bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS UJI MIKROBIOLOGI DAN LOGAM BERAT PADA SCRUB BERBAHAN DASAR KAPUR SIRIH
Authors: Apriliani Nurul Fitria , Aniriani Gading Wilda 
Published: July 2019

ANALISIS UJI MIKROBIOLOGI DAN LOGAM BERAT PADA SCRUB BERBAHAN DASAR KAPUR SIRIHABSTRAKKapur sirih dibuat dari pengolahan batu kapur hasil pembakaran yang direndam dalam air dalam waktu satu sampai dua minggu sampai hancur dan berbentuk seperti pasta. Kapur sirih ini pada zaman dahulu digunakan oleh para orang tua sebgai campuran ramuan untuk merawat gigi.sedangkan pada pengobatan-pengobatan tradisional juga digunakan sebagai obat mengatasi gusi bengkak,bisul,masalah haid serta penyakit kulit seperti menghilangkan jerawat, menghilangkan bau badan serta memutihkan ketiak. Atas dasar itulah penelitian ini menggunakan bahan dasar kapur sirih agar bisa digunakan sebagai alternatif pemanfaatan kapur sirih. Pembuatan scrub di buat dengan bahan dasar kapur sirih dicampur dengan bahan lain seperti beras, minyak zaitun, minyak lavender,metil paraben,dan air jeruk nipis. Scrub dibuat dengan variasi penambahan kapur sirih. Dari formulasi yang dibuat kemudian diamati yang paling bagus berdasarkan pengamatan organoleptik dan dilakukan beberapa uji. Uji mikrobiologi sampel menunjukkan bahwa hasil dari Uji Angka Lempeng Total sebesar 5,0 x 105 Cfu/g dan Angka Kapang Khamir sebesar 1,6 x 104 Cfu/g tidak memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan oleh BPOM. Sedangkan cemaran bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans serta cemaran logam berat Pb dan Hg adalah negatif.Kata Kunci : Kapur sirih, Scrub dan Mikrobiologi ANALYSIS OF MICROBIOLOGY AND HEAVY METALS TEST IN SCRUB FROM LIME BETELABSTRACTLime betel made from the processing of limestone combustion results are immersed in water within one to two weeks until destroyed and shaped like a paste. This Lime betel is used in the past by the parents sebgai mix of ingredients to treat teeth. While on traditional treatments are also used as a remedy to overcome swollen gums, boils, menstrual problems and skin diseases such as eliminating acne, eliminate body odor and whiten armpits. On that basis this research using the basic ingredients of Lime betel to be used as an alternative utilization of Lime betel . Preparation of scrubs made with basic ingredients of lime betel mixed with other ingredients such as rice, olive oil, lavender oil, methyl paraben, and lime juice. Scrub made with variations of addition of Lime betel . From the formulation made then the best observed based on organoleptic observation and conducted several tests. The sample microbiological test showed that the results from the Total Plate Numbers Test of 5.0 x 105 Cfu / g and the Kapang Khamir Figures of 1.6 x 104 Cfu / g did not meet the requirements set by BPOM. While bacterial contamination Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and heavy metal contamination Pb and Hg is negative. Key Words: Lime betel, Scrub,Microbiology
PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOSILIKA DARI JERAMI PADI
Authors: Wibowo Emas Agus Prastyo , Arzanto Adi Wahyu , Maulana Khoironni Devi , Rizkita Aden Dhana 
Published: July 2019

PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI NANOSILIKA DARI JERAMI PADIABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik silika yang diekstraksi dari jerami padi yang diperoleh dari wilayah usaha tani padi Pekalongan. Silika diperoleh dengan metode sol-gel, yang melibatkan ekstraksi silika dengan larutan alkali dan gelasi silika menggunakan larutan asam. Ditemukan bahwa hasil tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstraksi menggunakan larutan KOH 5% dengan waktu ekstraksi 60 menit, dan pH gelasi 7.0. Persiapan berhasil diproduksi dengan memanaskan jerami padi pada suhu 10 °C/menit dan menahannya pada suhu 500°C untuk memudahkan penguraian dan pengadopsian bahan organik sambil menghindari pengapian otomatis. Komposisi kimia SiO2 diperkuat oleh EDS dan FTIR dan sifat amorf oleh XRD.Serbuk nanosilika dengan ukuran pori rata – rata 45,3869 nm dan memiliki permukaan spesifik (94,761 m2/g).Kata kunci: Jerami padi; Nanopartikel silika, Sol gel PREPAPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION NANOSILICAFROM RICE STAWABSTRACTThis study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of silica extracted from rice straw obtained from rice farming region of Pekalongan. The silica was obtained using sol-gel method, which involves extraction of silica using alkalis solution and gelation of the silica using acid solution. It was found that the highest yield was obtained from the extraction using 5% KOH solution with the extraction time of 60 minutes, and gelation pH of 7.0. Preparation was successfully produced by heating rice straw at 10 °C/min and holding at 500°C to facilitate decomposition and gasiﬁcation of the organics while avoiding auto-ignition. The SiO2 chemical composition was conﬁrmed by EDS and FTIR and the amorphous nature by XRD. Nanosilica powders with a 45,3869 nm average pore size and have speciﬁc surface (94,761 m2/g).Keywords: Rice straw; Silica nanoparticles, Sol gel
ANALISIS RANTAI MARKOV UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI PERPINDAHAN KONSUMEN MASKAPAI PENERBANGAN RUTE MANADO-JAKARTA
Authors: Masuku Fatimah N , Langi Yohanes A.R , Mongi Charles 
Published: July 2019

ANALISIS RANTAI MARKOV UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI PERPINDAHAN KONSUMEN MASKAPAI PENERBANGAN RUTE MANADO-JAKARTAABSTRAKRantai Markov mempunyai sifat bahwa kejadian di masa lalu tidak mempunyai pengaruh pada kejadian masa yang akan datang apabila kejadian saat ini diketahui. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui besarnya peluang perpindahan konsumen maskapai penerbangan rute Manado-Jakarta, dan memprediksi peluang perpindahan maskapai Batik Air, Garuda, Citilink, dan Lion pada periode berikutnya terhadap keempat Maskapai Penerbangan tersebut. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 100 responden maskapai penerbangan hanya Manado-Jakarta. Periode bulan maret-april 2018. Metode penelitian berbentuk survei, dan analisis yang digunakan menggunakan rantai markov. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tahun 2020 mencapai titik keseimbangan dengan presentase untuk maskapai Batik Air yaitu 32%, pada urutan kedua maskapai Garuda yaitu 29%, kemudian Lion Air sebanyak 21%, dan terendah pada Citilink 18%. Kata kunci : Penumpang Maskapai, Maskapai penerbangan, Rantai Markov ANALYSIS OF MARKOV CHAIN TO PREDICT CONSUMER MOVEMENT OF AIRLINE ROUTE MANADO-JAKARTA ABSTRACT The Markov chain has the nature that past events have no influence on future events if the current event is known. The objective of this research is to know the magnitude of the opportunity of consumer movement of airlines of Manado-Jakarta route, and to predict the opportunity of batik Air, Garuda, Citilink, and Lion flight movement in the next period against the four airlines. The study sample consisted of 100 airline respondents only Manado-Jakarta route. The period of March-April 2018. The research method was surveyed, and the analysis used using markov chain. The results showed in 2020 reached the point of balance with a percentage for batik air airline that is 32%, second at 29% Garuda Airlines, then Lion Air 21%, and lowest at Citilink 18%. Keywords : Airline Passenger, Airline, Markov Chain
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KEMBANG SEPATU (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) TERHADAP JUMLAH SPERMATOZOA, BERAT BADAN, DAN BERAT TESTIS TIKUS JANTAN WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Petta Nabila S , Queljoe Edwin De , Rumende Rooije R.H. 
Published: July 2019

