bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical estimation, evaluation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity of three different solvent extracts of Croton joufra leaves: A medicinal plant of Assam, India
Authors: Ikbal Abu Md Ashif , Singh Waikhom Somraj , Manna Kuntal , Debnath Bikash , Paul Kishan , Majumder Rima , Rajkhowa Amlanjyoti 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
The ancient medicinal herb known as croton joufra, which originated in northeastern India, is still used today in folk medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring active compounds found in plants that provide various biological activities in humans and animals.

METHODS:
Soxhlet extraction was used to prepare extracts of three different solvents (chloroform, methanol, and 50% ethanol). Total alkaloid and total tannin were calculated using the simple titrimetric method. Folin and Ciocalteu’s colorimetric method was used to estimate the total phenol content. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using three different methods: DPPH free radical scavenging assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, and ABTS radical scavenging assay. Heat-induced bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay was used for evaluating in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro antidiabetic activity was determined by alpha-amylase inhibition assay.

RESULTS:
Among these three solvent extracts, a high amount of yield was found in the hydroalcoholic extract. Based on the qualitative and quantitative tests of plant extracts, it was shown that hydroalcoholic extracts contained a higher amount of alkaloids (162.33 ± 0.96 mg/g of dry extract), phenols (205.30 ± 0.95 mg/g of dry extract of gallic acid equivalent), and tannins (214.50 ± 0.95mg/g of dry extract) compared to chloroform and methanolic extract. Among these three extracts, the hydroalcoholic extract and methanolic extract have better antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities than standard drugs such as ascorbic acid, aspirin, and metformin.

CONCLUSION:
From the results of the experiment, it was concluded that among these three solvent extracts, the hydroalcoholic (50% ethanol) extract contains substantial amounts of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols, and tannins. The hydroalcoholic extract also has promising pharmacological properties. So the hydroalcoholic extract of Croton joufra leaves may be used as a raw material for drug development.
Functional Outcomes of Screw Fixation of the Fracture Head of the Femur: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Kumar Pratyush , Shyam P.M.V.G , Sarkar Manali , Abhishek Kumar , Unnithan Vishnu B. , Kondi Suresh 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Femoral head fractures are uncommon injuries where patient outcomes depend on immediate surgical workup and postoperative rehabilitation. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of patients treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using the screw fixation technique for the fracture head of the femur.

Materials and Methods:
Fourteen patients with femoral head fractures were treated by ORIF using the screw fixation technique in the Department of Orthopedics at a tertiary care hospital in Coimbatore, India for a period of 2 years. They were followed up for a minimum of 1 year to assess postoperative fracture union, postoperative complications, and functional and radiological outcomes by using relevant scoring systems such as Harris Hip Score, Oxford Hip Score, and Thompson-Epstein Hip Score.

Results:
Femoral head fracture patients in the age group of 36 ± 12.5 years (M: F = 1.8:1), classified as per Pipkins and Thompson-Epstein system were operated using the ORIF technique and followed up for 3.3 ± 1.8 years; the mean range of motion at the operated hip joints achieved were flexion 115.5°, extension 24.4°, abduction 35.5°, adduction 26.5°, internal rotation 34.4°, and external rotation 36.6°. Harris’s hip score was excellent in 57%, good in 14%, fair in 7%, and poor in 21% of the subjects. Oxford’s hip scores were satisfactory in 93% of the subjects. Osteoarthritis (28.9%) and avascular necrosis (7.14%) were seen as complications.

Conclusion:
According to our Indian population and cost constraints prevailing, we extrapolate these results obtained to our community population and thereby recommend ORIF of fracture femoral head by the screw fixation technique and postoperative non-weight-bearing protocol as a safe treatment schedule.
Barriers to Inhaler Adherence in Asthmatic Children and Outcome After Intervention
Authors: Pande Vineeta , Narayan Samira , Salunkhe Shradha , Jadhav Renuka , Thakur Mrinali , Mane Shailaja 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Poorly controlled asthma in children is often a consequence of non-compliance with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy. Several factors contribute to this non-compliance, including parental, social, and cultural prejudices and other factors.

