bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older sibling contribution to younger children's working memory and cognitive flexibility
Authors: Hill Tatiana Yasmeen , Palacios Natalia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe used structural equation modeling in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort (N = 17,020) to explore the influence of having an older sibling on kindergarten‐age focal children's cognitive self‐regulation. In model 1, we tested how having a sibling who is generally older than the focal child contributes to the focal child's working memory (WM) and cognitive flexibility (CF) upon entering kindergarten. In model 2, we assessed the contribution to the focal child's kindergarten WM and CF of having an older sibling in a non‐proximal age range (age 12–18) or not having siblings relative to having an older sibling in a proximal age range to the focal child (up to age 11). In model 3, we considered the contribution of having an older sister, an older brother, or both an older sister and an older brother of any age. Having an older sibling in general was associated with increased kindergarten WM, whereas having an older sister was related to increased WM and CF. Compared to having a proximal older sibling, having no siblings and having a non‐proximal older sibling were related to decreased WM and CF. Findings have implications for involving siblings in family interventions in early childhood.
Disseminated toxoplasmosis associated with hemophagocytic syndrome after kidney transplantation: A case report and review
Authors: Gay Juliette , Gendron Nicolas , Verney Charles , Joste Valentin , Dardé Marie‐Laure , Loheac Charlotte , Vrtovsnik François , Argy Nicolas , Houze Sandrine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDisseminated toxoplasmosis is infrequent after kidney transplant transmission but life‐threatening because of a lack of diagnostic suspicion as well as specific chemoprophylaxis recommendations. Solid organ transplantation has resulted in few cases of disseminated toxoplasmosis presenting with associated hemophagocytic syndrome. Herein, we report, within the context of a donor/receiver mismatch, a case of a toxoplasmosis associated with hemophagocytic syndrome in a kidney transplant recipient. Molecular and serological investigations confirmed Toxoplasma gondii transmission through the kidney graft.
A novel protocol for cryopreservation of paediatric red blood cell units allows increased availability of rare blood types
Authors: Larsson Linda , Larsson Stella , Derving Julia , Watz Emma , Uhlin Michael 
Published: August 2019

Background and objectivesThere is a growing concern for shortage in future blood supply, caused by a predicted decrease in eligible blood donors and simultaneous increase in recipients. Cryopreservation of split red blood cell units could increase stock supply by reducing waste of rare blood. This would be particularly useful in paediatric care where very small volumes often are transfused. The aim of this study was to develop a cryopreservation protocol for split units using the closed‐system automated cell processor ACP215, as such protocols are currently missing.Materials and methodsUsing a pool‐and‐split design, red blood cell units (N = 8) were glycerolized and frozen, either as standard volume reference units, or further divided into three smaller split units each. After thawing/deglycerolization, the supernatant of the smaller splits was reduced by additional centrifugation, and new SAGM was added to 60% haematocrit. The units were analysed for storage lesion effects up to ten days post‐thawing.ResultsHaemolysis and extracellular potassium ion levels were lower in the split units than in the whole units from day three onwards. The metabolic parameters pH, ATP, glucose and lactate were also lower, though likely caused by lower additive solution pH rather than storage.ConclusionSplit units of red blood cells can be successfully cryopreserved using the ACP215. In addition to favourably low haemolysis and potassium, they also have higher haematocrit than corresponding whole units and enable involvement of fewer donors at repeated transfusions. These characteristics are all desirable features in paediatric care.
