bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Necessity creates opportunities for chimpanzee tool use
Authors: Grund Charlotte , Neumann Christof , Zuberbühler Klaus , Gruber Thibaud 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough social transmission mechanisms of animal cultures are well studied, little is known about the origins of behavioral innovations, even in established tool users such as chimpanzees. Previous work has suggested that wild chimpanzees are especially prone to engaging with tools during extended periods of low food availability and after long travel, supporting the hypothesis that cultural innovation is facilitated by necessity revealing opportunities. Here, we tested this hypothesis with a field experiment that directly compared subjects’ immediate variation in measures of current energy balance with their interest in a novel foraging problem, liquid honey enclosed in an apparatus accessible by tool use. We found that the previous distance traveled directly predicted subjects’ manipulations of both the apparatus and the tool, whereas previous feeding time was negatively correlated to manipulation time. We conclude that “necessity” augments chimpanzees’ likelihood of engaging with ecological “opportunities,” suggesting that both factors are scaffolding foraging innovation in this and potentially other species.
Comparing Word Characteristic Effects on Vocabulary of Children with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Lund Emily 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany studies have evaluated overall vocabulary knowledge of children who use cochlear implants, but there has been minimal focus on how word form characteristics affect this knowledge. This study evaluates the effects of neighborhood density and phonotactic probability on the expressive vocabulary of 81 children between five and seven years old (n = 27 cochlear implant users, n = 27 children matched for chronological age, and n = 27 children matched for vocabulary size). Children were asked to name pictures associated with words that have common and rare phonotactic probability and high and sparse neighborhood density. Results indicate that children with cochlear implants, similar to both groups of children with typical hearing, tend to know words with common probability/high density or with rare probability/ sparse density. Patterns of word knowledge for children with cochlear implants mirrored younger children matched for vocabulary size rather than age-matched children with typical hearing.
Electrocardiographic optimization techniques in resynchronization therapy
Authors: Pujol-López Margarida , San Antonio Rodolfo , Mont Lluís , Trucco Emilce , Tolosana José María , Arbelo Elena , Guasch Eduard , Heist Edwin Kevin , Singh Jagmeet P 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a cornerstone of therapy for patients with heart failure, reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, and a wide QRS complex. However, not all patients respond to CRT: 30% of CRT implanted patients are currently considered clinical non-responders and up to 40% do not achieve LV reverse remodelling. In order to achieve the best CRT response, appropriate patient selection, device implantation, and programming are important factors. Optimization of CRT pacing intervals may improve results, increasing the number of responders, and the magnitude of the response. Echocardiography is considered the reference method for atrioventricular and interventricular (VV) intervals optimization but it is time-consuming, complex and it has a large interobserver and intraobserver variability. Previous studies have linked QRS shortening to clinical response, echocardiographic improvement and favourable prognosis. In this review, we describe the electrocardiographic optimization methods available: 12-lead electrocardiogram; fusion-optimized intervals (FOI); intracardiac electrogram-based algorithms; and electrocardiographic imaging. Fusion-optimized intervals is an electrocardiographic method of optimizing CRT based on QRS duration that combines fusion with intrinsic conduction. The FOI method is feasible and fast, further reduces QRS duration, can be performed during implant, improves acute haemodynamic response, and achieves greater LV remodelling compared with nominal programming of CRT.
De novo genome assembly of the white-spotted flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis)
Authors: Wang Kui , Li Pengpeng , Gao Yongyang , Liu Chunqin , Wang Qinglei , Yin Jiao , Zhang Jie , Geng Lili , Shu Changlong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Protaetia brevitarsis, commonly known as the white-spotted flower chafer, is an important Scarabaeidae insect that is distributed in most Asian countries. Recently, research on the insect's harmfulness to crops, usefulness in agricultural waste utilization, edibility, medicinal value, and usability in insect immunology has provided sufficient impetus to demonstrate the need for a detailed study of its biology. Herein, we sequenced the whole genome of this species to improve our understanding and study of P. brevitarsis.

