bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filamentary Accretion Flows in the Infrared Dark Cloud G14.225–0.506 Revealed by ALMA
Authors: Chen Huei-Ru Vivien , Zhang Qizhou , Wright M. C. H. , Busquet Gemma , Lin Yuxin , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Olguin F. A. , Sanhueza Patricio , Nakamura Fumitaka , Palau Aina , Ohashi Satoshi , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Liao Li-Wen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Filaments are ubiquitous structures in molecular clouds and play an important role in the mass assembly of stars. We present results of dynamical stability analyses for filaments in the infrared dark cloud G14.225−0.506, where a delayed onset of massive star formation was reported in the two hubs at the convergence of multiple filaments of parsec length. Full-synthesis imaging is performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array to map the

emission in two hub-filament systems with a spatial resolution of ∼0.034 pc. Kinematics are derived from a sophisticated spectral fitting algorithm that accounts for line blending, large optical depth, and multiple velocity components. We identify five velocity coherent filaments and derive their velocity gradients with principal component analysis. The mass accretion rates along the filaments are up to

and are significant enough to affect the hub dynamics within one freefall time (∼105 yr). The

filaments are in equilibrium with virial parameter α
vir ∼ 1.2. We compare α
vir measured in the

filaments,

filaments, 870 μm dense clumps, and 3 mm dense cores. The decreasing trend in α
vir with decreasing spatial scales persists, suggesting an increasingly important role of gravity at small scales. Meanwhile, α
vir also decreases with decreasing nonthermal motions. In combination with the absence of high-mass protostars and massive cores, our results are consistent with the global hierarchical collapse scenario.
Topical steroids: Awareness and misuse among patients, pharmacists and general medical practitioner
Authors: Sheth Niral K. , Nair Pragya Ashok 
Published: April 2019

Aims and Objectives:
(1) To determine the level of awareness among patients, pharmacists and general practitioners about commonly available topical steroids and its combinations.(2) To determine the source of recommendation/prescription of topical steroids and its combination creams.(3) To know and create awareness about the side effects of topical steroids in all the study groups.

Methods:
This was a prospective questionnaire-based study where three study groups, namely patients, pharmacists and general practitioners, were included. This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. after ethical clearance. The patients who used topical steroids for dermatoses where it is an absolute contraindication, as well as those who developed side effects, were included in the study. ThoroughComplete cutaneous examination was done specifically to detect the side effects of steroids. Seminars were conducted and questionnaires were given to both the pharmacists and general practitioners of nearby areas. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding their prescription and dispensing practices of topical steroids and its combinations.

Results:
Out of 95 patients seen, the most commonly used steroid molecule was clobetasol propionate 0.05% in 44 (46.3%) patients, the common source of recommendation was general practitioners in 36 (37.8%), the common indication was superficial dermatophytosis in 85 (89%) and the most common adverse effect was recurrence/increase in the extent of the infection in 72 (75.78%) patients. Out of total 44 general practitioners enrolled in the study, 22 (50%) were qualified allopathic medical practitioners and22 (50%) were homeopathic/ayurvedic doctors. Superficial dermatophytosis [19 (43.18%)] was the common dermatosis seen by them. While 29 (65.90%) preferred prescribing topical steroids or its combination, rest of them preferred plain steroid creams. Out of 179 pharmacists, 74 (41.34%) did not have appropriate knowledge of topical steroids, 35 (19.55%) were not aware that steroids are isschedule “H” drugs. Commonest molecule sold over the counterwas clobetasol propionate 0.05% by 74 (41.89%). The limitations of our study were small study group and short duration.

