bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caterpillars on a phytochemical landscape: the case of alfalfa and the Melissa blue butterfly
Authors: Forister Matthew L. , Yoon Su’ad , Philbin Casey S. , Dodson Craig D. , Hart Bret , Harrison Joshua G. , Shelef Oren , Fordyce James A. , Marion Zachary H. , Nice Christopher C. , Richards Lora A. , Buerkle C. Alex , Gompert Zach 
Published: December 2018

AbstractModern metabolomic approaches that generate more comprehensive phytochemical profiles than were previously available are providing new opportunities for understanding plant-animal interactions. Specifically, we can characterize the phytochemical landscape by asking how a larger number of individual compounds affect herbivores and how compounds covary among plants. Here we use the recent colonization of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by the Melissa blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa) to quantify plant metabolites and the performance of caterpillars as affected by both individual compounds and suites of covarying phytochemicals. We find that survival, development time and adult weight are all associated with variation in nutrition and toxicity, including biomolecules associated with plant cell function as well as putative anti-herbivore action. The plant-insect interface is complex, with clusters of covarying compounds in many cases encompassing divergent effects on different aspects of caterpillar performance. Individual compounds with the strongest associations are largely specialized metabolites, including alkaloids, phenolic glycosides and saponins. The saponins are represented in our data by more than 25 individual compounds with beneficial and detrimental effects onL. melissacaterpillars, which highlights the value of metabolomic data as opposed to approaches that rely on total concentrations within broad defensive classes.
Metabolic excretion associated with nutrient-growth dysregulation promotes the rapid evolution of an overt metabolic defect
Authors: Green Robin , Sonal  , Wang Lin , Hart Samuel F.M. , Lu Wenyun , Skelding David , Burton Justin C. , Mi Hanbing , Capel Aric , Chen Hung Alex , Lin Aaron , Subramaniam Arvind R. , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Shou Wenying 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn eukaryotes, conserved mechanisms ensure that cell growth is coordinated with nutrient availability. Overactive growth during nutrient limitation (“nutrient-growth dysregulation”) can lead to rapid cell death. Here, we demonstrate that cells can adapt to nutrient-growth dysregulation by evolving major metabolic defects. Specifically, when yeast lysine auxotrophic mutant lys- encountered lysine limitation, an evolutionarily novel stress, cells suffered nutrient-growth dysregulation. A sub-population repeatedly evolved to lose the ability to synthesize organosulfurs (lys-orgS-). Organosulfurs, mainly glutathione and glutathione conjugates, were released by lys- cells during lysine limitation when growth was dysregulated, but not during glucose limitation when growth was regulated. Limiting organosulfurs conferred a frequency-dependent fitness advantage to lys-orgS- by eliciting a proper slow growth program including autophagy. Thus, nutrient-growth dysregulation is associated with rapid organosulfur release, which enables the selection of organosulfur auxotrophy to better tune cell growth to the metabolic environment. We speculate that evolutionarily novel stresses can trigger atypical release of certain metabolites, setting the stage for the evolution of new ecological interactions.
Unidirectional response to bidirectional selection on body size. I. Phenotypic, life history and endocrine response
Authors: Renneville Clémentine , Millot Alexis , Agostini Simon , Carmignac David , Maugars Gersende , Dufour Sylvie , Le Rouzic Arnaud , Edeline Eric 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic perturbations such as harvesting often select against a large body size and are predicted to induce rapid evolution towards smaller body sizes and earlier maturation. However, body-size evolvability and, hence, adaptability to anthropogenic perturbations remain seldom evaluated in wild populations. Here, we use a laboratory experiment over 6 generations to measure the ability of wild-caught medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to evolve in response to bidirectional size-dependent selection mimicking opposite harvest regimes. Specifically, we imposed selection against a small body size (Large line), against a large body size (Small line) or random selection (Control line), and measured correlated responses across multiple phenotypic, life-history and endocrine traits. As expected, the Large line evolved faster somatic growth and delayed maturation, but also evolved smaller body sizes at hatch, with no change in average levels of pituitary gene expressions of luteinizing, folliclestimulating or growth (GH) hormones. In contrast, the Small medaka line was unable to evolve smaller body sizes or earlier maturation, but evolved smaller body sizes at hatch and showed marginally-significant signs of increased reproductive investment, including larger egg sizes and elevated pituitary GH production. Natural selection on medaka body size was too weak to significantly hinder the effect of artificial selection, indicating that the asymmetric body-size response to size-dependent selection reflected an asymmetry in body-size evolvability. Our results show that trait evolvability may be contingent upon the direction of selection, and that a detailed knowledge of trait evolutionary potential is needed to forecast population response to anthropogenic change.
