bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review shows that parental reassurance and nutritional advice help to optimise the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants
Authors: Salvatore Silvia , Abkari Abdelhak , Cai Wei , Catto‐Smith Anthony , Cruchet Sylvia , Gottrand Frederic , Hegar Badriul , Lifschitz Carlos , Ludwig Thomas , Shah Neil , Staiano Annamaria , Szajewska Hania , Treepongkaruna Suporn , Vandenplas Yvan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimRegurgitation, infantile colic and functional constipation are common functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) during infancy. Our aim was to carry out a concise review of the literature, evaluate the impact of these common FGIDs on infants and their families, and provide an overview of national and international guidelines and peer‐reviewed expert recommendations on their management.MethodsNational and international guidelines and peer‐reviewed expert recommendations on the management of regurgitation, infantile colic and functional constipation were examined and summarised.ResultsRegurgitation, infantile colic and functional constipation cause frequent parental concerns, lead to heavy personal and economic costs for families and impose a financial burden on public healthcare systems. Guidelines emphasise that the first‐line management of these common FGIDs should focus on parental education, reassurance and nutritional advice. Nutritional advice should stress the benefits of continuing breastfeeding, while special infant formulas may be considered for non‐breastfed infants with common FGIDs. Drug treatment is seldom required, with the exception of functional constipation.ConclusionBy providing complete and updated parental education, reassurance and nutritional advice, healthcare professionals can optimise the management of FGIDs and related symptoms and reduce the inappropriate use of medication or dietary interventions.
Impact of duration of induction therapy on survival in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients undergoing upfront autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Chakraborty Rajshekhar , Muchtar Eli , Kumar Shaji K. , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Dispenzieri Angela , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hogan William J. , Kapoor Prashant , Lacy Martha Q. , Leung Nelson , Warsame Rahma , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Gonsalves Wilson , Gertz Morie A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe optimal duration of induction therapy (IT) in transplant‐eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients in not well defined, resulting in a wide variation in clinical practice. The objective of our study was to determine whether the duration of IT in patients undergoing upfront autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has an impact on progression‐free survival (PFS) in the era of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs. A total of 596 patients who underwent ASCT at Mayo Clinic between 2007 and 2014 were included. The patients were divided into two cohorts based on the duration of IT: IT ≤ 4 and IT > 4 months. At a median follow‐up of 54·5 months from ASCT, the median PFS in the IT ≤ 4 group was 28 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 25–33], compared to 26 months in the IT > 4 group (95% CI, 24–31) [P = 0·605]. There was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) in the two groups (P = 0·904). The lack of impact of IT duration on PFS and OS was consistent in subgroups with high‐risk features at diagnosis (International Staging System III or high‐risk cytogenetics) and different depths of pre‐transplant response [≥very good partial response (VGPR) and <VGPR]. In conclusion, prolonging the duration of IT beyond 4 months does not impact survival in patients with newly diagnosed MM who complete a single line of IT followed by consolidation with ASCT.
Early‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma in the modern era: simulation modelling to delineate long‐term patient outcomes
Authors: Parsons Susan K. , Kelly Michael J. , Cohen Joshua T. , Castellino Sharon M. , Henderson Tara O. , Kelly Kara M. , Keller Frank G. , Henzer Tobi J. , Kumar Anita J. , Johnson Peter , Meyer Ralph M. , Radford John , Raemaekers John , Hodgson David C. , Evens Andrew M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryWe developed a novel simulation model integrating multiple data sets to project long‐term outcomes with contemporary therapy for early‐stage Hodgkin lymphoma (ESHL), namely combined modality therapy (CMT) versus chemotherapy alone (CA) via 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response‐adaption. The model incorporated 3‐year progression‐free survival (PFS), probability of cure with/without relapse, frequency of severe late effects (LEs), and 35‐year probability of LEs. Furthermore, we generated estimates for quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and unadjusted survival (life years, LY) and used model projections to compare outcomes for CMTversusCA for two index patients. Patient 1: a 25‐year‐old male with favourable ESHL (stage IA); Patient 2: a 25‐year‐old female with unfavourable ESHL (stage IIB). Sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of alternative assumptions for LE probabilities. For Patient 1, CMT was superior to CA (CMT incremental gain = 0·11 QALYs, 0·21 LYs). For Patient 2, CA was superior to CMT (CA incremental gain = 0·37 QALYs, 0·92 LYs). For Patient 1, the advantage of CMT changed minimally when the proportion of severe LEs was reduced from 20% to 5% (0·15 QALYs, 0·43 LYs), whereas increasing the severity proportion for Patient 2's LEs from 20% to 80% enhanced the advantage of CA (1·1 QALYs, 6·5 LYs). Collectively, this detailed simulation model quantified the long‐term impact that varied host factors and alternative contemporary treatments have in ESHL.
