bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Intra-Voxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) in Evaluation of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Abo Al-Maaty Mai Wahid Mohammed , Elia Remon Zaher , Abdulhafiz Essam Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory segmental bowel disorder characterized by attacks of remission and exacerbation that can significantly affect the patients’ quality of life. Hence monitoring the disease activity is crucial to achieve longer symptom free intervals which may result either from active inflammation and its complications as deep ulceration, fistulae formation and abscesses or sequelae from longstanding inflammatory process as fibrotic scarring and strictures.

Aim of the Work
to determine the efficacy of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in assessing inflammatory activity in IBD.

Patients and Methods
The study conducted at the Diagnostic Radiology Unit; Radiology Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. From 6 to 9 months. Convenience sample of 32 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study based on clinical suspicion, biomarkers, endoscopy and histopathological specimens referred for MR enterography

Results
We studied the correlation between IVIM parameters with the four known parameters used for IBD activity evaluation (Biochemical, clinical, endoscopy, and MRE) and presence of complications. We studied the correlation of the previously mentioned prameters to each other

Conclusion
IVIM-DWI seems to be a potential noninvasive imaging approach that could provide specific quantitative markers, such as D*, ADC and f values, to objectively assess bowel inflammation with no concern about contrast agent complications.
Validation of Artificial Intelligence in Chest X-ray Interpretation
Authors: Elkholey Nada Khaled Eid , Nasr Mehana Annie Mohammed , Raafat Ali Wafaa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Chest radiography is widely used for its portability and cost-effectiveness, providing crucial information for detecting thoracic diseases. However, interpretation challenges and the COVID-19 pandemic have led to stressed medical staff and increased misinterpretations. Automated systems, employing deep learning, are showing promise in classifying chest X-ray abnormalities. These advancements can enhance clinical workflow, decision support, and contribute to global health initiatives.

Aim of the Work
The study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system in interpreting chest X-rays, specifically assessing sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Additionally, the research explores the impact of AI assistance on the diagnostic performance of radiology residents, examining changes in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

Patients and Methods
A cross-sectional study at Ain Shams University Hospitals assessed the diagnostic performance of an AI system in interpreting chest X-rays, using a sample of 63 images. The study analyzed sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, incorporating AI assistance for radiologist residents. Data management included descriptive and analytical statistics, employing ROC curves and Kappa statistics for agreement assessment. The study found diagnostic improvements with AI aid.

Results
The study investigated the diagnostic performance of an AI algorithm, Lunit INSIGHT CXR3, and a radiology resident in interpreting AP frontal chest X-rays. The AI demonstrated high sensitivity (100% in calcification and consolidation) and varying specificity (72-100%) and accuracy (71-100%) across different findings. The radiology resident showed significant sensitivity and accuracy improvement as well as increase in agreement with AI assistance, while no significant changes could be detected in specificity. The study suggests that AI can enhance diagnostic performance, aiding radiologists in clinical practice.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study demonstrates that using AI as an aid has proven to improve the overall performance of radiology residents allowing them to reach expert like levels of diagnostic performance in the CXR interpretation.
Fetal Soft Marker in Obstetrics Ultrasound
Authors: Geneidi Eman Ahmed Shawky , Ragheb Samar Ramzy , Louka Amir Louis , Saad Saad Rafat Fahim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Mid trimester scans in specific have become a standard part of antenatal care. Soft markers are reported to be present in approaching 11-14% of all second trimester ultrasound scanning

Aim of the Work
Detection of the soft markers and evaluating the benefit of each ultrasound soft marker and identify if there is a specific soft marker should be looked for standard on ultrasound scanning.

Patients and Methods
Routine 16-24 weeks of gestational scan had been performed at the outpatient clinic radiological department to detect all soft markers. Patients had been followed up and chromosomal karyotyping done for the new born to confirm the final diagnosis. Generally studied soft markers included fetal ventricomegaly, choroid plexus cysts, absent or hypo plastic nasal bone, thickened nuchal fold, intracardiac echogenic focus, short long bones, single umbilical artery, echogenic bowel and pyelectasis.

Results
As regards the validity of different soft markers in the detection of aneuploidy in this study we found that the existence of two soft markers or more had the highest sensitivity 66.7%, NVP 92.0%, inter cardiac echogenic foci had the highest specificity100 % &= PPV 100%, NPV 87.2%, followed by large choroid plexus's cyst NVP 87.9%, Specificity 85.3%.

