bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Smart and Efficient One‐Pot Green Synthesis of Novel 1, 2, 3‐Triazolyl Pyrazoline‐/Indazolyl‐Carbothioamide Hybrids under Solvent‐Free Grinding Strategy at Room Temperature
Authors: Ranganathan Raja , Archana Sivasubramaniyan , Dinesh Murugan , Jaabil George , Nagarajan Sangaraiah , Ponnuswamy Alagusundaram , Saranya Kanagarajan , Murugavel Saminathan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA smart and straightforward route has been developed for the green synthesis of novel 1,2,3‐triazolyl pyrazoline‐/indazolyl‐carbothioamide hybrids from easily accessible starting materials for the first time via one‐pot sequential four component reaction under solvent‐free grinding protocol at room temperature. Notably, this protocol is meritorious in the sense that it is inexpensive, expeditious, devoid of tedious separation methods, environmentally benign and it involves mild reaction conditions affording good to excellent yields (84‐97%) of the products.
Oral administration of alcalase potato protein hydrolysate‐APPH attenuates high fat diet‐induced cardiac complications via TGF‐β/GSN axis in aging rats
Authors: Hu Wei Syun , Ting Wei Jen , Tamilselvi Shanmugam , Day Cecilia Hsuan , Wang Ting , Chiang Wen‐Dee , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Yeh Yu Lan , Lin Wan Teng , Huang Chih Yang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConsumption of high fat diet (HFD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors among elderly people. Aging and obesity induced‐cardiac remodeling includes hypertrophy and fibrosis. Gelsolin (GSN) induces cardiac hypertrophy and TGF‐β, a key cytokine, which induces fibrosis. The relationship between TGF‐β and GSN in aging induced cardiac remodeling is still unknown. We evaluated the expressions of TGF‐β and GSN in HFD fed 22 months old aging SD rats, followed by the administration of either probucol or alcalase potato protein hydrolysate (APPH). Western blotting and Masson trichrome staining showed that APPH (45 and 75 mg/kg/day) and probucol (500 mg/kg/day) treatments significantly reduced the aging and HFD‐induced hypertrophy and fibrosis. Echocardiograph showed that the performance of the hearts was improved in APPH, and probucol treated HFD aging rats. Serum from all rats was collected and H9c2 cells were cultured with collected serums separately. The GSN dependent hypertrophy was inhibited with an exogenous TGF‐β in H9c2 cells cultured in HFD+ APPH treated serum. Thus, we propose that along with its role in cardiac fibrosis, TGF‐β also acts as an upstream activator of GSN dependent hypertrophy. Hence, TGF‐β in serum could be a promising therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling in aging and/or obese subjects.
Effects of low doses Trichlorfon exposure on Rana chensinensis tadpoles
Authors: Ma Yu , Li Bo , Ke Yang , Zhang YuHui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTrichlorfon is an organophosphate insecticide widely used in aquaculture and agriculture. Little is known about the effects of long‐term of low doses trichlorfon exposure on amphibians. In this study, we investigated the effects of low doses trichlorfon on Rana chensinensis tadpoles after exposure to 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon for 2 and 4 weeks. Survival, growth, development and mortality were monitored regularly over the course of exposure. The results showed that trichlorfon led to a decrease in tadpole survival. Reductions in growth and disruptions to the development of tadpoles were observed in trichlorfon treatments. Morphological abnormalities of affected tadpoles included axial flexures, skeletal malformations and lateral kinks. Trichlorfon increased the frequency of micronucleus (MN) formation in circulating erythrocytes of tadpoles exposed for 2 weeks to 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon. At all concentrations, an enhanced frequency of MN formation was observed in tadpoles exposed for 4 weeks. Exposure to trichlorfon induced other nuclear abnormalities such as lobed and notched nuclei only in tadpoles exposed to 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon for 4 weeks. In addition, exposure to trichlorfon within the 0.01‐1.0 mg/L range increased the genetic damage index in hepatic tissues in all treatments. Apoptosis‐associated DNA fragmentation in hepatic tissues occurred in a weak ladder‐like pattern. This study presents evidence of low doses trichlorfon effects on amphibians, highlighting the properties of this organophosphate insecticide that jeopardize nontarget species exposed to trichlorfon.
