bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EndoSheath use in flexible cystoscopy: a prospective evaluation of >1000 cases
Authors: Ratcliffe Lara , Birch Brian 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo investigate patient tolerability and safety (using urinary tract infection (UTI) as a proxy measure) following EndoSheath‐assisted flexible cystoscopy (eFC). EndoSheaths are single‐use, disposable sheaths used in FC. They reduce cystoscope turnaround times as complicated, time‐consuming and costly sterilisation is no longer necessary. This reduces patient waiting times as cystoscope idle time, the most common rate limiting step, is reduced.Patients and MethodsAll adult patients undergoing eFC over a 26‐month period at a single institution were evaluated prospectively. Post‐eFC, participants rated discomfort on a visual analogue scale (discomfort 1 = none, 2–4 = mild, 5–7 = moderate, 8–10 = severe). The diagnosis of UTI was broad and based on any one of patient self‐report, positive urine culture or antibiotic prescription within 30 days of eFC. Data were analysed using chi‐squared testing (P < 0.05, two‐tailed).ResultsOf the 1091 eFCs analysed, 33.2% and 48.2% of were ranked as causing no or mild discomfort, respectively, with just 3.1% ranked severe. Discomfort was greater in younger participants but similar between sexes. Overall, post‐eFC UTI incidence was 13.3%, with rates higher in females (18.1%) than males (11.2%). Participants aged ≥65 years reported a higher UTI rate (15.4%) than those aged <65 years (8.8%). No participants developed urosepsis.ConclusionThis large, prospective, unselected, real‐world study reports that eFC is well tolerated. UTI was higher in females than males, and in those aged ≥65 years, in line with other studies using the same broad based diagnostic criteria for UTI. The conclusion is that eFC is both well tolerated and safe.
The expression of contextual fear conditioning involves the dorsal hippocampus TRPV1 receptor interacting with the NMDA/NO/cGMP signalling pathway
Authors: Bertacchini Gabriela L. , Sonego Andreza B. , Lisboa Sabrina F. , Lagatta Davi C. , Resstel Leonardo B. M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe dorsal hippocampus (dHIP) is pivotal for learning, memory, and defensive responses. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors in the dHIP modulate contextual fear conditioning by triggering a cascade involving glutamate release, nitric oxide (NO) formation and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production. The present study investigated the involvement of dHIP TRPV1 receptors and their interaction with the glutamate/NO/cGMP signalling pathway in modulating the expression of contextual fear conditioning (CFC).Experimental ApproachMale Wistar rats were submitted to an aversive contextual conditioning session and, 48 h later, were re‐introduced to the same aversive environment where the freezing response and autonomic activity (evidenced by increased arterial pressure and heart rate and a decrease in tail temperature) were measured.Key ResultsThe results demonstrated that the TRPV1 antagonist 6‐I‐CPS in dHIP reduced the expression of CFC, whereas the agonist capsaicin had the opposite effect. Furthermore, dHIP pre‐treatment with an NMDA receptor antagonist (AP7), neuronal NO synthase inhibitor (N‐propyl‐L‐arginine), NO scavenger (c‐PTIO) or guanylate cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) attenuated capsaicin‐induced increases in CFC. Finally, we observed that re‐exposure to the aversive chamber increased dHIP NO levels in conditioned animals compared with a non‐conditioned group, which was prevented by the administration of the TRPV1 antagonist, 6‐I‐CPS.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur study revealed that TRPV1 receptors in the dHIP play a crucial role in modulating contextual fear expression by acting through the NMDA receptor/NO/cGMP signalling pathway, providing important insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues associated with these pathways.
