bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The correlation between mandibular third molar and mandibular angle fracture among patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
Authors: Asif J.A. , Alam M.K. , Haque S. , Rashdan N.H.B.M. , Mahmoud M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe purpose for this study was to investigate and elucidate the relationships between the mandibular third molar and mandibular angle fractures.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study incorporated the presence, position and angulation of mandibular third molar and prevalence of fracture of angle of mandible among patients treated in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. The medical records were scanned and 427 patients with mandibular fractures from 2001 until 2016 were identified. Depending on the notes and various radiographic images, 77 of 427 patients had mandibular angle fracture. The presence or absence of impacted mandibular third molar was assessed for each patient that had angle fracture. In presence of impacted mandibular third molar, their position and angulation of the tooth were evaluated. The positions were classified using Pell and Gregory system while the angulations were classified using Winter's classification. Data were analysed using SPSS 22.0 system and applying a chi‐square test.ResultsAmong 77 patients with angle fracture, 67 (87%) had impacted mandibular third molar while 10 (13%) had no evidence of mandibular third molar. The incidence of mandibular angle fracture was found to be significantly greater when impacted third molar was present (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the patients with impacted mandibular third molar have an increased risk of mandibular angle fracture compared to those without.
Yield improvement in maize for tolerance to low soil nitrogen
Authors: Ajala Sam Oyewole , Olaniyan Amudalat Bolanle , Olayiwola Muyideen Oluseyi , Job Anthony Oluwatoyosi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLow soil nitrogen limits maize (Zea mays L.) production in the West and Central African subregion. Levels of residual genetic variability were determined in two low‐N populations using selfed progeny evaluations, and results obtained indicate large genotypic and phenotypic variances for grain yield under both low‐ and high‐N environments for effective selection, while heritability estimates were generally low. Ear aspect and stay green were the most important traits contributing to grain yield for both populations. Selection reduced days to flowering, ASI and ear aspect, but increased plant height and yield. Yield gains of more than 25% occurred for the two populations under both low and high N with the most significant change of 42% occurring in one population under high N.
Maternal inheritance of male sterility in the progeny of a natural hybrid between Cajanus lineatus and C. cajan
Authors: Saxena Kul Bhushan , Kumar Ravikotti Vijaya , Rao Rama , Saxena Rachit Kumar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAdoption of pigeonpea hybrids in central and southern India is showing high impact with on‐farm yield advantages of >30%. The hybrid pigeonpea technology, the first in any legume crop, is based on a cytoplasmic‐nuclear male‐sterility (CMS) system. For a long‐term sustainability of hybrid programme, it is imperative that both nuclear diversity and cytoplasmic diversity are maintained among hybrid parents. In this context, a continuous search for new CMS‐inducing cytoplasms is necessary. This paper reports detection of maternal inheritance of male sterility in the progeny derived from a natural hybrid between a wild relative [Cajanus lineatus (W. & A.) Maesen comb. nov.] of pigeonpea and an unknown pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] genotype. In the present study, the male sterility was maintained up to BC7F1 generation by an advanced breeding pigeonpea line ICPL 99044. This male sterility inducing cytoplasm of C. lineatus was tagged as A6. In future, this CMS genetic stock can be used to develop a range of new pigeonpea hybrids with high yield and adaptation.
Global spatial analysis of Arabidopsis natural variants implicates 5′UTR splicing of LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL in responses to temperature
Authors: James Allan B. , Sullivan Stuart , Nimmo Hugh G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHow plants perceive and respond to temperature remains an important question in the plant sciences. Temperature perception and signal transduction may occur through temperature‐sensitive intramolecular folding of primary mRNA transcripts. Recent studies suggested a role for retention of the first intron in the 5′UTR of the clock component LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY) in response to changes in temperature. Here, we identified a set of haplotypes in the LHY 5′UTR, examined their global spatial distribution, and obtained evidence that haplotype can affect temperature‐dependent splicing of LHY transcripts. Correlations of haplotype spatial distributions with global bioclimatic variables and altitude point to associations with annual mean temperature and temperature fluctuation. Relatively rare relict type accessions correlate with lower mean temperature and greater temperature fluctuation and the spatial distribution of other haplotypes may be informative of evolutionary processes driving colonization of ecosystems. We propose that haplotypes may possess distinct 5′UTR pre‐mRNA folding thermodynamics and/or specific biological stabilities based around the binding of trans‐acting RNA splicing factors, a consequence of which is scalable splicing sensitivity of a central clock component that is likely tuned to specific temperature environments.
