bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for associated anomalies in anorectal malformations: the need for a standardized approach
Authors: Kruger Paul , Teague Warwick J. , Khanal Rija , Hutson John M. , King Sebastian K. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundAnorectal malformations (ARM) are common congenital abnormalities of the terminal hindgut. The high incidence of associated anomalies necessitates systematic screening, which should include renal and spinal ultrasonography, spinal radiography and an echocardiogram. This study aimed to determine the incidence of associated anomalies in ARM, and whether screening protocols were appropriately applied.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all ARM patients managed at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne over a 16‐year period (2000–2015). Data collected included ARM type, presence of associated anomalies, as well as utilization of renal and spinal ultrasonography, spinal radiography and echocardiography.ResultsA total of 243 patients (male 146/243, 60%) were reviewed. The most frequent ARM types were perineal fistula (83/243, 34%) and rectovestibular fistula (40/243, 16%). Full screening was performed in 153/243 (63%), while 18/243 (7%) received no screening. In fully screened patients, associated anomalies were diagnosed in 143/153 (93%), with cardiovascular, renal and musculoskeletal anomalies being most frequent.ConclusionsThe high incidence of associated anomalies identified in fully screened ARM patients highlights the importance of systematic screening. Clinically significant anomalies may have been overlooked in the more than one‐third of ARM patients in whom screening was absent or incomplete. Standardized screening protocols for ARM patients have now been implemented.
Severe hypocalcemia during surgery for placenta accreta spectrum: The case for empiric replacement
Authors: Erfani Hadi , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Fox Karin A. , Rezaei Atefeh , Hui Shiu‐Ki Rocky , Shamshirsaz Amir A. , Nassr Ahmed A. , Salmanian Bahram , Espinoza Jimmy , Teruya Jun , Belfort Michael A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to determine predictive factors for severe hypocalcemia in women with placenta accreta spectrum.Material and methodsStudy of 123 women with histology‐proven placenta accreta spectrum with cesarean hysterectomy between 2011 and 2017. Two groups were selected: Cases: critically low (“panic value”) serum total calcium (≤7 mg/dL) and Controls: normal serum total calcium (≥8.5 mg/dL). Regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate the potential associations.ResultsThere were 13 women with critically low (cases) and 18 with normal calcium (controls). Baseline characteristics were not statistically different. The median estimated blood loss, units of red blood cells (RBCs) transfused and volume of crystalloid transfused, were higher in the low calcium group. Six out of 13 (46.2%) cases had received ≥4 units of RBCs during surgery vs 2 of 18 (11.1%) controls (P = 0.04). ROC analysis showed that estimated blood loss, units of RBCs transfused, and crystalloid transfused were associated with severe hypocalcemia and univariate regression analysis confirmed that estimated blood loss ≥1500 mL, RBC transfusion ≥4 units, and crystalloid transfused ≥4L were associated with severe hypocalcemia.ConclusionsIntraoperative transfusion of ≥4 units RBCs is predictive of the development of severe hypocalcemia in placenta accreta spectrum patients experiencing active bleeding. Empiric replacement of 1 g CaCL2 is recommended for every 4 U RBC transfused.
The oral biome in the aetiology and management of dental disease: Current concepts and ethical considerations
Authors: Ma Yonghui , Oliver Richard , Chen Hua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOur understanding of the complexity of the oral biome and of the role of the various constituent bacteria in the aetiology of dental disease is growing. Probiotics and their relationship with prebiotics, as well as other microbiome‐based interventions, could be useful in preventing and treating dental disease and in promoting oral health. However, given the promise and early stage of this treatment approach, there are also a number of ethical, social and regulatory issues associated with innovative probiotic therapy. In this article, a brief update is given on contemporary theories of the aetiology and management of the two commonest dental diseases, and on the roles of pre‐ and probiotics and oral biome transplant in the management of these diseases. The focus is primarily on four core issues: informed consent, risk–benefit assessment, how to determine suitable healthy donors, and commercialization and regulation. We discuss the safety and benefits of oral probiotics, not only concerning the products and quality control during their manufacture, but also regarding the depth of public knowledge about this topic. We point out that the requirement of listing ingredients honestly might be insufficient, and that the prevalent rhetoric of ‘natural’ and ‘organic’ as well as some health claims in the translational, innovative probiotic industry and markets are themselves misleading and should be carefully scrutinized. Finally, we suggest an ethical imperative to find a balance between scientific research and industry, and public health in the regulation of probiotics.
