bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the Self‐Report of the Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire Across Sexes and Generations
Authors: Schuckit Marc A. , Smith Tom L. , Rana Brinda K. , Mendoza Lee Ann , Clarke Dennis , Kawamura Mari 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundLow level of responses (low LRs) to alcohol established using the Self‐Report of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) questionnaire are genetically influenced phenotypes related to heavy drinking and alcohol problems. To date, most studies using SREs focused on scores for the number of drinks needed for effects across the first 5 times of drinking (SRE‐5), and few evaluated scores that also included the prior 3 months and heaviest drinking periods (SRE‐T). This paper evaluates characteristics of SRE‐5 and SRE‐T within and across generations.MethodsData were extracted from 407 participants across 2 generations of 107 families in the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS). Pearson's product–moment correlations for SRE‐5 and SRE‐T were determined across first‐degree relatives both within and across generations and sexes, as well as correlations of each measure to maximum drinking quantities and alcohol problems.ResultsResponding to 4 hypotheses, first the analyses demonstrated significant within‐generation positive correlations for both SRE measures across brother–brother and sister–sister pairs as well as cross‐generation correlations for fathers and sons, although correlations for mothers and daughters were not robust. Second, both SRE‐5 and SRE‐T correlated with maximum drinks and alcohol problems for both sexes and both generations. Third, within parental and offspring generations SRE‐T correlated more robustly than SRE‐5 to maximum drinks and alcohol problems. Fourth, across generations SRE values for sons were more closely related to drinking quantities and problems than for their fathers, but the mother–daughter SRE relationships to adverse alcohol characteristics were not different.ConclusionsBoth the SRE‐5 and SRE‐T offered useful information about propensities toward heavier drinking and alcohol problems in SDPS families. Correlations with adverse alcohol outcomes were greater for the more broad‐based SRE‐T, but both scores appeared to be genetically influenced and continue to operate in a robust manner in both generations of these families.
Landscape connectivity and conservation prioritization for an old forest species with limited vagility
Authors: Linnell M. A. , Lesmeister D. B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOld forests are often patchily distributed in contemporary forested landscapes leading to conservation concerns for species dependent on these forest types. In the absence of broad‐scale recovery of old forests, conservation initiatives have emphasized connecting forested landscapes to facilitate movement of genes or individuals. We assessed forest connectivity for a low‐vagile arboreal rodent (red tree vole; Arborimus longicaudus), an obligate of old forests within a distinct population segment that is a candidate for listing under the US Endangered Species Act in the northern Oregon Coast Range (USA). Within the distinct population segment, old forests (>80 years old) have contracted by >80% in the previous century, comprise 10.9% of the contemporary landscape and reside in a matrix of young forests (20–80 years old). We combined complimentary graph and circuit theory metrics into spatial conservation prioritization to provide insights into the composition and function of the contemporary forested landscape and to identify potential conservation and research priorities for this area. Given average distances from patches of old forests (3.4 km), we predicted that connectivity can only be achieved if red tree voles move and settle iteratively through young forest matrix, which is suboptimal habitat. We found that the top 1% conservation priorities were a series of small, spatially central patches and several large patches located where old forest cover was most extensive. Most of these patches were in protected reserves. Up to 30% of the top 10% prioritization were forests outside of reserves, highlighting the potential for these forests to contribute to landscape connectivity for this low‐vagile species that is dependent on old forest.
Pollen exposure at birth and adolescent lung function, and modification by residential greenness
Authors: Lambert Katrina A. , Lodge Caroline , Lowe Adrian J. , Prendergast Luke A. , Thomas Paul S. , Bennett Catherine M. , Abramson Michael J. , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Erbas Bircan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundExposure to high levels of pollen in infancy is a risk factor for allergic respiratory diseases in later childhood, but effects on lung function are not fully understood. We aim to examine associations between grass pollen exposure in the first months of life and lung function at 12 and 18 years, and explore potential modification.MethodsUsing the Melbourne Atopy Cohort Study, a birth cohort of children with a family history of allergic diseases, we modeled the association between cumulative grass pollen exposure up to 3 months after birth, on FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio at 12 and 18 years. We also assessed modifying effects of residential greenness levels (derived from satellite imagery), asthma, and early life sensitization to ryegrass.ResultsGrass pollen exposure in the first 7 days was associated with a reduction in FEV1 (−15.5 mL; 95% CI: −27.6, −3.3 per doubling of pollen count) and FVC (−20.8 mL; −35.4, −6.1) at 12 years, but not at 18 years. Increase in cumulative grass pollen exposure up to 3 months was negatively associated with FVC at 12 and 18. Exposure to high residential greenness modified the association at 18 years.ConclusionEarly exposure to grass pollen was associated with decreased lung function in children and adolescents. Targeted interventions for pollen avoidance strategies that take into account local topography could be implemented alongside other clinical interventions such as immunotherapy.