TORC2 dependent phosphorylation modulates calcium regulation of fission yeast myosin
Authors: Baker Karen , Gyamfi Irene A. , Mashanov Gregory I. , Molloy Justin E. , Geeves Michael A. , Mulvihill Daniel P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAll cells have the ability to respond to changes in their environment. Signalling networks modulate cytoskeleton and membrane organisation to impact cell cycle progression, polarised cell growth and multicellular development according to the environmental setting. Using diversein vitro, in vivoand single molecule techniques we have explored the role of myosin-1 signalling in regulating endocytosis during both mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. We have established that a conserved serine within the neck region of the sole fission yeast myosin-1 is phosphorylated in a TORC2 dependent manner to modulate myosin function. Myo1 neck phosphorylation brings about a change in the conformation of the neck region and modifies its interaction with calmodulins, Myo1 dynamics at endocytic foci, and promotes calcium dependent switching between different calmodulin light chains. These data provide insight into a novel mechanism by which myosin neck phosphorylation modulates acto-myosin dynamics to control polarised cell growth in response to mitotic and meiotic cell-cycle progression and the cellular environment.
Prevention of chromatin destabilization by FACT is crucial for malignant transformation
Authors: Sandlesh Poorva , Safina Alfiya , Goswami Imon , Prendergust Laura , Rosario Spenser , Gomez Eduardo C , Wang Jianmin , Gurova Katerina V 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExpression of histone chaperone FACT is increased in tumors and associated with poor prognosis. We investigated why aggressive tumor cells need FACT using a model where FACT could be turned off and confirmed that while FACT is not essential for non-tumor cells, cells become dependent on FACT following oncogene-induced transformation. We compared the phenotypic and transcriptional changes induced by FACT loss and excluded a direct role for FACT in the transcription of genes essential for the viability of transformed cells. Moreover, we established that in immortalized and transformed cells, FACT has a weak negative effect on gene expression. At the same time, we observed a positive correlation between FACT enrichment and the rate of transcription, which was consistent with previous reports. To explain these puzzling observations, we hypothesized that FACT does not facilitate transcription elongation in transformed cells, but prevents nucleosome loss associated with transcription. Indeed, we observed destabilization of chromatin in immortalized and transformed cells upon FACT loss. Furthermore, transformed cells had less stable chromatin than non-transformed cells, which made them vulnerable to FACT loss. However, the mechanisms of cell death upon chromatin destabilization needs to be established. Our data suggest that malignant transformation is accompanied by general chromatin destabilization, and FACT prevents irredeemable chromatin loss.
Dissecting the dilemma betweenin vitroandin vivodrug screening: treating HepG2 cells with Artesunate as a model
Authors: Wong Johnny Kuan-Un , Shi Sophie Ling , Wang Haitao , Xing Fuqiang , Quan Yingyao , Zhao Ming , Zhang Lei , Wong Kristy Hio-Meng , Wong Ada Hang-Heng , Deng Chuxia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe dilemma betweenin vitroandin vivodrug screening results persisted to hinder preclinical anti-cancer drug development. In this study, drug screening was initially performed on monolayer cultures of HepG2 cells, whereasin vivodrug testing was performed on the subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of HepG2 cells in athymic nude mice. Results showed that Artesunate inhibited HepG2 cell growthin vitro, but was ineffectivein vivo. Hence, we investigated the difference betweenin vitroandin vivosettings using this cell-drug combination as a model. Immuno-staining of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers showed that α-fetoprotein (AFP) was unaffected by Artesunate treatmentin vitroorin vivo, suggesting that AFP was neither a biomarker nor response indicator. Alternatively, high albumin was detected in both monolayer and organoid cultures; contrariwise, the xenograft tumors prevailed low albumin, in consistency to human HCC with poor prognosis. Artesunate treatment reduced intracellular albumin expressionin vitro; Artesunate did not alter tissue and serum albumin in xenograft mice, in coincidence with its irresponsivenessin vivo. However, Artesunate binding to albumin was undetectable. Instead, we observed a transient stimulation of Erk1/2 phosphorylation followed by DAPK1 dephosphorylation and apoptosis. Combined treatment of Artesunate with U0126 revoked Erk1/2-DAPK1 phosphorylation and exerted modest proliferative advantage at early time points, but eventually did not rescue HepG2 cells from death. U0126 induced multiploid formation independent of Artesunate, resulting in cell cycle arrest within 24 h post-treatment.SignificanceSystematic investigation of HCC biomarkers AFP and albumin among thein vitromodels of monolayer and organoid cultures, and thein vivomodels of subcutaneous and liver implantation xenograft mice was conducted.
