bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The Shipwreck of the Turks’: Sovereignty, Barbarism and Civilization in the Legal Order of the Eighteenth-Century Mediterranean
Authors: Calafat Guillaume , Trivellato Francesca 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on the consequences of a single major international affair — the shipwreck of a French ship carrying 165 Muslim pilgrims along the southern shores of Sicily in 1716 — to address two pivotal issues in the reordering of eighteenth-­century legal and political systems: the limits of domestic sovereignty in absolutist states and the status of non-Christian polities in the theory and practice of the law of nations. Both the time and place of this episode, which had a vast resonance at the time, have broad implications for how we write about the development of modern international law. While much of the debate on the maritime dimension of the eighteenth-century law of nations focuses on the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans, we spotlight the Mediterranean, where endemic corsairing activities coexisted with age-old diplomatic and day-to-day practices of accommodation and mutual recognition between Christian and Muslim polities. Here we draw attention to shipwrecks that occurred in foreign territorial waters and their heuristic potential for better understanding controversial issues of maritime law, such as the status of shorelines, neutrality and the law of the flag. Even after the Peace of Utrecht (1713–15), which is often regarded as a watershed moment in the history of international law, these rules were far from settled and shipwrecks continued to fuel legal and philosophical battles that extended well beyond the confines of the famous controversy between supporters of mare liberum and advocates of mare clausum. The close examination of the 1716 shipwreck leads us to challenge the land/sea divide as constructed by Carl Schmitt and demonstrate that territorial waters were objects of sovereign disputes in much the same way as land territories. We also show how the emerging Eurocentric discourse about the ‘barbarity’ of non-Christian peoples and nations coexisted with intellectual, economic and diplomatic forces interested in establishing formal agreements between Western European nations, the Ottoman Empire and its North African provinces.
Adrift in the Andaman Sea: &#x2028;Law, Archipelagos and the Making of Maritime Sovereignty
Authors: Ramnath Kalyani 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This essay focuses on the long history of archipelagic formations in the Bay of Bengal as sites of legal experimentation. This history is often narrated beginning with convict transportation and the permanent occupation of the Andaman Islands as a British penal settlement in 1857 and the violent erasure of indigenous cultures that followed it. This essay focuses instead on the hundred years preceding it where the English East India Company experimented with abandoning jurisdiction over the lesser-known islands off the Bengal and Burma coasts and people who lived on them, despite being in the position of a territorial sovereign. These experimentations were recorded most eloquently in legal and administrative records about crime - which included, for example, how assault and “river dacoity” on the deltaic islands of the Sunderbans in lower Bengal were to be dealt with and how men convicted of murder on the islands off the Tenasserim coast in southern Burma were to be prosecuted. In each case, prompted by tensions between the Company and the British Crown, policing and prosecution were abandoned, but this escaped public attention as it took place on the empire’s maritime edges. Although jurisdictional claims were central to the expansionist aims of the British empire in the nineteenth century around the Indian Ocean, these instances offer an alternate account of sovereignty, one where assertions and abandonments were both critical to the making of empires.
Long-term trends analysis of the incidence and mortality in patients with ovarian cancer: a large sample study based on SEER database
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Yu , Zhu Qianyong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
To analyze long-term trends of the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer in the United States.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2000 and 2017. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze the incidence and mortality trend, and the changes were reported as average annual percentage change (AAPC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Kaplan–Meier survival curve and Cox regression analyses were utilized for survival analysis.

Results
A total of 74 682 patients were included, among whom 49 491 (66.27%) died and 44 487 (59.57%) died from ovarian cancer. The mean age was 61.95 ± 15.23 years. The incidence of ovarian cancer showed a decreased trend from 2000 to 2017 with an AAPC of −1.9 (95%CI: −2.0, −1.7). Both the overall mortality and cancer-specific mortality for ovarian cancer decreased from 2000 to 2017, with AAPCs of −5.0 (95%CI: −5.7, −4.2) and −4.6 (95%CI: −5.4, −3.8), respectively. There was a significant decrease in the incidence and mortality of patients with the distant SEER stage, histological subtypes of serous and malignant Brenner carcinoma, and grades II and III from 2000 to 2017. Older age, Black race, histological subtypes of carcinosarcoma, higher tumor grade, and radiotherapy were associated with poorer overall survival and cancer-specific survival, whereas higher income, histological subtype of endometrioid, and surgery were associated with better survival.

