bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training challenges in regulated industries: making it work
Authors: Götze Stefanie , Jeske Debora , Benters Karolina 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Trainers and organisations in heavily regulated industries face a number of training-related HR challenges. The purpose of this paper is to examine barriers and propose solutions in such circumstances.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper briefly outlines the results of a case study involving multi-method data collection (interview, survey, focus groups, etc.) to explore barriers to training effectiveness in a pharmaceutical company in Germany.

Findings
The case study suggests that the company in question experienced several time and resource pressures to accommodate internally and externally required training needs. Other issues pertained to negative effects of these circumstances on employee motivation, engagement and relevance of training.

Practical implications
Based on the case study and existing work, a number of general practical recommendations are outlined for trainers working in regulated industries. These include suggestions such as the need for situation awareness in the design of the training strategy, co-creation in training, the benefit of linking training to reward systems, training accreditation and the benefit of reviewing existing training approaches in the regulated industry.

Originality/value
The paper provides one starting point for those leading and managing training activities in regulated industry settings to manage the internal and external training challenges.
Eco-innovation typology for incubators
Authors: Carvalho Andriele De Prá , Zarelli Paula Regina , Dalarosa Bruna Madey 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand a typology of eco-innovation that best characterizes an innovation incubator, with the aim of strengthening the management of this habitat to leverage the development of new eco-innovation technologies.Design/methodology/approachThe typologies of 22 studies identified in the Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo and Science Direct databases were analyzed through a theoretical and descriptive study and method of systematic literature review. In the typologies analyzed, none were found that fit directly into the environment of an innovation incubator.FindingsThe most detailed typology, by Fernando et al. (2015), is characterized as a type of eco-innovation developed in a specific market, but it does not address the characteristics of this innovation habitat, which is the incubator.Practical implicationsThus, based on the typologies presented, this paper demonstrates the construction of an instrument that contemplates the authors analyzed, with emphasis on its application in incubators.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates the construction of an instrument that contemplates the authors analyzed, with emphasis on the application in incubators.
Political Economy of Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: The Rural‐Urban Dynamics in Ghana
Authors: Fumey Abel , Egwaikhide Festus O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study examined the political economy dimension of fiscal transfers from the national government to district assemblies based on the formula distribution policy created under Ghana's 1992 Constitutional democracy. The two‐step system GMM for dynamic linear panel analysis was estimated from locational perspectives of rural and urban in relation to political swing and aligned districts. Data on annual District Assemblies Common Fund transfers and election results were used for the analyses from 1994 to 2014 covering 167 assemblies. From the results, average transfers to each district was Gh 6.28 million but it increased by 3.5 per cent in politically aligned rural districts and by 6.4 per cent in urban swing districts. During election years, the increases were even higher, precisely 5 per cent and 10 per cent for rural aligned and urban swing districts, respectively. These suggested that the government generally targets more urban swing voters than rural aligned voters. The allocation formula was influenced by political factors, as election years tended to be associated with higher transfers. The swing effects dominated the sharing mechanism. Therefore, to reduce political influence on the allocation formula, an independent body should be established to make recommendations directly to parliament. This should dampen the political influence of incumbent governments on the allocations.
Monnaie unique et intégration par le marché en Afrique: le cas de la CEEAC et de la CEDEAO
Authors: Mignamissi Dieudonné 
Published: April 2018

RésuméL'objectif de cet article est d'évaluer, à la lumière de la théorie endogène des zones monétaires optimales, l'effet potentiel de la monnaie unique sur le commerce bilatéral dans deux Communautés Économiques Régionales africaines (la Communauté Économique des États de l'Afrique Centrale et de la Communauté Économique des États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest). L'évaluation est faite à partir d'un modèle de gravité augmenté, estimé selon la méthode du Pseudo‐Maximum de Vraisemblance. Au terme des analyses, nous parvenons au principal résultat selon lequel l'effet potentiel de la monnaie unique sur le commerce bilatéral est positif et significatif, mais il diffère selon les Communautés, à cause des caractéristiques des pays membres. Ce résultat invite les responsables politiques des Communautés Économiques Régionales africaines à accélérer les étapes du calendrier d'Abuja, dans l'optique de mettre sur pied une monnaie unique africaine dans un délai raisonnable.
