bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A story of birth and death: mRNA translation and clearance at the onset of maternal-to-zygotic transition in mammals†
Authors: Sha Qian-Qian , Zhang Jue , Fan Heng-Yu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn mammals, maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), or oocyte-to-embryo transition, begins with oocyte meiotic resumption due to the sequential translational activation and destabilization of dormant maternal transcripts stored in the ooplasm. It then continues with the elimination of maternal transcripts during oocyte maturation and fertilization and ends with the full transcriptional activation of the zygotic genome during embryonic development. A hallmark of MZT in mammals is its reliance on translation and the utilization of stored RNAs and proteins, rather than de novo transcription of genes, to sustain meiotic maturation and early development. Impaired maternal mRNA clearance at the onset of MZT prevents zygotic genome activation and causes early arrest of developing embryos. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms whereby mRNA translation and degradation are controlled by cytoplasmic polyadenylation and deadenylation which set up the competence of maturing oocyte to accomplish MZT. The emphasis of this review is on the mouse as a model organism for mammals and BTG4 as a licensing factor of MZT under the translational control of the MAPK cascade.
MyD88-dependent signaling in non-parenchymal cells promotes liver carcinogenesis
Authors: Mohs Antje , Kuttkat Nadine , Otto Tobias , Youssef Sameh A , De Bruin Alain , Trautwein Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn Western countries, a rising incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes correlates with an increase of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)—a major risk factor for liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NASH is associated with chronic liver injury, triggering hepatocyte death and enhanced translocation of intestinal bacteria, leading to persistent liver inflammation through activation of Toll-like receptors and their adapter protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). Therefore, we investigated the role of MyD88 during progression from NASH to HCC using a mouse model of chronic liver injury (hepatocyte-specific deletion of nuclear factor κB essential modulator, Nemo; NemoΔhepa). NemoΔhepa; NemoΔhepa/MyD88−/− and NemoΔhepa/MyD88Δhepa were generated and the impact on liver disease progression was investigated. Ubiquitous MyD88 ablation (NemoΔhepa/MyD88−/−) aggravated the degree of liver damage, accompanied by an overall decrease in inflammation, whereas infiltrating macrophages and natural killer cells were elevated. At a later stage, MyD88 deficiency impaired HCC formation. In contrast, hepatocyte-specific MyD88 deletion (NemoΔhepa/MyD88Δhepa) did not affect disease progression. These results suggest that signaling of Toll-like receptors through MyD88 in non-parenchymal liver cells is required for carcinogenesis during chronic liver injury. Hence, blocking MyD88 signaling may offer a therapeutic option to prevent HCC formation in patients with NASH.
Why networks matter in faith-related community development work: learning from diverse Christian responses to debt in England
Authors: Orton Andrew , Barclay David 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article explores the significant contribution being made by diverse Christian responses to debt in England, drawing on action research in London and the North East of England. These responses range from providing individual support and services to forms of organizing that tackle perceived causes through collective action and political campaigns. We show how complex links, relationships and networks have developed between responses, as those involved seek to generate more widespread, holistic and effective interventions. Through this, we show how these approaches have addressed related challenges by combining learning from different models and working across different scales, identities and boundaries, and consider wider learning for community development from this research.
‘Why can’t we help protect children too?’ Stigma by association among community workers in child protection and its consequences
Authors: Hamilton Sharynne , Cleland Deborah , Braithwaite Valerie 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Community workers provide critical support services to parents and families with children who may be placed in out-of-home care by child protection authorities. Drawing on in-depth interviews with fifteen community workers, who represent nine agencies assisting families with child protection issues in a small jurisdiction in Australia, we show how the stigma attached to ‘bad’ parents is passed on to the community workers who are supporting them. The ‘stigma by association’ directed at community workers by child protection authorities means they are stereotyped negatively, undermined professionally and socially excluded. In spite of such stigmatic treatment, community workers remained committed to their professional role. Although workers were frustrated and disappointed in the treatment they received, there was no open acknowledgment of stigma-induced poor mental health. The results are interpreted within a broader social context where child protection authorities are being constantly reviewed and criticized in Australia. The support that community workers give to each other as frontline defenders of families against a powerful and publicly criticized government authority may allow community workers to construe themselves as heroes rather than villains in this highly adversarial environment. The costs play out at the institutional level, however, because reduced trust limits opportunities for genuine collaboration between government and community organizations.
Chronic Staphylococcus aureus Lung Infection Correlates With Proteogenomic and Metabolic Adaptations Leading to an Increased Intracellular Persistence
Authors: Tan Xin , Coureuil Mathieu , Ramond Elodie , Euphrasie Daniel , Dupuis Marion , Tros Fabiola , Meyer Julie , Nemazanyy Ivan , Chhuon Cerina , Guerrera Ida Chiara , Ferroni Agnes , Sermet-Gaudelus Isabelle , Nassif Xavier , Charbit Alain , Jamet Anne 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients by Staphylococcus aureus is a well-established epidemiological fact. Indeed, S. aureus is the most commonly identified pathogen in the lungs of CF patients. Improving our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the persistence of S. aureus is therefore an important issue.

