bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guide to simulating complex NMR probe circuits
Authors: Doty Francis David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractS‐parameter‐based circuit simulators are well suited to obtaining accurate solutions of even the most complex rf probe circuits. The basic theory necessary for determining the relative S/N of the probe circuit, based on B1/P0.5, from the voltage, current, impedance, and S‐parameter data that come from circuit simulators, is presented. Examples of simulator applications to circuits of increasing complexity are presented. A key requirement for effective utilization of circuit simulators in probe circuit optimizations is constructing an approximate analytical solution of the circuit, or an inverse simulation program, to accompany the direct circuit simulation, that calculates all the needed circuit component values based on minimal input data, such as B0, desired nuclides, sample coil description, and hardware options and details such as characteristics of various leads. A method of developing the needed inverse simulation program is presented for a simplified single‐coil HXY probe circuit. The inverse program is validated by the direct simulation itself. The methods are then applied to a detailed circuit that includes all significant leads, stray capacitances, couplings, and losses for a NB 28.2‐T 1‐mm HXYZ MAS probe. Similar HXY circuit models were validated by NMR experiments with rotor sizes from 0.75 mm to 3.2 mm at fields from 11.7 T to 21 T. Detailed HXYZ circuit model results at 11.7 T, including pulse widths, component values, voltages, and port isolations, agreed with experimental results within a few per cent. The 1200‐MHz HXYZ simulation predicted a 1H π/2 pulse of 1.3 μs at 25 W.
Thiophenol‐Modified Fluorographene Derivatives for Nonlinear Optical Applications
Authors: Stathis Aristeidis , Papadakis Ioannis , Karampitsos Nikolaos , Couris Stelios , Potsi Georgia , Bourlinos Athanasios B. , Otyepka Michal , Zboril Radek 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of two thiophenol‐modified fluorographene derivatives, namely methoxythiophenol‐and dimethylaminothiophenol‐modified fluorographenes, are reported, while their third‐order nonlinear optical response were thoroughly investigated under both visible (532 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) with 35 ps and 4 ns laser pulses. The graphene derivatives were obtained by partial nucleophilic substitution/reduction of fluorographene by the corresponding organic thiophenols, and were fully characterized by techniques including infrared/Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission microscopy. This type of modification resulted in graphenic structures where the attached thiol groups, sp2 domains, and the residual fluorine groups act as donors, π bridges, and acceptors, respectively. Both derivatives exhibited large nonlinear optical response compared to fluorographene, and have potential applications in optical limiting as an alternative to fullerenes.
Health care expenditure for delivery care between maternity waiting home users and nonusers inEthiopia
Authors: Getachew Biniam , Liabsuetrakul Tippawan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo compare the health care expenditures between maternity waiting home (MWH) users and nonusers in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was done in Ethiopia between December 2017 and June 2018. The study setting included eight health facilities in the Gurage zone of Ethiopia. Health expenditure for delivery care was the outcome variable that was then classified into out‐of‐pocket (OOP) payments, women's costs, total costs, and overall costs. Those health expenditures were then compared among MWH users and nonusers. OOP payments were further analyzed using quantile regression to explore associated factors.ResultsA total of 812 postpartum women were included in this study of whom half were MWH users. Significantly higher OOP payment, women's costs, total costs, and overall cost were found among MWH users compared with nonusers regardless of duration of MWH stay. The MWH users were more likely to have higher OOP payment compared with MWH nonusers in linear and quantile regressions for both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Higher OOP payments were observed for longer distance traveled and cesarean section (CS) delivery women at the 75th and 90th quantiles of expenditure. Using public transportation was significantly associated with higher OOP payment in all quantile levels.ConclusionUtilization of MWH incurred higher OOP payments, total costs, women's costs, and overall costs compared with MWH nonusers. Higher OOP payments for delivery care among MWH users were observed in all quantiles of expenditure.
Comparing Various In Vitro Prediction Methods to Assess the Potential of a Drug to Inhibit P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) Transporter In Vivo
Authors: Zhou Tian , Arya Vikram , Zhang Lei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe evaluation of potential of a new molecular entity (NME) to inhibit P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) in vivo is an integral part of drug development and is recommended by regulatory agencies. In this study, we compared the performance of 5 prediction methods and their associated criteria (including those from the European Medicines Agency, the US Food and Drug Administration, and the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan) for assessing the potential of an NME to inhibit P‐gp in vivo based on in vitro assessment. We collected in vitro (eg, half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50], fraction unbound to plasma protein) and in vivo (eg, dose, maximum concentration, change in maximum concentration or area under the plasma concentration–time curve of the substrate digoxin) data for 50 Food and Drug Administration–approved, orally administered drug products containing 53 NMEs, from the University of Washington Metabolism and Transport Drug Interaction Database, Drugs@FDA, and PubMed. All methods yielded similar accuracy with small differences in false‐negative (FN) and false‐positive (FP) predictions. In addition, use of ratio of the theoretical maximum gastrointestinal concentration to IC50 is sufficient for a reasonable prediction for these orally administered drugs as potential P‐gp inhibitors based on our dataset. The FN and FP rates varied depending on the cut‐off value for the ratio of the theoretical maximum gastrointestinal concentration/IC50. Possible reasons underlying FP and FN results from different methods should be taken into consideration to predict in vivo P‐gp inhibition.
