bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essentials of Multimodal Brain Monitoring
Authors: Fugate Jennifer E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians spend a substantial amount of time monitoring patients and their organ systems. Staples of systemic monitoring include continuous electrocardiography, pulse oximetry, serum laboratory values of liver and kidney function, urinary output, and ventilator parameters. Monitoring methods for the brain have lagged somewhat in technologic advances. Neuroimaging is essential to supplementing the clinical examination, and the technology has become increasingly sophisticated.
Pain Catastrophizing and Anxiety
Authors: Darnall Beth 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The optimization of perioperative patients involves targeting the modifiable individual factors that influence pain, function, and surgical outcomes. However, many untapped opportunities exist, particularly in the psychological realm. Indeed, psychological factors—including pain anxiety and pain catastrophizing—are among the most influential perioperative factors yet rarely are targeted in the perioperative timeframe. To date, research has largely focused on the characterization of behavioral risk factors that associate with or predict poor surgical outcomes, whereas fewer perioperative studies and programs have focused on perioperative interventions. As such, interventions that effectively address the highest-yield targets may meaningfully improve perioperative care and favorably alter the long-term trajectory of health after surgery. This chapter aims to elucidate key research to date for pain anxiety and pain catastrophizing and underscore their importance as therapeutic targets in the perioperative timeline; it also reviews data on their malleability and responsivity to intervention, and highlights promising relevant clinical programs.
Preoperative Nutritional Management
Authors: McAnally Heath B. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Malnutrition in the developed world generally comprises both excess of calories with poor macronutrient (carbohydrate—protein—fat) proportioning, and deficit of multiple micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients). These excesses, deficits, and imbalances all confer health risks, and many are associated with the development of systemic inflammation and chronic pain. In the perioperative context, malnutrition is also associated with suboptimal surgical outcomes; from a nutrient deficiency standpoint, compromised wound healing and increased incidence of infections are seen. From a caloric excess standpoint, obesity confers markedly increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. Most of the evidence-based literature supports the use of so-called immunonutrition preoperatively in populations at risk. As with all of the lifestyle modification issues discussed in this book, enhancement of patients’ intrinsic motivation and thoughtful identification and replacement of maladaptive habits with better alternatives are of the essence.
Queering Lists: Culinary and Literary Modernism in The Book of Salt
Authors: Cheng Julia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Lists, and the practice of listing, provide avenues of insight into Bình, the protagonist in Monique Truong’s The Book of Salt (2003). Working as a cook in the infamous Stein Salon in Old World Paris, Bình, a narrative footnote extracted from The Alice B. Cook Book (1954), exercises a linguistic and culinary grasp shown to rival the resident darling couple’s own modernist projects. Demonstrating the narrator’s artistry under the radar, the list represents a formal feature that stages the particularities of queer aesthetics against the humanist backdrop represented by Gertrude Stein and Alice Toklas. As the novel spans geographical coordinates and varied temporalities, Bình’s curious expression of choice prompts narratological overlooking even as it tracks the desires of diasporic bodies and the taste of cherished dishes. Exercised with remarkable restraint, the generative accretions of running catalogs and errant recipes represent small acts of creativity in the novel. Simultaneously, the practice of listing foregrounds the enumerations as tactical sites of interruption and deferral, to constitute a critical methodology that reflects the list-maker’s precarity as a queer Vietnamese exile. This essay attends to the achievements of a minoritarian character who casts a shadow in the familiar archives of high modernism, as the “superficial” stylistic feature of the list opens up The Book of Salt to larger reflections on the intimate ties between coloniality and avant-garde experimentation.