A selective overview of feature screening methods with applications to neuroimaging data
Authors: He Kevin , Xu Han , Kang Jian 
Published: September 2018

In neuroimaging studies, regression models are frequently used to identify the association of the imaging features and clinical outcome, where the number of imaging features (e.g., hundreds of thousands of voxel‐level predictors) much outweighs the number of subjects in the studies. Classical best subset selection or penalized variable selection methods that perform well for low‐ or moderate‐dimensional data do not scale to ultrahigh‐dimensional neuroimaging data. To reduce the dimensionality, variable screening has emerged as a powerful tool for feature selection in neuroimaging studies. We present a selective review of the recent developments in ultrahigh‐dimensional variable screening, with a focus on their practical performance on the analysis of neuroimaging data with complex spatial correlation structures and high‐dimensionality. We conduct extensive simulation studies to compare the performance on selection accuracy and computational costs between the different methods. We present analyses of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange study.This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational and Molecular Biology
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Image Data Mining
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Maintaining momentum for conservation: Bighorn sheep as an example
Authors: Bleich Vernon C. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and Dall's sheep (O. dalli) are among the iconic megafauna of North America. Both species generate great public interest and have received much attention from management agencies and conservation groups. Bighorn sheep, however, have suffered far more management setbacks than have their northern congeners and, as a result, have been the beneficiary of aggressive conservation programs. Nevertheless, both species face continuing challenges. Among those challenges are limited preparation of personnel, interagency competition, bureaucratic inertia, confounding legislation, public advocacy (or the lack thereof), political expediency, and interpersonal issues. To foster and maintain momentum for conserving wild sheep, I encourage managers to 1) enhance relationships with nongovernmental organizations, private enterprise, and the media; 2) work more closely with sister agencies to take advantage of opportunities or skillsets; 3) seize opportunities for enhancing conservation by working with agencies whose primary missions are other than wildlife conservation; 4) recognize the importance of private lands and role of private landowners; 5) take advantage of opportunities to involve academic institutions in conservation; 6) acknowledge skills and contributions of colleagues or coworkers, and fully use those talents; and 7) develop and maintain personal attitudes that enhance working relationships and build on past successes. Application of these recommendations likely will enhance the effectiveness of conservation of wild sheep, and for other species of North American wildlife as well. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Kapitel III Kritik Von Royces Voraussetzungen. Der Eigentliche Boden Einer Erkenntnistheorie. Die Reine Wesenslehre Des Bewusstseins
Authors: Husserl Edmund , Bell Winthrop 
Published: September 2018

AbstractErstens, ist es wahr, dass die einzigen unmittelbaren Erkenntnisobjekte, die wir haben, unsere Ideen sind? Dass Royce dieses annimmt – ja eigentlich als beinahe selbstverständlich voraussetzt –, daran kann jetzt kein Zweifel sein.
B-decay anomalies and scalar leptoquarks in unified Pati-Salam models from noncommutative geometry
Authors: Aydemir Ufuk , Minic Djordje , Sun Chen , Takeuchi Tatsu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMotivated by possible scalar-leptoquark explanations of the recently reportedB-decay anomalies, we investigate whether the required leptoquarks can be accommodated within models based on noncommutative geometry (NCG). The models considered have the gauge structure of Pati-Salam models, SU(4) × SU(2)L× SU(2)R, with gauge coupling unification at a single scale. In one of the models, we find a unique scalar leptoquark with quantum numbers$$ {\left(3,1,-\frac{1}{3}\right)}_{321} $$3,1,−13321, originating from a complex multiplet (6,1,1)422, which can potentially explain theB-decay anomalies if its mass is on the order of a few TeV. The unification of couplings can be realized with the inclusion of a single step of intermediate symmetry breaking. The scalar leptoquark under consideration does not contribute to proton decay due to the absence of diquark couplings, as dictated by the underlying noncommutative geometry.
