bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
True dipole wander
Authors: Olson Peter , Landeau Maylis , Reynolds Evan 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY
A fundamental assumption in palaeomagnetism is that the geomagnetic field closely approximates a geocentric axial dipole in time average. Here we use numerical dynamos driven by heterogeneous core–mantle boundary heat flux from a mantle global circulation model to demonstrate how mantle convection produces true dipole wander, rotation of the geomagnetic dipole on geologic timescales. Our heterogeneous mantle-driven dynamos show a dipole rotation about a near-equatorial axis in response to the transition in lower mantle heterogeneity from a highly asymmetric pattern at the time of supercontinent Pangea to a more symmetric pattern today. This predicted dipole rotation overlaps with a palaeomagnetically inferred rotation in the opposite direction and suggests that some events previously interpreted as true polar wander also include true dipole wander.
Predicting individual physiologically acceptable states at discharge from a pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Carlin Cameron S , Ho Long V , Ledbetter David R , Aczon Melissa D , Wetzel Randall C 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
Quantify physiologically acceptable PICU-discharge vital signs and develop machine learning models to predict these values for individual patients throughout their PICU episode.

Methods
EMR data from 7256 survivor PICU episodes (5632 patients) collected between 2009 and 2017 at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles was analyzed. Each episode contained 375 variables representing physiology, labs, interventions, and drugs. Between medical and physical discharge, when clinicians determined the patient was ready for ICU discharge, they were assumed to be in a physiologically acceptable state space (PASS) for discharge. Each patient’s heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure in the PASS window were measured and compared to age-normal values, regression-quantified PASS predictions, and recurrent neural network (RNN) PASS predictions made 12 hours after PICU admission.

Results
Mean absolute errors (MAEs) between individual PASS values and age-normal values (HR: 21.0 bpm; SBP: 10.8 mm Hg; DBP: 10.6 mm Hg) were greater (p &lt; .05) than regression prediction MAEs (HR: 15.4 bpm; SBP: 9.9 mm Hg; DBP: 8.6 mm Hg). The RNN models best approximated individual PASS values (HR: 12.3 bpm; SBP: 7.6 mm Hg; DBP: 7.0 mm Hg).

Conclusions
The RNN model predictions better approximate patient-specific PASS values than regression and age-normal values.
Lung cancer screening: does pulmonary nodule detection affect a range of smoking behaviours?
Authors: Clark Marcia E , Young Ben , Bedford Laura E , das Nair Roshan , Robertson John F R , Vedhara Kavita , Sullivan Francis , Mair Frances S , Schembri Stuart , Littleford Roberta C , Kendrick Denise 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Lung cancer screening can reduce lung cancer mortality by 20%. Screen-detected abnormalities may provide teachable moments for smoking cessation. This study assesses impact of pulmonary nodule detection on smoking behaviours within the first UK trial of a novel auto-antibody test, followed by chest x-ray and serial CT scanning for early detection of lung cancer (Early Cancer Detection Test–Lung Cancer Scotland Study).

Methods
Test-positive participants completed questionnaires on smoking behaviours at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months. Logistic regression compared outcomes between nodule (n = 95) and normal CT groups (n = 174) at 3 and 6 months follow-up.

Results
No significant differences were found between the nodule and normal CT groups for any smoking behaviours and odds ratios comparing the nodule and normal CT groups did not vary significantly between 3 and 6 months. There was some evidence the nodule group were more likely to report significant others wanted them to stop smoking than the normal CT group (OR across 3- and 6-month time points: 3.04, 95% CI: 0.95, 9.73; P = 0.06).

Conclusion
Pulmonary nodule detection during lung cancer screening has little impact on smoking behaviours. Further work should explore whether lung cancer screening can impact on perceived social pressure and promote smoking cessation.
Quantitative Genetics of the Maize Leaf Microbiome
Authors: Wallace Jason G. , Kremling Karl A. , Kovar Lynsey L. , Buckler Edward S. 
Published: August 2018

The degree to which the genotype of an organism can affect the composition of its associated microbial communities (“microbiome”) varies by organism and habitat, and in many cases is unknown. We analyzed the metabolically active bacteria of maize leaves across 300 diverse maize lines growing in a common environment. We performed comprehensive heritability analysis for 49 community diversity metrics, 380 bacterial clades, and 9,042 predicted metagenomic functions. We find that only a few bacterial clades (5) and diversity metrics (2) are significantly heritable, while a much larger number of metabolic functions (200) are. Many of these associations appear to be driven by the Methylobacteria in each sample. Among these heritable metabolic traits, Fisher’s exact test identifies significant overrepresentation of traits relating to short-chain carbon metabolism, secretion, and nitrotoluene degradation. Genome-wide association analysis identified a small number of associated loci for these heritable traits, including two that affect multiple traits. Our results indicate that while most of the maize leaf microbiome composition is driven by environmental factors and/or stochastic founder events, a subset of bacterial taxa and metabolic functions is nonetheless significantly impacted by host genetics. Additional work will be needed to identify the exact nature of these interactions and what effects they may have on their host. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Recent developments in classification criteria and diagnosis guidelines for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Oldroyd Alexander , Chinoy Hector 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
The aim of this review was to summarize key developments in classification and diagnosis of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs).

