bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative estimation of submarine groundwater discharge using airborne thermal infrared data acquired at two different tidal heights
Authors: Kang Ki‐mook , Kim Duk‐jin , Kim Yunjee , Lee Eunhee , Kim Bong‐Gwan , Kim Seung Hee , Ha Kyoochul , Koh Dong‐Chan , Cho Yang‐Ki , Kim Guebuem 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge (SGD) plays an important role in coastal biogeochemical processes and hydrological cycles, particularly off volcanic islands in oligotrophic oceans. However, the spatial and temporal variations of SGD are still poorly understood owing to difficulty in taking rapid SGD measurements over a large scale. In this study, we used four airborne thermal infrared surveys (twice each during high and low tides) to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of SGD over the entire coast of Jeju Island, Korea. On the basis of an analytical model, we found a linear positive correlation between the thermal anomaly and squares of the groundwater discharge velocity and a negative exponential correlation between the anomaly and water depth (including tide height and bathymetry). We then derived a new equation for quantitatively estimating the SGD flow rates from thermal anomalies acquired at two different tide heights. The proposed method was validated with the measured SGD flow rates using a current meter at Gongcheonpo Beach. We believe that the method can be effectively applied for rapid estimation of SGD over coastal areas, where fresh groundwater discharge is significant, using airborne thermal infrared surveys.
Experimental investigation of suspended particles transport in porous medium under variable temperatures
Authors: Cui Xianze , Fan Yong , Wang Hongxing , Huang Shibing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a study on suspended particle transport in porous medium with the aid of a sand layer transportation–deposition testing system to determine the kinetic characteristics of particles in porous medium under variable temperatures. Quartz sand and quartz powder were chosen as the porous medium and particle in the tests, respectively. Four size compositions and two operational modes, that is, temperature reduction mode (changing from 18°C to 5°C) and temperature increment mode (changing from 18°C to 35°C), were adopted. The turbidity and concentration of quartz powder were measured under various conditions. We observed a high temperature‐independent correlation between them. Breakthrough curves under different conditions were analysed using this testing system. The results showed that changes in temperature affected the particle transport process to some extent, and the degree of influence was closely related to the time moment of the temperature change onset. Moreover, we found a hysteresis phenomenon in the breakthrough curve under both temperature reduction and increment conditions. The results also indicated that the temperature effect was particularly significant for smaller particles. The typical curves to represent particle transport process under variable temperatures were put forward according to the results. To explain the test results, four factors, that is, water viscosity, adsorption effect, double layer force, and particle kinetic energy, were considered and categorized as promotion or constraining factors.
Addition of phosphates and chlorhexidine to resin‐modified MTA materials
Authors: Vitti Rafael Pino , Pacheco Rafael Rocha , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Prati Carlo , Gandolfi Maria Giovanna , Piva Evandro , Ogliari Fabrício Aulo , Zanchi Cesar Henrique , Sinhoreti Mário Alexandre Coelho 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo evaluate the properties of experimental mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) resin‐modified materials for root‐end filling procedures, varying their compositions regarding the addition of hydroxiapatite (HA) or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, with or without chlorhexidine digluconate. White MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) was used as a reference material. Degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIr) spectroscopy (n = 5). Flowability (n = 3) and radiopacity (n = 3) were evaluated following ISO 6876:2001 methods. For splitting tensile strength analysis, cylindrical samples (n = 10) were subjected to compressive load using a universal testing machine (Instron Corporation, Norwood, MA). Water sorption and solubility tests were performed according to ISO 4049:2009 methods. Calcium ion release and pH analysis (n = 10) were evaluated using a pH meter (Orion, Watsonville, CA). Cytotoxicity (n = 8) of materials extracts was evaluated as cell viability percentage. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov–Smirnov for normal distribution and data was subjected to one‐way ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05). Addition of chlorhexidine digluconate reduced DC mean values for experimental materials (<50%). White MTA demonstrated lower flowability (5.3 mm) and higher radiopacity (9.8 mm Al), splitting tensile strength (9.1 MPa), solubility (8.2 μg/mm3), calcium ion release (~26.5 ppm), cytotoxicity (55.2%), and pH mean values (10.8), when compared to experimental materials. All groups demonstrated a decrease in calcium release (<85%) and pH (<13%). Formulation containing HA demonstrated similar pH values after 28 days when compared to white MTA. Evaluated experimental resin‐modified MTA based materials without chlorhexidine digluconate showed satisfactory results for all physico‐chemical properties tested and cytotoxicity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2195–2201, 2019.
