bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis reveals potential biomarkers for early healing in cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Montoya Andrés , López Manuel Carlos , Vélez Ivan D. , Robledo Sara M. 
Published: January 2019

Background
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by more than 20 species of the Leishmania genus. The disease is globally distributed and is endemic in 97 countries and three territories in the tropical and subtropical regions. The efficacy of the current treatments is becoming increasingly low either due to incomplete treatment or resistant parasites. Failure of treatment is frequent, and therefore, the search for early biomarkers of therapeutic response in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is urgently needed.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the proteomic profiles in patients with CL before and after 7 days of treatment and identify early biomarkers of curative response.

Methods
Four patients with a parasitological diagnosis of leishmaniasis with confirmation of species by PCR-RFLP were recruited. All patients had a single lesion, and a protein from the middle of the ulcer was quantified by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Results
A total of 12 proteins showed differential expression in the comparative LC-electrospray ionization MS/MS (LC-ESI-MS/MS) triplicate analysis. Seven of them were up-regulated and five of them were down-regulated. Calcium binding proteins A2, A8, and A9 and hemoglobin subunits alpha-2 and delta showed high correlation with epidermis development and immune response.

Conclusion
We identified changes in the profiles of proteins that had a positive therapeutic response to the treatment. The proteins identified with differential expression are related to the reduction of inflammation and increased tissue repair. These proteins can be useful as biomarkers for early monitoring of therapeutic response in CL.
Perfil do albinismo oculocutâneo no estado da Bahia.
Authors: Moreira Lília Maria de Azevedo , Moreira Shirlei Cristina , Cabanelas Iago Teles Dominguez , Rocha Luciane De Melo 
Published: January 2019

<span class="texto">O albinismo é um conjunto heterogêneo de distúrbios genéticos que afeta a produção de melanina, podendo levar à hipopigmentação da pele, dos pêlos, cabelos e olhos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar aspectos genéticos e agravos à saúde decorrentes do albinismo oculocutâneo. Foi feita uma amostragem de conveniência, utilizando-se como instrumento de coleta de dados questionários semi-estruturados aplicados a 40 probandos (23 mulheres e 17 homens) de famílias associadas a APALBA (Associação dos Portadores de Albinismo da Bahia). Os albinos eram filhos de pais normalmente pigmentados, portadores do alelo recessivo mutante. A maioria (65%) refere hereditariedade, com mais de um caso na família, e origem étnica predominantemente negra. A ocorrência do albinismo está associada a dificuldades e desvantagens, conseqüências do distúrbio genético e da segregação social. O diagnóstico usual do albinismo segue critérios clínicos, embora já existam métodos laboratoriais que identificam algumas mutações. A falta de assistência aos afetados contribui para a baixa da visão e a ocorrência de câncer de pele. O estudo indica a necessidade de um novo modelo de atendimento ao albino, com medidas de prevenção aos danos à saúde, que também incluam, nos casos indicados, testes laboratoriais com técnicas da biologia molecular que possam contribuir para o aconselhamento genético da condição. </span>
Frog survival and population viability in an agricultural landscape with a drying climate
Authors: Davis Robert A. , Lohr Cheryl A. , Dale Roberts J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAmphibians are the most threatened class of vertebrate in the world. Although a number of causes of the amphibian decline phenomenon are emerging, there is a need for robust demographic data to be able to monitor current and future threats such as climate change. Despite this, few studies on amphibians have the life‐history data available to undertake these analyses and fewer still have looked at the challenges to population viability posed by fragmentation—a feature inherent in agricultural landscapes where the matrix is highly modified. Our aim was to investigate the population viability of a large burrowing frog in an agricultural landscape. Specifically, we aimed to investigate the future persistence of populations under a range of scenarios including populations connected by various levels of dispersal and reduced rainfall. We used the life‐history parameters of Heleioporus albopunctatus, a frog species widely distributed in the extensively cleared agricultural regions of south‐western Australia. We investigated the viability of 24 partially connected populations under a range of scenarios using the program Vortex Version 10.1.6.0. Metapopulations were consistently more robust to extinction than isolated local populations. Both meta‐ and local populations were more susceptible to increases in age‐specific mortality rates than to variation in the estimated ability of H. albopunctatus to disperse between breeding ponds, the survival rate of dispersers, or the frequency of drought. Our results reinforce the importance of metapopulations for survival in fragmented landscapes and point to the need to manage amphibian breeding ponds across landscapes to ensure high survival rates, particularly for juveniles.
