bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability of Regional Brain Volumes in Large-Scale Neuroimaging and Genetic Studies
Authors: Zhao Bingxin , Ibrahim Joseph G , Li Yun , Li Tengfei , Wang Yue , Shan Yue , Zhu Ziliang , Zhou Fan , Zhang Jingwen , Huang Chao , Liao Huiling , Yang Liuqing , Thompson Paul M , Zhu Hongtu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBrain genetics is an active research area. The degree to which genetic variants impact variations in brain structure and function remains largely unknown. We examined the heritability of regional brain volumes (P ~ 100) captured by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in UK Biobank (n ~ 9000). We found that regional brain volumes are highly heritable in this study population and common genetic variants can explain up to 80% of their variabilities (median heritability 34.8%). We observed omnigenic impact across the genome and examined the enrichment of SNPs in active chromatin regions. Principal components derived from regional volume data are also highly heritable, but the amount of variance in brain volume explained by the component did not seem to be related to its heritability. Heritability estimates vary substantially across large-scale functional networks, exhibit a symmetric pattern across left and right hemispheres, and are consistent in females and males (correlation = 0.638). We repeated the main analysis in Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n ~ 1100), Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (n ~ 600), and Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (n ~ 500) datasets, which demonstrated that more stable estimates can be obtained from the UK Biobank.
Potential of social media in promoting mental health in adolescents
Authors: O’Reilly Michelle , Dogra Nisha , Hughes Jason , Reilly Paul , George Riya , Whiteman Natasha 
Published: July 2018

