bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disc Electrophoresis Study of Serum Proteins from Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Macroglobulinemia
Authors: ZINGALE SALVADOR B. , MATTIOLI CARLOS A. , BOHNER HANS D. , BUENO MARIA P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sera from 31 patients with plasma cell myeloma and seven with macroglobulinemia were analyzed by the disc electrophoresis method (Ornstein and David).
Of the 31 myeloma cases, 24 were found to have a single component. In the remaining cases, in spite of apparent homogeneity in paper electrophoresis, several abnormal components were seen.
Ultracentrifugal studies revealed that the heterogeneous myeloma components are a group of globulins with a sedimentation rate between 7S and 19S. Some of the latter components could be easily dissociated by sulfhydryl liberating compounds.
Comparison of the results with those obtained by paper and immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that all the heterogeneous proteins were fast globulins of the β2A type.
The possible significance of the heterogeneous myloma proteins is discussed.
Abnormal Karyotype Findings in Bone Marrow and Lymph Node Aspirates of a Patient with Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: TJIO J. H. , MARSH JOHN C. , WHANG JACQUELINE , FREI EMIL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma, leukocytosis, eosinophilia, and granulocytic hyperplasia of the bone marrow was treated with chemotherapy and radiation with many changes in her clinical state but maintained a consistent chromosome abnormality in the bone marrow before and during treatment. A lymph node aspirate obtained before treatment showed the same abnormality. There were consistently two chromosomes missing, one each in group 6-12 and 13-15 respectively. These were replaced by two new chromosomes: one was very similar to pair 3 and the other was acrocentric and slightly longer than pair 21. The skin and peripheral blood leukocyte culture had a normal female karyotype. The leukemoid blood picture was differentiated from chronic myelocytic leukemia by the absence of the Ph1 chromosome, normal serum B12, and normal leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity.
L.E. Cells in Lymphoma
Authors: HOWQUA JUNE , MACKAY IAN R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two elderly women suffering from lymphoma—lymphosarcoma and Hodgkin’s disease respectively—had positive L.E. cell tests.
In one case the L.E. phenomenon was strongly and consistently positive, as were tests for thyroglobulin antibody and rheumatoid factor; treatment with radioactive phosphorus was beneficial.
The origin of antinuclear and other autoantibodies in lymphoma could be attributed to (a) the development of self-reactivity by the neoplastic lymphoid cells themselves, (b) to weakness of homeostatic control over other self-reactive cells in neoplastic lymphoid tissue, or (c) to the release of a range of abnormal clones, possibly as a consequence of a combination of germinal and somatic mutation.
An Evaluation of DFP32 and Cr51 as Methods of Measuring Red Cell Life Span in Man
Authors: CLINE MARTIN J. , BERLIN NATHANIEL I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
DFP32 or Cr51 red cell survival studies were performed in 39 patients with hematologic disorders. In each case the erythrocyte life span was also determined using the C14-labeled glycine technic.
Good agreement was found between the survival data obtained by the DFP32 and the glycine method. The red cell Cr51 T½ failed to reflect moderate shortening of red cell survival in a significant number of cases when a 25 day half-time was taken as the lower limit of normal. The occasional discrepancy between the erythrocyte life spans obtained with labeled glycine and the Cr51 halftime is probably the result of the limitations of the prevalent method of Cr51 data analysis and of the wide range of Cr51 elution rates in disease.
Because of its simplicity and reliability, the DFP32 technics appears to be the method of choice for the determination of red cell survival.
Studies of Abnormal Leukocyte Bodies in the Mink
Authors: LEADER ROBERT W. , PADGETT GEORGE A. , GORHAM JOHN R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The occurrence of abnormal bodies in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes of Aleutian (aa) mink is reported. Similarities of these bodies to the leukocyte abnormalities of Chediák-Higashi syndrome of children are pointed out.
Studies on Hemoglobin
Authors: RACHMILEWITZ E. A. , IZAK G. , NELKEN D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Specific antisera with high antibody titers could be prepared against adult, cord blood, dog and rabbit hemoglobin solutions. These sera were employed to study the antigenic properties of the above hemoglobins.
