bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Femoral Artery Infusion of αMSH Increases Muscle Thermogenesis and Promotes Glucose Uptake in Ovariectomized Ewes
Authors: Henry Belinda A , Cowley Michael A , Andrews Zane B , Clarke Iain J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The melanocortin system is fundamental to neural control of energy balance and long-term weight regulation. Recent evidence shows that melanocortins also act at peripheral tissues to regulate metabolism, independent of the brain or the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). One such target is skeletal muscle, which contributes to energy expenditure through changes in adaptive thermogenesis. We aimed to determine 1) whether direct femoral infusion of α-melanocyte–stimulating hormone (αMSH) could increase muscle heat production independent of SNS activation and 2) if αMSH-induced skeletal muscle heat production was associated with altered mitochondrial function. Dataloggers were implanted into one hind leg of ovariectomized ewes and set to record vastus lateralis temperature every 15 minutes. A cannula was inserted into one femoral artery for infusion of either αMSH (0.1 µg/h) or saline. Femoral infusion of αMSH increased (P &lt; .0001) skeletal muscle heat production, without effect on food intake. State 4 respiration increased (P &lt; .05) and the respiratory control ratio decreased (P &lt; .05) in mitochondria isolated from αMSH-treated animals. In addition, femoral infusion of αMSH reduced plasma glucose concentration in the femoral, but not the jugular vein; there was no effect of αMSH treatment on nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. These data suggest that αMSH can act locally to increase glucose uptake. We further show that blockade of the α- and β-adrenergic limbs of the SNS with either phentolamine or propranolol infusion had no effect on αMSH-induced skeletal muscle heat production. Overall, we show that αMSH acts directly at skeletal muscle to promote glucose uptake and increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial thermogenesis.
Reviewing “Nil Per Os” Guidance for Clear Fluids in Children Before Anesthesia: Survey of the Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council
Authors: Dalal Priti G. , Malviya Shobha , Cravero Joseph , Fehr James ,   on behalf of Society for Pediatric Anesthesia, Quality and Safety Committee “Nil per Os” Task Force
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Several international pediatric anesthesia societies have endorsed a change in the traditional nil per os (NPO) cutoff of clear fluids (CF) from 2 hours to 1 hour. These recommendations were compiled from large-scale outcomes, gastric ultrasound, and quality improvement studies. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) recently published their updated guidelines. Despite the lack of prospective randomized studies with conclusive outcomes, several major children’s health systems in North America have already implemented or are modifying their institutional guidelines for CF. The objectives of this survey were to evaluate the current practices, changing trends, perceived benefits, and barriers in reducing the NPO times for CF in children presenting for anesthesia.

METHODS:
After approval from the Penn State University Institutional Review Board, an electronic survey of the Pediatric Anesthesia Leadership Council (PALC, consortium of Pediatric Anesthesiology Chairs and Division Chiefs across the United States) members was conducted by the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Quality and Safety Committee (SPA-QS) NPO Clears Task Force between June 2023 and October 2023. Inclusion criteria were PALC membership and single response from each institution.

RESULTS:
A total of 88 member institutions were represented by the PALC group. The final response rate was 75 of 88 (85.2%) from across 33 states. Eighty-eight percent of the respondents belonged to a tertiary pediatric center, and 94.7% belonged to an academic setting. At the time of the survey, 8 out of 75 (10.6%) responding institutions followed 1-hour CF cutoff, 7 (9.3%) were in the process of changing to 1-hour and 60 (80%) followed a 2-hour cutoff. 55(73%) respondents actively encouraged CF up to the time they had to be NPO. 46.7% of the respondents reported significant issues (hypoglycemia, dehydration, difficulty in establishing intravenous access, patient and parental dissatisfaction) with prolonged fasting in children. The survey responses included multiple comments in favor of changing guidelines to 1 hour for CF in healthy young children. The overarching concern for implementation of 1-hour cutoff for CF was the potential medicolegal ramification of a policy change in the absence of an official statement from national professional societies.