Methods
We selected pairs of sequential S. aureus isolates from 3 patients with CF and from 1 patient with non-CF chronic lung disease. We used a combination of genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches with functional assays for in-depth characterization of S. aureus long-term persistence.

Results
In this study, we show that late S. aureus isolates from CF patients have an increased ability for intracellular survival in CF bronchial epithelial-F508del cells compared to ancestral early isolates. Importantly, the increased ability to persist intracellularly was confirmed for S. aureus isolates within the own-patient F508del epithelial cells. An increased ability to form biofilm was also demonstrated. Furthermore, we identified the underlying genetic modifications that induce altered protein expression profiles and notable metabolic changes. These modifications affect several metabolic pathways and virulence regulators that could constitute therapeutic targets.

Conclusions
Our results strongly suggest that the intracellular environment might constitute an important niche of persistence and relapse necessitating adapted antibiotic treatments.
Naive CD4+ T Cells Harbor a Large Inducible Reservoir of Latent, Replication-competent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
Authors: Zerbato Jennifer M , McMahon Deborah K , Sobolewski Michelle D , Mellors John W , Sluis-Cremer Nicolas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
The latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir represents a major barrier to a cure. Based on the levels of HIV-1 DNA in naive (TN) vs resting memory CD4+ T cells, it is widely hypothesized that this reservoir resides primarily within memory cells. Here, we compared virus production from TN and central memory (TCM) CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV-1–infected individuals on suppressive therapy.

Methods
CD4+ TN and TCM cells were purified from the blood of 7 HIV-1–infected individuals. We quantified total HIV-1 DNA in the CD4+ TN and TCM cells. Extracellular virion-associated HIV-1 RNA or viral outgrowth assays were used to assess latency reversal following treatment with anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), phytohaemagglutinin/interleukin-2, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin, prostratin, panobinostat, or romidepsin.

Results
HIV-1 DNA was significantly higher in TCM compared to TN cells (2179 vs 684 copies/106 cells, respectively). Following exposure to anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs, virion-associated HIV-1 RNA levels were similar between TCM and TN cells (15 135 vs 18 290 copies/mL, respectively). In 4/7 donors, virus production was higher for TN cells independent of the latency reversing agent used. Replication-competent virus was recovered from both TN and TCM cells.

Conclusions
Although the frequency of HIV-1 infection is lower in TN compared to TCM cells, as much virus is produced from the TN population after latency reversal. This finding suggests that quantifying HIV-1 DNA alone may not predict the size of the inducible latent reservoir and that TN cells may be an important reservoir of latent HIV-1.
Entertainment Politics as a Modernist Project in a Baudrillard World
Authors: Richmond Julia C , Porpora Douglas V 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs “post-truth” was Oxford Dictionaries’ 2016 word of the year, late-night comedians were featured on Time magazine’s cover bearing the tagline “The Seriously Partisan Politics of Late-Night Comedy.” This article attempts to frame what is going on in theoretical and philosophical terms. By a “Baudrillard World,” we mean the post-truth era that was first announced by theorists such as Jean Baudrillard. By a modernist project, we mean that the late night comedians are making various rhetorical moves to reassert a commitment to truth incompletely secured by conventional, cool-style journalism. We identify a number of offenses against truth that the late night comedians counter in an attempt to rescue not just particular facts but the very notion of truth.
Integrated Psychological Care is Needed, Welcomed and Effective in Ambulatory Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management: Evaluation of a New Initiative
Authors: Lores Taryn , Goess Charlotte , Mikocka-Walus Antonina , Collins Kathryn L , Burke Anne L J , Chur-Hansen Anna , Delfabbro Paul , Andrews Jane M 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with psychosocial issues which reduce quality of life and impair medical management. However, these issues are rarely addressed in routine care. A model of integrated psychological screening and intervention was trialled to measure prevalence, patient participation, and potential benefits to mental health and/or quality of life.

