bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downscaling of agricultural market impacts under bioeconomy development to the regional and the farm level—An example of Baden‐Wuerttemberg
Authors: Petig Eckart , Choi Hyung Sik , Angenendt Elisabeth , Kremer Pascal , Grethe Harald , Bahrs Enno 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe expansion of the bioeconomy sector will increase the competition for agricultural land regarding biomass production. Furthermore, the particular path of the expansion of the bioeconomy is associated with great uncertainty due to the early stage of technology development and its dependency on political framework conditions. Economic models are suitable tools to identify trade‐offs in agricultural production and address the high uncertainty of the bioeconomy expansion. We present results from the farm model Economic Farm Emission Model of four bioeconomy scenarios in order to evaluate impacts and trade‐offs of different potential bioeconomy developments and the corresponding uncertainty at regional and farm level in Baden‐Wuerttemberg, Germany. The demand‐side effects of the bioeconomy scenarios are based on downscaling European Union level results of a separate model linkage between an agricultural sector and an energy sector model. The general model results show that the expanded use of agricultural land for the bioeconomy sector, especially for the cultivation of perennial biomass crops (PBC), reduces biomass production for established value chains, especially for food and feed. The results also show differences between regions and farm types in Baden‐Wuerttemberg. Fertile arable regions and arable farms profit more from the expanded use of biomass in the bioeconomy than farms that focus on cattle farming. Latter farms use the arable land to produce feed for the cattle, whereas arable farms can expand feedstock production for new value chains. Additionally, less intensive production systems like extensive grassland suffer from economic losses, whereas the competition in fertile regions further increases. Hence, if the extensive production systems are to be preserved, appropriate subsidies must be provided. This emphasizes the relevance of downscaling aggregated model results to higher spatial resolution, even as far as to the decision maker (farm), to identify possible contradicting effects of the bioeconomy as well as policy implications.
Ecology and conservation of the British Swallowtail butterfly,Papilio machaon britannicus: old questions, new challenges and potential opportunities
Authors: Collins N. Mark , Barkham Patrick J. , Blencowe Michael , Brazil Andrew , Kelly Andrea , Oldfield Sara , Strudwick Tim , Vane‐Wright Richard I. , Stewart Alan J.A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe British Swallowtail,Papilio machaon britannicus, is an iconic flagship for its unique but now restricted and fragmented fenland ecosystem in the UK's Norfolk Broads.Occurrence in 1 km2recording squares fell by 56% over the period of 1974–2014 and by 13% in 2005–2014, but the breeding populations, mainly confined to reserves, have increased in size.Climate change‐induced sea‐level rise and consequent seawater incursion into the Norfolk Broads represent a significant existential threat to the butterfly.Translocation to more secure fenland sites is recommended; several are being restored or recreated through stakeholder partnerships in East Anglia and Somerset.Well‐researched introduction and management of the foodplant, Milk‐parsley, is essential for such translocations to succeed.A better understanding is needed of the genetic structuring of the British Swallowtail populations using modern sequencing technologies, in particular to elucidate the significance of gene flow in relation to the viability of introductions to small or isolated sites.In a species in which hybridisation is commonplace across the Holarctic, the continued influx and future spread in Britain of the continental subspeciesPapilio machaon gorganusmay present a threat to the genetic integrity of subspeciesbritannicus, despite their differences in habitat and larval foodplants.