Determinants of socioemotional and behavioral well‐being among First Nations children living off‐reserve in Canada: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Owais Sawayra , Ospina Maria B. , Ford Camron D. , Hill Troy , Lai Jessica , Krzeczkowski John , Burack Jacob A. , Van Lieshout Ryan J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFew studies have focused on off‐reserve Indigenous children and families. This nationally representative, cross‐sectional study (data collected from 2006 to 2007) examined Indigenous‐ and non‐Indigenous‐specific determinants associated with positive socioemotional and behavioral well‐being among First Nations children living off‐reserve in Canada. The parents or other caregivers of 2990 two‐to‐five‐year‐old children (M = 3.65; 50.6% male) reported on their children's socioemotional and behavioral well‐being and a range of child, parent, and housing characteristics. Being taught an Indigenous culture, greater community cohesion, caregiver nurturance, good parental/other caregiver health, and fewer household members were associated with better socioemotional and behavioral well‐being. These results highlight the importance of leveraging Indigenous‐specific determinants and acknowledging non‐Indigenous‐specific factors, to promote the well‐being of First Nations children living off‐reserve.
“This place is fake:” green capitalism and the production of scarcity in Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Shearer Samuel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article is about green capitalism, demolition, and the production of housing scarcity in Kigali, Rwanda. It follows Kiyovu cy'abakene—a real place that was near zero‐carbon, built with renewable resources, owned and operated by Kigali residents—as it was first reimagined as a rhetorical “slum” and then converted into an actual one by force. And it follows the design and construction of Batsinda Housing estate, a sustainable solution to a fictional “crisis” of inadequate housing in Kigali. Drawing on several years of ethnographic research, I argue that in Kigali, and many cities like it, the destruction of built environments is not only about local elites who wish to demolish “slums” or “informal settlements” to build “world‐class” luxury cities. The demolition of neighborhoods and the displacement of people who live there is also done in the service of making new markets for green commodities through the production of scarcity. To manufacture effective demand for green commodities while maintaining their monopoly over what constitutes “sustainable,” Kigali's international teams of managers and consultants must render alternative, ecologically sound, African‐owned neighborhoods and building technologies “unsustainable.”
The risk of inbreeding versus outbreeding depression in managing an endangered and locally adapted population of a sedentary bird
Authors: Walsh Grace , McMahon Barry J. , Thörn Filip , Rödin‐Mörch Patrik , Irestedt Martin , Höglund Jacob 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA debate in conservation genomics centers on whether to conserve small, fragmented populations independently or blend them through translocations from larger populations. Translocations of red grouse (Lagopus scotica) from Great Britain to supplement the Irish population have been suggested. We incorporate a variety of genetic datasets to address this. We used genome wide data from 23 contemporary and historic red grouse from Great Britain and Ireland. We also investigate microsatellite data, sequence candidate pigmentation genes, and assess phenotypic color variation. Genomic data indicate higher inbreeding in Irish grouse relative to an English population and significant divergence for genomic (FST = 0.095) and microsatellite (FST = 0.03) markers. Contemporary Ne was seven times smaller in the Irish population compared to the English. We identified divergent regions linked to pigmentation, immune response, and food intake. We show phenotypic differences in plumage color and sequence divergence among coding regions in the melanin pathway including MC1R (FST from genomic data of 0.3). The two populations thus appear locally adapted and this divergence between the source and target population when used for conservation translocations can swamp locally adapted alleles and/or introduce maladapted genotypes, leading to outbreeding depression. While it is important to avoid inbreeding by sustaining larger populations, our research emphasizes the need for practitioners to consider population divergence and local adaptation. We advocate against translocations between Ireland and Britain as a conservation strategy in this particular case and underscore the importance of prioritizing local populations where possible.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled first‐in‐human study of oral TQS‐168 in healthy volunteers: Assessment of safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and food effect
Authors: Hannestad Jonas , Smith Steven , Lam Andrew , Hurt Janet , Harada Nicole , Kim Richard , Das Abhirup , Brunello Juliana , Whitaker Gareth , Chalmers David , Senjoti Faria , Lin Wu , Coghill James , Bansal Yogesh , Sidhu Sharan , Zann Vanessa , Liu Enchi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTQS‐168, a first‐in‐class small‐molecule inducer of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha gene expression, is in development for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A single‐ascending‐dose (SAD) and multiple‐ascending‐dose (MAD) study of TQS‐168 was carried out in healthy male subjects to investigate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), food effect, and preliminary pharmacodynamic effects (PD). Since solubility enhancement could be beneficial, assessment of three formulations was incorporated into the study using an integrated rapid manufacturing and clinical testing approach. Dosing in the SAD part was initiated with a crystalline methylcellulose (MC) suspension, and then spray‐dried dispersion (SDD) and hot‐melt extrusion (HME) suspensions were evaluated. The HME and SDD formulations showed two and fourfold higher exposure than the MC suspension, respectively, and the SDD formulation was selected for progression to subsequent SAD and MAD cohorts, in which there was further investigation of the food effect on exposure in addition to assessments of safety, tolerability, PK, and PD. Cmax and AUC plasma exposures of TQS‐168 were supra‐proportional at higher doses, irrespective of formulation. Median Tmax for TQS‐168 occurred between 0.5 and 4.0 h post‐dose and occurred later with higher doses. Geometric mean half‐lives (T1/2) for TQS‐168 were independent of formulation and food, ranging from 3.2 to 10.5 h following single doses and 4.1 to 7.3 h following multiple doses. Food blunted TQS‐168 Cmax but had minimal impact on AUC. TQS‐168 was considered to be safe and generally well tolerated following single and multiple oral doses. The SDD formulation was selected for future patient studies.