Findings
We developed a highly reliable genome resource for P. brevitarsis (Lewis, 1879; Coleoptera: Cetoniinae) using Illumina and PacBio sequencing platforms. A total of 135.75 gigabases (Gb) was generated, providing 150-fold coverage based on the 810-megabases (Mb) estimated genome size. The assembled P. brevitarsis genome was 751 Mb (including the scaffolds longer than 2 kilobases (kb)) with 327 scaffolds, and the N50 length of the assembly was 2.94 Mb. A total of 34,110 (22,229 in scaffolds and 11,881 located in alleles) genes were identified using Evidence Modeler, which was based on the gene prediction results obtained from 3 different methods (ab initio, RNA sequencing based, and known gene based).

Conclusions
We assembled a high-quality P. brevitarsis genome, which will not only provide insight into the biology of the species but also provide a wealth of information that will inform researchers on the evolution, control, and utilization of P. brevitarsis.
In vitro activity of ampicillin and ceftriaxone against ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Lorenzo Michael P , Kidd James M , Jenkins Stephen G , Nicolau David P , Housman Seth T 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess activity of the combination of ceftriaxone and ampicillin against clinical isolates of ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium.MethodsAmpicillin-susceptible E. faecium (n = 29) and Enterococcus faecalis (n = 10) collected from locations in the USA and France were used for this analysis. Susceptibility testing was performed by gradient diffusion strip (GDS) and broth microdilution (BMD). Synergy with the combination of ceftriaxone and ampicillin was assessed in all isolates using GDS crossing and double disc diffusion methods. Selected isolates (nine E. faecium and three E. faecalis) were assessed for synergy in time–kill studies using ampicillin alone and in combination with ceftriaxone.ResultsIn isolates of E. faecium, the median (range) ampicillin MIC by BMD was 0.5 (0.25–4) mg/L and by GDS it was 2 (1–8)  mg/L. In E. faecalis, the median (range) ampicillin MIC by BMD was 0.5 (0.5–1) mg/L and by GDS it was 2 (0.75–3) mg/L. A total of 24/29 (82.8%) isolates of E. faecium displayed synergy by GDS and 22/29 (75.9%) by double disc diffusion. Seven of 10 (70%) isolates of E. faecalis displayed synergy by GDS and 4/10 (40%) by double disc diffusion. Time–kill studies found synergy in 3/9 (33.3%) E. faecium and 3/3 (100%) E. faecalis.ConclusionsIn contrast to the demonstrated synergy in time–kill models of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for E. faecalis, this combination does not appear to provide uniform synergy in E. faecium. Antagonism was not observed. Clinical correlation is necessary and caution should be used when considering ampicillin and ceftriaxone for the treatment of infections caused by ampicillin-susceptible E. faecium.
Morphological and Molecular Species Identification of Termites Attacking Ironwood Trees, Casuarina equisetifolia (Fagales: Casuarinaceae), in Guam
Authors: Park Jong-Seok , Husseneder Claudia , Schlub Robert L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Ironwood trees (Casuarina equisetifolia subsp. equisetifolia L.) are ecologically and economically important trees in tropical and subtropical regions of the Indo-Pacific. Ironwood is one of the dominant tree species in Guam, but since 2002, this tree has been declining dramatically. A previous study showed that numerous sick or dead trees were under termite attack. However, the species of termites were not identified. As a first step to investigate causal relationships between termites and ironwood tree death, we assigned termites collected from ironwood trees to species using a combination of morphological characters and DNA barcoding of the 12S, 16S, COI, COII, and ITS2 regions. Based on morphology and comparisons to reference sequences in NCBI GenBank, the most likely species assignments were Nasutitermes takasagoensis (Nawa) (Blattodea: Termitidae) found to infest 45 trees, followed by Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) (2 trees), Microcerotermes crassus Snyder (Blattodea: Termitidae) (2 trees), and an additional unidentified Microcerotermes species (1 tree) with no close sequence match to identified species in NCBI GenBank. However, taxonomic revisions and broader representation of DNA markers of well-curated specimen in public databases are clearly needed, especially for the N. takasagoensis species complex.