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KEMBANG SEPATU (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) TERHADAP JUMLAH SPERMATOZOA, BERAT BADAN, DAN BERAT TESTIS TIKUS JANTAN WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus)ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kembang sepatu terhadap jumlah spermatozoa tikus jantan wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 24 ekor tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang dibagi atas beberapa kelompok dimana kelompok 1 sebagai kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan, kelompok 2, 3 dan 4 sebagai kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis secara berturut-turut 3,6 mg/ml; 7,2 mg/ml; dan 14,4 mg/ml. Perlakuan diberikan secara oral sekali sehari sebanyak 1 ml selama 50 hari sesuai siklus spermatogenesis. Variabel yang diamati yakni jumlah sel spermatozoa, berat badan, dan berat testis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kembang sepatu dapat menurunkan jumlah sel spermatozoa, serta menyebabkan adanya perbedaan berat badan dan berat testis namun, berdasarkan hasil analisis varians, ekstrak etanol daun kembang sepatu tidak dapat menurunkan jumlah sel spermatozoa, berat badan dan berat testis tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus) secara signifikan.Kata Kunci: Sel spermatozoa, Kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), Tikus jantan Wistar (Rattus novergicus) THE INFLUENCE OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF GRANTING HIBISCUS (Hibiscus Rosa-sinensis L.) AGAINST THE NUMBER OF SPERMATOZOA, WEIGHT AND THE WEIGHT OF THE TESTES MALE WISTAR RATS (Rattus norvegicus) ABSTRACTThis research’s objective is to know the influence of injecting ethanol extract from a hibiscus into a number of common male rats (Rattus norvegicus). This research uses the approach of complete randomized design (CRD) onto 24 common white rats (Rattus norvegicus) that is divided into groups, where group 1’s approach is control without treatment, groups 2, 3, and 4’s approach is with treatment, with consecutive doses being 3.6 mg/ml; 7.2 mg/ml; and 14.4 mg/ml. The treatment is induced orally as large as 1cc per day for a total of 50 days following the spermatogenesis cycle. The variables that are being observed are the amount of spermatozoon cells, body weight, and testicle weight. The results of this research indicates that ethanol extract from hibiscuses, from a quantity perspective, can decrease spermatozoon cells, and it may also influence the body weight and testicle weight of the subject, in this case are common rats (Rattus norvegicus) but, from the mathematical results from Analysis Of Variance, ethanol extract from the leaves of a hibiscus cannot decrease the amount of spermatozoon, body weight, and testicle weight of a common white rat (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: Spermatozoon Cells, Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), Common (white) rat (Rattus novergicus)
Supporting Essential Biodiversity Variables: The GLOBIS case study
Authors: Belbin Lee , Hobern Donald 
Published: July 2019

Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) are the latest push toward supporting state of the environment indicators (Pereira et al. 2013). The European Union Funded Creative-B Project (see https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/100345/brief/en) outlined the status and strategy for interoperability between what they termed Biodiversity Research Infrastructures (BRIs: such as the Global Biodiversity Information Infrastructure (GBIF), the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) and the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio)). Toward the end of that project, the group decided that a logical follow-on project should position BRIs to support the production of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs). This idea became the GLOBal Infrastructures for Supporting Biodiversity research (GLOBIS-B) project (http://www.globis-b.eu) and this presentation provides a summary of a case study on generating EBVs (Hardisty et al. 2019).
As a part of GLOBIS-B, I suggested that a small team of GLOBIS members should document in detail, each step in the production of an EBV from GBIF and the ALA data for a few invasive species. We wanted address the rarity of detailed recording and justification for each step in the production of a dataset for environmental evaluation. I anticipated that the team would encounter many practical issues, but this case study raised far more significant issues that any of us had anticipated.
The EBV chosen for this study was Area of Occupancy (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2017) and the species selected represented various invasion scenarios: Acacia longifolia; Vespula germanica and Bubulcus ibis. The workflow included 20 steps between locating data and publishing an EBV, and these steps were radically different between GBIF and the ALA. The workflow required manual steps such as resolving invasive status of Acacia longifolia subspecies; only one of which was ‘invasive’. Datasets of occurrence records had to be exported from the ALA and GBIF to enable filtering for purpose, for example, not all Darwin Core terms are exposed in the current public interface of the ALA. After the record filtering, the ALA and GBIF datasets then required merging and deduplication, for which one-off code had to be written.
A few of the 15 significant messages from this study included: a lack of consistency of data between BRIs (e.g., GBIF records should be a superset of ALA records); consistency and adequacy of filtering tools between BRIs; exported data structures massively differed between BRIs; that automation of the workflows may be possible but many manual intervention steps were required. By my figuring, the case study took approximately 10 times longer than anticipated, but the messages to BRIs was clear – consistency and adequacy of data and tools require urgent work.
Regards des professionnels de santé en soins palliatifs sur la spiritualité : une étude qualitative
Authors: Cuniah Maeva , Bailly Nathalie , Bréchon Geneviève 
Published: July 2019

