bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for ocean connectivity and hydroclimate in fish recruitment fluctuations within transboundary metapopulations
Authors: Hidalgo Manuel , Rossi Vincent , Monroy Pedro , Ser‐Giacomi Enrico , Hernández‐García Emilio , Guijarro Beatriz , Massutí Enric , Alemany Francisco , Jadaud Angelique , Perez José Luis , Reglero Patricia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMarine resources stewardships are progressively becoming more receptive to an effective incorporation of both ecosystem and environmental complexities into the analytical frameworks of fisheries assessment. Understanding and predicting marine fish production for spatially and demographically complex populations in changing environmental conditions is however still a difficult task. Indeed, fisheries assessment is mostly based on deterministic models that lack realistic parameterizations of the intricate biological and physical processes shaping recruitment, a cornerstone in population dynamics. We use here a large metapopulation of a harvested fish, the European hake (Merluccius merluccius), managed across transnational boundaries in the northwestern Mediterranean, to model fish recruitment dynamics in terms of physics‐dependent drivers related to dispersal and survival. The connectivity among nearby subpopulations is evaluated by simulating multi‐annual Lagrangian indices of larval retention, imports, and self‐recruitment. Along with a proxy of the regional hydroclimate influencing early life stages survival, we then statistically determine the relative contribution of dispersal and hydroclimate for recruitment across contiguous management units. We show that inter‐annual variability of recruitment is well reproduced by hydroclimatic influences and synthetic connectivity estimates. Self‐recruitment (i.e., the ratio of retained locally produced larvae to the total number of incoming larvae) is the most powerful metric as it integrates the roles of retained local recruits and immigrants from surrounding subpopulations and is able to capture circulation patterns affecting recruitment at the scale of management units. We also reveal that the climatic impact on recruitment is spatially structured at regional scale due to contrasting biophysical processes not related to dispersal. Self‐recruitment calculated for each management unit explains between 19% and 32.9% of the variance of recruitment variability, that is much larger than the one explained by spawning stock biomass alone, supporting an increase of consideration of connectivity processes into stocks assessment. By acknowledging the structural and ecological complexity of marine populations, this study provides the scientific basis to link spatial management and temporal assessment within large marine metapopulations. Our results suggest that fisheries management could be improved by combining information of physical oceanography (from observing systems and operational models), opening new opportunities such as the development of short‐term projections and dynamic spatial management.
Distribution of Experimentally Added Selenium in a Boreal Lake Ecosystem
Authors: Graves Stephanie D. , Liber Karsten , Palace Vince , Hecker Markus , Doig Lorne E. , Janz David M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Human activities have increased the release of selenium (Se) to aquatic environments, but information about the trophic transfer dynamics of Se in Canadian boreal lake systems is limited. In the present study, Se was added as selenite to limnocorrals (2-m-diameter, 3000-L in situ enclosures) in a boreal lake in northwestern Ontario to reach nominal concentrations of 1 and 10 µg Se/L in triplicate each for 77 d, and 3 additional limnocorrals were controls with no Se added. Total Se concentrations were determined in water, sediment, periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, and reproductively mature female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas; added on day 33) collected throughout (and at the end of) the exposure period. Mean measured water Se concentrations in the control, 1-, and 10-µg/L treatments were 0.12, 1.0, and 8.9 µg/L. At the end of exposure (day 77), enrichment functions ranged from 7772 L/kg dry mass in the 8.9-µg/L treatment to 23 495 L/kg dry mass in the 0.12-µg/L treatment, and trophic transfer factors for benthic macroinvertebrates ranged from 0.49 for Gammaridae to 2.3 for Chironomidae. Selenium accumulated in fathead minnow ovaries to concentrations near or above the current US Environmental Protection Agency criterion (15.1 µg/g dry mass for fish ovary/egg) in the 1.0- and 8.9-µg/L treatments, suggesting that, depending on aqueous Se speciation, such exposures have the potential to cause Se accumulation in fish to levels of concern in cold-water, boreal lake systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1954–1966. © 2019 SETAC.