New plate kinematic model and tectono‐stratigraphic history of the East African and West Madagascan Margins
Authors: Tuck‐Martin Amy , Adam Jürgen , Eagles Graeme 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe continental margins of East Africa and West Madagascar are a frontier for hydrocarbon exploration. However, the links between the regional tectonic history of sedimentary basins and margin evolution are relatively poorly understood. We use a plate kinematic model built by joint inversion of seafloor spreading data as a starting point to analyse the evolution of conjugate margin segments and corresponding sedimentary basins. By correlating megasequences in the basins to the plate model we produce a margin‐scale tectono‐stratigraphic framework comprising four phases of tectonic development. During Phase 1 (183–133 Ma) Madagascar/India/Antarctica separated from Africa, first by rifting and later, after breakup (at ca. 170–165 Ma), by seafloor spreading in the West Somali and Mozambique basins and dextral strike‐slip movement on the Davie Fracture Zone. Mixed continental/marine syn‐rift megasequences were deposited in rift basins followed by shallow‐marine early postrift sequences. In Phase 2 (133–89 Ma) spreading ceased in the West Somali basin and Madagascar became fixed to the African plate. However, spreading continued between the African and Antarctic plates and deposition of the early postrift megasequence continued. The onset of spreading on the Mascarene Ridge separated India from Madagascar in Phase 3 (89–60 Ma). Phase 3 was characterized by the onset of deposition of the late postrift megasequence with continued deep marine sedimentation. At the onset of Phase 4 (60 Ma onward) spreading on the Mascarene ridge ceased and the Carlsberg Ridge propagated south to form the Central Indian Ridge, separating India from the Seychelles and the Mascarene Plateau. Late postrift deposition continued until a major unconformity linked to the development of the East African Rift System marked the change to deposition of the modern margin megasequence.
Maternal Language and Child Vocabulary Mediate Relations Between Socioeconomic Status and Executive Function During Early Childhood
Authors: Daneri M. Paula , Blair Clancy , Kuhn Laura J. ,   FLP Key Investigators
Published: April 2018

This article examined longitudinal relations among socioeconomic risk, maternal language input, child vocabulary, and child executive function (EF) in a large sample (N = 1,009) recruited for a prospective longitudinal study. Two measures of maternal language input derived from a parent–child picture book task, vocabulary diversity (VOCD), and language complexity, showed variation by socioeconomic risk at child ages 15, 24, and 36 months. Maternal VOCD at child age 24 months and maternal language complexity at child age 36 months mediated the relation between socioeconomic risk and 48‐month child EF, independent of parenting sensitivity. Moreover, 36‐month child vocabulary mediated the relation between maternal language input and child EF. These findings provide novel evidence about mechanisms linking socioeconomic risk and child executive function.
Universality and prediction in business rules
Authors: Wang Olivier , de Sainte Marie Christian , Ke Changhai , Liberti Leo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBusiness rules (BR) have the form ⟨if condition then action⟩. A BR program, which can be executed by means of an interpreter, is a sequence of business rules. Motivated by International Business Machines use cases, we look at the problem of setting parameter values in a given BR program so it will achieve a given average goal over all possible instances. We explore the following fundamental question: Is there a general learning algorithm, which addresses this issue? We prove the answer is negative. On the positive side, we derive operational semantics for BR programs. As a proof of concept, we show empirically that these can be used to detect potential nontermination situations.
