bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the diversity of Early Jurassic cartilaginous fishes across the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event
Authors: Stumpf Sebastian , López-Romero Faviel A. , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: September 2019

The Early Jurassic represents a crucial time interval in the evolutionary history of elasmobranchs, because the Toarcian witnessed a first major diversification, suggesting a profound reorganization of ecological niches of chondrichthyans, probably accompanied by a subsequent diversity decline of hybodontiforms within marine environments. Potential factors underlying the Toarcian elasmobranch radiation event not only include evolutionary novelties in ecological adaptations of swimming, feeding, and reproduction, but also abiotic factors such as increasing seawater temperatures and variations in eustatic sea level associated with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE). These events might have played an important role in the Toarcian elasmobranch diversification event by regulating diversity dynamics through the availability of higher speciation and dispersal rates.
In attempt to better understand macroevolutionary patterns and processes of Jurassic chondrichthyans, we analysed the generic diversity of Pliensbachian to Aalenian elasmobranchs and hybodontiforms and explored their response to the T-OAE. In doing so, we calculated the estimated mean standing diversities (EMSD) using 10 time bins of approximately 2 Myr duration and evaluated the relationships between EMSD and variations in both seawater temperature and eustatic sea level to test whether these parameters affect the observed diversity patterns.
Our data indicate profoundly different diversity dynamics of elasmobranchs and hybodontiforms. The EMSD is low in Pliensbachian to Aalenian hybodontiforms, indicating an evolutionary stasis. Conversely, a constant taxonomic increase in elasmobranchs is recorded, spanning from the Pliensbachian to the end of the Toarcian, before reaching a diversity plateau in the Aalenian. These divergent patterns might suggest that hybodontiforms were not competing with elasmobranchs, but more likely are the result of still existing taxonomic misconceptions of Jurassic hybodontiforms, mainly caused by morphological characters that are either ambiguous or broadly distributed among these anatomically rather conservative chondrichthyans. Notwithstanding this, our results indicate that variations in seawater temperature and eustatic sea level changes associated with the T-OAE were not the primary drivers underlying the observed elasmobranch diversity patterns. Therefore, it might be possible that the diversification of elasmobranchs was opportunistic, benefitting from the appearance and subsequent radiation of new food resources, probably in response of enhanced surface productivity during the T-OAE. This hypothesis, however, needs to be tested, pending the inclusion of other time-equivalent marine vertebrate groups in future diversity analyses. Moreover, a detailed re-evaluation of Jurassic hybodontiforms will contribute to our understanding of chondrichthyan diversity dynamics across the T-OAE.
CO2 Reforming of Methane over LaNiO3 Perovskite Supported Catalysts: Influence of Silica Support
Authors: Sellam Djamila , Ikkour Kahina , Dekkar Sadia , Messaoudi Hassiba , Belaid Taous , Roger Anne- Cécile 
Published: September 2019

The study presents the dry reforming of methane using natural Kaolin silica as catalyst support. The silica-supported LaNiO3 perovskite catalysts (20LaNiO3/SiO2 and 40LaNiO3/SiO2) and bulk LaNiO3 catalyst were synthesized by auto-combustion method. The resulting catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption - desorption isotherm measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). After reduction at 700 °C, they were used as catalysts for the reaction of dry reforming of methane into synthesis gas at atmospheric pressure at 800 °C. The reduced 40LaNiO3/SiO2 exhibited high catalytic activity. This result was attributed to the small Ni metallic particles obtained from the reduced perovskite highly dispersed on the support and the good reducibility. The increase of reduction temperature at 800 °C resulted in a further enhancement of the catalytic performance of 40LaNiO3/SiO2 catalyst. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved
Optimization of Monoglycerides Production Using KF/CaO-MgO Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Buchori Luqman , Anggoro Didi Dwi , Sumantri Indro , Putra Riko Rikardo 
Published: September 2019

The production of monoglyceride or monoacylglycerol (MAG) from triglycerides and glycerol has been studied. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of using KF/CaO-MgO catalyst on MAG production with batch reactor. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading was investigated using Response Surface Methods (RSM). The reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst loading were varied at 200-220 ºC, 2-4 hours, and 0.1-0.3 % w/w, respectively. The maximum yield of monoglyceride 41.58% was achieved the optimum conditions of catalyst loading of 0.19 % (w/w), reaction temperature of 208.4 ºC, and reaction time of 3.20 hours.
