bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of novel phenothiazine derivatives on brain dopamine in Wistar rats
Authors: Gopi Chandravadivelu , Sastry Vedula Girija , Dhanaraju Magharla Dasaratha 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Neurotransmitters are involved in several functions in the brain and the body of living things. Changes in the level of neurotransmitters in the brain are associated with several illnesses. Some of the drugs are controlling the neurotransmitter by adjusting the level in the brain and are exclusively used in the treatment of psychological disorders. The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of novel synthesised phenothiazine derivatives (GC1, GC2 and GC8) either alone (7.5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg, oral) or in combination with amphetamine on the experimental animals.

Results
Dopamine level in rat brain was estimated by a spectroscopic method using the UV-visible double beam spectrophotometer at 735 nm. The results revealed that these derivatives blocked the brain dopamine level significantly. The compound GC8 (15 mg/kg) significantly reduced the level of dopamine (0.151 ± 0.04, 0.284 ± 0.03) as similar to that of a standard drug. Furthermore, compounds GC2 (15 mg/kg) and GC1 (15 mg/kg) exhibited a varying level of dopamine inhibition level and have been found at 0.203 ± 0.06 μg/ml, 0.302 ± 0.04 μg/ml, 0.234 ± 0.02 μg/ml and 0.318 ± 0.07 μg/ml, respectively, after the administration of these derivatives either alone or in combination with amphetamine.

Conclusions
The study revealed that the compound 2-amino-6-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl phenyl) pyrimidine-4-yl) (7-chloro-10-(3- (N, N-dimethylamino) propyl)-10H-phenothiazine-3-yl) methanone (GC8, 15 mg/kg) extensively reduced the dopamine level. The order of dopamine-inhibiting effect of the selected compound was found to be GC8 > GC2 > GC1. The increased body weight and relative brain-body weight were also observed in the tested animals due to more intake of food and fluid retention.

Graphical abstract
Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antimicrobial investigation of novel pyran derivatives based on 8-hydroxyquinoline
Authors: Rbaa Mohamed , Hichar Abdelhadi , Bazdi Omar , Lakhrissi Younes , Ounine Khadija , Lakhrissi Brahim 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
8-Hydroxyquinoline derivatives are known for their extensive applications in the field of analytical chemistry and separation techniques; their complexes with transition metals also exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Results
In the present study, we synthesized a new series of pyranoquinoline derivatives and evaluated their antibacterial activities. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis. All the prepared compounds were evaluated in vitro as antimicrobial agents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli (ATCC35218), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29213), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC17802), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853)). The screening test was determined by using the standard protocol of disc diffusion method (DDM).

Conclusion
We have synthesized new pyranic compounds bearing an 8-hydroxyquinoline moiety on their structure. The preliminary screening results showed that all the tested compounds have a remarkable inhibitory effect on the growth of the majority of the tested bacterial strains compared to the standard antibiotic (penicillin G), and the chlorinated compound (Q1) is more active against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria such as the Staphylococcus aureus strain which is the most sensitive. Gram-positive bacteria are responsible for a wide range of infectious diseases, and rising resistance in this group is causing increasing concern. Thus, this study develops novel heterocyclic compound derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline that have demonstrated good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

Graphical abstract
CT-2A neurospheres-derived high-grade glioma in mice: a new model to address tumor stem cells and immunosuppression
Authors: Riva Matteo , Wouters Roxanne , Weerasekera Akila , Belderbos Sarah , Nittner David , Thal Dietmar R. , Baert Thaïs , Giovannoni Roberto , Gsell Willy , Himmelreich Uwe , Van Ranst Marc , Coosemans An 
Published: September 2019

