bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of a 2 × 2 coupled linear hyperbolic system sandwiched between 2 ODEs
Authors: Wang Ji , Krstic Miroslav , Pi Yangjun 
Published: May 2018

SummaryMotivated by an engineering application in cable mining elevators, we address a new problem on stabilization of 2×2 coupled linear first‐order hyperbolic PDEs sandwiched between 2 ODEs. A novel methology combining PDE backstepping and ODE backstepping is proposed to derive a state‐feedback controller without high differential terms. The well‐posedness and invertibility properties of the PDE backstepping transformation are proved. All states, including coupled linear hyperbolic PDEs and 2 ODEs, are included in the closed‐loop exponential stability analysis. Moreover, boundedness and exponential convergence of the designed controller are proved. The performance is investigated via numerical simulation.
Determination of the Anti‐HIV Drug Nevirapine Using Electroactive 2D Material Pd@rGO Decorated with MoS2 Quantum Dots
Authors: Tiwari Preeti , Nirala Narsingh R. , Prakash Rajiv 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein we report the detection of an anti‐HIV drug Nevirapine (NVP) through a sensitive electrochemical method using efficient electro‐active 2D materials; Palladium nanoparticles supported reduced graphene oxide (rGO), i.e., Pd@rGO, MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) and Pd@rGO decorated with MoS2 QDs modified electrodes. We have shown an interaction between Pd@rGO and MoS2 QDs in the composite based on FT‐IR and UV‐Vis. absorption studies. The interaction between Pd@rGO and MoS2 QDs in designed material leads to highly efficient electro‐activity that is actually responsible for the broad spectrum quantification of frequently used anti‐HIV drug Nevirapine. The electrochemical oxidation behaviour of NVP is studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) over bare glassy carbon electrode and modified electrodes with alone Pd@rGO and MoS2 QDs and finally over designed material Pd@rGO/ MoS2 QDs. The excellent catalytic effect is observed over designed material as evident from oxidation at relatively lower potential of 0.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl and large peak current in comparison with others. Pd@rGO/ MoS2 QDs modified electrode exhibits a linear increase in oxidation peak current with an increase in NVP concentration in the range of 0.1 – 80 μM with limit of detection (LOD) of 50 nM at signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N): 3. The developed sensing platform shows excellent stability and sensitivity to make it suitable for the determination of NVP in the complex system.
Novel Synthesis of Immobilized Brønsted‐ Acidic Ionic Liquid: Application in Lignin Depolymerization
Authors: Singh Sandip K. , Dhepe Paresh L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDesigning of efficient catalyst for the valorization of lignin is a topic of long neglect due to intrinsic properties of lignin. We show designing of an efficient, stable and recyclable Immobilized‐Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (I‐BAIL), which was further used as a solid acid catalyst for the depolymerization of lignin. The synthesized I‐BAIL catalyst with sulfonic acid (–SO3H) groups was found to be stable until 250 °C and has 42.2 wt.% loading of BAIL anchored on silica framework. The detailed characterization (elemental, Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transformation‐Infrared, Nuclear magnetic resonance) of catalyst disclosed formation of strong covalent bond between Si and carbon of BAIL, which in turn is responsible for achieving a stable catalyst. The catalyst could successfully depolymerize range of lignin substrates with high molecular weight (60000 Dalton) at 200 °C in 1 h to achieve 90% yield of tetrahydrofuran soluble products with good mass balance. The formation of products and correlation of products with lignin was achieved with the help of Nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography etc.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP)‐Responsive Properties of Phthalocyanine‐Doxorubicin Conjugates
