bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid‐Assisted Strain Localization in Quartz at the Brittle/Ductile Transition
Authors: Papeschi Samuele , Musumeci Giovanni 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA mylonitic quartzite with conjugate and synthetic shear bands was investigated by Electron Backscatter Diffraction and optical microscopy to obtain insights on recrystallization mechanisms and strain localization in quartz at plastic to semibrittle conditions close to the brittle‐ductile transition. The mylonitic quartzite deformed during late Miocene thrusting coeval with contact metamorphism in the high‐strain domains of the Calamita Schists (Elba Island, Italy). Mylonitic deformation occurred from amphibolite to lower greenschist facies conditions during cooling of the aureole. Dynamic recrystallization, dominated by the activity of dislocation creep by prism <a> slip, produced recrystallized quartz layers mantling relic large quartz porphyroclasts. Under decreasing temperature and fluid‐rich conditions, quartz porphyroclasts acted as relatively rigid bodies and fractured along synthetic and conjugate C′ shear bands. Shear bands developed along kinematically favored orientations, just locally assisted by weak crystallographic planes in quartz. Fracturing along shear bands was assisted by cataclasis and fluid infiltration enhancing fracture propagation and healing by recrystallization and authigenesis of new quartz and phyllosilicate grains. The process enhanced the propagation of and strain localization in shear bands, with the development of bands of weak phyllosilicates. Furthermore, we observed the development of a c axis preferred orientation (CPO) related to dissolution and precipitation of new grains with their c axis oriented parallel to shear bands. This study highlights the importance of the interplay between brittle and crystal‐plastic processes and fluid ingress in the semibrittle regime to understand deformation partitioning and strain localization.
The Statistical Characteristics of Small‐Scale Ionospheric Irregularities Observed in the Martian Ionosphere
Authors: Fowler C. M. , Bonnell J. W. , Huba J. D. , Andersson L. , Espley J. , Benna M. , Ergun R. E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSmall‐scale ionospheric irregularities in magnetic field strength and ionospheric density have recently been discovered at Mars by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. Studying these irregularities provides insight into the interaction between the thermosphere and ionosphere and allows for comparative aeronomy between Mars, Earth, and other planets. This paper reports the first statistical study utilizing 3.5 years of MAVEN in situ measurements to characterize these irregularities and to provide maps of where these irregularities are most likely to be observed. Irregularities are most likely to be observed at dawn and dusk, between solar zenith angles of 90° and 150°, although events are observed all the way to midnight. Irregularities occur primarily outside of the crustal magnetic field regions, between altitudes of ∼130 and 160 km, when ionospheric dynamo conditions exist (magnetized electrons and unmagnetized ions). The irregularities appear to be MHD‐like in nature (an interesting difference to their electrostatic terrestrial counterparts), characterized by variations in absolute magnetic field strength of 5–15% of the background field and perpendicular to magnetic field length scales of 5–20 km. Although MAVEN cannot accurately resolve the associated density variations, we estimate these variations to typically be between 10% and 75% of the background ionospheric density. When present, irregularity events appear to occur with equal likelihood above and below the ionospheric peak. At Earth, the occurrence of irregularity events exhibits strong seasonal dependencies; the MAVEN data set is currently too small to identify any conclusive trends as a function of Mars season.
