bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landward-directed Dispersal of Benthic Foraminiferal Propagules At Two Shallow-water Sites in the Doboy Sound Area (Georgia, U.S.A.)
Authors: Weinmann Anna E. , Goldstein Susan T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransport of foraminiferal propagules is an important mode of dispersal in benthic foraminifera. Known to occur from tidal marshes and estuaries to deep-water environments, the former are particularly vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Because rising sea levels can have profound implications on local salinity and associated faunal compositions, transport of foraminiferal propagules within these environments can be crucial for local assemblages to respond to changing conditions.Here we focus on a shallow-water environment in southeastern Georgia to evaluate whether propagule transport occurs evenly or whether it shows a predominant direction, such as land- or seaward. Two sites were sampled in the Doboy Sound area: the southern tip of Sapelo Island and a site on the North River located approximately 10 km inland. We applied the propagule method using the fine fraction of the sediments that contains the propagule bank. Experimental conditions in the laboratory included three temperatures (18, 24 and 30°C) and three salinities (15, 25 and 35) to simulate a range of environments that might trigger the growth of various foraminiferal species. While adult in situ assemblages of both sites were at least partly influenced by the adjacent salt marshes, experimentally grown assemblages were dominated by mudflat, estuarine or more open marine species. Thus, propagule transport from the more terrestrial side of the assemblage gradient is limited, while propagules of more marine species can be transported far into the extensive estuarine system of the study area, where they can remain viable within the local propagule banks. Results provide important insights into possible changes in foraminiferal assemblages with rising sea-level on the Georgia coast.
Micro- and Nanostructures of Calcareous Foraminiferal Tests: Insight from Representatives of Miliolida, Rotaliida and Lagenida
Authors: Dubicka Zofia , Owocki Krzysztof , Gloc Michał 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe test structures of Lagenida, Rotaliida, and Miliolida (Foraminifera) are described at an unprecedented scale of resolution. Observations using conventional and field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct micro- and nanoscale differences in the textural compositions of these three main groups of calcifying foraminifers, consistent with recent molecular phylogenetic reconstructions and a higher-level taxonomic system. The rotaliid test is entirely composed of roughly spherical primary carbonate nanograins, up to 100 nm in diameter, which merge into micrometer-sized irregular aggregates. The miliolid test is made up of two morphologically different primary crystallites. Arbitrarily arranged needle-shaped elements (up to 1 µm in length and 200 nm in width) make up the bulk of the test, including the inside of the wall (porcelain) and mineralized inner surface (intrados) (ca. 100 nm in thickness). Roughly spherical nanograins (up to 50 nm in diameter) form more or less regularly arranged polygons of an outer lamina (extrados), which is ca. 200 nm in thickness. By contrast, the lagenid test texture is characterized by much larger crystals than in other calcifying foraminifers. At moderate magnification, lagenid tests display a fibrous texture composed of fiber bundles (tens of μm in length and several μm in width) that are oriented perpendicular to test surfaces and taper towards the ends when in contact with another lamina. At higher magnification, each bundle constitutes a single calcite crystal with an inner pore extending along the entire length of the crystal/fiber.We measured test hardness using the nanoindentation method. This is the first application of this technique in microfossils. We found that Cretaceous Lagenida tests were more resistant to mechanical stress than Rotaliida tests. These comparative strengths may be linked to internal test microstructure and play a role in determining habitats in which these taxa can live.
Recent Benthic Foraminifers from the South Atlantic Shelf of Argentina
Authors: Bernasconi Emiliana , Mansilla Mario , Cusminsky Gabriela 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine foraminiferal associations from recent sediments of Argentina's continental shelf (39–41ºS, 59–61ºW; 11–70 m) and assess their relationship to physicochemical parameters. From 20 samples, all dominated by sandy sediments (>80% sand), 44 species of foraminifers were identified, most commonly Buccella peruviana. Recovered foraminiferal tests were generally well preserved, with morphologies indicating predominantly epifaunal, free-living detritivores from well-oxygenated waters. Multivariate analyses showed a strong correlation between foraminiferal assemblages and four zones related to physicochemical parameters. Zone I included the offshore samples from depths of 40–70 m where waters were slightly colder and more saline. Zone II samples were all collected from depths of 30–40 m that were intermediate in temperature. Zone III occurred at 20–40 m depth where sediments were characterized by some gravel content. Zone IV included the inshore sites (<20 m) offshore from the Rio Colorado delta. This work contributes to the knowledge of foraminifers on Argentina's continental shelf, complementing earlier studies of foraminiferal distributions and ecology from the region.
Foraminiferal Solubility Rankings: a Contribution To the Search For Consensus
Authors: Petró Sandro M. , Pivel María A. G. , Coimbra João C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Factors intrinsic to foraminiferal tests result in different degrees of susceptibility to dissolution. Differential resistance to dissolution among planktonic foraminifera has been studied in several regions, but no previous work has been reported for the western South Atlantic. The goal of this research was to develop a dissolution susceptibility ranking for planktonic foraminifera from the western South Atlantic Ocean, to compare the solubility between benthic and planktonic foraminifera, and to evaluate changes in the oxygen isotopic signal (δ18O) associated with dissolution. Two experiments were carried out by immersing tests in acetic acid or distilled water for 200 days. Our comparison revealed that tests of planktonic foraminifera were more resistant to dissolution than the benthic species tested, which has implications for use of the planktonic/benthic ratio (P/B) as a preservation proxy. Solubility of tests is directly proportional to the Mg content in the calcite structure, which varies widely across benthic taxa but is consistently low in planktonics. The δ18O increased during dissolution, probably due to the preferential dissolution of the internal chambers, making the remaining calcite progressively reflect the composition of the last chambers. Our solubility ranking for planktonic foraminifera agreed in part with rankings for foraminifera from other regions. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Globorotalia inflata proved to be resistant species; Globigerinella calida, Globigerinella siphonifera, Globorotalia hirsuta, Candeina nitida, and Trilobatus trilobus were moderately resistant; and Globorotalia fimbriata and Orbulina universa were most susceptible to dissolution. Presence and condition of benthic genera such as Quinqueloculina, Hoeglundina and Bulimina, and the planktonic species O. universa can be used to indicate limited dissolution in paleoceanographic studies. Small variations in the dissolution index may also reflect oceanographic changes that influence the composition of the tests, indicating the importance of regional solubility rankings, such as this study for the western South Atlantic.
