bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of reforestation after cuttings based on materials of open web-mapping services
Authors: Vagizov M R , Mihailova A A , Fetisova A A , Habirova A I , Vaisero O S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article considers the possibility of application of open cartographic materials for the analysis of reforestation on the territory of Sosnovsky subdivision of forest district in Priozersky district of the Leningrad region, after felling with a limitation of more than 15 years. With the increase in the pace of technological development, there is an annual increase in the natural resources of our planet and the consumption of wood resources, reforestation is a necessary part of the work after felling on the lands of the forest fund. However, studies based on the analysis of Earth remote sensing data allow us to conclude that there is no quality reforestation of forest land.
Vibration processes in the knife refining machines
Authors: Vikharev S N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
An object of research is a vibration of the stator of the knife refining machines and its interrelation with the factors which influences the course of refining among them are technical condition of a plate and change of characteristics of the ground material. The diagnostic model of process of refining is developed and positively approved. The new method of determination of degree of wear of the refining plate of refiners is offered. The new method of management of functioning of the knife refining machines is developed. It is shown that management of work on this indirect indicator is not worse, than the management based on the earlier known diagnostic signs of refiners functioning. The developed method of management is indispensible for the refiners with stepwise regulation of a gap, in a disk-conic refiners and in a dual refiners. Realization of this method under production conditions showed stable characteristics of a gain in degree of refining of a semi-finished fibrous product and decrease in specific power consumption during refining. The developed methods can be used in other branches of industry, for example, mining and metallurgy.
Research of a fibrous layer at refining in the refiners
Authors: Vikharev S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A subject of research – a fibrous layer in the refiners at refining. By means of the tension compression chart it is shown that parameters of a fibrous layer are adequately described by Maxwell-Thompson’s model for liquid friction and the Hooke model for boundary friction of a plate. Deborah’s number of a fibrous layer is also investigated. Deborah’s number of a fibrous layer at refining changes in the range from 7 to 2.1·106 and depends on a nature and concentration of the refining material, the angle of knife crossing, the frequency of rotation of rotor and width of the platform of contact. For decrease in power consumption at refining both chips and pulp of high concentration it is recommended to increase the speed of sliding of knife of rotor along stator knife. It is possible to reach by increase in frequency of rotation of rotor and by decrease of an angle of crossing of knife. At refining of pulp of low concentration for decrease in power consumption of refining it is recommended to reduce the frequency of rotation of rotor and to increase the angle of crossing of knife of rotor and stator. At the high density of contact of plate knife in the range from 5 to 106 of Deborah number the deformation component of friction coefficient decreases together with power consumption of refining process.
Quality and quantity of poplar plantations on postagrogenic land Northwest region of Russia
Authors: Zhigunov A V , Danilov D A , Navalikhin S V , Yu Janusz S , Yu Butenko O 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A study was carried out at the plantations of the genus Populus in the Leningrad Region, formed on lands previously used in agriculture, on soils underlain by carbonate rocks. It is noted that in the studied stands, stem phytomass is produced, exceeding the natural aspen forests in the studied area. Minor damage by stem rot is noted only in the fragrant poplar forest. An increase in the initial density of forests increases the density of poplar wood, but reduces the total stock of the stand and stem phytomass. The conducted studies have shown the promise of growingFirst sections in your paper.
A Novel Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for MMCs with Less Computation and Lower Switching Frequency
Authors: Gou Xin , Lu Jiping , Deng Wenling 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Aiming at the computation complexity and high switching frequency existing in conventional voltage balancing method of high-level modular multilevel converters (MMCs), a novel capacitor voltage balancing method based on insertion priorities of sub-modules (SMs) is proposed. Instead of sorting the voltage values of SMs, an Allowable Capacitor Voltage Distribution Band (ACVDB) is applied to constrain the fluctuation range of capacitor voltages. And the insertion priorities of SMs in current control cycle are determined by comparing their voltage values in last control cycle with the upper and lower limits of ACVDB respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by a 41-level MMC model in MATLAB/Simulink R2017a. Simulation results demonstrate that the switching frequency can be reduced significantly with an allowable deviation of capacitor voltages in both steady state and transient process.
An advanced incremental conductance MPPT technique considering time-varying solar irradiances
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Yu Samson Shenglong , Chau Tat Kei , Fernando Tyrone , Iu Herbert Ho-Ching 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
For most of Maximum Power Point (MPP) Tracking (MPPT) techniques, their design principle are based only on output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) panel under steady state, i.e., under constant solar irradiance. Because this steady state output characteristics do not describe how the operating point moves between different I-V curves under dynamic state, i.e., under varying solar irradiance, it inevitably results in poor dynamic performances or wrong perturbations. Focusing on this issue, in this paper, we propose the concepts of output characteristics of PV system which consist of two parts: output characteristics of PV system under steady state and output characteristics of PV system under dynamic state. Building on the output characteristics of PV system under two states, the widely used Incremental Conductance (Inc.Cond) technique is modified. Through simulation studies and the conventional Inc.Cond technique, the proposed advanced Inc.Cond technique retains good performances under steady state; under dynamic operation states, the MPPT performances are significantly improved.
Outset of multiple soliton solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the coupled Burgers equation
Authors: Akbar M Ali , Ali Norhashidah Hj Mohd , Tanjim Tasnim 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the coupled Burgers equation illustrate the status of quantum particles, shock waves, acoustic transmission and traffic flow. Therefore these equations are physically significant in their own right. In this article, the new auxiliary equation method has been contrivanced in order to rummage exact wave solutions to previously stated nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs). We have developed ample soliton solutions and have to do with the physical importance of the acquired solutions by setting the specific values of the embodied parameters through portraying figures and deciphered the physical phenomena. It has been established that the executed method is powerful, skilled to examine NLEEs, compatible to computer algebra and provides further general wave solutions. Thus, the investigation of exact solutions to other NLEES through the new auxiliary method is prospective and deserves further research.
Application of Different Standard Error Estimates in Reliable Change Methods
Authors: Hammers Dustin B , Duff Kevin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study attempted to clarify the applicability of standard error (SE) terms in clinical research when examining the impact of short-term practice effects on cognitive performance via reliable change methodology.

