bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Sensitivity to Auditory Cognition in Listening Effort Assessments: A Simultaneous EEG and Pupillometry Study
Authors: Kılıç Samet , Sendesen Eser , Aslan Filiz , Erbil Nurhan , Aydın Özgür , Türkyılmaz Didem 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is still not fully explained what kind of cognitive sources the methods used in the assessment of listening effort are more sensitive to and how these measurement results are related to each other. The aim of the study is to ascertain which neural resources crucial for listening effort are most sensitive to objective measurement methods using differently degraded speech stimuli.MethodsA total of 49 individuals between the ages of 19 and 34 with normal hearing participated in the study. In the first stage, simultaneous pupillometry, electroencephalogram (EEG), and single‐task paradigm reaction time (RT) measurements were made during the challenging listening and repetition task with noise‐vocoded speech. Two speech reception thresholds (SRT) (50% and 80%) for two vocoding conditions (16 and 6 channels) were collected, resulting in 4 conditions. In the second stage, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and the test of attention in listening (TAIL) were applied. Stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictors of listening effort measurements.ResultsA significant difference was found between 6 and 16 channel stimuli in both pupil dilation change and EEG alpha band power change. In the hardest listening condition, whereas RAVLT scores are significant predictors of pupil dilation change, TAIL scores are significant predictors of EEG alpha power. As the stimulus difficulty decreased, the factors that predicted both EEG and pupillometry results decreased. In the single‐task paradigm, a significant regression model could not be obtained at all four difficulty levels.ConclusionAs a result of the study, it was found that the pupil dilation change was more sensitive to auditory memory skills and the EEG alpha power change was more sensitive to auditory attention skills. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the sensitivity of different listening effort measurement methods to auditory cognitive skills.
A phenomap of TTR amyloidosis to aid diagnostic screening
Authors: Antonopoulos Alexios S. , Tsampras Theodoros , Lazaros George , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Vlachopoulos Charalambos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCardiac amyloidosis due to transthyretin (ATTR) remains an underdiagnosed cause of cardiomyopathy. As awareness of the disease grows and referrals for ATTR increase, clinicians are likely to encounter more atypical forms of the condition in clinical practice. Therefore, physicians and treating cardiologists should be aware of the full phenotypic spectrum of ATTR. The phenotypic manifestation of ATTR varies depending on the stage of the disease, the presence and type of TTR mutation and the patient's comorbidities. ATTR findings can be grouped into four major categories: clinical profile and cardiac phenotype, extra‐cardiac findings, electrocardiogram and imaging findings, which cumulatively form the full phenomap of ATTR. Results from any diagnostic test for ATTR should be interpreted in light of the pre‐test probability for the disease. Findings that suggest negative markers for ATTR can point towards other forms of amyloidosis (such as AL amyloidosis) or alternate causes of left ventricular hypertrophy, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or Fabry disease. The rising number of referrals for ATTR cardiomyopathy presents a challenge in daily clinical practice. To prevent an increase in false‐positive diagnostic test results, an ATTR phenomap can serve as a valuable tool for guiding diagnostic assessments, interpreting test outcomes and prioritizing appropriate referrals for ATTR screening.
Synthesis and Properties of N,O‐Doped Aceanthrylenes
Authors: Radolko Jan , Nam Do Ha , Ehlers Peter , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractN,O‐doped aceanthrylenes have been synthesized for the first time via a selective SNAr reaction or Ullmann‐coupling of phenols, followed by an intramolecular direct arylation. The reaction has been carefully optimized and permits the selective synthesis of N,O‐doped aceanthrylenes in moderate to excellent yields and tolerate various functional groups. The aromatic behavior of the hitherto unknown heterocyclic scaffold has been further analyzed by NICS and NICS2BC calculations.