Recent findings
The recently published European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria for the IIMs provide a comprehensive, accurate and data-driven approach to identification of IIM cases appropriate for inclusion in research studies. Further, recent studies have advanced understanding of clinical manifestations of the IIMs and delineated the role of imaging, particularly magnetic resonance.

Summary
The recent publication of the EULAR/ACR classification criteria will potentially greatly improve IIM research through more accurate case identification and standardization across studies.
Future inclusion of newly recognized clinical associations with the MSAs may further improve the criteria's accuracy and utility. Clear and comprehensive understanding of associations between clinical manifestations, prognosis and multisystem involvement can aid diagnostic assessment; recent advances include delineation of such associations and expansion of the role of imaging.
Diurnal Physical Activity Patterns in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Parwanta Zohra , Chan-Thim Emilie , Moullec Grégory , Pepin Véronique 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have reduced physical activity (PA) levels compared with healthy controls. The pattern of their PA level during the day is much less documented. A better understanding of these diurnal PA patterns could help optimize interventions targeting PA levels in this population. The aim of this study was to examine, in patients with COPD, diurnal PA patterns using accelerometer data and different approaches to data handling (arbitrary, mealtime, equal tertiles).

Methods:
Fourteen COPD patients (aged 71 ± 9 yr; forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1]: 58% ± 13% predicted) completed the study. Daily PA was assessed via accelerometry for 7 d, 24 hr/d. Diurnal PA patterns were evaluated using an arbitrary (08:00-12:00, 12:01-16:00, 16:01-20:00), mealtime (wake time-lunchtime, lunchtime-suppertime, suppertime-bedtime), and equal tertiles (tertiles 1, 2, and 3) approaches. Results were interpreted on the basis of descriptive statistics and effect sizes (Cohen f) for time-of-day changes in PA.

Results:
Regardless of the handling approach used, mean PA levels decreased in the evening and the effect size for time-of-day changes in PA level was large (f = 0.97; 1.82; and 1.66 for the arbitrary, mealtimes, and tertiles approaches, respectively). The observation of a decrease in the evening was highly homogeneous across our sample, particularly with the mealtime and equal tertiles handling approach.

Conclusion:
Results from this study support prior findings that PA levels decrease substantially in the evening in patients with COPD, thereby providing a better understanding of within-day PA behavior and offering valuable insight into interventions targeting PA.
A Review of Indoor and Outdoor Radon Equilibrium Factors—part II: 220Rn
Authors: Chen Jing , Harley Naomi H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Radon exposure levels are given in terms of radon gas concentration in the air. However, in the calculation of radon dose to the lung, the radon equilibrium equivalent concentration is used. The measured equilibrium factor times the measured radon gas concentration estimates the equilibrium equivalent concentration. Therefore, equilibrium factor is an important factor in radon dose calculations. A review of published measurements of equilibrium factors shows a range of values reported in studies from more than 13 countries and regions measured in indoor residential, indoor public, and outdoor environments. Values for 220Rn are reported and discussed here as the second of a two-part series, with special attention paid to results from India and China, where measured equilibrium factors are reported for hundreds and thousands of households, respectively. The wide range of measured equilibrium factors suggests that location-specific values measured in the typical breathing zone are more appropriate than a worldwide average value in the calculation of lung bronchial dose.
Improvement in Functional Outcomes with the Infinite Socket
Authors: Isaacson Brad M. , Lin Stephanie C. , Rothberg David L. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The prosthetic socket, which provides an important patient interface for weight bearing and mobility, cannot adequately account for the dynamics of the residual limb, and problems with pain, skin breakdown, verrucous hyperplasia, and bursitis are frequent. To address these issues, LIM Innovations, a prosthetics manufacturer, has developed the Infinite Socket, an adjustable, custom-molded modular socket made of a carbon fiber frame and a two-part tensioning system that can be adjusted by the user.

Materials and Methods
Patients with transtibial or transfemoral amputations were asked to participate in this study between the period of June 30, 2015, and January 1, 2017, if they had a standard-of-care thermoplastic socket and were dissatisfied. Patients were fit with an Infinite Socket, and functional outcome tests were performed at the time of the Infinite Socket fitting. It was hypothesized that the Infinite Socket would improve functional outcomes compared with the subjects' legacy prosthetic sockets.

