bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Denklem ve Eşitlik Konusundaki Pedagojik Alan Bilgilerinin Öğrenci Bileşeni Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: SERT ÇELİK Hülya , MASAL Ercan 
Published: April 2019

Araştırmada öğretmenlerin eşitlik ve denklem konusuna yönelik pedagojik
alan bilgilerini öğrenci bilgisi bileşeni açısından incelemek ve bu bileşene
göre öğretmelerin geliştirdikleri çözüm önerilerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma grubunu, Marmara Bölgesinde bir ilçedeki ortaokullardan amaçlı
örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 10 ortaokulda 7. sınıflara ders vermekte olan 10
ilköğretim matematik öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, Eşitlik ve Denklem
Konusundaki Öğrenci Bilgisi Bileşenine Yönelik Pedagojik Alan Bilgi Anketi
(PABA) ile toplanmıştır. PABA’ nin uygulandığı öğretmenler Ö1-Ö10 ile kodlanmış
öğretmenlerden elde edilen veriler, öğrenci bilgisi bileşeni bağlamında
incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, eşitlik ve denklem konusuna yönelik
öğretmenlerin, &nbsp;öğrencilerin sahip olması
gereken ön bilgiler, öğrencilerin sahip oldukları kavram yanılgıları ve
öğrencilerin yaşadıkları öğrenme güçlükleri hakkında bilgi düzeylerinin yeterli
olmadığı belirlenmiştir
NARCISSISM ANALYSIS OF RUPERT IN PAUL HOWARD SURRIDGE’S ALL IN THE MIND
Authors: Ihsan Pramudana , Dwi Tanaya Okta Reyna 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Psychological disorder topics are being a common topic in a lot of discussions lately, moreover for the narcissism as the one of the most common disorder in psychology but with the least intention to taking care of. Thus, this study will focus on narcissism disorder in the main character named Rupert Digby in the drama script All in the Mi by Paul Howard Surridge. This analysis will apply psychoanalysis theory, especially in Narcissism Disorder as the most common mental disorder among society which has a lack of awareness from people nowadays.
Methodology: The methodology that the writer has used is qualitative research which needs a deep analysis of the literary work that used by the writers of this study based on the theory that had been chosen.
Results: This analysis aims at finding illustrations and proofs in the drama script All in The Mind’s main character, which can illustrate the narcissism disorder. In this study, we find that the main character Rupert Digby in the drama can be diagnosed as possessing the narcissism disorder.
Implications: His behaviors such as his big ego, his superiority, and the feeling of exclusiveness among others, clarify that Rupert is a narcissist. Besides, this research also finds the trigger that makes Rupert turned into a narcissist.
Rapid Crosslinking Polymer Provides an Additional Blowout-Preventer Barrier
Authors: Nedwed Tim , Kulkarni Kaustubh , Jain Rachna , Mitchell Doug , Meeks Bill , Allen Daryl P. , Edgecombe Brian , Cruce Christopher J. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe industry maintains well control through proper well design and appropriate controls and barriers. This has made a hydrocarbon release from loss of well control a very–low–probability event. The current final barrier to maintain control is a valve system [blowout preventer (BOP)] located on top of wells, capable of isolating them by sealing around or shearing through obstructions that might be in the well (e.g., drillpipe and casing). Although the risk is low, there are still concerns regarding well control, especially for operations in sensitive environments. Adding an additional barrier could alleviate these concerns. We are currently evaluating a concept to respond to BOP seal failure by injecting a liquid monomer and a catalyst below a BOP leak point to rapidly form a polymer–plug seal.Mixtures of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and other monomers mixed with a ruthenium–based catalyst cause a rapid polymerization reaction that forms a stable solid. These reactions can occur under extreme temperatures and pressures and can withstand significant contamination from other fluids and solids.Laboratory studies showed that DCPD–based polymer plugs can withstand axial stress of 100 MPa (15,000 psi) without significant deformation, even at temperatures of 200°C and with 20 wt% synthetic–based–drilling–fluid contamination. Viscosity testing performed at 4°C showed that the liquid monomers and catalyst used to form polymers have viscosities low enough to allow rapid injection into a leaking BOP. Polymerization–reaction rates were not affected by the presence of high levels of drilling–fluid contamination or varying reaction temperatures. In all cases, reactions were rapid (less than 45 seconds) and resulted in the formation of solid polymers.
Design and Calculation of Complex Directional-Well Trajectories on the Basis of the Minimum-Curvature Method
Authors: Wang Zhiyue , Gao Deli , Yang Jiawei 
Published: April 2019

