bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extração Automática de Contornos de Edificações a partir de Dados LiDAR Aerotransportado
Authors: Carrilho André Caceres , Dos Santos Renato César , Pessoa Guilherme Gomes , Galo Mauricio 
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da extração automática de contornos de edificações a partir de dados LiDAR aerotransportado visando verificar se os erros obtidos nas áreas de edificações são compatíveis com os critérios estabelecidos pela Lei 10.406, de 10 de janeiro de 2002. Nesse contexto, duas abordagens são comparadas: uma presente no software LAStools (lasboundary) e um variante do algoritmo α-shape, cujo parâmetro α é estimado de modo adaptativo para cada edificação. As abordagens foram aplicadas em dois conjuntos de dados, um com densidade média de 5,8 pontos/m² e outro com 12,5 pontos/m². A partir dos experimentos foi possível determinar a qualidade obtida em cada caso, considerando diferentes indicadores: F-score, erro relativo em área, e a métrica PoLiS. Os resultados indicam que para a maior parte dos casos ambas abordagens apresentaram acurácia compatível com a Lei mencionada. De modo geral, o método variante do algoritmo α-shape forneceu melhores resultados, quando comparado ao uso da ferramenta lasboundary, na maior parte dos experimentos, indicando que a determinação dinâmica do parâmetro α contribui para a qualidade final da extração, principalmente em edificações mais complexas. Por fim, o uso da nuvem de pontos com maior densidade resultou em maior acurácia na extração de polígonos das edificações.
Desenvolvimento de Interface para Automação da Coleta de Temperatura Baseada em Redes Multiestação Aplicada ao Monitoramento de Estruturas Empregando-se Estações Totais
Authors: Carvajal Rodríguez Felipe Andrés , Koenig Veiga Luis Augusto 
Published: September 2019

O monitoramento geodésico de estruturas através de técnicas como irradiação tridimensional ou trilateração envolve as coletas de temperatura, pressão e umidade para cálculos referentes à correção de primeira-velocidade na medida da distância. Tradicionalmente, estas medidas são realizadas de forma pontual, junto ao equipamento de medida. Neste trabalho é apresentado o desenvolvimento de uma interface computacional para o uso integrado com a estação total em tempo real, que permite a coleta de valores de temperatura através de uma rede externa sem fio, composta por cinco sensores de temperatura, além do cálculo da correção de primeira velocidade, o qual é aplicado às distâncias medidas durante o levantamento. Para validar a aplicação do sistema proposto (software de interface mais os sensores de temperatura), os resultados de um experimento desenvolvido durante o monitoramento geodésico de uma barragem foram analisados. No processo de medição, foram obtidos diferentes valores de temperatura em cada sensor que compõe a rede, conforme a sua localização espacial na área de estudo, indicando que o uso do sistema proposto permite uma melhor e mais representativa estimativa da temperatura a ser utilizada no cálculo da correção e em tempo real. Resultados para o estudo de caso mostram variações de milímetros na correção, quando esta é comparada com o tradicional processo de mensurar os parâmetros ambientas somente na posição do instrumento de medida.
Cannabidiol Counteracts the Psychotropic Side-Effects of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in the Ventral Hippocampus through Bidirectional Control of ERK1–2 Phosphorylation
Authors: Hudson Roger , Renard Justine , Norris Christopher , Rushlow Walter J. , Laviolette Steven R. 
