bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming urban stream syndrome: Trophic flexibility confers resilience in a Hawaiian stream fish
Authors: Lisi Peter J. , Childress Evan S. , Gagne Roderick B. , Hain Ernie F. , Lamphere Brad A. , Walter Ryan P. , Hogan J. Derek , Gilliam James F. , Blum Michael J. , McIntyre Peter B. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Urbanisation is widely associated with a suite of physical, chemical and biological degradation of stream ecosystems, known as “urban stream syndrome.” It is unclear whether urban stream syndrome is applicable to oceanic islands, where marine dispersal of larvae enables diadromous species to continuously recolonise even highly degraded urban streams.

The depauperate native fauna of oceanic island streams can be entirely composed of diadromous species, but urban streams food webs are often dominated by introduced predators, competitors and functional groups derived from continental systems. Despite these challenges, some native species appear to thrive in urbanised catchments.

Here, we test for urban stream syndrome on oceanic islands by quantifying catchment land use, nutrient concentrations and fish community composition for 37 streams across the Hawaiian archipelago. To assess how native species adapt to food webs altered by species introductions, we quantified trophic responses by examining stomach contents, nitrogen stable isotopes and body condition of Awaous stamineus (an omnivorous goby) in each stream.

Urbanisation was consistently associated with nitrogen pollution and replacement of native species with more tolerant exotics. Population densities of three of five native goby species declined sharply with urbanisation, whereas the two other native gobies species were resilient.

The trophic position of the omnivore A. stamineus was elevated in urban streams compared to forested catchments, reflecting a shift in stomach contents from algae to greater reliance on exotic aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. Comparable body condition and resilient population density of A. stamineus across the urbanisation gradient suggest that dietary flexibility buffers this species against environmental degradation.

Our findings indicate that the concept of urban stream syndrome is applicable to oceanic islands, yet A. stamineus shows striking resilience. Flexibility in diet, life history and habitat use of this native goby appear to buffer it against the effects of urbanisation compared to most other amphidromous fishes in Hawaiian streams.
Comparing Natural Source Zone Depletion Pathways at a Fuel Release Site
Authors: Mackay Douglas , Hathaway Emily , de Sieyes Nicholas , Zhang Han , Rasa Ehsan , Paradis Charles , Schmidt Radomir , Peng Juan , Buscheck Timothy , Sihota Natasha 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNatural source zone depletion (NSZD) refers to processes within chemically impacted vadose and saturated zones that reduce the mass of contaminants remaining in a defined source control volume. Studies of large petroleum hydrocarbon release sites have shown that the depletion rate by vapor phase migration of degradation products from the source control volume through the vadose zone (V‐NSZD) is often considerably higher than the rate of depletion from the source control volume by groundwater flow carrying dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons arising from dissolution, desorption, or back diffusion, and degradation products arising from biodegradation (GW‐NSZD). In this study, we quantified vadose zone and GW‐NSZD at a small unpaved fuel release site in California typical of those in settings with predominantly low permeability media. We estimated vadose zone using a dense network of efflux monitoring locations at four sampling events over 2 years, and GW‐NSZD using groundwater monitoring data downgradient of the source control volume in three depth intervals spanning up to 9 years. On average, vadose zone was 17 times greater than GW‐NSZD during the time interval of comparison, and vadose zone was in the range of rates quantified at other sites with petroleum hydrocarbon releases. Estimating vadose zone and GW‐NSZD rates is challenging but the vadose zone rate is the best indicator of overall source mass depletion, whereas GW‐NSZD rates may be useful as baselines to quantify progress of natural or engineered remediation in portions of the saturated zone in which there are impediments to loss of methane and other gases to the vadose zone.
