bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entheseal changes and demographic/health indicators in the upper extremity of modern Americans: Associations with age and physical activity
Authors: Godde K. , Wilson Taylor R.J. , Gutierrez C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to further the understanding of the relationship between age and entheseal changes by using trends in living Americans compared to skeletal remains of modern Americans, and applying the knowledge to the bioarchaeological record. Documentation of age, activity level, body mass index, stature, and body mass was combined with entheseal change scores gathered from the upper extremity to statistically test the relationship between age and entheseal change with and without controls of documented demographic and health factors. An active subsample was constructed using self‐reported repetitive activities and discernment of position within stated career. Fibrocartilaginous entheses reported in the literature to be better suited to estimate occupation were separated from other entheses. A series of Cochran–Mantel–Hanzel and analysis of variance‐based tests were applied to the data. Interobserver reliability was also examined with a linear‐weighted Cohen's kappa. Statistical analysis shows only 1 enthesis has a significant positive relationship with age and 2 with activity. Body mass index and body mass were associated with 9 entheses that were spread across the occupation‐associated fibrocartilaginous entheses and all other entheses. Interobserver reliability ranged from low to substantial agreement. Interobserver error estimates suggest some entheses are more reliable than others. Results provide little support for a relationship between age and entheseal changes and activity and entheseal changes, which partially coincides with previous research. An increase in activity with age in our sample, around the age of retirement, mirrors trends in living Americans and supports our conclusions. For bioarchaeologists, these results suggest interpretations of entheses should be cautiously applied and revolve around body size rather than activity levels.
Protein kinase C zeta suppresses low‐ or high‐grade colorectal cancer (CRC) phenotypes by interphase centrosome anchoring
Authors: Deevi Ravi Kiran , Javadi Arman , McClements Jane , Vohhodina Jekaterina , Savage Kienan , Loughrey Maurice Bernard , Evergren Emma , Campbell Frederick Charles 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHistological grading provides prognostic stratification of colorectal cancer (CRC) by scoring heterogeneous phenotypes. Features of aggressiveness include aberrant mitotic spindle configurations, chromosomal breakage, and bizarre multicellular morphology, but pathobiology is poorly understood. Protein kinase C zeta (PKCz) controls mitotic spindle dynamics, chromosome segregation, and multicellular patterns, but its role in CRC phenotype evolution remains unclear. Here, we show that PKCz couples genome segregation to multicellular morphology through control of interphase centrosome anchoring. PKCz regulates interdependent processes that control centrosome positioning. Among these, interaction between the cytoskeletal linker protein ezrin and its binding partner NHERF1 promotes the formation of a localized cue for anchoring interphase centrosomes to the cell cortex. Perturbation of these phenomena induced different outcomes in cells with single or extra centrosomes. Defective anchoring of a single centrosome promoted bipolar spindle misorientation, multi‐lumen formation, and aberrant epithelial stratification. Collectively, these disturbances induce cribriform multicellular morphology that is typical of some categories of low‐grade CRC. By contrast, defective anchoring of extra centrosomes promoted multipolar spindle formation, chromosomal instability (CIN), disruption of glandular morphology, and cell outgrowth across the extracellular matrix interface characteristic of aggressive, high‐grade CRC. Because PKCz enhances apical NHERF1 intensity in 3D epithelial cultures, we used an immunohistochemical (IHC) assay of apical NHERF1 intensity as an indirect readout of PKCz activity in translational studies. We show that apical NHERF1 IHC intensity is inversely associated with multipolar spindle frequency and high‐grade morphology in formalin‐fixed human CRC samples. To conclude, defective PKCz control of interphase centrosome anchoring may underlie distinct categories of mitotic slippage that shape the development of low‐ or high‐grade CRC phenotypes. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Anton Chekhov and Robert Koch Cheek to Cheek: A Proteomic Study
Authors: D'Amato Alfonsina , Zilberstein Gleb , Zilberstein Svetlana , Golovan Mikhail Ivanovich , Zhuravleva Anastasiya Anatolyevna , Righetti Pier Giorgio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFive different letters and post cards as well as the shirt worn by Anton Chekhov on his death bed, stored in the State Literary‐Memorial Museum‐Reserve A. P. Chekhov Melikhovo (nearby Moscow), have been analyzed by applying EVA (an ethyl vinyl acetate foil studded with crushed strong anion and cation exchangers and with C8 resins) diskettes to these surfaces. Three different eluates (under acidic and basic conditions and with acetonitrile) were analyzed by high resolution mass spectrometry. The environmental microbiota present on samples and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain were described by a meta‐proteomics approach. Eight identified M. tuberculosis proteins confirmed the presence of the bacterium and the cause of Chekhov's death, in addition to several sequenced peptides belonging to other bacterial species. The human plasma proteins and human keratins, detected on a tiny blood spot on the shirt, demonstrated the power of the combined approach.