Pazopanib‐induced crystal deposition in intestinal mucosa in a patient with retroperitoneal liposarcoma
Authors: Horie Shigemitsu , Nishida Hayato , Sakurai Toshihiko , Ichiyanagi Osamu , Kato Tomoyuki , Yagi Makoto , Kabasawa Takanobu , Asai Teigo , Tsuchiya Norihiko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPazopanib was administered to a 44‐year‐old man with local recurrence of retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Computed tomography showed an intestinal edema, which gradually progressed 15 months after pazopanib administration although he had no clinical symptoms. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy implicated marked edematous hypertrophy of the Kerkling's fold. Pathological findings showed crystal deposition and fat accumulation, without a malignant component. All these abnormal findings resolved after pazopanib discontinuation.
Mechanisms of Performance Improvements Due to a Leading Teammate During Uphill Cycling
Authors: Ouvrard Theo , Groslambert Alain , Ravier Gilles , Grosprêtre Sidney , Gimenez Philippe , Grappe Frederic 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To identify the impact of a leading teammate in front of a cyclist on psychological, physiological, biomechanical, and performance parameters during an uphill maximal effort. Methods: After familiarization, 12 well-trained competitive cyclists completed 2 uphill time trials (UTTs, 2.7 km at 7.4%) in randomized order; that is, 1 performed alone (control condition) and 1 followed a simulated teammate during the entire UTT (leader condition). Performance (UTT time) and mean power output (PO) were recorded for each UTT. For physiological parameters, mean heart rate and postexercise blood lactate concentration were recorded. Psychological parameters (rating of perceived exertion, pleasure, and attentional focus) were collected at the end of each trial. Results: Performance (UTT time) significantly improved by 4.2% (3.1%) in the leader condition, mainly due to drafting decrease of the aerodynamic drag (58% of total performance gains) and higher end spurt (+9.1% [9.1%] of mean PO in the last 10% of the UTT). However, heart rate and postexercise blood lactate concentration were not significantly different between conditions. From a psychological aspect, higher pleasure was observed in the leader condition (+41.1% [51.7%]), but attentional focus was not significantly different. Conclusions: The presence of a leading teammate during uphill cycling had a strong impact on performance, enabling higher speed for the same mean PO and greater end spurt. These results explain why the best teams competing for the general classification of the most prestigious and contested races like the Grand Tours tend to always protect their leader with teammates during decisive ascents.
Accelerating Early Antituberculosis Drug Discovery by Creating Mycobacterial Indicator Strains That Predict Mode of Action
Authors: Boot Maikel , Commandeur Susanna , Subudhi Amit K. , Bahira Meriem , Smith Trever C. , Abdallah Abdallah M. , van Gemert Mae , Lelièvre Joël , Ballell Lluís , Aldridge Bree B. , Pain Arnab , Speer Alexander , Bitter Wilbert 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Due to the rise of drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis, there is an urgent need for novel antibiotics to effectively combat these cases and shorten treatment regimens. Recently, drug screens using whole-cell analyses have been shown to be successful. However, current high-throughput screens focus mostly on
stricto sensu
life/death screening that give little qualitative information. In doing so, promising compound scaffolds or nonoptimized compounds that fail to reach inhibitory concentrations are missed. To accelerate early tuberculosis (TB) drug discovery, we performed RNA sequencing on
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and
Mycobacterium marinum
to map the stress responses that follow upon exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics with known targets, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol, isoniazid, streptomycin, and rifampin. The resulting data set comprises the first overview of transcriptional stress responses of mycobacteria to different antibiotics. We show that antibiotics can be distinguished based on their specific transcriptional stress fingerprint. Notably, this fingerprint was more distinctive in
M. marinum
. We decided to use this to our advantage and continue with this model organism. A selection of diverse antibiotic stress genes was used to construct stress reporters. In total, three functional reporters were constructed to respond to DNA damage, cell wall damage, and ribosomal inhibition. Subsequently, these reporter strains were used to screen a small anti-TB compound library to predict the mode of action. In doing so, we identified the putative modes of action for three novel compounds, which confirms the utility of our approach.
