bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of physicochemical factors on bacterial attachment in textile fibrous media
Authors: Roy Sukumar , Ghosh Subrata , Bhowmick Niranjan , Roy Choudhury Pradip K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne of the possible approaches to remove thePseudomonasbacteria from surface water by using textile fibrous media has been studied in this article. The attachment ofPseudomonasbacteria inside textile fibrous media was studied using laboratory column experiment which led to the understanding of the physiochemical interaction between textile surface and the bacteria. Colloid‐filtration theory was used to investigate the effects of various physicochemical factors like pH, ionic strength (M) and mass (g) of the porous media on bacterial attachment. The quantitative assessment of bacterial attachment on the textile surface media was carried out by determining the collision efficiency. The physicochemical factors mentioned above were optimized to obtain maximum collision efficiency so as to achieve maximum bacterial attachment on the textile media surface. Bacterial attachment is found to be directly related to the ionic strength of the suspending medium and the mass of the textile media. A significant improvement in collision efficiency is observed when the ionic strength of the suspended medium is increased. Maximum collision efficiency is achieved at high level of ionic strength and medium level of pH with high level of mass of the textile media.
The Comparison of Aerodynamic Performance Data Acquired From Thermal Measurements and a Torquemeter on a Compressor Impeller
Authors: Smith Natalie R. , Allison Timothy C. , Wilkes Jason C. , Clarke Christopher , Cave Michael 
Published: October 2018

Full-thermal heat-soak of machinery is vital for acquiring accurate aerodynamic performance data, but this process often requires significant testing time to allow all facility components to reach a steady-state temperature. Even still, there is the potential for heat loss in a well-insulated facility, and this can lead to inaccurate results. The implementation of a torquemeter to calculate performance metrics, such as isentropic efficiency, has two potential advantages: (1) the method is not susceptible to effects due to thermal heat loss in the facility, and (2) a torquemeter directly measures actual torque, and thus work, input, which eliminates the need to fully heat-soak to measure the actual enthalpy rise of the gas. This paper presents a comparison of aerodynamic performance metrics calculated both from data acquired with thermal measurements as well as from a torquemeter.
These tests were conducted over five speedlines for a shrouded impeller in the Southwest Research Institute Single Stage Test Rig facility. Isentropic efficiency calculated from the torquemeter was approximately 1–2 efficiency points lower than the isentropic efficiency based on thermal measurements. This corresponds to approximately 0.5–1 °C in heat loss in the discharge collector and piping. Furthermore, observations from three full-thermal heat-soak points indicate the significant difference in time required to reach steady-state performance within measurement uncertainty tolerances between the torque-based and thermal-based methods. This comparison, while largely suspected, has not yet been studied in previous publications.
First-principles investigation of activity and solubility of Si in Mo solid solution
Authors: Sun S. P. , Zhu J. L. , Gu S. , Wang H. J. , Jiang Y. , Yi D. Q. 
Published: October 2018

The activity and solubility of Si in Mo solid solution were studied by the first-principles calculations and quasi-harmonic approximation. The lattice constants, bulk modulus, and formation enthalpies of Mo-Si intermetallics were investigated, and the thermodynamic properties of Mo were also calculated. The Si activity coefficient [Formula: see text] is approximately 10[Formula: see text] at 100 K, while it increases by about 15 orders of magnitude over the investigated temperature range (100–2000 K). It is clear that Si activity coefficient in Mo solid solution increased rapidly with the increasing temperature, which should be ascribed to the Si–Mo interaction being evidently stronger than Mo–Mo interaction. According to the calculated thermodynamic properties, the solubility curve of Si in Mo solid solution was also predicted. The solubility limit of Si in Mo solid solution is [Formula: see text]5.5 at.%, which agrees well with the other experiment and assessed results.
ACM SIGAI activity report
Authors: Koenig Sven , Das Sanmay , Paradis Rosemary , Dickerson John , Gil Yolanda , Guo Katherine , Kuipers Benjamin , Ma Hang , Mattei Nicholas , McGovern Amy , Medsker Larry , Neller Todd , Petrov Plamen , Rovatsos Michael , Stork David G. 
Published: October 2018