CONCLUSIONS:
The survey demonstrates growing trends toward implementing the reduced NPO time for CF to 1 hour nationally. Based on the current ASA guidelines, the SPA-QS committee recommends close attention to NPO times and strongly encourages CF consumption up to the recommended cutoff time. It appears reasonable to follow a 1-hour cutoff for CF as deemed appropriate by the attending anesthesiologist or the institution.
Cortisol dynamics and GR-dependent feedback regulation in zebrafish larvae exposed to repeated stress
Authors: Castillo-Ramírez Luis A. , Ryu Soojin , De Marco Rodrigo J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Zebrafish larvae show a rapid increase in cortisol in response to acute stressors, followed by a decline. While these responses are documented, both the duration of the refractory period to repeated stressors and the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in specific phases of the glucocorticoid negative feedback are still being clarified. We explored these questions using water vortices as stressors, combined with GR blockage and measurements of whole-body cortisol in zebrafish larvae subjected to single and repeated stress protocols. Cortisol levels were elevated 10 min after stress onset and returned to baseline within 30-40 min, depending on the stressor strength. In response to homotypic stress, cortisol levels rose above baseline if the second stressor occurred 60 or 120 min after the first, but not with a 30-min interval. This suggests a rapid cortisol-mediated feedback loop with a refractory period of at least 30 min. Treatment with a GR blocker delayed the return to baseline and suppressed the refractory period, indicating GR-dependent early-phase feedback regulation. These findings are consistent with mammalian models and provide a framework for further analyses of early-life cortisol responses and feedback in zebrafish larvae, ideal for non-invasive imaging and high-throughput screening.
An expanded view of cell competition
Authors: Khandekar Ameya , Ellis Stephanie J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Cell competition arises in heterogeneous tissues when neighbouring cells sense their relative fitness and undergo selection. It has been a challenge to define contexts in which cell competition is a physiologically relevant phenomenon and to understand the cellular features that underlie fitness and fitness sensing. Drawing on examples across a range of contexts and length scales, we illuminate molecular and cellular features that could underlie fitness in diverse tissue types and processes to promote and reinforce long-term maintenance of tissue function. We propose that by broadening the scope of how fitness is defined and the circumstances in which cell competition can occur, the field can unlock the potential of cell competition as a lens through which heterogeneity and its role in the fundamental principles of complex tissue organisation can be understood.
Ankyrin-B is required for the establishment and maintenance of lens cytoarchitecture, mechanics and clarity
Authors: Maddala Rupalatha , Allen Ariana , Skiba Nikolai P. , Rao Ponugoti Vasantha 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The transparent ocular lens is essential for vision because it focuses light onto the retina. Despite recognition of the importance of its unique cellular architecture and mechanical properties, the molecular mechanisms governing these attributes remain elusive. This study aims to elucidate the role of ankyrin-B (AnkB, encoded by ANK2), a membrane scaffolding protein, in lens cytoarchitecture, growth and function using a conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. The AnkB cKO mouse has no defects in lens morphogenesis but exhibited changes that supported a global role for AnkB in maintenance of lens clarity, size, cytoarchitecture, membrane organization and stiffness. Notably, absence of AnkB led to nuclear cataract formation, which was evident from postnatal day 16. AnkB cKO lens fibers exhibit progressive disruption in membrane organization of the spectrin-actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion proteins and channel proteins; loss and degradation of several membrane proteins [such as NrCAM. N-cadherin (CDH2) and aquaporin-0 (also known as MIP)]; along with a disorganized plasma membrane and impaired membrane interdigitations. Furthermore, absence of AnkB led to decreased lens stiffness. Collectively, these results illustrate the essential role for AnkB in lens architecture, growth and function through its involvement in membrane skeletal and protein organization and stability.
Tutorial: Addressing Underexposed Components in Operations Research Literature
Authors: Cruijssen Frans , Peters Koen , Fleuren Hein 
Published: November 2024