Comparing the catheter delivery system and the stylet delivery system for ventricular lead placement in pacemaker implantation—The CATS delivery system randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yamagata Kenichiro , Ishibashi Kohei , Nakajima Kenzaburo , Kataoka Naoya , Kamakura Tsukasa , Wada Mitsuru , Inoue Yuko , Miyamoto Koji , Nagase Satoshi , Noda Takashi , Aiba Takeshi , Yasuda Satoshi , Kusano Kengo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundRight ventricular lead placement is one of the fundamental procedures during pacemaker implantation through the subclavian vein. Currently, there are two techniques to deliver the lead to the right ventricle: the catheter and stylet delivery systems. Surgeons, especially trainees in the early stage of training, are known to face difficulty while delivering the lead to the right ventricle. The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the two techniques of lead delivery by trainees in patients who are scheduled to undergo pacemaker implantation.MethodsThis is a prospective, single‐center, randomized controlled clinical trial. One‐hundred patients who were scheduled to undergo pacemaker implantation with a right ventricular lead will be randomized such that the pacemaker can be implanted via either the catheter delivery system or the stylet delivery system at a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint is the total number of attempts needed to place the lead in the ideal position. Secondary endpoints are the efficacy and safety of the implantation procedure. All implantation procedures will be performed by trainees under the supervision of expert cardiologists.ResultsThe results of this study are currently under investigation.ConclusionThis will be the first clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of the catheter delivery system and the stylet delivery system during the implantation of the ventricular lead in pacemaker implantation. Our findings are expected to improve the lead implantation procedure by providing information about which delivery system to choose in which situation.
Why do surgeons schedule their own surgeries?
Authors: Johnston David , Diamant Adam , Quereshy Fayez 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSurgery is a knowledge intensive, high‐risk professional service. Most hospitals give surgeons considerable autonomy in deciding which patients to operate on and when. In theory, this allows surgeons the operational flexibility to prioritize surgeries based on intimate knowledge of their patient's clinical needs. At odds with this strategy is the operations management literature, which favors the standardization and centralization of scheduling focused on achieving the efficient use of all resources, such as operating room capacity. Unfortunately, a little is known as to how surgeons customize their schedules and why they value such control. To this end, we conduct an exploratory qualitative study of the scheduling behavior of surgeons at a large Canadian teaching hospital. We identify significant differences between surgeons as to their priorities when scheduling. Two constructs are formative in surgeon decision‐making: the timeliness of treatment for their patients and idiosyncratic personal priorities. Our work has implications for achieving surgeon support for initiatives to standardize and centralize routines for patient scheduling. Accordingly, we formulate propositions that address the conditions under which such efforts will achieve the desired balance between flexibility and efficiency.
Experimental Investigation into the Screening of New Surfactant Flowback Aids and Statistical Interpretation of Their Imbibing Capacity for Selected Core Substrates
Authors: Khamatnurova Tatyana , Henkel Kristina , Ke Linping , Brown Michele , Holtsclaw Jeremy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpontaneous imbibition is a pervasive part of many natural and industrial processes. As an inherent feature of fluid transport in porous media, it is a driver for oil recovery. Understanding spontaneous imbibition and leveraging surface science is fundamental for fluid recovery; specifically, the role of the surfactant in the imbibition processes and the potential to alter capillarity and wettability of reservoir rock. Surfactant success relies on the understanding of the factors governing the interfacial phenomena among crude oil, and formation properties under reservoir conditions. Developing a methodology coupling chemical performance with analytical techniques, and statistical interpretation of core/surfactant/oil interactions, can help establish workflows to advance new chemistries and enhance oil recovery. This article discusses a study of flowback aids formulated as microemulsions corresponding to the thermodynamically stable Winsor Type IV solutions. Neat formulated microemulsions, when dosed at field treatment concentrations, provide either oil‐in‐water droplet microemulsions or nanoemulsions. The solvency potential was measured, and the Kauri‐butanol (Kb) value was determined. Parameters such as critical micelle concentration (CMC) and interfacial tension (IFT) were determined to characterize microemulsion solutions. These systems were tested using either in the column flow test with formation material sieved to match mineral grain size, or sandstone cores of various permeabilities. The results indicate that surfactant‐based flow‐enhancing aids are desirable for improved oil recovery when compared to the control fluid. The statistical analysis of core‐fluid interaction includes an ANOVA followed by assumption evaluations and model interpretation, which demonstrates that the core permeability term, followed by the surfactant term, has the highest contribution whereas oil has no statistical significance to the model.
