bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Vertigo on Quality of Life
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Vertigo is a dynamic symptom that can evolve over time and can represent a sign of complex and or serious diseases. Vertigo is a frequent medical symptom in the population where an individual needs an urgent consultation with the clinician. Vertigo is a symptom of vestibular disorders that may lead to physical disability and poor quality of life (QoL). There is a wide range of pathologies for manifesting vertigo. The patient who suffers from vertigo often consults several clinicians before getting a final diagnosis and effective treatment. There is limited knowledge regarding vestibular illnesses, which cause disruptions in daily activities, despite the fact that some particular problems are connected to sleep, work, leisure, and emotional impairment. Patients with vertigo often present psychological manifestations such as panic attacks, postural phobic vertigo, agoraphobia, anxiety, and depression. A vicious cycle may happen, in which vertigo acts as a source of anxiety, which in turn causes dizziness, even after vertigo has disappeared. In this review paper, we analyze the most recent research on the link between vertigo and life quality, as well as its effects and impending difficulties. Different articles related to the impact of vertigo on QoL were analyzed for this review. The objective of this review article is to provide awareness among general practitioners, otolaryngologists, neurologists, and neuro-otologists about QoL affected by vertigo symptoms.
An update of multimodal imaging in white dot syndrome
Authors: Sen Ahana , Rao Chetan , Biswas Jyotirmay 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
The white dot syndromes are a group of phenotypically similar disorders characterized by multiple lesions at the level of the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. Common white dot syndromes whose imaging modalities have been described in this article are multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, punctate inner choroidopathy, serpiginous choroiditis, and birdshot chorioretinopathy. The various imaging modalities help us to better understand the pathophysiology of the various entities and help in diagnosing, monitoring, and prognosticating them. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a comparatively newer tool that helps us to visualize lesions in the choroid that correlate with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) findings. Even though it is of limited value and cannot replace ICGA, it had gained considerable interest among ophthalmologists. Similarly, the noninvasive nature of modalities such as fundus autofluorescence and OCT makes them appealing and preferable over invasive techniques such as fundus fluorescein angiography and ICGA.
Examining the competence of artificial intelligence programs in neuro-ophthalmological disorders and analyzing their comparative superiority
Authors: Sensoy Eyupcan , Citirik Mehmet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
This study aims to evaluate the knowledge levels of chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT), Bing, and Bard programs, which are three different artificial intelligence chatbots offered to the market free of charge by various manufacturers, regarding neuro-ophthalmological diseases, to examine their usability, and to investigate the existence of their superiority to each other.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Forty questions related to neuro-ophthalmological diseases were obtained from the study questions’ section of the American Academy and Ophthalmology 2022–2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course Neuro-ophthalmology Book. The questions were posed to the ChatGPT, Bing, and Bard artificial intelligence chatbots. The answers were evaluated as correct or incorrect. The statistical relationship between the correct and incorrect answer rates offered by the artificial intelligence programs was tested.

RESULTS:
The correct answer rates were given by the artificial intelligence programs to the questions asked: ChatGPT – 52.5%; Bing – 55%; and Bard – 65%. There was no statistically significant difference between the correct answer rates of the three artificial intelligence programs (P = 0.489, Pearson’s Chi-square test).

CONCLUSION:
Although information about neuro-ophthalmological diseases can be accessed quickly and accurately using up-to-date artificial intelligence programs, the answers given may not always be correct. Care should always be taken when evaluating the answers to the questions.
Comparing the sedative and analgesic effects of ketorolac and diclofenac eye drops among patients with cataract surgery: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Modir Hesameddin , Moshiri Esmail , Amani Alireza , Modir Amirreza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

AIM:
The aim of this study was to compare the sedative and analgesic effects of ketorolac and diclofenac eye drops among patients with cataract surgery (CS) who received tetracaine.

