bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive silver carp may compete with unionid mussels for algae: First experimental evidence
Authors: Tristano Elizabeth P. , Coulter Alison A. , Newton Teresa J. , Garvey James E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Unionid mussels are imperilled throughout the US, where their global diversity is highest. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1844), an invasive planktivorous fish, has spread throughout Midwestern rivers and currently threatens the Great Lakes. Because silver carp remove plankton and other particles from the water column, they may compete with mussels for food resources. This would be among the first examples of a direct competitive interaction between fish and mussels.
To examine the potential for competition, a 30 day tank experiment was performed with 2 year old fatmucket mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea Barnes, 1823) and age‐1 silver carp in three treatments: fatmucket only, silver carp only and fatmucket + silver carp. All tanks were given a commercial algal‐based diet daily and dry mass of suspended particles (an estimate of available food) and NH4, NO3 and NO2 concentrations were quantified every 5 days to track food availability and changes in nutrients. Initial and final silver carp total length (mm) and mass (g), and fatmucket length (mm), height (mm) and surface area (cm2) were measured.
Survival was 100% over the test duration for both species. Fatmucket grew less in the fatmucket + silver carp treatment, whereas silver carp growth was undetectable regardless of treatment. Fatmucket also exhibited increased movement in the presence of silver carp. Suspended particles did not differ among treatments. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were higher in the silver carp treatments, suggesting that silver carp increase nutrient availability in aquatic systems.
Overall, the slower growth rates observed in the fatmucket + silver carp treatment compared with the mussel‐only treatment suggest exploitative competition between invasive planktivorous silver carp and fatmucket, and this competition may contribute to additional stress on already imperilled mussels.
Metabolomics‐based pathway changes in testis fragments treated with ethinylestradiol in vitro
Authors: Sun Jinchun , Beger Richard D. , Sloper Daniel T. , Nakamura Noriko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a need to develop in vitro models to test drugs and chemicals that induce toxicity in the male reproductive system. We have evaluated an in vitro mouse testis organ culture model capable of producing viable, fertilization‐proven sperm as a possible toxicity test model. Although this in vitro model was limited to round spermatid differentiation, histopathology observations could still be performed. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis (LC/MS)‐based metabolomics was used to measure metabolome changes of chemically treated in vitro testis fragments.MethodsOn Postnatal Day 5, C57BL/6J mouse testes were divided into four fragments, which were placed onto a 1.5% agarose gel cube and cultured in α‐MEM including 0.4% AlbuMAX I (Day 0). On Day 1 of culture, testis fragments were treated with 0 (control), 0.01, or 1 nM ethinylestradiol (EE). On Day 20 of culture, the testis fragments were collected for LC/MS and histology analysis.ResultsSeveral metabolites involved in glycogen metabolism and glycolysis pathways (uridine diphosphate‐glucose, glucose phosphate, and pyruvate), in the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway (oxaloacetate and aspartate), and in the arginine and proline metabolism (arginine and spermine) were significantly altered in the 1 nM EE treated group compared to the control group. The metabolite changes were associated with an increase in percentage of seminiferous tubules with round spermatids as well as dose‐dependent dead cells.ConclusionThese findings suggest that EE treatment may cause testicular toxicity by affecting glycogen metabolism and energy pathways. To confirm these findings, further experiments will be necessary using other testicular toxicants.
SIMCAN: A simulator to improve the learning of distributed and high‐performance computing systems in engineering degrees
Authors: Núñez Alberto , Mañoso Carolina , de Madrid Ángel P. , Pickin Simon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDistributed systems programming (DSP) is an important subject in the Computer Engineering undergraduate degree. The use of a version of the SIMCAM simulator adapted to the educational context enabled our DSP students to exercise important facets of DSP that are otherwise difficult or impossible to incorporate in student activities. Analyzing and quantifying the assumed benefits of this educational intervention on student learning enables us to better adapt such interventions to student needs. To investigate the impact on student learning of this novel use of a simulator we analyze both the course‐assessment results and the constructors of the technology acceptance model, the latter via an initial survey of student perceptions carried out at the beginning of the course and another carried out after completing the simulator‐based assignment. We observe, in particular, an improvement in the overall grades between the target year and those of the year previous to the simulator introduction. Moreover, other statistical findings are also of interest.
