bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyroclastic Blowout: Dust Survival in Isolated versus Clustered Supernovae
Authors: Martínez-González Sergio , Wünsch Richard , Palouš Jan , Muñoz-Tuñón Casiana , Silich Sergiy , Tenorio-Tagle Guillermo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Following the current debate on the fate of SN-condensed dust grains, here we explore by means of three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations the interaction of dusty supernova remnants (SNRs) with the shocked winds of neighboring massive stars within young massive stellar clusters (SSCs). As a comparison, we have also explored the evolution of SNRs in the diffuse ISM with constant density. Since the hydrodynamics of SNRs is intimately related to the properties of their immediate environment, the lifecycle of dust grains in SNRs within SSCs is radically different from that in the diffuse ISM. Moreover, off-centered SNRs evolving in the steep density gradient established due to a star cluster wind experience a blowout phase: shell fragmentation due to protruding Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities and the venting of SN ejecta. Our main finding is that clustered SN explosions will cause a net increase in the amount of dust in the surroundings of young massive stellar clusters. Our analysis considers the multiple dust processing resulting from the passage of the SN reverse shock, including its reflection at the SNR’s center, the injection of shocked stellar winds within the respective remnant’s volume and the effect of secondary forward shocks produced in sequential SN explosions. With our code Cinder, on-the-fly, we have calculated the rates of thermal sputtering and dust-induced radiative cooling from an initial distribution of grain sizes and dust content. Fast-moving elongated dusty SN ejecta resemble mushroom clouds violently ascending in a stratified atmosphere after volcanic super-eruptions, where the pyroclasts carried by the clouds are wind-driven and eventually accumulate into the vast surroundings.
Parametric Decay and the Origin of the Low-frequency Alfvénic Spectrum of the Solar Wind
Authors: Réville Victor , Tenerani Anna , Velli Marco 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The fast solar wind shows a wide spectrum of transverse magnetic and velocity field perturbations. These perturbations are strongly correlated in the sense of Alfvén waves propagating mostly outward, from the Sun to the interplanetary medium. They are likely to be fundamental to the acceleration and the heating of the solar wind. However, the precise origin of the broadband spectrum is unknown to date. Typical periods of chromospheric Alfvén waves are limited to a few minutes, and any longer period perturbations should be strongly reflected at the transition region. In this work, we show that minute long Alfvénic fluctuations are unstable to the parametric instability. Parametric instability enables an inverse energy cascade by exciting several-hour-long periods of Alfvénic fluctuations together with strong density fluctuations (typically between 1 and 20 R
⊙). These results may improve our understanding of the origin of the solar wind turbulent spectrum and will be tested by the Parker Solar Probe.
3D MHD Numerical Simulations of Polarized Emission in the Turbulent Background from Young Type Ia Supernova Remnants
Authors: Bao Biwen , Yang Chuyuan , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We study the polarized radio emission from young Type Ia supernova remnants by means of three-dimensional numerical MHD simulations and the assumption of relativistic electron distribution related to magnetic field energy density. In our simulations, the turbulent component of background plasma is taken into account by introducing a 3D Kolmogorov-like power spectrum. The simulation results indicate (i) the different orientations of the interstellar magnetic field around SNRs and lines of sight could produce different polarized radio emission shells, (ii) the fraction of polarization may be decreased through integrating the synchrotron emissivities along the line of sight, which is mainly due to the emission from the strong turbulent and disordered region of the magnetic field, and (iii) the total intensity is strong in some regions where the polarization degree is low.
Ultraviolet Line Intensities of Intermediate and High Ions Predicted from Non-equilibrium Ionization Simulations