Community Composition, Abundance, and Phenology of Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Soybean in the North Central Region of the United States
Authors: Pezzini Daniela T , DiFonzo Christina D , Finke Deborah L , Hunt Thomas E , Knodel Janet J , Krupke Christian H , McCornack Brian , Michel Andrew P , Philips Christopher R , Varenhorst Adam J , Wright Robert J , Koch Robert L 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are an increasing threat to soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) production in the North Central Region of the United States, which accounts for 80% of the country’s total soybean production. Characterization of the stink bug community is essential for development of management programs for these pests. However, the composition of the stink bug community in the region is not well defined. This study aimed to address this gap with a 2-yr, 9-state survey. Specifically, we characterized the relative abundance, richness, and diversity of taxa in this community, and assessed phenological differences in abundance of herbivorous and predatory stink bugs. Overall, the stink bug community was dominated by Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Euschistus variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), C. hilaris and Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were more abundant in the northwestern, southeastern and eastern parts, respectively, of the North Central Region of the United States. Economically significant infestations of herbivorous species occurred in fields in southern parts of the region. Species richness differed across states, while diversity was the same across the region. Herbivorous and predatory species were more abundant during later soybean growth stages. Our results represent the first regional characterization of the stink bug community in soybean fields and will be fundamental for the development of state- and region-specific management programs for these pests in the North Central Region of the United States.
Biology at Different Temperatures, Thermal Requirements, and Ecological Zoning of Opogona sacchari (Lepidoptera: Tineidae)
Authors: Fonseca Lacerda Lucas , Coelho Aloisio , Gomes Garcia Adriano , Sentelhas Paulo Cesar , Postali Parra José Roberto 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe banana moth, Opogona sacchari (Bojer, 1856), is a polyphagous pest that causes serious damage to different crops around the world, particularly to bananas in southern Brazil. The insect is designated a quarantine pest in several countries including Argentina, the main consumer market for bananas produced in southern Brazil. To provide support for the management of O. sacchari, the present study investigated the biology and thermal requirements at eight temperatures (18, 22, 25, 28, 30, 32, 33, and 34 ± 1°C) and constructed a fertility life table at five temperatures (18, 22, 25, 28, and 30 ± 1°C). Above 30°C, the mortality of all life stages was 100%; the best temperature for development was 25°C. Based on this information, an ecological zoning of the pest was developed for Brazil. The lower temperature threshold was 8.6°C. The zoning indicated that the pest does not occur in regions with warmer climates, corresponding to the actual distribution of this pest in Brazil.
Issues associated with medical tourism for cancer care in Japan
Authors: Awano Nobuyasu , Takamoto Takeshi , Kawakami Junko , Genda Atsuko , Ninomiya Akiko , Ikeda Misato , Matsuno Fumie , Izumo Takehiro , Kunitoh Hideo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Medical tourism has grown globally, especially in oncology field, but it may cause serious problems. We aimed to elucidate concerns generated by medical tourism at a Japanese hospital and recommend solutions.

