bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought forecasting: A review of modelling approaches 2007–2017
Authors: Fung K. F. , Huang Y. F. , Koo C. H. , Soh Y. W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDroughts are prolonged precipitation-deficient periods, resulting in inadequate water availability and adverse repercussions to crops, animals and humans. Drought forecasting is vital to water resources planning and management in minimizing the negative consequences. Many models have been developed for this purpose and, indeed, it would be a long process for researchers to select the best suited model for their research. A timely, thorough and informative overview of the models' concepts and historical applications would be helpful in preventing researchers from overlooking the potential selection of models and saving them considerable amounts of time on the problem. Thus, this paper aims to review drought forecasting approaches including their input requirements and performance measures, for 2007–2017. The models are categorized according to their respective mechanism: regression analysis, stochastic, probabilistic, artificial intelligence based, hybrids and dynamic modelling. Details of the selected papers, including modelling approaches, authors, year of publication, methods, input variables, evaluation criteria, time scale and type of drought are tabulated for ease of reference. The basic concepts of each approach with key parameters are explained, along with the historical applications, benefits and limitations of the models. Finally, future outlooks and potential modelling techniques are furnished for continuing drought research.
Wiley Ludeña Urquizo
Authors: Hayakawa Casas José Carlos 
Published: February 2019