METHODS:
This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2022. Participants were the candidates for CS consecutively selected from Amirkabir hospital, Arak, Iran, and were assigned to an artificial tear group, a ketorolac group, and a diclofenac group through block randomization. Pain, sedation status, heart rate, blood pressure, and arterial oxygen saturation were assessed during and after surgery. Complications prevalence and intraoperative propofol use were also documented. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 20.0) at a significance level of <0.05.

RESULTS:
There were no significant differences among the study groups respecting participants’ age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation, CS duration, and Aldrete score (P > 0.05). From 5 min after CS onward, the mean score of pain in the ketorolac group was significantly less than the other groups (P < 0.05). The mean score of sedation from recovery to 1 h after surgery in the artificial tear group was significantly more than the other groups, whereas the mean score of sedation 2 and 4 h after CS in the ketorolac group was significantly more than the other groups (P < 0.05). Propofol use in the artificial tear group was significantly more than in other groups (P = 0.001) and patient and surgeon satisfaction in this group was significantly less than in other groups (P < 0.05). The ketorolac and the diclofenac groups did not significantly differ from each other respecting surgeon and patient satisfaction and the prevalence of complications (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
Ketorolac eye drops are more effective than diclofenac eye drops in significantly reducing intraoperative pain among the candidates for CS with topical anesthesia. Therefore, ketorolac eye drops can be used with tetracaine eye drops in CS with topical anesthesia to produce greater perioperative analgesia and sedation.
Outcomes of pediatric sterile keratitis posthypotonic collagen cross-linking
Authors: Kaur Amanjot , Sahu Srikant Kumar , Garg Prashant , Roy Aravind 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
In this case series, we will describe sterile keratitis in the early postoperative period after hypotonic collagen cross-linking (CXL) in two pediatric cases. This is a retrospective case series of two eyes of two children who developed inflammatory keratitis with central corneal haze after uneventful epithelial-off hypotonic CXL. After ensuring microbiological sterility, appropriate treatment with topical steroids and lubricants was started. There was complete resolution of corneal infiltrates with minimal scarring. Both patients regained almost the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 20/80 and 20/60, respectively.
Anterior segment ischemia following scleral buckle surgery: The forgotten enemy
Authors: Sreenivasan Janani , Joshi Aditi , Chawla Aashul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Anterior segment ischemia (ASI) is a rare, almost forgotten complication of scleral buckle (SB) surgery. The course varies from mild self-limited to severe type causing significant vision loss. A number of local and systemic factors can precipitate ASI. It is important to be aware of these factors and take the necessary steps to avoid this complication. Despite that, if the patient develops ASI, early recognition is important. Mild cases are managed conservatively whereas severe cases will require removal of the band. We present a case of an 18-year-old male who developed a mild type of ASI post-SB surgery managed conservatively.
A retrospective study of the incidence, patterns, and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in infants with birth weight >1500 g in a South Indian tertiary care hospital
Authors: Bhat Vishalakshi , Patil Shankargouda H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study was to determine the incidence, patterns, and risk factors for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants weighing >1500 g at birth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A retrospective analysis was done of the ROP screening records between April 2019 and March 2022. All the infants with birth weight >1500 g who underwent ROP screening were included. Data collected included demographic details, details of the risk factors (respiratory distress syndrome [RDS], hypoxia, anemia, septicemia, patent ductus arteriosus, congenital heart disease [CHD], i.e., atrial septal defects or ventricular septal defects, and multiple gestations), and ocular examination findings. Statistical analyses included calculation of mean, range, Chi-square test, and bivariate logistic regression for associations of risk factors with ROP.

RESULTS:
ROP was noted in 16.6% of the 336 eyes of 168 infants. The mean birth weight and mean gestational age (GA) of the infants were 1850 ± 33 g and 33.33 weeks ± 1.71 weeks, respectively. Eighteen eyes (32.1%) had Stage I, 17 eyes (30.35%) had Stage II, and 11 eyes (19.64%) had Stage III ROP in Zone II. Aggressive ROP was seen in 8 eyes (14.28%) and stage 5 ROP in two eyes (0.59%). Male gender, GA, CHD, and RDS showed a statistically significant association with the development of ROP in these infants.

