bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations in the cystic fibrosis lung lose susceptibility to newly applied β-lactams within 3 days
Authors: Tueffers Leif , Barbosa Camilo , Bobis Ingrid , Schubert Sabine , Höppner Marc , Rühlemann Malte , Franke Andre , Rosenstiel Philip , Friedrichs Anette , Krenz-Weinreich Annegret , Fickenscher Helmut , Bewig Burkhard , Schreiber Stefan , Schulenburg Hinrich 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic pulmonary infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa require frequent intravenous antibiotic treatment in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance is common in these patients, which to date has been investigated at long-term intervals only.ObjectivesTo investigate under close to real-time conditions the dynamics of the response by P. aeruginosa to a single course of antibiotic therapy and the potentially associated rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the impact on the airway microbiome.MethodsWe investigated a cohort of adult CF patients that were treated with a single course of antimicrobial combination therapy. Using daily sampling during treatment, we quantified the expression of resistance by P. aeruginosa (median of six isolates per daily sample, 347 isolates in total), measured bacterial load by P. aeruginosa-specific quantitative PCR and characterized the airway microbiome with a 16S rRNA-based approach. WGS was performed to reconstruct intrapatient strain phylogenies.ResultsIn two patients, we found rapid and large increases in resistance to meropenem and ceftazidime. Phylogenetic reconstruction of strain relationships revealed that resistance shifts are probably due to de novo evolution and/or the selection of resistant subpopulations. We observed high interindividual variation in the reduction of bacterial load, microbiome composition and antibiotic resistance.ConclusionsWe show that CF-associated P. aeruginosa populations can quickly respond to antibiotic therapy and that responses are patient specific. Thus, resistance evolution can be a direct consequence of treatment, and drug efficacy can be lost much faster than usually assumed. The consideration of these patient-specific rapid resistance shifts can help to improve treatment of CF-associated infections, for example by deeper sampling of bacteria for diagnostics, repeated monitoring of pathogen susceptibility and switching between drugs.
RAPID COMMUNICATION: Differential skeletal muscle mitochondrial characteristics of weanling racing-bred horses1
Authors: Latham Christine M , Fenger Clara K , White Sarah H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Responses of equine skeletal muscle characteristics to growth and training have been shown to differ between breeds. These differential responses may arise in part because muscle fiber type and mitochondrial density differ between breeds, even in untrained racing-bred horses. However, it is not known when these breed-specific differences manifest. To test the hypothesis that weanling Standardbreds (SB) and Thoroughbreds (TB) would have higher mitochondrial measures than Quarter Horses (QH), gluteus medius samples were collected from SB (mean ± SD; 6.2 ± 1.0 mo; n = 10), TB (6.1 ± 0.5 mo; n = 12), and QH (7.4 ± 0.6 mo; n = 10). Citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activities were assessed as markers of mitochondrial density and function, respectively. Mitochondrial oxidative (P) and electron transport system (E) capacities were assessed by high-resolution respirometry (HRR). Data for CCO and HRR are expressed as integrated (per mg protein and per mg tissue wet weight, respectively) and intrinsic (per unit CS). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS v 9.4 with breed as a fixed effect. Mitochondrial density (CS) was higher for SB and TB than QH (P ≤ 0.0007). Mitochondrial function (integrated and intrinsic CCO) was higher in TB and QH than SB (P ≤ 0.01). Integrated CCO was also higher in TB than QH (P &lt; 0.0001). However, SB had higher integrated maximum P (PCI+II) and E (ECI+II) than QH (P ≤ 0.02) and greater integrated and intrinsic complex II-supported E (ECII) than both QH and TB (P ≤ 0.02), whereas TB exhibited higher integrated P with complex I substrates (PCI) than SB and QH (P ≤ 0.003) and higher integrated PCI+II and ECI+II than QH (P ≤ 0.02). In agreement, TB and QH had higher contribution of complex I (CI) to max E than SB (P ≤ 0.001), whereas SB had higher contribution of CII than QH and TB (P ≤ 0.002). Despite having higher mitochondrial density than QH and TB, SB showed lower CCO activity and differences in contribution of complexes to oxidative and electron transport system capacities. Breed differences in mitochondrial parameters are present early in life and should be considered when developing feeding, training, medication, and management practices.
