bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unexpected A·T(WC)↔A·T(rWC)/A·T(rH) and A·T(H)↔A·T(rH)/A·T(rWC) conformational transitions between the classical A·T DNA base pairs: A QM/QTAIM comprehensive study
Authors: Brovarets' Ol'ha O. , Tsiupa Kostiantyn S. , Hovorun Dmytro M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, using QM/QTAIM calculations in the continuum withε = 1 under normal conditions, we have revealed for the first time the nondissociative A·T(WC)↔A·T(rWC)/A·T(rH) and A·T(H)↔A·T(rH)/A·T(rWC) conformational transitions. It was established that they proceedviathe essentially nonplanar transition states (С1symmetry) through the intermediates, which are wobbled conformers (С1symmetry) theoretically predicted in our previous work (Brovarets’ et al.,Frontiers in Chemistry, 2018, 6:8, 10.3389/fchem.2018.00008) of the classical А·Т DNA base pairs—Watson–Crick А·Т(WC), reverse Watson–Crick А·Т(rWC), Hoogsteen А·Т(Н) and reverse Hoogsteen А·Т(rН). At this, the A·T(H)↔A·T(rWC) and A·T(WC)↔A·T(rH) conformational transformations are controlled by the transition states (TSs) stabilized by the participation of the intermolecular (T)N3H···N6(A) H‐bond (∼3.70 kcal·mol−1) between the imino group N3H of T and pyramidilized amino group N6H2of A. Gibbs free energies of activation for these processes consist 12.22 and 11.11 kcal·mol−1, accordingly, under normal conditions. TSs, which control the A·T(WC)↔A·T(rWC) and A·T(H)↔A·T(rH) conformational transitions are stabilized by the participation of the intermolecular (T)N3H···N6(A) H‐bond (5.82 kcal·mol−1) and bifurcating intermolecular (T)N3H···N6(A) (5.00) and (T)N3H···N7(A) (0.61 kcal·mol−1) H‐bonds, accordingly. Notably, in these two TSs amino group N6H2of A is significantly pyramidilized; Gibbs free energies of activation for these reactions are 19.07 and 19.71 kcal·mol−1, accordingly.
Dengue hemophagocytic syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis on epidemiology, clinical signs, outcomes, and risk factors
Authors: Giang Hoang Thi Nam , Banno Keita , Minh Le Huu Nhat , Trinh Lam Tuyet , Loc Le Thai , Eltobgy Asmaa , Tai Luu Lam Thang , Khan Adnan , Tuan Nguyen Hoang , Reda Yaser , Samsom Maryan , Nam Nguyen Tran , Huy Nguyen Tien , Hirayama Kenji 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe systematically searched and meta‐analyzed the epidemiological characteristics, frequency of clinical signs, and outcomes of dengue‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Ten electronic databases were searched systematically plus manual search of reference lists to identify relevant articles published until May 2017. The highest number of reported cases were from South‐East Asia region (62 cases), followed by Western Pacific region (20 cases), and America (31 cases). The term “dengue hemorrhagic fever” predominated in studies that used the World Health Organization 1997 definition (59.7%), whereas “severe dengue” predominated in studies using the World Health Organization 2009 definition (76.8%).Among 122 cases, fever, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and serum ferritin ≥500 μg/L were likely to report by articles representing by large sample size. The pooled proportion of these findings were as follows: fever 97.2%, hepatomegaly 70.2%, splenomegaly 78.4%, thrombocytopenia 90.1%, anemia 76.0%, and serum ferritin ≥500 μg/L 97.1%.This study highlighted a high case fatality rate (14.6%) and co‐infection among dengue hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patients. We suggest that long fever duration, persistent thrombocytopenia, elevated serum ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels could be good diagnostic indicators for dengue‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Bone marrow aspiration could be used as one criterion for diagnosis but is not obligatory. Further research is needed to examine the possible risk difference for development of hemophagocytic syndrome and to explore potential relationships between specific dengue classifications and dengue‐associated hemophagocytic syndrome.
