bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major microbiota dysbiosis in severe obesity: fate after bariatric surgery
Authors: Aron-Wisnewsky Judith , Prifti Edi , Belda Eugeni , Ichou Farid , Kayser Brandon D , Dao Maria Carlota , Verger Eric O , Hedjazi Lyamine , Bouillot Jean-Luc , Chevallier Jean-Marc , Pons Nicolas , Le Chatelier Emmanuelle , Levenez Florence , Ehrlich Stanislav Dusko , Dore Joel , Zucker Jean-Daniel , Clément Karine 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesDecreased gut microbial gene richness (MGR) and compositional changes are associated with adverse metabolism in overweight or moderate obesity, but lack characterisation in severe obesity. Bariatric surgery (BS) improves metabolism and inflammation in severe obesity and is associated with gut microbiota modifications. Here, we characterised severe obesity-associated dysbiosis (ie, MGR, microbiota composition and functional characteristics) and assessed whether BS would rescue these changes.DesignSixty-one severely obese subjects, candidates for adjustable gastric banding (AGB, n=20) or Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB, n=41), were enrolled. Twenty-four subjects were followed at 1, 3 and 12 months post-BS. Gut microbiota and serum metabolome were analysed using shotgun metagenomics and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Confirmation groups were included.ResultsLow gene richness (LGC) was present in 75% of patients and correlated with increased trunk-fat mass and comorbidities (type 2 diabetes, hypertension and severity). Seventy-eight metagenomic species were altered with LGC, among which 50% were associated with adverse body composition and metabolic phenotypes. Nine serum metabolites (includingglutarate,3-methoxyphenylacetic acidandL-histidine) and functional modules containing protein families involved in their metabolism were strongly associated with low MGR. BS increased MGR 1 year postsurgery, but most RYGB patients remained with low MGR 1 year post-BS, despite greater metabolic improvement than AGB patients.ConclusionsWe identified major gut microbiota alterations in severe obesity, which include decreased MGR and related functional pathways linked with metabolic deteriorations. The lack of full rescue post-BS calls for additional strategies to improve the gut microbiota ecosystem and microbiome–host interactions in severe obesity.Trial registration numberNCT01454232.
Disruption of a −35 kb Enhancer Impairs CTCF Binding and MLH1 Expression in Colorectal Cells
Authors: Liu Qing , Thoms Julie A.I. , Nunez Andrea C. , Huang Yizhou , Knezevic Kathy , Packham Deborah , Poulos Rebecca C. , Williams Rachel , Beck Dominik , Hawkins Nicholas J. , Ward Robyn L. , Wong Jason W.H. , Hesson Luke B. , Sloane Mathew A. , Pimanda John E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose: MLH1 is a major tumor suppressor gene involved in the pathogenesis of Lynch syndrome and various sporadic cancers. Despite their potential pathogenic importance, genomic regions capable of regulating MLH1 expression over long distances have yet to be identified.
Experimental Design: Here, we use chromosome conformation capture (3C) to screen a 650-kb region flanking the MLH1 locus to identify interactions between the MLH1 promoter and distal regions in MLH1-expressing and nonexpressing cells. Putative enhancers were functionally validated using luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and CRISPR-Cas9–mediated deletion of endogenous regions. To evaluate whether germline variants in the enhancer might contribute to impaired MLH1 expression in patients with suspected Lynch syndrome, we also screened germline DNA from a cohort of 74 patients with no known coding mutations or epimutations at the MLH1 promoter.
Results: A 1.8-kb DNA fragment, 35 kb upstream of the MLH1 transcription start site enhances MLH1 gene expression in colorectal cells. The enhancer was bound by CTCF and CRISPR-Cas9–mediated deletion of a core binding region impairs endogenous MLH1 expression. A total of 5.4% of suspected Lynch syndrome patients have a rare single-nucleotide variant (G &gt; A; rs143969848; 2.5% in gnomAD European, non-Finnish) within a highly conserved CTCF-binding motif, which disrupts enhancer activity in SW620 colorectal carcinoma cells.