Lay theories and consumer perceptions of dietary supplements
Authors: Homer Pamela Miles , Mukherjee Sayantani 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConsumers lack awareness and concern of potential adverse reactions, interactions, and inappropriate usage associated with dietary supplements. The lack of strict governmental regulation of supplements accompanied by consumers' lack of knowledge often results in them relying on ordinary lay (naïve) beliefs and theories when making supplement‐based decisions. We use an accessibility–diagnosticity framework to explore the impact of lay theories/beliefs on consumers' perceptions and judgments of dietary supplements. Two experiments prime two lay theories relevant to dietary supplement decision making: “less is more” (LIM: Study 1) and “no‐pain no‐gain” (NPNG: Study 2). Supplement form (single‐ vs. multi‐ingredient) is also manipulated in both studies, and Study 2 includes a Food and Drug Administration disclaimer intervention. Findings show that when a LIM lay theory is primed (Study 1), supplement form is a diagnostic cue. Specifically, consumers perceive that multi‐ingredient supplements possess more severe adverse side effects compared with single‐ingredient supplements. In the presence of an NPNG mindset (Study 2), supplement form was not diagnostic in the decision process, and a disclaimer intervention that draws attention to the lack of government regulation and testing of supplements was ineffective at influencing perceived side effect severity and attitude. The data confirm that lay theories impact dietary supplement decision making and that the observed effects are consistent with an accessibility–diagnosticity framework. Implications for public policy are also discussed.
“Acute onset tetraplegia associated with immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia and suspected secondary intraspinal hemorrhage in a dog”
Authors: Lee Jasmine S. , Bellis Tara Jane , Yoskowitz Adam S. , Levitin Boaz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeurologic manifestations of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia are uncommon, and limited reports exist in human and veterinary medicine. This report documents acute onset of tetraplegia in a dog with immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia and suspected secondary intraspinal hemorrhage with subsequent recovery of neurologic function following treatment.
Binary Pd−Ni Nanoalloy Particles over Carbon Support with Superior Alkaline Formate Fuel Electrooxidation Performance
Authors: Sankar Sasidharan , Anilkumar Gopinathan M. , Tamaki Takanori , Yamaguchi Takeo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFormate is the one legitimate carbon‐neutral fuel that has the capability of being considered an alternative to alcohol fuels amidst the growing demand for efficient fuel‐cell systems. In this manuscript, we demonstrate, for the first time, a class of binary Pd−Ni alloy nanoparticles over two different carbon supports showing exceptional enhancement of the formate oxidation reaction (FOR) performance in alkaline medium, compared to Pd/C. The synergistic effects of Pd and oxophilic Ni along with the electronic structure alteration of Pd induced through alloying resulted in an effective change in its catalytic ability, leading to a 5‐time enhancement in the overall current density along with a lower overpotential during formate oxidation compared to Pd/C. The more active Pd catalytic sites of the nanoalloy helped to yield mass activities as high as 4.5 A mg−1Pd and 7.8 A mg−1Pd during FOR. The structural and electrochemical analysis justifies the synergistic effects and alterations in the Pd lattice ensuing a superior enhancement of electrochemically active Pd sites.
