bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cochlear implant failures and reimplantation: A 30‐year analysis and literature review
Authors: Lane Ciaran , Zimmerman Kim , Agrawal Sumit , Parnes Lorne 
Published: May 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe objectives of the study were to present an institutional experience with device failures and cochlear reimplantation rates over a 30‐year period and to perform a detailed literature review.Study DesignRetrospective institutional experience and literature review.MethodsA review of cochlear implant failures over a period of 30 years, between January 1988 and March 2017, at a single institution was conducted. Cochlear implant failures were calculated based on manufacturer, type of failure, and overall failure rate. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan‐Meier curves. An electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases revealed 24 articles on the topic of cochlear device failure. Data on reimplantation and device failure rates were extracted from this literature review and analyzed.ResultsA total of 804 cochlear implantations were reviewed from three manufacturers. The institutional reimplantation rate was 2.9% compared to the pooled rate of 6.0% calculated from the literature review. Medical failures accounted for 0.5% of the overall failures, device failures accounted for 1.6%, and inconclusive failures account for 0.7%. Survival analysis revealed a significant difference among manufacturers. An improved device failure rate was noted in the adult population (0.8%) as compared to the pediatric population (2.8%).ConclusionsThis 30‐year review represents one of the longest series in the literature examining reimplantation, device failure, and medical failure rates. Cochlear implant survival varied by manufacturer and was significantly better in adult compared to pediatric patients.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130:782–789, 2020
Intraoperative cone‐beam CT‐guided osteotomy navigation in mandible and maxilla surgery
Authors: Hasan Wael , Daly Michael J. , Chan Harley H. L , Qiu Jimmy , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesSurgical navigation systems based on preoperative imaging are now increasingly used for guidance of head and neck resection and reconstruction. The primary aim of this study was to quantify osteotomy cutting accuracy using an image‐guidance system for intraoperative cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and surgical saw navigation. To enable clinical translation of this CBCT‐guided navigation system, a secondary aim of the study was to design and fabricate a patient reference tracker suitable for clinical use on a mobile mandible.MethodsFirst, a preclinical cadaveric study was performed to quantify navigation accuracy with the use of clinically suitable patient reference trackers. Second, a proof‐of‐principle patient study was conducted to evaluate this technique under clinical conditions.ResultsIn both preclinical (5 cadavers) and clinical (5 patients) experiments, the mean cutting accuracy was less than 2 mm. In all preclinical specimens, bilateral mandibulectomies and bilateral maxillectomies were performed, for a total of 20 cut planes for analysis. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) values for distance, pitch, and roll were 1.4 mm (1.1 mm), 4.2° (3.5°), and 2.9° (2.5°) mm, respectively. Five mandibulectomies were performed on five patients, for a total of 10 cut planes for analysis. The mean (SD) values for distance, pitch, and roll were 1.7 mm (0.8 mm), 5.4° (1.5°), and 6.7° (4.6°) mm, respectively.ConclusionsThe overall performance in comparison to alternative approaches warrants further consideration. In terms of accuracy, the results presented here are comparable to recent systematic reviews assessing CAD‐CAM cutting guides that cite accuracies of ~2 to 2.5 mm.Level of Evidence2Laryngoscope, 130:1122–1127, 2020
Smoothable zero dimensional schemes and special projections of algebraic varieties
Authors: Jelisiejew Joachim , Kapustka Grzegorz , Kapustka Michał 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe study the degrees of generators of the ideal of a projected Veronese variety to depending on the center of projection. This is related to the geometry of zero dimensional schemes of length 8 in , Cremona transforms of , and the geometry of Tonoli Calabi‐Yau threefolds of degree 17 in .
Halogen‐Bond‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of Polymer–Resorcinarene Complexes
Authors: Välimäki Salla , Gustavsson Lotta , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah , Linko Veikko , Kostiainen Mauri A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new supramolecular system based on halogen‐bonded macromolecular substances is presented. Binding and complex formation between a halogen bond acceptor N‐benzyl ammonium resorcinarene bromide and a library of polymeric halogen bond donors based on iodotetrafluorophenoxy functionality is shown. The complex formation was confirmed in liquid state by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Spectroscopic measurements in the solid state verify the halogen bonding. In particular, the study shows that both homopolymers and polyethylene glycol block copolymers act as effective halogen bond donors leading to polymer‐architecture‐dependent complex morphologies.
