bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus vaccination among diverse college students in the state of Georgia: who receives recommendation, who initiates and what are the reasons?
Authors: Vu Milkie , Bednarczyk Robert A , Escoffery Cam , Getachew Betelihem , Berg Carla J 
Published: April 2019

AbstractYoung adulthood is a critical time for catch-up HPV vaccination. We assessed predictors of vaccine recommendation and initiation among college students. We analysed cross-sectional surveys from 2397 students using multivariable logistic regressions. Guided by the Socio-ecological and Health Belief Models, measures included socio-demographic characteristics, intrapersonal measures (e.g. vaccine beliefs), interpersonal measures (e.g. doctor’s recommendation) and institutional-level measures (e.g. college settings). The sample included students from private, public, technical and historically black colleges/universities. Of the sample, 64.5% were White; additionally, 48.3% of women (n = 750/1552) and 18.8% of men (n = 159/845) received a doctor’s recommendation. Among women, predictors included older age, US-born, higher parental education and attending private schools. Among men, predictors included younger age, being homosexual and attending private schools. HPV vaccine series initiation was low—43.3% of women (n = 672) and 16.7% of men (n = 141). Doctor’s recommendation predicted initiation for both sexes. Younger women, women attending technical colleges and men of ‘multiple/other’ race had lower odds of initiation. Common initiation barriers for both sexes included a lack of doctor recommendation and sexual inactivity. These barriers and the associations between nativity, race and socio-economic status with vaccine recommendation and initiation should be further investigated. Interventions should improve patient–provider communication around HPV vaccine.
Design and training effects of a physical reality simulator for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery
Authors: Jebran Ahmad-Fawad , Saha Shekhar , Waezi Narges , Al-Ahmad Ammar , Niehaus Heidi , Danner Bernhard C , Baraki Hassina , Kutschka Ingo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) through an endoscopic right minithoracotomy is a well-established yet complex procedure that has a challenging learning curve. We have developed a simulator for MIMVS and evaluated its short- and long-term training effects.

METHODS
Trainees without simulator experience or training in MIMVS were divided into 2 groups (10 students and 10 residents) and participated in a 5-day training course after initial instruction. Each trainee performed a ring annuloplasty. Scores were given by a supervisor who assessed 5 skills. The duration of each procedure was also measured. To evaluate the long-term effect of the training course, trainees performed the same procedure 4 weeks after the last session.

RESULTS
Trainees in the resident group were significantly older compared to those in the student group and had a mean surgical experience of 4.4 ± 0.78 years standard error of the mean. All other demographic data were similar. Significant learning curves could be achieved in both groups over the course of 5 days with regard to total skill scores and total duration. However, when we compared the learning curves of both groups, no significant difference could be seen. Long-term performance in both groups was still significantly better compared to that in the first training session.

CONCLUSIONS
Training with our simulator provided a significant enhancement of a trainee’s performance. This learning effect was achieved in both groups and was still evident 4 weeks later. We strongly recommend our simulator for simulation-based surgical education of cardiac surgeons interested in MIMVS.
Colorectal cancer susceptibility variants and risk of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps: results from three cohort studies
Authors: Hang Dong , Joshi Amit D , He Xiaosheng , Chan Andrew T , Jovani Manol , Gala Manish K , Ogino Shuji , Kraft Peter , Turman Constance , Peters Ulrike , Bien Stephanie A , Lin Yi , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing , Wu Kana , Giovannucci Edward L , Song Mingyang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Increasing evidence suggests that conventional adenomas (CAs) and serrated polyps (SPs) represent two distinct groups of precursor lesions for colorectal cancer (CRC). The influence of common genetic variants on risk of CAs and SPs remain largely unknown.

Methods
Among 27 426 participants within three prospective cohort studies, we created a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) based on 40 CRC-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in previous genome-wide association studies; and we examined the association of GRS (per one standard deviation increment) with risk of CAs, SPs and synchronous CAs and SPs, by multivariable logistic regression. We also analysed individual variants in the secondary analysis.

Results
During 18–20 years of follow-up, we documented 2952 CAs, 1585 SPs and 794 synchronous CAs and SPs. Higher GRS was associated with increased risk of CAs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.21] and SPs (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.14), with a stronger association for CAs than SPs (Pheterogeneity=0.01). An even stronger association was found for patients with synchronous CAs and SPs (OR = 1.32), advanced CAs (OR = 1.22) and multiple CAs (OR = 1.25). Different sets of variants were associated with CAs and SPs, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.02 between the ORs associating the 40 SNPs with the two lesions. After correcting for multiple testing, three variants were associated with CAs (rs3802842, rs6983267 and rs7136702) and two with SPs (rs16892766 and rs4779584).

