bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veränderungen der Papilla nervi optici im Kindesalter
Authors: Tegetmeyer Helmut 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Papilla nervi optici ist mithilfe der ophthalmoskopischen Untersuchung der visuellen Inspektion zugänglich. Dadurch ist es möglich, bereits im Säuglings- und frühen Kindesalter Papillenveränderungen zu erkennen, die mit angeborenen Fehlbildungen des Gehirns einhergehen können oder durch Tumoren, akute Erkrankungen des Sehnerven oder des Zentralnervensystem verursacht werden.
Diagnostische Strategie und therapeutisches Dilemma bei akuter posteriorer und Panuveitis
Authors: Garweg Justus , Messerli Juerg 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDie breite Differenzialdiagnose der akuten posterioren und Panuveitis, die meist jüngere Individuen und in mehr als der Hälfte beide Augen betrifft, macht die rasche diagnostische Einordnung und die therapeutische Entscheidung wegen ihrer erheblichen Konsequenzen für den weiteren Verlauf zu kritischen Schritten. Das Risiko eines bleibenden Visusverlustes infolge eines verzögerten Therapiebeginns ist dabei ebenso bedeutsam wie das Einleiten einer nicht genügend wirksamen Therapie. Klinische Präsentation (anatomische Lokalisation und Entzündungstyp), Verlauf und sekundär das Ansprechen auf die Akuttherapie lassen eine erste diagnostische Eingrenzung zu, wobei eine infektiöse Ätiologie in bis zu einem Drittel der Fälle vorliegt. Die häufigste akute posteriore Uveitis bei immunkompetenten Patienten ist eine akute virale Netzhautnekrose. Diese lässt sich oft klinisch nicht sicher von einer Behçet-Uveitis unterscheiden, solange keine systemischen Manifestationen vorliegen. Bis zur definitiven diagnostischen Einordnung muss deshalb bei makulabedrohender Erkrankung spätestens 24 Stunden nach Beginn einer antiviralen und antiparasitären Akuttherapie eine hochdosierte Steroidtherapie begonnen werden. Den therapeutischen Konsequenzen der Fehleinschätzung der Erkrankung stehen prognostische Überlegungen gegenüber, die ein aggressives Vorgehen gerade bei akuten posterioren Uveitiden rechtfertigen: Jede Verzögerung des Therapiebeginns vermehrt die infektiöse und entzündliche Gewebsschädigung, erhöht das Risiko einer Affektion des Partnerauges und anderer Organe, wohingegen der Einsatz höherer Steroiddosen, Immunsuppressiva und Biologika zu unkontrollierter Erregerproliferation und zu Rezidiven führen kann.
Occurrence of Soluble Very High Molecular Weight Fibrinogen Complexes in Hypercoagulable States. An in vitro and in vivo Study on their Features
Authors: Serneri G G equal-contrib , Gensini G F , Abbate R , Favilla S 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe gel-chromatography of the beta-alanine precipitate of human plasma and of purified fibrinogen shows the presence of different classes of fibrinogen complexes. A first class of complexes is detectable in correspondence with the ascending branch of the fibrinogen peak (“shoulder” complexes or high molecular weight fibrinogen complexes, HMWFC). A second class of complexes at very high molecular weight is eluted at the void volume (peak 1 complexes or VHMWFC). Treatment of plasma or fibrinogen in vitro with thrombin induces the formation of both classes of complexes. Also thrombin infusion in rabbits induces an increase of both VHMWFC and HMWFC; pretreatment with heparin prevents these changes. In the detection of VHMWF 4% agarose and beta-alanine precipitation seem to be necessary for a good resolution of the chromatographic profile. VHMWFC are devoid of albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulins on radial immunodiffusion and their elution volume suggests a molecular weight over 1 million. They show a procoagulant activity; namely they accelerate the fibrinogen polymerization and increase the resistance of normal plasma to heparin. They also induce the formation of platelet aggregates, reversible in EDTA, when incubated without stirring with control PRP, but in Born apparatus in presence of ADP they show a slight antiaggregating activity. In normal healthy young volunteers (control group A) the average values were respectively 7.81 ± 3.53 mg% for VHMWFC and 12.19 ± 4.74 mg% for HMWFC. Both VHMWFC and HMWFC are increased in patients with hypercoagulable states (patients with history of myocardial infarction, MIP, with chronic cerebrovascular disorders, CVP, with acute thrombophlebitis and with subacute intravascular coagulation, cancer patients). The increase of VHMWFC and HMWFC is however different in the various groups of patients. An increase predominantly of VHMWFC (sometimes with normal HMWFC) is detectable in MIP and CVP, whereas in subjects with acute thrombophlebitis and with cancer a predominant increase of HMWFC associated with increased levels of FDP is detectable. The detection of VHMWFC represents a useful tool for the evaluation of hypercoagulable state, and their occurrence can cooperate to enhance hypercoagulability as VHMWFC possess procoagulant activity.
