bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Different Types of ENSO Events on Thermocline Variability in the Southern Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Yang G. , Liu L. , Zhao X. , Li Y. , Duan Y. , Liu B. , Huang K. , Yu W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRemarkable interannual variability in the thermocline depth in the southern tropical Indian Ocean (STIO) is analyzed using reanalysis data during 1980–2017. Previous studies have shown that the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a significant relationship with thermocline depth anomalies in this region. We find that both the eastern‐Pacific (EP) and central‐Pacific (CP) ENSO have important impacts on the STIO thermocline variation. The positive and negative phases of thermocline anomalies in the STIO are induced by asymmetric forcings from the two phases of ENSO. EP‐El Niño and CP‐La Niña events tend to induce larger thermocline depth anomalies in the STIO. Equatorial westerly and STIO anticyclonic winds during EP‐El Niño events can induce downwelling Rossby waves that extend far toward the western Indian Ocean, which dominates the westward propagation of thermocline anomalies, while upwelling Rossby waves during CP‐La Niña events cannot extend that far west.
Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances and Ionospheric Perturbations Associated With Solar Flares in September 2017
Authors: Zhang Shun‐Rong , Coster Anthea J. , Erickson Philip J. , Goncharenko Larisa P. , Rideout William , Vierinen Juha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSolar flares provide strong impulsive radiation and energy injection to the sunlit upper atmosphere. The impact on the ionosphere is immense in spatial scale, and therefore, it is not immediately evident if dramatically elevated neutral heating can lead to excitation of acoustic gravity waves. Using primary observations from Global Navigation Satellite System differential TEC (total electron content) over the continental United States, this paper presents postflare ionospheric observations associated with three X‐class flares on 6, 7, and 10 September 2017. Postflare ionospheric changes had two significant morphological characteristics: (1) A few minutes after the X9.3 flare peak on 6 September, clear traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID) fronts emanated near the sunrise terminator with alignment parallel to its direction—TIDs propagated predominantly eastward into the dayside with a 150 m/s phase speed and a ∼30‐min period; (2) synchronized differential TEC oscillations over continental United States with ∼60‐min periodicity and damping amplitude over time, following all three X‐class flares. Postflare ionospheric oscillation spectra exhibited significantly enhanced amplitudes and changes of periodicities (including the appearance of the 60‐min oscillations). The Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar observed large ionospheric up‐welling occurring nearly simultaneously as detected TIDs at the X9.3 flare peak, with up to 80 m/s enhancements in vertical drift at 500 km lasting for ∼30 min. Results suggest that significant solar flare heating and associated dynamical effects may be an important factor in TID/acoustic gravity wave excitation.
Characteristics of Mars UV Dayglow Emissions From Atomic Oxygen at 130.4 and 135.6 nm: MAVEN/IUVS Limb Observations and Modeling
Authors: Ritter B. , Gérard J.‐C. , Gkouvelis L. , Hubert B. , Jain S.K. , Schneider N.M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present an overview of two Martian Years (MYs) oxygen dayglow limb observations of the ultraviolet (UV) emissions at 130.4 and 135.6 nm. The data have been collected with the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) instrument on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft. We use solar flux measurements of EUVM on board MAVEN to remove the solar‐induced variation and show the variations of the maximum limb brightness and altitude with season, solar zenith angle, and latitude, which reflects the strong variability of the Martian atmosphere. The 130.4‐ and 135.6‐nm peak brightness and altitudes are strongly correlated and behave similarly. Both emissions are modeled for selected data using Monte Carlo codes to calculate emissions arising from electron impact on O and CO2. Additional radiative transfer calculations are made to analyze the optically thick 130.4‐nm emission. Model atmospheres from the Mars Climate Database serve as input. Both simulated limb profiles are in good agreement with the observations despite some deviations. We furthermore show that the observed 130.4‐nm brightness is dominated by resonance scattering of the solar multiplet with a contribution (15–20%) by electron impact on O. Over 95% of the excitation at 135.6 nm arises from electron impact on O. Simulations indicate that the limb brightness is dependent on the oxygen and CO2 content, while the peak emission altitude is mainly driven by the CO2 content because of absorption processes. We deduce [O]/[CO2] mixing ratios of 3.1% and 3.0% at 130 km for data sets collected at LS = 350° in Martian years 32 and 33.
