bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An approach to evaluation of digital data in public health campaigns
Authors: Teo Alan R , Rice Sean P M , Meyer Elizabeth , Karras-Pilato Elizabeth , Strickland Susan , Dobscha Steven K 
Published: November 2024

Mass media campaigns for public health often rely heavily on digital media and advertising tools that are customarily the domain of marketing professionals and primarily used for commercial purposes. Digital campaigns also generate a myriad of metrics, which can pose both a challenge and opportunity for scientists wishing to leverage these data for research and evaluation. Objective The aim of this article is to provide practical guidance for the evaluation of paid media campaigns, with a focus on analyzing digital data generated directly by the campaign. Methods Building off the Centers for Disease Control framework for program evaluation, we describe a step-by-step process for evaluation tailored to the unique considerations of digital and paid media campaigns. We contextualize our guidance with our experience evaluating a suicide prevention campaign conducted from 2021 to 2023 that focused on firearms safety in U.S. military veterans. Results Key terminology, conceptual models, and selected findings from our evaluation are presented alongside our guidance. Conclusions We conclude with key lessons learned and offer recommendations that are broadly applicable to evaluation of other digital campaigns.
Quantifying Morphological Changes in Middle Trapezius With Ultrasonography and Histogram Matching for Participants With and Without Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy
Authors: Philp Fraser , Meilak Erik , Seyres Martin , Willis Tracey , Winn Naomi , Pandyan Anand 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Echogenicity is a biomarker in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Currently, it is not possible to compare echogenicity values, derived using quantified muscle sonography capture, based on different equipment instrumentation settings. Image normalization, using histogram matching, could address this limitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of histogram matching, with trapezius muscle echogenicity values, in participants with and without FSHD. Materials and Methods: Sensitivity analysis of a single measurement timepoint case control study of participants with FSHD, using age- and gender-matched controls. Correlations between trapezius muscle echogenicity, muscle thickness, and shoulder range of movements were also completed. Results: Data were collected for 14 participants, seven with FSHD and seven controls. The cohort had a mean age of 41.6 years. The FSHD group echogenicity values (118.2) were higher than controls (42.3), respectively, as well as statistically significant ( p = .002). An overall variance of 6.2 (range = −2.9 to 15.4) was identified between the reference images. Echogenicity explained 81% of the variance in muscle thickness and 74% of the variance in range of movement muscle thickness was explained by 61% of the variance for range of movement. Conclusion: Histogram matching for comparison of echogenicity was required. Different reference images affect echogenicity values, but the variability was less than between group differences. Further longitudinal evaluation based on a larger sample of participants is needed.
Unraveling the DNA methylation landscape in dog blood across breeds
Authors: Nakamura Miyuki , Matsumoto Yuki , Yasuda Keiji , Nagata Masatoshi , Nakaki Ryo , Okumura Masahiro , Yamazaki Jumpei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
DNA methylation is a covalent bond modification that is observed mainly at cytosine bases in the context of CG pairs. DNA methylation patterns reflect the status of individual tissues, such as cell composition, age, and the local environment, in mammals. Genetic factors also impact DNA methylation, and the genetic diversity among various dog breeds provides a valuable platform for exploring this topic. Compared to those in the human genome, studies on the profiling of methylation in the dog genome have been less comprehensive.

Results
Our study provides extensive profiling of DNA methylation in the whole blood of three dog breeds using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. The difference in DNA methylation between breeds was moderate after removing CpGs overlapping with potential genetic variation. However, variance in methylation between individuals was common and often occurred in promoters and CpG islands (CGIs). Moreover, we adopted contextual awareness methodology to characterize DNA primary sequences using natural language processing (NLP). This method could be used to effectively separate unmethylated CGIs from highly methylated CGIs in the sequences that are identified by the conventional criteria.

