bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco‐Friendly Higher Manganese Silicide Thermoelectric Materials: Progress and Future Challenges
Authors: Liu Wei‐Di , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Zou Jin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs a promising thermoelectric material, higher manganese silicides are composed of earth‐abundant and eco‐friendly elements, and have attracted extensive attention for future commercialization. In this review, the authors first summarize the crystal structure, band structure, synthesis method, and pristine thermoelectric performance of different higher manganese silicides. After that, the strategies for enhancing electrical performance and reducing lattice thermal conductivity of higher manganese silicides as well as their synergism are highlighted. The application potentials including the chemical and mechanical stability of higher manganese silicides and their energy conversion efficiency of the assembled thermoelectric modules are also summarized. By analyzing the current advances in higher manganese silicides, this review proposes that potential methods of further enhancingzTof higher manganese silicides, lie in enhancing electrical performance while simultaneously reducing lattice thermal conductivity via reducing effective mass, optimizing carrier concentration, and nanostructure engineering.
Clinical features of stroke mimics in the emergency department
Authors: Okano Yuichi , Ishimatsu Kazuaki , Kato Yoichi , Yamaga Junichi , Kuwahara Ken , Okumoto Katsuki , Wada Kuniyasu 
Published: April 2018

AimTo clarify the features of stroke mimics.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated stroke mimic cases among the suspected stroke cases examined at our emergency department, over the past 9 years, during the tissue‐type plasminogen activator treatment time window.ResultsOf 1,557 suspected acute stroke cases examined at the emergency department, 137 (8.8%) were stroke mimics. The most common causes were symptomatic epilepsy (28 cases, 20.4%), neuropathy‐like symptoms (21 cases, 15.3%), and hypoglycemia (15 cases, 10.9%). Outcomes were survival to hospital discharge for 91.2% and death for 8.8% of the cases. Clinical results were significantly different between stroke mimics and the stroke group for low systolic blood pressure, low National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on initial treatment, history of diabetes, and no history of arrhythmia. On multivariate analysis, distinguishing factors for stroke mimics include systolic blood pressure ≤ 140 mmHg, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤ 5 points, history of diabetes, and no history of arrhythmia.ConclusionsFrequency of stroke mimics in cases of acute stroke suspected cases is 8.8%, and the most common cause is epilepsy. In order to distinguish stroke mimics, it is useful to understand common diseases presenting as stroke mimics and evaluate clinical features different from stroke by medical interview or nerve examination.
Lewis Base Free Oxophosphonium Ions: Tunable, Trigonal‐Planar Lewis Acids
Authors: Wünsche Marius A. , Witteler Tim , Dielmann Fabian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOxophosphonium ions (R2P=O)+ are fascinating chemical intermediates related to the well‐known acylium cations (RC=O)+, and comprise a tricoordinate phosphorus(V) center with a phosphorus–oxygen double bond. Here, we report the synthesis of two oxophosphonium ions stabilized by bulky imidazolin‐2‐imine and imidazolin‐2‐olefin substituents attached to phosphorus. The novel species were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and the bonding situation was probed by DFT calculations. Determination of the acceptor number and the fluoride ion affinity revealed that the choice of the substituents has a strong influence on the electrophilicity of the phosphorus center. Additionally, the formation of Lewis base adducts with pyridine derivatives and the reactivity with isopropyl alcohol was explored.
