bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The environmental context of the Middle-to-Late Stone Age Transition in eastern Africa: seasonality as a key factor
Authors: Fusco Marianna , Habte Behailu , Leplongeon Alice , Ménard Clément , Manica Andrea , Spinapolice Enza Elena , Leonardi Michela 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the transition between the Middle Stone Age (MSA) and the Late Stone Age (LSA) in eastern Africa, the archaeological record shows a gradual and asynchronous decline in MSA features and an increase in LSA characteristics. A link between this pattern and climatic variations has not yet been tested in the region using lithic attribute analysis.To investigate that, we integrated technological data of blades and bladelets from eastern African contexts (Marine Isotope Stages 5–1) with large-scale paleoclimatic reconstructions. A principal component analysis (PCA) finds the first component (reflecting artifacts’ dimensions) significantly correlating with time. This highlights a progressive reduction in size over time, a trend that has already been suggested for the MSA-LSA transition. The second principal component reflects artifact shape and shows a significant correlation with seasonality.Based on this, we propose that more variable blades reflect greater versatility in foraging strategies as adaptation to unpredictable environments. On the other hand, during periods of mild seasonal change, a more standardized toolkit with thinner, longer elements would emerge from refining and adapting to familiar situations and challenges.
Octet baryon and heavy meson interactions in chiral effective field theory
Authors: Huang Bo-Lin , Wang Bo , Zhu Shi-Lin 
Published: December 2024

We calculate the effective potentials of the octet baryon and heavy meson systems using the chiral effective field theory up to the next-to-leading order. We consider the contact terms, one-pseudoscalar-meson and two-pseudoscalar-meson exchange contributions, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the short-, mid-, and long-range interactions in these systems. The low energy constants are correlated with those of the N¯N interaction using a quark-level Lagrangian approach. We also incorporate the decuplet baryon contributions in the loop diagrams. Our research provides new insights into several near-threshold charmed baryons [e.g., Λc(2940), Ξc(3055), and Ωc(3188), etc.] around 3 GeV from the hadronic molecular perspective. We also observe several molecular states, referred to as Ξc, within the mass range of 3100–3500 MeV. Further measurements of their resonance parameters and decay patterns in experiments may help to discriminate the conventional baryon and hadronic molecule explanations for these near-threshold states.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Structure of Plasmodium vivax
N-myristoyltransferase with inhibitor IMP-1088: exploring an NMT inhibitor for antimalarial therapy
Authors: Mendez Alex , Bolling Cydni , Taylor Shane , Makumire Stanley , Staker Bart , Reers Alexandra , Hammerson Brad , Mayclin Stephen J. , Abendroth Jan , Lorimer Donald D. , Edwards Thomas E. , Tate Edward W. , Subramanian Sandhya , Bell Andrew S. , Myler Peter J. , Asojo Oluwatoyin A. , Chakafana Graham 
Published: December 2024

Plasmodium vivax, a significant contributor to global malaria cases, poses an escalating health burden on a substantial portion of the world's population. The increasing spread of P. vivax because of climate change underscores the development of new and rational drug-discovery approaches. The Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Diseases is taking a structure-based approach by investigating essential enzymes such as N-myristoyltransferase (NMT). P. vivax
N-myristoyltransferase (PvNMT) is a promising target for the development of novel malaria treatments unlike current drugs, which target only the erythrocytic stages of the parasite. Here, the 1.8 Å resolution ternary structure of PvNMT in complex with myristoyl-CoA and IMP-1088, a validated NMT inhibitor, is reported. IMP-1088 is a validated nonpeptidic inhibitor and a ternary complex structure with human NMT has previously been reported. IMP-1088 binds similarly to PvNMT as to human NMT.
Resilience through adversity: a case of informal artisan entrepreneurs in Kenya
Authors: Kiptoo Maryline , Sambajee Pratima , Baum Tom 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe study aims to understand how informal artisan entrepreneurs demonstrate resilience while experiencing adversity. To achieve this, it explores how artisans handle adversities and how this differs from other informal entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachThe study engaged with entrepreneurial theories of resilience. It incorporated 46 qualitative telephone interviews with 32 artisans in the informal tourism industry of Kenya, conducted over two phases and analysed using thematic analysis. Notably, it draws key methodological considerations for conducting remote qualitative data collection and engaging with participants operating in an informal setting.FindingsThe findings suggest that informal artisans exhibit individual attributes and behaviours that are associated with resilience in entrepreneurship. Beyond these, their resilience is also influenced by cultural norms related to resourcing their business and culturally derived tacit knowledge.Originality/valueThe paper extends the understanding of resilience among informal artisan entrepreneurs, who display different characteristics due to the nature of their entrepreneurial activities. It shows that beyond the individualistic view of resilience, culture also influences resilience through social norms and values that govern behaviours. Furthermore, culture reinforces resilience as it is rooted in tacit knowledge held by artisan entrepreneurs. The paper thus contributes to resilience theory in entrepreneurship and to the unique context of artisanry.
