bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy of intermittent theta burst stimulation and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients
Authors: Zheng Wenao , Shi Xian , Chen Ya , Hou Xinle , Yang Zhiyuan , Yao Weina , Lv Tingyu , Bai Feng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation, a derivative of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, has been applied to improve cognitive deficits. However, its efficacy and mechanisms in enhancing cognitive function in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment compared with traditional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation paradigms remain unclear. This study recruited 48 amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients, assigning them to intermittent theta burst stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and sham groups (5 times/wk for 4 wk). Neuropsychological assessments and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected pre- and post-treatment. Regarding efficacy, both angular gyrus intermittent theta burst stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation significantly improved general cognitive function and memory compared to the sham group, with no significant difference between the 2 treatment groups. Mechanistically, significant changes in brain activity within the temporoparietal network were observed in both the intermittent theta burst stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation groups, and these changes correlated with improvements in general cognitive and memory functions. Additionally, intermittent theta burst stimulation showed stronger modulation of functional connectivity between the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and temporal regions compared to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The intermittent theta burst stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve cognitive function in amnestic mild cognitive impairment patients, but intermittent theta burst stimulation may offer higher efficiency. Intermittent theta burst stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation likely enhance cognitive function, especially memory function, by modulating the temporoparietal network.
A receptor-based assay to study the sweet and bitter tastes of sweeteners and binary sweet blends: the SWEET project
Authors: Belloir Christine , Jeannin Mathilde , Karolkowski Adeline , Scott Corey , Briand Loïc 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sweeteners are used in the food industry to provide sweetness similar to sugar and to decrease the caloric intake and risks associated with obesity. However, some sweeteners are characterized by bitter, metallic and other off-tastes. Sensory and cellular studies have demonstrated synergies between sweetener blends, which are responsible for enhancing sweetness. This study aimed to identify new sweetener blends that are able to enhance sweetness intensity without causing bitter off-taste using in vitro functional expression of taste receptors. The dose–response of the sweet taste receptor (TAS1R2/TAS1R3) was determined for sucrose and 9 sweeteners and was consistent with their sweetness potency. Stimulation of TAS1R2/TAS1R3 by 6 binary sweetener blends confirmed 3 known synergies determined by sensory analysis, including sucralose/acesulfame-K, rebaudioside A/erythritol and rebaudioside A/thaumatin, and revealed 2 new synergies, known as, neotame/D-allulose and mogroside V/thaumatin. No synergy was observed for the rebaudioside M/mogroside V blend, probably due to their common binding sites on the sweet taste receptor. The ability of the 9 selected sweeteners to activate the 25 human bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) was tested. The cellular-based assay demonstrated that sucralose, acesulfame-K, rebaudioside A, mogroside V and D-allulose activated at least 2 TAS2Rs. Sucralose, acesulfame-K and rebaudioside A exhibited lower EC50 values for TAS1R2/TAS1R3 than for TAS2Rs, which may explain their absence of bitter off-taste at low concentrations, unlike mogroside V and D-allulose. Our data provide a receptor-based understanding of the complex synergies among sweetener blends and an effective approach for testing new sweeteners while avoiding the activation of TAS2Rs.
