bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ineffectiveness of tactile gating shows cortical basis of nociceptive signaling in the Thermal Grill Illusion
Authors: Ferrè E. R. , Iannetti G. D. , van Dijk J. A. , Haggard P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPainful burning sensations can be elicited by a spatially-alternating pattern of warm and cold stimuli applied on the skin, the so called “Thermal Grill Illusion” (TGI). Here we investigated whether the TGI percept originates spinally or centrally. Since the inhibition of nociceptive input by concomitant non-nociceptive somatosensory input has a strong spinal component, we reasoned that, if the afferent input underlying the TGI originates at spinal level, then the TGI should be inhibited by a concomitant non-nociceptive somatosensory input. Conversely, if TGI is the result of supraspinal processing, then no effect of touch on TGI would be expected. We elicited TGI sensations in a purely thermal condition without tactile input, and found no evidence that tactile input affected the TGI. These results provide further evidence against a spinal mechanism generating the afferent input producing the TGI, and indicate that the peculiar burning sensation of the TGI results from supraspinal interactions between thermoceptive and nociceptive systems.
KH176 Safeguards Mitochondrial Diseased Cells from Redox Stress-Induced Cell Death by Interacting with the Thioredoxin System/Peroxiredoxin Enzyme Machinery
Authors: Beyrath Julien , Pellegrini Mina , Renkema Herma , Houben Lisanne , Pecheritsyna Svetlana , van Zandvoort Peter , van den Broek Petra , Bekel Akkiz , Eftekhari Pierre , Smeitink Jan A. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA deficient activity of one or more of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) enzyme complexes leads to devastating diseases, with high unmet medical needs. Mitochondria, and more specifically the OXPHOS system, are the main cellular production sites of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Increased ROS production, ultimately leading to irreversible oxidative damage of macromolecules or to more selective and reversible redox modulation of cell signalling, is a causative hallmark of mitochondrial diseases. Here we report on the development of a new clinical-stage drug KH176 acting as a ROS-Redox modulator. Patient-derived primary skin fibroblasts were used to assess the potency of a new library of chromanyl-based compounds to reduce ROS levels and protect cells against redox-stress. The lead compound KH176 was studied in cell-based and enzymatic assays and in silico. Additionally, the metabolism, pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of KH176 were assessed in vivo in different animal species. We demonstrate that KH176 can effectively reduce increased cellular ROS levels and protect OXPHOS deficient primary cells against redox perturbation by targeting the Thioredoxin/Peroxiredoxin system. Due to its dual activity as antioxidant and redox modulator, KH176 offers a novel approach to the treatment of mitochondrial (-related) diseases. KH176 efficacy and safety are currently being evaluated in a Phase 2 clinical trial.
Exposure to toxic metals triggers unique responses from the rat gut microbiota
Authors: Richardson Joshua B. , Dancy Blair C. R. , Horton Cassandra L. , Lee Young S. , Madejczyk Michael S. , Xu Zhenjiang Zech , Ackermann Gail , Humphrey Gregory , Palacios Gustavo , Knight Rob , Lewis John A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOur understanding of the interaction between the gut microbiota and host health has recently improved dramatically. However, the effects of toxic metal exposure on the gut microbiota remain poorly characterized. As this microbiota creates a critical interface between the external environment and the host’s cells, it may play an important role in host outcomes during exposure. We therefore used 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing to track changes in the gut microbiota composition of rats exposed to heavy metals. Rats were exposed daily for five days to arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, or a vehicle control. Significant changes to microbiota composition were observed in response to high doses of chromium and cobalt, and significant dose-dependent changes were observed in response to arsenic, cadmium and nickel. Many of these perturbations were not uniform across metals. However, bacteria with higher numbers of iron-importing gene orthologs were overly represented after exposure to arsenic and nickel, suggesting some possibility of a shared response. These findings support the utility of the microbiota as a pre-clinical tool for identifying exposures to specific heavy metals. It is also clear that characterizing changes to the functional capabilities of microbiota is critical to understanding responses to metal exposure.
Charge Carrier Scattering in Polymers: A New Neutral Coupled Soliton Channel
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Antonio , Monteiro Fábio Ferreira , da Cunha Wiliam Ferreira , e Silva Geraldo Magela 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe dynamical scattering of two oppositely charged bipolarons in non-degenerate organic semiconducting lattices is numerically investigated in the framework of a one-dimensional tight-biding–Hubbard model that includes lattice relaxation. Our findings show that it is possible for the bipolaron pair to merge into a state composed of a confined soliton-antisoliton pair, which is characterized by the appearance of states within less than 0.1 eV from the Fermi level. This compound is in a narrow analogy to a meson confining a quark-antiquark pair. Interestingly, solitons are quasi-particles theoretically predicted to arise only in polymer lattices with degenerate ground state: in the general case of non-degenerate ground state polymers, isolated solitons are not allowed.
