bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure‐induced phase transitions in PZ‐xBMN binary solid solutions
Authors: Nie Hengchang , Su Rigu , Peng Ping , Cao Fei , Liu Yusheng , He Hongliang , Wang Genshui , Dong Xianlin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSolid solutions of (1−x)PbZrO3‐xBa(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZ‐xBMN, x = 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05) were prepared, and their microstructures, electrical properties, and phase transition behaviors under hydrostatic pressure were investigated. It was found that the incorporation of BMN into PZ can provide improved ferroelectric properties, leading to the formation of antiferroelectric/ferroelectric phase boundaries in PZ‐xBMN ceramics when the value of x is between 0.02 and 0.03. It was also demonstrated that the ferroelectric phases exhibit excellent temperature stability in the remanent polarization. Importantly, complete depolarization was observed in the PZ‐xBMN solid solution due to the hydrostatic pressure‐induced ferroelectric‐antiferroelectric phase transition. The resultant properties and phase transition behaviors of PZ‐xBMN ceramics under pressure will benefit their application in pulsed power supplies.
Combined aerobic and resistance training, and incidence of diabetes: A retrospective cohort study in Japanese older women
Authors: Sawada Susumu S , Gando Yuko , Kawakami Ryoko , Blair Steven N , Lee I‐Min , Tamura Yoshifumi , Tsuda Hitomi , Saito Hikaru , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the relationship between combined aerobic and resistance training, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThe present study included 10,680 Japanese women. Participants enrolled between 2005 and 2010, and were followed up until 2014. The frequency of combined training was counted for the first 3 months, the 6th month and the 9th month. In 2014, women reported whether or not they had diabetes, as well as the year of developing diabetes. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the incidence of type 2 diabetes were obtained using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsThe median duration of follow up was 5 years, with 166 women developing type 2 diabetes. Using the lowest frequency of training group (1st quartile) as the reference, the hazard ratios for the second through fourth quartiles was as follows: 0.95 (95% CI 0.64–1.41), 0.73 (95% CI 0.48–1.13) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.44–1.07), respectively (P for trend = 0.116). After adjustment for age, body mass index and thigh circumference, the hazard ratios were: 0.84 (95% CI 0.56–1.26), 0.69 (95% CI 0.45–1.06) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.95), respectively (P for trend = 0.040).ConclusionsA higher frequency of combined aerobic and resistance training is associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Japanese women.
Nursery treatments with resistant inducers, soil amendments and biocontrol agents for the management of the Fusarium wilt of lettuce under glasshouse and field conditions
Authors: Gilardi Giovanna , Pugliese Massimo , Gullino Maria Lodovica , Garibaldi Angelo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLettuce Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, represents a major problem in most lettuce production areas worldwide. In the present study, a number of resistance inducers, organic amendments and biocontrol agents were applied in a preventative way, in experimental and commercial situations, to soils artificially or naturally infested with race 1 of the pathogen, and to moderately susceptible lettuce cultivars. Potassium phosphite, acibenzolar‐S‐methyl, green composts, and Bacillus subtilis Qst713, Trichoderma asperellum + Trichoderma gamsii, and Pseudomonas strains achieved the most consistent disease control under the experimental conditions. Moreover, potassium phosphite, green compost, B. subtilis Qst713 and T. asperellum + T. gamsii, also showed a positive effect on plant development. In general, the results of the different treatments in naturally infested soil were similar to those observed in glasshouse trials under artificial inoculation. Potassium phosphite provided a consistent disease reduction (48%–62% in artificially infested soil and 60%–75% in naturally infested soil). The effects of adding 10% compost to a peat growing medium in the nursery, followed by a soil mixing application when lettuce was transplanted, significantly reduced the severity of Fusarium wilt (50%–59% efficacy) and increased fresh biomass production. Compost enrichment with Trichoderma TW2 generally further increased its efficacy. When tested under field conditions, the commercially available Trichoderma spp. and B. subtilis, together with experimental strains of Pseudomonas and Trichoderma spp., applied at the nursery level, provided a disease reduction of 30%–78%. Early application of the different control measures under nursery conditions and at lettuce transplant is noteworthy because it was carried out at a more localized level, with reduced amounts of products. Their use in practice should be integrated with other control strategies.