Downregulated NOX4 underlies a novel inhibitory role of microRNA‐137 in prostate cancer
Authors: Wu Qi‐Quan , Zheng Bin , Weng Guo‐Bin , Yang Hou‐Meng , Ren Yu , Weng Xi‐Jun , Zhang Shu‐Wei , Zhu Wei‐Zhi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProstate cancer is the second highest caused by cancer‐related death among males. microRNAs (miRs) have been reported to participate in carcinogenesis, yet their roles in prostate cancer are rarely studied or investigated. Therefore, the present study attempted to explore the effect of miR‐137 in prostate cancer via regulating NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). Initially, microarray analysis was performed to obtain prostate cancer‐related differentially expressed genes and miRs that regulated NOX4, followed by detecting the expression of miR‐137 and NOX4 and its target relationship. Moreover, PC‐3 cells were transfected with small interfering RNA (siNOX4) and miR‐137 mimic for exploring the effect of miR‐137 on glycolysis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis in prostate cancer by evaluating lactate production, glucose uptake, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, viability rate, and expression of cleaved caspases 3, 8, and 9, cytochrome c, cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP), Bax, and Bcl‐2. miR‐137 was vital to prostate cancer progression via regulating NOX4. Besides, miR‐137 expressed poorly while NOX4 expressed highly in prostate cancer. NOX4 was the target gene of miR‐137. Additionally, overexpression of miR‐137 and silencing of NOX4 were observed to decrease NOX4 and Bcl‐2 protein expression, but increase cleaved caspases 3, 8, and 9, cytochrome c, cleaved‐PARP, and Bax protein expression. Furthermore, miR‐137 overexpression and NOX4 silencing contributed to decreased lactate production, glucose uptake, ATP production, and cell proliferation, but increased apoptosis rate. Collectively, the present study showed that miR‐137 repressed glycolysis in prostate cancer through knockdown of NOX4, which might be a potential theoretical target for prostate cancer treatment.
Selective etching of SiO2 nanospheres as reservoirs for pH‐sensitive release of cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
Authors: Hernández‐Castillo Daniela J , Alvarez‐Lemus Mayra A , de la Cruz‐Hernández Erick N , López‐González Rosendo , García Mendoza Cinthia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelective etching of silica nanoparticles allows the formation of mesoporosity, increasing the loading capability of nanoparticles for further drug release applications. By coating such mesoporous silica nanoparticles with biocompatible pH‐sensitive polymers, the selectivity of drug delivery systems can be enhanced and adverse side effects can be minimized. So far, selectively etched silica has been scarcely explored for drug encapsulation.RESULTSSpherical particles with sizes ranging from 200 to 500 nm were obtained by the Stöber method. Selective etching was performed at two different aging times, leading to the formation of uniform pores with specific surface areas of 115 and 150 m2 g−1 for 0 and 14 h of aging respectively. X‐ray analysis demonstrated the formation of ordered materials, while the hydrodynamic sizes were around 300 nm. cis‐Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) was encapsulated in etched silica nanoparticles and coated with chitosan, and the drug was released at pH 5. In vitro evaluation of the nanoparticles was performed in U‐373 cells, reaching around 40% of cell death.CONCLUSIONSelective etching of nanoparticles allowed the obtaining of homogeneous coated hybrid nanoparticles and an efficient pH‐sensitive drug delivery hybrid system for the release of chemotherapeutic agent with enhanced activity against U‐373 human glioblastoma cells. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Detection of Brucella abortus by a platform functionalized with protein A and specific antibodies IgG
Authors: Baltierra‐Uribe Shantal Lizbeth , Chanona‐Pérez José Jorge , Méndez‐Méndez Juan Vicente , Perea‐Flores María de Jesús , Sánchez‐Chávez Anahí Carolina , García‐Pérez Blanca Estela , Moreno‐Lafont Martha Cecilia , López‐Santiago Rubén 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOriented immobilization of antibodies on a sensor surface is critical for enhancing both the antigen‐binding capacity and the sensitivity of immunosensors. In this study, we describe a strategy to adsorb immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti‐Brucella antibodies onto a silicon surface, oriented by protein A obtained from Staphylococcus aureus (SpA). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize topographically, morphologically, and chemical changes of the sensor functionalization. The activity of the biosensor was assessed by confocal microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, and bacteria capture assays (BCA). According to the BCA, the efficiency of Brucella abortus detection with the SpA‐IgG anti Brucella biosensor was three‐fold higher than that of the random orientated IgG anti Brucella biosensor. The limit of detection was 1 × 106 CFU/ml. These data show that the orientation of antibodies immobilization is crucial to developing immunosensors for bacterial antigen detection as Brucella spp and improve its sensibility level. Functionalization with protein A increases Brucella detection by an antibody‐coated surface. Functionalized silicon surface for Brucella detection was characterized by atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and confocal microscopy.
