bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATR/Chk1 Pathway is Activated by Oxidative Stress in Response to UVA Light in Human Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant Cells
Authors: Moreno Natália Cestari , Garcia Camila Carrião Machado , Rocha Clarissa Ribeiro Reily , Munford Veridiana , Menck Carlos Frederico Martins 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe crucial role of DNA polymerase eta in protecting against sunlight‐induced tumors is evidenced in Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant (XP‐V) patients, who carry mutations in this protein and present increased frequency of skin cancer. XP‐V cellular phenotypes may be aggravated if proteins of DNA damage response (DDR) pathway are blocked, as widely demonstrated by experiments with UVC light and caffeine. However, little is known about the participation of DDR in XP‐V cells exposed to UVA light, the wavelengths patients are mostly exposed. Here, we demonstrate the participation of ATR kinase in protecting XP‐V cells after receiving low UVA doses using a specific inhibitor, with a remarkable increase in sensitivity and γH2AX signaling. Corroborating ATR participation in UVA‐DDR, a significant increase in Chk1 protein phosphorylation, as well as S‐phase cell cycle arrest, is also observed. Moreover, the participation of oxidative stress is supported by the antioxidant action of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), which significantly protects XP‐V cells from UVA light, even in the presence of the ATR inhibitor. These findings indicate that the ATR/Chk1 pathway is activated to control UVA‐induced oxidatively generated DNA damage and emphasizes the role of ATR kinase as a mediator of genomic stability in pol eta defective cells.
Serum ischaemia‐modified albumin might be a potential biomarker for oxidative stress in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Du Lei , Ma Jianhua , He Dan , Zhang Xiaoning 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is considered to be a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease. The clinical role of ischaemia‐modified albumin (IMA) and the association between IMA and oxidative stress in aMCI have not been investigated. The aim of the study was to explore this relationship and to generate new ideas for controlling Alzheimer's disease.MethodsThis community‐based case–control study included 113 patients with aMCI and 832 cognitively normal controls. Serum levels of albumin and IMA, diacron‐reactive oxygen metabolite, and biological anti‐oxidant potential, were measured. The IMA/albumin ratio and the biological anti‐oxidant potential/diacron‐reactive oxygen metabolite ratio were calculated.ResultsIn univariate analysis, the serum IMA level and the IMA/albumin ratio were higher in the aMCI patients than in the controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, a serum IMA level ≥476.4 ng/mL and an IMA/albumin ratio ≥9.4 were separately associated with the development of aMCI (odds ratio = 3.56, 95% confidence interval: 2.33–5.46; odds ratio = 3.43, 95% confidence interval: 2.25–5.27, respectively). There was a linear correlation between serum IMA level and several oxidative stress markers (biological anti‐oxidant potential/diacron‐reactive oxygen metabolite ratio: r = −0.585, P < 0.001; diacron‐reactive oxygen metabolite: r = 0.549, P < 0.001; biological anti‐oxidant potential: r = −0.293, P < 0.001).ConclusionSerum IMA might be a potential biomarker for oxidative stress in aMCI.
Don’t look, don’t think, just do it! Toward an understanding of alpha gating in a discrete aiming task
Authors: Gallicchio Germano , Ring Christopher 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrior to and during movement, oscillatory alpha activity gates cognitive resources toward motor areas of the cortex by inhibiting neuronal excitability in nonmotor areas. The present study examined the effect of manipulating target variability on this alpha gating phenomenon. Using a baseline‐test‐retention design, we measured EEG alpha power, performance accuracy, and task difficulty in 32 recreational golfers as they putted golf balls (20 per target) to one central target (baseline, retention) and four targets of different directions and extents (manipulation). For participants in the random group (n = 16), target location varied with each repetition in a random fashion, whereas for participants in the blocked group (n = 16), it was kept constant within blocks. Regional analyses revealed a focal pattern of lower central alpha and higher occipital and temporal alpha. This topography was specific to preparation for movement and was associated with performance: smallest performance errors were preceded by decreased central combined with increased occipital alpha. The random group performed worse than the blocked group and found the task more difficult. Importantly, left temporal alpha prior to movement onset was lower for the random group than the blocked group. No group differences were found at baseline or retention. Our study proved that alpha gating can be altered by manipulating intertrial variability and thereby demonstrated the utility of the alpha gating model. Our findings underscore the importance of inhibiting occipital and left temporal areas when performing movements and provide further evidence that alpha gating reflects neural efficiency during motor tasks.
