bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Young Adults With Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Placebo-Controlled, Crossover GH Trial
Authors: Donze Stephany H , de Weerd Al W , van den Bossche Renilde A S , Joosten Koen F M , Hokken-Koelega Anita C S 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Context
Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) are common in people with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Young adults with PWS benefit from GH continuation after attaining adult height by maintaining the improved body composition obtained during childhood. There are, no studies about the effects of GH on SRBD in young adults with PWS who were treated with GH during childhood.

Objective
Investigate the effects of GH vs placebo on SRBD in young adults with PWS who were treated with GH during childhood and had attained adult height.

Design
Two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 27 young adults with PWS, stratified for sex and body mass index.

Setting
Dutch PWS Reference Center.

Intervention
Crossover intervention with GH (0.67 mg/m2/d) and placebo, both over one year.

Main Outcome Measures
Apnea hypopnea index (AHI), obstructive apnea index (OAI), central apnea index (CAI), measured by polysomnography.

Results
Compared with placebo, GH did not increase AHI, CAI, or OAI (P &gt; 0.35). The effect of GH vs placebo was neither different between men and women, nor between patients with a deletion or maternal uniparental disomy/imprinting center defect. After two years, there was no difference in AHI, CAI, or OAI compared with baseline (P &gt; 0.18). Two patients (7%) fulfilled the criteria of obstructive sleep apnea regardless of GH or placebo.

Conclusions
GH compared with placebo does not cause a substantial increase in AHI, CAI, or OAI in adults with PWS who were treated with GH during childhood and have attained adult height. Our findings are reassuring and prove that GH can be administered safely.
Using Pupillary Pain Index to Assess Nociception in Sedated Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Vinclair Marc , Schilte Clotilde , Roudaud Florian , Lavolaine Julien , Francony Gilles , Bouzat Pierre , Bosson Jean-Luc , Payen Jean-Francois 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:
Pupillary reflex dilation is a reliable indicator of response to noxious stimulation. In a proof of concept study, we investigated the performance of pupillary pain index, a new score derived from pupillary reflex dilation measurements, to predict nociceptive response to endotracheal suctioning in sedated critically ill patients.

METHODS:
Twenty brain-injured and 20 non–brain-injured patients were studied within 48 hours of admission (T1) in the intensive care unit and at 48–72 hours later (T2). Video-based pupillometer was used to determine pupillary reflex dilation during tetanic stimulation. The tetanic stimulation (100 Hz) was applied to the skin area innervated by the ulnar nerve and was stepwise increased from 10 to 60 mA until pupil size had increased by 13% compared to baseline. The maximum intensity value allowed the determination of a pupillary pain index score ranging from 1 (no nociception) to 9 (high nociception). The Behavioral Pain Scale response to endotracheal suctioning was measured thereafter.

RESULTS:
Behavioral Pain Scale responses to endotracheal suctioning and pupillary pain index scores were positively correlated at T1 and T2 (both P < .01). After adjustments for repeated measurements and group of patients, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of pupillary pain index to predict Behavioral Pain Scale response to endotracheal suctioning was of 0.862 (95% CI, 0.714–0.954). In the combined set of patients, a pupillary pain index score of ≤4 could predict no nociceptive response to endotracheal suctioning with a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI, 68%–97%) and a specificity of 79% (95% CI, 66%–88%). By contrast with endotracheal suctioning, tetanic stimulation had no effect on intracranial pressure in the brain-injured group.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results are a proof of concept. The nociceptive response to endotracheal suctioning could be accurately predicted using the determination of pupillary pain index score in sedated critically ill patients whether they have brain injury or not.
The Aesthetics of Scholarship
Authors: Matteini Michele 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In the late 1770s Weng Fanggang (1733–1818) initiated what would become a defining feature of High Qing cultural and social life: ceremonies in honor of Su Shi's birthday. These elaborate, collective rituals took place yearly in Weng's Beijing residence and centered on a number of authentic “traces” (ji) of Su Shi that Weng had rediscovered over time. What was the significance of these rituals and how did they relate to the broader late-eighteenth-century interest in the past's material traces? This essay follows Weng Fanggang's quest for Su Shi across the empire and reconstructs the ways three such traces—a calligraphy, a poetry anthology, and a portrait—were continually transformed to accommodate Weng's act of devotion to Su Shi. The active participation of Chosŏn scholars in Weng's endeavors extended the cult of Su Shi beyond the borders of the Qing empire, outlining the existence of a transnational community of scholars who identified themselves in shared cultural symbols.
Los inmigrantes europeos en las novelas de Ricardo Piglia. Lecturas paralelas de las novelas Respiración artificial y La ciudad ausente
Authors: Cselik Ágnes 
Published: April 2019