Evidence that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ suppresses squamous carcinogenesis through anti‐inflammatory signaling and regulation of the immune response
Authors: Ren Lu , Konger Raymond L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA variety of evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonists may represent a potential pharmacologic target in the prevention or treatment of skin cancer. In particular, recent reports suggest that PPARγ activation may exert at least some of its anti‐neoplastic effects through the suppression of tumor promoting chronic inflammation as well as by strengthening antitumor immune responses. This activity is thought to occur through a distinct mode of ligand interaction with PPARγ that causes transrepression of transcription factors that are involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory signaling. However, current thiazolidinedione (TZD)‐type PPARγ agonists have significant safety concerns that limit their usefulness as a preventive or therapeutic option. Due to the relatively large ligand binding pocket of PPARγ, a diverse group of ligands can be seen to interact with distinct modes of binding to PPARγ, leading to the phenomenon of partial agonist activity and selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM). This has led to the development of ligands that are tailored to deliver desired pharmacologic activity, but lack some of the negative side effects associated with full agonists, such as the currently utilized TZD‐type PPARγ agonists. In addition, there is evidence that a number of phytochemicals that are currently being touted as antineoplastic nutraceuticals also possess PPARγ activity that may partially explain their pharmacologic activity. We propose that one or more of these partial agonists, SPPARγMs, or putative phytochemical PPARγ ligands could presumably be used as a starting point to design more efficacious anti‐neoplastic PPARγ ligands that lack adverse pharmacological effects.
Influence of glutathione S‐transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) genetic polymorphisms and smoking on susceptibility risk of chronic myeloid leukemia and treatment response
Authors: Rostami Golale , Assad Dlnya , Ghadyani Fatemeh , Hamid Mohammad , Karami Amirhossien , Jalaeikhoo Hasan , Kalahroodi Ramezan Ali 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundGlutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) polymorphisms may impact on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) risk or heterogeneous responses to Imatinib mesylate (IM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between GSTs polymorphisms and CML risk, treatment response.MethodsWe genotyped GSTM1, GSTT1 null deletion polymorphisms, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism by PCR methods and BCR‐ABL transcripts were analyzed by qRT‐PCR in 104 CML patients and 104 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy individuals.ResultsIndividual analysis showed significant association of GSTM1 (p = 0.008; OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.26–0.82) and GSTP1 genes (p = 0.04; OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.016–2.423) with CML risk. The combined analysis indicated that GSTM1 null/GSTT1 present, GSTM1‐null/GSTP1M*(AG/GG) as well as GSTT1 present/ GSTP1M* genotype were associated with CML risk (ORg(‐):2.28; 95% CI: 1.29–4.04; ORgg: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.36–5.97; OR(‐)g: 1.75; 95% CI: 0.99–3.06, respectively). The proportion of CML cancer attributable to the interaction of smoking and GSTM1 null, GSTT1null, and GSTP1 M* was 42%, 39%, and 13%, respectively. Patients with GSTM1‐null and GSTP1 AG/GG genotype had significantly a lower rate of MMR achievement (p = 0.00; p = 0.009 respectively). Event‐free survival (EFS) percentage was similar between GSTM1 null and GSTM1 present patients (p = 0.21).ConclusionOur study suggests the influence of GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms on CML risk and treatment response. The interaction between GSTs polymorphisms and smoking plays a significant role on CML susceptibility.