The histologic detection of Helicobacter pylori in seropositive subjects is affected by pathology and secretory ability of the stomach
Authors: Kim Jun‐Hyun , Lee Sun‐Young , Lee Sang Pyo , Kim Jeong Hwan , Sung In‐Kyung , Park Hyung Seok , Shim Chan Sup , Han Hye Seung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori is unevenly distributed in hypochlorhydric environments. The study aim was to elucidate the risk factors for a negative Giemsa staining finding in seropositive subjects by measuring the secretory ability of the stomach.MethodsSubjects aged over 18 years were included consecutively after endoscopic biopsy at gastric lesions with color or structural changes. Blood was sampled for the serum pepsinogen (PG) assay and H. pylori serology test. After excluding the subjects with past H. pylori eradication, the risk factors for a negative Giemsa staining finding in seropositive subjects were analyzed.ResultsAmong 872 included subjects, a discrepancy between the serum anti‐H. pylori IgG and Giemsa staining findings was found in 158 (18.1%) subjects, including 145 Giemsa‐negative, seropositive subjects. Gastric adenocarcinoma/adenoma (OR = 11.090, 95% CI = 3.490‐35.236) and low serum PG II level (OR = 0.931, 95% CI = 0.899‐0.963) were the independent risk factors for a negative Giemsa staining finding in seropositive subjects. The cutoff value of serum PG II level was 7.45 ng/mL (area under curve [AUC] = 0.904, 95% CI = 0.881‐0.927). Follow‐up studies of Giemsa staining at different sites of the stomach revealed that 75% of the Giemsa‐negative seropositive subjects with adenocarcinoma are positive, whereas none of those with low serum PG II level of <7.45 ng/mL revealed positive findings.ConclusionsThe risk of a negative Giemsa staining finding in seropositive subjects is increased in gastric adenocarcinoma/adenoma specimens and in subjects with a diminished gastric secretory ability with low serum PG II level of <7.45 ng/mL. A false‐negative Giemsa staining finding is common in subjects with adenocarcinoma, and therefore, additional biopsies at different sites should be performed in these subjects.
A RETRIEVAL OF HISTORICISM: FRANK ANKERSMIT'S PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND POLITICS
Authors: PAUL HERMAN , VAN VELDHUIZEN ADRIAAN 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTFrank Ankersmit is often perceived as a postmodern thinker, as a European Hayden White, or as an author whose work in political philosophy can safely be ignored by those interested only in his philosophy of history. Although none of these perceptions is entirely wrong, they are of little help in understanding the nature of Ankersmit's work and the sources on which it draws. Specifically, they do not elucidate the extent to which Ankersmit raises questions different from White's, finds himself inspired by continental European traditions, responds to specifically Dutch concerns, and is as active as a public intellectual as he has been prolific in philosophy of history. In order to propose a more comprehensive and balanced interpretation of Ankersmit's work, this article offers a contextual reading based largely on Dutch‐language sources, some of which are unknown even in the Netherlands. The thesis advanced is that Ankersmit draws consistently on nineteenth‐century German historicism as interpreted by Friedrich Meinecke and advocated by his Groningen teacher, Ernst Kossmann. Without forcing each and every element of Ankersmit's oeuvre into a historicist mold, the article demonstrates that some of its most salient aspects can profitably be read as attempts at translating and modifying historicist key notions into late twentieth‐century categories. Also, without creating a father myth of the sort that White helped create around his teacher William Bossenbrook, the article argues that Ankersmit at crucial moments in his intellectual trajectory draws on texts and authors central to Kossmann's research interests.
UNDISCIPLINED AND PUNISHED
Authors: Roth Paul A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe title of Robert Doran's collection of essays on Hayden White proves provocative and evocative. Provocative because it claims to mark a move within philosophy that pivots on the work of Hayden White, and this despite the fact that White himself explicitly resists inclusion within such a classification, that is, as a philosopher of history. Indeed, another contributor, Arthur Danto, had as of 1995 declared passé the whole subfield of philosophy of history. Doran situates White, then, in a niche White rejects and in any case one largely abandoned by those who do academic philosophy. Thus a question that this title evokes concerns why—whatever philosophy of history happens to be before Hayden White—after him it becomes a topic of philosophical lack of interest, one pursued almost exclusively by those not associated with departments of philosophy. Given White's professional travails, his acquaintance with another undisciplined academic, Richard Rorty, and his long‐standing friendship with preeminent philosophers of history such as Louis Mink, one might well assume that White eschews Doran's disciplinary labeling for a reason. In this regard, reframing him as this book's title does invites a worry that, if only unwittingly, the book elides discussion of why certain positions excite not merely disagreement but prompt rather a type of professional shunning. In failing to confront White's reception (or rather lack thereof) by historians and his position (or rather lack thereof) within philosophy, Doran passes over in silence a highly salient aspect of White's work.
