bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated and Interpretable Detection of Hippocampal Sclerosis in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: AID‐HS
Authors: Ripart Mathilde , DeKraker Jordan , Eriksson Maria H. , Piper Rory J. , Gopinath Siby , Parasuram Harilal , Mo Jiajie , Likeman Marcus , Ciobotaru Georgian , Sequeiros‐Peggs Philip , Hamandi Khalid , Xie Hua , Cohen Nathan T. , Su Ting‐Yu , Kochi Ryuzaburo , Wang Irene , Rojas‐Costa Gonzalo M. , Gálvez Marcelo , Parodi Costanza , Riva Antonella , D'Arco Felice , Mankad Kshitij , Clark Chris A. , Carbó Adrián Valls , Toledano Rafael , Taylor Peter , Napolitano Antonio , Rossi‐Espagnet Maria Camilla , Willard Anna , Sinclair Benjamin , Pepper Joshua , Seri Stefano , Devinsky Orrin , Pardoe Heath R. , Winston Gavin P. , Duncan John S. , Yasuda Clarissa L. , Scárdua‐Silva Lucas , Walger Lennart , Rüber Theodor , Khan Ali R. , Baldeweg Torsten , Adler Sophie , Wagstyl Konrad ,   MELD HS study group
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveHippocampal sclerosis (HS), the most common pathology associated with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), is not always visible on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), causing surgical delays and reduced postsurgical seizure‐freedom. We developed an open‐source software to characterize and localize HS to aid the presurgical evaluation of children and adults with suspected TLE.MethodsWe included a multicenter cohort of 365 participants (154 HS; 90 disease controls; 121 healthy controls). HippUnfold was used to extract morphological surface‐based features and volumes of the hippocampus from T1‐weighted MRI scans. We characterized pathological hippocampi in patients by comparing them to normative growth charts and analyzing within‐subject feature asymmetries. Feature asymmetry scores were used to train a logistic regression classifier to detect and lateralize HS. The classifier was validated on an independent multicenter cohort of 275 patients with HS and 161 healthy and disease controls.ResultsHS was characterized by decreased volume, thickness, and gyrification alongside increased mean and intrinsic curvature. The classifier detected 90.1% of unilateral HS patients and lateralized lesions in 97.4%. In patients with MRI‐negative histopathologically‐confirmed HS, the classifier detected 79.2% (19/24) and lateralized 91.7% (22/24). The model achieved similar performances on the independent cohort, demonstrating its ability to generalize to new data. Individual patient reports contextualize a patient's hippocampal features in relation to normative growth trajectories, visualise feature asymmetries, and report classifier predictions.InterpretationAutomated and Interpretable Detection of Hippocampal Sclerosis (AID‐HS) is an open‐source pipeline for detecting and lateralizing HS and outputting clinically‐relevant reports. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:62–75
Karl Ziegler – Früher Werdegang eines Wissenschaftlers
Authors: Kießling Christoph 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKarl Ziegler gilt als einer der herausragendsten Chemiker des 20. Jahrhunderts. Insbesondere seine Arbeiten zu metallorganischen Mischkatalysatoren, die die Polymerisation von Ethylen bei Normaldruck erlaubten, führten zu einer Revolution in der Kunststoffherstellung und veränderten den Alltag der gesamten Menschheit. 1963 wurde ihm dafür, zusammen mit Giulio Natta, der Nobelpreis für Chemie verliehen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird Zieglers bislang wenig beachteter, früher Werdegang in den Fokus gerückt. Geschildert werden seine Jugend‐ und Studienjahre in Marburg, die teilweise in die Zeit des Ersten Weltkriegs fallen. Anschließend wird seine Post‐Doc‐Zeit betrachtet, die ihn über Marburg und Frankfurt zu seiner ersten, außerordentlichen Professur in Heidelberg führten. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf seinem Verhältnis zum Nationalsozialismus, dem er ablehnend gegenüberstand. Ziegler erfuhr dadurch in den 1930er Jahren berufliche Schwierigkeiten, wie etwa die wiederholte Ablehnung bei der Besetzung verschiedener Lehrstühle. Geschildert wird in Folge seine Berufung zum ordentlichen Lehrstuhlinhaber in Halle und sein anschließendes Direktorat am Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung, wo er schließlich seine größte Forschungsleistung erbrachte.
