bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis as Cause of Central Diabetes Insipidus: Case Report
Authors: Nascimento Diana , Teixeira Manoel , Figueiredo Eberval 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease of the monocyte-macrophage system, characterized by the aberrant proliferation of specific dendritic cells. The clinical presentation ranges from a single bone lesion to widespread multiorgan involvement. This disease is usually considered to be a disease of childhood; however, the diagnosis is frequently made in adulthood. The course of the disease is fairly unpredictable and varies from spontaneous resolution to progress into a debilitating form, which compromises the vital functions with occasional fatal consequences. Langerhans cell histiocytosis exhibits a predilection for the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis, with diabetes insipidus being the most common endocrine consequence related to the disease, which may be prior to diagnosis or develop at any time during the course of the disease. The diagnosis of LCH should be based on histologic and immunophenotypic examination of a lesional biopsy, although other testing may be done, depending on the symptoms. There is no established, widely agreed-upon treatment of LCH, in general. The treatment depends upon the individual patient and the extent and areas of involvement. The present article aims to describe the case of a 26-year-old male patient whose symptoms started with a headache and occipital bone lesion that progressed later with diabetes insipidus.
Atemwegsmanagement in der Thoraxanästhesie mit dem Bronchusblocker
Authors: Kreft Tom , Hachenberg Thomas 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungBronchusblocker stellen für die Ein-Lungen-Ventilation eine Alternative zum Doppellumentubus dar – bei spezifischen Patientengruppen können sie sogar die einzige Option für die Lungenisolation sein. In diesem Beitrag werden Indikationen für Bronchusblocker gezeigt und die verfügbaren Modelle mit praktischen Hinweisen vorgestellt. Im Anschluss wird die klinische Anwendbarkeit der Bronchusblocker mit der des Doppellumentubus verglichen.
Erhaltung kognitiver Funktionen im Alter
Authors: Eckert Gunter P. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungOmega-Fettsäuren sind ungesättigte Fettsäuren, die in pflanzlichen und tierischen
Ölen und Fetten vorkommen. Der Begriff „Omega“ bezieht sich auf das
Kohlenstoffende einer Fettsäure, die nachfolgende Zahl gibt die Position der
ersten Doppelbindung im Molekül vom Ende her gesehen an. Für den menschlichen
Körper besonders von Bedeutung sind Omega-3- und Omega-6-Fettsäuren.
α-Linolensäure (18 : 3 Omega-3, n-3) und Linolsäure (18 : 2 Omega-6, n-6) sind
essenzielle Fettsäuren, die mit der Nahrung zugeführt werden müssen.
Neuere Erkenntnisse über Vitamin D
Authors: Zittermann Armin 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungVitamin D ist
eine für den Menschen essenzielle Substanz, die eine zentrale Rolle bei der
Regulation des Calcium- und Phosphathaushalts spielt, aber auch eine Reihe
sogenannter nichtklassischer Wirkungen entfaltet wie immunmodulatorische
Effekte, Steigerung der Insulinsekretion und Sensitivität sowie Einfluss auf
Zelldifferenzierung und Apoptose. Als essenzielle Substanz muss Vitamin D dem
Körper lebenslang in ausreichender Menge zur Verfügung gestellt werden.
Videoendoskopische minimalinvasive inguinale Lymphknotenentfernung: eine komplikationsärmere Alternative zur offenen inguinalen Lymphadenektomie
Authors: Dobroschke Jakob , Groß Tina , Weitz Jürgen , Reißfelder Christoph 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Die offen-chirurgische inguinale Lymphknotenentfernung ist ein Standardverfahren bei onkologischen Lymphknotenentfernungen, die mit einer hohen Morbidität von bis zu 77% einhergeht. Diese Komplikationen verursachen häufig eine Verzögerung der adjuvanten Therapie. Im Rahmen dieses Videopapers soll das potenziell komplikationsärmere Verfahren der videoendoskopischen inguinalen Lymphknotenentfernung (VEIL) vorgestellt werden.
