bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent or recurrent symptoms after arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement: A review of imaging findings
Authors: Woodward Rebecca M , Philippon Marc J 
Published: October 2018

SummaryHip arthroscopy is one of the most rapidly growing and evolving orthopaedic subspecialties. With the recent dramatic increase in the volume of hip arthroscopy performed there has been an increase in the number of symptomatic patients following arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement. Imaging has a key role in determining the need for revision surgery and in preoperative planning. Although the revision rate for hip arthroscopy is 3–9%, little has been published about the imaging findings associated with unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. This review discusses the significance of pre‐existing osteoarthritis and underlying hip dysplasia and describes the causes of persistent symptoms. Recent literature on extra articular impingement and causes of microinstability are presented. Post‐operative appearances are described focussing on the clinically relevant imaging findings. The challenges of evaluating the labrum after repair and specific findings associated with anchor failure and iatrogenic chondrolabral injury are discussed. The purpose of this article is to review the causes of unsatisfactory treatment outcomes after hip arthroscopy, role of imaging and indications for revision arthroscopy.
Randomized Placebo‐controlled Trial of Droperidol and Ondansetron for Adult Emergency Department Patients With Nausea
Authors: Meek Robert , Mee Michaela J. , Egerton‐Warburton Diana , Graudins Andis , Meyer Alastair , Pouryahya Pourya , Blecher Gabriel , Fahey James , Crow Sallyanne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to separately compare effectiveness of 1.25 mg of intravenous (IV) droperidol and 8 mg of IV ondansetron with 0.9% saline placebo for adult emergency department (ED) patients with nausea. A novel primary outcome measure, expected to aid clinical interpretation of reported results, was employed.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted at the three EDs of Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia. The design was to demonstrate superiority of the active drugs over placebo. The primary outcome measure of symptom improvement was defined as a visual analog scale (VAS) rating change of –8 mm or more from baseline at 30 minutes posttreatment. Mean VAS changes per group and percentages experiencing the desired treatment effect were also compared. The study was concluded after recruitment of 215 of the planned 378 patients, as interim analysis confirmed that continuation could not result in a finding of superiority.ResultsOf 215 patients, 73 (34%), 71 (33%), and 71 (33%) received droperidol, ondansetron, and placebo. Symptom improvement occurred in 75% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 64% to 85%), 80% (95% CI = 69% to 89%), and 76% (95% CI = 64% to 85%), respectively. Mean VAS changes were –29 mm (95% CI = –36 to –23 mm), –34 mm (95% CI = –41 to –28 mm), and –24 mm (95% CI = –29 to –19 mm), respectively. Desired treatment effects were experienced by 77% (95% CI = 65% to 86%), 73% (95% CI = 61% to 83%), and 59% (95% CI = 47% to 71%), respectively.ConclusionFor adult ED patients with nausea, superiority was not demonstrated for droperidol or ondansetron over placebo.
Implementing conservation measures for the North Atlantic right whale: considering the behavioral ontogeny of mother‐calf pairs
Authors: Cusano D. A. , Conger L. A. , Van Parijs S. M. , Parks S. E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the behavioral ecology of a species is fundamental to effective conservation and management efforts. This study quantifies the behavioral ontogeny of North Atlantic right whale mother‐calf pairs from birth to weaning spanning three critical habitat areas off the eastern coast of the United States and Canada. Data from 55 focal follows of 34 mother‐calf pairs were collected from 2011 to 2015. Resting behaviors dominated the activity budgets for both mother and calf during the first 5 months, putting them at increased risk of vessel collisions. There was an increase in the proportion of active behaviors (travel, foraging, social activity) in both mother and calf as the calf matured. Importantly, the type of active behaviors, in particular surface skim feeding and surface active social behavior, meant that the risk of vessel collision to the pair did not decrease as the calf matured. Mother‐calf right whale pairs showed very low calling rates on the calving grounds, suggesting that passive acoustic monitoring may not be an effective mitigation tool during the early months. However, calling rates increase once the pair leave the calving areas with both calf age and activity levels increasing, at which point passive acoustic monitoring becomes valuable. Protective measures need to take these rapid developmental changes throughout calf growth into account to improve the efficacy of protection measures for the endangered North Atlantic right whale and other species where behavioral ecology changes rapidly during maturation.