Unpacking the minimum viable product (MVP): a framework for use, goals and essential elements
Authors: Lortie Jason , Cox Kevin , DeRosset Sean , Thompson Regina , Kelly Scott 
Published: December 2024

PurposeEntrepreneurial practice often relies on the minimum viable product (MVP) to test business model hypotheses, yet the conceptualization of its makeup remains inadequately defined, particularly in uncertain startup contexts. This paper aims to clarify how entrepreneurs should think about MVPs in terms of their uses, goals and essential components to enhance their effectiveness as a tool for navigating uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachExisting literature on MVPs is broad and often overlapping, leading to confusion regarding essential components and best practices for MVP development. Through a systematic analysis of existing published definitions, this paper offers clarity by proposing a framework that breaks the MVP concept up into process, goals and the fundamental elements necessary to launch an MVP. By doing so, it provides actionable guidance for entrepreneurs seeking to utilize MVPs in their business model testing endeavors.FindingsThis conceptual paper critically examines the lean startup approach, seeking to disentangle the complexities surrounding MVP development. Drawing on existing literature and practical insights, the study identifies and articulates a framework that clarifies the MVP concept along with the core elements required for creating a viable MVP, including (a) artistic elements, (b) a robust distribution channel and (c) an effective user feedback mechanism.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to theory development and pedagogical practices by providing a structured framework for understanding and implementing MVPs in entrepreneurial contexts. By identifying the minimal category elements of an MVP, it offers practical insights into entrepreneurs and educators alike, facilitating effective business model hypothesis testing in varied and uncertain environments.
#IAmAmazon: personalizing buyer-seller connect in Indian e-commerce
Authors: Darda Pooja , Pandey Shailesh 
Published: December 2024

Research methodology
This case study is based on Amazon, a global e-commerce giant, which is well-known for its extensive product range and customer-centric approach. The nature of the research is exploratory. This study is purely exploratory in intent. Secondary sources such as reputable newspapers, blogs, websites and trade publications were used to compile the information and write this case.

Case overview/synopsis
Amazon India’s innovative Storyboxes packaging initiative has transformed the online shopping experience by integrating compelling stories of sellers into the delivery process. This case study explores the rationale, implementation and impact of the innovative approach on customer engagement and the seller community. By featuring QR codes and images of sellers on the packaging, and directing customers to their narratives on Amazon’s platform, the initiative fosters a deeper connection between buyers and sellers. To enhance customer loyalty and adapt to the dynamic e-commerce landscape, Amazon must navigate the challenge of fostering intimacy through unique initiatives like Storyboxes, while also maintaining the effectiveness and reach of its traditional methods. The solution lies in finding a strategic balance that upholds the brand’s core values and meets evolving customer expectations amidst a competitive market environment.

Complexity academic level
This case is structured for Undergraduate, Postgraduate, MBA Programs.
A rapid, non‐destructive, and accurate method for identifying citrus granulation using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Yuanpeng , Li Tinghui , Liu Ping , Huang Wenchang , Liu Lingli , Zeng Rui , Hua Yisheng , Tang Jian , Hu Junhui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCitrus fruits are widely consumed for their nutritional value and taste; however, juice sac granulation during fruit storage poses a significant challenge to the citrus industry. This study used Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning algorithms to rapidly, non‐destructively, and precisely detect citrus granulation. The investigation analyzed 969 Raman spectral data points, comprising 714 non‐granulated and 255 granulated citrus samples. Following logistic regression, decision tree, and partial least squares discriminant analyses, the optimal model was refined using principal component analysis, a successive projection algorithm, and a competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm (CARS). The identified characteristic Raman peaks at certain wavenumbers were used as input data for the classification model, revealing differences in the water, ferulic acid, and sugar contents between granulated and non‐granulated samples. The partial least squares discriminant classification model achieved an accuracy rate of 0.997, recall rate of 0.994, and F‐fraction of 0.996 after preprocessing the standard deviation data and selecting 22 optimal principal components. The critical peaks extracted from the citrus Raman spectra were those at wavenumbers of 1580 and 1661 cm−1. The classification model based on combined second derivative—CARS—partial least squares discriminant analysis exhibited the best performance, achieving 100% accuracy for all test sets. The proposed method provides a scientifically robust and reliable means of assessing the quality of an entire citrus crop. Reduced wastage and economic losses, and the related environmental effects of food waste.Practical ApplicationThe proposed methods can determine if citrus fruit has become granulated during storage. Additionally, they provide technical support for screening granulated citrus in a pipeline, thereby providing a more scientific and reliable classification of the quality of a citrus crop.
