bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substrate specificity of IgGs with peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities from sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tolmacheva Anna S. , Buneva Valentina N. , Nevinsky Georgy A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe analysis of IgGs to protect humans from oxidative stress through oxidation of harmful compounds was carried out. We have compared here for the first time peroxidase (in the presence of H2O2) and oxidoreductase (in the absence of H2O2) activities of IgGs from sera of healthy humans and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, substrate specificity of SLE and MS IgG preparations in the oxidation of different compounds was analyzed: 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine (DAB), homovanillic acid (HVA), o‐phenylenediamine (OPD), α‐naphthol, 3‐amino‐9‐ethylcarbazole (AEC), p‐hydroquinone (pHQ), and adrenaline. IgGs of healthy humans and SLE and MS patients oxidized DAB, ABTS, and OPD due to their peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities, while other compounds were substrates of IgGs only in the presence of H2O2: adrenaline was not oxidized by both activities of IgGs. The average SLE IgGs peroxidase activity increased statistically significant in comparison with abzymes from healthy humans in the order (‐fold): OPD (1.2) < DAB (1.7) < α‐naphtol (2.2) ≤ AEC (2.4) < ABTS (4.5) < 5‐ASA (10.6), while with oxidoreductase activity: OPD (1.8) ≤ DAB (2.1‐fold) < ABTS (5.0). Only HVA was oxidized by IgGs with peroxidase activity of healthy donors faster than by SLE (1.3‐fold) and MS abzymes (2.4‐fold). In the oxidation of several substrates, only three IgGs of MS patients were used. The data speak of a tendency to increase the peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of MS IgGs in comparison with healthy donors, but to a lesser extent: OPD (1.1 to 1.2‐fold) ≤ ABTS (1.2 to 1.8‐fold). It was shown that development of SLE and MS leads to increase in peroxidase and oxidoreductase activities of IgGs toward most of classical substrates. Thus, abzymes can serve as an additional factor of reactive oxygen species detoxification protecting of patients with SLE and MS from some harmful compounds somewhat better than healthy peoples.
Inactivation of Zika virus in plasma and derivatives by four different methods
Authors: Wang Yancui , Ren Kai , Liao Xinzhong , Luo Guanwen , Kumthip Kattareeya , Leetrakool Nipapan , Li Shilin , Chen Limin , Yang Chunhui , Chen Yongjun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging arbovirus with increasing prevalence in recent years. To reduce the risk of ZIKV transmission by transfusion, some mitigation strategies were recommended based on pathogen reduction technologies for blood products. In this study, we aimed to study the efficacy of several common pathogen reduction methods in the inactivation of ZIKV. The fresh frozen plasma and derivatives were spiked with a high titer of ZIKV or Sindbis virus (SINV). Viral titers and ZIKV RNA were measured before and after the inactivation treatment by methylene blue (MB), solvent/detergent (S/D), pasteurization, and low pH. The mean ZIKV infectivity titers in plasma and derivatives were 7.08 ± 0.14, 5.17 ± 0.14, 7.08 ± 0.14, and 5.80 ± 0.14 log10TCID50/mL, respectively before MB, S/D, pasteurization, and low pH inactivation. We found no detectable ZIKV RNA after five successive passages of inoculation on host cells, indicating there is no infectivity after inactivation. Similar inactivation results were observed for SINV. In conclusion, we achieved robust ZIKV inactivation through the four inactivation procedures in several blood products. These findings suggest that the pathogen reduction technologies commonly applied in plasma and derivatives have the capacity to mitigate the risk of ZIKV transmission by transfusion.