The use of prehospital blood products in the resuscitation of trauma patients: a review of prehospital transfusion practices and a description of our regional whole blood program in San Antonio, TX
Authors: Pokorny Douglas M. , Braverman Maxwell A. , Edmundson Philip M. , Bittenbinder David M. , Zhu Caroline S. , Winckler Christopher J. , Schaefer Randall , McGinity Ashley C. , Epley Eric , Eastridge Brian J. , Nicholson Susannah E. , Stewart Ronald M. , Jenkins Donald H. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundPrehospital management of the traumatically injured patient has evolved significantly since the organization of emergency medical services across the United States in the 1970s. Initially focusing on the utilization of crystalloid solutions to restore shed blood volume, robust military and civilian trauma experiences led to a modern day shift towards balanced blood component and ultimately whole blood use for immediate volume replacement. In addition, prehospital transfusion or remote damage control resuscitation (RDRC) has been widely adopted. This has led to point of injury resuscitation using blood products both in the United States and abroad.ObjectivesThis article will review the evolution of civilian and military prehospital resuscitation as well as the current practice of prehospital whole blood transfusion in the civilian trauma population in the United States. Additionally, we will provide an overview of our regional trauma system's use of whole blood with focus on the programme infrastructure, donor programme, product rotation schedule and logistical challenges. Finally, we provide three case report examples of the effective use of whole blood in our civilian emergency medical services (EMS) programs.
Birational geometry of the moduli space of quartic surfaces
Authors: Laza Radu , O’Grady Kieran 
Published: August 2019

By work of Looijenga and others, one understands the relationship between Geometric Invariant Theory (GIT) and Baily–Borel compactifications for the moduli spaces of degree-$2$ $K3$surfaces, cubic fourfolds, and a few other related examples. The similar-looking cases of degree-$4$ $K3$surfaces and double Eisenbud–Popescu–Walter (EPW) sextics turn out to be much more complicated for arithmetic reasons. In this paper, we refine work of Looijenga in order to handle these cases. Specifically, in analogy with the so-called Hassett–Keel program for the moduli space of curves, we study the variation of log canonical models for locally symmetric varieties of Type IV associated to$D$-lattices. In particular, for the$19$-dimensional case, we conjecturally obtain a continuous one-parameter interpolation between the GIT and Baily–Borel compactifications for the moduli of degree-$4$ $K3$surfaces. The analogous$18$-dimensional case, which corresponds to hyperelliptic degree-$4$ $K3$surfaces, can be verified by means of Variation of Geometric Invariant Theory (VGIT) quotients.
Mechanisms underlying the influence of oestrogen on cardiovascular physiology in women
Authors: Novella Susana , Pérez‐Cremades Daniel , Mompeón Ana , Hermenegildo Carlos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWomen show a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases than age‐matched men, but this benefit disappears after menopause. Oestrogen‐mediated vascular actions are mainly attributed to oestradiol and exerted by oestrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ and G protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor), through rapid and/or genomic mechanisms, but these effects depend on ageing and inflammation. A cardiovascular approach in women's health has arisen due to controversy regarding oestrogen's beneficial impact as reported in experimental and observational studies and large randomized trials. These can be explained, in part, by two mutually non‐exclusive hypotheses. On the one hand, the timing hypothesis, which states that oestrogen‐mediated benefits occur before the detrimental effects of ageing are established in the vasculature; on the other hand, ageing and/or hormonal‐associated changes in ER expression that could lead to a deleterious imbalance in favour of ERβ over ERα, generally associated with higher inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. In experimental studies, oestradiol acting on ERα promotes the release of vasoactive compounds such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, and shifts the angiotensin axis towards angiotensin 1–7 production. Mechanisms underlying oestradiol vascular function also include anti‐inflammatory and epigenetic modifications. 17β‐Oestradiol changes the transcriptomic profile of endothelial cells, and the involvement of miRNA in the regulatory pathways of vascular function reinforces assumptions regarding the vascular actions of oestrogen. Thus, the present Symposium Review aims to postulate the role of ERα in oestrogen modulation of endothelium‐derived mediators and vascular physiology, as well as its relationship with miRNA and inflammation, and elucidate how physiological changes in postmenopausal women counteract the observed effects.
