bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The negative emission potential of alkaline materials
Authors: Renforth Phil 
Published: March 2019

Abstract7 billion tonnes of alkaline materials are produced globally each year as a product or by-product of industrial activity. The aqueous dissolution of these materials creates high pH solutions that dissolves CO2to store carbon in the form of solid carbonate minerals or dissolved bicarbonate ions. Here we show that these materials have a carbon dioxide storage potential of 2.9–8.5 billion tonnes per year by 2100, and may contribute a substantial proportion of the negative emissions required to limit global temperature change to <2 °C.
Development of the urogenital system is regulated via the 3′UTR of GDNF
Authors: Li Hao , Jakobson Madis , Ola Roxana , Gui Yujuan , Kumar Anmol , Sipilä Petra , Sariola Hannu , Kuure Satu , Andressoo Jaan-Olle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMechanisms controlling ureter lenght and the position of the kidney are poorly understood. Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) induced RET signaling is critical for ureteric bud outgrowth, but the function of endogenous GDNF in further renal differentiation and urogenital system development remains discursive. Here we analyzed mice where 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of GDNF is replaced with sequence less responsive to microRNA-mediated regulation, leading to increased GDNF expression specifically in cells naturally transcribing Gdnf. We demonstrate that increased Gdnf leads to short ureters in kidneys located in an abnormally caudal position thus resembling human pelvic kidneys. High GDNF levels expand collecting ductal progenitors at the expense of ureteric trunk elongation and result in expanded tip and short trunk phenotype due to changes in cell cycle length and progenitor motility. MEK-inhibition rescues these defects suggesting that MAPK-activity mediates GDNF’s effects on progenitors. Moreover, Gdnf   hyper mice are infertile likely due to effects of excess GDNF on distal ureter remodeling. Our findings suggest that dysregulation of GDNF levels, for example via alterations in 3′UTR, may account for a subset of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and/or congenital infertility cases in humans and pave way to future studies.
White spaces, music notation and the facilitation of sight-reading
Authors: Stenberg Arild , Cross Ian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe use of interword separation has consistently been proven to enhance fluency in reading language scripts. At the same time, neurophysiological evidence has shown that music and language scripts can activate very similar neural circuitry that integratively encodes the symbols that comprise them. By analogy to interword separations in language, we hypothesize that visual separation cues in musical scores should facilitate music reading. We report an experiment in which separating short fragments of musical discourse by vertical white gaps in the notation enhanced sight-reading fluency by significantly reducing the number of mistakes that musicians made when reading the scores without previous preparation. These results are in accordance with a view of music reading as sharing cognitive strategies with language reading; they have significant implications for our understanding of the acquisition of musical literacy and for the design of musical scores, and for our knowledge of the sense-making processes involved in reading in general.
The genome of the arapaima (Arapaima gigas) provides insights into gigantism, fast growth and chromosomal sex determination system
Authors: Du Kang , Wuertz Sven , Adolfi Mateus , Kneitz Susanne , Stöck Matthias , Oliveira Marcos , Nóbrega Rafael , Ormanns Jenny , Kloas Werner , Feron Romain , Klopp Christophe , Parrinello Hugues , Journot Laurent , He Shunping , Postlethwait John , Meyer Axel , Guiguen Yann , Schartl Manfred 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe have sequenced the genome of the largest freshwater fish species of the world, the arapaima. Analysis of gene family dynamics and signatures of positive selection identified genes involved in the specific adaptations and unique features of this iconic species, in particular it’s large size and fast growth. Genome sequences from both sexes combined with RAD-tag analyses from other males and females led to the isolation of male-specific scaffolds and supports an XY sex determination system in arapaima. Whole transcriptome sequencing showed that the product of the gland-like secretory organ on the head surface of males and females may not only provide nutritional fluid for sex-unbiased parental care, but that the organ itself has a more specific function in males, which engage more in parental care.
