bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Properties of Fiber Metal Laminate Used in Aircraft Wing by Using Epoxy-Novolac
Authors: Kadhum Ahmed Mohammad , Faris Saad Theeyab , Al-katawy Ali Adwan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to reduce weight and to improve the mechanical properties of aircraft wing by using fiber metal laminates (FMLs). They are layered materials based on stacked arrangements of aluminum alloy layers and fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) layers. They have benefits over both aluminum and fiber reinforced composites. In this study, seven layers consist of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy reinforced by carbon and glass fibers bonded using blend of epoxy-novolac as adhesion, were used to produce the Carbon Glass Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (CAGRALLs) as FMLs. The mechanical properties (tensile, flexural, impact and fatigue) of CAGRALLs are experimentally investigated. The results revealed that CAGRALLs give good mechanical properties because of increasing in tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, elongation at fracture, flexural modulus and impact toughness except flexural strength comparing than Carbon with Glass Reinforced Aluminum (CACAGRALLs) and Carbon with Jute Reinforced Aluminum (CAJURALLs) using epoxy. The increasing in layers led to weaken adhesion between layers of FMLs that led to decrease almost mechanical properties. The fabricated CAGRALLs showed higher fatigue strength than Aramid Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (ARALL) and lower density than aluminum alloy 2024-T3 and steel that used in manufacturing of aircraft wing.
Experimental study of flat plate solar collector performance with twisted heat pipe
Authors: Merzha Basil N. , Majeed Majid H. , Saleh Fouad A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this work, a system of heat pipe is implemented to improve the performance of flat plate solar collector. The experiment rig consists of sun light simulator, flat plate, heat pipe (wickless), heat exchanger, and measurement instruments. The model is represented by twisting portion of the evaporator section and also inclined by an angle of 30° with a constant total length of 1140 mm. In this model the evaporator, adiabatic and condenser lengths are 780mm, 140mm and 230mm respectively. The omitted energies from sun light simulator are 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 W/m2 which is close to the normal solar energy in Iraq. The working fluid for all models is water with fill charge ratio of 30% and the efficiency of the solar collector is investigated with three values of condenser inlet water temperatures, namely (12, 16 and 20° C). The experimental result showed an optimum volume flow rate of cooling water in condenser at which the efficiency of collector is a maximum. This optimum agree well with the ASHRA standard volume of flow rate for conventional tasting for flat plate solar collector. When the radiation incident increases the thermal resistance of thermosyphon is decreases, where the heat transfer from the evaporator to condenser increases. The experimental results showed the performance of solar collector with twisted evaporator greater than other types of evaporator as a ratio 13.5 %.
Effect of micro-channel technique on solar collector performance
Authors: Jalil Jalal M. , Abdulkadhim Nashwan A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The use of the micro-channel technique is available in many applications, but its applications in the solar collectors are very few, so this research makes a clear contribution in this field. The heat transfer to the flowing air is improved by using micro-channel technique. Numerical and experimental of the impact of micro-channel technique on solar air collector performance is investigated. Navier Stokes and energy equations is solved by using 3D forced convection laminar model inside rectangular micro-channels of absorber plate in solar air collector. The numerical calculations are extended to analyze the performance of a solar air collector by using micro-channel absorber plate. Experimentally, an absorber plate was manufactured from Aluminum metal with 30 rectangular micro-channels (length 0.9, width 0.004, height 0.0008 m) is constructed with measurements facilities of velocity, temperature, and differential pressure to achieve the experimental results. The tests are carried out indoor utilizing a solar simulator. Validation is achieved by using comparing the numerical results with experimental outcomes and a good agreement is executed among them, it is approximately (3-4%). Both factors air flow rate and solar irradiance have been studied as one of the essential factors in solar collectors. The numerical and experimental parameters studied are air flow of 0.0019, 0.0029, 0.0044 and 0.0053 kg/s and irradiance of 200, 400, 600 and 800 W/m2. The performance was investigated by measuring outlet air temperature. The micro-channel absorber shows good performance, the maximum outlet air temperature reaches 72.5°C.