On the Arithmetical Truth of Self‐Referential Sentences
Authors: Lajevardi Kaave , Salehi Saeed 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe take an argument of Gödel's from his ground‐breaking 1931 paper, generalize it, and examine its validity. The argument in question is this: the sentence G says about itself that it is not provable, and G is indeed not provable; therefore, G is true.
Cold stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by GNOM ARF‐GEF
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad A. , Rahman Abidur 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Endosomal trafficking plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development both at optimal and stressed conditions. Cold stress response in Arabidopsis root is directly linked to inhibition of the endosomal trafficking of auxin efflux carriers. However, the cellular components that link cold stress and the endosomal trafficking remain elusive. By screening available endosomal trafficking mutants against root growth recovery response under cold stress, we identified GNOM, a SEC7 containing ARF‐GEF, as a major modulator of cold response. Contrasting response of partial loss of function mutant gnomB4049/emb30‐1 and the engineered Brefeldin A (BFA)‐resistant GNOM line, both of which contain mutations within SEC7 domain, to cold stress at the whole‐plant level highlights the importance of this domain in modulating the cold response pathway of plants. Cold stress selectively and transiently inhibits GNOM expression. The engineered point mutation at 696 amino acid position (Methionine to Leucine) that makes GNOM resistant to BFA in fact results in overexpression of GNOM both at transcriptional and translational levels, and also alters its subcellular localization. Overexpression and altered cellular localization of GNOM were found to be directly linked to conferring striking cold‐resistant phenotype in Arabidopsis. Collectively, these results provide a mechanistic link between GNOM, BFA‐sensitive GNOM‐regulated trafficking and cold stress.
Transfusion support for matched sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (1993–2010): factors that predict intensity and time to transfusion independence
Authors: Griffith Linda M. , VanRaden Mark , Barrett A. John , Childs Richard W. , Fowler Daniel H. , Kang Elizabeth M. , Tisdale John F. , Klein Harvey G. , Stroncek David F. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDPatients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant require variable, often extensive transfusion support. Identification of factors that predict urgent, intensive, or special needs should improve management of these patients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis is a retrospective study of red blood cell (RBC) and platelet transfusion support provided for sequential matched sibling donor allogeneic transplants conducted at the Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, from 1993 through 2010. Factors potentially important for predicting quantity of RBC and platelet transfusions, and time to transfusion independence through Day 200 following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were evaluated.RESULTSSubjects (n = 800) received 10,591 RBC and 10,199 platelet transfusions. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the need for RBC pretransplant, CD34+ dose, transplant year, diagnostic category, and ABO match were significantly independently associated with quantity of RBC transfusions during Days 0 through 30. Only pretransplant need for RBCs, CD34+ dose, and transplant year had significance during Days 0 through 100. Similar analyses for quantity of platelet transfusions demonstrated that for both Days 0 through 30 and 0 through 100 significant factors were need for platelet support before transplant, CD34+ dose, transplant year, and transplant regimen. Of note, long term, during Days 101 through 200, only CD34+ dose remained significant for quantity of RBC and platelet transfusions. Analysis of time to transfusion independence demonstrated that patients with ABO major mismatches required longer to achieve freedom from RBC transfusion support compared to identical matches or those with minor mismatches.CONCLUSIONPatient‐specific factors including CD34+ dose and ABO match of the graft should be given particular consideration by transfusion services when planning support of patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
Mental Health in the Attention Models for Juvenile Offenders. The Cases of Colombia, Argentina, United States and Canada