Summary
The vector-algebra method and the minimum-curvature method were used to solve the trajectory design challenge for intersecting two wells. In accordance with known parameters, we expressed algorithms for intersecting a horizontal well. The geometrical shape of the target area was extended to attain the algorithms needed for landing on spherical and cylindrical surfaces. Combined with the expression for calculating the tool-face angle, the algorithms needed for calculating the closest distance to an existing well and landing surface were also proposed. The algorithms presented here provide a theoretical basis for the design and control of complex directional-well trajectories.
Short-Term and Long-Term Mechanical Models of Wellbores Considering Cement Consolidation and Formation Creep
Authors: Huang Wenjun , Gao Deli , Liu Yinghua 
Published: April 2019

Summary
With oil and gas wells extending deeper and deeper, downhole conditions become increasingly complicated, and thus increasingly sophisticated wellbore models are needed. Current wellbore models usually neglect the coupling effect in the cement–consolidation process and do not sufficiently consider the whole operation process of the wellbore. To overcome these shortcomings, short–term and long–term mechanical wellbore models while considering the relevant stages in wellbore life are built. In the short–term model, wellbore–operation stages include casing running, cement displacement, and cement consolidation. The governing equation of cement consolidation while considering the coupling effect between cement hardening and volume change is presented. In the long–term model, the governing equation of formation creep while considering prestresses and initial strains is given. The elastic/viscoelastic–correspondence principle and stress–superposition method are used to simplify the derivation. Next, the effects of relevant factors on short–term and long–term wellbore stresses are analyzed. The results show that wellbore stresses caused by cement consolidation will be underestimated when the coupling effects are neglected. The most vulnerable positions for wellbore failure are on different cylinder elements under different wellbore stages. Wellbore properties, short–term stresses, and formation creep greatly affect wellbore mechanical behaviors. Therefore, the new model provides an important basis for wellbore–failure prediction and optimal design.
A case report of spontaneously healed isolated posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissection with headache only
Authors: Kishi Yo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Isolated posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissections can cause subarachnoid hemorrhages or infarctions. Surgical and endovascular treatments for hemorrhagic stroke cases and medical treatments using antithrombotic agents for ischemic stroke cases have been performed, but there are very few reports on nonstroke posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissections, and the treatment strategy for nonstroke cases has not been established. This is the first detailed report on a spontaneously healed, isolated posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissection with headache only, followed by high-resolution MRI examinations.
Case presentation
A 48-year-old healthy male felt a severe, throbbing headache on the right side and came to the OIKE Clinic on the fourth day following onset. MRI examinations revealed a right posterior inferior cerebellar artery dissection and showed no infarctions or hemorrhages. He was observed carefully with continuous monitoring of blood pressure, hydrated sufficiently, and given analgesic anti-inflammatory agents. Two weeks later, the dissected vessel’s diameter grew to the maximum size, though the patient’s headache rapidly improved around that day. Surgical or endovascular treatments for prevention of subarachnoid hemorrhage were recommended, but careful conservative therapy was continued in accordance with the patient’s wishes. Gradually, the dissection finding improved. Four months later, MRI examinations showed his right posterior inferior cerebellar artery was almost normal in size and shape.
Conclusions
This is the first detailed report on a spontaneously occurred and healed iPICAD with headache only, observed by serial high-resolution MRI examinations.
Risk factors for postoperative stroke in adults patients with moyamoya disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Wei , Chen Xin , Jun Yu , Li Xuqin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the risk factors for postoperative stroke in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).