Summary
The growing prevalence of adolescent mental disorders poses significant challenges for education and healthcare systems globally. Providers are therefore keen to identify effective ways of promoting positive mental health. This aim of this qualitative study was to explore perceptions that social media might be leveraged for the purposes of mental health promotion amongst adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years. Utilizing focus groups conducted with adolescents (N = 54), educational professionals (N = 16) and mental health practitioners (N = 8). We explored their views about the value of social media for this purpose. Three themes were identified. First, social media appears to have potential to promote positive mental health. Second, adolescents frequently utilize social media and the internet to seek information about mental health. Finally, there are benefits and challenges to using social media in this way. We conclude that despite challenges of using social media and the risks, social media does offer a useful way of educating and reaching adolescents to promote mental wellbeing.
Multi-Method Characterisation of the Human Circulating Microbiome
Authors: Whittle E. , Leonard M.O. , Harrison R. , Gant T.W. , Tonge D.P 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe term microbiome describes the genetic material encoding the various microbial populations that inhabit our body. Whilst colonisation of various body niches (e.g. the gut) by dynamic communities of microorganisms is now universally accepted, the existence of microbial populations in other “classically sterile” locations, including the blood, is a relatively new concept. The presence of bacteria-specific DNA in the blood has been reported in the literature for some time, yet the true origin of this is still the subject of much deliberation. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of a “blood microbiome” by providing a comprehensive description of bacterially-derived nucleic acids using a range of complementary molecular and classical microbiological techniques. For this purpose we utilised a set of plasma samples from healthy subjects (n = 5) and asthmatic subjects (n = 5). DNA-level analyses involved the amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. RNA-level analyses were based upon thede novoassembly of unmapped mRNA reads and subsequent taxonomic identification. Molecular studies were complemented by viability data from classical aerobic and anaerobic microbial culture experiments. At the phylum level, the blood microbiome was predominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The key phyla detected were consistent irrespective of molecular method (DNA vs RNA), and consistent with the results of other published studies.In silicocomparison of our data with that of the Human Microbiome Project revealed that members of the blood microbiome were most likely to have originated from the oral or skin communities. To our surprise, aerobic and anaerobic cultures were positive in eight of out the ten donor samples investigated, and we reflect upon their source. Our data provide further evidence of a core blood microbiome, and provide insight into the potential source of the bacterial DNA / RNA detected in the blood. Further, data reveal the importance of robust experimental procedures, and identify areas for future consideration.
Mating in wild yeast: variable interest in sex after spore germination
Authors: McClure Allison W. , Jacobs Katherine C. , Zyla Trevin R. , Lew Daniel J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryStudies of lab strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaehave uncovered signaling pathways involved in mating, including information processing strategies to optimize decisions to mate or to bud. However, lab strains are heterothallic (unable to self-mate) while wild yeast are homothallic. And while mating of lab strains is studied using cycling haploid cells, mating of wild yeast is thought to involve germinating spores. Thus, it was unclear whether lab strategies would be appropriate in the wild. Here, we have investigated the behaviors of several yeast strains derived from wild isolates. Following germination, these strains displayed large differences in their propensity to mate or to enter the cell cycle. The variable interest in sex following germination was correlated with differences in pheromone production, which were due to both cis- and trans-acting factors. Our findings suggest that yeast spores germinating in the wild may often enter the cell cycle and form microcolonies prior to engaging in mating.
Translational Control of TFEB and Autophagy via eIF5A Rejuvenates B Cell Immunity
Authors: Zhang Hanlin , Alsaleh Ghada , Feltham Jack , Sun Yizhe , Riffelmacher Thomas , Charles Philip , Frau Lisa , Yu Zhanru , Mohammed Shabaz , Balabanov Stefan , Mellor Jane , Katharina Simon Anna 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARYFailure to make adaptive immune responses is a hallmark of aging. In particular reduced B cell function leads to poor vaccination efficacy and a high prevalence of infections in the elderly. However, the molecular mechanism underlying immune senescence is largely unknown. Here we show that autophagy levels are specifically reduced in mature lymphoid cells, leading to compromised memory B cell responses in old individuals. Spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine metabolite, induces autophagyin vivoand rejuvenates memory B cell responses in an autophagy-dependent manner. Mechanistically, spermidine post-translationally modifies the translation factor eIF5A, which assists the synthesis of TFEB, a key transcription factor of autophagy. Spermidine is depleted in the elderly, leading to reduced TFEB expression and autophagy. Replenishing spermidine restored this pathway and improved the responses of old human B cells. Taken together, our results reveal an unexpected autophagy regulatory mechanism mediated by eIF5A at the translational level, and this pathway can be harnessed to rejuvenate immune senescence in humans.
Unilateral optogenetic inhibition and excitation of basal ganglia output show opposing effects on directional lick choices and movement initiation in mice
Authors: Morrissette Arthur E. , Chen Po-Han , Bhamani Conrad , Borden Peter Y. , Waiblinger Christian , Stanley Garrett B. , Jaeger Dieter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractModels of basal ganglia function predict that tonic inhibitory output to motor thalamus suppresses unwanted movements, and that a decrease in such activity leads to action selection. A direct test of these outcomes of thalamic inhibition has not been performed, however. To conduct such a direct test, we utilized rapid optogenetic activation and inactivation of the GABAergic output of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) to motor thalamus in mice that were trained in a sensory cued left/right licking task. Directional licking tasks have previously been shown to depend on a thalamocortical feedback loop between ventromedial motor thalamus and antero-lateral premotor cortex (Li et al., 2015; Guo et al., 2017). In confirmation of model predictions, we found that 1s of unilateral optogenetic inhibition of GABAergic output from the SNr biased decision making towards the contralateral lick spout with ipsilaterally cued trials while leaving motor performance intact. In contrast, 1s of optogenetic excitation of SNr terminals in motor thalamus resulted in an opposite bias towards the ipsilateral direction confirming a bidirectional effect of tonic nigral output on directional decision making. In a second variant of the task we disallowed anticipatory licking and found that successful suppression of anticipatory licking was also impacted by our optogenetic manipulations in agreement with the suppressive effect of tonic nigral output. Nevertheless, direct unilateral excitation of SNr cell bodies resulted in bilateral movement suppression, suggesting that descending motor pathways from the SNr to superior colliculus also play an important role in the control of licking behavior.Significance StatementThis study provides the first evidence that basal ganglia output to motor thalamus can control decision making in left/right licking choices and suppress anticipatory movement initiation. Unilateral optogenetic inhibition or excitation of basal ganglia output via the substantia nigra resulted in opposite changes of directional lick choices and could override the sensory information on lick direction provided by a whisker stimulus. These results suggest that basal ganglia output gates activity in a thalamo-cortical feedback loop previously shown to underlie the control of forced choice directional licking behavior. The results substantiate models stating that tonic inhibition of motor thalamus from the basal ganglia directs action selection and suppresses unwanted movements.
Impact of challenging behaviour on siblings of people with Autism
Authors: Yacoub Evan , Dowd Michael , McCann Leigh , Burke Lydia 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Despite being largely supportive of their sibling with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), some siblings without ASD also feel the effects of the disorder particularly in relation to challenging behaviour and lack of empathy. The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences adults who have a sibling with ASD and intellectual disability (ID) with challenging behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
Interviews were conducted with 11 capacitous adult siblings of service users who have ASD and ID as well as a history of challenging behaviour. A modified version of the autism Parenting Stress Index was used to assess the impact on those siblings. thematic analysis was utilised to analyse their responses.

Findings
Four main themes emerged from the interviews, which highlighted that challenging behaviour can cause emotional losses and can impact upbringing and the sibling relationship. Despite the siblings making adjustments, they continue to have concerns for the future.

Originality/value
Chronic challenging behaviour can impact on siblings, and it is important to support entire families, and not exclusively parents.
Shifting the balance of power
Authors: Whaley Jo , Domenico Di , Alltimes Jane 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThis purpose of this paper is to examine the role of engagement and empowerment in “Transforming Care”, for people with a learning disability. The aim is to shift the balance of power so that people are able to live ordinary lives in the community, in the home they choose, close to people they love. It shares ideas to support people to take control over their own lives and to influence the system, so that it works with people, rather than “doing to” people.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines barriers and enablers to people having their rights as citizens. So that people have as much choice and control as they are comfortable with to live an ordinary life (bearing in mind any legal restrictions). The paper includes people’s involvement in system/service redesign. It critiques traditional views of looking at language, participation and power. The authors have used the language throughout which people have told us they prefer as a descriptor.FindingsThe authors present a framework for looking at the power of, and around, people with a learning disability who have mental health issues or have displayed behaviour that can challenge services.Originality/valueThis paper offers advice on how to address power imbalances at individual level and at organisational/system level. It looks at the language we use, the information we share and how we work with experts by experience to ensure we can transform care and support and enable people to live ordinary lives as citizens.
Managing religious diversity in secular organizations in France
Authors: Hennekam Sophie , Peterson Jonathan , Tahssain-Gay Loubna , Dumazert Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how managers deal with religious diversity in secular organizations in France.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 28 semi-structured in-depth interviews with managers in France were conducted, transcribed and analyzed.FindingsThe findings reveal three distinct strategies. First, the authors identified a “flexibility within the rules” strategy in which managers try to accommodate religious practices by making allowances, create mutual understanding and trust. Second, a “separation strategy” emerged in which managers keep work and religion clearly separated. Those managers expressed a strong adherence to rules and perceived the implementation of allowances difficult not only for their own organization but also in light of third parties with whom they worked. Third, the findings reveal a “common-ground” strategy in which managers stressed the communalities between individual workers, downplayed their differences and sought to create a strong corporate culture to which all employees could relate.Practical implicationsThe expression of religious beliefs in the workplace is increasing. However, little is known about how managers deal with the perceived clash of secularism and the presence of different religions in the workplace. Implications for managers such as taking into account perceptions of justice, practical issues as well as the importance of communication and education are discussed.Originality/valueReligion is a deep-level and understudied aspect of diversity management that deserves more attention given the increase in religious diversity in the workplace.
Small sample discrete reliability growth modeling using a grey systems model
Authors: Talafuse Thomas Paul , Pohl Edward A. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeWhen performing system-level developmental testing, time and expenses generally warrant a small sample size for failure data. Upon failure discovery, redesigns and/or corrective actions can be implemented to improve system reliability. Current methods for estimating discrete (one-shot) reliability growth, namely the Crow (AMSAA) growth model, stipulate that parameter estimates have a great level of uncertainty when dealing with small sample sizes. The purpose of this paper is to present an application of a modified GM(1,1) model for handling system-level testing constrained by small sample sizes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a methodology for incorporating failure data into a modified GM(1,1) model for systems with failures following a poly-Weibull distribution. Notional failure data are generated for complex systems and characterization of reliability growth parameters is performed via both the traditional AMSAA model and the GM(1,1) model for purposes of comparing and assessing performance.FindingsThe modified GM(1,1) model requires less complex computational effort and provides a more accurate prediction of reliability growth model parameters for small sample sizes and multiple failure modes when compared to the AMSAA model. It is especially superior to the AMSAA model in later stages of testing.Originality/valueThis research identifies cost-effective methods for developing more accurate reliability growth parameter estimates than those currently used.
Revisiting the project management knowledge framework
Authors: Cha Jonghyuk , Newman Mike , Winch Graham 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThis paper highlights that extant project management (PM) bodies of knowledge have not fully addressed organisational transformation enabled by information systems projects. The purpose of this paper is to examine the transformation context in the PM disciplines. The authors argue that the execution-oriented PM bodies of knowledge are limited, as they place too much emphasis on the delivery outputs by the supplier rather than the achievement of beneficial outcomes by the project owner.Design/methodology/approachAs a conceptual paper, this paper reviews extant PM bodies of knowledge, life cycle models, the context of organisational transformation and benefits realisation, and the distinction between a project owner’s and the project supplier’s capabilities.FindingsA new PM knowledge framework is provided as an advanced research frame for future works by enhancing Peter Morris’ Management of Projects framework by employing the conceptual lens of Winch’s Three Domains of Project Organising model.Originality/valueThe advanced model emphasises the necessity of distinguishing a project owner’s and a supplier’s PM capability and knowledge to achieve successful IS-enabled organisational transformation. Through this effort to resolve the fragmentation and specialisation problems in PM disciplines, the model can be used as a theoretical groundwork for the advancement of PM research.
A step-by-step guide to assist logistics managers in defining efficient re-shelving solutions for retail store deliveries
Authors: Sanz Guillem , Pastor Rafael , Domenech Bruno 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
City logistics is a challenge in many cities. Literature works focus on the analysis of large or local-scale solutions to increase the efficiency of freight transport. However, store deliveries from the perspective of practitioners, particularly retail stores, are still an issue. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to propose a decision framework to assist logistics managers in defining efficient re-shelving solutions for store deliveries, according to the emplacement characteristics, city administration constraints and social issues.