A single‐institution retrospective evaluation of Mohs incision angles and histopathologic specimen quality
Authors: Yu Sherry H. , Olbricht Suzanne M. , Tiger Jeffrey B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally, Mohs layers are excised using a beveled incision to facilitate tissue flattening for tangential sectioning. Some surgeons perform non‐beveled incisions; however, these specimens may be harder for the histotechnician to process. Limited data exist comparing slide quality between these techniques.MethodsRetrospective review of cases performed by two Mohs surgeons (surgeon 1 = non‐beveled incision; surgeon 2 = beveled incision) using different incision angles between June 2014 and December 2016. Daily histopathologic slide quality assessment scores (maximum score = 5, minimum score = 1) of the day's first case were compared.ResultsAbout 536 slides (surgeon 1 = 277, surgeon 2 = 259) were evaluated from 2,825 cases. Mean quality assessment scores were similar between surgeons (4.89 and 4.86; P = 0.31) with missing or folded epidermis being the most commonly reported issue for both surgeons.ConclusionSimilar slide quality can be achieved via both beveled and non‐beveled Mohs cutting angles. While more relaxing incisions may be necessary to optimize tissue flattening with non‐beveled incisions, there is no associated increased loss of epidermal margins. The potential benefits of non‐beveled incisions, such as minimizing tangentially cut adnexal structures and creating vertical wound edges optimized for repair, may offer an alternative technique with positive clinical implications.
Synergistic antimicrobial effect of lactocin AL705 and nisin combined with organic acid salts against Listeria innocua 7 in broth and a hard cheese
Authors: Verdi María Clara , Melian Constanza , Castellano Patricia , Vignolo Graciela , Blanco Massani Mariana 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe effectiveness of antimicrobial mixtures against Listeria innocua 7, used as a L. monocytogenes surrogate, was investigated in broth and a food system. Synergistic effects were found for nisin (Nis), potassium sorbate (PS), calcium propionate (CP) and sodium lactate (SL), Nis + PS being the most effective binary mixture that exhibited listericidal activity in broth. To assess the effect of adding lactocin AL705 (AL705) to Nis + organic acid salt combinations, tridimensional isobolograms were generated. Sub‐MIC combinations of the antimicrobials exerted bactericidal activity against L. innocua 7 after AL705 addition to the binary mixtures. However, when applied on Sardo cheese contaminated with L. innocua 7 (initial inoculum 4.45 ± 0.06 CFU g−1), only Nis + PS + AL705 produced count reductions respect to the control, reaching 3.04 ± 0.35 CFU g−1 counts after 15 days at 15 °C. Ternary combinations containing AL705 showed potential to reduce antimicrobial usages for L. innocua 7 inhibition.
Changes in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity between 2010 and 2017 in preschoolers: A population‐based study
Authors: Ball Geoff D.C. , Savu Anamaria , Kaul Padma 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWe evaluated changes in overweight, obesity, and severe obesity in a population of 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds from 2010 to 2017. Anthropometric data were collected during children's preschool immunization visits in Edmonton and Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Body mass index (BMI), BMI z scores, and weight status categories were based on the World Health Organization criteria. Across 8 years, we examined population‐level data from 161 114 children in which the prevalence of overweight (17.8%‐15.7%; P < .001) and obesity (4.7%‐4.2%; .004) decreased, while severe obesity (2.4%‐2.2%; .3) remained unchanged. Overweight decreased in both boys (19.2%‐16.8%; P < .0001) and girls (16.4%‐14.6%; .003); obesity decreased in boys (5.3%‐4.4%; .005), but not girls (4.1%‐3.9%; .2). Severe obesity was stable in both sexes. Annual household income and breast feeding had positive, but variable moderating effects on overweight and obesity exclusively. Overall, reductions in overweight and obesity were positive findings, but targeted strategies are needed to reduce severe obesity in preschoolers.
