bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Welding
Authors: Smith Warren , Roberts Julian 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
High-frequency (HF) welding is a welding process in which the heat source used to melt the joining surfaces is obtained from HF alternating current (ac) resistance heating. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages and applications of HF welding. It describes the equipment used for HF welding and the safety aspects to be considered during welding. The article concludes with a discussion on inspection and quality control.
Thermite Welding
Authors: Schwartz Bernard 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Thermite welding (TW) is a fusion welding process in which two metals become bonded after being heated by superheated metal that has experienced an aluminothermic reaction. This article describes the thermite welding principles by presenting equations of the aluminothermic reaction that occurs in thermite welding. It provides information on the applications of thermite welding: rail welding, electrical connections, and railroad applications. The article concludes with a discussion on the associated safety aspects.
High-Temperature Solid-State Welding
Authors: Lehrheuer W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article describes the high-temperature solid-state welding process used to join members of similar or dissimilar materials by three stages, namely, primary bonding, bond-surface extension, and elimination of the original joining surface. It lists the various advantages and disadvantages of the high-temperature solid-state welding process. The article discusses important process parameters for high-temperature solid-state welding, such as temperature, pressure, welding time, and welding atmosphere. It concludes with information on the application of the process in the fields of aerospace and nuclear engineering.
Furnace Brazing
Authors: Oyama Toshi , Mizuhara Howard 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Furnace brazing is a mass production process for joining the components of small assemblies with a metallurgical bond, using a nonferrous filler metal as the bonding material and a furnace as the heat source. This article presents the advantages and limitations of the furnace brazing and reviews three types of furnaces: continuous, semi-continuous, and batch. It presents three examples of the industrial applications of the furnace brazing: vacuum devices, jet engines, and automotive industries. The health and safety guidelines to be followed during the furnace brazing are also discussed.
Material Requirements for Service Conditions
Authors:   ASM Committee on Material Requirements for Service Conditions, Thomas R. David , Alia Bruno L. , Apblett William R. , Bartifay Robert G. , Coughlin Stephen A. , Melekian Gregory , Mellini Anthony R. , Perkins Larry , Roth James E. , Ruprecht William J. , Schaltenbrand Bernard E. , Somers Robert E. , Steele Roger K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The selection of materials for welded construction applications involves a number of considerations, including design codes and specifications. Mobile structures have quite different materials requirements for weight, durability, and safety than stationary structures, which are built to last for many years. This article provides an overview of the service conditions. It offers guidance for material selection applications, including bridges and buildings, pressure vessels and piping, shipbuilding and offshore structures, aerospace systems, machinery and equipment, automobiles, railroad systems, and sheet metal. Material properties and welding processes that may be significant in meeting design goals are also described.
Dissimilar Welds With Stainless Steels
Authors: Feldstein Joel G. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article briefly describes the welding of various stainless steels to dissimilar steels. The stainless steels include austenitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, and martensitic stainless steels. The dissimilar steels include carbon and low-alloy steels. In addition, the article provides information on the cladding of austenitic stainless steel to carbon or low-alloy steels.
Selection of Cobalt-, Titanium-, Zirconium-, and Tantalum-Base Corrosion-Resistant Alloys
Authors: Matthews S.J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the weldability characteristics of cobalt-base corrosion-resistant (CR) alloys, titanium-base CR alloys, zirconium-base CR alloys, and tantalum-base CR alloys that assist in the selection of suitable alloy and welding method for producing high-quality welds.
Arc Welding of Carbon Steels
Authors: Smith Ronald B. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the susceptibility of carbon steels to hydrogen-induced cracking, solidification cracking, lamellar tearing, weld metal porosity, and heat-affected zone (HAZ) mechanical property variations. The composition and mechanical properties of selected carbon steels used in arc welding applications are listed in a table. The article presents process selection guidelines for arc welding carbon steels. It provides information on the shielded metal arc welding, gas-metal arc welding, and flux-cored arc welding, gas-tungsten arc and plasma arc welding, submerged arc welding, electrogas welding, electroslag welding, and stud arc welding.
Welding of Low-Alloy Steels
Authors: Winsor F.J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses factors involved in selecting welding processes and consumables and establishing procedures and practices for the arc welding of low-alloy steels. It provides information on welding consumables in terms of filler metals and fluxes and shielding gases. The article describes the various categories of low-alloy steels, such as high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) structural steels, high-strength low-alloy quenched and tempered(HSLA Q&T) structural steels, low-alloy steels for pressure vessels and piping, medium-carbon heat-treatable (quenched and tempered) low-alloy (HTLA) steels, ultrahigh-strength low-alloy steels, and low-alloy tool and die steels. It concludes with a discussion on repair practices for tools and dies.
