bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poverty and mental health: the work of the female sanitary inspectors in Bradford (c. 1901–1912)
Authors: Dale Pamela 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough there are many excellent studies of the work of pioneer women public health officers, few accounts dwell on mental health issues or discuss any relationship that such staff might have understood to exist between poverty and mental health in the early twentieth century. This is a remarkable omission considering that social and feminist historians have highlighted the problems created by the way early practitioners sought to manage poverty and arguably the poor. Drawing on records created by Female Sanitary Inspectors (FSIs) in Bradford, this study chronicles distressing economic and social conditions but also reveals encounters between the staff and people experiencing mental health problems and mental health crises. The ways in which the FSIs chose to both make and deny links between the abject poverty witnessed in the slum districts and cases of mental disorder forms an important strand to the analysis that follows. Interestingly, it is the well-being of the staff that emerges as a persistent and even over-riding concern.
ClusterScan: simple and generalistic identification of genomic clusters
Authors: Volpe Massimiliano , Miralto Marco , Gustincich Stefano , Sanges Remo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Summary
Studies on gene clusters proved to be an excellent source of information to understand genomes evolution and identifying specific metabolic pathways or gene families. Improvements in sequencing methods have resulted in a large increase of sequenced genomes for which cluster annotation could be performed and standardized. Currently available programs are developed to search for specific cluster types and none of them is suitable for a broad range of user-based choices. We have developed ClusterScan which allows identifying clusters of any kind of feature simply based on their genomic coordinates and user-defined categorical annotations.

