bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human 8- to 10-Hz pulsatile motor output during active exploration of textured surfaces reflects the textures’ frictional properties
Authors: Dione Mariama , Wessberg Johan 
Published: June 2019

Active sensing in biological system consists of emitting/receiving a periodic signal to explore the environment. The signal can be emitted toward distant objects, as in echolocation, or in direct contact with the object, for example, whisking in rodents. We explored the hypothesis that a similar mechanism exists in humans. Humans generate periodic signals at ~10 Hz during voluntary finger movements, which reflects a pulsatile motor command in the central nervous system. In the present study, we tested whether the ~10-Hz signal persists during the active exploration of textures and whether the textures’ features can modulate the signal. Our results confirm our assumptions. The ~10-Hz signal persisted during active touch, and its amplitude increased with textures of higher friction. These findings support the idea that the ~10-Hz periodic signal generated during voluntary finger movements is part of an active sensing mechanism acting in a pulse-amplitude modulation fashion to convey relevant tactile information to the brain.NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, we show that pulsatile motor output during voluntary movement of a finger persists during active exploration of a surface. We propose that this is part of an active sensing system in humans, with generation of an ~10-Hz signal during active touch that reinforces extraction of information about features of the touched surface.
Índios e loucos: sobre tutela, reconhecimento de direitos e desafios para a efetivação da cidadania no campo da saúde mental
Authors: Jacinto Andréa Borghi Moreira , Assis Daniel Adolpho Daltin , MacDowell Pedro De Lemos , Mota Taia Duarte 
Published: June 2019

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a construção, no Brasil, de políticas públicas fundadas no reconhecimento da diferença, a partir de dois segmentos com histórias políticas e sociais distintas – povos indígenas e pessoas com transtornos mentais –, mas que enfrentaram uma mesma condição: a de, por muito tempo, terem sido excluídos como cidadãos devido a diferenças e, em nome delas, viverem até hoje situações extremas de violação de direitos. O trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um paralelo sobre o processo de reconhecimento dos direitos dos povos indígenas e, ao mesmo tempo, de reconhecimento dos direitos das pessoas com transtornos mentais, ambos possíveis a partir da promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988. A análise tem como parâmetro o instituto da tutela anteriormente vigente no Brasil, que afetou de formas particulares esses dois segmentos sociais, deixando marcas culturais e ideológicas que continuam sendo enfrentadas para a efetivação e a consolidação dos novos direitos. Tratados como campos políticos e identitários diferentes entre si e bastante específicos, os paralelos a serem observados entre o campo dos direitos indígenas e o campo da saúde mental revelam histórias semelhantes, tanto em função das violações de direitos sofridas como pelo enfrentamento à normatização, normalização e estigmatização da diversidade. Enfim, são paralelos que dizem sobre movimentos sociais distintos, mas que revelam esforços semelhantes na luta pela construção e afirmação de uma cidadania fundada no reconhecimento da pluralidade.
Enunciados dos juizados especiais fazendários do Rio de Janeiro: desafios na garantia de direitos
Authors: Simas Luciana , Ventura Miriam 
Published: June 2019

A judicialização da saúde, nas últimas décadas, tem produzido normas, diretrizes e ações que materializam uma interseção entre os campos da saúde e do direito, em diferentes contextos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os recentes enunciados jurisprudenciais dos Juizados Especiais Fazendários no Tribunal de Justiça do Rio de Janeiro, com o intuito de perceber as implicações dessas diretrizes para a garantia de direitos, em especial com relação ao fornecimento de medicamentos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Serão identificados, inicialmente, três momentos históricos relacionados às demandas judiciais para acesso a produtos e serviços de saúde; e, a seguir, serão problematizadas as determinações previstas nos enunciados, em especial no tocante à responsabilidade solidária, com vistas à efetividade do acesso à saúde e à justiça.
Análise do direito humano à alimentação adequada: um direito social e político
Authors: Soares Sônia 
Published: June 2019

