has decreased in a fairly consistent way across numerous countries.ConclusionFuture research into the issue of falling prevalence rates of youth drinking should focus on possible explanatory factors at the population level rather than at the individual level.
Women Workers and the Politics of Claims Making: The Local and the Global
Authors: Kabeer Naila 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the evolving politics of claims making in relation to women workers in the global South. It asks what claims are being made and by whom, who these claims are addressed to and what strategies are being employed to press these claims. It distinguishes between women working for global markets and those working for domestic markets in order to identify possible differences in constraints, priorities and opportunities underlying these strategies. It also distinguishes between the different kinds of organizations involved in making claims: organizations of women workers, organizations working with women workers and organizations working on behalf of women workers. The article is one of several papers forming a cluster on feminist mobilizations.
Feminist Mobilization, Claims Making and Policy Change: An Introduction
Authors: Rao Nitya , Cagna Paola 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMore than two decades after the Fourth World Conference on Women was held in Beijing, gender equality policies have not delivered in the ways envisaged. This special cluster of articles seeks to understand why. Women's mobilization and feminist activism was central to the Beijing process and the advocacy that followed, yet their influence on policy processes seems constrained in the current context of global political and economic changes. The articles in this cluster explore the negotiations between different actors, institutions and discourses — and the tensions and contradictions therein — as explanations for why certain domains of women's rights remain at the margins of political agendas and others receive more attention. Specifically, why have women's labour rights and the demands of the unpaid care economy failed to gain policy traction? The articles point to the importance of political practice, which includes the ‘framing’ of policy demands as compelling narratives, engagement with state entities and the forming and managing of alliances. There are trade‐offs inherent in each of these elements, for example, between transformative gender equality objectives and the pragmatic impulse to frame claims in less politically and socially threatening ways. Further, in a context of increasing globalization, mobilization is required at multiple levels — from the local to the transnational. The articles thus seek to deepen our understanding of how policy change for women's rights occurs.
South–South Cooperation and Neoliberal Hegemony in a Post‐aid World
Authors: Morvaridi Behrooz , Hughes Caroline 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe current iteration of South–South Cooperation (SSC) differs fundamentally from the first manifestation in the early 1970s, largely because of differences in assumptions about who is cooperating with whom and to what end, in the context of SSC. These differences are significant for the material practice of SSC and the ideological function of SSC rhetoric. In this article, the authors argue that contemporary ideas about SSC do not retrieve the radical potential of the original formulation, but rather expand the hegemonic neoliberal world order into a new phase through a reframed idea of the relationships between North and South and between states and markets. This promotes a new common‐sense understanding of the contemporary international political economy while further depoliticizing the idea of development. It hijacks the critical force of dependency theory, harnessing the terminology of the 1970s and a nostalgia for state‐led development to an ideological fix that in fact shores up the neoliberal world order in the context of a potentially destabilizing shift in the functioning of global capital.
Readmission and complications within 30 days after intrathecal baclofen pump placement
Authors: Lam Sandi K , Mayer Rory R , Vedantam Aditya , A Staggers Kristen , Harris Dominic A , Pan I‐Wen 
Published: March 2018