We are happy to present the annual activity report of ACM SIGAI, covering the period from July 2017 to June 2018.
The scope of ACM SIGAI consists of the study of intelligence and its realization in computer systems (see also our website at sigai.acm.org). This includes areas such as
autonomous agents, cognitive modeling, computer vision, constraint programming, human language technologies, intelligent user interfaces, knowledge discovery, knowledge representation and reasoning, machine learning, planning and search, problem solving, and robotics.
Our members come from academia, industry, and government agencies worldwide. We are thrilled to be able to report that our membership numbers increased by about 10 percent over the past year!
The terms of three of our officers (one of the two education activities officers, one of the two newsletter co-editors in chief, and the information officer) came to an end. We thank them for their valuable service and have now started to provide certificates of appreciation for outgoing officers. We appointed a new information officer and are currently looking for a new newsletter co-editor in chief and additional column editors. We also created and filled two new officer positions to be able to serve our members even better, namely an AI and society officer and a labor market officer.
A Novel Germline Variant in CSF3R Reduces N-Glycosylation and Exerts Potent Oncogenic Effects in Leukemia
Authors: Spiciarich David R. , Oh Stephen T. , Foley Amy , Hughes Seamus B. , Mauro Michael J. , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Press Richard D. , Viner Rosa , Thompson Sarah L. , Chen Qiushi , Azadi Parastoo , Bertozzi Carolyn R. , Maxson Julia E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Mutations in the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) have been identified in the vast majority of patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia and are present in other kinds of leukemia, such as acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we studied the function of novel germline variants in CSF3R at amino acid N610. These N610 substitutions were potently oncogenic and activated the receptor independently of its ligand GCSF. These mutations activated the JAK–STAT signaling pathway and conferred sensitivity to JAK inhibitors. Mass spectrometry revealed that the N610 residue is part of a consensus N-linked glycosylation motif in the receptor, usually linked to complex glycans. N610 was also the primary site of sialylation of the receptor. Membrane-proximal N-linked glycosylation was critical for maintaining the ligand dependence of the receptor. Mutation of the N610 site prevented membrane-proximal N-glycosylation of CSF3R, which then drove ligand-independent cellular expansion. Kinase inhibitors blocked growth of cells with an N610 mutation. This study expands the repertoire of oncogenic mutations in CSF3R that are therapeutically targetable and provides insight into the function of glycans in receptor regulation.

Significance:
This study reveals the critical importance of membrane-proximal N-linked glycosylation of CSF3R for the maintenance of ligand dependency in leukemia
Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA and Clinical Correlates in Patients with Esophageal, Gastroesophageal Junction, and Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kato Shumei , Okamura Ryosuke , Baumgartner Joel M. , Patel Hitendra , Leichman Lawrence , Kelly Kaitlyn , Sicklick Jason K. , Fanta Paul T. , Lippman Scott M. , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Esophageal, gastroesophageal junction, and gastric adenocarcinoma (herein gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas) are associated with poor prognosis and limited systemic treatment options. To further understand the genomic landscape of gastroesophageal cancers and its clinical correlations, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients’ plasma was evaluated using next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Experimental Design:
We analyzed genomic alterations of 55 patients (mostly advanced disease; 9, surgically resectable) with gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas using clinical-grade NGS performed on plasma-derived ctDNA (54–73 gene panel). The test detects single-nucleotide variants, as well as copy number amplifications, fusions, and indels in selected genes.

