bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triacylglycerols composition analysis of olive oils by ultra‐performance convergence chromatography combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Luo Yinghua , Zhang Yaqiong , Yuan Fanghao , Gao Boyan , Wang Ziyuan , Yu Liangli (Lucy) 
Published: November 2018

SummaryTriacylglycerols (TAGs) compositions of ten commercial olive oil samples were analysed using an ultra‐performance convergence chromatography (UPC2) combined with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF MS). A total of twenty‐three TAGs were characterised based on their Q‐TOF MS accurate molecular weight and MS2 fragment ion profiles, and seventeen of those were reported in olive oils for the first time. O‐O‐O was the most abundant TAG in all tested olive oil samples, followed by P‐O‐O, O‐O‐S and O‐O‐L. G‐G‐B had the lowest relative concentration in all the TAGs, ranging 0.02–0.08% of the total sample weight. The results from this study are important for further understanding the nutritional value and stability of olive or other edible oils.
Valorisation of tuna viscera by endogenous enzymatic treatment
Authors: Derouiche Ben Maiz Habiba , Guadix Emilia M. , Guadix Antonio , Gargouri Mohamed , Espejo‐Carpio Francisco Javier 
Published: November 2018

SummaryFish processing industry generates a considerable amount of by‐products which represent an environmental problem. Only a small portion of these residues is used for the production of low marketable products. Therefore, industrially scalable processes yielding value‐added products would be highly desirable. Different to others studies, this work deals with potential valorisation of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) viscera using its endogenous enzymes without previous separation stage for the production of bioactive hydrolysates. Functional and bioactive properties of hydrolysates produced at different degree of hydrolysis (DH 3%, 6% and 9%) were evaluated. The endogenous enzyme hydrolysates (EH) obtained by the proposed low cost treatment were compared with hydrolysates produced with a well‐known commercial enzyme: subtilisin. Regarding functional properties, EH presented similar or even better solubility, emulsifying and oil binding capacities than subtilisin hydrolysate (SH). EH also showed very interesting antioxidative properties, particularly metal reducing and radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the ACE inhibitory activity of EH at low degree of hydrolysis was comparable to SH. According to these results, bullet tuna viscera protein can be value‐added by endogenous enzyme hydrolysis.
Population genetics of the ABO locus within the rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (M. fascicularis) macaque hybrid zone
Authors: Oldt Robert F. , Kanthaswamy Sreetharan , Montes Mae , Schumann Laura , Grijalva Jose , Bunlungsup Srichan , Houghton Paul , Smith David Glenn , Malaivijitnond Suchinda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKnowledge of the macaque ABO blood group system has been critical in the development of nonhuman primates (NHPs) as a translational model. Serving not only as a useful homologue of the disease‐linked ABO system in humans, macaque ABO blood groups must be typed in colonies prior to performing experimental procedures requiring blood transfusion or transplantation. While the rates of blood type incompatibility and the distributions of A, B and AB blood groups are known in large samples of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (M. fascicularis) macaques, there is a dearth of blood type data from macaque populations occupying the rhesus‐cynomolgus hybrid zone in Southeast Asia. Using molecular phenotyping, we profiled ABO blood group distributions of 232 macaques from 10 populations in the hybrid zone and compared them to pure blood populations of the two species. We found that while these distributions are significantly different in most populations, there was a lack of differentiation between the hybrid and cynomolgus macaques as well as between the Thai and neighbouring populations. This supports a more expansive model of hybridization between rhesus and cynomolgus macaques than often proposed and highlights the increased need for consideration of population genetic structure in biomedical studies that employ macaques as animal models. Additionally, we report an enrichment of indeterminate blood types in the hybrid populations.
