bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student nurses’ experiences of restraint − a qualitative study
Authors: Rooney Niamh , Lotto Robyn 
Published: November 2024

Background/Aims Restraint is a complex issue that is associated with multiple legal and ethical challenges. National scandals have highlighted a lack of adequate training among healthcare staff in restraint. While education should start with nurses in training, evidence suggests that the experiences of student nurses in relation to restraint has not been addressed. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of student nurses when encountering restraint. Methods A qualitative methodology was used to investigate student nurse experiences of restraint. Seven semi-structured interviews were undertaken with student nurses in their second (n=3) and third year (n=4) of an undergraduate nursing degree, with a specialism in mental health nursing. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Results Three overarching themes were identified from the data: a ‘clinical–theory gap’, referring to a gap in students’ theoretical learning and clinical placements; ‘learning from each other’, where students felt a need for increased shared learning surrounding restraint; ‘wellbeing’, highlighting a lack of sufficient supportive and timely interventions to appropriately aid student wellbeing after witnessing restraint. Conclusions These findings highlight the need for improved communication between higher education institutions and clinical practice in relation to restraint. Opportunities for debriefs within higher education learning environments should be considered in order to improve student nurses’ wellbeing and experiences of their nursing degree programme.
Assessing healthcare workers’ knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis, management and prevention of Monkeypox
Authors: Ntawuyamara Epipode , Ingabire Thierry , Yandemye Innocent , Ndayikeza Polycarpe , Bhandari Bina , Liang Yan-Hua 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Monkeypox (Mpox), is a disease of global public health concern, as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.
AIM
To assess Burundi healthcare workers (HCWs)s’ level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of Mpox.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed mainly from the World Health Organization course distributed among Burundi HCWs from June-July 2023. The questionnaire comprises 8 socioprofessional-related questions, 22 questions about Mpox disease knowledge, and 3 questions to assess confidence in Mpox diagnosis and management. The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 25.0. A P value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
RESULTS
The study sample comprised 471 HCWs who were mainly medical doctors (63.9%) and nurses (30.1%). None of the 22 questions concerning Mpox knowledge had at least 50% correct responses. A very low number of HCWs (17.4%) knew that Mpox has a vaccine. The confidence level to diagnose (21.20%), treat (18.00%) or prevent (23.30%) Mpox was low among HCWs. The confidence level in the diagnosis of Mpox was associated with the HCWs’ age (P value = 0.009), sex (P value < 0.001), work experience (P value = 0.002), and residence (P value < 0.001). The confidence level to treat Mpox was significantly associated with the HCWs’ age (P value = 0.050), sex (P value < 0.001), education (P value = 0.033) and occupation (P value = 0.005). The confidence level to prevent Mpox was associated with the HCWs’ education (P value < 0.001), work experience (P value = 0.002), residence (P value < 0.001) and type of work institution (P value = 0.003).
CONCLUSION
This study revealed that HCWs have the lowest level of knowledge regarding Mpox and a lack of confidence in the ability to diagnose, treat or prevent it. There is an urgent need to organize continuing medical education programs on Mpox epidemiology and preparedness for Burundi HCWs. We encourage future researchers to assess potential hesitancy toward Mpox vaccination and its associated factors.
Stage IV malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma palliatively treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy: A case report
Authors: Kondo Saori , Suzuki Takashi , Yoshiike Kanato , Yamanaka Sakura , Sonehara Kenta , Nabeshima Hiroshi , Oguchi Osamu 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Malignant transformation (MT) of mature cystic teratoma (MCT) has a poor prognosis, especially in advanced cases. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) has an inhibitory effect on MT.
CASE SUMMARY
Herein, we present a case in which CCRT had a reduction effect preoperatively. A 73-year-old woman with pyelonephritis was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography revealed right hydronephrosis and a 6-cm pelvic mass. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) revealed squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was diagnosed with MT of MCT. Due to her poor general condition and renal malfunction, we selected CCRT, expecting fewer adverse effects. After CCRT, her performance status improved, and the tumor size was reduced; surgery was performed. Five months postoperatively, the patient developed dissemination and lymph node metastases. Palliative chemotherapy was ineffective. She died 18 months after treatment initiation.
CONCLUSION
EUS-FNB was useful in the diagnosis of MT of MCT; CCRT suppressed the disease and improved quality of life.
The Paradox of Connection: How Digital Media Is Transforming Journalistic Labor, Diana Bossio, Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton and Logan Molyneux (2024)
Authors: Murray Richard 
Published: November 2024

