bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elafibranor interrupts adipose dysfunction-mediated gut and liver injury in mice with alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Li Tzu-Hao , Yang Ying-Ying , Huang Chia-Chang , Liu Chih-Wei , Tsai Hung-Cheng , Lin Ming-Wei , Tsai Chang-Youh , Huang Shiang-Fen , Wang Ying-Wen , Lee Tzung-Yan , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Hou Ming-Chih , Lin Han-Chieh 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Reversal of alcohol-induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α (PPARα) and PPARδ dysfunction has been reported to decrease the severity of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). Autophagy is essential for cell survival and tissue energy homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that alcohol-induced adipose tissue (AT) autophagy dysfunction contributes to injury in the intestine, liver, and AT of ASH. Methods: The effects and mechanisms of dual PPARα/δ agonist elafibranor on autophagy stimulation were investigated using mice with ASH. Results: C57BL/6 mice on ethanol diet showed AT dysfunction, disrupted intestinal barrier, and ASH, which was accompanied by alcohol-mediated decrease in PPARα, PPARδ, and autophagy levels in intestine, liver, and AT. Chronic treatment with elafibranor attenuated AT apoptosis and inflammation by restoration of tissue PPARα, PPARδ, and autophagy levels. In ASH mice, alcohol-induced AT dysfunction along with increased fatty acid (FA) uptake and decreased free FA (FFA) release from AT was inhibited by elafibranor. The improvement of AT autophagy dysfunction by elafibranor alleviated inflammation and apoptosis-mediated intestinal epithelial disruption in ASH mice. Acute elafibranor incubation inhibited ethanol-induced ASH-mice-sera-enhanced autophagy dysfunction, apoptosis, barrier disruption, and intracellular steatosis in Caco-2 cells and primary hepatocytes (PHs). Conclusion: Altogether, these findings demonstrated that the PPARα/δ agonist, elafibranor, decreased the severity of liver injury by restoration of alcohol-suppressed AT autophagy function and by decreasing the release of apoptotic markers, inflammatory cytokines, and FFA, thereby reducing intestinal epithelium disruption and liver inflammation/apoptosis/steatosis in ASH mice. These data suggest that dual PPAR agonists can serve as potential therapeutic agents for the management of ASH.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for management of benign solid pancreatic tumors
Authors: Choi Jun-Ho , Seo Dong-Wan , Song Tae Jun , Park Do Hyun , Lee Sang Soo , Lee Sung Koo , Kim Myung-Hwan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been increasingly employed in experimental and clinical settings for the management of pancreatic lesions. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided RFA for benign solid pancreatic tumors.
Methods In a single-center, prospective study, 10 patients with benign solid pancreatic tumors underwent EUS-RFA. After the RFA electrode had been inserted into the pancreatic mass, the radiofrequency generator was activated to deliver 50 W of ablation power.
Results Among the 10 patients, 16 sessions of EUS-RFA were successfully performed. Diagnoses included nonfunctioning neuroendocrine tumor (n = 7), solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (n = 2), and insulinoma (n = 1); the median largest diameter of the tumors was 20 mm (range 8 – 28 mm). During follow-up (median 13 months), radiologic complete response was achieved in seven patients. Two adverse events (12.4 %; 1 moderate and 1 mild) occurred.
Conclusions EUS-RFA may be a safe and potentially effective treatment option in selected patients with benign solid pancreatic tumors. Multiple sessions may be required if there is a remnant tumor, and adverse events must be carefully monitored.
Screening of esophageal varices in children using esophageal capsule endoscopy: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Cardey Jacques , Le Gall Catherine , Michaud Laurent , Dabadie Alain , Talbotec Cécile , Bellaiche Marc , Lamireau Thierry , Mas Emmanuel , Bridoux-Henno Laure , Viala Jerome , Restier-Miron Lioara , Lachaux Alain 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is the standard method for diagnosis of esophageal and gastric varices in children. In this prospective study we evaluated the use of PillCam esophageal capsule endoscopy (ECE) in pediatric patients.