Conclusion
We establish a relation between ultrasonic soft markers and post natal aneuploidy. Maternal age ≥35.0 years had highest balanced characteristics of diagnosis, followed by having two or more signs & positive history of consanguinity.
Incidental Extracardiac Findings in Cardiac MRI
Authors: Aziz Ali Mohamed Abdel , Osman Mohamed Elhardalo , Mohamed Shaimaa Salah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) has nowadays emerged as a novel noninvasive imaging technique which offers superior structural and functional evaluation of the heart. cMRI done with a large field of view, that consequently can detect incidental extracardiac findings (IEFs). This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and significance of IEFs reported from clinically indicated cMRI scans.

Aim of the Work
To discuss prevalence of extra-cardiac incidental findings in cardiac MRI.

Patients and Methods
Our study is a retrospective study that included patients who have done CMR from period July 2021 to July 2023. The study included 219 patients who were suspected as having cardiac diseases, referred to the Radiology department, Ain Shams University Hospitals for a cardiac MRI.

Results
A total of 219 studies were included in the analysis. The mean age of the subjects was (38.2 year), SD (±18.2), (range 1– 75 years). The male (62%) female (38%) male to female ratio was 1.6:1, From the 219 patients scanned, a total of 162(74%) patients without Extra-cardiac findings, 57(26%) patients with Extra-cardiac findings

Conclusion
A significant number of IEFs can be detected during cMRI, with high accuracy. It is therefore extremely important that whoever reports cMRI should be able to properly assess normal and abnormal thorax and superior abdominal findings. IEFs should be searched, for potentially modifying the clinical management of patients with such findings
Serum Sclerostin as a Biomarker of Disease Activity in Ankylosing Spondylitis in Correlation with Radiographic Imaging
Authors: Sakrana Nouran M , Badr Nevine M , Azab Manar A , kamel Marwa A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease defined by the development of new bone in the spine, resulting in joint fusion and functional impairment. The role of sclerostin has been evaluated in AS pathogenesis to identify a possible link with bone formation.

Objective
Evaluating serum sclerostin level in AS patients and investigating the presence of any correlations with radiographic damage, disease activity and function.

Patients and Methods
A total of 20 patients diagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis according to Ankylosing Spondylitis International Society (ASAS) criteria were enrolled in addition to 20 healthy age matched control cases. All patients were subjected to skin, nail, hair, enthesitis, dactylitis, peripheral and axial joint examination. Also, assessment of disease activity was done by using Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index. Serum sclerostin level was measured in all cases and correlated with disease activity. Radiographs of the spine and pelvis performed within three months from the enrollment in the study were collected in all patients. Each radiograph was evaluated by an expert reader using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score. Finally, MRI examinations for both sacroiliac joints and spine were performed.

Results
Positive correlation was noted between serum sclerostin level and both intermalleolar distance and cervical rotation. A negative correlation between serum sclerostin level and BASMI score. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were lower while ESR and CRP levels were higher among AS cases with significant correlations with serum sclerostin level. Negative correlation was reported between serum sclerostin level and SIJs SPARCC score, spine SPARCC score and total SPARCC score. Also, significant positive correlation was noted between mSASSS with BASMI score. Cutoff point ≤20 pmol/L had sensitivity 100% and specificity 100%.

Conclusion
Serum sclerostin was found to be an accurate biomarker with good discriminating power between ankylosing spondylitis cases and healthy control individuals. Finally, serum sclerostin is advised to be used as a routine, less invasive, cheap and valid biomarker in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
De-novo Peripheral Neurological Complications Following COVID-19 Vaccinations
Authors: Badr Nevine Mohamed Elsayed , El-Zohiery Abeer Kadry , Moussa Salwa Galal , Abo Aldahab Salma Rafat Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Following the COVID-19 virus epidemic, extensive, coordinated international research had led to the rapid development of effective vaccines. Although COVID-19 vaccines were considered the best way to achieve collective safety and control mortality, they had the potential to induce a plethora of peripheral nervous system diseases (PNS).

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in peripheral nervous system in case of post COVID-19 vaccinations by using electrophysiological modalities. This study identified a specific peripheral neurological risk profile for each vaccine and a clinical profile for those who more vulnerable to develop neurological complications after COVID-19 vaccines.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on twenty-five patients who started to develop de-novo peripheral neurological complications after COVID-19 vaccination. The patients were enrolled from the outpatient clinic of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Physical medicine as well as neurology department of Ain Shams University hospitals.

Results
Twenty-five reported cases of peripheral nervous system (PNS) affection manifesting after receiving COVID-19 vaccines had been analyzed in this work. Thirteen (52%) were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mostly, cases manifested after receiving AstraZeneca 15 (60%) and Pfizer 5 (20%) vaccines. Affected individuals usually presented following the first dose 16 (64%). Furthermore, the most frequently reported symptom was paresthesia (52%). The side-effects severity was greater after the AstraZeneca vaccine (88.89%). Moreover, several manifestations of PNS affection were observed, but the Guillain-Barre-Syndrome (GBS) was of higher incidence (48%).

