bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pelvic Floor Muscle Morphometry and Function in Women With Primary and Secondary Provoked Vestibulodynia
Authors: Fontaine Félix , Dumoulin Chantale , Bergeron Sophie , Mayrand Marie-Hélène , Khalifé Samir , Wadell Guy , Morin Mélanie 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) can be categorized as primary PVD affecting women from their first sexual intercourse or secondary PVD, which appears after a period of pain-free intercourse. There is growing evidence that these subgroups may be distinct entities presenting different pathophysiological mechanisms. Although there are documented pelvic floor muscle alterations in provoked vestibulodynia, no study has yet evaluated whether the pelvic floor muscle morphometry or function differed between women with primary and secondary provoked vestibulodynia.

Aim
To assess and compare pelvic floor muscle morphometry and function in women with primary and secondary provoked vestibulodynia.

Methods
A total of 212 women with provoked vestibulodynia (primary = 75 and secondary = 137) participated in the study after completing a gynecologic exam to confirm their diagnosis.

Main Outcome Measure
Pelvic floor muscle morphometry was evaluated at rest and during maximal contraction using 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound and pelvic floor muscle function (tone, strength, speed of contraction, endurance) was assessed with a dynamometric speculum.

Results
Pelvic floor muscle morphometry at rest and during contraction was not statistically different between women with primary and secondary provoked vestibulodynia (P &gt; .327 adjusted for the duration of symptoms; P &gt; .137 unadjusted t-tests). Regarding pelvic floor muscle function assessed with the dynamometric speculum, no differences were found in tone, strength, speed of contraction, endurance between the 2 groups (P &gt; .144 adjusted for duration of symptoms; P &gt; .118 unadjusted t-tests).

Clinical Implications
Women with primary and secondary PVD do not differ on pelvic floor muscle morphometric or dynamometric characteristics, suggesting that physical therapy modalities should be offered to both subgroups of PVD.

Strengths & Limitations
The current study used a large and mixed clinical and community sample providing more representative findings. Moreover, the analyses were adjusted for relevant variables such as duration of symptoms. Although the inclusion of nulliparous women below 45 years of age ensured the homogeneity of the sample, it may limit the external validity.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that primary and secondary subgroups of provoked vestibulodynia cannot be differentiated by morphometric or dynamometric characteristics. Pelvic floor muscles alterations in provoked vestibulodynia are therefore not influenced by the onset of the symptoms.
Sexual Functions in Male and Female Patients With Bipolar Disorder During Remission
Authors: Elkhiat Yasser Ibrahim , Abo Seif Ahmed Fathy , Khalil Mohamed A. , GamalEl Din Sameh Fayek , Hassan Nahla Saad 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Bipolar disorder is an episodic mood disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood and affects the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.

Aim
Evaluation of the sexual function in men and women with bipolar disorder during remission.

Methods
60 men and women with bipolar disorder and 60 age-matched control subjects were included. A Structured Clinical Interview of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition was performed to confirm the diagnosis, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) to assess the depressive symptoms and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) to assess the manic symptoms. We assessed sexual function in both sexes using international indices of erectile function for men and sexual function of women.

Main Outcome Measures
Scores of HAM-D, YMRS, Arabic versions of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and female sexual function (FSFI).

Results
Depressive symptoms showed insignificant adverse correlation with the IIEF in men, whereas they revealed adverse significant correlations with the items of female sexual function index (FSFI) except pain (correlation coefficients [r] = 0.349 [P = .059], r = 0.680 [P &lt; .001], r = 0.574 [P = .001], r = 0.517 [P = .003], r = 0.569 [P = .001], r = 0.532 [P = .002], r = 0.609 [P &lt; .001], r = 0.342 [P = .065], respectively). Interestingly, the manic symptoms were associated with sexual hyperfunctioning in the men and were insignificantly correlated with the different items of FSFI in the women (r = 0.414 [P = .023], r = 0.043 [P = .821], r = 0.100 [P = .601], r = 0.108 [P = .571], r = 0.183 [P = .332), r = 0.086 [P = .651], r = 0.022 (P = .907), r = 0.109 [P = .565], respectively). There was a positive correlation between the affected women’s satisfaction and their partners’ score (r = 0.374, P =.042). Finally, the mean score of pain was statistically higher in the female cases than the normal ones (mean ± SD = 3.6 ± 0.4, 3.4, ± 0.6; P = .036).