Review of: The Paradox of Connection: How Digital Media Is Transforming Journalistic Labor, Diana Bossio, Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Avery E. Holton and Logan Molyneux (2024)
Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 184 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-25204-561-5, cloth, USD 110.00
ISBN 978-0-25208-773-8, p/bk, USD 26.00
ISBN 978-0-25205-527-0, e-book, USD 19.95
SpyBite-Assisted Biliary Cannulation Facilitating Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in the Presence of Intradiverticular Papilla
Authors: Frías-Ordoñez Juan Sebastián , Garzón Olarte Martín Alonso , Hernández-Cely Geovanny 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Biliary cannulation in the context of intradiverticular papilla (IDP) during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) remains a challenge even for experts. A 71-year-old woman with choledocholithiasis failed extrainstitutional ERCP because of the presence of IDP. A new ERCP was performed, identifying papillary orifice at the edge of the diverticulum, biliary cannulation by means of SpyBite and sphincterotome, visualizing intra and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation, proceeding to large balloon bilioplasty with extraction of biliary sludge, with optimal results and without complications. This strategy was effective and safe. It could be recommended for difficult cannulation in the presence of IDP.
The Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Adult Men With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mahmoud Maya , Kawtharany Hassan , Awali Mohamed , Mahmoud Nadine , Mohamed Islam , Syn Wing-Kin 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Sex steroids modulate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) pathobiology. We hypothesized that testosterone treatment (TT) modulates progression of MASLD and performed a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of TT on liver steatosis and fibrosis.

METHODS:
We searched PubMed and Embase from inception until November 2023. We screened 1,489 studies and identified 9 eligible studies. We assessed risk of bias for randomized trials using RoB-2 “Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials,” nonrandomized studies using ROBINS-I tool “Risk of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies—of Interventions,” and Murad's tool for single-arm studies. We pooled estimates using RevMan 5.

RESULTS:
Three randomized controlled trials|, 4 nonrandomized studies, and 2 single-arm studies were identified. The population of interest comprised men with MASLD. TT was administered at varying doses, routes, and frequencies, with follow-up ranging from 12 weeks to 8 years. Liver fibrosis and steatosis were assessed using liver biopsy in 3 studies, CT/MRI in 5, and serum scores in 2. All studies provided evidence of reduction in liver steatosis with TT compared with no TT. In addition, the LiFT (randomized controlled trials) trial demonstrated a resolution of MASLD/ metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and a regression in liver fibrosis. TT led to decrease in liver enzymes. Studies were heterogenous in terms of population characteristics, treatment modalities, endpoints, and follow-up. Adverse events were comparable between the 2 groups.

