bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring possible trade‐offs between organisational performance and employee well‐being: The role of teamwork practices
Authors: Ogbonnaya Chidiebere 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is growing evidence linking teamwork practices to performance outcomes. However, critics have raised concerns that such outcomes are achieved at the expense of increased job demands and stress among workers. Using large data from a representative sample of British workplaces (N = 4,311 workers in 664 workplaces), this study explores the pattern of relationships between teamwork practices, organisational performance, and employee well‐being. The study draws on a mutual gains model linking teamwork practices to organisational performance via affective commitment, and a conflicting outcomes model associated with high job demands and job‐related anxiety. The study also examines an interactive outcomes model that integrates the mutual gains and conflicting outcomes models. The study reports evidence that the performance gains of teamwork practices may actually come at the cost of increased job demands and job‐related anxiety. Nevertheless, these adverse outcomes tend to weaken at higher levels of affective commitment.
APOB‐associated cholesterol deficiency in Holstein cattle is not a simple recessive disease
Authors: Häfliger Irene Monika , Hofstetter Sonja , Mock Thomas , Stettler Manuela Hanna , Meylan Mireille , Mehinagic Kemal , Stokar‐Regenscheit Nadine , Drögemüller Cord 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn 2015, cholesterol deficiency (CD) was reported for the first time as a new recessive defect in Holstein cattle. After GWAS mapping and identification of a disease‐associated haplotype, a causative loss‐of‐function variant in APOB was identified. CD‐clinically affected APOB homozygotes showed poor development, intermittent diarrhea and hypocholesterolemia and, consequently, a limited life expectation. Herein, we present a collection of 18 cases clinically diagnosed as CD‐affected APOB heterozygotes. CD‐clinically affected heterozygotes show reduced cholesterol and triglyceride blood concentrations. The differences in total blood cholesterol and triglycerides between nine CD‐clinically affected and 36 non‐affected heterozygotes were significant. As only some APOB heterozygotes show the clinical CD phenotype, we assume that the penetrance is reduced in heterozygotes compared to the fully penetrant effect observed in homozygotes. We conclude that APOB‐associated CD represents most likely an incomplete dominant inherited metabolic disease with incomplete penetrance in heterozygotes.
Identifying the most prevalent unmet needs of cancer survivors in Australia: A systematic review
Authors: Lisy Karolina , Langdon Laura , Piper Amanda , Jefford Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the unmet needs of cancer survivors is crucial to inform health service planning and optimize survivorship care. This systematic review sought to identify the most prevalent unmet needs of cancer survivors in Australia, and to determine personal, disease, and treatment‐related variables correlated with unmet needs. Seventeen studies were included in the review. Substantial heterogeneity across the included studies precluded statistical pooling of the data; narrative synthesis and vote counting were used to synthesize results. Unmet needs were ranked by the number of endorsements (n) each item received. The most frequently reported unmet needs of Australian cancer survivors are for help with psychosocial issues, including fear of cancer recurrence (n = 14; 14–42%), uncertainty about the future (n = 9; 12–26%), worry about partners, friends, and families (n = 8; 12–26%), help to reduce stress (n = 8; 12–34%), and sexual changes (n = 7; 11–29%). Survivors also needed more help with physical issues, including fatigue (n = 7; 10–27%) and usual activities (n = 6; 13–27%), and expressed supportive care unmet needs, including for affordable hospital car parking (n = 7; 12–26%), information about available services (n = 7; 11–33%), and peer support (n = 6; 13–26%). Anxiety, depression, and lower overall and physical quality of life were significantly correlated with greater unmet needs, as were younger age and more advanced disease.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and bullous pemphigoid: A systematic review and adjusted meta‐analysis
Authors: Phan Kevin , Charlton Olivia , Smith Saxon D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThere have been a number of case reports and small clinical series reporting the potential association between dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPPIs) for diabetes and the onset of bullous pemphigoid (BP). The aim of this study was to assess the association between DPPI use and BP, and whether this varied according to DPPI type.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. We identified five studies with cases and controls. We performed unadjusted and adjusted meta‐analyses to assess the potential association.ResultsAdjusted meta‐analysis revealed significant association between DPPI use and BP (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.59–2.86, I2 = 46%, P < 0.00001). This association was stronger between vildagliptin and BP (OR 5.08, 95% CI 1.70–15.19, P = 0.004) compared to linagliptin (OR 2.87, 95%CI 1.06–7.79, P = 0.04), and no association was found between sitagliptin and BP (OR 1.29, 95%CI 0.79–2.08, P = 0.31). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the association between DPPI use and BP remained significant in males (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.46–3.78, P = 0.0005) and females (OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.10–3.22, P = 0.02).ConclusionsLimitations were that studies reviewed were retrospective by design which are susceptible to bias and lack of randomisation. Our adjusted analysis supports a significant association between DPPI use and onset of bullous pemphigoid. Vildagliptin had the highest odds of BP. These findings have clinical implications for dermatologists and the management of patients with diabetes and being treated with DPPI agents.