Clinical implications
A different approach may be mandatory for manic female patients.

Strengths & Limitations
This study is one of the few studies that evaluated the sexual function in patients with bipolar disorder especially during remission. Some limitations of this study must be mentioned. We failed to evaluate the female partners of the diseased males. Quality of life of the recruited patients was not assessed. Finally, the study included patients who were not drug free.

Conclusion
Manic symptoms in female bipolar I patients are associated with sexual hypofunctioning.
Lumbar Stability in Healthy Individuals and Low Back Pain Patients Quantified by Wall Plank‐and‐Roll Test
Authors: Lee Joonnyong , Yoon Chiyul , Kim Keewon , Cho Minkyung , Kim Hee Chan , Chung Sun Gun 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) has been linked to the degree of lumbar stability, but evaluating lumbar stability has remained a challenge. Previous research has shown that inertial sensors could be used to quantify motor patterns during the wall plank‐and‐roll (WPR) test, and that LBP may cause deviations in movement from the general motor patterns observed in healthy individuals.ObjectiveTo generalize the lumbar motor patterns during the WPR test in healthy individuals, and to analyze the effect of aging and LBP on the motor patterns during the WPR test.DesignA descriptive, exploratory research with a convenience sample. This study is registered at the Clinical Research Information Service (Korea) under public trial registration numbers KCT0002481 and KCT0002533.SettingA biomechanics laboratory of a tertiary university hospital.Participants57 healthy individuals (23 men 36.7 ± 15.4 years old and 34 women 42.4 ± 17.7 years old) and 17 patients (5 men 48.4 ± 10.9 years old and 12 women 33.7 ± 9.9 years old) with axial LBP.MethodsParticipants performed the WPR test with 2 inertial sensors placed on the thoracic spine and sacrum. Relative angles between the sensors were calculated to quantify and examine lumbar motion in 3 anatomical planes: axial twist, kyphosis‐lordosis, and lateral bending.Main Outcome MeasuresGeneral motor patterns during the WPR test in healthy participants were examined, stratified based on age, and changes based on age were analyzed. Motor patterns of LBP patients were compared with those from the healthy group.ResultsMovement in the kyphosis‐lordosis and lateral bending axes showed little variation in healthy participants, whereas in the axial twist axis there were 2 dominant patterns. A χ
2 test revealed that the distributions of 2 motor patterns in the axial twist axis between the younger group and the older group were significantly different (P < .05). Furthermore, the older group had decreased lordosis at the static position (P = .02) and at the maximal rotating position (P = .03). Compared with the healthy group, LBP patients showed increasing lateral bending at the maximal rotating position (P = .007) and increased lateral bending excursion angle (P = .04) during the WPR test.ConclusionsA general lumbar motor pattern was observed during the WPR test in the healthy participants, but age contributed to variations in this general pattern. Comparison of motor patterns between healthy individuals and LBP patients revealed a different type of variation in the LBP patients. The results presented should be scrutinized with further research, characterizing specific variations in different subgroups of LBP patients.Level of EvidenceIII
Growing a Nature Kindergarten That Can Flourish
Authors: Elliot Enid , Krusekopf Frances 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGrowing a nature kindergarten that can flourish takes a community, careful planning, and sustained support. In 2011, the Sooke School District in British Columbia, Canada undertook the project of creating a nature kindergarten when outdoor programs of this kind did not exist in the Canadian public school system. Inspired by the well-established forest school and nature preschool models in northern Europe, a program to take 22 kindergarten students outside into nature every morning, regardless of the weather, was developed. This article explores how a unique framework and set of guiding principles were co-created by a diverse advisory committee. It also describes how the hiring, education, and ongoing support of the program's two educators — a kindergarten teacher and an early childhood educator — became critical to its success. The article offers an overview on steps taken, including how the idea was born, working within the public school system, building a framework and principles, hiring and education, preparing the educators, learning from our first year, ongoing support, and remaining questions. The authors’ intention is not to articulate best practices, but to share key aspects of the program's development and implementation phases that allowed the nature kindergarten to thrive over the last 5 years.
La société civile, juge des droits de l’homme: à propos du Tribunal International Monsanto
Authors: LE BRIS CATHERINE 
Published: July 2018

