bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemostatic Variables and the Outcome of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Haines A P , Howarth D , North W R S , Goldenberg Eva , Stirling Yvonne , Meade T W , Raftery E B , Millar Craig M W 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn a study of 272 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) the 68 who died within 1 year had significantly higher levels of factor VIIIR:Ag, factor VIII:C, fibrinogen, α1 antitrypsin and α2 macroglobulin than those who survived. The mean white cell count (WCC) and peak creatine kinase (CK) were also significantly higher in those who died compared with the survivors. There was considerable intercorrelation between many of the haemostatic variables, WCC and CK as well as between many of the clinical predictors of outcome and the laboratory variables. The differences in haemostatic variables between those who died and those who survived may merely reflect the size of the infarct; alternatively, the haemostatic system may influence prognosis following an MI.
Effect of Cyclic AMP and Cyclic GMP on Thromboplastin (Factor III) Synthesis in Human Monocytes In Vitro
Authors: Lyberg Torstein 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHuman monocytes in vitro respond to various agents (immune complexes, lectins, endotoxin, the divalent ionophore A 23187, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate [TPA], purified protein derivative [PPD] of Bacille Calmette-Guerin) with an increased synthesis of the protein component of thromboplastin. The effect of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP on this response has been studied. Dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, prostaglandin E1 and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors 3-butyl-1-methyl-xanthine (MIX) and rac -4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Ro 201724), separately and in combination have a pronounced inhibitory effect on the response to immune complexes and PPD, and a moderate effect on the response to endotoxin and lectins. The effect on TPA response and on the response to A 23187 was slight. Dibutyryl-cyclic GMP (1 mM) gave a slight inhibition of the TPA arid IC response, but had essentially no effect on the response to other inducers. The intracellular cAMP level increased when monocytes were incubated with IC, TPA or A 23187 followed by a decrease to basal levels within 1-2 hr, whereas lectin (PHA) and PPD did not induce such changes. The cAMP response to endotoxin varied. Stimulation with IC induced an increase in monocyte cGMP levels, whereas the other stimulants did not cause such changes.
Protein C Deficiency in Two Austrian Families
Authors: Pabinger-Fasching I , Bertina R M , Lechner K , Niessner H , Korninger Ch 
Published: July 2018

SummaryProtein C antigen was determined by Laurell rocket immunelectrophoresis in 225 patients with a history of venous thrombosis. Among these patients two females with protein C deficiency were detected. Additional studies in the families of the protein C deficient patients revealed further 7 family members with protein C deficiency. In 8 not anticoagulated patients with protein C deficiency the protein C ranged from 36 to 62% (median: 45%). In one patient on oral anticoagulant treatment protein C antigen concentration was < 10%, FII and F X were 65 and 50%, respectively. The pattern of inheritance was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. 5 of the 9 protein C deficient patients had severe thrombotic tendency characterized by recurrent deep venous thrombosis (n = 4), pulmonary embolism (n = 1), probable mesenteric vein thrombosis (n = 1) and superficial thrombophlebitis (n = 2). All protein C deficient patients without thrombosis were less than 17 years old.
Cell-Free Synthesis of Factor VIII Related Protein
Authors: Chan Vivian , Chan T K 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPolyadenylated ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated from confluent human endothelial cells in culture and translated in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate protein-synthesizing system. Using specific immunopredpitation, the translation product was found to contain 1.58% VIH related protein (VIIIR), which has a molecular weight of 0.26 × 106, similar to the subunit of VIIIR present in normal plasma. This indicated that VIIIR messenger RNA is responsible for the synthesis of subunits only and intracellular post-translational events are required for the assembly of tetramer and multimers.
