bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Political History of Council Estates: Council Estates as State-Building Projects
Authors: Koch Insa Lee 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Chapter 1 provides a political history of council estates. Built in the inter- and post-war decades as homes for the working classes, council estates have often been seen as a central pillar of the British welfare state. This chapter argues that far from being only about the provision of bricks and mortar, council estates were always projects of state-building that were tied to class segregation and class control. In the post-war decades, paternalistic policies ensured that working-class tenants were living up to state-sponsored standards of respectability. This legacy of classed state control became more pronounced under neoliberal governance in the 1980s, and from the mid-1990s onwards, under the ‘law and order’ state, and most recently, with the shift to ‘austerity politics’. A political history of council estates challenges the dichotomy of a ‘golden era’ of post-war social democracy and the subsequent punitive turn by foregrounding a legacy of classed control both across historical periods and across areas of policy making that are not often considered together.
The Good Person and the Bad Citizen: History, Class, and Sociality
Authors: Koch Insa Lee 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 introduces the building blocks of an alternative political–moral order, as viewed from the perspective of council estate residents. It argues that official understandings of deservingness and respectability have at times dovetailed with, but more often diverged from, what residents understand to be a righteous person and by extension also a rightful citizen who is deserving of public resources and protection. In the post-war period, a fragile moral union existed between paternalistic welfare policies that prioritised the white, male-headed nuclear household and tenants’ aspirations for respectable homes and neighbourhoods. This fragile moral union, however, became dismantled in the decades that followed, when the ideal of the worker-citizen was replaced by that of the consumer-citizen and those renting on council estates increasingly seen as subjects of failure and lack. Today, working class residents’ own understandings of what makes a good person, based on their reliance on informal networks of support and care, stand in stark contrast to classed portrayals that see them as citizens of lack.
Political Brokers: Active Citizenship
Authors: Koch Insa Lee 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines what grassroots mechanisms estate residents have at their disposal to make their voices heard. Private–public partnerships and civic initiatives that address problems of disorder and crime abound on Britain’s post-industrial housing estates. The chapter argues that official expectations of ‘active citizenship’ do not fit with residents’ own understandings of grassroots activism and change. As the daily work of both community activists and locally based politicians shows, good governance from residents’ point of view is about bringing policies in line with their daily struggles for security and survival. And yet, this alternative politics—referred to as a ‘bread and butter politics’—is also vulnerable to being silenced by officials who see it as evidence of petty, even corrupt behaviour. In the absence of adequate institutional and political mechanisms that can capture people’s demands, a ‘bread and butter politics’ not only reinforces deep-seated feelings of disenchantment with the political system but also fails to translate into an agenda for sustainable change.
Conclusion: A Different Kind of Paradox
Authors: Koch Insa Lee 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The conclusion returns to the punitive paradox introduced at the beginning of the book: the paradox of how we can explain liberal democracy’s illiberal turn. It contrasts this with a different kind of paradox that emerges when we shift from the question of ‘why’ to the ‘how’ and the ‘what’: the paradox of how the expansion of state power to forcibly control its citizens is also the inverse to its powers to control the means of its own application. This paradox expands the debate on punishment by, first, moving beyond a focus on criminal law; second, revealing the crisis of state authority at the heart of governance today; and, third, bringing into focus an alternative political theory that reconnects the exercise of statecraft with a political economy of care.
Searching for hot subdwarf stars from the LAMOST Spectra. II. Pure spectroscopic identification method for hot subdwarfs
Authors: Lei Zhenxin , Bu Yude , Zhao Jingkun , Németh Péter , Zhao Gang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Employing a new machine-learning method, named the hierarchical extreme learning machine (HELM) algorithm, we identified 56 hot subdwarf stars in the first data release (DR1) of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey. The atmospheric parameters of the stars are obtained by fitting the profiles of hydrogen (H) Balmer lines and helium (He) lines with synthetic spectra calculated from non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model atmospheres. Five He-rich hot subdwarf stars were found in our sample with their log (nHe/nH) &gt; −1, while 51 stars are He-poor sdB, sdO and sdOB stars. We also confirmed the two He sequences of hot subdwarf stars found by Edelmann et al. (2003, A&A, 400, 939) in a Teff–log(nHe/nH) diagram. The HELM algorithm works directly on the observed spectroscopy and is able to filter out spectral properties without supplementary photometric data. The results presented in this study demonstrate that the HELM algorithm is a reliable method to search for hot subdwarf stars after suitable training is performed, and it can also be used to search for other objects which have obvious features in their spectra or images.
A categorical reconstruction of crystals and quantum groups at q = 0
Authors: Smith Craig 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The quantum co-ordinate algebra Aq(g) associated to a Kac–Moody Lie algebra g forms a Hopf algebra whose comodules are direct sums of finite-dimensional irreducible Uq(g) modules. In this paper, we investigate whether an analogous result is true when q=0. We classify crystal bases as coalgebras over a comonadic functor on the category of pointed sets and encode the monoidal structure of crystals into a bicomonadic structure. In doing this, we prove that there is no coalgebra in the category of pointed sets whose comodules are equivalent to crystal bases. We then construct a bialgebra over Z whose based comodules are equivalent to crystals, which we conjecture is linked to Lusztig’s quantum group at v=∞.
Teaching Q Methodology to Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: Opsahl Angela , Judge Deborah , Hensel Desiree 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Prelicensure nursing student exposure to undergraduate research education may have a significant effect on their research skills and use of evidence-based practice. There are potential benefits to introducing Q methodology to prelicensure nursing research students. Utilizing Q methodology principles and techniques, a class on Q methodology was integrated into a prelicensure nursing research and evidence-based practice course. The interactive classroom format and active student engagement in the step-by-step mock study were positive aspects of the class.
Meeting Texas Nursing Workforce Needs Through Recruitment and Retention Initiatives
Authors: Gary Jodie C. , Gosselin Kevin , Mulcahy Abigail , Wise Matthews Debra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Evidence demonstrates health inequities can be ameliorated by a workforce whose diversity reflects the population served. The diversity of the Texas nursing workforce, however, is not reflective of the Texas population. This article reports on a project to recruit and retain minority nurses in Texas. The project goals were to improve enrollment for minority students, specifically Hispanic students, in an online South Texas baccalaureate nursing program (traditional BSN, second-degree BSN, and RN to BSN); facilitate student success; and promote student satisfaction. These goals were successfully achieved at one academic institution.
Population Health in Childbearing Family Education in Nursing
Authors: Dzubaty Dolores 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Population health principles can be introduced in the undergraduate nursing curriculum during a course providing education about the childbearing family. Information regarding fertility and all stages of pregnancy and childbearing is discussed throughout the course. Knowledge regarding client resources, needs, risk factors, and health practices as related to client population is explored. Population health does not limit the clients' defining characteristics to only identified ethnicity or geographic area; clients may be members of more than one population. Introducing population health through the unfolding case study method stimulates a more thorough exploration of differing populations the student may not generally encounter.
Nurse Practitioner Role Transition and Identity Development in Rural Health Care Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Owens Rhoda A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this scoping review was to explore the literature regarding the nurse practitioner (NP) role transition and professional identity development at rural health care settings.

