bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Keramik Magnet BaFe12O19 dengan Variasi Waktu Milling dan Temperatur Sintering
Authors: Salam Syaiful Izzuddin , Sanjaya Edi , Muljadi Muljadi 
Published: August 2019

In this study, we made ceramic magnet of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) with variation of milling time and sintering temperature by powder metallurgy method. First, barium hexaferrite powder mashed with a rotary ball mill. Milling is done with medium of water (wet milling) for 4 hours and 12 hours. Then, the sample is dried for 24 hours and printed with a load of 8 tons for 1 minute. Then, the pellet-shaped sample sintered at a temperature of 1100 °C and 1200 °C with a holding time of 1 hour. The density and porosity measurements were carried out using the Archimedes Method, phase analysis with XRD, and magnetic flux density using gaussmeter. The highest density were found in samples that were milled for 12 hours and sintered at the temperature of 1200 °C ie 4.495 gr/cm3. In that sample also obtained the lowest porosity 0.89%. From XRD analysis, we knew that hematite (Fe2O3) was found as impurity phase. From gaussmeter, the samples with the highest magnetic flux density were found in samples that were milled for 4 hours and sintered at a temperature of 1200 °C ie 410.3 G.
Seizure during Graves' disease
Authors: Vergely Nathalie , Garnier Pierre , Guy Claire , Khalfallah Yadh , Estour Bruno 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTOccurrence of seizure during Graves' disease is very rare. According to Lin et al. (1992), only 13 cases were published between 1956 and 1992. Since then, four other cases have been published, resulting in a total of 17 papers in 40 years (Li et al. 2000, Lee et al. 1997, Radetti et al. 1993). We report, in this paper, the case of a young girl treated for recurrent Graves' disease who presented a generalized seizure.
Atypical glycine encephalopathy in an extremely low birth weight infant: description of a new mutation and clinical and electroencephalographic analysis
Authors: Pardal‐Fernández José Manuel , Carrascosa‐Romero María Carmen , Vega Carlos de Cabo‐de la , Iniesta‐López Ivan , Gil‐Pons Esther , Martínez‐Gutiérrez Andrés 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe present the clinical course and EEG evolution of an extreme low birth weight preterm neonate with an uncommon type of glycine encephalopathy. The patient presented with myoclonic jerks, apnea and encephalopathy three months after birth without satisfactory therapeutic response. During the first days of clinical symptoms the patient presented a paroxystic burst‐attenuation EEG pattern which progressively evolved into an established typical burst‐suppression pattern within a few days. West syndrome occurred four weeks later and the patient died at seven months of extra‐uterine life due to a serious respiratory infection with cardio‐respiratory arrest. Genetic analysis showed a nonpreviously described mutation affecting a consensus splice site (IVS2‐1G > C 3) in the AMT gene encoding the T protein of the glycine cleavage system.
Frequency and spatial characteristics of high‐frequency neuromagnetic signals in childhood epilepsy
Authors: Xiang Jing , Liu Yang , Wang Yingying , Kirtman Elijah G. , Kotecha Rupesh , Chen Yangmei , Huo Xiaolin , Fujiwara Hisako , Hemasilpin Nat , Lee Ki , Mangano Francesco T. , Leach James , Jones Blaise , DeGrauw Ton , Rose Douglas 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPurpose. Invasive intracranial recordings have suggested that high‐frequency oscillation is involved in epileptogenesis and is highly localized to epileptogenic zones. The aim of the present study is to characterize the frequency and spatial patterns of high‐frequency brain signals in childhood epilepsy using a non‐invasive technology. Methods. Thirty children with clinically diagnosed epilepsy were studied using a whole head magnetoen‐cephalography (MEG) system. MEG data were digitized at 4 000 Hz. The frequency and spatial characteristics of high‐frequency neuromagnetic signals were analyzed using continuous wavelet transform and beamformer. Three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained for each patient to localize magnetic sources. Results. Twenty‐six patients showed high‐frequency (100‐1 000 Hz) components (26/30, 86%). Nineteen patients showed more than one high‐frequency component (19/30, 63%). The frequency range of high‐frequency components varied across patients. The highest frequency band was identified around 910 Hz. The loci of high‐frequency epileptic activities were concordant with the lesions identified by magnetic resonance imaging for 21 patients (21/30, 70%). The MEG source localizations of high‐frequency components were found to be concordant with intracranial recordings for nine of the eleven patients who underwent epilepsy surgery (9/11, 82%). Conclusion. The results have demonstrated that childhood epilepsy was associated with high‐frequency epileptic activity in a wide frequency range. The concordance of MEG source localization, MRI and intracranial recordings suggests that measurement of high‐frequency neuromagnetic signals might provide a novel approach for clinical management of childhood epilepsy.
