bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Limb Assistive Device Design Optimization Using Musculoskeletal Modeling:A Review
Authors: Grabke Emerson Paul , Masani Kei , Andrysek Jan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Many individuals with lower limb amputations or neuromuscular impairments face mobility challenges attributable to suboptimal assistive device design. Forward dynamic modeling and simulation of human walking using conventional biomechanical gait models offer an alternative to intuition-based assistive device design, providing insight into the biomechanics underlying pathological gait. Musculoskeletal models enable better understanding of prosthesis and/or exoskeleton contributions to the human musculoskeletal system, and device and user contributions to both body support and propulsion during gait. This paper reviews current literature that have used forward dynamic simulation of clinical population musculoskeletal models to perform assistive device design optimization using optimal control, optimal tracking, computed muscle control (CMC) and reflex-based control. Musculoskeletal model complexity and assumptions inhibit forward dynamic musculoskeletal modeling in its current state, hindering computational assistive device design optimization. Future recommendations include validating musculoskeletal models and resultant assistive device designs, developing less computationally expensive forward dynamic musculoskeletal modeling methods, and developing more efficient patient-specific musculoskeletal model generation methods to enable personalized assistive device optimization.
A Probabilistic Uncertainty Estimation Method for Turbulence Parameters Measured by Hot-Wire Anemometry in Short-Duration Wind Tunnels
Authors: Boufidi Elissavet , Lavagnoli Sergio , Fontaneto Fabrizio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A robust and complete uncertainty estimation method is developed to quantify the uncertainty of turbulence quantities measured by hot-wire anemometry (HWA) at the inlet of a short-duration turbine test rig. The uncertainty is categorized into two macro-uncertainty sources: the measurement-related uncertainty (the uncertainty of each instantaneous velocity sample) and the uncertainty stemming from the statistical treatment of the time series. The former is addressed by the implementation of a Monte Carlo (MC) method. The latter, which is directly related to the duration of the acquired signal, is estimated using the moving block bootstrap (MBB) method, a nonparametric resampling algorithm suitable for correlated time series. This methodology allows computing the confidence intervals of the spanwise distributions of mean velocity, turbulence intensity, length scales, and other statistical moments at the inlet of the turbine test section.
Primary health care performance: a scoping review of the current state of measurement in Africa
Authors: Bresick Graham , Christians Felicia , Makwero Martha , Besigye Innocent , Malope Sebaka , Dullie Luckson 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionCountries with strong primary healthcare (PHC) report better health outcomes, fewer hospital admissions and lower expenditure. People-centred care that delivers essential elements of primary care (PC) leads to improved health outcomes and reduced costs and disparities. Such outcomes underscore the need for validated instruments that measure the extent to which essential, evidence-based features of PC are available and applied to users; and to ensure quality care and provider accountability.MethodsA systematic scoping review method was used to identify peer-reviewed African studies and grey literature on PC performance measurement. The service delivery dimension in the Primary Healthcare Performance Initiative conceptual framework was used to identify key measurable components of PC.ResultsThe review identified 19 African studies and reports that address measuring elements of PC performance. 13 studies included eight nationally validated performance measuring instruments. Of the eight, the South African and Malawian versions of Primary Care Assessment Tool measured service delivery comprehensively and involved PC user, provider and manager stakeholders.Conclusion40 years after Alma Ata and despite strong evidence for people-centred care, significant gaps remain regarding use of validated instruments to measure PC performance in Africa; few validated instruments have been used. Agreement on indicators, fit-for-purpose validated instruments and harmonising existing instruments is needed. Rigorous performance-based research is necessary to inform policy, resource allocation, practice and health worker training; and to ensure access to high quality care in a universal health coverage (UHC) system—research with potential to promote socially responsive, accountable PHC in the true spirit of the Alma Ata and Astana Declarations.
Sedation versus general anaesthesia in endovascular therapy for anterior circulation acute ischaemic stroke: the multicentre randomised controlled AMETIS trial study protocol
Authors: Chabanne Russell , Fernandez-Canal Charlotte , Degos Vincent , Lukaszewicz Anne-Claire , Velly Lionel , Mrozek Segolene , Perrigault Pierre-François , Molliex Serge , Tavernier Benoit , Dahyot-Fizelier Claire , Verdonk Franck , Caumon Elodie , Masgrau Aurélie , Begard Marc , Chabert Emmanuel , Ferrier Anna , Jaber Samir , Bazin Jean-Etienne , Pereira Bruno , Futier Emmanuel 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionEndovascular thrombectomy is the standard of care for anterior circulation acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) secondary to emergent large vessel occlusion in patients who qualify. General anaesthesia (GA) or conscious sedation (CS) is usually required to ensure patient comfort and avoid agitation and movement during thrombectomy. However, the question of whether the use of GA or CS might influence functional outcome remains debated. Indeed, conflicting results exist between observational studies with better outcomes associated with CS and small monocentric randomised controlled trials favouring GA. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effect of CS versus GA on functional outcome and periprocedural complications in endovascular mechanical thrombectomy for anterior circulation AIS.Methods and analysisAnesthesia Management in Endovascular Therapy for Ischemic Stroke (AMETIS) trial is an investigator initiated, multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled, two-arm trial. AMETIS trial will randomise 270 patients with anterior circulation AIS in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by centre, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (≤15 or >15) and association of intravenous thrombolysis or not to receive either CS or GA. The primary outcome is a composite of functional independence at 3 months and absence of perioperative complication occurring by day 7 after endovascular therapy for anterior circulation AIS. Functional independence is defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 by day 90. Perioperative complications are defined as intervention-associated arterial perforation or dissection, pneumonia or myocardial infarction or cardiogenic acute pulmonary oedema or malignant stroke evolution occurring by day 7.Ethics and disseminationThe AMETIS trial was approved by an independent ethics committee. Study began in august 2017. Results will be published in an international peer-reviewed medical journal.Trial registration numberNCT03229148.
Zinc concentration in preterm newborns at term age, a prospective observational study
Authors: Vázquez-Gomis Rosmari , Bosch-Gimenez Vicente , Juste-Ruiz Mercedes , Vázquez-Gomis Consuelo , Izquierdo-Fos Ignacio , Pastor-Rosado José 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo determine zinc concentrations and associated factors in a population of preterm newborns at term age.DesignThis analytical, descriptive, observational and prospective study was conducted in the neonatal unit of a tertiary hospital. Preterm newborn between gestational weeks 24 and 34 were included in the study. The patients were recruited close to the date of birth. Their clinical histories were collected, and the serum zinc concentrations (SZCs) at gestational weeks 37–41 were measured. This study aimed to measure SZC in a population of preterm newborns at term age, and analyse the anthropometric, clinical and nutritional parameters associated with a decrease in SZC.ResultsOverall, 83 preterm subjects were evaluated, including 44 (53%) female infants and 39 (47%) male infants. The median period of gestation was 31 (IQ25–IQ75: 29–33) weeks, and the mean weight at birth was 1.523±0.535 kg. The median SZC at term was 4.4 (IQ25–IQ75: 2.6–6.9) µmol/L. There were some variables associated with zinc concentrations like bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), weight at birth, z-score of length at discharge, being small for gestational age and treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin, although the unique variable that was independent of the other variables in the multivariate analysis (p 0.01) was BPD. Preterm newborn with BPD had lower SZC at term age than those without (2.7 vs 4.9 µmol/L, p 0.005).ConclusionsZinc concentrations in this preterm population were low. BPD was significantly and negatively correlated with zinc concentrations.Clinical trial registrationNCT03532555.
On the Schrödinger spectrum of a hydrogen atom with electrostatic Bopp–Landé–Thomas–Podolsky interaction between electron and proton
Authors: Carley Holly K. , Kiessling Michael K.-H. , Perlick Volker 
Published: September 2019

