bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video capsule endoscopy as a tool for evaluation of obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding in the intensive care unit
Authors: Hakimian Shahrad , Jawaid Salmaan , Guilarte-Walker Yurima , Mathew Jomol , Cave David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) is a minimally invasive tool that helps visualize the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the right colon without the need for sedation or preparation. VCE is safe with very few contraindications. However, its role and safety profile in the intensive care unit (ICU) population have not been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of VCE use in ICU patients.
Patients and methods We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study of patients who underwent VCE for evaluation of obscure overt gastrointestinal bleeding in the ICU between 2008 and 2016.
Results This study included 48 patients who were admitted to the UMass Memorial Medical Center ICUs for gastrointestinal bleeding. VCE was successfully completed in 43/48 (90 %) patients. The entire length of small bowel could be evaluated in 75 % and the source of bleeding was identified in 44 % of the patients. The most commonly identified source of bleeding included small bowel angioectasias, duodenal erosions/ulcers, and small bowel polyps. No major complications could be attributed to the VCE. Only 1 capsule was retained after 2 wk; however, there was no incidence of bowel obstruction, perforation, or capsule aspiration.
Conclusions This observational retrospective study demonstrates that VCE may be a safe, feasible, and effective diagnostic tool in evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding in the ICU population with few complications. VCE may be a safe diagnostic prelude and be a guide to the correct therapeutic procedure if needed, in the context of patients who are seriously ill.
Zerebrale Mikroangiopathien
Authors: Düring Marco , Opherk Christian 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungZerebrale Mikroangiopathien, Erkrankungen der kleinen Gefäße (perforierende Arterien und Arteriolen, Kapillaren, Venolen) des Gehirns, sind häufige Ursachen von Schlaganfall und vaskulärer Demenz. Die häufigste Form ist alters- und hypertonieassoziiert, die genauen Pathomechanismen sind jedoch weitgehend unbekannt. Weitere relevante Formen sind die zerebrale Amyloidangiopathie und monogen vererbte Mikroangiopathien, wie bspw. CADASIL als häufigste erbliche Schlaganfallerkrankung. An klinischen Manifestationen finden sich akute (ischämischer oder hämorrhagischer Schlaganfall) und chronische Symptome. Zu letzteren zählen eine Gangstörung, affektive Symptome und eine vaskuläre kognitive Störung mit Defiziten vorwiegend im Bereich der Exekutivfunktionen. In der MRT finden sich charakteristische Gewebeläsionen, u. a. konfluierende T2-Hyperintensitäten (Leukenzephalopathie), Lakunen, Mikroblutungen und kortikale Mikroinfarkte. Zudem kommt es im Verlauf zu einer Gehirnatrophie. Differenzialdiagnostisch müssen die verschiedenen Formen der Mikroangiopathie voneinander abgegrenzt werden, da dies ggf. therapeutische Konsequenzen hat. Ferner stellen entzündliche ZNS-Erkrankungen und Leukodystrophien mögliche Differenzialdiagnosen dar. Therapeutisch steht die Optimierung des Gefäßrisikoprofils im Vordergrund.
Electrically induced 2D half-metallic antiferromagnets and spin field effect transistors
Authors: Gong Shi-Jing , Gong Cheng , Sun Yu-Yun , Tong Wen-Yi , Duan Chun-Gang , Chu Jun-Hao , Zhang Xiang 
Published: August 2018

