bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needle‐free pneumatic injection device; histologic assessment using a rat model and parameter comparison in predicting collagen synthesis degree
Authors: Chun Seung Hyun , Kim Bo Young , Natari Sheila , Kim Il‐Hwan 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundNeedle‐free pneumatic injections have been recently introduced to the field of dermatology to inject such substances as hyaluronic acid. However, data on the influence of various pneumatic injection parameters on collagen synthesis are lacking.ObjectiveCompare the effect of diameter, pressure, and volume of a pneumatic injection jet on collagen synthesis and fluid dispersion pattern using a rat model. Investigate if the total work force of the injection jet is useful in predicting the degree of collagen synthesis.Materials and MethodsWe injected fluid with 1 mg/ml of hyaluronic concentration to adult rats. Different injection pressures and volumes were tested using devices with nozzles of different diameters. Collagen synthesis areas were then measured, and statistical analyses were performed.ResultsThe area of collagen fibers increased for up to two months. The injection pressure and volume did not correlate with the degree of collagen synthesis. The nozzle diameter showed a significant after two and four weeks of injection. The total work force correlated with collagen synthesis 2, 4, and 8 weeks post‐injection. (P = 0.043, 0.027, and 0.000, respectively).ConclusionCollagen formation is more prominent 2 months post‐hyaluronic acid injection than after 1 month when using a needle‐free pneumatic injection device. The total work force, which is affected by both the nozzle diameter and injection pressure, can be helpful in predicting the degree of collagen synthesis. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:278–285, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photobiomodulation with polychromatic light increases zone 4 survival of transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap
Authors: Calis Mert , Demirtas Tugrul Tolga , Sert Gokhan , Irmak Gulseren , Gumusderelioglu Menemse , Turkkani Ayten , Çakar Ayse Nur , Ozgur Figen 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of relatively novel approach of application of polychromatic light waves on flap survival of experimental musculocutaneous flap model and to investigate efficacy of this modality as a delay procedure to increase vascularization of zone 4 of transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap.MethodsTwenty‐one Wistar rats were randomized and divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 7 each). In group 1 (control group), after being raised, the TRAM flap was sutured back to its bed without any further intervention. In group 2 (delay group), photobiomodulation (PBM) was applied for 7 days as a delay procedure, before elevation of the flap. In group 3 (PBM group), the TRAM flap was elevated, and PBM was administered immediately after the flap was sutured back to its bed for therapeutic purpose. PBM was applied in 48 hours interval from 10 cm. distance to the whole abdominal wall both in groups 2 and 3 for one week. After 7 days of postoperative follow‐up, as the demarcation of necrosis of the skin paddle was obvious, skin flap survival was further evaluated by macroscopic, histological and microangiographic analysis.ResultsThe mean percentage of skin flap necrosis was 56.17 ± 23.68 for group 1, 30.92 ± 17.46 for group 2 and 22.73 ± 12.98 for group 3 PBM receiving groups 2 and 3 revealed less necrosis when compared to control group and this difference was statistically significant. Vascularization in zone 4 of PBM applied groups 2 and 3 was higher compared to group 1 (P = 0.001). Acute inflammation in zone 4 of group 1 was significantly higher compared to groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.025). Similarly, evaluation of zone 1 of the flaps reveled more inflammation and less vascularization among the samples of the control group (P = 0.006 and P = 0.007, respectively). Comparison of PBM receiving two groups did not demonstrate further difference in means of vascularization and inflammation density (P = 0.259).ConclusionApplication of PBM in polychromatic fashion enhances skin flap survival in experimental TRAM flap model both on preoperative basis as a delay procedure or as a therapeutic approach. Lasers Surg. 51:538–549, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intensity‐modulated Sagnac loop temperature sensor setup
Authors: Mądry Mateusz , Bereś‐Pawlik Elżbieta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, the novel low‐cost and simple intensity‐modulated Sagnac loop based temperature sensor setup is presented. The sensor head consists of a short length of polarization‐maintaining fiber (PMF), which is spliced to a single‐mode fiber optic coupler. Due to the short section of PMF, the spectrum has wide separation between adjacent interferometer dips. This idea ensures that transmission of a broadband light source has different losses after propagation through Sagnac loop whether temperature changes and causes shift of interferometer dips. Therefore, tracking of wavelength shift of interferometer dip is not required in this setup as it relies on direct optical power measurement. Instead of using spectral analysis instruments, we present the novel intensity‐modulated optical fiber temperature sensor based on Sagnac loop created of short section of PMF. This particular sensor was experimentally investigated for a temperature range of 25‐50.5°C and exhibited the sensitivity of 0.066 mW/1°C with resolution of 0.34°C. The setup could be easily applied in order to create fiber optic sensor network for temperature monitoring.