Risk indicators for untreated dental decay among Indigenous Australian children
Authors: Ha Diep Hong , Do Loc Giang , Roberts‐Thomson Kaye , Jamieson Lisa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate risk indicators for untreated dental decay among Indigenous Australian children using a national representative sample.MethodsData were from the National Child Oral Health Study 2012‐2014, which included a nationally representative sample of Indigenous Australian children aged 5‐14 years. Outcomes were the prevalence (% ds/DS>0) and severity (mean ds/DS) of untreated dental decay at the tooth surface level. Caries of the primary dentition was estimated among 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds, while that of the permanent dentition was among 8‐ to 14‐year‐olds. Independent variables included residential location, household income, frequency and age commencement of toothbrushing, sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption, dental visiting and residential fluoridation status. Multivariable log‐Poisson regression models with robust standard error estimation were used to identify risk indicators for untreated decay. The complex sampling design was taken into account in all analyses.ResultsThere were 720 5‐ to 10‐year‐old and 736 8‐ to 14‐year‐old Indigenous children. Indigenous children experienced significant amount of untreated dental caries. Among 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds, % ds >0 was 43.1 (95%CI: 36.8‐49.6) and mean ds was 3.4 (95% CI: 2.4‐4.4). Among 8‐ to 14‐year‐olds, %DS>0 was 27.3 (22.3‐32.9), while meanDSwas 0.8 (0.6‐1.0). In multivariable modelling, risk indicators for % ds >0 among 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds were low household income, commencing toothbrushing after 30 months of age, consuming 2+ cups ofSSBper day and not residing in fluoridated areas. Risk indicators for mean ds among 5‐ to 10‐year‐olds included infrequent toothbrushing and consuming 2+ cups ofSSBper day. Risk indicators for %DS>0 among 8‐ to 14‐year‐olds were low household income, while risk indicators for meanDSamong 8‐ to 14‐year‐olds were residing in non‐capital city, low household income, consuming 2+ cups ofSSBper day and not residing in fluoridated areas.ConclusionIndigenous Australian children experienced significant amount of untreated dental caries. Risk indicators for untreated decay included demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, oral hygiene behaviours, dietary behaviours and environmental factors.
European Association for Osseointegration Delphi study on the trends in Implant Dentistry in Europe for the year 2030
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Noguerol Blas , Sanz‐Sanchez Ignacio , Hammerle Christoph H. F. , Schliephake Henning , Renouard Frank , Sicilia Alberto ,   Steering Committee, Cordaro Luca , Jung Ronald , Klinge Bjorn , Valentini Pascal , Alcoforado Gil , Ornekol Turker , Pjetursson Bjarni , Sailer Irena , Rochietta Isabella , Manuel Navarro José , Heitz‐Mayfield Lisa , Francisco Helena 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the potential trends for the year 2030 in dental implant dentistry in Europe using the Delphi methodology.Material and methodsA steering committee and a management team of experts in implant dentistry were created and validated a questionnaire including 60 questions, divided in eight topics. The survey was conducted in two rounds using an anonymous questionnaire, which provided the participants in the second round with the results of the first. Each question had three possible answers, and the results were expressed as percentages.ResultsA total of 138 experts were invited to participate in the survey. From all the invited experts, 52 answered in both the first and second rounds. Three different consensus categories were established based on the percentage of agreement: no consensus (<65%); moderate consensus (65%–85%); and high consensus (≥86%). Within the topic categories, a consensus was reached (mainly moderate consensus) for the majority of questions discussed among experts during a face to face consensus meeting. However, consensus was not reached for a small number of questions/topics.ConclusionsAbout 82% of the questions reached consensus. The consensus points towards a lower number of implants to replace chewing units, with implants surfaces made of bioactive materials with reduced micro‐roughness using mainly customized abutments with polished surfaces and an internal implant–abutment connection (85%). CBCT‐3D technologies will be the main tool for pre‐surgical implant placement diagnosis together with direct digital restorative workflows. There will be an increase in the incidence of peri‐implantitis, although there will be more efficient interventions its treatment and prevention.
