bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological characterization and varietal evaluation of Alstroemeria genotypes
Authors: Garg Arushi , Kashyap Bharati , Dhiman S.R. , Dogra R.K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For the establishment of distinctness among the Alstroemeria genotypes, 35 morphological characters and 16 vegetative and flowering parameters were studied for two years (2019–2021) and the results were condensed in the form of draft guidelines. The study came to the conclusion that the vast variability in various vegetative and floral qualities among the sixteen genotypes of Alstroemeria offered a fantastic chance to choose the genotypes that were suitable for all economic features. With regards to performance of genotypes, ‘UHFSAlst 1’, ‘UHFSAlst 3’, ‘UHFSAlst 4’, ‘UHFSAlst 5’, ‘UHFSAlst 11’, ‘UHFSAlst 29’, ‘UHFSAlst 33’ and ‘UHFSAlst 41’ performed better in terms of economical parameters. The novel colour was observed in ‘UHFSAlst 1’, ‘UHFSAlst 11’, ‘UHFSAlst 40’ (magenta pink), UHFSAlst 3’, ‘UHFSAlst 5’, ‘UHFSAlst 29’ (dark purple), ‘UHFSAlst 33’, ‘UHFSAlst 41’ (variegated). ‘UHFSAlst 29’, ‘UHFSAlst 5’, and ‘Serena’ recorded the maximum observed plant height. Genotype ‘UHFSAlst 4’ was shortest in height. In terms of flower size, a large diameter of flower was observed in ‘UHFSAlst 29’ and ‘UHFSAlst 1’ has maximum stem thickness. The findings led to the conclusion that the morphological DUS descriptor is very effective in classifying genotypes into distinct groups for each attribute. The diversity of the genotypes can be further leveraged for trait-specific breeding programmes through a systematic and scientific method, according to the variance at the morphological level.
Bioconversion of insect protein biomass into a fishmeal alternate for freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) diets
Authors: Ghosh D. , Mondal K. , Das S. , Haque S. , Mukherjee K. , Das A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The demand for alternative fishmeal has increased significantly in recent years due to the expansion of the fishing industry. Therefore, insect proteins are becoming more popular as an alternative low-cost bio-source for fish than plant-based fish feeds. In the present study, a dietary mixture of insect protein powder derived from four Indian grasshopper species, namely Oxya hyla hyla, Atractomorpha crenulata, Oxya japonica japonica, and Phlaeoba infumata (insect meal, IM) was substituted for conventionally used fishmeal (FM) in the diet formulation for growing Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) fingerlings. Three formulated diets with IM were prepared, with FM substituted at the rates of 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively, with a control diet with no IM but only 20% FM. All dietary treatments were administered to tilapia fingerlings for 60 days under laboratory conditions. IM-incorporated diets outperform FM-incorporated diets in growth and digestibility due to their higher food conversion ratio for IM. In terms of growth and survivability in tilapia fingerlings, a 75% replacement of FM with IM demonstrated the most significant efficacy. According to the findings, mixed insect powder derived from four grasshopper species can be used as a partial replacement for FM in formulating the compound fish diet for tilapia fingerlings.
Consumer sensory profiling and liking of Bolognese-type sauces: how do insect and plant foods really fare against red meat?
Authors: de Almeida Costa A.I. , Monteiro M.J.P. , Maya C. , Rocha C. , Faria B.F. , Lima R.C. , Cunha L.M. , Roos N. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Meeting global targets for healthier and more sustainable diets calls for a substantial reduction of meat consumption in Western nations, especially red and processed meat. This requires a transition to the large-scale production, marketing, and adoption of alternative proteins. The current state of development of new plant- and insect-based foods holds good promise, but optimizing their sensory quality to the point where they can satisfactorily replace everyday meat-eating experiences remains a challenge, demanding a more consumer-oriented approach. This study investigated how Portuguese adults (, 18-40 years old, 50% female, regular meat eaters) perceived the sensory characteristics of seven Bolognese-style pasta sauces – made with 100% red meat (beef and pork), plant (soya beans or peas) or edible insect (house cricket or yellow mealworm larvae) protein – and how this affected their hedonic preferences for these products. Expectedly, the meat-based sauce was generally the most appreciated. Still, consumers liked all products slightly to moderately apart from mealworm mince. Sensory-mediated disgust affected the evaluations of some insect- and plant-based sauces, while others benefitted from formulations that enhanced savouriness and the prototypical attributes of a tomato pasta sauce. Moreover, the disconfirmation of positive sensory-affective judgements of ‘meatiness’ induced by mince-like texture cues penalized liking. High inter-individual variation in evaluations was observed. Distinct preferences for spiciness, for instance, moderated the effects of meat substitution on product liking, with over half of participants appreciating a mild or a spicy plant-based option more than the typical beef Bolognese. Sociodemographics, Beef Consumption, Healthy Eating Consciousness and Food Disgust Sensitivity were all important predictors of patterns of product liking, pointing out that the type of protein selected is just one of the many factors driving the acceptance of meat substitutes by consumers that can be leveraged by the food industry.