Mathematical Modelling of In Vitro Cinnamaldehyde Controlled Release via Computational Fluid Dynamic
Authors: Samanian Narges , Razavi Seyed Mohammad Ali , Mohebbi Mohebbat , Esfahani Javad Abolfazli , Varidi Mehdi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCinnamon is widely recognised for its distinct flavour and potential health benefits, making it an important subject of study in food and nutraceutical fields. To understand the mechanism of cinnamon flavour release as a fundamental step in its flavour perception from high‐amylose corn starch microcapsules, the release of cinnamaldehyde under in vitro mouth conditions was studied using a 3D numerical model. Additionally, predicting cinnamaldehyde release in all three phases simultaneously was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6. To validate the developed model, cinnamaldehyde release profiles were prepared under simulated mouth conditions using headspace analysis by the SPME‐GC–MS procedure. High R2 (0.997) and low RMSE (1.78E‐06) values, along with good convergence results, confirmed this simulation as a precise numerical model. The effects of cinnamaldehyde initial load, cinnamaldehyde diffusivity and shear rate were also probed, revealing the model to be more sensitive to the microcapsules' properties. This study provides a valuable framework for designing controlled release systems for flavouring agents, with significant implications for food and nutraceutical industries.
Toward Supplementation Guidelines for Vegan Complementary Feeding
Authors: Koeder Christian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPreviously published recommendations for vegetarian (including vegan) diets for children have highlighted the need for vitamin B12 supplementation. Increased attention to several other key nutrients (including iodine, vitamin D, calcium, and iron) has also been recommended. However, an overview focusing on supplementation guidelines, specifically for vegan infants, has not been published, and a potential requirement for iodine and/or selenium supplementation in (some) vegan infants has not been discussed. Vegan complementary feeding should be supplemented (particularly with 5 μg/day of vitamin B12 and 10 μg/day of vitamin D). Iodine should be supplemented (up to 110 μg/day) if the intake of breast milk and infant formula is low, and selenium supplementation (5 μg/day) should be considered in regions with low soil selenium levels. Caution is required to avoid excessive intakes of iodine and particularly selenium. Supplements for vegan infants are on the market, and observational studies are urgently needed to assess the nutrient intake (including supplements) and status in vegan infants.
Risk factors for re‐hospitalization following cesarean delivery at term
Authors: Bitan Roy , Lior Yotam , Ram Hila Shalev , Berkovitz‐Shperling Roza , Lavie Anat , Yogev Yariv , Ram Shai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the key risk factors contributing to re‐hospitalization after term cesarean delivery (CD).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included women who underwent CD at term at a university‐affiliated tertiary medical center (January 2021 to March 2023). The primary outcome was risk factors for re‐hospitalization within 30 days post‐discharge. Data on selected maternal demographic, pregnancy‐related and delivery variables were extracted from electronic medical records. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for re‐hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various independent risk factors.ResultsA total of 2878 women were included in the study, of whom 76 required re‐hospitalization (2.6%). The rates of high‐risk pregnancies were more prevalent among those who were re‐hospitalized (41 [62.1%] vs. 1148 [49.1%], P = 0.043). Furthermore, the rates of emergency CDs (42 [56%] vs. 1040 [37.8%], P = 0.001), prolonged surgery duration (17 [22.4%] vs. 292 [10.4%], P = 0.001) and hospitalization duration (14 (18.4%) vs. 273 (9.7%), P = 0.015) were significantly higher in the re‐hospitalized group. Emergency CD (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.06–3.42, P = 0.030) and prolonged surgery duration (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.25–4.77, P = 0.016) remained significant risk factors of re‐hospitalization in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe need for emergency CD and prolonged surgery duration were found as independent risk factors for re‐hospitalization after CD at term.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: Protective Effects of Plant‐Derived Natural Active Compounds
Authors: Chen Jia , Wang Boyu , Meng Tianwei , Li Chengjia , Liu Changxing , Liu Qingnan , Wang Jiameng , Liu Zhiping , Zhou Yabin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death among patients with cardiovascular diseases. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been the preferred clinical treatment for AMI due to its safety and efficiency. However, research indicates that the rapid restoration of myocardial oxygen supply following PCI can lead to secondary myocardial injury, termed myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI), posing a grave threat to patient survival. Despite ongoing efforts, the mechanisms underlying MIRI are not yet fully elucidated. Among them, oxidative stress and inflammation stand out as critical pathophysiological mechanisms, playing significant roles in MIRI. Natural compounds have shown strong clinical therapeutic potential due to their high efficacy, availability, and low side effects. Many current studies indicate that natural compounds can mitigate MIRI by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation during MIRI and the role of natural compounds in intervening in these processes, aiming to provide a basis and reference for future research and development of drugs for treating MIRI.