Observations on the “Cytoskeleton” of Human Platelets
Authors: Nachmias V T , Sullender J , Fallon J , Asch A 
Published: February 2019

SummaryStructural study of rapidly lysed platelets supports the view that that shape change involves a change in state of the microfilaments which contain actin. The microtubule “bundle” appears to be a continuous coil. Proteolysis of a high molecular weight band is observed in platelets which can no longer form filopodia after suppression by local anesthetics.
Structure and Function of Platelet Glycocalicin
Authors: Jamieson G A , Okumura T , Hasitz M 
Published: February 2019

SummaryPresent knowledge of the structure and function of platelet glycocalicin is reviewed. Glycocalicin (M,. 150,000) is a glycoprotein component of the outer surface of intact platelets which is released in soluble form following platelet homogenization. Glycocalicin has been purified and shown to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by thrombin or by ristocetin. Thrombin binding activity is associated with the peptide “tail” of the molecule (Mr 45,000), the macroglycopeptide portion (Mr 120,000) being without effect. Glycocalicin and membrane-bound glycoprotein I have been shown to be functionally and immunologically identical. Studies with platelets modified by chymotrypsin, and with platelets from patients with Bemard-Soulier disease and an ill-defined bleeding abnormality show that the amount of thrombin bound is proportional to the total amount of glycocalicin and glycoprotein I present. These results support the concept of a single class of binding site for thrombin in platelets.
Temporal Bone Paraganglioma: Hearing Outcomes and Rehabilitation
Authors: Walker David , Babu Seilesh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDespite numerous advancements in the treatment of skull base tumors, the management of jugular paragangliomas remains controversial and nuanced. Contemporary treatment objectives focus not only on achieving durable tumor control but also on maximizing post-treatment quality of life. While this philosophy places appropriate attention on limiting cranial neuropathies, less discussed morbidities such as hearing loss can have a profound impact on quality of life outcomes. The objective of this retrospective review is to provide a comprehensive review of hearing outcomes following the treatment of tympanojugular paragangliomas. A particular focus is placed on the variable audiologic outcomes as it relates to disease pathology, extent of disease, as well as chosen treatment modality. This review underscores the importance of considering treatment-related effects on hearing.
