bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cortical complexity alterations in motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease: A surface‐based morphometry analysis of fractal dimension
Authors: Dehghan Yousef , Sarbaz Yashar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBased on motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease (PD) can be classified into tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) subtypes. Few studies have examined cortical complexity differences in PD motor subtypes. This study aimed to investigate differences in cortical complexity and grey matter volume (GMV) between TD and PIGD. We enrolled 36 TD patients, 27 PIGD patients and 66 healthy controls (HC) from the PPMI (Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative) database. Voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and surface‐based morphometry (SBM) were utilized to assess differences in GMV, cortical thickness and cortical complexity. The structural MRI data of participants was analysed using CAT12/SPM12 (p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Additionally, correlations between clinical data and structural changes were examined (p < 0.05, Holm‐Bonferroni corrected). In comparison to both HC and TD groups, PIGD patients exhibited a significant fractal dimension (FD) decrease in many cortical regions. A significant negative correlation between age and FD was observed in the left insula for the PIGD patients and in the bilateral insula for the TD patients. However, no significant differences were found in GMV, cortical thickness or other complexity indices. Altered FD in the bilateral insula indicates that postural instability and gait disturbances may result from a failure to integrate information from various structures, whereas parkinsonian rest tremor is not associated with this integration. Also, widespread decreases in cortical FD demonstrate that FD is more sensitive than other complexity measures and can serve as a novel biomarker for identifying subtle changes in cortical morphology in the PIGD subtype.
Variability in the diagnosis and reporting of metaplastic breast carcinoma: results of an international survey
Authors: Yang Ellen , Fineberg Susan , Mohamed Anas , Brogi Edi , Wen Hannah 
Published: December 2024

AimsMetaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a heterogeneous group of invasive breast carcinoma with squamous, spindle cell, or mesenchymal elements. It may be monophasic or biphasic, and often coexists with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC‐NST). Currently, there are no standardized guidelines for reporting MBC, and a diagnostic threshold for the metaplastic component is not established by the WHO classification.Methods and ResultsA survey conducted from April–July 2023 gathered responses from 44 pathologists worldwide. Most respondents were academic breast pathologists, and attended weekly breast tumour boards. The criteria for diagnosing MBC were highly varied, with cutoffs ranging from any/<10% to >90% metaplastic component. Although 90% was the most common threshold used, only 25% of respondents applied it. Pathologists generally preferred diagnosing invasive carcinoma with mixed features when the metaplastic component was ≤50% and MBC when the metaplastic component >50%. Most pathologists reported both the type and percentage of metaplastic component. In all, 43% reported core biopsy and resection specimen with different approaches. Diagnostic guidelines reportedly used (if any) were highly varied.ConclusionThe study underscores the need for standardized guidelines for MBC. Without clear and established diagnostic criteria, current data on MBC remains inconsistent and hinders further research into the clinical significance and prognostic implications of the metaplastic component.
Surgical treatment of pilomatrix carcinoma: a systematic review
Authors: Riva Hannah R. , Sohail Nehaa , Shalabi Mojahed Mohammad K. , Kelley Benjamin , Chisholm Cary , Tolkachjov Stanislav N. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPilomatrix carcinoma (PMC), also known as pilomatrical carcinoma, is a rare, malignant tumor of the hair follicle that may arise from a benign pilomatricoma or de novo and carries a high risk of recurrence and metastasis. This study sought to investigate and compare surgical modalities for PMC, including reported outcomes and recurrence rates. In July 2024, a systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases on surgical modalities and PMC was conducted. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were included. The search yielded 257 articles; after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 articles were included: four case series and 46 case reports with a total of 101 cases. There were 17 cases treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) with no recurrences. There were 84 cases treated with surgical excision with an overall recurrence rate of 34.5%. The mean follow‐up time was 7.5 months for MMS and 7.6 months for surgical excision. MMS showed excellent outcomes for PMC with no recurrences compared with a recurrence rate of 34.5% for surgical excision (P < 0.0025). No recurrences or metastases were found on follow‐up reported in all 17 cases treated with MMS in the literature, compared with a recurrence rate of 34.5% for the 84 cases of surgical excision. Due to the importance of early surgical intervention and attaining true negative margins to prevent recurrence and metastasis, MMS should be considered for the treatment of PMC, especially where tissue sparing is essential.