Objective:
To study the barriers to adherence to inhaler therapy and the effect of intervention in children with poor adherence to inhaler therapy.

Methodology:
The prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra after obtaining permission from the institutional ethics committee and written informed consent/assent. Sixty children aged 5–12 years with persistent asthma were enrolled and evaluated clinically by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). They were initiated on inhaler therapy, provided with asthma education and guidance, followed up with dose counting, and had repeated PEFR recordings to assess adherence and identify adverse factors affecting them.

Results:
Socio-demographic profiles revealed that three-fifths of asthmatic children belonged to middle socio-economic status, 81% were from nuclear families, and 70% reported unhygienic surroundings and poor quality of life. Analysis of barriers to adherence showed that perceptions of asthma as episodic, fear of side effects, media propaganda against inhalers, social stigma, complex treatment schedules, and forgetfulness were among the major impediments. The intervention program significantly improved adherence rates, with mean adherence increasing from 33.66% to 81.66%. The majority of participants transitioned from poor adherence to either fully or partially adherent categories, highlighting the effectiveness of the intervention.

Conclusion:
Daily ICS inhalers are highly effective in managing asthma symptoms and preventing exacerbations, but adherence remains a challenge. Personalized intervention programs focusing on asthma education and counseling can effectively overcome socio-familial barriers and improve adherence, thereby enhancing clinical outcomes.
A Prevalence-Based Study to Estimate Cost of Illness of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: Kumar Satish , Kumar Ankit , Menon A. S. , Patrikar Seema , Gaikwad Someshwar , Singh S. K. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive inflammatory condition with high cost of management and significant impact on the patient and healthcare system. Hence, there is a need to estimate and analyze the economic impact of RA.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional prospective follow-up single-center study at a tertiary care hospital conducted over a period of 02 years and 06 months from September 2019 to February 2022 after ethical committee clearance.

Results:
A total of 189 RA patients were included after excluding 15 patients. The male-to-female ratio was 0.687. The mean age of the study population was 44.74 ± 5.2 years. The mean yearly average cost of management of RA was Rs 29155.1 ± 18234.1, of which 49.6% was direct medical, 19.4% was direct non-medical, and 31% was indirect costs. Of average direct medical costs, cost toward non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was 3.1%; conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) was 36.3%; and laboratory, radiology investigations, and consultations was 6.4%, 1.48%, and 12.3%, respectively. Factors, such as longer duration of treatment, use of biologic DMARDs, loss of productive workdays, extraarticular manifestations, and management of complications, were associated with higher cost of treatment of RA.

Conclusions:
This study quantifies the economic burden of the RA by measuring costs incurred toward all aspects of the patient’s life including the indirect costs due to loss of workdays. The knowledge of cost will help in financial management by patients and healthcare providers.
Mycosis Fungoides: Histopathology and T Cell Receptor Gene Rearrangements in Indian Patients
Authors: Umarji Seema A. , Tirumalae Rajalakshmi , Prabhu Jyothi S. , Aiyappa-Maudsley Radhika 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the commonest cutaneous T cell lymphoma. MF presents in three stages the patch, plaque, and tumor. The distinction of patch-stage MF from inflammatory dermatoses is a diagnostic challenge.

Need for the Study:
MF shows T cell receptor gamma and beta gene rearrangements (TCRG and TCRB), detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data about the clonality of infiltrates in our population and their utility in diagnosis is lacking.

Materials and Methods:
Skin biopsies from 50 patients with mycosis fungoides from January 2007 to July 2015 were studied for microscopic features. TCR gamma and beta gene rearrangement assays were performed on 14 patients where formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) was available. DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method. PCR was performed using primers from Invivoscribe Identiclone assay. Clonality was analyzed using Agarose gel electrophoresis.

