bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tributary‐junction fans as buffers in the sediment cascade: a multi‐decadal study
Authors: Leenman Anya , Tunnicliffe Jon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlluvial fans at tributary junctions modulate sediment flux through river networks, by buffering the mainstem channel from disturbance in the tributaries. Buffering occurs through the storage (and release) of sediment in fans. Here, we use an extensive historic dataset to characterise the ways in which fan buffering can change as sediment supply varies.In New Zealand's East Coast region, sediment supply and fluvial transport are prolific by global standards. We reconstruct how tributary‐junction fans in this region have responded to sediment generated by deforestation and extreme storms. The dynamics of five fans along the Tapuaeroa River are examined for the period 1939–2015. In response to major sediment loading, fans aggraded by up to 12 m and prograded by up to 170 m. Net sediment accumulation ranged from near zero to 1.5×106 m3.Fan size, gradient, sediment storage and buffering were influenced by both upstream and downstream controls. Key upstream (tributary) influences were sediment supply and stream power; downstream (mainstem) influences included distal confinement and, importantly, the nature of fan interaction with the mainstem, which aggraded by up to 6 m. The fans' ability to buffer the Tapuaeroa River from change in the tributaries was largely governed by this downstream interaction: as the mainstem aggraded, it increasingly curtailed fan progradation, thus limiting buffering.Previous studies of tributary‐junction fans have related fan morphometry to basin characteristics. However, we find that fan slope and area can vary considerably at decadal, annual or even monthly timescales. Consequently, we suggest that such studies could benefit by examining regional histories of disturbance. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resilient placement of SDN controllers exploiting disjoint paths
Authors: Alenazi Mohammed J.F. , Çetinkaya Egemen K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTraditional IP networks are difficult to manage, owing to their rapid expansion and dynamic changes. Software‐defined networks are introduced to simplify network management by separating the network control plane from the packet forwarding plane. Using one or several controllers, SDN switches can be configured to forward data packets to their destinations. The controller placement problem aims to determine the number of controllers and their locations to meet network service requirements. Early approaches used the k‐median and k‐center algorithms, which select k controllers to minimize propagation latency without considering network resilience. In this paper, we developed a new nodal metric, nodal disjoint path (NDP), which measures a node's importance in terms of its diverse connectivity to other nodes. Based on NDP, we propose two algorithms, NDP‐global and NDP‐cluster, for determining the locations of the k controllers to increase network robustness against targeted attacks. We apply the two selection algorithms to four US‐based fiber‐level networks and evaluate their resilience against five centrality‐based attacks and random failures. The evaluation results indicate that selecting controllers by the NDP‐global algorithm, compared with the NDP‐cluster, k‐median, and k‐center algorithms, provides better network resilience in the face of centrality‐based attacks and random failures. The results also indicate that the NDP‐cluster algorithm has a delay performance comparable to that of the k‐median algorithm and provides higher network resilience.
Feasibility of a family‐centered intervention for depressed older men in primary care
Authors: Hinton Ladson , La Frano Erika , Harvey Danielle , Alfaro Eduardo Delgadillo , Kravitz Richard , Smith Andrew , Apesoa‐Varano Ester Carolina , Jafri Asma , Unutzer Jurgen 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveFamilies provide considerable support to many older adults with depression, yet few intervention studies have sought to include them. Family participation in depression treatment aligns with the preferences of older men, a group at high risk for depression under treatment. This study examined the feasibility of a family‐centered depression intervention for older men in a primary care setting.MethodsA clinical trial was conducted in a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) in California's Central Valley. Depressed older men (age 50 and older) were allocated to usual care enhanced by depression psychoeducation or a family‐centered depression intervention delivered by a licensed clinical social worker. Intervention feasibility was assessed in terms of recruitment, retention, and extent of family engagement. The PHQ‐9 was administered at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months.ResultsFor more than 6 months, 45 men were referred to the study; 31 met the inclusion criteria, 23 were successfully enrolled, and 20 (88%) participated in more than or equal to one treatment sessions. Overall, 85% (11 of 13) of men allocated to the intervention engaged a family member in more than or equal to one session and 54% (7 of 13) engaged the family member in more than or equal to three sessions. While men in both groups showed evidence of a significant decline in PHQ‐9 scores early on, which attenuated over time, there were no significant between group differences.ConclusionsOur family‐centered depression intervention showed acceptable feasibility on the basis of a variety of parameters. Future research on family‐based approaches may benefit from longer duration and more intensive treatment as well as additional strategies to overcome recruitment barriers.