Conclusions: A CTCF-bound region within the MLH1-35 enhancer regulates MLH1 expression in colorectal cells and is worthy of scrutiny in future genetic screening strategies for suspected Lynch syndrome associated with loss of MLH1 expression. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4602–11. ©2018 AACR.
The Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase-4 (PDK4) in Bladder Cancer and Chemoresistance
Authors: Woolbright Benjamin L. , Choudhary Dharamainder , Mikhalyuk Andrew , Trammel Cassandra , Shanmugam Sambantham , Abbott Erika , Pilbeam Carol C. , Taylor John A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Advanced bladder cancer remains a major source of mortality, with poor treatment options. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment, however many patients are or become resistant. One potential cause of chemoresistance is the Warburg effect, a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis that occurs in many cancers. Upregulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase family (PDK1–PDK4) is associated with aerobic glycolysis and chemoresistance through inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). We have previously observed upregulation of PDK4 in high-grade compared with low-grade bladder cancers. We initiated this study to determine if inhibition of PDK4 could reduce tumor growth rates or sensitize bladder cancer cells to cisplatin. Upregulation of PDK4 in malignant bladder cancer cell lines as compared with benign transformed urothelial cells was confirmed using qPCR. Inhibition of PDK4 with dichloroacetate (DCA) resulted in increased PDH activity, reduced cell growth, and G0–G1 phase arrest in bladder cancer cells. Similarly, siRNA knockdown of PDK4 inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation. Cotreatment of bladder cancer cells with cisplatin and DCA did not increase caspase-3 activity but did enhance overall cell death in vitro. Although daily treatment with 200 mg/kg DCA alone did not reduce tumor volumes in a xenograft model, combination treatment with cisplatin resulted in dramatically reduced tumor volumes as compared with either DCA or cisplatin alone. This was attributed to substantial intratumoral necrosis. These findings indicate inhibition of PDK4 may potentiate cisplatin-induced cell death and warrant further studies investigating the mechanism through which this occurs. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(9); 2004–12. ©2018 AACR.
Peasant Sex Workers in Metropolitan China and the Pivotal Concept of Money
Authors: Tsang Eileen Yuk-ha , Lowe John , Wilkinson Jeffrey S. , Scambler Graham 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article is a theoretically informed empirical investigation of breadwinning peasant workers in China’s urban metropolis of Guangdong and the values they ascribe to money acquired through sex work. The existing literature about money sits at the very core of modernity, individualisation and mobility providing endless opportunities to explore its variegated meanings in China’s global commercial sex industry. We situate the women’s desires and endeavours to escape from rural poverty in relation to the nuances of economic and class location in the urban context of post-reform China. We, then, argue that the rural poor migrant women interpret sex work and money as “contradictory” properties of individualism that enhance their personal options, as well as meeting their costs. We introduce a typology of the multiple roles that money plays in their lives. Our findings, we suggest, have significant “general” resonance and ramifications for the ongoing de-collectivisation of rural Chinese society.
Circulation Features Associated with the Record-Breaking Rainfall over South China in June 2017
Authors: Sun Jianqi , Ming Jing , Zhang Mengqi , Yu Shui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn June 2017, south China suffered from intense rainfall that broke the record spanning the previous 70 years. In this study, the large-scale circulations associated with the south China June rainfall are analyzed. The results show that the anomalous Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern is a direct influence on south China June rainfall or East Asian early summer rainfall. In addition, the Australian high was the strongest in June 2017 during the past 70 years, which can increase the equatorward flow to northern Australia and activate convection over the Maritime Continent. Enhanced convection over the Maritime Continent can further enhance local meridional circulation along East Asia, engendering downward motion over the tropical western North Pacific and enhancing the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and upward motion over south China, which increases the rainfall therein. In addition, a strong wave train pattern associated with North Atlantic air–sea interaction was observed in June 2017 at Northern Hemispheric mid- to high latitudes; it originated from the North Atlantic and propagated eastward to East Asia, resulting in an anomalous anticyclone over the Mongolian–Baikal Lake region. This anomalous anticyclone produced strong northerly winds over East Asia that encountered the southerly associated with the WPSH over south China, thereby favoring intense rainfall over the region. Case studies of June 2017 and climate research based on data during 1979–2017 and 1948–2017 indicate that the extremities of the atmospheric circulation over south Europe and Australian high and their coupling with the PJ pattern could be responsible for the record-breaking south China rainfall in June 2017.
