bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Excipients Inert? Phenytoin Pharmaceutical Investigations with New Incompatibility Insights
Authors: Amaral Silva Daniela , Löbenberg Raimar , Davies Neal 
Published: April 2018

PURPOSE: The U.S. Pharmacopeia defines excipients as substances other than the active pharmaceutic ingredient (API) that are added in a drug delivery system in order to aid in the manufacturing process and enhance stability, bioavailability, safety, effectiveness and delivery of the drug. The 1968 phenytoin intoxication outbreak in Brisbane, Australia, is a classic example of an API–excipient interaction. When administered with CaSO4 the absorption of phenytoin was reduced due to an interaction between the API and the excipient. When CaSO4 was replaced by lactose, the amount of drug absorbed was much higher, resulting in the observed intoxication. It was hypothesized that phenytoin was converted to a calcium salt prior to ingestion. The purpose of this study was to mechanistically investigate the interactions between excipients and phenytoin to confirm the hypothesis of the previous reports. METHODS: Titration experiments with phenytoin and calcium salt were performed. Isothermal micro calorimetry was used to determine incompatibilities between excipients, phenytoin and milk. NMR was used to characterize the compounds. Dissolution tests containing CaSO4, lactose or sorbitol as excipients were also performed. Both Canadian and United States of America commercially available capsules were tested with milk and water. RESULTS: The calorimeter results indicate that phenytoin sodium interacts with CaSO4 in aqueous media and the dissolution profile of CaSO4 containing capsules showed a reduced dissolution rate. In addition, phenytoin sodium also interacts with lactose through a Maillard reaction that can occur at body temperature. Likewise, commercial Phenytoin sodium products interacted with milk and the products containing lactose showed browning in water. CONCLUSION: In Canada and the USA, the reference product contains lactose as an excipient in the formulation, whereas the Canadian generic formulations do not contain lactose. Any clinical relevance of these difference has not been determined. A new incompatibility between phenytoin and lactose has been discovered and an incompatibility with calcium was confirmed, which may have implications in regard to excipients and food effects. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Foam sclerotherapy combined with saphenofemoral ligation procedure: long-term results
Authors: Soylu Lütfi , Aydın Oğuz Uğur 
Published: April 2018

Objective: To evaluate the clinical
effect of the foam sclerotherapy combined with saphenofemoral ligation (FS-SFL)
in a selected group of patients with varicose disease and present the long-term
results of ten-year ultrasonographic follow-up. Methods: Sixty-five
patients with primary varicose veins due to the great saphenous vein
incompetence who had been treated with FS-SFL were retrospectively reviewed
over a period of ten years. The patients were assessed before and after the
treatment by Doppler ultrasonography and clinical examination. Results: The mean age of the patients was 44.6 ± 11 years (range: 19 to 87 years), and
51 were females and 14 were males. Follow-up for all patients was ten years.
The most common complication was skin pigmentation. There were no major
complications. No recanalization of the great saphenous vein was seen in any
patient. Conclusions: FS-SFL is a safe and effective method of treating
varicose veins. This treatment have a low rate of recanalization in their
long-term follow-up.
Film Tourism In Norway: The Effect Fictional Characters Have On Tourism
Authors: Metcalf Brian , Linnes Cathrine , Agrusa Jerome , Lema Joseph 
Published: April 2018

The impact Walt Disney’s animated film Frozen is having on Disney’s bottom line and on tourism within Norway is highlighted. Although Frozen takes place in fictional Arendelle, movie producers incorporated Norwegian inspired scenery, imagery, and culture. Using a bi-lingual survey (English and Norwegian), we analyzed how the movie has increased travel in Norway, who appears to be most influenced to consider Norway as a travel destination, compared attitudes of film audiences in the U.S., Norway, and other countries on a variety of related factors, and provide suggestions concerning marketing connections to the movie Frozen in an attempt to further boost tourism within Norway.
INOVASI ALAT PERAGA “BELKONSU” DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SUHU DAN PERUBAHANNYA DI SMP NEGERI 2 BLORA
Authors: Tjahyani Purwanti Indra 
Published: April 2018

