bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutron skin and its effects in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Ding Meng-Qi , Fang De-Qing , Ma Yu-Gang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeutron skin is an exotic phenomenon that occurs in unstable nuclei. In this study, the various effects of the neutron skin on nuclear reactions and their relationship with the properties of nuclear structures are reviewed. Based on numerous studies using theoretical models, strong correlations have been found between the neutron skin thickness and the neutron removal cross section, neutron/proton yield ratio, $$\hbox {t}/{^3\hbox {He}}$$

t
/

3

He

yield ratio, neutron–proton momentum difference, isoscaling parameter, photon production, reaction cross sections for neutron-induced reactions, charge-changing cross-sectional differences of mirror nuclei, astrophysical S-factor, and other quantities in nuclear reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei. Moreover, the relationships between the neutron skin thickness and certain properties of the nuclear structure, such as $$\alpha$$
α
-cluster formation, $$\alpha$$
α
decay, nuclear surface, nuclear temperature, and proton radii difference of mirror nuclei, have also been investigated. Furthermore, it has also been shown that the neutron skin plays a crucial role in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Experimentally, an unstable nucleus with a neutron skin can be generated by radioactive nuclear beam facilities, and the thickness of the neutron skin can be extracted by measuring the sensitive probes, which further helps impose stringent constraints on the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter and the properties of neutron stars.
Norm Contestation in the BHR Field—The Role of Corporate Actors as Entrepreneurs, Antipreneurs, and Saboteurs
Authors: Ogunranti Akinwumi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe quest for corporate accountability remains unabated in the business and human rights (BHR) field. This paper examines the role of multinational corporations (MNCs) and Business Interest Associations (BIA) as entrepreneurs, antipreneurs and saboteurs in setting human rights standards. Through this conceptualization, this paper argues that corporate accountability remains elusive because of corporate actors’ normative power and influence in the BHR norm contestation. It attributes corporate actors’ influence in the norm contestation to the UN multistakeholder design that sees nonstate actors as partners and stakeholders in setting global human rights standards. This article then argues that to force a norm change in the BHR field, there is a need to rethink the BHR governance model. Corporate actors must be reconceptualized as ‘regulated individuals’ during norm discussions and standard-setting processes.
Product family engineering along the life cycle – research aspects to cope with variability in advanced systems
Authors: Berschik Markus Christian , Zuefle Marc , Laukotka Fabian Niklas , Krause Dieter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The evolutionary development of advanced systems (AS) leads to a necessary rethinking of how they can be supported methodically and in terms of processes in product development. Advanced systems engineering (ASE) offers a novel and holistically adaptive approach to facing such challenges in a structured way. However, many of the ASE use cases relate to the development of systems as products, product networks or individual projects. The additional consideration of entire modular product families within AS offers a further decisive advantage for companies, organisations and the people in ASE. By considering modular product families along the entire life cycle in a product family engineering (PFE), the approaches of ASE can bring their impact and potential to additional system levels occurring when considering product families. The systems, which become complex through variety and collaboration, are broken down into their system elements in a structured way and prepared for a common interdisciplinary understanding, as conveyed by ASE. In this paper, the PFE is presented in excerpts using examples of various aspects and points in time of the product’s life as a complementary approach for ASE.
The Role of Pan-African Ideology in Ethnic Power Sharing