Molecular mechanisms underpinning phosphorus‐use efficiency in rice
Authors: Dissanayaka D.M.S.B. , Plaxton William C. , Lambers Hans , Siebers Meike , Marambe Buddhi , Wasaki Jun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOrthophosphate (H2PO4−, Pi) is an essential macronutrient integral to energy metabolism as well as a component of membrane lipids, nucleic acids, including ribosomal RNA, and therefore essential for protein synthesis. The Pi concentration in the solution of most soils worldwide is usually far too low for maximum growth of crops, including rice. This has prompted the massive use of inefficient, polluting, and nonrenewable phosphorus (P) fertilizers in agriculture. We urgently need alternative and more sustainable approaches to decrease agriculture's dependence on Pi fertilizers. These include manipulating crops by (a) enhancing the ability of their roots to acquire limiting Pi from the soil (i.e. increased P‐acquisition efficiency) and/or (b) increasing the total biomass/yield produced per molecule of Pi acquired from the soil (i.e. increased P‐use efficiency). Improved P‐use efficiency may be achieved by producing high‐yielding plants with lower P concentrations or by improving the remobilization of acquired P within the plant so as to maximize growth and biomass allocation to developing organs. Membrane lipid remodelling coupled with hydrolysis of RNA and smaller P‐esters in senescing organs fuels P remobilization in rice, the world's most important cereal crop.
Sex ratio rather than population size affects genetic diversity in Antennaria dioica
Authors: Rosche C. , Schrieber K. , Lachmuth S. , Durka W. , Hirsch H. , Wagner V. , Schleuning M. , Hensen I. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Habitat fragmentation and small population size can lead to genetic erosion in threatened plant populations. Classical theory implies that dioecy can counteract genetic erosion as it decreases the magnitude of inbreeding and genetic drift due to obligate outcrossing. However, in small populations, sex ratios may be strongly male‐ or female‐biased, leading to substantial reductions in effective population size. This may theoretically result in a unimodal relationship between sex ratios and genetic diversity; yet, empirical studies on this relationship are scarce.

Using AFLP markers, we studied genetic diversity, structure and differentiation in 14 highly fragmented Antennaria dioica populations from the Central European lowlands. Our analyses focused on the relationship between sex ratio, population size and genetic diversity.

Although most populations were small (mean: 35.5 patches), genetic diversity was moderately high. We found evidence for isolation‐by‐distance, but overall differentiation of the populations was rather weak. Females dominated 11 populations, which overall resulted in a slightly female‐biased sex ratio (61.5%). There was no significant relationship between population size and genetic diversity. The proportion of females was not unimodally but positively linearly related to genetic diversity.

The high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation suggest that A. dioica has been widely distributed in the Central European lowlands in the past, while fragmentation occurred only in the last decades. Sex ratio has more immediate consequences on genetic diversity than population size. An increasing proportion of females can increase genetic diversity in dioecious plants, probably due to a higher amount of sexual reproduction.
