bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid Metal‐Based Transient Circuits for Flexible and Recyclable Electronics
Authors: Teng Long , Ye Shichao , Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Zhou Xiaohu , Gan Tiansheng , Zhou Xuechang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTransient electronics, arising electronic devices with dissolvable or degradable features on demand, is still at an early stage of development due to the limited choices of materials and strategies. Herein, a facile fabrication method for transient circuits by the combination of room‐temperature liquid metals (RTLMs) as the electronic circuit and water‐soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the packaging material is reported. The as‐made transient circuits exhibit remarkable durability and stable electric performance upon bending and twisting, while possessing short transience times, owing to the excellent solubility of PVA substrates and the intrinsic flexibility of RTLM patterns. Moreover, the RTLM‐based transient circuit shows an extremely high recycling efficiency, up to 96% of the employed RTLM can be recovered. As such, the economic and environmental viability of transient electronics increases substantially. To validate this concept, the surface patterning of RTLMs with complicated shapes is demonstrated, and a transient antenna is subsequently applied for passive near‐field communication tag and a transient capacitive touch sensor. The application of the RTLM‐based transient circuit for sequentially turning off an array of light‐emitting‐diode lamps is also demonstrated. The present RTLM‐based PVA‐encapsulated circuits substantially expand the scope of transient electronics toward flexible and recyclable transient systems.
Arched Bamboo Charcoal as Interfacial Solar Steam Generation Integrative Device with Enhanced Water Purification Capacity
Authors: Li Zhengtong , Wang Chengbing , Lei Tao , Ma Hailing , Su Jinbu , Ling San , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInterfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) has received increasing attention in both industry and academia, and is considered a method with great potential for wastewater treatment and desalination. These practical applications require materials that fulfil several requirements: being low cost, being scalable in terms of processing, being environmentally friendly, and having a high, stable optical–thermal conversion efficiency of solar vaporization. Currently, biomass materials show very promising prospects for ISSG systems. Here, it is observed that bamboo charcoal (BC) possesses a series of unique advantages that make it a highly efficient ISSG device. The broadband light absorption and the arched and porous structural features of BC fulfil all the basic requirements of an ISSG device in localized heating, heat management, and water supply. The self‐contained arched BC device demonstrates high evaporation efficiency (84% under 1 sun radiation) and superb stability under strongly acidic, strongly alkaline, and intense light environment conditions. More importantly, the porous BC device can provide stable fresh water production that simultaneously promotes the purification of water via evaporation by heating. Finally, the low cost, environmentally sustainable, mechanically robust, and long‐term stable BC device is a potential opportunity for wastewater treatment and desalination in underdeveloped areas.
Cinnamate‐Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals as UV‐Shielding Nanofillers in Sunscreen and Transparent Polymer Films
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhang Boya , Grishkewich Nathan , Berry Richard , Tam Kam C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSustainable and environmentally friendly UV‐shielding materials offer new opportunities in the formulation of the next generation cosmetic products. Cinnamate‐functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (Cin‐CNCs) prepared by esterifying CNCs with cinnamoyl chloride display strong UV absorption and high visible light transmittance. They are suitable for use as UV‐shielding nanofillers for sunscreen and transparent polymer films. The aqueous Cin‐CNC dispersion is waterborne, alcohol‐free, nonwhitening, waterproof, photo‐stable, and possesses a high sun protection factor (SPF). The SPF of Cin‐CNC aqueous dispersion is more than twice that of a popular commercial sunscreen at similar concentration. The Cin‐CNCs can serve as UV‐shielding and reinforcing nanofillers in hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer matrices. The polyvinyl alcohol and polystyrene films incorporated with Cin‐CNCs display excellent UV‐shielding capacity and their Young's moduli are significantly enhanced.