AimTo describe 30‐day outcomes after intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump placement in children and identify risk factors for readmission, reoperation, and perioperative complication using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program‐Pediatric (NSQIP‐P) database.MethodPatients aged 0 to 18 years who underwent ITB pump placement (2012–2014) comprised the study cohort defined in the database. Multivariate regression analysis was performed using preoperative and perioperative data from the American College of Surgeons’ NSQIP‐P database. Outcomes of interest within 30 days of surgery were (1) unplanned reoperation; (2) unplanned readmission; and (3) composite postoperative event, including complication, reoperation, and/or readmission.ResultsWe identified 423 surgeries; 246 (58.2%) patients were male, 177 (41.8%) patients were female. Median age was 12 years and 11 months. Median operative time was 70 minutes (interquartile range 56–97min). Mean length of stay was 3.8 days. The patient population had a high number of medical comorbidities. The overall readmission rate was 7.3%; mean postoperative admission date was 14.1 days after surgery. Of readmitted patients, 64.5% underwent reoperation. The most common indication for reoperation was surgical site infection. Female sex was associated with decreased risk of readmission (odds ratio [OR] 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.65; p=0.01); American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification of greater than or equal to 3 was associated with decreased risk of unplanned return to surgery (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11–0.66; p=0.04); length of stay greater than or equal to 3 days at index surgery was associated with increased risk of composite 30‐day perioperative event (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.29–4.20; p=0.01).InterpretationOur data provide national perspectives on 30‐day perioperative outcomes for ITB pump placement in children. Results illustrate NSQIP‐P database collection methodology and highlight opportunities for quality improvement in clinical practice.What this paper adds

Seven percent of patients who underwent intrathecal baclofen pump placement required readmission within 30 days.

The most common indication for reoperation was surgical site infection.
The risk, burden, and management of non‐communicable diseases in cerebral palsy: a scoping review
Authors: Ryan Jennifer M , Allen Elizabeth , Gormley John , Hurvitz Edward A , Peterson Mark D 
Published: March 2018

AimTo examine the risk, burden, and management of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) among people with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodDatabases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase Ovid, CINAHL Plus) were systematically searched up to August 2017. Data on the prevalence of risk factors for, and the burden and management of, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and respiratory diseases were extracted.ResultsThirty‐six studies that examined the prevalence of risk factors among people with CP were identified. There was inconsistent evidence that people with CP had higher prevalence of metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and obesity, but strong evidence that they participated in low levels of physical activity, compared with people without CP. Seven studies reported on the burden of NCDs. Adults with CP had a higher risk of NCDs, including stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other heart conditions, and death due to NCDs, including cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and ischaemic heart disease, compared with the general population. Only one study reported on the management of NCD, specifically the uptake of breast cancer screening among females.InterpretationThe burden of NCDs is higher among adults with CP compared with the general population. Further research is required to determine the prevalence of metabolic risk factors and management of NCDs among people with CP.What this paper addsAdults with cerebral palsy (CP) have an increased risk of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) and increased risk of death because of NCDs.Evidence is inconsistent about the elevated prevalence of metabolic risk factors for NCDs.Evidence is consistent that people with CP participate in reduced physical activity.Only one study reported on management of NCD among people with CP.Available evidence suggests people with CP are less likely to receive preventive medicine.
Perioperative neonatal brain injury is associated with worse school‐age neurodevelopment in children with critical congenital heart disease
Authors: Claessens Nathalie H P , Algra Selma O , Ouwehand Tom L , Jansen Nicolaas J G , Schappin Renske , Haas Felix , Eijsermans Maria J C , de Vries Linda S , Benders Manon J N L ,   CHD Lifespan Study Group Utrecht
Published: March 2018

AimTo assess the impact of perioperative neonatal brain injury and brain volumes on neurodevelopment throughout school‐age children with critical congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodThirty‐four survivors of neonatal cardiac surgery (seven females, 27 males) were included. Neonatal preoperative and postoperative cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was performed and neurodevelopment was assessed at 24 months (SD 0.7, n=32, using Bayley Score of Infant and Toddler Development, Child Behavior Checklist) and 6 years (mean age 5y 11mo; SD 0.3, n=30, using Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form). Brain injury, brain volumes, and cortical measures were related to outcome with adjustment for maternal educational level.ResultsTwo‐year cognitive score and 6‐year Full‐scale IQ were poorer in children with neonatal white matter injury (n=21, all p<0.05), with higher teacher‐reported attention problems (p=0.03). Five of six children with involvement of the posterior limb of the internal capsule showed motor problems (p=0.03). Children with a below‐average Fulll‐scale IQ (<85, n=9) showed smaller volumes of basal ganglia thalami (−8%, p=0.03) and brain stem (−7%, p=0.03).InterpretationOur findings provide evidence of unfavourable outcome in school‐age children with critical CHD who acquire perioperative neonatal brain injury.What this paper adds

This paper extends knowledge about neonatal brain injury and long‐term outcome in congenital heart disease.