Formability of Laser Welding Plates of Dissimilar Materials
Authors: Abd alwahed Zahraa Thamer , Jadee Khudhayer J. , Ameen Hani Aziz 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Hydraulic deformation is a procedure utilized for forming sheet by applying the pressure driven pressurized fluid on the sheet. This procedure is described by its capacity to give homogenous strain distribution along the blank with high mechanical properties. The analysis of the sample deformation process has performed by using circular welded plate by laser technique of dissimilar steel plate (SS304-St1008) with thickness 1mm using profile radius for lower die 2 mm under the effect of blank holder force 10 kN. The metal thickness checked and the SEM test investigated for the formability product of laser welded plate. Discoveries show that by and large better mechanical characteristics, for example, formability, tensile and yield strength of welded joints can be achieved by using laser welding and the blank deformation becomes uniform with the hydraulic force. It is useful to avoid thinning of the blank with suitable friction coefficient between the die and the blank. Based on the experimental results of dissimilar metal, it found, that the joint weld strength parts, was lesser than the base strength, so the fracture is occur on the base metal. The SEM investigation indicated that the joining process between the SS304 and St1008 was occurred by heating due to laser on the other hand the depth of the interface between the joint materials had the range of 3-5 µm. The EDS examination indicated that the interface zone of the jointed contained Cr, Ni, C and Fe, the left side is SS304 passing through the region zone and ending with St1008, the ratio of Fe increased and the other elements decreased.
Wideband Square Sierpinski Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna for Various Wireless Applications
Authors: Aboud Kadhim Mohammed , Mosleh M F , Shandal S A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a square Sierpinski fractal microstrip patch antenna over a rectangular-shaped partial ground plane is introduced. A self-similar property of fractal geometry is used based on the iteration algorithm that reaches up to four iterations. It is simulated by High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software package version.14. A square slot is used to enhance antenna performance such as bandwidth and reflection coefficient S11. This antenna has been designed on an FR4 substrate with a compact size of (34×34) mm2, 1.5mm substrate thickness h, a permittivity of 4.3 and 0.02 loss tangent. Microstrip line feed is implemented to excite the proposed antenna. This antenna is designed for wide bandwidth (2.7-5.7) GHz, and it has two resonant frequencies at 3.2GHz and 4.8GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 3GHz. Four parameters are optimized in order to achieve wider bandwidth such as length of ground Lg
, the width of feed line Wf
, square slot area, and feed point position X. Also, the surface current distribution at various frequencies is presented. Simulation results indicate a good reflection coefficient S11 values equal to -17.7 dB and -43.1dB at two resonant frequencies (3.2, 4.8) GHz and radiation efficiency about 75% with a peak gain of 3.72dB. This antenna is suitable for various wireless applications such as S-band applications like radar and some communication satellite such as (wireless LAN, Bluetooth, GPS, microwave devices/communications and mobile phone), also it can be used in the lower portion of C-band.
Secure and efficient image retrieval based on global features
Authors: Yaseen Aqeel A , Sabri Murtad Hussein , Hussain Haitham Ali 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A few years ago, an image retrieval needs have been increased enormously. Therefore, a need for an efficiency and accurate image retrieval scheme has become desired accordingly. In fact, the images require high storage space; for this reason, cloud computing considers the best selective to outsource images. Many outsourcing images to the cloud server such as medical, police investigation, and personal images that require to encrypt before being outsourced to the cloud servers. However, in this paper a robust scheme has been presented which provides Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) over the encrypted images without declassing the important information to the cloud server side. Additionally, the information is exchanging in the strong secure manner among entities. The proposed scheme consists of two phases: setup phase and retrieve phase. The first phase based on build secure dictionary based on global features (intensity of histogram) and images decryption while the second phase utilizes secure query to retrieve the queried image. This scheme is a robust to measure the Euclidean Distance similarity between two queries without decryption. The security and efficiency of the proposed scheme are proofed by security analysis and experiments.
Deformation Detection and Classification system for Car parts Products Using Image Processing Algorithms
Authors: AL-Yoonus Murthad , Yaseen Aqeel Adel , Al-Dabagh Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sensitive products deformation marking, and detection projects are becoming more interests in quality control management and widely used in automated industrial sensitive products production. The manual inspection by the workers for the sensitive industrial products is still taking long time and is not accurate and supportive enough for high quality control, automated deformations marking and detection by using image processing algorithms can increase highly the accuracy of detection for the defects in the products. In this paper, automated deformation detection and classification system based on some steps of image processing. Decision-making is made based on the percentage of deformations detection that aids for accept or reject the final car part product shape before deliver to users. In this work, the results were accurate to detecting the mismatching in industrial products for many cases. Automated deformations detections aid for better decision making to accepting or rejecting the products.
Selective branch prediction schemes based on FPGA MIPS processor for educational purposes
Authors: Mahmood H S , Omran S S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Processor performance is measured by amount of ILP (Instruction Level Parallelism) represented by its design. this parallelism is limited by the execution of conditional branch instructions which may break the flow of the program execution. To overcome this problem, several ways were suggested in order to predict both the direction of instructions execution and the address of the instruction to be executed next. In this paper, a design for a dynamic branch predictor was implemented in VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) then it was integrated with FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) MIPS (Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipelined Stages) processor and its ability to increase prediction accuracy and MIPS processor performance was approved. This predictor combines gshare and bimodal branch prediction techniques by dividing the PHT (Pattern History Table) into two branch streams corresponding to taken and not-taken states. This combined branch predictor was synthesized using the XILINX ISE (Integrated Software Environment) Design Suite 14.7 tool.