Non‐Thermal Plasma as a Unique Delivery System of Short‐Lived Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species for Immunogenic Cell Death in Melanoma Cells
Authors: Lin Abraham , Gorbanev Yury , De Backer Joey , Van Loenhout Jinthe , Van Boxem Wilma , Lemière Filip , Cos Paul , Dewilde Sylvia , Smits Evelien , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBreakthroughs in cancer immunotherapies have demonstrated considerable success, though not without limitations. Non‐thermal plasma (NTP) for cancer therapy has been emerging as a potential adjuvant treatment via induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Cancer cells undergoing ICD stimulate a patient's immune system to mount an anticancer response. While promising, the underlying mechanisms of NTP‐induced ICD must be closely examined. Here, the interaction between non‐thermal plasma and cancerous cells is studied. The short‐lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (e.g., hydroxyl radicals, atomic oxygen, nitric oxide) produced by plasma are the main effectors that elicit ICD in melanoma while, surprisingly, persistent species do not. This is demonstrated in vitro using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma system and is validated in a vaccination assay in vivo. Plasma generation of reactive species appears to be dictated by the total energy. Collectively, this work provides fundamental insight into plasma interactions with biological material. Furthermore, it lays the foundation for future development of NTP systems for clinical translation. The addition of plasma systems into the existing arsenal of cancer therapies opens the possibility for new combination strategies for safer and more robust control of cancer.
High Thermoelectric Performance in p‐type Polycrystalline Cd‐doped SnSe Achieved by a Combination of Cation Vacancies and Localized Lattice Engineering
Authors: Shi Xiaolei , Wu Angyin , Feng Tianli , Zheng Kun , Liu Weidi , Sun Qiang , Hong Min , Pantelides Sokrates T. , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Zou Jin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHerein, a high figure of merit (ZT) of ≈1.7 at 823 K is reported in p‐type polycrystalline Cd‐doped SnSe by combining cation vacancies and localized‐lattice engineering. It is observed that the introduction of Cd atoms in SnSe lattice induce Sn vacancies, which act as p‐type dopants. A combination of facile solvothermal synthesis and fast spark plasma sintering technique boosts the Sn vacancy to a high level of ≈2.9%, which results in an optimum hole concentration of ≈2.6 × 1019 cm−3 and an improved power factor of ≈6.9 µW cm−1 K−2. Simultaneously, a low thermal conductivity of ≈0.33 W m−1 K−1 is achieved by effective phonon scattering at localized crystal imperfections, as observed by detailed structural characterizations. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the role of Cd atoms in the SnSe lattice is to reduce the formation energy of Sn vacancies, which in turn lower the Fermi level down into the valence bands, generating holes. This work explores the fundamental Cd‐doping mechanisms at the nanoscale in a SnSe matrix and demonstrates vacancy and localized‐lattice engineering as an effective approach to boosting thermoelectric performance. The work provides an avenue in achieving high‐performance thermoelectric properties of materials.
Grain Boundary Scattering of Charge Transport in n‐Type (Hf,Zr)CoSb Half‐Heusler Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Qiu Qinyi , Liu Yintu , Xia Kaiyang , Fang Teng , Yu Junjie , Zhao Xinbing , Zhu Tiejun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHigh thermoelectric figure of merit zT of ≈1.0 has been reported in both n‐ and p‐type (Hf,Zr)CoSb‐based half‐Heusler compounds, and further improvement of thermoelectric performance relies on the insightful understanding of electron and phonon transport mechanisms. In this work, the thermoelectric transport features are analyzed for (Hf0.3Zr0.7)1−xNbxCoSb (x = 0.02–0.3) with a wide range of carrier concentration. It is found that, although both temperature and energy dependencies of charge transport resemble ionized impurity scattering, the grain boundary scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism near room temperature. With increasing carrier concentration and grain size, the influence of the grain boundary scattering on electron transport weakens. The dominant scattering mechanism changes from grain boundary scattering to acoustic phonon scattering as temperature rises. The lattice thermal conductivity decreases with increasing Nb doping content due to the increased strain field fluctuations. These results provide an in‐depth understanding of the transport mechanisms and guidance for further optimizing thermoelectric properties of half‐Heusler alloys and other thermoelectric systems.
