bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Un dispositif hybride de pratique orale au niveau Licence 3 en Lansad - diversité, accompagnement et interactions
Authors: White Melanie 
Published: April 2019

Ce compte-rendu d’expérience présente un dispositif hybride, centré sur les compétences de compréhension et de production orales, qui prend la forme d’ateliers de conversation au niveau Licence 3 en Lansad. La flexibilité du dispositif, la diversité de ses contenus et la liberté de choix que celui-ci encourage sont évaluées. La fiche s’intéresse aux améliorations possibles du dispositif existant, par le biais de l’ajout d’une tâche collaborative et d’un système de feedback qui renforceraient les interactions.
Cutting Edge: ATM Influences Germinal Center Integrity
Authors: Nicolas Laura , Cols Montserrat , Smolkin Ryan , Fernandez Keith C. , Yewdell William T. , Yen Wei-Feng , Zha Shan , Vuong Bao Q. , Chaudhuri Jayanta 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The DNA damage response protein ATM has long been known to influence class switch recombination in ex vivo–cultured B cells. However, an assessment of B cell–intrinsic requirement of ATM in humoral responses in vivo was confounded by the fact that its germline deletion affects T cell function, and B:T cell interactions are critical for in vivo immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that B cell–specific deletion of ATM in mice leads to reduction in germinal center (GC) frequency and size in response to immunization. We find that loss of ATM induces apoptosis of GC B cells, likely due to unresolved DNA lesions in cells attempting to undergo class-switch recombination. Accordingly, suboptimal GC responses in ATM-deficient animals are characterized by decreased titers of class-switched Abs and decreased rates of somatic hypermutation. These results unmask the critical B cell–intrinsic role of ATM in maintaining an optimal GC response following immunization.
Tidal impacts on primary production in the North Sea
Authors: Zhao Changjin , Daewel Ute , Schrum Corinna 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. This study highlights the importance of tides in controlling the spatial and
temporal distributions of phytoplankton and other factors related to growth,
such as nutrients and light availability. To quantify the responses of net
primary production (NPP) to tidal forcing, we conducted scenario model
simulations considering M2 and S2 tidal constituents using the
physical–biogeochemical coupled model ECOSMO (ECOSystem MOdel). The results were
analyzed with respect to a reference simulation without tidal forcing, with
particular focus on the spatial scale of the tidally induced changes. Tidal
forcing regulates the mixing–stratification processes in shelf seas such as
the North Sea and hence also influences ecosystem dynamics. In principle, the
results suggest three different response types with respect to primary
production: (i) in southern shallow areas with strong tidal energy
dissipation, tidal mixing dilutes phytoplankton concentrations in the upper
water layers and thereby decreases NPP. Additionally, tides increase
turbidity in near-coastal shallow areas, which has the potential to further
hamper NPP. (ii) In the frontal region of the southern North Sea, which is a
transition zone between stratified and mixed areas, tidal mixing infuses
nutrients into the surface mixed layer and resolves summer nutrient
depletion, thus sustaining the NPP during the summer season after spring
bloom nutrient depletion. (iii) In the northern North Sea, the NPP response
to tidal forcing is limited. Additionally, our simulations indicate that
spring bloom phenology is impacted by tidal forcing, leading to a later onset
of the spring bloom in large parts of the North Sea and to generally higher
spring bloom peak phytoplankton biomasses. By testing the related changes in
stratification, light conditions and grazing pressure, we found that all
three factors potentially contribute to the change in spring bloom phenology
with clear local differences. Finally, we also analyzed the impact of the
spring–neap tidal cycle on NPP. The annual mean impact of spring–neap tidal
forcing on NPP is limited. However, locally, we found substantial differences
in NPP either in phase or anti-phase with the spring–neap tidal cycle. These
differences could be attributed to locally different dominant factors such as
light or nutrient availability during spring tides. In general, we conclude
that in shallow shelf seas such as the North Sea, intensified vertical mixing
induced by tidal forcing could either promote NPP by counteracting nutrient
depletion or hinder NPP by deteriorating the light environment because of the
resuspension and mixing of suspended matter into the euphotic zone.