Faecal transplantation: the good, the bad and the ugly
Authors: Sin Hiu C. L. , Haifer Craig 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere continues to be significant interest from both clinicians and patients in using faecal transplantation, as the integral role of the gut microbiome is increasingly recognised in various disease conditions, both within and beyond the gut. This Clinical Perspectives article provides an overview of existing literature, factors limiting the use of faecal microbial transplantation in clinical practice and exciting new advancements on the horizon.
Direct Heritability Estimates for Growth, Carcass and Precocity in Snails Cornu aspersum maximum (Synonym Helix aspersa maxima)
Authors: Leôncio Thamires Aparecida , da Silva Natalia Costa , de Paiva José Teodoro , Carrara Eula Regina , de Fátima Miranda Claudiana , Freitas Felipe André Oliveira , Kelles Kelvin Rodrigues , Lourenço Matheus Aparecido Salviano , Santos Fernanda Larissa Cesar , Tarôco Graziela , Reis Aricia Chaves Zanetti , de Souza Patrícia Lombardi , de Genova Gaya Leila 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim was to estimate the heritabilities for accumulated weight gain between 60 and 90 days (WG1), 90 and 120 days (WG2) and 120 and 150 days of age (WG3), pre‐slaughter body weight (PRE), meat‐to‐shell ratio (MS), carcass yield (CY) and age at first oviposition (AFO) in a population of snails Cornu aspersum maximum. Single (for heritabilities) and bi‐trait (for genetic correlations) analyses were performed using Bayesian inference. The animal model included the random effect of animal and systematic effects of contemporary groups and covariates. The heritability estimates for WG1, WG2 and WG3 were 0.59, 0.60 and 0.32, respectively. Heritabilities for PRE, MS, CY and AFO ranged from 0.22 to 0.51. Environmental factors mostly influenced PRE among the studied traits. However, for carcass traits and age at first oviposition, the 95% HPD intervals of estimates were large. Only the genetic correlations between weight gains reached chain convergence. The correlation between WG1 and WG2 was 0.74, between WG2 and WG3 was 0.57, and between WG1 and WG3 was 0.22 (not statistically significant). In this sense, WG1 appears to be the optimal period for evaluating the body performance of snails. Genetic improvement in WG2 may be obtained by direct selection for WG1 in this population of Cornu aspersum maximum.
Nomogram for predicting diabetes insipidus following endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery in pituitary adenomas
Authors: Yu Xinming , Xu Guangming , Qiu Peng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPostoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) frequently complicates endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in pituitary adenoma (PA) patients, yet reliable predictive methods for DI risk remain lacking. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with DI following endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of PA and to develop a predictive nomogram for assessing postoperative DI risk. This study involved 600 PA patients underwent endoscopic TSS at Shandong Provincial Hospital from 2021 to 2023. Among these patients, 82 developed postoperative DI while 518 did not. The cohort was randomly divided into training (n = 360) and validation (n = 240) groups at 6:4 ratios by R software. Clinical parameters and radiographic features were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression to construct a predictive nomogram for post‐endoscopic TSS DI risk. Model performance was assessed using ROC curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis. Subgroup analysis was used to evaluate the model's ability to discriminate between transient and permanent DI. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses on the training group identified several independent risk factors for post‐endoscopic TSS DI, including maximum tumor diameter, Knosp grade, Esposito grade, recurrent PA, and pituitary stalk deviation angle. A nomogram was developed based on these factors, demonstrating robust predictive accuracy with ROC areas under curve of 0.840 for the training group and 0.815 for the validation group. Calibration plots indicated excellent agreement between predicted and observed probabilities of postoperative DI. DCA curves highlighted the nomogram's efficacy in guiding clinical decision‐making. Subgroup analysis showed that the model was able to discriminate between transient and permanent DI, and the AUC was 0.652 (95% CI 0.525–0.794). This study presents a nomogram designed to predict postoperative DI risk in patients undergoing endoscopic TSS for PA. Internal and external validations underscored the model's high accuracy, calibration, and clinical utility. Simultaneously, the model can also assess the development risk of permanent DI. This predictive tool offers clinicians valuable support in identifying high‐risk DI patients, optimizing postoperative care strategies, and tailoring treatment plans to improve patient outcomes.