Relationship between the Hadley Circulation and Different Tropical Meridional SST Structures during Boreal Summer
Authors: Feng Juan , Li Jianping , Jin Feifei , Zhao Sen , Zhu Jianlei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe relationship of the Hadley circulation (HC) to different tropical sea surface temperature (SST) meridional structures during boreal summer is investigated over the period of 1979–2016. After decomposing the variations of the HC into the equatorially asymmetric HC (HEA), zonal-mean equatorially asymmetric SST (SEA), equatorially symmetric HC (HES), and equatorially symmetric SST (SES) components, the ratio of the HEA associated with SEA with respect to the HES associated with SES is around 2 across multiple reanalyses, which is a smaller ratio than in the annual and seasonal cycle. The reduced ratio of the HC to SST is due to the regional SST variation in the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) domain. The first leading mode (EOF1) of the regional SST variability in the ASM domain is dominated by a homogeneous warming pattern. This pattern is associated with an equatorially asymmetric HC, but it has an opposite direction to the climatological HEA and so weakens the HEA. The second dominant mode has an El Niño–like pattern, which resembles the distribution of the principal mode of the SST in the non-ASM region. Both modes are responsible for the variation of HES. However, the SST EOF1 in the ASM domain displays a significant upward trend, favoring a suppressed HEA, and leading to the smaller ratio of the HC to SST during boreal summer. Moreover, the variation of the SST EOF1 is closely linked with the intensity of the ASM, highlighting the potential modulation by the ASM of the relation between the HC and SST during boreal summer.
Observed Cross-Shelf Flow Induced by Mesoscale Eddies in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zeng Lili , Li Jian , Chen Ju , He Yunkai , Yao Jinglong , Wang Dongxiao , Zhou Weidong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCross-shelf flow induced by mesoscale eddies has been investigated in the northern South China Sea (NSCS) using velocity observations from Long Ranger ADCP moorings. Mesoscale eddies influenced the three mooring stations during almost all the observation period. Four quadrants have been defined with the mooring location as the origin, and it is found that warm (cold) mesoscale eddies induce onshore (offshore) movement in the eastern two quadrants and offshore (onshore) movement in the western two quadrants. When an eddy propagates past a mooring station, net cross-shelf flow at the mooring station can be induced by asymmetry in the horizontal and vertical structure of the eddy and by its evolution. As an eddy propagates westward, its shape changes continually and the vertical modes also transform from high to lower modes, which contributes to the net cross-shelf flow. Based on the quasigeostrophic potential vorticity equation, it is confirmed that the net cross-shelf flow is mainly induced by the eddy evolution and suppressed by nonlinear effect. Because of dispersion characteristics of the mesoscale eddy, barotropic mode will restructure at the baroclinic mode area after separating from the baroclinic mode, which will be enhanced by topography slope.