Sheltered from the storm? Population viability analysis of a rare endemic under periodic catastrophe regimes
Authors: Crain Benjamin J. , Tremblay Raymond L. , Ferguson Jake M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRare species are important targets for biodiversity conservation efforts because rarity often equates to small populations and increased endangerment. Rare species are prone to stochastic extinction events and may be particularly susceptible to catastrophes. Therefore, understanding how rare species respond to disturbances is critical for evaluating extinction risk and guiding conservation managers. Population viability analyses (PVAs) are essential for assessing rare species' status yet they seldom consider catastrophic events. Accordingly, we present a PVA of a rare tropical epiphyte,Lepanthes caritensis(Orchidaceae), under simulated disturbance regimes to evaluate its demographics and extinction risk. We aimed to test how demographic models incorporating catastrophes affect population viability estimates. Our goal was to better guide management of these orchids and other rare plants. Results revealedL. caritensisnumbers have declined recently, but projected growth rates indicated that most subpopulations should increase in size if undisturbed. Still, projection models show that moderate catastrophes reduce growth rates, increase stochasticity in subpopulation sizes, and elevate extinction risk. Severe catastrophes had a more pronounced effect in simulations; growth rates fell below replacement level, there was greater variation in projected population sizes, and extinction risk was significantly higher. PVAs incorporating periodic catastrophes indicate that rare species may have greater extinction probabilities than standard models suggest. Thus, precautionary conservation measures should be taken in disturbance prone settings and we encourage careful monitoring after environmental catastrophes. Future rare plant PVAs should incorporate catastrophes and aim to determine if rescue and reintroduction efforts are necessary after disturbances to insure long‐term population viability.
Surviving background extinction: Inferences from historic and current dynamics in the contrasting population structures of two endemic Mexican cycads
Authors: Cabrera‐Toledo Dánae , González‐Astorga Jorge , Vovides Andrew P. , Casas Alejandro , Vargas‐Ponce Ofelia , Carrillo‐Reyes Pablo , Nolasco‐Soto Janet , Vega Ernesto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEcological and microevolutionary perspectives were used to investigate signs of background extinction in two endemic species. We studied relict populations of the cycad Dioon caputoi, contrasting its population structure and neighborhood size with those of Dioon planifolium as a demographically healthier reference population. Population dynamics analysis was performed on two populations of D. caputoi through Integral Projection Models and genetic neighborhoods compared between species through 172 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat loci performed in one population of each of the two study species. The D. caputoi populations mostly comprised adult plants, while D. planifolium presented mainly juvenile individuals. Dioon caputoi showed equilibrium in population growth (i.e., λ ≈ 1), with low recruitment, and its genetic neighborhood revealed highly related individuals in a unique distance class (rij = 0.407, 33 m). A contrasting pattern was found in D. planifolium, which showed higher relatedness in the first distance class (rij = 0.543, 5 m), gradually decreasing to 20 m. The discrepancies between the two species reflect different strategies of persistence. Dioon caputoi conserves a relict dynamics with signs of a multigenerational, attritional loss of reproductive fitness, while D. planifolium does not. This study furthers our understanding of the background extinction process and the information will thus contribute to the management and conservation of this endangered species.
