bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dicer1 Phosphomimetic Promotes Tumor Progression and Dissemination
Authors: Aryal Neeraj K. , Pant Vinod , Wasylishen Amanda R. , Rimel Bobbie J. , Baseler Laura , El-Naggar Adel K. , Mutch David G. , Goodfellow Paul J. , Arur Swathi , Lozano Guillermina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Dicer1 functions as a tumor suppressor in mouse models. In humans, somatic mutations are associated with many cancers in adults, and patients with DICER1 syndrome with DICER1 germline mutations are susceptible to childhood cancers. Dicer is phosphorylated by the ERK-MAP kinase pathway and because this pathway is activated in human cancers, we asked whether phosphorylated Dicer1 contributed to tumor development. In human endometrioid cancers, we discovered that phosphorylated DICER1 is significantly associated with invasive disease. To test a direct involvement of Dicer1 phosphorylation in tumor development, we studied mice with phosphomimetic alterations at the two conserved serines phosphorylated by ERK and discovered that a phosphomimetic Dicer1 drives tumor development and dissemination in two independent murine cancer models (KRas+/LA1 and p53+/−). Our findings demonstrate that phosphomimetic Dicer1 promotes tumor development and invasion.

Significance:
This work highlights the relevance of Dicer1 phosphorylation in mammalian tumor development and dissemination.
Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae) of Gaya Island, Sabah
Authors: Sompud Jephte , Sompud Cynthia Boon , Pei Kurtis Jai-Chyi , Sun Nick Ching-Min , Repin Rimi , Tuh Fred 
Published: March 2019

The Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica is naturally present in Gaya Island, Sabah, but its population status is largely unknown. Results from a recent survey using camera traps indicated the presence of a few individuals, who were strictly nocturnal. There is a strong indication that the population in Gaya Island is in danger of local extinction. There is also an urgent need to conduct an in-depth study to gather scientific information for further conservation action.
Prescription Rates of Guideline‐Directed Medications Are Associated With In‐Hospital Mortality Among Japanese Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Report From JROAD‐DPC Study
Authors: Nakao Kazuhiro , Yasuda Satoshi , Nishimura Kunihiro , Noguchi Teruo , Nakai Michikazu , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Sumita Yoko , Shishido Toshiaki , Anzai Toshihisa , Ito Hiroshi , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Saito Yoshihiko , Komuro Issei , Ogawa Hisao 
Published: March 2019

Background

The JROAD‐DPC (Japanese Registry of All Cardiac and Vascular Diseases Diagnosis Procedure Combination) is a nationwide claims database comprised of the Japanese
DPC
/Per Diem Payment System. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prescription rates of guideline‐directed medications in each hospital and in‐hospital mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

A total of 61 838 Japanese patients from 741 hospitals with acute myocardial infarction between 2012 and 2013 were enrolled. The relationship between prescription rates of 4 guideline‐directed medications for acute myocardial infarction and in‐hospital mortality was analyzed. There were variations in the prescription ratio of β‐blockers on admission (median prescription rate 23% [interquartile range 11% to 38%]) and at discharge (51% [36% to 63%]), and of angiotensin converting enzyme/receptor blocker (60% [47% to 70%]). The highest prescription rate quartile of each medication was associated with a significantly lower mortality compared with the lowest prescription rate quartile (aspirin on admission, incidence rate ratio 0.67 [95%
CI
0.61‐0.74],
P
<0.001; aspirin at discharge, incidence rate ratio 0.50 [95%
CI
0.46‐0.55],
P
<0.001; β‐blocker on admission, 0.83 [0.76‐0.92],
P
<0.001; β‐blocker at discharge, 0.78 [0.71‐0.85],
P
<0.001; angiotensin converting enzyme/receptor blocker, 0.68 [0.62‐0.75],
P
<0.001; statin, 0.63 [0.57‐0.70],
P
<0.001). The composite prescription score was inversely associated with in‐hospital mortality (β coefficient=−0.48,
P
<0.001) and was closer to the plateau in the high‐score range (median mortality for composite prescription scores of 6, 15, and 24 were 10.6%, 6.8%, and 4.6%, respectively).