Indikation Die Indikationsstellung zur VEIL unterscheidet sich nicht zu den offen-chirurgischen Verfahren. Eine vorangegangene Sentinel-Lymphknoten-Entnahme stellt keine Kontraindikation dar.
Methode Nach stumpfer Dissektion auf der Scarpa-Faszie werden 3 – 4 Trokare eingebracht und der trianguläre Bereich der femoralen Lymphknoten disseziert. Durch CO2-Insufflation wird der chirurgische Arbeitsraum geschaffen und erhalten. Die entnommenen Lymphknoten werden mittels Bergebeutel über eine Trokareintrittsstelle entfernt.
Schlussfolgerung In verschiedenen Studien konnte belegt werden, dass die VEIL insbesondere in Bezug auf die Wundheilungsrate eine komplikationsärmere Alternative zum herkömmlichen offen-chirurgischen Verfahren darstellt.
Effects of in-country experience on the acquisition of oral communication skills in Japanese
Authors: Atsuzawa-Windley Sonomi , Noguchi Sachiko 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of in-country experience on oral communication skills in Japanese. Do students who have had in-country experience in Japan have a higher level of proficiency in any area of oral communication skills than those who have not? To what extent do students with in-country experience differ from those without in their acquisition of various areas of oral communication skills? The performance of subjects in the mid-year oral examination were used as data for this study and comparisons were made between those with and without in-country experience. We believe that linguistic competence alone is not sufficient for successful communication. The results of this study provide tentative evidence that in-country experience did have positive effects on the acquisition of oral communication skills. However, the relationship between the acquisition of more than one speech style and sociolinguistic competence also emerged as a complex issue.
The teaching of Chinese and the Chinese way of thinking
Authors: Wu Guo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe teaching of Mandarin Chinese can be enhanced by the application of principles underlying the Chinese way of thinking -the Conceptual Sequence Principle (CSP) (Wu 1992:53) and the Principle of Temporal Sequence (PTS) (Tai 1985:61). These are fundamental principles motivating syntactic structures and discourse organisations in Chinese. The two principles capture the most general tendency of Chinese syntactic structures and discourse organisation. CSP accounts for various double (or multiple) nominative constructions typical of the language including Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) and Object-Subject-Verb (OSV) patterns, whereas PTS explains the relative position of verbs in verb compounds and serial verb constructions, and the position of adverbials – typically those of time and location – in relation to the verb in a sentence, as well as the because-therefore discourse pattern (Kirkpatrick 1991:183). An understanding of the two principles will not only enable students to gain insight into the Chinese language and avoid common mistakes caused by the interference of their mother tongue, but also assist them to understand the Chinese way of thinking and achieve interactive competence in the language.
Strategy choice and the target language
Authors: White Cynthia 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This paper compares the strategies used by a group of English native speakers to develop competence in Japanese, a non-cognate language, and in a more familiar language, French. The participants were undergraduate students enrolled in both French and Japanese language courses. A verbal report procedure, the yoked subject technique, was used to gather data on strategy use by learners as they worked with target language materials. The data was analysed according to four dimensions of strategy use: metacognitive, cognitive, social and affective. The results indicated that the cognitive strategies learners used when learning Japanese diverged from those they used for learning French. The learning of Japanese was characterised by the use of repetition, writing out, and translation, with limited use of resourcing and no elaboration or inferencing strategies. The discussion of the results addresses the issue of the impact of language teaching methodology on cognitive strategy use, the effects of which cannot be readily separated from those of the structure of the target language.
