bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial PET-CT Scans Can Help Determine Duration of Antibiotic Therapy After Endovascular Mycotic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Weissmann Jonathan , Shnaker Ali , Mahajna Shadi , Ajaj Moanis , Fajer Simone 
Published: August 2019

Mycotic aortic aneurysm is a rare vascular condition, with high-risk for fatal complications. In cases of bacterial infection, prolonged antibiotic therapy is administered. There is no consensus on duration of antibiotic therapy and close follow-up is recommended following surgical and endovascular interventions. We report a case of a patient, who was diagnosed with mycotic aneurysm and underwent successful endovascular repair. Extended postoperative antibiotic treatment was administered. The duration was determined by sequential Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans over a period of 6 months.
Comparative effectiveness of dimethyl fumarate as the initial and secondary treatment for MS
Authors: Granqvist Mathias , Burman Joachim , Gunnarsson Martin , Lycke Jan , Nilsson Petra , Olsson Tomas , Sundström Peter , Svenningsson Anders , Vrethem Magnus , Frisell Thomas , Piehl Fredrik 
Published: August 2019

Background: Population-based real-world evidence studies of the effectiveness and tolerability of dimethyl fumarate in relation to common treatment alternatives are still limited. Objective: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and tolerability of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) as the initial and secondary treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared with common treatment alternatives in Sweden. Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective observational cohort study of all RRMS patients identified through the Swedish MS registry initiating DMF ( n = 641) or interferons/glatiramer acetate (IFN/GA; n = 555) as the initial therapy, or DMF ( n = 703) or fingolimod (FGL; n = 194) after switch from IFN/GA between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016. Results: The discontinuation rate was lower with DMF as the initial treatment than IFN/GA (adjusted hazard rate (HR): 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37–0.58, p < 0.001), but higher than FGL as the secondary treatment (HR: 1.51, CI: 1.08–2.09, p < 0.05). Annualized relapse rate (ARR) was lower with DMF compared to IFN/GA (0.04, CI: 0.03–0.06 vs 0.10, CI: 0.07–0.13; p < 0.05), but not FGL (0.03, CI: 0.02–0.05 vs 0.02, CI: 0.01–0.04; p = 0.41). Finally, time to first relapse (TTFR) was longer with DMF as the initial, but not secondary, therapy ( p < 0.05 and p = 0.20, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that DMF performs better than IFN/GA as the initial treatment for RRMS. Compared to FGL, DMF displayed a lower tolerability, but largely similar effectiveness outcomes.
Fidelity and acceptability of a family-focused technology-based telehealth nutrition intervention for child weight management
Authors: Chai Li Kheng , Collins Clare E , May Chris , Brown Leanne J , Ashman Amy , Burrows Tracy L 
Published: August 2019

Introduction Previous reviews of family-based interventions for childhood obesity treatment found that studies were of low methodological quality with inadequate details reported, especially related to intervention fidelity. The evaluation of fidelity is crucial to inform interpretation of the intervention outcomes. This study aimed to summarise intervention fidelity, participants’ acceptability and satisfaction with a 12-week family-focused technology-based child nutrition and weight management intervention. Methods Families with children aged 4–11 years participated in a telehealth intervention with complementary components: website, Facebook group and text messages. Intervention fidelity was reported using National Institutes of Health Treatment Fidelity Framework. Delivery was measured using a dietitian-reported evaluation survey. Google Analytics and Bitly platform were used to objectively track data on frequency and pattern of intervention use. Participants’ acceptability and satisfaction were measured using a process evaluation survey. Results Telehealth consultations delivered by trained dietitians had good adherence (≥83%) to the structured content. Process evaluation results indicated that parents ( n =  30; mean age 41 years, 97% were female, body mass index 30 kg/m2) found the intervention components easy to use/understand (87–100%), the programme had improved their family/child eating habits (93%), and they wanted to continue using telehealth and the website, as well as recommending it to other parents (90–91%). Discussion In summary, a family-focused technology-based child nutrition and weight management intervention using telehealth, website, Facebook and SMS can be delivered by trained dietitians with good fidelity and attain high acceptability and satisfaction among families with primary-school-aged children in New South Wales, Australia.
The psychosocial needs and quality of life of family caregivers of patients with organ transplant
Authors: Divdar Zahra , Foroughameri Golnaz , Farokhzadian Jamileh 
Published: August 2019

