bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical compression stockings on the skin moisture in patients with	chronic venous disease
Authors: Westphal Thea , Konschake Wolfgang , Haase Hermann , Vollmer Marcus , Jünger Michael , Riebe Helene 
Published: July 2019

Summary: Background: Because of side effects like skin dryness and consecutive symptoms like itching the therapy of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) with medical compression stockings (MCS) can lead to a diminished wear comfort and restricted compliance. Compression stockings with integrated skin care may have a positive influence on the skin hydration and moreover a positive effect on patients compliance. Patients and methods: In this monocentric, randomized prospective, controlled trial a below knee conventional MCS was compared to a medical compression stocking with integrated skin care (MCS-SC), interface pressure range 23–32 mmHg. Participants: 50 patients with CVI. Primary outcome: skin hydration. Secondary outcomes: transepidermal water loss, skin roughness, leg volume, interface pressure and questionnaires about quality of life and wear comfort. Results: In patients wearing MCS the skin moisture decreased (p = 0.021) and the skin roughness increased significantly (p = 0.001), whereas in patients wearing the MCS-SC skin moisture and skin roughness changed only slightly (n.s.). These protective effects of MCS-SC compared to MCS were most common in patients with CVI at stage 3 (p = 0.046), in male patients (p = 0.013) and patients with initial dry skin (p = 0.034). Both MCS reduced lower leg volume, MCS by 80 ml (p < 0.001) and MCS-SC by 60 ml (p < 0.001), both MCS improved quality of life: leg complaints (p = 0.0003); functional status (p = 0.010), well-being and life satisfaction (p = 0.030). Wear comfort: In terms of tightness, constriction in bond area and strenuous donning the MCS-SC was assessed significantly more comfortable than MCS (p < 0.001). Conclusions: MCS-SC revealed to be superior to MCS with regard to skin moisture, particularly in patients with low skin humidity, in male patients and in patients with C3, varicose veins accompanied by edema.
Three‐Dimensional S Velocity Structure of the Mantle Transition Zone Beneath Central America and the Gulf of Mexico Inferred Using Waveform Inversion
Authors: Borgeaud Anselme F. E. , Kawai Kenji , Geller Robert J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTravel time tomography studies have reported various modes of subduction of slabs around the mantle transition zone, but the causes of this variability are still controversial. In order to place additional constraints on the style of subduction in and near the mantle transition zone, we apply waveform inversion to S wave triplications due to the 410‐ and 660‐km discontinuities, and infer the regional three‐dimensional S velocity structure in the depth range 370–820 km beneath Central America and the Gulf of Mexico. We use ~3,400 transverse component records at epicentral distances 17–30° from 20 intermediate focus earthquakes beneath Central America recorded at stations of the USArray and other smaller networks. We filter the records between 20 and 100 s, and use the portions of the waveforms from 10 s before to ~40–80 s after the arrival of the direct S wave, thereby including the S wave triplications while excluding the sS depth phase. We correct the data for the structure above our target region using previous S velocity models, and we show that the results of the inversion do not depend heavily on which correction is used. Resolution tests confirm that we can resolve small‐scale structure in the target region. Our inferred models show that the Cocos slab penetrates into the lower mantle, but with important variations along the Middle America Trench in the subduction style of the slab. We suggest that this variability could be due to the thermal structure of the Cocos slab, and to the interaction of the slab with a possible lower mantle plume.
