bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bta‐miR‐152 affects intracellular triglyceride content by targeting the UCP3 gene
Authors: Shen Binglei , Han Shuo , Wang Yuxuan , Yang Zhuonina , Zou Ziwen , Liu Juan , Zhao Zhihui , Wu Rui , Wang Changyuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAccording to our previous studies, bta‐miR‐152, PRKAA1 and UCP3 are differentially expressed in mammary gland tissues of high milk fat and low milk fat cows, and the trend in bta‐miR‐152 expression is opposite from those of PRKAA1 and UCP3. To further identify the function and regulatory mechanism of bta‐miR‐152 in milk fat metabolism, we investigated the effect of bta‐miR‐152 on cellular triglyceride content in bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro, on the basis of bta‐miR‐152 overexpression and inhibition assays. The target genes of bta‐miR‐152 were identified through qPCR, Western blotting and dual luciferase reporter gene detection. Compared with that in the control group, the expression of UCP3 was significantly lower in the bta‐miR‐152 mimic group, the expression of PRKAA1 was decreased, and the intracellular TAG content was significantly increased. After transfection with bta‐miR‐152 inhibitor, the expression of UCP3 increased significantly, and the expression of PRKAA1 decreased, but the difference was not significant; in addition, the intracellular TAG content decreased significantly. Therefore, we concluded that bta‐miR‐152 affects the intracellular TAG content by targeting UCP3.
Unifying facilitation and recruitment networks
Authors: Alcántara Julio M. , Garrido José L. , Montesinos‐Navarro Alicia , Rey Pedro J. , Valiente‐Banuet Alfonso , Verdú Miguel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEcological network studies are providing important advances about the organization, stability and dynamics of ecological systems. However, the ecological networks approach is being integrated very slowly in plant community ecology, even though the first studies on plant facilitation networks (FNs) were published more than a decade ago. The study of interaction networks between established plants and plants recruiting beneath them, which we call Recruitment Networks (RNs), can provide new insights on mechanisms driving plant community structure and dynamics. RNs basically describe which plants recruit under which others, so they can be seen as a generalisation of the classic FNs since they do not imply any particular effect (positive, negative or neutral) of the established plants on recruiting ones. RNs summarise information on the structure of sapling banks. More importantly, the information included in RNs can be incorporated into models of replacement dynamics to evaluate how different aspects of network structure, or different mechanisms of network assembly, may affect plant community stability and species coexistence. To allow an efficient development of the study of FNs and RNs, here we unify concepts, synthesise current knowledge, clarify some conceptual issues, and propose basic methodological guidelines to standardise sampling methods that could make future studies of these networks directly comparable.
Efficacy and safety of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in difficult‐to‐manage hydrothorax in cirrhosis
Authors: Jindal Ankur , Mukund Amar , Kumar Guresh , Sarin Shiv K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPleural effusions (PE) complicate cirrhosis in ~5% of patients. Identification of cause and related complications is imperative. Unlike refractory ascites, large‐scale studies on interventions for refractory PE are limited.MethodsConsecutive hospitalized cirrhotics having PE were retrospectively analysed. None had liver transplantation (LT) within 6‐month follow‐up. We determined safety, efficacy and mortality predictors for PE managed with standard medical treatment (SMT), thoracentesis, catheter drainage and TIPS.ResultsOf 1149 cirrhotics with PE (mean Child‐Pugh 10.6 ± 1.8 and MELD 21.2 ± 7.4), 82.6% had hepatic hydrothorax (HH) and 12.3% were suspected tubercular PE (TBPE). Despite comparable HVPG and MELD scores, patients with HH developed more AKI, encephalopathy and septic shock (all P < .01) on follow‐up. Among HH, 73.5% were symptomatic, 53.2% isolated right‐sided PE and 21.3% had SBE. Presence of SBP [Odd's ratio, OR: 4.5] and catheter drainage [OR: 2.1] were independent predictors for SBE. In 70.3% of admissions, HH responded to SMT alone, 12.9% required thoracentesis and 11.5% underwent catheter drainage. Fifty‐one patients were selected for TIPS [lower mean CTP 9.9 ± 1.6 and MELD score 18.7 ± 5.4]. Despite reduction in pressure gradient from 23.1 ± 3.8 mm Hg to 7.2 ± 2.5 mm Hg, 25 patients had partial response, 10 had complete HH resolution. Major post‐TIPS complications were portosystemic encephalopathy (eight patients, six resolved) and ischaemic hepatitis (four patients, two resolved). Overall, 35.9% patients with HH had 6‐month mortality and independent predictors were MELD > 25, SBP and septic shock.ConclusionRefractory PE in cirrhosis requiring interventions including TIPS has poor outcome. The role of haemodynamics in predicting post‐TIPS response and complications is limited. Early referral for LT is imperative.
