bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term deepened snow promotes tundra evergreen shrub growth and summertime ecosystem net CO2 gain but reduces soil carbon and nutrient pools
Authors: Christiansen Casper T. , Lafreniére Melissa J. , Henry Gregory H. R. , Grogan Paul 
Published: February 2018

AbstractArctic climate warming will be primarily during winter, resulting in increased snowfall in many regions. Previous tundra research on the impacts of deepened snow has generally been of short duration. Here, we report relatively long‐term (7–9 years) effects of experimentally deepened snow on plant community structure, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), and soil biogeochemistry in Canadian Low Arctic mesic shrub tundra. The snowfence treatment enhanced snow depth from 0.3 to ~1 m, increasing winter soil temperatures by ~3°C, but with no effect on summer soil temperature, moisture, or thaw depth. Nevertheless, shoot biomass of the evergreen shrub Rhododendron subarcticum was near‐doubled by the snowfences, leading to a 52% increase in aboveground vascular plant biomass. Additionally, summertime NEE rates, measured in collars containing similar plant biomass across treatments, were consistently reduced ~30% in the snowfenced plots due to decreased ecosystem respiration rather than increased gross photosynthesis. Phosphate in the organic soil layer (0–10 cm depth) and nitrate in the mineral soil layer (15–25 cm depth) were substantially reduced within the snowfences (47–70 and 43%–73% reductions, respectively, across sampling times). Finally, the snowfences tended (p = .08) to reduce mineral soil layer C% by 40%, but with considerable within‐ and among plot variation due to cryoturbation across the landscape. These results indicate that enhanced snow accumulation is likely to further increase dominance of R. subarcticum in its favored locations, and reduce summertime respiration and soil biogeochemical pools. Since evergreens are relatively slow growing and of low stature, their increased dominance may constrain vegetation‐related feedbacks to climate change. We found no evidence that deepened snow promoted deciduous shrub growth in mesic tundra, and conclude that the relatively strong R. subarcticum response to snow accumulation may explain the extensive spatial variability in observed circumpolar patterns of evergreen and deciduous shrub growth over the past 30 years.
A Diary Study of Basic Psychological Needs and Daily Headache Experience
Authors: Greene Nathaniel R. , Smith C. Veronica , Jewell Devin E. , Smitherman Todd A. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveA diary study was conducted to investigate the relationships between headache activity and basic psychological needs satisfaction.MethodsOne hundred sixteen young adults (M age = 19.17 (SD = 2.90); 81.7% female; 75.9% Caucasian) completed an online daily diary of headache activity and needs satisfaction for 3 weeks. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling.ResultsOn days when headache occurred, participants reported decreased needs satisfaction of competence (γ10 = −0.18, P = .014) and relatedness (γ10 = −0.24, P = .003), and a marginal but not significant reduction in autonomy (γ10 = −0.13, P = .067). Additionally, more severe headaches were associated with decreased needs satisfaction in autonomy (γ10 = −0.08, P = .009), competence (γ10 = −0.08, P = .011), and relatedness (γ10 = −0.09, P = .005). Presence of a headache diagnosis did not moderate the relationship between headache occurrence and basic needs satisfaction (all Ps ≥ .24).ConclusionsThis preliminary study is the first to show that headache is related to reduced basic psychological needs satisfaction, providing a potential account for one mechanism by which headache may negatively affect quality of life. Further research is needed to extend these findings to larger samples of migraine sufferers to enable more thorough between‐group comparisons of headache‐related burden on basic needs satisfaction. These findings may be informative for treatment approaches that focus on outcomes beyond mere symptom reduction.
Lipid‐lowering therapy use and achievement of cholesterol targets in an Australian diabetes clinic
Authors: Kiburg Katerina V. , Ward Glenn M. , O’Neal David N. , MacIsaac Richard J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe documented temporal changes in the use of lipid‐lowering medications and achievement of cholesterol targets in an Australian diabetes clinic. The number of patients using lipid‐lowering therapy for primary or secondary cardiovascular prevention increased from 6 to 69% between 1993–1995 and 2014–2016, which corresponded to a decrease in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from 3.7 to 2.4 mmol/L (P < 0.01).