Class IV laser therapy for trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis: Study protocol for a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Medina‐Porqueres Ivan , Cantero‐Tellez Raquel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and prevalent joint disorder with great impact on quality of life and high economic burden. Although a number of conservative therapies have proven to be effective for the management of hand OA, only modest treatment effects were reported for most individual interventions. The aim of the proposed study is to assess the effect of Class IV laser therapy (LT) on pain and pinch strength in patients with thumb carpometacarpal (TCMC) OA.MethodsA randomized, controlled, single‐centre, double‐blind, clinical trial, with 1:1 allocation ratio, will be carried out involving patients presenting TCMC‐OA Grades 1–2 (aged >18 years). Both assessor and statistician will remain blinded. Patients with TCMC‐OA will be randomly assigned to the experimental group (will receive LT) and control group (will receive a placebo treatment). Outcome measures will be pain scores at the base of the thumb measured with visual analogue scale (0–10: 0, no pain and 10, worst pain) and changes in pinch strength, both collected at baseline, 4, and 12 weeks. Statistical analyses will be based on an intention‐to‐treat analysis using the last value forward method. A two‐tailed independent Student's t test for the continuous variable of age and baseline scores will be used for comparison of baseline characteristics and outcome variables. Paired Student's t tests will be used to determine the level of significance of the differences between the pretreatment and posttreatment measurements of the individual groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to determine the differences in time as the within‐subjects factor and group as the between‐subjects factor.DiscussionTo our knowledge, the results of this study will provide the first double‐blinded evidence for Class IV LT in patients with TCMC‐OA.
The nucleotide‐bound/substrate‐bound conformation of the Mycoplasma genitalium DnaK chaperone
Authors: Adell Maria , Calisto Bárbara M. , Fita Ignacio , Martinelli Luca 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHsp70 chaperones keep protein homeostasis facilitating the response of organisms to changes in external and internal conditions. Hsp70s have two domains—nucleotide binding domain (NBD) and substrate binding domain (SBD)—connected by a conserved hydrophobic linker. Functioning of Hsp70s depend on tightly regulated cycles of ATP hydrolysis allosterically coupled, often together with cochaperones, to the binding/release of peptide substrates. Here we describe the crystal structure of the Mycoplasma genitalium DnaK (MgDnaK) protein, an Hsp70 homolog, in the noncompact, nucleotide‐bound/substrate‐bound conformation. The MgDnaK structure resembles the one from the thermophilic eubacteria DnaK trapped in the same state. However, in MgDnaK the NBD and SBD domains remain close to each other despite the lack of direct interaction between them and with the linker contacting the two subdomains of SBD. These observations suggest that the structures might represent an intermediate of the protein where the conserved linker binds to the SBD to favor the noncompact state of the protein by stabilizing the SBDβ‐SBDα subdomains interaction, promoting the capacity of the protein to sample different conformations, which is critical for proper functioning of the molecular chaperone allosteric mechanism.Comparison of the solved structures indicates that the NBD remains essentially invariant in presence or absence of nucleotide.