RésuméFruit de la société civile, le Tribunal International Monsanto a siégé à la Haye en octobre 2016. Dans son “avis consultatif” du 18 avril 2017, ce tribunal d’opinion apprécie juridiquement les comportements de Monsanto au regard des droits à un environnement sain, à l’alimentation, à la santé, à la liberté scientifique ainsi qu’à l’aune des crimes de guerre et d’écocide. Le présent article se propose d’examiner le contenu de cet avis, tout en le replaçant dans le contexte juridique international. Dans la mesure où l’entreprise Monsanto n’a pas pris part au débat, la question du procès équitable est, dans un premier temps, examinée, tant son implication sur le fond peut être déterminante. Concernant l’avis lui-même, la position du Tribunal est en demi-teinte: alors qu’il est sans appel s’agissant des atteintes aux droits de l’homme par Monsanto, il est plus réservé, en l’état du droit positif, pour ce qui est relatif aux violations des normes internationales pénales. Dans ce contexte, le Tribunal propose deux mesures pour rééquilibrer l’ordre juridique international, à savoir, d’une part, hiérarchiser celui-ci au profit des droits de l’homme et, d’autre part, faire des entreprises des débiteurs directs des obligations internationales découlant de ces droits.
Robust features of a turbulent boundary layer subjected to high-intensity free-stream turbulence
Authors: Hearst R. Jason , Dogan Eda , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram 
Published: July 2018

