bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Monocytes Drive Influenza A Virus–Mediated Lung Injury in Juvenile Mice
Authors: Coates Bria M. , Staricha Kelly L. , Koch Clarissa M. , Cheng Yuan , Shumaker Dale K. , Budinger G. R. Scott , Perlman Harris , Misharin Alexander V. , Ridge Karen M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Healthy children are more likely to die of influenza A virus (IAV) infection than healthy adults. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the impact of young age on the development of life-threatening IAV infection. We report increased mortality in juvenile mice compared with adult mice at each infectious dose of IAV. Juvenile mice had sustained elevation of type I IFNs and persistent NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the lungs, both of which were independent of viral titer. Juvenile mice, but not adult mice, had increased MCP-1 levels that remained high even after viral clearance. Importantly, continued production of MCP-1 was associated with persistent recruitment of monocytes to the lungs and prolonged elevation of inflammatory cytokines. Transcriptional signatures of recruited monocytes to the juvenile and adult IAV-infected lungs were assessed by RNA-seq. Genes associated with a proinflammatory signature were upregulated in the juvenile monocytes compared with adult monocytes. Depletion of monocytes with anti-CCR2 Ab decreased type I IFN secretion, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and lung injury in juvenile mice. This suggests an exaggerated inflammatory response mediated by increased recruitment of monocytes to the lung, and not an inability to control viral replication, is responsible for severe IAV infection in juvenile mice. This study provides insight into severe IAV infection in juveniles and identifies key inflammatory monocytes that may be central to pediatric acute lung injury secondary to IAV.
La difusión de discursos pseudocientíficos en la radio pública española. El programa Complementarios de RNE-Radio 5
Authors: López Cantos Francisco , Millán Yeste Joan 
Published: February 2018

En esta investigación vamos a analizar los contenidos del programa radiofónico Complementarios de la cadena pública Radio 5 como muestra de la preocupante pandemia de discursos pseudocientíficos que se distribuyen desde los medios de comunicación. Metodología. Utilizamos el análisis de contenido desde la perspectiva de la Frame Theory con el fin de determinar el dispositivo discursivo con que promueven los contenidos pseudocientíficos en este programa radiofónico. Resultados. La cadena pública de radio pretende promover un espacio divulgativo y de utilidad social, pero contribuye en la difusión de contenidos sin ninguna validez científica y se pone al servicio del discurso pseudocientífico. Discusión. Las denominadas terapias complementarias y los discursos pseudocientíficos ocupan el espacio público aparentando ser útiles y científicamente válidos. Conclusiones. Estos contenidos mediáticos pueden resultar muy nocivos y derivar en un serio problema de salud pública y habría que tratarlos desde una perspectiva mucho más crítica y científicamente responsable.
Herstelbemiddeling in twee gevangenissen
Authors: Claes Bart , Shapland Joanna 
Published: February 2018

Desistance from crime and restorative justice
Over the last twenty years, research on desistance from crime and on restorative justice has grown rapidly and both have emerged as exciting, vibrant, and dynamic areas of contemporary criminological interest. While the implementation of restorative justice practices in Europe has been essentially victim-oriented, there has always also been an emphasis on including the moral and social rehabilitation of the offender. This more offender-centred approach to restorative justice and its practices is not limited to the evaluation of its ability to reduce crime, but is to be seen within the connection between reparation, resettlement (reintegration into the community after sentence), and desistance from crime. This article examines, from a broad perspective, but including some data from research on victim-offender mediation in prison, the capacity of restorative justice interventions to impact positively on offenders’ likelihood of stopping committing criminal offences.
