bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legacy effects of tree mortality mediated by ectomycorrhizal fungal communities
Authors: Mueller Rebecca C. , Scudder Crescent M. , Whitham Thomas G. , Gehring Catherine A. 
Published: June 2019

Summary

Successive droughts have resulted in extensive tree mortality in the southwestern United States. Recovery of these areas is dependent on the survival and recruitment of young trees. For trees that rely on ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) for survival and growth, changes in soil fungal communities following tree mortality could negatively affect seedling establishment.

We used tree‐focused and stand‐scale measurements to examine the impact of pinyon pine mortality on the performance of surviving juvenile trees and the potential for mutualism limitation of seedling establishment via altered EMF communities.

Mature pinyon mortality did not affect the survival of juvenile pinyons, but increased their growth. At both tree and stand scales, high pinyon mortality had no effect on the abundance of EMF inocula, but led to altered EMF community composition including increased abundance of Geopora and reduced abundance of Tuber. Seedling biomass was strongly positively associated with Tuber abundance, suggesting that reductions in this genus with pinyon mortality could have negative consequences for establishing seedlings.

These findings suggest that whereas mature pinyon mortality led to competitive release for established juvenile pinyons, changes in EMF community composition with mortality could limit successful seedling establishment and growth in high‐mortality sites.
Nature and timing of biotic recovery in Antarctic benthic marine ecosystems following the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction
Authors: Whittle Rowan J. , Witts James D. , Bowman Vanessa C. , Crame J. Alistair , Francis Jane E. , Ineson Jon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTaxonomic and ecological recovery from the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) mass extinction 66 million years ago shaped the composition and structure of modern ecosystems. The timing and nature of recovery has been linked to many factors including palaeolatitude, geographical range, the ecology of survivors, incumbency and palaeoenvironmental setting. Using a temporally constrained fossil dataset from one of the most expanded K–Pg successions in the world, integrated with palaeoenvironmental information, we provide the most detailed examination of the patterns and timing of recovery from the K–Pg mass extinction event in the high southern latitudes of Antarctica. The timing of biotic recovery was influenced by global stabilization of the wider Earth system following severe environmental perturbations, apparently regardless of latitude or local environment. Extinction intensity and ecological change were decoupled, with community scale ecological change less distinct compared to other locations, even if the taxonomic severity of the extinction was the same as at lower latitudes. This is consistent with a degree of geographical heterogeneity in the recovery from the K–Pg mass extinction. Recovery in Antarctica was influenced by local factors (such as water depth changes, local volcanism, and possibly incumbency and pre‐adaptation to seasonality of the local benthic molluscan population), and also showed global signals, for example the radiation of the Neogastropoda within the first million years of the Danian, and a shift in dominance between bivalves and gastropods.
Cardiac and lung point‐of‐care ultrasound in pediatric anesthesia and critical care medicine: Uses, pitfalls, and future directions to optimize pediatric care
Authors: Adler Adam C. , Brown Kyle A. , Conlin Frederick T. , Thammasitboon Satid , Chandrakantan Arvind 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) has found many relevant applications in pediatric anesthesia and critical care medicine. Specifically, the cardiac and pulmonary POCUS examinations provide a wealth of information from physical examination assistance to diagnostic evaluation and assessment of treatment response. However, as with any adjunct, potentially dangerous pitfalls exist when POCUS is performed, interpreted, and applied by the novice sonographer. Using case illustrations, we highlight the clinical application of POCUS in addition to potential dangers. Additionally, suggestions for learning POCUS, assessing competency and credentialing are reviewed.