The Schrödinger spectrum of a hydrogen atom, modeled as a two-body system consisting of a point electron and a point proton, changes when the usual Coulomb interaction between point particles is replaced with an interaction which results from a modification of Maxwell’s law of the electromagnetic vacuum. Empirical spectral data thereby impose bounds on the theoretical parameters involved in such modified vacuum laws. In the present paper the vacuum law proposed, in the 1940s, by Bopp, Landé–Thomas, and Podolsky (BLTP) is scrutinized in such a manner. The BLTP theory hypothesizes the existence of an electromagnetic length scale of nature — the Bopp length [Formula: see text] —, to the effect that the electrostatic pair interaction deviates significantly from Coulomb’s law only for distances much shorter than [Formula: see text]. Rigorous lower and upper bounds are constructed for the Schrödinger energy levels of the hydrogen atom, [Formula: see text], for all [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The energy levels [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are also computed numerically and plotted versus [Formula: see text]. It is found that the BLTP theory predicts a nonrelativistic correction to the splitting of the Lyman-[Formula: see text] line in addition to its well-known relativistic fine-structure splitting. Under the assumption that this splitting does not go away in a relativistic calculation, it is argued that present-day precision measurements of the Lyman-[Formula: see text] line suggest that [Formula: see text] must be smaller than [Formula: see text]. Finite proton size effects are found not to modify this conclusion. As a consequence, the electrostatic field energy of an elementary point charge, although finite in BLTP electrodynamics, is much larger than the empirical rest mass ([Formula: see text]) of an electron. If, as assumed in all “renormalized theories” of the electron, the empirical rest mass of a physical electron is the sum of its bare rest mass and its electrostatic field energy, then in BLTP electrodynamics the electron has to be assigned a negative bare rest mass.
Machine Learning Methods for Reliable Resource Provisioning in Edge-Cloud Computing
Authors: Duc Thang Le , Leiva Rafael García , Casari Paolo , Östberg Per-Olov 
Published: September 2019

