bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose‐finding study of the checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor, prexasertib, in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Iwasa Satoru , Yamamoto Noboru , Shitara Kohei , Tamura Kenji , Matsubara Nobuaki , Tajimi Masaomi , Lin Aimee B. , Asou Hiroya , Cai Zhihong , Inoue Koichi , Shibasaki Yuko , Saito Kanako , Takai Hiroki , Doi Toshihiko 
Published: July 2018

Prexasertib is a novel inhibitor of checkpoint kinase 1. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate prexasertib tolerability in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. This nonrandomized single‐arm open‐label phase 1 study of prexasertib consisted of 2 dose levels, 80 mg/m2 and the global‐recommended dose based on a US study of 105 mg/m2, administered intravenously once every 14 days (n = 6 for each dose). Transition to the higher dose proceeded if the frequency of dose‐limiting toxicity observed in cycle 1 was <33% at the lower dose. Safety measures, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity were assessed. A total of 12 patients were treated. Two patients, one in each dose group, experienced dose‐limiting toxicities of febrile neutropenia, one grade 4 and the other grade 3; both patients recovered and continued the study treatment. The grade 4 treatment‐emergent adverse events related to study treatment were neutropenia (6 patients [50.0%]), leukopenia (4 patients [33.3%]), and 1 instance each (8.3%) of anemia, febrile neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Neutropenia was generally transient and reversible; 11 patients (91.7%) required granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor treatment during the study. There were no discontinuations due to adverse events or deaths. The prexasertib pharmacokinetics displayed dose‐independent and time‐independent behavior across both dose levels, similar to the profile observed in the US‐based phase 1 study. Eight patients had a best overall response of stable disease. These data are consistent with the known safety profile for prexasertib and confirm its tolerability in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors.
In vitro evaluation of barrier function against oral bacteria of dense and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes for guided bone regeneration
Authors: Trobos Margarita , Juhlin Annika , Shah Furqan A. , Hoffman Maria , Sahlin Herman , Dahlin Christer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThis study evaluates biofilm formation and barrier function against Streptococcus oralis of nonresorbable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) guided bone regeneration membranes having expanded (e‐PTFE) and dense (d‐PTFE) microstructure.Materials and MethodsThree e‐PTFE membranes of varying openness, one d‐PTFE membrane, and commercially pure titanium discs were evaluated. All e‐PTFE membranes consisted of PTFE nodes interconnected by fibrils. The d‐PTFE membrane was fibril‐free, with large evenly spaced indentations. The surfaces were challenged with S. oralis and incubated statically for 2‐48h. Bacterial colonization, viability, and penetration were evaluated.Results
S. oralis numbers increased over time on all surfaces, as observed using scanning electron microscopy, while cell viability decreased, as measured by colony forming unit (CFU) counting. At 24h and 48h, biofilms on d‐PTFE were more mature and thicker (tower formations) than on e‐PTFE, where fewer layers of cells were distributed mainly horizontally. Biofilms accumulated preferentially within d‐PTFE membrane indentations. At 48h, greater biofilm biomass and number of viable S. oralis were found on d‐PTFE compared to e‐PTFE membranes. All membranes were impermeable to S. oralis cells.ConclusionsAll PTFE membranes were effective barriers against bacterial passage in vitro. However, d‐PTFE favored S. oralis biofilm formation.
The micromechanical behavior of implant‐abutment connections under a dynamic load protocol
Authors: Zipprich Holger , Weigl Paul , Ratka Christoph , Lange Bodo , Lauer Hans‐Christoph 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe implant‐abutment connection (IAC) is known to be a key factor for the long‐term stability of peri‐implant tissue.PurposeThe aim of the present in vitro study was to detect and measure the mechanical behavior of different IACs by X‐ray imaging.Materials and MethodsA total of 20 different implant systems with various implant dimensions and IACs (13 conical‐, 6 flat‐, and 1 gable‐like IAC) have been tested using a chewing device simulating dynamic and static loading up to 200 N. Micromovements have been recorded with a high‐resolution, high‐speed X‐ray camera, and gap length and gap width between implant and abutment have been calculated. Furthermore, X‐ray video sequences have been recorded to investigate the sealing capacity of different IACs.ResultsOut of the 20 implant systems, eight implant systems with a conical IAC showed no measurable gaps under static and dynamic loading (200 N). By contrast, all investigated implant systems with a flat IAC showed measurable gaps under dynamic and static loading. X‐ray video sequences revealed that a representative conical IAC had sufficient sealing capacity.ConclusionWithin the limits of the present in vitro study, X‐ray imaging showed reduced formation of microgaps and consecutive micromovements in implants with conical IAC compared to flat IACs.