Availability and implementation
The tool is written in Python, distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and available on Github at http://bit.ly/ClusterScan or as Docker image at sangeslab/clusterscan: latest. It is supported through a mailing-list on http://bit.ly/ClusterScanSupport.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Challenges to fisheries advice and management due to stock recovery
Authors: van Gemert Rob , Andersen Ken H 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuring the 20th century, many large-bodied fish stocks suffered from unsustainable fishing pressure. Now, signs of recovery are appearing among previously overfished large-bodied fish stocks. This new situation raises the question of whether current fisheries advice and management procedures, which were devised and optimized for depleted stocks, are well-suited for the management of recovered stocks. We highlight two challenges for fisheries advice and management: First, recovered stocks are more likely to show density-dependent growth. We show how the appearance of density-dependent growth will make reference points calculated with current procedures inaccurate. Optimal exploitation of recovered large-bodied fish stocks will therefore require accounting for density-dependent growth. Second, we show how a biomass increase of large-bodied piscivorous fish will lead to a reverse trophic cascade, where their increased predation mortality on forage fish reduces forage fish productivity and abundance. The resulting decrease in maximum sustainable yield of forage fish stocks could lead to conflicts between forage and large-piscivore fisheries. Avoiding such conflicts requires that choices are made between the exploitation of interacting fish stocks. Failure to account for the changed ecological state of recovered stocks risks creating new obstacles to sustainable fisheries management.
Logical Mistakes, Logical Aliens, and the Laws of Kant’s Pure General Logic
Authors: Nunez Tyke 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere are two ways interpreters have tended to understand the nature of the laws of Kant’s pure general logic. On the first, these laws are unconditional norms for how we ought to think, and will govern anything that counts as thinking. On the second, these laws are formal criteria for being a thought, and violating them makes a putative thought not a thought. These traditions are in tension, in so far as the first depends on the possibility of thoughts that violate these laws, and the second makes violation impossible. In this essay I develop an interpretation of Kant’s pure general logic that overcomes this tension. It accounts for the possibility of logical mistakes, as the first tradition does, while still establishing the absolute impossibility of logical aliens, as the second tradition does. I then argue that the formalist insight that illogical exercises of the understanding are not alternative ways coherent thoughts could have been, but are mere confusions, is fundamental for achieving a proper understanding of the absolute normativity of the laws of pure general logic.
Canis familiaris tissues are characterized by different profiles of cytokinins typical of the tRNA degradation pathway
Authors: Seegobin Mark , Kisiala Anna , Noble Adam , Kaplan David , Brunetti Craig , Emery R. J. Neil 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTCytokinins (CKs) are a group of phytohormones essential to plant growth and development. The presence of these N6‐modified adenine derivatives has also been documented in other groups of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and insects. Thus far, however, only a single CK, N6‐(Δ2‐isopentenyl) adenine‐9‐riboside (iPR), has been identified in mammals. In plants, the nucleotide form of isopentenyladenine [iPR (mono/di/tri)phosphate (iPRP)] is the first form of CK synthesized, and it is further modified to produce other CK types. To determine whether a similar biosynthesis pathway exists in mammals, we tested for the presence of 27 CKs in a wide selection of canine organs using HPLC electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry. Seven forms of CK were detected in the majority of the analyzed samples, including iPR, iPRP, cis‐zeatin‐9‐riboside, cis‐zeatin‐9‐riboside‐5′ (mono/di/tri)phosphate, 2‐methylthio‐N6‐isopentenyladenine, 2‐methylthio‐N6‐isopentenyladenosine, and 2‐methylthiozeatin. Total CK concentrations ranged from 1.96 pmol/g fresh weight (adrenal glands) to 1.40 × 103 pmol/g fresh weight (thyroid). The results of this study provide evidence that mammalian cells, like plant cells, can synthesize and process a diverse set of CKs including cis‐ and methylthiol‐type CKs.—Seegobin, M., Kisiala, A., Noble, A., Kaplan, D., Brunetti, C., Emery, R. J. N. Canis familiaris tissues are characterized by different profiles of cytokinins typical of tRNA degradation pathway. FASEB J. 32, 6575–6581 (2018). www.fasebj.org
Using “Breakout Boxes” for Pharmacology Review
Authors: Berndt Jodi Lisbeth 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The “Breakout Boxes” activity is an interactive teaching strategy in which students work in teams to solve puzzles. By unlocking boxes that hold additional clues for opening more boxes, students eventually solve the puzzle. The aim of this study was to gain insight on student perceptions of the use of Breakout Boxes as an active learning strategy in nursing education and determine if it should be used in future courses. Thirty-nine students who participated in the Breakout Boxes activity agreed that the use of the strategy was fun and suggested that it be used in future courses.
Prevalence and Natural Course of Transverse Ligament of the Atlas Calcification in Asymptomatic Healthy Individuals
Authors: Anno Masato , Oshima Yasushi , Taniguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Kato So , Soma Kazuhito , Oka Hiroyuki , Hayashi Naoto , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: June 2018

Study Design.A retrospective cross-sectional study.Objective.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and natural course of calcification of the transverse ligament of the atlas (TLA) in healthy subjects and to investigate the relationship between the calcified lesion and clinical factors.Summary of Background Data.The prevalence and etiology of TLA calcification in healthy individuals remain uncertain.Methods.We enrolled 1136 participants undergoing computed tomography (CT) scans in their routine medical checkups. The calcified lesion of the TLA was classified into two types: type 1, thin calcifications (<2 mm) and type 2, curvilinear lesions (>2 mm). We evaluated the natural course of the lesion and compared each clinical variable among subjects with and without TLA calcifications after adjusting for age and sex using propensity score matching techniques.Results.TLA calcification was present in 40 participants (3.5%; 31 males and 9 females; mean age, 65.3 years), and the frequency increased with age (P = 0.001). Both types 1 and 2 calcifications were observed in 26 (65%) and 14 cases (35%), with mean ages of 63.0 and 69.4 years (P = 0.033), respectively. Of these, 37 (93%) underwent another medical checkup afterward, and the morphological changes were further assessed. Five cases (14%) showed enlargement [one case (4%) in type 1vs. four cases (33%) in type 2], whereas six cases (16%) had disappearance or decrease [six cases (24%) in type 1vs. 0 cases in type 2, which was statistically significant (P = 0.019)]. A one-to-one propensity score matching analysis revealed no significant differences in clinical variables among subjects with and without TLA calcifications.Conclusion.The prevalence of the TLA calcification was not rare in normal subjects. Our results suggest that the calcified lesion could be morphologically changed on a yearly basis and may be associated with the normal aging process.Level of Evidence:3
Vertebral Augmentation is Superior to Nonoperative Care at Reducing Lower Back Pain for Symptomatic Osteoporotic Compression Fractures
Authors: Pourtaheri Sina , Luo William , Cui Christina , Garfin Steven 
Published: June 2018