Occurence and antimicrobial resistance of common udder pathogens isolated from sheep milk in Slovakia
Authors: Holko Ivan , Tančin Vladimí­r , Tvarožková Kristí­na , Supuka Peter , Supuková Anna , Lucia Mačuhová 
Published: April 2019

The aim of this work is to identify the spectrum, frequency and antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens occurring in sheep dairy herds in Slovakia. Of a total of 310 samples of sheep's milk coming from three breeds during two seasons (2017 and 2018), at least one potential pathogen was isolated from 102 samples (32.9%). A total of 131 microbial isolates were isolated. The most represented species were coagulase negative staphylococci CoNS (75.6%), followed by Streptococcus agalactiae (10.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (6.9%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (4.6%), Escherichia coli (1.5%), Enterococcus faecium (1.5%), and others (Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus parauberis, Candida sp., Klebsiella sp., moulds) below 1%. A total of 99 isolates of CoNS were tested for antimicrobial resistance. Of these, 63.6% were resistant to at least one antibiotic. A total of 24.2% of the tested isolates were resistant to 3 groups of antimicrobials simultaneously (multi-drug resistance). The highest resistance was observed to lincomycin (57.6%) and neomycin (36.4%), the lowest to sulfamethoxazolum+trimethoprim (0%) and enrofloxacin (3.0%). Based on the results of this work, it is possible to assume a similar spectrum of pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance described in the literature also within the Slovak sheep farms focused on milk production.
Factors and tendencies of housing abandonment: An analysis of a survey of vacant houses in Kawaguchi City, Saitama
Authors: Baba Hiroki , Hino Kimihiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe issue of vacant houses is receiving increased attention in the field of urban policy and planning in Japan. We aim to describe the factors of vacant houses that lead to abandonment from the perspectives of the characteristics of the built environment and property owners using a logistic regression model to analyze the relationship between housing abandonment and these characteristics. There were five major findings. First, building age and attachment to a road less than four meters wide increase the probability of housing abandonment, although urbanization before 1960 lowers the probability. Second, an exclusively residential zone is more likely to be associated with floor area, which makes abandonment more likely and building age in this zone has a positive relationship particularly to an overgrowth of trees. Third, the further away the property owner's own residence is from the vacant house, the greater the likelihood that it will be abandoned. Fourth, vacancies owing to the demise of the previous occupants significantly raise the likelihood of housing abandonment. Fifth, the probability of housing abandonment is extremely high when the owner of the vacant house is unknown.
Photothermal Clothing for Thermally Preserving Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil
Authors: Lyu Shanzhi , He Yonglin , Yao Yuge , Zhang Man , Wang Yapei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPipeline transportation is the most practically used means to deliver crude oil before it enters refining factories. External heating on pipelines is routinely needed in order to make the oil flow easier, especially in areas with low ambient temperature, which has to involve tremendous energy consumption and causes a significant increase in transportation costs. Here, a green and cost‐effective strategy of “photothermal clothing” is conceived by which the pipeline is only warmed by sunlight based on photothermal conversion. The photothermal material is a complex of polypyrrole and polyurethane interpenetrated at the molecular level, which guarantees the elasticity endures considerable deformation when it is bound on pipelines as a form of tubular fibers. Both simulation and thermal tests verify the excellent performance in photothermal warming and heat preservation at low ambient temperature. As a practical demonstration, the rate of frozen crude oil flowing from pipelines is remarkably sped up solely under solar illumination. By a rough estimation, the photothermal pipeline, at a given length of 1 m, is supposed to harvest solar energy with a calorific value that equals combusting natural gas for more than 30 m3 a year.