Neobavaisoflavone Protects H9c2 Cells Against H2O2‐Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction Through ALOX15/PGC1‐α Axis
Authors: Dong Linyue , Zhou Yue , Wang Liyun , Mao Xuhua , Wang Junfang , Du Zenan , Che Xuyang , Li Yiming 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNeobavaisoflavone (NBIF) is a natural antioxidant that has a variety of pharmacological activities. To investigate the effects of NBIF on oxidative stress‐induced myocardial injury, H9c2 cells were treated with H2O2. Cell counting kit‐8 was used to detect cell viability. Intracellular as well as lipid radicals were detected. To measure mitochondrial function, tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. 12‐ and 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) were measured by LC‐MS/MS. ALOX15, which is the upstream protein of 12‐, 15‐HETE, was also measured by using western blot analysis. The results showed that H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation in cardiomyocytes and caused mitochondrial dysfunction which was relieved by NBIF treatment. Besides, H2O2 significantly increased the production of 12‐HETE and 15‐HETE and upregulated the expression of ALOX15 while PGC‐1α was downregulated and triggered the release of cytochrome c. The treatment of NBIF decreased the expression of ALOX15 and inhibited the activation of caspase‐3. NBIF protected mitochondrial membrane integrity through increasing PGC‐1α and Nrf1. Our results indicated that NBIF could protect cardiomyocytes against H2O2‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction via ALOX15/PGC‐1α axis.
Ludenbach Syndrome: The Feasibility of Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis
Authors: Li Tian‐gang , Cao Hai‐bo , Ma Bin , Li Bo‐xi , Yao Li‐guo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLutembacher syndrome has been reported primarily in children and adults, but no prenatal cases have been reported. Our results indicated that lutembacher syndrome could be diagnosed by using prenatal ultrasound diagnosis. Accurate prenatal diagnosis of lutembacher syndrome is beneficial to neonatal prognosis and treatment options; it is very necessary to make a clear diagnosis in utero.
Molecular theranostics: principles, challenges and controversies
Authors: Currie Geoffrey 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTheranostics is a new term for long‐established principles in nuclear medicine. The generalisability of the term means there is a very broad use of the term across the medical literature, not all of which is consistent with the intent in nuclear medicine. The term molecular theranostics better reflects the philosophy and application in nuclear medicine. Even with a clearer definition, there are a number of challenges or controversies whose debate provides a richer understanding of the principles and applications of molecular theranostics. Radioiodine imaging and therapy of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer provide the historical context for theranostics. The prototype molecular theranostic is the 68Ga/177Lu DOTATATE pair that targets somatostatin receptor subtype 2 in neuroendocrine tumors. The potential value of precision medicine of radiation dosimetry in molecular theranostics needs a balanced discussion with limitations of reactive dosimetry and the opportunities for predictive or pre‐treatment dosimetry. Despite challenges and limitations, molecular theranostics is a powerful tool in the precision medicine landscape. Molecular theranostics is a vehicle for improved outcomes in cancer patients with a future‐facing portfolio of opportunities.