DOES ANYBODY STILL NEED JUDAISM?
Authors: Gordon Daniel 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBoth of the books under review focus on the tradition of Jewish scholarship and debate. The Genius of Judaism is written from a religious perspective, whereas the authors of Jews and Words envision a future in which Jews live without Judaism; they see Jewishness as a culture that can be divorced from religion. For Lévy, a sense of the divine—including the concept of being a chosen people—is the source of Jewish identity and historical continuity. Lévy also argues that the Jews are chosen to serve non‐Jews. Inspired by the prophet Jonah, Lévy undertook diplomatic missions in the Ukraine and in Libya, and I consider the lessons he draws from these missions. I also discuss the relationship of Judaism to various concepts in the philosophy of history: revolution, progress, messianism, and utopianism, as well as the affinity between Judaism and skepticism.
Systemic antibiotic use for nonbacterial dermatological conditions among referring providers
Authors: Haynes Dylan , Lasarev Michael , Keller Jesse 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs usage of systemic antibiotic therapies has increased, so too has bacterial resistance. Antibiotic stewardship thus rests in part on judicious use of empiric treatment. The specific factors which underlie erroneous prescription patterns for dermatological conditions have not yet been well elucidated.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify whether a predefined group of dermatologic conditions under the heading “pseudobacterial”—including eczematous conditions, arthropod assault, herpes zoster, neurodermatoses, autoimmune blistering disorders, and neutrophilic dermatoses—are associated with increased antibiotic use prior to dermatology referral.MethodsThis observational prospective study included 207 participants referred to an academic dermatology referral center for acute skin conditions which were ultimately deemed to be of a nonbacterial cause. Preceding antibiotic prescription, final diagnosis, and patient, and provider characteristics were reviewed.ResultsAntibiotic prescription were provided to 31/207 individuals. Patients with pseudobacterial diagnoses (66/207 individuals) had 4.79 (95% CI, 2.03–11.3) times the odds of empiric antibiotic treatment compared to all others. Rural referring providers (OR, 8.54; 95% CI, 1.81–40.3) and referring providers in areas with a low density of medical specialists (OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.43–10.0) also displayed increased odds of empiric antibiotic prescription for nonbacterial skin disease, though the former finding may be limited by the low number of rural vs. urban providers (7 vs. 200) included in the study.ConclusionPatients with noninfectious pseudobacterial dermatological conditions experienced greater odds for unnecessary exposure to antibiotics. Additional independent risk factors included rural settings and diminished access to specialist care.
Influence of prior oral ethinylestradiol use on the efficacy of enzalutamide for the treatment of castration‐resistant prostate cancer in men
Authors: Hakariya Tomoaki , Shida Yohei , Tsurusaki Toshifumi , Watanabe Junichi , Furukawa Masataka , Matsuya Fukuzo , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Sakai Hideki 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo elucidate the effect of prior use of ethinylestradiol on enzalutamide treatment for men with castration‐resistant prostate cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 99 consecutive patients (median age 72 years, range 50–88 years) treated with enzalutamide for castration‐resistant prostate cancer between May 2014 and November 2015 after receiving several lines of hormonal therapy.ResultsA total of 45 patients were given ethinylestradiol before enzalutamide. The prostate‐specific antigen response rate (decline in prostate‐specific antigen >50% from baseline) of patients receiving ethinylestradiol and enzalutamide were 51.1% and 41.4%, respectively. Cross‐resistance between ethinylestradiol and enzalutamide was clearly observed in the setting of pre‐docetaxel. In multivariate analysis, the T stage and number of therapies before enzalutamide were the only significant predictors of prostate‐specific antigen response to enzalutamide. However, in patients treated pre‐docetaxel use, prior use of ethinylestradiol was a significant predictor of prostate‐specific antigen response to enzalutamide, whereas ethinylestradiol did not affect the overall survival of these patients.ConclusionsCross‐resistance between ethinylestradiol and enzalutamide in the setting of pre‐docetaxel therapy seems to be evident. Therefore, ethinylestradiol should be used prudently before enzalutamide in this setting.