Further Evidence for Swimming‐Based Pica in Rats
Authors: Nakajima Sadahiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAberrant pica behavior (i.e., kaolin clay ingestion) has been regarded as a behavioral marker of nausea in rats that cannot vomit because of anatomical and/or neural reasons. The previous study reported that a single swimming session of 40 min generated pica behavior, implying that swimming induces nausea in rats. However, the rats tested in that report were not experimentally naive. The present study successfully replicated swimming‐based pica with experimentally naive rats (Experiment 1). It also showed that pica was observed with pool confinement of 20 min but not with that of 10 min (Experiments 2A and 2B) and that roaming in shallow water did not generate pica (Experiment 3). These results taken together suggest that swimming for at least 20 min induces nausea in rats, implying that rats’ taste aversion learning based on swimming is mediated by gastrointestinal discomfort.
Efficacy of long‐term oral telmisartan treatment in cats with hypertension: Results of a prospective European clinical trial
Authors: Glaus Tony M. , Elliott Jonathan , Herberich Esther , Zimmering Tanja , Albrecht Balazs 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundEfficacy of telmisartan in treating hypertension (HT) in cats has not been largely investigated.ObjectiveTelmisartan oral solution effectively controls systolic arterial blood pressure (SABP) in hypertensive cats.AnimalsTwo‐hundred eighty‐five client‐owned cats with systemic HT.MethodsProspective, multicenter, placebo‐controlled, randomized, double‐blinded study. Hypertensive cats diagnosed with SABP ≥160 mmHg and ≤200 mmHg without target‐organ‐damage were randomized (2 : 1 ratio) to receive 2 mg/kg telmisartan or placebo q24 PO. A 28‐day efficacy phase was followed by a 120‐day extended use phase. Efficacy was defined as significant difference in mean SABP reduction between telmisartan and placebo on Day 14 and group mean reduction in SABP of > 20 mmHg by telmisartan on Day 28 compared to baseline.ResultsTwo‐hundred fifty‐two cats completed the efficacy and 144 cats the extended use phases. Mean SABP reduction at Day 14 differed significantly between groups (P< .001). Telmisartan reduced baseline SABP of 179 mmHg by 19.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.92‐22.52) and 24.6 (95% CI: 21.11‐28.14) mmHg at Days 14 and 28. The placebo group baseline SABP of 177 mmHg was reduced by 9.0 (95% CI: 5.30‐12.80) and 11.4 (95% CI: 7.94‐14.95) mmHg, respectively. Of note, 52% of telmisartan‐treated cats had SABP <150 mmHg at Day 28. Mean SABP reduction by telmisartan in severe (≥180 mmHg) and moderate HT (160‐179 mmHg) was comparable and persistent over time.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTelmisartan solution (PO) was effective in reducing SABP in hypertensive cats with SABP ≥160 mmHg and ≤200 mmHg.
