bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a new analytical RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Glibenclamide and Atenolol in bulk
Authors: Anitha P  , Ramkanth S  , Satyanarayana S V  
Published: September 2019

A new, simple, reliable, fast, sensitive and economical RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of two fixed-dose combinations frequently prescribed in coexisted chronic diseases such as diabetes (GLB) and hypertension (ATN) in bulk for the first time. The mobile phase used for the chromatographic runs consisted of 0.01N potassium dihydrogen ortho phosphate (pH 4.8) and acetonitrile (55:45, v/v). The separation was achieved on column (BDS C18 250 x 2.1mm, 1.6m) using isocratic mode. Drug peaks were well separated and were detected by a UV detector at 235.0 nm. The method was linear at the concentration range 2.5-15µg/ml for Glibenclamide (GLB) and 6.25-37.5µg/ml for Atenolol (ATN), respectively. The method has been validated according to ICH guidelines with respect to system suitability, specificity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The method was validated for system suitability, linearity, accuracy, precision, detection, quantification limits and robustness and was found it is acceptable in the range of 2.5–15 µg/ml for GLB and 6.25–37.5 µg/ml for ATN. The LOD and LOQ of GLB was found to be 0.48 µg/ml and 1.47µg/ml and for ATN was found to be 0.72µg/ml and 2.20 µg/ml, respectively. The method was applied to drug interaction studies of GLB with ATN to illustrate the scope and application of the methods to manage two different therapeutic classes of drugs, as they may co-administered in concurrent diseases.
Arazi Toplulaştırması Dağıtım İşleminde Tek Amaçlı Genetik Algoritmanın Kullanılması
Authors: EROĞLU Hüseyin , ŞİŞMAN Yasemin 
Published: September 2019

Arazi
toplulaştırması projelerinin başarısını doğrudan etkileyen en önemli adım olan
blok dağıtımında birçok faktörün dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Blok dağıtımı
karmaşık, uzun zaman alan işlemdir ve büyük ölçüde dağıtımı yapan kişinin bilgi
ve tecrübesine bağlıdır. Bu sorunlar dağıtım işlemi için yeni yöntemler
geliştirilmesi ihtiyacını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu yüzden blok dağıtımı için
yöneylem araştırma teknikleri, blok öncelikli model, mekânsal karar destek
sistemleri, genetik algoritma ve hibrit dağıtım yöntemleri geliştirilmeye
çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada; dağıtım işlemi için önemli bir sorun olan blok
dengelemesi ihtiyacını ortadan kaldıran bir dağıtım yöntemi önerilmiştir.
Dağıtım, dengeli ulaştırma problemi olarak ele alınmış ve tek amaçlı genetik
algoritma kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu yöntemde blok dengelemesi
problemine odaklanılmıştır. Bu yüzden dağıtım tek bir amaç fonksiyonuna göre
yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Burdur Gölhisar Arazi Toplulaştırma Projesi Evciler köyü
verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu yönteme göre yapılan uygulama sonuçları ile proje
sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Uygulama
sonucunda bloklarda eksiklik ya da fazlalık oluşmamıştır ve blok dengelemesi
yapılmamıştır. Sonuç olarak genetik algoritma yönteminde toplulaştırma oranı %
27’den % 41’e yükselmiştir.
Konya Kapalı Havzası Obruk Envanter Bilgi Sisteminin Oluşturulması
Authors: ORHAN Osman , KIRTILOĞLU Osman Sami , YAKAR Murat 
Published: September 2019

Ülkemizde özellikle Konya Kapalı Havzasında(KKH)’da 2000 yılından sonra oluşumları hızla artan karstik yer şekillerinden olan obruk oluşumları jeolojik, iklimsel ve antropojenik etkilere bağlı olarak meydana gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, obruk oluşumlarının yol açtığı maddi/manevi kayıpların azaltılması ve obrukların mekânsal dağılımını kontrol eden çevresel faktörlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamak amacı ile web ve bulut tabanlı haritalama servisleri kullanılarak obruk envanter bilgi sisteminin oluşturulmuştur.
THE IMPACT ANALYSIS OF ASEAN-JAPAN COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP (AJCEP) FOR TRADE FLOW AND ECONOMIC GROWTH’S CONVERGENCE
Authors: Darsono Tri Arifin , Hakim Dedi Budiman , Rindayati Wiwiek 
Published: September 2019