Methods
We evaluated 72 consecutive patients with cancer who had traveled from abroad to receive second opinions, clinical examinations or treatments at our hospital between January 2015 and December 2016. Data were retrospectively collected to include the purpose of patients’ visits, presence and content of referral documents, details of treatments provided at our hospital, concordance between treatments received and patients’ expectations, troublesome hospital incidents, risks of travel and problems with payment.

Results
The purpose of the visit was actual cancer treatment in the majority of the cases. Thirteen patients could speak neither Japanese nor English. Inadequate content in patient referral documents and discordance between information from the referring physician and findings at first examination were the main issues observed in the pre-treatment phase; 33 patients decided to receive treatment at our hospital. Language differences caused problems in patients’ understanding of instructions and explanations during treatment. Additional problems included inaccurate self-evaluation of disease status, differences in cultural habits and requests for inappropriate and/or unavailable therapies. No major issues that could lead to injury in patients or medical staff were observed. Risks involved with returning home and transfer of treatment to local physicians were the main post-treatment issues.

Conclusion
Medical tourism raises various issues. Institutional and medical staff should be adequately prepared by developing working systems.
Novel Example of a Direct-Agglutinating Anti-Ku
Authors: Gannett Michael Sel , Gammon Richard R 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Several Kell-system antibodies are known to cause direct agglutination. Also, some specificities, such as anti-Ku, have been reported to react only via the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT).

Methods
Herein, we describe the case of a 61-year-old alloimmunized white woman who presented to an outside hospital with a gastrointestinal (GI) bleed and a “possible anti-Ku” was reported with 3+ reactivity at PEG-IAT and at Ficin-IAT; in addition to an unidentified cold antibody. Subsequently, when the patient presented to a second outside hospital, an anti-Ku that caused 3+ to 4+ reactions at saline-immediate spin (IS) was identified. The reactivity was evaluated with 0.01-M dithiothreitol (DTT) treatment of the plasma.

Results
It was determined that the strong agglutination with saline-IS was caused by immunoglobulin (Ig)M anti-Ku.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an IgM anti-Ku.
First cosmological results using Type Ia supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey: measurement of the Hubble constant
Authors: Macaulay E , Nichol R C , Bacon D , Brout D , Davis T M , Zhang B , Bassett B A , Scolnic D , Möller A , D’Andrea C B , Hinton S R , Kessler R , Kim A G , Lasker J , Lidman C , Sako M , Smith M , Sullivan M , Abbott T M C , Allam S , Annis J , Asorey J , Avila S , Bechtol K , Brooks D , Brown P , Burke D L , Calcino J , Carnero Rosell A , Carollo D , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Collett T , Crocce M , Cunha C E , da Costa L N , Davis C , De Vicente J , Diehl H T , Doel P , Drlica-Wagner A , Eifler T F , Estrada J , Evrard A E , Filippenko A V , Finley D A , Flaugher B , Foley R J , Fosalba P , Frieman J , Galbany L , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Glazebrook K , González-Gaitán S , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hartley W G , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Hoormann J K , Hoyle B , Huterer D , Jain B , James D J , Jeltema T , Kasai E , Krause E , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Lewis G F , Li T S , Lima M , Lin H , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Martini P , Miquel R , Nugent P , Palmese A , Pan Y-C , Plazas A A , Romer A K , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schindler R , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Sharp R , Soares-Santos M , Sobreira F , Sommer N E , Suchyta E , Swann E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Thomas D , Thomas R C , Tucker B E , Uddin S A , Vikram V , Walker A R , Wiseman P ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an improved measurement of the Hubble constant (H0) using the ‘inverse distance ladder’ method, which adds the information from 207 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) at redshift 0.018 &lt; z &lt; 0.85 to existing distance measurements of 122 low-redshift (z &lt; 0.07) SNe Ia (Low-z) and measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAOs). Whereas traditional measurements of H0 with SNe Ia use a distance ladder of parallax and Cepheid variable stars, the inverse distance ladder relies on absolute distance measurements from the BAOs to calibrate the intrinsic magnitude of the SNe Ia. We find H0 = 67.8 ± 1.3 km s−1 Mpc−1 (statistical and systematic uncertainties, 68 per cent confidence). Our measurement makes minimal assumptions about the underlying cosmological model, and our analysis was blinded to reduce confirmation bias. We examine possible systematic uncertainties and all are below the statistical uncertainties. Our H0 value is consistent with estimates derived from the Cosmic Microwave Background assuming a ΛCDM universe.
Phase 1 Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Fluorescence Imaging Study of Tozuleristide (BLZ-100) in Adults With Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Gliomas
Authors: Patil Chirag G , Walker David G , Miller Dennis M , Butte Pramod , Morrison Beth , Kittle David S , Hansen Stacey J , Nufer Kaitlin L , Byrnes-Blake Kelly A , Yamada Miko , Lin Lynlee L , Pham Kim , Perry Jeff , Parrish-Novak Julia , Ishak Laura , Prow Tarl , Black Keith , Mamelak Adam N 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) can improve extent of resection in gliomas. Tozuleristide (BLZ-100), a near-infrared imaging agent composed of the peptide chlorotoxin and a near-infrared fluorophore indocyanine green, is a candidate molecule for FGS of glioma and other tumor types.