Children with white matter injury show lower IQ and more attention problems at school age.

Injury of the posterior limb of the internal capsule increases the risk of motor problems.

This study provides evidence for worse outcomes in neonates acquiring brain injury around cardiac surgery.
Rosiglitazone lowers resting and blood pressure response to exercise in men with type 2 diabetes: A 1‐year randomized study
Authors: Piché Marie‐Eve , Laberge Anne‐Sophie , Brassard Patrice , Arsenault Benoit J. , Bertrand Olivier F. , Després Jean‐Pierre , Costerousse Olivier , Poirier Paul 
Published: March 2018

AimsWe aimed to determine the effect of 1‐year treatment with the insulin sensitizer peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ agonist rosiglitazone on exercise capacity and blood pressure (BP) response to exercise in men with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsA total of 116 men (age, 64 ± 7 years; body mass index, 30.0 ± 4.4 kg/m2) with CAD and T2D were randomized to receive rosiglitazone or placebo for 1 year. Exercise capacity (VO2peak) and BP response to exercise were assessed with a maximal treadmill test, prior to the intervention and at 1‐year follow‐up. Exercise‐induced hypertension (EIH) was defined as maximal systolic BP ≥ 220 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 100 mm Hg.ResultsPPAR‐γ agonist‐treated patients showed improvements in fasting glucose, HbA1c and insulin sensitivity (Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR]) (all P < .05). Resting BPs, maximal exercise diastolic BP and resting rate‐pressure product (RPP) were all reduced in the PPAR‐γ agonist group (P < .05). Maximal exercise duration was unchanged. T2D patients who displayed the greatest improvement in insulin sensitivity (HOMA‐IR) under PPAR‐γ agonist treatment experienced a greater reduction in exercise BP and RPP (P < .05). The proportion of men with EIH decreased in the PPAR‐γ agonist group during follow‐up (39.00% ± 0.06% vs 21.00% ± 0.05%). In the subgroup with EIH that was treated with a PPAR‐γ agonist, resting and exercise diastolic BP, as well as resting RPP, were all reduced at 1‐year follow‐up (P < .05).ConclusionsThe insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone has a beneficial effect on resting and BP response to exercise in men with CAD and T2D, especially in those with an exaggerated BP response to exercise.
Assessing international organizations’ support to social enterprise
Authors: Hoyos Angela , Angel‐Urdinola Diego F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article takes stock of a sample of interventions and programmes across different countries and regions supported by international organizations to foster the development of social enterprise. The primary objective of the article is to generate a compilation of such interventions and draw some lessons about their potential contribution to the growth and sustainability of the sector. The results indicate that international organizations’ support to social enterprise has focused primarily on the provision of financial resources, notably loans and grants. While programmes remain largely unassessed, the few available rigorous evaluations show that social enterprise has the potential to be a cost‐effective mechanism to deliver basic social services to the poor. The article proposes a set of policy recommendations directed primarily to international organizations and the public administration to improve and enhance their support to the sector.
Site fidelity and movements of an amphidromous goby revealed by otolith multi‐elemental signatures along a tropical watershed
Authors: Teichert Nils , Tabouret Helene , Lagarde Raphaël , Grondin Henri , Ponton Dominique , Pécheyran Christophe , Bareille Gilles 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOtolith microchemistry can provide crucial information to address gaps of knowledge in spatio‐temporal ecology of fish species. However, understanding the seasonal variability of water chemistry and its effect on otolith signatures is needed to interpret fish movements. Otolith multi‐elemental signatures were used to examine the diadromous migration and small‐scale movements of a tropical goby (Sicyopterus lagocephalus) within a watershed in La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. The elemental ratios Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca and Sr:Ba recorded monthly in the water of nine sampling sites varied between localities and were correlated with otolith signatures, whereas the Mg:Ca signature was not. The incorporation of some trace elements in otoliths was influenced by the size of fish and site where they were caught, reflecting an effect of endogenous and exogenous factors. Despite