bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy lesson of the brain and cerebral membranes captured on canvas by Rembrandt in 1656
Authors: IJpma F F A , van Gulik T M 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Published online in Wiley Online Library (www.bjs.co.uk). DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10610
The Anatomy Lesson of Jan Deijman, painted by Rembrandt in 1656, is one of the most extraordinary historical paintings recording an anatomical demonstration of the brain and the cerebral membranes. This painting belongs to the series of group portraits made for the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons in the 17th and 18th centuries. Unfortunately, the painting was seriously damaged by a fire in the boardroom of the Surgeons' Guild in 1723. The original painting once measured at least five times the size of what is left of it today after large pieces of burned canvas had to be removed during the restoration process. Lying on the dissection table is the body of an executed criminal. Doctor Deijman, lecturer in anatomy of the Surgeons' Guild, is standing behind the corpse while performing the anatomical dissection. The abdominal organs have been removed, and the brain and cerebral membranes are about to be dissected. The nature of the depicted anatomical structures was assessed recently. This revealed that, by showing the falx cerebri, Rembrandt at the same time probably concealed a memento mori message in his masterpiece.
Read more about the stories behind this masterpiece in an essay online.
Formation of Polymeric Particles by Direct Polymerization on the Surface of a Supramolecular Template
Authors: Li Mao , Zellermann Elio , Schmuck Carsten 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFormation of polymeric materials on the surface of supramolecular assemblies is rather challenging because of the often weak noncovalent interactions between the self‐assembled template and the monomers before polymerization. We herein show that the introduction of a supramolecular anion recognition motif, the guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole cation (GCP), into a short Fmoc‐dipeptide 1 leads to self‐assembled spherical nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Negatively charged diacetylene monomers can be attached onto the surface of these nanoparticles, which, after UV polymerization, leads to the formation of a polymer shell around the self‐assembled template. The hybrid supramolecular and polymeric nanoparticles demonstrate intriguing thermal hysteresis phenomena. The template nanoparticles could be disassembled upon treatment with organic base, which cleaved the Fmoc moiety on 1. This strategy thus showed that a supramolecular anion recognition motif allows the post‐assembly formation of polymeric nanomaterials from anionic monomers around a cationic self‐assembled template.
Exact Particle Size and Shape Analysis in One Instrument: Combination of Static Light Scattering and Dynamic Image Analysis
Authors: Schleife Frederik , Klank Dietmar , Oetzel Christian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBei der Bestimmung der Partikelgrößenverteilung wird häufig Laserbeugung eingesetzt. Neben den vielen Vorteilen dieser Methode, wie kurze Messdauer und breiter Messbereich, gibt es jedoch auch Schwächen. So zeigen sich besonders bei sehr breiten Verteilungen signifikante, statistische Ungenauigkeiten. Mit dem Bettersizer S3 Plus konnte erstmals gleichzeitig die Partikelgrößenverteilung von Nanometer‐, Mikrometer‐ und Millimeterteilchen exakt bestimmt und Einzelteilcheninformationen über das Überkorn und Agglomerationsphänomene gewonnen werden. Die Vorteile der Kombination von statischer Lichtstreuung mit dynamischer Bildanalyse werden anhand eines Beispiels demonstriert.
Efficient and Stable Inverted Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Triphenylamine Hole‐Transporting Material
Authors: Chen Rui , Bu Tongle , Li Jing , Li Wei , Zhou Peng , Liu Xueping , Ku Zhiliang , Zhong Jie , Peng Yong , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a p‐i‐n structure have attracted great attention. Normally, inorganic p‐type metal oxides or polymers are used as the hole‐transport material (HTM), a vital component in the inverted PSCs. However, this type of HTM often requires high processing temperatures and/or high costs. On the other hand, a commonly used organic HTM, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), is sensitive to humidity and thus affects the stability of the PSCs. Herein, we employ a small molecule, 4,4′,4′′‐tris(N‐3‐methylphenyl‐N‐phenylamino) triphenylamine (m‐MTDATA) to replace PEDOT:PSS as a new HTM for inverted PSCs. Compared to a PEDOT:PSS‐based device, m‐MTDATA‐based PSCs exhibit enhanced performance. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) was notably improved from 13.44 % (PEDOT:PSS) to 18.12 % (m‐MTDATA), suggesting that m‐MTDATA could be an efficient HTM to achieve high performance inverted PSCs. Furthermore, the m‐MTDATA‐based device demonstrated improved stability (retaining 90 % PCE) under ambient conditions over 1000 h compared with the PEDOT:PSS‐based devices (retaining 40 % PCE).