Common antigenic properties could be detected between hemoglobin solutions prepared from human, canine and rabbit blood.
No immunologic difference could be found between the fetal fractions of adult human blood, cord blood and thalassemia patients’ hemoglobin solutions.
The Distribution of the Philadelphia Chromosome in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: WHANG JACQUELINE , FREI EMIL , TJIO J. H. , CARBONE PAUL P. , BRECHER GEORGE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirteen patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia continued to have the Ph1 chromosomes in 90-100 per cent dividing marrow cells during drug-induced clinical remissions. The Ph1 chromosome was present in erythroid as well as granulocytic marrow cells, and possibly in megakaryocytes.
The presence of Ph1 chromosomes was also studied in cultures of peripheral blood. In six patients in relapse, 40 per cent of metaphases contained the Ph1 chromosome, and the percentage of these cells corresponded roughly to the relative frequency of immature granulocytes in the blood. In contrast, during remission, few or no Ph1 chromosomes were found in peripheral blood cultures, presumably because in the absence of immature granulocytes the dividing cells in the cultures originate from lymphocytes, as they do in normal blood.
It is suggested that the Ph1 chromosome usually arises in a precursor cell common to the erythroid, granulocytic, and megakaryocytic, but not the lymphoid series of hemopoietic cells.
Survival of Radiochromium-labeled Platelets in Thrombocytopenias
Authors: NAJEAN YVES , ARDAILLOU NICOLE , CAEN JACQUES , LARRIEU MARIE-JOSÉ , BERNARD JEAN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet survival studies were performed by the radiochromium method in 280 patients. Although various types of patients were studied, markedly accelerated platelet destruction was encountered only in those with ITP. No thrombocytopenic patient was found with accelerated platelet production and changes in platelet count with therapy reflected corresponding changes in survival. The use of surface scanning showed that patients with significant splenic localization were more suitable candidates for splenectomy that those without this localization.
Protein Metabolism and Erythropoiesis. II. Erythropoietin Formation and Erythroid Responsiveness in Protein-deprived Rats
Authors: REISSMANN KURT R. , Dietrich Mary Ruth , Kennedy Myrle Jean 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1) Rats on a normal and non-protein diet were hypertransfused to suppress their endogenous erythropoietin formation. Injection of erythropoietin elicited nearly identical increases in radioiron incorporation in the two dietary groups.
(2) Normal and protein-starved rats were exposed to lowered atmospheric pressure. At each level of hypoxia the erythropoietin titer in the plasma of protein-starved rats were significantly lower than those in normal diet groups.
(3) Re-proteinization resulted in significant increases in erythropoietin level.
(4) It is concluded that protein deficiency does not affect cytoplasmic protein synthesis in erythroid precursors directly, and the depression of erythropoiesis is attributed to a diminished formation of erythropoietin.
Chemical Characterization of Three Hemoglobins G
Authors: BOWMAN BARBARA H. , OLIVER CLARENCE P. , BARNETT DONALD R. , CUNNINGHAM JAMES E. , SCHNEIDER ROSE G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three abnormal hemoglobins identified as G by their electrophoretic mobility and performance on resin chromatography have been discovered in three healthy unrelated Negro individuals in Texas. These three G hemoglobins have been shown to belong to the same molecular species and to have a substitution in the 43rd residue of the β chain. Glutamic acid, which is present in this position in hemoglobin A, has been replaced by alanine in hemoglobin G. According to the recent suggestions on nomenclature of abnormal hemoglobins, hemoglobin GGalveston may be formulated as α24β243 Glu→ ala. Moreover, it has been shown that the following hemoglobins belong to the same molecular species: hemoglobin GGalveston, hemoglobin GPort Arthur, and hemoglobin GTexas. This alteration is the first to be described in the fifth tryptic peptide of the β chain of human hemoglobin and differs from all abnormal hemoglobins previously reported.