Entomology in the 21st Century: Tackling Insect Invasions, Promoting Advancements in Technology, and Using Effective Science Communication—2018 Student Debates
Authors: Parker Casey , Bernaola Lina , Lee Benjamin W , Elmquist Dane , Cohen Abigail , Marshall Adrian , Hepler James , Pekarcik Adrian , Justus Emily , King Kendall , Lee Tae-Young , Esquivel Carlos , Hauri Kayleigh , McCullough Christopher , Hadden Whitney , Ragozzino Max , Roth Morgan , Villegas James , Kraus Emily , Becker Michael , Mulcahy Megan , Chen Rui , Mittapelly Priyanka , Clem C Scott , Skinner Rachel , Josek Tanya , Pearlstein Daniel , Tetlie Jonathan , Tran Anh , Auletta Anthony , Benkert Edwin , Tussey Dylan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The 2018 student debates of the Entomological Society of America were held at the Joint Annual Meeting for the Entomological Societies of America, Canada, and British Columbia in Vancouver, BC. Three unbiased introductory speakers and six debate teams discussed and debated topics under the theme ‘Entomology in the 21st Century: Tackling Insect Invasions, Promoting Advancements in Technology, and Using Effective Science Communication’. This year’s debate topics included: 1) What is the most harmful invasive insect species in the world? 2) How can scientists diffuse the stigma or scare factor surrounding issues that become controversial such as genetically modified organisms, agricultural biotechnological developments, or pesticide chemicals? 3) What new/emerging technologies have the potential to revolutionize entomology (other than Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)? Introductory speakers and debate teams spent approximately 9 mo preparing their statements and arguments and had the opportunity to share this at the Joint Annual Meeting with an engaged audience.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection: case report and literature review
Authors: Bahabri Saeed , Al Rikabi Ammar C , Alshammari Amjad O , Alturkestany Sara I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is rare and life threatening syndrome. There are only a few reported cases of HLH with GI symptoms. We describe the case of an 18 months old boy who presented with a history of fever for 40 days, abdominal distention and hepatosplenomegaly. Abdominal x-ray showed a pneumoperitoneum. Urgent laparotomy was done which revealed an isolated cecal perforation. The histopathological findings in the subsequent resected bowel was HLH with evidence of positive EBV Barr infection.
Mapping migration studies: An empirical analysis of the coming of age of a research field
Authors: Pisarevskaya Asya , Levy Nathan , Scholten Peter , Jansen Joost 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Migration studies have developed rapidly as a research field over the past decades. This article provides an empirical analysis not only on the development in volume and the internationalization of the field, but also on the development in terms of topical focus within migration studies over the past three decades. To capture volume, internationalisation, and topic focus, our analysis involves a computer-based topic modelling of the landscape of migration studies. Rather than a linear growth path towards an increasingly diversified and fragmented field, as suggested in the literature, this reveals a more complex path of coming of age of migration studies. Although there seems to be even an accelerated growth for migration studies in terms of volume, its internationalisation proceeds only slowly. Furthermore, our analysis shows that rather than a growth of diversification of topics within migration topic, we see a shift between various topics within the field. Finally, our study shows that there is no consistent trend to more fragmentation in the field; in contrast, it reveals a recent recovery of connectedness between the topics in the field, suggesting an institutionalisation or even theoretical and conceptual coming of age of migration studies.