Stage-specific Effects of Bioactive Lipids on Human iPSC Cardiac Differentiation and Cardiomyocyte Proliferation
Authors: Sharma Arun , Zhang Yuan , Buikema Jan W. , Serpooshan Vahid , Chirikian Orlando , Kosaric Nina , Churko Jared M. , Dzilic Elda , Shieh Alice , Burridge Paul W. , Wu Joseph C. , Wu Sean M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBioactive lipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) regulate diverse processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. However, their roles in cardiac differentiation and cardiomyocyte proliferation have not been explored. Using a 96-well differentiation platform for generating human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) we found that S1P and LPA can independently enhance cardiomyocyte generation when administered at an early stage of differentiation. We showed that the combined S1P and LPA treatment of undifferentiated hiPSCs resulted in increased nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, the canonical Wnt signaling pathway mediator, and synergized with CHIR99021, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor, to enhance mesodermal induction and subsequent cardiac differentiation. At later stages of cardiac differentiation, the addition of S1P and LPA resulted in cell cycle initiation in hiPSC-CMs, an effect mediated through increased ERK signaling. Although the addition of S1P and LPA alone was insufficient to induce cell division, it was able to enhance β-catenin-mediated hiPSC-CM proliferation. In summary, we demonstrated a developmental stage-specific effect of bioactive lipids to enhance hiPSC-CM differentiation and proliferation via modulating the effect of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and ERK signaling. These findings may improve hiPSC-CM generation for cardiac disease modeling, precision medicine, and regenerative therapies.
Survey and evaluation of mutations in the human KLF1 transcription unit
Authors: Gnanapragasam Merlin Nithya , Crispino John D. , Ali Abdullah M. , Weinberg Rona , Hoffman Ronald , Raza Azra , Bieker James J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractErythroid Krüppel-like Factor (EKLF/KLF1) is an erythroid-enriched transcription factor that plays a global role in all aspects of erythropoiesis, including cell cycle control and differentiation. We queried whether its mutation might play a role in red cell malignancies by genomic sequencing of the KLF1 transcription unit in cell lines, erythroid neoplasms, dysplastic disorders, and leukemia. In addition, we queried published databases from a number of varied sources. In all cases we only found changes in commonly notated SNPs. Our results suggest that if there are mutations in KLF1 associated with erythroid malignancies, they are exceedingly rare.
Deep winter convection and phytoplankton dynamics in the NW Mediterranean Sea under present climate and future (horizon 2030) scenarios
Authors: Macias Diego , Garcia-Gorriz Elisa , Stips Adolf 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDeep water convection (DC) in winter is one of the major processes driving open-ocean primary productivity in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. DC is highly variable in time, depending on the specific conditions (stratification, circulation and ocean-atmosphere interactions) of each specific winter. This variability also drives the interannual oscillations of open-ocean primary productivity in this important region for many commercially-important fish species. We use a coupled model system to 1) understand to what extent DC impacts phytoplankton seasonality in the present-day and 2) to explore potential changes in future scenarios (~2030). Our model represents quite accurately the present-day characteristics of DC and its importance for open-ocean phytoplankton blooms. However, for the future scenarios the importance of deep nutrients in fertilizing the euphotic layer of the NW Mediterranean decreases. The model simulates changes in surface density and on the levels of kinetic energy that make mesoscale activity associated with horizontal currents to become a more important fertilization mechanism, inducing subsequently phenological changes in seasonal plankton cycles. Because of our focus on the open-sea, an exact quantification of the impact of those changes on the overall biological production of the NW Mediterranean cannot be made at the moment.
Structure and solvents effects on the optical properties of sugar-derived carbon nanodots
Authors: Papaioannou Nikolaos , Marinovic Adam , Yoshizawa Noriko , Goode Angela E. , Fay Michael , Khlobystov Andrei , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Sapelkin Andrei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCarbon nanodots are a new and intriguing class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials and are considered a promising low cost, nontoxic alternative to traditional inorganic quantum dots in applications such as bioimaging, solar cells, photocatalysis, sensors and others. Despite the abundant available literature, a clear formation mechanism for carbon nanodots prepared hydrothermally from biomass precursors along with the origins of the light emission are still under debate. In this paper, we investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and optical properties of carbon nanodots prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of glucose. Our major finding is that the widely reported excitation-dependent emission originates from solvents used to suspend the as-prepared carbon nanodots, while emission from dry samples shows no excitation-dependence. Another important highlight is that the hydrothermal conversion of biomass-derivatives under subcritical conditions leads to a heterogeneous mixture of amorphous-like nanoparticles, carbon onion-type and crystalline carbons composed of at least three different phases. The potential chemical reaction pathways involved in the formation of these hydrothermal carbon products along with a comprehensive structural and optical characterization of these systems is also provided.
