bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of differences in health indicators between efficient and inefficient countries
Authors: Yesilaydin Gozde 
Published: January 2019

Objective: This study determined whether there is a statistically significant difference between efficient and inefficient Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries in terms of health indicators using fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA).
Methods: In the study, FDEA was performed with three input variables directly affecting health, four environmental factors considered to indirectly affect health, and two output variables. Literature research was used to determine appropriate variables. In FDEA, three different α-cut levels were used. The hypotheses regarding whether there was a statistically significant difference between efficient and inefficient countries in input and output variables were tested for all α-cut levels of upper bound efficiency values.
Results: In terms of health indicators, 17 countries were efficient at α-cut 0 and 0.5. At α-cut 1, 18 countries were efficient. There was only a statistically significant difference between the efficient and inefficient countries in “the number of physicians.”
Conclusion: This study shows the number of physicians was the most important determinant affecting the efficiency of a country’s healthcare system. Inefficient countries had a greater mean for number of physicians. Thus, inefficient countries consume more resources than efficient ones.
How to cite this:Yesilaydin G. Examination of differences in health indicators between efficient and inefficient countries. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):172-176. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.255
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Impact of an educational intervention on breastfeeding behaviour among pregnant women
Authors: Jeihooni Ali Khani , Kashfi Seyyed Mansour , Harsini Pooyan Afzali 
Published: January 2019

Background Interventions to support, promote and increase breastfeeding rates are of significant importance. Interventions based on health education and health promotion theories on breastfeeding refer to those providing real and technical information on breastfeeding for special purpose groups in the community. Aims To survey the application of theory of planned behaviour in breastfeeding behaviour among pregnant women in Fasa City, Iran. Methods A quasi-experimental research design was used with 100 women at 30–34 weeks' gestational age. The intervention consisted of seven training sessions, and behaviours were evaluated before and 40 days after postpartum. A questionnaire consisting of demographic information, knowledge and theory of planned behaviour constructs (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intention) was used to measure breastfeeding behaviour. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings Post-intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in the knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, intention and breastfeeding behaviour. Conclusions This study showed the effectiveness of the intervention based on the theory of planned behaviour constructs in adoption of breastfeeding behaviour post-intervention in women.
Strategies used to cope with stress by emergency and critical care nurses
Authors: Isa Karmila Qarima , Ibrahim Muhammad Adib , Abdul-Manan Hjh-Hartini , Mohd-Salleh Zainatul-Ashiqin H , Abdul-Mumin Khadizah H , Rahman Hanif Abdul 
Published: January 2019

Background: developing coping strategies to use in stressful situations is an essential nursing skill. Prolonged and constant stress is harmful to nurses' health and leads to organisational inefficiency, high staff turnover and decreased job satisfaction. Aim: to identify nurses' stress coping strategies and determine the relationship between coping strategies and sociodemographic factors. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was undertaken at an emergency department and critical care units at the largest referral hospital in Brunei. Results: problem-solving and positive reappraisal were the predominant positive coping strategies identified. Those working in medical intensive care employed escape-avoidance behaviours more frequently. Married participants exhibited higher levels of confrontative coping behaviours. Conclusion: to the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to examine job-stress coping strategies among nurses in Brunei. The authors examined the different strategies and the poor health outcomes associated with using negative coping styles. Future stress management interventions should target staff who employ negative coping strategies to promote positive strategies, enabling them to provide better quality care.
FORAMINIFERA ASSEMBLAGES AS A MARKER OF MUD ERUPTION SOURCE IN CIUYAH, CINIRU – KUNINGAN, WEST JAVA
Authors: Isnaniawardhani Vijaya , Muhamadsyah Faizal , Sudrajat Adjat 
Published: January 2019

