bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Longitudinal Study of Thyroid Markers Across Pregnancy and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Rawal Shristi , Tsai Michael Y , Hinkle Stefanie N , Zhu Yeyi , Bao Wei , Lin Yuan , Panuganti Pranati , Albert Paul S , Ma Ronald C W , Zhang Cuilin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractContextT3 is the biologically active thyroid hormone involved in glucose metabolism. The free T3 (fT3)/free T4 (fT4) ratio, a marker indicating conversion of fT4 to fT3, is also implicated in glucose homeostasis.ObjectiveTo examine associations of fT3 and the fT3/fT4 ratio with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).DesignIn a case-control study, thyroid markers (fT3, fT4, TSH) were measured and the fT3/fT4 ratio was derived across four visits in pregnancy, including first (gestational weeks 10 to 14) and second (weeks 15 to 26) trimester. Conditional logistic regression adjusting for thyroid autoimmunity status and major GDM risk factors estimated trimester-specific associations of thyroid markers with subsequent GDM risk.SettingTwelve US clinical centers.ParticipantsOne hundred seven GDM cases and 214 non-GDM controls from a multiracial pregnancy cohort of 2802 women.Main Outcome MeasuresGDM diagnosis ascertained from medical records.ResultsBoth fT3 and the fT3/fT4 ratio were positively associated with GDM: adjusted OR (95% CI) comparing the highest vs lowest fT3 quartile was 4.25 (1.67, 10.80) at the first trimester and 3.89 (1.50, 10.10) at the second trimester. Similarly, the corresponding risk estimates for the fT3/fT4 ratio were 8.63 (2.87, 26.00) and 13.60 (3.97, 46.30) at the first and second trimester, respectively. Neither TSH nor fT4 was significantly associated with GDM.ConclusionsHigher fT3 levels, potentially resulting from de novo synthesis or increased fT4 to fT3 conversion, may be an indicator of GDM risk starting early in pregnancy.
Ectopic Lipid Deposition Is Associated With Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Abildgaard Julie , Danielsen Else Rubaek , Dorph Emma , Thomsen Carsten , Juul Anders , Ewertsen Caroline , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Pedersen Anette Tønnes , Ploug Thorkil , Lindegaard Birgitte 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Context
Menopause is associated with an increased incidence of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the lipid deposition in liver and skeletal muscle and investigate the association with insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal and premenopausal women.

Design and Setting
Single-center cross-sectional study of 55 healthy women between 45 and 60 years of age. We measured lipid deposition in the liver with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, intramuscular and intra-abdominal lipid deposition with MRI, body composition with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, and insulin sensitivity with the composite Matsuda Index.

Outcome Measures
We studied the association between fat distribution, ectopic lipid deposition, and insulin sensitivity in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Results
Postmenopausal women had an increased lipid deposition in the liver [0.68% (0.44 to 0.99) vs 0.49% (0.38 to 0.64), P = 0.01] and skeletal muscle [3% (2 to 4) vs 2% (1 to 3), P = 0.001] and had a 28% lower Matsuda insulin sensitivity index during an oral glucose tolerance test (6.31 ± 3.48 vs 8.78 ± 4.67, P = 0.05) compared with premenopausal women. Total fat mass and leg fat mass were stronger predictors of ectopic lipid deposition, and visceral fat mass was a stronger predictor of both ectopic lipid deposition and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women.

Conclusions
For a given subcutaneous and visceral fat depot size, postmenopausal women show increased ectopic lipid deposition and insulin resistance compared with premenopausal women. It is suggested that lipid deposition in liver and skeletal muscle may represent important mechanistic links between the changes in fat depots and the increased incidence of insulin resistance seen after menopause.
Intraoperative Hemodynamic and Echocardiographic Measurements Associated With Severe Right Ventricular Failure After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Gudejko Michael D. , Gebhardt Brian R. , Zahedi Farhad , Jain Ankit , Breeze Janis L. , Lawrence Matthew R. , Shernan Stanton K. , Kapur Navin K. , Kiernan Michael S. , Couper Greg , Cobey Frederick C. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
Severe right ventricular failure (RVF) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation increases morbidity and mortality. We investigated the association between intraoperative right heart hemodynamic data, echocardiographic parameters, and severe versus nonsevere RVF.

