bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and differentiation in narrow versus widespread taxa ofHelianthemum(Cistaceae) in a hotspot: The role of geographic range, habitat, and reproductive traits
Authors: Martín‐Hernanz Sara , Martínez‐Sánchez Sara , Albaladejo Rafael G. , Lorite Juan , Arroyo Juan , Aparicio Abelardo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnraveling the relationships between ecological, functional traits and genetic diversity of narrow endemic plants provide opportunities for understanding how evolutionary processes operate over local spatial scales and ultimately how diversity is created and maintained. To explore these aspects in Sierra Nevada, the core of the Mediterranean Betic‐Rifean hotspot, we have analyzed nuclearDNAmicrosatellite diversity and a set of biological and environmental factors (physicochemical soil parameters, floral traits, and community composition) in two strictly endemic taxa from dolomite outcrops of Sierra Nevada (Helianthemum pannosumandH. apenninumsubsp. estevei) and two congeneric widespread taxa (H. cinereumsubsp. rotundifoliumandH. apenninumsubsp. apenninum) that further belong to two different lineages (subgenera) ofHelianthemum. We obtained rather unexpected results contrasting with the theory: (a) The narrow endemic taxa showed higher values of genetic diversity as well as higher average values of pollen production per flower and pollen‐to‐ovule ratio than their widespread relatives; and (b) the two taxa of subg.Helianthemum, with larger corollas, approach herkogamy and higher pollen production than the two taxa of subg.Plectolobum, displayed lower genetic diversity and higher values of inbreeding. Altogether, these results disclose how genetic diversity may be affected simultaneously by a large number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, especially in Pleistocene glacial refugia in mountains where the spatial context harbors a great ecological heterogeneity. On the other hand, differences in mating system and the significant effect of the substrate profile, both being highly diverse in the genusHelianthemum, in the genetic variability illustrate about the importance of these two factors in the diversification and species differentiation of this paradigmatic genus in the Mediterranean and open the field to formulate and test new hypotheses of local adaptation, trait evolution, and habitat diversification.
An integrated model decomposing the components of detection probability and abundance in unmarked populations
Authors: Hostetter Nathan J. , Gardner Beth , Sillett T. Scott , Pollock Kenneth H. , Simons Theodore R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccurate estimates of population abundance are essential to both theoretical and applied ecology. Rarely are all individuals detected during a survey and abundance models often incorporate some form of imperfect detection. Detection probability, however, consists of three components: probability of presence during a survey, probability of availability given presence, and probability of detection given availability and presence. We develop an integrated model to separate these three detection components and provide abundance estimates for the available, present, and superpopulation of individuals. Our framework integrates several common survey methods for unmarked populations: spatially and temporally replicated counts, distance sampling data, and time‐of‐detection data. Simulations indicated relatively unbiased estimates for detection and availability probabilities. Negative bias in estimated superpopulation abundance was present with three temporally replicated surveys, but greatly reduced with six surveys. In a case study of Island Scrub‐Jays (Aphelocoma insularis), posterior modes for presence, availability, and detection probabilities were 0.78, 0.96, and 0.26, respectively, from 10‐min point counts repeated at 97 sites on three occasions, with noticeable differences among available, present, and superpopulation abundance estimates. This generalizable framework integrates common sampling protocols and provides joint inferences on the components of detection probability, spatial and non‐spatial temporary emigration, and abundance in unmarked populations.
Linking the ball‐and‐cup analogy and ordination trajectories to describe ecosystem stability, resistance, and resilience
Authors: Lamothe Karl A. , Somers Keith M. , Jackson Donald A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe ball‐and‐cup diagram for conceptualizing ecosystem stability, resistance, and resilience is often presented as a ball rolling around within and between two or more cups. This analogy has a long history in ecology and has been used to illustrate ecosystem changes over time where the magnitude of changes required to push the ball from one cup to another represents a regime shift to an alternative state. Another approach for visualizing ecosystem stability, resistance, and resilience involves ordinations of repeated measures of community data or environmental variables and tracking trajectories over time in ordination space. Interestingly, the two approaches have not been linked in a meaningful way. Here, we provide a conceptual link between trajectories of ecological change in ordination space to the ball‐and‐cup analogy and show how distance‐based measures calculated from ordination scores can be used to quantitatively classify and evaluate the relative stability and resilience of ecological systems.