Effect of co‐inoculations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and grape endophytes on the fermentation property, organic acid, and volatile aroma compounds
Authors: Zhao Jinnan , Lv Qiaoyue , Liu Manqing , Chen Weizhe , Li Jing , Qin Yi , Liu Yanlin , Song Yuyang , Lu Yao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGrape endophytic fungi (EFFs) have rich secondary metabolic pathways that can synthesize bioactive substances and various enzymes, which may contribute to the improvement of wine quality. In order to investigate the effect of EFFs on fermentation characteristics and chemical components, fermentations by co‐inoculations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and five EFF strains at different concentrations were performed in this study. It was found that EFFs affected the fermentation rate and are related to the genus of EFFs and inoculation amount. Among them, strains RH48 and RH34 facilitated the fermentation process at an optimal concentration of 3.5 g/L. Strain RH34 had acid‐increasing potential and effectively increased malic and succinic acid contents. In terms of volatile aroma compounds, CS13 3.5 g/L and RH34 3.5 g/L treatment showed significant enhancement of acetate esters content by 91.04% and 61.34%, respectively, whereas RH48 3.5 g/L and CS13 3.5 g/L showed significant enhancement of fatty acid ethyl ester content by 52.14% and 48.45%, respectively. In addition, strain CS13 at 3.5 g/L also significantly increased the content of terpenes, higher alcohols, and aromatic compounds, showing great potential in improving the aroma quality (floral, fruity, etc.) of wine. The results of the present study may be useful for the innovation of wine fermentation aids and the improvement of wine quality.
Analysis of bioactive compounds of hen egg components at the first half of incubation
Authors: Rzhepakovsky Igor , Piskov Sergei , Avanesyan Svetlana , Kurchenko Vladimir , Shakhbanov Magomed , Sizonenko Marina , Timchenko Lyudmila , Kovaleva Irina , Özbek Hatice Neval , Gogus Fahrettin , Poklar Ulrih Natasa , Nagdalian Andrey 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA comparative analysis of mass–volume characteristics of structural and morphological components of hen eggs before incubation and on the fifth (HH25–HH27) and 10th (HH36) days of incubation was carried out. During incubation, egg weight decreased by 9.25% (10 days), mainly due to a decrease in albumen weight (35.8%). The ratio of lipid‐soluble fraction (LSF) and water‐soluble fraction (WSF) in the mixed components and yolk did not change significantly. The total amount of solids in the mixed substances practically does not change during incubation. Antiradical activity of substances increased significantly by more than three times on the fifth day and additionally by 38.6% at the 10th day in relation to the fifth day. Total antioxidant activity increased by 18.9% on the fifth day and by 24.3% on the 10th day, compared to eggs before incubation. Transformation of the main components of WSF and LSF of albumin, yolk, and chicken embryo (CE) was studied using high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. On the 10th day, an increase in the number of high‐molecular proteins is recorded, which indicates the activation of enzymatic processes of transformation of the main albumen proteins into proteins of organs and tissues of CE. This may cause an increase in the biological activity of substances. It was found that in conditions of in vitro digestion, antiradical activity increases by two times, anti‐inflammatory activity increases by 2.4 times, and an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory effect occurs in the mixed components of a 10‐day incubation egg.
Supramolecular encapsulation of eugenol with acyclic cucurbit[n]urils: Enhancing water solubility and in vitro antioxidant activity
Authors: Guo Xue , Wang Lutao , Yao Yi , Yang Bo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recent years, consumer demand for healthy foods containing natural food additives has increased. Eugenol (EUG) is an essential oil popular as a natural antiseptic. However, its limited water solubility, high volatility, strong odor, and fragile stability hinder its application and storage in the field of food preservation. To address these limitations and unleash the potential of EUG in food preservation, this study utilized acyclic cucurbit[n]urils (ACBs) M1 and M2 as molecular containers to encapsulate EUG to overcome the challenges associated with EUG in food preservation and improve its freshness preservation effect. The nature and behavior of the inclusion complex were confirmed by techniques such as Nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen (1H NMR), 2D Rotating frame Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D‐ROESY), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM‐FEG), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the in vitro antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of the host–guest inclusion complexes were also studied. The results demonstrate that a stable complex is formed between ACBs and EUG, and the water solubility of the M1/EUG and M2/EUG complexes is significantly improved after encapsulation. These two complexes maintained the better antioxidant and antibacterial activity of EUG. This study provides a promising strategy for the application of EUG as a food additive in food preservation.
