bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Patient Safety Education in the Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum: A Discussion Paper
Authors: Mansour Mansour J , Al Shadafan Shadi F , Abu-Sneineh Firas T , AlAmer Mohammed M 
Published: July 2018

Background:This paper explores the opportunities and challenges for integrating patient safety education in undergraduate nursing curriculum.Methods:Four dimensions of undergraduate nursing education are examined: National accreditation of nursing programs, building a competency-based nursing education, a model of nursing education and building faculty capacity in patient safety education and research.Results:Incorporating patient safety in a nursing curriculum can be “institutionalized” by making it a pre-requisite for granting program accreditation. At the operational level, transforming undergraduate nursing education to incorporate inquiry-based learning and moving toward competency-based patient safety education are two key requirements for engaging the students with patient safety science. Building faculty capacity who are experts in both patient safety teaching and research remains a key challenge that needs to be addressed to enable a shift in the patient safety “mindset” for future nursing workforce.Conclusion:Efforts to introduce patient safety in nursing education are both necessary and timely, and should accommodate students’ unique needs and cultural context.
Association of Household Fuel Type, Kitchen Characteristics and House Structure with Child Size at Birth in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Admasie Amha , Kumie Abera , Worku Alemayehu 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Small sized child at birth is associated with household fuel use particularly from biomass fuel type. Household air pollution is believed to affect the fetus directly through trans-placental exposure or indirectly by adversely impacting birth outcome which resulted from a small-sized child at birth. It is an important predictor of children's health and is associated with higher risk of infant and child mortality due to various contributing factors. This study ascertained the association between household fuel types, kitchen characteristics and house structure with child size at birth in Wolaita Sodo, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study among 1042 mothers paired with their child aged between 0-59 months was employed. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling from 6 Kebeles. The size of a child at birth was determined based on the mother’s report. Data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results:
The prevalence of small size at birth was 16.3%, (95% CI 14.2%-18.6%). Children were relatively equally distributed by age. The mean age of the children was 23.74 ± 14.93 months. Sixty-one percent of households used charcoal followed by biomass fuel (23.4%) for cooking activities. About 322 (30.9%) houses had one room, 504 (48.4%) houses had one door and 431 (41.4%) houses had only one window. Biomass fuel type (AOR, 3.83, 95% CI, 1.95-15.35), cooking place inside the house (AOR, 2.27, 95% CI 1.88-5.88, house without window, (AOR, 4.79, 95% CI 1.56-14.69), time spent for three or more hours in cooking, (AOR, 2.45, 95% CI 1.16-5.21) were significantly associated with child size at birth.

Conclusion:
Small size child at birth is still the concern of the study area. Using biomass fuel, cooking inside the house, more time spent in cooking and houses without window were determinants. Therefore, we recommend to the concerned stakeholders to work on clean fuel technologies and improving house designs to assuage related problems.
RANCANG BANGUN PENGUPAS BIJI LADA MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM CRUSHER
Authors: Rosa Firlya 
Published: July 2018

<em>Processing of post-harvest pepper includes threshing pepper from its stem, soaking and paring of pepper seeds. Paring of pepper seeds is still traditional. Pepper put into sacks and soaked for 10-14 days then trampled using human power. Using the traditional system takes a long time and the peel is not perfectly flaked and the energy required is huge. Therefore, it is necessary to design and manufacture the machine to replace the human power function, process and time of paring. The tool will be made by using a crusher system where 2 pieces of rubber-coated disks are rubbing against each other and flooded with the goal of shifting the pepper's peel meet the rubber. The disc consists of one dish in permanent and another will rotate that is transmitted by the bevel gear and the source of energy is electric motor. The dimension of the dish is 400 mm in diameter, the dimensions of the hole to put pepper is 30 mm and rotating speed of dish 15 rpm. The pepper used in this research is freshly picked pepper without soaking. Variables measured by time and exfoliation results. The research was found that 89% of the pepper was flaked perfectly, 11% did not exfoliate perfectly, the machine capacity is 1 kg/hour.</em>
La observación participante en el estudio etnográfico de las prácticas sociales
Authors: Jociles Rubio María Isabel 
Published: July 2018