Conclusion:
As dermatologists, it is our responsibility, to correctly educate the society, particularly the non-dermatologist medical fraternity, about ethical and rational use of topical steroids.
Wave boundary layer model in SWAN revisited
Authors: Du Jianting , Bolaños Rodolfo , Larsén Xiaoli Guo , Kelly Mark 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. In this study, we extend the work presented in Du et al. (2017) to make the wave boundary
layer model (WBLM) applicable for real cases by improving the wind-input and white-capping
dissipation source functions. Improvement via the new source terms includes
three aspects. First, the WBLM wind-input source function is developed by
considering the impact of wave-induced wind profile variation on the
estimation of wave growth rate. Second, the white-capping dissipation source
function is revised to be not explicitly dependent on wind speed for real
wave simulations. Third, several improvements are made to the numerical WBLM
algorithm, which increase the model's numerical stability and computational
efficiency. The improved WBLM wind-input and white-capping dissipation source
functions are calibrated through idealized fetch-limited and depth-limited
studies, and validated in real wave simulations during two North Sea storms.
The new WBLM source terms show better performance in the simulation of
significant wave height and mean wave period than the original source terms.
Morphological observations on three Baltic species of Corynosoma Lühe, 1905 (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae)
Authors: Leidenberger Sonja , Boström Sven , Wayland Matthew T. 
Published: April 2019

Necropsies of Baltic grey (Halichoerus grypus) and ringed seals (Pusa hispida) presented a rare opportunity to study their acanthocephalan fauna. Both species hosted adults of three species of the genus Corynosoma Lühe, 1904, namely C. magdaleni Montreuil, 1958, C. semerme (Forsell, 1904) Lühe 1911 and C. strumosum (Rudolphi, 1802) Lühe 1904. A comparative morphological analysis of these three species of Corynosoma, combining both light and scanning electron microscopy, was performed for the first time. Sexual dimorphism in the size and shape of the trunk was observed in both C. magdaleni and C. semerme, but there was insufficient material to investigate this phenomenon in C. strumosum. Genital spines were not observed in any of the female acanthocephalans. Three possible explanations for the presence of genital spines in some females, but not others are (i) cryptic speciation, (ii) phenotypic variation and (iii) loss by extraction or shearing when the copulatory cap is released. Copulatory caps were observed on female C. semerme. The size and morphology showed considerable variability and all caps were strongly autofluoresecent.
Comparison of Different Small Clinical Hematology Laboratory Configurations With Focus on Remote Smear Imaging
Authors: Stephens Laura , Bevins Nicholas J. , Bengtsson Hans-Inge , Broome H. Elizabeth 
Published: April 2019

Context.—
Stand-alone clinical sites (eg, infusion centers) are becoming increasingly common. These sites require timely hematology analysis. Here we compare performance and costs of currently available analysis configurations with special focus on a proposed alternative using a minimal hematology analyzer plus a digital imaging device, allowing for remote oversight and interpretation.

Objectives.—
To determine whether low-volume laboratories might realize savings while gaining function by substituting commonly used configurations with a proposed alternative.

Design.—
To evaluate the performance of the proposed alternative configuration, blood counts with automated differentials produced by a Sysmex XE5000 (complete blood count reference method) were compared with cell counts from the Sysmex pocH-100i, CellaVision DM96 preclassified differentials, and DM96 reclassified differentials (differential reference method) by using standard regression analyses, 95% CIs, and truth tables. Financial cost modeling used staffing practices, test volumes, and smear production rates observed at remote clinics performing on-site hematology analysis within the University of California at San Diego Health system.

Results.—
Differential blood count parameters showed excellent correlation between the XE5000 and preclassification DM96 with R2 &gt; 0.95. For blasts/abnormal cells, immature granulocytes, and nucleated red blood cells, the DM96 showed higher sensitivity and similar specificity to the XE5000. Cost modeling revealed that decreased personnel costs through remote monitoring of results facilitated by the DM96 would lead to lower operational costs relative to more conventional analysis configurations.