Conclusions
The prescription rates of guideline‐directed medications for treatment of Japanese acute myocardial infarction patients were inversely associated with in‐hospital mortality.
Natural Course of Moyamoya Disease in Patients With Prior Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Kang Shuai , Liu Xingju , Zhang Dong , Wang Rong , Zhang Yan , Zhang Qian , Yang Wuyang , Zhao Ji-zong 
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
Evidence on the natural history of hemorrhagic moyamoya disease is still insufficient. We investigated the incidence of recurrent intracranial bleeding, mortality, and risk factors for rebleeding in patients with moyamoya disease.

Methods—
A total of 128 conservatively managed patients with hemorrhagic presentation and complete follow-up data were included. Recurrent hemorrhages during long-term follow-up were documented. Annual and cumulative incidence rate of bleeding was generated via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results—

The median follow-up time was 10.1 (1–27) years. During a total of 1300.7 patient-years, 47 (36.7%) patients experienced 59 occurrences of recurrent hemorrhages, rendering an average annual incidence of 4.5%. Among them, 9 patients (19.1%) died from rebleeding and 12 patients sustained severe disability (modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3). The cumulative risk of rebleeding was 7.8% at 5 years, 22.6% at 10 years, and 35.9% at 15 years. Only 4 (3.1%) patients experienced ischemic stroke, yielding an average annual incidence of 0.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that smoking (odds ratio, 4.85;
P
=0.04) was an independent risk factor of rebleeding. Rebleeding (hazard ratio, 11.04;
P
=0.02) and hypertension (hazard ratio, 4.16;
P
=0.04) were associated with increased mortality. Age, type of initial bleeding, digital subtraction angiography staging, family history, and coexisting cerebral aneurysms were not associated with increased risk of rebleeding.

Conclusions—
Rebleeding events were common and the main cause of death in patients with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease. The risk of rebleeding steadily increased during long-term follow-up. Smoking was a risk factor for rebleeding, and hypertension was associated with increased mortality.
Interrater and Intrarater Measurement Reliability of Noncontrast Computed Tomography Predictors of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Expansion
Authors: Dowlatshahi Dar , Morotti Andrea , Al-Ajlan Fahad S. , Boulouis Gregoire , Warren Andrew D. , Petrcich William , Aviv Richard I. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Goldstein Joshua N. ,   on behalf of the PREDICT Collaboration and the MGH Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
Early hematoma expansion after intracerebral hemorrhage is a potentially modifiable predictor of outcome and a promising therapeutic target. Radiological markers seen on noncontrast computed tomography can help predict hematoma expansion and risk stratify patients presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage. Our objective was to assess the interrater and intrarater reliability of 5 commonly reported noncontrast computed tomographic markers of hematoma expansion.

Methods—
Four readers independently reviewed images from 40 patients from 2 intracerebral hemorrhage imaging databases (PREDICT Collaboration [Predicting Haematoma Growth and Outcome in Intracerebral Haemorrhage Using Contrast Bolus CT] and Massachusetts General Hospital). Readers were blind to all demographic and outcome data and used accepted definitions to establish the presence or absence of intrahematoma hypodensities, blend sign, fluid level, irregular hematoma morphology, and heterogeneous hematoma density. We calculated interrater and intrarater agreement and stratified kappas for the 5 imaging markers.

Results—
Interrater agreement was excellent for all 5 markers, ranging from 94% to 98%. Interrater kappas ranged from 0.67 to 0.91 (the lowest for fluid level). Interrater agreement had a similar pattern, ranging from 89% to 93%, with Kappas ranging from 0.60 to 0.89.

