bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling Crop Residue Harvest Effects on Soil Organic Carbon
Authors: Karlen Douglas L. , Schmer Marty R. , Kaffka Stephen , Clay David E. , Wang Michael Q. , Horwath William R. , Kendall Alissa , Keller Alan , Pieper B. John , Unnasch Stefan , Darlington Tom , Vocasek Fred , Chute Alan G. 
Published: November 2018

Core IdeasThe workshop demonstrated ASA‐CSSA‐SSSA capabilities to address complex problems.Corn is an important crop with regard to soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks.Crop residue management (CRM) effects on SOC stocks are complex and multi‐dimensional.Quantifying CRM effects on SOC is very important.Accurate but simple on‐farm measurement and monitoring techniques for SOC are needed.Crop residues protect soil resources, sustain soil organic carbon (SOC), cycle nutrients, support microbial communities, and provide bioenergy feedstock. Herein we (i) summarize the origin of the “Crop Residues for Advanced Biofuels: Effects on Soil Carbon” workshop; (ii) review the workshop structure; and (iii) present consensus points, unanswered questions, and outcomes of the workshop. Initiated by a farmer/ethanol investor’s letter to the American Society of Agronomy (ASA) President, an ASA Working Group (WG) was established to make a recommendation to the ASA Board on how to respond. The WG concluded a Tri‐Society sponsored workshop involving farmers, ethanol production and marketing groups, agronomists, crop scientists, soil scientists, engineers, non‐governmental organizations, life cycle analysis (LCA) experts, and regulatory personnel was needed to address the complex question that had been posed and to ensure all viewpoints were fully represented. The WG was expanded to an ASA Task Force who organized the workshop in Sacramento, CA. Eighty workshop attendees identified four consensus areas (crop residue management [CRM]; severity of soil erosion; tillage, CRM and erosion linkages; and the importance of simulation [LCA] models) and four unresolved themes (carbon sequestration, CRM effects on SOC stocks, changing climate effects, and the need to focus on ecosystem services rather than single endpoints). The workshop resulted in three direct outcomes: (i) development of a stakeholder funded SOC database, (ii) LCA and SOC model improvements, and (iii) development of this special section inAgronomy Journal. Dale and Ong (2014) concluded that large scale, renewable energy systems are no longer just a “good idea”; but essential, and during the next few decades society must develop systems capable of producing clean energy at the multi‐terawatt scale. Crop residues such as corn (Zea maysL.) stover, and other cellulosic materials were identified as potential feedstocks to meet this demand and have been rigorously evaluated for the past decade (e.g., Perlack et al., 2005; U.S. Department of Energy, 2011 and 2016). However, it is also well established that crop residues have important ecosystem service and productivity functions (Larson, 1979; Johnson, 2018; Ibrahim et al., 2018).
Critical Dilution Curves for Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in Potato Group Andigenum
Authors: Gómez Manuel Iván , Magnitskiy Stanislav , Rodríguez Luis Ernesto 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Diagnostics of mineral nutrition in field is poorly developed for potato group Andigenum.
Critical dilution curves for N, P, and K were validated in potato group Andigenum.
The critical dilution curve serve to identify macronutrient status and to predict yield of potato in the tropics.
The critical dilution curves (CDC) for nitrogen (Nc), phosphorus (Pc), and potassium (Kc) obtained from total dry biomass (W) and leaf area index (LAI) were used as a diagnostic tool to determine nutrient status and to adjust fertilization rates in two cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) group Andigenum. The research determined allometric ratios of Nc, Pc, and Kc (%) and nutrition index (NI) based on W and LAI in cultivars Diacol Capiro (Capiro) and Pastusa Suprema (Suprema). Additionally, optimal fertilization rate was evaluated to achieve maximum yields during two growth cycles in contrasting environments of the Andean zone of Colombia. The CDC was validated using W in Capiro: Nc = 6.23W −0.320; Pc = 0.523W −0.198; Kc = 9.02W −0.269 and in Suprema: Nc = 6.74 W −0.327; Pc = 0.536W −0.186; Kc = 6.58W −0.135 and presented higher robustness than the CDC obtained from LAI. Capiro presented a lower dilution coefficient b for Kc than Suprema. The NI ranged between 0.25 and 1.32 with better fit in Capiro and relative yields (RY) starting from 40% without fertilization; for Suprema, null to marginal response to fertilization was obtained, indicating a luxury uptake of N (NI 1–1.5) with RY starting from 70%. Except for this research, Nc, Pc, and Kc have not been validated for cultivars of group Andigenum. The CDC for this cultivated group could serve to identify deficiency, sufficiency, or excess of N, P, and K, and to predict final yield per cultivar under highland equatorial conditions.
Drying–Rewetting Cycles Affect Nitrate Removal Rates in Woodchip Bioreactors
Authors: Maxwell Bryan M. , Birgand François , Schipper Louis A. , Christianson Laura E. , Tian Shiying , Helmers Matthew J. , Williams David J. , Chescheir George M. , Youssef Mohamed A. 
Published: November 2018