Fine‐tuning of artificial intelligence managers' logic in a supply chain with competing retailers
Authors: Li Yue , Zhao Ruiqing , Li Xiang , Choi Tsan‐Ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractToday, with the advance of artificial intelligence, companies in the real world are using AI as managers to make operational decisions, who can respond quickly to market shocks and whose logic can be fine‐tuned to programmed pessimism/optimism, that is, underestimating/overestimating the market. The introduction of AI managers poses new challenges to supply chain management, and how to manage AI managers warrants further exploration. We investigate the optimal AI manager fine‐tuning strategies in a supply chain consisting of one manufacturer and two competing retailers, each operated by an AI manager in the face of an uncertain market shock. We establish the manufacturer–retailer AI manager fine‐tuning game, where the manufacturer and two retailers endogenously decide whether to fine‐tune their AI managers' logic. The market may suffer an uncertain shock, and once the shock occurs, the AI managers' logic settings and price decisions can be quickly adjusted. We find that the manufacturer would never fine‐tune the AI manager, while the retailers may fine‐tune their AI managers to programmed optimism. Notably, AI manager's fine‐tunability only benefits the retailers and harms the manufacturer, entire supply chain, consumers, and social welfare. To make AI manager's fine‐tunability beneficial to all participants, that is, to reach a win–win–win situation, we design two incentive mechanisms, retailer pessimism incentive mechanism and mutual pessimism incentive mechanism (MPIM), where MPIM can lead to the win–win–win situation. Further, we endogenize the compensation, endogenous retailer pessimism compensation and endogenous mutual pessimism compensation, both achieving the win–win–win outcome. We also make several extensions and provide suggestions for supply chain firms to fine‐tune their AI managers' logic.
Anatomical Significance of the Patent Foramen Ovale by Real‐Time 3D TEE in Cryptogenic Stroke and Migraine
Authors: Wang Li , Sun Haibo , Shen Han 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is the standard imaging modality for confirming the presence or absence of patent foramen ovale. PFO is a flap valve depending on the pressure change between the left and right atrium, which can help determine whether to open. 3D‐TEE was shown to optimize the visualization of PFO. There is a causal association between PFO and unexplained stroke. It seems that 3D‐TEE can present a high‐risk PFO morphological feature, which seems to show more than just being easier to open.MethodsIn total, 134 consecutive patients with cryptogenic stroke or migraine who had suspected PFO and underwent c‐TCD, TTE, and c‐TEE were included in this study. TEE confirmed the PFO. The right‐to‐left shunt (RLS) grade of PFO at rest and abdominal compression Valsalva maneuver was detected by c‐TEE.ResultsThe long diameter of FO (1.74 ± 0.3 vs. 1.60 ± 0.4, p = 0.039), the short diameter of FO (1.12 ± 0.3 vs. 1.00 ± 0.3, p = 0.036), perimeter of FO (4.62 ± 0.7 vs. 4.22 ± 1.0, p = 0.026), and area (1.80 ± 0.8 vs. 1.35 ± 0.8, p = 0.05) of the FO were significantly larger in the larger RLS group. In group of CS, a larger proportion of Eustachian valve or a Chiari's network (14.3% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.036), a larger proportion of in the left funnelform (55.1% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.001), a longer length of the PFO tunnel (13.4 ± 4.4 vs. 7.8 ± 2.5, p < 0.001), a lower IVC‐PFO angle (16.4 ± 3.4 vs. 20.3 ± 7.7, p = 0.001), a higher proportion of LA multiple exits of the tunnel (46.9% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that male gender (HR: 4.026, 95% CI: 0.883–18.361, p = 0.072), age (HR: 1.076, 95% CI: 1.002–1.155, p = 0.045), the left funnelform (HR: 7.299, 95% CI: 1.585–33.618, p = 0.011), a longer length of the PFO tunnel (HR: 1.843, 95% CI: 1.404–2.418, p < 0.001) and multiple exits of the tunnel of LA (HR: 8.544, 95% CI: 1.595–45.754, p = 0.012) increased the risk of cerebral infarction. The cut‐off value calculated by ROC for the diagnosis of high‐risk PFO was that the length of the PFO tunnel was 12 mm and the left funnelform combined with multiple exits of the left atrial (sensitivity was 92%, specificity was 90%). The area under the curve of the combined index versus PoPE score (0.932 vs. 0.736) relative to the RoPE score was statistically significant.ConclusionsTEE has shown outstanding advantages in displaying the specific morphological characteristics of PFO. The left funnelform, a longer length of the PFO tunnel, and multiple exits of the tunnel of LA are associated with an increasing risk of CS in anatomical PFO respect.
