bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavefront-guided LASIK for Myopia With the Technolas 217z: Results at 3 Years
Authors: Bahar Irit , Levinger Shmuel , Kremer Israel , Waring George O 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of wavefront-guided tASIK in patients with low to high myopia.
METHODS: The study included 316 eyes of 158 patients; 172 eyes with low to moderate myopia (=?6.00 diopters [D]) and 144 eyes with high myopia (s=6.25 D). Preoperative wavefront analysis was performed with the Hartmann-Shack aberrometer, and LASIK was done with the Technolas 217z excimer laser. Follow-up was 36 months. Safety, efficacy, predictability, stability, and complications were compared between groups.
RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was -6.50+7.72 D (range: -1.50 to -16.00 D) in the entire study group, -4.91+1.38 D in the low to moderate myopia group, and -9.41+2.51 D in the high myopia group. At 36 months, 222 (70%) eyes showed no change in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and 67 (21%) eyes gained s=l line. In the low to moderate myopia group, SE of +0.50 D was achieved by 85% of eyes and +1.00 D by 97%, and 65% and 80%, respectively, in the high myopia group. Undercorrection >0.50 D was observed in 25% (36 eyes) of the high myopia group and 5% (8 eyes) of the low to moderate myopia group. All eyes showed significant reduction in spherical aberration (Z4,0) at 12 months postoperatively with no complications except diffuse lamellar keratitis in 2 eyes (1 eye in each group).
CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront-guided LASIK is an efficient refractive surgery technique for patients with low to moderate myopia. Higher degrees of myopia may be subject to under- and overcorrection. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:586-591.]
Delayed Ectasia Following LASIK With No Risk Factors: Is a 300-µm Stromal Bed Enough?
Authors: Tuli Sonal S , Iyer Sandhya 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of ectasia occurring >4 years following LASIK with no risk factors and a residual stromal bed >300 µm.
METHODS: A 33-year-old woman presented 4 years after LASIK with mild blurring in the left eye. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) had been 20/20 in both eyes previously.
RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/20 and 20/40 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 20/20 with -0.75 +2.25 x 70? refraction in the left eye, which matched topography. Preoperative corneal thickness was 595 µm), and topography showed no risk factors preoperatively or immediately postoperatively. Calculated residual stromal bed was 342 µm and measured 400 µm with ultrasound microscopy. One year postoperatively, UCVA decreased to 20/400, and BSCVA decreased to 20/60 with refraction of -4.50 +5.00 x 90?. The patient was intolerant of contact lens wear and is considering collagen cross-linking, lntacs, or corneal transplantation.
CONCLUSIONS: Ectasia can occur more than 4 years after LASIK. Its etiology is unknown and management is challenging. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:620-622.]
Laser Ablation in Eyes With Congenital Nystagmus
Authors: Barbara Adel , Shehadeh-Masha'our Raneen , Garzozi Hanna J 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report photorefractive keratectomy and LASIK for the correction of myopia in eyes with congenital nystagmus.
METHODS: Photorefractive keratectomy was performed in one eye and LASIK performed in eight eyes of five adult patients (three men and two women) with congenital nystagmus. Mean patient age was 34 years.
RESULTS: Preoperative refraction ranged between -1.50 and -22.00 diopters (D) sphere, and -0.50 and -3.25 D of astigmatism; best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) ranged between 2 m finger counting and 20/30. In all nine eyes, postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) equaled or exceeded preoperative BSCVA. Postoperative topography showed central ablations. Results were stable at follow-up 18 months after surgery, except in one eye with follow-up of 4 months. Enhancement was not required in any eye.
CONCLUSIONS: Positive results were achieved for ablation performed with a broad beam laser in eyes with nystagmus. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:623-625.]
Repositioning of Free Cap Four Days After LASIK
Authors: Cheng Arthur C K , Wong Victoria W Y , Rao Srinivas K , Lam Dennis S C 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report management and outcome of late repositioning of flap dislodgement after LASIK.