DISCUSSION:
TT is a promising treatment option for men with MASLD and low testosterone. It may improve liver steatosis and reduce liver fibrosis. Large, double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trials are needed.
Evaluating the antifibrotic potential of naringenin, asiatic acid, and icariin using murine and human precision‐cut liver slices
Authors: Luo Ke , Geng Yana , Oosterhuis Dorenda , de Meijer Vincent E. , Olinga Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiver fibrosis is an exaggerated wound healing response defined by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. This study investigated the antifibrotic potential of naringenin (NRG), asiatic acid (AA), and icariin (ICA) using murine and human precision‐cut liver slices (PCLS). These natural products have shown promise in animal models, but human data are lacking. In this study, PCLS prepared from male mouse liver tissue (mPCLS), healthy human liver tissue (hhPCLS), and cirrhotic human liver tissue (chPCLS) were cultured for 48 h with varying concentrations of the three compounds. Our findings indicate that NRG reduced collagen type 1 (COL1A1) expression in a concentration‐dependent manner in both mPCLS and chPCLS, decreased fibrosis‐related gene expression, and significantly lowered pro‐collagen type 1 (PCOL1A1) levels in the culture medium by 54 ± 21% (mPCLS) and 78 ± 35% (chPCLS). Furthermore, NRG effectively inhibited IL‐1β and TNF‐α in mPCLS and IL‐1β in chPCLS on both gene and protein levels. AA specifically reduced COL1A1 and PCOL1A1 in chPCLS, while ICA selectively downregulated Col1a1 and Acta2 gene expression in mPCLS. This study suggests NRG's potential as an effective antifibrotic agent, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and therapeutic applications in liver fibrosis.
Glück gehabt!
– Die deutschen Bibliotheken nach der Wende – mit einem Ausblick auf die Entwicklung in Europa
Authors: Mittler Elmar 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Nach dem Fall der Mauer 1989 und der Wiedervereinigung mussten zwei völlig unterschiedliche Systeme zusammengeführt werden. Die Transformation ist gelungen, weil die in der DDR-Zeit vernachlässigten Universitätsbibliotheken durch eine zwölfjährige gemeinsame Förderung von Bund und Ländern auf das Niveau westdeutscher Bibliotheken gebracht wurden; darüber hinaus wurden sie mit neuen Bauten leistungsfähig gemacht. Die Umstellung des zentralen Systems der Öffentlichen Bibliotheken der DDR in die Verantwortung der Gemeinden wurde durch Bundesmittel erleichtert. Der Wandel wurde durch die partnerschaftliche Kooperation aller Beteiligten in Ost und West zu einem Erfolg. Abschließend wird ein Blick auf die europäische Entwicklung geworfen. Der Text ist aus der Sicht einer Person geschrieben, die in verschiedenen Positionen aktiv an der Transformation mitgewirkt hat.
Electrochemical dissolution of titanium under alternating current polarization to obtain its dioxide
Authors: Bayeshova Azhar , Bayeshov Abduali , Zhumabay Fatima , Osińska Małgorzata , Łęska Bogusława 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The titanium electrode was polarized under the influence of alternating current (AC) at 50 Hz. The current density was varied between 100 and 5,000 A m−2. Initially, the titanium electrode oxidized, and then, titanium oxides were reduced during the cathodic half-cycle of the AC. When the cathodic half-cycle changes to the anodic half-cycle, titanium is oxidized to the trivalent state:

