bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monodromy of Hyperplane Sections of Curves and Decomposition Statistics over Finite Fields
Authors: Entin Alexei 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
For a projective curve $C\subset \textbf{P} ^n$ defined over a finite field $\textbf{F} _q$ we study the statistics of the $\textbf{F} _q$-structure of a section of $C$ by a random hyperplane defined over $\textbf{F} _q$ in the $q\to \infty $ limit. We obtain a very general equidistribution result for this problem. We deduce many old and new results about decomposition statistics over finite fields in this limit. Our main tool will be the calculation of the monodromy of transversal hyperplane sections of a projective curve.
AdjointL-Functions for GL(3) and U2,1
Authors: Hundley Joseph , Zhang Qing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe show that the finite part of the adjoint $L$-function (including contributions from all non-archimedean places, including ramified places) is holomorphic in ${\textrm{Re}}(s) \ge 1/2$ for a cuspidal automorphic representation of ${\textrm{GL}}_3$ over a number field. This improves the main result of [21]. We obtain more general results for twisted adjoint $L$-functions of both ${\textrm{GL}}_3$ and quasisplit unitary groups. For unitary groups, we explicate the relationship between poles of twisted adjoint $L$-functions, endoscopy, and the structure of the stable base change lifting.
The number needed to benefit: estimating the value of predictive analytics in healthcare
Authors: Liu Vincent X , Bates David W , Wiens Jenna , Shah Nigam H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Predictive analytics in health care has generated increasing enthusiasm recently, as reflected in a rapidly growing body of predictive models reported in literature and in real-time embedded models using electronic health record data. However, estimating the benefit of applying any single model to a specific clinical problem remains challenging today. Developing a shared framework for estimating model value is therefore critical to facilitate the effective, safe, and sustainable use of predictive tools into the future. We highlight key concepts within the prediction-action dyad that together are expected to impact model benefit. These include factors relevant to model prediction (including the number needed to screen) as well as those relevant to the subsequent action (number needed to treat). In the simplest terms, a number needed to benefit contextualizes the numbers needed to screen and treat, offering an opportunity to estimate the value of a clinical predictive model in action.
Alcohol Intoxication and the Postburn Gastrointestinal Hormonal Response
Authors: Idrovo Juan-Pablo , Shults Jill A , Curtis Brenda J , Chen Michael M , Kovacs Elizabeth J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGastrointestinal hormones are essential in postburn metabolism. Since near 50% of burn victims test positive for blood alcohol levels at hospital admission and have inferior outcomes compared to nonintoxicated burn patients; we hypothesized that the gastrointestinal hormone secretion is compromised in intoxicated burn victims. To test our theory, we quantified gastrointestinal hormones serum levels in a combine ethanol intoxication and burn injury mouse model. Thus, mice received a daily dose of ethanol for 3 days, rested 4 days, and were given ethanol 3 additional days. Mice underwent 15% TBSA scald burn 30 minutes after their last ethanol dose. Serum samples were collected 24 hours after burn injury. Nonintoxicated burned mice exhibited an increase in glucose, insulin, ghrelin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin, and resistin by 1.4-, 3-, 13.5-, 6.2-, 9.4-, and 2.4-fold, respectively, compared to sham vehicle mice (P < .05). Burn injury also reduced serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) by 32% compared to sham-injured, vehicle-treated mice. Leptin, resistin, glucagon-like peptide-1, as well as insulin, were not different from sham groups when intoxication preceded burn injury. Nevertheless, in burned mice treated with ethanol, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon serum levels exhibited a significant fold increase of 3.5 and 4.7, respectively. With these results, we conclude that 24 hours after burn injury, mice developed significant changes in gastrointestinal hormones, along with hyperglycemia. Moreover, the combined insult of burn and ethanol intoxication led to additional hormonal changes that may be attributed to a potential pancreatic dysfunction. Further multiday studies are required to investigate the etiology, behavior, and clinical significance of these hormonal changes.
Lesion Localization Using Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: Where Did I Go Wrong?