An analysis of the feeding behavior of three stages ofToxoptera citricidabyDCelectrical penetration graph waveforms
Authors: Zhao Runa , He Yingqin , Lu Zhuoyue , Chen Wenlong , Zhou Changyong , Wang Xuefeng , Li Taisheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith the purpose of studying the feeding behavior of the brown citrus aphid pest,Toxoptera citricida(Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), we compared stylet probing behaviors of third and fourth instars and adults onCitrus unshiuMarc (Rutaceae) seedlings using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique.EPGwaveforms exhibited the full suite of stylet behaviors – stylet pathway, intracellular stylet puncture, phloem salivation (E1), sieve ingestion (E2), and xylem sap ingestion activities, plus the non‐penetration (Np) waveform. Before the phloem phase, the number of probes was significantly higher for third‐instar nymphs than for adults. Overall duration of Np events by adults was significantly lower than the duration of third and fourth instars. The number of short probes of the fourth instars was significantly higher than that of the adults. In the phloem phase, adults made more frequent and longer E1 events than the third and fourth instars. Third instars made more frequent but shorter E2 events, whereas adults made fewer but longer events. These results showed adults gained nutrients by increasing feeding time during phloem ingestion. Thus, the probability of phloem‐associated virus acquisition and transmission ofT. citricidawas higher in adults than in nymphs.
Let's mate here and now – seasonal constraints increase mating efficiency
Authors: Golab Maria J. , Johansson Frank , Sniegula Szymon 
Published: April 2019

1. Latitudinal climatic conditions shape the length of the mating season and could thus influence reproductive traits. Knowledge of how animals behave along latitudinal clines will increase understanding of the impact of climate on sexual selection and might help in the prediction of whether peripheral populations will spread or shrink in response to changes in climate.2. This study investigated variation in the mating efficiency of a temperate insect, the emerald damselfly Lestes sponsa, under semi‐natural field conditions along a latitudinal gradient covering three regions of the species' distribution: south, central and north.3. A comparison was done of the proportion of copulating males, the proportion of males that formed tandems but did not copulate (unsuccessful males), and the proportion of males that did not attempt to form a tandem (passive males) in these three regions.4. It was found that the proportion of copulations was significantly higher at northern latitudes than in the southern and central regions. Southern latitudes had a higher proportion of successful copulations compared with central latitudes. The northern region had a significantly lower frequency of passive males. The southern region had an intermediate proportion of passive males, and the central region had the highest proportion. The proportion of unsuccessful males did not differ between regions. The population density across sites did not affect these results.5. The study shows that damselflies inhabiting northern populations mate more intensively than individuals from southern and central populations. This suggests that more restrictive environmental conditions during a brief mating season select for higher mating efficiency.