Gravitational Changes of the Earth's Free Oscillation From Earthquakes: Theory and Feasibility Study Using GRACE Inter‐satellite Tracking
Authors: Ghobadi‐Far Khosro , Han Shin‐Chan , Sauber Jeanne , Lemoine Frank , Behzadpour Saniya , Mayer‐Gürr Torsten , Sneeuw Nico , Okal Emile 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGRACE satellites have detected regional‐scale preseismic, coseismic, and postseismic gravity changes associated with great earthquakes during the GRACE era (2002‐2017). Earthquakes also excite global‐scale transient gravity changes associated with free oscillations that may be discerned for a few days. In this study, we examine such global gravity changes due to Earth's free oscillations and quantify how they affect GRACE measurements. We employ the normal mode formalism to synthesize the global gravity changes after the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and simulate the (gravitational) free oscillation signals manifested in the GRACE K‐band ranging (KBR) measurements. Using the Kaula orbit perturbation theory, we show how GRACE inter‐satellite distances are perturbed through a complex coupling of eigenfrequencies of the normal modes with the Earth's rotation rate and the GRACE satellites' orbital frequency. It is found that a few gravest normal modes can generate range‐rate perturbations as large as 0.2 μm/s, which are comparable to actual errors of GRACE KBR ranging and accelerometer instruments. Wavelet time‐frequency analysis of the GRACE KBR residual data in December 2004 reveals the existence of a significant transient signal after the 2004 Sumatra earthquake. This transient signal is characterized by a frequency of ~0.022 mHz that could be potentially associated with the largest excitation due to the “football” mode of the Earth's free oscillation. However, the results are also affected by low‐frequency noise of the GRACE accelerometers. Improved space‐borne gravitational instrumentation may open new opportunities to study the Earth's interior and earthquakes independently from global seismological analysis.
Atlantic Circulation and Ice Sheet Influences on Upper South Atlantic Temperatures During the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Umling N. E. , Oppo D. W. , Chen P. , Yu J. , Liu Z. , Yan M. , Gebbie G. , Lund D. C. , Pietro K. R. , Jin Z. D. , Huang K.‐F. , Costa K. B. , Toledo F. A. L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAtlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) disruption during the last deglaciation is hypothesized to have caused large subsurface ocean temperature anomalies, but records from key regions are not available to test this hypothesis, and other possible drivers of warming have not been fully considered. Here, we present the first reliable evidence for subsurface warming in the South Atlantic during Heinrich Stadial 1, confirming the link between large‐scale heat redistribution and AMOC. Warming extends across the Bølling‐Allerød despite predicted cooling at this time, thus spanning intervals of both weak and strong AMOC indicating another forcing mechanism that may have been previously overlooked. Transient model simulations and quasi‐conservative water mass tracers suggest that reduced northward upper ocean heat transport was responsible for the early deglacial (Heinrich Stadial 1) accumulation of heat at our shallower (~1,100 m) site. In contrast, the results suggest that warming at our deeper site (~1,900 m) site was dominated by southward advection of North Atlantic middepth heat anomalies. During the Bølling‐Allerød, the demise of ice sheets resulted in oceanographic changes in the North Atlantic that reduced convective heat loss to the atmosphere, causing subsurface warming that overwhelmed the cooling expected from an AMOC reinvigoration. The data and simulations suggest that rising atmospheric CO2 did not contribute significantly to deglacial subsurface warming at our sites.
Integrated data analysis allows the establishment of a new, cosmopolitan genus of marine Macrodasyida (Gastrotricha)
Authors: Todaro M. Antonio , Dal Zotto Matteo , Kånneby Tobias , Hochberg Rick 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMacrodasyida (phylum Gastrotricha) comprises 365 species distributed across 34 genera and 10 families. However, current classification is under revision due to the contradictory results of molecular and morphological cladistic analyses. Studies aimed at bridging the gaps took advantage of supplementary assessments of poorly known species and particularly from observations of new taxa showing original traits that could help to identify plesiomorphic character states in these anatomically diverse micrometazoa. We follow this path by describing three new interesting macrodasyidan species respectively from Italy, Brazil and Sweden. In many respects, the new species resemble most closely species of the genus Macrodasys; however, details of the external morphology, in combination with the different lay-out of the reproductive system and the tiny spermatozoa lacking a visible flagellum, suggest they belong to a new genus, possibly in the family Macrodasyidae. These hypotheses are supported by the phylogenetic relationships of 47 taxa inferred from analyses of the 18S rRNA gene, which found the new species clustering with Thaidasys tongiorgii in a subset of a larger clade containing Macrodasys. Accordingly, the establishment of the following taxa is proposed: Kryptodasys gen. nov., K. marcocurinii sp. nov., K. carlosrochai sp. nov. and K. ulfjondeliusi sp. nov.