Published: September 2019

Evidence suggests that the phytocannabinoids Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) differentially regulate salience attribution and psychiatric risk. The ventral hippocampus (vHipp) relays emotional salience via control of dopamine (DA) neuronal activity states, which are dysregulated in psychosis and schizophrenia. Usingin vivoelectrophysiology in male Sprague Dawley rats, we demonstrate that intra-vHipp THC strongly increases ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neuronal frequency and bursting rates, decreases GABA frequency, and amplifies VTA beta, gamma and ε oscillatory magnitudes via modulation of local extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation (pERK1–2). Remarkably, whereas intra-vHipp THC also potentiates salience attribution in morphine place-preference and fear conditioning assays, CBD coadministration reverses these changes by downregulating pERK1–2 signaling, as pharmacological reactivation of pERK1–2 blocked the inhibitory properties of CBD. These results identify vHipp pERK1–2 signaling as a critical neural nexus point mediating THC-induced affective disturbances and suggest a potential mechanism by which CBD may counteract the psychotomimetic and psychotropic side effects of THC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTStrains of marijuana with high levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and low levels of cannabidiol (CBD) have been shown to underlie neuropsychiatric risks associated with high-potency cannabis use. However, the mechanisms by which CBD mitigates the side effects of THC have not been identified. We demonstrate that THC induces cognitive and affective abnormalities resembling neuropsychiatric symptoms directly in the hippocampus, while dysregulating dopamine activity states and amplifying oscillatory frequencies in the ventral tegmental area via modulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. In contrast, CBD coadministration blocked THC-induced ERK phosphorylation, and prevented THC-induced behavioral and neural abnormalities. These findings identify a novel molecular mechanism that may account for how CBD functionally mitigates the neuropsychiatric side effects of THC.
Toward Robust Functional Neuroimaging Genetics of Cognition
Authors: Uddén Julia , Hultén Annika , Bendtz Katarina , Mineroff Zachary , Kucera Katerina S. , Vino Arianna , Fedorenko Evelina , Hagoort Peter , Fisher Simon E. 
Published: September 2019

A commonly held assumption in cognitive neuroscience is that, because measures of human brain function are closer to underlying biology than distal indices of behavior/cognition, they hold more promise for uncovering genetic pathways. Supporting this view is an influential fMRI-based study of sentence reading/listening by Pinel et al. (2012), who reported that common DNA variants in specific candidate genes were associated with altered neural activation in language-related regions of healthy individuals that carried them. In particular, different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ofFOXP2correlated with variation in task-based activation in left inferior frontal and precentral gyri, whereas a SNP at theKIAA0319/TTRAP/THEM2locus was associated with variable functional asymmetry of the superior temporal sulcus. Here, we directly test each claim using a closely matched neuroimaging genetics approach in independent cohorts comprising 427 participants, four times larger than the original study of 94 participants. Despite demonstrating power to detect associations with substantially smaller effect sizes than those of the original report, we do not replicate any of the reported associations. Moreover, formal Bayesian analyses reveal substantial to strong evidence in support of the null hypothesis (no effect). We highlight key aspects of the original investigation, common to functional neuroimaging genetics studies, which could have yielded elevated false-positive rates. Genetic accounts of individual differences in cognitive functional neuroimaging are likely to be as complex as behavioral/cognitive tests, involving many common genetic variants, each of tiny effect. Reliable identification of true biological signals requires large sample sizes, power calculations, and validation in independent cohorts with equivalent paradigms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA pervasive idea in neuroscience is that neuroimaging-based measures of brain function, being closer to underlying neurobiology, are more amenable for uncovering links to genetics. This is a core assumption of prominent studies that associate common DNA variants with altered activations in task-based fMRI, despite using samples (10–100 people) that lack power for detecting the tiny effect sizes typical of genetically complex traits. Here, we test central findings from one of the most influential prior studies. Using matching paradigms and substantially larger samples, coupled to power calculations and formal Bayesian statistics, our data strongly refute the original findings. We demonstrate that neuroimaging genetics with task-based fMRI should be subject to the same rigorous standards as studies of other complex traits.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Mediated Metaplastic Inhibition of LTP Is Constitutively Engaged in an Alzheimer's Disease Model
Authors: Singh Anurag , Jones Owen D. , Mockett Bruce G. , Ohline Shane M. , Abraham Wickliffe C. 
