bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bursty Star Formation in Dwarfs is Sensitive to Numerical Choices in Supernova Feedback Models
Authors: Zhang Eric , Sales Laura V. , Marinacci Federico , Torrey Paul , Vogelsberger Mark , Springel Volker , Li Hui , Pakmor Rüdiger , Gutcke Thales A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Simulations of galaxy formation are mostly unable to resolve the energy-conserving phase of individual supernova events, having to resort to subgrid models to distribute the energy and momentum resulting from stellar feedback. However, the properties of these simulated galaxies, including the morphology, stellar mass formed, and the burstiness of the star formation history, are highly sensitive to the numerical choices adopted in these subgrid models. Using the SMUGGLE stellar feedback model, we carry out idealized simulations of an M
vir ∼ 1010
M
⊙ dwarf galaxy, a regime where most simulation codes predict significant burstiness in star formation, resulting in strong gas flows that lead to the formation of dark matter cores. We find that by varying only the directional distribution of momentum imparted from supernovae to the surrounding gas, while holding the total momentum per supernova constant, bursty star formation may be amplified or completely suppressed, and the total stellar mass formed can vary by as much as a factor of ∼3. In particular, when momentum is primarily directed perpendicular to the gas disk, less bursty and lower overall star formation rates result, yielding less gas turbulence, more disky morphologies, and a retention of cuspy dark matter density profiles. An improved understanding of the nonlinear coupling of stellar feedback into inhomogeneous gaseous media is thus needed to make robust predictions for stellar morphologies and dark matter core formation in dwarfs independent of uncertain numerical choices in the baryonic treatment.
Probing Blackbody Components in Gamma-Ray Bursts from Black Hole Neutrino-dominated Accretion Flows
Authors: Li Xiao-Yan , Liu Tong , Huang Bao-Quan , Li Guo-Yu , Lin Da-Bin , Chen Zhi-Lin , Wang Yun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A stellar-mass black hole (BH) surrounded by a neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF) is generally considered to be the central engine of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Neutrinos escaping from the disk will annihilate outside the disk to produce the fireball that could power GRBs with blackbody (BB) components. The initial GRB jet power and fireball launch radius are related to the annihilation luminosity and annihilation height of the NDAFs, respectively. In this paper, we collect seven GRBs with known redshifts and identified BB components to test whether the NDAF model works. We find that, in most cases, the values of the accretion rates and the central BH properties are all in the reasonable range, suggesting that these BB components indeed originate from the neutrino annihilation process.
Comparison between the Emission Torus and the Measured Toroidal Magnetic Field for the Crab and Vela Nebulae
Authors: Deng Wei , Xie Fei , Liu Kuan , Ge Mingyu , Tuo Youli , La Monaca Fabio , Di Marco Alessandro , Liang En-wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Polarization measurements provide insight into the magnetic field, a critical aspect of the dynamics and emission properties around the compact object. In this paper, we present the polarized magnetic field of the Crab outer torus and the Vela arc utilizing Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer observation data. The polarization angle (PA) measured for the Crab outer torus exhibits two monotonic evolutions along the azimuth angle, which are consistent with the normal line of the elliptical ring. There is a slight increase in PA along the azimuth angle for both the inner arc and the outer arc of the Vela Nebula. The polarized magnetic vector along the outer torus of the Crab Nebula shows the polarized magnetic field aligns with the Crab outer torus structure. The PA variation along the Crab outer torus suggests a bulk flow speed of 0.8c. Meanwhile, the Vela Nebula polarized magnetic field does not exactly align with the Vela arc structure. We noted that the Crab Nebula possesses a polarized toroidal magnetic field, whereas the Vela Nebula exhibits an incomplete toroidal magnetic field.
Schwannomas of the upper limb: Clinical presentation, preoperative management and outcomes of surgical treatment
Authors: Ipponi Edoardo , Bechini Elena , Cordoni Martina , Gentili Fabrizia , Campo Francesco Rosario , Cosseddu Fabio , D’Arienzo Antonio , Parchi Paolo Domenico , Andreani Lorenzo 
Published: November 2024

