bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CK1δ/e-mediated TDP-43 phosphorylation contributes to early motor neuron disease toxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ko Vivian I. , Ong Kailee , Kwon Deborah Y. , Li Xueying , Pietrasiewicz Alicia , Harvey James S. , Lulla Mukesh , Bhat Guruharsha , Cleveland Don W. , Ravits John M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Hyperphosphorylated TDP-43 aggregates in the cytoplasm of motor neurons is a neuropathological signature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These aggregates have been proposed to possess a toxic disease driving role in ALS pathogenesis and progression, however, the contribution of phosphorylation to TDP-43 aggregation and ALS disease mechanisms remains poorly understood. We’ve previously shown that CK1δ and CK1ε phosphorylate TDP-43 at disease relevant sites, and that genetic reduction and chemical inhibition could reduce phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) levels in cellular models. In this study, we advanced our findings into the hTDP-43-ΔNLS in vivo mouse model of ALS and TDP-43 proteinopathy. This mouse model possesses robust disease-relevant features of ALS, including TDP-43 nuclear depletion, cytoplasmic pTDP-43 accumulation, motor behavior deficits, and shortened survival. We tested the effect of homozygous genetic deletion of Csnk1e in the hTDP-43-ΔNLS mouse model and observed a delay in the formation of pTDP-43 without significant ultimate rescue of TDP-43 proteinopathy or disease progression. Homozygous genetic deletion of Csnk1d is lethal in mice, and we were unable to test the role of CK1δ alone. We then targeted both CK1δ and CK1ε kinases by way of CK1δ/ε-selective PF-05236216 inhibitor in the hTDP-43-ΔNLS mouse model, reasoning that inhibiting CK1ε alone would be insufficient as shown by our Csnk1e knockout mouse model study. Treated mice demonstrated reduced TDP-43 phosphorylation, lowered Nf-L levels, and improved survival in the intermediate stages. The soluble TDP-43 may have been more amenable to the inhibitor treatment than insoluble TDP-43. However, the treatments did not result in improved functional measurements or in overall survival. Our results demonstrate that phosphorylation contributes to neuronal toxicity and suggest CK1δ/ε inhibition in combination with other therapies targeting TDP-43 pathology could potentially provide therapeutic benefit in ALS.
Research on brain network analysis under auditory Oddball paradigm
Authors: duan fang , yan jiale , che yan , chen hui , yan zheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Researches suggest that the auditory brain network exhibits a lateral organization. In this study, 93 adults were recruited to examine the phenomena by analyzing the EEG data collected under the auditory Oddball paradigm. The brain networks were estimated using weighted phase lag index (WPLI) to study the connectivity tendency between brain regions by extracting the connection strength. The auditory network was the focused of our study. We found that better integration of brain connections was located in the right auditory cortex via the alpha band brain networks, and these connections facilitated more efficient communications with other regions. Most of the lateralization was driven by the differences of interactions between the left and right hemispheres. To a large extent, we assumed that the brain processes relatively complex auditory information and the high level of connectivity in the right auditory cortex. These results indicate that lateralization of functional connections in our brain was more evident when processing complex auditory information.
Seasonality in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Other Autoimmune Diseases Based on Severity of Immunity: Elucidating the Etiology with 40 years of Analysis
Authors: OZEN Gulsum , ZANFARDINO Angela , OZEN Gulsah , ACAN Burak , TINTO Nadia , IAFUSCO Fernanda , GIUDICE Emanuele Miraglia DEL , AYCAN Zehra , IAFUSCO Dario 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Some studies discuss the seasonality of T1DM, none of them evaluate this relationship based on the severity of immune response.We aimed to elucidate the role of the severity of autoimmunity and environmental factors in the etiology of DM.
Methods: The study population includes 2954 patients diagnosed with T1DM between 1981-2022. We evaluated the seasonal incidence of T1DM and other common autoimmune diseases according to age of diagnosis.
Results: The majority of patients with only DM were born in spring-summer season. However, this relationship was found only in patients were diagnosed after 3 years of age. While the diagnose season did not differ in patients diagnosed with DM at an early age, the patients diagnosed at older ages were mostly diagnosed in the autumn-winter season. As the number of co-existing autoimmune diseases increased and the age at the diagnosis decreased, seasonality relationship weakened, inversely related to the severity of the immune response.