Platelet Function, Size and Yield in Whole Blood and in Platelet-Rich Plasma Prepared Using Differing Centrifugation Force and Time in Domestic and Food-Producing Animals
Authors: Clemmons R M , Bliss E L , Dorsey-Lee M R , Seachord C L , Meyers K M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effects of centrifugation force and time upon platelets function, mean platelet volume and platelet yield were compared with whole blood platelet counts and size in citrated blood samples from the bovine, canine, caprine, equine, feline, ovine and porcine species. The results were similar, for a given species, irregardless of sample volume. Bovine, caprine, feline and ovine platelet yields and mean platelet volumes were maximal when platelet-rich plasma was prepared using longer centrifugation times and lower gravitational forces. Canine, equine and porcine platelet yields and mean platelet volumes were maximal when platelet-rich plasma was prepared using shorter centrifugation times and higher gravitational forces. Platelet aggregation to adenosine diphosphate or arachidonic add was not effected by the method of platelet-rich plasma preparation in bovine, caprine, feline, ovine or pordne platelets. Equine platelet aggregation was maximal when platelet-rich plasma was prepared using longer centrifugation times and lower gravitational forces. Canine platelet aggregation, particularly arachidonic add-induced aggregation, was maximal when platelet-rich plasma was prepared using short centrifugation times and higher gravitational forces. It appeared that the effects of centrifugation parameters upon platelet yield depended upon the relative difference between platelet and red blood cell volumes.
Monocrotaline Pyrrole-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Fawn-Hooded Rats with Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency: 5-Hydroxytryptamine Uptake by Isolated, Perfused Lungs
Authors: Hilliker Katherine S , Bell Thomas G , Roth Robert A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlatelets are believed to be involved in the development of monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP)-induced pulmonary hypertension. To help identify the role of the platelet, the cardiopulmonary toxicity of MCTP was examined in fawn-hooded (FH) rats, a strain with a platelet function defect. Both Sprague-Dawley (SD) and FH rats developed right ventricular hypertrophy and increased lung weights and exhibited decreased biogenic amine removal by isolated, perfused lung preparations after MCTP treatment. The responses of the FH rats were not significantly different from those of the SD rats, suggesting that platelet uptake and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) are not the platelet functions involved in MCTP-induced pulmonary hypertension. The FH rats had an interesting strain-related difference from SD rats; isolated lungs from FH rats removed and metabolized a greater proportion of perfused 5HT than the SD rats.
Dipyridamole Inhibits Platelet Aggregation in Whole Blood
Authors: Gresele P , Zoja C , Deckmyn H , Arnout J , Vermylen J , Verstraete M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDipyridamole possesses antithrombotic properties in the animal and in man but it does not inhibit platelet aggregation in plasma. We evaluated the effect of dipyridamole ex vivo and in vitro on platelet aggregation induced by collagen and adenosine- 5’-diphosphate (ADP) in human whole blood with an impedance aggregometer. Two hundred mg dipyridamole induced a significant inhibition of both ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation in human blood samples taken 2 hr after oral drug intake. Administration of the drug for four days, 400 mg/day, further increased the antiplatelet effect. A significant negative correlation was found between collagen-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood and dipyridamole levels in plasma (p <0.001). A statistically significant inhibition of both collagen (p <0.0025) and ADP-induced (p <0.005) platelet aggregation was also obtained by incubating whole blood in vitro for 2 min at 37° C with dipyridamole (3.9 μM). No such effects were seen in platelet-rich plasma, even after enrichment with leukocytes. Low-dose adenosine enhanced in vitro inhibition in whole blood.Our results demonstrate that dipyridamole impedes platelet aggregation in whole blood by an interaction with red blood cells, probably involving adenosine.
Differences Between Heterozygous Dominant and Recessive von Willebrand’s Disease Type I Expressed by Bleeding Symptoms and Combinations of Factor VIII Variables
Authors: Wahlberg T B , Blombäck M , Ruggeri Z M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThree families with von Willebrand’s disease (vWd) type I were investigated. A reliable identification of healthy and diseased individuals was achieved by number of bleeding symptoms, assays of bleeding time, FVIII:C (one stage and two stage), VIIIR: Ag (EIA) and ristocetin cofactor. The diagnoses - vWd or non-vWd were confirmed by laboratory indices based on predictive values of positive and negative tests, also including VIIIR: Ag (IRMA and RIA). The last mentioned two variables did not contribute to significantly better identification of vWd versus health. The best single test variable for this purpose was ristocetin cofactor. One vWd family had significantly higher levels of ristocetin cofactor and shorter bleeding time than the other two vWd families and is probably the typical example of a family transmitting classical severe vWd.
