bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-frequency pseudo-Rayleigh and pseudo-Scholte waves at an interface of liquid/soft porous sediment with underlying hard porous sediment substrate
Authors: Qiu Haomiao , Xia Tangdai , Chen Weiyun , Yu Bingqi 
Published: July 2019

Summary
The paper focuses on the propagation of low-frequency pseudo-Rayleigh and pseudo-Scholte waves at the liquid/soft porous sediment interface with an underlying hard porous sediment half-space. The overlying liquid is assumed to be ideal compressible medium and the porous sediments are modelled by Biot theory. Based on the boundary conditions, the closed-form dispersion equations of far-field interface waves are deduced using 2-D Helmholtz decomposition theorem and Fourier transform. The velocity and attenuation of pseudo-Rayleigh and pseudo-Scholte waves are determined by Newton iteration in a reasonable rooting interval. The analytical expressions of the displacement field and liquid pressure distribution caused by interface waves are also derived. Then, the dispersion equations for four degenerate systems are derived as special cases by assuming the thickness of the liquid layer or the sandwiched porous soft sediment layer to be zero or infinite. Lastly, numerical examples are used to verify the degeneracy of the system and to analyse the propagation characteristics of pseudo-Rayleigh and pseudo-Scholte waves. They show the dependences of the velocity and displacement field on dimensionless modulus and dimensionless wavelength. When the dimensionless wavelength is small or very large, the phase velocity and displacement field calculated by the present system is the same as the special cases, thus proving the validating of the new system.
Differences between heterogenous and homogenous slip in regional tsunami
hazards modelling
Authors: Melgar Diego , Williamson Amy L , Salazar-Monroy E Fernando 
Published: July 2019