Background Families of patients with organ transplants experience many problems, both with the onset of illness and during the hospitalisation of their relative for an organ transplant. The healthcare providers try their best to give high-quality care to patients. However, they neglect quality of life and psychosocial needs of family caregivers. Aims This study aimed to assess the psychosocial needs and quality of life of the family caregivers of post-transplant patients and the relationship between these two variables. Methods This descriptive correlational study was conducted on liver, kidney and bone marrow transplant wards in the largest transplant centre affiliated with a university of medical science in south-eastern Iran. The sample included 230 family caregivers of post-transplant patients, who were selected using quota sampling. Data were collected using the 45-item questionnaire of psychosocial needs (the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory) with five dimensions (assurance, comfort, information, proximity and support), and the Short Form-36 Quality of Life questionnaire with eight scales (physical functioning, physical problems, emotional problems, social functioning, pain, vitality, mental health and perception of health). In the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory, 1 indicates not important and 4 very important. In the Short Form-36 Quality of Life questionaire, 0 indicates the worst health and 100 the best health. Results The participants rated the mean of their psychosocial needs as important (3.18 ± 0.27). Also, the mean of quality of life of participants was at an undesirable level (45.17 ± 92.66). The psychosocial needs of the caregivers showed a poor, inverse significant relationship with their quality of life ( r = −0.16, p = 0.01). Conclusion The results showed that with increasing psychosocial needs of family caregivers of post-transplant patients, their quality of life declines. Healthcare providers should implement developed plans and appropriate strategies to fulfil psychosocial needs and improve the quality of life of family caregivers of these patients.
Involving carers in risk assessment: a study of a structured dialogue between mental health nurses and carers
Authors: Jackson Haley , Wray Jane , Gardiner Eric , Flanagan Tracy 
Published: August 2019

Background Involving carers is a key priority in mental health services. Carers report the sharing of service users’ safety information by mental health nurses is problematic and seldom takes place. Aims The impact of an intervention on consensus between nurses and carers on perceptions of risk was investigated. Methods Carer–nurse risk consensus scores were measured pre- and post-introduction of a structured dialogue (paired t-test/ANOVA). Carer experience with involvement was surveyed pre-test ( n = 60) and compared with the post-test intervention group ( n = 32) (chi-square tests of linear-by-linear association). Results Consensus and perceptions regarding type and severity of risk did not change significantly for carers or nurses after engaging in a structured dialogue. Statistically significant differences were found with carers reporting higher levels of satisfaction with services in four out of six areas surveyed. Conclusions Findings provide support for increasing carer contribution to discussions regarding risk. Further work to embed carer involvement in clinical practice is warranted.
Nebulized hypertonic saline in noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a comprehensive review
Authors: Máiz Carro Luis , Martínez-García Miguel A. 
Published: August 2019