Effects of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase on Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation In Rats
Authors: Yoshikawa T , Murakami M , Yoshida N , Seto O , Kondo M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase on endotoxin-induced experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were studied in rats. Experimental DIC was induced by a 4 hr sustained infusion of endotoxin at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The rats were subcutaneously injected with SOD at 0.5, 5.0 or 50.0 mg/kg, or catalase at 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg, followed by the continuously infusion of 100 mg/kg/4hr of endotoxin. A preventive effect against DIC was noted in all the parameters, such as fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count and the number of renal glomeruli with fibrin thrombi, in the rats treated with 50.0 mg/kg of SOD or 1.0 mg/kg of catalase. When 50.0 mg/kg of SOD or 1.0 mg/kg of catalse was injected subcutaneously at 1, 2 or 3 hr after the initiation of the endotoxin-infusion, the protective effect against DIC was noted in all the parameters.
Fate of Thrombin and Thrombin-Antithrombin-III Complex Adsorbed to a Heparinized Biomaterial: Analysis of the Enzyme-Inhibitor Complexes Displaced by Plasma
Authors: Hatton Mark W C , Rollason Gordon , Sefton Michael V 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHeparin covalently-linked to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biomaterial which is of potential value as a non-thrombogenic coating. 125I-labelled thrombin adsorbed to heparin-PVA beads was not dislodged by phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4, although radioactivity was progressively displaced from the adsorbent by fibrinogen-free human plasma. Analysis by gel filtration and affinity chromatography showed that the released radioactivity was distributed between (thrombin-antithrombin-III) complex (approx. 70%) and, probably, (thrombin-α-2-macroglobulin) complex (approx. 30%). Less efficient thrombin displacement was obtained by either bovine serum albumin (5% w/v) or antithrombin-III-free human plasma: in the latter case, the dislodged enzyme was presumably associated with α-2-macroglobulin. Purified α-2-macroglobulin did not displace thrombin from heparin-PVA. The quantity of thrombin displaced by an α- 2-macroglobulin-free plasma fraction compared well with fibrinogen-free plasma: The eluted enzyme was largely associated with antithrombin-III. Purified antithrombin-III did not displace thrombin from heparin-PVA despite causing >70% inactivation of the bound enzyme. Subsequent treatment with fibrinogen-free plasma dislodged (thrombin-antithrombin-III) at a similar rate to that of bound thrombin. We conclude that plasma contains a component(s) which displaces (thrombin-antithrombin-III) complex from immobilised heparin: presumably this leaves the heparin sites free for further use in enzyme inactivation.
Evidence that Platelet α-Granules Are a Major Determinant of Platelet Density: Studies in Storage Pool Deficiency
Authors: Vicic William J , Weiss Harvey J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDensity-related subpopulations of platelets were obtained by centrifuging platelets obtained from venous blood on a discontinuous gradient of arabinogalactan (Stractan). Four subpopulations were obtained in fractions of the gradient with densities ≤1.058, 1.065, 1.070, and 1.092 g/ml. The percentage of the total platelet population recovered in these various fractions in 5 patients with congenital storage pool deficiency who are deficient only in dense granules (δ-SPD) was similar to that observed in 8 normal subjects. In contrast, a shift in the density distribution towards a higher percentage of less dense platelets was observed in 3 patients (aδ-SPD) who are deficient in both a and dense granules. The results of these studies strongly suggest that agranules are a major determinant of platelet density.
Immunoradiometric Assays for Human Coagulation Factor VII Using Polyclonal Antibodies Against the Ca(II)-Dependent and Ca(II)-Independent Conformation
Authors: Bom V J J , van Tilburg N H , Es C Krommenhoek-van , Bertina R M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHuman coagulation factor VII is a trace plasma protein belonging to the vitamin K-dependent factors. Two specific and sensitive immunoradiometric assays for factor VII were developed using immunopurified rabbit antibodies against the Ca(II)-independent and Ca(II)-dependent conformation of factor VII. Both assays were insensitive to the activation state of factor VII. The distribution of factor VII antigen was studied in 40 healthy individuals and the antigen level in normal plasma was calculated to be 0.52-0.62 μg/ml. The two assays were used in a comparative study of factor VII procoagulant activity and factor VII antigen in patients treated with oral anticoagulants.