Hindlimb biomechanics of Lagosuchus talampayensis (Archosauria, Dinosauriformes), with comments on skeletal morphology
Authors: Otero Alejandro , Bishop Peter J. , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLagosuchus talampayensis is a small‐bodied (~0.5 m long) Late Triassic dinosauriform archosaur from Argentina. Lagosuchus long has been a pivotal taxon for reconstructing the evolution of form and function on the dinosaur lineage. This importance is because it has a mix of ancestral archosaurian traits, such as a small pelvis with a mostly closed acetabulum lacking prominences that would restrict hip mobility much, with derived “dinosaurian” traits such as bipedalism, proximally shifted thigh muscle insertions, elongate hindlimbs, “advanced mesotarsal” ankle joints and digitigrade feet. Here, to quantify key functional traits related to the locomotor biomechanics of Lagosuchus, we build a three‐dimensional musculoskeletal model, focussing on morphofunctional analysis of the pelvic limb. We survey skeletal material that we have digitised, pointing out hitherto undescribed features and elements, many of which are from taxa other than Lagosuchus. Next, we select ideal elements amongst these to construct a composite model, and articulate adjacent body segments into joints, then estimate body shape including centre of mass, and add muscle paths to create a musculoskeletal model. Finally, we use two methods to quantify the hindlimb muscle parameters (“architecture”) in the model. We find that they produce similar estimates of force‐generating capacities, and compare these data to the few available data from other archosaurs in an evolutionary context, to reconstruct fundamental patterns of changes in muscle architecture and pelvic limb morphology. Our model forms a valuable basis for future quantitative analyses of locomotor function and its evolution in early archosaurs, and an example of how to navigate decision‐making for modelling problematic specimens.
Occupational aspirations and academic achievement: Rethinking the direction of effects and the role of socioeconomic status in middle childhood and adolescence
Authors: Park Jeongeun , Rose Jo , McKeown Shelley , Washbrook Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch into the relation between occupational aspirations and academic achievement has substantially grown. What remains unclear, however, is whether and how this relation, including the direction of effects, (1) unfolds dynamically in middle childhood and adolescence and (2) varies by socioeconomic status (SES). The present study aimed to address this, using the contemporary and nationally representative data from England through the UK's Millennium Cohort Study (Analytic N = 5517) and applying random intercept cross‐lagged panel modelling. Results showed that achievement unidirectionally and positively predicted aspirations in middle childhood. Achievement and aspirations predicted each other cyclically in adolescence, although their magnitudes varied. Moderation analysis demonstrated that this cyclical relation in adolescence was only significant amongst high and medium SES groups. For the low SES group, aspirations did not significantly predict achievement at any age point, despite relatively high aspirations. We discuss theoretical and practical implications, especially the differential effect of occupational aspirations in driving academic outcomes by SES.
Sound Symbolism in the Lexicon: A Review of Iconic‐Systematicity
Authors: Sidhu David M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSound symbolism refers to associations between language sounds (i.e., phonemes) and particular properties (e.g., certain shapes). For example, phonemes like /m/ are associated with roundness, while phonemes like /k/ are associated with spikiness. In this paper I review the accumulating evidence that different instances of sound symbolism can be observed as patterns in real words in existing lexicons (e.g., /m/ occurring more frequently in words for round things). The properties examined include shape, size, texture, valence and arousal. Such effects are an instance of both iconicity (words whose forms resemble their meanings) and systematicity (largescale patterns in the forms of related words in a language). I also discuss open questions on the topic, including how such patterns emerge, and their effects on language processing.