A 269‐278 GHz voltage‐controlled oscillator with uniform output power of 5 dBm
Authors: Choi Seung Ho , Yi Changhwan , Kim Moonil 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA terahertz oscillator design with an emphasis on the output power performance is presented. The 270‐GHz oscillator fabricated using InP 250‐nm DHBT technology adopts a common‐base cross‐coupled configuration. The design focus is on the input varactor termination by utilizing simulated power and frequency load‐pull contours. The measurement results show an improved peak output power of 5.8 dBm with an outstanding power variation of only 0.8 dB while maintaining moderate frequency‐tuning range of 269‐278 GHz.
Low‐rank plus sparse compressed sensing for accelerated proton resonance frequency shift MR temperature imaging
Authors: Cao Zhipeng , Gore John C. , Grissom William A. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeTo improve multichannel compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction for MR proton resonance frequency (PRF) shift thermography, with application to MRI‐induced RF heating evaluation and MR guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) temperature monitoring.MethodsA new compressed sensing reconstruction is proposed that enforces joint low rank and sparsity of complex difference domain PRF data between post heating and baseline images. Validations were performed on 4 retrospectively undersampled dynamic data sets in PRF applications, by comparing the proposed method to a previously described L1 and total variation‐ (TV‐) based CS approach that also operates on complex difference domain data, and to a conventional low rank plus sparse (L+S) separation‐based CS reconstruction applied to the original domain data.ResultsIn all 4 retrospective validations, the proposed reconstruction method outperformed the conventional L+S and L1+TV CS reconstruction methods with a 3.6× acceleration ratio in terms of temperature accuracy with respect to fully sampled data. For RF heating evaluation, the proposed method achieved RMS error of 12%, compared to 19% for the L+S method and 17% for the L1+TV method. For in vivo MRgFUS thalamotomy, the peak temperature reconstruction errors were 19%, 31%, and 35%, respectively.ConclusionThe complex difference‐based low rank and sparse model enhances compressibility for dynamic PRF temperature imaging applications. The proposed multichannel CS reconstruction method enables high acceleration factors for PRF applications including RF heating evaluation and MRgFUS sonication.
Mobiler Prüfaufbau für Solarkraftwerke
Authors: Naumann Volker , Schüler Nadine , Hagendorf Christian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWenn die Leistung einer Solarzelle aus kristallinem Silicium sinkt, könnte es daran liegen, dass Spannungsunterschiede am Modul das Material angegriffen haben. Diese potenzialinduzierte Degradation war bisher nur indirekt und an demontierten Modulen im Labor zu analysieren. Ein mobiles Gerät ermöglicht nun Tests vor Ort, die auch die Anfälligkeit eines Photovoltaikmoduls vorhersagen.
Mit dem richtigen Dreh die Thermodynamik überlisten
Authors: Clemens Oliver , Kunkel Nathalie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWerden anorganische Verbindungen in neuen Modifikationen oder metastabilen Zuständen hergestellt, haben sie oft andere Eigenschaften als ihre bekannten Vertreter. Um andere Eigenschaften und Strukturen zu generieren, reicht es sogar schon, die Verbindungen als Filme wachsen zu lassen: Hier entscheidet die Schichtdicke.