Comparing clustered sampling designs for spatially explicit estimation of population density
Authors: Clark Joseph D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSpatially explicit capture–recapture methods do not assume that animals have equal access to sampling devices (e.g., detectors), which allows for gaps in the sampling extent and nonuniform (e.g., clustered) sampling designs. However, the performance (i.e., relative root mean squared error [RRMSE], confidence interval coverage, relative bias and relative standard error) of clustered detector arrays has not been thoroughly evaluated. I used simulations to evaluate the performance of various detector and cluster spacings, cluster configurations (i.e., number of detectors arranged in a square grid), sampling extents and number of sampling occasions for estimating population density, the relationship between detection rate and distance to a detector from the animal's center of activity (σ) and base detection rates, using American black bears (Ursus americanus) as a case study. My simulations indicated that a wide range of detector configurations can provide reliable estimates if spacing between detectors in clusters is ≥1σ and ≤3σ. A number of cluster configurations and occasion lengths produced estimates that were unbiased, resulted in good spatial coverage, and were relatively precise. Moreover, increasing the duration of sampling, establishing large study areas, increasing detection rates and spacing clusters so that cross‐cluster sampling of individuals can occur could help ameliorate deficiencies in the detector layout. These results have application for a wide array of species and sampling methods (e.g., DNA sampling, camera trapping, mark‐resight and search‐encounter) and suggest that clustered sampling can significantly reduce the effort necessary to provide reliable estimates of population density across large spatial extents that previously would have been infeasible with nonclustered sampling designs.
Coupled population dynamics of two Neotropical marsupials driven by mesopredator's abundance
Authors: Kuhnen Vanessa V. , Wedekin Leonardo L. , Setz Eleonore Z. F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAccording to the mesopredator release theory, when top predators are eradicated from an area, mesopredators become overabundant. Didelphis aurita is the largest marsupial in the Atlantic Rainforest, and it occurs in higher abundances in the absence of top predators. This mesopredator has similar ecological requirements to the sympatric marsupial Metachirus nudicaudatus. Considering the similar requirements, and that D. aurita is about three times the size of M. nudicaudatus, our hypothesis is that the increase in D. aurita's abundance may negatively affect M. nudicaudatus' population. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a two‐year capture‐mark‐recapture study in an area in the Southeast of Brazil where top predator community is depauperated. The relationship between the population dynamics of these two marsupials was analyzed by including abundance of D. aurita and environmental conditions as explanatory variables of the population parameters of M. nudicaudatus. We observed that all demographic parameters of M. nudicaudatus fluctuated over time and responded negatively to D. aurita abundance. Our conclusion is that, at least on a monthly timescale, the interspecific relationship with D. aurita seems to influence more M. nudicaudatus' population than any other environmental covariate. These findings suggest that mesopredator release can promote negative effects on population parameters of other species within the same trophic level. Considering that top predators are no longer present in most of the remaining Atlantic Rainforest fragments, the marsupial D. aurita has become a key species in this biome, with relevant consequences arising from its interspecific interactions.
Output factors of ionization chambers and solid state detectors for mobile intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) accelerator electron beams
Authors: Güngör Görkem , Aydın Gökhan , Mustafayev Teuta Zoto , Özyar Enis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeThe electron energy characteristics of mobile intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) accelerator LIAC® differ from commonly used linear accelerators, thus some of the frequently used detectors can give less accurate results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the output factors (OFs) of several ionization chambers (IC) and solid state detectors (SS) for electron beam energies generated by LIAC® and compare with the output factor of Monte Carlo model (MC) in order to determine the adequate detectors for LIAC®.MethodsThe OFs were measured for 6, 8, 10, and 12 MeV electron energies with PTW 23343 Markus, PTW 34045 Advanced Markus, PTW 34001 Roos, IBA PPC05, IBA PPC40, IBA NACP‐02, PTW 31010 Semiflex, PTW 31021 Semiflex 3D, PTW 31014 Pinpoint, PTW 60017 Diode E, PTW 60018 Diode SRS, SNC Diode EDGE, and PTW 60019 micro Diamond detectors. Ion recombination factors (ksat) of IC were measured for all applicator sizes and OFs were corrected according to ksat. The measured OFs were compared with Monte Carlo output factors (OFMC).ResultsThe measured OFs of IBA PPC05, PTW Advanced Markus, PTW Pinpoint, PTW microDiamond, and PTW Diode E detectors are in good agreement with OFMC. The maximum deviations of IBA PPC05 OFs to OFMC are −1.6%, +1.5%, +1.5%, and +2.0%; for PTW Advanced Markus +1.0%, +1.5%, +2.0%, and +2.0%; for PTW Pinpoint +2.0%, +1.6%, +4.0%, and +2.0%; for PTW microDiamond −1.6%, +2%, +1.1%, and +1.0%; and for PTW Diode E −+1.7%, +1.7%, +1.3%, and +2.5% for 6, 8, 10, and 12 MeV, respectively. PTW Roos, PTW Markus, IBA PPC40, PTW Semiflex, PTW Semiflex 3D, SNC Diode Edge measured OFs with a maximum deviation of +5.6%, +4.5%, +5.6%, +8.1%, +4.8%, and +9.6% with respect to OFMC, while PTW Diode SRS and IBA NACP‐02 were the least accurate (with highest deviations −37.1% and −18.0%, respectively).ConclusionThe OFs results of solid state detectors PTW microDiamond and PTW Diode E as well as the ICs with small electrode spacing distance such as IBA PPC05, PTW Advanced Markus and PTW Pinpoint are in excellent agreement with OFMC. The measurements of the other detectors evaluated in this study are less accurate, thus they should be used with caution. Particularly, PTW Diode SRS and IBA NACP‐02 are not suitable and their use should be avoided in relative dosimetry measurements under high dose per pulsed (DPP) electron beams.
