bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multifiltering Study of Turbulence in a Large Sample of Simulated Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Valdarnini R. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present results from a large set of N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) hydrodynamical cluster simulations aimed at studying the statistical properties of turbulence in the intracluster medium (ICM). The numerical hydrodynamical scheme employs an SPH formulation in which gradient errors are strongly reduced by using an integral approach. We consider both adiabatic and radiative simulations. We construct cluster subsamples according to the cluster dynamical status or gas physical modeling, from which we extract small-scale turbulent velocities obtained by applying different multiscale filtering methods to cluster velocities. The velocity power spectra of nonradiative relaxed clusters are mostly solenoidal and exhibit a peak at wavenumbers set by injection scales ≃r
200/10; at higher wavenumbers, the spectra are steeper than Kolmogorov. Cooling runs are distinguished by much shallower spectra, a feature which we interpret as the injection of turbulence at small scales due to the interaction of compact cool gas cores with the ICM. Turbulence in galaxy clusters is then characterized by multiple injection scales, with the small-scale driving source acting in addition to the large-scale injection mechanisms. Cooling runs of relaxed clusters exhibit enstrophy profiles with a power-law behavior over more than two decades in radius and a turbulent-to-thermal energy ratio ≲1%. In accordance with Hitomi observations, in the core of a highly relaxed cluster, we find a low level of gas motions. In addition, the estimated cluster radial profile of the sloshing oscillation period is in very good agreement with recent Fornax measurements, with the associated Froude number satisfying Fr ≲ 0.1 within r/r
200 ≲ 0.1. Our findings suggest that in cluster cores, ICM turbulence approaches a stratified anisotropic regime, with weak stirring motions dominated by gravity buoyancy forces and strongly suppressed along the radial direction. We conclude that turbulent heating cannot be considered the main heating source in cluster cores.
Modeling Nearly Spherical Pure-bulge Galaxies with a Stellar Mass-to-light Ratio Gradient under the ΛCDM and MOND Paradigms. II. The Orbital Anisotropy of Slow Rotators within the Effective Radius
Authors: Chae Kyu-Hyun , Bernardi Mariangela , Sheth Ravi K. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We investigate the anisotropy of the stellar velocity dispersions within the effective radius, R
e, in 24

pure-bulge galaxies, 16 of which are kinematic slow rotators (SRs). We allow the spherical anisotropy parameter β to be radially varying and allow a radial gradient in the stellar mass-to-light ratio (M
⋆/L) through the parameter K introduced earlier. The median anisotropy for SRs depends on K as follows:

with a = 0.19 ± 0.05, b = −0.13 ± 0.07 (ΛCDM) or a = 0.21 ± 0.05, b = −0.26 ± 0.08 (MOND), where β
m refers to the radially averaged quantity. Under the ΛCDM paradigm, this scaling is tied to a scaling of

, where f
DM refers to the dark matter (DM) fraction within a sphere of r = R
e. For K = 0 (constant M
⋆/L), we obtain radially biased results with

, consistent with previous results. However, marginalizing over 0 < K < 1.5 yields