Metal Halide Perovskite Light‐Emitting Devices: Promising Technology for Next‐Generation Displays
Authors: Lu Min , Zhang Yu , Wang Shixun , Guo Jie , Yu William W. , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs the requirements and expectation for displays in society are growing, higher standards of the display technology are proposed, including wider color gamut, higher color purity, and higher resolution. The recent emergence of light‐emitting halide perovskites has come with numerous advantages, such as high charge‐carrier mobility, tunable emission wavelength, narrow emission linewidth, and intrinsically high photoluminescence quantum yield. Recent advancement of perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) as a promising technology for next‐generation displays is reviewed. Here, how the attractive optical and electrical properties of perovskite materials can be translated into high PeLED performance are discussed, and working mechanisms and optimization approaches of both perovskite materials and the respective devices are analyzed. On the material side this includes the control of size and composition of perovskites grains and nanocrystals, surface and interface passivation, doping and alloying, while on the device side this includes the interfacial engineering and energy level adjustments, and photon emission enhancement. Several challenges such as performance of blue PeLEDs, the environmental and operational stability of PeLEDs, and the toxicity issues of lead halide perovskites are discussed, and perspectives on future developments of perovskite materials and PeLEDs for the display technology are offered.
High‐Performance, Room Temperature, Ultra‐Broadband Photodetectors Based on Air‐Stable PdSe2
Authors: Liang Qijie , Wang Qixing , Zhang Qian , Wei Jingxuan , Lim Sharon Xiaodai , Zhu Rui , Hu Junxiong , Wei Wei , Lee Chengkuo , Sow ChorngHaur , Zhang Wenjing , Wee Andrew Thye Shen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhotodetection over a broad spectral range is crucial for optoelectronic applications such as sensing, imaging, and communication. Herein, a high‐performance ultra‐broadband photodetector based on PdSe2 with unique pentagonal atomic structure is reported. The photodetector responds from visible to mid‐infrared range (up to ≈4.05 µm), and operates stably in ambient and at room temperature. It promises improved applications compared to conventional mid‐infrared photodetectors. The highest responsivity and external quantum efficiency achieved are 708 A W−1 and 82 700%, respectively, at the wavelength of 1064 nm. Efficient optical absorption beyond 8 µm is observed, indicating that the photodetection range can extend to longer than 4.05 µm. Owing to the low crystalline symmetry of layered PdSe2, anisotropic properties of the photodetectors are observed. This emerging material shows potential for future infrared optoelectronics and novel devices in which anisotropic properties are desirable.
Diffused Lattice Vibration and Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in the Binary Ln–Nb–O Oxide System
Authors: Yang Jun , Qian Xin , Pan Wei , Yang Ronggui , Li Zheng , Han Yi , Zhao Meng , Huang Muzhang , Wan Chunlei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the pursuit of low thermal conductivity materials for thermal management, one always tries to increase the material entropy by increasing the number of components in the materials to scatter heat‐carrying phonons. However, it also drastically increases the technological complexity to synthesize materials with the target complex composition. Here, a material family is presented with simple composition Ln3NbO7, which only contains binary oxides of Ln2O3 (Ln = Dy, Er, Y, Yb) and Nb2O5. The thermal conductivities approach the theoretical minimum limit, where the large chemical inhomogeneity due to the charge disorder and fluctuation of bonding length in Ln3NbO7 plays a major role. Despite the simple composition, Ln3NbO7 demonstrates an unprecedentedly high scattering rate of vibration states, as confirmed by the highest elastic constant/thermal conductivity ratio, as well as the diffused wavevector‐frequency dispersion. In contrast to the conventional wisdom that low thermal conductivity materials should be explored in the pool of “complex” multiple‐component materials, this work points out an avenue to look into materials with simple composition but large internal chemical inhomogeneity, which would be of both scientific and technological significance in the fields of thermal barrier coating, thermoelectric materials, etc.