Background
Recently, several promising treatments for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) failed to provide significant benefit when translated from the preclinical setting to patients. Improving the animal models is fundamental to overcome this translational gap. To address this need, we developed and comprehensively characterized a new in-vivo model based on the orthotopic implantation of CT-2A cells cultured in neurospheres (NS/CT-2A).
Methods
Murine CT-2A methylcholanthrene-induced HGG cells (C57BL/6 background) were cultured in monolayers (ML) or NS and orthotopically inoculated in syngeneic animals. ML/CT-2A and NS/CT-2A tumors’ characterization included the analysis of tumor growth, immune microenvironment, glioma stem cells (GSCs), vascularization and metabolites. The immuno-modulating properties of NS/CT-2A and ML/CT-2A cells on splenocytes were tested in-vitro.
Results
Mice harboring NS/CT-2A tumors survived shorter than those harboring ML/CT-2A tumors (p=0.0033). Compared to standard ML/CT-2A tumors, NS/CT-2A tumors showed more abundant GSCs (p=0.0002 and 0.0770 for Nestin and CD133, respectively) and regulatory T cells (Tregs, p=0.0074), and a strong tendency towards an increased vascularization (p=0.0503). There were no significant differences in metabolites’ composition between NS/ and ML/CT-2A tumors. In-vitro, NS were able to drive splenocytes towards a more immunosuppressive status by reducing CD8+ T cells (p=0.0354) and by promoting Tregs (p=0.0082), macrophages (MF, p=0.0019) and their M2 subset (p=0.0536).
Conclusions
Compared to standard ML/CT-2A tumors, NS/CT-2A tumors show a more aggressive phenotype with increased immunosuppression and GSCs proliferation. Because of these specific features, the NS/CT-2A model represents a clinically relevant platform for the search of new HGG treatments aimed at reducing immunosuppression and eliminating GSCs.
Model systems for regeneration: planarians
Authors: Ivankovic Mario , Haneckova Radmila , Thommen Albert , Grohme Markus A. , Vila-Farré Miquel , Werner Steffen , Rink Jochen C. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Planarians are a group of flatworms. Some planarian species have remarkable regenerative abilities, which involve abundant pluripotent adult stem cells. This makes these worms a powerful model system for understanding the molecular and evolutionary underpinnings of regeneration. By providing a succinct overview of planarian taxonomy, anatomy, available tools and the molecular orchestration of regeneration, this Primer aims to showcase both the unique assets and the questions that can be addressed with this model system.
Developmentally regulated Shh expression is robust to TAD perturbations
Authors: Williamson Iain , Kane Lauren , Devenney Paul S. , Flyamer Ilya M. , Anderson Eve , Kilanowski Fiona , Hill Robert E. , Bickmore Wendy A. , Lettice Laura A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Topologically associating domains (TADs) have been proposed to both guide and constrain enhancer activity. Shh is located within a TAD known to contain all its enhancers. To investigate the importance of chromatin conformation and TAD integrity on developmental gene regulation, we have manipulated the Shh TAD – creating internal deletions, deleting CTCF sites, and deleting and inverting sequences at TAD boundaries. Chromosome conformation capture and fluorescence in situ hybridisation assays were used to investigate the changes in chromatin conformation that result from these manipulations. Our data suggest that these substantial alterations in TAD structure have no readily detectable effect on Shh expression patterns or levels of Shh expression during development – except where enhancers are deleted – and result in no detectable phenotypes. Only in the case of a larger deletion at one TAD boundary could ectopic influence of the Shh limb enhancer be detected on a gene (Mnx1) in the neighbouring TAD. Our data suggests that, contrary to expectations, the developmental regulation of Shh expression is remarkably robust to TAD perturbations.
CT-morphologic and CT-textural patterns of response in inoperable soft tissue sarcomas treated with pazopanib—a preliminary retrospective cohort study
Authors: Esser Michael , Kloth Cristopher , Thaiss Wolfgang M , Reinert Christian P , Kraus Mareen S , Gast Gabriel CC , Horger Marius 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To analyze patterns of response in soft tissue sarcomas exposed to pazopanib using CT-morphologic and textural features and their suitability for evaluating therapeutic response. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of CT response and texture patterns in 33 patients (23 female; mean age: 61.2 years, range, 30–85 years) with soft tissue sarcomas treated with pazopanib from October 2008 to July 2017. Response evaluation was based on modified (m)CHOI-criteria and RECISTv.1.1 and classified as partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD). The following CT-texture (CTTA)-parameters were calculated: mean, entropy and uniformity of intensity/average/skewness/entropy of co-occurrence matrix and contrast of neighboring-gray-level-dependence-matrix. Results: Following mCHOI-criteria, 12 patients achieved PR, 7 SD and 14 PD. As per RECISTv.1.1 9 patients obtained PR, 9 SD and 15 PD. Frequent patterns of response were tumor liquefaction and necrosis (n=4/33, 12.1% each). Further patterns included shrinkage and cavitation (n=2/33, 6.1% each). In responders, differences in mean heterogeneity (p=0.01), intensity (p=0.03), average (p=0.03) and entropy of skewness (p=0.01) were found at follow-up whereas in non-responders, CTTA-parameters did not change significantly. Baseline-CTTA-features differed between responders and non-responders in terms of uniformity of skewness (p=0.045). Baseline-CTTA-parameters did not correlate with any morphologic response pattern. Conclusion: Most frequent patterns of response to pazopanib were tumor liquefaction and necrosis. Single CT-textural features show strong association with the response to pazopanib—although limited in relation to specific response patterns. Advances in knowledge: Tumor liquefication and necrosis are important patterns of response to pazopanib. CT-texture analysis has limited associations with specific response patterns.
Effects of self-experimentation during practical classes on student learning
Authors: de Leão e Neves Eduardo A.M. , Campos Caldas Rosa E.C. , Fonseca Welker A. 
Published: September 2019

