bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Racialized Nature of Child Welfare Policies and the Social Control of Black Bodies
Authors: Harp Kathi L H , Bunting Amanda M 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBlack women are disproportionately involved in the child welfare system. This state-level intervention occurs at two levels—a higher likelihood of being (i) screened for drug use during pregnancy and (ii) reported to child welfare authorities after delivery. Consequently, they face further enmeshment in state-systems, including custody loss and lower reunification odds. Using evidence from the past forty years of research and media reports, we argue that systemic forces and policies largely contribute to racial disproportionality in the child welfare system, and assert this state intervention serves as a mechanism to control black reproduction.
Publicizing the (In)visible? Celebrities, Anti-Human Trafficking Activism, and Feminist Ideologies
Authors: Majic Samantha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article examines celebrities’ anti-human trafficking activism from 2000 to 2016 to interpret how they use their fame and personal experiences to publicize feminist issues. Drawing from an original dataset, I argue first that celebrities represent human trafficking in ways that circulate various feminist ideologies. Next, I juxtapose Ashley Judd and Jada Pinkett Smith to examine how individual celebrities adopt, reflect, and complicate these representations and ideologies, arguing here that celebrities variously deploy their personal stories to challenge and reinforce race and gender hierarchies. The conclusion considers this research’s broader implications for understanding celebrities, feminism, and policy debates.
Case Report: Corneal Ulceration from Bilateral Ectropion Due to Congenital Ichthyosis
Authors: Vollmer Lori , Sowka Joseph 
Published: September 2019

SIGNIFICANCE
Ichthyosis is a group of heterogenous inherited skin disorders characterized by abnormal cornification and keratinization of the skin. Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis presents with severe lagophthalmos and cicatricial ectropion of both upper and lower lids. Chronic corneal exposure from lid abnormalities may lead to ulcerative keratitis or corneal perforation.

PURPOSE
The case highlights a rarely seen condition that presents with potentially serious ocular complications and vision loss. Corneal complications may be avoided or managed with moisture goggles, corneal vaulting with scleral lenses, topical therapeutics, amniotic membrane, and surgical lid repair.

CASE REPORT
A 25-year-old woman presented with a painful right eye for 1 week. She had a medical history of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Her ocular adnexa revealed bilateral lagophthalmos and cicatricial ectropion of both upper and lower lids. The slit lamp of examination revealed an injected eye with corneal ulcer with hypopyon in the right eye and quiet eye with corneal scarring in the left eye. The patient was treated with topical moxifloxacin and polymyxin B sulfate/trimethoprim as well as in-office homatropine 5% in the right eye. The keratitis was treated to resolution, and the patient referred for consultation on lid repair.

CONCLUSIONS
Chronic corneal exposure from autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis may lead to severe dry eye, ulcerative keratitis, or perforation. Patients should be monitored carefully for corneal disease, educated on methods and devices to protect the corneal surface, and referred for surgical repair if indicated. Although rare, this condition presents unique findings that may be visually devastating. Awareness of the condition, as well as the various clinical presentations and appropriate management necessary, will prove beneficial to the patient.
Application of Topographical Keratoconus Detection Metrics to Eyes of Individuals with Down Syndrome
Authors: Marsack Jason D. , Benoit Julia S. , Kollbaum Pete S. , Anderson Heather A. 
Published: September 2019

SIGNIFICANCE
The challenges associated with clinical assessment of individuals with Down syndrome contribute to a wide range of estimates on the prevalence of keratoconus in the Down syndrome population. This work focuses on two topographical indices previously identified with keratoconus detection, applying them to a topographical data set meeting strict sampling criteria.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to quantify the level of keratoconus-like topographical morphology in a large sample of eyes from individuals with Down syndrome, as identified by two keratoconus detection metrics: inferior-superior dioptric asymmetry (I-S) and KISA%. Severity of the asymmetry was also cast within the context of established Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus study disease severity classification criteria.

METHODS
Corneal topography data on both eyes of 140 subjects with Down syndrome and 138 control subjects were collected. Both I-S and KISA% were calculated from the topography data of eyes with sufficient sampling. Steep and flat keratometry data are reported for subjects with measurements on both eyes in the context of values recorded by the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus study in frank keratoconus to examine within-eye and between-eye asymmetry and severity.

RESULTS
Keratoconus detection thresholds were exceeded in 20.8% of the eyes of subjects with Down syndrome and 2.2% of the eyes of controls using I-S and 11.8% of the eyes of subjects with Down syndrome and 0.0% of the eyes of controls using KISA%. Examination of the level of intraeye difference between flat and steep keratometry data for individuals with Down syndrome detected as having corneal morphology consistent with moderate keratoconus yields an average of 1.81 D of toricity, whereas the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus study reported 3.28 D of toricity.