<span>Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah imeplementasi “BELKONSU” dan mengetahui dampaknya terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik. “BELKONSU” berupa alat peraga tiga dimensi yang dominan terbuat dari kayu panjang 50 cm, lebar 5 cm dan tinggi 115 cm, di dalamnya terdapat skala termometer Celsius, Reamur, Fahrenheit dan Kelvin. “BELKONSU” mempunyai karakteristik mudah dibuat, mudah diduplikasi, murah, dan aman. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan mengimplementasikan “BELKONSU” dalam proses pembelajaran Suhu dan Perubahannya. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan tes tertulis, unjuk kerja dan observasi penilaian sikap. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa “BELKONSU” mempunyai keunggulan mengatasi miskonsepi materi suhu dan mengkonversi skala suhu dengan cepat, tepat dan akurat sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan hasil belajar aspek pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap ilmiah peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Suhu dan Perubahannya Hal ini dikutikan dengan hasil belajar ulangan harian meningkat dari rata-rata 68,8 menjadi 88,45, unjuk kerja dari 76,8% menjadi 92,93%, sedangkan penilain sikap dari 70.71% menjadi 95.96</span>
Family Socioeconomic Status, Religiosity and Alcohol Use among Secondary School Adolescents in Bushenyi Ishaka Municipality, Uganda
Authors: Bashaija Athanansio Spencer , Rukundo Aloysius 
Published: April 2018

This paper reports research on levels of family socioeconomic status, religiosity and alcohol use among secondary school adolescents in Bushenyi Ishaka Municipality, Uganda (BIM). The study employed a cross- sectional survey design with quantitative method of data collection and analysis. Proportionate stratified, and systematic simple random sampling techniques were used to arrive at the final sample of participants. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire with standardized scales. The instrument comprised Bio-data, SES scale, religiosity, spiritual scale for Youth, and AUDIT Test for Alcohol use. Responses were obtained from a total of 404 participants who included females as the majority (54.7%). The mean age of the students was 15.91. Results show that majority of the students came from families with moderate levels of socioeconomic status. It was further discovered that students had low levels of alcohol use and high levels of religiosity. Implications of the study findings are discussed.
Vegetation and Soil Responses to Concrete Grinding Residue Application on Highway Roadsides of Eastern Nebraska
Authors: Wingeyer Ana , Mamo Martha , Schacht Walter , McCallister Dennis , Sutton Pamela 
Published: April 2018

