bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrofishing in streams of low water conductivity but high biodiversity value: Challenges, limits and perspectives
Authors: Pottier Gaetan , Beaumont William R. , Marchand Frédéric , Le Bail Pierre‐Yves , Azam Didier , Rives Jacques , Vigouroux Régis , Roussel Jean‐Marc 
Published: September 2019

AbstractElectrofishing in streams of low water conductivity has technical limitations leading to the widespread use of poison fishing. In theory, provided a high enough voltage gradient can be created in water, electrofishing should be possible in all but the lowest of conductivities (<10 µS/cm). Using custom‐made equipment delivering up to 1,500 V DC, tests were carried out in French Guiana on 27 streams with water conductivity as low as 16 µS/cm. Approximately 5,800 fish of 93 species were captured, with an electrofishing mortality rate of 1.83%. Poison treatments were used within enclosed sections to assess how efficient multiple pass electrofishing removal is when assessing species richness and population number. The Chao II estimator on 2 electrofishing passes gave the best results for species richness, but rare species can elude electrofishing. Estimates of total fish abundance (i.e. all species pooled) were possible with the use of depletion models. Capture efficiencies by species were highly biased, however, and abundance could be underestimated for the most difficult species to catch. These results show that with the right equipment and settings, electrofishing can be an efficient alternative to poison fishing surveys in small tropical streams of low water conductivity but high biodiversity value.
Homogenization of freshwater lakes: Recent compositional shifts in fish communities are explained by gamefish movement and not climate change
Authors: Cazelles Kevin , Bartley Timothy , Guzzo Matthew M. , Brice Marie‐Hélène , MacDougall Andrew S. , Bennett Joseph R. , Esch Ellen H. , Kadoya Taku , Kelly Jocelyn , Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro , Nilsson Karin A. , McCann Kevin S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlobally, lake fish communities are being subjected to a range of scale‐dependent anthropogenic pressures, from climate change to eutrophication, and from overexploitation to species introductions. As a consequence, the composition of these communities is being reshuffled, in most cases leading to a surge in taxonomic similarity at the regional scale termed homogenization. The drivers of homogenization remain unclear, which may be a reflection of interactions between various environmental changes. In this study, we investigate two potential drivers of the recent changes in the composition of freshwater fish communities: recreational fishing and climate change. Our results, derived from 524 lakes of Ontario, Canada sampled in two periods (1965–1982 and 2008–2012), demonstrate that the main contributors to homogenization are the dispersal of gamefish species, most of which are large predators. Alternative explanations relating to lake habitat (e.g., area, phosphorus) or variations in climate have limited explanatory power. Our analysis suggests that human‐assisted migration is the primary driver of the observed compositional shifts, homogenizing freshwater fish community among Ontario lakes and generating food webs dominated by gamefish species.
On the uniform distribution and optimal consumption of stretch film used for wrapping cylindrical baled silage
Authors: Stankiewicz Anna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this article was to mathematically formulate the problem of the uniform coverage of round baled silage, solve this problem and propose a design approach. A mathematical model which describes the distribution and consumption of stretch film used for bale wrapping is derived. The model aims at capturing more features of a realistic description of the wrapping process than existing mathematical models, so as to provide a deeper insight into the issues concerning bale coverage and film consumption. Bale and film dimensions, mechanical properties of the stretch film described by the Poisson ratio and unit deformation, the overlap between adjacent film strips and the pre‐assumed number of basic film layers are taken into account. It is proved that the complete set of the overlap ratios guaranteeing uniform film distribution is composed of irreducible fractions in which dividend is the divisor minus one. For the bale wrapping technique, only the first four equal to are significant. However, the essence of this study is the uniform film distribution, but optimization and robustness issues are also discussed. Simple mathematical rules are derived to calculate the optimal overlap ratios which minimize film usage. The parallelism between the uniform film distribution and minimal film usage is demonstrated, but it is also proved that these requirements are not equivalent. Robustness on the wrapping process disturbances is examined, and two algorithms for robustly optimal overlap ratio design are developed. The main developments are illustrated by examples, figures and supporting discussions.
Special issue introduction: maritime networks and transnational spaces
Authors: FEATHERSTONE DAVID 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article introduces the key contributions of the special issue on ‘Maritime networks and transnational spaces’. It draws attention to three key thematics that the papers develop. These are a set of engagements between law, space and maritime networks; a set of questions around maritime spaces, subaltern histories and transnational networks and finally a set of concerns around the forms of ‘geopolitical literacy’ articulated by maritime actors (Troutman 2005). Through drawing together these interlocking problematics the articles contribute to a broad agenda highlighting the productive intersection of work on maritime networks and transnational spaces. The introduction sets out some of the ways in which engagements with maritime contexts and scholarship can offer new perspectives on the transnational spatialities of politics, resistance and regulation.