Conclusion
This is one of comprehensive reviews discussing the new onset of clinical presentation of various peripheral neurological adverse events following the four most commonly available COVID-19 vaccines, confirmed by using electrodiagnostic studies.
Bowel Ultrasound versus Endoscopic Findings in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Mahran Zakaria , Kamel Shimaa Youssef Youssef , Salem Hossam EL-den Mohamed , Mohamed Aya Samy Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic, relapsing-remitting diseases that constitute a growing worldwide health burden. Crohn’s disease is a chronic relapsing lifelong condition disease. It is characterized by trans-mural inflammation of bowel wall and by skip lesions that may be found in any segment of the gastro- intestinal tract

Objective
To improve management of patients with Crohn's disease, objective measurements of disease activity are needed. We evaluated BUS activity finding in comparison to Endoscopic findings with introduction of new BUS score.

Subjects and Methods
Thirty-two adult patients with Crohn's disease were included in our study. They were presented to our IBD clinic at Tropical Medicine Department, Ain Shams university in the period from 2022 to 2023. All our patients were subjected to history taking, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations and diagnostic evaluation, BUS and colonoscopy.

Results
Our results paved the way for the use of BUS as a simple and non-invasive tool for monitoring activity and follow up CD patient although more studies with longer follow up periods may be needed to confirm our findings.

Conclusion
Bowel ultrasound considered an efficient tool for diagnosing and locating bowel lesions with its extramural extent and complications. It can be used to assess the degree of activity and thus an important tool for follow-up. Bowel ultrasound has the potential to become a tool for monitoring of bowel inflammatory activity in patients with Crohn’s disease, it allows the location & extent of the disease and complications, thus can be used in long-term follow-up. Bowel ultrasound is a good predictor for crohn’s activity with sensitivity and specificity 100% and 100% respectively. Bowel ultrasound score range from 2-8 with cut of point 4 (mild less than &lt;2, Moderate from 2-4, Severe more than &gt;4) can be used as indicator for activity of the disease.
Interleukin-6 as a Prognostic Factor of Severity in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Egyptian Patients
Authors: El-Metwally Loay Mohammed , El-Tabbakh Mohamed Mahmoud , Abdelkader Nadia Abdelaaty 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced in early December 2019. The pandemic situation is declared. Patients diagnosed as severe or critical cases are prone to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome and even death This study aimed to evaluate the role of biomarkers in estimating the severity and predicting the prognosis of COVID-19.

Objectives
This cohort retrospective and prospective analysis were carried out to evaluate the association between IL-6 and severe disease and mortality in COVID-19 disease.

Patients and Methods
An analytical cohort retrospective and prospective study, it was performed in Fever Military Hospital-Almaza-Cairo-Egypt in period between 1/11/2020 till 1/11/2021 including all confirmed cases presented by moderate or severe symptoms and signs of covid19 manifestations.

Results
227 patients were included in this study, 72% of them were males and the mean age was 61years old. About 37% of patients needed ICU admission and 46% of all patients died. The median level of IL-6 after 5 days of admission time in patients who still alive was 290.2 while more than level in died patients was 415. In patients who had extra- pulmonary manifestations we found that the median level of IL-6 after 5 days of admission time was 405.5 while in patients without extra-pulmonary manifestations was 242.45 with significant association. The median level of IL-6 after 5 days of admission time in patients who needed ICU admission was 300.4 while in patients didn’t need ICU was 408.8 without significant association.

Conclusion
This study revealed that elevated IL-6 is significantly related to prolongation of hospital stay in COVID-19 patients and Severity of disease. Also, the occurrence of death among patients who had increased IL-6 in the time of admission was higher than patients with normal or lower serum levels of IL-6. There was a significant relation between elevated IL-6 and extrapulmonary manifestations.
Assessment of Cognitive Functions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients - An Egyptian Sample
Authors: Albalakosy Amira Mahmoud , Hussein Hend Mubarak , Ragab Askar Safaa , Naguib Rehab Mohamed , Abdelhamid Sherif Ayman Adel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong condition characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation, leading to abdominal pain, diarrhea, malnutrition, and premature mortality. In addition to the classic extraintestinal manifestations, such as joint disease and eye disease, there has been some evidence that IBD affects the brain. To date, however, the presence of cognitive impairment has not been systematically established.

Objective
To evaluate the cognitive functions in IBD patients compared to healthy control and study the factors of cognitive impairment in IBD patients.

Patients and Methods
This was a cross-sectional study which was carried out in The IBD outpatient clinic at Tropical Medicine department, Ain Shams University Hospitals. A total of 70 patients were enrolled, 50 of whom were ulcerative colitis patients and 20 patients had Crohn’s disease during the interval between August 2022 and January 2023.