A Geostatistical Framework for Quantifying the Imprint of Mesoscale Atmospheric Transport on Satellite Trace Gas Retrievals
Authors: Torres Anthony D. , Keppel‐Aleks Gretchen , Doney Scott C. , Fendrock Michaela , Luis Kelly , De Mazière Martine , Hase Frank , Petri Christof , Pollard David F. , Roehl Coleen M. , Sussmann Ralf , Velazco Voltaire A. , Warneke Thorsten , Wunch Debra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNational Aeronautics and Space Administration's Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) satellite provides observations of total column‐averaged CO2 mole fractions (
) at high spatial resolution that may enable novel constraints on surface‐atmosphere carbon fluxes. Atmospheric inverse modeling provides an approach to optimize surface fluxes at regional scales, but the accuracy of the fluxes from inversion frameworks depends on key inputs, including spatially and temporally dense CO2 observations and reliable representations of atmospheric transport. Since
observations are sensitive to both synoptic and mesoscale variations within the free troposphere, horizontal atmospheric transport imparts substantial variations in these data and must be either resolved explicitly by the atmospheric transport model or accounted for within the error covariance budget provided to inverse frameworks. Here, we used geostatistical techniques to quantify the imprint of atmospheric transport in along‐track OCO‐2 soundings. We compare high‐pass‐filtered (<250 km, spatial scales that primarily isolate mesoscale or finer‐scale variations) along‐track spatial variability in
and
from OCO‐2 tracks to temporal synoptic and mesoscale variability from ground‐based
and
observed by nearby Total Carbon Column Observing Network sites. Mesoscale atmospheric transport is found to be the primary driver of along‐track, high‐frequency variability for OCO‐2
. For
, both mesoscale transport variability and spatially coherent bias associated with other elements of the OCO‐2 retrieval state vector are important drivers of the along‐track variance budget.
Dynamic Wedge Failure and Along‐Arc Variations of Tsunamigenesis in the Japan Trench Margin
Authors: Ma Shuo , Nie Shiying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElastic dislocation models require large near‐trench slip to explain large tsunamigenesis, which is probably best exemplified in the 2011 M9 Tohoku earthquake. However, it is puzzling that the largest Tohoku tsunami heights occurred about 100 km north of the largest slip zone, where bathymetric surveys indicate no large slip at the trench or submarine landslides. Here we show that coseismic yielding of plentiful sediments in the northern Japan Trench margin can induce large inelastic uplift landward from the trench and diminish slip near the trench. The scarcity of sediments in the south leads to nearly elastic response with large slip at the trench and mostly horizontal seafloor displacement. Thus, the variations of sediments along the Japan Trench and sediment yielding can explain the puzzling variations of tsunamigenesis and near‐trench slip in this earthquake. Inelastic wedge deformation can be an important mechanism of tsunamigenesis in accretionary and other sediment‐filled plate margins.
Meteor Radar Estimations of Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes: Evaluation Using Simulations and Observations Over Three Tropical Locations
Authors: Pramitha M. , Kishore Kumar K. , Venkat Ratnam M. , Rao S. Vijaya Bhaskara , Ramkumar Geetha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMeteor radars are widely used to study gravity wave (GW) variances and their momentum fluxes at the altitudes where meteor counts are sufficient to yield good statistical fits to the data. These radars provide hourly zonal and meridional wind observations round the clock in 80‐ to 100‐km height domain. However, the capability of meteor radars in estimating GW momentum fluxes should be evaluated before they can be used for any research applications. In this regard, the present study evaluates the meteor radar observations of GW momentum fluxes obtained from Thumba (8.5°N, 77°E; 2006–2015), Kototabang (0.2°S, 100.3°E; 2002–2017), and Tirupati (13.63°N, 79.4°E; 2013–2018) using three‐dimensional wind field simulations, which include specified tidal, planetary and GW fields. A modified composite day analysis is adopted to estimate the GW momentum fluxes, which also accounts for the tidal and planetary wave contributions. The results showed that the retrieved and specified GW momentum fluxes agree very well over Tirupati followed by Thumba and Kototabang. It is noted that the agreement between the retrieved and simulated fields depend on the number of meteor detections used in the analysis. After evaluating the meteor radar retrieved GW momentum fluxes by employing simulations, their interannual variability and climatologies over the three observational locations are constructed. The significance of the present study lies in evaluating the capability of three meteor radars located in equatorial and low‐latitudes in estimating GW momentum fluxes by employing three‐dimensional wind field simulations with specified mean winds, tidal, planetary, and GW fields.
