bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimates of the Prevalence of Speech and Motor Speech Disorders in Youth With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Baylis Adriane L. , Shriberg Lawrence D. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Speech sound disorders and velopharyngeal dysfunction are frequent features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q). We report the first estimate of the prevalence of motor speech disorders (MSDs) in youth with 22q.

Method
Seventeen children and adolescents with 22q completed an assessment protocol that included a conversational speech sample. Data reduction included phonetic transcription, perceptual speech ratings, prosody-voice coding, and acoustic analyses. Data analyses included 3 motor speech measures and a cross-classification analytic. Prevalence estimates of speech and MSDs in youth with 22q were compared with estimates in speakers with other complex neurodevelopmental disorders: Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and galactosemia.

Results
Results indicated that 58.8% of the participants with 22q met criteria for speech delay, and 82.4% of the participants met criteria for MSDs, including 29.4% with speech motor delay, 29.4% with childhood dysarthria, 11.8% with childhood apraxia of speech, and 11.8% with concurrent childhood dysarthria and childhood apraxia of speech. MSDs were not significantly associated with velopharyngeal dysfunction.

Conclusions
In summary, 82.4% of the participants with 22q met criteria for 1 of 4 MSDs, predominantly speech motor delay and childhood dysarthria. Cross-validation of the present findings would support viewing MSDs as a core phenotypic feature of 22q.
The Effects of Speech Compression Algorithms on the Intelligibility of Two Individuals With Dysarthric Speech
Authors: Utianski Rene L. , Sandoval Steven , Berisha Visar , Lansford Kaitlin L. , Liss Julie M. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Telemedicine, used to offset disparities in access to speech-language therapy, relies on technology that utilizes compression algorithms to transmit signals efficiently. These algorithms have been thoroughly evaluated on healthy speech; however, the effects of compression algorithms on the intelligibility of disordered speech have not been adequately explored.

Method
This case study assessed acoustic and perceptual effects of resampling and speech compression (i.e., transcoding) on the speech of 2 individuals with dysarthria. Forced-choice vowel identification and transcription tasks were utilized, completed by 20 naive undergraduate listeners.

Results
Results showed relative improvements and decrements in intelligibility, on various measures, based on the speakers' acoustic profiles. The transcoding of the speech compression algorithm resulted in an enlarged vowel space area and associated improvements in vowel identification for 1 speaker and a smaller vowel space area and decreased vowel identification for the other speaker. Interestingly, there was an overall decrease in intelligibility in the transcription task in this condition for both speakers.

Conclusions
There is a complex interplay between dysarthria and compression algorithms that warrants further exploration. The findings suggest that it is critical to be mindful of apparent changes in intelligibility secondary to compression algorithms necessary for practicing telemedicine.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7291940
An Eye-Tracking Study of Receptive Verb Knowledge in Toddlers
Authors: Valleau Matthew James , Konishi Haruka , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick , Hirsh-Pasek Kathy , Arunachalam Sudha 
Published: December 2018

PurposeWe examined receptive verb knowledge in 22- to 24-month-old toddlers with a dynamic video eye-tracking test. The primary goal of the study was to examine the utility of eye-gaze measures that are commonly used to study noun knowledge for studying verb knowledge.MethodForty typically developing toddlers participated. They viewed 2 videos side by side (e.g., girl clapping, same girl stretching) and were asked to find one of them (e.g., “Where is she clapping?”). Their eye-gaze, recorded by a Tobii T60XL eye-tracking system, was analyzed as a measure of their knowledge of the verb meanings. Noun trials were included as controls. We examined correlations between eye-gaze measures and score on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI; Fenson et al., 1994), a standard parent report measure of expressive vocabulary to see how well various eye-gaze measures predicted CDI score.ResultsA common measure of knowledge—a 15% increase in looking time to the target video from a baseline phase to the test phase—did correlate with CDI score but operationalized differently for verbs than for nouns. A 2nd common measure, latency of 1st look to the target, correlated with CDI score for nouns, as in previous work, but did not for verbs. A 3rd measure, fixation density, correlated for both nouns and verbs, although the correlation went in different directions.ConclusionsThe dynamic nature of videos depicting verb knowledge results in differences in eye-gaze as compared to static images depicting nouns. An eye-tracking assessment of verb knowledge is worthwhile to develop. However, the particular dependent measures used may be different than those used for static images and nouns.
Language Skill Mediates the Relationship Between Language Load and Articulatory Variability in Children With Language and Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Vuolo Janet , Goffman Lisa 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between language load and articulatory variability in children with language and speech sound disorders, including childhood apraxia of speech.

