bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered expression of CD39 on memory regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Jin Xi , Zhang Chenghui , Gong Lina , Li Huifang , Wang Yan , Li Qin , Li Hong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from an attack by autoreactive T lymphocytes against pancreatic islet β‐ cells. In recent studies, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in the process of T1D. Furthermore, cluster of differentiation 39 (CD39), which is involved in the suppression of inflammation, has been shown to be expressed on Tregs. However, the pathological importance of CD39 to the memory Treg population remains unclear.MethodsThis study investigated Treg subsets, focusing on resting, effector, and memory Tregs, and determined CD39 expression on Tregs. In addition, changes in Treg subsets and Treg‐associated cytokine secretion after CD3/CD28 stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated in diabetic patients and healthy controls. The suppressive function of Tregs was measured using the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) test.ResultsThere was a higher percentage of memory Tregs in T1D patients than healthy controls. However, Tregs in T1D patients showed impaired suppression, with low forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression and low serum interleukin (IL)‐10 levels. Furthermore, CD39 expression on Tregs, and on memory Tregs in particular, was lower in T1D patients than healthy controls. After stimulation, the percentage of resting Tregs was decreased and that of effector/memory Tregs was increased in both healthy controls and T1D patients, but CD39 expression on effector/memory Tregs was still lower and there was no increase in IL‐10 secretion in T1D patients.ConclusionsThe defective suppressive function of Tregs in T1D patients is due to lower expression of CD39 on memory Tregs.
Identifying Nursing Diagnosis Patterns in Three Intensive Care Units Using Network Analysis
Authors: Moon Mikyung 
Published: October 2018

PURPOSEThis study aimed to analyze the patterns of nursing diagnoses used in three different types of intensive care units (ICUs) using network analysis.METHODSA secondary analysis was conducted using clinical datasets of 582 patients. Frequency, degree/betweenness centrality, and subgroup analysis were performed.FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONSThe findings illuminated core nursing diagnoses with high centrality as well as high frequency. The centrality analysis identified the differences between and unique characteristics of each ICU. The subgroup analysis revealed the nursing problem groups related to the specific nursing care delivered to ICU patients.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICETheses results provide a knowledge base to aid ICU nurses' prompt decision making regarding nursing diagnoses.
Sustainable close encounters: integrating tourist and animal behaviour to improve rhinoceros viewing protocols
Authors: Muntifering J. R. , Linklater W. L. , Naidoo R. , !Uri‐≠Khob S. , Preez P. D. , Beytell P. , Jacobs S. , Knight A. T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTourism may benefit conservation, but some wildlife viewing practices threaten the sustainability of both business and conservation initiatives. In north‐west Namibia, conservation‐oriented tourism provides tourists with an opportunity to encounter the critically‐endangered black rhinocerosDiceros bicornison foot. We used 123 tourist‐rhinoceros encounters and employed a statistical modeling approach to: (1) identify the characteristics of human‐rhinoceros encounters that caused rhinoceros disturbance and displacement; and (2) design rhinoceros‐human encounter guidelines that improve sustainability. A model‐averaging, information‐theoretic approach identified tourist approach distance, viewing time and individual encounter exposure as the most significant predictors of rhinoceros disturbance level. A suite of rhinoceros viewing scenarios were modeled for acceptable disturbance risks, and adopted as a rhinoceros viewing policy. The policy reduced encounter displacements by 80% while maintaining a 95% positive feedback rating from guests. We demonstrate an evidence‐based, policy‐oriented management approach can help improve tourism's contribution towards the conservation of an endangered species.
