bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydration and carbonation curing of high ferrite clinker (FePC) synthesized using EAF slag
Authors: Adesanya Elijah , Isteri Visa , Baral Aniruddha , Rößler Christiane , Hanein Theodore , Yliniemi Juho 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study explores the use of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag as a sustainable alternative raw material in cement clinker production. The research demonstrates the synthesis of ferrite-rich clinker using EAF slag, achieving a clinker composition of 47% alite, 32% ferrite, and 20% belite while replacing 20% of clinker raw materials i.e. limestone, iron and silica source. The hydration behavior and influence of carbonation curing on the reactivity of the ferrite phase were assessed. Results show that the addition of 5% gypsum to the clinker enhanced the hydration rate of alite and ferrite phases, promoting the formation of portlandite, C-S-H and ettringite as the major hydration phases. Typical of ferrite-rich cement, Fe/Al-rich siliceous hydrogarnet was also identified as secondary hydration products of the ferrite phase, formed as a result of the reaction of katoite (formed from ferrite dissolution) with dissolved silica. However, prolonged carbonation exposure led to a decrease in the formation of the hydrogarnet and the decomposition of ettringite, but the mortar’s strength increased with increasing calcium carbonate formation.
A complete classification of shuffle groups
Authors: Xia Binzhou , Zhang Junyang , Zhang Zhishuo , Zhu Wenying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For positive integers k and n, the shuffle group

$G_{k,kn}$

is generated by the

$k!$

permutations of a deck of

$kn$

cards performed by cutting the deck into k piles with n cards in each pile, and then perfectly interleaving these cards following a certain permutation of the k piles. For

$k=2$

, the shuffle group

$G_{2,2n}$

was determined by Diaconis, Graham and Kantor in 1983. The Shuffle Group Conjecture states that, for general k, the shuffle group

$G_{k,kn}$

contains

$\mathrm {A}_{kn}$

whenever

$k\notin \{2,4\}$

and n is not a power of k. In particular, the conjecture in the case

$k=3$

was posed by Medvedoff and Morrison in 1987. The only values of k for which the Shuffle Group Conjecture has been confirmed so far are powers of

$2$

, due to recent work of Amarra, Morgan and Praeger based on Classification of Finite Simple Groups. In this paper, we confirm the Shuffle Group Conjecture for all cases using results on