Authors: Shelton Robin L. , Kwak Kyujin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We predict the UV emission line intensities produced by turbulent mixing layers (TMLs) between hot and warm gas and in high-velocity clouds (HVCs) traveling through hot gas such as that in the extended Galactic halo, circumgalactic medium, and intergalactic space. The calculations include the effects of hydrodynamic mixing, cooling, and non-equilibrium ionization and were done with the FLASH code and the Raymond and Smith code. A variety of mixing-layer and cloud conditions were simulated, resulting in 13 individual models. The intensities of 21 UV emission lines or doublets of 14 ions of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon in TMLs and HVCs are tabulated. These ions are C ii, C iii, C iv, N ii, N iii, N iv, N v, O iii, O iv, O v, O vi, Si ii, Si iii, and Si iv. Owing to the relatively small assumed pressures and depths, our predicted intensities are small. However, when properly scaled to account for the pressures and depths of such gas in other places, the predicted intensities can be used to estimate the sensitivity needed for observations of the diffuse UV emission or compared with observations of a variety of astrophysical structures. The ratios of the predicted Si iv, C iv, N v, and O vi intensities are expected to remain invariant when the predictions are scaled to correspond to denser regions. The ratios of the predicted Si iv, C iv, and O vi intensities are compared with those of regions in our Galaxy that were observed by SPEAR/FIMS and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer and with those predicted for other models, including an analytical model of TMLs and a model with a magnetized thermal conduction front.
Interferometric Observations of Cyanopolyynes toward the G28.28–0.36 High-mass Star-forming Region
Authors: Taniguchi Kotomi , Miyamoto Yusuke , Saito Masao , Sanhueza Patricio , Shimoikura Tomomi , Dobashi Kazuhito , Nakamura Fumitaka , Ozeki Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We have carried out interferometric observations of cyanopolyynes, HC3N, HC5N, and HC7N, in the 36 GHz band toward the G28.28−0.36 high-mass star-forming region using the Ka-band receiver of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. The spatial distributions of HC3N and HC5N are obtained. HC5N emission is coincident with a 450 μm dust continuum emission, and this clump with a diameter of ∼0.2 pc is located at a position ∼0.15 pc east of the 6.7 GHz methanol maser. HC7N is tentatively detected toward the clump. The HC3N:HC5N:HC7N column density ratios are estimated to be 1.0:∼0.3:∼0.2 at an HC7N peak position. We discuss possible natures of the 450 μm continuum clump associated with the cyanopolyynes. This clump seems to contain deeply embedded low- or intermediate-mass protostellar cores, and the most likely formation mechanism of the cyanopolyynes is the mechanism of warm carbon-chain chemistry. In addition, HC3N and compact HC5N emission is detected at the edge of the 4.5 μm emission, which possibly implies that such emission has a shock origin.
Quantifying Turbulent Dynamics Found within the Plasma Sheets of Multiple Solar Flares
Authors: Freed Michael S. , McKenzie David E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
It is vital to our understanding of solar flares that we discern how turbulent motion can affect the magnetic reconnection process. The objective of this study is to quantify the velocity and vorticity structures inherent in the observed motions found in a plasma sheet above arcades during a solar flare. The most noticeable features in these plasma sheets are the supra-arcade downflows (SADs) that sporadically enter the field of view. This work is also attempting to ascertain what effect these SADs have on the flow of plasma at different length scales. Contrast-enhanced images from five flares observed with the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) and Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) were used to construct velocity maps—in the plane of the sky—via a Fourier local correlation tracking program. Power-law indices (α) were calculated from the power spectral densities (PSDs) associated with the intensity, kinetic energy, and enstrophy structures of these plasma sheets. Velocity oscillations are observed to be approximately three times stronger for velocities that are perpendicular (V