Study Design:
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective:
This study’s goal was to (i) assess the clinical outcomes with and without vertebral augmentation (VA) for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) with versus without correlating signs and symptoms; and (ii) acute (symptoms <3 mo duration) and subacute VCFs (3–6 mo duration) versus chronic VCFs (>6 mo).

Summary of Background Data:
Previously, a randomized controlled trial in the New England Journal of Medicine concluded that vertebroplasty for osteoporotic VCFs provided no clinical benefit over sham surgery. However, the VCFs examined had no clinical correlation with symptom, physical examination, or imaging (magnetic resonance imaging/bone scan) findings. Nonetheless, the randomized controlled trial resulted in a reduction in VA performed in the United States. Currently, no consensus exists on VA versus nonoperative care for symptomatic VCFs (SVFs).

Materials and Methods:
A literature search was conducted for studies on VA and conservative management for VCFs. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. The primary outcome was improvement in lower back pain visual analog score. SVFs were defined as radiographic VCF with clinical correlation. Radiographic-alone VCF (RVF) was defined as radiographic VCF without clinical correlation.

Results:
Thirteen studies totaling 1467 patients with minimum 6-month follow-up were found. Pain reduction was greater with VA over conservative management for SVFs (P<0.000001) and equivalent for RVFs (P=0.22). Subanalysis for acute/subacute SVFs and chronic SVFs showed that VA was superior to nonoperative care (P=0.0009 and 0.04, respectively). No difference was observed in outcomes between VA and nonoperative care for chronic RVF (P=0.22).

Conclusions:
VA is superior to nonoperative care in reducing lower back pain for osteoporotic VCFs with correlating signs and symptoms. VA had no benefit over nonoperative care for chronic VCFs that lacked clinical correlation. Lower back pain has many etiologies and patients should be clinically assessed before recommending VA.
Periadnexal Nerve Hyperplasia: A Reactive Histopathological Feature and an Incidental Finding After Surgical Excision and Scar Formation
Authors: Lobato-Berezo Alejandro , Moreno-Romero Juan Antonio , Campoy-Sánchez Antonio , Pujol Ramon M. , Pérez-Muñoz Noelia , Fernández-Figueras María Teresa 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:
Cutaneous nerve hyperplasia is characterized by the presence of increased and hypertrophic myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers in the dermis. We report a case of periadnexal nerve hyperplasia as an asymptomatic and infrequent reactive histopathological change, with no associated risk of malignancy that can be seen in scars, in patients with no syndromic stigmata.
“Pigmented Extramammary Paget Disease”—A Potential Mimicker of Malignant Melanoma and a Pitfall in Diagnosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kiavash Katrin , Kim Steve , Thompson Andrew D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepithelial carcinoma and an uncommon variant of Paget disease affecting areas of the apocrine-rich skin of the perineum, vulva, and less commonly, axilla. Women in their sixth to eighth decades are commonly affected. It is exceedingly rare for EMPD to present on the face, chest, abdomen, or other nonapocrine sites and even more unusual for EMPD to present as a pigmented lesion. The relationship between Paget cells in pigmented extramammary Paget disease (PEMPD) and reactive proliferation and colonization by melanocytes has been poorly explored. The relevance of this rare entity resides in its potential to be misdiagnosed clinically and histopathologically as malignant melanoma in situ. Therefore, application of a panel of immunostains and careful analysis and interpretation of these findings are essential to arrive at the correct diagnosis. We report a new case of PEMPD on a nonapocrine site. The specimen was examined by routine microscopy including hematoxylin and eosin stain as well as immunostains. Histologic examination revealed characteristic features of PEMPD confirmed with immunohistochemical stains.
Clostridium difficile co-infection in inflammatory bowel disease is associated with significantly increased in-hospital mortality
Authors: Rezapour Mona , Galoosian Artin , Liu Benny , Bhuket Taft , Wong Robert J. 
Published: June 2018

