«У РОБОТІВ – СВОЇ КАЗКИ» (РОБОТОТЕХНІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА В СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОМУ ПРОСТОРІ ХХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТ.)
Authors: Братерська-Дронь М. Т. 
Published: October 2018

Robotic problems are one of the most relevant in contemporary socio-cultural space. Mechanical man appeared in the cultural traditions of our civilization repeatedly. Its invariance is found even in the Upanishads, Kabbalah, the myths of Ancient Greece.However, the theme of an artificial man in his modern work-engineering interpretation made the first step in the world from the easy hand of Karel Chapek, in his play «R.U.R.» (1920). It is the Czech writer introducing the term «robot» (in English translation). In essence, Karel Chapek in the early twentieth century. has defined the main philosophical aspects of modern robotics. In this aspect, one should also mention the film by F. Lang «Metropolis» (1926), which dumped the work of technical topics to the general public.The scientific and technological revolution that began after the Second World War expanded the imaginary possibilities of traditional science, determined the new technical perspectives of modern civilization, and at the same time meant the so-called related or negative trends of its development.In1941, A. Azimov in the story «The Liar!» postulates the main laws-tables of work equipment, starting a series of short stories called «I’m a robot». At the same time there is the term «work engineering».In the 1960s, collections of Stories by S. Lemah «Sum of Technologies», «Fairy Tales of Robots», «Kyberiada» were published. In these works the main character becomes a robot. Like an English writer, S. Lem is trying to reproduce, so to speak, a formula not only purely human, but also artificial intelligence.At the end of the 1950s, US engineers M. E. Klynse and N. S. Clin were working on the problem of human adaptation to the conditions of space and other planets. In the study, they concluded that the best way to solve this problem could be to combine man and work. Thus came the term «cyborg». From then on the robotic topic will be directly related to the space.On this wave appeared a feature film by S. Kubrick «2001: Space Odyssey» (1968), filmed in the scenario of the science fiction writer A. Clark, in which the confrontation between man and machine goes to survival.Even more gloomy coloring, the work-related problem is acquired in the film by R. Scott «Running on the razor blade» (1982). Apocalyptic motifs are more and more popular. Cyborgs become not just opponents of man, but fierce enemies of all mankind, threatening to destroy the civilization of their creators, about which, in particular, eloquently told the film D. Cameron «Terminator» (1984), etc.And finally, today, perhaps the most painful question was the probable cyberhization of the person himself, as evidenced by the onset of transhumanism. So where are the boundaries of the anthropic existence of man, which is merged with artificial technology, and therefore – what is the prospect of the development of modern civilization?Today it is impossible to deny that the working-engineering perspective acquires new aspects. The robot gradually creates more and more competition to a person. This is the economic sphere, the types of labor in which the robot is increasingly replacing a person. This is the intellectual and biological plane in which the robot can give the forefront a human species. From here, the sphere of social life, in which the robot should occupy its place, so to speak its «social cell», is actualized. And the main thing is the sphere of morality. And if robots are quite likely to lack understanding of human morality, then they will probably shape their ideas about the system of views and ideas, norms and evaluations that govern behavior. And what forms the co-evolution of man and machines can be guessed.