Background: This article reports an experiment based on the measurement of the academic achievement of students submitted to self-experiments during practical classes compared with students who attended regular practical classes (control group) to assess whether this intervention could help assess the influence of self-experiments on student learning. Methods: This study involved 71 students in the second terms of the degree of Bachelor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, studying the Cell Biology unit. Experiments were conducted using the students themselves as subjects under conditions that mimic situations observed in daily life, fasting and ingestion of carbohydrates. The performance of students in health college student assessments and the degree of motivation in performing these experiments was assessed at the Anhanguera college, Brasilia, Brazil. In total, 33 students (46.5%) participated actively in the experiment and the rest only observed the experiment carried out by the first group. In Cell Biology, the students study cell types, cell components and their respective functions, during one term, with a total workload of 60 h. Results: In the test that preceded the experiment carried out in the present study, the grades of the students that participated actively and of those that only observed were not statistically different (p > 0.05). In the test applied after the experiment, both groups reached higher grades (p < 0.01), but the individuals that participated actively in the experiment obtained higher grades than those that only observed it (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that active learning, in which the students use their own organism and blood in practical classes, can increase their grades in knowledge tests. The teaching tool showed in the present study is a positive alternative for university students in health sciences.
Discretionary Remote Working Helps Mothers Without Harming Non-mothers: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Sherman Eliot L. 
Published: September 2019

Because mothers remain disproportionately responsible for childcare, the daily requirement for physical presence at work disadvantages them compared with otherwise equivalent men and childless women. Relaxing this requirement may therefore enhance the well-being and productivity of working mothers. I tested this idea with a randomized field experiment, using a within-subjects analysis from a repeated crossover design. The 187 participants in the experiment, which ran for four weeks and yielded 748 person-week observations, revealed a preference for about two remote working days per week. I observed no significant differences in the uptake of remote working days between men, women, parents, nonparents, fathers, and mothers. Mothers reported meaningfully reduced family–work conflict during remote working weeks, but fathers did not. Remote working generally increased job performance, but the effect was greatest for mothers. The coordination costs of remote working, with respect to coworker helping and job interdependence, did not appear prohibitive. Interviews with study participants corroborate and contextualize these findings. This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.
The Long-term and Spillover Effects of Price Promotions on Retailing Platforms: Evidence from a Large Randomized Experiment on Alibaba
Authors: Zhang Dennis J. , Dai Hengchen , Dong Lingxiu , Qi Fangfang , Zhang Nannan , Liu Xiaofei , Liu Zhongyi , Yang Jiang 
Published: September 2019