Imaging of malformations of cortical development
Authors: Colombo Nadia , Salamon Noriko , Raybaud Charles , Özkara Çigdem , Barkovich A. James 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTMalformations of cortical development (MCD) include a broad range of disorders that result from disruption of the major steps of cortical development: cell proliferation in germinal zones, neuronal migration and cortical organization. With the improvement and increased utilization of modern imaging techniques, MCD have been increasingly recognized as a major cause of seizure disorders. The advent of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), in particular, has revolutionized the investigation and the treatment of patients with epilepsy. High‐resolution MRI may elucidate the type, the extension and the localization of MCD; therefore, in a group of patients suffering from drug‐resistant partial epilepsy (DRPE), MRI greatly contributes to the identification of subjects who are suitable for surgical treatment. In the recent past, many efforts were addressed to establish the MRI diagnostic criteria for a peculiar group of MCD, namely focal cortical dysplasias (FCD), histopathologically distinguished as types I and II. Some subtle FCD, which were previously cryptic to imaging investigation, can now be recognized by MRI, however their detection and specification remains challenging. This review will re‐visit the neuroimaging findings, including structural MRI, PET, co‐registered PET/MRI, MEG and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of FCD types I and II. Three major issues will be discussed: 1) the morphological MRI features of the FCDs, 2) the utility of PET and MEG and the use of co‐registration methods and 3) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a future modality of investigation, which may add additional informations regarding the microstructure of the grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in cortical dysplasia.
Panayiotopoulos syndrome with coincidental brain lesions
Authors: Yalçın A. Destina , Toydemir Hülya Ertaşoğlu , Çelebi Lale Gündoğdu , Forta Hulki 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeTo describe the clinical and electroencephalographic features of three patients diagnosed with Panayiotopoulos syndrome with different lesions identified by cranial MRI investigation.MethodsOur study was based on patients from the Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic of Şişli Etfal Education Hospital in Istanbul, where a prospective study of Panayiotopoulos syndrome was initiated in 1995. Records of our Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic revealed 53 patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome. Among them were three with cranial lesions identified by MRI.ResultsThe onset of the seizures in our patients ranged between five and eight years. The seizures included mainly autonomic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, pallor, mydriasis, urinary and fecal incontinence, and rarely hypersalivation. Autonomic partial status was detected in one patient. The personal history of our patients revealed head trauma in two and difficult birth history in one patient. Two patients described simple febrile seizures. All patients had occipital spike or spike‐wave complexes in their EEGs. The background activity was normal. From the cranial MRI, one patient had a neuroepithelial cyst, the second patient had a right occipital encephalomalasic lesion and the third patient had an arachnoid cyst located in the cisterna magna associated with colpocephaly. Seizure frequency was low in general. All patients except for one received carbamazepine treatment 450‐600 mg/day. None of our patients had seizures under antiepileptic treatment.ConclusionsChildren with Panayiotopoulos syndrome may have static MRI brain findings which are likely to be coincidental and do not affect prognosis.