ϕ
) instead of parallel (V

ρ
) to the magnetic field’s direction. Four of the flares observed were used for producing the following plasma sheet properties: kinetic energy PSD indices with only V

ρ
were −0.15 ≤ α

ρ
≤ 0.08, kinetic energy PSD indices with only V

ϕ
were −1.59 ≤ α

ϕ
≤ −1.46, kinetic energy PSD indices with both velocities were −0.89 ≤ α ≤ −0.83, enstrophy PSD indices were 0.87 ≤ α ≤ 0.97, kinetic energy density was 16.6 km2 s−2 ≤ ϵ ≤ 60.0 km2 s−2, and enstrophy density was 1.2 × 10−6 s−2 ≤ ω ≤ 2.8 × 10−6 s−2.
Presbyopic Excimer Laser Ablation: A Review
Authors: Stival Larissa R. , Figueiredo Marisa N. , Santhiago Marcony R. 
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE:
To provide an overview of the efficacy and safety of available presbyopic excimer laser ablation profiles.

METHODS:
Literature review.

RESULTS:
Monovision with excimer laser traditionally applies near correction to the non-dominant eye. Different excimer laser presbyopic approaches include the increase in depth of focus, through the controlled change of spherical aberration or asphericity, or multifocal ablation patterns with central or peripheral near vision zones. The studies investigating different excimer laser ablation patterns applied in previously myopic eyes revealed high levels of efficacy with all ablation profiles (between 68% and 99% achieving binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity [UDVA] of 20/25 or better, and between 70% and 100% achieving uncorrected near visual acuity [UNVA] presenting J3 or better). In hypermetropic eyes, most of the studies revealed high levels of efficacy with different platforms (between 78% and 100% achieving binocular UDVA of 20/25 or better and between 70% and 100% achieving UNVA presenting J3 or better). Loss of two or more lines of corrected distance visual acuity varied between 0% and 10% in the myopic eyes and between 0% and 14% in the hyperopic eyes.

CONCLUSIONS:
There is evidence that excimer laser presbyopic strategies accomplish spectacle independence at reasonable levels. There are reliable and safe options for both myopic and hyperopic eyes with satisfactory outcomes regarding near and distance vision.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(10):698–710.]
Effect of NSAIDs on Pupil Diameter and Expression of Aqueous Humor Cytokines in FLACS Versus Conventional Phacoemulsification
Authors: Anisimova Natalia S. , Arbisser Lisa B. , Petrovski Goran , Petrichuk Svetlana V. , Sobolev Nikolay P. , Petrovski Beata , Borsenok Sergey A. , Komah Yurii A. , Malyugin Boris E. 
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE:
To compare the concentrations of interleukin (IL) (IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70), interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and TNF-β in the aqueous humor of patients undergoing femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and corneal mechanical paracentesis treated with two different topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): bromfenac and indomethacin.

METHODS:
In this prospective, randomized controlled, single-center study, aqueous humor samples were obtained immediately after performing the femtosecond laser procedure or at the start of conventional phacoemulsification. Preoperatively, the FLACS groups were administered (once daily and four times daily, respectively) either topical bromfenac 0.09% (12 eyes) or indomethacin 0.1% (12 eyes). The corneal paracentesis bromfenac and indomethacin groups received the same regimen of instillation of NSAIDs, respectively. Quantitative analysis of the expressed cytokines in the aqueous humor was performed using FlowCytomix FC 500 Pro 3.0 Software (Bender MedSystems GmbH, Vienna, Austria).

RESULTS:

The intraoperative pupil diameter was correlated with the expression of IL-6 after the femtosecond laser procedure in the FLACS indomethacin group (r = −0.53;
P
= .07). A significant difference in mean pupillary size was detected between the FLACS bromfenac and indomethacin groups at the aspiration/irrigation time point (0.53 ± 0.26 mm) and at the end of surgery (0.68 ± 0.37 mm). Progressive pupillary constriction was observed in the indomethacin and bromfenac groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
A smaller expression of IL-6 to the overall cytokine network value was observed in cases receiving preoperative bromfenac 0.09%, explaining improved maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(10):646–652.]
Differences in Posterior Corneal Features Between Normal Corneas and Subclinical Keratoconus
Authors: Golan Oren , Hwang Eric S. , Lang Paul , Santhiago Marcony R. , Abulafia Adi , Touboul David , Krauthammer Mark , Smadja David 
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE:
To compare posterior corneal features and their discriminating power for differentiating normal corneas from subclinical keratoconus using the Placido dual-Scheimpflug analyzer.

METHODS:

Patients were retrospectively included in the study. The preoperative normal right eyes of 79 patients imaged with a Placido dual-Scheimpflug system and with a stable postoperative LASIK follow-up of a minimum of 36 months were included in the normal group and were compared to 39 contralateral topographically normal eyes with clinically evident keratoconus in the fellow eye. The posterior surface variables measured were categorized according to the feature of the corneal shape they were characterizing (curvature, elevation, asymmetry, and eccentricity) and compared between the two groups using the Student's two-sample
t
test. The discriminating ability of the posterior surface variables was compared by receiver operator characteristics curves.

