bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Asghari Golaleh , Farhadnejad Hossein , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Moslehi Nazanin , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionThe importance of vitamin D for bone health as well as its role in non-skeletal functions has long been documented. However, review investigations on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in children and adolescents are scarce. The aims of the current study were to assess the impact of various doses of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25(OH)D concentrations in children and adolescents, and to identify relevant determinants of variations in the effect of vitamin D supplementation.MethodsPubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up to 27 September 2017 will systematically be searched for randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation. We considered articles with the following control groups as eligible: placebo control, control group without any supplementation or a comparative arm investigation. Two reviewers will assess articles for eligibility according to prespecified selection criteria, after which data extraction and quality appraisal will be conducted by two independent reviewers. The quality assessment will be assessed using the Jadad scale. Meta-analyses will be conducted where appropriate. We will express continuous measures (ie, serum 25(OH)D concentration) as mean differences with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity of the data will be investigated via visual inspection of the forest plots and using χ2test on N-1 df, with a significance level of α=0.1. We will also assess individual study and subgroup characteristics and perform a sensitivity analysis. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plot and statistical analysis of Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required because the work will be carried out on published documents. The authors will publish findings from this review through peer-reviewed publication or conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017067179.
Associations between understanding of current treatment intent, communication with healthcare providers, preferences for invasive life-sustaining interventions and decisional conflict: results from a survey of patients with advanced heart failure in Singapore
Authors: Malhotra Chetna , Sim David , Jaufeerally Fazlur , Finkelstein Eric A 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo make informed choices about use of future invasive life-sustaining interventions (ILSI), patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) need to correctly understand the intent of their current treatments. However, healthcare providers may be wary of having these discussions due to fear of distressing patients. In this study, we assessed whether patients who understand their treatment intent are less willing to undergo ILSI and are indeed more psychologically distressed.Design, participants and outcomesAs part of a cross-sectional survey conducted prior to randomising patients for a trial, we asked 282 patients with advanced CHF (New York Heart Association Class III and IV) whether they believe their existing treatments would cure their heart condition, their willingness to undergo ILSI and assessed their anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ResultsApproximately half of patients reported a willingness to undergo ILSI if needed. Only 22% knew that their current treatments were not curative. These patients were far less willing to undergo ILSI (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.56) and were not at a greater risk of having clinically significant anxiety (OR 0.72, 0.34 to 1.54) and depression (OR 0.70, 0.33 to 1.47) compared with those who did not understand their current treatment intent.ConclusionsImproving patients’ understanding of the intent of their current treatments can help patients make informed choices about ILSI.Trial registration numberNCT02299180; Pre-results.
Using Autoencoders to Automatically Extract Mobility Features for Predicting Depressive States
Authors: Mehrotra Abhinav , Musolesi Mirco 
Published: September 2018

Recent studies have shown the potential of exploiting GPS data for passively inferring people's mental health conditions. However, feature extraction for characterizing human mobility remains a heuristic process that relies on the domain knowledge of the condition under consideration. Moreover, we do not have guarantees that these "hand-crafted" metrics are able to effectively capture mobility behavior of users. Indeed, informative emerging patterns in the data might not be characterized by them. This is also a complex and often time-consuming task, since it usually consists of a lengthy trial-and-error process.
In this paper, we investigate the potential of using autoencoders for automatically extracting features from the raw input data. Through a series of experiments we show the effectiveness of autoencoder-based features for predicting depressive states of individuals compared to "hand-crafted" ones. Our results show that automatically extracted features lead to an improvement of the performance of the prediction models, while, at the same time, reducing the complexity of the feature design task. Moreover, through an extensive experimental performance analysis, we demonstrate the optimal configuration of the key parameters at the basis of the proposed approach.
Urinary acrolein metabolite levels in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis patients
Authors: Vatsalya Vatsalya , Kong Maiying , Gobejishvili Leila , Chen Wei-Yang , Srivastava Sanjay , Barve Shirish , McClain Craig , Joshi-Barve Swati 
Published: September 2018