The frequency of circulating integrin α4β7+ cells correlates with protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in immunized mice
Authors: Akter Sarmin , Jeverstam Frida , Lundgren Anna , Magnusson Maria K. , Walduck Anna , Qadri Firdausi , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Raghavan Sukanya 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic Helicobacter pylori infection is the cause of peptic ulcers in a subpopulation of individuals and a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. A vaccine against H pylori infection can prevent the acquisition of the infection and protect against reinfections. Clinical trials to date evaluating the efficacy of H pylori vaccines in human challenge models have shown moderate to poor protection with difficulties in predicting efficacy. Thus, while further studies are needed to design an effective vaccine, we also need to find relevant correlates for vaccine efficacy.ObjectiveTo find immune correlates to vaccine efficacy, the frequencies of neutrophils, eosinophils and inflammatory monocytes and CD4+ T‐cell memory and mucosa homing integrin α4β7+ cells were assessed by flow cytometry in the blood of mice after vaccination.Materials and MethodsH pylori antigens and cholera toxin or the multiple mutant CT (mmCT) were administered via the sublingual (SL) and intragastric route (IG). The vaccinated mice were infected with H pylori strain SS1 bacteria, and colonization in the stomach and immune responses were evaluated.ResultsThe H pylori vaccine was effective in reducing bacterial load in the stomach of mice and enhancing immune responses compared to unvaccinated infection controls. In the blood of mice after SL or IG route of vaccination, we observed changes in frequencies of innate and adaptive immune cell subsets compared to infection controls. Remarkably, the frequency of circulating mucosal homing α4β7+CD4+ T cells after vaccination correlated with low bacterial load in the stomach of individual mice irrespective of the immunization route.ConclusionsOur study shows that the innate and adaptive immune cell subsets can be measured in the blood after vaccination and that increased frequency of α4β7+CD4+ in the blood after immunization could be used as a predictive marker for the efficacy of vaccine against H pylori infection.
Twice‐a‐day PPI, tetracycline, metronidazole quadruple therapy with Pylera® or Lactobacillus reuteri for treatment naïve or for retreatment of Helicobacter pylori. Two randomized pilot studies
Authors: Dore Maria Pina , Bibbò Stefano , Loria Mariafrancesca , Salis Roberta , Manca Alessandra , Pes Giovanni Mario , Graham David Yates 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundBismuth is no longer available in Europe except as part of combination therapy. Lactobacillus reuteri has also been used as an adjuvant for Helicobacter pylori therapy. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of a b.i.d. quadruple therapy containing Pylera® or L reuteri for H pylori infection.Materials and MethodsWe performed two open‐label randomized pilot studies. Adult patients positive for H pylori were randomly assigned to b.i.d therapy with quadruple therapy containing bismuth (2 capsules of Pylera® plus 250 mg each of tetracycline and metronidazole for a total of 500 mg of each), or the same dose of antibiotics plus 2 × 108 CFU L reuteri DSM 17 938 plus 2 × 108 CFU L reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 (Gastrus®) once daily and pantoprazole 20 mg b.i.d. Regimens were given with meals for 10 days. Cure was defined by negative 13C‐UBT or stool antigen test.ResultsA total of 99 subjects (29% men) were enrolled; 92 completed the study. In the Pylera® group, H pylori infection was cured in 95.7%; 95% CI = 85%‐99% (44/46) PP and 88%; 95% CI = 75%‐95% (44/50) ITT vs. 84.8%; 95% CI = 71%‐95% (39/46) PP and 79.6%; 95% CI = 65%‐89% (39/49) ITT in the Gastrus® group, respectively. Cure rates in naїve patients were 100%; 95% CI = 85%‐100% (25/25) PP with Pylera®, and 89.7%; 95% CI = 72%‐97% (26/29) with Gastrus®. Compliance was excellent and side effects mild with both regimens.ConclusionsB.i.d. bismuth quadruple therapy was highly effective for H pylori eradication in treatment of naïve patients in Sardinia. Replacement of bismuth with Gastrus® might be considered when bismuth is contraindicated or unavailable.