The Effects of High Intensity Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Abdominal Strength and Endurance, Core Strength, Abdominal Girth, and Perceived Body Shape and Satisfaction
Authors: Porcari John , Ryskey Abigail , Foster Carl 
Published: February 2018

Background: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been used clinically for many years as a modality to improve muscular strength and endurance. Recently, equipment manufacturers have developed over-the-counter NMES units to target specific muscle groups, particularly the abdominal region. Objective: To study the effects of self-administered neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on changes in abdominal muscle strength and endurance, core strength, abdominal girth, and subjective measures of body satisfaction and shape. Methods: Fifty-three adults were randomly assigned into high intensity (HI: n=27) or low intensity (LI: n=26) groups. The NMES device for the LI group had been altered so that subjects felt some tactile sensation, but the intensity was not sufficient to elicit a muscular contraction. All subjects stimulated their abdominal muscles 5 days per week (30 minutes per session) for 6 weeks. Subjects were tested at Baseline, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Results: The HI group had a significantly greater increase in strength at 4 weeks (19%) and 6 weeks (29%) compared to the LI group and performed significantly more curl-ups than the LI group at 2 weeks (62%). Both groups had a significant increase in core strength over the course of the study, with no difference between groups. There was no change in abdominal girth between groups. Both groups had significant improvements in body satisfaction from Baseline to 4 weeks and Baseline to 6 weeks, with no significant interaction. Conclusions: Results of the current study indicate that high intensity NMES can significantly increase abdominal strength and endurance compared to LI intensity (control) stimulation. Results for subjective measures tended to favor the HI group, but were less conclusive, since the LI group also had some positive changes.
The Effect of Elevation Bias in Interpolated Air Temperature Data Sets on Surface Warming in China During 1951–2015
Authors: Wang Tingting , Sun Fubao , Ge Quansheng , Kleidon Axel , Liu Wenbin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough gridded air temperature data sets share much of the same observations, different rates of warming can be detected due to different approaches employed for considering elevation signatures in the interpolation processes. Here we examine the influence of varying spatiotemporal distribution of sites on surface warming in the long‐term trend and over the recent warming hiatus period in China during 1951–2015. A suspicious cooling trend in raw interpolated air temperature time series is found in the 1950s, and 91% of which can be explained by the artificial elevation changes introduced by the interpolation process. We define the regression slope relating temperature difference and elevation difference as the bulk lapse rate of −5.6°C/km, which tends to be higher (−8.7°C/km) in dry regions but lower (−2.4°C/km) in wet regions. Compared to independent experimental observations, we find that the estimated monthly bulk lapse rates work well to capture the elevation bias. Significant improvement can be achieved in adjusting the interpolated original temperature time series using the bulk lapse rate. The results highlight that the developed bulk lapse rate is useful to account for the elevation signature in the interpolation of site‐based surface air temperature to gridded data sets and is necessary for avoiding elevation bias in climate change studies.
Investigating Mercury's South Polar Deposits: Arecibo Radar Observations and High‐Resolution Determination of Illumination Conditions
Authors: Chabot Nancy L. , Shread Evangela E. , Harmon John K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is strong evidence that Mercury's polar deposits are water ice hosted in permanently shadowed regions. In this study, we present new Arecibo radar observations of Mercury's south pole, which reveal numerous radar‐bright deposits and substantially increase the radar imaging coverage. We also use images from MESSENGER's full mission to determine the illumination conditions of Mercury's south polar region at the same spatial resolution as the north polar region, enabling comparisons between the two poles. The area of radar‐bright deposits in Mercury's south is roughly double that found in the north, consistent with the larger permanently shadowed area in the older, cratered terrain at the south relative to the younger smooth plains at the north. Radar‐bright features are strongly associated with regions of permanent shadow at both poles, consistent with water ice being the dominant component of the deposits. However, both of Mercury's polar regions show that roughly 50% of permanently shadowed regions lack radar‐bright deposits, despite some of these locations having thermal environments that are conducive to the presence of water ice. The observed uneven distribution of water ice among Mercury's polar cold traps may suggest that the source of Mercury's water ice was not a steady, regular process but rather that the source was an episodic event, such as a recent, large impact on the innermost planet.
