bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New plectosphaerellaceous species from Dutch garden soil
Authors: Giraldo Alejandra , Hernández-Restrepo Margarita , Crous Pedro W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
During 2017, the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI) and the Utrecht University Museum launched a Citizen Science project. Dutch school children collected soil samples from gardens at different localities in the Netherlands, and submitted them to the WI where they were analysed in order to find new fungal species. Around 3000 fungal isolates, including filamentous fungi and yeasts, were cultured, preserved and submitted for DNA sequencing. Through analysis of the ITS and LSU sequences from the obtained isolates, several plectosphaerellaceous fungi were identified for further study. Based on morphological characters and the combined analysis of the ITS and TEF1-α sequences, some isolates were found to represent new species in the genera Phialoparvum, i.e. Ph. maaspleinense and Ph. rietveltiae, and Plectosphaerella, i.e. Pl. hanneae and Pl. verschoorii, which are described and illustrated here.
Non-Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
Authors: Stilo Simona A. , Murray Robin M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We review recent developments on risk factors in schizophrenia.

Recent Findings
The way we think about schizophrenia today is profoundly different from the way this illness was seen in the twentieth century. We now know that the etiology of schizophrenia is multifactorial and reflects an interaction between genetic vulnerability and environmental contributors. Environmental risk factors such as pregnancy and birth complications, childhood trauma, migration, social isolation, urbanicity, and substance abuse, alone and in combination, acting at a number of levels over time, influence the individual’s likelihood to develop the disorder.

Summary
Environmental risk factors together with the identification of a polygenic risk score for schizophrenia, research on gene–environment interaction and environment–environment interaction have hugely increased our knowledge of the disorder.
The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann Syndrome: a Task Force Paper
Authors: Argyropoulos Georgios P. D. , van Dun Kim , Adamaszek Michael , Leggio Maria , Manto Mario , Masciullo Marcella , Molinari Marco , Stoodley Catherine J. , Van Overwalle Frank , Ivry Richard B. , Schmahmann Jeremy D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSporadically advocated over the last two centuries, a cerebellar role in cognition and affect has been rigorously established in the past few decades. In the clinical domain, such progress is epitomized by the “cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome” (“CCAS”) or “Schmahmann syndrome.” Introduced in the late 1990s, CCAS reflects a constellation of cerebellar-induced sequelae, comprising deficits in executive function, visuospatial cognition, emotion–affect, and language, over and above speech. The CCAS thus offers excellent grounds to investigate the functional topography of the cerebellum, and, ultimately, illustrate the precise mechanisms by which the cerebellum modulates cognition and affect. The primary objective of this task force paper is thus to stimulate further research in this area. After providing an up-to-date overview of the fundamental findings on cerebellar neurocognition, the paper substantiates the concept of CCAS with recent evidence from different scientific angles, promotes awareness of the CCAS as a clinical entity, and examines our current insight into the therapeutic options available. The paper finally identifies topics of divergence and outstanding questions for further research.
Acceptance of Self-Sampling Among Long-Term Cervical Screening Non-Attenders with HPV-Positive Results: Promising Opportunity for Specific Cancer Education
Authors: Andersson Sonia , Belkić Karen , Mints Miriam , Östensson Ellinor 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study aims to investigate acceptance of vaginal self-sampling for high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) among long-term screening non-attenders at increased cervical cancer risk and to identify leverage points to promote screening adherence among these women. Forty-three long-term screening non-attenders performed home vaginal self-sampling for HPV, had positive HPV results, and subsequently attended gynecologic examination. Sixteen (37.2%) had high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 or 3), and two had invasive cervical cancer. Forty-one of these women completed a questionnaire concerning Specific Knowledge about HPV, CIN, and cervical cancer, potential barriers to screening and views about self-sampling. Results were compared with 479 women treated for CIN2+ who attended gynecologic follow-up and also performed self-sampling. Significant multivariate predictors of long-term non-attender status compared with referents were low Specific Knowledge, high confidence in self-sampling, and potential barriers—refraining from activity to attend gynecologic examination, needing another's help to attend, and long travel time. Non-attenders citing fear/refraining from gynecologic examination as why they preferred self-sampling significantly more often had lowest Specific Knowledge compared with other non-attenders. All non-attenders could envision themselves doing self-sampling again while only 74% of referents endorsed this statement (p = 0.0003). We conclude that HPV self-sampling is an acceptable option for women at increased cervical cancer risk who have been long-term screening non-attenders. Educational outreach to enhance Specific Knowledge about HPV, CIN and cervical cancer is critical. Those non-attenders who explicitly avoid gynecologic examinations need special attention. Trial Registry:Clinicaltrials.govNCT02750124
Almost $$*$$-Ricci soliton on paraKenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Venkatesha V. , Kumara H. Aruna , Naik Devaraja Mallesha 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We consider almost $$*$$