Conclusions
Common genetic variants play a potential role in the conventional and serrated pathways of CRC. Different sets of variants are identified for the two pathways, further supporting the aetiological heterogeneity of CRC.
Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Conditionally Replication-Defective Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Vaccine in CMV-Seronegative Subjects
Authors: Adler Stuart P , Lewis Nicole , Conlon Anthony , Christiansen Mark P , Al-Ibrahim Mohamed , Rupp Richard , Fu Tong-Ming , Bautista Oliver , Tang Huaping , Wang Dai , Fisher Alison , Culp Timothy , Das Rituparna , Beck Karen , Tamms Gretchen , Musey Luwy ,   V160-001 Study Group
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
A conditionally replication-defective human cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine (V160) derived from AD169 and genetically engineered to express CMV pentameric complex (gH/gL/pUL128/pUL130/pUL131) was developed and evaluated for phase 1 vaccine safety and immunogenicity in CMV-seronegative and CMV-seropositive adults.

Methods
Subjects received 3 doses of V160 or placebo on day 1, month 1, and month 6. Four vaccine dose levels, formulated with or without aluminum phosphate adjuvant, were evaluated. Injection-site and systemic adverse events (AEs) and vaccine viral shedding were monitored. CMV-specific cellular and humoral responses were measured by interferon-gamma ELISPOT and virus neutralization assay up to 12 months after last dose.

Results
V160 was generally well-tolerated, with no serious AEs observed. Transient, mild-to-moderate injection-site and systemic AEs were reported more frequently in vaccinated subjects than placebo. Vaccine viral shedding was not detected in any subject, confirming the nonreplicating feature of V160. Robust neutralizing antibody titers were elicited and maintained through 12 months postvaccination. Cellular responses to structural and nonstructural viral proteins were observed, indicating de novo expression of viral genes postvaccination.

Conclusions
V160 displayed an acceptable safety profile. Levels of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses in CMV-seronegative subjects were within ranges observed following natural CMV infection.