Validation and application of stable isotope analysis of dugong tusks to determine long‐term shifts in foraging patterns
Authors: Lanyon Janet M. , Dawson Lilly C. , Baublys Kim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the capacity of animals to shift diet in times of food shortage is crucial in assessing their resilience to climate change. Dugongs are specialist herbivores that live in genetically discrete populations and forage locally. This study validated the use of stable isotope analysis of collagen from the permanent, continuously growing tusks of dugongs to assess potential trophic and/or spatial shifts in foraging. Tusks were accessed from museum collections and included five locations spanning the dugong's Australian subtropical to tropical distribution. Collagen from tusk growth layers deposited during three life stages (nursing calf, subadult, and adult) and two seasons (winter, summer) were analyzed for δ15N and δ13C. In tropical Australia, mean δ15N values decreased significantly from calves to adults reflecting the ontogenetic dietary shift from milk to seagrass. In contrast, δ15N was significantly enriched in adult dugongs in subtropical Moreton Bay suggesting omnivory. δ13C values in tusks did not change with geographic location. Season did not appear to have a significant impact on δ15N or δ13C values in either tropical or subtropical locations, but dietary variation was greatest in the subtropics. Stable isotope analysis of tusks appears to be a useful method of investigating dietary/trophic shifts over a dugong's lifetime.
Genetic engineering of RuBisCO by multiplex CRISPR editing small subunits in rice
Authors: Zhou Yujie , Shi Lifang , Li Xia , Wei Shaobo , Ye Xiangyuan , Gao Yuan , Zhou Yupeng , Cheng Lin , Cheng Long , Duan Fengying , Li Mei , Zhang Hui , Qian Qian , Zhou Wenbin 
Published: December 2024

SummaryRibulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is required for photosynthetic carbon assimilation, as it catalyses the conversion of inorganic carbon into organic carbon. Despite its importance, RuBisCO is inefficient; it has a low catalytic rate and poor substrate specificity. Improving the catalytic performance of RuBisCO is one of the key routes for enhancing plant photosynthesis. As the basic subunit of RuBisCO, RbcS affects the catalytic properties and plays a key role in stabilizing the structure of holoenzyme. Yet, the understanding of functions of RbcS in crops is still largely unknown. Toward this end, we employed CRISPR‐Cas9 technology to randomly edit five rbcS genes in rice (OsrbcS1–5), generating a series of knockout mutants. The mutations of predominant rbcS genes in rice photosynthetic tissues, OsrbcS2–5, conferred inhibited growth, delayed heading and reduced yield in the field conditions, accompanying with lower RuBisCO contents and activities and significantly reduced photosynthetic efficiency. The retarded phenotypes were severer caused by multiple mutations. In addition, we revealed that these mutants had fewer chloroplasts and starch grains and a lower sugar content in the shoot base, resulting in fewer rice tillers. Further structural analysis of the mutated RuBisCO enzyme in one rbcs2,3,5 mutant line uncovered no significant differences from the wild‐type protein, indicating that the mutations of rbcS did not compromise the protein assembly or the structure. Our findings generated a mutant pool with genetic diversities, which offers a valuable resource and novel insights into unravelling the mechanisms of RuBisCO in rice. The multiplex genetic engineering approach of this study provides an effective and feasible strategy for RuBisCO modification in crops, further facilitate the photosynthesis improvement and sustainable crop production.
Natural mutation in Stay‐Green (OsSGR) confers enhanced resistance to rice sheath blight through elevating cytokinin content
Authors: Xie Wenya , Xue Xiang , Wang Yu , Zhang Guiyun , Zhao Jianhua , Zhang Huimin , Wang Guangda , Li Lei , Wang Yiqin , Shan Wenfeng , Zhang Yafang , Chen Zongxiang , Chen Xijun , Feng Zhiming , Hu Keming , Sun Mingfa , Chu Chengcai , Zuo Shimin 
Published: December 2024

SummarySheath blight (ShB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a highly destructive disease in many crops worldwide and no major resistance genes are available. Here, we identified a sbr1 (sheath blight resistance 1) rice mutant, which shows enhanced ShB resistance and maintains wildtype agronomic traits including yield, but carries an undesired stay‐green phenotype. Through map‐based cloning and transgenic validation, we found that an insertion disrupting the Stay‐Green (OsSGR) gene is responsible for sbr1 phenotypes. Mechanistically, the sbr1/Ossgr mutants reduce the expression of most OsCKX genes, which function in cytokinin (CK) degradation, to accumulate CK leading to ShB resistance. Importantly, knockout of OsCKX7, predominantly expressed in the leaf sheath and highly induced by R. solani, significantly enhances ShB resistance without stay‐green phenotype nor yield penalty, showing high application potential. Thus, our study reveals novel insights that OsSGR and cytokinin play key roles in rice‐R. solani interaction and generates a valuable ShB‐resistant germplasm.