Functionally significant metabolic differences between B and T lymphocyte lineages
Authors: Khalsa Jasneet Kaur , Chawla Amanpreet Singh , Prabhu Savit B. , Vats Mukti , Dhar Atika , Dev Gagan , Das Nabanita , Mukherjee Sandip , Tanwar Shalini , Banerjee Hridesh , Durdik Jeannine Marie , Bal Vineeta , George Anna , Rath Satyajit , Arimbasseri Gopalakrishnan Aneeshkumar 
Published: July 2019

SummaryActivation of B and T lymphocytes leads to major remodelling of the metabolic landscape of the cells enabling their post‐activation functions. However, naive B and T lymphocytes also show metabolic differences, and the genesis, nature and functional significance of these differences are not yet well understood. Here we show that resting B‐cells appeared to have lower energy demands than resting T‐cells as they consumed lower levels of glucose and fatty acids and produced less ATP. Resting B‐cells are more dependent on OXPHOS, while T‐cells show more dependence on aerobic glycolysis. However, despite an apparently higher energy demand, T lineage cells showed lower rates of protein synthesis than equivalent B lineage stages. These metabolic differences between the two lineages were established early during lineage differentiation, and were functionally significant. Higher levels of protein synthesis in B‐cells were associated with increased synthesis of MHC class II molecules and other proteins associated with antigen internalization, transport and presentation. The combination of higher energy demand and lower protein synthesis in T‐cells was consistent with their higher ATP‐dependent motility. Our data provide an integrated perspective of the metabolic differences and their functional implications between the B and T lymphocyte lineages.
Nurses' attitudes and emotions toward caring for adults with intellectual disabilities: Results of a cross‐sectional, correlational‐predictive research study
Authors: Desroches Melissa L. , Sethares Kristen A. , Curtin Carol , Chung Joohyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundNegative healthcare provider attitudes may contribute to healthcare disparities in adults with intellectual disabilities. This study identified predictors of nurses' attitudes and emotions toward caring for adults with intellectual disabilities in the United States.MethodA convenience sample of 248 nurses was used to collect nurses' attitudes and emotions toward caring for adults with intellectual disabilities (Adapted Caring for Adults with Disabilities Questionnaire) and quality of life beliefs (Prognostic Beliefs Scale).ResultsOverall, nurses held less positive attitudes toward caring for an adult with intellectual disability versus a physical disability. Intellectual disability nurses held more positive attitudes and emotions and less negative emotions than non‐intellectual disability nurses. Quality of life beliefs predicted nurse attitude, positive emotions and negative emotions. The number of adults with intellectual disabilities cared for during the nurse's career predicted negative emotions.ConclusionsFuture interventions should focus on improving nurses' understanding of the quality of life of adults with intellectual disabilities.
The double‐edged sword of vulnerability: Explaining the persistent challenges for practitioners in supporting parents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: MacIntyre Gillian , Stewart Ailsa , McGregor Sharon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that parents with intellectual disabilities can be “good enough” parents with appropriate support that focuses on the whole family. This paper brings together theories of vulnerability with an ethics of care approach to reflect on challenges for practitioners in supporting parents, drawing upon data from a study carried out in Scotland.MethodAn online survey was administered to practitioners in three settings, and follow‐up interviews were carried out with key informants.ResultsPockets of good practice existed but a number of barriers to supporting families remained. These related to a lack of accessible information, difficulties in identifying and engaging with families at an early stage and poor joint working across agencies.ConclusionThe study concludes by arguing that practitioners' constructions of families as “vulnerable” reflects negatively on their perceived capacity to parent, creating further barriers in accessing appropriate support and reducing expectations of success.
Lizards in the mist: Thermal niches constrained by habitat and microclimates in the Andes of southern Bolivia
Authors: Jiménez‐Robles Octavio , De la Riva Ignacio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo understand how the activity budgets of ectotherms vary in mountain areas with high microclimatic and habitat heterogeneity, and how these factors together with habitat modulate the assemblage of ectotherm communities.LocationTajzara Basin, Cordillera de Sama (3,600–4,300 m a.s.l.), Department of Tarija, Bolivia.TaxonFour lizard species of the genus Liolaemus.MethodsAfter parameterizing the thermal physiology of each species and recording operative temperature time series with dataloggers, we calculated activity budgets for every species across 30 sampling sites. By multimodel inference we evaluated how activity budgets varied across the topography. We also assessed how abundances of each species were predicted by activity budgets, restriction time, temperature deviation, habitat covers and exposure to cold microclimate.ResultsActivity budgets were not only influenced by elevation but also by the exposure to cold air that comes through saddles from the eastern side of the mountain divide. Although thermal physiological parameters were relatively similar among the species, their abundances were conditioned to different extents by activity budgets, habitat and microclimates.Main conclusionsThe abundance and distribution of each species across these lizard communities reflect the microclimatic heterogeneity originated by complex topography, which uncouples activity budgets from elevation. Only one species was confined to cold microclimate refugia with higher exposure to Föhn effect. Despite having a relatively similar thermal aspect of fundamental niches, lizards may differ in their realized niches by habitat selection. Habitat specialization could compromise the persistence of some species under global warming by reducing the dispersal possibilities to certain areas where population sustainability might be impaired in the long term. Understanding the heterogeneity of microclimates and habitats and the physiology of the species partially explains their distribution at local scale, and provides insights on how to best confront upcoming climate change effects.