The influence of the large scale organisation of free-stream turbulence on a turbulent boundary layer is investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel through hot-wire measurements. An active grid is used to generate high-intensity free-stream turbulence with turbulence intensities and local turbulent Reynolds numbers in the ranges $7.2\,\%\leqslant u_{\infty }^{\prime }/U_{\infty }\leqslant 13.0\,\%$ and $302\leqslant Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},\infty }\leqslant 760$, respectively. In particular, several cases are produced with fixed $u_{\infty }^{\prime }/U_{\infty }$ and $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706},\infty }$, but up to a 65 % change in the free-stream integral scale $L_{u,\infty }/\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$. It is shown that, while qualitatively the spectra at various wall-normal positions in the boundary layer look similar, there are quantifiable differences at the large wavelengths all the way to the wall. Nonetheless, profiles of the longitudinal statistics up to fourth order are well collapsed between cases at the same $u_{\infty }^{\prime }/U_{\infty }$. It is argued that a larger separation of the integral scale would not yield a different result, nor would it be physically realisable. Comparing cases across the wide range of turbulence intensities and free-stream Reynolds numbers tested, it is demonstrated that the near-wall spectral peak is independent of the free-stream turbulence, and seemingly universal. The outer peak was also found to be described by a set of global scaling laws, and hence both the near-wall and outer spectral peaks can be predicted a priori with only knowledge of the free-stream spectrum, the boundary layer thickness ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}$) and the friction velocity ($U_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$). Finally, a conceptual model is suggested that attributes the increase in $U_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$ as $u_{\infty }^{\prime }/U_{\infty }$ increases to the build-up of energy at large wavelengths near the wall because that energy cannot be transferred to the universal near-wall spectral peak.
PETITIONS AND PATHWAYS TO THE ASYLUM IN BRITISH MANDATE PALESTINE, 1930–1948
Authors: WILSON CHRIS 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article draws on a collection of petitions by Palestinian Arabs and Jews to explore how families negotiated the admission of mentally ill relatives into government mental institutions under the British mandate between 1930 and 1948. In contrast to the conclusions of the existing literature, which focuses largely on the development of parallel Jewish institutions as establishing the foundations of the Israeli health system, these petitions reveal that the trajectories of both Arab and Jewish mentally ill were complex, traversing domestic, private, and government contexts in highly contingent ways. The second part of this article examines the petitions themselves as dense moments of engagement by Palestinian Arabs and Jews with the British mandate, in which the anxieties and priorities of the mandate were strategically re-deployed in order to secure admission into chronically underfunded and overcrowded institutions. Petitioners also sought to mobilize other actors, often within the state itself, as intercessors, a strategy which attempted to thread together state and society in a meaningful and advantageous way at a time when both seemed to be unravelling. Taken together, these pathways and petitions foreground the space of interaction between the British mandate and its subjects, thereby offering new perspectives on both.
The Body–Mind Challenge: Theology and phenomenology in Bengal-Vaishnavisms
Authors: SARBADHIKARY SUKANYA 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent studies of Asian religious traditions have critiqued Western philosophical understandings of mind–body dualism and furthered the productive notion of mind–body continuum. Based on intensive fieldwork among two kinds of devotional groups of Bengal—claimants to an orthodox Vaishnavism, who focus on participating in the erotic sports of the Hindu deity-consort Radha-Krishna in imagination and a quasi-tantric group, which claims to physically apprehend Radha-Krishna's erotic pleasures through direct sexual experience—I demonstrate that, although these devotional groups stress on combating theologies, with emphases respectively on the ‘mind’ and the ‘body’, in their narrations of religious experiences, however, both groups allude to rarefied phenomenological states of cognition and embodiment. So, while influenced by ideas of (mental) ‘purity’ and (bodily) ‘actuality’, respectively, practices of both groups rely on similar states of mind–body continuum. So I argue that the mind–body complex has intensely nuanced articulations in the discursive and experiential domains of these non-Western religious contexts. Through my analyses of the texts and embodiments of these opposed devotional groups, I show that theology gets both organically entangled with as well as challenged by phenomenological experiences. I further argue that explorations in the tenor of religious studies sharply enrich the anthropology of religiosities. Also, such engagements between theology and anthropology have been relatively lacking and need more emphasis in studies of contemporary South Asian religions.
PEASANT SOCIETY IN JAPAN'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON RURAL LABOUR AND FINANCE MARKETS
Authors: Tanimoto Masayuki 
Published: July 2018