Some examples of listening exercises in Mandarin
Authors: Lee Philip Yungkin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The developing of listening skills is one of the main problem areas of learning to speak Chinese. Beginning students are often baffled by Chinese words which they consider to be homophones, or by words differing only in tones. They need to be convinced that these problems inherent in learning the Chinese language can be overcome if they develop strategies to listen for structures meaning. Since Krashen (1980) pioneered the concept of Comprehensible Input, language teachers have tried to produce listening materials to simulate situations for students to practise authentic language. Some of these teachers include ESL teachers such as Penny Ur, Mary Underwood and Jack Richards. They have produced teachers’ resource books and conducted research on methodological issues. I have been a member of a team of teachers from the University of New South Wales who have undertaken to produce listening packages using authentic-like materials. One of the outcomes of this project is the production of Listening to Mandarin. This paper gives some examples of the strategies used and discusses problems in the teaching of listening comprehension in Mandarin.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA)
Authors: McDonald L Clifford , Gerding Dale N , Johnson Stuart , Bakken Johan S , Carroll Karen C , Coffin Susan E , Dubberke Erik R , Garey Kevin W , Gould Carolyn V , Kelly Ciaran , Loo Vivian , Shaklee Sammons Julia , Sandora Thomas J , Wilcox Mark H 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A panel of experts was convened by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) to update the 2010 clinical practice guideline on Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in adults. The update, which has incorporated recommendations for children (following the adult recommendations for epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment), includes significant changes in the management of this infection and reflects the evolving controversy over best methods for diagnosis. Clostridium difficile remains the most important cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea and has become the most commonly identified cause of healthcare-associated infection in adults in the United States. Moreover, C. difficile has established itself as an important community pathogen. Although the prevalence of the epidemic and virulent ribotype 027 strain has declined markedly along with overall CDI rates in parts of Europe, it remains one of the most commonly identified strains in the United States where it causes a sizable minority of CDIs, especially healthcare-associated CDIs. This guideline updates recommendations regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, infection prevention, and environmental management.
Effects of supplemental betaine to semen extenders on semen quality in boars
Authors: Lugar D W , Krom W A , Mings P D , Stewart K R 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of supplemental betaine in commercially available semen extenders. In experiment 1 (Exp1), semen was collected from six mature boars once weekly for 6 wk (3 wk in summer and 3 wk in winter) and diluted into a commercial extender with the following betaine concentrations: 0, 51, 102, and 205 mM. Semen samples were analyzed on the day of collection (D0) and after 72 h of storage (D3). In experiment 2 (Exp2), semen was collected from four mature boars for 3 wk and was diluted into three commercially available semen extenders (short term, ST; long term with bovine serum albumin, BSA; and long term without BSA, LT), with and without supplemental betaine (0 and 70 mM), and analyzed on D0 and D3. Semen was analyzed using computer-assisted sperm assessment (Ceros II, IMV) and morphology using phase contrast microscopy. In Exp1, total motility on D0 was less for 0 mM than that for 102 mM (P = 0.038) and was substantially reduced for 205 mM compared with 102 mM (P &lt; 0.001). Supplementation with 205 mM betaine resulted in a significant reduction in the percentage of morphologically normal sperm (P &lt; 0.001). In Exp2, 70 mM betaine reduced the total motility compared with 0 mM (P = 0.010) but did not impact percentage of normal sperm (P = 0.942). The use of supplemental betaine may partially alleviate the dilution effect on sperm, though boar genetics may impact its efficacy. Further research is needed to make a definitive conclusion.
The solution of the sixth Hilbert problem: the ultimate Galilean revolution
Authors: D'Ariano Giacomo Mauro 
Published: March 2018

I argue for a full mathematization of the physical theory, including its axioms, which must contain no physical primitives. In provocative words: ‘physics from no physics’. Although this may seem an oxymoron, it is the royal road to keep complete logical coherence, hence falsifiability of the theory. For such a purely mathematical theory the physical connotation must pertain only the interpretation of the mathematics, ranging from the axioms to the final theorems. On the contrary, the postulates of the two current major physical theories either do not have physical interpretation (as for von Neumann’s axioms for quantum theory), or contain physical primitives as ‘clock’, ‘rigid rod’, ‘force’, ‘inertial mass’ (as for special relativity and mechanics). A purely mathematical theory as proposed here, though with limited (but relentlessly growing) domain of applicability, will have the eternal validity of mathematical truth. It will be a theory on which natural sciences can firmly rely. Such kind of theory is what I consider to be the solution of the sixth Hilbert problem. I argue that a prototype example of such a mathematical theory is provided by the novel algorithmic paradigm for physics, as in the recent information-theoretical derivation of quantum theory and free quantum field theory.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Hilbert’s sixth problem’.