Antiviral activity of HIV‐1 integrase strand‐transfer inhibitors against mutants with integrase resistance‐associated mutations and their frequency in treatment‐naïve individuals
Authors: Margot Nicolas A. , Ram Renee R. , White Kirsten L. , Abram Michael E. , Callebaut Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe development of resistance to human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV‐1) integrase strand‐transfer inhibitors (INSTI) has been documented; however, knowledge of the impact of pre‐existing integrase (IN) mutations on INSTI resistance (INSTI‐R) is still evolving. The frequency of HIV‐1 IN mutations in 2177 treatment‐naïve subjects was investigated, along with the INSTI susceptibility of site‐directed mutant viruses containing major and minor INSTI‐R mutations. Total 6 of 39 minor INSTI‐R mutations (M50I, S119P/G/T/R, and E157Q) were found in >1% of IN‐treatment‐naïve subjects with no impact on INSTI susceptibility. When each combined with major INSTI‐R mutation, M50I, S119P, and E157Q led to decreased susceptibility to elvitegravir but remained sensitive to dolutegravir and bictegravir.
Clinical delineation of 18q11‐q12 microdeletion: Intellectual disability, speech and behavioral disorders, and conotruncal heart defects
Authors: Rojnueangnit Kitiwan , Charalsawadi Chariyawan , Thammachote Weerin , Pradabmuksiri Ariya , Tim‐Aroon Thipwimol , Novelli Antonio , Loddo Sara , Briuglia Silvana , Concetta Cutrupi M. , Wattanasirichaigoon Duangrurdee , Jinawath Natini 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSince the establishment of chromosomal microarrays in clinical practice, many new microdeletion/microduplication syndromes have been identified, including 18q11.2 microdeletion. Chromosome 18q deletion syndrome is commonly classified into distal deletion and a much rarer proximal interstitial deletion spanning the 18q11.2‐q21.1 region.MethodsWe report two new patients and review 27 additional cases in DECIPHER/ClinGen databases and four cases from the literature, with more proximal 18q deletions involving 18q11‐q12 (band 1 only; 17.2–43.5 Mb position) deletion.ResultsCommon presentations of 18q11‐q12 deletions include developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID) (82%); speech delay/autism/attention deficit and hyperactivity/other behavioral problems (30%); conotruncal heart defects (15%); and subtle/non‐specific facial dysmorphism. The deletion in four out of five cases with cardiac defect was distal to GATA6, suggesting an alternative mechanism other than haploinsufficiency of GATA6 as an underlying cause of cardiac malformations. Precocious puberty with advanced skeletal age was first observed in one patient, suggesting a unique and expanded phenotype of proximal 18q deletion. When comparing genotype–phenotype correlations from the present study with previous reports, the critical regions for selected phenotypes of 18q11‐q12 deletion syndrome could be narrowed down as follows: 38.8–43.5 Mb for moderate to severe DD/ID, 19.6–24.4 Mb and 26.9–28.6 Mb for conotruncal heart defect.ConclusionThe detailed clinical delineation of the proximal 18q deletions identified in this study should contribute to better understanding of the genotype–phenotype correlations and better long‐term care of patients with this rare syndrome.
Protective Effects of Anthocyanins in Obesity‐Associated Inflammation and Changes in Gut Microbiome
Authors: Jayarathne Shasika , Stull April J. , Park Oak‐Hee , Kim Jung Han , Thompson Leslie , Moustaid‐Moussa Naima 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObesity is a complex disease and a major public health epidemic. Chronic, low‐grade inflammation is a common underlying feature of obesity and associated metabolic diseases; adipose tissue is a major contributor to this systemic inflammation. Evidence shows that obesity‐associated inflammation may originate from gut dysfunction, including changes in intestinal bacteria or microbiome profiles. Increasingly, food and plant bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties are proposed to ameliorate obesity‐associated inflammation. Among these, the health‐promoting effects of anthocyanin‐rich foods are of interest here. Specifically, this review summarizes the reported benefits of anthocyanins in obesity‐associated inflammation and underlying molecular mechanisms, including the role of gut microbiome and cell signaling pathways regulated by anthocyanins both in vivo and in vitro.
