bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Single Ag Nanowires into Super‐Large AgAu Elliptic Rings via a Water/Oil Interface‐Oriented Asymmetrical Etching
Authors: Geng Wen‐Chao , Shen Wen‐Jin , Xue Huan‐Huan , Sang Ji‐Long , Zhou Lin‐Nan , Yin Xia , Li Yong‐Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNanoring as one of fascinating geometries exhibits unique size‐dependent physical and chemical properties endowed by its circular feature. However, to the best of our knowledge, super‐large elliptical nanorings cannot be fabricated by the existing techniques. Herein, we successfully fabricated super‐large elliptical AgAu nanorings creatively by splitting single Ag nanowires along their longitudinal axes involving oil/water interfacial self‐assembly of Ag nanowires and the galvanic replacement between interfacial Ag nanowires and AuCl4− located in the water phase. The formation of AgAu nanoring is mainly attributed to the local nanomasking of Au atoms and asymmetrical etching on interfacial Ag nanowire. Additionally, as‐prepared super‐large elliptical AgAu nanorings with rough surfaces exhibit enhanced catalytic performance towards the reduction of p‐nitrophenol due to the combination of the compositional and structural effects. This strategy, without doubt, provides a convenient way for precisely carving nanoparticles, and has the potential for processing other metallic or non‐metallic nanoparticles.
Towards More Effective, Reversible pH Control by Visible Light Alone: A Thioindigo Photoswitch Undergoing a Strong pKaModulation by Isomer‐Specific Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Koeppe Benjamin , Rühl Steffen , Römpp Florian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe have synthesized and characterized a thioindigo photoswitch featuring phenolic residues forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond exclusively in thecis isomer. In acetone–water mixtures, wavelength‐dependent photostationary states reached their maximum and minimum values of up to 95 % and down to 11 %cisisomers at circaλ=580 and 480 nm, respectively. Within a few hours, room‐temperature thermal isomerization is negligible in neutral and mildly acidic solutions. Protic media decreasetrans→cisbut increasecis→transquantum yields. In CD3OD solution, in which light of any wavelength absorbed triggers the latter process almost exclusively, a19F NMR titration is used to calculate pKavalues of 7.2 (trans) and 5.0 (cis; both rescaled to water) corresponding to a change in dissociation constant of 2.2 orders of magnitude. Future derivatives featuring solubility and reversible photochromism in water may provide pH modulation of similar amplitude in a range adjustable by the choice of phenolic substituents.
Potential inhibition of major human cytochrome P450 isoenzymes by selected tropical medicinal herbs—Implication for herb–drug interactions
Authors: Showande Segun Johnson , Fakeye Titilayo Oyelola , Kajula Marena , Hokkanen Juho , Tolonen Ari 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing use of medicinal herbs as nutritional supplements and traditional medicines for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and malaria fever with conventional drugs poses possibilities of herb–drug interactions (HDIs). The potential of nine selected widely used tropical medicinal herbs in inhibiting human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes was investigated.Materials and methodsIn vitro inhibition of eight major CYP isoenzymes by aqueous extracts of Allium sativum, Gongronema latifolium, Moringa oleifera, Musa sapientum, Mangifera indica, Tetracarpidium conophorum, Alstonia boonei, Bauhinia monandra, and Picralima nitida was estimated in human liver microsomes by monitoring twelve probe metabolites of nine probe substrates with UPLC/MS‐MS using validated N‐in‐one assay method.ResultsMangifera indica moderately inhibited CYP2C8, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP2C9 with IC50 values of 37.93, 57.83, 67.39, 54.83, and 107.48 μg/ml, respectively, and Alstonia boonei inhibited CYP2D6 (IC50 = 77.19 μg/ml). Picralima nitida inhibited CYP3A4 (IC50 = 45.58 μg/ml) and CYP2C19 (IC50 = 73.06 μg/ml) moderately but strongly inhibited CYP2D6 (IC50 = 1.19 μg/ml). Other aqueous extracts of Gongronema latifolium, Bauhinia monandra, and Moringa oleifera showed weak inhibitory activities against CYP1A2. Musa sapientum, Allium sativum, and Tetracarpidium conophorum did not inhibit the CYP isoenzymes investigated.ConclusionPotential for clinically important CYP‐metabolism‐mediated HDIs is possible for Alstonia boonei, Mangifera indica, and Picralima nitida with drugs metabolized by CYP 2C8, 2B6, 2D6, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4. Inhibition of CYP2D6 by Picralima nitida is of particular concern and needs immediate in vivo investigations.