Cette étude qualitative s’est attachée à décrire les représentations des professionnels vis-à-vis du concept de spiritualité afin de mieux cerner son intégration dans l’accompagnement. La méthodologie retenue repose sur l’organisation de deux focus groups pluriprofessionnels (en institution et au domicile), adjoignant chacun 6 professionnels impliqués dans l’accompagnement en soins palliatifs (2 médecins, 5 infirmiers, 3 aides-soignants, 1 psychologue et 1 interne). Une analyse de contenu a permis de mettre en évidence trois thèmes pivots émanant des focus groups : les représentations de la spiritualité des professionnels ; la place qu’elle occupe dans leur pratique et leurs attentes en matière d’accompagnement spirituel. De par le caractère polysémique qu’elle revêt, la spiritualité est un concept difficile à aborder lors de la rencontre avec le patient pour les professionnels. Cependant, tous soulignent l’importance d’assurer un accompagnement global de la personne en tenant compte de l’ensemble des dimensions de la personne, y compris spirituelle et ce, qu’elle soit religieuse ou non. Proposer à l’autre un espace, une présence, une écoute à cette dimension, si la demande s’en fait sentir, ce sont des attitudes que tendent à suivre les professionnels pour éclairer le cheminement personnel des patients et la mise en sens de ce qu’ils traversent.
Comercio informal en ciudades de frontera. Estudio de caso de los feriantes de ropa y calzado en la ciudad de Tacna (Perú)
Authors: Jiménez Palacios Ricardo 
Published: July 2019

Las especificidades ocurridas en ciudades de fronteras, tales como los tipos de cambio, las dinámicas productivas o la subvención de servicios, se convierten en un factor importante para las diversas articulaciones socioeconómicas transfronterizas. De esta manera, la ropa y el calzado usados, cuya importación está permitida en el norte de Chile, pero prohibida en el territorio peruano, permite la consolidación de la Feria de Ropa y Calzado de Segundo Uso en la ciudad fronteriza de Tacna (Perú), la cual se convierte en un importante núcleo de desarrollo a nivel local. El presente artículo presenta las principales características de esta actividad por medio de un estudio cuantitativo que aborda aspectos sociales, económicos y de prejuicio en torno a este grupo de comerciantes.
América Latina frente a un cambio de época
Authors: Bernal-Meza Raúl 
Published: July 2019

La reconciliación diplomática entre Estados Unidos y Cuba y la visita de Obama a La Habana constituyen un quiebre –político, ideológico, eidético y de paradigmas– que, siguiendo la argumentación de Hobsbawm sobre los períodos históricos del siglo XX, marcan un “cambio de época” en las relaciones internacionales hemisféricas, dando inicio a una reconfiguración cuyas tendencias están determinadas por los recientes recambios de gobierno en distintos países de América Latina y, fundamentalmente, por el proceso de transición hacia un nuevo orden de relaciones internacionales y hemisféricas que ha impulsado Donald Trump. En este contexto, lo nuevo, que representa el “cambio de época”, está determinado por el ejercicio del poder por parte de Estados Unidos, entre una praxis de poder social, de mayor multilateralismo, cuya mejor expresión fue la reconciliación diplomática entre Estados Unidos y Cuba, pero también por el retorno al unilateralismo, el proteccionismo y la interpretación de un poder norteamericano sin igual, por parte de Washington, bajo la administración del presidente Trump. El texto contribuye a la identificación del proceso de cambios –globales, hemisféricos y regionales– posteriores al “cambio de época” y al análisis sobre respuestas que están surgiendo en Sudamérica frente a los nuevos escenarios globales y regionales.
VIRAL LOAD AND NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS IN HEPATITIS B VIRUSES DERIVED FROM CHRONIC HBV PATIENTS
Authors: Shokatpour Narjes , Vaezjalali Maryam , Foster Graham R , Sali Shahnaz 
Published: July 2019

Background: Mutations in the S gene (HBsAg), precore (PC) and basic core promoter (BCP) of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) are correlated with a wide spectrum of diseases. This study assessed the frequency of mutations in the S gene, PC and BCP regions in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Methods: 104 CHB patients who visited Tehran Hepatitis centers, were included. The viral load of samples was determined based on the TaqMan method. Regions of the S gene, PC and BCP were amplified by the nested PCR. Positive PCR products were sequenced and analyzed.