NSAID use among residents in 68 residential aged care facilities 2014 to 2017: An analysis of duration, concomitant medication use, and high‐risk conditions
Authors: Lind Kimberly E. , Raban Magdalena Z. , Georgiou Andrew , Westbrook Johanna I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposePeople in residential aged care are at increased risk of adverse events from nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) due to their age and health status, but little is known about use of NSAIDs in this setting. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of NSAID use by route, differences by high‐risk conditions, prevalence of concurrent proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, and prevalence of the “triple whammy” combination (oral NSAID, diuretic, and angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor antagonist).MethodsWe conducted a dynamic cohort study using medication administration data from 68 residential aged care facilities (RACFs) during 2014 to 2017. Descriptive statistics and regression were used to estimate the proportion of residents who used NSAIDs, NSAIDs long term, NSAIDs with PPIs, and the triple whammy combination.ResultsTen thousand three hundred sixty‐seven residents were included. Two thousand four hundred fourteen (23.3%) used at least one NSAID: 756 (7.3%) used only oral, 1326 (12.8%) used only topical, and 332 (3.2%) used both topical and oral NSAIDs. One thousand five hundred forty two (14.8%) used an NSAID long term, a majority of which only used topical NSAIDs 933/1542 (60.5%). Age, sex, and health status were associated with greater variation in long‐term topical use relative to oral NSAID use. A majority of oral NSAID users concomitantly used a PPI, which varied according to age, sex, and health status. Among residents with any oral NSAID use, 182/1088 (16.7%) had triple whammy medication use.ConclusionsTargeted interventions to reduce NSAID use among RACF residents, to reduce triple whammy medication use, and increase PPI use for long‐term oral NSAID users are warranted.
Impact of non‐solvent on regeneration of cellulose dissolved in 1‐(carboxymethyl)pyridinium chloride ionic liquid
Authors: Taheri Nazanin , Abdolmaleki Amir , Fashandi Hossein 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCellulose dissolved in ionic liquid (1‐(carboxymethyl)pyridinium chloride)/water (60/40 w/w) mixture is regenerated in various non‐solvents, namely water, ethanol, methanol and acetone, to gain more insight into the contribution of non‐solvent medium to the morphology of regenerated cellulose. To this end, the initial and regenerated celluloses were characterized with respect to crystallinity, thermal stability, chemical structure and surface morphology using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. According to the results, regardless of non‐solvent type, all regenerated samples have the same chemical structure and lower crystallinity in comparison to the initial cellulose, making them a promising candidate for efficient biofuel production based on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The reduction in crystallinity of regenerated samples is explained based on the potential of the non‐solvent to break the hydrogen bonds between cellulose chains and ionic liquid molecules as well as the affinity of water and non‐solvent which can be evaluated based on Hansen solubility parameter. The latter also determines the phase‐separation mechanism during the regeneration process, which in turn affects surface morphology of the regenerated cellulose. The pivotal effect of regenerated cellulose crystallinity on its thermal stability is also demonstrated. Regenerated cellulose with lower crystallinity is more susceptible to molecular rearrangement during heating and hence exhibits enhanced thermal stability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Tspan15 Is a New Stemness‐Related Marker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sidahmed‐Adrar Nazha , Ottavi Jean‐François , Benzoubir Nassima , Ait Saadi Taous , Bou Saleh Mohamed , Mauduit Philippe , Guettier Catherine , Desterke Christophe , Le Naour François 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. A clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor growth and invasiveness remains crucial for developing new therapies. Here, the expression of tetraspanins, a family of plasma membrane organizers involved in tumor progression, has been addressed. Integrative approaches combining transcriptomics and bioinformatics allow demonstrating the induced and heterogeneous expression of Tspan15 in HCC. Tspan15 positive tumors exhibit signatures related to hepatic progenitor cells as well as recurrence of cancer. Immunohistochemistry experiments confirm Tspan15 expression in the subset of HCC expressing stemness‐related markers such as EpCAM and Cytokeratin‐19. Functional networks reveal that most of these genes expressed in correlation to Tspan15 support cell proliferation. Furthermore, Tspan15 overexpression in the hepatoma cell line HepG2 significantly increases cell proliferation. A quantitative proteomic analysis of the secretome reveals a higher abundance of the protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a pleiotropic matricellular signaling protein. Proteomic profiling of Tspan15 complexes allows identifying numerous membrane proteins including several growth factor receptors. Finally, Tspan15 increases ERK1/2 phosphorylation that directly controls CTGF expression and secretion. In conclusion, Tspan15 is a new stemness‐related marker in HCC which exhibits high potential of tumor growth and recurrence.