Evaluation of the phytochemical content, in vitro antioxidant capacity, biochemical and histological effects of Dennettia tripetala fruits in healthy rats
Authors: Omage Sylvia O. , Orhue Noghayin E. J. , Omage Kingsley 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe estimated the content of specific phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant properties of the powder, aqueous, and ethanolic extracts of ripe Dennettia tripetala fruits. We also tested the biochemical and histological effects of these fruit extracts on healthy rats. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared from the powder of ripe D. tripetala fruits, and standard phytochemical methods were used to evaluate its phytochemical content and antioxidant properties. Eighteen rats were randomized into three groups, one of which served as control, while the second and third groups received the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of D. tripetala fruits, respectively, at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg bw daily for 28 days. Our results show that the powder as well as the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of ripe D. tripetala fruits contains phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. The plant powder as well as both extracts scavenged DPPH and hydrogen peroxide as well as reduced ferric ions. The extracts of D. tripetala fruits did not alter liver marker enzymes or serum protein profile of the rats. The extracts also did not alter the serum concentration of urea and creatinine and the antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation levels in the liver but altered that of the kidney. The extracts altered the serum and liver lipid profile but not to any significant extents. Also, the extracts caused minimal congestion to the centrioles of the liver but were not in any other way toxic to the liver, kidney, or heart of the rats. Our results point to the fact that the fruits of D. tripetala possess phytochemicals with medicinal properties and are well tolerated by rats.
Dynamic effects of fermentation on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of wampee (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeel) leaves
Authors: Li Quan , Chang Xiaoxiao , Guo Ruixue , Wang Qijun , Guo Xinbo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVariations in the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties were studied in the wine of wampee leaves obtained at different stages of fermentation process. The highest concentrations of total phenolic and flavonoid contents were attained at Day 12 and Day 21 of fermentation, respectively. In addition, five phytochemical compounds including vanillic acid, p‐coumaric acid, rutin, ferulic acid, and 7‐hydroxycoumarin were identified and quantified by HPLC in fermented wampee products. The strongest antioxidant activity in wine was monitored on Day 12. Furthermore, total antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with vanillic acid, p‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and 7‐hydroxycoumarin compared with rutin. The obtained results suggested that 12‐day fermentation could be an optimal process for excavation of applying wampee leaves into food and wine industries.
Nutritional content of selected species of tropical eggplant fruit (Solanum spp) diet Attenuates hepatic inflammation in high‐fat fed male Wistar rats induced with streptozotocin
Authors: Nwanna Esther Emem , Ibukun Emmanuel O. , Oboh Ganiyu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTropical Solanum species contains a high level of phenolic acids and flavonoids, which were found to inhibit some key enzymes associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in in vitro and in vivo models based on earlier studies. This study was further designed to compare the nutritional properties, glycemic index, and hypolipidemic and the antioxidant effects of three species of tropical eggplant fruit (Solanum kumba, Solanum aethiopicum, and Solanum gilo) diet on streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats. The animal model was subjected to high‐fat diet prior to interperitional administration of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg wt); thereafter, the rats were given supplemented eggplant fruit diet, which lasted for 14 days. Determination of lipid content [triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipoproteins (LDLs), high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs), and total cholesterol (TC)], was assessed, while the liver biomarker enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), also endogenous enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were determined. Histopathological assessment of inflammation was carried out on kidney while the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, and creatinine level on the kidney function were determined. The results showed that the groups with supplemented eggplant diet had significant (p < 0.05) reduction in lipid profile, decreased leakages of the liver, and kidney function enzymes while there was restoration of depleted endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The inflammatory cells and fat deposit from the histopathological view were reduced. However, S. kumba had the best nutritional output.
