bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunction interferometry using the electron mobility visibility and mean free path relationship
Authors: Pornsuwancharoen N. , Youplao P. , Amiri I. S. , Aziz M. S. , Tran Q. L. , Ali J. , Yupapin P. , Grattan K. T. V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA conventional Michelson interferometer is modified and used to form the various types of interferometers. The basic system consists of a conventional Michelson interferometer with silicon‐graphene‐gold embedded between layers on the ports. When light from the monochromatic source is input into the system via the input port (silicon waveguide), the change in optical path difference (OPD) of light traveling in the stacked layers introduces the change in the optical phase, which affects to the electron mean free path within the gold layer, induces the change in the overall electron mobility can be seen by the interferometer output visibility. Further plasmonic waves are introduced on the graphene thin film and the electron mobility occurred within the gold layer, in which the light‐electron energy conversion in terms of the electron mobility can be observed, the gold layer length is 100 nm. The measurement resolution in terms of the OPD of
50 nm is achieved. In applications, the outputs of the drop port device of the modified Michelson interferometer can be arranged by the different detectors, where the polarized light outputs, the photon outputs, the electron spin outputs can be obtained by the interference fringe visibility, mobility visibility and the spin up‐down splitting output energies. The modified Michelson interferometer theory and the detection schemes are given in details.
Preoperative biliary drainage associated with biliary stricture after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a population‐based study
Authors: Wu Chien‐Hui , Ho Te‐Wei , Wu Jin‐Ming , Kuo Ting‐Chun , Yang Ching‐Yao , Lai Fei‐Pei , Tien Yu‐Wen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of preoperative biliary drainage for pancreaticoduodenectomy has been increasing despite most recent evidence that favors avoiding it. Only a few studies have focused on late surgical complications – biliary stricture after pancreaticoduodenectomy and have produced only inconclusive results. We evaluate the role of preoperative biliary drainage in the formation of biliary stricture after pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsThe Taiwan National Health Insurance Program is a mandatory health care plan that covers nearly the entire population of 23 million in this country. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the database compiled by the Taiwan National Health Insurance between January 2000 and December 2011. We included only patients with at least 2 years of follow‐up. A cohort of 2,087 patients with preoperative diagnosis of biliary obstruction that underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy was evaluated.ResultsA total of 212 (10.1%) of the 2,087 studied patients needed intervention for biliary stricture after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The median time to biliary stricture formation was 15.2 months (range: 1.2–89.7 months). The cumulative biliary stricture rate was 6.9% (1 year), 15.8% (5 years), and 18.5% (10 year). Multivariate analysis showed preoperative biliary drainage (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.27–2.50, P = 0.001) associated with biliary stricture after pancreaticoduodenectomy.ConclusionsPreoperative biliary drainage increases biliary stricture rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
The transformation from 2°‐amine to 3°‐amine of cyclam ring alters the fragmentation patterns of 1‐tosylcytosine‐cyclam conjugates
Authors: Kobetić Renata , Ključarić Valentina , Saftić Dijana , Matić Josipa , Ban Željka , Kazazić Snježana , Žinić Biserka 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe novel N‐1‐sulfonylcytosine‐cyclam conjugates 1 and 2 conjugates are ionized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) in positive and negative modes (ES+ and ES−) as singly protonated/deprotonated species or as singly or doubly charged metal complexes. Their structure and fragmentation behavior is examined by collision induced experiments. It was observed that the structure of the conjugate dictated the mode of the ionization: 1 was analyzed in ES− mode while 2 in positive mode. Complexation with metal ions did not have the influence on the ionization mode. Zn2+ and Cu2+ complexes with ligand 1 followed the similar fragmentation pattern in negative ionization mode.The transformation from 2°‐amine in 1 to 3°‐amine of cyclam ring in 2 leads to the different fragmentation patterns due to the modification of the protonation priority which changed the fragmentation channels within the conjugate itself. Cu2+ ions formed complexes practically immediately, and the priority had the cyclam portion of the ligand 2. The structure of the formed Zn2+ complexes with ligand 2 depended on the number of 3° amines within the cyclam portion of the conjugate and the ratio of the metal:ligand used. The cleavage of the cyclam ring of metal complexes is driven by the formation of the fragment that suited the coordinating demand of the metal ions and the collision energy applied. Finally, it was shown that the structure of the cyclam conjugate dictates the fragmentation reactions and not the metal ions.