Woodchip bioreactors are widely used to control nitrogen export from agriculture using denitrification. There is abundant evidence that drying–rewetting (DRW) cycles can promote enhanced metabolic rates in soils. A 287‐d experiment investigated the effects of weekly DRW cycles on nitrate (NO3) removal in woodchip columns in the laboratory receiving constant flow of nitrated water. Columns were exposed to continuous saturation (SAT) or to weekly, 8‐h drying‐rewetting (8 h of aerobiosis followed by saturation) cycles (DRW). Nitrate concentrations were measured at the column outlets every 2 h using novel multiplexed sampling methods coupled to spectrophotometric analysis. Drying–rewetting columns showed greater export of total and dissolved organic carbon and increased NO3 removal rates. Nitrate removal rates in DRW columns increased by up to 80%, relative to SAT columns, although DRW removal rates decreased quickly within 3 d after rewetting. Increased NO3 removal in DRW columns continued even after 39 DRW cycles, with ∼33% higher total NO3 mass removed over each weekly DRW cycle. Data collected in this experiment provide strong evidence that DRW cycles can dramatically improve NO3 removal in woodchip bioreactors, with carbon availability being a likely driver of improved efficiency. These results have implications for hydraulic management of woodchip bioreactors and other denitrification practices.Core Ideas
Weekly, 8‐h drying–rewetting (DRW) cycles increased nitrate removal in woodchip columns.
Increased nitrate removal in DRW columns declined with number of days since rewetting.
Nitrate removal corresponded to greater leaching of dissolved organic C in DRW columns.
Effect of DRW was significant even after 39 weekly DRW cycles.
Exploration of Umbelliferone Based Derivatives as Potent MAO Inhibitors: Dry vs. Wet Lab Evaluation
Authors: Dhiman Priyanka , Malik Neelam , Khatkar Anurag 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are potential drug candidates within therapeutics
of different neuropsychological and neurodegenerative disorders including anxiety, depression and Parkinson’s
disease.

Objective:
We investigated the MAO inhibitory effects of the umbelliferone based derivatives for the
treatment of neurological disorders. The potential antioxidant effects of the derivatives were evaluated
by DPPH and H2O2 scavenging methods.

Method:
A series of different umbelliferone derivatives was designed and synthesized, and the derivatives
were screened for hMAO-A and hMAO-B inhibition. Moreover, the mechanistic insight for enzyme-
compound infractions was achieved by docking simulation. The antioxidant potential was dually
assessed by two spectrophotometric titrations methods.

Results:
Compound 5 with bromo 5-bromo-isatin exhibited a remarkable hMAO-A inhibitory potential
(7.473±0.035 µM and the selectivity index of 0.14) revealing the impact of hybrid coumarin and 5-
bromo-2-oxoindolin-3-yl ring with hydrazine linker on the hMAO-A active site. Compound 13 exhibited
significant hMAO-B inhibition with an IC50 value of 10.32±0.044µM with an exceptional selectivity
index of 8.55. Incorporation of 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetate moiety on 2-oxo-2H-chromen ring led
the important binding infractions within the hMAO active site.