Method
This study compared McSweeney’s SE of the estimate (SEest) to Crawford and Howell’s SE for prediction of the regression (SEpred) using a developmental sample of 167 participants with either normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) assessed twice over 1 week. One-week practice effects in older adults: Tools for assessing cognitive change. Using these SEs, previously published standardized regression-based (SRB) reliable change prediction equations were then applied to an independent sample of 143 participants with MCI.

Results
This clinical developmental sample yielded nearly identical SE values (e.g., 3.697 vs. 3.719 for HVLT-R Total Recall SEest and SEpred, respectively), and the resultant SRB-based discrepancy z scores were comparable and strongly correlated (r = 1.0, p &lt; .001). Consequently, observed follow-up scores for our sample with MCI were consistently below expectation compared to predictions based on Duff’s SRB algorithms.

Conclusions
These results appear to replicate and extend previous work showing that the calculation of the SEest and SEpred from a clinical sample of cognitively intact and MCI participants yields similar values and can be incorporated into SRB reliable change statistics with comparable results. As a result, neuropsychologists utilizing reliable change methods in research investigation (or clinical practice) should carefully balance mathematical accuracy and ease of use, among other factors, when determining which SE metric to use.
Evidence for rapid phenotypic and behavioural shifts in a recently established cavefish population
Authors: McGaugh Suzanne E , Weaver Sam , Gilbertson Erin N , Garrett Brianna , Rudeen Melissa L , Grieb Stephanie , Roberts Jennifer , Donny Alexandra , Marchetto Peter , Gluesenkamp Andrew G 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCave colonization offers a natural laboratory to study an extreme environmental shift, and diverse cave species from around the world often have converged on robust morphological, physiological and behavioural traits. The Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus) has repeatedly colonized caves in the Sierra de El Abra and Sierra de Guatemala regions of north-east Mexico ~0.20–1 Mya, indicating an ability to adapt to the cave environment. The time frame for the evolution of these traits in any cave animal, however, is poorly understood. Astyanax mexicanus from the Río Grande in South Texas were brought to Central Texas beginning in the early 1900s and colonized underground environments. Here, we investigate whether phenotypic and behavioural differences have occurred rapidly between a surface population and a geographically proximate cave population, probably of recent origin. Fish from the cave and surface populations differ significantly in morphological traits, including coloration, lateral line expansion and dorsal fin placement. Striking behavioural shifts in aggression, feeding and wall-following have also occurred. Together, our results suggest that morphological and behavioural changes accompanying cave colonization can be established rapidly, and this system offers an exciting and unique opportunity for isolating the genetic and environmental contributions to colonization of extreme environments.
Criminology in the Arab World: Misconceptions, Nuances and Future Prospects
Authors: Ouassini Nabil , Ouassini Anwar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the protests that occurred throughout the Arab world, the criminal justice system has been the focal contention between citizens and the state. However, the notoriety of Arab regimes has compelled academics to devote their endeavours to political/religious violence, economic development/stagnation and the durability of undemocratic systems that has inhibited the production of criminological scholarship. The study of criminology in the Arab world is critical and necessitates special attention. The following article propounds the establishment of an Arab criminology sub-field that highlights strategies in research in the region, evaluates the current approaches, addresses the challenges and examines its implications on southern, international and comparative criminology.
Spontaneous coronary artery wall haematoma: success of conservative management despite alarming extension: a case report
Authors: Ndao Serigne Cheikh Tidiane , Zabalawi Amer , Gilard Martine 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a particular mode of presentation of acute coronary syndrome. It preferentially affects the young woman with little or no classical risk factor for atheromatous disease.