Authors: Peng Xiao‐Hui , Chen Shao‐Fang , Xu Cai‐Hong , Zheng Bi‐Yuan , Ke Mei‐Rong , Huang Jian‐Dong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA series of novel phthalocyanine‐doxorubicin (Pc‐DOX) conjugates have been prepared with a fibroblast activation protein (FAP)‐sensitive linker of glycine‐proline (Gly‐Pro) dipeptide. Meanwhile, two Pc‐DOX conjugates (1 c and 3 c) without FAP‐sensitive linker have also been prepared for comparison. For Pc‐DOX conjugates, the photosensitizing properties of the phthalocyanines are partly quenched after being conjugated with DOX. The aggregation behavior of these conjugates is less affected by the surfactant of Cremophor EL compared with that of corresponding precursors in aqueous media. The FAP‐responsive properties have been demonstrated by HPLC analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy in phosphate buffered saline. The Pc‐Gly‐Pro‐DOX conjugate 2 b with longer linker is more sensitive to FAP than the other two Pc‐Gly‐Pro‐DOX conjugates (1 b and 3 b). The results suggest that the longer linker and smaller steric hindrance between phthalocyanine and Dox units are beneficial for the cleavage of Gly‐Pro linker induced by FAP, while the axial or peripheral substituted positions hardly allow the enzymolysis of FAP. This work can thus provide a valuable reference for the targeted chemo‐photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Micellar Route of the Synthesis of Alkyl Xylosides: An Unexpected Effect of Amphiphilic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Nowicki Janusz , Woch Julia , Łuczak Justyna , Zarębska Magdalena , Nowakowska‐Bogdan Ewa , Mościpan Małgorzata 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis manuscript presents results from the investigation on the synthesis of alkyl xylosides by the novel, very efficient and promising protocol of the Fischer synthesis from unprotected xylose and aliphatic alcohol. The use of 1‐alkyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids as the catalysts with dual functionality (surfactant + acid catalyst) and micellar reaction system are the main novelty of described method. It has been found that in developed method of the synthesis of alkyl xylosides the reaction of unprotected xylose with aliphatic alcohols carried out in mild reaction conditions and leads to alkyl xylosides with high yields. In progress analyses by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC/MS) confirm the general postulated pathway of developed method.
Synthesis, Photochemical, Electrochemical and Cytotoxic Studies on Azobenzene Cored Dendrimer Decorated with Chalcone Motif
Authors: Selvarani Sivasamy , Rajakumar Perumal 
Published: May 2018

Abstractp‐Nitroazobenzene cored dendrimers decorated with chalcone surface group has been synthesized upto second generation by click reaction through convergent strategy. Photoisomerisation of the synthesized azodendrimers at 365 nm reveal the isobestic point at 296 nm with photostationary state at 11 minutes. Cyclic voltammogram exhibited quasi reversible oxidation reduction potential for all the synthesized dendrimers. Further, the second generation azodendrimer show better cytotoxic effect against MCF‐7 human breast cancer cell lines than the lower generation dendrimers.
Choline Hydroxide Promoted Synthesis of N‐Aryl Anthraquinone Derivatives: Metal Free Approach to Ullmann Coupling Reactions
Authors: Pant Preeti L. , Sonune Rishikant K. , Shankarling Ganapati S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA simple metal free alternative procedure for Ullmann type C−N coupling reactions has been achieved by allowing substituted bromo/chloro anthraquinones to react with a variety of amines in the presence of Choline hydroxide (ChOH). This reaction is also extended towards synthesis of commercially available Acid Blue 25 dye. Good to excellent yields (78‐95%) of N‐aryl anthraquinone products were obtained under mild conditions in reduced reaction time. This reaction is driven by SNAr mechanistic pathway, moreover compared to conventional methods, no metal catalyst is required, ChOH is an environmentally benign, cheaper catalyst recyclable up to five runs without remarkable loss of activity.
Design optimization of truss structures with continuous and discrete variables by hybrid of biogeography‐based optimization and differential evolution methods
Authors: Jalili Shahin , Hosseinzadeh Yousef 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a hybrid BBO‐DE algorithm by hybridizing biogeography‐based optimization (BBO) and differential evolution (DE) methods for optimum design of truss structures with continuous and discrete variables. In BBO‐DE, the migration operator of BBO method serves as a local exploiter mechanism during the search process. Besides, DE has a role of the global exploration by performing multiple search directions in the search space to preserve more diversity in the population. By embedding of DE algorithm in BBO method as a mutation mechanism, the balance between the exploration and exploitation abilities is further improved. The comparative results with some of the most recently developed methods demonstrate the fast convergence properties of the proposed algorithm and confirm its effectiveness to solve optimum design problems of truss structures with continuous and discrete variables.
