bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Analysis of Yersinia pestis Strains of Medieval Biovar, Isolated in Precaspian North-Western Steppe Plague Focus in the XX Century
Authors: Eroshenko G. A. , Popov N. V. , Al’khova Zh. V. , Balykova A. N. , Kukleva L. M. , Kutyrev V. V. 
Published: July 2019

Objective of the study – comparative phylogenetic analysis of Yersinia pestis strains, isolated in Precaspian North-Western steppe focus in 1924–1926, 1972, and 1986–1990 to understand the causes of focal reactivation during different time periods of the XX century.Materials and methods. The work included 30 strains of Yersinia pestis from Precaspian North-Western steppe natural focus and adjacent plague foci. Whole genome sequencing of eight Y. pestis strains from the former was carried out. Also whole-genome sequences of 16 strains from neighboring natural foci were used. Whole-genome sequencing of Y. pestis strains was conducted in Ion PGM system (Life technologies). SNPs search across the core genome was performed using software package Wombac 2.0. Tree diagram Maximum Likelihood, HKU85 model, was constructed to analyze phylogenetic relations.Results and discussion. It is established that in early XX century (1924–1926), strains of phylogenetic branches 2.MED4 and 2.MED1, belonging to medieval biovar, main subspecies, circulated on Ergenin Upland in the Precaspian North-Western steppe natural focus. Later on they became extinct in the territory. It is shown that the strains, isolated on Ergenin Upland in 1972, constituted a common subcluster on the dendrogram with the strains from low-mountain and piedmont plague foci of Caucasus and Transcaucasia, dated the same time period. It was inferred that epizootic manifestations on Ergenin upland in 1972, after a long recess since 1938, were caused by importation of Y. pestis strains from low-mountain natural plague foci of Caucasus and Transcaucasia. It was noted that expansion of Caucasian strains was of short-term character, and plague infected animals have not been found on Ergenin Upland since 1974 (including modern period). It is established that Y. pestis strains isolated in the eastern part of Precaspian North-Western steppe focus between 1986 and 1990, do not have close genetic relation to the strains that circulated on Ergenin Upland in 1924–1926 and 1972. It is determined that each epizootic period (1913–1938 and 1972–1973) in Precaspian North-Western steppe natural focus culminated in the elimination of the circulating Y. pestis strains and rehabilitation of the focal territory.
Determinan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi dalam Pemenuhan Kewajiban Perpajakannya di Lembaga Pendidikan Yayasan Swasta Katolik
Authors: Fau Masihaena , - Sarwani , - Kadir 
Published: July 2019

<p><em>This study aimed to give empirical evidences about the effect of knowledge of taxes, taxes sanction, taxes service quality, and administration system/taxes policy to the taxpayer complience . The population in this study was 508 employees who </em><em>are taxpayers</em><em> in </em><em>three catholic Private Education Foundations in </em><em>Banjarmasin, Sibolga and Nias. The Foundation</em><em>s</em><em> were Anawim, Santa Maria Bunda Berbelas Kasih and Santa Maria Gracia, The data </em><em>were </em><em>collected from the output of questionnaires which </em><em>were </em><em>give</em><em>n</em><em> to the respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with 251 samples.</em></p><em>The results showed that there was a positive effect of knowledge of taxation, taxation sanctions and tax service quality on taxpayer compliance because of having knowledge but because they did not have the background in taxation knowledge and also strict taxation sanctions and good service quality affected taxpayer compliance in fulfilling their obligations while the administration system / tax policy does not affect the responsibility of the taxpayer because it directly does not feel the benefits directly and also feels it has been obedient because it has been cut directly by the treasurer so that it ignores the annual SPT report which is a WP obligation.</em>
Tax Avoidance Sebagai Latar Belakang Dalam Memanfaatkan Tax Deductible Expense (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI)
Authors: Oktariani Fitri , Lembut Putu Indrajaya 
Published: July 2019