Tunable Graphene Electronics with Local Ultrahigh Pressure
Authors: Ares Pablo , Pisarra Michele , Segovia Pilar , Díaz Cristina , Martín Fernando , Michel Enrique G. , Zamora Félix , Gómez‐Navarro Cristina , Gómez‐Herrero Julio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFine‐tuning of graphene effective doping is achieved by applying ultrahigh pressures (>10 GPa) using atomic force microscopy (AFM) diamond tips. Specific areas in graphene flakes are irreversibly flattened against a SiO2 substrate. This work represents the first demonstration of local creation of very stable effective p‐doped graphene regions with nanometer precision, as unambiguously verified by a battery of techniques. Importantly, the doping strength depends monotonically on the applied pressure, allowing a controlled tuning of graphene electronics. Through this doping effect, ultrahigh pressure modifications include the possibility of selectively modifying graphene areas to improve their electrical contact with metal electrodes, as shown by conductive AFM. Density functional theory calculations and experimental data suggest that this pressure level induces the onset of covalent bonding between graphene and the underlying SiO2 substrate. This work opens a convenient avenue to tuning the electronics of 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures through pressure with nanometer resolution.
Layer‐by‐Layer Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Coating for Antioxidant Protection of Encapsulated Beta Cells
Authors: Abuid Nicholas J. , Gattás‐Asfura Kerim M. , Schofield Emily A. , Stabler Cherie L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn type 1 diabetes, the replacement of the destroyed beta cells could restore physiological glucose regulation and eliminate the need for exogenous insulin. Immunoisolation of these foreign cellular transplants via biomaterial encapsulation is widely used to prevent graft rejection. While highly effective in blocking direct cell‐to‐cell contact, nonspecific inflammatory reactions to the implant lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which contribute to foreign body reaction and encapsulated cell loss. For antioxidant protection, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) are a self‐renewable, ubiquitous, free radical scavenger currently explored in several biomedical applications. Herein, 2–12 alternating layers of CONP/alginate are assembled onto alginate microbeads containing beta cells using a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) technique. The resulting nanocomposite coatings demonstrate robust antioxidant activity. The degree of cytoprotection correlates with layer number, indicating tunable antioxidant protection. Coating of alginate beads with 12 layers of CONP/alginate provides complete protection to the entrapped beta cells from exposure to 100 × 10−6 m H2O2, with no significant changes in cellular metabolic activity, oxidant capacity, or insulin secretion dynamics, when compared to untreated controls. The flexibility of this LbL method, as well as its nanoscale profile, provides a versatile approach for imparting antioxidant protection to numerous biomedical implants, including beta cell transplantation.