Development of magnesium‐aluminum‐silicate glass‐ceramics nucleated with Nb2O5
Authors: Benitez Tobias , Veber Alexander , Pagnan Furlan Kaline , Barros Rebouças Lara , de Ligny Dominique , Hotza Dachamir , Novaes de Oliveira Antonio Pedro , Travitzky Nahum 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe influence of nucleating agents and heat‐treatments on magnesium‐aluminum‐silicate (MAS) glass‐ceramics was studied. MAS precursor glasses were melted in oxidant (air) and reducing atmospheres. Nb2O5, MoO3and TiO2+ZrO2were added as nucleating agents at the same molar proportion (1.0%). MAS glass‐ceramics nucleated with Nb2O5are strike face candidates for security windows when relevant outputs are taken into account, such as transparency, crack resistance, hardness and feasibility. Nb2O5‐doped MAS can achieve up to 20% crystalline volume fraction, while keeping the visible transparency close to 70%. Knoop hardness was raised up to 7.4 GPa in comparison to precursor glass (6.2 GPa), considering the indentation size effect. The crack resistance reached 4 N.
Social protection systems and the future of work: Ensuring social security for digital platform workers
Authors: Behrendt Christina , Nguyen Quynh Anh , Rani Uma 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDigitalization is transforming societies and economies worldwide at an unprecedented scale and pace. In the wake of automation and digitalization, new forms of employment have been emerging in various occupations and sectors, such as the digital platform economy. The emergence of new forms of employment, such as work on digital platforms, requires that existing social protection systems adapt to the specific situation and needs of such workers, as to realize the human right to social security for all. Current social protection coverage for workers on digital crowdwork platforms reveals significant gaps in social security coverage. Where such coverage exists, it is often provided through the workers’ previous or additional jobs, or indirectly through their spouses or other family members. This raises questions about digital platforms free riding on the traditional economy with regard to the financing of social security. How can social protection systems adapt to changing forms of work to ensure full and effective coverage for workers in all forms of employment, including those in “new” forms of employment? How can workers in all types of employment, including those on digital platforms, be protected in an adequate and comprehensive way, combining contributory and non‐contributory mechanisms and based on equitable and sustainable financing mechanisms, so as to ensure adequate social protection to all?
The regulatory challenge of occupational safety and health in the online platform economy
Authors: Garben Sacha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe online platform economy raises a range of intricate legal questions connected to labour law and social security protection. In particular, the atypical forms of labour relationships used by many online platforms (e.g. multilateral, hyper‐temporary, off‐site, autonomous), often contractually defined as independent contracting, have challenged the application of labour and occupational health and safety law in many countries across the world, as the application of these norms tends to be dependent on the existence of an “employment relationship”. These developments are compounding the general increase in atypical employment, especially as a result of the 2007–08 financial and economic crisis. It has mostly fallen to courts to resolve the disputes between online platforms and their online platform workers, but some European Union (EU) Member States (such as France) have taken specific legal measures in response to these difficulties. Also, the EU‐level as such is becoming increasingly involved, with the Court of Justice’s ruling in the case of Uber providing some guidance on the “employment question”, and a pending legislative initiative on a Directive for Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions which may provide minimum labour protection for online platform workers in the EU. This article analyzes the problem of labour law in the online platform economy and surveys the various responses by courts and policy‐makers across the EU, which may furthermore set the tone for developments outside the EU in this area.
Ten‐year trends in catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia vs other interventional procedures in Australia
Authors: Anderson Robert D. , Lee Geoffrey , Prabhu Mukund , Patrick Cameron J. , Trivic Ivana , Campbell Timothy , Chow Clara K. , Kalman Jonathan M. , Kumar Saurabh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsMajor technological and procedural advancements have reinvigorated catheter ablation as adjunctive therapy for drug‐refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). We examined temporal trends in VT ablations as compared to other interventional cardiovascular procedures namely, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation in Australia.Methods and ResultsA retrospective review of procedural numbers for VT ablations, AF ablations, and PCI was performed from 2008/09‐2016/17 the Australian Institute of Health, Welfare and Aging (AIHW), and Medicare Australia (MA) databases. Linear regression models were fitted to compare the trends in population‐adjusted procedural numbers over the 10‐year period. Data from the AIHW and MA sources respectively showed that (a) PCI had a 1.3% (AIHW data P = .15) and 1.8% (MA data P < .001) population‐adjusted increment per year, (b) AF ablations had a 12.7% (P < .001) and 11.7% (P < .001) per year population‐adjusted increment, and (c) VT ablations showed an 18% (P < .001) and 12.7% (P < .001) per year population‐adjusted increment. Growth of PCI was increasing at a lower rate than AF ablations (P < .001 for both AIHW and MA sources). Growth of VT ablation was significantly higher than AF ablations and PCI (AIHW: 18% vs 12.7% [P = .004] and 1.3% per year [P < .001]).ConclusionCatheter‐based VT ablation has increased significantly in Australia over the last decade, consistent with worldwide trends, and now surpassing all ablation procedures, including AF ablation and PCI for CAD. This data highlight the provision of additional resources to match the increasing demand for VT ablation procedures in Australia.
