bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different maintenance time of torque application on detorque values of abutment screws in full‐arch implant‐supported fixed prostheses
Authors: Al‐Otaibi Hanan Nejer , AL‐Fouzan Afnan F. , Al‐Mufleh Tamadher S. , Labban Nawaf 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of different maintenance time of torque application and screw loosening in full‐arch implant‐supported prosthesis remains uninvestigated.PurposeTo examine the effect of different maintenance time of torque application on detorque values of implant abutment screw in full‐arch implant‐supported fixed complete denture.Materials and methodsPassively fitting framework supported by four implants stabilized on resin model torqued to 35 N‐cm and maintained for different times; instant torque application (protocol A), 10 seconds (protocol B), and 30 seconds (protocol C) were used. Detorque values were recorded during removal of the screws. Comparison between mean torque and detorque values were made using paired sample t‐test. The mean removal torque values of each protocol were compared using three‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsThe mean removal torque values were lower than the applied torque for all the protocols. The highest mean removal torque value was found in the immediate protocol (A) (24.44 ± 1.7), followed by the 30 seconds protocol (C) (23.37 ± 1.75), and then by the 10 seconds protocol (B) (23.35 ± 1.6). All these differences were found to be statistically significant between torque and detorque values (P = .001). However, the differences among detorque values were not statistically significant (P > .05).ConclusionThe application of 35 N‐cm for different maintenance time of torque application on implant abutment screw did not appear to affect the detorque value in a multiple implant‐supported fixed prosthesis. Maintaining the torque for prolonged time (10 seconds or 30 seconds) was not significantly associated with higher preload than instant torque application in full‐arch implant‐supported prosthesis.
Modelling opportunity: An examination of quadratic effects of adolescent Venezuelan substance use
Authors: Croff Julie M. , Washburn Isaac J. , Cox Ronald B. , Liu Chao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsNumerous studies have found a linear relationship between an exposure opportunity and age of first drug use. This study further tests this relationship by exploring whether a quadratic exposure opportunity best fits the data on age of first use and whether gender moderates this relationship. That is, is there a peak age in which the transition to use occurs for male compared to female adolescents?Design and MethodsA sample of 1716 adolescents from 14 public and private schools, representative of two school districts in Caracas, Venezuela, was examined using a zero‐inflated Poisson modelling approach to test for quadratic effects. A series of models were tested for each set of substances (alcohol, tobacco and other drugs) to assess whether a quadratic model has better predictive ability than linear models and to test whether gender moderates the quadratic relationship.ResultsAfter controlling for common covariates, the quadratic models for alcohol indicated the peak age of transition from an exposure opportunity to use was 10‐years of age in this Venezuelan sample. Gender did not moderate these models suggesting an important move toward gender equality in substance use.Discussion and ConclusionsFocused efforts on preventing exposure to alcohol use during these windows of rapid transition is likely to have the greatest impact on delaying age of onset, which will reduce the overall prevalence of alcohol related problems among adolescents.
Knowledge and behaviours related to oral health among underserved older adults
Authors: Shedlin Michele G. , Birdsall Stacia B. , Northridge Mary E. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the mouth and body knowledge, beliefs and behaviours of Dominican, Puerto Rican and African American older adults, and their relationships to oral and general health and health care.BackgroundIn his seminal framework, Handwerker posited that the norms, attitudes and behaviours related to the experience of disease and treatment reflect where patients live and have lived and are seeking and have sought care, along with their webs of social and health relations. This framework guides the analysis for the present study, wherein qualitative data are used to understand mouth and body knowledge, beliefs and behaviours among racial/ethnic minority older adults, ie, why individuals do what they do and what it means to them.Materials and methodsFocus groups were conducted in Spanish or English with 194 racial/ethnic minority older adults living in northern Manhattan who participated in one of 24 focus group sessions about improving oral health. All groups were digitally audio‐recorded, transcribed and translated into English from Spanish, where apt. Analysis involved the classification of evidence from all datasets, organised to identify patterns and relationships.ResultsFour themes were manifest in the data regarding cultural understandings of the mouth, the body and health: (a) the ageing mouth and its components; (b) the mouth in relation to the body, health and disease; (c) social meanings of the mouth; and (d) care of the ageing mouth.ConclusionUnderserved older adults from diverse cultural backgrounds understand the importance of their mouths to both their overall health and social lives.