Results: Successfully sequenced S gene region revealed all the derived strains were genotype D, with the majority (90%) belonging to the ayw2 subtype, and the rest (9%) to the ayw1 subtype. The prevalence of mutations was found to be 51% and 18% in the HBsAg and MHR regions, respectively. 70% of amino acid changes within HBsAg occurred in different immune epitopes, of which 27% and 72% were located in B cell and Th epitopes, respectively. Successfully sequenced PC and BCP regions showed at least one mutation in 84.6% of the patients. The PC and BCP mutations were G1896A (61%), G1899A (23%), A1762T/G1764A (23%) and G1764T/C1766G (26%). None of the strains with A1762T/G1764A mutation carried the G1764T/C1766G mutant.

Conclusions: Our results showed common mutations within HBsAg, occurring in immune epitopes, a high rate of G1896A mutations in the PC region, and a negative correlation between the emergence of A1762T/G1764A mutation and the G1764T/C1766G mutant in the BCP region.
An exploratory study of early career teachers as culturally responsive teachers
Authors: Beutel Denise Ann , Tangen Donna , Spooner-Lane Rebecca 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to advance understanding on how early career teachers imagined themselves to be culturally responsive and how their beliefs and ideologies about teaching a diverse range of learners were challenged and refined during their early years of teaching. This qualitative, exploratory study was conducted in a large, secondary school in eastern Australia that has a highly diverse population of students. Findings indicate that, while these early career teachers lacked preparation for working with diverse learners, building relationships on multiple levels (with students, with fellow beginning teachers, and with senior staff which includes ongoing support and mentoring from colleagues) is essential for the development of early career teachers as culturally responsive practitioners. Findings are discussed in relation to Garmon’s (2005) six key factors for teaching diverse groups of students: openness, self-awareness, commitment to social justice, having intercultural experiences, have support group experiences, and recognising individual growth. These findings have implications for schooling systems in how they can better transition early career teachers to classrooms and for higher education teacher preparation programs in Australia and many other countries with a growing number migrant and refugee students coming into the school system.
Becoming College and Career Ready: Combating The New Digital Divide – A Literature Review
Authors: Orta Nelson A 
Published: July 2019

The availability of technologies for supporting personal, productivity, communications, and business tasks is ubiquitous and expected. Educational systems have a significant responsibility to ensure future generations are skilled to assume job duties involving the pervasive use of digital assets. Schools and higher education institutions, being at the epicenter of preparing the workforce for the adoption of technologies for learning and productivity, are increasingly making significant investments to develop digital skills among students. Given the increased adoption of technologies for instruction in U.S. classrooms, the digital divide as a concept may be shifting from lack of access, to a deeper context referred to understanding how to purposefully utilize technology to develop literacy, support academic growth, conduct research, and enhance productivity. There is evidence of significant skill gaps between students coming from high versus low socio-economic households, therefore, it is imperative to prioritize investments in technologies for learning and robust digital pedagogy practices in schools serving low socio-economic status students. This paper provides an updated definition of the digital divide and the importance of providing effective technology-based pedagogy to students from poverty to prevent skill gaps from becoming a competitive disadvantage as they strive to be successful in college and careers.
Assessment of Creative Thinking of Hong Kong Undergraduate Students Using the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
Authors: Ng Annie W. Y. , Lee Chung-Yee 
Published: July 2019

Creativity has been a key graduate attribute and transferrable skill for the universities nowadays. A better understanding of freshmen students’ level of creativity thinking facilitates the cultivation of the ways for nurturing the development of creativity in students throughout their university education studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate creative thinking abilities of first-year undergraduates in Hong Kong using the Torrance Tests of Creativity Thinking (TTCT) – a commonly known assessment for creativity. A total of 492 first-year undergraduates at a university in Hong Kong were asked to complete TTCT Figural Form consisting of picture construction, picture completion and lines activities. Generally, the creative potential of Hong Kong undergraduates was well above the average. The students demonstrated their abilities in generation of a number of relevant ideas (fluency), producing novel responses (originality), abstract thinking (abstractness of titles), and open-minded thinking (premature closure). They exhibited creative strength of, for example, flexible imagination, thinking with senses, and thinking beyond boundaries. However, students’ elaborative thinking, metaphorical-thinking and sense of humor had a lot of room for improvement. Based on the assessment results, some implications on the possible institutional strategies for nurturing creativity among students during university education were discussed.