Results:
Of the 50 cases, 37 were patch, nine were plaque, and four were tumor stage. All cases showed disproportionate lymphocyte epidermotropism, 38 showed lymphocyte atypia, and 33 showed adnexotropism (11 eccrotropism and 22 folliculotropism). Clonality was assessed in 14 cases. Of these, 3/9 patch stages were monoclonal (1/3 monoclonal for beta, and 2/3 monoclonal for gamma and beta). 3/3 plaque stage MF was monoclonal (1/3 for gamma, 2/3 for both), and 1/2 tumor stage MF was monoclonal for gamma and beta receptors.

Conclusion:
The patch stage was the most common presentation. TCR gene rearrangements were noted in 50% of MF, with TCR gamma rearrangements being more common. Plaque and tumor stages yielded higher positive rates.
Epidemiological Profile and Correlates for Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction among Patients Attending a Tertiary Health Facility in India
Authors: Yadav Bijay P. , Kushwaha Poonam 
Published: November 2024

Background:
There is an increasing recognition that congestive heart failure (CHF), caused by diastolic dysfunction (DD) (diastolic heart failure), is common and causes significant morbidity and mortality.

Methods:
The institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 119 subjects to determine the epidemiological profile, and regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of clinico-social correlates with the likelihood of developing DD.

Result:
The mean age of subjects was 51.6(±17.7) years. The mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were 130(±18.9) mm Hg and 82.1(±11.1) mm Hg, respectively. Thirty-three (27.7%) subjects were hypertensive. Twelve (10%) were diabetic and experienced heart failure. DD was present in 54 (45.4%) subjects. Age, diabetes, ejection fraction (EF), and interventricular septal thickness in diastole (IVSd) were significant (P < 0.05) correlates of DD. Mean values of age, body mass index (BMI), EF, IVSd, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole (LVPWD) were higher in subjects with DD. Hypertension contributed to 1.63 times greater odds of developing DD.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of DD increased with age among hypertensive and diabetic participants. Preventive strategies directed toward identifying subclinical signs of early stage and aggressive blood pressure and blood sugar control are likely to offer the greatest promise for reducing the incidence of DD.
Platelet Indices: Predicting Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Paul Arijit , Das Soumyadip , Bose Koushik , Karmakar Rupam 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder, characterized by insulin resistance and varying degrees of hyperglycemia, leading to several macrovascular and microvascular complications. In recent years, altered platelet morphology and dysfunctions are reported in patients with T2DM. Platelet indices, namely plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW), can predict altered platelet morphology and dysfunction which leads to microvascular complications, such as retinopathy.

Aims:
This study was aimed at comparing platelet indices in individuals with impaired fasting glucose, T2DM patients, and also in patients with retinopathy; and to determine any association between them.

Study Settings, Design, Material, Methods, and Statistical Analysis:
A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken on 200 patients attending diabetic OPD of our institution over a period of 18 months. The obtained data were analyzed using suitable statistical software.

Results:
We found that mean values of platelet indices (MPV, PCT, PDW) are significantly higher in diabetics (11.73 fl, 0.238%, 17.01 fl) than in persons with impaired fasting glucose (9 fl, 0.195%, 11.23 fl). Moreover, they are significantly higher in patients with retinopathy (12.54 fl, 0.257%, 19.05 fl) than in patients without retinopathy (10.21 fl, 0.205%, 13.29 fl). We also found a positive correlation between platelet indices and HbA1C.