Particle Orbits at the Magnetopause: Kelvin‐Helmholtz Induced Trapping
Authors: Leroy M. H. J. , Ripperda B. , Keppens R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability is a known mechanism for penetration of solar wind matter into the magnetosphere. Using three‐dimensional, resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations, the double midlatitude reconnection (DMLR) process was shown to efficiently exchange solar wind matter into the magnetosphere, through mixing and reconnection. Here we compute test particle orbits through DMLR configurations. In the instantaneous electromagnetic fields, charged particle trajectories are integrated using the guiding center approximation. The mechanisms involved in the electron particle orbits and their kinetic energy evolutions are studied in detail, to identify specific signatures of the DMLR through particle characteristics. The charged particle orbits are influenced mainly by magnetic curvature drifts. We identify complex, temporarily trapped trajectories where the combined electric field and (reconnected) magnetic field variations realize local cavities where particles gain energy before escaping. By comparing the orbits in strongly deformed fields due to the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability development, with the textbook mirror‐drift orbits resulting from our initial configuration, we identify effects due to current sheets formed in the DMLR process. We do this in various representative stages during the DMLR development.
Investigation of Single‐Station Classification for Short Tectonic Tremor in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Yi‐Hung , Yeh Ting‐Chen , Chen Kate Huihsuan , Chen Yaochieh , Yen Yuan‐Yi , Yen Horng‐Yuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTectonic tremor in Taiwan is known for its short duration and weak amplitude. Recent observations from the mountain area (Central Range) allows us to document such type of tectonic tremor recorded at a close distance and to investigate a single station technique for a minute‐long tremor. To effectively distinguish tremor from earthquakes and noise, we applied the Fisher's class separability criterion to automatically select the optimal feature subset from a set of commonly adopted feature candidates. During the study period of 1 January to 16 September 2016 when a local seismic array was deployed, we successfully differentiated tremor from local earthquakes and noise with high accuracy of 86.6% to 98.9% from three stations using a k‐nearest neighbors classifier. Other than the maximum amplitude, number of peaks, and energy of the 2‐ to 8‐Hz passband, the spikiness of discrete Fourier transforms median in time is also found to be important to separate tremor from noise.
Balancing Accuracy, Efficiency, and Flexibility in Radiation Calculations for Dynamical Models
Authors: Pincus Robert , Mlawer Eli J. , Delamere Jennifer S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the initial implementation of a new toolbox that seeks to balance accuracy, efficiency, and flexibility in radiation calculations for dynamical models. The toolbox consists of two related code bases: Radiative Transfer for Energetics (RTE), which computes fluxes given a radiative transfer problem defined in terms of optical properties, boundary conditions, and source functions; and RRTM for General circulation model applications—Parallel (RRTMGP), which combines data and algorithms to map a physical description of the gaseous atmosphere into such a radiative transfer problem. The toolbox is an implementation of well‐established ideas, including the use of a k‐distribution to represent the spectral variation of absorption by gases and the use of two‐stream, plane‐parallel methods for solving the radiative transfer equation. The focus is instead on accuracy, by basing the k‐distribution on state‐of‐the‐art spectroscopy and on the sometimes‐conflicting goals of flexibility and efficiency. Flexibility is facilitated by making extensive use of computational objects encompassing code and data, the latter provisioned at runtime and potentially tailored to specific problems. The computational objects provide robust access to a set of high‐efficiency computational kernels that can be adapted to new computational environments. Accuracy is obtained by careful choice of algorithms and through tuning and validation of the k‐distribution against benchmark calculations. Flexibility with respect to the host model implies user responsibility for maps between clouds and aerosols and the radiative transfer problem, although comprehensive examples are provided for clouds.
