bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled micelle conjugation via charged peptide amphiphiles
Authors: Truong Thien Van , Ghosh Mihir , Hosamani Basavaprabhu , Baiju Thekke V. , Dhandapani Gunasekaran , Wachtel Ellen , Kesselman Ellina , Danino Dganit , Sheves Mordechai , Namboothiri Irishi N.N. , Patchornik Guy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report the first demonstration of nonionic detergent micelle conjugation and phase separation using purpose‐synthesized, peptide amphiphiles, C10‐(Asp)5 and C10‐(Lys)5. Clustering is achieved in two different ways. Micelles containing the negatively charged peptide amphiphile C10‐(Asp)5 are conjugated (a) via a water‐soluble, penta‐Lys mediator or (b) to micelles containing the C10‐(Lys)5 peptide amphiphile. Both routes lead to phase separation in the form of oil‐rich globules visible in the light microscope. The hydrophobic nature of these regions leads to spontaneous partitioning of hydrophobic dyes into globules that were found to be stable for weeks to months. Extension of the conjugation mechanism to micelles containing a recently discovered, light‐driven proton pump King Sejong 1‐2 (KS1‐2) demonstrates that a membrane protein may be concentrated using peptide amphiphiles while preserving its native conformation as determined by characteristic UV absorption. The potential utility of these peptide amphiphiles for biophysical and biomedical applications is discussed.
What Is the Influence of Peer Feedback and Author Response on Chinese University Students’ English Writing Performance?
Authors: Zhang Xin , McEneaney John E. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTEnhancing writing pedagogy in university‐based courses for students of English as a foreign language has been a long‐term goal of educators and researchers. Most recent work, however, has relied on qualitative methodologies that limit our capacity to generalize findings. In this quantitative study, the authors adopted a quasi‐experimental control group design to investigate effects of peer feedback and author response on university students’ writing performance in a context of English as a foreign language. A total of 198 sophomores majoring in English took part in a 15‐week research study. The authors conducted a repeated‐measures analysis of covariance to examine the effects of a traditional teacher feedback instructional group compared with an experimental peer feedback group. Results showed that the peer feedback group showed a significantly greater writing performance gain than the traditional teacher feedback group. Furthermore, follow‐up analyses focusing on the experimental group that relied on a series of multiple regressions showed that both the quality of students’ feedback and the quality of their author responses were significant and stable predictors of students’ writing performance. Results also showed that the quality of students’ author responses had a slightly larger impact on writing performance than the quality of students’ feedback. This study provides clear evidence of the power of formative peer feedback as an approach to support learning that both empowers students and addresses widely cited problems that arise when the instructor is the only source of feedback in a writing course.
Atomic‐Layer‐Deposited Amorphous MoS2 for Durable and Flexible Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Song Ming , Tan Hua , Li Xianglin , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong , Liang Pei , Chao Dongliang , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLi–O2 batteries (LOB) potentially have the highest specific capacity among all types of metal‐ion batteries but suffer severely from cycle instability and low energy efficiency. In this work, an integrated cathode is fabricated that contains an amorphous MoS2 thin layer deposited on a 3D conductive carbon scaffold to improve the energy efficiency to ≈83% and cycle life up to 190 cycles. An advanced pressure‐tuned stop‐flow atomic layer deposition (ALD) method is employed to deposit a ≈5 nm thick amorphous MoS2 layer on carbon nanotube forest‐covered graphite foam. It is established that this integrated 3D cathode exhibits high catalytic activity for both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. The benefit of the ALD MoS2 in lowering the energy barrier is also supported by first‐principles calculations. Finally, quasi‐solid state flexible LOBs are also assembled that can be stably discharged up to 6 d. This new and rational design of cathode may provide a new direction for achieving high‐performance flexible Li–O2 batteries.
Threat intelligence platform for the energy sector
Authors: Leszczyna Rafał , Wróbel Michał R. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn recent years, critical infrastructures and power systems in particular have been subjected to sophisticated cyberthreats, including targeted attacks and advanced persistent threats. A promising response to this challenging situation is building up enhanced threat intelligence (TI) that interlinks information sharing and fine‐grained situation awareness. In this paper, a framework that integrates all levels of TI, ie, strategic, tactical, operational, and technical, is presented. The platform implements the centralized model of information exchange with peer‐to‐peer interactions between partners as an option. Several supportive solutions were introduced, including anonymity mechanisms or data processing and correlation algorithms. A data model that enables communication of cyberincident information, both in natural language and machine‐readable formats, was defined. Similarly, security requirements for critical components were devised. A pilot implementation of the platform was developed and deployed in the operational environment, which enabled practical evaluation of the design. Also, the security of the anonymity architecture was analyzed.
Corporate Philanthropy as a Context for Moral Agency, a MacIntyrean Enquiry
Authors: Nicholson Helen , Beadle Ron , Slack Richard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt has been claimed that ‘virtuous structures’ can foster moral agency in organisations. We investigate this in the context of employee involvement in corporate philanthropy, an activity whose moral status has been disputed. Employing Alasdair MacIntyre’s account of moral agency, we analyse the results of eight focus groups with employees engaged in corporate philanthropy in an employee-owned retailer, the John Lewis Partnership. Within this organisational context, Employee–Partners’ moral agency was evidenced in narrative accounts of their engagement in philanthropic activities and in their disputes about the moral status of corporate philanthropy.
Acoustic Emission During Austenite → ε Martensitic Phase Transformation in TWIP/TRIP Steels
Authors: Bolgár M. K. , Nagy E. , Daróczi L. , Benke M. , Mertinger V. , Beke D. L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Acoustic emission in two different TWIP/TRIP steels during thermally induced γ–ε martensitic phase transformation was investigated. Large asymmetry was observed: the noise activity was considerably larger for heating than cooling. This was explained by the plastic deformation and strain-induced martensite nucleation (which usually provides much lower acoustic emission signals) in the austenite during cooling. The amplitude and energy probability distribution functions for heating followed the power-law behavior, and the critical exponents were counted as well. The amplitude and energy exponents (α and ε, respectively) for the two different samples were the same within the errors (α = 2.4 ± 0.2, ε = 1.7 ± 0.1), indicating the universal character. The acoustic activity vs martensite volume faction showed a maximum at around 60 pct for heating, which is most probably related to the coming apart of the elastic fields of the martensite variants.
On the Significance of the Identity Debate in DBS and the Need of an Inclusive Research Agenda. A Reply to Gilbert, Viana and Ineichen
Authors: Snoek Anke , de Haan Sanneke , Schermer Maartje , Horstkötter Dorothee 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGilbert et al. (Neuroethics, 2018) argue that the concerns about the influence of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) on – as they lump together – personality, identity, agency, autonomy, authenticity and the self (PIAAAS) are due to an ethics hype. They argue that there is only a small empirical base for an extended ethics debate. We will critically examine their claims and argue that Gilbert and colleagues do not show that the identity debate in DBS is a bubble, they in fact give very little evidence for that. Rather they show the challenges of doing research in a field that is stretched out over multiple disciplines. In that sense their paper is an important starting point for a discussion on methodology and offers valuable lessons for a future research agenda.
The Need for a Constitution in the United Kingdom
Authors: Wilberforce  
Published: May 2019

