bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Wilms Tumor in Sub-Saharan Africa: Results of the Second French African Pediatric Oncology Group Study
Authors: Yao Atteby Jean-Jacques , Moreira Claude , Traoré Fousseyni , Kaboret Sonia , Pondy Angele , Rakotomahefa Narison Mbolanirina Lala , Guedenon Koffi M. , Mallon Brenda , Patte Catherine 
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE Multidisciplinary management of Wilms tumor has been defined through multicenter prospective studies and an average expected patient cure rate of 90%. In sub-Saharan Africa, such studies are uncommon. After the encouraging results of the first Groupe Franco-Africain d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (GFAOP) study, we report the results of the GFAOP-NEPHRO-02 study using an adaptation of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology 2001 protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS From April 1, 2005, to March 31, 2011, seven African units participated in a nonrandomized prospective study. All patients who were referred with a clinical and radiologic diagnosis of renal tumor were screened. Those older than age 6 months and younger than 18 years with a unilateral tumor previously untreated were pre-included and received preoperative chemotherapy. Patients with unfavorable histology or with a tumor other than Wilms, or with a nonresponding stage IV tumor were excluded secondarily. RESULTS Three hundred thirteen patients were initially screened. Two hundred fifty-seven patients were pre-included and 169 with histologic confirmation of intermediate-risk nephroblastoma were registered in the study and administered postoperative treatment. Thirty-one percent of patients were classified as stage I, 38% stage II, 24% stage III, and 7% stage IV. Radiotherapy was not available for any stage III patients. Three-year overall survival rate was 72% for all study patients and 73% for those with localized disease. CONCLUSION It was possible to conduct sub-Saharan African multicenter therapeutic studies within the framework of GFAOP. Survival results were satisfactory. Improvements in procedure, data collection, and outcome are expected in a new study. Radiotherapy is needed to reduce the relapse rate in patients with stage III disease.
Age-Dependent Changes in Glucose Homeostasis in Male Deiodinase Type 2 Knockout Zebrafish
Authors: Houbrechts Anne M , Beckers An , Vancamp Pieter , Sergeys Jurgen , Gysemans Conny , Mathieu Chantal , Darras Veerle M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial regulators of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, inactivating mutations in type 2 deiodinase (DIO2), the major TH-activating enzyme, have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in both humans and mice. We studied the link between Dio2 deficiency and glucose homeostasis in fasted males of two different Dio2 knockout (KO) zebrafish lines. Young adult Dio2KO zebrafish (6 to 9 months) were hyperglycemic. Both insulin and glucagon expression were increased, whereas β and α cell numbers in the main pancreatic islet were similar to those in wild-types. Insulin receptor expression in skeletal muscle was decreased at 6 months, accompanied by a strong downregulation of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase expression. Blood glucose levels in Dio2KO zebrafish, however, normalized around 1 year of age. Older mutants (18 to 24 months) were normoglycemic, and increased insulin and glucagon expression was accompanied by a prominent increase in pancreatic islet size and β and α cell numbers. Older Dio2KO zebrafish also showed strongly decreased expression of glucagon receptors in the gastrointestinal system as well as decreased expression of glucose transporters GLUT2 and GLUT12, glucose-6-phosphatase, and glycogen synthase 2. This study shows that Dio2KO zebrafish suffer from transient hyperglycemia, which is counteracted with increasing age by a prominent hyperplasia of the endocrine pancreas together with decreases in hepatic glucagon sensitivity and intestinal glucose uptake. Further research on the mechanisms allowing compensation in older Dio2KO zebrafish may help to identify new therapeutic targets for (TH deficiency–related) hyperglycemia.
Predicting Risk of Perioperative Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Spine Fusion Surgery: A Cohort Study Using the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Shah Shikhar H. , Chen Yi-Fan , Moss Heather E. , Rubin Daniel S. , Joslin Charlotte E. , Roth Steven 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:
Ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) is a rare complication of anesthesia and surgery that causes vision loss in spine fusion. We sought to develop a predictive model based on known preoperative risk factors for perioperative ION to guide patient and physician preoperative decision-making.

METHODS:
In the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for 1998–2012, discharges for posterior thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine fusion were identified and classified by ION status. Variables were selected without weighting via variable clustering using Principal Component Analysis of Mixed Data (PCA-MIX). Hierarchical clustering with 4 clusters was performed, and the variable with largest squared loading in each cluster was chosen. By splitting our sample into a training and testing data set, we developed and internally validated a predictive model. The final model using variables known preoperatively was constructed to allow determination of relative and absolute risk of developing perioperative ION and was tested for calibration and discrimination.

RESULTS:
The final predictive model based on hierarchical clustering contained 3 preoperative factors, age, male or female sex, and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The predictive model based on these factors had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.65 and good calibration. A score cutoff of >1 had 100% sensitivity, while score of 3 had 96.5% specificity. The highest estimated absolute risk (844.5/million) and relative risk of ION (46.40) was for a man, age 40–64 years, with OSA.