Channelling medical truths from Sir William Osler
Authors: Isbister James P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDr James L. T. Isbister (JLT), a graduate of the University of Adelaide, came to Sydney as a clinical pathologist at Sydney Hospital in 1897 and subsequently was a general practitioner in North Sydney and honorary surgeon and gynaecologist at Royal North Shore Hospital from 1900. He owned the first motor vehicle in North Sydney and he was Mary MacKillops's local doctor during her last years at the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart convent in North Sydney. On a visit to the United Kingdom in 1908, he met Sir William Osler, a meeting that clearly impacted on his thinking that has been channelled down the Isbister medical family for over a century. JLT was a founding member of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons with a grandson, Peter, also becoming a fellow. His son, James, daughter‐in‐law, Clair, and grandson, James, became fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians. More recently, his great‐grand daughter is currently an advanced college trainee. In this historical perspective, JLT's grandson confirms that Osler's medical truths have been channelled, added to and practised by JLT and his descendants.
Meningitis in adults: diagnosis and management
Authors: Young Nicholas , Thomas Mark 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. All clinicians who provide acute medical care require a sound understanding of the priorities of managing a patient with suspected meningitis during the first hour. These include obtaining blood cultures, performing lumbar puncture and initiating appropriate therapy, while avoiding harmful delays such as those that result from not administering treatment until neuroimaging has been performed. Despite the increasing availability of newer diagnostic techniques, the interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid parameters remains a vital skill for clinicians. International and local guidelines differ with regard to initial empirical therapy of bacterial meningitis in adults; the North American guideline recommends ceftriaxone and vancomycin for all patients, while the Australian, UK and European guidelines recommend that vancomycin only be added for patients who are more likely to have pneumococcal meningitis or who have a higher likelihood of being infected with a strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone. Patients with risk factors for Listeria meningitis also require an anti‐Listeria agent, such as benzylpenicillin, to be added to this treatment regimen. Dexamethasone should be a routine component of empirical therapy due to its proven role in reducing morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal meningitis.
Simultaneous realization of high transparency and piezoelectricity in low symmetry KNN‐based ceramics
Authors: Zhao Xumei , Chao Xiaolian , Wu Di , Liang Pengfei , Yang Zupei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransparent piezoelectric ceramic, as a lead‐free multifunctional ceramic, is in dire need of development for future high‐tech industries. However, excellent piezoelectricity and high transmittance are usually hard to achieve simultaneously, mainly due to the two mutual restricting factors (phase structure and grain size). In this work, we report that high piezoelectricity and transmittance can be obtained simultaneously in K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramics via Sr(Sc0.5Nb0.5)O3 (SSN) modification. The superior piezoelectric performance comes from the retain of orthorhombic phase structure at room temperature (RT); while the high transparency (>70% at 780 nm) can be attributed to the improved relative density and reduced grain size via SSN modification. Remarkably, in the sample with 0.05SSN modification, we realized a comprehensively high transmittance (73% at 780 nm) accompanied by a superior piezoelectric constant (d33 = 101 pC/N), which outperform other reported KNN‐based transparent ceramics to our best knowledge. Our results may provide insight for further developing the transparent piezoelectric ceramics by controlling the grain size and phase structure.
Self‐assembly of α‐MoO3 flower as a highly effective organics adsorbent for water purification
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Li Jing , Liang Jianye , Li Heping , Yan Youwei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report α‐MoO3 flowers as a highly effective organics adsorbent for the first time. With α‐MoO3 microfibers (MFs), α‐MoO3 flowers uniformly self‐assemble on a carbon cloth, serving as a great organics scavenger. They not only provide a high specific surface area but also possess van der Waals force, both of which guarantee a high adsorption efficiency for multiple organics. Nearly 100% of Rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV) are rapidly adsorbed while flowing through the designed α‐MoO3 flower‐based filtration device. Even after five recycling times, its high adsorption efficiency toward RhB remains unaffected. The adsorption capacity of α‐MoO3 flowers for RhB, MB, and CV reaches up to 4974, 6217, and 3886 mg/m2, respectively. Additionally, this novel adsorbent can adapt to a wide pH range, maintaining the excellent capacity of 4774 and 4473 mg/m2 toward RhB at pH of 2.0 and 12.0. The α‐MoO3 flowers can also adsorb other organics, including MO, noroxin, and tetracycline hydrochloride. Moreover, the free‐standing α‐MoO3 flowers on a carbon cloth realize the adsorptive filtration for organics removal, which not only require no conditions and no energy consumption but also avoid secondary pollution to the water as compared to the powdery adsorbents.