Effectiveness of protected areas for bird conservation depends on guild
Authors: Duckworth Gregory D. , Altwegg Res 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimProtected areas are key conservation tools intended to increase biodiversity and reduce extinction risks of species and populations. However, the degree to which protected areas achieve their conservation goals is generally unknown for many protected areas worldwide. We assess the effect of protected areas on the abundance of 196 common, resident bird species. If protected areas were beneficial to avian biodiversity, we expect landscapes with a higher proportion of protected areas will have higher densities of species compared to landscapes with no protection.LocationGreater Gauteng region, South Africa.MethodsWe analysed bird survey data collected over regular grid cells across the study area. We estimated bird abundance in relation to the proportion of a grid cell that was protected with the Royle–Nichols model and fitted the model once for each of the species. We examined variation in estimated abundance as a function of avian guild (defined by the type of food a species preferentially ate and its foraging mode) with a regression tree analysis.ResultsAbundance was significantly positively related to the proportion of protected areas in grid cells for 26% of the species, significantly negatively related in 15%, and not significantly related in 59% species. We found three distinct guild groups which differed in their average abundance, after accounting for associated variance. Group 1 consisted of guilds frugivores, ground‐feeders, hawkers, predators, and vegivores and average abundance was strongly positively related to the proportion of protected areas. Group 2 included granivores, and average abundance was strongly negatively related to proportion of protected areas. Group 3 included gleaners only, and average abundance was not related to proportion of protected areas.Main conclusionWe conclude that the network of protected areas within the greater Gauteng region sustained relatively higher abundances of common birds and thus perform an important conservation role.
Exploring invasibility with species distribution modeling: How does fire promote cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion within lower montane forests?
Authors: Peeler Jamie L. , Smithwick Erica A. H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimCheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is notorious for creating positive feedbacks that facilitate vegetation type conversion within sagebrush steppe ecosystems in the western United States. Similar dynamics may exist in adjacent lower montane forest. However, fire‐forest‐cheatgrass dynamics have not been examined. We used species distribution modeling to answer three questions about fire and invasibility in lower montane forests: (Q1) Does fire create more suitable habitat for cheatgrass? (Q2) If so, which site attributes are altered to increase site suitability? (Q3) Does fire increase connectivity among suitable habitat and enhance spread?LocationShoshone National Forest, Wyoming, USA.MethodsWe measured cheatgrass presence–absence in 93 plots within Interior Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) forests. Random Forests predicted cheatgrass distribution with and without fire using nine site attributes: elevation, slope, aspect, solar radiation, annual precipitation, maximum temperature in July, minimum temperature in January, forest canopy cover and distance to nearest trail or road. Additionally, invasion pathways and spread were mapped using Circuitscape.ResultsCheatgrass distribution was controlled by topographic and climate variables in the absence of fire. In particular, cheatgrass was most likely to occur at low elevation along dry, south‐ and east‐facing slopes. High‐severity fire increased potential cheatgrass distribution when forest canopy cover was reduced to below 30%. This process created new invasion pathways, which enhanced cheatgrass spread when modelled in Circuitscape.Main conclusionsOur study showed that in the absence of fire, drier south‐ and east‐facing slopes at low elevation are most susceptible to cheatgrass invasion. However, high‐severity fire increased the total area susceptible to invasion—allowing cheatgrass to expand into previously unsuitable sites within lower montane forests in the western United States. These results are important for present day management and reflect that integrating responses to disturbance in species distribution models can be critical for making predictions about dynamically changing systems.