Summary
The homogenous slip finite fault model is commonly used in tsunami hazards for a variety of applications. These include early warning and short-term forecasts of tsunami amplitudes, scenario ruptures for risk assessments, and probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA). Over the last decade, however, it has become feasible to calculate stochastic slip models which reflect the expected spatial statistics of slip observed in real events. In this paper we examine the impacts of the homogenous slip model when compared to stochastic slip distributions and ask whether, in light of these technical advancements, the homogenous slip assumption remains a reasonable one. We employ a simplified subduction zone geometry, free of complex path and site effects, and study simulated tsunamis from earthquakes in the magnitude 7 to magnitude 9 range. We find that homogenous slip models have lower tsunami potential energies and frequently underpredict the peak tsunami amplitudes and the resulting tsunami hazard, particularly at low probabilities of exceedance. This finding has important implications for all tsunami hazards applications. Calculating a suite of realistic stochastic slip distributions is now within reach of tsunami scientists, thus, we conclude that use of heterogeneous slip models for tsunami hazards applications is preferable
Interferometric time-lapse velocity analysis: application to a salt-water disposal well in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Vaezi Yoones , Van der Baan Mirko 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARY
We investigate the possibility of passive monitoring of a salt-water disposal well in British Columbia, Canada, using continuously recorded ambient seismic noise. We find seismic velocity variations induced by a reduction of injection pressure in an effort to mitigate an elevated level of seismicity, most likely associated with the disposal of salt water. The relative velocity variations are derived from time-shifts measured between consecutive cross-correlation functions for each station pair in a surface array composed of five broad-band seismometers. The probable driving mechanisms responsible for the velocity changes are reduced pore pressures and/or lowered poroelastic stresses beyond the injection wellbore, respectively. Hydrologic data (e.g. snow and rainfall), noise energy trends and fluctuations in the incident direction of dominant noise sources do not correlate with the estimated relative velocity variations. Velocity variations are detected ahead of the zone of induced seismicity, thus indicating that seismic interferometry may aid in mitigation efforts to reduce the risk of induced seismicity by (1) providing verifiable and repeatable measurements of physical changes within the surrounding area and (2) providing hard constraints for modelling efforts to constrain how and where pore-pressure fronts change.
The effect of stress changes on time-dependent earthquake probabilities for the central Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA.
Authors: Verdecchia A , Carena S , Pace B , DuRoss C B 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Static and quasi-static Coulomb stress changes produced by large earthquakes can modify the probability of occurrence of subsequent events on neighboring faults. This approach is based on physical (Coulomb stress changes) and statistical (probability calculations) models, which are influenced by the quality and quantity of data available in the study region. Here, we focus on the Wasatch Fault Zone (WFZ), a well-studied active normal fault system having abundant geologic and paleoseismological data. Paleoseismological trench investigations of the WFZ indicate that at least 24 large, surface-faulting earthquakes have ruptured the fault's five central, 35–59-km long segments since ∼7 ka. Our goal is to determine if the stress changes due to the youngest paleoevents have significantly modified the present-day probability of occurrence of large earthquakes on each of the segments. For each segment, we modeled the cumulative (coseismic + postseismic) Coulomb stress changes (∆CFScum) due to earthquakes younger than the most recent event on the segment in question and applied the resulting values to the time-dependent probability calculations. Results from the Coulomb stress modeling suggest that the Brigham City, Salt Lake City, and Provo segments have accumulated ∆CFScum larger than 10 bars, whereas the Weber segment has experienced a stress decrease of 5 bars, in the scenario of recent rupture of the Great Salt Lake fault to the west. Probability calculations predict high probability of occurrence for the Brigham City and Salt Lake City segments, due to their long elapsed times (> 1–2 ka) when compared to the Weber, Provo, and Nephi segments (< 1 ka). The range of calculated coefficients of variation (CV) has a large influence on the final probabilities, mostly in the case of the Brigham City segment. Finally, when the Coulomb stress and the probability models are combined, our results indicate that the ∆CFScum resulting from earthquakes postdating the youngest events on each of the five segments substantially affects the probability calculations for three of the segments: Brigham City, Salt Lake City, and Provo. The probability of occurrence of a large earthquake in the next 50 years on these three segments may therefore be underestimated if a time-independent approach, or a time-dependent approach that does not consider ∆CFS, is adopted.
Direct fluorescent glycan labeling with recombinant sialyltransferases
Authors: Wu Zhengliang L , Person Anthony D , Burton Andrew J , Singh Ravinder , Burroughs Barbara , Fryxell Dan , Tatge Timothy J , Manning Timothy , Wu Guoping , Swift Karl A D , Kalabokis Vassili 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlycosylation is a common modification found on numerous proteins and lipids. However, direct detection of glycans on these intact biomolecules has been challenge. Here, utilizing enzymatic incorporation of fluorophore-conjugated sialic acids, dubbed as direct fluorescent glycan labeling, we report the labeling and detection of N- and O-glycans on glycoproteins. The method allows detection of specific glycans without the laborious gel blotting and chemiluminescence reactions used in Western blotting. The method can also be used with a variety of fluorescent dyes.
Gender and health literacy: men’s health beliefs and behaviour in Trinidad
Authors: Wills J , Sykes S , Hardy S , Kelly M , Moorley C , Ocho O 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGender variations in health literacy have implications for engagement in preventive behaviours and the uptake of health services, especially in areas such as the Caribbean where there are marked disparities in life expectancy and health service utilization. A self-reported questionnaire was used to examine men’s concepts of health, their help-seeking behaviours and their functional and interactive health literacy. Two hundred and forty-eight men across the life course participated at three sites in Trinidad. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, with free-text responses analysed thematically. Men were concerned about, and accepted responsibility for their own health but social norms concerning sickness and masculinity were barriers to accessing health services. Almost one-third (31.5%) sought advice from a healthcare service when they were last sick because they were prompted to do so by their wife/partner or family. Levels of functional and interactive health literacy were not high among older men, who were reliant on healthcare professionals to communicate health messages. There was an age divide in e-health literacy. There is little published evidence on men’s health literacy, particularly from Caribbean countries such as Trinidad and Tobago. This study highlights the importance of the design and implementation of specific policies focusing on men’s health. A major challenge is to engage with men who do not access health services.
New imported inputs, wages and worker mobility
Authors: Colantone Italo , Matano Alessia , Naticchioni Paolo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We study how firms and industries adjust to increasing international trade in intermediate inputs. In particular, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the effects of new imported inputs on wage dynamics, on the skill-composition of the labor force, on worker mobility, and on assortative matching between firms and workers. We employ matched employer-employee data for Italy, over 1995–2007. We complement these data with information on the arrival of new imported inputs at the industry level. We find new imported inputs to have a positive effect on average wage growth at the firm level. This effect is driven by two factors: (1) an increase in the white-collar/blue-collar ratio; and (2) an increase in the average wage growth of blue-collar workers, while the wage growth of white collars is not significantly affected. The individual-level analysis reveals that the increase in the average wage of blue collars is driven by the displacement of the lowest paid workers, while continuously employed individuals are not affected. We estimate the unobserved skills of workers. We find evidence that new imported inputs lead to a positive selection of higher-skilled workers, and to an increase in the degree of positive assortative matching between firms and workers.
INTRODUCTION: Immune Relevant Animal Models: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Jungersen Gregers , Piedrahita Jorge 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Valid interpretation of preclinical animal models in immunology-related clinical challenges is important to solve outstanding clinical needs. Given the overall complexity of the immune system and both species- and tissue-specific immune peculiarities, the selection and design of appropriate immune-relevant animal models is, however, not following a straightforward path. The topics in this issue of the ILAR Journal provide assessments of immune-relevant animal models used in oncology, hematopoietic-, CAR-T cell- and xenotransplantation, adjuvants and infectious diseases, and immune privileged inflammation that are providing key insights into unmet human clinical needs.
Ringel Duals of Brauer Algebras via Super Groups
Authors: Coulembier Kevin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe prove that the Brauer algebra, for all parameters for which it is quasi-hereditary, is Ringel dual to a category of representations of the orthosymplectic super group. As a consequence we obtain new and algebraic proofs for some results on the fundamental theorems of invariant theory for this super group over the complex numbers and also extend them to some cases in positive characteristic. Our methods also apply to the walled Brauer algebra in which case we obtain a duality with the general linear super group, with similar applications.
Efficacy and safety of tigecycline in treatment of pneumonia caused by MDR Acinetobacter baumannii: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mei Hekun , Yang Tianli , Wang Jin , Wang Rui , Cai Yun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundUse of tigecycline in treating MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) remains controversial.ObjectivesTo comprehensively assess the safety and efficacy of tigecycline in pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases were searched up to 12 March 2019. Studies were included if they compared tigecycline-based regimens with other antibiotic regimens for treating AB pulmonary infections and we pooled the clinical outcomes, microbiological response, adverse events or mortality.ResultsOne prospective study and nine retrospective studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed similar clinical cure rates (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.60–1.81; P = 0.89) and mortality rates (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.65–1.89; P = 0.71) comparing tigecycline groups with the control groups. However, a significantly lower microbiological eradication rate was found in the tigecycline groups (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.27–0.66; P = 0.0001). Incidence of nephrotoxicity in tigecycline-based regimens was significantly lower than in colistin-based regimens (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.16–0.74, I2 = 35%, P = 0.006). There were no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included; incomplete safety data and regional bias caused by the majority of the studies originating in China are the main limitations of this meta-analysis.ConclusionsTigecycline can be used for treating MDRAB pulmonary infections owing to efficacy similar to that of other antibiotics. Moreover, tigecycline did not show a higher risk of mortality. Considering the lower microbiological eradication rate for tigecycline, which is likely to induce antimicrobial resistance, well-designed RCTs for high-dose tigecycline in treating pneumonia caused by AB are still needed.
Development of quality indicators for the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia
Authors: ten Oever Jaap , Jansen Joëll L , van der Vaart Thomas W , Schouten Jeroen A , Hulscher Marlies E J L , Verbon Annelies 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) is a serious and often fatal infectious disease. The quality of management of SAB is modifiable and can thus affect the outcome. Quality indicators (QIs) can be used to measure the quality of care of the various aspects of SAB management in hospitals, enabling professionals to identify targets for improvement and stimulating them to take action.