METHODS: A 27-year-old man underwent LASIK in the right eye for correction of myopia, which was complicated by free cap. The flap was repositioned, but dislodged 2 days later. The dislodged flap was stored in balanced salt solution for 48 hours and repositioned 4 days after initial surgery.
RESULTS: Postoperatively, the flap remained apposed, but diffuse lamellar keratitis and epithelial ingrowth developed, which was managed with topical steroids and topical mitomycin C. Stromal haze gradually decreased by 16 months postoperatively, resulting in best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/20.
CONCLUSIONS: Flap dislodgement >48 hours postoperatively can be repositioned with good visual outcome. The flap should be preserved in the event of such complication. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:625-627.]
Comparison of Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry and Ultrasound Pachymetry in the Measurement of Central Corneal Thickness Before and After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Spadea Leopoldo , Giammaria Daniele , Di Genova Lucia , Fiasca Arianna 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare an ultrasound pachymeter with an optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) pachymeter for measuring pre- and postoperative central corneal thickness of patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: In a prospective, noncomparative, interventional study, 48 myopic eyes (mean manifest refractive spherical equivalent: -4.93±2.93 diopters [D]) of 30 healthy patients underwent PRK. Pre- and postoperative central corneal thickness was measured by two examiners (E1, E2) with an ultrasound pachymeter and an OLCR pachymeter. Agreement and inter-rater repeatability were determined using the comparison method described by Bland and Altman.
RESULTS: The limits of agreement between the two devices ranged from 17.8 µm (E1) to 20.5 µm (E2) preoperatively and from 22.4 µm (E1) to 16.9 µm (E2) postoperatively. The coefficient of inter-rater repeatability ranged from 9.1 µm (ultrasound pachymeter) to 5.4 µm (OLCR pachymeter) preoperatively and from 7.1 µm (ultrasound pachymeter) to 4.7 µm (OLCR pachymeter) postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS: The OLCR pachymeter seems to show better pre- and postoperative repeatability compared to the ultrasound pachymeter. The agreement between the two devices should be considered acceptable for clinical practice. Photorefractive keratectomy did not affect the postoperative agreement and repeatability of the pachymeters. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:661-666.]
Femtosecond Laser and Microkeratome Corneal Flaps: Comparison of Stromal Wound Healing and Inflammation
Authors: Netto Marcelo V , Mohan Rajiv R , Medeiros Fabricio W , Dupps William J , Sinha Sunilima , Krueger Ronald R , Stapleton W Michael , Rayborn Mary , Suto Chikako , Wilson Steven E 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To examine early postoperative wound healing in rabbit corneas that had LASIK flaps formed with three different models (15 KHz, 30 KhZ, and 60 KHz) of a femtosecond laser compared with flaps formed with a microkeratome.
METHODS: Thirty-nine rabbit eyes were randomized to receive either no surgery or corneal flaps formed with one of the lasers or the microkeratome. Sixteen eyes also had lamellar cuts with no side cuts with the 30 KHz laser. Animals were sacrificed and corneas processed as frozen sections or fixed for transmission electron microscopy. Frozen sections were evaluated with the TUNEL assay to detect apoptosis, immunocytochemistry for Ki67 to detect cell mitosis, and immunocytochemistry for CD11b to detect mononuclear cells.
RESULTS: Rabbit corneas that had flaps formed with the 15 KHz laser had significantly more stromal cell death, greater stromal cell proliferation, and greater monocyte influx in the central and peripheral cornea at 24 hours after surgery than corneas that had flaps formed with the 30 KHz or 60 KHz laser or the microkeratome. Results of the 60 KHz laser and microkeratome were not significantly different for any of the parameters at 24 hours, except for mitotic stromal cells at the flap margin. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the primary mode of stromal cell death at 24 hours after laser ablation was necrosis.
CONCLUSIONS: Stromal cell necrosis associated with femtosecond laser flap formation likely contributes to greater inflammation after LASIK performed with the femtosecond laser, especially with higher energy levels that result in greater keratocyte cell death. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:667-676.]
LASEK and Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia: Clinical and Confocal Microscopy Comparison
Authors: Ghirlando Alessandra , Gambato Catia , Midena Edoardo 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare postoperative visual acuity and corneal morphology after laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) versus photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the correction of low to moderate myopia.
METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 50 myopic patients (mean: -4.5±1.35 diopters) were randomized to receive LASEK in one eye and PRK in the fellow eye. No mitomycin C eye drops were used in this study. Patients were observed daily for 4 days, then at 1 month and every 3 months up to 1 year. Uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity (UCVA and BSCVA), manifest refraction, corneal epithelium healing time, postoperative pain, and corneal haze were evaluated. Corneal wound healing was quantified with corneal confocal microscopy.
RESULTS: Refractive error, UCVA, and BSCVA were not statistically different between eyes treated with LASEK and PRK. Corneal epithelium healing time was 2.52±0.99 days in the eyes treated with PRK and 2.29±0.52 days in the eyes treated with LASEK (P =.22). The postoperative pain score was 2.17±0.87 in the eyes treated with PRK and 2.62±0.60 (P = .02) in the eyes treated with LASEK. Corneal confocal microscopy showed fewer stromal activated keratocytes and less extracellular matrix deposition in the eyes treated with LASEK than in the eyes treated with PRK at 1 month postoperatively (P = .003).
CONCLUSIONS: LASEK is an effective and safe procedure for low to moderate myopia, but it seems more painful until full corneal reepithelization. In the early postoperative period, the corneal wound healing process is significantly less intense in eyes treated with LASEK than in eyes treated with PRK. The role of LASEK in corneal wound healing modulation remains controversial. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:694-702.]
Subbasal Nerve Regeneration After LASEK Measured by Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Darwish Taym , Brahma Arun , Efron Nathan , O'Donnell Clare 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between the degree of subbasal nerve regeneration and corneal sensation and tear film functions after LASEK using corneal confocal microscopy.
METHODS: This prospective, observational, and longitudinal study included 35 LASEK patients who underwent tear breakup time assessment, phenol red thread test, corneal esthesiometry, and confocal microscopy preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Subbasal nerve images were analyzed to assess nerve regeneration.
RESULTS: Postoperatively, tear breakup time decreased significantly and had not returned to the preoperative level by 6 months after surgery. There were no significant differences in the phenol red thread test results before and after LASEK. Central corneal sensation decreased significantly 1 month after LASEK and returned to normal levels 3 months after surgery. Nerve fiber density, nerve branch density, and nerve fiber length and width decreased significantly after LASEK and had not returned to preoperative levels 6 months after surgery. Subbasal nerve fibers retained their vertical orientation after LASEK. There were no significant correlations between the length and density of subbasal nerve fibers and central corneal sensitivity, tear volume, or breakup time after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Subbasal nerves were injured by LASEK and had not returned to preoperative levels 6 months after surgery. Corneal sensitivity was reduced after LASEK and returned to normal levels 3 months after surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:709-715.]
Idiopathic Recurrence of Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis After LASIK
Authors: Kymionis George D , Diakonis Vassilios F , Bouzoukis Dimitrios I , Lampropoulou Ileana , Pallikaris Aristofanis I 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of late recurrence of bilateral diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after LASIK.
METHODS: A 39-year-old woman presented in the early postoperative period with bilateral DLK after hyperopic LASIK and was treated with topical steroids. One year after and with no obvious cause (idiopathic), recurrence of the same stage (stage III) of disease was observed.
RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination revealed diffuse, multifocal, and granular haze in the interface. The microbiology culture was negative. Confocal microscopy demonstrated multiple activated keratocytes, debris, and inflammatory cells adjacent to the flap interface. After intense treatment with topical corticosteroids, DLK resolved and corneal transparency was achieved with complete restoration of visual acuity.
CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse lamellar keratitis may recur in LASIK patients with previous episodes without an obvious cause (idiopathic). Early diagnosis and treatment with topical corticosteroids can achieve complete resolution without visual loss-even in advanced stages of DLK. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:720-721.]
Small Spot Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for Recurrent Corneal Erosion
Authors: van Westenbrugge John A 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe small spot phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) using the NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser for the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion.
METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed patients with recurrent corneal erosion who were treated using small spot PTK. An electronic medical records database was used to retrieve patient data.
RESULTS: Ten consecutive eyes in nine patients were evaluated after small spot PTK. Eight (80%) recovered without further erosion.
CONCLUSIONS: Small spot PTK is a safe and effective alternative to traditional PTK and to corneal micropuncture in the treatment of recurrent corneal erosion. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:721-724.]
Effect of Mitomycin C on the Corneal Endothelium When Used for Corneal Subepithelial Haze Prophylaxis Following Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Goldsberry Dennis H , Epstein Randy J , Majmudar Parag A , Epstein Rachel H , Dennis Richard F , Holley Glenn , Edelhauser Henry F 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential effect of topical mitomycin C (MMC) on the corneal endothelium of myopic patients undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: Sixteen eyes with a planned ablation depth >75 µm underwent PRK followed by 0.02% MMC applied for 12 seconds using a methylcellulose sponge. Endothelial specular microscopy was performed with the Keeler-Konan specular photomicroscope in 16 eyes before and at least 1 year after surgery. Mean follow-up was 18 months (range: 12 to 24 months). Mean cell density, coefficient of variation of mean cell area, and percentage of hexagonal cells were measured and calculated using computerized morphometric analysis.

RESULTS: Mean endothelial cell densities before and after surgery were 2882±783 cells/mm
p 2
(range: 1511 to 4022 cells/mm
p 2
) and 2867±588 cells/mm
p 2
(range: 1638 to 3881 cells/mm
p 2
), respectively (P>.05). Mean coefficient of variation before and after surgery was 0.30±0.07 (range: 0.23 to 0.49) and 0.26±0.04 (range: 0.22 to 0.33), respectively (P=.06). Mean percentage of hexagonal cells before and after surgery was 61%±6.8% (range: 47% to 70%) and 66%±6.7% (range: 54% to 75%), respectively (P=.12).

CONCLUSIONS: Administration of MMC for haze prophylaxis following PRK did not have a significant effect on quantitative endothelial cell density or qualitative morphometric parameters in this study. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:724-727.]
Aureobasidium pullulans Fungal Keratitis Following LASEK
Authors: Maverick Kenneth J , Conners Michael S 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To describe a patient who developed Aureobasidium pullulans keratitis following refractive laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK).
METHODS: A 52-year-old woman was referred to a tertiary care center 1 month after LASEK for treatment of a corneal ulcer that was unresponsive to conventional therapy. Mycology culture and fungal stain identified Aureobasidium as the infectious organism.
RESULTS: The infection responded well to treatment with topical natamycin and systemic itraconazole.
CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with topical natamycin and systemic itraconazole is effective against. Aureobasidium pullulans keratitis. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:727-729.]
Traumatic Flap Dislocation 4 Years After LASIK Due to Air Bag Injury
Authors: Ramírez Manuel , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo , Hernandez-Quintela Everardo , Naranjo-Tackman Ramon 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a patient who developed corneal flap dislocation following air bag injury 48 months after LASIK.
METHODS: Evaluation by slit-lamp microscopy and fluorescein angiography.
RESULTS: A 29-year-old man was treated after air bag injury that occurred 48 months after LASIK. Examination revealed corneal flap dislocation, with severe folds and flap edema. Preoperative visual acuity was finger counting at 1 m. Visual acuity was 20/400 24 hours after repositioning the corneal flap. Retinal angiography revealed Berlin macular edema, which was injected with periocular steroids. Five days after injection, visual acuity remained 20/400, but improved to 20/40 1 month after injection.
CONCLUSIONS: Significant trauma can dislocate a corneal flap many months after surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:729-730.]
