bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cysteine residues contribute to the dimerization and enzymatic activity of human nuclear dUTP nucleotidohydrolase (nDut)
Authors: Rotoli Shawna M. , Jones Julia L. , Caradonna Salvatore J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractdUTPase is an enzyme found in all organisms that have thymine as a constituent of DNA. Through evolution, humans have two major isoforms of dUTPase: a mitochondrial (mDut) and a nuclear (nDut) isoform. The nuclear isoform of dUTPase is a 164‐amino‐acids‐long protein containing three cysteine residues. nDut's starting methionine is post‐translationally cleaved, leaving four unique amino acids on its amino‐terminus including one cysteine residue (C3). These are not present in the mitochondrial isoform (mDut). Using mass spectrometry analyses of recombinant dUTPase constructs, we have discovered an intermolecular disulfide bridge between cysteine‐3 of each nDut monomer. We have found that these two residues stabilize a dimer configuration that is unique to the nDut isoform. We have also uncovered an intramolecular disulfide linkage between cysteine residues C78 and C134, stabilizing the monomeric state of the protein. Of note, both disulfide linkages are essential for nDut's enzymatic activity and dimeric formation can be augmented by the addition of the oxidizing agent, hydrogen peroxide to cells. Analyses of endogenous cellular dUTPase proteins confirm these differences between the two isoforms. We observed that mDut appears to be a mixture of monomer, dimer, and trimer conformations, as well as higher‐order subunit interactions. In contrast, nDut appeared to exist only in monomeric and dimeric forms. Cysteine‐based redox “switches” have recently emerged as a distinct class of post‐translational modification. In light of this and our results, we propose that nDut possesses a redox switch whereby cysteine interactions regulate nDut's dUTP‐hydrolyzing activity.
Prediction of the force demands of tall buildings through the enhanced pushover procedures
Authors: Amini Mohamad Amin , Poursha Mehdi 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper attempts to comprehensively evaluate the accuracy of the enhanced pushover procedures in estimating the force demands of tall building structures. In this process, the efficiency of different pushover methods in taking the higher modes effect into account for the computation of the force demands is assessed. The enhanced pushover methods including the modal pushover analysis, force‐based adaptive pushover, displacement‐based adaptive pushover, consecutive modal pushover (CMP), single‐run multimode pushover (SMP), nonadaptive displacement‐based pushover, and adaptive force‐based multimode pushover procedures, as well as the conventional pushover analysis, are applied to the three special steel moment‐resisting frames to compute the internal force demands of structural members. The seismic force demands resulting from the enhanced pushover procedures are compared with those from the nonlinear response history analysis (NL‐RHA) as a benchmark solution. Furthermore, in order to evaluate approximately the degree to which the higher modes may affect deformation and force demands of tall buildings, the ratio of structural demands computed by the NL‐RHA to those obtained by the conventional pushover analysis is determined. The results demonstrate that the CMP and SMP procedures can accurately estimate the force demands of tall buildings. It is shown that the effects of higher modes on the story drifts and column shear forces and bending moments are larger than those on the other force demands.
The spectrum of 2+1 dimensional Yang-Mills theory on a twisted spatial torus
Authors: Pérez Margarita García , González-Arroyo Antonio , Koren Mateusz , Okawa Masanori 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe compute and analyse the low-lying spectrum of 2+1 dimensional SU(N) Yang-Mills theory on a spatial torus of sizel×lwith twisted boundary conditions. This paper extends our previous work [1]. In that paper we studied the sector with non-vanishing electric flux and concluded that the energies only depend on the parameters through two combinations:x=λN l/(4π) (withλthe ’t Hooft coupling) and the twist angle$$ \tilde{\theta} $$θ˜defined in terms of the magnetic flux piercing the two-dimensional box. Here we made a more complete study and we are able to condense our results, obtained by non-perturbative lattice methods, into a simple expression which has important implications for the absence of tachyonic instabilities, volume independence and non-commutative field theory. Then we extend our study to the sector of vanishing electric flux. We conclude that the onset of the would-be large-volume glueball states occurs at an approximately fixed value ofx, much before the stringy torelon states have become very massive.
Public issues or issue publics? The distribution of genuine political attitudes
Authors: DUFRESNE YANNICK , OUELLET CATHERINE 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is an inherent conflict between the political marketing model of humans and pioneering theories in electoral behavior research. While political marketing logic implies an issue-based and highly volatile voting behavior, voting theories conventionally assume that positional issues have little effect on how individuals vote, and so parties have little incentive to develop issue-based electoral strategies. However, few people would challenge the role that marketing now plays in the modern campaign process. How can we reconcile these theories? This paper revisits the role and impact of positional issues on voting behavior by testing whether specific issues affect different subgroups of voters as contended by the ‘issue-public’ theory. The results show that previous models underestimate issue voting. Once measurement accuracy is improved and the salience-based heterogeneity of issue effects is taken into consideration, positional issues have non-negligible effects on individual vote choice. Furthermore, salience-based heterogeneity is shown to explain better the variation in issue voting than heterogeneity based on political sophistication.