$2$

-transitive groups and elements of large fixed point ratio in primitive groups.
‘If there is trust there is no need for words’: embodying trust in a competitive environment
Authors: Crawley Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe anthropology of sport literature, and literature on neoliberalism in Africa more broadly, has often been predicated on the notion that neoliberalism forces a conversion from seeing the self as collectively produced towards the development of an individualistic and competitive ‘entrepreneurship of self’. While global long-distance running is increasingly competitive, with the odds against success stacked ever higher, this is not a dynamic that can be traced in Ethiopia. Rather, there is a sense that the individualism and competitiveness that are acknowledged to already be at the heart of Amhara society must be tempered in order for athletes to survive within this system. Increasing competition is understood to require people to work together more closely, rather than forcing them apart. In this article, I explore the paradox that bodily acts of trust can coexist with the discursive insistence on the impossibility of trust in competitive environments. By focusing on the warm-up as a key site of trust work, I show how an awareness of the challenges inherent in enacting trusting relations in close proximity with others necessitates deliberate work over a number of years to render such behaviour as unspoken as possible.
The Eséka train disaster as a witchcraft collective action: a socio-historical perspective on anger
Authors: Molo Brice 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe October 2016 train accident on Cameroon’s main railway line remains shrouded in mystery. The announcement of the derailment before it happened, followed by a denial by the Minister of Transport a few hours later, at the very moment of the accident, has given rise to much speculation. According to testimonies collected in Eséka through fieldwork and the media, this tragic event was interpreted as the result of a witchcraft conspiracy. The inhabitants of the Bassa region, who consider the railway crossing their territory as a cultural heritage, had expressed their discontent with attempts to rationalize the line for some time. These accounts reveal that the disaster was triggered by collective action which unfolded through three distinct phases: labelling, whereby words acquire particular power; harbingers of misfortune; and finally, the bewitchment of the train to ‘zombify’ it, leading to its derailment. In response to these witchcraft imaginaries, the president himself addressed the Bassa’s grievances and requested an adjustment of the train stops, thus demonstrating the performativity of witchcraft and its capacity to put grievances on the agenda and to shape public policies. This article puts forward the idea that witchcraft represents a repertoire from which a community draws to express dissent. Bewitching and zombifying the train to make it derail are, for some actors, a way of signalling to the modern African state that it is not always ‘master in its own house’, that it does not have total control over reality and that it must constantly negotiate its authority.
A leap of faith: football and religion among aspiring migrants in Cameroon
Authors: Kovač Uroš 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFor young men in Cameroon, football has long been a paradigm of sociality through competitive spirit. In recent decades, however, the stakes of competitive football have been raised: the sport has also emerged as a strategy for young men to migrate abroad and earn a living. On and off the football fields, young men seek to grab limited opportunities to sign contracts with clubs abroad, but few succeed. However, the aspiring athletes rarely see themselves as autonomous individuals competing for a limited number of spots in football clubs. Rather, they attribute failure or success to questions of trust and mistrust: in competitive peers, in neighbours and kin, in Pentecostal Christianity, and in football as a source of livelihood. Competing for a place in a global football industry has led the footballers to mistrust potentially envious others, but also increasingly to put their faith in a Christian God and develop a confident orientation towards a future of success despite the odds. The nexus of football, religion and migration aspirations in Anglophone Cameroon reveals how trust retains a central, albeit ambiguous, place in high-stakes competitive environments, namely as a leap of faith and a confidence in engaging uncertainty. It complicates the idea of competition as a singular and neutral principle that obviates the need for trust, and refines anthropological theory that tacitly confines trust to interpersonal relationships.
Transcatheter closure of a right pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula using multi-modality image fusion guidance
Authors: Soszyn Natalie , Gill Edward A. , Zablah Jenny E. , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present the case of 53-year-old woman with a late diagnosis of an right pulmonary artery-left atrium fistula who underwent transcatheter device closure using multi-modality imaging for pre-procedural planning and procedural guidance.
Disentangling Spatio‐Temporal Impacts of Multiple Environmental Factors on the Global Discharge Regime