Results
One hundred twenty-seven patients with limb loss (18 transtibial and 109 transfemoral) participated in this study. The mean age of participants was 48 years (range, 19–82) and 82% were male. Data indicate that the Infinite Socket had superior outcomes compared with legacy standard-of-care prosthetic sockets for socket comfort scores (7.64 ± 2.00 vs. 4.52 ± 2.22, P < 0.0001), 2-minute walk test (108.80 ± 31.28 vs. 101.53 ± 33.96, P = 0.007), and the Four-Step Square Test (17.01 ± 12.14 vs. 21.57 ± 18.52, P = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference in the L Test (30.98 ± 27.51, 36.31 ± 45.64, P = 0.246).

Conclusions
A new modular, patient-adjustable prosthetic socket demonstrated improved functional outcomes compared with the legacy standard-of-care prosthetic socket. Participants reported higher socket comfort scores and mobility scores were improved for the two-minute walk test and Four-Step Square Test for those using the Infinite Socket.
Prediction and Management for Relapse of Type 1 Autoimmune Pancreatitis After Initial Steroid Treatment
Authors: Xin Lei , Meng Qian-Qian , Hu Liang-Hao , Lin Han , Pan Jun , Hao Lu , Liu Pei-Pei , Qian Wei , Wang Luo-Wei , Li Zhao-Shen 
Published: August 2018

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the frequency, predictors, and management of relapse of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) after steroid treatment.

Methods
One hundred one patients with type 1 AIP receiving steroid as initial treatment were enrolled. Predictors were identified by multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards model. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.

Results
Thirty-nine (41.1%) patients experienced relapse after steroid treatment during a median follow-up of 40 months. The cumulative rate of relapse reached a plateau at 57.6% (95% CI, 50.3%–64.9%) at 59 months. Without maintenance therapy (HR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.35–15.17) and proximal bile duct involvement (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.07–4.14) were identified as risk factors. Repeated steroid treatment with the same initial dose but longer induction and tapering duration was given to 87.2% patients with relapse and obtained response (97.1%) during a short-term follow-up (median, 19 months).

Conclusions
Relapses are common in type 1 AIP after steroid treatment. Without maintenance therapy and proximal bile duct involvement were risk factors. Repeated steroid treatment with longer duration is effective for relapse.
The Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis After Negative Computed Tomography Findings of the Etiology
Authors: Kim Dae Bum , Paik Chang-Nyol , Song Do Seon , Kim Hyun A. , Kim Yeon-Ji , Lee Ji Min , Hwang Seong Su 
Published: August 2018

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the roles of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in detecting the causes of acute pancreatitis after negative computed tomography (CT) findings.

Methods
Demographic characteristics, blood test results, the severity of pancreatitis, and definite or possible etiology of pancreatitis by EUS and MRCP were evaluated prospectively in 65 consecutively admitted patients after negative CT findings.

Results
Endoscopic ultrasonography and/or MRCP confirmed the definite causes of pancreatitis in 47.7% (31/65) (choledocholithiasis, 25; pancreatic divisum, 3; pancreatic cancer, 1; and pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, 1). The possible causes were cholelithiasis in 75.4%, pancreaticobiliary common channel (PBCC) in 70.8%, and both in 89.2%. The diagnostic values of EUS were higher than MRCP for choledocholithiasis (35.4% vs 12.3%, P < 0.05). Cholelithiasis and the common bile duct diameter were independent factors for the definite etiology of acute pancreatitis. Choledocholithiasis was inversely associated with PBCC, and the common bile duct diameter was the only independent factor associated with PBCC.

Conclusions
Endoscopic ultrasonography is a useful imaging modality for detecting definite or possible causes of acute pancreatitis. A PBCC as well as biliary lithiasis could be not uncommon causes of acute pancreatitis after negative CT findings.
Self-management Needs of Breast Cancer Survivors After Treatment: Results From a Focus Group Interview
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Park Sihyun , Kim Sei Joong , Hur Min Hee , Lee Bo Gyeong , Han Mi Sook 
Published: August 2018

Background
Recognition of the importance of self-management (SM) for breast cancer survivors (BCSs) is increasing, but evidence from investigations of their needs focusing on SM is limited.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the SM needs of BCSs who had completed treatment.

Methods
Using a qualitative study design, we interviewed a focus group of 20 BCSs who underwent cancer therapy (mean time since diagnosis 3.4 years) at a university hospital in South Korea. Data were analyzed via conventional content analysis.

