bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Administration of IL-10 and Amphiregulin Alleviates Chronic Skeletal Muscle Inflammation and Damage Induced by Infection
Authors: Jin Richard M , Warunek Jordan , Wohlfert Elizabeth A 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Maintenance of tissue integrity in skeletal muscle requires the immunomodulatory and regenerative functions of muscle-resident regulatory T cells (Tregs). Chronic skeletal muscle infections, such as with Toxoplasma gondii, disrupt normal immunoregulatory networks and lead to pathogenic changes in Treg function. Specifically, Tregs during chronic T. gondii infection reinforce an inflammatory macrophage bias that exacerbates injury in skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated whether the aberrations in skeletal muscle Treg function during chronic infection could be overcome by treatment with Treg-related factors associated with enhanced muscle regeneration during sterile injury. We show treatment of chronically infected mice with Treg-promoting therapies, such as IL-2 complexed with anti–IL-2 Ab or IL-33, did not restore macrophage dynamics or muscle function, respectively, in vivo. However, supplementation of known Treg-derived factors IL-10 and amphiregulin (Areg) improved muscle function and skewed macrophages toward a restorative phenotype in the presence of chronic infection. These shifts in macrophage phenotype are coupled with enhanced physiologic parameters of regeneration. Together, these data suggest that although Treg-mediated immunoregulation is compromised during chronic skeletal muscle infection, supplementation of canonical Treg-derived factors such as IL-10 and Areg can restore immunologic balance and enhance muscle repair.
Survival of Mice with Gastrointestinal Acute Radiation Syndrome through Control of Bacterial Translocation
Authors: Suzuki Fujio , Loucas Bradford D. , Ito Ichiaki , Asai Akira , Suzuki Sumihiro , Kobayashi Makiko 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Macrophages (Mϕ) with the M2b phenotype (Pheno2b-Mϕ) in bacterial translocation sites have been described as cells responsible for the increased susceptibility of mice with gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome to sepsis caused by gut bacteria. In this study, we tried to reduce the mortality of mice exposed to 7–10 Gy of gamma rays by controlling Pheno2b-Mϕ polarization in bacterial translocation sites. MicroRNA-222 was induced in association with gamma irradiation. Pheno2b-Mϕ polarization was promoted and maintained in gamma-irradiated mice through the reduction of a long noncoding RNA growth arrest–specific transcript 5 (a CCL1 gene silencer) influenced by this microRNA. Therefore, the host resistance of 7–9-Gy gamma-irradiated mice to sepsis caused by bacterial translocation was improved after treatment with CCL1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide. However, the mortality of 10-Gy gamma-irradiated mice was not alleviated by this treatment. The crypts and villi in the ileum of 10-Gy gamma-irradiated mice were severely damaged, but these were markedly improved after transplantation of intestinal lineage cells differentiated from murine embryonic stem cells. All 10-Gy gamma-irradiated mice given both of the oligodeoxynucleotide and intestinal lineage cells survived, whereas all of the same mice given either of them died. These results indicate that high mortality rates of mice irradiated with 7–10 Gy of gamma rays are reducible by depleting CCL1 in combination with the intestinal lineage cell transplantation. These findings support the novel therapeutic possibility of victims who have gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome for the reduction of their high mortality rates.
Ocean acidification increases the sensitivity of and variability in physiological responses of an intertidal limpet to thermal stress
Authors: Wang Jie , Russell Bayden D. , Ding Meng-Wen , Dong Yun-Wei 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Understanding physiological responses of organisms to warming and
ocean acidification is the first step towards predicting the potential
population- and community-level ecological impacts of these stressors.
Increasingly, physiological plasticity is being recognized as important for
organisms to adapt to the changing microclimates. Here, we evaluate the
importance of physiological plasticity for coping with ocean acidification
and elevated temperature, and its variability among individuals, of the
intertidal limpet Cellana toreuma from the same population in Xiamen. Limpets were collected
from shaded mid-intertidal rock surfaces. They were acclimated under
combinations of different pCO2 concentrations (400 and 1000 ppm,
corresponding to a pH of 8.1 and 7.8) and temperatures (20 and 24 ∘C) in a short-term period (7 days),
with the control conditions
(20 ∘C and 400 ppm) representing the average annual temperature
and present-day pCO2 level at the collection site. Heart rates (as a
proxy for metabolic performance) and expression of genes encoding inducible
and constitutive heat-shock proteins (hsp70 and hsc70) at different heat-shock
temperatures (26, 30, 34, and 38 ∘C) were measured. Hsp70 and
Hsc70 play important roles in protecting cells from heat stresses, but have
different expression patterns, with Hsp70 significantly increased in
expression during stress and Hsc70 constitutively expressed and only mildly
induced during stress. Analysis of heart rate showed significantly higher
temperature coefficients (Q10 rates) for limpets at 20 ∘C
than at 24 ∘C and post-acclimation thermal sensitivity of limpets
at 400 ppm was lower than at 1000 ppm. Expression of hsp70 linearly increased
with the increasing heat-shock temperatures, with the largest slope
occurring in limpets acclimated under a future scenario (24 ∘C
and 1000 ppm pCO2). These results suggested that limpets showed
increased sensitivity and stress response under future conditions.
Furthermore, the increased variation in physiological response under the
future scenario indicated that some individuals have higher physiological
plasticity to cope with these conditions. While short-term acclimation to
reduced pH seawater decreases the ability of partial individuals against
thermal stress, physiological plasticity and variability seem to be crucial
in allowing some intertidal animals to survive in a rapidly changing
environment.
European climate change at global mean temperature increases of 1.5 and 2 °C above pre-industrial conditions as simulated by the EURO-CORDEX regional climate models
Authors: Kjellström Erik , Nikulin Grigory , Strandberg Gustav , Christensen Ole Bøssing , Jacob Daniela , Keuler Klaus , Lenderink Geert , van Meijgaard Erik , Schär Christoph , Somot Samuel , Sørland Silje Lund , Teichmann Claas , Vautard Robert 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We investigate European regional climate change for time periods when the global mean temperature has increased by 1.5 and 2 °C compared to pre-industrial conditions. Results are based on regional downscaling of transient climate change simulations for the 21st century with global climate models (GCMs) from the fifth-phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). We use an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX high-resolution regional climate model (RCM) simulations undertaken at a computational grid of 12.5 km horizontal resolution covering Europe. The ensemble consists of a range of RCMs that have been used for downscaling different GCMs under the RCP8.5 forcing scenario. The results indicate considerable near-surface warming already at the lower 1.5 °C of warming. Regional warming exceeds that of the global mean in most parts of Europe, being the strongest in the northernmost parts of Europe in winter and in the southernmost parts of Europe together with parts of Scandinavia in summer. Changes in precipitation, which are less robust than the ones in temperature, include increases in the north and decreases in the south with a borderline that migrates from a northerly position in summer to a southerly one in winter. Some of these changes are already seen at 1.5 °C of warming but are larger and more robust at 2 °C. Changes in near-surface wind speed are associated with a large spread among individual ensemble members at both warming levels. Relatively large areas over the North Atlantic and some parts of the continent show decreasing wind speed while some ocean areas in the far north show increasing wind speed. The changes in temperature, precipitation and wind speed are shown to be modified by changes in mean sea level pressure, indicating a strong relationship with the large-scale circulation and its internal variability on decade-long timescales. By comparing to a larger ensemble of CMIP5 GCMs we find that the RCMs can alter the results, leading either to attenuation or amplification of the climate change signal in the underlying GCMs. We find that the RCMs tend to produce less warming and more precipitation (or less drying) in many areas in both winter and summer.
Changes in crop yields and their variability at different levels of global warming
Authors: Ostberg Sebastian , Schewe Jacob , Childers Katelin , Frieler Katja 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. An assessment of climate change impacts at different levels of global warming
is crucial to inform the policy discussion about mitigation targets, as well
as for the economic evaluation of climate change impacts. Integrated
assessment models often use global mean temperature change (ΔGMT) as a
sole measure of climate change and, therefore, need to describe impacts as a
function of ΔGMT. There is already a well-established framework for
the scalability of regional temperature and precipitation changes
with ΔGMT. It is less clear to what extent more complex biological or
physiological impacts such as crop yield changes can also be described in
terms of ΔGMT, even though such impacts may often be more directly
relevant for human livelihoods than changes in the physical climate. Here we
show that crop yield projections can indeed be described in terms
of ΔGMT to a large extent, allowing for a fast estimation of crop
yield changes for emissions scenarios not originally covered by climate and
crop model projections. We use an ensemble of global gridded crop model
simulations for the four major staple crops to show that the scenario
dependence is a minor component of the overall variance of projected yield
changes at different levels of ΔGMT. In contrast, the variance is
dominated by the spread across crop models. Varying CO2
concentrations are shown to explain only a minor component of crop yield
variability at different levels of global warming. In addition, we find that
the variability in crop yields is expected to increase with increasing
warming in many world regions. We provide, for each crop model, geographical
patterns of mean yield changes that allow for a simplified description of
yield changes under arbitrary pathways of global mean temperature and
CO2 changes, without the need for additional climate and crop model
simulations.
Tecnologías emergentes, redes al acecho de la sociabilidad
Authors: Iglesias Sahagún Luis Gregorio , González Arias Rosario 
Published: May 2018