Arquitecto (Universidad Ricardo Palma). Magister en Arquitectura con mención en Teoría, Historia y
crítica (Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería). Doctor con especialidad en estudios urbanísticos y de vi-
vienda (Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg). Investigación postdoctoral (Techsnische Universität
Berlin – Institut für Stadt- und Regionalplanung y Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel – Geographis-
ches Institut). Sus líneas de investigación comprenden temáticas relacionadas a la historia y teoría del
urbanismo, y del paisaje y el arte urbano, con especial énfasis en la historia de las ideas, políticas, y
planes de desarrollo urbano y de vivienda en el Perú (siglos XIX-XX). Es autor y editor de numerosos
libros, revistas y artículos académico profesionales en publicaciones nacionales e internacionales. Fue
jefe y fundador de la Oficina editorial de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Artes de Universidad
Nacional de Ingeniería, y actualmente es profesor principal de la FAUA-UNI y Coordinador del Grupo de
investigación-UNI “Laboratorio de teoría e historia critica de la ciudad”.
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND CHEMOPREVENTIVE POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF LEAF OF AEGLEMARMELOS ATTRIBUTES TOWARDS DUCTAL CARCINOMA STUDIED IN MCF7 CELLS
Authors: Arirudran B. , Janani B. , Rao U. S. Mahadeva 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The objective of the present research work had been made to evaluate the antioxidant potential along with anti-cancer activity of methanolic extracts from the leaf of A. marmelos.
Methods: Standard methods for antioxidant potential in terms of DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging assay, and anticancer activity in vitro method (Cytotoxicity/MTT assay and % of cell viability) by using MCF7 cell line.
Results: Results of antioxidant efficacy revealed that the IC50 value for DPPH and nitric oxide scavenging assay was considered to be 62.032%, and 20.69% respectively. The methanolic extract of A. marmelos was found to possess enhanced anticancer potential against MCF7 cells. Cytotoxicity activity of MCF7 cells, when treated with methanolic extract of A. marmelos, was found to be 43.42% at 25µg, 52.31% at 50µg, 56.31% at 75µg, 58.38% at 100µg, 62.25% at 125µg. The IC50 value was found as 49.36µg. Toxicity was significantly increased with increased concentration and viability significantly decreased with the increased concentration of methanolic extract of leaf from A. marmelos for MCF7 cell when compared to cyclophosphamide.
Conclusion: From the studies, it was postulated that methanolic extract of leaf from A. marmeloshas significant chemopreventive activity. These specific identities will be useful for the identification and authentication of raw drug.
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CURCUMIN AND CYCLOSPORINE BY RP-HPLC
Authors: Desai Neha , Momin Munira , Singh Upasana , Khan Tabassum , Sherje Atul 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The present work was undertaken with an aim to develop and validate a rapid reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of curcumin and cyclosporine in the capsule dosage form.
Methods: The RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of curcumin and cyclosporine was developed using Agilent (Infinity 1260) HPLC system and Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 x 150 mm i.d., 5µ) stationary phase. The optimized mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile: water: methanol (50: 10: 40 v/v/v) pumped at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Separation of drugs was achieved in an isocratic mode and elution was monitored using PDA detector at 214 nm. The method was validated as per ICH-Q2R1 guidelines.
Results: Retention time of the curcumin and cyclosporine were found to be 3.073 min and 6.373 min with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9993 and 0.998 respectively. The response of curcumin and cyclosporine was found linear in the concentration range of 8-48 μg/ml and 4-24 μg/ml respectively. The percent recovery values were found in the range of 97-103% indicating satisfactory accuracy of the method. The percent relative standard deviation (% RSD) values for the precision study was less than 2 which suggest that the method is precise.
Conclusion: The proposed method was found accurate, precise and specific for the determination of curcumin and cyclosporine in bulk as well as in capsule dosage form. Thus, the present method can be used for routine analysis and quality control of curcumin and cyclosporine in bulk and capsule dosage form.
AN INNOVATIVE METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND LEDIPASVIR BY RP HPLC
Authors: Reddy B. Anjaneyulu , Alam Md. Irshad , Khanam Nazia , Adhakrishnanand P. R. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To develop an innovative, rapid, simple, cost effective, stability indicating reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous estimation of ledipasvir (LP) and sofosbuvir (SB) in combination pill dosage form.
Methods: The method was developed using C8 column, 250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5mm using mobile section comprising of 0.1% (v/v) orthophosphoric acid buffer at pH 2.2 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 45:55 that was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. Temperature was maintained at 30 Â°C, the effluents were monitored at 260 nm with the help of usage of PDA detector.
Results: The retention time of LP and SB were found to be 2.246 min and 3.502 min. The approach was found to be linear with the variety of 9-36 Âµg/ml and 40-240 Î¼g/ml for LP and SB respectively, the assay of estimated compounds were found to be 99.65% and 99.73% w/v for LP and SB respectively.
Conclusion: The pressured samples changed into analyzed and this proposed a technique turned into determined to be particular and stability indicating as no interfering peaks of decay compound and excipients were observed. Hence, the approach was easy and economical that may be efficiently applied for simultaneous estimation of both LP and SB in bulk and combination tablet system.
IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF SYRINGIC ACID
Authors: Chanda Shilpee , Juvekar Archana R. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of syringic acid (SA).
Methods: SA was tested for it's in vitro anti-inflammatory activity at different concentrations in protein denaturation, proteinase inhibition and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay. The reference drugs used were aspirin and diclofenac sodium.
Results: SA showed concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and proteinase activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 49.38±0.56 µg/ml and 53.73±0.27 µg/ml respectively. Heat-induced haemolysis was inhibited by SA with an IC50 value of 57.13±0.24 µg/ml. SA also inhibited the hypotonicity-induced haemolysis (IC50 value of 53.87±0.72 µg/ml).
Conclusion: From the present study, we can conclude that SA possesses appreciable anti-inflammatory effect against denaturation of proteins, proteinase activity, and human red blood membrane stabilization assays. Further studies are required for determining the possible mechanisms behind its anti-inflammatory action.
ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES ON METHANOL AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF GYMNOSPORIA MONTANA PLANT
Authors: Ansari Nishat , Chandel Divya 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of methanol (70%) and aqueous extract of G. montana leaves which is a traditionally used herb known for its hepatoprotective activity.
Methods: The in vitro antioxidant activity of G. montana extract was determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiaziline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and Reducing Power ability at three different concentrations (1.78µg/ml, 3.57µg/ml and 7.14µg/ml).
Results: The Results revealed similar observations between the methanol and aqueous extract with respect to standard and showed potent antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard, which showed IC50 value 4.71µg/ml, whereas, methanol and aqueous extract showed 5.08 µg/ml and 5.69 µg/ml. Three different concentrations were used which showed a dose-dependent non-significant increase in percent inhibition.
Conclusion: Findings indicate that this plant is a good source of antioxidant and can be used for the treatment of diseases as such medicinal plant extracts are natural products and they are comparatively safe, eco-friendly, less expensive and locally available. Hence, the validation of the effects of these herbal remedies will have to be undertaken for their wider acceptance.
MARKETING CULTURE IN FINANCIAL SERVICES WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO RETAIL BANKING IN INDIA
Authors: Shanker Ravi 
Published: February 2019