Methods Patients aged 7 to 18 years presenting with portal hypertension and/or cirrhosis underwent ECE (PillCam ESO 2, Given Imaging Ltd.) followed by EGD.
Results 102 patients were screened, 81 (52 boys; mean age 13.96 ± 0.25 years) were included and 21 were excluded (16 for “candy test” failure). Esophageal varices were identified by EGD in 62 patients (77 %) and by ECE in 57 patients (70 %) using the de Franchis classification (DFC). The sensitivity of ECE for esophageal varices was 92 % and the specificity was 100 % using DFC. Based upon 57/81 patients with small, medium, and large varices on both ECE and EGD, using DFC, the sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 55 %, 92 %, 89 %, and 63 %, respectively, giving a total overall accuracy of 72 %. To improve sensitivity and specificity in classification of esophageal varices, we propose using a modified score. This score detected esophageal varices with 100 % sensitivity, 93 % specificity, 94 % PPV, and 100 % NPV, giving a total overall accuracy of 97 %. All patients preferred ECE over EGD. No capsule retention was recorded.
Conclusions ECE is a well-tolerated and safe procedure in children. Using the modified score, the sensitivity of ECE is currently sufficient to detect esophageal varices and replace EGD in infants with suspicion of esophageal varices or when EGD is refused.
Einsatz der Vakuuminstillationstherapie für die Wundbehandlung – Ergebnis einer Expertenkonsensuskonferenz
Authors: Horch Raymund , Braumann Chris , Dissemond Joachim , Lehner Burkhard , Hirche Christoph , Woeste Guido , Wozniak Gernold , Wetzel-Roth Walter , Willy Christian 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Spülen von Wunden mit einer Lösung zur Wundreinigung ist seit Langem ein anerkannter Eckpfeiler in der Wundbehandlung als Mittel zur Entfernung von Zelltrümmern und Oberflächenpathogenen in Wundexsudaten. In Kombination mit dem chirurgischen Débridement und einer lokalen Vakuumtherapie kann sie das Fortschreiten von der entzündlichen zur proliferativen Phase der Wundheilung erleichtern. Verfahren der topischen Vakuumtherapie mit Instillation und einer definierten Einwirk- bzw. Verweilzeit von topischen Lösungen unter zyklischer Kompression und Dekompression mit Schaumverbänden (Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with instillation and dwell time = NPWTi-d) können Rückstände entfernen, die ansonsten hemmend auf den Heilungsprozess wirken. Gleichzeitig helfen sie, die bakterielle Keimbelastung in kontaminierten oder infizierten Wunden zu verringern. Nachdem diese Technik nun kommerziell verfügbar und zunehmend verbreitet ist, wurden im Rahmen eines Konsensusmeetings durch eine interdisziplinäre Expertenkommission Empfehlungen zur Anwendung und zu den klinischen Indikationen erarbeitet. Auch wenn die Evidenzstufe von Expertenmeinungen einen geringeren Level besitzt, können allgemein gültige Richtlinien für einen sicheren und effizienten Einsatz von NPWTi-d ausgesprochen werden, die dem klinisch tätigen Arzt als Handlungsempfehlung dienen können. Die daraus abgeleiteten Konsensusempfehlungen umfassen basierend auf dem Stand der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Datenlage die Ziele der Behandlung, die Anwendungsmodalitäten die Indikationsstellung bei verschiedenen Wunden einschließlich eventueller Kontraindikationen, Therapieeinstellungen sowie die Verwendung topischer Instillationslösungen, deren Volumen und Verweildauer (dwell time), die optimale Behandlungsdauer und zukünftige Weiterentwicklungen der NPWTi-d.
Optical diagnosis expanded to small polyps: post-hoc analysis of diagnostic performance in a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Vleugels Jasper , Hazewinkel Yark , Dijkgraaf Marcel , Koens Lianne , Fockens Paul , Dekker Evelien ,   on behalf of the DISCOUNT study group
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Optical diagnosis can replace histopathology of diminutive (1 – 5 mm) polyps if surveillance intervals based on optical diagnosis of polyps have ≥ 90 % agreement with intervals based on polyp histology and if the negative predictive value (NPV) for predicting neoplastic histology in the rectosigmoid is ≥ 90 %. This study aims to assess whether small (6 – 9 mm) polyps can be included in optical diagnosis strategies.