En este artículo se presenta la observación participante (OP) como la técnica que permite a los antropólogos conocer las prácticas de los agentes sociales y reconstruir los procesos socioculturales que constituyen el centro de las investigaciones etnográficas. Para ello, la OP se enmarca en lo que se ha llamado la mirada antropológica y se compara con otras técnicas como la entrevista, el grupo de discusión o las “autograbaciones”. Finalmente, se proponen algunas pautas dirigidas a que el material etnográfico producido mediante la OP sirva para restituir la complejidad de los procesos socioculturales que se estudian desde la antropología.
COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
Authors: Sadiku Matthew N. O. , Wang Yonghui , Cui Suxia , Musa Sarhan M. 
Published: July 2018

Computation is an integral part of a larger revolution that will affect how science is conducted. Computational biology is an important emerging field of biology which is uniquely enabled by computation. It involves using computers to model biological problems and interpret data, especially problems in evolutionary and molecular biology. The application of computational tools to all areas of biology is producing excitements and insights into biological problems too complex for conventional approaches. This paper provides a brief introduction on computational biology.
ANALISIS PERFORMA SISTEM PENDINGIN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN UNTUK KABIN MOBIL CITY CAR MENGGUNAKAN MODUL TERMO ELECTRIC COOLER TERHADAP KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR
Authors: Yusuf Mirza , Wisnujati Andika 
Published: July 2018