Seasonal critical concentration and relationships of leaf phosphorus and potassium status with biomass and yield traits of soybean
Authors: Singh Shardendu K. , Reddy Vangimalla R. , Sicher Richard C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAnalysis of uppermost fully expanded leaves is useful to detect a deficiency of mineral nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in soybean. Although, the leaf P or K status aids in fertilizer management, information on nutrient seasonal relationships with growth and yield traits at maturity are limited. To investigate this, soybean was grown under varying P or K nutrition under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations. Results show significant relationships of the relative total biomass and yield‐related traits with the foliar P and K concentrations measured several times in the season across CO2 levels. However, the relationships established earlier in the season showed that the growth period between 25 and 37 d after planting (DAP), representing the beginning of flowering and pod, respectively, is the best for leaf sampling to determine the foliar P or K status. The leaf P and K status as well as the critical leaf P (CLPC) and K (CLKC) concentrations for traits such as seed yield peaked around 30 DAP (R2 stage) and tended to decline thereafter with the plant age. The CLPC and CLKC of seed yield indicate that the leaf P and K concentration of at least 2.74 mg g−1 and 19.06 mg g−1, respectively, in the uppermost fully expanded leaves are needed between 25 and 37 DAP for near‐optimum soybean yield. Moreover, the greatest impact of P and K deficiency occurred for the traits that contribute the most to the soybean yield (e.g., relative total biomass, seed yield, pod and seed numbers), while traits such as seed number per pod, seed size, and shelling percentages were the least affected and showed smaller leaf critical concentration. The CLPC or CLKC for biomass and seed yield was greater under elevated CO2 24–25 DAP but varied thereafter. These results are useful to researchers and farmers to understand the dynamics of the relationship of pre‐harvest leaf P and K status with soybean productivity at maturity, and in the determination of suitable growth stage to collect leaf samples.
A framework for identifying treatment‐covariate interactions in individual participant data network meta‐analysis
Authors: Freeman S. C. , Fisher D. , Tierney J. F. , Carpenter J. R. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Stratified medicine seeks to identify patients most likely to respond to treatment. Individual participant data (IPD) network meta‐analysis (NMA) models have greater power than individual trials to identify treatment‐covariate interactions (TCIs). Treatment‐covariate interactions contain “within” and “across” trial interactions, where the across‐trial interaction is more susceptible to confounding and ecological bias.Methods: We considered a network of IPD from 37 trials (5922 patients) for cervical cancer (2394 events), where previous research identified disease stage as a potential interaction covariate. We compare 2 models for NMA with TCIs: (1) 2 effects separating within‐ and across‐trial interactions and (2) a single effect combining within‐ and across‐trial interactions. We argue for a visual assessment of consistency of within‐ and across‐trial interactions and consider more detailed aspects of interaction modelling, eg, common vs trial‐specific effects of the covariate. This leads us to propose a practical framework for IPD NMA with TCIs.Results: Following our framework, we found no evidence in the cervical cancer network for a treatment‐stage interaction on the basis of the within‐trial interaction. The NMA provided additional power for an across‐trial interaction over and above the pairwise evidence. Following our proposed framework, we found that the within‐ and across‐trial interactions should not be combined.Conclusion: Across‐trial interactions are susceptible to confounding and ecological bias. It is important to separate the sources of evidence to check their consistency and identify which sources of evidence are driving the conclusion. Our framework provides practical guidance for researchers, reducing the risk of unduly optimistic interpretation of TCIs.