Authors: Vu Tinh , Kiesel Jens , Guse Björn , Domisch Sami , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlobal discharge regimes are strongly affected by multiple environmental drivers. It remains a challenge to relate their contributions and complex spatio‐temporal cause‐effect chains to a given time and location. To disentangle these relationships, we combined 12 environmental variables with changes in more than 25,000 discharge time series globally and identified the variable importance across climate zones using random forest analyses. The results show that (a) about two‐thirds of the global catchments experienced significant changes in discharge between 1980s and 1990s and (b) more than 80% of the basins with new dams built during the study period have experienced changes, twice as many as basins without dams. Furthermore, (c) most environmental variables were subject to significant changes, especially precipitation, temperature and urban land cover; (d) strong changes in the discharge regime were mostly associated with precipitation, followed by land cover changes, and (e) impacts of water infrastructure are dominant in basins with weak evidence of change in discharge. Our findings highlight the contribution of each individual environmental factor on global discharge regimes and can be used to inform water‐related studies and global modeling efforts in the future.
Persistent Heterogeneities in the Oceanic Lithosphere Due To Differential Freezing Beneath Ridges
Authors: Sim Shi Joyce , Yu Ting‐Ying , Havlin Chris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOceanic lithosphere, which forms two‐thirds of Earth's surface, is generated at mid‐ocean ridge spreading centers. Yet the internal structure of the lithosphere is not well characterized and often considered to be homogeneous relative to the structure of continental lithosphere. While geophysical observations clearly delineate the crust‐mantle boundary and the lithosphere‐asthenopshere boundary, other seismic anomalies known as mid‐lithosphere discontinuities (MLDs) have been challenging to detect and poorly constrained. Here we present melt transport models applied to the mid‐ocean ridge system that indicate MLDs are a widespread fundamental feature of oceanic lithosphere. In our models, some melt generated from decompression melting is frozen back into the lithosphere, forming a layered refertilization pattern. These refertilized layers are due to the stacked horizontal layering pattern of melt pooling beneath the freezing front. If the recrystallized melt is incorporated into the lithosphere as mafic lenses, the predicted seismic velocity is compatible with observations.
Clustering the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation Using Global Satellite Data
Authors: Chen Penghan , Chen Aifang , Yin Shuiqing , Li Yuxin , Liu Junguo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP) is a fundamental component of the precipitation cycles across various temporal scales. However, the absence of a comprehensive and intuitive clustering description of the DCP, including precipitation amount, frequency, intensity, and seasonality on the global scale, has impeded understanding of climate impacts on society. This study investigates the diurnal cycle and its seasonal differences in global precipitation using hierarchical clustering and high‐resolution satellite precipitation data. Results indicate that regions with coastal and topographic complexity exhibit intricate clustering patterns globally. Significant inter‐cluster differences suggest that the precipitation amount and frequency have stronger diurnal cycles than that of the precipitation intensity. Seasonal cluster transitions indicate that the global DCP exhibits significant seasonal differences. This study provides multiple sets of information‐rich and user‐friendly maps of the DCP, enhancing research on sub‐daily precipitation mechanisms and their climatic impacts.
Kinematic Inversion of Aseismic Fault Slip During the Nucleation of Laboratory Earthquakes
Authors: Dublanchet P. , Passelègue F. X. , Chauris H. , Gesret A. , Twardzik C. , Nöel C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDecades of geophysical monitoring have revealed the importance of slow aseismic fault slip in the release of tectonic energy. Although significant progress have been made in imaging aseismic slip on natural faults, many questions remain concerning its physical control. Here we present an attempt to study the evolution of aseismic slip in the controlled environment of the laboratory. We develop a kinematic inversion method, to image slip during the nucleation phase of a dynamic rupture within a saw‐cut sample loaded in a tri‐axial cell. We use the measurements from a strain gauge array placed in the vicinity of the fault, and the observed shortening of the sample, to invert the fault slip distribution in space and time. The inversion approach relies both on a deterministic optimization step followed by a Bayesian analysis. The Bayesian inversion is initiated with the best model reached by the deterministic step, and allows to quantify the uncertainties on the inferred slip history. We show that the nucleation consists of quasi‐static aseismic slip event expanding along the fault at a speed of the order of 200 m., before degenerating into a dynamic rupture. The total amount of aseismic slip accumulated during this nucleation phase reaches m locally, about 8%–15 % of the coseismic slip. The resolution of the method is evaluated, indicating that the main limitation is related to the impossibility of measuring strain inside the rock sample. The results obtained however show that the method could improve our understanding of earthquake nucleation.