En las novelas La ciudad ausente y Respiración artificial de Ricardo Piglia la mayoría de los personajes son inmigrantes europeos que desempeñan un papel clave. Italianos, alemanes, rusos y húngaros, intelectuales, artistas, obreros, y conspiradores que, con su simple presencia, con su historia personal y nacional, con sus tradiciones, su lengua y cultura se encajan en la sociedad argentina, opinan y reflexionan sobre el presente y pasado histórico de su país de origen y a la par conversan y reaccionan sobre el presente y el pasado de su país de residencia dando un enfoque peculiar: argentino y europeo al mismo tiempo.
Una escritura que se olvida de las fronteras: visión supranacional y desterritorialización de la trama en los relatos del uruguayo Daniel Mella
Authors: Riccardi Giuseppe Gatti 
Published: April 2019

Dentro de la producción literaria de las promociones hispanoamericanas más recientes, el objeto de nuestro estudio reside en reflexionar sobre esa vertiente que pone de relieve un proceso de superación de los fenómenos de localización de la escritura y de los contenidos narrados. Nuestro análisis de centra, en particular, en la producción artística (y literaria) de un país como Uruguay, en el que durante los últimos treinta años se han ido consolidando escrituras deslocalizadas e historias desterritorializadas. El objetivo de nuestro estudio (apoyado en la teoría de especialistas como Fernando Aínsa o Néstor García Canclini) reside en aplicar a la narrativa de Daniel Mella (Montevideo, 1975) esta capacidad del escritor ecléctico para franquear los límites fronterizos y salir de la tentación de una escritura localizada. Para analizar este proceso, que conlleva la ausencia de un referente patriótico inmediato e implica la desaparición de todo “centro”, se estudiará la recopilación de cuentos Lava, en la que el cosmopolitismo topográfico del escritor se funda no tanto en una narrativa escrita desde una posición de nomadismo espacial del artista, sino en una escritura que configura para sus personajes una ausencia de fronteras en cuanto a la ubicación de sus hazañas ficcionales, y plantea también una nueva dimensión de alejamiento del centro, de tipo anímico-emocional.
Componentes lingüísticos de la chilenidad: lexicología
Authors: Branza Mircea-Doru 
Published: April 2019

Las diferentes variedades diatópicas del español se caracterizan no sólo por diferentes fenómenos de variación fonética y morfo-sintáctica, sino, sobre todo, por una rica variación léxica. En el caso de la variedad chilena, sus rasgos característicos son, por lo general, de índole léxica y se deben a contactos lingüísticos específicos de dicha área geográfica, ausentes o menos frecuentes en otras áreas: el contacto con el quechua, aimara, mapuche (o mapudungún), alemán, gitano o con la variedad argentina del español. La existencia de tales préstamos en la variedad chilena del español se explica por la evolución histórico-cultural de la República de Chile.
Piles of Money: “Hemorrhoids” Are a Billion-Dollar Industry
Authors: Cosman Bard C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Two persistent problems confront anyone wishing to gauge the public-health cost and impact of hemorrhoids. First, there is the slipperiness of the term “hemorrhoids,” which both patients and physicians use with imprecision. Second, there is endoscopic over-diagnosis of prominent anal cushions as internal hemorrhoids. While these factors both inflate the apparent cost of hemorrhoids, the fact remains that hemorrhoid diagnosis and treatment has become a billion-dollar industry.
Medullary thyroid cancer. Returning to the need to determine the preoperative basal calcitonin level in patients with thyroid nodular pathology
Authors: Stanyakina Elena E. , Romanov Ilia S. , Kondratieva Tatiana T. , Krylov Alexander S. , Ryzhkov Alexey D. , Shiryaev Sergey V. 
Published: April 2019