Neste artigo, analisa-se a distinção aceita pela Organização das Nações Unidas entre os direitos humanos estabelecidos na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, da qual resultaram dois pactos internacionais de direitos humanos. (1) Pacto Internacional de Direitos Econômicos, Sociais e Culturais que reconhece o direito humano à alimentação adequada como um direito social e não como um direito político, assumindo que sua realização deve se dar de modo progressivo e não imediato. Para verificar a pertinência de superar a tese da progressividade, resgatam-se inicialmente suas origens, a partir do exame de documentos das Nações Unidas; em seguida, com base em referências que denunciam a hierarquização dos direitos, faz-se uma análise crítica das obrigações dos Estados indicadas pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a garantia do direito humano à alimentação adequada. Para expor a dificuldade em conciliar a indivisibilidade dos direitos humanos, reafirmada na Conferência Internacional de Direitos Humanos, com a progressividade defendida no Pacto para a realização do direito à alimentação, apresenta-se como exemplo o caso concreto do perfil nutricional da população brasileira. Reconhece-se o múltiplo aspecto do direito humano à alimentação adequada, como direito social e político; que não é possível tolerar a realização do direito de estar livre da fome sem respeitar o direito de acesso a alimentos adequados; que é preciso reivindicar sua imediata efetivação. O fundamento para esta defesa não pode ser outro senão aquele afirmado na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos: a dignidade da pessoa humana, princípio este que não admite gradação nem pode ser dividido.
Regulação profissional ou interprofissional do trabalho em saúde?: desafios para os sistemas de saúde na Índia, Estados Unidos, França e Brasil
Authors: Rígoli Félix Héctor 
Published: June 2019

Não muito tempo atrás, a decisão pela formação em saúde, a prática profissional e outros aspectos relacionados ao seu exercício eram considerados dados da realidade relativamente estáveis e que dependiam principalmente de decisões e possibilidades individuais. Isso não significava que o Estado, não tivesse algum papel, especialmente na profissão médica; na maioria dos casos, ele atuava como avalista dos corpos profissionais. No entanto, o crescente papel das políticas de saúde como políticas públicas – somado a alguns escândalos de má prática que chegaram à opinião pública – forçou a inclusão dos mecanismos regulatórios como parte das funções do Estado.
Odisha’s first record of a free-tailed bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Molossidae): what could it be?
Authors: Debata Subrta , Palita Sharat Kumar 
Published: June 2019

We present the first report on the occurrence of a free-tailed bat from Similipal Biosphere Reserve in Odisha, eastern India. Although the examined individual was a pup that was only a few days old and hence species identity could not be ascertained, the study provides important clues for a systematic survey to resolve the issue.
First camera trap documentation of the Crab-eating Mongoose Herpestes urva (Hodgson, 1836) (Carnivora: Feliformia: Herpestidae) in Barandabhar Corridor Forest in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Rayamajhi Trishna , Lamichhane Saneer , Gurung Aashish , Regmi Pramod Raj , Pokheral Chiranjibi Prasad , Lamichhane Babu Ram 
Published: June 2019

The systematic study in 2015 and 2016 documented the first camera trap image of the Crab-eating Mongoose Herpestes urva in Barandabhar Corridor Forest in Chitwan, Nepal. The corridor was divided into 88 grids, each of 1km by 1km. A pair of cameras was placed for 15 nights in each grid and the total camera trap night effort was 2,640. There were two separate events capturing three independent images and five separate events capturing seven independent images of the Crab-eating Mongoose in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Photo capture rate in camera traps were 0.01 and 0.03 respectively in 2015 and 2016. The presence of this species opens new scope for wildlife professionals and scientific communities to take further steps for its conservation.
Time Course for Benefit and Risk of Clopidogrel and Aspirin After Acute Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Johnston S. Claiborne , Elm Jordan J. , Easton J. Donald , Farrant Mary , Barsan William G. , Kim Anthony S. , Lindblad Anne S. , Palesch Yuko Y. , Zurita Karla G. , Albers Gregory W. , Cucchiara Brett L. , Kleindorfer Dawn O. , Lutsep Helmi L. , Pearson Claire , Sethi Pramod , Vora Nirali ,   For the POINT and Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials Network Investigators
Published: June 2019

