bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Transistor Characteristics and Charge Transport in Solution Processed ZnO Thin Films Grown from Zinc Neodecanoate
Authors: Tiwale Nikhil , Senanayak Satyaprasad P. , Rubio-Lara Juan , Alaverdyan Yury , Welland Mark E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Solution processing of metal oxide-based semiconductors is an attractive route for low-cost fabrication of thin films devices. ZnO thin films were synthesized from one-step spin coating-pyrolysis technique using zinc neodecanoate precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible optical transmission spectrometry and photoluminescence spectroscopy suggested conversion to polycrystalline ZnO phase for decomposition temperatures higher than 400 °C. A 15 % precursor concentration was found to produce optimal TFT performance on annealing at 500 °C, due to generation of sufficient charge percolation pathways. The device performance was found to improve upon increasing the annealing temperature and the optimal saturation mobility of 0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 with ION/IOFF ratio ~ 107 was achieved at 700 °C annealing temperature. The analysis of experimental results based on theoretical models to understand charge transport envisaged that the grain boundary depletion region is major source of deep level traps and their effective removal at increased annealing temperature leads to evolution of transistor performance.

Graphic Abstract
Single-step spin coating-pyrolysis synthesis of ZnO thin films from non-aqueous precursor zinc neodecanoate has been investigated for transistor applications.
The influence of gratitude on learning engagement among adolescents: The multiple mediating effects of teachers' emotional support and students’ basic psychological needs
Authors: Jin Guichun , Wang Youzhi 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionGratitude, a positive response to receiving a benefit, may aid adolescents' development by fostering a general sense of connectedness to others as well as a motivation to use one's strengths to broadly contribute to others. Previous studies have emphasized that gratitude is a powerful factor for learning engagement; however, the underlying mechanism that mediates this relationship remains unclear. To fill this gap, the current study aimed to explore the multiple mediating effects of students' perceived emotional support from their teachers (hereafter “teachers' emotional support”) and students' basic psychological needs (hereafter “basic psychological needs”) on the association between gratitude and learning engagement among Chinese adolescents.MethodsA total of 688 Chinese junior middle school students (336 boys and 352 girls; mean age = 13.1, SD = 1.2) completed the Gratitude Questionnaire, Teachers’ Emotional Support Questionnaire, Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, and Learning Engagement Scale.ResultsPath analysis showed that gratitude positively predicted learning engagement; the mediating roles of teachers' emotional support and basic psychological needs in the association between gratitude and learning engagement were significant. There were three mediating paths: gratitude affected learning engagement through the mediating role of teachers' emotional support; basic psychological needs; and the serial mediating role of teachers’ emotional support and basic psychological needs.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that schools should pay more attention to improving teachers' emotional support to adolescents and meeting students’ basic psychological needs, which would enhance the positive impact of gratitude on learning engagement.
Sex/gender differences in cognitive trajectories vary as a function of race/ethnicity
Authors: Avila Justina F. , Vonk Jet M.J. , Verney Steven P. , Witkiewitz Katie , Arce Rentería Miguel , Schupf Nicole , Mayeux Richard , Manly Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe present study sought to determine whether cognitive trajectories differ between men and women across and within racial/ethnic groups.MethodsParticipants were 5258 non‐Hispanic White (NHW), Black, and Hispanic men and women in the Washington/Hamilton Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project who were administered neuropsychological tests of memory, language, and visuospatial abilities at 18‐ to 24‐month intervals for up to 25 years. Multiple‐group latent growth curve modeling examined trajectories across sex/gender by race/ethnicity.ResultsAfter adjusting for age and education, the largest baseline differences were between NHW men and Hispanic women on visuospatial and language, and between NHW women and Black men on memory. Memory and visuospatial decline was steeper for Black women compared with Hispanic men and NHW women, respectively.DiscussionThis study takes an important first step in understanding interactions between race/ethnicity and sex/gender on cognitive trajectories by demonstrating variability in sex/gender differences across race/ethnicity.
Not Just a Man of Guns: Chen Jiongming, Warlord, and the May Fourth Intellectual (1919–1922)
Authors: Guo Vivienne Xiangwei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInstead of assuming “warlords” as a homogeneous counter-force to the May Fourth enlightenment while imagining Chinese intellectuals as a natural alliance for the “anti-warlordism” National Revolution, this article examines the prevailing idea exchange and political collaboration between Chen Jiongming, the Cantonese military strongman, and the May Fourth intellectual within and beyond regional borders. Between 1919 and 1922, Chen Jiongming not only fostered his anarcho-federalist blueprint, but also garnered support from prominent thinkers hailing from across different ideological camps such as Liang Bingxian, Chen Duxiu, and Hu Shi. Focusing on the ideological and intellectual aspects of warlord rule, this article attempts to situate the study of warlordism against the backdrop of the Chinese enlightenment, to downplay the differences between the man of guns and the man of letters, and thereby to redefine, re-characterize, and reappraise “warlords” as active agents—the initiators—of China's renewals during this formative period.