Interactions of resveratrol with other phenolics and activity against food‐borne pathogens
Authors: Skroza Danijela , Šimat Vida , Smole Možina Sonja , Katalinić Višnja , Boban Nataša , Generalić Mekinić Ivana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of individual phenolics and their binary mixtures with resveratrol against selected food‐borne pathogens. The antibacterial activity was quantified using the broth microdilution method by the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Interactions between compounds in the binary phenolic mixtures were determined by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). The influence of the number of OH groups in the phenols’ structure on their antibacterial activity was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA). The most effective compounds were flavone luteolin and flavonol rutin, while the weakest antimicrobial activity was observed for phenolic acid and flavan‐3‐ols (catechin and epicatechin). The synergistic effect (FICI ≤0.5) of equimolar mixture of resveratrol with kaempferol was confirmed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli, while the mixture of rutin with resveratrol proved synergistic only against S. aureus. The increasing concentrations of resveratrol in the mixtures with kaempferol and rutin resulted in a loss of synergism which indicates that only selected phenolic mixtures, with optimal concentrations of their individual components, result in synergistic antibacterial activity. We did not find an association between total number of OH groups and antibacterial activity of either individual phenolics or their mixtures.
Spatiotemporal variability in hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater in a small pre‐alpine catchment: The importance of landscape elements
Authors: Kiewiet Leonie , von Freyberg Jana , van Meerveld H.J. (Ilja) 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTopography and landscape characteristics affect the storage and release of water and, thus, groundwater dynamics and chemistry. Quantification of catchment scale variability in groundwater chemistry and groundwater dynamics may therefore help to delineate different groundwater types and improve our understanding of which parts of the catchment contribute to streamflow. We sampled shallow groundwater from 34 to 47 wells and streamflow at seven locations in a 20‐ha steep mountainous catchment in the Swiss pre‐Alps, during nine baseflow snapshot campaigns. The spatial variability in electrical conductivity, stable water isotopic composition, and major and trace ion concentrations was large and for almost all parameters larger than the temporal variability. Concentrations of copper, zinc, and lead were highest at sites that were relatively dry, whereas concentrations of manganese and iron were highest at sites that had persistent shallow groundwater levels. The major cation and anion concentrations were only weakly correlated to individual topographic or hydrodynamic characteristics. However, we could distinguish four shallow groundwater types based on differences from the catchment average concentrations: riparian zone‐like groundwater, hillslopes and areas with small upslope contributing areas, deeper groundwater, and sites characterized by high magnesium and sulfate concentrations that likely reflect different bedrock material. Baseflow was not an equal mixture of the different groundwater types. For the majority of the campaigns, baseflow chemistry most strongly resembled riparian‐like groundwater for all but one subcatchment. However, the similarity to the hillslope‐type groundwater was larger shortly after snowmelt, reflecting differences in hydrologic connectivity. We expect that similar groundwater types can be found in other catchments with steep hillslopes and wet areas with shallow groundwater levels and recommend sampling of groundwater from all landscape elements to understand groundwater chemistry and groundwater contributions to streamflow.
Laparoscopic‐assisted surgery for liposarcoma of the spermatic cord extending to the retroperitoneal cavity through the internal inguinal ring
Authors: Ochi Atsuhiko , Toki Sari , Vanichakarn Dollacha , Suzuki Koichiro , Kitagawa Yasuhide , Abe Hirokazu 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionLiposarcoma of the spermatic cord is a rare disease, reportedly treated with radical high orchiectomy. However, laparoscopic‐assisted surgery for spermatic cord liposarcoma extending to the retroperitoneal cavity through the internal inguinal ring has not yet been reported.Case presentationA 78‐year‐old man had a spermatic cord tumor that extended to the retroperitoneal cavity through the internal inguinal ring and invaded the abdominal wall muscles. We performed laparoscopic‐assisted surgery and successfully separated the tumor from the contiguous organs and vessels. The tumor was resected en bloc with abdominal wall muscles, and a muscular defect was repaired with a left tensor fascia lata muscle flap. Pathological analysis revealed a well‐differentiated liposarcoma with negative surgical margins. There was no recurrence at 1 year post‐surgery.ConclusionLaparoscopic‐assisted surgery is a feasible and minimally invasive procedure for treating liposarcoma of the spermatic cord extending to the retroperitoneal cavity through the internal inguinal ring.