Osteopontin Regulates Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Replication and Assembly by Interacting with HCV Proteins and Lipid Droplets and by Binding to Receptors αVβ3 and CD44
Authors: Iqbal Jawed , Sarkar-Dutta Mehuli , McRae Steven , Ramachandran Akshaya , Kumar Binod , Waris Gulam 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and assembly occur at the specialized site of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and lipid droplets (LDs), respectively. Recently, several host proteins have been shown to be involved in HCV replication and assembly. In the present study, we demonstrated the important relationship among osteopontin (OPN), the ER, and LDs. OPN is a secreted phosphoprotein, and overexpression of OPN in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue can lead to invasion and metastasis. OPN expression is also enhanced in HCV-associated HCC. Our recent studies have demonstrated the induction, proteolytic cleavage, and secretion of OPN in response to HCV infection. We also defined the critical role of secreted OPN in human hepatoma cell migration and invasion through binding to receptors integrin αVβ3 and CD44. However, the role of HCV-induced OPN in the HCV life cycle has not been elucidated. In this study, we showed a significant reduction in HCV replication, assembly, and infectivity in HCV-infected cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against OPN, αVβ3, and CD44. We also observed the association of endogenous OPN with HCV proteins (NS3, NS5A, NS4A/B, NS5B, and core). Confocal microscopy revealed the colocalization of OPN with HCV NS5A and core in the ER and LDs, indicating a possible role for OPN in HCV replication and assembly. Interestingly, the secreted OPN activated HCV replication, infectivity, and assembly through binding to αVβ3 and CD44. Collectively, these observations provide evidence that HCV-induced OPN is critical for HCV replication and assembly.

IMPORTANCE
Recently, our studies uncovered the critical role of HCV-induced endogenous and secreted OPN in migration and invasion of hepatocytes. However, the role of OPN in the HCV life cycle has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the importance of OPN in HCV replication and assembly. We demonstrated that endogenous OPN associates with HCV NS3, NS5A, NS5B, and core proteins, which are in close proximity to the ER and LDs. Moreover, we showed that the interactions of secreted OPN with cell surface receptors αVβ3 and CD44 are critical for HCV replication and assembly. These observations provide evidence that HCV-induced endogenous and secreted OPN play pivotal roles in HCV replication and assembly in HCV-infected cells. Taken together, our findings clearly demonstrate that targeting OPN may provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention of HCV pathogenesis.