Impact of Point-of-Care Birth Test-and-Treat on Clinical Outcomes Among Infants With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Cluster-Randomized Trial in Mozambique and Tanzania
Authors: Jani Ilesh V , Sabi Issa , Elsbernd Kira , Meggi Bindiya , Mahumane Arlete , Lwilla Anange Fred , Pereira Kassia , Boniface Siriel , Edom Raphael , Lequechane Joaquim , Chale Falume , Chiwerengo Nhamo , Ntinginya Nyanda E , Mudenyanga Chishamiso , Mueller Mariana , Rauscher Martina , Hoelscher Michael , Taveira Nuno , Buck W Chris , Kroidl Arne ,   the LIFE Study Consortium, Ellyin Lise , Patricio Araújo , Mutsaka Dadirai , Samuel Lara , Bocharnikov Sergey , Bollinger Timothy , Simbine Wilson , Bakuli Abhishek , Lueer Cornelia , Saathoff Elmar , Zekoll Fidelina , Rieß Friedrich , Geisenberger Otto , Marcelino Rute , Zumba Absalao , Machavae Daniel , Vubil Adolfo , Duajá Ana , Ndarissone Jacinto Adolfo , Manuel Joao , Maviga Maria , Ismael Nalia , Morais Jorge , Mabunda Nedio , Vubil Adolfo , Mecupa Fatima , de Sousa Amina , Kisinda Abisai , Mangu Chacha , Pamba Doreen , Paschal Festina , Mahiga Hellen , Stephen Janeth , Njovu Lilian , Haule Magreth , Lyoba Oliver , Mbunda Theodora , Olomi Willyhelmina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
We assessed the impact of point-of-care (PoC) test-and-treat at birth on clinical outcomes and viral suppression among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive infants in Mozambique and Tanzania.

Methods
This cluster-randomized trial allocated health facilities to intervention, providing PoC testing and antiretroviral treatment (ART) at birth and week 4–8, or control, starting these at week 4–8. The primary outcome was proportions of clinical events (mortality, morbidity, retention, virological failure, toxicity) among HIV-positive infants at month 18. We estimated incidence rate ratios adjusted for timing of HIV detection (aIRR) and reported viral suppression &lt;1000 copies/mL.

Results
Among 6602 neonates enrolled during October 2019–September 2021, 125 were diagnosed with HIV by week 12. In the intervention arm, 38 of 69 (55.1%) were diagnosed at birth. In the control arm, 27 of 56 (48.2%) were retrospectively detected to be HIV-positive at birth, of whom 6 of 56 (10.7%) died or were lost to follow-up before testing. Median age at ART initiation was 6 (intervention) versus 33 days (control). Birth test-and-treat was not associated with a significant reduction in clinical outcomes up to month 18 (53 [76.8%] vs 48 [85.7%]; aIRR, 0.857 [95% confidence interval, .505–1.492]), but showed a 68% relative reduction in 6-month mortality. Viral suppression was poor overall.

Conclusions
PoC test-and-treat at birth is feasible in resource-poor settings and resulted in clinically relevant reduction of early mortality, though improved clinical outcomes were not sustained to month 18. Poor viral suppression may undermine early benefits, calling for better pediatric treatments and adherence interventions.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04032522.
Acceptance of Inequality Between Children: Large-Scale Experimental Evidence from China and Norway
Authors: Cappelen Alexander W , Falch Ranveig , Huang Zhongjing , Tungodden Bertil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In a novel large-scale experiment, we study how adults in two societies, Shanghai (China) and Norway, make real distributive decisions involving children. We find that acceptance of inequality between children increases with the ages of the children, is affected by the source of inequality and the cost of redistribution, and is lower than acceptance of inequality between adults. We document a large cross-societal difference in inequality acceptance: adults in Shanghai implement twice as much inequality between children compared with adults in Norway. Finally, we show that the willingness to accept inequality between children is predictive of attitudes to child policies.
Pregnancy in obese women and mechanisms of increased cardiovascular risk in offspring
Authors: Cochrane Anna L K , Murphy Michael P , Ozanne Susan E , Giussani Dino A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pregnancy complicated by maternal obesity contributes to an increased cardiovascular risk in offspring, which is increasingly concerning as the rates of obesity and cardiovascular disease are higher than ever before and still growing. There has been much research in humans and preclinical animal models to understand the impact of maternal obesity on offspring health. This review summarizes what is known about the offspring cardiovascular phenotype, describing a mechanistic role for oxidative stress, metabolic inflexibility, and mitochondrial dysfunction in mediating these impairments. It also discusses the impact of secondary postnatal insults, which may reveal latent cardiovascular deficits that originated in utero. Finally, current interventional efforts and gaps of knowledge to limit the developmental origins of cardiovascular dysfunction in offspring of obese pregnancy are highlighted.
