bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameter Inference for Computational Cognitive Models with Approximate Bayesian Computation
Authors: Kangasrääsiö Antti , Jokinen Jussi P. P. , Oulasvirta Antti , Howes Andrew , Kaski Samuel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses a common challenge with computational cognitive models: identifying parameter values that are both theoretically plausible and generate predictions that match well with empirical data. While computational models can offer deep explanations of cognition, they are computationally complex and often out of reach of traditional parameter fitting methods. Weak methodology may lead to premature rejection of valid models or to acceptance of models that might otherwise be falsified. Mathematically robust fitting methods are, therefore, essential to the progress of computational modeling in cognitive science. In this article, we investigate the capability and role of modern fitting methods—including Bayesian optimization and approximate Bayesian computation—and contrast them to some more commonly used methods: grid search and Nelder–Mead optimization. Our investigation consists of a reanalysis of the fitting of two previous computational models: an Adaptive Control of Thought—Rational model of skill acquisition and a computational rationality model of visual search. The results contrast the efficiency and informativeness of the methods. A key advantage of the Bayesian methods is the ability to estimate the uncertainty of fitted parameter values. We conclude that approximate Bayesian computation is (a) efficient, (b) informative, and (c) offers a path to reproducible results.
Candida infections in solid organ transplantation: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Aslam Saima , Rotstein Coleman ,   the AST Infectious Disease Community of Practice
Published: June 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice provide recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Candida infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Candida infections manifest primarily as candidemia and invasive candidiasis and cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment are necessary to reduce mortality. For both candidemia and invasive candidiasis, an echinocandin is recommended for initial therapy. However, early transition to oral therapy is encouraged when patients are stable and the organism is susceptible. Candida prophylaxis should be targeted for high‐risk patients in liver, small bowel, and pancreas transplant recipients. Future research should address which patient groups may benefit most from preventative antifungal therapy strategies.
Hypergranulotic dyscornification: 30 cases of a striking epithelial reaction pattern
Authors: Roy Simon F. , Ko Christine J. , Moeckel Gilbert W. , Mcniff Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypergranulotic dyscornification (HD) is a rarely reported histological reaction pattern that may be observed in solitary benign keratoses.Objective and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all cases described as displaying “hypergranulotic dyscornification” at our institution between January 1st 1990 to September 1st 2018. We excluded cases that on retrospective review displayed changes of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. We conducted electron microscopy (EM) of two lesions.ResultsThirty cases were identified in our search. Eleven patients were men and 19 were women. Their mean age was 56.9 ± 21.2 years. In contrast to previous reports, we found that HD does not spare the head and neck area. Frequent clinical impressions were inflamed seborrheic keratosis, Bowen disease or inflamed verruca. The most distinctive histopathologic finding was the presence of a prominent granular layer with clumped perinuclear keratohyaline granules. Some cases had mounds of rounded, anucleate glassy eosinophilic corneocytes in the stratum corneum. We observed one case of incidental HD occurring in an epidermoid cyst. EM of HD showed dense perinuclear bands which appeared to match areas of positive staining by keratin immunohistochemistry, without evidence of pale cytoplasmic areas devoid of keratin filaments, characteristic of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis.ConclusionHD is a reproducible finding in some benign keratoses, probably because of abnormal keratinization. Awareness of this unique reaction pattern will help prevent misdiagnosis.
Gender‐Based Differential Prediction by Curriculum Samples for College Admissions
Authors: Niessen A. Susan M. , Meijer Rob R. , Tendeiro Jorge N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA longstanding concern about admissions to higher education is the underprediction of female academic performance by admission test scores. One explanation for these findings is selection system bias, that is, not all relevant KSAOs that are related to academic performance and gender are included in the prediction model. One solution to this problem is to include these omitted KSAOs in the prediction model, many of these KSAOs are 'noncognitive' and “hard‐to‐measure” skills in a high‐stakes context. An alternative approach to capture relevant KSAOs is using representative performance samples. We examined differential prediction of first year‐ and third year academic performance by gender based on a curriculum‐sampling test that was designed as a small‐scale simulation of later college performance. In addition, we examined differential prediction using both frequentist and Bayesian analyses. Our results showed no differential prediction or small female underprediction when using the curriculum‐sampling tests to predict first year GPA, and no differential prediction for predicting third year GPA. In addition, our results suggest that more comprehensive curriculum samples may show less differential prediction. We conclude that curriculum sampling may offer a practically feasible method that yields minimal differential prediction by gender in high‐stakes operational selection settings.