Objective
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with Clostridium difficile co-infection (CDCI) have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We aim to evaluate the impact of CDCI on in-hospital outcomes among adults with IBD hospitalized in the USA.

Patients and methods
Using the 2007–2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, hospitalizations among US adults with Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and CDCI were identified using ICD-9 coding. Hospital charges, hospital length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital mortality was stratified by CD and UC and compared using χ
2-testing and Student’s t-test. Predictors of hospital charges, LOS, and in-hospital mortality were evaluated with multivariate regression models and were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, year, insurance status, hospital characteristics, and CDCI.

Results
Among 224 500 IBD hospitalizations (174 629 CD and 49 871 UC), overall prevalence of CDCI was 1.22% in CD and 3.41% in UC. On multivariate linear regression, CDCI was associated with longer LOS among CD [coefficient: 5.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.61–5.99, P<0.001] and UC (coefficient 4.08, 95% CI: 3.54–4.62, P<0.001). Higher hospital charges associated with CDCI were seen among CD (coefficient: $35 720, 95% CI: $30 041–$41 399, P<0.001) and UC (coefficient: $26 009, 95% CI: $20 970–$31 046, P<0.001). On multivariate logistic regression, CDCI was associated with greater risk of in-hospital mortality (CD: odds ratio: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.94–3.87, P<0.001; UC: OR: 5.50, 95% CI: 3.83–7.89, P<0.001).