As a precautionary principle, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit establishes that the primary pollutant in concrete grinding residue (CGR) is its alkalinity and restricts CGR roadside discharge to 11 Mg ha−1 or the agronomic liming rate, whichever is lower. We evaluated the effect of CGR application on roadside soil chemical properties, existing vegetation, and rainfall runoff. Five CGR rates (0, 11, 22, 45, and 90 dry Mg ha−1) were tested on roadsides slopes at two different locations in eastern Nebraska. Vegetation, soil, and runoff characteristics were evaluated before CGR application and 30 d and 1 yr after CGR application. Soil pH of control plots averaged 8.3 and 8.5 for each site respectively, across depths and slope positions, thus not requiring any liming for agronomic purposes. Soil electrical conductivity (EC, 1:1) averages of control plots were 0.79 and 1.24 dS m−1 across depths and slope positions. In the short term (30 d) the highest CGR application affected the 0‐ to 7.5‐cm soil depth by increasing soil extractable Ca (21 and 25% for each site, respectively), soil pH (0.2, south site), and soil EC (0.2 dS m−1) compared with the control. However, these changes in soil did not persist 1 yr after CGR application. The pH buffering capacity of soil prevented post‐CGR‐application pH from exceeding 8.9, even at the highest application rate. Application of CGR did not produce any differences in biomass production, botanical composition, and runoff characteristics at either site. From our study, CGR up to ?90 dry Mg ha−1—about the amount produced during diamond grinding operations—can be one‐time applied to roadside soils of similar characteristics on already established vegetation.Core Ideas
We evaluated a one‐time application of concrete grinding residue to highway roadsides.
Uniform application of CGR up to 90 Mg ha−1 did not affect existing vegetation.
Application of CGR did not affect soil chemical properties nor runoff characteristics.
The highest CGR rate increased soil extractable Ca and Na and pH after 30 d.
Soil extractable Ca and Na were not affected 1 yr after CGR application.
Quantity and Quality of Dispersed Fine Particles after the Low‐Energy Water‐Dispersible Soil Test: Impact of the Initial Soil Matrix Potential
Authors: Samouëlian Anatja , Quénard Laurence , Cousin Isabelle , Cornu Sophie 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Moist initial conditions allow better discrimination of particle dispersion among soils.
The nature of dispersed <2‐μm particles varies with the initial soil matrix condition.
The low‐energy water‐dispersible clay test at two different initial conditions allows soil functioning analysis.
Transfer of <2‐µm soil particles is a key process in the dispersion of pollutants and the textural differentiation of soil. Dispersion tests involving low‐energy water‐dispersible clay (LEWDC) are commonly used to indicate the stock of particles <2‐µm that can be mobilized. However, notable differences in LEWDC protocols exist. We discuss the impact of the initial soil matrix potential on the dispersion sensitivity of <2‐µm particles and the nature (mineralogy and particle size) of the dispersed particles. The dispersion sensitivity was more differentiated among soils with a high initial water content, which allows better soil discrimination. The nature of dispersed <2‐µm particles was closer to that of the bulk <2‐µm soil when moist initial conditions were considered, whereas enrichment in coarse clay minerals (with a particle‐size mode of around 2 µm) was observed with dry initial conditions. Performing the LEWDC test under both moist and dry initial conditions can be used to interpret soil functioning.
¿La instrucción musical es un predictor del rendimiento académico?
Authors: Naranjo Bustamante Isabel Cristina , Naranjo Naranjo Lina Marcela , Ochoa Cardona María Fernanda 
Published: April 2018

Este artículo presenta una revisión de los hallazgos de investigaciones que señalan las variables de rendimiento académico en estudiantes con instrucción musical; para lo cual se agruparon en tres categorías: investigaciones de corte cualitativo con enfoque pedagógico, investigaciones sobre el coeficiente intelectual y su relación con el rendimiento académico, y finalmente, exploración de las capacidades cognoscitivas como predictores del rendimiento académico. En esta búsqueda se evidenció que para realizar la correlación entre instrucción musical y rendimiento académico es necesario tener en cuenta otros factores que median en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje, lo que nos permite concluir que existe una influencia entre la instrucción musical y el rendimiento académico; sin embargo esta, no es de causalidad, para que exista tendría que definirse el objetivo específico y contextualizarlo con un propósito en el ámbito académico (mejoría en una materia o contenido específico, comportamiento y/o habilidades sociales).
Runoff prediction using rainfall data from microwave links: Tabor case study
Authors: Stransky David , Fencl Martin , Bares Vojtech 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Rainfall spatio-temporal distribution is of great concern for rainfall-runoff modellers. Standard rainfall observations are, however, often scarce and/or expensive to obtain. Thus, rainfall observations from non-traditional sensors such as commercial microwave links (CMLs) represent a promising alternative. In this paper, rainfall observations from a municipal rain gauge (RG) monitoring network were complemented by CMLs and used as an input to a standard urban drainage model operated by the water utility of the Tabor agglomeration (CZ). Two rainfall datasets were used for runoff predictions: (i) the municipal RG network, i.e. the observation layout used by the water utility, and (ii) CMLs adjusted by the municipal RGs. The performance was evaluated in terms of runoff volumes and hydrograph shapes. The use of CMLs did not lead to distinctively better predictions in terms of runoff volumes; however, CMLs outperformed RGs used alone when reproducing a hydrograph's dynamics (peak discharges, Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient and hydrograph's rising limb timing). This finding is promising for number of urban drainage tasks working with dynamics of the flow. Moreover, CML data can be obtained from a telecommunication operator's data cloud at virtually no cost. That makes their use attractive for cities unable to improve their monitoring infrastructure for economic or organizational reasons.
Cytoprotective Polyphenols Against Chronological Skin Aging and Cutaneous Photodamage
Authors: Davinelli Sergio , Bertoglio Juan Carlos , Polimeni Ascanio , Scapagnini Giovanni 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by a combination of intrinsic and
extrinsic factors, leading to cumulative alterations of skin structure, function and appearance. Polyphenols, which
are secondary plant metabolites, represent one of the largest classes of compounds used in dermatology and nutricosmetics
to combat skin aging. The main objective is to provide an overview of the existing literature linking skin
aging and the ability of polyphenols as regulatory elements able to maintain skin homeostasis.