Sub lethal levels of platinum nanoparticle cures plasmid and in combination with carbapenem, curtails carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Bharathan Subhashree , Sundaramoorthy Niranjana Sri , Chandrasekaran Harini , Rangappa Gagana , ArunKumar GaneshPrasad , Subramaniyan Siva Bala , Veerappan Anbazhagan , Nagarajan Saisubramanian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDrug resistance traits are rapidly disseminated across bacteria by horizontal gene transfer, especially through plasmids. Plasmid curing agents that are active both in vitro and in vivo will resensitize Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria to antimicrobial agents. Pectin capped platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) at sub MIC (20 µM) concentration was effective, in causing loss of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) harboring plasmid as evidenced by, absence of plasmid in agarose gel and by a concomitant (16–64 fold) drop in MIC for cell wall inhibitors ceftriaxone and meropenem, in carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli (CREC). Interestingly, the plasmid cured strain exhibited small colony morphology and displayed slower growth both in vitro and in vivo. Complementation of cured strain with plasmid from the wild type strain restored resistance towards meropenem and ceftriaxone. Relative to wild type, plasmid cured strain displayed 50% reduction in biofilm formation. Plasmid curing also occurred in vivo in infected zebrafish with curing efficiency of 17% for nanoparticle + meropenem treatment. PtNPs + meropenem reduced bioburden of CREC in infected zebrafish by 2.4 log CFU. Mechanistic studies revealed that nanoparticle interacted with cell surface and perturbed inner membrane integrity. PtNPs did not induce ROS, yet it caused plasmid DNA cleavage, as evidenced by gyrase inhibition assay. Our study for the first time reveals that PtNPs as plasmid curing agent can resensitize MDR bacteria to selective antimicrobial agents in vivo.
Myeloid cell TNFR1 signaling dependent liver injury and inflammation upon BCG infection
Authors: Chavez-Galan Leslie , Vesin Dominique , Blaser Guillaume , Uysal Husnu , Benmerzoug Sulayman , Rose Stéphanie , Ryffel Bernhard , Quesniaux Valérie F. J. , Garcia Irene 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTNF plays a critical role in mononuclear cell recruitment during acute Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection leading to an effective immune response with granuloma formation, but may also cause tissue injury mediated by TNFR1 or TNFR2. Here we investigated the role of myeloid and T cell specific TNFR1 and R2 expression, and show that absence of TNFR1 in myeloid cells attenuated liver granuloma formation and liver injury in response to acute BCG infection, while TNFR2 expressed in myeloid cells contributed only to liver injury. TNFR1 was the main receptor controlling cytokine production by liver mononuclear cells after antigenic specific response, modified CD4/CD8 ratio and NK, NKT and regulatory T cell recruitment. Further analysis of CD11b+CD3+ phagocytic cells revealed a TCRαβ expressing subpopulation of unknown function, which increased in response to BCG infection dependent of TNFR1 expression on myeloid cells. In conclusion, TNFR1 expressed by myeloid cells plays a critical role in mononuclear cell recruitment and injury of the liver after BCG infection.
Evidence of Environmental Changes Caused by Chinese Island-Building
Authors: Smith Leland , Cornillon Peter , Rudnickas Don , Mouw Colleen B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper quantifies environmental effects of island-building operations in the South China Sea, which result from dredging and can negatively impact marine flora, fauna, and ecosystems. The extent of the damage caused by island-creation is believed to be large, as the South China Sea reefs support the largest concentration of marine biodiversity on Earth. Through use of satellite imagery, we investigate the island-construction on Mischief Reef in the South China Sea, showing backscatter increases of up to 350% in waters surrounding the reef, with plumes of excess sediment exceeding 250 km2 at times during island-construction, and the cumulative area impacted by dredging exceeding 1,200 km2. Comparison of satellite-derived chlorophyll-a, backscatter, absorption and remote sensing reflectance at 412 nm suggest that dredging activities led to a decrease in biological health of the region resulting from the smothering of natural benthic habitats and reef complexes with sediment. We anticipate this ex post facto quantification of the connectivity between island-construction, large particulate plumes and a decrease in absorption related to marine life in the water column to establish a starting point for further study into ecosystem impact. The potential associations between these damages and a long-term reduction in ocean life and resources could serve inter-governmental bodies with a baseline metric for evaluating the level of damage caused. This may result in both forward-looking deterrent policies that limit island-building as well as backward-looking compensation.