Complete state‐wide outcomes in elective colon cancer surgery
Authors: Faragher Ian G. , Hong Michael K.‐Y. , Stupart Douglas , Watters David A. , Yeung Justin 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundMaintaining high standards in colon cancer surgery requires the measurement of quality indicators and the re‐allocation of resources to address deficiencies. We used state‐wide administrative data to determine the inpatient mortality for patients undergoing elective colon cancer surgery and to compare individual hospital rates.MethodsThe Dr Foster Quality Investigator Tool was used to explore the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset for elective admissions for colon cancer surgery between 2012 and 2016. The inpatient mortality rate, 30‐day readmission rate and the proportion of patients with increased length of stay were measured. Risk‐adjusted rates were used to compare public and private hospitals. A peer group of 14 hospitals were studied using funnel plots to determine inter‐hospital variation in mortality.ResultsThere were 6120 colectomies performed for colon cancer in Victoria over 3 years. The crude inpatient mortality rate was 1.3%. It was significantly higher in public than private hospitals, even after risk adjustment. Variation in crude mortality was demonstrated among 14 selected hospitals. The lowest volume hospitals had significantly higher inpatient mortality rates. Right hemicolectomy was the commonest procedure performed.ConclusionUsing an efficient method of complete state‐wide data capture, we have demonstrated that the inpatient mortality rate after elective colon cancer surgery in Victoria is low. However, complexity remains around the interpretation of inter‐hospital variation, defining outliers, and comparing outcomes between public and private hospitals. Resolving these complexities and defining additional quality indicators remain a priority in the use of administrative data to audit the quality of colon cancer care.
Dexamethasone for unresponsive diabetic macular oedema: optical coherence tomography biomarkers
Authors: Bonfiglio Vincenza , Reibaldi Michele , Pizzo Alessandra , Russo Andrea , Macchi Iacopo , Faro Giuseppe , Avitabile Teresio , Longo Antonio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the effects of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (DEX) in patients with diabetic macular oedema (DME) unresponsive to ranibizumab treatment, in relation to the inflammatory optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal features, subfoveal neuroretinal detachment (SND) and hyperreflective retinal spots (HRS).MethodsPatients with DME poorly responsive to three injections of ranibizumab were treated with DEX. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macula thickness (CMT, measured by Spectralis SD‐OCT) were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months.ResultsOverall, 44 eyes were included in the study. In the whole group, mean BCVA (baseline 51.5 ± 8.3 letters) increased significantly at 1 month (to 56.9 ± 8.8 letters; Tukey HSD p = 0.017) and was 55.5 ± 8.8 letters at 3 months (Tukey HSD p = 0.128). Central macula thickness (CMT) reduced significantly at 1 and 3 months (417 ± 149 μm and 469 ± 128 μm, respectively, both Tukey HSD p < 0.001 versus baseline).Subgroup analysis showed a significant BCVA increase at 1 month in eyes with SND + HRS (from 51.2 ± 9.2 to 58.2 ± 9.0, p = 0.029), and a trend to BCVA increase in eyes with HRS (from 52.3 ± 6.4 to 56.8 ± 7.9, p = 0.080), with a significant CMT decrease in both groups (p < 0.001). No changes of either parameter were found in eyes without SND and HRS.ConclusionSpectral domain OCT is useful in identifying some inflammatory features in DME. Among DME eyes ‘poorly responsive’ to ranibizumab, those with SND and HRS responded better to DEX implants than those without these features.
Editorial: severe outcomes are rare in pregnancy in autoimmune hepatitis—Authors' reply
Authors: Grønbæk Lisbet , Vilstrup Hendrik , Jepsen Peter 
Published: October 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Grønbæk et al and Hagstrom and Ludvigsson papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14925 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14957.
Letter: is there a role for infliximab biosimilar in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with secondary loss of response to infliximab innovator?
Authors: Orfanoudaki Eleni , Drygiannakis Ioannis , Koutroubakis Ioannis E. 
Published: October 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Schmitz et al papers. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14453.
Letter: which risk factors for post‐operative recurrence in Crohn's disease can be modified?
Authors: Imperatore Nicola , Rispo Antonio , Luglio Gaetano , Bucci Luigi , Castiglione Fabiana 
Published: October 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Auzolle et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14944.