<em><span lang="EN-US">This study aims to test and prove empirically the effect of tax avoidance on the cost of debt. The research population is a company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a sample of companies in the manufacturing category during 2012 to 2017, which is as many as 50 sample companies. Sampling uses purposive sampling and the data analysis method used is a simple linear regression method. The results of this study prove that tax avoidance has a positive effect on the cost of debt. Based on the results of testing this study, it can be concluded that the company will always use a tax deductible expense in its efforts to conduct tax avoidance regardless of the tax rate that has been imposed by the government.</span><span lang="EN-US">Thus, the government should consider further policies by focusing more on regulating the recognition of tax deductible expenses, rather than issuing a policy of reducing back rates, especially for corporate taxpayers. </span></em>
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Medication Abortion and associated factors among reproductive age women in selected sexual and reproductive Health clinics of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018: Cross sectional study
Authors: Wassie Addisu Yeshambel , Lemlem Semarya Berhe , Boka Abdisa , Gelaw Kelemu Abebe 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Abortion rates following unintended pregnancies is increasing in developing countries and unsafe abortion is commonly neglected reproductive health care problem. In Ethiopia, the number of women receiving treatment for complications from unsafe abortion nearly doubled from 2008-2014. Medication abortion is one of the safest abortion interventions. Adequate level of knowledge and attitude of reproductive age woman on medication abortion contributes to prevention of unsafe abortion.

Objective

Knowledge, attitude and practice of medication abortion and associated factors among reproductive age women in selected SRH clinics of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018.

Method

A cross-sectional quantitative study design was conducted to collect data from study participants in sexual and reproductive health clinics of Addis Ababa from February–March 30, 2018. Study participants were selected through systematic random sampling. The data was coded and entered into Epi data version 4.2 and SPSS version 23 was used for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analysis with 95% CI was employed. Variables found to have a P-value<0.2 in the binary logistic regression were entered into multivariate analysis and strength of association was declared at P value<0.05.

Results

The overall knowledge, attitude and practice of medication abortion were 72.1%, 44.2% and 33% respectively. Majority (36.5%) of the study participants would advise someone with unwanted pregnancy to undergo an abortion. Participants level of education (2ndry education((AOR=3.54, 95% CI[1.02, 12.26]), college/university(AOR=3.49, 95% CI[1.02, 11.92])), father education(up to 2ndry education(AOR=2.03, 95% CI [1.01, 4.10], college/university(AOR=2.80, 95% CI[1.42, 5.52]), income(AOR=2.19, 95% CI[1.02, 4.75]) and history of unwanted pregnancy(AOR=11.7, 95% CI(1.11, 12.46]) were some of the factors associated with medication abortion.