Ti
−
3
e
̄
→
Ti

3
+

{{\rm{Ti}}-3{\rm{e}}{\rm{&#x0304;}}\to {\rm{Ti}}}^{3+}

. The direction of the AC changes depending on its frequency, causing the processes occurring on the electrodes to be periodically repeated. The current efficiency of the titanium electrode dissolution depends on the sulfuric acid concentration and electrolyte concentration, reaching up to 63.4% under optimal conditions. Bipolar electrodes were used during AC electrolysis. It was found that the decrease in the mass of titanium electrodes increases almost linearly at first, from 400 to 1,600 A m−2, and then more intensively within the current densities from 1,800 to 2,500 A m−2. It was shown that when using a bipolar electrode, the total mass loss of the electrodes is 1.38 times greater than the total mass loss during polarization without a bipolar electrode. The composition of the titanium dioxide obtained as a result of electrolysis was identified using physico-chemical analysis methods.
Nests and resin sources (including propolis) of the naturalized orchid bee Euglossa dilemma (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Florida
Authors: Pemberton Robert W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Orchid bee nests are hidden and cryptic making them difficult to find, which helps protect them from natural enemies. 12 nests of the naturalized orchid bee Euglossa dilemma Bembe & Eltz (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Florida are described, including ten detected from citizen science iNaturalist posted photographs, five of which are used here to show the diversity of nest sites. Five species of plants in Florida, two Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae) and three Clusia (Clusiaceae), have flowers with valuable resin rewards that female E. dilemma collect to construct their nests and brood cells. Here for the first time, E. dilemma is reported to collect the propolis of honey bees. The ability of E. dilemma to make nests in such diverse objects and situations, especially in human-made objects, probably contributes to its success as a colonizing species in Florida, particularly in human habitats. It also reflects the bee’s considerable awareness to perceive potential nesting opportunities in such diverse sites and objects and to find resin sources, as well as the behavioral plasticity to carry out the nest constructions.
EnR: extend and reduce methodology to enable formal verification of truncated adders
Authors: Jha Chandan Kumar , Qayyum Khushboo , Hassan Muhammad , Drechsler Rolf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Truncated adders are widely used in applications where using lower bit-width is enough to generate the desired outputs. Truncated adders give benefits in area, power, and delay as compared to their non-truncated counterparts. While prior works deal with the formal verification of n-bit adders, there is no prior work dealing with the formal verification of unverified m-bit truncated adders using verified n-bit adder designs, where m

<

${< } $

n. In this work, we propose a methodology that enables the verification for any truncated adder designs, irrespective of the architecture, called Extend and Reduce (EnR). EnR uses a three-step methodology to formally verify the truncated adders, which are considered as Design Under Verification (DUV). Firstly, it extends the bit-width of the DUV (truncated adder) to match with the nearest higher 2
n
-bit adder, called an Extended Truncated Adder (ETA). Secondly, it reduces off-the-shelf formally verified golden reference adder design by forcing 0’s at the input bits to match it to the extended DUV design and re-synthesizing it to generate a Reduced Golden Adder (RGA). Lastly, a combinational equivalence check is then performed between the ETA and the RGA for formal verification. If the truncated adder is correct, the ETA and RGA are equivalent and vice versa. We evaluate a number and variety of adder designs to show the efficacy of the EnR methodology. We performed the formal verification using Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) and And-Inverter Graphs (AIGs). Lastly, we show the scalability of EnR methodology using adders up to a bit-width of 512 bits.

ACM CCS
Hardware → Arithmetic and datapath circuits; Combinational circuits; Equivalence checking; Functional verification; Electronic design automation.
Behavior recognition algorithm based on a dual-stream residual convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Dawei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the process of behavior recognition, the recognition operation may be carried out in various environments such as sunny, cloudy, and night. Since traditional recognition algorithms are judged by identifying the pixels of the image, the intensity of the light will affect the image. The brightness and contrast of the display thus interfere with the recognition results. Therefore, traditional algorithms are easily affected by the lighting environment around the recognition object. To improve the accuracy and recognition rate of the behavior recognition algorithm in different lighting environments, a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm using a dual-stream method of time flow and spatial flow is studied here. First, we collect behavioral action data sets and preprocess the data. The core of the behavior recognition algorithm of the dual-stream residual CNN is to use the time stream and the spatial stream to fuse behavioral features and eliminate meaningless data features. After processing Perform feature selection on the data, select the acoustic wave and light-sensing features of the data, and finally, use the extracted features to classify and identify using the two-stream residual CNN and the traditional behavior recognition method. The behavior recognition algorithm based on the dual-stream residual CNN was tested on the data of four groups of people. For the behavioral feature map with a data volume of 50, the behavior recognition algorithm of the dual-stream residual CNN was effective in various environments under different lighting conditions. The recognition accuracy can reach 83.5%, which is 12.3% higher than the traditional. The behavior recognition algorithm of the dual-stream residual CNN takes 17.25 s less than the conventional recognition algorithm. It is concluded that behavior recognition based on dual-stream residual CNNs can indeed improve the recognition accuracy and recognition speed in environments with different lighting conditions than traditional behavior recognition.
Integrated untargeted/targeted metabolomics identifies a putative oxylipin signature in patients with atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease
Authors: Li Lei , Lu Yingyuan , Du Zhiyong , Fang Meng , Wei Ying , Zhang Wenxin , Xu Yisheng , Sun Jiaxu , Zeng Xiangrui , Hu Guomin , Wang Lingli , Jiang Yong , Liu Shuwang , Tang Yida , Yu Haiyi , Tu Pengfei , Guo Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Objective
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) are closely related to metabolic dysregulation. However, the metabolic characteristics of AF patients with concomitant CHD remain unclear. The aims of this study were to elucidate the metabolic profiles of patients with AF and CHD to seek new therapeutic targets and related factors of AF combined with CHD.