Conclusions—
We show that 5 commonly used noncontrast computed tomographic imaging findings all have good-to-excellent interrater and intrarater reliabilities, with the best kappa for blend sign, hypodensities, and heterogeneity.
Designation of a lectotype for Pseudoceros kylie Newman &amp; Cannon, 1998 (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocerotidae)
Authors: HALL KATHRYN A. , ADLARD ROBERT D. 
Published: March 2019

Recently, we have been examining the literature relevant to Australian “Turbellaria” (Phylum Platyhelminthes) and have noticed that there was an omission in the paper of Newman & Cannon (1998). In this work, Newman & Cannon proposed several new species of Pseudoceros Lang, 1884. There appears to have been an oversight in the typification of one species, Pseudoceros kylie Newman & Cannon, 1998, in that no types were officially designated. Here we recommend new types, which we propose to designate as lectotype and paralectotypes, based on the material examined by Newman & Cannon in their description. All of this material is deposited currently in the Queensland Museum, Australia.
Predictive Statistical Representations of Observed and Simulated Rainfall Using Generalized Linear Models
Authors: Yang Junho , Jun Mikyoung , Schumacher Courtney , Saravanan R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study explores the feasibility of predicting subdaily variations and the climatological spatial patterns of rain in the tropical Pacific from atmospheric profiles using a set of generalized linear models: logistic regression for rain occurrence and gamma regression for rain amount. The prediction is separated into different rain types from TRMM satellite radar observations (stratiform, deep convective, and shallow convective) and CAM5 simulations (large-scale and convective). Environmental variables from MERRA-2 and CAM5 are used as predictors for TRMM and CAM5 rainfall, respectively. The statistical models are trained using environmental fields at 0000 UTC and rainfall from 0000 to 0600 UTC during 2003. The results are used to predict 2004 rain occurrence and rate for MERRA-2/TRMM and CAM5 separately. The first EOF profile of humidity and the second EOF profile of temperature contribute most to the prediction for both statistical models in each case. The logistic regression generally performs well for all rain types, but does better in the east Pacific compared to the west Pacific. The gamma regression produces reasonable geographical rain amount distributions but rain rate probability distributions are not predicted as well, suggesting the need for a different, higher-order model to predict rain rates. The results of this study suggest that statistical models applied to TRMM radar observations and MERRA-2 environmental parameters can predict the spatial patterns and amplitudes of tropical rainfall in the time-averaged sense. Comparing the observationally trained models to models that are trained using CAM5 simulations points to possible deficiencies in the convection parameterization used in CAM5.
Evaluation of Evapotranspiration over a Semiarid Region Using Multiresolution Data Sources
Authors: Jamshidi Sajad , Zand-parsa Shahrokh , Pakparvar Mojtaba , Niyogi Dev 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) estimation is important for water management decision tools. In this study, different ET data with varying resolution, accuracy, and functionality were reviewed over a semiarid, data-sparse region in southern Iran. Study results showed that the widely used reanalysis and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets have relatively high uncertainty and underestimated ET over the sparse heterogeneous landscape. On the other hand, fine-resolution ET datasets using Landsat imagery with Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) and Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) algorithms, yielded high accuracy. Evaluation of METRIC and SEBS models in estimating seasonal crop water use showed a mean absolute error of 5% and 13%, respectively. The Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CMSAF) data were used as radiation input to the models and were found to be a representative data source with daily average RMSE of 70 W m−2. An average crop coefficient Kc was estimated for the region and was obtained as 0.77. The study proposes and applies a hybrid framework that uses reference ET from simple diagnostic models (such as the REF-ET tool) and calculates actual ET by using the satellite-derived regionally and locally representative Kc values. The ET estimates generated with the framework were regionally representative and required low computational resources. The study findings have the potential to provide practical guidance to local farmers and water managers to generate useful and usable decision-making tools, especially for ET assessments in the study region and other data-sparse areas.
Quadratic Phase Coding for High Duty Cycle Radar Operation