Energy Partitioning in Granular Flow Depends on Mineralogy via Nanoscale Plastic Work
Authors: Taylor S. E. , Brodsky E. E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGranular materials are central to a wide range of geologic concerns, but until now there has been no experimental or theoretical exploration of the relative influence of material characteristics typical of geological flows on overall rheology. Shearing samples from 50–300 rad/s under constant pressure 3.5 kPa, we measure dilation and fluctuation energy and establish what combination of parameters best predicts flow behavior. In fast granular flows, dilation results from fluctuation energy, but their precise relationship depends on dissipative processes. The best predictor of dissipation is characteristic length of plastic displacement, δ. Flows that have greater plastic deformation within grains (higher δ) dilate more for a given increase in fluctuation energy. This counterintuitive result likely stems from the reduced efficiency of energy transfer to more distant parts of the shear flow. The fact that mineralogy's effect on high‐velocity granular flows is captured by the material's propensity to absorb energy through plastic damage or release energy through fracture is useful for understanding energy partitioning in granular flows and predicting the shear behavior of a wide range of geological materials.
Complex Response of Sediment Phosphorus to Land Use and Management Within a River Network
Authors: Kreiling R. M. , Thoms M. C. , Bartsch L. A. , Richardson W. B. , Christensen V. G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRivers affected by anthropogenic nutrient inputs can retain some of the phosphorus (P) load through sediment retention and burial. Determining the influence of land use and management on sediment P concentrations and P retention in fluvial ecosystems is challenging because of different stressors operating at multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we sought to determine how land use and management influenced sediment P concentrations and P retention within a river network draining a watershed modified by mixed land use activities, the Fox River, Wisconsin, USA. Results show that current land use had no detectable effect on sediment P concentrations and only a small potential effect on P retention capacity. However, sites draining predominantly forested areas were associated with riverbed sediments less saturated in P, whereas sites draining mainly agricultural areas were more likely to release sediment‐bound P. Current management actions, including the implementation of best management practices, had a small positive effect on P retention capacity but had no observed effect on sediment P concentrations. Our results suggest that fine riverbed sediment throughout the Fox River network is saturated with P and has the capability to release P when water column P concentrations are low. These P‐saturated riverbed sediments represent a potential legacy effect of past land use disturbances on P dynamics in the Fox River network.
North Atlantic Evidence for a Unipolar Icehouse Climate State at the Eocene‐Oligocene Transition
Authors: Spray James F. , Bohaty Steven M. , Davies Andrew , Bailey Ian , Romans Brian W. , Cooper Matthew J. , Milton James A. , Wilson Paul A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEarth's climate transitioned from a warm unglaciated state to a colder glaciated “icehouse” state during the Cenozoic. Extensive ice sheets were first sustained on Antarctica at the Eocene‐Oligocene Transition (EOT, ~34 Ma), but there is intense debate over whether Northern Hemisphere ice sheets developed simultaneously at this time or tens of millions of years later. Here we report on EOT‐age sediments that contain detrital sand from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Sites U1406 and U1411 on the Newfoundland margin. These sites are ideally located to test competing hypotheses of the extent of Arctic glaciation, being situated in the North Atlantic's “iceberg alley” where icebergs, calved from both the Greenland Ice Sheet today, and the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the Pleistocene, are concentrated by the Labrador Current and deposit continentally derived detritus. Here we show that detrital sand grains present in these EOT‐aged sediments from the Newfoundland margin, initially interpreted to represent ice rafting, were sourced from the midlatitudes of North America. We find that these grains were transported to the western North Atlantic by fluvial and downslope processes, not icebergs, and were subsequently reworked and deposited by deep‐water contour currents on the Newfoundland margin. Our findings are inconsistent with the presence of extensive ice sheets on southern and western Greenland and the northeastern Canadian Arctic. This contradicts extensive bipolar glaciation at the EOT. The unipolar icehouse arose because of contrasting latitudinal continental configurations at the poles, requiring more intense Cenozoic climatic deterioration to trigger extensive Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
Ethical Considerations in Medication-Related Roles for Pediatric Primary Care Psychologists
Authors: Shahidullah Jeffrey D. , Hostutler Cody A. , Forman Susan G. 
Published: June 2019

Objective: There is a high prevalence of child and adolescent behavioral health needs that present in primary care, and these issues are commonly addressed using psychotropic medications. Although several collaborative and integrated psychotropic medication models have been proposed, there has been limited discussion of the complex ethical considerations related to these roles. Methods: This article examines ethical considerations that may occur related to medication-related roles for pediatric primary care psychologists, such as those described by Shahidullah, Hostutler, and Stancin (2018) in a recent volume of Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology. Results: This article delineates the use of decision-making models that may be helpful in adhering to best practice clinical and ethical guidelines within the interprofessional context of integrated primary care. Conclusions: Ethical principles, standards, guidelines, models, and competencies developed for psychologists and physicians, as well as those developed for interprofessional practice, are used in discussing case illustrations involving psychotropic medication management within integrated practices. Implications for Impact Statement Pediatric primary care psychologists undertaking collaborative medication-related roles with physicians are increasingly viewed as a necessary role to improve the standard of care to children and adolescents. Key ethical considerations include scope of practice and problem solving around treatment planning and implementation in conjunction with the physician, family, and patient. This article provides practitioners with a review of important ethical considerations, decision-making models, and clinical tools to facilitate adherence to best practice clinical and ethical guidelines within the interprofessional context of integrated primary care.