Authors: Torres Quintero Angélica Paola , Villanueva Congote Juliana , Jaramillo Bernal Maria Camila , Sotomayor Carreño Esteban , Gutiérrez Congote Catherine 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective: To investigate how mental health is understood and approached in the attention models of detention centers for the convicted underage population in Argentina, Colombia, United States and Canada. Methodology: A literature search was conducted using the following key words: adolescence, mental health, juvenile justice, juvenile delinquency, risk factors, and interventions. Searches were done through the search engine Pubmed. Additionally, public institution websites for each country were consulted. Conclusions: Juvenile delinquency is now understood as a multi-factorial phenomenon with multiple areas of intervention within which economic, domestic and social factors are considered relevant, since these favor the development of criminal behavior. A similarity was found between Colombian and Argentinian systems; both are based on restorative justice that seeks reparation and not punishment; which is why there are no punitive measures. When comparing Canada and the United States, it can be seen that Canada is more similar to Latin-American countries than to the United States, given that the latter uses punitive measures focused on the offender.
Analytical Evaluation of Residual Stresses in the Transition Zone of Expanded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints
Authors: Bouzid Abdel-Hakim , Pourreza Mohammad 
Published: October 2018

The rigorous analysis of tube-to-tubesheet joints requires a particular attention to the transition zone of the expanded tube because of its impact on joint integrity. This transition zone is the weakest part of the joint due to the presence of high tensile residual stresses produced during the expansion process which coupled to other in-service loadings and harsh corrosive fluids results in joint failure. In fact, this zone is often subjected to stress corrosion cracking caused by intergranular attack leading to plant shutdown. Therefore, the evaluation of the residual stresses in the transition zone is of major concern during the design phase and its accurate assessment is necessary in order to achieve a reliable joint in service.
In this study, a new analytical model to evaluate the residual axial and hoop stresses in the transition zone of hydraulically expanded tubes based on an elastic perfectly plastic material behavior has been developed. The model is capable of predicting the stress state under the maximum expansion pressure and after the expansion process has been completed. Three main regions are identified in the transition zone: the fully plastic region, the partially plastic region and the elastic region. Therefore, various theories have been applied to analyze the stresses and deformations neglecting the partial plastic region because of simplicity. The validation of analytical model is conducted by comparison of the results with the ones of 3D finite element models representing typical geometry and mechanical properties. The effect of reverse yielding of the expansion zone is also investigated.
When the Joukowsky Equation Does Not Predict Maximum Water Hammer Pressures
Authors: Walters Trey W. , Leishear Robert A. 
Published: October 2018

The Joukowsky equation has been used as a first approximation for more than a century to estimate water hammer pressure surges. However, this practice may provide incorrect, non-conservative, pressure calculations under several conditions. These conditions are typically described throughout fluid transient text books, but a consolidation of these issues in a brief paper seems warranted to prevent calculation errors in practice and to also provide a brief understanding of the limits and complexities of water hammer equations.
To this end, various issues are discussed here that result in the calculation of pressures greater than those predicted by the Joukowsky equation. These conditions include reflected waves at tees, changes in piping diameter, and changes in pipe wall material, as well as frictional effects referred to as line pack, and the effects due to the collapse of vapor pockets. In short, the fundamental goal here is to alert practicing engineers of the cautions that should be applied when using the Joukowsky equation as a first approximation of fluid transient pressures.
Mechanical Behaviour of a Forged Ferritic Steel Shell Containing Numerous Hydrogen Flakes
Authors: Jacquemoud C. , Delvallée-Nunio I. 
Published: October 2018

Following the flaw indications found in summer 2012 in two Belgian Reactors Pressure Vessels (RPV), WENRA recommended [1] the nuclear safety authorities in Europe to verify the material quality and integrity of the RPV in a 2-step approach: 1) a comprehensive review of the manufacturing and inspection records of the forgings of the RPV, 2) an additional UT examination of the base material of the vessels if needed.
