bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yellowing and YPT gene expression in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria: Effects of developmental stages and fasting
Authors: Sugahara Ryohei , Tanaka Seiji 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe yellow protein of the takeout family (YPT) controls the development of yellow body color in the desert locust. This study focused on two aspects related to YPT in the locust. We first examined the expression pattern of YPT during nymphal stages because yellowing was not obvious during the early instars. YPT expression levels were extremely low in the second and third instars compared with the last two nymphal instars. Warm rearing temperature and juvenile hormone (JH) injection, which stimulated YPT expression in the late instars, had little effect in the second instar, suggesting that YPT expression during the early instars was suppressed and could not be stimulated by either of these factors. We also investigated delayed yellowing in fasting male adults, under the hypothesis that fasting decreased the JH titers and delayed the onset of YPT expression. Yellowing was delayed in fasting adults compared with well‐fed adults and YPT expression was stimulated by JH injections at Day 15. However, we failed to obtain evidence that fasting significantly influenced the expression levels of YPT and the JH early‐inducible gene Krüppel homolog 1 at Days 15 and 20 post‐adult emergence. Results suggest that a YPT‐independent mechanism possibly induces delayed yellowing in fasting males.
Tuning the Magnetization Dynamic Properties of Nd⋅⋅⋅Fe and Nd⋅⋅⋅Co Single‐Molecular Magnets by Introducing 3 d–4 f Magnetic Interactions
Authors: Wei Rong‐Min , Liu Ting , Li Jing , Zhang Xiuling , Chen Yuting , Zhang Yi‐Quan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBy using paramagnetic [Fe(CN)6]3− anions in place of diamagnetic [Co(CN)6]3− anions, two field‐induced mononuclear single‐molecular magnets, [Nd(18‐crown‐6)(H2O)4][Co(CN)6]⋅2 H2O (1) and [Nd(18‐crown‐6)(H2O)4][Fe(CN)6]⋅2 H2O (2), have been synthesized and characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that compounds 1 and 2 were ionic complexes. The NdIII ions were located inside the cavities of the 18‐crown‐6 ligands and were each bound by four water molecules on either side of the crown ether. Magnetic investigations showed that these compounds were both field‐induced single‐molecular magnets. By comparing the slow relaxation behaviors of compounds 1 and 2, we found significant differences between the direct and Raman processes for these two complexes, with a stronger direct process in compound 2 at low temperatures. Complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were also performed on two [Nd(18‐crown‐6)(H2O)4]3+ fragments of compounds 1 and 2. Ab initio calculations showed that the magnetic anisotropies of the NdIII centers in complexes 1 and 2 were similar to each other, which indicated that the difference in relaxation behavior was not owing to the magnetic anisotropy of NdIII. Our analysis showed that the magnetic interaction between the NdIII ion and the low‐spin FeIII ion in complex 2 played an important role in enhancing the direct process and suppressing the Raman process of the single‐molecular magnet.
