bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceleration (Deceleration) Model Supporting Time Delays to Refresh Data
Authors: Carrillo González José Gerardo , Arámburo Lizárraga Jesús , Barbosa Santillán Liliana Ibeth 
Published: April 2018

This paper proposes a mathematical model to regulate the acceleration (deceleration) applied by self-driving vehicles in car-following situations. A virtual environment is designed to test the model in different circumstances: (1) the followers decelerate in time if the leader decelerates, considering a time delay of up to 5 s to refresh data (vehicles position coordinates) required by the model, (2) with the intention of optimizing space, the vehicles are grouped in platoons, where 3 s of time delay (to update data) is supported if the vehicles have a centre-to-centre spacing of 20 m and a time delay of 1 s is supported at a spacing of 6 m (considering a maximum speed of 20 m/s in both cases), and (3) an algorithm is presented to manage the vehicles’ priority at a traffic intersection, where the model regulates the vehicles’ acceleration (deceleration) and a balance in the number of vehicles passing from each side is achieved.
Real Time Short-term Forecasting Method of Remaining Parking Space in Urban Parking Guidance Systems
Authors: Zhu Xiaobo , Guo Jianhua , Huang Wei , Yu Fengquan , Park Byungkyu Brian 
Published: April 2018

Short-term forecasting of the remaining parking space is important for urban parking guidance systems (PGS). The previous methods like polynomial equations and neural network methods are difficult to be applied in practice because of low accuracy or lengthy initial training time which is unfavourable if real-time training is carried out on adapting to changing traffic conditions. To forecast the remaining parking space in real-time with higher accuracy and improve the performances of PGS, this study develops an online forecasting model based on a time series method. By analysing the characteristics of data collected in Nanjing, China, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model has been established and a real-time forecasting procedure developed. The performance of this proposed model has been further analysed and compared with the performances of a neural network method and the Markov chain method. The results indicate that the mean error of the proposed model is about 2 vehicles per 15 minutes, which can meet the requirements for general PGS. Furthermore, this method outperforms the neural network model and the Markov chain method both in individual and collective error analysis. In summary, the proposed online forecasting method appears to be promising for forecasting the remaining parking space in supporting the PGS.
Glykolester, Glykolether – Methode zur Bestimmung von 1‐Ethoxy‐2‐propanol, 1‐Ethoxy‐2‐propylacetat, Diethylenglykolmonomethylether, Diethylenglykolmonoethylether und Diethylenglykolmonobutylether in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz mittels Gaschromatographie [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2018]
Authors: Giesen Y. , Friedrich C. , Breuer D. , Fauss J. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination and limit value monitoring of 1‐ethoxy‐2‐propanol, 1‐ethoxy‐2‐propyl acetate, 2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethanol, 2‐(2‐ethoxyethoxy)ethanol and 2‐(2‐butoxyethoxy)ethanol in workplace air. With this method simultaneously airborne glycols in the gaseous state as well as particles are collected. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through the sampling system GGP‐Mini consisting of a glass fibre filter and a charcoal tube connected downstream using a suitable flow‐regulated pump. The flow rate is set to 0.33 L/min with a recommended air sample volume of 40 L. The collected glycols are desorbed with a mixture of dichloromethane/methanol containing 1‐hexanol as internal standard and then analysed by means of gas chromatography using FID. The quantitative evaluation is based on calibration functions obtained by means of multiple‐point calibrations. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for the individual glycol esters or glycol ethers is 0.5 mg/m3based on an air sample volume of 40 L.
Tri‐n‐butylphosphat [BAT Value Documentation in German language, 2018]
Authors: Ochsmann E. , Weistenhöfer W. , Klotz K. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated tri‐n‐butyl phosphate [CAS No.
126‐73‐8
] in 2016 and derived a biological reference value (“Biologischer Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwert”, BAR) for dibutyl phosphate in urine. Available publications are described in detail.

