bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental psychosocial factors and childhood caries prevention: Data from an American Indian population
Authors: Albino Judith , Tiwari Tamanna , Henderson William G. , Thomas Jacob F. , Braun Patricia A. , Batliner Terrence S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the association among psychological and social variables reported by American Indian parents/caregivers of preschool children and changes in their Oral Health Knowledge and Behaviors related to care of their children's teeth. We also investigated the relationship of these factors with progression of caries, as reflected by changes in their children's dmfs.MethodsThe data used for this study were collected at baseline in a clinical trial of an oral health promotion intervention comprising behavioural and clinical interventions for caries prevention delivered by tribal members on a large Southwestern American Indian reservation. Linear regression analyses were performed for changes (baseline to Year 1) in dmfs, Oral Health Knowledge and Oral Health Behavior scores, with baseline psychosocial measures, taken individually, as the independent variables.ResultsParents’ attitudes and beliefs were associated with increases in their Oral Health Knowledge and Behavior and also with the progression of caries for their children. When all participants were considered together, increases in children's dmfs were smaller when the caregiver had higher Internal Oral Health Locus of Control (e = −1.33, P = .004), higher Health Literacy (e = −1.55, P < .01), and higher Financial Stability (e = −4.46, P = .03), and lower scores for the Barriers subscale (e = 1.57, P < .01) of the Health Belief Model. For parents in the Intervention group, higher scores on Locus of Control, reflecting beliefs that chance, or other people determine their children's oral health, were associated with larger increases in Oral Health Knowledge (e = 1.73, P = .04) and Behaviors (e = 4.00, P = .005).ConclusionsPrevention of early childhood caries in American Indian children has proved to be especially challenging. Some of the measures identified in this report may suggest promising directions to prevention through approaches that build on competencies and skills to be learned and used within a context more broadly focused on parenting and management of health and family challenges.
Automated video‐based detection of nocturnal convulsive seizures in a residential care setting
Authors: Geertsema Evelien E. , Thijs Roland D. , Gutter Therese , Vledder Ben , Arends Johan B. , Leijten Frans S. , Visser Gerhard H. , Kalitzin Stiliyan N. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryPeople with epilepsy need assistance and are at risk of sudden death when having convulsive seizures (CS). Automated real‐time seizure detection systems can help alert caregivers, but wearable sensors are not always tolerated. We determined algorithm settings and investigated detection performance of a video algorithm to detect CS in a residential care setting. The algorithm calculates power in the 2‐6 Hz range relative to 0.5‐12.5 Hz range in group velocity signals derived from video‐sequence optical flow. A detection threshold was found using a training set consisting of video‐electroencephalogaphy (EEG) recordings of 72 CS. A test set consisting of 24 full nights of 12 new subjects in residential care and additional recordings of 50 CS selected randomly was used to estimate performance. All data were analyzed retrospectively. The start and end of CS (generalized clonic and tonic–clonic seizures) and other seizures considered desirable to detect (long generalized tonic, hyperkinetic, and other major seizures) were annotated. The detection threshold was set to the value that obtained 97% sensitivity in the training set. Sensitivity, latency, and false detection rate (FDR) per night were calculated in the test set. A seizure was detected when the algorithm output exceeded the threshold continuously for 2 seconds. With the detection threshold determined in the training set, all CS were detected in the test set (100% sensitivity). Latency was ≤10 seconds in 78% of detections. Three/five hyperkinetic and 6/9 other major seizures were detected. Median FDR was 0.78 per night and no false detections occurred in 9/24 nights. Our algorithm could improve safety unobtrusively by automated real‐time detection of CS in video registrations, with an acceptable latency and FDR. The algorithm can also detect some other motor seizures requiring assistance.