Conclusion and recommendations

this study provided that women were relatively knowledgeable but their attitude and practice on medication abortion is low. Low attitude and practice of medication abortion calls health care providers giving due attention on awareness creation and strengthened action to provide quality of maternal care for childbearing mothers towards medication abortion and unsafe abortion in particular.
EFFECT OF FLUORIDE VARNISH APPLICATION ON PRIMARY DENTITION AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN DHARAN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Agrawal Santosh Kumari , Shrestha Ashish , Bhagat Tarakant 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease which starts with microbiological shift within the complex biofilm and is affected by salivary flow and its composition, exposure to fluoride, consumption of dietary sugars, and by preventive behaviors (cleaning teeth). Topical application of fluoride varnish on the tooth surface prevent the dissolution rates of tooth materials and increase the re-precipitation of lost minerals. The objective of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of fluoride varnish application in primary dentition among preschool children at high risk of dental caries.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with two parallel group, comprising 3-5 year old children, 100 in each group (Fluoride varnish/FV or Placebo varnish/PV). Oral examination of children was performed using mouth mirror and WHO probe. Dental caries was recorded at baseline, three and six months using Caries Assessment and Treatment Instrument (CAST) scoring system. Analysis was done using chi-square test for categorical data, Mann-Whitney U test, independent t test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for quantitative data. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: Overall, dental caries progression from baseline to 3 month and 6 month was more in PV group children than FV (38.98% and 31.3% respectively). At the end of the study, the overall caries incidence was 28.24%. The proportion of children with new caries lesions was more in PV group than that in the FV group at every three months interval. The difference between the groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). FV treatment once in six months had better treatment effect with preventive fraction of 62.1% in comparison to three months (59.0%).
Conclusion: Dental caries can be prevented effectively by use of 5% sodium fluoride varnish. It is efficacious when applied twice a year in children at high risk of dental caries.
Trial Registration: CTRI/2016/02/006659 (Reg. date: 18/02/2016) Trial Registered Retrospectively
Key Words: Dental caries, Fluoride varnish, Primary dentition, Randomized controlled trial
Prospective study on the effect of abdominal hypertension on intestinal mucosal barrier injury during laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Yang Yong , kang Xin , Yang Xingjian , Hu Yi , Chen Rong , Xu Lin , Zhou YU , Zhao Liangsong , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective Prolonged and high intraperitoneal pressure may lead to impaired intestinal mucosal blood perfusion, increase the risk of surgery and complications, and affect the postoperative recovery of patients. However, the literature reports on the effect of abdominal hypertension on gastrointestinal function mainly focus on animal experiments, and there are few clinical reports. Our study intends to explore the effect of increased CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure during laparoscopy on intestinal mucosal barrier injury. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 180 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu from October 2017 to March 2018. A randomized，single-blind，controlled study was performed in the 180 patients who were allocated into the 10 mmHg group(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)，12 mmHg group and 15 mmHg group based on a random number table and setting value of intraoperative CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure (10 mmHg，12 mmHg and 15 mmHg)．Main observation indexes such as intraoperative conditions and postoperative recovery were recorded, and the results of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), D-lactic acid, blood endotoxin levels，plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity were detected. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (x+S), and one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups. The measurement data with non-normal distribution are represented by M (QR) and non-parametric test is adopted, count data were presented as the n(%), and comparison among groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Results 180 patients were screened out, 60 patients in each group. Eight patients dropped out during the study (2 in 10 mmHg group, 1 in 12 mmHg group and 5 in 15 mmHg group). All patients in the three groups were cured and discharged without bleeding, secondary bile duct stones, bile leakage and reoperation. There was no significant difference in serum TNF-a, IL-1, D-lactic acid, endotoxin level and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) among the three groups after operation (P>0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery under 15 mmHg CO2 pneumoperitoneum did not cause intestinal mucosal barrier damage, and the operation under the pneumoperitoneum was safe and reliable.Registry number of ChiCTR1900023936.
Effects of a community physical activity program on the number of antihypertensive drugs used by elderly women with arterial hypertension: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa de , Santos Rafaela Gomes , Gomes Ariádny Brandão , Santos Douglas Assis Teles , Andrade Marília Santos , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Physical exercise is an important tool to manage systemic arterial hypertension. However, less is known about the effect of physical exercise on the number of antihypertensive drugs used by older adults.

Objectives

The aim was to compare the number of antihypertensive drugs used by older female adults with a low level of physical activity with the number used by those with a high level of physical activity, and to verify how many participants used more than two antihypertensive drugs.

Methods

Twenty-eight physically active older women with systemic arterial hypertension who participated in a physical activity program for community-dwelling older female adults were divided into two groups: participants that presented lower habitual physical activity levels were placed in group 1 and participants that presented higher habitual physical activity levels were placed in group 2, according to the Baecke questionnaire. In addition, the number of antihypertensive drugs used by participants was collected.

Results

The number of ingested antihypertensive tablets was 2.0 (median) for both groups investigated. There was no significant difference between groups regarding the number of antihypertensive tablets ingested (p>0.05). Although there was no statistical difference, a higher proportion of participants from the lower physical activity group used more than two antihypertensive drugs.