Authors: Beiser-McGrath Janina , Erkiletian Sam , Metternich Nils W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhat are the conditions under which governments form more ethnically inclusive coalitions? Previous contributions highlight strategic incentives as well as colonial and precolonial legacies as determinants of ethnically inclusive government coalitions but overlook the impact of political mobilization during the decolonization period. We argue that ideological exposure and commitment to the Pan-African anticolonial movement played a vital role in African leaders’ decisions to share power with other ethnic communities. We leverage novel data on African government leaders’ attendance at decolonization-era Pan-African conferences through a unique collection of conference delegate lists. Accounting for rival mechanisms, we find that African political elites who attended Pan-African conferences formed ethnically more inclusive government coalitions when they became government leaders. Our findings imply that the ideological influence and commitment signaled by conference attendance affected political leaders’ approach to form more inclusive governments and that ethnic coalitions have systematically unexplored legacies in the Pan-African decolonization movement.
Nakoda Oyáde Ománi Agíktųža: Adapting the Canadian Indigenous Cognitive Assessment in a Nakoda First Nation Community
Authors: Rowat Julia , Akan Nicole , Furlano Joyla , Ferrow Letebrhan , Ashdohonk Felix , Smith Diane , Ryder Karen , O’Watch Theresa , Boehme Gail , Walker Jennifer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Increasing rates of dementia in First Nations populations require culturally grounded approaches to dementia diagnosis and care. To respond to the need for a culturally appropriate cognitive assessment tool, a national team of health services researchers and community partners, guided by a Nakoda Advisory Group, aimed to adapt the Canadian Indigenous Cognitive Assessment tool for a Nakoda First Nation in Carry the Kettle First Nation, Saskatchewan, Canada. The adaptation of the CICA for a Nakoda First Nation community resulted in a slightly modified version of the CICA signalling that the CICA requires minimal adaptation to be used in different First Nations contexts.
Contextual frequency effects in children’s phonetic variation: The case of Spanish word-initial /d/
Authors: Lease Sarah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Language variation is demonstrably affected by accumulated experiences reflecting the consequences of the contexts in which words are most frequently used. Yet, these contextual frequency effects are seldom explored in children’s speech. This study uses a corpus-based approach to investigate how 29 Spanish-speaking children, aged 5–15, realize word-initial Spanish /d/ as a function of accumulated experiences with /d/-initial words in articulatory contexts that promote reduction. Contextual frequency effects are also examined in 12 Spanish-speaking adults from the children’s community. Cumulative experience is estimated as the form’s frequency of occurrence in a specific context that promotes a specific variant. Results reveal contextual frequency effects in both the child and adult data. Moreover, the extent of the contextual frequency effect is comparable across generations.
Subnational Roads to National Success? Decentralization and the Rise of Populist Parties in Europe
Authors: Cabeza Pérez Laura 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rise of populist parties in Europe has generated an enormous amount of academic literature. Previous research has thoroughly examined the factors contributing to the electoral success of populist parties. Surprisingly, very little attention has been paid to the role of decentralization, one of the most widespread forms of governance in the world. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a theoretical and empirical account of the effect of decentralization on the electoral fortunes of populist parties in Europe. Using aggregated data from election results in 30 European countries, this paper puts competing hypotheses to the test. I argue that the mechanism linking decentralization and populist parties’ national election results is, in fact, indirect and depends on the existence of a regional tier of government. Results suggest that having representation in subnational parliaments plays a significant role in the national success of populist parties, and this effect is contingent on the degree of regional authority.
Rechtsextremismus – Eine Bedrohung für die Pflege
Authors: Krause Petra , Postel Sandra 
Published: November 2024