OBJECTIVE
To perform a phase 1 dose-escalation study to characterize the safety, pharmacokinetics, and fluorescence imaging of tozuleristide in adults with suspected glioma.

METHODS
Patients received a single intravenous dose of tozuleristide 3 to 29 h before surgery. Fluorescence images of tumor and cavity in Situ before and after resection and of excised tissue ex Vivo were acquired, along with safety and pharmacokinetic measures.

RESULTS
A total of 17 subjects received doses between 3 and 30 mg. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed, and no reported adverse events were considered related to tozuleristide. At doses of 9 mg and above, the terminal serum half-life for tozuleristide was approximately 30 min. Fluorescence signal was detected in both high- and low-grade glial tumors, with high-grade tumors generally showing greater fluorescence intensity compared to lower grade tumors. In high-grade tumors, signal intensity increased with increased dose levels of tozuleristide, regardless of the time of dosing relative to surgery.

CONCLUSION
These results support the safety of tozuleristide at doses up to 30 mg and suggest that tozuleristide imaging may be useful for FGS of gliomas.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Snus Examining the Effect of Complete Versus Partial Cigarette Substitution on Smoking-Related Behaviors, and Biomarkers of Exposure
Authors: Meier Ellen , Lindgren Bruce R , Anderson Amanda , Reisinger Sarah A , Norton Kaila J , Jensen Joni , Strayer Lori , Dick Laura , Tang Mei-Kuen , Chen Menglan , Carmella Steven G , Hecht Stephen S , Murphy Sharon E , Yang Jing , Stepanov Irina , O’Connor Richard J , Shields Peter G , Hatsukami Dorothy K 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis 8-week multisite, randomized controlled trial of snus examined the differential effects of instructions on (1) snus use, (2) smoking and smoking-related measures, and (3) exposure to tobacco-related constituents.MethodUS adult daily cigarette smokers (n = 150; 43.3% female; Medianage = 43.5) were recruited from Minneapolis, Minnesota; Columbus and Coshocton, Ohio; and Buffalo, New York. Following a 1-week sampling phase of snus, participants who used at least 7 pouches were randomized to either (1) partial substitution (PS; “use snus as you like with your cigarettes”), (2) complete substitution (CS; “avoid cigarettes”), or (3) usual brand cigarettes (UB). Analyses included between-group analyses (eg, PS vs. CS) using Wilcoxon rank sum test of cigarettes per day and snus pouches per day, and a linear mixed model (biomarkers).ResultsCompared to the PS and UB groups, smokers assigned to CS reported greater reductions in cigarettes per day (ps &lt; .001), using more snus pouches per day (p = .02), and more smoke-free days (CS median = 14.5, PS and UB medians = 0, p &lt; .001). In addition, results demonstrated reductions in carbon monoxide (p &lt; .001), total nicotine equivalents (p = .02), and four out of five measured volatile organic compounds (ps &lt; .01) over time among the CS group. Exposure to N′-nitrosonornicotine increased by trial end only among the PS group (p &lt; .04). Phenanthrene tetraol increased among all groups by trial end (p = .02) with no difference between groups.ConclusionsInstructions to completely switch from cigarettes to snus resulted in the greatest reduction in cigarettes and exposure to harmful constituents.ImplicationsDirectly instructing smokers to switch completely to snus, rather than using ad libitum (with no instructions to avoid cigarettes), is necessary for reductions in smoking and subsequent exposure to harmful constituents.