Method: This is a post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter study in which 27 endoscopists, all performing endoscopies for the Dutch screening program, were trained in optical diagnosis. For 1 year, endoscopists recorded the predicted histology for all lesions detected using narrow-band imaging during 3144 consecutive colonoscopies after a positive fecal immunochemical test, along with confidence levels. Surveillance interval agreement and NPV were calculated for high confidence predictions for polyps of 1 – 9 mm and compared with histopathology. Surveillance interval agreement was calculated using the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy surveillance guideline.
Results: Surveillance interval agreement was 95.4 % (confidence interval [CI] 94.2 % – 96.4 %), and NPV for predicting neoplastic histology in the rectosigmoid 90.0 % (CI 87.3 % – 92.2 %). The reduction in histology (45.9 % vs. 30.5 %) and the proportion of patients who could have received direct surveillance advice (15.6 % vs. 7.3 %) was higher when small polyps were included (P < 0.001). T1 cancer was found in seven small polyps (0.33 %), five of which would have been discarded without histopathology.
Conclusion: Including small polyps in the optical diagnosis strategy improves its efficacy while maintaining performance thresholds. However, there is a small risk of missing T1 cancers when small polyps are included in the optical diagnosis strategy.
Endoscopic ultrasound measurements for detection of residual disease after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: van der Bogt Ruben , Noordman Bo , Krishnadath Kausilia , Roumans Carlijn , Schoon Erik , Oostenbrug Liekele , Siersema Peter , Vleggaar Frank , van Lanschot J. , Spaander Manon 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) measurements of residual thickness and residual area have been suggested to correlate with histopathological residual tumor after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for esophageal cancer. This study assessed the predictive value of EUS-based measurements using tumor thickness and tumor area before nCRT, and residual thickness and residual area 6 and 12 weeks after completion of nCRT for detection of residual disease.
Methods This was a substudy of the diagnostic multicenter preSANO trial. The primary end point of the current study was the percentage of tumor regression grade (TRG) 3 – 4 (> 10 % vital tumor cells) residual disease that was detected using EUS-based measurements. Associations of absolute measurements of residual thickness/area and proportional change compared with baseline were evaluated. In the case of a statistically significant association, optimal cut-offs to distinguish TRG3 – 4 residual disease from TRG1 (no vital tumor cells) were determined using Youden’s J index.
Results 138 patients were included. Residual thickness and residual area were statistically significantly associated with TRG3 – 4 residual disease 12 weeks after completion of nCRT (odds ratio 1.36, P < 0.01 and 1.64, P = 0.02, respectively). The cut-off for residual thickness was 4.5 mm, which correctly detected 87 % of TRG3 – 4 residual disease and 52 % of TRG1. The cut-off for residual area was 0.92 cm2, which detected 89 % of TRG3 – 4 residual disease and 40 % of TRG1.
Conclusions EUS measurements of residual thickness and residual area adequately detected TRG3 – 4 residual disease with a sensitivity of almost 90 % 12 weeks after completion of nCRT. Hence, residual thickness and residual area may aid in the restaging of esophageal cancer after nCRT.
Delineation of the extent of early gastric cancer by magnifying narrow-band imaging and chromoendoscopy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nagahama Takashi , Yao Kenshi , Uedo Noriya , Doyama Hisashi , Ueo Tetsuya , Uchita Kunihisa , Ishikawa Hideki , Kanesaka Takashi , Takeda Yasuhito , Wada Kurato , Imamura Kentaro , Arima Hisatomi , Shimokawa Toshio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Accurate delineation of tumor margins is necessary for curative resection of early gastric cancer (EGC). The objective of this multicenter, randomized, controlled study was to compare the accuracy with which magnifying narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) and indigo carmine chromoendoscopy delineate EGC margins.