Current behavioral assessments of movement disorders in children
Authors: Asakawa Tetsuya , Sugiyama Kenji , Nozaki Takao , Sameshima Tetsuro , Kobayashi Susumu , Wang Liang , Hong Zhen , Chen Shu‐Jiao , Li Can‐Dong , Ding Ding , Namba Hiroki 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPediatric movement disorders (PMDs) are common and have recently received increasing attention. As these disorders have special clinical features, the selection of appropriate behavioral assessment tools that can clearly distinguish movement disorders from other diseases (eg, epilepsy and neuromuscular disorders) is crucial for achieving an accurate diagnosis and treatment. However, few studies have focused on behavioral assessments in children. The present report attempts to provide a critical review of the available subjective and objective assessment tests for commonPMDs. We believe that the principles of objectification, multi‐purpose use, and simplification are also applicable to the selection and development of satisfactory pediatric behavioral assessment tools. We expect that the development of wearable sensors, virtual reality, and augmented reality will lead to the establishment of more reliable and simple tests. In addition, more rigorous randomized controlled trials that have been specifically designed to evaluate behavioral testing in children are also expected in the future.
Standardized reporting of the costs of management interventions for biodiversity conservation
Authors: Iacona Gwenllian D. , Sutherland William J. , Mappin Bonnie , Adams Vanessa M. , Armsworth Paul R. , Coleshaw Tim , Cook Carly , Craigie Ian , Dicks Lynn V. , Fitzsimons James A. , McGowan Jennifer , Plumptre Andrew J. , Polak Tal , Pullin Andrew S. , Ringma Jeremy , Rushworth Ian , Santangeli Andrea , Stewart Annette , Tulloch Ayesha , Walsh Jessica C. , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEffective conservation management interventions must combat threats and deliver benefits at costs that can be achieved within limited budgets. Considerable effort has focused on measuring the potential benefits of conservation interventions, but explicit quantification of the financial costs of implementation is rare. Even when costs have been quantified, haphazard and inconsistent reporting means published values are difficult to interpret. This reporting deficiency hinders progress toward a collective understanding of the financial costs of management interventions across projects and thus limits the ability to identify efficient solutions to conservation problems or attract adequate funding. We devised a standardized approach to describing financial costs reported for conservation interventions. The standards call for researchers and practitioners to describe the objective and outcome, context and methods, and scale of costed interventions, and to state which categories of costs are included and the currency and date for reported costs. These standards aim to provide enough contextual information that readers and future users can interpret the cost data appropriately. We suggest these standards be adopted by major conservation organizations, conservation science institutions, and journals so that cost reporting is comparable among studies. This would support shared learning and enhance the ability to identify and perform cost‐effective conservation.
Semantic detail in the developing verb lexicon: An extension of Naigles and Kako (1993)
Authors: Arunachalam Sudha , Dennis Shaun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVerbs are often uttered before the events they describe. By 2 years of age, toddlers can learn from such an encounter. Hearing a novel verb in transitive sentences (e.g. The boy lorped the cat), even with no visual referent present, they later map it to a causative meaning (e.g. feed) (e.g. Yuan & Fisher, ). How much semantic detail does their verb representation include on this first, underinformative, encounter? Is the representation sparse, including only information for which they have evidence, or do toddlers make more specific guesses about the verb's meaning? In two experiments (N = 76, mean age 27 months), we address this using an event type studied by Naigles and Kako (); they found that when toddlers hear a novel transitive verb while simultaneously viewing a non‐causative referent—a contact event such as patting—they map the verb to the contact event. In Experiment 1 we replicated this basic result. Further, toddlers’ representations persisted over a 5‐minute delay, manifesting again during a retest. In Experiment 2, toddlers heard the verbs while watching two actors converse instead of while seeing contact events. At test, they showed no evidence of mapping the verbs to contact events, either initially or after a 5‐minute delay, despite that in prior work they mapped verbs to causative events under identical circumstances. We infer that on hearing a novel verb in a transitive frame, absent a relevant visual scene, toddlers posit a more specific representation than the evidence requires—one that incorporates causative semantics. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/aRCqSTbr6Bw
The intentionality and intelligibility of moods
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article offers an account of moods as distinctive kinds of personal level affective–evaluative states, which are both intentional and rationally intelligible in specific ways. The account contrasts with those who claim moods are non‐intentional, and so also arational. Section 2 provides a conception of intentionality and distinguishes moods, as occurrent experiential states, from other states in the affective domain. Section 3 argues moods target the subject's total environment presented in a specific evaluative light through felt valenced attitudes (the Mood‐Intentionality thesis). Section 4 argues some moods are experienced as rationally intelligible responses, and so epistemically appropriate, to the way “the world” presents itself (the Mood‐Intelligibility thesis). Finally, Section 5 discusses the epistemology of moods.