Methods
During a 12-month period, 490 adult patients at an established hospital-based service were approached to complete screening instruments for anxiety, depression, general distress, quality of life and medication adherence. Disease-specific and demographic data were also collected. Patients who scored highly on screening questionnaires were offered psychological intervention (in-service or externally referred). Participants were reassessed after 12 months.

Results
Psychological screening was well accepted with 68% (N = 335) participating. Psychological care was ‘needed’, with 55% (N = 183) scoring highly for anxiety, depression and/or general distress. Half of those ‘in need’ (N = 91) accepted intervention. In those who accepted, levels of anxiety (mean at intake [M1] = 12.11 vs mean at follow-up [M2] = 9.59, p < 0.001), depression (M1 = 8.38 vs M2 = 6.42, p < 0.001), general distress (M1 = 17.99 vs M2 = 13.96, p < 0.001), mental health quality of life (M1 = 54.64 vs M2 = 59.70, p < 0.001) and overall quality of life (M1 = 57.60 vs M2 = 64.10, p < 0.001) each improved between intake and follow-up. Engagement in psychological intervention was six times greater for those treated in-service vs externally referred (χ2[1] = 13.06, p < 0.001, odds ratio = 6.47).

Conclusions
Mental health issues are highly prevalent in people with inflammatory bowel disease. Patients are open to psychological screening and treatment. Psychological care can improve patient mental health and quality of life, and works best when integrated into routine management.
Usefulness of myocardial work measurement in the assessment of left ventricular systolic reserve response to spironolactone in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Przewlocka-Kosmala Monika , Marwick Thomas H , Mysiak Andrzej , Kosowski Wojciech , Kosmala Wojciech 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aims
Improvement in left ventricular (LV) systolic reserve, including exertional increase in global longitudinal strain (GLS), may contribute to the clinical benefit from therapeutic interventions in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, GLS is an afterload-dependent parameter, and its measurements may not adequately reflect myocardial contractility recruitment with exercise. The estimation of myocardial work (MW) allows correction of GLS for changing afterload. We sought to investigate the associations of GLS and MW parameters with the response of exercise capacity to spironolactone in HFpEF.

Methods and results
We analysed 114 patients (67 ± 8 years) participating in the STRUCTURE study (57 randomized to spironolactone and 57 to placebo). Resting and immediately post-exercise echocardiograms were performed at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. The following indices of MW were assessed: global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work, and global work efficiency. The amelioration of exercise intolerance at follow-up in the spironolactone group was accompanied by a significant improvement in exertional increase in GCW (P = 0.002) but not in GLS and other MW parameters. Increase in exercise capacity at 6 months was independently correlated with change in exertional increase in GCW from baseline to follow-up (β = 0.24; P = 0.009) but not with GLS (P = 0.14); however, no significant interaction with the use of spironolactone on peak VO2 was found (P = 0.97).

Conclusion
GCW as a measure of LV contractile response to exertion is a better determinant of exercise capacity in HFpEF than GLS. Improvement in functional capacity during follow-up is associated with improvement in exertional increment of GCW.
All-cause and cause-specific mortality in Scotland 1981–2011 by age, sex and deprivation: a population-based study
Authors: Brown Denise , Allik Mirjam , Dundas Ruth , Leyland Alastair H 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Average life expectancy has stopped increasing for many countries. This has been attributed to causes such as influenza, austerity policies and deaths of despair (drugs, alcohol and suicide). Less is known on the inequality of life expectancy over time using reliable, whole population, data. This work examines all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates in Scotland to assess the patterning of relative and absolute inequalities across three decades.

Methods
Using routinely collected Scottish mortality and population records we calculate directly age-standardized mortality rates by age group, sex and deprivation fifths for all-cause and cause-specific deaths around each census 1981–2011.

Results
All-cause mortality rates in the most deprived areas in 2011 (472 per 100 000 population) remained higher than in the least deprived in 1981 (422 per 100 000 population). For those aged 0–64, deaths from circulatory causes more than halved between 1981 and 2011 and cancer mortality decreased by a third (with greater relative declines in the least deprived areas). Over the same period, alcohol- and drug-related causes and male suicide increased (with greater absolute and relative increases in more deprived areas). There was also a significant increase in deaths from dementia and Alzheimer’s disease for those aged 75+.

Conclusions
Despite reductions in mortality, relative (but not absolute) inequalities widened between 1981 and 2011 for all-cause mortality and for several causes of death. Reducing relative inequalities in Scotland requires faster mortality declines in deprived areas while countering increases in mortality from causes such as drug- and alcohol-related harm and male suicide.
Validity of a Self-Reported Neglect Scale Among Older Adults in Poland
Authors: Zawisza Katarzyna , Galas Aleksander , Tobiasz-Adamczyk Beata , Grodzicki Tomasz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The purpose of the study was to create and validate a tool that could be implemented easily to recognize the presence and assess the level of neglect in community-dwelling older adults, and to provide information about the prevalence of the phenomenon in different subgroups of older adults in Poland.