Foreign direct investment flows to Mexican states: A study of the automobile industry, 2004–2014
Authors: Tuman John P. , Erlingsson Hafthor 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examines the subnational flow in foreign direct investment (FDI) to Mexican states, with a focus on the finished vehicle industry. Although prior studies have examined subnational FDI in Mexico, research on the automobile sector has been scant. Utilizing a framework associated with the theory of asset specificity, we examine the influence of human capital and labor conditions, infrastructure, subnational policies, and security. The study employs a data set on finished vehicle FDI across 31 states and the Federal district for the period of 2004–2014. We adopt a two‐part model. The first part, which includes all states and the Federal district, is estimated with pooled logistic and Firth logistic regressions. In the second part, we examine variation in levels of FDI among states selected for investment with pooled ordinary least squares with panel‐corrected and Driscoll Kraay standard errors. Labor conditions are significant for both state selection and levels of FDI, but education is influential only in the selection stage. In addition, states with trunk rail lines linked to the U.S. border are more likely to be selected and receive higher FDI. After controlling for these influences, murder and homicide rates, and state development have no significant effects.
Photographs of young generations on the Dutch labour market
Authors: BEKKER Sonja , POP Ioana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the light of the decline of “standard” employment relationships in many countries and its particular effect on young people, this article provides a detailed analysis of the labour market trajectories of early‐career workers in the Netherlands between 1985 and 2014, adopting the approach of the sequence analysis of life‐course events. Using two indicators for instability (entropy and turbulence), the authors find that cohorts that entered the labour market after 2000, and particularly in 2008, experience greater employment status instability despite the flexicurity policies applied. Transitions into stable employment are the exception rather than the rule.
Estimating Mann–Whitney‐type Causal Effects
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Ma Shujie , Shen Changyu , Liu Chunling 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMann–Whitney‐type causal effects are generally applicable to outcome variables with a natural ordering, have been recommended for clinical trials because of their clinical relevance and interpretability and are particularly useful in analysing an ordinal composite outcome that combines an original primary outcome with death and possibly treatment discontinuation. In this article, we consider robust and efficient estimation of such causal effects in observational studies and clinical trials. For observational studies, we propose and compare several estimators: regression estimators based on an outcome regression (OR) model or a generalised probabilistic index (GPI) model, an inverse probability weighted estimator based on a propensity score model and two doubly robust (DR), locally efficient estimators. One of the DR estimators involves a propensity score model and an OR model, is consistent and asymptotically normal under the union of the two models and attains the semiparametric information bound when both models are correct. The other DR estimator has the same properties with the OR model replaced by a GPI model. For clinical trials, we extend an existing augmented estimator based on a GPI model and propose a new one based on an OR model. The methods are evaluated and compared in simulation experiments and applied to a clinical trial in cardiology and an observational study in obstetrics.
A test of positive and negative extended intergroup contact in a Chinese minority with perceived group norms and intergroup anxiety as mediators
Authors: Wang Changcheng , Huang Fei , Vezzali Loris 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article is aimed to examine the effect of Uyghur's (minority group) positive and negative extended contact with Han (majority group) within the background of China. One affective (intergroup anxiety) and two cognitive (perceived in‐group and out‐group norms) variables were tested as potential mediators. A sample of 875 Uyghur minority college students ranging in age from 17 to 25 years completed self‐reported measures of direct contact, positive and negative extended contact, intergroup anxiety, perceptions of in‐group and out‐group norms, out‐group attitudes, and contact intentions. Results revealed that both positive and negative extended contact were associated with out‐group attitudes and contact intentions, over and above the effect of direct contact. The effects of both forms of extended contact were mediated by intergroup anxiety, perceived in‐group, and out‐group norms. Notably, positive extended contact exerted larger effects than negative extended contact. This research highlights the significance of considering both positive and negative extended contact and the potential of extended contact as a means to ameliorate intergroup relations from the perspective of minority groups.
Comparing Academic Readiness Requirements for Different Postsecondary Pathways: What Admissions Tests Tell Us
Authors: Steedle Jeffrey T. , Radunzel Justine , Mattern Krista D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnsuring postsecondary readiness is a goal of K‐12 education, but it is unclear whether high school students should get different messages about the required levels of academic preparation depending on their postsecondary trajectories. This study estimated readiness benchmark scores on a college admissions test predictive of earning good grades in majors associated with middle‐skills occupations at 2‐year postsecondary institutions. Results generally indicated similarity between those scores, the corresponding scores for students preparing for high‐skills jobs requiring a bachelor's degree, and established readiness benchmarks for the general college‐going population. Subsequent analyses revealed small variation between readiness benchmarks for different college majors. Overall, results suggest that high school graduates need a strong academic foundation regardless of the postsecondary path they choose.
