bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automated approach to health misinformation monitoring on YouTube
Authors: Zakir Hussain I , Kaur N , Oetomo A , Chen L , Morita P P , Hanjahanja-Phiri T , Kaur J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
YouTube is a social media platform associated with large viewership but little research into its role in the propagation of online health misinformation. This study proposes an automated pipeline to facilitate the collection and analysis of health misinformation on YouTube.

Methods
The pipeline relies on Python and the Youtube Data API. A preliminary test of the proposed pipeline was conducted using two videos from the channel “@BobbyParrish” (5.55M subscribers, 1.5K videos). The pipeline was used to extract two videos with large view counts and comparable like and comment counts. This extraction includes the transcript of the respective videos and engagement metrics. All the comment threads under the videos are also collected with the reply structure preserved. Then, the pipeline employs NLTK’s SentimentIntensityAnalyzer to score each comment for sentiment polarity and classify into positive, negative, or neutral. The pipeline generates visualizations of the sentiment distribution and a frequency-based word cloud of emojis extracted from the text.

Results
The proposed pipeline passed the test satisfactorily. It was able to retrieve channel statistics and metrics associated with the videos on the channel. It also successfully extracted the transcript and complete comments of the videos while preserving the integrity of the reply structure found on YouTube. Automated analyses of the data resulted in comprehensive and accessible visualizations.

Conclusions
The proposed work has the potential to facilitate large-scale studies into the propagation of health misinformation on YouTube. Moreover, it can be used by public health officials to rapidly address viral videos spreading health misinformation through social inoculation. Future work includes integrating topic modelling and automatic classification of health misinformation in the analysis portion of the pipeline.

Key messages
• The pipeline offers public health officials and researchers a rapid tool to identify and analyze health misinformation on YouTube, facilitating timely interventions.
• The pipeline enhances the ability to monitor and respond to evolving public health misinformation trends, by automating the extraction and sentiment analysis of YouTube data.
How likely are Eastern European and Central Asian Countries to Achieve Global NCD Targets?
Authors: Dumcheva A , Nevalainen J , Laatikainen T , Nuorti P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In Europe, premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have declined significantly, except in twelve countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA), namely Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Analyses of the long-term trends of NCD premature mortality in EECA are limited making it hard to know what to expect over the next years.

Methods
We used the 1990-2019 Global Burden of Disease database to analyze NCD trends and identify country-specific change points by using piecewise linear regression. We assessed the likelihood of achieving NCD global targets (GTs) to reduce premature mortality among persons 30-69 years old from four NCDs: cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) by 25% from 2010 to 2025 (WHO25X25 target) and by 33% from 2015 to 2030 (SDG 3.4.1).

Results
Only Kazakhstan and Russia are likely to achieve NCD-GTs. For Kazakhstan, WHO25X25 and SDG 3.4.1 GTs mortality rates were 494.3 and 374.8 per 100,000 population respectively; the corresponding predicted values (PVs) were 360.6 [CI 260.1-461.1] and 245.1 [CI 113.4-376.8]. For Russia, WHO25X25 and SDG 3.4.1 GTs were 560.5 and 442.8 per 100,000 population respectively; the corresponding PVs were 427.7 [CI 270.3-585.1] and 311.0 [CI 102.8-519.1]. Achieving NCD-GTs is also possible for Kyrgyzstan. For the rest of EECA countries achieving NCD-GTs is unlikely. All EECA countries have increasing premature mortality from DM, eleven - from CRD and cancers, and six - from CVD. Most EECA countries have higher NCD rates and slower progress among men compared with women.

Conclusions
In most EECA countries the trend towards achieving NCD-GTs is slow or reversed. Further quantitative and qualitative research is needed to understand the underlying reasons. Separate indicators are needed to monitor countries’ progress for cancers, DM and CRDs.