Circulation Changes in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Over the Past 23,000 Years Inferred From Authigenic Nd Isotopic Ratios
Authors: Cornuault Marine , Tachikawa Kazuyo , Vidal Laurence , Guihou Abel , Siani Giuseppe , Deschamps Pierre , Bassinot Franck , Revel Marie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) is a key region to study circulation change because of its own thermohaline circulation. In this study, we focused on intermediate/deep water circulation since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) including the sapropel S1 period. Two cores from the Levantine Sea and the Strait of Sicily, respectively, collected at 1,780 m and 771 m water depth, were studied using 143Nd/144Nd (εNd) of foraminiferal tests and leachates as well as benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O). This approach allowed the determination of variations in (1) the North Atlantic water contribution to the Mediterranean basin, (2) water exchanges at the Strait of Sicily, and (3) the influence of the Nile River over the last 23,000 years. During the LGM, high benthic foraminiferal δ13C values indicate well‐ventilated intermediate and deep waters in the EMS. The εNd values were more radiogenic than at present, reflecting a smaller contribution of unradiogenic North Atlantic waters to the EMS due to reduced exchange at the Strait of Sicily. The sluggish circulation in the EMS initiated during deglaciation was further enhanced by increased Nile River freshwater inputs between 15 ka BP and the S1 period. Partial dissolution of Nile River particles contributed to an increase in EMS εNd. The large εNd gradient between the EMS and the Western Mediterranean Sea observed during LGM and S1 suggests that each basin had a distinct circulation mode. Decreasing εNd values at the Strait of Sicily after S1 reflected improved water exchange between both basins, leading to the modern circulation pattern.
Active Deformation of Malawi Rift's North Basin Hinge Zone Modulated by Reactivation of Preexisting Precambrian Shear Zone Fabric
Authors: Kolawole F. , Atekwana E. A. , Laó‐Dávila D. A. , Abdelsalam M. G. , Chindandali P. R. , Salima J. , Kalindekafe L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe integrated temporal aeromagnetic data and recent earthquake data to address the long‐standing question on the role of preexisting Precambrian structures in modulating strain accommodation and subsequent ruptures leading to seismic events within the East African Rift System. We used aeromagnetic data to elucidate the relationship between the locations of the 2009Mw6.0 Karonga, Malawi, earthquake surface ruptures and buried basement faults along the hinge zone of the half‐graben comprising the North Basin of the Malawi Rift. Through the application of derivative filters and depth‐to‐magnetic‐source modeling, we identified and constrained the trend of the Precambrian metamorphic fabrics and correlated them to the three‐dimensional structure of buried basement faults. Our results reveal an unprecedented detail of the basement fabric dominated by high‐frequency WNW to NW trending magnetic lineaments associated with the Precambrian Mughese Shear Zone fabric. The high‐frequency magnetic lineaments are superimposed by lower frequency NNW trending magnetic lineaments associated with possible Cenozoic faults. Surface ruptures associated with the 2009Mw6.0 Karonga earthquake swarm aligned with one of the NNW‐trending magnetic lineaments defining a normal fault that is characterized by right‐stepping segments along its northern half and coalesced segments on its southern half. Fault geometries, regional kinematics, and spatial distribution of seismicity suggest that seismogenic faults reactivated the basement fabric found along the half‐graben hinge zone. We suggest that focusing of strain accommodation and seismicity along the half‐graben hinge zone is facilitated and modulated by the presence of the basement fabric.
High Performance BiOCl Nanosheets/TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Heterojunction UV Photodetector: The Influences of Self‐Induced Inner Electric Fields in the BiOCl Nanosheets
Authors: Ouyang Weixin , Teng Feng , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBiOCl nanosheets/TiO2 nanotube arrays heterojunction UV photodetector (PD) with high performance is fabricated by a facile anodization process and an impregnation method. The heterojunction at the interface and the internal electric fields in the BiOCl nanosheets faciliate the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and regulate the transportation of the electrons. Compared with the large dark current (≈10−5 A), low on/off ratio (8.5), and slow decay time (>60 s) of the TiO2 PD, the optimized heterojunction PD (6‐BiOCl–TiO2) yields dramatically decreased dark current (≈1 nA), ultrahigh on/off ratio (up to 2.2 × 105), and fast decay speed (0.81 s) under 350 nm light illumination at −5 V. Moreover, it exhibits an increased responsivity of 41.94 A W−1, a remarkable detectivity (D*) of 1.41 × 1014 Jones, and a high linear dynamic range of 103.59 dB. The loading amount and growth orientations of the BiOCl nanosheets alter the roles of the self‐induced internal electric field in regulating the behaviors of the charge carriers, thus affecting the photoelectric properties of the heterojunction PDs. These results demonstrate that rational construction of novel heterojunctions hold great potentials for fabricating photodetectors with high performance.