Digital long‐term topoclimate surfaces of the Pyrenees mountain range for the period 1950–2012
Authors: Batalla Meritxell , Ninyerola Miquel , Catalan Jordi 
Published: November 2018

Long‐term climate data accounting for high‐spatial variability and detailed topographic effects are crucial for research and management in complex terrains such as mountain ranges. Here, we introduce the Pyrenean Digital Climate Atlas based on data from around 400 weather stations located across the range during the 1950–2012 period. Average monthly, seasonal, and annual temporal resolutions are provided for 30‐m spatial resolution surfaces. Local heterogeneity was considered, integrating meteorological station data, high‐quality terrain information (altitude, latitude, distance to the sea, and solar potential radiation) and multivariate regression modelling in a Geographical Information System. Climate surfaces of air temperature (minimum, maximum, and mean) and precipitation were obtained and used to derive maps of bioclimatic interest such as potential evapotranspiration, water availability, and growing degree‐days. Metadata are provided in XML standard format (ISO 19139) with all the usual fields and quality indicators for each map, with an RMSE ranging from 0.7 to 1.2°C and 11 to 15 mm for air temperature and precipitation maps respectively. The Atlas is available in GeoTIFF format at the ZENODO repository.Open PracticesThis article has earned an Open Data badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.1186639. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Early geomagnetic data from the Astronomical Observatory of Madrid (1879–1901)
Authors: Pro Carmen , Vaquero José M. , Merino‐Pizarro Dámaris 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe recovery of early geomagnetic data is essential to improve knowledge of the evolution of the geomagnetic field. A recently recovered dataset is described that includes mean decadal (10 days) values of the geomagnetic declination and some disperse values of geomagnetic inclination measured at the Astronomical Observatory of Madrid from 1879 to 1901. These recovered data are compared directly with the results obtained from a geomagnetic model. The data have now been made accessible for the scientific community in digital form.Open PracticesThis article has earned an Open Data badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.885886. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Using the magnetoencephalogram to noninvasively measure magnetite in the living human brain
Authors: Khan Sheraz , Cohen David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring the past several decades there has been much interest in the existence of magnetite particles in the human brain and their accumulation with age. These particles also appear to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases of the brain. However, up to now the amount and distribution of these particles has been measured only in post‐mortem brain tissue. Although in‐vivo MRI measurements do show iron compounds generally, MRI cannot separate them according to their magnetic phases, which are associated with their chemical interactions. In contrast, we here offer a new noninvasive, in‐vivo method which is selectively sensitive only to particles which can be strongly magnetized. We magnetize these particles with a strong magnetic field through the head, and then measure the resulting magnetic fields, using the dcMagnetoencephalogram (dcMEG). From these data, the mass and locations of the particles can be estimated, using a distributed inverse solution. To test the method, we measured 11 healthy male subjects (ages 19–89 year). Accumulation of magnetite, in the hippocampal formation or nearby structures, was observed in the older men. These in‐vivo findings agree with reports of post‐mortem measurements of their locations, and of their accumulation with age. Thus, our findings allow in‐vivo measurement of magnetite in the human brain, and possibly open the door for new studies of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain.
