bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Global Analysis of Future Water Deficit Based On Different Allocation Mechanisms
Authors: Bijl David L. , Biemans Hester , Bogaart Patrick W. , Dekker Stefan C. , Doelman Jonathan C. , Stehfest Elke , van Vuuren Detlef P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFreshwater scarcity is already an urgent problem in some areas but may increase significantly in the future. To assess future developments, we need to understand how future population growth, agricultural production patterns, energy use, economic development, and climate change may impact the global freshwater cycle. Integrated models provide opportunities for quantitative assessment. In this paper, we further integrate models of hydrology and economics, using the models IMAGE and LPJmL, with explicit accounting for (1) electricity, industry, and municipal and irrigation water use; (2) intersectoral water allocation rules at the 0.5° × 0.5°grid scale; and (3) withdrawal, consumption, and return flows. With the integration between hydrology and economy we are able to understand competition dynamics between the different freshwater users at the basin and grid scale. We run model projections for three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), more efficient water use, and no expansion of irrigated areas to understand the competition dynamics of these different allocation mechanisms. We conclude that (1) global water withdrawal is projected to increase by 12% in SSP‐1, 26% in SSP‐2, and 29% in SSP‐3 during 2010–2050; (2) water deficits (demand minus allocated water) for nonagricultural uses are small in 2010 but become significant around 2050; (3) interannual variability of precipitation results in variability of water deficits; (4) water use efficiency improvements reduce water withdrawal but have little impact on water deficits; and (5) priority rules at the local level have a large effect on water deficits, whereas limiting the expansion of irrigation has virtually no effect.
HyMaTZ: A Python Program for Modeling Seismic Velocities in Hydrous Regions of the Mantle Transition Zone
Authors: Wang Fei , Barklage Mitchell , Lou Xiaoting , van der Lee Suzan , Bina Craig R. , Jacobsen Steven D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMapping the spatial distribution of water in the mantle transition zone (MTZ, 410‐ to 660‐km depth) may be approached by combining thermodynamic and experimental mineral physics data with regional studies of seismic velocity and seismic discontinuity structure. HyMaTZ (Hydrous Mantle Transition Zone) is a Python program with graphical user interface, which calculates and displays seismic velocities for different scenarios of hydration in the MTZ for comparison to global or regional seismic‐velocity models. The influence of water is applied through a regression to experimental data on how H2O influences the thermoelastic properties of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 polymorphs: olivine, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite. Adiabatic temperature profiles are internally consistent with dry phase proportion models; however, modeling hydration in HyMaTZ affects only velocities and not phase proportions or discontinuity structure. For wadsleyite, adding 1.65 wt% H2O or increasing the iron content by 7 mol% leads to roughly equivalent reductions in VS as raising the temperature by 160 K with a pyrolite model in the upper part of the MTZ. The eastern U.S. low‐velocity anomaly, which has been interpreted as the result of dehydration of the Farallon slab in the top of the lower mantle, is consistent with hydration of wadsleyite to about 20% of its water storage capacity in the upper MTZ. Velocity gradients with depth in absolute shear velocity models are steeper in all seismic models than all mineralogical models, suggesting that the seismic velocity gradients should be lowered or varied with depth and/or an alternative compositional model is required.
A Method for Multiscale Interpretation of Fracture Processes in Carrara Marble Specimen Containing a Single Flaw Under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Wong Louis Ngai Yuen , Xiong Qiquan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a method for continuous multiscale observation of uniaxial compressive tests of Carrara marble specimens containing a single preexisting artificially created flaw. The experiments aim at analyzing the associated mesoscale‐macroscale phenomena in the fracture process of the specimens. In the macroscale, the crack types are observed and characterized by optical observation using a camcorder and a high‐speed camera. In the mesoscale, the crack types are analyzed and characterized by the moment tensor inversion of acoustic emission. For the experimental investigation on the fracture process on specimens containing a single preexisting flaw, it is the first time quantitative and continuous interpretation and comparison of the mesoscale‐macroscale fracture process have become available. The present findings provide substantial improvement on our understanding of the mesoscale‐macroscale fracture process in rock specimens containing a single preexisting flaw. In addition, the experimental results provide insightful information about the laboratory scale fault extension and propagation and laboratory scale acoustic emission moment‐frequency distribution. The findings are helpful for establishing the link between the laboratory scale tests and the tectonic scale seismic activities.