Background:
In patients with acute minor ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack enrolled in the POINT trial (Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and Minor Ischemic Stroke [POINT] Trial), the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin for 90 days reduced major ischemic events but increased major hemorrhage in comparison to aspirin alone.

Methods:
In a secondary analysis of POINT (N=4881), we assessed the time course for benefit and risk from the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or ischemic vascular death. The primary safety outcome was major hemorrhage. Risks and benefits were estimated for delayed times of treatment initiation using left-truncated models.

Results:

Through 90 days, the rate of major ischemic events was initially high then decreased markedly, whereas the rate of major hemorrhage remained low but relatively constant throughout. With the use of a model-based approach, the optimal change point for major ischemic events was 21 days (0–21 days hazard ratio 0.65 for clopidogrel-aspirin versus aspirin; 95% CI, 0.50–0.85;
P
=0.0015, in comparison to 22–90 days hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.81–2.35;
P
=0.24). Models showed benefits of clopidogrel-aspirin for treatment delayed as long as 3 days after symptom onset.

Conclusions:
The benefit of clopidogrel-aspirin occurs predominantly within the first 21 days, and outweighs the low, but ongoing risk of major hemorrhage. When considered with the results of the CHANCE trial (Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients With Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events), a similar trial treating with clopidogrel-aspirin for 21 days and showing no increase in major hemorrhage, these results suggest that limiting clopidogrel-aspirin use to 21 days may maximize benefit and reduce risk after high-risk transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00991029.
Types of Sedentary Behavior and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Garcia Jeanette M. , Duran Andrea T. , Schwartz Joseph E. , Booth John N. , Hooker Steven P. , Willey Joshua Z. , Cheung Ying Kuen , Park Chorong , Williams Stephen K. , Sims Mario , Shimbo Daichi , Diaz Keith M. 
Published: June 2019

Background

Previous cross‐sectional studies have shown conflicting results regarding the effects of television viewing and occupational sitting on cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) risk factors. The purpose of this study was to compare the association of both television viewing and occupational sitting with
CVD
events and all‐cause mortality in blacks.

Methods and Results

Participants included 3592 individuals enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study, a community‐based study of blacks residing in Jackson, Mississippi. Television viewing (<2, 2–4, and >4 h/day) and occupational sitting (never/seldom, sometimes, often/always) were self‐reported. Over a median follow‐up of 8.4 years, there were 129
CVD
events and 205 deaths. The highest category of television viewing (>4 h/day) was associated with a greater risk for a composite
CVD
events/all‐cause mortality end point compared with the lowest category (<2 h/day; hazard ratio, 1.49; 95%
CI
, 1.13–1.97). In contrast, the highest category of occupational sitting (often/always) was not associated with risk for a composite
CVD
events/all‐cause mortality end point compared with the lowest category (never/seldom; hazard ratio, 0.90; 95%
CI
, 0.69–1.18). Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity moderated the association of television viewing with
CVD
events/all‐cause mortality such that television viewing was not associated with greater risk among those with high moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity levels.