Free Trade Area (FTA) between ASEAN and Japan, which is called ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP), has been established since 2002 as goods and services flow gateway. AJCEP plays an important role to bring the development, economic security, and economic power. It can also boost the economic growth among member of ASEAN-Japan. The objectives of this research were to analyze the factors that can influence the ASEAN-Japan countries import with non-member, to analyze the occurrence of trade creation and trade diversion in trading sector among ASEAN-Japan countries with non-member, and to analyze the occurrence of economic growth's convergence in ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership (AJCEP) not only among ASEAN-Japan countries, but also with non-member trading partners. The Gravity Model was used to analyze import factors and observing the occurrence of trade creation or trade diversion. The GMM model was used to observe the convergence of economic growth. The research are used Panel data methods with periods 2000 until 2013 in 13 countries. The research found that the coefficient values in trade creation and trade diversion dummy were 0.92 and 31.41. The positive value in trade creation and trade diversion indicated the occurrence of trade creation in the import flow among ASEAN-Japan countries and non-member trading partners, as well as finding the convergence of economic growth among ASEAN-Japan countries. The convergence level was of 0.0153417 can be interpreted that the velocity to reach steady state condition was 2.00 percent per year with the assumption of ceteris paribus. The duration to reach convergence condition or half life of convergence was about 34 years. The research found the trade creation from AJCEP agreement and the occurrence of economic growth’s convergence. Based on the result, Indonesian government would likely to make relationships among countries member and non-member to invest in real sector that will boost economic growth in Indonesia. Keywords: ASEAN-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership, Growth’s convergence, gravity model, GMM model, trade creation, trade diversion.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI VOLUME EKSPOR UDANG PUTIH (PENAEUS INDICUS) INDONESIA KE HONGKONG SERTA IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKANNYA
Authors: Silitonga Betrix , Hutagaol Manuntun Parulian 
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian exports of white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) to Hongkong and to formulate policies that can increase the volume of exports. Ordinary Least Square method (OLS) is used to analyze the factors that affect the volume of Indonesian white shrimp exports to Hongkong by time series data (time series) period of the last 24 years (1990 until 2013). All independent variables that have significant influence on the volume of Indonesian exports of white shrimp, which are: Hongkong population, Hongkong GDP per capita constant 2005, the nominal selling price of white shrimp Indonesia to Hongkong, the nominal selling price of white shrimp competitor to Hongkong, the nominal exchange rate of the Indonesian to Hongkong and Indonesian economic crisis in 1998 (dummy). Key words: Hongkong, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), the export volume, the white shrimp (Penaeus indicus)
Pemberian Kalium Buah Pisang Lampung terhadap Densitas Mineral Tulang pada Lansia
Authors: Waliyo Edy , Nopriantini Nopriantini , Festilia Agusanty Shelly 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Effect of Lampung Banana Potassium on Bone Mineral Density in the Elderly. This study aims to determine the eﬀect of banana lampung on bone mineral density in the elderly in the Social Welfare Tresna Werdha and Werdha Graha Kasih Father’s home). This research is a research with experimental design with the separate sample pretest posttest control group design. The research was carried out in the Tresna Werdha Social Institution and the Werdha Graha Kasih Father’s house, from May to July 2017. The sampling technique was taken by random sampling The result of potassium feeding on 150 grams of banana per day for 30 days by increasing BMD T-score of 0.17 while in control group (without banana lampung) BMD T-score decreased by - 0.32. After intervention in both groups showed a diﬀerence of BMD T-score of 0.49. Abstrak: Pemberian Kalium Buah Pisang Lampung terhadap Densitas Mineral Tulang pada Lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengetahui pengaruh pemberian buah pisang lampung terhadap bone mineral density pada lansia di wilayah Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha dan panti Werdha Graha Kasih Bapa). Penelitian yang dilakukan ini adalah penelitian dengan desain eksperimen dengan rancangan the separate sample pretest posttest control group design. Penelitian dilaksanakan di wilayah Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha dan panti Werdha Graha Kasih Bapa), mulai bulan Mei s/d Juli 2017. Teknik sampling diambil dengan cara random sampling Hasil pemberian kalium pada buah pisang lampung sebanyak 150 gr setiap hari selama 30 hari dengan dapat meningkatkan BMD T-score sebesar 0,17 sedangkan pada kelompok control (tanpa pemberian buah pisang lampung) BMD T-score menurun sebesar - 0,32. Setelah intervensi pada ke dua kelompok menunjukkan adanya perbedaan BMD T-score sebesar 0,49.
ASGARİ GEÇİM İNDİRİMİ UYGULAMASINDA ÜCRETLİ VE İŞVERENLERİN SORUMLULUĞU
Authors: TÜRKAY İmdat 
Published: September 2019