Large-scale software systems are currently designed as distributed entities and deployed in cloud data centers. To overcome the limitations inherent to this type of deployment, applications are increasingly being supplemented with components instantiated closer to the edges of networks—a paradigm known as edge computing. The problem of how to efficiently orchestrate combined edge-cloud applications is, however, incompletely understood, and a wide range of techniques for resource and application management are currently in use.
This article investigates the problem of reliable resource provisioning in joint edge-cloud environments, and surveys technologies, mechanisms, and methods that can be used to improve the reliability of distributed applications in diverse and heterogeneous network environments. Due to the complexity of the problem, special emphasis is placed on solutions to the characterization, management, and control of complex distributed applications using machine learning approaches. The survey is structured around a decomposition of the reliable resource provisioning problem into three categories of techniques: workload characterization and prediction, component placement and system consolidation, and application elasticity and remediation. Survey results are presented along with a problem-oriented discussion of the state-of-the-art. A summary of identified challenges and an outline of future research directions are presented to conclude the article.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Drive Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Tumors to Augment Growth
Authors: Yazdani Hamza O. , Roy Eva , Comerci Alexander J. , van der Windt Dirk J. , Zhang Hongji , Huang Hai , Loughran Patricia , Shiva Sruti , Geller David A. , Bartlett David L. , Tsung Allan , Sheng Tai , Simmons Richard L. , Tohme Samer 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) in solid cancers are associated with poorer prognosis, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that NETs enhance mitochondrial function in tumor cells, providing extra energy for accelerated growth. Metastatic colorectal cancer tissue showed increased intratumoral NETs and supranormal preoperative serum MPO-DNA, a NET marker. Higher MPO-DNA correlated with shorter survival. In mice, subcutaneous tumor implants and hepatic metastases grew slowly in PAD4-KO mice, genetically incapable of NETosis. In parallel experiments, human cancer cell lines grew slower in nu/nu mice treated with DNAse, which disassembles NETs. PAD4-KO tumors manifested decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and increased evidence of oxidative stress. PAD4-KO tumors had decreased mitochondrial density, mitochondrial DNA, a lesser degree of ATP production, along with significantly decreased mitochondrial biogenesis proteins PGC1α, TFAM, and NRF-1. In vitro, cancer cells treated with NETs upregulated mitochondrial biogenesis-associated genes, increased mitochondrial density, increased ATP production, enhanced the percentage of cancer cells with reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased the oxygen consumption rate. Furthermore, NETs increased cancer cells' expression of fission and fusion-associated proteins, DRP-1 and MFN-2, and mitophagy-linked proteins, PINK1 and Parkin. All of which were decreased in PAD4-KO tumors. Mechanistically, neutrophil elastase released from NETs activated TLR4 on cancer cells, leading to PGC1α upregulation, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, and accelerated growth. Taken together, NETs can directly alter the metabolic programming of cancer cells to increase tumor growth. NETs represent a promising therapeutic target to halt cancer progression.

