bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional motion of the knee‐joint complex during normal walking revealed by mobile biplane x‐ray imaging
Authors: Gray Hans A. , Guan Shanyuanye , Thomeer Lucas T. , Schache Anthony G. , de Steiger Richard , Pandy Marcus G. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTAccurate knowledge of knee kinematics is important for a better understanding of normal joint function and for improving patient outcomes subsequent to joint reconstructive surgery. Limited information is available that accurately describes the relative movements of the bones at the knee in vivo, even for the most common of all activities: walking. We used a mobile X‐ray imaging system to measure the three‐dimensional motion of the entire knee‐joint complex—femur, tibia, and patella—when humans walk over ground at their natural speeds. Data were recorded from 15 healthy individuals (9 males, 6 females; age 30.5 ± 6.2 years). The most pronounced rotational motion of the tibia was flexion‐extension followed by internal‐external rotation and abduction‐adduction (peak‐to‐peak displacements: 70.7°, 9.2°, and 1.9°, respectively). Maximum anterior translation of the tibia was 6.5 mm and occurred in early swing, coinciding with peak knee flexion and peak internal rotation. The most prominent rotational motion of the patella was flexion‐extension (peak‐to‐peak displacement: 50.5°). The tibia pivoted about the medial compartment of the tibiofemoral joint, conferring greater movements of the contact centers in the lateral compartment than the medial compartment (15.4 and 9.7 mm, respectively). Internal‐external rotation, anterior‐posterior translation and medial‐lateral shift of the tibia as well as flexion‐extension and anterior‐posterior translation of the patella were each coupled to the knee flexion angle, as were movements of the contact centers at each joint. These fundamental data serve as a valuable resource for evaluating knee joint function in normal and pathological gait. The data are available in Supplementary_Material_Data.xlsx. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Dietary glycerol monolaurate supplementation for the modification of functional properties of egg white protein
Authors: Zhao Minjie , Cai Haiying , Liu Mengyun , Deng Lingli , Li Yang , Zhang Hui , Feng Fengqin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnderstanding the interactions between feed additives and the functional properties of egg white protein (EWP) may offer novel insights into the effects of feed additives on laying hens and may provide an alternative for modification of the functional properties of EWP by using laying hens as bioreactors. Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is widely used in the food industry as an effective antibacterial emulsifier. In this work, the effects of three doses of dietary GML supplementation (150, 300, and 450 mg kg−1 hen) on the functional properties of EWP were investigated.RESULTSThe hardness of EWP gels was significantly improved by 300 and 450 mg kg−1 GML supplementation. Foaming capacity (FC) and foaming stability (FS) were increased after GML treatment; 450 mg kg−1 GML supplementation showed the most significant improvements, with 44.82% in FC and 23.39% in FS. Stabilization of EWP‐oil emulsions was also improved, supported by a slowed creaming process and the formation of smaller oil droplets. The heat denaturation temperature and rheological properties were also modified by dietary GML supplementation, implying improved thermal stability.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrated that GML supplementation has the potential to modify the functional properties of EWP, broadening the application of GML and providing a new perspective for evaluation of the efficacy of feed additives. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Consuming egg yolk decreases body weight and increases serum HDL and brain expression of TrkB in male SD rats
Authors: Chen Xingyong , Du Yeye , Boni Grace F , Liu Xue , Kuang Jinlong , Geng Zhaoyu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEgg yolks contain large amounts of cholesterol and are suspected to be harmful after long‐term consumption. In this experiment, 63 rats were used to evaluate the effect of egg white (EW) and egg yolk (EY) supplementation on serum lipids and brain cognition. The feeding time lasted 4 weeks after a 1‐week acclimation.RESULTSBody weight was significantly higher in rats fed 132.0 g kg−1 EW and significantly lower when fed 40 g kg−1 EY (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein increased in rats fed 72.0 g kg−1 EW compared with rats from NC and EY groups (P < 0.05). High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher in rats fed 40 g kg−1 EY and decreased when fed 72.0 g kg−1 EW (P < 0.05). Rats fed a diet with EY exhibited abundant neurons in the CA1 hippocampus and complete subcellular structures. Rats fed 132 g kg−1 EW exhibited shrunken cells and swollen mitochondria. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor had constitutively low expression among groups, while tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) exhibited higher expression levels in rats fed a diet containing EY compared with other groups (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONEY consumption reduced body weight and increased HDL levels. Diet containing EY could improve cognition through enhanced trkB expression. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction method for the gas chromatographic analysis of organochlorine fungicides in ginseng