Clinical Trial Registration
. NCT01986010.
Metabolic interventions for the prevention and treatment of daptomycin non-susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Reed Joseph M , Gardner Stewart G , Mishra Nagendra N , Bayer Arnold S , Somerville Greg A 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundA major developing problem in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections is the emergence of resistance during treatment with daptomycin. Previous metabolomic analyses of isogenic S. aureus strains prior to and after evolution into a daptomycin non-susceptible (DapNS) state provided important metabolic information about this transition (e.g. perturbations of the tricarboxylic acid cycle).ObjectivesTo assess the significance of these metabolic changes, in vitro susceptibility to daptomycin was determined in daptomycin-susceptible (DapS) and DapNSS. aureus strains cultivated with metabolic inhibitors targeting these changes.MethodsOnly inhibitors that are approved for use in humans were chosen (i.e. fosfomycin, valproate, trimetazidine and 6-mercaptopurine) to assess the importance of metabolic pathways for daptomycin non-susceptibility. The ability of these inhibitors to forestall the emergence of DapNS strains was also assessed.ResultsThe combination of daptomycin and fosfomycin synergistically killed both DapS and DapNS strains in vitro and enhanced the in vivo outcome against a DapNS strain in experimental endocarditis. Interestingly, fosfomycin acts on the peptidoglycan biosynthetic enzyme UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA); however, it also had a significant effect on the enzymatic activity of enolase, an essential enzyme in S. aureus. While fosfomycin acted synergistically with daptomycin, it failed to prevent the in vitro evolution of daptomycin non-susceptibility. In contrast, trimetazidine, an anti-angina drug that stimulates glucose oxidation, abolished the ability of DapSS. aureus strains to transition to a DapNS state.ConclusionsThese data reveal that metabolic adaptations associated with DapNS strains can be targeted to prevent the emergence of and/or reverse pre-existing resistance to daptomycin.
The evolution of power in the global coffee value chain and production network
Authors: Grabs Janina , Ponte Stefano 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe configurations of global value chains and production networks are constantly changing, leading to new trajectories and geographical distributions of value creation and capture. In this article, we offer a 40-year evolutionary perspective on power and governance in the global coffee value chain and production network. We identify three distinct phases that are characterised by different power dynamics, governance setups and distributional configurations. We find that the kinds of power exercised along the coffee chain have changed, but also that the underlying power inequities between Northern buyers and Southern producers have remained fundamentally unaltered.
The stomatal flexoskeleton: how the biomechanics of guard cell walls animate an elastic pressure vessel
Authors: Yi Hojae , Chen Yintong , Wang James Z , Puri Virendra M , Anderson Charles T 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn plants, stomatal guard cells are one of the most dynamic cell types, rapidly changing their shape and size in response to environmental and intrinsic signals to control gas exchange at the plant surface. Quantitative and systematic knowledge of the biomechanical underpinnings of stomatal dynamics will enable strategies to optimize stomatal responsiveness and improve plant productivity by enhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis and water use. Recent developments in microscopy, mechanical measurements, and computational modeling have revealed new insights into the biomechanics of stomatal regulation and the genetic, biochemical, and structural origins of how plants achieve rapid and reliable stomatal function by tuning the mechanical properties of their guard cell walls. This review compares historical and recent experimental and modeling studies of the biomechanics of stomatal complexes, highlighting commonalities and contrasts between older and newer studies. Key gaps in our understanding of stomatal functionality are also presented, along with assessments of potential methods that could bridge those gaps.
Chromoblastomycosis in the Amazon region, Brazil, caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fonsecaea nubica, and Rhinocladiella similis: Clinicopathology, susceptibility, and molecular identification
Authors: Andrade Tânia Sueli de , de Almeida Ana Maria Zimmer , Basano Sergio de Almeida , Takagi Elizabeth Harummyy , Szeszs Maria Walderez , Melhem Marcia S C , Albuquerque Madson , Camargo Juliana de Souza Almeida Aranha , Gambale Walderez , Camargo Luís Marcelo Aranha 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous disease caused by human contact with melanized fungi occurring mainly in tropical and subtropical zones worldwide. This study assessed 12 patients with chromoblastomycosis from Rondônia, Brazil, Amazon region. In sum, 83.3% were men, 41.6% were from Monte Negro city, median age was 52.9 years, and median time to disease progression was 12.2 years. Lesions were located on the lower limbs (75%), and verruciform was prevalent form (66.6%). After 3 years of treatment with itraconazole, two patients were considered cured. The etiological agents were identified by the molecular sequence of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 region and β-tubulin genes. Eight strains were identified as Fonsecaea pedrosoi, two were F. nubica, and two were Rhinocladiella similis. The antifungal activity of five drugs was evaluated, and the most active drug was terbinafine (range minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] 0.015–0.12 μg/ml), itraconazole (range MIC 0.03–0.5 μg/ml) and voriconazole (range MIC 0.06–0.5 μg/ml). The highest MIC was 5-fluorocytosine (range MIC 2–32 μg/ml), and amphotericin B (range MIC 0.25–2 μg/ml). In conclusion, the present study expanded the epidemiological disease database and described for the first time F. nubica and R. similis as chromoblastomycosis agents in the Brazilian Amazon region. Our results confirmed the importance of using molecular methods to identify the melanized fungi and stimulate the recognition of the disease in other places where no cases have been reported.
Probing gas disc physics with LISA: simulations of an intermediate mass ratio inspiral in an accretion disc
Authors: Derdzinski A M , D’Orazio D , Duffell P , Haiman Z , MacFadyen A 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The coalescence of a compact object with a $10^{4}\hbox{--}10^{7}\, {\rm M_\odot }$ supermassive black hole (SMBH) produces mHz gravitational waves (GWs) detectable by the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). If such an inspiral occurs in the accretion disc of an active galactic nucleus (AGN), the gas torques imprint a small deviation in the GW waveform. Here, we present two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with the moving-mesh code disco of a BH inspiraling at the GW rate in a binary system with a mass ratio q = M2/M1 = 10−3, embedded in an accretion disc. We assume a locally isothermal equation of state for the gas (with Mach number $\mathcal {M}=20$) and implement a standard α-prescription for its viscosity (with α = 0.03). We find disc torques on the binary that are weaker than in previous semi-analytic toy models, and are in the opposite direction: the gas disc slows down, rather than speeds up the inspiral. We compute the resulting deviations in the GW waveform, which scale linearly with the mass of the disc. The SNR of these deviations accumulates mostly at high frequencies, and becomes detectable in a 5 yr LISA observation if the total phase shift exceeds a few radians. We find that this occurs if the disc surface density exceeds $\Sigma _0 \gtrsim 10^{2-3}\rm g\, cm^{-2}$, as may be the case in thin discs with near-Eddington accretion rates. Since the characteristic imprint on the GW signal is strongly dependent on disc parameters, a LISA detection of an intermediate mass ratio inspiral would probe the physics of AGN discs and migration.
Driver safety in patients with primary brain tumors
Authors: Estevis Eduardo , Noll Kyle R , Bradshaw Mariana E , Wefel Jeffrey S 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Operating a motor vehicle involves multiple cognitive and sensorimotor faculties. Neurological conditions pose driving risk, but this has not been examined in patients with primary brain tumors.

Methods
Sixty-four patients with primary brain tumors (32 left hemisphere; 69% glioblastoma) completed the Cognitive Behavioral Driver’s Inventory (CBDI). A subset also completed broader cognitive testing. Patient characteristics, CBDI measures, and broader neuropsychological test scores were compared between Passing and Nonpassing groups. Follow-up logistic regression analyses identified patient characteristics and CBDI measures predictive of Pass/Nonpass outcome. Point-biserial correlations determined associations between neuropsychological tests and CBDI outcome.