BACKGROUND
Because of the shortage of primary care providers, NPs are meeting the demand for primary care in rural areas.

METHOD
Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage methodological framework for scoping reviews guided this systematic literature review, which resulted in selection of 145 sources.

RESULTS
Three major themes emerged: NPs in rural clinical practice, defining NP professional identity, and role transition to an NP identity.

CONCLUSION
Further research is needed to guide education program leaders on curriculum development. Rural health care facilities and nursing programs should partner in the orientation and continuing education needs of NPs to prepare and support their role transition and professional identity development. NPs will be instrumental in providing access to quality primary health care in rural communities.
High-Fidelity Simulation in the Classroom for Clinical Judgment Development in Third-Year Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Klenke-Borgmann Laura 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
High-fidelity simulation-based experience (HFSBE) in the laboratory setting is an evidence-based teaching strategy that engenders clinical judgment among students. There is very little literature on the use of HFSBE as a teaching strategy in the traditional classroom setting. This article describes an innovative approach using a prerecorded HFSBE and debriefing with third-year, baccalaureate, undergraduate students. Results of this strategy were positive, including student feedback such as, “Any way to visually integrate pathophysiology in the clinical setting is the best form of teaching yet.”
Highlights From an English-as-an-Additional-Language Nursing Support Program
Authors: Choi Liza Lai Shan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
English-as-an-additional-language nursing students are more likely to experience academic challenges than nursing students whose primary language is English. In an attempt to improve the learning environment for this group of students, a novel support group was established to address both academic and nonacademic issues. The impact and effectiveness of this support group are explored using an interpretative analytic approach. The findings suggest that English-as-an-additional-language support programs based on the principles of academic safety, purposeful design, curriculum relevance, positive faculty influence, and proactive enrollment have the most potential to facilitate student success.
Aquaporin 5 –1364A/C Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated with Pulmonary Inflammation and Survival in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Rahmel Tim , Rump Katharina , Peters Jürgen , Adamzik Michael 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
The aquaporin-5 (AQP5) –1364A/C promoter single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with an altered AQP5 expression and mortality in sepsis. Because AQP5 expression alters neutrophil cell migration, it could affect pulmonary inflammation and survival in bacterially evoked acute respiratory distress syndrome. Accordingly, the authors tested the hypotheses that the AC/CC genotype in patients with bacterially evoked pneumonia resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome is associated with (1) attenuated pulmonary inflammation and (2) higher 30-day survival.