From Orogeny to Rifting: The Role of Inherited Structures During the Formation of the South China Sea
Authors: Li Kai , Brune Sascha , Erdős Zoltán , Neuharth Derek , Mohn Geoffroy , Glerum Anne 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMany of the world's rifts and rifted margins have developed within former orogens. The South China Sea (SCS) formed during Cenozoic rifting by utilizing pre‐existing orogenic structures, like thrust faults, thickened crust, and corresponding thermal weaknesses. The mechanisms explaining how inherited structures influence the spatiotemporal evolution of a rift remain a topic of on‐going research. Here, we explore the impact of orogenic inheritance on rift evolution through a numerical forward model that reproduces geodynamic and landscape evolution processes. By imposing time‐dependent phases of shortening and extension, we model rifted margin formation that is consistent with the available geological and geophysical observations of the SCS. Our numerical models allow us to identify thrust faults that are reactivated as normal faults during extensional phases. Not all pre‐existing thrust faults, however, undergo full reactivation, as their behavior is influenced by variations in lithospheric strength and the pre‐existing structural discontinuities. We further show that inherited orogenic structures compete with each other during extensional reactivation and ultimately govern the location of continental breakup. Our results provide valuable insights into the broader implications of inherited orogenic structures and how they affect subsequent rift system evolution.
Thermo‐Mechanical Effects of Microcontinent Collision on Ocean‐Continent Subduction System
Authors: Regorda Alessandro , Roda Manuel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicrocontinents are globally recognized as continental regions partially or entirely surrounded by oceanic lithosphere. Due to their positioning, they may become entangled in subduction zones and undergo either accretion or subduction. High‐pressure metamorphism in subducted continental rocks supports the idea that microcontinents can be subducted, regardless of their low densities. In this study, we used 2D numerical models to simulate collision of microcontinents with different lengths located at various distances from the upper plate in a subduction system characterized by different convergence velocities, in order to examine their effects on the thermo‐mechanical evolution of subduction systems. Specifically, we analyzed the conditions that favor subduction or accretion of microcontinents and investigated how their presence affects the thermal state within the mantle wedge. Our results reveal that the presence of microcontinents can lead to four styles of subduction: (a) continuous subduction; (b) continuous subduction with jump of the subduction channel; (c) interruption and reinitiation of the subduction; (d) continental collision. We discovered that longer microcontinents and higher velocities of the subducting plate contrast a continuous subduction favoring accretion, whereas farther initial locations from the upper plate and higher velocities of the upper plate favor the subduction of the microcontinent. In addition, we observed that the subduction style has direct effects on the thermal state, with important implications for the potential metamorphic conditions recorded by the subducted continental rocks. In particular, models characterized by parameters that favor the subduction of a larger amount of continental material from the microcontinent exhibit warm mantle wedges.
The Iron Spin Transitions in Hydrous Fe3+‐Bearing Bridgmanite and Its Geophysical Properties in the Lower Mantle
Authors: Jiang Jiajun , Muir Joshua M. R. , Zhang Feiwu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrous Fe3+‐bearing bridgmanite (Bdg) is potentially a critical water host in the lowermost mantle. The spin transition behaviors of such materials are pivotal for understanding geophysical heterogeneity in the deep Earth but are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the spin transition and related geophysical properties of Fe3+ with associated H defects [Fe3+‐H] at high P‐T conditions using first‐principles simulations. Our calculations predict that the presence of hydrogen reduces the onset pressure of the spin transition of Fe3+ in Bdg, leading to higher fractions of low spin Fe3+. Along standard geotherms, spin transition is predicted to remain incomplete even at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB), and lateral temperature variations would significantly affect the proportions of high and low spin Fe and related properties like elasticity. The thermoelastic property of hydrous Fe3+‐bearing bridgmanite exhibit stronger softening anomalies at the lower mantle conditions compared to dry system, which potentially enhancing the seismic detectability of the hydrous Bdg in the deep earth. Density profile of hydrous Fe3+‐bearing bridgmanite indicates that the [Fe3+‐H] defect modestly increases the system's density, but much less than that caused by incorporating an equivalent amount of iron alone. This is crucial for understanding regions like Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs), which exhibits large velocity drops but only minor density changes. The co‐adsorption of Fe and H allows for the introduction of Fe to induce velocity drops without the concomitant sharp increase in density, as pure iron would, thus enabling Fe‐H enrichment as a potential source of LLSVPs.