Assessment of mineral and bone biomarkers highlights a high frequency of hypercalciuria in asymptomatic healthy teenagers
Authors: Bacchetta Justine , Ginhoux Tiphanie , Bernoux Delphine , Dubourg Laurence , Ranchin Bruno , Roger Christelle 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimAssessment of mineral metabolism is complex in paediatrics.MethodsWe assessed the evolution of the main mineral and bone biomarkers (total/bone alkaline phosphatase ALP/BAP, β‐crosslaps, osteocalcin, sclerostin, C‐terminal and intact FGF23) in 100 healthy teenagers (10‐18 years, 50 boys).ResultsAt a mean age of 13.7 ± 2.2 years, phosphatemia, tubular phosphate reabsorption, ALP and BAP significantly decreased along puberty in both genders, whilst parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25‐vitamin D (25D), FGF23, plasma calcium and urinary calcium were not modified. In girls, osteocalcin, β‐crosslaps and sclerostin significantly decreased at the end of puberty. Calciuria above the crystallisation threshold (>3.8 mmol/L) and urinary calcium/creatinine ratio >0.7 mmol/mmol were found in 39% and 6% of subjects, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed that renal function and PTH were significant predictors of calciuria and urinary calcium/creatinine, whilst 25D remained a predictor only of urinary calcium/creatinine ratio.ConclusionUsing the most recent assays, this study provides data for mineral/bone biomarkers across puberty and highlights the risk of hyper‐calciuria in apparent asymptomatic healthy teenagers, not related to calcium intake but rather to 25D. Future studies are required to dissect the underlying mechanisms increasing calciuria and prevent nephrolithiasis as early as during childhood.
InDependent but not Alone: A Web‐Based Intervention to Promote Physical and Mental Health among Military Spouses
Authors: Mailey Emily L. , Irwin Brandon C. , Joyce Jillian M. , Hsu Wei‐Wen 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundMilitary spouses must cope with multiple threats to their physical and mental health, yet few interventions have been developed to promote health in this population.MethodsFor this quasi‐experimental study, military spouses (N = 231) received a standard educational intervention or an interactive, theory‐based intervention; both were delivered online and lasted 10 weeks. The educational intervention directed participants to content on the existing website, Operation Live Well. The interactive intervention was based on Self‐Determination Theory, delivered weekly content via podcasts, and encouraged participants to complete weekly challenges to improve physical activity, diet, and mental health. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine self‐reported changes in stress, anxiety, depression, loneliness, self‐esteem, physical activity, and diet from pre‐ to post‐intervention.ResultsSignificant improvements were observed for all mental health outcomes, total physical activity, and sugar consumption. However, there were no significant group by time interaction effects.ConclusionsWeb‐based interventions may promote positive changes in mental health and health behaviours among military spouses. In this study, an interactive theory‐based intervention was no more effective than an information‐based intervention. Future studies should aim to determine the minimum “dose” needed to elicit meaningful changes in this population.
Effects of a Worksite Group Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Health: The Role of Psychological Coaching
Authors: Krebs Simone , Baaken Anke , Wurst Ramona , Goehner Wiebke , Fuchs Reinhard 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThis study investigates whether a worksite physical activity (PA) promotion program consisting of both a “practical” PA component and a “theoretical” (psychological) coaching component (PA+C) is more effective than the same “practical” PA component alone.MethodsN = 213 employees were assigned to two groups by cluster‐randomisation: one group received the “MoVo‐work” program including a PA component and a coaching component (PA+C group). The other group received only the PA component (PA group). Assessment of PA and health was conducted at five time points.ResultsSix weeks after program completion the percentage of physically active participants was significantly higher in the PA+C group compared to the PA group (68% vs. 45%; p = .01). At 12‐month follow‐up, the PA+C group showed a higher percentage of physically active participants and a better health status than the PA group on the descriptive level, but these differences did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsResults suggest that a PA promotion program including a psychological coaching component is more effective in evoking behavior change than a practical PA program alone. However, booster interventions are required to maintain the additional effects.