Multiscale Digital Porous Rock Reconstruction Using Template Matching
Authors: Lin W. , Li X. , Yang Z. , Manga M. , Fu X. , Xiong S. , Gong A. , Chen G. , Li H. , Pei L. , Li S. , Zhao X. , Wang X. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRocks are heterogeneous multiscale porous media: two rock samples with identical bulk properties can vary widely in microstructure. The advent of digital rock technology and modern 3‐D printing provides new opportunities to replicate rocks. However, the inherent trade‐off between imaging resolution and sample size limits the scales over which microstructure and macrostructure can be identified and related to each other. Here, we develop a multiscale digital rock construction strategy by combining X‐ray computed microtomography and focused‐ion beam (FIB)‐scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, and we apply the technique to a tight sandstone. The computed tomography (CT) scanning images characterize macroscale pore structures, while the FIB‐SEM images capture microscale pore textures. The FIB‐SEM images are then coupled to CT images via a template‐matching algorithm and superposition. Bulk properties, including porosity and pore and throat size distribution, can be recovered with this approach. Permeability prediction with a pore network model for the largest connected pore network are 3 orders and 1 order of magnitude greater than the bulk rock measured value using the CT‐only and the SEM‐CT coupled images, respectively.
Correction: Systemically administered peptain-1 inhibits retinal ganglion cell death in animal models: implications for neuroprotection in glaucoma
Authors: Stankowska Dorota L. , Nam Mi-Hyun , Nahomi Rooban B. , Chaphalkar Renuka M. , Nandi Sandip K. , Fudala Rafal , Krishnamoorthy Raghu R. , Nagaraj Ram H. 
Published: July 2019

Following publication of the original article, the authors noticed that scale bars were missing in Fig. 7 and four labels in Fig. 2c.The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Cell-type-specific resolution epigenetics without the need for cell sorting or single-cell biology
Authors: Rahmani Elior , Schweiger Regev , Rhead Brooke , Criswell Lindsey A. , Barcellos Lisa F. , Eskin Eleazar , Rosset Saharon , Sankararaman Sriram , Halperin Eran 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigh costs and technical limitations of cell sorting and single-cell techniques currently restrict the collection of large-scale, cell-type-specific DNA methylation data. This, in turn, impedes our ability to tackle key biological questions that pertain to variation within a population, such as identification of disease-associated genes at a cell-type-specific resolution. Here, we show mathematically and empirically that cell-type-specific methylation levels of an individual can be learned from its tissue-level bulk data, conceptually emulating the case where the individual has been profiled with a single-cell resolution and then signals were aggregated in each cell population separately. Provided with this unprecedented way to perform powerful large-scale epigenetic studies with cell-type-specific resolution, we revisit previous studies with tissue-level bulk methylation and reveal novel associations with leukocyte composition in blood and with rheumatoid arthritis. For the latter, we further show consistency with validation data collected from sorted leukocyte sub-types.
Sequencing of Chinese castor lines reveals genetic signatures of selection and yield-associated loci
Authors: Fan Wei , Lu Jianjun , Pan Cheng , Tan Meilian , Lin Qiang , Liu Wanfei , Li Donghai , Wang Lijun , Hu Lianlian , Wang Lei , Chen Chen , Wu Aimin , Yu Xinxin , Ruan Jue , Yu Jun , Hu Songnian , Yan Xingchu , Lü Shiyou , Cui Peng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOil produced by castor (Ricinus communis) has broad industrial applications. However, knowledge on the genetic diversity, especially genetic alterations that occurred during domestication and subsequent traits selection, of this oil crop is limited. Here, our population genomics analyses show that the Chinese castors have developed a geographic pattern, classified into the southern-, the middle-, and the northern-China groups. We detect a number of candidate genomic loci that are associated with the selection signals during the geographical differentiation and domestication. Using genome-wide association analysis, we identify candidate genes associated with nine agronomically important traits. One of the candidate genes encoding a glycosyltransferase related to cellulose and lignin biosynthesis is associated with both capsule dehiscence and endocarp thickness. We hypothesize that the abundance of cellulose or lignin in endocarp is an important factor for capsule dehiscence. Our results provide foundation for castor breeding and genetic study.
Fast and covariate-adaptive method amplifies detection power in large-scale multiple hypothesis testing
Authors: Zhang Martin J. , Xia Fei , Zou James 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultiple hypothesis testing is an essential component of modern data science. In many settings, in addition to thep-value, additional covariates for each hypothesis are available, e.g., functional annotation of variants in genome-wide association studies. Such information is ignored by popular multiple testing approaches such as the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure (BH). Here we introduce , a fast and flexible method that adaptively learns the optimalp-value threshold from covariates to significantly improve detection power. On eQTL analysis of the GTEx data, discovers 32% more associations than BH at the same false discovery rate. We prove that controls false discovery proportion and show that it makes substantially more discoveries while controlling false discovery rate (FDR) in extensive experiments. is computationally efficient and allows multi-dimensional covariates with both numeric and categorical values, making it broadly useful across many applications.