Item Response Models for Multiple Attempts With Incomplete Data
Authors: Bergner Yoav , Choi Ikkyu , Castellano Katherine E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAllowance for multiple chances to answer constructed response questions is a prevalent feature in computer‐based homework and exams. We consider the use of item response theory in the estimation of item characteristics and student ability when multiple attempts are allowed but no explicit penalty is deducted for extra tries. This is common practice in online formative assessments, where the number of attempts is often unlimited. In these environments, some students may not always answer‐until‐correct, but may rather terminate a response process after one or more incorrect tries. We contrast the cases of graded and sequential item response models, both unidimensional models which do not explicitly account for factors other than ability. These approaches differ not only in terms of log‐odds assumptions but, importantly, in terms of handling incomplete data. We explore the consequences of model misspecification through a simulation study and with four online homework data sets. Our results suggest that model selection is insensitive for complete data, but quite sensitive to whether missing responses are regarded as informative (of inability) or not (e.g., missing at random). Under realistic conditions, a sequential model with similar parametric degrees of freedom to a graded model can account for more response patterns and outperforms the latter in terms of model fit.
Circulating insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 and risk of gastrointestinal malignant tumors
Authors: Adachi Yasushi , Nojima Masanori , Mori Mitsuru , Kubo Toshiyuki , Yamano Hiro‐o , Lin Yingsong , Wakai Kenji , Tamakoshi Akiko ,   for JACC Study
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimInsulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1) is a potent mitogen and is inhibited by IGF‐binding protein‐3 (IGFBP3). High serum IGF1 and low IGFBP3 are associated with increased risk of several carcinomas. Here, we assessed the relationship of these peptides with the risk of gastrointestinal malignancies, in a prospective case–control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.MethodsThe analysis involved 916 cases who had been diagnosed as gastrointestinal malignancies (C15–25) and 2306 controls. To estimate odds ratios for incidence of malignancies associated with these levels, a conditional logistic model was used.ResultsBoth higher total and free IGFBP3 were associated with a decreased risk of tumor (P for trend < 0.001 and = 0.003, respectively). People in the second to fifth quintiles had lower risk compared to the first quintile (odds ratios ranged 0.532–0.650 and 0.582–0.725, respectively). After adjustment for IGF1, body mass index, drinking, and smoking, total IGFBP3 was inversely correlated with cancer risk (P for trend = 0.031). After adjustment, free IGFBP3 was inversely associated with the risk (P for trend = 0.007). Although total IGF1 was inversely correlated with tumor risk, it was not after controlling for IGFBP3 (P for trend = 0.007 and 0.589, respectively). Free IGF1 was not associated with the risk (P for trend = 0.361). Limiting subjects to those followed for over 3 years reinforced the inverted relationships of total and free IGFBP3 with risk for tumors (P for trend = 0.005 and 0.008, respectively).ConclusionBoth total and free IGFBP3 may be inversely associated with the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies.
Electronic and paper mode of data capture when assessing patient‐reported outcomes in the National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network
Authors: Kopycka‐Kedzierawski Dorota T. , Cacciato Rita , Hennessey Roslyn , Meyerowitz Cyril , Litaker Mark S. , Heft Marc W. , Johnson Kimberly S. , Reyes Stephanie C. , Johnson James D. , Baltuck Camille T. , Gilbert Gregg H. ,   National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimOur objectives were to describe the approach used in the National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network to capture patient‐reported outcomes and to compare electronic and paper modes of data capture in a specific network study.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter cohort study of 1862 patients with dentin hypersensitivity. Patient‐reported outcomes were assessed based on patients’ perception of pain using Visual Analog Scales and Labeled Magnitude scales at baseline and at 1, 4 and 8 weeks post‐baseline.ResultsEighty‐five percent of study patients chose to complete follow‐up assessments via an electronic mode; 15% completed them via a paper mode. There was not a significant difference in the proportions of patients who completed the 8‐week assessment when comparing the electronic mode to the paper mode (92% vs. 90.8%, P = 0.31, Rao‐Scott clustered χ2‐test).ConclusionThe electronic mode of data capture was as operational as the traditional paper mode, while also providing the advantage of eliminating data entry errors, not involving site research coordinators in measuring the patient‐reported outcomes, and not incurring cost and potential delays due to mailing study forms. Electronic data capture of patient reported outcomes could be successfully implemented in the community dental practice setting.