How intelligence and emotional control are related to suicidal behavior across the life course – A register-based study with 38-year follow-up
Authors: Hansson Bittár Nora , Falkstedt Daniel , Sörberg Wallin Alma 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundBoth low intelligence and low emotional control have previously been linked to a higher risk of suicide, but it is unknown whether the associations apply consistently over the life course.MethodsThe study was based on data on intelligence and emotional control, collected from 48 738 Swedish men conscripted in 1969–1970, at ages 18–20 years. The data were linked to national registers giving information on subsequent suicidal behavior (completed and attempted suicide) up to the age of 59 years. The associations were investigated using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models, with adjustment for childhood socioeconomic status.ResultsIntelligence and emotional control assessed in late adolescence both showed robust inverse associations with suicidal behavior over the 38-year follow-up. However, while the association between lower intelligence and higher rate of suicidal behavior remained the same throughout (~40% increased hazard per unit on a five-level scale), the association between lower emotional control and suicidal behavior was substantially stronger in early adulthood (~100% increased hazard per unit) than in late middle age (~30% increased hazard per unit).ConclusionsThe study adds to previous research by showing that the association between poor emotional control and subsequent suicide risk in men becomes weaker over the life course, while the association between low intelligence and suicide risk seems to be constant. The particularly high suicide risk of young men with poor emotional control may motivate targeted prevention efforts.
Food insecurity in Europe: Who is at risk, and how successful are social benefits in protecting against food insecurity?
Authors: GARRATT ELISABETH 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFood insecurity in Europe has recently received increasing research and political attention. Yet, considerable gaps remain in our understanding: the demographic groups most at risk, the role of social benefit receipt, and whether higher-value social benefits protect against food insecurity among recipients all remain unknown. Multilevel models were used to examine food insecurity in 63,168 adults from 27 countries included in the European Quality of Life Survey in 2007 and 2011. Food insecurity was more prevalent among people with lower incomes, women, older people, renters, one-person and lone-parent households, those with lower education, people with disabilities, and those outside the labour market. Although food insecurity was concentrated at low incomes, income and food insecurity were imperfectly associated. The role of social benefit receipt was equivocal: food insecurity was not associated with pension or child benefit receipt, but was significantly more prevalent among out-of-work and all social benefit recipients, which may reflect eligibility rules and benefit conditionality. Furthermore, higher-value social benefits were not associated with lower risks of food insecurity across the different recipient groups, either because their value is insufficient, or because social benefits are unable to fully mitigate the individual and structural risk factors for food insecurity in Europe.
A computer-aided approach improving the Axiomatic Design theory with the distributed design resource environment
Authors: Chen Bin , Hu Jie , Qi Jin , Chen Weixing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the traditional Axiomatic Design (AD) theory, the mapping from the functional domain to the physical domain is based on the designers’ own knowledge and experience, and there is no systematical approach including the design resources provided outside the designers themselves’ access. Thus, the raw materials for the design process are largely limited, which means they can hardly support the designers’ increasingly creative and innovative conceptions. To help AD theory better support the design process, this paper proposes a computer-aided approach for the mapping from the functional domain to the physical domain within a distributed design resource environment, which consists of numerous design resources offered on the Internet by the providers widely distributed in different locations, institutes, and disciplines. To prove the feasibility of this proposed approach, a software prototype is established, and a natural leisure hotel is designed as an implementation case.
Effect of selective abortion on seed germination and post-germination performance of offspring
Authors: Baskin Jerry M. , Baskin Carol C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHermaphroditic angiosperms, especially outcrossers, generally produce many more flowers and ovules than they can mature into fruits and seeds. One of the several hypotheses to account for the production of ‘excess’ flowers is selective abortion, which has been shown to increase offspring quality in plants. Our primary aim was to review the literature on the effects of selective abortion on seed germination and post-germination offspring vigour. Of 14 case studies (11 species in 10 genera and four families of flowering plants), germination percentage or rate (speed) increased in six and did not increase in eight, whereas post-germination offspring performance increased in 11 and did not increase in three. In six of the eight cases in which germination was not increased, seedling/juvenile vigour was increased. Seed mass was less likely to influence seed germination than seedling/juvenile vigour. Although selective abortion has been shown to increase progeny vigour of the early life history stages of plants, neither its demographic nor evolutionary importance has been demonstrated.