¿Es viable la gestión participativa como vía de acción sindical en la India? Evidencia de los servicios públicos
Authors: BADIGANNAVAR Vidu 
Published: March 2018

ResumenTras las reformas económicas iniciadas en 1991, 1os sindicatos indios fueron quedando excluidos del proceso político y marginados en la negociación colectiva. A partir de encuestas y entrevistas realizadas a dos sindicatos de Maharashtra afiliados a dos federaciones sindicales nacionales, se examina si la gestión participativa en las empresas es un medio factible para los sindicatos indios de ganar influencia y proteger los intereses de los trabajadores. A pesar de que la legislación de Maharashtra favorece las relaciones laborales cooperativas, la realidad laboral, la indiferencia estatal y los fallos judiciales adversos merman las posibilidades de verdadera participación de los trabajadores en sus empresas.
¿Pueden explicarse las diferencias en cuanto a desempleo juvenil según el régimen laboral y de bienestar imperante?
Authors: TAMESBERGER Dennis 
Published: March 2018

ResumenNinguna institución puede reducir por sí sola el desempleo juvenil, dado que funcionan sinérgicamente constituyendo regímenes laborales y de bienestar. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica y un análisis de conglomerados, el autor establece cinco diferentes regímenes en la UE‐27 y estima sus efectos en la proporción de desempleo juvenil y en la tasa de desempleo juvenil de larga duración. La mejor estrategia para favorecer los resultados laborales de los jóvenes resulta ser un sistema de aprendizaje dual integrado en un régimen laboral de mercado con altos niveles de seguridad social, buenas PAMT y un gasto elevado en educación y guarderías.
Cicatrices de juventud. Efectos del desempleo temprano en el desempleo posterior
Authors: SCHMILLEN Achim , UMKEHRER Matthias 
Published: March 2018

ResumenPara discernir si el desempleo temprano genera desempleo posterior, los autores toman datos administrativos de 700 000 individuos emparejados con su empleador y los siguen durante veinticuatro años. Tomando como instrumento del desempleo temprano las perturbaciones de la demanda de trabajo a escala empresarial, encuentran un efecto de cicatriz significativo y persistente: en la media, cada día de desempleo durante los primeros ocho años de vida activa incrementa el desempleo en plena edad de trabajar en medio día. Con regresiones cuantílicas observan que el efecto aumenta cuanto más se prolongue el desempleo temprano.
Eater and draper are involved in the periostial haemocyte immune response in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Sigle L. T. , Hillyer J. F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHaemocytes respond to infection by phagocytosing pathogens, producing the enzymes that drive the phenoloxidase‐based melanization cascade, secreting lytic factors, and producing other humoral proteins. A subset of haemocytes, called periostial haemocytes, aggregate on the surface of the heart of mosquitoes and kill pathogens in areas of high haemolymph flow. Periostial haemocytes are always present, but an infection induces the recruitment of additional haemocytes to these regions. Here, we tested whether members of the Nimrod gene family are involved in the periostial immune response of the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Using organismal manipulations, RNA interference (RNAi) and microscopy, we show that, following an infection with Escherichia coli, nimrod – the orthologue of Drosophila NimB2 – is not involved in periostial responses. At 4 h postinfection, however, RNAi‐based knockdown of draper results in a marginal increase in the number of periostial haemocytes and a doubling of E. coli accumulation at the periostial regions. Finally, at 24 h postinfection, knockdown of eater decreases the number of periostial haemocytes and decreases the phagocytosis of E. coli on the surface of the heart. Phagocytosis of bacteria is more prevalent in the periostial regions of the mid abdominal segments, and knockdown of draper, nimrod or eater does not alter this distribution. Finally, knockdown of Nimrod family genes did not have a meaningful effect on the accumulation of melanin at the periostial regions. This study identifies roles for eater and draper in the functional integration of the mosquito immune and circulatory systems.