Romantic attachment, dyadic coping, and parental adjustment across the transition to parenthood
Authors: Alves Stephanie , Milek Anne , Bodenmann Guy , Fonseca Ana , Canavarro Maria C. , Pereira Marco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study explored the mediating role of common dyadic coping (common DC) on the longitudinal associations between attachment‐related anxiety and avoidance and parental adjustment to the first year postpartum. A total of 92 Portuguese couples completed self‐report questionnaires of romantic attachment, common DC, parenting stress, and parental confidence. Results showed that more avoidant parents (at mid‐pregnancy) engaged less in common DC (at 6 weeks postpartum), which consequently increased their partner's parenting stress (only in mothers) and decreased their partner's parental confidence (in both parents) at 6–9 months postpartum. Anxious attachment did not predict parents' adjustment directly or indirectly. Interventions aimed at preventing adjustment difficulties to early parenthood in more avoidant parents should focus on enhancing their common DC strategies soon after childbirth.
Patient‐reported outcome measures within pediatric solid organ transplantation: A systematic review
Authors: Anthony Samantha J. , Stinson Hayley , Lazor Tanya , Young Katarina , Hundert Amos , Santana Maria J. , Stinson Jennifer , West Lori 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSubjective evaluation of medical care and disease outcomes from patients' perspectives has become increasingly important. Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) play a prominent role in engaging patients, capturing their experiences and improving patient care. This systematic review sought to identify PROMs that are used in the field of pediatric solid organ transplantation, with the aim to inform the implementation of PROMs into clinical practice for this population. A systematic review of English language, peer‐reviewed articles was performed on key health science databases to identify publications using PROMs in pediatric solid organ transplantation. The search yielded 3670 articles, with a final data set of 62 articles that included 47 different PROMs. The three most frequently used PROMs included the following: (a) PedsQL™ Generic Core Scales (n = 25); (b) Children's Depression Inventory (n = 6); and (c) Child Health Questionnaire (n = 6). Of the 47 PROMs, 42 were generic and five were disease‐specific; only six PROMS had a documented psychometric evaluation within a pediatric solid organ transplant population. This review outlines the attributes of the instruments (eg, domains captured), as well as the psychometric properties of those evaluated. PROMs are increasingly used in the field of pediatric transplantation; however, there are limited details in the current literature about their conceptual underpinnings and psychometric properties. This review highlights the need for additional psychometric evaluation of identified measures to establish the necessary foundation to inform the implementation of PROMs into clinical care for pediatric solid organ transplant patients.
Safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in beta‐thalassemia patients with chronic hepatitis C infections treated at a pediatric center
Authors: Ramgopal Archana , Lauko Adam , Rotz Seth , Hanna Rabi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe outcome of allogeneic HCT in patients previously infected with HCV is a widely debated topic and rarely reported in the pediatric and young adult age group given the small population of affected patients. New medications directly targeting HCV have induced virologic cures for over 90% of patients, and their use in the pretransplant setting may improve outcomes for patients infected with HCV. We describe two patients with transfusion‐dependent beta‐thalassemia major who underwent matched sibling donor bone marrow transplantation, one with a myeloablative regimen and one with a reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen. Allogeneic HCT appears feasible in patients with HCV infection that clear viremia prior to conditioning therapy and with a reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen. Further investigation is warranted to better define transplant risks in this population.
Cyanidium chilense (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta) from tuff rocks of the archeological site of Cuma, Italy
Authors: Ciniglia Claudia , Cennamo Paola , De Natale Antonino , De Stefano Mario , Sirakov Maria , Iovinella Manuela , Yoon Hwan S. , Pollio Antonino 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYPhlegrean Fields is a large volcanic area situated southwest of Naples (Italy), including both cave and thermoacidic habitats. These extreme environments host the genus Cyanidium; the species C. chilense represents a common phototrophic microorganism living in anthropogenic caves. With a view to provide a comprehensive characterization for a correct taxonomic classification, morpho‐ultrastructural investigations of C. chilense from Sybil's cave (Phlegren Fields) was herein carried out and compared with the thermoacidophilic C. caldarium. The biofilm was also analyzed to define the role of C. chilense in the establishment of a biofilm within cave environments. Despite the peculiar ecological and molecular divergences, C. chilense and C. caldarium shared all the main diacritic features, suggesting morphological convergence within the genus; cytological identity was found among C. chilense strains geographically distant and adapted to different substrates, such as the porous yellow tuff of Sybil cave, and calcyte, magnesite and basaltic rocks from other caves. C. chilense is generally dominant in all biofilms, developing monospecific islets, developing both superficially or between fungal hyphae and coccoid cyanobacteria. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were recorded in C. chilense biofilms from Sybil cave, confirming the role of EPS in facilitating cells adhesion to the surface, creating a cohesive network of interconnecting biofilm cells.