Service industry is fast becoming the key to a nation’s success and its importance in the world economy is tremendous. In India too, the service industry boom has powered the growth of the economy. Service industry is different and hence poses special management challenges. There are some unusual variables that affect the performance of these organizations. The ‘marketing culture’ of the organization is one such factor. The paper relates to it, in the context of banking sector in India. Post liberalization, the banking Industry became highly competitive as the number of banking institutions increased, multi-folds. Currently there are 87 banks in India (21 public sector banks, 21 private sector banks, and 45 foreign financial intermediaries and Banks) competing with each other. It has also been observed that one of the variable on the basis of which the banks are competing is providing superior customer contacts, which is possible through customer centric employees and the marketing culture that exist in the banking organization. Marketing culture refers to the pattern of shared values and beliefs that help individuals understand the marketing function and provide them with norms for behavior in the firm. An orientation and culture towards marketing within the organization is most imperative.The paper is based on primary research being undertaken on three banks selected from each category mentioned above. A questionnaire was developed with the help of which the marketing culture of a service firm was assessed. The questionnaire uses 34 items measuring six dimensions of marketing culture, as identified by leading researchers. These six dimensions are service quality, internal communication, innovativeness, organization, Inter-personal relationships and selling tasks. The paper has used parametric approach to analyze and understand the attitude of the employees of each of the banks towards the dimensions identified. The inter-relationships among the six dimensions for each of the banks have also been studied. Weights have been assigned to the six dimensions and the responses have been accordingly assessed. The results of the analysis clearly show the foreign banks score the highest on the IMC index and the nationalized banks the lowest.
TEACHING VOCABULARY IN AVIATION ENGLISH COURSE: A STEP-BY-STEP METHOD, STRATEGIES AND CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
Authors: Tokar Yevheniia Borysivna , Fainman Inna Borysivna 
Published: February 2019

The primary focus of this paper on methodology is the lexical content of systematic and carefully devised course for teaching English to aviation students in order to expand their English vocabulary and, thus, allow them to communicate more freely and clearly. Having a large English vocabulary is a very important part of communication in aviation industry. Along with pronunciation and grammar, it provides the foundation for better speaking and listening skills. The first part of the paper discusses current vocabulary teaching strategies. The second section offers a teaching method of intentional planned work on aviation glossary items, arranged by the authors into a logical consistent workflow with several subsequent stages and steps. We state that mastering a word means complete understanding of its meaning, its use, and its ability to get connected with other words in a sentence. We underline the importance of regular, intentional exercises in practicing vocabulary after it has been presented to students. Thus, we differentiate the following stages in vocabulary teaching course: 1) presentation, which includes. semantization, addressing the word form and working on the word usage/collocation; 2) multiple exposures to targeted words, i.e. practising word recognition and production in a meaningful context (in collocations, phrases, sentences, and on out-of-phrase level - dialogues or monologues); and 3) active involvement in different speech acts. Each part is supplemented with examples of strategies, classroom techniques and exercises to be used in Aviation English course.
The place of biology and anthropology in Dewey’s ethical project
Authors: López Federico 
Published: February 2019

O foco deste artigo consiste nos usos dos insights científico e evolucionário na ética de Dewey. Para começar, apresenta-se uma visão geral da ética de Dewey. Salienta-se que a posição dele na ética deve ser entendida como um projeto político que advoga para o uso do conhecimento científico ao lidar com os conflitos éticos e políticos. Por sua vez, esse ponto de vista baseia-se na tese da continuidade materialemetodológicaentre a ciência e a ética. A segunda parte trata da questão da abordagem de Dewey ao vínculo da ciência e da filosofia, em geral, e o valor da teoria da evolução e da antropologia à ética, em especial. Contrário a algumas interpretações atuais, argumenta-se que, segundo Dewey, a biologia e a teoria da evolução não possuem a única nem a palavra final sobre a ética, e que em sua opinião, a relevância da antropologia e das ciências sociais não deverão ser negligenciadas. Além disso, argumenta-se que a continuidade material entre a ciência e a ética destaca a importância de uma deliberação ética cientificamente informada quando os problemas éticos são enfrentados, enquanto a continuidade metodológica mostra como é possível atingir conclusões corretas na ética, mas também, a relevância que pode ser denominada de críticas genealógicasreferentes às crenças morais hereditárias.
Shock Absorber Applications
Authors: Spiteri Shaun 
Published: February 2019

Shock Absorbers are a part of everyday life and have many different applications and uses. They are used for bridges, highways, buildings and cars to absorb the impact from the bumps, earthquakes and high winds. Different applications require different types of shocks and different materials. A rubber shock absorber cannot be used on a vehicle while a cylindrical shock absorber cannot be used on a highway. All the situations require a specific shape and type of shocks to be used for the required tasks.
Characterization of the Influence of NaOH Chemical Solution with Different Concentration on the Properties of Nano-Composite Materials
Authors: Atiyah Ibrahim A. 
Published: February 2019

In this work, composites based on unsaturated polyester resin reinforced with nano-silica (0.5%, 0.7% and 1%) Sio2 were studied to determine the influence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) chemical solution with different concentration ( 1% , 2% , 4% ,6% and 8%) wt. for a period of 24 hours under room temperature conditions on the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composite material. For this purpose, tensile and hardness taste were carried out, Since Polyester is one of most commonly used polymar matrix with reinforcing for advanced composites applications due to its low cost, easy handling, corrosion resistant, and flame retardant.
Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria That Have Ability to Improved Number of Carnosine on Bakasang Based on I6S rRNA Gene
Authors: Lawalata Helen J. , Rungkat Jovialine A. 
Published: February 2019

