bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Management in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders
Authors: Krasaelap Amornluck , Kovacic Katja , Goday Praveen S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders are associated with suboptimal nutrition in children, mainly because of malabsorption and symptoms limiting dietary intake. Apart from medical therapy, nutrition support has a crucial role in maintaining growth and improving clinical outcomes in children. Based on recent data and guidelines, this review provides an overview of nutrition assessment and specific interventions for common pediatric GI disorders including gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophageal motility disorders, gastroparesis, chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction, and constipation. Several approaches including diet modification, enteral nutrition (gastric vs post‐pyloric, temporary vs permanent access, bolus vs continuous), and parenteral nutrition need to be tailored based on patient's nutrition and clinical assessment.
Protective effects induced by alcoholic Phlomis fruticosa and Phlomis herba‐venti extracts in isolated rat colon: Focus on antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities in vitro
Authors: Ferrante Claudio , Recinella Lucia , Ronci Maurizio , Orlando Giustino , Di Simone Simonetta , Brunetti Luigi , Chiavaroli Annalisa , Leone Sheila , Politi Matteo , Tirillini Bruno , Angelini Paola , Covino Stefano , Venanzoni Roberto , Vladimir‐Knežević Sanda , Menghini Luigi 
Published: July 2019

Phlomis fruticosa L. and P. herba‐venti are species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which have been traditionally used to prepare tonic and digestive drinks. Multiple studies also demonstrated the inhibitory effects of P. fruticosa extracts and essential oil against oxidative/proinflammatory pathways and bacterial strains deeply involved in ulcerative colitis. Considering these findings, the present study evaluated the effects of alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba‐venti leaf extracts in isolated rat colon challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an ex vivo experimental paradigm of ulcerative colitis. In this context, we assayed colon levels of pro‐oxidant and proinflammatory biomarkers, including nitrites, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serotonin (5‐HT). Additionally, the extracts have been tested in order to evaluate possible inhibitory effects on specific bacterial and fungal strains involved in ulcerative colitis. Alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba‐venti extracts were able to blunt LPS‐induced nitrite, MDA, 5‐HT, and LDH levels in isolated rat colon. The same extracts also inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. In conclusion, our findings show a potential role exerted by alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba‐venti in managing the clinical symptoms related to ulcerative colitis.
Impact of land surface stochastic physics in ALADIN‐LAEF
Authors: Wang Yong , Belluš Martin , Weidle Florian , Wittmann Christoph , Tang Jian , Meier Florian , Xia Fan , Keresturi Endi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo deal with the land surface physics uncertainties, a stochastic scheme based on stochastic perturbation of physics tendencies is implemented and tested. The impact of land surface physics uncertainties and their relative importance to land surface initial uncertainties are investigated in the regional ensemble forecasting system ALADIN‐LAEF (Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement InterNational – Limited Area Ensemble Forecasting). The land surface initial perturbation is generated by using an ensemble of land surface data assimilation; and the land surface physics uncertainties by applying the idea of stochastically perturbed parametrization tendencies (SPPT) scheme. Three experiments are conducted and compared with the reference ensemble over a 2‐month period. The results show the introduction of land surface stochastic physics increases the ensemble spread, reduces the ensemble bias, and keeps neutral in deterministic forecast skill of the ensemble, its impact strongly depending on the quality of ensemble initial conditions. The ensemble land surface data assimilation has stronger positive impact on the ALADIN‐LAEF than the land surface stochastic physics for screen‐level temperature and humidity. There is not much impact on 10 m wind and precipitation. Best results are obtained when both the ensemble land surface data assimilation and land surface stochastic physics are used simultaneously; it gives a more reliable and statistically consistent forecast, which is contributed mainly by ensemble land surface data assimilation in the first forecast hours and largely by land surface stochastic physics in the later forecast hours.