Thermal Analysis of a Three-Phase Induction Motor with Frame Design Considerations
Authors: Abdullah Afrah Thamer , Ali Amer Majbel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The present work investigates the temperature distribution inside different parts of a three-phase induction motor when motor frame dimensions (fins thickness, fins height, fins spacing) were changed, and when frame material is changed from cast iron to cast aluminum. A 2.2 kW, 2 poles, insulation class F, totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC), squirrel cage, three-phase induction motor is modeled according to its design documents and it is analyzed by a thermal network method (TNM) based on Motor-CAD software. The results show the motor temperatures are in direct proportional with fins thickness, fins spacing, and in inverse proportional with fins height. In addition, the motor temperature will decrease when using the cast aluminum frame. The results were verified by finite element method (FEM) results obtained based on Flux2D software with a good agreement. This work will help the induction motor designer in prediction the thermal state of induction motor when modifying the frame, without needing manufacturing and testing expensive prototype motor.
An Android smart application for an Arduino based local meteorological data recording
Authors: Hasan Ihsan Jabbar , Salih Nahla Abdul Jalil , Abdulkhaleq Nadhir Ibrahim , Mnati Mohannad Jabbar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Meteorological conditions could be with high importance for many applications. Even this information is available in many media resources, but they are not measured for a certain position. In this paper, authors present design for a private weather station that can be established in any place. The design mainly based on a group of sensors used for supplying the information of temperature, humidity, and air speed. An Arduino Uno microcontroller is utilized to process the incoming sensing data and send them via wireless Bluetooth module to mobile phones. The mobile phones are equipped with an Android smart application to display this data. This low-cost design offers an online weather information for any local projects that need such data.
Generating High Voltage DC with Cockcroft-Walton Voltage Multiplier for Testing Locally Assemble Electric Field Sensor
Authors: Al-Mamoori Dalya H. , Neda Omar Muhammed , Al-Tameemi Zaid H. , Alobaidi Ali Assim , Aljanabi Mohanad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the construction of a high voltage DC generator using single-phase transformer and Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier. The aim is to simulate high voltage DC for simulating electric field produced before a lightning strike near the ground. Lower AC voltage is step up to high AC voltage using a neon transformer. The AC voltage is then converted into high DC voltage using variable stages of Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier. The generator HVDC is connected to the adjustable parallel plate to ground. Variable stages of Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier produce high voltage magnitude proportional to each stage of it. The electric field generated from high voltage DC can also be varied depending on the distance between DC output plate and ground. The application of high voltage DC in generating electric field useful in testing locally assembled Electric Field Sensor.
Design and Implementation A Smart Monitoring and Controlling System of Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverter Based on LoRa
Authors: Mnati Mohannad Jabbar , Hasan Aktham , Ali Adnan Hussein , Bozalakov Dimitar V. , Van den Bossche Alex 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a new smart monitor and control system has been designed for injected power application to grid from a three-phase photovoltaic inverter (a smart monitor and control system (SMCS)). The system consists two main units. Firstly, the control system unit: this unit connects directly to the inverter to measure the output voltage of three-phase photovoltaic inverter and the control circuit, It can turn the inverter ‘on’ or ‘off’ from a long distance. Secondly, the monitoring unit: this unit is designed to monitor the states of the photovoltaic inverter system from long distances. It has two monitoring options OLED and a smartphone monitoring application. LoRa technique (long range) used to send and receive data between controllers system and monitoring system. LoRa is a new type of wireless communication technology within the Internet of Things (IoT). The SMCS application has been designed by using open source software “MIT App Inventor 2”; this application is used to sends and receives the data from a control unit by using Bluetooth as a wireless communication in order to monitor and control the whole system. The main advantage of the SMCS that it can monitor and control three-phase photovoltaic inverters that have been installed in remote and rural areas.
Security Technology for Realistic Measurements with a Distinction on the Speech Recognition in Arabic and English Language Using LMS, Spectral subtraction and A/D Conversions Techniques
Authors: Hasan Ismail Abduljabbar , Ahmed Muhanad A. , Dawood Hassan Hayder 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The new human sound recognition technology is obtained by using an algorithm which filters and separates frequencies from each human speech and makes recognitions on an individual speech and then can enter to the system using digital codes for username and again voice recognition until the system allows the real voice. This technique is superior to the means of using the eye-print and fingerprint for the possibility of the presence of diabetes in that person or the eye injury to a disease and thus blocks the system.