Effects of GADL1 overexpression on cell migration and the associated morphological changes
Authors: Wu Tai-Na , Chen Chih-Ken , Liu I-Chao , Wu Lawrence Shih-Hsin , Cheng Andrew Tai-Ann 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLithium has been used for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, but drug response varies among patients. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in glutamate decarboxylase–like protein 1 (GADL1) are found to be associated with lithium response in Han Chinese bipolar patients. In this study, we assessed GADL1 function using a neuroblastoma cell line that stably overexpressed GADL1. Genes encoding factors involved in cell migration, such as FN1, ITGA2, ITGAV and CCL2, were downregulated in GADL1-overexpressing cells. GADL1 overexpression indeed suppressed cell migration. Cell migration speed and perimeter length exhibited similar trends, both of which were decreased under GADL1 overexpression or lithium treatment but increased upon stimulation with CCL2. Secreted GADL1 or its enzyme product, taurine, in the conditioned medium might exert only mild effects on the observed changes. Compared with SH-SY5Y cells, GADL1-overexpressing cells were much more sensitive to CCL2 treatment but less sensitive to lithium, indicating that the level of GADL1 expression can affect cell sensitivity to lithium or CCL2 treatment. Together, these results suggest that cell migration and related morphological changes might provide good indicators of the sensitivity toward lithium treatment, and the GADL1 stable overexpression cell line might serve as a useful platform to screen novel therapeutics for bipolar disorder.
Different Niemann-Pick C1 Genotypes Generate Protein Phenotypes that Vary in their Intracellular Processing, Trafficking and Localization
Authors: Shammas Hadeel , Kuech Eva-Maria , Rizk Sandra , Das Anibh M. , Naim Hassan Y. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNiemann-Pick Type C (NP-C) is an inherited neurovisceral lysosomal storage disease characterized by a defect in the trafficking of endocytosed cholesterol. In 95% of patients the gene encoding NPC1 is affected. The correlation of the genetic background in NP-C with the clinical phenotype such as, severity and onset of liver dysfunction, ataxia, dystonia and vertical gaze palsy, has not been elucidated at the molecular level. We have designed strategies to investigate the effect of different mutations in the NPC1 gene at the protein and cellular levels. The NPC1 mutants were expressed in mammalian cells and their structural features, maturation pathways and subcellular localization elucidated. Interestingly, three classes of NPC1 mutants could be identified and further characterized. The first group comprised mutants in which the NPC1 protein revealed virtually similar structural features to the wild type species. It was trafficked to the lysosomes and colocalized with the lysosomal protein marker Lamp2. The second class of NPC1 mutants was only partially trafficked to the lysosomes, but predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the third group with the most severe phenotype, NPC1 mutants were entirely retained in the ER, colocalizing with the ER-protein marker calnexin. In conclusion, this study relates NPC1 mutations to the trafficking behavior of the NPC1 mutants along the secretory pathway. The findings are essential for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of NP-C and propose a mutation-based personalized therapeutical approach.