Maternal and Fetal Death on Weekends
Authors: Moaddab Amirhossein , Dildy Gary , Belfort Michael , Sangi-Haghpeykar Haleh , Davidson Christina , Clark Steven 
Published: July 2018

Background Higher mortality rates have been reported in patients admitted to the hospital on weekends. This study aimed to compare maternal mortality ratio (MMR), fetal mortality ratio, and other maternal and neonatal outcomes by day of death or delivery in the United States.
Methods Our database consisted of a population-level analysis of live births and maternal and fetal deaths between 2004 and 2014 in the United States from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. We also examined the relationship between these deaths and various documented maternal and fetal clinical conditions.
Results A total of 2,061 maternal deaths occurred on weekends and 5,510 deaths on weekdays. During the same period of time, 65,063 and 210,851 cases of fetal demise were delivered on weekends and on weekdays, respectively. Maternal mortality was significantly higher on weekends than weekdays (22.9 vs. 15.3/100,000 live births, p < 0.001) as was fetal mortality (7.21 vs. 5.85/100,000, p < 0.001), despite a lower frequency of serious comorbidities among women delivering on weekends.
Conclusion Our data demonstrate a significant increase in the U.S. MMR and stillbirth delivery on weekends. Relative representation of antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum deaths cannot be ascertained from these data.
Outcomes after Neonatal Seizures in Infants Less Than 29 Weeks' Gestation: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Iwami Hiroko , Isayama Tetsuya , Lodha Abhay , Canning Rody , Abou Mehrem Ayman , Lee Shoo , Synnes Anne , Shah Prakesh ,   for the Canadian Neonatal Network and Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network Investigators
Published: July 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between neonatal seizure and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18 to 24 months in extremely preterm neonates. The association between anticonvulsants use and NDI was also assessed.
Study Design In this retrospective cohort study of infants born at <29 weeks' gestation from the Canadian Neonatal Network and Canadian Neonatal Follow-Up Network databases, we compared mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants who had neonatal seizures with those without seizures after adjusting for confounders.
Results Of the 2,762 eligible neonates, 133 (4.8%) had seizures. Infants who had seizures were of lower gestation (25.2 vs. 26.2 weeks) and birth weight (819 vs. 920 g) and had higher rates of adverse outcomes. Neonatal seizure was associated with higher odds of composite outcome of death or significant NDI (74 vs. 27%; adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2–5.4). Death or significant NDI was higher in infants with seizures treated with anticonvulsants than those without treatment (89 vs. 70%); however, when adjusted for confounders, it was not significantly different (adjusted OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 0.83–14.6).
Conclusion Neonatal seizures were independently associated with higher odds of death or significant NDI at 18 to 24 months of age. Relationship of anticonvulsant and neurodevelopmental outcomes needs further studies.
Innovative Solution for Grasping Forceps Support Suction to Facilitate Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
Authors: Zhang Xugang , Yang Lei , Wang Jianrui , Wei Bo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery has been limited to the use of very few instruments, which but at least include energy device, grasping forceps, and suction. The last two instruments must be temporarily replaced by each other in response to situation. This step prolongs operative duration and potentially impairs the surgical efficiency. We describe a novel instrument design of grasping forceps support suction. Its continuous suction can clear the smoke and blood simultaneously to keep the operative field dry and clean, minimize the requirement to exchange surgical devices, and allow for optimized surgical workflow.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in modern chemical analysis: advances and prospects
Authors: Eremina Olga E. , Semenova Anna A. , Sergeeva Elena A. , Brazhe Nadezhda A. , Maksimov Georgy V. , Shekhovtsova Tatyana N. , Goodilin Evgene A. , Veselova Irina A. 