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remains a major health concern worldwide. Alcohol consumption gives rise to reactive/toxic acrolein, a pathogenic mediator of liver injury in experimental ALD. Elevated acrolein adducts and metabolites are detectable in blood and urine. This study evaluates the major urinary acrolein metabolite, 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (HPMA), in patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) and examines its association with disease severity and markers of hepatic inflammation and injury. Urine HPMA was significantly higher in patients with severe [model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) ≥ 20] AAH compared with nonsevere AAH (MELD ≤ 19) or non-alcohol-consuming controls, suggesting that urine HPMA is a novel noninvasive biomarker in severe AAH. The association between HPMA and MELD in patients with AAH was nonlinear. In patients with nonsevere AAH, there was a positive trend, although not significant, whereas in severe AAH the association was negative, indicative of extensive injury and glutathione depletion. Consistent with the multifactorial etiology of ALD, our data identified strong combined effects of HPMA and proinflammatory cytokines on hepatocyte cell death, thereby supporting the pathogenic role of acrolein in liver injury. HPMA, together with IL-1β, showed robust associations with cytokeratin 18 caspase-cleaved fragment (CK18-M30; adjusted R2 = 0.812, P = 0.016) and cytokeratin 18 full-length protein (CK18-M65; adjusted R2 = 0.670, P = 0.048); similarly, HPMA, with IL-8, correlated with CK18-M30 (adjusted R2 = 0.875, P = 0.007) and CK18-M65 (adjusted R2 = 0.831, P = 0.013). The apoptosis index (CK18-M30:CK18-M65 ratio) strongly correlated with HPMA, together with IL-1β (adjusted R2 = 0.777, P = 0.022) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα; adjusted R2 = 0.677, P = 0.046). In patients with severe AAH, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNFα are the predominant proinflammatory cytokines that interact with HPMA and play important mediating roles in influencing the extent/pattern of liver cell death. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to examine the urinary acrolein metabolite 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid (HPMA) in alcoholic liver disease. HPMA was higher in patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) compared with controls or nonsevere AAH and may be a novel selective, noninvasive biomarker for severe AAH. Consistent with the multifactorial etiology of alcohol-associated liver disease, we identified strong combined effects of HPMA and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, and TNFα) on the extent/pattern of liver cell death, thereby supporting the pathogenic role of acrolein.
Habitual aerobic exercise and circulating proteomic patterns in healthy adults: relation to indicators of healthspan
Authors: Santos-Parker Jessica R. , Santos-Parker Keli S. , McQueen Matthew B. , Martens Christopher R. , Seals Douglas R. 
Published: September 2018

Habitual aerobic exercise enhances physiological function and reduces risk of morbidity and mortality throughout life, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The circulating proteome reflects the intricate network of physiological processes maintaining homeostasis and may provide insight into the molecular transducers of the health benefits of physical activity. In this exploratory study, we assessed the plasma proteome (SOMAscan proteomic assay; 1,129 proteins) of healthy sedentary or aerobic exercise-trained young women and young and older men ( n = 47). Using weighted correlation network analysis to identify clusters of highly co-expressed proteins, we characterized 10 distinct plasma proteomic modules (patterns). In healthy young (24 ± 1 yr) men and women, 4 modules were associated with aerobic exercise status and 1 with participant sex. In healthy young and older (64 ± 2 yr) men, 5 modules differed with age, but 2 of these were partially preserved at young adult levels in older men who exercised; among all men, 4 modules were associated with exercise status, including 3 of the 4 identified in young adults. Exercise-linked proteomic patterns were related to pathways involved in wound healing, regulation of apoptosis, glucose-insulin and cellular stress signaling, and inflammation/immune responses. Importantly, several of the exercise-related modules were associated with physiological and clinical indicators of healthspan, including diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, maximal aerobic capacity, and vascular endothelial function. Overall, these findings provide initial insight into circulating proteomic patterns modulated by habitual aerobic exercise in healthy young and older adults, the biological processes involved, and their relation to indicators of healthspan. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to assess the relation between plasma proteomic patterns and aerobic exercise status in healthy adults. Weighted correlation network analysis identified 10 distinct proteomic modules, including 5 patterns specific for exercise status. Additionally, 5 modules differed with aging in men, two of which were preserved in older exercising men. Exercise-associated modules included proteins related to inflammation, stress pathways, and immune function and correlated with clinical and physiological indicators of healthspan.
Attenuation of human hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by acetazolamide and methazolamide
Authors: Boulet Lindsey M. , Teppema Luc J. , Hackett Heather K. , Dominelli Paolo B. , Cheyne William S. , Dominelli Giulio S. , Irwin David C. , Buehler Paul W. , Baek Jin Hyen , Swenson Erik R. , Foster Glen E. 
Published: September 2018