Mud eruptions that rise claystone to sandstone-size fragments, liquid, gas, and heat to the surface have been identified in Ciuyah, Ciniru District, Kuningan. Field observation and sampling were conducted on host rock as well as mud in Ciuyah. Forty-two planktic and forty-two benthic foraminiferal species were identified in rock samples; while 89.28% of them are recorded in mud samples. Foraminifera contained in claystone and sandstone of Pemali and Halang Formations reveals the age of Middle to Late Miocene. Based on their stratigraphic ranges, planktic foraminifera assemblages in mud represent four age-marker groups, there are: older than Zone N.10 / Middle Miocene (indicated by the appearance of Globorotalia archeomenardii), ranges of Zone N.11 – N.12 / Middle Miocene (marked by the appearance of Globorotalia fohsi lobata and Globorotalia praemenardii), ranges of Zone N.13–N.14 / Middle Miocene (Globorotalia siakensis and Globorotalia mayeri), and ranges of Zone N.15–N.17 / Late Miocene (Globorotalia acostaensis acostaensis and Neogloboquadrina dutertrei dutertrei). Benthic foraminifera can be grouped into outer neritic and bathyal typical assemblages. That several age-marker planktic foraminifera groups mixing and deep marine typical benthic occurrence in mud samples is produced by reworking process during turbidity sedimentation, as well as erosion and elution of base- and side-rock composed by Pemali and Halang Formations.Semburan lumpur yang membawa fragmen-fragmen berukuran batulempung hingga batupasir, cairan, gas dan panas ke permukaan telah teridentifikasi di Ciuyah, Kecamatan Ciniru, Kuningan. Observasi lapangan dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan terhadap batuan induk serta lumpur di Ciuyah dan sekitarnya. Empat puluh dua spesies foraminifera planktik dan empat puluh dua spesies bentik teridentifikasi dalam sampel batuan; dengan 89,28% di antaranya terekam dalam sampel lumpur. Foraminifera yang terkandung dalam batulempung dan batupasir Formasi Pemali dan Halang menunjukkan umur Miosen Tengah hingga Akhir. Berdasarkan rentang stratigrafinya, kumpulan foraminifera planktik dalam lumpur menunjukkan empat kelompok penanda umur, yaitu: lebih tua dari Zona N.10 / Miosen Tengah (ditunjukkan oleh kehadiran Globorotalia archeomenardii), rentang Zona N.11 - N.12 / Miosen Tengah (ditandai oleh kehadiran Globorotalia fohsi lobata dan Globorotalia praemenardii), rentang Zona N.13 -N.14 / Miosen Tengah (Globorotalia siakensis dan Globorotalia mayeri), dan rentang Zona N.15 - N.17 / Miosen Akhir (Globorotalia acostaensis acostaensis dan Neogloboquadrina dutertrei dutertrei). Foraminifera bentik dapat dikelompokkan dalam kumpulan neritik luar dan batial. Beberapa kelompok penanda umur foraminifera planktik dan kehadiran bentik laut dalam pada lumpur dihasilkan oleh pengerjaan ulang selama sedimentasi turbidit, serta erosi dan elusi batuan dasar dan batuan samping yang tersusun oleh Formasi Pemali dan Halang.
Early 21st-century Serbian exploitation cinema
Authors: Pająk Patrycjusz 
Published: January 2019

Exploitation films are one of the main trends of the Serbian cinema of the beginning of the 21st century, when Serbia enters the second phase of systemic transformation, striving to neutralize the effects of the crisis in the first phase of transformation – towards the end of the 20th century – due to the authoritarian policy of Slobodan Milošević and Yugoslav wars. This non-film context allows better understanding of the phenomenon of these films, which in many respects are a continuation of the cinema of self-balkanization cultivated in the 1990s, and at the same time differ from it, because they do not offer a compromise with difficult transformational reality, but express the need to release the social trauma born of experience of political violence in the Milošević era.
The trouble of gender sin in post-Yugoslav film – in the name of the father
Authors: Bogojević Maja 
Published: January 2019