Improvements in the Monthly Gravity Field Solutions Through Modeling the Colored Noise in the GRACE Data
Authors: Guo Xiang , Zhao Qile , Ditmar Pavel , Sun Yu , Liu Jingnan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has achieved a quantum leap in knowledge of the Earth's gravity field. However, current gravity field solutions still cannot reach the prelaunch baseline accuracy. One of the reasons for that is the presence of colored noise in GRACE data, which is typically ignored in the classical dynamic approach to gravity field modeling. In this research, we propose to account for colored noise in the classical dynamic approach by applying the frequency‐dependent data weighting (FDDW) scheme, so that enhanced estimates of gravity field solutions are produced. The monthly solutions are compared with those produced using the standard least squares adjustment without a data weighting scheme. The comparison is performed in both spectral and spatial domains, showing the positive effect of the FDDW scheme in all considered cases. For instance, the cumulative geoid height errors up to degree 96 are reduced by 18%. In the spatial domain, the FDDW scheme lowers noise level in mass changes over the oceans, Mississippi river basin, and Greenland by 20, 38, and 23%, respectively, when compared to the without a data weighting scheme. In addition, the consistency of mass changes over the Mississippi and Congo river basins with those inferred from the state‐of‐the‐art hydrology model WaterGAP is substantially improved when the FDDW scheme is applied. These results indicate that modeling colored noise in the GRACE data allows to significantly improve the recovered monthly solutions. This finding is likely applicable also to the GRACE Follow‐On mission.
Reply to Comment by Y. Kovalyshen on “Ultrasonic Monitoring of Spontaneous Imbibition Experiments: Precursory Moisture Diffusion Effects Ahead of Water Front”
Authors: David Christian , Barnes Christophe , Sarout Joël , Dautriat Jérémie , Pimienta Lucas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe tested on a data set including 12 different rocks the assumption that, during water imbibition experiments, the interaction between direct P waves and reflected P waves on the imbibition front could explain the early P wave amplitude variation occurring before any velocity variation. Our calculations show that (i) the observed distance between the water front and the ultrasonic sensors is always larger than the estimated critical distance below which the first peak amplitude is impacted by the reflected P wave, (ii) the magnitude of the coefficients of reflection is generally very small, and (iii) using simulations of composite waveforms, an impact on the first peak amplitude is expected only in 25% of the tested samples. P wave interaction is definitively a mechanism which can lead to amplitude variations, but it is very likely that such a mechanism is not responsible for the early amplitude variation detected in most of the tested rocks. Moisture diffusion is still a very relevant mechanism to account for our observations on P wave amplitude variations during capillary rise.
NAA10-related syndrome
Authors: Wu Yiyang , Lyon Gholson J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNAA10-related syndrome is an X-linked condition with a broad spectrum of findings ranging from a severe phenotype in males with p.Ser37Pro in NAA10, originally described as Ogden syndrome, to the milder NAA10-related intellectual disability found with different variants in both males and females. Although developmental impairments/intellectual disability may be the presenting feature (and in some cases the only finding), many individuals have additional cardiovascular, growth, and dysmorphic findings that vary in type and severity. Therefore, this set of disorders has substantial phenotypic variability and, as such, should be referred to more broadly as NAA10-related syndrome. NAA10 encodes an enzyme NAA10 that is certainly involved in the amino-terminal acetylation of proteins, alongside other proposed functions for this same protein. The mechanistic basis for how variants in NAA10 lead to the various phenotypes in humans is an active area of investigation, some of which will be reviewed herein.