Pyrethroid exposure alters internal and cuticle surface bacterial communities in Anopheles albimanus
Authors: Dada Nsa , Lol Juan C , Benedict Ana Cristina , López Francisco , Sheth Mili , Dzuris Nicole , Padilla Norma , Lenhart Audrey 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance is needed to mitigate its threat to malaria vector control. Following previously identified associations between mosquito microbiota and insecticide resistance, we demonstrate for the first time, the effects of pyrethroid exposure on the microbiota of F1 progeny of field-collected Anopheles albimanus. Larval and adult mosquitoes were exposed to the pyrethroids alphacypermethrin (only adults), permethrin, and deltamethrin. While there were no significant differences in bacterial composition between insecticide-resistant and insecticide-susceptible mosquitoes, bacterial composition between insecticide-exposed and non-exposed mosquitoes was significantly different for alphacypermethrin and permethrin exposure. Along with other bacterial taxa not identified to species, Pantoea agglomerans (a known insecticide-degrading bacterial species) and Pseudomonas fragi were more abundant in insecticide-exposed compared to non-exposed adults, demonstrating that insecticide exposure can alter mosquito bacterial communities. We also show for the first time that the cuticle surfaces of both larval and adult An. albimanus harbor more diverse bacterial communities than their internal microbial niches. Together, these findings demonstrate how insecticide pressure could be selecting for certain bacteria within mosquitoes, especially insecticide-metabolizing bacteria, thus potentially contributing to insecticide resistance.
Survival of the simplest in microbial evolution
Authors: Held Torsten , Klemmer Daniel , Lässig Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe evolution of microbial and viral organisms often generates clonal interference, a mode of competition between genetic clades within a population. Here we show how interference impacts systems biology by constraining genetic and phenotypic complexity. Our analysis uses biophysically grounded evolutionary models for molecular phenotypes, such as fold stability and enzymatic activity of genes. We find a generic mode of phenotypic interference that couples the function of individual genes and the population’s global evolutionary dynamics. Biological implications of phenotypic interference include rapid collateral system degradation in adaptation experiments and long-term selection against genome complexity: each additional gene carries a cost proportional to the total number of genes. Recombination above a threshold rate can eliminate this cost, which establishes a universal, biophysically grounded scenario for the evolution of sex. In a broader context, our analysis suggests that the systems biology of microbes is strongly intertwined with their mode of evolution.
Unconventional topological phase transition in non-symmorphic material KHgX (X = As, Sb, Bi)
Authors: Kuo Chin-Shen , Chang Tay-Rong , Xu Su-Yang , Jeng Horng-Tay 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTraditionally topological phase transition describes an evolution from topological trivial to topological nontrivial state. Originated from the non-symmorphic crystalline symmetry, we propose in this work an unconventional topological phase transition scheme between two topological nontrivial insulating states mediated by a Dirac gapless state, differing from the traditional topological phase transition. The KHgX (X = As, Sb, Bi) family is the first experimentally realized topological non-symmorphic crystalline insulator (TNCI), where the topological surface states are characterized by the Mobius-twisted connectivity. Based on first-principles calculations, we present a topological insulator–metal transition from TNCI into a Dirac semimetal (DSM) via applying an external pressure on KHgX. We find an unusual mirror Chern number Cm = −3 for the DSM phase of KHgX in the non-symmorphic crystal structure, which is topologically distinct from the traditional DSM such as Na3Bi and Cd3As2. Furthermore, we predict a new TNCI phase in KHgX via symmetry breaking. The topological surface states in this new TNCI phase display zigzag connectivity, different from the unstressed one. Our results offer a comprehensive study for understanding how the topological surface states evolve from a quantum phase transition in non-symmorphic system.
Acoustic recordings and modeling under seasonally varying sea ice
Authors: Collins Michael D. , Turgut Altan , Menis Richard , Schindall Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAcoustic data from the Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment are discussed. These recordings were obtained under seasonally varying sea ice to the north of Alaska during a period of 154 days. They contain signals from sources that were deployed at ranges of 17.5, 29.6, and 237.8 km and ambient sounds from marine mammals and ice-related events. After the area was covered with ice, the amplitude of receptions from the most distant source gradually decreased as scattering features on the underside of the ice developed during fracturing, drifting, ridging, and rafting events. Improvements are presented for an Arctic acoustic model that is based on the parabolic equation method, and the approach is applied to a problem in which variable ice thickness acts as a loss mechanism by scattering energy out of the waveguide. Some of the recordings have a harmonic signature that is believed to be associated with the resonances of ice floes rubbing together, but variations in the harmonics over short time scales cannot be explained in terms of the resonances of an isolated floe. This behavior may be related to the coupling of vibrations at contact points that vary during the relative motions of floes.