Este trabajo destaca algunos síntomas notorios en múltiples sociedades a partir de la instalación de las “tecnologías emergentes”, en particular las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Apoyados en la idea de que esa capacidad tecnológica está provocando una recomposición de la cultura en un neocapitalismo conexionista, señalamos que además de la constricción del campo de lo posible operada por el sistema de una economía de mercado central y monetizado, los artefactos y dispositivos tecnológicos-particularmente los portátiles- están ejerciendo una nueva constricción, por la vía de una re-organización de ese campo de lo posible. Encontramos signos inquietantes de pérdidas de la autonomía, una reducción de los márgenes para el ejercicio de ésta por parte de los individuos y las colectividades. La situación termina de complicarse cuando vemos que en las sociedades con una capacidad instalada de tecnologías de la comunicación y el transporte, efectivamente se prodigan las formas reticulares en múltiples ámbitos: producción, provisión de servicios (shared economy), vecindario, escuela, universidad, etc. “La red”, como metáfora, transmite mucho de lo que sucede, y cómo, en nuestras vidas cotidianas. Concebimos la sociabilidad como la forma que pueden adoptar las concurrencias, la forma del “estar haciendo algo juntos”, las formas del “poner en común algo”, las formas del “hacer en torno y a propósito de ese algo puesto en común”, planteamos la hipótesis de que con las tecnologías emergentes y la reticulación social, se ha puesto también en marcha un vector de componente centrífugo que bloquea, dificulta o inhibe la sociabilidad
Estatística e Literatura: um projeto interdisciplinar sobre migrações e diversidade cultural
Authors: Giordano Cassio Cristiano , Miyaji Roberta Guim 
Published: May 2018