Applicant gender and recruiter and organizational characteristics
Authors: Landay Karen , DeArmond Sarah 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand how applicant gender may interact with recruiter and organizational characteristics to affect organization attraction. Interpreting characteristics of individuals (e.g., recruiters) and organizations requires some degree of interpersonal sensitivity. Evidence shows that women are generally more skilled in this area than men, but women’s skills are not stronger when evaluating characteristics that are male relevant (e.g., dominance, status).Design/methodology/approachThis study used an experimental between-subjects design in one sample of undergraduate students and one sample of working adults to explore the interaction of applicant gender with two known predictors of organization attraction: recruiter competence and hiring firm reputation.FindingsAs hypothesized, there was a significant interaction between recruiter competence and applicant gender on organization attraction in both samples. Contrary to the hypothesis, there was a significant interaction between hiring firm reputation and applicant gender in the sample of working adults, but not the sample of undergraduate students.Practical implicationsResults suggest that firms wishing to increase the number of women in their workforces should be particularly mindful of how they select and train recruiters as well as how positively their reputation is perceived by potential job applicants.Originality/valueThese results suggest that there may be gender differences in how applicants perceive and react to a variety of factors during the recruitment process that previous research has not considered.
Potential implications of degree apprenticeships for healthcare education
Authors: Baker Denise 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically reflect on evidence relating to the development and delivery of apprenticeships and its potential implications for pre-registration healthcare education.

Design/methodology/approach
An iterative review of English language literature published after 1995 to date relating to apprentices and apprenticeships was undertaken. In total, 20 studies were identified for inclusion. Only three related to the most recent apprenticeship initiative in the UK, and the majority were UK based.

Findings
Three key themes were identified: entering an apprenticeship, the learning environment and perceptions of apprenticeships. Successful completion of an apprenticeship relies heavily on both understanding the role the apprentice is seeking to inhabit, as well as well-structured and comprehensive support whilst on the programme. These findings are then discussed with reference to professional body requirements and pre-registration education in healthcare.

Practical implications
Appropriate work experience and support for learning are critical to apprenticeship success and apprenticeships should be given equal status to traditional healthcare education routes.

Originality/value
The introduction of the Apprenticeship Levy in April 2017 (Finance Act, 2016), acknowledgement that all National Health Service Trusts will be levy payers and the introduction of targets relating to apprenticeships for public sector employers have all contributed to growing interest in the apprenticeship agenda in health and social care.
Homeownership and entrepreneurship
Authors: Berggren Bjorn , Fili Andreas , Wilhelmsson Mats 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between housing markets and new firm formation in six different industries in all 284 municipalities in Sweden.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have used data from Statistics Sweden and The Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth to develop a model to analyze the relationship between house prices and industry-specific new firm formation, with the interaction effect of financial infrastructure.FindingsIn the data, stable high house prices have no effect on entrepreneurship. However, a market with rising house prices has a positive effect on new firm formation, in retail, construction, business-to-business services and miscellaneous sectors, but produced no effect in either mining, agriculture and fishing or in manufacturing. The interaction between rising house prices and financial infrastructure does not change the positive effect on retail, business-to-business services and miscellaneous sectors, but within the construction industry, the positive effect on new firm formation disappears. In manufacturing, the authors observe the opposite – a positive effect, instead of no effect previously.Originality/valueThe contribution of this study is to provide evidence of how house prices are associated with entrepreneurship in different industries, as well as analyzing how the interaction between house prices and financial infrastructure is associated with entrepreneurship. By separating observations in time, endogeneity is controlled and a causal relationship where higher house prices is postulated, which leads to an increase in entrepreneurial activity in different industries. By using a spatial Durbin model, the authors control for spatial dependency.
Project work, a challenge to traditional work life institutions
Authors: Ekstedt Eskil 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate and problematize how the expansion of project and temporary work challenges the traditional industrial work organization and its internal and supportive institutions. It highlights the transformation dilemma, which occurs when traditional industrial institutions are confronted by project organizations. It also discusses how one may prepare to meet these challenges.Design/methodology/approachThe long-run incremental changes in organizational structures of the economy are described in an economic historical context, focusing on the organizational form of work and the employment regimes. Challenges, at the societal, organizational and individual levels, related to the “projectification” process are illustrated in considering the case of Sweden.FindingsProject dense industries, like media, entertainment and consultancy, are growing faster than the rest of the economy. The share of project work in permanent organizations is increasing. More than a third of all working hours in industrialized countries, like Germany, was labeled as project work in 2013. This transformation challenges basic conditions for how work is designed and regulated, like the stipulated and uniform work time or the permanent and stable work place. Central institutions of today, like the labor law and the educational system, are challenged.Social implications“Projectification” challenges traditional conditions of work and work life institutions and organizations, like the social partners, the educational and law systems.Originality/valueThe paper brings together and problematizes several aspects of “projectification” of work life. It highlights what kind of challenges work and work-related institutions meet and discusses how to handle some of them, like education.