Published: September 2019

LTP, a fundamental mechanism of learning and memory, is a highly regulated process. One form of regulation is metaplasticity (i.e., the activity-dependent and long-lasting changes in neuronal state that orchestrate the direction, magnitude, and persistence of future synaptic plasticity). We have previously described a heterodendritic metaplasticity effect, whereby strong high-frequency priming stimulation in stratum oriens inhibits subsequent LTP in the stratum radiatum of hippocampal area CA1, potentially by engagement of the enmeshed astrocytic network. This effect may occur due to neuron-glia interactions in response to priming stimulation that leads to the release of gliotransmitters. Here we found in male rats that TNFα and associated signal transduction enzymes, but not interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were responsible for mediating the metaplasticity effect. Replacing priming stimulation with TNFα incubation reproduced these effects. As TNFα levels are elevated in Alzheimer's disease, we examined whether heterodendritic metaplasticity is dysregulated in a transgenic mouse model of the disease, either before or after amyloid plaque formation. We showed that TNFα and IL-1β levels were significantly increased in aged but not young transgenic mice. Although control LTP was impaired in the young transgenic mice, it was not TNFα-dependent. In the older transgenic mice, however, LTP was impaired in a way that occluded further reduction by heterosynaptic metaplasticity, whereas LTP was entirely rescued by incubation with a TNFα antibody, but not an IL-1β antibody. Thus, TNFα mediates a heterodendritic metaplasticity in healthy rodents that becomes constitutively and selectively engaged in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe proinflammatory cytokine TNFα is known to be capable of inhibiting LTP and is upregulated several-fold in brain tissue, serum, and CSF of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the mechanistic roles played by TNFα in plasticity and AD remain poorly understood. Here we show that TNFα and its downstream signaling molecules p38 MAPK, ERK, and JNK contribute fundamentally to a long-range metaplastic inhibition of LTP in rats. Moreover, the impaired LTP in agedAPP/PS1mice is rescued by incubation with a TNFα antibody. Thus, there is an endogenous engagement of the metaplasticity mechanism in this mouse model of AD, supporting the idea that blocking TNFα might be of therapeutic benefit in the disease.
Effects of Locomotion on Visual Responses in the Mouse Superior Colliculus
Authors: Savier Elise L. , Chen Hui , Cang Jianhua 
Published: September 2019

Visual responses are extensively shaped by internal factors. This effect is drastic in the primary visual cortex (V1), where locomotion profoundly increases visually-evoked responses. Here we investigate whether a similar effect exists in another major visual structure, the superior colliculus (SC). By performing two-photon calcium imaging of head-fixed male and female mice running on a treadmill, we find that only a minority of neurons in the most superficial lamina of the SC display significant changes during locomotion. This modulation includes both increase and decrease in response amplitude and is similar between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The overall change in the SC is small, whereas V1 responses almost double during locomotion. Additionally, SC neurons display lower response variability and less spontaneous activity than V1 neurons. Together, these experiments indicate that locomotion-dependent modulation is not a widespread phenomenon in the early visual system and that the SC and V1 use different strategies to encode visual information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual information captured by the retina is processed in parallel through two major pathways, one reaching the primary visual cortex through the thalamus, and the other projecting to the superior colliculus. The two pathways then merge in the higher areas of the visual cortex. Recent studies have shown that behavioral state such as locomotion is an essential component of vision and can strongly affect visual responses in the thalamocortical pathway. Here we demonstrate that neurons in the mouse superior colliculus and primary visual cortex display striking differences in their modulation by locomotion, as well as in response variability and spontaneous activity. Our results reveal an important “division of labor” in visual processing between these two evolutionarily distinct structures.