Methods
In this prospective, observational study, bronchoalveolar lavage and blood sampling were performed within 24 h of intensive care unit admission. In 136 Caucasian patients with bacterially evoked acute respiratory distress syndrome, genotype of the AQP5 –1364A/C promoter polymorphism, bronchoalveolar lavage total protein, albumin, white cell concentrations, and lactate dehydrogenase activity were measured to evaluate the relationship between genotypes and survival.

Results
AC/CC patients as well as survivors showed lower bronchoalveolar lavage protein (0.9 mg/ml vs. 2.3 mg/ml, P < 0.001 and 1.6 mg/ml vs. 2.6 mg/ml, P = 0.035), albumin (0.2 mg/ml vs. 0.6 mg/ml, P = 0.019 and 0.3 mg/ml vs. 0.6 mg/ml, P = 0.028), leukocytes (424 /ml vs. 1,430/ml; P = 0.016 and 768 /ml vs. 1,826/ml; P = 0.025), and lactate dehydrogenase activity (82 U/l vs. 232 U/l; P = 0.006 and 123 U/l vs. 303 U/l; P = 0.020). Thirty-day survival was associated with AQP5 –1364A/C genotypes (P = 0.005), with survival of 62% for AA genotypes (58 of 93) but 86% for C-allele carriers (37 of 43). Furthermore, multiple proportional hazard analysis revealed the AA genotype was at high risk for death within 30 days (hazard ratio, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.38 to 9.07; P = 0.009).

Conclusions
In acute respiratory distress syndrome attributable to bacterial pneumonia, the C-allele of the AQP5 –1364A/C promoter polymorphism is associated with an attenuated pulmonary inflammation and higher 30-day survival. Thus, the AQP5 genotype impacts on inflammation and prognosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Nitric Oxide Story
Authors: Zapol Warren M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn. By Roberts JD, Polaner DM, Lang P, and Zapol WM. Lancet 1992; 130:435–40. Reprinted with permission.
NO has vasodilatory effects on the pulmonary vasculature in adults and animals. We examined the effects on systemic oxygenation and blood pressure of inhaling up to 80 parts per million by volume of NO at fraction of inspired oxygen 0.9 for up to 30 min by six infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. In all infants, this treatment rapidly and significantly increased preductal oxygen saturation; in five infants, postductal oxygen saturation and oxygen tensions also increased. Inhalation of NO did not cause systemic hypotension or raise methemoglobin. These data suggest that low levels of inhaled NO have an important role in the reversal of hypoxemia due to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
Operating Room Fires
Authors: Jones Teresa S. , Black Ian H. , Robinson Thomas N. , Jones Edward L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Operating room fires are rare but devastating events. Guidelines are available for the prevention and management of surgical fires; however, these recommendations are based on expert opinion and case series. The three components of an operating room fire are present in virtually all surgical procedures: an oxidizer (oxygen, nitrous oxide), an ignition source (i.e., laser, “Bovie”), and a fuel. This review analyzes each fire ingredient to determine the optimal clinical strategy to reduce the risk of fire. Surgical checklists, team training, and the specific management of an operating room fire are also reviewed.
Propofol TCI Reductions Do Not Attenuate Significant Falls in Cardiac Output Associated With Anesthesia Induction and Knee-Chest Positioning in Spinal Surgery
Authors: Chaló Daniela , Pedrosa Sara , Amorim Pedro , Gouveia Sónia , Sancho Consuelo 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Induction of anesthesia and the knee-chest position are associated with hemodynamic changes that may impact patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether planned reductions in target-controlled infusion propofol concentrations attenuate the hemodynamic changes associated with anesthesia induction and knee-chest position.