Design/methodology/approach
An iterative step-by-step decision framework is developed, which allows taking decisions in a clear and structured way, including the preferences of key stakeholders. Moreover, a “what if” procedure is proposed, aiming to modify some initial conditions of the target store to achieve more efficient solutions.

Findings
The proposed decision framework is applicable in practice and helps users (mainly logistics managers) to identify solutions for efficient re-shelving in urban settings.

Research limitations/implications
The decision framework is applied by the logistics manager of two Spanish food retail stores, but it could be used in different logistics sectors and cities/regions, although adapting the decisions taken at each phase.

Practical implications
Logistics managers have a support tool when addressing re-shelving solutions for store deliveries.

Social implications
A balance can be found between company interests (minimise costs) and citizens quality of life (less contamination, noise, traffic, etc.).

Originality/value
This study simultaneously deals with large- and local-scale decisions faced by logistics managers in their day-to-day activity, considering details about the store location, its surroundings and the company it belongs.
Experimental research on the tilting pad bearing under the high temperature of inlet oil
Authors: Yang Peiji , Yuan Qi , Chen Runlin 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of high-temperature inlet oil on the comprehensive performance of tilting-pad bearing.

Design/methodology/approach
Taking a tilting-pad bearing under high temperature of inlet oil in a natural gas compressor as an example, the experimental system was developed for the tilting-pad bearing applied in a real machine, and the experiment was performed. The bearing lubricating properties under different high temperatures of inlet oil were obtained, including oil film thickness on the pivot, temperature rise and the shaft vibration values at the bearing positions.

Findings
The experimental results showed that the vibration, the oil film thickness on the pivot and the pad temperature were not sensitive to the change in temperature of the inlet oil, but vibrations were observed under the specific speed. At the same speed, when oil temperature changed by 1°C, the bearing temperature rise did not exceed 0.2°C and change in oil film thickness on the pivot was 1 µm. The test results of the actual unit are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Originality/value
The vibration measurement scheme was presented, and an indirect measurement method of fulcrum thickness was proposed. The practicability of the measurement method and the accuracy of test results were verified by the comparison of the test results of the shaft vibration, the bearing pad temperature, the fulcrum oil film thickness and the theoretical calculation results. This study will provide an important reference for designing a tilting-pad bearing with high-temperature inlet oil.