Are Actuarial Crop Insurance Rates Fair?: An Analysis Using a Penalized BivariateB-Spline Method
Authors: Price Michael J. , Yu Cindy L. , Hennessy David A. , Du Xiaodong 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate whether the yield insurance premium rates given by the US Department of Agriculture's Risk Management Agency are actuarially fair by comparing the conditional yield density inferred from premium data with the conditional yield density inferred from yield data. A procedure is developed to estimate the conditional yield density by using premium data through partial derivatives of the premium rate function, as fitted by penalized bivariate tensor product B-splines. We study the asymptotic properties of partial derivatives of a penalized bivariate tensor product B-spline estimator and provide variance estimates. The conditional yield density inferred from premium data and its variance estimator are evaluated through simulation studies. The procedure is also applied to a crop insurance data set from the state of Iowa to examine the actuarial fairness of the premium rates. On average, premium rates are close to our estimates and this is true for each coverage level. However, premiums for low productivity land are generally too low whereas those for high productivity land are generally too high. Even after subsidies, premiums for the more productive land are generally substantially higher than are our estimates of the corresponding actuarially fair rates.
Vascular access for hemodialysis: A perpetual challenge
Authors: Murea Mariana , Geary Randolph L. , Davis Ross P. , Moossavi Shahriar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVascular access for hemodialysis has a long and rich history. This article highlights major innovations and milestones in the history of angioaccess for hemodialysis. Advances in achievement of lasting hemodialysis access, swift access transition, immediate and sustaining access to vascular space built the momentum at different turning points of access history and shaped the current practice of vascular access strategy. In the present era, absent of large‐scale clinical trials to validate practice, the ever‐changing demographic and comorbidity makeup of the dialysis population pushes against stereotypical angioaccess goals. The future of hemodialysis vascular access would benefit from proper randomized clinical trials and acclimatization to clinical contexts.
Warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation—Time for a change?
Authors: Reilly Robert F. , Jain Nishank 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWarfarin is the most commonly prescribed anticoagulant in hemodialysis (HD) patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Recent trends show that Nephrologists are increasingly prescribing novel oral anticoagulants, despite the fact that no randomized clinical trials have been conducted in dialysis patients. Difficulties maintaining international normalized ratio in the therapeutic range, increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage and concerns regarding warfarin‐induced vascular calcification and calciphylaxis may be responsible. Anticoagulation quality is poor in HD patients. A variety of factors contribute to this: increased antibiotic exposure; comorbid illness; decreased adherence and vitamin K deficiency. Attempts to address this with standardized protocols have been uniformly unsuccessful. In nonadherent patients, thrice weekly observed therapy improved quality. Low‐dose vitamin K supplementation improves time in the therapeutic range (TTR) in those with normal kidney function and should be studied in HD patients given their high frequency of vitamin K deficiency. Vascular and valvular calcification associated with warfarin could result from reduced carboxylation of matrix Gla protein (MGP), a well‐known inhibitor of vascular calcification. Multiple observational studies also link calciphylaxis to warfarin; warfarin‐induced hypercoagulability and decreased carboxylation of MGP could explain this. A large observational study, two meta‐analyses, and a systematic review in HD patients with NVAF showed reduced bleeding with apixaban compared to warfarin with similar efficacy in reducing stroke and systemic embolism. Given these results, apixaban is a reasonable alternative to warfarin for anticoagulation of HD patients with NVAF, especially in those with low TTR, until data from randomized clinical trials become available.