Was ist zu diesem Thema bereits bekannt? Rechtsextremismus stellt eine wachsende Gefahr für die gesellschaftliche Integration und Sicherheit dar. In der Pflege ist die Vielfalt an Nationalitäten und Kulturen besonders ausgeprägt. Wie wird eine neue Perspektive eingebracht? Der Artikel betont die besondere Rolle der Pflegefachpersonen als Bollwerk gegen Extremismus und fordert die aktive Teilnahme an demokratischen Prozessen. Was sind die Auswirkungen für die Praxis? Führungskräfte und Pflegefachpersonen müssen proaktiv gegen Diskriminierung und für Inklusion eintreten. Die Teilnahme an Wahlen wird als wichtiger Schritt gegen die Ausbreitung rechtsextremer Ideologien hervorgehoben.
Pollution Source Detection With Low‐Cost Low‐Accuracy Sensors Through Coupling Forward Data Assimilation and Inverse Optimization
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhu Zhe , Li Yu , Du Erhu , Sun Yan , Liu Zhihong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractData uncertainty affects the accuracy of pollution source detection (PSD), particularly in the background of low‐cost water quality sensing and low‐accuracy data challenge. This study aims to develop a novel PSD method to use low‐accuracy sensor data, namely, the method of coupled forward data Assimilation and inverse Optimization in PSD (A&O‐PSD). This approach primarily employs filtering strategies to handle observation errors and extract hidden trend information during forward water quality data assimilation, and then optimal estimation of pollution source information through inverse optimization with enhanced trend information matching, avoiding the non‐Gaussian distribution challenge of pollution source information. Both real‐world pollution events and semi‐synthetic cases were used to evaluate the methodology and compare its performance with the traditional optimization approach (T‐PSD). The results indicated that T‐PSD is significantly affected by observational and parameter noise, engendering noticeable biases in PSD under the low‐accuracy sensor conditions. In contrast, the A&O‐PSD could accomplish the estimation task of PSD in real‐world pollution events, with improved robustness against noise interference. Furthermore, A&O‐PSD achieved an accuracy improvement of over 10% compared to T‐PSD in estimating pollution source locations within the typical noise distribution range of most low‐accuracy sensors currently available, making it possible to use low‐accuracy data that would otherwise be unusable in T‐PSD. Overall, the A&O‐PSD method, combined with low‐cost low‐accuracy water quality sensing, offers an effective solution for watershed environmental management.
An Assessment of Subseasonal Prediction Skill of the Antarctic Sea Ice Edge
Authors: Gao Yuchun , Xiu Yongwu , Nie Yafei , Luo Hao , Yang Qinghua , Zampieri Lorenzo , Lv Xianqing , Uotila Petteri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, the subseasonal Antarctic sea ice edge prediction skill of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) projects was evaluated by a probabilistic metric, the spatial probability score (SPS). Both projects provide subseasonal to seasonal scale forecasts of multiple coupled dynamical systems. We found that predictions by individual dynamical systems remain skillful for up to 38 days (i.e., the ECMWF system). Regionally, dynamical systems are better at predicting the sea ice edge in the West Antarctic than in the East Antarctic. However, the seasonal variations of the prediction skill are partly system‐dependent as some systems have a freezing‐season bias, some had a melting‐season bias, and some had a season‐independent bias. Further analysis reveals that the model initialization is the crucial prerequisite for skillful subseasonal sea ice prediction. For those systems with the most realistic initialization, the model physics dictates the propagation of initialization errors and, consequently, the temporal length of predictive skill. Additionally, we found that the SPS‐characterized prediction skill could be improved by increasing the ensemble size to gain a more realistic ensemble spread. Based on the C3S systems, we constructed a multi‐model forecast from the above principles. This forecast consistently demonstrated a superior prediction skill compared to individual dynamical systems or statistical observation‐based benchmarks. In summary, our results elucidate the most important factors (i.e., the model initialization and the model physics) affecting the currently available subseasonal Antarctic sea ice prediction systems and highlighting the opportunities to improve them significantly.
Simulation of the Changing Insolation‐Precipitation Relationship Over East Asia During the Holocene
Authors: Shi Jian , Zhou Fang , Ma Qiyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough summer insolation decreased continuously throughout the Holocene, geological evidence suggests that precipitation over North and South China exhibited out‐of‐phase variations before the middle Holocene, followed by in‐phase variations afterward. This proxy‐based altered relationship between insolation and East Asian precipitation is also obvious in an accelerated transient Holocene experiment. The simulation indicates that the East Asian summer monsoon strength directly responds to the insolation change, failing to explain the varying insolation‐precipitation relationship. However, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) can modulate the moisture transport over East Asia, playing a crucial role in shaping the precipitation response to insolation. During the Holocene, the position and intensity of WPSH are determined not only by changes in insolation but also by changes in its meridional gradient, which could explain the shift in the insolation‐precipitation relationship around the middle Holocene. This conclusion provides a possible mechanism for the asynchronous Holocene optimum of East Asian precipitation.
Neurodevelopmental follow-up care pathways and processes for children with congenital heart disease in Australia
Authors: Abell Bridget , Rodwell David , Eagleson Karen J. , Auld Ben , Bora Samudragupta , Kasparian Nadine A. , Justo Robert , Parsonage William , McPhail Steven M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
International consensus exists for neurodevelopmental follow-up care of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) to support timely intervention for developmental delays. Yet, documentation of how this care is implemented in Australia is lacking. This study aimed to identify, categorise, and understand care pathways and services supporting neurodevelopmental follow-up of Australian children with CHD.