Pre‐harvest factors related to sensory profile of Passiflora setacea nectars, a wild passion fruit from Brazilian savannah
Authors: de Carvalho Mariana Veras Oliveira , de Oliveira Lívia de Lacerda , Melo Lauro , Costa Ana Maria 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPassiflora setacea DC. is a passion fruit species native from Brazilian savannah characterized by naturally sweet sensory characteristics. The sensory quality of the pulp can be affected by the growing environment. The effect of training systems (trellis or espalier), seasons (the weather conditions in periods of drought and rain) and addition of seeds to the juice (25%) were evaluated, with emphasis on the sensory quality of P. setacea nectars.RESULTSTraining systems of P. setacea plantation did not influence flavor or aroma of nectars. Season had an effect on texture attributes. Although training system and season had impact on pH, total soluble solid (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA), polyphenolics and condensed tannins content, these environment factors had no influence on acceptance. Seeds addition had a negative effect on overall liking. Frequency of consumption of passion fruit and functional food did not influence nectar preference whereas being neophilic or having higher level of knowledge about functional foods favored greater acceptance of P. setacea nectars.CONCLUSIONPassiflora setacea nectar is a potential functional beverage, due its bioactive contents. Training system and season had no influence on acceptance as isolated factors. However, there was an interaction between these factors, which could be considered to market projection, as well as the addition of seeds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Phytochemical composition of smoothies combining pomegranate juice (Punica granatum L) and Mediterranean minor crop purées (Ficus carica, Cydonia oblonga, and Ziziphus jujube)
Authors: Cano‐Lamadrid Marina , Nowicka Paulina , Hernández Francisca , Carbonell‐Barrachina Angel A , Wojdyło Aneta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDDaily intake of fruits and vegetables as suggested by the World Health Organization is lower than the recommended dietary intake (RDI). A good option to increase the intake of fruit and vegetables is the consumption of smoothies. This work evaluated the effect of adding fig, jujube or quince purée to pomegranate juice (cultivars 'Wonderful' and 'Mollar de Elche') in preparing smoothies at two ratios of purée:juice (40:60 and 60:40) on the composition of minerals, sugars, organic acids, vitamin C, antioxidant activity and polyphenols.RESULTSSmoothies composition was mainly affected by the addition of the fruit purée. Twenty‐eight polyphenolic compounds were found in the pomegranate smoothies (quadrupole time‐of‐flight liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry). The highest total content of polyphenolic compounds (ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array and fluorescence detection) was found in smoothies with quince purée, 501 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight (FW), followed by jujube and figs, with 374 and 320 mg 100 g−1 FW, respectively. Fig smoothies were rich in anthocyanins, while the jujube ones had high content of flavonols and vitamin C; finally, the quince smoothies were rich in hydroxycinnamic acids.CONCLUSIONA positive effect of the addition of minor crops (fig, jujube and quince) was observed on the nutritional and functionality of the novel pomegranate smoothies. Moreover, the addition of jujube contributed to an enrichment of the final smoothies in vitamin C and organic acids, while an increase of pectin content was found in fig and quince pomegranate based smoothies. Therefore, the blend of minor Mediterranean crop purées with pomegranate juice to produce smoothies is a good strategy to promote the consumption of these healthy but underutilized fruits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
TGA‐FTIR study of the pyrolysis of sodium citrate and its effect on the pyrolysis of tobacco and tobacco/SBA‐15 mixtures under N2 and air atmospheres