Persistent atrial fibrillation; It is time to regroup
Authors: Keramati Ali R. , Calkins Hugh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the only proven ablation strategy for paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, when AF recurs despite durable PVI in a subgroup of patients with persistent AF, there is no scientifically proven ablation strategy to pursue. Here, we summarized how we approach persistent AF at Johns Hopkins Hospital.
A texting‐based blood pressure surveillance intervention
Authors: Zahr Roula S. , Anthony Chris A. , Polgreen Philip M. , Simmering Jacob E. , Goerdt Christopher J. , Hoth Angela B. , Miller Michelle L. , Suneja Manish , Segre Alberto M. , Carter Barry L. , Cavanaugh Joseph E. , Polgreen Linnea A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe authors examined whether using home BP measurements collected via a custom‐built bi‐directional‐texting platform incorporated into patients’ electronic medical records would lead to treatment calibration and improved BP management. Patients were randomized to either the intervention group and collected home measurements based on reminders and reported via bi‐directional texting, or to the control group, with home BP measurement reporting via standard practice (eg, phone, electronic medical record portal) and instructed to return 7 morning and 7 evening BP measurements. Outcomes included number of BP measurements submitted, the number of medication changes, reduction in BP, and BP control. 72% of the intervention group submitted at least 14 readings, compared with 45% of the control group. BP control improved in both groups. However, the authors found no statistically significant difference in BP or the number of BP‐medication changes at 1, 3, or 6 months compared with the control group.
An agency model of consent and the standards of disclosure in health care: Knowing‐how to reach respectful shared decisions among real persons
Authors: Azevedo Marco Antonio , Dall'Agnol Darlei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn this article, we evaluate and compare the frailties of two different standards of disclosure of information regarding the risks of medical procedures applied in recent judicial decisions in the United Kingdom. As an alternative, we present the tenets and philosophical grounds of an agency model of consent and a person‐based standard of disclosure.MethodsCritical philosophical analysis of the background assumptions of two standards of disclosure and their relative “tests of negligence” applied in recent legal judgements in the United Kingdom.ResultsBoth standards, the “Professional Practice Standard” (the traditional standard employed in Sidaway versus Board of Governors of the Bethlem Royal Hospital, 1985) and the allegedly new “Reasonable Person Standard” (mentioned in Montgomery versus Lanarkshire Health Board, 2015), can lead to malpractice if the medical‐patient relationship is not guided by attitudes of respectful care. The traditional standard is disrespectful as it does not take patients as full agents, presupposing that the patient's right is only a negative right to refuse what was deliberated only by the practitioner. The “new” standard can be disrespectful if the practitioner, concerned only with what a hypothetical reasonable individual would take as relevant for choosing between alternatives of treatment, does not know how to respect their real patient in a genuine shared decision‐making process.ConclusionWe conclude that in order to know how to obtain valid informed consent, doctors need to engage in real conversations with their patients, revealing as much information as they, taken as real persons, need to be part of a genuine shared and respectful decision‐making process.
Effect of particle size on compositional, structural, rheological, and thermal properties of shallot flour as a source of thickening agent
Authors: Khushbu S. , Sunil Chikkaballpur Krishnappa , Chidanand Duggonahalli Veeresh , Jaganmohan Rangarajan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInfluence of three particle size (<180, 180, and 250
μm) of shallot flour on compositional, structural, rheological, and thermal properties were studied. Carbohydrate, starch, fiber, amylose, amylopectin, color, and other functional properties showed the indirect effect with an increase in particle size and were found to be higher in lowest particle size, whereas, protein, bulk, true density were lower and ash, fat, moisture, aw, was unaffected by particle size. Rheological properties at concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% [w/w]), temperature (20, 30, 40, 60, and 80°C) and pH (4, 7, and 10) revealed Non‐Newtonian, shear thinning behavior of all samples with flow behavior index (n) <1 and coefficient of determination (R2) >0.90, using power law model. Examined pasting property showed higher viscosity values, holding strength and lower peak time and temperature for sample with lower particle size. Thermal parameters (T
o, T
p, and T
c) and change of enthalpy (
ΔH) values increased with increase in particle size.Practical applicationA comprehensive study of rheological, thermal, and structural properties concludes application of shallot flour as a thickener in various food products. The particle size of shallot flour (<180
μm) was found to be most suitable for their application as a thickener, evident from proximate, physiochemical, functional, rheological, pasting, and thermal parameters. SEM results also reveal the application of shallot flour (<180
μm) as a thickener. Shallot flour can not only improve the texture of the food products as natural thickener but can also enhance the flavor profile.