In this context, and to consolidate scientific basis on this issue, IRSN, the French technical safety organization, conducted, with CEA support, a test program aiming at studying the consequences of hydrogen flakes in large forgings of primary equipment (RPV, steam generator, pressurizer).
Framatome provided the material to be investigated, namely two blocks of a steam generator vessel shell in 18MND5 steel: a block without flake — the reference block — and a block including a high density of hydrogen flakes. This shell — so called VB395 — was rejected because of an incident which occurred during the degassing heat treatment.
Fracture toughness has been evaluated from 85 tests in the ductile range and the ductile-to-brittle transition range of the material. The test results on usual 0.5T-CT specimens were compared to those on specimens containing a hydrogen flake replacing the fatigue precrack. The latter were interpreted using 3D elastic-plastic X-FEM simulations allowing the modelling of the irregular flake geometry.
Furthermore, large scale bending specimens with multiple flakes have been tested at −100°C. These tests were interpreted thanks to 3D X-FEM simulations allowing the analysis of the hydrogen flake interaction in terms of KJ.
Finite-Element Analysis of Crack Growth in Austenitic Stainless Steel Under Equibiaxial Loading
Authors: Dhahri H. , Gourdin C. , Maitournam H. 
Published: October 2018

The lifetime extension of the nuclear power plants is considered as an energy challenge worldwide. That is why, the risk analysis and the study of various effects of different factors that could potentially represent a hazard to a safe long term operation are necessary. These structures, often of great dimensions, are subjected during their life to complex loading combining varying mechanical loads, multiaxial, with non-zero mean values associated with temperature fluctuations and also PWR environment.
Based on more recent fatigue data (including tests at 300°C in air and PWR environment, etc...), some international codes (RCC-M [2], ASME and others [3][4][5]) have introduced a modification of the austenitic stainless steels fatigue curve combined with a calculation of an environmental penalty factor, namely Fen, which has to be multiplied by the usual fatigue usage factor [6].
Unfortunately, experimental data on this issue are rare. In order to obtain fatigue strength data under structural loading, biaxial test means with and without PWR environment were developed at LISN in collaboration with EDF and AREVA [6]. Two kinds of fatigue device have been developed. Within the same specimen geometry, structural loads can be applied in varying only the PWR environment.
The first device (FABIME2) is devoted to study the effect of biaxiality and mean strain/stress on the fatigue life [9]. A second and new device called FABIME2e is for the study of the environmental effect. With these new experimental results, the PWR environment effect on the fatigue life of stainless austenitic steels will be quantified accurately on semi-structure specimen. This device combines the structural effect like equi-biaxiality and mean strain and the environmental penalty effect with the use of PWR environment during the fatigue tests.
The aim of this paper is to present the numerical interpretation of the results obtained with these two devices “FABIME2” and “FABIME2e”. Two important aspects will be addressed. The first concerns the mechanical behavior of austenitic stainless steel and the capabilities of the numerical model to reproduce the hardening of the material. And the second concerns the study of the crack growth during the equibiaxial fatigue test.
Simple Mechanical Testing Method to Evaluate Influence of High Pressure Hydrogen Gas
Authors: Ogata Toshio 
Published: October 2018

A simple testing method to evaluate the influence of high pressure hydrogen gas up to 100 MPa on mechanical properties at the temperature between 20 K and up to 800 K had been developed. In this method, instead of using high-pressure gas vessels, high pressure gas was filled into a small hole in the hollow-type test piece from a hydrogen gas cylinder or a compressor for 10 MPa or 100 MPa test. A small inner diameter of the hole enables to evaluate also the reduction of area in the slow strain-rate tensile (SSRT) tests. The temperature of the test piece with the high pressure gas can be changed simply by surrounding coolant or heater between 20 K and 800 K. Lots of test results by this method proved that almost the same results were obtained between this method and the conventional method with high-pressure gas vessels where test piece is installed. The great advantages of this method are not only the less cost for the facilities of high-pressure vessels but also the ability of tests at lower or higher temperatures than those with the vessels. So, this method is proposed to be used world-widely to evaluate the mechanical properties of structural materials for extremely severe environments, such as high-pressure hydrogen applications and also to study the mechanism of the influence of high-pressure hydrogen for design and reliability of those facilities.