Hypothalamic hamartoma causing gelastic seizures treated with stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Weimin , Guo Xiaofei , Zeng Yanjun , Jiang Xiaodan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeTo present a case of small hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) causing gelastic seizures and treated with stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation.Case reportA 22‐year‐old man presented with intractable gelastic seizures and focal seizures refractory to medical treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 6 mm × 6 mm × 7 mm sessile intraventricular HH. Under local anesthesia, four intra‐hamartoma lesions were made via stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation using a depth electrode for recording and stimulation.ResultsTransient central hyperthermia, hypertension, and tachycardia were observed during the coagulation procedure. Intra‐hamartoma spikes and slow waves were identified on depth electrode recordings. No gelastic seizure was induced by deep stimulation. The patient was seizure‐free during the 12‐month follow up and no permanent surgical complications occurred.ConclusionStereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation may be an effective and safe treatment option in selected cases of hypothalamic hamartoma with gelastic seizures.
Paroxysmal episodes, “re‐build up” phenomenon and moyamoya disease
Authors: Dlamini Nomazulu , Goyal Sushma , Jarosz Jozef , Hampton Timothy , Siddiqui Ata , Hughes Elaine 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTMoyamoya disease is an idiopathic cerebral vasculopathy, which may be progressive or non‐progressive. Non‐idiopathic forms with an associated disease are called moyamoya‐like syndrome. The electroencephalographic finding characteristically seen after hyperventilation in about 50% of children with cerebrovascular disease includes gradual frequency decrease and activation of amplitude of slow waves which appear after the disappearance or attenuation of ordinary build up. This is termed the “re‐build up” phenomenon, which is rarely seen and therefore may be under‐recognized. We present video telemetry during a transient ischaemic event of a child subsequently diagnosed with moyamoya‐like syndrome. We highlight the potential for misdiagnosis of organic non‐epileptic events. Hyperventilation during EEG should be avoided in children with known moyamoya disease. [Published with video sequences]
Temporal lobe epilepsy: neuropathological and clinical correlations in 243 surgically treated patients
Authors: Tassi Laura , Meroni Alessandra , Deleo Francesco , Villani Flavio , Mai Roberto , Russo Giorgio Lo , Colombo Nadia , Avanzini Giuliano , Falcone Chiara , Bramerio Manuela , Citterio Alberto , Garbelli Rita , Spreafico Roberto 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe present study included analysis of data from 243 patients surgically treated for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). Resection was confined to the temporal lobe, with at least two years of follow‐up, and specimens sufficiently preserved to allow a precise evaluation of both lateral neocortex and hippocampus. The frequency of different types of lesion and hippocampal sclerosis (HS), isolated or associated with neocortical lesions, risk factors and surgical outcomes in relation to neuropathological findings were evaluated. We found tumours in 33% of patients, malformations of cortical development (MCD) in 45%, isolated HS in 14%, no lesion in 5% and less common lesions in 3%. HS was present in 8% of tumour cases and 70% of MCD. Statistical analysis of antecedents was significantly associated only with febrile seizures (FS). In MCD patients with no history of FS, a strong association between HS and duration of epilepsy was revealed. A Class I outcome was identified in 87% of cases with tumours and 79% in cases with MCD. In 93 patients the anti‐epileptic drug therapy was withdrawn. Our findings show that MCD, which is significantly associated with HS, is the most common lesion in TLE and support the concept that an optimal outcome is obtained when mesial and neocortical structures are removed. FS are particularly relevant in patients with focal cortical dysplasia and HS.