Variational Analysis of Simulated Ocean Surface Winds from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) and Evaluation Using a Regional OSSE
Authors: Leidner S. Mark , Annane Bachir , McNoldy Brian , Hoffman Ross , Atlas Robert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA positive impact of adding directional information to observations from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYNGSS) constellation of microsatellites is observed in simulation using a high-resolution nature run of an Atlantic hurricane for a 4-day period. Directional information is added using a two-dimensional variational analysis method (VAM) for near-surface vector winds that blends simulated CYGNSS wind speeds with an a priori background vector wind field at 6-h analysis times. The resulting wind vectors at CYGNSS data locations are more geophysically self-consistent when using high-resolution 6-h forecast backgrounds from a Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast Model (HWRF) control observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) compared to low-resolution 6-h forecasts from an associated Global Forecast System (GFS) model control OSSE. An important contributing factor is the large displacement error in the center of circulation in the GFS background wind fields that produces asymmetric circulations in the associated VAM analyses. Results of a limited OSSE indicate that CYGNSS winds reduce forecast error in hurricane intensity in 0–48-h forecasts compared to using no CYGNSS data. Assimilation of VAM-CYGNSS vector winds reduces maximum wind speed error by 2–5 kt (1 kt = 0.51 m s−1) and reduces minimum central pressure error by 2–5 hPa. The improvement in forecast intensity is notably larger and more consistent than the reduction in track error. The assimilation of VAM-CYGNSS wind vectors constrains analyses of surface wind field structures during OSSE more effectively than wind speeds alone. Because of incomplete sampling and the limitations of the data assimilation system used, CYGNSS scalar winds produce unwanted wind/pressure imbalances and asymmetries more often than the assimilation of VAM-CYGNSS data.
Early Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalogram as a Predictor of Brain Injury in Newborns With Very Low Birth Weight: A Cohort Study
Authors: Magalhães Luiza V. S. , Winckler Maria Isabel B. , Bragatti José Augusto , Procianoy Renato S. , Silveira Rita C. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between abnormal early amplitude integrated electroencephalography (EEG) and severe lesions in imaging tests performed during the neonatal period in very low birth weight infants. Methods: An amplitude-integrated EEG was performed in 70 patients with a mean birth weight of 1226 g during the first 48 hours of life. Severe lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasonography (US) during the neonatal period were considered as adverse conditions. Variables were compared using the χ2 test or analysis of variance. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratio were calculated. Results: Adverse outcomes were observed in 6 patients. There was a significant relationship ( P < .001) between abnormal amplitude-integrated EEG background and severe lesions on MRI and US. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 89%, respectively. Conclusion: Early amplitude-integrated EEG with moderate/severe abnormalities in the background is associated with severe structural lesions detected in imaging studies and should be considered as an auxiliary screening tool for the detection of neonatal brain lesions in very low birth weight infants.
Associations Between Parenting Stress at School Entry and Later Psychosocial Adjustment: A Longitudinal Study of Children With Congenital Craniofacial Anomalies
Authors: Wolodiger Emily D. , Pope Alice W. 
Published: June 2018

Objective: To examine the reciprocal relationships between parenting stress and psychosocial adjustment of children with congenital craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) at 2 time points: school entry and approximately 2.5 years later, after children had time to adjust to school. Design: Retrospective review of medical charts of children with CFAs. Setting: Department of reconstructive plastic surgery at an urban medical center. Participants: Parents of 42 children aged 3.9 to 6.5 years at time 1 and 6.5 and 9.8 years at time 2. Main Outcome Measures: Parenting Stress Index/Short Form and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), both completed by parents at time 1 and time 2. Results: Compared to norms, more parents scored in the clinical range on parenting stress both at time 1 and time 2. Parenting stress remained stable across the 2 time points. Although rates of psychosocial problems for boys were comparable to those of the CBCL normative sample, higher-than-expected rates of clinically significant internalizing and externalizing were found for girls at time 2. Parenting stress at time 1 was associated with child internalizing and externalizing problems at time 2. Whereas child externalizing problems at time 1 predicted parenting stress at time 2, child internalizing at time 1 showed trivial effects on time 2 parenting stress. Conclusions: Early school years may be a period that is particularly stressful for parents of children with CFAs. There appears to be a transactional relationship between parenting stress and child psychosocial adjustment during the early school years.