these sources of variation, the elemental signatures did not overlap for three river sections distributed along the 26‐km‐long watershed. The diadromous migration and fish lifetime movements between these river sections were reconstructed using an original process based on random forest analysis. This approach revealed distinct migratory behaviours after fish entered in the river, with some individuals progressing slowly in the watershed whereas other rapidly reached the upper localities. As adults, S. lagocephalus showed a restricted exploratory behaviour and a strong site fidelity to a particular part of the watershed. The detection of adult movement was typically only between adjacent locations and is possibly explained by shifts in local intraspecific hierarchies and/or displacement during extreme discharge caused by cyclones.
Red operculum spots, body size, maturation and evidence for a satellite male phenotype in non‐native European populations of pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus
Authors: Zięba Grzegorz , Smith Carl , Fox Michael G. , Yavno Stan , Záhorská Eva , Przybylski Mirosław , Masson Gérard , Cucherousset Julien , Verreycken Hugo , van Kleef Hein H. , Copp Gordon H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCarotenoid‐based pigmentation is a striking feature of many taxa, yet the function, if any, of colour traits is often unclear. Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus, a widely introduced freshwater sunfish that exhibits alternative male mating strategies, express a striking, red operculum spot. To investigate the potential function of this red spot as a signal in this species' mating system, we determined the presence and measured the size of red operculum spots in fish collected from 12 populations in five European countries in which pumpkinseed is an established non‐native species. We subsequently related the presence and size of the red spot to body size and mating strategy, based on an analysis of relative gonad size (gonado‐somatic index, GSI), using a mixed modelling approach. The study demonstrated that the presence of a red operculum spot in pumpkinseed is associated with sexual maturation, with GSI frequency distributions suggesting that cuckolders in some non‐native populations comprised both sneaker and satellite males, the latter not having previously been reported for this species. Further, the size of red spot correlated strongly with body size in parental and cuckolder males, although there was no difference in the presence or size of the red operculum spot between male mating strategies. The function of a red operculum spot in females is not clear but may be partly mediated by pleiotropic genetic mechanisms. Red operculum spots appear to function as signals of male maturation and body size in pumpkinseed, irrespective of mating strategy.
A rapid review of serious games: From healthcare education to dental education
Authors: Sipiyaruk K. , Gallagher J. E. , Hatzipanagos S. , Reynolds P. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionGames involving technology have the potential to enhance hand‐eye coordination and decision‐making skills. As a result, game characteristics have been applied to education and training, where they are known as serious games. There is an increase in the volume of literature on serious games in healthcare education; however, evidence on their impact is still ambiguous.AimsThe aims of this study were (i) to identify high‐quality evidence (systematic reviews or meta‐analyses) regarding impacts of serious games on healthcare education; and (ii) to explore evidence regarding impacts of serious games in dental education.MethodsA rapid review of the literature was undertaken to synthesise available evidence and examine serious games in healthcare education (Stage 1) and dental education (Stage 2).ResultsNine systematic reviews were included in Stage 1, four of which were of high, three of moderate and two of low quality. For Stage 2, two randomised control trials with moderate quality were included. The findings demonstrated that serious games are potentially effective learning tools in terms of knowledge and skills improvement, although outcomes of serious games over traditional learning approaches were not consistent. In addition, serious games appeared to be more engaging and satisfying for students, which could be considered as the most important positive impact.ConclusionSerious games provide an option for healthcare and dental education but remain underutilised and researched. At best, they offer a similar experience to other methods in relation to educational outcome; however, they can provide a supplementary strategy to engage students and improve learner satisfaction.