Core outcome domains in incontinence‐associated dermatitis research
Authors: Van den Bussche Karen , Kottner Jan , Beele Hilde , De Meyer Dorien , Dunk Ann Marie , Ersser Steven , Lange Toni , Petrovic Mirko , Schoonhoven Lisette , Smet Steven , Van Damme Nele , Verhaeghe Sofie , Van Hecke Ann , Beeckman Dimitri 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo report the development of a core set of outcome domains for clinical research involving adults with incontinence‐associated dermatitis or at risk, independently from any geographical location or skin colour.BackgroundThe management of incontinence‐associated dermatitis is important in caring for incontinent patients. The lack of comparability of clinical trial outcomes is a major challenge in the field of evidence‐based incontinence‐associated dermatitis prevention and treatment. Core outcome sets may therefore be helpful to improve the value of clinical incontinence‐associated dermatitis research.DesignSystematic literature review, patient interviews and consensus study using Delphi procedure.MethodsA list of outcome domains was generated through a systematic literature review (no date restrictions—April 2016), consultation of an international steering committee and three patient interviews. The project team reviewed and refined the outcome domains prior to starting a three‐round Delphi procedure conducted between April–September 2017. The panellists, including healthcare providers, researchers and industry were invited to rate the importance of the outcome domains.ResultsWe extracted 1,852 outcomes from 244 articles. Experts proposed 56 and patients 32 outcome domains. After refinement, 57 panellists from 17 countries rated a list of 58 outcome domains. The final list of outcome domains includes erythema, erosion, maceration,IAD‐related pain and patient satisfaction.ConclusionErythema, erosion, maceration, incontinence‐associated dermatitis ‐related pain and patient satisfaction are the most important outcome domains to be measured in incontinence‐associated dermatitis trials. Based on this international consensus on what to measure, the question of how to measure these domains now requires consideration.Registration:This project has been registered in the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMETInitiative) database and is part of the Cochrane Skin Group—Core Outcomes Set Initiative (CSG‐COUSIN).
Health‐promoting leadership: An integrative review and future research agenda
Authors: Akerjordet Kristin , Furunes Trude , Haver Annie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo provide a synthesis of the evidence of health‐promoting leadership related to nursing by exploring definitions, core attributes and critical conditions.BackgroundIncreasing pressure in healthcare settings due to efficiency requirements, population ageing with complex illnesses and projected global shortage of nurses, is a potential threat to nurses’ health and job satisfaction, and patient quality of care and safety. New ways of thinking about nursing leadership and evidence‐based human resource management are required to improve nursing environments.DesignIntegrative literature review.Data SourcesEight databases were searched: Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Emerald, ERIC, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Psychinfo and Science Direct. Included papers were published between 2000–2016.Review methodsOf 339 papers, 13 were eligible for inclusion: eight qualitative and five quantitative. Studies were assessed for quality using standardized checklists. Framework‐based synthesis was used, allowing for themes identified a priori to be specified as coding categories. This method also allows new themes to emerge de novo.ResultsFour themes were identified. There are multiple definitions of health‐promoting leadership, along with description of the non‐health‐promoting leader. The health‐promoting nurse leader engages in employees’ health promotion, and takes responsibility for actions and maintains open communication, accommodating nurses’ participation in change processes. Through competence development, the health‐promoting organization builds capacity.ConclusionHealth‐promoting leadership may be a promising path to optimizing nursing outcomes through holistic thinking, which emphasizes the importance of context. Accumulated research is required to build a stronger line of international research, with attention to underlying mechanisms, limiting conditions and behaviours known to health‐promoting leadership.