Authors: Gupta Dipti , Friedewald Sarah M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The scroll bar on digital breast tomosynthesis has become an imperative tool that breast imaging radiologists rely on for help in identify lesions on the orthogonal view, targeting breast ultrasound, and performing challenging biopsies for one-view findings. The ability to predict the lesion location using the scroll bar not only saves time in the diagnostic setting but also reduces screening recalls when a finding can be confirmed as dermal. It is important, however, to recognize settings in which the location prediction can be misleading, such as for lesions in thin breast tissue or the anterior portion of the breast or if the breast is not appropriately positioned. In these situations, radiologists can use other diagnostic tools for problem solving.
Baculoviral Expression of Presumptive OP-Resistance Mutations in BmAChE1 of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and Biochemical Resistance to OP Inhibition
Authors: Temeyer Kevin B , Schlechte Kristie G , McDonough William P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), transmits bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis, and is endemic to Mexico, Latin and South America. Rhipicephalus (B.) microplus infestations within the United States are a continuing threat to U.S. cattle producers. An importation barrier between Texas and Mexico keeps the ticks from re-entering the United States. All cattle imported into the United States are dipped in an organophosphate (OP) acaricide and hand inspected for presence of ticks. Tick resistance has developed to most available acaricides, including coumaphos, the OP used in the cattle dip vats. OP-resistance can result from one or more mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), resulting in production of an altered AChE resistant to OP inhibition. Previous research reported a large number of BmAChE1 mutations associated with OP resistance. We report baculovirus expression of recombinant tick BmAChE1 (rBmAChE) enzymes containing a single resistance-associated mutation, to assess their contribution to OP inhibition resistance. Surprisingly, of the naturally occurring BmAChE1 resistance-associated mutations, only D188G resulted in markedly reduced sensitivity to OP-inhibition suggesting that OP-insensitivity in BmAChE1 may result from the D188G mutation, or may possibly result from multiple mutations, each contributing a small decrease in OP sensitivity. Furthermore, an OP-insensitivity mutation (G119S) found in mosquitoes was expressed in rBmAChE1, resulting in 500-2000-fold decreased sensitivity to OP inhibition. Recombinant BmAChE1 with the G119S mutation demonstrated the lack of any structural prohibition to broad and high-level OP-insensitivity, suggesting potential increases in tick OP-resistance that would threaten the U.S. importation barrier to ticks.
Is That Still the Same? Has that Changed? On the Accuracy of Measuring Change with Dependent Interviewing
Authors: Jäckle Annette , Eckman Stephanie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMeasurement and analysis of change is one of the primary reasons to conduct panel surveys, but studies have shown that estimates of change from panel surveys can be subject to measurement error, most commonly overreporting of change. For this reason, many panel surveys use a technique called proactive dependent interviewing, which reminds respondents of their answer in the previous wave, and has been shown to reduce the capturing of spurious change. However, so far very little guidance exists in the literature on how such questions should be worded. Here, we use data from three experimental studies to examine question wording effects with proactive dependent interviewing. Because we link data from one of the surveys to administrative records, we can examine not only different levels of change by format, but the accuracy of the change reports as well. Our results show that how questions about current status are worded affects the reporting of change. The overall results, including comparisons with administrative records, suggest that reminding respondents of their previous answer and then asking, “Is that still the case?” produces the most accurate data on change and stability experienced by respondents.
Age, Race, and At-Risk Drinking in an HIV-infected U.S. Military Cohort
Authors: Byrne Morgan , Deiss Robert , Mesner Octavio , Glancey Margaret , Ganesan Anuradha , Okulicz Jason , Kronmann Karl , Maves Ryan , Schofield Christina , Agan Brian , Macalino Grace 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction
There is a high prevalence of at-risk drinking in the U.S. military. Among HIV-infected individuals, alcohol abuse confers additional risk for adverse health outcomes. In the military, however, the characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who engage in high-risk drinking are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors associated with at-risk drinking in an HIV-positive longitudinal cohort of DoD beneficiaries.