Ein Schwamm gegen Ölpest
Authors: Scheda Andreas , Oetken Marco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAus Graphit und Schmutzradierern können Schüler ein Adsorptionsmaterial herstellen, das Öl von Wasseroberflächen aufnimmt. Damit lässt sich im Chemieunterricht das Thema Ölverschmutzung der Meere veranschaulichen.
Ursprung und Funktionen der Sphingolipide
Authors: Raguz Luka , Beemelmanns Christine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSphingolipide – polare Lipide, die Bestandteil von Zellmembranen sind und sich vom ungesättigten Aminoalkohol Sphingosin ableiten – wurden zwar im menschlichen Gehirn entdeckt, kommen aber in allen Lebensformen einschließlich Viren vor. Ihre Funktionen machen sie interessant für die Medikamentenforschung.
Predicting teacher burnout as a function of school characteristics and irrational beliefs
Authors: Huk Oksana , Terjesen Mark D. , Cherkasova Lina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIrrational beliefs have been linked to negative unhealthy emotions that can contribute to occupational burnout. Maladaptive cognitive schemas, such as irrational beliefs, are theorized to interfere with an appraisal of the perceived balance of resources and demands. The aim of the current study is to investigate the extent to which irrational beliefs account for occupational burnout among high school teachers when considering school resources, job demands, and teacher characteristics. A sample of 79 high school teachers, primarily from New York and New Jersey, completed self‐report questionnaires measuring burnout, the perception of school demands and availability of resources, and irrational beliefs. Among school‐based characteristics, correlational analyses indicated that burnout was positively related to school demands (i.e., student disrespect and student lack of attentiveness) and negatively related to school resources (i.e., support from the administration and colleagues), supporting previous research findings. Among teacher characteristics, burnout was negatively related to self‐efficacy and positively related to irrational beliefs. Results from regression analyses indicated that, whereas irrational beliefs were predictive of teacher burnout, they did not moderate the relationship between demands and burnout. Implications, limitations, and directions for future directions for research are discussed.
Genome‐wide occupancy of histone H3K27 methyltransferases CURLY LEAF and SWINGER in Arabidopsis seedlings
Authors: Shu Jie , Chen Chen , Thapa Raj Kumar , Bian Shaomin , Nguyen Vi , Yu Kangfu , Yuan Ze‐Chun , Liu Jun , Kohalmi Susanne E. , Li Chenlong , Cui Yuhai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins form two protein complexes, PcG Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2, which are key epigenetic regulators in eukaryotes. PRC2 represses gene expression by catalyzing the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3). In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), CURLY LEAF (CLF) and SWINGER (SWN) are two major H3K27 methyltransferases and core components of PRC2, playing essential roles in plant growth and development. Despite their importance, genome‐wide binding profiles of CLF and SWN have not been determined and compared yet. In this study, we generated transgenic lines expressing GFP‐tagged CLF/SWN under their respective native promoters and used them for ChIP‐seq analyses to profile the genome‐wide distributions of CLF and SWN in Arabidopsis seedlings. We also profiled and compared the global H3K27me3 levels in wild‐type (WT) and PcG mutants (clf, swn, and clf swn). Our data show that CLF and SWN bind to almost the same set of genes, except that SWN has a few hundred more targets. Two short DNA sequences, the GAGA‐like and Telo‐box‐like motifs, were found enriched in the CLF and SWN binding regions. The H3K27me3 levels in clf, but not in swn, were markedly reduced compared with WT; and the mark was undetectable in the clf swn double mutant. Further, we profiled the transcriptomes in clf, swn, and clf swn, and compared that with WT. Thus this work provides a useful resource for the plant epigenetics community for dissecting the functions of PRC2 in plant growth and development.
