bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pusiau profesionalių rankininkių parengtumo rodiklių ryšys parengiamojo laikotarpio pradžioje
Authors: Onusaitytė Gintarė , Skarbalius Antanas 
Published: May 2019

Tikslas — nustatyti pusiau profesionalių rankininkių (PPR) parengtumą ir parengtumo rodiklių tarpusavio priklau-somybės ypatumus pradedant sportinį sezoną. Buvo nustatyti totaliniai rodikliai ir kūno masės komponentai, atletinis (aerobinė ir anaerobinė ištvermė, kojų raumenų galingumas, vikrumas, judesių dažnumas), techninis (kamuolio metimo greitis, kamuolio metimas į tolį, kamuolio gaudymas ir perdavimas, kamuolio varymas) parengtumas.Žaidėjų vidutinis ūgis 176,3 ± 6,1 cm, kūno masė 69,9 ± 9,7 kg. Kuperio testo metu vidutiniškai žaidėjos nubėgo 2,3 ± 0,19 km, netiesiogiai pagal šį testą vertinta VO 2max didžiausia reikšmė buvo 56,2 ml / kg / min, mažiausia — 38,6 ml / kg / min. Atlikdamos Yo–Yo nutrūkstamo intensyvumo ištvermės ir atsigavimo testus žaidėjos vidutiniškai nubėgo atitinkamai 1593 ± 566 ir 554 ± 204 metrus. Žaidėjų laktato koncentracija kraujyje po testų vidutiniškai buvo 10,4 ± 2,8 ir 13,8 ± 2,7 mmol / l atitinkamai. Atlikdamos jėgos greitumo šuolius žaidėjos vidutiniškai pašoko — 28,2 ± 2,9 cm (be rankų mosto) ir 35,4 ± 3,5 cm (su rankų mostu), greitumo jėgos atitinkamai — 30,2 ± 2,7 ir 36,6 ± 3,4 cm. Didžiausias kamuolio metimo greitis nustatytas tiriamosioms metant į vartus pašokus (71,9 ± 7,4 km / h), mažiausias — kai metama nuo 7 metrų linijos (66,1 ± 6,4 km / h), rankų judesių dažnumas buvo žemas. Lyginant su kitų šalių rankininkėmis, nustatyti tokie parengtumo ypatumai: PPR jėgos greitumo rodikliai yra geresni nei Norve-gijos rankininkių; aerobinė ištvermė blogesnė nei Lenkijos rankininkių. Nustatyti tokie sąveikos ypatumai: glaudus kūno masės ryšys su kojų galingumu (r = 0,40—0,60) ir kojų galingumo su judesių dažnumu (r = 0,55—0,59). Taip pat nustatytas glaudus ryšys tarp kamuolio metimo greičio ir kamuolio metimo į tolį (r = 0,78).Nustatyti pusiau profesionalių vidutinio meistriškumo rankininkių parengtumo rodikliai, jų ryšys turi teorinę ir prak-tinę reikšmę apibūdinant žaidėjų parengtumo lygį ir sudaro prielaidas parengti parengiamojo laikotarpio treniravimo programą. Remiantis C. Carling ir bendraautorių (2009) teiginiais, judamieji gebėjimai tarpusavyje nepriklausomi, bet visi kartu labai reikšmingi. Todėl parengiamuoju laikotarpiu rankininkėms rekomenduotina: lavinti ištvermę, jėgą, kartu padidinant rankininkių aktyviąją kūno masę, kurios dėka pagerėtų kojų raumenų galingumas; gerinti rankų ir kojų judesių dažnumą, kurie yra labai reikšmingi atliekant veiksmus ginantis ir puolant. Tolesni pusiau profesionalių rankininkių treniravimo programų tyrimai leistų ne tik nustatyti jų poveikį parengtumo rodiklių kaitai, bet ir optimizuoti rengimą.Raktažodžiai: moterų rankinis, atletinis ir techninis parengtumas, testavimai.