In a study with persons of the general population occupationally not exposed to tri‐n‐butyl phosphate a 95
th
percentile of 0.67 µg dibutyl phosphate/l urine was measured. Further studies with not exposed people resulted in maximum levels of 0.45 µg and 0.26 µg dibutyl phosphate/l urine.

Taking these results together with other investigations into consideration, a BAR for tri‐n‐butyl phosphate of 0.5 µg dibutyl phosphate/l urine was established. Sampling time is at the end of exposure or the end of the working shift.
Triethanolamin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of triethanolamine [
102‐71‐6
].

Critical effect is the inflammation of the larynx observed in a 28‐day study in rats with a BMDL
05
of 14 mg/m
3
. An analysis of the studies with monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and 7 other studies with substances that cause inflammation of the larynx shows that the NOAEC in subchronic or chronic studies is lower than in subacute studies. Therefore, for a chronic exposure to triethanolamine at the workplace a decrease of the NOAEC cannot be excluded and the MAK value is lowered to 1 mg/m
3
for the inhalable fraction.

Triethanolamine remains assigned to Peak Limitation Category I for locally acting substances. An excursion factor of 1 is set by analogy with the other ethanolamines.
Diethylamine [MAK Value Documentation, 2016]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of diethylamine of 5 ml/m
3
, considering all toxicity endpoints. Available unpublished study reports and publications are described in detail. The critical effect of diethylamine is atrophy of the olfactory mucosa in rats and mice in a 2‐year study. Since 2014 the Commission uses an empirical approach to set MAK values for substances with critical effects on the upper respiratory tract or the eyes. In the 2‐year study no NOAEC for atrophy of the olfactory mucosa was obtained. A Benchmark concentration of 4 ml/m
3
(BMDL05) as a substitute for a NOAEC is calculated from the data of the mouse, the most sensitive species. Therefore, the MAK value for diethylamine is lowered to 2 ml/m
3
. The chronic NOAEC for systemic toxicity is judged to be 16 ml/m
3
. As local effects are critical, the assignment to Peak Limitation Category I is confirmed. The excursion factor of 2 is set with a read‐across to cyclohexylamine. The momentary value is lowered to 5 ml/m
3
. Because there are no studies on developmental toxicity, the assignment to Pregnancy Risk Group D is confirmed as well. Diethylamine is not genotoxic and not carcinogenic. Skin contact may contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and diethylamine is designated with an “H” notation. Sensitization is not expected from the limited data.
Trimethylamin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated a momentary value for trimethylamine [
75‐50‐3
].

Critical effect is the irritation of the respiratory epithelia in the nose of rats and a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of 2 ml/m
3
has been set. This value was established by analogy with cyclohexylamine. In addition to the MAK value, a momentary value of 5 ml/m
3
for cyclohexylamine has been established which must not be exceeded at any time to prevent from local irritation. Therefore, a momentary value of 5 ml/m
3
is also set for N,N‐trimethylamine.
Zitronensäure und ihre Alkalisalze [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated citric acid [77‐92‐9] and its alkali metal salts, considering all toxicological endpoints.The critical effect of citric acid is the irritation of the respiratory tract with an acute LOAEC of 225 mg/m3in humans and 81 mg/m3in guinea pigs. At this concentration coughing is induced due to the lowering of the pH value. The NOAEC in guinea pigs is 31 mg/m3, the corresponding NOAEC in humans is not known. Studies with repeated inhalation are not available. Therefore, the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) has been set by analogy with the MAK value for phosphoric acid of 2 mg/m3as inhalable fraction. Since a local effect is critical, Peak Limitation Category I is designated. The excursion factor of 2 is set by analogy with phosphoric acid.The alkali metal salts of citric acid are not irritating, which precludes setting the same MAK value for the salts as for citric acid. However, a higher MAK value cannot be established because the systemic NOAEL is unclear. Therefore, no MAK value can be set for the alkali metal salts of citric acid.The oral NOAEL for developmental toxicity in rats, mice, rabbits and hamsters is higher than 200 mg citric acid/kg body weight, which after toxicokinetic scaling corresponds to more than 200 mg/m3at the workplace. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is observed and citric acid is assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C.Citric acid does not possess a relevant genotoxic potential in vivo. The same is assumed for its alkali metal salts. There are no valid carcinogenicity studies with citric acid. A tumour promoting effect of sodium citrate but not citric acid in the rat urinary bladder is due to excessively high sodium concentration in the urine and is therefore not relevant for humans at the workplace.According to skin absorption models, percutaneous absorption of citric acid does not contribute significantly to systemic toxicity. The same is assumed for its alkali metal salts. Citric acid and its alkali metal salts are not sensitizing to skin or airways.
