bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired glucagon suppression and reduced insulin sensitivity in subjects with prediabetes undergoing atorvastatin therapy
Authors: Urbano Francesca , Di Pino Antonino , Scicali Roberto , Filippello Agnese , Di Mauro Stefania , Scamporrino Alessandra , Marchisello Simona , Rabuazzo Agata Maria , Purrello Francesco , Piro Salvatore 
Published: September 2019

Objective
Statin therapy has been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in high-risk populations; however, the pathophysiology of this association remains to be clarified. We investigated glucagon suppression and its relationship with insulin resistance in prediabetic subjects undergoing atorvastatin therapy; in addition, we studied molecular insulin signaling in pancreatic α-cells exposed to atorvastatin in vitro.

Design and methods
Fifty subjects with prediabetes were divided into two groups based on atorvastatin therapy. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Early (0–30 min), late (30–120 min) and overall (0–120 min) glucagon suppression were evaluated. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by the insulin sensitivity index (ISI0–120). Insulin signaling pathway and insulin-mediated glucagon suppression were investigated in pancreatic αTC1-6 cells chronically exposed (24 or 48 h) to atorvastatin (100 ng/mL).

Results
Individuals on statin therapy (n = 26) showed a significantly reduced early (0–30 min) (P = 0.003) and overall (0–120 min) (P = 0.01) glucagon suppression compared with controls (n = 24). In multivariate regression analysis, early glucagon suppression (0–30 min) exhibited a significant correlation with statin therapy. Regression analysis showed a significant association between ISI 0-120 and early0-30 (r = 0.33, P < 0.05) and overall0-120 (r = 0.38, P < 0.05) glucagon suppression. Moreover, in αTC1-6 cells atorvastatin treatment affected insulin-mediated glucagon suppression, insulin receptor phosphorylation and IRS-1-AKT pathway signaling.