∗

-Ricci solitons in the context of paracontact geometry, precisely, on a paraKenmotsu manifold. First, we prove that if the metric g of $$\eta $$
η
-Einstein paraKenmotsu manifold is $$*$$

∗

Ricci soliton, then M is Einstein. Next, we show that if $$\eta $$
η
-Einstein paraKenmotsu manifold admits a gradient almost $$*$$

∗

-Ricci soliton, then either M is Einstein or the potential vector field collinear with Reeb vector field $$\xi $$
ξ
. Finally, for three-dimensional case we show that paraKenmotsu manifold is of constant curvature $$-1$$

-
1

. An illustrative example is given to support the obtained results.
On trade in bilateral oligopolies with altruistic and spiteful agents
Authors: Lombardi M. , Tonin S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of altruism and spitefulness in a two-sided market in which agents behave strategically and trade according to the Shapley–Shubik mechanism. By assuming that altruistic agents have concerns for others on the opposite side of the market, it shows that agents always find advantageous to trade. However, they prefer to stay out of the market and consume their endowments when there are altruistic agents who have concerns for the welfare of those on the same side of the market, or when there are spiteful agents. These non-trade situations occur either because the necessary first-order conditions for optimality are violated or because agents’ payoff functions are not concave.
Economic evaluation of passive monitoring technology for seniors
Authors: Schneider John E. , Cooper Jacie , Scheibling Cara , Parikh Anjani 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Advances such as passive monitoring technology (PMT), which provides holistic supervision of chronically ill and elderly patients, enable and support improved monitoring and observation, thus empowering the growing population of older adults to live more independently while lowering health care expenses.

Aims
This study develops a conceptual model to estimate the potential savings associated with PMT.

Methods
We first develop a conceptual model to identify the main cost variables associated with independent living, focusing on three pathways: (1) PMT, (2) independent living supported by the current standard of care, and (3) facility-based care. We examined the impact on three outcomes [i.e., health care costs, institutional costs, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL)] along each of the three care pathways (i.e., PMT, independent living supported by the standard of care, and facility-based care) and developed a cost-benefit model to calculate the net costs and benefits associated with each care pathway.

Results
The cost–benefit model showed savings between approximately $425 per-member per-month (PMPM) for those using PMT compared to those on the standard of care pathway. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that a 5% increase in nursing home utilization generates cost savings of more than 30% PMPM.

Discussion
The total projected cost savings for individuals on the PMT arm are projected to be more than $425 PMPM, with annual savings of $5069 per-person per-year, and over $5.1 million for a target population of 1000 individuals.

