bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment on Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Handling Facility, Case Study: Terminal LPG Semarang
Authors: Akbar T A , Dinariyana A A B , Baheramsyah A , Prastyasari F I , Setyorini P D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
LPG plays important role in Indonesia as household fuel. With the rapid growth of LPG usage, its handling facility is built across the country. The handling of LPG requires various activity prior to supporting its supply chain. One of the vital facility is Terminal LPG (or on this case Terminal LPG Semarang) which serve as a hub in LPG distribution because it handles a relatively huge amount of LPG. It is exposed to operational risk especially fire risk. This paper is intended to assess the risk of LPG Terminal by using combined both qualitative and quantitative methods. The initial step is to identify the hazard by using HAZOP Study. The next step is to determine the likelihood of the risk by using FTA and ETA resulted in event frequency. The severity level is determined using consequences analysis which involved fire modeling of the intended scenarios. The result from both frequency and consequences will be presented in the risk matrix to determine the unacceptable risk scenario to develop a mitigation plan by using Fire Risk Card to assess the capability of the Terminal firefighting equipment.
The development of the IHL wave-current turbine to convert the ocean energy from both wave and current
Authors: Erwandi  , Rahuna D , Mintarso C S J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Indonesia has abundant of renewable sources of energy, among others: geothermal, solar, water, wind and marine therefore the promotion of the utilization of the renewable and sustainable energy is urgent. Since 2006 Indonesian Hydrodynamic Laboratory (IHL) BPPT has conducted research and developed a technology converts the ocean energy resources into electricity, the kinetic energy of marine current and the potential energy of wave. The prototype of marine current turbine, 2 kW and 10 kW respectively, had been installed in Larantuka Strait in 2010 and 2011 (http://www.youtube.com/user/erw4ndi). Since mostly the maximum speed of the marine current of many straits in Indonesia are in order 1.0 - 2.0 m/s, we developed the turbine prototype that can convert not only the kinetic energy of marine current but also the potential energy of the wave, called as wave-current rotor turbine, in 2013. The current usually mixes with wave height with order 0.4 - 0.8 m. A 2 kW prototype was installed under Suramadu (Surabaya - Madura) Bridge close to pier no. 56. The prototype showed a good performance especially in converting the kinetic energy of marine current. The research was continued in 2014-2016 under Ministry of Research and Technology (INSINAS RISTEK) budget scheme. Some innovations have been done to improve the performance of turbines.
Subsurface Analysis Using Gravity Data at Lili Sepporaki Geothermal Area
Authors: Sihombing Jubilate , Lestari Wien , Mariyanto  , Joni Wiwid 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Gravity survey plays an important role in early stage of subsurface imaging in geothermal system. The aim of this study is to understand the subsurface structure and possibly the heat source based on rock density distribution with three dimensional inversion modeling (3D). In 2010, Center of Mineral Resources, Coal and Geothermal of Indonesia was performed gravity survey at Lili Sepporaki geothermal area with 205 stations within a 10 x 10 km coverage area. The complete Bouguer anomaly was obtained with the density of 2.8 g/cm3 and this density was used to do 3D modelling. Bouguer anomalies ranging from 40 mgal to 62 mgal were observed in the study area with low anomalies values located in the northern part and high anomalies located in the southern part of the study area. Based on the 3D inversion modeling results, there are low density rocks with values between 2.0 - 2.3 g/cm3 around the hot springs of the research area with a depth of <1 km. These rocks are interpreted as rocks that associated with fractures forming a fault zone that controls the surface manifestation of the study area. High density rocks with values between 3.0 - 3.3 gr/cm3 are located south of research area with depth >2 km. This rocks are interpreted as intrusive igneous rocks and are thought as the heat source of geothermal systems in the study area.