RESULTS:

Variables that related to asymmetry and elevation of the posterior surface were statistically significantly different between groups (
P
< .05), whereas eccentricity and curvature–related parameters were not. Receiver operator characteristics curves analysis showed that the maximum posterior elevation over the best-fit toric and aspheric surface reference shape had the highest discriminating ability for distinguishing normal corneas from subclinical keratoconus, with an area under the curve of 0.877, followed by the asphericity asymmetry index, with an area under the curve of 0.871, and posterior inferior-superior value, with an area under the curve of 0.851.

CONCLUSIONS:
Posterior cornea measured with a dual-Scheimpflug analyzer provides useful parameters for differentiating normal corneas from subclinical keratoconus. Of the posterior surface parameters, asymmetry and elevation seem to be the most sensitive shape modifications for differentiating both populations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(10):664–670.]
Sequential Customized Therapeutic Keratectomy for Reis-Bücklers' Corneal Dystrophy: Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Vinciguerra Paolo , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Randleman J. Bradley , Torres Ingrid , Morenghi Emanuela , Camesasca Fabrizio I. 
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE:
To report long-term outcomes of sequential customized therapeutic keratectomy for Reis–Bücklers' corneal dystrophy.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective review of 14 eyes of 8 patients with Reis–Bücklers' corneal dystrophy that underwent surgical peeling with a spatula of the epithelium and subepithelial membrane present in Reis–Bücklers' corneal dystrophy, with subsequent sequential customized therapeutic keratectomy featuring a multi-step approach with sequential, repeated customized excimer laser photoablations alternating with repeat intraoperative topographies to monitor and progressively reduce corneal irregularities.

RESULTS:

At the last follow-up of 5.09 ± 4.67 years (range: 0.29 to 12.87 years), mean corrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/50 (range: 20/630 to 20/30) to 20/25 (range: 20/20 to 20/40) (
P
< .01), whereas mean refraction changed from −0.29 ± 1.91 diopters (D) sphere and −0.75 ± 0.81 D cylinder preoperatively to 1.25 ± 2.10 D sphere and −1.08 ± 0.53 D cylinder postoperatively. Mean central keratometry values changed minimally from 42.67 ± 2.26 D preoperatively to 42.65 ± 2.30 D postoperatively. Coma significantly decreased from 0.60 ± 0.40 to 0.35 ± 0.28
μ
m (
P
< .05), whereas total higher order aberrations, spherical aberration, and trefoil remained stable. No patient underwent corneal transplantation. Disease recurrence required re-treatment using the same protocol in 14.28% of eyes (n = 2) for a mean of 5.86 ± 0.31 years (range: 5.64 to 6.08 years) after initial surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
Five years after sequential customized therapeutic keratectomy, most eyes with Reis–Bücklers' corneal dystrophy showed improved visual acuity, stable refraction, and improved or stable higher order aberrations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(10):682–688.]
Transnationalism from Below after the First World War: The Case of the 1924 Revolution in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Authors: Vezzadini Elena 
Published: October 2018

After the First World War, a nationalist movement quickly gained momentum in Sudan, eventually leading to the outburst of the 1924 Revolution. While the peculiar status of Sudan as an Anglo-Egyptian Condominium and the political struggle between Egypt and Great Britain have often been seen as the main reasons behind the uprising, this article seeks to reinterpret the international factors leading to the Revolution, first by connecting it to the transnational diffusion of both ideas and techniques of protest that went well beyond Egypt and Great Britain, and second by analysing it in light of that peculiar global moment which occurred in many sites of the colonial world during and after the Great War. Moreover, contrary to the tendency of global history to focus mostly on transnational elites, the case of Sudan has the merit of showing the impact of international diffusion on local political cultures “from below.” Various aspects of this “transnationalism from below” will be explored: the role of international news and the press in feeding the 1924 Revolution and the way in which the activists “wrote back” to reach an international audience; the creation of secret societies in Sudan, another highly transnational structure of protest; but also how this era of mass protests caused the transformation of the structure of secret societies so that they would become tools to mobilise the masses.
Great War Intrigues in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Gilkes Patrick , Plaut Martin 
Published: October 2018