Evaluation and Quality Control of Soldered Joints
Authors: Greaves John B. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Before the quality of a soldered joint can be evaluated, the components that are required for the formation of a good soldered joint should be reviewed. These components are solder, applied heat, and solderable surface. This article discusses each of these as well as the end-use requirements and joint configurations required for the formation of a good soldered joint. It focuses on the visual, automatic, and destructive inspection techniques for determining overall joint quality.
Safe Practices
Authors:   American Welding Society, Spies G.R. , Barnes G.C. , Brown K.L. , Beisner W. , Fisher O.J. , Howes W.S. , Philp C. , Manz A.F. , Hannahs J.H. , Tomsic M.J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Safety is an important consideration in all welding, cutting, and related work. This article discusses the basic elements of safety general to all welding, cutting, and related processes. It includes safety procedures common to a variety of applications. The most important component of an effective safety and health program is management support and direction. The article reviews the role of management, training, housekeeping, and public demonstrations in welding safety to minimize personal injury and property damage. It provides information on the safety measures for eye and face protection in various welding and cutting operations. Injuries and fatalities from electric shock in welding and cutting operations can occur if proper precautionary measures are not followed. The article discusses the electrical safety aspects to be considered for various welding and cutting operations.
Brazing of Conventional Titanium Alloys
Authors: Shapiro Alexander E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the effects of brazing temperature and thermal treatment on structure and mechanical behavior of different classes of titanium base metals such as commercially pure (CP) titanium, alpha or near-alpha alloys, alpha-beta alloys, and beta alloys. The classification, properties, and potential heat treatment of titanium base alloys are presented in tables. The article provides information on brazed joints of titanium with carbon steels, as well as ceramics and graphite. It discusses the risks involved in titanium brazing, including erosion of base metal, brittle intermetallics, and low ductility. The article reviews induction and torch brazing, infrared brazing, diffusion brazing, and brazing by heating with ion bombardment. It concludes by describing the design criteria and limitations of brazing.
Optical Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Farnsworth Paul B. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the general principles, optical systems, and emission sources of optical emission spectroscopy for elemental analysis. Changes in the energy of the valence or outer shell electrons result in the atomic lines used in emission spectroscopy. Each possible combination of electron configurations produces a spectroscopic term that describes the state of the atom. Atomic emission is analytically useful only to the extent that the emission from one atomic species can be measured and its intensity recorded independent of emission from other sources. Emission sources are often designed to minimize molecular emission. Each of the four types of emission sources; arcs, high-voltage sparks, glow discharges, and flames; has a set of physical characteristics with accompanying analytical assets and liabilities. The article also discusses the applications of each type of emission source.
Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Pemberton Jeanne E. , Guy Anita L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article introduces the principles of Raman spectroscopy and the representative materials characterization applications to which Raman spectroscopy has been applied. It includes a discussion of light-scattering fundamentals and a description of the experimental aspects of the technique. Emphasis has been placed on the different instrument approaches that have been developed for performing Raman analyses on various materials. The applications presented in the article reflect the breadth of materials characterization uses for Raman spectroscopy and highlight the analysis of bulk material and of surface and near-surface species.
Controlled-Potential Coulometry
Authors: Harrar Jackson E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Controlled-potential coulometry is a highly precise and accurate method primarily used for major constituent analysis of analyte substances such as alloys, compounds, nonmetallic materials and organic compounds. This article illustrates the apparatus required for controlled-potential coulometry, and provides information on its techniques and applications. It contains a table that lists the metals for which accurate methods have been developed and the basic electrochemistry of the procedures. The article explains that gold and uranium are the elements that are determined frequently in various sample types.
Inert Gas Fusion
Authors: Fricioni R.B. , Essig Loren 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Inert gas fusion is a method of determining the quantitative content of gases in ferrous and nonferrous materials where gases, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, are physically and chemically adsorbed by the materials and later removed and swept by from the fusion area by an inert carrier gas. This article describes the operating principles and sample selection of inert gas fusion. It explains the mechanisms involved in the introduction of fusion gas, separation and detection of fusion gas by thermal-conductive and infrared detection methods. Additionally, the article explains the methods used for analyzing trace amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen in the carrier mediums, providing examples that aid in solving several problems.
Crystallographic Texture Measurement and Analysis
Authors: Adams Brent L. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Crystallographic texture measurement and analysis is an important tool for correlating material properties with microstructural features. This article describes the general approach to quantifying crystallographic texture, namely, the collection of statistical data from grain measurements and subsequent analysis based on Euler plots (i.e., pole figures), orientation distribution functions, and stereographic projections. Using detailed illustrations and examples, it explains the significance of preferred crystallographic orientations and their influence on properties and material behavior. The article also discusses sample selection and preparation as well as the challenges and limitations of various methods.
Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy
Authors: Pantano Carlo G. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), an energetic beam of focused ions is directed at the sample surface in a high or ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) environment. The transfer of momentum from the impinging primary ions to the sample surface causes sputtering of surface atoms and molecules. This article focuses on the principles and applications of high sputter rate dynamic SIMS for depth profiling and bulk impurity analysis. It provides information on broad-beam instruments, ion microprobes, and ion microscopes, detailing their system components with illustrations. The article graphically illustrates the SIMS spectra and depth profiles of various materials. The quantitative analysis of ion-implantation profiles, instrumental features required for secondary ion imaging, the analysis of nonmetallic samples, detection sensitivity, and the applications of SIMS are also discussed.
MAĞAZA İMAJININ ALIŞVERİŞÇİ HAREKETLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: BURSA İLİNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: ZENGİN Barış , KILIÇ Serkan 
Published: December 2018

Alışverişçilerin
sürekli kullandıkları mağazaları değiştirme ya da bırakma yolunu tercih etmesi,
alışverişlerini başka mağazalardan yapması ve bunun için başka mağazalara
gitmesi alışverişçi hareketliliği kavramının oluşmasına sebep olur. Bu
çalışmanın temel amacı, mağaza imajının ve mağaza imajını oluşturan
değişkenlerin alışverişçi hareketliliği üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olup
olmadığının incelenmesidir. Çalışma Bursa ilinde 20 yaşın üzerindeki ve
alışverişlerini kendilerinin yaptığı varsayılan 390 alışverişçi ile yüz yüze
anket yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Anket verileri, SPSS ve AMOS programlarıyla
analiz edilmiş ve modelde oluşturulan hipotezin test edilmesi sağlanmıştır.
Bulunan sonuçlar doğrultusunda mağaza imajının ve mağaza imajını oluşturan
ürün/hizmet çeşitliliği ve kalitesi, satış personeli, fiyat/değer ve mağaza
atmosferinin alışverişçilerin hareketlilikleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye
sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
PSİKOLOJİK SÖZLEŞME İHLALİ VE DUYGUSAL EMEK İLİŞKİSİ: SAĞLIK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ÖRÜCÜ Edip , KORKMAZ Erdoğan 
Published: December 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, psikolojik sözleşme
ihlali ile duygusal emek davranışı arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Bu
kapsamda araştırma, Balıkesir'in Bandırma, Erdek ve Marmara ilçelerindeki Acil
Sağlık Hizmetleri İstasyonlarında çalışan 118 kişi üzerinde
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışanların psikolojik sözleşme ihlali algıları ve
duygusal emek davranışları anket yöntemi ile ölçülmüştür. Veriler, frekans
analizi, güvenilirlik analizi, normallik testi, korelasyon ve regresyon yöntemleri
ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre, psikolojik sözleşme ihlali
algısı duygusal emek ve duygusal emeğin yüzeysel davranış, derin davranış ve
gerçek duygular alt boyutlarını anlamlı düzeyde etkilememektedir. Çalışmanın
sonunda, sonuçlar yorumlanıp, tartışılmıştır.
İKİNCİ KONUT SAHİPLİĞİNDE İTME VE ÇEKME FAKTÖRLERİ: EDREMİT ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: AVCIKURT Cevdet , BUZLUKÇU Cemali , OFLAZ Musa , SEZEN Talha Serdar , KÖROĞLU Ahmet , SARIOĞLAN Mehmet , KARAMAN Sebahattin 
Published: December 2018

İtme
Çekme Kuramı, birçok alanda araştırma konusu olmuş ve zaman içerisinde geliştirilmiştir.
Kurama göre, hiçbir bağlam ve düzlemde mutlak itme ve mutlak çekme faktörü yoktur.