Method
Forty-six children, ages 48–92 months, participated in the current study, including children with speech sound disorder, developmental language disorder (aka specific language impairment), childhood apraxia of speech, and typical development. Children imitated (low language load task) then retrieved (high language load task) agent + action phrases. Articulatory variability was quantified using speech kinematics. We assessed language status and speech status (typical vs. impaired) in relation to articulatory variability.

Results
All children showed increased articulatory variability in the retrieval task compared with the imitation task. However, only children with language impairment showed a disproportionate increase in articulatory variability in the retrieval task relative to peers with typical language skills.

Conclusion
Higher-level language processes affect lower-level speech motor control processes, and this relationship appears to be more strongly mediated by language than speech skill.
InAs‐based quantum cascade lasers emitting close to 25 µm
Authors: Loghmari Z. , Bahriz M. , Meguekam A. , Teissier R. , Baranov A.N. 
Published: December 2018

Indium arsenide (InAs)‐based quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) operating close to 25 µm are reported. Thick n‐doped InAs cladding layers were used for optical confinement. Fabry–Perot lasers exhibited a threshold current density as low as 1.1 kA/cm2 in pulsed mode at 80 K. The lasers operated in this regime up to 240 K, where the threshold current density increased up to 1.7 kA/cm2. These are the lowest threshold current densities for QCLs operating above 20 µm.
Monopulse antenna‐pointing system modelling and simulation
Authors: Latifzade Mohammad Ali , Arvan Mohammad Reza , Mohseni Armaki Hosein 
Published: December 2018

Mahdasht Satellite Receiving Station (MSRS) has been using 10 m reflector antenna to communicate with LEO satellite at S‐band (2.2–2.3 GHz) and X‐band (8–8.4 GHz). Presently, antenna pointing operates in program tracking. Pointing accuracy under program tracking conditions is in the neighbourhood of 0.2°. This is acceptable at S‐band, but not enough at X‐band. Due to the narrow beamwidth at X‐band, it is important to improve pointing accuracy significantly (0.05°). Monopulse antenna tracking is one approach that provides tracking accuracy at high‐frequency bands. This study presents mathematical model and simulation of monopulse pointing system using a novel analytic approach. Monopulse error signals are calculated using the proposed model while considering the kinematic equations with the assumption of the Gaussian radiation pattern for reflector antenna. The simulation results are verified by using a real (MSRS antenna) monopulse tracking system in X‐band frequency (8.2 GHz). The measurement and simulation results demonstrated the azimuth and elevation pointing errors are valid in 3 dB beamwidth.
Study of the aerodynamic regime of the cooling system of the foundations of buildings on the filling soil in the conditions of the Far North
Authors: Ivanov Victor , Ivanova Anastasiya 
Published: December 2018

During construction in the Far North, due to the preservation of permafrost soils, the buildings are arranged on piles and foundations on the bedding soil. In the foundations of buildings for a smaller impact on the ground and prevention from defrosting of the soil, air cooling systems with cooling pipes are provided. Seasonal and daily variations in the temperature of the outside air and intensity of solar radiation cause fluctuations in the temperature regime of the upper layers of the soil. As a result of transformation of natural soils into technogenic, its physical properties change significantly when exposed to negative temperatures. Freezing of the soil thawed out over the summer and its further cooling is achieved by passing cold air in the winter through the air channels. The cooling system must provide the position of the upper surface of the frozen soil state under the building, as adopted by the project.
This paper discusses the aerodynamic mode of the air cooling system for foundations on bedding in permafrost soils during the construction of various buildings and structures while preserving the base soils in a frozen state and using natural cold of the outside air, which will improve the reliability of permafrost bases. An engineering method has been developed for calculating the heat fluxes of soil and pipeline laid in thickness. A technique for engineering calculation of change in the thermal regime depending on the parameters of the outside air is given, which will make it possible to usefully use the energy of the cold enclosed in the ground to warm the outside air.
Treatment of canine sarcoptic mange with afoxolaner (NexGard®) and afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime (NexGard Spectra®) chewable tablets: efficacy under field conditions in Portugal and Germany
Authors: Hampel Verena , Knaus Martin , Schäfer Jürgen , Beugnet Frederic , Rehbein Steffen 
Published: December 2018