The Effect of Erythropoietic Stimulation on the Hemopoietic Colony-forming Cells of Mice
Authors: BRUCE W. R. , MCCULLOCH E. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of prolonged hypoxia on the mouse hemopoietic system has been examined in order to ascertain the effect of this intense stimulus on quantitative measures of differentiation and proliferation on the erythropoietic system.
The first change that was observed (2-3 days after hypoxia) was a marked increase in the in vitro iron incorporation of the spleen cells and a less marked increase of that of the marrow cells. Later (at 4 days), there was an increase in peripheral reticulocytes. Following both of these events there was a marked decrease in the number of colony-forming cells in the spleen of the hypoxic mice but no change in the number in the marrow.
We conclude that the primitive erythroid precursor that is sensitive to erythropoietic stimulation is not the colony-forming cell. We suggest, instead, that the late decrease in colony-forming cells in the spleen is a response to a depleted pool of cells sensitive to erythropoietin and that colony-forming cells are differentiated to produce more of these cells.
The Development of Leukemia in Lethally Irradiated Mice Protected with Cells from Mice of a High Incidence Leukemia Strain
Authors: HAYS ESTHER FINCHER , WHITE EDWARD M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
These experiments show that certain AKR cells have a leukemic potential which can develop even when they reside in a foreign host. The results indicate that these cells are most prevalent in the 20-week-old AKR thymus, but are also found to be present in AKR bone marrow as early as 7 weeks of age.
The Activation of Factor X by Extracts of Rabbit Brain
Authors: NEMERSON YALE , SPAET THEODORE H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thromboplastic preparations were obtained from rabbit brain. The data indicate that standard acetone-dried reagent functions by activating factor X, with factor VII as an accelerator. When crude tissue reagent was fractionated by butanol treatment and saline extraction, a water-soluble material was obtained which similarly activated factor X. In each case, a source of phosphatide was necessary for activated factor X to yield full clotting activity; this phosphatide was provided in the crude tissue reagent but it was lacking in the water-soluble extract.
The extract was further purified and characterized. It appears to be a protein and it evidently activates factor X enzymatically. The data thus indicate that brain thrombloplastin contains two separable clotting activities: one of these activates factor X, the other supplies phosphatide.
Plasma Fibrin Stabilizing Factor Activity in Various Diseases
Authors: NUSSBAUM MURRAY , MORSE BERNARD S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ninety-five of 322 patients were found to have diminished plasma fibrin stabilizing factor (FSF) activity as measured by a modification of a threshold assay method.
Repeat assays were normal in 85 of these 95 specimens after the addition of cysteine or other sulfhydryl-containing compounds to the plasma, suggesting that FSF was inactive in these instances.
Abnormal specimens obtained from six patients with acute granulocytic leukemia, and three obstetrical patients with hypofibrinogenemia had decreased concentrations of FSF since the repeated assays were normal after 6 hours of incubation but not after the addition of cysteine. One abnormal specimen obtained from a severe cirrhotic in hepatic coma failed to show normal FSF activity after the addition of cysteine, after incubation and after mixing with equal volumes of normal plasma. This suggested the presence of an inhibitor of FSF. No specific correlation could be made between diminished FSF activity and hemorrhagic symptoms.
It is proposed that normal hepatic function is necessary for the activation of FSF or for the removal of an inhibitor.
Experimental Production of Pyridoxine Deficiency Anemia in Rats
Authors: SHEN SHU CHU , WONG PETER Y. C. , OGURO MASSAO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rats fed a diet deficient in pyridoxine all exhibited a severe microcytic hypochromic anemia after 40 to 50 weeks. This anemia responded promptly to pyridoxine administration. The myeloid:erythroid ratio in the bone marrow of the severely anemic rats was definitely increased, suggestive of hypoplasia of the erythroid series, after prolonged deprivation of pyridoxine. The ratio was markedly decreased shortly after the inception of pyridoxine treatment, indicating active erythropoiesis induced by therapy; the ratio subsequently returned toward normal when hemoglobin level improved. There was no evidence of accumulation of iron in the bone marrow. The serum iron level increased only slightly, to high-normal values in the anemic rats, but fell to low-normal level after the administration of pyridoxine.