Morphological Distinction of Three Ammonia Phylotypes Occurring Along European Coasts
Authors: Richirt Julien , Schweizer Magali , Bouchet Vincent M. P. , Mouret Aurelia , Quinchard Sophie , Jorissen Frans J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe high morphological variability observed in the genus Ammonia, together with its global distribution, led to the description of a plethora of species, subspecies, and varieties. Until now, many researchers used a limited number of (morpho-)species, and considered the numerous varieties as ecophenotypes. Recently, molecular studies show that these putative ecophenotypes are, in reality, well-separated genetically and should rather be considered as separate species. This study aims to investigate the morphological characteristics of three phylotypes (T1, T2, and T6) belonging to the genus Ammonia, encountered along European coasts. For this purpose, Ammonia specimens were sampled at 22 locations between 2014 and 2016 and were imaged using an environmental SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). For 96 specimens, images of the spiral, umbilical, and peripheral sides were obtained and pore features were investigated using 1000x magnified images of the penultimate chamber on the spiral side. Sixty-one morphometric parameters were measured for each individual. To assign specimens to their respective phylotypes, we employed molecular analyses using SSU (Small Sub-Unit) rDNA fragments. A multivariate approach (Factorial Analysis of Mixed Data, FAMD), allowing the joint analysis of quantitative and qualitative measurements, was used to determine the most reliable morphometric parameters to discriminate the three phylotypes. Our results show that the use of only two morphological characteristics is sufficient to differentiate the three pseudocryptic species: the raised or flush character of the sutures on the central part of the spiral side and the mean pore diameter. These two criteria, which can be observed with a standard stereomicroscope, provide an efficient method to discriminate T1, T2, and T6 with at least 90% accuracy. We consider that there is still insufficient information to reliably assign previously defined formal scientific names to the three phylotypes, and therefore we recommend the continued use of phylotype designations T1, T2, and T6. Our results make it possible to study the distribution of these three pseudocryptic species (T1, T2, and T6) on the basis of stereomicroscope examination alone, which means these species can also be more easily recognized in dead/fossil assemblages. Among other things, this will allow verification in sediment cores of the putative recent introduction in European coastal areas of T6, which is often considered an exotic species originating from East Asia.
Recognition of Truncorotalia Crassaformis As a Modern Planktonic Foraminiferal Morphospecies in the Caribbean and Equatorial Atlantic Ocean and Proposal of a Neotype
Authors: Scott George H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo clarify patterns of within-population variation in Truncorotalia crassaformis and their bearing on selection of a neotype, the shape of shells from two Caribbean sediment traps was analyzed statistically. These data were compared with those from a Holocene equatorial Atlantic core, from topotypes of Globigerina crassaformis Galloway and Wissler (Lomita Quarry, California), and from type specimens of Globorotalia oceanica. This approach was used because the holotype (now destroyed) was the only designated specimen. Morphometric analyses of shells in axial and spiral orientations use data from equally-spaced coordinates around their outlines recorded from SEM imagery. Special attention is given to the profile of the last-formed chamber and to development of a keel at its periphery. Comparison of data from 150 m and 700 m traps shows that the former population includes only small, possibly pre-adult specimens that are non-crusted. Shell shape, especially in axial orientation is much less variable than in the 700 m sample which includes many encrusted and kummerform specimens. Variation in the Holocene sample is closely similar to that in the 700 m trap. Between group comparisons show that the holotype and two paratypes of Globorotalia oceanica plot within the morphospaces of the trap and Holocene samples. All are referred to Truncorotalia crassaformis on the basis of their shape, calcification patterns, and notably the absence of a keel or carina on the final chamber. It is likely that its holotype had this attribute. The axial shape of the neotype is similar to the modelled mean shape of specimens from the sediment traps. Topotypes with a keel on all chambers of the outer whorl are identified as Truncorotalia aff. crassacarina.
Detection of active pathogenic bacteria under stress conditions using lytic and specific phage
Authors: Ben Said Myriam , Ben Saad Marwa , Achouri Faouzi , Bousselmi Latifa , Ghrabi Ahmed 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this study, we have monitored the potential activity of a foodborne and waterborne pathogenic bacterium, Salmonella typhi, under starvation conditions. The interaction between lytic phage and starved-VBNC pathogenic bacteria was studied to establish reliable methods for the detection of active cells before resuscitation. The analysis of phage kinetic parameters has demonstrated the flexibility of lytic with the quantity and mainly the quality of host cells. After 2 h of phage-starved-VBNC bacteria interaction, the reduction of phage amplification rate can reveal the ability of specific-lytic phage to recognize and to attach to their host cells with a probability of burst and release of infectious phages by active bacteria. After an extension of the latent period, the boost of the phage amplification rate was directly related to the positive interaction between potential intracellular ‘engaged’ phages and potential active bacteria. Furthermore, the modeling of the Salmonella-specific phage growth cycle in relationship with starved host cells can highlight the impact of the viability and the activity state of the host cells on the phage's growth cycle.
Molecular Topological Properties of Alkylating Agents Based Anticancer Drug Candidates Via Some Ve-degree Topological Indices
Authors: Ediz Süleyman , Cancan Murat 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Reckoning molecular topological indices of drug structures gives the data
about the underlying topology of these drug structures. Novel anticancer drugs have been leading
by researchers to produce ideal drugs.