The FluxMax approach for simultaneous process synthesis and heat integration: Production of hydrogen cyanide
Authors: Liesche Georg , Schack Dominik , Sundmacher Kai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResource and energy efficiency are essential in process synthesis of chemical plants as they combine economic with ecological benefits. The two main targets of the process synthesis problem—mass and energy flux optimization—are typically split into two steps: single unit optimization and subsequent energy integration preventing the identification of the globally optimal solution. This article presents a single‐step procedure for resource‐efficient process synthesis through simultaneous heat and mass flux optimization called FluxMax approach (FMA), which is demonstrated for the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). The impact of simultaneous heat integration on the optimal process structure is demonstrated and two resource‐optimal processes for HCN production are identified consisting of a combination of different reactor and recycling strategies reducing total variable cost by 68%. For convex objective functions, the globally most resource‐efficient process is identified highlighting the potential of the FMA for site planning and retrofitting of existing plants.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Aminotrifluoromethoxylation of Unactivated Alkenes using CsOCF3 as a Trifluoromethoxide Source
Authors: Chen Chaohuang , Pflüger Philipp Miro , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAsymmetric PdII‐catalyzed intramolecular aminotrifluoromethoxylation of unactivated alkenes using readily accessible and stable CsOCF3 as a trifluoromethoxide source has been developed, which affords a wide variety of enantiomerically enriched β‐substituted OCF3‐containing piperidines in good yields. Introducing a sterically bulky group into pyridine‐oxazoline (Pyox) ligands is crucial to increasing both reactivity and enantioselectivity for the reaction. Additionally, the reaction features good functional group compatibility and mild reaction conditions.
Towards DNA Nanomachines for Cancer Treatment: Achieving Selective and Efficient Cleavage of Folded RNA
Authors: Nedorezova Daria D. , Fakhardo Anna F. , Nemirich Daria V. , Bryushkova Ekaterina A. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite decades of effort, gene therapy (GT) has failed to deliver clinically significant anticancer treatment, owing in part to low selectivity, low efficiency, and poor accessibility of folded RNA targets. Herein, we propose to solve these common problems of GT agents by using a DNA nanotechnology approach. We designed a deoxyribozyme‐based DNA machine that can i) recognize the sequence of a cancer biomarker with high selectivity, ii) tightly bind a structured fragment of a housekeeping gene mRNA, and iii) cleave it with efficiency greater than that of a traditional DZ‐based cleaving agent. An important advantage of the DNA nanomachine over other gene therapy approaches (antisense, siRNA, and CRISPR/cas) is its ability to cleave a housekeeping gene mRNA after being activated by a cancer marker RNA, which can potentially increase the efficiency of anticancer gene therapy. The DNA machine could become a prototype platform for a new type of anticancer GT agent.
Microenvironment‐Induced In Situ Self‐Assembly of Polymer–Peptide Conjugates That Attack Solid Tumors Deeply
Authors: Cong Yong , Ji Lei , Gao Yu‐Juan , Liu Fu‐Hua , Cheng Dong‐Bing , Hu Zhiyuan , Qiao Zeng‐Ying , Wang Hao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn cancer treatment, the unsatisfactory solid‐tumor penetration of nanomaterials limits their therapeutic efficacy. We employed an in vivo self‐assembly strategy and designed polymer–peptide conjugates (PPCs) that underwent an acid‐induced hydrophobicity increase with a narrow pH‐response range (from 7.4 to 6.5). In situ self‐assembly in the tumor microenvironment at appropriate molecular concentrations (around the IC50 values of PPCs) enabled drug delivery deeper into the tumor. A cytotoxic peptide KLAK, decorated with the pH‐sensitive moiety cis‐aconitic anhydride (CAA), and a cell‐penetrating peptide TAT were conjugated onto poly(β‐thioester) backbones to produce PT‐K‐CAA, which can penetrate deeply into solid tumors owing to its small size as a single chain. During penetration in vivo, CAA responds to the weak acid, leading to the self‐assembly of PPCs and the recovery of therapeutic activity. Therefore, a deep‐penetration ability for enhanced cancer therapy is provided by this in vivo assembly strategy.
