bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of salt tolerance and analysis of the salt tolerance gene Ncl in Indonesian soybean germplasm
Authors: Cao D. , Yan Y. L. , Xu D. H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the most important legume crops in the world. However, soybean grain yield is extensively affected by environmental stresses such as soil salinity. In this study, we evaluated the germplasm of 51 Indonesian soybean accessions for salt tolerance to identify salt-tolerant germplasms for possible use in breeding for soybean salt tolerance. Based on experiments under hydroponic conditions, adding 100 mM of NaCl to a 1/2 concentration of Hoagland and Arnon solution, several Indonesian soybean germplasms, such as Java 7, Seputih Raman, Tambora, Ringgit (JP 30217), Sinyonya (early) and Sinyonya (late) were identified as salt-tolerant in terms of salt tolerance rate (STR) and leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) taken with the Konica Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. The selected salt-tolerant germplasms were further evaluated under soil medium cultivation in pots irrigated with 100 mM NaCl for around 5 weeks. The six selected soybean germplasms again showed higher salt tolerance in terms of SPAD, STR and shoot dry weight. Expression analysis of the salt tolerance gene Ncl revealed a significant positive correlation between Ncl expression and salt tolerance, suggesting that Ncl is essential for salt tolerance in the Indonesian soybean germplasms we tested. The salt-tolerant Indonesian soybean germplasms identified in this study could be used in local soybean breeding practices for the improvement of salt tolerance.
DIVERSITY AND DIVERSIFICATION RESEARCH
Authors: Gans Herbert J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that diversity is more than just a mixing of people perceived as different, and consists of activities and relationships much like other social phenomena. Consequently, there is much to be studied, beginning with the diversification process by which diversity is implemented. Since diversification is often initiated as a deliberate policy, researchers can be helpful to policy makers, especially with empirical research that addresses their policy related questions.
Brief CBT group therapy for Mexican homeless girls
Authors: Castaños-Cervantes Susana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHomeless girls suffer labour and sexual exploitation, abuse, discrimination and social exclusion at a higher rate than the rest of the population. However, worldwide information on homeless girls and intervention programmes for this group are scarce. This study examined the preliminary efficacy of a brief cognitive behavioural group therapy tailored to Mexican homeless girls. The intervention targeted subjective well-being and these determinants: symptoms of anxiety, symptoms of depression, assertive behaviours and functional emotion regulation skills. Results revealed statistically significant differences in symptoms of anxiety and depression, assertiveness, emotion regulation strategies and subjective well-being with treatment effects that ranged from moderate to large. Symptoms of anxiety and depression, and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies decreased. Assertive skills, functional emotion regulation strategies, and subjective well-being increased. Outcomes were clinically relevant. At 2-month follow-up, participants showed improvement from pre-treatment on all measures. The current study provides unique findings in terms of a promising preliminary intervention that helps restore homeless girls to a healthier social/emotional developmental path especially in the context of Latin American cities. As a result, the clinical implications of this research highlight the urgent need to design effective interventions based on the observed characteristics and identified needs among homeless girls.
Schema Therapy and the use of Politeness Plural in Greek-speaking populations: a need for cultural adaptation or a quest for early maladaptive schemas/modes?
Authors: Kolonia Konstantina , Tsartsara Eirini , Giakoumaki Ourania 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper is clinical practice-based, and examines the Greek cultural linguistic schema of Politeness Plural in the application of the Schema Therapy mode model. The philosophical principles of Schema Therapy and the importance the model ascribes on creating a warm therapist–client relationship as a pre-requisite for schema healing are discussed. We further explore the need for the therapist to be culturally sensitive to the linguistic use of Politeness Plural in Greek-speaking populations. We are looking into the reasons of why, whilst culturally sensitive, a schema therapist needs to remain inquisitive of potential maladaptive and/or internalized dysfunctional coping mechanisms of inter-relating that are masked by the use of the Politeness Plural linguistic schema. The implications the cultural linguistic schema of Politeness Plural can have in the therapy outcome are considered. Specifically, we argue that holding on to the Politeness Plural cultural linguistic schema may reinforce emotional distancing and compromise schema healing. The authors identify the need for more research to further understand the issues that are raised in this article. Although the focus of the article is on Greek populations, the matters under consideration may be valuable to other cultures.