In this paper, the details of testing procedure of this method and results of tensile and fatigue tests in up to 70 MPa hydrogen gas on several kinds of stainless steels obtained by this method are presented.
Effect of Weld Strength Mismatch and Weld Width on the Fracture Toughness Determined From SENB Specimens
Authors: Moore Philippa L. , Garban Natalia , Bastid Philippe , Hughes Kevin 
Published: October 2018

In fracture toughness test standard BS EN ISO 15653 for weld and HAZ specimens, there is limited guidance about how the weld width, and the weld metal to parent yield strength mismatch ratio can affect the fracture toughness of materials, nor how to interpret the results should these parameters fall outside the permitted limits given in the Standard. This research was carried out to evaluate how the values of J determined from fracture toughness test results are affected by the weld width and weld strength mismatch, by using FEA models of single edge notched bend (SENB) specimens.
Fracture toughness results from specimens notched into the weld centreline, of different mismatch ratios and weld widths, are compared with homogeneous materials specimens. The results show that for any mismatch ratio, fracture toughness for welds wider than 20mm are similar to homogeneous material. However, the fracture toughness decreases as the weld become narrower than 20mm. When this variation is taken as a percentage between a homogeneous material and a welded specimen, J varies for each weld width following the same trend for a specific mismatch ratio, independently of the material strength. To enable prediction of the fracture toughness behaviour of welded specimens, equations have been developed for comparison to homogeneous weld metal or homogeneous parent metal, as a function of the weld mismatch ratio and the weld width.
The real question is whether the Standard methods can nonetheless determine weld metal fracture toughness accurately in overmatched welds of different widths. From comparisons of J values extracted directly from the contour integral, and J values calculated using the standard equation (but based on load-CMOD data), it was found that standard methods vary by less than 5% in the majority of the cases. The exception was for the combination of mismatch ratio above 1.46 and welds narrower than 20mm. Therefore, it could be said that the Standard BS EN ISO 15653 is conservative with the overestimation percentage of 10%, since all model cases within the Standard limits of mismatch of 1.5, the largest over-estimation was only 6%, and typically less than 4%.
Load Line Displacement Partitioning in Creep Crack Growth Analyses of 316H Stainless Steel
Authors: Jones Michael D. , Nikbin Kamran M. , Davies Catrin M. 
Published: October 2018

Accelerated creep crack growth tests in the laboratory can lead to greater levels of plasticity at the tip of a creep crack than would be experienced in service. This is problematic when trying to determine C* which is used to model the stress field ahead of a crack. Deflection partitioning methods must be used in order to determine the contribution to the load line displacement rate as a result of creep which in turn is used to calculate C*. This partitioning can lead to negative values of the creep load line displacement rate due to the high contribution from plasticity. The amount of assumed plasticity is likely to be erroneously high as it is currently assumed that the material behaviour fits a Ramberg-Osgood model, when in reality such a fit does not predict the behaviour well over a large range of stress.
This work compares the load line displacement determined from solutions based on a Ramberg-Osgood model with those calculated from finite element simulations using uniaxial tensile data to model the plasticity. The simulations formulated crack growth by means of a crack length vs time criterion using experimental crack growth data. It is found that the theoretical solutions do over predict the amount of plastic deformation compared to the numerical results. It is also found that for the short term test considered, the load-line displacement due to creep deformation was small compared to that from crack growth.