Semiglobal state synchronization for continuous‐ or discrete‐time multiagent systems subject to actuator saturation
Authors: Zhang Meirong , Saberi Ali , Stoorvogel Anton A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis paper studies the semiglobal state synchronization of homogeneous networks with diffusive full‐state coupling or partial‐state coupling in the presence of input saturation. Both continuous‐ and discrete‐time agents are considered. We assume that agents are, at most, critically unstable, that is, the agents either have all its eigenvalues in the closed left‐half complex plane for continuous‐time systems or have all its eigenvalues in the closed unit disc for discrete‐time systems. The communication network is associated with a graph containing a directed spanning tree. In this paper, we propose a linear static protocol for multiagent systems with full‐state coupling and a linear dynamic protocol for multiagent systems with partial‐state coupling based on a low‐gain methodology, such that state synchronization is achieved among agents for any initial conditions in an a priori given compact set.
Regulation of cytoplasmic RNA stability: Lessons from Drosophila
Authors: Towler Benjamin P. , Newbury Sarah F. 
Published: August 2018

The process of RNA degradation is a critical level of regulation contributing to the control of gene expression. In the last two decades a number of studies have shown the specific and targeted nature of RNA decay and its importance in maintaining homeostasis. The key players within the pathways of RNA decay are well conserved with their mutation or disruption resulting in distinct phenotypes as well as human disease. Model organisms including Drosophila melanogaster have played a substantial role in elucidating the mechanisms conferring control over RNA stability. A particular advantage of this model organism is that the functions of ribonucleases can be assessed in the context of natural cells within tissues in addition to individual immortalized cells in culture. Drosophila RNA stability research has demonstrated how the cytoplasmic decay machines, such as the exosome, Dis3L2 and Xrn1, are responsible for regulating specific processes including apoptosis, proliferation, wound healing and fertility. The work discussed here has begun to identify specific mRNA transcripts that appear sensitive to specific decay pathways representing mechanisms through which the ribonucleases control mRNA stability. Drosophila research has also contributed to our knowledge of how specific RNAs are targeted to the ribonucleases including AU rich elements, miRNA targeting and 3′ tailing. Increased understanding of these mechanisms is critical to elucidating the control elicited by the cytoplasmic ribonucleases which is relevant to human disease.This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in bronchial asthma
Authors: Michalik Marta , Wójcik-Pszczoła Katarzyna , Paw Milena , Wnuk Dawid , Koczurkiewicz Paulina , Sanak Marek , Pękala Elżbieta , Madeja Zbigniew 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which bronchial wall remodelling plays a significant role. This phenomenon is related to enhanced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells, elevated extracellular matrix protein secretion and an increased number of myofibroblasts. Phenotypic fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition represents one of the primary mechanisms by which myofibroblasts arise in fibrotic lung tissue. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition requires a combination of several types of factors, the most important of which are divided into humoural and mechanical factors, as well as certain extracellular matrix proteins. Despite intensive research on the nature of this process, its underlying mechanisms during bronchial airway wall remodelling in asthma are not yet fully clarified. This review focuses on what is known about the nature of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in asthma. We aim to consider possible mechanisms and conditions that may play an important role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition but have not yet been discussed in this context. Recent studies have shown that some inherent and previously undescribed features of fibroblasts can also play a significant role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. Differences observed between asthmatic and non-asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts (e.g., response to transforming growth factor β, cell shape, elasticity, and protein expression profile) may have a crucial influence on this phenomenon. An accurate understanding and recognition of all factors affecting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition might provide an opportunity to discover efficient methods of counteracting this phenomenon.