Short‐medium‐long‐term efficacy of interdisciplinary intervention against overweight and obesity: Randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Fernández‐Ruiz Virginia E. , Armero‐Barranco David , Paniagua‐Urbano José Antonio , Sole‐Agusti Maria , Ruiz‐Sánchez Alfonso , Gómez‐Marín José 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of a nurse‐led interdisciplinary programme based on healthy eating, physical exercise, and cognitive behavioural therapy applied to anthropometric and cardiovascular measures, which are related to obesity in short, medium, and long term.MethodsWe conducted a randomised controlled clinical trial with 74 obese and overweight participants (experimental group, n = 37; control group, n = 37). An interdisciplinary programme of 12 months was applied and coordinated by a nurse. Anthropometric and cardiovascular measures were taken at the pretest stage, every 6 months during the programme, and 1 year after it finished.ResultsA beneficial effect was found regarding all anthropometric parameters. Tests for weight (F3;207 = 93.27; P < .001) and body mass index (F3;207 = 89.95; P < .001) indicate efficacy of intervention: The experimental group had a weight loss of 7.2 kg (−8.3%) compared to a 0.9 kg (+1.0%) gained in the control group. Systolic (F3;207 = 37.06; P < .001) and diastolic (F3;216 = 57.31; P < .001) blood pressure improved greatly in the experimental group. Forced vital capacity was also increased (F2;138 = 15.51; P < .001).ConclusionThe interdisciplinary programme coordinated by nurses improved the health of participants, maintaining long‐term effects.
Cortisol reactivity and weight gain among adolescents who vary in prenatal drug exposure
Authors: Armstrong B. , Buckingham‐Howes S. , Black M. M. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectiveLow inhibitory control is linked with weight gain among youth. Inhibitory problems are associated with disruption to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis cortisol response. Increased cortisol predicts appetite and weight gain (though may be gender specific). This study hypothesized that cortisol reactivity explains the association between inhibition and weight gain while considering the moderating factors of early stressors to the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (e.g. prenatal‐drug exposure) and gender.MethodsAdolescents with prenatal‐drug exposure (n = 76) and non‐exposed comparison adolescents (NE; n = 61) completed the Conner's Continuous Performance Test and provided salivary cortisol samples. BMI z‐score were measured at the initial and 12‐month follow‐up evaluations. A bootstrapped moderated mediation analysis was conducted to test for conditional indirect effects of cortisol reactivity.ResultsLower inhibition was associated with increased cortisol reactivity among youth who were NE, and increased cortisol reactivity was associated with weight gain among girls. Cortisol reactivity mediated the relation between inhibition and BMI z‐score change for the girls in the group who was NE.ConclusionIncreased cortisol reactivity may play a mechanistic role in predicting weight gain among non‐prenatally drug‐exposed girls. Cortisol reactivity may be a biomarker for targeted interventions to improve biological regulation and ultimately health risk among girls.
The fear of needles: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McLenon Jennifer , Rogers Mary A.M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of needle fear and summarize the characteristics of individuals who exhibit this fear.BackgroundInjections are among the most common medical procedures, yet fear of needles can result in avoidance of preventive measures and treatment.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesMEDLINE (1966–2017), Embase (1947–2017), PsycINFO (1967–2017), and CINAHL (1961–2017) were searched, with no restrictions by age, gender, race, language, or country.Review MethodsThe prevalence of needle fear was calculated and restricted maximum likelihood random effects models were used for meta‐analysis and meta‐regression.ResultsThe search yielded 119 original research articles which are included in this review, of which 35 contained sufficient information for meta‐analysis. The majority of children exhibited needle fear, while prevalence estimates for needle fear ranged from 20‐50% in adolescents and 20–30% in young adults. In general, needle fear decreased with increasing age. Both needle fear and needle phobia were more prevalent in females than males. Avoidance of influenza vaccination because of needle fear occurred in 16% of adult patients, 27% of hospital employees, 18% of workers at long‐term care facilities, and 8% of healthcare workers at hospitals. Needle fear was common when undergoing venipuncture, blood donation, and in those with chronic conditions requiring injection.ConclusionsFear of needles is common in patients requiring preventive care and in those undergoing treatment. Greater attention should be directed to interventions which alleviate fear in high‐risk groups.
A simple method to estimate the thermal diffusivity of foods
Authors: Mari João , Mari Marcus , Ferreira Maykon , Conceição Wagner , Andrade Cid 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis work shows an alternative method to determine the thermal diffusivity of wheat flour and cassava, by means of experiments. It was considered as a model for analysis a semi‐infinite solid, represented by an aluminum container filled with flour, an incandescent lamp as a heat source and thermocouple sensors for acquisition of electronic temperature signal. From the moment in which the temperature on the upper surface of flour remained constant, the data were acquired at a predefined time interval, which allowed obtaining the thermal diffusivity. To evaluate the results achieved from the experiments, it was carried out a simulation in Partial Differential Equation Toolbox of Matlab R2015a, in order to compare the temperature distributions within the solid. It was verified that the values showed by simulation are satisfactorily close to the experimental values.Practical applicationsSome information about physical properties of foods usually are not available, therefore, a simple method to estimate the thermal diffusivity could be useful, once it influences the quality control of foods. Thus, the findings of this study may facilitate the food industry, assisting the design, and simulation of process, such as heating, cooling, freezing, defrosting, frying, and storage.