Depression and health‐related quality of life among Cambodian patients with cancer
Authors: Vorn Rany , Touch Socheat , Ryu Eunjung 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundSymptom assessment and quality of life (QoL) are considered two of the most important factors in the overall care of cancer patients. Although cancer is one of the leading causes of death after communicable disease in Cambodia, the QoL of Cambodian cancer patients has not been examined previously. This study aimed to describe the QoL of cancer patients in Cambodia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with cancer patients who visited Khmer‐Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh. Two hundred patients participated in this study. The inventory comprised two previously validated scales: the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale‐10 (CESD‐10) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30. Descriptive analyses, independent samples t‐tests, and Pearson's correlation analysis were performed to examine the differences and relationship between study variables.ResultsThe mean global health score was 51.62, and 58.5% of the participants had depressive symptom. The global health score was statistically significantly lower in depressive patients. The QoL was negatively correlated with depression, but positively and significant correlated with physical function, role function, emotional function, cognitive function, and social function.ConclusionThis study is the first to describe the QoL of Cambodian cancer patients. Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to psychological concerns and symptom management in Cambodian cancer patients. Appropriate management could be effective in improving the QoL of cancer patients.
Numerical simulation of nanoparticle shape and thermal ray on a CuO/C2H6O2–H2O hybrid base nanofluid inside a porous enclosure using Darcy's law
Authors: Gholinia M. , Kiaeian Moosavi S. A. H. , Gholinia S. , Ganji D. D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, the physical aspects of magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of a hybrid base nanofluid in a porous medium under the effect of the shape, thermal radiation, and Lorentz force have been examined using the finite element method. Copper oxide (CuO) of various shapes was dispersed into ethylene glycol 50%‐water 50% (likewise for Fe3O4). The Darcy model is chosen because of the porous medium. The effect of changeable, diverse parameters, for example, Hartmann number (Ha), volume fraction (), radiation parameter (), and buoyancy force (Ra), on the streamlines, temperature gradient, and Nusselt number are shown through contours. Outputs show that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles have a smaller temperature gradient than that of CuO nanoparticles. The Nusselt number decreases for a larger (Ha) number, but increases for a larger Ra, Rd. The blade shaped nanoparticle has a larger impact on increasing compared with that of other shapes.
Numerical study of nanoencapsulated phase change material inside double pipe heat exchanger
Authors: Iranfar Armin , Saraei Alireza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanoencapsulated phase change material (NPCM) slurry is a dispersion where the phase change material (PCM) is dispersed in fluid. Compared with fluid, these nanofluids have a higher heat capacity during the phase change and a possible enhancement, as a result of this phase change, in the heat transfer phenomenon. To appreciate the merits, in terms of energy, a numerical study has been carried out with fluid based on NPCM inside double pipe heat exchanger. The numerical simulation results have been validated using experimental heat transfer data. The Reynolds and Nusselt numbers have been determined using thermal conductivity and viscosity evaluated in the same conditions as those in numerical model. The results obtained show an improvement of this energetic criterion at low mass flow rate compared with the base fluid. Analysis of the numerical and analytical results reveal that higher inlet flow rate and NPCM concentration results in higher heat transfer rate. In addition, increasing NPCM slurry temperature decreases its performance due to fast melting of PCM inside the tube.