Comparison of alfalfa plants overexpressing glutamine synthetase with those overexpressing sucrose phosphate synthase demonstrates a signaling mechanism integrating carbon and nitrogen metabolism between the leaves and nodules
Authors: Kaur Harmanpreet , Peel Amanda , Acosta Karen , Gebril Sayed , Ortega Jose Luis , Sengupta‐Gopalan Champa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlfalfa, like other legumes, establishes a symbiotic relationship with the soil bacteria, Sinorhizobium meliloti, which results in the formation of the root nodules. Nodules contain the bacteria enclosed in a membrane‐bound vesicle, the symbiosome where it fixes atmospheric N2 and converts it into ammonia using the bacterial enzyme, nitrogenase. The ammonia released into the cytoplasm from the symbiosome is assimilated into glutamine (Gln) using carbon skeletons produced by the metabolism of sucrose (Suc), which is imported into the nodules from the leaves. The key enzyme involved in the synthesis of Suc in the leaves is sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and glutamine synthetase (GS) is the enzyme with a role in ammonia assimilation in the root nodules. Alfalfa plants, overexpressing SPS or GS, or both showed increased growth and an increase in nodule function. The endogenous genes for the key enzymes in C/N metabolism showed increased expression in the nodules of both sets of transformants. Furthermore, the endogenous SPS and GS genes were also induced in the leaves and nodules of the transformants, irrespective of the transgene, suggesting that the two classes of plants share a common signaling pathway regulating C/N metabolism in the nodules. This study reaffirms the utility of the nodulated legume plant to study C/N interaction and the cross talk between the source and sink for C and N.
A word‐level language identification strategy for resource‐scarce languages
Authors: Asubiaro Toluwase , Adegbola Tunde , Mercer Robert , Ajiferuke Isola 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis study is based on the premise that it is possible to train computers to predict the language of a word (textual or audio) by learning from its character n‐gram pattern, without recourse to the language's dictionary. With the growth of multilingual collections and a need for automatic means of cleaning textual datasets, this paper presents a strategy for language identification of individual words in a body of texts. This strategy is suitable for resource‐scarce languages that do not have large electronic datasets that are required for machine learning and natural language processing studies and whose dictionaries may not be available. In this study, we focused on three African languages, namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. A training corpus in each of these languages was used to obtain the probabilities of character trigrams in the language. Given that English is a common language that is often mixed with these resource‐scarce languages in texts, we also obtained the probabilities of trigrams in an English training corpus. These probabilities were then used in identifying the language of each word in test corpora containing bilingual texts. Our strategy achieved average precision, recall and F1 values of about 97%, 91% and 94% respectively.
Analyzing scientific collaboration with “giants” based on the milestones of career
Authors: Bu Yi , Murray Dakota S. , Xu Jian , Ding Ying , Ai Peng , Shen Jinhua , Yang Fan 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper explores how the patterns of collaboration change throughout a scientist's career, especially their collaboration with so‐called “giants”—well‐known elite scholars with very high scientific impact. We divide scientist's careers into five stages based on the number of years since obtaining their PhD, and for each stage, we calculate a number of indicators, such as publication count, normalized citation count, count of collaborations, count of collaborations with “giants,” and percentage of uninterrupted and continuous presence. Our analysis shows that although collaborating with “giants” may benefit a young scholar, they are more likely to achieve greater scientific success if they first work independently and only collaborate with “giants” later in their career. Meanwhile, high‐impact authors tend to work with “giants” early in their career, but not in the later stages, which forces us to reconsider the established notions of when is best to collaborate with elite scholars. Moreover, we find that high‐impact authors tend to have fewer co‐authors per article, regardless of the stage of their careers, indicating that collaboration is important, but the size of collaborations also matters.