Optically Rewritable Transparent Liquid Crystal Displays Enabled by Light‐Driven Chiral Fluorescent Molecular Switches
Authors: Li Juntao , Bisoyi Hari Krishna , Tian Jiajun , Guo Jinbao , Li Quan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFunctional soft materials exhibiting distinct functionalities in response to a specific stimulus are highly desirable towards the fabrication of advanced devices with superior dynamic performances. Herein, two novel light‐driven chiral fluorescent molecular switches have been designed and synthesized that are able to exhibit unprecedented reversible Z/E photoisomerization behavior along with tunable fluorescence intensity in both isotropic and anisotropic media. Cholesteric liquid crystals fabricated using these new fluorescent molecular switches as chiral dopants exhibit reversible reflection color tuning spanning the visible and infrared region of the spectrum. Transparent display devices have been fabricated using both low chirality and high chirality cholesteric films that operate either exclusively in fluorescent mode or in both fluorescent and reflection mode, respectively. The dual mode display device employing short pitch cholesteric film is able to function on demand under all ambient light conditions including daylight and darkness with fast response and high resolution. Moreover, the proof‐of‐concept for a “remote‐writing board” using cholesteric films containing one of the light‐driven chiral fluorescent molecular switches with ease of fabrication and operation is disclosed herein. Such optically rewritable transparent display devices enabled by light‐driven chiral fluorescent molecular switches pave a new way for developing novel display technology under different lighting conditions.
Hybrid ZnON–Organic Light Emitting Transistors with Low Threshold Voltage <5 V
Authors: Park Yu Jung , Song AeRan , Walker Bright , Seo Jung Hwa , Chung Kwun‐Bum 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe electrical and optical properties of inorganic–organic hybrid light emitting transistors (HLETs) are investigated, which are fabricated using the n‐type semiconductor zinc‐oxynitride (ZnON) as an electron transporting layer and the poly(p‐phenylene vinylene)‐based copolymer, Super Yellow (SY), as the light emitting layer. Additionally, the influence of various source (S)–drain (D) electrodes (Al, Ag, and Au) with different work functions (WFs) (4.1, 4.6, and 5.1 eV, respectively) on the performance of HLETs is studied. In order to increase the rate of hole injection from the metal electrodes and increase hole accumulation at the emissive layer, the use of a molybdenum oxide (MoOx) interlayer is also investigated. As a result, optimized devices using MoOx/Au hole injecting electrodes yield high brightness of up to 3.04 × 104 cd∙m−2 at a low threshold voltage of 4.79 V. This study provides valuable information about the role of the WF of S–D electrodes in HLETs, which may be exploited to improve the device performance of optoelectronic devices in the future.
Fluorinated Organic Electro‐Optic Quinolinium Crystals for THz Wave Generation
Authors: Kim Se‐In , Kang Bong Joo , Jeong Chan‐Uk , Shin Myeong‐Hoon , Kim Won Tae , Jazbinsek Mojca , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFluorinated electro‐optic crystals with state‐of‐the‐art second‐order nonlinear optical response and excellent characteristics for terahertz (THz) wave generation are reported. The fluorinated organic ionic crystals consist of optically highly nonlinear fluorinated HM6FQ (6‐fluoro‐2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxystyryl)‐1‐methylquinolinium) or HM7FQ (7‐fluoro‐2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxystyryl)‐1‐methylquinolinium) cations and 4‐methylbenzenesulfonate (T) counter anions. Compared to benchmark electro‐optic crystals based on nonfluorinated HMQ (2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxystyryl)‐1‐methylquinolinium) cations, introducing fluorine substituent on HM6FQ cations creates additional hydrogen bonds (ArF···HC). Such a molecular engineering leads to an enhanced thermal stability and significant modulations of phonon vibrational modes of crystals in THz frequency region, while excellent π–π stacking and space filling characteristics of HM6FQ cations in crystals lead to state‐of‐the‐art diagonal component of the macroscopic nonlinear optical susceptibility, similar to the case of HMQ cations. HM6FQ‐based crystals exhibit a very high optical‐to‐THz conversion efficiency, comparable to benchmark HMQ‐based crystals. In addition, due to additional hydrogen bonds induced by fluorine substituents, the spectral shape of the generated THz wave is remarkably modified; e.g., the largest spectral gap is near 1.5 and 2.0 THz for HM6FQ‐ and HMQ‐based crystals, respectively. The fluorinated cationic engineering on nonlinear optical crystals having benchmark nonlinear optical response is, as far as is known, reported for the first time.