bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portraying addiction as a disease: A phenomenological answer
Authors: Copoeru Ion 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper stems from the concern that, in certain situations, categorization may lead to the annihilation of the subject. It attempts to answer the question whether there is a way of framing addiction without necessarily putting the addicted persons in categories that hurt them. After showing, in the first section, how stigma is part of the process of becoming (and remaining) addicted, I will turn to the phenomenological tradition in order to re‐consider the main descriptive categories that have been used so far to capture addiction as a “pathological” or “deviant” experience. The second section addresses addiction as an experience of hetero‐transformation of the psycho‐physical unity of the individual, which presupposes a genuine sense of the power of the bodily subject, while the third focuses on the modifications of temporality in addiction, especially in the horizon of trauma. The paper concludes that understanding addiction depends on framing the experience of addiction primarily as a non‐pathological form of expression and looking at it as an attempt to restore the capabilities of a vulnerable subject.
Moritella viscosa in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Einarsdottir Thorbjorg , Sigurdardottir Heida , Bjornsdottir Thorunn Soley , Einarsdottir Elisabet 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWinter ulcer disease, caused by Moritella viscosa, is a significant problem in cold water salmonid farming, although the bacterium can infect and cause disease in a number of other fish species, such as lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). Lumpfish are used as cleaner fish, to eat sea lice from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in sea pens. It remains to be established whether M. viscosa can be transmitted between the fish species. In this study, we examined whether a salmon isolate of M. viscosa could infect and cause disease in lumpfish. We further examined whether a lumpfish isolate of M. viscosa could infect and cause disease in salmon. Finally, we examined whether vaccination of salmon with a salmon isolate of M. viscosa conferred protection against a lumpfish isolate. The data indicate that while lumpfish appeared to be resistant to a salmon isolate of M. viscosa, the salmon could be infected with a lumpfish isolate of M. viscosa. Vaccination protected the salmon against the salmon isolate of M. viscosa but did not confer sufficient protection to prevent infection with the lumpfish isolate.
The effect of non‐thermal processing on chemical constituents and antibacterial properties of turmeric rhizome volatile oil
Authors: Esmaeili Saeideh , Barzegar Mohsen , Sahari Mohammad Ali , Berenji‐Ardestani Samira , Sheikhi Azam 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe effect of gamma irradiation under various packaging atmospheres on chemical constituents and antibacterial properties of turmeric rhizome volatile oil has been studied. The turmeric rhizome powder was packaged under different atmospheres (air, N₂, and vacuum) by high‐barrier multilayered film (Pet/EVOH–PA/LDPE) and they were gamma irradiated at dose of 5, 10, and 15 kGy. According to the results, gamma irradiation under different atmospheres of packaging did not change antibacterial properties of the volatile oil. However, oxygenated sesquiterpenes which are the major chemical constituent of the volatile oil increased by irradiation significantly by 6.45% (at 15 kGy under air packaging) (p < .05). Also, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) was more effective to improve these active compounds, significantly (p < .05). Since gamma irradiation may cause chemical oxidation, isomerization, and hydroxylation of volatile oil's constituents, it concluded that these changes could be minimized under MAP in turmeric rhizome volatile oil, significantly.Practical applicationsIonizing radiation as a cold‐pasteurization method has widespread and growing applications in decontamination of spice and condiments but, there are lack of information or contradictory results on the effects of irradiation on chemical constituents and physicochemical properties of them. Our results showed that gamma irradiation caused quantitative not qualitative changes on chemical constituents of turmeric's volatile oil. Irradiation did not have effect on antibacterial properties of turmeric volatile oils in all doses under different packaging atmospheres. The outcome of this research demonstrated irradiation resulted in improving oxygenated sesquiterpenes contents which are the major components of turmeric volatile oil. It should be noted that irradiation under modified atmosphere (N2 and vacuum) was more effective in improving these constituents, too. Statistically, the effect of N2 and vacuum was the same but practically vacuum packaging is recommended.