Materilas and Methods:
A total of 20 patients scheduled for elective lumbar spinal surgery in the knee-chest position were included. In addition to standard anesthesia monitoring, bispectral index and noninvasive cardiac output (CO) monitoring were undertaken. The study was carried out in 2 parts. In phase 1, target-controlled infusion propofol anesthesia was adjusted to maintain BIS 40 to 60. In phase 2, there were 2 planned reductions in propofol target concentration: (1) immediately after loss of consciousness—reduction calculated using a predefined formula, and (2) before positioning—reduction equal to the average percentage decrease in CO after knee-chest position in phase 1. Changes from baseline in CO and other hemodynamic variables following induction of anesthesia and knee-chest positioning were compared.

Results:
Induction of anesthesia led to decreases of 25.6% and 19.8% in CO from baseline in phases 1 and 2, respectively (P<0.01). Knee-chest positioning resulted in a further decrease such that the total in CO reduction from baseline to 10 minutes after positioning was 38.4% and 46.9% in phases 1 and 2, respectively (P<0.01). There was no difference in CO changes between phases 1 and 2, despite the planned reductions in propofol during phase 2. There was no significant correlation between changes in CO and mean arterial pressure.

Conclusions:
Planned reductions in propofol concentration do not attenuate anesthesia induction and knee-chest position-related decreases in CO. The knee-chest position is an independent risk factor for decrease in CO. Minimally invasive CO monitors may aid in the detection of clinically relevant hemodynamic changes and guide management in anesthetized patients in the knee-chest position.
Effects of Reverberation on the Relation Between Compression Speed and Working Memory for Speech-in-Noise Perception
Authors: Reinhart Paul , Zahorik Pavel , Souza Pamela 
Published: January 2019

Objectives:
Previous study has suggested that when listening in modulated noise, individuals benefit from different wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) speeds depending on their working memory ability. Reverberation reduces the modulation depth of signals and may impact the relation between WDRC speed and working memory. The purpose of this study was to examine this relation across a range of reverberant conditions.

Design:
Twenty-eight older listeners with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing impairment were recruited in the present study. Individual working memory was measured using a Reading Span test. Sentences were combined with noise at two signal to noise ratios (2 and 5 dB SNR), and reverberation was simulated at a range of reverberation times (0.00, 0.75, 1.50, and 3.00 sec). Speech intelligibility was measured in listeners when listening to the sentences processed with simulated fast-acting and slow-acting WDRC conditions.

Results:
There was a significant relation between WDRC speed and working memory with minimal or no reverberation. Consistent with previous research, this relation was such that individuals with high working memory had higher speech intelligibility with fast-acting WDRC, and individuals with low working memory performed better with slow-acting WDRC. However, at longer reverberation times, there was no relation between WDRC speed and working memory.

Conclusions:
Consistent with previous studies, results suggest that there is an advantage of tailoring WDRC speed based on an individual’s working memory under anechoic conditions. However, the present results further suggest that there may not be such a benefit in reverberant listening environments due to reduction in signal modulation.
Garden 1 and 2 Femoral Neck Fractures Collapse More Than Expected After Closed Reduction and Percutaneous Pinning
Authors: Cronin Patrick K. , Freccero David M. , Kain Michael S. , Marcantonio Andrew J. , Horwitz Daniel S. , Tornetta Paul 
Published: January 2019

Objectives:
To report on the final displacement after in situ percutaneous pinning for Garden type 1 and 2 fractures in height, femoral neck fracture collapse, and loss of offset.

Design:
Retrospectively reviewed case series.

Setting:
Three Academic Medical Centers. Boston University Medical Center (Level 1 Trauma Center), Lahey Hospital and Medical Center (Level 2 Trauma Center), and Geisinger Medical Center (level 2 Trauma Center).

Patients/Participants:
One hundred thirty skeletally mature patients with 130 fractures (78 garden 1 and 52 garden 2) who were treated between January 2000 and January 2014 at participating hospitals with percutaneous pinning with a cannulated screw system to successful union after sustaining an intracapsular femoral neck fracture without complete displacement.

Intervention:
In situ percutaneous pinning with 3 cannulated, partially threaded screws in an inverted triangle orientation.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Femoral neck fracture collapse (mm), femoral height shortening (mm), and femoral offset shortening (mm).

Results:
A total of 130 patients (81F, 49M), average age 72 years, sustained 78 Garden 1 and 52 Garden 2 femoral neck fractures. Maximal collapse occurred in the plane of the femoral neck. Thirty-three of 78 (42%) Garden 1 fractures and 33/52 (63%) Garden 2 fractures demonstrated >10 mm fracture collapse. The range of displacements was 0–39 mm as measured along the plane of the femoral neck.

Conclusions:
Garden 1 fractures collapse less frequently than Garden 2 fractures, but both have high rates of fracture collapse when treated to union with in situ percutaneous pin fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.