This tutorial paper discusses underrepresented practical perspectives in the operations research literature, which primarily focuses on theoretical advancements rather than documenting successful real-world applications. Drawing on experience in academia, business, and humanitarian organizations, the authors identify seven crucial—yet often overlooked—components essential for a successful analytics implementation. These components are change management, data management, model selection and validation, project management, promotion and advocacy, scoping, and software. Despite the prevalence of analytics research, these components are seldom discussed in academic literature, leaving a gap between theory and practice in analytics. We emphasize the importance of these components to achieve impactful analytics interventions and call for a more comprehensive approach to analytics research. By bridging the gap between hard analytics (mathematical modeling) and soft analytics (practical implementation), the tutorial highlights the need for scholars and practitioners to collaborate and exchange insights for more effective real-world applications of analytics. History: This paper was refereed.
Budget-Driven Multiperiod Hub Location: A Robust Time-Series Approach
Authors: Hu Jie , Chen Zhi , Wang Shuming 
Published: November 2024

A Robust Time-Series Approach to the Budget-Driven Multiperiod Hub Location Problem The (un)capacitated multiperiod hub location problem involves uncertain time-series demands, the distribution of which is unobservable and correlated over periods. In “Budget-Driven Multiperiod Hub Location: A Robust Time-Series Approach,” Hu, Chen, and Wang develop a nested ambiguity set that characterizes uncertain periodic demands via a general multivariate time-series model and propose a budget-driven model that constrains each expected periodic cost within a budget while optimizing the robustness level by maximizing the size of the nested ambiguity set. Under certain regularity conditions on the underlying VAR(p) or VARMA(p,q) process of the stochastic demand, the developed ambiguity set enjoys the desirable property of measure concentration that translates to finite-sample performance guarantees of optimization problems’ decisions. In the uncapacitated case, the proposed budget-driven model essentially optimizes a Sharpe ratio–type criterion over the worst case among all periods. This research contributes to time-series predictive distributionally robust optimization.
Anti-LGI1 autoimmune limbic encephalitis: an easy-to-miss diagnosis
Authors: Freitas Henriques Carolina , Fernandes Rui , Neves Leonor , Miranda Rubina , Noronha Duarte , Aguiar Teresa Carolina , Faria Teresa 
Published: November 2024

Background: Autoimmune limbic encephalitis (ALE) is a rare inflammatory disorder characterised by a subacute onset, usually within weeks. The presence of multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms such as seizures, short-term memory deficits, anxiety and depression often leads to misdiagnosis as another medical condition, contributing to poor prognosis and reduced long-term survival. Case description: A 60-year-old man, with no chronic illnesses, presented at the emergency department with daily episodes of palpitations, shivering, piloerection and a sense of impending doom lasting two months. Initially diagnosed with anxiety disorder and treated with venlafaxine 50 mg daily, he showed no improvement and developed memory loss. Hospitalised three months later, he exhibited both temporal and spatial disorientation, along with short-term memory loss. Key findings included elevated serum sedimentation rate, hyponatraemia, increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels and cranial magnetic resonance imaging evidence of bilateral temporal intra-parenchymal lesions, suggesting limbic encephalitis. After ruling out alternative diagnoses, screening of autoantibodies in the CSF was requested, which was positive for anti-LGI1 antibodies. The diagnosis of anti-LGI1 ALE was assumed, and treatment was initiated with significant clinical and imaging improvement. Conclusions: ALE’s broad clinical spectrum contributes to underdiagnosis. Therefore, in patients with new onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms and no prior psychiatric history, ALE should be considered, as prompt diagnosis and treatment are pivotal to achieve a good prognosis.
Meeting people where they are: Crowdsourcing goal-specific personalized wellness practices
Authors: Hidalgo Johanna E. , Kim Julia , Llorin Jordan , Stanton Kathryn , Cherian Josh , Bloomfield Laura , Fudolig Mikaela , Price Matthew , Ha Jennifer , Noble Natalie , Danforth Christopher M. , Dodds Peter Sheridan , Fanning Jason , McGinnis Ryan S. , McGinnis Ellen W. 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Despite the development of efficacious wellness interventions, sustainable wellness behavior change remains challenging. To optimize engagement, initiating small behaviors that build upon existing practices congruent with individuals’ lifestyles may promote sustainable wellness behavior change. In this study, we crowd-sourced helpful, flexible, and engaging wellness practices to identify a list of those commonly used for improving sleep, productivity, and physical, emotional, and social wellness from participants who felt they had been successful in these dimensions.