Conclusion:
Our findings revealed a good correlation between experimental MAO inhibition and docking
score by computational studies. Notably, the compounds with remarkable MAO inhibitory potential
were also observed as potential antioxidants.
Recognizing the Leaky Gut as a Trans-diagnostic Target for Neuroimmune Disorders Using Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Immunology Assays
Authors: Simeonova Denitsa , Ivanovska Mariya , Murdjeva Mariana , Carvalho Andre F. , Maes Michael 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Increased intestinal permeability with heightened translocation of Gramnegative
bacteria, also known as “leaky gut”, is associated with the pathophysiology of neuroimmune
disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CSF) and (deficit)
schizophrenia, as well as with general medical disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome. This review
aims to summarize clinical biochemistry and molecular immunology tests that may aid in the recognition
of leaky gut in clinical practice.
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Methods: We searched online libraries, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Scopus, with
the key words “diagnosis” or “biomarkers” and “leaky gut”, “bacterial translocation”, and “intestinal
permeability” and focused on papers describing tests that may aid in the clinical recognition of leaky gut.
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Results: To evaluate tight junction barrier integrity, serum IgG/IgA/IgM responses to occludin and zonulin
and IgA responses to actomyosin should be evaluated. The presence of cytotoxic bacterial products in
serum can be evaluated using IgA/IgM responses to sonicated samples of common Gram-negative gut
commensal bacteria and assays of serum lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and other bacterial toxins, including
cytolethal distenting toxin, subunit B. Major factors associated with increased gut permeability, including
gut dysbiosis and yeast overgrowth, use of NSAIDs and alcohol, food hypersensitivities (IgE-mediated),
food intolerances (IgG-mediated), small bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), systemic inflammation, psychosocial
stressors, some infections (e.g., HIV) and dietary patterns, should be assessed. Stool samples can be
used to assay gut dysbiosis, gut inflammation and decreased mucosal defenses using assays of fecal
growth of bacteria, yeast and fungi and stool assays of calprotectin, secretory IgA, β-defensin, α-
antitrypsin, lysozyme and lactoferrin. Blood and breath tests should be used to exclude common causes
of increased gut permeability, namely, food hypersensitivities and intolerances, SIBO, lactose intolerance
and fructose malabsorption.
<p>
Discussion: Here, we propose strategies to recognize “leaky gut” in a clinical setting using the most adequate
clinical chemistry and molecular immunology assays.
Antiproliferative Properties of Extracts from Stachys sieboldii MIQ
Authors: Na Eun , Lee Jung Woo , Winkler Stefan , Lim Sun Young 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The objective of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative effect of
Stachys sieboldii MIQ. extracts on cancer cell lines.

Methods:
Dried S. sieboldii MIQ. was extracted using acetone/methylene chloride (A+M) or methanol
(MeOH), and then fractionated using n-hexane, 85% aq. methanol (MeOH), butanol (BuOH) and distilled
water. The cytotoxic activity of S. sieboldii MIQ. against AGS human gastric, HT-29 human colon
and HT-1080 fibroblast cancer cell lines was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-
diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results:
The A+M extract showed significantly higher inhibition of cell growth in all three cell lines
compared to the MeOH extract (p < 0.05). All the extracts and fractions from S. sieboldii MIQ. decreased
the growth of AGS cells, and the effect was concentration-dependent. Among the different fractions,
the n-Hexane and 85% aq. MeOH fractions inhibited AGS cell growth by >50% at a concentration
of 0.1 mg/mL (p < 0.05). All fractions inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cancer cell lines (p <
0.05), showing >50% inhibition at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. The A+M extract inhibited the
growth of the HT-1080 cancer cells by 60% at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. The n-Hexane and 85%
aq. MeOH fractions showed the highest growth inhibitory effect on the HT-1080 cancer cells (p < 0.05),
similar to that observed in the AGS cancer cells.