Co – pyrolysis of Empty Palm Fruit Bunch (EPFB) and Low Quality Coal Under CO2 Atmosphere
Authors: Zullaikah S , Naulina R Y , Puspitasari L D , Nadliroh U , Niawanti H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The objective of this research was to study blending ratio effect on co-pyrolysis of Empty Palm Fruit Bunch (EPFB) and low quality coal using CO2 gas purge on the characteristics of gas, solid and liquid products. Characteristics of gas products consisting of H2 and CO2 gas concentration. Solid product characteristics consist of pore diameter, surface area, total pore volume, solid structure. Meanwhile, the characteristics of liquid products consist of liquid composition. EPFB and low quality coal were reduced to a maximum particle size of about 16 meshes at pre treatment process. The blending ratio of low quality coal and EPFB were 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80 and 0/100, temperature at 500 °C. The result obtained that H2 gas increased between 0 % - 0.423 % due to the higher blending ratio. The concentration of CO2 gas was fluctuated. Meanwhile, pore diameter and total pore volume decreased due to the higher blending ratio. The pores diameter were 61.7316 nm and 18.8361 nm obtained at 0 % and 80 % EPFB, respectively. Total pore volumes were 0.0111 cm3/and 0.0063 cm3/g obtained at 0 % and 80 % EPFB, respectively. Surfaces area were increased, they were 0.72 m2/g and 1.3480 m2/g at 0 % and 80 % EPFB, respectively. Physical analysis was obtained that the higher of blending ratio (EPFB 100%), the more concentrated of reddish brown color. Liquid products identified contain 41 compounds with the dominant compound of the alkene group. The largest compound were hexadecane (23.69%) and heptacosane (22.61%).
Passive design (building envelope) impact to cooling load of researh centre building ITS
Authors: Soehartanto T. , Matradji  , Roekmono  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The ITS Research Center (RC) building as one of the new buildings in ITS has a unique architecture compared to ITS building architecture in general. The shape of this architecture is interesting to study because the side of the building facing north and south is the majority of tinted glass, which is given a frame on the left and right sides with a thickness of 4 meters each. The wall protrudes inside with a certain slope angle, so that it protects the glass window from solar radiation (from the east and from the west) directly. The 11th floor sheath is tinted glass that curves downward with a certain tilt angle, so it can provide a shade effect on the glass floor below. This type of building design is a passive design (one of the green building methods) to reduce thermal transfer through the building envelope. Thermal transfer through the envelope of the Research Center building will be presented in this paper, through the calculation of overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) covering the north and south side of the building from the second floor to the 11th floor. The covering from the 3rd to the 10th floor consists of spandrel, tinted glass and parapet, while the sheath on the 2nd and 11th floors is tinted glass. The calculation results show that the total OTTV from the north and south side of the building envelope is 6.18 Watt / m2, this shows that the design of ITS research center building architecture is effective in reducing the thermal transver through the sheath.
Fatigue Calculation of Offshore Jacket Structural For Monitoring
Authors: Wu Y W , Wu H T , Chung C H , Lyu J R , Yang S H , Chen S Y , Chang Y Y 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Based on the IEC 61400-3 offshore wind turbine(OWT) design guidelines. The NREL 5MW wind turbine with Taiwan domestic jacket support structure in 18 meters water depth was selected to perform the fatigue strength calculation for the support structure. Commercial software Bladed and SACS are used to perform the required structural responses and fatigue strength calculations. The stress concentration factors(SCF) and S-N curves for the stress calculations of tubular joints are adopted based on the recommendation of DNV GL guidelines. The magnitude of the stress variation range and the corresponding number of counts are obtained by the rainflow counting algorithm. Finally under the assumption of Palmgren-Miner linear cumulative damage rule, the cumulative damage of the structure component can be calculated and then the fatigue life can be estimated. The numerical evaluation results can also be available for the further reference on the determination of sensor locations for the structural monitor system.