Methods:
In this review, we discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular bases of skin aging, with
specific emphasis on some well known and extensively studied polyphenols which have significant anti-aging
influences and photoprotective effects.

Results:
Although no relevant clinical data exist and standard delivery systems have not been established, promising
results have been obtained in many in vitro and animal models. A wide variety of polyphenols may minimize mechanisms
underlying the functional manifestations of photoaging and chronological skin aging.

Conclusion:
Polyphenols exert their influence mostly through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,
thereby abrogating collagen degradation and/or increasing procollagen synthesis.
Professores e coordenadores pedagógicos diante das novas tecnologias na educação
Authors: Abreu Soraya Martins , Corrêa Carla Quintanilha 
Published: April 2018

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta a experiência de uma escola em processo de mudanças trazidas pelas tecnologias da comunicação e da informação. Diante disto, apresenta-se o conceito de mídia-educação, ressaltando o papel da escola e do professor neste novo contexto, o de criar condições de apropriação crítica e criativa das mídias. Foi realizada pesquisa de campo em uma escola privada do município de Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ/Brasil), a fim de analisar alguns aspectos do processo de implementação das novas tecnologias na perspectiva de coordenadores pedagógicos e professores. A análise das respostas indicou que ambos acreditam na importância da utilização das tecnologias no processo ensino-aprendizagem, havendo necessidade de formação continuada para que os profissionais da educação consigam acompanhar o ritmo das mudanças. Palavras-Chave: Mídia-educação; Novas tecnologias; Formação continuada. Abstract This paper presents the experience of a school in the process of change brought by the technologies of communication and information. In view of this, it presents the concept of media education, highlighting the role of the school and the teacher in this new context, to create critical conditions of appropriation and creative of the media. Field research was conducted in a private school in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ / Brazil) in order to analyze some aspects of the implementation of new technologies in process perspective coordinators and teachers. The analysis of the responses indicated that both believe in the importance of using technology in teaching-learning process, requiring continuing education for education professionals keep pace with the pace of change. Keywords: Media education; New Technologies; Lifelong learning. Resumen En este trabajo se presenta la experiencia de una escuela en el proceso de cambio producido por las tecnologías de la comunicación y de la información. En vista de esto, se presenta el concepto de educación para los medios, destacando el papel de la escuela y el maestro en este nuevo contexto, para crear las condiciones críticas de apropiación y creativo de los medios de comunicación. La investigación de campo se llevó a cabo en una escuela privada en la ciudad de Campos dos Goytacazes (RJ / Brasil) con el fin de analizar algunos aspectos de la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías en los coordinadores perspectiva de proceso y maestros. El análisis de las respuestas indicó ambos creen en la importancia del uso de la tecnología en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, que requieren educación continua para los profesionales de la educación mantener el ritmo con el ritmo del cambio. Palabras clave: Educación para los médios; Nuevas tecnologias; Educación continua. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22169/revint.v11i24.972
INFLUENCE OF NURSING CLINICAL PATHWAY IMPLEMENTATION TO LENGTH OF STAY OF NON HEMORRHAGIC STROKE PATIENTS IN BUKITTINGGI ACHMAD MOCHTAR HOSPITAL
Authors: Rezkiki Fitrianola 
Published: April 2018