Mineralöle (Erdöl), stark raffiniert [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated 4 severely refined mineral oils [92062‐35‐6,72623‐83‐7,92045‐45‐9,92045‐44‐8] considering all toxicological endpoints.These mineral oils are severely refined to eliminate olefins and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The critical effect is lung toxicity which is observed as microgranulomas in two long‐term studies with rats and dogs at a respirable aerosol concentration of 100 mg/m3with a NOAEC of 5 mg/m3. A MAK value of 5 mg/m3has been set as the respirable fraction (R). Severely refined mineral oils have been assigned to Peak Limitation Category II, because the lung effects are due to a cumulative overload and an excursion factor of 4 has been set. Severely refined mineral oils are not genotoxic and not carcinogenic after oral, dermal or subcutaneous application to rats and mice.Developmental toxicity studies with a white mineral oil show a NOAEC of 1000 mg/m3and a NOAEL of 5000 mg/kg body weight in rats. After toxicokinetic scaling, the differences of the resulting respective concentrations at the workplace to the MAK value are sufficient. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is observed and severely refined mineral oils are assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group C.Skin absorption is very limited and does not contribute to systemic toxicity. Severely refined mineral oils are not regarded as skin or respiratory sensitizers.
Multimodal Chemosensor‐Based, Real‐Time Biomaterial/Cell Interface Monitoring
Authors: Kubon Massimo , Hartmann Hanna , Moschallski Meike , Burkhardt Claus , Link Gorden , Werner Simon , Lavalle Philippe , Urban Gerald , Vrana Nihal Engin , Stelzle Martin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractReal‐time monitoring of the cell/biomaterial interface for biomedical applications can significantly improve the assessment of biomaterials. However, currently there are no multiparametric real‐time monitoring systems for the ex vivo assessment of biomaterials. This study presents a method for monitoring of cell and tissue response to biomaterials based on microsensor read‐outs of pH, O2, and impedance. In vitro, the sensors are compatible with cells implants. For ex vivo measurements, either a biodegradable polymer poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) or a protein‐repellent plasma polymer nanofilm is coated onto sensor arrays and placed on the chorioallantoic membrane of avian embryo ex ovo cultures. Signals related to dissolved oxygen, pH, and electrical impedance are continuously acquired for up to 90 h. Optical observation, immunohistochemical examination of CD45, and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining show different unspecific immune responses. Tissue inflammation, capsule formation, and neovascularization are observed. These results correlate well with the type of coating material and the signal patterns acquired by the chemosensors. In addition, tissue death can be inferred from sensor signal patterns. This system is intended to enable continuous monitoring of biomaterials and is envisioned as a prescreening tool to provide real‐time monitoring of cell/biomaterial interface and also to reduce animal testing for biomaterial assessment purposes.
Intraparticle FRET for Enhanced Efficiency of Two‐Photon Activated Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Cao Hongqian , Yang Yang , Qi Yanfei , Li Yue , Sun Bingbing , Li Ying , Cui Wei , Li Juan , Li Junbai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) still faces two main problems on cancer therapy. One is how to improve PDT efficiency against hypoxic environment of tumors. The other one is how to overcome the limit of short wavelength light to increase PDT treatment depth. In this work, an intraparticle fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform is designed to address these problems together. The nanoparticles are doped with multicomponents, such as catalase, two‐photon dyes, and traditional photosensitizers, with a simple “one‐pot” and green method. On the one hand, catalase can catalyze intracellular H2O2 into O2 and promote PDT efficiency. One the other hand, photosensitizers can be excited indirectly by two‐photon lasers through an intraparticle FRET mechanism, which results in deeper tissue penetration for PDT. These properties are verified through the material induced cytotoxicity in light or in dark and in vivo blocking blood‐vessel experiment.