Authors: Xu Xuanwei , Liang Shuang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA highly selective molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous isolation and determination of four organochlorine fungicides (pentachloronitrobenzene, pentachloroaniline, methylpentachlorophenyl sulfide, and hexachlorobenzene) in ginseng samples. A novel molecularly imprinted polymer with pentachloronitrobenzene as template was synthesized by precipitation polymerization employing butanone/n‐heptane (6.5:3.5, v/v) solution as porogen. The limit of detection of the method was 0.001 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification was 0.002 mg/kg. The different spiked levels of ginseng samples were 0.05, 0.5, 2.0 for pentachloronitrobenzene and pentachloroaniline, and 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 for methylpentachlorophenyl sulfide and hexachlorobenzene. The average recoveries of four organochlorine fungicides were 87.6–92.3% of pentachloronitrobenzene, 79.3–95.2% of pentachloroaniline, 80.3–90.4% of methylpentachlorophenyl sulfide, and 83.5–91.7% of hexachlorobenzene, respectively. This new method could be applied to direct determination of four organochlorine fungicides in ginseng samples.
Esterification and ketalization of levulinic acid with desilicated zeolite β and pseudo‐homogeneous model for reaction kinetics
Authors: Umrigar Vaishali , Chakraborty Mousumi , Parikh Parimal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo maximize the production of esters (E), keto (K) and keto‐ester (KE) by esterification and ketalization of levulinic acid (LA) has been reacted using diols such as 1,2‐propane diol (PDOL),1,2‐ethane diol (EDOL), and 1,2,3‐propane triol or glycerol (TRIOL) with desilicated Hβ. This work aims to assess the conversion and selectivity for the production of esters using conventional and microwave‐irradiated (MWI) reactors. Catalysts characterizations were performed using NH3‐temperature programme desorption, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller surface area (BET), Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH), scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and dynamic light scattering. Operating parameters such as reaction temperature (170–180°C), reaction time (20–80 min), feed composition (LA:PDOL/EDOL/TRIOL, 1:8/10/12), and microwave energy (300–500 watt) have been systematically investigated. Note that 99–100% conversion was achieved with the product selectivity of E (40%), K (30%), and KE (30%) with1,2‐EDOL; E (56%), K (2%), and KE (17%) with 1,2‐PDOL; E (69%), K(0%), and KE (22%) with TRIOL using D‐Hβ as a solid catalyst in an MWI reactor. Reaction paths and kinetics were studied using pseudo‐homogeneous (PH) model.
Changes in streamflow and sediment for a planned large reservoir in the middle Yellow River
Authors: Li Binquan , Liang Zhongmin , Bao Zhenxin , Wang Jun , Hu Yiming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChanges in streamflow and sediment runoffs would affect the reservoir's functional operation and the construction of soil and water conservation measures in China's Loess Plateau. In this study, the long‐term changes in streamflow and sediment were analyzed for a main stem section of the middle Yellow River where the to‐be‐built large Guxian Reservoir is to be located. Results showed that both streamflow and sediment had significant downward trends with the rates of −9.4 m3 s−1 yr−1 and −16.8 million t yr−1, respectively, during the period of 1961–2017. Using the range of variability approach, the change of streamflow regime in its postimpact period (1986–2017) was subjected to the moderate alteration, whereas the alteration of sediment regime was moderate and severe for the first (1980–1996) and second (1997–2017) postimpact periods. As an example, the attribution analyses of annual streamflow and sediment changes were conducted in a typical tributary catchment (Qingjian River) on the right bank of Guxian Reservoir. For the periods of 1980–2002 and 2003–2016, climate variability occupied the primary and secondary proportions to both streamflow and sediment reductions, respectively. Overall, human activities demonstrated the underlying contribution to the sharp declines of streamflow and sediment, accounting for 68% and 74%, respectively, during the period of 1980–2016. We suggest that, based on the operational life of warping dams (built on gully for mitigating gully erosion by raising the gully‐bed step‐by‐step), there are risks of flash flood and high sediment concentration events in the future because the streamflow/sediment‐reducing infrastructures may be damaged by extreme rainstorms and in turn become the flood and sediment amplifiers.