The isolation of luminous blue variables resembles aging B-type supergiants, not the most massive unevolved stars
Authors: Smith Nathan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Luminous blue variables (LBVs) are suprisingly isolated from the massive O-type stars that are their putative progenitors in single-star evolution, implicating LBVs as binary evolution products. Aadland et al. found that LBVs are, however, only marginally more dispersed than a photometrically selected sample of bright blue stars (BBS) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), leading them to suggest that LBV environments may not exclude a single-star origin. In both comparisons, LBVs have the same median separation, confirming that any incompleteness in the O-star sample does not fabricate LBV isolation. Instead, the relative difference arises because the photometric BBS sample is far more dispersed than known O-type stars. Evidence suggests that the large BBS separation arises because it traces less massive (∼20 M⊙), aging blue supergiants. Although photometric criteria used by A19 aimed to select only the most massive unevolved stars, visual-wavelength colour selection cannot avoid contamination because O and early B stars have almost the same intrinsic colour. Spectral types confirm that the BBS sample contains many B supergiants. Moreover, the observed BBS separation distribution matches that of spectroscopically confirmed early B supergiants, not O-type stars, and matches predictions for a roughly 10 Myr population, not a 3–4 Myr population. A broader implication for ages of stellar populations is that bright blue stars are not a good tracer of the youngest massive O-type stars. Bright blue stars in nearby galaxies (and unresolved blue light in distant galaxies) generally trace evolved blue supergiants akin to SN 1987A’s progenitor.
New evidence for the ubiquity of prominent polar dust emission in AGN on tens of parsec scales
Authors: Asmus D 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The key ingredient of active galactic nuclei (AGN) unification, the dusty obscuring torus was so far held responsible for the observed mid-infrared (MIR) emission of AGN. However, the best studied objects with Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI)/MID-infrared Interferometric instrument (MIDI) show that instead a polar dusty wind is dominating these wavelengths, leaving little room for a torus contribution. But is this wind a ubiquitous part of the AGN? To test this, we conducted a straightforward detection experiment, using the upgraded Very Large Telescope (VLT)/VLT Imager and Spectrometer for mid-InfraRed (VISIR) for deep subarcsecond resolution MIR imaging of a sample of nine [O iv]-bright, obscured AGN, all of which were predicted to have detectable polar emission. Indeed, the new data reveal such emission in all objects but one. We further estimate lower limits on the extent of the polar dust and show that the polar dust emission is dominating the total MIR emission of the AGN. These findings support the scenario that polar dust is not only ubiquitous in AGN but also an integral part of its structure, processing a significant part of the primary radiation. The polar dust has to be optically thin on average, which explains e.g. the small dispersion in the observed MIR–X-ray luminosity correlation. At the same time, it has to be taken into account when deriving covering factors of obscuring material from MIR to bolometric luminosity ratios. Finally, we find a new tentative trend of increasing MIR emission size with increasing Eddington ratio.
Insights into telomeric G-quadruplex DNA recognition by HMGB1 protein
Authors: Amato Jussara , Cerofolini Linda , Brancaccio Diego , Giuntini Stefano , Iaccarino Nunzia , Zizza Pasquale , Iachettini Sara , Biroccio Annamaria , Novellino Ettore , Rosato Antonio , Fragai Marco , Luchinat Claudio , Randazzo Antonio , Pagano Bruno 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
HMGB1 is a ubiquitous non-histone protein, which biological effects depend on its expression and subcellular location. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 is engaged in many DNA events such as DNA repair, transcription and telomere maintenance. HMGB1 has been reported to bind preferentially to bent DNA as well as to noncanonical DNA structures like 4-way junctions and, more recently, to G-quadruplexes. These are four-stranded conformations of nucleic acids involved in important cellular processes, including telomere maintenance. In this frame, G-quadruplex recognition by specific proteins represents a key event to modulate physiological or pathological pathways. Herein, to get insights into the telomeric G-quadruplex DNA recognition by HMGB1, we performed detailed biophysical studies complemented with biological analyses. The obtained results provided information about the molecular determinants for the interaction and showed that the structural variability of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA may have significant implications in HMGB1 recognition. The biological data identified HMGB1 as a telomere-associated protein in both telomerase-positive and -negative tumor cells and showed that HMGB1 gene silencing in such cells induces telomere DNA damage foci. Altogether, these findings provide a deeper understanding of telomeric G-quadruplex recognition by HMGB1 and suggest that this protein could actually represent a new target for cancer therapy.