Social Factors Boost Well‐Being Behind Bars: The Importance of Individual and Group Ties for Prisoner Well‐Being
Authors: Kyprianides Arabella , Easterbrook Matthew J. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPrisoners often suffer from social isolation and higher levels of ill‐health and ill‐being. Research has demonstrated the positive health consequences that stem from social interaction, and especially group ties, amongst non‐offender populations.MethodsThis work is based on a secondary analysis of a large‐scale dataset that includes data on prisoners residing in all prison establishments in the UK (Study 1: N = 11,880; prisons = 113), and on a questionnaire booklet that was completed by prisoners residing in one prison in the UK (Study 2: N = 157).ResultsStudy 1 showed that positive prisoner interactions are associated with greater prisoner well‐being, due to the feelings of autonomy that these interactions provide. Study 2 showed that prisoners who reported being members of multiple groups had higher well‐being, an effect mediated by the satisfaction of particular psychological needs; and an effect moderated by group contact discrepancy.ConclusionsThis work provides evidence that strong prisoner ties and memberships in groups are associated with greater well‐being among prisoners, and identifies psychological needs and group contact as explanatory mechanisms; which progresses the field and has important policy and practical implications.
Impact of genotype in relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukaemia patients treated with clofarabine and cytarabine: a retrospective study
Authors: Mondesir Johanna , Alary Anne‐Sophie , Sibon David , Willems Lise , Deau Benedicte , Suarez Felipe , Hermine Olivier , Fontenay Michaela , Bouscary Didier , Kosmider Olivier , Tamburini Jerome 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains a challenge. Among salvage chemotherapy regimens, the clofarabine and cytarabine (CLARA) combination has been widely evaluated and has a favourable safety/efficacy balance. Predictive factors of efficacy in patients with R/R AML are unclear, particularly the impact of AML‐related gene mutations. We report our single‐centre experience on 34 R/R AML patients treated with CLARA, with a focus on the genetic characterization of our cohort. CLARA yielded a 47% response rate among this poor‐prognosis AML population, while two patients (5·8%) died due to treatment‐related toxicity. The two‐year progression‐free survival and overall survival rates were 29·4% and 35·3%, respectively. Nine patients (26%) had long‐term response with a median follow‐up of 39·5 months among the responders, of whom six underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Adverse karyotype did not correlate with response or survival, and secondary AML were more frequent among responders to CLARA, suggesting that this combination may successfully salvage R/R AML patients regardless of adverse prognostic markers. We also observed that a low mutational burden and absence of splice mutations correlated with prolonged survival after CLARA, suggesting that extensive genotyping may have prognostic implications in R/R AML.
Hydroxycarbamide treatment in children with Sickle Cell Anaemia is associated with more intact white matter integrity: a quantitative MRI study
Authors: Kapustin Daniel , Leung Jackie , Odame Isaac , Williams Suzan , Shroff Manohar , Kassner Andrea 
Published: June 2019

SummarySickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a devastating genetic blood disorder leading to chronic anaemia, impaired cerebrovascular dilatory capacity and cerebral infarctions. Our aim was to assess the relationship between microstructural properties of the white matter (WM) and both cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cerebral blood flow, as well as the effects of hydroxycarbamide on these relationships. Our results demonstrate that mean CVR was increased in hydroxycarbamide‐treated patients compared to untreated patients. Moreover, untreated SCA patients had increased skew and kurtosis of mean diffusivity histograms in the WM compared to hydroxycarbamide‐treated patients and healthy age‐matched controls, indicating disruption of WM integrity. Regression analysis of CVR and WM mean diffusivity (MD) revealed a significant linear relationship between CVR and MD histogram skew and kurtosis in healthy controls, but not in either of the two SCA groups. These findings suggest that patients treated with hydroxycarbamide possess white matter MD histogram parameters which more closely resemble those of healthy controls.
Secondary dispersal mechanisms of winged seeds: a review
Authors: der Weduwen Dagmar , Ruxton Graeme D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWinged seeds, or samaras, are believed to promote the long‐distance dispersal and invasive potential of wind‐dispersed trees, but the full dispersive potential of these seeds has not been well characterised. Previous research on the ecology of winged seeds has largely focussed on the initial abscission and primary dispersal of the samara, despite it being known that the primary wind dispersal of samaras is often over short distances, with only rare escapes to longer distance dispersal. Secondary dispersal, or the movement of the seeds from the initial dispersal area to the site of germination, has been largely ignored despite offering a likely important mechanism for the dispersal of samaras to microhabitats suitable for establishment. Herein, we synthesise what is known on the predation and secondary dispersal of winged seeds by multiple dispersive vectors, highlighting gaps in knowledge and offering suggestions for future research. Both hydrochory and zoochory offer the chance for samaroid seeds to disperse over longer distances than anemochory alone, but the effects of the wing structure on these dispersal mechanisms have not been well characterised. Furthermore, although some studies have investigated secondary dispersal in samaroid species, such studies are scarce and only rarely track seeds from source to seedling. Future research must be directed to studying the secondary dispersal of samaras by various vectors, in order to elucidate fully the invasive and colonisation potential of samaroid trees.