Optimizing FeNC Materials as Electrocatalysts for the CO2 Reduction Reaction: Heat‐Treatment Temperature, Structure and Performance Correlations
Authors: González‐Cervantes Eduardo , Crisóstomo Anaí Arellano , Gutiérrez‐Alejandre Aída , Varela Ana Sofía 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe direct CO2 electrochemical reduction reaction (CO2RR) into carbon‐based chemicals has attracted tremendous attention as a sustainable process for CO2 utilization. The viability of the process, however, is contingent on finding efficient catalysts based on earth abundant elements. Carbon‐based solid catalyst materials doped with nitrogen and transition metals (M−N−C) have emerged as a cost‐efficient alternative for the direct electrochemical reduction of CO2 into CO. These materials contain different N functionalities and MNx moieties which could be involved in the catalytic process. With the aim of gaining insight into the role of these different active sites and how to control their concentration we have prepared 5 polyaniline derived FeNC catalysts by changing the temperature of the heat treatment (750–1050 °C). We observed that it is possible to tune the ratio of the different N functionalities by changing the pyrolysis temperature. Furthermore, this had a clear impact on the catalytic performance of this family of FeNC materials. In particular, a higher temperature correlated with a larger FeNx concentration resulting in a high selectivity toward the CO2RR. These results indicate that FeNx moieties play a predominant role in the catalytic process and that the incorporation of such sites to the carbon structure is enhanced by the heat‐treatment temperature.
Effect of Carbon Support on the Electrocatalytic Properties of Pt−Ru Catalysts
Authors: Hasa Bjorn , Martino Eftychia , Vakros John , Trakakis George , Galiotis Costas , Katsaounis Alexandros 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, we explore the effect of carbon support on the performance of anodic electrodes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Pt−Ru catalysts supported on different carbon materials were synthesized by wet impregnation method and characterized by means of Raman, XRD, TEM, and N2 adsorption analysis. The electrocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was studied during hydrogen oxidation reaction experiments (HOR) as well as during the operation of a fuel cell using pure H2, and H2‐carbon monoxide anode feeding. The results show that the crystalline phase and the point of zero charge (pzc) of the carbon supports play an important role in the metal particle size and consequently in the catalyst electrocatalytic activity. Carbon supports with amorphous phase and high values of pzc, result in catalysts with large metal particle size leading to low electrocatalytic activity. On the other hand, using graphene derivative or carbon nanotubes (CNT) in different catalysts generates smaller metal particle size which results in higher electrocatalytic activity.
Surface Modification of Tin Dioxide via (Bi, S) Co‐Doping for Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formate
Authors: Li Yupeng , Yang Huimin , Hu Xueyan , Tian Haoyang , Gao Mengting , Zhang Dingding , Li Zhifang , Yang Donghua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhotoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 into useful fuels is a promising approach in terms of climate challenge and energy crisis. In this paper, a novel SnO2‐based catalyst doped with bismuth (Bi) and sulfur (S) was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method for photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2. The as‐prepared catalyst demonstrates higher catalytic capability for CO2, in which the faradaic efficiency of formate reaches 55.6 % at an overpotential as low as ∼360 mV and the maximum current density is close to 9.33 mA.cm−2 at −1.4 vs Ag/AgCl with the doping ratio of 3 %, which is three times higher than pure SnO2. Meanwhile, the catalyst is more easily excited by visible light to reduce CO2 due to the narrowing of band gap. The notable electrocatalytic performance for CO2 reduction may be attributed to the defect caused by doping of Bi3+ and S2− into the lattice structure by replacing, respectively, Sn4+ and O2−. The catalyst may provide a novel strategy to promote the development of electrochemical reduction of CO2.