Training with a three‐dimensional multiple object‐tracking (3D‐MOT) paradigm improves attention in students with a neurodevelopmental condition: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tullo Domenico , Guy Jacalyn , Faubert Jocelyn , Bertone Armando 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe efficacy of attention training paradigms is influenced by many factors, including the specificity of targeted cognitive processes, accuracy of outcome measures, accessibility to specialized populations, and adaptability to user capability. These issues are increasingly significant when working with children diagnosed with neurodevelopmental conditions that are characterized by attentional difficulties. This study investigated the efficacy of training attention in students with neurodevelopmental conditions using a novel three‐dimensional Multiple Object‐Tracking (3D‐MOT) task. All students (ages 6–18 years) performed the Conners Continuous Performance Task (CPT‐3) as a baseline measure of attention. They were then equally and randomly assigned to one of three groups: a treatment group, (3D‐MOT); an active control group (visual strategy/math‐based game, 2048); and a treatment as usual group. Students were trained on their respective tasks for a total of 15 training sessions over a five‐week period and then reassessed on the CPT‐3. Results showed that post‐training CPT‐3 performance significantly improved from baseline for participants in the treatment group only. This improvement indicates that training with 3D‐MOT increased attentional abilities in students with neurodevelopmental conditions. These results suggest that training attention with a non‐verbal, visual‐based task is feasible in a school setting and accessible to atypically developing students with attentional difficulties.
Disagreement between service‐users and clinicians assessment of physical health during early psychosis
Authors: Renwick Laoise , Drennan Jonathan , Sheridan Ann , Lyne John , Kinsella Anthony , O’ Callaghan Eadbhard , Clarke Mary 
Published: April 2018

AimsPhysical illnesses account for the majority of excess deaths following psychosis; access to care and treatment is inequitable and schizophrenia has now been dubbed the life‐shortening disease. We compared service‐users and clinician's perspectives of their physical health assuming that one of the fundamental issues in prompting screening and treatment is the view that health is poor.MethodsData comprising sample characteristics, diagnosis, symptoms, insight, antecedents to psychosis and physical health perspectives were obtained prospectively as part of a larger epidemiological study of first‐episode psychosis. We compared physical health perspectives between service‐users and clinicians and examined clinical correlates.ResultsContrary to our expectations, we found that service‐users reported poorer physical health over time than clinicians did.ConclusionReconciling service‐users and clinician's views of physical health may be an important step towards collaborative care and improving access to better quality healthcare for serious mental illness.
Using connectivity to identify climatic drivers of local adaptation: a response to Macdonald et al.
Authors: Prunier Jérôme G. , Blanchet Simon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMacdonald et al. (Ecol. Lett., 21, 2018, 207–216) proposed an analytical framework for identifying evolutionary processes underlying trait‐environment relationships observed in natural populations. Here, we propose an expanded and refined framework based on simulations and bootstrap‐based approaches, and we elaborate on an important statistical caveat common to most datasets.
Behavioural research and corruption: A new promise for governments?
Authors: Di Donato Luca 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis essay explores the link between corruption and behavioural economics. The findings of behavioural economics may widen the analysis of corruption and improve strategies to face it. The first part describes bounded rationality theory, according to which human cognitive capacities are not infinite and individuals are affected by behavioural biases and heuristics. The second part focuses on specific biases, limitations and motivations—such as misperception of risks, context, trust, moral sentiments and others—that can influence criminal behaviour. The third section illustrates how these new behaviourally informed regulatory approaches can be integrated into the regulatory State. Finally, the essay attempts to provide some suggestions for regulators, including some positive and negative points about the behavioural approach.