Therapeutic benefit of combining calorie-restricted ketogenic diet and glutamine targeting in late-stage experimental glioblastoma
Authors: Mukherjee Purna , Augur Zachary M. , Li Mingyi , Hill Collin , Greenwood Bennett , Domin Marek A. , Kondakci Gramoz , Narain Niven R. , Kiebish Michael A. , Bronson Roderick T. , Arismendi-Morillo Gabriel , Chinopoulos Christos , Seyfried Thomas N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary human brain tumour that has resisted effective therapy for decades. Although glucose and glutamine are the major fuels that drive GBM growth and invasion, few studies have targeted these fuels for therapeutic management. The glutamine antagonist, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), was administered together with a calorically restricted ketogenic diet (KD-R) to treat late-stage orthotopic growth in two syngeneic GBM mouse models: VM-M3 and CT-2A. DON targets glutaminolysis, while the KD-R reduces glucose and, simultaneously, elevates neuroprotective and non-fermentable ketone bodies. The diet/drug therapeutic strategy killed tumour cells while reversing disease symptoms, and improving overall mouse survival. The therapeutic strategy also reduces edema, hemorrhage, and inflammation. Moreover, the KD-R diet facilitated DON delivery to the brain and allowed a lower dosage to achieve therapeutic effect. The findings support the importance of glucose and glutamine in driving GBM growth and provide a therapeutic strategy for non-toxic metabolic management.
Serum levels of Trimethylamine-N-oxide in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Rexidamu Maimaiti , Li Hongmei , Jin Haiyan , Huang Jiankang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests that Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial metabolite, is implicated in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the serum levels of TMAO in Chinese patients with ischemic stroke.
Method: In the present study, 255 consecutive patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke and 255 age and gender-matched healthy volunteers were included for testing serum TMAO. Stroke severity was determined by the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The stroke severity was dichotomized as minor (NIHSS ≤ 5) and moderate-to-high clinical severity (NIHSS &gt; 6).
Results: The serum levels of TMAO in stroke ranged from 0.5 to 18.3 μM, with a median value of 5.8 (interquartile range (IQR), 3.3–10.0) μM, which was higher than in those controls (3.9; IQR, 2.6–6.1 μM). The median level of TMAO in those patients was significantly lower than in those moderate-to-high stroke patients (4.1 μM [IQR, 2.8–6.2] vs. 9.1 μM [5.1–11.0]; P&lt;0.001). In univariate and multivariable models, the unadjusted risk of moderate-to-high stroke was increased by 31% (odds ratio (OR) = 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–1.42], P&lt;0.001) and 22% (OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.08–1.32; P&lt;0.001), when TMAO was increased each by 1 μM. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cut-off value of serum level of TMAO as an indicator for screening of moderate-to-high stroke was estimated to be 6.6 μM, which yielded a sensitivity of 69.3 % and a specificity of 79.0%, with the area under the curve at 0.750 (95% CI, 0.687–0.812).
Conclusions: Higher TMAO levels were associated with increased risk of first ischemic stroke and worse neurological deficit in Chinese patients.
Development of PVC films, resistant mold influence
Authors: Mazitova Aliya , Maskova Albina , Aminova Guliya 
Published: May 2019

Along with the use of plasticizers in the development of polymeric materials with specific properties, special substances such as fungicides are also used because of the negative impact on the polyvinyl chloride materials of microorganisms.
In the present work, the possibility of practical application of butylbutoxyethyl phthalate (BBOEP) and dibutoxyethyl adipate (DBOEA) as plasticizers, and 4-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazinone-5 as a fungicide, in PVC films. The first additive was obtained by the esterification of phthalic anhydride (adipic acid) with hydroxyethyllylated butanol. The second additive was obtained on a base of ethyl monochloroacetate.
According to the conducted experiments, it was it was found that when exposed to mold fungi, some physic-mechanical characteristics of plastic compounds deteriorate.
