bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise Training-induced Modulation in Microenvironment of Rat Mammary Neoplasms
Authors: Figueira Ana , Figueira Mafalda , Silva Carina , Padrão Ana , Oliveira Paula , Ferreira Rita , Duarte Jose 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite the importance attributed to exercise training in the breast cancer (BC) continuum, the underlying mechanisms modulating tumor behavior are unknown. We evaluated the effects of long-term moderate-exercise in the development of mammary tumors, and studied the microenvironment of infiltrative lesions, the amount of connective tissue, and balance between cellular proliferation/death.Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats, randomly assigned into four groups: two control groups (sedentary and exercised) and two models of BC groups (sedentary and exercised) induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosoureia (MNU), were sacrificed after 35 weeks of moderate-exercise, and all perceptible tumors were removed for histological and immunohistochemistry analysis.The median number of infiltrative-lesions per animal was lower in the MNU exercised animals (p=0.02). More than one histological pattern was identified, and papillary carcinoma was the most frequent in both groups. Within infiltrative-lesions, the number of immunopositive cells per μm2 of Ki67 was lower in exercised animals (p=0.002). This presents increased cell death per μm2 (p=0.019). Tumors from sedentary animals had a higher expression of collagen deposition (p=0.027).Long-term moderate-exercise has beneficial effects in tumor development with a diminished prevalence of malignancy. Within infiltrative-lesions, moderate-exercise improves the balance between cell-proliferation and cell-death with decreased connective tissue that suggests lower tumor aggressiveness.
Navigation an der Halswirbelsäule
Authors: Schütze Konrad , Gebhard Florian , Richter Peter 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungWie in allen anderen Abschnitten der Wirbelsäule gewinnt die intraoperative Navigation auch im Bereich der Halswirbelsäule zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die Nähe der neurovaskulären Strukturen, die komplexe Anatomie des 1. und 2. Halswirbelkörpers und die Einführung von minimalinvasiven Verfahren erschwert die sichere Schraubenplatzierung im Bereich der Halswirbelsäule. Etablierte und neuere navigierte Verfahren zielen darauf ab, die Genauigkeit bei der Schraubenplatzierung immer weiter zu erhöhen. Alle gängigen Operationen im Bereich der Halswirbelsäule können auch navigiert durchgeführt werden und zeigen im Vergleich zur konventionellen Technik niedrigere Fehllageraten. Von den zur Verfügung stehenden Verfahren zeigt die 3-D-Navigation mit einem intraoperativ generierten Bilddatensatz die höchste Genauigkeit. Die Benutzung von aus den CT-Daten modellierten Templates und roboterassistierten Verfahren muss sich gegenüber den etablierten Verfahren in großen Studien noch beweisen, stellt aber für die Zukunft eine weitere Möglichkeit dar, die Genauigkeit der Schraubenplatzierung an der Halswirbelsäule zu verbessern.
Gentle masculinity in East Asia
Authors: Kroo Judit 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study considers the Japanese phenomenon ofsooshokukei-danshi(SKD) ‘Herbivore Men’ within larger discourses of ‘East-Asian gentle masculinity.’ Focusing on lexical variation across both scripted and naturalistic data, the current study argues that while use of salient variables by SKD identified speakers in media closely conform to stereotypically gendered usage patterns, use of these variables in naturalistic data is more complex, suggesting speakers’ engagement in the performance of a range of gendered stances. Furthermore, data indicate that rather than use of particular lexical items, e.g. a given pragmatic particle, the performance of gendered types emerges through patterns in the use of a range of items and that use of a single item does not by itself signal gendered performance. Concurrently, interlocutors ignore speakers’ use of otherwise salient variables when they do not conform to interlocutors’ pre-existing images of these speakers, focusing instead on use of those variables that confirm their metalinguistic images of the speaker.
Migrant youth identity work in transnational new mediascape