Significance
When conduction electrons in a solid are completely spin polarized, the single-spin transport results in great promise in spintronic (i.e., spin electronic) applications. Realizing high-efficiency spintronic devices based on 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials would tremendously impact nanoscale spintronics and the current information technologies. However, a minority of vdW materials are magnetic, among which antiferromagnets do not have net spin polarization whereas ferromagnets usually have limited imbalance between oppositely polarized electrons. Here, we show that antiferromagnetic vdW bilayers can be made half metallic, in which electrons of singular spin are metallic but those of the opposite spin are insulating, leading to 100% spin-polarized conduction electrons. Based on this finding, an interesting type of spin field effect transistor is proposed.
A new puzzle about belief and credence
Authors: Moon Andrew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractI present a puzzle about belief and credence, which takes the form of three independently supported views that are mutually inconsistent. The first is the view thatShas a modal belief thatp(e.g.,Sbelieves that probably-p) if and only ifShas a corresponding credence thatp. The second is the view thatSbelieves thatponly ifShas some credence thatp. The third is the view that, possibly,Sbelieves thatpwithout a modal belief thatp. [Word Count: 85]
RETRACTED: Research on Application of Artificial Intelligence Based on Big Data Background in Computer Network Technology
Authors: Yang Lin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In recent years, science and technology have developed rapidly, information data has grown rapidly and society has entered the era of big data. Big data contains enormous economic, social, scientific values and has become the focus of attention of all walks of life. Many scholars have invested in the research of big data. Computer network technology has changed people’s lifestyles, provided convenience for human life and developed toward the direction of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence technology improves the performance and effectiveness of computer network technology. This article takes artificial intelligence in the background of big data era as the research object, exploreing its application in computer network technology, which provides some reference significance for the research and application of artificial intelligence in computer network technology.
Trends in Poliovirus Seroprevalence in Kano State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Verma Harish , Iliyasu Zubairu , Craig Kehinde T , Molodecky Natalie A , Urua Utibeabasi , Jibir Binta Wudil , Gwarzo Garba Dayyabu , Gajida Auwalu U , McDonald Sharla , Weldon William C , Oberste M Steven , Braka Fiona , Mkanda Pascal , Sutter Roland W 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Kano state has been a protracted reservoir of poliovirus in Nigeria. Immunity trends have been monitored through seroprevalence surveys since 2011. The survey in 2015 was, in addition, intended to assess the impact of use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV).

Methods
It was a health facility based seroprevalence survey. Eligible children aged 6-9, 12-15 and 19-22 months of age brought to the paediatrics outpatient department of Murtala Mohammad Specialist Hospital between 19 October and 6 November 2015, were screened for eligibility. Eligible children were enrolled after parental consent, history taken, physical examination conducted, and a blood sample collected to test for neutralizing antibody titres against the three poliovirus serotypes.

Results
Overall, 365 results were available in the three age groups. In the 6-9-month-old age group, the seroprevalence was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 64-80%), 83% (95% CI 75-88%), and 66% (95% CI 57-73%) for serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the 12-15- and 19-22-month-old age groups, seroprevalence was higher but still remained <90% across serotypes. Seroprevalence to serotypes 1 and 3 in 2015 was similar to 2014; however, for serotype 2 there was a significant improvement. IPV received in supplemental immunization activities was found to be a significant predictor of seropositivity among 6-9-month-old infants for serotypes 1 and 2.

Conclusions
Seroprevalence for serotypes 1 and 3 remains low (<80%) in 6-9-month-olds. This poses a significant risk for poliovirus spread if reintroduced into the population. Efforts to strengthen immunization coverage are imperative to secure and sustain high population immunity.
Exact solutions of infinite dimensional total-variation regularized problems
Authors: Flinth Axel , Weiss Pierre 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study the solutions of infinite dimensional inverse problems over Banach spaces. The regularizer is defined as the total variation of a linear mapping of the function to recover, while the data fitting term is a near arbitrary function. The first contribution describes the solution’s structure: we show that under mild assumptions, there always exists an $m$-sparse solution, where $m$ is the number of linear measurements of the signal. Our second contribution is about the computation of the solution. While most existing works first discretize the problem, we show that exact solutions of the infinite dimensional problem can be obtained by solving one or two consecutive finite dimensional convex programs depending on the measurement functions structures. We finish by showing an application on scattered data approximation. These results extend recent advances in the understanding of total-variation regularized inverse problems.
Overview of quality management models for inpatient healthcare settings. A scoping review
Authors: Maritz Roxanne , Scheel-Sailer Anke , Schmitt Klaus , Prodinger Birgit 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Purpose
This scoping review aimed to generate an overview of existing quality management (QM) models for inpatient healthcare published in peer-reviewed literature.