Partial seizures with affective semiology versus pavor nocturnus
Authors: Cornaggia Cesare Maria , Beghi Massimiliano , Giovannini Simona , Boni Antonella , Gobbi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSudden nocturnal events with an affective semiology may have various etiologies, such as nocturnal panic attacks, nightmares, pavor nocturnus and/or different types of focal epileptic seizures, particularly in children. We describe the case of a normally developed boy who, at the age of two years, experienced nocturnal paroxysmal events that occurred about one hour after falling asleep and lasted up to 15 minutes. The clinical picture was characterized by sudden arousal, fear, inconsolable crying and an apparently voluntary search for his mother. The state of consciousness was basically maintained, and the inter‐ictal EEG pattern showed independent bilateral centro‐temporal spikes and spike‐and‐wave complexes. The child had a family history of benign partial epilepsy of childhood with rolandic spikes, and the paroxysmal events remitted after valproic acid treatment. This case report highlights the difficulties in the differential diagnosis of panic attacks, nightmares, pavor nocturnus and focal nocturnal epileptic seizures, especially those arising from the temporal and frontal lobes. [Published with video sequences]
Mosaicism of a missenseSCN1Amutation and Dravet syndrome in a Roma/Gypsy family
Authors: Azmanov Dimitar N. , Zhelyazkova Sashka , Dimova Petya S. , Radionova Melania , Bojinova Veneta , Florez Laura , Smith Shelagh J. , Tournev Ivailo , Jablensky Assen , Mulley John , Scheffer Ingrid , Kalaydjieva Luba , Sander Josemir W. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSCN1Amutations account for a large proportion of Dravet syndrome patients, and are reported in other cases of epilepsy, such as some families with genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+). While most Dravet syndrome cases are caused byde novomutations, 5% inherit a mutation from a mildly affected or symptom‐free parent. Parental mosaicism has been identified, with documented cases involving truncating mutations or gene rearrangements. We describe a Roma/Gypsy family, where a missense mutation inSCN1A, p.D194N, is transmitted from a mosaic GEFS+ father to a child with Dravet syndrome. Mosaicism may be more common than assumed and should be considered regardless of the nature of the mutation.
Sleep spindle activity in double cortex syndrome: a case report
Authors: Sforza Emilia , Marcoz Jean‐Pierre , Foletti Giovanni 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTCortical dysgenesis is increasingly recognised as a cause of epilepsy. We report a case with double cortex heterotopia and secondarily generalized seizures with a generalised spike wave pattern. During the course of the disease, the child developed electrical status epilepticus in slow wave sleep. From the first examination, sleep pattern revealed increased frequency and amplitude of spindle activity, more evident in anterior areas. The role of the thalamocortical pathway in increased sleep spindle activity is discussed with emphasis on the possible role of altered thalamocortical pathways in abnormal cortical migration. A strong suspicion of cortical dysgenesis may therefore be based on specific EEG sleep patterns.
Study of cardiac autonomic function in drug‐naïve, newly diagnosed epilepsy patients
Authors: Mativo Peter , Anjum Javad , Pradhan Cauchy , Sathyaprabha Talakad N. , Raju Trichur R. , Satishchandra Parthasarathy 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundEpilepsy is associated with ictal autonomic dysfunction which may extend into the inter‐ictal period. Antiepileptic drugs have often been blamed for cardiac autonomic dysfunction in epilepsy patients. In this study we have investigated cardiac autonomic parameters in order to evaluate autonomic functions of drug‐naïve epilepsy patients.MethodTwenty drug‐naïve patients (15 males and 5 females) with epilepsy, and an equal number of age and gender matched controls, were evaluated for short‐term resting heart rate variability and conventional cardiovascular autonomic measurements.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 29.30 ± 9.80 yrs (17‐55 yrs), mean age at seizure onset was 19.70 ±9.15 yrs (3‐40 yrs) and mean length of time since last seizure was 5.60 ± 7.00 days (1‐30 days). While there was no difference in the resting heart rate or conventional autonomic test parameters, time domain heart rate variability measurements showed a decreased percentage of R‐R intervals of less than 50 ms and root mean square of R‐R intervals in patients, when compared to controls. Frequency domain parameters showed a decreased total power (patients: 1,796.58 ± 1,052.45 ms2; controls: 2,934.23 ± 1,767.06 ms2, p = 0.008). Parameters indicative of decreased vagal tone, i.e. decreased high frequency power and increased low to high frequency ratio (patients: 1.69 ± 0.94; controls: 1.14 ±0.64, p = 0.045), were observed among patients compared to controls.ConclusionSubtle but definite cardiac autonomic dysfunction, especially in vagal tone, was identified in drug‐naïve, new‐onset epilepsy patients. Seizures can cause long‐term and often progressive cardiac autonomic dysfunction which may be independent of concomitant antiepileptic drugs.