Conclusion:
Platelet indices can easily determine platelet dysfunction and thereby can predict the presence of retinopathy. They may serve as economical and readily available tool in monitoring diabetic patients.
Pengaruh Jus Semangka Dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi
Authors: Umrah Yufriza , Rosjidi Cholik Harun , Balaka Kemal Idris 
Published: November 2024

Hipertensi adalah suatu gangguan pada pembuluh darah dengan suplasi nutrisi dan oksigen yang mengalami hambatan untukmencapai jaringan tubuh, sehingga memicu jantung untuk bekerja keras dalam memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Secara nonfarmakalogi manajemen hipertensi dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai terapi sepertiterapi jus semangka.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh terapi jus semangka dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kulisusu.
Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pra eksperimenone group pre-post test design.Sampel penelitian berjumlah 25 orang yang ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling.Penelitian ini memiliki variabel independent jus semangka, sedangkan variabel dependentnya adalah tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi.
Hasil penelitian yang dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Testyang menunjukan bahwa jus semangka dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi yang ditandai dengan p value < α (0,00<0,05).
Simpulan penelitianadalah jus semangka secara efektif dapat menurunkan tekanan darah penderita hipertensi diWilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kulisusu.Saran penelitian diharapkan Puskesmas Kulisusudapat menjadikan jus semangka sebagai salah satu cara dalam mengontrol dan menurunkan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi.
Obstrucción unilateral del conducto ureterovesical del riñón izquierdo: reporte de caso
Authors: Vivas Pincay Luis Carlos , Taboada Pico Mentor Guillermo 
Published: November 2024

La hidronefrosis es la expansión del sistema colector del riñón, que incluye la pelvis y los cálices renales, causada por un aumento de presión en esa área, lo que resulta en alteraciones morfológicas y funcionales. Se presenta a consulta una paciente canina de raza Cocker, 7 años que responde al nombre de Mara la cual fue atendida en la clínica Veterinaria Pet Service Samanes en la ciudad de Guayaquil, a la consulta presenta dolor abdominal, incontinencia urinaria, inapetencia y apatía. Al examen físico presenta condición corporal 5/3, FC 110 lpm, FR 30 rpm, temperatura corporal 39°C, TLLC 2 segundas, mucosas rosadas, presión arterial 120 – 90mmHg. Se realizan exámenes complementarios, en la ecografía se evidencian alteraciones en el conducto que conecta el riñón izquierdo con la vejiga, causado por una obstrucción de uno de los uréteres dando como resultado una hidronefrosis del riñón izquierdo, se realizó una nefroureterectomía.
Comparação entre as vacinas mundialmente utilizadas para Neisseria meningitidis B: uma visão crítica
Authors: Santos Oliveira Giovanna , Segati Ana Flávia , Izeli Portilho Amanda , De Gaspari Elizabeth 
Published: November 2024

A Neisseria meningitidis é um patógeno que causa grande impacto na saúde pública. O sorogrupo B representa um desafio em relação ao desenvolvimento de vacinas devido à similaridade estrutural de seu polissacarídeo capsular com o ácido polisiálico presente no tecido cerebral humano, que além de apresentar baixa imunogenicidade, pode causar efeitos adversos. Avanços tecnológicos possibilitaram desenvolvimento das vacinas recombinantes Bexsero e Trumenba contra o meningococo B para induzir uma resposta imune segura. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as vacinas Bexsero e Trumenba e especular sobre o impacto de sua introdução no calendário vacinal do Brasil. Consistiu em uma revisão de literatura utilizando artigos coletados de base de dados publicados entre os anos de 1985 a 2023. Após a comparação foi demonstrado que a vacina Bexsero contêm múltiplos antígenos (proteínas recombinantes e antígenos de membrana externa), tendo uma grande abrangência de faixa etária e eficácia em crianças e adolescentes, enquanto a Trumenba utiliza duas variantes de fHbp, sendo indicada para jovens adultos e aplicada em surtos universitários. Após as análises no Reino Unido e sua inclusão em seu programa nacional de imunização, a vacina Bexsero surge como uma alternativa adequada para a inclusão no Programa Nacional de Imunização do Brasil (PNI) por apresentar cobertura mais ampla e melhor eficácia, reduzindo a incidência da doença meningocócica invasiva e suas complicações.
“I THINK TEACHERS MUST SPEAK ONLY ENGLISH”: EXPLORING LECTURERS' PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES AND PRACTICES TO FACILITATE EMI PROVISION IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Gaipov Davronzhon , Tulepova Saule , Bekturova Madina 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the students’ and teachers’ perceptions regarding English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) lecturers’ attributes and practices that facilitate EMI provision at higher education institutions in Kazakhstan. By adopting the “Good-enough-to-teach” model of the EMI lecturer by Lavelle, the research explores the adequacy of qualified EMI lecturers and their practices in delivering EMI classes. The data is derived from surveys administered to 1506 students and 157 teachers. Key findings highlight the importance of lecturers' knowledge of the subject matter and English, sensitivity to students' needs and culture, and the ability to explain concepts in English clearly. These findings have significant implications for implementing and improving EMI programs in Kazakhstani higher education as well as in other non-Anglophone contexts, particularly in understanding the key attributes of qualified EMI lecturers. Specifically, it is believed that the results would help in developing clear guidelines and policies for universities to recruit qualified staff who can effectively achieve the goals and objectives of English-taught educational programs. The study also would raise the awareness of the educational stakeholders regarding the desired qualities of skilled EMI lecturers.
<b>Improving Breast Cancer Diagnosis with AI Mammogram Image Analysis</b>
Authors: Krishna Tiruveedula Gopi , Mahboub Mohamed Abdeldaiem Abdelhadi 
Published: November 2024