I was not surprised when, from several alternative subjects, you chose, as the title of my Lecture, the need for a Constitution in Britain. Those of us without a written constitution are indeed, a select club—New Zealand, Israel, the United Kingdom.I will start with a quotation from Lord Salmon. In a recent lecture, he said:
In this country [U.K.] we have an unwritten constitution. I have always regarded this as a blessing and never agreed with the theoretical objections to it. It is superbly flexible and above all it has stood the test of time. It works—and works admirably. But I am beginning to wonder whether it might not be wise to evolve, not an elaborate written constitution but perhaps the equivalent of a modern Bill of Rights. A statute which should lay down our basic freedoms, provide for their preservation and enact that it could not be repealed save by, say, a 75% majority of both Houses of Parliament.One can recognize in this passage the views of an eminent common lawyer, believing in the strength and potentialities of the common law as a flexible instrument, in, of course, the right hands: of one who believes deeply in human freedom, and who is concerned about the threat to it: who desires an explicit definition of the basic liberties and who believes that these can be protected by a sufficiently strong, entrenched, legal system. In this he undoubtedly reflects the views of many people, probably of the majority of ordinary men.
On the Bioethics of Jewish Law: The Case of Karen Quinlan
Authors: Weisbard Alan J. 
Published: May 2019

It has been widely remarked, in both the popular press and the scholarly literature, that rapid technological advances in the biomedical sciences may have outpaced society's ability to consider and cope with all their implications. In short, that technology is out of control. A particularly poignant example of the quandaries wrought by modern technology has been the plight of Karen Quinlan and her family. Pronounced by her doctors to be in a “persistent vegetative state”, with permanent loss of all cognitive function, Karen was seemingly sustained only by her connection to a mechanical respirator. Following a lengthy vigil and with the blessing of their church, the Quinlan family requested that the respirator be disconnected. The doctors refused, stating that such an action would be contrary to accepted medical practice. The Quinlans responded with a legal action for declaratory and other relief, the practical effect of which would be the termination of use of the respirator. After failing in the lower court, In the Matter of Karen Quinlan, 137 N.J. Super. 227, 348 A.2d 801 (1975), the Quinlans were successful in the New Jersey Supreme Court, 70 N.J. 10, 355 A.2d 651 (1976). Shortly thereafter, the Quinlans directed that the respirator be removed; much to their surprise (and undoubtedly that of the Court), Karen proved able to breathe unassisted. With antibiotic treatment and intravenous feeding, but without the respirator, Karen has survived since June of 1976 in a New Jersey nursing home. There is no indication that she has regained cognitive function.While widely perceived as concerning “the right to die with dignity”, the Quinlan situation in fact raises a great many issues central to the interaction of law, morals, and modern technology and provides a convenient focus for discussion of these issues.
Islam as a Source of Law in the Druze Religious Courts
Authors: Layish Aharon 
Published: May 2019