This study aims to discuss the significant role of “peasant society” in understanding the economic history of both modern and early modern Japan.Independent peasant households proliferated in Japan in the seventeenth century, and from around the turn of the eighteenth century onwards they underwent a transformation into entities calledie,which owned family properties and bore responsibility for conveying these properties to the next generation. Although the development of the market economy also contributed to maintaining and activating the peasant society, the function of the labour market was strongly influenced by the strategy of peasant households to pursue the optimal utilization of slack labour generated by the seasonally fluctuating labour demand from agriculture. Under these constraints, peasant households tended to deliver non-agricultural employment opportunities to their members, forming a kind of barrier against mobilizing family workers outside the household. These barriers were supported by region-based industrial development such as a weaving industry adopting the putting-out system most suitable to the requirements of peasant households. Rural-based capital accumulation together with the workings of the regional financial markets contributed to maintaining particular peasant household behaviours by supporting region-based industrial development, which featured in Japan's path of economic and social development from the early modern to the modern period.
The role of abiotic factors on both mango infestation and Sternochetus mangiferae abundances in mango agroecosystems in Benin
Authors: Dassou Anicet G. , Gnanvossou Désiré , Hanna Rachid , Bokonon-Ganta Aimé H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo develop management strategies for the mango seed weevil (Sternochetus mangiferae), we surveyed infestation levels of the pest in three agroecological zones of Benin and determined the influences of abiotic factors on mango infestation levels and population dynamics in mango orchards at IITA-Benin from 2009 to 2011. We collected immature and mature fruits from the canopy and fallen fruits from under the canopy from three randomly selected trees per cultivar, per orchard. Samples were examined to determine the number of the mango seed weevil eggs to adults during the rainy seasons of three years of the study. Our results show that the highest abundance of both the weevil and its eggs was from March to May of each year. In the first year of sampling, the cultivar Eldon was more infested than the other two cultivars, while during the second and third years, the cultivar Alphonse was most infested. The occurrence of the weevil was almost nil in the hot agroecological zones, while for the mango cultivars of IITA-Benin the percentage of infested fruit increased or decreased according to the studied variables, such as temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. We found that the period from March to May with low temperatures and high rainfall was favourable to the population increase of mango seed weevils. We discuss possible implications of our findings for the management of the pest.
Enforcing the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive in Ireland: Evolution of the Standard of Judicial Review
Authors: Ryall Áine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe specific characteristics of each national system of judicial review reflect the indigenous legal framework and well-established administrative culture. It is necessary, therefore, to contextualize judicial review against the background of the idiosyncrasies of the local legal and administrative systems and what the national system regards as ‘unlawful’ decision making. An analysis of the contemporary jurisprudence of the Irish courts – in the specific context of enforcement of environmental impact assessment law – reveals a complex web of principles, which continue to evolve and to be influenced by European Union (EU) law. The article maps the development of these principles and assesses whether the standard of review (or the intensity of scrutiny) applied by the Irish courts is compatible with the EU law principle of effective judicial protection.
Walnut Response to Multiple Exposures to Simulated Drift of Bispyribac-Sodium
Authors: Galla Mariano F. , Al-Khatib Kassim , Hanson Bradley D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA field study was established to evaluate symptoms, growth, yield, and nut quality of walnut trees subjected to multiple exposures of simulated bispyribac-sodium drift. Nut yield the year following simulated drift treatment was also evaluated because tissue differentiation for future fruiting position occurs in the prior season. Bispyribac-sodium was applied four times, at weekly intervals, at 0.5% and 3% of the use rate in rice (45 g ai ha-1). Injury from the 0.5% rate exceeded 5% after three applications. In general, the severity of the symptoms peaked 14 d after last application (23% and 40% injury for 0.5% and 3% rate, respectively) and subsequently remained nearly constant over the duration of the study. Growth of shoots treated with the 0.5% rate was initially delayed during the treatment regime but recovered after treatments ended; however, walnut shoots exposed to the higher rate had fewer internodes than nontreated trees at the end of the season. No measurable reduction in walnut yield or average nut weight either in the year of exposure or in the subsequent year was observed. However, both rates negatively affected walnut kernel color in the year of exposure.
Magnetosonic Harmonic Falling and Rising Frequency Emissions Potentially Generated by Nonlinear Wave‐Wave Interactions in the Van Allen Radiation Belts
Authors: Liu Nigang , Su Zhenpeng , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Wang Shui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMagnetosonic waves play a potentially important role in the complex evolution of the radiation belt electrons. These waves typically appear as discrete emission lines along the proton gyrofrequency harmonics, consistent with the prediction of the local Bernstein mode instability of hot proton ring distributions. Magnetosonic waves are nearly dispersionless particularly at low harmonics and therefore have the roughly unchanged frequency time structures during the propagation. On the basis of Van Allen Probes observations, we here present the first report of magnetosonic harmonic falling and rising frequency emissions. They lasted for up to 2 hr and occurred primarily in the dayside plasmatrough following intense substorms. These harmonic emission lines were well spaced by the proton gyrofrequency but exhibited a clear falling (rising) frequency characteristic in a regime with the temporal increase (decrease) of the proton gyrofrequency harmonics. Such unexpected structures might be produced by the nonlinear interactions between the locally generated magnetosonic waves at the proton gyrofrequency harmonics and a constant frequency magnetosonic wave propagating away from the Earth.