Size‐selective fishing and the potential for fisheries‐induced evolution in lake whitefish
Authors: Morbey Yolanda E. , Mema Marin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe long‐term evolutionary effects of fishing on maturation schedules can depend on gear type, the shape of the gear type's size‐selectivity function, and the size and age structure of a population. Our goal was to better understand how environmentally induced differences in somatic growth influence the evolutionary effects of size‐selective fisheries, using lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Huron as a case study. Using a state‐dependent optimization model of energy allocation parameterized for lake whitefish, we show that fishing with gill nets (bell‐shaped selectivity) and trap nets (sigmoid‐shaped selectivity) can be potent agents of selection on size thresholds for maturity. Compared to trap nets and large mesh (114 mm) gill nets, small mesh (89 mm) gill nets are better able to buffer populations from fishing‐induced evolution by safeguarding large, fecund fish, but only when overall fishing mortality is low and growth rates sufficiently fast such that fish can outgrow vulnerable size classes. Regardless of gear type, and all else being equal, high fishing mortality in combination with low growth rates is expected to intensify the long‐term evolutionary effects of fishing.
Shear mouth secondary to temporohyoid osteoarthropathy
Authors: Grant M. J. , Barnett T. P. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryTemporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) is a progressive disease of unknown aetiology that can result in pain during normal movement of the tongue and larynx during mastication and deglutition. Shear mouth is a rare, poorly described condition, which may be associated with painful dental disease. This report describes a case of shear mouth attributable toTHO. TheTHOwas surgically treated by undertaking a left‐sided ceratohyoidectomy (CHO) and the shear mouth resolved over the course of 18 months.
An investigation on the effects of equal channel angular pressing on the mixed‐mode fracture toughness and mechanical properties of 6063 aluminium alloy
Authors: Seifi R. , Kazemi M.A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, effects of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on the mixed‐mode fracture toughness of Al‐6063 were investigated. The ECAP process continued up to 5 passes without failure. Grain refinement was obvious after 5 passes of the ECAP process. The average grain size reduced from 45μm to less than 1μm, and textural studies shows aligning the grains in known directions. After 4 passes, yield and ultimate strengths increase respectively from 100 and 209 MPa to 300 and 375 MPa and reduction in elongation was also observed. The microhardness improved after the process. The fracture toughness for different orientations was measured. For pure mode I (opening mode), its value decreased after the first pass from 18.4 to 15.71
; however, it increased to about 18.8
after the fifth pass. For mixed‐mode loading condition, different orientations were investigated. The results revealed different fracture toughness reductions after the first passes of the process for specimens with different orientations. The fracture surfaces were studied by using scanning electron microscope, and refined equiaxed dimples were observed after the ECAP process.
Habitat analysis of the commercial tuna of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Hu Chen , Harrison Daniel P. , Hinton Michael G. , Siegrist Zachary C. , Kiefer Dale A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe have extracted information on the habitats of bigeye (Thunnus obesus), skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean by matching the spatial‐temporal distribution of catch and effort of purse seine and longline fleets collected by the Inter‐American Tropical Tuna Commission with oceanographic conditions and subjecting the matched data to Quotient Analysis and General Additive Models (GAMs). These analyses yielded the following results. The habitats defined by the GAM analysis of young fish differ significantly between two periods, one before and one after the introduction of fish aggregation devices (FADs). This was not true for the older fish caught by longline. We speculate that these changes were caused by the extensive use of FADs. Younger bigeye and yellowfin caught by the purse seine fleet have a different preference of environmental variables compared to older fish caught by longline. This is to be expected since tuna of different age groups have different sizes, metabolic capabilities and swimming skills. Moreover, as revealed by GAMs, the habitats of young fish differ between species to a much larger degree than those of older fish. Our results indicate the fundamental differences between fishing methods, targeted species, and operating region of the two fisheries. Specifically, young bigeye occupy equatorial waters farther from the coast and where the hypoxic layer is deeper, young skipjack occupy more productive waters associated with equatorial and coastal upwelling, and young yellowfin occupy broad areas where waters are underlain by a shallow hypoxic layer.