Unveiling the Genetic and Clinical Differences of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in Obese Patients
Authors: Yalniz Fevzi F. , Johnson Anna , Alnimer Yanal , Chahine Zena , Morris Trevor , Yadav Rina , Taj Hiffsa , Iragavarapu Chaitanya , Munker Reinhold , Monohan Gregory , Wai Sainan , Zhang Shulin , Nozad Sahar , Qasrawi Ayman 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe molecular architecture of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is heterogeneous. Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for the development of AML. There remains a scarcity of data elucidating the specific genetic profile of AML in obese patients.MethodsWe conducted a review of adult patients treated at our institution for newly diagnosed AML from January 1, 2017, to January 1, 2023. Obesity is defined as BMI > 30 kg/m2. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and pathologic data were collected retrospectively. The primary outcome of interest was the molecular features of obese compared to non‐obese AML patients. The secondary outcome was overall survival (OS). Inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) used to balance both groups on several confounding variables.ResultsA total of 185 patients were included in the analysis. 90 (49%) were obese. Compared with non‐obese patients, obese patients were younger and more likely to be females (55 vs. 63, p = 0.04, 55% vs. 38%, p value, p = 0.02, respectively). After matching on age, gender, and ethnicity, obese patients exhibit lower rates of total number of gene mutations (median 2.7 vs. 3.2, p = 0.05), significantly lower rates of mutations in transcriptional factor genes (15.7% vs. 33.2%, p = 0.01), and near‐significant in spliceosome genes (12% vs. 22.3%, p = 0.08), and higher rates of NPM1 mutation (23.3% vs. 12.6%, p = 0.08). Median OS was not significantly different in the matched cohort.ConclusionsThe molecular features of obese AML patients significantly differ from non‐obese counterparts. These findings suggest distinct underlying mechanisms in leukemogenesis in obese patients.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Refractory Multiple Myeloma—A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Richardson T. , Kobbe G. , Fenk R. , Schroeder T. , Crysandt M. , Neuerburg C. , Holderried Tobias A.W. , Schütte D. , Gödel P. , Hallek M. , Scheid C. , Holtick U. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA growing list of therapies available for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) results in deep response rates, but eventually almost all patients relapse. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) is a familiar approach for MM, but responses are often short and side effects burdensome. Simultaneously, allo‐SCT provides a unique platform on which novel immune therapies can be employed to improve clinical outcomes. Our work describes the characteristics and outcomes of 128 refractory myeloma patients who underwent allo‐SCT at five German centers between 2010 and 2021. The median number of therapies before the transplant was 6. With a median follow‐up of 6, 4 years, the median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 7 and 19 months, respectively. NRM was 28% after 6 years. OS and PFS were 61% and 45% at 1 year, 49% and 34% at 2 years, and 38% and 25% at 6 years. Achieving a CR before transplant was the single most significant variable before transplant. Allo‐SCT yet remains an option for fit patient's refractory to all other treatments available. It is potentially curative for a subset of patients. Finding the characteristics of patients with durable remissions is key to sparing unnecessary toxicity for those unlikely to benefit.