Data sources
Peer-reviewed publications published until June 2016 were retrieved from the databases Medline, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library using search terms related to QM and models.

Study selection
Publications mentioning a QM model for general application in healthcare or inpatient care in their title or abstract were included. Languages considered were: English, French, German, Italian and Spanish.

Data extraction
Data extraction was 3-fold. First, publication characteristics were summarized. Second, the frequency of each identified model was documented and the publications were divided into conceptual and implementation publications. Third, relevant QM models were identified and information regarding the model, including content and relationship with other models, was extracted.

Results of data synthesis
Of 925 retrieved publications, 213 were included. The included publications reported on 64 different QM models that were suitable for or used in inpatient care. Seventeen models were identified as being relevant. The 17 models were then categorized into three different levels: conceptual quality improvement models, concrete application models and country specific adaptations.

Conclusion
This scoping review provides an overview of 17 existing QM models for inpatient care and their relationships with each other. Various types of models with differing aspects and components exist. In searching for QM models, many different concepts like QM system, accreditation or methodologies appeared. For future investigation, concepts of interest should be clarified.
Viral Etiology of Acute Gastroenteritis in <2-Year-Old US Children in the Post–Rotavirus Vaccine Era
Authors: Hassan Ferdaus , Kanwar Neena , Harrison Christopher J , Halasa Natasha B , Chappell James D , Englund Janet A , Klein Eileen J , Weinberg Geoffrey A , Szilagyi Peter G , Moffatt Mary E , Oberste M Steven , Nix William A , Rogers Shannon , Bowen Michael D , Vinjé Jan , Wikswo Mary E , Parashar Umesh D , Payne Daniel C , Selvarangan Rangaraj 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The rotavirus disease burden has declined substantially since rotavirus vaccine was introduced in the United States in 2006. The aim of this study was to determine the viral etiology of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in US children aged <2 years.

Methods
The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) of geographically diverse US sites conducts active pediatric population-based surveillance in hospitals and emergency departments. Stool samples were collected from children aged <2 years with symptoms of AGE (n = 330) and age-matched healthy controls (HCs) (n = 272) between January and December 2012. Samples were tested by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays {adenovirus (type 40 and 41), norovirus, parechovirus A, enterovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus} and an enzyme immunoassay (rotavirus). All samples that tested positive were genotyped.

Results
Detection rates of pathogens in children with AGE versus those of HCs were, respectively, 23.0% versus 6.6% for norovirus (P < .01), 23.0% versus 16.0% for adenovirus (P = .08), 11.0% versus 16.0% for parechovirus A (P = .09), 11.0% versus 9.0% for enterovirus (P = .34), 7.0% versus 3.0% for sapovirus (P = .07), 3.0% versus 0.3% for astrovirus (P = .01), and 3.0% versus 0.4% for rotavirus (P = .01). A high prevalence of adenovirus was detected at 1 surveillance site (49.0% for children with AGE and 43.0% for HCs). Norovirus GII.4 New Orleans was the most frequently detected (33.0%) norovirus genotype. Codetection of >1 virus was more common in children with AGE (16.0%) than in HCs (10.0%) (P = .03).