METHODS:
A review of LVAD patients between March 2013 and March 2016 was performed. Severe RVF was defined by the need for a right ventricular mechanical support device, inotropic, and/or inhaled pulmonary vasodilator requirements for >14 days. From a chart review, the right ventricular failure risk score was calculated and right heart hemodynamic data were collected. Pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PAPi) [(pulmonary artery systolic pressure − pulmonary artery diastolic pressure)/central venous pressure (CVP)] was calculated for 2 periods: (1) 30 minutes before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and (2) after chest closure. Echocardiographic data were recorded pre-CPB and post-CPB by a blinded reviewer. Univariate logistic regression models were used to examine the performance of hemodynamic and echocardiographic metrics.

RESULTS:
A total of 110 LVAD patients were identified. Twenty-five did not meet criteria for RVF. Of the remaining 85 patients, 28 (33%) met criteria for severe RVF. Hemodynamic factors associated with severe RVF included: higher CVP values after chest closure (18 ± 9 vs 13 ± 5 mm Hg; P = .0008) in addition to lower PAPi pre-CPB (1.2 ± 0.6 vs 1.7 ± 1.0; P = .04) and after chest closure (0.9 ± 0.5 vs 1.5 ± 0.8; P = .0008). Post-CPB echocardiographic findings associated with severe RVF included: larger right atrial diameter major axis (5.4 ± 0.9 vs 4.9 ± 1.0 cm; P = .03), larger right ventricle end-systolic area (22.6 ± 8.4 vs 18.5 ± 7.9 cm2; P = .03), lower fractional area of change (20.2 ± 10.8 vs 25.9 ± 12.6; P = .04), and lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (0.9 ± 0.2 vs 1.1 ± 0.3 cm; P = .008). Right ventricular failure risk score was not a significant predictor of severe RVF. Post-chest closure CVP and post-chest closure PAPi discriminated severe from nonsevere RVF better than other variables measured, each with an area under the curve of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.64–0.86).

CONCLUSIONS:
Post-chest closure values of CVP and PAPi were significantly associated with severe RVF. Echocardiographic assessment of RV function post-CPB was weakly associated with severe RVF.
“Flesh-to-Flesh Contact”: Marvel Comics’ Rogue and the Queer Feminist Imagination
Authors: D’Agostino Anthony Michael 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The X-Men’s Rogue’s ability to absorb the powers and personality of others through “flesh-to-flesh contact” presents an affective figure for the queer potential of the X-Men’s metaphor of mutancy as difference. Close readings of Rogue’s first appearance, Avengers Annual #10, and the end of her first major character arc, Uncanny X-Men #185, reveal that this affective figure for queerness is variable and derived from X-Men writer Chris Claremont’s ongoing engagement with feminist politics and theory.
“The Lesbian Norman Rockwell”: Alison Bechdel and Queer Grassroots Networks
Authors: Galvan Margaret 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlison Bechdel’s renown has been building since the success of Fun Home (2006). While scholars have focused on her contemporary production, her comics work within grassroots periodicals, including her long-running strip, Dykes to Watch Out For (1983–2008), has received comparatively little attention. By focusing on the grassroots context of DTWOF, this essay demonstrates how Bechdel’s participation in grassroots periodicals shaped her work. Through the development of new reading practices and the notion of queer comics archives, I show how queer communities influenced Bechdel’s visual rhetoric in the pages of WomaNews, the grassroots periodical where Bechdel first published her work and participated as a member of the collective. Informed by archival research, this analysis embraces grassroots contexts as an overlooked venue for exploring queer histories and tracing the development of queer comics.
Plasmodesmata at a glance
Authors: Sager Ross E. , Lee Jung-Youn 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
Plasmodesmata are cytoplasmic communication channels that are vital for the physiology and development of all plants. They facilitate the intercellular movement of various cargos – ranging from small molecules, such as sugars, ions and other essential nutrients and chemicals, to large complex molecules, such as proteins and different types of RNA species – by bridging neighboring cells across their cell walls. Structurally, an individual channel consists of the cytoplasmic sleeve that is formed between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane leaflets. Plasmodesmata are highly versatile channels; they vary in number and structure, and undergo constant adjustments to their permeability in response to many internal and external cues. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we provide an overview of plasmodesmata form and function, with highlights on their development and variation, associated components and mobile factors. In addition, we present methodologies that are currently used to study plasmodesmata-mediated intercellular communication.
The experiences and perceptions of personhood for people living with dementia: A qualitative evidence synthesis protocol
Authors: Hennelly Niamh , Cooney Adeline , Houghton Catherine , O'Shea Eamon 
Published: June 2018