Conclusion:
Thus, the n-Hexane and 85% aq. MeOH fractions from S. sieboldii MIQ. likely contain
bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids that could prevent cancer proliferation. Further
research is needed to isolate these important compounds from the extracts.
Improved Method for Obtaining of Arctigenin from Arctium Lappa L. and its Antiproliferative Effect on Human Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells
Authors: Teixeira Renan S. , Carvalho Paulo H.D. , Aguiar Jair A.K. , Medeiros Valquíria P. , Da Silva Filho Ademar A. , Nascimento Jorge W.L. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Arctigenin is a lignan found in Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) that displays
anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies showed that the crude extract of A. Lappa has antitumor
activity in human liver carcinoma, lung and stomach cancer cells. The aim of this study was to obtain
arctigenin from A. lappa L., as well as to evaluate its antiproliferative effects in cells of liver carcinoma
(HepG2) and fibroblasts (NIH/3T3).

Methods:
Arctigenin was obtained from the hydrolysis of arctiin, which was isolated from the crude
extract of A. lappa. The effects of arctigenin and arctiin on HepG2 cell viability and cell adhesion were
analyzed by MTT method. Adhesion assay was also carried out to evaluate the antitumor activity.

Results:
Our results showed that the analytical process to obtain arctigenin was fast and easy. In vitro
experiments showed that arctigenin (107-269 μM) decreased HepG2 cells viability and did not cause
cytotoxicity on NIH/3T3 cells. Arctigenin (27-269 μM) demonstrated anti-adhesion in HepG2 cells in a
concentration-dependent manner, when compared with control.

Conclusion:
These results suggest a promising pharmacological activity for arctigenin as an antiproliferative
compound.
Comparison of Mono-dopaminergic and Multi-target Pharmacotherapies in Primary Parkinson Syndrome and Assessment Tools to Evaluate Motor and Non-motor Symptoms
Authors: Werner Felix-Martin , Coveñas Rafael 
Published: November 2018

Background:Primary Parkinson syndrome is mostly treated by dopaminergic drugs, while the progression of the disease is not altered. Some non-dopaminergic are available, which are administered only after the Parkinsonian symptoms get worse.Objective:The objective of this review is to give basic results in order to compare a dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic pharmacotherapy in Parkinson’s disease and to control whether the add-on pharmacotherapy with non-dopaminergic drugs can inhibit the progression of the disease.Methods:In primary Parkinson syndrome, the altered activity of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the extrapyramidal system is summarized and up-dated. Anatomical studies on neural networks in the basal ganglia are mentioned. The direct, motor facilitatory pathway (D1 dopaminergic neurons) from the substantia nigra to the thalamus, via the internal globus pallidus, and the indirect, motor inhibitory pathway via D2 dopaminergic neurons have been considered. These established anatomical pathways have been brought in line with the neural interactions derived from neurotransmitter balances or imbalances. Besides, preclinical and clinical studies of effective non-dopaminergic anti-Parkinsonian drugs are reviewed.Results:It can be hypothesized that glutamatergic neurons enhance dopamine deficiency in the substantia nigra and putamen through an increased presynaptic inhibition mediated by NMDA receptors. In the putamen, 5-HT2A serotonergic neurons counteract D2 dopaminergic neurons and A2A adenosine neurons antagonize D2 dopaminergic neurons by activating glutamatergic neurons, which presynaptically inhibit via subtype 5 of metabotropic glutamatergic receptors, D2 dopaminergic neurons. In the extrapyramidal system, an up-dated neural network, which harmonizes established anatomical pathways with derived neural interactions, is presented. In Parkinson’s disease, a question should be answered, whether a combination of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic drugs can promote an increased motor and non-motor functioning.Conclusion:A mono-target pharmacotherapy (using only dopaminergic drugs) and a multi-target pharmacotherapy (i.e. by combining dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic drugs) are compared. The alternate administration of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic anti-Parkinsonian drugs, administered at different times during the day, must be tested in order to inhibit the progression of the disease. Assessment tools can be used to evaluate motor and cognitive functions. Moreover, imaging examination techniques can be also applied to control the course of the disease.
The Computational Prediction Methods for Linear B-cell Epitopes
Authors: Jia Cangzhi , Gong Hongyan , Zhu Yan , Shi Yixia 
Published: November 2018

Background:
B-cell epitope prediction is an essential tool for a variety of
immunological studies. For identifying such epitopes, several computational predictors have been
proposed in the past 10 years.