Meta-analysis of the molecular associations of mucinous colorectal cancer
Authors: Reynolds I S , Furney S J , Kay E W , McNamara D A , Prehn J H M , Burke J P 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMucinous differentiation occurs in 5–15 per cent of colorectal adenocarcinomas. This subtype of colorectal cancer responds poorly to chemoradiotherapy and has a worse prognosis. The genetic aetiology underpinning this cancer subtype lacks consensus. The aim of this study was to use meta-analytical techniques to clarify the molecular associations of mucinous colorectal cancer.MethodsThis study adhered to MOOSE guidelines. Databases were searched for studies comparing KRAS, BRAF, microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), p53 and p27 status between patients with mucinous and non-mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma. A random-effects model was used for analysis.ResultsData from 46 studies describing 17 746 patients were included. Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma was associated positively with KRAS (odds ratio (OR) 1·46, 95 per cent c.i. 1·08 to 2·00, P = 0·014) and BRAF (OR 3·49, 2·50 to 4·87; P &lt; 0·001) mutation, MSI (OR 3·98, 3·30 to 4·79; P &lt; 0·001) and CIMP (OR 3·56, 2·85 to 4·43; P &lt; 0·001), and negatively with altered p53 expression (OR 0·46, 0·31 to 0·67; P &lt; 0·001).ConclusionThe genetic origins of mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma are predominantly associated with BRAF, MSI and CIMP pathways. This pattern of molecular alterations may in part explain the resistance to standard chemotherapy regimens seen in mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Novel immune–risk score of gastric cancer: A molecular prediction model combining the value of immune–risk status and chemosensitivity
Authors: Duan Shijie , Wang Pengliang , Liu Funan , Huang Hanwei , An Wen , Pan Siwei , Wang Xin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGastric cancer is still one of the most common and deadly malignancies in the world. Not all patients could benefit from chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy due to tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, identifying different subgroups of patients is an important trend for obtaining more effective responses. However, few molecular classifications associated with chemosensitivity are based on immune–risk status. In this study, we obtained six key immune–related genes. Using these genes, we constructed a molecular model related to immune–risk status and calculated an individual immune–risk score. The score showed great efficiency and stability in predicting prognosis and identifying different subgroups where persons could benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy. The patients could be divided into different risk groups based on the immune–related score. For patients in the low–risk group, both postoperative chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy could significantly improve prognosis on overall survival (OS) and disease–free survival (DFS) (DFS, P < 0.001 and P = 0.041, respectively; OS, P < 0.001, P = 0.006, respectively) and chemoradiotherapy was significantly superior than simple chemotherapy (DFS, P = 0.031; OS, P = 0.027). For patients with an intermediate–risk score, postoperative chemoradiotherapy showed a statistically significant survival advantage over no anticancer treatment (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002, respectively), while chemotherapy did not. Compared with no adjuvant treatment, neither postoperative chemoradiotherapy nor chemotherapy made significant difference for patients in the high–risk group. Combining the value of immune–risk status and chemosensitivity, the immune–risk score could not only offer us prognostic evaluation and adjuvant treatment guidance, but also improve our understanding about the binding point between chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and the immune system, which may be helpful for further expanding the application of immunotherapy.
Highly‐calcific carotid lesions endovascular management in symptomatic and increased‐stroke‐risk asymptomatic patients using the CGuard™ dual‐layer carotid stent system: Analysis from the PARADIGM study
Authors: Mazurek Adam , Partyka Lukasz , Trystula Mariusz , Jakala Jacek , Proniewska Klaudia , Borratynska Anna , Tomaszewski Tomasz , Slezak Magdalena , Malinowski Krzysztof P. , Drazkiewicz Tomasz , Podolec Piotr , Rosenfiled Kenneth , Musialek Piotr 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess feasibility, safety, angiographic, and clinical outcome of highly‐calcific carotid stenosis (HCCS) endovascular management using CGuard™ dual‐layer carotid stents.BackgroundHCCS has been a challenge to carotid artery stenting (CAS) using conventional stents. CGuard combines a high‐radial‐force open‐cell frame conformability with MicroNet sealing properties.MethodsThe PARADIGM study is prospectively assessing routine CGuard use in all‐comer carotid revascularization patients; the focus of the present analysis is HCCS versus non‐HCCS lesions. Angiographic HCCS (core laboratory evaluation) required calcific segment length to lesion length ≥2/3, minimal calcification thickness ≥3 mm, circularity (≥3 quadrants), and calcification severity grade ≥3 (carotid calcification severity scoring system [CCSS]; G0‐G4).ResultsOne hundred and one consecutive patients (51–86 years, 54.4% symptomatic; 106 lesions) received CAS (16 HCCS and 90 non‐HCCS); eight others (two HCCS) were treated surgically. CCSS evaluation was reproducible, with weighted kappa (95% CI) of 0.73 (0.58–0.88) and 0.83 (0.71–0.94) for inter‐ and intra‐observer reproducibility respectively. HCCS postdilatation pressures were higher than those in non‐HCCS; 22 (20–24) versus 20 (18–24) atm, p = .028; median (Q1–Q3). Angiography‐optimized HCCS‐CAS was feasible and free of contrast extravasation or clinical complications. Overall residual diameter stenosis was single‐digit but it was higher in HCCS; 9 (4–17) versus 3 (1–7) %, p = .002. At 30 days and 12 months HCCS in‐stent velocities were normal and there were no adverse clinical events.ConclusionCGuard HCCS endovascular management was feasible and safe. A novel algorithm to grade carotid artery calcification severity was reproducible and applicable in clinical study setting. Larger HCCS series and longer‐term follow‐up are warranted.