A feasibility and acceptability study of an adaptation of the Mindful Self-Compassion program for adult cancer patients
Authors: Brooker Joanne , Julian John , Millar Jeremy , Prince H. Miles , Kenealy Melita , Herbert Kirsten , Graham Annette , Smith Robin , Kissane David , Taylor Karen , Frydenberg Mark , Porter Ian , Fletcher Jane , Haines Ian , Burney Sue 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesPsychosocial interventions that mitigate psychosocial distress in cancer patients are important. The primary aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of an adaptation of the Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) program among adult cancer patients. A secondary aim was to examine pre–post-program changes in psychosocial wellbeing.MethodThe research design was a feasibility and acceptability study, with an examination of pre- to post-intervention changes in psychosocial measures. A study information pack was posted to 173 adult cancer patients 6 months–5 years post-diagnosis, with an invitation to attend an eight-week group-based adaptation of the MSC program.ResultsThirty-two (19%) consented to the program, with 30 commencing. Twenty-seven completed the program (mean age: 62.93 years, SD 14.04; 17 [63%] female), attending a mean 6.93 (SD 1.11) group sessions. There were no significant differences in medico-demographic factors between program-completers and those who did not consent. However, there was a trend toward shorter time since diagnosis in the program-completers group. Program-completers rated the program highly regarding content, relevance to the concerns of cancer patients, and the likelihood of recommending the program to other cancer patients. Sixty-three percent perceived that their mental wellbeing had improved from pre- to post-program; none perceived a deterioration in mental wellbeing. Small-to-medium effects were observed for depressive symptoms, fear of cancer recurrence, stress, loneliness, body image satisfaction, mindfulness, and self-compassion.Significance of resultsThe MSC program appears feasible and acceptable to adults diagnosed with non-advanced cancer. The preliminary estimates of effect sizes in this sample suggest that participation in the program was associated with improvements in psychosocial wellbeing. Collectively, these findings suggest that there may be value in conducting an adequately powered randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy of the MSC program in enhancing the psychosocial wellbeing of cancer patients.
LOGIC AND TOPOLOGY FOR KNOWLEDGE, KNOWABILITY, AND BELIEF
Authors: BJORNDAHL ADAM , ÖZGÜN AYBÜKE 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent work, Stalnaker proposes a logical framework in which belief is realized as a weakened form of knowledge 35. Building on Stalnaker’s core insights, and using frameworks developed in 11 and 3, we employtopologicaltools to refine and, we argue, improve on this analysis. The structure of topological subset spaces allows for a natural distinction between what isknownand (roughly speaking) what isknowable; we argue that the foundational axioms of Stalnaker’s system rely intuitively onbothof these notions. More precisely, we argue that the plausibility of the principles Stalnaker proposes relating knowledge and belief relies on a subtle equivocation between an “evidence-in-hand” conception of knowledge and a weaker “evidence-out-there” notion of whatcould come to be known. Our analysis leads to a trimodal logic of knowledge, knowability, and belief interpreted in topological subset spaces in which belief is definable in terms ofknowledge and knowability. We provide a sound and complete axiomatization for this logic as well as its uni-modal belief fragment. We then consider weaker logics that preserve suitable translations of Stalnaker’s postulates, yet do not allow for any reduction of belief. We propose novel topological semantics for these irreducible notions of belief, generalizing our previous semantics, and provide sound and complete axiomatizations for the corresponding logics.
Response of sweetpotato to pendimethalin application rate and timing
Authors: Meyers Stephen L. , Chaudhari Sushila , Jennings Katherine M. , Miller Donnie K. , Shankle Mark W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractField trials were conducted near Pontotoc, Mississippi; Chase, Louisiana; and Clinton, North Carolina, in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effect of pendimethalin rate and timing application on sweetpotato crop tolerance, yield, and storage root quality. Treatments consisted of five pendimethalin rates (266, 532, 1,065, 1,597, and 2,130 g ai ha−1) by two application timings (0 to 1 or 10 to 14 d after transplanting). Additionally, a nontreated check was included for comparison. Crop injury (stunting) was minimal (≤4%) through 6 wk after transplanting (WAP) and no injury was observed from 8 to 14 WAP, regardless of application timing or rate. The nontreated check yielded 6.6, 17.6, 5.5, and 32.1 × 103 kg ha−1 of canner, no. 1, jumbo, and total grades, respectively. Neither pendimethalin application timing nor rate influenced jumbo, no. 1, marketable, or total sweetpotato yield. Overall, these results indicate that pendimethalin will be a valuable addition to the toolkit of sweetpotato growers.