Black Hole Solutions in Gauss‐Bonnet‐Massive Gravity in the Presence of Power‐Maxwell Field
Authors: Hendi S. H. , Eslam Panah B. , Panahiyan S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMotivated by recent progresses in the field of massive gravity, the paper at hand investigates the thermodynamical structure of black holes with three specific generalizations: i) Gauss‐Bonnet gravity which is motivated from string theory ii) PMI nonlinear electromagnetic field which is motivated from perspective of the QED correction iii) massive gravity which is motivated by obtaining the modification of standard general relativity. The exact solutions of this setup are extracted which are interpreted as black holes. In addition, thermodynamical quantities of the solutions are calculated and their critical behavior are studied. It will be shown that although massive and Gauss‐Bonnet gravities are both generalizations in gravitational sector, they show opposing effects regarding the critical behavior of the black holes. Furthermore, a periodic effect on number of the phase transition is reported for variation of the nonlinearity parameter and it will be shown that for super charged black holes, system is restricted in a manner that prevents it to reach the critical point and to acquire phase transition. In addition, the effects of geometrical structure on thermodynamical phase transition will be highlighted.
Ultraviolet–visible phototransformation of dehydroacetic acid – Structural characterization of photoproducts and global ecotoxicity
Authors: De Vaugelade Ségolène , Nicol Edith , Vujovic Svetlana , Bourcier Sophie , Pirnay Stéphane , Bouchonnet Stéphane 
Published: March 2018

RationaleThe present work is devoted to the structural elucidation of by‐products issued from the direct ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) irradiation of dehydroacetic acid (DHA) in solution and in cosmetic emulsion.MethodsAnalyses were carried out using gas chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry and by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultrahigh‐resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC/UHRMS). The potential toxicities of by‐products were estimated by in silico calculations based on a QSAR (Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship) approach and by in vitro bioassays conducted on Vibrio fischeri bacteria.ResultsThree photoproducts were detected by LC/MS while one photoproduct was detected by GC/MS. The first photoproduct (PP1) corresponds to an isomer of DHA while two isomeric compounds correspond to dimeric structures. The oral rat LD50 of PP1 was evaluated to be 4.5 times lower than that of the parent molecule which classes it in the category ‘moderately toxic’ on the Hodge and Sterne toxicity classification. In vitro assays on Vibrio fischeri bacteria showed that the global ecotoxicity of the DHA solution increases with irradiation time.ConclusionsWith the exception of one photoproduct, the structures proposed for the photoproducts on the basis of mass spectral interpretation have not been reported in previous studies. All photoproducts, with the exception of dimers, were detected after irradiation in the cosmetic emulsion. This result shows that personal care products containing DHA must be protected from direct sunlight to prevent photodegradation.
Ultrafine Molybdenum Carbide Nanocrystals Confined in Carbon Foams via a Colloid‐Confinement Route for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: Kou Zongkui , Wang Tingting , Cai Yi , Guan Cao , Pu Zonghua , Zhu Changrong , Hu Yating , Elshahawy Abdelnaby M. , Wang John , Mu Shichun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrecise size‐controlled synthesis and multiscale assembly of ultrafine non‐noble‐metal‐based catalysts play a key role in electrochemical energy conversion. Herein, a novel colloid‐confinement strategy for facile synthesis of ultrafine molybdenum carbide nanocrystals with sub‐2 nm average size assembled in carbon foams (uf‐Mo2C/CF) is reported. First, uniformly sized colloidal SiO2 nanospheres are chosen to confine the metal source (NH4)6Mo7O24 molecules and the glucose is as carbon source. Subsequently, by a high temperature reduction–carbonization, Mo2C nanocrystals are achieved and uniformly assembled on the in situ formed amorphous carbon foams. The as formed uf‐Mo2C/CF demonstrates superior hydrogen evolution activity and outstanding stability in the whole pH range. These results indicate the validity of size control and multiscale structural assembly of metal carbide nanocrystals by consideration of the overall mass transport, accessibility, and quantity, as well as the capability of the active sites toward efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. This strategy can also be expanded to other energy‐related application.