The efficacy of NexGard® and NexGard Spectra® against sarcoptic mange in dogs was evaluated in a clinical field study. Skin scrapings from dogs presenting signs suggestive of sarcoptic mange were examined to confirm infestation. A total of 106 dogs were screened at eight sites in Portugal and Germany. In all, 80 dogs that had demonstrated ≥5 live Sarcoptes mites in five skin scrapings were enrolled, scored for specific clinical signs (pruritus; papules and crusts; alopecia), and allocated at random to receive either NexGard® or NexGard Spectra® twice, one month apart per label instructions. To determine efficacy, live Sarcoptes mites in five skin scrapings per dog were counted, and clinical signs were scored one month and two months after first treatment and compared to pre-treatment (baseline) values. Based on compliance, 65 dogs were determined to be evaluable cases at the end of the study. The efficacy, in terms of reduction of geometric mean live Sarcoptes mite counts, was 98.9% and 99.7% for NexGard®-treated (n = 38) and 99.6% and 100% for NexGard Spectra®-treated dogs (n = 27) at one month and two months after treatment initiation (p < 0.001, both treatments). Both treatments resulted in a significant improvement in pruritus, papules and crusts, and alopecia one month and two months after treatment initiation (p = 0.0001, both treatments). In conclusion, this field study confirms that both NexGard® and NexGard Spectra® administered twice one month apart provide an effective and safe treatment against sarcoptic mange in dogs.
Neue europäische Synkopen-Leitlinie – was ist für die Praxis wichtig?
Authors: Stockburger Martin 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Frühjahr wurde eine umfangreiche Aktualisierung der im Jahr 2015 neu gestalteten Leitlinie der European Society of Cardiology (ESC) zur Diagnostik und Behandlung von Synkopen auf dem Kongress der European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) vorgestellt und im European Heart Journal publiziert 1. Die Leitlinie wurde unter breiter multidisziplinärer Beteiligung (Innere Medizin/Kardiologie/Physiologie/Notfallmedizin/Neurologie/Geriatrie/Pflegewissenschaften) erarbeitet. Als Hauptanliegen der Aktualisierung wird die Erleichterung der praktischen Anwendung vorhandenen Wissens zur Ätiologie und Risikobewertung von Synkopen und zu medizinisch wie auch ressourcenbezogen angemessenen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Strategien formuliert. Im klinischen Alltag bereitet die angemessene Einschätzung von Patienten mit Synkopen und die Anwendung geeigneter, also weder überdiagnostischer noch nachlässiger Diagnosestrategien nicht selten weiterhin Probleme. Neben der umfangreichen und ausgesprochen übersichtlich gehaltenen Synopsis zu allen Aspekten des kurzfristigen und reversiblen Bewusstseinsverlusts im Haupttext der Leitlinie wurde erstmals ausführliches praxisanleitendes Zusatzmaterial zur Verfügung gestellt 2. Dieser Artikel fasst wesentliche Inhalte und Handlungsempfehlungen der Leitlinie zusammen.
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Strategies for the Synthesis of Acyclic Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters
Authors: Trost Barry , Schultz Johnathan 
Published: December 2018

Over the past 20 years, the asymmetric synthesis of acyclic tetrasubstituted stereocenters by Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation (Pd-AAA) strategies has seen considerable growth. Despite the inherent difficulty in accessing acyclic tetrasubstituted stereocenters, creative approaches toward this problem have resulted in high stereoinduction on both electrophilic and nucleophilic reaction partners. Much of this chemistry has paved the way for unique solutions in Mo-, Ir-, and Rh-AAA, with many complimentary methods arising due to the unique regiochemical outcomes of AAA outside of Pd catalysis.1	Introduction2	Stereocontrol on Prochiral Electrophiles3	Stereocontrol on Prochiral Nucleophiles4	Temporary Cyclic Pronucleophiles5	Allylic Alkylation with Other Metals6	Conclusions and Outlook
Twofold Ferrocene C–H Lithiations For One-Step Difunctionalizations
Authors: Erb William , Mongin Florence 
Published: December 2018

For some aromatics, a twofold C–H deprotolithiation can be achieved, allowing these compounds to be subsequently difunctionalized in one step. This short review brings together examples in which ferrocenes are converted in this way.1	Introduction2	Bare Ferrocene3	Ferrocenes Substituted by Alkyl or Silyl Groups4	Ferrocenes Substituted by Aminoalkyls5	Ferrocenes Substituted by Halogens or Oxygen-Based Groups6	Ferrocenes Substituted by Alkoxyalkyls or Acetals7	Ferrocenes Substituted by Sulfoxides8	Ferrocenes Substituted by Oxazolines9	Ferrocenes Substituted by Carboxamides10	Conclusion
Nickel-Catalyzed Highly Atom-Economical C–C Coupling Reactions with π Components
Authors: Xiao Li-Jun , Ye Meng-Chun , Zhou Qi-Lin 
Published: December 2018