<p><em>Lenght of stay is indicator of serving quality and nursing care to measure hospital efficiency level. Neurology ward is one of the wards that experience increasing of length of stay from 5,91 to 7,38. The cause of length of stay increasing is nursing care management that according to Calhoun can be formulated to nursing clinical pathway. The purpose of this study is to analyze influence of nursing clinical pathway implementation to length of stay of non hemorrhagic stroke patients in neurology ward Bukitttinggi Achmad Mochtar Hospital. The designs of this study used non-equivalent post test only control group design approach. Sample of this study were taken by purposive sampling with total of 32 samples consist of 16 sample as intervention group and another 16 samples as control group. Data analyzing used t-test independent. The result shows that there is significant influence for average length of stay of stroke non hemorrhagic patients that were given nursing clinical pathway compared to the group that is not given nursing clinical pathway with p value 0,001 (p value ≤ 0,05. According to this study, hospital should implement nursing clinical pathway when doing nursing care to patients in ward and also hospital should make policy related to nursing clinical payhway implementation..</em></p><p><em> </em></p>
A triász és a jura időszak határán lezajlott globális krízis és annak nyomai magyarországi rétegsorokban
Authors: Haas János , Pálfy József , Győri Orsolya , Kocsis Ádám T. , Lantos Zoltán 
Published: April 2018

A triász időszakot lezáró tömeges kihalás egyike a fanerozoikum legnagyobb kihalási eseményeinek, amelyet globális környezeti krízis idézhetett elő. Kutatása az elmúlt két évtizedben vált intenzívvé és azóta szerte a világon, számos szelvény részletes vizsgálatával folyik. A szemle jellegű cikk célja a környezeti krízis kőzetekben megőrződött nyomainak felderítését célzó rendkívül kiterjedt és szerteágazó kutatások fontosabb eredményeinek és a folyamatokat kiváltó okok értelmezésének áttekintése, valamint a hazai triász-jura határképződmények jelentőségének és a szelvények vizsgálatával eddig szerzett ismereteknek az összegző bemutatása.
Variant Design and Fabrication of an Earth Tunneling Machine
Authors: Obot Obotowo W. , Ite O. O. , Ben J. M. 
Published: April 2018

Earth tunneling machine is an equipment used in drilling tunnels under the road surface for the laying of pipes or cables. The earth tunneling machine was produced locally using available materials through simple machining and joining processes. The machine comprised major components like the driving shaft/boring head, the pulling mechanism, the sand extraction system, the control unit, the machine base and housing which were locally produced and assembled. Using the machine to drill soil samples from Ekpene Ukim- Uruan; Mbiabong – Uyo; Ikot Obiodongo – Ibesikpo; and Anua Obio - Uyo, the strength of soil samples by the California Bearing Ratio (CBT) test at drilling depths was determined to be 0.444 MPa, 0.417 MPa, 0.420 MPa, and 0.458 MPa, respectively. The test result demonstrates the performance of a functional model earth tunneling machine, thus indicating the realization of the objective of the research work.
Evaluation of Monetary Challenges Affecting Operations of Private Tertiary Colleges in Nakuru Town, Kenya
Authors: Mugo A. N. 
Published: April 2018

Tertiary colleges are the institution in between the secondary and the universities. They are set aside for those students who fail to join universities due to failure of meeting entry points or lack of requisite fees. Most of these institutions are run by private sectors while a small percentage is run by public sectors. Due to various challenges here have been instances of monetary constraints in these institutions. This facilitated this study which hunted to evaluate the monetary challenges affecting operations of the private tertiary colleges. The study sought to establish the access of funds and credit facilities on operations of the aforestated private tertiary colleges. The pecking order theory guided the study. The study was conducted amongst private tertiary colleges in Nakuru town, Kenya. The study adopted descriptive research design with target population of 109 employees of these institutions. A census survey was conducted. The study employed a questionnaire to collect primary data. Data was processed and analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Descriptive and inferential analyses were duly conducted. The findings indicated that access of funds and credit facilities affect operations of private tertiary colleges positively and that the relationship between the two constructs is statistically significant (r = 0.665; p < 0.01). The study concluded that the role played by funds and credit facilities in the Operations of private tertiary colleges cannot be understated. It is recommended that the management of private tertiary colleges should devise various sources of funding such as initiating income-generating projects and liaise with corporate entities for sponsorship of needy students.