Tips to use partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) in knowledge management
Authors: Cepeda-Carrion Gabriel , Cegarra-Navarro Juan-Gabriel , Cillo Valentina 
Published: December 2018

PurposeStructural equation modelling (SEM) has been defined as the combination of latent variables and structural relationships. The partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM) is used to estimate complex cause-effect relationship models with latent variables as the most salient research methods across a variety of disciplines, including knowledge management (KM). Following the path initiated by different domains in business research, this paper aims to examine how PLS-SEM has been applied in KM research, also providing some new guidelines how to improve PLS-SEM report analysis.Design/methodology/approachTo ensure an objective way to analyse relevant works in the field of KM, this study conducted a systematic literature review of 63 publications in three SSCI-indexed and specific KM journals between 2015 and 2017.FindingsOur results show that over the past three years, a significant amount of KM works has empirically used PLS-SEM. The findings also suggest that in light of recent developments of PLS-SEM reporting, some common misconceptions among KM researchers occurred mainly related to the reasons for using PLS-SEM, the purposes of PLS-SEM analysis, data characteristics, model characteristics and the evaluation of the structural models.Originality/valueThis study contributes to that vast KM literature by documenting the PLS-SEM-related problems and misconceptions. Therefore, it will shed light for better reports in PLS-SEM studies in the KM field.
Hidradenitis suppurativa of the nape: Description of an atypical phenotype related to severe early‐onset disease in men
Authors: Agut‐Busquet Eugènia , Romaní Jorge , Ribera Miquel , Luelmo Jesús 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSome patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) develop severe inflammatory lesions of the nape. Through a single‐center, cross‐sectional study with a total of 377 patients, we sought to compare patients with and without nape involvement, to determine whether disease severity is greater in these patients and to describe their clinical characteristics. Thirty patients (90% male) were identified as having nape involvement. Patients with versus without nape involvement had greater disease severity, earlier disease onset, a family history of HS, lower body mass, and higher Dermatological Life Quality Index and pain scores. Amongst them, involvement of the trunk and gluteal regions predominated. A significant univariate relationship existed between patients with nape involvement and male sex, early disease onset, family history, scalp and gluteal involvement, Canoui‐Poitrine phenotypes II and III, and Dowling–Degos disease. A significant multivariate relationship existed with early disease onset, Dowling–Degos disease, and phenotypes II and III.
Cross‐country evidence on the social determinants of the post‐socialist mortality crisis in Europe: a review and performance‐based hierarchy of variables
Authors: Scheiring Gabor , Irdam Darja , King Lawrence P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn unprecedented mortality crisis befell the former socialist countries between 1989 and 1995, representing one of the greatest demographic shocks of the period after the Second World War. While it is likely that country‐level variation in the post‐socialist mortality crisis in Eastern Europe can be explained by a constellation of political and socio‐economic factors, no comprehensive review of the existing scholarly attempts at explaining these factors exists. We review 39 cross‐national multi‐variable peer reviewed studies of social determinants of mortality in post‐socialist Europe in order to assess the social factors behind the post‐socialist mortality crisis, determine the gaps in the existing literature and to make suggestions for future research. We propose a novel methodology to determine the relative importance of variables based on the ratio of significant to insignificant findings for each variable. The literature identifies inequality, welfare payments, religious composition, democracy, economic performance and unemployment as the leading factors that have a significant influence on mortality outcomes. Existing cross‐country studies fail to establish a definitive connection between mortality and diets, drinking patterns, liberalisation, trust, health expenditure and war. We also point out that the level of analysis is not a neutral methodological choice but might influence the results themselves.
Relationship Between Pulp Tooth Area Ratio and Chronological Age Using Cone‐beam Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Uğur Aydın Zeliha , Bayrak Seval 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between chronological age and pulp tooth area ratio (PTR) in maxillary central teeth using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in the Turkish population. The sample consisted of CBCT images of 120 male and female subjects between 14 and 75 years old. The PTR of the maxillary central teeth was calculated using inVivo 5 software (Anatomage, San Jose, CA). Data were analyzed with independent t‐test and Pearson's rank correlation test. There was a significant negative correlation between chronological age and PTR (r = −0.615). The results showed that the PTR of maxillary central teeth is a reliable method for age estimation in the Turkish population.