Islamic Defenders Front Militia (Front Pembela Islam) and its Impact on Growing Religious Intolerance in Indonesia
Authors: Facal Gabriel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe processes of democratisation and liberalisation initiated during the course of the IndonesianReformasiera (1998-) generated a stronger porosity in the State's frontiers and led to the formation of certain semi-institutionalised organisations. The approaching 2019 presidential elections have enabled these organisations to position themselves as political and moral brokers. The Islamic Defenders Front militia (FPI) appears to be one of the main actors in this process. It has succeeded in imposing itself in the public sphere, channelling political support and utilising extensive media coverage.While avoiding providing direct opposition to the ruling government and the Constitution, this organisation promotes the social morals followed by a large part of the population and encourages radicalism and violent actions in the name of Islam. The organisation collaborates with a section of the regional and national political elites, some sections of the army and police, several groups that are—more or less—criminal in nature, a number of local communities in different areas, and a variety of violent Islamist groups. Thus, it is at the crossroads of multiple political, economic, social, and religious interests.At the same time, the organisation's leaders maintain their own political objectives. They manipulate the dynamics of the electoral decentralised system to their advantage by obtaining political concessions that serve their personal goals. The capacity of the organisation to impose its discourse on the public stage has led to an urgent need to interrogate both the institutional and ideological transformations initiated by the Indonesian decentralisation since 1999.
Droplet-Size Effects on Control of Chloris spp. with Six POST Herbicides
Authors: Ferguson J. Connor , Chauhan Bhagirath S. , Chechetto Rodolfo G. , Hewitt Andrew J. , Adkins Steve W. , Kruger Greg R. , O’Donnell Chris C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChloris spp. are warm-season grasses that outcompete crops for scarce resources throughout Australia. In Queensland, mild winters and increased adoption of conservation tillage practices have led to an increase of this warm-season grass family in winter crops. The objective of this study is to understand whether droplet size (nozzle type) effects herbicide efficacy of summer perennial grasses, as previous research found no effect of droplet size (nozzle type) on herbicide efficacy of winter annual grasses. A study to compare droplet-size (nozzle type) effects on control of windmillgrass and its domesticated relative, rhodesgrass, was conducted at the University of Queensland in Gatton, QLD, Australia. Results showed little difference in dry weight reductions for windmillgrass or rhodesgrass across droplet size (nozzle type). Paraquat applications with the TTI nozzle resulted in significantly lower dry weight reductions compared with other droplet-size sprays (nozzle types) for rhodesgrass. Glyphosate, imazamox plus imazapyr, and clodinafop resulted in commercially acceptable control for both species, regardless of the droplet size (nozzle type) selected, indicating droplet size (nozzle type) has relatively little impact on the efficacy of these herbicides. Proper nozzle selection can result in control of Chloris spp., a hard to control weed species, while reducing the occurrence of spray drift to nearby sensitive areas.
The Paleozoic Evolution of the Olga Basin Region, Northern Barents Sea: A Link to the Timanian Orogeny
Authors: Klitzke P. , Franke D. , Ehrhardt A. , Lutz R. , Reinhardt L. , Heyde I. , Faleide J. I. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe evolution of the Olga Basin region in the northern Norwegian Barents Sea and its relation to the Caledonian and Timanian orogenies is poorly understood due to sparse geophysical data and the lack of well control. In 2015, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) acquired deep multichannel seismic lines as well as gravity and magnetic data. The new seismic data reveal that the Olga and Sørkapp Basins evolved as a W‐E striking half‐graben system along a major normal fault in the north and a smaller normal fault in the south, respectively. Deep crustal undulating high‐amplitude reflections below the Olga and Sørkapp Basins coincide with W‐E striking local magnetic maxima and may imply that the basins evolved on top of old collisional fabrics. The absence of major compressional deformation implies a post‐Caledonian onset of subsidence. The W‐E structural configuration of the sedimentary basins is difficult to reconcile with an earlier proposed NE striking Caledonian branch in the northern Barents Sea. Instead, the orientation of the Olga and Sørkapp Basins lines up with Timanian structural trends from the Pechora Basin. We propose that the Olga and Sørkapp Basins experienced transtensional deformation during the late Devonian/early Carboniferous NE‐SW regional extension phase whereby inherited Timanian lineaments controlled the final W‐E basin configuration. A salient pre‐Caledonian Olga‐Sørkapp crustal block in the central Barents Sea would also explain the recently proposed NNW rotation of Caledonian nappes and thrust sheets in the southwestern Barents Sea.
Exploring the Impact of Dust on North Atlantic Hurricanes in a High‐Resolution Climate Model
Authors: Reed Kevin A. , Bacmeister Julio T. , Huff J. Jacob A. , Wu Xiaoning , Bates Susan C. , Rosenbloom Nan A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe relationship between African dust and the climatology of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the North Atlantic is explored using the Community Atmosphere Model at a global horizontal resolution of 28 km. A simulation in which the aerosol model is modified to significantly reduce the amount of airborne dust is compared to a standard simulation. The simulation with reduced dust increases TC frequency globally, with the largest increase occurring in the North Atlantic. The increase in TC activity in the North Atlantic is consistent with an environment that is more conducive for the genesis and intensification of storms. TCs are more frequent (27%) and on average significantly longer lived (13%) in the low dust configuration but only slightly stronger (3%). This results in a 57% increase in accumulated cyclone energy per hurricane season on average. This work has implications for projections of future climate and resulting changes in TC activity.