A meta food web for invertebrate species collected in a European grassland
Authors: Hines Jes , Giling Darren P. , Rzanny Michael , Voigt Winfried , Meyer Sebastian T. , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Eisenhauer Nico , Ebeling Anne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPatterns of feeding interactions between species are thought to influence the stability of communities and the flux of nutrients and energy through ecosystems. However, surprisingly few well‐resolved food webs allow us to evaluate factors that influence the architecture of species interactions. We constructed a meta food web consisting of 714 invertebrate species collected over 9 years of suction and pitfall sampling campaigns in the Jena Experiment, a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment located in Jena, Germany. We summarize information on the 51,496 potential trophic links, which were established using information on diet specificity and species traits that typically constrain feeding interactions (trophic group, body size, and vertical stratification). The list of species identities, traits, and link‐derivation rules will be useful not only for tests of plant diversity effects on food web structure within the Jena Experiment, but also for considering consistent construction of food webs from empirical data, and for comparisons of network structure across ecosystems. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set other than citation of this Data Paper.
Decrease in Intramuscular Levels of Phosphatidylethanolamine Bearing Arachidonic Acid During Postmortem Aging Depends on Meat Cuts and Breed
Authors: Yamashita Shinji , Shimada Kenichiro , Sakurai Riho , Yasuda Nohara , Oikawa Nayoko , Kamiyoshihara Reina , Otoki Yurika , Nakagawa Kiyotaka , Miyazawa Teruo , Kinoshita Mikio 
Published: March 2019

The intramuscular phospholipid (PL) level is reported to decrease upon postmortem aging of beef, pork, and chicken, and the change affects meat qualities (e.g., myofibrillar fragmentation and drip loss); however, there is still little information on the effect of muscle position and breed on PL compositions. A preliminary study is performed to investigate the effect of intramuscular PL composition on postmortem aging of beef and venison. Loin and round parts of beef and venison are kept at 4 °C for 28 postmortem days to elucidate the maximum effect of meat aging. The arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6) content in PL decreases in round meat during postmortem aging, while the PL 20:4n‐6 content is not affected in loin meat. The PL molecular species analysis reveals that such content reduction is consistent with decreases in phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) levels, especially that bearing 20:4n‐6. In addition, the content reduction by aging is affected by the meat cuts and the breed. These results suggest that PL variation depends on meat cuts and breed, and the release of 20:4n‐6 from PL has a considerable influence on meat qualities owing to the high reactivity of the polyunsaturated chain. The present results will enable eventual improvement of the taste, smell, and texture of meat during postmortem aging.Practical Applications: This preliminary study investigates the changes in intramuscular PL composition in beef and venison after postmortem aging. Consequently, PL variation depends on meat cuts and may be induced potentially owing to activity of cytosolic phospholipase A2. Meat properties (e.g., drip, flavor, and taste) are considered as affected by the PL hydrolysis and the 20:4n‐6 release. Therefore, monitoring of variation of PL species might be useful to estimate the condition of meat quality by postmortem aging.Our preliminary study investigates the changes in intramuscular phospholipid (PL) composition in beef and venison after postmortem aging. Postmortem aging decreases the phospholipid levels in meats. The 20:4n‐6 is released from the meat phospholipid during postmortem aging. The two above‐mentioned are considered due to hydrolyzation of the diacylglycerophospholipids in meats. The hydrolysis of phospholipid may depend on meat cuts and breed.
Investigating dune‐building feedback at the plant level: Insights from a multispecies field experiment
Authors: Mullins Elsemarie , Moore Laura J. , Goldstein Evan B. , Jass Theo , Bruno John , Durán Vinent Orencio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCoastal foredunes provide the first line of defense against rising sea levels and storm surge and for this reason there is increasing interest in understanding and modeling foredune formation and post‐storm recovery. However, there is limited observational data available to provide empirical guidance for the development of model parameterizations. To provide guidance for improved representation of dune grass growth in models, we conducted a two‐year multi‐species transplant experiment on Hog Island, VA, U.S.A. and measured the dependence of plant growth on elevation and distance from the shoreline, as well as the relationship between plant growth and sand accumulation. We tracked total leaf growth (length) and aboveground leaf length and found that Ammophila breviligulata (American beachgrass) and Uniola paniculata (sea oats) grew more than Spartina patens (saltmeadow cordgrass) by a factor of 15% (though not statistically significant) and 45%, respectively. Our results also suggest a range of basal/frontal area ratios (an important model parameter) from 0.5‐1 and a strong correlation between transplant growth and total sand deposition for all species at the scale of two years, but not over shorter temporal scales. Distance from the shoreline and elevation had no effect on transplant growth rate but did have an effect on survival. Based on transplant survival, the seaward limit of vegetation at the end of the experiment was approximately 30 m from the MHWL and at an elevation of 1.43 m, corresponding to inundation less than 7.5% of the time according to total water level calculations. Results from this experiment provide evidence for the dune‐building capacity of all three species, suggesting S. patens is not a maintainer species, as previously thought, but rather a moderate dune builder even though its growth is less stimulated by sand deposition than A. breviligulata and U. paniculata. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental and Full-Life Cycle Exposures to Guanylurea and Guanylurea–Metformin Mixtures Results in Adverse Effects on Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Ussery Erin , Nielsen Kristin M. , Pandelides Zacharias , Kirkwood Andrea E. , Guchardi John , Holdway Douglas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Metformin is currently thought to be the highest drug by weight released into the aquatic environment, as a direct result of its widespread use in the treatment of a number of human health disorders. The removal of metformin from wastewaters is directly related to the formation of guanylurea (metformin's only known persistent degradation product), which is generally present at higher concentrations in surface waters than the parent compound. With metformin use rising steadily, it is important to characterize the effects of guanylurea on nontarget aquatic organisms. We recently demonstrated the effects of developmental exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of metformin on the growth of early life stage (ELS) medaka as well as effects on the body weight of adult male fish following full-life cycle exposures. In the present study, we describe similar effects of guanylurea exposure on these endpoints and life stages. Guanylurea led to effects on growth in a 28-d ELS assessment that were similar to those of metformin; however, these effects occurred at concentrations in the ng/L range compared with the μg/L range for metformin. A possible sex-dependent association with body weight changes was also observed in adults following a 165-d full-life cycle exposure to guanylurea alone or in a mixture with metformin. To our knowledge, the present is the first study to report the toxicity of guanylurea to nontarget aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;00:1–6. © 2019 SETAC
Conflict within species determines the value of a mutualism between species
Authors: Sun Syuan-Jyun , Horrocks Nicholas P. C. , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMutually beneficial interactions between species play a key role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. Nevertheless, such mutualisms can erode into antagonistic interactions. One explanation is that the fitness costs and benefits of interacting with a partner species vary among individuals. However, it is unclear why such variation exists. Here, we demonstrate that social behavior within species plays an important, though hitherto overlooked, role in determining the relative fitness to be gained from interacting with a second species. By combining laboratory experiments with field observations, we report that conflict within burying beetles Nicrophorus vespilloides influences the fitness that can be gained from interacting with the mite Poecilochirus carabi. Beetles transport these mites to carrion, upon which both species breed. We show that mites help beetles win intraspecific contests for this scarce resource: mites raise beetle body temperature, which enhances beetle competitive prowess. However, mites confer this benefit only upon smaller beetles, which are otherwise condemned by their size to lose contests for carrion. Larger beetles need no assistance to win a carcass and then lose reproductive success when breeding alongside mites. Thus, the extent of mutualism is dependent on an individual's inability to compete successfully and singlehandedly with conspecifics. Mutualisms degrade into antagonism when interactions with a partner species start to yield a net fitness loss, rather than a net fitness gain. This study suggests that interactions with conspecifics determine where this tipping point lies.
Anti‐obesity and hypolipidemic effect of water extract from Pleurotus citrinopileatus in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Sheng Yao , Zhao Changhui , Zheng Shujuan , Mei Xiaohong , Huang Kunlun , Wang Guoyi , He Xiaoyun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObesity has become one of the most important health problems worldwide requiring urgent need for efficient control. Pleurotus citrinopileatus (P. citrinopileatus)—a type of edible mushroom with abundant bioactive molecules—is a promising source for achieving this goal. In the present study, we evaluated the anti‐obesity and hypolipidemic effect of P. citrinopileatus water extract (PWE) using a series of biochemical assays in randomized high‐fat diet‐induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice, which were gavaged daily with low or high levels of PWE (400 or 800 mg/kg of body weight, respectively) in addition to high‐fat diet for 12 weeks. Results showed that PWE significantly reduced the weight gain, fat accumulation, and food intake of DIO mice within 12 weeks. PWE also decreased the serum triglycerides, cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein, aspartate transaminase, nonesterified fatty acid, and creatinine, but increased high‐density lipoprotein. Additionally, PWE improved the glucose tolerance of mice fed with high fat. From above, we conclude that PWE has great potential as functional foods for management of obesity and/or associated metabolic disorders.
Effects of combined high pressure and enzymatic treatments on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of peanut proteins
Authors: Dong Xin‐hong , Li Jing , Jiang Guo‐xiang , Li Hai‐yun , Zhao Mou‐ming , Jiang Yue‐ming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIsolated peanut protein (PPI) dispersions were pretreated by high pressure at 100, 300, and 500 MPa prior to enzymatic hydrolysis with alkaline protease (Alcalase). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) was determined by the pH‐stat method, the hydrolysates profiles were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the molecular weight distribution (MWD) was analyzed by gel filtration chromatogram (GFC), and content of SH/S‐S and antioxidant activity of hydrolysates were evaluated. Results showed that HP pretreatment improved effectively the enzymatic hydrolysis of PPI, with an effective sequence of 300 > 100 > 500 MPa. However, no significant differences were observed in the peak pattern of HPLC profiles, but the peak times were earlier in HPLC profiles of the HP‐treated protein. GFC analysis showed that more peptide fractions with low molecular weight appeared in the hydrolysates of the HP‐treated PPI with increasing pressure. Moreover, the level of free SH of hydrolysates of the HP‐treated PPI was relatively higher than non‐HP‐treated PPI. The hydrolysates of the HP‐treated PPI exerted higher antioxidant activity (reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging) than the hydrolysates of non‐HP‐treated PPI. The results indicated that high pressure treatment affected the enzymatic hydrolysis of peanut protein and some protein structure properties and improved antioxidant activity of PPI hydrolysates.