Behavioural tactics used by invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) to exploit apiaries in Australia
Authors: Silvester Renee , Greenlees Matthew , Shine Richard , Oldroyd Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBehavioural flexibility plays a key role in facilitating the ability of invasive species to exploit anthropogenically‐created resources. In Australia, invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) often gather around commercial beehives (apiaries), whereas native frogs do not. To document how toads use this resource, we spool‐tracked cane toads in areas containing beehives and in adjacent natural habitat without beehives, conducted standardized observations of toad feeding behaviour, and ran prey‐manipulation trials to compare the responses of cane toads versus native frogs to honeybees as potential prey. Toads feeding around beehives travelled shorter distances per night, and hence used different microhabitats, than did toads from nearby control sites without beehives. The toads consumed live bees from the hive entrance (rather than dead bees from the ground), often climbing on top of one another to gain access to the hive entrance. Prey manipulation trials confirm that bee movement is the critical stimulus that elicits the toads’ feeding response; and in standardized trials, native frogs consumed bees less frequently than did toads. In summary, cane toads flexibly modify their movements, foraging behaviour and dietary composition to exploit the nutritional opportunities created by commercial beehives, whereas native anurans do not.
Axonal swellings and spheroids: a new insight into the pathology of neurocysticercosis
Authors: Mejia Maza Alan , Carmen‐Orozco Rogger P. , Carter Emma C , Dávila‐Villacorta Danitza G. , Castillo Gino , Morales Jemina D. , Mamani Javier , Gavídia Cesar M , Alroy Joseph , Sterling Charles R. , Gonzalez Armando E. , García Héctor H. , Woltjer Randy L. , Verástegui Manuela R. , Gilman Robert H. ,   for the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeurocysticercosis is a parasitic brain disease caused by the larval form (Cysticercus cellulosae) of Taenia solium and is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy worldwide. However, the pathophysiology and relation to the wide range of clinical features remains poorly understood. Axonal swelling is emerging as an important early pathological finding in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and as a cause of brain injury, but has not been well described in neurocysticercosis. Histological analysis was performed on human, rat and porcine NCC brain specimens to identify axonal pathology. Rat infection was successfully carried out via two routes of inoculation: direct intracranial injection and oral feeding. Extensive axonal swellings, in the form of spheroids, were observed in both humans and rats and to a lesser extent in pigs with NCC. Spheroids demonstrated increased immunoreactivity to amyloid precursor protein and neurofilament indicating probable impairment of axonal transport. These novel findings demonstrate that spheroids are present in NCC which is conserved across species. Not only is this an important contribution toward understanding the pathogenesis of NCC, but it also provides a model to analyze the association of spheroids with specific clinical features and to investigate the reversibility of spheroid formation with antihelminthic treatment.
N‐pyridin‐2‐yl benzamide analogues as allosteric activators of glucokinase: Design, synthesis, in vitro, in silico and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Grewal Ajmer Singh , Kharb Rajeev , Prasad Deo Nandan , Dua Jagdeep Singh , Lather Viney 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlucokinase (GK) is the key enzyme controlling levels of blood glucose under normal physiological range, and GK activators are emerging class of drug candidates with promising hypoglycaemic activity. The current study was planned to design, synthesize and evaluate novel N‐pyridin‐2‐yl benzamide analogues as allosteric activators of GK. A novel series of N‐pyridin‐2‐yl benzamide analogues were synthesized starting from 3‐nitrobenzoic acid and evaluated in vitro for GK activation followed by in silico studies to predict the binding interactions of the designed molecules with GK protein. The selected synthesized molecules (compounds 5b, 5c, 5e, 5g, 5h and 6d) which displayed excellent GK activity (GK fold activation around 2) in GK assay and appreciable binding interaction with GK in docking studies were further evaluated for their antihyperglycaemic potential using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in rats. Amongst the compounds tested in vivo (OGTT assay) for antihyperglycaemic potential, compounds 5c, 5e and 5g displayed significant reduction in blood glucose levels. Compound 5e displayed most significant antidiabetic activity and comparable to that of standard drug in animal studies. The N‐pyridin‐2‐yl benzamide analogues discovered in the current study can provide some lead molecules for the development of potent oral GK activators with minimum side‐effects for the management of type 2 diabetes.
A predominant Th1 polarization is present in synovial fluid of end-stage osteoarthritic knee joints: analysis of peripheral blood, synovial fluid and synovial membrane
Authors: Rosshirt N , Hagmann S , Tripel E , Gotterbarm T , Kirsch J , Zeifang F , Lorenz H-M , Tretter T , Moradi B 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Thorough understanding of the complex pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) is necessary in order to open new avenues for treatment. The aim of this study was to characterize the CD4+ T cell population and evaluate their activation and polarization status in OA joints. Fifty-five patients with end-stage knee OA (Kellgren–Lawrence grades III–IV) who underwent surgery for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were enrolled into this study. Matched samples of synovial membrane (SM), synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood (PB) were analysed for CD3+CD4+CD8– T cell subsets [T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, regulatory T cells] and activation status (CD25, CD69, CD45RO, CD45RA, CD62L) by flow cytometry. Subset-specific cytokines were analysed by cytometric bead array (CBA). SM and SF samples showed a distinct infiltration pattern of CD4+ T cells. In comparison to PB, a higher amount of joint-derived T cells was polarized into CD3+CD4+CD8– T cell subsets, with the most significant increase for proinflammatory Th1 cells in SF. CBA analysis revealed significantly increased immunomodulating cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10] in SF compared to PB. Whereas in PB only a small proportion of CD4+ T cells were activated, the majority of joint-derived CD4+ T cells can be characterized as activated effector memory cells (CD69+CD45RO+CD62L–). End-stage OA knees are characterized by an increased CD4+ T cell polarization towards activated Th1 cells and cytokine secretion compared to PB. This local inflammation may contribute to disease aggravation and eventually perpetuate the disease process.