Association of glypican‐6 polymorphisms with lumbar disk herniation risk in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Hu Baoyang , Xing Wenhua , Li Feng , Huang Zhi , Zheng Wenkai , Ji Demin , Niu Fanglin , Zhu Yong , Yang Xuejun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundLumbar disk herniation (LDH) is a degenerative disorder, which partly results from complex genetic factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential associations between glypican‐6 (GPC6) variants and LDH risk in Han Chinese population.MethodsA total of 508 Han Chinese LDH patients and 508 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GPC6 were selected and genotyped using an Agena MassARRAY platform. We used logistic regression method to evaluate the linkage between GPC6 variants and LDH risk by calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in multiple genetic models. HaploReg database was used for SNP functional annotation.ResultsOur result revealed GPC6 rs4773724 was associated with a decreased risk of LDH in allele model (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.98, p = 0.026), whereas rs1008993 increased the LDH risk (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.05–1.71, p = 0.020). Besides, we also found rs4773724 and rs9523981 were associated with susceptibility of LDH among individuals whose age are less than 45. And rs1008993 was associated with increased LDH risk in males. Furthermore, Haplotype analysis showed that the TT (rs4773724, rs1008993) haplotype and GC (rs4773724, rs1008993) haplotype had the opposite effects on the susceptibility of LDH.ConclusionsFor the first time, we suggest that rs4773724 and rs1008993 in GPC6 were considered as a protective factor and a risk factor for LDH in Han Chinese population, respectively. These results provide new ideas for the treatment and prevention of LDH in Han Chinese population.
Experimental and Theoretical Approaches in the Study of Phenanthroline‐Tetrahydroquinolines for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Duarte Yorley , Gutierrez Margarita , Álvarez Rocío , Alzate‐Morales Jans H. , Soto‐Delgado Jorge 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe imino‐Diels‐Alder reaction is one of the most common strategies in organic chemistry and is an important tool for providing a broad spectrum of biologically active heterocyclic systems. A combined theoretical and experimental study of the imino‐Diels‐Alder reaction is described. The new phenanthroline‐tetrahydroquinolines were evaluated as cholinesterase inhibitors. Their cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells was also evaluated. The theoretical results suggest that compounds formation in stages can be explained by endo cycloadducts under the established reaction conditions, thereby confirming experimental results obtained for percentage yield. These results allowed us to establish that pyridine substituent remarkably influences activation energy and reaction yield, as well as in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Among these derivatives, compounds with 4‐pyridyl and 4‐nitrophenyl showed favorable AChE activity and proved to be non‐cytotoxic.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel polyurethane/polypyrrole‐p‐toluenesulfonate (PU/PPy‐pTS) electroactive nanofibrous bending actuator
Authors: Ebadi Seyed Vahid , Semnani Dariush , Fashandi Hossein , Rezaei Behzad 
Published: May 2019

Electroactive actuators based on conductive polymers currently have attracted a great deal of attention. In this study, a nanofibrous structure of polypyrrole (PPy) was used to fabricate an electroactive bending actuator. For this purpose, polyurethane/PPy (PU/PPy) nanofibrous bending actuator was fabricated through the combined use of electrospinning and in‐situ chemical polymerization. The response surface methodology (RSM) was considered to find the optimal electrospinning conditions for producing PU nanofibers with the minimum diameter. The in‐situ chemical polymerization method was then used to prepare a conductive layer of PPy on the surface of optimum electrospun nanofibers with p‐toluenesulfonate (pTS) as the dopant. The coated nanofibers were used in the fabrication of PU/PPy‐pTS nanofibrous bending actuator. The morphology and electrical, thermal, electrochemical, and electrochemomechanical properties of the fabricated actuator were investigated. By using optimum conditions of electrospinning, PU nanofibers were obtained with a diameter of 221 nm. The results showed that the produced PU/PPy‐pTS nanofibers enjoy good thermal stability and have an electrical conductivity of about 276.34 S/cm. The obtained cyclic voltammetric and dynamo‐voltammetric responses showed that the dominant mechanism of actuation in the fabricated PU/PPy‐pTS nanofibrous actuator is the exchange of perchlorate anions with a partial exchange of lithium cations in 1M lithium perchlorate electrolyte solution. The fabricated actuator was capable of undergoing 141° reversible angular displacement during a potential cycle. The results demonstrated that, given high porosity, large specific surface area, flexibility, and desirable electrical properties, PU/PPy nanofibrous electroactive actuator provides a lot of potential for developing artificial muscle applications.