Conclusions
Norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and rotavirus were detected significantly more in children with AGE than in HCs, and norovirus was the leading AGE-causing pathogen in US children aged <2 years during the year 2012.
A sextet of clusters in the Vela OB2 region revealed by Gaia
Authors: Beccari Giacomo , Boffin Henri M J , Jerabkova Tereza , Wright Nicholas J , Kalari Venu M , Carraro Giovanni , De Marchi Guido , de Wit Willem-Jan 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Using Gaia DR2 data, combined with OmegaCAM ground-based optical photometry from the Accretion Disc with OmegaCAM survey, and detailed radial velocity measurements from ESO-Gaia, we analyse in detail a 10 × 5 deg region around the Wolf–Rayet Star γ2 Vel, including the previously known clusters Gamma Vel and NGC2547. Using clustering analysis that considers positions, proper motions, and parallax, we discover six clusters or associations – four of which appear new. Analysis of the colour–magnitude diagram for these clusters shows that four of them formed coevally from the same molecular clouds 10 Myr ago, while NGC 2547 formed together with a newly discovered cluster 30 Myr ago. This study shows the incredible wealth of data provided by Gaia for the study of young stellar clusters.
Integrative Population and Physiological Genomics Reveals Mechanisms of Adaptation in Killifish
Authors: Brennan Reid S , Healy Timothy M , Bryant Heather J , La Van , Schulte Patricia M , Whitehead Andrew 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Adaptive divergence between marine and freshwater (FW) environments is important in generating phyletic diversity within fishes, but the genetic basis of this process remains poorly understood. Genome selection scans can identify adaptive loci, but incomplete knowledge of genotype–phenotype connections makes interpreting their significance difficult. In contrast, association mapping (genome-wide association mapping [GWAS], random forest [RF] analyses) links genotype to phenotype, but offer limited insight into the evolutionary forces shaping variation. Here, we combined GWAS, RF, and selection scans to identify loci important in adaptation to FW environments. We utilized FW-native and brackish water (BW)-native populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) as well as a naturally admixed population between the two. We measured morphology and multiple physiological traits that differ between populations and may contribute to osmotic adaptation (salinity tolerance, hypoxia tolerance, metabolic rate, body shape) and used a reduced representation approach for genome-wide genotyping. Our results show patterns of population divergence in physiological capabilities that are consistent with local adaptation. Population genomic scans between BW-native and FW-native populations identified genomic regions evolving by natural selection, whereas association mapping revealed loci that contribute to variation for each trait. There was substantial overlap in the genomic regions putatively under selection and loci associated with phenotypic traits, particularly for salinity tolerance, suggesting that these regions and genes are important for adaptive divergence between BW and FW environments. Together, these data provide insight into the mechanisms that enable diversification of fishes across osmotic boundaries.
Low-Dose Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Acromegaly
Authors: Pai Fu-Yuan , Chen Ching-Jen , Wang Wen-Hsin , Yang Huai-Che , Lin Chung Jung , Wu Hsiu-Mei , Lin Yi-Chun , Chen Harn-Shen , Yen Yu-Shu , Chung Wen-Yuh , Guo Wan-Yuo , Pan David Hung-Chi , Shiau Cheng-Ying , Lee Cheng-Chia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Remission rate is associated with higher dose of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS; Gamma Knife: Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for acromegaly, but the dose ≥25 Gy is not always feasible when the functioning adenoma is close to optic apparatus

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose (<25 Gy) GKRS in the treatment of patients with acromegaly.

Methods
Single-center retrospective review of acromegaly cases treated with GKRS between June 1994 and December 2016. A total of 76 patients with the diagnosis of acromegaly who were treated with low-dose GKRS were selected for inclusion. Patients were treated with a median margin dose, isodose line, and treatment volume of 15.8 Gy, 57.5%, and 4.8 mL, respectively. Any identifiable portion of the optic apparatus was limited to a radiation dose of 10 Gy. All patients underwent full endocrine, ophthalmological, and imaging evaluation prior to and after GKRS treatments, and results of these were analyzed.

Results
Biochemical remission was achieved in 33 (43.4%) patients. Actuarial remission rates were 20.3%, 49.9%, and 76.3% at 4, 8, and 12 yr, respectively. Absence of cavernous sinus invasion (P = .042) and lower baseline insulin-like growth factor-1 levels (P = .019) were significant predictors of remission. New hormone deficiencies were found in 9 (11.8%) patients. Actuarial hormone deficiency rates were 3%, 14%, and 22.2% at 4, 8, and 10 yr, respectively. Two (2.6%) patients who achieved initial remission experienced recurrence. No optic complications were encountered.