A functional haplotype of NFKB1 influence susceptibility to oral cancer: a population‐based and in vitro study
Authors: Chen Fa , Liu Fengqiong , Yan Lingjun , Lin Lisong , Qiu Yu , Wang Jing , Wu Junfeng , Bao Xiaodan , Hu Zhijian , Cai Lin , He Baochang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGenetic variations of NF‐κB and its inhibitor IκB genes and their biological mechanism in oral cancer were not well recognized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations of polymorphisms in NFKB1 and NFKBIA with oral cancer susceptibility, and further explore their potential mechanism in vitro. First, the polymorphisms of NFKB1 and NFKBIA were genotyped through iPLEX Sequenom MassARRAY platform in a case–control study with 425 oral cancer patients and 485 healthy controls. Then, the function was explored by a luciferase reporter assay and an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. The results indicated that NFKB1 rs28362491 Del/Del and rs72696119 G/G genotypes were associated with the risk of oral cancer, with a strong linkage disequilibrium (D′ = 0.991, r2 = 0.971). Moreover, DG haplotype of NFKB1 also showed a significant increased risk (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02–1.53, P = 0.030). Dual‐luciferase reporter assays further revealed that the plasmids with DG or IG or DC haplotype transfected with Tca‐8113 cells or CAL‐27 cells had a lower luciferase expression than that with IC haplotype. EMSA demonstrated that 4‐bp ATTG deletion in the promoter of NFKB1 abolished the binding site of transcription factor. Our preliminary findings suggest that the haplotype of rs28362491 and rs72696119 in NFKB1 could act as a novel genetic marker to predict oral cancer risk in the southeast of China, but much more extensive researches still need to be conducted.
The unusual case of dyspnea: a pancreaticopleural fistula
Authors: Singh Shashank , Yakubov Mikhail , Arya Mukul 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageDyspnea secondary to a pleural effusion is a common presentation all clinicians observe, however, usually leads to anchoring the diagnosis to cardiopulmonary etiologies. The formulation of a differential diagnosis encompassing the history of a patient cannot be emphasized enough and is paramount for accurate diagnosis, as described in this case.
Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens in combination with leuprolide for the treatment of endometriosis
Authors: Hill Amanda M. , Lessey Bruce , Flores Valerie A. , Taylor Hugh S. 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageBazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens can be used with leuprolide as effective add‐back therapy in premenopausal women with endometriosis without unwanted stimulation of the breasts, CNS (Central Nervous System), or endometrium. Bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogens may be an effective progestin‐free alternative to traditional add‐back therapies.
Idiopathic severe aplastic anemia with a delayed response to immunosuppressive therapy: a case report
Authors: Alzahrani Nujood , Ashor Nshwa , Fathi Traji , Bukhari Dania , Zaher Galila 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageBone marrow transplantation is the definitive treatment of severe aplastic anemia; however, with the absence of this option, combined immunosuppressive therapy with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine A is used as a first‐line therapy. This case report highlights the possible delay in response to ATG protocol in treating aplastic anemia.
How do Core–Shell Structure Features Impact on the Activity/Stability of the Co‐based Catalyst in Dry Reforming of Methane?
Authors: Pang Yijun , Zhong Aihua , Xu Zhijia , Jiang Wu , Gu Lingli , Feng Xinzhen , Ji Weijie , Au Chak‐Tong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDry reforming of methane has been systematically investigated over a series of x‐Co@SiO2‐y catalysts where x is the Co particle size ranging from 11.1 to 121.3 nm while y denotes the silica shell thickness ranging from 6.0 to 21.9 nm. Various techniques including TEM, XRD, H2‐TPR/‐TPD, XPS, BET, O2‐TPO, TG, and H2‐TPSR‐MS were employed to characterize physicochemical properties of catalysts. H2‐TPR and XPS results indicate that the core–shell interaction is dependent on the core size: the smaller the Co particle size is; the stronger the core–shell interaction. The investigations employing H2‐TRSR‐MS and XPS on the spent catalysts demonstrated that a fraction of metallic Co was re‐oxidized on a large‐core catalyst such as 121.3‐Co@SiO2‐72.2 during the reaction, and such oxidation leads to lower catalytic activity and stability. O2‐TPO results indicated that the catalyst with smaller core size caused significant coking. TG analysis together with TEM investigation on the used samples suggested that carbon deposition is notably core‐size‐dependent and responsible for deactivation of the small‐core catalyst. Among various core–shell structured catalysts, 27.8‐Co@SiO2‐14.3 showed superior activity and durability, owing to the well‐balanced property between coking and anti‐oxidation of Co cores.