Concept and Structural Components of Social Skills
Authors: Jurevičienė Margarita , Kaffemanienė Irena , Ruškus Jonas 
Published: May 2019

Research background. Though a variety of social skill explanations exist, in essence they give us plenty examples of controversial interpretation of social skill conception and classification. So, there is a problem of different semantic meanings in the concept of social skills and different classifications of them.Research aims were to reveal the multidimensionality of the construct of social skills and to create a theoretical model of their structure. Research method was theoretical analysis.Discussion and conclusions. After studying various explanations of social skills, we observed that not only a great variety of their interpretations was revealed, but also there is a problem of different semantic meaning: some authors named the same behavioral categories as social competences, others – as social skills, yet others – as social abilities, etc. In addition, the authors present a variety of different classifications of social skill groups and the different structures of social skills. In this theoretical research we tried to analyze and systemize the explanations of social skills with reference to the data of scientific research from various countries. As a result of analysis and systemization of scientific data we offer a model of social skill structure and give interpretation of social skill concept as a multidimensional construct created from integrative, overlapping and supplementing each other structural components of: 1) interaction skills; 2) communication skills; 3) participation skills; 4) emotional skills; and 5) social cognition skills. Each component of social skills is made up of certain behavioral abilities.Keywords: interaction skills; communication skills; participation skills; emotional skills; social cognition skills.
Peculiarities of Aerobic Development in Kayak Rowers Preparing for 1000 m Event
Authors: Nekriošius Ričardas , Dadelienė Rūta , Balčiūnas Egidijus , Milašius Kazys 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Lithuanian scientific publications mostly deal with kayak rowers’ preparation for 200 and 500 m events, while 1000 m event is hardly analyzed yet. Research aim was to project scientifically based program of kayak rowers’ preparation for 1000 m event, which is to develop aerobic capacity in different mezo-cycles, and to evaluate its efficiency.Research methods. Preparation of kayak doubles crew members was investigated; the athletes were the 5 th place winners of 2013 World Cup II event. The carried out training load for aerobic capacity development was divided into 5 zones of intensity. During training sessions, computer program Garmin Connect measured the distance and speed of a boat, as well as athletes’ heart rate (HR). Athletes’ aerobic capacity at critical intensity level (CIL) and anaerobic threshold (ANT) was established using gas analyser ‘Oxycon Mobile’. Research results. As the research showed, the kayak rowers in mezzo-cycles of both preparatory and competition periods carried out very little training load in the fifth zone of intensity. Considerable is also the fact that during competition period, in mezzo-cycle, the total number of kilometres decreased from 218 to 158 km. Discussion and conclusions. The research demonstrated that training workloads in the first and the second zones for elite kayak rowers preparing for 1000 m event in the first mezzo-cycle of competitive period were diminished comparing to the workload carried out in the preparatory period, while the amount of workload in the fourth zone was considerably increased. Adaptation of the two elite athletes to applied training loads is different, although they were following the same program. Due to this fact, the training process of those athletes is recommended to be given more individual approach, though they are rowing one boat.Keywords: kayak rowing, preparatory and competitive periods, training mezzo-cycles, aerobic capacity.
Peculiarities of Psychomotor Reaction of Schoolchildren with Intellectual Disabilities: Aspects of Moderate Intensity Exercising and Age
Authors: Selickaitė Dovilė , Rėklaitienė Diana , Požėrienė Jūratė 
Published: May 2019

Background. Intellectual disability is defined as significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex information, to learn and to apply new skills. Integration into the society and independent living for intellectually disabled people is demanding because of slowdown decision processing. Quick enough response time is of vital importance not only for the motor development but also for faster and better adaptation to the changing life conditions. Methods. The subjects were 112 persons with and without intellectual disability aged 11 to 18 years and recruited for the study. The Reaction Timer RA-1 was used to measure reaction time and to determine the speed characteristics of the person’s psychomotor response before and after moderate intensity exercising. Heart rate monitor Polar RS800 was used to measure the person’s heart rate. Results. The best reaction time was demonstrated by 16-year-old normally developed individuals and those with mild intellectual disability (p < .05). The slowest were 11 and 12-year-old individuals (p < .05). The best reaction time was demonstrated by 14-year-old individuals with moderate intellectual disability and the worst – by 12 and 16 year-old persons with this disability (p < .05).Conclusion. Moderate-intensity exercising has a positive influence on the execution of the complex reaction task (LRHL). The considerable reaction time increase was observed for individuals with moderate intellectual disability.Keywords: intellectual disability, reaction time, moderate intensity exercising.