CONCLUSIONS
Morphology consistent with keratoconus as codified in the detection metrics I-S and KISA% is present in a large percentage of the eyes of individuals with Down syndrome. Differences were observed in the distribution of severity of corneal morphology in individuals with Down syndrome and the keratoconus population at large.
Establishing the role of SINE proteins in regulating stomatal dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Biel Alecia , Moser Morgan , Meier Iris 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStomatal movement, which regulates gas exchange in plants, is controlled by a variety of environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic stresses. The stress hormone ABA initiates a signaling cascade, which leads to increased H2O2 and Ca2+ levels and F-actin reorganization, but the mechanism of, and connection between, these events is unclear. SINE1, an outer nuclear envelope component of a plant Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, associates with F-actin and is, along with its paralog SINE2, expressed in guard cells. Here, we have determined that Arabidopsis SINE1 and SINE2 play an important role in stomatal regulation. We show that SINE1 and SINE2 are required for stomatal opening and closing. Loss of SINE1 or SINE2 results in ABA hyposensitivity and impaired stomatal dynamics but does not affect stomatal closure induced by the bacterial elicitor flg22. The ABA-induced stomatal closure phenotype is, in part, attributed to impairments in Ca2+ and F-actin regulation. Together, the data suggest that SINE1 and SINE2 act downstream of ABA but upstream of Ca2+ and F-actin. While there is a large degree of functional overlap between the two proteins, there are also critical differences. Our study makes an unanticipated connection between stomatal regulation and a novel class of nuclear envelope proteins, and adds two new players to the increasingly complex system of guard cell regulation.
Factors that influence the thymic selection of CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes
Authors: Kurd Nadia S. , Hoover Ashley , Yoon Jaewon , Weist Brian M. , Robey Ellen A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThymocytes bearing αβ T cell receptors (TCRαβ) with high affinity for self-peptide-MHC complexes undergo negative selection or are diverted to alternate T cell lineages, a process termed agonist selection. Among thymocytes bearing TCRs restricted to MHC class I, agonist selection can lead to the development of precursors that can home to the gut and give rise to CD8αα-expressing intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD8αα IELs). The factors that influence the choice between negative selection versus CD8αα IEL development remain largely unknown. Using a synchronized thymic tissue slice model that supports both negative selection and CD8αα̣IEL development, we show that the affinity threshold for CD8αα IEL development is higher than for negative selection. We also investigate the impact of peptide presenting cells and cytokines, and the migration patterns associated with these alternative cell fates. Our data highlight the roles of TCR affinity and the thymic microenvironments on T cell fate.
Escalating protein supersaturation underlies inclusion formation in muscle proteinopathies
Authors: Ciryam Prajwal , Antalek Matthew , Cid Fernando , Tartaglia Gian Gaetano , Dobson Christopher M. , Guttsches Anne-Katrin , Eggers Britta , Vorgerd Matthias , Marcus Katrin , Kley Rudolf A. , Morimoto Richard I. , Vendruscolo Michele , Weihl Conrad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAbundant, aggregation prone or “supersaturated” proteins are a feature of neurodegeneration. Whether the principle of supersaturation can similarly explain the widespread aggregation that occurs in non-neuronal protein conformational disorders and underlies pathogenic protein aggregate formation is not established. To test this prediction we analyzed proteomic datasets of biopsies from genetic and acquired protein aggregate myopathy (PAM) patients by quantifying the changes in composition, concentration and aggregation propensity of proteins in the fibers containing inclusions and those surrounding them. We found that similar to neurodegeneration, a supersaturated subproteome of aggregate prone proteins is present in skeletal muscle from healthy patients. This subproteome escalates in degree of supersaturation as proteomic samples are taken more proximal to the pathologic inclusion, eventually exceeding its solubility limits and aggregating. While most supersaturated proteins decrease or maintain steady abundance across healthy fibers and inclusion containing fibers, supersaturated proteins within the aggregate subproteome rise in abundance, suggesting they escape normal regulation. We show in the context of a human conformational disorder that the level of supersaturation of a metastable subproteome helps to explain widespread aggregation and correlates with the histopathological state of the tissue.SignificanceIncreasing evidence implicates the phenomenon of protein supersaturation with the selective vulnerability of specific cells to protein misfolding disorders. Quantitative studies of this phenomenon, however, have only been possible post mortem in the case of neurodegenerative diseases. To overcome this limitation, we study here protein aggregate myopathies (PAMs), for which we were able to carry out systematic single fiber proteomic studies on patient-derived samples. We found not only that proteins associated with PAM inclusions are highly supersaturated in muscle but also that their supersaturation levels increases further in affected fibers. These results provide a clear illustration of how an escalation in supersaturation leads protein inclusions in vulnerable cells.