Heads from the North: Transcultural Memorialization of the 1965 Indonesian Killings at the National Gallery of Australia
Authors: McGregor Katharine 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This chapter considers the functions and messages of an Australian memorial dedicated to those killed in the 1965 Indonesian killings. Using the concept of transcultural memory, McGregor examines the personal and transcultural connections between the violence and the Indonesian artist behind the work, Dadang Christanto and between Australia and Indonesia more broadly. McGregor advocates for a new conceptualization of globalized memories of violence that reflects not only the movement of people and memory through migration, but also the processes by which we can see national histories as entwined.
A Novel Wound Retractor Combining Continuous Irrigation and Barrier Protection Reduces Incisional Contamination in Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Papaconstantinou Harry T. , Ricciardi Rocco , Margolin David A. , Bergamaschi Roberto , Moesinger Robert C. , Lichliter Warren E. , Birnbaum Elisa H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) remains a persistent and morbid problem in colorectal surgery. Key to its pathogenesis is the degree of intraoperative bacterial contamination at the surgical site. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel wound retractor at reducing bacterial contamination.MethodsA prospective multicenter pilot study utilizing a novel wound retractor combining continuous irrigation and barrier protection was conducted in patients undergoing elective colorectal resections. Culture swabs were collected from the incision edge prior to device placement and from the exposed and protected incision edge prior to device removal. The primary and secondary endpoints were the rate of enteric and overall bacterial contamination on the exposed incision edge as compared to the protected incision edge, respectively. The safety endpoint was the absence of serious device‐related adverse events.ResultsA total of 86 patients were eligible for analysis. The novel wound retractor was associated with a 66% reduction in overall bacterial contamination at the protected incision edge compared to the exposed incision edge (11.9 vs. 34.5%, P < 0.001), and 71% reduction in enteric bacterial contamination (9.5% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.001). The incisional SSI rate was 2.3% in the primary analysis and 1.2% in those that completed the protocol. There were no adverse events attributed to device use.ConclusionsA novel wound retractor combining continuous irrigation and barrier protection was associated with a significant reduction in bacterial contamination. Improved methods to counteract wound contamination represent a promising strategy for SSI prevention (NCT 02413879).
Factors That Influence Pancreatic Beta Cell Function and Insulin Resistance in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Sub-Analysis of the MARCH Trial
Authors: Duan Yan , Liu Jia , Xu Yuan , Yang Ning , Yang Wenying , Wang Guang 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Introduction
The Metformin and Acarbose in Chinese as the initial Hypoglycemic treatment (MARCH) trial has demonstrated a similar efficacy in HbA1c reduction between acarbose and metformin treatments in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The current sub-analysis of the MARCH trail aims to evaluate the baseline characteristics that may influence the improvement of pancreatic β-cell function and insulin resistance after acarbose therapy in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.

Methods
Of the 784 patients who entered the MARCH trail, 391 were assigned to the acarbose therapy group; 304 of these completed 48 weeks of follow-up of acarbose therapy. At 48 weeks, on the basis of the tertiles of change in homeostasis model assessment–beta cell function (∆HOMA-β) and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (∆HOMA-IR), the subjects were divided into lowly, mediumly, and highly improved groups.

Results
In the highly improved HOMA-β group, patients had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting serum insulin (FINS) concentration, and HOMA-IR in comparison to the lowly improved group (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between HbA1c, SBP, and highly improved ∆HOMA-β (p < 0.05), while an inverse correlation was evident between HDL-c and highly improved ∆HOMA-β (p < 0.05). The highly improved HOMA-IR group had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), FINS concentration, and HOMA-β in comparison to the lowly improved group (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between FBG, waist circumference, and highly improved HOMA-IR (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Newly diagnosed T2DM Chinese patients with lower baseline HDL-c and higher HbA1c and SBP values are more likely to achieve improvement in beta cell function whereas baseline fasting blood glucose and waist circumference were the significant factors associated with improvement in insulin resistance with acarbose therapy.