Spatial and Temporal Visualization of Polymorphic Transformations in Pharmaceutical Tablets
Authors: Gasol‐Cardona Julia , Ward Martin R. , Gutowski Olof , Drnec Jakub , Jandl Christian , Stam Danny , Maloney Andrew G. P. , Markl Daniel , Price Stephen W. T. , Oswald Iain D. H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractX‐ray Diffraction Computed Tomography (XRD‐CT) represents a cutting‐edge method for non‐destructive material analysis, offering the unique capability of providing molecular‐level information with spatial resolution. In this study, we have applied XRD‐CT to investigate pharmaceutically relevant tablets that have been subjected to a range of compression pressures typical in tablet manufacturing. By employing XRD‐CT to pharmaceutical tablets, we reveal material changes without tablet destruction, thereby avoiding potential phase transformations during sample preparation that could lead to errors in the interpretation of the processes that have occurred. Utilizing a pressure‐sensitive marker, glycolide, we have tracked changes within tablet structures induced by compression, pinpointing locations where glycolide undergoes pressure‐induced transformation. Additionally, we conducted a follow‐up study with analysis one month later, observing an in situ hydrolysis reaction of glycolide within the tablets. Through the complementary use of electron diffraction, we have elucidated the structure of the hydrolysis product, further enhancing our understanding of temporal changes in the tablets.
Ion‐Selective Mobility Differential Amplifier: Enhancing Pressure‐Induced Voltage Response in Hydrogels
Authors: Yang Kai , Li Bolong , Ma Zhihao , Xu Jiangang , Wang Dong , Zeng Zhiheng , Ho Derek 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPiezoionics is an emerging mechanical‐electrical energy conversion paradigm that enables self‐powered sensing systems for next‐generation intelligent wearable electronics. However, there are currently no rational design approaches to enhance the stimulus response of piezoionic devices. Here, we present a strategy using crown ether as ion‐selective mobility differential amplifiers for enhancing the pressure‐induced voltage response in ionic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels. The crown ether grafted PVA (PVA‐CE) hydrogel prototype achieves a 30‐fold amplified piezoionic coefficient of 1490 nV Pa−1 within 0–1 kPa, compared to 49 nV Pa−1 of the unmodified PVA. The PVA‐CE exhibits an ultra‐low pressure detection limit of 0.2 Pa with a fast response time of 18.1 ms. Leveraging these properties, we further demonstrate arrayed pressure sensing with a PVA‐CE piezoionic skin, analogous to the human somatosensory network. These capabilities hold great promises for emerging healthcare applications such as synthetic biology, soft robotics, and beyond.
Transmembrane Ion Channels: From Natural to Artificial Systems
Authors: Yan Tengfei , Liu Junqiu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNatural channel proteins allow the selective permeation of ions, water or other nutritious entities across bilayer membranes, facilitating various essential physiological functions in living systems. Inspired by nature, chemists endeavor to simulate the structural features and transport behaviors of channel proteins through biomimetic strategies. In this review, we start from introducing the inherent traits of channel proteins such as their crystal structures, functions and mechanisms. Subsequently, different kind of synthetic ion channels including their design principles, dynamic regulations and therapeutic applications were carefully reviewed. Finally, the potential challenges and opportunities in this research field were also carefully discussed. It is anticipated that this review could provide some inspiring ideas and future directions towards the construction of novel bionic ion channels with higher‐level structures, properties, functions and practical applications.
Fullerene‐Hybridized Fused‐Ring Electron Acceptor with High Dielectric Constant and Isotropic Charge Transport for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Fang Haisheng , Chen Qiaomei , Lin Yi , Xu Xinjie , Wang Jiali , Li Mengdi , Xiao Chengyi , McNeill Christopher R. , Tang Zheng , Lu Zhou , Li Weiwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel isotropic fullerene‐hybridized fused‐ring electron acceptor, designated C60‐Y, has been synthesized via a mild [4+2] Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction with fullerene C60 to enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Comparative analysis shows that C60‐Y significantly outperforms the control acceptor Me−Y, with a notable increase in the relative dielectric constant from 2.79 to 3.95. This improvement enhances exciton dissociation and reduces non‐radiative energy losses. Additionally, the isotropic molecular packing of C60‐Y, similar to fullerene, facilitates efficient interface formation with donor polymers and improves charge mobility. As a result, incorporating C60‐Y as an electron acceptor increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of binary OSCs to 15.02 %, surpassing the 13.31 % achieved with Me−Y. Moreover, when integrated into a ternary blend system, an impressive PCE of 19.22 % is achieved, top‐performing among reported ternary OSCs utilizing fullerene derivatives as the third component. These results suggest that fullerene‐hybridized acceptors like C60‐Y hold great potential for advancing high‐efficiency OSCs by enhancing exciton dissociation, reducing energy losses, and improving charge mobility.