Anatomical-guided third-generation laser balloon ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation assessed by continuous rhythm monitoring: results from a multicentre prospective study
Authors: Ciconte Giuseppe , Schiavone Marco , Rovaris Giovanni , Salerno Raffaele , Giaccardi Marzia , Montemerlo Elisabetta , Gasperetti Alessio , Piazzi Elena , Negro Gabriele , Cartei Stella , Rondine Roberto , Boccellino Antonio , Mitacchione Gianfranco , Pozzi Mattia , Casiraghi Mirko , De Ceglia Sergio , Arosio Roberto , Calovic Zarko , Vicedomini Gabriele , Forleo Giovanni B , Pappone Carlo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
The third-generation laser balloon (LB3) is an established ablation device for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) that allows direct visualization of the anatomical target. Equipped with an automatic circumferential laser delivery modality, it aims at continuous circumferential PVI, improving both acute and clinical outcomes. We sought to evaluate the clinical efficacy of LB3 ablation using an anatomical-based approach without verifying electrical isolation.

Methods and results
Among 257 paroxysmal AF patients undergoing LB3 ablation across four Italian centres, 204 (72% male, mean age 60.4 ± 11.1 years) were included. The primary endpoint was freedom from any atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) recurrence after the blanking period (BP), assessed with implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs). All pulmonary veins (PVs) were targeted using the LB3, with the RAPID mode used on an average of 96 ± 8, 86 ± 19, 98 ± 11, and 84 ± 15% for the left superior, left inferior, right superior, right inferior PV, and left common ostium, respectively. Freedom from arrhythmia recurrences was 84.8% at 1, 80.4% at 2, and 76.0% at 3 years. An ATa burden ≥ 5% was documented in 2.5, 4.4, and 5.4% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Relapses during the BP [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.182, P = 0.032] and left atrial dilation (HR = 1.964, P = 0.048) were independent predictors of recurrences.

Conclusion
Anatomical-guided LB3 ablation for paroxysmal AF is a safe and effective approach, providing excellent clinical outcomes as assessed by ICM over nearly 3 years of follow-up.
Employment in low-skilled jobs as trigger and consequence of poor health—a longitudinal perspective from Germany
Authors: Kaboth Arthur , Hünefeld Lena , Himmelreicher Ralf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite evidence of correlations between low-skilled jobs and poor health, the longitudinal perspective on this research topic has been neglected in Germany for decades. Therefore, we investigate (i) the causal relationship between accumulated employment in low- or medium-skilled jobs on self-rated health and (ii) the selective association of self-rated health on transitions from medium- to low-skilled jobs. About 26 313 dependent employees and persons aged 25–50 from 2010 to 2020 in the German Socio-Economic Panel were included. Linear fixed-effects models were used to analyse the impact of accumulated employment in low- or medium-skilled jobs on self-rated health. Linear probability models with fixed effects were calculated to identify the effect of self-rated health on transitions between low- and medium-skilled jobs. Accumulated employment in low-skilled jobs impacts self-rated health significantly. There is no confirmation for accumulated employment in medium-skilled jobs concerning health. Poor self-rated health increases the probability of transitioning from medium- to low-skilled jobs but does not impact the reverse transition. Poor self-rated health can push employees into low-skilled jobs. Against the background of extended working lives and preserving the labour force potential, there is a need for action and research concerning employees in low-skilled jobs.