Numerical study of the effect of oxidation zone inlet air temperature variation on municipal solid waste pellet gasification process on downdraft type reactor characteristics
Authors: Sudarmanta B , Hidayatulloh D , Ependi D R , Saleh A R , Setiyawan A , Bachtiar A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Gasification is an efficient technology to extract energy from MSW biomass into energy in the form of syngas. One of the most influential paramerers to improve syngas quality is temperature, so the development of the design and operation of the downdraft type reactor is done by heating the inlet air of the oxidation zone through an external heater. Research with numerical studies was carried out on the effect of the inlet air in the oxidation zone to determine the temperature distribution and syngas composition along the reactor. Based on experimental research, heating the inlet air of the oxidation zone with external heaters in this study was carried out with 5 temperature variations, namely 80 °C, 110 °C, 150 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C. The modeling used is the standard model k-epsilon, Radiation P1, the transport species model with turbulence used is finite-rate / eddy-dissipation, and Discrete Phase Model (DPM). The results obtained from this study were that the highest air temperature was obtained at 200°C at 1004 °C in the oxidation zone. The composition of syngas CO, H2, and CH4 at temperature increases of 80-200 °C increased from 21.64%, 9.24%, and 2.86% to 22.65%, 10.49%, and 3.10%. Then increasing the LHV syngas from 4,757.20 kJ/m3 to 5,106.02 kJ/m3. Cold gas efficiency increased from 72.17% to 79.31%.
Symbiotic Organism Search for Sizing and Optimal Location of Distributed Generation Using Novel Sensitivity Factor
Authors: Setyawan G , Umar  , Soeprijanto A , Penangsang O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Electric power systems consist of many interconnected buses. The most widely used network topology is Radial Distribution Network (RDN), the bus located furthest from generation has a significant voltage drop and the number of buses without any support from Distributed Generation (DG) inflicting in increased power losses and increased generation cost. DG is advantageous to reduce power losses and increasing voltage on the power system, but the location and sizing of DG in the distribution network requires great consideration. In this paper the method used to determine the location is Loss Reduction Sensitivity Factor (LRSF) and Voltage Improvement Performance Index (VIPI) and for sizing DG uses artificial intelligence Symbiotic Organism Search (SOS). This DG locating and sizing problem is associated with real power loss minimization and voltage profile improvement objectives. The proposed method has been demonstrated on IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system. Based on this research the identification of using LRSF location is better than VIPI.
Numerical Analysis of Heterogeneous Oxidation Reaction on Multi-stage Air Inlet Downdraft Gasifier
Authors: Saleh Arif Rahman , Sudarmanta Bambang , Ependi Depi Rustam 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Gasification technology is one of the thermochemical conversion methods that can be a solution to overcome the negative municipal solid waste (MSW) impact. Syngas application from gasification on the internal combustion engine has problems with tar content. one method for reducing tar content is by means of a multi-stage air inlet in the reduction zone to initiate heterogeneous oxidation reactions. In this study a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model was used to simulate gasification reactions. The simulation was carried out using a one-phase model with k epsilon turbulence model, P1 radiation model, devolatilization model using kobayashi model, MSW fuel modeled as a discrete phase that moves in the continuous phase, and the reactions that occur are volumetric and particle surface reaction in which the interaction of turbulence-chemistry using finite-rate/eddy-dissipation. The ratio of air used is 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% between oxidation and reduction. Based on the simulation results, there is an increase in syngas composition, especially CO because there is a heterogeneous oxidation reaction between carbon in the reduction zone with oxygen which also triggers a rise in temperature in the oxidation zone. CO2 concentration decreases due to an increase in the rate of boudouard reaction. but when the amount of air continues to increase there is a decrease in temperature in the oxidation zone because the amount of air for the oxidation reaction decreases, the simulation results obtained can be used to optimize the downdraft gasifier by adding air input to the reduction zone
A Study on conceptual design of mini FSRU as LNG receiving facility
Authors: Putra I W G K D D , Artana K B , Ariana I M , Sudiasih L G M P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
One of prioritizes of the government of Indonesia is to provide electricity in Papua regions to reduce electricity disparity in Indonesia. According to recent Power Supply Business Plan of PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero), there are more than 50 power plants are planned to build in Papua and Maluku regions. One of power plants which has considerable high capacity is located in Jayapura, Papua Province. This study addresses the conceptual design for three power plants in this area with capacities of 50 MW, 50 MW and 40 MW. The power plants are assumed to be supplied by natural gas from Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FSRU). This concept was chosen because of the sloping contour of the seabed and to reduce the use of land for the receiving terminal. To supply the FSRU, a 30,000 m3 small scale LNG vessel is used for a shuttle vessel with estimated roundtrip is 15 days. The conceptual design consists of determination of cargo tank capacity, designing lines plan and general arrangement of FSRU, stability calculation, Process Flow Diagram (PFD), Process and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) for loading and regasification processes at the FSRU.