Detection of internal N7-methylguanosine (m7G) RNA modifications by mutational profiling sequencing
Authors: Enroth Christel , Poulsen Line Dahl , Iversen Søren , Kirpekar Finn , Albrechtsen Anders , Vinther Jeppe 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Methylation of guanosine on position N7 (m7G) on internal RNA positions has been found in all domains of life and have been implicated in human disease. Here, we present m7G Mutational Profiling sequencing (m7G-MaP-seq), which allows high throughput detection of m7G modifications at nucleotide resolution. In our method, m7G modified positions are converted to abasic sites by reduction with sodium borohydride, directly recorded as cDNA mutations through reverse transcription and sequenced. We detect positions with increased mutation rates in the reduced and control samples taking the possibility of sequencing/alignment error into account and use replicates to calculate statistical significance based on log likelihood ratio tests. We show that m7G-MaP-seq efficiently detects known m7G modifications in rRNA with mutational rates up to 25% and we map a previously uncharacterised evolutionarily conserved rRNA modification at position 1581 in Arabidopsis thaliana SSU rRNA. Furthermore, we identify m7G modifications in budding yeast, human and arabidopsis tRNAs and demonstrate that m7G modification occurs before tRNA splicing. We do not find any evidence for internal m7G modifications being present in other small RNA, such as miRNA, snoRNA and sRNA, including human Let-7e. Likewise, high sequencing depth m7G-MaP-seq analysis of mRNA from E. coli or yeast cells did not identify any internal m7G modifications.
Urinary chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 16 and endostatin as predictors of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in patients with advanced diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Lee Yu Ho , Kim Ki Pyo , Park Sun-Hwa , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Yang-Gyun , Moon Ju-Young , Jung Su-Woong , Kim Jin Sug , Jeong Kyung-Hwan , Lee So-Young , Yang Dong-Ho , Lim Sung-Jig , Woo Jeong-Taek , Rhee Sang Youl , Chon Suk , Choi Hoon-Young , Park Hyeong-Cheon , Jo Young-Il , Yi Joo-Hark , Han Sang-Woong , Lee Sang-Ho 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundInterstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) is a well-recognized risk factor for poor renal outcome in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, a noninvasive biomarker for IFTA is currently lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify urinary markers of IFTA and to determine their clinical relevance as predictors of renal prognosis.MethodsSeventy patients with biopsy-proven isolated DKD were enrolled in this study. We measured multiple urinary inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in these patients and evaluated their association with various pathologic features and renal outcomes.ResultsPatients enrolled in this study exhibited advanced DKD at the time of renal biopsy, characterized by moderate to severe renal dysfunction [mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 36.1 mL/min/1.73 m2] and heavy proteinuria (mean urinary protein:creatinine ratio 7.8 g/g creatinine). Clinicopathologic analysis revealed that higher IFTA scores were associated with worse baseline eGFR (P &lt; 0.001) and poor renal outcome (P = 0.002), whereas glomerular injury scores were not. Among measured urinary inflammatory markers, C-X-C motif ligand 16 (CXCL16) and endostatin showed strong correlations with IFTA scores (P = 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively), and patients with higher levels of urinary CXCL16 and/or endostatin experienced significantly rapid renal progression compared with other patients (P &lt; 0.001). Finally, increased urinary CXCL16 and endostatin were independent risk factors for poor renal outcome after multivariate adjustments (95% confidence interval 1.070–3.455, P = 0.029).ConclusionsUrinary CXCL16 and endostatin could reflect the degree of IFTA and serve as biomarkers of renal outcome in patients with advanced DKD.
Trends in Attempts to Quit Smoking in England Since 2007: A Time Series Analysis of a Range of Population-Level Influences
Authors: Beard Emma , Jackson Sarah E , West Robert , Kuipers Mirte A G , Brown Jamie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aim
To quantify population-level associations between quit attempts and factors that have varied across 2007–2017 in England.

Methods
Data from 51 867 past-year smokers participating in the Smoking Toolkit Study (a monthly cross-sectional survey of individuals aged 16+) were aggregated over an 11-year period. Time series analysis was undertaken using ARIMAX modeling. The input series were: (1) prevalence of smoking reduction using (a) e-cigarettes and (b) nicotine replacement therapy; (2) prevalence of roll-your-own tobacco use; (3) prevalence of (a) smoking and (b) non-daily smoking; (4) mass media expenditure; (5) average expenditure on smoking; (6) characteristics in the form of (a) prevalence of high motivation to quit, (b) average age, (c) proportion from lower social grades, and (d) average number of cigarettes smoked; and (7) implementation of tobacco control policies.

Results
There was a decline in the prevalence of quit attempts from 44.6% to 33.8% over the study period. The partial point-of-sale ban was associated with a temporary increase in quit attempt prevalence (Badjusted = 0.224%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.061 to 0.388). Quit attempts were positively associated with the prevalence of high motivation to quit (Badjusted = 0.165%;95% CI 0.048 to 0.282) and negatively associated with the mean age of smokers (Badjusted = −1.351%; 95% CI −2.168 to −0.534). All other associations were nonsignificant.

Conclusion
Increases in the prevalence of high motivation to quit was associated with higher prevalence of attempts to quit smoking, while an increase in the mean age of smokers was associated with lower prevalence. The introduction of the partial point-of-sale ban appeared to have a temporary positive impact.

Implications
This study provides insight into how monthly changes in a wide range of population-level factors are associated with changes in quit attempts over an extended time period in a country with a strong tobacco control climate. The findings suggest a need for intervention or policy to stimulate quit attempts in older smokers. Otherwise, increases in the mean age of a smokers appears likely to undermine wider efforts to promote quit attempts in a population.
THE USE OF DECONVOLUTION TECHNIQUE FOR THE ANALYSIS OF GAMMA SPECTROMETRY DATA FROM FIELD MONITORING USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
Authors: Klusoň Jaroslav , Thinová Lenka 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Airborne gamma spectrometry is an effective tool for prompt monitoring and mapping of large areas contaminated after NPP accident, radionuclides leakage cases, an impact of uranium ore mining and processing, etc. Airborne spectrometry data analysis using deconvolution technique enables to calculate air kerma rates and/or radionuclides concentrations as well as identification of radionuclides. Application of this technique on the airborne data (from manned as well as an unmanned survey using drones) is rather specific due to the requirements for short time of one scan data acquisition, a relatively long distance from the source and small detector size, due to the limited payload of the usually used drones. Application of deconvolution techniques for analysis of spectra with very poor statistics, methods and possibilities to improve the processing of such spectra are discussed.
ANALYSIS OF RADON TIME SERIES RECORDED IN SLOVAK AND CZECH CAVES FOR THE DETECTION OF ANOMALIES DUE TO SEISMIC PHENOMENA
Authors: Ambrosino Fabrizio , Thinová Lenka , Briestenský Miloš , Sabbarese Carlo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Anomalies in the radon (222Rn) releases in underground environments are one of the phenomena that can be observed before earthquake occurrence. Continuous measurements of radon activity concentration, and of meteorological parameters that influence the gas emission, were performed in three Slovak and Czech caves during 1-y period (1 July 2016–30 June 2017). The radon activity concentration in caves shows seasonal variations, with maxima reached during summer months. The anomalies in the radon time series are identified using a combination of three mathematical methods: multiple linear regression, empirical mode decomposition and support vector regression. The radon anomaly periods were compared with earthquake occurrences in Europe. Coincidences between both phenomena were found, since all monitored caves reflect contemporaneous local tectonic changes. The results indicate that radon continuous monitoring could assist a better understanding of radon emissions, along active tectonic structures, during seismic events.
Phylogenetic Trees and Networks Can Serve as Powerful and Complementary Approaches for Analysis of Genomic Data
Authors: Blair Christopher , Ané Cécile 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGenomic data have had a profound impact on nearly every biological discipline. In systematics and phylogenetics, the thousands of loci that are now being sequenced can be analyzed under the multispecies coalescent model (MSC) to explicitly account for gene tree discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). However, the MSC assumes no gene flow post divergence, calling for additional methods that can accommodate this limitation. Explicit phylogenetic network methods have emerged, which can simultaneously account for ILS and gene flow by representing evolutionary history as a directed acyclic graph. In this point of view, we highlight some of the strengths and limitations of phylogenetic networks and argue that tree-based inference should not be blindly abandoned in favor of networks simply because they represent more parameter rich models. Attention should be given to model selection of reticulation complexity, and the most robust conclusions regarding evolutionary history are likely obtained when combining tree- and network-based inference.
Technical Note: The use of iSperm technology for on-farm measurement of equine sperm motility and concentration
Authors: Moraes Christa R , Runcan Erin E , Blawut Bryan , Coutinho da Silva Marco A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The iSperm is a newly released semen analysis tool from Aidmics Biotechnology Co. LTD, which allows an iPad Mini to be transformed into a handheld microscope with objective semen analysis software for equine available through the Apple Store (version 4.5.2). The aim of this study was to compare iSperm values for sperm motility and sperm concentration to current acceptable methods for semen analysis and to determine the agreement with these methods using statistical methods. Two ejaculates from each of five Standardbred stallions were used to compare sperm motility (computer-assisted semen analysis [CASA] vs. iSperm) and concentration (NucleoCounter SP-100 [NC] vs. hemocytometer vs. iSperm). Data were analyzed by first testing for the differences between the means of each method using a linear mixed-effects model. The agreement between the two continuous measurements for each method was then investigated by computing Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), with a value of 1 indicating perfect agreement between methods. Results are reported as the CCC with the associated 95% confidence interval in parentheses. Means for both total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) were equal between CASA and iSperm values (P = 0.0741 and P = 0.725, respectively). However, means for all velocity measurements were significantly different between CASA and iSperm readings (P &lt; 0.001). For concentration, means were equal between NC and iSperm values (P = 0.748) and for hemocytometer and iSperm values (P = 0.953). The CCC for TM was 0.871 (0.788, 0.923) and for PM was 0.916 (0.847, 0.955) indicating good agreement between methods. Low levels of agreement were observed for all velocity measurements. Finally, the CCC for concentration compared by iSperm and NC was 0.970 (0.949, 0.982) and for iSperm and hemocytometer it was 0.962 (0.934, 0.978), both close to the line of perfect concordance. Although more work is needed to improve the iSperm software for velocity measurements to be acceptable by research standards, in its present form the iSperm will introduce a low-cost and affordable method for on-farm semen analysis (TM, PM, concentration) for breeders and veterinarians. As a result, more farms will have access to accurate sperm analysis tools which will help to standardize semen processing procedures leading to better overall quality of semen used for artificial insemination.
Dynamic dengue haemorrhagic fever calculators as clinical decision support tools in adult dengue
Authors: Tan Ken Wei , Tan Ben , Thein Tun L , Leo Yee-Sin , Lye David C , Dickens Borame L , Wong Joshua Guo Xian , Cook Alex R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to develop multiple prediction tools that calculate the risk of developing dengue haemorrhagic fever.MethodsTraining data consisted of 1771 individuals from 2006–2008 admitted with dengue fever whereby 304 developed dengue haemorrhagic fever during hospitalisation. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to construct three types of calculators, static admission calculators and dynamic calculators that predict the risk of developing dengue haemorrhagic fever for a subsequent day (DAily Risk Tomorrow [DART]) or for any future point after a specific day since fever onset (DAily Risk Ever [DARE]).ResultsFrom 119 admission covariates, 35 were in at least one of the calculators, which reported area under the curve (AUC) values of at least 0.72. Addition of person-time data for DART improved AUC to 0.76. DARE calculators displayed a large increase in AUC to 0.79 past day 7 with the inclusion of a strong predictor, maximum temperature on day 6 since onset, indicative of a saddleback fever.ConclusionsAll calculators performed well when validated with 2005 data. Addition of daily variables further improved the accuracy. These calculators can be used in tandem to assess the risk of dengue haemorrhagic fever upon admission and updated daily to obtain more precise risk estimates.