Aeration‐Free Photo‐Fenton‐Like Reaction Mediated by Heterojunction Photocatalyst toward Efficient Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Lianxin , Zhou Puyang , Gan Yu , Liu Weipeng , Wang Yiwen , Deng Yilin , Li Hongping , Xie Meng , Xu Yuanguo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe regulation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation by photo‐assisted heterogeneous catalysis is under in‐depth investigation with potential as a replaceable advanced oxidation process in water purification, yet it remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy to construct polyethylene glycol (PEG) well‐coupled dual‐defect VO−M–Co3O4@CNx S‐scheme heterojunction to degrade organic pollutants without aeration, which dramatically provides abundant active sites, excellent photo‐thermal property, and distinct charge transport pathway for PMS activation. The degradation rate of VO−M−Co3O4@CNx in anaerobic conditions shows a higher efficient rate (4.58 min−1 g−2) than in aerobic conditions (1.67 min−1 g−2). Experimental evidence reveals that VO−M−Co3O4@CNx promotes more rapid redox conversion of photoexcited electrons induced by defects with PMS under anaerobic conditions compared to aerobic conditions. Additionally, in situ experiments and DFT provide mechanistic insights into the regulation pathway of PMS activation via synergistic defect‐induced electron, revealing the competitive effect between O2 and PMS over VO−M−Co3O4@CNx during the reaction process. The continuous flow reactor and flow cytometry results demonstrated that the VO−M−Co3O4@CNx/PMS/Vis system has remarkably enhanced stability and purification capability for removing organic pollutants. This work provides valuable insights into regulating the heterologous catalysis oxidation process without aeration through the photoexcitation synergistic PMS activation.
Heptannulated Perylene Diimides: Formation and Reactivity of Electron‐Deficient Tropylium Cations and Heptafulvenes
Authors: Wiencierz Agata , Lis Tadeusz , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Cybińska Joanna , Stępień Marcin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of new π‐conjugated motifs opens pathways to previously unexplored classes of organic semiconductors and functional dyes. In this study, five‐ and seven‐membered carbocycles were fused at the ortho and bay regions of electron‐deficient perylenes, starting from a common dialdehyde precursor. Structural analysis of the resulting perylene tetraesters, dianhydrides, and diimides (PDIs) revealed three distinct ring‐fusion patterns and defined stereochemistry. The fused PDI cycloheptatrienes demonstrated susceptibility to acid‐catalyzed transarylation, involving tropylium cation intermediates, which can be used preparatively. Under superacidic conditions, the PDI tropylium cations were directly observed and shown to undergo hydride‐transfer reductions. Additionally, a fused PDI bis(heptafulvene) was synthesized by dehydrogenating a suitably substituted PDI cycloheptatriene. The final system contains two quinomethane units, which can be protonated to yield a stable tropylium‐like dication.
Biofabrication and Characterisation of Ni‐Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles With Enhanced Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Vindhya P. S. , Suresh Sandhya , Kavitha V. T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe present work focuses on Annona muricata leaf extract–mediated green synthesis of pure and nickel‐doped tin oxide nanoparticles for 3%, 5% and 7% concentrations. The properties of the obtained nanoparticles were investigated through XRD, FTIR, XPS, HRTEM–SAED, SEM–EDX and UV–visible spectroscopy techniques. The XRD pattern reveals all samples have tetragonal structures with high crystallinity. The Sn–O stretching vibration has been confirmed through FTIR spectra. The XPS results demonstrate that Sn0.93Ni0.07O2 nanoparticles have Sn3d, Ni2p and O1s oxidation states. EDX spectra contain Ni, Sn and O elements, which indicate the purity of the samples. UV–visible absorption spectrum shows decreases in optical energy bandgap with increases in nickel dopant concentration. The samples exhibit notable antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Also, Sn0.93Ni0.07O2 nanoparticle has higher antifungal activity against A. niger than against C. albicans. Moreover, SnO2 nanoparticles have considerable antioxidant activity in DPPH scavenging compared to Sn0.93Ni0.07O2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, SnO2 nanoparticles have a better cytotoxic effect for L929 normal fibroblast cell lines with an LD50 value of 146.42 μg/mL. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of SnO2 and Sn0.93Ni0.07O2 nanoparticles was done against methylene blue dye under direct sunlight irradiation. Overall, environmentally friendly synthetic pure and Ni‐doped SnO2 nanoparticles can be used in wastewater filter technologies as well as in medical aids due to their better cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects.