Cyto‐morphologic spectrum of thyroid lesions in children
Authors: Pathak Priya , Sharma Pooja , Daga Aditi , Sharma Sonal 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionFine needle aspiration (FNA) is routinely used in triaging thyroid lesions in adults. However, role of FNA in pediatric thyroid lesions is less studied.Aim and objectiveTo study the cyto‐morphologic spectrum of thyroid lesions in pediatric population.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis (duration‐6 years) of thyroid FNA for patients who were 18 years or younger was conducted. The aspirates were classified according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Cytopathology.ResultsA total of 2716 thyroid aspirates were reviewed, out of which 327 (12%) were pediatric thyroid FNAs performed on 301 patients. Of these 256 (85%) were females and 45 (15%) were male patients. Aspirates were classified as follows: Nondiagnostic—30 (10%), Benign—260 (86%), Atypia of undetermined significance—6 (2%), Suspicious of follicular neoplasm—0 (0%), Suspicious of malignancy—0 (0%), Malignant—5 (2%). Out of the 253 benign lesions, 153 (58%) were spectrum of colloid goitre, 106 (42%) were Lymphocytic thyroiditis and 1(0.5%) was granulomatous thyroiditis (0.5%).ConclusionThyroid disorders are fairly common in children. Majority of these are benign in nature of which most common are spectrum of colloid goitre. With the benefits of being a noninvasive procedure and cost effective, FNA is a reliable method for screening and diagnosis of thyroid lesions in pediatric population.
Ecological momentary assessment of maladaptive eating in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity
Authors: Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Smith Kathryn E. , Crosby Ross D. , Boyd Hope K. , Dougherty Elizabeth , Engel Scott G. , Haedt‐Matt Alissa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesContextual factors related to maladaptive eating behavior in youth with overweight/obesity are poorly understood. This pilot study sought to elucidate immediate internal and external cues related to perceptions of overeating and loss of control (LOC) over eating in a heterogeneous sample of children and adolescents with overweight/obesity assessed in their natural environments.MethodCommunity‐based youth [N = 40; 55% female (n = 22)], aged 8–14 y (M age = 11.2 ± 1.9 y), with overweight/obesity (M z‐BMI = 2.07 ± 0.49) reported on all eating episodes and their physiological, environmental, affective, and interpersonal antecedents and correlates via ecological momentary assessment over a 2‐week period. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the relationship between contextual variables and degree of overeating and LOC.ResultsEating occasions involving greater food hedonics (i.e., perceived palatability of food being consumed) were associated with greater LOC severity (within‐subjects effect: B = 0.01, p = .015), although youth with lower overall levels of food hedonics reported higher LOC severity ratings on average (between‐subjects effect: B = –0.04, p = .005). Youth reporting higher overall cravings reported higher average ratings of LOC severity (between‐subjects effect: B = 0.20, p = .001). Finally, youth reporting greater overall influence of others on eating behavior evidenced greater average levels of overeating severity (between‐subjects effect: B = 0.17, p < .001).DiscussionEating‐related factors appear to be most strongly associated with LOC severity, while environmental factors were most associated with overeating severity. Interventions targeting maladaptive eating in youth with overweight/obesity may benefit from helping youth incorporate palatable foods and satisfy cravings in a planned and controlled manner, and enhancing awareness of social‐contextual effects on eating.