Methods

We comprehensively searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for eligible published literature with regard to the risk factors and postoperative complications in adult patients with MMD. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata version 12.0. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed for each risk factor.

Results

There were 8 studies encompassing 1649 patients who underwent surgery with MMD were selected for analysis. Preoperative ischemic event significantly increase the risk of postoperative stroke events (OR=1.40; 95%CI=1.02–1.92; P=0.039). PCA involvement correlate with an increased risk of post-infarction (OR=4.60; 95%CI=2.61–8.11; P=0.000). Compared to direct bypass, patients who underwent indirect bypass or combined bypass could significantly increase the risk of postoperative stroke events. (OR=1.17; 95%CI=1.03–1.33; p=0.017). MMD patients with diabetes were associated with an increased risk of postoperative stroke events (OR=4.02, 95% CI=1.59-10.16; p=0.003). MMD patients with hypertension, age at onset and male sex were not associated with an increased risk of postoperative stroke events (P>0.05).

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that preoperative ischemic events, PCA involvement and diabetes were independent risk factors for postoperative stroke in MMD patients. Therefore, in order to ensure the curative effect of patients with MMD, it is very necessary to detect these risk factors and prevent postoperative complications in time.
Changes in Vessel Density of the Patients with Narrow Antenior Chamber after an Acute Intraocular Pressure Elevation Observed by OCT Angiography
Authors: Ma Zi-wei , Qiu Wen-han , Zhou Dan-ni , Yang Wei-hua , Pan Xue-feng , Chen Hong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background:Although the pathogenesis of glaucoma is not fully understood ,an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major factor contributing to its development and progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the vessel densities of the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) after an acute elevation in the intraocular pressure (IOP) observed using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
Methods: This was a prospective comparative study of subjects with narrow anterior chamber angles who underwent laser peripheral iridotomies (LPIs). The IOP was measured before and one hour after the LPI. The retinal vessel densities of the macula and ONH were measured using OCTA at the baseline and one hour after the LPI.
Results: A total of 64 eyes of 51 individuals were enrolled in this study, and 58 eyes of 43 individuals finally completed the study with a mean IOP rise of 10.5 ± 7.6 mmHg after the LPI. Based on the magnitude of the rise in the IOP, we divided the subjects into three groups: group A = IOP rise ≤ 10 mmHg, group B = 10 mmHg < IOP rise ≤ 20 mmHg, and group C = IOP rise > 20 mmHg. The vessel density did not differ after the acute IOP elevation in either the macular region or papillary region in group A or group B (p > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in group C (p < 0.05). However, when the subjects were not separated into groups, the vessel densities of the ONH and macular region did not differ between the measurements obtained at the baseline and one hour after the LPI (p>0.05). The correlation existed in peripapillary and macular vessel density (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: In these subjects with narrow antenior chamber, an acute mild or moderate IOP elevation for one hour after the LPI did not affect the vessel density in the macula or ONH, as examined using OCTA. However, when the IOP rise was greater than 20 mmHg, the macular and papillary vessel density decreased significantly.
Intensive Phase Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors among Patients Treated for Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis in Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Molie Teklu , Teklemariam Zelalem , Klinkenberg Eveline , Dessie Yadeta , Kumsa Andargachew , Mohammed Hussen , Debebe Adisalem , Assefa Dawit , Habte Abebe , Bedru Ahmed , Fiseha Daniel , Seyoum Berhanu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis (MDRTB) is a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at least Rifampicin and Isoniazid drugs. The treatment success rate for MDRTB cases is lower than for drug susceptible TB. Monitoring the early treatment outcome and better understanding the specific reasons for early unfavorable treatment outcome are important to evaluate the effectiveness of tuberculosis control and preventing the emergence of extremely drug resistant tuberculosis. However, this information is scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the intensive phase treatment outcome and factors contributing among patients treated for MDRTB in Ethiopia.