Efficacy and safety of combination antifungal therapy in Korean haematological patients with invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Lee Dong‐Gun , Lee Hye‐Jung , Yan Jean Li , Lin Stephen Sheng‐Fong , Aram Jalal A. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial assessed the efficacy, safety and tolerability of voriconazole+anidulafungin (combination) or voriconazole+placebo (monotherapy) for invasive aspergillosis (IA; NCT00531479). We present a post hoc analysis of Korean and non‐Korean patients with IA (including baseline positive serum galactomannan [GM]). Immunocompromised patients ≥ 16 years with IA were randomised 1:1, combination or monotherapy, for ≥ 2 weeks’ treatment. The primary endpoint was 6‐ and 12‐week all‐cause mortality (Korean modified intent‐to‐treat [mITT] population). Overall, 454 patients enrolled (Koreans: 56 [combination: 28, monotherapy: 28], non‐Koreans: 398 [combination: 200, monotherapy: 198]). The mITT population comprised 40 Koreans (combination: 23; monotherapy: 17) and 237 non‐Koreans (combination: 112; monotherapy: 125). Week 6 treatment difference in mortality rate between combination and monotherapy was −6.4% in non‐Koreans. This reduction was more marked in Koreans (−22.4%). Week 12 difference in all‐cause mortality between combination and monotherapy was −17.7% (Koreans) and −20.2% at Week 6 (Koreans; positive baseline GM). Week 6 mortality (Koreans [mITT]; baseline GM >0.5‐2.0) was 0/13 (combination) and 2/6 (monotherapy). Serious adverse events were numerically higher for combination than monotherapy (Koreans: 57.1%, 46.4%; non‐Koreans: 49.5%, 46.0%). In Koreans, combination therapy was associated with marginally better outcomes than monotherapy and more so than in non‐Koreans.
The association between dietetic consultation and time to dialysis for patients attending a pre‐dialysis clinic: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Notaras Stephanie , Galea Leanne , Lee Paul , Mak May , Lambert Kelly , Makris Angela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimA multidisciplinary approach, including dietetics, is considered the optimal model of care for dialysis preparation. Dietetic consultation (DC) focuses on symptom management and dietary changes to delay time to dialysis. Evidence of the effectiveness of DC on time to dialysis is limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of DC on time to dialysis for patients attending a pre‐dialysis clinic.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was designed to include all patients attending outpatient pre‐dialysis clinics at a large metropolitan renal service between January 2014 and March 2018. Time to dialysis (days) was compared between patients that received DC and those who did not. Cox proportional hazards analysis allowing for adjustment of differences and confounders was undertaken.ResultsA cohort of 246 patients was identified. Median estimated glomerular filtration rate was 16mL/min per 1.73 m2 (interquartile range = 13–20) at initial pre‐dialysis clinic visit and 63% commenced dialysis during the study period. Only 41% of patients received dietetic consultation. Significantly fewer patients needed to commence dialysis in the DC group compared to the no‐DC group (hazards ratio 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45–0.89; P = 0.008 Cox proportion hazard). The DC group commenced dialysis significantly later than the no‐DC group; 933 days (95% CI 832–1034) versus 710 days (95% CI 630–790) respectively, after the initial pre‐dialysis clinic visit; log–rank 0.005.ConclusionDC provided to patients attending a pre‐dialysis clinic was associated with a delayed time to dialysis. Standardised referral pathways to improve patient access to renal dietetic services are recommended to optimise care.