Results:
Seventy-six percent of patients (42/55) had ≥1 genomic alteration [including variants of unknown significance (VUS)] and 69.1% (38/55) had ≥1 characterized alteration (excluding VUSs). The median number of alterations per patient was 2 (range, 0–15). TP53 (50.9%, 28/55), PIK3CA (16.4%, 9/55), ERBB2 (14.5%, 8/55), and KRAS (14.5%, 8/55) genes were most frequently affected characterized alterations. Thirty-one patients also had tissue NGS. Concordance between tissue and ctDNA ranged from 61.3% (TP53 alterations) to 87.1% (KRAS alterations). ERBB2 alterations were significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR, 14.06; 95% confidence interval, 2.44–81.03; P = 0.003 multivariate analysis). Among patients with ≥1 alteration, no 2 patients had identical molecular portfolios. All patients with ≥1 characterized alteration had theoretically targetable alterations by an FDA-approved agent (on- or off-label). Illustrative case treated with cognate agent is presented.

Conclusions:
Evaluation of ctDNA by NGS among patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma is feasible. Patients harbored heterogeneous patterns of genomics, with most having alterations that are potentially pharmacologically tractable.
Fractional Flow Reserve and Quality-of-Life Improvement After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Nishi Takeshi , Piroth Zsolt , De Bruyne Bernard , Jagic Nikola , Möbius-Winkler Sven , Kobayashi Yuhei , Derimay François , Fournier Stephane , Barbato Emanuele , Tonino Pim , Jüni Peter , Pijls Nico H.J. , Fearon William F. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Whether the benefit in quality of life (QOL) after percutaneous coronary intervention depends on the severity of the stenosis as determined by fractional flow reserve (FFR) remains unknown. This study sought to investigate the relationship between FFR values and improvement in QOL.

Methods:
From the FAME 1 and 2 trials (Fractional Flow Reserve Versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation), we identified 706 stable patients with coronary artery disease who had at least 1 lesion with an FFR≤0.80 that was treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and 185 patients with coronary artery disease who had no lesion with an FFR≤0.80 and were treated medically who served as a reference group. QOL was assessed by the European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions index at baseline, 1 month, and 1 year. We assessed the relationship between QOL improvement (defined as the change in European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions index from baseline) and FFR as a continuous value and according to abnormal FFR tertile.

Results:

QOL improved significantly after percutaneous coronary intervention in each abnormal FFR tertile, whereas it did not change in the reference group. The lowest abnormal FFR subgroup had the greatest improvement in QOL at 1 month (
P
<0.001). In mixed-effects models for repeated measures, lower FFR (
P
=0.002 for 1 month and 0.049 for 1 year), greater delta FFR (
P
=0.021 for 1 month and 0.025 for 1 year), and higher angina class (
P
=0.001 for 1 month and <0.001 for 1 year) were associated with the greatest magnitude of QOL improvement at both 1 month and 1 year.

Conclusions:
Among patients with stable coronary artery disease, FFR and angina severity predict QOL improvement after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT00267774 and NCT01132495.
Modernized Classification of Cardiac Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Authors: Lei Ming , Wu Lin , Terrar Derek A. , Huang Christopher L.-H. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Among his major cardiac electrophysiological contributions, Miles Vaughan Williams (1918–2016) provided a classification of antiarrhythmic drugs that remains central to their clinical use.

Methods:
We survey implications of subsequent discoveries concerning sarcolemmal, sarcoplasmic reticular, and cytosolic biomolecules, developing an expanded but pragmatic classification that encompasses approved and potential antiarrhythmic drugs on this centenary of his birth.

Results:

We first consider the range of pharmacological targets, tracking these through to cellular electrophysiological effects. We retain the original Vaughan Williams Classes I through IV but subcategorize these divisions in light of more recent developments, including the existence of Na
+
current components (for Class I), advances in autonomic (often G protein–mediated) signaling (for Class II), K
+
channel subspecies (for Class III), and novel molecular targets related to Ca
2+
homeostasis (for Class IV). We introduce new classes based on additional targets, including channels involved in automaticity, mechanically sensitive ion channels, connexins controlling electrotonic cell coupling, and molecules underlying longer-term signaling processes affecting structural remodeling. Inclusion of this widened range of targets and their physiological sequelae provides a framework for a modernized classification of established antiarrhythmic drugs based on their pharmacological targets. The revised classification allows for the existence of multiple drug targets/actions and for adverse, sometimes actually proarrhythmic, effects. The new scheme also aids classification of novel drugs under investigation.