During the study of the resistance to fungi of plastic compounds, it was found that compositions made on the basis of PVC with BBOEP have got high funginertness, while compositions prepared with using of DBOEA turned out to be unstable against to microorganisms. For the prevention infection by the fungus of the obtained plastic compounds based on adipic acid, a proposed fungicide was used. Primary studies have shown that DBOEA with the addition of the fungicide for resistance to fungi is not inferior to BBOEF.
Oxygen Regime Control in Water Body Amelioration
Authors: Borovkov Valery , Karaichev Ivan 
Published: May 2019

An important aspect of water body amelioration is the control of the oxygen regime in water mass. Pollution of water bodies deteriorates their oxygen regime, and the natural inflow of oxygen through the free surface is not enough to compensate for oxygen consumption for pollutant oxidation. Water pollution by various substances causes damage resulting from a decrease in the ecological safety of urban water bodies. Data of World Health Organization (WHO) show that the contact of the population with polluted water bodies causes spreading of deceases, such as cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and poliomyelitis, and creates considerable health risks.In this context, the artificial aeration of water mass with the use of aeration systems, which improve water quality, is gaining in importance. Most widespread among such aeration systems are diffused-air aerators, in which air supplied by a compressor passes through perforated diffuser plates. The size of the perforation is often chosen with no appropriate hydraulic substantiation. The size of the resulting air bubbles, no doubt, depends on the size of perforation holes; however, the available design relationships give contradictory results depending on the immersion depth of the diffuser plate and the working pressure, which determines air discharge velocity from diffuser plate perforations. This shows that the studies along this line are of scientific and practical importance.This article presents the analysis of the existing relationships for determining the size of air bubbles that form when air is pumped into water through nozzles of different diameters at different pumping rates; the analysis has shown the results of such calculations to differ considerably. Buckingham π-theorem was used to construct dimensionless groups, determining the relationship between the size of bubbles and the factors that govern the outflow of air into water. Dimensionless groups were used to obtain a formula for calculating the size of air bubbles at the aeration of water mass.
High-precision two-phase laser rangefinder PFSD-1,2
Authors: Hayrapetyan Yegisabeth , Petrosyan Hovseph , Hunanyan Hovnan , Tsaturyan Artyom 
Published: May 2019

Performing high-precision linear measurements is one of the main tasks of modern engineering geodesy. Consequently, the development and creation of high-precision laser rangefinders and refractometers with a relative measurement error of not more than 3.10-7, becomes an urgent scientific and technical problem.
Wide theoretical and experimental studies in the problem laboratory of geodetic measurements of NUACA have accumulated a sufficient amount of experimental results for the construction of modern high-precision light meter with the determination of the residual part of the phase cycle with an error of 0.03-0.05 mm.
The article discusses issues related to improving the accuracy of linear measurements developed in the NUACA of high-precision light rangefinder. A two-phase modulation measurement method is proposed, when signals shifted by 180° are formed optically using a phase plate at λ/2. This modulation method of linear measurements provided the phase error of linear measurements mφ = 0.03-0.05 mm.
The article also discusses the issue of reducing the modulation power. For this purpose, it is proposed to install a high-quality buffer Q-resonator between the high-quality light modem and the low-quality microwave oscillator.
Use of Strict Patient Selection Criteria to Achieve Significant Surgical Outcomes from a Low DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Cha Han Gyu , Kang Min Kyu , Han Hyun Ho , Kim Eun Key , Eom Jin Sup 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background The low deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap was first introduced in 2016 as it had aesthetic advantages over the conventional DIEP flap. With our experience of over 100 low DIEP flap procedures to date, we have conspicuously lowered complication rates and established more definitive criteria to select proper candidates.
Methods We analyzed 103 patients who underwent breast reconstruction with the low DIEP flap at our hospital between May 2014 and June 2018. Demographics, patient selection criteria, flap specifics, surgical outcomes including postoperative complications, and the location of the abdominal scar and umbilicus were reviewed retrospectively.