Characteristics of heat transfer of impingement system with swap swirl generator
Authors: Salman Sami D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article presents the computational fluid dynamic simulation of the heat transfer characteristics induced by a swap swirl air‐jet generator on the impingement surface. The study was carried out for conventional and swap twist tape inserts of twisted ratio y = 2.93 with various swap angles (α = 30°, 60°, 90°) at a constant distance of nozzle diameter impingement plate (L = 2D). The results show that the Nusselt number of the swirl impingement air‐jet depends on the twisted tape swap angles and airflow rate. The results also showed that the swap angle of 90° gave notable uniform local heat transfer distribution compared with the typical twist tape and other swap twist tapes (α = 30°, 60°). In addition, the predicted results of the local heat transfer coefficient help explain the local turbulence intensity and generation to assist the industrial applications of swirl impingement air‐cooling jet.
Watersheds dynamics following wildfires: Nonlinear feedbacks and implications on hydrologic responses
Authors: Maina Fadji Zaouna , Siirila‐Woodburn Erica R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, wildfires in the western United States have occurred with increasing frequency and scale. Climate change scenarios in California predict prolonged periods of droughts with even greater potential for conditions amenable to wildfires. The Sierra Nevada Mountains provide 70% of water resources in California, yet how wildfires will impact watershed‐scale hydrology is highly uncertain. In this work, we assess the impacts of wildfires perturbations on watershed hydrodynamics using a physically based integrated hydrologic model in a high‐performance‐computing framework. A representative Californian watershed, the Cosumnes River, is used to demonstrate how postwildfire conditions impact the water and energy balance. Results from the high‐resolution model show counterintuitive feedbacks that occur following a wildfire and allow us to identify the regions most sensitive to wildfires conditions, as well as the hydrologic processes that are most affected. For example, whereas evapotranspiration generally decreases in the postfire simulations, some regions experience an increase due to changes in surface water run‐off patterns in and near burn scars. Postfire conditions also yield greater winter snowpack and subsequently greater summer run‐off as well as groundwater storage in the postfire simulations. Comparisons between dry and wet water years show that climate is the main factor controlling the timing at which some hydrologic processes occur (such as snow accumulation) whereas postwildfire changes to other metrics (such as streamflow) show seasonally dependent impacts primarily due to the timing of snowmelt, illustrative of the integrative nature of hydrologic processes across the Sierra Nevada‐Central Valley interface.
Remote photonic sensing of cerebral hemodynamic changes via temporal spatial analysis of acoustic vibrations
Authors: Ozana Nisan , Noah Jack Adam , Zhang Xian , Ono Yumie , Hirsch Joy , Zalevsky Zeev 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel photonic method for remote monitoring of task‐related hemodynamic changes in human brain activation is presented. Physiological processes associated with neural activity, such as nano‐vibrations due to blood flow and tissue oxygenation in the brain, are detected by remote sensing of nano‐acoustic vibrations using temporal spatial analysis of defocused self‐interference random patterns. Temporal nanometric changes of the speckle pattern due to visual task‐induced hemodynamic responses were tracked by this method. Reversing visual checkerboard stimulation alternated with rest epochs, and responsive signals were identified in occipital lobe using near‐infrared spectroscopy. Temporal vibrations associated with these hemodynamic response functions were observed using three different approaches: (a) single spot illumination at active and control areas simultaneously, (b) subspots cross‐correlation‐based analysis, and (c) multiwavelength measurement using a magnitude‐squared wavelet coherence function. Findings show remote sensing of task‐specific neural activity in the human brain.