with

; isotropy is preferred. This isotropy hides the fact that β
m is correlated with kinematic features such as counterrotating cores (CRCs), kinematically distinct cores (KDCs), and low-level velocities (LVs); SRs with LVs are likely to be radially biased, while SRs with CRCs are likely to be tangentially biased, and SRs with KDCs are intermediate. Existing cosmological simulations allow us to understand these results qualitatively in terms of their dynamical structures and formation histories, although there are quantitative tensions. More realistic cosmological simulations, particularly allowing for M
⋆/L gradients, may be required to better understand SRs.
ALMA Spatially Resolved Dense Molecular Gas Survey of Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies
Authors: Imanishi 今 Masatoshi 西昌俊 , Nakanishi 中 Kouichiro 西康一郎 , Izumi 泉 Takuma 拓磨 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present the results of our Atacama Large Millimeter Array HCN J = 3–2 and HCO+
J = 3–2 line observations of a uniformly selected sample (>25) of nearby ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) at z < 0.15. The emission of these dense molecular gas tracers and continuum are spatially resolved in the majority of observed ULIRGs for the first time with achieved synthesized beam sizes of ≲0.″2 or ≲500 pc. In most ULIRGs, the HCN-to-HCO+
J = 3–2 flux ratios in the nuclear regions within the beam size are systematically higher than those in the spatially extended regions. The elevated nuclear HCN J = 3–2 emission could be related to (a) luminous buried active galactic nuclei, (b) the high molecular gas density and temperature in ULIRG’s nuclei, and/or (c) mechanical heating by spatially compact nuclear outflows. A small fraction of the observed ULIRGs display higher HCN-to-HCO+
J = 3–2 flux ratios in localized off-nuclear regions than those of the nuclei, which may be due to mechanical heating by spatially extended outflows. The observed nearby ULIRGs are generally rich in dense (>105 cm−3) molecular gas, with an estimated mass of >109
M
⊙ within the nuclear (a few kpc) regions, and dense gas can dominate the total molecular mass there. We find a low detection rate (<20%) regarding the possible signature of a vibrationally excited (v
2 = 1f) HCN J = 3–2 emission line in the vicinity of the bright HCO+
J = 3–2 line that may be due, in part, to the large molecular line widths of ULIRGs.
A 6.7 GHz Methanol Maser Survey. II. Low Galactic Latitudes
Authors: Yang Kai , Chen Xi , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Li Xiao-Qiong , Wang Jun-Zhi , Jiang Dong-Rong , Li Juan , Dong Jian , Wu Ya-Jun , Qiao Hai-Hua 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We report the results of our systematic survey for Galactic 6.7 GHz Class II CH3OH maser emission toward a sample of young stellar objects. The survey was conducted with the Shanghai Tianma Radio Telescope (TMRT). The sample consists of 3348 sources selected from the all-sky Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) point-source catalog. We discussed the selection criteria in detail and the detection results of those at high Galactic latitudes (i.e.,

) in a previous paper (Yang et al. 2017). Here, we present the results from the survey of those at low Galactic latitudes, i.e.,

. Of 1875 selected WISE point sources, 291 positions that were actually associated with 224 sources that were detected with CH3OH maser emission. Among them, 32 are newly detected. A majority of the newly detected sources are associated with bright WISE sources. The majority of the detected sources (209/224 = 93.3%) are quite close to the Galactic Plane (

) and lie on the inner spiral arms with positive local standard of rest velocities. The detection rate and the color–color distribution of our detection are all matched with our anticipation. Combining with detections from previous surveys, we compile a catalog of 1085 sources with 6.7 GHz CH3OH maser emission in our Galaxy.
Factors Influencing Career Decisions: Perspectives of Nursing Students in Three Types of Programs
Authors: Larsen Pamala D , McGill Joan S , Palmer Stephanie J 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of motivating factors and characteristics of the nursing profession on students selecting nursing as a career. Students from three types of programs in North Carolina (N = 495) were asked to complete a survey during the first month of their nursing program. Motivating factors influencing the decision to become a nurse were past experience with a loved one or self being ill and/or hospitalized, past health care work experience, and having a family member or friend who was a nurse. Characteristics about the nursing profession influencing career decisions were care and concern for others, job security, and variety of work settings. None of the motivating factors nor characteristics of the nursing profession differed among students from each program type. Data from this survey can be used to developed appropriate recruitment strategies for each program type.
The Sonic Persona
Authors: Schulze Holger 
Published: March 2019