An environmental DNA tool for monitoring the status of the Critically Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish, Pristis pectinata, in the Western Atlantic
Authors: Lehman Ryan N. , Poulakis Gregg R. , Scharer Rachel M. , Schweiss Katherine E. , Hendon Jill M. , Phillips Nicole M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Critically Endangered Smalltooth Sawfish, Pristis pectinata, was once widespread in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean, but following substantial declines over the past century, the core population is currently confined to southwest Florida in the U.S. and the Bahamas. Recent research and verified public encounter reports suggests that this core population may be stabilizing and, potentially, expanding into formerly occupied areas of their historic range in the Western Atlantic; however, the status of this species in non-core waters is not well understood. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods provide a relatively cost effective and rapid assessment tool for monitoring species occurrence in aquatic habitats. Here, we have developed an eDNA tool: a species-specific Droplet Digital™ PCR (ddPCR™) assay targeting a 100-base pair portion of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene in P. pectinata, with the ability to reliably detect as little as 0.25 pg of target DNA. The assay was validated by collecting and analyzing a water sample from known P. pectinata nursery habitat in Florida, which was found to contain an average of 11.54 copies of target DNA/µL (SE = 0.72) in the reaction. The assay was then further tested by placing a juvenile sawfish in an ex situ tank and analyzing water samples collected at time intervals. The implementation of this eDNA tool into field surveys will provide additional, reliable data to assess species recovery and aid in prioritizing localities beyond the core range in which to focus research and education initiatives.
Application of long-interval paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to motion-sensitive visual cortex does not lead to changes in motion perception
Authors: Arana Olga Lucia Gamboa , Brito Alexandra , Abzug Zachary , D’Arbeloff Tracy , Beynel Lysianne , Wing Erik A. , Dannhauer Moritz , Palmer Hannah , Hilbig Susan A. , Crowell Courtney A. , Donaldson Rachel , Cabeza Roberto , Davis Simon W. , Peterchev Angel V. , Sommer Marc A. , Appelbaum Lawrence G. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe perception of visual motion is dependent on a set of occipitotemporal regions which are readily accessible to neuromodulation. Previous studies using paired-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (ppTMS) have provided evidence of the capacity of this type of protocols to modulate cognitive processes. To test whether such cortical modulation can be observed in the visual system, particularly during motion perception, ppTMS was applied to the occipital cortex using both scalp-based and meta-analytic targeting coordinates. In this within-subject, sham-controlled study, fifteen subjects completed two sessions in two consecutive weeks. On the first visit, subject-specific resting motor threshold (RMT) was determined and participants performed an adaptive motion discrimination task to determine individual motion sensitivity. During the second visit, subjects performed the same task with three individualized difficulty levels as two TMS pulses were delivered respectively −150 and −50 ms prior to motion stimulus onset at 120% RMT, under the logic that the cumulative inhibitory effect of these two pulses would alter motion sensitivity as measured by the individually calibrated task. The ppTMS was delivered at one of two locations: 3 cm dorsal and 5 cm lateral to inion (scalp-based coordinate), or at the site of peak activation for “motion” according to the NeuroSynth fMRI database (meta-analytic coordinate). Sham stimulation was delivered on one-third of trials and evenly between the two targets. Analyses showed no significant active-versus-sham effects of ppTMS when stimulation was delivered to the meta-analytic (p = 0.15) or scalp-based coordinates (p = 0.17), which were separated by 29 mm on average. Additionally, there was no was significant interaction between ppTMS at either location and task difficulty level (p = 0.12 and p = 0.33, respectively). These findings fail to support the hypothesis that long-interval ppTMS recruits inhibitory processes in motion-sensitive cortex, but must be considered within the limits of the current design choices.HIGHLIGHTSLong-interval paired-pulse TMS was applied to visual cortex during a motion taskThe ppTMS was delivered according to scalp and meta-analytic coordinates, as well as shamNo effects of active-versus-sham stimulation were observed on motion task performance
Abusive supervision, co-worker abuse and work outcomes: procedural justice as a mediator
Authors: Ramdeo Shalini , Singh Riann 
Published: September 2019