Acetazolamide (AZ), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used for preventing altitude illness attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) while improving oxygenation. Methazolamide (MZ), an analog of acetazolamide, is more lipophilic, has a longer half-life, and activates a major antioxidant transcription factor. However, its influence on the hypoxic pulmonary response in humans is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether a clinically relevant dosing of MZ improves oxygenation, attenuates HPV, and augments plasma antioxidant capacity in men exposed to hypoxia compared with an established dosing of AZ known to suppress HPV. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 11 participants were randomized to treatments with MZ (100 mg 2× daily) and AZ (250 mg 3× daily) for 2 days before 60 min of hypoxia (FIO2 ≈0.12). Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), alveolar ventilation (V̇A), blood gases, and markers of redox status were measured. Pulmonary vascular sensitivity to hypoxia was determined by indexing PASP to alveolar PO2. AZ caused greater metabolic acidosis than MZ, but the augmented V̇A and improved oxygenation with hypoxia were similar. The rise in PASP with hypoxia was lower with MZ (9.0 ± 0.9 mmHg) and AZ (8.0 ± 0.7 mmHg) vs. placebo (14.1 ± 1.3 mmHg, P < 0.05). Pulmonary vascular sensitivity to hypoxia (ΔPASP/ΔPAO2) was reduced equally by both drugs. Only AZ improved the nonenzymatic plasma antioxidant capacity. Although AZ had only plasma antioxidant properties, MZ led to similar improvements in oxygenation and reduction in HPV at a dose causing less metabolic acidosis than AZ in humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Both acetazolamide and methazolamide are effective in the prevention of acute mountain sickness by inducing an increase in ventilation and oxygenation. Acetazolamide attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; however, it was previously unknown whether methazolamide has the same effect in humans. This study shows that a dosing of methazolamide causing less metabolic acidosis improves oxygenation while attenuating hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular sensitivity to hypoxia. Acetazolamide improved plasma antioxidant capacity better than methazolamide.
Age-related differences in binaural masking level differences: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Anderson Samira , Ellis Robert , Mehta Julie , Goupell Matthew J. 
Published: September 2018