Moderate and extreme warming under a varied resource supply alter the microzooplankton–phytoplankton coupling in North Sea coastal communities
Authors: Cabrerizo Marco J. , Happe Anika , Ahme Antonia , John Uwe , Olsson Markus , Striebel Maren 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRising temperature is one of the most visible effects of global change on Earth; however, it is barely known how moderate or extreme warming events impact the trophic interactions and the energy transfer in food webs. Combining a mesocosm approach and two‐point dilution incubations, we quantified how natural plankton assemblages respond to moderate and extreme warming (+6°C vs. +12°C above ambient temperature), covering a nitrogen‐to‐phosphorus gradient from nutrient‐saturated to limited conditions. We addressed how both drivers altered the community structure and mediated the phytoplankton growth (μ) and microzooplankton grazing (m) rates. Moderate and extreme warming effects on the microzooplankton–phytoplankton relationship differed and were mediated by time. This trophic interaction was weakened due to μ outpacing m regardless of the warming treatment at the middle of the experiment. By contrast, after the acclimation period, the trophic interaction was strengthened by increased grazing under extreme warming. The variable grazing pressure found at different temporal scales only under extreme warming could be due to a decreased microzooplankton grazing pressure with increasing temperature when prey biomass is low, and vice versa. Also, it could be a consequence of a switch toward mixotrophy or that the temperatures experienced by grazers were suboptimal compared to their prey. Finally, we found that temperature was the main driver whereas resource availability played a minor role in this trophic interaction. As climate change will intensify in the future, food webs could be less productive but more efficient, and thus, potentially support a higher secondary production.
Dual phosphorus and nitrogen nutrient reduction will be more effective than a phosphorus‐only reduction in mitigating diatom and cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Erie, USA–Canada
Authors: Paerl Hans W. , Chaffin Justin D. , Cheshire Jack H. , Plaas Haley E. , Barnard Malcolm A. , Goerlitz Lillian B. , Braddy Jeremy S. , Sabo Alexandrea , Nelson Leah M. , Yue Lindsay 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLake Erie, USA–Canada, plays an important ecological and socioeconomic role but has suffered from chronic eutrophication. In particular, western Lake Erie (WLE) is the site of harmful algal blooms (HABs) which are suspected of being driven by excessive nutrient (phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N)) inputs. During 2022 and 2023, in situ nutrient dilution and addition bioassays were conducted at a WLE bloom‐impacted location to investigate whether a nutrient reduction regime would be effective in limiting phytoplankton growth during the June diatom‐dominated spring blooms and August cyanobacteria‐dominated summer blooms. The primary objectives of this experiment were to (1) Determine if a proposed 40% P‐alone reduction would effectively reduce phytoplankton growth and mitigate blooms and (2) assess whether reductions in both P and N are more effective in controlling phytoplankton biomass than exclusive reductions in either N or P. Samples were analyzed for nutrient concentrations and growth rate responses for specific algal groups, utilizing diagnostic (for major algal groups) photopigments. Results indicated that although both 20% and 40% dilutions led to lower phytoplankton biomass and growth rates, 40% reductions were more effective. Our results support the USA–Canada Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement recommendation of a 40% P reduction, but also indicate that a parallel reduction of N input by 40% would be most effective in controlling bloom magnitudes. Overall, our findings underscore the recommendation that a year‐round dual N and P 40% reduction is needed for long‐term control of eutrophication and algal blooms, including cyanobacteria and diatoms, in Lake Erie.