PEEK‐WC/Nanosponge Membranes for Lithium‐Anode Protection in Rechargeable Li−O2 Batteries
Authors: Amici Julia , Alidoost Mojtaba , Caldera Fabrizio , Versaci Daniele , Zubair Usman , Trotta Francesco , Francia Carlotta , Bodoardo Silvia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDextrin‐based nanosponges (NSs) are hyper‐crosslinked polymers characterized by the ability to encapsulate a great variety of substances in liquid phase. More importantly, dextrin‐based NSs are nanostructured within a three‐dimensional network. Here, an amorphous modified polyetheretherketone (PWC) and NS‐derived from crosslinking dextrin and β‐ciclodextrins are used to prepare flat‐sheet membranes. The presence of NSs in the membrane changes the features of PWC. The PWC/NS membrane displays very low oxygen permeability, good ionic conductivity, and assure a suitable interfacial stability with Li metal. For such properties, the membrane is suitable to protect the highly reactive Li‐metal anode from oxygen crossover, dendrite formation, and from side reactions due to the oxygenated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐based electrolyte. Li−O2 lab‐scale cells are assembled with the membrane sandwiched between Li and the separator soaked by electrolyte, with continuous oxygen flow of 3 mL/min at the cathode side. XRD analysis demonstrates that the membrane does not interfere with the formation and decomposition of Li2O2. Membranes assure long cell‐cycle life at reversible capacity and better capacity retention during cycling in full discharge/charge conditions.
Dating of Archaeological Gold by Means of Solid State Electrochemistry
Authors: Doménech‐Carbó Antonio , Scholz Fritz , Doménech‐Carbó María Teresa , Piquero‐Cilla Joan , Montoya Noemí , Pasíes‐Oviedo Trinidad , Gozalbes Manuel , Melchor‐Montserrat José Manuel , Oliver Arturo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn archaeology and history of art, age determination is a fundamental analytical problem. While several techniques for age determination of various materials, like radiocarbon dating, are established, these methods cannot be applied for metals, for which new techniques have to be developed. For the first time a dating method for archaeological gold objects is described which is based on a corrosion clock and electrochemical measurements, using the voltammetry of immobilized particles. Samples are prepared by ‘one touch’ with a graphite pencil, only transferring a few nanograms of the archaeological gold. The method has been calibrated with the help of a series of well‐documented gold specimen from different prehistory museums covering the last 2600 years. Our results prove that this corrosion clock is going on a constant pace, practically independent of the environment, making it most attractive for applications in archaeometry.
Virtual Fragment Screening Identification of a Quinoline‐5,8‐dicarboxylic Acid Derivative as a Selective JMJD3 Inhibitor
Authors: Giordano Assunta , del Gaudio Federica , Johansson Catrine , Riccio Raffaele , Oppermann Udo , Di Micco Simone 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe quinoline‐5,8 dicarboxylic acid scaffold has been identified by a fragment‐based approach as new potential lead compound for the development of JMJD3 inhibitors. Among them, 3‐(2,4‐dimethoxypyrimidin‐5‐yl)quinoline‐5,8‐dicarboxylic acid (compound 3) shows low micromolar inhibitory activity against Jumonji domain‐containing protein 3 (JMJD3). The experimental evaluation of inhibitory activity against seven related isoforms of JMJD3 highlighted an unprecedented selectivity toward the biological target of interest.
Acetylene‐Mediated Synthesis of Supported Pt Nanocatalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Halonitrobenzene
Authors: Li Huan , Xu Chaofa , Mu Xiao‐Liang , Zhang Peng , Zhang Xian‐Ming , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe demonstrated that acetylene was a unique reducing agent for aqueous synthesis of ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles (NPs) supported on carbon nanotube (CNT) with high stability. Multiple techniques including X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) were employed to fully characterize this Pt catalyst. The in‐situ generated olefins from acetylene closely wrapped the Pt NPs, and turned into a very thin carbon shell in the subsequent calcination step. The carbon shell not only endowed the Pt NPs with extraordinary thermal stability, but also significantly improved the catalytic selectivity in hydrogenation of halogenated nitrobenzene by eliminating the dehalogenation reaction. Also, the acetylene‐mediated preparation method is readily scalable due to its convenience and environmental friendliness.