Conclusion: This study showed that while the onset of disease at an early age and the presence of multiple autoimmune diseases are associated with strong immunity, environmental factors seem to be less effective than genetic factors in the etiology of T1DM. The presence of seasonality in patients over 3 years of age that lacked before this age or the lack of seasonality in patients with other autoimmune diseases associated with diabetes shows the extreme heterogeneity of T1DM pathogenesis. If in the future it will be possible to act with preventive interventions, this has to be taken into account.
Game-related Behavior among Adolescents and its Association with Psychological Distress
Authors: Amran Muhammad Syawal , Roslan Muhammad Zaheerul , Sommer Werner , Surat Shahlan , Kutty Faridah Mydin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The use of games for reducing stress or as a form of entertainment has risen over the past decade especially due to their capabilities to be played on various devices and the rapid growth of the gaming industry. However, prolonged engagement with games could potentially lead to negative psychological health impacts. With the present research, we aimed to shed light on the relationship between game addiction and psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) among adolescents. A total of 829 participants (mean age = 18.398 ± 0.509) completed a set of questionnaires consisting of the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents (GAS-21) and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The findings reveal that 20.6% of males in the study exhibit problematic levels of game addiction while it was only 8.1% for the female adolescents in the study. Furthermore, adolescents who spent more than 7 hours of screen time daily (14.0%) were more likely to have problematic levels of game addiction compared to their counterparts who spent less screen time usage. The study showed positive correlations between game addiction with depression (r = 0.186), anxiety (r = 0.142), and stress (r = 0.149). Additionally, depression was found to be statistically significant as a predictor for game addiction (\(\:{R}^{2}\) = 0.036). These findings indicate that adolescents classified as having a gaming disorder not only exhibit characteristics of game-related behavior but may be psychologically vulnerable and need support from the social environment.
Genetic Variability and Associations among Yield and Yield Related Traits of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Genotypes in North Wollo, Ethiopia
Authors: Wudu Eshetie , Mekonnen Fikru 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Tef is one of the most important crops widely cultivated throughout Ethiopia as a staple cereal crop. Assessment of genetic variability in crop species is one of the major activities of plant breeding which helps to design breeding methods to meet diversified goals. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to determine the extent of genetic variability and associations among yield and yield related traits of tef. A total of sixty-four tef genotypes were evaluated for 15 traits using simple lattice design at Sirinka in the 2022 cropping season. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p<0.01) and significant (p<0.05) differences among genotypes at Sirinka. Lodging index showed the highest phenotypic coefficients of variation (30.1%). Grain yield, biomass and harvest index showed moderate (10-20%) phenotypic coefficients of variation. Moderate (10-20%) genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for the number of spikelets per panicle (10.3%), grain yield (12.3), harvest index (14.1%) and lodging index (17.9%). Panicle length (74) and culm length (68.9) showed that highest heritability. Moderate heritability value coupled with moderate genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was noted for number of spikelets per panicle, above-ground biomass, grain yield and peduncle length. Both at genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients showed a positive association of grain yield with number of spikelets per panicle, plant height and harvest index.
Computational Design of Potent gp120 Receptor Antagonists via Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations and the gp120-CD4 Interaction
Authors: Sheikholeslami Mahsa , Sirous Hajar , Fassihi Afshin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The gp120 receptor, a surface receptor of the HIV virus, is one of the key targets for designing drugs that inhibit the viral entry into the host cells. This study aims to design powerful drug-amino acid hybrids by utilizing existing gp120 inhibitors available on the market and the natural ligand of this molecule on host lymphocytes, CD4. Using docking and molecular dynamics simulations, the best candidates for future studies are proposed. In this study, drug-amino acid hybrids were designed by identifying the amino acids involved in the viral binding to its natural receptor in the host body. The chemically feasible connection sites to the inhibitory molecule of the receptor were identified and used for conjugation with amino acids. Virtual screening and molecular docking were used to identify in silico the strongest drug-amino acid hybrids. The pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeness parameters of the selected hybrids were also assessed. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to evaluate the stability of the hybrid gp120 complex. Virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and in silico evaluations of pharmacokinetic features led to four drug-amino acid hybrids derived from Temsavir. Two of them showed suitable pharmacodynamic properties and stability in binding to the receptor compared with Temsavir. The results of this study may facilitate future research for the development and rational design of new gp120 receptor inhibitors.