Microplastics in Freshwater Biota: A Critical Review of Isolation, Characterization, and Assessment Methods
Authors: O'Connor James D. , Mahon Anne Marie , Ramsperger Anja F. R. M. , Trotter Benjamin , Redondo‐Hasselerharm Paula E. , Koelmans Albert A. , Lally Heather T. , Murphy Sinéad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFreshwater systems provide key pathways for microplastic (MP) pollution, and although existing studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of freshwater biota to ingestion, translocation, and trophic transfer, specific challenges pertaining to methodological standardization remain largely unresolved, particularly with respect to isolating, characterizing, and assessing MPs. Here, a critical review is performed outlining the challenges and limitations currently faced by freshwater MP researchers, which may well apply across the MP research spectrum. Recommendations are provided for methodological standardization, particularly in MP characterization, quality assurance, and quality control (QA/QC) procedures as well as reporting. Considerations for the assessment of MPs in freshwater biota as a means of improving comparisons between studies are discussed. Technological advancements, including the improvement of laboratory infrastructure for identifying MPs within the smaller size range as well as methodological standardization are essential in providing policy makers with tools and measures necessary to determine the distribution of MPs within freshwater ecosystems, while also allowing for comparability and providing compliance for future monitoring requirements.
A strontium isoscape of north‐east Australia for human provenance and repatriation
Authors: Adams Shaun , Grün Rainer , McGahan David , Zhao Jian‐Xin , Feng Yuexing , Nguyen Ai , Willmes Malte , Quaresimin Michael , Lobsey Brett , Collard Mark , Westaway Michael C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt has been estimated that up to 25% of Indigenous human remains held in Australian institutions are unprovenanced. Geochemical tracers like strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) have been used globally for over 40 years to discern human provenance and provide independent data to aid in repatriation efforts. To reliably apply this technology, landscape 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio variability must be quantified. In Australia, only a few studies have used this technique and they are lacking in detail. Here, we present Australia's first regional strontium isotope ratio variability study. We measured strontium isotope ratios in soil, plant, water, and faunal material throughout Cape York, Queensland, the most northerly point of mainland Australia. Results show a close correlation between surface soil leachates, vegetation, surface water, and faunal 87Sr/86Sr results with extremely high values (0.78664) associated with ancient Precambrian geology. Our study suggests that measuring 87Sr/86Sr in soil and plant samples offer a reliable approach for assessing regional Sr isotope distribution, although the inclusion of mammal and freshwater samples is also important to assess exogenous inputs. This study provides an important tool for modern and prehistoric provenance studies and may aid in answering some of Australia's most enduring archaeological questions.
Transformed follicular lymphoma in the rituximab era: A report from the Spanish Lymphoma Oncology Group
Authors: Méndez Miriam , Torrente Maria , Sánchez‐Beato Margarita , González‐Rincón Julia , Royuela Ana , Gómez‐Codina José , de la Cruz‐Merino Luis , Rueda Antonio , Llanos Marta , Quero Cristina , Rodríguez‐Abreu Delvys , Gumá Josep , Monsalvo Silvia , Sabin Pilar , Provencio Mariano 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFollicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most common non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) subtype. The histological transformation (HT) of FL is an event considered frequent in the natural history of this tumor. We studied the transformation rates, predictive factors, and treatment characteristics that may impact in the survival of patients with FL and HT. A total of 1074 patients diagnosed with FL were prospectively enrolled from 1990 to 2016 in a Spanish registry. Sixty‐four HTs were recorded based on clinical criteria (55%) or histological confirmation (45%). The cumulative incidence rate of transformation at 5 years is 7.3%. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) without HT was 85% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70%‐90%) vs 66% (95% CI, 51%‐76%; P = 0.0012) with HT. Factors associated with HT were elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (odds ratio [OR] 1.83), intermediate‐high Follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) (OR 2.16‐OR 3.21), B symptoms (OR 2.46), or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 1 (OR 2.35). Treatment options related to HT were “watch and wait” or no rituximab or anthracyclines initially. A 5‐year OS for patients treated with chemotherapy before HT was 55% (95% CI, 38%‐69%) versus 81% (95% CI, 53%‐93%; P = 0.009) for those who had not received it. The HT rate has decreased after the introduction of rituximab, as has been previously described. The timing of this treatment had an impact on the survival of these patients.