Não é possível dissociar os temas “diversidade cultural” e “migrações internas e externas” da formação do povo brasileiro. Tendo em mente essa premissa e experiências anteriores de trabalho em conjunto, dois professores – um de Matemática e uma de Língua Portuguesa
– ministraram aulas simultaneamente, com uma frequência semanal de duas aulas de cinquenta minutos cada uma, para duas turmas de alunos de terceira série do ensino médio, compartilhando o mesmo espaço físico e explorando intersecções entre as respectivas disciplinas. Ambos elaboraram um projeto interdisciplinar que abarcou os temas “migrações
internas e externas”. Estudos sobre Estatística, Literatura do Modernismo Brasileiro e sobre o gênero textual “relato” foram realizados nas aulas e culminaram em um produto final, que foi dividido em dois dias não consecutivos: no primeiro, foram apresentados uma dança circular, um painel sobre Estatística e uma premiação para os alunos que escreveram
os melhores relatos sobre migrações internas e externas; no segundo dia, apresentou-se um painel contendo dados estatísticos sobre assuntos escolhidos pelos próprios alunos. O objetivo maior do trabalho foi explorar as intersecções entre os componentes curriculares acima, considerados tão diferentes, embora complementares. Os temas transversais Ética e
Valores, e a importância da diversidade cultural de nosso país foram explorados durante todo o processo.
La Monarquía en la Historia constitucional española
Authors: Varela Suanzes-Carpegna Joaquín 
Published: May 2018

1. SOBERANÍA Y MONARQUÍA. 2. MONARQUÍA Y DIVISIÓN DE PODERES. 3. LA CONFIANZA REGIA Y PARLAMENTARIA DE LOS MINISTROS. 4. EL FRACASO DE LA MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA EN LA HISTORIA CONSTITUCIONAL ESPAÑOLA. 5. LA MONARQUÍA PARLAMENTARIA EN LA TEORÍA CONSTITUCIONAL ESPAÑOLA. 6. APÉNDICE: LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA MONARQUÍA EN LA HISTORIA DE ESPAÑA.
Antecedentes, surgimiento y conformación del Estado autonómico en la Constitución de 1978
Authors: Rebollo Delgado Lucrecio 
Published: May 2018