The effects of aging and stimulus configuration on binaural masking level differences (BMLDs) were measured behaviorally and electrophysiologically, using the frequency-following response (FFR) to target brainstem/midbrain encoding. The tests were performed in 15 younger normal-hearing (<30 yr) and 15 older normal-hearing (>60 yr) participants. The stimuli consisted of a 500-Hz target tone embedded in a narrowband (50-Hz bandwidth) or wideband (1,500-Hz bandwidth) noise masker. The interaural phase conditions included NoSo (tone and noise presented interaurally in-phase), NoSπ (noise presented interaurally in-phase and tone presented out-of-phase), and NπSo (noise presented interaurally out-of-phase and tone presented in-phase) configurations. In the behavioral experiment, aging reduced the magnitude of the BMLD. The magnitude of the BMLD was smaller for the NoSo–NπSo threshold difference compared with the NoSo–NoSπ threshold difference, and it was also smaller in narrowband compared with wideband conditions, consistent with previous measurements. In the electrophysiology experiment, older participants had reduced FFR magnitudes and smaller differences between configurations. There were significant changes in FFR magnitude between the NoSo to NoSπ configurations but not between the NoSo to NπSo configurations. The age-related reduction in FFR magnitudes suggests a temporal processing deficit, but no correlation was found between FFR magnitudes and behavioral BMLDs. Therefore, independent mechanisms may be contributing to the behavioral and neural deficits. Specifically, older participants had higher behavioral thresholds than younger participants for the NoSπ and NπSo configurations but had equivalent thresholds for the NoSo configuration. However, FFR magnitudes were reduced in older participants across all configurations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Behavioral and electrophysiological testing reveal an aging effect for stimuli presented in wideband and narrowband noise conditions, such that behavioral binaural masking level differences and subcortical spectral magnitudes are reduced in older compared with younger participants. These deficits in binaural processing may limit the older participant's ability to use spatial cues to understand speech in environments containing competing sound sources.
ST8SIA1 Regulates Tumor Growth and Metastasis in TNBC by Activating the FAK–AKT–mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Nguyen Khoa , Yan Yuanqing , Yuan Bin , Dasgupta Abhishek , Sun Jeffrey , Mu Hong , Do Kim-Anh , Ueno Naoto T. , Andreeff Michael , Battula V. Lokesh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBreast cancer stem-like cells (BCSC) are implicated in cancer recurrence and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We have recently discovered that ganglioside GD2 expression defines BCSCs and that ST8SIA1 regulates GD2 expression and BCSC function. In this report, we show that ST8SIA1 is highly expressed in primary TNBC; its expression is positively correlated with the expression of several BCSC-associated genes such as BCL11A, FOXC1, CXCR4, PDGFRβ, SOX2, and mutations in p53. CRISPR knockout of ST8SIA1 completely inhibited BCSC functions, including in vitro tumorigenesis and mammosphere formation. Mechanistic studies discovered activation of the FAK–AKT–mTOR signaling pathway in GD2+ BCSCs, and its tight regulation by ST8SIA1. Finally, knockout of ST8SIA1 completely blocked in vivo tumor growth and metastasis by TNBC cells. In summary, these data demonstrate the mechanism by which ST8SIA1 regulates tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC and identifies it as a novel therapeutic target.
Da liberdade e da necessidade, ou das ações voluntárias em Hume
Authors: Cappello Maria Adriana Camargo 
Published: September 2018

O texto examina a concepção humiana de vontade no quadro da teoria das paixões delineada na segunda parte do Tratado da natureza humana, com o objetivo de mostrar como ela responde às exigências da doutrina da liberdade e necessidade tal comos se encontra na Investigação sobre o entendimento humano.
Abaixo de zero: psicanálise, política e o “deficit de negatividade” em Axel Honneth
Authors: Safatle Vladimir 
Published: September 2018

Trata-se de discutir a natureza dos recursos à psicanálise (em especial Donald Winnicott e Hans Loewald) feitos por Axel Honneth na construção de sua teoria do reconhecimento. Espera-se mostrar como tais recursos trazem consequências políticas claras por permitir a definição de um dos eixos fundamentais das lutas sociais como sendo a afirmação das condições para o desenvolvimento da individualidade. Durante o artigo, veremos como o recurso a outra matriz psicanalítica (fornecida por Jacques Lacan) poderia abrir o caminho para consequências políticas alternativas.
Um comentário sobre “as regras para se julgar sobre causas e feitos” de David Hume
Authors: Cass Mark Julian Richter 
Published: September 2018