Infant temperament, maternal feeding behaviours and the timing of solid food introduction
Authors: Rogers Samantha L. , Blissett Jackie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite guidance from the World Health Organization and the U.K. Department of Health, many mothers introduce solid food before their infant is 6 months old. The current study aimed to investigate relationships between maternal feeding behaviours (preintroduction and postintroduction to solids), infant temperament, and the timing of introduction to solid food. Eighty‐one women were recruited on low‐risk maternity units and were contacted at 1 week, 3, and 6 months postpartum. Mothers of infants (45 males, 36 females, mean birth weight 3.52 kg [SD 0.39]) completed the behaviours component of the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire via telephone interview at 3 months. At 6 months, they were observed feeding their infant solid food at home and reported infant temperament using the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire‐Revised (short form). Partial correlations (covariates: birth weight, maternal age, breastfeeding duration, and postnatal depression) revealed negative associations between age of introduction to solid food and temperament (smiling and laughter) and laissez‐faire milk feeding behaviours; and positive associations between age of introduction to solid food and restrictive milk feeding behaviours and verbal involvement during an observed mealtime. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that an infant's birth weight and the degree to which their mothers perceive them to smile and laugh are key predictors of when they will be introduced to solid food, over and above other variables of interest (e.g., maternal milk feeding behaviours, breastfeeding duration, and postnatal depression).
Role of western blot assay for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in AIDS patients from a National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Marcos Abreu , Damasceno Lisandra Serra , Pizzini Cláudia Vera , Muniz Mauro de Medeiros , Almeida‐Paes Rodrigo , Zancopé‐Oliveira Rosely Maria 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundHistoplasmosis is a frequent fungal infection in HIV/AIDS patients, with high morbimortality rates when diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Antibody detection, which is faster than the gold standard culture test, hastens the laboratory investigation.ObjectivesTo evaluate the role of WB for antibody detection in the diagnosis of histoplasmosis among HIV/AIDS patients.Patients and MethodsFifty patients with proven or probable histoplasmosis were included. Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data were described in the same population after a review of their medical records. WB was performed using deglycosylated histoplasmin.ResultsAbout 82% of patients were adult males and the mean age was 39.3 years. CD4+ T lymphocyte count less than 150 cells/mm3 was observed in 62% patients. Antibodies against Histoplasma capsulatum M antigen were detected in 62% of patients, and against both M and H antigens in 28% of individuals. Sera from 10% of patients were nonreactive. Histoplasmosis was the first opportunistic infection in 38% of the cases. Disseminated and pulmonary histoplasmosis occurred in 84% and 16% of patients, respectively. The overall mortality was 16%.ConclusionWB could be useful for the histoplasmosis diagnosis in HIV/AIDS patients because of its easefulness and good sensitivity in a population where antibody production is hampered.
Microbiological characterisation of the colonisation by Candida sp in patients with orthodontic fixed appliances and evaluation of host responses in saliva
Authors: Tapia Cecilia V. , Batarce Christian , Amaro José , Hermosilla German , Rodas Paula I. , Magne Fabien 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the colonisation by Candida spp in patients using orthodontic fixed appliances by characterising the isolated Candida strains and by evaluating the host oral mucosa response through the measure of human β‐defensins 3 (HBD‐3) expression and Interleukin‐1ß/IL‐10.MethodsNinety patients were enrolled after signing an informed consent. Prevalence, susceptibility to fluconazole, genotyping and oral fungal burden of Candida sp. isolated were determined. Host responses were evaluated by measuring HBD‐3 expression as well as IL‐1ß and IL‐10 in saliva.ResultsThe colonisation rate reached 6.7% (6/90), and 5 patients were colonised with C. albicans strains and one with one with C. tropicalis. The fluconazole MIC90/susceptibility of C. albicans strains ranged 1/0.25‐1 μg/mL. However, isolated strains did not present different genotype (SAB>0.9), C. albicans colonisation seems to be influenced by the duration of treatment and by level expression of HBD3 that were higher in colonised patients (not statistically different). A negative correlation between the fungal burden and IL‐1ß levels was found in colonised patients but not for IL‐10.ConclusionsOur study revealed that patients with orthodontic fixed appliances were mainly colonised by C. albicans, which was related to a decrease in HBD‐3 expression and IL‐1ß levels.