Low‐dimensional nanomaterial/Si heterostructure‐based photodetectors
Authors: Tian Wei , Sun Haoxuan , Chen Liang , Wangyang Peihua , Chen Xinrui , Xiong Jie , Li Liang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDue to its excellent electrical and optical features, silicon (Si) is highly attractive for photodetector applications. The design and fabrication of low‐dimensional semiconductor/Si hybrid heterostructures provide a great platform for fabricating high‐performance photodetectors, thereby overcoming the inherent limitations of Si. This review focuses on state‐of‐the‐art Si heterostructure‐based photodetectors. It starts with the introduction of three different device configurations, that is, photoconductors, photodiodes, and phototransistors. Their working mechanisms and relative pros and cons are introduced, and the figures of merit of photodetectors are summarized. Then, we discuss the device physics/design, photodetection performance, and optimization strategies for Si‐based photodetectors. Finally, future challenges in the photodetector applications of Si‐based hybrid heterostructures are discussed.
The Afsluitdijk as a Complex System
Authors: Vogt Berber 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe Netherlands government authorized the Afsluitdijk (enclosure dam) in 1918 and the structure was completed in 1932. The objective was to provide better protection of the hinterland against flooding and to reclaim new land from the sea. The damming of the Zuiderzee by the Afsluitdijk created a freshwater reservoir and enabled a traffic connection between the provinces of North Holland and Friesland. Environmental protection and sustainability factors increased in importance the over years as a result of climate change. One critical objective is guaranteeing the safety of the hinterland (keeping our feet dry). In order to achieve this objective, the Afsluitdijk as a system needs to have the right capabilities and the corresponding functions to be able to protect the hinterland. In order to bring the various stakeholders on board, we use a model known as strategic environmental management (SEM, Dutch: SOM) that involves stakeholders at the outset of a project and we perform a stakeholder/environmental analysis to gather information about the various needs. The Rijkswaterstaat (the Directorate‐General for Public Works and Water Management) then carries out a prioritization process to determine the needs to be included in the on‐site development of the system.
Parthenolide regulates oxidative stress‐induced mitophagy and suppresses apoptosis through p53 signaling pathway in C2C12 myoblasts
Authors: Ren Yinghui , Li Yan , Lv Jienv , Guo Xiangdong , Zhang Jieyou , Zhou Dongmei , Zhang Zimu , Xue Zhenyi , Yang Guangze , Xi Qing , Liu Hongkun , Liu Zehan , Zhang Lijuan , Zhang Qi , Yao Zhi , Zhang Rongxin , Da Yurong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMuscle redox disturbances and oxidative stress have emerged as a common pathogenetic mechanism and potential therapeutic intervention in some muscle diseases. Parthenolide (PTL), a sesquiterpene lactone found in large amounts in the leaves of feverfew, possesses anti‐inflammatory, anti‐migraine, and anticancer properties. Although PTL was reported to alleviate cancer cachexia and improve skeletal muscle characteristics in a cancer cachexia model, its actions on oxidative stress‐induced damage in C2C12 myoblasts have not been reported and the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been defined. In our study, PTL attenuated H2O2‐induced growth inhibition and morphological changes. Furthermore, PTL exhibited scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species and protected C2C12 cells from apoptosis in response to H2O2. Meanwhile, PTL suppressed collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby contributing to normalizing H2O2‐induced autophagy flux and mitophagy, correlating with inhibiting degradation of mitochondrial marker protein TIM23, the increase in LC3‐II expression and the reduction of mitochondria DNA. Besides its protective effect on mitochondria, PTL also prevented H2O2‐induced lysosomes damage in C2C12 cells. In addition, the phosphorylation of p53, cathepsin B, and Bax/Bcl‐2 protein levels, and the translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria induced by H2O2 in C2C12 cells was significantly reduced by PTL. In conclusion, PTL modulates oxidative stress‐induced mitophagy and protects C2C12 myoblasts against apoptosis, suggesting a potential protective effect against oxidative stress‐associated skeletal muscle diseases.
