bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compound Heterozygosity for Two Novel Missense Mutations in the Prothrombin Gene in a Patient with a Severe Bleeding Tendency
Authors: Poort S R , Landolfi R , Bertina R M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe abnormal prothrombin gene of an Italian patient with a severe bleeding tendency and hypoprothrombinemia was selected for study and compared with the prothrombin genes of healthy controls. All the coding and their flanking regions and the 5ʹ- and 3ʹ-UT regions of the prothrombin gene were screened by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding PCR products. The patient was found to be heterozygous for two novel point mutations: one at nucleotide 4251 in exon 6, which changes the codon for cysteine-138 (TGC) in the kringle 1 domain to that for tyrosine (TAC), and one at nucleotide 8812 in exon 10, which results in the replacement of tryptophan-357 (TGG) by cysteine (TGT) in the catalytic domain. Her mother was heterozygous for the Cys-138 Tyr mutation and her father heterozygous for the Trp-357 Cys mutation. Several other sequence variations were identified in the prothrombin genes from control individuals. Only the variations at nucleotide 4203 and 10253 could be established as polymorphisms.
A Colorimetric Minisequencing Assay for the Mutation in Codon 506 of the Coagulation Factor V Gene
Authors: Sitbon Gisela , Hurtig Maria , Palotie Aarno , Lӧnngren Jӧrgen , Syvӓnen Ann-Christine 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe describe a colorimetric screening method for the mutation in codon 506 of the coagulation factor V gene. The nucleotide at the site of the FV:Q506 mutation is identified in an immobilized amplified DNA template by extension of a primer with a hapten-labelled dNTP using a DNA polymerase. The incorporated hapten is detected by an antibody- alkaline phosphatase conjugate that catalyses the formation of a coloured end product. The assay is carried out in a microtiter plate format, and the procedure is identical to that of enzyme immunoassays. It unequivocally identifies the FV:Q506 mutation in heterozygous and homozygous form. The colorimetric minisequencing method gave the same result as a 3H-based minisequencing assay and restriction site analysis with Mnll used as reference methods. Because of its simple format and numeric result, the novel colorimetric minisequencing method should be an attractive alternative for screening for the FV:Q506 mutation in clinical laboratories.
Monoclonal Antibodies against the Human Mannose Receptor that Inhibit the Binding of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Barrett-Bergshoeff Marrie , Noorman Femke , Bos Rogier , Rijken Dingeman C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTo study the role of the mannose receptor in cellular uptake and degradation of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), a set of five monoclonal antibodies (Moab) was generated against the mannose receptor isolated from human placental tissue.All Moab specifically recognised the 175 kDa mannose receptor in a crude placenta extract, as shown in Western blot analysis. By use of im- munohistochemistry, we showed that in human placenta only the Hof- bauer cells (fetal macrophages) express the mannose receptor. Epitope competition experiments indicated that the Moab bound to at least two different epitopes on the receptor molecule. Moab 14-3, 14-5, and 15-2, which are directed against one of these epitopes, strongly inhibited the interaction between the purified mannose receptor and t-PA. These Moab also inhibited mannose receptor-mediated degradation of t-PA by cultured human macrophages. The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) mediated t-PA degradation was not affected by the Moab.It is concluded that the Moab are useful for studying the expression of the human mannose receptor in Western blot and in immunohisto-chemistry, and for studying the interactions between the human mannose receptor and the mannose-containing ligand t-PA.
Serum Thrombopoietin Level Is Not Regulated by Transcription but by the Total Counts of both Megakaryocytes and Platelets during Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytosis
Authors: Nagata Yuka , Shozaki Yuka , Nagahisa Hiroshi , Nagasawa Toshiro , Abe Tsukasa , Todokoro Kazuo 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThrombopoietin (Tpo) regulates platelet production, but the mechanisms regulating the serum Tpo level and platelet count in circulation have been a subject of debate. Tpo was reported to be expressed mainly in liver and kidney, but we found that Tpo is expressed in all tissues examined: abundantly in liver, kidney, muscle, colon, brain and intestine, and moderately in bone marrow, spleen, lung, stomach, heart, thymus, ovary, and endothelial and leukemic cell lines. The levels of Tpo transcripts in major Tpo producing organs, liver and kidney, and in the platelet production sites bone marrow and spleen, were constant during acute thrombocytopenia induced by anti-platelet monoclonal antibody administration in mice, and during thrombocytosis induced by Tpo injection. Furthermore, we noticed that platelet count is not exactly inversely proportional to serum Tpo level. During acute thrombocytopenia, serum Tpo level transiently increased a few hours after antibody injection, and returned to the basal level just when matured megakaryocytes accumulated in bone marrow and spleen but the platelet count was still low. Matured megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleen increased when the serum Tpo level decreased, and decreased when platelet count rebounded. Taken together with other observations, we propose here a modified version of Kuter and Rosenberg’s theory, that is, Tpo is constitutively expressed in a variety of organs throughout the body, even in acute thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis, and that the serum Tpo level is not regulated by Tpo gene expression nor only by platelet counts in circulation, but by the total counts of both megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleen and of platelets in circulation
Defective Signal Transduction through the Thromboxane A2 Receptor in a Patient with a Miid Bleeding Disorder: Deficiency of the Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate Formation despite Normal G-protein Activation
Authors: Mitsui Tetsuo , Yokoyama Shinkichi , Shimizu Yukitoshi , Katsuura Michihiko , Akiba Kaori , Hayasaka Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe describe an 11-year-old girl with a mild bleeding disorder since early childhood. The disorder was characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, and the patient’s platelets showed defective aggregation responses to thromboxane A2 (TXA2) mimetic U46619 and arachidonic acid. In contrast, the platelets showed normal responses to thrombin and Ca ionophore A23187. When the platelet TXA2 receptor was examined with the [3H]-labeled TXA2 agonist U46619, the equilibrium dissociation rate constants (kd) and the maximal concentration of binding sites (Bmax) of the patient's platelets were within normal ranges. Normal GTPase activity was also induced in the patient's platelets by stimulation with U46619, however, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) formation was not induced by U46619. These results suggested that the patient’s platelets had a defect in phospholipase C activation beyond TXA2 receptors.
Endothelial Cell Protein S Synthesis Is Upregulated by the Complex of IL-6 and Soluble IL-6 Receptor
Authors: Hooper W Craig , Phillips Donald J , Evatt Bruce L 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe have recently demonstrated that the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), could upregulate the production of protein S in the human hepatoma cell line, HepG-2, but not in endothelial cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that the combination of exogenous IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) could significantly upregulate protein S production in both primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in the immortalized human microvascular endothelial cell line, HMEC-1. The IL-6/sIL-6R complex was also able to rapidly induce tyrosine phosphorylation of the IL-6 transducer, gpl30. Neutralizing antibodies directed against either IL-6 or gpl30 blocked protein S upregulation by the IL-6/sIL-6R complex. It was also observed that exogenous sIL-6R could also upregulate protein S by forming a complex with IL-6 constitutively produced by the endothelial cell. Two other cytokines which also utilize the gpl30 receptor, oncostatin M (OSM) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), were also able to upregulate endothelial cell protein S. This study demonstrates a mechanism that allows endothelial cells to respond to IL-6 and also illustrates the potential importance of circulating soluble receptors in the regulation of the anticoagulation pathway.
Irradiation Delays Tissue Growth but Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation in Vascularized Constructs
Authors: Rosenbauer Olga , Frisch Oliver , Giordano Frank , Fleckenstein Jens , Wenz Frederik , Kirschner Stephanie , Brockmann Marc , Schulte Matthias , Kneser Ulrich , Harhaus Leila , Eweida Ahmad 
Published: July 2018

