bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volumetric Bioprinting of Complex Living‐Tissue Constructs within Seconds
Authors: Bernal Paulina Nuñez , Delrot Paul , Loterie Damien , Li Yang , Malda Jos , Moser Christophe , Levato Riccardo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiofabrication technologies, including stereolithography and extrusion‐based printing, are revolutionizing the creation of complex engineered tissues. The current paradigm in bioprinting relies on the additive layer‐by‐layer deposition and assembly of repetitive building blocks, typically cell‐laden hydrogel fibers or voxels, single cells, or cellular aggregates. The scalability of these additive manufacturing technologies is limited by their printing velocity, as lengthy biofabrication processes impair cell functionality. Overcoming such limitations, the volumetric bioprinting of clinically relevant sized, anatomically shaped constructs, in a time frame ranging from seconds to tens of seconds is described. An optical‐tomography‐inspired printing approach, based on visible light projection, is developed to generate cell‐laden tissue constructs with high viability (>85%) from gelatin‐based photoresponsive hydrogels. Free‐form architectures, difficult to reproduce with conventional printing, are obtained, including anatomically correct trabecular bone models with embedded angiogenic sprouts and meniscal grafts. The latter undergoes maturation in vitro as the bioprinted chondroprogenitor cells synthesize neo‐fibrocartilage matrix. Moreover, free‐floating structures are generated, as demonstrated by printing functional hydrogel‐based ball‐and‐cage fluidic valves. Volumetric bioprinting permits the creation of geometrically complex, centimeter‐scale constructs at an unprecedented printing velocity, opening new avenues for upscaling the production of hydrogel‐based constructs and for their application in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and soft robotics.
The Future of Cardiovascular Stents: Bioresorbable and Integrated Biosensor Technology
Authors: Hoare Daniel , Bussooa Anubhav , Neale Steven , Mirzai Nosrat , Mercer John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the greatest cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology responsible for two thirds of these deaths. It is the age‐dependent process of “furring of the arteries.” In many scenarios the disease is caused by poor diet, high blood pressure, and genetic risk factors, and is exacerbated by obesity, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle. Current pharmacological anti‐atherosclerotic modalities still fail to control the disease and improvements in clinical interventions are urgently required. Blocked atherosclerotic arteries are routinely treated in hospitals with an expandable metal stent. However, stented vessels are often silently re‐blocked by developing “in‐stent restenosis,” a wound response, in which the vessel's lumen renarrows by excess proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, termed hyperplasia. Herein, the current stent technology and the future of biosensing devices to overcome in‐stent restenosis are reviewed. Second, with advances in nanofabrication, new sensing methods and how researchers are investigating ways to integrate biosensors within stents are highlighted. The future of implantable medical devices in the context of the emerging “Internet of Things” and how this will significantly influence future biosensor technology for future generations are also discussed.
Nordic OCD & Related Disorders Consortium: Rationale, design, and methods
Authors: Mataix‐Cols David , Hansen Bjarne , Mattheisen Manuel , Karlsson Elinor K. , Addington Anjené M. , Boberg Julia , Djurfeldt Diana R. , Halvorsen Matthew , Lichtenstein Paul , Solem Stian , Lindblad‐Toh Kerstin ,   Nordic OCD and Related Disorders Consortium (NORDiC), Haavik Jan , Kvale Gerd , Rück Christian , Crowley James J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, yet its etiology is unknown and treatment outcomes could be improved if biological targets could be identified. Unfortunately, genetic findings for OCD are lagging behind other psychiatric disorders. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand the causal mechanisms implicated in OCD in order to improve clinical outcomes and to reduce morbidity and societal costs. Specifically, there is a need for a large‐scale, etiologically informative genetic study integrating genetic and environmental factors that presumably interact to cause the condition. The Nordic countries provide fertile ground for such a study, given their detailed population registers, national healthcare systems and active specialist clinics for OCD. We thus formed the Nordic OCD and Related Disorders Consortium (NORDiC, www.crowleylab.org/nordic), and with the support of NIMH and the Swedish Research Council, have begun to collect a large, richly phenotyped and genotyped sample of OCD cases. Our specific aims are geared toward answering a number of key questions regarding the biology, etiology, and treatment of OCD. This article describes and discusses the rationale, design, and methodology of NORDiC, including details on clinical measures and planned genomic analyses.