Electrochemical studies of the multi‐step multi‐electron redox process of tetraferrocenyloligothiophenes with electron donor and acceptor abilities
Authors: Muraoka Hiroki , Ozawa Kouhei , Ogawa Satoshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe have designed and synthesized tetraferrocenyloligothiophenes, namely, 4,4′5,5′‐tetraferrocenyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene (TFBT) and 4,4″,5,5″‐tetraferrocenyl‐2,2′:5′,2″‐terthiophene (TFTT). By using an electrochemical technique, we revealed that tetraferrocenyloligothiophenes show multi‐redox reactions derived from four ferrocene fragments and one α‐oligothiophene spacer, and a number of the thiophene rings in the α‐oligothiophene spacer can be attuned to the redox potentials and the multiple electron transfer process. Consequently, we have succeeded in the construction of different types of multi‐step multi‐electron redox systems by constructing four organometallic redox‐active ferrocenes and one organic redox‐active α‐oligothiophene differing in the number of thiophene rings.
Relations between cardinalities of the finite sequences and the finite subsets of a set
Authors: Aksornthong Navin , Vejjajiva Pimpen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe write and for the cardinalities of the set of finite sequences and the set of finite subsets, respectively, of a set which is of cardinality . With the axiom of choice (), for every infinite cardinal but, without , any relationship between and for an arbitrary infinite cardinal cannot be proved. In this paper, we give conditions that make and comparable for an infinite cardinal . Among our results, we show that, if we assume the axiom of choice for sets of finite sets, then for every Dedekind‐infinite cardinal and the condition that is Dedekind‐infinite cannot be weakened to weakly Dedekind‐infinite.
Brachial Neuritis After Botulinum Toxin Injections for Cervical Dystonia: A Need for a Reappraisal?
Authors: Cani Ilaria , Latorre Anna , Cordivari Carla , Balint Bettina , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundBrachial neuritis has previously been described as a rare occurrence in patients receiving botulinum toxin for cervical or writing/focal arm dystonia.MethodsWe report four cases of patients with a long history of cervical dystonia treated with botulinum toxin injections.ResultsAll patients developed pain and muscular weakness around the shoulder, with EMG studies suggesting brachial neuritis.ConclusionsIn the context of these observations, we discuss the question of an association between brachial neuritis and botulinum toxin treatment.
Bidirectional SMF and PF‐POF transmission of 400 Gbps Nyquist shaped on DP‐QPSK systems
Authors: Sousa Artur N. e , Ferreira Ricardo , Alimi Isiaka , Shahpari Ali , Lima Mário , Teixeira António 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis work experimentally shows a transmission path based on standard single‐mode optical fiber and perfluorinated graded‐index plastic optical fiber with the connections between distinct optical fibers being made by fiber collimators using free‐space optical transmission. The data stream consists of a bidirectional 400 Gbps optical transmission using four wavelength channels with quadrature phase‐shift keying modulation format, combined with dual‐polarization and Nyquist pulse‐shaped. The results obtained seeks to study the use of short‐distance cables in plastic optical fiber as a flexible means of interconnection, when inserted between single‐mode optical fibers or as a coupling medium between devices with single‐mode optical inputs/outputs located in data centers/video headends.
A compact Doherty power amplifier for massive multi‐input multi‐output applications
Authors: Noh YounSub , Sin CheonSig 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA Doherty power amplifier composed of GaAs IPDs (Lange coupler and Doherty combiner) and GaN MMICs (carrier amplifier and peaking amplifier) is presented for 5G massive multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO). No input phase compensation circuit and no output offset lines were used for a compact design and the assembled Doherty power amplifier is as small as 6.6 mm × 3.6 mm with a saturation output power of 46 dBm. The asymmetric Doherty power amplifier exhibits a gain greater than 27.8 dB, PAE greater than 39.8% at average output power of 38 dBm, and ACLR less than −27.7 dBc using a 20 MHz LTE signal with 7.5 dB PAR across 3.6‐3.8 GHz.