Assessment of potential opioid toxicity and response to naloxone by rapid response teams at an urban Melbourne hospital
Authors: Gunasekaran Bharathy , Weil Jennifer , Whelan Tom , Santamaria John , Boughey Mark 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOpioid prescriptions have significantly increased in recent years and are used for a wide variety of indications. Electronic medical records of 45 patients who received naloxone by a rapid response team over an 18‐month period were retrospectively reviewed. This study found inconsistencies in the management of possible opioid toxicity with variation in the total naloxone dose and number of doses administered. This highlights the importance of a standardised protocol for recognition and management of opioid overdose.
Metformin‐induced encephalopathy: the role of thiamine
Authors: McGarvey Caoimhe , Franconi Catherine , Prentice David , Bynevelt Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA case of metformin encephalopathy is presented in a patient on haemodialysis for end‐stage diabetic renal failure. The patient presented with frequent falls and clinical signs of Parkinsonism, on a background of recent anorexia and significant weight loss. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral, symmetrical abnormalities centred on the lentiform nuclei. Metformin was withheld and signs and symptoms quickly resolved. We hypothesise that metformin may cause thiamine deficiency in patients with end‐stage renal failure resulting in a specific metabolic encephalopathy.
High urinary interleukin‐8 levels is associated with poor prognosis in idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Chen Jilin , Fu Xiaoye , Sun Yanling , Zhang Shengkun , Xie Hua , Lin Hongli 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBiomarkers required to assess accurately the prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) are still unavailable. A retrospective study on 156 IMN patients showed only urinary IL‐8 was associated with the achievement of initial complete remission (CR) in IMN patients. A urinary IL‐8 level of less than 61.25 pg/mL was more sensitive for prediction of CR in IMN patients. Therefore, urinary IL‐8 may be a potential biomarker for evaluating short‐term prognosis of IMN patients.
Climate change: allergens and allergic diseases
Authors: Katelaris Constance H. , Beggs Paul J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractClimate change has been described as the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. The atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, have increased significantly since the start of the Industrial Era around 1750, with much of this increase occurring over just the last 50 years or so. This is resulting in warming of the climate system as well as changes in precipitation and weather and climate extremes. These changes in climate are having wide‐ranging impacts on the Earth’s physical, biological and human systems, including human health. It is these impacts of climate change on human health that are the focus of this paper, particularly the impacts on allergens and allergic diseases. Such impacts are particularly significant in many countries where the prevalence of such diseases is high and/or increasing. There is now compelling evidence that rising air temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations are, in some plant species, resulting in increased pollen production and allergenicity and advancement and lengthening of the pollen season. Changes in extreme events, such as thunderstorms and tropical cyclones, will also have impacts on allergic diseases, with, for example, the flooding associated with tropical cyclones leading to proliferation of mould growth in damp homes. The article also considers a range of responses to these health threats, including greenhouse gas mitigation, and adaptation strategies, such as enhanced environmental monitoring and health surveillance and adequate planning for the future medical workforce.
Management of neurosyphilis: time for a new approach?
Authors: Smibert Olivia C. , Jenney Adam W. J. , Spelman Denis W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGiven the long term sequelae of untreated neurosyphilis and insensitive tests to detect treponemes in the cerebrospinal fluid, questions regarding the utility of a lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis either to confirm or exclude neurosyphilis are raised.