Dynamics of global institutional collaboration in insect taxonomy reveal imbalance of taxonomic effort
Authors: Deng Jun , Wang Xu , Zeng Lingda , Zou Xuting , Huang Xiaolei 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Institutional collaboration promotes development and technical advances in science. A social network analysis is often used to assess the evolutionary dynamics of institutional collaboration in many fields. However, there has been no social network analysis of the insect taxonomy field based on bibliometric data.

To explore the evolutionary pattern of institutional collaboration in this field, a total of 21 095 articles were collected from the Web of Science between 1997 and 2016. According to author affiliations data, we found increasingly closer collaboration has occurred in this network over time. Due to economic development, social attention, and policies supporting science and research, developing countries such as China and Brazil have shown a strong upward tendency towards collaboration since 2001.

However, the development of institutional collaboration reveals imbalance of taxonomic effort and requires careful attention to certain aspects. Several countries have published numerous research articles, whereas most countries have published a small number of papers. Most institutions have tended to collaborate with institutions from same country, neighbouring countries or continent. Some institutions in developing countries (e.g. China) have numerous collaborators, however these institutions only played a modest role in introducing new collaboration between their collaborators. More work needs be done to improve intermediary ability and to reduce the influence of geographical distance.

This study offered a vision for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of institutional collaboration in the insect taxonomy field, and it also suggested further enhancement of institutional collaboration in some weak aspects.
Nonvolatile taste components, nutritional values, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of three wild Chanterelle mushrooms
Authors: Li Xiao , Guo Yan , Zhuang Yongliang , Qin Yuyue , Sun Liping 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe chemical compositions, nonvolatile taste components and nutritional compounds of three wild edible Chanterelle mushrooms (C. cibarius Fr (CcF), C. cinnabarinus schwein (CcS) and C. tubaeformis Fr (CtF)) were evaluated. Results showed Chanterelle mushrooms were good sources of proteins and carbohydrates with low energy. CcS was rich in trehalose in free sugars and glucose in soluble sugars. Monosodium glutamate‐like free amino acids and flavour 5′‐nucleotides indicated Chanterelle mushrooms had good taste. Based on their amino acids compositions and nutrition evaluations, CcF, CcS and CtF were significant sources of amino acids and protein. CtF showed better protein quality than CcF and CcS. Stearic and oleic acids showed high contents in three mushrooms, and higher unsaturated fatty acids were found in CcF. Three mushrooms had high contents of K, Ca and Mg, and low content of Na. Organic acid and phenolic acids of three mushrooms were identified, and antioxidant activities were evaluated.
A feasibility study on using tablet personal computers for self‐reported symptom assessment in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients
Authors: Tang Fiona W.K. , Chan Carmen W.H. , Choy Yin‐Ping , Loong Herbert H.F. , Chow Ka Ming , So Winnie K.W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an innovative tablet‐assisted self‐reported symptom assessment among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients.BackgroundRoutine symptom assessment for lung cancer patients in a fast‐paced clinical environment is demanding. Mobile health technology offers a potential platform for symptom assessment and paves the way for tailored self‐care intervention.DesignA feasibility study using a mixed method design.MethodA convenience sample of 10 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients used tablet personal computers to self‐report common symptoms: dyspnoea, fatigue, pain, and anxiety. A nurse reviewed the assessment results and provided tailored educational interventions. Acceptability was evaluated by the Electronic Self‐Report Assessment‐Cancer. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to explore the patients' perceptions of this symptom assessment method. Data were collected from January to March 2016.ResultsAn Electronic Self‐Report Assessment‐Cancer mean score of 23.5 (SD 2.7) showed moderate acceptance of the assessment method. Participants found this approach user‐friendly and helpful in identifying their symptoms and they gained awareness and better understanding of them.ConclusionTablet‐assisted symptom assessment is a feasible method that can be further tested in busy clinical settings to assess symptom burden and identify individual needs for tailoring symptom management plans.