Results The mean patient age was 46.7 years, and the average body mass index was 23.7 kg/m2. A low DIEP with an average weight of 377 g was utilized within 6 hours 17 minutes in this cohort. There was no significant difference in the rate of venous congestion or fat necrosis compared with the conventional DIEP flap. The average distance from the pubic hairline to the abdominal scar was 0.6 cm and from the anterior superior iliac spine to the abdominal scar was −0.4 cm. The postoperative location of the umbilicus was 7.0 cm above the pubic hairline.
Conclusion The low DIEP flap is not only a reliable option for a breast reconstruction but is an aesthetically superior approach with a lower abdominal scar and natural umbilicus. Patients may benefit from this technique if prudently selected by computed tomography (CT) angiography. A perforator that is larger than 1 mm in diameter and well enhanced on CT angiography from the division of the external iliac artery to the abdominal skin particularly in the intramuscular course should be selected.
Repetition
Authors: Klinger Susanne 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Repetition is a common literary device that can be used to create associative networks within a text, parallel structures suggesting similarities in meaning, or a wide span of effects ranging from monotony to excitement. If repetition is a common literary device, then it follows that its translation is a common challenge for the literary translator. However, translators tend to avoid repetition and by doing so often fail to recreate the function the repetition fulfils in the source text. Using Michael Cunningham’s literary travelogue Lands End: A walk in Provincetown and its German translation as a case study, in this paper I will have a closer look at the literary function of repetition and how omitting the repetition in the target text can affect the text’s meaning potential. In addition, I will discuss alternative solutions that maintain the literary function in the target text. In particular, I will argue that the target text does not necessarily need to mirror the linguistic form of the source-text repetition, but can employ other stylistic means to recreate its literary function in the target text.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Gabor Multi-orientation Feature Fusion
Authors: Liang Xuechen , Yang Lei , Luo Shengda 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Facial expression is a key to nonverbal communication, which has been confirmed by many different research projects. A change in intensity or magnitude of even one specific facial expression can cause different interpretations. With the continuous and fast development of computer vision and pattern recognition, facial expression recognition has received significant attention recently due to the wide range of commercial and law enforcement application and the availability of feasible technology during 30 years of research. In this thesis, facial expression recognition is studied by applying several commonly used methods in the whole process. By numerical experiment, we find that our approach with Gabor based transformation for face expression feature extraction, combining the advantages of various algorithms, Gabor wavelet transform and non-negative matrix decomposition of facial expressions are used to obtain features, and CNN is used to classify and apply them to facial expression recognition.
Rotation Face Detection Based on Three-Window Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Gao Mingyan , Tang Yan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In some family photos or special scene pictures, we can find some rotated faces. Most existing methods are based on increasing the features of rotated faces or changing the directions of pictures to augment the training data. However, these methods have their own limitations and can not detect rotated faces accurately. We propose a method based on three-window convolutional neural networks designed by ourselves. We extract the features of faces and change the feature matrices of faces by clockwise rotation and anticlockwise rotation through three-window convolutional layer in order to increase the face features. We retain parameters of the model after training, and convolutional layer replace fully connected layer. According to the heatmap of the sample, our method can predict face region. We carry out the experiments on FDDB and LFW datasets. The experiments on LFW show that our model achieves AUC of 0.9240, and recall of 0.9367 and the experiments on FDDB show that our model achieves recall of 0.9541.
Direct Visual Odometry Using Lines for a Monocular Camera
Authors: Wang Yingge , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhu Qing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Most of the visual odometry is based on the matching of the feature points, or the pixel matching of the direct method. However, images have another obvious feature, i.e. the line feature. If we use the point based visual odometry in low texture images, it may result in bad performance in the experiment because of few numbers of feature points. Although in some texture-less environments, it is still possible to reliably estimate the line based on geometric elements. For example, the structured edges are obvious in the indoor scenes. In this paper, we propose a monocular visual odometry method which is based on the combination of direct method and line feature. Then we use TUM-RGB and ICL-NUIM datasets to test our algorithm. Experimental results show that our method improves the robustness and accuracy of the estimation of the position and attitude of the camera.