Cannabinoid receptor 2 deletion deteriorates myocardial infarction through the down-regulation of AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling-mediated autophagy
Authors: Hu Yao , Tao Yu , Hu Jing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) has been reported to play an important role in the regulation of pathogenesis and progression of myocardial infarction (MI). Here we tried to investigate its potential mechanisms. The ratio of infarct size in heart issue was detected by TTC staining, and cardiac functions were calculated according to echocardiographic evaluation. Cell viability in cardiomyocytes was investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. Western blot was used to detect autophagy-related proteins including Beclin-1, LC3, p62, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin rabbit (mTOR)-p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling-related proteins including AMPK, mTOR, p70S6K, and their phosphorylation formation. Rapamycin was used for the induction of autophagy. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were detected for analyzing apoptosis. TEM was used for the detection of autophagosomes. We found that CB2R deletion (CB2R KO) largely deteriorated the severity of MI and the cardiac function as well as cell viability of cardiomyocytes. Knocking out CB2R decreased the level of autophagy in heart issues from MI mice as well as cardiomyocytes under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Furthermore, CB2R dysfunction significantly attenuated the cardiac protective effects of rapamycin both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we found that CB2R-mediated autophagy was induced by AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway. Our current study demonstrated for the first time that CB2R deletion led to a detrimental effect of MI through the dysfunction of AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway, which might provide a novel insight in the treatment of MI.
Certified Nursing Assistants Want to Use External Memory Aids for Residents With Dementia: Survey Results Within an Implementation Science Framework
Authors: Douglas Natalie F. , Affoo Rebecca H. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the self-perceived knowledge and self-efficacy of certified nursing assistants (CNAs) when using external memory aids to enhance the communication and independence of residents with dementia living in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).

Method
One hundred forty-four CNAs completed a measure pertaining to self-perceived knowledge and self-efficacy of external memory aids.

Results

CNAs had favorable beliefs about the usefulness of external memory aids to help both conversation and independence in activities of daily living for residents with dementia (
M
= 4.0,
SD
= 0.84;
M
= 3.92,
SD
= 0.85) on a 5-point Likert scale, with 5 =
strongly agree
and 1 =
strongly disagree
. There were no statistically significant differences between CNAs who reported being trained to use external memory aids with residents with dementia and CNAs who reported they were not trained according to items related to self-efficacy (
U
= 2203.5,
z
= −1.483,
p
= .138;
U
= 2179,
z
= −1.547,
p
= .122;
U
= 2115,
z
= −1.82,
p
= .069;
U
= 2320,
z
= −0.942,
p
= .346).

Conclusions
Results of this study indicated that the lack of uptake of external memory aids for residents with dementia in SNFs may not solely be due to lack of buy-in or lack of time on the part of the CNA. Speech-language pathologists should provide this training to support the uptake of external memory aids for residents with dementia; however, these data suggest that current training methods may not be considerate of the nuances of implementation. Speech-language pathologists and researchers should consider the finer aspects of theoretically grounded facilitation techniques as next steps to the broader implementation of this intervention for residents with dementia living in SNFs.
Third‐order non‐linearity reduction in a bidirectional CATV/RoF hybrid transmission system using incoherent light injection and RF amplifier pre‐distortion
Authors: Mukherjee Rahul , Mandal Gour Chandra , Das Binoy , Mallick Khaleda , Patra Ardhendu Sekhar 
Published: March 2019

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a bidirectional Community Antenna Television/radio‐over‐fibre (RoF) hybrid transmission system based on incoherent light injection and RF amplifier pre‐distortion to reduce third‐order non‐linearity. At downlink, 10‐Gbps/30‐GHz data and 79 CATV channels are transmitted over 50 km single‐mode fibre (SMF), and at uplink 5‐Gbps/15‐GHz data and CATV signals are successfully transmitted concurrently over 50 km through the same SMF. The authors have found low bit‐error rate (BER) and clear eye diagrams for the RoF data signals, and obtained outstanding transmission performance in terms of carrier‐to‐noise ratio, composite second order, and composite triple‐beat for the CATV signals in downlink and uplink transmission.
Simulating stellar winds in AMUSE
Authors: van der Helm Edwin , Saladino Martha I. , Portegies Zwart Simon , Pols Onno 
Published: March 2019

Aims. We present STELLAR_WIND.PY, a module that provides multiple methods of simulating stellar winds using smoothed particle hydrodynamics codes (SPH) within the astrophysical multipurpose software environment (AMUSE) framework.