Objective:
In this review, we summarized the representative computational approaches developed
for the identification of linear B-cell epitopes.
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Methods: We mainly discuss the datasets, feature extraction methods and classification methods
used in the previous work.

Results:
The performance of the existing methods was not very satisfying, and so more effective
approaches should be proposed by considering the structural information of proteins.

Conclusion:
We consider existing challenges and future perspectives for developing reliable
methods for predicting linear B-cell epitopes.
Extending Arms of Insulin Resistance from Diabetes to Alzheimer’s Disease: Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Gupta Smriti , Singhal Nitin Kumar , Ganesh Subramaniam , Sandhir Rajat 
Published: November 2018

Background & Objective:Type 3 diabetes (T3D) is chronic insulin resistant state of brain which shares pathology with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD). Insulin signaling is a highly conserved pathway in the living systems that orchestrate cell growth, repair, maintenance, energy homeostasis and reproduction. Although insulin is primarily studied as a key molecule in diabetes mellitus, its role has recently been implicated in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Severe complications in brain of diabetic patients and metabolically compromised status is evident in brain of AD patients. Underlying shared pathology of two disorders draws a trajectory from peripheral insulin resistance to insulin unresponsiveness in the central nervous system (CNS). As insulin has a pivotal role in AD, it is not an overreach to address diabetic condition in AD brain as T3D. Insulin signaling is indispensable to nervous system and it is vital for neuronal growth, repair, and maintenance of chemical milieu at synapses. Downstream mediators of insulin signaling pathway work as a regulatory hub for aggregation and clearance of unfolded proteins like Aβ and tau.Conclusion:In this review, we discuss the regulatory roles of insulin as a pivotal molecule in brain with the understanding of defective insulin signaling as a key pathological mechanism in sAD. This article also highlights ongoing trials of targeting insulin signaling as a therapeutic manifestation to treat diabetic condition in brain.
Association of Monoclonal Gammopathy with Progression to ESKD among US Veterans
Authors: Burwick Nicholas , Adams Scott V. , Todd-Stenberg Jeffrey A. , Burrows Nilka Rios , Pavkov Meda E. , O’Hare Ann M. 
Published: November 2018

Background and objectivesWhether patients with monoclonal protein are at a higher risk for progression of kidney disease is not known. The goal of this study was to measure the association of monoclonal protein with progression to ESKD.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 2,156,317 patients who underwent serum creatinine testing between October 1, 2000 and September 30, 2001 at a Department of Veterans Affairs medical center, among whom 21,898 had paraprotein testing within 1 year before or after cohort entry. Progression to ESKD was measured using linked data from the US Renal Data System.ResultsOverall, 1,741,707 cohort members had an eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 283,988 had an eGFR of 45–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 103,123 had an eGFR of 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m2and 27,499 had an eGFR of 15–29 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The crude incidence of ESKD ranged from 0.7 to 80 per 1000 person-years from the highest to lowest eGFR category. Patients with low versus preserved eGFR were more likely to be tested for monoclonal protein but no more likely to have a positive test result. In adjusted analyses, a positive versus negative test result was associated with a higher risk of ESKD among patients with an eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2(hazard ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 2.29) and those with an eGFR of 15–29 ml/min per 1.73 m2(hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.77), but not among those with an eGFR of 30–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2.Progression to ESKD was attributed to a monoclonal process in 21 out of 76 versus seven out of 174 patients with monoclonal protein and preserved versus severely reduced eGFR at cohort entry.ConclusionsThe detection of monoclonal protein provides little information on ESKD risk for most patients with a low eGFR. Further study is required to better understand factors contributing to a positive association of monoclonal protein with ESKD risk in patients with preserved and severely reduced levels of eGFR.