CONCLUSION
Reasonable remission and new hormone deficiency rates can be achieved with low-dose GKRS for acromegaly. These rates may be comparable to those with standard GKRS margin doses.
Occipital Artery to Extradural Vertebral Artery Bypass for Posterior Circulation Ischemia
Authors: Wang Xuan , Tong Xiaoguang , Shi Minggang , Shang Yanguo , Wang Hu 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Posterior circulation ischemic strokes can have devastating consequences, despite medical therapies. Extracranial–intracranial bypass for the augmentation of flow is a treatment option for selected patients with hemodynamic compromise and recurrent ischemia. However, posterior circulation bypass carries a higher risk and lower patency rate than bypass with anterior circulation.

OBJECTIVE
To present the occipital artery to the extradural vertebral artery (OA-eVA) bypass for posterior circulation ischemia.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed our experience of the OA-eVA bypass surgery in the treatment of bilateral vertebral steno-occlusive disease.

RESULTS
Seventeen patients were identified. Thirteen patients had bilateral vertebral artery (VA) occlusion (type I), while 4 patients had VA occlusion with contralateral VA severe stenosis (type II). All patients had cerebellar or pons infarction, for which the postoperative bypass patency rate was 100%, with carotid angiogram demonstrating excellent filling of the rostral basilar system or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory. The long-term follow-up outcome was favorable (modified Rankin score of 0-2) in 82% of patients (7 patients had complete resolution and 7 had improvement of symptoms) and unfavorable in 18%. One type II case without previous endovascular therapy developed recurrent ischemic onset associated with bypass occlusion.

CONCLUSION
OA-eVA bypass is a minimally invasive and effective alternative to posterior circulation ischemia. It provides sufficient blood flow augmentation to the vertebrobasilar territory. The advantages of this novel therapeutic strategy include avoiding performing craniotomy and deep bypass and achieving shorter operative times compared to conventional bypass surgery.
Political Staff and the Gendered Division of Political Labour in Canada
Authors: Snagovsky Feodor , Kerby Matthew 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile there is considerable research on elected legislators in a variety of contexts, the academic knowledge about their advisors is very limited. This is surprising, given a considerable portion of work attributed to legislators is performed by political staff. Further, political advising increasingly serves as a training ground for future politicians in many professionalised legislatures. We use a mixed-methods approach to understand how the influence of men and women differs in political advising positions in the case of Canada’s House of Commons, and how this may affect women’s political ambition. We demonstrate while close to an equal number of men and women work for MPs in a political capacity on Parliament Hill, men continue to dominate legislative roles while women continue to dominate administrative roles. Further, legislative work increases political ambition, which means more men benefit from the socialising effects of legislative work than women.
The relationship between buildings and health: a systematic review
Authors: Ige Janet , Pilkington Paul , Orme Judy , Williams Ben , Prestwood Emily , Black D , Carmichael Laurence , Scally Gabriel 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The built environment exerts one of the strongest directly measurable effects on physical and mental health, yet the evidence base underpinning the design of healthy urban planning is not fully developed.

Method
This study provides a systematic review of quantitative studies assessing the impact of buildings on health. In total, 7127 studies were identified from a structured search of eight databases combined with manual searching for grey literature. Only quantitative studies conducted between January 2000 and November 2016 were eligible for inclusion. Studies were assessed using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies.

Results
In total, 39 studies were included in this review. Findings showed consistently that housing refurbishment and modifications, provision of adequate heating, improvements to ventilation and water supply were associated with improved respiratory outcomes, quality of life and mental health. Prioritization of housing for vulnerable groups led to improved wellbeing. However, the quality of the underpinning evidence and lack of methodological rigour in most of the studies makes it difficult to draw causal links.

Conclusion
This review identified evidence to demonstrate the strong association between certain features of housing and wellbeing such as adequate heating and ventilation. Our findings highlight the need for strengthening of the evidence base in order for meaningful conclusions to be drawn.