Conclusions
Prediabetic patients undergoing statin therapy exhibit impaired glucagon suppression associated with lower insulin sensitivity. Our data revealed a new molecular aspect behind the deregulation of insulin sensitivity secondary to statin exposure.
Chemical Composition and Genesis of Ferromanganese Crusts from the Sonne Ridge (Kuril Basin, Sea of Okhotsk)
Authors: Ivanova Yu.M. , Mikhailik P.E. , Mikhailik E.V. , Zarubina N.V. , Blokhin M.G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
—The paper presents results of a comprehensive study of ferromanganese crusts from a submarine volcano on the Sonne Ridge, which was discovered during the 178th cruise of the RV Sonne (2004) investigating the northern slope of the Kuril basin in the framework of the KOMEX program. Results of study of the structures, textures, and mineral and elemental compositions of the crusts suggest their hydrogenous origin. The contents of major, trace, and rare-earth elements and Y (REY) in four mineral phases of ferromanganese crusts of the Sea of Okhotsk have been determined by phase analysis for the first time. The REY patterns of the manganese and ferrous in-situ phases confirms the hydrogenous genesis and indicates no hydrothermal influence.
The Aksug Porphyry Cu–Mo Deposit (Northeastern Tuva): Chronology of Magmatism and Ore Formation Processes (U–Pb and Re–Os Isotope Data) and Metallogenic Implications
Authors: Berzina A.N. , Berzina A.P. , Gimon V.O. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
—The Aksug porphyry Cu–Mo deposit is located in a region of long-lasting magmatic activity. Gabbroids of the Khoito-Oka complex are the earliest intrusive rocks, in which the Aksug granitoid pluton hosting ore-bearing small porphyry intrusions is localized. The intrusive activity was terminated with emplacement of late leucogranite dikes. There are different viewpoints on the age of magmatism and mineralization of the Aksug deposit, with the concept of their Devonian age prevailing. To solve the debatable issue, we performed isotope geochronological studies and analyzed new results of U–Pb (SHRIMP-II) zircon dating and previously published Re–Os molybdenite dates (518 ± 2, 516 ± 2, and 511 ± 2 Ma). The concordant U–Pb zircon ages for igneous rocks are younger than the Re–Os age for mineralization. New U–Pb dating of Khoito-Oka gabbro-diorites has yielded an age of 503 ± 2 Ma. The U–Pb SHRIMP zircon age of tonalites from the Aksug pluton has been estimated at 504 ± 5 Ma. The U–Pb zircon ages for ore-related tonalite porphyry I and tonalite porphyry II are 500 ± 6 and 499 ± 6 Ma, respectively. The obtained SHRIMP age for leucogranite dike is 509 ± 4 Ma. Two groups of U–Pb dates have been obtained for each of the analyzed zircon samples: close to the Re–Os dates (518–511 ± 2 Ma) and younger (507–486 Ma). The weighted average zircon ages calculated for early and late populations from post-ore leucogranites are 515 ± 4 and 500 ± 4 Ma, respectively. We suggest that zircons with an age close to the Re–Os dates found in post-ore leucogranites were assimilated from the underlying substrate and zircons with an age of 500 ± 4 Ma crystallized from melt. The oldest U–Pb dates (509–515 Ma) of individual zircon grains from ore-bearing tonalite porphyry are consistent with the Re–Os molybdenite ages. Zircons from tonalite, tonalite porphyry, and Khoito-Oka gabbroids sometimes show internal textures indicating secondary alteration. The younger U–Pb concordia zircon ages relative to the Re–Os dates might be due to the influence of late thermal processes on the U–Pb isotopic system. The younger dates (486–507 Ma) of individual zircon grains probably reflect the time of the impact of a thermal fluid process. The weighted average of these younger dates (502 ± 2 Ma) falls within the weighted average age of post-ore leucogranites (500 ± 4 Ma). According to the Re–Os dates, the Aksug deposit formed at the end of the early Cambrian. Ore occurrences similar in magmatism and mineralization to the Aksug ore deposit are widespread in Tuva and in the Lake Zone in Mongolia. Therefore, it is necessary to reassess the role of the Cambrian and Devonian magmatism in the development of porphyry Cu–Mo mineralization both in Tuva and in the Altai–Sayan orogenic area.
Ultrasound appearance of peripheral nerves in the neck: vagus, hypoglossal and greater auricular
Authors: Curcean Andra Diana , Rusu Georgeta Mihaela , Dudea Sorin Marian 
Published: September 2019

Background and aim. Information in ultrasonography about reference values of nerves, particularly of those located in the neck is limited. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the feasibility of direct visualization of the vagus, hypoglossal and greater auricular nerves, testing the method on healthy volunteers and estimate the reference values for two perpendicular diameters and cross-sectional area (CSA).
Methods. A prospective study was carried out on 21 healthy volunteers (12 women and 9 men), recording their demographic characteristics. A 13 MHz transducer was used on a Hitachi EUB-8500 machine. The vagus nerve was measured at the bifurcation of common carotid artery (CCA) and at the intersection of the internal jugular vein with omohyoid muscle. The hypoglossal nerve was identified as it crosses the posterolateral border of the mylohyoid muscle in the submandibular space. The auricular nerve was identified on the superficial surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at 1 cm from its posterior margin. The mean CSA on axial scans, nerve width and thickness were determined. The side-to-side and gender differences of the estimated reference values and their correlations with the weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated.
Results. The mean ultrasound-estimated CSA was measured for the vagus nerve at CCA bifurcation (2.14 ± 0.79 on the left 2.86 ± 1.27 on the right), vagus nerve at the level of omohyoid muscle (2.10 ± 0.06 on the left and 2.43 ± 0.08 on the right), hypoglossal nerve (1.71 ± 0.08 on the left, 1.24 ± 0.06 on the right) and greater auricular nerve (0.90 ± 0.53 on the left and 0.79 ± 0.71 on the right). The vagus nerve was significantly larger on the right side compared to the left side. Larger hypoglossal nerve was observed in men compared to women. Significant correlations were observed between weight and CSA of the greater auricular nerve.
Conclusion. Direct visualization of the vagus, greater auricular nerve and hypoglossal nerves is feasible. Reference values for the size of the studied nerves at specific anatomic landmarks were established. Side, gender and body weight differences of the nerves CSA were noted.
Structural or dispositional? An experimental investigation of the experience of winning in social casino games (and impulsivity) on subsequent gambling behaviors
Authors: Kim Hyoun S. , Rockloff Matthew , McGrath Daniel S. , Wohl Michael J. A. , Hodgins David C. 
Published: September 2019