Predictive Factors, 30-Day Clinical Outcomes, and Costs Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Pituitary Adenoma Resection
Authors: Parikh Adish , Adapa Arjun , Sullivan Stephen E. , McKean Erin L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a complication of endoscopic endonasal pituitary adenoma resection. Previous studies examining complications of pituitary adenoma resection have not examined associations of an exhaustive list of clinical and financial variables with CSF leak. We designed a retrospective analysis of 334 consecutive patients that underwent endoscopic endonasal pituitary adenoma resection at a single institution over 5 years, analyzing associations between CSF leak and demographic data, operative data, comorbidities, clinical complications and outcomes, costs, charges, and payments. Of the 20 preoperative variables studied, none were positively associated with CSF leak in between-groups comparison, although multivariate analysis revealed an association with a history of radiation to the skull base (odds ratio [OR], 8.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–57.03; p < 0.05). CSF leak was associated with a significantly higher rate of postoperative diabetes insipidus (Δ = 33.4%, p = 0.040) and increased length of stay after operation in between-groups comparison. Multivariate analysis on postoperative variables revealed significant associations between CSF leak and intracerebral hemorrhage (OR, 17.44; 95% CI, 0.65–275.3; p < 0.05) and postoperative intracranial infection (OR, 28.73; 95% CI, 2.04–438.7; p < 0.05). Also, CSF leak was associated with significantly higher costs (Δ = $15,643, p < 0.05) and hospital charges (Δ = $46,026, p < 0.05). Operating room time, room and board, and supplies and implants were the strongest cost drivers. This study highlights the difficulty of utilizing preoperative variables to predict CSF leak, the clinical complications and outcomes of leak, and the financial subcategories that drive the costs, charges, and payments associated with this complication.
Dimers of mitochondrial ATP synthase induce membrane curvature and self-assemble into rows
Authors: Blum Thorsten B. , Hahn Alexander , Meier Thomas , Davies Karen M. , Kühlbrandt Werner 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The ATP synthase in the inner membrane of mitochondria generates most of the ATP that enables higher organisms to live. The inner membrane forms deep invaginations called cristae. Mitochondrial ATP synthases are dimeric complexes of two identical monomers. It is known that the ATP synthase dimers form rows along the tightly curved cristae ridges. Computer simulations suggest that the dimer rows bend the membrane locally, but this has not been shown experimentally. In this study, we use electron cryotomography to provide experimental proof that ATP synthase dimers assemble spontaneously into rows upon membrane reconstitution, and that these rows bend the membrane. The assembly of ATP synthase dimers into rows is most likely the first step in the formation of mitochondrial cristae.
Metaphor and emotion
Authors: Sharma Sunil 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The objective of current research article is to examine the metaphorical concepts of emotion anger in
conventionalized phraseological expressions or phraseologisms (pls) of Hindi.1 It
aims to find out the extent to which conceptual metaphor motivate Hindi pls and influence their semantic configuration.
In addition, it also compares the metaphorical concepts of Hindi mainly with that of English and Chinese while employing the
research studies conducted by Kövecses (1990), Lakoff and Kövecses (1987) and Yu (2012), who have postulated that physical
interaction with surrounding world as well as cultural artefacts and practices largely mediate the conceptualization of emotions
in a given linguistic community. Being the language of a collectivist cultural community in India, Hindi chooses more
language-specific anger metaphors and conceptualizes anger more cultural specifically than English and other languages do.
Short‐term exercise training reduces glycaemic variability and lowers circulating endothelial microparticles in overweight and obese women at elevated risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rafiei Hossein , Robinson Emily , Barry Julianne , Jung Mary Elizabeth , Little Jonathan Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExercise is recognized as a frontline therapy for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) but the optimal type of exercise is not yet determined. We compared the effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) with moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) for improvement of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)‐derived markers of glycaemic variability, and biomarkers of endothelial cell damage (CD31+ and CD62+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs)) within a population at elevated risk of developing T2D. Fifteen inactive overweight or obese women were randomized to 2 weeks (10‐sessions) of progressive HIIT (n = 8, 4–10X 1‐min @ ∼90% peak heart rate, 1‐min rest periods) or MICT (n = 7, 20–50 min of continuous activity at ∼65% peak heart rate). Prior and three days post‐training, fasting blood samples were collected. Both HIIT and MICT improved glycaemic variability as measured by CGM standard deviation (HIIT: 0.82 ± 0.39 vs. 0.72 ± 0.33 mmol/L; MICT: 0.82 ± 0.19 vs. 0.62 ± 0.16 mmol/L, pre vs. post) and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE; HIIT: 1.98 ± 0.81 vs. 1.41 ± 0.90; MICT; 1.98 ± 0.43 vs. 1.65 ± 0.48, pre vs. post) with no difference between groups. CD62+ EMPs were lower following HIIT (187.7 ± 65 vs. 174.9 ± 55, pre vs. post) and MICT (170 ± 60 vs. 160.3 ± 59, pre vs. post) with no difference between groups. There was no change in 24‐h mean glucose or CD31+ EMPs. Two weeks of both HIIT or MICT similarly decreased glycaemic variability and CD62+ EMPs in overweight/obese women at elevated risk of T2D.