Prediction of incident hypertension and arterial stiffness using the non–insulin‐based metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS‐IR) index
Authors: Bello‐Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen , Antonio‐Villa Neftali E. , Vargas‐Vázquez Arsenio , Martagón Alexandro J. , Mehta Roopa , Arellano‐Campos Olimpia , Gómez‐Velasco Donaji V. , Almeda‐Valdés Paloma , Cruz‐Bautista Ivette , Melgarejo‐Hernandez Marco A. , Muñoz‐Hernandez Liliana , Guillén Luz E. , Garduño‐García José de Jesús , Alvirde Ulices , Ono‐Yoshikawa Yukiko , Choza‐Romero Ricardo , Sauque‐Reyna Leobardo , Garay‐Sevilla Ma. Eugenia , Malacara‐Hernandez Juan M. , Tusié‐Luna María T. , Gutierrez‐Robledo Luis M. , Gómez‐Pérez Francisco J. , Rojas Rosalba , Aguilar‐Salinas Carlos A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHypertension is associated with insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MS), and arterial stiffness. Non–insulin‐based IR indexes were developed as tools for metabolic screening. Here, we aimed to evaluate the novel non–insulin‐based Metabolic Score for IR (METS‐IR) index for the prediction of incident hypertension and arterial stiffness evaluated using pulse wave velocity (PWV) analysis, compared with other non–insulin‐based IR indexes. We evaluated two populations, a cross‐sectional evaluation of high‐risk individuals (n = 305) with a wide range of metabolic comorbidities and dyslipidemia in whom PWV measurement was performed and a 3‐year prospective cohort of normotensive individuals (N = 6850). We observed a positive correlation between METS‐IR and PWV in the cross‐sectional cohort, which was higher compared with other non–insulin‐based fasting IR indexes; furthermore, PWV values >75th percentile were associated with the upper tercile of METS‐IR values. In the prospective cohort, we observed an increased risk for incident hypertension for the upper METS‐IR tercile (METS‐IR ≥ 46.42; HR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.41‐2.34), adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors, and observed that METS‐IR had greater increases in the predictive capacity for hypertension along with SBP and the Framingham Hypertension Risk Prediction Model compared with other non–insulin‐based IR indexes. Therefore, METS‐IR is a novel non–insulin‐based IR index which correlates with arterial stiffness and is a predictor of incident hypertension, complementary to previously validated risk prediction models.
Protein kinase C is involved in the neuroprotective effect of berberine against intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid‐induced biochemical alteration in mice
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Yinjie , Qi Xiaoxiao , Xu Jia , Liu Danyang , Ji Xuefei , Chi Tianyan , Liu Han , Zou Libo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC) shows a neuronal protection effect in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we test whether berberine has a positive effect on the activity of PKC in quinolinic acid (QA)‐induced neuronal cell death. We used intrastriatal injections of QA mice model to test the effect of berberine on motor and cognitive deficits, and the PKC signalling pathway. Treatment with 50 mg/kg b.w of berberine for 2 weeks significantly prevented QA‐induced motor and cognitive impairment and related pathologic changes in the brain. QA inhibited the phosphorylation of PKC and its downstream molecules, GSK‐3β, ERK and CREB, enhanced the glutamate level and release of neuroinflammatory cytokines; these effects were attenuated by berberine. We used in vivo infusion of Go6983, a PKC inhibitor to disturb PKC activity in mice brain, and found that the effect of berberine to reverse motor and cognitive deficits was significantly reduced. Moreover, inhibition of PKC also blocked the anti‐excitotoxicity effect of berberine, which is induced by glutamate in PC12 cells and BV2 cells, as well as anti‐neuroinflammatory effect in LPS‐stimulated BV2 cells. Above all, berberine showed neuroprotective effect against QA‐induced acute neurotoxicity by activating PKC and its downstream molecules.