State of the Art and Research Challenges in the Area of Autonomous Control for a Reliable Internet of Services
Authors: van der Mei Rob , van den Berg Hans , Ganchev Ivan , Tutschku Kurt , Leitner Philipp , Lassila Pasi , Burakowski Wojciech , Liberal Fidel , Arvidsson Åke , Hoβfeld Tobias , Wac Katarzyna , Melvin Hugh , Grbac Tihana Galinac , Haddad Yoram , Key Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe explosive growth of the Internet has fundamentally changed the global society. The emergence of concepts like service-oriented architecture (SOA), Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Network as a Service (NaaS) and Cloud Computing in general has catalyzed the migration from the information-oriented Internet into an Internet of Services (IoS). This has opened up virtually unbounded possibilities for the creation of new and innovative services that facilitate business processes and improve the quality of life. However, this also calls for new approaches to ensuring quality and reliability of these services. The goal of this book chapter is to first analyze the state-of-the-art in the area of autonomous control for a reliable IoS and then to identify the main research challenges within it. A general background and high-level description of the current state of knowledge is presented. Then, for each of the three subareas, namely the autonomous management and real-time control, methods and tools for monitoring and service prediction, and smart pricing and competition in multi-domain systems, a brief general introduction and background are presented, and a list of key research challenges is formulated.
Security of Internet of Things for a Reliable Internet of Services
Authors: Arış Ahmet , Oktuğ Sema F. , Voigt Thiemo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) consists of resource-constrained devices (e.g., sensors and actuators) which form low power and lossy networks to connect to the Internet. With billions of devices deployed in various environments, IoT is one of the main building blocks of future Internet of Services (IoS). Limited power, processing, storage and radio dictate extremely efficient usage of these resources to achieve high reliability and availability in IoS. Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks aim to misuse the resources and cause interruptions, delays, losses and degrade the offered services in IoT. DoS attacks are clearly threats for availability and reliability of IoT, and thus of IoS. For highly reliable and available IoS, such attacks have to be prevented, detected or mitigated autonomously. In this study, we propose a comprehensive investigation of Internet of Things security for reliable Internet of Services. We review the characteristics of IoT environments, cryptography-based security mechanisms and D/DoS attacks targeting IoT networks. In addition to these, we extensively analyze the intrusion detection and mitigation mechanisms proposed for IoT and evaluate them from various points of view. Lastly, we consider and discuss the open issues yet to be researched for more reliable and available IoT and IoS.
Whose carbon is burnable? Equity considerations in the allocation of a “right to extract”
Authors: Kartha Sivan , Caney Simon , Dubash Navroz K. , Muttitt Greg 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbon emissions—and hence fossil fuel combustion—must decline rapidly if warming is to be held below 1.5 or 2 °C. Yet fossil fuels are so deeply entrenched in the broader economy that a rapid transition poses the challenge of significant transitional disruption. Fossil fuels must be phased out even as access to energy services for basic needs and for economic development expands, particularly in developing countries. Nations, communities, and workers that are economically dependent on fossil fuel extraction will need to find a new foundation for livelihoods and revenue. These challenges are surmountable. In principle, societies could undertake a decarbonization transition in which they anticipate the transitional disruption, and cooperate and contribute fairly to minimize and alleviate it. Indeed, if societies do not work to avoid that disruption, a decarbonization transition may not be possible at all. Too many people may conclude they will suffer undue hardship, and thus undermine the political consensus required to undertake an ambitious transition. The principles and framework laid out here are offered as a contribution to understanding the nature of the potential impacts of a transition, principles for equitably sharing the costs of avoiding them, and guidance for prioritizing which fossil resources can still be extracted.