Correlates of suicidal ideation in college women with eating disorders
Authors: Goel Neha J. , Sadeh‐Sharvit Shiri , Flatt Rachael E. , Trockel Mickey , Balantekin Katherine N. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Monterubio Grace E. , Firebaugh Marie-Laure , Jacobi Corinna , Wilfley Denise E. , Taylor C. Barr 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the correlates of suicidal ideation (SI) in a large sample of college women with eating disorders (EDs).MethodA total of 690 female college students from 28 US colleges who screened positive for an ED, with the exception of anorexia nervosa, were assessed for SI. Univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent correlates of SI. Measures included: ED psychopathology, ED behaviors (i.e., binge eating, vomiting, laxatives, compulsive exercise), current co‐morbid psychopathology (i.e., depression, anxiety, insomnia), weight/shape concerns, ED‐related clinical impairment, and body mass index (BMI). All significant variables were included in a backward binary multivariate logistic regression model to determine which variables were most strongly associated with SI.ResultsA total of 25.6% of the sample reported SI. All variables examined were significantly independently associated with SI, with the exception of compulsive exercise. Depression, anxiety, and vomiting remained as significant correlates of SI in the multivariate logistic regression model.DiscussionED screening on college campuses should assess for suicidality, and prevention and treatment efforts should target vomiting and co‐morbid depression and anxiety symptoms to reduce risk of SI for high‐risk individuals.
Geothermal field and deep thermal structure of the Tianshan‐Altun region
Authors: Yu Qiang , Ren Zhanli , Wang Baojiang , Zheng Wenbo , Tao Ni 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the characteristics of geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow in the Tianshan‐Altun region on the basis of available published data, such as geothermal gradient, measured temperature during oil test producing, rock thermophysics, and heat flow. Based on the steady‐state heat conduction equation, this paper has set up a 3D model by adopting basin modelling method to carry out deep temperature field simulation, with the aim to determine deep thermal structural parameters, the lithospheric thermal thickness, and the crustal contribution rate to the terrestrial heat flow. The geological section of Golmud‐Ejin Banner and the geological section of West Kunlun‐Tarim‐Tianshan were selected to represent the regional temperature and its thermal structure. The results show that the Tianshan‐Altun region has a low temperature geothermal field (averaging temperature gradient 2.2 °C/100 m, heat flow 56.3 mW/m2). The Qaidam Basin has the highest value (averaging 3.2 °C/100 m, 57.4 mW/m2). The lithospheric thermal thickness of the Tianshan‐Altun region is between 110 and 210 km. There are great differences of lithospheric thermal thickness on both sides of the Altun‐Tagh Fault. The west has thicker thermal lithospheric thickness (160–210 km) than the east (110–180 km). The contribution rate of the crust to the terrestrial heat flow decreases in the following order: the Qaidam Basin, the Jiudong Basin, the Jungger Basin, the Tarim Basin, and the Tuha Basin. Sedimentary basins have higher temperature and thinner thermal lithosphere than tectonic orogens when at the same depth. It can be observed that great thermal differences exist on both sides of the Altun‐Tagh Fault. There are relative similarities of low temperature, deeper thermal structure, and thicker lithospheric thermal thickness among the Tarim Basin, the Junggar Basin, and the Yining Basin in a wide geological area because of their shared deep geological basement. The Qaidam Basin and the Hexi Corridor Basin, which are located to the east of Altun‐Tagh Fault, have higher thermal background.
Management of leaking tracheoesophageal puncture with hyaluronic acid injection
Authors: Twomey Kevin , Lehn Belinda , Vasani Sarju 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundTracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) with voice prosthesis is a widely used technique for voice restoration in laryngectomy and pharyngolaryngectomy patients. Complications include leakage around the prosthesis or a persistent TEP postremoval of the prosthesis.MethodsWe describe a method for managing leakage around voice prosthesis or persistent TEP using hyaluronic acid injection. We also present a retrospective audit of our practice.ResultsThis study had 8 patients who were treated over a 32‐month period. All cases had immediate cessation of salivary leak. Duration of efficacy was variable. Five of the 8 cases had permanent resolution of their symptoms after multiple injections. Two cases of persistent TEP were treated surgically after multiple injections. One patient with peripheral leakage continues to have regular injections.ConclusionHyaluronic acid injection in the treatment of persistent TEP or peripheral leak around a voice prosthesis is a useful treatment option to provide immediate and occasionally long‐lasting relief from symptoms.