Theoretical Solution Linking Channel Width and Pool‐Riffle Bed Level Perturbations
Authors: Lei Yunlong , Viparelli Enrica , Hassan Marwan A. , Chartrand Shawn M. , An Chenge , Fu Xudong , Hu Chunhong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGravel bed rivers often display pool‐riffle morphology. Downstream changes in channel width are often correlated with pool‐riffle topography. Considering self‐formed, alluvial, straight and single‐thread gravel‐bed rivers, here we provide an analytical solution for their equilibrium pool‐riffle morphology in the presence of spatially varying widths. Our analytical model, based on mass and energy conservation for water flow, shows how bed level perturbations are closely linked to downstream width variations under the influence of water discharge. The analytical model is validated against experimental data and applied to reconstruct the natural pool‐riffle bed profile. The validated model shows how increasing water discharge (i.e., water depth and flow velocity) enhances the amplitude of pool‐riffle sequences. The proposed model can provide valuable guidance for river restoration projects.
Impacts of Post‐Fire Debris Flows on Fluvial Morphology and Sediment Transport in a California Central Coast Stream
Authors: Olsen Telemak , Pfeiffer Allison M. , Finnegan Noah J. , Li Chuxuan , Horton Daniel E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPost‐fire debris flows alter impacted fluvial systems, but few studies quantify the magnitude and timing of reach‐scale channel response to these events. In August 2020, the Big Creek watershed along California's central coast burned in the Dolan Fire; in January 2021, an atmospheric river event triggered post‐fire debris flows in steep tributaries to the Big Creek. Here, we characterize the evolution of fluvial morphology and grain size in Big Creek, a cascade and step‐pool channel downstream of tributaries in which post‐fire debris flows initiated, using pre‐ and post‐fire structure from motion (SfM) and airborne lidar surveys. We also make comparisons to Devil's Creek, an adjacent basin which burned but did not experience post‐fire debris flows. We observe grain size fining following debris flows in Big Creek, but the coarsest 40% of the grain size distribution remained essentially unchanged despite reorganization of channel structure. Changes in grain size and elevated post‐fire peak flows account for approximately equal portions of a substantial increase in modeled bedload transport capacity one year post‐fire. In Big Creek, geomorphic recovery is well underway just two years post‐fire. A valley‐spanning log jam, which formed during debris flows, acts as a sediment trap upstream of our Big Creek study reach, and is partially responsible for accelerating recovery processes. In contrast, Devil's Creek exhibited little change in morphology or grain size despite elevated post‐fire peak flows. This period of geomorphic dynamism following the Dolan Fire has complex ecological impacts, notably for the threatened anadromous salmonid spawning habitat in Big Creek.
Longitudinal and Seasonal Changes of Organic Matter Sources Through a Semi‐Arid River‐Reservoir System
Authors: Yoder A. M. , Baldwin A. , Marvin‐DiPasquale M. , Poulin B. A. , Naymik J. , Krabbenhoft D. P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe quality and quantity of organic matter (OM) in a river system directly affects ecosystem health; thus, managers benefit from an in‐depth understanding of the drivers and sources of OM. In the Snake River, a highly altered river‐reservoir system in the semi‐arid western United States, OM production and loading are key drivers of reservoir anoxia, which leads to several deleterious processes such as mercury methylation. However, sources and quantities of OM to the Snake River, and the effects of impoundment on OM moving through the river‐reservoir system, are not well understood. Particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate nitrogen (PN), chlorophyll a (chl‐a), and δ15N–PN and δ13C–POC isotopic ratios were measured bi‐weekly for over 2 years at four locations through the Snake River Hells Canyon Reservoir Complex to determine spatial and temporal patterns of OM quantities and sources. POC concentrations increased through the riverine zone upstream of the reservoirs, likely due to in situ primary production and/or inputs from tributaries and agricultural drains; then decreased through the most upstream reservoir likely due to particle settling. Isotopic ratios and other OM source indicators (δ15N–PN, δ13C–POC, POC:PN, chl‐a:POC) show that the dominant source of particulate OM was phytoplankton with seasonal terrestrial/macrophytic inputs. Results highlight the effects of major tributary and agricultural drain inputs, primary production, and impoundment on OM composition and concentration through a large river‐reservoir system and may inform water quality management efforts in this and similar systems.