Indirect presentation in the thymus limits naive and regulatory T‐cell differentiation by promoting deletion of self‐reactive thymocytes
Authors: Yap Jin Yan , Wirasinha Rushika C. , Chan Anna , Howard Debbie R. , Goodnow Christopher C. , Daley Stephen R. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryAcquisition of T‐cell central tolerance involves distinct pathways of self‐antigen presentation to thymocytes. One pathway termed indirect presentation requires a self‐antigen transfer step from thymic epithelial cells (TECs) to bone marrow‐derived cells before the self‐antigen is presented to thymocytes. The role of indirect presentation in central tolerance is context‐dependent, potentially due to variation in self‐antigen expression, processing and presentation in the thymus. Here, we report experiments in mice in which TECs expressed a membrane‐bound transgenic self‐antigen, hen egg lysozyme (HEL), from either the insulin (insHEL) or thyroglobulin (thyroHEL) promoter. Intrathymic HEL expression was less abundant and more confined to the medulla in insHEL mice compared with thyroHEL mice. When indirect presentation was impaired by generating mice lacking MHC class II expression in bone marrow‐derived antigen‐presenting cells, insHEL‐mediated thymocyte deletion was abolished, whereas thyroHEL‐mediated deletion occurred at a later stage of thymocyte development and Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cell differentiation increased. Indirect presentation increased the strength of T‐cell receptor signalling that both self‐antigens induced in thymocytes, as assessed by Helios expression. Hence, indirect presentation limits the differentiation of naive and regulatory T cells by promoting deletion of self‐reactive thymocytes.
Phylogeography of a ‘great speciator’ (Aves:Edolisoma tenuirostre) reveals complex dispersal and diversification dynamics across the Indo‐Pacific
Authors: Pedersen Michael Pepke , Irestedt Martin , Joseph Leo , Rahbek Carsten , Jønsson Knud Andreas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimWe derive a new phylogenetic framework of the Indo‐Pacific avian genusEdolisomabased on a dense taxon sampling and use it in an explicit spatiotemporal framework to understand the history of intraspecific diversification dynamics in a ‘great speciator’, the CicadabirdEdolisoma tenuirostre/remotumcomplex.LocationThe Indo‐Pacific island region, Australia and New Guinea.TaxonCorvoid passerine birds (Passeriformes).MethodsWe used Bayesian phylogenetic methods (beast) to construct a time‐calibrated molecular phylogeny of all 19 species in the genusEdolisomaand 27 of 29 subspecies of theE. tenuirostre/remotumcomplex (previouslyCoracina tenuirostris) primarily based on one mitochondrial DNA marker. Ancestral area reconstruction methods (‘BioGeoBEARS’) were used to infer the historical biogeography of the genus. We used population‐level analyses to assess intraspecific phylogeography and a molecular species delimitation test to evaluate the current taxonomy. A morphometric dataset was used to discuss differential dispersal ability among taxa.ResultsEdolisomaoriginated in the late Miocene and diversification within theE. tenuirostre/remotumcomplex began in the Pleistocene. Within the North Melanesian and North Wallacean archipelagos, which have experienced several waves of diversification, we find significant patterns of genetic isolation by distance, but not within the Australo‐Papuan ‘mainland’, which was recently back‐colonized from these archipelagos. Based on the phylogeny, we suggest several taxonomic changes. We also discuss evidence of taxon cycles withinEdolisomabased on correlations of species age, elevational ranges and dispersal ability.Main conclusionsThe biogeographical history and patterns of differentiation between phylogroups withinE. tenuirostresupport the importance of barriers to gene flow in island systems. Examples of both recent genetic exchange across significant sea barriers and differentiation across much smaller water gaps suggest complex dispersal and diversification dynamics. The capacity for dispersal away from islands, and gradual shifts in dispersal ability in relation to the geographical setting, is supported as important factors in generating a ‘great speciator’.