Inroduction: Schwannomas are the most common tumors of the peripheral nervous system. Surgical eradication with excision or enucleation is the treatment for symptomatic and large schwannomas.
Aim: Few studies have investigated the clinical outcomes related to the surgical approach to schwannomas. Our study aims to evaluate the clinical and functional results of surgery for the treatment of upper limb schwannomas.
Materials and methods: Twenty-two cases of upper limb schwannomas were surgically treated in our institution between January 2016 and December 2023. All cases underwent preoperative and 6-month postoperative MRI. For each case, we recorded the diagnostic interval (symptom-diagnosis), symptoms (stenosis or sensory deficits, pain, and Tinel test), and both pre-and postoperative functional status (with DASH and MSTS scores). We also recorded complications and local recurrences.
Results: On average, the diagnosis was made 16.7 months after the onset of the first symptom. The mean preoperative MSTS, DASH, and MRC values were 27.9, 5.7, and 4.8, respectively. We had no intra-operative complications. After a mean follow-up of 43.1 months, MSTS, DASH were 29.7/30 and 0.7, respectively. No case developed local recurrences. No case recorded stenosis deficits at the last follow-up. Only one patient developed local paresthesia (9%), while two reported modest dysesthesias.
Conclusions: An adequate surgical approach, possibly preceded by a rapid diagnosis, can significantly improve the symptoms caused by schwannoma, restoring the functionality of the upper limb.
Anti-Ma-2 associated encephalitis presenting as slowly progressive dementia and cerebellar atrophy
Authors: Ray Somdattaa , Kamath Vikram V , Ramesh Sowmya B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cognitive impairment can be a manifestation of a neurodegenerative disease or may have a reversible etiology. Among reversible causes, metabolic, nutritional and autoimmune conditions are commonly evaluated. We report 43-year-old lady who presented with history of personality changes first noted three years back. Subsequently, she developed slowness in speech and activities of her daily living, hypersomnolence, dream enactment, unexplained weight gain and memory impairment. Cognitive assessment revealed poor delayed recall, impaired copying, calculation deficits and bradyphrenia. Mild bradykinesia and rigidity of upper limbs were also noted. MRI brain showed minimal cerebral atrophy and gross cerebellar atrophy. Blood investigation revealed strongly positive anti Ma-2 antibodies. Whole body PET-CT was negative. Ma-2 encephalitis is characterised by diencephalic, brainstem and /or limbic involvement. Presence of Ma-2 antibodies has strong link with malignancies, commonest being the testicular cancer. Anti- neuronal antibodies in association with progressive cognitive impairment in the absence of encephalitis like picture is increasingly being recognized. Although autoimmune work up is generally advocated for rapidly progressive dementia, this case highlights the need to consider antineuronal antibody evaluation in a young individual with longer duration of symptoms.
Auro-Keratoprosthesis for Visual Rehabilitation in Ocular Graft Versus Host Disease
Authors: Chaudhari Isha , Patel Nikunj Vinodbhai , Gupta Jaya , Sangwan Virender Singh , Acharya Manisha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A 36-year-old male presented with right eye graft melt post-penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for Aspergillus infection. The patient had a history of acute lymphocytic leukemia and had undergone a bone marrow transplant. He developed ocular graft versus host disease (GVHD) in both eyes and tissue adhesive application had to be performed for bilateral corneal melt. The right eye developed fungal keratitis, necessitating therapeutic keratoplasty. At presentation, the visual acuity was perception of light with an accurate projection of rays in the right eye and finger counting at 1 m in the left eye. An anterior chamber tap showed no organism on culture. Considering the non-ambulatory state of the patient and the need for early visual rehabilitation due to deteriorating mental well-being, a keratoprosthesis (KPro) surgery with amniotic membrane grafting was performed in the right eye. By post-operative day 20, the patient achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20. A PK was later performed in the other eye. It is conventionally believed that KPro is the last resort for bilateral corneal blindness and is commonly performed after multiple PK grafts have failed. However, this case highlights another indication of KPro in ocular GVHD; the rehabilitation of vision when PK will not work. In addition, this case illustrates the difference in the long-term outcomes between the two eyes, one that underwent early KPro surgery and the other that underwent early PK in ocular GVHD.
Corneal Compromise in Multiple Myeloma: A New Presentation
Authors: Agustina Borrone María , Camila Sacks , Verónica Luna Analía , Pavlovsky Astrid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with variable clinical presentations, including ocular manifestations affecting the cornea. This report describes an atypical corneal presentation in a 44-year-old male at the onset of MM, and highlights the ophthalmologist’s role in detecting systemic diseases. The patient was diagnosed elsewhere with corneal herpes simplex virus keratitis and nonspecific systemic pain. His exam showed a pseudodendritic-like epithelial defect, diffuse superficial keratitis, and stromal lesions. Further testing revealed MM, and treatment led to the resolution of ocular symptoms. This case underscores the importance of ophthalmologists in diagnosing systemic conditions like MM.
The Transition to Translation of Regenerative Solutions: A Review of Experimental Models for Corneal Ectatic Disorders
Authors: Puranik Charuta J. , Nicholson Maneck , Nubile Mario , Alió del Barrio Jorge L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The cornea is a transparent avascular structure protecting the eye from the external environment and serving as a convex lens contributing to the power of the eye. Corneal ectasia can be caused by numerous risk factors such as eye rubbing and heredofamilial conditions as well as post-laser vision correction surgery such as laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, photorefractive keratectomy, and small incision lenticule extraction. With tremendous leaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of ectasia and its progression, regenerative medicine solutions for the same are in focus. Intrastromal scaffolds, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, use of secretomes for cell-free regeneration are all close to large-scale bedside translation. To assess the long-term integration and efficacy of these solutions, an appropriate experimental model is desirable. The most common animal model has been the rabbit. The article describes differences and similarities between rabbit and human corneas in size, development, and regenerative potential. We review the different in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models described in the literature, techniques of developing those, duration of observation methods of assessing their ectatic, topographic, and pachymetric features, and their biomechanical strength. Additionally, models that aimed at reducing the number of functional keratocytes although not strictly mimicking ectasia yet targeting therapies to alleviate the same are also included.
Investigating the efficiency of novel indicators in predicting risk of metabolic syndrome in the Iranian adult population
Authors: Bayatian Ayatollah , Jangi Allahwardi , Pargar Farideh , Bazyar Hadi , Aghamohammadi Vahideh 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Whether new anthropometric indicators are superior to conventional anthropometric indicators and whether they can better identify MetS in apparently healthy people needs further research. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the efficiency of novel indicators in predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Iranian adult population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
In this cross-sectional study, 800 subjects were selected by clustered random sampling. The metabolic factors, traditional and novel anthropometric indices, the triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index) and modified TyG indices (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHR, and TyG-WHtR), and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) were evaluated. The MetS was calculated according to the IDF criteria. To investigate the risk of MetS, logistic regression was used along with modeling.