CONCLUSION:
ROP was seen in 16.66% of our subjects. Treatment was required in 6.25% of infants. Risk factors for the development of ROP were low gestational age, male gender, the presence of RDS, and congenital heart disease.
Comparison of corneal endothelial cell morphology in type-2 diabetes and nondiabetics
Authors: Firdous Maryam , Ullah Saif , Shah Mutahir , Qayyum Sadaf , Ansari Muhammad Hasan , Aziz Amtul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the values of hexagonality of endothelial cells among type-2 diabetics and nondiabetics. It also aimed at finding the correlation of the hexagonality of endothelial cells with the duration of diabetes, random blood sugar level, and severity of diabetic retinopathy in type-2 diabetics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted for 8 months from January to August 2022. The data was collected from tertiary care eye hospital named Al-Shifa Trust Eye hospital jhelum road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. After taking the informed consent, a complete history of each subject was taken. Visual acuity and refraction were performed using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity chart and then, complete slit-lamp anterior and posterior segment examination was performed followed by specular microscopy (TOMEY Specular Microscope EM-4000) to evaluate endothelial cell hexagonality. The diabetic subjects were checked for their random blood sugar levels immediately after specular microscopy using a digital glucometer and the readings were recorded.

RESULTS:
Results showed that the hexagonality of endothelial cells was statistically significantly lower (P = 0.000) in type-2 diabetics than in nondiabetics. Correlation analysis of the hexagonality of endothelial cells showed a negative correlation (P < 0.05) with random blood sugar levels while no correlation (P > 0.05) with the duration of diabetes and severity of diabetic retinopathy.

CONCLUSION:
The study concluded that the hexagonality of endothelial cells was significantly different among the two groups under study, i.e., type-2 diabetics and nondiabetics.
Attitude and knowledge about electroconvulsive therapy among trainee doctors and psychiatrists: A survey before and after a training session
Authors: Kar Nilamadhab 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective treatment in psychiatry, but its use is decreasing.

AIM:
It was intended to evaluate the attitude and knowledge among psychiatric trainees and psychiatrists and any change following a training session on ECT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A survey was conducted in a teaching psychiatric hospital before and after a training session on ECT using questionnaires on attitude, knowledge, and clinical scenarios for prescribing ECT.

RESULTS:
This study suggested that the majority of trainees and psychiatrists had positive attitudes and appreciable knowledge base regarding ECT. There were uncertainties in a few areas, such as ECT for treatment-resistant depression without risk of self or others, treatment-resistant schizophrenia, patients with no mental capacity, and those who refuse to consent. The change following the training session was more prominent in prescribing scenarios. In other areas, the change was marginal, probably because of the ceiling effect.

CONCLUSIONS:
While psychiatrists and trainees maintain positive attitude and appreciable knowledge about ECT, it is essential to remain aware of recent advances and guidelines about ECT through training to continue prescribing it appropriately.
Endoxifen dual benefits, alleviating symptoms of bipolar disorder, and a potential novel anticraving agent for alcohol dependence: A case series
Authors: Dash Soumya Ranjan , Dixit Kopal , Sahoo Surjeet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Substance use may be a risk factor and precipitator in episodes of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). BPAD increases vulnerability to substance use as a part of increased risk behavior and/or self-medication, ultimately leading to dependence. Endoxifen is an active metabolite of tamoxifen with a four-fold protein kinase C inhibitory activity. The efficacy of endoxifen is shown in reducing manic symptoms faster and has a safe adverse effect profile.[1] This case series explores the effectiveness of endoxifen in reducing both manic symptoms and alcohol cravings in patients with mania and comorbid alcohol dependence. The severity of mania was monitored using the Young Mania Rating Scale, while alcohol cravings were evaluated using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)[2] scores before and after the intervention. All three patients showed a significant reduction in manic symptoms following endoxifen treatment. In addition, there was a significant decrease in AUDIT scores, indicating a reduction in alcohol cravings. These findings suggest that endoxifen may have dual benefits in managing mania and may be a potential anticraving agent.
Implications of brief cognitive behavioral intervention in managing prolonged grief and perceived stress among college students
Authors: Nag Ananya , Halder Susmita , Gupta Shrestha Sen , Hussain Alifya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused widespread psychological impairments along with an increase in symptoms of prolonged and complicated grieving and stress due to fear of contagion, confusion, and helplessness. While many individuals cope with grief using internal and social resources, some experience persistent grief characterized by yearning for the deceased, difficulty accepting the loss, withdrawal from social activities, and impaired daily functioning.