High-velocity H i jet-like feature towards the SNR candidate G351.7–1.2
Authors: Veena V S , Vig Sarita , Roy Nirupam , Roy Jayanta 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We present the H i 21 cm spectral line and continuum observations of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) candidate G351.7–1.2 using the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope. Strong absorption features are observed towards the H ii regions in the star-forming complex associated with G351.7–1.2. Along with H i emission towards the outer periphery of the SNR shell, we distinguish a high-velocity jet-like feature in the velocity range +40 to +52 km s−1 in H i. This unusual and highly collimated feature, with a projected length of ∼7 pc and an opening angle of 14.4°, is located towards the interior of the radio shell. This is the first report of a well collimated H i jet-like emission. The peculiar location and the detection of a γ-ray source towards the central peak of this H i jet suggests its plausible association with the SNR candidate.
An assessment ofRaphitomaand allied genera (Neogastropoda: Raphitomidae)
Authors: Fassio Giulia , Russini Valeria , Pusateri Francesco , Giannuzzi-Savelli Riccardo , Høisæter Tore , Puillandre Nicolas , Modica Maria Vittoria , Oliverio Marco 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe systematics of several Eastern Atlantic conoidean species, traditionally ascribed to the genus RaphitomaBellardi, 1847, are revised on the basis of DNA sequence data from three gene regions (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA). We assign genus ranking to three major lineages (Raphitoma, CyrilliaKobelt, 1905 and LeufroyiaMonterosato, 1884) and suggest that two West African species belong in the subgenus Daphnella (Paradaphne) Laseron, 1954. A new classification, based on molecular systematics and critical study of morphology, is provided for all Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean species that are currently ascribed to Raphitoma s.l. The genus ClathromangeliaMonterosato, 1884 is confirmed as belonging to Raphitomidae. Phylogenetic relationships and genetic distances suggest that Raphitoma maculosaHøisæter, 2016 and R. obesaHøisæter, 2016 may be divergent morphotypes of R. bicolor (Risso, 1826) and Cyrillia aequalis (Jeffreys, 1867), respectively.
On the systematics and ecology of two new species ofProvanna(Gastropoda: Provannidae) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Caribbean Sea and Southern Ocean
Authors: Linse Katrin , Nye Verity , Copley Jonathan T , Chen Chong 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe recent discovery and exploration of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields in the Mid-Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean Sea (Beebe Vent Field, 4956–4972 m depth) and the East Scotia Ridge, Southern Ocean (E2 and E9 vent fields, 2394–2641 m depth) have yielded extensive collections of two new provannid species, Provanna beebei n. sp. and P. cooki n. sp. Morphological and molecular taxonomy (530 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene) confirm P. beebei n. sp. and P. cooki n. sp. as distinct species; these species are formally described, and details are provided of their distribution, habitat and species associations. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses support the placement of P. beebei n. sp. and P. cooki n. sp within the genus Provanna and show that these two new deep-sea species form a well-supported clade with the abyssal West Pacific P. cingulata. Provanna beebei n. sp. and P. cooki n. sp. represent the first records of Provanna from hydrothermal vents in the Caribbean Sea and Southern Ocean, respectively, and extend the known geographic range of the genus. For the first time, intraspecific phenotypic variation in size and sculpture has been reported for Provanna. At the East Scotia Ridge, shell-size frequency distributions and median shell size of P. cooki n. sp. varied significantly between the E2 and E9 vent fields, as well as between diffuse flow and high-temperature venting habitats within each field. The variation in shell sculpture in relation to habitat was also observed in P. cooki n. sp.
Nucleotide excision repair of abasic DNA lesions
Authors: Kitsera Nataliya , Rodriguez-Alvarez Marta , Emmert Steffen , Carell Thomas , Khobta Andriy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractApurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are a class of highly mutagenic and toxic DNA lesions arising in the genome from a number of exogenous and endogenous sources. Repair of AP lesions takes place predominantly by the base excision pathway (BER). However, among chemically heterogeneous AP lesions formed in DNA, some are resistant to the endonuclease APE1 and thus refractory to BER. Here, we employed two types of reporter constructs accommodating synthetic APE1-resistant AP lesions to investigate the auxiliary repair mechanisms in human cells. By combined analyses of recovery of the transcription rate and suppression of transcriptional mutagenesis at specifically positioned AP lesions, we demonstrate that nucleotide excision repair pathway (NER) efficiently removes BER-resistant AP lesions and significantly enhances the repair of APE1-sensitive ones. Our results further indicate that core NER components XPA and XPF are equally required and that both global genome (GG-NER) and transcription coupled (TC-NER) subpathways contribute to the repair.