Impact of Colored Dissolved Materials on the Annual Cycle of Sea Surface Temperature: Potential Implications for Extreme Ocean Temperatures
Authors: Gnanadesikan Anand , Kim Grace E. , Pradal Marie‐Aude S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBecause colored dissolved materials (CDMs) trap incoming sunlight closer to the surface, they have the potential to affect sea surface temperatures. We compare two models, one with and one without CDMs, and show that their presence leads to an increase in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle over coastal and northern subpolar regions, which may exceed 2 °C. The size and sign of the change are controlled by the interplay between enhanced shortwave heating of the surface, shading and cooling of the subsurface, and the extent to which these are connected by vertical mixing. The changes in the seasonal cycle largely explain changes in the range of temperature extremes, an aspect of climate with important implications for ecosystem cycling. The modeled changes associated with CDMs have an intriguing resemblance to the observed trend in the annual cycle seen in recent decades, suggesting that more attention be paid to the role of “ocean yellowing” in global change.
Ocean Circulation Signatures of North Pacific Decadal Variability
Authors: Wills Robert C. J. , Battisti David S. , Proistosescu Cristian , Thompson LuAnne , Hartmann Dennis L. , Armour Kyle C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is the dominant pattern of observed sea surface temperature variability in the North Pacific. Its characteristic pattern of eastern intensified warming and cooling within the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension is pervasive across timescales. We investigate the mechanisms for its decadal persistence in coupled climate models, focusing on the role of ocean circulation changes. We use low‐frequency component analysis to isolate the mechanisms relevant at decadal and longer timescales from those acting at shorter timescales. The PDO warm phase is associated with strengthening and expansion of the North Pacific subpolar gyre in response to a deepening of the Aleutian Low. The subpolar gyre takes several years to respond to wind stress forcing through baroclinic ocean Rossby wave adjustment, such that white noise atmospheric forcing is integrated into red noise, increasing variability at long timescales. Sea level anomalies within the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension provide an observable ocean circulation signature of North Pacific decadal variability.
Urban Rainfall Modification: Observational Climatology Over Berlin, Germany
Authors: Lorenz Judith M. , Kronenberg Rico , Bernhofer Christian , Niyogi Dev 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the direct influence of urban areas on storm events (heavy rainfall above 17 mm/hr). An 11‐year climatology of summertime precipitation was performed to capture and describe storm events for Berlin, Germany. An hourly radar composite product from the German Weather Service with a 1‐km grid resolution was used for the analysis. Berlin was chosen due to the relatively modest influences of topography and distinct urban‐rural landscape heterogeneity potentially affecting storms. The analysis identified 96 storm events for the period from 2006 to 2016. Individual storm characteristics were evaluated before the city (upwind), over the city, and behind the city (downwind). Both visual and statistical estimations quantified storm modifications caused by the urban area. Around 60% of the events showed typical patterns of storm alteration by the city. In conformance to earlier studies, we found evidence of urban rainfall intensification about 20 to 50 km downwind of the urban center. Most storms were suppressed, deflected, or split by the city, whereas intensification over the city typically occurred at night or when storms formed over the city. In the present study, results indicate an urban influence on storms in and around Berlin. But, unlike other studies, downwind intensification of storm rainfall was not a typical feature. This study on urban rainfall modification marks one of the first observations‐based climatological assessments for the European region.
Impacts of Wintertime Extratropical Cyclones on Temperature and Precipitation Over Northeastern China During 1979–2016
Authors: Lin Daiyu , Huang Wenyu , Yang Zifan , He Xinsheng , Qiu Tianpei , Wang Bin , Wright Jonathon S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study examines the synoptic impacts of wintertime extratropical cyclones on northeastern China. The 181 analyzed cyclones mainly originate from eastern Mongolia and dissipate over the North Pacific Ocean. Precursor negative geopotential height anomalies for these cyclones emerge over continental areas near the Barents and Kara Seas. Baroclinic instability and midlatitude westerly winds are the dominant factors driving the development and movement of these cyclones from their precursor signals. Owing to the southeastward migration of the cyclones, temperature over northeastern China first increases and then decreases, resulting in a significant increase in the frequency of extreme weather. These cyclones contribute about 70.6% of the extreme precipitation days over northeastern China. Relative moisture contributions from the East China Sea, the Sea of Japan, and East Asia are all anomalously large during cyclones associated with extreme precipitation days, with moisture from these regions entering northeastern China mainly through its southern and western boundaries. Temperature variations over northeastern China play a critical role in the accumulation of moisture for extreme precipitation and the timing of that precipitation. Moisture transport initially contributes to an increase in precipitable water due to warm temperature anomalies. The added precipitable water is then released as extreme precipitation when the atmosphere over northeastern China starts to cool.