There are International and Russian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma. There is a recommendation to determine the basal level of calcitonin for all patients with nodular thyroid disease at the all of these documents. However, this test is not performed for this category of patients routinely even in large clinics for a number of reasons, the main one, which seems to be an economic issue. Six months ago a patient addressed to our clinic who underwent surgical treatment for a papillary carcinoma (follicular variant) of the thyroid gland in the volume of thyroidectomy with pre-tracheal lymphodissection and subsequent course of radioiodine therapy at the place of residence. A relapse of the disease was suspected on the control examination at the place of residence and the patient was sent for consultation to the polyclinic of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. In our clinic, diagnostic studies were carried out, including a revision of the finished cytological and histological preparations and a conclusion was obtained – medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Determination of basal level of calcitonin in serum showed a value of 1292 pg/ml. The level of basal calcitonin significantly decreased after repeated surgical treatment. This case shows that in order to avoid such mistake, which is described in our clinical case, it seems necessary to follow the national recommendations, international standards to determine the level of basal calcitonin for all patients with thyroid nodal pathology who consulted and treated in medical institutions.
Do Local Institutions Affect Labour Market Participation? The Italian Case
Authors: Agovino Massimiliano , Garofalo Antonio , Cerciello Massimiliano 
Published: April 2019

AbstractItaly features very low labour market participation rates for both men and women, coupled with a sizeable participation gender gap. This work investigates empirically the relation between institutional quality and labour market participation at the local level. Using official records on the Italian provinces over the 2004–2012 timespan and the Institutional Quality Index, we use a Spatial Lag of X model to gauge the direct and indirect impact of local institutions on male and female participation rates, with particular regard to the participation gender gap. The results support the idea that institutional quality has a significant impact on local labour market participation, for both men and women, while it does not affect the participation gap. Moreover, institutions generate spatial spillovers, affecting participation in neighbouring provinces. Finally, the availability of public child care facilities is as a key determinant of female participation.
Effect of process variations of polycaprolactone modification on wood durability, dimensional stability and boron leaching
Authors: Ermeydan Mahmut Ali , Kartal Zeynep Nur , Tomak Eylem D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this study, in situ graft polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) was studied for its potential to limit boric acid (BA) leaching from wood, and to increase the dimensional stability and biological durability of wood against Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor fungi. For this purpose, CL monomer with/without BA was impregnated into wood, and the monomer was polymerized in wood cell walls using various methods and combinations of reactants. It was found that biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) grafting at high monomer concentrations could inhibit fungal degradation of wood cell walls, as well as improve the dimensional stability of wood up to 55% and reduce water uptake (WU) by about 50%. However, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis revealed that in situ graft polymerization of CL is not an effective method to prevent BA leaching from wood.
Implicitness, automaticity, and consciousness in language attitudes research
Authors: Pantos Andrew 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Over the past several years, there has been increasing interest in incorporating implicit attitude measures into language attitudes research. While the tools used to measure implicit attitudes are relatively new to linguists, they are grounded in a long history of social cognition research, where dual processing models of attitude formation have been discussed and debated for decades. As the use of these methods becomes more prevalent in language attitudes research, there is a growing tendency for language attitudes researchers to overlook the foundational literature and focus only on sociolinguistic studies as precedent. As a result, there is a tendency to conflate and misuse terminology – most notably the terms automatic, implicit, and unconscious – and to mischaracterize the kinds of conclusions that can safely be drawn from experimental studies. The purpose of this paper is to help language attitudes researchers by providing perspective on the theoretical traditions of dual processing models and an analysis of the implications of selecting particular attitudes measures, and to make an appeal for the use of clear and consistent terminology in reporting this type of language attitudes research.