Nuclear factor‐kappa B: Glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper interface analogs suppress pathology in an Alzheimer's disease model
Authors: Srinivasan Mythily , Lahiri Niloy , Thyagarajan Anish , Witek Emily , Hickman Debra , Lahiri Debomoy K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionGlucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper is a regulatory protein that sequesters activated nuclear factor‐kappa B p65. Previously, we showed that rationally designed analogs of the p65‐binding domain of glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper, referred to as glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper analogs (GAs), inhibited amyloid β–induced metabolic activity and inflammatory cytokines in mixed brain cell cultures. Here, we investigate the therapeutic efficacy of GA in an Alzheimer's disease model.MethodsGA and control peptides were synthesized covalently as peptide amides with the cell‐penetrating agent. C57Bl/6J mice induced with lipopolysaccharide‐mediated neuroinflammation (250 mg/kg i.p/day for six days) were treated on alternate days with GA‐1, GA‐2, or control peptides (25 mg/kg i.v). Brain tissues were assessed for gliosis, cytokines, and antiapoptotic factors.ResultsThe brain tissues of GA‐1– and GA‐2–treated mice exhibited significantly reduced gliosis, suppressed inflammatory cytokines, and elevated antiapoptotic factors.DiscussionThe antineuroinflammatory effects of GA suggest potential therapeutic application for Alzheimer's disease.
The Perils of “Turkish Presidentialism”
Authors: Esen Berk , Gumuscu Sebnem 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTurkey has switched to a presidential system via a referendum held in April 2017 that will take full effect after the 2019 presidential elections. Turkish presidentialism increases the prominence of the executive at the expense of the legislative branch and concentrates power in the office of the president. Executive aggrandizement will deepen ideological polarization and electoral mobilization by significantly raising the stakes of the game for both the incumbent and the opposition. As such, we posit that the new presidential system will institutionalize the de facto personalism and majoritarian rule that the AKP has hitherto established in recent years. This trend is likely to trigger a transition from a competitive authoritarian to hegemonic electoral authoritarianism in case of Tayyip Erdoğan's election, thus placing Turkey on par with the strongest executive systems around the globe such as Russia and Venezuela.
Geomorphology of Scour Holes at Tidal Channel Confluences
Authors: Ferrarin Christian , Madricardo Fantina , Rizzetto Federica , Kiver William Mc , Bellafiore Debora , Umgiesser Georg , Kruss Aleksandra , Zaggia Luca , Foglini Federica , Ceregato Alessandro , Sarretta Alessandro , Trincardi Fabio 
Published: May 2018

The morphology of scour holes at tidal channel confluences was investigated through high‐resolution acoustic mapping of the channel network in the Venice Lagoon (Italy). Our investigation identified 29 confluence scours ranging in depth from 7 to 26 m and characterized by different confluence geometry and scour properties. Scours were found at the confluence of two or more channels, having equal or unequal bed heights and a diverse confluence planform geometry. The main morphological characteristics of the scours were compared to literature data from fluvial environments. Like in rivers, the scour depth tends to increase with the angle of the confluence. Moreover, the maximum depth of the confluence scours in the Venice Lagoon is positively correlated with the tidal prism of the channels joining the confluence. The investigation of the seafloor features in the scour holes highlighted that, generally, small‐ and medium‐scale bedforms are present on the gentle slope. The scours' seafloor roughness indicated that in tidal channels both ebb and flood flows combine in shaping the confluence morphology. In addition, the analysis of historical bathymetric datasets dating back to the 1800s allowed us to analyze the morphological evolution of two of these erosive features. Our findings revealed the century‐scale morphological dynamics of scour holes, as a consequence of changes in the flow regime.