Highly Accurate Water Level Measurement System Using a Microcontroller and an Ultrasonic Sensor
Authors: Mohammed Saleem Latteef , Al-Naji Ali , Farjo Mashael M. , Chahl Javaan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In many conditions, the conventional liquid data monitoring based on an ultrasonic sensor provides the unreliable readings due to the dynamically changed water level. In addition, in some conditions, it needs not only measuring water level but also needs to measure the volume and control water surplus or deficiency. To solve these issues, this paper proposes an accurate non-contact water measurement system based on a microcontroller and an ultrasonic sensor to measure the level and volume of liquids in small tanks without any contact. The proposed system also provides automatically controlling the water level with an alarm system to provide early warning of water surplus or deficiency. Microcontroller PIC16F877A is used to drive the sensor circuit and measure the time change of the reflected echoes from the water surface received by the ultrasonic (PING) sensor that correspond to the changes in the water level. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed system to measure the level and volume of water over 30 cm range with small error rates (SSE = 0.033 cm, RMSE = 0.034 cm and MAE = 0.029 cm for level measurement and SSE = 0.025 liter, RMSE = 0.026 liter and MAE = 0.021 liter for volume measurement) and excellent correlation coefficients (SCC = 0.9997 and KCC = 0.9951), thus provide accurate results for continuous measurement of the water level and volume in industrial applications.
Estimating the consuming resources of IEEE 802.16e cell in case of video conference application
Authors: Alsharbaty F S , Ali O M , Sheet Y S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
IEEE 802.16e is a WiMAX standard which mixes between broadband and wireless. It is based on OFDMA and provides large capacity as compared with other standards that support previous technologies. One of IEEE 802.16e features is to provide quality of service (QoS) as service classes. However, real time applications are a real challenge for systems capacity due to consume heavy data rate such as video conference application. The service classes of 802.16e standard are depended on minimum reserved traffic rate to submit the service. This paper estimates the consuming resources of 802.16e cell during providing video conference service taking into account the minimum reserved traffic rate of service classes related to real time applications and other factors.
Design and Simulation of the Fourier Transform Beam Propagation Method in Different Optical Waveguides
Authors: Lateef Zina Abdul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Fundamentals of optical waveguides is a needed resource for any researcher, concerned in optics and communications engineering. Interested by designing or actively running with optical gadgets have to have a company hold close of the standards of light wave propagation. This paper presents an FFT Beam Propagation Method Models for optical waveguides. The technique is based on the use of the Propagation of a Gaussian pulse by a waveguide with a rectangular, triangular optical waveguides and free space the cases of straight and bent optical waveguides are successively considered.
Effect of nanoparticles on thermal conductivity of epoxy resin system
Authors: Majeed Noor Sabeeh , Salih Shaymaa Mahdi , Abdulmajeed Basma Abbas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper the effect of mixing TiO2 nanoparticles with epoxy resin is studied. The TiO2 nanoparticles would be synthesis and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD FTIR, for two particle sizes of 50 and 25 nm. The thermal conductivity is measured with and without composite epoxy resin; the results showed that the thermal conductivity was increased as nanoparticle concentration increased too. The thermal conductivity was increased as particle size decreased.
Optimization of Continuous Electro-Fenton and Photo electro-Fenton Processes to Treat Iraqi Oilfield Produced Water Using Surface Response Methodology
Authors: Al-Khafaji Rand Q. , Mohammed Abdul Halim A-K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Considerable amounts of produced water (PW) is usually accompanied with the production of oil. Most countries with oilfields are generally water stressed countries. This study proposed electro-Fenton (EF) as alternative for the degradation of organic pollutants in PW. Continuous electro-Fenton processes was investigated using dimensionally stable anode Ti-RuO2/IrO2 and activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF) cathode. The effect of crucial process variables, namely, initial ferrous ions concentration (0.1-0.5 mM), current intensity (100-500 mA), and residence time (22-81 minutes) on the removal efficiency of COD was studied using contour and response surface plots. The experimental results were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Multiple response optimization for continuous EF experiments reveals that at optimum conditions (initial ferrous ion concentration of 0.306 mM, current intensity of 156.6 mA, and residence time of 81.0 min) the COD removal efficiency was 73.33% and electrical energy consumption was 0.901 kWh/kg COD. Improvement of continuous EF process was investigated using UVA irradiation (Photoelectron-Fenton). It was found that COD removal efficiency for continuous EF was increased to 81.1% and 86.0% when using one and two UVA lamps (3 Watt each) respectively. It is concluded that EF is an effective process for treating produced water and further improvement can be achieved by photo assisting the process.