O texto examina o modo como Hume, no Tratado da natureza humana, propõe uma nova concepção das regras que permitem ao entendimento humano julgar das relações de causa e efeito a respeito de suas próprias ideias.
Literatura e formação moral em Jane Austen e David Hume
Authors: Balieiro Marcos Ribeiro 
Published: September 2018

Trata-se de mostrar as afinidades, certamente não fortuitas, entre a literatura de Jane Austen e a filosofia de David Hume, pelo prisma do tema da formação ou educação moral. Analisa-se para tanto o papel, em ambos autores, das noções de sociabilidade e de conversação.
Filosofia como atividade não doutrinal em Nietzsche e Wittgenstein
Authors: Barros Roberto A. P. 
Published: September 2018

O presente texto propõe uma reflexão acerca da relação entre filosofia e normatividade ética na contemporaneidade e se volta para a consideração de determinados pressupostos mobilizada pelas filosofias de Nietzsche e do primeiro Wittgenstein. Esta aproximação é justificável por vários motivos, mas dois merecerão aqui maior ênfase. Primeiramente a importância da critica a pressupostos tradicionais do discurso filosófico referente a questões morais e éticas efetuada pelos dois autores. Em segundo lugar, pela recusa de ambos em delimitar a questão da normatividade ética a uma reflexão unicamente conceitual, a partir de suas análises da prática linguística da filosofia.
A magia natural da fantasia
Authors: Martone Juliana Ferracci 
Published: September 2018

O propósito do texto é explorar o conceito de fantasia do escritor alemão Jean Paul Richter exposto no apêndice do romance "Quintus Fixlein" e intitulado "Sobre a magia natural da imaginação" (1796). Procura-se entender os dois principais "modus operandi" dessa faculdade do homem: por um lado espiritualizar o corpóreo e, pelo outro, corporificar o espiritual. Resultado desse jogo recíproco é a possibilidade de vislumbrarse o infinito a partir do senso do ilimitado, também relacionado à Besonnenheit (clareza de autoconsciência) e à sua contrapartida, o instinto.
Is Baseline Orthostatic Hypotension Associated With a Decline in Global Cognitive Performance at 4‐Year Follow‐Up? Data From TILDA (The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing)
Authors: McNicholas Triona , Tobin Katy , Carey Daniel , O'Callaghan Susan , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: September 2018

Background

It is postulated that orthostatic hypotension (
OH
), a reduction in blood pressure (≥20/10 mm Hg) within 3 minutes of standing, may increase cognitive decline because of cerebral hypoperfusion. This study assesses the impact of
OH
on global cognition at 4‐year follow‐up, and the impact of age and hypertension on this association.

Methods and Results

Data from waves 1 and 3 of TILDA (The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing) were used. Baseline blood pressure response to active stand was assessed using beat‐to‐beat blood pressure monitoring. Two measures of
OH
were used—at 40 seconds (
OH
40) and 110 seconds (
OH
110). Global cognition was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Mixed‐effects Poisson regression assessed whether baseline
OH
was associated with a decline in global cognition at 4‐year follow‐up. The analysis was repeated, stratifying by age (age 50–64 years and age ≥65 years), and including an interaction between
OH
and hypertension. Baseline
OH
110 was associated with an increased error rate in Montreal Cognitive Assessment at follow‐up (incident rate ratio 1.17,
P
=0.028). On stratification by age, the association persists in ages 50 to 64 years (incident rate ratio 1.25,
P
=0.048), but not ages ≥65 years. Including an interaction with hypertension found those with co‐existent
OH
110 and hypertension (incident rate ratio 1.27,
P
=0.011), or
OH
40 and hypertension (incident rate ratio 1.18,
P
=0.017), showed an increased error rate; however, those with isolated
OH
110,
OH
40, or isolated hypertension did not.

Conclusions

OH
is associated with a decline in global cognition at 4‐year follow‐up, and this association is dependent on age and co‐existent hypertension.