This account describes our latest advances in the field of nickel(0)-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of π components. All reactions proceed either through internal hydride transfer or by using an external proton as the hydride source, thereby eliminating the use of stoichiometric amounts of reductants or oxidants. These nickel-catalyzed atom-economical coupling reactions demonstrate that nickel not only is an inexpensive metal catalyst, but also possesses unique and versatile catalytic abilities. Current limitations and the outlook of these reactions are also discussed.1	Introduction2	Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Hydroacylation of Styrenes with Simple Aldehydes3	Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Hydroalkenylation of Imines and Aldehydes with Alkenes4	Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Styrenes and 1,3-Dienes with Organoboronic Derivatives5	Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of 1,3-Dienes with Simple Ketones6	Summary and Outlook
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy: An Overview
Authors: Fathalizadeh Alisan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAs surgical and interventional techniques are becoming progressively less invasive, the role of endoscopic practices is evolving. Upper and lower endoscopy can be employed for diagnostic purposes, screening and surveillance practices, and for therapeutic interventions. The most frequently applied different indications, tools, and techniques for the various uses of endoscopy will be discussed.
Management of Spontaneous CSF Rhinorrhea: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Keshri Amit , Jain Rajat , Manogaran Ravi Shankar , Behari Sanjay , Khatri Deepak , Mathialagan Arulalan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Introduction Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is the leakage of CSF through nasal cavity, due to abnormal communication between the arachnoid membrane and nasal mucosa. Middle-age (fourth to fifth decade) group, female gender, and obesity (body mass index > 40) are the most commonly reported risk-factors for this rare entity. In this study, we present our single center experience of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea discussing important clinicoradiological aspects in preoperative evaluation and nuances in the endoscopic repair technique.
Material and Methods A retrospective study conducted for 43 spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea patients admitted between Jan 2011 to Jan 2018 at our tertiary care center. All patients underwent endoscopic repair of the defect depending upon their site of leak.
Results Mean age in our study was 36.7 ± 12.3 years (range: 9–62 years). Average BMI in males was found lower (28.7) as compared with females (32).Most common site of CSF leak was cribriform plate (n = 32, 74.4%) and Planum was found to be the least common site (n = 1, 2.3%) of CSF leak.Intraoperatively, 23 (53.5%) patients showed high-flow leak. Intrathecal injection of fluorescein dye was used to identify the site of CSF leakage in 15 cases (34.8%). The overall success rate of primary endoscopic repair in our study was 95.3%.
Conclusion Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea occurs secondary to elevated intracranial pressure, with a predilection for obese females in fourth to fifth decade. Individualized tailored surgical approach depending upon the site, size, and flow-variety of the defect forms the cornerstone of management.
Sinonasal Melanoma: A Single Institutional Analysis and Future Directions
Authors: Manton Taylor , Tillman Brittny , McHugh Jonathan , Bellile Emily , McLean Scott , McKean Erin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background Sinonasal melanoma is a rare disease with a high mortality rate. The surgical management paradigm has significantly changed over the past decade with the introduction of expanded endonasal techniques. There have also been advances in management of metastatic and locally advanced disease with the advent of immunotherapy.
Methods Single-institution retrospective review of adult patients with sinonasal melanoma, surgically managed at the University of Michigan over a 9-year period. Thirty-one patients met inclusion criteria. All patients were retrospectively staged according to the 7th Edition AJCC staging system for mucosal melanoma. Parameters that may affect survival were analyzed using Cox's proportional hazard models and survival outcomes were analyzed with the Kaplan–Meier method. Additionally, a review of three patients with distant metastatic disease receiving immunotherapy is presented.
Results Most patients were managed endoscopically (67%), and had stage III disease (71%). However, 57% of stage IVB tumors were successfully managed endoscopically. Stage statistically impacted overall survival whereas distant control was impacted by stage, site of origin, mitotic rate, and necrosis. The 2-year overall survival for all stages was 77% which declined with advanced disease. Two-year locoregional control and distant control showed similar trends.
Conclusion Treatment of sinonasal melanoma has drastically changed over the past decade with increased use of expanded endonasal techniques. Our review revealed excellent 2-year overall survival in stage III disease with an appreciable decline in survival in more advanced disease. Immunotherapy may play a large role is future management given the high-risk of distant metastasis.
Large positive and negative values of Hardy’s 𝑍-function
Authors: Mahatab Kamalakshya 
Published: December 2018

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Macroscopic Schoen conjecture for manifolds with nonzero simplicial volume
Authors: Balacheff F. , Karam S. 
Published: December 2018

We prove that given a hyperbolic manifold endowed with an auxiliary Riemannian metric whose sectional curvature is negative and whose volume is sufficiently small in comparison to the hyperbolic one, we can always find for any radius at least

1
1

a ball in its universal cover whose volume is bigger than the hyperbolic one. This result is deduced from a nonsharp macroscopic version of a conjecture by R. Schoen about scalar curvature, whose proof is a variation of an argument due to M. Gromov and is based on a smoothing technique. We take the opportunity of this work to present a full account of this technique, which involves simplicial volume and deserves to be better known.