Postactivation Potentiation Counteracts Low- Frequency Fatigue of Quadriceps Muscle during Explosive Strength Training Session
Authors: Masiulis Nerijus , Skurvydas Albertas , Kamandulis Sigitas , Kamandulienė Lina 
Published: May 2019

Repeated activation of muscle induces processes resulting in decreased performance (fatigue) as well as enhanced performance (postactivation potentiation, (PAP)). This implies that at any time during contraction, fatiguing effects are being countered by potentiation effects, and vise versa. Therefore, which of the processes will be prevalent during and after explosive strength training is not clear.The purpose of this investigation was to study the acute neuromuscular responses to one explosive strength training session. Eleven healthy untrained men (aged 22—35 years) performed explosive strength training session of six sets (ﬁ ve repetitions each) of the unilateral isometric contractions at an angle of 90 degrees in the knee. The contractility of the muscle was monitored via the electrically evoked contractions at 1, 20, and 50 Hz (P 1, P 20, and P 50, re-spectively) before (Ini), after the ﬁ rst and sixth sets as well as during the 5 and 30 min recovery period (A 5 and A 30, respectively). Contraction time (CT) and relaxation time (RT) of a single twitch (P1) of quadriceps was registered. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force as well force developed during 100 ms (MVC 0-100ms ) was also determined. The ratio of P 20 / P 50 kinetics after exercise was used for the evaluation of low-frequency fatigue (LFF). There was statistically signiﬁ cant repetition effect observed on MVC (p = 0.045) and MVC 0-100ms (p = 0.012). After the ﬁ rst set there was a signiﬁ cant increase in muscle force induced by very low (1 Hz) and low (20 Hz) stimulation frequencies and did not change during all explosive strength training session (p < 0.05). The ratio of P 20 / P 50 recorded after the ﬁ rst set increased signiﬁ cantly (p < 0.05), however 30-min after the explosive strength training session it was signiﬁ cantly decrease in P 20 / P50 ratio compared to its Ini level (p < 0.05). The present study showed that potentia-tion increases P 20 / P 50 ratio during the explosive strength training session, however the subsequent (after 30 min of recovery) decline in P 20 / P 50 ratio is an outcome of diminishing inﬂ uence of potentiation on the background of persistent LFF. Therefore, when muscles are potentiated, it may seem as if no LFF is present.Keywords: explosive strength training, low-frequency fatigue, maximum voluntary contraction, post-activation potentiation.
Globos įstaigose ir biologinėse šeimose augančių vaikų aktyvaus laisvalaikio veiklos
Authors: Rėklaitienė Diana , Požėrienė Jūratė , Ostasevičienė Vida , Gaižauskienė Aida 
Published: May 2019

Laisvalaikis yra socialinė erdvė, kurioje baziniai santykiai gali būti stiprinami, plėtojami, išreiškiami. Dėl šios prie-žasties laisvalaikis stipriai susijęs su tuo, kokias vertybes mes puoselėjame, kokie yra mūsų prioritetai, ir tai labai svarbu šeimos, visuomeniniuose santykiuose. Našlaičiams ir tėvų globos netekusiems vaikams, kurie ilgai gyvena vaikų globos institucijose, tapimas savarankiškais ir suaugusiais yra dar labiau apsunkintas, todėl reikalingas nuoseklus, tęstinis vaiko poreikius ir brandą atitinkantis savarankiškų įgūdžių ugdymas. Pasaulyje atlikti tyrimai rodo, kad tėvų globos netekę jaunuoliai yra ypač pažeidžiama socialinė grupė, labiau linkusi į rizikingą elgesį, be to, įvairūs psichinės sveikatos sutrikimai šioje grupėje diagnozuojami kelis kartus dažniau. Pažymėtina, kad Lietuvoje mokslinių tyrimų apie vaikų, gyvenančių globos namuose, gyvenimą iš tiesų trūksta. Nedaug tyrimų ir nagrinėjančių vaikų globos įstaigų ugdytinių pedagogines psichologines problemas, turiningo laisvalaikio reikšmę jų ugdymui. Tyrimo tikslas ⎯ ištirti globos įstaigose ir biologinėse šeimose augančių vaikų aktyvaus laisvalaikio veiklas. Tyrimo uždaviniai: nustatyti, kur ir kokia laisvalaikio veikla turi galimybę ir užsiima globos namuose ir biologinėse šeimose augantys vaikai; ištirti vaikų požiūrį į socialiai netinkamą veiklą; atlikti globos namuose ir biologinėse šeimose augančių vaikų tyrimo rezultatų lyginamąją analizę.Naudota anketinė apklausa. Tyrimo duomenys apdoroti pasitelkus SPSS-15 kompiuterinę programą. Buvo apklausti 716 skirtingose globos įstaigose ir 908 biologinėse šeimose augantys 12⎯19 metų vaikai ir 176 vaikų globos (rū-pybos) sistemos ekspertai. Išvados. Globos namuose ir biologinėse šeimose augantys vaikai turi panašių galimybių dalyvauti įvairiose laisva-laikio veiklose mokyklose ir kitose įstaigose. Visgi kur kas aktyviau laisvalaikio veikloje dalyvauja biologinėse šei-mose augantys vaikai. Nepriklausomai nuo socialinės aplinkos skirtumų dauguma vaikų labiausiai mėgsta sportinę veiklą, kiek mažiau ⎯ muzikinę, nemažai vaikų užsiima kita menine veikla. Biologinėse šeimose augantys vaikai, vertindami savo gebėjimus, kur kas dažniau nei globos namų vaikai nurodė, kad jiems geriausiai sekasi mokslai ir bendravimas. Tuo tarpu globos namų auklėtiniai dažniau teigė, kad jiems gerai sekasi dainavimas. Kur kas daugiau biologinėse šeimose augančių vaikų teigė, kad moka atsispirti draugų spaudimui įsitraukti į netinkamą veiklą, turi savo tvirtą nuomonę, apie tai žino, nors nemažai ir globos namų auklėtinių taip pat sutiko su šiuo teiginiu. Globos namuose augantys moksleiviai dažniau už šeimose augančius vaikus teigia, kad kartais atsispirti draugų spaudimui užsiimti netinkama veikla būna sunku.Raktažodžiai: laisvalaikio veiklos, globos namai, biologinės šeimos, rizikingas elgesys.