İtme çekme faktörlerinin içeriğinin belirlenmesi birçok etkene bağlıdır. Turizm
alanyazınında da genellikle bireylerin destinasyon tercihi üzerinde etki eden
faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla kullanılan bu kuram, itme faktörlerini,
insanları seyahat etmeye yönlendiren sosyo-psikolojik güdüler, çekme
faktörlerini ise, bir destinasyonda bulunan özellikler ile insanları seyahat
etmeye çeken bir güç olarak tanımlamaktadır. Türkiye’de özellikle yerli
turistler tarafından tercih edilen ve tatil ve dinlenme amacıyla sınırlı bir
zaman diliminde kullanılmak üzere kiralanan veya satın alınan ikinci konutlar,
turizm alanyazınında incelenmesi gereken bir konu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Bu araştırmanın amacı, ikinci konutların yoğunlukla görüldüğü Balıkesir ili
Edremit ilçesinde ikinci konut sahibi olan bireylerin bu davranışlarının
ardındaki itme ve çekme faktörlerini tespit etmektir. Bu doğrultuda yapılan
araştırma sonucunda itici faktörler altında toplumsal etkileşim ve sağlık olmak
üzere iki boyut tespit edilmiştir. Çekici faktörler altında ise doğal
çekicilik, alışveriş imkânı, bölge değeri ve uygun ortam olmak üzere dört boyut
ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu boyutlar ile katılımcıların demografik özellikleri
ve bölgeye yönelik düşünceleri analiz edilmiştir. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlar
doğrultusunda konuyla ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PADA BERITA DALAM MEDIA SURAT KABAR SINAR INDONESIA BARU
Authors: Nisa Khairun 
Published: December 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan berbahasa dari segi ejaan, morfologi, sintaksis, dan semantik yang terdapat di dalam surat kabar Sinar Indonesia Baru; (2) untuk memberikan perbaikan kesalahan berbahasa dari segi ejaan, morfologi, sintaksis, dan semantik yang terdapat di dalam berita Sinar Indonesia Baru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik simak untuk memperoleh data dengan menyimak penggunaan bahasa dan teknik catat untuk mencatat kata atau kalimat untuk dianalisis. Hasil analisis mengenai analisis kesalahan berbahasa pada berita Sinar Indonesia Baru (SIB) edisi Desember 2017 dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat bentuk kesalahan berbahasa pada bidang ejaan, morfologi, sintaksis, dan semantik. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu pertama, bentuk kesalahan berbahasa yang ditemukan pada berita “4 Rumah Terbakar di Jalan Jermal VI Medan Denai“ di antaranya kesalahan dalam bidang ejaan sebanyak dua kesalahan, bidang morfologi enam kesalahan, semantik dua kesalahan dan sintaksis satu kesalahan. Kedua, bentuk kesalahan berbahasa yang ditemukan pada berita “Sekitar 300 Warga Asal Palas Terdeteksi Mengidap HIV Aids“ di antaranya kesalahan dalam bidang ejaan sebanyak satu kesalahan, bidang morfologi dua kesalahan , semantik satu kesalahan , dan sintaksis tiga kesalahan. Ketiga, bentuk kesalahan berbahasa yang ditemukan pada berita “Warga Secanggang Kecewa Proyek Air Bersih Dikutip Biaya Rp 100 PerKK“ di antaranya kesalahan dalam bidang ejaan sebanyak dua kesalahan, bidang morfologi tiga kesalahan, dan sintaksis dua kesalahan.
DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KONSEP DIRI SISWA TUNAGRAHITA
Authors: Kelen Magdalena Praharani , Pasaribu Jesika 
Published: December 2018

AbstrakKeluarga dan masyarakat belum paham mengenai kecacatan yang dialami oleh siswa tunagrahita sehingga terdapat stigma bahwa siswa tunagrahita sebagai orang cacat yang tidak bisa mandiri dan memiliki kemampuan intelektual rendah. Stigma tersebut dapat mempengaruhi persepsi siswa tunagrahita terhadap konsep diri mereka sehingga cenderung negatif. Penelitian kuantitatif non-eksperimental dengan desain deskriptif korelasi bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan dukungan keluarga dan masyarakat terhadap konsep diri siswa tunagrahita di SLBN Kupang. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa tunagrahita di SLBN Kupang. Sampel diperoleh secara accidental sampling sebanyak 84 responden. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner konsep diri, dukungan keluarga dan dukungan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ditemukan terdapat konsep diri positif 52,4%, dukungan keluarga 52,4% dan dukungan masyarakat (53,6 ). Hipotesis di uji menggunakan uji Chi-square; sbb: tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara dukungan orang tua terhadap konsep diri (p value = 0,197) dan tidak ada hubungan bermana antara dukungan masyarakat terhadap konsep diri (p value = 0,389). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya dukungan keluarga dan masyarakat agar penyandang tunagrahita tetap memiliki konsep diri yang positif. Kata kunci: Tunagrahita, konsep diri, dukungan keluarga, dukungan masyarakat AbstractThe relationship of Family and Sosial Support with self-concept of intellectual disability students’s. In common, families and communities do not understand well the disability experienced by intellectual disability students. This arises a stigma that intellectual disability students are disabled people who cannot be independent and have low intellectual abilities. This stigma may affect the perception of intellectual disability students on their self-concept that tend to be negative.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of Family and Sosial Support with self-concept of intellectual disability students’s in SLBN Kupang NTT 2016. This research method was non-experimental quantitative research with descriptive correlation design. The population in this study were all intellectual disability students in SLBN Kupang. The sample was obtained by accidental sampling of 84 respondents. Data collection is done through filling out self-concept questionnaires, family support and community support. The results of the study found 52.4% positive self-concept, 52.4% family support and social support (53.6). The hypothesis was tested using the Chi-square test: there is no significant relationship between parental support for self-concept (p value = 0.197) and no significant relationship between community support for self-concept (p value = 0.389). The results of the study indicate the need for family and social support to improve positive self-concept of intellectual disability students . Keywords: Intellectual disability, self-concept, family support, social support