Results
The included patients in our study were predominantly males (60%) while there were 28 female patients, and about 58.9% did not have formal education beyond 9 years. Our study showed that the marital status affected patients’ cognitive functions, where unmarried people showed more cognitive impairment whether divorced (having mean MMSE Score of 21 SD 2.8) or widowed (having mean MMSE score of 24.5, SD 4.95), both of which score ranges reflected mild cognitive impairment. This study showed that the older the patient, the more cognitive impairment was observed.

Conclusion
8.6 % of IBD patients showed cognitive impairment. The mild deficit in global cognitive functions, that has been observed among the IBD patients, who are in remission, is associated with older age, marital status, and the presence of extra-intestinal manifestations.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Tadalafil 5mg Once Daily versus Darifenacin for Ureteric Stent Related Symptoms
Authors: Abdel Rahman Mohammed Elgaml Abdel Rahman Mahdy , Yassin Mohammed Mohammed , Hafez Elawady Hossam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
After almost five decades of internal ureteral stenting, this endourological standard procedure is still associated with a clear side-effect profile. Thus, ureteral stents should be avoided whenever possible, and removed as soon as possible. However, ureteral stenting remains unavoidable in a considerable number of our patients. In these cases, a proper stent length should be chosen, and patients should be informed thoroughly about potential side-effects and treated with a1-blockers or antimuscarinics.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the present study was to analyze and compare the safety and efficacy of darifenacin versus tadalafil in the relief of ureteric stent related symptoms.

Patients and Methods
This is a randomized comparative blind cross over study conducted on 150 patients admitted in the department of Urology in Ain Shams University Hospitals, All patients underwent DJ stenting after urological interventions were enrolled in the study, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 150 patients were included in The study which were randomly divided one by one in to 2 groups 75 patients each The study was divided into two parts each part last for 3 weeks, in the 1st part of the study Group 1 received Tadalafil 5 mg tab once daily orally and Group 2 received darifenacin 7.5 mg once daily orally and then treatment stopped for one week for wash out of the drug. In the 2nd part of the study the two groups switched as follow: Group 1: received darifenacin 7.5 mg tab once daily orally and Group 2: received Tadalafil 5 mg tab once daily orally.

Results
Which was proved in the 2nd part of the study after wash out period (one week) as patients in group 1 which was converted to darifenacin 7.5 mg were found better than patients in group 2 which was converted to tadalafil 5 mg as regard sense of incomplete emptying with mean score (1.88 ± 0.88vs 4.24 ± 0.71), regarding frequency there was improvement in group 1 than in group 2 with mean score (1.44 ± 0.83 vs 4.12 ± 0.75), as regard urgency there was improvement in group 1 than in group 2 with mean score (1.8 ± 0.82vs 3.99 ± 0.76), as regard nocturia there was improvement in group 1 than in group 2 with mean score (0.97 ± 0.7vs 3.52 ± 0.78), and as regard pain there was improvement in group 1 than in group 2 with mean score (2.45 ± 0.58vs 2.71 ± 0.65).

Conclusion
The study showed highly significant improvement of ureteric stent related symptoms in favor of Darifenacin 7.5 mg when compared with tadalafil 5mg. Both of these medications demonstrated a good safety and tolerability profile for medical improvement therapy in patients with ureteric stents.
Interactive multimodal integral field spectroscopy
Authors: García Riber Adrián , García-Benito Rubén , Serradilla Francisco 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Using sonification on scientific data analysis provides additional dimensions to visualization, potentially increasing researchers’ analytical capabilities and fostering inclusion and accessibility. This research explores the potential of multimodal integral field spectroscopy applied to galaxy analysis through the development and evaluation of a tool that complements the visualization of data cubes with sound. The proposed application, ViewCube, provides interactive visualizations and sonifications of spectral information across a 2D field-of-view, and its architecture is designed to incorporate future sonification approaches. The first sonification implementation described in this article uses a deep learning module to generate binaural unsupervised auditory representations. The work includes a qualitative and quantitative user study based on an online questionnaire, aimed at both specialized and non-specialized participants, focusing on the case study of data cubes of galaxies from the Calar Alto Integral Field Spectroscopy Area survey. Out of 67 participants who completed the questionnaire, 42 had the opportunity to test the application in person prior to filling out the online survey. 81 per cent of these 42 participants expressed the good interactive response of the tool, 79.1 per cent of the complete sample found the application ‘Useful’, and 58.2 per cent rated its aesthetics as ‘Good’. The quantitative results suggest that all participants were able to retrieve information from the sonifications, pointing to previous experience in the analysis of sound events as more helpful than previous knowledge of the data for the proposed tasks, and highlighting the importance of training and attention to detail for the understanding of complex auditory information.