As the First World War went global, both Britain and Germany pursued similar strategies in the Red Sea, trying to stir up revolts and policy changes among each other’s allies and interests on opposite sides of the Red Sea, Britain to the east, Germany to the west. The British succeeded, almost by accident, in organising the Arab revolt in mid-1916, ultimately destroying the Ottoman Empire. Germany and the Ottomans, after failing in their attempt to attack Egypt directly, also failed in their attempt to ally with Ethiopia and use it to threaten British Somaliland or Eritrea and the route to India. The effort to lure Ethiopia to their side and counteract British influence in the lower Red Sea revolved around the young, uncrowned Emperor, Lij Iyasu, who had his own plans to break the power of the traditional ruling Christian Amhara nobility and involve the peripheral Muslim peoples of the empire, i.e. Somalis, Afars and Oromos, more centrally in government, aiming to create a more inclusive imperial administration. Together with the moves of the Ottoman Empire against Aden, this posed the possibility of a real threat to the British route to India. The successful putsch against Lij Iyasu in September 1916, welcomed by the allied powers, meant this threat disappeared; it also laid the basis for the long rule of Emperor Haile Selassie.
Moins de mandataires locaux à Bruxelles ? Scénarios et impact
Authors: van Haute Emilie , Deschouwer Kris , Gaudin Thibault , Janssens Rudi , Kavadias Dimokritos , Mares Ann , Pilet Jean-Benoit , Sierens Vivien , Tibbaut Aurélie 
Published: October 2018

Le nombre de conseillers communaux et d’échevins dans la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale est relativement élevé et augmente à chaque élection. Au cours des débats sur le fonctionnement des institutions politiques de la Région, l’idée de réduire le nombre de mandataires locaux est régulièrement mise sur la table. La présente contribution étudie les implications possibles d’une telle diminution. Trois scénarios sont envisagés : une diminution de 10 %, de 20 % et de 30 %. Pour chacun de ces scénarios, une simulation a été faite de ses effets sur le pluralisme dans les conseils communaux, sur la charge de travail des conseillers et échevins, sur la formation de coalitions, sur les équilibres de genres et sur la position des élus néerlandophones. Pour les petits groupes, pour les néerlandophones et pour l’égalité des genres, les effets seraient clairement négatifs.
Assessment of variations in sphenoid sinus pneumatization in Indian population: A multidetector computed tomography study
Authors: Hiremath Shivaprakash B , Gautam Amol B , Sheeja Keerthy , Benjamin Geena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and Purpose: The purpose of our study was to assess the prevalence of variations in the extent of sphenoid pneumatization in the Indian population and compare with existing literature. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 500 patients who underwent CT of the paranasal sinuses. The multiplanar reformations of paranasal sinus were assessed for the type of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus and type of clival, lateral recess, lesser wing, and anterior recess extensions. Results: The conchal, presellar, incomplete sellar, and complete sellar types comprised 0%, 1.2%, 22.2%, and 76.6% of patients. The extensions of pneumatization subtypes in the study population were clival in 76.6% subjects; lateral recess, lesser wing, and anterior recess in 59.7%, 20.4%, and 20.4% of sinuses, respectively. The pure forms were seen in 25.4% and combined forms in 61% of sinuses. The presellar type (1.2%) was less common and sellar type (98.8%) being common in our population compared to the Caucasian and East Asian population. The sphenoid sinuses were extensively pneumatized in our population compared to the Chinese and Caucasian population, the prevalence being 76.6%, 68%, and 44.5% for clival; 59.7%, 46%, and 28.3% for lateral recess; 20.4%, 32%, and 12% for lesser wing extension, respectively. The pure forms were relatively less common and combined forms being more common compared to the Chinese and Caucasian population in our study. Conclusion: The extent of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus has clinical and surgical implications in sellar and central skull base lesions, and variability in different populations confirms that ethnicity influences the differences in prevalence.