Effectiveness of rhBMP‐2 association to autogenous, allogeneic, and heterologous bone grafts
Authors: Gonzaga Miliane Gonçalves , dos Santos Kotake Bruna Gabriela , de Figueiredo Fellipe Augusto Tocchini , Feldman Sara , Ervolino Edilson , dos Santos Maria Cecília Gorita , Issa João Paulo Mardegan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProteins with osteoinductive potential, especially recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)‐2, have large effects on cell growth and their differentiation. The aim of this study was to assess repair of bone defects in rat calvaria with different types of grafts associated with rhBMP‐2, through immunohistochemistry and micro computed tomography (CT) analyses. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were selected, each weighing ~250 g, with a waiting period of 6 weeks from the creation of the defect to the sacrifice, and divided into five groups (n = 7): autograft plus 5 μg rhBMP‐2 (AuG/BMP‐2); allograft plus 5 μg rhBMP‐2 (AlG/BMP‐2); xenograft (heterologous) plus 5 μg rhBMP‐2 (XeG/BMP‐2); 5 μg rhBMP‐2 (BMP‐2) and the control group (n = 7). The micro CT reveal that all groups associating different bone grafts with BMP‐2 showed increased bone formation compared to the control. The immunostaining show that osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein were higher in groups with BMP‐2 than control group; BMP was high expressed in AuG/BMP‐2, AlG/BMP‐2, and BMP‐2; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was more expressed in groups with BMP‐2; VEGF‐R2 was low to moderate in AuG/BMP‐2, XeG/BMP‐2, and BMP‐2, predominantly moderate in AlG/BMP‐2 and low in the control; CD‐31 was predominantly moderate in AuG/BMP‐2, AlG/BMP‐2, and XeG/BMP‐2, low to moderate in BMP‐2 and low in the control. The results revealed that rhBMP‐2 improved bone repair when administered alone, or when associated with different bone grafts.
Factors predicting the time‐length variability of identically protocoled MRI exams
Authors: Avey Gregory D. , Belden Daryn S. , Zea Ryan D. , Yu John‐Paul J. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundClinical variability in MRI exam durations can impede efficient MRI utilization. There is a paucity of data regarding the degree of variability of identically protocoled MRI studies and when nontechnological factors contribute to time‐length variations in MRI exams.PurposeTo measure the magnitude of variation in MRI exam duration for identically protocoled MRI exams and to identify potential contributors to variations in MRI exam times.Study TypeRetrospective.Subjects2705 identically protocoled MRI examinations of the cervical spine without contrast, comprehensive stroke exams, and comprehensive brain examinations performed on adult patients from June 30, 2016 through June 30, 2017.AssessmentMRI exam duration was obtained directly from the image data. Potential predictors for exam length variability were evaluated including patient age, patient gender, performing technologist, patient status (inpatient/outpatient/emergency department), MRI field strength, use of sedation, day of week, and the time of day.Statistical TestsLinear regression analysis was performed for each individual variable after correcting for the MRI exam type. A multivariate mixed model was generated to assess for independent associations between the predictors and exam duration.ResultsThere was substantial variability in the duration of the selected clinical MRI exams, with standard deviations (SDs) ranging between 19% and 29% of the mean exam length for each individual type of exam. The performing technologist was the most significant identified factor contributing to this variation in exam length; SD = 2.645 (P < 0.001). Compared with outpatient exams, inpatient exams required 4.18 minutes longer to complete (P < 0.001), and emergency department studies 1.86 minutes longer (P = 0.005). Male gender was associated with an additional 1.36 minutes of exam time (P < 0.001).Data ConclusionNontechnical factors are associated with substantial variation in MRI exam times. These variations can be predicted based on relatively simple clinical and demographic factors, with implications for MRI exam scheduling, protocol design, staff training, and workflow design.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 6J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.