Characterization of projections of longitudinal muscle motor neurons in human colon
Authors: Humenick Adam , Chen Bao Nan , Lauder Chris I. W. , Wattchow David A. , Zagorodnyuk Vladimir P. , Dinning Phil G. , Spencer Nick J. , Costa Marcello , Brookes Simon J. H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe enteric nervous system contains inhibitory and excitatory motor neurons which modulate smooth muscle contractility. Cell bodies of longitudinal muscle motor neurons have not been identified in human intestine.MethodsWe used retrograde tracing ex vivo with DiI, with multiple labeling immunohistochemistry, to characterize motor neurons innervating tenial and inter‐tenial longitudinal muscle of human colon.Key ResultsThe most abundant immunohistochemical markers in the tertiary plexus were vesicular acetylcholine transporter, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Of retrogradely traced motor neurons innervating inter‐tenial longitudinal muscle, 95% were located within 6mm oral or anal to the DiI application site. Excitatory motor neuron cell bodies, immunoreactive for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), were clustered aborally, whereas NOS‐immunoreactive cell bodies were distributed either side of the DiI application site. Motor neurons had small cell bodies, averaging 438 + 18µm2 in cross‐sectional area, similar for ChAT‐ and NOS‐immunoreactive subtypes. Motor neurons innervating the tenia had slightly longer axial projections, with 95% located within 9mm. ChAT‐immunoreactive excitatory motor neurons to tenia were clustered aborally, whereas NOS‐immunoreactive inhibitory motor neurons had both ascending and descending projections. VIP immunoreactivity was rarely present without NOS immunoreactivity in motor neurons.Conclusions and InferencesTenial and inter‐tenial motor neurons innervating the longitudinal muscle have short projections. Inhibitory motor neurons have less polarized projections than cholinergic excitatory motor neurons. Longitudinal and circular muscle layers are innervated by distinct local populations of excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons. A population of human enteric neurons that contribute significantly to colonic motility has been characterized.
Progressive deterioration of pollination service detected in a 17‐year study vanishes in a 26‐year study
Authors: Thomson James D. 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Widespread reports of declining populations of pollinators have raised concerns that plant populations may be incurring increasing shortfalls in pollination, but few studies have measured pollination deficits over enough seasons to detect such changes. I have conducted pollen‐supplementation experiments in a wild population of the glacier lily (Erythronium grandiflorum, Liliaceae) from 1993 to 2018.

Pollination deficits were estimated by comparing the fruit set of hand‐pollinated, single‐flowered plants to that of open‐pollinated controls. For a subset of years, seed set data were also available.

A previous publication reported a significant deterioration of pollination in this population from 1993 to 2009, and suggested phenological dislocation as a possible cause. That deterioration is no longer evident in the longer‐term data set.

Very long time series may be necessary to detect temporal trends in pollination service. This population consistently experiences stronger pollination deficits before its flowering peak than after. This heterogeneity suggests caution in characterizing a population as pollination‐limited or not, even within a single season.
Association between the Charlson comorbidity index and outcomes after implantable cardioverter defibrillator generator replacement
Authors: Amin Mustapha M. , Witt Chance M. , Waks Jonathan W. , Mehta Ramila A. , Friedman Paul A. , Kramer Daniel B. , Buxton Alfred E. , Mulpuru Siva K. , Hodge David O. , Frey Rebecca J. , Frederick Nicolette K. , Cha Yong‐Mei , Brenes‐Salazar Jorge , Madhavan Malini 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecipients of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) generator replacement with multiple medical comorbidities may be at higher risk of adverse outcomes that attenuate the benefit of ICD replacement. The aim of this investigation was to study the association between the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and outcomes after ICD generator replacement.MethodsAll patients undergoing first ICD generator replacement at Mayo Clinic, Rochester and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston between 2001 and 2011 were identified. Outcomes included: (a) all‐cause mortality, (b) appropriate ICD therapy, and (c) death prior to appropriate therapy. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess association between CCI and outcomes.ResultsWe identified 1421 patients with mean age of 69.6 ± 12.1 years, 81% male and median (range) CCI of 3 (0‐18). During a mean follow‐up of 3.9 ± 3 years, 52% of patients died, 30.6% experienced an appropriate therapy, and 23.6% died without experiencing an appropriate therapy. In multivariable analysis, higher CCI score was associated with increased all‐cause mortality (Hazard ratio, HR 1.10 [1.06‐1.13] per 1 point increase in CCI, P < .001), death without prior appropriate therapy (HR 1.11 [1.07‐1.15], P < .0001), but not associated with appropriate therapy (HR 1.01 [0.97‐1.05], P = .53). Patients with CCI ≥5 had an annual risk of death of 12.2% compared to 8.7% annual rate of appropriate therapy.ConclusionsCCI is predictive of mortality following ICD generator replacement. The benefit of ICD replacement in patients with CCI score ≥5 should be investigated in prospective studies.