Conclusion
Among US adults with CD and UC related hospitalizations, CDCI is associated with significantly greater in-hospital mortality and greater healthcare utilization.
The Accuracy of Pancreatic Perfusion Computed Tomography and Angiography in Predicting Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Smeets Xavier J.N.M. , Litjens Geke , Gijsbers Kim , Prokop Mathias , Drenth Joost P.H. , Hermans John , van Geenen Erwin J.M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Early prediction of necrotizing pancreatitis is important for tailoring treatment, but current scoring systems have moderate accuracy and can be calculated only 24 to 48 hours after disease onset. Evaluation of (micro)circulatory changes in acute pancreatitis at admission by perfusion computed tomography (PCT) or angiography could predict necrosis earlier. Our aim was to systematically review the evidence for angiographic and PCT prediction of necrotizing pancreatitis. We performed a systematic review and searched MEDLINE and Embase. We included cohort studies addressing pancreatic perfusion for prognostication of severity of acute pancreatitis and assessed study quality with a tool specific for diagnostic accuracy studies. Six prospective cohorts with 334 patients were included. Sensitivity of PCT for predicting necrosis ranged from 71% to 100% and specificity from 74% to 100%. The only study directly comparing PCT and angiography found a similar sensitivity (100%) but higher specificity for PCT (90% vs 72%). The included studies had moderate quality. Current studies consistently demonstrate excellent sensitivity and specificity of PCT for early prediction of necrosis. The performance found in our review should be confirmed in larger prospective cohorts as published studies have moderate quality. Furthermore, it should be investigated whether early PCT improves disease course.
An Array of Bioactive Compounds From Australian Eucalypts and Their Relevance in Pancreatic Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Bhuyan Deep Jyoti , Vuong Quan V. , Chalmers Anita C. , Bowyer Michael C. , Scarlett Christopher J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most devastating human cancers, and despite the significant advances in the current therapeutic options, the overall survival rate for PC has remained static for the past 50 years. Plant-derived bioactive compounds play a vital role in cancer therapeutics by providing new lead compounds for future drug development. Therefore, the isolation, characterization, and identification of new bioactive compounds for the prevention and treatment of cancer continue to be an important aspect of natural product research. Many in vitro and in vivo studies published in the last few decades have established strong links between the phytochemical profile of eucalypts and anticancer activity. However, only a small number of these reports have attempted to demonstrate a relationship between the biological activity of eucalypt extracts and PC. This review focuses on potential anti-PC effects of an array of bioactive compounds present in various species of eucalypts. It also highlights the necessity for further in vitro and in vivo studies to develop a complete understanding of the potential this group of plants has for the development of potent and specific chemotherapeutic drugs for PC.
Improving Disaster Preparedness of Families With a Parenteral Nutrition–dependent Child
Authors: Toor Khadija T. , Burke Rita V. , Demeter Natalie E. , Upperman Jeffrey S. , Merritt Russell J. , Wee Choo Phei , Goodhue Catherine J. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:Disruption in the care of special healthcare needs children may lead to life‐threatening situations or preventable secondary conditions. California averages more than 100 earthquakes per week. Subsequent power outages, damage to utility systems, and road damage after an earthquake can have grave consequences for families with parenteral nutrition (PN)‐dependent children. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate that we could improve disaster preparedness of families with PN‐dependent children utilizing individualized family education and distribution of personalized disaster survival toolkits.Methods:We administered a baseline survey to assess disaster preparedness of our families with PN‐dependent children followed by individualized disaster survival toolkit distribution and education. We followed up with these families with phone call surveys at 2 and 4 months. A generalized estimating equation with both logistic and linear regression was used to analyze data over the follow‐up period.Results:We found statistically significant improvements in developing a family emergency plan (P < 0.0001), having a basic emergency supply kit (P < 0.0001), having a completed emergency information form from the child's provider (P < 0.0001), and the confidence level or readiness for a disaster (P < 0.0001). All participants had extra batteries for PN infusion pumps. Having alternative power sources, such as a generator, did not significantly change over time.Conclusions:Individualized disaster education helped families with PN‐dependent children not only to prepare for a possible earthquake, but also to feel more confident in their ability to handle a natural disaster.
Association Between Infliximab Drug and Antibody Levels and Therapy Outcome in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Ungar Bella , Glidai Yoav , Yavzori Miri , Picard Orit , Fudim Ella , Lahad Avishay , Haberman Yael , Shouval Dror S. , Weintraub Ilana , Eliakim Rami , Ben‐Horin Shomron , Weiss Batia 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:While infliximab pharmacokinetics are associated with therapy outcome in adult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population, limited data are available in pediatric patients. We aimed to define the relationship between infliximab trough and antibodies’ levels (IFX‐TL, ATI) and clinical, biomarker remission.Methods:IFX‐TL and ATI were routinely obtained between 2011 and 2017. Associations with clinical and inflammatory (C‐reactive protein, CRP) end‐points were studied throughout the first year of infliximab therapy.Results:A total of 63 patients (50 Crohn disease, 13 ulcerative colitis, median follow‐up 16 months, median 8 samples/patient) were included, and 773 sera‐samples were analyzed. Sera of patients in clinical remission had higher median IFX‐TLs than sera of those with active disease (4 vs 2.25 μg/mL, P < 0.0001). In addition, patients with normal CRP had a higher median IFX‐TL than those with elevated CRP (P = 0.02). Moreover, IFX‐TL > 9.2 μg/mL at week 2 predicted clinical remission by week 14 (sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 81.2%, area under curve (AUC) = 0.73, P = 0.02) and IFX‐TL > 2.2 μg/mL at week 6 predicted infliximab retention beyond 1 year of treatment (sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 100.0%, AUC = 0.974, P < 0.0001).Conclusions:A significant association between IFX‐TL and ATI and clinical and biomarker remission status in pediatric IBD patients was demonstrated, including a temporal association between week 2, 6 levels and outcome of induction and between week 6 and 14 levels and remission at 1 year of therapy. These findings suggest that therapeutic drug monitoring may be considered for management guidance among pediatric IBD patients.