Unveiling detoxifying symbiosis and dietary influence on the Southern green shield bug microbiota
Authors: Rogowska-van der Molen Magda A , Savova Hristina V , Janssen Elke A T , van Alen Theo , Coolen Silvia , Jansen Robert S , Welte Cornelia U 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Southern green shield bug, Nezara viridula, is an invasive piercing and sucking pest insect that feeds on crops and poses a threat to global food production. Insects live in close relationships with microorganisms providing their host with unique capabilities, such as resistance to toxic plant metabolites. In this study, we investigated the resistance to and detoxification of the plant metabolite 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA) by core and transient members of the N. viridula microbial community. Microbial community members showed a different tolerance to the toxin and we determined that six out of eight strains detoxified NPA. Additionally, we determined that NPA might interfere with the biosynthesis and transport of l-leucine. Moreover, our study explored the influence of diet on the gut microbial composition of N. viridula, demonstrating that switching to a single-plant diet shifts the abundance of core microbes. In line with this, testing pairwise microbial interactions revealed that core microbiota members support each other and repress the growth of transient microorganisms. With this work, we provide novel insights into the factors shaping the insect gut microbial communities and demonstrate that N. viridula harbours many toxin-degrading bacteria that could support its resistance to plant defences.
Particle-attached bacterial communities are more susceptible to seasonal environmental fluctuations in mesotrophic than eutrophic tropical reservoirs
Authors: Xiao Jingyi , Hao Sijia , Xiao Li-Juan , Yang Yang , Wu Qinglong L , He Dan , Zhou Lijun , Hu Ren , Ren Lijuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Particle-attached bacterial (PAB) communities play pivotal roles in water organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and the natural self-purification processes. However, we know little about their responses to seasonal environmental fluctuations, under eutrophication in reservoir ecosystems. In this study, we studied the shifts of PAB communities to seasonal environmental fluctuations in tropical China. Trophic state index (TSI) indicated that the studied reservoirs ranged from mesotrophic to eutrophic state with a gradual increase in TSI from 31 to 58. In eutrophic reservoirs, Cyanobacteria, especially Raphidiopsis raciborskii, significantly increased in its relative abundance from wet to dry season, but Synechococcales and Microcystaceae decreased. In contrast, the relative abundance of Clostridia, Bacilli, Coriobacteriia, Enterobacteriales, and Vibrionales were more susceptible to seasonal environmental fluctuations in mesotrophic than eutrophic reservoirs. PAB co-occurrence relationships in mesotrophic reservoirs varied more greatly in response to seasonal environmental fluctuations, compared with eutrophic reservoirs, in terms of topological properties of connectedness, average degree, robustness and vulnerability. Our results further demonstrated that the seasonal stability of PAB co-occurrence relationships was strongly correlative with TSI through mediating key bacterial taxa and community biodiversity. We proposed that eutrophication dramatically reduced the seasonal variation of PAB community compositions and co-occurring relationships in reservoir ecosystems.
A single mutation G454A in the P450 CYP9K1 drives pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus reducing bed net efficacy
Authors: Djoko Tagne Carlos S , Kouamo Mersimine F M , Tchouakui Magellan , Muhammad Abdullahi , Mugenzi Leon J L , Tatchou-Nebangwa Nelly M T , Thiomela Riccado F , Gadji Mahamat , Wondji Murielle J , Hearn Jack , Desire Mbouobda H , Ibrahim Sulaiman S , Wondji Charles S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metabolic mechanisms conferring pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors are jeopardizing the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions, and identification of their markers is a key requirement for robust resistance management. Here, using a field-lab-field approach, we demonstrated that a single mutation G454A in the P450 CYP9K1 is driving pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus in East and Central Africa. Drastic reduction in CYP9K1 diversity was observed in Ugandan samples collected in 2014, with the selection of a predominant haplotype (G454A mutation at 90%), which was completely absent in the other African regions. However, 6 years later (2020) the Ugandan 454A-CYP9K1 haplotype was found predominant in Cameroon (84.6%), but absent in Malawi (Southern Africa) and Ghana (West Africa). Comparative in vitro heterologous expression and metabolism assays revealed that the mutant 454A-CYP9K1 (R) allele significantly metabolizes more type II pyrethroid (deltamethrin) compared with the wild G454-CYP9K1 (S) allele. Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster flies expressing 454A-CYP9K1 (R) allele exhibited significantly higher type I and II pyrethroids resistance compared to flies expressing the wild G454-CYP9K1 (S) allele. Furthermore, laboratory testing and field experimental hut trials in Cameroon demonstrated that mosquitoes harboring the resistant 454A-CYP9K1 allele significantly survived pyrethroids exposure (odds ratio = 567, P &lt; 0.0001). This study highlights the rapid spread of pyrethroid-resistant CYP9K1 allele, under directional selection in East and Central Africa, contributing to reduced bed net efficacy. The newly designed DNA-based assay here will add to the toolbox of resistance monitoring and improving its management strategies.