METHODS:
In April 2022, a study involving 210 participants was conducted to estimate pandemic grief and COVID-19-related stress among college students, utilizing the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) and COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire. A follow-up in December 2023 revealed that 10% of participants (21 of 210) exhibited signs of prolonged grief and perceived stress. Four participants were selected for a brief online cognitive behavioral intervention.

RESULTS:
Common symptoms included trouble accepting the loss, intense sorrow, rumination, reduced interest in activities, and difficulty reintegrating into new relationships. A comparison of scores from pre- and post-therapeutic assessments and a follow-up (after 5 months) showed significant improvement in symptoms of prolonged grief and a reduction in perceived stress among participants.

CONCLUSION:
A brief cognitive-behavioral intervention has been found to be effective in reducing symptoms related to grief and stress. The findings indicate a need for psychological and social support to promote early intervention and sustain the effects of intervention.
Proposal for a new classification of anorectal abscesses based on clinical characteristics and postoperative recurrence
Authors: Chen Shan-Zhong , Sun Kui-Jun , Gu Yi-Fan , Zhao Hong-Yuan , Wang Dong , Shi Yun-Fang , Shi Ren-Jie 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Current surgical procedures for anorectal abscesses, including incision and drainage alone or combined concurrent fistulotomy, remain controversial primarily due to the unpredictability of postoperative recurrence or the progression to anal fistula.
AIM
To evaluate factors that predict postoperative recurrence of anorectal abscesses and propose a new classification to guide surgical procedures.
METHODS
In this retrospective study, 525 patients with anorectal abscesses treated by incision and drainage alone, at a tertiary general hospital from August 2012 to July 2022, were included. A new classification for anorectal abscesses based on their propensity to develop into fistulas, considering 18 other potential risk factors, was established. These factors, from electronic medical records, were screened for significance using the χ ² test and subsequently analyzed with multivariate logistic regression to evaluate their relationship with postoperative recurrence of anorectal abscesses.
RESULTS
One year post-follow-up, the overall recurrence rate was 39%:81.0% and 23.5% for fistula-prone and non-fistula-prone abscesses, respectively. Univariate χ ² analysis showed significant differences in recurrence rates based on anatomical classifications and pus culture results (P < 0.05). Fistula-prone abscess, ≥ 7 days between symptom onset and surgery, chronic diarrhea, preoperative antibiotic use, and local anesthesia were risk factors for recurrence, while diabetes mellitus was protective (P < 0.05). Moreover, fistula-prone abscess [odds ratio (OR) = 7.651, 95%CI: 4.049–14.458, P < 0.001], ≥ 7 days from symptom onset to surgery (OR = 2.137, 95%CI: 1.090–4.190, P = 0.027), chronic diarrhea (OR = 2.508, 95%CI: 1.216–5.173, P = 0.013), and local anesthesia (OR = 2.308, 95%CI: 1.313–4.059, P = 0.004) were independent risk factors for postoperative anorectal abscess recurrence using multivariate logistic regression. Body mass index ≥ 28 (OR = 2.935, 95%CI: 1.203–7.165, P = 0.018) was an independent risk factor for postoperative recurrence of non-fistula-prone abscess.
CONCLUSION
The choice of surgical procedure for treating anorectal abscesses should follow this new classification. Prompt and thorough incision and drainage can significantly reduce postoperative recurrence.
Risk factors for hemocoagulase-associated hypofibrinogenemia in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Zou Fei , Wu Mian-Tao , Wang Yong-Yi 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