Mineralogical evidence for multiple dust sources in an early Triassic loessite
Authors: Wilson Michael J. , Hurst Andrew , Wilkins Anne D. , Wilson Lyudmyla , Bowen Leon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLoessite present in a borehole into the Smith Bank Formation (early Triassic age, Central North Sea) differentiates five coeval source terranes for aerosol dust, three long‐distance sources and two local sources. All were active immediately following the end Permian mass extinction. Long‐distance sources are sedimentary, basic magmatic and acid–intermediate volcanic. Although predominantly silt‐sized and dominated by quartz with subordinate feldspars, muscovite and illite, evidence of basic and acid–intermediate magmatic/volcanic sources are pervasive. Baddeleyite is diagnostic of basic magmatism, an origin supported by enrichment of plagioclase relative to potassium feldspar. Deduction of acid–intermediate volcanism comes from the collective occurrence of irregular geometry quartz, volcanic shards, Ti‐mineralization, euhedral biotite, sanidine, the co‐occurrence of apatite and zircon, and the common occurrence of a tosuditic clay mineral. The tosuditic phase occurs as an unusual diagenetic dioctahedral chlorite/smectite formed at low temperature (<45°C), during very shallow burial by the decomposition of unstable rhyo‐dacitic and andesitic grains in alkaline pore water from an adjacent lake that yielded pore fluids with a high Al : Si ratio. The Siberian Traps large igneous province is the likely source terrane for the magmatic and volcanic silt. Locally sourced clay pellets and kaolinite booklets formed from aeolian erosion of an adjacent, periodically desiccated lake‐floor and a kaolinitic regolith, respectively. Inference of a prolonged harsh, arid climate leaves no evidence of any periods of sustained humidity or climatic fluctuation, such as pedogenesis. The association between the end Permian mass extinction, emplacement and aeolian erosion of the Siberian Traps large igneous province, and location of the Smith Bank Formation in a large lacustrine endorheic basin, combine to preserve a record of prolonged harsh climate in the early Triassic.
Welfare service privatization and opinions about service quality: The role of political ideology among local politicians and the public
Authors: Hardell Sanna , Johansson Sevä Ingemar , Öun Ida 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, we join the discussion about the potential consequences of welfare service privatization by examining the relationship between the privatization of welfare service delivery and public opinion about service quality in Sweden. Due to the politically polarized debate about welfare service privatization in Sweden, we also examine the extent to which individualsapos; ideological orientations influence this relationship in both local politicians and ordinary citizens. For local politicians, the results show that a higher municipal degree of privatization is generally associated with slightly lower levels of satisfaction overall with welfare services, although no such relationship exists for the public. Most importantly, however, the results indicate that political ideology constitutes an important moderator in the relationship between privatization and opinions about service quality. Local politicians and, to some extent, ordinary citizens who place themselves to the left on the ideological left–right scale tend to be less satisfied with services as the municipal degree of welfare service privatization increases. For local politicians who position themselves far to the right on the scale, the relationship between welfare service privatization and satisfaction is positive. These findings suggest that there is no clear‐cut relationship between privatization and individualsapos; opinions about services; rather, this relationship depends on the ideological predispositions of local politicians and ordinary citizens.
Two‐stage Cenozoic evolution of NW–SE‐trending faults in the coastal area of southeast China controlled the fan‐shaped Zhangzhou basin
Authors: Chen Wei , Hu Xiangyun , Zhuang Qingxiang , Chen Qi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWidespread NW–SE‐trending faults and Cenozoic basins in the coastal area of Fujian Province demonstrate unique tectonic deformations from the influence of the modern arc‐trench system on the adjacent continent. Field‐based structural analyses in the Zhangzhou region identify two‐stage deformation in the Cenozoic. The early stage was dominated by normal faulting and mafic intrusions. The structural configuration was differentiated as a graben in the estuary area and linear ridges in the western mountains, representing outer arc extension caused by orthogonal flexure of the coast. Late‐stage deformation turned early stage normal faults into sinistral strike‐slip faults and induced a transtensional setting that greatly facilitated the evolution of the basin as well as a small rotation of the segmented structures. The tectonic dynamics are attributed to far‐field effects of the west Pacific subduction zones. Additionally, a strike‐slip fault‐controlled scissor‐like structure is proposed to demonstrate the mechanism of the redefined, fan‐shaped basin.