Ctrl+Alt+Delete: The changing landscape of the uncanny valley and the fear of second loss
Authors: Bassett Debra J 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe are living in a digital era where ubiquitous social media are becoming part of the everyday lives of many. These social media platforms were designed for the living; however an estimated 8000 Facebook members die daily. It is therefore no surprise that the phenomena of how social media platforms are adopted to discuss death dying and grieving have become a growing area of research across numerous disciplines. Using qualitative methods, this article adds to and moves beyond existing research by focusing on the creation and inheritance of Facebook pages, thanablogs, posthumous chatbots, posthumous messages and posthumous avatars, to explore whether digital afterlives enabled by the Internet affect how people grieve. In order to examine how these messages and memories are experienced this study used in-depth qualitative interviews with participants from 3 distinct areas: Digital Creators (DC), Digital Inheritors (DI) and Service Providers (SP) the findings presented here explore three emerging themes (1) the link between comfort and control (2) the changing landscape of the uncanny valley and (3) the fear of ‘second loss’.
Maternal support and deviance among rural adolescents: The mediating role of self‐esteem
Authors: Liu Dan , Ksinan Albert J. , Vazsonyi Alexander T. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionSupportive mothering buffers against adolescent deviance, but the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. The current investigation tested the extent to which self‐esteem mediated the maternal support‐deviance link and whether it varied by adolescent age and sex.MethodsData were collected from 911 middle and high school students in the rural South (53.6% female, Mage = 14.70 years). Main model tests were completed in SEM.ResultsResults indicated that maternal support and self‐esteem were positively associated and negatively to deviance, and that self‐esteem mediated the support‐deviance link. These associations did not differ by adolescent age. However, moderating effects by sex were significant, where maternal support had a greater effect on girls' self‐esteem, while self‐esteem had a greater effect on boys' deviance.ConclusionsFindings provide some evidence of how maternal support is associated with a positive self‐concept that in turn decreases the likelihood of engaging in deviant behaviors.
Radiation Dose Reduction with a Low-Tube Voltage Technique for Pediatric Chest Computed Tomographic Angiography Based on the Contrast-to-Noise Ratio Index
Authors: Masuda Takanori , Funama Yoshinori , Nakaura Takeshi , Tahara Masahiro , Yamashita Yukari , Kiguchi Masao , Imada Naoyuki , Sato Tomoyasu , Awai Kazuo 
Published: September 2018

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiation dose and image quality at low tube-voltage pediatric chest computed tomographic angiography (CTA) that applies the same contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) index as the standard tube voltage technique. Materials and Methods Contrast-enhanced chest CTA scans of 100 infants were acquired on a 64-row multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner. In the retrospective study, we evaluated 50 images acquired at 120 kVp; the image noise level was set at 25 Hounsfield units. In the prospective study, we used an 80-kVp protocol; the image noise level was 40 Hounsfield units because the iodine contrast was 1.6 times higher than on 120-kVp scans; the CNR was as in the 120-kVp protocol. We compared the CT number, image noise, CT dose index volume (CTDIvol), and the dose-length product on scans acquired with the 2 protocols. A diagnostic radiologist and a pediatric cardiologist visually evaluated all CTA images. Results The mean CTDIvol and the mean dose-length product were 0.5 mGy and 7.8 mGy-cm for 80- and 1.2 mGy and 20.8 mGy-cm for 120-kVp scans, respectively ( P < .001). The mean CTDIvol was 42% lower at 80 kVp than at 120 kVp, and there was no significant difference in the visual scores assigned to the CTA images ( P = .28). Conclusions With the CNR index being the same at 80-kVp and 120-kVp imaging, the radiation dose delivered to infants subjected to chest CTA can be reduced without degradation of the image quality.
