bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An object-oriented approach to dual reciprocity boundary element method applied to 2D elastoplastic problems
Authors: Gomes Gilberto , Delgado Neto Alvaro Martins , Bezerra Luciano Mendes , Silva Ramon 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe further developments on a novel formulation of the boundary element method (BEM) for inelastic problems using the dual reciprocity method (DRM) but using object-oriented programming (OOP). As the BEM formulation generates a domain integral due to the inelastic stresses, the DRM is employed in a modified form using polyharmonic spline approximating functions with polynomial augmentation. These approximating functions produced accurate results in BEM applications for a range of problems tested, and have been shown to converge linearly as the order of the function increases.

Design/methodology/approach
A programming class named DRMOOP, written in C++ language and based on OOP, was developed in this research. With such programming, general matrix equations can be easily established and applied to different inelastic problems. A vector that accounts for the influence of the inelastic strains on the displacements and boundary forces is obtained.

Findings
The C++ DRMOOP class has been implemented and tested with the BEM formulation applied to classical elastoplastic problem and the results are reported at the end of the paper.

Originality/value
An object-oriented technology and the C++ DRMOOP class applied to elastoplastic problems.
Indian students’ attitude toward educational debt: scale development and validation
Authors: Kaur Jagdish , Arora Sangeeta 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to develop, refine and validate a multidimensional scale for measuring students’ attitude toward educational debt for higher studies in Punjab (India) and the impact of this attitude on the satisfaction of students.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses interview and survey approach. The sample comprises 417 students from four public and four private universities of Punjab (India). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis have been used to develop and validate students’ attitude toward education loan scale (Morgado et al., 2017). Further, structural equation modeling (SEM) has been used to analyze the impact of factors of students’ attitude on their satisfaction.

Findings
The scale has been tested for both reliability and validity. Analysis has revealed six factors of students’ attitude toward educational debt, namely, economic empowerment, social empowerment, utility, procedural requirements, risk and stress. These, six independent variables and one dependent variable, i.e. students’ satisfaction, were entered into structural equation model. The structural equation model shows that procedural requirements, economic empowerment and utility have a positive, whereas stress has a negative and significant impact on the students’ satisfaction.

Practical implications
Education financing is a gigantic problem nowadays due to the high cost of self-financing courses in Punjab. To make higher education accessible to all students, education loan plays a vital role. Thus, the attitude of students is of great importance to policymakers to bring reforms in education loan scheme.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the foremost study for developing a validated tool to measure the students’ attitude toward educational debt in India.
Are hedge fund returns affected by media coverage of macroeconomic news?
Authors: Dutta Sandip , Thorson James 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Extant literature suggests that the difficulty associated with the interpretation of macroeconomic news announcements by the market in general in different economic environments, might be the reason why most studies do not find any significant relationship between real-sector macroeconomic variables and financial asset returns. This paper aims to use a different approach to measure macroeconomic news. The objective is to examine if a different measure of a macroeconomic news variable, constructed from media coverage of the same, significantly affects hedge fund returns.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a news index for unemployment, which is a real-sector variable, constructed from newspaper coverage of unemployment announcements and examine its impact on hedge fund returns.

Findings
Contrary to the other studies that examine the impact of macroeconomic news on hedge fund returns, the authors find that media coverage of unemployment news announcements significantly affects hedge fund returns.

Practical implications
Overall, this paper demonstrates that the manner in which the market interprets macroeconomic news announcements in different economic environments is probably a more relevant factor for hedge funds and is more likely to impact hedge fund returns. In conjunction with variables – constructed from media coverage of unemployment news announcements – that factor in the manner of interpretation, it is found that surprises also matter for hedge fund returns. This is an important consideration for hedge fund managers as well.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines the impact of media coverage of macroeconomic news announcements on hedge fund returns and finds significantly different results with real-sector macro variables.
Temperature based spindle speed controller during friction stir welding of aluminium metal matrix composites
Authors: SG Rahul , A. Sharmila 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate two control mechanisms on the two parameters, namely, spindle speed and tool pin position, while performing friction stir welding (FSW) for aluminium metal matrix composites (Al-MMC) using the concept of system identification.

Design/methodology/approach
FSW is a feasible choice for joining of Al-MMC over the fusion welding due to the formation of the narrow heat-affected zone and minimizing the formation of intermetallic compounds at weld interface. The goal in FSW is to generate enough thermal energy by friction between the workpiece and rotating tool. Heat energy is generated due to mechanical interaction because of the difference in velocity between the workpiece and rotating tool. The generated heat is proportional to the tool pin position and the spindle speed. In the present work, a Smith Predictor Control scheme and adaptive control scheme are developed during joining of Al6061/SiC/B4C Al-MMC by FSW. Adaptive controller is developed to control the tool pin position while Smith Predictor control is developed to control the spindle speed. Initially, the Al-MMC plates are prepared at five combinations of SiC and B4C reinforcements and welded at three level parameter settings followed by tensile testing. The experimental data are used in estimating the plant transfer function model using system identification. The control schemes are then developed for the estimated plant model and the same are validated using a standard PID controller. In both the control schemes, PID controller results in a sluggish response. Experimental validations are performed for the developed control schemes followed by microscopic studies of the weldments.