Background Regenerative medicine is still deficient in the reconstruction after cancer due to impaired vascularization after radiotherapy and due to the need to substitute larger defects after tumor excision. Aiming at introducing regenerative medicine for reconstruction after cancer, we tested an axially vascularized bone construct in an experimental setting that mimics the clinical situation after tumor resection and adjuvant radiotherapy.
Methods Twenty bone constructs were axially vascularized using microsurgically created arteriovenous loops and were implanted subcutaneously in Lewis rats. After 2 weeks, the animals were randomly allocated either to receive a clinically relevant single dose of external beam irradiation or not (n = 10 for each group). The animals were sacrificed either after 1 week or 10 weeks after irradiation (n = 5 for each time point). The constructs were tested for vascularization, tissue growth, cellular proliferation, cellular apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation via histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. One construct per group was subjected at 10 weeks to qualitative micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging.
Results Tissue generation and cellular proliferation were significantly reduced at 1 week after irradiation, but no longer significantly different after 10 weeks.No significant differences in vascularization were detected at any time point. Apoptosis did not show any statistically significant differences between both groups at both time points. At the late time point, mature bone was considerably more in the irradiated group, but the results were not statistically significant. PCR analysis showed a significantly enhanced expression of osteocalcin in the irradiated group at 1 week. Micro-CT imaging showed that both constructs were adequately vascularized with no evident morphologic differences regarding vascular density or vascular distribution.
Conclusions Axially vascularized bone constructs can withstand clinically relevant doses of irradiation and retain their angiogenic and osteogenic potential in the long term. Irradiation led to a delayed tissue generation with a comparatively enhanced osteogenic differentiation within the constructs.
The right(s) and minimum income in hard times: Southern and Eastern Europe compared
Authors: Natili Marcello , Jessoula Matteo , Madama Ilaria , Matsaganis Manos 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The paper addresses a topic still largely under-researched in comparative welfare state literature: the role of right parties in the reform of last resort safety nets. More precisely, the study investigates minimum income schemes’ reforms promoted during the Great Recession (2008–2013) by centre-right governments in three countries belonging to the European periphery: Italy, Portugal and Latvia. Despite common political orientation and increased problem pressure, these countries have gone through distinct reform trajectories in their social safety nets that may be labelled expansion (Latvia), retrenchment (Portugal), and continuity (Italy). Against this backdrop, the paper suggests that right parties display substantially different positions and pursue different reform strategies in anti-poverty policies. These differences can be explained by the diverse types of right parties and varying competition and coalition dynamics in the three countries.
Disability and Work in South Asia and the United Kingdom
Authors: Buckingham Jane 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Historical analyses, as well as more contemporary examples of disability and work, show that the experience of disability is always culturally and historically mediated, but that class—in the sense of economic status—plays a major role in the way impairment is experienced as disabling. Although there is little published on disability history in India, the history of the Indian experience of caste disability demonstrates the centrality of work in the social and economic expression of stigma and marginalization. An Indian perspective supports the challenge to the dominant Western view that modern concepts of disability have their origins in the Industrial Revolution. Linkage between disability, incapacity to work, and low socioeconomic status are evident in India, which did not undergo the workplace changes associated with industrialization in the West.
Choreographers and Musicians in Collaboration, from the Twentieth to the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Jordan Stephanie 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Traditionally, dance has always needed music, although over the last century, this relationship has frequently been questioned. This chapter charts key historical shifts in choreomusical thinking, followed by a series of contemporary case studies demonstrating a range of approaches to, as well as commonalities across time in, the theories and practices of collaboration. Evidence shows increasingly independent, multidimensional, even oppositional relations between music and dance and a new fluidity in the behavior of artists, enabled partly by the advent of super-fast technology. In dance, relatively little information is available on the nature of creative processes, especially on musical issues. For the case studies, this chapter incorporates new interview material with choreographers and musicians based in the UK: Wayne McGregor, at home in both contemporary dance and ballet; Shobana Jeyasingh, who draws from South Asian classical and Western dance practices; and the performance duo Jonathan Burrows and Matteo Fargion.
Bureaucratic Politics in Israel
Authors: Gilad Sharon , Cohen Nissim 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Studies of the Israeli public sector point to the vast influence of the Ministry of Finance (MOF) across multiple policy domains. This chapter combines bureaucratic politics research and the notion of veto players to theorize a two-tiered power game between bureaucratic and political players. It argues that the policy influence of bureaucracies is shaped by stable institutional factors and by the extent to which powerful politicians are inclined to intervene. In Israel, legal provisions vest the MOF with an institutional advantage over other bureaus and their ministers. Yet the MOF’s ability to exploit its advantaged position is contingent upon the joint propensity of the prime minister (PM) and the finance minister (FM) to forgo intervention. The chapter associates the PM’s and FM’s inclination to support the MOF with their political motivation to maintain their grip on the agenda of an increasingly fragmented coalition government. Thus, the MOF’s supremacy is reliant upon, and underpins, political power.
The Church in the General Epistles
Authors: O'Collins Gerald 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Four letters (James, 1 Peter, Jude, and 2 Peter) and a homily (Hebrews), in distinctive ways, express and promote the four ‘marks’ of the church (as one, holy, catholic, and apostolic). They are concerned with the healthy and united life of Christian communities that now face suffering and apostasy. Two of them (James and 1 Peter) address scattered communities in a desire to maintain a worldwide, catholic communion. All five texts promote an ecclesiology based on the inherited Scriptures, and in the case of 2 Peter scriptural authority attaches to the letters of the apostle Paul. Both 1 and 2 Peter open by appealing to the apostolic authority of Peter. James suggests the role of teachers and elders. The whole church should be priestly (1 Peter) and worshipping (Hebrews).
Social Complexity and Political Capitals in Ancient Eurasia
Authors: Negus Cleary Michelle 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article draws upon archaeological evidence of settlement and enclosure sites as key indicators of social complexity in agro-pastoral societies of Central Asia and Inner Eurasia during the Late Iron Age–Late Antique periods. Large fortified enclosures (kalas) were the political capitals of mobile states and empires, embodying and displaying the power, status, and prestige of ruling elites. Low-density “urban” sites were located in dispersed settlement zones associated with rivers or water management systems in the Eurasian steppe and oases. These capitals were an alternative form of urbanism suited to the political organization of mobile ruling elites. This analysis provides insights into the varied modes of settlement utilized by agro-pastoral and mobile societies in extreme environmental zones.
School Counselors’ Perceptions of Necessary Attributes of Middle and High School Students Interested in a Career in Nursing
Authors: Williams Cheryl , Dickstein-Fischer Laurie 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