Conclusion
This study provided evidence of a statistically significant decrease in the incidence and mortality of ovarian cancer from 2000 to 2017.
Key message What is already known on this topic? Ovarian cancer is one of the most common tumors in women, with high morbidity and mortality. However, trends in long-term morbidity and mortality of patients with ovarian cancer have not been reported. What this study adds Overall incidence and mortality for ovarian cancer showed a decreased trend from 2000 to 2017, and trends in incidence and mortality varied by stage, histological subtype, and tumor grade. Factors associated with overall survival and cancer-specific survival also differ. How this study might affect research, practice, or police This study provides evidence of long-term trends in ovarian cancer incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2017.
Inflammatory cytokines, metabolites, and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Peilin Zhou , Wenqiang Wang , Yongzhen Liu , Xiang Chen , Yongjun Mo , Hongjie Su , Xinyu Nie , Qikai Hua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation and joint destruction. Although the roles of inflammatory cytokines and metabolites in RA pathogenesis have caught a lot of attention, there is a lack of systematic studies, and their causal relationships remain unclear.

Methods
We conducted a two-step mendelian randomization analysis utilizing genetic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of inflammatory cytokines, metabolites, and RA. The first step assessed the causal effect of 91 inflammatory cytokines and 1400 metabolites on RA risk using inverse variance weighted method, complemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode and MR-PRESSO to ensure robustness and assess pleiotropy. The second step evaluated the mediation effects of selected metabolites on the relationship between cytokines and RA.

Results
The analysis identified 9 inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α and IL-10, which significantly increase RA risk, while TNF-β exhibited a protective effect. Additionally, 6 metabolites were associated with increased RA risk, including 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE and arachidonate (20:4n6). Conversely, 5 metabolites, such as docosatrienoate (22:3n3) and Cholesterol, were found to reduce RA risk. The mediation analysis revealed that TNF-β may exerts its protective effect through its influence on specific metabolites, and X-24949, which accounted for a −2.58% mediated effect in the TNF-β-RA causal pathway.

Conclusion
This study explores the complex interplay between inflammatory cytokines, metabolites, and RA. The findings suggest potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and novel therapeutic targets, particularly those related to lipid metabolites and specific cytokines like TNF-β.
Key message What is already known on this topic Inflammatory factors and metabolites are considered to be related to the onset and progression of RA. What this study adds We conducted a MR analysis to identify all inflammatory factors and metabolites associated with RA and calculated the mediation effect of inflammatory cytokines on RA through metabolites. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological processes of RA. How this study might affect research, practice or policy This has laid the groundwork for developing early diagnosis methods and future treatments.
Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for flunixin in cattle and swine following dermal exposure
Authors: Wu Xue , Chen Qiran , Chou Wei-Chun , Maunsell Fiona P , Tell Lisa A , Baynes Ronald E , Davis Jennifer L , Jaberi-Douraki Majid , Riviere Jim E , Lin Zhoumeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Flunixin meglumine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Banamine Transdermal is a pour-on formulation of flunixin approved for pain control in beef and dairy cattle, but not for calves and some classes of dairy cattle or swine. Violative flunixin residues in edible tissues in cattle and swine have been reported and are usually attributed to non-compliant drug use or failure to observe an appropriate withdrawal time. This project aimed to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for flunixin in cattle and swine to predict withdrawal intervals (WDI) after exposures to different therapeutic regimens of Banamine Transdermal. Due to the lack of comprehensive skin physiological data in cattle, the model was initially developed for swine and then adapted for cattle. Monte Carlo simulation was employed for population variability analysis. The model predicted WDIs were rounded to 1 and 2 d for liver and muscle in cattle, respectively, under FDA tolerance levels, while under EU maximum residue limits, the WDIs were rounded to 1, 3, 2, and 2 d for liver, kidney, muscle, and fat, respectively, following a labeled single transdermal 3.3 mg/kg dose in cattle. The model was converted into a user-friendly interactive PBPK (iPBPK) interface. This study reports the first transdermal absorption model for drugs in cattle. This iPBPK model provides a scientifically based tool for the prediction of WDIs in cattle and swine administered with flunixin in an extra-label manner, especially by the transdermal route.
Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in antiamyloid therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a narrative review
Authors: Erichsen Philip Ahle 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Antiamyloid therapies have sparked a new hope for a potential disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Antiamyloid therapy targets amyloid-beta, which is a key feature of the disease. However, adverse effects such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) have raised significant concerns about the safety of these therapies. ARIA, which includes vasogenic edema (ARIA-E) and microhemorrhages or hemosiderosis (ARIA-H), is a common adverse effect to antiamyloid therapies. Patient-related risk factors for ARIA include carrying the APOE-ε4 allele and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Drug-related risk factors for ARIA include higher drug doses, early initiation of treatment, and concomitant use of antithrombotic medications, all of which increase the likelihood of vascular disruptions. Management of ARIA involves regular MRI monitoring and possibly temporary or permanent discontinuation of therapy if adverse effects develop during therapy. A gradual dose titration is recommended to minimize the risk of ARIA. Although antiamyloid therapies have demonstrated efficacy in reducing amyloid burden, the clinical benefit remains at best modest and must be weighed against the risks of developing adverse effects such as ARIA.
Exploring the clinicopathological characteristics of submucosal tumor-like esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and the diagnostic significance of endoscopic ultrasound: a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Geng Ping , Heng Yuting , Wang Xian , Zhan Heqin , Fang Qianqian , Tao Li , Liu Jun , Hu Xiangpeng 
Published: October 2024