193 sayılı Gelir Vergisi Kanununda yer alan ve tam mükellef gerçek kişilerin elde ettiği ücret gelirlerine uygulanan asgarî geçim indirimi uygulaması 2008 yılından bu yana uygulanmaktadır. Asgari geçim indirimi uygulamasından ücret geliri tevkif suretiyle vergiye tabi tutulan ücretliler ile tevkifata tabi tutulmadığı için yıllık beyanname veren ücretliler yararlanmaktadır. Asgari geçim indirimi tutarı, ücretin elde edildiği takvim yılı başında geçerli olan asgarî ücretin yıllık brüt tutarına ücretlinin kendisi, eşi ve çocuklarının durumu dikkate alınarak belirlenen oranların uygulanmasıyla bulunan tutarın, gelir vergisi tarifesinin birinci gelir dilimine karşılık gelen oranla çarpımı sonucu yıllık ve aylık olarak hesaplanmaktadır. İşverenler tarafından hesaplanan asgari geçim indirimi tutarı, çalışanlara ödenen aylık ücret tutarı üzerinden hesaplanan gelir vergisinden mahsup edilmek suretiyle ücretliye ödenmekte ve bu tutarlar işverenler tarafından muhtasar beyannamede tevkif suretiyle kesilen vergiler toplamından mahsup edilmektedir. Sistemin doğru işleyebilmesi, ücretli ve işverenlerin yasal düzenlemeler doğrultusunda sorumluluklarını yerine getirmesine bağlı bulunmaktadır.
The Sustainability of Rural Livelihoods and Ecology among Small-Holder Coffee Farmers in the Eastern Districts of Zimbabwe, 1980-2018
Authors: Taringana Takesure , Mtisi Joseph P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the sustainability of rural livelihoods and ecology from small-scale coffee production in the Eastern Districts of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 2018. When Zimbabwe attained political independence in 1980, the government made deliberate efforts at encouraging smallholder commercial farming, particularly of coffee in the Eastern Districts of the country. Emphasis on smallholder coffee production was couched within the pitch of black empowerment designed to counter exploitative colonial policies that segregated against blacks. Smallholder commercial agriculture was regarded as the best conduit to improve rural livelihoods and integrate rural economies in the mainstream economic grid, and also to promote environmental protection. Despite efforts invested in the development of smallholder coffee production, livelihoods and ecological sustainability based on the coffee business were elusive and, over time, the sector has failed. A number of factors explain this, including vacillating government policy, organisational challenges, the commodity problem and chronic dependency on donor funding. These developments attract a critical scholarly discourse to analyse livelihoods and ecological sustainability in the coffee business.
Governance and Management of Coastal Zones. Algarve (Portugal): A Historical View of the Impacts of Seaside Tourism
Authors: de Freitas Joana Gaspar , Alveirinho Dias João 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present an example of the contribution of environmental historical research as a tool base for policy-making and coastal management. Based on an analysis of the tourist phenomenon in the Algarve, and using the Spanish experience as a point of comparison, it presents a consideration of the complex political, economic and social processes that led to the support of a kind of tourism, which was, in part, responsible for the environmental problems of those regions. Research shows that different perceptions, values and uses concerning coastal areas determined the strategies and the solutions adopted in the governance and management of these spaces. The impact of human ideas and practices shaped coastal environments and produced unintended side-effects (e.g. coastal erosion), forcing people to take new actions. The history of these human-environment relationships should not be ignored by those who have responsibilities in coastal issues as it offers insights about the inherited status and what failed or succeeded in terms of management.
This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Predictors for delayed linguistic skills in very preterm infants
Authors: Resch M. , Bresele S. , Kager K. , Pupp Peglow U. , Griesmaier E. , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U. 
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND: Preterm-born children are at higher risk for impaired linguistic abilities than are their term-born peers. The aim of the current study was to determine early predictors for delayed linguistic skills in very preterm-born preschool children. METHODS: Between January 2005 and November 2010 all very preterm infants born at < 32 weeks gestation in Tyrol were prospectively enrolled ( n = 421); 248 of them had a detailed examination at the age of five years including cognitive assessment (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, third edition (WPPSI-III) or Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Tests (SON-R)) as well as a screening test for language skills (Bielefelder screening for early diagnosis of reading problems and weak spelling (BISC)). The association between pre-and postnatal factors and poor performance on the BISC assessment was analyzed by means of logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 248 children 79 (31.8%) showed delayed literacy precursor skills. Male sex, gestational age, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) grades 3–4 and low maternal education were predictive for delayed linguistic skills at 5 years of age in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: This study identified predictors for delayed literacy precursor skills. These data support the finding that in very preterm infants pre-and perinatal as well as sociodemographic factors account for linguistic skills in the preschool period.
Relasi Estetika dengan Kebenaran: Kajian Integrasi Teori Simetri Sains Fisika dan Al-Qur’an
Authors: Nur Afrizal , Putra Imansyah 
Published: September 2019