A Simplified Estimation of Spindle Dynamic Compliance From Current Measurement for Contactless Electromagnetic Excitation
Authors: Iwai Kai , Yamato Shuntaro , Matsubara Atsushi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dynamic stiffness during spindle rotation is important in the performance evaluation of machine tools. A method for measuring dynamic compliance, which is the reciprocal of dynamic stiffness, using a load generator in uniaxial and unidirectional was investigated. An electromagnetic force generation model was experimentally constructed using static coil current and load measurements. Using this model, the vibratory force was calculated. The excitation conditions without gap effect were set, and the dynamic compliance was estimated by conducting actual vibration experiments. The estimated dynamic compliance was in good agreement with the dynamic compliance obtained from the force measurement, indicating that the proposed method can perform the measurement efficiently.
HPV16 entry requires dynein for minus-end transport and utilizes kinesin Kif11 for plus-end transport along microtubules during mitosis
Authors: Keiffer Timothy R. , DiGiuseppe Stephen , Guion Lucile , Bienkowska-Haba Malgorzata , Zwolinska Katarzyna , Siddiqa Abida , Kushwaha Anand , Sapp Martin J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) travel from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the condensed (mitotic) chromosomes during mitosis. Partially uncoated HPV capsids utilize a unique vesicular structure for trafficking and nuclear import, which is directed by the minor capsid protein L2. However, it is still unknown which precise factors facilitate post-TGN HPV trafficking to the nucleus. Herein, we analyzed HPV16-infected mitotic cells using high-resolution microscopy, coupled with motor protein inhibition, to further elaborate on post-TGN trafficking by tracking the location and/or quantification of EdU-labeled HPV pseudogenomes on microtubules, certain kinesins, and mitotic chromosomes. We also adapted a knocksideways approach to determine if L2 and Kif11 interact in infected cells. We visualized dynein co-localization with HPV pseudogenomes along mitotic microtubules and measured HPV pseudogenome accumulation after short-term dynein inhibition. Additional inhibitor studies implicated a specific kinesin, Kif11, as participating in HPV pseudogenome delivery to the nucleus. Short-term inhibition of Kif11 decreased HPV pseudogenome accumulation at mitotic chromatin. In addition, Kif11, along with kinesins Kif18a and Kif25, were in proximity to L2 during infection. While we were unable to determine a direct interaction between L2 and Kif11, we were able to show via knocksideways approach that relocalization of exogenous Kif11 decreased HPV pseudogenome accumulation to the mitotic chromatin. Our data support a model whereby HPV16 utilizes dynein for minus-end trafficking along mitotic microtubules and utilizes Kif11 for plus-end movement in the late stage of viral entry.

IMPORTANCE
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) utilize a unique vesicular structure to shield their genomes from detection during trafficking from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the nucleus during mitosis. The exact cellular factors responsible for trafficking these HPV genome containing vesicles along mitotic microtubules via the L2 minor protein remain unknown. We show via high-resolution microscopy that pharmacological inhibition of dynein and the kinesin Kif11 significantly decreases HPV pseudogenome accumulation on mitotic chromatin. Several kinesins were detected in proximity to incoming HPV pseudogenomes. Finally, using a novel knocksideways approach, we show reduced HPV pseudogenome accumulation on mitotic chromatin upon Kif11 relocalization to the mitochondria. Herein, our data suggest HPV utilizes minus- and plus-end mediated trafficking along mitotic microtubules to complete its genome trafficking to the nucleus.