Post-Yugoslav film art is, similarly to Yugoslav cinema, exemplary of masculine cultural domination, approaching socio-national themes in a highly gendered mode and reflecting a return to patriarchy, more brutal than that during the existence of Yugoslavia. A new generation of cinéasts explores, with a backlash mixture of contempt and compassion, the themes of violence, displaying a new assault on female emancipation, which seemed to be in line with the socio-political context of rising nationalist movements that led to the bloody events of the Yugoslav war in 1991. The female character is re-located to a place traditionally assigned to women not as the subject of narrative or discourse, but as the object of love and/or hatred by a masculine subject. The films chosen to be analysed here are full-length auteur feature films – Virgina, Grbavica, Djeca, Bure baruta, with a specific focus on the work by Danis Tanović – are not representative of post-Yugoslav cinema, but as rare exceptions demonstrate that, contrary to the dominant post-Yugoslav public opinion, both the Yugoslav wars and post-war traumatic realities remain cinematically unexplored.
Poetyka grozy. Wykorzystanie konwencji gatunkowej horroru w grach cyfrowych
Authors: Sikorska Joanna 
Published: January 2019

The aim of the article is to illustrate the using of the horror’s convention in video games and to indicate the way of reinterpretation this convention in the digital medium. In the first part of the work the author presents ways of spaces’ arrangement in survival horror. The analysis of mise-en-scene, including non-interactive cut-scenes, revealed in which ways video games refer to the film genres. In the second part of the work the author analyzes the category of the suspense in the digital medium, taking audial and visual aspects of video game into consideration.
Improving reliability and latency of Wireless Sensor Networks using Concurrent Transmissions
Authors: Escobar-Molero Antonio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Concurrent Transmissions (CT) based flooding appears as a highly reliable and low latency mechanism to achieve source-to-sink communication of packets within a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). CT are usually misunderstood, since they are mainly analyzed in the baseband domain. A comprehensive analysis, including the effects of the carrier, demonstrates that they cannot work in simple phase-modulated communication systems due to the beating effect. In contrast, non-coherent frequency receivers offer a very robust behavior. CT applicability in IEEE 802.15.4 is mainly because of two factors: transmissions are usually demodulated as non-coherent MSK (as opposed to coherent OQPSK) and the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), that helps minimizing the error rate.
Investigating the relationship between Islamic lifestyle and general health in adolescents
Authors: Mohamadian Fathola , Faryadi Mohammad Hosein , Borji Milad 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Islamic lifestyle refers to a way of life, whose main source is extracted from the divine book and is done in accordance with the divine rules. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between lifestyle and general health of adolescents.

Materials and methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2016 on 416 secondary school students in the city of Ilam. Sampling method was that Ilam city was divided into five clusters based on geographic area and two schools were included in the study from each cluster. Data were collected using an Islamic life style questionnaire and a general health questionnaire and they were analyzed using descriptive statistics tests and SPSS16 software.