Effects of probiotic supplements on the progression of chronic kidney disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tao Sibei , Tao Siying , Cheng Yiming , Liu Jing , Ma Liang , Fu Ping 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. Although accumulated data suggested that probiotic supplements played roles in CKD, the results remained controversial. Here, we performed a meta‐analysis to assess the effects of probiotic supplements on the CKD progression.MethodsA systematic search was conducted through the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases until September 2018. Randomized controlled trials with control receiving placebo, evaluating the effects of probiotic supplements on CKD were included.ResultsA total of 10 randomized controlled trials in 8 countries were selected. In the meta‐analysis, urea level was significantly reduced in probiotics‐administrated non‐dialysis patients (mean differences (MD) = −30.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) = [−56.78, −3.25]; P = 0.03) while no significant change was found in the dialysis patients receiving probiotics (MD = 0.1; 95% CI = [−9.28, 9.48]; P = 0.98). Probiotic supplements also exhibited no effect on uric acid (MD = −0.43; 95% CI = [−1.19, 0.33]; P = 0.27), C‐reactive protein (MD = −0.48; 95% CI = [−1.29, 0.33]; P = 0.24), creatinine (MD = −0.18; 95% CI = [−0.82, 0.47]; P = 0.59), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (MD = 2.10; 95% CI = [−1.31, 5.52]; P = 0.23) of CKD patients.ConclusionOur results highlighted that probiotic supplements exerted a statistically significant effect on urea levels in non‐dialysis CKD population, while no evidence suggested that probiotics possessed meaningful impacts on the reduction of uric acid, C‐reactive protein, creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate preservation of CKD population.
Effect of External Locus‐of‐Hope on Acquired Capability for Suicide
Authors: Wagshul Yitzchok D. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveOf the three factors posited by Joiner's interpersonal theory of suicide as necessary before suicide can occur, increased hope has been shown to reduce two (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness), but, counterintuitively, to increase the 3rd (acquired capability for suicide). A fuller understanding of this phenomenon may lie with Bernardo's locus‐of‐hope construct—pursuant to which hope may lie not only in one's own plans and capabilities (internal locus‐of‐hope) but in those of others (external locus‐of‐hope)—but to date no study has researched the relationship between external locus‐of‐hope and acquired capability for suicide.MethodData from a sample recruited online (N = 193; 88.6% aged 21–49; 59.1% men; 80.3% White) were analyzed using a 3‐step hierarchical regression procedure designed to isolate the effects of external locus‐of‐hope on acquired capability for suicide by holding constant the effects of depression, demographic variables, and internal locus‐of‐hope.ResultsResults confirmed that internal locus‐of‐hope positively predicts acquired capability for suicide and demonstrated that external locus‐of‐hope has the opposite effect: It is associated with lowered acquired capability for suicide.ConclusionIt follows that interventions designed to raise one's level of externally located hope have the potential to deter suicidal individuals from actualizing their plans.
A time‐geographic approach to quantifying wildlife–road interactions
Authors: Loraamm Rebecca W. , Downs Joni A. , Lamb David 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecent advances in time geography offer new perspectives for studying animal movements and interactions in an environmental context. In particular, the ability to estimate an animal's spatial location probabilistically at temporal sampling intervals between known fix locations allows researchers to quantify how individuals interact with one another and their environment on finer temporal and spatial scales than previously explored. This article extends methods from time geography, specifically probabilistic space–time prisms, to quantify and summarize animal–road interactions toward understanding related diurnal movement behaviors, including road avoidance. The approach is demonstrated using tracking data for fishers (Martes pennanti) in New York State, where the total probability of interaction with roadways is calculated for individuals over the duration tracked. Additionally, a summarization method visualizing daily interaction probabilities at 60 s intervals is developed to assist in the examination of temporal patterns associated with fishers’ movement behavior with respect to roadways. The results identify spatial and temporal patterns of fisher–roadway interaction by time of day. Overall, the methodologies discussed offer an intuitive means to assess moving object location probabilities in the context of environmental factors. Implications for movement ecology and related conservation planning efforts are also discussed.