Tough Composite Hydrogels with High Loading and Local Release of Biological Drugs
Authors: Li Jianyu , Weber Eckhard , Guth‐Gundel Sabine , Schuleit Michael , Kuttler Andreas , Halleux Christine , Accart Nathalie , Doelemeyer Arno , Basler Anne , Tigani Bruno , Wuersch Kuno , Fornaro Mara , Kneissel Michaela , Stafford Alexander , Freedman Benjamin R. , Mooney David J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHydrogels are under active development for controlled drug delivery, but their clinical translation is limited by low drug loading capacity, deficiencies in mechanical toughness and storage stability, and poor control over the drug release that often results in burst release and short release duration. This work reports a design of composite clay hydrogels, which simultaneously achieve a spectrum of mechanical, storage, and drug loading/releasing properties to address the critical needs from translational perspectives. The clay nanoparticles provide large surface areas to adsorb biological drugs, and assemble into microparticles that are physically trapped within and toughen hydrogel networks. The composite hydrogels demonstrate feasibility of storage, and extended release of large quantities of an insulin‐like growth factor‐1 mimetic protein (8 mg mL−1) over four weeks. The release rate is primarily governed by ionic exchange and can be upregulated by low pH, which is typical for injured tissues. A rodent model of Achilles tendon injury is used to demonstrate that the composite hydrogels allow for highly extended and localized release of biological drugs in vivo, while demonstrating biodegradation and biocompatibility. These attributes make the composite hydrogel a promising system for drug delivery and regenerative medicine.
Multifunctional Cell Instructive Silk‐Bioactive Glass Composite Reinforced Scaffolds Toward Osteoinductive, Proangiogenic, and Resorbable Bone Grafts
Authors: Moses Joseph Christakiran , Nandi Samit Kumar , Mandal Biman B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe successful regeneration of large volume bone defects necessitates the use of proangiogenic and resorbable scaffolding matrix. Impaired and slow ingrowth of host vasculature within implanted grafts greatly compromises its effective osseointegration. By addressing this, it is demonstrated that the use of copper doped bioactive glass functionalizes silk microfiber reinforcements to improve the physicochemical and osteoinductive properties of two silk scaffolding matrices (mulberry Bombyx mori and non‐mulberry Antheraea assama) employed in the study. The reinforced composite matrices increase the surface area and present an open porous biomimetic micromillieu favoring stem cell and endothelial cell migration within the matrix. Biochemical results indicate the stabilization of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α and expression of C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type‐4 in adipose derived human mesenchymal stem cells, which regulate the downstream proangiogenic signaling and endothelial cell homing, respectively. Osteoinduction, matrix turnover, and resorption effectiveness are favored better in the non‐mulberry silk matrices. The composite matrices significantly promote neo‐osseous tissue formation in volumetric femur defect in rabbits with periosteal restoration seen in the non‐mulberry silk composite matrices. Evidences of total resorption, enhanced vascular‐fibrous tissue ingrowth within the scaffold, vouch for the potential clinical translation of these developed composite silk matrices.
Strategic Advances in Formation of Cell‐in‐Shell Structures: From Syntheses to Applications
Authors: Kim Beom Jin , Cho Hyeoncheol , Park Ji Hun , Mano João F. , Choi Insung S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSingle‐cell nanoencapsulation, forming cell‐in‐shell structures, provides chemical tools for endowing living cells, in a programmed fashion, with exogenous properties that are neither innate nor naturally achievable, such as cascade organic‐catalysis, UV filtration, immunogenic shielding, and enhanced tolerance in vitro against lethal factors in real‐life settings. Recent advances in the field make it possible to further fine‐tune the physicochemical properties of the artificial shells encasing individual living cells, including on‐demand degradability and reconfigurability. Many different materials, other than polyelectrolytes, have been utilized as a cell‐coating material with proper choice of synthetic strategies to broaden the potential applications of cell‐in‐shell structures to whole‐cell catalysis and sensors, cell therapy, tissue engineering, probiotics packaging, and others. In addition to the conventional “one‐time‐only” chemical formation of cytoprotective, durable shells, an approach of autonomous, dynamic shellation has also recently been attempted to mimic the naturally occurring sporulation process and to make the artificial shell actively responsive and dynamic. Here, the recent development of synthetic strategies for formation of cell‐in‐shell structures along with the advanced shell properties acquired is reviewed. Demonstrated applications, such as whole‐cell biocatalysis and cell therapy, are discussed, followed by perspectives on the field of single‐cell nanoencapsulation.