RESULTS:
In all three models, all traditional anthropometric indices were associated with MetS (P < 0.001). Regarding novel anthropometric indices, all indices (except for ABSI) significantly predicted the risk of MetS in all participants before and after adjustment (P < 0.001). WTI index presented the highest Odds ratios for MetS (29.50, 95% CI: 15.53–56.03). A positive association was found in all models between TyG and modified TyG indices and METS-IR with MetS (P for all < 0.001). TyG-WHtR index presented the highest Odds ratios for MetS (70.07, 95% CI: 32.42–151.43).

CONCLUSION:
A combination of the TyG index and WHtR (TyG-WHtR index) was better than the TyG index alone, with a higher odds ratio in predicting MetS. Due to the simplicity of these indices, cost-effectiveness, and facility at small-scale labs and being predictive of MetS risk it is suggested to include these markers in clinical practice.
Uncovering the hidden burden: A mixed methods study on the implementation of depression screening among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus seeking health care in an urban primary health center of South India
Authors: Trivedi Ojaswini , Raghuveer Pracheth 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Diabetes is linked with depression, but screening rates for depression are low, indicating a need for periodic assessments among those with diabetes. The study aimed to determine depression prevalence and associated factors in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an urban primary care setting of Karnataka, as well as implementation challenges in depression screening for persons with T2DM as perceived by healthcare providers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A mixed-methods study was performed for 6 months in 2022–2023 at an Urban Primary Health Centre (UPHC) in Bengaluru. The sample size was calculated to be 110, and convenience sampling was applied to select persons with T2DM. The participants were screened for depression using Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Key informant interviews were performed among various health care providers of the UPHC. Data were captured using EpiCollect Version 5.0. Univariate logistic regression was performed to find the factors associated with depression.

RESULT:
Of the 110 participants, 60 (54.5%) screened positive for depression. Men had 0.474 (95% Confidence Intervals—CI: 0.126, 1.782) lesser odds of depression when compared with women (P = 0.269). Those with comorbidities had 1.975 more odds (95% CI: 0.538, 7.252) when compared with absence of comorbidities (P = 0.305). Statistically significant associations were not found with any of the factors. Key facilitators for screening were willingness to implement screening, empathetic attitude, and awareness of mental health, whereas the challenges included lack of training in mental health assessment and patient reluctance to adhere to treatment due to stigma.

CONCLUSION:
The study found that 54.5% of persons with T2DM seeking heath care at the UPHC screened positive for depression. Several challenges in implementing depression screening for T2DM in primary care settings were noted.
Medication safety knowledge and practice among nursing students: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital
Authors: Osuchukwu Easter C. , Agba Mathias , Osuchukwu Nelson C. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Medication safety is of paramount importance in nursing practice to ensure the accurate administration of medications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We conducted a parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving a control group (n = 119) and an intervention group (n = 119) of nursing students at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). Randomization was achieved using computer-generated random numbers. The study design employed was a parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize participant characteristics, and inferential statistics were employed to compare outcomes between the control and intervention groups.

RESULTS:
Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge and practice of medication safety. In the control group, pre-intervention knowledge was 65.9%, increasing to 82.4% post-intervention. The intervention group exhibited an increase from 66.7% to 90.6% after targeted interventions. Practice assessments also yielded positive outcomes, with high medication safety practice rising from 52.1% to 65.5% in the control group, and from 56.3% to 80.7% in the intervention group post-intervention.