AKSES DAN KONTROL PEREMPUAN PETANI PENGGARAP PADA LAHAN PERTANIAN PTPN IX KEBUN MERBUH
Authors: Luthfi Asma 
Published: September 2019

Peran perempuan Â pada bidang pertanian memiliki kontribusi yang cukup banyak, khususnya pada peningkatan ekonomi keluarga. Tetapi peran ini tidak diimbangi dengan kesempatan dan kewenangan mereka terhadap sumber-sumber pertanian serta fasilitas publik lainnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang akses dan kontrol perempuan petani penggarap pada lahan PTPN IX Kebun Merbuh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif melalui observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akses dan kontrol perempuan petani penggarap pada lahan PTPN IX masih lemah jika dibandingkan dengan laki-laki, meski mereka memainkan banyak peran domestik dan publik. Kondisi ini membuat perempuan masih terpinggirkan dalam produski pertanian serta masih mengalami beban ganda dalam kehidupan mereka. The contribution of women in agriculture is significant, especially in the economy of the family. However, this important contribution is not matched by the equal opportunity and access to the agricultural resources and other public facilities. In this paper, I seek to explore womenâ€™s access to and control of tenant farmers on the land PTPN IX Kebun Merbuh. The method used in this study is a qualitative method; data are collected through observation and interviews. The results show that womenâ€™s access to and control of tenant farmers on the land PTPN IX is still weak, compared with men, though they play many important domestic and public roles. As a result, these women are still marginalized in agricultural production and are still experiencing double burden in their lives.Â
EKONOMI PEKARANGAN DI PEDESAAN JAWA
Authors: Mulyanto Dede 
Published: September 2019

Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisa peran pekarangan sebagai sumber ketersediaan pangan, energi rumahtangga, dan uang tunai bagi rumahtangga petani. Bagi orang Jawa lahan tidak hanya tempat bekerja mereka tetapi sebagai sebuah status sosial, ekoncomi dan politik di masyarakat. Disinilah pekarangan, sebuah lahan kecil di rumah, mengambil peran ketika petani menghadapai kesulitan ekonomi yang dikarenakan lahan garapannya tidak menguntungkan. Rumusan masalahnya adalah bagaimana karakteristik desa Wetankali dan bagaimana bentuk pemanfaatan ekonomi pekarangan yang terjadi di sana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah etnografis disertai survei dengan kuisioner dan analisis data sekunder. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Wetankali Kecamatan Kutocilik Kabupaten Banyumas. Pekarangan bagi masyarakat Jawa merupakan benteng yang dengannya mereka dapat bertahan hidup. Pekarangan ditanami beberapa jenis tanaman ynag dapat dijual untuk menambah pendapatan rumahtangga petani. Bersaamaan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang naik, pekarangan berubah bentuk menjadi semakin sempit karena masyarakat lebih memilih menggunakan lahannya untuk hunian. Akibatnya, untuk rumahtangga miskin, sumber makanan pendukung dan energi murah mulai menghilang. The objective of this article is to analyse the role played by house yards or home garden as source of food storage, household energy, and cash for peasant household. For Javanese peasant, yard was not only aÂ place for work, but also a space to represent economy and social status. The importance of house yards is felt in difficult situation such as economic crises and corpse failure. Research questions in this anysisis are how about the characteristics of Wetankali village and how about the pattern of using home garden or home yard there. Research method used is etnography with survey using questionaire and secondary data analysis. The research was conducted in Watankali, Kutocilik Banyumas. For Javanese, yards become a place for final defence. Peasent often plant their home garden with several kind of plants that have economical value to sell so that they will earn money from it. Along with the tendency of population growth, traditional home garden is changed to become housing complex. Consequently, for poor household, the source of food suplement and cheap energy deteriorates.