Broadband Photodetectors Enabled by Localized Surface Plasmonic Resonance in Doped Iron Pyrite Nanocrystals
Authors: Gong Maogang , Sakidja Ridwan , Liu Qingfeng , Goul Ryan , Ewing Dan , Casper Matthew , Stramel Alex , Elliot Alan , Wu Judy Z. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe emerging capability to detect light over a broad spectral range is a key to technological applications in sensing, spectroscopy, imaging and communications. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal/graphene van der Waals heterojunctions provide a unique scheme that combines the spectral tunability and strong quantum confinement of the semiconductor nanocrystals sensitizers with superior charge mobility of graphene for extraordinary photoconductive gains. While high responsivity has been demonstrated, the spectral range is typically narrow limited by the cutoff of the semiconductor band gap of the nanocrystals. Here, a broadband photosensitizer is reported, based on doped Iron Pyrite nanocubes (FeS2 NCs) that exhibit strong localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) spanning across ultraviolet through visible to near‐infrared (UV–Vis–NIR). Using the printed LSPR FeS2 NCs/graphene van der Waals heterostructure, a broadband UV–Vis–NIR photoresponsivity in exceeding 1.08 × 106 A/W has been demonstrated through development of a ligand‐exchange process to facilitate efficient charge transfer at the LSPR FeS2 NCs/graphene interface. This result demonstrates the viability of the LSPR semiconductor nanocrystal/graphene van der Waals heterostructure for high‐performance broadband optoelectronics with scalability through direct printing.
A Novel and Versatile Grafting Procedure: Toward the Highest Possible Sulfonation Degree of Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Timm Jana , Marschall Roland 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA unique method for the postsynthetic functionalization of ordered mesoporous silica materials is described. The functionalization is done via a chemical vapor deposition‐type method and leads to the quantitative reaction of isolated surface silanol groups of mesoporous silica materials with organosilane molecules. The result is a highly sulfonated material by anchorage of 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane molecules and subsequent oxidation of the thiol groups to sulfonic acid groups. Ordered mesoporous KIT‐6 and SBA‐15 are chosen as model systems. The sulfonated material exhibits a functionalization degree of 1.05 resp. 1.32 molecules nm−2, which is on the maximum of the theoretical achievable functionalization density resulting in high ion exchange capacities of 1.22 and 1.12 mmol g−1. The versatility and mildness of this method opens up functionalization possibilities for a wide range of other materials, which could be sulfonated or otherwise modified with silanes, and tailored for the further application in catalysis or as solid‐state proton conductors.
Solvothermal‐Derived S‐Doped Graphene as an Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Quan Bo , Jin Aihua , Yu Seung‐Ho , Kang Seok Mun , Jeong Juwon , Abruña Héctor D. , Jin Longyi , Piao Yuanzhe , Sung Yung‐Eun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted enormous attention in recent years due to the high abundance and low cost of sodium. However, in contrast to lithium‐ion batteries, conventional graphite is unsuitable for SIB anodes because it is much more difficult to intercolate the larger Na ions into graphite layers. Therefore, it is critical to develop new anode materials for SIBs for practical use. Here, heteroatom‐doped graphene with high doping levels and disordered structures is prepared using a simple and economical thermal process. The solvothermal‐derived graphene shows excellent performance as an anode material for SIBs. It exhibits a high reversible capacity of 380 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 100 mA g−1, excellent rate performance 217 mAh g−1 at 3200 mA g−1, and superior cycling performance at 2.0 A g−1 during 1000 cycles with negligible capacity fade.