bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disc haemorrhages in Polish Caucasian patients with normal tension glaucoma
Authors: Kosior‐Jarecka Ewa , Wróbel‐Dudzińska Dominika , Łukasik Urszula , Żarnowski Tomasz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this observational study was to evaluate the epidemiology of disc haemorrhages (DH) in Polish patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and their association with some risk factors.Material and methodsThe group studied consisted of 274 Caucasian patients with NTG (410 eyes) divided into those with disk haemorrhages (DH+, = 94 eyes in 81 patients) and those without disc haemorrhages (DH−, = 316 eyes in 193 patients). Ophthalmic examinations with visual field (VF) testing were carried out in these patients every 3 months for at least 18 months. The medical history was recorded taking glaucoma, other ophthalmic diseases, chronic general disorders and vascular risk factors into account.ResultsUnilateral and bilateral DH were observed more frequently in women (p = 0.0010). Maximum IOP was significantly higher in the DH+ group (p = 0.000026). Notches and peripapillary atrophy were found with similar frequency in DH+ and DH− patients (p = 0.4631). The mean defect (MD) in the VF at the time of diagnosis was lower in the DH+ group (−6.27 dB) than in the DH group (−10.14 dB), (p = 0.000055). The initial MD in the DH+ group had a positive correlation with maximum initial IOP. A progressive loss of VF was observed in 206 eyes with NTG (50.2%), with a mean of 0.72 dB/year. The progression was more frequent in DH+ patients (78.4% versus 41.1%), but there were no statistically significant differences in the rate of progression between DH+ and DH− patients (p = 0.46). The morphology of early scotoma depended on the presence of DH (p < 0.00001), and early scotoma in the DH+ group was more frequently localized paracentrally. There was a significant difference in a number of antiglaucoma drops between DH+ and DH− patients (p < 0.00001). There were no differences in the frequency of migraines between both groups (p = 0.31). General hypotension was observed with similar frequency in the DH+ DH− groups (p = 0.3). General hypertension was less frequent in DH+ patients (p = 0.041), especially in women (p = 0.000027). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was significantly less frequent (21.3%) in patients with DH+ (3.7%) than in the DH− group (p = 0.000852), especially among the women (p = 0.000216).ConclusionIn our study, DH were more frequent both unilaterally and bilaterally in women. Initial intraocular pressure (IOP) was higher in NTG patients with DH, and early scotoma was localized in the paracentral area of the VF. Disc haemorrhages (DH) were less frequent in women with general hypertension and with diabetes mellitus.
Short and long‐term effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease: results from the ENEIDA registry
Authors: Chaparro María , Garre Ana , Ricart Elena , Iborra Marisa , Mesonero Francisco , Vera Isabel , Riestra Sabino , García‐Sánchez Valle , Luisa De Castro M. , Martin‐Cardona Albert , Aldeguer Xavier , Mínguez Miguel , de‐Acosta Manuel Barreiro , Rivero Montserrat , Muñoz Fernando , Andreu Montserrat , Bargalló Ana , González‐Muñoza Carlos , Pérez Calle Jose L. , García‐Sepulcre Mariana Fe , Bermejo Fernando , Huguet Jose Maria , Cabriada José L. , Gutiérrez Ana , Mañosa Míriam , Villoria Albert , Carbajo Ana Y. , Lorente Rufo , García‐López Santiago , Piqueras Marta , Hinojosa Esther , Arajol Clàudia , Sicilia Beatriz , Conesa Ana Macho , Sainz Empar , Almela Pedro , Llaó Jordina , Roncero Oscar , Camo Patricia , Taxonera Carlos , Domselaar Manuel Van , Pajares Ramón , Legido Jesús , Madrigal Rosa , Lucendo Alfredo J. , Alcaín Guillermo , Doménech Eugeni , Gisbert Javier P. ,   GETECCU study group
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundEffectiveness of vedolizumab in real world clinical practice is unknown.AimTo evaluate the short and long‐term effectiveness of vedolizumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsPatients who received at least 1 induction dose of vedolizumab were included. Effectiveness was defined based on Harvey‐Bradshaw index (HBI) in Crohn's disease (CD) and Partial Mayo Score (PMS) in ulcerative colitis (UC). Short‐term response was assessed at week 14. Variables associated with short‐term remission were identified by logistic regression analysis. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to evaluate the long‐term durability of vedolizumab treatment. Cox model was used to identify factors associated with discontinuation of treatment and loss of response.Results521 patients were included (median follow‐up 10 months [interquartile range 5‐18 months]). At week 14, 46.8% had remission and 15.7% clinical response. CD (vs UC), previous surgery, higher CRP concentration and disease severity at baseline were significantly associated with impaired response. The rate of vedolizumab discontinuation was 37% per patient‐year of follow‐up (27.6% in UC and 45.3% in CD, P < 0.01). CD (vs UC), anaemia at baseline, steroids during induction and CRP concentration were associated with lower durability of treatment. Seven per cent of patients developed adverse events, infections being the most frequent.ConclusionsOver 60% of IBD patients respond to vedolizumab. Many patients discontinue treatment over time. CD and disease burden impair both short‐ and long‐term response. Vedolizumab seems to be safe in clinical practice.