Results
Sixty-nine percent of patients were classified as passing the CBDI. Nonpassing patients were older and more likely to have WHO grade IV and temporal lobe tumors. Age was the most salient predictor of CBDI performance. CBDI measures of speeded visual search and set-shifting, speeded response inhibition, vigilance and freedom from distractibility, and basic visual scanning speed were predictive of Pass/Nonpass outcome. Neuropsychological tests of memory in particular, but also speeded visual scanning and discrimination, executive function, basic visual attention, visuoconstruction, and manual dexterity (dominant hand), were associated with CBDI outcome.

Conclusions
A sizeable proportion of patients with primary brain tumors appear at risk of driving difficulty, particularly those with higher-grade tumors and of older age. Memory, visual attention, and executive difficulties appear to contribute most to driving safety risk as determined by the CBDI. These results highlight the importance of driving safety screening in this population.
Social Work Is a Human Rights Profession
Authors: Mapp Susan , McPherson Jane , Androff David , Gatenio Gabel Shirley 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs defined by the International Federation of Social Workers, social work is a human rights profession. This is explicitly stated in the professional codes of ethics in many nations. However, the most recent version of the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers continues to exclude any mention of human rights, fitting in with the history of U.S. exceptionalism on this subject. Social workers around the world have a long history of working for the achievement of human rights, including an explicit grounding of practice in human rights principles: human dignity, nondiscrimination, participation, transparency, and accountability. Utilizing these principles, U.S. social workers can move from the deficit model of the needs-based approach to competently contextualizing individual issues in their larger human rights framework. In this way, social work can address larger social problems and make way for the concurrent achievement of human rights. This article explains these principles and provides a case example of how to apply them in practice.
Characterization of Ethiopian Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Four Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Races Facilitated by Single-Race Nurseries
Authors: Hundie Bekele , Girma Bedada , Tadesse Zerihun , Edae Erena , Olivera Pablo , Abera Endale Hailu , Bulbula Worku Denbel , Abeyo Bekele , Badebo Ayele , Cisar Gordon , Brown-Guedira Gina , Gale Sam , Jin Yue , Rouse Matthew N. 
Published: April 2019

In Ethiopia, breeding rust resistant wheat cultivars is a priority for wheat production. A stem rust epidemic during 2013 to 2014 on previously resistant cultivar Digalu highlighted the need to determine the effectiveness of wheat lines to multiple races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia. During 2014 and 2015, we evaluated a total of 97 bread wheat and 14 durum wheat genotypes against four P. graminis f. sp. tritici races at the seedling stage and in single-race field nurseries. Resistance genes were postulated using molecular marker assays. Bread wheat lines were resistant to race JRCQC, the race most virulent to durum wheat. Lines with stem rust resistance gene Sr24 possessed the most effective resistance to the four races. Only three lines with adult plant resistance possessed resistance effective to the four races comparable with cultivars with Sr24. Although responses of the wheat lines across races were positively correlated, wheat lines were identified that possessed adult plant resistance to race TTKSK but were relatively susceptible to race TKTTF. This study demonstrated the importance of testing wheat lines for response to multiple races of the stem rust pathogen to determine if lines possessed non-race-specific resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Racially Ambiguous Babies and Racial Narratives in the United States: A Growing Contradiction for Health Disparities Research
Authors: Hsu Paul , Bryant Mara C. , Hayes-Bautista Teodocia Maria , Partlow Keosha R. , Hayes-Bautista David E. 
Published: April 2019

Researchers attempting to identify and track health disparities and inequities generally use five racial or ethnic (R/E) categories—four racial groups (white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian) and one ethnic group (Hispanic)—to analyze and predict variations in health outcomes in the overall U.S. population. These categories are used as if they were permanent, naturally occurring, internally homogeneous, and discrete. However, the United States is becoming increasingly racially ambiguous because of (1) the growth of the Latino population, nearly half of whom do not identify with one of the four racial groups; and (2) the growing population of racially ambiguous babies, whose mothers and fathers are of different R/E groups. In California, an average annual 52.6% of the babies born between 2011 and 2015 were racially ambiguous (i.e., their parents were from different R/E groups or at least one parent was something other than a single race).
We describe the social-legal construction of hard-edged, binary racial categories in the United States from 1790 to the present (and the subsequent racial structuring of U.S. society along those categories). Researchers should shift the conceptualization of race from that of an innate, individual trait to that of a narrative, and should consider the impact that racial narratives can have on the life courses of individuals categorized as nonwhite. In light of the increasing racial ambiguity in the United States, the Latino fuzzy-edged, multivalent racial narrative that embraces racial mixing may be one alternative to the United States’ hard-edged, binary one.