Juste part, boycott et loi spéciale. Le cadrage gouvernemental d'un printemps de crise sociale
Authors: Giasson Thierry , Dubois Philippe 
Published: July 2018

RésuméCet article étudie la stratégie de communication gouvernementale lors du mouvement de grève étudiante de 2012 au Québec. Six ans après la fin du conflit, et malgré la production d'un volume important d'analyses et de réflexions sur cette crise sociale, aucune étude empirique n'a recensé systématiquement le contenu de la stratégie communicationnelle du gouvernement. Par le biais d'une analyse de contenu quantitative des interventions publiques des membres de l'exécutif, cette étude relève les cadres argumentaires au cœur de la stratégie de communication gouvernementale. S'inspirant de la théorie de l'activation en cascade d'Entman, l'analyse montre comment le gouvernement a tenté de définir les problèmes, les solutions et les protagonistes impliqués dans le conflit sociétal qu'a traversé le Québec en 2012. Notre analyse met en lumière l’échec gouvernemental à maintenir au fil des évènements l'initiative du cadrage de la crise, et le changement de stratégie communicationnelle qui en résulte.
EXTREME POINTS FOR COMBINATORIAL BANACH SPACES
Authors: BEANLAND KEVIN , DUNCAN NOAH , HOLT MICHAEL , QUIGLEY JAMES 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA norm ‖ċ‖ on c00 is called combinatorial if there is a regular family of finite subsets $\mathcal{F}$, so that $\|x\|=\sup_{F \in \mathcal{F}} \sum_{i \in F} |x(i)|$. We prove the set of extreme points of the ball of a combinatorial Banach space is countable. This extends a theorem of Shura and Trautman. The second contribution of this article is to exhibit many new examples of extreme points for the unit ball of dual Tsirelson's original space and give an explicit construction of an uncountable collection of extreme points of the ball of Tsirelson's original space. We also prove some stability properties of the intermediate norms used to define Tsirelson's space and give a lower bound of the stabilization function for these intermediate norms.
Human–wildlife coexistence: attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators in the Maasai Mara, Kenya
Authors: Broekhuis Femke , Kaelo Michael , Sakat Dominic Kantai , Elliot Nicholas B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLiving alongside predators can entail substantial costs both in terms of livelihoods and personal safety. Negative interactions with predators can lead to negative attitudes and behavioural intentions such as retaliatory or pre-emptive killing. As a result, conservation strategies are increasingly adopting human–wildlife coexistence approaches aimed at minimizing the costs associated with living with predators by providing direct or indirect benefits. This is done in the hope that people will foster positive attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators. However, people's attitudes and their behavioural intentions are not necessarily linked, and both need to be understood for conservation actions to be effective. We conducted 747 semi-structured interviews with community members in the Maasai Mara, Kenya, to determine which factors influenced people's attitudes and behavioural intentions towards predators and whether the two were linked. Most interviewees (57.52%) had a positive attitude towards predators as measured by their assertion that people, livestock and predators should coexist. Their attitude was dependent on benefits, occupation, conservancy membership and perceived community ownership of predators, but was not influenced by the costs of livestock depredation. Most respondents who were members of a conservancy had positive attitudes towards predators but this differed by conservancy, suggesting that, in addition to benefits, conservation politics could influence attitudes. In total, 10.3% of respondents said that they would kill a predator if it killed their livestock. This behavioural intention was only influenced by the respondent's attitude. Understanding the factors that influence attitudes and behavioural intentions will aid future management and coexistence strategies.
The meaning of a claim is its reproducibility
Authors: de Ruiter Jan P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA scientific claim is ageneralizationbased on a reported statistically significant effect. The reproducibility of that claim is its scientific meaning. Anything not explicitly mentioned in a scientific claim as a limitation of the claim's scope means that it implicitly generalizes over these unmentioned aspects. Hence, so-called “conceptual” replications that differ in these unmentioned aspects from the original study are legitimate, and necessary to test the generalization implied by the original study's claim.
Bayesian belief updating after a replication experiment
Authors: Holcombe Alex O. , Gershman Samuel J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractZwaan et al. and others discuss the importance of the inevitable differences between a replication experiment and the corresponding original experiment. But these discussions are not informed by a principled, quantitative framework for taking differences into account. Bayesian confirmation theory provides such a framework. It will not entirely solve the problem, but it will lead to new insights.