Methods
Untargeted metabolomics and targeted oxylipins profiling were performed to characterize the serum metabolome landscape of patients with AF, CHD, and AF comorbid CHD.

Results
The serum metabolic fingerprints of patients with AF comorbid CHD were significantly differentiated from normal controls (NC) and individuals with AF or CHD alone, and the differentiated metabolites dominated by a variety of lipid alterations in the phospholipid and fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, the targeted profiles of oxylipins demonstrated that the levels of arachidonic acid derivatives including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acids, hydroxy-eicostetraenoic acids and hydroxy-eicosatrienoic acids in patients with AF and CHD were significantly different from those in the NC, AF, and CHD groups. Several prostaglandins were positively associated with echocardiographic indicators of myocardial remodeling.

Conclusions
This study updates metabolic insights of AF and CHD and provides potential therapeutic targets for preventing or treating AF comorbid CHD.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease influences blood pressure components, lipid profile and cardiovascular diseases: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wu Qiang , He Changjing , Huang Wanzhong , Song Chaoqun , Hao Xin , Zeng Qing , Lan Dazhi , Su Qiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder associated with a range of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. However, the relationship between GERD and blood pressure components, lipid profile, and cardiovascular diseases remains unclear.

Methods
Leveraging genetic variants associated with GERD as instrumental variables, we performed this Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Blood pressure components, lipid profile parameters, as well as cardiovascular diseases were considered as outcomes. Furthermore, we conducted reverse MR analysis to explore the association of these factors with the risk of GERD.

Results
Our MR analysis discovered a potential causal influence of GERD on blood pressure components, with genetically predicted GERD positively associated with systolic blood pressure (β = 0.053, P = 0.036), diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.100, P < 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (β = 0.106, P < 0.001). Additionally, genetically predicted GERD showed a significant impact on lipid profile, leading to increased genetically predicted levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (β = 0.093, P < 0.001), and triglycerides (β = 0.153, P < 0.001), while having a negative effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (β = -0.115, P = 0.002). Furthermore, our study indicated a noteworthy causal association between genetically predicted GERD and increased risk of myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) = 1.272, P = 0.019)] and hypertension (OR = 1.357, P < 0.001). No significant association was found between GERD and pulse pressure, total cholesterol, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation (P > 0.05). Reverse MR analysis indicates that blood pressure components, lipid profile, and cardiovascular diseases do not lead to an increased risk of GERD (all P > 0.05). Furthermore, mediation MR analysis reveals that LDL cholesterol (proportion mediated: 19.99%, 95% CI: 4.49% to 35.50%), HDL cholesterol (proportion mediated: 11.71%, 95% CI: 5.23% to 18.19%), and hypertension (proportion mediated: 35.09%, 95% CI: 24.66% to 45.53%) mediated the effect of GERD on myocardial infarction, while other factors did not participate in this pathway.

Conclusions
This MR study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between GERD and alterations in blood pressure components, lipid profile, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.