Intra‐nodal nevi in sentinel node‐negative patients with cutaneous melanoma does not influence survival
Authors: de Beer F.S.A. , van Diest P.J. , Sigurdsson V. , El Sharouni M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMelanoma patients with intra‐nodal nevi (INN) and without melanoma metastasis in the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) are generally treated as patients with negative SLNB. However, diagnosis of INN may be difficult and nodal melanoma metastases may falsely be regarded as INN.ObjectivesOur aim was to evaluate the clinical significance of INN in the SLNB in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma on a nationwide level in The Netherlands by comparing survival between three groups: patients with INN and without nodal melanoma metastasis (INN group), patients without INN and without nodal melanoma metastasis (negative SLNB group) and patients with nodal melanoma metastasis irrespective of INN (positive SLNB group).MethodsData were obtained from ‘PALGA’, the Dutch Nationwide Network and Registry of Histopathology and Cytopathology, yielding a cohort of adults with histologically proven, primary, invasive cutaneous melanoma patients in The Netherlands diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 who underwent SLNB. Clinical and pathological variables were extracted from the pathology text files. Differences between patients with INN, negative SLNB and positive SLNB were analysed using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsA total of 11 274 patients were eligible for inclusion. The prevalence of INN in the SLNB was 5.0%. Melanomas with INN had similar median Breslow thickness compared to melanomas with negative SLNB and were more frequently located on trunk and upper limbs and observed in younger patients compared to melanomas with negative and positive SLNB. Overall survival of patients with INN showed no significant difference compared with negative SLNB (median follow‐up of 5.7 years of all patients).ConclusionsAs there seems to be no difference in overall survival between patients with INN and negative SLNB, the diagnosis of INN seems to be reliable. Current practice to treat patients with INN as patients with negative SLNB appears to be appropriate.
Optimization of de‐bittering process of mosambi (Citrus limetta) peel: Artificial neural network, Gaussian process regression and support vector machine modeling approach
Authors: Younis Kaiser , Ahmad Saghir , Osama Khwaja , Malik Mudasir A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe process of di‐bittering of mosambi peel powder (MPP) using sodium chloride solution (0, 5, and 10%) was optimized. The optimization was based on the acceptable taste, maximum total polyphenol content, and maximum antioxidant properties of peel powder. Support vector machine (SVM)‐based classification model was developed for sensory evaluation. Artificial neural network (ANN) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) was used for development of regression models to predict total polyphenol and total antioxidant properties. The two combinatorial models of SVM–ANN and SVM–GPR were developed for optimization using genetic algorithm. The optimized powder had total polyphenol content and antioxidant properties of 0.65 ± 0.10% and 57.05 ± 0.08%, respectively, while taste was in acceptable limits and showed good, swelling power, water binding capacity, oil binding capacity, emulsion stability, and emulsion activity. The optimized dibittered powder also showed good results for in vitro glucose retardation index and showed antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microorganisms.Practical ApplicationsMosambi peel powder is rich in dietary fiber and other bioactive compounds. However, its utilization is limited due to the presence of some bitter compounds. The present study deals with the optimization of di‐bittering process of mosambi peel. The optimized powder had convincing functional properties and hence opens the doors for its commercial application in food industry. Mosambi peel powder being rich in dietary finder can enhance the fiber content of same fiber deficient foods.