Conclusions

Television viewing was associated with greater risk of
CVD
events and all‐cause mortality, while occupational sitting had no association with these outcomes. These findings suggest that minimizing television viewing may be more effective for reducing
CVD
and mortality risk in blacks compared with reducing occupational sedentary behavior.
Identification and Validation of Hematoma Volume Cutoffs in Spontaneous, Supratentorial Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Leasure Audrey C. , Sheth Kevin N. , Comeau Mary , Aldridge Chad , Worrall Bradford B. , Vashkevich Anastasia , Rosand Jonathan , Langefeld Carl , Moomaw Charles J. , Woo Daniel , Falcone Guido J. 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
Clinical trials in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have used volume cutoffs as inclusion criteria to select populations in which the effects of interventions are likely to be the greatest. However, optimal volume cutoffs for predicting poor outcome in deep locations (thalamus versus basal ganglia) are unknown.

Methods—
We conducted a 2-phase study to determine ICH volume cutoffs for poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 4–6) in the thalamus and basal ganglia. Cutoffs with optimal sensitivity and specificity for poor outcome were identified in the ERICH ([Ethnic/Racial Variations of ICH] study; derivation cohort) using receiver operating characteristic curves. The cutoffs were then validated in the ATACH-2 trial (Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage-2) by comparing the c-statistic of regression models for outcome (including dichotomized volume) in the validation cohort.

Results—
Of the 3000 patients enrolled in ERICH, 1564 (52%) had deep ICH, of whom 1305 (84%) had complete neuroimaging and outcome data (660 thalamic and 645 basal ganglia hemorrhages). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified 8 mL in thalamic (area under the curve, 0.79; sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 78%) and 18 mL in basal ganglia ICH (area under the curve, 0.79; sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 83%) as optimal cutoffs for predicting poor outcome. The validation cohort included 834 (84%) patients with deep ICH and complete neuroimaging data enrolled in ATACH-2 (353 thalamic and 431 basal ganglia hemorrhages). In thalamic ICH, the c-statistic of the multivariable outcome model including dichotomized ICH volume was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75–0.85) in the validation cohort. For basal ganglia ICH, the c-statistic was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.85) in the validation cohort.

Conclusions—
Optimal hematoma volume cutoffs for predicting poor outcome in deep ICH vary by the specific deep brain nucleus involved. Utilization of location-specific volume cutoffs may improve clinical trial design by targeting deep ICH patients that will obtain maximal benefit from candidate therapies.
Rapid Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Evolution After Early Revascularization
Authors: Hsia Amie W. , Luby Marie , Cullison Kaylie , Burton Shannon , Armonda Rocco , Liu Ai-Hsi , Leigh Richard , Nadareishvili Zurab , Benson Richard T. , Lynch John K. , Latour Lawrence L. 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
In this era of endovascular therapy (EVT) with early, complete recanalization and reperfusion, we have observed an even more rapid apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) normalization within the acute ischemic lesion compared with the natural history or IV-tPA-treated patient. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of revascularization on ADC evolution within the core lesion in the first 24 hours in acute ischemic stroke patients.

Methods—
This retrospective study included anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke patients treated with EVT with or without intravenous tPA (IVT) from 2015 to 2017 compared with a consecutive cohort of IVT-only patients treated before 2015. Diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC maps were used to quantify baseline core lesions. Median ADC value change and core reversal were determined at 24 hours. Diffusion-weighted imaging lesion growth was measured at 24 hours and 5 days. Good clinical outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 90 days.

Results—

Twenty-five patients (50%) received IVT while the other 25 patients received EVT (50%) with or without IVT. Between these patient groups, there were no differences in age, sex, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, interhospital transfer, or IVT rates. Thirty-two patients (64%) revascularized with 69% receiving EVT. There was a significant increase in median ADC value of the core lesion at 24 hours in patients who revascularized compared with further ADC reduction in nonrevascularization patients. Revascularization patients had a significantly higher rate of good clinical outcome at 90 days, 63% versus 9% (
P
=0.003). Core reversal at 24 hours was significantly higher in revascularization patients, 69% versus 22% (
P
=0.002).