Elevated expression of keratin 17 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with decreased survival
Authors: Regenbogen Elliot , Mo Michelle , Romeiser Jamie , Shroyer A. Laurie W. , Escobar‐Hoyos Luisa F. , Burke Stephanie , Shroyer Kenneth R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundOverexpression of keratin 17 (K17) is highly associated with poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the cervix. This study was performed to (1) determine whether K17 may be a prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and (2) to establish if K17 expression is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) status.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining was performed for K17 of oral, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal SCCs, and normal oropharyngeal mucosa. The HPV status was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsElevated K17 expression was significantly associated with an overall decreased patient survival (P = .02) and, more specifically, in patients with oropharyngeal SCC (P = .01). When controlling for HPV status and tumor location K17 was still a significant predictor of survival (P = .01).ConclusionTherefore, K17 is a novel prognostic biomarker of poor survival for patients with HNSCCs, controlling for anatomic site and HPV status.
Tongue cancer epidemiology in Brazil: incidence, morbidity and mortality
Authors: Cohen Goldemberg Daniel , de Araújo Luiz Henrique Lima , Antunes Héliton Spindola , de Melo Andreia Cristina , Santos Thuler Luiz Claudio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this current research was to clarify for the scientific community the trends of tongue cancer epidemiology in Brazil.MethodsThe data came from Population Based Cancer Registries, Hospital Cancer Registries, and Mortality Information System from 2000 to 2014.ResultsThe age‐adjusted incidence rate are increasing in both men and women for base of tongue cancer and for other and unspecified parts of the tongue in women, and decreasing in men for other and unspecified parts of the tongue. The majority of cases were diagnosed at clinical stages III and IV. The mortality rate remained relatively stable in both men and women in the period studied.ConclusionThe increase in age‐adjusted incidence rate for tongue cancers (except for other and unspecified parts of the tongue in men), with most patients over 50 years of age, with low education levels, and advanced disease reinforces the need for interventions that address access to health promotion resources and medical care in Brazil.
Discriminating gastric cancer and gastric ulcer using human plasma amino acid metabolic profile
Authors: Jing Fangyu , Hu Xin , Cao Yunfeng , Xu Minghao , Wang Yuanyuan , Jing Yu , Hu Xiaodan , Gao Yu , Zhu Zhitu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPatients with gastric ulcer (GU) have a significantly higher risk of developing gastric cancer (GC), especially within 2 years after diagnosis. The main way to improve the prognosis of GC is to predict the tumorigenesis and metastasis in the early stage. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the ability of human plasma amino acid metabolic profile for discriminating GC and GU. In this study, we first used liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry technique to characterize the plasma amino acid metabolism in GC and GU patients. Plasma samples were collected from 84 GC patients and 82 GU patients, and 22 amino acids were detected in each patient. Partial least squares‐discriminant analysis model was performed to analyze the data of these amino acids. We observed seven differential amino acids between GC and GU. A regression analysis model was established using these seven amino acids. Finally, a panel of five differential amino acids, including glutamine, ornithine, histidine, arginine and tryptophan, was identified for discriminating GC and GU with good specificity and sensitivity. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate diagnostic ability of the regression model and area under the curve was 0.922. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential values of plasma amino acid metabolic profile and metabolomic analysis technique in assisting diagnosis of GC. More studies are needed to highlight the theoretical strengths of metabolomics to understand the potential metabolic mechanisms in GC. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(6):553–562, 2018
Parathyroid hormone‐induced down‐regulation of miR‐532‐5p for matrix metalloproteinase‐13 expression in rat osteoblasts
Authors: Mohanakrishnan Vishal , Balasubramanian Arumugam , Mahalingam Gokulnath , Partridge Nicola Chennell , Ramachandran Ilangovan , Selvamurugan Nagarajan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractParathyroid hormone (PTH) acts on osteoblasts and functions as an essential regulator of calcium homeostasis and as a mediator of bone remodeling. We previously reported that PTH stimulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13) in rat osteoblasts and that MMP‐13 plays a key role in bone remodeling, endochondral bone formation, and bone repair. Recent evidence indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) have regulatory functions in bone metabolism. In this study, we hypothesized that the down‐regulation of miRNAs that target MMP‐13 by PTH leads to the stimulation of MMP‐13 expression in osteoblasts. We used various bioinformatic tools to identify miRNAs that putatively target rat MMP‐13. Among these miRNAs, the expression of miR‐532‐5p in rat osteoblasts decreased at 4 h of PTH‐treatment, whereas MMP‐13 mRNA expression was maximal at the same time point. When an miR‐532‐5p mimic was transiently transfected into UMR‐106‐01 cells, MMP‐13 mRNA and protein expression decreased. Using a luciferase reporter assay system, we also identified that miR‐532‐5p directly targeted the 3′ UTRs of MMP‐13 gene. Based on these results, we suggest that PTH‐induced down‐regulation of miR‐532‐5p resulted in the stimulation of MMP‐13 expression in rat osteoblasts. This study identified a significant role of miRNA in controlling bone remodeling via PTH‐stimulated MMP‐13 expression. This finding enhances our understanding of bone metabolism and bone‐related diseases and it could provide information regarding the usage of miRNAs as therapeutic agents or biomarkers.