Extracellular vesicles have variable dose‐dependent effects on cultured draining cells in the eye
Authors: Tabak Saray , Schreiber‐Avissar Sofia , Beit‐Yannai Elie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as signal mediators has been described in many biological fields. How many EVs are needed to deliver the desired physiological signal is yet unclear. Using a normal trabecular meshwork (NTM) cell culture exposed to non‐pigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE)–derived EVs, a relevant model for studying the human ocular drainage system, we addressed the EVs dose–response effects on the Wnt signaling. The objective of the study was to investigate the dosing effects of NPCE‐derived EVs on TM Wnt signaling. EVs were isolated by PEG 8000 method from NPCE and RPE cells (used as controls) conditioned media. Concentrations were determined by Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing method. Various exosomes concentration were incubated with TM cells, for the determination of mRNA (β‐Catenin, Axin2 and LEF1) and protein (β‐Catenin, GSK‐3β) expression using real‐time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. Exposure of NTM cells for 8 hrs to low EVs concentrations was associated with a significant decreased expression of β‐Catenin, GSK‐3β, as opposed to exposure to high exosomal concentrations. Pro‐MMP9 and MMP9 activities were significantly enhanced in NTM cells treated with high EV concentrations of (X10) as compared to low EV concentrations of either NPCE‐ or RPE‐derived EVs and to untreated control. Our data support the concept that EVs biological effects are concentration‐dependent at their target site. Specifically in the present study, we described a general dose–response at the gene and MMPs activity and a different dose–response regarding key canonical Wnt proteins expression.
Alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Authors: Zhou Youlian , Ou Zhitao , Tang Xiaoping , Zhou Yongjian , Xu Haoming , Wang Xianfei , Li Kang , He Jie , Du Yanlei , Wang Hong , Chen Ye , Nie Yuqiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is associated with gastrointestinal disease, systemic immune activation and changes in the gut microbiota. Here, we aim to investigate the gut microbiota patterns of HIV‐infected individuals and HIV‐uninfected individuals in populations from South China. We enrolled 33 patients with HIV (14 participants treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] for more than 3 months; the remaining 19 individuals had not received treatment) and 35 healthy controls (HC) for a cross‐sectional comparison of gut microbiota using stool samples. Gut microbial communities were profiled by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Dysbiosis was more common among patients with AIDS compared with healthy individuals. Dysbiosis was characterized by decreased α‐diversity, low mean counts of Bacteroidetes, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, Bacteroides vulgatus, Dialister and Roseburia inulnivorans, and high mean counts of Proteobacteria, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Lachnociostridium, Ruminococcus gnavus and Streptococcus vestibularis. Increased abundance of Bacilli was observed in homosexual patients. Proteobacteria were higher among heterosexual patients with HIV infections. Tenericutes were higher among patients with history of intravenous drug abuse. Restoration of gut microbiota diversity and a significant increase in abundance of Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Bacteroides were found in patients receiving HAART compared to those who did not receive. HIV infection‐associated dysbiosis is characterized by decreased levels of α‐diversity and Bacteroidetes, increased levels of Proteobacteria and the alterations of gut microbiota correlate with the route of HIV transmission. The imbalanced faecal microbiota of HIV infection is partially restored after therapy.
SPION‐mediated miR‐141 promotes the differentiation of HuAESCs into dopaminergic neuron‐like cells via suppressing lncRNA‐HOTAIR
Authors: Liu Te , Zhang Hu , Zheng Jiajia , Lin Jiajia , Huang Yongyi , Chen Jiulin , Yu Zhihua , Guo Lihe , Pan Weidong , Xiong Ying , Chen Chuan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this study, a bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that microRNA‐141 could silence the expression of lncRNA‐HOTAIR by binding to specific sites on lncRNA‐HOTAIR. We used superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to mediate the high expression of microRNA‐141 (SPIONs@miR‐141) in human amniotic epithelial stem cells (HuAESCs), which was followed by the induction of the differentiation of HuAESCs into dopaminergic neuron‐like cells (iDNLCs). qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence staining and HPLC all suggested that SPION‐mediated overexpression of miR‐141 could promote an increased expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), DAT and 5‐TH in HuAESC‐derived iDNLCs. The RIP and ChIP assay also showed that overexpression of miR‐141 could significantly inhibit the recruitment and binding of lncRNA‐HOTAIR to EZH2 on BDNF gene promoter. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that the expression levels of 190 genes were much higher in iDNLCs than in HuAESCs. Finally, a protein interaction network analysis and identification showed that in the iDNLC group with SPIONs@miR‐141, factors that interact with BDNF, such as FGF8, SHH, NTRK3 and CREB1, all showed significantly higher expression levels compared with those in the SPIONs@miR‐Mut. Therefore, this study confirmed that the highly efficient expression of microRNA‐141 mediated by SPIONs could improve the efficiency of HuAESCs differentiation into dopaminergic neuron‐like cells.