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with Fibrinogen and Factor V Deficiencies
Authors: DIDISHEIM PAUL , TROMBOLD JOHN S. , VANDERVOORT ROBERT L. E. , MIBASHAN R. SOUGIN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) are reported. Many of the promyelocytes were atypical. Of the 57 patients with this disorder in the literature, only three survived more than 4 months. Our patients underwent complete remission on 6-mercaptopurine, and survived 8 and 14 months, respectively.
2. Coagulation abnormalities in these two patients were thrombocytopenia; fibrinogen and factor V deficiencies; and, in one, prothrombin deficiency. These defects disappeared with remission, then reappeared terminally. In contrast to most previous reports, no increased fibrinolytic activity was found in their blood. Infused fibrinogen disappeared abnormally rapidly from the blood of one patient; this was not affected by simultaneous heparin administration, and no thrombi were seen at autopsy.
3. Fibrinogen, factor V, and prothrombin were assayed in 86 patients with other forms of leukemia before treatment or in relapse. Fibrinogen deficiency was found in none; prothrombin and/or factor V deficiency in eight. Three of these had acute myeloblastic, three acute myelomonoblastic, and two chronic myelocytic leukemia.
4. The characteristic cellular morphology, combined with the usual finding of fibrinogen and factor V deficiencies, makes for a distinct differentiation of APL from other forms of leukemia.
Idiopathic Dyserythropoietic Jaundice
Authors: BERENDSOHN SIEGFRIED , LOWMAN JAMES , SUNDBERG DOROTHY , WATSON C. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The term "dyserythropoietic jaundice" is used to designate a peculiar abnormality characterized by marked overproduction of bilirubin and associated with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and great excesses of fecal urobilinogen. Labeling with N15 glycine revealed that these excesses were mainly unrelated to destruction of mature circulating red cells, which had only a slightly shortened life span.
2. The hyperplastic, normoblastic bone marrow exhibited considerable phagocytosis of red cells and normoblasts and marked hemosiderosis with many iron-laden phagocytes. Siderocytes were relatively rare in the peripheral blood, which also exhibited consistent reticulocytosis, 3-10 per cent, but normal erythrocyte porphyrin concentrations. There was increased plasma iron turnover but decreased appearance of Fe59 in the circulating red cells.
3. The possibility is considered that there is a basic abnormality in hemoglobin synthesis in the normoblasts, with excessive production of hemoglobin or heme which is then converted to bilirubin either within the normoblast or after excretion into the blood. The observed phagocytosis of normoblasts and erythrocytes may be a secondary rather than basic disturbance of the disease.
4. This case appears to represent a unique form of chronic jaundice due to a remarkable overproduction of bilirubin without evidence of hemolysis in the ordinary sense. The extent to which this is related to intramedullary destruction of young red cells or to a basic abnormality in hemoglobin synthesis in the normoblasts, as above, cannot be determined. It is considered less likely that the overproduction is due to a true shunt—that is, bilirubin formation from porphyrin precursors. The marked dyserythropoiesis suggests that the overproduction of bilirubin was medullary rather than hepatic, although the latter is not excluded.
The Significance of Iron Turnover in the Control of Iron Absorption
Authors: WEINTRAUB LEWIS R. , CONRAD MARCEL E. , CROSBY WILLIAM H. , Foy Arthur L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Following acute blood loss, there is a 4- to 5-day lag before any demonstrable change in plasma iron kinetics. Then there is a shortened Fe59 T½ and transient fall in the plasma iron. Associated with this is a decrease in the intestinal content of iron and an increased absorption of iron. We suggest the iron content of the epithelial cell is important in the regulation of its ability to absorb iron. The intestinal iron content is in turn closely controlled by the plasma iron turnover.