Conclusions:
We emerge with a modernized classification preserving the simplicity of the original Vaughan Williams framework while aiding our understanding and clinical management of cardiac arrhythmic events and facilitating future developments in this area.
Mesoscale Circulations and Organized Convection in African Easterly Waves
Authors: Tomassini Lorenzo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Global convection-permitting model simulations and remote sensing observations are used to investigate the interaction between organized convection, both moist and dry, and the atmospheric circulation in the case of an African easterly wave (AEW). The wave disturbance is associated with a quadrupole structure of divergence, with two convergence centers slightly ahead of the trough. Moisture transport from southeast of the trough to the area in front and lower midtropospheric moisture convergence precondition and organize convection. The main inflow into the squall-line cluster is from behind. The moisture-abundant inflow collides at the low level with monsoon air with high moist static energy and establishes a frontal line of updrafts at the leading edge of the propagating mesoscale convective system. A mantle of moisture surrounds the convective core. A potential vorticity budget analysis reveals that convective latent heating is driving the evolution of the wave but not in a quasi-steady way. The wave propagation includes a succession of convective bursts and subsequent dynamic adjustment processes. Dry convection associated with the Saharan air layer (SAL) and SAL intrusions into the wave trough together with vorticity advection can play a role in intensifying AEWs dynamically as they move from the West African coast across the Atlantic Ocean. Our analysis demonstrates that the synoptic-scale wave and convection are interlinked through mesoscale circulations on a continuum of scales. This implies that the relation between organized convection and the atmospheric circulation is intrinsically dynamic, which poses a particular challenge to subgrid convection parameterizations in numerical models.
A Statistical Assessment of Southern Hemisphere Tropical Cyclone Tracks in Climate Models
Authors: Ramsay Hamish A. , Chand Savin S. , Camargo Suzana J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReliable projections of future changes in tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics are highly dependent on the ability of global climate models (GCMs) to simulate the observed characteristics of TCs (i.e., their frequency, genesis locations, movement, and intensity). Here, we investigate the performance of a suite of GCMs from the U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on Hurricanes in simulating observed climatological features of TCs in the Southern Hemisphere. A subset of these GCMs is also explored under three idealized warming scenarios. Two types of simulated TC tracks are evaluated on the basis of a commonly applied cluster analysis: 1) explicitly simulated tracks, and 2) downscaled tracks, derived from a statistical–dynamical technique that depends on the models’ large-scale environmental fields. Climatological TC properties such as genesis locations, annual frequency, lifetime maximum intensity (LMI), and seasonality are evaluated for both track types. Future changes to annual frequency, LMI, and the latitude of LMI are evaluated using the downscaled tracks where large sample sizes allow for statistically robust results. An ensemble approach is used to assess future changes of explicit tracks owing to their small number of realizations. We show that the downscaled tracks generally outperform the explicit tracks in relation to many of the climatological features of Southern Hemisphere TCs, despite a few notable biases. Future changes to the frequency and intensity of TCs in the downscaled simulations are found to be highly dependent on the warming scenario and model, with the most robust result being an increase in the LMI under a uniform 2°C surface warming.
Effect of electrosurgery in the operating room on surgeons’ blood indices: a simulation model and experiment on rabbits
Authors: Hui Yu , Yan Jin 
Published: October 2018