Bandwidth enhancement of top‐mount vertical coaxial‐to‐microstrip transitions
Authors: Li Eric S. , Sung Meng‐Han , Lo Jay‐Yuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTwo broadband designs for top‐mount vertical coaxial‐to‐microstrip transitions are proposed. Both feature eccentric structures to facilitate the electromagnetic field transformation between the two transmission lines, which would increase the 1‐dB passband of the transitions. One design is characterized by a through hole next to the strip end of the microstrip line, whereas the other has a circular slot in the ground plane and underneath the strip end. Both are created to improve the vertical connection between the strip end and the center conductor of the coaxial connector. The optimum simulation results of the presented design examples demonstrate nearly 190% and 230% increases in the 1‐dB passband, respectively, compared to the corresponding conventional design. The validity of the simulation results was confirmed experimentally. More simulations indicate that the designs can serve for microstrip lines of different physical properties, and work well for transitions to another popular transmission line, coplanar waveguide.
Effects of four‐dimensional simulation of boost radiation after breast conservation surgery: A prospective dosimetric and volumetric analysis
Authors: Kapoor Rakesh , Gupta Anil , Miriyala Raviteja , Oinam Arun Singh , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveBreast conservation therapy is the standard of care for early breast cancer. After whole breast irradiation, lumpectomy cavity boost increases local control and survival. However, accurate identification of the tumor bed and internal displacement caused by respiratory movements poses major challenges in achieving the optimal therapeutic index. Although surgical clips are considered accurate surrogates for localization of the tumor bed, no consensus has been reached regarding the use of motion management during treatment delivery. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the dosimetric and volumetric effects of respiratory motion on the delivery of boost radiation using 4‐D computed tomography simulation.MethodsA total of 25 patients undergoing tumor bed boost radiation were recruited prospectively. Dosimetric and volumetric comparisons were made between conformal plans formed with 3‐D and 4‐D datasets obtained from each patient.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in target volumes, degrees of inclusion, conformity indices, or homogeneity indices between the plans formed with the two datasets (P < 0.05). The magnitude of internal movement of the tumor bed was insignificant compared with the margin for setup errors.ConclusionDisplacement of the tumor bed caused by respiratory motion was minimal with insignificant dosimetric or volumetric effects, and does not warrant the routine use of 4‐D simulation or the generation of internal target volumes.
An efficient offline implementation for output feedback min‐max MPC
Authors: Hu Jianchen , Ding Baocang 
Published: November 2018

SummaryPrevious works have presented the output feedback min‐max model predictive control (MPC) for the discrete‐time system with both polytopic uncertainty and bounded persistent disturbance, where the controller parameters are optimized at each sampling instant. This paper proposes the corresponding offline approach in order to reduce the online computational burden. Such offline MPC, when the state is measurable and there is no disturbance, has been constructed in the work of Wan and Kothare (An efficient off‐line formulation of robust model predictive control using linear matrix inequalities. Automatica. 2003;39(5):837‐846). Since this paper considers the case when the true state is unknown, the ellipsoidal regions of attraction (applying only to the estimated state) lose their asymptotic invariance property, and the estimation error set (EES) has a major effect on the control performance. This paper refreshes EES invoking the one‐step reachable set and guarantees that the signals being penalized in the performance cost function to converge to a neighborhood of the equilibrium point. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Consequences of diabetes mellitus on neuronal connectivity in limbic regions
Authors: Flores‐Gómez Alejandra Aketzalli , de Jesús Gomez‐Villalobos Ma. , Flores Gonzalo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by high levels of blood glucose. In recent years, its prevalence has increased, which was 422 million in the world in 2014. In elderly patients, DM is associated with deficits in memory and learning processes. The cognitive deficits lead to dementia. With the development of animal models in DM, it has been possible to better understand quantitative morphological changes in numerous neuronal structures belonging to the limbic system, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). These structures are in close relationship with processes of memory and learning. Several reports have demonstrated that chronic hyperglycemia reduces spinogenesis and dendritic arborization in the aforementioned regions along with a decline in memory and learning processes, especially in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. In the present review, we discuss animal models, the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on dendritic morphology of limbic regions and memory and learning processes, the effect on neural transmission in these regions, the pathologic mechanisms involved, and the relevance of dendritic morphology in diabetes. All of this information can help us to have a better understanding of dementia in diabetes mellitus and propose strategies for its prevention and treatment.