Changes in Extreme Daily Precipitation over the Contiguous United States from Convection-Permitting Simulations
Authors: Stinnett Sylvia N. , Gensini Vittorio A. , Haberlie Alex M. , Michaelis Allison C. , Ashley Walker S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The potential for changes in extreme precipitation events due to anthropogenic climate change may have significant societal impacts (e.g., agricultural productivity, property loss, and mortality). This project uses a dynamically downscaled, convection-permitting regional climate model to investigate extreme daily precipitation in the CONUS, defined explicitly as the 99th percentile 24-h accumulated value. The simulation output includes a historical (HIST) baseline (1990–2005) and two epochs at the end of the twenty-first century (EOC; 2085–2100) under intermediate and pessimistic emissions scenarios. Independent observations illustrate that HIST admirably represents extreme precipitation climatology for most locations in the domain. Comparisons between HIST and the two EOC scenarios for the 99th percentile of daily precipitation show statistically significant increases during December–May across the Midwest and Ohio Valley and statistically significant decreases for the southern Great Plains during December–February. Extreme value analysis further reveals increasing variability in precipitation extremes for eight climatologically unique cities across the CONUS by the end of the twenty-first century and significant increases in return period precipitation amounts for most cities examined. These results provide additional guidance for stakeholders to reduce societal impacts and economic loss from daily precipitation extremes and create a more climate-resilient society.

Significance Statement
This study uses a novel convection-allowing regional climate model to illustrate potential future changes in daily extreme rainfall amounts due to climate change. Future scenarios project robust increases in these events during some seasons for portions of the Midwest and Ohio Valley, whereas the southern Great Plains are projected to experience decreases. Furthermore, we find a notable increase in the variability of extreme daily precipitation across various CONUS cities by the end of the twenty-first century. Overall, our results further our understanding of how extreme precipitation events may change in the future and, therefore, help policymakers and stakeholders adapt to these impactful events.
Errors of Opportunity: Using Neural Networks to Predict Errors in the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) on S2S Time Scales
Authors: Cahill Jack , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Maloney Eric D. , Sain Stephan R. , Harr Patrick , Madaus Luke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Making predictions of impactful weather on time scales of weeks to months [subseasonal to seasonal (S2S)] in advance is incredibly challenging. Dynamical models often struggle to simulate tropical systems that evolve over multiple weeks such as the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO), and these errors can impact geopotential heights, precipitation, and other variables in the contiguous United States through teleconnections. While many data-driven S2S studies attempt to predict future midlatitude variables using current conditions, here we instead focus on postprocessing of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association’s (NOAA) Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) to predict GEFS errors. Specifically, by looking at when/where there are errors in the GEFS, neural networks can be used to understand what atmospheric conditions helped produce these errors via explainability methods. Our “errors of opportunity” approach identifies phase 4 of the MJO and phases 1 and 2 of the BSISO as significant factors in aiding GEFS error prediction across different regions and seasons. Specifically, we see high accuracy for overestimates of 500-hPa geopotential height (h500) anomalies in the Pacific Northwest during spring and as well as high accuracy for underestimates of geopotential heights in Northwest Mexico during summer. Furthermore, we demonstrate enhanced error prediction skill for overestimates of summer precipitation in the Midwest following BSISO phases 1 and 2. Most notably, our findings highlight that the identified errors stem from the GEFS’s failure to accurately forecast teleconnection patterns.
Co-use of psychedelics with other substances: Findings from the global psychedelic survey
Authors: Lake Stephanie , Lucas Philippe 
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims: While most psychedelic substances are considered to carry a relatively low risk of acute or long-term harm, co-use with other psychoactive substances may increase health and social harm. Using a large international survey of adults who use psychedelics, we sought to comprehensively characterize psychedelic co-use. Methods: We used data from the 2023 Global Psychedelic Survey, a web-based survey of adults ⩾21 with lifetime use of psychedelics. We explored patterns of co-use (prevalence, secondary substances used, timing, and motives of co-use) and examined sociodemographic and psychedelic use-related characteristics associated with co-use overall and by specific psychedelics. Results: In total, 5370 respondents were included in this analysis, of whom 3228 (56.3%) reported typically co-using at least one of the 11 psychedelic substances of interest, with co-use lowest for ayahuasca (14.8%) and highest for nitrous oxide (54.5%). Cannabis and alcohol were the most common secondary substances. Depressants were the only secondary substance class that increased in use following psychedelic experiences. Greater experience with psychedelics was significantly associated with co-use, as was using for recreational purposes or to reduce/substitute the use of other substances. Personal exploration and therapeutic purposes for psychedelic use were negatively associated with co-use. Conclusions: In this detailed analysis of psychedelic co-use, we observed high rates of co-use with certain psychedelics, specifically when used recreationally. Our findings highlight psychedelic-specific consumers for whom harm reduction messaging around co-use practices may be best tailored. Further research is justified to assess whether specific patterns of co-use might reduce or increase potential harms.