The Impact of Computing Interpregnancy Intervals Without Accounting for Intervening Pregnancy Events
Authors: Conzuelo‐Rodriguez Gabriel , Naimi Ashley I. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundShort interpregnancy intervals (IPI) are associated with poor birth outcomes. Often, only livebirths are considered to estimate IPI. The objective of our work is to explore whether the associations between demographic, behavioural, and pregnancy variables and IPI change when events other than livebirth are included.MethodsWe used data from the 2006–10 and 2011–13 period of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). We defined IPI using the conception date of the index pregnancy and the event date of the previous one ending in (i) livebirth; (ii) stillbirth; (iii) miscarriage; (iv) abortion; or (v) any of these events. Risk ratios (RR) were estimated for short IPI (<18 months), and demographic, pregnancy, and behavioural variables using log‐linear models.ResultsWhen intervening events are included, the association between short IPI and its predictors vary by definition, especially for unintended versus intended pregnancies (only livebirth risk ratio [RR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 1.5) versus livebirth and miscarriage RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.0, 1.3) and women older than 30 vs. younger than 20 at resolution of the previous pregnancy (only livebirth RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.0, 1.5 versus livebirth and miscarriage RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.2, 1.6).ConclusionsIncluding miscarriage as an intervening event in the calculation of IPI changes the association between several risk factors and short IPI. However, the association between short IPI and preterm birth does not vary when different IPI calculations are used.
Application of herbal anaesthetics in aquaculture
Authors: Hoseini Seyyed Morteza , Taheri Mirghaed Ali , Yousefi Morteza 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnaesthesia is a widely used tool in fish handling, sampling and surgery in aquaculture; thus, fish anaesthesiology has been studied for a long time. In this case, there are several common anaesthetics in aquaculture, namely tricaine methanesulfonate (a chemical agent) and clove oil (a natural agent). Recently, there was an increasing interest to use herbal materials (other than clove oil) in fish anaesthesia. In this review, current knowledge about the use of herbal anaesthetics has been summarized. To date, essential oils/extracts of different plants have been studied for fish anaesthesia; most of them belong to Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Lauraceae and Myrtaceae. In addition, menthol, linalool, myrcene, cineole, globulol, spathulenol, guaiol, caryophyllene oxide, terpinen‐4‐ol and dehydrofukinone are herbal compounds that their anaesthetic effects have been studied in fish. Compared with clove oil and eugenol as the most common herbal anaesthetic, all tested herbal materials are less efficacious to anaesthetize fish. Some plants’ essential oil/extract, namely Aloysia triphylla, Myrcia sylvatica, Lippia alba and Curcuma longa, have beneficial health effects including suppression of physiological and oxidative stress. There is a lack of data in mechanism of anaesthesia and health effects of the herbal anaesthetics, which should be followed in future studies. In addition, most of the current studies have focused on certain fish species such as silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and in most of the studies, essential oils/extracts of South American plants have been used. Thus, there is a need to study other fish and plant species.
Winning or losing in investor‐to‐state dispute resolution: The role of arbitrator bias and experience
Authors: Donaubauer Julian , Neumayer Eric , Nunnenkamp Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhen an investor sues a state for alleged breaches of its obligations under an investment treaty or a trade agreement with investment provisions, all that should matter for who wins the case are the merits of the claim itself. Alas, investor‐to‐state dispute settlement (ISDS) does not take place in a vacuum. Such cases are decided by a tribunal typically consisting of three arbitrators, one each nominated by the two parties while the president is mutually agreed upon. We demonstrate that the kind of involvement of these arbitrators in previous ISDS cases matters for the case under dispute. Specifically, we show that what we label the presidents' pro‐investor appointment bias—the number of times they have previously been nominated by an investor minus the number of times they have represented respondent states—raises the likelihood that an investor wins an ISDS case. The same holds for the pro‐investor appointment bias of state‐appointed arbitrators. Given the president's crucial role, the main implication of our findings is that presidents should be drawn from among those who have not systematically represented more one side than the other in previous cases.