CONCLUSIONS:
The predictive model could enable screening for patients at higher risk of ION to provide more accurate risk assessment and surgical and anesthetic planning for perioperative ION in spine fusion.
Maintenance of spatial gene expression by Polycomb-mediated repression after formation of a vertebrate body plan
Authors: Rougeot Julien , Chrispijn Naomi D. , Aben Marco , Elurbe Dei M. , Andralojc Karolina M. , Murphy Patrick J. , Jansen Pascal W. T. C. , Vermeulen Michiel , Cairns Bradley R. , Kamminga Leonie M. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are transcriptional repressors that are important regulators of cell fate during embryonic development. Among them, Ezh2 is responsible for catalyzing the epigenetic repressive mark H3K27me3 and is essential for animal development. The ability of zebrafish embryos lacking both maternal and zygotic ezh2 to form a normal body plan provides a unique model for comprehensively studying Ezh2 function during early development in vertebrates. By using a multi-omics approach, we found that Ezh2 is required for the deposition of H3K27me3 and is essential for proper recruitment of Polycomb group protein Rnf2. However, despite the complete absence of PcG-associated epigenetic mark and proteins, only minor changes in H3K4me3 deposition and gene and protein expression occur. These changes were mainly due to local dysregulation of transcription factors outside their normal expression boundaries. Altogether, our results in zebrafish show that Polycomb-mediated gene repression is important immediately after the body plan is formed to maintain spatially restricted expression profiles of transcription factors, and we highlight the differences that exist in the timing of PcG protein action between vertebrate species.
Ubiquitin-based modifications in endothelial cell–cell contact and inflammation
Authors: Majolée Jisca , Kovačević Igor , Hordijk Peter L. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Endothelial cell–cell contacts are essential for vascular integrity and physiology, protecting tissues and organs from edema and uncontrolled invasion of inflammatory cells. The vascular endothelial barrier is dynamic, but its integrity is preserved through a tight control at different levels. Inflammatory cytokines and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists, such as histamine, reduce endothelial integrity and increase vascular leakage. This is due to elevated myosin-based contractility, in conjunction with phosphorylation of proteins at cell–cell contacts. Conversely, reducing contractility stabilizes or even increases endothelial junctional integrity. Rho GTPases are key regulators of such cytoskeletal dynamics and endothelial cell–cell contacts. In addition to signaling-induced regulation, the expression of junctional proteins, such as occludin, claudins and vascular endothelial cadherin, also controls endothelial barrier function. There is increasing evidence that, in addition to protein phosphorylation, ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) is an important and dynamic post-translational modification that regulates Rho GTPases, junctional proteins and, consequently, endothelial barrier function. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation events in endothelial integrity and inflammation. The picture that emerges is one of increasing complexity, which is both fascinating and promising given the clinical relevance of vascular integrity in the control of inflammation, and of tissue and organ damage.
The Health Benefits of Exercise in Overweight and Obese Patients
Authors: Garber Carol Ewing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
More than 30% of U.S. adults are obese or overweight. A program of regular physical activity is recommended as part of an effective lifestyle intervention for weight loss and weight management. However, more than 40% of adults do not engage in sufficient physical activity to realize these beneficial effects on body weight. Physicians may encounter many barriers to counseling physical activity, such as lack of knowledge or self-efficacy for counseling patients about physical activity. Obese individuals may be reluctant to exercise because of weight stigma, physique anxiety, and other factors; therefore, referral to a weight management specialist or clinical exercise physiologist can be helpful in facilitating exercise and assisting in achieving a clinically meaningful weight loss. Exercise has many benefits on physical and mental health and well-being that go well beyond weight loss, and it is for these reasons that exercise is particularly important for overweight and obese individuals.
Sleep Deprivation and Its Contribution to Mood and Performance Deterioration in College Athletes
Authors: Bolin Delmas J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Sleep deprivation is very common among collegiate student athletes, resulting in impacts on mood, physiology, and performance. There are multifactorial contributions to sleep deprivation, but resulting alterations in sleep architecture explain impacts on learning, vigilance, mood, and athletic performance. Recognition of the physical impacts is key. Clinical inquiry is warranted. Medication can be helpful short term but should be used with caution due to effects on sleep cycle and the potential for addiction. Education is an effective intervention to increase sleep time, improve mood, and improve long-term sleep habits. Sleep extension, particularly in the setting of chronic partial sleep deprivation improves mood, vigilance, and athletic performance in the college setting.