Argatroban is stable in citrated whole blood for 24 hours
Authors: Guy S. , Kitchen S. , Van Veen J. J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionArgatroban is a direct thrombin inhibitor used as an anticoagulant for patients who have Heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Quantification can be performed using a dilute thrombin time or anti‐iia assay. Our preferred method is Hemoclot Thrombin Inhibitor Assay (HTI).To the best of our knowledge, no one has published on the stability of plasma argatroban in whole citrated blood at room temperature.MethodsForty matched samples obtained from 4 patients receiving argatroban. 1 mL of the whole blood was removed from the sample into a labelled plastic tube and left on the laboratory bench at room temperature for 24 hours prior to centrifugation. The remaining sample was spun at 2000 g for 10 minutes and the plasma aliquoted off and labelled 0 hour and stored at −80°C prior to testing. At 24 hours the plastic tube containing whole blood was centrifuged at 2000 g for 10 minutes and the plasma aliquoted off and labelled 24 hours and stored at −80°C prior to testing. HTI assay was used for plasma argatroban determination.ResultsThe lowest argatroban level obtained was 0.16 μg/mL at 0 hour; 0.18 μg/mL at 24 hours from the same pair, the highest argatroban level obtained was 1.72 μg/mL at 0 hour;1.76 μg/mL for the same pair at 24 hours. The mean result for 0 hour was 0.57 μg/mL and 0.60 μg/mL at 24 hours.ConclusionThis study proposes that patients receiving treatment in hospitals who cannot provide a dedicated argatroban plasma concentration method could have their samples sent on whole blood within 24 hours of venepuncture to a laboratory who could provide the test.
An efficient approach for the S‐shaped penalty function
Authors: Chang Ching‐Ter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInterval goal programming (IGP) with a marginal penalty function (PF) was first proposed by Charnes and Collomb in 1972, and further improved by Kvanli and other researchers. Recently, Lu and Chen proposed an efficient logarithmic method to formulate IGP with an S‐shaped PF. However, their method requires adding many binary variables when the problem size becomes large, which increases the computational burden in the solution process. This study proposes an efficient approach for the S‐shaped PF. The arbitrary PF frequently appears in the fields of business and industry. However, none of the previous approaches have addressed arbitrary PFs without adding binary variables. The proposed approach can be easily extended to formulate an arbitrary PF in which binary variables are no longer required, regardless of the number of break points. The proposed method can improve the efficiency of IGP for solving large size management and decision problems in considering PFs. In order to demonstrate the correctness, usefulness of the proposed model, illustrative examples are provided.
Building up biogeography: Pattern to process
Authors: Pearse William D. , Barbosa A. Márcia , Fritz Susanne A. , Keith Sally A. , Harmon Luke J. , Harte John , Silvestro Daniele , Xiao Xiao , Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLinking pattern to process across spatial and temporal scales has been a key goal of the field of biogeography. In January 2017, the 8th biennial conference of the International Biogeography Society sponsored a symposium on Building up biogeography—process to pattern that aimed to review progress towards this goal. Here we present a summary of the symposium, in which we identified promising areas of current research and suggested future research directions. We focus on (1) emerging types of data such as behavioural observations and ancient DNA, (2) how to better incorporate historical data (such as fossils) to move beyond what we term “footprint measures” of past dynamics and (3) the role that novel modelling approaches (e.g. maximum entropy theory of ecology and approximate Bayesian computation) and conceptual frameworks can play in the unification of disciplines. We suggest that the gaps separating pattern and process are shrinking, and that we can better bridge these aspects by considering the dimensions of space and time simultaneously.
A concise guide to clinical reasoning
Authors: Daly Patrick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhat constitutes clinical reasoning is a disputed subject regarding the processes underlying accurate diagnosis, the importance of patient‐specific versus population‐based data, and the relation between virtue and expertise in clinical practice. In this paper, I present a model of clinical reasoning that identifies and integrates the processes of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic decision making. The model is based on the generalized empirical method of Bernard Lonergan, which approaches inquiry with equal attention to the subject who investigates and the object under investigation. After identifying the structured operations of knowing and doing and relating these to a self‐correcting cycle of learning, I correlate levels of inquiry regarding what‐is‐going‐on and what‐to‐do to the practical and theoretical elements of clinical reasoning. I conclude that this model provides a methodical way to study questions regarding the operations of clinical reasoning as well as what constitute significant clinical data, clinical expertise, and virtuous health care practice.