Conclusions.—
A digital imaging instrument with an inexpensive hematology analyzer provides similar information to a complex hematology analyzer and allows remote review of the blood smear findings by experts, leading to significant cost savings.
Performance Comparison of Different Analytic Methods in Proficiency Testing for Mutations in the BRAF, EGFR, and KRAS Genes: A Study of the College of American Pathologists Molecular Oncology Committee
Authors: Moncur Joel T. , Bartley Angela N. , Bridge Julia A. , Kamel-Reid Suzanne , Lazar Alexander J. , Lindeman Neal I. , Long Thomas A. , Merker Jason D. , Rai Alex J. , Rimm David L. , Rothberg Paul G. , Vasalos Patricia , Kim Annette S. 
Published: April 2019

Context.—The performance of laboratory testing has recently come under increased scrutiny as part of important and ongoing debates on regulation and reimbursement. To address this critical issue, this study compares the performance of assay methods, using either commercial kits or assays designed and implemented by single laboratories (“home brews”), including next-generation sequencing methods, on proficiency testing provided by the College of American Pathologists Molecular Oncology Committee.Objective.—To compare the performance of different assay methods on College of American Pathologists proficiency testing for variant analysis of 3 common oncology analytes: BRAF, EGFR, and KRAS.Design.—There were 6897 total responses across 35 different proficiency testing samples interrogating 13 different variants as well as wild-type sequences for BRAF, EGFR, and KRAS. Performance was analyzed by test method, kit manufacturer, variants tested, and preanalytic and postanalytic practices.Results.—Of 26 reported commercial kits, 23 achieved greater than 95% accuracy. Laboratory-developed tests with no kit specified demonstrated 96.8% or greater accuracy across all 3 analytes (1123 [96.8%] acceptable of 1160 total responses for BRAF; 848 [97.5%] acceptable of 870 total responses for EGFR; 942 [97.0%] acceptable of 971 total responses for KRAS). Next-generation sequencing platforms (summed across all analytes and 2 platforms) demonstrated 99.4% accuracy for these analytes (165 [99.4%] acceptable of 166 total next-generation sequencing responses). Slight differences in performance were noted among select commercial assays, dependent upon the particular design and specificity of the assay. Wide differences were noted in the lower limits of neoplastic cellularity laboratories accepted for testing.Conclusions.—These data demonstrate the high degree of accuracy and comparable performance across all laboratories, regardless of methodology. However, care must be taken in understanding the diagnostic specificity and reported analytic sensitivity of individual methods.
Carbon Sequestration in Relation to Topographic Aspects and Land Use in Northeast of Thailand
Authors: Islam Kazi Kaimul , Anusontpornperm Somchai , Kheoruenromne Irb , Thanachit Suphicha 
Published: April 2019

The Distribution of Species Abundances within natural communities – when properly analysed – can provide essential information regarding general aspects of the internal organisation of these communities. In particular, true species richness on the one hand and the intensity of the process of hierarchical structuring of species abundances on the other hand may be estimated independently and, thereby, can provide truly complementary information. In turn, specific issues may thereby be addressed. For example, whether one unique dominant factor or numerous combined factors are involved in the structuring process of a community can be tested contradictorily. Although these methods are not new conceptually, their implementation in common practice remains scarce. The reason is that the relevant implementation of these methods requires to be sure that virtually all member-species in the community have been sampled. As exhaustive samplings often reveal difficult to achieve in practice, an appropriate, least-biased procedure of numerical extrapolation of incomplete inventories is imperatively required.
Considering the steadily increasing threats to the environment and biodiversity, especially facing the on-going climatic change, time has come now with ever greater urgency to go beyond the apparent limits of non-exhaustive sampling and make the most of what is available in terms of recorded field data, whatever the degree of incompleteness of species inventories.
As a modest and limited attempt to concretise this wish at the local level, I try, hereafter, to highlight the importance of additional information that may be unveiled through adequate post-analysis of a set of eight frog communities, recently inventoried by Katwate, Apte & Raut in an amphibian hot-spot in the north-western Ghats of India. At last, the likely variations of both total species richness and the intensity of hierarchical structuring of species abundance are simulated as an answer to the steadily increasing influence of the ongoing climatic change.
Climate Change Impacts on Livelihood Vulnerability Assessment-Adaptation and Mitigation Options in Marine Hot Spots in Kerala, India
Authors: S. Salim Shyam , Narayanakumar R. , Remya R. , Safeena P. K. , Rahman M. Ramees , James Harsha Elizabeth 
Published: April 2019