Oil Recovery from Nanoporous Media via Water Condensation
Authors: Gimenez Rocio , Berli Claudio L. A. , Bellino Martín G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOil–nanoporous materials interplay is ubiquitous in oil recovery from unconventional reservoirs, environmental clean‐up, and membrane technology, so there is a genuine need for novel approaches that can monitor, manipulate, and also extract the oil present in nanoporous media. Here demonstrated is a water condensation–assisted method of extracting oil from nanopores. Under cooling‐induced condensation at room conditions, distinctive droplet modes act as both decoupling and collecting elements to transport oil from the pore space toward the nanomaterial surface after water evaporation. Even the movement of the oil through the nanoporous network can be visualized by taking advantage of the interference response of visible light in a nanoporous thin‐film platform. The method and results presented in this work open different routes to exploit oil–water–nanopore interactions and enable novel perspectives for oil recovery and environmental clean‐up.
Pulverization‐Tolerance and Capacity Recovery of Copper Sulfide for High‐Performance Sodium Storage
Authors: Park Jae Yeol , Kim Sung Joo , Yim Kanghoon , Dae Kyun Seong , Lee Yonghee , Dao Khoi Phuong , Park Ji Su , Jeong Han Beom , Chang Joon Ha , Seo Hyeon Kook , Ahn Chi Won , Yuk Jong Min 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFinding suitable electrode materials is one of the challenges for the commercialization of a sodium ion battery due to its pulverization accompanied by high volume expansion upon sodiation. Here, copper sulfide is suggested as a superior electrode material with high capacity, high rate, and long‐term cyclability owing to its unique conversion reaction mechanism that is pulverization‐tolerant and thus induces the capacity recovery. Such a desirable consequence comes from the combined effect among formation of stable grain boundaries, semi‐coherent boundaries, and solid‐electrolyte interphase layers. The characteristics enable high cyclic stability of a copper sulfide electrode without any need of size and morphological optimization. This work provides a key finding on high‐performance conversion reaction based electrode materials for sodium ion batteries.
Simultaneous Achieving of High Faradaic Efficiency and CO Partial Current Density for CO2 Reduction via Robust, Noble‐Metal‐Free Zn Nanosheets with Favorable Adsorption Energy
Authors: Liu Kaihua , Wang Jiazhi , Shi Miaomiao , Yan Junmin , Jiang Qing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction to fuels is considered a promising strategy for the sustainable carbon cycle. However, the improvement of the catalytic performance of CO2 electrocatalysts still poses many challenges, especially achieving the large partial current density of product and high faradaic efficiency simultaneously, which are essential for future applications of the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. In response, herein, an in situ porous Zn catalyst is prepared and exhibits high faradaic efficiency and large CO partial current density at the same time, benefiting from the porous architecture with increased exposure and accessibility of active sites. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the high faradaic efficiency is attributed to the favorable adsorption energy of the key intermediate, which promotes CO2 electroreduction to CO.
Zika virus in workers: Considerations for ongoing exposure prevention
Authors: Brown Christopher K. , Shugart Jill M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSince at least 2015, a major Zika virus epidemic has impacted the Americas and the Caribbean. There is an ongoing risk of Aedes mosquito‐borne transmission in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide. In these areas, as well as in places that are not experiencing active outbreaks, workers in a variety of jobs may be exposed to the virus. In addition to outdoor workers in places with ongoing, vector‐borne transmission who may be exposed when bitten by Zika‐infected mosquitoes, biomedical researchers studying the virus and health care workers and staff in clinical laboratories may encounter blood and infectious body fluids from infected individuals, including travelers from Zika virus‐affected areas. Because of potentially serious health outcomes, including reproductive effects, sometimes associated with Zika, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health previously issued guidance to help US employers protect workers from exposure to the virus on the job. This commentary summarizes the details of these recommendations and explains their rationale, which is important to understand when adapting and implementing workplace controls to prevent occupational Zika virus exposures and infections at individual worksites. The industrial hygiene hierarchy of controls, including elimination and substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and safe work practices, and personal protective equipment, serves as a framework for infection prevention practices for at‐risk workers discussed here.