Blood‐brain barrier dysfunction in canine epileptic seizures detected by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hanael Erez , Veksler Ronel , Friedman Alon , Bar‐Klein Guy , Senatorov Vladimir V. , Kaufer Daniela , Konstantin Lilach , Elkin Maria , Chai Orit , Peery Dana , Shamir Merav H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveDogs with spontaneous or acquired epilepsy exhibit resemblance in etiology and disease course to humans, potentially offering a translational model of the human disease. Blood‐brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) has been shown to partake in epileptogenesis in experimental models of epilepsy. To test the hypothesis that BBBD can be detected in dogs with naturally occurring seizures, we developed a linear dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) analysis algorithm that was validated in clinical cases of seizing dogs and experimental epileptic rats.MethodsForty‐six dogs with naturally occurring seizures of different etiologies and 12 induced epilepsy rats were imaged using DCE‐MRI. Six healthy dogs and 12 naive rats served as control. DCE‐MRI was analyzed by linear‐dynamic method. BBBD scores were calculated in whole brain and in specific brain regions. Immunofluorescence analysis for transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) pathway proteins was performed on the piriform cortex of epileptic dogs.ResultsWe found BBBD in 37% of dogs with seizures. A significantly higher cerebrospinal fluid to serum albumin ratio was found in dogs with BBBD relative to dogs with intact blood‐brain barrier (BBB). A significant difference was found between epileptic and control rats when BBBD scores were calculated for the piriform cortex at 48 hours and 1 month after status epilepticus. Mean BBBD score of the piriform lobe in idiopathic epilepsy (IE) dogs was significantly higher compared to control. Immunohistochemistry results suggested active TGF‐β signaling and neuroinflammation in the piriform cortex of dogs with IE, showing increased levels of serum albumin colocalized with glial acidic fibrillary protein and pSMAD2 in an area where BBBD had been detected by linear DCE‐MRI.SignificanceDetection of BBBD in dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy provides the ground for future studies for evaluation of novel treatment targeting the disrupted BBB. The involvement of the piriform lobe seen using our linear DCE‐MRI protocol and algorithm emphasizes the possibility of using dogs as a translational model for the human disease.
New fatigue device for testing cables: Design and results
Authors: Erena Diego , Vázquez Valeo Jesus , Navarro Carlos , Domínguez Jaime 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe fracture of cables is often caused by fatigue phenomena. To analyse the fatigue behaviour of these elements, a device has been designed, manufactured, and validated. This machine can produce different load states for the specimens, combining variable axial loads and variable bending moments. The testing machine has been designed to achieve two goals: to avoid the fracture of the cable in the vicinity of the clamps and to assure that the fracture of the cable is in the middle of the length of the specimen. The type of failure will be due to a combination of global stresses and fretting fatigue phenomena. This work also shows the results of different fatigue tests for a specific strand configuration. Finally, the fracture and contact surfaces of the strand have been analysed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results obtained with this device show that it is adequate for testing cables and strands subjected to different combinations of axial loads and bending moments.
Amphibian functional diversity is related to high annual precipitation and low precipitation seasonality in the New World
Authors: Ochoa‐Ochoa Leticia Margarita , Mejía‐Domínguez Nancy R. , Velasco Julian A. , Marske Katharine Ann , Rahbek Carsten 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimWe examined the geographical distribution of functional diversity for American amphibians and tested the relationship between functional diversity and environment. We also explored how the functional evenness of life‐history traits varies across biogeographical regions.LocationContinental Americas.MethodsWe performed a trait classification based on an Eltonian approach and calculated functional diversity using Hill numbers, Shannon and Gini–Simpson indices. We tested the relationship between functional diversity and different axes of environmental variation by using a series of spatial autoregressive (SAR) models.ResultsBased on 212 different functional attributes for 2,776 species, we found that functional diversity has a latitudinal gradient consistent with that of species richness, regardless of the diversity index used. Evenness of functional diversity of amphibian assemblages varies depending on the region, but in general they are close to the maximum possible value. Areas with more functional richness relative to species richness are associated with high annual precipitation and low precipitation seasonality regardless of temperature; in contrast, areas with fewer functions than expected are associated with high aridity.Main conclusionsThe highest functional diversity is located in mountainous regions. Overall, functional diversity is positively correlated with humid environments with low precipitation seasonality and low aridity regardless of temperature. This is especially relevant for amphibians facing contemporary climate change because it suggests that future variation in rainfall patterns, but not in annual mean temperature, might interact with functional diversity to pose an imminent threat to amphibian functional diversity.