An Inverter Nonlinearity Identification Method Based on Physics-Informed Network for Different Working Conditions
Authors: Lu Jiayi , Sun Wei , Jiang Dong , Li Dawei , Qu Ronghai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The compensation of inverter nonlinearity effects (INE) can significantly mitigate current distortion, motor vibration, and losses within the motor. In industrial applications, compensation voltages derived from the INE model, as well as offline identification methods and online INE observers, are commonly employed. However, the INE model often lacks precision due to the difficulty in obtaining various inverter parameters. Offline identification is time-consuming, as it necessitates determining the compensation values under a range of working conditions, including varying DC bus voltages, dead times, and switching frequencies. Online identification methods tend to be complex because they require the integration of additional identification components into the control system. In this paper, a physics-informed network is proposed to identify the INE compensation value in different working conditions, and an INE model is proposed to provide physics information. This approach aims to reduce identification time and circumvent the complexities associated with traditional control system calculations. The proposed network requires only experimental data of two working conditions from offline identification experiments of and can accurately predict compensation voltages for 45 working conditions. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Spatial Imaging Unlocks the Potential of Charting Multiple Myeloma and Extramedullary Disease
Authors: Desantis Vanessa , Andriano Alessandro , Düking Tim , Hartwig Olga , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Ria Roberto , Vacca Angelo , Solimando Antonio Giovanni 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Here we employed spatial interaction networks created with MACSima™ imaging cyclic staining, navigating the complexity of myeloma architecture. Next, we provided insights into tissue composition and cell interactions at intra- and extramedullary sites, thus paving the way for theragnostic avenues.
Thermal Optimization, pH Sensitivity, Growth Dynamics, and Bioactivity of Streptomyces Isolates from soil samples in Anyigba, Kogi state
Authors: ZAKARI David Adeiza , KAREEM Sarafadeen Olateju , OBUOTOR Tolulope Mobolaji , Adeboye AKINLOYE Oluseyi , Moyosore ADEFILA Adebimpe , Idris EGBEJA Tsobaza , BELLO Kizito Eneye , Zainab AZEEZ , Olubunmi EMUROTU Marvelous , Emmanuel Edegbo , ISOJA Stephen Ojochegbe , Amoka AUDU Godwin , Muhammed Abdulsamad Adeiza 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
This study investigates the optimal growth conditions for various Streptomyces isolates, focusing on temperature, pH, and incubation period. Additionally, it assesses their antioxidant and cytotoxic potential to explore their industrial and therapeutic applications.
Methods
The growth conditions of Streptomyces isolates were evaluated by varying temperature, pH, and incubation period. Temperature preferences were tested from 30°C to 60°C, while pH was adjusted between 5.0 and 7.5. Growth dynamics were monitored, with peaks identified between 48 and 120 hours. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH assay, assessing radical scavenging potential. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the brine shrimp lethality assay, and LC50 values were determined to gauge the potency of cytotoxic effects.
Results
Distinct temperature preferences were observed among the isolates, with most showing peak growth between 30°C and 40°C, typical for mesophilic organisms. Isolate DM 1 uniquely thrived at 60°C, suggesting high-temperature stability. pH optimization revealed that most isolates preferred slightly acidic to neutral conditions (pH 5.0 to 7.5). Growth peaks varied from 48 to 120 hours. Antioxidant activity was high in isolates YM 3 and DMP 3, also noted in GA 2 and CSV 2. Cytotoxicity assays showed that isolates CSV 1 and DMP 3 had the highest cytotoxicity, with lower concentrations yielding significant effects. Isolates GA 1, GA 2, and YM 4 also demonstrated potent cytotoxicity at lower concentrations over extended exposure, in contrast to lower cytotoxicity observed in CW isolates.
Conclusion
These findings provide insights into optimizing cultivation conditions and exploring potential applications in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.
Critical thresholds of adult patch size and spacing during coral fertilisation
Authors: Ricardo Gerard F. , Doropoulos Christopher , Babcock Russell C. , Buccheri Elizabeth , Khalil Andrew , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Extreme climate events have severe impacts on the ecological functioning of marine ecosystems by causing wide-spread declines in population sizes and, for surviving individuals, limiting the capacity for population recovery through sexual reproduction. Ecological theory suggests that impacted populations can suffer local extinction due to Allee effects that occur during reproduction 1-3: large distances between corals prevents gamete encounters, resulting in reproductive failure 4-6. Corals are particularly vulnerable to climate impacts; however, without understanding the relationship between the spacing of spawning individuals and fertilisation success, reefs may pass a critical population threshold before effective conservation measures can be implemented. To assess the influence of adult patch characteristics on fertilisation success, we conducted a series of manipulative field experiments using three common broadcast-spawning Acropora species in two countries (One Tree Island, GBR; and Nikko Bay, Palau). Experimental coral populations ranged in mean intercolonial distance from 1 to 2 m and resulted in low but notable fertilisation success, ranging from 1.2 to 8.7%. We developed an independent mechanistic coral fertilisation model whose predictions closely aligned with the empirical data. The model predicts that in absence of strong convergence zones, adult coral densities need to exceed 13 – 50 colonies per 100 square meters for reefs to remain 10% reproductively functional.