Patient preferences for nutritional supplementation to improve fracture healing: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Nichols Elizabeth , O’Hara Nathan N , Degani Yasmin , Sprague Sheila A , Adachi Jonathan D , Bhandari Mohit , Holick Michael F , Connelly Daniel W , Slobogean Gerard P 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveVitamin D is often prescribed as an adjuvant therapy to aid fracture healing due to its biological role in bone health. However, the optimal frequency, dosage and duration of vitamin D supplementation for non-osteoporotic fracture healing has not been established. The objective of this study was to determine patient preferences for fracture healing relative to hypothetical vitamin D supplementation dosing options.DesignDiscrete choice experiment.SettingLevel 1 trauma centre in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.Participants199 adult (18–60 years) patients with a fracture.Primary outcome measuresParameter estimates of utility for fracture healing relative to dosing regimens were analysed using hierarchical Bayesian modelling.ResultsA reduced risk of reoperation (34.3%) and reduced healing time (24.4%) were the attributes of greatest relative importance. The highest mean utility estimates were for a one-time supplementation dose (ß=0.71, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.00) followed by a reduced risk of reoperation (ß=0.41 per absolute % reduction, 95% CI 0.0.36 to 0.46). Supplementation for 24 weeks in duration (ß=−0.83, 95% CI −1.00 to −0.67) and a daily supplement (ß=−0.29, 95% CI −0.47 to −0.11) had the lowest mean utilities. The ‘no supplement’ option had a large negative value suggesting supplementation was generally desirable in this sample population. Among other possible clinical scenarios, patients expected a 2% reduction in the absolute risk of reoperation or a 3.1-week reduction in healing time from the baseline to accept a treatment regimen requiring two separate doses of supplementation, two blood tests and a cost of $20 within 3 months of injury.ConclusionsPatients with orthopaedic trauma demonstrated strong willingness to take a vitamin D supplement that would decrease risk of reoperation and reduce healing time. Furthermore, these findings specify the required decrease in reoperation risk and reduction in healing time patients would expect to adhere to possible vitamin D dosing regimens.
Comparison of three common nutritional screening tools with the new European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) criteria for malnutrition among patients with geriatric gastrointestinal cancer: a prospective study in China
Authors: Ye Xiao-Jun , Ji Yan-Bin , Ma Bing-Wei , Huang Dong-Dong , Chen Wei-Zhe , Pan Zong-You , Shen Xian , Zhuang Cheng-Le , Yu Zhen 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare three common nutritional screening tools with the new European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) diagnostic criteria for malnutrition among elderly patients with gastrointestinal cancer.Research methodsandproceduresNutritional screening tools, including the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and the Short Form of Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF), were applied to 255 patients with gastrointestinal cancer. We compared the diagnostic values of these tools for malnutrition, using the new ESPEN diagnostic criteria for malnutrition as the ‘gold standards’.ResultsAccording to the new ESPEN diagnostic criteria for malnutrition, 20% of the patients were diagnosed as malnourished. With the use of NRS 2002, 52.2% of the patients were found to be at high risk of malnutrition; with the use of MUST, 37.6% of the patients were found to be at moderate/high risk of malnutrition; and according to MNA-SF, 47.8% of the patients were found to be at nutritional risk. MUST was best correlated with the ESPEN diagnostic criteria (К=0.530, p<0.001) compared with NRS 2002 (К=0.312, p<0.001) and MNA-SF (К=0.380, p<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve of MUST had the highest area under the curve (AUC) compared with NRS 2002 and MNA-SF.ConclusionsAmong the tools, MUST was found to perform the best in identifyingmalnourished elderly patients with gastrointestinal cancer distinguished by the new ESPEN diagnostic criteria for malnutrition. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to verify our findings.Trial registration numberChiCTR-RRC-16009831; Pre-results.
Gender inequalities in the association between area deprivation and perceived social support: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis at the municipality level in Germany
Authors: Mena Emily , Kroll Lars Eric , Maier Werner , Bolte Gabriele 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between area deprivation at municipality level with low perceived social support, independent of individual socioeconomic position and demographic characteristics. To assess whether there are gender inequalities in this association.DesignCross-sectional multilevel analysis of survey data.SettingGermany.Participants3350 men and 3665 women living in 167 municipalities throughout Germany participating in the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults’ (DEGS1 2008–2011) as part of the national health monitoring.OutcomePerceived social support as measured by Oslo-3 Social Support Scale.ResultsPrevalence of low perceived social support was 11.4% in men and 11.1% in women. Low social support was associated in men and women with sociodemographic characteristics that indicate more disadvantaged living situations. Taking these individual-level characteristics into account, municipal-level deprivation was independently associated with low perceived social support in men (OR for the most deprived quintile: 1.80 (95% CI 1.14 to 2.84)), but not in women (OR 1.22 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.90)).ConclusionThe results of our multilevel analysis suggest that there are gender inequalities in the association of municipal-level deprivation with the prevalence of low perceived social support in Germany independent of individual socioeconomic position. Community health interventions aiming at promotion of social support among residents might profit from a further understanding of the observed gender differences.