Cognitive and Functional Capacity Assessment of Individuals Who Were Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit Due to COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Carneiro Juliana Cristina Fogaça , Biasibetti Mayco , Rodrigues Folly , Barroso Gustavo de Castro , Cechetti Fernanda 
Published: October 2024

Aim The goal of this study was to identify changes in cognitive and functional capacity after hospital discharge in those infected with COVID-19 who were admitted to the ICU. Methods This is a prospective cohort study carried out with individuals who were admitted to a hospital, from July 2021 to May 2022. The evaluations happened in three moments: at hospital discharge, 30 days after discharge and 90 days after discharge. The instruments applied are the following: handgrip dynamometer, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic questionnaire (MoCA-B), Barthel Index (BI), timed up and go test (TUG), hospital anxiety and depressive scale (HADS) and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey questionary (SF-36). Results 74 individuals were eligible to participate in the study, 25 of which were followed for 90 days. Based on the results of the MoCA-b, there were no relevant cognitive changes after 3 months. According to the Barthel Index applied to each of the evaluations, the percentage of subjects that were classified as independent or minimally dependent was 48%, 92% then 96%, respectively, demonstrating that individuals can achieve a good degree of functional independence after 3 months. Despite that, the SF-36 demonstrated a score below the South Brazilian normal in some domains. Conclusion The individuals studied did not present persistent cognitive changes after 3 months and functional capacity showed significant improvement during this period. However, when the assessment is about the self-perceived quality of life, the majority of domain values are still below expectations, deserving attention by the health professionals involved.
Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Liu Quanri , Zhang Rui , Chen Yujiao , Lu Yanhui , Cui Fangqiang , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Chunmei 
Published: October 2024

Background: This study investigates the association between dietary flavonoid intake and the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through a matched case-control design. Methods: Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, comparing the intake of flavonoids between individuals with MCI and those with normal cognitive function. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the correlation between dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of MCI. Additionally, blood concentrations of S100β, a marker of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and blood S100β levels. Results: Compared to participants with normal cognition, those with MCI had significantly lower dietary intakes of total flavonoids, isoflavones, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, kaempferol, myricetin, flavonols, and anthocyanidins, while the intake of peonidin was significantly higher. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that high dietary intake of total flavonoids, isoflavones, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, kaempferol, myricetin, and flavonols was negatively correlated with MCI, whereas peonidin intake was positively correlated with MCI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed these findings. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between dietary intake of kaempferol and myricetin and blood S100β levels. Conclusion: Increasing the dietary intake of total flavonoids, isoflavones, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, and flavonols appears to be a protective factor against MCI, while higher intake of peonidin is associated with an increased risk of MCI. The protective or adverse effects of these flavonoids may not be related to the permeability of the BBB. Myricetin and kaempferol intake may protect cognitive function by maintaining BBB integrity.
Ultrasound Radiomics for the Prediction of Breast Cancers with HER2-Zero, -Low, and -Positive Status: A Dual-Center Study
Authors: Yin Yunqing , Mo Sijie , Li Guoqiu , Wu Huaiyu , Hu Jintao , Zheng Jing , Liu Qinghua , Wang Mengyun , Xu Jinfeng , Huang Zhibin , Tian Hongtian , Dong Fajin 
Published: October 2024

Purpose To assess whether gray-scale ultrasound (US) based radiomic features can help distinguish HER2 expressions (ie, HER2-overexpressing, HER2-low-expressing, and HER2-zero-expressing) in breast cancer. Materials and Methods This retrospective study encompassed female breast cancer patients who underwent US examinations at two distinct centers from February 2021 to July 2023. Tumor segmentation and radiomic feature extraction were performed on grayscale US images. Decision Tree analysis was employed to simultaneously evaluate feature importance, and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator technique was utilized for feature selection to construct the radiomic signature. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was employed to assess the performance of the radiomic features. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors for distinguishing HER2 expression in the dataset. Results The training set comprised 292 patients from Center 1 (median, 51 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 45-61), while the external validation set included 131 patients from Center 2 (median, 51 years; IQR: 45-62). In the external validation dataset, the radiomic features achieved AUC of 0.76 for distinguishing between HER2-low and positive tumors versus HER2-zero tumors. The AUC for differentiating HER2-low (1+) from HER2-zero tumors was 0.74, and for distinguishing HER2-low (2+) from HER2-zero tumors, the AUC was 0.77. In the multivariate analysis assessing HER2-low and HER2-positive versus HER2-zero tumors, internal echoes (P = .029) and margins (P < .001) emerged as independent predictive factors. Conclusion The radiomic signature and tumor descriptors from gray-scale US may predict distinct HER2 expressions of breast cancers with therapeutic implications.