Mass-balance observations and reconstruction for Haxilegen Glacier No.51, eastern Tien Shan, from 1999 to 2015
Authors: ZHANG HUI , LI ZHONGQIN , ZHOU PING , ZHU XIAOFAN , WANG LIN 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTHaxilegen Glacier No.51 (43.731°N, 84.391°E; CN5Y741C0051) is located in the Kuytun river basin, Erenharbirga range, eastern Tien Shan. This study presents the annual mass balance of Haxilegen Glacier No.51 for 7 hydrological years and uses a temperature-index and an accumulation model to reconstruct the annual mass balance from 1999 to 2015. The model is calibrated against annual altitudinal mass-balance measurements and then applied to the period with no measurements. We find an accumulated mass balance of −6.06 ± 0.88 m w.e.a−1 over the period of 16 hydrological years, with an average annual value of −0.32 ± 0.22 m w.e.a−1. The mean glacier-wide annual, summer and winter balances for 1999 to 2015 are −0.37, −0.54 and 0.16 ± 0.22 m w.e.a−1, respectively, with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.95, p < 0.001) between annual balance and summer balance. The calculated mass-balance sensitivity of the glacier to temperature is −0.51 m w.e.a−1 °C−1 and to precipitation is 0.08 m w.e.a−1 for a 10% increase. The sensitivity of seasonal mass balance indicates that temperature during the melt season (May–August) and annual precipitation are the major contributors to mass-balance fluctuation.
Illustrating natural history: images, periodicals, and the making of nineteenth-century scientific communities
Authors: BELKNAP GEOFFREY 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper examines how communities of naturalists in mid-nineteenth-century Britain were formed and solidified around the shared practices of public meetings, the publication and reading of periodicals, and the making and printing of images. By focusing on communities of naturalists and the sites of their communication, this article undermines the distinction between amateur and professional scientific practice. Building on the notion of imagined communities, this paper also shows that in some cases the editors and illustrators utilized imagery to construct a specifically British naturalist community. Following three ‘amateur’ natural-history periodicals (Science Gossip,Midland Naturalistand theJournal of the Quekett Microscopical Club) the article demonstrates how the production and reproduction of natural history in the nineteenth century was contingent on community debate – and that this debate both was highly visual and moved across printed and geographical boundaries. This paper investigates images both for their purported success and for their ascribed value to natural history. Additionally, it considers the debates over their limitations and alleged failures of printing. Altogether, the article argues that investigating the communal practices of observation, writing, drawing and engraving allows for a better understanding of the shared practices of nineteenth-century natural history.
Pointwise Topological Stability
Authors: Koo Namjip , Lee Keonhee , Morales C. A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe decompose the topological stability (in the sense of P. Walters) into the corresponding notion for points. Indeed, we define a topologically stable point of a homeomorphism f as a point x such that for any C0-perturbation g of f there is a continuous semiconjugation defined on the g-orbit closure of x which tends to the identity as g tends to f. We obtain some properties of the topologically stable points, including preservation under conjugacy, vanishing for minimal homeomorphisms on compact manifolds, the fact that topologically stable chain recurrent points belong to the periodic point closure, and that the chain recurrent set coincides with the closure of the periodic points when all points are topologically stable. Next, we show that the topologically stable points of an expansive homeomorphism of a compact manifold are precisely the shadowable ones. Moreover, an expansive homeomorphism of a compact manifold is topologically stable if and only if every point is topologically stable. Afterwards, we prove that a pointwise recurrent homeomorphism of a compact manifold has no topologically stable points. Finally, we prove that every chain transitive homeomorphism with a topologically stable point of a compact manifold has the pseudo-orbit tracing property. Therefore, a chain transitive expansive homeomorphism of a compact manifold is topologically stable if and only if it has a topologically stable point.