School leaders’ practices for innovative use of digital technologies in schools
Authors: Håkansson Lindqvist Marcia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSchool leaders’ practices to support the innovative use of digital technologies for teaching and learning and the conditions for technology‐enhanced learning were studied in a 1:1 laptop initiative in two schools over a period of 3 years in Umeå, Sweden. The aim of this paper is to explore, analyze and discuss the possibilities and challenges in the final phase of this 1:1 initiative from the perspective of the school leader. The school leaders saw possibilities in new methods of working, sharing and collaboration, and created a beneficial environment for the use of digital technologies in teaching. The challenges were technical problems, supporting teachers in their work, and finding time to prioritize leadership for the use of digital technologies. How school organizers support school leaders’ practices in creating beneficial conditions for technology‐enhanced learning will be important for how school leaders’ practices support, promote, and advance innovative and sustainable teaching and learning environments through the use of digital technologies.
Inactivation of endothelial adenosine A2A receptors protects mice from cerebral ischaemia‐induced brain injury
Authors: Zhou Yaqi , Zeng Xianqiu , Li Ge , Yang Qiuhua , Xu Jiean , Zhang Min , Mao Xiaoxiao , Cao Yapeng , Wang Lina , Xu Yiming , Wang Yong , Zhang Yu , Xu Zhengshuang , Wu Chaodong , Chen Jiang‐Fan , Hoda Md Nasrul , Liu Zhiping , Hong Mei , Huo Yuqing 
Published: April 2019

Background and PurposeInactivation of the gene for adenosine A2A receptors (ADORA2A for humans and Adora2a for rodents) protects against brain injury in experimental stroke. However, the cell‐specific pathogenic effects of A2A receptors in thromboembolic stroke and the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of endothelial A2A receptors after thromboembolic stroke improves post‐stroke outcomes via down‐regulation of inflammation.Experimental ApproachThromboembolic stroke was induced by embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Post‐stroke outcomes were determined with neurological deficit scoring, infarct volume, inflammatory marker expression, brain leukocyte infiltration, blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and oedema assessment. Anti‐inflammatory effects of silencing the gene for A2A receptors or pharmacological antagonism of these receptors were assessed in vitro.Key ResultsThromboembolic stroke induced Adora2a expression in the brain. Mice globally deficient in Adora2a (Adora2a−/−) were resistant to stroke injury. Mice specifically deficient in endothelial Adora2a (Adora2aΔVEC) showed reduced leukocyte infiltration, BBB leakage, and oedema after stroke, along with attenuated downstream proinflammatory markers, both in vivo and in vitro. The A2A receptor antagonist, KW 6002, also reduced brain injury and inflammation after stroke. Inactivation of ADORA2A inhibited endothelial inflammation via suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome, down‐regulating cleaved caspase 1 and IL‐1β expression.Conclusions and ImplicationsSpecific inactivation of endothelial A2A receptors mitigated ischaemic brain injury and improved post‐stroke outcomes, at least partly, through anti‐inflammatory effects via blockade of NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Our findings may open new approaches to vascular protection after ischaemic stroke.
Stimulation of β‐adrenoceptors up‐regulates cardiac expression of galectin‐3 and BIM through the Hippo signalling pathway
Authors: Zhao Wei‐Bo , Lu Qun , Nguyen My‐Nhan , Su Yidan , Ziemann Mark , Wang Li‐Na , Kiriazis Helen , Puthalakath Hamsa , Sadoshima Junichi , Hu Hou‐Yuan , Du Xiao‐Jun 
Published: April 2019

Background and PurposeExpression of the pro‐fibrotic galectin‐3 and the pro‐apoptotic BIM is elevated in diseased heart or after β‐adrenoceptor stimulation, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This question was addressed in the present study.Experimental ApproachWild‐type mice and mice with cardiac transgenic expression of β2‐adrenoceptors, mammalian sterile‐20 like kinase 1 (Mst1) or dominant‐negative Mst1, and non‐specific galectin‐3 knockout mice were used. Effects of the β‐adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline or β‐adrenoceptor antagonists were studied. Rat cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) were used for mechanistic exploration. Biochemical assays were performed.Key ResultsIsoprenaline treatment up‐regulated expression of galectin‐3 and BIM, and this was inhibited by non‐selective or selective β‐adrenoceptor antagonists (by 60–70%). Cardiac expression of galectin‐3 and BIM was increased in β2‐adrenoceptor transgenic mice. Isoprenaline‐induced up‐regulation of galectin‐3 and BIM was attenuated by Mst1 inactivation, but isoprenaline‐induced galectin‐3 expression was exaggerated by transgenic Mst1 activation. Pharmacological or genetic activation of β‐adrenoceptors induced Mst1 expression and yes‐associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation. YAP hyper‐phosphorylation was also evident in Mst1 transgenic hearts with up‐regulated expression of galectin‐3 (40‐fold) and BIM as well as up‐regulation of many YAP‐target genes by RNA sequencing. In H9c2 cells, isoprenaline induced YAP phosphorylation and expression of galectin‐3 and BIM, effects simulated by forskolin but abolished by PKA inhibitors, and YAP knockdown induced expression of galectin‐3 and BIM.Conclusions and ImplicationsStimulation of cardiac β‐adrenoceptors activated the Mst1/Hippo pathway leading to YAP hyper‐phosphorylation with enhanced expression of galectin‐3 and BIM. This signalling pathway would have therapeutic potential.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors—New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc
Management of primary graft failure after heart transplantation: Preoperative risks, perioperative events, and postoperative decisions
Authors: Truby Lauren K. , DeRoo Scott , Spellman Jessica , Jennings Douglas L. , Takeda Koji , Fine Barry , Restaino Susan , Farr Maryjane 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrimary graft failure (PGF) after heart transplantation (HT) is a devastating and unexpected event characterized by failure of the graft to adequately support recipient circulation necessitating high doses of vasopressors and inotropes and/or temporary mechanical circulatory support. Although it represents an increasingly common event in the current era, there remains a high degree of variability in prevalence, reported risk factors, and approach to this clinical entity. The purpose of the current review is to highlight preoperative considerations including known incidence and risk factors, perioperative issues involving the identification and management of PGF, and postoperative decisions related to weaning of mechanical circulatory support and titration of immunosuppressive therapy. Lastly, we highlight future directions in PGF research, involving basic and translational research, that have the potential to uncover novel strategies of risk stratification and treatment.CaseOur patient is a 53‐year‐old man with end‐stage non‐ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by ventricular tachycardia (VT), post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension, and renal insufficiency. After progressing to NYHA Class IV symptoms, he underwent implantation of a durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as bridge to transplant (BTT). On device support, he developed recurrent VT resulting in multiple defibrillator discharges and hospital admission for intravenous anti‐arrhythmic therapy. He is subsequently upgraded to a higher status on the waiting list. A suitable donor is identified, with an appropriate predicted heart mass and an anticipated ischemic time of <4 hours. He is taken to the operating room, where at the time of anesthesia induction he develops vasodilatory shock, requiring high‐dose vasopressors, and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) support for dissection. After surgical anastomosis, cross clamp removal and reperfusion, graft function is extremely poor, there is significant bradycardia requiring pacing, and the patient is unable to be weaned successfully from CPB. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) is initiated, and the patient is transferred to the intensive care unit. Retrospective flow crossmatch is negative. This patient is suffering from severe primary graft failure.
Cézanne on the Banks of the Marne
Authors: Guyer Paul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe purpose of philosophical aesthetics is not to dictate rules for the evaluation of works of art, but to provide theories of our valuation of art, that is, accounts of the ways in which we value art that can illuminate our experience of it. A sample of what philosophers and philosophical critics over the years, such as R.G. Collingwood, Maurice‐Merleau Ponty, and Clive Bell, have had to say about the painting of Cezanne shows the variety of ways in which we can experience painting such as his, and a work like the Art Galley of New South Wales's beautiful On the Banks of the Marne shows the benefits of a pluralistic rather than monistic approach to the experience of art.
The Task of Art Criticism
Authors: Kassman‐Tod Joseph 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of the task of art criticism. My proposal will be guided by reflection on the following question: if art criticism involves an effort of entering‐in, getting at how and why the artwork matters, then where does this effort cease to be an act of discovery and veer into something added in? I argue that the critic must be interested in both (1) possibilities of sense‐making not taken up by the artist's sense‐making community but that are made available in our engagement with the work of art, and (2) the way that the possibilities for enriched understanding set up by the artwork can be interpreted by us, in ways that matter to us. The task of the critic is to articulate their interpretation of these possibilities.
Non‐Figurative Art in Russia in the Late 20th to 21st Centuries
Authors: Zijing Wu , Blinova Elena K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe article explores Russian non‐figurative art as an overlooked dimension in art history and the role that work played in global art history. Special attention is given to identifying theoretical and practical aspects of the interaction between philosophy and art as specific types of spirituality, understanding their special role in worldview searches of contemporary humans, the formation of a new worldview paradigm. The practical significance of the results obtained consists of the possibility of their use in educational activities, in particular, in preparation of lecture courses on the history of Russian art of the 20th century, as well as the development of special courses on issues of contemporary fine and visual arts in art academies. The materials in the study present practical value for the formation of museum collections and the holding of exhibitions.