A broadband‐sensitive upconverter: Garnet‐type Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 codoped with Er3+, Y3+, Li+, Ni2+, and Nb5+
Authors: Takeda Yasuhiko , Mizuno Shintaro , Luitel Hom N. , Tani Toshihiko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe have developed a new broadband‐sensitive photon upconversion (UC) material that can be used for transparent ceramic plates mounted on the rear faces of crystalline silicon solar cells. We selected the host material of a cubic crystal structure codoped with Er3+ and Ni2+ so that the Ni2+ dopants were fully activated to sensitize the Er3+ emitters. In garnet‐type Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 with additional codopants of Nb5+ and Li+ for charge compensation, all the Ni2+ dopants occupied the six‐coordinated Ga3+ sites, leading to highly efficient energy transfer from the Ni2+ to the Er3+. Formation of four‐coordinated Ni2+ that quenches the UC emission of the Er3+ was prevented, because Ni2+ cannot substitute the four‐coordinated Ge4+ much smaller than Ni2+. Consequently, energy dissipation from the Er3+ to the Ni2+ was well reduced compared with the previously developed Gd3Ga5O12:Er,Ni,Nb in which the Ni2+ dopants partially occupied the four‐coordinated Ga3+ sites. Additional introduction of Y3+ and Li+ enhanced optical transitions and improved the UC performance, owing to more enhanced lattice distortion, along with eliminating different phases. The optimal composition (Ca0.6Er0.1Y0.1Li0.2)3(Ga0.98Ni0.01Nb0.01)2Ge3O12 exhibited a broadband sensitivity ranging from 1.1 μm (the absorption edge of silicon) to 1.6 μm for the UC emission at 0.98 μm.
Response to Qian et al. (2017): Daily and seasonal climate variations are both critical in the evolution of species’ elevational range size
Authors: Chan Wei‐Ping , Chen I‐Ching , Colwell Robert K. , Liu Wei‐Chung , Huang Cho‐ying , Shen Sheng‐Feng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn their recent critique, Qian et al. stated that the results of structural equation modeling analysis (SEM) in Chan et al. were flawed. Here, we show that the source of the difference, in their reanalysis, is that Qian et al. did not follow the standard, iterative strategy of SEM, which allows researchers to evaluate which model offers the best account of the data in both absolute and relative terms. Here, we provide step‐by‐step instructions to reproduce our published results. We address—and aim to resolve—Qian et al.'s concerns regarding SEM. Moreover, in our original paper, we used three distinct statistical methods—hierarchical partitioning, SEM and stationary bootstrap—to show that different temporal scales of environmental variability differentially impact the elevational range size (ERS) of species. We believe it is time to move on to probing the pressing issue of how and why climatic variability impacts ERS.