The Influence of Short‑Term Hipocaloric Nutrition on Bodyweight Reduction in Lithuanian Olympic Team Wrestlers
Authors: Baranauskas Marius , Tubelis Linas , Stukas Rimantas , Švedas Edmundas , Samsonienė Laimutė , Karanauskienė Diana 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. These days many athletes of combat sports prior contest practice unsafe hipocaloric diets. Hypothetically the content of macronutrient and micronutrient composition of wrestlers’ food rations must be corrected individually during the time of bodyweight loss and after weigh control.Research aim of the present study was to examine the effects of bodyweight reduction on athletes’ body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM), body fat (BF), body fluid (BFL), body protein (BP) and minerals. Research methods. Wrestlers (n = 10) were measured before, at the end (before weight control) rapid bodyweight reduction and 2 days after contest. Food records were analyzed and macronutrient and micronutrient contributions from meals were assessed. The measures of body mass components were taken using BIA tetra-polar electrodes.Research results. Analysis of wrestlers 4-day food records revealed average values at 18.2 ± 10.6 kcal·kg -1 ·day -1 , 0.8 ± 0.4 g·kg -1 ·day -1 of proteins, 2.0 ± 1.5 g·kg -1 ·day -1 of carbohydrates and 0.8 ± 0.4 g·kg -1 ·day -1 of fat throughout the period of rapid bodyweight reduction. Low total energy intake contributed to the insufficient on take of vitamins A, B 1 , B 2 , PP, D, E, B 6 , folic acid and minerals as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc intakes during the rapid bodyweight loss season. Additionally wrestlers followed low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet and did not consume adequate energy or carbohydrate diet after the contest.Discussion and conclusions. During rapid bodyweight loss period athletes showed a significant decrease in BM (–3.7 ± 1.9 kg, p < 0.05), LBM (–1.5 ± 1.3 kg, p < 0.05), BF (–2.1 ± 0.6 kg, p < 0.001), BFL (–1.1 ± 0.9 kg, p < 0.05), minerals (–0.2 ± 0.1 kg, p < 0.05), but not BP (–0.2 ± 0.1 kg, p ≤ 0.05). After contest wrestlers had significant increases in BM (+3.1 ± 1.9 kg, p < 0.05), BF (+2.6 ± 0.5 kg, p < 0.001) and minerals (+0.2 ± 0.1 kg, p < 0.05), but non-significant increase in LBM (+1.0 ± 1.8 kg, p > 0.05) and BFL (+0.7 ± 1.3 kg, p < 0.05). Wrestlers’ food rations must be corrected individually during the time of bodyweight loss, after weigh control and follow-up recovery, during the period of contest.Keywords: nutrition, wrestlers’ food rations, weight reduction.