Findings
In both the control schemes, PID controller results in a sluggish response. Experimental validations are performed for the developed control schemes followed by microscopic studies of the weldments.

Research limitations/implications
Results from the study concluded that the developed MRAC and Smith predictor scheme effectively controlled the vibrations and spindle speed effectively.

Originality/value
It is observed that the scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the Al-MMC’s welded using developed control schemes resulted in good boding with homogenous distribution of reinforcement particles.
The Pension Trust: Fit For Purpose?
Authors: Donald M. Scott 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe law of trusts plays an integral and multi‐faceted role in the regulatory scheme shaping the occupational pensions arena in Australia and the United Kingdom. It facilitates the operation of private law modalities, such as innovation and competition. However, that openness also renders members’ interests vulnerable and the lack of transparency and emaciated accountability mechanisms within trust law undermine the powerful normative force exerted by the language in which trust doctrine is so often couched. That said, the regulatory regimes buttress, and rely upon, the protections offered by trust law. The result is a compelling illustration of the nuanced way in which private law is employed in a modern regulatory state.
Gene expression during genital morphogenesis in the ground beetle Carabus maiyasanus
Authors: Nomura Shota , Fujisawa Tomochika , Sota Teiji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo investigate the developmental genetics of genital formation in the carabid beetle Carabus maiyasanus, we compared gene expression patterns among five stages using transcriptomic RNA sequencing data from abdominal segments and genitalia in the third (last) larval instar (including prepupa) and pupal stages. We identified 18 839 genes, of which 10 796 were differentially expressed among stages or between sexes. There were relatively few differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the sexes (3%). The DEGs were clustered into six groups, mainly according to stage‐specific expression patterns. Genes in clusters 1–3 showed high expression levels before pupation and low expression levels during the pupal period, whereas genes in clusters 4–6 showed high expression levels from the prepupal to the pupal stages. Genes related to the initial pupation process and differentiation of genital discs in Drosophila were involved in clusters 4 and 6 and showed low expression levels at early third instar and elevated expression levels from the early prepupal stage, suggesting that the pupation process and genital differentiation started in the prepupal stage. Clusters 4 and 5 included developmental genes related to organ size control, which may be important in the formation of internal genital structures during the pupal stage.
Pre‐medication before dental procedures: A randomized controlled study comparing intranasal dexmedetomidine with oral midazolam
Authors: Sathyamoorthy Madhankumar , Hamilton Thomas B. , Wilson Gerri , Talluri Rajesh , Fawad Lubna , Adamiak Brittany , Wallace Cayce , Borissova Irina , Heard Christopher 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine if intranasal dexmedetomidine is a superior pre‐medication to oral midazolam in older, difficult children.MethodsThis was conducted as a prospective, single‐blind randomized control trial in a tertiary care center. Seventy‐five children, age >5 years and weight >20 kg, who needed general anesthesia for dental procedures were randomly assigned to be pre‐medicated with either oral midazolam at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (max 15 mg) or intranasal dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2 mcg/kg (max 100 mcg). The primary outcome studied was the patients' level of sedation when separated from their parents, which was assessed using a 5‐point University of Michigan Sedation Scale. Secondary outcome studied was the level of anxiolysis assessed by the acceptance of mask induction using a 4‐point scale. All assessments were made by one research person blinded to the study drug.ResultsThe two groups were similar in age, sex, weight, pre‐anesthetic behavior, time from pre‐medication to anesthesia induction, and surgical time. A significantly higher proportion of patients who received dexmedetomidine had satisfactory sedation at separation from parents (69.4% vs 40.5%, P = .03) compared to those who received midazolam. There were no significant differences in the rate of acceptance of mask induction (80.6% vs 78.4%, P = 1.00). Intranasal dexmedetomidine was tolerated well when administered using a mucosal atomizer and without any clinically significant effect on heart rate or systolic blood pressure.ConclusionsIntranasal dexmedetomidine provides higher success rate in sedation and parental separation compared to oral midazolam, in older, difficult children.
Exposure to Parental Alcohol Use Rather Than Parental Drinking Shapes Offspring's Alcohol Expectancies
Authors: Smit Koen , Voogt Carmen , Otten Roy , Kleinjan Marloes , Kuntsche Emmanuel 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundAlcohol expectancies (AE), that is, the anticipated effects of alcohol, start developing early in childhood and are important predictors of alcohol use years later. Whereas previous research has demonstrated that parental drinking relates to children's AE, this study aims to test whether exposure to parental alcohol use mediates the link between parental alcohol use and positive and negative AE among children (6 to 8 years) and early adolescents (12 to 15 years).MethodsLongitudinal multi‐informant family studies were conducted in the Netherlands among children (Study 1 (2015 to 2017): N = 329; 48.9% boys; Mage = 4.6) and adolescents (Study 2 [2015 to 2018]: N = 755; 45.6% boys; Mage = 11.3). Fathers’ and mothers’ alcohol use in terms of quantity and exposure (i.e., the frequency of alcohol use in 9 family‐specific situations), and offspring's