Key messages
• Most EECA countries have slow or reversed trend in achieving NCD-GTs. All EECA have increasing premature mortality from DM, eleven – from CRD and cancers, and six – from CVD.
• Further research is needed to understand the underlying reasons for slow progress towards NCD-GTs in EECA. Separate indicators are needed to monitor progress for cancers, DM and CRDs.
Evolution and future prospects in quantifying the chemical burden in Portugal
Authors: Assunção R , Martins C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The quantification of the burden associated with chemicals is essential for comprehending their impact on public health and implementing effective risk management strategies. This presentation underscores the significance of conducting such assessments at both national and local levels, taking into account the exposures and vulnerabilities of those populations. Our objective is to provide an overview of past burden quantification exercises in the Portuguese context while identifying ongoing and future initiatives. Drawing from past experiences, we have initially characterized the burden of the Portuguese population’s exposure to mycotoxins through food consumption, particularly aflatoxins, and the consequent health burden. This laid the groundwork for discussing the potential consequences of climate change in this context and the associated burden. Subsequently, various exercises have been undertaken, incorporating diverse data sources, including human biomonitoring. Currently, several exercises are ongoing or planned, addressing different chemicals and contexts. These include arsenic and its association with various types of cancer, mercury and lead linked to cognitive impairment, and air pollution (e.g., PM2.5 and NO2) and its impact on health (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, asthma). Given the evolving challenges posed by climate change and emerging contaminants, understanding the burden of chemicals assumes increased importance, reinforcing the role of these assessments in safeguarding public health, guiding policy decisions, and highlighting the necessity of prioritizing research and surveillance efforts to protect human health and mitigate the adverse effects of chemical exposures.
Healthy design strategies to promote Urban Public Mental Health, according to the contemporary cities’ climate resilience and the SDGs’ challenges
Authors: Capolongo S , Rebecchi A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
According to the “Urban Health Rome Declaration” at European meeting “G7 Health” that defines the strategic aspects and actions to improve Public Health into the cities, and referring to the Agenda 2030 in which the 11th SDG argue about “Sustainable Cities and Communities. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”, one of the most expressive syntheses of the challenging relationship between urban planning and Public Health is stated by WHO (2016): “Health is the precondition of urban sustainable development and the first priority for urban planners”. Referring to the Healthy Cities & Urban Health definitions, we can consider Public Health not merely an aspect of health protection and promotion, but an individual and collective condition, strongly influenced by the environmental context and by the strategies implemented by local Governments. The “Health in All Policies” strategy, clearly underlines how health doesn’t depend only on the supply of healthcare services, but also, on the quality of outdoor and indoor living environments. Aim of the Presentation 3 is the share the findings of a literature review about the link between the urban contexts’ morphological and functional features; the results are divided into: 14 Health Outcomes, representing the main Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) whose come from the urban environment’s quality and by the adoption of healthy lifestyles; 8 types of Environmental Risk Factors (Urban Heat Island Effect; soil/air/acoustic/light pollution; vehicular traffic; Safety & Security; weak attractiveness of places); and 14 Healthy Urban Planning Strategies (green/blue/grey infrastructures; biodiversity protection; adverse meteoric events management; public transport systems; vehicular traffic reduction; pedestrian and cycling paths; social and functional mix; urban solid waste’s management; renewable energy and efficiency; outdoor spaces lighting; Design for All).
Exposure to food additive mixtures and type 2 diabetes risk in the NutriNet-Santé cohort
Authors: Payen de la Garanderie M , Deschamp N , Hasenböhler A , Javaux G , Szabo de Edelenyi F , Agaësse C , De Sa A , Deschasaux-Tanguy M , Srour B , Touvier M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
So far, the safety evaluation of food additives has been performed substance by substance, while in real life, millions of individuals are exposed to mixtures of food additives daily. According to preliminary experimental data, some of these chemicals, alone and/or in synergy are suspected to impact metabolic health. The objective of this study was to investigate for the first time the associations between exposure to mixtures of food additives and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in a large prospective cohort of French adults.

Methods
Participants (n = 108,783, 79.2% women, mean age=42.4 years, SD = 14.6) from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2024) completed repeated 24h-dietary records, detailing industrial product brands. Additive exposure was assessed using composition databases and laboratory assays. Five mixtures of additives were identified through non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF). Associations between these mixtures and the risk of T2D were characterised using multivariable proportional hazards Cox models adjusted for known risk factors.

Findings
1115 participants were identified with T2D during follow-up. Two additive mixtures were associated with increased T2D risk. The first mixture included higher exposure to modified starches E14xx, pectins E440, guar gum E412, carrageenan E407, and polyphosphates E452 (HRper 1SD increment=1.11 [1.05-1.18]), p &lt; 0.0001). The second mixture comprised citric acid E330, sodium citrates E331, phosphoric acid E338, sulphite ammonia caramel E150d, acesulfame-K E950, aspartame E951, sucralose E955 and arabic gum E414 (HR1SD=1.13 [1.08-1.18]), p &lt; 0.0001).

Interpretation
This large prospective cohort study revealed direct associations between T2D risk and exposure to two food additive mixtures. Molecular epidemiology and experimental studies will be necessary to depict underlying mechanisms and potential cocktail effects.

Key messages
• Consumed together, widely used food additives may contribute to T2D aetiology, shedding light on the detrimental impact of highly processed foods on metabolic health.
• This study highlights positives associations between T2D risk and exposure to two food additive mixtures.
What is driving food insecurity risks in UK households with children?
Authors: Arnold R , Taylor-Robinson D , Hargreaves D , Loopstra R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Food insecurity is a global public health issue, disproportionately affecting households with children in the UK. Despite increased research attention, there remains a gap in understanding why prevalence of food insecurity is higher in this demographic. This study aims to address this gap.

