bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigations on Heat Flow of Nanofluids in Ribs Tube Configurations
Authors: Salman Sami D. , Abd Alsaheb Ramzi Ata 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this paper presents two dimensional turbulent flow of different nanofluids and ribs configuration in a circular tube have been numerically investigation using FLUENT 6.3.26. Two samples of CuO and, ZnO nanoparticles with 2% v/v concentration and 40 nm as nanoparticle diameter combined with trapezoidalribs with aspect ratio of p/d=5.72 in a constant tube surface heat flux were conducted for simulation. The results showed that heat flow as Nusselt number for all cases raises with Reynolds number and volume fraction of nanofluid, likewise the results also reveal that ZnO with volume fractions of 2% in trapezoidal ribs offered highest Nusselt number at Reynolds number of Re= 30000.
Keyword: Heat transfer augmentation, Friction factor, Thermal performance factor, Ribs configuration, CFD simulation, Fluent.
Corrosion Behavior of Nanocomposite Al-9 wt% Si Alloy Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ismeal Mustafa K. , Hassan Kharia S. , Hussian Hussian A. 
Published: April 2019

An effort is made to study the effect of composite nanocoating using aluminum-9%wt silicon alloys reinforced with different percentage (0.5,1,2,4)wt.% of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using plasma spraying. The effect of this composite on corrosion behavior for AA6061-T6 by extrapolation Tafel test in sea water 3.5wt% NaCl was invested. Many specimens where prepared from AA6061-T6 by the dimension (15x15x3)mm as this first set up and other steps include coating process, X-ray diffraction and SEM examination .The results show the CNTs increase the corrosion rate of the nanocomposite coatings with increasing the weight percentage of CNTs within the Al-Si matrix. Al-9wt%Si coating layer itself has less corrosion rate if compared with both nanocomposite coating and the substrate of AA6061-T6.
Study the Catalytic Activity of CeO2 Catalyst for the Oxidative Degradation of Orange G Dye in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Alwash Atheel 
Published: April 2019

The oxidative degradation of Orange G dye by nanosized CeO2 catalyst has been performed in this study. The catalyst was prepared by precipitation method. Various characterization techniques were carried out to study the physical and chemical properties of the synthesized catalyst. The XRD result confirms well the formation of CeO2 cubic phase. The FTIR result showed the effect of calcination temperature for CeO2 was clearly observed due to reduction in band intensity compared to uncalcined Ce nitrate sample. Meanwhile, the diffused reflection spectra recorded reflection spectra at 414 nm with an energy gap of 3.2 ev. The decolorization of Orange G dye by oxidation process were carried out under various conditions such as, the effects of H2O2 dosage , pH, catalyst dosage and the temperature of reaction. The optimum conditions for the highest decolorization efficiency (100%) were achieved at 10 mg/L of orange G dye with catalyst dosage of 1.5 g/L, pH 2, reaction temperature of 65 °C and 0.1 mL H2O2.
The Effects of Long-Term Operation and High Temperature on Material Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel Type 321H
Authors: Al-Khazraji Ahmed Naif , Amin Samir Ali , Al-Warmizyari Husam Ahmed 
Published: April 2019