Aberrant expression of LncRNA‐MIR31HG regulates cell migration and proliferation by affecting miR‐31 and miR‐31* in Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: Cai Peng , Li Hongxing , Huo Weiwei , Zhu Hairong , Xu Chao , Zang Rujin , Lv Wei , Xia Yankai , Tang Weibing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a birth defect that causes a failure of the enteric nervous system to cover the distal gut during early embryonic development. Evidence shows that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNA) play important roles in HSCR. The MIR31 host gene (MIR31HG), also known as Loc554202, is a long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), which acts as the host gene of (microRNA) miR‐31 and miR‐31*. There have been no studies regarding its function in early developmental defects during pregnancy, and its downstream genetic receptors. We report that downregulation of MIR31HG inhibited migration and proliferation in 293T and SH‐SY5Y cell lines, by suppressing miR‐31 and miR‐31*. Moreover, the downregulation of miR‐31 and miR‐31* enhanced inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 5 (ITIH5) and the phosphatidylinositol‐4, 5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic gamma subunit (PIK3CG), respectively with reductions of cell migration and proliferation in 293T and SH‐SY5Y cell lines. In addition, synergistic actions were observed between miR‐31 and miR‐31* in cell migration and proliferation. Our results demonstrated that the MIR31HG‐miR‐31/31*‐ITIH5/PIK3CG pathway plays a role in the pathogenesis of HSCR.
Virologic failure and mortality in older ART initiators in a multisite Latin American and Caribbean Cohort
Authors: Carriquiry Gabriela , Giganti Mark J , Castilho Jessica L , Jayathilake Karu , Cahn Pedro , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Cortes Claudia , Pape Jean W , Padgett Denis , Sierra‐Madero Juan , McGowan Catherine C , Shepherd Bryan E , Gotuzzo Eduardo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe “greying” of the HIV epidemic necessitates a better understanding of the healthcare needs of older HIV‐positive adults. As these individuals age, it is unclear whether comorbidities and their associated therapies or the ageing process itself alter the response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this study, HIV treatment outcomes and corresponding risk factors were compared between older ART initiators and those who were younger using data from the Caribbean, Central and South America Network for HIV Epidemiology (CCASAnet).MethodsHIV‐positive adults (≥18 years) initiating ART at nine sites in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico and Peru were included. Patients were classified as older (≥50 years) or younger (<50 years) based on age at ART initiation. ART effectiveness was measured using three outcomes: death, virologic failure and ART treatment modification. Cox regression models for each outcome compared risk between older and younger patients, adjusting for other covariates.ResultsAmong 26,311 patients initiating ART between 1996 and 2016, 3389 (13%) were ≥50 years. The majority of patients in both ≥50 and <50 age groups received a non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐based regimen (89% vs. 87%), did not have AIDS at baseline (63% vs. 62%), and were male (59% vs. 58%). Older patients had a higher risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.64; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.48 to 1.83) and a lower risk of virologic failure (aHR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.63 to 0.84). There was no difference in risk of ART modification (aHR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.06). Risk factors for death, virologic failure and treatment modification were similar for each group.ConclusionsOlder age at ART initiation was associated with increased mortality and decreased risk of virologic failure in our cohort of more than 26,000 ART initiators in Latin America and the Caribbean. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study from the region to evaluate ART outcomes in this growing and important population. Given the complexity of issues related to ageing with HIV, a greater understanding is needed in order to properly respond to this shifting epidemic.