In The Sonic Persona, Holger Schulze undertakes a critical study of some of the most influential studies in sound since the 19th century in the natural sciences, the engineering sciences, and in media theory, confronting them with contemporary artistic practices, with experimental critique, and with disturbing sonic experiences.
From Hermann von Helmholtz to Miley Cyrus, from FLUXUS to the Arab Spring, from Wavefield Synthesis to otoacoustic emissions, from premillennial clubculture to postdemocratic authoritarianism, from signal processing to human echolocation: This book presents a fundamental critique concerning recent sound theories and their anthropological concepts - and proposes an alternate, a more plastic, a visceral framework for research in the field of a cultural anthropology of sounding and listening.
This anthropology of sound takes its readers and listeners on a research expedition to the multitude of alien humanoids and their surprising sonic personae: in dynamic and generative tension between predetermined auditory dispositives, miniscule and not seldomly ignored sound practices, and idiosyncratic sensory corpuses: a critique of the senses
Abundances, emissions, and loss processes of the long-lived and potent greenhouse gas octafluorooxolane (octafluorotetrahydrofuran, c-C4F8O) in the atmosphere
Authors: Vollmer Martin K. , Bernard François , Mitrevski Blagoj , Steele L. Paul , Trudinger Cathy M. , Reimann Stefan , Langenfelds Ray L. , Krummel Paul B. , Fraser Paul J. , Etheridge David M. , Curran Mark A. J. , Burkholder James B. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The first atmospheric observations of octafluorooxolane
(octafluorotetrahydrofuran, c-C4F8O), a persistent greenhouse gas, are
reported. In addition, a complementary laboratory study of its most likely atmospheric
loss processes, its infrared absorption spectrum, and global warming potential (GWP) are
reported. First atmospheric measurements of c-C4F8O are provided from the
Cape Grim Air Archive (41∘ S, Tasmania, Australia, 1978–present), supplemented
by two firn air samples from Antarctica, in situ measurements of ambient air at
Aspendale, Victoria (38∘ S), and a few archived air samples from the Northern
Hemisphere. The atmospheric abundance in the Southern Hemisphere has monotonically grown
over the past decades and leveled at 74 ppq (parts per quadrillion, femtomole per mole
in dry air) by 2015–2018. The growth rate of c-C4F8O has decreased from a
maximum in 2004 of 4.0 to <0.25 ppq yr−1 in 2017 and 2018. Using a 12-box
atmospheric transport model, globally averaged yearly emissions and abundances of
c-C4F8O are calculated for 1951–2018. Emissions, which we speculate to
derive predominantly from usage of c-C4F8O as a solvent in the
semiconductor industry, peaked at 0.15 (±0.04, 2σ) kt yr−1 in 2004 and
have since declined to <0.015 kt yr−1 in 2017 and 2018. Cumulative emissions
over the full range of our record amount to 2.8 (2.4–3.3) kt, which correspond to 34 Mt
of CO2-equivalent emissions. Infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra for
c-C4F8O as well as the reactive channel rate coefficient for the
O(1D) + c-C4F8O reaction were determined from laboratory
studies. On the basis of these experiments, a radiative efficiency of
0.430 W m−2 ppb−1 (parts per billion, nanomol mol−1) was determined,
which is one of the largest found for synthetic greenhouse gases. The global annually
averaged atmospheric lifetime, including mesospheric loss, is estimated to be
>3000 years. GWPs of 8975, 12 000, and 16 000 are estimated for the 20-, 100-, and
500-year time horizons, respectively.
The CAMS reanalysis of atmospheric composition
Authors: Inness Antje , Ades Melanie , Agustí-Panareda Anna , Barré Jérôme , Benedictow Anna , Blechschmidt Anne-Marlene , Dominguez Juan Jose , Engelen Richard , Eskes Henk , Flemming Johannes , Huijnen Vincent , Jones Luke , Kipling Zak , Massart Sebastien , Parrington Mark , Peuch Vincent-Henri , Razinger Miha , Remy Samuel , Schulz Michael , Suttie Martin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
reanalysis is the latest global reanalysis dataset of atmospheric
composition produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
Forecasts (ECMWF), consisting of three-dimensional time-consistent atmospheric
composition fields, including aerosols and chemical species. The dataset
currently covers the period 2003–2016 and will be extended in the future by
adding 1 year each year. A reanalysis for greenhouse gases is being
produced separately. The CAMS reanalysis builds on the experience gained