An argument for how (and why) to incentivise replication
Authors: Howe Piers D. L. , Perfors Amy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough Zwaan et al. (2018) have made a compelling case as to why direct replications should occur more frequently than they do, they do not address how such replications attempts can best be encouraged. We propose a novel method for incentivising replication attempts and discuss some issues surrounding its implementation.
Direct replications in the era of open sampling
Authors: Paolacci Gabriele , Chandler Jesse 
Published: July 2018

AbstractData collection in psychology increasingly relies on “open populations” of participants recruited online, which presents both opportunities and challenges for replication. Reduced costs and the possibility to access the same populations allows for more informative replications. However, researchers should ensure the directness of their replications by dealing with the threats of participant nonnaiveté and selection effects.
The importance of exact conceptual replications
Authors: Petty Richard E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough Zwaan et al. argue that original researchers should provide a replication recipe that provides great specificity about the operational details of one's study, I argue that it may be as important to provide a recipe that allows replicators to conduct a study that matches the original in as many conceptual details as possible (i.e., an exact conceptual replication).
Holding replication studies to mainstream standards of evidence
Authors: Wegener Duane T. , Fabrigar Leandre R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReplications can make theoretical contributions, but are unlikely to do so if their findings are open to multiple interpretations (especially violations of psychometric invariance). Thus, just as studies demonstrating novel effects are often expected to empirically evaluate competing explanations, replications should be held to similar standards. Unfortunately, this is rarely done, thereby undermining the value of replication research.
RACE, CRIME, AND THE CHANGING FORTUNES OF URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS, 1999–2013
Authors: Krivo Lauren J. , Vélez María B. , Lyons Christopher J. , Phillips Jason B. , Sabbath Elizabeth 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor over a century, scholars have traced higher levels of serious crime in minority compared to White neighborhoods to stark socioeconomic inequality. Yet, this research is largely cross-sectional and does not assess how ethnoracial differences in crime patterns evolve over time in response to shifting structural conditions. The new century witnessed substantial changes to the circumstances that undergird the ethnoracial divide in neighborhood crime as well as a national crime decline. How are the changing dynamics of urban inequality reinforcing or diminishing racial and ethnic disparities in neighborhood crime in the context of the “Great American Crime Decline”? We address this question by first identifying distinct paths of violent and property crime change between 1999 and 2013 for almost 2700 neighborhoods across eighteen cities. We then assess how initial and changing levels of disadvantage, housing instability, and demographics explain divergent crime trajectories within neighborhoods. We find that most neighborhoods have lower levels of homicide and burglary than fifteen years ago. However, homicide and burglary increased in some neighborhoods, and this trend is largely limited to Black neighborhoods. Disadvantage and the housing crisis are critical in accounting for the heightened risk of neighborhoods having increasing rather than decreasing crime trends. In contrast, immigration is linked with declining and stable trends in violent and property crime. Overall, results indicate a widening of the racial-spatial divide for the most marginalized communities in the United States.
AN ELABORATION AND CRITIQUE OF “REASSESSING ‘TOWARD A THEORY OF RACE, CRIME, AND URBAN INEQUALITY’”
Authors: Vélez María B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the prior article in this volume, Robert Sampson and colleagues (2018) take theoretical and empirical stock of a framework they presented twenty years ago. They find broad empirical support for its core tenets. Differences in disadvantage explain most, if not all, observed gaps in violent crime between Black and White neighborhoods; disadvantage also operates similarly to foster crime in Black and White areas. The authors also lament the limited research on the key intervening mechanism of community social organization, particularly its cultural and political sources, that links disadvantage to crime. I have two primary goals in commenting on this article. First, in keeping with their assessment, I provide my take on their agenda for extending the framework beyond the Black-White divide, giving greater attention to the political sources of community social organization, and considering reciprocal relationships between crime, race, and disadvantage. Second, I elaborate on how my views differ from Sampson and colleagues’ regarding strategies to empirically validate the racial invariance thesis, the breadth of support for the thesis beyond its core tenets, and the role of culture. I provide these critiques to encourage further work exploring the explanatory power of Sampson and colleagues’ thesis, and, to thereby foster a better understanding of enduring inequities in violent crime between racialized minority populations and Whites. Without their ecologically-based approach, we run the risk of essentializing minorities as criminogenic, like recent work espousing cultural (devoid of structural) and biological (devoid of social) explanations for the race-crime link.