Effect of Dilute Acid and Alkaline Pretreatments on Enzymatic Saccharfication of Palm Tree Trunk Waste for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Kusmiyati Kusmiyati , Anarki Sakina Tunissa , Nugroho Sabda Wahyu , Widiastutik Reistu , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto 
Published: September 2019

The sugar palm tree (Arenga pinnata) was abundant in Indonesia and has high cellulose contents for bioethanol production. However, the lignin content was the major drawback which could inhibit saccharification enzymes and therefore removing the lignin from the biomass is important. This paper evaluated the effects of pretreatments using nitric acid (HNO3) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) at 2 to 10% (v/v) on reducing sugar and ethanol contents and compared with the effects of steam pre-treatment. The pretreated samples were hydrolyzed using cellulase enzymes at pH 5.0 with a substrate concentration of 10% (w/v) for 24 to 72 h at 50 °C. Subsequent assessments of enzymatic saccharification following pre-treatment with 10% (v/v) HNO3 showed maximum reducing and total sugar contents in palm tree trunk waste of 5.320% and 5.834%, respectively, after 72 h of saccharification. Following pretreatment with 10% (v/v) of NH4OH, the maximum reducing and total sugar contents of palm tree trunk waste were 2.892% and 3.556%, respectively, after 72 h of saccharification. In comparison, steam pretreatments gave maximum reducing sugar and total sugar contents of 1.140% and 1.315% under the same conditions. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was conducted at 37 °C (pH 4.8) and 100 rpm for 120 h using 10% (v/v) Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulase enzyme with a substrate concentration of 10% (w/v). The result showed the highest ethanol content of 2.648% was achieved by using 10% (v/v) HNO3. The use of 10% (v/v) NH4OH gained a yield of 0.869% ethanol while the steam pretreatment could obtained 0.102% ethanol.
Palladium(0) Nanoparticles Immobilized onto Silica/Starch Composite: Sustainable Catalyst for Hydrogenations and Suzuki Coupling
Authors: Sodhi Ravinderpal Kour , Paul Satya 
Published: September 2019

The present paper aims to give insight into the art in the field of the synthesis, characterization and applications of Pd(0) nanoparticles immobilized onto silica/starch composite (SS-PdNPs) for hydrogenations and Suzuki coupling. Metal(0) nanoparticles immobilized onto silica/starch composite [SS-MNPs] were prepared from different metal acetylacetonate complexes [Co(acac)2], [Cu(acac)2], [Pd(acac)2], [Ru(acac)3], [Mn(acac)3], [Co(acac)3] by immobilizing onto silica/starch composite, followed by reduction with NaBH4. Excellent yield of the products, reusability and the facile work-up makes SS-PdNPs a unique catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes/carbonyl compounds, a,b unsaturated carbonyl compounds and Suzuki coupling under environmentally benign reaction conditions. All the catalysts were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) analyses, while the most active catalyst [SS-PdNPs] was further characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
Tuning the Morphology of Ag3PO4 Photocatalysts with an Elevated Concentration of KH2PO4
Authors: Afifah Khusnul , Andreas Roy , Hermawan Dadan , Sulaeman Uyi 
Published: September 2019

Tuning the morphology of Ag3PO4 photocatalysts with an elevated concentration of KH2PO4 have been successfully conducted. This photocatalyst was prepared by starting material of AgNO3 and KH2PO4. The KH2PO4 aqueous solution with five concentrations of 0.10 M, 0.15 M, 0.30 M, 0.45 M, and 0.60 M was reacted with AgNO3 aqueous solution. The products were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The concentration of KH2PO4 significantly affected the morphology, size, and crystallinity of catalyst. The morphology of Ag3PO4 may be tuned with the synthesis using an elevated concentration of KH2PO4. The sample with the synthesis using 0.15 M of KH2PO4 exhibited the excellent photocatalytic activity. The high photocatalytic activity was caused by the small size of mixed morphology of sphere and tetrahedron, high crystallinity and defect sites.