during the production of the earlier Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and
Climate (MACC) reanalysis and CAMS interim reanalysis. Satellite retrievals
of total column CO; tropospheric column NO2; aerosol optical depth (AOD); and
total column, partial column and profile ozone retrievals were assimilated
for the CAMS reanalysis with ECMWF's Integrated Forecasting System. The new
reanalysis has an increased horizontal resolution of about 80 km and
provides more chemical species at a better temporal resolution (3-hourly
analysis fields, 3-hourly forecast fields and hourly surface forecast
fields) than the previously produced CAMS interim reanalysis. The CAMS
reanalysis has smaller biases compared with most of the independent ozone,
carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and aerosol optical depth observations
used for validation in this paper than the previous two reanalyses and is
much improved and more consistent in time, especially compared to the MACC
reanalysis. The CAMS reanalysis is a dataset that can be used to compute
climatologies, study trends, evaluate models, benchmark other reanalyses or
serve as boundary conditions for regional models for past periods.
Development and prospects of the regional MiKlip decadal prediction system over Europe: predictive skill, added value of regionalization, and ensemble size dependency
Authors: Reyers Mark , Feldmann Hendrik , Mieruch Sebastian , Pinto Joaquim G. , Uhlig Marianne , Ahrens Bodo , Früh Barbara , Modali Kameswarrao , Laube Natalie , Moemken Julia , Müller Wolfgang , Schädler Gerd , Kottmeier Christoph 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The current state of development and the prospects of the regional MiKlip decadal prediction system
for Europe are analysed. The MiKlip regional system consists of two 10-member hindcast
ensembles computed with the global coupled model MPI-ESM-LR downscaled for the European
region with COSMO-CLM to a horizontal resolution of 0.22∘ (∼25 km).
Prediction skills are computed for temperature, precipitation, and wind speed using E-OBS
and an ERA-Interim-driven COSMO-CLM simulation as verification datasets. Focus is given
to the eight European PRUDENCE regions and to lead years 1–5 after initialization.
Evidence of the general potential for regional decadal predictability for all three
variables is provided. For example, the initialized hindcasts outperform the
uninitialized historical runs for some key regions in Europe, particularly in southern
Europe. However, forecast skill is not detected in all cases, but it depends on the
variable, the region, and the hindcast generation. A comparison of the downscaled
hindcasts with the global MPI-ESM-LR runs reveals that the MiKlip prediction system may
distinctly benefit from regionalization, in particular for parts of southern Europe and
for Scandinavia. The forecast accuracy of the MiKlip ensemble is systematically enhanced
when the ensemble size is increased stepwise, and 10 members is found to be suitable for
decadal predictions. This result is valid for all variables and European regions in both
the global and regional MiKlip ensemble. The present results are encouraging for the
development of a regional decadal prediction system.
“Deplorable” Satire: Alt-Right Memes, White Genocide Tweets, and Redpilling Normies
Authors: Greene Viveca S. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
In the past decade, people associated with what is known as the alt-right have employed a strategy similar to that of progressive, antiracist satirists to advance a decidedly white supremacist, anti-Semitic, misogynist, and deadly serious agenda. As this article documents, the alt-right weaponizes irony to attract and radicalize potential supporters, challenge progressive ideologies and institutions, redpill normies, and create a toxic counterpublic. Discussing examples of satiric irony generated by the extreme right alongside those produced by the (often mainstream) left, this article pairs two satirical memes, two activists’ use of irony, two ambiguously satirical tweets, and two recent controversies pertaining to racism and satire so as to illustrate how people with very different political commitments employ a similar style with potent effects. Of particular significance are reverse racism discourses, including “white genocide,” and the increasingly complicated relationship between intentions, extremism, and satire.
The syntactic structure of <i>pelirrojo</i> compounds
Authors: Marqueta Bárbara 
Published: March 2019