Dynamics of wet‐season turbidity in relation to precipitation, discharge, and land cover in three urbanizing watersheds, Oregon
Authors: Chen Junjie , Chang Heejun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFrequent intense precipitation events can mobilize and carry sediment and pollutants into rivers, degrading water quality. However, how seasonal rainfall and land cover affect the complex relationship between discharge and turbidity in urban watersheds is still under investigation. Using hourly discharge, rainfall, and turbidity data collected from six stations in three adjacent watersheds between 2008 and 2017, we examined the temporal variability of the discharge–turbidity relationship along an urban–rural gradient. We quantified hysteresis between normalized discharge and turbidity by a hysteresis index and classified hysteresis loops during 377 storm events in early, mid, and late wet season. Hysteresis loop index and direction varied by site land cover type and season. Turbidity values peaked quicker in the watersheds with higher degrees of urban development than in a less urbanized watershed. The positive relation between discharge and turbidity was highest in two downstream stations in the mid wet season, whereas it was highest in two upstream stations in the early wet season. Correlation and regression analysis showed that maximum turbidity was best explained by discharge range, and the sensitivity of turbidity to discharge change was higher in the larger downstream watershed than in the small upstream watersheds. A flashiness index was negatively associated with the slope of turbidity versus discharge, suggesting that turbidity is difficult to predict solely on the basis of discharge in flashy urban streams. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the spatial and temporal variation of discharge–concentration relationship in urbanizing watersheds, which can help water managers increase the resiliency of water‐related ecosystem services to impacts of climate change.
Long‐term (37 years) impacts of low‐head dams on freshwater shrimp habitat connectivity in northeastern Puerto Rico
Authors: Chappell Jessica , McKay S. Kyle , Freeman Mary C. , Pringle Catherine M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFreshwater migratory shrimp in Puerto Rico depend on watershed connectivity, from stream headwaters to the ocean, to complete their life cycle. Moreover, shrimp populations in different watersheds are known to be connected in an island‐wide metapopulation. However, low‐head dams paired with water intakes on streams draining the El Yunque National Forest (EYNF) reduce streamflow. Here, we examine the cumulative effects of low‐head dams on shrimp habitat connectivity over 37 years across seven EYNF watersheds. We calculate total and refugia habitat connectivity (where refugia habitat is defined as predator‐free upstream reaches above waterfalls >5 m in height) at a monthly time step using a habitat‐weighted index of longitudinal riverine connectivity, which incorporates location and operation of water intakes and streamflow variability. Findings indicate total and refugia habitat connectivity declined over 37 years (by 27% and 16%, respectively) as additional water intakes have been placed in lower reaches of watersheds. On a monthly time step, the proportion of streamflow withdrawn has the largest effect on habitat connectivity, with the result that connectivity is ~17% lower during drought years than in nondrought years and ~7% lower in dry compared with wet seasons. Our analysis of this long‐term dataset highlights how cumulative effects of low‐head dams paired with water intakes have reduced shrimp habitat connectivity. These results underscore the importance of reducing existing withdrawal rates in EYNF, and locating intakes where effects on connectivity are minimal, if conserving shrimp habitat is a management objective.
Sulfonated Caspian Sea Sand: A Promising Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst in Comparison with –SO3H Functionalized NiFe2O4@SiO2@KIT‐6
Authors: Mardani Fatemeh , Khorshidi Alireza , Gholampoor Sajad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, mesoporous NiFe2O4@SiO2@KIT‐6 core‐shell nanoparticles with magnetic properties were synthesized. Functionalization of the KIT‐6 shell with chlorosulfonic acid afforded the NiFe2O4@SiO2@KIT‐6‐SO3H hybrid material. Sulfonated Caspian Sea sand, on the other hand, was obtained by silica enrichment with hydrochloric acid followed by –SO3H functionalization with chlorosulfonic acid. Efficiency of these –SO3H functionalized solid acids were compared in the synthesis of biologically important 1,4‐dihydropyridines and 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones via corresponding multicomponent reactions and both resulted in good to excellent yields of the desired products under very mild conditions. It was found that the amount of acidic groups (12.58 mmol SO3H g−1 of NiFe2O4@SiO2@KIT‐6‐SO3H vs. 1.02 mmol SO3H g−1 of the sulfonated sand) can be related to BET surface area of the catalysts (160 m2/g vs. 12 m2/g). Although much higher amounts of the sulfonated sand was necessary in comparison with NiFe2O4@SiO2@KIT‐6‐SO3H to obtain satisfactory yields of the organic products, the easy procurement method and the abundance of raw materials needed to make sulfonated Caspian Sea sand was an indisputable advantage. Both catalysts showed good recyclability along with negligible decrease in their efficiency over five periods.
Triphenylcarbenium Tetrafluoroborate as an Efficient Catalyst in the Regioselective Reductive Ring Opening of Benzylidene Acetals of Carbohydrates
Authors: Thota Niranjan , Björkling Fredrik , Kankala Shravankumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTriphenylcarbenium tetrafluoroborate was found to be an efficient catalyst for the highly regioselective reductive ring opening of 4,6‐benzylidene acetals of hexopyranosides using DIBAL−H as the reducing agents to furnish the primary 6‐OH alcohols in good to excellent yield.