Bunny Hill or Black Diamond: Differences in Advanced Course‐Taking in College as a Function of Cognitive Ability and High School GPA
Authors: Shewach Oren R. , McNeal Kyle D. , Kuncel Nathan R. , Sackett Paul R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCollege students commonly have considerable course choice, and they can differ substantially in the proportion of their coursework taken at an advanced level. While advanced coursework is generally viewed as a desirable component of a student's education, research has rarely explored differences in student course‐taking patterns as a measure of academic success in college. We examined the relationship between the SAT, high school grade point average (HSGPA), and the amount of advanced coursework taken in a sample of 62 colleges and 188,985 students. We found that both the SAT and HSGPA predict enrollment in advanced courses, even after controlling for advanced placement (AP) credits and demographic variables. The SAT subtests of Critical Reading, Writing, and Math displayed differential relationships with advanced course‐taking dependent on student major. Gender and race/ethnicity were also related to advanced course‐taking, with women taking more advanced courses in all major categories except for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) where they took fewer, even after controlling for other variables. Socioeconomic status had a negligible relationship with advanced course‐taking. This research broadens our understanding of academic achievement in college and the goals of admissions in higher education.
Watch Your Basket ‐ to Determine CEO Compensation
Authors: Galpin Neal , Jung Hae Won (Henny) , Moore Lyndon , Volkova Ekaterina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCEOs (chief executive officers) are paid more if they outperform other firms in their blockholders’ portfolios. For every percentage point by which their own firm's return exceeds the return of the largest blockholder's basket of investments in a year, their compensation increases by over $9,800. Once we benchmark to this portfolio, industry returns and own firm returns are of little importance. When the firm is a larger portion of the blockholder's portfolio and when the blockholder is experienced, the reward for outperforming the blockholder's portfolio is greater. Our results are robust to alternate industry classifications and definitions of blockholders.
No deaths in the desert: predicted responses of an arid‐adapted bee and its two nesting trees suggest resilience in the face of warming climates
Authors: Silva Daniel Paiva , Dew Rebecca M. , Vilela Bruno , Stevens Mark I. , Schwarz Michael P. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Species distribution modelling (SDM) has been applied to multiple bee species to examine how they may respond to future climate change. Those studies indicate a variety of likely responses to a warming climate. No SDM approaches, however, have been undertaken for arid‐adapted bees, despite their enormous diversity in xeric habitats.

We applied SDM to an arid‐zone allodapine bee, Exoneurella tridentata Houston, 1976 (Apidae: Allodapini), and the two tree species it depends on for nesting substrate, Alectryon oleifolius (Desf.) S.T. Reynolds (Sapindaceae) and Acacia papyrocarpa Benth. (Fabaceae).

Because of the complete dependency of this bee on these trees, there is the possibility that its vulnerability to climate change may be greater than for bee species that have broader nesting niches, such as ground or non‐specific cavity nesting. Using a variety of future climate scenarios, both optimistic and pessimistic, and also the bee's nest plant species as predictor variables of its distribution in some modelling runs, we find that both tree species and E. tridentata are likely to be resilient to future climates.

Our findings suggest that for Australian arid‐zone bees, at least vulnerability to future climate change may be very different than that for tropical or temperate taxa.
Investigating the impact of young consumers’ religiosity on digital piracy
Authors: Arli Denni , Tjiptono Fandy , Casidy Riza , Phau Ian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the current study is to explore the influence of young consumers’ religiosity on their attitude and intention towards digital piracy. Despite continuous efforts from the government and industries, global digital piracy is still on the rise with developing countries leading the way of the most pirated nations. Interestingly, religiosity is also highest in developing countries which is the focal aim of this study. Using a sample from Indonesia (n = 576), the largest Muslim population in the world, the present study found that religiosity significantly influences consumers’ attitude towards digital piracy, where consumers who are less religious are more receptive towards digital piracy. The results of this study will have important implications to religious leaders, software and music industry and public policymakers operating in developing countries.
Technological change and employment in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico: Which workers are most affected?
Authors: ARIZA John , RAYMOND BARA Josep Lluís 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article adopts a task‐based approach to analyse employment patterns in terms of skill distribution and occupations in the urban labour markets of Brazil, Colombia and Mexico during 2002–15. The results suggest that employment fell strongly for some medium‐skilled occupations, and increased slightly for both low‐skilled and high‐skilled occupations. Decomposition results suggest that the decreasing share of employment of secretaries and stenographers is fully explained by changes within industries (routinization hypothesis), whereas the decrease in machinery operation and handicraft jobs is mainly explained by changes between industries. By socio‐demographic group, technological changes negatively affected women but benefited younger workers and those with higher educational attainment.
The terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway directly affects the biosynthesis of alarm pheromone in the aphid
Authors: Sun Z.‐J. , Li Z.‐X. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway is responsible for the synthesis of different backbones for terpenoids; (E)‐β‐farnesene (EβF), a sesquiterpene, is the major component of aphid alarm pheromone. Our previous studies eliminated the possibility of host plants and endosymbionts as the sources of EβF, and we thus speculate that the terpenoid pathway might affect the biosynthesis of EβF in aphids. First, the transcriptional responses of four genes encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) and decaprenyl diphosphate synthase in the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii to simulated stimulation were analysed using quantitative real‐time PCR, showing an immediate decrease in the transcript abundances of the four genes. Next, RNA‐interference‐mediated gene knockdown was performed, indicating that fpps knockdown caused a significant cost in terms of body size and fecundity. Finally, an association analysis of gene knockdown with the amount of EβF was conducted, revealing that the concentration of EβF per milligram of aphid was drastically decreased in response to fpps knockdown, whereas ggpps knockdown significantly raised the concentration of EβF. Our data support a peculiar mode of biosynthesis and storage of the aphid alarm pheromone that relies directly on the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway in the aphid.
Arterial stiffness in elderly patients with normotension and hypertension in Brazil
Authors: de Mendonça Guilherme Silva , de Souza Denis Fabiano , de Alvarenga Cunha Brunelli Ana Cláudia , de Oliveira Peres Cristina Ila , Freitas Ercilhana Gonçalves Batista , Lacerda Gabriela Nolasco , Dorneles Michelle Caixeta , Peixoto Aldo José , Ferreira‐Filho Sebastião Rodrigues 
Published: July 2018

Data on arterial stiffness in older populations, according to blood pressure (BP) levels, are scarce in Brazil. The objective of this study was to establish reference values for core measures of arterial stiffness, including carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV) and aortic augmentation index (AIx), in a cohort of older individuals with normotension (NT) and hypertension. Cross‐sectional analysis was performed with applanation tonometry data from 1192 patients aged 60 years or older. The authors classified patients according to their BP levels as having NT, controlled hypertension (CH), and uncontrolled hypertension (UH). The cf‐PWV values were 9.11 ± 0.16 m/s (NT), 9.12 ± 0.18 m/s (CH), and 9.42 ± 2.2 m/s (UH) (P < 0.005; UH vs NT and CH). The AIx was 33.3% for the entire cohort and similar across all groups. The cf‐PWV increased with age but reached a ceiling at 75 years. Compared with men, women had a higher AIx but similar cf‐PWV levels. In conclusion, the markers of arterial stiffness were similar among individuals with NT/CH and higher among individuals with UH.
Molecular tracing confirms that infection with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus follows the smolt from hatchery to grow‐out farm
Authors: Kristoffersen Anja B. , Devold Magnus , Aspehaug Vidar , Gjelstenli Ove , Breck Olav , Bang Jensen Britt 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInfectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is an important restraint to production of salmonids in aquaculture globally. In order to implement efficacious mitigation strategies for control of this disease, it is important to understand infection routes under current production systems. IPN virus has been shown to be transmitted vertically in Rainbow trout, from broodstock to fingerlings in hatcheries, and there is circumstantial evidence suggesting that vertical transmission can also occur in Atlantic salmon, in addition to horizontal transmission between grow‐out fish in farms. In this study, we show that the smolt carries infection with IPN from hatchery to the marine farm. We do this by comparing sequences from fish groups taken both in hatcheries and on corresponding marine grow‐out farms. We use statistical analysis to prove that sequences obtained from the same fish group in both hatchery and marine farm are more similar than sequences obtained from random fish groups on hatcheries and marine farms.
Monetary Policy and Investment Dynamics: Evidence from Disaggregate Data
Authors: GIVENS GREGORY E. , REED ROBERT R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe use data on the components of private fixed investment (PFI) to estimate industry‐level responses of real investment and capital prices to unanticipated monetary policy. The response functions derive from a restricted large‐scale vector autoregression. Results point to significant cross‐sector heterogeneity in PFI prices and quantities, which we interpret as evidence of asymmetry in the transmission mechanism. For assets belonging to the equipment category of fixed investment, we find that quantities rather than prices absorb most of the fallout from a policy innovation. By contrast, price effects tend to be higher and output effects lower for nonresidential structures.