Editorial: predicting hepatic encephalopathy after TIPSS—is multimodal cerebral MRI the answer? Authors’ reply
Authors: Rudler Marika , Galanaud Damien , Thabut Dominique 
Published: October 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Rudler et al and Armstrong and Tripathi papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14938 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14973.
Postruminal supply of amino acids enhances ghrelin secretion and lipid metabolism in feed‐deprived sheep
Authors: Elsabagh Mabrouk , Ishikake Motomi , Sakamoto Yasuaki , Haruno Atsushi , Miura Makoto , Fujieda Takeshi , Obitsu Taketo , Sugino Toshihisa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSingle amino acids (AA) feeding is gaining more attention for their functional roles beyond nutritional needs. This study aimed to describe the endocrine and metabolic responses to a single AA administration (at 10% of MP for maintenance) in 48 hr fasted sheep (n = 4) receiving, over continued 4 hr, a duodenal infusate of saline (control), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), lysine HCl (Lys), threonine (Thr), or valine (Val) in a 4 by 6 Youden square design with weekly intervals. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min relative to the infusion onset, and plasma AA, glucose, β‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), ghrelin, insulin, glucagon, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) concentrations were measured. The results showed that the duodenal supply of Glu, Gln, Lys, Thr, and Val enhanced ghrelin release. Administration of Glu, Gln, and Val declined plasma BHBA concentrations, whereas plasma NEFA levels were decreased with Gln and Thr. Insulin concentration was greater with Thr, glucagon levels were increased with Lys, Thr, Val, and Glu, whereas IGF‐1 levels were enhanced with Gln, Lys, and Thr supply. Thus, selective AA feeding can positively adjust the endocrine status and counteract the feed restriction‐induced lipid mobilization.
Uterus transplants and the insufficient value of gestation
Authors: McTernan Emily 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUterus transplants provide another treatment for infertility. Some might think that we should embrace such transplants as one more way to assist people to have children. However, in this paper I argue that uterus transplants are not something that we ought to fund, nor something that we should make easy to access. First, I argue that any justification of providing uterus transplants must be based on the value of the experience of gestation, rather than on claims of meeting medical need or promoting normal functioning. Second, I demonstrate that such a justification has limited prospects of success. The value of experiencing gestation is unlikely to be sufficient to justify state funding of uterus transplants and, further, we have reason to refrain from enabling such transplants.
‘We fight for a better future for our country’: Understanding the Ukrainian Euromaidan movement as the emergence of a social competition strategy
Authors: Chayinska Maria , Minescu Anca , McGarty Craig 
Published: October 2018

The current research seeks to develop an analysis of Ukraine's Euromaidan social movement in psychological terms. Building on the classic understanding of social competition strategies, we argue that Euromaidan protests can be conceived as an attempt of pro‐European Union (EU) Ukrainians to realign the boundaries of the Ukrainian national identity by defeating the alternative pro‐Russia integration project championed by the government. In particular, building on the encapsulated model of social identity in collective action, we suggest that Euromaidan is an emergent opinion‐based group identity, formed in response to injustice through two self‐categorical processes – group‐level self‐investment into the shared entity (i.e., Ukrainian national category) and disidentification from the alternative Russia‐led Customs Union. Using a sample of 3,096 participants surveyed during the protests, we tested our hypotheses with structural equation modelling, where the model accounting for the direct and indirect paths of the self‐categorical processes was expected to explain collective action intentions to a great extent than models applying the social identity and encapsulation models of collective action. We found evidence consistent with the proposal that Euromaidan was a pro‐EUopinion‐based group, formed in response to the government's decision to suspend theEU–Ukraine agreement and around individuals’ general perception of unfair government authorities.
Surveying tropical birds is much harder than you think: a primer of best practices
Authors: Robinson W. Douglas , Lees Alexander C. , Blake John G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBirds are tempting to include in studies of tropical ecology and conservation. Yet, they are deceptively difficult to detect, identify and, particularly, count. We briefly review some common challenges of surveying tropical birds, offer guidance on the most important decisions to consider when selecting methodologies, and recommend best practices to ensure collection of reliable, repeatable, and reviewer‐friendly survey data.