Attitudes Toward Mass Arrivals: Variations by Racial, Spatial, and Temporal Distances to Incoming Disaster Evacuees*
Authors: Raker Ethan J. , Elliott James R. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveDisasters can send large numbers of evacuees into new contexts of reception, where attitudes toward them can vary significantly by perceived social distance. To conventional assessment of such distance along racial lines, we add spatial and temporal distance from point of central arrival.MethodsA novel research design combines the natural experiment triggered by Hurricane Katrina with five consecutive Kinder Houston Area Surveys (2006–2010), which gather data on attitudes toward arrived evacuees as well as tract‐level data on residential context.ResultsRegression analyses reveal that spatial and temporal distance act similarly to racial distance in predicting negative attitudes toward evacuees. Results also show these effects are moderated by the racial context of incumbents’ residential neighborhoods.ConclusionsSocial distance exerts a multifaceted influence on evacuee reception in ways that become especially pertinent in the arrival of communities from large‐scale, urban evacuations.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography for evaluation of blood perfusion in normal canine eyes
Authors: Hong Sunghwa , Park Seungjo , Lee Dahae , Cha Ahyoung , Kim Dongeun , Choi Jihye 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study was performed to evaluate ocular structures using contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in dogs to assess the feasibility of CEUS for investigating the blood perfusion of canine eyes.Animal studiedEight purpose‐bred beagles were used.ProceduresBlood perfusion and vascularity of the right eye were evaluated using color Doppler, power Doppler, and CEUS with Sonazoid®. Vascular changes were quantitatively evaluated by measuring peak intensity, time to initial upslope, and time to peak from the ciliary body, iris, choroid, retina, and the retrobulbar region by CEUS.ResultsOn CEUS images, all parts of the examined ocular structures were markedly enhanced and clearly identified from the adjacent region. After injection, the contrast agent initially flowed to the choroid and retina at 14.2 seconds, then to the ciliary body and iris at 20 seconds. The blood signal reached its peak intensity in the ciliary body at 27.2 seconds (47.4 ± 10.63), in the iris at 31.6 seconds (74.00 ± 41.85), and in the retrobulbar region at 23.4 seconds (149 ± 24.59). The optic nerve was clearly distinguished from the retrobulbar region over 5 minutes after the initiation of CEUS. Significantly, more vascular signals were detected in the ciliary body and iris by CEUS than by color and power Doppler.ConclusionBlood perfusion of the intraocular structures and the retrobulbar region can be quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed by CEUS. CEUS may be a useful, noninvasive, and sensitive tool for the evaluation of blood perfusion in ocular diseases.
The use of hyaluronic acid subdermal filler for entropion in canines and felines: 40 cases
Authors: McDonald Jessica E. , Knollinger Amy M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) subdermal filler in canines and felines for entropion.MethodsComplete ophthalmologic examination was performed by a board‐certified veterinary ophthalmologist or ABVO‐approved resident. Each case was characterized as primary, secondary, spastic or cicatricial entropion. HA subdermal filler, specifically Restylane® and Restylane Silk®, were utilized in dogs and cats, respectively. Subdermal injection was performed 1‐2 mm from the eyelid margin in the affected area until normal eyelid conformation was achieved. All patients did not require sedation or general anesthesia.ResultsForty animals (28 dogs and 12 cats) were included in the study. No local reaction to the HA dermal filler or any other complications other than minor skin bleeding at the injection sites were noted in all patients. Resolution of entropion and secondary complications including corneal ulceration, epiphora, and blepharospasm were noted by the first week after injection in the majority of cases. Three canines and one feline case failed to resolve the entropion, necessitating additional permanent surgical intervention. Two cases were submitted for histopathological analysis. Median follow‐up time for all cases was 152.5 days (mean: 194.6 ± 142.7 days; range 9‐419 days). Five patients died or were euthanized during the study for unrelated causes.ConclusionsHyaluronic acid (HA) subdermal filler appears to be a safe, easy, reliable method for mild to moderate eyelid entropion not requiring general anesthesia. This procedure may be especially appropriate for geriatric patients and those with high anesthetic risk with entropion.