Background:Personhood in dementia is concerned with treating people living with dementia with dignity and respect, in a manner that supports their sense of self. It focuses on treating the person living with dementia as a person first and foremost. Supporting personhood in dementia is the key goal of person-centred care. Existing qualitative research examines what personhood means to the person living with dementia and explores what is important to their personhood and sense of self. However, to date little work has focused on synthesising these studies.Methods: This is a protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis of personhood in dementia. The review examines qualitative peer-reviewed research of the perspectives and experiences of personhood for people living with dementia. A systematic search will be carried out on eight electronic databases and supplemented by other purposeful literature search methods. Title and abstract screening, and full text screening will be carried out by two authors independently. Included studies will be critically appraised. Thematic synthesis will be conducted on all of the included studies. Confidence in the review findings will be assessed using GRADE CERQual.Discussion:The findings from this synthesis will be useful to health care providers and policy makers seeking to understand what personhood means for people living with dementia. The findings will also inform optimal service provision, as well as outcome measures in dementia.PROSPERO registration:CRD42017076114(21/11/2017)
Evidence of Upcoding in Pay-for-Performance Programs
Authors: Bastani Hamsa , Goh Joel , Bayati Mohsen 
Published: June 2018

Recent Medicare legislation seeks to improve patient care quality by financially penalizing providers for hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). However, Medicare cannot directly monitor HAI rates and instead relies on providers accurately self-reporting HAIs in claims to correctly assess penalties. Consequently, the incentives for providers to improve service quality may disappear if providers upcode, i.e., misreport HAIs (possibly unintentionally) in a manner that increases reimbursement or avoids financial penalties. Identifying upcoding in claims data is challenging because of unobservable confounders (e.g., patient risk). We leverage state-level variations in adverse event reporting regulations and instrumental variables to discover contradictions in HAI and present-on-admission (POA) infection reporting rates that are strongly suggestive of upcoding. We conservatively estimate that 10,000 out of 60,000 annual reimbursed claims for POA infections (18.5%) were upcoded HAIs, costing Medicare $200 million. Our findings suggest that self-reported quality metrics are unreliable and, thus, that recent legislation may result in unintended consequences. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2996 . This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Organizational Module Design and Architectural Inertia: Evidence from Structural Recombination of Business Divisions
Authors: Albert Daniel 
Published: June 2018