Possible Influence of the Antarctic Oscillation on Haze Pollution in North China
Authors: Zhang Ziyin , Gong Daoyi , Mao Rui , Qiao Lin , Kim Seong‐Joong , Liu Shawchen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, the possible influence of the Antarctic oscillation (AAO) on winter haze pollution (indicated by atmospheric visibility after rain, fog, dust, snowstorms, etc. are removed) in North China (NC) was investigated. The results show that the mean winter visibility (December‐January‐February visibility) throughout most of eastern China is negatively correlated with the preceding AAO (August‐September‐October (ASO)‐AAO), especially in NC. The interannual correlation coefficient between DJF‐VIS in NC and the ASO‐AAO is −0.52, which is significant at the 99% level. The negative correlation suggests that an enhancing (weakening) ASO‐AAO could be conducive to increases (decreases) of haze pollution in NC in boreal winter. The responses of local and regional meteorological conditions to the ASO‐AAO support the relationship between the ASO‐AAO and winter air pollution in NC. A preliminary mechanism analysis shows that a positive ASO‐AAO may induce a sea surface temperature warming tendency in the Northwestern Southern Indian Ocean. This warming then causes a wave train‐like pattern in the upper troposphere along the jet stream and an anomalous zonal cell that weakens the regional Hadley circulation from the Maritime continents to East Asia. All of these factors are favorable to the formation of anomalous southerly and haze pollution in NC.
Iron (Oxyhydr)Oxides Serve as Phosphate Traps in Tundra and Boreal Peat Soils
Authors: Herndon Elizabeth M. , Kinsman‐Costello Lauren , Duroe Kiersten A. , Mills Jonathan , Kane Evan S. , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Thompson Aaron A. , Wullschleger Stan D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractArctic and boreal ecosystems are experiencing pronounced warming that is accelerating decomposition of soil organic matter and releasing greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Future carbon storage in these ecosystems depends on the balance between microbial decomposition and primary production, both of which can be regulated by nutrients such as phosphorus. Phosphorus cycling in tundra and boreal regions is often assumed to occur through biological pathways with little interaction with soil minerals; that is, phosphate released from organic molecules is rapidly assimilated by plants or microorganisms. In contrast to this prevailing conceptual model, we use sequential extractions and spectroscopic techniques to demonstrate that iron (oxyhydr)oxides sequester approximately half of soil phosphate in organic soils from four arctic and boreal sites. Iron (III) (oxyhydr)oxides accumulated in shallow soils of low‐lying, saturated areas where circumneutral pH and the presence of a redox interface promoted iron oxidation and hydrolysis. Soils enriched in short‐range ordered iron oxyhydroxides, which are susceptible to dissolution under anoxic conditions, had high phosphate sorption capacities and maintained low concentrations of soluble phosphate relative to soils containing mostly organic‐bound iron or crystalline iron oxides. Thus, substantial quantities of phosphorus in these organic soils were associated with minerals that could reduce bioavailability but potentially also serve as phosphorus sources under anoxic conditions. The implication of this finding is that mineral surfaces effectively compete with biological processes for phosphate and must be considered as a nutrient regulator in these sensitive ecosystems.
Listening to the Forest: An Artificial Neural Network‐Based Model of Carbon Uptake at Harvard Forest
Authors: Eshel Gidon , Dayalu Archana , Wofsy Steven C. , Munger J. William , Tziperman Eli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe terrestrial biosphere strongly modulates atmospheric CO2 mixing ratios, whose inexorable rise propels anthropogenic climate change. Modeling and mechanistically understanding C uptake by the terrestrial biosphere are thus of broad societal concerns. Yet despite considerable progress, scaling up point observations to landscape and larger scales continues to frustrate analyses of the anthropogenically perturbed global C cycle. While that up‐scaling is our overarching motivation, here we focus on one of its elements, modeling C uptake at a given site. We devise a novel artificial neural network (ANN)‐based model of C uptake at Harvard Forest that combines locally observed and remotely sensed variables. Most of our model predictors are those used by an established ecosystem C uptake model, the Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model (VPRM), easing comparisons. To those, we add observed cumulative antecedent precipitation and soil temperature. We find that model errors are much larger in winter, indicating that better understanding and modeling of respiration will likely discernibly improve model performance. Comparing the ANN and VPRM results reveals errors attributed to unrealistic treatment of temperature in the VPRM formulation, indicating that better representation of temperature dependencies is also likely to enhance model skill. By judiciously comparing VPRM and ANN errors we thus overcome ANNs' notoriety for concealing the mechanisms underlying their predictive skills. We demonstrate their ability to identify outstanding ecosystem science knowledge gaps and particularly fruitful corresponding model development directions, improving site specific and up‐scaling flux modeling and understanding of the climate impacts of the northern forest.