A survey of ocular pathology in Warmblood horses in South Africa
Authors: Allen Ramona , Goodhead Antony D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundWarmblood horses are a popular breed around the world for equestrian sports. Previous studies have investigated ocular findings in other breeds of horses; however, no studies exist for the Warmblood breed.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities in a convenience sample of Warmblood horses in South Africa and to determine if the prevalence of lens and chorioretinal lesions increase with age.Study designDescriptive, observational study.MethodsWarmblood horses underwent a full ophthalmic examination which included a Schirmer tear test (STT), tonometry, fluorescein dye testing, slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Age was categorised into three groups namely <8 years old, 8–13 years old and 14+ years old for statistical analysis. Prevalence of lens and chorioretinal lesions were compared between age categories.ResultsOne hundred and four horses (208 eyes) were examined. The age range was 5 months to 30 years (mean 11 years, standard deviation [SD] 6 years). Ocular pathology was noted in 125 eyes (60.1%) and 79 horses (76%). The highest number of lesions were noted in the choroid and retina, iris and lens. Chorioretinal lesions were seen in 100 eyes (48.1%) and in 65 horses (62.5%). Iridial lesions were seen in 19 eyes (9.1%) and 12 horses (11.5%). Cataracts were seen in 19 eyes (9.1%) and in 13 horses (12.5%). The presence of total chorioretinal lesions (eye level [p = 0.002]; horse level [p = 0.004]), focal chorioretinal lesions (eye level [p = 0.004]; horse level [p = 0.008]) and cataract (eye [p = 0.03]; horse level [p = 0.02]) were all shown to statistically increase with age.Main limitationsA small sample size and limited geographic area.ConclusionsThere was a high prevalence of ocular pathology in this population of Warmblood horses in South Africa. This reiterates the importance of an ocular examination as a part of routine health checks, as well as during prepurchase examinations.
Quantifying head and withers movement asymmetry in sound and naturally forelimb lame horses trotting on a circle on hard and soft surfaces
Authors: Taddey Caroline M. , Roecken Michael , Kreling Kai M. , Cruz Antonio M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundReliable lameness thresholds for vertical head displacement for trotting on a circular path and on different surfaces have yet to be defined. Withers movement in lame horses could help improve the diagnostic accuracy of sensor technology.ObjectivesTo define head movement lameness threshold ranges and describe the relationship between head and withers movement during trotting under different circumstances in sound and forelimb lame horses.Study designRetrospective analysis of clinical data and comparison with control group.MethodsFifty‐five sound and thirty‐four naturally lame horses were trotted under field conditions on a hard surface on a straight line and on both directions on soft and hard surfaces. Movement asymmetry was analysed by measuring differences in displacement minima for head and withers using an inertial measurement unit sensor‐based gait analysis system. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to define threshold ranges. Relationships between head and withers data were identified by calculating the correlation with linear regression analysis.ResultsEstimated lameness threshold values for vertical head movement asymmetry ranged from 11.5 to 12.5 mm. On both surfaces, a head movement asymmetry threshold range from 24.5 to 26.5 mm could be found for the circle. Lame horses showed significant correlations between head and withers movement on hard ground straight line (R2 0.714, p < 0.001) and inner leg lame horses on the lunge (R2 0.915, p < 0.001).Main limitationsDifferent sources of lameness were not distinguished. Radius and speed during lungeing could not be perfectly controlled. Inclusion in the sound group was based on a subjective examination by one clinician and in the lame group two clinicians subjectively determined inner and outer leg lameness creating an extra amount of uncertainty.ConclusionsLameness thresholds for quantifying head movement asymmetry on the lunge were proposed. A significant correlation was observed between head and withers movement asymmetry under several conditions.