Predicting aspiration risk in patients with dysphagia: Evidence from fluoroscopy
Authors: Leonard Rebecca 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential of timing and displacement measures from fluoroscopic swallow studies for predicting aspiration in dysphagic patients.MethodsTiming and displacement variables for a 20‐ml liquid bolus were extracted from fluoroscopic swallow studies of 5923 patients reflecting a variety of dysphagia etiologies. Patients were divided into aspirators and non‐aspirators, and variables were compared between groups, and to a group of 148 normal control subjects. The relationship of each variable to aspiration was determined. Odds ratios for aspiration were calculated for measures deviating more than two standard deviations from normal. Associations of variables with time of aspiration relative to airway closure were also examined.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that the pharyngeal constriction ratio (PCR) was the measure most predictive of aspiration (74.6%), with percentage of accuracy improving to 76.5% when all measures were considered. Odds Ratios ranging from two times to more than five times were identified for variables deviating more than two standard deviations from normal. Aspiration relative to maximum airway closure, ie, before, during, and after, was also investigated. In the current study, 53% of aspiration events occurred after maximum airway closure, on residue that remained after swallow. Some mechanical impairments appeared specific to timing of aspiration and provide further evidence of the utility of mechanical analysis.ConclusionsResults of the review provide substantial support for the value of quantitative assessment of swallow mechanics, and for the role of such data in predicting aspiration risk in dysphagic patients.Level of Evidence3b (retrospective, individual case‐control)
Brain cholesterol metabolism and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Huang Xuemei , Sterling Nicholas W. , Du Guangwei , Sun Dongxiao , Stetter Christina , Kong Lan , Zhu Yusheng , Neighbors Jeffery , Lewis Mechelle M. , Chen Honglei , Hohl Raymond J. , Mailman Richard B. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundCirculating cholesterol levels have been linked to PD, but not directly to brain physiology.ObjectiveTo assess whether brain cholesterol metabolism is related to PD.MethodsSixty PD patients and 64 controls were recruited from an academic movement disorder clinic (2009–2012). Thirty‐five PD patients and 33 controls returned approximately 36 months later. Fasting plasma (S)24‐OH‐cholesterol (brain‐derived cholesterol metabolite) and 27‐OH‐cholesterol (peripheral cholesterol metabolite) were quantified. Odds ratios for PD were derived from logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. Relationships between the oxysterols and clinical measurements were explored using Spearman correlation coefficients.ResultsMean age of PD subjects was 63.8 ± 8.3 years and disease duration was 5.0 ± 5.4 years. Plasma (S)24‐OH‐cholesterol levels were inversely associated with the odds of having PD, with an odds ratio of 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.87–0.97) for each 1‐ng/mL increase (P = 0.004). Compared to the lowest tertile, the odds ratio was 0.34 (0.12–0.98) for the second tertile (P = 0.045) and 0.08 (0.02–0.31) for the highest tertile (P < 0.001). Higher (S)24‐OH‐cholesterol levels also were correlated with better sense of smell (r = 0.35; P = 0.01). No significant associations were found between clinical measures and 27‐OH‐cholesterol, a peripheral cholesterol metabolite. Furthermore, (S)24‐OH‐cholesterol levels were stable over time, whereas 27‐OH‐cholesterol decreased with time in both cases and controls.ConclusionsResults indicate that plasma (S)24‐OH‐cholesterol (possibly reflecting brain cholesterol metabolism) is inversely linked to PD, is relatively stable over time, and may serve as a new biomarker for PD. Further investigation is necessary to determine the mechanistic and clinical implications. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Water and oil signal assignment in low‐moisture mozzarella as determined by time‐domain NMR T2 relaxometry
Authors: Vermeir Lien , Declerck Arnout , To Chak Ming , Kerkaert Barbara , Van der Meeren Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA time‐domain 1H nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry method was elaborated for the rapid microstructural characterization of mozzarella cheese. For this purpose, there is a strong need to know how the experimentally determined T2 relaxation time distribution can be related to specific constituents in mozzarella. In this study, a detailed investigation is offered for fresh and aged low‐moisture mozzarella cheese, often applied as a pizza cheese, by application of both a conventional Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) sequence and a free‐induction decay CPMG (FID‐CPMG) sequence. The relaxation behavior was further elucidated by addition of deuterium oxide and by mild heat treatment of samples. The relaxation times of water protons in mozzarella were found to range from a few microseconds to some tens of milliseconds (in aged mozzarella) or to about hundred milliseconds (in fresh mozzarella). The upper limit of the T2 distribution can even be extended to the seconds range upon releasing water protons from the mozzarella matrix using a mild heat treatment or upon addition of deuterated water. Both stimuli also provided evidence for the absorption of water into the cheese matrix. The potential release and uptake of water demonstrated that mozzarella acts as a very dynamic system during production and storage. The detected differences in the behavior of the water fraction between fresh and aged low‐moisture mozzarella might be utilized to study the influence of either production and/or storage conditions on the cheese ripening process.