Investigating the factors that influence higher education instructors’ decisions to adopt a flipped classroom instructional model
Authors: Long Taotao , Cummins John , Waugh Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe flipped classroom is an instructional model which allows for more advanced learning activities during in‐class time while introduces subject knowledge to students prior to class. To address a gap in the recent research regarding higher education instructors’ experiences, perceptions and adoption decisions of the flipped classroom instruction, this study aimed at investigating the critical factors which were predictive of a higher education instructor’s decision to adopt a flipped classroom instructional model through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multiple regression in a US university. The results revealed that performance expectancy and technology self‐efficacy were significant predictors. Although facilitation condition was significantly correlated with instructors’ adoption decisions, it was not a significant predictor. This study suggests that in order to improve higher education instructors’ adoption decisions of the flipped classroom and other active learning instructional models, it is of priority for institutions to remove the internal barriers to instructors’ adoption decisions of these instructional models, such as improving their performance expectancy and technology self‐efficacy.
Effect of blue‐light cystoscopy on contemporary performance of urine cytology
Authors: Freifeld Yuval , Lotan Yair 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of urine cytology based on contemporary data, including the effect of enhanced cystoscopic techniques.Materials and MethodsIndividual patient data were obtained from three prospective studies: the Photocure (PC) B305 and the PC B308 studies, evaluating the use of blue‐light cystoscopy with hexaminolevulinate (BLC‐H), and the Cxbladder monitoring study, evaluating the Cxbladder monitor test for the detection of recurrent urothelial carcinoma. The specificity and sensitivity of cytology in each study and for the overall cohort were calculated.ResultsA total of 1 487 urine samples from 1 375 patients were included in the analysis; overall 615 tumours were detected correlating to 41% of the cytological specimens. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for cytology were 40.8% and 92.8%, respectively. The pooled sensitivity was 11.4% for low‐grade/World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 disease and 54.3% for high‐grade/WHO grade 3 disease. There were no differences in cytology sensitivity based on the type of cystoscopy used, with sensitivity of 41.3% and 40.4% in white‐light cystoscopy (WLC) and BLC‐H, respectively. Subgroup analysis including carcinoma in situ ( CIS) showed a trend towards lower cytology sensitivity in BLC‐H (54.5%) vs WLC (69.2%).ConclusionsBased on analysis of contemporary data, the sensitivity of cytology for detecting high‐grade tumours and CIS remains low. On a per‐patient analysis, cytology sensitivity was not affected by the use of advanced cystoscopic techniques except in patients with CIS. The use of cytology as the main adjunct to cystoscopy in patients at high risk can lead to missed opportunities for early detection of recurrence and for determining which patients are not responding to intravesical therapies such as bacille Calmette‐Guérin.
WHAT AFFECTS EFFICIENCY IN LABOUR MARKET MATCHING AT DIFFERENT TERRITORIAL AGGREGATION LEVELS IN POLAND?
Authors: Antczak Elżbieta , Gałecka‐Burdziak Ewa , Pater Robert 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe analyse efficiency of a labour market matching process at different levels of territorial aggregation and in different time horizons. We apply a stochastic matching frontier to random, job queuing and stock‐flow models. We use data for Poland, a country with highly regionally diversified unemployment. We find that search and matching mechanisms significantly differ with territorial aggregation. Higher efficiency in small regions results from lower frictions. Larger regions enjoy better structural matching if only labour market participants have time to search. Different policy measures should be designed to improve labour market matching efficiency at different regional levels.