The changing face of hematopoiesis: a spectrum of options is available to stem cells
Authors: Brown Geoffrey , Tsapogas Panagiotis , Ceredig Rhodri 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor more than 30 years, the scheme whereby bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells give rise to the many different types of blood and immune cells has been represented as a lineage tree diagram. In this model, hematopoietic stem cells follow a preferred route to each of the end‐cell types and gradually restrict their other lineage options via a series of intermediate oligo‐potent progenitors. Recent findings of lineage biases or affiliations within hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that are either pluripotent or uni‐potent show that a continuum of fate options is open to hematopoietic stem cells. These results support the view that in order to close down developmental options, hematopoietic stem cells can make an immediate lineage choice rather than become gradually committed as they progress step‐wise through a series of intermediate progenitors. In this scenario, there is inherent versatility in that developing cells are still able to move sideways to adopt an alternative lineage fate. Here, we examine the information that is leading toward this very different viewpoint of blood cell development.
Improving piezoelectric properties and temperature stability for KNN‐based ceramics sintered in a reducing atmosphere
Authors: Cen Zhenyong , Zhen Yichao , Feng Wei , Zhao Peiyao , Chen Lingling , Zhu Chaoqiong , Wang Xiaohui , Li Longtu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLead‐free 0.955K0.5Na0.5Nb1‐zTazO3‐0.045Bi0.5Na0.5ZrO3+0.4%MnO ceramics (abbreviated as KNNTaz‐0.045BNZ+0.4Mn) were prepared by a conventional solid‐state sintering method in a reducing atmosphere (oxygen partial pressure of 1 × 10−10 atm). All ceramics with a pure perovskite structure show the two‐phase coexistence zone composed of rhombohedral and tetragonal phase. Ta5+ ions substitute for Nb5+ ions on the B‐site, which results in a decrease in the R phase fraction in the two‐phase coexistence zone. The R‐T phase transition temperature moves to room temperature due to the substitution of Nb5+ ions by Ta5+ ions. A complex domain structure composed of small nano‐domains (~70 nm) formed inside large submicron domains (~200 nm) exists in KNNTa0.02‐0.045BNZ+0.4Mn ceramics, which can induce a strong dielectric‐diffused behavior and improve the piezoelectric properties. The temperature stability for the reverse piezoelectric constant for the KNNTaz‐0.045BNZ+0.4Mn ceramics can be improved at z = 0.02. Excellent piezoelectric properties (d33 = 328 pC/N, and = 475 pm/V at Emax = 20 kV/cm) were obtained for the KNNTa0.02‐0.045BNZ+0.4Mn ceramics.
Performance of the newly identified endoparasitoid Cotesia icipe Fernandez‐Triana & Fiaboe on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval)
Authors: Agbodzavu M. K. , Lagat Z. O. , Gikungu M. , Rwomushana I. , Ekesi S. , Fiaboe K. K. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCotesia icipe Fernandez‐Triana & Fiaboe is a solitary koinobiont larval endoparasitoid, recently discovered in Kenya and new to science, that parasitizes select lepidopteran herbivores of amaranth. We investigated its host range on five commonly encountered amaranth lepidopteran defoliators. Cotesia icipe accepted, successfully and aggressively parasitized the amaranth noctuid defoliators Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), but failed to parasitize Herpetogramma bipunctalis (F.), Spoladea recurvalis (F.) and Udea ferrugalis (Hübner) all in Crambidae family. On S. littoralis, C. icipe was highly efficient, with 95% of females successfully ovipositing during 2 hr of exposure. Parasitism rate and larval and pupal non‐reproductive mortalities were significantly higher at higher parasitoid density. A single female of C. icipe parasitized 42.99 ± 2.66% of the 50 exposed larvae for oviposition in 24 hr, whereas a cohort of five females of C. icipe conferred 85.59 ± 1.46% parasitism rate. The efficiency ratio per female was much higher in single releases than in cohort releases while a balanced sex ratio was obtained in F1 offspring regardless of the density of female released. The potential use of C. icipe for conservation and augmentative biological control of S. littoralis in amaranth as well as its potential use against other Noctuid moths and in other commodities is discussed.