Real‐Time Facial Expression Transformation for Monocular RGB Video
Authors: Ma L. , Deng Z. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper describes a novel real‐time end‐to‐end system for facial expression transformation, without the need of any driving source. Its core idea is to directly generate desired and photo‐realistic facial expressions on top of input monocular RGB video. Specifically, an unpaired learning framework is developed to learn the mapping between any two facial expressions in the facial blendshape space. Then, it automatically transforms the source expression in an input video clip to a specified target expression through the combination of automated 3D face construction, the learned bi‐directional expression mapping and automated lip correction. It can be applied to new users without additional training. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through many experiments on faces from live and online video, with different identities, ages, speeches and expressions.
Contact sensitization to hydroperoxides of limonene and linalool: Results of consecutive patch testing and clinical relevance
Authors: Dittmar Daan , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundHydroperoxides of limonene and linalool are potent sensitizers.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to both hydroperoxides of limonene and hydroperoxides of linalool, to report clinical relevance, and to investigate patient demographics.MethodsA total of 821 patients (35.6% male, mean age 42.4 years ± 17.8 years) were consecutively patch tested with our departmental baseline series and our fragrance series, including hydroperoxides of limonene 0.3% pet. and hydroperoxides of linalool 1.0% pet. The clinical relevance was assessed for all positive reactions.ResultsPositive patch test reactions to hydroperoxides of limonene and to hydroperoxides of linalool were observed in 77 patients (9.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.4%‐11.4%) and in 96 patients (11.7%, 95%CI: 9.5%‐13.9%), respectively; 38 of these patients (4.6%, 95%CI: 3.2%‐6.0%) reacted to both. Most reactions were considered to be possibly or probably clinically relevant (66.3% and 68.8%, respectively), and a small proportion were deemed to be of certain clinical relevance (18.2% and 19.8%, respectively).ConclusionAs compared with previous studies, high numbers of positive reactions to both hydroperoxides of limonene and hydroperoxides of linalool were observed, the majority of which were clinically relevant, supporting their inclusion in the European baseline series.
Newborn Metabolic Profile Associated with Hyperbilirubinemia With and Without Kernicterus
Authors: McCarthy Molly E. , Oltman Scott P. , Baer Rebecca J. , Ryckman Kelli K. , Rogers Elizabeth E. , Steurer‐Muller Martina A. , Witte John S. , Jelliffe‐Pawlowski Laura L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOur objective was to assess the relationship between hyperbilirubinemia with and without kernicterus and metabolic profile at newborn screening. Included were 1,693,658 infants divided into a training or testing subset in a ratio of 3:1. Forty‐two metabolites were analyzed using logistic regression (odds ratios (ORs), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 95% confidence intervals (CIs)). Several metabolite patterns remained consistent across gestational age groups for hyperbilirubinemia without kernicterus. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and C‐18:2 were decreased, whereas tyrosine and C‐3 were increased in infants across groupings. Increased C‐3 was also observed for kernicterus (OR: 3.17; 95% CI: 1.18–8.53). Thirty‐one metabolites were associated with hyperbilirubinemia without kernicterus in the training set. Phenylalanine (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.85–1.97), ornithine (OR: 0.76; 95% 0.74–0.77), and isoleucine + leucine (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.61–0.65) were the most strongly associated. This study showed that newborn metabolic function is associated with hyperbilirubinemia with and without kernicterus.
The definition of the museum through its social role
Authors: Brown Karen , Mairesse François 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor the seventh time in its history the ICOMDefinition of a Museum is under discussion, with a view to possible revision to be agreed at the General Conference in Kyoto in September 2019. As part of this process,ICOFOMinitiated an academic debate on the Definition, welcoming museologists, museum professionals and policy makers to a suite of symposia held around the world in 2017. In this article, we consider the results of symposia held in France, Argentina, Brazil, and Scotland in the light of the changing social role of museums, and reveal how the museum has come to perceive itself differently in relation to museum values, participation and social inclusion in Europe and Latin America.