Evaluation of factors associated with complications in amoebic liver abscess in a predominantly toddy‐drinking population: A retrospective study of 198 cases
Authors: Jha Ashish K , Jha Praveen , Chaudhary Madhur , Purkayastha Shubham , Jha Sanjeev K , Ranjan Ravish , Priyadarshi Rajeev N , Kumar Ramesh 
Published: May 2019

Background and AimAlthough the mortality rate has declined in recent years, amoebic liver abscesses (ALAs) still carry a substantial risk of morbidity. Studies regarding the indicators of severity, complication, or prognosis of ALA are limited in number and heterogeneous in methodology and results.MethodsClinicodemographic profile, therapeutic modalities, and outcomes of indoor ALA patients admitted between January 2016 and October 2017 were analyzed. An analysis of possible prognostic factors associated with complications and interventional therapy in patients with ALA was performed retrospectively.ResultsData of 198 patients with ALA (mean age: 45 ± 12.1; M:F ratio: 193:5) were analyzed. The volume of abscess (503.1 ± 391.2: 300.2 ± 305.8 mL), elevated liver enzymes, and duration of hospital stay (11.98 ± 5.75): 10.23 ± 4.1 days) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in alcoholic, compared to nonalcoholic, individuals. On univariate analysis, older age, duration of alcohol consumption, smoking, leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, and a larger volume of abscess were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with complications. On multivariate analysis, older age, duration of alcohol consumption, smoking, leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hyponatremia were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) associated with complications. Male gender, hypoalbuminemia, and larger volume of abscess were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with interventional treatment.ConclusionOlder age, leukocytosis, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, chronic alcoholism, and smoking are independent factors significantly associated with complications in patients with ALA. Hypoalbuminemia, larger volume of abscess, and male gender are independent variables associated with the requirement of interventional therapy.
Cocaine use modifies the association between antiretroviral therapy and endothelial dysfunction among adults with HIV infection
Authors: Li Ji , Lai Hong , Chen Shaoguang , Kickler Thomas , Lai Shenghan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCocaine is commonly used among HIV‐infected people and may worsen HIV disease progression. In addition, existing evidence suggests a link between antiretroviral regimens and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to examine whether the associations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens with endothelial dysfunction may be modified by cocaine use in adults with HIV infection. Between 2003 and 2014, 466 HIV‐positive participants residing in Baltimore, Maryland, were enrolled in a study investigating comorbidities associated with HIV/ART. The associations between various risk factors and endothelial dysfunction indicators were examined by robust regression models fitted for the overall subjects and cocaine subgroups, separately. Duration of nonnucleoside reverse‐transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based therapy was negatively associated with plasma vWF:Ag levels in cocaine non‐users (β = −.715, SE = .220, P < .05). However, cocaine users on longer‐term NNRTI‐based regimens had greater plasma endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) concentrations than their counterparts (β = .003, SE = .001, P < .05). In addition, current cigarette smoking was significantly positively associated with ET‐1 concentrations in both cocaine non‐users (β = .609, SE = .164, P < .05) and cocaine users (β = .331, SE = .086, P < .05). In conclusion, cocaine use modified the potential effects of NNRTI‐based therapy on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. These findings suggested that reduction in cocaine use may improve endothelial function in HIV‐infected cocaine users.
