bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the infection ecosystem and biogeography to antibiotic failure in vivo
Authors: Nazeer Rahan Rudland , Askenasy Isabel , Swain Jemima E. V. , Welch Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe acquisition of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, though a deeply concerning international issue, is reasonably well-understood at a mechanistic level. Less well-understood is why bacteria that are sensitive in vitro to well-established and widely-used antibiotics sometimes fail to respond to these agents in vivo. This is a particularly common problem in chronic, polymicrobial infection scenarios. Here, we discuss this in vitro-in vivo disconnect from the perspective of the bacterium, focusing in particular on how infection micro/macro-environment, biogeography, and the presence of co-habiting species affect the response to antibiotics. Using selected exemplars, we also consider interventions that might improve treatment outcomes, as well as ecologically ‘eubiotic’ approaches that have less of an impact on the patient’s commensal microflora. In our view, the accrued data strongly suggest that we need a more comprehensive understanding of the in situ microbiology at infection sites.
Kinesin-like motor protein KIF23 maintains neural stem and progenitor cell pools in the developing cortex
Authors: Naher Sharmin , Iemura Kenji , Miyashita Satoshi , Hoshino Mikio , Tanaka Kozo , Niwa Shinsuke , Tsai Jin-Wu , Kikkawa Takako , Osumi Noriko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Accurate mitotic division of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) is crucial for the coordinated generation of progenitors and mature neurons, which determines cortical size and structure. While mutations in the kinesin-like motor protein KIF23 gene have been recently linked to microcephaly in humans, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we explore the pivotal role of KIF23 in embryonic cortical development. We characterize the dynamic expression of KIF23 in the cortical NSPCs of mice, ferrets, and humans during embryonic neurogenesis. Knockdown of Kif23 in mice results in precocious neurogenesis and neuronal apoptosis, attributed to an accelerated cell cycle exit, likely resulting from disrupted mitotic spindle orientation and impaired cytokinesis. Additionally, KIF23 depletion perturbs the apical surface structure of NSPCs by affecting the localization of apical junction proteins. We further demonstrate that the phenotypes induced by Kif23 knockdown are rescued by introducing wild-type human KIF23, but not by a microcephaly-associated variant. Our findings unveil a previously unexplored role of KIF23 in neural stem and progenitor cell maintenance via regulating spindle orientation and apical structure in addition to cytokinesis, shedding light on microcephaly pathogenesis.
Tracing the Milky Way spiral arms with 26Al
Authors: Vasini A. , Spitoni E. , Matteucci F. , Cescutti G. , Della Valle M. 
Published: December 2024