Research Design and Methods
The cross-sectional study of elder neglect and self-neglect was conducted in Lesser Poland in 2017. It included 2,443 face-to-face interviews with randomly selected community-dwelling individuals from among the general population (1,635), social service users (280), and hospital patients (528). Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory (IRT) were used to build the scale, and its content and construct validity and reliability were assessed.

Results
The Self-Reported Neglect Scale (SRNS) with a 2-factor structure (basic needs and psychological needs dimensions) was created. Results of the IRT analysis showed high item discrimination (2.7–4.8 for the first factor, 0.8–3.2 for the second). The 1-year prevalence of neglect as a percentage of nonzero values of the SRNS was estimated at 11.4%.

Discussion and Implications
The SRNS exhibited good psychometric properties. It may have promise as a tool for the assessment of neglect in epidemiological studies as well in the everyday practice of medical professionals and social workers.
CropSight: a scalable and open-source information management system for distributed plant phenotyping and IoT-based crop management
Authors: Reynolds Daniel , Ball Joshua , Bauer Alan , Davey Robert , Griffiths Simon , Zhou Ji 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
High-quality plant phenotyping and climate data lay the foundation for phenotypic analysis and genotype-environment interaction, providing important evidence not only for plant scientists to understand the dynamics between crop performance, genotypes, and environmental factors but also for agronomists and farmers to closely monitor crops in fluctuating agricultural conditions. With the rise of Internet of Things technologies (IoT) in recent years, many IoT-based remote sensing devices have been applied to plant phenotyping and crop monitoring, which are generating terabytes of biological datasets every day. However, it is still technically challenging to calibrate, annotate, and aggregate the big data effectively, especially when they were produced in multiple locations and at different scales.

Findings
CropSight is a PHP Hypertext Pre-processor and structured query language-based server platform that provides automated data collation, storage, and information management through distributed IoT sensors and phenotyping workstations. It provides a two-component solution to monitor biological experiments through networked sensing devices, with interfaces specifically designed for distributed plant phenotyping and centralized data management. Data transfer and annotation are accomplished automatically through an hypertext transfer protocol-accessible RESTful API installed on both device side and server side of the CropSight system, which synchronize daily representative crop growth images for visual-based crop assessment and hourly microclimate readings for GxE studies. CropSight also supports the comparison of historical and ongoing crop performance while different experiments are being conducted.

Conclusions
As a scalable and open-source information management system, CropSight can be used to maintain and collate important crop performance and microclimate datasets captured by IoT sensors and distributed phenotyping installations. It provides near real-time environmental and crop growth monitoring in addition to historical and current experiment comparison through an integrated cloud-ready server system. Accessible both locally in the field through smart devices and remotely in an office using a personal computer, CropSight has been applied to field experiments of bread wheat prebreeding since 2016 and speed breeding since 2017. We believe that the CropSight system could have a significant impact on scalable plant phenotyping and IoT-style crop management to enable smart agricultural practices in the near future.
Linking genetic, metabolic, and phenotypic diversity among Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains using multi-omics associations
Authors: Kang Kang , Bergdahl Basti , Machado Daniel , Dato Laura , Han Ting-Li , Li Jun , Villas-Boas Silas , Herrgård Markus J , Förster Jochen , Panagiotou Gianni 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
The selection of bioengineering platform strains and engineering strategies to improve the stress resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains a pressing need in bio-based chemical production. Thus, a systematic effort to exploit genotypic and phenotypic diversity to boost yeast's industrial value is still urgently needed.

Results
We analyzed 5,400 growth curves obtained from 36 S. cerevisiae strains and comprehensively profiled their resistances against 13 industrially relevant stresses. We observed that bioethanol and brewing strains exhibit higher resistance against acidic conditions; however, plant isolates tend to have a wider range of resistance, which may be associated with their metabolome and fluxome signatures in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid metabolism. By deep genomic sequencing, we found that industrial strains have more genomic duplications especially affecting transcription factors, showing that they result from disparate evolutionary paths in comparison with the environmental strains, which have more indels, gene deletions, and strain-specific genes. Genome-wide association studies coupled with protein-protein interaction networks uncovered novel genetic determinants of stress resistances.

Conclusions
These resistance-related engineering targets and strain rankings provide a valuable source for engineering significantly improved industrial platform strains.