Effect of organic matter and pH on the resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Derby in scalding water from pig slaughter
Authors: Minor Fernandes Inagaki Jorge , Jagnow Sereno Mallu , Pegoraro Kadigia , Zanatta Waz Mykaella , Mendonça Soares Vanessa , Gonçalves Pereira Juliano , Bersot Luciano dos Santos 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe thermal resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium and Derby was evaluated simulating the pig slaughter scalding process in water with different pH values and organic matter concentrations. In samples of scalding water tanks collected at 0, 2, and 4 hr during the slaughter, Salmonella serotypes were quantified at 0, 1, 3, and 5 min of heating at 62 °C. Variations of water with different pH levels and organic matter contents were also analyzed. A general reduction of 3.19 log CFU/mL in the scalding water and a D value of 1.65 min was observed. Salmonella was more sensitive to hot water in an alkaline pH, and the organic matter was not able to interfere with the survival of Salmonella. We conclude that the accumulation of organic matter in the scalding process was not relevant for the survival of Salmonella and that the water alkalinization was important in improving the elimination of this microorganism.Practical applicationsTo know the behavior of Salmonella in different stages of pig slaughter is important for establishing parameters of process, limits, or actions in the control of the contamination program.This study may contribute novel predictions about Salmonella elimination in the scalding stage and provide evidence about factors that can modify the kinetics of reduction, such as the accumulation of organic matter in the scalding tank during the slaughter of pigs and the different pH levels of the water used in this process. This article demonstrated that the addiction of calcium oxide to the scalding water may contribute to the control of Salmonella in the scalding process by reducing the destruction time.
A member of the ALOG gene family has a novel role in regulating nodulation in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Lei Yawen , Su Shihao , He Liang , Hu Xiaohe , Luo Da 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLegumes can control the number of symbiotic nodules that form on their roots, thus balancing nitrogen assimilation and energy consumption. Two major pathways participate in nodulation: the Nod factor (NF) signaling pathway which involves recognition of rhizobial bacteria by root cells and promotion of nodulation, and the autoregulation of nodulation (AON) pathway which involves long‐distance negative feedback between roots and shoots. Although a handful of genes have a clear role in the maintenance of nodule number, additional unknown factors may also be involved in this process. Here, we identify a novel function for a Lotus japonicus ALOG (Arabidopsis LSH1 and Oryza G1) family member, LjALOG1, involved in positively regulating nodulation. LjALOG1 expression increased substantially after inoculation with rhizobia, with high levels of expression in whole nodule primordia and in the base of developing nodules. The ljalog1 mutants, which have an insertion of the LORE1 retroelement in LjALOG1, had significantly fewer nodules compared with wild type, along with increased expression of LjCLE‐RS1 (L. japonicus CLE Root Signal 1), which encodes a nodulation suppressor in the AON pathway. In summary, our findings identified a novel factor that participates in controlling nodulation, possibly by suppressing the AON pathway.
Self‐consistent absorption correction for quantifying very noisy X‐ray maps: group III nitride nanowires as an example
Authors: WANG X. , BAI J. , WALTHER T. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryEnergy‐dispersive X‐ray mapping in a scanning transmission electron microscope is a method to visualize the spatial distribution of chemical elements in a sample. Quantification of the signal intensities depends on proper background elimination and correction of the self‐absorption and fluorescence of X‐ray lines in the sample. The latter become particularly relevant for slightly thicker and rough samples, small take‐off angles and low‐energetic X‐ray lines, for which we have recently introduced a self‐consistent absorption correction based on effective k*‐factors selected automatically from curves simulated as function of a K/L line intensity ratio of one of the heavier elements in the sample for ranges of different compositions. This has been shown to work well for thick and for rough samples. Correcting the background intensity to sub‐pixel accuracy is necessary for reliable quantification of very noisy maps. In this study, we show how this self‐consistent absorption correction method can be applied to InGaN and AlGaN layers in GaN nanowires, the net maps of which can be so noisy the layers can hardly be seen by the eye (a few counts per pixel) and the background is below a single count in each spectrum channel. The result indicates that background estimation for the Ga L‐line intensity using fractional counts from an interpolation of maps from neighbouring X‐ray lines of elements that are not actually present in the specimen is critical for quantification. The nanowires studied were between 66 and 375 nm thick.Lay DescriptionEnergy‐dispersive X‐ray mapping in a scanning transmission electron microscope is a method to visualize the spatial distribution of chemical elements in a sample. Quantification of the signal intensities depends on proper background elimination and correction of the self‐absorption of X‐ray lines in the sample. Here we show that our previously developed method of self‐consistent effective absorption factors works well even with extremely noise elemental maps of a few net counts only where the human eye can hardly discern any pattern and the background signal is typically less than a single count in each spectrum channel. Correcting the background intensity to sub‐pixel accuracy is then necessary for reliable quantification.