Resveratrol as a Growth Substrate for Bacteria from the Rhizosphere
Authors: Kurt Zohre , Minoia Marco , Spain Jim C. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Resveratrol is among the best-known secondary plant metabolites because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. It also is an important allelopathic chemical widely credited with the protection of plants from pathogens. The ecological role of resveratrol in natural habitats is difficult to establish rigorously, because it does not seem to accumulate outside plant tissue. It is likely that bacterial degradation plays a key role in determining the persistence, and thus the ecological role, of resveratrol in soil. Here, we report the isolation of an
Acinetobacter
species that can use resveratrol as a sole carbon source from the rhizosphere of peanut plants. Both molecular and biochemical techniques indicate that the pathway starts with the conversion of resveratrol to 3,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The aldehydes are oxidized to substituted benzoates that subsequently enter central metabolism. The gene that encodes the enzyme responsible for the oxidative cleavage of resveratrol was cloned and expressed in
Escherichia coli
to establish its function. Its physiological role in the resveratrol catabolic pathway was established by knockouts and by the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) demonstration of expression during growth on resveratrol. The results establish the presence and capabilities of resveratrol-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere of the peanut plants and set the stage for studies to evaluate the role of the bacteria in plant allelopathy.

IMPORTANCE
In addition to its antioxidant properties, resveratrol is representative of a broad array of allelopathic chemicals produced by plants to inhibit competitors, herbivores, and pathogens. The bacterial degradation of such chemicals in the rhizosphere would reduce the effects of the chemicals. Therefore, it is important to understand the activity and ecological role of bacteria that biodegrade resveratrol near the plants that produce it. This study describes the isolation from the peanut rhizosphere of bacteria that can grow on resveratrol. The characterization of the initial steps in the biodegradation process sets the stage for the investigation of the evolution of the catabolic pathways responsible for the biodegradation of resveratrol and its homologs.
A Decade of Streptococcus thermophilus Phage Evolution in an Irish Dairy Plant
Authors: Lavelle Katherine , Murphy James , Fitzgerald Brian , Lugli Gabriele A. , Zomer Aldert , Neve Horst , Ventura Marco , Franz Charles M. , Cambillau Christian , van Sinderen Douwe , Mahony Jennifer 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPhages ofStreptococcus thermophiluspresent a major threat to the production of many fermented dairy products. To date, only a few studies have assessed the biodiversity ofS. thermophilusphages in dairy fermentations. In order to develop strategies to limit phage predation in this important industrial environment, it is imperative that such studies are undertaken and that phage-host interactions of this species are better defined. The present study investigated the biodiversity and evolution of phages within an Irish dairy fermentation facility over an 11-year period. This resulted in the isolation of 17 genetically distinct phages, all of which belong to the so-calledcosgroup. The evolution of phages within the factory appears to be influenced by phages from other dairy plants introduced into the factory for whey protein powder production. Modular exchange, primarily within the regions encoding lysogeny and replication functions, was the major observation among the phages isolated between 2006 and 2016. Furthermore, the genotype of the first isolate in 2006 was observed continuously across the following decade, highlighting the ability of these phages to prevail in the factory setting for extended periods of time. The proteins responsible for host recognition were analyzed, and carbohydrate-binding domains (CBDs) were identified in the distal tail (Dit), the baseplate proteins, and the Tail-associated lysin (Tal) variable regions (VR1 and VR2) of many isolates. This supports the notion thatS. thermophilusphages recognize a carbohydrate receptor on the cell surface of their host.IMPORTANCEDairy fermentations are consistently threatened by the presence of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages or phages), which may lead to a reduction in acidification rates or even complete loss of the fermentate. These phages may persist in factories for long periods of time. The objective of the current study was to monitor the progression of phages infecting the dairy bacteriumStreptococcus thermophilusover a period of 11 years in an Irish dairy plant so as to understand how these phages evolve. A focused analysis of the genomic region that encodes host recognition functions highlighted that the associated proteins harbor a variety of carbohydrate-binding domains, which corroborates the notion that phages ofS. thermophilusrecognize carbohydrate receptors at the initial stages of the phage cycle.