Type I focal cortical dysplasia: surgical outcome is related to histopathology
Authors: Tassi Laura , Garbelli Rita , Colombo Nadia , Bramerio Manuela , Russo Giorgio Lo , Deleo Francesco , Milesi Gloria , Spreafico Roberto 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPre‐surgical and post‐surgical data were examined and compared from 215 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for intractable epilepsy. Patients were selected on the basis of a proven histopathological diagnosis of type I focal cortical dysplasia (FCD I), alone or associated with other lesions. The patients were divided into five sub‐groups: i) 66 with isolated FCD I, ii) 76 with FCD I and hippocampal sclerosis, iii) 49 with FCD I and tumours, iv) 16 with FCD I and other malformations of cortical development and v) eight with FCD I and anoxic‐ischaemic or inflammatory diseases. The duration of epilepsy was greatest in patients with FCD I associated with hippocampal sclerosis, and those with isolated FCD I showed the highest seizure frequency at the time of surgery. Hippocampal sclerosis and tumours were the most frequent pathological lesions associated with FCD I in temporal lobe epilepsy. Febrile seizures significantly correlated with the presence of hippocampal sclerosis and FCD I. Isolated FCD I was observed in 31% of the patients, characterized by frequent seizures, negative magnetic resonance imaging, and frequent frontal or multilobar involvement. In comparison to patients with FCD I associated with hippocampal sclerosis, MCD or tumours, the patients with isolated FCD I had a worse post‐surgical outcome (46% in class I). Our findings indicate that there is a high incidence of FCD I associated with other apparently distinct pathologies, particularly those affecting the temporal lobe, and highlight the need for a comprehensive clinicopathological approach for the classification of FCD I.
Bathing epilepsy: a video case of an autonomic seizure
Authors: Jansen Katrien , Vervisch Jan , Lagae Lieven 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTA six‐year‐old Moroccan boy experienced nausea, paleness and oral automatisms after almost every shower. A clinical diagnosis of bathing epilepsy was assumed. A video‐EEG recording was taken during and after a shower and confirmed ictal high voltage repetitive slow waves over the left temporal lobe. Bathing epilepsy or water immersion epilepsy is a rare form of reflex epilepsy often presenting with autonomic seizures. The onset is usually in the first year of life and the evolution is benign. [Published with video sequences]
Refractory epilepsy is highly associated with severe dentoalveolar and maxillofacial injuries
Authors: Costa Andre Luiz F. , Yasuda Clarissa Lin , França Marcondes C. , Morita Marcia Elisabete , Cendes Fernando 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundDental intrusion and avulsion, crown fracture and mandibular fractures are important dentofacial complications in patients with epilepsy‐related traumas. The objective of the present study was to describe the occurrence of orofacial injuries in patients with epilepsy.Materials and methods. One hundred and nine consecutive patients (60 women; mean age 38.81 ± 14 years), treated for refractory epilepsy (45 with extratemporal epilepsy and 64 with temporal epilepsy) at the outpatient clinic of our University Hospital, were included in the present study. Orofacial injury occurring as a direct result of a seizure was determined by clinical examination and interview. In addition, seizure frequency, use of medication, and the occurrence and type of injury to other parts of the body, were documented. We employed regression analyses to investigate the association between teeth fractures and frequency of seizures.ResultsThe majority of injuries were crown fractures (42 subjects), followed by mandibular fractures (eight subjects) and tooth avulsion (eight subjects). Sixteen patients had more than two fractured teeth. Patients with mandibular trauma also suffered concomitant injuries (teeth fracture, avulsion and dislocation). The number of fractured teeth was associated with seizure frequency (r2 = 0.59, p <0.001). The data suggest that there is an increased rate of dentoalveolar and maxillofacial injuries in patients with poorly controlled epileptic seizures.
Tonic status and electrodecremental paroxysms in an adult without epilepsy
Authors: Ostrow Lyle W. , Kaplan Peter W. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTElectrodecremental status epilepticus is classically described in infants and children with severe refractory epilepsy, mental retardation, and structural brain abnormalities. We describe a 24‐year‐old woman who presented to the emergency department with prolonged tonic status epilepticus which evolved into stimulus‐induced diffuse voltage attenuation (SIDVA) pattern in the setting of aseptic meningoencephalitis. There was no history of seizures or further events after recovery. This is the first report of a SIDVA pattern in an adult without a history of epilepsy.