Evaluation of interfraction setup variations for postmastectomy radiation therapy using EPID‐based in vivo dosimetry
Authors: Kang Shengwei , Li Jie , Ma Jiabao , Zhang Wei , Liao Xiongfei , Qing Hou , Tan Tingqiang , Xin Xin , Tang Bin , Piermattei Angelo , Orlandini Lucia Clara 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPostmastectomy radiation therapy is technically difficult and can be considered one of the most complex techniques concerning patient setup reproducibility. Slight patient setup variations — particularly when high‐conformal treatment techniques are used — can adversely affect the accuracy of the delivered dose and the patient outcome. This research aims to investigate the inter‐fraction setup variations occurring in two different scenarios of clinical practice: at the reference and at the current patient setups, when an image‐guided system is used or not used, respectively. The results were used with the secondary aim of assessing the robustness of the patient setup procedure in use. Forty eight patients treated with volumetric modulated arc and intensity modulated therapies were included in this study. EPID‐based in vivo dosimetry (IVD) was performed at the reference setup concomitantly with the weekly cone beam computed tomography acquisition and during the daily current setup. Three indices were analyzed: the ratio between the reconstructed and planned isocenter doses, % and the mean value of from a transit dosimetry based on a two‐dimensional ‐analysis of the electronic portal images using 5% and 5 mm as dose difference and distance to agreement gamma criteria; they were considered in tolerance if was within 5%, % > 90% and < 0.4. One thousand and sixteen EPID‐based IVD were analyzed and 6.3% resulted out of the tolerance level. Setup errors represented the main cause of this off tolerance with an occurrence rate of 72.2%. The percentage of results out of tolerance obtained at the current setup was three times greater (9.5% vs 3.1%) than the one obtained at the reference setup, indicating weaknesses in the setup procedure. This study highlights an EPID‐based IVD system's utility in the radiotherapy routine as part of the patient’s treatment quality controls and to optimize (or confirm) the performed setup procedures’ accuracy.
MRI quality control for low‐field MR‐IGRT systems: Lessons learned
Authors: Michael Gach H. , Curcuru Austen N. , Wittland Erin J. , Maraghechi Borna , Cai Bin , Mutic Sasa , Green Olga L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo present lessons learned from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quality control (QC) tests for low‐field MRI‐guided radiation therapy (MR‐IGRT) systems.MethodsMRI QC programs were established for low‐field MRI‐60Co and MRI‐Linac systems. A retrospective analysis of MRI subsystem performance covered system commissioning, operations, maintenance, and quality control. Performance issues were classified into three groups: (a) Image noise and artifact; (b) Magnetic field homogeneity and linearity; and (c) System reliability and stability.ResultsImage noise and artifacts were attributed to room noise sources, unsatisfactory system cabling, and broken RF receiver coils. Gantry angle‐dependent magnetic field inhomogeneities were more prominent on the MRI‐Linac due to the high volume of steel shielding in the gantry. B0 inhomogeneities measured in a 24‐cm spherical phantom were <5 ppm for both MR‐IGRT systems after using MRI gradient offset (MRI‐GO) compensation on the MRI‐Linac. However, significant signal dephasing occurred on the MRI‐Linac while the gantry was rotating. Spatial integrity measurements were sensitive to gradient calibration and vulnerable to shimming. The most common causes of MR‐IGRT system interruptions were software disconnects between the MRI and radiation therapy delivery subsystems caused by patient table, gantry, and multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) faults. The standard deviation (SD) of the receiver coil signal‐to‐noise ratio was 1.83 for the MRI‐60Co and 1.53 for the MRI‐Linac. The SD of the deviation from the mean for the Larmor frequency was 1.41 ppm for the MRI‐60Co and 1.54 ppm for the MRI‐Linac. The SD of the deviation from the mean for the transmitter reference amplitude was 0.90% for the MRI‐60Co and 1.68% for the MRI‐Linac. High SDs in image stability data corresponded to reports of spike noise.ConclusionsThere are significant technological challenges associated with implementing and maintaining MR‐IGRT systems. Most of the performance issues were identified and resolved during commissioning.