The modular organization has been found to be particularly effective in exploring and adapting to changing environments. One powerful means of exploration has been argued to be structural recombination—that is, the splitting and merging of modules. Once undertaken, structural recombination can lead to novel architectural opportunities that enable greater innovation and long-term performance. However, little research exists that explores whether and to what extent a focal module may be readily available for recombinatory opportunities in the first place. In this paper, I investigate the design hierarchy choices related to visibility and information hiding in organizational module designs (i.e., business divisions). In a longitudinal sample of 222 divisions in 18 of the largest European universal banks, I find support for modularity-informed predictions in which visibility and information hiding affect module recombination decisions. In a post hoc analysis, I explore a complementary theoretical explanation of divisions and subunits engaging in political influence. The post hoc results suggest the existence of both a design and a politics component in recombination efforts. I therefore propose that in an organizational context, integrating a political lens into the modularity framework may be of great value in deepening our understanding of how reorganization decisions come about.The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1210 .
Long-term outcomes following the medial approach for open reduction of the hip in children with developmental dysplasia
Authors: Pollet V. , Van Dijk L. , Reijman M. , Castelein R. M. C. , Sakkers R. J. B. 
Published: June 2018

Aims Open reduction is required following failed conservative treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The Ludloff medial approach is commonly used, but poor results have been reported, with rates of the development of avascular necrosis (AVN) varying between 8% and 54%. This retrospective cohort study evaluates the long-term radiographic and clinical outcome of dislocated hips treated using this approach. Patients and Methods Children with a dislocated hip, younger than one year of age at the time of surgery, who were treated using a medial approach were eligible for the study. Radiographs were evaluated for the degree of dislocation and the presence of an ossific nucleus preoperatively, and for the degree of AVN and residual dysplasia at one and five years and at a mean of 12.7 years (4.6 to 20.8) postoperatively. Radiographic outcome was assessed using the Severin classification, after five years of age. Further surgical procedures were recorded. Functional outcome was assessed using the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) or the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), depending on the patient’s age. Results A total of 52 children (58 hips) were included. At the latest follow-up, 11 hips (19%) showed signs of AVN. Further surgery was undertaken in 13 hips (22%). A total of 13 hips had a poor radiological outcome with Severin type III or higher. Of these, the age at the time of surgery was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in those with a good Severin type (I or II). The patient-reported outcomes were significantly worse (p < 0.05) in children with a poor Severin classification. Conclusion This retrospective long-term follow-up study shows that one in five children with DDH who undergo open reduction using a medial surgical approach has poor clinical and/or radiological outcome. The poor outcome is not related to the presence of AVN (19%), but due to residual dysplasia. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:822–7.
Position of the greater trochanter and functional femoral antetorsion
Authors: Batailler C. , Weidner J. , Wyatt M. , Dalmay F. , Beck M. 
Published: June 2018

AimsThe primary aim of this study was to define and quantify three new measurements to indicate the position of the greater trochanter. Secondary aims were to define ‘functional antetorsion’ as it relates to abductor function in populations both with and without torsional abnormality.Patients and MethodsThree new measurements, functional antetorsion, posterior tilt, and posterior translation of the greater trochanter, were assessed from 61 CT scans of cadaveric femurs, and their reliability determined. These measurements and their relationships were also evaluated in three groups of patients: a control group (n = 22), a ‘high-antetorsion’ group (n = 22) and a ‘low-antetorsion’ group (n = 10).ResultsIn the cadaver group, the mean anatomical antetorsion was 14.7° (sd 8.5; 0 to 36.5) and the functional antetorsion 21.5° (sd 8.1; 3.6 to 44.3): the posterior tilt was 73.3° (sd 10.8; 46.9 to 88.7) and the posterior translation 0.59 (sd 0.2; 0.2 to 0.9). These measurements had excellent intra and interobserver agreement with a range from 0.93 to 0.99. When the anatomical antetorsion decreased, the greater trochanter was more tilted and translated posteriorly in relation to the axis of the femoral neck, and the difference between functional and anatomical antetorsion increased. The results the three patient groups were similar to those of the cadaver group.ConclusionThe position of the greater trochanter and functional antetorsion varied with anatomical antetorsion. In the surgical management of femoral retrotorsion, subtrochanteric osteotomy can result in an excessively posterior position of the greater trochanter and an increase in functional antetorsion. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:712–19.
Fractures and the increased risk of suicide
Authors: Chang C-F. , Lai E. C-C. , Yeh M-K. 
Published: June 2018