Conclusions
This study presents a comprehensive DNA methylation landscape in the dog blood. Our observations reveal the similar methylation patterns across dog breeds, while CGI regions showed high variations in DNA methylation level between individuals. Our study also highlights the potential of NLP approach for analyzing low-complexity DNA sequences, such as CGIs.
A statistically established reference value determined for the Vaxarray Coronavirus (CoV) seroassay to characterize vaccination and natural infection
Authors: Porras Francisco Mimica , Pineda Gabriel , Mangilog Abigail , Hernandez Keith , Sikorski Cynthia , Lane Michelle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSerological diagnostic tests are available that measure antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. We utilized the Vaxarray Coronavirus (CoV) seroassay, which measures SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against the full-length spike protein (FLS), receptor binding domain (RBD), and S2 extracellular domain (ECD). Previous serological studies have used reference values that have not been validated and require many samples. Here, we show statistically established reference values determined using the upper tail of the Student t-distribution method. The target population was any personnel age 18 years and older working on a U.S. Navy ship, and vaccinated with Wuhan variant. The relative fluorescence mean (RFM) reference values for the full-length spike protein, RBD, and S2 ECD were 17,731, 13,990 and 9096, respectively. By using generalized non-parametric regression and reference values for the RBD spike protein and S2 ECD of SARS-CoV-2, this study was able to distinguish vaccine-mediated immune responses from natural infections. We provide the method and statistical code as a resource to determine future reference values for other serological assays.
Financial implications of unpaid clinical placements for allied health, dentistry, medical, and nursing students in Australia: a scoping review with recommendations for policy, research, and practice
Authors: Beks Hannah , Walsh Sandra , Clayden Suzanne , Watson Lucinda , Zwar Joyti , Alston Laura 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Investing in allied health, dentistry, medical, and nursing undergraduate and postgraduate qualifying education is critical to meet a growing demand on global health care systems. Clinical placements are an integral component of qualifying training and are conventionally unpaid. Widespread economic challenges, attributed to a post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery era and global unrest, have led to growing economic hardship for populations, even in high-income countries like Australia. Allied health, dentistry, medical, and nursing undergraduate and postgraduate students undertaking unpaid clinical placements are not immune from these stressors, which has implications for education providers, ageing populations, the future health care system, and policy-makers. The purpose of this review was to better understand these stressors by scoping the financial implications of unpaid clinical placements for allied health, dentistry, medical, and nursing students in Australian research.

Methods
The Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review methodology was used. This involved a search of academic databases and an extensive search of grey literature sources. Literature published from 1 January 2014 was included. Citations were independently screened by two reviewers.

Results
Thirty-three research studies were included. Most studies focused on allied health students (n = 12), followed by nursing (n = 11), and medical students (n = 5), with an additional five studies focused on multiple disciplines, including dentistry. One study had an interventional component. Findings were grouped around four concepts: reliance on self-reported measures of financial implications, costs of unpaid clinical placements for students, implications of costs for students, and an urgent need for targeted strategies to redress.

Conclusions
The financial implications of unpaid clinical placements for allied health, dentistry, medical, and nursing students in Australia are well-established in research. Impacts are significant for the future of Australia’s health workforce and health system. Research findings have been consistent over the past decade in advocating for greater financial support for students undertaking unpaid clinical placements and flexibility of placement models to mitigate the indirect costs of placements. Collaboration between state and federal government, universities, peak professional bodies, and placement host organisations is imperative to implement a suite of strategies to redress the financial burden experienced by students and secure the future of Australia’s health workforce.
Building an eDNA surveillance toolkit for invasive rodents on islands: can we detect wild-type and gene drive Mus musculus?
Authors: Piaggio Antoinette J. , Gierus Luke , Taylor Daniel R. , Holmes Nick D. , Will David J. , Gemmell Neil J. , Thomas Paul Q. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Invasive management strategies range from preventing new invasive species incursions to eliminating established populations, with all requiring effective monitoring to guide action. The use of DNA sampled from the environment (eDNA) is one such tool that provides the ability to surveille and monitor target invasive species through passive sampling. Technology being developed to eliminate invasive species includes genetic biocontrol in the form of gene drive. This approach would drive a trait through a population and could be used to eliminate or modify a target population. Once a gene drive organism is released into a population then monitoring changes in density of the target species and the spread of the drive in the population would be critical.

Results
In this paper, we use invasive Mus musculus as a model for development of an eDNA assay that detects wild-type M. musculus and gene drive M. musculus. We demonstrate successful development of an assay where environmental samples could be used to detect wild-type invasive M. musculus and the relative density of wild-type to gene drive M. musculus.

Conclusions
The development of a method that detects both wild-type M. musculus and a gene drive M. musculus (tCRISPR) from environmental samples expands the utility of environmental DNA. This method provides a tool that can immediately be deployed for invasive wild M. musculus management across the world. This is a proof-of-concept that a genetic biocontrol construct could be monitored using environmental samples.
Qualitative study of the feasibility and acceptability of implementation, and potential mechanisms of Learning Together for Mental Health, a whole-school intervention aiming to promote mental health and wellbeing in secondary schools
Authors: Sundaram Neisha , Lloyd-Houldey Oliver , Michalopoulou Semina , Hope Steven , Sturgess Joanna , Allen Elizabeth , Legood Rosa , Scott Stephen , Hudson Lee D. , Nicholls Dasha , Christie Deborah , Viner Russell M. , Bonell Chris 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite high rates of adolescent mental-health problems, there are few effective whole-school interventions to address this. Whole-school interventions offer a feasible and sustainable means of promoting mental health. We previously evaluated the Learning Together (LT) intervention which was effective in preventing bullying (primary outcome), promoting mental well-being, psychological functioning, and reducing substance use (secondary outcomes). We adapted LT to develop Learning Together for Mental Health (LTMH) with a new menu of evidence-based actions to address mental health and an enhanced SEL curriculum.