Optimizing genetic algorithm–partial least squares model of soluble solids content in Fukumoto navel orange based on visible–near‐infrared transmittance spectroscopy using discrete wavelet transform
Authors: Song Jie , Li Guanglin , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe thick rind of Fukumoto navel orange is a great barrier to light penetration, which makes it difficult to evaluate the internal quality of Fukumoto navel orange accurately by visible–near‐infrared (Vis‐NIR) transmittance spectroscopy. The information carried by the transmission spectrum is limited. Thus, the application of genetic algorithm (GA) for variable selection may not reach the expected results, and selected variables may contain redundancy. In this paper, we present the use of discrete wavelet transforms for optimizing a GA–partial least squares (PLS) model based on Vis‐NIR transmission spectra of Fukumoto navel orange. Haar, Db, Sym, Coif and Bior wavelets were used to compress the spectral data selected by GA. Then a PLS model was established based on the variables compressed by each wavelet function.RESULTSThe use of Db4, Sym4, Coif2 and Bior3.5 succeeded in further simplification of the GA‐PLS model by reducing the number of variables by 40–44% without decreasing the prediction accuracy. The application of Bior3.5 not only could reduce the number of variables in the GA‐PLS model by 40%, but also increase the value of correlation coefficient of prediction by 1% and decrease the value of root mean square error of prediction by 3%.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicated that the combination of GA and discrete wavelet transforms for variable selection in the internal quality assessment of Fukumoto navel orange by Vis‐NIR transmittance spectroscopy was feasible. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
When self‐customization backfires: The role of a maximizing mindset
Authors: Nardini Gia , Sela Aner 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSelf‐customization in online shopping contexts readily offers an abundance of options for consumers. However, the sheer amount of information can quickly become overwhelming. One way to give people the freedom to choose without overwhelming them with information is to simplify the decision process by breaking it down into a series of smaller steps. Contrary to a common assumption that simpler decisions increase choice likelihood, however, this study demonstrates that a simple by‐attribute self‐customization process may activate a maximizing mindset, which increases people's desire to find better options and decreases their satisfaction with the ones available. Consequently, simplifying the self‐customization process can sometimes backfire by decreasing choice likelihood. Three studies suggest that although by‐attribute self‐customization formats are easier to choose from, compared with more complex matrix formats, they may sometimes—paradoxically—increase choice deferral. The findings suggest that a maximizing mindset mediates this effect, casting doubt on information‐based alternative explanations. The findings also suggest that whether by‐attribute self‐customization increases or decreases choice likelihood may depend on the presence of objective quality cues, which indicate that an objectively‐best option can be found. This study furthers the understanding of how decision difficulty and maximizing influence self‐customization decisions.
Metabolic comparison of aerial and submerged mycelia formed in the liquid surface culture of Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Suparmin Ahmad , Kato Tatsuya , Takemoto Hiroyuki , Park Enoch Y. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps sp. has been known to produce cordycepin which is a purine nucleoside antimetabolite and antibiotic with potential anticancer, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. Interestingly, Cordyceps militaris produces significantly higher amount in a liquid surface culture than in a submerged culture. The liquid surface culture consists of mycelia growing into the air (aerial mycelia) and mycelia growing toward the bottom into the medium (submerged mycelia). In this study, to clarify roles of aerial and submerged mycelia of C. militaris in the cordycepin production the difference in metabolism between these mycelia was investigated. From transcriptomic analyses of the aerial and submerged mycelia at the culture of 5, 12 and 19 days, the metabolism of the submerged mycelia switched from the oxidative phosphorylation to the fermentation pathway. This activated the pentose phosphate pathway to provide building block materials for the nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. Under hypoxic conditions, the 5‐aminolevulinic acid synthase (CCM_01504), delta‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (CCM_00935), coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (CCM_07483) and cytochrome c oxidase 15 (CCM_05057) genes of heme biosynthesis were significantly upregulated. In addition, the liquid surface culture revealed that metabolite coproporhyrinogen III and glycine, the product and precursor of heme, were increased at 12th day and decreased at 19th day, respectively. These results indicate that the submerged mycelia induce the activation of iron acquisition, the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, and the iron cluster genes of cordycepin biosynthesis in a hypoxic condition. Even though, the expression of the cluster genes of cordycepin biosynthesis was not significantly different in both types of mycelia.