Significance:
Neutrophils through the release of NETs facilitate the growth of stressed cancer cells by altering their bioenergetics, the inhibition of which induces cell death.
MUC1-C Activates the NuRD Complex to Drive Dedifferentiation of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hata Tsuyoshi , Rajabi Hasan , Takahashi Hidekazu , Yasumizu Yota , Li Wei , Jin Caining , Long Mark D. , Hu Qiang , Liu Song , Fushimi Atsushi , Yamashita Nami , Kui Ling , Hong Deli , Yamamoto Masaaki , Miyo Masaaki , Hiraki Masayuki , Maeda Takahiro , Suzuki Yozo , Samur Mehmet K. , Kufe Donald 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe NuRD chromatin remodeling and deacetylation complex, which includes MTA1, MBD3, CHD4, and HDAC1 among other components, is of importance for development and cancer progression. The oncogenic mucin 1 (MUC1) C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) protein activates EZH2 and BMI1 in the epigenetic reprogramming of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, there is no known link between MUC1-C and chromatin remodeling complexes. Here, we showed that MUC1-C binds directly to the MYC HLH-LZ domain and identified a previously unrecognized MUC1-C→MYC pathway that regulates the NuRD complex. MUC1-C/MYC complexes selectively activated the MTA1 and MBD3 genes and posttranscriptionally induced CHD4 expression in basal- but not luminal-type BC cells. In turn, MUC1-C formed complexes with these NuRD components on the ESR1 promoter. Downregulating MUC1-C decreased MTA1/MBD3/CHD4/HDAC1 occupancy and increased H3K27 acetylation on the ESR1 promoter, with induction of ESR1 expression and downstream estrogen response pathways. Targeting MUC1-C and these NuRD components also induced expression of FOXA1, GATA3, and other markers associated with the luminal phenotype. These findings support a model in which MUC1-C activates the NuRD complex to drive dedifferentiation and reprogramming of TNBC cells.Significance:MUC1-C directly interacts with MYC to activate the NuRD complex, mediating regulation of the estrogen receptor in triple-negative breast cancer cells.
A Comparison of Biopsy and Mucosal Swab Specimens for Examining the Microbiota of Upper Gastrointestinal Carcinoma
Authors: Liu An-Qi , Vogtmann Emily , Shao Dan-Tong , Abnet Christian C. , Dou Hao-Yu , Qin Yu , Su Zheng , Wei Wen-Qiang , Chen Wen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background:
There is currently no optimal sampling method for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract microbiota. We compared biopsies and mucosal swab specimens for microbial sampling from patients with UGI carcinoma.

Methods:
A total of 67 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 36 patients with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) were recruited in the Linxian Cancer Hospital (Henan, China). Sterile biopsies and swabs were used to collect paired samples from the resection specimens from carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue. Data from 16S rRNA gene sequencing were processed using QIIME2 to evaluate differences in alpha and beta diversity and taxonomic relative abundances between specimen types.

Results:
Alpha diversity was not significantly different between swab specimens and biopsies, both for ESCC and GCA. Paired specimens were correlated for both sample types from ESCC (ρ &gt; 0.6, P &lt; 0.001) but not GCA (ρ &lt; 0.4, P &gt; 0.05). For beta diversity, distinct clustering by sampling method was not observed for adjacent normal or tumor tissue from ESCC or GCA. There was a high correlation for weighted UniFrac and Bray–Curtis distance only in ESCC paired specimens (ρ &gt; 0.6, P = 0.001). The 10 dominant bacterial genera were similar between swab and biopsy specimens. However, higher levels of Veillonella (P = 0.0002) and Streptococcus (P = 0.0002) were detected in ESCC adjacent normal and GCA carcinoma swabs, respectively, compared with the biopsies.

Conclusions:
Mucosal swab specimens and biopsies could yield similar microbial profiles from ESCC but not GCA. Both can be used to characterize UGI microbiota; one sampling method should be selected for future studies.