ADAPTASI PETANI DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Wahyu - 
Published: September 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji antropologi transmigrasi, terutama tentang kemampuan adaptif transmigran di lokasi baru. Banyak transmigranÂ datang dari daerah dengan latar belakang budaya dan alam yang berbeda-beda, ada yang dari daerah pegunungan, daerah sulit air, maupun daerah irigasi. Penelitian ini menganalisis tiga variabel: budaya (tradisi),Â motivasi, dan kemampuan dasar petani, yang diperkirakan memiliki hubungan dekat dengan kemampuan adaptif di lokasi yang baru.Â MetodeÂ penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di dua kabupaten, yaitu Kabupaten Barito Kuala dan Kabupaten Banjar. Metode sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampling acak bertahap (multi stages cluster random sampling). Sampel pada penelitian berjumlah 320 yang dengan perincian 160 di sawah pasang surut dan 160 di sawah irigasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah teknik wawancara dengan berpedoman pada daftar pertanyaan dan observasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis faktor (komponen utama), analisis jalur dan analisis korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan adaptifÂ transmigran tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan hidup fisik tempat baru yang ditinggali, juga darimana mereka berasal tetapi juga oleh faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi dan budaya yang telah menjadi bagian hidup mereka.The objective of this research is to examine the transmigration anthropology, especially about the ability of adaptive migrants in the new location. Many migrants come from areas with cultural backgrounds and of different nature, some from the mountains, the area is water, and irrigation areas. This study analyzes three variables: culture (tradition), motivation and basic skills of farmers, which is estimated to have close ties with adaptive capabilities in the new location. The research method used is quantitative research methods. What research is conducted in two districts, namely Barito Kuala district and Banjar Regency. The sampling method used in this study is multiple stages cluster random sampling. Samples in the study amounted to 320 160 with details on tidal rice fields and 160 in rice irrigation. Data collection techniques used in this study is based on the technique of interview questionnaires and observation. Analysis of the data used is a factor analysis (principal component), path analysis and product moment correlation analysis. The results showed that the ability of adaptive migrants are not only influenced by the physical conditions of the environment they live in a new place, as well as where they came from but also by socio-economic factors and the culture that has become part of their lives.
PENGEMBANGAN BUDAYA SEKOLAH BERPRESTASI: STUDI TENTANG PENANAMAN NILAI DAN ETOS BERPRESTASI DI SMA KARANGTURI
Authors: Yuliono Agus 
Published: September 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk budaya sekolah berprestasi, proses penanaman nilai dan etos berprestasi kepada peserta didik dan mengetahui implikasi dari pengembangan budaya sekolah berprestasi di SMA Karangturi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk budaya sekolah berprestasi di SMA Karangturi mencakup empat poin yaitu: keseimbangan antara pembinaan akademik dan nonakademik, penanaman karakter melalui pelajaran, budaya mencintai almamater dan pentingnya nilai kerokhanian. Penanaman nilai dan etos berprestasi pada peserta didik dilakukan melalui kegiatan orientasi sekolah, proses pembelajaran, evaluasi belajar, ekstrakurikuler, penghargaan prestasi, kecintaan terhadap almamater, keteladanan guru, kerjasama dengan orangtua peserta didik dan seragam patriot sebagai media penanaman budaya berprestasi. Implikasi penanaman pengembangan budaya sekolah berprestasi di SMA Karangturi terdapat dalam input (penerimaan siswa baru dan pencarian siswa berpotensi), proses (pengembangan program sekolah serta pengembangan kerjasama) dan output (prestasi akademik dan nonakademik serta jumlah alumni yang melanjutkan ke perguruan tinggi). The objective of this study is to describe a model of school achievement culture, the cultivation of values â€‹â€‹and ethos of achievement to students and know the implications of the development of school culture on studentsâ€™ achievement in Karangturi high school. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Techniques of collecting data were observation, interviews and documentation. This study uses sources and methods triangulation for data validation. The results show that theÂ school achievement culture in Karangturi high school contains four pillars, namely: a balance between academic and non-academic achievement, building character through the lesson, love the school and the importance of religious values. The building of values â€‹â€‹and ethos of achievement on student is done through school orientation activities, learning process, evaluation, extracurricular achievement awards, love the school, teachers exemplary, cooperation with parents and students, patriot uniform as media to build achievement culture. The implications of the building of achievement culture manifest in the input (new admissions and the search for potential students), processes (development of school programs and development of cooperation) and output (academic and non-academic achievement and the number of alumni who go on to college).