Methods
We undertook a feasibility study of LTMH, a whole-school intervention featuring needs assessment, student and staff participation in decision-making via action groups selecting actions from an evidence-based menu, restorative practice, and a SEL and resilience skills curriculum between 2022 and 2023. This article examines the feasibility, acceptability, and potential mechanisms of LTMH, qualitatively, drawing on interviews and focus groups with 49 students in years 8 and 10, and 20 staff across four state secondary schools in southern England.

Results
The intervention was feasible and acceptable to implement. In terms of feasibility, the SEL curriculum was the most challenging to implement and was not prioritised by schools that had existing social and emotional learning lessons. Training and external facilitation were well-rated. Some schools struggled with the resourcing and workload implications of implementing actions from the evidence-based menu. Some aspects were not clear. Some staff were not aware that the various components worked together. Needs reports were not easy to understand for all. Students were generally supportive of restorative practice and SEL lessons. Data supported a potential mechanism involving increased school belonging and developing practical knowledge and skills to manage emotions and relationships. The intervention has little potential for harm.

Conclusions
The intervention is ready for phase III trial with minor adaptations. A phase III trial of effectiveness is justified.

Trial registration
ISRCTN15301591 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN15301591
Does Policy Uncertainty Boost Vaccine Hesitancy? Political Controversy, the FDA and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Fall 2020
Authors: Carpenter Daniel , Dardet Matthew E. , Bhaskar Anushka , Rand Leah Z. , Feldman William , Kesselheim Aaron S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Context: Vaccine hesitancy is associated with political and institutional distrust, but there is little research on how people's trust responds to political events. We revisit the fall of 2020 when evaluation of new COVID-19 vaccines collided with an impending national election. Drawing on a political Bayesian perspective, we assess abrupt changes in attention to political events and test hypotheses on subpopulation response: (1) partisan, (2) educational, and (3) ethnic and racial.
Methods: Analysis of daily changes in news reporting and social media use in 2020, combined with detailed analysis of two-large scale surveys fielded at the time, focusing on questions of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and safety concerns about COVID-19 vaccines.
Findings: Vaccine hesitancy in the US spiked from late August to early October 2020. We identify several plausible triggers for this spike, all pertaining to the FDA and electoral politics. Heightened vaccine hesitancy occurred among Democrats, Asian and Black citizens, as well as college-educated respondents. Turbulence mainly affected those who were initially most trusting in government and vaccines. Asian-American vaccine confidence recovered; that of Black Americans did not.
Conclusions: Electoral politics may destabilize citizen assumptions about vaccine authorization and boost uncertainty, thereby undermining public willingness to take approved vaccines.
The role of vegetarian diet in Nephrolithiasis
Authors: Zinkow-Krzemyk Karolina 
Published: November 2024

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stone disease, is a prevalent condition with significant morbidity worldwide. Notably, this medical condition is strongly influenced by nutritional habits. Dietary choices play a critical role in both the formation and prevention of kidney stones, highlighting the importance of proper nutrition in managing this disease. This review explores the impact of a vegetarian diet on nephrolithiasis. Evidence suggest that plant-based diets, which excludes animal protein, may contribute to a reduced risk of kidney stone formation.
Vegetarian diet could be also considered as higher in fruits and vegetables, so in conclusion, people on plant-based diet have a water-rich food intake. Not only the fluid intake, but also the balance of calcium and oxalates is very important in managing risk of forming kidney stones. This diet typically result in lower acid load, higher urinary pH and increased urinary citrate levels. Everything mentioned is a key preventive strategy against kidney calculi.
Nephrolithiasis has undenyable colligation with diet. Patients dietary choices and their lifestyle could strongly influence the course of this disease. Overall, well-planned vegetarian diet may offer protective benefits against nephrolithiasis. It should be individualized and preferably prepared by a professional dietitian. In this case, it is important to remember that our diet plays role similarly in genesis as in recurrence of kidney stone disease. Changing eating habits aims to reduce lithogenic risk factors.
Beyond the negativity of the emotion of fear: religious fear as a case in point
Authors: Berlin Yair 
Published: November 2024