Biaxially Stretchable Fully Elastic Transistors Based on Rubbery Semiconductor Nanocomposites
Authors: Kim Hae‐Jin , Thukral Anish , Sharma Sahil , Yu Cunjiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA transistor that can be stretchable biaxially is a basic and indispensable component for many emerging applications ranging from wearables to organ implants and to soft robotics. A general approach to enable mechanical stretchability in transistors from existing nonstretchable materials is to create certain mechanical architectures such as in‐plane serpentines, out‐of‐plane wavy structures, kirigami structures, and the hybridization of elastic interconnectors and rigid components. Different from general stretchable transistors, the development of elastic transistors based on rubbery semiconductors nanocomposite of poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) nanofibrils percolated in the silicone rubber matrix is reported. The transistor is fully with elastic materials and manufactured all by solution process. The transistor exhibits a field‐effect mobility of 3.3 cm2 V−1 s−1. The elastic transistor can be stretched biaxially with 50% linear strain and 125% areal strain and it retains its electrical performances. The exhibited reliable electrical functions upon mechanically poked or expanded as a skin for pneumatically actuated soft robots illustrate some practical applications of such biaxially stretchable transistors.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C‐H Activation of Benzoylacetonitriles and Cyclization with Sulfoxonium Ylides to Naphthols
Authors: Zhou Chaofan , Fang Feifei , Cheng Yilang , Li Yazhou , Liu Hong , Zhou Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H activation of benzoylacetonitriles in coupling with sulfoxonium ylides was developed to synthesize diversified substituted naphthols, in which aryl, heterocyclic and alkyl groups in sulfoxonium ylides are tolerated. Intriguingly, we have further implemented transformation for 1‐naphthols to give some intriguing fused tricyclic compounds and derivatives of propranolol, which demonstrate the practical utility of this methodology.magnified image
LncRNA MT1DP Aggravates Cadmium‐Induced Oxidative Stress by Repressing the Function of Nrf2 and is Dependent on Interaction with miR‐365
Authors: Gao Ming , Li Changying , Xu Ming , Liu Yun , Cong Min , Liu Sijin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough cadmium (Cd)‐induced hepatoxicity is well established, pronounced knowledge gaps remain existed regarding the inherent cellular signaling that dictates Cd toxicity. Specifically, the molecular basis for determining the equilibrium between prosurvival and proapoptotic signaling remains poorly understood. Thus, it is recently revealed that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) MT1DP, a pseudogene in the metallothionein (MT) family, promoted Cd‐induced cell death through activating the RhoC‐CCN1/2‐AKT pathway and modulating MT1H induction. Here, first the dependency of MT1DP induction on MTF1, an important transcriptional factor in driving the mRNA expression of MT1 members is defined. Additionally, a bridge molecule between MT1DP and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) is established: miR‐365. Mechanistically, MT1DP induction under Cd stress decreases the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) level to evoke oxidative stress through the elevation of miR‐365, which acted to repress the Nrf2 level via direct binding to its 3'UTR. In contrast to the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism, a new mechanism is proposed: MT1DP elevated the miR‐365 level though stabilizing its RNA via direct binding. Collectively, the combined data demonstrate a crucial role of MT1DP in reducing the Nrf2‐mediated protection of cells, and this is dependent on the interplay with miR‐365. Hence, the study further expands the knowledge of inducible endogenous lncRNA in modulating oxidative stress.