Controlling for confounding via propensity score methods can result in biased estimation of the conditional AUC: A simulation study
Authors: Galadima Hadiza I. , McClish Donna K. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYIn the medical literature, there has been an increased interest in evaluating association between exposure and outcomes using nonrandomized observational studies. However, because assignments to exposure are not random in observational studies, comparisons of outcomes between exposed and nonexposed subjects must account for the effect of confounders. Propensity score methods have been widely used to control for confounding, when estimating exposure effect. Previous studies have shown that conditioning on the propensity score results in biased estimation of conditional odds ratio and hazard ratio. However, research is lacking on the performance of propensity score methods for covariate adjustment when estimating the area under the ROC curve (AUC). In this paper, AUC is proposed as measure of effect when outcomes are continuous. The AUC is interpreted as the probability that a randomly selected nonexposed subject has a better response than a randomly selected exposed subject. A series of simulations has been conducted to examine the performance of propensity score methods when association between exposure and outcomes is quantified by AUC; this includes determining the optimal choice of variables for the propensity score models. Additionally, the propensity score approach is compared with that of the conventional regression approach to adjust for covariates with the AUC. The choice of the best estimator depends on bias, relative bias, and root mean squared error. Finally, an example looking at the relationship of depression/anxiety and pain intensity in people with sickle cell disease is used to illustrate the estimation of the adjusted AUC using the proposed approaches.
Structurally uneasy but kinetically stable nitrogens in 1,3‐disubstituted cyclotetrazenes: Viable high‐energy‐density materials
Authors: Xin Jing‐fan , Bo Xiao‐xu , Ding Yi‐hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn designing the polynitrogen and nitrogen‐rich high‐energy‐density materials (HEDMs), one continuously challenged issue is to solve the severe conflict between “stability and detonation.” Most known nitrogen‐containing and nonsaltlike HEDMs involve the normally bonded skeletal nitrogens. Here, we computationally proposed a nontraditional class of nitrogen‐rich compounds with structurally uneasy nitrogens, that is, 1,3‐disubstituted cyclotetrazenes N4R2 (I), which bear the moderate 6π‐aromaticity and slight singlet diradical character. The target N4R2 (I) can preferably balance the “stability and detonation” necessity of HEDM, and can be fabricated into diversified compounds ranging from simple to nano‐sized high‐energy porous frameworks. The robustness of N4R2 (I) should much expand our perceiving limitation in the nitrogen‐rich HEDM chemistry.
Synthesis and Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity of Tm3+/Yb3+ Co–Doped Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55
Authors: Zhang Zuowei , Jin Shanshan , Hao Hongshun , Hou Yunxia , Hou Hongman , Zhang Gongliang , Bi Jingran , Yan Shuang , Liu Guishan , Gao Wenyuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel photocatalyst of Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 doped with Tm3+/Yb3+ was prepared by a simple coprecipitation method followed by a calcination technology. The as‐synthesized Tm3+/Yb3+‐Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 samples were characterized by various analytical methods. The as‐synthesized sample exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity when degrading Rhodamine B under the irradiation of visible‐light. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Tm3+/Yb3+‐Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 (95.2%) was higher than that of pure Bi3.64Mo0.36O6.55 (85.2%) in 50 min. Besides, the sample revealed a stable photocatalytic property after four photodegradation cycles. Therefore, this study may provide a better method to obtain stable upconversion photocatalyst degrading organic pollution with greatly improved activity.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Genistein Amino Acid Ester Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Tumor Agents
Authors: Long Xiao‐kang , Liao Lan‐Qing , Zeng Yao‐Fu , Zhang Ye , Xiao Fang , Li Chong , Guo Yu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThirty‐one novel genistein amino acid ester derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐proliferative activities against HUVEC cells and five cancer cells lines (HCT‐116, HeLa, HepG‐2, MCF‐7, MGC‐803). Most of the amino acid ester derivatives exhibited more inhibitory activity than their parent compound genistein. In particular, compound 8 j (methyl(4‐((5‐hydroxy‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐oxo‐4H‐chromen‐7‐yl)oxy)butanoyl)tryptophanate) bearing tryptophan chain showed the most cytotoxicity against HCT‐116 cells with IC50 value of 2.76 μM. Further mechanistic studies indicated that compound 8 j suppressed HCT‐116 cell metastasis and induced cell apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Cell cycle assay showed that compound 8 j arrested the HCT‐116 cells to G1 phase. These studies suggested compound 8 j might be a potential candidate for developing new anticancer drugs.