Methods Patients with EGC ≥ 10 mm undergoing endoscopic or surgical resection were enrolled. The oral-side margins of the lesions were first evaluated with conventional white-light endoscopy in both groups and then delineated by either chromoendoscopy or M-NBI. Biopsies were taken from noncancerous and cancerous mucosa, each at 5 mm from the margin. Accurate delineation was judged to have been achieved when the histological findings in all biopsy samples were consistent with endoscopic diagnoses. The primary end point was the difference in rate of accurate delineation between the two techniques.
Results Data on 343 patients were analyzed. The accurate delineation rate (95 % confidence interval) was 85.7 % (80.4 – 91.0) in the chromoendoscopy group (n = 168), and 88.0 % (83.2 – 92.8) in the M-NBI group (n = 175; P = 0.63). Lower third tumor location (odds ratio [OR] 2.9; P = 0.01), nonflat macroscopic type (OR 4.4; P < 0.01), and high diagnostic confidence (OR 3.6; P < 0.001) were associated with accurate delineation, whereas use of M-NBI was not (OR 1.2; P = 0.39). Even after adjustment for identified confounders, the difference in accurate delineation between the groups was not significant (OR 1.0; P = 0.82).
Conclusions M-NBI does not offer superior delineation of EGC margins compared with chromoendoscopy; the two methods appear to be clinically equivalent.
Ethnic nationalism and gatekeeping in the European media
Authors: Tarasevich Sofiya , Khalitova Liudmila , Arceneaux Phillip , Myslik Barbara , Kiousis Spiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study explores relationships between agenda building, agenda indexing (reflected through share of voice as the key variable), and agenda-setting effects, measured through the combination of public opinion survey data and quantitative content analysis. It conceptually distinguishes between the three metrics often used interchangeably in the professional discourse by advertising and media practitioners – share of voice, share of influence, and share of conversation – and explores how they could be applied in political communication research to become useful tools for agenda-setting researchers. The results of the study indicate that an increased level of nationalism serves as a significant predictor for EU policy support through the pathway of decreased pro-EU sentiment, which, on the agenda level, is reflective of pro-nationals being less supportive of the EU policies and the idea of European integration.
Interactions between prosody and morphosyntax in Fuzhou VO phrases
Authors: Chen Aishu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study examines how tone sandhi domains (TSDs) are determined in Fuzhou. The data include: (i) regular verb-object phrases (VOs) where the verb takes a direct bare noun object; and (ii) non-canonical VOs where the verb takes an adverbial expression as a surface object.Several observations are made. First, a three-way sandhi exists within every TSD. All antepenultimate syllables neutralize to low tones. A penultimate syllable’s sandhi tone is dependent on the final syllable’s citation tone, which remains unchanged. Second, in regular VOs, a monosyllabic verb consistently forms a single TSD with its direct bare noun object, but a disyllabic verb and its object are separated into two TSDs. Third, in non-canonical VOs, a monosyllabic verb never forms a single TSD with its adverbial object. Three questions are raised. First, what is the nature of each TSD? Second, why does the number of syllables in a verb determine the distinct TSDs formed in regular VOs? Third, how can we account for the different patterns of TSD formation in two types of VOs?We propose that each TSD equals to a prosodic word (PrWd). OT analyses are provided to show how PrWds are derived. The analysis of regular VOs relies on the ranking of a prosodic markedness constraintft binabove the word-level interface correspondence constraints. The contrast between two types of VOs is explained by applying the model of Multiple Spell-Out and a cyclic interaction of morphosyntax and prosody. This approach is new in explaining the TSDs that are constrained by morphosyntax.
Commitment fulfillment and politeness
Authors: King Jeremy 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The present study investigates commissive speech acts in the Spanish colony of Louisiana in order to present insight into Spain’s perspective on linguistic politeness in light of European regime change during the period of the French Revolution. The corpus chosen for the current study consists of 200 institutional letters penned by Spaniards in the North American colony in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. I argue that owing to their frequent mitigation commissives should not be understood as intrinsically polite speech acts. I tentatively posit that, due to evident changes in linguistic strategy employed by Louisiana Spaniards, colonial North America felt the effects of the revolutionary fervor.