Methods
A qualitative study, using semi-structured virtual interviews with healthcare professionals across Australia involved in neurodevelopmental care of children with CHD (n = 52) was conducted. Data was analysed using a rapid qualitative approach including structured templates, data reduction, and inductive-deductive analysis of matrices to synthesise data.

Results
Most neurodevelopmental follow-up was delivered as pathways through existing healthcare services rather than centre-based cardiac programmes. Service availability and accessibility varied across the country. Community-based primary care services, paediatric clinics, child development services, neonatal follow-up programmes, and allied health providers were commonly accessed pathway components. However, participants reported a lack of formal structures to coordinate care pathways.

Conclusions
The study identifies how cardiac neurodevelopmental follow-up in Australia can be embedded into existing services and adapted to meet local needs and contexts. Future approaches will benefit from integrating, leveraging, and growing existing services, although adoption of new models may be needed.

Impact

This study found neurodevelopmental follow-up care for children with CHD in Australia to be delivered as pathways through existing services rather than the centre-based cardiac follow-up programmes common in North America.

Our study describes alternate options, including providers in community settings, that can be used for follow-up care delivery and how these can adapted to local context.

Future approaches will benefit from integrating, leveraging, and growing existing services, although adoption of new models may be needed. Greater systematic coordination of care pathways is still required to optimise service delivery, inform planning, and support implementation of national standards of care.
Determination of the inhomogeneous deswelling of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) microgels by combining dynamic light scattering, high-speed atomic force microscopy, and electrophoresis
Authors: Nishizawa Yuichiro , Inui Takumi , Uchihashi Takayuki , Suzuki Daisuke 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPoly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) microgels with a uniform size of approximately 250 nm in their swollen state were synthesized via aqueous free-radical precipitation polymerization. The electrodynamic phenomena of the microgels were analyzed quantitatively using Ohshima’s equation, which explains the electrodynamic phenomena of natural and artificial soft colloids. The thermoresponsive deswelling of the microgels with increasing temperature was investigated by combining electrophoresis with dynamic light scattering and high-speed atomic force microscopy. Based on the obtained results, a plausible mechanism for the structural change during microgel deswelling is proposed, in which the core dwells first and the outermost surface dwells last.
Free 25(OH)D3 levels in follicular ovarian fluid top-quality embryos are higher than non-top-quality embryos in the normoresponders group
Authors: Putri Susilo Artha Falentin , Syam Hanom Husni , Bayuaji Hartanto , Rachmawati Anita , Halim Binarwan , Permadi Wiryawan , Djuwantono Tono 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVitamin D and calcium in follicular fluid play an important role in modulating steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and oocyte quality determination. Both collaborate to produce top-quality embryos (TQE) during in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this study, we compared free 25(OH)D3 and calcium levels in follicular fluid between TQE and non-TQE groups. This cross-sectional study included women who underwent IVF procedures at tertiary hospitals in Bandung, Indonesia. Ovarian follicular fluid was collected during the ovum pick-up procedure. The examination of 25(OH)D3 levels, vitamin d-binding protein, and calcium in the follicles was done using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Free 25(OH)D3 levels were calculated using the Vermeulen formula. A total of 173 samples met the study criteria, including 86 subjects in the TQE group and 87 subjects in the non-TQE group. There was a significant difference in free 25(OH)D3 follicular fluid levels between the TQE and non-TQE groups (p = 0.017); however, there was no significant difference in calcium levels between the two groups (p = 0.805). We also found that there was a significant association between free 25(OH)D3 follicular fluid levels and embryo quality (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.46–6.38; p-value = 0.002); however, there was no significant association between follicular fluid calcium and embryo quality [p = 0.144 and OR, 1.74 (95% CI 0.82–3.68)]. The results suggest that free 25(OH)D3 and calcium in the follicular fluid act independently during steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, and fertilization.
Influence of thermal-cycling or staining medium on the surface properties and color stability of conventional, milled, and 3D-printed base materials
Authors: Zhang Ruo-Jin , Zhao Lan , Yu Lu-Xiang , Tan Fa-Bing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe study of denture base resin fabricated by digital technology with surface properties or color stability remains limited. In this study, thermal cycling and staining media (distilled water, artificial saliva, green tea, and Coca-Cola) immersion were used to simulate the intraoral environment to assess the surface properties and color stability of CAD/CAM (milled) and 3D-printed base resin materials, the conventionally polymerized base served as the control group. After thermal cycling, all groups showed increased surface roughness, contact angle (i.e. hydrophilicity) and color difference (∆E), the 3D-printed group had the most significant increase among the 3 groups (P<0.001). While there were no significant difference (or the difference is very small) between the conventional and milled groups. After 7 and 30 days of immersion in four staining media, the ∆E values remained highest in the 3D-printed group (∆E ≥ 3.34) (P<0.001), exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold (∆E = 2.7) at 30 days. Additionally, all groups showed significantly higher ∆E values after 30 days compared to 7 days (P<0.05). The 3D-printed group exhibited a rougher surface, poorer hydrophilicity, and reduced color stability compared to the conventional or milled groups, indicating that further improvements are needed before clinical application.
Statistical design approach enables optimised mechanical lysis for enhanced long-read soil metagenomics
Authors: Barber Daniel G. , Child Harry T. , Joslin Gabrielle R. , Wierzbicki Lucy , Tennant Richard K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetagenomic analysis has enabled insights into soil community structure and dynamics. Long-read sequencing for metagenomics can enhance microbial ecology by improving taxonomic classification, genome assembly, and functional annotation. However, protocols for purifying high-molecular weight DNA from soil are not yet optimised. We used a statistical design of experiments approach to enhance mechanical lysis of soil samples, increasing the length of purified DNA fragments. Low energy input into mechanical lysis improved DNA integrity, resulting in longer sequenced reads. Our optimized settings of 4 m s−1 for 10 s increased fragment length by 70% compared to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Longer reads from low intensity lysis produced longer contiguous sequences after assembly, potentially improving a range of down-stream analyses. Importantly, there was minimal bias exhibited in the microbial community composition due to lysis efficiency variations. We therefore propose a framework for improving the fragment lengths of DNA purified from diverse soil types, improving soil science research with long-read sequencing.