Bronchiectasis occurs as a result of a vicious circle consisting of an impaired mucociliary transport system, inflammation, and infection and repair of the airways. Damage to the mucociliary system prevents secretion elimination and facilitates bacterial growth and bronchial inflammation. To facilitate mucociliary clearance, current guidelines recommend the use of hypertonic saline (HS) solutions in patients with bronchiectasis not secondary to cystic fibrosis (CF), although the evidence of efficacy in this pathology is sparse. A high percentage of patients with CF and bronchiectasis tolerate HS solutions, but often patients report cough, dyspnoea, throat irritation, or salty taste after inhalation. These adverse effects negatively impact adherence to treatment, which sometimes must be discontinued. Some studies have shown that the addition of hyaluronic acid increases the tolerability of HS solutions, both in patients with CF and in bronchiectasis of other etiologies. We aimed to review the benefits and safety of HS solutions in patients with bronchiectasis. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
Venous stasis-induced fibrinolysis prevents thrombosis in mice: role of α2-antiplasmin
Authors: Singh Satish , Houng Aiilyan K. , Reed Guy L. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Singh et al investigated the relationship among stasis, fibrinolysis, and venous thromboembolism (VTE), demonstrating a complex interaction by which venous stasis activates both thrombosis and fibrinolysis. Blocking the effects of α2-antiplasmin abolishes VTE, suggesting a potential novel approach to preventing thrombosis.
Analysis of 153 115 patients with hematological malignancies refines the spectrum of familial risk
Authors: Sud Amit , Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Thomsen Hauke , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Houlston Richard S. , Hemminki Kari 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSud and colleagues interrogated the familial risk of hematological malignancy in association with over 150 000 patients. The majority of hematological malignancies showed increased familial relative risk, most prominently in association with B-cell malignancies.
Efficacy and safety of ralinepag, a novel oral IP agonist, in PAH patients on mono or dual background therapy: results from a phase 2 randomised, parallel group, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Torres Fernando , Farber Harrison , Ristic Arsen , McLaughlin Vallerie , Adams John , Zhang Jinkun , Klassen Preston , Shanahan William , Grundy John , Hoffmann Ines , Cabell Christopher , Escribano Subías Pilar , Sood Namita , Keogh Anne , D'Souza Gwyn , Rubin Lewis 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThis phase 2 study was designed to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of immediate-release orally administered ralinepag, a selective, non-prostanoid prostacyclin receptor agonist with a 24-h terminal half-life, compared to placebo in adult patients with symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Methods61 PAH patients who were receiving standard care, including mono or dual PAH-targeted background therapy were randomised 2:1 to ralinepag (n=40) or placebo (n=21). The starting dose of ralinepag was 10 μg twice daily. Dosage was then up-titrated as tolerated over the course of the 9-week dose-titration period, to a maximum total daily dose of 600 μg (300 μg twice daily). The primary efficacy end-point was the absolute change in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) from baseline to week 22. Additional end-points included percentage change in PVR from baseline, other haemodynamic parameters, 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and safety and tolerability.ResultsRalinepag significantly decreased PVR by 163.9 dyn·s·cm−5compared to an increase of 0.7 dyn·s·cm−5with placebo (p=0.02); the least-squares mean change from baseline PVR was −29.8% compared with placebo (p=0.03). 6MWD increased from baseline by 36.2 m with ralinepag and 29.4 m with placebo (p=0.90). Serious adverse events occurred in 10% of ralinepag patients and 29% of placebo patients. Study discontinuations occurred in 13% of ralinepag patients and 10% of placebo patients.SummaryRalinepag reduced PVR compared with placebo in PAH patients on mono (41%) or dual combination (59%) background therapy.
Outdoor air pollution and the burden of childhood asthma across Europe
Authors: Khreis Haneen , Cirach Marta , Mueller Natalie , de Hoogh Kees , Hoek Gerard , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J. , Rojas-Rueda David 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that air pollution may contribute to childhood asthma development. We estimated the burden of incident childhood asthma that may be attributable to outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) in Europe.MethodsWe combined country-level childhood incidence rates and pooled exposure–response functions with childhood (age 1–14 years) population counts, and exposure estimates at 1 540 386 1 km×1 km cells, across 18 European countries and 63 442 419 children. Annual average pollutant concentrations were obtained from a validated and harmonised European land-use regression model. We investigated two exposure reduction scenarios. For the first, we used recommended annual World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline values. For the second, we used the minimum air pollution levels recorded across 41 studies in the underlying meta-analysis.ResultsNO2 ranged from 1.4 to 70.0 µg·m−3, with a mean of 11.8 µg·m−3. PM2.5 ranged from 2.0 to 41.1 µg·m−3, with a mean of 11.6 µg·m−3. BC ranged from 0.003 to 3.7×10−5 m−1, with a mean of 1.0×10−5 m−1. Compliance with the NO2 and PM2.5 WHO guidelines was estimated to prevent 2434 (0.4%) and 66 567 (11%) incident cases, respectively. Meeting the minimum air pollution levels for NO2 (1.5 µg·m−3), PM2.5 (0.4 µg·m−3) and BC (0.4×10−5 m−1) was estimated to prevent 135 257 (23%), 191 883 (33%) and 89 191 (15%) incident cases, respectively.ConclusionsA significant proportion of childhood asthma cases may be attributable to outdoor air pollution and these cases could be prevented. Our estimates underline an urgent need to reduce children's exposure to air pollution.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Circular RNA MYLK promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by increasing Rab23 expression by sponging miR-362-3p
Authors: Li Zhiqin , Hu Yushu , Zeng Qinglei , Wang Hongyan , Yan Jingya , Li Hua , Yu Zujiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
CircRNA myosin light chain kinase (circRNA MYLK) has been shown to promote the progression of various tumor diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential molecular mechanism of circMYLK in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
The quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the expressions of circMYLK, miR-362-3p and Rab23 in HCC tissues and cell lines. Huh7 and Hep3B cells were selected to explore the role of circMYLK in proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cells in vitro. The interaction among circMYLK, miR-362-3p and Rab23 was investigated by biological information and dual luciferase gene reporter assay. The effect of circMYLK on HCC tumor growth in vivo was studied in a tumor xenograft model in mice.