Multimodal neuroimaging study of cerebrovascular disease, amyloid deposition, and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease progression
Authors: Lao Patrick J. , Brickman Adam M. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionCerebrovascular disease (CVD) is not currently considered a core pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but mounting evidence suggests that concurrent CVD may exacerbate AD progression. The purpose of this study was first to examine the relationship among amyloid, CVD, and neurodegeneration and second to examine the extent to which amyloid and CVD pathology drive subsequent neurodegeneration over time.MethodsSix hundred eight (224 normal controls, 291 mild cognitive impairment, 93 AD) subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative with longitudinal AV45 positron emission tomography imaging and MR imaging were investigated.ResultsAmyloid and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden increased across clinical diagnosis groups (normal control < mild cognitive impairment < AD). Amyloid pathology and WMH volume were related to lower cortical thickness, while WMH burden was associated with neurodegenerative/atrophic changes over time in key AD‐related brain regions.DiscussionCVD and AD may be etiologically independent, but our findings suggest that CVD should be considered explicitly for its effect on AD progression.
On Bedload and Suspended Load Measurement Performances in Sheet Flows Using Acoustic and Conductivity Profilers
Authors: Fromant G. , Mieras R. S. , Revil‐Baudard T. , Puleo J. A. , Hurther D. , Chauchat J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntense sediment transport experiments were performed in a gravity‐driven open‐channel flow with two sizes of uniformly distributed nonspherical acrylic particles having median diameters of 1.0 and 3.0 mm and a maximum packing volumetric concentration (ϕ) of 0.55. The flow conditions were adapted to each particle size to ensure similar sediment transport flow regimes as sheet flow corresponding to Shields numbers slightly above unity and a suspension number, ratio of settling velocity to friction velocity, near unity for the two experiments. An acoustic scattering‐based system (Acoustic Concentration and Velocity Profiler) and conductivity probes (Conductivity Concentration Profiler [CCP]) with two different vertical resolutions, 1 mm (CCP1mm) and 2 mm (CCP2mm) were used to measure instantaneous concentration profiles across the bedload and suspension layers. Measured concentration profiles, bed interface position, and sheet flow layer thicknesses are compared between the two techniques. The capabilities and limitations of both technologies are outlined. Average volumetric sediment concentration profiles were overestimated by 10% with the Acoustic Concentration and Velocity Profiler in the dense sheet layer when ⟨ϕ(z)⟩≳ 0.35, and by 100% with the CCP in the more diluted region when ⟨ϕ(z)⟩≲ 0.015 and ⟨ϕ(z)⟩≲ 0.20 for CCP1mm and CCP2mm, respectively. Good agreement is found between the three systems in terms of average and time‐resolved bed level position and sheet layer thickness, validating the different bed interface detection methods on data from the two sensors.
Reconstructing Early Hydrologic Change in the California Delta and its Watersheds
Authors: MacVean Lissa J. , Thompson Sally , Hutton Paul , Sivapalan Murugesu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRegulatory goals for the California Delta attempt to restore natural ecosystems through various water management efforts. Defining management criteria for restoration is challenging, given that the earliest data describing the hydrology of the region follow many decades of change associated with agricultural development, channel modification, and flood control. This study explores the hydrology of the 1850–1920 period by synthesizing new reconstructed precipitation, basin inflows, land use change, and levee construction time series, in a semidistributed hydrologic model. The model demonstrated that it is impossible to simultaneously reproduce estimated historical flood extents, frequencies, and durations given contemporary topography. Bounding cases were constructed to span potential water budget partitioning and suggest that the state of this region by the 1920s was hydrologically similar to that of the natural regime (i.e., flow experienced was depressed due to drought, but within the bounds of variability of the natural Delta system), partly due to the flow augmentation provided by flood control infrastructure and enhanced channel conveyance. The model suggests that levee construction, rather than land use change, had the greatest impact on Delta hydrology. This and other reconstructions, however, suggest that decreases in annual Delta outflows accelerated after 1920. Future efforts to reconstruct Delta hydrology should focus on improving information about the historical topography and channel geometry of the Central Valley river network, with a view to refining understanding of the natural and historical flood regime.