Effect of Postural Changes on Leg Muscle Tone and Arterial Blood Pressure in Able‑Bodied People and People after Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Packevičiūtė Aušrinė , Adomaitienė Rūta , Poderys Jonas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Following spinal cord injury part of sympathetic nervous system is disrupted from the brain stem control, which results in cardiovascular system regulation disorders. Impaired cardiovascular regulation may cause orthostatic hypotension or other negative impacts on persons’ health. However, there are adaptive mechanisms which may change cardiovascular regulation and compensate these cardiovascular disorders. One of the mechanisms that may affect the occurrence of orthostatic hypotension may be changes in muscle tone after spinal cord injury.The aim of research was to ascertain the effect of muscle tone changes on blood pressure in persons with spinal cord injury through ortho-clinostatic test.Research methods. During passive ortho-clinostatic test, non-invasive blood pressure was continuously measured using the vital signs tracking monitor and leg muscle tone measurement was performed using myotonometer.Research results. In control group muscle tone is characterized as constant wave – it decreases in orthostasis and increases in clinostasis. In paraplegic group muscle tone changes are as similar to those in controls, except that dynamics is not so constant and numeric values are lower. In tetraplegics we can see that muscle tone changes rapidly and tone in thigh muscles has a tendency to decrease through all the test. Discusion and conclusions: 1. Leg muscle tone changes are important for blood pressure compensating mechanisms when the body position changes: it increases during orthostasis and decreases during clinostasis.2. Blood pressure varies differently among able-bodied persons and persons with spinal cord injury. The degree of the breach has a significant impact on the occurrence of compensatory peripheral regulation mechanisms. Characteristics of blood pressure fluctuations during body position changes in paraplegics are similar to those of reactions as in the able-bodied controls, while in tetraplegia case, possibilities of homeostatic blood pressure compensation during body posture changes are significantly reduced.Keywords: blood pressure, muscle tone, paraplegia, tetraplegia.
Correlation of the Indicators of High Performance Women Basketball Players’ Game Characteristics with Physical Development and Physical Fitness
Authors: Paulauskas Rūtenis , Balčiūnas Mindaugas 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Indicators of physical fitness and physical development influence individual performance results. Research aim was to identify correlation between basketball performance indicators and physical development and fitness. Research methods. The basketball players (n = 12) of the Lithuanian National Women’s Basketball Team were investigated. The performance indicators of this team were analyzed on the basis of data collected during the European Basketball Championship. During competition period the indicators of physical development and physical fitness of female basketball players were measured. Mathematical statistics methods were applied for the analysis of the research data. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were applied to identify correlations among the indicators.Research results. The correlations of the number of blocks with height, body mass, standing reach and psychomotor response were established. This indicator of game performance was technically simple and its efficiency was determined by good physical development and fast psychomotor reaction. The correlations of shooting percentage of different throws with physical fitness were different.Discussion and conclusions. The shooting percentage of 2-point field goals correlated with muscle mass, body mass and take-off duration. This allows suggesting that a certain number of shots are performed after the physical contact with an opponent and jumping faster during the moment of throw. No correlation was established between 3-point field goals, free throws and physical fitness indicators. This means that shooting percentage was influenced by other factors. Steals, turnovers and passes, as complex technical and tactical actions, did not correlate with the researched physical fitness indicators.Keywords: shot, jump, height, block, power.
Influence Of 200 mm Hg Occlusion Pressure on Arterial Blood Flow in Skeletal Muscles and Physical Working Capacity
Authors: Bunevičius Kęstutis , Grūnovas Albinas , Tijūnaitis Karolis 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Different weights, resistance, scope of work, rest periods, frequency, and performance velocity are used to increase strength in training sessions. The traditional training facility with high resistance can be replaced by low resistance while limiting muscle blood flow. Hypothesis: a single 15-minute 200 mm Hg occlusion pressure can affect physical working capacity and blood flow intensity.Research aim. was to analyze changes in the intensity of the calf muscle arterial blood flow and physical working capacity with and without 200 mm Hg pressure occlusion. Research methods. were dynamometry, ergometry, venous occlusive plethysmography. The control group included six and experimental group – 12 male athletes in endurance sports. In both groups we recorded arterial blood flow at rest and after 75% of maximum voluntary contraction force (MVC) physical work lifting a weight until complete fatigue. Between the first and second physical workloads in the experimental group we applied 15 min occlusion with 40 mm wide cuff in the groin area.Research results. During the physical load in the control group, arterial blood flow significantly increased, and during recovery it did not reach to baseline. In the experimental group arterial blood flow significantly increased and during recovery it did not reach the baseline. Blood flow intensity both the first and the second physical loads altered analogically. Before the second physical load in the experimental group, 200 mm Hg occlusion had a negative effect on skeletal muscle working capacity compared with the passive rest in the control group.Discussion and conclusions. Occlusion of 200 mm Hg in the groin area reduces arterial blood flow intensity in calf skeletal muscles. Immediately after the removal of 200 mm Hg occlusion, arterial blood flow intensity increases and then decreases to its original value. 200 mm Hg occlusion pressure reduces blood flow intensity in the skeletal muscles. Before the second physical load, 200 mm Hg occlusion decreases skeletal muscle working capacity compared with passive rest in the control group.Keywords: occlusion, physical working capacity, arterial blood ﬂow.