Uranium diffusion and time‐dependent adsorption–desorption in soil: A model and experimental testing of the model
Authors: Darmovzalova Jana , Boghi Andrea , Otten Wilfred , Eades Lorna J. , Roose Tiina , Kirk Guy J. D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMost past research on uranium (U) transport and reaction in the environment has been concerned with groundwater contamination and not with uptake by plants or soil biota, both of which operate over much smaller time and distance scales. We developed and tested a model of U diffusion and reaction in soil at scales appropriate for uptake by plant roots, based on a model we developed in an earlier paper. The model allows for the speciation of U with hydroxyl, carbonate and organic ligands in the soil solution, and the nature and kinetics of sorption reactions with the soil solid. The model predictions were compared with experimentally measured concentration–distance profiles of U in soil adjusted to different pHs and CO2 pressures. Excellent agreement between observed and predicted profiles was obtained using model input parameters measured or otherwise estimated independently of the concentration–distance profiles, showing that the model was a correct description of the system and all important processes were allowed for. The importance of the kinetics of U adsorption and desorption for the timescale of diffusion through the soil is highlighted. The results are discussed in terms of the uptake of U by plant root systems, as modelled in the earlier paper.Highlights
We developed a model of U diffusion and reaction in soil on scales relevant to uptake by plant roots.
We tested the model against measured diffusion profiles and obtained excellent agreement.
The kinetics of U adsorption–desorption reactions are important.
Reaction kinetics measured in shaken suspensions or flow‐through systems are likely to be misleading.
Effect of initial soil water content and bulk density on the infiltration and desalination of melting saline ice water in coastal saline soil
Authors: Guo Kai , Liu Xiaojing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the infiltration of melting saline ice water into coastal saline soil with different initial water contents and bulk densities, together with the redistribution of water, salt and salt leaching after infiltration. Three water contents (5, 10 and 15% at a soil bulk density of 1.3 g cm−3) and three bulk density levels (1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 g cm−3 of air‐dry soil) of saline soil were used, with salt‐free ice comprising the control treatment. The results showed that the depth of infiltration with treatment by saline ice was greater than that of salt‐free ice, and increased as the initial soil water content and bulk density decreased. After infiltration, the soil water content in the upper soil layers increased with increasing initial soil water contents and bulk densities. This trend was reversed in the deeper soil layers. After infiltration of the melting ice water, the saline ice treatment resulted in a smaller soil salt content than the salt‐free ice treatment. The salt contents in the upper soil layers decreased with decreasing initial soil water contents and bulk densities. The largest rate of desalting was observed following infiltration of the melting saline ice water into the coastal saline soil with the smallest soil water content and bulk density. These results indicate that although a similar infiltration process was observed when the melting saline ice water and direct saline water infiltrated the saline soil with different soil water contents and bulk densities, the desalting effect of infiltration of the melting saline ice water was greater than that of infiltration of direct saline water and melting salt‐free ice water. Smaller initial water content and bulk density favoured salt leaching under the infiltration of melting saline ice water.Highlights

We evaluated infiltration and soil desalination under melting saline ice into saline soil
Rate of infiltration and depth increased with decreasing initial soil water content and bulk density.
Soil water content in the top soil layer increased with increasing initial water content and bulk density.
Rate of desalting increased with decrease in initial water content and bulk density under infiltration of melting saline ice water.
Increase trend in the prevalence and male‐to‐female ratio of primary biliary cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Mori Mitsuru , Matsumoto Kosuke , Ohira Hiromasa , Tazuma Susumu , Takikawa Hajime 
Published: April 2019

AimAutoimmune liver diseases (AILD) including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) impose a significant burden on public health, and it is important to estimate their prevalence. We carried out a nationwide, hospital‐based, epidemiological survey of AIH, PBC, and PSC, and compared the results with those from previous surveys.MethodWe randomly selected health‐care facilities used in the survey from a list of all facilities in Japan. The selection rate was determined according to a stratification based on the facility characteristics and scale. We sent questionnaires to the selected facilities enquiring about the number and sex of patients with AILD who visited the facility in 2016. An identical survey was undertaken for AIH/PBC in 2004 and for PSC in 2007; we carried out a comparative analysis of these data.ResultsWe selected 1793 departments from health centers all over Japan. Of them, 1078 (60.1%) responded to the questionnaires. The number of reported patients with AIH, PBC, and PSC was 8505, 10 847, and 906, respectively, and point prevalence was 23.9 (95% confidence interval, 23.3–24.5) for AIH (8.7 in 2004), 33.8 (33.0–34.6) for PBC (11.6 in 2004), and 1.80 (1.75–1.85) for PSC (0.95 in 2007) per 100 000 population. Male‐to‐female patient ratio of AILD was 1:4.3 for AIH (1:6.9 in 2004), 1:3.9 for PBC (1:7.1 in 2004), and 1:0.88 for PSC (1:1.4 in 2007).ConclusionThe current study indicates an increasing trend of prevalence as well as male‐to‐female patient ratio of AILD in Japan.