Human rights violations as humanist performance: Dehumanizing criminalized refugee youth in Canada
Authors: Francis Jenny 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper explores the dehumanization of criminalized refugee youth. The concept of “institutional humanism” is used to explicate how the ideology of humanism is deployed through the denial of rights to dehumanize, objectify, and animalize racialized and criminalized refugee youth in Canada, setting them in opposition to mainstream whites who are deemed normal, rational, and autonomous—in essence, human. Drawing on qualitative interviews with criminalized refugee youth and professional adults who work with them, the paper shows how institutional policy regulates inclusion in the human community by specifying who may be denied human rights. The interview data are set within the web of theoretical relationships among humanism, posthumanism, animalization, institutional policy, and categorizations based on race, gender, class, ability, age, and immigration status. The paper demonstrates how these theoretical nodes attain bolder relief when operationalized using a theory of performativity. In contrast to conventional analyses of dehumanization, rather than arguing for an extension of liberal humanism, the paper seeks a transformation away from humanism.
Genome‐wide association study identifies gastric cancer susceptibility loci at 12q24.11‐12 and 20q11.21
Authors: Tanikawa Chizu , Kamatani Yoichiro , Toyoshima Osamu , Sakamoto Hiromi , Ito Hidemi , Takahashi Atsushi , Momozawa Yukihide , Hirata Makoto , Fuse Nobuo , Takai‐Igarashi Takako , Shimizu Atsushi , Sasaki Makoto , Yamaji Taiki , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro , Naito Mariko , Hishida Asahi , Wakai Kenji , Furusyo Norihiro , Murakami Yoshinori , Nakamura Yusuke , Imoto Issei , Inazawa Johji , Oze Isao , Sato Naomi , Tanioka Fumihiko , Sugimura Haruhiko , Hirose Hiroshi , Yoshida Teruhiko , Matsuo Keitaro , Kubo Michiaki , Matsuda Koichi 
Published: October 2018

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer mortality in Japan and worldwide. Although previous studies identify various genetic variations associated with gastric cancer, host genetic factors are largely unidentified. To identify novel gastric cancer loci in the Japanese population, herein, we carried out a large‐scale genome‐wide association study using 6171 cases and 27 178 controls followed by three replication analyses. Analysis using a total of 11 507 cases and 38 904 controls identified two novel loci on 12q24.11‐12 (rs6490061, P = 3.20 × 10−8 with an odds ratio [OR] of 0.905) and 20q11.21 (rs2376549, P = 8.11 × 10−10 with an OR of 1.109). rs6490061 is located at intron 19 of the CUX2 gene, and its expression was suppressed by Helicobacter pylori infection. rs2376549 is included within the gene cluster of DEFB families that encode antibacterial peptides. We also found a significant association of rs7849280 in the ABO gene locus on 9q34.2 (P = 2.64 × 10−13 with an OR of 1.148). CUX2 and ABO expression in gastric mucosal tissues was significantly associated with rs6490061 and rs7849280 (P = 0.0153 and 8.00 × 10−11), respectively. Our findings show the crucial roles of genetic variations in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
Impact of route of administration on genotoxic oestrogens concentrations using oral vs transdermal oestradiol in girls with Turner syndrome
Authors: Mauras Nelly , Torres‐Santiago Lournaris , Santen Richard , Mericq Veronica , Ross Judith , Colon‐Otero Gerardo , Damaso Ligeia , Hossain Jobayer , Wang Qingqing , Mesaros Clementina , Blair Ian A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe established link between oestrogen and breast cancer occurs via both oestrogen receptor (ER)‐mediated and non ER‐mediated mechanisms. The term genotoxic estrogens describes mutagenic metabolites, including oestrogen catechols and quinones, which have been linked to breast carcinogenesis in post‐menopausal women. We aimed to assess whether the route of administration of 17β oestradiol (E2) affects the accumulation of genotoxic oestrogen metabolites in a model of ovarian failure in young girls with Turner syndrome.MethodsStored plasma samples obtained at 0 and 12 months were used from 40 adolescents with Turner syndrome who participated in a 12 months randomized controlled trial of the metabolic impact of E2 orally (2 mg/d) vs transdermally (100 µg/d); dose escalation allowed matching of unconjugated E2 levels in the parent study. We measured 12 oestrogen metabolites (total concentrations = conjugated and unconjugated) using a highly sensitive LCMSMS assay. Results