DNA methylation changes involved in the tumor increase in F2 males born to gestationally arsenite‐exposed F1 male mice
Authors: Okamura Kazuyuki , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Kawai Tomoko , Suzuki Takehiro , Sano Tomoharu , Hata Kenichiro , Nohara Keiko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMultigenerational adverse effects from the environment such as nutrition and chemicals are among important concerns in environmental health issues. Previously, we have found that arsenite exposure of only F0 females during their pregnancy increases hepatic tumors in the F2 males in C3H mice. In the current study, we investigated the association of DNA methylation with the hepatic tumor increase in the F2 males of the arsenite group. Reduced‐representation bisulfite sequencing analysis newly identified that DNA methylation levels of regions around the transcriptional start sites of Tmem54 and Cd74 were decreased and the expression of these genes were significantly increased in the hepatic tumors of F2 males of the arsenite group. The associations between DNA methylation in these regions and gene expression changes were confirmed by treatment of murine hepatoma cell lines and hepatic stellate cell line with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine. Overexpression of Cd74 in Hepa1c1c7 cells increased Trib3 expression and suppressed the expression of tumor suppressor genes Id3 and Atoh8. Human database analysis using the Cancer Genome Atlas indicated that TMEM54, CD74, and TRIB3 were significantly increased and that ATOH8 was decreased in hepatocellular carcinoma. The data also showed that high expression of TMEM54 and TRIB3 and low expression of ATOH8 were associated with poor survival. These results suggested that an increase in Tmem54 and Cd74 expression via DNA methylation reduction was involved in the tumor increase in the F2 male offspring by gestational arsenite exposure of F0 females. This study also suggested that genes downstream of Cd74 were involved in tumorigenesis.
T cell functionality in HIV-1, HIV-2 and dually infected individuals: correlates of disease progression and immune restoration
Authors: Salwe S , Padwal V , Nagar V , Patil P , Patel V 
Published: June 2019

Summary
The role of suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in eliciting restoration of dysregulated immune function remains unclear in HIV-1 infection. Also, due to tailoring of therapeutic regimens towards HIV-1, this possible impairment of therapy may be even more pronounced in HIV-2 and dual (HIV-D) infection. Thus, we evaluated the impact of ART on immune restoration by assessing T cell functions, including HIV specific responses in HIV-1-, HIV-2- and HIV-D-infected individuals. Both ART-treated and naive infected subjects showed persistently altered frequency of CD4+ T cell subsets [regulatory T cells (Treg), naive/central memory, effector memory], increased immune activation, cytoxicity and decreased frequency of natural killer T (NKT)- like cells and T helper type 17 (Th17)/Treg ratio with elevated microbial translocation. Further, HIV-specific responses were dominated by gag-specific CD4+ T cells in virologically suppressed HIV-D individuals, suggesting retention of T cell memory for both viruses. Increased antigen-specific responses, including dual-functional interleukin (IL)-2/interferon (IFN)-γ CD4+ T cells, were detected in therapy receiving HIV-2-infected individuals indicative of a greater and more functionally diverse T cell memory repertoire. We delineated immune signatures specific to therapy-naive single HIV infection, as well as a unique signature associated with HIV-2 disease progression and immune restoration. Circulating Treg frequency, T cell activation and microbial translocation levels correlated with disease progression and immune restoration among all types of HIV infection. Also, memory responses negatively correlated, irrespective of type of infection, in ART receiving infected individuals, with CD4 rebound and decreased pan T cell activation. Our data highlight the need for adjunct immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies to achieve optimal immune restoration in HIV infection.
Including indigenous knowledge in species distribution modeling for increased ecological insights
Authors: Skroblin Anja , Carboon Tracy , Bidu Gladys , Chapman Nganjapayi , Miller Minyawu , Taylor Karnu , Taylor Waka , Game Edward T. , Wintle Brendan A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIndigenous knowledge systems hold detailed information on current and past environments that can inform ecological understanding as well as contemporary environmental management. Despite its applicability, there are limited examples of indigenous knowledge being incorporated in species distribution models, which are widely used in the ecological sciences. In a collaborative manner, we designed a structured elicitation process and statistical framework to combine indigenous knowledge with survey data to model the distribution of a threatened and culturally significant species (greater bilby or mankarr [Macrotis lagotis]). We used Martu (Aboriginal people of the Australian western deserts) occurrence knowledge and presence data from track‐based surveys to create predictive species distribution models with the Maxent program. Predictions of species distribution based on Martu knowledge were broader than those created with survey data. Together the Martu and survey models showed potential local declines, which were supported by Martu observation. Both data types were influenced by sampling bias that appeared to affect model predictions and performance. Martu provided additional information on habitat associations and locations of decline and descriptions of the ecosystem dynamics and disturbance regimes that influence occupancy. We concluded that intercultural approaches that draw on multiple sources of knowledge and information types may improve species distribution modeling and inform management of threatened or culturally significant species.