Ramah lingkungan menjadi isu yang gencar dalam penelitian. Cloro Fluoro Carbon (CFC) yang digunakan dalam AC konvensional akan menguap ke udara bebas berdampak kerusakan lapisan ozon. Ditinjau secara micro dalam penggunaan sitem pendingin dapat diterapkan pada pendingin kabin mobil. System pendingin mobil konfensional menimbulkan 2 kerugian yaitu lebih boros bahan bakar karena couple pulley compressor AC membebani putaran mesin dan penggunaan CFC yang tidak ramah lingkungan. System pendingin ramah lingkunagan dan mampu menghemat bahan bakar mesin tersebut dapat kita temukan pada modul thermoelectric. terobosan baru sistem pendingin tersebut menggunakan modul pendingin Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) yang memanfaatkan sisi dingin pada Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) dengan memanfaatkan seaback effect . Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) ketika dialiri tegangan DC (arus searah) pada kedua jalur kabel penghubungnya maka salah satu sisi akan menjadi panas, sementara sisi satunya akan menjadi dingin. Salahsatu cara yang dapat ditempuh untuk memaksimalkan proses pendinginan, maka sisi panas Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC) harus diturunkan temperaturenya serendah mungkin mungkin dengan menggunakan alat penukar kalor heat sink serta dibantu kipas(fan). semakin lama proses pendinginan, maka semakin optimal suhu ruangan yang didinginkan. Dari data Hasil pengujian dapat diketahui perangkat pendingin tersebut mampu bekerja dengan rate penurunan temperature memadai. Selanjutnya dapat dapat diaplikasikan sebagai alat pendingin ruangan yang efektif, efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Kata kunci: Kabin mobil, Air Conditioner (AC) konvensional, Cloro Fluoro Carbon (CFC), Thermo Electric Cooler (TEC), komponen sistem pendingin.
Assessment of the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of new Calabar River, Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: Ilechukwu Ifenna , Mgbemena Nkoli M. , Inagbor Patience O. , Ndukwe Gloria I. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment samples from the New Calabar River in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria were determined. Grab sediment samples were collected from five stations in the river and analyzed for individual PCB congeners using gas chromatography - mass spectrometer. The Σ8PCB (sum of eight congeners) identified in the samples ranged from 0.21 to 2.16 mg/kg. Congener 105 and 194 were the most and least abundant with 34.65 % and 2.46 % respectively. The lower chlorinated congeners (below PCB 101) were prominent with 54.68 % of the total PCBs concentration in the sediments. The results of this study should make PCBs contaminants of grave concern in the Niger Delta Region.
Life cycle management in upgrade and renewal of civil infrastructures
Authors: Hertogh Marcel J.C.M. , Bakker Jaap D. , Vlist Maarten J. van der , Barneveld Albert S. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the forthcoming decades, many objects in transport infrastructure networks will come to the end of their technical, economical or functional lifespan. The replacement and renovation will require substan­tial budgets and a timely start to secure the current functionalities. These challenges are a main concern for asset managers. However, the replacement programmes also have the opportunity not only to maintain the cur­rently needed functionalities and quality but also for the timely adaptation of infrastructure networks to changing demands, because these will determine the value of these networks in the future. This will give added value not only to asset managers, but also to users (e.g. increased func­tionality), enterprises (e.g. new business opportunities), stakeholders (e.g. increase of liveability) and society as a whole (e.g. increased sustainability). Each replacement and renovation is an opportunity to make infrastruc­ture networks more fit for future economic and environ­mental needs. This means a shift in thinking for asset managers to a broader view. This paper proposes strate­gies for asset managers to cope with the challenges and opportunities. The traditional approach focuses on the delivery, but the key for the replacement and renovation programme is to focus on the whole life cycle through life cycle management (LCM). From the LCM-approach, four perspectives are presented to strategic decision-making on replacements and renovations: (1) broadening towards a network approach as an opportunity for redesign, (2) developing innovations for increasing requirements and budget restrictions, (3) realizing adaptive networks to cope with future challenges and (4) combining function­alities to increase added value. Ultimately the goal is to maximize value for society.
Power spectral and bispectral study of factors affecting employee turnover
Authors: Tam Vivian W.Y. , Le Khoa N. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Voluntary employee turnover can cause organ­izations to lose profits and competitiveness. Unexpected employee turnover may also result in project delay and reduction in project quality. It is important to control employee turnover rate and maintain good employees within an organization. This paper investigates the major causes of voluntary employee turnover in engineer­ing industries. Australia, Mainland China, and Taiwan were selected for the investigation. Questionnaires were administered, and structured interviews were conducted. Power spectrum was used for the analysis. It was found that “Good physical working environment”, “Receiving advanced training”, and “Short travel distance between home and work” are the major job-related ideal factors for the Australian, Mainland China, and Taiwan respondents, respectively. However, “Far distance between work and home” and “Dislike the colleague relationships” are found as the major factors for leaving jobs for the Australian/ Taiwan and Mainland China respondents, respectively. Recommendations to improve and to control employee turnover rate are also discussed.
Genetic effect in leaf and xylem transcriptome variations among Eucalyptus urophylla x grandis hybrids in field conditions
Authors: Vaillant Alexandre , Honvault Astrid , Bocs Stéphanie , Summo Maryline , Makouanzi Garel , Vigneron Philippe , Bouvet Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
To assess the genetic and environmental components of gene-expression variation among trees we used RNA-seq technology and Eucalyptus urophylla x grandis hybrid clones tested in field conditions. Leaf and xylem transcriptomes of three 20 month old clones differing in terms of growth, repeated in two blocks, were investigated. Transcriptomes were very similar between ramets. The number of expressed genes was significantly (P<0.05) higher in leaf (25,665±634) than in xylem (23,637±1,241). A pairwise clone comparisons approach showed that 4.5 to 14 % of the genes were diffe­rentially expressed (false discovery rate [FDR]<0.05) in leaf and 7.1 to 16 % in xylem. An assessment of among clone variance components revealed significant results in leaf and xylem in 3431 (248) genes (at FDR<0.2) and 160 (3) (at FDR<0.05), respectively. These two complementary approa­ches displayed correlated results. A focus on the phenylpro­panoid, cellulose and xylan pathways revealed a large majo­rity of low expressed genes and a few highly expressed ones, with RPKM values ranging from nearly 0 to 600 in leaf and 10,000 in xylem. Out of the 115 genes of these pathways, 45 showed differential expression for at least one pair of geno­type, five of which displaying also clone variance compo­nents. These preliminary results are promising in evaluating whether gene expression can serve as possible ‘intermediate phenotypes’ that could improve the accuracy of selection of grossly observable traits.
ANALISIS PENGATURAN KOMODITAS LADA DI PROVINSI KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG PERSPEKTIF ASAS-ASAS DALAM PEMBENTUKAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN
Authors: . Darwance , Nugroho Sigit , . Yokotani 
Published: July 2018