Civic discourse on Facebook during the Australian same‐sex marriage postal plebiscite
Authors: Chen Peter J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn 2017 the Australian Government undertook a national survey to determine public support for the legalisation of same‐sex marriage. This raised concerns the ‘plebiscitary' act may create harms to two groups: LGBTI people and those religious people with strong attachment to heteronormative marriage. Justifying the process, the Government advanced the possibility of civil dialogue generative of understanding. While instances of hate speech in public spaces were reported, this paper examines comparatively private speech during the period. Based on an analysis of posts to relevant Facebook pages, this analysis found opponents to same‐sex marriage were more highly mobilised online, and considerable differences in the character of online debate for and against the proposed changes. Importantly, while uncivil and ‘hate' speech were part of online conversations, the overall quantum of this uncivil discourse was lower than many feared. Additionally, the process did not generate considerable democratic dialogue around policy alternatives and rationales, particularly among ‘Yes' campaign supporters who were more homogenous in their acceptance of dominant campaign framing of the issue than their opponents. Significantly for ongoing public debates about public values like educational access and freedom of expression, opponents to change focused their arguments against same‐sex marriage around a subset of unrelated issues: free speech, religious freedoms, and diversity in public schools.
Photocatalytic properties of CuO/(001)‐TiO2 composites synthesized by the vapor–thermal method
Authors: Sun X.Y. , Zhang X. , Sun X. , Liu C. , Qian N.X. , Rao R. , Wang M. , Ma Y.Q. 
Published: August 2019

Composites of (001)‐face‐exposed TiO2 ((001)‐TiO2) and CuO were synthesized in water vapor environment at 250°C with various Cu/Ti molar ratios (RCu/Ti). The resulting CuO/(001)‐TiO2 composites were characterized using a variety of techniques. The synthesis under high‐temperature vapor allows close contact between CuO and (001)‐TiO2, which results in the formation of heterojunctions, as evidenced by the shift of valence band maximum towards the forbidden band of TiO2. An appropriate ratio of CuO can enhance the absorption of visible light and promote the separation of photogenerated carriers, which improve the photocatalytic performance. The degradation rate constant Kapp increased from 5.5 × 10−2 to 8.1 × 10−2 min−1 for RCu/Ti = 0.5. Additionally, the results showed that superoxide radicals (•O2−) play a major role in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.
Economic model predictive control for the operation optimization of water distribution networks with risks
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zheng Yi , Li Shaoyuan , Zou Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor water distribution networks (WDNs) with risks of insufficient water supply, some users' water demand is affected. Because the operation cost is positively related to the number of users whose water demand cannot be met, making the most of the limited water sources to meet the water demand of as many users as possible is the key to reduce the related cost in the operation optimization. Considering the time‐varying of users' water demand and the dynamic characteristics of WDNs, real‐time dynamic operation optimization of WDNs is required. In this paper, an economic cost function which connects the cost incurred by the risks and the controllable pressure is proposed based on the distribution of users and the corresponding water supply method. An EMPC strategy with the ability to guarantee the closed‐loop stability is adopted for the optimization problem. Performance of the proposed methods is illustrated based on the simulation of the Newtown case at different risk levels. Simulation results show that the extra cost decreases greatly in the situation with risks by applying the proposed pressure‐related economic function and the EMPC strategy.
High potential for reducing folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly, and related stillbirth and child mortality, in Ethiopia
Authors: Dixon Meredith , Kancherla Vijaya , Magana Tony , Mulugeta Afework , Oakley Godfrey P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent surveillance studies in Ethiopia show an epidemic of spina bifida and anencephaly, two major neural tube birth defects that are severe and life‐threatening. Our objective was to estimate proportional reductions in current stillbirth and child mortality rates in Ethiopia through folic acid‐based interventions to prevent spina bifida and anencephaly.MethodsUsing secondary data from multiple sources, we estimated percent reductions in stillbirth, neonatal, infant, and under‐five child mortality rates that would have occurred in Ethiopia in the year 2016 had all folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly been prevented; and the contributions of these reductions toward Ethiopia's Year 2030 Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) goal on stillbirth, and sustainable development goal (SDG) on child mortality rates. The 2016 prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly in Ethiopia was assumed as 13 per 1,000 total births, with the prevention goal reaching 0.5 per 1,000 total births.ResultsFolic acid interventions in Ethiopia would have prevented about 41,610 cases of folic acid‐preventable spina bifida and anencephaly‐affected pregnancies during the year 2016. We estimate that this prevention is associated with reduction of 31,830 stillbirths and 7,335 under‐five child deaths annually. The proportional contribution of this prevention toward achieving Ethiopia's ENAP goal is 54% for stillbirth, and toward SDG is 4.5% for neonatal‐ and 6.8% for under‐five mortality.ConclusionsSpina bifida and anencephaly contribute to substantial stillbirths and child death in Ethiopia. Large‐scale fortification of foods like wheat flour and salt can help achieve Ethiopia's ENAP and SDG targets addressing preventable stillbirth, neonatal, and under‐five mortality.