Methods
Utilising data from the 2021/22 and 2022/23 Family Resources Survey, an UK annual cross-sectional survey, we investigate the association between sociodemographic and economic factors, and the risk of food insecurity among households with children. Logistic regression analysis was used, with food security treated as a binary outcome variable. Control variables included receiving means-tested benefits, disabilities in a household, region within the UK, and the ethnicity, highest education level and marital status of the household reference person. A total of 41127 households were included, with 10137 being households with children.

Results
Our preliminary findings reveal stark inequalities, with 12.0% of households with children experiencing food insecurity, compared to 6.4% of households without children (p-value for comparison &lt;0.0001). After adjusting for control variables, the odds of food insecurity among households with children was 1.40 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.54) compared to households without children. Adding equivalised household income after housing costs attenuated the relationship but households with children remained at significantly higher odds of food insecurity (OR: 1.32 (1.20, 1.45)).

Conclusions
This preliminary analysis demonstrates that, after adjusting for control variables and equivalised household income after housing costs, having children in a household is still associated with a higher risk of food insecurity. This underscores the need to understand the mechanisms underlying this relationship further. Such insights are essential for informing targeted policies and interventions aimed at mitigating food insecurity among households with children.

Key messages
• Having children independently increases the risk of food insecurity in households in the UK.
• Moving forward, our aim is to understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between households with children and food insecurity.
Navigating the infodemic through digital health literacy education in schools
Authors: Renninger D , Stauch L , Fischer L , Hartmann A , Rangnow P , Dadaczynski K , Okan O 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
High digital health literacy (DHL) can help to navigate the internet’s vast information landscape. This research explores the impact of learning DHL in schools on students’ DHL, and how it might mitigates confusion surrounding health-related information. Moreover, this research sheds light on how learning DHL in schools influences students’ inclinations towards specific sources of health information.

Methods
1448 secondary school students aged 9-18 years participated in face-to-face interviews. Associations between learning digital health literacy (DHL) and students’ DHL, comprehension of health information, sense of being informed on health topics, and utilization of diverse health information sources were evaluated using the chi-squared test.

Results
The learning of DHL within school settings demonstrated a significant correlation with students’ overall DHL (X2 (6) = 120.99, p &lt; .001). Those reporting high levels of DHL learning exhibited reduced confusion regarding health information (X2 (4) = 16.65, p = .002) and felt notably more informed (X2 (4) = 231.06, p &lt; .001). Contrasted with peers who reported insufficient learning of DHL, students with high learning reported learning more about health from parents (X2 (2) = 55.28, p &lt; .001), peer interactions (X2 (2) = 214.51, p &lt; .001), online sources (X2 (2) = 78.54, p &lt; .001), influencer content (X2 (2) = 68.46, p &lt; .001), offline literature (X2 (2) = 24.32, p &lt; .001), television (X2 (2) = 140.36, p &lt; .001), and in school (X2 (2) = 205.53, p &lt; .001). However, they were less reliant on physicians for health information (X2 (2) = 53.62, p &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Integrating DHL into school curricula holds promise for enhancing students’ DHL and alleviating apprehensions regarding health-related information. Moreover, such educational initiatives have the potential to expand students’ repertoire of resources for accessing health information, encompassing both digital and non-digital sources.
A behavioural perspective on pandemic preparedness
Authors: Euser S , van Dijk M , Dekker R , de Bruin M , Mehra S , Sanders J , Kroese F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Driven by lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, the RIVM Behavioural Unit is working on the preparedness of social and behavioural sciences. This includes establishing and maintaining a stakeholder network and a knowledge base on pandemic preparedness and behaviour. Using the socio-ecological model and the emergency management cycle, we propose a conceptual framework for a behavioural perspective on pandemic preparedness. The multilevel (individual, community, organisational, national and supra-national), time-dependent (cold, acute, recovery phase) structure of the framework can be helpful in explicating who has to do what, when. In addition, to explain and understand what different actors require for those behaviours prior to or during a pandemic, we propose an adapted version of the COM-B model (Michie et al., 2011), including determinants of behaviour related to motivation, capabilities and opportunities. Based on these frameworks, various monitoring tools are developed. Here we present the Pandemic Preparedness and Behaviour (PPb) survey aimed at cold phase monitoring behaviour on an individual level (i.e. hygiene behaviours, social activity, preparedness behaviours) and their determinants. With this survey we will obtain baseline measurements ahead of a possible future pandemic and will have developed the appropriate tools to be used in a hot phase for as much as possible. In addition, results on cold phase determinants can help to identify where communities, organisations and governments can provide support to improve pandemic preparedness. In this presentation, the proposed conceptual framework and the PPb survey will be discussed, together with their relevance for preparedness of the social and behavioural sciences.
2.X.2. Cancer Screening Across the Life Course and Surveillance Bias
Authors:   Organised by: #PopHealthLab University of Fribourg (Switzerland), Western University (Canada), EUPHA-CHR,   Chair persons: Arnaud Chiolero (Switzerland), Saverio Stranges (EUPHA-CHR)
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The proposed workshop organized by the Chronic Disease EPH section will start with an overview of the impact of a life course perspective on cancer prevention and screening strategies, in the context of aging populations and fear of increasing health inequity. It will be followed by three presentations to address issues of cancer screening inequalities, low-value cancer screening, and cancer surveillance bias due to screening.