Physical and Dosimetric Characterization of Silicone Rubber Bolus for Head Photon-Beam Radiotherapy
Authors: Chen Xuemei , Wang Wei , Huang Xiaotong , Diao Wenchao , Xu Chendi , Jia Lecheng , Li Hua , Li Bin , Jiang Xiaobo 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study assesses the physical properties of the silicone rubber (SR) bolus, compares its dosimetric characterization with those of gel and thermoset boluses, aiming to evaluate the feasibility and stability of utilizing SR bolus for head photon-beam radiotherapy. Methods Three types of boluses (gel, thermoset, and SR) were prepared with same dimensions. Firstly, the physical properties of SR bolus (density, tensile strength and hardness) were assessed pre-irradiation and post-irradiation. Secondly, the percentage of depth dose (PDD) curve was calculated using the treatment planning system (TPS) and measured with a plane-parallel. Thirdly, these three boluses were individually placed on the head phantom, followed by computed tomography (CT) scans to delineate the customized target area and organs at risk (OARs) for treatment planning. Over the subsequent three weeks, fan-beam CT (FBCT) images were obtained weekly and registered with the initial CT to modify the target area and OARs. Fourthly, the adhesion differences, dose distributions, and inter-fraction reproducibility of the three boluses were compared and evaluated. Results The results observed that post-irradiated SR bolus exhibited higher hardness values ( p < .01) than the pre-irradiated one, with no significant differences in tensile strength and density. The PDD curves of all three boluses showed similarity within a difference range less than ±1%. The air gaps between the SR, thermoset, and gel boluses and skin surfaces were measured as 0.07 cm3, 2.96 cm3, and 4.82 cm3, respectively. Compared with gel bolus and thermoset bolus, the SR bolus demonstrated noticeable inter-fraction reproducibility. Conclusion The SR bolus can be fabricated at room temperature, adheres to irregular body surfaces, and retains its physical properties post-irradiation. Additionally, this bolus has comparable dosimetric characterization to other commercial boluses, and may provide notable protection for OARs. Therefore, the SR bolus is recommended as a feasible and stable material for head photon-beam radiotherapy.
Quality Assessment of YouTube Videos on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) for Cancer Using a Newly Developed Tool
Authors: Huchel Sophia , Grumt Alina , Keinki Christian , Buentzel Judith , Käsmann Lukas , Huebner Jutta 
Published: October 2024

Background: The global burden of cancer continues to rise and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is attracting a lot of interest. However, quality of online information on CAM, particularly on platforms like YouTube, remains questionable. This study aimed to create a comprehensive assessment tool to assess the quality of CAM-related YouTube videos, crucial for informed decision-making in oncology. Methods: The assessment tool was developed by adapting existing criteria for website content analysis to video rating. A YouTube search was conducted using German-language terms related to CAM (“complementary medicine (CM) for cancer” and “alternative medicine (AM) for cancer”). In total 25 videos were assessed based on the defined criteria and assigned to five different types of providers (journalism, healthcare organization, hospital or health insurance, independent person, non-medical organization). Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 27. Results: Interrater reliability analysis showed an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of .91, indicating good to excellent agreement. The average video result was of poor quality, with none of the videos meeting all criteria. The videos achieved a mean rating of 38.2 points (SD: 6.5 points; possible range: 20-60 points). Journalism-based videos showed the most views per days, particularly surpassing those from hospitals or health insurance providers (Kruskal-Wallis-Test: z = 3.14, P = .02). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between video quality and the type of provider or interaction indices. Videos retrieved under the search term “CM” generally scored higher in quality than those under “AM” (Mann-Whitney U test: U = 39.5, P = .04). Nonetheless, "CM" videos were less frequently viewed (Mann-Whitney U test: U = 31.0, P = .01). Conclusion: This study, the first of its kind focusing on CAM in cancer care emphasized the challenges in identifying credible sources on social media platforms such as YouTube. The developed assessment tool offers a more detailed evaluation method for health-related videos but requires further refinement and testing. Collaboration between healthcare and media entities is suggested to improve the dissemination of reliable information on platforms like YouTube.