AGK‐BRAF is associated with distant metastasis and younger age in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Sisdelli Luiza , Cordioli Maria Isabel Cunha Vieira , Vaisman Fernanda , Moraes Lais , Colozza‐Gama Gabriel Avelar , Alves Paulo Alonso G. , Araújo Mario Lucio , Alves Maria Teresa Seixas , Monte Osmar , Longui Carlos Alberto , Cury Adriano Namo , Carvalheira Gianna , Cerutti Janete Maria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of thyroid carcinoma has increased in most populations, including pediatric patients. The increase is almost exclusively due to an increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Genetic alterations leading to mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation are highly prevalent in PTC, with BRAF V600E mutation being the most common event in adult PTC. Although a lower prevalence of BRAF V600E had been reported among pediatric patients, a higher prevalence of BRAF fusion has been identified in both radiation‐exposed and sporadic pediatric PTC. However, little is known about the prognostic implications of BRAF fusions in pediatric PTC.ProcedureIn this study, we investigated the prevalence of BRAF alterations (AGK‐BRAF fusion and BRAF V600E mutation) in a large set of predominantly sporadic pediatric PTC cases and correlate with clinicopathological features. Somatic AGK‐BRAF fusion was investigated by RT‐PCR and confirmed by FISH break‐apart. The BRAF V600E mutation was screened using Sanger sequencing.ResultsAGK‐BRAF fusion, found in 19% of pediatric PTC patients, was associated with distant metastasis and younger age. Conversely, the BRAF V600E, found in 15% of pediatric PTC patients, was correlated with older age and larger tumor size.ConclusionCollectively, our results advance knowledge concerning genetic bases of pediatric thyroid carcinoma, with potential implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches.
The impact of illness perception and socio‐clinico‐demographic factors on perceived quality of life in children and adolescents with thalassemia intermedia
Authors: Atwa Zeze TH. , Wahed Wafaa Y. Abdel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground/objectivesβ‐Thalassemia intermedia (β‐TI) accounts for up to one‐fourth of β‐thalassemia patients. Evaluating and improving quality of life (QOL) should be a goal in β‐TI follow‐up and management strategies. Patients’ perceptions of their illness and its treatment may impact their QOL. This study aimed to evaluate QOL and the factors that affect it in children with β‐TI and to determine the impact of the patients’ and their mothers’ perceptions of the illness on patients’ QOL.Design/methodsThis was a case–control study. A total of 143 children and adolescents (71 β‐TI patients and 72 healthy controls) were enrolled. QOL, as perceived by the children and their mothers, was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scale. Perceptions of the illness by the mothers and children were assessed using the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (Brief IPQ). The patients’ clinical and sociodemographic data were extracted from their medical records.ResultsThe controls had higher QOL scores in nearly all domains (P < 0.01). The patients and mothers who had higher illness perception scores had better QOL scores (P < 0.01). Patient age and serum ferritin levels correlated negatively with QOL, while mean hemoglobin levels correlated positively. The use of hydroxyurea in treatment and high illness perception were independent predictors of better QOL.ConclusionQOL is significantly affected in β‐TI patients; maintaining a suitable hemoglobin level and standard levels of body iron are associated with better QOL. Patients’ and their mothers’ perceptions of the illness play an important role in QOL.
Divide and conquer: Evaluation of a redesign of a pediatric teaching service
Authors: Winn Ariel S. , Gross Caroline J. , Silverman Lewis B. , Kesselheim Jennifer C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing census and work compression on the pediatric inpatient hematologic malignancy (IHM) service yielded resident dissatisfaction, impaired learning, and decreased perceived quality of patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a service redesign on resident perceptions of (a) the educational value of the rotation and (b) the safety of patient care. As a secondary objective, we evaluated the impact on the time of day of patient discharge.ProcedureA bundled intervention on the IHM service was instituted, including decreased patient volumes, intentional patient assignment, intentional faculty selection, and increased weekend staffing. We distributed an annual survey to end‐of‐the‐year junior residents. We compared responses from residents who experienced the redesign (2017) with residents whose experience predated the redesign (2016). We compared the time of day of patient discharge before and after the redesign.ResultsSurvey completion rates were 70% (28/40) in 2016 and 57% (29/51) in 2017. Redesign residents rated their educational experience and perceived ability to care for patients on the nights and weekends significantly higher than previous residents. Redesign residents reported that their clinical education was compromised by excessive service less frequently than previous residents (24% vs 82%, P < 0.001). The time of day of patient discharge after the redesign was 35 minutes earlier than before the redesign (4:06 pm vs 4:41 pm, P = 0.01, 95% CI = −63, −6).ConclusionsA redesign initiative of an oncology service led to improved resident perceptions of the educational value of the rotation and ability to provide safe care to patients, along with earlier discharge times.