Context. Massive stars are one of the most important and investigated astrophysical production sites of 26Al, a short-lived radioisotope with an ~1 Myr half-life. Its short lifetime prevents us from observing its complete chemical history, and only the 26Al that was recently produced by massive stars can be observed. Hence, it is considered a tracer of star formation rate (SFR). However, important contributions to 26Al come from nova systems that pollute the interstellar medium with a large delay, thus partly erasing the correlation between 26Al and SFR.
Aims. In this work, we aim to describe the 2D distribution of the mass of 26Al as well as that of massive stars and nova systems in the Milky Way (MW), to investigate their relative contributions to the production of 26Al.
Methods. We used a detailed 2D chemical evolution model where the SFR is azimuthally dependent and is required to reproduce the spiral arm pattern observed in the MW. We tested two different models, one where the 26Al comes from massive stars and novae, and one with massive stars only. We then compared the predictions to the ~2 M⊙ of 26Al mass observed by the surveys of the Compton Telescope (COMPTEL) and International Gamma-Ray Laboratory (INTEGRAI).
Results. The results show that novae do not trace SFR and, in the solar vicinity, they concentrate in its minima. The effect of novae on the map of the 26Al mass consists in damping the spiral pattern by a factor of five. Regarding the nucleosynthesis, we find that ~75% of the 26Al is produced by novae and the ~25% by massive stars.
Conclusions. We conclude that novae cannot be neglected as 26Al producers since the observations can only be reproduced by including their contribution. Moreover, we suggest that bulge novae should eject around six times more material than the disc ones to well reproduce the observed mass of 26Al.
Die Zukunft der Medizin: ein informierter Blick in die „Glaskugel“
Authors: Grgic Ivica 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel beleuchtet mögliche zukünftige Szenarien für die Medizin auf Basis aktueller Entwicklungen, technologischer Innovationen und gesellschaftlicher Dynamiken. Durch die Untersuchung von Fortschritten in den Bereichen Künstliche Intelligenz, immersive Technologien, Genomik und digitaler Gesundheitsinfrastruktur entwirft der Beitrag eine Vision eines Gesundheitssystems im Wandel. Die potenzielle Rolle der KI als digitaler Assistent in Diagnostik, Ressourcenmanagement und personalisierter Medizin wird hervorgehoben, ebenso wie die Auswirkungen auf klinische Arbeitsabläufe. Immersive Technologien wie VR und AR versprechen Fortschritte in der medizinischen Ausbildung, der Patientenversorgung und therapeutischen Interventionen. Fortschritte in der Genomik und Gentechnologien wie CRISPR eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten für personalisierte Behandlungen und potenzielle Heilungen genetischer Erkrankungen. Gleichzeitig bringen diese Innovationen ethische Herausforderungen in Bezug auf Datenschutz, Datensicherheit und klinische Verantwortung mit sich. Der Artikel reißt auch die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels, einer alternden Bevölkerung und globaler Konflikte an und betont die Notwendigkeit von Vorsorge und Resilienz im Gesundheitssystem. Zusammenfassend wird für einen besonnenen und ausgewogenen Innovationsansatz plädiert, der ethische Überlegungen integriert, um eine Zukunft zu fördern, in der die Medizin trotz zunehmender Digitalisierung und technologischer Komplexität menschlich und empathisch bleibt.
The Controversy Surrounding the Arcade of Struthers: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Natroshvili Tinatin , Meene Maaike van de , Szweryn Walter J. , Kemler Marius A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe arcade of Struthers was first described by Kane et al in 1973 as a thickening of the deep investing fascia of the distal arm and superﬁcial ﬁbers of the medial head of the triceps muscle extending to the medial intermuscular septum. However, existence of anatomical structure remains disputed, lacking a unanimous consensus. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of all findings and conclusions on this subject. A literature search was conducted using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. The QUality Appraisal for Cadaveric Studies (QUACS) scale was used for quality appraisal. In total, 12 studies (including 348 arms) agreed with the existence of the arcade of Struthers and its role in ulnar nerve entrapment. One study agreed with the existence of the structure, but disagreed with its nomenclature. On the other side, five studies (describing 224 arms) were against the existence of the structure. In literature, studies can be divided into two groups. The first group agrees with the existence of the arcade of Struthers as described by Kane et al in 1973, emphasizing its role in ulnar nerve entrapment. The second group disagrees with the existence of the arcade of Struthers, and is further divided into those who believe the structure is best described as an accessory origin of the head of the triceps muscle and those who consider it a dissection artifact.
Indium-flush technique for C-band InAs/InP quantum dots
Authors: Yuan Jiajing , Dear Calum , Jia Hui , Park Jae-Seong , Hou Yaonan , El Hajraoui Khalil , Zeng Haotian , Deng Huiwen , Yang Junjie , Tang Mingchu , Chen Siming , Ramasse Quentin M. , Li Qiang , Seeds Alwyn , Liu Huiyun 
Published: December 2024