Bismuth Oxysulfide Photoelectrodes with Giant Incident Photon‐to‐Current Conversion Efficiency: Chemical Stability in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Bondarenko Evgeny A. , Streltsov Eugene A. , Mazanik Alexander V. , Kulak Anatoly I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBismuth oxysulfide (BOS) films demonstrate giant incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE≫100 %) under cathodic polarization. Their photoelectrochemical behavior and corrosion stability in aqueous solutions containing different redox systems ([Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4−, Fe3+/Fe2+, I2/I−, Sn2−/S2−) has been investigated. We established that the chemical stability of the BOS is controlled mainly by three factors: i) potentials of cathodic and anodic destruction of the BOS (Bi3+ reduction and S2− oxidation)L ii) protolytic reactions leading to the dissolution of the semiconductor in acidic solutions at pH<3; iii) presence in solutions of anions, capable to participate in ion exchange reactions with the semiconductor forming poorly soluble compounds (K[BiFe(CN)6] ⋅ 3H2O, BiOI and Bi2S3). The enrichment of the BOS surface with sulfur atoms (formation of S‐terminated surface) gives rise to the substantial increase in the electrocatalytic activity of [Fe(CN)6]3− cathodic reduction, which is accompanied by up to order increase of IPCE.
Precise Proton Mapping near Ionic Micellar Membranes with Fluorescent Photoinduced‐Electron‐Transfer Sensors
Authors: Uchiyama Seiichi , Yano Kayo , Fukatsu Eiko , de Silva A. Prasanna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOne of the challenges for fluorescent sensors is to reduce their target environment size from a micrometer scale, such as biological cells, to a nanometer scale. Proton maps near membranes are of importance in bioenergetics and are the first goal in nanometer‐scale analysis with fluorescent sensors. Thirty‐three fluorescent photoinduced‐electron‐transfer pH sensors bearing an environment‐sensitive benzofurazan fluorophore and having different hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and hydrogen‐bonding abilities were prepared. These sensors were scattered in nanospaces associated with anionic and cationic micelles as model membranes to indicate proton availability and polarity in local spaces. Gathering the data from the sensors allowed the successful drawing of proton maps near anionic and cationic micelles, in which electrostatic attraction/repulsion of protons by the charged head groups of micelles and dielectric suppression of protons were clearly observed.
When Gold Cations Meet Polyoxometalates
Authors: Blanc Aurélien , de Frémont Pierre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMerging gold(I) cations with polyoxometalate anions results in various interclusters and complexes. Herein, the synthesis of these newly emerging gold(I)/polyoxometalate materials is reviewed. The applications of these promising hybrids in organic catalysis are also summarized and evaluated in terms of the advantages and limitations of the catalysts including efficiency, synergistic effects and recyclability.
Spectroscopic Analysis of Protein‐Crowded Environments Using the Charge‐Transfer Fluorescence Probe 8‐Anilino‐1‐Naphthalenesulfonic Acid
Authors: Ota Chikashi , Takano Kazufumi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe molecular behaviors of proteins under crowding conditions are crucial for understanding the protein actions in intracellular environments. Under a crowded environment, the distance between protein molecules is almost the same size as the molecular level, thus, both the excluded volume effect and short ranged soft chemical interaction on protein surface could induce the complicated influence on the protein behavior cooperatively. Recently, various kinds of analytical approaches from macroscopic to microscopic aspects have been made to evaluate the crowding effect. The method, however, has not been established to evaluate the surface specific interactions on protein surface. In this study, the analytical method to evaluate the crowding effect has been suggested by using a charge‐transfer fluorescence probe, ANS. By employing the unique property of ANS attaching to charged residues on the surface of lysozyme, the crowding effect was focused, while the case was compared as a reference, in which ANS is confined in hydrophobic pockets of BSA. Consequently, the surface specific changes of fluorescence spectra were readily observed under the crowded environment, whereas the fluorescence spectra of ANS in protein inside did not change. This result suggests the fluorescence spectra of ANS binding to protein surface have the capability to estimate the crowding effect of proteins.