Comparing performance of multiple non-invasive genetic capture–recapture methods for abundance estimation: a case study with the Sonoran pronghornAntilocapra americana sonoriensis
Authors: Woodruff Susannah P. , Lukacs Paul M. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDemographic monitoring is required in threatened species management, yet effective and efficient monitoring is challenging for species that are difficult to capture or susceptible to capture stress. One possible monitoring approach for such species is non-invasive genetic sampling with capture–recapture methods (genetic capture–recapture). We evaluated the performance of genetic capture–recapture in a challenging model system, monitoring the threatened Sonoran pronghornAntilocapra americana sonoriensis. In an effort to determine the best (i.e. efficient, accurate, precise, cost-effective) method for abundance estimation, we used simulations to examine the optimal genetic capture–recapture faecal sampling design for this population. We simulated encounter histories for 100–300 individuals, with 0.33–3.33 samples/individual/session, in 1–3 sampling sessions. We explored trade-offs between sample size, number of sessions and multi-session (MARK) versus single-session (capwire) closed capture–recapture abundance estimators, and an accurate and precise estimate. We also compared the cost between the genetic capture–recapture approaches and current aerial monitoring methods. Abundance was biased positively incapwireand negatively inMARK. Bias increased and precision decreased with fewer samples/individual/session. Annual genetic capture–recapture monitoring cost was nearly twice the cost of aerial surveys, although genetic capture–recapture methods provided much higher precision. However at the current estimated abundance (c. 200), the same level of precision achieved with aerial methods can be obtained by collecting 0.75 samples/individual in a single session, for an annual cost saving of > USD 4,000. This approach of comparing estimator performance and cost can easily be applied to other systems and is a useful evaluation for managers to implement prior to designing capture–recapture studies.
Assessing the severity of influenza: a role for longitudinal telephone surveys?
Authors: Pebody R. G. , Boddington N. L. , Green H. K. , Bolotin S. , Charlett A. , Watson J. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring the 2009 influenza pandemic, a rapid assessment of disease severity was a challenge as a significant proportion of cases did not seek medical care; care-seeking behaviour changed and the proportion asymptomatic was unknown. A random-digit-dialling telephone survey was undertaken during the 2011/12 winter season in England and Wales to address the feasibility of answering these questions. A proportional quota sampling strategy was employed based on gender, age group, geographical location, employment status and level of education. Households were recruited pre-season and re-contacted immediately following peak seasonal influenza activity. The pre-peak survey was undertaken in October 2011 with 1061 individuals recruited and the post-peak telephone survey in March 2012. Eight hundred and thirty-four of the 1061 (78.6%) participants were successfully re-contacted. Their demographic characteristics compared well to national census data. In total, 8.4% of participants self-reported an influenza-like illness (ILI) in the previous 2 weeks, with 3.2% conforming to the World Health Organization (WHO) ILI case definition. In total, 29.6% of the cases reported consulting their general practitioner. 54.1% of the 1061 participants agreed to be re-contacted about providing biological samples. A population-based cohort was successfully recruited and followed up. Longitudinal survey methodology provides a practical tool to assess disease severity during future pandemics.
The fall and rise of Group AStreptococcusdiseases
Authors: Barnett T. C. , Bowen A. C. , Carapetis J. R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStreptococcus pyogenes(or Group AStreptococcus, GAS) is a Gram-positive human pathogen responsible for a diverse array of superficial, invasive and immune-related diseases. GAS infections have historically been diseases of poverty and overcrowding, and remain a significant problem in the developing world and in disadvantaged populations within developed countries. With improved living conditions and access to antibiotics, the rates of GAS diseases in developed societies have gradually declined during the 20th century. However, genetic changes in circulating GAS strains and/or changes in host susceptibility to infection can lead to dramatic increases in the rates of specific diseases. No situations exemplify this more than the global upsurge of invasive GAS disease that originated in the 1980s and the regional increases in scarlet fever in north-east Asia and the UK. In each case, increased disease rates have been associated with the emergence of new GAS strains with increased disease-causing capability. Global surveillance for new GAS strains with increased virulence is important and determining why certain populations suddenly become susceptible to circulating strains remains a research priority. Here, we overview the changing epidemiology of GAS infections and the genetic alterations that accompany the emergence of GAS strains with increased capacity to cause disease.