Exterior Electric Hatchback Crossover Car Design with Strong, Vicious and Sharp Concept
Authors: Indrojarwo Baroto Tavip , Estiyono Andhika , Pratama Abdur Rosyid 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Identity of design of an electric car is necessary to show electrical technology and added values for consumers. Design of electic cars today, in the meaning of appearance and image, are judged by consumers as wierd and ugly compared to design of internal combustion engine (ICE) cars. The distinguished factor of electric car compared to ICE car is the technology that provides environment friendly and fuel energy crisis solution. Symbols of electric car can actually be build to be an interesting form and shape, such as smart, lightweight, efficient and clean. This research aims to design a small-medium electric car with 4-passenger car for young urban family consumer. The methods are consecutively: kind of car defining, 2D sketching, ergonomic or anthopometrical study, engineering and passenger package study, 3D styling and part design. The concept of form has adapted by keywords: strong, vicious, and sharp. Definition of ergonomic study based on Indonesian people with percentile of 5% women and 95% of men. Definition of engineering package based on Li-ion battery with size of 24 kWh placed under floor and single electric motor package placed on the front with front wheel system. The design result is a small medium crossover car with dimensions of wheelbase of 2500 mm, height of 1534 mm, front overhang of 858 mm and rear overhang of 723 mm. Design character of strong, vicious and sharp are transformed by small sharp headlamp and rear lamp; small grille with LED lines; smooth sculpting line on entire body; deep sculpting line on side body, firm and bold form of front and rear fender. The design outputs are 3D model of exterior, 3D mode; of body parts, 3D animation and physical scale model
Study on the structural evolution of SiO2 extracted from Sidoarjo mud
Authors: Rachmat Devita , Risanti Doty Dewi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Sidoarjo mud is known to have a large amount of silica mineral i.e 44.8% with a purity of 88.4 to 95.7%. In this study, the annealing process in extracted silica was carried out for 5 hours to observe the structural changes at 800°C, 1000°C and 1150°C. Thermogravimetric analysis of extracted silica shows that glass temperature transition (Tg) occurs at onset temperature of 800°C and crystalline phase take places at above 1150°C. The results are confirmed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It indicates that there is a transformation phase of amorphous SiO2 to triclinic crystalline structure with increasing amount of tridymite phase as the temperature increases from 800°C up to 1150°C. The changes in SiO2 phase structure are also confirmed by FTIR results that show a transmittance shift of Si-O bending band slightly to lower wavenumbers and increasing transmittance intensity of Si-O stretching bonds as the heating treatment temperature is increased. Based on the UV-Vis results, the optical band gap shows no dependencies on heat treatment temperature, whereas the Urbach energy is proportional to the increasing temperature, in which SiO2 sample heated at 800°C has the lowest Urbach energy or the fewer defects. Urbach energy values of extracted silica are ranging from 7.91-17.33 eV. In accordance with Urbach energy, the DSSC with photoanode containing SiO2 heated at 800°C shows the best performance with efficiency of 0.077 %.