Objectives
To develop QIs for the management of hospitalized patients with SAB.

Methods
A RAND-modified Delphi procedure was used to develop a set of QIs for the management of SAB in hospitalized patients. First, available QIs for the management of SAB were extracted from the literature published since 1 January 2000 (MEDLINE and Embase databases). Thereafter, an international multidisciplinary expert panel appraised these QIs during two questionnaire rounds with an intervening face-to-face meeting.

Results
The literature search resulted in a list of 39 potential QIs. After appraisal by 30 medical specialists, 25 QIs describing recommended care at patient level were selected. These QIs defined appropriate follow-up blood cultures (n=2), echocardiography (n=6), source control (n=4), antibiotic therapy (n=7), antibiotic dose adjustment (n=2), intravenous-to-oral switch (n=2), infectious disease consultation (n=1) and medical discharge report (n=1).

Conclusions
A set of 25 QIs for the management of SAB for hospitalized patients was developed by using a RAND-modified Delphi procedure among international experts. These QIs can measure the quality of various aspects of SAB management. This information can be fed back to the relevant stakeholders in order to identify improvement targets and optimize care.
Comparison of the cohort selection performance of Australian Medicines Terminology to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical mappings
Authors: Guo Guan N , Jonnagaddala Jitendra , Farshid Sanjay , Huser Vojtech , Reich Christian , Liaw Siaw-Teng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
Electronic health records are increasingly utilized for observational and clinical research. Identification of cohorts using electronic health records is an important step in this process. Previous studies largely focused on the methods of cohort selection, but there is little evidence on the impact of underlying vocabularies and mappings between vocabularies used for cohort selection. We aim to compare the cohort selection performance using Australian Medicines Terminology to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) mappings from 2 different sources. These mappings were taken from the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP-CDM) and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) schedule.