Dynamic pricing through price promotions has been widely used by online retailers. We study how a promotion strategy, one that offers customers a discount for products in their shopping cart, affects customer behavior in the short and long term on a retailing platform. We conduct a randomized field experiment involving more than 100 million customers and 11,000 retailers with Alibaba Group, one of the world’s largest retailing platform. We randomly assign eligible customers to either receive promotions for products in their shopping cart (treatment group) or not receive promotions (control group). In the short term, our promotion program doubles the sales of promoted products on the day of promotion. In the long term, we causally document unintended consequences of this promotion program during the month after our treatment period. On the positive side, it boosts customer engagement, increasing the daily number of products that customers view and their purchase incidence on the platform. On the negative side, it intensifies strategic customer behavior in the posttreatment period in two ways: (1) by increasing the proportion of products that customers add to their shopping cart conditional on viewing them, possibly because of their intention to get more shopping cart promotions, and (2) by decreasing the price that customers subsequently pay for a product, possibly because of their strategic search for lower prices. Importantly, these long-term effects of price promotions on consumer engagement and strategic behavior spill over to sellers who did not previously offer promotions to customers. Finally, we examine heterogeneous treatment effects across promotion, seller, and consumer characteristics. These findings have important implications for platforms and retailers. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Architecture of Atwood Machine Props with Sensor-based Passive Infrared
Authors: Saraswati Dandan Luhur , Putri Delia Achadina 
Published: September 2019

The aim of this research is to develop Atwood machine propswith sensor-based PIR (Passive Infrared) to determine the acceleration value of earth gravity. This type of research is an experiment conducted in the physics laboratory of Universitas Indraprasta PGRI. Atwood machine was developed by using PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors to detect the movement of the objects used. Based on the trialof the result of the data analysis experiment tool, the acceleration of gravity was obtained (9.87 ± 0.08) m/s2. Whereas the value of acceleration of gravity in the literature is 9,80665 m/s2. The obtained results shows that the acceleration of gravity obtained in this research is not much different from the acceleration value of gravity found in the literature so that Atwood machine tool that is developed by using PIR sensor is recommended to be one alternative tool in determining the acceleration of earth gravity.
Characteristics of Women Who Present for Abortion Beyond the Legal Limit in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Van de Velde Sarah , Van Eekert Nina , Van Assche Kristof , Sommerland Nina , Wouters Edwin 
Published: September 2019

CONTEXTWomen who seek abortion care beyond the first trimester of gestation are often in a vulnerable socioeconomic position with limited social support, and in Belgium, the details of their circumstances are insufficiently understood. A better understanding of this group is essential to a critical evaluation of Belgian abortion policy, which restricts abortions on request after the first trimester.METHODSAnonymized patient records were collected between 2013 and 2016 from LUNA centers, which are non‐hospital‐based abortion clinics in Flanders. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between women's characteristics and whether they presented within or beyond the legal limit, which was 13 weeks and 1 day at the time of the study.RESULTSA total of 28,741 women requested an abortion, and 972 individuals (3.4%) presented beyond the legal limit; 29% of these latter women were unable to receive abortion care as a result of the mandatory six‐day waiting period. Characteristics positively associated with presenting beyond the limit, instead of beforehand, were being younger than 20, as opposed to 20–24 (odds ratio, 1.7); receiving a primary, lower secondary, upper secondary or special‐needs education, rather than a higher education (1.8–3.1); being unemployed, rather than employed (1.3); and holding Belgian rather than a foreign nationality (0.8). Being accompanied by someone to the LUNA center (0.8), having irregularly (0.6) or regularly used contraceptives (0.7), and having ever had an abortion (0.8) were negatively associated with presenting beyond, rather than before, the limit.CONCLUSIONSA fuller consideration of patients’ characteristics when evaluating Belgian abortion policy is needed to ensure that the needs and rights of socioeconomically vulnerable women are addressed.
NÓDULO DE PLUMMER: UM RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Costa Pedro Augusto Silva da , Ferreira Gabriel Da Fonseca Soares , Ferreira Hélio Fillipe da Silva Ferreira , Teixeira Pedro Lima Verde , Lemos Alyne Layane Pereira 
Published: September 2019