Fungal infection after endothelial keratoplasty: association with hypothermic corneal storage
Authors: Lau Nicola , Hajjar Sesé Aida , Augustin Victor A , Kuit Geert , Wilkins Mark R , Tourtas Theofilos , Kruse Friedrich E , Højgaard-Olsen Klavs , Manuel Rohini , Armitage W John , Larkin Daniel F , Tuft Stephen J 
Published: December 2018

PurposeTo compare the incidence of fungal infection after endothelial keratoplasty (EK) when donor tissue had been stored in hypothermic medium or organ culture.MethodsWe describe the clinical features of 10 cases of fungal infection (keratitis or endophthalmitis) following EK identified at three European centres. Case definition was the culture of fungus or a positive PCR from the host cornea or anterior chamber after EK. A survey of the incidence of infection after EK was conducted by the European Eye Bank Association. The main outcome measure was the number of cases in which donor tissue had been stored in hypothermic medium compared with organ culture.ResultsThe 10 cases occurred between 2014 and 2017. All donor corneas had been stored in hypothermic medium sourced from three US eye banks. Three pairs of mate corneas caused infections in six recipients. Candida spp were identified from nine cases, with one isolate of Purpureocillium lilacinum. Data on 16 862 corneas supplied for EK were available from 16 European eye banks for the 5-year period from 2012. There were 17 reported cases of infection, of which 15 (88%) were fungal infections and 14 (82%) were Candida spp. Fungal infection was reported from 3 of 14 476 (0.02%) corneas supplied in organ culture compared with 12 of 2386 (0.50%) corneas supplied in hypothermic medium (p<0.0001). The incidence of infection after hypothermic storage was similar for material sourced from Europe (0.52%) or the USA (0.61%).ConclusionsInfection after EK is strongly associated with Candida spp. The possible explanations for the higher incidence of infection when tissue is stored in hypothermic medium are discussed.
Influence of uveitis on Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measurements
Authors: Kriegel Matthias F , Heiligenhaus Arnd , Heinz Carsten 
Published: December 2018

Background/aimsTo assess the impact of papillary leakage and active inflammation on optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and Bruch’s membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) measurements in uveitic eyes with and without secondary glaucoma.MethodsProspective, single-centre analysis of patients with uveitis. All patients included received a fluorescein angiography examination and an OCT scan measuring the BMO-MRW and the RNFLT in three concentric peripapillary ring scans.ResultsOverall, 95 eyes of 56 patients were enrolled. Papillary leakage and active inflammation were present in 39 (41%) and 57 (60%) eyes, respectively. Twenty-one eyes were classified as glaucomatous; 10 of those glaucomatous eyes showed papillary leakage. Both BMO-MRW and RNFLT measurements were significantly increased in eyes with papillary leakage (BMO-MRW: p=0.0001; RNFLT: first to third ring (p<0.0001)). Active inflammation led to a significantly thickened RNFLT (first ring: p=0.0026; second ring: p=0.0009; third ring: p=0.0002) while only a trend towards increased values could be observed in the BMO-MRW measurements (p=0.3063). Glaucomatous eyes with papillary leakage demonstrated significantly higher values on both BMO-MRW and RNFLT measurements than glaucomatous eyes without leakage (BMO-MRW: p=0.0159; RNFLT: first ring: p=0.0062; second ring: p=0.0037; third ring: p=0.0197). No significant difference could be observed between glaucomatous eyes with leakage and non-glaucomatous eyes without leakage (BMO-MRW: p=0.4132; RNFLT: first ring: p=0.5412; second ring: p=0.3208; third ring: p=0.1164).ConclusionsThe OCT scanning parameters BMO-MRW and RNFLT were significantly influenced by papillary leakage in uveitic eyes with and without glaucoma. RNFLT values were also significantly increased while active inflammation was present. In patients with uveitis, these OCT-based imaging tools should be interpreted with caution, especially in those with papillary leakage or active inflammation.