Results
The findings showed that the mean SD of total score of Islamic lifestyle and general health was 162.48 (30.54) and 25.55 (11.13), respectively. In the classification of general health scores of adolescents, it was shown that 249 (59.9%) students had desirable general health; 165 (39.7%) of them had good general health and 2 (0.5%) of them had unfavorable general health. There was also a positive and significant relationship between Islamic lifestyle and general health (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Considering the existence of the relationship between Islamic lifestyle and general health of adolescents, it is necessary to provide the needed context to increase their general health by maintaining and improving the Islamic lifestyle of adolescents.
Erfahrung und Erwartung – eine vernachlässigte wirtschaftshistorische Perspektive?
Authors: Jakob Mark , Nützenadel Alexander , Streb Jochen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The DFG Priority Programme “Experience and Expectation – Historical Foundations of Economic Behaviour” explores how economic actors form their expectations under certain historical conditions. This project’s main hypothesis is that the formation of economic expectations is a complex process that cannot be explained solely by simple concepts such as adaptive or rational expectations, and is shaped by historical events and experience. In this introduction, we review the state of the art of modelling expectation formation in social sciences and history and preview the main findings of the articles published in this special issue.
Marktprognosen im Interesse der Strukturpolitik
Authors: Pahlow Louis , Rassow Verena 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper focuses on the forming of expectations by regulatory authorities in the case of merger control after 1973, when the German legislator stipulated a decision by its officials on future competition in relevant markets. The regulatory and decision-making behavior of officials is analyzed on the basis of selected merger procedures in the chemical industry, which underwent far-reaching structural change in the 1970s and 1980s. Here, institutionalization processes for overcoming information asymmetries and the formation of market expectations can be diagnosed inside the office as well as inside the firms. Adaptive expectations with regard to current market diagnoses and legal assumptions (“Vermutungstatbestände”) play a significant role for their forecast decisions. The study is based on previously unpublished files of the Federal Cartel Office.
Kinderwunsch im Krieg: Kriegserfahrung und Fertilität in Deutschland im Zweiten Weltkrieg
Authors: Piro Katerina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Does the experience of war necessarily lead to lower fertility and the postponement of starting or enlarging a family? This qualitative analysis verifies the economic and sociological theories of family planning during war. The excellent source material from World War II in Germany allows for an analysis of a large number of ego-documents. The results imply that married couples were aware of the difficult circumstances and dealt with increased infertility, miscarriages and infant mortality. However, they did not let adversity interfere with their generative decisions. The experience of war did not deter people from planning, starting or building a family. It appears that during wartime, children fulfilled important psychological values for their (prospective) parents.
Tense Switching in English Narratives: an FDG Perspective
Authors: Muñoz Carmen Portero 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The functions of the simple past and the present perfect appear to be well delimited in English according to prescriptive grammars. However, in actual use their distribution is still a challenging area of English linguistics since there are fuzzy cases in which this distinction is blurred. For example, in some varieties of English the present perfect seems to be taking over the role of the simple past to express definite past in narratives, where the simple past is the default tense. In these cases, the use of the present perfect has been regarded to be functionally motivated by the speaker’s intention to highlight the current relevance of the event expressed by this form (Ritz, 2010, Walker, 2011). The main objective of this research will be to use the results of corpus analysis and of the relevant studies on this topic and to propose an FDG analysis of these data. It will be concluded that the use of the present perfect in narratives has various functions captured at two different levels of the architecture of FDG, namely the Representational Level (RL) and the Interpersonal Level (IL). At the RL, the present perfect functions either as a marker of resultative aspect, or as a signal that a new narrative Episode is introduced. At IL, this form functions as a device for Emphasis, highlighting a salient passage in the narrative.
Two Notes on the Text of Pollux X 1.1‒5 Bethe
Authors: Tribulato Olga 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The tenth prefatory letter of Pollux’ Onomasticon transmits two otherwise unattested pieces of information concerning the existence of an anonymous commentary on Xenophon and of a treatise by Eratosthenes of Cyrene entitled Σκευογραφικός. The corrupt state of the text in the manuscript tradition, which the standard edition by E. Bethe has not improved, has so far hindered the full understanding of this passage. This article (a) argues that two corrections should be introduced in 10.2–3 Bethe; (b) suggests that the anonymous commentary on Xenophon quoted by Pollux concerned not only the Περὶ ἱππικῆς, as traditionally assumed, but also the Ἱππαρχικός; and (c) re-examines the evidence supporting the hypothesis that Eratosthenes’ Σκευογραφικός was not part of the better-known Περὶ τῆς ἀρχαίας κωμῳδίας, but an independent work.
The “Moscow signal” epidemiological study, 40 years on
Authors: Martínez Jose A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Between 1953 and 1979, the USSR irradiated the United States embassy in Moscow with microwaves. This episode, a classic Cold War affair, has acquired enormous importance in the discussions on the effect of non-ionizing radiation on people’s health. In 2011, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as being a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B), but the results of recent laboratory and epidemiological studies have led some researchers to conclude that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields should be reclassified as a human carcinogen instead of merely a possible human carcinogen. In 1978, the “Moscow signal” case was officially closed after the publication of the epidemiological study of (Lilienfeld AM, Tonascia J, Tonascia S, Libauer CA, Cauthen GM. Foreign Service health status study. Evaluation of health status of foreign service and other employees from selected Eastern European posts. Report on Foreign Service Health Status Study, U.S. Department of State 6025-619073, 1978.), showing no apparent evidence of increased mortality rates and limited evidence regarding general health status. However, several loose ends still remain with respect to this epidemiological study, as well as the affair as a whole. In this paper, we summarize the available evidence concerning this case, paying special attention to the epidemiological study of Lilienfeld et al. After reviewing the available literature (including declassified documents), and after some additional statistical analyses, we provide new insights which do not complete the puzzle, but which may help to better understand it.
Immobilization and some application of α-amylase purified from Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 strain ZB-34
Authors: Uzun Umit , Yildirim Akatin Melike 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Aim of the study was to immobilize the α-amylase produced earlier from the mesophilic fungus Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 strain ZB-34 by solid-state fermentation and investigate the suitability of immobilized enzymes for some industries.