Materials and Methods:
Pharmacological properties of these new drug agents explored by utilizing
simulation strategies. Topological indices additionally have been utilized to research pharmacological
properties of some drug structures. Novel alkylating agents based anticancer drug candidates
and ve-degree molecular topological indices have been introduced recently.

Results and Conclusion:
In this study we calculate ve-degree atom-bond connectivity, harmonic,
geometric-arithmetic and sum-connectivity molecular topological indices for the newly defined
alkylating agents based dual-target anticancer drug candidates.
Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcus haemolyticus - Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Gulati Neelam , Sharma Shiwani , Gupta Ravi , Soni Ashwani , Chander Jagdish 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are important. The common
antibiotics used for the treatment of the infections caused by CoNS are penicillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin,
clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Linezolid is an oxazolidinone
group of antibiotic with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It is used for the treatment of serious
infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria resistant to other antibiotics, including streptococci,
vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).

Aim and Objective:
This study emphasizes on the judicious use of newer antibiotics to contain
the spread of resistance.

Methods:
We are discussing five cases of Linezolid resistant Staphylococcus Haemolyticus which
were reported in our laboratory during one year from patients with device related infections and
also review of literature is being presented for an update.

Results:
In our study, the isolates were resistant to other groups of antimicrobials but susceptible to
glycopeptides. All the isolates were methicillin-resistant.

Conclusion:
Linezolid is approved as an alternative drug to be given for catheter-related bloodstream
infections. In earlier studies, linezolid-resistant staphylococci have been reported increasingly
all over the world. This study is to create awareness amongst clinicians that improper and
excessive use of linezolid will make this antibiotic-resistant and thus will be of no help in future,
so judicious and relevant use of antibiotics needs to be emphasized.
Current Status and Use of Resources of Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Analysis of a Spanish Claims Database
Authors: Darbà Josep , Marsà Alicia 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:
The knowledge of the pathophysiology of Lysosomal Storage Disorders has
gradually increased, but information on their incidence is still scarce. The objective of this study was to
evaluate the status and use of resources of these disorders in Spain from 1997 to 2015.

Methods:
Records from 4,999 patients diagnosed with a Lysosomal Storage Disorder were extracted
from a Spanish database containing data from public and private hospitals from 1997 to 2015.