Symptoms that are associated with decreased pancreatic enzyme flow: MRCP assessment
Authors: Yamamoto Akira , Ito Katsuyoshi , Yasokawa Kazuya , Kanki Akihiko , Tanimoto Daigo , Hayashida Minoru , Tamada Tsutomu 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundPancreatic exocrine insufficiency is one of the causes of malabsorption syndrome. In many cases of malabsorption syndrome, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency can be treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. Therefore, it is important to detect pancreatic endocrine insufficiency as early and accurately as possible. Recent studies have shown that cine‐dynamic MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) may be useful to evaluate pancreatic exocrine functionPurposeTo identify abdominal symptoms that suggest decreased flow of pancreatic enzyme secretion for which cine‐dynamic MRCP should be performed to diagnose pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.Study TypeProspective.PopulationIn all, 111 patients with various types of abdominal symptoms.Field Strength/Sequence5 T or 3 T, MRCP with spatially selective inversion recovery pulse (cine‐dynamic MRCP).AssessmentCine‐dynamic MRCP was performed and an 18‐question clinical questionnaire on abdominal symptoms was administered. The secretion grade derived from cine‐dynamic MRCP was compared between those answering "yes" and "no" for all 18 itemsStatistical TestsUnivariate analysis and further analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The associations between the secretion grade and the items in the clinical questionnaire were analyzed by univariate analysis and further analyzed using multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe following three items showed significantly negative correlations with secretion grade: Q9, Does your rectal gas smell foul? (β = –0.44, P = 0.001); Q13, Is stool quantity large? (β = –0.41, P = 0.001); and Q18, Are your stools soft? (β = –0.53, P < 0.001). No significant correlations with exocrine pancreatic function measured by cine‐dynamic MRCP were seen for the remaining 15 abdominal symptom items.Data ConclusionAbdominal symptoms that suggest decreased flow of pancreatic enzyme secretion were foul rectal gas, large stool, and soft stool. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency due to decreased pancreatic enzyme flow may be suspected in patients with these abdominal symptoms.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:417–423.
Platelet derived growth factor‐BB levels in gingival crevicular fluid of localized intrabony defect sites treated with platelet rich fibrin membrane or collagen membrane containing recombinant human platelet derived growth factor‐BB: A randomized clinical and biochemical study
Authors: Joshi Amruta A. , Padhye Ashvini M. , Gupta Himani S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of autologous and recombinant growth factor/matrix combination products represent a new emerging trend in regenerative therapeutics and have gained increasing attention as a strategy to optimize tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels of platelet derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during early healing period after the regenerative treatment of intrabony defects using beta tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) as a bone regeneration material with either platelet rich fibrin (PRF) membrane or collagen membrane (CM) treated with recombinant human PDGF‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB).MethodsTwenty patients (13 males and 7 females) with chronic periodontitis participated in this prospective, randomized clinical and biochemical study. Each patient was randomly assigned to PRF membrane (group A) or CM incorporated with rhPDGF‐BB (group B). GCF samples were obtained on days 3, 7, 14, and 30 for evaluation of PDGF‐BB levels and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels.ResultsOn days 3 and 7 following surgery, mean levels of PDGF‐BB at sites treated with PRF membrane or CM incorporated with rhPDGF‐BB as a barrier membrane were not significantly different. PDGF‐BB levels decreased significantly in samples collected on days 14 and 30 with significant differences between both the groups. ALP levels significantly increased from day 3 to day 30 but there was no difference between two groups.ConclusionWithin the limitations of the study, both PRF membrane and CM incorporated with rhPDGF‐BB showed comparable GCF levels of PDGF‐BB initially with PRF showing more sustained levels throughout the study period.