Femoral extraction of transvenous leads and leadless pacemakers—A review of the data, tools, and procedural steps
Authors: El‐Chami Mikhael F. , Merchant Faisal M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExtraction of transvenous leads via the femoral route might be needed when extraction via the implant vein fails or when retained lead fragments exist. The skill set required for this procedure is unique as it relies on the ability to snare and the use of a variety of shelf tools. In this era of leadless pacing, this skill set might be called upon more frequently. In this article, we review the data, tools, and procedural steps of femoral lead extraction and retrieval/extraction of leadless pacemakers.
The cranium of Proviverra typica (Mammalia, Hyaenodonta) and its impact on hyaenodont phylogeny and endocranial evolution
Authors: Dubied Morgane , Solé Floréal , Mennecart Bastien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe describe the first endocast reconstruction of a hyaenodont mammal based on X‐ray microtomography. The endocast belongs to the type material of the European hyaenodont Proviverra typica. We performed phylogenetic analysis to contextualize the evolution of endocranial size and complexity in Hyaenodonta. We added several European hyaenodonts and modified several codings of the most recent character–taxon matrix established to question the relationships within Hyaenodonta. Including these new species in a phylogenetic analysis reveals a new clade: Hyaenodontoidea. Comparisons with several previously described endocasts show that there was an increase in complexity in the convolutions of the encephalon within Hyaenodontidae history. Moreover, the analysis of the encephalization quotient reveals that the endocranium of the Hyaenodonta is not smaller than those of fossil Carnivora or some extant Carnivora. Therefore, the extinction of Hyaenodonta may not be linked to the relative size of hyaenodont brains.
Euconodont hard tissue: preservation patterns of the basal body
Authors: Suttner Thomas J. , Kido Erika 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConodont elements, consisting of crown and basal tissue are the well‐known fossilized hard parts of Conodonta (extinct marine chordates), but the taphonomic processes leading to decomposition or remineralization of the basal tissue are not well understood. Here we focus on the taphonomy of basal tissue, reviewing the published record and describing new material from Asia and Europe (248 occurrences globally). These include crown and basal tissue in conjunction, and isolated basal bodies showing different stages of preservation. Some isolated specimens resemble phosphate rings similar to those assigned to Phosphannulus universalis. High‐resolution biostratigraphy indicates that the lamellar type of conodont basal tissue is found in all facies and depositional environments. Other basal tissue types, described in the literature as tubular, mesodentine, spherulitic or lamellar with canalules, are limited to the early Palaeozoic and found exclusively in siliciclastic deposits (with the exception of spherulitic tissue). Although the stratigraphic record of basal tissue spans the range of Euconodonta (Cambrian–Triassic), this study shows that most of the isolated plate and ring‐like structures are derived from early Palaeozoic coniform conodonts. Basal tissue of platform‐type elements has a much more fragile shape and is therefore rarely preserved as a recognizable isolated unit.
Identification of loci and candidate genes for plant height in soybean (Glycine max) via genome‐wide association study
Authors: Jing Yan , Zhao Xue , Wang Jun , Lian Ming , Teng Weili , Qiu Lijuan , Han Yingpeng , Li Wenbin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlant height (PH) of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important and complex architecture trait significantly related to soybean yield. A natural population of 185 elite soybean accessions was used to identify QTN (quantitative trait nucleotide) and candidate genes of PH through genome‐wide association study (GWAS). A total of 33,149 SNPs were identified based on the Specific Locus Amplified Fragment Sequencing (SLAF‐seq). Finally, 14 signals associated with PH through GWAS were detected, including seven novel SNPs and seven known ones which were overlapped or located in the linked regions of known QTL. Numbers of functional genes located in the 200‐kb genomic region of each peak SNP were found. Furthermore, a total of 103 SNPs based on 28 genes were scanned. Among them, six novel genes containing cis‐acting elements involved in gibberellin or auxin responsiveness were predicted significantly related with PH according to transcript abundance analysis. The identified loci with beneficial alleles and the candidate genes might be useful for studying the molecular mechanisms of soybean PH and further for improving the potential yield of soybean.