Multifunctional electrochemical application of a novel 3D AgInS2/rGO nanohybrid for electrochemical detection and HER
Authors: Li Xueqin , Shi Yangming , Chen Pinghua , Bai Yingchen , Li Guifang , Shu Hongying , Chen Dezhi , Li Songjun , Jiang Hualin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnvironmental pollution and energy depletion are two serious problems that face mankind at present, so it is urgent to develop effective methods to deal with them. Electrochemistry offers a promising solution method owing to its fast, sensitive and clean properties. Since electrode materials are significantly important to improve electrochemical performance, studies of effective electrode materials have attracted increasing interest and become a research hotspot in recent years.RESULTSIn this study, a novel multitasking electrode material 3D AgInS2/rGO was successfully prepared, the first to couple two important electrochemical functions of sensing and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) into one electrode material. It can highly sensitively detect 4‐nitrophenol in real water over a wide concentration range with significantly low limit of detection, outstanding stability and anti‐interference ability. Furthermore, it can effectively electrolyze water to produce H2 by HER with low onset potential, low overpotential, small Tafel slope, good durability and high stability.CONCLUSIONThe study indicates that the highly conductive 3D rGO scaffold decorated with nano AgInS2 particles forms a nanohybrid, which produces positive synergistic effects to improve the electrochemical properties. This 3D AgInS2/rGO nanocomposite is considered to have high potential to deal with environmental problems owing to its high performance in the two important functions of contaminant sensing and HER. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of EPS and chitosan combination on enhancement of anaerobic granule quality during simultaneous microbial adaptation and granulation
Authors: Hudayah Nasrul , Suraraksa Benjaphon , Chaiprasert Pawinee 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe main problem for the formation of anaerobic granule in a short period is synchronization between good physicochemical and microbial characteristics. This study aims to investigate the formation of anaerobic granule with good physicochemical and microbial characteristics using simultaneous granulation and microbial adaptation to syntroph‐specific substrate.RESULTSSimultaneous microbial adaptation to propionate along with granulation successfully enhanced the activities and the populations of syntroph‐related microbial groups, such as propionate‐utilizing microorganism and hydrogenotrophic methanogens (HTMs). The development of granules in chitosan‐added reactor (R2) was accelerated in shorter period, and larger granules (>1000 μm) were seen in a higher percentage than those in control reactor (R1). In addition, the granules in R2 exhibited better physicochemical characteristics: granule percentage of 52.8%, mean particle diameter of 535 μm, and sludge volume index of 23 mL g−1 suspended solids. During early granulation, protein‐extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and chitosan dominated granule formation in R1 and R2, respectively. However, the increase of polysaccharide‐EPS at high organic loading rate improved the morphology and stability of granule in both the reactors. A remarkable result was seen for the granules in R2, showing a multi layered‐structure that consisted of Methanosarcinales and Smithella sp. at the inner and middle/outer layers, respectively. While HTMs were spatially distributed nearby with acetogens.CONCLUSIONAnaerobic granulation using the combined effect of EPS and chitosan during simultaneous granulation and adaptation on the syntroph‐specific substrate did not only lead to the development of large and dense granules but also granules with high syntroph activity, high settling ability, and multilayered structure. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Biocrude production through hydro‐liquefaction of wood biomass in supercritical ethanol using iron silica and iron beta zeolite catalysts