Authors: Kim Sujin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper argues that transnational new media space is an important developmental context for migrant youth who have multiple social networks across geographical and cultural locations. Informed by the ecological model of development and literacy studies, this paper examines Korean migrant adolescents’ sense of self and belonging in relation to the three intertwined identity categories – nationality, race, and ethnicity; and the role of new media in youth’s identity negotiation and representation. Using an ethnographic case study design, this paper analyzes adolescents’ identity work reflected in their verbal interviews and multimodal new media literacy practices. Findings suggest that despite the complexity of youths’ identity as seen in their shifting meaning of being Korean across national, ethno-cultural, and racial contexts, youths actively reconstructed and shared a fuller range of their identity constructs drawing on the resources and linguistic tools in transnational new media.
Blueberry field management and harvesting.
Authors: Retamales J. B. , Hancock J. F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This chapter covers several management practices of utmost importance in blueberry cultivation, including mulching, protected cultivation, soilless culture, irrigation, pruning, grafting, pollination and harvesting. The impact of insufficient or excess water is explained. The methods to determine water status in blueberry fields are discussed and the most important irrigation systems compared. In the case of mulching, the characteristics, considerations and effects of both organic and plastic materials are presented. Soilless and protected cultivation techniques and their effects on plant behaviour are addressed. The timing, intensity and effects of pruning are presented, along with the reproductive biology of blueberries and the most effective planting designs to maximize yield and fruit quality. A section on pollination and its impact on fruit size, fruit set and yield is included. The section on grafting presents the developments that have occurred in this area. The different types of harvesting and their effect on fruit quality at both harvest and postharvest are also discussed.
The use and abuse of the term 'GMO' in the 'common weal rhetoric' against the application of modern biotechnology in agriculture.
Authors: Aerni P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This chapter addresses the shift of discursive power from supporters to opponents of GMOs over the past three decades from a social psychology as well as a political economy perspective. In this context, the view that opponents of GMOs are driven by ethical concerns is challenged. Opportunistic behaviour by professional anti-GMO factions is illustrated through two specific political debates on GMOs in the Swiss and the EU Parliaments. The two cases reveal how the public narrative against the case of GMOs allows opponents to conceal their private agendas behind a 'common weal rhetoric', which portrays them as selfless representatives of the common or public interest. However, the credibility of this common weal rhetoric stands and falls with the credibility of the term 'GMO', which has developed a life of its own, very much detached from the technology itself.
Collaborating with the enemy? A view from down under on GM research partnerships.
Authors: Ankeny R. A. , Bray H. J. , McKinley K. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This chapter explores the distribution of funding and approvals for GM crops in Australia in order to determine if private interests dominate public research in agricultural biotechnology and if public interests can be served by collaborations with private organizations. Although a highly detailed analysis is not possible given the available data, it is contended that the Australian setting provides a different perspective on the potential for various forms of public-private collaborations in GM research, as well as an excellent test bed for assessing effects of diverse types of funding and institutional arrangements. Three brief GM case studies from the Australian context are presented to explore key issues arising and underlying complexities associated with GM research: (i) drought-tolerant wheat; (ii) high-amylose wheat; and (iii) Vitamin A-enhanced 'super banana'.
Three models of public opinion and public interest for agricultural biotechnology: precautionary, conventional and accommodative.
Authors: Windsor D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