The effect of rice husk ash addition as pozzolan on geopolymer binder using alkali activators
Authors: Bayuaji R , Dibiantara D P , Ilmiah R , Husin N A , Darmawan MS , Buyung R , Subekti S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Geopolymer concrete is an example of innovative concrete that does not use cement as a binder and generally fly ash used in recent research. However, fly ash is categorized as a hazardous and toxic waste [8]. This research studied about another binder, besides fly ash, in this case is rice husk ash made as a geopolymer paste alkali activated by a chemical mixture of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) confronted to a fly ash mixture paste as comparative material. The compositions made were, 100% rice husk ash, a mixture of 50% rice husk ash and 50% fly ash, and 100% fly ash as control mixture. After making the mixture, the composition will be tested to setting time-test in the form of paste. The size of specimen was cylindrical 2,5 cm in diameter 5 cm in height and cube size 15 cm x 15 cm x 5 cm. Each type of specimen was projected to porosity test, compressive strength test, UPV (Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity) and permeability test on 3 days, 28 days and 56 days of sample’s age. From the result of setting time, it was found that the composition of 100% rice husk ash had the longest on binding, which were 129 minutes for early binding and 170 minutes for late binding. The lowest result of porosity test was 100% of fly ash at 56 days of sample’s age testing with a porosity of 20%. The lowest result of compressive strength was 100% of rice husk ash tested in 3 days of sample’s age showed a compressive strength at 0.65 MPa. Based on the test results of UPV (Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity), the lowest value of wave velocity was 531.667 m/s, belong to 100% rice husk ash mixture at 3 days of sample’s age testing, with very poor binder quality qualification. The test result of highest permeability kT value with very poor-quality index binder was 100% rice husk ash with period of testing time in 3 days 0,047.10-16 m2.
On The Synthesis of ZSM-5 Directly from Kaolin Bangka with Aging Time
Authors: Hartanto D , Pambudi A B , Cahyanti D N , Utomo W P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
ZSM-5 has been synthesized in this study using hydrothermal method with addition of ZSM-5 seed. Synthesis of ZSM-5 in this study using kaolin bangka as alumina source with aging time of 0, 12, 24 and 36 hours and the effect of aging time was also investigated. Samples were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and SEM EDX. ZSM-5 samples with aging 24 hours has the highest intensity at 2θ = 23.03° with crystallinity of 69.60%. The vibration at wavenumbers 540 and 1220 cm−1 was shown in the sample with 24 hours aging, it was indicated that a large number of pentasil rings have been formed. These results are consistent with XRD data which shows that samples with aging 24 hours have the highest crystallinity. The size of ZSM-5 sample with an aging time 24 hours was about 4.5 μm. EDX results obtained Si / Al ratio in samples with aging time 0, 12 hours and 24 hours is 10.77; 11.23 and 8.34. All samples showed a Si / Al ratio above 5 which showed that the ZSM-5 had been formed. But morphologically, samples with aging 24 hours have a more uniform crystal shape.
Usage of power plant waste for airport pavement surface
Authors: Widayanti N , Ahyudanari E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A research has been conducted to analyze usage of power plant waste and characteristics of asphalt concrete mixture for airport pavement using artificial aggregate. The artificial aggregate was made of power plant wasted related to waste energy that has not been fully utilized. This testing method used to determine the marshall stability and flow values of asphalt concrete, and to measure how much fly ash from power plant waste can be reduce to utilized as airport pavement surface. The result of marshall testing provides the new material that made of power plant wasted was eligible to used as a replacement material for airport pavement surface and the mixed compositions can be applied for airport runway pavement which is using artificial aggregate was expected to reduce power plant wasted.
Alternative of stone ash as a sand replacement in fc’40 mpa quality concrete mixture on pressure stress
Authors: Hidayata R , Iswinarti  , Parwanti Asnun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Stone ash is the result of breaking stone by using a stone crusher. Stone ash is currently a by-product in the industry the amount of stone is not small. At present stone ash is not very salable for sale because the use in the construction industry is very little considering the use of sand as fine aggregate is still used for concrete mixtures. The method used in this study is a reduction in the amount of sand used in the concrete composition replaced with stone ash. Where the percentage of the use of stone ash is determined at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the amount of sand, using concrete quality Fc’40 Mpa. From this study, it is known that the more mixed the ash, the lower the compressive strength. Each 5% increase in the proportion of rock ash mixture to the weight of sand results in a decrease in strength. For 0% of stone ashes produce Fc’ = 40.17 MPa; 5% of stone ash produces Fc’ = 39.37 MPa; 10% of stone ash produces Fc’ = 38.32 MPa; 15% of stone ash produces Fc’ = 37.38 MPa; 20% of rock ash produced Fc’ = 36.8 Mpa. From the research carried out the addition of rock ash more than 5% decreased the concrete compressive strength required because by using a mixture of 5% stone ash, the compressive strength of concrete only reached 39.37 Mpa.