Results
CircMYLK was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, which was associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. In addition, knockdown of circMYLK remarkably inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of Huh7 and Hep3B cells. MiR-362-3p was a direct target of circMYLK, and Rab23 was a direct target gene of miR-362-3p. Meanwhile, circMYLK was negatively correlated with the expression of miR-362-3p and positively correlated with Rab23 expression. Moreover, either overexpressed miR-362-3p or silencing Rab23 could observably suppress the enhanced proliferation, invasion, and migration induced by circMYLK in Huh7 and Hep3B cells. Finally, knockdown of circMYLK and overexpressed miR-362-3p could suppress the expression of Rab23, thus inhibiting the growth and proliferation of Hep3B cells in vivo.

Conclusion
circMYLK promotes the occurrence and development of HCC by regulating the miR-362-3p/Rab23 axis, which provides a novel direction and theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
Trusted service manager (TSM) based privacy preserving and secure mobile commerce framework with formal verification
Authors: Ahamad Shaik Shakeel , Pathan Al-Sakib Khan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMobile contactless payment (MCP) is the future technology that is used for mobile payments, mobile wallet, transportation, and for mobile coupons. Existing solutions in this realm do not ensure end-to-end communication, information privacy, and the client’s anonymity. In order to overcome these flaws, we propose a secure and privacy preserving mobile commerce (SPPMC) framework for near-field communication (NFC) based proximity payments. SPPMC framework achieves both communication and information privacy. It ensures the client’s anonymity by making use of traceable anonymous certificates (TAC). Grid of secure elements (GSE) is used at the banking servers. The cost of computation and communication is very less. SPPMC ensures end-to-end security and withstands any type of known attack including multi-protocol attack. SPPMC is successfully verified using Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic and Scyther tool. It ensures all the security properties.
Convolutional neural network for seismic impedance inversion
Authors: Das Vishal , Pollack Ahinoam , Wollner Uri , Mukerji Tapan 
Published: August 2019