Genetic homogenisation of two major orchid viruses through global trade‐based dispersal of their hosts
Authors: Fogell Deborah J. , Kundu Samit , Roberts David L. 
Published: August 2019

Societal Impact StatementOrchid viruses are capable of causing flower deformities and death, which can severely impact the horticultural industry and wild orchid conservation. Here we show how two of these quickly evolving viruses display few genetic differences since their first emergence, across countries and host plants. This is concerning as, despite biosecurity regulations to control the movement of orchids and their related pathogens, these patterns are suggestive of rapid and regular international movement of horticultural material. Poor biosecurity practices could threaten the orchid horticultural industry and result in the accidental translocation or reintroduction of infected plant material intended to recover wild populations.
Genomic and clinical characterization of pulmonary‐only metastatic prostate cancer: A unique molecular subtype
Authors: Shenderov Eugene , Isaacsson Velho Pedro , Awan Anas H. , Wang Hao , Mirkheshti Nooshin , Lotan Tamara L. , Carducci Michael A. , Pardoll Drew M. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIsolated pulmonary involvement is uncommon in metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). To characterize outcomes and molecular alterations of this unique patient subset, we conducted a retrospective review of patients with hormone‐naïve prostate cancer presenting with lung‐only metastases.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐institution study. Medical records of 25 patients presenting with pulmonary‐only metastases before receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were analyzed. Germline and/or somatic genomic results, where available (n = 16), were documented. Tumor tissue was analyzed using clinical‐grade next‐generation DNA sequencing assays. Clinical endpoints included complete prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response to ADT (<0.1 ng/mL), median overall survival (OS) from time of ADT initiation, median PSA progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS), and failure‐free survival (FFS) at 4 years.ResultsBaseline characteristics were notable for 48% of men (12 of 25) having first or second‐degree relatives with prostate cancer, compared with 20% expected. Complete PSA responses to ADT were noted in 52% of men, with a median PSA‐PFS of 66 months, a 4‐year FFS rate of 72%, and a median OS that was not reached after 190 months. In evaluable patients, molecular drivers were enriched for mismatch repair mutations (4 of 16, 25%) and homologous‐recombination deficiency mutations (4 of 16, 25%). These results are limited by the small sample size and retrospective nature of this analysis.ConclusionsThis exploratory study represents one of the largest cohorts of lung‐only mHSPC patients to‐date. The prevalence of actionable DNA‐repair gene alterations was higher than anticipated (any DNA‐repair mutation: 8 of 16, 50%). Compared to historical data, these patients appear to have exceptional and durable responses to first‐line ADT. This study suggests that pulmonary‐tropic mHSPC biology may be fundamentally different from nonpulmonary mHSPC.
Comparative dynamics of tropomyosin in vertebrates and invertebrates
Authors: James Jose K. , Nanda Vikas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTropomyosin (Tpm) is an extended α‐helical coiled‐coil homodimer that regulates actinomyosin interactions in muscle. Molecular simulations of four Tpms, two from the vertebrate class Mammalia (rat and pig), and two from the invertebrate class Malacostraca (shrimp and lobster), showed that despite extensive sequence and structural homology across metazoans, dynamic behavior—particularly long‐range structural fluctuations—were clearly distinct. Vertebrate Tpms were more flexible and sampled complex, multi‐state conformational landscapes. Invertebrate Tpms were more rigid, sampling a highly constrained harmonic landscape. Filtering of trajectories by principle component analysis into essential subspaces showed significant overlap within but not between phyla. In vertebrate Tpms, hinge‐regions decoupled long‐range interhelical motions and suggested distinct domains. In contrast, crustacean Tpms did not exhibit long‐range dynamic correlations—behaving more like a single rigid rod on the nanosecond time scale. These observations suggest there may be divergent mechanisms for Tpm binding to actin filaments, where conformational flexibility in mammalian Tpm allows a preorganized shape complementary to the filament surface, and where rigidity in the crustacean Tpm requires concerted bending and binding.