Quantifying the accuracy of deformable image registration for cone‐beam computed tomography with a physical phantom
Authors: Wu Richard Y. , Liu Amy Y. , Williamson Tyler D. , Yang Jinzhong , Wisdom Paul G. , Zhu Xiaorong R. , Frank Steven J. , Fuller Clifton D. , Gunn Gary B. , Gao Song 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeKilo‐voltage cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used for patient alignment, contour propagation, and adaptive treatment planning in radiation therapy. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of deformable image registration (DIR) for CBCT under various imaging protocols with different noise and patient dose levels.MethodsA physical phantom previously developed to facilitate end‐to‐end testing of the DIR accuracy was used with Varian Velocity v4.0 software to evaluate the performance of image registration from CT to CT, CBCT to CT, and CBCT to CBCT. The phantom is acrylic and includes several inserts that simulate different tissue shapes and properties. Deformations and anatomic changes were simulated by changing the rotations of both the phantom and the inserts. CT images (from a head and neck protocol) and CBCT images (from pelvis, head and “Image Gently” protocols) were obtained with different image noise and dose levels. Large inserts were filled with Mobil DTE oil to simulate soft tissue, and small inserts were filled with bone materials. All inserts were contoured before the DIR process to provide a ground truth contour size and shape for comparison. After the DIR process, all deformed contours were compared with the originals using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and mean distance to agreement (MDA). Both large and small volume of interests (VOIs) for DIR volume selection were tested by simulating a DIR process that included whole patient image volume and clinical target volumes (CTV) only (for CTVs propagation).ResultsFor cross‐modality DIR registration (CT to CBCT), the DSC were >0.8 and the MDA were <3 mm for CBCT pelvis, and CBCT head protocols. For CBCT to CBCT and CT to CT, the DIR accuracy was improved relative to the cross‐modality tests. For smaller VOIs, the DSC were >0.8 and MDA <2 mm for all modalities.ConclusionsThe accuracy of DIR depends on the quality of the CBCT image at different dose and noise levels.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 6H‐Dibenzo[c,h]chromenes and 5,6‐Dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridines: Application to the Synthesis of Dibenzo[c,h]chromene‐6‐ones, Benzo[c]phenanthridines, and Arnottin I
Authors: Pramanik Subhendu , Jash Moumita , Mondal Debasmita , Chowdhury Chinmay 
Published: September 2019

Abstract6H‐Dibenzo[c,h]chromenes and 5,6‐dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridines have been synthesized via Palladium (II)‐catalyzed domino reactions of acetylenic substrates involving intramolecular trans‐oxo/amino palladation onto the triple bond followed by nucleophilic addition of the intermediate to a tethered cyano/aldehyde. The scope of this reaction was extended through one step conversion of some of the products to 6H‐dibenzo[c,h]chromen‐6‐ones and benzo[c]phenanthridines. Utilization of this methodology led to a formal total synthesis of the natural product Arnottin I.magnified image
Efficient Synthesis of 3,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyrans via [3+2+1] Annulation Based on the Heteroatom‐free Tri‐atom Donor
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Haiping , Liu Yufeng , Cao Zhongzhong , Su Miaodong , Fu Meiqiang , Luo Weiping , Liu Qiang , Guo Cancheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA new [3+2+1] annulation strategy based on the heteroatom‐free tri‐atom donor to synthesize 3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrans has been developed. In this method, 2‐arylpropylene served as tri‐atom donor to contribute three carbon atoms, the heteroatom was provided by aldehyde, and DMSO served as one carbon donor and solvent. This annulation reaction gave 3,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrans in moderate to good yields. Based on the control experiments, a possible mechanism was proposed.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of C(sp3)−H Bonds in N‐Fluoro‐sulfonamides