image
Size-Independent Mechanical Response of Ultrathin Carbon Nanotube Films in Mesoscopic Distinct Element Method Simulations
Authors: Ostanin Igor , Dumitrică Traian , Eibl Sebastian , Rüde Ulrich 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work, we present a computational study of the small strain mechanics of freestanding ultrathin carbon nanotube (CNT) films under in-plane loading. The numerical modeling of the mechanics of representatively large specimens with realistic micro- and nanostructure is presented. Our simulations utilize the scalable implementation of the mesoscopic distinct element method of the waLBerla multi-physics framework. Within our modeling approach, CNTs are represented as chains of interacting rigid segments. Neighboring segments in the chain are connected with elastic bonds, resolving tension, bending, shear, and torsional deformations. These bonds represent a covalent bonding within the CNT surface and utilize enhanced vector model (EVM) formalism. Segments of the neighboring CNTs interact with realistic coarse-grained anisotropic van der Waals potential, enabling a relative slip of CNTs in contact. The advanced simulation technique allowed us to gain useful insights on the behavior of CNT materials. It was established that the energy dissipation during CNT sliding leads to extended load transfer that conditions size-independent, material-like mechanical response of the weakly bonded assemblies of CNTs.
A Bird-Inspired Perching Landing Gear System1
Authors: Nadan Paul M. , Anthony Tatiana M. , Michael Duncan M. , Pflueger Jeffrey B. , Sethi Manik S. , Shimazu Kelli N. , Tieu Mindy , Lee Christopher L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The design, modeling, simulation, and testing of a landing gear system that enables a UAV to perch on an object or surface is presented here. The working principle of the landing gear is inspired by the anatomy of birds that grasp and perch as tendons in their legs and feet are tensioned. In a similar fashion, as the UAV sets down on a structure, its weight tensions a cable which actuates opposing, flexible, multi-segment feet to enclose the target. To analyze the grasping capability of the design, a hybrid empirical–computational model is developed that can be used to simulate the kinematics of the system as it grasps objects of various cross-sectional shapes and sizes. The model relates the curvature of the feet to the displacement and tension of the cable tendon. These quantities are then related to the weight of the UAV through the leg geometry. It also evaluates enclosure and calculates contact forces to quantitatively characterize the grasp. Results demonstrate how the model can be used by designers to determine how a UAV can perch upon a structure of a given shape and size. If perched, the minimum weight required to maintain its position is calculated. A prototype system was fabricated, analyzed, and tested on a radio-controlled hexacopter. Experiments show that the landing gear enables the hexacopter to land, perch, and takeoff from a variety of objects. Finally, we begin to investigate the scalability of the concept with a smaller, lighter design.
Deep Learning of Variant Geometry in Layerwise Imaging Profiles for Additive Manufacturing Quality Control
Authors: Imani Farhad , Chen Ruimin , Diewald Evan , Reutzel Edward , Yang Hui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a new paradigm in design-driven build of customized products. Nonetheless, mass customization and low-volume production make the AM quality assurance extremely challenging. Advanced imaging provides an unprecedented opportunity to increase information visibility, cope with the product complexity, and enable on-the-fly quality control in AM. However, in situ images of a customized AM build show a high level of layer-to-layer geometry variation, which hampers the use of powerful image-based learning methods such as deep neural networks (DNNs) for flaw detection. Very little has been done on deep learning of variant geometry for image-guided process monitoring and control. The proposed research is aimed at filling this gap by developing a novel machine learning approach that is focused on variant geometry in each layer of the AM build, namely region of interests, for the characterization and detection of layerwise flaws. Specifically, we leverage the computer-aided design (CAD) file to perform shape-to-image registration and to delineate the regions of interest in layerwise images. Next, a hierarchical dyadic partitioning methodology is developed to split layer-to-layer regions of interest into subregions with the same number of pixels to provide freeform geometry analysis. Then, we propose a semiparametric model to characterize the complex spatial patterns in each customized subregion and boost the computational speed. Finally, a DNN model is designed to learn variant geometry in layerwise imaging profiles and detect fine-grained information of flaws. Experimental results show that the proposed deep learning methodology is highly effective to detect flaws in each layer with an accuracy of 92.50 ± 1.03%. This provides a significant opportunity to reduce interlayer variation in AM prior to completion of a build. The proposed methodology can also be generally applicable in a variety of engineering and medical domains that entail customized design, variant geometry, and image-guided process control.