The Druzes have never been recognised as a religious community under Muslim rule. During the Ottoman period such recognition was only granted to the members of the tolerated religions — Christians and Jews — within the institutionalised framework of themilletsystem. The Druze religion, though originating from the Ismā'īliyya, an extreme branch of the Shī'a, seceded completely from Islam and has, therefore, experienced periods of persecution by the latter. The Druzes were theoretically amenable to thesharī'acourts in matters of personal status and succession, yet not as Muslims (as is usually assumed owing to the custom oftaqiyya, simulation, prevailing among them) but as persons not belonging to a recognised religion. At the same time, they seem in practice to have enjoyed a certain autonomy in these matters under their own religious and customary law. There is documentary evidence of this for the Lebanese Druzes, of the late 19th and early 20th century, but this autonomy should not be construed as the status of a recognised religious community.All attempts of the Druzes to achieve such a status in the era of British rule in Palestine were unsuccessful. They were not included in the list of recognised communities in the Palestine Order-in-Council, 1922–1947, nor the Succession Ordinance, 1923, probably due to a desire of the British Mandate to maintain thestatus quoin religious matters with only such modifications as the new political situation required. At the same time, the Government recognised Druze autonomy in matters of marriage, while other matters of personal status, and those of succession, were referred to district courts, since the Order-in-Council restricted the personal jurisdiction of thesharī'acourts to Muslim litigants.
Torts Liability for Strike Action and Third Party Rights
Authors: Raday Frances 
Published: May 2019

Israel's Civil Wrongs Ordinance, and the statutory immunity provided in it from liability in torts for strike action, was enacted at a time when the strike was regardedsimpliciteras a “sacred tradition” and when no distinction had yet been drawn by statute or the courts between legitimate and illegitimate strikes. Since that time there has been an evolution of restrictions on the liberty to strike both in statutory provisions and in judicial doctrine.In the public services, by statutory provision, all strikes which are not authorised by the statutorily designated trade union and nearly all strikes during the duration of a collective agreement are now considered to be “unprotected strikes”. Unprotected strikes are divested of the statutory immunities generally bestowed upon strikers or strike organisers for breach of their employment contract or for causing breach of contract; however, under the statutory provisions only the primary employer may sue. By judicial doctrine, formulated in the National Labour Court, strikes which are held for the purpose of enforcing legal rights rather than for the fixing of economic rights are not a legitimate exercise of the liberty to strike.
Banker's Liability in the Bank Deposit Relationship
Authors: Ben-Oliel R. 
Published: May 2019

This article is a section of a doctoral thesis recently presented on “The Juridical Nature of the Bank-Depositor Relationship”. Its object was to determine the legal nature of general deposits of money in a bank account.After discussing the various explanations in the context of some of the main Civil law systems (those of France, Italy, Spain and Portugal) the Common Law systems (England, U.S.A.) and under Israeli law, the author reached the conclusion that a bank deposit is not a deposit stricto sensu, being neither an irregular deposit nor a loan, nor even a combination of both, but rather a contract sui generis. In his opinion, the depositor, having placed his money in the bank still retains ownership of the fund: the bank acquires possession and may dispose of the customer's money, thus showing part ownership. In other words, a deposit in a bank implies a contractual fragmentation of the depositor's ownership between the customer and the bank. As a result thereof both parties maintain converging real rights in the fund, thus giving rise to a peculiar real relationship.
An Enquiry into the Political Relations Between Rome and Judaea from 161 to 4 B.C.E.
Authors: Piattelli Daniela 
Published: May 2019

Historians have often directed their attention towards Judaea when delving into the legal organization of the Roman provinces and in particular into the policy which Rome adopted towards them.The works of Flavius Josephus, the only ones which have come to us from amongst the many other contemporary works of varying political outlook, were for a long time the historians' chief source.Jurists, on the other hand, have not really exploited this source despite its great importance. Indeed, for many of them the numerous doubts raised as to the authenticity of the official documentation present a serious obstacle, although it is this very characteristic that could be of the greatest help in making an historical reconstruction which would also be valid at the legal level.Now however, the recent discoveries in the Dead Sea have brought to light new material of undoubted authenticity. This material sheds light on what was one of the most troubled Roman provinces for both the historian and the jurists.
American Administrative Law—A Synoptic Survey
Authors: Schwartz Bernard 
Published: May 2019