High-quality InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs) emitting at 1550 nm are indispensable to realize high-performance telecom C-band lasers. In general, a longer emission (&gt;1550 nm) with a broad spectral character has been obtained with InAs/InP QDs. Here, we proposed the use of the indium-flush (IF) method to shorten the emission and improve the optical properties of InAs/InP QDs. By exploiting IF, the full-width at half-maximum of the room-temperature QD photoluminescence spectra is narrowed from 89.2 to 47.9 meV, with a blue shift of 300 nm (from 1824 to 1522 nm). The scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy results reveal the atomic-level mechanism of the IF method, which uniformly modify the height of InAs/InP QDs in a controlled manner and form distinct Al-rich and In-rich regions. Finally, InAs/InP (001) QD lasers with the IF method have been demonstrated with a low threshold current density per QD layer of 106 A/cm2. We demonstrated both in terms of mechanism model and device performance that the IF method could serve as a robust strategy for the growth of high-performance C-band InAs/InP QD lasers via molecular beam epitaxy.
Perinatal lamb survival was not reduced by grazing forage oats
Authors: Robertson Susan M. , Friend Michael A. , Allworth Bruce , Bhanugopan Marie 
Published: December 2024

Context Grazing forage oats (Avena sativa) is perceived as a risk to perinatal lamb survival and grazing oats only during the lambing period has reduced lamb survival. Aims This study assessed whether perinatal lamb mortality differed for ewes grazing a legume-based pasture throughout the lambing period compared with those grazing oat forage during lambing. Methods A randomised design used two replicates each of two litter sizes (singles or twins) in two forage treatments. Mature Merino ewes were used (n = 424; 53 per group) and all groups grazed legume-based pasture from 6 weeks prior to the start of the lambing period. Control ewes remained on legume pastures, whereas Oat groups were moved to forage oats 9–11 days before lambing. A calcium, magnesium and sodium loose lick supplement was offered to all groups. Key results Ewe mortality was 1.2%, mainly in twin-bearing ewes and similar among treatments. Lamb birthweights were similar; however liveweight at marking was greater for lambs that were born on the legume pastures than for those born on the oats (13.1 ± 0.19 and 12.5 ± 0.18 kg; P = 0.041). Lamb survival did not differ (P = 0.192) between ewes grazing oats (87.3 ± 3.4%) and those grazing legume pasture (78.1 ± 3.4%), and resulted in 1.28 versus 1.14 (P = 0.143) lambs marked/ewe. Lamb survival was similar (P = 0.102) for singles (89.2 ± 3.2%) and twin lambs (76.2 ± 3.2%). Loss in condition score during the lambing period was reduced (P < 0.001) by grazing oats (−0.2 ± 0.06) compared with legume pasture (−0.6 ± 0.06). Conclusions Lamb survival was not reduced by grazing oats rather than legume pasture during the lambing period, although further replication is needed, given the large numerical difference. Any difference in survival between oats and a legume-based pasture when ewes are offered a calcium, magnesium and sodium supplement may depend on the capacity of forage to meet the energy requirements of ewes, although taller oats potentially provide shelter from wind chill. Implications Grazing forage oats during the lambing period has variable effects on lamb survival associated with the relative ability of alternative pasture to provide adequate nutrition, with positive impacts possible.
Linear control of lift in dragonfly vertical flight
Authors: Zhang Kaixuan , Su Xiaohui , Zhao Yong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The lift generation mechanisms of dragonflies have been extensively and deeply studied. As research advances, controlling the lift coefficient faces significant challenges. How the lift coefficient varies and whether a unified model can predict lift tendency remains unresolved. In this study, we propose a flapping amplitude partial advanced model (FAPAM) to control the linear variation of lift in dragonfly vertical flight. The FAPAM model can predict the average lift coefficient by the spatial plane and control the dragonfly lift coefficient over a large range. In this model, the maximum lift coefficient is 2.01 times higher than the weight of a dragonfly. The control parameters of the FAPAM are flapping amplitude (FA) and partial lead percent (PLP). Any linear combination of FA and PLP ensures a linear variation of the average lift coefficient. When FA and advanced rotation angle (ARA) increase by one degree, respectively, the increased lift coefficient of FA is 5.38–9.52 times higher than that of ARA, which is closely related to the leading-edge vortex, trailing edge vortex, and positive pressure zone. The FAPAM model seamlessly integrates vertical ascending mode and vertical climbing mode by introducing transition mode. Additionally, FAPAM can effectively simulate the lift coefficient required for the vertical undulating motion of dragonflies during their oviposition process on water. Most importantly, the FAPAM model can maximize the energy efficiency of different motion modes.
Scenario-based simulation training for incident management: for whom and how
Authors: See Pei Jun , Ong Charlene , Poon Ngee , Soh Kee Hean , Tan Siew Ghim , Singh Dhaliwal Satvinder 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As policing involves high-stakes situations, scenario-based simulation training (SBST) helps officers develop decision-making skills in stressful environments. Virtual simulations offer a cost-effective way to replicate real-life incidents. This study explores how police officers perceive SBST in a virtual environment. This research aims to find if fidelity is important when creating scenarios and understand officers’ expectations and perceptions of SBST. The findings indicate that officers’ demographics and prior work experiences influence how they perceive those exercises. Officers who have spent a large proportion of their years in service found SBST to be able to meet the intended learning objectives. Future research could explore whether similar demographic effects are present in other law enforcement agencies to improve the design of effective simulations.
Preexposure Prophylaxis and Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Global Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Goswami Swarnali , Canedo Joanne , Veeramachaneni Sai , Siddiqua Cynthia , Holmes Erin , Barnard Marie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and are at an elevated risk of HIV acquisition. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective preventative measure against HIV. However, its adoption and consistent use among MSM, especially those experiencing IPV, is low. This scoping review summarizes literature relevant to HIV PrEP, focusing on MSM who experience IPV. Of the 110 studies identified, eight eligible studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of these were conducted in the United States, focusing exclusively on adult MSM. Most studies evaluated daily oral PrEP. The studies assessed the impact of IPV on respondent's knowledge, willingness, preference, and PrEP use and revealed varying levels of association between IPV and PrEP. Future research is essential to develop practice guidelines and policy to enhance PrEP uptake in this vulnerable population.
The Cost Evaluation of Day-Case Compared With Inpatient Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis: Subanalysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Derks Laura S.M. , Kamalski Digna M.A. , Thomeer Hans G.X.M. , Grolman Wilko , Stokroos Robert J. , Wegner Inge 
Published: December 2024