Valvular heart disease and calcification in CKD: more common than appreciated
Authors: Ureña-Torres Pablo , D’Marco Luis , Raggi Paolo , García–Moll Xavier , Brandenburg Vincent , Mazzaferro Sandro , Lieber Ari , Guirado Lluis , Bover Jordi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIschaemic heart disease, sudden cardiac death and arrhythmias, heart failure, stroke and peripheral arterial disease make up &gt;50% of the causes of death in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Calcification of the vascular tree and heart valves is partially related to these complications and has received growing attention in the literature. However, the main focus of research has been on the pathophysiology and consequences of vascular calcification, with less attention being paid to valvular calcification (VC) and its impact on the survival of CKD patients. Although VC has long been seen as an age-related degenerative disorder with minimal functional impact, several studies proved that it carries an increased risk of death and clinical consequences different from those of vascular calcification. In dialysis patients, the annual incidence of aortic valve calcification is nearly 3.3% and the reported prevalence of aortic and mitral VC varies between 25% and 59%. Moreover, calcification of both valves occurs 10–20 years earlier in CKD patients compared with the general population. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the pathophysiology and relevance of VC in CKD patients, and to highlight specific clinical consequences and potential therapeutic implications.
Potential Moderating Effects of Sex/Gender on the Acute Relative Reinforcing and Subjective Effects of Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Streck Joanna M , Davis Danielle R , Pang Raina D , Sigmon Stacey C , Bunn Janice Y , Bergeria Cecilia L , Tidey Jennifer W , Heil Sarah H , Gaalema Diann E , Hughes John R , Stitzer Maxine L , Reed Ellaina , Higgins Stephen T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Reports in relatively healthy smokers suggest men are more sensitive than women to the subjective effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes (RNCCs). We know of no reports examining sex differences in the relative reinforcing effects of RNCCs, an important outcome in assessing smoking’s addiction potential. The aim of the present study is to address this gap by examining sex/gender differences on reinforcing effects while examining whether sex differences in subjective effects are discernible in vulnerable populations.

Methods
Secondary analysis of a within-subject, double-blinded experiment examining acute effects of cigarettes varying in nicotine content (0.4, 2.4, 5.2, 15.8 mg/g) among 169 adult smokers with psychiatric conditions or socioeconomic disadvantage. Effects of dose, sex, and their interaction were examined on reinforcing (concurrent-choice and Cigarette Purchase Task [CPT] testing), and subjective effects (Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire [CEQ] and craving/withdrawal ratings).

Results
Reducing nicotine content decreased the relative reinforcing effects of smoking in concurrent-choice and CPT testing (p’s &lt; .05) with no significant effects of sex nor dose × sex/gender interactions. Reducing nicotine content decreased CEQ ratings with only a single significant effect of sex (higher Psychological Reward scores among women than men, p = .02) and no significant dose × sex/gender interactions. Results on craving/withdrawal paralleled those on the CEQ.

Conclusions
Reducing nicotine content decreases the addiction potential of smoking independent of sex in populations highly vulnerable to smoking and addiction, with no indication that women are less sensitive to subjective effects of RNCCs or would benefit less from a policy reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes.

Implications
A policy reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes has the potential to reduce the addiction potential of smoking across men and women who are especially vulnerable to smoking, addiction, and tobacco-related adverse health impacts.