Cubic lattice‐based spherical uniaxial perfectly matched layer for the FDTD method
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Mengjun , Cui Wenjie , Liu Ruipeng , Zheng Hongxing , Li Er‐Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn order to reduce the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) computational area efficiently, we established spherical uniaxial perfectly matched layer (S‐UPML) with regular Yee's lattices in the Cartesian coordinate system. The boundary performed as a curved profile but is constructed with regular hexahedron cells in three‐dimensional (3‐D) and with regular quadrilateral cells in two‐dimensional (2‐D) condition. Although the S‐UPML's curvilinear outline is approximated by standard meshes, it still maintains the same performance as the orthodox methods. After it is used for absorbing outgoing wave, the computational FDTD lattices are reduced about a half and a quarter in 3‐D and 2‐D, respectively, in contrast with the conventional Cartesian boundaries. We introduce the radial components to basic formulations of the S‐UPML and facilitate the update coefficients of iterative equations. Its suitable thickness is a key parameter to guarantee the performance and is determined through balancing the efficiency and maximum reflection error level. Several numerical trials are implemented to verify the practicability of the proposed boundary in two dimensions. Results show its suitability and the higher efficiency than conventional cubic boundary.
Assessment of ECMWF reanalysis data in complex terrain: Can the CERA‐20C and ERA‐Interim data sets replicate the variation in surface air temperatures over Sichuan, China?
Authors: Luo Haolin , Ge Fei , Yang Kangquan , Zhu Shoupeng , Peng Ting , Cai Wenyue , Liu Xiaoran , Tang Weiwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurface air temperatures (SATs) derived from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA‐Interim and CERA‐20C reanalysis data sets are compared with data from 43 observation stations in Sichuan for 1979–2010. The results show (a) the temperatures from the ERA‐Interim and CERA‐20C data sets are strongly correlated with those from the observation stations, although significant cold biases are seen on both annual and seasonal timescales. (b) The biases in SATs are predominately influenced by the differences between the actual topography and the topography used in the reanalysis models. Larger differences in temperature are observed in the plateau and mountainous regions of Sichuan. We confirmed larger SAT biases at high altitudes by categorizing the elevation into four bands, each with a spacing of 1,000 m. (c) We reduced the biases resulting from elevation by using an elevation correction method with internal lapse rates derived from different reanalysis pressure levels. The annual mean bias was reduced from −2.86 to −0.75°C for the ERA‐Interim data set and from −5.27 to −2.21°C for the CERA‐20C data set. After calibration, the correlation coefficients between the difference in SAT (observed minus reanalysis data) and the difference in elevation (station elevation minus model elevation) decreased from −0.97 and −0.91 to −0.29 and −0.30 for the ERA‐Interim and CERA‐20C data sets, respectively. These significant differences should not be ignored in the application of reanalysis data sets to climate research. The evaluation and calibration of reanalysis data sets are essential before making assessments of regional climate change, especially over regions with complex topography.
Previous Damage Accumulation Can Influence Femoral Fracture Strength: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Haider Ifaz T. , Frei Hanspeter 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTTo manage osteoporotic hip fracture risk, it is necessary to understand failure mechanisms of bone at both the material and organ level. The structural response of bone is dependent on load history. Repeated loading causes progressive microstructural cracking, resulting in reduced apparent‐level stiffness and, if damage is significant, reductions to peak load bearing capability. However, the effect of previous damage accumulation has not been well explored at the organ level. It was hypothesized that femoral fracture load and fracture pattern may be sensitive to damage accumulation from previous loading events. Six cadaveric specimens were used to develop patient specific finite element (FE) models from quantitative tomographic (qCT) scans. Material properties were assigned from qCT intensity at each element location, and damage evolution was predicted using a previously validated quasi‐brittle FE model. Three scenarios were investigated: stumble followed by another stumble (S‐S), fall followed by another fall (F‐F), and stumble followed by a fall (S‐F). Fracture load and pattern were compared to FE predictions for a single stumble (S) or single fall (F) loading event. Most specimens were resilient to accumulated damage, showing little (<5%) change in fracture load from the multiple‐load scenarios (S‐S, F‐F, and S‐F) compared to an equivalent single load scenario (S or F). Only one specimen demonstrated moderate (5–15%) reductions in strength from all three multiple‐load scenarios. However, two specimens experienced moderate (20–30%) increase in fracture load in some load cases. In these cases, initial damage caused the load to be more evenly distributed upon subsequent loading events. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2197–2203, 2019