Climate change, a global challenge facing mankind necessitates governments to develop mitigation and adaptation plans. The climate change has multidimensional impacts on environment, fishery, social, economic and development drivers. Climate change hot spots –can be defined as the ‘live labs’ where the manifestation of the climate change impacts is observed “first”. The South west India has been recognised as one among the twenty four hot spot regions identified globally. The present paper assessed the climate change vulnerability of over 800 fisher households in two major fishing villages of Kerala from the south west hotspot regions of India. Exposure (E), Sensitivity (S) and Adaptive Capacity (AC) are the pertinent factors that determine the vulnerability of households which were captured using a structured household questionnaire. One ninety eight indicators were identified in the construction of vulnerability indices of which 37 related to sensitivity, 36 related to exposure and the other 125 indicators dealt with adaptive capacity. The overall vulnerability of the regions was assessed and the analysis revealed that the Poonthura village of Kerala was more vulnerable when compared to Elamkunnapuzha. The coastal population on their vulnerability scores were categorised into low, moderate, high and very high based on score values and geo-spatial analysis was attempted. The results revealed that majority of fisher households in both villages were highly vulnerable to climate change, which is a major cause of concern. The study advocates the need for a bottom up approach with the proactive participation of the fishers in developing location specific adaptation and mitigation plans to ensure the livelihood of the fishers and the sustainable development of the fisheries sector in the climate change regime.
Human Interaction with the Natural Environment: The POETICAS Model as a Framework for Understanding and Praxis in Late Modernity
Authors: J. Burns Thomas , Hekmatpour Peyman , C. Speer Kristen 
Published: April 2019

Using the acronym POETICAS, we explore eight major facets of humankind’s relationship with the natural environment. We make the case that, while they are not mutually exclusive, they are nonetheless analytically distinct. We explore the roles of: 1) Population & demography; 2) Organizations & institutions; 3) Ecology; 4) Technology; 5) Illness & health; 6) Culture; 7) Affluence & inequality; and 8) Scale & time. We examine each of these facets in turn, looking not only at their main effects, but also considering many of the interactions among these factors in a broader ecological context. Building on earlier models, we make a case that this broader and more robust model can offer a framework for civic discourse about the human-environment interface that is useable to a wide array of audiences, including students and researchers as well as policy makers, members of social movement organizations, and engaged citizens seeking an overarching framework that can help make sense of a variety of otherwise disparate findings.
Explaining the Non-significant Changes in Ice-off Date over Six Decades at Lake of Bays and Lake Nipissing, South-Central Ontario
Authors: Yao Huaxia , Fu Congsheng 
Published: April 2019