Authors: Marcilla Antonio , Gómez‐Siurana Amparo , Beltrán Maribel , Martínez‐Castellanos Isabel , Blasco Inmaculada , Berenguer Deseada 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work, the effect of sodium citrate mixed with tobacco, in the presence and absence of SBA‐15 material, was studied by thermogravimetric analysis coupled to Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry under N2 and air atmospheres. Depending on the atmosphere used, the decomposition of sodium citrate changes considerably at high temperatures, mainly due to the oxidation of the residue. The analysis of the experimental and calculated derivative thermogravimetric data of the sodium citrate/SBA‐15 mixtures allows the observation of marked widening of the peaks appearing at lower temperatures, due to the presence of SBA‐15, while the expected peak at high temperatures in air completely disappears.The presence of sodium citrate in tobacco and tobacco/SBA‐15 mixtures produces changes, especially in air atmosphere, where the main peaks increase their intensity, whereas decreasing that of the oxidation of the residue at around 450 °C and an important peak appears at 630 °C. In N2 atmosphere, all decomposition processes of tobacco proceed at lower temperatures and with higher intensities. The peak due to the citrate at temperatures around 200 °C completely disappears in all samples. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ionic Dependence of Gelatin Hydrogel Architecture Explored Using Small and Very Small Angle Neutron Scattering Technique
Authors: Wu Baohu , Siglreitmeier Maria , Debus Christian , Schwahn Dietmar , Cölfen Helmut , Pipich Vitaliy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe hierarchical structure of gelatin hydrogels mimics a natural extracellular matrix and provides an optimized microenvironment for the growth of 3D structured tissue analogs. In the presence of metal ions, gelatin hydrogels exhibit various mechanical properties that are correlated with the molecular interactions and the hierarchical structure. The structure and structural response of gelatin hydrogels to variation of gelatin concentration, pH, or addition of metal ions are explored by small and very small angle neutron scattering over broad length scales. The measurements of the hydrogels reveal the existence of a two‐level structure of colloid‐like large clusters and a 3D cage‐like gel network. In the presence of Fe3+ ions the hydrogels show a highly dense and stiff network, while Ca2+ ions have an opposite effect. The results provide important structural insight for improvement of the design of gelatin based hydrogels and are therefore suitable for various applications.
Highly Mechanical and Fatigue‐Resistant Double Network Hydrogels by Dual Physically Hydrophobic Association and Ionic Crosslinking
Authors: Zhang Baoyuan , Gao Zijian , Gao Guanghui , Zhao Wei , Li Jiasheng , Ren Xiuyan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDouble network (DN) hydrogels with high strength and toughness are considered as promising soft materials. Herein, a dual physically cross‐linked hydrophobic association polyacrylamide (HPAAm)/alginate‐Ca2+ DN hydrogel is reported, consisting of a HPAAm network and a Ca2+ cross‐linked alginate network. The HPAAm/alginate‐Ca2+ DN hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties with the fracture stress of 1.16 MPa (3.0 and 1.7 times higher than that of HPAAm hydrogel and HPAAm/alginate hydrogel, respectively), fracture strain of 2604%, elastic modulus of 71.79 kPa, and toughness of 14.20 MJ m−3. HPAAm/alginate‐Ca2+ DN hydrogels also demonstrate self‐recovery, notch‐insensitivity, and fatigue resistance properties without any external stimuli at room temperature through reversible physical bonds consisting of hydrophobic association and ionic crosslinking. As a result, the dual physical crosslinking would offer an avenue to design DN hydrogels with desirable properties for broadening current applications of soft materials.
On automorphisms of Enriques surfaces and their entropy
Authors: Matsumoto Yuya , Ohashi Hisanori , Rams Sławomir 
Published: May 2018

AbstractConsider an arbitrary automorphism of an Enriques surface with its lift to the covering K3 surface. We prove a bound of the order of the lift acting on the anti‐invariant cohomology sublattice of the Enriques involution. We use it to obtain some mod 2 constraint on the original automorphism. As an application, we give a necessary condition for Salem numbers to be dynamical degrees on Enriques surfaces and obtain a new lower bound on the minimal value. In the Appendix, we give a complete list of Salem numbers that potentially could be the minimal dynamical degree on Enriques surfaces and for which the existence of geometric automorphisms is unknown.