Dalam artikel ini dijelaskan bagaimana kaitan antara kebenaran dan keindahan, tentunya keterkaitannya sangatlah erat dalam perkembangan sains modern, khususnya dalam kajian ilmu fisika. Bahasa keindahan itu dalam fisika diungkap dalam formulasi matematis teori grup dan ungkapan simetri-simetrinya. Ada sebuah ungkapan dalam fisika kontemporer bahwa hukum fisika didikte oleh simetri yang berati simetri yang merupakan bahasa keindahan dalam sains menentukan sebuah strategi bagi sains untuk merunut hukum baru yang lebih mempunyai skala aceptabilitas yang luas. Kenyataan ini memberikan sebuah pengayaan wacanan sangat luas bagaimana integrasi sains dan agama adalah sebuah keniscayaan penting, meningkat elemen penting yang sangat dihargai internalisasinya dalam agama adalah keindahan. Dalam kajian ini juga diberikan tinjauan soal konsep keindahan dalam Islam dan interelasinya yang erat dengan kebenaran. Oleh karena itu integrasi sains dan agama dapat dipandang sebagai sebuah jalan mencapai keindahan tertinggi yang berarti usaha mencapai kebenaran tertinggi. Suatu hal yang merupakan bagian penting dari pandangan universal manusia.
Kontroversi Islam Revisionis : David S. Powers, Zayd Ibn H}a>rithah dan Tertutupnya Pintu Kenabian
Authors: Qadafy Mu’ammar Zayn 
Published: September 2019

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan kontroversi buku David S. Powers yang berjudul “Muhammad is Not the Father of Any of Your Men: The Making of The Last Prophet”, salah satu masterpiece dari seorang akademisi yang ingin merevisi sejarah Islam dari versi yang biasa dipahami umat Islam. Buku ini juga menjadi salah satu karya revisionis yang mendapatkan paling banyak atensi berupa pujian sekaligus kritik. Review-review atas buku Powers tersebut juga dijadikan referensi utama dalam artikel ini.Dengan menguraikan dasar argumentasi Power beserta tanggapan para pemerhati sejarah Islam awal, artikel ini ingin menunjukkan bahwa dalam asumsinya yang paling mendasar sekalipun, karya Powers -dan karya revisionis lain- memiliki kelemahan metodologis: (1) asumsi dasar Powers tentang “genealogi kenabian” dan “doktrin tertutupnya pintu kenabian dalam Islam” muncul dari keyakinannya tentang adanya pola khas yang sama di antara agama-agama samawi. Usahanya untuk menemukan pola khas ini menjadikan Power apatis terhadap reliabilitas sumber Islam tradisional dan secara membabi buta menganggap semuanya fiksi dan fabula; (2) Percobaan intertekstualisasi yang dilakukan Powers terlalu absurd dan tidak apple to apple karena menggunakan dokumen sejarah di millennium kedua sebelum masehi untuk membaca sejarah di abad ke-7 Masehi; (3) rekonstruksi kodikologis Powers terhadap kata kallah vis a vis kala>lah gagal menjelaskan logika kebahasaan di balik amnesia leksikografik massal terhadap kata pertama dan muncul dengan tiba-tibanya kata kedua. Powers juga mengenyampingkan temuan lain bahwa kata kala>lah sudah dipakai sejak zaman Pra-Islam dan bahwa perbaikan manuskrip al-Qur’an yang ia temukan semata-mata hanyalah sejenis haplografi saja.
Posisi Al-Qur`an DalamIntegrasi Ilmu : Telaah Terhadap Pemikiran Kuntowijoyo dan M. Dawam Rahardjo
Authors: Wardani Wardani 
Published: September 2019