Introduction of Fullerenes into Hydrogels via Formation of Fullerene Nanoparticles
Authors: Sugikawa Kouta , Inoue Yuya , Kozawa Kentaro , Ikeda Atsushi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHybridization of fullerenes with hydrophilic materials is important for fullerene applications in the fields of biology and medicine. Here, we demonstrate transfer of fullerenes from the cavity of γ‐cyclodextrin to hydrogel substrates. Fullerene C60 or C70 transfers to a gelatin gel substrate at 80 °C or room temperature, respectively. Ultraviolet−visible absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy of the fullerene‐containing gel substrates reveal that formation of fullerene nanoparticles is the key process for smooth transfer of fullerene into an aqueous environment. This method is applicable for transfer of fullerenes into various types of hydrogel substrates, such as agarose and N‐isopropylacrylamide gels.
Network‐Based Approaches for Pathway Level Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Tin , Mitrea Cristina , Draghici Sorin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIdentification of impacted pathways is an important problem because it allows us to gain insights into the underlying biology beyond the detection of differentially expressed genes. In the past decade, a plethora of methods have been developed for this purpose. The last generation of pathway analysis methods are designed to take into account various aspects of pathway topology in order to increase the accuracy of the findings. Here, we cover 34 such topology‐based pathway analysis methods published in the past 13 years. We compare these methods on categories related to implementation, availability, input format, graph models, and statistical approaches used to compute pathway level statistics and statistical significance. We also discuss a number of critical challenges that need to be addressed, arising both in methodology and pathway representation, including inconsistent terminology, data format, lack of meaningful benchmarks, and, more importantly, a systematic bias that is present in most existing methods. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Accessing Expert‐Curated Pharmacological Data in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: Sharman Joanna L. , Harding Simon D. , Southan Christopher , Faccenda Elena , Pawson Adam J. , Davies Jamie A. ,   NC‐IUPHAR
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY is an expert‐curated, open‐access database of information on drug targets and the substances that act on them. This unit describes the procedures for searching and downloading ligand‐target binding data and for finding detailed annotations and the most relevant literature. The database includes concise overviews of the properties of 1,700 data‐supported human drug targets and related proteins, divided into families, and 9,000 small molecule and peptide experimental ligands and approved drugs that bind to those targets. More detailed descriptions of pharmacology, function, and pathophysiology are provided for a subset of important targets. The information is reviewed regularly by expert subcommittees of the IUPHAR Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification. A new immunopharmacology portal has recently been added, drawing together data on immunological targets, ligands, cell types, processes and diseases. The data are available for download and can be accessed computationally via Web services. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Exploring Biological Networks in 3D, Stereoscopic 3D, and Immersive 3D with iCAVE
Authors: Kalayci Selim , Gümüş Zeynep H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBiological networks are becoming increasingly large and complex, pushing the limits of existing 2D tools. iCAVE is an open‐source software tool for interactive visual explorations of large and complex networks in 3D, stereoscopic 3D, or immersive 3D. It introduces new 3D network layout algorithms and 3D extensions of popular 2D network layout, clustering, and edge bundling algorithms to assist researchers in understanding the underlying patterns in large, multi‐layered, clustered, or complex networks. This protocol aims to guide new users on the basic functions of iCAVE for loading data, laying out networks (single or multi‐layered), bundling edges, clustering networks, visualizing clusters, visualizing data attributes, and saving output images or videos. It also provides examples on visualizing networks constrained in physical 3D space (e.g., proteins; neurons; brain). It is accompanied by a new version of iCAVE with an enhanced user interface and highlights new features useful for existing users. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mobile Quantitative Colocalization Analysis of Fluorescence Microscopy Images