Abstak
Selain timah, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung juga dikenal sebagai daerah penghasi lada. Lada yang oleh masyarakat di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung dikenal dengan sebutan “sahang” ini menjadi komoditi unggulan daerah ini. berbagai upaya harus dilakukan oleh pengambil kebijakan (stakeholder) untuk mengelola sektor pertambangan khususnya timah dan sektor pertanian dan perkebunan khususnya lada guna mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif, pembahasan didasarkan pada perundang-undangan dan prinsip hukum yang berlaku, dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder belaka. Dikaji dari asas- as ask dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, ada beberapa hal yang sudah terpenuhi dan masih ada beberapa asas yang belum sepenuhnya dijadikan sebagai acuan oleh pembentuk peraturan daerah

Katakunci; Pengaturan, Lada, Asas Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
PEMBAGIAN HARTA WARIS KEPADA ANAK KANDUNG NON MUSLIM MELALUI WASIAT WAJIBAH
Authors: Apriyudi Eka 
Published: July 2018

Pemberian wasiat wajibah kepada ahli waris yang non muslim dewasa ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan rasa keadilan bagi anak-anak yang ditinggal mati oleh ayahnya yang beragama Islam. Mekipun demikian dalam Al-Qur’an maupun hadis tidak membenarkan anak yang non muslim mewarisi harta dari ayahnya yang beragama muslim. Melalui wasiat wajibah tersebut anak yang non muslim dapat diberikan warisan dari ayahnya. Kondisi tersebut melatarbelakangi penelitian ini dalam rangka mengetahui (1) Bagaimana kedudukan anak non muslim terhadap harta warisan pewaris beragama Islam? dan (2) Bagaimana pembagian harta waris kepada anak kandung non muslim melalui wasiat wajibah? Sejalan dengan permasalahan penelitian ini, maka jenis penelitian hukum yang digunakan bersifat penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan kasus. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan merupakan analisis yuridis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Kedudukan anak non muslim terhadap harta warisan pewaris beragama Islam adalah bukan sebagai ahli waris dimana dalam Hukum Waris Islam tidak mengenal adanya pewaris kepada orang yang berbeda agama (non-muslim), karena tujuan dari kewarisan itu sendiri menurut konsep maqashid al-syariah (tujuan diturunkannya syariat Islam) secara operasional adalah untuk memelihara harta dan keturunan. Hal ini yang menjadi alasan bahwa kedudukan hak anak non muslim atas warisan pewaris muslim diatur dalam Hukum Waris Islam yang berlaku di Indonesia yang menempatkan anak yang beragama lain dari agama yang dipeluk pewaris tidak memperoleh warisan tetapi memperoleh wasiat wajibah; dan (2) Pembagian harta waris kepada anak kandung non muslim melalui wasiat wajibah yang intinya menyatakan bahwa ahli waris yang beragama bukan Islam tetap bisa mendapat harta dari pewaris yang beragama Islam berdasarkan wasiat wajibah yang bagiannya sama dengan bagian anak perempuan sebagai ahli waris, sehingga anak non muslim berhak mendapatkan bagian harta warisan pewaris muslim sebagai penerima wasiat wajibah.