Resumen:El presente artículo realiza un análisis de los precedentes inmediatos en la emergencia del Estado autonómico, de la elaboración del texto constitucional de 1978, singularmente de los contenidos constitucionales relativos a la organización territorial, su desarrollo posterior, y los problemas actuales.Abstract:The present article tries to realize an analysis of the immediate precedents of the emergence of the autonomic State, how the constitutional text grew, and singularly as it went over to the making of the constitutional content relative to the territorial distribution of the politician, as well as like its development, realizing a few juridical-political evaluations of this constitutional period after forty years of validity.Summary:1. Introduction. 2. Immediate precedents: II Republic. 3. The defeat of the integral State. 4. The territorial question from 1936 to 1975. 5. The emergence of the autonomic State: Political context and preautonomies. 6. The constituent process. 7. The debate on nation and nationalities: the making of the art. 2 CE. 8. The creation of the autonomies. 9. The Title VIII or the constitutional lack of definition. 10. Conclusions.
La evolución de las competencias compartidas bases-desarrollo
Authors: Montilla Martos José Antonio 
Published: May 2018

Resumen:En este trabajo se analiza la evolución de las competencias compartidas en España, cuando al Estado corresponde establecer las bases en una materia y a las Comunidades Autónomas el desarrollo normativo y la ejecución. La concepción material de las bases fue concebida como una garantía para el ejercicio de las competencias autonómicas en el supuesto de inactividad del Estado. Por ello, tenía un carácter temporal. Sin embargo, se ha convertido en la práctica en un cauce que permite al Estado agotar la regulación de la materia. Esta situación ha resultado consolidada tras la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional sobre el Estatuto de Autonomía de Cataluña en cuanto se han eliminado los límites que hasta ese momento había puesto al legislador estatal para determinar las bases en una materia de competencia compartida. En este contexto, se propone una reconfiguración de la forma de determinar las bases del Estado, con participación de las Comunidades Autónomas.Abstract:In this paper, the evolution of shared competence in Spain is analyzed, when the State has to establish the bases in a subject and the Autonomous Communities the normative development and execution. The material conception of the bases was conceived as a guarantee for the exercise of autonomic competence in the case of state inactivity. Therefore, it had a temporary character. However, in practice it has become a channel that allows the State to exhaust the regulation of matter. This situation has been consolidated after the judgement of the Constitutional Court on the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia as soon as the limits that until that moment had put to the state legislator to determine the bases in a matter of shared competence have been eliminated. In this context, a reconfiguration of the way to determine the bases of the State is proposed, with the participation of the Autonomous Communities. Summary:1. The shared competences bases-development in the Constitution; 2. The material conception of the basics as a guarantee of autonomous regulatory development in the origins of the Autonomous State; 3. The formalization of the basics and its limits; 4. The deformalisation and unlimited expansion of the basics from STC 31/2010; 5. The imposition of the bases on the Statute of autonomy from STC 31/2010; 6. The application of the clause of prevalence for the non-application of autonomous rules contrary to databases which have arisen; 7. Conclusion: the need to modify the way to determine the bases.
El modelo autonómico español como antídoto del federalismo
Authors: López Mira Álvaro Xosé 
Published: May 2018

Resumen:El trabajo analiza la evolución del modelo español de organización territorial del Estado, desde un planteamiento crítico con lo ocurrido en los últimos años, y reclamando como necesario un cambio de orientación, que debería ir en la línea del modelo federal. Abstract:The paper analyzes the evolution of the Spanish model of territorial organisation of the State, from a critical approach with what has happened in the last few years, and calling for a change of direction, that should go in the federal model line.
El Protocolo Oficial del Estado 40 años después de la aprobación de la Constitución
Authors: Sánchez González Dolores del Mar 
Published: May 2018