Language investigations of children's information sources: A research agenda
Authors: Cahill Maria , Joo Soohyung , Campana Kathleen 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWhen coupled with other qualitative approaches, textual analysis serves as a promising method for exploring the potential contributions of various children's information sources toward the language and vocabulary development of young children. We first identify theoretical frameworks relevant for guiding investigations that seek to understand the potential contributions of various information sources for young children. We next identify information sources that conceivably contribute to the language and vocabulary development of young children. We then explain through presentation of preliminary findings how textual analysis techniques might be applied to investigate these sources. Finally, we point to potential contextual factors worthy of consideration within these examinations. Findings from this line of research have the potential to contribute to both information practice with young children as well as information theory.
Re‐examining students' reading experience in a gamified context from a self‐determination perspective: A multiple‐case study
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Li Xiuhan , Lee Shum Yi Cameron , Chu Samuel K.W. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe present study re‐examines the reading experiences of eight primary school students in Hong Kong. Framed around theories of gamification and self‐determination, the study looks at how these students developed as readers on an online gamified reader known as RB. An electronic extension to a reading database that contains more than 15,000 comprehension questions made from around 500 popular children's books, RB is found to enable the students feel competent, autonomous and connected with their family and friends during their game play. These feelings can be explained away by the three psychological needs of self ‐determination literature. For instance, after a period of time playing on RB, the students displayed competence in that they did well on their academics, increased their reading speed, expanded their vocabulary, and further developed their learning and problem‐solving skills in school. They also showed autonomy in their learning, manifested in the expansion of the scope of their reading choices, a diversity of their reading methods, an increase in their reading frequency, and a boost to their drive in picking up a book for leisure read. Finally, they felt more connected now with their family and friends than before they used RB, for the bondage they formed over RB lasted well beyond their game play. Based on a re‐evaluation of their success stories from gamification and self‐determination perspectives, the study concludes that RB is an effective early English learners' tool in Hong Kong.
Towards linked data: Some consequences for researchers in the social sciences and humanities
Authors: Da Sylva Lyne 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the introduction of Semantic Web and Linked Data technology in Social Science and Humanities research. On the basis of a sample of existing research projects, we examine the impact that the technology has on the research methodology. Three main points of impact were observed. The first is the epistemological foundations of the research, including a focus on individual entities in the research area (or “atomization”), the reification of research objects, and the favouring of analytical skills from researchers. Secondly, in the data analysis phase, research relies more heavily on technical skills during data discovery and processing, and the technology induces growing confusion between data and metadata. Thirdly, we show how the types of models that are built often imply a new encoding of already existing information.
Making the case for data archiving: The changing “value proposition” of social science data archives
Authors: Eschenfelder Kristin R. , Shankar Kalpana , Williams Rachel D. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we analyse how three social science data archives (SSDA) have adapted to provide value to different stakeholders over time. Drawing on historical administrative documents and interviews with current and former staff at three long standing SSDA, we examine how these archives have provided value, to whom, and how they have situated themselves vis‐à‐vis alternative archives over 20‐40 year time spans. Although data archives have been in operation for decades, how they have sustained themselves over time by continuing to provide value to stakeholders in changing conditions is less well understood. Studies of value have tended to focus on a snapshot in time rather than providing a view that emphasizes change over time. We conclude with a comparative analysis of changes in value across archives and suggestions for future work
Algorithmic reputation and information equity
Authors: Katell Michael 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn this paper I offer a theory of reputation and information systems. As a form of human judgement and a tool for decision making, I argue that the social process of reputation plays a central role in essential human functions and that one's ability to control reputation is a mark of power over important decisions concerning one's fate. Algorithmic reputation can be understood as a type of reputation that has been transformed from a familiar and visible interpersonal process to a commodified and remote data process. I argue that we ought to evaluate algorithmic reputation as the digital expression of the social process of reputation and situate it within existing moral obligations and interests. Reputations can be fraught with error and bias but perform vital social and economic functions nonetheless. Reputation absolutists would require that we subsume any concerns about reputational fairness, such as the risk of disparate effects on members of marginalized social groups, to the ideals of information transparency and business efficiency. I conclude that we risk enshrining societal inequity as algorithmic destiny by committing to the absolutist position on reputational transparency, posing serious risks to the functioning of a free and fair information society.