Methods

A 6 year (2009 to 2014) retrospective cohort record review was conducted in fourteen treatment initiating centers in Ethiopia. The records of 751 MDRTB patients were randomly selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested and structured checklist. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression model was undertaken to identify the contributing factors.

Results

At the end of the intensive phase, 17.3% of MDRTB patients had an unfavorable treatment outcome while 16.8% had an unknown outcome with the rest having a favorable outcome. The median duration of the intensive phase was 9.0 months (IQR 8.04-10.54). Having an unfavorable intensive phase treatment outcome was found to be more common among older aged [ARRR= 1.047, 95% CI (1.024, 1.072)] and those without a history of hypokalemia [ARRR=0.512, 95% CI (0.280, 0.939)]. Having an unknown intensive phase treatment outcome was found to be more common among those treated under the ambulatory care model [ARRR=3.2, 95% CI (1.6, 6.2)], rural dwellers [ARRR= 0.370, 95% CI (0.199, 0.66)], those without a treatment supporter [ARRR=0.022, 95% CI (0.002, 0.231)], and those with resistance to a limited number of drugs.

Conclusion

We observed a higher than anticipated rate of unfavorable and unknown treatment outcomes in this study. To improve favorable treatment outcome more emphasis should be given to conducting all scheduled laboratory monitoring tests, assignment of trained treatment supporters and ensuring complete recording and reporting which could be enhanced by quarterly cohort review. Older aged and rural patients need special attention. Furthermore, the sample referral network should be strengthened.
Burden, Clinical Outcomes and Predictors of Stroke in Hospital Mortality among Adult Patients Admitted to Stroke Unit of Jimma University Medical Center: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fekadu Ginenus , Chelkeba Legese , Kebede Ayantu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Global burden of stroke epidemiology is changing rapidly. Over the 1990–2013 period, there was a significant increase in the absolute number of deaths and incident events of stroke. The burden of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke varies between regions and over time in Ethiopia. The paucity of data has limited research output and consequently the response to this burden.
Methods: Prospective cohort study was carried at stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center from March 10- July 10, 2017. The outcome of interest was mortality and time to death. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify the predictors of in hospital mortality and time to death from hospital arrival. Predictors with P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 116 eligible stroke patients were followed during the study period with the mean age of the patients was 55.1+14.0 years. Stroke accounted for 16.5 % of total medical admissions and 23.6 % of the total cases of in hospital mortality. A total of 91 (78.4%) of patients were discharged being alive making in hospital mortality of rate of 25 (21.6%). The mean time of in hospital mortality after admission was 4.38+3.The prominent suspected immediate cause for in hospital mortality was increased intracranial pressure 17 (68.0%). The mean length of hospital stay was 9.21+6.82days. Brain edema (AHR: 6.27, 95% CI: 2.50-15.76), urine incontinence (AHR: 3.48, 95% CI: 1.48-8.17), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) >13 during hospital arrival (AHR: 22.58, 95% CI: 2.95-172.56) and diagnosis of stroke clinically alone (AHR: 4.96, 95% CI: 1.96-12.54) were the independent predictors of in hospital mortality.
Conclusions: The mortality of stroke in this set up is similar to other low- and middle-resource countries. There should be burning need to establishing and strengthening the available stroke unit which are well-equipped and staffed intensive care units in different hospitals across the country is necessary.
Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS)
Authors: Alster Piotr , Nieciecki Michał , Koziorowski Dariusz , Charzyńska Ingeborga , Królicki Leszek , Friedman Andrzej 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background:
Perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as a method of examination of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) as its clinical manifestation was not extensively analyzed in contemporary literature. Recent criteria of PSP and CBS do not describe this method of examination as primary or additional. The aim of this work is to present whether SPECT HMPAO can be a method of examination possibly differentiating the diseases.
Methods:
21 patients with PSP. and 14 patients with CBS were examined using SPECT HMPAO. Extended analysis was done in the context of regions of interest affected by significant average hypoperfusion (>2 standard deviations). Differences between the diseases where subsequently evaluated using U-Mann-Whitney test.
Results:
Results confirmed significant differences (p<0,05) within the left and right thalamus, Hypoperfusion of this region was observed in both of the diseases.
Conclusion:
Relatively small differences of hypoperfusion in the indicated regions led to a conclusion that PSP and CBS should not be differentiated using SPECT HMPAO. The overlapping of clinical manifestations and locations of hypoperfusion leads to a question whether the diseases should be interpreted as separate entities or variants of the same disease.
Development of a cost-effective line probe assay for rapid detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium species
Authors: Kakhki Reza Kamali , Aryan Ehsan , Sankian Mojtaba , Meshkat Zahra 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Line probe assay (LPA) is one of the most accurate diagnostic tools for detection of different Mycobacterium species. There are several commercial kits based on line probe assay for detection of Mycobacterium species. Because of their high cost, especially for underdeveloped and developing countries, and the discrepancy of NTM prevalence across geographic regions, it would be reasonable to consider the development of an in-house LPA.