We have addressed the geophysical problem of obtaining an elastic model of the subsurface from recorded normal-incidence seismic data using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We train the network on synthetic full-waveform seismograms generated using Kennett’s reflectivity method on earth models that were created under rock-physics modeling constraints. We use an approximate Bayesian computation method to estimate the posterior distribution corresponding to the CNN prediction and to quantify the uncertainty related to the predictions. In addition, we test the robustness of the network in predicting impedances of previously unobserved earth models when the input to the network consisted of seismograms generated using: (1) earth models with different spatial correlations (i.e. variograms), (2) earth models with different facies proportions, (3) earth models with different underlying rock-physics relations, and (4) source-wavelet phase and frequency different than in the training data. Results indicate that the predictions of the trained network are susceptible to facies proportions, the rock-physics model, and source-wavelet parameters used in the training data set. Finally, we apply CNN inversion on the Volve field data set from offshore Norway. P-wave impedance [Formula: see text] inverted for the Volve data set using CNN showed a strong correlation (82%) with the [Formula: see text] log at a well.
Dissociative identity disorder needs re-examination
Authors: Tyrer Peter 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYDissociative identity disorder (DID) is as real as any other psychiatric disorder but has been over-diagnosed by gullible clinicians, especially in forensic settings. Its classification has been poor, but the new ICD-11 classification, especially of partial DID, should help research and practice.DECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Changes in smoking status, mental state and plasma clozapine concentration: retrospective cohort evaluation
Authors: Qurashi Inti , Stephenson Paul , Nagaraj Chitra , Chu Simon , Drake Richard , Couchman Lewis , Flanagan Robert 
Published: August 2019

Aims and methodTo investigate the percentage of patients who commenced smoking after transferring out of a non-smoking forensic psychiatric unit, the corresponding clozapine dose adjustments, the effects on plasma clozapine/norclozapine concentrations and observed changes in mental state. We reviewed the notes and plasma clozapine/norclozapine concentrations of 46 patients transferred to medium secure units between July 2008 and December 2013.ResultsThirty-five patients commenced smoking. Their median clozapine dose was increased by 50 mg/d. In the non-smokers, the median clozapine dose remained unchanged. Plasma clozapine/norclozapine concentrations were significantly reduced in smokers despite dosage adjustment. Eighteen patients experienced deterioration in mental state after transfer; almost all these patients were smokers.Clinical implicationsApproximately three-quarters of patients who were non-smokers by virtue of being in a secure non-smoking environment commenced smoking after transfer. Monitoring of clozapine serum levels and assessment of mental state in the immediate period after a change in smoking status is indicated.
Genomic Analysis of Metastatic Solid Tumors in Veterans: Findings From the VHA National Precision Oncology Program
Authors: Poonnen Pradeep J. , Duffy Jill E. , Hintze Bradley , Shukla Maulik , Brettin Thomas S. , Conrad Neal R. , Yoo Hyunseung , Guertin Christopher , Looney Jane A. , Vashistha Vishal , Kelley Michael J. , Spector Neil L. 
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the largest cancer care provider in the United States, with the added challenge of serving more than twice the percentage of patients with cancer in rural areas than the national average. The VHA established the National Precision Oncology Program in 2016 to implement and standardize the practice of precision oncology across the diverse VHA system. METHODS Tumor or peripheral blood specimens from veterans with advanced solid tumors who were eligible for treatment were submitted for next-generation sequencing (NGS) at two commercial laboratories. Annotated results were generated by the laboratories and independently using IBM Watson for Genomics. Levels-of-evidence treatment recommendations were based on OncoKB criteria. RESULTS From July 2016 to June 2018, 3,698 samples from 72 VHA facilities were submitted for NGS testing, of which 3,182 samples (86%) were successfully sequenced. Most samples came from men with lung, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Thirty-four percent of samples were from patients who lived in a rural area. TP53, ATM, and KRAS were among the most commonly mutated genes. Approximately 70% of samples had at least one actionable mutation, with clinical trials identified as the recommended option in more than 50%. Mutations in genes associated with a neuroendocrine prostate cancer phenotype were expressed at increased frequency among veterans than in the general population. The most frequent therapies prescribed in response to NGS testing were immune checkpoint inhibitors, EGFR kinase inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors. CONCLUSION Clinical implementation of precision oncology is feasible across the VHA health care system, including rural sites. Veterans have unique occupational exposures that might inform the nature of the mutational signatures identified here. Importantly, these results underscore the importance of increasing clinical trial availability to veterans.