Resumen:En esta publicación se trata de analizar la aplicabilidad del Decreto de Precedencias de 1983 creado ex profeso para la nueva estructura constitucional, aún vigente y totalmente inadecuado con la realidad institucional y política actual, de forma que debe modificarse a base de costumbre ante la falta de intencionalidad política alguna de acometer su reforma.Abstract:The purpose of this publication is to analyze the applicability of the 1983 Precedence Decree created for the new constitutional structure, still in force and totally inadequate with the current institutional and political reality, so that it must be modified on a customary basis in the absence of political intentions to undertake its reform.
Perspective Criticism and the Study of Narrative Biblical Literature
Authors: Miceli Calogero A. 
Published: May 2018

In his recent works, Watching a Biblical Narrative : Point of View in Biblical Exegesis (2007) and Perspective Criticism : Point of View and Evaluative Guidance in Biblical Narrative (2012), Gary Yamasaki has introduced a new methodology, entitled Perspective Criticism, for analyzing biblical literature. The following paper seeks to evaluate whether or not this proposed method is a viable tool for use in the study of biblical texts. In order to do so, the account of the hemorrhaging woman (Mark 5 : 24-34) is used as a test case. In the story, the implied reader is provided with background information about the history and motivation of the hemorrhaging woman. Rather than focusing solely on the protagonist Jesus, the narrator shifts the focus of the story onto the woman and explains her unsuccessful attempts, over the years, to find a cure for her ailment. In employing the Perspective Criticism methodology, the following paper argues that the implied author has purposefully inserted this privileged information, which is achronological to the narrative time of the pericope, in order to elicit empathy from the reader with the woman. The account offers the audience the ability to see previous events from the woman’s point-of-view in order to understand her tragic struggle and emotionally connect with her inner thoughts.
Seuils du sacré : les portes du réel
Authors: Lapeyre-Desmaison Chantal 
Published: May 2018

Évoquer le sacré pourrait surprendre à propos d’une oeuvre qui défend depuis longtemps un athéisme rigoureux, conçu comme une libération, un désabusement, en particulier dans La barque silencieuse. Mais si l’on y prête attention, le lexique de la spiritualité est très fréquent dans l’oeuvre et l’idée d’une possible sacralité revient à plusieurs reprises, toujours associée à des frontières, des passages, des seuils — êtres, objets, lieux. C’est le sens de ce mot, pour Pascal Quignard, sa géographie intime, à travers le recensement de ses seuils, tels qu’ils se manifestent dans l’oeuvre, et à travers l’effet produit par leur franchissement dans l’un ou l’autre sens, qu’il s’agit ici d’approcher. L’étude interroge tout d’abord la nature du sacré dans l’oeuvre, puis en recense les seuils. Cette analyse permet enfin d’interroger, dans ce contexte, le sens du profane et de la profanation, la valeur que leur confère cette oeuvre, et la manière dont elle ouvre à la possibilité de penser de manière dynamique le sens de la tension sacré/profane dans la période contemporaine.
Pascal Quignard et les portes du féminin
Authors: Martin Xavier 
Published: May 2018

À de nombreuses reprises dans l’oeuvre de Pascal Quignard, des hommes se trouvent face à des portes fermées : Henry Purcell, qui meurt de froid à l’entrée de sa propre maison, Bruno Bettelheim rentrant des camps de la mort, qui voit sa femme lui fermer la porte au nez, Patrick Carrion et son père qui n’ont pas accès à la pièce de la maison que se réserve madame Carrion, ou le narrateur de Vie secrète qui, racontant ses angoisses devant la porte de celle qu’il aime, ne sait jamais si elle lui sera ouverte ou non. Ainsi, une scène se répète au fil des livres, des hommes se heurtent à la porte d’un espace féminin, et un sentiment d’exclusion s’en dégage. Les femmes ont le pouvoir de laisser entrer des hommes dans le lieu qu’elles ont investi, mais elles peuvent aussi refuser. À partir de la notion de porte, cet article propose d’étudier une des dynamiques de la relation hommes-femmes dans l’oeuvre de Quignard. Le corps des femmes peut accueillir ou, au contraire, rejeter. Leur sexe est souvent présenté comme une porte qui ouvre sur le premier monde, le monde prénatal, mais il est aussi le point de passage de l’enfant qui naît et expérimente la détresse originaire propre au deuxième monde. Le nouveau-né vient d’être chassé de son royaume, mais, comme Adam qui a encore un pied dans la porte, sur la fresque de Masaccio Adam et Ève chassés du paradis, son corps conserve une trace de ce qu’il a vécu.