Methods. The module currently includes three ways of simulating stellar winds: With the simple wind mode, we create SPH wind particles in a spherically symmetric shell for which the inner boundary is located at the radius of the star. We inject the wind particles with a velocity equal to their terminal velocity. The accelerating wind mode is similar, but with this method particles can be injected with a lower initial velocity than the terminal velocity and they are accelerated away from the star according to an acceleration function. With the heating wind mode, SPH particles are created with zero initial velocity with respect to the star, but instead wind particles are given an internal energy based on the integrated mechanical luminosity of the star. This mode is designed to be used on longer timescales and larger spatial scales compared to the other two modes and assumes that the star is embedded in a gas cloud.
Results. We present a number of tests and compare the results and performance of the different methods. For fast winds, we find that both the simple and accelerating mode can reproduce the desired velocity, density and temperature profiles. For slow winds, the simple wind mode is insufficient due to dominant hydrodynamical effects that change the wind velocities. The accelerating mode, with additional options to account for these hydrodynamical effects, can still reproduce the desired wind profiles. We test the heating mode by simulating both a normal wind and a supernova explosion of a single star in a uniform density medium. The stellar wind simulation results matches the analytical solution for an expanding wind bubble. The supernova simulation gives qualitatively correct results, but the simulated bubble expands faster than the analytical solution predicts. We conclude with an example of a triple star system which includes the colliding winds of all three stars.
Quincuncial adaptive closed Kohonen (QuACK) map for the irregularly shaped comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Grieger B. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Standard global map projections cannot display the complete surface of a highly irregular body such as the Rosetta target comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko because different points on the surface can have the same longitude and latitude.
Aims. We present a concept of generalized longitudes and latitudes that allows us to display the complete comet in generalized versions of any standard map projection.
Methods. A self-organizing Kohonen map can be used to sample the surface of any 3D shape, but the unfolded map misses some area beyond its edges. Here, we combine two square grids into an inherently closed structure that really maps the complete surface of the comet. Beyond this, the closed map is topologically equivalent to the Peirce quincuncial projection of the world, which enables the definition of generalized longitudes and latitudes.
Results. While the generalized version of any map projection does not exactly share the properties of the original, such as preservation of area or shape, it behaves very similar. In particular, the generalized version of the quincuncial projection behaves very well over most of the surface area and shares the tessellation properties with its original.
Conclusions. The quincuncial adaptive closed Kohonen (QuACK) map and the concept of generalized longitudes and latitudes provide means for global maps of arbitrarily irregular shapes.
Hypominéralisation Molaire-Incisive (MIH): Hétérogénéité des tableaux cliniques et incidences thérapeutiques
Authors: Strub M. , Jung S. , Siebert T. , Clauss F. 
Published: March 2019

L’anomalie de l’émail la plus fréquemment rencontrée est l’hypominéralisation molaire-incisive. Patients et parents sont souvent demandeurs en ce qui concerne la cause de cette anomalie de structure. L’étiologie est multifactorielle, pouvant impliquer des facteurs extrinsèques environnementaux comme les molécules antibiotiques ou des perturbateurs endocriniens, et des facteurs intrinsèques comme des prédispositions génétiques consistant en des polymorphismes sur des gènes codant pour des protéines matricielles amélaires. Une association significative est également décrite entre la MIH et des antécédents de complications durant la grossesse ou de pathologies en péri-natal et post-natal. Caractérisée par un émail hypoplasique affectant au moins une première molaire permanente, elle est un challenge sur le plan de la prise en charge esthétique et des thérapeutiques conservatrices. Les tableaux cliniques sont variés et conditionnent les choix du praticien en fonction d’un gradient thérapeutique allant de la reminéralisation / désensibilisation amélaire à l’avulsion. En effet, les formes sévères peuvent compromettre la pérennité de la dent sur l’arcade lorsque la perte de substance est importante, avec ou sans lésion carieuse associée.