The normative research question addressed in this chapter is whether the public interest means agricultural biotechnology should lead (and thus reshape) public opinion or wait for public opinion to become sufficiently supportive. The chapter considers three models of how public opinion is linked to regulatory approaches and reviews examples of each. For example, the chapter shows how European regulatory systems are precautionary and that public opinion leads and biotechnology research follows. Many agriculturally oriented countries are conventional; while not being anti-GMO, public opinion leads over new technology research. In the USA, regulation is accommodative, so that agricultural biotechnology leads and public opinion follows. The chapter explains how ethical tensions are affected by each regulatory model, and suggests that regulatory models can change, by, for instance, moving from precautionary to conventional to accommodative.
Nature-identical outcomes, artificial processes: governance of CRISPR/cas genome editing as an ethical challenge.
Authors: Pirscher F. , Bartkowski B. , Theesfeld I. , Timaeus J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

This chapter provides a brief introduction to the CRISPR/Cas genome editing technology and introduces the critical concept of nature-identical genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It presents an outline of the current societal debate on regulating cisgenic plants created by means of CRISPR/Cas genome editing, with a particular focus on the European Union . It discusses the different value concepts and ethical tensions that lead to different perspectives on regulation and frames possible governance solutions that may help to balance those diverging values by highlighting governance-specific challenges . Finally, this chapter offers conclusions about how CRISPR/Cas genome editing gives rise to a set of ethical tensions that go well beyond previous debates surrounding GM crops, particularly by opening up a debate about a product vs process perspective, in both ethical and governance discourses.
Heterologous expression of geraniol dehydrogenase for identifying the metabolic pathways involved in the biotransformation of citral by Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5
Authors: Usami Atsushi , Ishikawa Masahito , Hori Katsutoshi 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The biotransformation of citral, an industrially important monoterpenoid, has been extensively studied using many microbial biocatalysts. However, the metabolic pathways involved in its biotransformation are still unclear, because citral is a mixture of the trans-isomer geranial and the cis-isomer neral. Here, we applied the heterologous expression of geoA, a gene encoding geraniol dehydrogenase that specifically converts geraniol to geranial and nerol to neral, to identify the metabolic pathways involved in the biotransformation of citral. Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 was employed in order to demonstrate the utility of this methodology. Tol 5 transformed citral to (1R,3R,4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-1,3-cyclohexanediol and geranic acid. Biotransformation of citral precursors (geraniol and nerol) by Tol 5 transformant cells expressing geoA revealed that these compounds were transformed specifically from geranial. Our methodology is expected to facilitate a better understanding of the metabolic pathways involved in the biotransformation of substrates that are unstable and include geometric isomers.
Enhanced Detection of Cervical Cancer and Precancer Through Use of Imaged Liquid-Based Cytology in Routine Cytology and HPV Cotesting
Authors: Austin R Marshall , Onisko Agnieszka , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesCervical screening strives to prevent cervical cancer (CxCa), minimizing morbidity and mortality. Most large US reports on cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) cotesting of women aged 30 years and older are from one laboratory, which used conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) smears from 2003 to 2009.MethodsWe quantified detection of CxCa and precancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3/adenocarcinoma in situ [CIN3/AIS]) in 300,800 cotests at Magee Womens Hospital since 2005. Screening histories preceding CxCa and CIN3/AIS diagnoses were examined to assess the contribution of cytology and HPV testing. Cotesting utilized Food and Drug Administration-approved imaged liquid-based cytology (LBC) and from-the-vial HPV tests.ResultsLBC identified more women subsequently diagnosed with CxCa and CIN3/AIS than HPV testing. HPV-negative/cytology-positive results preceded 13.1% of CxCa and 7.2% of CIN3/AIS diagnoses.ConclusionsLBC enhanced cotesting detection of CxCa and CIN3/AIS to a greater extent than previously reported with conventional Pap smear and HPV cotesting.
Superior-Based Transposition Flap: A Novel Technique in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Taş Süleyman 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The cephalic trimming of the lower lateral cartilage (LLC) is an attempt to reduce tip bulbosity; unfortunately, it has the potential to cause a pinched nose deformity and valve collapse.

Objectives
The author sought to use the superior-based transposition (ST) flap to reshape, relocalize, and reinforce the LLC as a support material for both internal and external valves with aesthetic corrections, leaving the scroll area untouched.

Methods
A total of 367 patients (female, 215; male, 152) were operated with the presented technique. The ST flap was simply used to prepare a cartilage flap based on the scroll area in the cephalic portion of the LLC, and then this flap was advanced over the remaining LLC. The data were evaluated retrospectively.

Results
Functionally, the ST flap was used to reshape and support the LLC and the internal valve by keeping the scroll intact and increasing the internal valve angle. The support and suspension of the LLC with this novel technique improve the functional results and prevent complications such as stenosis of both the external and internal valve angles. Aesthetically, the convexity and concavity of the LLC could be fixed with the adaptation of these two surfaces in different angles, thereby achieving a narrower, refined, and aesthetically pleasing tip.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the ST flap can be one of the main maneuvers performed during rhinoplasty for many purposes, such as reshaping and supporting the LLC, increasing the tip rotation, achieving more aesthetically pleasing tips, suspending the internal and external valves, and protecting the scroll area.