Salivary gland involvement disparities in clinical characteristics of IgG4-related disease: a retrospective study of 428 patients
Authors: Liu Yanying , Xue Miao , Wang Zhenfan , Zeng Qiaozhu , Ren Limin , Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Shanshan , Wang Yi , Shen Danhua , Xia Changsheng , Yu Guangyan , Li Zhan-Guo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objectives
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) has recently been recognized as a fibro-inflammatory condition featuring tumefactive lesions in multiple organs, and the salivary gland is one of the most commonly involved sites. We undertook this study to compare detailed demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of IgG4-RD patients with salivary gland lesions (IgG4-RD SG+) and salivary-gland-free IgG4-RD (IgG4-RD SG−) in a large cohort.

Methods
We carried out a retrospective review of the medical records of 428 cases of IgG4-RD diagnosed at Peking University People’s Hospital between March 2006 and May 2018.

Results
Among 428 patients, 249 had salivary glands that were affected. IgG4-RD SG+ patients showed younger age at disease onset and diagnosis, and a longer interval between symptom onset and diagnosis. The IgG4-RD SG+ group involved more female patients, and allergic diseases were more common in this group. In terms of organ involvement, the IgG4-RD SG+ group were more frequently presented with lacrimal gland involvement, while lymph node, retroperitoneal fibrosis, pancreas, biliary system, kidney and aorta were more prominent in the IgG4-RD SG− group. In addition, the serum IgG4 level, IgG4/IgG ratio and IgE level were significantly higher in IgG4-RD SG+ patients. Patients with eosinophilia were more common in the IgG4-RD SG+ group, while elevated ESR, CRP and positive ANA were more common in the IgG4-RD SG− group.

Conclusion
We have revealed demographic, clinical and laboratory differences between IgG4-RD SG+ and SG− patients, which indicated potential differences in pathogenesis and important implications for the diagnosis and management of these two phenotypes.
How Rational and Competitive Is the Market for Mutual Funds?*
Authors: Leippold Markus , Rueegg Roger 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
To explore the rationality and competitiveness of the mutual fund industry, we analyze the alpha of active and index mutual funds from a global sample of more than 60,000 equity and fixed income funds and test the null hypothesis that alphas to investors are zero. We distinguish between institutional and retail investors since there are significant differences in management fees, economies of scale, and information asymmetries between these two groups. Using a new robust statistical test, we cannot reject our null hypothesis for the majority of investment categories. We find that the average active fund has less exposure to traditional risk factors, but higher sensitivity to alternative risk premia. Fund persistence and the impact of size and fees add further support to our conclusion that the mutual fund industry is highly competitive, except for US domestic funds. This set of funds is excessively overfunded compared with other fund categories.
Cardiovascular Disease-Related Serum Proteins in Workers Occupationally Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Alhamdow Ayman , Lindh Christian , Albin Maria , Gustavsson Per , Tinnerberg Håkan , Broberg Karin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChimney sweeps have higher incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD), likely related to their exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In order to identify underlying mechanisms of PAH-related CVD, we here investigated whether PAH exposure was associated with levels of putative CVD-related proteins in serum among currently working chimney sweeps. We enrolled 116 chimney sweeps and 125 unexposed controls, all nonsmoking male workers from Sweden. We measured monohydroxylated PAH metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and a panel of 85 proteins in serum using proximity extension assay. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index showed that 25 proteins were differentially expressed between chimney sweeps and the controls (p < .05, adjusted for false discovery rate). Of the 25 proteins, follistatin (FS), prointerleukin-16 (IL-16), and heat shock protein beta-1 (HSP 27) showed positive associations with the monohydroxylated metabolites of PAH in a dose-response manner (p < .05). Pathway and gene ontology analyses demonstrated that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in inflammatory response and immunological functions, such as leukocyte migration, cell movement of leukocytes, and adhesion of immune cells. In conclusion, we found a number of putative CVD-related proteins differentially expressed, between PAH-exposed and unexposed individuals, and mainly involved in inflammation and immune function. Our data warrant protective measures to reduce PAH exposure and longitudinal investigations of the protein profile in chimney sweeps and other occupational groups exposed to PAH.