Cancer is one of the worst diseases ailing humanity, but there is no known cure. Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of disease. Women aged 20-59 are disproportionately affected by breast cancer; however, death rates can be reduced with proper screening and treatment. Breast cancer detection and classification into cancer and healthy cells is one of the disease's most intractable difficulties. Cancer and healthy cells can be differentiated using AI methods based on their form and other biological features. This study proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled heuristic framework (AI-HF) with the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to identify and classify breast cancer at its earliest stages through machine intelligence techniques (MIT). The proposed method identifies cancer cells by extracting shape and texture-based features and then classifying them using machine learning (ML) classification techniques. Furthermore, this paper uses support vector machines (SVMs) to diagnose cancer based on optimal features taken from images of segmented cells. Experimental results on real data sets show that the suggested method accurately detects and classifies abnormal cells in breast cancer images rate of 98%. Finally, our AI-HF classifier is an efficient model that, in contrast to traditional techniques, can rapidly identify between cancer cells and healthy cells based on attributes extracted from images of the cells.

Received: 9 July 2024 | Revised: 19 August 2024 | Accepted: 11 November 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

Author Contribution Statement
Tiruveedula Gopi Krishna: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Project administration. Mohamed Abdeldaiem Abdelhadi Mahboub: Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Supervision.
Causal associations of ambient particulate matter 10 and Alzheimer’s disease: result from a two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Zehan , He Guodong , Sun Shuo , Feng Yingqing , Huang Yuqing 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) and ambient particulate matter 10 (PM10) have been associated in epidemiological studies. However, the relationship between PM10 and risk of AD has not been proven to be causal. Thus we used two-sample multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine this relationship.Material and methodsGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) for PM10 from UK Biobank, AD from EBI GWAS and IEU OpenGWAS were used for discovery and replication, respectively. Pooled meta-analysis of the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was the main method. Sensitivity analyses included MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode and leave-one-out methods. The multivariable MR model adjusted for education. The MR estimates of causality association were expressed as odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThere were in total 17 and 19 genetic variants associated with PM10 in the discovery and replication steps, respectively. In the univariate MR, pooled meta-analysis of genetically predicted PM10 was associated with a 99% increased risk of AD (95% CI: 1.25, 3.15, p = 0.004) per 1 standard deviation (SD) increment of PM10 by IVW, and in the multivariable MR with pooled meta-analysis, we found that each SD increase in PM10 was associated with a 127% increase in the risk of AD (95% CI: 1.33, 3.86, p = 0.002) after accounting for education levels.ConclusionsIncreased PM10 levels were found to be significantly related to an increased risk of AD. This study provided evidence of genetic prediction of a causal relationship between PM10 and the risk of AD, suggesting that air pollution control may have significant implications for the prevention of AD.