Whole cell biosynthetic activity of Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) GS115 strains engineered with transgenes encoding Chromobacterium violaceum ω‐transaminase alone or combined with native transketolase
Authors: Henríquez Maria‐José , Braun‐Galleani Stephanie , Nesbeth Darren N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhole cell biocatalysis is an ideal tool for biotransformations that demand enzyme regeneration or robustness to fluctuating pH, osmolarity and biocontaminant load in feedstocks. The methylotrophic yeast Komagataella phaffii is an attractive alternative to Escherichia coli for whole cell biocatalysis due to its genetic tractability and capacity to grow to up to 60% wet cell weight by volume. We sought to exploit high cell density K. phaffii to intensify whole‐cell chiral amino‐alcohol (CAA) biosynthesis. We engineered two novel K. phaffii GS115 strains: one by inserting a Chromobacterium violaceum ω‐transaminase CV2025 transgene, for strain PpTAmCV708, and a second strain, PpTAm‐TK16, by also inserting the same CV2025 transgene plus a second transgene for a native transketolase. At high cell density, both strains tolerated high substrate concentrations. When fed three low cost substrates, 200 mM glycolaldehyde, 200 mM hydroxypyruvate and 150 mM methylbenzylamine, PpTAm‐TK16 whole cells achieved 0.29 g L−1 hr−1 space–time yield of the acetophenone by‐product, a 49‐fold increase of the highest levels reported for E. coli whole cells harboring the equivalent pathway. When fed only the low‐cost substrate, 150 mM methylbenzylamine, strain PpTAmCV708 achieved a 105‐fold increase of reported E. coli whole cell biocatalysis performance, with a space–time yield of 0.62 g L−1 hr−1 of the CAA, 2‐amino‐1,3,4‐butanetriol (ABT). The rapid growth and high biomass characteristics of K. phaffii were successfully exploited for production of ABT by whole‐cell biocatalysis at higher levels than the previously achieved with E. coli in the presence of the same substrates.
Barriers and facilitators to shared decision‐making in child and youth mental health: Exploring young person and parent perspectives using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Hayes Daniel , Edbrooke‐Childs Julian , Town Rosa , Wolpert Miranda , Midgley Nick 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveYoung people and parents want to be more active in treatment decisions. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), which segments behaviour change into barriers and facilitators across fourteen domains, the aim of this study is to explore the barriers and facilitators to shared decision‐making (SDM) from young people and their parents’ perspectives.MethodThe sample comprised nine young people who presented with internalising difficulties and ten parents of young people with internalising difficulties across two sites in England. Interviews were conducted, and transcripts were analysed using a deductive thematic analysis.ResultsOverall, 15 barriers to and facilitators for SDM in child and youth mental health were identified. Under capability, these included an awareness of SDM, forgetting discussions or not asking questions, clinician listening skills and communication skills. For opportunity, these included the availability of treatment options, availability of understandable resources, staff shortages, the environment being conducive to SDM, and if the school, or parents of young people, facilitated decisions. For motivation, these included whether SDM was thought to empower individuals, result in better treatment, or individuals making the ‘wrong’ decision, as well as whether individuals felt capable to be involved in treatment decision‐making, whether young people lacked capacity, and whether they could make decisions due to enhanced emotional states.ConclusionsBarriers and facilitators across capability, opportunity and motivation were identified. Interventions which target these barriers and facilitators may facilitate young people and their parents’ involvement in decision‐making.
Submicron Co9S8/CoS/Carbon Spheres Derived from Bacteria for the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Guo Xingmei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Di , Qian Silu , Tong Xiangzhi , Zhou Dongcheng , Zhang Junhao , Yuan Aihua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSynthesizing non‐noble metal electrocatalysts with both high activity and high stability for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great significance in the fuel cell and metal‐air battery industries. Herein, a facile method is explored to fabricate submicron Co9S8/CoS/C spheres by using Streptococcus thermophiles as a template. The electrocatalytic activity for the ORR with an onset and half‐wave potential of 0.87 and 0.79 V, respectively, vs. RHE approaches that of commercial Pt/C catalyst. The durability and methanol tolerance are better than those of the commercial catalyst. The good performance could be attributed to the coupling effect between Co9S8/CoS and the bio‐carbon substrate, as well as the robust submicron sphere morphology. Benefiting from the structural diversity of bacteria, this method can be extended to the synthesis of sulfide catalysts with other elaborate architectures.