Targeting the Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin V by ligand‐based virtual screening
Authors: Meissner Kamila Anna , Kronenberger Thales , Maltarollo Vinícius Gonçalves , Trossini Gustavo Henrique Goulart , Wrenger Carsten 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMalaria is a devastating disease depending only on chemotherapy as treatment. However, medication is losing efficacy, and therefore, there is an urgent need for the discovery of novel pharmaceutics. Recently, plasmepsin V, an aspartic protease anchored in the endoplasmaic reticulum, was demonstrated as responsible for the trafficking of parasite‐derived proteins to the erythrocytic surface and further validated as a drug target. In this sense, ligand‐based virtual screening has been applied to design inhibitors that target plasmepsin V of P. falciparum (PMV). After screening 5.5 million compounds, four novel plasmepsin inhibitors have been identified which were subsequently analyzed for the potency at the cellular level. Since PMV is membrane‐anchored, the verification in vivo by using transgenic PMV overexpressing P. falciparum cells has been performed in order to evaluate drug efficacy. Two lead compounds, revealing IC50 values were 44.2 and 19.1 μm, have been identified targeting plasmepsin V in vivo and do not significantly affect the cell viability of human cells up to 300 μm. We herein report the use of the consensus of individual virtual screening as a new technique to design new ligands, and we propose two new lead compounds as novel protease inhibitors to target malaria.
Parent coaching at 6 and 10 months improves language outcomes at 14 months: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ferjan Ramírez Naja , Lytle Sarah Roseberry , Fish Melanie , Kuhl Patricia K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrevious studies reveal an association between particular features of parental language input and advances in children's language learning. However, it is not known whether parent coaching aimed to enhance specific input components would (a) successfully increase these components in parents' language input and (b) result in concurrent increases in children's language development. The present randomized controlled trial assigned families of typically developing 6‐month‐old infants to Intervention (parent coaching) and Control (no coaching) groups. Families were equivalent on socioeconomic status, infants' gender, and infants' age. Parent coaching took place when infants were 6 and 10 months of age, and included quantitative and qualitative linguistic feedback on the amount of child‐directed speech, back‐and‐forth interactions, and parentese speech style. These variables were derived from each family's first‐person LENA recordings at home. Input variables and infant language were measured at 6, 10, and 14 months. Parent coaching significantly enhanced language input as measured by two social interaction variables: percentage of speech directed to the child and percentage of parentese speech. These two variables were correlated, and were both related to growth in infant babbling between 6 and 14 months. Intervention infants showed greater growth in babbling than Control infants. Furthermore, at 14 months, Intervention infants produced significantly more words than Control infants, as indicated by LENA recordings and parent report via the MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Developmental Inventory. Together, these results indicate that parent coaching can enrich specific aspects of parental language input, and can immediately and positively impact child language outcomes. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/7wqR28gPiwo
Deep brain stimulation for pediatric dystonia: a meta‐analysis with individual participant data
Authors: Elkaim Lior M , Alotaibi Naif M , Sigal Alissa , Alotaibi Haifa M , Lipsman Nir , Kalia Suneil K , Fehlings Darcy L , Lozano Andres M , Ibrahim George M ,   North American Pediatric DBS Collaboration
Published: October 2018

AimWe performed a meta‐analysis with individual participant data of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for dystonia in children and young people.MethodThree databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) were queried from January 1999 to August 2017 with no language restrictions to identify case studies and cohort studies reporting on pediatric patients (age ≤21y) with dystonia. The primary outcomes were changes in Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden (BFM) or Barry‐Albright Dystonia Scale scores. A mixed‐effects regression was used to identify associations between clinical covariates and outcomes.ResultsOf 2509 citations reviewed, 72 articles (321 children) were eligible. At last follow‐up (median 12mo, 25th centile=9.0; 75th centile=32.2), 277 (86.3%) patients showed improvement in dystonia, while 66.1 percent showed clinically significant (>20%) BFM Dystonia Rating Scale‐motor improvement. On multivariable hierarchical regression, older age at dystonia onset, inherited dystonia without nervous system pathology and idiopathic dystonia (vs inherited with nervous system pathology or acquired dystonia), and truncal involvement indicated a better outcome (p<0.05).InterpretationThe data suggest that DBS is effective and should be considered in selected children with inherited or idiopathic dystonia.What this paper adds

Deep brain stimulation is effective in selected children with inherited or idiopathic dystonia.