Conclusions
The cost calculations in our cost–benefit simulation model clearly demonstrate the value of PMT and show the potential value to payers and integrated delivery systems in offering PMT to individuals who are likely to benefit the most from the services.
Mechanisms and characteristics of mesocarbon microbeads prepared by co-carbonization of coal tar pitch and direct coal liquefaction residue
Authors: Yan Bingfeng , Wang Guangyao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
DCLR-P was prepared by direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) with ash removal. In the present experiments, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) were prepared by co-carbonization of coal tar pitch (CTP) and DCLR-P. With the increase of DCLR-P content, the yield of MCMBs increased from 47.8% to 56.8%. At the same time, the particle sizes distribution of MCMBs was narrowed, resulting in the decrease of D90/D10 ratio from 154.88 to 6.53. The results showed that DCLR-P had a positive effect on the preparation of MCMBs. 1H-NMR, FTIR, SEM and XRD were used to analyze the mechanisms and characteristics of MCMBs prepared by co-carbonization of CTP and DCLR-P. The results showed that the Proton Donor Quality Index (PDQI) of DCLR-P was 13.32, significantly higher than that of CTP (0.83). This indicated that DCLR-P had more naphthenic structure than CTP, which leads to hydrogen transferring in polycondensation reaction. The aliphatic structure of DCLR-P can improve the solubility and fusibility of mesophase, thereby making the structure of MCMBs more structured. The microstructure of the graphitized MCMBs had a substantially parallel carbon layer useful for its electrical performance. The performance of graphitized MCMBs as a negative electrode material for Li-ion batteries was tested. The particle sizes, tap density, specific surface area and initial charge–discharge efficiency of graphitized MCMBs met the requirements of CMB-I in GB/T-24533-2009. However, the initial discharge capacity of graphitized MCMB was only 296.3 mA h g−1 due to the low degree of graphitization of MCMBs.
Revealing the Subsurface Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass from Satellite Data Associated with Typhoon Muifa
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Kuiping , Du Jianting , Liu Yanliang , Liu Lin , Wang Huiwu , Yu Weidong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA significant sea surface temperature (SST) drop was clearly identified to be confined exactly over the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) from satellite‐derived SSTs during Typhoon Muifa's passage over the Yellow Sea (YS) in early August 2011. With a simple one‐dimensional mixed‐layer model (Price‐Weller‐Pinkel [PWP]), the mixed‐layer heat budget diagnosis concluded that the entrainment term, rather than the surface heat flux term that usually dominates over the open ocean, was the dominant process for the significant SST cooling over the YSCWM. The PWP‐based experiments were conducted to set up one lookup table including the SST drop, wind speed, and subsurface temperature gradient, from which the YSCWM's intensity (represented by the subsurface temperature gradient) can be easily found with the satellite wind and SST measurements during the typhoon passage over the YS. This YSCWM‐anchored significant SST drop provides a promising possibility to detect the YSCWM intensity and extent, which have generally been poorly sampled to date.
Soil Moisture and Other Hydrological Changes in a Stratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering Large Ensemble
Authors: Cheng Wei , MacMartin Douglas G. , Dagon Katherine , Kravitz Ben , Tilmes Simone , Richter Jadwiga H. , Mills Michael J. , Simpson Isla R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering has been proposed as a potential strategy to reduce the impacts of climate change. Here we investigate the impact of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering on the terrestrial hydrological cycle. We use the Geoengineering Large Ensemble, which involves a 20‐member ensemble of simulations using the Community Earth System Model with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, in which sulfur dioxide (SO2) was injected into the stratosphere at four different locations, to maintain global mean surface temperature, and also the interhemispheric and equator‐to‐pole temperature gradients at values representative of 2020 (“baseline”) under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. In our simulations, annual mean land precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) increase by 12% each under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. Under the Geoengineering Large Ensemble, the hydrological cycle is suppressed compared to the baseline, with end‐of‐century decreases of 1.4% (12 ± 5 mm/year) and 3.3% (18 ± 2 mm/year) in global mean, annual mean precipitation, and ET over land, respectively. Geoengineering effectively maintains global mean soil moisture under a high CO2 scenario, although there is significant regional variability. Summertime soil moisture is reduced by 42 ± 11 kg/m2 (3.5%) and 27 ± 16 kg/m2 (2.1%) in India and the Amazon, respectively, which is dominated by the decrease in precipitation. We also compare these regional changes in soil moisture under the Geoengineering Large Ensemble with an equatorial‐only SO2 injection case and find a similar sign in residual changes, although the magnitude of the changes is larger in the equatorial run.
Circular Spectral Domain Analysis and Design of a New Millimeter Wave Microstrip Multibeam Antenna
Authors: Kazemi Hamidreza , Borji Amir 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn efficient spectral domain method of moments formulation is derived and presented for a grounded dielectric slab with a number of concentric annular rings placed on the top layer. The structure is excited with microstrip ports placed around the perimeter of the outer ring. The presented method is a novel spectral domain technique in cylindrical coordinates, which employs suitable basis functions for excellent convergence. The convergence and accuracy of the proposed formulation are validated by comparing the rings' surface currents with commercial electromagnetic simulation software.
Solid Solution and Compression Behavior of Hydroxides in the Lower Mantle
Authors: Nishi M. , Tsuchiya J. , Kuwayama Y. , Arimoto T. , Tange Y. , Higo Y. , Hatakeyama T. , Irifune T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe high‐pressure solid solution and compression behavior of hydroxides in the ternary MgSiO4H2‐AlOOH‐FeOOH system were studied at pressures of 16–60 GPa and temperatures of 300–1513 K. We applied in situ X‐ray measurements in conjunction with a multianvil apparatus using sintered diamond anvils to achieve homogeneous temperature distributions within large sample volumes. Our results show that CaCl2‐type hydroxides form solid solutions over a wide composition range. We also observed the volume reductions in the solid solutions accompanied by a spin transition of iron at ~50 GPa, and the wide compositional ranges are maintained through this process. Consequently, water may be transported into the deep lower mantle by the hydrous CaCl2‐type solid solution with changing its composition depending on the chemical and thermal environments.
Stratified Circulation in the Banda Sea and Its Causal Mechanism
Authors: Zhu Yaohua , Wang Liwei , Wang Yonggang , Xu Tengfei , Li Shujiang , Cao Guojiao , Wei Zexun , Qu Tangdong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study examines the vertical structure of the Banda Sea circulation, using the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model+Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation Global Analysis (GLBa0.08) products. The vorticity distribution shows a four‐layer structure in the Banda Sea circulation, stronger in the upper 700 m than in the deeper layers. Circulation during the northwesterly monsoon is cyclonic in the surface layer and anticyclonic in the upper layer, opposite to its counterpart during the southeasterly monsoon. Circulation weakens dramatically in the intermediate layer and is persistently cyclonic in the deep layer. A four‐and‐a‐half‐layer quasi‐geostrophic model is proposed to identify the processes responsible for the stratified circulation structure. The result indicates that the circulation in the central and eastern Banda Sea is mainly forced by monsoonal winds, while in the western and southern boundaries of the Banda Sea the circulation is dominated by the effect of Coriolis force. The effect of Coriolis force lies in the fact that the Indonesian Throughflow enters the Banda Sea from lower latitudes and exits it at higher latitudes, resulting in a residual potential vorticity flux that drives the circulation in the Banda Sea. As upwelling connects the circulation in different layers, vertical vorticity flux also plays a role in driving the circulation in the thermocline, where Ekman pumping is prominent, and in the deep layer as well, where the Lifamatola Passage overflow‐induced upwelling dominates.
Sensitivity of Tidal Bar Wavelength to Channel Width
Authors: Hepkema T. M. , de Swart H. E. , Schuttelaars H. M. 
Published: September 2019