Development of an Anticholinergic Burden Scale specific for Korean older adults
Authors: Jun Kwanghee , Hwang Sunghee , Ah Young‐Mi , Suh Yewon , Lee Ju‐Yeun 
Published: April 2019

AimThe aim of this study was to develop the Korean Anticholinergic Burden Scale through assessment of previously developed tools, a literature review and a modified Delphi process.MethodsWe carried out a systematic review to identify previously published anticholinergic burden tools. A composite medication list was made by extracting medications and their quantitative grading from the existing tools, after excluding the medications not distributed in Korea and topical agents. We also added medications available in Korea that had not been rated. For medications with conflicting anticholinergic scores or no anticholinergic score, we determined the final score from 0 (“no anticholinergic effect”) to 3 (“strong anticholinergic effect”) with a literature review and expert consensus through a two‐round Delphi process.ResultsA composite list of 655 medications with anticholinergic scores was extracted from 10 existing tools. A total of 38 medications available in Korea were added to the list. A total of 494 medications were deemed suitable for a Korean‐specific scale. We confirmed the anticholinergic scores of 352 medications from existing scales, and 142 underwent the Delphi process. The final scores graded by experts showed high reliability among experts with an intra‐class correlation of 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.97–0.98). Finally, 56 medications were categorized as strong anticholinergics, 23 as moderate, 59 as weak and 356 as having no anticholinergic activity.ConclusionsThis newly created consensus‐driven anticholinergic burden scale designed specifically for the Korean healthcare system might be a practical tool for assessing anticholinergic burden in older adults with polypharmacy in routine medication reviews and in research. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 628–634.
Effective retirement age from employment and full‐time employment, and the impact of the 2008 crisis
Authors: Latulippe Denis , Fontaine Florence 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEstimates of effective retirement age based on labour force participation rates are commonly used for actuarial experience review and policy development. However, the transition from work to retirement and the socio‐economic environment have evolved over the years, influenced by a growing role for gradual retirement and the labour market impact of the 2008 economic crisis. Rather than focusing exclusively on retirement ages based on labour force participation rates, this article presents complementary estimates of retirement ages to better assess the effective retirement age from employment. It also introduces the concept of retirement from full‐time employment, showing that the retirement age from full‐time employment is systematically lower than the retirement age from employment. The results reveal that the trend towards an increase in the retirement age has been impacted by economic conditions when considering the effective employment of older workers. Results are presented for different Member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development over the period 2005–2015.
Screening for intellectual disabilities and borderline intelligence in Dutch outpatients with severe mental illness
Authors: Seelen‐de Lang Birgit L. , Smits Hedwig J. H. , Penterman Berry J. M. , Noorthoorn Eric O. , Nieuwenhuis Jeanet G. , Nijman Henk L. I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe reliability and validity of the Screener for Intelligence and Learning Disabilities (SCIL) are unknown in a population of outpatients with severe mental illness. The prevalence of mild or borderline intellectual disabilities (MBID); an umbrella term for people with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and mild intellectual disability (MID) in this population is also unknown.MethodsA total of 625 patients were screened with the SCIL, 201 of which also had IQ test results.ResultsCronbach’s alpha of the SCIL was 0.73. The AUC value for detecting MBID was 0.81, and also 0.81 for detecting MID, with percentages of correctly classified subjects (when using the advised cut‐off scores) being 73% and 79%, respectively. The SCIL results suggested that 40% of the patients were suspected of MBID and 20% of MID.ConclusionThe SCIL seems to be an appropriate screening tool for MBID. It is important to screen for MBID because a substantial proportion of outpatients with severe mental illness appear to be functioning at this level. It is necessary to adapt treatment for these patients.