Authors: Mead James B. , Pazmany Andrew L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuadratically varying phase codes applied from pulse to pulse can be used to impart a range-dependent frequency shift in the decoded signal of a pulsed radar. Radars employing such codes can operate at extremely high pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) with overlaid signals from multiple echo trips separated in the spectral domain. When operating at high PRFs, the radar duty cycle can approach 50% in a single-antenna system. High duty cycle operation results in a substantial increase in average transmit power with a proportional increase in signal processing gain as compared to a conventional pulsed radar. The shortest quadratic phase code, or base code, has a length equal to the number of echo trips M that can be unambiguously resolved in the spectral domain. The decoded waveform is essentially free from range sidelobes under ideal conditions. However, amplitude and phase errors associated with nonideal phase coding result in range sidelobes that appear at all echo trips in the decoded signal. These sidelobes can be suppressed by using a composite phase code composed of a periodically repeating base phase code added to a much longer quadratic code with a proportionally slower phase variation. Meteorological data gathered with a Ka-band radar operating at 3.0-MHz PRF at 45% duty cycle are presented. A comparison of these data with data gathered in short-pulse mode at a duty cycle of 0.3% exhibited a 21-dB improvement in the Doppler spectrum signal-to-noise ratio, equal to the ratio of the respective duty cycles.
Making Sense of the Cognitive Task of Medication Reconciliation Using a Card Sorting Task
Authors: Bitan Yuval , Parmet Yisrael , Greenfield Geva , Teng Shelly , Cook Richard I. , Nunnally Mark E. 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To explore cognitive strategies clinicians apply while performing a medication reconciliation task, handling incomplete and conflicting information. Background: Medication reconciliation is a method clinicians apply to find and resolve inconsistencies in patients’ medications and medical conditions lists. The cognitive strategies clinicians use during reconciliation are unclear. Controlled lab experiments can explore how clinicians make sense of uncertain, missing, or conflicting information and therefore support the development of a human performance model. We hypothesize that clinicians apply varied cognitive strategies to handle this task and that profession and experience affect these strategies. Method: 130 clinicians participated in a tablet-based experiment conducted in a large American teaching hospital. They were asked to simulate medication reconciliation using a card sorting task (CaST) to organize medication and medical condition lists of a specific clinical case. Later on, they were presented with new information and were asked to add it to their arrangements. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed the ways clinicians arranged patient information. Results: Four distinct cognitive strategies were identified (“Conditions first”: n = 76 clinicians, “Medications first”: n = 7, “Crossover”: n = 17, and “Alternating”: n = 10). The strategy clinicians applied was affected by their experience ( p = .02) but not by their profession. At the appearance of new information, clinicians moved medication cards more frequently (75.2 movements vs. 49.6 movements, p < .001), suggesting that they match medications to medical conditions. Conclusion: Clinicians apply various cognitive strategies while reconciling medications and medical conditions. Application: Clinical information systems should support multiple cognitive strategies, allowing flexibility in organizing information.
American Society of Anesthesiologists Class as Predictor for Perioperative Morbidity in Head and Neck Free Flaps
Authors: Small Luke T. , Lampkin Madison , Vural Emre , Moreno Mauricio A. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate outcomes of free flaps in low‐ versus high‐risk American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes utilizing a standardized perioperative clinical pathway.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingSingle tertiary care academic institution.Subjects and MethodsData were collected from 301 patients who underwent 305 free flap reconstructions for head and neck defects from January 2012 to March 2016 by a single surgeon (M.M.). A standardized perioperative clinical pathway was utilized for all patients, aimed at abbreviating hospital stay and minimizing intensive care unit stay. Data included ASA classification, comorbidities, length of hospitalization, intensive care unit stay, 30‐day mortality/readmission, discharge disposition, flap survival, and postoperative complications. Low‐risk ASA classes were defined as 1 and 2 (n = 53) and high risk as 3 and 4 (n = 248).ResultsTotal medical complication rates (P =. 012) were mildly increased in the high‐risk group, as a result of increased minor—not major—medical complication rates (P =. 007). Discharge to a nursing or rehabilitation facility was found to be more common in the high‐risk group (P =. 024). All other outcomes were not statistically different between the cohorts.ConclusionThe ASA classification system is a validated tool in determining perioperative risk. We found that minor medical complications and discharge to a rehabilitation/nursing facility were increased in the high‐risk ASA classes; otherwise, there were no statistical differences between the groups. These findings suggest that the ASA classification may be helpful for preoperative discharge planning and counseling but should not be used for patient selection or to assess candidacy for the procedure.
The Sternocleidomastoid Myocutaneous Flap: A Laryngeal Preservation Option for Total Hypopharyngoesophageal Stenosis
Authors: Paknezhad Hassan , Borchard Nicole A. , Lee Gordon K. , Damrose Edward J. 
Published: March 2019