Adipose‐derived stem cells delay muscle atrophy after peripheral nerve injury in the rodent model
Authors: Schilling Benjamin K. , Schusterman M. Asher , Kim Deok‐Yeol , Repko Alexander J. , Klett Katarina C. , Christ George J. , Marra Kacey G. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Injuries to peripheral nerves cause distal muscle atrophy. The effects of adipose‐derived stem cell (ASC) injections into a muscle after injury were examined.Methods: A 1.5 cm defect in the rat sciatic nerve was created, resulting in gastrocnemius muscle atrophy. The nerve defect was repaired with autograft; DiR‐labeled ASCs were injected into the gastrocnemius immediately postoperatively. Quantitation of gross musculature and muscle fiber area, cell survival, fibrosis, lipid deposition, inflammation, and reconstructive responses were investigated.Results: ASCs were identified in the muscle at 6 weeks, where injections showed increased muscle mass percentage retained, larger average fiber area, and less overall lipid content accumulated throughout the musculature. Muscles having received ASCs showed increased presence of interlukin‐10 and Ki67, and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).Discussion: This investigation is suggestive that an ASC injection into denervated muscle post‐operatively is able to delay the onset of atrophy.Muscle Nerve59:603–603, 2019
Using the Delphi method to establish nursing‐sensitive quality indicators for ICU nursing in China
Authors: Yang Su , Huang Li‐Hua , Zhao Xue‐Hong , Xing Mei‐Yuan , Shao Le‐Wen , Zhang Mei‐Yun , Shao Rong‐Ya , Wei Jian‐Hua , Gao Chun‐Hua 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, the Delphi method was used to develop evidence‐based indicators of intensive care unit (ICU) nursing quality of care in China. Nursing quality indicators reflect elements of patient care that are directly affected by nursing practice. A comprehensive literature search identified 2,857 potentially relevant articles. From the 50 articles that were included in this study, researchers identified 38 commonly used nursing quality indicators. A panel of experts reduced these to 20, which were then subjected to two rounds of Delphi discussion by a different panel, and a final consensus was achieved. The 20 indicators were grouped into three dimensions: structure, process, and outcome (including adverse consequences). The agreement among the experts for the 20 indicators was high. These evidence‐based nursing quality indicators provide for ease in data collection and a basis for clinical application and improvement in the quality of ICU nursing throughout China.
Castleman disease in pediatrics: Insights on presentation, treatment, and outcomes from a two‐site retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sopfe Jenna , Endres Ashley , Campbell Kristen , Hayes Kari , Trout Andrew T. , Liang Xiayuan , Lorsbach Robert , O'Brien Maureen M. , Cost Carrye R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCastleman disease (CD) is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder that is rare in pediatric populations; the literature describing this population is sparse. We sought to describe pediatric CD, including unicentric CD (UCD) and human herpes virus‐8 (HHV8)‐negative multicentric CD (MCD), in a multi‐institutional cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 24 patients, aged 0 to 26 years at diagnosis, who were diagnosed with CD between January 1, 2005, and May 16, 2017, at two tertiary children's hospitals. Demographic and clinical data were collected.ResultsMost patients (75%, 18/24) presented with UCD. All patients with MCD were HHV8‐negative. The most common histopathologic variant was hyaline vascular (75%, 18/24). Plasma cell variant occurred in 33% (2/6 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 4–78%]) of patients with HHV8‐negative MCD and 17% (3/18 [95% CI, 4–41%]) of patients with UCD. Systemic symptoms were present in 4 of 6 of patients with HHV8‐negative MCD and 8 of 18 of patients with UCD. Anemia and laboratory inflammation occurred in both UCD and MCD patients, with nonsignificantly higher rates of anemia and elevated C‐reactive protein in MCD patients. All but two UCD patients underwent gross total resection as definitive therapy. Among HHV8‐negative MCD patients, a combination of resection, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy was used. No UCD patients and three of six HHV8‐negative MCD patients experienced disease progression/relapse prior to lasting remission. There were no deaths.ConclusionPediatric patients with CD most commonly have unicentric, hyaline vascular variant disease. Pediatric patients with both UCD and MCD commonly have systemic inflammation and, despite risk of progression/relapse in MCD patients, ultimately have excellent survival.
A survey of current clinical practice of chorionic villus sampling
Authors: Sileo Filomena Giulia , Curado Joana , Bhide Amarnath 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe number of invasive procedures (chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis) for fetal testing is decreasing because of the availability of non‐invasive prenatal test (NIPT) leading to a centralisation of prenatal diagnostic services to accredited fetal medicine centres. A new survey was conducted 10 years after the previous one to update the current clinical practice among clinicians who regularly perform CVS.MethodConsultants from 32 centres in the United Kingdom were invited to take part in an online survey evaluating: The total number of CVS procedures carried out in the unit in a typical week, the preferred route (transabdominal [TA] vs transcervical [TC]), technique (use of local anaesthetic [LA] and needle technique).ResultsResponse rate was 96.9%; TA was the preferred route (96.8%) in all centres except one. Single‐needle technique is used exclusively in half the centres (51.6%). LA is used by most operators (90.3%) before the procedure. Three centres did not routinely use LA for CVS.ConclusionsOperators across the United Kingdom almost exclusively use the TA route for CVS with single‐needle technique in 51.6% of cases. The use of LA prior to CVS is a very common practice in the United Kingdom.
Oroxylin A, a methylated metabolite of baicalein, exhibits a stronger inhibitory effect than baicalein on the CYP1B1‐mediated carcinogenic estradiol metabolite formation
Authors: An Dongchen , Song Zhongjin , Yi Yingyue , Zhang Qing , Liu Jinfeng , Zhang Yongjie , Zhou Jing , Zhao Guanghui , Cong Danhua , Li Ning , Lu Yang , Chen Xijing , Zhao Di 
Published: January 2019

Human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1)‐mediated formation of 4‐hydroxyestradiol (4‐OHE2) from 17β‐estradiol plays an important role in the progression of human breast cancer, while the biotransformation of 17β‐estradiol to 2‐hydroxyestradiol mediated by cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is considered as a less harmful pathway. In this study, inhibitory effects of flavonoids baicalein and oroxylin A, a metabolite of baicalein in human body, on CYP1A1 and 1B1 activities were investigated in vitro. The inhibition intensities of baicalein and oroxylin A towards CYP1B1 were greater than towards CYP1A1 with a mixed mechanism. In addition, oroxylin A showed a stronger inhibitory effect than baicalein towards the CYP1B1‐mediated 17β‐estradiol 4‐hydroxylation, with the IC50 values of 0.0146 and 2.27 μM, respectively. Docking studies elucidated that oroxylin A had a stronger binding affinity than baicalein for CYP1B1. In MCF‐7 cells, compared with baicalein‐treated groups, oroxylin A with lower doses decreased and increased the formation of 4‐OHE2 and 2‐hydroxyestradiol, respectively, with a preferential induction of mRNA of CYP1A1 over CYP1B1. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that oroxylin A showed a stronger inhibitory effect than baicalein on CYP1B1‐mediated 4‐OHE2 formation in MCF‐7 cells, providing crucial implications for their possibly preventive/therapeutic potential against breast cancer via inhibition of CYP1B1, particularly of oroxylin A.