Fetal RHD detection from circulating cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal plasma: validation of a diagnostic kit using automatic extraction and frozen DNA
Authors: Londero D. , Stampalija T. , Bolzicco D. , Castro Silva E. , Candolini M. , Cortivo C. , Dreossi C. , Fantasia I. , Pecile V. , De Angelis V. 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYObjectiveThis study aimed to validate non‐invasive RHD genotyping of cell‐free fetal DNA (cff‐DNA) using different DNA extraction methods and of fresh and frozen extracted cff‐DNA.BackgroundNon‐invasive RHD genotyping of cff‐DNA predicts fetal RhD phenotype, allowing for the rational implementation of antenatal immunoprophylaxis and representing a big step forward in the management of RhD‐immunised women. Validation of a diagnostic method is mandatory before its clinical application.MethodsRhD‐negative pregnant women were recruited at different gestational ages. The cff‐DNA extraction was carried out using manual and automatic methods in order to improve cff‐DNA yield and optimise the extraction. Fetal RHD genotyping was performed using a commercial real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit, and the results were compared with postnatal serological RhD determination on cord blood.ResultsOverall, 133 plasma samples were examined for the validation process, and a total of 423 tests were performed. No differences have been observed between the two extraction methods or between fresh or frozen cff‐DNA regarding cff‐DNA stability and quality parameters. There was 100% concordance between fetal RHD genotyping of cff‐DNA and RhD phenotype on cord blood for both extraction methods on both fresh and frozen cff‐DNA.ConclusionOur study shows the reliability of automatic and manual cff‐DNA extraction methods and the possibility of freezing extracted cff‐DNA when performing RHD genotyping. This result might be relevant for improving laboratory work and organisation through the development of a standardised procedure for fetal RHD genotyping on cff‐DNA, laying the foundations for evidence‐based use of anti‐D Ig prophylaxis in RhD pregnant women.
Attrition at the final donor stage among unrelated haematopoietic stem cell donors: the British Bone Marrow Registry experience
Authors: Balassa K. , Griffiths A. , Winstone D. , Li Y. , Rocha V. , Pawson R. 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYObjectivesTo investigate attrition at the finally selected donor stage among British Bone Marrow Registry (BBMR) donors, all recruited from blood donors.BackgroundThe success of searches for unrelated stem cell donors relies on the existence of large international donor registries and the availability of registered donors when matched with a patient. Withdrawal of donors may adversely affect patient outcomes.Materials/MethodsData on 2942 planned donations were analysed to assess donor‐related deferral rates and associated factors.ResultsOverall, 20·2% of requests were cancelled. Transplant centres activated more than half of the cancellations (52·6%). Donor reasons accounted for 46·7% of cancellations (9·4% of requests), of which 61·7% happened for medical and 38·3% for personal reasons. Medical ineligibility of the donor was associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1·36, P = 0·011) and peripheral blood stem cell source (OR = 2·22, P = 0·006), and there was some evidence of association with low blood donation reliability (OR = 1·52, P = 0·054). The blood donor reliability score relates to blood donation, and the score worsens if donors consistently fail to attend a donation session when invited. Withdrawal on personal grounds showed associations with donor age (OR = 1·72, P = 0·017, 30–40 years vs other ages), peripheral blood stem cell source (OR = 2·43, P = 0·010) and low blood donor reliability (OR = 1·94, P = 0·007).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report on all‐cause cancellation at the finally‐selected donor stage for international stem cell donor provision, showing 9·4% donor‐related cancellation rate. Scores associated with blood donation reliability may be useful to predict stem cell donor withdrawal.