Conclusions

The level of habitual physical activity did not affect the number of antihypertensive tablets used by hypertensive women.
Readmission Reasons of Senile Patients Hospitalized with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in Different Department: A Retrospective Study
Authors: zhao zhiying , Jin Jing , Sheng Yong , Yu Rong , Cheng Biao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

-The readmission reasons for senile patients hospitalized in different wards with acute decompensated heart failure are not well known.

Method

-We conducted a retrospective study of senile patients admitted to the People’s Hospital of Sichuan Province in a one-year period. Patients suffered with heart failure were identified from the hospital administrative database. Chart reviews were carried out to explore 30-day readmission reasons. Descriptive statistics were utilized to compare the patients and hospital characteristics among different wards. Student’s t-test was used for normally distributed continuous variables, chi-square for categorical variables.

Results

-Of all the hospitalization cases (3922), 1316 patients with heart failure were rehospitalized, among which 893 were admitted to geriatric department. The readmission rate was 33.55%. The top 10 reasons for rehospitalization in geriatric department were AECOPD (18.5%), hypertension (15.5%), hypertensive heart disease (13.3%),pneumonia (10.5%), coronary artery disease(7.0%), acute coronary syndrome(11.3%), dementia (6.8%), PAD (3.25%), stroke (2.2%), cancer/valvular heart disease (1.4%).The top 10 reasons in other departments were stroke (32.5%), AECOPD (10.7%), pneumonia (10.0%), coronary artery disease(6.8%),CKD (5.9%), cancer(5.7%), hypertensive heart disease (4.8%), dementia (4.6%), valvular heart disease (3.3%), DCM (2.6%). Geriatric department tended to receive more senile patients than other wards, and had longer days of hospitalization(24.38±5.228 vs15.65±5.907), however, the cost among different wards was of no difference (31345.53±1343.354 vs 30868.49±2241.292). In terms of discharge disposition, 98.95% patients in geriatric department were discharged straight to home, ‘which was statistically higher than that of other wards (86.68%).