Comparative morphology and scaling of the femur in yangochiropteran bats
Authors: Louzada Nathália Siqueira Veríssimo , Nogueira Marcelo Rodrigues , Pessôa Leila Maria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBetter known by their remarkable forelimb morphology, bats are also unique among mammals with respect to their hindlimbs. Their legs are rotated through 180°, generally reduced in size, and in some extant taxa particular bones (e.g. fibula) can even be absent. The femur is the main leg bone, but to date few bat studies have considered its morphology in detail, none in a wide‐scale comparative study. Yangochiroptera is the largest bat taxon, spans nearly three orders of magnitude in body mass, and is highly diverse both in ecology and behavior, representing a good model for comparative analyses. Here, we describe the anatomy of the femur in a large sample of yangochiropteran bats (125 species, 70 genera, and 12 families), and explore major trends of morphological variation and scaling patterns in this bone. We used 13 categorical characters in the anatomical description and five linear dimensions in the quantitative analyses. Based on the categorical data, each family studied here was diagnosed, and those from the Neotropical region were included in an identification key. From the phylogenetic principal component analysis (pPCA) we showed that, in addition to size, major axes of variation in bat femur are related to robusticity and head morphology, features that are clearly distinct among some families. We also generated a phylomorphospace based on pPCA scores, highlighting convergences in femur shape. Molossidae, Mystacinidae, and Desmodontinae were grouped based on their greater robusticity, a pattern that was also recovered from categorical data. In these families, we found anatomical features (e.g. presence of tubercles and posterior ridges on the greater trochanter, long or medially/distally displaced lateral ridges on the shaft) that are well‐known from their functional link with quadrupedal locomotion. Using phylogenetic regressions, we found out that compared with body mass, femur length scaled with negative allometry, as expected, but that femur width scaled isometrically, counter to expectations. As a result, robusticity index (the ratio of width to length), scaled with positive allometry – larger bats tended to have more robust hindlimbs. At species level, our most remarkable finding was related to Myotis simus, which presented the most robust femur (for its size) among yangochiropterans. Our results reinforce the informative potential of the chiropteran femur from both taxonomic and functional perspectives. Furthermore, the allometric trends seen in this bone may help understand the strategies adopted by flying vertebrates to deal with the high energetic cost of flight and, at the same time, evolve diversified foraging behaviors.
The optimal cleansing method for the removal of sunscreen:Water, cleanser or cleansing oil?
Authors: Chen Wei , He Mei , Xie Li , Li Li 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the cleaning efficacy of sunscreen with or without water‐resistant performance by water, or a foaming cleanser or a cleansing oil.MethodsPhotos of 20 participants were taken by VISIA prior and subsequent to application of the sunscreen as a negative control and a positive control, respectively. Volunteers were instructed to wash off sunscreen with water only, the cleanser or the cleansing oil and photos were taken by VISIA again after face washing. Assessment of the cleansing efficacy was conducted by Photoshop CS6 and volunteer‐reported outcomes.ResultsFor the non‐waterproof sunscreen, the residue rate of water, cleanser, and cleansing oil group were 54.0% ± 19.2%, 15.6% ± 6.1%, 13.4% ± 4.6%, respectively. No significant difference was found between the cleanser group and the negative control group (9.9% ± 4.8%) or between the cleansing oil group and the negative control group. For the waterproof sunscreen, the residue rate of water, cleanser, and cleansing oil group were 59.3% ± 10.4%, 36.8% ± 8.8%, 5.8% ± 3.3%, respectively. No significant difference was found between cleansing oil group and the negative control group (3.2% ± 2.2%).For adverse events, eight participants in cleanser group and one participant in cleansing oil group reported dry skin after face washing.ConclusionThe non‐waterproof sunscreen may be washed off by the cleanser or cleansing oil and the waterproof sunscreen by the cleansing oil. Moreover, the cleansing oil may cause less skin irritation and dryness compared with the cleanser. Future studies are needed to investigate other types of sunscreens and washing products.
Effect of four sessions of aerobic exercise with abdominal radiofrequency in adipose tissue in healthy women: Randomized control trial
Authors: Vale Ana Luísa , Pereira Ana Sofia , Morais Andreia , de Carvalho Paulo , Vilarinho Rui , Mendonça Adriana , Noites Andreia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal adiposity is a cardiovascular risk factor; it is assumed that the combination of radiofrequency and physical exercise may decrease this excess of adipose tissue.PurposeTo analyze the effect of four intervention sessions on abdominal adipose tissue.MethodologyThe study analyzes the effect of four sessions of aerobic exercise combined with radiofrequency. Participants were 28 healthy female volunteers, aged 18‐28 years, randomly assigned to an experimental group and a placebo group. They were characterized by a sociodemographic questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire. The groups performed four sessions of abdominal radiofrequency followed by moderate aerobic exercise, assessing body mass, body mass index, fat mass, waist circumference, waist/height ratio, subcutaneous adipose thickness, and horizontal abdominal adipose fold at the first and fourth sessions. In the experimental group, a percentage of potency was used that allowed to maintain the temperature between 40°C and 42°C to the epidermis. In the placebo group, the power of the radiofrequency was 0 W. To compare results, Student's t test was used for a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease in waist circumference, abdominal subcutaneous adipose thickness, and horizontal abdominal fold in the experimental group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05).ConclusionCombined exercise intervention with radiofrequency has been shown to be effective in reducing abdominal adiposity.