Changes in mechanical properties of material as a result of service in different conditions can be provided by mechanical testing to assist the estimation of current internal situation of these materials, or the degree of deterioration may exist in furnaces serviced at high temperature and exceed their design life. Because of the rarity works on austenitic stainless steel material type AISI 321H, in this work, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, hardness, and absorbed energy by impact are evaluated based on experimental data obtained from mechanical testing. Samples of tubes are extracted from furnace belong to hydrotreaterunit, also samples from un-used tube material are used to make comparisons between these properties. Tensile properties of stainless steel (AISI 321H) were decreased as temperature increases; the trend of properties decreasing for the samples of un-used tube material is the same for the ex-used material. The trend of stress-strain curve will not change due to elevated temperature exposure for long time of service, except the yield strength will be higher in this diagram. The yield strength increased under these conditions, but the ability of material which is elongated will decrease. Hardness and absorbed energy increased by 11.28 and 14% respectively when the material is aged for long time under effect of high temperature accompanied with creep effect.
Keywords: Hardness, Impact, Mechanical Properties, Stainless Steel 321H, Mechanical Properties, Tensile Strength, Tube Furnace.
Improvement of Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Natural Rubber for Anti-Vibration Applications
Authors: Abd Ali Nabel k. , Farhan Malia. M. , . Moosa Abbas S 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This research aims to study and improve the passivating specifications of rubber resistant to vibration. In this paper, seven different rubber recipes were prepared based on mixtures of natural rubber(NR) as an essential part in addition to the synthetic rubber (IIR, BRcis, SBR, CR)with different rates. Mechanical tests such as tensile strength, hardness, friction, resistance to compression, fatigue and creep testing in addition to the rheological test were performed. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)test was used to examine the structure morphology of rubber. After studying and analyzing the results, we found that, recipe containing (BRcis) of 40% from the natural rubber has the best mechanical and physical specifications to be used in applications that require the presence of rubber, resistant to vibration.
Keywords: Ant vibration behavior , Natural rubber, Synthetic rubber, master batch.
Classical and Statistical Optimization of Medium Composition for Promoting Prodigiosin Produced by Local Isolate of Serratia Marcescens
Authors: Mohammed Sura Jasem , Kadhum Khalid Jaber , Hameed Khalid waleed 
Published: April 2019

Prodigiosin is a ‘natural red pigment produced by Serratia marcescens which exhibits immunosuppressive and anticancer properties in addition to antimicrobial activities. This work presents an attempt to maximize the production of prodigiosin by two different strategies: one factor at time (OFAT) and statistical optimization. The result of OFAT revealed that sucrose and peptone were the best carbon and nitrogen sources for pigment production with concentration of prodigiosin of about 135 mg/ L. This value was increased to 331.6mg/ L with an optimized ratio of C/N (60:40) and reached 356.8 with pH 6 and 2% inoculum size at end of classical optimization. Statistical experimental design based on Response surface methodology was conducted to optimize the composition of trace element. The design revealed that the predicted prodigiosin production of 406 mg/L can be achieved when concentrations of trace element CaCl2·2H2O, FeSO4·4H2O, MgSO4·7H2O and MnSO4·4H2O were equal to 9.22, 0.32, 0.67 and 2.48 g/L, respectively. The actual production of prodigiosin in the optimized medium was 375 mg/L. Growth kinetics of S. marcescens were evaluated in optimized medium which revealed that prodigiosin was ‘non-associated growth’ secondary metabolite with maximum production of approximately 365.7 mg/L obtained after 54 hours of incubation.
Improvement of Mechanical and Fatigue Properties for Aluminum Alloy 7049 By Using Nano Composites Technique
Authors: M. Alalkawi H. J. , Khenyab Ali Yousuf K , Ali Abduljabar H. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of present work is to improve mechanical and fatigue properties for Aluminum alloy7049 by using Nano composites technique. The ZrO2 with an average grain diameter of 30-40 nm, was selected as Nano particles, to reinforce Aluminum alloy7049 with different percentage as, 2, 4, 6 and 7 %. The Stir casting method was used to fabricate the Nano composites materials due to economical route for improvement and processing of metal matrix composites. The experimental results were shown that the adding of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as reinforced material leads to improve mechanical properties. The best percentage of improvement of mechanical properties of 7049 AA was with 4% wt. of ZrO2 about (7.76% ) for ultimate tensile stress UTS, (9.62% ) for yield stress YS and (9.92%) for hardness HB than other of adding of 2, 6 and 7% of ZrO2. Also the results shown that the fatigue strength of 7049 AA with 4 % ZrO2 nanoparticles is higher than that of 7049 AA under constant loading 9.86% at 108 cycles as well as the fatigue life factor (IFLF %) at different amplitude stress 400, 350, 300 and 250 MPa was improvement in range 66, 115, 63 and 107% respectively.
O lugar do patrimônio na operação historiográfica e o lugar da história no campo do patrimônio
Authors: Possamai Zita Rosane 
Published: April 2019