Global cooling and enhanced Eocene Asian mid-latitude interior aridity
Authors: Li J. X. , Yue L. P. , Roberts A. P. , Hirt A. M. , Pan F. , Guo Lin , Xu Y. , Xi R. G. , Guo Lei , Qiang X. K. , Gai C. C. , Jiang Z. X. , Sun Z. M. , Liu Q. S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTibetan Plateau uplift has been suggested as the main driving force for mid-latitude Asian inland aridity (AIA) and for deposition of thick aeolian sequences in northern China since the Miocene. However, the relationship between earlier AIA and Tibetan Plateau mountain building is uncertain because of a lack of corresponding thick aeolian sequences with accurate age constraints. We here present results for a continuous aeolian sequence that spans the interval from >51 to 39 Ma from the eastern Xorkol Basin, Altun Shan, northeastern Tibetan Plateau. The basal age of the studied sequence postdates initial uplift of the Tibetan Plateau by several million years. Our results indicate that the local palaeoclimate was teleconnected strongly to the overall global cooling pattern, so that local enhanced aridification recorded by the studied aeolian sequence is dominantly a response to global climatic forcing rather than plateau uplift.
Targeting myelin lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic strategy in a model of CMT1A neuropathy
Authors: Fledrich R. , Abdelaal T. , Rasch L. , Bansal V. , Schütza V. , Brügger B. , Lüchtenborg C. , Prukop T. , Stenzel J. , Rahman R. U. , Hermes D. , Ewers D. , Möbius W. , Ruhwedel T. , Katona I. , Weis J. , Klein D. , Martini R. , Brück W. , Müller W. C. , Bonn S. , Bechmann I. , Nave K. A. , Stassart R. M. , Sereda M. W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn patients with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease 1A (CMT1A), peripheral nerves display aberrant myelination during postnatal development, followed by slowly progressive demyelination and axonal loss during adult life. Here, we show that myelinating Schwann cells in a rat model of CMT1A exhibit a developmental defect that includes reduced transcription of genes required for myelin lipid biosynthesis. Consequently, lipid incorporation into myelin is reduced, leading to an overall distorted stoichiometry of myelin proteins and lipids with ultrastructural changes of the myelin sheath. Substitution of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the diet is sufficient to overcome the myelination deficit of affected Schwann cells in vivo. This treatment rescues the number of myelinated axons in the peripheral nerves of the CMT rats and leads to a marked amelioration of neuropathic symptoms. We propose that lipid supplementation is an easily translatable potential therapeutic approach in CMT1A and possibly other dysmyelinating neuropathies.
Multimodal neuromarkers in schizophrenia via cognition-guided MRI fusion
Authors: Sui Jing , Qi Shile , van Erp Theo G. M. , Bustillo Juan , Jiang Rongtao , Lin Dongdong , Turner Jessica A. , Damaraju Eswar , Mayer Andrew R. , Cui Yue , Fu Zening , Du Yuhui , Chen Jiayu , Potkin Steven G. , Preda Adrian , Mathalon Daniel H. , Ford Judith M. , Voyvodic James , Mueller Bryon A. , Belger Aysenil , McEwen Sarah C. , O’Leary Daniel S. , McMahon Agnes , Jiang Tianzi , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCognitive impairment is a feature of many psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia. Here we aim to identify multimodal biomarkers for quantifying and predicting cognitive performance in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. A supervised learning strategy is used to guide three-way multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) fusion in two independent cohorts including both healthy individuals and individuals with schizophrenia using multiple cognitive domain scores. Results highlight the salience network (gray matter, GM), corpus callosum (fractional anisotropy, FA), central executive and default-mode networks (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation, fALFF) as modality-specific biomarkers of generalized cognition. FALFF features are found to be more sensitive to cognitive domain differences, while the salience network in GM and corpus callosum in FA are highly consistent and predictive of multiple cognitive domains. These modality-specific brain regions define—in three separate cohorts—promising co-varying multimodal signatures that can be used as predictors of multi-domain cognition.
JNK regulates muscle remodeling via myostatin/SMAD inhibition
Authors: Lessard Sarah J. , MacDonald Tara L. , Pathak Prerana , Han Myoung Sook , Coffey Vernon G. , Edge Johann , Rivas Donato A. , Hirshman Michael F. , Davis Roger J. , Goodyear Laurie J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSkeletal muscle has a remarkable plasticity to adapt and remodel in response to environmental cues, such as physical exercise. Endurance exercise stimulates improvements in muscle oxidative capacity, while resistance exercise induces muscle growth. Here we show that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is a molecular switch that when active, stimulates muscle fibers to grow, resulting in increased muscle mass. Conversely, when muscle JNK activation is suppressed, an alternative remodeling program is initiated, resulting in smaller, more oxidative muscle fibers, and enhanced aerobic fitness. When muscle is exposed to mechanical stress, JNK initiates muscle growth via phosphorylation of the transcription factor, SMAD2, at specific linker region residues leading to inhibition of the growth suppressor, myostatin. In human skeletal muscle, this JNK/SMAD signaling axis is activated by resistance exercise, but not endurance exercise. We conclude that JNK acts as a key mediator of muscle remodeling during exercise via regulation of myostatin/SMAD signaling.