AE were collected using online questionnaires.ResultsStructural equation modeling conducted in the full sample and separately by gender revealed the following: For children, no associations were found in the full sample. However, gender‐specific results indicated that fathers’ exposure was associated with (and mediated) favorable AE. Among adolescents, fathers’ exposure was associated with (and mediated) social and coping AE (both boys and girls) and enhancement AE (only boys). Contrastingly, neither mothers’ alcohol use nor its exposure was associated with any AE. Although different associations were found by offspring's gender, strong evidence for gender differences was lacking.ConclusionsThis study indicates that, for specific expectancies, exposure to fathers’ alcohol use shapes offspring's cognitions about the effects of alcohol, rather than fathers’ alcohol use in general. Prevention efforts could focus on lowering the degree to which fathers expose their drinking, which might be more easily changeable than drinking in general.
The impact of herbivore exclusion on forb diversity: Comparing species and functional responses during a drought
Authors: van Coller Helga , Siebert Frances 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRainfall and herbivory shape savannah herbaceous communities, but these disturbances are being altered globally. To assess potential consequences of such alterations, we evaluated herbivore effects on species and functional diversity during an episodic drought in a sodic savannah using data collected from long‐term herbivore exclosures in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Herbaceous life forms are rarely acknowledged as distinct functional entities. Moreover, the functional ecology of forbs remains elusive. Here, we present disturbances–responses by forbs separately from grasses. We hypothesised that combinations of intense utilisation and drought would be associated with low diversity and high dominance at species and functional levels for both life forms. Contrary to our hypothesis, low forb and grass diversity was associated with long‐term herbivore exclusion, which exceeded expected undesirable effects of intense utilisation and drought. Grasses responded less sensitively, suggesting that forbs respond dynamically to changes in herbivore assemblage when these alterations are combined with drought. Consistent with patterns in savannah systems, forbs contributed significantly to species and functional trait diversity. High forb diversity is suggested to enhance resilience of this nutrient‐rich ecosystem against declines in its functioning when subjected to drought and alterations in herbivory.
Effect of grazing cows in an intensive silvopastoral system with Leucaena leucocephala on Panela cheese properties: yield, composition, fatty acid profile and sensory acceptability
Authors: Moneeb Asmaa H. M. , Aguilar‐Pérez Carlos F. , Ayala‐Burgos Armín J. , Solorio-Sánchez Francisco J. , Ku‐Vera Juan C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractYield, chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and sensory acceptability of Panela cheese produced from cows grazing in an intensive silvopastoral system (ISS) with Leucaena leucocephala and Cynodon nlemfuensis were evaluated and compared with Panela cheese from cows grazing a monoculture system (MS) of C. nlemfuensis only. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks in a tropical area in Mexico using ten crossbred cows (30–90 days of milking) assigned homogenously as five cows in each experimental group. No significant differences were found between the two systems for milk and cheese gross composition. Panela cheese from ISS showed lower content of the hypercholesterolemic fatty acids, accompanied with higher content of omega‐3, omega‐6 and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, Panela cheese from ISS showed higher preference for the attributes of appearance, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability. It is concluded that Panela cheese from cows grazing in ISS has better acceptability and nutritional properties than that produced from MS with grass only.
Effects of maternal protein supplementation and inclusion of rumen‐protected fat in the finishing diet on nutrient digestibility and expression of intestinal genes in Nellore steers
Authors: da Cruz Wendell F. G. , Schoonmaker Jon P. , de Resende Flavio D. , Siqueira Gustavo R. , Rodrigues Liziana M. , Zamudio Germán D. R. , Ladeira Marcio M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate nutrient digestibility and intestine gene expression in the progeny from cows supplemented during gestation and fed diets with or without rumen‐protected fat (RPF) in the feedlot. Forty‐eight Nellore steers, averaging 340 kg, were housed in individual pens and allotted in a completely randomized design using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (dams nutrition × RPF). Cows' supplementation started after 124 ± 21 days of gestation. The feedlot lasted 135 days and diets had the inclusion of zero or 6% of RPF. Digestibility was evaluated by total feces collection. Steers were slaughtered using the concussion technique and samples of pancreas and small intestine were collected immediately after the slaughter to analyze α‐amylase activity, and the expression of SLC5A1, CD36, and CCK and villi morphometry. Feeding RPF increased nutrients digestibility (p < 0.01). There was no effect of maternal nutrition on digestibility and α‐amylase activity in steers (p > 0.05). Duodenal expression of SLC5A1, CD36, and CCK increased in the progeny from restricted cows. In conclusion, protein restriction during mid to late gestation of dams has long‐term effects on small‐intestine length and on expression of membrane transporters genes in the duodenum of the progeny. However, maternal nutrition does not affect digestibility in the feedlot.
Drug‐induced aseptic meningitis: 329 cases from the French pharmacovigilance database analysis
Authors: Bihan Kevin , Weiss Nicolas , Théophile Hélène , Funck‐Brentano Christian , Lebrun‐Vignes Bénédicte 
Published: July 2019