Promoting evidence‐based urinary incontinence management in acute nursing and rehabilitation care—A process evaluation of an implementation intervention in the orthopaedic context
Authors: Hälleberg Nyman Maria , Forsman Henrietta , Wallin Lars , Ostaszkiewicz Joan , Hommel Ami , Eldh Ann Catrine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe risk of developing urinary incontinence (UI) is associated with older age and hip surgery. There has been limited focus on factors that promote evidence‐based UI practice in the orthopaedic context. The aim of this study was to evaluate an implementation intervention to support evidence‐based practice for UI in patients aged 65 or older undergoing hip surgery.MethodsA 3‐month intervention was delivered in 2014 to facilitate the implementation of UI knowledge in orthopaedic units in 2 hospitals in Sweden. Each unit appointed a multidisciplinary team of nurses and physiotherapists or occupational therapists to facilitate the implementation. The teams were supported by external facilitators who shared knowledge about UI and implementation science. Interviews, nonparticipant observations, and audits of patient records were performed.ResultsPrior to the intervention, there was no use of guidelines regarding UI. The intervention raised the internal facilitators' awareness of UI risks associated with hip surgery. As internal facilitators shared this information with their peers, staff awareness of UI increased. The teams of internal facilitators described needing additional time and support from managers to implement evidence‐based UI care. A management initiative triggered by the intervention increased the documentation of UI and urinary problems in 1 unit.ConclusionTo promote evidence‐based practice related to safe procedures for older people in hospital care, there is a need to better understand strategies that successfully facilitate knowledge implementation. This study suggests that a multiprofessional team approach is promising for instigating a process towards evidence‐based management of UI.
Development of a novel edible coating made by Balangu seed mucilage and Feverfew essential oil and investigation of its effect on the shelf life of beef slices during refrigerated storage through intelligent modeling
Authors: Alizadeh Behbahani Behrooz , Imani Fooladi Abbas Ali 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this study, multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function network (RBFN) were employed to predict the population of microbial pathogens, chemical changes and sensory attributes of the beef slices. The chemical composition of Tanacetum parthenium essential oil (TPEO) was determined through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Disk diffusion agar, well diffusion agar, pour plate, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration were used to evaluated the antimicrobial effect of TPEO. The contents of phytochemical and total phenolic compounds as well as the antioxidant activity of TPEO were also measured. Camphor with a percentage of 44.2% was the major compound of TPEO. The total phenolic content and antioxidant power of TPEO were equal to 151.2 ± 2.10 µg/ml gallic acid equivalent and 57.25 ± 0.2 µg/ml, respectively. MLP and RBFN are both capable of fitting the data and predicting. However, RBFN, due to its lower mean squared error, had a better performance than MLP.Practical applicationsIn recent years, given the concerns about the risks of the consumption of chemical and synthetic preservatives, there has been a considerable tendency towards replacing them with natural preservatives. Lallemantia royleana seed mucilage (LRSM) is a native Iranian hydrocolloid which can be utilized in producing edible coatings and in the formulations of food products. Feverfew is a valuable medicinal plant which is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, pain, fever and infection. In the present study, LRSM and LRSM + 1% TPEO extended the shelf life of beef up to 3 days, whereas LRSM + 1.5% TPEO and LRSM + 2% TPEO resulted in a significant shelf life extension of the samples by 9 days, as compared with the control. These results suggested that LRSM coating combined with TPEO could be used as an effective natural alternative to improve the quality of beef during refrigerate storage.