Expression of a Functional IL-2 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Arumugam Prakash , Carroll Katie L. , Berceli Scott A. , Barnhill Spencer , Wrenshall Lucile E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Many nonlymphoid cell types express at least two, if not all three, subunits of the IL-2R; although, compared with lymphocytes, relatively little is known about how IL-2 affects the function of nonlymphoid cells. The limited information available suggests that IL-2 has a substantial impact on cells such as gastrointestinal epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. In a previous report from our laboratory, we noted that IL-2 and IL-2Rβ–deficient mice lose smooth muscle cells over time, eventually resulting in aneurysmal aortas and ectatic esophagi. This finding, combined with our work showing that IL-2 surrounds vascular smooth muscle cells by association with perlecan, led us to ask whether vascular smooth muscle cells express an IL-2R. Toward this end, we reported the expression of IL-2Rβ on human and murine vascular smooth muscle cells. We now report that vascular smooth muscle cells express all three subunits of the IL-2R, and that expression of IL-2Rα varies with vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Furthermore, we show that, through a functional IL-2R, IL-2 initiates signaling pathways and impacts vascular smooth muscle cell function. Finally, we demonstrate that IL-2 expression increases upon initiation of conditions that promote intimal hyperplasia, suggesting a mechanism by which the IL-2/IL-2R system may impact this widespread vascular pathology.
Suppression of the IFN-α and -β Induction through Sequestering IRF7 into Viral Inclusion Bodies by Nonstructural Protein NSs in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus Infection
Authors: Hong Ye , Bai Maosheng , Qi Xian , Li Chuan , Liang Mifang , Li Dexin , Cardona Carol J. , Xing Zheng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Induction of type I IFNs during viral infection is crucial for host defense. IRF 3 and IRF7 play a critical role as key transcription factors in the activation of the IFN induction. Viruses have evolved a variety of strategies to evade innate immunity. Our previous studies have shown that the nonstructural protein (NSs) of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) can suppress the IFN-β induction through its interaction with tank-binding kinase-1 and sequestering the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase(IKK) complex into the inclusion bodies formed by NSs. In this study, we characterized the unique function of IRF7 in innate immunity and its role in inducing IFN-α in particular, regulated by NSs during the SFTSV infection in several cell types of human origin. Whereas IRF3 is constitutively expressed, IRF7 was significantly induced differentially in various cell types in response to SFTSV infection, promoted the induction of IFN-α2 and -α4, and further induced IFN-β, thus contributing to suppressing the viral replication. Our data indicate that NSs directly interacted with and sequestered IRF7 into the inclusion bodies, which is different from IRF3 indirectly interacting with NSs. Although interaction of NSs with IRF7 did not inhibit IRF7 phosphorylation, p-IRF7 was trapped in the inclusion bodies, resulting in a significant reduction of the IFN-α2 and -α4 induction and therefore enhanced viral replication. Interaction of the viral NSs with both IRF7 and IRF3 and subsequent sequestration of these transcription factors into viral inclusion bodies, a unique strategy used by this phlebovirus, may ensure effective evasion and suppression of host innate immunity.
Domination and Power Relations in Brazilian Agriculture: A Gender Analysis of the Concept of Adequate Food
Authors: Kuhnen Tânia Aparecida , Rosendo Daniela 
Published: December 2018

The main subject of this paper is the concept of adequate food defined by the Brazilian Law No 11.346/06, whose implications are discussed through a gender – especially ecofeminist – lens. The Law defines the right to food that is also considered a fundamental right in the Brazilian Constitution. At the same time, the Brazilian economy is centered on crops production in a large-scale farming system for exportation. Based on that, the following question is addressed: is the concept of adequate food compatible with the economic privilege attributed to the massive agricultural system and to factory farms? The aim is to show that they are incompatible and the alternative is a defense of organic family farming and a plant-based diet, as it is presented in the “Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population” (2014). Another problem that arises from this issue is that agriculture in this large-scale dimension reflects structures of power and domination (Karen J. Warren) and animals used for corpse eating disappears, becoming absent referents (Carol J. Adams). It reflects the structure of a patriarchal society, where men have power over women, animals, and plants. The hypothesis is that in family farming women can participate more in the decision-making process, reflecting equality and justice in the private sphere. For that, the Special Reports on adequate food will be considered, mainly the one related to the mission of the Special Rapporteur to Brazil, whose analysis brings information on the gender category. This analysis draws attention to the situation of women in their struggles to fulfill the right to adequate food.