AimsA high rate of suicide has been reported in patients who sustain fractures, but the association remains uncertain in the context of other factors. The aim of this study was to examine the association between fractures and the risk of suicide in this contextual setting.Patients and MethodsWe performed a case-control study of patients aged 40 years or older who died by suicide between 2000 and 2011. We included patients’ demographics, physical and mental health problems, and socioeconomic factors. We performed conditional logistic regression to evaluate the associations between fractures and the risk of suicide.ResultsWe included a total of 34 794 patients who died by suicide and 139 176 control patients. We found that fractures as a homogenous group (adjusted odds ratios (aOR), 1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43 to 1.53), and specifically pelvic (aOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.68 to 2.47) and spinal fractures (aOR 1.53; 95% CI 1.43 to 1.64), were associated with a higher risk of suicide. In addition, we found that patients who had a lower income, had never married, had lower levels of educational attainment, or had coexistent physical and mental conditions such as anxiety, mood disorders, and psychosis-related disorders had a higher risk of suicide.ConclusionFractures, specifically those of the hip and spine, were associated with an increased risk of suicide. The findings suggest that greater clinical attention should be given to this risk in patients with fractures, especially for those with additional risk factors. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:780–6.
Neonatal screening and selective sonographic imaging in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Choudry Q. A. , Paton R. W. 
Published: June 2018

Aims The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the neonatal hip instability screening programme. Patients and Methods The study involved a four-year observational assessment of a neonatal hip screening programme. All newborns were examined using the Barlow or Ortolani manoeuvre within 72 hours of birth; those with positive findings were referred to a ‘one-stop’ screening clinic for clinical and sonographic assessment of the hip. The results were compared with previous published studies from this unit. Results A total of 124 newborns with a positive Barlow or Ortolani manoeuvre, clunk positive, or ‘unstable’ were referred. Five were found to have clinical instability of the hip. Sonographically, 92 newborns had Graf Type I hips, 12 had Graf Type II hips, and 20 had Graf Type IV hips. The positive predictive value (PPV) of clinical screening was 4.0% and the PPV of sonography was 16.1%. This has led to an increased rate of surgery for DDH. Conclusion Compared with previously published ten-year and 15-year studies, there has been a marked deterioration in the PPV in those referred with potential instability of the hip. There appears to be a paradox, with rising referrals and a decreasing PPV combined with an increasing rate of surgery in newborns with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:806–10.
Revision for adverse local tissue reaction following metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty is associated with a high risk of early major complications
Authors: Waterson H. B. , Whitehouse M. R. , Greidanus N. V. , Garbuz D. S. , Masri B. A. , Duncan C. P. 
Published: June 2018

AimsFretting and corrosion at the modular head/neck junction, known as trunnionosis, in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a cause of adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD). We describe the outcome of revision of metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) THA for ARMD due to trunnionosis with emphasis on the risk of major complications.Patients and MethodsA total of 36 patients with a MoP THA who underwent revision for ARMD due to trunnionosis were identified. Three were excluded as their revision had been to another metal head. The remaining 33 were revised to a ceramic head with a titanium sleeve. We describe the presentation, revision findings, and risk of complications in these patients.ResultsThe patients presented with pain, swelling, stiffness, or instability and an inflammatory mass was confirmed radiologically. Macroscopic material deposition on the trunnion was seen in all patients, associated with ARMD. Following revision, six (18.2%) dislocated, requiring further revision in four. Three (9.1%) developed a deep infection and six (18.2%) had significant persistent pain without an obvious cause. One developed a femoral artery thrombosis after excision of an iliofemoral pseudotumor, requiring a thrombectomy.ConclusionThe risk of serious complications following revision MoP THA for ARMD associated with trunnionosis is high. In the presence of extensive tissue damage, a constrained liner or dual mobility construct is recommended in these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:720–4.