Tidal bars are repetitive estuarine bedforms with heights of several meters and wavelengths in the order 1–15 km. Understanding their formation and sensitivity to changes in channel characteristics is important as they hamper marine traffic and play a crucial role in the local ecosystem. Recent observations suggest that the local width of the channel is dominant in determining the tidal bar wavelength. However, theoretical studies could not reproduce the sensitivity of the tidal bar wavelength to channel width. This discrepancy between theory and observations suggests that a mechanism is missing. In this study, one of the theoretical models is extended and results in tidal bar wavelengths, lateral mode numbers, and growth rates that agree fairly well with those of natural tidal bars, including the wavelengths dependency on estuary width. An important extension of the model concerns the bed slope induced diffusive suspended load transport of sediments. With this, it is explained why previously, the modelled tidal bar wavelengths depend only weakly on estuary width and why in the extended model it does. This has, from a modelling point of view, general implications for morphological models using a total load sediment transport formulation with a so‐called bed slope parameter.
Comparison of Physics‐Based Propagation Prediction Model and Measurements in a Vegetated Residential Area at 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz
Authors: Torrico Saúl A. , Lang Roger H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to extend the physics‐based Torrico‐Bertoni‐Lang propagation model to overcome some of its limitations found in the original model. Namely, be able to include as part of the model, terrain elevation, and morphology information between the transmitter and the receiver simultaneously. Also, to include a detailed explanation of how the canopy of trees is modeled and integrated in the extended physics‐based model within a vegetated residential area. The performance of the model is assessed by comparing with measurements made in several point‐to‐point systems at 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz. The vegetated residential area is described as an area outside the high‐rise core of a city, where the heights of the houses and trees are of relative uniform height that block the direct Line‐of‐Sight between an elevated transmitter and multiple elevated receivers. From this point of view, the propagation takes place over the rooftops and/or through the canopies of trees. The terrain data is from the United States Geological Survey (USGS); the building information is from the Light Detection and Ranging data; and the vegetation data is from the USGS National Land Covered Data 2011 database. Model results show the importance of using a physics‐based model in conjunction with Geographical Information System (GIS) data in order to obtain a close correlation between measurements and predictions.
Intersubband Device Modeling of Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistor for Terahertz Applications
Authors: Kaneriya R. K. , Rastogi Gunjan , Basu P. K. , Upadhyay R. B. , Bhattacharya A. N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh‐electron‐mobility transistors (HEMTs) utilizing gallium nitride (GaN)‐based heterostructures are potential structures for the development of room temperature terahertz (THz) source and detectors. The corresponding material system also offers immense and exciting physical effects governing its behavior at THz frequencies. This behavioral simulation has been attempted for undoped aluminum gallium nitride/ aluminum nitride /GaN heterostructure for THz applications in the present work using technology computer‐aided design platform. Self‐consistent solutions of Schrodinger and Poisson equations are solved to calculate quantized energy states. The work also presents physics‐based device modeling of GaN HEMT structure using the simulated properties of heterostructure like electron mobility, two‐dimensional electron gas concentration, polarization charge concentration, conduction band energies, and so forth. Measurement‐based approach has been adopted to increase the reliability of the simulation and modeling. Various semiconductor characterization techniques have been utilized for this purpose. It is studied and presented that intersubband transition phenomenon is possible mode especially at THz frequency and can significantly contribute to extend the GaN‐HEMT operating frequency well beyond its present cutoff frequency to THz band.