Incomplete species lists derived from global and regional specimen‐record databases affect macroecological analyses: A case study on the vascular plants of China
Authors: Qian Hong , Deng Tao , Beck Jan , Sun Hang , Xiao Cui , Jin Yi , Ma Keping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimOnline species distribution data, global or regional, are increasingly used in biodiversity studies although data limitations have been reported. We explore, for the two major databanks in our research region, how incomplete data are at a large taxonomic and geographic scale, how it is affected by spatial grain, and to what degree it affects inference from analyses of richness or turnover and the environment.LocationChina.Major taxa studiedVascular plants.MethodsWe assembled species lists of all vascular plants from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the National Specimen Information Infrastructure (NSII) at three spatial scales (national, provincial, county). We determined the completeness of each compilation by comparing the number of species with that from inventory‐based species list (for 28 provinces, 14 counties, and 146 nature reserves within counties). We related richness from each of the data sources (GBIF, NSII, inventory) to environmental variables (temperature, precipitation, elevational range) and compared regression models among the three data sources. We quantified floristic similarity between regions based on the three data sources and related species turnover to geographic and environmental distances.ResultsData incompleteness was prevalent at all spatial grains, but it increased with decreasing grain and it was higher for GBIF than for NSII. At the national scale, GBIF included 64.1% and NSII included 89.4% of true species richness in China. At the county scale these figures dropped to an average of 12.7% for GBIF and 60.0% for NSII. This changed the order and significance of environmental determinants of richness in regression models. The relationship between floristic similarity and geographic or environmental distance was shallower for GBIF and NSII, compared to inventory data. When the GBIF data were supplemented with the NSII data, the data completeness of GBIF increased from 64.1% to 90.8% at the national scale, from 37.2% to 89.0% at the province scale, and from 12.7% to 63.0% at the county scale.Main conclusionsMain specimen‐record databases are incomplete, which has the potential to heavily affect ecological patterns and mechanisms inferred from these data. Biodiversity analyses based on raw species lists from such sources should be viewed with utmost caution.
Cardiometabolic risk factors in Thai individuals with prediabetes treated in a high‐risk, prevention clinic: Unexpected relationship between high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycemia in men
Authors: Srivanichakorn Weerachai , Godsland Ian F , Washirasaksiri Chaiwat , Phisalprapa Pochamana , Charatcharoenwitthaya Phunchai , Pramyothin Pornpoj , Sitasuwan Tullaya , Preechasuk Lukana , Elkeles Robert , Alberti K George MM , Johnston Desmond G , Oliver Nick S 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionRelationships between cardiometabolic risk and glycemia have rarely been studied in people under clinical evaluation and treatment for cardiometabolic risk and with prediabetes. We investigated relationships between glycemia and cardiometabolic risk factors in clinic participants with prediabetes.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional analysis of data collected at a center in Thailand. Clinic attendees were at high risk of diabetes or cardiovascular disease, with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 39–<48 mmol/mol or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.6–<7.0 mmol/L. The relationships between glycemia and cardiometabolic risk factors were explored.ResultsOf 357 participants, two or more insulin resistance‐related metabolic disturbances were present in 84%; 61% took a statin and 75% an antihypertensive agent. Independently of age, sex, adiposity, medication use, possible non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and sex–glycemia interaction, neither FPG nor HbA1c were associated with variation in any other cardiometabolic risk factors. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased with HbA1c in women (female–HbA1c interaction, P = 0.03) but, unexpectedly, increased with FPG in men (male–FPG interaction, P = 0.02).ConclusionsOverall, in Thai people treated for high cardiometabolic risk and with prediabetes defined by FPG and/or HbA1c, neither FPG nor HbA1c were associated with other cardiometabolic risk factors. However, according to sex, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol showed the expected relationship with glycemia in women, but the reverse in men.
Effectiveness of Different Cleaning Solutions in Removing Residual Caries‐Detector Dyes
Authors: Tunc Emine Sen , Sahin Zeynep , Guler Eda , Bayrak Sule , Tuloglu Nuray 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveCaries‐detector dyes (CDDs) have proven useful in the identification and removal of carious dentin. However, residues of these cleaning agents may remain in the oral cavity. This study conducted spectrophotomectric analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of different cleaning agents in removing residual CDDs from the oral cavity.Material and MethodNinety freshly extracted human third‐molar teeth were used in the study. Tooth occlusal surfaces were ground to expose dentin. Specimens were randomly distributed into 3 groups according to CDD [Seek Caries Indicator (SCI), Caries Detector (CD), Caries Marker (CM)], and each group was further divided into 3 sub‐groups according to cleaning solution [distilled water (DW), 3% NaOCl, and 3% H2O2)]. CDDs were applied to dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions and then rinsed with a cleansing solution. The effectiveness of cleaning solutions in removing CDD residues was determined according to color change by comparing spectrophotometric measurements of tooth color before CDD application and after cleaning. Data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05).ResultFor all CDDs groups, the smallest color differences were observed in the 3% NaOCl sub‐groups (P < .05), and the largest in the distilled water sub‐groups (P > .05). When compared to the other CDD groups, the SCI group yielded the greatest color differences for all cleaning‐agent sub‐groups.ConclusionCleaning solutions such as 3% NaOCl or 3% H2O2 can be used to remove residual CDD from dentin surfaces.Clinical SignificanceThis study compared the effectiveness of three different cleaning agents in caries removal process.