Conclusions—
ADC evolution in acute ischemic stroke patients with early, complete revascularization, now more commonly seen with EVT, is strikingly different from our historical understanding. The early ADC normalization we have observed in this setting may include a component of secondary injury and serve as a potential imaging biomarker for the development of future adjunctive therapies.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00009243.
Exporting Out of Agriculture: The Impact of WTO Accession on Structural Transformation in China
Authors: Erten Bilge , Leight Jessica 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes the effect of China's accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001 on structural transformation at the local level, exploiting cross-sectional variation in tariff uncertainty faced by county economies pre-2001. Using a new panel of 1,800 Chinese counties from 1996 to 2013, we find that counties more exposed to the reduction in tariff uncertainty postaccession are characterized by increased exports and foreign direct investment, shrinking agricultural sectors, expanding secondary sectors, and higher total and per capita GDP. In addition, when labor substitutes from nonagricultural to agricultural production in counties exposed to positive trade shocks, agricultural output declines.
Orientation and Mobility Career, College, and Community Readiness Standards: A Delphi Study
Authors: Tellefson Mary J. , Koehler William S. , Botsford Kathryn D. , Cook Leanne 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Performance standards drive current instructional practice. Disability-specific curricula is a critical component in preparing children for postsecondary transition. Currently, no standards govern instruction in orientation and mobility (O&M) skills for children with visual impairments. Standards for O&M would provide structure for educational equity in assuring that students with visual impairments receive a free and appropriate education. Method: This study used Delphi survey methods to determine consensus on the validity of the Orientation and Mobility Career, College, and Community Readiness Standards (O&M CCCRS). Consensus was measured as 80% or better agreement. Three survey rounds were initiated and two were completed by a purposive sample of certified orientation and mobility specialist (COMS) from two participant groups: Seven COMS from primary and secondary school–based settings and three from personnel preparation. Results: This Delphi study achieved consensus on the O&M CCCRS five student-performance standards (end of Grade 12 or age 21 years) as well as the corresponding age- and grade–level performance indicators at ages 24 months, 4 years, end of Grade 3, end of Grade 7, and end of Grade 12. Consensus was reached on all but two performance indicators (83 of the 85). Discussion: The Round 1 survey established validity of five O&M Domains: (1) Concept Development, (2) Sensory Development, (3) Orientation and Mapping, (4) Travel Techniques, and (5) Communication, Personal Safety, and Advocacy. Subsequent survey rounds found that 80% of participants agreed on the inclusion of 83 of the 85 performance indicators corresponding to those domains. Implications for practitioners: Alignment of O&M standards to Common Core Standards empowers teams to justify the instructional time, to document skill acquisition relative to the benchmarks of general-education peers, and to show where O&M skills support progress in common core and state learning standards.
Accommodation Needs for Teachers Who are Blind and Teach Students with Visual Impairments
Authors: Okungu Phoebe A. , Griffin-Shirley Nora , Pogrund Rona L. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: This study was intended to explore and identify the experiences and perceptions of teachers of students with visual impairments who are blind concerning their accommodation needs and to establish their opinions on what improvements can be made. Method: A qualitative case study design was used and was collected through interviews, observations, and documents. Participants were four teachers who are blind who taught students with visual impairments in mainstream public and specialized residential schools in the United States. Within-case and cross-case levels of data analysis were used to generate and compare the themes that emerged. Results: The results illuminated accommodation issues for the teachers in the areas of family support, strategies the teachers use, challenges in their workplaces, and suggestions regarding possible improvements. Discussion: This study generated answers to the pertinent research questions. The study has revealed that the participants use different types and forms of accommodations to accomplish tasks. Some accommodations used include computer technology, assistive devices, and sighted assistants. However, the participants expressed that access to these accommodations are not consistent for all individuals who are blind. The participants also identified the accommodation challenges that are related to their blindness and provided suggestions for possible improvements. Implications for practitioners: Teachers of students with visual impairments who are blind need to be self-advocates in their personnel preparation programs and in their workplaces concerning the accommodations they need to accomplish job tasks.