Hapln4/Bral2 is a selective regulator for formation and transmission of GABAergic synapses between Purkinje and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons
Authors: Edamatsu Midori , Miyano Rinako , Fujikawa Atsushi , Fujii Fuminari , Hori Tetsuya , Sakaba Takeshi , Oohashi Toshitaka 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurkinje cells (PCs) convey the sole output of the cerebellar cortex to the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). DCN neurons are enwrapped in densely organized extracellular matrix structures, known as perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs are typically found around fast‐spiking GABAergic interneurons expressing parvalbumin but interestingly also exist surrounding other neurons, such as the neurons in the DCN and medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, which are the post‐synaptic neurons of large axo‐somatic synapses adapted for fast signaling. This characteristic localization prompted the hypothesis that PNNs might play a role in the maintenance and formation of large fast‐signaling synapses. To elucidate the role of the PNN at these synapses, we investigated the electrophysiological and morphological properties of DCN synapses in hyaluronan and proteoglycan binding link protein 4 (Hapln4/Bral2) knockout (KO) mice around postnatal day (P)14. Hapln4/Bral2 is important for PNN structure, as it stabilizes the interaction between hyaluronan and proteoglycan. Here, using immunohistochemistry we show that Hapln4/Bral2 localized closely with GABAergic terminals. In DCN neurons of Hapln4/Bral2 KO mice, inhibitory synaptic strengths were reduced as compared to those in wild‐type mice, whereas the properties of excitatory synapses were unaffected. The reduced IPSC amplitudes were mainly because of reduced numbers of releasable vesicles. Moreover, Hapln4/Bral2 deficiency reduced the number of PC GABAergic terminals in the DCN. These results demonstrate that Hapln4/Bral2 is a PNN component that selectively contributes to formation and transmission of PC‐DCN synapses in the cerebellum.Open Science BadgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
image
Skin care and rejuvenation by cosmeceutical facial mask
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Amirkhani Mohammad Amir , Zarrintaj Payam , Salehi Moghaddam Abolfazl , Mehrabi Tina , Alavi Shiva , Mollapour Sisakht Mahsa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSkin health is an important aspect of aesthetics. Dermatologists and scientists try to develop novel methods and materials to fulfill this aim. Facial cosmetics keep skin moist and remove sebum from the skin to maintain proper skin health. The use of suitable cosmetics according to the facial skin type results in healthy skin. Facial masks are the most prevalent cosmetic products utilized for skin rejuvenation. Facial masks are divided into four groups: (a) sheet masks; (b) peel‐off masks; (c) rinse‐off masks; and (d) hydrogels. Each of these has some advantages for specific skin types based on the ingredients used. The following article presents the available information about the facial mask. Also, we have focused on the facial masks available in the market. Despite several developments in this field, extensive research is required for performing successful and precise clinical trials in the future. Further improvements would enable the researchers to develop new products in this field. In this review, we present the most recent breakthroughs in the field of skin care and rejuvenation by cosmeceutical facial mask. This information is valuable to get the picture of the latest trends and also helpful for clinicians and related manufacturing companies.
The role of systemic treatments for skin lightening
Authors: Juhasz Margit L. W. , Levin Melissa K. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundPigmentation of the skin occurs as a result of increased melanin production or deposition due to various reasons including age, hormonal imbalances, endocrine disease, inflammation, and/or exposure to damaging radiation, resulting in dermatologic conditions such as lentigines, melasma, or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Although numerous topical therapies exist for skin lightening, they are limited by efficacy and pigmentation recurrence after treatment cessation. New research into systemic therapies for hyperpigmentation has been promising.ObjectiveTo summarize the current literature for systemic skin lightening therapies.MethodsA review of the literature surrounding systemic skin lightening therapies was completed using PubMed (US National Library of Medicine).ResultsMultiple systemic therapies for skin lightening exist including oral carotenoids, glutathione, melatonin, Polypodium leucotomos hydrophilic extract, procyanidin, and tranexamic acid. Preliminary data for the treatment of hyperpigmentation are promising, and currently, these oral treatments appear safe. It is not suggested to use intravenous glutathione for skin lightening due to the increased risk of adverse events.ConclusionWith the patient population seeking effective systemic treatments for skin pigmentation, it is important for dermatologists to understand the properties, the efficacy, and the adverse events profile of each compound, thus ensuring proper use by patients, and that patients are appropriately counseled regarding treatment expectation and safety.