Objective This study aimed to examine the content of surgical smoke in the operating room, and the health effects of exposure to surgical smoke on surgeons. Methods We measured the content of surgical smoke in the operating room. The effect of exposure to surgical smoke on surgeons was examined using rabbits. Surgical smoke distribution was simulated to study the route of spread of surgical smoke. The effect of an evacuator was also evaluated. Results In the operating room during electrosurgery, there was a high-content zone of surgical smoke (1.5 × 10−2%, carbon monoxide; 3.0 × 10−2%, carbon dioxide). In rabbit experiments, all groups that were exposed to surgical smoke showed significantly higher carboxyhemoglobin levels than did controls. Exposure to a high content of surgical smoke had a greater effect on blood indices than working continuously in the operating room. Conclusions During electro-laparotomy, carbon monoxide in the high-content and low-content zones is higher than the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s limit. Carboxyhemoglobin levels may be > 10% with continuous operations over a week in the high-content zone in the operating room. Even with an evacuator, surgeons’ blood indices can still be affected by surgical smoke.
Couette shearing device for the investigation of shear-induced damage of the primary hemostasis by left ventricular assist devices
Authors: Lommel Michael Achim , Goubergrits Leonid , Affeld Klaus , Kertzscher Ulrich 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices have evolved from short-time therapy into permanent or so-called destination therapy. One complication in long-term usage is bleeding, which is presumably attributed to shear-induced interference of left ventricular assist devices with the coagulation system. Methods: The influence of dynamic shear stresses on primary hemostasis by single or multiple passes through left ventricular assist devices was investigated. A novel Couette-type shearing device, especially fitted to simulate left ventricular assist devices with highly dynamic and repetitive stresses, was developed. To evaluate the clotting ability of the blood and thus the bleeding tendency, the closure time of the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100®, Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany) was used. The relationship of the PFA-100 closure time was fitted to measurement points with shear stress and exposure time as parameters. Results: 76 samples of human blood collected from four different healthy donors in sodium-citrate anticoagulant solution were tested, including 20 control samples. A damage model according to the power law approach could be developed. A linear correlation of shear stress and exposure time to the PFA-100 closure time could be determined. In addition, a model was developed to calculate the increase in the PFA closure time on the basis of shear stress over time curves. Discussion: With the shearing device, half-sine-wave-shaped shear stress patterns relevant to rotary blood pumps can be achieved with very good repeatability. The proposed damage model could be used to compare and optimize left ventricular assist devices under development. The tests showed a significant decrease in coagulability after only a few repetitions.
Possible Implications for Bundled Payment Models of Comorbidities and Complications as Drivers of Cost in Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Cunningham Daniel , Karas Vasili , DeOrio James K. , Nunley James A. , Easley Mark E. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: October 2018

Background: The Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model provides bundled payments for in-hospital and 90-day postdischarge care of patients undergoing total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Defining patient factors associated with increased costs during TAA could help identify modifiable preoperative patient factors that could be addressed prior to the patient entering the bundle, as well as determine targets for cost reduction in postoperative care. Methods: This study is part of an institutional review board–approved single-center observational study of patients undergoing TAA from January 1, 2012, to December 15, 2016. Patients were included if they met CJR criteria for inclusion into the bundled payment model. All Medicare payments beginning at the index procedure through 90 days postoperatively were identified. Patient, operative, and postoperative characteristics were associated with costs in adjusted, multivariable analyses. One hundred thirty-seven patients met inclusion criteria for the study. Results: Cerebrovascular disease (intracranial hemorrhages, strokes, or transient ischemic attacks) was initially associated with increased costs (mean, $5595.25; 95% CI, $1710.22-$9480.28) in adjusted analyses ( P = .005), though this variable did not meet a significance threshold adjusted for multiple comparisons. Increased length of stay, discharge to a skilled nursing facility (SNF), admissions, emergency department (ED) visits, and wound complications were significant postoperative drivers of payment. Conclusion: Common comorbidities did not reliably predict increased costs. Increased length of stay, discharge to an SNF, readmission, ED visits, and wound complications were postoperative factors that considerably increased costs. Lastly, reducing the rates of SNF placement, readmission, ED visitation, and wound complications are targets for reducing costs for patients undergoing TAA. Level of Evidence: Level II, prognostic prospective cohort study.