Analyse, que me veux-tu?Interpreting Stravinsky's Memorial to Debussy
Authors: CODE DAVID J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSoon after Debussy's death in March 2018, Stravinsky began work on a memorial, theSymphonies d'instruments à vent(1920). This piece was to become iconic both for music-theoretical reflection on modern approaches to musical time and for musicological archaeologies of Stravinsky's debts to ‘Russian traditions’. Along both avenues, particular emphasis has long been given to the work's closing chorale, initially published separately in the 1920 Debussytombeauissue ofLa Revue musicale.This article argues for a radical reappraisal of theSymphonies, which builds anew on Stephen Walsh's 1996 study of the sketches and shifts the emphasis onto temporal questions long neglected under pitch-focused analysis. Exposing ‘thematic’ concerns of rhythmic and metrical parsing (as distinct from unifying motives or pitch sets), and interpreting Stravinsky'shommagein light of Debussy's famous 1907 definition of music as ‘de couleurs et de temps rythmés’, I ultimately bring fresh metacritical perspective to fundamental questions of analytical method and purpose long entertained (e.g.) by Joseph Kerman, Carl Dahlhaus, Kofi Agawu, and Robert Walser.
Shifts in Precipitation Accumulation Extremes During the Warm Season Over the United States
Authors: Martinez‐Villalobos Cristian , Neelin J. David 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrecipitation accumulations, integrated over precipitation events in hourly data, are examined from 1979 to 2013 over the contiguous United States during the warm season (May–October). As expected from theory, accumulation distributions have a characteristic shape, with an approximate power law decrease with event size followed by an exponential drop at a characteristic cutoff scale sL for each location. This cutoff is a predictor of the highest accumulation percentiles and of a similarly defined daily precipitation cutoff PL. Comparing 1997–2013 and 1979–1995 periods, there are significant regional increases in sL in several regions. This yields distribution changes that are weighted disproportionately toward extreme accumulations. In the Northeast, for example, risk ratio (conditioned on occurrence) for accumulations larger than 109 mm increases by a factor of 2–4 (5th–95th). These changes in risk ratio as a function of size, and connection to underlying theory, have counterparts in the observed daily precipitation trends.
Direct quality control of glycoengineered erythropoietin variants
Authors: Čaval Tomislav , Tian Weihua , Yang Zhang , Clausen Henrik , Heck Albert J. R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecombinant production of glycoprotein therapeutics like erythropoietin (EPO) in mammalian CHO cells rely on the heterogeneous N-glycosylation capacity of the cell. Recently, approaches for engineering the glycosylation capacities of mammalian cells for custom designed glycoforms have been developed. With these opportunities there is an increasing need for fast, sensitive, and global analysis of the glycoproteoform landscape produced to evaluate homogeneity and consistency. Here we use high-resolution native mass spectrometry to measure the glycoproteoform profile of 24 glycoengineered variants of EPO. Based on the unique mass and intensity profiles of each variant, we classify them according to similarities in glycosylation profiles. The classification distinguishes EPO variants with varying levels of glycan branchingand sialylation, which are crucial parameters in biotherapeutic efficacy. We propose that our methods could be of great benefit in the characterization of other glycosylated biopharmaceuticals, ranging from the initial clonal selection to batch-to-batch controls, and the assessment of similarity between biosimilar/biobetter products.
Symmetry regimes for circular photocurrents in monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Quereda Jorge , Ghiasi Talieh S. , You Jhih-Shih , van den Brink Jeroen , van Wees Bart J. , van der Wal Caspar H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides helicity-dependent charge and spin photocurrents can emerge, even without applying any electrical bias, due to circular photogalvanic and photon drag effects. Exploiting such circular photocurrents (CPCs) in devices, however, requires better understanding of their behavior and physical origin. Here, we present symmetry, spectral, and electrical characteristics of CPC from excitonic interband transitions in a MoSe2 monolayer. The dependence on bias and gate voltages reveals two different CPC contributions, dominant at different voltages and with different dependence on illumination wavelength and incidence angles. We theoretically analyze symmetry requirements for effects that can yield CPC and compare these with the observed angular dependence and symmetries that occur for our device geometry. This reveals that the observed CPC effects require a reduced device symmetry, and that effects due to Berry curvature of the electronic states do not give a significant contribution.