The phenomenon of non-significant trends in ice-off date under a warming climate was quantitatively explained by three efforts: exploring possible driving factors where possible and defining new factors to represent snow conditions, identifying the contributing factors through correlation and trend tests, and evaluating relative contributions through partial Mann-Kendall method. Why the ice-off became only slightly earlier over 62 years at Lake of Bays has been satisfactorily assessed: the increased winter temperature, increased total rain and decreased days of snow on ground acted as three promoting drivers to earlier ice-off date, but their promoting functions were effectively offset by adverse changes in four other factors (snowfall slope, precipitation slope, snowpack slope, and last day of snow). The ice-off date at Lake Nipissing did not have a significant trend over 58 years, although there were five factors contributing to the ice-off decline without sufficient offsetting, suggesting that the ice-off of this lake may not be sensitive, or basically elastic, to the climatic variation stressor. Relative contributions of drivers as calculated helped explain how much they contributed to ice-off trends or how much they offset the influences.
Anodic Synthesis of Hierarchical SnS/SnOx Hollow Nanospheres and Their Application for High‐Performance Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bian Haidong , Li Zebiao , Xiao Xufen , Schmuki Patrik , Lu Jian , Li Yang Yang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConstructing hollow nanostructures is attractive for both fundamental research and practical applications. However, how to prepare hollow nanostructures in a simple, scalable, and cost‐effective way still remains a great challenge. In this study, for the first time, the anodization technique is applied to construct hollow nanostructures. Specifically, hollow nanospheres of SnS/SnOx with a hierarchical porous structure are self‐assembled directly on the Sn substrate, via a convenient one‐step anodization method. When applied for sodium‐ion batteries, the thus fabricated SnS/SnOx hollow nanospheres on the substrate readily serve as a binder‐free electrode, delivering remarkably high cycling stability and rate capability.
Branched and Dendritic Polymer Architectures: Functional Nanomaterials for Therapeutic Delivery
Authors: Cook Alexander B. , Perrier Sébastien 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBarriers to therapeutic transport in biological systems can prevent accumulation of drugs at the intended site, thus limiting the therapeutic effect against various diseases. Advances in synthetic chemistry techniques have recently increased the accessibility of complex polymer architectures for drug delivery systems, including branched polymer architectures. This article first outlines drug delivery concepts, and then defines and illustrates all forms of branched polymers including highly branched polymers, hyperbranched polymers, dendrimers, and branched–linear hybrid polymers. Many new types of branched and dendritic polymers continue to be reported; however, there is often confusion about how to accurately describe these complex polymer architectures, particularly in the interdisciplinary field of nanomedicine where not all researchers have in‐depth polymer chemistry backgrounds. In this context, the present review describes and compares different branched polymer architectures and their application in therapeutic delivery in a simple and easy‐to‐understand way, with the aim of appealing to a multidisciplinary audience.
Boosting the Electrical Double‐Layer Capacitance of Graphene by Self‐Doped Defects through Ball‐Milling
Authors: Dong Yue , Zhang Su , Du Xian , Hong Song , Zhao Shengna , Chen Yaxin , Chen Xiaohong , Song Huaihe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImproving the capacitance of carbon materials for supercapacitors without sacrificing their rate performance, especially volumetric capacitance at high mass loadings, is a big challenge because of the limited assessable surface area and sluggish electrochemical kinetics of the pseudocapacitive reactions. Here, it is demonstrated that “self‐doping” defects in carbon materials can contribute to additional capacitance with an electrical double‐layer behavior, thus promoting a significant increase in the specific capacitance. As an exemplification, a novel defect‐enriched graphene block with a low specific surface area of 29.7 m2 g−1 and high packing density of 0.917 g cm−3 performs high gravimetric, volumetric, and areal capacitances of 235 F g−1, 215 F cm−3, and 3.95 F cm−2 (mass loading of 22 mg cm−2) at 1 A g−1, respectively, as well as outstanding rate performance. The resulting specific areal capacitance reaches an ultrahigh value of 7.91 F m−2 including a “self‐doping” defect contribution of 4.81 F m−2, which is dramatically higher than the theoretical capacitance of graphene (0.21 F m−2) and most of the reported carbon‐based materials. Therefore, the defect engineering route broadens the avenue to further improve the capacitive performance of carbon materials, especially for compact energy storage under limited surface areas.
Hydrogel Adhesion: A Supramolecular Synergy of Chemistry, Topology, and Mechanics
Authors: Yang Jiawei , Bai Ruobing , Chen Baohong , Suo Zhigang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdhering hydrogels to various materials is fundamental to a large array of established and emerging applications. The last few years have seen transformative advances in achieving strong hydrogel adhesion, which is a supramolecular phenomenon. Two adherends connect through covalent bonds, noncovalent complexes, polymer chains, polymer networks, or nanoparticles. Separating the adherends dissipates energy through cascading events across length scales, including bond cleavage, chain retraction, and bulk hysteresis. A unifying principle has emerged: strong hydrogel adhesion requires the synergy of chemistry of bonds, topology of connection, and mechanics of dissipation. This synergy characterizes hydrogel adhesion to various materials (another hydrogel, tissue, elastomer, plastic, metal, glass, and ceramic) in various operations (cast, coat, print, attach, pierce, and glue). Strong adhesion can be made permanent, reversible, degradable, or on‐demand detachable. The development of hydrogel adhesion and its applications adheres disciplines, discovers interlinks, and forges cohesion. Discussed throughout the review are immediate opportunities for fundamental studies and practical applications.