Acute taurine supplementation enhances thermoregulation and endurance cycling performance in the heat
Authors: Page Lee Kevin , Jeffries Owen , Waldron Mark 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of oral taurine supplementation on cycling time to exhaustion at a fixed‐intensity and thermoregulation in the heat. In a double‐blind, randomised crossover design, 11 healthy males participated in a time to exhaustion test in the heat (35°C, 40% RH), cycling at the power output associated with ventilatory threshold, 2 h after ingesting: Taurine (50 mg kg−1) or placebo (3 mg kg−1 maltodextrin). Core and mean skin temperature, mean sweat rate, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal comfort and thermal sensation were measured during exercise and blood lactate concentration (B[La]) was measured after exercise. Taurine supplementation increased time to exhaustion by 10% (25.16 min vs. 22.43 min, p = 0.040), end sweat rate by 12.7% (687 nL min−1 vs. 600 nL min−1, p = 0.034) and decreased B[La] by 16.5% (5.75 mmol L−1 vs. 6.85 mmol L−1, p = 0.033). Core temperature was lower in the final 10% of the time to exhaustion (38.5°C vs. 38.1°C, p = 0.049). Taurine supplementation increased time to exhaustion and local sweating, while decreasing RPE and core temperature in the later stages of exercise, as well as reducing post‐exercise B[La]. This study provides the evidence of taurine's role in thermoregulatory processes. These findings have implications for the short‐term preparation strategies of individuals exercising in the heat. Based on these findings, a single dose of taurine 2 h prior to training or competition would provide an ergogenic and thermoregulatory effect.
Increased population exposure to extreme droughts in China due to 0.5 °C of additional warming
Authors: Chen Huopo , Sun Jianqi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Drought, one of the major natural disasters in China, generally causes the largest socioeconomic loss each year and also has severe human health impacts. It is thus crucial to assess the changes in droughts in this region under different climate change scenarios. This study examines the impacts of stabilized 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming at the end of the 21st century on drought events in China by using a set of coupled Earth system model low-warming simulations. If warming is limited to 1.5 °C or 2.0 °C, these simulations suggest that droughts will become more frequent and more intense compared to the present day, particularly over the northern regions of China. In comparison to the 1.5 °C warmer future, the 0.5 °C additional warming in the 2.0 °C warmer future will account for approximately 9% of the increase in the drought occurrence in China and approximately 8% of extreme droughts, while there are relatively small responses for moderate and severe droughts. Consequently, the additional warming would lead to significantly higher drought impacts, and the population exposure to the extreme droughts is projected to increase by approximately 17%, although the exposure to moderate droughts decreases. Therefore, our results suggest that the mitigation of anthropogenic warming by 0.5 °C to achieve the 1.5 °C warmer climate instead of the 2.0 °C climate may have benefits for future drought risks and impacts.
Heart rate and respiration rate detection by optical fiber mattress using statistical classification spectrum analysis
Authors: He Guangqiang , Tang Minfang , Zhao Rongjian , Zhao Zhan , Chen Xianxiang , zeng hualin , Fang Zhen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The authors informed us of their intention to withdraw this article after acceptance but prior to completion of the version of record. The authors have not responded to our communications since then. We hereby withdraw this article from publication. No issues are known regarding the scientific content of the article, and there are no concerns regarding publication ethics.
Physiological monitoring systems have been widely used for the collection of key physio-logical parameters such as heart and respiration rates. However, conventional monitoring systems rely on electrodes or bandages which are not well accepted by subjects due to the requirements of direct contacts with their skins.