Materials and Methods
Annual prevalence of at-risk drinking was calculated for members of the U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during or after January 2006 through May 2014; each participant completed at least one self-reported alcohol survey within a year of HAART initiation. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with at-risk drinking.

Results
Sixty-six percent of subjects (495/752) reported at-risk drinking on at least one survey after HAART initiation. At-risk drinkers were more likely to be Active Duty compared to Retired (OR 0.65 95% CI [0.46, 0.92]). In multivariate models, Caucasian race (OR 3.30 95% CI [2.31, 4.71]); Hispanic/other race (OR 2.17 95% CI [1.51, 3.14]) and younger age (OR 0.61 per 10 years older, [95%CI 0.49, 0.75]) were significantly associated with at-risk drinking. Single relationship status (OR 1.51 95% CI [1.08, 2.13]) was also associated with at-risk drinking.

Conclusions
Consistent with general alcohol consumption patterns in the military, we found a high prevalence of at-risk drinking among individuals with HIV infection, which was associated most closely with young, non-African Americans. Targeting interventions toward this group will be important to reduce at-risk drinking and its potential for HIV-related complications.
On the origin of microbial magnetoreception
Authors: Lin Wei , Kirschvink Joseph L , Paterson Greig A , Bazylinski Dennis A , Pan Yongxin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA broad range of organisms, from prokaryotes to higher animals, have the ability to sense and utilize Earth's geomagnetic field—a behavior known as magnetoreception. Although our knowledge of the physiological mechanisms of magnetoreception has increased substantially over recent decades, the origin of this behavior remains a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Despite this, there is growing evidence that magnetic iron mineral biosynthesis by prokaryotes may represent the earliest form of biogenic magnetic sensors on Earth. Here, we integrate new data from microbiology, geology and nanotechnology, and propose that initial biomineralization of intracellular iron nanoparticles in early life evolved as a mechanism for mitigating the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as ultraviolet radiation and free-iron-generated ROS would have been a major environmental challenge for life on early Earth. This iron-based system could have later been co-opted as a magnetic sensor for magnetoreception in microorganisms, suggesting an origin of microbial magnetoreception as the result of the evolutionary process of exaptation.
Magnetohydrodynamic simulation code CANS+: Assessments and applications
Authors: Matsumoto Yosuke , Asahina Yuta , Kudoh Yuki , Kawashima Tomohisa , Matsumoto Jin , Takahashi Hiroyuki R , Minoshima Takashi , Zenitani Seiji , Miyoshi Takahiro , Matsumoto Ryoji 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present a new magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation package with the aim of providing accurate numerical solutions to astrophysical phenomena where discontinuities, shock waves, and turbulence are inherently important. The code implements the Harten–Lax–van Leer–discontinuitues (HLLD) approximate Riemann solver, the fifth-order-monotonicity-preserving interpolation (MP5) scheme, and the hyperbolic divergence cleaning method for a magnetic field. This choice of schemes has significantly improved numerical accuracy and stability, and saved computational costs in multidimensional problems. Numerical tests of one- and two-dimensional problems show the advantages of using the high-order scheme by comparing with results from a standard second-order total variation diminishing monotonic upwind scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL) scheme. The present code enables us to explore the long-term evolution of a three-dimensional accretion disk around a black hole, in which compressible MHD turbulence causes continuous mass accretion via nonlinear growth of the magneto-rotational instability (MRI). Numerical tests with various computational cell sizes exhibits a convergent picture of the early nonlinear growth of the MRI in a global model, and indicates that the MP5 scheme has more than twice the resolution of the MUSCL scheme in practical applications.
Patients with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex lesions are capable of discriminatory threat learning but appear impaired in cognitive regulation of subjective fear
Authors: Kroes Marijn C W , Dunsmoor Joseph E , Hakimi Mathew , Oosterwaal Sofie ,   NYU PROSPEC collaboration, Meager Michael R , Phelps Elizabeth A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Humans are able to cognitively regulate emotions by changing their thoughts. Neuroimaging studies show correlations between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity and cognitive regulation of emotions. Here our objective was to investigate whether dlPFC damage is associated with impaired cognitive regulation of emotion. We therefore tested the ability of patients with dlPFC lesions (N = 6) and matched control participants (N = 19) to utilize a laboratory version of cognitive regulation training (CRT) to regulate subjective fear and autonomic threat responses following Pavlovian threat conditioning. We found that patients with dlPFC lesions were able to acquire conditioned threat but seemed impaired in their ability to utilize CRT to cognitively regulate subjective fear to a threatening stimulus. Despite inclusion of a limited number of lesion patients, our results suggest that the dlPFC is important for the cognitive regulation of subjective fear.
Total Inpatient Morphine Milligram Equivalents Can Predict Long-term Opioid Use After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Ge David H. , Hockley Aaron , Vasquez-Montes Dennis , Moawad Mohamed A. , Passias Peter G. , Errico Thomas J. , Buckland Aaron J. , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Fischer Charla R. 
Published: May 2019