Small beer? peer‐to‐peer lending in the craft beer sector
Authors: Mac an Bhaird Ciarán , Owen Robyn , Dodd Sarah Drakopoulou , Wilson Juliette , Bisignano Angelo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPeer‐to‐peer lending has advantages of ease of access to finance, timely and efficient delivery of funding and is particularly beneficial at a specific time in the lifecycle of the firm.
The influence of institutional environment on venture capital development in emerging economies: The example of Nigeria
Authors: Ekanem Ignatius , Owen Robyn , Cardoso Antonio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVenture capital (VC) can be nurtured in the right environment, within an emerging economy, to be attractive to private VC investment development. Venture capitalists require stable institutional frameworks, regulations, and tax regimes alongside clear exit strategies. Informal institution such as networking is important for VC development. Governments of emerging economies need to stimulate entrepreneurial awareness of equity finance through training and promotion to facilitate investment readiness.
Regiospecific methylation of all the hydroxyls in (+)‐catechin by a stepwise differentiation strategy
Authors: Hong Shan , Wang Shanshan , Cai He , Liu Songbai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethylated derivatives of catechins have received great attention for health beneficial effects, especially antiallergic activity. However, the scarce natural abundance of methylated catechins limits further bioactive studies. The objective of this work was to investigate regiospecific methylation of the hydroxyls of (+)‐catechin through a stepwise differentiation strategy based on electronic difference between the hydroxyl groups.RESULTSSelective methylation of the hydroxyls on different rings was realized by employing Meerwein salt as the methylation reagent. Preferential acylation of the phenolic hydroxyls on A and B rings allowed selective exposure of the aliphatic hydroxyl on C ring to methylation. The vicinal phenolic hydroxyls on B ring were preferentially methylated under mild basic condition due to the acidic properties. Methylation of the phenolic hydroxyls on A ring was achieved by sequential protection and deprotection operations. Finally, antioxidant activities of all the individual methylated (+)‐catechins were explored by 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) assay.CONCLUSIONRegiospecific methylation of the phenolic and aliphatic hydroxyls was systematically achieved under mild conditions. Preparation of all the individual methylated (+)‐catechins was accomplished with a greener methylation reagent: nonvolatile Meerwein salt. This work laid a solid foundation for preparation of diverse O‐methylated catechins for bioactivity studies. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved survival in rectal cancer patients who are treated with long‐course versus short‐course neoadjuvant radiotherapy: A propensity‐matched analysis of the NCDB
Authors: Chapman Brandon C. , Goodman Karyn , Hosokawa Patrick , Gleisner Ana , Cowan Michelle L. , Birnbaum Elisa , Vogel Jon D. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundRandomized controlled trials have demonstrated comparable survival outcomes for short‐course (SCRT) and long‐course neoadjuvant radiotherapy (LCRT) in patients with rectal cancer.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Data Base (2004‐2015), a propensity score was used to match 188 patients with rectal cancer receiving SCRT to 376 patients receiving LCRT. Perioperative, oncologic, and survival outcomes were compared.ResultsPatient and clinical tumor characteristics were similar between groups. Patients in the LCRT were more likely to undergo surgery (91% vs 85%; P = 0.03). The LCRT group were more likely to have tumor (T) (56% vs 43%) and nodal (N) (25% vs 19%) downstaging, and a complete pathological response (15% vs 6%) compared with the SCRT group (all P < 0.05). Length of stay (6 vs 8 days), 30‐day (1% vs 5%) mortality, and 90‐day mortality (1% vs 10%) were significantly lower in the LCRT group (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for patient and tumor‐related characteristics, LCRT was associated with a 50% reduction in the risk of mortality compared with SCRT (hazard ratios, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.35‐0.70).ConclusionsIn this analysis, LCRT was superior to SCRT in terms of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy, perioperative mortality, and overall survival. These findings provide evidence for the use of LCRT when neoadjuvant therapy is indicated.