Lipids of Human Platelets and Their Action on the Blood Coagulation Process
Authors: WOODSIDE E. E. , THERRIAULT D. G. , KOCHOLATY W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1) Purification of lipid extracts from human platelets yielded non-lipid material which exhibited anti-thromboplastic and/or anti-thrombic properties. In one instance, both uronic acids and hexosamines were absent; consequently, the anticoagulant activity could not be attributed to the presence of acid mucopolysaccharides. The purified lipid fraction contained most of the thromboplastic activity of human platelets.
(2) The neutral lipid fraction of human platelets contained neither vitamins A, D, E, and K nor steroid hormones. The neutral lipids of human platelets exhibited no thromboplastic activity when tested individually or in combination with one another or with lecithin.
(3) Human platelet phospholipids were resolved into five major fractions by means of silicic acid column chromatography and countercurrent distribution technics. The purified lecithin, sphingomyelin, and inositol phosphatides were void of any thromboplastic activity when tested individually or in combination with one another. It was confirmed that both phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine exhibited thromboplastic activity and that phosphatidylserine at high concentrations had a pronounced anticoagulant effect.
(4) When phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine were combined, synergistic thromboplastic activity was observed. When phosphatidylserine was combined with lecithin, the thromboplastic activity of phosphatidylserine was greatly enhanced.
Studies on Lymphocytes. III. Effects of Extracorporeal Irradiation of the Circulating Blood upon the Lymphoreticular Organs in the Calf
Authors: COTTIER H. , CRONKITE E. P. , JANSEN C. R. , RAI KANTI R. , SINGER S. , SIPE C. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Extracorporeal x-irradiation of the circulating blood of the calf severely depletes the population of small lymphocytes within the body.
2. The number of circulating blood lymphocytes drops to a low constant level after 12 hours of extracorporeal irradiation that is maintained up to 48 hours of extracorporeal irradiation. On the other hand the lymphoreticular tissues continue to lose lymphocytes between the twelfth and forty-eighth hour of extracorporeal irradiation. Therefore, the apparent steady-state lymphocyte level in the peripheral blood is maintained by a non-steady-state process in the lymphoreticular organs where the new production of lymphocytes is far insufficient to replace the cells leaving these tissues.
3. The cellular debris caused by extracorporeal irradiation of the circulating blood is found within the spleen, lung, liver, lymph nodes and elsewhere, in this order of relative concentration.
4. A unique pathologic phenomenon is produced within two days of extracorporeal irradiation of the circulating blood, e.g., a combination of intact or even actively proliferating germinal centers with a marked diminution in the concentration of small lymphocytes. This technic of depletion of small lymphocytes, leaving germinal centers intact, should permit studies for evaluation of the relative importance of germinal centers vs. small lymphocytes in primary and secondary immune responses.
5. The above findings are discussed in relation to lymphocyte production rate, stores, mobilization and recirculation.
Evaluation of Nialamide on the Coagulation of Blood
Authors: MASCHOUF CHAPOUR , ROBINSON ROGER W. , LEBEAU RAOUL J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nialamide at a single oral dose of about 3 mg./Kg. body weight produced decreased prothrombin activation by rendering the platelets less effective. It also decreased the adhesiveness of the platelets as measured by two different technics. A new technic for measuring the adhesiveness of the platelets has been described. It utilized a principle by which venous blood directly circulated through a column of fine glass beads, after which the platelets were reduced in number.
Eosinophilic Leukemia A Morphologic and Histochemical Study
Authors: ACKERMAN G. ADOLPH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Correlated histochemical, phase and electron microscopic studies were employed in examining the eosinophils from a patient with acute eosinophilic leukemia. Numerous morphologic alterations were observed in the leukemic eosinophils and eosinophilic myelocytes. These alterations included asynchronous nuclear-cytoplasmic maturation; an increase in cell size; the formation of eosinophilic granules which vary markedly in number, size, contour, and density; and the presence of fibrillar formations in some of the leukemic cells. Histochemically, the major alterations observed in the leukemic cells were the extensive deposition of glycogen in the cytoplasm and the demonstration of increased phosphorylase activity in these cells. Other minor variations in the histochemical reactivity of the leukemic eosinophils also have been described. Histochemical procedures included technics for proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme activities.