Water Hammer Causes Water Main Breaks
Authors: Leishear Robert A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Most underground water main breaks can be stopped, since the technology is now available to evaluate water system piping failures and determine corrective actions. The problem is defined in terms of several variables: (1) Water hammer is the initiator of nearly all underground water main breaks. (2) In nonacidic soils, fatigue directly causes piping cracks. (3) In acidic soils, water hammer cracks the pipes, and crevice corrosion is accelerated at those crack sites. Additionally, those cracks serve as moisture sources to induce piping surface corrosion due to galvanic corrosion between the soil and the metallic pipe wall. Even so, some failures are solely due to corrosion. (4) Dynamic pipe stresses are significantly larger than stresses caused by static loading, i.e., hoop stresses and strains may be as much as four times the calculated static stress due to water hammer. (5) If dynamic stresses are not considered, calculations incorrectly conclude that water mains will not be damaged. (6) That is, water hammer calculations determine pressure surge magnitudes that are multiples of the operating pressures, where dynamic effects cause fatigue cracks due to the applied pressures and the number of cycles for those pressures to break water mains.
Experimental Investigation of Thermohydraulic Performance of the Solar Air Heater Having Arc-Shaped Ribs With Multiple Gaps
Authors: Jain Sheetal Kumar , Agrawal Ghanshyam Das , Misra Rohit 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the present research, the thermohydraulic performance of a solar air heater having artificial roughness in the form of arc-shaped ribs with multiple gaps has been investigated experimentally and compared with that of a solar air heater having smooth absorber plate. The performance has been investigated in terms of enhancement in the Nusselt number and friction factor. Results of the present work have also been compared with previously published work. Reynolds number and arc angle (α) were varied from 3000 to 18,000 and 30 deg to 75 deg, respectively. Present roughness results in a higher rate of heat transfer from the absorber surface to air, but it also imposes a penalty in terms of the increased friction factor. Maximum enhancement in Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermohydraulic performance parameter for the roughened absorber surface is found to be 3.74, 2.69, and 2.75 times that of the smooth plate, respectively. Correlations of heat transfer and friction factor for proposed roughness have also been developed.
Combined Effects of Fluid Yield Stress and Geometrical Arrangement on Natural Convection in a Square Duct From Two Differentially Heated Horizontal Cylinders
Authors: Mishra Lubhani , Chhabra R. P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Laminar natural convection in Bingham plastic fluids has been investigated from two differentially heated cylinders arranged either one above the other or along the diagonal of the square enclosure. The coupled momentum and energy equations have been solved to elucidate the effect of Rayleigh number (104–106), Prandtl number (10–100), Bingham number (0.01 to Bnmax), and the gap between the two cylinders in terms of the geometric parameters (0 to −0.25 for vertical alignment and 0.15 to 0.35 for diagonal alignment) on the detailed structure of the flow field and the overall heat transfer characteristics of the system. New extensive results are visualized in terms of streamlines, isotherm contours, and variation of the local Nusselt number along various surfaces. Additional insights are developed by examining the shear-rate contours and the yield surfaces delineating the fluid-like and solid-like regions in the flow domain. At high values of the Bingham number, the average Nusselt number reaches its asymptotic value corresponding to the conduction limit. The increasing Rayleigh number promotes fluid-like behavior which promotes heat transfer. The augmentation in heat transfer depends on the volume of fluid participating in the buoyancy-induced flow. For the vertical arrangement, the average Nusselt number (for the heated cylinder) decreases a little as these are moved slightly away from the center of the enclosure, followed by an increase as the two cylinders approach one of the sidewalls; this is so even in the conduction limit. In contrast, when the two cylinders are arranged along the diagonal, the Nusselt number progressively decreases as the gap between the two cylinders increases. Finally, predictive correlations have been developed for the average Nusselt number and the limiting Bingham number thereby enabling their estimation in a new application.