Study Design.
A retrospective cohort study from a single institution.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to assess the thresholds for postoperative opioid consumption, which are predictive of continued long-term opioid dependence.

Summary of Background Data.
The specific sum total of inpatient opioid consumption as a risk factor for long-term use after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) has not been previously studied.

Methods.
Charts of patients who underwent a one, two, or three-level primary TLIF between 2014 and 2017 were reviewed. Total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) consumed was tabulated and separated into three categories based on ROC curve analysis of opioid utilization at 6-month follow-up. Multivariate binary regression analysis assessed these MME dosage categories. A further subanalysis grouped patients on the basis of whether they had used opioids preoperatively.

Results.
One hundred seventy-two patients met the inclusion criteria and were separated into groups who received less than 250 total inpatient MME (44%), between 250 and 500 total inpatient MME (26%), and greater than 500 total inpatient MME (27%). Patients undergoing a TLIF who received <250 total MME in the immediate postoperative period had a 3.73 (odds ratio) times smaller probability of requiring opioids at 6-month follow-up [P = 0.027, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.084–0.86]. Patients who received >500 total MME had a 4.84 times greater probability (P = 0.002, 95% CI 1.8–13) of requiring opioids at 6-month follow-up. A subanalysis demonstrated individuals with preoperative opioid use who received <250 total MME had a 7.09 times smaller probability (P = 0.033, 95% CI 0.023–0.85) of requiring opioids at 6-month follow-up while those who received >500 total MME had a 5.43 times greater probability (P = 0.033, 95% CI 1.6–18) of requiring opioids at 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion.
Exceeding the threshold of 500 total MMEs in the immediate postoperative period after a TLIF is a significant risk factor that predicts continued opioid use at 6-month follow-up, particularly among patients with a history of preoperative opioid utilization.

Level of Evidence: 3
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction with the Two-step Technique: Procedure Optimization and Three-year Follow-up in 26 Surgeries
Authors: Al Zarouni Marwan 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Complex or recurrent abdominal wall defects may be the result of trauma, infection, tumor resection, or a previous failed attempt at closure, among other causes. This article describes a new surgical technique that better addresses these defects and provides safety and efficacy data from 26 consecutive surgeries with a 3-year follow-up.

Methods:
Prospective study in 18 men and 8 women with serious abdominal wall defects, who were surgically operated on using the two-step technique, which includes a first regenerative and closure step using a vacuum device (vacuum-assisted closure), and a second reconstructive step that does not require the use of any type of surgical mesh. The safety and efficacy results were evaluated through clinical examinations and questionnaires. The severity of patient-experienced pain and both patient and surgeon satisfaction were quantified on a scale from 0 to 10 points. The statistical calculations focused on the mean (m), range (r), and percentage (%).

Results:
The mean complete surface area of the abdominal wall defects was 250.2 cm2 (r = 78–770 cm2). The patient and surgeon satisfaction rates at the time of hospital discharge were m = 9.0 (r = 3–10) and m = 9.4 (r = 8–10), respectively. After 3 years, these rates were m = 7.2 (r = 3–10) and m = 9.8 (r = 9–10), respectively. No relevant complications were observed in any stage of the study and no recurrence was observed 3 years later. The main complaint of patients was the presence of hypertrophic scars from the surgical wound (57% of cases).