The Effect of a Perioperative Clinical Immersion on Senior Nursing Students’ Perception of Readiness to Practice: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Doerner Mary E. , Swenty Constance F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHealth care organizations have tasked nursing education leaders with increasing enrollment and graduating nursing students ready to practice. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to evaluate the effect of a perioperative clinical immersion on the perceptions of readiness for practice held by senior students working toward a bachelor of science in nursing. Seven senior nursing students participated in the perioperative clinical immersion at one midwestern university. At the end of the immersion, the students participated in an interview that was designed to capture their perceptions of the program. We performed data analysis and identified recurring key words that were evaluated further as attributes of critical thinking, skill competency, and role socialization. The data analysis revealed the students’ perceptions of growth and readiness for practice. We found that a perioperative clinical immersion provides senior nursing students with an opportunity for professional growth and possible employment in the perioperative area.
Effects of the printing parameters on short‐term creep behaviors of three‐dimensional printed polymers
Authors: Tezel Tugce , Kovan Volkan , Topal Eyup Sabri 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPolylactic acid (PLA), despite its widespread use in three‐dimensional (3D) printing technique, is lacking in the literature on creep behavior due to the printing parameters. Also, the potential use of carbon fiber‐reinforced composites as 3D printing materials is remarkable as it improves mechanical properties of the produced parts. Therefore, it is important to find out the positive/negative effects of composite filaments on creep strength. The main purpose of this research is to examine the creep behaviors of PLA and PLA composite produced with 3D printer and to reveal the effects of the printing parameters on the short‐term creep. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47564.
Synthesis and Structural Determination of the Disordered Bixbyite Cu3‐xSb1+xO5.5+3x/2 with Spin‐Glass Behaviour
Authors: Spasovski Martin , Avdeev Maxim , Söhnel Tilo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe ternary copper antimony oxide Cu3‐xSb1+xO5.5+3x/2 (x=0.23) has been synthesized under 0.8–1.3 MPa pO2 at 1022–1082 °C. Rietveld refinements of X‐ray and neutron powder diffraction patterns concluded that the oxide adopts a bixbyite type structure, crystallising in the cubic space group Ia‐3 with the unit cell parameter a=9.61164(4) Å at room temperature from powder neutron diffraction data. The cationic 8b and 24d sites were found to be occupationally disordered where both Cu and Sb could be found on both sites. This is supported by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy experiments showing more than one possible Cu environment. There was a significant net deficiency of oxygen in the compound which was first inferred from observations of a thermochromic‐like phenomena and also seen from in situ high temperature neutron diffraction experiments. Magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements show paramagnetic behaviour with spin‐glass like transition below 6 K.
Mg Cathode Materials and Electrolytes for Rechargeable Mg Batteries: A Review
Authors: Ma Zheng , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Kar Mega 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe development of energy storage devices has been motivated by the growing availability of sustainable energy sources, as well as the wider application of portable devices and a variety of electric vehicles including bicycles, scooters, cars and buses. Concerns regarding the safety of lithium batteries in certain applications, and limited lithium and cobalt resources required for conventional cathode materials, have driven researchers to develop alternatives that are safer and cheaper, thereby using more abundant metals such as sodium, magnesium, aluminium, and calcium. Among them, rechargeable magnesium batteries have drawn special interest, since Mg does not plate in a dendritic form, which opens up the possibility of the safe use of a simple metal anode. In this review, we summarize typical Mg electrolyte systems that are compatible with reversible Mg deposition and stripping, focusing on the active Mg complexes. To fabricate a rechargeable device, an appropriate cathode is necessary, which must also be abundant and compatible with the electrolytes to suitable cathode materials are also briefly discussed.