Objective
To evaluate the difference in overall, hospital, and out-of-hospital cost difference of day-case stapes surgery, compared with inpatient stapes surgery, while maintaining equal hearing outcomes and quality of life (QoL).

Study design
A single-center, nonblinded, randomized controlled trial in a tertiary referral center.

Methods
A total of 112 adult patients planned for primary or revision stapes surgery for clinically suspected otosclerosis were randomly assigned to either the day-case or inpatient treatment group. An evaluation was performed of the difference in total health care–related costs (hospital and out-of-hospital costs) from a hospital and patient perspective over the course of 1 year. Audiometric measurements included pure-tone audiometric measurements and speech audiometry measured at 2 months and 1 year postoperatively. QoL was assessed at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively, using the EQ-5D and HUI3 questionnaires.

Results
A total of 109 cases (100 patients) were analyzed due to three dropouts. The total health care–related costs were €16,586 in the inpatient group (n = 54) and €16,904 in the day-case group (n = 55). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 0.9 days (mean costs of €854) in the inpatient group and 0.5 days (mean costs of €561) in the day-case group (both mean differences statistically significant), with a crossover rate from day-case to the inpatient group of 36% (n = 20) and a crossover rate from inpatient to the day-case group of 11% (n = 6). There were no differences in postoperative complications and objective hearing outcomes. Besides an increased number (0.2) of postoperative telephone consultations in the day-case group, there were no statistically significant differences in postoperative hospital and out-of-hospital costs or visits. The QoL showed no statistically significant differences.