Optimizing model and algorithm for railway freight loading problem
Authors: Chen Hao , Wang Yugang , Lucas Raquel Martínez 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper constructed an optimizing model on multiple vehicles and multiple goods, which is used in a study on the loading problem for railway freight. We take the maximum utilization coefficient of car loading capacity, volume capacity and layout optimal degree as objective functions. Several major factors in railway transportation have been cited as constraints: center of gravity, non-overlapping freight, transportation circumscription, car marked loading capacity and volume capacity. In order to increase the car utilization coefficient and obtain flat layers in the loading scheme, an improved genetic annealing algorithm is proposed to solve this optimizing model. The proposed algorithm can efficiently obtain a satisfactory loading scheme in railway transportation. At the end, a numerical example shows that the proposed model and algorithm are better than First Fit Algorithm and Neural Network Algorithm in goods loading capacity and volume capacity, the new loading schemes are more flat on each layer.
Strategy variability in numerosity comparison task: a study in young and older adults
Authors: Roquet Angélique , Lemaire Patrick 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe investigated strategies used by young and older adults in dot comparison tasks to further our understanding of mechanisms underlying numerosity discrimination and age-related differences therein. The participants were shown a series of two dot collections and asked to select the largest collection. Analyses of verbal protocols collected on each trial, solution times, and percentages of errors documented the strategy repertoire and strategy distribution in young and older adults. Based on visual features of dot collections, both young and older adults used a set of 9 strategies and selected strategies on a trial-by-trial basis. The findings also documented age-related differences (i.e., strategy preferences) and similarities (e.g., number of strategies used by individuals) in strategies and performance. Strategy variability found here has important implications for understanding numerosity comparison and contrasts with previous findings suggesting that participants use a single strategy when they compare dot collections.
Dependence of UO2 surface morphology on processing history within a single synthetic route
Authors: Abbott Erik C. , Brenkmann Alexandria , Galbraith Craig , Ong Joshua , Schwerdt Ian J. , Albrecht Brent D. , Tasdizen Tolga , McDonald IV Luther W. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine forensic signatures for processing history of UO2 based on modifications in intermediate materials within the uranyl peroxide route. Uranyl peroxide was calcined to multiple intermediate U-oxides including Am-UO3, α-UO3, and α-U3O8 during the production of UO2. The intermediate U-oxides were then reduced to α-UO2 via hydrogen reduction under identical conditions. Powder X-ray diffractometry (p-XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze powders of the intermediate U-oxides and resulting UO2 to evaluate the phase and purity of the freshly synthesized materials. All U-oxides were also analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the morphology of the freshly prepared powders. The microscopy images were subsequently analyzed using the Morphological Analysis for Materials (MAMA) version 2.1 software to quantitatively compare differences in the morphology of UO2 from each intermediate U-oxide. In addition, the microscopy images were analyzed using a machine learning model which was trained based on a VGG 16 architecture. Results show no differences in the XRD or XPS spectra of the UO2 produced from each intermediate. However, results from both the segmentation and machine learning proved that the morphology was quantifiably different. In addition, the morphology of UO2 was very similar, if not identical, to the intermediate material from which it was prepared, thus making quantitative morphological analysis a reliable forensic signature of processing history.
Leaching of 137Cs from Chernobyl fuel debris: corium and “lava”