Effect of a prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture (B‐GOS®) on gastrointestinal symptoms in adults selected from a general population who suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, or flatulence
Authors: Vulevic Jelena , Tzortzis George , Juric Aleksandra , Gibson Glenn R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrebiotics exert beneficial effects upon gastrointestinal (GI) environment, but this is not always accompanied with a positive effect on GI symptoms. B‐GOS® is a prebiotic with high selectivity toward bifidobacteria and a variety of other beneficial effects in humans. Here, we investigated its effect on GI symptoms in adults who suffer with bloating, abdominal pain, and flatulence.MethodsIn a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study, 83 subjects from the general population who presented with GI symptoms during screening period and had a predicted probability of functional bowel disorder of more than 75% were randomized to receive either a placebo or the B‐GOS® treatment (2.75 g/d). Subjects were screened for the presence of GI symptoms for 1 week, they consumed the treatments for 2 weeks, and then went through a 2‐week washout period, before switching to the other treatment for the final 2 weeks. GI symptoms, bowel movements, and stool consistency were assessed in daily and weekly questionnaires. Quality of life was assessed weekly and depression and anxiety at the end of each treatment period.ResultsB‐GOS® resulted in significantly (P < 0.001) lower scores for bloating, flatulence, and abdominal pain both from baseline and placebo at the end of first week. The effect was sustained at the end of second week. It had no effect on the number of bowel movements, consistency of stools, quality of life, or mood throughout the study.ConclusionResults suggest that B‐GOS® could possibly be used in the management of bloating, flatulence, or abdominal pain and warrant further investigation.
Exploring pyloric dynamics in stenting using a distensibility technique
Authors: Arroyo Vázquez Jorge Alberto , Bergström Maria , Bligh Stephen , McMahon Barry P. , Park Per‐Ola 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPerforated duodenal ulcers can be treated with a covered stent. Stent migration is a severe complication, sometimes requiring surgery. Pyloric physiology during stent treatment has not been studied and mechanisms for migration are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the pyloric response to distention, mimicking stent treatment, using the EndoFLIP.MethodsA nonsurvival study in five pigs was carried out, followed by a pilot study in one volunteer. Animals were gastroscoped during anaesthesia and the EndoFLIP was placed straddling the pylorus. Baseline distensibility readings were performed at stepwise balloon distentions to 20, 30, 40, and 50 mL, measuring pyloric cross‐sectional area and pressure. Measurements were repeated after administration of a prokinetic drug and after a liquid meal. In the human study, readings were performed in conscious sedation at baseline and after stimulation with metoclopramide.Key ResultsDuring baseline readings, the pylorus was shown to open more with increasing distention together with higher amplitude motility waves. Reaching maximum distention‐volume (50 mL), pyloric pressure increased significantly (P = 0.016), and motility waves disappeared. After prokinetic stimulation, the pressure decreased and the motility waves increased in frequency and amplitude. After food stimulation, the pressure stayed low and the motility showed increase in amplitude. During both tests, the pylorus showed higher pressure and lack of motility waves at maximum probe distention.Conclusions and InferencesThe pylorus seems to act as a sphincter at low distention but when further dilated starts acting as a pump. Fully distended the pyloric motility disappears and the pressure remains high, suggesting that a stent with high‐radial force might show less migration.