Cysteine-mediated decyanation of vitamin B12 by the predicted membrane transporter BtuM
Authors: Rempel S. , Colucci E. , de Gier J. W. , Guskov A. , Slotboom D. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUptake of vitamin B12 is essential for many prokaryotes, but in most cases the membrane proteins involved are yet to be identified. We present the biochemical characterization and high-resolution crystal structure of BtuM, a predicted bacterial vitamin B12 uptake system. BtuM binds vitamin B12 in its base-off conformation, with a cysteine residue as axial ligand of the corrin cobalt ion. Spectroscopic analysis indicates that the unusual thiolate coordination allows for decyanation of vitamin B12. Chemical modification of the substrate is a property other characterized vitamin B12-transport proteins do not exhibit.
Interleukin-2 induces the in vitro maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids
Authors: Jung Kwang Bo , Lee Hana , Son Ye Seul , Lee Mi-Ok , Kim Young-Dae , Oh Soo Jin , Kwon Ohman , Cho Sunwha , Cho Hyun-Soo , Kim Dae-Soo , Oh Jung-Hwa , Zilbauer Matthias , Min Jeong-Ki , Jung Cho-Rok , Kim Janghwan , Son Mi-Young 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived intestinal organoids (hIOs) form 3D structures organized into crypt and villus domains, making them an excellent in vitro model system for studying human intestinal development and disease. However, hPSC-derived hIOs still require in vivo maturation to fully recapitulate adult intestine, with the mechanism of maturation remaining elusive. Here, we show that the co-culture with human T lymphocytes induce the in vitro maturation of hIOs, and identify STAT3-activating interleukin-2 (IL-2) as the major factor inducing maturation. hIOs exposed to IL-2 closely mimic the adult intestinal epithelium and have comparable expression levels of mature intestinal markers, as well as increased intestine-specific functional activities. Even after in vivo engraftment, in vitro-matured hIOs retain their maturation status. The results of our study demonstrate that STAT3 signaling can induce the maturation of hIOs in vitro, thereby circumventing the need for animal models and in vivo maturation.
Wildfire as a major driver of recent permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands
Authors: Gibson Carolyn M. , Chasmer Laura E. , Thompson Dan K. , Quinton William L. , Flannigan Mike D. , Olefeldt David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPermafrost vulnerability to climate change may be underestimated unless effects of wildfire are considered. Here we assess impacts of wildfire on soil thermal regime and rate of thermokarst bog expansion resulting from complete permafrost thaw in western Canadian permafrost peatlands. Effects of wildfire on permafrost peatlands last for 30 years and include a warmer and deeper active layer, and spatial expansion of continuously thawed soil layers (taliks). These impacts on the soil thermal regime are associated with a tripled rate of thermokarst bog expansion along permafrost edges. Our results suggest that wildfire is directly responsible for 2200 ± 1500 km2 (95% CI) of thermokarst bog development in the study region over the last 30 years, representing ~25% of all thermokarst bog expansion during this period. With increasing fire frequency under a warming climate, this study emphasizes the need to consider wildfires when projecting future circumpolar permafrost thaw.