Longitudinal Relationship Between Hearing Aid Use and Cognitive Function in Older Americans
Authors: Maharani Asri , Dawes Piers , Nazroo James , Tampubolon Gindo , Pendleton Neil ,   on behalf of the SENSE‐Cog WP1 group
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo test whether hearing aid use alters cognitive trajectories in older adults.DesignUS population‐based longitudinal cohort studySettingData were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which measured cognitive performance repeatedly every 2 years over 18 years (1996–2014).ParticipantsAdults aged 50 and older who who took part in a minimum of 3 waves of the HRS and used hearing aids for the first time between Waves 4 and 11 (N=2,040).MeasurementsCognitive outcomes were based on episodic memory scores determined according to the sum of immediate and delayed recall of 10 words.ResultsHearing aid use was positively associated with episodic memory scores (β=1.53, p<.001). Decline in episodic memory scores was slower after (β=–0.02, p<.001) than before using hearing aids (β=–0.1, p<.001). These results were robust to adjustment for multiple confounders and to attrition, as accounted for using a joint model.ConclusionsHearing aids may have a mitigating effect on trajectories of cognitive decline in later life. Providing hearing aids or other rehabilitative services for hearing impairment much earlier in the course of hearing impairment may stem the worldwide rise of dementia.
Smallholders' demand for and access to private‐sector extension services: A case study of contracted cotton producers in northern Tanzania
Authors: Jensen Peter Fredslund , Prowse Martin , Larsen Marianne Nylandsted 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper examines demand for and access to private‐sector extension services by contracted cotton producers in northern Tanzania. Data from a non‐random survey of 520 smallholders show that only 21.9% received any extension and only 4.6% received extension from the cotton ginnery. Wealthier households were three times more likely to receive extension from any provider. While the public sector remains the main source of extension and is prioritized by smallholders, almost all households demanded extension from firms and are willing to invest 3 days per month mainly for advice on cotton and maize production. The involvement of third parties in the supply of extension from ginneries could not only meet smallholders' demands but could increase cotton supply and repayment rates to the firm, and thus finance the provision of missing extension advice.
Effect of enological tannin addition on astringency subqualities and phenolic content of red wines
Authors: Rinaldi A. , Moio L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFour Italian red wine varieties (Sangiovese, Montepulciano, Barbera, Nero d'Avola) were used to investigate the effect of enological tannins on astringency characteristics and phenolic content of red wines. Wines were treated with three tannins of different origins (G = grape, E= oak, and P = exotic wood) at two concentrations (10, 20 g/hl) and aged for 1 year. Wines were evaluated for astringency and for 16 subqualities using check‐all‐that‐apply questions. In addition, polymeric pigments, tannins, flavans, total anthocyanins, and color parameters were analyzed. Enological tannin promoted color stability by pigmented polymers formation. Astringency intensity was not enhanced, even better an improvement of mouthfeel sensations was achieved with wood‐derived tannins. Multivariate analysis revealed a great influence of the variety on astringency and phenolic characteristics of wines. Therefore, the initial phenolic composition of wine seems to be the main driver of the evolution of wine during aging.Practical applicationsTannin addition is an enological practice widely widespread because of many economical benefits. The use of enological tannins during aging can contribute to color stabilization and to an improvement of astringency subqualities of wines. Training on astringency subqualities with touch standards coupled with the check‐all‐that‐apply questions can provide an interesting way to reveal the different aspects of red wine astringency. Despite high astringency and high phenolic content, a wine may present desirable subqualities which can improve wine experience. Finally, a tailored use of enological tannins depends on wine variety.