Key messages
• Due to population aging, the burden of cancer increases and calls for new cancer prevention and screening strategies.
• Cancer screening strategies must be adapted among older adults and designed to prevent inequities.
3.Y.1. Genomics in EU Health Systems: Navigating the Opportunities and Challenges for Personalized Health
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA-PHG, -EPI,   Chair persons: Roberta Pastorino (EUPHA-PHG), Péter Pikó (EUPHA-PHG)
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The rapid advancements in genomics research offer significant promise for revolutionizing healthcare, potentially reshaping how we approach disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. However, unlocking the full potential of genomics requires more than just scientific breakthroughs-it necessitates translating these discoveries into clinical practice. This involves bridging the gap between research and healthcare implementation, addressing challenges such as technical infrastructure, ethical and legal frameworks, healthcare professional competencies, and citizen engagement. As we navigate the evolving landscape of individualized patient care, it becomes increasingly crucial to implement effective risk stratification methodologies and personalized preventive measures. Among these methodologies, polygenic risk scores are gaining prominence. However, the adoption of these innovations necessitates careful consideration of their clinical utility, including their feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability in diverse healthcare settings. Validating these approaches from multiple perspectives is essential to ensure their effectiveness in real-world clinical practice. Integrating genomic sequencing data with health records presents an invaluable resource that can enhance patient outcomes and drive further research. The creation of infrastructures and initiatives such as those carried out by projects like the European Health Data Space and Genomic Data Infrastructure are fundamental to unleash the enormous potential of data-driven innovation. To date, the implementation of genomics in medical practice varies across European countries, with discrepancies in adoption levels across different aspects of healthcare, including prevention, diagnosis, and personalized treatment. Addressing these disparities and promoting standardized approaches to genomic medicine implementation are crucial steps toward ensuring equitable access and maximizing the benefits of genomics for all individuals across Europe. This workshop aims to provide decision-makers, healthcare professionals and researchers with a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art for the adoption of personalized approaches, and of the maturity of genomic medicine practices within different healthcare systems as well outlining the benefits of data accessibility for research. The speakers are coordinators and partners of EU projects as B1MG (Beyond One Million Genomes), Prophet (A PeRsOnalized Prevention roadmap for the future Healthcare), EHDS (European Health Data Space), GDI (European Genomic Data Infrastructure), GoE (Genome of Europe) and CanHeal.

Key messages
• Genomics has the potential to improve health outcomes.
• Equal access to genomic medicine critical for personalized health. Ensuring equity, while considering feasibility.
Risk communication with migrants: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic experience in Malmö
Authors: Svensson P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many migrants faced challenges in accessing, comprehending and implementing information, leading to mis- and disinformation and distrust. The pandemic underscored the importance of effective risk communication (RC) and community engagement (CE) that reaches all segments of society, both for managing health effects and preventing the reinforcement of discrimination and stigmatization. This study aims to describe the experience of RCCE targeting migrants in Malmö, Sweden, from an expert perspective. Further, to gain an in-depth understanding of the requirements for inclusive RCCE actions and to identify alternative or complementary strategies based on good local practices.

Methods
Individual interviews were conducted with experts representing civil society and public authorities who were purposely sampled based on their engagement with RCCE targeting migrants. The interview guide was based on a review of international guidelines addressing aspects of RCCE, and analysed with content analysis.

Results
Three key organisations working towards undocumented migrants; unaccompanied minors; and newly arrived refugees, respectively, were included. Findings are synthesized into three key insights: a) RC through trusted sources in safe spaces; b) Understanding migrant living conditions c) Promoting intersectoral collaboration and feedback loops. Experts underscored the importance of cultivating sustainable and relationships with migrant communities to effectively communicate, aiding in compliance and counter distrust. The significance of intersectoral collaboration and communication pathways was highlighted for assessing migrant specific needs and designing appropriate interventions.

Conclusions
Long-term trusting relationship facilitate RC. Embedding sustainability within intersectoral collaboration structures is imperative to facilitate swift mobilization during health crises, foster resilience, and counter health inequities.