The integration of knowledge has become a central issue emerging among scholars in Indonesian Islamic universities. Some ideas have been proposed to make “bridge” between religious and secular knowledge, as we can see, for instance, in the thought of Kuntowijoyo on “prophetic social sciences”, M. Dawam Rahardjo on “decolonization of social sciences”, M. Amin Abdullah on “spider web of knowledge”, and Mulyadhi Kartanegara on “holistic reconstruction of knowledge”.The researches conducted so far have not touched the core problem in all these proposed ideas yet, namely the place of the Qur`an as a revelation in the integration of knowledge. In fact, the Qur`an constitutes a source of knowledge and, at the same time, an inspiring and guiding scripture, for Moslem’s beliefs, praactices, and thought. Therefore, neglecting the Qur`an in constructing Moslem’s thought on the integration of knowledge will make our understanding the issue artificial. The present article is aimed at studying the thought of Kuntowijoyo and M. Dawam Rahardjo by focusing the discussion on main points: firstly, on the place the Qur`an in the integration of knowledge (as inspiration,source of knowledge, or starting point in building theory) (and the present author will describe data as they are); secondly, intellectual and social background that play important role behind the ideasand modes of use of the Qur`an for intellectual enterprises (and the present author will go into deep analysis on factors or contexts in which the ideas formed); thirdly, the originality, strength, and weakness of the ideas (and the present author will examine the ideas in accordance with some standards).
Acuerdo de partenariado económico UE-Japón
Authors: De la Unión Europea Subdirección General de Política Comercial 
Published: September 2019

El 1 de febrero de 2019 entró en vigor el Acuerdo de Libre Comercio entre la Unión Europea y Japón, también conocido como Acuerdo de Asociación Económica o EPA (Economic Partnership Agreement, por sus siglas en inglés).
La UE y Japón suman alrededor de la cuarta parte del PIB mundial. El EPA constituye un acuerdo amplio, ambicioso y profundo, que va más allá de las cuestiones de acceso al mercado y que facilitará e impulsará los intercambios comerciales y de inversión entre las dos regiones, con el fin último de contribuir positivamente al crecimiento y a la generación de empleo.
TEPUNG DAUN SINGKONG (Monihot utilissima) TUA SEBAGAI SUMBER PROTEIN ALTERNATIF DALAM FORMULA PAKAN IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Syahrizal Syahrizal , Ghofur Muarofah , Safratilofa . , Sam Rahmat 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe feed as a source of energy for the growth of fish is a component of the most important costs 40-89% and the quality should be good. The solution is through research. Research in the form of meal cassava leaves (Monihot utilissima) parents as a source of alternative protein substitute for fish meal in feed formulation catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The design used Complete Random Design with 4 treatments and 3 repetitions. The results showed that for the growth and the survival between treatments were not significant (P <0.5), meaning that all treatments were no differences can be categorized and feed ingredients of flour cassava leaves can replace most of the presence of meal fish in fish feed formulas African catfish. Growth of the best catfish are on treatment A (55% meal cassava leaf: 00% fish meal) with daily growth of 8.27 grams was 2.61% and the B (40%% meal cassava leaves: 15% meal fish) 5.28 gram with daily growth is 1.86%, followed by C (15%% meal cassava leaves: 15% meal fish ) 1:51% and D (0% meal cassava leaves : 55% meal fish ) 1:33%. Catfish survival rate was not significant (P <0.5), and relatively equally well A (96.17%), B (94.77) and C (95.92) and the best in treatment for D (96.37 ). As users are advised to wear formulations in treatment B (40% meal fish and 15% meal cassava leaves old). Keywords: Catfish, Ffeed, Meal fish, Meal cassava leaves AbstrakPakan sebagai sumber energi bagi pertumbuhan ikan merupakan komponen biaya yang paling besar 40-89% dan kualitasnya harus baik. Solusinya melalui penelitian. Penelitian berupa tepung daun singkong (Monihot utilissima) tua sebagai sumber protein alternatif penganti tepung ikan dalam formulasi pakan ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus). Rancangan digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa untuk pertumbuhan dan kelulusan hidup antar perlakuan tidak signifikan (P < 0,5), artinya semua perlakuan tidak ada perbedaan dan dapat dikatagorikan bahan pakan dari tepung daun singkong dapat mengantikan sebagian keberadaan tepung ikan dalam formula pakan ikan lele dumbo. Pertumbuhan ikan lele terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan A (55% tepung daun singkong : 00% tepung ikan) 8,27 gram dengan pertumbuhan harian adalah 2.61% dan pada B (40% % tepung daun singkong : 15% tepung ikan) 5,28 gram dengan pertumbuhan harian adalah 1.86%, diikuti C (15% % tepung daun singkong :15% tepung ikan) 1.51% dan D (0 % tepung daun singkong : 55% tepung ikan) 1.33%. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan lele tidak signifikan (P < 0,5), dan relatif sama baiknya A (96,17%), B (94,77) dan C (95,92) dan terbaik pada perlakuan untuk D (96,37). Sebagai pengguna disarankan memakai formulasi pada perlakuan B (40% Tepung ikan dan 15% tepung daun singkong tua). Kata kunci: Ikan lele, Pakan, Tepung ikan, Tepung Daun Singkong Tua