Differential Interaction of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles with Leukocyte Subsets in Human Whole Blood
Authors: Weiss René , Gröger Marion , Rauscher Sabine , Fendl Birgit , Eichhorn Tanja , Fischer Michael B. , Spittler Andreas , Weber Viktoria 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSecretion and exchange of biomolecules via extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mechanisms in intercellular communication, and the roles of EVs in infection, inflammation, or thrombosis have been increasingly recognized. EVs have emerged as central players in immune regulation and can enhance or suppress the immune response, depending on the state of donor and recipient cells. We investigated the interaction of blood cell-derived EVs with leukocyte subpopulations (monocytes and their subsets, granulocytes, B cells, T cells, and NK cells) directly in whole blood using a combination of flow cytometry, imaging flow cytometry, cell sorting, and high resolution confocal microscopy. Platelet-derived EVs constituted the majority of circulating EVs and were preferentially associated with granulocytes and monocytes, while they scarcely interacted with lymphocytes. Further flow cytometric differentiation of monocyte subsets provided clear indications for a preferential association of platelet-derived EVs with intermediate (CD14++CD16+) monocytes in whole blood.
Incidence and predictors of readmission within 30 days of transurethral resection of the prostate: a single center European experience
Authors: Palmisano Franco , Boeri Luca , Fontana Matteo , Gallioli Andrea , De Lorenzis Elisa , Zanetti Stefano Paolo , Sampogna Gianluca , Spinelli Matteo Giulio , Albo Giancarlo , Longo Fabrizio , Gadda Franco , Dell’Orto Paolo Guido , Montanari Emanuele 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHospital readmission rates have been analyzed due to their contribution to increasing medical costs. Little is known about readmission rates after urological procedures. We aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of 30-day readmission after discharge in patients treated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Data from 160 consecutive patients who underwent TURP from January 2015 to December 2016 were analysed. Intra hospitalization characteristics included length of stay (LOS), catheterization time (CT) and complications. Comorbidities were scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Mean (SD) age was 70.1 (8.1) yrs and mean prostate volume was 80 (20.1) ml. Mean LOS and CT were 4.9 (2.5) days and 3.3 (1.6) days, respectively. The overall 30-day readmission rate was 14.4%, but only 7 (4.4%) patients required hospitalization. The most frequent reasons for readmission were haematuria (6.8%), fever/urinary tract infections (4.3%) and acute urinary retention (3.1%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed age, CCI and CT to be independent predictors of readmission. However, when analysed according to age at the time of surgery, a beneficial effect from longer CT was observed only for patients older than 75 years. These parameters should be taken in account at the time of discharge after TURP.
Effects of meaningfulness on perception: Alpha-band oscillations carry perceptual expectations and influence early visual responses
Authors: Samaha Jason , Boutonnet Bastien , Postle Bradley R. , Lupyan Gary 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPerceptual experience results from a complex interplay of bottom-up input and prior knowledge about the world, yet the extent to which knowledge affects perception, the neural mechanisms underlying these effects, and the stages of processing at which these two sources of information converge, are still unclear. In several experiments we show that language, in the form of verbal labels, both aids recognition of ambiguous “Mooney” images and improves objective visual discrimination performance in a match/non-match task. We then used electroencephalography (EEG) to better understand the mechanisms of this effect. The improved discrimination of images previously labeled was accompanied by a larger occipital-parietal P1 evoked response to the meaningful versus meaningless target stimuli. Time-frequency analysis of the interval between the cue and the target stimulus revealed increases in the power of posterior alpha-band (8–14 Hz) oscillations when the meaning of the stimuli to be compared was trained. The magnitude of the pre-target alpha difference and the P1 amplitude difference were positively correlated across individuals. These results suggest that prior knowledge prepares the brain for upcoming perception via the modulation of alpha-band oscillations, and that this preparatory state influences early (~120 ms) stages of visual processing.
Long-term optical, UV, and X-ray continuum variations in the changing-look AGN HE 1136-2304
Authors: Zetzl M. , Kollatschny W. , Ochmann M. W. , Grupe D. , Haas M. , Ramolla M. , Chelouche D. , Kaspi S. , Schartel N. 
Published: April 2018

Aims. A strong outburst in the X-ray continuum and a change of its Seyfert spectral type was detected in HE 1136-2304 in 2014. The spectral type changed from nearly Seyfert 2 type (1.95) to Seyfert 1.5 type in comparison to previous observations taken ten to twenty years before. In a subsequent variability campaign we wanted to investigate whether this outburst was a single event or whether the variability pattern following the outburst was similar to those seen in other variable Seyfert galaxies.
Methods. In addition to a SALT spectral variability campaign, we carried out optical continuum, as well as X-ray and UV (Swift) monitoring studies from 2014 to 2017.