Published: July 2018

The review concerns the state of the art, the advances in and prospects for application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in chemical analysis. Key advantages (nondestructive origin, high sensitivity and selectivity, easiness of sample preparation) and drawbacks (a relatively small number of analytes, insufficient metrological characteristics of certain objects) of the method are pointed out. Particular attention is paid to the development of novel chemical approaches and to the design of versatile optical sensors to significantly enhance the analytical potential of the method and to extend the range of analytes. Examples are given of the application of SERS in key branches of science and technology that require both qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of complex objects,viz., environmental monitoring, fuel and energy area, medical diagnosis, biology and biochemistry.The bibliography includes 502 references.
Analysis of exhaled air for early-stage diagnosis of lung cancer: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Ganeev Aleksandr A. , Gubal Anna R. , Lukyanov Gennadij N. , Arseniev Andrey I. , Barchuk Anton A. , Jahatspanian Igor E. , Gorbunov Ilja S. , Rassadina Anna A. , Nemets Valerij M. , Nefedov Andrey O. , Korotetsky Boris A. , Solovyev Nikolay D. , Iakovleva Evgenia , Ivanenko Natalja B. , Kononov Aleksandr S. , Sillanpaa Mika , Seeger Thomas 
Published: July 2018

Early detection of lung cancer usually markedly increases the efficiency of therapy. However, the currently employed diagnostic approaches are not sufficiently effective, resulting in late detection of the disease and high patient mortality. Therefore, development of a high-throughput and reliable diagnostic method is a priority task requiring fast solution. Analysis of exhaled air for a number of organic compounds recognized as lung cancer biomarkers seems to be a promising approach for early diagnosis of the disease. This issue attracts growing interest, as indicated by increasing number of publications on this topic. This review surveys contemporary analytical techniques for analysis of exhaled air, including various spectroscopic and mass spectral methods and also gas sensor-based methods. The key benefits and shortcomings of the techniques, sample injection and pre-concentration methods, and the potential applicability of the methods for lung cancer detection are discussed. The prospects of simultaneous application of several analytical techniques and approaches for the early diagnosis are demonstrated.The bibliography includes 147 references.
Efficient compression in color naming and its evolution
Authors: Zaslavsky Noga , Kemp Charles , Regier Terry , Tishby Naftali 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Semantic typology documents and explains how languages vary in their structuring of meaning. Information theory provides a formal model of communication that includes a precise definition of efficient compression. We show that color-naming systems across languages achieve near-optimal compression and that this principle explains much of the variation across languages. These findings suggest a possible process for color category evolution that synthesizes continuous and discrete aspects of previous accounts. The generality of this principle suggests that it may also apply to other semantic domains.
Environmental limits of Rift Valley fever revealed using ecoepidemiological mechanistic models
Authors: Lo Iacono Giovanni , Cunningham Andrew A. , Bett Bernard , Grace Delia , Redding David W. , Wood James L. N. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Vector-borne diseases represent complex infection transmission systems; previous epidemiological models have been unable to formally capture the relationship between the ecological limits of vector species and the dynamics of pathogen transmission. By making this advance for the key disease, Rift Valley fever, we are able to show how seasonally varying availability of water bodies and ambient temperatures dictate when the mosquito vector populations will persist and importantly, those sets of conditions resulting in stable oscillations of disease transmission. Importantly, under the latter scenario, short-term health control measures will likely fail, as the system quickly returns to the original configuration after the intervention stops. Our model, therefore, offers an important tool to better understand vector-borne diseases and design effective eradication programs.
Scale Dependency and Downward Causation in Biology
Authors: Green Sara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article argues that scale dependence of physical and biological processes offers resistance to reductionism and has implications that support a specific kind of downward causation. I demonstrate how insights from multiscale modeling can provide a concrete mathematical interpretation of downward causation as boundary conditions for models used to represent processes at lower scales. The autonomy and role of macroscale parameters and higher-level constraints are illustrated through examples of multiscale modeling in physics, developmental biology, and systems biology. Drawing on these examples, I defend the explanatory importance of constraining relations for understanding the behavior of biological systems.