Metformin reduces maternal weight gain in obese pregnant women: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of two randomized controlled trials
Authors: D'Ambrosio Valentina , Brunelli Roberto , Vena Flaminia , Di Mascio Daniele , Marchetti Claudia , Boccherini Chiara , Piccioni Maria Grazia , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi , Giancotti Antonella 
Published: April 2019

SummaryObese pregnant women are likely to face several gestational and neonatal complications. Metformin is an effective oral antihyperglycaemic agent that is considered to be effective during pregnancy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of metformin on obstetric and perinatal outcomes in obese pregnant women. Electronic databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, OVID, and Cochrane Library). The selection criteria included only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of obese pregnant women randomized to a daily metformin regimen or to a placebo condition. The type of participants included women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 who did not have diabetes mellitus, any other disease, or a contraindication to metformin use. The summary measures were reported as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The primary outcome was the effect on maternal weight gain (MWG). Two double‐blind RCTs, including 849 obese pregnant women, were included in the meta‐analysis: 428 (50.4%) were randomized to the metformin group, and 421 (49.6%) were randomized to the placebo group. The use of metformin was significantly associated with lower MWG. Metformin was also associated with a significantly lower incidence of preeclampsia (PE) and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Metformin could be considered a useful drug for the treatment of obese, nondiabetic pregnant women because it can significantly decrease weight gain in pregnant women and improve perinatal outcomes by reducing the incidence of PE and NICU admission. However, women should be aware of the uncertainties concerning the long‐term effects of metformin transplacental passage on metabolic outcomes.
Seasonal, tidal, and geomorphic controls on sediment export to Amazon River tidal floodplains
Authors: Nowacki Daniel J. , Ogston Andrea S. , Nittrouer Charles A. , Fricke Aaron T. , Asp Nils E. , Souza Filho Pedro Walfir M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMainstem–floodplain material exchange in the tidal freshwater reach of major rivers may lead to significant sequestration of riverine sediment, but this zone remains understudied compared to adjacent fluvial and marine environments. This knowledge gap prompts investigation of floodplain‐incising tidal channels found along the banks of tidal rivers and their role in facilitating water and suspended‐sediment fluxes between mainstem and floodplain. To evaluate this role, and how it evolves along the tidal river and with time, we measured water level, flow velocity, temperature, and suspended‐sediment concentration (SSC) in four tidal channels along the tidal Amazon River, Brazil. Eleven deployments were made during low, rising, high, and falling seasonal Amazon discharge. Generally, channels export high‐SSC water from the mainstem to the tidal floodplain on flood tides and transfer low‐SSC water back to the mainstem on ebbs. Along the length of the tidal river, the interaction between tidal and seasonal water‐level variations and channel–floodplain morphology is a primary control on tidal‐channel sediment dynamics. Close to the river mouth, where tides are large, this interaction produces transient flow features and current‐induced sediment resuspension, but the importance of these processes decreases with distance upstream. Although the magnitude of the exchange of water and sediment between mainstem and floodplain via tidal channels is a small percentage of the total mainstem discharge in this large tidal‐river system, tidal channels are important conduits for material flux between these two environments. This flux is critical to resisting floodplain submergence during times of rising sea level. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying flow resistance in mountain streams using computational fluid dynamics modeling over structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry‐derived microtopography
Authors: Chen Yunxiang , DiBiase Roman A. , McCarroll Nicholas , Liu Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFlow resistance in mountain streams is important for assessing flooding hazard and quantifying sediment transport and bedrock incision in upland landscapes. In such settings, flow resistance is sensitive to grain‐scale roughness, which has traditionally been characterized by particle size distributions derived from laborious point counts of streambed sediment. Developing a general framework for rapid quantification of resistance in mountain streams is still a challenge. Here we present a semi‐automated workflow that combines millimeter‐ to centimeter‐scale structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry surveys of bed topography and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to better evaluate surface roughness and rapidly quantify flow resistance in mountain streams. The workflow was applied to three field sites of gravel, cobble, and boulder‐bedded channels with a wide range of grain size, sorting, and shape. Large‐eddy simulations with body‐fitted meshes generated from SfM photogrammetry‐derived surfaces were performed to quantify flow resistance. The analysis of bed microtopography using a second‐order structure function identified three scaling regimes that corresponded to important roughness length scales and surface complexity contributing to flow resistance. The standard deviation σz of detrended streambed elevation normalized by water depth, as a proxy for the vertical roughness length scale, emerges as the primary control on flow resistance and is furthermore tied to the characteristic length scale of rough surface‐generated vortices. Horizontal length scales and surface complexity are secondary controls on flow resistance. A new resistance predictor linking water depth and vertical roughness scale, i.e. H/σz, is proposed based on the comparison between σz and the characteristic length scale of vortex shedding. In addition, representing streambeds using digital elevation models (DEM) is appropriate for well‐sorted streambeds, but not for poorly sorted ones under shallow and medium flow depth conditions due to the missing local overhanging features captured by fully 3D meshes which modulate local pressure gradient and thus bulk flow separation and pressure distribution. An appraisal of the mesh resolution effect on flow resistance shows that the SfM photogrammetry data resolution and the optimal CFD mesh size should be about 1/7 to 1/14 of the standard deviation of bed elevation. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in severe dementia: Associations with specific cognitive domains the Cache County Dementia Progression Study
Authors: Rozum William J. , Cooley Bryce , Vernon Elizabeth , Matyi Joshua , Tschanz JoAnn T. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and cognitive correlates in severe dementia.MethodsA population‐based sample of 56 individuals with severe dementia (85.7% Alzheimer's type; 67.9% female) were assessed with the Severe Cognitive Impairment Profile (SCIP) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Descriptive statistics displayed the frequency of NPS and bivariate and multiple regression analyses examined the associations between cognitive domains on the SCIP and NPS total, domain, and cluster scores.ResultsNPS were common in severe dementia with 98% of the sample exhibiting at least one symptom. Most common were delusions, apathy, agitation/aggression, and aberrant motor behavior, affecting 50% or more of participants. SCIP comportment was significantly associated with NPI total score and apathy (r = −.350 and −.292, respectively). All SCIP domains except for arithmetic, visuospatial, comportment, and motor behavior were significantly associated with agitation/aggression (r = −.285 to −.350). These associations remained in individual multiple regression models.ConclusionIn severe dementia, impairment in specific cognitive domains was associated with more severe NPS. Environmental manipulations to reduce processing demands in persons with severe dementia may be a useful strategy to target agitation and aggressive behaviors.
Role of sternomastoid muscle interposition in concomitant transoral oncologic resection and neck dissection
Authors: Panda Smriti , Thakar Alok , Sikka Kapil , Sharma Suresh C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo report the experience with sternomastoid (SM) myofascial flap for reconstruction/buttressing of lateral pharyngeal wall and floor of mouth defects following transoral onco‐surgery.MethodsProspectively collected data from February 2012‐January 2018. SM flap harvested as a superiorly based flap supplied by the occipital artery and consisting of only the anterior SM head.ResultsA total of 42 patients were included (TORS, n = 40; TOUSS, n = 2). Three of 42 patients developed transient pharyngo‐cervical communications with subsequent spontaneous healing. Flap loss was not noted in any patient. Forty‐one of 42 patients resumed normal swallowing and one patient was PEG dependent. Fifteen of 42 patients had pretreatment metastatic neck nodes. No patient however developed nodal recurrence over a median follow‐up of 30 months.ConclusionThe modified SM flap as reported here is a simple locally available reconstructive option when undertaking transoral surgery. Oncological concerns may however limit its use in situations with large nodal metastasis or extracapsular spread.