Authors: Yin Zhiping , Zhang Youcan , Zhang Shuo , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHerein, we developed a copper‐catalyzed approach for the remote C(sp3)−H alkynylation of N‐fluoro‐sulfonamides. With Cu(OTf)2 as the catalyst, the carbon radical which generated from nitrogen radical‐mediated 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer, go through an addition/fragmentation reaction with various acetylene sulfones. A variety of internal alkynes were synthesized in high yield and regioselectivity. Notably, celecoxib‐derived substrate can also gave the corresponding functionalized product in good yield under the standard conditions.magnified image
Verification of inflammation‐based prognostic marker as a prognostic indicator in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto Masateru , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Kuroda Shintaro , Hamaoka Michinori , Okimoto Sho , Honmyo Naruhiko , Yamaguchi Megumi , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimAlthough inflammation‐based markers in cancer have been used for prognostic prediction, the most useful marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been established. We investigated the usefulness of various inflammation‐based markers in HCC patients after hepatectomy.MethodsA total of 478 patients who underwent initial hepatectomy for HCC from 2009 to 2015 and were diagnosed with pathological HCC were included in this retrospective study. Inflammation‐based markers consisted of the C‐reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio and prognostic index. Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) using the Cox proportional hazard model were carried out. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and log‐rank test were used for comparison of OS and DFS. To reduce influences of selection bias and confounders for stratifying CAR, clinicopathological characteristics of patients were balanced by propensity score matching.ResultsMultivariate analysis identified only high CAR (>0.027) as an indicator of poor OS, and high CAR and high GPS (1‐2) as indicators of poor DFS among inflammation‐based markers. After propensity score matching, 124 patients each with low CAR and high CAR were matched. High CAR was correlated with both poor OS and DFS.ConclusionC‐reactive protein to albumin ratio was the most valuable prognostic indicator after hepatectomy for HCC among inflammation‐based markers.
Pathological complete response (pCR) with or without the residual intraductal carcinoma component following preoperative treatment for pancreatic cancer: Revisiting the definition of “pCR” from the prognostic standpoint
Authors: Yamada Daisaku , Takahashi Hidenori , Asukai Kei , Hasegawa Shinichiro , Tomokuni Akira , Wada Hiroshi , Akita Hirofumi , Yasui Masayohi , Miyata Hiroshi , Ishikawa Osamu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThere are no previous reports describing the prognostic significance of the residual intraductal carcinoma component (carcinoma in situ [CIS]) following preoperative treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of a minimal residual CIS in cases with complete absence of an invasive component after preoperative treatment for PDAC.MethodsEighty‐one of 594 PDAC patients with preoperative treatment and subsequent surgery in our institute showed remarkable remission in the invasive component, which included 48 patients with the minimal residual invasive component (Min‐inv group) and 33 with absence of an invasive component (No‐inv group). We assessed the survival of these patients in association with the presence or absence of an invasive component and intraductal CIS.ResultsFive‐year overall survival in the No‐inv group patients was significantly better than that of the Min‐inv group patients (82%/66%, P = .041). Among the 33 patients in the No‐inv group, residual CIS was observed in 16 patients (CIS‐positive group), and the remaining 17 patients had no residual CIS (CIS‐negative group). There was no significant difference in survival between patients in the CIS‐positive and CIS‐negative groups (92%/78%, P = .31).ConclusionsResidual CIS in the absence of an invasive component after preoperative treatment does not yield a prognostic impact after receiving perioperative treatment for PDAC. It might be reasonable to define pathological complete response (pCR) from the prognostic standpoint as follows: pCR is the complete absence of an invasive carcinoma component regardless of residual CIS.