Next generation sequencing panel based on single molecule molecular inversion probes for detecting genetic variants in children with hypopituitarism
Authors: Pérez Millán María I. , Vishnopolska Sebastian A. , Daly Alexandre Z. , Bustamante Juan P. , Seilicovich Adriana , Bergadá Ignacio , Braslavsky Débora , Keselman Ana C. , Lemons Rosemary M. , Mortensen Amanda H. , Marti Marcelo A. , Camper Sally A. , Kitzman Jacob O. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundCongenital Hypopituitarism is caused by genetic and environmental factors. Over 30 genes have been implicated in isolated and/or combined pituitary hormone deficiency. The etiology remains unknown for up to 80% of the patients, but most cases have been analyzed by limited candidate gene screening. Mutations in the PROP1 gene are the most common known cause, and the frequency of mutations in this gene varies greatly by ethnicity. We designed a custom array to assess the frequency of mutations in known hypopituitarism genes and new candidates, using single molecule molecular inversion probes sequencing (smMIPS).MethodsWe used this panel for the first systematic screening for causes of hypopituitarism in children. Molecular inversion probes were designed to capture 693 coding exons of 30 known genes and 37 candidate genes. We captured genomic DNA from 51 pediatric patients with CPHD (n = 43) or isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) (n = 8) and their parents and conducted next generation sequencing.ResultsWe obtained deep coverage over targeted regions and demonstrated accurate variant detection by comparison to whole‐genome sequencing in a control individual. We found a dominant mutation GH1, p.R209H, in a three‐generation pedigree with IGHD.ConclusionssmMIPS is an efficient and inexpensive method to detect mutations in patients with hypopituitarism, drastically limiting the need for screening individual genes by Sanger sequencing.
Compact size of the Wilkinson power divider with transmission‐line using π‐model transformation method
Authors: Lee Tae‐Hyeon , Yoon Ki‐Cheol 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article, the new compact size of the transmission line (TL) using a π‐model transformation method is suggested and applied to the design of a Wilkinson power divider (WPD). The proposed WPD is smaller than the conventional WPD, and the designed WPD is used for distributed elements. The new and conventional WPDs are 9.86 × 11.1 mm2 and 28.2 × 28.6 mm2, respectively. The advantages of the proposed WPD are its very simple structure and low cost. The proposed WPD with a compact TL using a π‐model transformation method can be applied to mobile communication systems.
An antenna group delay measurement method based on three‐antenna extrapolation and least residual error curve fitting technique
Authors: Lin Haoyu , Song Zhenfei , Wang Xuetian , Gao Hongmin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article presents an antenna group delay (GD) measurement method based on the three‐antenna extrapolation technique and a least residual error curve fitting. The system GD is measured as a function of distances in an extrapolation range; then the antenna GD is determined together with antenna scattering characteristic (SC) defined by Kerns using GD variation curve fitting according to the measurement model and measured data. Measurement in frequency band of (1575.42 ± 16) MHz for a standard gain horn antenna is given, and the results of the antenna GD and SC at 1575.42 MHz are 2.83 ns and 0.36, respectively. The GD measurement results are with good agreement with our previously developed method, within a difference of 0.05 ns in the whole frequency band, and thus proposed method is cross‐checked. Although the proposed method is a little complicated and time consuming, its unique advantages are still prominent, as the optimization is a general solution for eliminating antenna multiple reflection; and the method can determine the two parameters of antenna GD and SC simultaneously.
Design of a graphene‐based patch antenna on glass substrate for high‐speed terahertz communications
Authors: Goyal Rahul , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor the development of terahertz (THz) wireless communication systems, the antenna needs to be in micrometer size range and give high far‐field gain. Graphene is highly conductive, thermally and electrically; this article puts forward a transparent graphene‐based patch antenna with metal lobbing, it resonates nearly at 1 THz and has gain nearly 5 dB. It investigates the effect of chemical potential of graphene on the return loss and resonant frequency of the antenna, this would represent the most effective way to tune radiation characteristics by tuning graphene surface impedance. The performance of designed graphene antenna is compared with its metallic counterpart as a reference antenna, the former outperforms the latter in terms of spectral characteristics. Besides that, metallic thin films are prone to fail because of microcracks which give a compelling reason to switch to graphene antenna for future communication in the THz domain.
Leaky wave antenna for wide range of beam scanning through broadside in dielectric image line environment
Authors: Prasad Chandra Shekhar , Biswas Animesh , Akhtar M. Jaleel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this letter, a broadband leaky wave antenna based on dielectric image line (DIL) is proposed in Ku‐band. An H‐shaped metal strip is used to mitigated the open stop band problem. A prototype is measured which exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 33.2% (11.3–15.8 GHz) and the beam scanning of 98° (−60° to 38°) through broadside. The measured peak gain in the band is 15 dBi.