Kata Kunci: Wasiat Wajibah, Beda Agama, Pewarisan Islam.
Pengaruh Suplementasi Sumber Protein Hijauan Leguminosa terhadap Produksi Amonia dan Protein Total Ruminal Secara In Vitro
Authors: Prayitno R. S. , Wahyono F. , Pangestu E. 
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari konsentrat yang berbeda dengan sumber beberapa jenis leguminosa terhadap konsentrasi NH3, dan protein total rumen secara in vitro. Materi penelitian berupa konsentrat (kandungan PK 13%, TDN 65%). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan konsentrat adalah T1 (6% Crotalaria usaramoensi), T2 (6% Crotalaria juncea),T3 (6% Tephrosia), T4 (3% Crotalaria usaramoensi + 3% Crotalaria juncea), T5 (3% Crotalaria usaramoensi + 3% Tephrosia), T6 (3% Crotalaria juncea + 3% Tephrosia), T7 (2% Crotalaria usaramoensi + 2% Crotalaria juncea + 2% Tephrosia). Parameter yang diamati adalah produksi NH3 dan produksi protein total. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) akibat perlakuan, dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah ganda Duncan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrat yang ditambah dengan berbagai jenis leguminosa mampu meningkatkan produksi amonia dan protein total. Konsentrat dengan suplemen leguminosa jenis Crotalaria mampu meningkatkan produksi NH3 dan produksi protein total. Sedangkan konsentrat dengan suplemen leguminosa jenis Tephrosia di atas 3% akan menurunkan produksi NH3 dan protein total.
Effects of Presentation- Assimilation- Discussion (PAD) Class Teaching Model on Learning Attitudes of Nursing Students --- Taking the “Nursing Psychology” Course as an Example
Authors: Liu Zhiping , Yue Menglin 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to explore and discuss the effects of PAD Class Teaching Model on nursing students who are expected to enter undergraduate schools from junior colleges. Method: Randomly select 112 students from two classes (2016) who are expected to enter undergraduate schools from junior colleges in a medical school in Pingdingshan, and divide them into a control group and an experimental group using a method of cluster randomization. In the teaching process of “Nursing Psychology”, the control group and the experimental group respectively adopted the traditional teaching mode and the PAD class teaching mode. After the implementation of one semester, compare the nursing students’ learning attitudes change before and after the implementation. Results: The scores of the nursing students in the experimental group at the three latitudes of learning interests, learning habits, and professional cognition were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the differences have statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusions: PAD class teaching mode helps improve nursing students’ learning attitudes.
Clinical Significance and Ultrasonographic Analysis of Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Shangxin 
Published: July 2018

Objective:Â To explore the clinical value of color DopplerÂ ultrasonography in the diagnosis ofÂ breast cancer. Methods: 99Â cases of breast cancer patients were selected as the research object,Â retrospective analysis of its clinical treatment data. Results:Â TheÂ group of 99 patients, 97 confirmed cases, 2 cases wereÂ misdiagnosed, the diagnostic accuracy rate was 97.98%.Â Conclusion:Â Color Doppler ultrasonography in patients withÂ breast cancer has the advantagesÂ of high accuracy, simpleÂ operation and noninvasive. It is worthy of promotion.
Analysis of the effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery on immune function and survival in patients with early stage lung cancer undergoing radical operation
Authors: Zhang Xi 
Published: July 2018

Objective: To analysis of the effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery on immune function and survival in patients with early stage lung cancer undergoing radical operation. Methods From August 2009 to May 2011, 96 cases of early stage lung cancer undergoing radical operation patients were studied in our hospital.According to the simple random method were divided into control group and observatio n group, each group of 48 patients. The control group underwent thoracotomy and resection of lung cancer and the observation group underwent endoscopic resection of lung cancer. Comparison of the two groups of patients with surgery, immune parameters, quality of life and prognosis. Results The operation situation of the two groups were compared, found no significant difference between the two groups of patients with operation time (P>0.05), but the amount of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative drainage, extubation time and postoperative ambulation time were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05); two groups of patients before and after surgery, IgA IgM had no significant difference (P>0.05), and IgG patients aftersurgery is higher than the level before surgery, andCD3+,CD4+,CD8+T cell fraction less than before the surgery, compared with statistical significance (P<0.05); the patients in the observation group 1 days after IgG was significantly higher than control group, and CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T cell fraction in 1 days after surgery was lower thanÂ that of control group,Â compared with statisticalÂ significance (P<0.05); theÂ control group of patientsÂ with 5 year survival rateÂ was 43.75% and theÂ observation group patientsÂ 5 year survival rate wasÂ 56.25%. Two groups ofÂ patients with 5 yearÂ survival rate, recurrenceÂ rate and distant metastasisÂ showed no significantÂ difference (p>0.05). But the recurrence time of the observationÂ group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05); theÂ two groups of patients after treatment, the physiological status,Â social / family status, emotional status, functional status, additionalÂ lung cancer status was better than that before treatment (P<0.05),Â and the observation group of patients with physiological status,Â social / family, emotional status, functional status, additional lungÂ cancer status was significantly better than the control groupÂ (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with thoracotomy, video assistedÂ thoracoscopic surgery for early lung cancer resection, with smallÂ trauma, short recovery time of patients with, and has little effect onÂ the immune function of patients, prolong the recurrence time ofÂ patients, improve the quality of life of patients.