Like the ancient geographical area, American administrative law is also divided into three parts. In the American, as in the British conception, administrative law is concerned with powers and remedies and answers the following questions: (1) What powers may be vested in administrative agencies? (2) What are the limits of those powers? (3) What are the ways in which agencies are kept within those limits?In answering these questions American administrative law deals with the delegation of powers to administrative agencies; the manner in which those powers must be exercised (emphasizing almost exclusively the procedural requirements imposed on agencies); and judicial review of administrative action. These form the three basic divisions of American administrative law: (1) delegation of powers, (2) administrative procedure, and (3) judicial review. This article will seek to present a synoptic survey of these three subjects. Its aim is to present an overview of American administrative law to the Israeli jurist, enabling him to understand the essentials of a system that is, at the same time, so similar to and so different from his own.
Current Trends in Penal Philosophy
Authors: Wolfgang Marvin E. 
Published: May 2019

I am grateful to be here as a Lady Davis Visiting Professor on my fourth trip to Israel. I feel very much at home because of the warmth and hospitality of my colleagues and friends. Moreover, the University of Pennsylvania has an Israel-Penn exchange programme which we hope to expand, and I know that the new dean of our law school, Dean Freedman, will have more conversations with Dean Klein. Thank you for having me and for affording me new opportunities to augment my experiences in Israel.I hope to help promote the role of criminology here at Hebrew University, especially the relationship between research in behavioural science and the law as well as social policy. I have just returned from a one-week trip to the States under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences to discuss a new report of a Panel on Rehabilitation, which represents some of this admixture of science, ethics and law to which I refer.I wish to share with you some thoughts about Western society's changing penal philosophy, with particular emphasis on the shift from rehabilitation to retribution. Some of what I discuss is rooted in empirical science; some is my personal perspective. There should be little difficulty discerning the differences. For many years of my professional life I adhered to William Graham Summer's dictum—Yale University's early 20th century sociologist—that the purpose of sociology is to describe, not prescribe.
Child Custody: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Warburg Ronald 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this essay is to give an aperçu of the varying approaches for the disposition of child custody cases developed by American law during the past thirty years and the Rabbinical Courts of Israel (hereinafter referred to as theBeth Din), a contemporary repository of the sources of Jewish law. The study that follows is not to be read as “a history of child custody” in the sense of tracing this legal topic as it might have developed over the course of time.Though there will be occasion to allude to the relevant principles of American law and principles of Jewish law, it is the jurisprudential perspective rather than the substantive content which is the primary theme.I. A parent's relationship to his child may be viewed as a status carrying with it certain responsibilities and duties owed to the child with reference to care, education, and support. When a family breaks up through death, divorce, separation, child neglect or abandonment, the individual who performs most of the parental functions, who lives and cares for the child is said to have custody of the child, even though someone else may exercise some other parental rights and obligations.In determining a custody dispute between natural parents and proceedings involving a natural parent and a third party, American courts have frequently based their decisions on two doctrines.
Ideal family size in the Irish Republic
Authors: Wilson-Davis K. 
Published: May 2019

SummarySummary From a survey conducted in the Irish Republic, data on ideal family size are given. Irish wives have high family size preferences, the overall mean ideal family size being 4.3 children. The Irish data are compared with American and western European; they show that the ideals of wives in Ireland are significantly higher than in these other countries. The concept of ideal family size appears to possess validity in its own right, and is not solely a rationalization of actual fertility experience.
Husbands' attitudes towards abortion and Canadian abortion law
Authors: Osborn R. W. , Silkey B. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAmong a sample of 601 married men, whose wives are in the reproductive ages, religious affliation is strongly related to opinions about the permissibility of abortion under varied circumstances and Canadian abortion law. Education and other influences are altered when the effects of religion are included but some differentials persist within religious groupings. These suggest that secular trends towards increasing levels of education may tend to narrow religious-based differentials in abortion attitudes. An association of permissive attitudes towards abortion with use of highly effective contraceptive methods and with prior use of abortion is found.
Menstrual regulation clients in a village-based family planning programme
Authors: Bhatia Shushum , Ruzicka Lado T. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMenstrual regulation (MR) was introduced as one of the components of the village-based family planning and meternal and child care programme initiated by the Cholera Research Laboratory, Dacca, in 70 villages in Matlab thana in October 1977. Social and demographic characteristics of the MR clients are compared with those of the users of other contraceptive methods offered by the programme. Reasons for pregnancy termination and the high continuation rates of contraceptive use after MR suggest that, in particular, the younger women are becoming increasingly conscious of controlling their childbearing and spacing their pregnancies.