Complete hypopharyngoesophageal (HPE) stenosis is rare and a challenging condition to treat. When endoscopic therapy fails, total laryngectomy with or without pharyngeal reconstruction is usually performed. We present a retrospective case series involving 3 patients with complete HPE stenosis who failed endoscopic repair and were gastrostomy dependent. All were managed successfully with the sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous (SCM) flap. A temporary fistula occurred in 1 patient. Hospitalization ranged from 5 to 15 days, patients resumed oral intake from 21 to 82 days postoperatively, and their gastrostomy tubes were removed from 28 to 165 days postoperatively. We suggest that the SCM flap is a laryngeal preservation option for reconstruction of complete HPE stenosis when endoscopic techniques fail. This flap allows HPE repair and reconstruction within the same surgical field, imposes no significant donor site morbidity, and affords good functional and cosmetic outcomes.
Industry Involvement in Otolaryngology: Updates from the 2017 Open Payments Database
Authors: Morse Elliot , Berson Elisa , Mehra Saral 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo characterize drug and device industry payments to otolaryngologists in 2017 and compare them with payments from 2014 to 2016.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional analysis.Setting2017 Open Payments Database.Subjects and MethodsWe identified otolaryngologists in the Open Payments Database receiving nonresearch industry payments in 2017. We determined the total number and value of payments and the mean and median payments per compensated otolaryngologist. We characterized payments by census region, nature of payment, and sponsor subspecialty.ResultsA total of 8131 otolaryngologists received 66,414 payments totaling to $11.2 million in industry compensation in 2017. This is decreased from $14.5 million in 2016. The mean and median payment per compensated otolaryngologist was $1383 ($10,459) and $159 ($64‐$420), respectively. Of the total compensation, 85% was received by the top 10th percentile of otolaryngologists. Speaking fees accounted for $3.1 million (28% of total payments), and food and beverage was the most common payment type (57,691 payments; 87%). Consulting fees decreased by $1 million from 2016 to 2017, and ownership interests decreased by $1.2 million from 2016 to 2017. The south had the highest total compensation value ($4.2 million), while the west had the highest mean payment value ($1561). Rhinology accounted for the highest proportion of payments of all otolaryngology subspecialties at $3.9 million (34%).ConclusionIndustry payments to otolaryngologists decreased to $11.2 million in 2017 from $14.5 million in 2016. Much of the decrease can be attributed to decreases in consulting fees and ownership payments. It is important that otolaryngologists remain aware of changes in industry funding with each release of the Open Payments Database.
A Prospective Study of Outcomes of Septoplasty with Turbinate Reductions in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Gillman Grant S. , Staltari Giuseppe V. , Chang Yue‐Fang , Mattos Jose L. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveExamine outcomes of septoplasty with turbinate reductions in patients with allergic rhinitis as compared to patients without allergic rhinitis using validated outcome and quality‐of‐life (QOL) instruments.Study DesignProspective observational cohort study.SettingSingle surgeon, university hospital.Subjects and MethodsConsecutive study‐eligible patients with a symptomatic nasal septal deviation, with (n = 30) or without (n = 30) documented allergic rhinitis, were enrolled from March 2014 to February 2017. All patients subsequently underwent nasal septoplasty and inferior turbinate reductions. Outcomes were studied using the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, mini–Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (mini‐RQLQ), and Ease‐of‐Breathing (EOB) Likert scores completed preoperatively and, together with a patient satisfaction Likert, at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.ResultsNOSE scores, EOB scores, and mini‐RQLQ scores improved significantly in both groups at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results were sustained from 3 to 6 months. Although mini‐RQLQ scores in allergic patients were higher at all intervals, the magnitude of change in scores in both groups was comparable.ConclusionAlthough patients with allergic rhinitis report greater allergy‐related QOL impairment (mini‐RQLQ) on a day‐to‐day basis than nonallergic patients, this does not appear to attenuate the benefit they might experience from septoplasty and turbinate reductions when indicated for nasal obstruction. Furthermore, the symptomatic relief of their structural nasal obstruction appears to significantly improve their overall allergy‐related quality of life. If appropriate expectations are set pre‐operatively, allergic rhinitis is neither a contraindication nor a deterrent to septoplasty and turbinate reductions and these patients can reasonably expect a high degree of satisfaction post‐operatively.