Standard screening methods underreport AAV-mediated transduction and gene editing
Authors: Lang Jonathan F. , Toulmin Sushila A. , Brida Kasey L. , Eisenlohr Laurence C. , Davidson Beverly L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConventional methods to discern adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector transduction patterns are based on high, stable expression of a reporter gene. As a consequence, conventionally described tropisms omit cell types that undergo transient transduction, or have low but undetectable levels of reporter expression. This creates a blind spot for AAV-based genome editing applications because only minimal transgene expression is required for activity. Here, we use editing-reporter mice to fill this void. Our approach sensitively captures both high and low transgene expression from AAV vectors. Using AAV8 and other serotypes, we demonstrate the superiority of the approach in a side-by-side comparison with traditional methods, demonstrate numerous, previously unknown sites of AAV targeting, and better predict the gene editing footprint after AAV-CRISPR delivery. We anticipate that this system, which captures the full spectrum of transduction patterns from AAV vectors in vivo, will be foundational to current and emerging AAV technologies.
A highly transparent and ultra-stretchable conductor with stable conductivity during large deformation
Authors: Lei Zhouyue , Wu Peiyi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntrinsically stretchable conductors have undergone rapid development in the past few years and a variety of strategies have been established to improve their electro-mechanical properties. However, ranging from electronically to ionically conductive materials, they are usually vulnerable either to large deformation or at high/low temperatures, mainly due to the fact that conductive domains are generally incompatible with neighboring elastic networks. This is a problem that is usually overlooked and remains challenging to address. Here, we introduce synergistic effect between conductive zwitterionic nanochannels and dynamic hydrogen-bonding networks to break the limitations. The conductor is highly transparent (>90% transmittance), ultra-stretchable (>10,000% strain), high-modulus (>2 MPa Young’s modulus), self-healing, and capable of maintaining stable conductivity during large deformation and at different temperatures. Transparent integrated systems are further demonstrated via 3D printing of its precursor and could achieve diverse sensory capabilities towards strain, temperature, humidity, etc., and even recognition of different liquids.
Increased autophagy in EphrinB2-deficient osteocytes is associated with elevated secondary mineralization and brittle bone
Authors: Vrahnas Christina , Blank Martha , Dite Toby A. , Tatarczuch Liliana , Ansari Niloufar , Crimeen-Irwin Blessing , Nguyen Huynh , Forwood Mark R. , Hu Yifang , Ikegame Mika , Bambery Keith R. , Petibois Cyril , Mackie Eleanor J. , Tobin Mark J. , Smyth Gordon K. , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Martin T. John , Sims Natalie A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMineralized bone forms when collagen-containing osteoid accrues mineral crystals. This is initiated rapidly (primary mineralization), and continues slowly (secondary mineralization) until bone is remodeled. The interconnected osteocyte network within the bone matrix differentiates from bone-forming osteoblasts; although osteoblast differentiation requires EphrinB2, osteocytes retain its expression. Here we report brittle bones in mice with osteocyte-targeted EphrinB2 deletion. This is not caused by low bone mass, but by defective bone material. While osteoid mineralization is initiated at normal rate, mineral accrual is accelerated, indicating that EphrinB2 in osteocytes limits mineral accumulation. No known regulators of mineralization are modified in the brittle cortical bone but a cluster of autophagy-associated genes are dysregulated. EphrinB2-deficient osteocytes displayed more autophagosomes in vivo and in vitro, and EphrinB2-Fc treatment suppresses autophagy in a RhoA-ROCK dependent manner. We conclude that secondary mineralization involves EphrinB2-RhoA-limited autophagy in osteocytes, and disruption leads to a bone fragility independent of bone mass.