Background and aims
In the present research, we experimentally investigated whether the experience of winning (i.e., inflated payout rates) in a social casino game influenced social casino gamers’ subsequent decision to gamble for money. Furthermore, we assessed whether facets of dispositional impulsivity – negative and positive urgency in particular – also influenced participants’ subsequent gambling.

Methods
Social casino gamers who were also current gamblers (N = 318) were asked to play a social casino game to assess their perceptions of the game in exchange for $3. Unbeknownst to them, players were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: winning (n = 110), break-even (n = 103), or losing (n = 105). After playing, participants were offered a chance to gamble their $3 renumeration in an online roulette game.

Results
A total of 280 participants (88.1%) elected to gamble, but no between-condition variation in the decision to gamble emerged. Furthermore, there were no differences in gambling on the online roulette between condition. However, higher levels of both negative and positive urgency increased the likelihood of gambling. Finally, impulsivity did not moderate the relationship between experience of winning and decision to gamble.

Conclusion
The results suggest that dispositional factors, including impulsive urgency, are implicated in the choice to gamble for social casino gamers following play.
Normative, passionate, or problematic? Identification of adolescent gamer subtypes over time
Authors: Peeters Margot , Koning Ina , Lemmens Jeroen , Eijnden Regina van den 
Published: September 2019

Background and aims
For most youngsters, gaming is a fun and innocent leisure activity. However, some adolescents are prone to develop problematic gaming behavior. It is therefore important to have a comprehensive understanding of psychosocial and game-related characteristics that differentiate highly engaged gamers from problematic gamers. To that end, this study evaluated the stability and consistency of Internet gaming criteria (as suggested by the DSM-5) and psychosocial characteristics in a two-wave longitudinal study including 1928 young adolescents (mean age = 13.3 years, SD = 0.91, 57% boys).

Methods
A confirmatory factor analysis revealed good stability of the Internet gaming disorder (IGD) construct over time. Latent class analyses revealed three classes for boys (recreational, engaged, and problematic) and two classes for girls (recreational and engaged).

Results
Significant differences between classes emerged for problem criteria (conflict and problems in social life), gaming duration, impulsivity, social competence, and attention/hyperactivity. The absence of a problematic gaming class for girls suggests that girls are less likely to develop problematic gaming behavior.

Discussion
The IGD criteria as proposed by the DSM-5 are a helpful tool to identify problematic gamers, although the results of this study suggest that using a strict cut-off point might result in false positives, particularly for boys. Problem criteria appeared to be the most sensitive and specific in identifying the problematic gamer, whereas escapism criteria were the least specific and sensitive. Careful consideration of the current proposed criteria to identify problematic gaming behavior could benefit the research and clinical field.
Lei da Inovação Tecnológica e Lei do Bem: qual o papel efetivo de fomento à inovação e à pesquisa no Brasil?
Authors: Guedes Thamara Jardim Santos , Mário Orientador Poueri Do Carmo 
Published: September 2019

Resumo
Para estimular o P&D por parte das empresas, o Governo brasileiro adotou políticas de incentivo a inovação que englobam, entre outras coisas, o incentivo fiscal previsto na Lei n.º 11.196/2005 (Lei do Bem). Este trabalho buscou verificar os fatores que dificultam o processo de obtenção do incentivo fiscal da inovação tecnológica. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa para identificar os fatores que dificultam as empresas a utilizarem o citado incentivo. Os resultados apontam que a necessidade de investir em controles internos e a obtenção de lucro tributável são os fatores que mais dificultam no processo de utilização do incentivo.
Case report on Plummer Vinson syndrome
Authors: Vanam Chanukya , Thammisetty Durga Prasad 
Published: September 2019