Method
We recruited a representative sample of 992 U.S. residents to survey the wellness dimensions in which they had achieved success and their specific wellness practices.

Results
Responses were aggregated across demographic, health, lifestyle factors, and wellness dimension. Exploration of these data revealed that there was little overlap in preferred practices across wellness dimensions. Within wellness dimensions, preferred practices were similar across demographic factors, especially within the top 3–4 most selected practices. Interestingly, daily wellness practices differ from those typically recommended as efficacious by research studies and seem to be impacted by health status (e.g., depression, cardiovascular disease). Additionally, we developed and provide for public use a web dashboard that visualizes and enables exploration of the study results.

Conclusions
Findings identify personalized, sustainable wellness practices targeted at specific wellness dimensions. Future studies could leverage tailored practices as recommendations for optimizing the development of healthier behaviors.
ANALISIS AKAD-AKAD SYARIAH DAN APLIKASINYA PADA FINTECH SYARIAH PERPEKTIF FATWA DSN-MUI NOMOR 67/ DSN-MUI/ III/2008(Studi Kasus Produk Invoice Financing Syariah PT. Investree Radhika Jaya)
Authors: ‘Ala Arkham Sitta 
Published: November 2024

Salah satu Fintech yang menerapkan berbagai macam produk layanan pelaksanaan peer to peer lending (P2P) adalah PT. Investree Radhika Jaya, atau biasa disebut Investree. Salah satu produk produk yang ditawarkan ialah pembiayaan tagihan atau invoice financing syariah. Pembiayaan tagihan atau invoice financing syariah adalah produk mendanai yang dijamin oleh tagihan atau invoice, dirancang dengan menggunakan skema syariah melalui Akad Al Qardh untuk pemberian dana talangan dan Akad Wakalah Bil Ujrah untuk mendapatkan ujrah, hal ini seperti anjak piutang syariah. PT. Investree Radhika Jaya selaku penyelenggara bertindak sebagai wakil dari beberapa pihak; pemberi pinjaman, penerima pinjaman, dan payor. Hubungan saling keterkaitan antara beberapa pihak tersebut mengakibatkan berbagai macam akad digunakan disini, terdapat empat akad dalam produk invoice finacing syariah PT Investree Radhika Jaya, akad qardh, kafalah, wakalah bi ujrah, dan ta’zir. Penggunaan akad sudah sesuai dengan rukun dan syaratnya. Namun penelitan tentang produk invoice financing syariah jika dianalisa kesesuaian pelaksanaan dengan perspektif FATWA DSN-MUI NOMOR 67/ DSN-MUI/ III/2008. Dihasilkan bahwa produk invoice financing syariah belum sesuai dengan ketentuan. Hal ini dikarenakan saat pengambilan ujrah atau upah, hal mendasar yang dijadikan acuan pengambilan ialah prosentase dari nilai pokok hutang yang berhasil didanai bukan kepada nominal, sebagaimana ketentuan fatwa DSN-MUI. Hal ini bisa mendekatkan kepada riba.
Simulation-based optimization of decision-making process in railway nodes
Authors: Galadíková Andrea , Adamko Norbert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Smooth operation of railway stations and yards is vital for the efficient functioning of the whole railway system. Being complex systems, their operation is extremely sensitive to various influences, which makes their management, especially at the operational level, very difficult. Efficient tools to aid the decision-making process of dispatchers of such stations are therefore needed. With an emphasis on increasing the effectiveness of decision support tools, we propose a simulation-based optimization algorithm. This algorithm extracts a dataset from a simulation model and then reduces it to a partial dataset to be able to use specific exact optimization method in operational management. The partial dataset is limited by certain time horizon. The applicability of the proposed algorithm has been verified on two distinct tasks, namely, personnel assignment and service task assignment in a maintenance depot, confirming the usability of the proposed approach.