Case summary
In this report, we present a classical non-ST-segment myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) condition in link with a spontaneous coronary artery wall haematoma. A 43-year-old female patient who did not have any risk factors for atheromatous disease presented with NSTEMI. The coronary angiogram (CA) revealed a moderate smooth stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) that ended just before the take-off of a septal branch. Intracoronary imaging by optical coherence tomography (OCT) visualized a large intramural haematoma reducing the coronary artery lumen. The patient was managed conservatively with antithrombotic regimen, nitrates, and close monitoring with repeated CA. Evolution was favourable despite striking extension of coronary haematoma towards distal LAD. She was then discharged and has been asymptomatic on follow-up visits. Planned repeat CA and OCT at 3 months showed a quite normal coronary artery appearance of the LAD with significant regression of haematoma.

Discussion
Precise data regarding SCAD epidemiology remains to be determined. The angiographic pattern of our case recalls the Type 2 described by Saw team. But OCT was necessary to confirm the diagnosis. We manage our patient conservatively with close monitoring, as largely suggested by current state of the art, regarding the good haemodynamic status, and absence of ongoing ischaemia despite an evolution severe stenosis.
Socioeconomic differences in outcomes after hospital admission for atrial fibrillation or flutter
Authors: Hagengaard Louise , Andersen Mikkel Porsborg , Polcwiartek Christoffer , Larsen Jacob Mosgaard , Larsen Mogens Lytken , Skals Regitze Kuhr , Hansen Steen Møller , Riahi Sam , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Søgaard Peter , Kragholm Kristian Hay 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
To examine socioeconomic differences in care and outcomes in a 1-year period beginning 30 days after hospital discharge for first-time atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF) hospitalization.

Methods and results
This nationwide register-based follow-up cohort study investigated AF 30-day discharge survivors in Denmark during 2005–2014 and examined associations between patient’s socioeconomic status (SES) and selected outcomes during a 1-year follow-up period beginning 30 days post-discharge after first-time hospitalization for AF. Patient SES was defined in four groups (lowest, second lowest, second highest, and highest) according to each patient’s equivalized income. SES of the included 150 544 patients was: 27.7% lowest (n = 41 648), 28.1% second lowest (n = 42 321), 23.7% second highest (n = 35 656), and 20.5% highest (n = 30 919). Patients of lowest SES were older and more often women. Within 1-year follow-up, patients of lowest SES were less often rehospitalized or seen in outpatient clinics due to AF, or treated with cardioversion or ablation and were slightly more often diagnosed with stroke and heart failure (HF) and significantly more likely to die (16.1% vs. 14.9%, 11.3% and 8.1%). Hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 0.64 (95% confidence interval 0.61–0.68) for highest vs. lowest SES, adjusted for CHA2DS2-VASc score, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rate- and rhythm-controlling drugs, and cohabitation status.