Authors: Zinchuk Vadim , Grossenbacher‐Zinchuk Olga 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the nature of fluorescently‐labelled molecules requires proper quantification of their colocalization. We developed a new approach to enable quantification of colocalization of markers in fluorescence microscopy images using mobile computers. It consists of three interacting components: desktop computer – cloud – mobile device. After an image is opened on a desktop computer, it is then saved to the cloud and becomes available to a mobile device. Functionality of the desktop and mobile software consists of the same steps and therefore allows using any of the platforms when performing analysis. Changes of the state of the image between devices are synchronized via the cloud, so that nothing is lost when switching them. All interactions are performed seamlessly in the background and do not require any input from the researchers’ side. This approach augments access to analytical imaging by allowing to work in completely new ways with superior levels of control, simplicity, and convenience. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Compartmentalized Self‐Replication for Evolution of a DNA Polymerase
Authors: Abil Zhanar , Ellington Andrew D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCompartmentalized self‐replication (CSR) is an emulsion PCR‐based method for the selection of DNA polymerases. E. coli host cells expressing a library of DNA polymerases are emulsified so that no more than a single cell is present in a single emulsion droplet. In a subsequent emulsion PCR step, the DNA polymerase protein, as well as the plasmid encoding it are released into the emulsion droplet and the genes that created the most active or abundant polymerase variants are exponentially amplified and can be passed to the next round of CSR. CSR is a powerful method for engineering of polymerases since it allows selection under a variety of conditions, including the use of non‐standard substrates. In this unit, we provide a step‐by‐step procedure for the selection of polymerases, using as an example the selection of reverse transcriptase activity starting from a library of Thermococcus kodakaraensis (KOD) DNA polymerase variants. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ALARM NMR for HTS Triage and Chemical Probe Validation
Authors: Dahlin Jayme L. , Cuellar Matthew , Singh Gurpreet , Nelson Kathryn M. , Strasser Jessica M. , Rappe Todd , Xia Youlin , Veglia Gianluigi , Walters Michael A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNonspecific target engagement by test compounds and purported chemical probes is a significant source of assay interference and promiscuous bioactivity in high‐throughput screening (HTS) and chemical biology. Most counter‐screens for thiol‐reactive compounds utilize mass spectrometry or fluorescence detection, as well as nonproteinaceous reporters like glutathione that may not always approximate the reactivity of protein side chains. By contrast, a La assay to detect reactive molecules by nuclear magnetic resonance (ALARM NMR) is an industry‐developed protein‐based [1H‐13C]‐heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence NMR counter‐screen to identify nonspecific protein interactions by test compounds by reporting their tendencies to modulate the human La antigen conformation. This article is a user's guide to the production of the 13C‐labeled La antigen reporter protein and reaction of test compounds with this reporter protein, as well as the collection and analysis of characteristic NMR spectra. Combined with other assay interference counter‐screens, this assay will enhance chemical biology by helping researchers better prioritize chemical matter, which will increase the number of tractable HTS screening actives and aid in the development of better chemical probes. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Linking puberty and error‐monitoring: Relationships between self‐reported pubertal stages, pubertal hormones, and the error‐related negativity in a large sample of children and adolescents
Authors: Gorday Julia Y. , Meyer Alexandria 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe error‐related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event‐related potential occurring when individuals make mistakes. The ERN has been proposed as a biomarker for anxiety and a substantial amount of research suggests the ERN increases across development. Further, the ERN may relate to individual differences and the development of cognitive control. Despite the large quantity of research on this topic, there have been no studies focusing on the relationship between pubertal hormones and the ERN. Previous work suggests developmental increases may begin sooner for girls than for boys, suggesting that puberty may impact the ERN. The current study examined the relationship between pubertal hormones and the ERN amplitude in a sample of 99 females between 8 and 14 years old. Each participant and the parent who accompanied them completed the Pubertal Developmental Scale (PDS) to assess the degree to which pubertal indicators are present. Participants also completed a Go/NoGo Task while EEG was recorded and participants provided saliva samples for hormone assays. Results indicated that ERN was significantly related to both the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) hormone and PDS scores. A simultaneous multivariate regression suggested that DHEA levels significantly predict the ERN, even when controlling for age, behavioral variables, and PDS. These findings suggest that ERN amplitude is related to DHEA levels, further linking puberty to developmental increases in the ERN. Future research should examine this relationship in the context of developmental increases in anxiety symptoms.