Alterations on Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Onychomycosis in a Female Smoker: Microvascular Dysfunction Without Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Nigro Angelo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA 58‐year‐old female smoker diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) presented with Raynaud's phenomenon and a “scleroderma‐like” pattern on nailfold capillaroscopy. The capillaroscopic abnormalities were observed across all fingers, including those without clinical manifestations of onychomycosis. Over a two‐year follow‐up, there was no evidence of clinical or serological progression toward a connective tissue disease, particularly systemic sclerosis. This case underscores the potential contributory role of MDS and smoking in the development of microvascular dysfunction, presenting as capillaroscopic abnormalities in the absence of an underlying autoimmune disorder.
Relaxin‐2 improves type I diabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunction in rats by protecting cavernous endothelial and smooth muscle function, and inhibiting penile fibrosis and apoptosis
Authors: Tu Bocheng , Liu Kang , Wen Bo , Hu Peng , Sun Taotao , Li Beining , Sulaiman Manan , Jiang Shujun , Wang Tao , Liu Jihong , Luan Yang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus‐induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) responds poorly to first‐line treatments, necessitating the development of new therapeutic strategies. Relaxin‐2 (RLX‐2) plays a crucial role in protecting vascular endothelium, vasodilatation, and antifibrosis in various diseases. However, its effects and mechanisms on DMED remain unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects and mechanisms of RLX‐2 on DMED rats in vivo and vitro.MethodsFor in vivo research, 30 Sprague–Dawley rats were allocated into three groups: control, DMED, and DMED + RLX‐2. The induction of DMED in the rats was achieved through intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin, with confirmation of ED status being conducted via the apomorphine test. Rats in the DMED + RLX‐2 group received continuous RLX‐2 treatment by osmotic pump. Following a 4‐week treatment period, assessment of erectile function was carried out using cavernous manometry, and samples of corpus cavernosum tissues were procured for subsequent analysis. For in vitro research, human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) were allocated into three groups: control, high glucose (HG, 40 mM), and HG + RLX‐2. HCMECs were cultured for 6 days and treated with RLX‐2 for 48 h before collection for subsequent experiments.ResultsIn DMED rats, RLX‐2 treatment partially improved erectile function. We observed relatively normalized functions of endothelial and smooth muscle cells with decreased levels of apoptosis and fibrosis in the penis. In vitro experiments also demonstrated the antihyperglycemic effects of RLX‐2.ConclusionsRLX‐2 can protect endothelial and smooth muscle function, and inhibit aberrant apoptosis and fibrosis in the corpus cavernosum, thereby improving erectile function in DMED rats. This may provide a novel treatment for DMED.
Women's perspectives to improve prenatal care for gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐aggregation of qualitative studies
Authors: Feng Yuyang Julianne , Deng Zhidi , Sivak Allison , Yeung Roseanne O. , Nagpal Taniya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn numerous qualitative primary studies, women have identified opportunities to improve prenatal gestational diabetes care. The objective of our systematic review and meta‐aggregation was to synthesize patient‐guided suggestions for improving prenatal gestational diabetes care that are informed by lived experience of women and their support persons.Material and MethodsThis study was registered a priori on PROSPERO (CRD42023394014). Our search strategy was executed in five databases (Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science). Primary studies that were qualitative, had full texts in English, studied women who have or had gestational diabetes or their support persons, and included experiential accounts on prenatal gestational diabetes care were included. No date restrictions were applied. Studies that were not qualitative, were secondary analyses, included data on only postpartum care, or evaluated an intervention that was not standard care were excluded. Two independent authors used Covidence software to facilitate screening. The outcomes of interest were patient‐reported suggestions to improve quality of gestational diabetes care that are informed by women's or their support persons' accounts of the lived experience of gestational diabetes. Meta‐aggregation followed by a thematic synthesis approach was used to analyze the qualitative data to identify women's perspectives to improve gestational diabetes care.ResultsAfter duplicate removal, a total of 4761 studies underwent screening and a total of 80 studies were ultimately included. Patient‐ and support persons‐reported suggestions to improve care include timely and comprehensive education around gestational diabetes with active engagement of family members, personalized and tailored counseling, patient‐centered care, incorporation of digital or online adjuncts to care, and increasing support for women.ConclusionsOur systematic review and meta‐aggregation identifies several actionable and patient‐guided suggestions to improve prenatal gestational diabetes care that are important to consider when embarking on clinical quality improvement.