Conclusion

-This study shows the prevailing reasons for readmission of senile patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. Long term or short term care is summoned in China.
Reflexões sobre a responsabilidade civil do cirurgião-dentista
Authors: Colucci Neto Victor 
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho parte da teoria geral da responsabilidade civil no direito brasileiro e da apresentação dos seus conceitos principais, na sequência analisa o enquadramento da responsabilidade civil específica dos dentistas, a natureza da obrigação assumida pelo profissional perante os pacientes e expõe as possíveis implicações em casos de desempenho da atividade profissional com imprudência, negligência ou imperícia. Apresenta-se ainda uma análise de julgados realizados pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo nestes primeiros meses do ano 2019 e demonstra a importância da evolução e aprofundamento da pesquisa do tema no sentido de se buscar uma maior segurança jurídica quanto a controvérsias relevantes, notadamente sobre o enquadramento das obrigações como sendo de meio ou de resultado.Descritores: Odontólogos; Responsabilidade Civil; Relações Dentista-Paciente.ReferênciasCavalieri Filho S. Programa de Responsabilidade Civil. 11. Ed. São Paulo: Atlas; 2014.Brasil. Código de Processo Civil (2015). Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro. Brasília, DF: Senado, 2015.Bittar CA. Reparação Civil por Danos Morais, São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais; 1993.Reis C. Avaliação do Dano Moral, 3. ed., Rio de Janeiro: Forense; 2000.Gagliano PS, Pamplona Filho R. Novo Curso de Direito Civil, volume 3: responsabilidade Civil. 14. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva; 2016.Venosa SS. Direito Civil – Parte Geral. São Paulo: Atlas; 2003.Brasil. Lei nº. 8.078, de 11 de setembro de 1990. Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Dispõe sobre a proteção do consumidor e dá outras providências. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ ccivil_03/Leis/L8078.htm.Godoy CLB. Responsabilidade civil pelo risco da atividade. 2. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2010.Diniz MH. Curso de direito civil brasileiro. 16. ed. atual. de acordo com o novo Código Civil. São Paulo: Saraiva; 2002. v. 7.Dias JA. Da Responsabilidade Civil. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Forense; 1979.Farias CC, Rosenvald N. Direito Civil - Teoria Geral. Rio de Janeiro: Lúmen Júris; 2007.Brasil. Constituição Federal de 1988. Promulgada em 5 de outubro de 1988. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituição.htmTartuce F. Direito Civil: Direito das Obrigações e Responsabilidade Civil, 11. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Forense; 2016.v.2Conselho Federal de Odontologia. Resolução n. 63, de 18/4/2005. Aprova a consolidação das normas para procedimentos em conselhos de odontologia. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Poder Executivo, Brasília, DF, Seção 1, 19/04/2005 p. 104Kfouri Neto M. Responsabilidade civil do médico: responsabilidade civil do dentista, completo ementário cível e criminal, jurisprudência do CRM e planos de saúde, acórdãos cíveis na íntegra. Imprenta: São Paulo, Revista dos Tribunais; 2003.Zuliani ES. Questões atuais da responsabilidade civil. ADV – Seleções Jurídicas. São Paulo: COAD, p. 3-34, ago-2004.Stoco R. Tratado de Responsabilidade Civil. Doutrina e Jurisprudência. 9. ed. São Paulo: Revista dos Tribunais; 2013.v.1.
Modeling soil salinization at the downstream of a lowland reservoir
Authors: Wu Xia , Xia Jun , Zhan Chesheng , Jia Ruiliang , Li Yang , Qiao Yunfeng , Zou Lei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSoil salinization is a crucial issue in arid and semi-arid regions, especially for reservoir-based irrigation systems. In this study, the HYDRUS-1D model was used to investigate soil salinity resulting from seepage from a lowland reservoir in Xinjiang province, China. After successfully developing a model to simulate field observations, it was used to evaluate four hypothetical scenarios with different groundwater (GW) salinities and depths to GW. The model was calibrated, validated, and run for scenarios with periods of 367, 363, and 436 days. Root mean square error values of soil water and soil salinity ranged from 0.000 to 0.053 cm3/cm3 and 0.56 to 5.66 g/L, respectively, during calibration, and from 0.009 to 0.039 cm3/cm3 and 1.86 to 7.52 g/L, respectively, during validation. The results indicate that soil salinity downstream of the reservoir depends strongly on the depth to the GW level, while GW salinity has a much smaller impact. Controlling leakage from lowland reservoirs to avoid rising GW levels is therefore important to minimize soil salinization. These findings are generally useful for lowland reservoir design and construction, and for irrigation management in arid regions.
Potensi Makanan Tradisional Kue Kolombeng Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Harsana Minta , Baiquni Muhammad , Harmayani Eni , Widyaningsih Yulia Arisnani 
Published: July 2019

Perkembangan industri pariwisata dapat memberikan peluang bagi berkembangnya produk-produk wisata, termasuk kuliner di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Tingginya perkembangan industri pariwisata, memberikan peluang yang sangat besar bagi masyarakatnya, untuk ikut berpartisipasi dalam pembangunan pariwisata, khususnya wisata kuliner yang saat ini masih sangat terbatas jumlahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan makanan tradisional sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Kuliner di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan teori Daya tarik Wisata dari Damanik dan Weber, (keunikan, originalitas, otentisitas, dan keragaman).Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa makanan tradisional Kue Kolombeng merupakan suatu produk yang berdaya tarik wisata. Daya tarik wisata pada Makanan Tradisional Kolombeng adalah karena makanan Tradisional ini memiliki keunikan, originalitas, otentisitas, dan keragaman. Keunikan dapat dilihat dari adanya kombinasi kelangkaan dan kekhasan yang melekat pada makanan tradisional Kue Kolombeng. Originalitas makanan tradisional tergambar dari keaslian bahan makanan tradisional dengan tetap mempertahankan bahan baku lokal asli dan proses dengan ,juga menggambarkan otentisitasnya, keragaman mengarah pada variasi bentuk dan nama.