Signatures of Reductive Magnetic Mineral Diagenesis From Unmixing of First‐Order Reversal Curves
Authors: Roberts Andrew P. , Zhao Xiang , Harrison Richard J. , Heslop David , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Rowan Christopher J. , Larrasoaña Juan‐Cruz , Florindo Fabio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiagenetic alteration of magnetic minerals occurs in all sedimentary environments and tends to be severe in reducing environments. Magnetic minerals provide useful information about sedimentary diagenetic processes, which makes it valuable to use magnetic properties to identify the diagenetic environment in which the magnetic minerals occur and to inform interpretations of paleomagnetic recording or environmental processes. We use a newly developed first‐order reversal curve unmixing method on well‐studied samples to illustrate how magnetic properties can be used to assess diagenetic processes in reducing sedimentary environments. From our analysis of multiple data sets, consistent magnetic components are identified for each stage of reductive diagenesis. Relatively unaltered detrital and biogenic magnetic mineral assemblages in surficial oxic to manganous diagenetic environments undergo progressive dissolution with burial into ferruginous and sulfidic environments and largely disappear at the sulfate‐methane transition. Below the sulfate‐methane transition, a weak superparamagnetic to largely noninteracting stable single domain (SD) greigite component is observed in all studied data sets. Moderately interacting stable SD authigenic pyrrhotite and strongly interacting stable SD greigite are observed commonly in methanic environments. Recognition of these characteristic magnetic components enables identification of diagenetic processes and should help to constrain interpretation of magnetic mineral assemblages in future studies. A key question for future studies concerns whether stable SD greigite forms in the sulfidic or methanic zones, where formation in deeper methanic sediments will cause greater delays in paleomagnetic signal recording. Authigenic pyrrhotite forms in methanic environments, so it will usually record a delayed paleomagnetic signal.
Update on glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases: the roles in the development of insulin resistance
Authors: Yu Jing , Loh Kim , Song Zhi-yuan , Yang He-qin , Zhang Yi , Lin Shu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo pathway of glycerolipid synthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of glycerol-3-phosphate and long-chain acyl-CoA to lysophosphatidic acid. In mammals, four isoforms of GPATs have been identified based on subcellular localization, substrate preferences, and NEM sensitivity, and they have been classified into two groups, one including GPAT1 and GPAT2, which are localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane, and the other including GPAT3 and GPAT4, which are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. GPATs play a pivotal role in the regulation of triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis. Through gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments, it has been confirmed that GPATs play a critical role in the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. In line with this, the role of GPATs in metabolism was supported by studies using a GPAT inhibitor, FSG67. Additionally, the functional characteristics of GPATs and the relation between three isoforms (GPAT1, 3, and 4) and insulin resistance has been described in this review.
Associations of serum indolepropionic acid, a gut microbiota metabolite, with type 2 diabetes and low-grade inflammation in high-risk individuals
Authors: Tuomainen Marjo , Lindström Jaana , Lehtonen Marko , Auriola Seppo , Pihlajamäki Jussi , Peltonen Markku , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Uusitupa Matti , de Mello Vanessa D. , Hanhineva Kati 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe recently reported using non-targeted metabolic profiling that serum indolepropionic acid (IPA), a microbial metabolite of tryptophan, was associated with a lower likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the present study, we established a targeted quantitative method using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS) and measured the serum concentrations of IPA in all the participants from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS), who had fasting serum samples available from the 1-year study follow-up (n = 209 lifestyle intervention and n = 206 control group). Higher IPA at 1-year study was inversely associated with the incidence of T2D (OR [CI]: 0.86 [0.73–0.99], P = 0.04) and tended to be directly associated with insulin secretion (β = 0.10, P = 0.06) during the mean 7-year follow-up. Moreover, IPA correlated positively with dietary fiber intake (g/day: r = 0.24, P = 1 × 10−6) and negatively with hsCRP concentrations at both sampling (r = − 0.22, P = 0.0001) and study follow-up (β = − 0.19, P = 0.001). Thus, we suggest that the putative effect of IPA on lowering T2D risk might be mediated by the interplay between dietary fiber intake and inflammation or by direct effect of IPA on β-cell function.