With the widespread use of hemocoagulase in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, clinicians have become increasingly concerned about coagulation disorders associated with this medication. Risk factors for hypofibrinogenemia associated with hemocoagulase are poorly understood.
AIM
To determine risk factors for hemocoagulase-associated hypofibrinogenemia in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical documentation of hospitalized patients treated with hemocoagulase for gastrointestinal bleeding. Hypofibrinogenemia was defined as a decrease in plasma fibrinogen concentration to less than 2.0 g/L. The included patients were divided into two groups: acquired hypofibrinogenemia group and non-hypofibrinogenemia group. We used logistic regression analysis to identify potential risk factors and established risk assessment criteria by employing a receiver operating characteristic curve.
RESULTS
There were 36 patients in the acquired hypofibrinogenemia group and 73 patients in the non-hypofibrinogenemia group. The hypofibrinogenemia group showed higher rates of intensive care unit admissions (P = 0.021), more female patients (P = 0.005), higher in-hospital mortality (P = 0.027), larger hemocoagulase doses (P = 0.026), more Packed Red Cells transfusions (P = 0.024), and lower baseline fibrinogen levels (P < 0.000). Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the risk factors associated with acquired hypofibrinogenemia. The analysis revealed that baseline fibrinogen [odds ratio (OR) 0.252, 95%CI: 0.137-0.464, P < 0.000], total hemocoagulase doses (OR 1.074, 95%CI: 1.015-1.137, P = 0.014), and female gender (OR 2.856, 95%CI: 1.015–8.037, P = 0.047) were statistically significant risk factors.
CONCLUSION
Higher doses of total hemocoagulase, female gender, and a lower baseline fibrinogen level were risk factors for hemocoagulase-associated hypofibrinogenemia in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.
Clinical significance of appendicoliths in elderly patients over eighty years old undergoing emergency appendectomy: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Min Ling-Qiang , Lu Jing , He Hong-Yong 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Acute appendicitis with an appendicolith is one of the most common abdominal emergencies in elderly patients and is more likely to progress to gangrene and perforation.
AIM
To analyze the clinical data of elderly patients undergoing emergency appendectomy for acute appendicitis, aiming to improve treatment strategies.
METHODS
The clinical data of 122 patients over 80 years old who underwent emergency appendectomy for acute appendicitis at the Department of Emergency Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2016 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of an appendicolith or not, and clinicopathological and surgery-related features were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
The duration of abdominal pain in all 122 patients ranged from 5 to 168 h. All patients underwent emergency appendectomy: 6 had an open appendectomy, 101 had a laparoscopic appendectomy, and 15 required conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery, resulting in a conversion rate of 12.9% (15/116). The patients were divided into two groups: Appendicolith group (n = 46) and non-appendicolith group (n = 76). Comparisons of clinicopathological features revealed that patients with appendicoliths were more likely to develop appendiceal gangrene (84.8% vs 64.5%, P = 0.010) and perforation (67.4% vs 48.7%, P = 0.044), and had a lower surgical conversion rate (2.2% vs 19.7%, P = 0.013). The median length of hospital stay was 5.0 d for both groups and there was no significant difference between them. All patients were successfully discharged.
CONCLUSION
Around 40% of patients over 80 years old with acute appendicitis have an appendicolith, increasing their risk of developing appendiceal gangrene and perforation, and therefore should receive timely surgical treatment.