This paper deals with Spanish adjective-headed compounds (pelirrojo), whose main properties are systematically compared with those of their English counterparts (red-haired). I provide a distinction based on the grammatical category of the non-head projections peli and red and on their relative complexity to capture the relevant differences. Additionally, I focus on the most noticed feature of Spanish pelirrojo compounds, which is the fact that they only codify inalienable possession relationships. I argue that the existence of an inalienable-only compound pattern shows that Spanish pelirrojo compounds contain a relational head which establishes an inalienable possession relationship between a possessee located inside the compound (pelo ‘hair’), and a possessor located outside it (e.g., Juan in Juan es pelirrojo. ‘John is red-haired.’). The same kind of relational structure is not identifiable inside English parallel structures or other Spanish compound patterns.
Examining the Problem Solving Skills of Primary Education Mathematics Teacher Candidates according to Their Learning Styles
Authors: Altun Hasan 
Published: March 2019

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the problem solving skills of primary education mathematics teacher candidates according to their learning styles. The students of Primary Education Mathematics Department students of the universities in TRNC constitute the general universe of the research and the students who study in Primary Education Mathematics Department of a private university in TRNC constitute the universe of the study. Sampling of the research consists of a total 26 students studying in Primary Education Mathematics Department in 2017-2018 academic year, determined by using the appropriate sampling method.
In order to determine the learning styles of primary education mathematics teacher candidates, 12-item Kolb Learning Inventory, developed (1976) and rearranged (1985) by Kolb and the applicability of which was proven by Aşkar and Akkoyunlu (1993) in Turkey was used in this research. Problem solving inventory used to determine teacher candidates’ problem solving skills was developed in 1982 by Heppner and Petersen and adapted to Turkish by Şahin, Şahin and Heppner.
As a result of the study, when students’ learning styles are examined it was observed that the students with converging learning style are 42.3%, students with assimilating learning style are 38.5%, students with diverging learning style are 11.5% and students with an accommodating learning style are 7.7%. It was observed that the students who participated in the study showed a tendency towards problem solving confidence. It has been suggested that taking learning styles and problem solving skills in organizing educational environments into account can help in increasing success.
Het Voorontwerp Franchise: strike two voor de wetgever
Authors: Schelhaas H.N. , Spanjaard J.H.M. 
Published: March 2019

Het Voorontwerp Franchise: strike two voor de wetgever
Op 12 december 2018 publiceerde de wetgever een nieuw voorontwerp voor een wettelijke regeling van de franchiseovereenkomst. Een eerder voorontwerp uit 2017 werd kritisch bejegend door de praktijk. In dit artikel wordt het nieuwe voorontwerp besproken. De auteurs gaan in op de ratio legis, de precontractuele informatieverplichting en de goodwillplicht. Deze onderwerpen bespreken zij tegen de achtergrond van de huidige wettelijke regelingen, doctrine en rechtspraak.
Ontbinding: effectief wapen of zwaard van Damocles?
Authors: Olthof I.W.M. 
Published: March 2019

Ontbinding: effectief wapen of zwaard van Damocles?
In het Eigen Haard-arrest heeft de Hoge Raad bevestigd dat de toets voor de ontbinding van overeenkomsten laagdrempelig blijft, in die zin dat in beginsel iedere tekortkoming volstaat en dat een beroep op de tenzij-bepaling niet terughoudend moet worden beoordeeld. Bij de beoordeling van die tenzij-bepaling zijn vervolgens in beginsel alle omstandigheden van het geval – en niet alleen de bijzondere aard of geringe betekenis van de tekortkoming – in gelijke mate van belang. Concrete handvatten voor de houdbaarheid van een ontbindingsberoep in de praktijk bevat het arrest echter niet. Uitspraken van feitenrechters laten zien dat een breed scala aan omstandigheden wordt meegewogen, maar dat een beroep op ontbinding toch in de meeste gevallen slaagt. Voor meer zekerheid over de ingeroepen ontbinding zullen partijen (nog altijd) heldere contractuele afspraken moeten maken.
De franchisenemersvereniging en de binding van franchisenemers
Authors: Dolphijn A.W. 
Published: March 2019

De franchisenemersvereniging en de binding van franchisenemers
Aan de orde komt de vraag of een franchisenemer gebonden is aan afspraken die de franchisenemersvereniging met de franchisegever maakt, op grond van de franchiseovereenkomst.
Some peculiarities of the Law of Inheritance: The Formation of Imāmī and Ismāʿīlī Law
Authors: Cilardo Agostino 
Published: March 2019

The question of the caliphate or imamate and similarly that of the mutʿa marriage (Imāmīs) are generally seen as the deepest differences distinguishing Shīʿī law systems from those of the remaining law schools. Inheritance law, however, reveals an additional range of Shīʿī idiosyncrasies: the division of heirs by kin into classes, certain privileges of the eldest son, and certain disadvantages of wives with respect to some goods in their husband's estates. From a historical point of view, the analysis of these cases leads to some innovative conclusions about the origin and development of Imāmi and Ismaʿīlī doctrine, the influence of political elements on the law system, the question of the authenticity of the Zaydī Majmūʿ al-fiqh, and the dominance of practical considerations over strict legal rules.