‘Intervening early’: agendas and rationalisations for children’s developmental health
Authors: Cressman Celine , Miller Fiona A. , Guttmann Astrid , Cairney John , Hayeems Robin 
Published: September 2019

Background:Despite broad scientific consensus about the importance of the early years in the lifelong health and wellbeing of children, there is debate about whether and how healthcare professionals can optimise early child development through monitoring or screening. The evidence in support of a systematic population-level intervention is disputed, which is reflected in the diversity of approaches to developmental screening internationally.
Methods:Using a case-study design, and interpretive qualitative methods, we explored how Canadian experts in child health (n=39): a) rationalise why they do, or would, pursue population-level developmental screening; b) articulate the policy goals of such an intervention, and; c) justify the practice with reference to evidence.
Findings:Respondents identified three distinct framings, or policy agendas, for what developmental screening can and should seek to achieve, specifically: 1) as medical intervention, facilitating the early identification of health risk or disorder; 2) as social intervention, providing an opportunity for communication and connection with parents for all children; and 3) as political intervention, staking a claim for early child health on the broader political agenda.
Discussion and conclusions:Each agenda is justified by distinct types of evidence, posing a challenge to simplistic models of evidence-based policymaking, and demonstrating that evidence is not just an input, but a contested part of a dynamic and political policymaking process.
Öffentliches Wohnzimmer und City Lounge: Die neue Stadtbibliothek Innsbruck
Authors: Krenmayr Christina 
Published: September 2019

Zusammenfassung
Es wird gelacht, geplaudert, gelesen und gespielt: Wer die neue Stadtbibliothek in Innsbruck betritt, bemerkt sofort, dass dies ein Ort zum Wohlfühlen ist, ein Wohnzimmer für die ganze Stadt. Dieser Aspekt stand bei der Planung im Mittelpunkt. Die Gestaltung der Bibliothek sollte einerseits einen sehr niederschwelligen Zugang zur Bibliothek ermöglichen, andererseits aber auch hohe Aufenthaltsqualität liefern. Deshalb wurde verstärkt auf natürliche Materialien gesetzt, ohne aber auf ein modernes Design zu verzichten. Wichtig war, trotz der Größe des Raums eine zonierte und gemütliche Bibliothek zu gestalten.
In Quest of Institutional Interpretation of TFP Change—The Case of China
Authors: Wu Harry X. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This research note reiterates the productivity theory in the Solow growth accounting framework to explore an institutional interpretation of changes in total factor productivity. In theory, total factor productivity or TFP growth is a costless gain in output, which captures the effect of positive externalities caused by spillovers of technological and organizational changes in a perfect market system. This provides a yardstick to gauge institutional effect on output in an imperfect market system if all inputs are properly measured. Using the Chinese case, I show that an integrated approach a la Jorgenson and Griliches (1967. “The Explanation of Productivity Change.” Review of Economic Studies 34 (3): 249–283) that ensures a consistency between theory, methodology and measurement can facilitate empirical exercises even with data problems, and a so-constructed TFP index for China can satisfactorily reproduce China’s post-reform productivity path with institutional interpretations.
“Drug-likeness” properties of natural compounds
Authors: Ntie-Kang Fidele , Nyongbela Kennedy D. , Ayimele Godfred A. , Shekfeh Suhaib 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Our previous work was focused on the fundamental physical and chemical concepts behind “drug-likeness” and “natural product (NP)-likeness”. Herein, we discuss further details on the concepts of “drug-likeness”, “lead-likeness” and “NP-likeness”. The discussion will first focus on NPs as drugs, then a discussion of previous studies in which the complexities of the scaffolds and chemical space of naturally occurring compounds have been compared with synthetic, semisynthetic compounds and the Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. This is followed by guiding principles for designing “drug-like” natural product libraries for lead compound discovery purposes. In addition, we present a tool for measuring “NP-likeness” of compounds and a brief presentation of machine-learning approaches. A binary quantitative structure–activity relationship for classifying drugs from nondrugs and natural compounds from nonnatural ones is also described. While the studies add to the plethora of recently published works on the “drug-likeness” of NPs, it no doubt increases our understanding of the physicochemical properties that make NPs fall within the ranges associated with “drug-like” molecules.