A short walk in quantum probability
Authors: Hudson Robin 
Published: March 2018

This is a personal survey of aspects of quantum probability related to the Heisenberg commutation relation for canonical pairs. Using the failure, in general, of non-negativity of the Wigner distribution for canonical pairs to motivate a more satisfactory quantum notion of joint distribution, we visit a central limit theorem for such pairs and a resulting family of quantum planar Brownian motions which deform the classical planar Brownian motion, together with a corresponding family of quantum stochastic areas.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Hilbert’s sixth problem’.
The quantumN-body problem in the mean-field and semiclassical regime
Authors: Golse François 
Published: March 2018

The present work discusses the mean-field limit for the quantumN-body problem in the semiclassical regime. More precisely, we establish a convergence rate for the mean-field limit which is uniform as the ratio of Planck constant to the action of the typical single particle tends to zero. This convergence rate is formulated in terms of a quantum analogue of the quadratic Monge–Kantorovich or Wasserstein distance. This paper is an account of some recent collaboration with C. Mouhot, T. Paul and M. Pulvirenti.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Hilbert’s sixth problem’.
Aggregation of Markov flows I: theory
Authors: MacKay R. S. , Robinson J. D. 
Published: March 2018

A Markov flow is a stationary measure, with the associated flows and mean first passage times, for a continuous-time regular jump homogeneous semi-Markov process on a discrete state space. Nodes in the state space can be eliminated to produce a smaller Markov flow which is a factor of the original one. Some improvements to the elimination methods of Wales are given. The main contribution of the paper is to present an alternative, namely a method to aggregate groups of nodes to produce a factor. The method can be iterated to make hierarchical aggregation schemes. The potential benefits are efficient computation, including recomputation to take into account local changes, and insights into the macroscopic behaviour.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Hilbert’s sixth problem’.
Non-canonical Wnt signalling initiates scarring in biliary disease
Authors: Wilson DH , Mellin RP , Younger NT , Jarman EJ , Raven A , Chen P , Dean CH , Henderson DJ , Kendall TJ , Boulter L 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCholangiopathies, or biliary diseases, account for a significant proportion of adult and paediatric liver disease. In these pathologies, iterative cycles of damage and repair result in the development of a regenerative microenvironment surrounding the bile ducts, which orchestrates both epithelial proliferation and also biliary fibrosis. Ultimately, fibrosis at the cost of repair results in cholestasis and liver failure, necessitating liver transplantation. Whilst the fibrogenic mechanisms in hepatocellular disease have been widely studied, little is known about the processes that regulate biliary scarring. We sought to determine how the injured biliary epithelium communicates to adjacent stromal cells to regulate scar formation, and to identify therapeutically targetable pathways that could be inhibited to reduce biliary scarring, whilst maintaining the pro-regenerative stroma. Using human tissue, bile duct organoids and animal models of biliary disease, we show that non-canonical Wnt signalling is important in initiating biliary scarring. This process is driven by myeloid Wnt5a and acts through epithelial Vangl2, which is upstream of Jnk/cJun signalling. Activation of this pathway drives a pro-fibrotic signalling process which instructs portal fibroblasts to synthesise collagen. Finally, we determine that therapeutic Wnt ligand inhibition reduces biliary scarring, identifying non-canonical Wnt signalling as a novel target for anti-fibrotic therapy in cholestatic biliary disease.
Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with okadaic acid express phosphorylated high molecular weight tau-immunoreactive protein species
Authors: Boban Mirta , Miškić Terezija , Babić Leko Mirjana , Hof Patrick R. , Šimić Goran 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecent data suggest that early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are characterized by an abnormally high phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein tau and truncation of its C-terminus. Tau hyperphosphorylation may result from the downregulation of phosphatases, especially protein phosphatase 2A. In an attempt to model and analyze these molecular events we treated SH-SY5Y cells with okadaic acid (OA), an inhibitor of protein phosphatases. In addition to the low molecular weight tau, such treatment lead to the appearance of heat-stable protein species with apparent high molecular weight around 100 kDa, which were immunoreactive to tau antibodies against phosphorylated Ser202 and phosphorylated Ser396. Based on the observation that high molecular weight tau-immunoreactive proteins (HMW-TIP) correspond to the predicted size of two monomers of tau, one possibility is that HMW-TIP represent tau oligomers. The absence of HMW-TIP detection by anti-total tau antibodies used may be a consequence of epitope masking, or a combination of epitope masking and protein truncation. We noted the stability of HMW-TIP in the presence of strong denaturing agents, such as urea and guanidine, as well as upon partial dephosphorylation by the alkaline phosphatase. Moreover, as HMW-TIP did not dissociate the presence of β-mercaptoethanol, it was also independent from disulfide bonds. Taken together, these data show that OA treatment of SH-SY5Y cells induces the appearance of HMW-TIP, which may represent tau oligomer or tau-crossreactive phospho-proteins. Our findings have implications for further studies of tau under the conditions of protein phosphatase downregulation.
Effects of larval density on gene regulation inC. elegansduring routine L1 synchronization
Authors: Chan Io Long , Rando Oliver J. , Conine Colin C. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBleaching gravidC. elegansfollowed by a short period of starvation of the L1 larvae is a routine method performed by worm researchers for generating synchronous populations for experiments. During the process of investigating dietary effects on gene regulation in L1 stage worms by single-worm RNA-Seq, we found that the density of resuspended L1 larvae affects expression of many mRNAs. Specifically, a number of genes related to metabolism and signalling are highly expressed in worms arrested at low density, but are repressed at higher arrest densities. We generated a GFP reporter strain based on one of the most density-dependent genes in our dataset –lips-15– and confirmed that this reporter was expressed specifically in worms arrested at relatively low density. Finally, we show that conditioned media from high density L1 cultures was able to downregulatelips-15even in L1 animals arrested at low density, and experiments usingdaf-22mutant animals demonstrated that this effect is not mediated by the ascaroside family of signalling pheromones. Together, our data implicate a soluble signalling molecule in density sensing by L1 stageC. elegans, and provide guidance for design of experiments focused on early developmental gene regulation.
Acute Food Deprivation Rapidly Modifies Valence-Coding Microcircuits in the Amygdala
Authors: Calhoon Gwendolyn G , Sutton Amy K , Chang Chia-Jung , Libster Avraham M , Glober Gordon F , Lévêque Clémentine L , Murphy G David , Namburi Praneeth , Leppla Christopher A , Siciliano Cody A , Wildes Craig P , Kimchi Eyal Y , Beyeler Anna , Tye Kay M 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn the quest for food, we may expend effort and increase our vulnerability to potential threats. Motivation to seek food is dynamic, varying with homeostatic need. What mechanisms underlie these changes? Basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (BLA→NAc) preferentially encode positive valence, whereas those targeting the centromedial amygdala (BLA→CeM) preferentially encode negative valence. Longitudinal in vivo two-photon calcium imaging revealed that BLA→NAc neurons were more active, while BLA→CeM neurons were less active, following just 1 day of food deprivation. Photostimulating BLA→CeM neurons inhibited BLA→NAc neurons at baseline, but food deprivation rapidly converted this inhibition into facilitation, supporting a model wherein BLA→NAc excitability mediates invigorated food-seeking behavior after deprivation. Indeed, inhibiting BLA→NAc reduced motivation for a caloric reinforcer in food deprived animals. Taken together, negative valence overrides positive valence processing in satiety, but changing homeostatic needs alter reward value via a rapid shift in the balance between projection-defined populations of BLA neurons.