Thin Gas Film Isothermal Condensation in Aerodynamic Bearings
Authors: Guenat Eliott , Schiffmann Jürg 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
High-speed small-scale turbomachinery for waste heat recovery and vapor compression cycles is typically supported on gas-lubricated bearings operating close to the saturation conditions of the lubricant. Under particular conditions, the gas film might locally reach the saturation pressure with potentially hazardous effects on the performance of the gas bearing. The present work introduces a model based on the Reynolds equation and the development of cavitation modeling in liquid-lubricated bearings for condensing gas bearings. The effect of condensation on load capacity and pressure and density profiles is investigated for two one-dimensional bearing geometries (parabolic and Rayleigh step) and varying operating conditions. The results suggest that the load capacity is generally negatively affected if condensation occurs. An experimental setup consisting of a Rayleigh-step gas journal bearing with pressure taps to measure the local fluid film pressure is presented and operated in R245fa in near-saturated conditions. The comparison between the evolution of the fluid film pressure under perfect gas and near saturation conditions clearly suggests the occurrence of condensation in the fluid film. These results are corroborated by the very good agreement with the model prediction.
Effect of monitor positioning on visual attention and situation awareness during neonatal resuscitation: a randomised simulation study
Authors: Law Brenda Hiu Yan , Cheung Po-Yin , van Os Sylvia , Fray Caroline , Schmölzer Georg M 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo compare situation awareness (SA), visual attention (VA) and protocol adherence in simulated neonatal resuscitations using two different monitor positions.DesignRandomised controlled simulation study.SettingsSimulation lab at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Canada.ParticipantsHealthcare providers (HCPs) with Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) certification within the last 2 years and trained in neonatal endotracheal intubations.InterventionHCPs were randomised to either central (eye-level on the radiant warmer) or peripheral (above eye-level, wall-mounted) monitor positions. Each led a complex resuscitation with a high-fidelity mannequin and a standardised assistant. To measure SA, situation awareness global assessment tool (SAGAT) was used, where simulations were paused at three predetermined points, with five questions asked each pause. Videos were analysed for SAGAT and adherence to a NRP checklist. Eye-tracking glasses recorded participants’ VA.Main outcome measureThe main outcome was SA as measured by composite SAGAT score. Secondary outcomes included VA and adherence to NRP checklist.ResultsThirty simulations were performed; 29 were completed per protocol and analysed. Twenty-two eye-tracking recordings were of sufficient quality and analysed. Median composite SAGAT was 11.5/15 central versus 11/15 peripheral, p=0.56. Checklist scores 46/50 central versus 46/50 peripheral, p=0.75. Most VA was directed at the mannequin (30.6% central vs 34.1% peripheral, p=0.76), and the monitor (28.7% central vs 20.5% peripheral, p=0.06).ConclusionsSimulation, SAGAT and eye-tracking can be used to evaluate human factors of neonatal resuscitation. During simulated neonatal resuscitation, monitor position did not affect SA, VA or protocol adherence.
Close encounters of the US kind: illness and injury among US athletes at the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games
Authors: Nabhan Dustin , Windt Johann , Taylor David , Moreau William 
Published: August 2019

Aim
To describe injury and illness incidence during the 2018 Winter Olympic Games (WOG) by Team USA.

Methods
A descriptive observational study. We used registered Team USA Olympic athletes’ electronic medical records to review preparticipation health histories and medical encounters immediately prior to and throughout the 2018 WOG. Medical encounters were defined as all medical services provided by a healthcare provider, including evaluation, treatment and prophylactic services. All medical conditions were described according to International Olympic Committee injury and illness reporting criteria.

Results
Team USA included 134 men and 108 women, aged 18–39 years, who represented 17 sport federations. The 47 Team USA medical staff documented 1744 medical encounters on 242 registered athletes (7.2 medical encounters per athlete). Forty-seven illnesses (194.2/1000 athletes) and 32 time loss injuries (132.2/1000 athletes) were recorded during the Games.

Conclusions
An injury surveillance programme consisting of an electronic preparticipation health history and surveillance of medical encounters during the WOG was used to describe the health status of Team USA. We noted limitations to the surveillance process that can be addressed at future events.