Background
Completely intramural growth submucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, also known as SMT-like esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), represents a rare and distinct form of esophageal cancer. Its white light endoscopic manifestations resemble those of esophageal subepithelial lesions, and biopsy pathology is often negative, leading to potential oversight or misdiagnosis. This study aimed to comprehensively summarize the clinicopathological and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) characteristics of patients with SMT-like ESCC while also evaluating the immunohistochemical expression of these patient.

Methods
This study collected clinical data, including demographic and clinicopathological data, as well as EUS findings, from six patients with SMT-like ESCC. Immunohistochemical analysis was also conducted on tumor tissues to assess the expression of CK7, CK19, CK20, TTF-1, SMA, S-100, Melan-A, CD117, Mucin (MUC) 2, and MUC5.

Results
In EUS, SMT-like ESCC is characterized by nonuniform hypoechoic lesions with indistinct borders, often exhibiting a burr or serrated appearance. Most of these lesions involved multiple levels. Cytological specimens obtained through EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) revealed suspected squamous cell carcinoma with positive expression of CK5/6, P40, and P63, further confirming the diagnosis of ESCC. Additionally, four patients exhibited CK7+/CK20− immune-expression profiles, and all patients had positive CK19 expression. TTF-1, SMA, S-100, Melan-A, CD117, MUC2, and MUC5 were negative.

Conclusion
Combining EUS with EUS-FNA is a valuable approach for diagnosing and differentiating SMT-like ESCC. Furthermore, the characteristic CK7+/CK20− immune profile suggested a potential origin from the esophageal submucosa glands.
Implementing a Virtual Discharge Nurse Pilot
Authors: Ransford Jennifer , Tidwell Timothy , Johnson Logan , Gitney Nicole , Morgan Anna , Hauch Rodney 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
The virtual nurse (VN) pilot was developed to assist bedside nurses in administrative tasks, including discharges and education, from a remote location.

BACKGROUND
Bedside nurse vacancies have increased, leading to a shortage of resources for the care team and less time for nurses to provide hands-on care to patients.

METHODS
A survey showed 77% of nurses spend more than 3 hours per shift on admissions, discharges, and patient education. A pilot was conducted on a 45-bed unit with the VN focusing on discharges and patient education.

RESULTS
During the pilot, the VN completed 1375 tasks, increasing patient and nurse satisfaction while reducing turnover and adverse events.

CONCLUSION
With the program's early success, the VN role is expanding into additional units.
Subconjunctival Hemorrhages Are Rare Among Infants With Cough and Gastrointestinal Conditions
Authors: Koti Ajay S. , Brown Emily C. B. , Campbell Kristine A. 
Published: October 2024

Objective
Subconjunctival hemorrhages (SCHs) are uncommon injuries in young children beyond the neonatal period and have been associated with abuse. In otherwise well infants, they are sometimes attributed to commonly observed symptoms that invoke Valsalva maneuvers, such as cough, vomiting, and constipation. Our study aims to ascertain the prevalence of SCH among children presenting to emergency care with cough, vomiting, and constipation.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of a prospectively collected dataset of children aged 1 month to 3 years presenting to a tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED). Children with and without SCH were identified at the time of their examination by ED providers. Children were assigned to Valsalva symptom groups of cough, vomiting, and/or constipation based on review of the ICD-10 codes associated with the ED encounter. Descriptive statistics and prevalence were calculated for each group. Chi-square testing of proportions was used to compare the prevalence of SCH based on the presence or absence of the 3 symptoms of interest.

Results
Four thousand seven hundred seventeen qualifying ED encounters were captured, with 2 total cases of SCH identified (0.4 per 1000). SCHs were uncommonly observed in patients with cough (0.5 per 1000), vomiting (0 per 1000), and constipation (0 per 1000). We found no significant differences in the prevalence of SCH based on the presence or absence of cough (P = 0.87), vomiting (P = 0.52), or constipation (P = 0.82).