Level of Evidence: 4
Draft genome of Glyptosternon maculatum, an endemic fish from Tibet Plateau
Authors: Liu Haiping , Liu Qiyong , Chen Zhiqiang , Liu Yanchao , Zhou Chaowei , Liang Qiqi , Ma Caixia , Zhou Jianshe , Pan Yingzi , Chen Meiqun , Wangjiu  , Jiang Wenkai , Xiao Shijun , Mou Zhenbo 
Published: August 2018

Abstracts

Background
Mechanisms for high-altitude adaption have attracted widespread interest among evolutionary biologists. Several genome-wide studies have been carried out for endemic vertebrates in Tibet, including mammals, birds, and amphibians. However, little information is available about the adaptive evolution of highland fishes. Glyptosternon maculatum (Regan 1905), also known as Regan or barkley and endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, belongs to the Sisoridae family, order Siluriformes (catfishes). This species lives at an elevation ranging from roughly 2,800 m to 4,200 m. Hence, a high-quality reference genome of G. maculatum provides an opportunity to investigate high-altitude adaption mechanisms of fishes.

Findings
To obtain a high-quality reference genome sequence of G. maculatum, we combined Pacific Bioscience single-molecule real-time sequencing, Illumina paired-end sequencing, 10X Genomics linked-reads, and BioNano optical map techniques. In total, 603.99 Gb sequencing data were generated. The assembled genome was about 662.34 Mb with scaffold and contig N50 sizes of 20.90 Mb and 993.67 kb, respectively, which captured 83% complete and 3.9% partial vertebrate Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs. Repetitive elements account for 35.88% of the genome, and 22,066 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome, of which 91.7% have been functionally annotated.