Fear is regularly cited as a typical example of a ‘negative emotion’. The present article considers alternative perspectives, seeking to develop a theoretical framework that takes into account the possibility of perceiving fear as an emotion that can carry ‘positivity’. As a test case of a possible positive function of fear, I analyse the religious discourse surrounding fear in Israeli ultra-Orthodox society, where fear is often regarded as a positive emotion. I argue that the ‘positive’ traits that the ultra-Orthodox ascribe to fear can be employed as a model for elucidating the ‘positive’ functions of fear in other contexts as well.
The article’s first two parts are devoted to clarifying the relativist stance regarding the essence of fear and presenting the test case of religious fear. In the following parts I isolate three perspectives offered by the religious approach that may also shed light on a general understanding of how fear operates as a ‘positive’ emotion: (1) broadening the range of reactions to fear beyond the ‘fight or flight’ response; (2) the epistemological function of fear in constructing truth and knowledge; (3) the possibility that the very experience of fear can be framed and felt as positive. In conclusion, I will argue that the case of fear shows that the broad categorisation into ‘negative’ and ‘positive’ within the emotional realm may impair the theoretical and scholarly understanding of emotions, and I will propose an alternative approach to this categorisation.
Ethanol extract of cassia seed alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by acting on multiple lipid metabolism-related pathways
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Jia , Yang Yilian , Duan Chunlei , Shao Bing , Zhang Mingxiu , Wang Jiapan , Li Peifeng , Yuan Ye , Zhang Yan , Ji Hongyu , Li Xingda , Du Zhimin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and objective
In northern China’s cold regions, the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) exceeds 50%, significantly higher than the national and global rates. MASLD is an important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and tumors, with no specific therapeutic drugs currently available. The ethanol extract of cassia seed (CSEE) has shown promise in lowering blood lipids and improving hepatic steatosis, but its mechanism in treating MASLD remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of CSEE.

Methods
MASLD models were established in male Wistar rats and golden hamsters using a high fat diet (HFD). CSEE (10, 50, 250 mg/kg) was administered via gavage for six weeks. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as liver TC and TG, were measured using biochemical kits. Histopathological changes in the liver were evaluated using Oil Red O staining, Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). HepG2 cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and Calcein-AM/PI staining. Network pharmacology was used to analyze drug-disease targets, and western blotting was used to confirm these predictions.

Results
CSEE treatment significantly reduced serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, and AST, and improved liver weight, liver index, and hepatic lipid deposition in rats and golden hamsters. In addition, CSEE alleviated free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipid deposition in HepG2 cells. Molecular biology experiments demonstrated that CSEE increased the protein levels of p-AMPK, p-ACC, PPARα, CPT1A, PI3K P110 and p-AKT, while decreasing the protein levels of SREBP1, FASN, C/EBPα, and PPARγ, thus improving hepatic lipid metabolism and reducing lipid deposition. The beneficial effects of CSEE were reversed by small molecule inhibitors of the signaling pathways in vitro.

Conclusion
CSEE improves liver lipid metabolism and reduces lipid droplet deposition in Wistar rats and golden hamsters with MASLD by activating hepatic AMPK, PPARα, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
The impact of varying sizes of silver nanoparticles on the induction of cellular damage in Klebsiella pneumoniae involving diverse mechanisms
Authors: Bhat Ramesa Shafi , Alonazi Mona , Aldbass Abeer Mohammad , Al-Daihan Sooad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively studied as potent antibacterial agents targeting antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Cellular damage induced through various mechanisms that can affect multiple cell components like the outer membrane, enzymes, and proteins is closely linked to their chemical and morphological characteristics. We investigated the impact of AgNPs’ size on their antibacterial effectiveness using two differently sized nanoparticles: silver nanoparticle-Citrus limon (AgCL) with an average size of 21 nm and silver nanoparticle-Citrus sinensis (AgCS) with an average size of 13 nm, derived from C. limon and C. sinensis through environmentally friendly methods. The study evaluated their antibacterial effects by assessing morphology changes via scanning electron microscopy, metabolic alterations using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and oxidative stress responses through biochemical markers in Klebsiella pneumoniae cells exposed to AgNPs. The results showed that both AgCL and AgCS exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity, evidenced by inhibition zones of 14 ± 1.5 and 16 ± 1.0 mm, respectively. Morphological changes in K. pneumoniae cells treated with AgNPs were size dependent, with notable alterations noted. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed size and concentration-dependent biochemical changes, particularly in shifts in functional groups involved in the fluidity of cell wall lipid, and protein structure. Exposure to AgNPs led to increased oxidative stress markers like lipid peroxides and reduced levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, more prominently observed with smaller AgCS nanoparticles (13 nm). AgNPs induce oxidative stress and morphological changes in K. pneumoniae strains, with smaller nanoparticles demonstrating greater efficacy. These findings underscore the importance of nanoparticle size in optimizing the antibacterial properties against pathogens.