Interim analysis incorporating short‐ and long‐term binary endpoints
Authors: Niewczas Julia , Kunz Cornelia U. , König Franz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDesigns incorporating more than one endpoint have become popular in drug development. One of such designs allows for incorporation of short‐term information in an interim analysis if the long‐term primary endpoint has not been yet observed for some of the patients. At first we consider a two‐stage design with binary endpoints allowing for futility stopping only based on conditional power under both fixed and observed effects. Design characteristics of three estimators: using primary long‐term endpoint only, short‐term endpoint only, and combining data from both are compared. For each approach, equivalent cut‐off point values for fixed and observed effect conditional power calculations can be derived resulting in the same overall power. While in trials stopping for futility the type I error rate cannot get inflated (it usually decreases), there is loss of power. In this study, we consider different scenarios, including different thresholds for conditional power, different amount of information available at the interim, different correlations and probabilities of success. We further extend the methods to adaptive designs with unblinded sample size reassessments based on conditional power with inverse normal method as the combination function. Two different futility stopping rules are considered: one based on the conditional power, and one from P‐values based on Z‐statistics of the estimators. Average sample size, probability to stop for futility and overall power of the trial are compared and the influence of the choice of weights is investigated.
Effects of antibiotics on degradation and bioavailability of different vitamin E forms in mice
Authors: Ran Linwu , Liu Anna B. , Lee Mao‐Jung , Xie Ping , Lin Yong , Yang Chung S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3), all existing in α, β, γ, and δ‐forms, are the eight forms of vitamin E (VE). In this study, we investigated the effects of gut microbiota on the degradation and tissue levels of different VE forms by treating mice with antibiotics in drinking water for 12 days. The mice also received an intragastric (i.g.) dose of VE mixture (mVE; α‐T, γ‐T, δ‐T, γ‐T3, and δ‐T3, each at a dose of 75 mg/kg) every morning. Antibiotic treatment significantly increased the blood levels of all VE forms in mice that received an i.g. dose of mVE in the morning, 3 h before sacrifice. Without this morning dose, the blood levels of α‐T were at the normal physiological levels, but those of the other VE forms were much lower; and the levels of all VE forms were not significantly affected by antibiotics. The liver levels of these VE forms were generally higher and followed the same pattern as the serum. On the contrary, the levels of most side‐chain degradation metabolites of VE forms in the serum, liver, kidney, urine, and fecal samples were significantly decreased by antibiotics. The increased bioavailability of VE by antibiotics is probably due to increased absorption of VE or its decreased degradation by gut microbes. The results demonstrate the important roles of gut microbiota in the degradation of VE and in decreasing the bioavailabilities of VE forms. © 2019 BioFactors, 45(3):450–462, 2019
Meta-analysis of clinical outcome after treatment for achalasia based on manometric subtypes
Authors: Andolfi C , Fisichella P M 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
The introduction of high-resolution manometry and the Chicago classification has made it possible to diagnose achalasia and predict treatment response accurately. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the different treatments available on symptomatic outcomes across all achalasia subtypes.

Methods
The study was conducted according to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. A literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE databases was undertaken to identify all relevant articles reporting clinical outcomes of patients with achalasia after botulinum toxin injection, pneumatic dilatation, laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) and peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) based on manometric subtypes. Patients were grouped according to the Chicago classification and the success rate in treating symptoms was measured as the primary endpoint.

Results
Twenty studies (1575 patients) were selected, and data on botulinum toxin, pneumatic dilatation, LHM and POEM were extracted. Success rates for LHM in type I, II and III achalasia were 81, 92 and 71 per cent respectively. Those for POEM were 95, 97 and 93 per cent respectively. POEM was more likely to be successful than LHM for both type I (odds ratio (OR) 2·97, 95 per cent c.i. 1·09 to 8·03; P = 0·032) and type III (OR 3·50, 1·39 to 8·77; P = 0·007) achalasia. The likelihood of success of POEM and LHM for type II achalasia was similar.

Conclusion
Pneumatic dilatation had a lower but still acceptable success rate compared with POEM or LHM in patients with type II achalasia. POEM is an excellent treatment modality for type I and type III achalasia, although it did not show any superiority over LHM for type II achalasia.