AIM
The focus of this study was to examine which attributes school counselors perceive as necessary for middle and high school students interested in a career in nursing.

BACKGROUND
School counselors play a pivotal role in secondary students’ career development but were found to have limited knowledge about the need for increased academic rigor in nursing.

METHOD
A national sample of 204 school counselors responded to a web-based survey that examined perceptions of necessary attributes of prospective nursing students.

RESULTS
This is the first national study to identify school counselors’ perceived attributes of prospective nursing students. Results included trustworthiness and caring; academic attributes ranked lower.

CONCLUSION
School counselors in this study perceived nursing as a caring profession but not necessarily an academic one. Early intervention in middle school may alter preconceived images of nursing as exclusively female and caring but also as a profession that requires much academic preparation.
Missed Nursing Care as a Quality Indicator During Transition to a Dedicated Education Unit Model
Authors: Jones Cynthia , Chesak Sherry , Forsyth Diane , Meiers Sonja 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This pilot study compared the implementation of the innovative dedicated education unit (DEU) clinical model on quality of care with the traditional clinical model using missed nursing care as a quality indicator. A university and academic medical center partnered to conduct this quasiexperimental study, which is the first to use missed nursing care as a quality indicator when assessing transition to the DEU model. Evidence suggests that quality of care was maintained during DEU implementation.
Ondansetron for Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy and the Risk of Specific Birth Defects
Authors: Parker Samantha E. , Van Bennekom Carla , Anderka Marlene , Mitchell Allen A. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To use data from two large studies of birth defects to describe time trends in ondansetron use for the treatment of first-trimester nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and to investigate associations, either previously reported or undescribed, between first-trimester ondansetron use and major birth defects.

METHODS:
We used data from two case–control studies, the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011) and the Slone Birth Defects Study (1997–2014). The prevalence of ondansetron use for the treatment of first-trimester nausea and vomiting of pregnancy among control patients was calculated in 2-year intervals. Using women with untreated first-trimester nausea and vomiting of pregnancy as the reference, we calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for associations between first-trimester ondansetron use for treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and specific birth defects. A secondary exposure group of other prescription antiemetics was used to address confounding by indication.

RESULTS:
In the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and Slone Birth Defects Study, respectively, 6,751 and 5,873 control mothers and 14,667 and 8,533 case mothers who reported first-trimester nausea and vomiting of pregnancy were included in the analysis. Among women in the control group, ondansetron exposure increased from less than 1% before 2000 to 13% in 2013–2014. Ondansetron use was not associated with an increased risk for most of the 51 defect groups analyzed. Modest increases in risk were observed for cleft palate (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.3) in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and renal agenesis–dysgenesis (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.0) in the Birth Defects Study, although these findings may be the result of chance.

CONCLUSION:
Off-label use of ondansetron for the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy increased to 13% by the end of the study period. For the majority of specific birth defects investigated, there was no increased risk associated with first-trimester use of ondansetron for treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy compared with no treatment, although modest associations with cleft palate and renal agenesis–dysgenesis warrant further study.
Use of the STROBE Checklist to Evaluate the Reporting Quality of Observational Research in Obstetrics
Authors: Adams April D. , Benner Rebecca S. , Riggs Thomas W. , Chescheir Nancy C. 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate observational research manuscripts submitted to Obstetrics & Gynecology to determine the level of adherence to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist and highlight specific areas that could be improved.

METHODS:
A scoring system based on the STROBE checklist was developed and validated for consistency by volunteer medical students or doctors. Using this scoring system, we performed a cross-sectional analysis on 198 observational research manuscripts submitted to Obstetrics & Gynecology from 2008 to 2016. Each manuscript was given a score based on the STROBE checklist. Comparisons were made among acceptance status, country of origin, and study type. Descriptive statistics (means, medians, and frequencies) were calculated for each manuscript category. The t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare differences between two groups and analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare differences among three or more groups.

RESULTS:
There was a statistically significant difference between the mean score for accepted (23.2±2.7) compared with rejected (19.7±4.1) manuscripts (P<.001). This difference was not seen when comparing country of origin and study type. Poor reporting was seen among all manuscript categories for objectives, study size, missing data, study participants, and translation of risk. Additionally, rejected manuscripts had poor reporting for eligibility criteria, variables, bias and confounding, statistical methods, unadjusted and adjusted estimates, and category boundaries.

CONCLUSION:
Overall, accepted manuscripts show better adherence to the STROBE checklist, but there are several critical items that are poorly reported in all manuscripts.