PurposeBased on the social exchange theory and the reactance theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of workplace abuse from two sources. The study explores the linkage between abusive supervision and co-worker abuse on the targeted employee’s organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior and intention to quit as mediated by procedural justice. Furthermore, this study extends understanding workplace abuse consequences by investigating its effects on organizational citizenship behavior directed to individuals and organizational citizenship behavior directed to the organization.Design/methodology/approachTo test the proposed hypotheses, a cross-sectional research design was used. The sample comprised 500 employees working in various private and public sector organizations in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Using a split-sample approach, mediation analyses were performed on the test and validation samples.FindingsThe research results showed that procedural justice mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and affective and normative commitment, organizational citizenship behavior directed to individuals and intention to quit. Procedural justice was found to mediate the relationship between co-worker abuse and affective and normative commitment, and intention to quit.Originality/valueThis study extends previous academic studies on workplace abuse by comparing the effects of abusive supervision and the lesser researched source of co-worker abuse on the targeted employee’s organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior and intention to quit. It also reports on the effects of each source on an employee’s organizational citizenship behavior directed to individuals and organizational citizenship behavior directed to the organization, as there is limited empirical research within the workplace abuse literate on these two dimensions.
Comparison of visual (MUNSELL) and instrumental measures (CIELAB) of coloured textile standard samples
Authors: Roy Choudhury Asim Kumar , Naskar Biswajit 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to compare visual (Munsell) and instrumental (CIELAB) attributes of SCOTDIC colour standards.Design/methodology/approachSCOTDIC cotton and polyester standards of defined hue, value and chroma were subjected to spectrophotometric assessment for finding the corresponding instrumental parameters. The visual and instrumental parameters were compared.FindingsThe correlation between SCOTDIC value and CIELAB lightness is quite high. Correlation coefficient between SCOTDIC hue and CIELAB hue angle and the correlation between SCOTDIC chroma and CIELAB chroma were only moderate because the CIELAB chroma varied widely at higher chroma. When the standards of SCOTDIC hues having erratic hue angles at two extremes are excluded, the Correlation coefficients between SCOTDIC hue and CIELAB hue angle become high.Research limitations/implicationsThe psychophysical data (visual) are difficult to match with physical data (instrumental).Originality/valueThe object of the present research is to study and compare visual (Munsell) and instrumental (CIELAB) colorimetric parameters. Munsell scale is physically exemplified by SCOTDIC fabric samples available in two sets, namely, cotton and polyester sets.
Collaborative governance in tourism: lessons from Etorkizuna Eraikiz in the Basque Country, Spain
Authors: Barandiarán Xabier , Restrepo Natalia , Luna Álvaro 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine through a case study how the creation of collaborative spaces between local stakeholders can foster decision-making and collective development of projects that improve the governance of tourism destinations and their sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focuses on the analysis of a case study based on the Etorkizuna Eraikiz (Building the Future) programme developed in the Gipuzkoa region located in the Basque Country, Spain. The programme is based on a strategy that seeks to institutionalize a new model of collaborative governance in the long term through the co-design of public policies involving stakeholders of the territory. Through the description and analysis of the results achieved so far, the paper presents the implications of this public programme for the design of policies.FindingsEtorkizuna Eraikiz emerges as a model to develop an exercise of active experimentation. The analysis of this collaborative governance process has derived in practices and agendas promoted by a variety of agents within the region. The programme has important implications for the formulation of public policies in the field of tourism through the creation of formal interaction spaces and the implementation of projects in support of tourism development (Tourist Eco-tax and information and communication technology tools).Originality/valueThis paper provides a contemporary approach to the practices in governance within the context of tourism. This case study may be of interest to practitioners and researchers to adopt destination governance practices through the creation of collaborative spaces between local stakeholders. These practices can foster decision-making and the collective development of projects that impact and lead to better governance of tourism destinations and their sustainability.
The role of information technology applications in profitability
Authors: Madhukar Vikas , Sharma Deependra 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the role of information technology (IT) applications in the profitability of the Indian travel and tourism industry.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative research was conducted and an in-depth interview technique was applied for the collection of primary data. Traditional travel agents, tour operators, online travel agents and hoteliers in Gurgaon were investigated to explore issues pertaining to the study, and all responses were recorded and later transcribed. The identities of interviewees and their properties are not revealed to preserve confidentiality.

Findings
The analysis reveals that IT plays a significant role in the profitability of the tourism and travel industry. These include competitive pricing attained via dynamic pricing especially in the hotel industry, promotion and improved efficiency in rendering services to tourists and access to tourists virtually anywhere and at any time.

Practical implications
The findings have direct and indirect implications for different stakeholders – notably, travelers, owners and executives of businesses in the travel industry, as well as for researchers. Executives and owners can discern the critical implications of adopting IT to take their businesses to a new level. They should also be able to appreciate the fact that to remain competitive, practitioners must explore the potential opportunities emerging through IT.

Originality/value
Organizations in this sector are moving from traditional business models to more technologically dependent approaches. In particular, this study shows how the use of IT applications is influencing the profitability of the travel and tourism industry especially in India.