Targeted repositioning identifies drugs that increase fibroblast growth factor 20 production and protect against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigral cell loss in rats
Authors: Fletcher Edward J. R. , Jamieson Aran D. , Williams Gareth , Doherty Patrick , Duty Susan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEndogenous fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20) supports maintenance of dopaminergic neurones within the nigrostriatal pathway. Moreover, direct intracerebral infusion of FGF20 protects against nigrostriatal tract loss in the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Increasing endogenous FGF20 production might provide a less-invasive, more translational way of providing such protection. Accordingly, we adopted a targeted repositioning approach to screen for candidate FDA-approved drugs with potential to enhance endogenous FGF20 production in brain. In silico interrogation of the Broad Institute’s Connectivity Map database (CMap), revealed 50 candidate drugs predicted to increase FGF20 transcription, 16 of which had profiles favourable for use in Parkinson’s disease. Of these, 11 drugs were found to significantly elevate FGF20 protein production in MCF-7 cells, between two- and four-fold. Four drugs were selected for examination in vivo. Following oral dosing in rats for 7 days, salbutamol and triflusal, but not dimethadione or trazodone, significantly elevated FGF20 levels in the nigrostriatal tract. Preliminary examination in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat revealed a modest but significant protection against nigral cell loss with both drugs. Our data demonstrate the power of targeted repositioning as a method to identify existing drugs that may combat disease progression in Parkinson’s by boosting FGF20 levels.
Identification of core genes and clinical roles in pregnancy-associated breast cancer based on integrated analysis of different microarray profile datasets
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Zhou Yan-Jun , Yu Zhi-Hao , Chen Ao-Xiang , Yu Yue , Wang Xin , Cao Xu-Chen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
More women are delaying child-birth. Thus, the diagnosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) will continue to increase. The aim of this study was to identify core candidate genes of PABC, and the relevance of the genes on the prognosis of PABC. GSE31192 and GSE53031 microarray profile datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the R package and GEO2R tool. Then, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Moreover, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and the Molecular Complex Detection Cytoscape software plug-in were utilized to visualize protein–protein interactions and to screen candidate genes. A total of 239 DEGs were identified in PABC, including 101 up-regulated genes mainly enriched in fatty acid activation and the fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway, while 138 down-regulated genes particularly involved in activation of DNA fragmentation factor and apoptosis-induced DNA fragmentation. Fourteen hub genes with a high degree of connectivity were selected, including CREB1, ARF3, UBA5, SIAH1, KLHL3, HECTD1, MMP9, TRIM69, MEX3C, ASB6, UBE2Q2, FBXO22, EIF4A3, and PXN. Overall survival (OS) analysis of core candidate genes was performed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and UALCAN websites. High ASB6 expression was associated with worse OS of PABC patients. Molecular subtypes and menopause status were also associated with worse OS for PABC patients. In conclusion, ASB6 could be a potential predictor and therapeutic target in patient with PABC.
The Speech-Language Pathologists' Role in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury for Middle and High School–Age Children: Viewpoints on Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: Brown Jessica , O'Brien Katy , Knollman-Porter Kelly , Wallace Tracey 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently released guidelines for rehabilitation professionals regarding the care of children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Given that mTBI impacts millions of children each year and can be particularly detrimental to children in middle and high school age groups, access to universal recommendations for management of postinjury symptoms is ideal.MethodThis viewpoint article examines the CDC guidelines and applies these recommendations directly to speech-language pathology practices. In particular, education, assessment, treatment, team management, and ongoing monitoring are discussed. In addition, suggested timelines regarding implementation of services by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are provided. Specific focus is placed on adolescents (i.e., middle and high school–age children).ResultsSLPs are critical members of the rehabilitation team working with children with mTBI and should be involved in education, symptom monitoring, and assessment early in the recovery process. SLPs can also provide unique insight into the cognitive and linguistic challenges of these students and can serve to bridge the gap among rehabilitation and school-based professionals, the adolescent with brain injury, and their parents.ConclusionThe guidelines provided by the CDC, along with evidence from the field of speech pathology, can guide SLPs to advocate for involvement in the care of adolescents with mTBI. More research is needed to enhance the evidence base for direct assessment and treatment with this population; however, SLPs can use their extensive knowledge and experience working with individuals with traumatic brain injury as a starting point for post-mTBI care.