Plummer Vinson syndrome or Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome is a rare disorder is characterized by a triad of iron deficiency anemia, post-cricoid dysphagia and upper oesophageal web. This is a condition that is hypothesized to occur in people with long-term iron-deficiency anemia. It is more prevalent in females than in male patients. This disorder is characterized by iron deficiency anemia, post-cricoid dysphagia and oesophageal webs, symptoms typically progress over a period of six months and often include other systemic effects such as angular cheilitis, glossitis, and spooning of the fingernails. Here we report a case of 38 years female admitted in general medicine female with complaints of breathlessness and tightness of chest relieving after vomiting and had history of anemia, dysphagia insidious in onset and dysphagia associated with solid food over a year on examination patient was found to be gross pallor, angular cheilitis, spoon-shaped nails of fingers and toes. The lab findings were hemoglobin of 7.8 g/dl, serum ferritin levels 7.23 ng/ml, vitamin B12 175.2 pg/ml and upper oesophageal endoscopy revealed oesophageal web in the post-cricoid region. Treatment of Plummer Vinson syndrome includes iron supplementation followed by endotracheal dilation if necessary.
Angola um país de muitas faces: identidade e religiosidade
Authors: Padovani Micheline Tacia de Brito 
Published: September 2019

Utilizando a análise do discurso em Linha Francesa desenvolvida por Dominique Maingueneau, este artigo busca fazer uma análise da obra <em>O planalto e a estepe, </em>de Pepetela, partindo da premissa de que a religiosidade angolana caracteriza-se como muitos olhares discursivos que se cruzam na narrativa. Nos fundamentaremos em Maingueneau (1997, 1998, 2002 e 2004) e Charaudeau (2004 e 2006), Chaves (2003), entre outros. Angola é um país com diferentes aspectos identitários e religiosos que influenciam questões sociais e históricas. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar como o discurso colabora para a construção religiosa na narrativa.
Effect of Metabolite Extract of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus on Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 in Vitro
Authors: Enggar FITRI Loeki , ALKARIMAH Annisa , Wika CAHYONO Alfian , Ngatiril LADY Wahyudha , Tri ENDHARTI Agustina , Yudhinata Brian NUGRAHA Rivo 
Published: September 2019

Background: Malaria eradication has been complicated by the repeated emergence of antimalarial drug resistances. We aimed to determine whether a metabolite extract of Streptomyces hygrocopicus subsp. hygroscopicus could decrease the viability of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 in vitro.
Methods: S. hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus isolates were inoculated and fermented on the ISP4 medium. The fermented S. hygroscopicus was mixed with ethylacetate 1:5 (v/v), and the solvent phase was evaporated. Several concentrations of isolated extract was added to the P. falciparum 3D7 culture containing trophozoite and schizont stages in 24 wells plates when the degree of parasite-infected erythrocytes reached 5%, then incubated for 8 hours. DNA parasite density was measured using flow cytometry, parasite degree and morphology were observed under microscopic by Giemsa-stained smears.
Results: The metabolite extract affected the morphology of almost all of parasite asexual stages. Schizonts and trophozoites failed to grow and appeared damaged with pycnotic cores and loss of cytoplasmic content. At 8 hours there was a significant decrease in DNA parasite density in culture exposed to 2.6 mg/ml and 13 mg/ml (P = 0.002; P = 0.024) of the extract. The degree of parasite-infected erythrocytes was decreased from the beginning of exposure (0.02 mg/ml of the extract). There was a significant inverse correlation between the concentration of extract and the degree of parasite-infected erythrocytes as well as the density of DNA parasite (r = -0.772, P = 0.000; r =-0.753; P =0.000).
Conclusion: Metabolite extract of S. hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus causes morphological damage, decreases the degree of parasite-infected erythrocytes and the DNA density of P. falciparum 3D7 in vitro.
The Perspective of Islamic Law on a Mismatched Object in Online Sales and Purchases Transactions
Authors: Mustikawati Intan Mukarromah , Handono Mardi , Zulaika Emi 
Published: September 2019