Materials and Methods
We retrieved patients from the electronic Practice Based Research Network data repository using 3 ATC classification groups (A10, N02A, N06A). The retrieved patients were further verified manually and pooled to form a reference standard which was used to assess the accuracy of mappings using precision, recall, and F measure metrics.

Results
The OMOP-CDM mappings identified 2.6%, 15.2%, and 24.4% more drugs than the PBS mappings in the A10, N02A and N06A groups respectively. Despite this, the PBS mappings generally performed the same in cohort selection as OMOP-CDM mappings except for the N02A Opioids group, where a significantly greater number of patients were retrieved. Both mappings exhibited variable recall, but perfect precision, with all drugs found to be correctly identified.

Conclusion
We found that 1 of the 3 ATC groups had a significant difference and this affected cohort selection performance. Our findings highlighted that underlying terminology mappings can greatly impact cohort selection accuracy. Clinical researchers should carefully evaluate vocabulary mapping sources including methodologies used to develop those mappings.
To Flower and Fructify: Rational Religion and the Seeds of Islam in Nazir Ahmad’s (1830–1912) Late-career Religious Non-fiction
Authors: Lhost Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Known primarily for his popular and moralizing novels, Nazir Ahmad’s (1830–1912) accomplishments as a scholar of Islam are often omitted from his biography. Yet in addition to working for the British Government of India, participating in Muslim social, political, and educational initiatives on the subcontinent, and demonstrating his linguistic and legal acumen by translating the law codes of British India into vernacular Urdu, Nazir Ahmad also translated religious texts and penned his own original compositions on themes of religion, society, and ethics. Reviewing the ideas presented in his comprehensive three-volume al-Ḥuqūq va-l-farāʾiż (1905–6) and his shorter catechism Ijtihād (1906), this article outlines Nazir Ahmad’s theory of worldly religion and introduces his concept of Islamic humanism in response to ulema-centric approaches to Islamic revival and reform in British India.
Determining Sexual Dimorphism of Living Aquatic Beetles, Stygoparnus comalensis (Coleoptera: Dryopidae) and Heterelmis comalensis (Coleoptera: Elmidae), Using Internal Abdominal Structures
Authors: Kosnicki Ely 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Comal Springs dryopid beetle, Stygoparnus comalensis Barr and Spangler, and the Comal Springs riffle beetle, Heterelmis comalensis Bosse, Tuff, and Brown, are protected by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the development of a captive self-propagating refuge is of importance to stakeholders within the Edwards Aquifer. Being able to reliably distinguish the sex of living subjects is desirable for establishing a successful refuge program. Ventrite, elytron, and pronotum measurements of S. comalensis were taken to determine if there were sexually dimorphic allometries. Various lighting techniques were also implemented to see if there were other characters that could potentially be used to distinguish females and males. Measurements were not found to satisfactorily separate sexes; however, lateral lighting was found to consistently illuminate internal abdominal structures of S. comalensis where sternite 8 was viewable in males and the fused gonocoxites were viewable in females. Lateral lighting was used to examine living specimens of H. comalensis, and it was found that sternite 8 could be viewed in both sexes where the anterior strut of females was much longer and discernible from the anterior strut of males. Commentary regarding the use of cameras and photography for observing living subjects is given.
Social Norms and Legal Design
Authors: Deffains Bruno , Fluet Claude 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe consider legal obligations against a background of social norms, for example, societal norms, professional codes of conduct, or business standards. Violations of the law trigger reputational sanctions insofar as they signal nonadherence to underlying norms, raising the issue of the design of offenses. We show that the law generally ought to follow social norms or be stricter than them. When society is only concerned with the trade-off between deterrence and enforcement costs, legal standards defining offenses should align with underlying norms so long as the latter are not too deficient. When providing productive information to third parties is also a concern, legal standards should either align with underlying norms with fines that trade off deterrence against the provision of information; or legal standards should be more demanding and enforced with purely symbolic sanctions, for example, public reprimands. Our analysis has implications for general law enforcement and regulatory policies. (JEL: D8, K4, Z13)