Conclusion
In 30-day survivors of first-time hospitalization due to AF, lowest SES is associated with increased 1-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and fewer cardioversions, ablations, readmissions, and outpatient contacts due to AF. Our findings indicate a need for socially differentiated rehabilitation following hospital discharge for first-time AF.
The Paradox of National Registration in a Liberal State: The Case of Wartime National Registers in Great Britain, 1915–52
Authors: Bellamy Christine 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article traces the history of British government policy on wartime national registration from 1915 to 1952. In contrast to accounts that emphasise the significance of registration for the development of an ‘information state’, it explores the implications of the fundamental paradox in national registration in a liberal state. That is, the distinctive value of a register lies in its continuing accuracy and comprehensiveness; but these properties depend on wholesale and continuing compliance with the bureaucratic demands of a tool widely regarded in Whitehall as intrusive, coercive and unpopular. The register used in the First World War never recovered from Whitehall’s unwillingness to enforce it, and preparations for registration in a second major war were frustrated by the reluctance of its principal users—those responsible for military conscription and food rationing—to be closely associated with it or dependent on it. The article explains why a robust register was nevertheless set up in 1939, but suggests, too, that the capabilities it offered to identify and trace people were less warmly welcomed and extensively exploited by other government services than is often assumed. Furthermore, the perceived need to maximise trust in its confidentiality restricted the disclosure of information recorded in the register to other public agencies, especially the police. The overall thrust of the article, then, is to cast doubt on whether the wartime national registers in the Great Britain could have developed into a formative pillar of an emergent information state.
Mentally Challenging Occupations Are Associated With More Rapid Cognitive Decline at Later Stages of Cognitive Aging
Authors: Hyun Jinshil , Katz Mindy J , Lipton Richard B , Sliwinski Martin J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Engaging in mentally challenging activities is associated with reduced risk for cognitive impairment and dementia; however, its association with rates of cognitive decline has been inconsistent. The aim of this study is to test whether working in mentally challenging occupations is related to rates of cognitive change at later older adulthood.

Method
The sample consisted of 1,520 individuals (baseline mean age = 78.6 ± 5.1, range = 64–100) from the Einstein Aging Study. Occupation information of each participant was collected retrospectively and linked with the substantive complexity of work score from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Cognitive changes in memory, speed, and executive function (EF) domains were represented using two time metrics (i.e., time from retirement, time from study enrollment).

Results
Results from mixed models showed that occupational complexity was associated with significantly faster rates of cognitive decline in speed and EF in the “time from retirement” model but not in the “time from baseline” model. Despite faster cognitive loss, the protective effect of occupational complexity persisted for decades after retirement due to higher initial levels of cognition.

Discussion
The result suggests that protective factors for cognitive health may be associated with delayed onset but more rapid cognitive decline afterwards at later stages of cognitive aging.
Product market competition and employer provided training in Germany
Authors: Heywood John S , Jirjahn Uwe , Pfister Annika 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing German establishment data, this article examines the relationship between product market competition and the extent of employer provided training. We demonstrate that high product market competition is associated with increased training except when the competition is so severe as to threaten liquidation to a firm. We take this as evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship. We also make clear that while this relationship is very evident for the service sector, it is far less evident for manufacturing where we largely confirm earlier results of no relationship.
A sea of tentacles: optically discernible traits resolved from planktonic organisms in situ
Authors: Ohman Mark D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Trait-based simplifications of plankton community structure require accurate assessment of trait values as expressed in situ. Yet planktonic organisms live suspended in a fluid medium and often bear elongate appendages, delicate feeding structures, and mucous houses that are badly damaged upon capture or removal from the fluid environment. Fixatives further distort organisms. In situ imaging of zooplankton from a fully autonomous Zooglider reveals a suite of trait characteristics that often differ markedly from those inferred from conventionally sampled plankton. In situ images show fragile feeding appendages in natural hunting postures, including reticulate networks of rhizopods, feeding tentacles of cnidarians, and tentilla of ctenophores; defensive spines and setae of copepods; intact mucous houses of appendicularians; and other structures that are not discernible in conventionally collected zooplankton. Postures characteristic of dormant copepods can be identified and the presence of egg sacs detected. Intact, elongate diatom chains that are much longer than measured in sampled specimens are resolvable in situ. The ability to image marine snow, as well as small-scale fluid deformations, reveals micro-habitat structure that may alter organismal behaviour. Trait-based representations of planktonic organisms in biogeochemical cycles need to consider naturally occurring traits expressed by freely suspended planktonic organisms in situ.