Evaluation of marginal and internal fit of acrylic bridges using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Al‐Imam Hiba , Michou Stavroula , Benetti Ana R. , Gotfredsen Klaus 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe potential of non‐invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a tool for assessment of fit of indirect reconstructions is not fully explored.ObjectivesThe objectives were to investigate the feasibility and validity of OCT, and to measure the internal and marginal fit of acrylic bridges fabricated using direct and indirect digitalisation.MethodsThe accuracy of the employed swept source OCT (wavelength: 1310 nm) was assessed by comparing with an object with known dimensions. Validity was assessed by measuring an OCT measurements on replica, mimicking the cement film thickness, with stereomicroscopic measurements. The reconstructions were placed on the abutments without cementation. The internal and marginal fit of acrylic bridges from direct and indirect digitalisation techniques were then assessed by obtaining 5 OCT B‐scans per abutment tooth at pre‐defined positions located 250 μm apart. The marginal and internal cement gaps were measured using image‐processing software (ImageJ). Mean and standard deviation were calculated for both groups and t test assuming unequal variances was carried out. The level of significance was defined at 0.05.ResultsA strong linear correlation (r = 0.865) between OCT and stereomicroscopy was found. T test showed significantly (P < 0.01) better internal fit of bridges made from indirect digitalisation, but no difference in marginal fit.ConclusionOCT is a feasible and valid tool for investigating internal and marginal fit of acrylic dental reconstructions. Better internal fit was observed in bridges fabricated using the direct digitalisation technique. No difference in marginal fit was found between the two fabrication methods.
Benthic boundary layer macrofauna from the upper slope of the Chatham Rise (SW Pacific)
Authors: Kaiser Stefanie , Lörz Anne‐Nina , Bird Graham , Malyutina Marina , Bowden David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBenthic boundary layer (BBL) communities are a taxonomically and functionally diverse but poorly known component of deep‐sea environments. We investigated macrofaunal assemblages across the upper slope of the Chatham Rise (CR) in the south‐western Pacific in relation to location, depth and sediment variables. Using data from the TAN1116 voyage to the CR in austral spring 2011, we assessed variation in abundance, faunal composition and diversity of three BBL compartments: fully suprabenthic taxa, taxa with suprabenthic affinities and fully epibenthic taxa across taxonomic levels (phylum, class, order, family, genus and species). In total, eight samples were taken using an epibenthic sledge across three areas on the CR (Mernoo Gap, CR North and CR South) and at two depth ranges (400–600 and 900–1,000 m) distributed along a north to south as well as east to west axis, crossing different productivity gradients. In contrast to previous studies from the CR, there was no significant correlation between macrofaunal densities and sediment variables or depth. Species diversity of isopods and tanaidaceans was average to high, compared to other geographic regions, but did not show any significant pattern with location or depth. Most species in these two groups (~82%) were new to science, probably reflecting the paucity of sampling and taxonomic study of these faunal components in New Zealand waters. Our results suggest employing finer‐scale investigations across a range of temporal and spatial scales and at finer taxonomic resolution would greatly further our knowledge and understanding of patterns and processes shaping deep‐sea BBL community structure.