An Efficient Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted Pyrazoles from 2‐Acylaziridines
Authors: Kim Soo Hyun , Na Sang‐Yun , Ha Hyun‐Joon , Lee Won Koo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe developed an efficient and environmentally benign method for pyrazole synthesis by condensation between 2‐acylaziridines and hydrazine‐CO2 salts in high yields. The sequential reactions involved include an acid‐catalyzed intramolecular aziridine ring opening and a subsequent benzylamine elimination. In additional to the ease of handling the hydrazine as a solid without any smell, all of the processes were carried out with no organic solvent, except for a small amount of phenol as an acid catalyst.
Gut microbiome composition of wild western lowland gorillas is associated with individual age and sex factors
Authors: Pafčo Barbora , Sharma Ashok K. , Petrželková Klára J. , Vlčková Klára , Todd Angelique , Yeoman Carl J. , Wilson Brenda A. , Stumpf Rebecca , White Bryan A. , Nelson Karen E. , Leigh Steven , Gomez Andres 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesEnvironmental and ecological factors, such as geographic range, anthropogenic pressure, group identity, and feeding behavior are known to influence the gastrointestinal microbiomes of great apes. However, the influence of individual host traits such as age and sex, given specific dietary and social constraints, has been less studied. The objective of this investigation was to determine the associations between an individual's age and sex on the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome in wild western lowland gorillas.Materials and MethodsPublicly available 16S rRNA data generated from fecal samples of different groups ofGorilla gorillagorillain the Central African Republic were downloaded and bioinformatically processed. The groups analyzed included habituated, partially habituated and unhabituated gorillas, sampled during low fruit (dry,n = 28) and high fruit (wet,n = 82) seasons. Microbial community analyses (alpha and beta diversity and analyses of discriminant taxa), in tandem with network‐wide approaches, were used to (a) mine for specific age and sex based differences in gut bacterial community composition and to (b) asses for gut community modularity and bacterial taxa with potential functional roles, in the context of seasonal food variation, and social group affiliation.ResultsBoth age and sex significantly influenced gut microbiome diversity and composition in wild western lowland gorillas. However, the largest differences were observed between infants and adults in habituated groups and between adults and immature gorillas within all groups, and across dry and wet seasons. Specifically, although adults always showed greater bacterial richness than infants and immature gorillas, network‐wide analyses showed higher microbial community complexity and modularity in the infant gorilla gut. Sex‐based microbiome differences were not evident among adults, being only detected among immature gorillas.ConclusionsThe results presented point to a dynamic gut microbiome inGorillaspp., associated with ontogeny and individual development. Of note, the gut microbiomes of breastfeeding infants seemed to reflect early exposure to complex, herbaceous vegetation. Whether increased compositional complexity of the infant gorilla gut microbiome is an adaptive response to an energy‐limited diet and an underdeveloped gut needs to be further tested. Overall, age and sex based gut microbiome differences, as shown here, maybe mainly attributed to access to specific feeding sources, and social interactions between individuals within groups.
Coordination‐driven self‐assembly of Cp*Rh‐Based Rectangles, Cages and Their Host−Guest Binding Study
Authors: Lin Lin , Lin Yue‐Jian , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: April 2019

Supramolecular coordination‐driven self‐assembly rectangle 1a have be formation of distorted shapes, with a strong π···π interactions between the L1 and anthracene in 1b (1a ⊃ anthracene) that changed the size to desired and supported by single‐crystal Xray diffraction data. The formation of 1c(1a ⊃ DMF) has been further corroborated by the single‐crystal and 1b also can reaction with decaborane to form ortho‐carborane complex 1d. A self‐assembled triangular prism cage 2a consisting of binuclear half‐sandwich metal precursors [Cp*2Rh2(μ‐BiBzIm)]Cl2 (BiBzIm = 2,2′‐bisbenzimidazole) ligands and L2 were found to capsulated a triphenylene in cage. Another two kinds of prismatic cages (3a and 3b) were obtained from the reactions of the bis‐chelating‐coordinated [Cp*2Rh2(μ‐CA)]Cl2(CA = chloranilate) with L2 and L3 in the presence of AgOTf (OTf = CF3SO3) in CH3OH, and cage 3b have a perfect sized cavity to self‐assembled with anthracene in it.