Conclusions
We present the first comprehensive de novo genome of G. maculatum. This genetic resource is fundamental for investigating the origin of G. maculatum and will improve our understanding of high-altitude adaption of fishes. The assembled genome can also be used as reference for future population genetic studies of G. maculatum.
Dietary epicatechin improves survival and delays skeletal muscle degeneration in aged mice
Authors: Si Hongwei , Wang Xiaoyong , Zhang Longyun , Parnell Laurence D. , Ahmed Bulbul , LeRoith Tanya , Ansah Twum-Ampofo , Zhang Lijuan , Li Jianwei , Ordovás José M. , Si Hongzong , Liu Dongmin , Lai Chao-Qiang 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTWe recently reported that epicatechin, a bioactive compound that occurs naturally in various common foods, promoted general health and survival of obese diabetic mice. It remains to be determined whether epicatechin extends health span and delays the process of aging. In the present study, epicatechin or its analogue epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) (0.25% w/v in drinking water) was administered to 20‐mo‐old male C57BL mice fed a standard chow. The goal was to determine the antiaging effect. The results showed that supplementation with epicatechin for 37 wk strikingly increased the survival rate from 39 to 69%, whereas EGCG had no significant effect. Consistently, epicatechin improved physical activity, delayed degeneration of skeletal muscle (quadriceps), and shifted the profiles of the serum metabolites and skeletal muscle general mRNA expressions in aging mice toward the profiles observed in young mice. In particular, we found that dietary epicatechin significantly reversed age‐altered mRNA and protein expressions of extracellular matrix and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor pathways in skeletal muscle, and reversed the age‐induced declines of the nicotinate and nicotinamide pathway both in serum and skeletal muscle. The present study provides evidence that epicatechin supplementation can exert an antiaging effect, including an increase in survival, an attenuation of the aging‐related deterioration of skeletal muscles, and a protection against the aging‐related decline in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism.—Si, H., Wang, X., Zhang, L., Parnell, L. D., Ahmed, B., LeRoith, T., Ansah, T.‐A., Zhang, L., Li, J., Ordovás, J. M., Si, H., Liu, D., Lai, C.‐Q. Dietary epicatechin improves survival and delays skeletal muscle degeneration in aged mice. FASEB J. 33, 965–977 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Residual cyclooxygenase activity of aspirin‐acetylated COX‐2 forms 15R‐prostaglandins that inhibit platelet aggregation
Authors: Giménez-Bastida Juan A. , Boeglin William E. , Boutaud Olivier , Malkowski Michael G. , Schneider Claus 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTAspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) inhibits prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by transfer of its acetyl group to a serine residue in the cyclooxygenase (COX) active site. Acetylation of Ser530 inhibits catalysis by preventing access of arachidonic acid substrate in the COX‐1 isoenzyme. Acetylated COX‐2, in contrast, gains a new catalytic activity and forms 15R hydroxy‐eicosatetraenoic acid (15R‐HETE) as alternate product. Here we show that acetylated COX‐2 also retains COX activity, forming predominantly 15R‐configuration PGs (70 or 62% 15R, respectively, determined using radiolabeled substrate or LC‐MS analysis). Although the Km of arachidonic acid for acetylated COX‐2 was ~3‐fold lower than for uninhibited COX‐2, the catalytic efficiency for PG formation by the acetylated enzyme was reduced 10‐fold due to a concomitant decrease in Vmax. Aspirin increased 15R‐PGD2 but not 15R‐PGE2 in isolated human leukocytes activated with LPS to induce COX‐2.15R‐PGD2 inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by the thromboxane receptor agonist U46,619, and this effect was abrogated by an antagonist of the DPI prostanoid receptor. We conclude that acetylation of Ser530 in COX‐2 not only triggers formation of 15R‐HETE but also allows oxygenation and cyclization of arachidonic acid to a 15R‐PG endoperoxide. 15R‐PGs are novel products of aspirin therapy via acetylation of COX‐2 and may contribute to its antiplatelet and other pharmacologic effects.—Giménez‐Bastida, J. A., Boeglin, W. E., Boutaud, O., Malkowski, M. G., Schneider, C. Residual cyclooxygenase activity of aspirin‐acetylated COX‐2 forms 15R‐prostaglandins that inhibit platelet aggregation. FASEB J. 33, 1033–1041 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Support Issues and Nursing Doctoral Students’ Intent to Leave
Authors: Robinson Lisa Bridwell , Volkert Delene 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore, analyze, and describe nursing doctoral students' perceptions of factors that impacted them during their doctoral program. Answers to an open-ended question, in a national descriptive survey study of nursing doctoral students across the United States, were analyzed using Colaizzi procedural methods as a guideline. The content analysis identified issues unique to doctor of nursing practice (DNP) students that related to lack of clarity for the DNP degree and student concerns within academic settings. Recommendations include having DNP faculty on DNP project committees and standardization of guidelines to ensure rigor and consistency.
Opioid-related Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations Among Commercially Insured Individuals, 2009-2015
Authors: Kay Cynthia , Bernstein Joanne , Fergestrom Nicole , Jackson Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
Overall opioid prescribing rates have decreased since 2012, but opioid-involved deaths have not. This study describes the regional and overall trends of opioid-related emergency department visits (EDVs) and hospitalizations of commercially insured patients on chronic opioids and those on concurrent opioids and benzodiazepines.

Methods:
Secondary data analysis from Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (MarketScan) database from 2009 to 2015 was used. Outcomes were geographic rates of opioid-related EDVs and hospitalizations and rates of concurrent benzodiazepine and opioid use.

Results:
Rates of opioid-related EDVs and hospitalizations for patients on chronic opioids have decreased since 2009. Two thirds of those with opioid-related EDVs and nearly 3-quarters of those with an opioid-related hospitalization were coprescribed benzodiazepines. The North Central region had the highest proportion of individuals on chronic opioid therapy (2.7%) in 2015. However, the South had not only the highest rates of opioid-related EDVs (23/100,000 in 2015) and opioid-related hospitalizations (39/100,000 in 2015) but also the largest percentage of individuals on concurrent opioids and benzodiazepines (41%).

Discussion:
Rates of opioid-related EDVs and hospitalizations, as well as concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use, vary geographically. More research is needed to examine factors that impact regional variation and what influences the concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepines.