bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo‐electric field analysis of AC XLPE cable in monopole, bipole, and tripole DC operation modes
Authors: Chen Xiangrong , Yu Jingzhe , Zhou Hao 
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a numerical analysis of thermo‐electric fields of 10 and 35 kV AC XLPE cables in monopole, and tripole DC operating modes based on conduction current measurements. DC conductivities and electric field thresholds of the space charge accumulation for XLPE materials were estimated at different temperatures and electric fields. The result showed that the electric field threshold of the space charge accumulation for the materials reduced with an increase of the temperature. DC currents of the cables were increased with the increase of the operating temperatures in the three DC operation modes. The maximum DC operation voltage of the cables increased with the decline of the operation temperature in the three DC operation modes. The maximum transient electric fields were below the threshold of the space charge accumulation for the cables in the tripole DC operation. The maximum transmission power of the 10 kV XLPE cable in the DC operation modes was at 60° C, whereas the maximum transmission power of the 35 kV XLPE cable was at 50° C. It was elucidated that the 10 kV AC XLPE cable could have more advantages than the 35 kV AC XLPE cable in the three DC operation modes.
Plasma heating by magnetoacoustic wave propagation in the vicinity of a 2.5D magnetic null-point
Authors: Sabri S. , Poedts S. , Ebadi H. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves have significant potential as a plasma heating mechanism. Finding a suitable wave dissipation mechanism is a very tough task, given the many observational constraints on the models, and this has resulted in the development of an important research community in solar physics. The magnetic field structure has an important role in the solar corona heating. Here, we investigate in detail current sheet mode generation via magnetic reconnection and mode conversion releases some of the free magnetic energy and produces heating. In addition, energy conversion is discussed completely. Moreover, nonlinear effects on density variations and, in turn, mode conversion are pursued.Aims. In order to assess the role of magnetoacoustic waves in plasma heating, we have modeled in detail a fast magneto-acoustic wave pulse near a magnetic null-point in a finite plasma-β. The behavior of the propagation and dissipation of the fast magneto-acoustic wave is investigated in the inhomogeneous magnetically structured solar corona. Particular attention is given to the dissipation of waves and coronal heating and energy transfer in the solar corona, focusing on the energy transfer resulting from the interaction of fast magneto-acoustic waves with 2.5D magnetic null-points.Methods. The shock−capturing Godunov−type PLUTO code was used to solve the ideal MHD set of equations in the context of wave-plasma energy transfer.Results. It is shown that magneto-acoustic waves could be a viable candidate to contribute significantly to the heating of the solar corona and maintain the solar corona at a temperature of a few million degrees. The temperature is not constant in the corona. Coronal heating occurs near magnetic null points. It is found that magnetic reconnection, phase mixing and mode conversion contribute to the heating. Moreover, nonlinear fast and slow magnetoacoustic waves are decoupled except inβ = 1 layer.
Schilddrüsen-Elastografie
Authors: Bojunga Jörg , Mondorf Antonia 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungSchilddrüsenknoten sind ein häufiger Befund insbesondere in Regionen mit
unzureichender Iodversorgung. Ultraschall ist das sensitivste Verfahren zum
Nachweis von Schilddrüsenknoten, hat aber eine nicht ausreichende Genauigkeit
bei der Unterscheidung zwischen gutartigen und bösartigen Schilddrüsenknoten.
Daher ist bei auffälligen Knoten in der Sonografie derzeit die
Feinnadel-Aspiration-Biopsie (FNAB) diagnostisches Verfahren der Wahl. Dennoch
wird bei einer relevanten Anzahl von Patienten mit letztlich gutartigen
Schilddrüsenknoten eine Operation mehr aus diagnostischer als aus
therapeutischer Intention durchgeführt. Ein klassisches Kriterium der
Bösartigkeit ist eine harte oder feste Konsistenz bei Palpation. Bisher war
dieses Kriterium subjektiv und abhängig von der Erfahrung des Untersuchers. Mit
der Einführung der ultraschallbasierten Elastografie steht eine reproduzierbare
Beurteilung der Gewebekonsistenz zur Verfügung. Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels
ist eine aktuelle Darstellung der verschiedenen verfügbaren Techniken sowie
deren Ergebnisse, sowohl für die Differenzierung von Schilddrüsenknoten als auch
für diffuse Schilddrüsenerkrankungen. Vorteile und Grenzen der Elastografie
werden kritisch diskutiert.
Nah an der Realität
Authors: Lerner Dieter , Luiz Thomas 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDie fortschreitende Digitalisierung eröffnet auch dem Pflegebereich völlig neue
Wege für das Training und Lernen. Virtual-Reality-Technologien werden dabei
künftig eine zunehmend große Rolle spielen. So lässt sich an virtuellen
Patienten mittlerweile vieles effektiver erlernen als am realen Patienten, noch
dazu ohne diesen durch Fehlverhalten eventuell zu schädigen. Didaktisch sinnvoll
eingesetzt, kann die neue Technik eine wertvolle Ergänzung zur nachhaltigen
Kompetenzentwicklung sein.
Vom „Silver Worker“ bis zur „Generation Z“
Authors: Wilden Tanja 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungArbeitgeber haben es heute mit sehr unterschiedlichen Generationen zu tun, die
ganz verschiedene Kompetenzen, aber auch Ansprüche an ihren Arbeitsplatz
mitbringen – auch in der ambulanten Intensivpflege. Wie geht man mit diesen
verschiedenen Typen um? Wie motiviert man sie? Wie kann man sie an den
Arbeitsplatz binden? Und wie lässt sich deren Gesundheit erhalten? Autorin Tanja
Wilden hat sich die Generationentypen näher angesehen und versucht, Antworten
auf diese Fragen zu finden.
Wenn man sich selbst einfach nicht „riechen”
kann
Authors: Schmidt René , Haiduk Michael , Grocholewski Anja 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Olfaktorische Referenzstörung (ORS) ist ein bisher wenig erforschtes und kaum
bekanntes Phänomen, welches in den letzten Jahren jedoch stärker in das
Interesse der Forschung rückt. Mit diesem Übersichtsartikel sollte die bisherige
Literatur zusammengefasst und mithilfe einer Kasuistik an einem Beispiel
verdeutlicht werden. Für die Recherche wurden die Datenbanken Pubmed, PsychNet,
PsychPub, Hogrefe EContent und die Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) nach Schlagwörtern
im Abstract und in den Stichwörtern durchsucht. Die identifizierte Literatur
macht deutlich, dass ein eklatanter Mangel an gut angelegten Studien zum ORS
vorherrscht, der alle nosologischen Bereiche dieses Phänomens betrifft. Da der
von ORS Patienten geschilderte Leidensdruck erheblich ist, wäre für eine
effiziente Behandlung eine gezielte Grundlagenforschung dringend anzuregen.
Contralateral Approach to Paraclinoid Aneurysms: Angiographic Analysis and Surgical Results of 12 Patients
Authors: Wang Jiantao , Wu Jun , Cao Yong , Kan Zhisheng , Wang Shuo 
Published: March 2019

Background and Study Aims To explore the usefulness of a unilateral approach for clipping multiple aneurysms including a contralateral paraclinoid aneurysm.
Materials and Methods Between January 2011 and May 2016, the unilateral approach was used to clip a contralateral paraclinoid aneurysm plus additional ipsilateral aneurysms. The records of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.
Results A total of 27 bilateral aneurysms in 12 patients were clipped successfully via a unilateral pterional craniotomy. All patients showed a good recovery (Glasgow Outcome Scale score: 5). Postoperative digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography angiography did not show any residual aneurysm. Of the three patients with preoperative visual symptoms, two showed improvement. No visual function impairment was observed among the others.
Conclusion The contralateral approach remains a safe and reliable treatment option for selected paraclinoid aneurysms and allows to clip additional ipsilateral aneurysm(s). Feasibility depends on the type of paraclinoid aneurysm and other specific related features. It is an alternative approach for experienced neurosurgeons.
Alpha-fetoprotein for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Transplant Selection
Authors: Trevisani Franco , Garuti Francesca , Neri Andrea 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReliable biomarkers are of great clinical value in predicting cancer occurrence/recurrence, anticipating its detection at an asymptomatic stage, supporting the radiological diagnosis, stratifying patients for prognosis and proper therapy, and measuring the response to treatment. Despite the plethora of biomarkers proposed for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the first one identified, α-fetoprotein (AFP), remains the most utilized. This article reviews the lights and shadows of AFP as a surveillance test for patients at risk of HCC, and as a diagnostic test for those with chronic liver disease and a suspected hepatic mass. Moreover, the article scrutinizes the large body of evidence supporting the prognostic relevance of AFP in patients undergoing both curative and palliative treatment of HCC and the growing importance attributed to this biomarker (as a static or a dynamic variable) in the selection of potential candidates for liver transplantation. In fact, the inclusion of AFP among transplant criteria would improve the ability of identifying poor candidates due to an unacceptable risk of HCC recurrence regardless of tumor burden, and of adopting flexible morphological selection criteria.
Free Tissue Transfer Penile Reconstruction
Authors: Cohn Jason , Wang Weitao , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Ducic Yadranko , Kropp Bradley 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhalloplasty can be a challenging plastic surgery procedure associated with complications and unsatisfactory results. Phalloplasty has become an important procedure in the setting of trauma, partial or complete excision of the penis, and gender affirmation. Advances in microsurgery has expanded penile reconstruction through free tissue transfer techniques which include the radial forearm free flap, fibular osteocutaneous flap, anterolateral thigh flap, latissimus dorsi flap, scapular flap, and abdominal flaps. Each procedure has advantages and disadvantages; most of the procedures achieve adequate cosmetic results with high patient satisfaction. Most of the surgical complications are related to the reconstruction of the urethra or creating rigidity for intercourse. The main goals of reconstruction are to create a cosmetically appealing phallus with satisfactory sexual function.
Postoperative Free-Flap Monitoring Techniques
Authors: Kohlert Scott , Quimby Alexandra , Saman Masoud , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFree tissue transfer is commonly employed in the reconstruction of large or complicated defects. Postoperative flap failure from microvascular compromise is an uncommon but major potential complication of this procedure. As such, many postoperative monitoring techniques devices have been developed. This paper provides an overview of the wide variety of options available for surgeons today.
Free Tissue Reconstruction of the Scalp
Authors: Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Misch Emily , Vincent Aurora , Wang Weitao , Kadakia Sameep , Smith Jesse , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReconstruction of scalp defects can be accomplished by many methods, but larger defects, especially those in which the periosteum is absent or calvarial defects are present, require free tissue transfer. Various methods of scalp reconstruction, as guided by the defect components and size, are presented herein, with a focus on free tissue transfer. Different free flaps for scalp reconstructed are described with a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages. Overall, free tissue transfer for scalp defects provides a reliable, durable, and cosmetically adequate reconstructive option.
Saline Load Test for Detecting Traumatic Arthrotomy in the Wrist
Authors: Goyal Nitin , Bohl Daniel D. , Frank Rachel M. , Slikker William , Fernandez John J. , Cohen Mark S. , Wysocki Robert W. 
Published: March 2019

Background Open injuries communicating with the wrist joint are essential to detect to facilitate timely, appropriate treatment. While the saline load test to detect traumatic arthrotomy has been well studied in the knee and ankle, it has not been studied in the wrist, and therefore the appropriate volume of saline infusion to detect traumatic arthrotomy is not known.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to utilize wrist arthroscopy to determine the saline infusion volume necessary to achieve 99% sensitivity in detecting traumatic arthrotomy.
Methods Twenty consecutive patients undergoing elective wrist arthroscopy were prospectively enrolled. A 5-mm arthrotomy was established between the third and fourth dorsal extensor compartments. An 18-gauge needle was inserted into the 6R portal on the radial side of the extensor carpi ulnaris. Sterile normal saline was injected into the wrist joint through the needle at a rate of 0.1 mL per second until extravasation from the 3–4 portal was visualized. Saline volumes required for extravasation were analyzed.
Results The mean saline volume required for extravasation was 0.8 mL. The volume of saline needed to achieve sensitivities of 50, 90, 95, and 99% were 0.4, 2.2, 2.3, and 2.5 mL respectively.
Conclusions The saline infusion volume required to detect a dorsal radiocarpal arthrotomy with 99% sensitivity was 2.5 mL. We recommend using at least 2.5 mL when performing the saline load test to rule out a potential arthrotomy to the wrist in the traumatic setting.
Level of Evidence: This is a Level II, diagnostic study.
Assessing Adverse Childhood Experiences during Pregnancy: Evidence toward a Best Practice
Authors: Nguyen Megan , Heberlein Emily , Covington-Kolb Sarah , Gerstner Anne , Gaspard Amber , Eichelberger Kacey 
Published: March 2019

Objective To quantify the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among a diverse urban cohort of pregnant women.
Study Design The ACE survey was self-administered to 600 women categorized evenly between the waiting room, private examination rooms, and CenteringPregnancy group spaces. The percentage of women willing to complete the survey per location was compared using chi-square tests, and the mean ACE score per arm was compared using Wilcoxon's rank–sum test.
Results Of the 660 women approached for participation, 5% declined; 67% reported ≥ 1 ACE exposure and 19% reported an ACE score of ≥ 4. By domain, 59% experienced household dysfunction, 25% abuse, and 25% neglect. Women in the waiting room were more likely to decline participation (p < 0.01), and those participating in the postpartum inpatient arm had a significantly lower proportion affirming 8 of 10 ACE questions, were less likely to report ≥1 ACE, and had a lower mean ACE score when compared with the outpatient arm (p < 0.01).
Conclusion The prevalence of ACEs in this diverse pregnant cohort was high. The ideal locations to distribute the survey are the outpatient examination rooms.
Interhemispheric plasticity is mediated by maximal potentiation of callosal inputs
Authors: Petrus Emily , Saar Galit , Ma Zhiwei , Dodd Steve , Isaac John T. R. , Koretsky Alan P. 
Published: March 2019

Significance
The corpus callosum is a large fiber bundle which connects contralateral brain regions. After unilateral perturbations such as stroke or amputation, interhemispheric connectivity is altered and often leads to bilateral somatomotor cortical hyperactivity in patients with poor recovery. This study reports that callosal targeting of deprived layer 5 neurons is maximally potentiated in mouse primary somatosensory barrel cortex after unilateral whisker denervation. These neurons also experience an increase in excitability and spontaneous excitatory amplitudes. These results should be relevant to the cortical responses observed in human patients after unilateral nerve transection, amputation, or stroke.
Microbiomes in ruminant protein production and food security.
Authors: Myer P. R. , Clemmons B. A. , Schneider L. G. , Ault T. B. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The global population is rapidly increasing and will surpass 10 billion people within the next 20 years. As diminishing resources continue to impact agriculture, and with the necessity to feed the world by 2050, the agricultural sector must be able to sustainably and efficiently produce high-quality sources of food that are both attainable to the global population and contribute to healthy, balanced nutrition. Ruminants are a unique contributor towards a sustainable and food secure world, as they are available and utilized across all economic and social demographics, and can produce high-quality protein from otherwise inedible plants from land that is typically unsuitable for crop production or cultivation. Thus, developing tools, methodologies, and systems for optimizing the production of protein from ruminants stands to make great impacts on food security. Breeding and genetics have played a role in this development, but cannot be a singular solution. Microbes are present at abundances that equal or exceed host cell counts, are ubiquitous throughout all mammalian systems and are required for regular host-physiological functions. Optimizing these host-microbe-symbioses in ruminants permits the opportunity to augment the utility and efficiency of microbiomes and their functions to produce production-specific phenotypes and outputs. This review, therefore, examines the role of microbiomes in ruminants to efficiently and sustainably produce high-quality protein for human consumption to aid in efforts to achieve global food security.
From Hérodias to Hérodiade: Massenet’s Idiosyncratic Take on the Salomé Myth
Authors: Claeys Phaedra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMassenet’s Hérodiade (1881) is today one of the lesser-known variations of the Salomé myth. Although based on Flaubert’s Hérodias (1877) and written and premiered at the height of the narrative’s popularity, the opera displays some peculiar deviations from both Flaubert’s tale and other, especially fin-de-siècle, renderings of the myth. By situating Hérodiade’s departures from Flaubert’s short story within both the framework of operatic conventions and the broader context of the opera’s genesis, this article highlights Hérodiade’s status as a self-contained rendering, rather than a mere dramatic rewriting of the story—let alone an unfaithful adaptation. In doing so, three main elements that played an essential role in the process of (re)creation are brought to attention: the conventions of grand opera, Massenet’s own aesthetics and interpretation of the tale, and the impact of the socio-political context of France’s Third Republic on the opera’s development.
Genomic Research and American Indian Tribal Communities in Oklahoma: Learning From Past Research Misconduct and Building Future Trusting Partnerships
Authors: Chadwick Jennifer Q , Copeland Kenneth C , Branam Dannielle E , Erb-Alvarez Julie A , Khan Sohail I , Peercy Michael T , Rogers Mark E , Saunkeah Bobby R , Tryggestad Jeanie B , Wharton David F 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Research misconduct and consequential harms have been inflicted upon American Indian/Alaska Native communities for decades. To protect their people and culture and to retain oversight over research, many Native communities have established tribal health research and institutional review boards. The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Study showcases a successful, trusting research collaboration with tribal nations and academic investigators in Oklahoma. In 2006, the TODAY Study investigators proposed a modification of the study protocol to collect biological specimens from participants for genomic analyses and indefinite storage. Partnering American Indian tribal nations elected not to participate in the genomics collection and repository proposal. Reasons included 1) protection of cultural values, 2) concerns regarding community anonymity, 3) a potential threat to tribal services eligibility, 4) broad informed consent language, and 5) vague definitions of data access and usage. The nations believed the proposed genomics analyses presented a risk of harm to their people and nations without clear benefit. Since the 2006 proposal and the advancement of genomics research, many tribal communities in Oklahoma, appreciating the potential benefits of genomic research, are developing policies regarding oversight of/access to data and biological specimens to mitigate risks and provide members and communities with opportunities to participate in safe and meaningful genomic research.
Relationships of Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury Levels With Albuminuria in US Adults: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Database, 2009–2012
Authors: Zhu Xiu-Juan , Wang Jing-Jing , Mao Jian-Hua , Shu Qiang , Du Li-Zhong 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated associations between cadmium, lead, and mercury levels and the presence of albuminuria in US adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during the period 2009–2012. A total of 2,926 adults aged ≥20 years were included, representing a population-based sample of 18,264,307 persons. Data on blood and urinary levels of cadmium, lead, and mercury and urinary albumin concentration (albuminuria, measured as albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥30 mg/g) were obtained. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze associations between log-transformed cadmium, lead, and mercury levels and the presence of albuminuria. Urinary ACR was significantly higher among participants with a blood cadmium level of 0.349–0.692 μg/L (quartile 3) than in those with a blood cadmium level less than or equal to 0.243 μg/L (quartile 1) (crude β = 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.28). Participants with a urinary cadmium level greater than or equal to 0.220 μg/L had a significantly higher ACR (0.220–0.403 μg/L (quartile 3): crude β = 0.12 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.21); ≥0.404 μg/L (quartile 4): crude β = 0.29 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.39)) than those with a urinary cadmium level less than or equal to 0.126 μg/L (quartile 1). In conclusion, only blood and urinary cadmium levels, not mercury or lead levels, were associated with albuminuria among adults in this population.
Illuminating the Anthropocene: Ecopoetic Explorers at the Edge of the Naturecultures Abyss
Authors: Quetchenbach Bernard 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This essay-review considers three recent ecocritical texts that examine the environmental imagination at work in contemporary North American experimental ecopoetry. Compensating for decades of ecocritical neglect, the scholars represented by these volumes turn their attention to experimental poetry of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Special attention is focused on the work of poets attempting to synthesize art and science, and to develop poetics as a means to forge and communicate new links between species. Striving to incorporate environmental systems into poetic structures, contemporary ecopoets promote a crucial role and an ambitious agenda for the genre. Spurred by the Anthropocene imperative to reconfigure relationships between human and nonhuman, civilization and planet, nature and culture, experimental ecopoets create art that is both playful and urgent, but often difficult and obscure. The criticism gathered in these texts provides timely and much-needed theory and context illuminating a vibrant and important movement, or series of related movements, meant to equip both poetry and human culture for coping with the challenges posed by Anthropocene conditions and necessities.