Esse artigo propõe algumas reflexões sobre o lugar do patrimônio na operação historiográfica e o lugar da história, como escrita e ação, no campo do patrimônio, a partir da divisão do texto em três momentos. Inicialmente são feitos apontamentos sobre a imbricação da história e dos historiadores com as práticas patrimoniais no Brasil, com indagações sobre afastamentos e aproximações entre esses campos. Em um segundo momento são apresentados os resultados de levantamento da produção acadêmica brasileira sobre o patrimônio, entre os anos de 1999 e 2011, especialmente no âmbito dos estudos históricos em nível de pós-graduação. Finalmente, é problematizado o conceito de campo do patrimônio e campo político para pensar os agentes envolvidos com a questão. Conclui que a história e os historiadores estiveram envolvidos com as questões do patrimônio, desde o surgimento dos primeiros museus brasileiros, no século XIX, quando esteve em voga uma determinada escrita da história associada aos Institutos Históricos e Geográficos e que, em décadas recentes, o patrimônio foi retomado pela história acadêmica como objeto de investigação e ação política.
La persistencia en el error: estructura sobredimensionada, fondos reducidos, intereses sectoriales, y sus efectos en la defensa argentina.
Authors: Ugarte José Manuel 
Published: April 2019

Argentina constituye un caso de análisis de sumo interés, en política de defensa. Posee normas y organización general correspondientes a dicho ámbito, modernas y adecuadas. Ha logrado sensibles progresos en materia de relaciones civiles-militares. No obstante, su instrumento militar se caracteriza por la obsolescencia de sus medios materiales, que en algunos casos llega a una virtual imposibilidad de operar, con serias falencias de mantenimiento; y por una muy baja condición de alistamiento. En materia de personal, y pese a brindar buena formación y perfeccionamiento a su personal, presenta dificultades, poseyendo cierto número de unidades militares incompletas, y desproporciones en el número de personal correspondiente a diversos grados militares, entre otros aspectos.La ponencia analiza las causas de tales circunstancias, y efectúa una breve comparación con otros casos regionales, como Chile y Brasil
UM OLHAR SOBRE A CAMPANHA PUBLICITÁRIA GENTE BOA TAMBÉM MATA A PARTIR DE UM ENFOQUE SÓCIO DISCURSIVO
Authors: Andrighetti Graziela , Gomes Maíra 
Published: April 2019

Partindo do pressuposto de que a linguagem é dialógica e situada na interação entre falantes, nos propomos a analisar neste artigo a polêmica campanha publicitária “Gente boa também mata”, lançada em 2016 pelo Ministério dos Transportes, Portos e Aviação, com o intuito de refletir sobre os diversos entendimentos envolvendo a campanha e sobre as relações entre o projeto enunciativo do enunciador e as interpretações ativas feitas pelos interlocutores. Para tanto, trazemos para a discussão uma das peças que compõem a campanha, bem como seus desdobramentos: comentários postados em redes sociais, trecho de reportagem de jornal e meme-resposta. Buscamos poder contribuir para as discussões envolvendo mídia e formação de leitores mais críticos.
ENAÇÃO: CONCEITOS INTRODUTÓRIOS E CONTRIBUIÇÕES CONTEMPORÂNEAS
Authors: Baum Carlos , Kroeff Renata Fischer da Silveira 
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo se propõe a ser uma introdução ao estudo dos processos cognitivos segundo uma perspectiva incorporada da cognição. Para isso, abordamos a teoria enativa, do biólogo chileno Francisco Varela, a partir de cinco conceitos principais: autonomia, adaptatividade, incorporação, emergência e experiência. Destacamos a forma como esses conceitos se alinham de modo a contrapor proposições hegemônicas no campo dos estudos cognitivos, tais como a metáfora do funcionamento da mente como um processamento computacional e a redução dos processos cognitivos à atividade neuronal.
SEASONAL MIGRANTS, CONTRACT SEX AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN THE COCOA PRODUCING CENTERS IN THE LITTORAL QUADRANT OF CAMEROON: A DIAGNOSTIC SOCIO-ANTHROPOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE POST COLONIAL ERA
Authors: Ndeh Martin Sango 
Published: April 2019

O presente estudo estabelece uma ligação entre a produção de cacau e a migração de trabalhadores sazonais, especialmente trabalhadores do sexo comercial de centros urbanos para centros de produção de cacau durante períodos específicos do ano. Camarões como um todo opera no nível primário de produção com a agricultura dominando as operações econômicas. A produção de cacau constitui um importante componente da economia da área de estudo, com as cidades produtoras de cacau de Munyenge, Ekata, Bai, Bafia e muitas outras atraindo usualmente migrantes sazonais, especialmente durante períodos de crescimento do cacau. O boom do cacau cria um espaço social diferente que atrai diferentes categorias de trabalhadores sociais - pequenos comerciantes, compradores de cacau e profissionais do sexo que migram para essas áreas com a intenção de obter ganhos rápidos de suas atividades sexuais. Ao chegar a essas áreas, as profissionais do sexo entram na prostituição, fazem acordos sexuais e contratam casamentos que duram o período do boom. As trabalhadoras do sexo são geralmente de centros urbanos como Douala, Mutengene, Tiko e Limbe. As explosões de cacau em torno dessas áreas são geralmente caracterizadas por uma espécie de euforia social que é animada pela importação de profissionais do sexo, consumo excessivo e gastos generosos. Esse tipo de atmosfera social em torno dos centros de produção de cacau aumenta a vulnerabilidade das profissionais do sexo e dos operadores de cacau ao HIV / AIDS. Para realizar os objetivos deste estudo, adotou-se uma abordagem interdisciplinar, pois atravessa as ciências sociais e a história. Um delineamento qualitativo de análise foi empregado. Os mecanismos participantes / observadores foram igualmente um instrumento eficiente de coleta de dados. A escassez de literatura fez com que esta pesquisa dependesse principalmente de fontes orais. A partir das descobertas, os centros produtores de cacau de Munyenge, Ekata e muitos outros registram um enorme influxo de migrantes durante os períodos de expansão do cacau, incluindo os comerciais do sexo. Casamentos por contrato e contratos sexuais são comuns nessas áreas durante essas temporadas, resultando em um aumento na vulnerabilidade induzida pela mobilidade ao HIV.
Non-smooth analysis in a national electricity market model: a complex approach
Authors: Valencia Johnny , Olivar Gerard , Redondo Johan Manuel , Ibarra Vega Danny , Peña Rincón Carlos 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we show the preliminary results in a proposed a model for the supply and demand of electricity in a domestic market based on system dynamics. Additionally, the model indicates piecewise smooth differential equations arising from the diagram of flows and levels, using dynamical systems theory for the study of the stability of the equilibrium points that have such a system. A bifurcation analysis approach is proposed to define and understand the complex behavior. Until now, no work has been reported related to this topic using bifurcations criteria. The growing interest in personal ways of self-generation using renewable sources can lead the national grid to a standstill and low investment in the system. However, it is essential to preserve the national network as a power supply support to domestic and enterprise demand. To understand this scenario, we include an analysis of zero-rate demand growth. Under this hypothesis, a none smooth bifurcation appears related to a policy which involves the variation of the capacity charge. As a first significant result, we found that it is possible to preserve the investments in the market since, through the capacity charge parameter, the system dynamics can be controlled. Then, from a business approach, it is necessary to know the effects of the capacity charge as the strategic policy in the system generation price scheme.
The role of economic cooperation between two rural communities
Authors: Amador Moncada Jorge , Redondo Johan Manuel , Olivar Tost Gerard 
Published: April 2019

Historical civilizations have evidenced different routes to the collapse mainly due to political, warfare, cultural and environmental damages. This has animated modern researches to study and understand social, economic, and environmental challenges that modern societies must adopt in order to avoid history from repeat itself, and even worst, irreversibly. Many of these researches are focused on modelling through sets of ordinary differential equations (ODE's) representing the dynamic interaction between natural resources and population in an isolated society. In this work, we introduce the fact of cooperation between two similar societies, modelled as sets of ODE's of the type Brander and Taylor (1998), in the sense that economical exchange can exist between them. We couple two societies by introducing a simple receive-and-protect rule in which one society receive the other's help under the condition of protecting its own resources. We set that this cooperation may be constant, when it does not change all over the time, or changes intermittently depending on the level of resources each society has at any time. When cooperation is constant, the resulting system is a 4-dimensional system of ODE's that evolves smoothly, but if cooperation is intermittent, the coupled 4-dimensional system becomes a Filippov system. In both cases, we found that under economic cooperation, societies can survive at least in the long run, different from what happens when both societies are treated in isolation for the same parameter values.
A multidimensional analysis for the management of research projects in business faculties
Authors: Del Río Cortina Abel , Redondo Johan Manuel 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this short-paper is to show an overview of academic research in business faculties, making emphasis on the way the interactions of project life cycle and product life cycle are the support for the improvement of organizational capabilities. We start by addressing the generalities of research systems; later, we get into some ideas about the management of research processes in business faculties; we exemplify the management of these kind of projects; and finally, we show the general way in which project life cycle and product life cycle support the improvement of organizational capabilities in business faculties.
Accounting Information in Corporate Governance: Implications for Standard Setting
Authors: Kothari S. P. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Accounting standards are crucially relevant in the context of the use of accounting information in corporate governance. Notwithstanding highly liquid capital markets, large and small shareholders, many activist shareholders, sophisticated analysts, vigilant press reporters, and a vibrant litigious environment, corporate governance challenges continue to make media headlines, and they seem to occur with a great degree of regularity. The essay offers a high-level description of the objectives of accounting standards, a quick run through the evolution of accounting research over the past half-century, and, finally, offers three examples of standards and disclosure requirements that might be worthwhile to reexamine in light of the governance role of accounting information.
Whethering Station: Thin surface, thick surface
Authors: De Manincor John 
Published: April 2019

The Whethering Station project forms part of the PhD by Practice at RMIT University. Titled Surface and the spaces between, the thesis explores the idea of “surface and space as reciprocal and correspondent entities”, a proposition by Nader Tehrani and Monica Ponce de Leon in their seminal essay Versioning: Connubial Reciprocities of Surface and Space (Tehrani/Ponce de Leon, 2002: 18-28). The project continues a “contest” between structure and skin (Leatherbarrow/Mostafavi 2002: 7) through the creation of a modest pavilion using novel fabrication processes for thin, double-curved composite materials. This thin surface blurs the distinction between cladding and lining, obliterating the “mute workings of the section” (Blais, 1996). The work explores the possibility of occupying a surface implied by a six millimeter “thin” line.
Interior turbulence and the thresholding of atmospheres
Authors: Cottrell Chris 
Published: April 2019

Turbulence, understood as a disruptive process of coming together, offers a productive metaphor for making sense of the complex dynamics involved in the formation and design of atmospheres. This paper extends the idea of turbulence to spatial, material, experiential and disciplinary registers, and examines the varied and sometimes contradictory forces that exist between them, with reference to an architectural installation project, Cloud Sound.
An understanding of atmospheres as always in negotiation across a region of turbulence, rather than a static well-defined boundary, is developed. Cloud Sound sustains this uncertainty by keeping things unfixed and in play, part of an active process that I call thresholding. This concept is supported by a discussion of the ambiguity of atmospheres and how they disrupt distinctions between organisms and their environments, something that has implications for expanded disciplinary practises.
La calidad del sistema universitario en China: la Liga C9 y la clasificación de Shanghái
Authors: Ruiz Morillas Nuria 
Published: April 2019

El sistema universitario chino ha experimentado un crecimiento muy importante en los últimos años. El gobierno ha destinado recursos para potenciar la investigación y aumentar la presencia de las universidades chinas en el mapa universitario mundial. Nueve de estas universidades constituyen la Liga C9. En este artículo se analiza la evolución de las posiciones en la clasificación de Shanghái de las universidades de la Liga C9 y se comparan los resultados con otras dos clasificaciones de carácter internacional, el QS World University Ranquings y el Times Higher Education.