Conclusion:
The two-step technique is an excellent alternative for the repair of complete abdominal wall defects of up to 800 cm2 because it allows serious complications to be avoided, prevents recurrences, and shows high rates of both patient and surgeon satisfaction.
To Glue or Not to Glue? Analysis of Fibrin Glue for Split-thickness Skin Graft Fixation
Authors: Mullens Cody L. , Messa Charles A. , Kozak Geoffrey M. , Rhemtulla Irfan A. , Fischer John P. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) is a commonly used tool in the plastic surgeon’s reconstructive armamentarium. Fibrin glue (FG) consists of a combination of clotting factors and thrombin whose key properties include adherence and hemostasis. This preliminary study aimed to assess clinical outcomes and cost of FG for STSG fixation in a general wound reconstruction.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted in all patients undergoing STSG placement by a single surgeon (JPF) from January 2016 to March 2018. Twenty patients were identified and matched by wound location and wound size. Patients were then divided into 2 groups based on the method of STSG fixation: FG (n = 10) or suture only (SO) (n = 10).

Results:
In patients with FG fixation, we observed trends of decreased adjusted operative times (34.9 versus 49.4 minutes, P = 0.612), a similar length of stay (2.8 versus 3.5 days, P = 0.306), and liberation from the use of negative pressure wound therapy (0 versus 10 wounds, P < 0.0001). There were no observed differences between the 2 groups in terms of graft-related complications at 180 days (1 complication FG versus 0 complications SO). Time to 100% graft take was also not different (20.2 versus 29.4 days, P = 0.405). Additionally, total direct cost ($16,542 FG versus $24,266 SO; P = 0.545) and total charges ($120,336 FG versus $183,750 SO; P = 0.496) were not statistically different between the FG and SO groups.

Conclusions:
In this preliminary comparative assessment, FG for STSG fixation has shown no difference in clinical outcomes to SO fixation, trends of decreased operative time, and afforded complete liberation from negative pressure wound therapy dressings.
Outcome Study after Nasal Alar/Peri-alar Subunit Reconstruction: Comparing Paramedian Forehead Flap to Nasolabial Flap
Authors: Genova Rafaella , Gardner Preston A. , Oliver Lauren N. , Chaiyasate Kongkrit 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
Contours of the lower nasal third are unique and present challenges in surgical reconstruction. The nasal alar intricate curved anatomy makes the area easily compromised after Mohs surgery. Managing patient and surgeon expectations with regard to aesthetics and functionality remains the reconstructive goal. The purpose of the study was to compare patients’ perspective on aesthetics and functional outcomes of nasal alar reconstruction post Mohs ablative surgery using nasolabial or forehead flaps.

Methods:
A single surgeon’s results of 23 patients, who underwent nasal alar reconstruction post Mohs surgery, were included for analysis (15 forehead and 8 nasolabial flaps). Initially, 103 consecutive patients undergoing nasal reconstruction were reviewed, with 67 excluded due to nonalar subunit involvement and an additional 13 excluded for other discussed reasons. Mean follow-up period was 2.3 years. Evaluation of a patient satisfaction questionnaire assessed aesthetics and functionality and also surgical scar noticeability. Additionally, 3 board-certified plastic surgeons assessed postoperative images.

Results:
Twenty-three patients completed the survey. There was no statistically significant difference in gender ratio, follow-up time, or scar noticeability among groups. A difference was noted in both aesthetics and functionality score (P < 0.03) for both variables favoring forehead flaps. Results from the surgeon’s questionnaire also confirmed the superiority of forehead flaps concerning scar, alar contour/symmetry, and nostril opening symmetry.

Conclusions:
The forehead flap has a better functional and aesthetic outcome and an overall superior level of satisfaction post Mohs ablative surgery.