Results
The focus group interviews revealed 10 subthemes that we organized into 5 themes about the posttreatment SM needs of BCSs: (1) symptom management needs, (2) emotional management needs, (3) information acquisition needs, (4) need for a relationship with healthcare providers, and (5) adaptation needs. Specifically, participants needed to acquire SM skills to relieve symptoms (eg, peripheral neuropathy, insomnia), deal with emotional problems (eg, fear of recurrence, anxiety, depression), and adapt to changes due to cancer treatment (eg, body image, lifestyle, and role changes). In particular, participants expressed a substantial need for a constructive relationship with healthcare providers who, by respecting and communicating with them, would help empower them. Participants placed a high value on building self-confidence for successful SM.

Conclusions
Our findings can contribute to the development of breast cancer survivorship care plans by emphasizing posttreatment SM.

Implications for Practice
Future SM support intervention for BCSs after treatment should focus on training SM skills, enhancing the survivor-provider relationship, and building survivor self-confidence.
Mode of Delivery in Severe Preeclampsia Before 28 Weeks' Gestation: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Eerden Leonoor , Gaugler-Senden Ingrid , de Vries Ralph J. , Zeeman Gerda G. , de Groot Christianne J. M. , Bolte Antoinette C. 
Published: August 2018

Importance
Preeclampsia with an onset before 28 weeks' gestation poses dilemmas for the obstetrician with regard to the mode of delivery.

Objective
The aim of this study was to analyze the success rate of attempted vaginal delivery and the maternal and neonatal outcome according to the mode of delivery in women with preeclampsia and an indicated delivery before 28 weeks' gestation.

Evidence Acquisition
A comprehensive search was performed in the bibliographic databases PubMed, Embase.com, and Wiley Cochrane Library. The main outcome was success rate of attempted vaginal delivery. Secondary outcomes were maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Results
Eight studies describing a total of 800 women were included. Success rates of vaginal delivery varied from 1.8% to 80%, and rates for cesarean delivery after induction of labor varied from 13% to 51%. The rates for planned cesarean delivery varied from 0% to 73%. Two studies (n = 53) described no statistical significant differences in maternal outcomes. Two other studies (n = 107) report no statistical difference in neonatal outcome.

Conclusions
Studies that report the success rate of attempted vaginal delivery are limited in size. However, giving the available evidence in the reported studies a trial of labor is a considerable option in counseling women with a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia before 28 weeks' gestation due to the similar maternal and neonatal outcome. No differences in maternal or neonatal outcome were attributed to the mode of delivery, however, numbers are small.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to counsel women with early-onset preeclampsia on mode of delivery; critically appraise articles on mode of delivery in women with preeclampsia with an onset before 28 weeks' gestation; and avoid performing randomized controlled trials on mode of delivery in women with preeclampsia before 28 weeks' gestation, due to limited feasibility.
Anterior versus Posterior Component Separation: Which Is Better?
Authors: Kumar Shyanie , Edmunds R. Wesley , Dowdy Callie , Chang Yu-Wei Wayne , King Robert , Roth J. Scott 
Published: August 2018

Summary:
In the field of hernia surgery, there have been many advances in techniques that have provided the surgeon with a variety of options to repair the difficult abdominal wall hernia. Regardless of the technique, the ultimate goal was to provide a tension-free repair, which attempts to approximate the midline while returning abdominal wall musculature to its normal anatomic position, thus providing the patient with both a cosmetic and durable result with or without the use of a prosthetic reinforcement. Component separation techniques have been widely popularized as techniques to repair complex hernias and are frequently categorized based upon the anatomic location of the myofascial release. CSTs are generally categorized as either an anterior component separation or posterior component separation based upon the surgical approach to the abdominal wall musculature. This report objectively outlines the various techniques of component separation and specifically compares the outcomes among techniques to facilitate decision making in abdominal wall reconstruction.
A Current Review of Long-Acting Resorbable Meshes in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Petro Clayton C. , Rosen Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

Summary:
Concern for chronic infection of a permanent synthetic material in contaminated and “high risk” ventral hernia repairs has led to the development and dissemination of slowly resorbable biosynthetic materials at a lower cost compared with biologic mesh counterparts. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical data available for each long-acting resorbable mesh, with a candid comparison to biologic and synthetic equivalents.
Complex Open Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: Management of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue
Authors: Khansa Ibrahim , Janis Jeffrey E. 
Published: August 2018

Summary:
Optimal skin and soft tissue management in complex open abdominal wall reconstruction is an integral element of the operation to achieve optimal outcomes. Failure to provide stable, well-vascularized soft tissue coverage over the hernia repair can jeopardize the reconstruction through association with nonhealing wounds, mesh exposure, and even possible hernia recurrence. The literature has shown that careful attention to the skin and soft tissue, especially when part of a multidisciplinary approach to complex abdominal wall reconstruction, improves patient outcomes significantly.