Authors: Jogi Ramakrishna , Mäki‐Arvela Päivi , Virtanen Pasi , Kumar Narendra , Hemming Jarl , Smeds Annika , Lestander Torbjörn A , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic material, biocrude plays a key role. The present work deals with the biocrude production through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of birch wood in supercritical ethanol over 5 wt% Fe‐H‐Beta‐150 (SiO2 to Al2O3 ratio of 150) or 5 wt% Fe‐SiO2 catalyst.ResultsThe liquid and solid products were characterized with various analytical techniques such as gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC‐FID), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), powder X‐ray diffraction (p‐XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solid‐state carbon‐13 magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐MAS‐NMR), respectively. The results revealed that 5 wt% Fe‐H‐Beta‐150, a strongly Brønsted acidic catalyst, enhanced the biocrude formation when compared with a non‐acidic 5 wt% Fe‐SiO2 catalyst. Hemicellulose and lignin degradation occurred resulting in formation of mainly sugars, acids‐esters and phenolic compounds in the liquid phase. The gaseous atmosphere of hydrogen also enhanced the degradation of biomass. The biocrude yield from birch was 25 wt% over 5 wt% Fe‐H‐Beta‐150. The Brønsted acidic catalyst gave higher dissolution efficiency and its clear catalytic effect was observed in comparison to non‐acidic 5 wt% Fe‐SiO2. The degradation level of lignin in the presence of 5 wt% Fe‐H‐Beta‐150 was high 68 wt% aromatic products were formed, while only 38 wt% was obtained with 5 wt% Fe‐SiO2.ConclusionsHydrogen atmosphere enhances the fractionation of birch wood when compared to argon atmosphere. The 5 wt% Fe‐H‐Beta‐150 catalyst enhanced very strongly the degradation of hemicellulose and lignin in biomass to sugars and acid‐esters as well as phenolic compounds, respectively, compared to the non‐acidic 5 wt% Fe‐SiO2 catalyst. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A prospective study on associations between superoxide dismutase gene polymorphisms and antituberculosis drug‐induced liver injury in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Wu Tao , Bai Hao , Zhao Zhenzhen , Wang Minjin , Hu Xuejiao , Jiao Lin , Wu Qian , Liu Tangyuheng , Zhang Chunying , Chen Hao , Zhang Jingwei , Song Jiajia , Wu Lijuan , Zhou Wenjing , Tong Chongxiang , Ying Binwu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntituberculosis drug‐induced liver injury (ATDILI) is increasing globally and, hence, it is crucial to predict its risk in the clinical management of antituberculosis therapy. As a major antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD) is mainly responsible for providing defence against oxidative stress, which is involved in ATDILI. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between polymorphisms in SOD genes, including Cu/ZnSOD (SOD1), mitochondrial manganese SOD (MnSOD or SOD2) and extracellular SOD (SOD3), as well as the susceptibility to ATDILI in a Chinese Han population.MethodsIn total, 1060 Chinese Han subjects highly suspected to have tuberculosis (TB) were prospectively enrolled from West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Overall, 746 subjects comprising 118 ATDILI and 628 ATD‐tolerant TB patients were eligible and were genotyped for seven single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in three SOD genes (SOD1: rs4816407 and rs1041740; SOD2: rs4880; SOD3: rs699473, rs2536512, rs2855262 and rs8192290).ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that none of the seven genetic variants in the three SOD genes were significantly associated with susceptibility to ATDILI in the Chinese Han population after Bonferroni correction, except for a potential association for the SOD2 rs4880 A>G (G allele, p = 0.190, odds ratio = 1.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–2.23; GG genotype, p = 0.155).ConclusionsThe promising application of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3 genes as genetic markers for ATDILI is challenged, and further studies are needed with larger sample sizes and different ethnicities, especially for SOD2 rs4880.
Statistical analysis of the impacts of intra‐seasonal oscillations on the South China Sea summer monsoon withdrawal
Authors: Hu Peng , Chen Wen , Chen Shangfeng , Huang Ruping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBased on multiple data sets and methods, this study investigates the impacts of intra‐seasonal oscillations (ISOs) on the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) withdrawal. A daily SCSSM withdrawal date is established, which can capture reasonably the consistent transition of low‐level zonal wind from westerly to easterly over the South China Sea (SCS). The bandpass‐filtered outgoing longwave radiation and low‐level winds are then composited with respect to the monsoon withdrawal date. It is found that a 30–60‐day oscillation originating from the equatorial Indian Ocean and a quasi‐biweekly oscillation (QBWO) propagating from the equatorial western Pacific collectively contribute to the SCSSM withdrawal. Under the background of slow annual cycle (weak zonal wind during late September), the local convectively inactive phases of these ISOs induce anomalous easterly winds, which could trigger monsoon withdrawal over the SCS. The boreal summer ISO indices also confirm that both the 30–60‐day oscillation and the QBWO could modulate SCSSM withdrawal, which is more likely to occur when the suppressed convection caused by these ISOs is either encroaching on or occupying the SCS.