Authors: Zubekhina Bella Yu. , Burakov Boris E. , Bogdanova Oksana G. , Petrov Yuriy Yu. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Samples of Chernobyl fuel debris such as corium and “lava” had been studied using repeated static leach test MCC-1 at temperature of 25 and 90 °C in distilled water and simulated seawater. A normalized 137Cs mass loss (NLCs) estimated for corium samples after 168 days in distilled and seawater was 3.2–3.5 g/m2 at 25 °C and 113–114 g/m2 at 90 °C. For “lava” samples NLCs varied from 1.4 to 13.2 g/m2 at 90 °C for 56 days (in distilled and seawater) and from 0.1 to 0.4 g/m2 at 25 °C in seawater for 140 days. Chemical durability of Chernobyl “lava” in distilled and seawater evaluated using 137Cs specific activity in leachates is higher than one for corium. Further study is proposed in order to obtain more quantitative data.
Kultursensible Begleitung am Lebensende: Beitrag der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Wasner Maria 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Begleitung von Menschen am Lebensende wurde in den letzten Jahren immer mehr als ein zentrales Element der Gesundheitsversorgung erkannt. Es haben aber immer noch nicht alle Betroffenen gleichermaßen Zugang zu einer guten Versorgung am Lebensende, davon sind insbesondere Menschen mit anderen kulturellen Hintergründen betroffen. Um allen eine gute Versorgung am Lebensende zu ermöglichen, werden Forderungen nach einer kultursensiblen Begleitung immer lauter. Im aktuellen Diskurs zum Begriff Kultur dominieren zwei unterschiedliche Kulturverständnisse, nämlich das essentialistische und das konstruktivistische. Letzterer Ansatz geht davon aus, dass abgeschlossene Kulturen nicht (mehr) existieren, sondern dass jede Person in unterschiedliche Kulturen eingebunden ist, mit teilweise sich widersprechenden Werten und Regeln. Aus diesem Grunde sollte eine kultursensible Begleitung immer auf einer individuellen Ebene erfolgen. Hilfreich dabei ist die Verwendung einer transkulturellen Anamnese – vorausgesetzt der Begleiter verfügt über die dafür notwendigen Kompetenzen: Hintergrundwissen und Erfahrung, Selbstreflexivität und narrative Empathie. Die Soziale Arbeit ist durch ihr Selbstverständnis, ihre Haltung und ihre Kompetenzen geradezu prädestiniert, Menschen am Lebensende und ihre Angehörigen kultursensibel zu begleiten. An einzelnen Tätigkeitsfeldern wird dies exemplarisch erläutert.
Spiritualität als Ressource in der Sozialen Arbeit
Authors: Rehn Julia 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Aktuell findet die Verbindung von Sozialer Arbeit und Spiritualität im deutschsprachigen Raum vorrangig implizit Verbreitung. Wie kommt die Ressource Spiritualität dennoch in der Sozialen Arbeit zum Einsatz? Anhand von Literatur, Erfahrungsberichten und einem Fallbeispiel wird die Verbreitung dieses Schnittmengenbereiches untersucht. Bereits bestehende Verbindungen existieren in der Suchthilfe und im Hospizbereich. Das Fellow-Traveller-Modell und die HOPE-Fragen aus dem angloamerikanischen Raum werden vorgestellt und auf ihre hiesige Verwendung geprüft.
Die Ressourcenstärke von Spiritualität korreliert positiv mit dem Befähigungsansatz der Sozialen Arbeit. Langjährige Bezugsbetreuung bietet die supportive Erfahrung von Eingebundensein in ein überindividuelles Ganzes. Sozialarbeiterisches Handeln bildet einen spirituellen Prozess ab: sich Verbindungen bewusst zu werden, diese in Raum und Zeit herzustellen und mit Leben zu füllen. Spiritualität enthält ein supportives Potenzial, welches in Verbindung mit Sozialer Arbeit einen lebenspraktischen Niederschlag finden kann. Die Verbindung beider Erlebnisbereiche ist noch zu selten und sollte ausgeweitet werden. Sie bietet die Möglichkeit, Menschen in Krisenzeiten sehr eng durch den persönlichen und beruflichen Alltag zu begleiten.
On Cartographic Techniques in Literature
Authors: Smid Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMy article investigates the manifold interactions between textual and diagrammatic elements. First, it outlines the changes in literary and cultural studies in the wake of the so-called ‘topographical turn,’ which have made possible the identification of certain cartographic practices as cultural techniques. Second, it discusses Friedrich Kittler’s idea of literature as a cultural technique itself, and considers how this concept can be reconciled with the topographical turn. Third, it analyses a handful of cartographic techniques employed in narratives and argues for a field of scriptural operations that provide a common ground for jointly reading maps and novels. Fourth, it carries out a reading of Thomas Pynchon’sGravity’s Rainbowwhich focuses on how the diagrammatic inscription of the V2 rocket and its arc condition both the protagonists’ movement on the novel’s plane and the map-making instances in the narrative. Fifth and finally, it points out why Pynchon’s work might be considered a medial counterpart of a map if the topographical approach, instead of being considered a comparison between fictional and real locations, is understood as a scrutiny into the operations indispensable to creating a fictional territory.