Navigating commercial constraints in a service call
Authors: Márquez Reiter Rosina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this chapter I examine a call from a telephone agent to a client in which the former tries to obtain a sale irrespective of the client’s interest in the product and, the latter seizes this opportunity to obtain access to a product that she is not entitled to. A central aspect of the organization of the exchange examined is, on the one hand, that it is never clear if the client is ready to proceed with the depositing of one of the products, and, on the other hand, that the agent remains ambiguous as to the rights that depositing the product in question would give the client. In view of this, the chapter explores how the conversational participants avoid explicitly stating what each will do or indeed offer before they can determine what the other party will give in exchange. The chapter thus contributes to the literature on (mediated) service encounters by shedding empirical light on how conversational participants create and maintain ambiguity to pursue different commercial agendas.
Responding to bargaining moves in a digital era
Authors: Placencia María Elena 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates the different ways in which sellers on Mercado Libre Ecuador, a virtual market place, refuse bargaining offers. Drawing on work on offers, refusals, bargaining, and computer-mediated discourse analysis, among other areas, and on the basis of a corpus of refusals taken from 227 buyer-vendor exchanges, it examines how refusals are realized, and the extent to which sellers pay attention to interpersonal concerns in their formulation of refusals. Despite the interactions being anonymous, most sellers were found to use one or more verbal strategies with a mitigating function (e.g. affiliative address, greetings, apologies, justifications, expressions of thanks). Possible factors exerting influence on this behaviour are considered. They include, for example, features of the genre and the site’s norms and controls in place.
Juxta-annular right atrial anchoring of prosthetic mitral valves in endocarditis with anterior annulus destruction†
Authors: El Beyrouti Hazem , Kornberger Angela , Beiras-Fernandez Andres , Vahl Christian-Friedrich 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Destruction of the mitral annulus is associated with poor outcomes. We present the treatment of endocarditis using a technique that enables secure anchoring of prosthetic valves where the anterior part of the mitral annulus is severely disrupted. It was used in 5 patients. Follow-up at 10 ± 4 months showed the valves intact without recurrence of endocarditis. Mortality was limited to 1 patient who died of non-cardiac causes. We conclude that partial right atrial anchoring is a useful bail-out and enables favourable outcomes in patients with extensive loss of the (peri)annular tissue due to endocarditis.
Regularity Bootstrapping for 4th-order Nonlinear Elliptic Equations
Authors: Bhattacharya Arunima , Warren Micah 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We consider nonlinear 4th-order elliptic equations of double divergence type. We show that for a certain class of equations where the nonlinearity is in the Hessian, solutions that are $C^{2,\alpha }$ enjoy interior estimates on all derivatives.
Morbidity and mortality outcomes in neonates who were transferred from home and hospitals to the only neonatal intensive care unit in Guinea: a descriptive report using routinely collected health data
Authors: Cherif Mahamoud Sama , Dahal Prabin , Mansoor Rashid , Camara Facely , Bah Abdourahamane , Kone Alpha , Cherif Fatoumata , Kasse Dienaba , Diakite Mandiou , Diallo Mamadou Pathe 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for neonatal mortality has identified its reduction as one of the main targets to be achieved by 2030. We provide a descriptive report on neonatal outcomes from the only neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Guinea.

Methods
Data collection took place between November 2004 and May 2005 at the NICU of the Institute of Child Health in the capital, Conakry. A descriptive summary of the neonatal, maternal and intrapartum characteristics is reported.

Results
A total of 294 neonates were admitted to the NICU incubators during the study period, transferred either from hospitals (48%) or directly from their homes (52%). The most common reasons for admission were foetal distress (37.1%) and maternal–foetal infections (35.4%). Among 270 neonates with known outcome, the overall mortality among the admitted children remained high at 20.7% (56/270),with a large proportion of the deaths (71.4%, 40/56) occurring within 7 d of their admission. The mortality rate was 23.7% (31/131) among the neonates who were admitted to our NICU after home birth and 17.9% (25/139) among those who were transferred from hospitals (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.75–2.67).

Conclusion
Almost one in every five neonates who were admitted to the NICU incubator died during the study period. More hospitals equipped with NICU facilities are urgently required if Guinea is to achieve the SDG target for neonatal mortality.