Cross-reactive Dengue virus-specific CD8+ T cells protect against Zika virus during pregnancy
Authors: Regla-Nava Jose Angel , Elong Ngono Annie , Viramontes Karla M. , Huynh Anh-Thy , Wang Ying-Ting , Nguyen Anh-Viet T. , Salgado Rebecca , Mamidi Anila , Kim Kenneth , Diamond Michael S. , Shresta Sujan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs Zika virus (ZIKV) emerges into Dengue virus (DENV)-endemic areas, cases of ZIKV infection in DENV-immune pregnant women may rise. Here we show that prior DENV immunity affects maternal and fetal ZIKV infection in pregnancy using sequential DENV and ZIKV infection models. Fetuses in ZIKV-infected DENV-immune dams were normal sized, whereas fetal demise occurred in non-immune dams. Moreover, reduced ZIKV RNA is present in the placenta and fetuses of ZIKV-infected DENV-immune dams. DENV cross-reactive CD8+ T cells expand in the maternal spleen and decidua of ZIKV-infected dams, their depletion increases ZIKV infection in the placenta and fetus, and results in fetal demise. The inducement of cross-reactive CD8+ T cells via peptide immunization or adoptive transfer results in decreased ZIKV infection in the placenta. Prior DENV immunity can protect against ZIKV infection during pregnancy in mice, and CD8+ T cells are sufficient for this cross-protection. This has implications for understanding the natural history of ZIKV in DENV-endemic areas and the development of optimal ZIKV vaccines.
Sensor-regulator and RNAi based bifunctional dynamic control network for engineered microbial synthesis
Authors: Yang Yaping , Lin Yuheng , Wang Jian , Wu Yifei , Zhang Ruihua , Cheng Mengyin , Shen Xiaolin , Wang Jia , Chen Zhenya , Li Chenyi , Yuan Qipeng , Yan Yajun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWriting artificial logic and dynamic function into complex cellular background to achieve desired phenotypes or improved outputs calls for the development of new genetic tools as well as their innovative use. In this study, we present a sensor-regulator and RNAi-based bifunctional dynamic control network that can provide simultaneous upregulation and downregulation of cellular metabolism for engineered biosynthesis. The promoter-regulator-mediated upregulation function and its transduced downregulation function through RNAi are systematically verified and characterized. We apply this dynamic control network to regulate the phosphoenolpyruvate metabolic node in Escherichia coli and achieve autonomous distribution of carbon flux between its native metabolism and the engineered muconic acid biosynthetic pathway. This allows muconic acid biosynthesis to reach 1.8 g L−1. This study also suggests the circumstances where dynamic control approaches are likely to take effects.
An isolable catenane consisting of two Möbius conjugated nanohoops
Authors: Fan Yang-Yang , Chen Dandan , Huang Ze-Ao , Zhu Jun , Tung Chen-Ho , Wu Li-Zhu , Cong Huan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBesides its mathematical importance, the Möbius topology (twisted, single-sided strip) is intriguing at the molecular level, as it features structural elegance and distinct properties; however, it carries synthetic challenges. Although some Möbius-type molecules have been isolated by synthetic chemists accompanied by extensive computational studies, the design, preparation, and characterization of stable Möbius-conjugated molecules remain a nontrivial task to date, let alone that of molecular Möbius strips assembling into more complex topologies. Here we report the efficient synthesis, crystal structure, and theoretical study of a catenane consisting of two fully conjugated nanohoops exhibiting Möbius topology in the solid state. This work highlights that oligoparaphenylene-derived nanohoops, a family of highly warped and synthetically challenging conjugated macrocycles, can not only serve as building blocks for interlocked supermolecular structures, but also represent a new class of compounds with isolable Möbius conformations stabilized by non-covalent interactions.
De novo human genome assemblies reveal spectrum of alternative haplotypes in diverse populations
Authors: Wong Karen H. Y. , Levy-Sakin Michal , Kwok Pui-Yan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe human reference genome is used extensively in modern biological research. However, a single consensus representation is inadequate to provide a universal reference structure because it is a haplotype among many in the human population. Using 10× Genomics (10×G) “Linked-Read” technology, we perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) and de novo assembly on 17 individuals across five populations. We identify 1842 breakpoint-resolved non-reference unique insertions (NUIs) that, in aggregate, add up to 2.1 Mb of so far undescribed genomic content. Among these, 64% are considered ancestral to humans since they are found in non-human primate genomes. Furthermore, 37% of the NUIs can be found in the human transcriptome and 14% likely arose from Alu-recombination-mediated deletion. Our results underline the need of a set of human reference genomes that includes a comprehensive list of alternative haplotypes to depict the complete spectrum of genetic diversity across populations.