Targeting an EGFR Water Network with 4‐Anilinoquin(az)oline Inhibitors for Chordoma
Authors: Asquith Christopher R. M. , Maffuid Kaitlyn A. , Laitinen Tuomo , Torrice Chad D. , Tizzard Graham J. , Crona Daniel J. , Zuercher William J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractQuinoline‐ and quinazoline‐based kinase inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been used to target non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chordomas with varying amounts of success. We designed and prepared compounds to probe several key structural features including an interaction with Asp855 within the EGFR DGF motif and interactions with the active site water network. EGFR target engagement was then evaluated in a cellular assay, with the inhibitors then profiled in representative cellular models of NSCLC and chordomas. In addition, structure–activity relationship insight into EGFR inhibitor design with potent dimethoxyquin(az)olines identified compounds 1 [N‐(3‐ethynylphenyl)‐6,7‐dimethoxyquinolin‐4‐amine], 4 [N‐(3‐ethynylphenyl)‐6,7‐dimethoxyquinazolin‐4‐amine], and 7 [4‐((3‐ethynylphenyl)amino)‐6,7‐dimethoxyquinoline‐3‐carbonitrile]. We also identified 6,7‐dimethoxy‐N‐(4‐((4‐methylbenzyl)oxy)phenyl)quinolin‐4‐amine (compound 18), which is the most potent inhibitor (IC50=310 nm) of the UCH‐2 chordoma cell line to date.
Localization of area prostriata and its connections with primary visual cortex in rodent
Authors: Lu Weiye , Chen Shengqiang , Chen Xiexian , Hu Jinmeng , Xuan Aiguo , Ding Song‐Lin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractArea prostriata (Pro) has been found to play important roles in the rapid processing of moving stimuli in the far peripheral visual field. However, the specific neural substrates responsible for these functions remain unknown. In this study, we first examined the location, extent, and topography of the rodent equivalent of the primate Pro based on cytoarchitecture and molecular markers. We then identified its intimate connections with the primary visual cortex (V1) using retrograde and anterograde tracers. Our main finding is that medial V1, which receives peripheral visual information, has strong reciprocal connections with the Pro in both rat and mouse while lateral V1 has significantly fewer such connections. The direct V1 inputs to the Pro provide at least one of the shortest pathways for visual information to reach the Pro, and may be crucial to the fast processing of unexpected stimuli in the peripheral visual field.
Oral status and aesthetics after nonsurgical periodontal treatment: Do patient's perception and dentist's evaluation agree?
Authors: Kaufmann Manuela Elena , Hofer Deborah , Wiedemeier Daniel B. , Attin Thomas , Schmidlin Patrick R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesPeriodontal healing is often accompanied by side effects, which may cause an aesthetic deficit. The present investigation was focussed to compare patient's subjective perception of their posttherapy aesthetics with the objective measures of the results.Materials and methodsSurvey results from patients (subjective parameters) on oral status and aesthetics were compared against routine clinical parameters and corresponding survey results from treating dentists (objective parameters), both before and after periodontal treatment. Subjective outcome parameters were then suitably transformed and compared with the objective ones to investigate the agreement between patients' perception and actual outcomes.ResultsObjective recordings of periodontal status by the dentist and subjective awareness of the patient are quite contradictory to each other for almost all participants. Further, it was found that their aesthetics in the front were better after treatment, but dentist professionals targeted for future treatment needs.ConclusionsIn this study, it was found that patients improved aesthetically on the upper jaw front after the therapy, which was not shared by the dentists. This discrepancy was due to the clinicians' view on more aesthetic corrective procedures than on patients' need.
Exploring the contribution of exercise dependence to eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Brosof Leigh C. , Williams Brenna M. , Levinson Cheri A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveExercise dependence is a set of cognitive and behavioral symptoms that constitute a reliance on exercise and is related to eating disorder (ED) symptoms. There are seven components of exercise dependence: tolerance, withdrawal, continuance, lack of control, reduction in other activities, time, and intention effects. Exercising in response to negative affect (NA) is a key feature of dysfunctional exercise in the EDs. However, it is unknown which specific components of exercise dependence relate to ED symptoms, above and beyond NA.MethodThe current study (N = 168 individuals with EDs) investigated which components of exercise dependence relate to ED symptoms both cross‐sectionally and prospectively.ResultsIn cross‐sectional data, we found that withdrawal, tolerance, and time were associated with ED symptoms, above and beyond NA. Prospectively over 1 month, when adjusting for baseline ED symptoms and NA, we found that lack of control, withdrawal, and time positively predicted ED symptoms.DiscussionThese findings inform future research on how exercise dependence relates to ED symptoms, showing that withdrawal and time are uniquely associated with ED symptoms both cross‐sectionally and over time.