Effect of maternal age on facility-based delivery: analysis of first-order births in 34 countries of sub-Saharan Africa using demographic and health survey data
Authors: Dunlop Catherine L , Benova Lenka , Campbell Oona 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesIncreasing access to skilled birth attendance, usually via childbirth in health facilities, is a key intervention to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Yet, in some countries of sub-Saharan Africa, the uptake is <50%. Age and parity are determinants of facility-based delivery, but are strongly correlated in high fertility settings. This analysis assessed the independent effect of age on facility-based delivery by restricting to first-order births. It was hypothesised that older first-time mothers in this setting might have lower uptake of facility-based deliveries than women in the most common age groups for first birth.SettingThe most recent Demographic and Health Surveys from 34 sub-Saharan African countries were used to assess women’s delivery locations.Participants72 772 women having their first birth in the 5 years preceding the surveys were included in the analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresProportions and 95% CIs of facility-based deliveries were estimated overall and by country. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds of facility-based delivery for different maternal age groups (15–19, 20–24 and ≥25 years) for a pooled sample of all countries.Results59.9% of women had a facility-based delivery for their first birth (95% CI 58.6 to 61.2), ranging from 19.4% in Chad to 96.6% in Rwanda. Compared with women aged 15–19 years, the adjusted odds of having a facility-based delivery for those aged 20–24 was 1.4 (95% CI 1.3 to 1.5, p<0.001) and for those aged ≥25, 1.9 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.2, p<0.001).ConclusionsOlder age at first birth was independently associated with significantly higher odds of facility-based delivery. This went against the hypothesis. Further mixed-method research is needed to explore how increased age improves uptake of facility-based delivery. Promoting facility-based delivery, while ensuring quality of care, should be prioritised to improve birth outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.
Associations between blood cadmium levels and cognitive function in a cross-sectional study of US adults aged 60 years or older
Authors: Li Hongyu , Wang Zhihui , Fu Zhen , Yan Mingming , Wu Nanjin , Wu Hongyan , Yin Ping 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThe relationship between cadmium exposure and cognition has been well studied in children. However, the association between environmental cadmium exposure and cognitive function has not been researched extensively in older adults. Our goal was to evaluate the association between cognitive function and blood cadmium levels in US adults aged 60 years or older.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).ParticipantsA total of 2068 adults aged 60 years or older who completed four cognitive assessment tests and blood cadmium detection in two waves of NHANES (2011–2014).Main outcome measuresCognitive assessment was conducted by household interview or at a Mobile Examination Center (MEC) using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) Word List Learning Test, the CERAD Word List Recall Test, the Animal Fluency Test and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). We created a composite cognitive z-score to represent global cognitive function.ResultsThe median blood cadmium concentration in the study participants was 0.35 µg/L, and the IQR was 0.24–0.56 µg/L. In linear regression analyses, adjusting for demographics, behaviour and medical history, blood cadmium as a continuous variable was inversely associated with the composite z-score (μg/L, β=−0.11, 95% CI −0.20 to −0.03). Similarly, there was a significant association between quartiles of blood cadmium and composite z-score, with somewhat lower scores in the upper quartile of exposure (blood cadmium ≥0.63 µg/L) compared with those in the lower quartile of exposure (blood cadmium <0.25 µg/L) (μg/L, β=−0.14, 95% CI −0.25 to –0.03), and there was a trend by quartiles of blood cadmium (P<0.0001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that increased blood cadmium is associated with worse cognitive function in adults aged 60 years or older in the USA.