Diversity of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that have ability to improved number of carnocine on bakasang were determind by application of molecular approach. Molecular characterization of LAB was based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The result showed that one isolate lactic acid bacteria (Pediococcus sp.B.5.1) among 9 isolates LAB exhibited the highest ability to improved number of carnocine. The molecular characterization based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the Pediococcus B.5.1 isolate clearly belonged to members of species Pediococcus acidilactici. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria with the high ability to improved number of carnosine could be found from fermented fish bakasang and make bakasang as a functional food.
Modelo de capacitación de tecnología biomédica para clínicas y hospitales de tercer nivel, enfocado en personal asistencial
Authors: Franco López G. Alexis , Jaramillo D. , Barreneche Juan G. 
Published: February 2019

Resumen–– El proceso de capacitación en tecnología biomédica se enmarca dentro de los requerimientos del decreto # 4725 de 2005 emitido por el ministerio de protección social, y es parte del proceso de adquisición de tecnología el cual es de gran importancia para las instituciones prestadoras de salud en Colombia. La tecnología médica requiere procesos detallados de capacitación. Uno de los aspectos más importantes a considerar más no el único es la clasificación de riesgo de los dispositivos médicos, el cual es un factor muy importante porque puede cambiar el tiempo y costo de la capacitación. Este artículo pretende hacer una revisión de algunos modelos de capacitación en clínicas y hospitales y comprarlos entre sí, Adicionalmente el artículo presenta un modelo que se basa en los criterios más representativos de los modelos analizados. Abstract–– The training in biomedical technology is part of the requirements of the decree # 4725 of 2005 issued by the Colombian Ministry of Social Protection, and it’s part of the technology procurement process which is of great importance to the health institutions in Colombia. Medical technology requires detailed training processes. One of the most important aspects to consider, not the only one, is risk classification of medical devices, which is a very important factor that may affect time and cost of training. This article aims to review and compare some models of training in clinics and hospitals. In addition, the paper introduces a model based on the most representative criteria of the models analyzed.Resumo ––O treinamento em tecnologia biomédica é parte dos requisitos do decreto # 4725 de 2005 emitido pelo Ministério da Proteção Social, e faz parte do processo de aquisição de tecnologia, que é de grande importância para as instituições de saúde na Colômbia. A tecnologia médica requer processos de treinamento detalhados. Um dos aspectos mais importantes a considerar não é a única classificação de risco de dispositivos médicos, o que é um fator muito importante que pode mudar o tempo e o custo do treinamento. Este artigo tem por objetivo revisar alguns modelos de formação em clínicas e hospitais e compará-los entre si, Além disso, o artigo apresenta um modelo com base nos critérios mais representativos dos modelos analisados.
What Problem is Being Solved? ‘Preventability’ and the Case of Pricing for Safety and Quality
Authors: Duckett Stephen 
Published: February 2019

One of the critical issues facing healthcare systems internationally is to improve safety of care. Unfortunately, safety discussions, both in hospitals and in policy documents, often quickly turn to identifying and acting on ‘preventable’ mishaps. But preventability is a slippery concept, which this paper discusses. A contemporary policy response is to introduce financial incentives in hospitals and/or states to improve safety, proposed for national implementation in Australia from 1 July 2017. This has the potential to change the internal dynamic of hospitals to enhance the focus on safety. The implications for hospitals of this change are also discussed.
Abbreviations: COAG – Council of Australian Governments.
Health Systems in Australia and Four Other Countries: choices and challenges
Authors: Martins Jo M 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of health systems is the pursuit of healthy lives. The performance of the Australian health system over the last decade is compared with the United Kingdom and its three other offshoots: the United States, Canada and New Zealand. In the first instance, system performance is assessed in terms of threats to healthy lives from risk factors and changes that have taken place during the decade. In view of the emphasis of the five systems on the return to health after trauma and illness, and the human-resource intensity of health services, an appraisal is made of changes in the number of the major health professionals in relation to the growing populations. Then related changes in hospital, medical practitioner and dentist services are assessed. Changes in pharmaceutical drug prescriptions in Australian are also examined. The levels of national expenditures arising from the provision health services are then considered in the context of the costs of administration of the varied organisational modes, use of expensive medical technologies, pharmaceutical drug consumption and remuneration of health professionals. Finally, health outcomes in Australia and the other four countries are assessed in accordance with their human development level, life expectancy, potential years of life lost from different causes, as well as healthy life expectancies. Further, gaps in health and life expectancy of Indigenous people in the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Australia are reviewed, as well as health and survival inequalities among people in different social strata in each country.
Abbreviations: GDP – Gross Domestic Product; HDI – Human Development Index.