Atomic‐Layer Deposition‐Assisted Double‐Side Interfacial Engineering for High‐Performance Flexible and Stable CsPbBr3 Perovskite Photodetectors toward Visible Light Communication Applications
Authors: Cen Guobiao , Liu Yujin , Zhao Chuanxi , Wang Gai , Fu Yong , Yan Genghua , Yuan Ye , Su Chunhua , Zhao Zhijuan , Mai Wenjie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSelf‐powered photodetectors (PDs) based on inorganic metal halide perovskites are regarded as promising alternatives for the next generation of photodetectors. However, uncontrollable film growth and sluggish charge extraction at interfaces directly limit the sensitivity and response speed of perovskite‐based photodetectors. Herein, by assistance of an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films with preferred orientation and enlarged grain size are obtained on predeposited interfacial modification layers. Thanks to improved film quality and double side interfacial engineering, the optimized CsPbBr3 (Al2O3/CsPbBr3/TiO2, ACT) perovskite PDs exhibit outstanding performance with ultralow dark current of 10−11 A, high detectivity of 1.88 × 1013 Jones and broad linear dynamic range (LDR) of 172.7 dB. Significantly, excellent long‐term environmental stability (ambient conditions >100 d) and flexibility stability (>3000 cycles) are also achieved. The remarkable performance is credited to the synergistic effects of high carrier conductivity and collection efficiency, which is assisted by ALD modification layers. Finally, the ACT PDs are successfully integrated into a visible light communication system as a light receiver on transmitting texts, showing a bit rate as high as 100 kbps. These results open the window of high performance all‐inorganic halide perovskite photodetectors and extends to rational applications for optical communication.
Technology Procurement in Election Systems
Authors: Bennett David A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElection administrators have a variety of responsibilities that extend beyond the management of election day. They are also responsible for the procurement of the voting systems that will be used by the public. There are a variety of approaches that can be utilized to make this process more efficient. Focusing on Florida, the author discusses the process that was utilized to innovate technology procurement and provides recommendations for the profession to close the information gap that exists between procurement experts, election officials, and vendors.
Operational Solutions That Help Voting Work for Everyone
Authors: Terry Jim , Dunlap Kaylan , Flickinger Steve , Woosley Dan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis case study presents the election monitoring best practices that Evan Terry Associates (ETA) has observed and developed to be shared with polling locations across the country. There are numerous details to observe and many distractions that can divert Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) monitors and poll workers during an actual election, especially relating to little or lesser known issues of accessibility for voters with disabilities. The best practices presented can help to consolidate, expedite, and focus accessibility monitors throughout the country as it relates to barriers to accessibility issues at polling places.
Local Engagement with the Election Administration and Voting Survey (EAVS)
Authors: Gill Susan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe introduction of new data collection tools in election administration can create unique challenges for local election officials. This case presents one local election official’s experience with the Election Administration and Voting Survey (EAVS) from its inception following the passage of the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) in 2002; also discussed is the important role that vendors play in ensuring that local jurisdictions provide the type of data required by the EAVS and other election administration data collection tools.
Improving Voting for Overseas Citizens, Military Personnel and Their Dependents
Authors: Kalisa Kamanzi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUS citizens living overseas as well as active duty military personnel have unique and long-standing challenges in exercising their right to register and cast their vote by absentee in US elections—lack of physical mobility, residing in remote areas, varying laws and policies, as well as limited access to voting information and the actual voting process. The complex US overseas election system is further complicated by the administrative role played by all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the territories. This case study will explore the work of The Council of State Government’s Overseas Voting Initiative from 2014 to 2018 and the initiative’s efforts to improve the voting process for American military personnel, their families, and civilian citizens residing overseas.
NICE and Fair? Health Technology Assessment Policy Under the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 1999–2018
Authors: Charlton Victoria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is responsible for conducting health technology assessment (HTA) on behalf of the National Health Service (NHS). In seeking to justify its recommendations to the NHS about which technologies to fund, NICE claims to adopt two complementary ethical frameworks, one procedural—accountability for reasonableness (AfR)—and one substantive—an ‘ethics of opportunity costs’ (EOC) that rests primarily on the notion of allocative efficiency. This study is the first to empirically examine normative changes to NICE’s approach and to analyse whether these enhance or diminish the fairness of its decision-making, as judged against these frameworks. It finds that increasing formalisation of NICE’s approach and a weakening of the burden of proof laid on technologies undergoing HTA have together undermined its commitment to EOC. This implies a loss of allocative efficiency and a shift in the balance of how the interests of different NHS users are served, in favour of those who benefit directly from NICE’s recommendations. These changes also weaken NICE’s commitment to AfR by diminishing the publicity of its decision-making and by encouraging the adoption of rationales that cannot easily be shown to meet the relevance condition. This signals a need for either substantial reform of NICE’s approach, or more accurate communication of the ethical reasoning on which it is based. The study also highlights the need for further empirical work to explore the impact of these policy changes on NICE’s practice of HTA and to better understand how and why they have come about.