Beyond Borders: Unravelling the Business Landscape of India and China from 2019 to 2023
Authors: M Dhasarathan , Singh Ajmer , Sen Biswajit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This study aims to compare the performance of India and China across various parameters of doing business such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, obtaining electricity, registering property, accessing credit, protecting minority investors, tax payment processes, trade across borders, contract enforcement and resolving insolvency etc. for 2019-20. Business landscape was analyzed during two distinct periods: 2019–2020 (using Doing business report by World bank) and 2021–2023 (using business environment rankings by Economist Intelligence Unit). It was observed that recently India is performing well in creating business friendly environment than China. India's efforts have borne fruit, resulting in an improved ranking in the ease of doing business. This study relies on secondary data sources and aims to provide a conceptual understanding and current position of business environment in both India and China.
JEL codes: O53, M21, K22, G38
HoloSimR: a comprehensive framework for simulating breeding programs including the hologenome scenario
Authors: Casto-Rebollo Cristina , Pocrnic Ivan , Gorjanc Gregor , Ibáñez-Escriche Noelia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Including microbiome information in breeding schemes may be helpful to improve the selection response of livestock populations. However, the complexity of the microbiome makes modelling across species and traits difficult. The estimation of the microbiability and the identification of the microbial species are highly dependent on the methodology used. Indeed, it is complicated to decide which is the best one because we fail to know the true underlying scenario. This study proposes an R package named HoloSimR for simulating the coevolution of the genome and the microbiota under a selection process. HoloSimR allows the user to explore the effect of the microbiota on the phenotypic response to selection and the effects of the environment, host genetics and symbiosis between microbial species on the composition of the microbiota.
Results
To illustrate the use of HoloSimR, a divergent selection process was simulated over ten generations. This example considered the most complete simulation that the HoloSimR package can perform; a divergent selection process, for six different scenarios, and with and without the symbiosis effect. The scenarios simulated the different approximations for calculating the phenotype (genome only, microbiota or both), as well as the host genetic effect on the microbiota composition. The most complex example took 898.47 minutes (~ 15 hours) on a standard laptop with 16 GB of RAM, for ten generations of selection, repeated ten times.
Conclusion
HoloSimR provides a valuable research platform, allowing researchers to test hypotheses and develop new approaches in a controlled in silico environment before applying them to real-world breeding programmes. This ultimately advances our understanding of host-microbiota interactions in the context of animal breeding.
Determinants of in-hospital Mortality Among Adult Stroke Patients Admitted to Public Hospital of Shashamane City West Arsi, Oromia, Ethiopia. A Two Year Unmatched Case-control Study
Authors: Hussein Dalu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Now-day’s, stroke is becoming a public health problem in developing countries as well, with huge consequences in terms of loss of productivity, premature death and long-term disability. In an effort to improve the standard of stroke care, we investigated the factors that increase the risk of in-hospital mortality.
Objective: To identify determinants of in-hospital mortality among adult stroke patients admitted to public hospitals in Shashamane city, Oromia Ethiopia, 2024.
Design: a Facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from January 30, 2021 to January 30, 2023.
Setting: This study was conducted in Shashamane city, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Participants: Medical records of 204 (66 cases and 138 controls) stroke patient admitted at public hospitals of Shashamane town were included.
Methods: Data from patients' medical records were collected using a standardized checklist. Epi Data version 4.6 was employed for data entry, while Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 facilitated analysis. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was done and a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare significance. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval was used to indicate the strength of association between the variables
Results: aspiration pneumonia(AOR=6.2, 95%, CI=1.93 – 19.95), sepsis (AOR=13.44, 95%, CI=4.41– 40.9), hemorrhagic stroke (AOR=6.91, 95%, CI=2.12 – 22.26), increased intracranial pressure (AOR=3.61, 95%, CI=1.2 – 10.82) and patients with severe Glasgow Coma Scale (3-8) (AOR=8.27, 95%, CI=1.88 – 36.38) were statistically significant and predictors of mortality.
Conclusion: aspiration pneumonia, sepsis, hemorrhagic stroke, increased intracranial pressure, and moderate Glasgow Coma Scale were determinants of in-hospital mortality. Therefore, early identification and treatment of complications along with strict follow-up are required to reduce in-hospital stroke mortality.