Online transaction is a cross-personal action done by two or more parties to reach an agreement. The law of sales and purchases in Islam requires the double coincidence of wants as a measure of transaction validity. However, humans will always find the double coincidence of wants as a remote probability. Therefore, the previous Ulamas set an ijab-qabul as a symbolization of the double coincidence of wants. A qabul is an expression of the handed over of one's ownership rights to a particular party, and vice versa, as well as a sign that both of the parties have agreed on the contract (akad).
Keywords: Online Transactions, Buying and Selling in Islamic Law, Object Mismatches.
Multilevel Strategies and Geological Parameterizations for History Matching Complex Reservoir Models
Authors: Liu Yimin , Durlofsky Louis J. 
Published: September 2019

Summary
In this study, we explore using multilevel derivative-free optimization (DFO) for history matching, with model properties described using principal-component-analysis (PCA) -based parameterization techniques. The parameterizations applied in this work are optimization-based PCA (O-PCA) and convolutional-neural-network (CNN) -based PCA (CNN-PCA). The latter, which derives from recent developments in deep learning, is able to accurately represent models characterized by multipoint spatial statistics. Mesh adaptive direct search (MADS), a pattern-search method that parallelizes naturally, is applied for the optimizations required to generate posterior (history-matched) models. The use of PCA-based parameterization considerably reduces the number of variables that must be determined during history matching (because the dimension of the parameterization is much smaller than the number of gridblocks in the model), but the optimization problem can still be computationally demanding. The multilevel strategy introduced here addresses this issue by reducing the number of simulations that must be performed at each MADS iteration. Specifically, the PCA coefficients (which are the optimization variables after parameterization) are determined in groups, at multiple levels, rather than all at once. Numerical results are presented for 2D cases, involving channelized systems (with binary and bimodal permeability distributions) and a deltaic-fan system using O-PCA and CNN-PCA parameterizations. O-PCA is effective when sufficient conditioning (hard) data are available, but it can lead to geomodels that are inconsistent with the training image when these data are scarce or nonexistent. CNN-PCA, by contrast, can provide accurate geomodels that contain realistic features even in the absence of hard data. History-matching results demonstrate that substantial uncertainty reduction is achieved in all cases considered, and that the multilevel strategy is effective in reducing the number of simulations required. It is important to note that the parameterizations discussed here can be used with a wide range of history-matching procedures (including ensemble methods), and that other derivative-free optimization methods can be readily applied within the multilevel framework.
Investigation of Shale-Gas-Production Behavior: Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Physics on the Matrix
Authors: Jia Bao , Tsau Jyun-Syung , Barati Reza 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Shale gas is a major component of natural-gas supply in the United States. Multistage-fractured horizontal wells significantly improve the production performance of ultralow-permeability shale-gas reservoirs. Researchers have believed that shale-gas-production simulations should take into account the complex-flow behaviors in both fractures and the matrix. However, multiple physics applied on the matrix are generally incomplete in previous studies. In this study, we considered the comprehensive physics that occurred in the matrix including the effective stress, slip flow/pore diffusion, adsorption/desorption, and surface diffusion, as well as the dynamic properties of fractures. We investigated the importance of these features of the physics separately and in an integrated fashion by step-by-step production simulations. Afterward, comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed with regard to stress dependency of the matrix and fractures. This work shows that natural-fracture spacing is the most prominent factor affecting shale-gas-reservoir performance. The work highlights the importance to gas recovery of mechanical squeezing of the pore volume by the effective stress. Surface diffusion might be essential for gas recovery that depends on surface-diffusivity values. Slip flow and pore diffusion do not significantly contribute to gas recovery even though they increase gas apparent permeability under low pressures.