Use of Electrospun Cellulose Acetate/Silica Composites as Multifunctional Ingredients in Eco‐Friendly Semisolid Lubricant Formulations
Authors: Toro‐Gallego Manuel , Valencia Concepción , Sánchez M. Carmen , Martín‐Alfonso José E. , Franco José M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCellulose acetate/silica (CA/SIL) nanocomposites are prepared by electrospinning and investigated as multifunctional ingredients in eco‐friendly semisolid lubricant formulations. The structuring ability of these electrospun composites in castor oil and the antifriction and antiwear properties are examined through rheological and tribological experiments. The multifunctionality of CA/SIL composites arises from a balance between the silica content and the formation of nanofiber‐dominated structures. The linear viscoelasticity functions in the oleo‐dispersions increase by several orders of magnitude with both the spinning solution concentration and the CA:SIL ratio. However, the rheological response primarily depends on the morphology of the nanofiber mat obtained, specifically nanofiber diameter and the presence of beads. In contrast, the silica content significantly impacts the tribological performance of the oleo‐dispersions regardless of nanofiber morphology. For similar nanoarchitectures and rheological responses, the friction coefficient is reduced from 0.227 to 0.108 by incorporating silica in a 10:1 CA:SIL ratio, compared with the SIL‐free electrospun CA nanofibers, while wear is completely prevented. Increasing the composite concentration from 5 to 12.5 wt. % enhances wear protection and the gel strength of oleo‐dispersions, for example, the plateau modulus rises from 800 to 42,000 Pa using a composite with a 10:1 CA:SIL ratio.
Comparative Analysis of the Use of Polymers and Release Agents in Mold Manufacturing for Polyurethane Foam (PUR) Production
Authors: Guerrero‐Vacas Guillermo , Rodríguez‐Alabanda Óscar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on optimizing the demolding process in polyurethane foam (PUR) production evaluating the interaction between different polymeric materials used for mold manufacturing and release agents. Three polymers—polyamide (PA), polyacetal (POM), and polypropylene (PP)—were tested with water‐based and solvent‐based release agents assessing their effectiveness in reducing PUR foam adherence. Specimens were fabricated by CNC machining and surface roughness, hydrophobicity, demolding energy, and peel‐off stress over four cumulative foam manufacturing cycles have been measured. PP, particularly combined with water‐based release agents, exhibited significantly lower PUR foam adherence (2–7 times less), surface roughness (3–18 times less), and required demolding energy (1–12 times less) than PA and POM. Statistical analysis confirmed the mold material as the most influencing factor in the process. These findings suggest that PP offers the most efficient demolding process, reducing both energy consumption and surface wear, providing a new way to improve efficiency and sustainability in PUR foam production. In conclusion, low adhesion polymeric materials can be an alternative to the metallic materials commonly used in the manufacture of molds for the PUR foam manufacturing process, leading to significant improvements in sustainability and efficiency.
Secondary metabolite profiles and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity of ethanolic extracts from nine genotypes of Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Schadich Ermin , Kaczorová Dominika , Béres Tibor , Džubák Petr , Hajdúch Marián , Tarkowski Petr , Ćavar Zeljković Sanja 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study deals with the comprehensive phytochemical composition and antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 of acidic (non‐decarboxylated) and neutral (decarboxylated) ethanolic extracts from seven high‐cannabidiol (CBD) and two high‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) Cannabis sativa L. genotypes. Their secondary metabolite profiles, phytocannabinoid, terpenoid, and phenolic, were determined by LC‐UV, GC‐MS, and LC‐MS/MS analyses, respectively. All three secondary metabolite profiles, cannabinoid, terpenoid, and phenolic, varied significantly among cannabinoid extracts of different genotypes. The dose–response analyses of their antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 showed that only the single predominant phytocannabinoids (CBD or THC) of the neutral extracts exhibited antiviral activity (all IC50 < 10.0 μM). The correlation matrix between phytoconstituent levels and antiviral activity revealed that the phenolic acids, salicylic acid and its glucoside, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid, and two flavonoids, abietin, and luteolin, in different cannabinoid extracts from high‐CBD genotypes are implicated in the genotype‐distinct antagonistic effects on the predominant phytocannabinoid. On the other hand, these analyses also suggested that the other phytocannabinoids and the flavonoid orientin can enrich the extract's pharmacological profiles. Thus, further preclinical studies on cannabinoid extract formulations with adjusted non‐phytocannabinoid compositions are warranted to develop supplementary antiviral treatments.