Materials and methods
A novel α-amylase from R. solani AG-4 strain ZB-34 was immobilized in chitosan by covalent binding and Ca-alginate by entrapment.

Results
The efficiency of chitosan and Ca-alginate immobilization was 67.9% and 59.6%, respectively. The immobilized enzymes showed the highest activity in the presence of starch. Optimum values for chitosan and Ca-alginate immobilized enzymes were pH 4.50 and 40°C and pH 5.50 and 60°C, respectively. It was found that immobilized enzymes were highly stable in terms of thermal and pH stabilities. When the chitosan immobilized enzyme was used with detergents, chocolate stains on dirty laundry was better cleaned. Chitosan immobilized R. solani AG-4 strain ZB-34 α-amylase was found to have a higher desizing effect at 40°C in tap water. As a result of Ca-alginate immobilization, the enzyme clarified apple juice more than the free enzyme.

Conclusion
The results showed that immobilized enzymes might have potential applications in industry. This is the first report immobilizing an α-amylase produced from the fungus R. solani.
Monitoring Training Load and Perceived Recovery in Female Basketball: Implications for Training Design
Authors: Sansone Pierpaolo , Tschan Harald , Foster Carl , Tessitore Antonio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Sansone, P, Tschan, H, Foster, C, and Tessitore, A. Monitoring training load and perceived recovery in female basketball: Implications for training design. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2929–2936, 2020—This study investigated the relationship between internal training load and perceived recovery of semi-professional female basketball players during the competitive season. Eleven female players were monitored for 14 weeks during the in-season phase. For each event (training and game), data were collected as follows: (a) Total Quality Recovery (TQR) score before the event (TQRpre); (b) session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) 20 minutes after completion of the event, to calculate training load (s-TL) of the event; and (c) TQR scores 12 (TQRpost12) and 24 hours (TQRpost24) after the event. Data were analyzed for daily, weekly, and mesocycle (regular season; regional play-off; and national play-off) time frames. Daily analysis showed that: TQRpost12 was lower than TQRpre (p < 0.001) and TQRpost24 (p < 0.001); s-TL had a moderate negative correlation with TQRpost12 (r = −0.48, p = 0.002); the difference between TQRpre and RPE (TS-Δ) had a very large positive correlation with TQRpost12 (r = 0.70, p < 0.001); and TQRpost24 was not significantly correlated with training parameters. Weekly analysis highlighted a very large negative correlation between the acute:chronic workload ratio and TQR collected at the start of the following week (TQRfw) (r = −0.86, p < 0.001). Finally, although weekly TL and TQRfw did not differ between mesocycles, their correlation increased in the later seasonal phases. This study demonstrated negative relationships between training load and recovery of semi-professional female basketball players at daily, weekly, and mesocycle levels. Therefore, concurrently monitoring training and recovery with the sRPE method and TQR scale is recommended for designing training schedules in basketball.