Highly Efficient Construction of 2‐Fluoroalkyl Quinolines through a Palladium‐Catalyzed 6‐endo‐trig Heck Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Han Fangwai , Yang Wenqing , Zhao Aichun , Zheng Ruihong , Ji Chenhui , Liu Xinqi , Liu Guiyan , Chen Chen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA highly efficient Pd0‐catalyzed 6‐endo‐trig Heck cyclization reaction has been developed for the construction of 2‐fluoroalkyl quinolines, which are important structural motifs for bioactive molecules. This process offers broad substrate scope, with excellent 6‐endo selectivity, and affords quinoline derivatives in moderate‐to‐excellent yields.
Canola Protein: A Promising Protein Source for Delivery, Adhesive, and Material Applications
Authors: Bandara Nandika , Akbari Ali , Esparza Yussef , Wu Jianping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCanola is second only to soy with regard to production volume, but the meal after extraction has limited value‐added applications, apart from its use as feed. Emerging interest in the meal is to develop nonfood applications such as delivery systems, adhesives, or plastics. This review critically evaluates the recent progress in research on the applications of value‐added canola protein, especially on nonfood applications such as plastics, films, packaging materials, adhesives, and drug delivery applications, and presents the perspectives on the future directions of canola protein utilization. Canola protein with suitable surface activity, gelation, interaction with other polymers, gastric and heat resistance, and biodegradability has the ability to form carriers to encapsulate, protect, and deliver bioactives/drugs. Canola‐based adhesives prepared by denaturation, chemical modification, cross‐linking, blending with synthetic resins, and nanomaterial addition show promising results in applications as adhesives. Canola protein‐based plastic films are mostly prepared by solution casting with the aid of plasticizers to improve the ductility of the protein network through increasing the mobility of protein chains; incorporation of cross‐linking agents could also increase protein–protein interactions toward the formation of stronger films. Canola proteins show wide potential for use as an encapsulant in delivery systems, as an adhesive, and as a plastic; however, further research is needed to improve the performance and to make it cost effective.
Toll‐Like Receptor 9 Deficiency Breaks Tolerance to RNA‐Associated Antigens and Up‐Regulates Toll‐Like Receptor 7 Protein in Sle1 Mice
Authors: Celhar Teja , Yasuga Hiroko , Lee Hui Yin , Zharkova Olga , Tripathi Shubhita , Thornhill Susannah I. , Lu Hao K. , Au Bijin , Lim Lina H. K. , Thamboo Thomas P. , Akira Shizuo , Wakeland Edward K. , Connolly John E. , Fairhurst Anna‐Marie 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveToll‐like receptors (TLRs) 7 and 9 are important innate signaling molecules with opposing roles in the development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). While multiple studies support the notion of a dependency on TLR‐7 for disease development, genetic ablation of TLR‐9 results in severe disease with glomerulonephritis (GN) by a largely unknown mechanism. This study was undertaken to examine the suppressive role of TLR‐9 in the development of severe lupus in a mouse model.MethodsWe crossed Sle1 lupus‐prone mice with TLR‐9–deficient mice to generate Sle1TLR‐9−/− mice. Mice ages 4.5–6.5 months were evaluated for severe autoimmunity by assessing splenomegaly, GN, immune cell populations, autoantibody and total Ig profiles, kidney dendritic cell (DC) function, and TLR‐7 protein expression. Mice ages 8–10 weeks were used for functional B cell studies, Ig profiling, and determination of TLR‐7 expression.ResultsSle1TLR‐9−/− mice developed severe disease similar to TLR‐9–deficient MRL and Nba2 models. Sle1TLR‐9−/− mouse B cells produced more class‐switched antibodies, and the autoantibody repertoire was skewed toward RNA‐containing antigens. GN in these mice was associated with DC infiltration, and purified Sle1TLR‐9−/− mouse renal DCs were more efficient at TLR‐7–dependent antigen presentation and expressed higher levels of TLR‐7 protein. Importantly, this increase in TLR‐7 expression occurred prior to disease development, indicating a role in the initiation stages of tissue destruction.ConclusionThe increase in TLR‐7–reactive immune complexes, and the concomitant enhanced expression of their receptor, promotes inflammation and disease in Sle1TLR9−/− mice.