Water and Oxygen Fugacity in the Lithospheric Mantle Wedge beneath the Northern Canadian Cordillera (Alligator Lake)
Authors: Kilgore McKensie L. , Peslier Anne H. , Brandon Alan D. , Lamb William M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAssessing water contents of subduction zone mantle peridotites can gain insight into the compositions of slab‐derived fluids/melts and the active margin water cycle. Here eight mantle xenoliths from Alligator Lake (northern Canadian Cordillera) are examined to address these issues. The harzburgites have less water, on average, but are more oxidized (ΔFMQ ~ 0.1) than the lherzolites (ΔFMQ ~ −1.0). The lherzolites have major and trace element compositions close to primitive mantle, while the harzburgite major element and heavy rare earth element compositions are indicative of higher degrees of melt depletion but with light rare earth element‐enriched profiles. Correlations between lherzolite pyroxene water contents and bulk rock Ba/Nb and Ba/Yb ratios likely result from interaction with subduction related fluids. The trace element compositions of the harzburgite clinopyroxenes are successfully modeled by melting of a fertile mantle lithosphere and interaction with a carbonatite melt. Correlations between the harzburgite water contents and clinopyroxene Ca/Al ratios and Mg# are also consistent with the influence of carbonatite metasomatism. Metasomatism likely resulted from opening of a slab window beneath the region, detected as a low‐velocity seismic anomaly, which heated and mobilized a heterogeneous mantle lithosphere veined with carbonatite. This study confirms that subduction zone mantle lithosphere is not necessarily more water‐rich or more oxidized than oceanic lithosphere or other off‐cratonic settings. Moreover, local oxidation is not necessarily related to the ingress of subduction zone fluids but can also be related to melting of a heterogeneous lithosphere following heating above a slab window.
The Origin of Carbonate Veins Within the Sedimentary Cover and Igneous Rocks of the Cocos Ridge: Results From IODP Hole U1414A
Authors: Brandstätter Jennifer , Kurz Walter , Richoz Sylvain , Cooper Matthew J. , Teagle Damon A. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCarbonate veins in the igneous basement and in the lithified sedimentary cover of the Cocos Ridge at International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Hole 344‐U1414A reveal the hydrologic system and fluid‐rock interactions. IODP Hole 344‐U1414A was drilled on the northern flank of the Cocos Ridge and is situated 1 km seaward from the Middle America Trench offshore Costa Rica. Isotopic and elemental compositions were analyzed to constrain the fluid source of the carbonate veins and to reveal the thermal history of Hole 344‐U1414A. The formation temperatures (oxygen isotope thermometer) of the carbonate veins in the lithified sedimentary rocks range from 70 to 92 °C and in the basalt from 32 to 82 °C. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the veins in the altered Cocos Ridge basalt range between 0.707307 and 0.708729. The higher ratios are similar to seawater strontium ratios in the Neogene. 87Sr/86Sr ratios lower 0.7084 indicate exchange of Sr with the igneous host rock. The calcite veins hosted by the sedimentary rocks are showing more primitive 87Sr/86Sr ratios <0.706396. The isotopic compositions indicate seawater, modified into a hydrothermal fluid by subsequent heating, as the main fluid source. Low‐temperature alteration and the presence of a high‐temperature fluid resulted in different carbonate precipitates forming up to several cm thick veins. The geochemical data combined with age data of the sedimentary rocks suggest intraplate seamount volcanism in the area between the Galapagos hot spot and the Cocos Island as an additional heating source, after the formation of the Cocos Ridge at the Galapagos hot spot.
VLF Signal Anomalies During Cyclone Activity in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: NaitAmor S. , Cohen M. B. , Kumar Sushil , Chanrion O. , Neubert T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper we present ionospheric disturbances during the simultaneous presence of two to three Large Meteorological Systems, classified as hurricanes and tropical storms, in the Atlantic Ocean from August to November 2016. The ionospheric disturbances were detected by very low frequency (3–30 kHz) signals from two North American transmitters observed in Algiers (36.75°N, 03.47°E). The results show clear anomalies in the amplitude both at nighttime and at daytime. At nighttime, the anomalies were observed in association with all Large Meteorological Systems even at low stage of storm intensity (tropical depression). The anomalies showed periodicities between 2 and 3 hr with a strong decrease in the signal amplitude. The wave‐like features were confirmed by the mother wavelet analysis of the normalized signal amplitude. These signal anomalies may result from traveling ionospheric disturbances generated by tropical storms and hurricanes associated gravity waves.