Results. HE 1136-2304 strongly varied on timescales of days to months from 2014 to 2017. No systematic trends were found in the variability behavior following the outburst in 2014. A general decrease in flux would have been expected for a tidal disruption event. This could not be confirmed. More likely the flux variations are connected to irregular fluctuations in the accretion rate. The strongest variability amplitudes have been found in the X-ray regime: HE 1136-2304 varied by a factor of eight during 2015. The amplitudes of the continuum variability (from the UV to the optical) systematically decreased with wavelength following a power law Fvar = a × λ−c with c = 0.84. There is a trend that the B-band continuum shows a delay of three light days with respect to the variable X-ray flux. The Seyfert type 1.5 did not change despite the strong continuum variations for the period between 2014 and 2017.
Complete Placenta Previa: Ultrasound Biometry and Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Wortman Alison , Schaefer Stephanie , McIntire Donald , Sheffield Jeanne , Twickler Diane 
Published: April 2018

Objective To evaluate the relationship between surgical outcomes and ultrasound measurement of placental extension beyond the cervical os in women with placenta previa.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies with placenta previa undergoing third-trimester ultrasound and delivering at our institution from 2002 through 2011. For study purposes, an investigator measured placental extension, defined as the placental distance from the internal os across the placenta continuing out to the lowest placental edge. If morbidly adherent placentation was suspected, women were excluded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were developed for pertinent surgical outcomes, and multivariate analysis was performed to determine the placental extension with the best predictive discriminatory zone.
Results In total, 157 women had placenta previa, ultrasound, and delivery data: 86 (55%) had a placental extension of <40 mm, and 71 (45%) had a placental extension of ≥40 mm. Women with placental extension of ≥40 mm had increased surgical time, blood loss > 2,000 mL, blood transfusion, and rate of peripartum hysterectomy. After multivariate analysis, only peripartum hysterectomy and surgical time > 90 minutes remained significant, p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively.
Conclusion In women with placenta previa, the placental extension ultrasound measurement of ≥40 mm is a predictor of adverse surgical outcomes.
Navigating the politics of evidence-informed policymaking: strategies of influential policy actors in Ontario
Authors: Sohn Jacqueline 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPolicy studies suggest that evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) requires framing and persuasion strategies, and an investment of time to form alliances and identify the most important venue. However, this advice is very broad and often too abstract. In-depth case studies help make this advice more concrete. To understand the engagement strategies of influential policy actors, this case study examines the Ontario Poverty Reduction Strategy, a large-scale provincial policy touted as “evidence-based.” The study is based on interviews with elite policy advisors (n = 19) serving in different stages of the policymaking process. It shows that the elite advisors effectively used persuasion tactics, networking and longevity strategies to counteract a volatile political context and competing policy priorities. In light of the findings, this paper provides practical recommendations on how evidence producers can emulate such success in different contexts: understand formal and informal processes, master and exercise political acuity, and strategically establish networks with a diverse group of policy actors in order to effectively frame and communicate evidence.
Populist communication in the new media environment: a cross-regional comparative perspective
Authors: Sorensen Lone 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe changing terms of mediation place new demands, opportunities and risks on the performance of the political persona. Visibility has become a double-edged sword, leaving representatives vulnerable to exposure while new tools provide opportunities for emerging entrepreneurial actors. This double risk to elites’ mediated personas—exposure and challenge from entrepreneurs—renders their armour of authenticity dangerously fragile, which nourishes a public sense of being inefficaciously represented. It is this climate in which populism currently flourishes around the globe. Three primary criteria of mediated self-representation by politicians—visibility, authenticity and efficacy—form the focus of this paper: how do populists negotiate such demands in different democratic contexts, and wherein lies the symbiosis between populism and the new media environment suggested by the literature?To answer this, the paper compares two populist cases responding to different democratic contexts: UKIP, a right-wing party from an established democracy (UK), and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), a left-wing party from a transitional democracy (South Africa). The objects of study are disruptive performances by these parties, which are considered emblematic manifestations of populist ideology as they establish a Manichaean relationship between the elite and populist actors who embody the people. The paper introduces disruption as a multi-faceted and significant analytical concept to explain the populist behaviour and strategies that underlie populist parties’ responses to the demands for visibility, authenticity and efficacy that the new media environment places upon political representatives. Using mixed methods with an interpretive focus, the paper paints a rich picture of the contexts, meanings and means of construction of populist performances.
Commentary on “Ergodic theory of amenable group actions”: Old and new
Authors: Kra Bryna 
Published: April 2018

Immediately following the commentary below, this previously published article is reprinted in its entirety: D. Ornstein and B. Weiss, “Ergodic theory of amenable group actions, I. The Rohlin Lemma”, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 2 (1980), no. 1, 161–164.