A High‐Throughput Screening Method to Identify Compounds Displaying Human Vascular Embryonic Toxicity
Authors: Rosa Susana , Pitrez Patrícia , Fernandes Hugo , Ferreira Lino 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article describes a screening platform to identify compounds that affect human embryonic vascular development. The procedure comprises the generation of human embryonic‐like endothelial cells (ECs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and subsequent maturation under arterial flow conditions; the use of these cells for the high‐throughput screening of small molecules that specifically inhibit the survival of embryonic‐like ECs; the confirmation of the hits in embryonic‐like ECs cultured under flow shear stress; and final validation in mouse embryonic ECs. The embryonic‐like ECs express embryonic genes including DLL1, EPHB2, LYN, TEK, ID1, NRP2, CAST, FLT1, IGF1, DKK3, NIN, LEF1, and SORBS3. The entire screening procedure (without the validation step) can be completed within 1 month. This platform is an alternative/complement to standard animal protocols for assessing the effects of chemicals on embryonic vascular development. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantum Dot Based Solar Cells: Role of Nanoarchitectures, Perovskite Quantum Dots, and Charge‐Transporting Layers
Authors: Shaikh Jasmin S. , Shaikh Navajsharif S. , Mali Sawanta S. , Patil Jyoti V. , Beknalkar Sonali A. , Patil Akhilesh P. , Tarwal N. L. , Kanjanaboos Pongsakorn , Hong Chang Kook , Patil Pramod S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractQuantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) are attractive technology for commercialization, owing to various advantages, such as cost effectiveness, and require relatively simple device fabrication processes. The properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), such as band gap energy, optical absorption, and carrier transport, can be effectively tuned by modulating their size and shape. Two types of architectures of QDSCs have been developed: 1) photoelectric cells (PECs) fabricated from QDs sensitized on nanostructured TiO2, and 2) photovoltaic cells fabricated from a Schottky junction and heterojunction. Different types of semiconductor QDs, such as a secondary, ternary, quaternary, and perovskite semiconductors, are used for the advancement of QDSCs. The major challenge in QDSCs is the presence of defects in QDs, which lead to recombination reactions and thereby limit the overall performance of the device. To tackle this problem, several strategies, such as the implementation of a passivation layer over the QD layer and the preparation of core–shell structures, have been developed. This review covers aspects of QDSCs that are essential to understand for further improvement in this field and their commercialization.
Cytological features of breast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma in pleural effusion
Authors: D'Alessandris Nicoletta , Lucatelli Pierleone , Tripodi Domenico , Amabile Maria Ida , Ascoli Valeria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBreast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA‐ALCL) is a very rare CD30‐positive ALK‐negative T‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma included as a provisional entity in the 2017 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms. BIA‐ALCL arises as proliferating cells over the surface of the implant. It is generally an indolent disease if confined within the fibrous capsule. In contrast, mass and/or infiltration beyond the capsule is much more aggressive. This report describes a case of infiltrative BIA‐ALCL with massive pleural effusion containing hallmark BIA‐ALCL cells showing the characteristic morphologic appearance of high‐grade anaplastic lymphoma, CD30‐positive but ALK‐negative with variable staining for T‐cell antigens. Detailed cytological features of BIA‐ALCL in pleural fluid are described along with the results of a literature search performed for BIA‐ALCL cases with pleural effusion. This report expands the spectrum of BIA‐ALCL pathology to include chest wall involvement and pleural effusion.
Herbivorous fish rise as a destructive fishing practice falls in an Indonesian marine national park
Authors: Bejarano Sonia , Pardede Shinta , Campbell Stuart J. , Hoey Andrew S. , Ferse Sebastian C. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSecuring ecosystem functions is challenging, yet common priority in conservation efforts. While marine parks aim to meet this challenge by regulating fishing through zoning plans, their effectiveness hinges on compliance levels and may respond to changes in fishing practices. Here we use a speciose assemblage of nominally herbivorous reef fish in Karimunjawa National Park (zoned since 1989) to investigate whether areas subject to a restrictive management regime sustained higher biomass over seven years compared to areas where moderate and permissive regulations apply. Using a trait‐based approach we characterize the functional space of the entire species pool and ask whether changes in biomass translate into changes in functional structure. We track changes in predator biomass, benthic community structure, and fishing practices that could influence herbivore trajectories. Overall herbivore biomass doubled in 2012 compared to 2006–2009 and remained high in 2013 across all management regimes. We found no evidence that this biomass build‐up resulted from predator depletion or increased food availability but suggest it emerged in response to a park‐wide cessation of fishing with large drive nets known as muroami. The biomass increase was accompanied by a modest increase in taxonomic richness and a slight decrease in community‐scale rarity that did not alter functional redundancy levels. Subtle changes in both functional specialization and identity of assemblages emerged as generalist species with low intrinsic vulnerability to fishing recovered sooner than more vulnerable specialists. While this implies a recovery of mechanisms responsible for the grazing of algal turfs and detritus, restoring other facets of herbivory (e.g., macroalgal consumption) may require more time. An increase in the cost‐benefit ratio per journey of muroami fishing facilitated a ban on muroami nets that met minimal resistance. Similar windows of opportunity may emerge elsewhere in which gear‐based regulations can supplement zoning plans, especially when compliance is low. This does not advocate for implementing such regulations once a fishery has become unprofitable. Rather, it underlines their importance for breaking the cycle of resource depletion and low compliance to zoning, thus alleviating the resulting threats to food security and ecosystem integrity.