Introdução: A doença de Plummer, também conhecida como Adenoma Tireoidiano Tóxico, é um tumor benigno ocasionado pelo crescimento excessivo e a transformação estrutural/funcional de uma área do parênquima tireoidiano, sendo a terceira causa mais comum de hipertireoidismo no Brasil. Trata-se de uma patologia que acomete mais o sexo feminino, em pacientes entre 30 e 60 anos. O quadro clínico consiste em palpitações, insônia, alterações no humor e tremores nas extremidades, presente em nódulos maiores do que 3cm de diâmetro. O diagnóstico é feito através da clínica, exames laboratoriais e Cintilografia de Tireoide. O tratamento pode ser feito através de iodo radioativo, drogas antitireoidianas, escleroterapia com etanol ou cirurgia. Objetivo: Relatar o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de nódulo de Plummer. Relato de Caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 40 anos, compareceu ao consultório de endocrinologia encaminhado pelo cardiologista devido a episódios de palpitações, com TSH abaixo da normalidade e passado de nódulo na tireoide. Paciente nega perda de peso, alterações de humor e tremores nas extremidades, mas relata insônia. Ao exame físico, apresentou nódulo palpável em lobo direito de tireoide de aproximadamente 3cm. Exames laboratoriais apontaram TSH 0,21 mU/L e T4 Livre 0,97 ng/dl, caracterizando um hipertireoidismo subclínico. Foi solicitado USG de Tireoide com Doppler o qual apresentou um nódulo misto em LD predominantemente cístico medindo 3,8x3,4x2,3cm com TI-RADS 4a. Realizou cintilografia de tireoide evidenciando lobo direito hipercaptante, com supressão do restante do parênquima sugestivo de doença de Plummer. PAAF resultou em Bethesda 2 (bócio colóide) Conclusão: Este caso ilustrou a apresentação clínica de um paciente com hipertireoidismo subclínico devido a doença de Plummer. Palavras-chave: Tireoide; Nódulo de Plummer; Hipertireoidismo.
CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS: QUALIDADE DE VIDA E PRESERVAÇÃO DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA
Authors: Araújo Paula Gabriella De Sousa , Sousa Helen Fernanda De Oliveira 
Published: September 2019

Introdução: Convencionalmente o termo palliun significa manto, coberta, manifestando a ideia de que os cuidados paliativos estão embasados não no ato de curar e sim no sentido mais amplo do cuidado. Nesse processo que abrange principalmente os pacientes oncológicos, a morte é vista como a terminalidade do corpo físico, uma etapa normal da vida, fato que resgata a importância da preservação do bem-estar e dignidade humana. Nessa perspectiva, indivíduos em situações terminais recebem assistência multidisciplinar que garantem controle da dor física e dos problemas psicossociais. A equipe é composta de acordo com as necessidades de cada paciente e normalmente é instituída por médico, enfermeiro, psicólogo, farmacêutico, fisioterapeuta, nutricionista, assistente social, dentista, terapeuta ocupacional e assistente espiritual que trabalham em conjunto para beneficiar tanto o paciente em sofrimento quanto a família. Objetivo: Acatar a relevância dos cuidados paliativos na preservação da qualidade de vida do paciente no que se refere aos âmbitos sociais, psicológicos e espirituais. A conservação da dignidade até o fim da vida é um princípio moral baseado nos direitos humanos, desse modo reconhecer o paciente terminal não apenas como uma doença é o passo inicial para um tratamento humanizado e efetivo. Métodos: Foi elaborado a partir de revisão de literatura obtida por análise de artigos científicos que tem como base de dados Google Acadêmico e SCIELO. Os principais descritores utilizados foram cuidados paliativos, qualidade de vida e pacientes terminais. Resultados: Os pacientes terminais sob cuidados paliativos conseguem obter melhorias nos sintomas de sua doença, além de desfrutar da sensação de não ser um incômodo para seus cuidadores, já que sua capacidade funcional e autonomia são beneficiados. Conclusão: O bem-estar físico, mental, social e espiritual são direitos inegáveis a qualquer ser humano que esteja ou não passando por algum sofrimento. Pacientes oncológicos sem respostas a nenhuma terapia convencional merecem desfrutar o restante de suas vidas de forma plena, sem dores e preocupações adicionais. Os cuidados paliativos garantem alívio para as aflições do corpo e da alma e trabalham de forma interdisciplinar para que a família e/ou cuidadores sejam assistidos com a mesma cautela e preocupação. Desse modo, tal processo permite que a morte deixe de ser um paradigma e passe a ser vista de forma humanizada.