CONCLUSION:
This study underscores the dedication of nursing students to patient safety and affirms the effectiveness of both standard curriculum-based education and targeted interventions in enhancing medication safety knowledge and practice. Even the control group displayed notable competence, indicating the strength of the existing educational framework at UCTH. To further improve conditions and benefit the beneficiaries, we propose ongoing education and training for nursing students, as well as continued adherence to established protocols in medication safety within nursing education. These efforts will ultimately contribute to heightened patient care and safety in clinical settings.
Psychological empowerment-a mechanism for well-being of teachers: Psychometric evaluation of a tool
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumanta , Narad Anshu 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Psychologically empowered employees are more innovative and proactive. Individual well-being is greatly impacted by psychological empowerment. Examining school teachers’ “psychological empowerment” is important since it motivates them more than external circumstances and contributes to their well-being. Spreitzer’s “Psychological Empowerment Scale” (PES) is a well-known instrument used for this purpose. Scarcity of studies on teachers’ psychological empowerment and cultural differences in populations prompted the researcher to re-evaluate PES. This research would help bridge this gap by adapting PES to teachers and generating a valid and reliable measure of their psychological empowerment in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Using convenient sampling, data was gathered from 498 secondary school teachers (age range of 30-55 years) in Assam (India) in 2023 for this cross-sectional study. IBM SPSS version 26 was used to conduct descriptive statistics, including Cronbach’s α for evaluating internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to investigate the factor structure of the instrument, followed by confirmation of factor structure via Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

RESULTS:
EFA provided considerable evidence of 4-factor structure, viz., meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact. The 12-item factor structure depicted good reliability and evidenced good model-fit indices values.

CONCLUSION:
Psychological empowerment (PE) scale with four factors and 12 items is a reliable and valid tool for assessing PE of Indian teachers. The scale can be a good resource for principals, educational administrators, and teachers themselves to assess overall as well as dimension-wise components of PE while norms development of PE as per Indian teachers is recommended.
Effectiveness of educational training program on the knowledge of COTPA Act among the nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Paul Sourabh , Nath Bhola , Seth Aswani K. , Pawar Neeraj , Chhabra Tarun 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Globally, tobacco is among the leading factors attributable to death. The nonteaching staff plays a pivotal role in making a campus a “tobacco-free zone.” The objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of an educational training program conducted on the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 among nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital in the Raebareli district of Uttar Pradesh, India. An educational training program on COTPA 2003 was conducted in collaboration with the State Tobacco Control Cell. Data were collected before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the training program. A paired t-test was applied to compare both knowledge scores. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with knowledge scores.

RESULTS:
Around 187 (37.4%) security personnel, 198 (39.6%) housekeeping staff and 115 (23%) hospital attendants participated in the study. The pre-test mean (± standard deviation (SD)) knowledge score was 4.91 ± 1.59 whereas post-test mean (± SD) knowledge score was 7.91 ± 1.42. The pre-test knowledge score was associated with residence, age, and history of tobacco consumption of study participants. The female gender was associated with the pre-test knowledge score having a standardized coefficient -0.49 (P value = 0.009). The post-test knowledge score was associated with a history of tobacco consumption with a standardized coefficient of 0.42 (P value = 0.012).

CONCLUSION:
The educational training program improved the knowledge of the study participants with maximum improvement among the housekeeping staff. The history of tobacco consumption emerged as a significant factor affecting knowledge even after the training program.
Biomedical waste management among healthcare workers in a Primary Health Centre in Sikkim, India—A KAP study
Authors: Thapa Sunita , Laskar Nasrin B. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
“Biomedical waste (BMW) is the waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biologicals” (Management and Handling Rules, 1998 of India). As it is a source of dangerous diseases, the handlers need to have adequate knowledge about the same.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of biomedical waste management among healthcare workers in a Primary Health Centre and tested the association between KAP and selected variables. For this study, one PHC among six in Sikkim was purposively selected and all health providers attached with the PHC were assessed for KAP toward BMW Management. Data was summarized using SPSS version 27. Pearson’s Chi-square test (or Fisher’s exact test) was applied to find the association between KAP and selected variables (P < 0.05 was considered significant). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the significant variables.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the study participants ranged from 36.42 ± 8.983 years. 66%, 66%, and 60% of healthcare workers had adequate knowledge scores, favorable attitude scores, and good practice scores in BMWM, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
A knowledge gap was observed among the supportive medical staff as there was a lack of formal training in BMWM. Training of not only medical officers but also for waste handlers should be conducted at the time of appointment as well as refresher trainings should be done for the overall health and safety of all waste handlers.