Trial Registration
The clinical trial registry number was ChiCTR-TRC-08000231.
Managing subjectivity: Omission and expression of first-person singular object a mí in Spanish media discourse
Authors: Serrano María José 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn considering the cognitive notion of informativeness, variants of the Spanish first-person singular objecta mí‘to me’, ‘myself’ convey different meanings. These meanings are used to pursue communicative goals in discursive interactions. A qualitative examination of specific examples of first-person singular objecta mívariants (omitted, preverbal, and postverbal) as well as a quantitative analysis of these variants across different socio-professional affiliations of speakers was conducted to ascertain how these variants contribute to the construction of communicative styles based on the cognitive dimension of subjectivity. This article demonstrates that these forms and their meanings are unevenly distributed across the socio-professional affiliations of speakers; thus, it may be concluded that variation of first-person singular objecta míshape different communicative styles.
Glacial–interglacial change in chlorite concentration from the Lingtai section in the Chinese Loess Plateau over the past 1.2 Ma and its possible forcing mechanisms
Authors: He Tong , Liu Lianwen , Chen Yang , Sheng Xuefen , Ji Junfeng , Chen Jun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigh-precision concentrations of chlorite minerals from the Lingtai section in the Chinese Loess Plateau and the surrounding deserts are presented through a mineral liberation analyzer technique. Variations in chlorite concentration over the last 0.5 Ma display a typical pattern of glacial–interglacial changes, with its bulk content in loess units approximately twice that in paleosol units. This climate-driven chlorite change is more pronounced in the fine-size fraction (5–20 μm) of the loess deposits. Evidence from changes in hornblende and muscovite along the same profile suggests that the glacial–interglacial oscillations were likely controlled by changes in atmospheric circulation and shifts in the dust provenance instead of postdepositional weathering. A relatively high chlorite content in several deserts near Mt. Qilian compared with the other desert basins suggests that a transport pathway in the west–east direction, associated with southward shifts of the winter monsoons, may play an important role in modulating the chlorite records. In addition, enhanced saltation and transportation of dust materials is thought to be a main driver of the pronounced changes in the fine-size fraction. Finally, we discuss a possible forcing mechanism behind different long-term trends between the chlorite and its secondary weathering products we observed here.
The association between executive functioning and psychopathology: general or specific?
Authors: Bloemen A. J. P. , Oldehinkel A. J. , Laceulle O. M. , Ormel J. , Rommelse N. N. J. , Hartman C. A. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundWe modeled both psychopathology and executive function (EF) as bi-factor models to study if EF impairments are transdiagnostic or relate to individual syndromes, and concurrently, if such associations are with general EF or specific EF impairments.MethodsData were obtained from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS; N = 2230). Psychopathology was assessed with parent-report questionnaires at ages 11, 14, 16, and 19, and EF with tasks from the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks program at ages 11 and 19. Bi-factor models were fitted to the data using confirmatory factor analysis. Correlations were estimated to study the associations between general or specific components of both psychopathology and EF.ResultsA bi-factor model with a general psychopathology factor, alongside internalizing (INT), externalizing, attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), and autism spectrum (ASD) problem domains, and a bi-factor model with a general EF factor, alongside specific EFs were adequately fitting measurement models. The best-fitting model between EF and psychopathology showed substantial associations of specific EFs with the general psychopathology factor, in addition to distinct patterns of association with ASD, ADHD, and INT problems.ConclusionsBy studying very diverse psychopathology domains simultaneously, we show how EF impairments cross diagnostic boundaries. In addition to this generic relation, ADHD, ASD, and INT symptomatology show separable profiles of EF impairments. Thus, inconsistent findings in the literature may be explained by substantial transdiagnostic EF impairments. Whether general EF or specific EFs are related to psychopathology needs to be further studied, as differences in fit between these models were small.