Conclusion
SCH is an uncommon finding in children under 3 years and is similarly uncommon among children with cough, vomiting, or constipation. It should not be attributed to uncomplicated presentations of cough, vomiting, or constipation, and alternative diagnoses, including abuse, should be carefully considered in the differential diagnosis of SCH.
Bilateral Somatically Derived Germ Cell Tumors With 12p Gains Arising in High-grade Serous Carcinomas of the Ovary: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Masaadeh Amr H. , Dundar Bilge , Samuelson Megan I. , Kadera Evangeline , Bashir Amani 
Published: October 2024

Epithelial ovarian neoplasms are commonly observed in older patients, while germ cell tumors (GCTs) typically present in young individuals. When GCTs are detected in patients over 35 yrs old, they often have an associated epithelial component, a phenomenon known as somatically derived GCTs. We report a unique case of mixed GCT involving bilateral ovaries with a background of high-grade serous carcinoma, including a yolk sac tumor and choriocarcinoma in the mixed GCT component. Somatically derived GCTs are rare with only 45 cases of ovarian carcinoma with somatic yolk sac tumor reported to date. Pathologists face diagnostic challenges in identifying somatically derived GCTs, as they can mimic high-grade epithelial neoplasms. Somatically derived GCTs have poor outcomes, therefore, precise diagnosis is crucial for prognostic and therapeutic considerations.
Artificial Intelligence Assisted Surgical Scene Recognition
Authors: Williams Simon C. , Zhou Jinfan , Muirhead William R. , Khan Danyal Z. , Koh Chan Hee , Ahmed Razna , Funnell Jonathan P. , Hanrahan John G. , Ali Alshaymaa Mortada , Ghosh Shankhaneel , Sarıdoğan Tarık , Valetopoulou Alexandra , Grover Patrick , Stoyanov Danail , Murphy Mary , Mazomenos Evangelos B. , Marcus Hani J. 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the ability of a deep-learning platform (the MACSSwin-T model) with healthcare professionals in detecting cerebral aneurysms from operative videos. Secondly, we aimed to compare the neurosurgical team’s ability to detect cerebral aneurysms with and without AI-assistance.

Background:
Modern microscopic surgery enables the capture of operative video data on an unforeseen scale. Advances in computer vision, a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), have enabled automated analysis of operative video. These advances are likely to benefit clinicians, healthcare systems, and patients alike, yet such benefits are yet to be realised.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional comparative study, neurosurgeons, anaesthetists, and operating room (OR) nurses, all at varying stages of training and experience, reviewed still frames of aneurysm clipping operations and labelled frames as “aneurysm not in frame” or “aneurysm in frame”. Frames then underwent analysis by the AI platform. A second round of data collection was performed whereby the neurosurgical team had AI-assistance. Accuracy of aneurysm detection was calculated for human only, AI only, and AI-assisted human groups.

Results:
5,154 individual frame reviews were collated from 338 healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals correctly labelled 70% of frames without AI assistance, compared to 78% with AI-assistance (OR 1.77, P<0.001). Neurosurgical Attendings showed the greatest improvement, from 77% to 92% correct predictions with AI-assistance (OR 4.24, P=0.003).

Conclusion:
AI-assisted human performance surpassed both human and AI alone. Notably, across healthcare professionals surveyed, frame accuracy improved across all subspecialties and experience levels, particularly among the most experienced healthcare professionals. These results challenge the prevailing notion that AI primarily benefits junior clinicians, highlighting its crucial role throughout the surgical hierarchy as an essential component of modern surgical practice.
Robust discovery of mutational signatures using power posteriors
Authors: Xue Catherine , Miller Jeffrey W. , Carter Scott L. , Huggins Jonathan H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMutational processes, such as the molecular effects of carcinogenic agents or defective DNA repair mechanisms, are known to produce different mutation types with characteristic frequency profiles, referred to as mutational signatures. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has successfully been used to discover many mutational signatures, yielding novel insights into cancer etiology and targeted therapies. However, the NMF model is only a rough approximation to reality, and even small departures from this assumed model can have large negative effects on the accuracy and reliability of the results. We propose a new approach to mutational signatures analysis that improves robustness to misspecification by using a power posterior for a fully Bayesian NMF model, while employing a sparsity-inducing prior to automatically infer the number of active signatures. In extensive simulation studies, we find that our proposed approach recovers more true signatures with greater accuracy than current leading methods. On whole-genome sequencing data for six cancer types from the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium, we find that our method is able to accurately recover more signatures than the current state-of-the-art.