What Do North American Babies Hear? A large‐scale cross‐corpus analysis
Authors: Bergelson Elika , Casillas Marisa , Soderstrom Melanie , Seidl Amanda , Warlaumont Anne S. , Amatuni Andrei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA range of demographic variables influences how much speech young children hear. However, because studies have used vastly different sampling methods, quantitative comparison of interlocking demographic effects has been nearly impossible, across or within studies. We harnessed a unique collection of existing naturalistic, day‐long recordings from 61 homes across four North American cities to examine language input as a function of age, gender, and maternal education. We analyzed adult speech heard by 3‐ to 20‐month‐olds who wore audio recorders for an entire day. We annotated speaker gender and speech register (child‐directed or adult‐directed) for 10,861 utterances from female and male adults in these recordings. Examining age, gender, and maternal education collectively in this ecologically valid dataset, we find several key results. First, the speaker gender imbalance in the input is striking: children heard 2–3× more speech from females than males. Second, children in higher‐maternal education homes heardmorechild‐directed speech than those in lower‐maternal education homes. Finally, our analyses revealed a previously unreported effect: the proportion of child‐directed speech in the input increases with age, due to adecreasein adult‐directed speech with age. This large‐scale analysis is an important step forward in collectively examining demographic variables that influence early development, made possible by pooled, comparable, day‐long recordings of children's language environments. The audio recordings, annotations, and annotation software are readily available for reuse and reanalysis by other researchers.
Management of pain in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Ostojic Katarina , Paget Simon P , Morrow Angela M 
Published: October 2018

AimTo determine the efficacy of interventions for the management of pain in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodElectronic databases were searched from the earliest date possible to April 2018 using a mixture of subject headings and free text. Inclusion criteria comprised of studies with (1) diagnosis of CP, (2) under the age of 18 years, (3) intervention for the management of pain, (4) outcome measure of pain, and (5) studies published in English‐language peer‐reviewed journals.ResultsFifty‐seven studies met the eligibility criteria. Pain related to (n=number of studies): hypertonia (n=17), spastic hip disease (n=13), procedures for the management of CP (n=7), postoperative (n=18), and other (n=2). Most of the studies were of level III to level V evidence.InterpretationThere is level II evidence to support intrathecal baclofen therapy for pain secondary to hypertonia in spastic and spastic‐dyskinetic CP, and non‐pharmacological interventions for procedural pain and pharmacological interventions for postoperative pain. Most studies were restricted by retrospective design and limited use of validated outcome measures. Future research is needed to explore multidisciplinary interventions for chronic pain and pain secondary to dystonia. Clinicians and researchers would benefit from a standardized approach to pain assessment.What this paper adds

The strongest evidence exists for pharmacological treatments for postoperative pain in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).

There is moderate evidence for the efficacy of intrathecal baclofen for pain related to hypertonia in predominately spastic CP.

There is a lack of standardization in the assessment of pain.

There is limited evidence for multimodal and non‐pharmacological strategies in paediatric CP.
Asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes: incidence and risk factors
Authors: Henriksen M. M. , Andersen H. U. , Thorsteinsson B. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard U. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe epidemiology of asymptomatic (silent) hypoglycaemia is not well‐described. We investigated incidence and risk factors for asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes.MethodsA cohort of 153 people with Type 1 diabetes participated in 6 days of blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and recording of hypoglycaemia symptoms. At entry, hypoglycaemia awareness was classified (by three different methods) and HbA1c and C‐peptide were measured. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as interstitial glucose ≤ 3.9 mmol/l (IG3.9) or ≤ 3.0 mmol/l (IG3.0) for ≥ 15 min, and were considered asymptomatic if no hypoglycaemic symptoms were reported.ResultsAt thresholds IG3.9 and IG3.0, the incidence rates of hypoglycaemic episodes were 5.0 (7.9) [median (IQR)] and 1.3 (3.4) episodes/person‐week, respectively. Three‐quarters of episodes were asymptomatic. In total, 77% and 52% of participants experienced one or more episode of asymptomatic hypoglycaemia at IG3.9 and IG3.0 [3.0 (6.2) and 1.0 (2.3) asymptomatic episodes/person‐week]. At multivariate analysis, reduced awareness was positively associated with asymptomatic hypoglycaemia, particularly nocturnal events, and negatively with symptomatic hypoglycaemia. High insulin dose was associated with increased risk of both asymptomatic and symptomatic hypoglycaemia, whereas low HbA1c and long diabetes duration were risk factors only for symptomatic hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsAsymptomatic hypoglycaemia constitutes the majority of hypoglycaemic events in Type 1 diabetes. Reduced hypoglycaemia awareness and high insulin dose are risk factors for asymptomatic hypoglycaemia but other conventional risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia do not correlate with risk of asymptomatic episodes.