Management of Failed SLAP Repair: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nadeem Ibrahim M. , Vancolen Seline , Horner Nolan S. , Leroux Tim , Alolabi Bashar , Khan Moin 
Published: July 2019

Background Superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears are a very common shoulder injury. The success rate of SLAP repair, particularly in the throwing athlete, has been variable in the literature. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the reported post-operative outcomes of management techniques for failed SLAP repair. Methods The electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed were searched for relevant studies, and pertinent data was abstracted. Only studies reporting outcomes of management techniques for failed SLAP repairs were included. Results A total of 10 studies (levels III to IV) evaluating 176 patients were included in this systematic review. Most subjects were male (86.6%), with a mean age at surgery of 36.3 years (range, 17 to 67 years). The most commonly reported reason for failed SLAP repair was persistent post-operative mechanical symptoms after index SLAP repair. Common techniques used in the management of failed SLAP repair include biceps tenodesis and revision SLAP repair. Return to activity was significantly higher after biceps tenodesis than after arthroscopic revision SLAP repair. However, compared to primary SLAP repair, biceps tenodesis demonstrated no statistically significant differences in return to work rates. Complications reported in one case were resolved post-operatively, and there was no reported revision failure or reoperation after revision surgery. Conclusion The most common reason for failed SLAP repair is persistent post-operative mechanical symptoms. Revision surgery for failed SLAP repair has a high success rate. The rate of return to activity after biceps tenodesis was significantly higher than the rate after revision SLAP repair. Large high-quality randomized trials are required to provide definitive evidence to support the optimal treatment for failed SLAP repair.
Introduction: The Power of Global Performance Indicators
Authors: Kelley Judith G. , Simmons Beth A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, IGOs, NGOs, private firms and even states have begun to regularly package and distribute information on the relative performance of states. From the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index to the Financial Action Task Force blacklist, global performance indicators (GPIs) are increasingly deployed to influence governance globally. We argue that GPIs derive influence from their ability to frame issues, extend the authority of the creator, and — most importantly — to invoke recurrent comparison that stimulates governments' concerns for their own and their country's reputation. Their public and ongoing ratings and rankings of states are particularly adept at capturing attention not only at elite policy levels but also among other domestic and transnational actors. GPIs thus raise new questions for research on politics and governance globally. What are the social and political effects of this form of information on discourse, policies and behavior? What types of actors can effectively wield GPIs and on what types of issues? In this symposium introduction, we define GPIs, describe their rise, and theorize and discuss these questions in light of the findings of the symposium contributions.
Meditation techniques v. relaxation therapies when treating anxiety: a meta-analytic review
Authors: Montero-Marin Jesus , Garcia-Campayo Javier , Pérez-Yus Mari Cruz , Zabaleta-del-Olmo Edurne , Cuijpers Pim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo what extent meditation techniques (which incorporate practices to regulate attention, construct individual values, or deconstruct self-related assumptions), are more or less effective than relaxation therapy in the treatment of anxiety, is not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of meditation compared to relaxation in reducing anxiety. A systematic review from PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo and the Cochrane Central was conducted. A meta-analysis of 14 RCTs (n = 862 participants suffering from anxiety disorders or high trait anxiety) was performed. Effect sizes (ESs) were determined by Hedges’ g. Heterogeneity, risk of publication bias, quality of studies/interventions, and researcher allegiance, were evaluated. Meditation techniques incorporated attentional elements, and five of them also added constructive practices. No studies were found using deconstructive exercises. The overall ES was g = −0.23 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.40 to −0.07], favouring meditation (number needed to treat = 7.74). Heterogeneity was low (I2 = 2; 95% CI 0 to 56). There was no evidence of publication bias, but few studies and interventions were of high quality, and allegiance might be moderating results. Meditation seems to be a bit more effective than relaxation in the treatment of anxiety, and it might also remain more effective at 12-month follow-up. However, more research using the full spectrum of meditation practices to treat different anxiety disorders, including independent studies to avoid researcher allegiance, is needed if we are to have a precise idea of the potential of these techniques compared to relaxation therapy.