Emergence of garden spurge (Euphorbia hirta) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) in response to different physical properties and depths of common mulch materials
Authors: Saha Debalina , Marble S. Christopher , Pearson Brian , Pérez Héctor , MacDonald Gregory , Odero Dennis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGreenhouse and outdoor container experiments were conducted to determine garden spurge and large crabgrass emergence when seeds were placed either on top of or below three different mulch materials [pine bark (PB), hardwood (HW), or pine straw (PS)] applied at five depths (0, 1.3, 2.5, 5.1, and 10.2 cm). To elucidate mulch characteristics that contributed to weed control, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was recorded underneath each mulch layer, moisture retention was monitored for 24 h following irrigation, and particle size was determined using standard soil sieves. HW reduced PAR (97%) more than did PB (90%) or PS (92%) at 1.3 cm, but few or no differences were noted between mulches at greater mulch depths. HW also contained the highest percentage of small particles and consequently retained more water (29%), than PB (14%) or PS (22%) 24 h following a simulated irrigation event. Emergence of large crabgrass and garden spurge was consistently greater when seeds were placed on top of the mulch, compared to seeds placed below. Emergence of both species also tended to respond to increasing depth in a quadratic manner, indicating that once a critical level of mulch was applied (2.5 to 5 cm), further reductions in weed emergence would not be observed, at least over the short term (12 wk). PB and PS tended to provide a greater reduction in emergence of both species compared to HW. This research also indicates that larger particle materials such as PB or PS would be advantageous because of their ability to suppress weed emergence regardless of seed position.
Seasonal changes in forage nutritive value of common weeds encountered in Missouri pastures
Authors: Bunton Gatlin , Trower Zach , Roberts Craig , Bradley Kevin W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDuring the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons, weed and weed-free mixed tall fescue and legume forage samples were harvested from 29 pastures throughout Missouri for investigation of the nutritive value of 20 common pasture weed species throughout the season. At certain times during the growing season, many broadleaf weed species had greater nutritive values for a given quality parameter as compared with the available weed-free, mixed tall fescue and legume forage harvested from the same location. There were no significant differences in crude protein concentration between the weed-free forage and many weeds throughout the growing season. However, crude protein content of common burdock, common cocklebur, common ragweed, dandelion, horsenettle, and lanceleaf ragweed was greater than that of the corresponding forage sample at multiple collection periods. The digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF) content of all broadleaf weeds except lanceleaf ragweed was significantly lower than that of the weed-free forage at all collection periods. Conversely, large crabgrass had significantly greater digestible neutral detergent fiber levels than did the mixed tall fescue forage at all sampling dates. Dandelion and spiny amaranth had greater in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) content than did the forage for the entire growing season. Three perennial weeds—horsenettle, vervains, and late boneset—did not differ in IVTD levels as compared with the mixed tall fescue and legume forage at any collection date. For most summer annual weeds, the trend was toward greater digestibility earlier in the season, with a gradual decline and often lower IVTD by the late summer or early fall. The results of this study will enable producers to make more informed management decisions about the potential benefit or detriment a weed may provide to the overall nutritive value of the pasture system.
Cotton response to preplant applications of 2,4-D or dicamba
Authors: Price Katilyn , Li Xiao , Leon Ramon G. , Price Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSensitive cotton varieties planted into soil treated with 2,4-D or dicamba utilized in burndowns can result in stunting and stand loss if use rate is too high and the plant-back interval is too short. The objective of this study was to evaluate cotton stunting and yield responses resulting from 2,4-D or dicamba residues in soil after preplant burndown applications at three locations in 2016 and 2017. Treatments with 2,4-D included 532 and 1,063 g ae ha−1 applied 3 wk before planting (WBP) and 53, 160, 266, 532, 1,063 g ae ha−1 applied at planting. Dicamba treatments included 560 and 1,120 g ae h−1 applied 3 WBP and 56, 168, 280, 560, 1,120 g ae ha−1 applied at planting. Dicamba or 2,4-D treatments applied 3 WBP resulted in no adverse effects on cotton stand, plant height, or yield. Dicamba 560 g ae h−1 applied at planting reduced cotton stand by 36% at 21 to 24 d after planting (DAP) over all locations in 2016. In 2017, stands were reduced by dicamba at 168, 280, 560, and 1,120 g ae ha−1 by 17% to 25% at 20 to 23 DAP. Moreover, cotton stands were not affected by 2,4-D in 2016, and only 266, 532, and 1,063 g ae ha−1 of 2,4-D caused stand reductions of 26% to 36% at 20 to 23 DAP over all locations in 2017. Dicamba at 560 g ae ha−1 at planting was the only treatment in this study that reduced plant height. Although stand losses were observed in both years, no yield loss occurred. The data suggest that stunting and stand reduction may occur if susceptible varieties are planted soon after burndown applications with 2,4-D or dicamba, but yield may not be affected after a full growing season. Dicamba showed greater potential to cause stunting and stand reduction than 2,4-D.