Influence of functional mobility and manual function on play in preschool children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Angelin Anaisa C , Sposito Amanda MP , Pfeifer Luzia I 
Published: June 2018

Introduction This study analysed the differences in play performance between preschool children with cerebral palsy and those with typical development and investigated the factors influencing functional mobility and manual dexterity on play in children with cerebral palsy. Method Sixty preschool children (30 with cerebral palsy; 30 with typical development), were assessed by the revised Knox Preschool Play Scale, being that children with cerebral palsy were also classified according to their functional mobility and manual dexterity. Results On average, all measures were significantly smaller in the cerebral palsy group than the typical development group (p≤ .002). Manual function and functional mobility were negatively correlated with material ( r = −.456, p = .011; r = −.487, p = .006) and space ( r = −.494, p = .006; r = −.784, p = .000). Also the results pointed out a significant correlation with topography and manual function ( r = .404, p = .027) and functional mobility ( r = .718, p = .000). Pretend play and participation showed no correlation with topography (r = −.051, p = .788; r = −.312, p = .093), manual function (r = −.019, p = .921; r = −.322, p = .083) and functional mobility (r = −.085, p = .657; r = −.308, p = .097). Conclusion Play performance of children with typical development was superior to those with cerebral palsy. The degree of impairment of functional mobility and manual function negatively was negatively associated with play exploration but did not relate to pretend play or social interaction in play.
A realistic appraisal of boron neutron capture therapy as a cancer treatment modality
Authors: Barth Rolf F. , Zhang Zizhu , Liu Tong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBoron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary therapeutic modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when the stable isotope boron‐10 is irradiated with neutrons to produce high‐energy alpha particles and recoiling lithium‐7 nuclei. In this Commentary we will focus on a number of papers that were presented at a Symposium entitled “Current Clinical Status of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy and Paths to the Future”, which was held in September 2017 at the China National Convention Center in Beijing. Results were presented by clinicians from Japan, Finland, the United States, the China mainland and Taiwan, China who have been working in the multiple disciplines that are required for carrying out clinical BNCT. The main focus was on the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors, recurrent tumors of the head and neck region, and cutaneous melanomas. The results obtained in treating these patients were reported in detail and, although most of the patients with brain tumors and head and neck cancer were not cured, there was evidence of some clinical efficacy. Although there are a number of problems that must be addressed, further clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of BNCT are warranted. First, despite considerable effort by numerous investigators over the past 40 years, there still are only two boron‐containing drugs in clinical use, l‐boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH). Therefore, until new and more effective boron delivery agents are developed, efforts should be directed to improving the dosing and delivery of BPA and BSH. Second, due to a variety of reasons, nuclear reactor‐based BNCT has ended except for its use in the China mainland and Taiwan. Therefore, the future of BNCT depends upon the results of the ongoing Phase II clinical trials that are being carried out in Japan and the soon to be initiated trials that will be carried out in Finland. If the results obtained from these clinical trials are sufficiently promising, then BNCT will have a clear path to the future, especially for patients with the therapeutically challenging malignancies that in the past have been treated with reactor‐based BNCT.
Boron delivery agents for neutron capture therapy of cancer
Authors: Barth Rolf F. , Mi Peng , Yang Weilian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBoron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapeutic modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when the stable isotope, boron‐10, is irradiated with neutrons to produce high energy alpha particles. This review will focus on tumor‐targeting boron delivery agents that are an essential component of this binary system. Two low molecular weight boron‐containing drugs currently are being used clinically, boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH). Although they are far from being ideal, their therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated in patients with high grade gliomas, recurrent tumors of the head and neck region, and a much smaller number with cutaneous and extra‐cutaneous melanomas. Because of their limitations, great effort has been expended over the past 40 years to develop new boron delivery agents that have more favorable biodistribution and uptake for clinical use. These include boron‐containing porphyrins, amino acids, polyamines, nucleosides, peptides, monoclonal antibodies, liposomes, nanoparticles of various types, boron cluster compounds and co‐polymers. Currently, however, none of these have reached the stage where there is enough convincing data to warrant clinical biodistribution studies. Therefore, at present the best way to further improve the clinical efficacy of BNCT would be to optimize the dosing paradigms and delivery of BPA and BSH, either alone or in combination, with the hope that future research will identify new and better boron delivery agents for clinical use.