Multiple interfacial cracks in dissimilar piezoelectric layers under time harmonic loadings
Authors: Ayatollahi Mojtaba , Fartash Amir Hossein 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, the dislocation‐based model is developed to study the interaction between time‐harmonic elastic waves and multiple interface cracks in 2 bonded dissimilar piezoelectric layers. In this model, cracks are represented by a distribution of so‐called electro‐elastic dislocations whose density is to be determined by satisfying the boundary conditions. Using the Fourier transform, this formulation leads to 2 singular integral equations, which can be solved numerically for the densities of electro‐elastic dislocations on a crack surface. The formulation is used to determine dynamic field intensity factors for multiple interface cracks without limitation of number of cracks. The dynamic field intensity factors are then calculated for both permeable and impermeable crack, and finally, numerical results are presented to illustrate the variation of these quantities with the electromechanical coupling, crack spacing, and the frequency of loading.
Historical perspectives on advertising and the meme that personal oral hygiene prevents dental caries
Authors: Hujoel Philippe P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe consensus of a leading scientific panel in 1930 was that oral hygiene products could not prevent dental caries. Their view was that dental caries prevention required the proper mineralisation of teeth and that vitamin D could achieve this goal. Over a hundred subsequent controlled trials, conducted over seven decades, largely confirmed that this scientific panel had made the right decisions. They had, in 1930, when it comes to dental caries, correctly endorsed vitamin D products as dental caries prophylactics and oral hygiene products as cosmetics. And yet, despite this consistent scientific evidence for close to a century, an opposing conventional wisdom emerged which thrives to this day: oral hygiene habits (without fluoride) protect the teeth from dental caries, and vitamin D plays no role in dental caries prevention. This historical analysis explores whether persistent advertising can deeply engrain memes on dental caries prevention which conflict with controlled trial results. The question is raised whether professional organisations, with a dependence on advertising revenues, can become complicit in amplifying advertised health claims which are inconsistent with the principles of evidence‐based medicine.
Mother–Infant Interaction and Child Brain Morphology: A Multidimensional Approach to Maternal Sensitivity
Authors: Bernier Annie , Dégeilh Fanny , Leblanc Élizabel , Daneault Véronique , Bailey Heidi N. , Beauchamp Miriam H. 
Published: October 2018

Emerging research suggests that normative variation in parenting quality relates to children's brain development. However, although the young brain is presumed to be especially sensitive to environmental influence, to our knowledge only two studies have examined parenting quality with infants as it relates to indicators of brain development, and both were cross‐sectional. This longitudinal study investigated whether different components of maternal sensitivity in infancy predicted the volume of two brain structures presumed to be particularly sensitive to early experience, namely the amygdala and the hippocampus. Three dimensions of sensitivity (Cooperation/Attunement, Positivity, Accessibility/Availability) were observed in 33 mother–infant dyads at 1 year of age and children underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging at age 10. Higher maternal Accessibility/Availability during mother–infant interactions was found to be predictive of smaller right amygdala volume, while greater maternal positivity was predictive of smaller bilateral hippocampal volumes. These longitudinal findings extend those of previous cross‐sectional studies and suggest that a multidimensional approach to maternal behavior could be a fruitful way to further advance research in this area, given that different facets of parenting might be differentially predictive of distinct aspects of neurodevelopment.