Synthesis of 3,5‐Diaryl‐2,6‐dicyanoanilines from Tandem Reactions of Ynones with Malononitrile
Authors: He Jiaojiao , Li Zheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of 3,5‐diaryl‐2,6‐dicyanoanilines from tandem reactions of ynones with malononitrile in the absence of transition metal catalysts is described. This protocol has good functional group tolerance, mild condition, high yield and simple work‐up procedure.
Selective Metal‐Ion Detection and Activatable Photosensitization Properties of a Tetraphenylethylene‐Based Salicylideneimine
Authors: Marandi Parvati , Kumar P. P. Praveen , Venugopalan Paloth , Neelakandan Prakash P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDevelopment of chemosensors for metal ions is an active area of research. Fluorescent chemosensors capable of detecting multiple metal ions are valuable because of their potential utility in diagnostics and environmental science. We have synthesized a Schiff‐base chemosensor based on the tetraphenylethylene chromophore. It was observed that the chemosensor interacts with Cu(II) and Zn(II) in acetonitrile with high association constants of 2.33 × 1021and 1.33 × 1021 M−4, respectively. Moreover, the interaction of these metal ions with the chemosensor resulted in visual colour and fluorescence changes. Nanoaggregates of this molecule, on the other hand, were observed to be selective towards Cu(II) in the aqueous medium. It is also noteworthy that the binding of Cu(II) activates photosensitization property of this molecule and generates singlet oxygen efficiently.
Silkworm Excrement Derived In‐situ Co‐doped Nanoporous Carbon as Confining Sulfur Host for Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Rong , Rao Zhenggang , Li Yong , Li Hongyi , Fei Linfeng , Lei Shuijin , Wang Yu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLithium sulfur batteries (Li−S) are widely proposed as the next generation energy storage systems due to their super high energy density. However, one of the challenges remains in the “shuttle effects” of polysulfides, which hinders the practical application of Li−S. To address the above issue, herein, we propose an innovative design strategy of in‐situ co‐doped nanoporous carbon (ICPC) derived from silkworm excrement to achieve the strong chemical bonding and strict physical confinement of sulfur. As a result, the migration of polysulfides might be suppressed by the synergistic effects of physical and chemical interactions, which is helpful for the significant improvement of electrochemical performance. After 100 stable cyclic discharge‐charge tests at the current density of 0.2 C, the reversible capacity of the as obtained ICPC−S composite cathode still maintains around 500 mAh g−1, corresponding to 67% capacity retention. More importantly, high Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% can be realized, suggesting the greatly avoided “shuttle effects”. Such a novel design of in‐situ co‐doped nanoporous carbon opens up new possibilities for high performance lithium sulfur batteries.
Al2O3‐TiO2 Modified Sulfonated Carbon with Hierarchically Ordered Pores for Glucose Conversion to 5‐HMF
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Jiangang , Wang Jinghua , Wang Yong , Wang Ming , Cui Hongyou , Song Feng , Sun Xiuyu , Xie Yujiao , Yi Weiming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSulfonated carbons with hierarchically ordered pores (SCHOP) are not effective catalysts for glucose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) although they are very effective for fructose conversion due to insufficient and unsuitable Lewis acid sites in SCHOP unfavorable for isomerization of glucose to fructose. This paper attempts to intensify the Lewis acid sites on the surface of SCHOP by doping Al2O3 and TiO2 (Al−Ti@SCHOP) so as to promote glucose conversion to 5‐HMF. Characterizations by SEM, TEM, BET and N2 adsorption‐desorption showed that the well‐ordered hierarchical pore structure of SCHOP was preserved after doping the metal oxides. EDS and XRD analyses confirmed that Al2O3 and TiO2 were well‐dispersed on the surface. FTIR, Py‐FTIR and NH3‐TPD proved that not only sulfonic acid groups were introduced successfully but also very strong acid sites were formed. Furthermore, the strength of Lewis and Brönsted acid sites on the surface of Al−Ti@SCHOP were tailored by adjusting the mass ratio of Al2O3 to TiO2. Al−Ti@SCHOP with an Al2O3/TiO2 mass ratio of 2:1 demonstrated the highest catalytic activity for glucose dehydration to 5‐HMF. As high as above 96% of 5‐HMF selectivity could be obtained within the initial reaction time of 3.0 h, and a maximum 5‐HMF yield of 57.36% occurred at the reaction time of 5.0 h when reacting at 130 °C. Besides, the catalyst has its good stability.