Utilization of early therapeutic supports by autistic preschoolers in Australia: A cross‐sectional study following implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme
Authors: Pye Katherine , Le Ha N. D. , Iacono Teresa , Gold Lisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere are many types of support for young autistic children and their families, but service use in this population is not well understood. In this study, primary caregivers of autistic preschoolers were surveyed (n = 95) and a selection were then interviewed (n = 19) to understand how early, therapeutic supports were accessed by families in Australia following the establishment of a National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). This article presents the quantitative data from surveys and interviews. Families usually accessed at least two types of support. The most accessed supports were occupational therapy, speech pathology and psychology, with 43% of the sample accessing some other form of support. Multiple linear regression indicated that children's higher level of support need, living in less remote or less socio‐economically disadvantaged areas, and high household income were associated with higher numbers of supports accessed. Services tended to follow an individual, clinic‐based model and little use of alternative service delivery was reported. The findings indicate that Australian families are accessing a wider range of support types than before the NDIS and children with more substantial autism‐related support needs are likely to access a greater number of types of supports. Socio‐economic inequities continue to exist and should be addressed.
Newly discovered harvestmen relict eyes eyeing for their functions
Authors: Friedrich Markus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMost chelicerates operate the world with two kinds of visual organs, the median and lateral eyes of the arthropod ground plan. In harvestmen (Opiliones), however, members of the small and withdrawn suborder Cyphophthalmi lack eyes except for two genera with lateral eyes. In the other suborders (Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, and Laniatores), lateral eyes are absent but median eyes pronounced. To resolve the phylogenetic history of these contrasting trait states and the taxonomic position of a four‐eyed harvestmen fossil, visual system development was recently studied in the daddy longleg Phalangium opilio (Eupnoi). This effort uncovered not only a highly regressed and internalized pair of lateral eyes but also a similarly cryptic pair of additional median eyes. After recounting the evo‐devo discovery journey of uncompromising harvestmen taxonomists, this review explores comparative evidence that the enigmatic P. opilio relict eyes might serve the multichannel zeitgeber system of the biological clock.
Adaptation of Aglycosylated Monoclonal Antibodies for Improved Production in Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Yang Yuchen , Dalvie Neil C. , Brady Joseph R. , Naranjo Christopher A. , Lorgeree Timothy , Rodriguez‐Aponte Sergio A. , Johnston Ryan S. , Tracey Mary K. , Elenberger Carmen M. , Lee Eric , Tié Mark , Love Kerry R. , Love J. Christopher 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a major class of biopharmaceuticals manufactured by well‐established processes using Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Next‐generation biomanufacturing using alternative hosts like Komagataella phaffii could improve the accessibility of these medicines, address broad societal goals for sustainability, and offer financial advantages for accelerated development of new products. Antibodies produced by K. phaffii, however, may manifest unique molecular quality attributes, like host‐dependent, product‐related variants, that could raise potential concerns for clinical use. We demonstrate here conservative modifications to the amino acid sequence of aglycosylated antibodies based on the human IgG1 isotype that minimize product‐related variations when secreted by K. phaffii. A combination of 2–3 changes of amino acids reduced variations across six different aglycosylated versions of commercial mAbs. Expression of a modified sequence of NIST mAb in both K. phaffii and CHO cells showed comparable biophysical properties and molecular variations. These results suggest a path toward the production of high‐quality mAbs that could be expressed interchangeably by either yeast or mammalian cells. Improving molecular designs of proteins to enable a range of manufacturing strategies for well‐characterized biopharmaceuticals could accelerate global accessibility and innovations.