Genetic analysis of prolificacy in “Sikkim Primitive”—A prolific maize (Zea mays) landrace of North‐Eastern Himalaya
Authors: Prakash Nitish Ranjan , Zunjare Rajkumar Uttamrao , Muthusamy Vignesh , Chand Gulab , Kamboj Mehar Chand , Bhat Jayant Subraya , Hossain Firoz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProlificacy assumes significance for development of high‐yielding baby corn hybrids. “Sikkim Primitive” is a native landrace of North‐Eastern Himalaya, and is the highest prolific maize germplasm. So far, the genetics of prolificacy in “Sikkim Primitive” has not been deciphered. Here, a prolific inbred (MGU‐SP‐101) developed from “Sikkim Primitive” was crossed with four non‐prolific inbreds viz., LM13, BML7, HKI161 and HKI1128. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2) of the crosses were evaluated at two locations during rainy season 2018. MGU‐SP‐101 possessed 2.50–3.78 ears per plant compared to 1.06–1.86 among non‐prolific inbreds. The variation for ears was the highest in F2s (1–8), followed by BC1P1 (1–7) and BC1P2 (1–5). The quantitative inheritance pattern of prolificacy with prevalence of non‐allelic interactions of duplicate epistasis type has been observed. Dominance × dominance effect was predominant over additive × additive and additive × dominance effects. Total number of major gene blocks ranged from 0.41 to 2.86, thereby suggesting the involvement of at least one major gene/QTL governing the prolificacy. This is the first report of genetic dissection of prolificacy in “Sikkim Primitive”.
Rituximab therapy in pediatric pemphigus patients: A retrospective analysis of five Turkish patients and review of the literature
Authors: Bilgic‐Temel Aslı , Özgen Züleyha , Harman Mehmet , Kapıcıoğlu Yelda , Uzun Soner 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThere is inadequate knowledge regarding rituximab (RTX) administration in autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs), disease prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes within pediatric populations due to the rarity of AIBDs affecting the pediatric age group. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety of RTX, and treatment outcomes in Turkish pediatric patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and to review the literature.MethodsFive patients under 18 years of age and diagnosed with PV received RTX treatment and were identified in four dermatology departments of Turkey.ResultsThe mean age of the patients at the time of RTX therapy initiation was 15 years (range: 11‐17 years), and the total duration of follow‐up after RTX therapy was 42.6 months (range: 19‐60 months). All patients showed a clinical response. At the last visit, complete remission off therapy was achieved in three patients. The remaining two patients achieved partial remission off therapy. No adverse events were observed.ConclusionsThis retrospective case series of five pediatric patients showed that RTX treatment can be effective and safe for the treatment of recalcitrant PV in pediatric patients. With increasing evidence, RTX is a good treatment choice in adults and pediatric patients with pemphigus.
Towards a New Political Economy of Behavioral Public Policy
Authors: Oliver Adam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe dominant normative framework in behavioral public policy postulates paternalistic intervention to increase individual utility, epitomized by the so‐called nudge approach. In this article, an alternative political economy of behavioral public policy is proposed that sits within, or at least closely aside, the liberal economic tradition. In short, rather than impose utility maximization as the normative ideal, this framework proposes that policy makers provide an environment that is conducive to each person's own conception of a flourishing life, while at the same time regulating against behaviorally informed harms and for behaviorally induced, otherwise forgone, benefits.
Onset of oestrus and periovulatory events in sheep exposed to 5 and 14 days of CIDR treatment with and without eCG
Authors: Uriol Marta , Martinez‐Ros Paula , Rios Alejandro , Encinas Teresa , Gonzalez‐Bulnes Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study supports that 5‐day short‐term CIDR treatments without administration of eCG are equally effective for inducing oestrus behaviour, preovulatory LH discharge and ovulation in sheep than classical protocols based on 14‐day treatments plus eCG at CIDR withdrawal. However, the implementation of a 5‐day protocol without eCG for fixed‐time artificial insemination would be adapted to a later timing of ovulation (p < .05).