AimsDrug‐induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM) is an adverse drug reaction of exclusion; only few studies have addressed this iatrogenic disease. The aim was to characterize DIAM and to identify suspected drugs.MethodsData were collected from the analysis of the French Pharmacovigilance Database from inception (1 January 1985) to 8 March 2017. All cases were initially analysed according to the French imputability method by institutional pharmacologists (clinicians or pharmacists). Further analyses of well documented cases were then performed.ResultsIn this study, 329 cases of aseptic meningitis were retrieved from the French Pharmacovigilance Database for a total of 429 suspected drugs. Analysis of 203 well documented cases, including 282 drugs, showed that the main reported classes were intravenous polyvalent immunoglobulin, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), vaccines, antimicrobials, intrathecal antimetabolites, corticosteroids and antalgics/anaesthetics (except NSAIDs). Lymphocytic (33.0%) and purulent (44.8%) meningitis represented the majority of cases of aseptic meningitis. In other cases, the cerebrospinal fluid was mixed (45–55% of neutrophils +45–55% of lymphocytes) or data about cerebrospinal fluid composition were lacking. Most DIAM cases (96%) had a favourable reported outcome with full recovery or minimal residual symptoms.ConclusionThe most frequently involved drugs in DIAM were intravenous polyvalent immunoglobulin, NSAIDs, vaccines, and antimicrobials and this without being able to differentiate them in terms of biological characteristics. Although further studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of DIAM, a continuous enrichment of pharmacovigilance databases is essential to identify new signals and to help clinicians in the understanding of DIAM.
Substance, rights, value, and abortion
Authors: Simkulet William 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost serious contemporary opposition to abortion is grounded on the belief that human fetuses are members of the same moral category as beings like us, and that the loss of any such life is one of the worst possible losses. Substance view theorists oppose abortion for this reason: in their view beings like us are essentially rational substances with inherent moral worth, and those who perform induced abortion fail to recognize this moral worth. In a recent series of articles, Rob Lovering presents reductio‐style arguments against the substance view, in part arguing that it is inconsistent with our intuitions in rescue and spontaneous abortion cases. In a recent reply, Henrik Friberg‐Fernros argues that the substance view can evade these problematic implications because of a distinction between killing and letting die. According to this argument, the fetus’s right to life is a negative right not to be killed, not a positive right to be rescued, thus the anti‐abortion theorist who lets fetuses die acts acceptably. I argue this stance fails to recognize the inherent moral worth that the substance view contends fetuses possess. One who refrains from saving a person, or doesn’t care how many people she saves, cannot reasonably claim to value life. Furthermore, this stance is at odds with most contemporary anti‐abortion views that oppose induced abortions of both the killing and letting die variety.
A Unifying Approach for Investigating and Understanding Youth’s Help and Care for the Family
Authors: Armstrong‐Carter Emma , Olson Elizabeth , Telzer Eva 
Published: July 2019

AbstractYouth provide significant contributions to their families, ranging from completing household chores to taking care of members of the family. Researchers have examined correlates, predictors, and consequences of the variation in youth’s contributions to their families. One body of work has examined family assistance—youth’s help with household chores. Another has looked at youth caregivers who provide significant, ongoing care to family members with health needs. This research has been disaggregated across various theoretical models, methods, and terms, making it difficult to investigate and understand the full spectrum of youth’s contributions to the family. In this article, we summarize evidence about youth’s help and care for the family across a fuller spectrum of behaviors and intensity, and review the challenges and strengths of myriad methods and conceptual models. We propose a unifying approach for investigating youth’s contributions to the family that capitalizes on the strengths of each discipline and prioritizes interdisciplinary sharing of resources.