Multidomain finite-difference and Chebyshev pseudospectral hybrid method for elastic wave simulation: two-dimensional case
Authors: Sun Wenliang , Zhang Wei , Wang Wenqiang , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Efficient and accurate seismic wave simulations are important for waveform inversion and strong ground motion simulation in regions with complex surface topography. The finite-difference method (FDM) is widely used for these simulations due to its simplicity and high efficiency. High-order FDM mitigates dispersion and dissipation errors through higher-order schemes, allowing the use of larger grid spacings and increasing efficiency. However, achieving a high-order and stable implementation of the free surface boundary condition remains challenging. To address this, this paper introduces a novel multidomain finite-difference and Chebyshev pseudospectral hybrid method (multidomain FDM/PSM) for elastic wave modeling. This method divides the computational domain into multiple subdomains along the vertical direction, employing characteristic boundary conditions for patching subdomains and implementing the free surface boundary condition. Within each subdomain, a high-order finite-difference scheme is applied horizontally, complemented by a Chebyshev pseudospectral scheme based on Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto (CGL) points in the vertical direction. To prevent excessive point density at mesh edges and avoid overly small time steps, we only use grid configurations with 13 or less CGL points. Using a hybrid approach that integrates a 13-point central stencil finite-difference scheme with a 9-point Chebyshev pseudospectral scheme, we achieve waveform errors under 0.5% while requiring only four points per wavelength. Numerical examples demonstrate that the multidomain FDM/PSM effectively simulates the propagation of elastic waves in models with complex structures and topography. While the current study focuses on two-dimensional (2D) problems, the method can be readily extended to three-dimensional (3D) problems.
2-[18F]F-p-Aminobenzoic Acid Specifically Detects Infective Endocarditis in Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Schulte Johannes , Maurer Andreas , Domogalla Lisa-Charlotte , Steinacker Nils , Wadle Carolin , Kinzler Johannes , Eder Matthias , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Krohn-Grimberghe Marvin , Eder Ann-Christin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening disease with high mortality, particularly when caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus). Traditional diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, blood cultures, and imaging (eg, echocardiography) but lacks methods for direct bacterial detection on the endothelium. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography is emerging as valuable in unclear IE cases. This study evaluates 2-[18F]F-p-aminobenzoic acid (2-[18F]F-PABA), a bacteria-specific PET tracer, for detecting IE.

Methods
In vitro assays measured 2-[18F]F-PABA uptake by S aureus, distinguishing living bacteria from dead cells. A mouse model of IE provided proof-of-concept PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for diagnosing IE. Additionally, a subcutaneous abscess model with larger bacterial vegetations was used to enhance imaging of bacterial uptake.

Results
2-[18F]F-PABA uptake by S aureus was confirmed in vitro, with accumulation limited to living bacteria and varying across strains. In vivo, 2-[18F]F-PABA PET/MRI successfully visualized IE in mice. In the subcutaneous abscess model, the tracer effectively localized S aureus vegetations, emphasizing its potential in detecting bacterial foci.

Conclusions
This study highlights the potential of 2-[18F]F-PABA PET imaging for direct visualization of IE. Future research may further investigate its diagnostic performance in larger models, aiming toward clinical application as a precise, pathogen-specific imaging tool for managing IE.