Site‐Specific Construction of Long‐Term Drug Depot for Suppression of Tumor Recurrence
Authors: Cheng Dong‐Bing , Zhang Xue‐Hao , Gao Yu‐Juan , Wang Dong , Wang Lei , Chen Hao , Qiao Zeng‐Ying , Wang Hao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLocal tumor recurrence after surgical resection is a critical concern in cancer therapy, and the current treatments, such as postsurgical chemotherapy, still show undesired side effects. Here a nonimplant strategy (transformation induced localization, TIL) is presented to in situ construct long‐term retentive drug depots, wherein the sustained drug release from fibrous drug depots results in highly efficient suppression of postsurgical local tumor relapse. The peptide‐based prodrug nanoparticles show favorable tumor targeting and instantly reorganize into fibrous nanostructures under overexpressed enzyme, realizing the construction of long‐term drug depot in the tumor site. After the resection surgery, the remnant cancer cells are still inhibited by the sustained drug release from the fibrous prodrug depot, effectively preventing postsurgical local recurrences. This TIL strategy shows great potential in cancer recurrence therapy and offers a novel perspective for constructing functional biomaterials in vivo.
Value of pre‐construction proof loading information for structural design
Authors: Brüske Henning , Thöns Sebastian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe introduce a new concept that enables a decision analyst to explore and quantify the benefits of decision alternatives that exceed the scope of a pre‐posterior decision or value of information analysis. This new concept, namely, the expected value of sample information and action analysis, facilitates to examine decision alternatives that become only possible with additional knowledge. The concept is introduced by taking basis in proof load testing as a source of (pre‐)posterior knowledge. Pre‐posterior decision analysis is necessary in order to optimize the structural design through proof loading information. The application of the common value of information analysis and the new value of information and action analysis are demonstrated in a case study.
A systems approach to integration of military operations and law enforcement investigations: Toward a unified forensic intelligence model
Authors: Wilson Lauren E. , Kessler Michael P. , Ellis‐Smith James , Robertson James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe changing nature of war in relation to global terrorism, foreign terrorist fighters and length of conflict has resulted in a transformation of the strategic environment from previous conventional warfare. Coalition forces faced a threat environment in Iraq and Syria of nonconventional warfare that could include improvised, hybrid (a combination of improvised and conventional) and asymmetrical threats. The United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 2396 (2017) and 2322 (2016) obligates the Member States to investigate foreign terrorist fighters and requires a closer alignment between military operations and law enforcement investigations. This has called for forensic science to be employed beyond its traditional support to law enforcement investigations and for the criminal justice system to support military operations. However, there is no unified approach to forensic science support to meet national security objectives. In this review, we discuss the systems approach to the integration of military operations and law enforcement investigations as a unified forensic intelligence model.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Medicine > Historical Perspectives
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Development of tourism in Polish poviats in the years 2010–2017
Authors: Korzeniewski Jerzy , Kozłowski Maciej 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPoland is divided into 380 poviats. However the statistical data on the development of these small regions is available from official statistics, there is no study known to the authors which has analysed the mutual dependencies between the tourist development of poviats (understood either as the historic rate of development or the current state of development) and their natural potential for development. Moreover, the research and data available are not coherent methodologically because they are based on single indicators or variables. Authors’ study seeks to be more general because it combines popular tourist development indicators. The basic goals are twofold: (1) use multivariate tourist data to assess the development of all poviats; (2) compare this assessment with the tourist attractiveness of poviats. To this end, widely applied and well-known indicators of tourism and development are used, such as Charvat’s index and Schneider’s index. Statistical tools used are graphs and correlation analysis.