The aim of this study was to develop a LPA to detect and differentiate mycobacterial species, and also to evaluate the usefulness of PCR-LPA for direct application on clinical samples.

Method

One pair of biotinylated primers and fifteen designed DNA oligonucleotide probes were used based on multiple aligned ITS sequences. Specific binding of the PCR amplified products to the probes immobilized on a strip of nitrocellulose membrane was evaluated by hybridization method. Experiments were performed three times on separate days to evaluate the repeatability of the assay. Further, evaluation of the PCR-LPA was carried out directly on 9 clinical samples and cultivated isolates.

Results

All the fifteen probes used in this study were hybridized specifically to ITS sequences of the corresponding standard species. Results were reproducible for all of the strains in different days. Mycobacterium species of nine clinical specimens and their relevant cultivated isolates were correctly identified by PCR-LPA and confirmed by sequencing.

Conclusions

In this study, we described a PCR-LPA which is readily applicable in clinical laboratory. This assay is a fast, cost-effective and highly specific method which requires no radioactive materials.
Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients at Adare general Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. (A five year retrospective study)
Authors: Tsegaye Bezunesh , Bedewi Zufan , Asnake Solomon Lemma 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background Globally still Tuberculosis remains a major public health problems and socio-economic issue in the 21st century. Ethiopia is among the countries most heavily affected by Tuberculosis, where it is the leading cause of morbidity, the third cause of hospital admission and the second cause of death. To improve Tuberculosis management and control, early detection of cases, effective treatment and persistent evaluation of treatment outcome are vital issues that should be taken into consideration. Hence, this study was designed to determine treatment outcomes and associated risk factors among TB patients registered and receiving anti-TB treatment at Adare general Hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A five years retrospective study was conducted by reviewing medical records of TB patients at Adare general Hospital. A total of 1151 Tuberculosis patients’ cards registered from (September 2013 to August 2017) for treatment at TB clinic were reviewed. Data was coded, cleaned and entered into Microsoft Excel sheet then ported and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical soft ware. Logistic regression with odds ratios (OR) along with the 95% confidence interval was computed and interpreted. A P value <0.05 was declared as statistically significant. Result Among 1122 cases 620 (55.3%) were male, 748(66.7%) were from urban areas, 319 (28.4%) were smear positive, 352 (31.4%) were smear negative and 451 (40.2%) were extra pulmonary patients. Of the 1122 284 (25.3%) were cured, 753(67.1%) completed treatment, 29(2.6%) defaulted, 53(4.7%) died and 3 (0.3%) had treatment failure. The mean treatment success rate was 92.4%. The risk of unsuccessful TB treatment outcome was significantly higher among TB patients from rural areas (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.67); patients with extra pulmonary TB (AOR = 0.87, 95% CI; 0.67, 1.14), and HIV positive TB patients (AOR = 5.47, 95% CI; 3.47, 8.63) were more likely to have poor treatment outcomes as compared to their counter parts. Conclusion The treatment success rates of Tuberculosis, at Adare hospital was comparable to national health facility level coverage, but it should be maintained and strengthen further to attain tuberculosis related national and millennium goal.