Conclusion
A day-case approach in primary or revision stapes surgery does not result in a statistically significant reduction of health care–related hospital and out-of-hospital costs compared with an inpatient approach. It also does not affect the surgical outcome (objective audiometric measurements and complication rate), QoL, and postoperative course (number of postoperative hospital and out-of-hospital visits).
Level of evidence: 1.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Screening With Polymerase Chain Reaction for Early De-escalation of Empiric Vancomycin in the Treatment of Suspected/Confirmed Respiratory Infection in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Lin Amanda , Luo Evelyn , Gottesman Eric , LeDoux David , Saunders-Hao Patricia , Jain Sumeet , Stefanov Dimitre G. , Butzko Ryan , Wong Kelvin , Barrera Maldonado Christian Daniel , Gautam-Goyal Pranisha 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Vancomycin empirically for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia coverage often is prolonged. With high negative predictive value for MRSA pneumonia, we evaluated the efficacy of MRSA nasal screening with polymerase chain reaction for early de-escalation of empiric vancomycin for treatment of respiratory infections in patients admitted to the intensive care units.

Study Question:
The impact of MRSA nasal screening on early de-escalation of vancomycin for respiratory infections.

Study Design:
A retrospective, single-center cohort study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of vancomycin therapy in patients admitted to the intensive care units with diagnosis of pneumonia before (control group) and after (study group) implementation of MRSA nasal screening.

Measures and Outcomes:
The primary end point was the difference in duration of vancomycin drug therapy in patients with suspected/confirmed pneumonia between the control and study groups. Secondary end points included the number of vancomycin trough levels obtained, discordance between polymerase chain reaction and sputum culture results, and clinical outcomes.

Results:
In total, 123 patients (control: n = 76; study: n = 47) were included. The median vancomycin duration in the control group and the study group was 73.3 hours (54.3–110.6) and 30.2 hours (20.3–39.7), respectively, P < 0.0001. The control group had 2.73 times (95% CI: 2.15–3.45, P < 0.0001) longer vancomycin duration than the study group. There was a significant difference in the number of trough levels obtained between the 2 groups. The median in the control and study groups were 1 (1–3) and 1 (0–1), respectively, P < 0.0001. There was no difference between groups for length of stay, 30-day readmission for MRSA infection, reinitiation of anti-MRSA therapy for infection, vancomycin-resistant enterococci infection within 30 days, acute kidney injury, and in-hospital all-cause mortality.

Conclusion:
The implementation of a MRSA nasal screening for critically ill patients treated with vancomycin for pneumonia resulted in a significantly shorter duration of vancomycin treatment without negatively affecting patient outcomes.
Ensuring equity in psychosocial risk assessment for solid organ transplantation: a review
Authors: Obayemi Joy E. , Shaw Brian I. , Greenberg Goni-Katz , Henson Jackie , McElroy Lisa M. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review
This review summarizes the different instruments for evaluating the psychosocial health of transplant candidates, the evidence demonstrating how these instruments relate to probability of transplant waitlisting and transplant outcomes, and the critical knowledge gaps that exist in the causal pathway between psychosocial health and clinical transplant trajectory.

Recent findings
The current literature reveals that psychosocial assessments are a common reason for racial and ethnic minorities to be denied access to the transplant list. Given evidence that a lack of clinician consensus exists regarding the definition of, importance of, and reproducibility of psychosocial support evaluations, this facet of the holistic evaluation process may create a unique challenge for already vulnerable patient populations. Though recent evidence shows that psychosocial evaluation scores predict select transplant outcomes, these findings remain inconsistent.

Summary
Multiple instruments for psychosocial transplant evaluation exist, though the utility of these instruments remains uncertain. As equity becomes an increasingly urgent priority for the transplant system, rigorous interrogation of the causal pathway between psychosocial health and transplant longevity is still needed.