from 48 normally menstruating adolescents were used for comparison.ResultsAfter treatment, least square mean (SE) total E2 concentrations were higher in the oral vs transdermal group (6784 pmol/L vs 1123 [1614], P < 0.0001), as was oestrone (E1) (91 060 pmol/L vs 19 278 [16 534], P < 0.0001). Also, higher after oral treatment were catechol‐oestrogens 4‐hydroxy‐E2 (149 vs 28 [±49] pmol/L), 2‐hydroxy‐E2 (300 vs 76 [±52]), 4‐hydroxy‐E1 (450 vs 105 [±113]), 2‐hydroxy‐E1 (3094 vs 740 [±684]) and 16α‐hydroxy‐E1 (3,007 vs 157 [±534]) (<0.001 between groups). Levels were much closer to controls in the transdermal group.ConclusionsCommon feminizing doses of oral oestradiol for 12 months result in substantial accumulation of unphysiologic, genotoxic oestrogens compared to transdermal oestradiol, expanding concerns about oral oestrogens’ first hepatic passage. Further studies assessing long‐term risks of these metabolites in women taking different forms of oestrogen are needed.
Phenotypic heterogeneity of astrocytes in motor neuron disease
Authors: Trias Emiliano , Barbeito Luis , Yamanaka Koji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidence has shown that astrocytes do not just support the function of neurons, but play key roles in maintaining the brain environment in health and disease. Contrary to the traditional understanding of astrocytes as static cells, reactive astrocytes possess more diverse functions and phenotypes than previously predicted. In the present focused review, we summarize the evidence showing that astrocytes are playing profound roles in the disease process of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aberrantly activated astrocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rodents express microglial molecular markers and provoke toxicities to accelerate disease progression. In addition, TIR domain–containing adapter protein–inducing interferon‐β‐dependent innate immune pathway in astrocytes also has a novel function in terminating glial activation and neuroinflammation. Furthermore, heterogeneity in phenotypes and functions of astrocytes are also observed in various disease conditions, such as other neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia, aging and acute lesions in the central nervous system. Through accumulating knowledge of the phenotypic and functional diversity of astrocytes, these cells will become more attractive therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.
Immediate and early implant placement in single‐tooth gaps in the anterior maxilla: A prospective study on ridge dimensional, clinical, and aesthetic changes
Authors: Arora Himanshu , Ivanovski Saso 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis prospective study evaluated the impact of timing of placement (immediate and early) on the horizontal ridge dimensional changes, clinical, and aesthetic outcomes of implants placed in single‐tooth gaps in the anterior maxilla.Materials and methodsImplants were placed in single‐tooth gaps in the anterior maxilla of 30 patients, either immediately after extraction (Group A, n = 15) or after a healing period of 4–8 weeks (Group B, n = 15). In both groups, implant placement was followed by a 3‐ to 4‐month period of non‐submerged healing, after which definitive crowns were placed. Study models were obtained before extraction (T0), at implant placement (T1), at the insertion of a definitive crown (T2), and 1‐year thereafter (T3). Horizontal ridge dimensional changes were measured by superimposing the optical scans of the study models from different time‐points. Radiographs and photographs were used to evaluate changes in marginal bone levels and soft tissue recession. Aesthetic evaluation was carried out using the Pink and White Esthetic Score (PES and WES) indices. Patient‐reported outcomes were measured using a subjective questionnaire.ResultsA 100% implant survival rate was observed in both groups after a 1‐year follow‐up. Analysis showed a labial horizontal tissue dimensional change of 0.61 mm and 0.72 mm from T0 to T3 in Groups A and B, respectively. Acceptable PES values were observed in both groups (Group A: 9.40; Group B: 9.27) after the 1‐year follow‐up period. No incidence of advanced mucosal recession was observed between definitive crown insertion and 1‐year follow‐up in both groups. No significant changes were observed for all other measured variables at different time‐points.ConclusionsImmediate and early placed implants in single‐tooth gaps in the anterior maxilla showed similar ridge dimensional changes as well as acceptable clinical, aesthetic, and patient‐centred outcomes in the short‐term (1‐year follow‐up).