In this paper, a new physiological monitoring system without the direct contacts with hu-man skins was proposed, where physiological movements of subjects were translated into micro bends of optical fibers. More specifically, the movements due to blood pumping were used as the inputs of the system and variations of light intensities of optical fibers were used as the outputs, which were further processed to obtain heart and respiration rates. In data analysis, adaptive regulations and statistical classifications were used to address potential concerns of individual differences and body interferences.
The physiological monitoring systems developed in this study were used to quantify heart and reparation rates for healthy volunteers. Experimental results included 1) the heart rates of 40-150bpm and respiration rates of 10-20bpm for individual differences; 2)the heart rates of the mean error 1.60±0.98 beats per minute (bpm), 1.94±0.83bpm, 1.24±0.59bpm, 1.06±0.62 bpm contract to polar beat device in same individuals at four different posture contacts and mean error 1.09±0.96bpm, 1.44±0.99bpm, 1.78±0.94bpm at three different breathing states. Furthermore, the results based on this system were validated by conventional counterparts relying on skin-contacting electrodes where comparable results of 0.26±2.80 bpm in 95% confidence intervals (± 1.96SD) vs. Philips sure-signs of the VM6 medical monitor for heart rates and 0.41 ± 1.49 bpm in 95% confidence intervals (± 1.96SD) vs. ECG-derived Respiratory(EDR) for respiration rates were reported.
It is indicated that the developed system has nice performances and can be senselessly used under complex environments.
Relationships Between Social/Emotional Support and Quality of Life, Depression and Disability in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Analysis Based on Propensity Score Matching
Authors: Arabyat Rasha M , Raisch Dennis W 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) suffer from impaired Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Having an adequate social/emotional support may improve the quality of life of COPD patients.

Objective
To study the relationships between social/emotional support and HRQoL, depression and disability among patients with COPD.

Methods
We applied a propensity score model using data from a large U.S. population-based health survey to match COPD patients who reported rarely/never receiving social/emotional support with those who received that support. Social/emotional support and all dependent variables were dichotomized into yes/no responses. For HRQoL domains, number of days of poor physical or mental health and activity limitations, “yes” indicated ≥14 unhealthy days in the last 30 days. McNemar’s test was used to compare the matched groups.

Results
Social/emotional support was rarely/never received by 37% of responders. Standardized differences between matched groups, after propensity score matching, were less than 10% indicating successful matching. COPD patients who rarely/never receive social/emotional support were more likely to report: depression (n = 321 pairs, odds ratio (OR) = 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56–3.14, p < .001), ≥14 poor mental HRQoL days (n = 310 pairs, OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 2.1–4.73, p < .001) and ≥14 poor physical HRQoL days (n = 307 pairs, OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.06–2.13, p = .02). There were no significant differences in general health, disability, or activity limitations.

Conclusion
Among COPD patients, lower levels of social/emotional support are associated with depression and deterioration of mental and physical HRQoL. The importance of social/emotional support should be emphasized by policy makers, healthcare providers, and family members, to improve functioning among COPD patients.
Credit and Land Contracting: A Test of the Theory of Sharecropping
Authors: Das Narayan , de Janvry Alain , Sadoulet Elisabeth 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChoice of a share vs. fixed rent land rental contract has figured prominently in the theory of industrial organization. This theory tells us that, while a share contract is inefficient in a first‐best world, it may be the preferred option under second‐best conditions. It has thus predicted the existence of sharecropping as the potentially preferred contract under conditions of liquidity constraint. Rigorous empirical evidence is, however, still lacking on this basic contribution of theory. We use a randomized experiment in a credit program for landless workers and marginal farmers organized by BRAC in Bangladesh to show that increased access to credit has a large positive effect on the choice of fixed rent over share rent contracts, both in terms of number of contracts and area contracted. As predicted by theory, the magnitude of this shift away from sharecropping is enhanced when the tenant is less exposed to risk. Development programs that facilitate access to credit to potential tenants can thus help them take more efficient land rental contracts.