Acute Effect of Eccentric Overload Exercises on Change of Direction Performance and Lower-Limb Muscle Contractile Function
Authors: Beato Marco , Madruga-Parera Marc , Piqueras-Sanchiz Francisco , Moreno-Pérez Victor , Romero-Rodriguez Daniel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Beato, M, Madruga-Parera, M, Piqueras-Sanchiz, F, Moreno-Pérez, V, and Romero-Rodriguez, D. Acute effect of eccentric overload exercises on change of direction performance and lower-limb muscle contractile function. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3327–3333, 2021—This study aimed to evaluate the postactivation potentiation (PAP) effects following eccentric overload (EOL) exercises on change of direction (COD) performance and muscle contractile function. Thirty-one male soccer players (age 21 ± 4 years; body mass 77.0 ± 5.2 kg) were involved in a cross-sectional study. Dominant-leg (COD-5mD) and non-dominant-leg (COD-5mND) shuttle tests were performed 4 minutes after the EOL exercises. Muscle contractile function was assessed by tensiomyography (TMG) such as muscle contraction time (Tc), time delay (Td) and displacement of the muscle belly (Dm) of vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF). Eccentric overload exercises were: (a) cross-cutting step with inertial conical pulley (INC = 11 subjects), (b) flywheel leg extension (EXT = 10 subjects), and flywheel yo-yo squat exercise (SQU = 10 subjects). Differences baseline-post were found on COD-5mD (p < 0.001) and on COD-5mND (p < 0.001), but not between groups (p > 0.05) following EOL exercises. Differences from baseline were found in VL Td (p < 0.001), VM Td (p = 0.003), RF Tc (p < 0.001), and RF Td (p < 0.001) with no significant differences between the EOL exercises. This study reported a significant positive PAP response on COD-5mD and COD-5mND after 4 minutes of recovery after EOL exercises (INC, EXT and SQU) in soccer players. For the first time, it has been reported that EOL exercises acutely affect TMG variables (e.g., Tc and Td) in lower limbs. Such results related to changes in muscular contractile functions may contribute to explain the physiological mechanisms (e.g., neuromuscular factors) associated with PAP effect.
A Single Session of Straight Line and Change-of-Direction Sprinting per Week Does Not Lead to Different Fitness Improvements in Elite Young Soccer Players
Authors: Beato Marco , Bianchi Mattia , Coratella Giuseppe , Merlini Michele , Drust Barry 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Beato, M, Bianchi, M, Coratella, G, Merlini, M, and Drust, B. A single session of straight line and change-of-direction sprinting per week does not lead to different fitness improvements in elite young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 518–524, 2022—Effective prescription is especially important in elite soccer players, who have a very limited time to dedicate to specific physical development as a consequence of factors such as congested match schedules and travel. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of one repeated-sprint training (RST) session per week over an 8-week period on physical performance. A second aim was to compare the effect of RST involving straight sprints (RST-SS) or changes of direction (RST-COD). This study used a randomized pre-post parallel group trial design. The elite soccer players were randomly assigned to either an RST-SS (10 players) or RST-COD (10 players). RST-SS was 3 sets of 7 × 30-m sprints with 20-second and 4-minute recovery between sprints and sets, respectively. RST-COD was 3 sets of 7 × 20 + 20 m (one COD of 180°) shuttle sprints with 20-second and 4-minute recovery between sprints and sets, respectively. The physical tests selected were long jump, repeated-sprint ability (RSA) best, RSA mean, 505 agility test, Yo-Yo recovery level 1, 10, 30, and 40 m sprints. RST-SS reported unclear variations in long jump, sprint 30 m, sprint 40 m, RSA best, and RSA mean, whereas RST-COD showed unclear and trivial variations in sprint 10 m, sprint 30 m, sprint 40 m, RSA best, and RSA mean. The between-group analysis did not report any statistical difference. In conclusion, a single session of RST-SS and RST-COD do not improve soccer-specific fitness indicators in elite youth players during the season.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α) Counteracts the Acute Death of Cells Transplanted into the Injured Spinal Cord
Authors: David Brian T. , Curtin Jessica J. , Goldberg David C. , Scorpio Kerri , Kandaswamy Veena , Hill Caitlin E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCellular transplantation is in clinical testing for a number of central nervous system disorders, including spinal cord injury (SCI). One challenge is acute transplanted cell death. To prevent this death, there is a need to both establish when the death occurs and develop approaches to mitigate its effects. Here, using luciferase (luc) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing Schwann cell (SC) transplants in the contused thoracic rat spinal cord 7 d postinjury, we establish viain vivobioluminescent (IVIS) imaging and stereology that cell death occurs prior to 2–3 d postimplantation. We then test an alternative approach to the current paradigm of enhancing transplant survival by including multiple factors along with the cells. To stimulate multiple cellular adaptive pathways concurrently, we activate the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) transcriptional pathway. Retroviral expression of VP16-HIF-1α in SCs increased HIF-α by 5.9-fold and its target genes implicated in oxygen transport and delivery (VEGF, 2.2-fold) and cellular metabolism (enolase, 1.7-fold). In cell death assaysin vitro, HIF-1α protected cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. It also provided some protection against camptothecin-induced DNA damage, but not thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress or tunicamycin-induced unfolded protein response. Following transplantation, VP16-HIF-1α increased SC survival by 34.3%. The increase in cell survival was detectable by stereology, but not byin vivoluciferase orex vivoGFP IVIS imaging. The results support the hypothesis that activating adaptive cellular pathways enhances transplant survival and identifies an alternative pro-survival approach that, with optimization, could be amenable to clinical translation.