Results:
The database registered 2,441 patients with an LSD in Spain during the study period. Leukodystrophy,
Krabbe disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and sulfatide lipidosis represented, as a
group, the most common combination of diseases in Spain, affecting 26% of total patients. The average
age of diagnosis of these disorders was 16.7 years. A sex bias was observed in most of the groups,
with a proportion of male/female of 60 to 40%. The direct medical cost of Lysosomal Storage Diseases
was €5,686 per patient with an average cost per hospital admission of €4,923. Global costs displayed a
growing tendency.

Conclusions:
Contrary to worldwide disease incidence estimations, the group with Krabbe disease registered
the highest number of patients in the study period, which makes evident the need for accurate
regional disease incidence and patient demographic studies. Altogether, data suggest the need to improve
LSDs diagnostic protocols, and support the inclusion of these disorders in standard newborn
screening programs.
Amine Derivative from the Aerial Part of Spilanthes acmella Murr. and their Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
Authors: Widyowati Retno , Ekasari Wiwied , Purwitasari Neny 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Spilanthes acmella Murr. is included in Asteraceae family which is used as
a traditional remedy for tooth-aches, and originated from Africa, America, Borneo, India, Sri Lanka,
Bangladesh, China, Japan, Thailand, and Indonesia. The present research aims to isolate the amine
derivative from the ethyl acetate layer of this plant and to evaluate the isolated compounds of
alkaline phosphatase activity as a sign of bone formation.

Methods:
The air-dried plants of Spilanthes acmella Murr. were extracted with methanol, then partitioned
with n-hexane and ethyl acetate successively by using liquid-liquid extraction, and then the
chromatographic techniques were repeated, such as silica gel, octadecyl silylated silica gel, and
HPLC. The isolated compounds were determined by spectrometric analysis using ultraviolet, infrared,
high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR.

Results:
Benzenepropanoic acid, 4 hydroxy-2-oxo-3 piperidinyl ester (1), was isolated from the
ethyl acetate layer of the whole plants of Spilanthes acmella Murr. together with dendranthemoside
A (2), uridine (3), icariside B2 (4), chicoriin (5), dendranthemoside B (6), and ampelopsisionoside
(7) from their butanol layer.

Conclusion:
An amine derivative, a benzenepropanoic acid that determined as 4 hydroxy-2-oxo-3
piperidinyl ester (1) was isolated and reported for the first time from the ethyl acetate layer of
Spilanthes acmella naturally. All the isolated compounds from this plant stimulated alkaline phosphatase
activity as a mark of bone formation up to 128%.
eRegTime, Efficiency of Health Information Management Using an Electronic Registry for Maternal and Child Health: Protocol for a Time-Motion Study in a Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Lindberg Marie Hella , Venkateswaran Mahima , Abu Khader Khadija , Awwad Tamara , Ghanem Buthaina , Hijaz Taghreed , Mørkrid Kjersti , Frøen J Frederik 
Published: August 2019

Background
Paper-based routine health information systems often require repetitive data entry. In the West Bank, the primary health care system for maternal and child health was entirely paper-based, with care providers spending considerable amounts of time maintaining multiple files and client registers. As part of the phased national implementation of an electronic health information system, some of the primary health care clinics are now using an electronic registry (eRegistry) for maternal and child health. The eRegistry consists of client-level data entered by care providers at the point-of-care and supports several digital health interventions that are triggered by the documented clinical data, including guideline-based clinical decision support and automated public health reports.

Objective
The aim of the eRegTime study is to investigate whether the use of the eRegistry leads to changes in time-efficiency in health information management by the care providers, compared with the paper-based systems.

Methods
This is a substudy in a cluster randomized controlled trial (the eRegQual study) and uses the time-motion observational study design. The primary outcome is the time spent on health information management for antenatal care, informed and defined by workflow mapping in the clinics. We performed sample size estimations to enable the detection of a 25% change in time-efficiency with a 90% power using an intracluster correlation coefficient of 0.1 and an alpha of .05. We observed care providers for full workdays in 24 randomly selected primary health care clinics—12 using the eRegistry and 12 still using paper. Linear mixed effects models will be used to compare the time spent on health information management per client per care provider.

Results
Although the objective of the eRegQual study is to assess the effectiveness of the eRegistry in improving quality of antenatal care, the results of the eRegTime study will contribute to process evaluation, supplementing the findings of the larger trial.

Conclusions
Electronic health tools are expected to reduce workload for the care providers and thus improve efficiency of clinical work. To achieve these benefits, the implementation of such systems requires both integration with existing workflows and the creation of new workflows. Studies assessing the time-efficiency of electronic health information systems can inform policy decisions for implementations in resource-limited low- and middle-income settings.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/13653