Corneal collagen cross‐linking following superficial keratectomy as treatment for corneal endothelial cell dystrophy in dogs: Preliminary clinical study
Authors: Kim Jury , Ji Dong‐Beom , Takiyama Naoaki , Bae Jaehyun , Kim Min‐Su 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the outcome of corneal collagen cross‐linking (CXL) combined with superficial keratectomy (SK) as treatment for corneal edema due to corneal endothelial dystrophy (CED) in dogs.Animals studiedFour eyes of four dogs (3 Shih Tzus and 1 English Cocker Spaniel) with corneal edema due to CED were treated with SK and CXL. Two were males, and two were females.ProcedureDepending on corneal thickness, 500‐700 μm of edematous cornea was removed by SK. Next, CXL was performed by irradiating the cornea with UVA (365 nm) at 3 mW/cm² irradiance for 30 min after soaking with 0.1% riboflavin in 20% dextran every three minutes for 30 minutes. One drop of riboflavin was instilled every three minutes during irradiation. Slit lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography were used to examine the cornea during the follow‐up period.ResultsThe corneas had focal to diffuse edema, and the average corneal thickness was 1553 (1282‐1900) μm. All corneas showed a significantly reduced corneal thickness and regained marked transparency immediately after treatment; however, the opacity increased as the corneal thickness increased during the follow‐up period. Corneal vascularization (n = 4) disappeared within a month. Corneal pigmentation (n = 1) and bullae (n = 1) were observed. All cases showed marked reduction in corneal thickness; however, transparency was improved in only one case.ConclusionCollagen cross‐linking with SK has the potential to reduce the corneal thickness in CED cases; however, a lasting clinically significant improvement of corneal transparency seems unlikely. As the added benefit of CXL to the SK procedure is unclear based on the results of this study, combined treatment of CXL and SK for the treatment of corneal edema caused by CED is currently not recommended in dogs.
Activity of near-response cells during disconjugate saccades in strabismic monkeys
Authors: Pallus Adam , Walton Mark M. G. , Mustari Michael 
Published: August 2018

Infantile strabismus is a common disorder characterized by a chronic misalignment of the eyes, impairment of binocular vision, and oculomotor abnormalities. Nonhuman primates with strabismus, induced in infancy, show a pattern of abnormalities similar to those of strabismic children. This allows strabismic nonhuman primates to serve as an ideal animal model to examine neural mechanisms associated with aberrant oculomotor behavior. Here, we test the hypothesis that impairment of disparity vergence and horizontal saccade disconjugacy in exotropia and esotropia are associated with disrupted tuning of near- and far-response neurons in the supraoculomotor area (SOA). In normal animals, these neurons carry signals related to vergence position and/or velocity. We hypothesized that, in strabismus, these neurons modulate inappropriately in association with saccades between equidistant targets. We recorded from 62 SOA neurons from 4 strabismic animals (2 esotropes and 2 exotropes) during visually guided saccades to a target that stepped to different locations on a tangent screen. Under these same conditions, SOA neurons in normal animals show no detectable modulation. In our strabismic subjects, we found that a subset of SOA neurons carry weak vergence velocity signals during saccades. In addition, a subset of SOA neurons showed clear modulation associated with slow fluctuations of horizontal strabismus angle in the absence of a saccade. We suggest that abnormal SOA activity contributes to fixation instability but plays only a minor role in the horizontal disconjugacy of saccades that do not switch fixation from one eye to the other. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study is the first to investigate the activity of neurons in the supraoculomotor area (SOA) during horizontally disconjugate saccades in a nonhuman primate model of infantile strabismus. We report that fluctuations of horizontal strabismus angle, during fixation of static targets on a tangent screen, are associated with contextually inappropriate modulation of SOA activity. However, firing rate modulation during saccades is too weak to make a major contribution to horizontal disconjugacy.
Rapid homeostatic downregulation of LTP by extrasynaptic GluN2B receptors
Authors: Delgado Jary Y. , Fink Ann E. , Grant Seth G. N. , O'Dell Thomas J. , Opazo Patricio 
Published: August 2018

Although the activation of extrasynaptic GluN2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease, their physiological function remains unknown. In this study, we found that extrasynaptic GluN2B receptors play a homeostatic role by antagonizing long-term potentiation (LTP) induction under conditions of prolonged synaptic stimulation. In particular, we have previously found that brief theta-pulse stimulation (5 Hz for 30 s) triggers robust LTP, whereas longer stimulation times (5 Hz for 3 min) have no effect on basal synaptic transmission in the hippocampal CA1 region. Here, we show that prolonged stimulation blocked LTP by activating extrasynaptic GluN2B receptors via glutamate spillover. In addition, we found that this homeostatic mechanism was absent in slices from the SAP102 knockout, providing evidence for a functional coupling between extrasynaptic GluN2B and the SAP102 scaffold protein. In conclusion, we uncovered a rapid homeostatic mechanism that antagonizes LTP induction via the activation of extrasynaptic GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although long-term potentiation (LTP) is an attractive model for memory storage, it tends to destabilize neuronal circuits because it drives synapses toward a maximum value. Unless opposed by homeostatic mechanisms operating through negative feedback rules, cumulative LTP could render synapses unable to encode additional information. In this study, we uncovered a rapid homeostatic mechanism that antagonizes LTP induction under conditions of prolonged synaptic stimulation via the activation of an extrasynaptic GluN2B-SAP102 complex.