Persistence and turnover in desert plant communities during a 37‐yr period of land use and climate change
Authors: Abella Scott R. , Guida Ross J. , Roberts Chris L. , Norman Carrie M. , Holland James S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding long‐term changes in ecological communities during global change is a priority for 21st‐century ecology. Deserts, already at climatic extremes, are of unique interest because they are projected to be ecosystems most responsive to global change. Within a 500‐km2 landscape in the Mojave Desert, USA, we measured perennial plant communities at 100 sites three times (1979, 2008, and 2016) during 37 yr to evaluate six hypotheses of community change. These hypotheses encompassed shifts in community measures (e.g., diversity, cover) and species elevational distributions, biotic homogenization, disproportionately large change at the highest elevations, relationships between turnover and species’ responses to disturbance and drought, and that environmental refugia (e.g., moist topographic positions) would receive species during climatic warming and drying. Most community measures changed temporally, such as species density (species/600 m2) increasing 23% and plant cover doubling between 1979 and 2016. There was no increase in nonnative species and minimal evidence for biotic homogenization. High‐elevation communities did not display greater change than low‐elevation communities. Moreover, environmental refugia factored little in species shifts. While species distributional changes were unrelated to affinity for disturbance, the six most persistent species (persisting on >80% of sites) were long‐lived shrubs not associated with disturbance. Overall, seemingly paradoxically, climatic warming and drying was associated with increasing plant abundance. Comparing the 1970s to 2007–2016, precipitation in the study area declined 16% from 17 to 14 cm/yr and average daily minimum temperature rose 13% (1.2°C). The current climate with fewer freezes, together with reduced grazing, could be among the most optimal for desert perennials in the past century, although potential response lags to continuing warming and drying are uncertain. This study of long‐term elevational shifts in communities during global change is among few in deserts, and the average upward elevational shift of 6 m/decade for species in our study is within the range reported for temperate biomes. However, the 41% of species moving downslope is unusually high. We propose that dynamics within desert perennial communities follow a core‐transient species model where a site's species are either highly persistent or transient in approximately equal proportions.
Predicting individualized mortality probabilities for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla: Novel models with clinical and histopathological predictors
Authors: Slieker Fons J. B. , de Bree Remco , Van Cann Ellen M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this article was to develop prediction models that calculate postoperative 2‐ and 5‐year mortality probabilities of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla (MSCC).MethodsData were collected from the medical records of patients who had been operated between 2000 and 2015 for MSCC. Potential clinical and histopathological predictors were identified. Confounding‐(un)adjusted multivariate Cox and logistic regression models were computed with stepwise backward selection. Internal validation was performed to assess calibration and discriminatory ability.ResultsNinety‐five patients with MSCC were included. Two‐year follow‐up was complete, and 85 patients had 5‐year follow‐up. Age, neck treatment, surgical margins, bone invasion, spindle growth, and vasoinvasive growth were associated with mortality. Models were adjusted for confounding with Charlson's comorbidities index. C‐indexes were .841 and .770 respectively, and .838 and .749 after bootstrapping.ConclusionThe MSCC‐specific mortality probability can be calculated with new prediction models.