Toxicity of Shirazi thyme, Zataria multiflora essential oil to the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Chegini Samira Goudarzvande , Abbasipour Habib , Karimi Jaber , Askarianzadeh Alireza 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe tomato leafminer,Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) is a destructive pest of tomato, potato and other solanaceous crops of economic importance. One of the primary tools in its management is the use of conventional synthetic insecticides; however, this overreliance on synthetic insecticides quickly leads to the problem of insecticide resistance. In recent years, essential oils (EOs) of medicinal plants have received much attention as pest control chemical agents. If found, active compounds that are less persistent will be beneficial for both the environment and agricultural product consumers. In the current study, we studied the fumigant toxicity of EO of the Shirazi thyme,Zataria multifloraBoiss on the eggs, the second larval instars and adults. We analysed the composition of the EO by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The major component in the oil was thymol (33.52%). The EO showed strong adulticidal, larvicidal and ovicidal activity. Results show that by increasing the oil concentration, mortality will increase. By Probit analysis, the LC50values for eggs, second larvae (inside leaf, outside leaf) and adults were 60.26, 4.44, 1.26 and 1.38 µl/L air, respectively. The EO ofZ. multifloramay be suitable as a fumigant, because of its high volatility and safety.
Opening the black box of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs): unpacking the technical remuneration structure of the Dutch DRG system
Authors: van Herwaarden Sam , Wallenburg Iris , Messelink Joris , Bal Roland 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhile we know that upcoding of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) regularly occurs, we have little knowledge of the role of the technical features of coding systems in inducing coding behaviour. This paper presents methods for investigating the financial structure of the Dutch DRG system, and more in particular the grouper software, to gain such insight. The paper describes a system for investigating the robustness of the reward structure, by simulating the response of the DRG system to small changes in individual coding. The results from these analyses are used to visualise some data on coding behaviour, and to investigate how this behaviour is affected by incentives in the technical features of the DRG system. A number of technical weaknesses in the system are also identified.
Infrasound Signal Detection and Back Azimuth Estimation Using Ground‐Coupled Airwaves on a Seismo‐Acoustic Sensor Pair
Authors: McKee Kathleen , Fee David , Haney Matthew , Matoza Robin S. , Lyons John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present a new infrasonic signal detection and back azimuth determination technique that requires just one microphone and one three‐component seismometer. Ground‐coupled airwaves (GCAs) occur when an incident atmospheric acoustic wave impinges on the ground surface and is partially transmitted as a seismic wave. GCAs are commonly detected hundreds of kilometers away on seismic networks and are observed to have retrograde particle motion. Horizontally propagating acoustic waves and GCAs have previously been observed on collocated infrasound and seismic sensor pairs as coherent with a 90° phase difference. If the sensors are spatially separated, an additional propagation‐induced phase shift is present. The additional phase shift depends on the direction from which the acoustic wave arrives, as each back azimuth has a different apparent distance between the sensors. We use the additional phase shift, the coherence, and the characteristic particle motion on the three‐component seismometer to determine GCA arrivals and their unique back azimuth. We test this technique with synthetic seismo‐acoustic data generated by a coupled Earth‐atmosphere 3‐D finite difference code, as well as three seismo‐acoustic data sets from Mount St. Helens, Mount Cleveland, and Mount Pagan volcanoes. Results from our technique compare favorably with traditional infrasound array processing and provide robust GCA detection and back azimuth determination. Assuming adequate station spacing and sampling, our technique provides a new and robust method to detect infrasonic signals and determine their back azimuth, and may be of practical benefit where resources are limited and large sensor networks or arrays are not feasible.
IPIM Modeling of the Ionospheric F2 Layer Depletion at High Latitudes During a High‐Speed Stream Event
Authors: Marchaudon A. , Blelly P.‐L. , Grandin M. , Aikio A. , Kozlovsky A. , Virtanen I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOur aim is to understand the effect of high‐speed stream events on the high‐latitude ionosphere and more specifically the decrease of the foF2 frequency during the entire day following the impact. First, we have selected one summertime event, for which a large data set was available: Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) and European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) radars, Tromsø and Sodankylä ionosondes, and the CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite. We modeled with the IPIM model (IRAP Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model) the dynamics of the ionosphere at Tromsø and Sodankylä using inputs derived from the data. The simulations nicely match the measurements made by the EISCAT radar and the ionosondes, and we showed that the decrease of foF2 is associated with a transition from F2 to F1 layer resulting from a decrease of neutral atomic oxygen concentration. Modeling showed that electrodynamics can explain short‐term behavior on the scale of a few hours, but long‐term behavior on the scale of a few days results from the perturbation induced in the atmosphere. Enhancement of convection is responsible for a sharp increase of the ion temperature by Joule heating, leading through chemistry to an immediate reduction of the F2 layer. Then, ion drag on neutrals is responsible for a rapid heating and expansion of the thermosphere. This expansion affects atomic oxygen through nonthermal upward flow, which results in a decrease of its concentration and amplifies the decrease of [O]/[N2] ratio. This thermospheric change explains long‐term extinction of the F2 layer.