Experimental investigation of flexural strength and plane strain fracture toughness of carbon/silk fabric epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Madhavi Polepalli , Chandra Shekar Kaspa , Narender Gorentla , Harinatha Reddy Maddika , Jaya Prakash Kode , Varalakshmi Machireddy Venkata , Udaya Bhaskar Sape 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Comparing polymer matrix composites with conventional composites, such as continuous fiber-reinforced composites, shows a considerable increase in strength and fracture toughness. In this study, compression molding was used to create hybrid (carbon and silk fabric-reinforced) and carbon fabric-reinforced epoxy matrix composites using a hand layup process. This article discusses the evaluated flexural strength (FS) and plane strain Mode-I fracture toughness of composite materials. The impact of carbon fabric reinforcement on the fracture toughness of these composites was assessed using the obtained results. It was found that the addition of silk fabric reinforcement decreased the hybrid composite’s plane strain Mode-I fracture toughness. Fracture toughness and FS are higher in carbon fabric-reinforced composite than in hybrid composite.
Mathematical model based on nonlinear differential equations and its control algorithm
Authors: Yuan Xiaohua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A practical examination of the traditional robotic arm (RA) in operation revealed a significant limitation in its ability to control the position of motion. This underscores the urgent need to enhance the current RA’s position control capabilities. Therefore, this study proposes the use of nonlinear differential equations (NDEs) to establish a mathematical model and the design of NDE-based RA motion control algorithms in conjunction with a central pattern generator neural network. A comparison of the control effects showed that the proposed method was highly fitted to the target trajectory. The joint node (JN) motion tracking trajectories of the three RAs were similar, up to 90–85% to the target trajectories of the JNs. In addition, the control of the motion position was similar up to 95–98% to the target motion position trajectories. The motion control algorithm based on NDEs was effective in improving the average execution time of the Pareto optimal frontier of the RA by 58.29%. The joint velocity and angle changes of the three types of RAs under the NDE control algorithm exhibited a high degree of similarity to the fluctuations observed in the expected and predicted curves. These observations contribute to an understanding of the effectiveness of the system observer in observing the joint angle changes. This indicates that the motion control based on NDEs can effectively enhance the tracking effectiveness of the JN positions of the RA, improve the control ability of the RA motion, and increase the joint stability of the RA.
The Role of Healthcare Conversion Foundations in Investing in Population Health
Authors: Balio Casey P. , Galler Nicole , Meit Michael B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Healthcare conversion foundations (CF) are charitable entities with endowments of varying sizes that are created as the result of a sale of a hospital or health system. Limited current research focuses on the impacts of CF grant-making and philanthropy within the communities they serve. In this study, we use a panel analysis of CF financial information from 2011 to 2021 to characterize CF investments by geography, and as compared to required tax-exempt hospital community benefit spending. Of the 51 foundations included in the analysis, CFs invested over $382 million into the communities they served through contributions, gifts, and grants in fiscal year 2021 alone. On average, CFs invested $20.21 per-capita on contributions, gifts, and grants in their communities, with CFs that serve non-metropolitan areas investing significantly more per-capita than those that serve only metropolitan areas ($32.97 vs $10.09, respectively), although non-metropolitan CFs may represent a larger proportion of overall community charitable investment as compared to metropolitan CFs within a given community. In conjunction with prior evidence, findings from the current study suggest that CF investments in the communities they serve appear to be on a similar scale as community benefit spending of tax-exempt hospitals, although there is significant heterogeneity in spending across both CFs and tax-exempt hospitals. Further understanding of the impacts of conversion foundations within the communities they serve and how they may change over time in response to changing communities, health care context, and regulations is important to understanding the scope and impact of philanthropic funding for population health.