Impact:
This study provides insight for planning microbiota collections from the UGI tract.
The Activated Clotting Time Paradox
Authors: Pacchioni Andrea , Ferro Jayme , Pesarini Gabriele , Mantovani Riccardo , Mugnolo Antonio , Bellamoli Michele , Penzo Carlo , Marchese Giuseppe , Benedetto Daniela , Turri Riccardo , Fede Alfredo , Benfari Giovanni , Saccà Salvatore , Ribichini Flavio , Versaci Francesco , Reimers Bernhard 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Radial artery occlusion (RAO) is a thrombotic complication of transradial catheterization that can lead to permanent occlusion of the radial artery. Sheath-vessel diameter ratio, postprocedure compression time, occlusive hemostasis, and insufficient anticoagulation are all predictors of RAO. However, excessive anticoagulation can lead to longer time to achieve complete hemostasis and less patent hemostasis rate. This study was designed to assess the relationship among residual anticoagulation at the end of a percutaneous coronary procedure and the risk of RAO.

Methods:
Eight hundred thirty-seven patients undergoing transradial catheterization were enrolled. Activated clotting time (ACT) was measured before sheath removal. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to ACT values (ACT <150 s, ACT between 150 and 249 s, ACT >250 s), patent hemostasis with reverse Barbeau test was attempted in all patients, and compression device removed as soon as possible. Within 24 hours, patency of radial artery was checked by Doppler using reverse Barbeau technique.

Results:

Incidence of RAO was higher for the extreme ACT values. Patent hemostasis were less frequently obtained and time to hemostasis significantly longer for increasing ACT values (
P
=0.004 for trend and <0.0001 for trend, respectively). At logistic regression analysis, ACT values <150 s were an independent predictor of RAO (odds ratio, 3.53; 95% IC, 1.677–7.43;
P
=0.001) while adjusted probability for RAO confirmed U-shaped relationship with ACT values.

Conclusions:
The level of anticoagulation is strongly related to incidence of RAO and should be measured objectively by ACT.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02762344.
Direct Assessment of Health Utilities Using the Standard Gamble Among Patients With Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Slaughter Kristen B. , Meyer Ellie G. , Bambhroliya Arvind B. , Meeks Jennifer R. , Ahmed Wamda , Bowry Ritvij , Behrouz Reza , Mir Osman , Begley Charles , Tyson Jon E. , Miller Charles , Warach Steven , Grotta James C. , McCullough Louise D. , Savitz Sean I. , Vahidy Farhaan S. 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Standard gamble (SG) directly measures patients’ valuation of their health state. We compare in-hospital and day-90 SG utilities (SGU) among intracerebral hemorrhage patients and report a 3-way association between SGU, EuroQoL-5 dimension, and modified Rankin Scale at day 90.

Methods and Results:

Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage underwent in-hospital and day-90 assessments for the modified Rankin Scale, EuroQoL-5 dimension, and SG. SG provides patients a choice between their current health state and a hypothetical treatment with varying chances of either perfect health or a painless death. Higher SGU (scale, 0–1) indicates lower risk tolerance and thus higher valuation of the current health state. Logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of low SGU (≤0.6), and Wilcoxon paired signed-rank test compared in-hospital and day-90 SGU. In-hospital and day-90 SG was obtained from 381 and 280 patients, respectively, including 236 paired observations. Median (interquartile range) in-hospital and day-90 SGUs were 0.85 (0.40–0.98) and 0.98 (0.75–1.00;
P
<0.001). In-hospital SGUs were lower with advancing age (
P
=0.007), higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and intracerebral hemorrhage scores (
P
<0.001). Proxy-based assessments resulted in lower SGUs; median difference (95% CI), −0.2 (−0.33 to −0.07). After adjustment, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and proxy assessments were independently associated with lower SGU, along with an effect modification of age by race. Day-90 SGU and modified Rankin Scale were significantly correlated; however, SGUs were higher than the EuroQoL-5 dimension utilities at higher modified Rankin Scale levels.

Conclusions:
Divergence between directly (SGU) and indirectly (EuroQoL-5 dimension) assessed utilities at high levels of functional disability warrant careful prognostication of intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes and should be considered in designing early end-of-life care discussions with families and patients.