Family perception of and experience with family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: An integrative review
Authors: Toronto Coleen E. , LaRocco Susan A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to consider family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) from the perspective of the family member.BackgroundFPDR has been a topic of interest internationally since the first report of this practice more than 25 years ago. Worldwide, many studies have provided insight into the perspective of healthcare professionals (HCPs); however, there is limited research on the perspective and experiences of family members.DesignAn integrative review was conducted. An electronic database search was conducted for the years from 1994–2017.MethodsThe Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PyschINFO, Academic Search, SocINDEX, PubMed, ProQuest databases and Google Scholar were searched. Search terms were family perceptions, family presence and resuscitation.ResultsTwelve reviews met inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that family members view family presence as a fundamental right. Family members involved in a FPDR experience reported that their presence benefitted the patient and healthcare team. In an international sample of studies, family presence overall was viewed positively by family members and they voiced wanting to be given an option to be present during a loved one's resuscitation.ConclusionsFindings support that family members’ desire for FPDR; however, the literature reflects that HCPs do not always embrace the practice of FPDR. Stronger educational preparation of nurses and other HCPs related to FPDR is warranted. Policy initiatives include the formulation of policies that allow family presence during resuscitation of a family member.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings are relevant for a clinical practice that promotes a more family‐centred approach to allowing FPDR. Creating policy and providing FPDR education for HCPs based on evidence provide more consistency in clinical practice and help to eliminate the moral distress experienced by clinical nurses forced to make difficult decisions during a stressful event.
Have youSCAND MMe Please?A framework to prevent harm during acute hospitalisation of older persons: A retrospective audit
Authors: Redley Bernice , Baker Tim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo test the mnemonicHave youSCAND MMe Please?as a framework to audit nursing care to prevent harms common to older inpatients.BackgroundIt is not known if acute hospital care comprehensively addresses eight interrelated factors that contribute to preventable harms common in older hospitalised patients.DesignRetrospective audit of medical records.MethodsA random selection of 400 medical records of inpatients over 65 years of age with an unplanned admission of longer than 72 hr in acute medical wards at four hospitals in Victoria, Australia, during 2011–12, was examined for frequency of documented evidence of assessments, interventions or new problems related to eight factors contributing to common preventable harms during hospitalisation.ResultsAssessments of skin integrity (94%–97%), mobility (95%–98%) and pain (93%–97%) were most often documented. Gaps in assessment of continence (4%–31%), nutrition (9%–49%), cognition (delirium, depression and dementia) (10%–24%) were most common. No patient record had evidence of all eight factors being assessed. Almost 80% of records had interventions documented for one or more factors that contribute to preventable harms. In almost 20% of patient records, a new preventable harm was documented during hospitalisation.ConclusionsThe mnemonicHave youSCAND MMe Please?brings together eight factors known to contribute to preventable harms common in older hospitalised patients. This framework was useful to identify gaps in assessment and interventions for factors that contribute to preventable harms during acute hospital care. Future research should test if the mnemonic can assist nurses with comprehensive harm prevention during acute hospitalisation.Relevance to clinical practiceThe mnemonicHave youSCAND MMe Please?represents eight factors that contribute to preventable harms common in older hospitalised patients. This framework provides a model for harm prevention to assist nurses to implement comprehensive harm prevention to improve quality of care and safety for older hospitalised patients.
Nurses’ perceptions of the root causes of community‐acquired pressure ulcers: Application of the Model for Examining Safety and Quality Concerns in Home Healthcare
Authors: McGraw Caroline A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore how the context of care influences the development of community‐acquired pressure ulcers from the perspective of nurses working in home healthcare settings, to identify and categorise the factors perceived as contributing to the development of these ulcers using the Model for Examining Safety and Quality Concerns in Home Healthcare, and to explore how these risks are managed in practice.BackgroundPressure ulcer reduction is a priority in both hospital and community settings. Evidence suggests the factors affecting safety and performance in community settings are not the same as in hospital. However, research pertaining to pressure ulcer risk management has predominantly been undertaken in hospital settings.DesignThe study was framed by a qualitative exploratory design.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 19 registered nurses recruited from an independent regional tissue viability network and five community nursing provider organisations in London.ResultsThe experiences and perceptions of participants mapped onto the components of the Model for Examining Safety and Quality Concerns in Home HealthCare: patient characteristics, provider characteristics, nature of home healthcare tasks, social and community environment, medical devices and new technology, physical environment, and external environment. Four strategies to address identified risks were established: behavioural interventions, technical interventions, safeguarding interventions and initiatives to promote better integration between health, local authorities and families.ConclusionUnderstanding the complex interplay between people and other elements of the healthcare system is critical to the prevention, management and investigation of pressure ulcers. This study has illuminated these elements from the perspective of nurses working in community settings.Relevance to clinical practiceFurther consideration should be given to the importance of place when both developing risk management strategies for pressure ulcer prevention and learning the lessons from failure.