Determining the degree of proximal nerve fascicle rotation in healthy controls using ultrahigh‐frequency neuromuscular ultrasound: A pilot study
Authors: Meiling James B. , Penry Vanessa Baute , Miller Nicholas J. , Cartwright Michael S. , Sangio Christian A. , Gandhi Mehta Rachana K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsUltrahigh‐frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) allows improved visualization and higher resolution images of nerve fascicles than standard high‐frequency ultrasound. Dynamic UHFUS may detect the presence of fascicular entwinement, the recently described sonographic phenomenon of pathologic fascicular rotation seen in neuralgic amyotrophy. This pilot study aims to establish normative reference values and degrees of fascicular rotation for the proximal portions of commonly involved upper limb nerves in healthy controls using UHFUS.MethodsTwenty healthy participants underwent sonographic examination of the median, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves on both upper limbs using UHFUS with a 48 MHz linear transducer. A single rater assessed the degree of fascicular rotation in each peripheral nerve.ResultsFascicular rotation appears to occur in the proximal portion of each of these nerves. The mean degree of fascicular rotation for each of the measured nerves was median 94.5°, musculocutaneous 97.9°, and radial 50.9°. The maximum observed fascicular rotation in each nerve was 180°. Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, and race did not predict degree of fascicular rotation (all p > .103). A single‐factor ANOVA test showed the degree of fascicular rotation differed in median, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves (F = 4.748, p = .011).DiscussionUHFUS allows quantification of fascicular rotation in healthy controls in the median, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves, and provides normative data. The data from this pilot study may serve as control data for future comparative studies in conditions where fascicular rotation occurs, such as neuralgic amyotrophy.
Cover Image
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Liu Ao , Xu Fujun , Chen Li , Wu Liwei , Jiang Qian 
Published: November 2024

The cover image is based on the article Molecular dynamics simulation of polymer wrapping for interfacial characteristics of aligned carbon nanotube/polyimide nanocomposites by Jiachen Zhang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.28790.
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Notes from the field: Practical considerations for agent‐based and continuous representations of system dynamics
Authors: Metcalf Sara S. , Wallis Lyle E. , Paich Mark 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we consider how to leverage the complementary characteristics of agent‐based and stock‐flow representations to maximize the utility of systems modelling at acceptable cost and complexity. The increasing capability of tools available for dynamic modelling renders a wide range of structures that could be implemented in models of complex systems. However, attendant with this analytic capacity is the challenge of choosing between alternative model structures. To assist dynamic modellers in designing projects and selecting techniques appropriate for the problem at hand, this paper poses a set of practical considerations for implementing agent‐based and continuous representations that encode differential equations using stock‐flow structures. Drawing from our collective experiences implementing system dynamics models with different structural forms, we offer recommendations for maintaining a systemic perspective while being open to a multi‐method modelling process.
The Potential of Sound Analysis to Reveal Hemodynamic Conditions of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Hemodialysis
Authors: Poloni Sofia , Soliveri Luca , Caroli Anna , Remuzzi Andrea , Bozzetto Michela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF), the preferred vascular access for hemodialysis, is associated with high failure rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of AVF sound auscultation in providing quantitative information on AVF hemodynamic conditions.

Methods
This single-center prospective study involved six patients with native radio-cephalic AVFs who underwent multiple follow-up visits. Doppler Ultrasound blood flow volume (BFV) assessment and electronic stethoscope-based sound recordings were performed during each visit, whereas MRIs were acquired 3 days, 3 weeks and 1 year after surgery. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed on patient-specific MRI-derived geometrical models.

Results
Higher values of median peak amplitudes ratios (high-low peak ratio-HLPR) were found to be associated with complex blood flow and velocity streamlines recirculation at systolic peak, and corresponding extended regions of high oscillatory shear index (OSI). On the contrary, lower values of HLPR were associated with laminar flow pattern and low values of OSI. Significant differences were observed in HLPR between subgroups with extended or limited areas with OSI > 0.1 (0.67 vs 0.31, respectively). Significant relationships were found between AVF sound intensity and brachial BFV (slope = 0.103, p < 0.01) as well as between longitudinal changes in brachial BFV and HLPR (slope = − 0.001, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Our results show that AVF sound can be exploited to extract fundamental information on AVF hemodynamic conditions, providing indication of the presence of complex hemodynamic and adequate BFV to perform hemodialysis. Sound analysis has therefore the potential to improve clinical AVF surveillance and to ameliorate outcome.