Comparison of autogenous and allograft bone rings in surgically created vertical bone defects around implants in a sheep model
Authors: Benlidayi Mehmet Emre , Tatli Ufuk , Salimov Fariz , Tükel Hüseyin Can , Yüksel Orcan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare autogenous and allograft bone rings in surgically created vertical bone defects.Material and methodsFour male, 1‐year‐old sheep were used in this study. In each sheep, eight vertical bone defects 7 mm in diameter were created using trephine drill in the iliac wing. Autogenous and allograft bone rings 5 mm in height and 7 mm in diameter were used for vertical augmentation around implants. The study consisted of four groups according to the bone ring type and amount of vertical augmentation, autogenous 2 mm, allograft 2 mm, autogenous 4 mm, and allograft 4 mm. Two of the animals were sacrificed after 4 months, and the remaining two animals were sacrificed after 8 months. Undecalcified sections were prepared from harvested samples. Histological assessment and histomorphometric analysis were performed.ResultsAutogenous 2 mm group showed higher values than allograft 2 mm group, and autogenous 4 mm group showed higher values than allograft 4 mm group in terms of bone area and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) after 4 months. However, allograft 2 mm group showed higher bone area and BIC values than autogenous 2 mm group after 8 months. Also, autogenous 4 mm and allograft 4 mm groups showed comparable results after 8 months. Allograft 2 mm and allograft 4 mm groups showed higher bone area and BIC values at 8 months compared with 4 months.ConclusionsAllograft bone ring looks promising in augmentation of surgically created vertical bone defects around implants after 8 months of healing.
A new unsupervised feature selection algorithm using similarity‐based feature clustering
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Wang Yu , Li Yingbin , Tan Yonghui , Wang Guangtao , Song Qinbao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnsupervised feature selection is an important problem, especially for high‐dimensional data. However, until now, it has been scarcely studied and the existing algorithms cannot provide satisfying performance. Thus, in this paper, we propose a new unsupervised feature selection algorithm using similarity‐based feature clustering, Feature Selection‐based Feature Clustering (FSFC). FSFC removes redundant features according to the results of feature clustering based on feature similarity. First, it clusters the features according to their similarity. A new feature clustering algorithm is proposed, which overcomes the shortcomings of K‐means. Second, it selects a representative feature from each cluster, which contains most interesting information of features in the cluster. The efficiency and effectiveness of FSFC are tested upon real‐world data sets and compared with two representative unsupervised feature selection algorithms, Feature Selection Using Similarity (FSUS) and Multi‐Cluster‐based Feature Selection (MCFS) in terms of runtime, feature compression ratio, and the clustering results of K‐means. The results show that FSFC can not only reduce the feature space in less time, but also significantly improve the clustering performance of K‐means.
Automated quantification of reference levels in liver and mediastinal blood pool for the Deauville therapy response classification using FDG‐PET/CT in Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Sadik May , Lind Erica , Polymeri Eirini , Enqvist Olof , Ulén Johannes , Trägårdh Elin 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackground18F‐FDG‐PET/CT has become a standard for assessing treatment response in patients with lymphoma. A subjective interpretation of the scan based on the Deauville 5‐point scale has been widely adopted. However, inter‐observer variability due to the subjectivity of the interpretation is a limitation. Our main goal is to develop an objective and automated method for evaluating response. The first step is to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based method, for the automated quantification of reference levels in the liver and mediastinal blood pool in patients with lymphoma.MethodsThe AI‐based method was trained to segment the liver and the mediastinal blood pool in CT images from 80 lymphoma patients, who had undergone 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT, and apply this to a validation group of six lymphoma patients. CT segmentations were transferred to the PET images to obtain automatic standardized uptake values (SUV). The AI‐based analysis was compared to corresponding manual segmentations performed by two radiologists.ResultsThe mean difference for the comparison between the AI‐based liver SUV quantifications and those of the two radiologists in the validation group was 0·02 and 0·02, respectively, and 0·02 and 0·02 for mediastinal blood pool respectively.ConclusionsAn AI‐based method for the automated quantification of reference levels in the liver and mediastinal blood pool shows good agreement with results obtained by experienced radiologists who had manually segmented the CT images. This is a first, promising step towards objective treatment response evaluation in patients with lymphoma based on 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT.