bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appraisal and Management of Erosive Wear as a Tool for Facility Integrity Assurance Exemplified by the Oil-Gathering System of Novy Port Field, LLC Gazpromneft-Yamal
Authors: Blyablyas Alexander , Vershinin Sergey , Vernikovskaya Olga 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the current era of new materials, current technology limits and restrictions are de-bottlenecked. The application of new alloys and composite materials makes it possible to accelerate velocity, pressures and stress of mechanisms and systems. Despite apparent breakthrough technologies however, over 1 million failures of pipeline systems are reported annually. Those entail emergency situations, spillage of process fluids and oil products, corrosive media and cause irrecoverable damage to the natural environment.
The interest to inline research is caused by the fact that the existing inspection pigging and gravimetric methods using pilot joints only allow one to detect general destruction of the material in flow while predominant effect of each of the impacting factors remains unknown.
Parallel processes like corrosion and erosion are inseparable at the first glance especially in gas-liquid mixtures with high flow rates and existence of solids. Erosion is the destruction of material caused by the effect of dynamic flow of gas, solid particles and electrical discharges. The problem of erosive wear and consequently, the management and protection of pipeline systems and machinery elements becomes especially relevant nowadays.
It often happens that a gravimetric test reports high-rate destruction of metal and a false decision is made to increase inhibitor dosage; it is an often case, however, that it is erosive wear that causes destruction. Appraisal and selection of a clear and consistent method to appraise the rate of metal erosive destruction can help us clearly delineate between corrosion and erosion, and select a tool for the management of those processes, as well as increase operation time of pipeline systems between repairs and improve the quality of hydraulic calculations.
Regular alteration of the methods of lifting from producing wells is a common practice among oil companies. Minor changes in the fluid volume, physical or chemical composition of medium, or water cut when replacing pumping equipment for an oil gathering system do not, as a rule, affect the time between repairs of either the equipment, or field systems. It is a different story when part of the active producing stock is converted to gas lift which results in drastic increase of gas content in the produced multi-phase flow.
This manuscript will describe existing empirical methods for the calculation of erosive destructions and values of assumed coefficients / factors; it will also provide an appraisal of erosive impact on a specific section of an active oil-gathering system in Novoportovskoe ("Novy Port") field of LLC Gazpromneft-Yamal.
Contactless Monitoring Systems for the Offshore Production Platforms
Authors: Eremin Nikolai , Khusnutdinov Linar , Yusipov Ruslan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The report describes a contactless system for monitoring the technical condition of the production platforms. Technological binding of the caissons of offshore platforms requires the creation of a monitoring system. A monitoring system has been proposed to reduce the risk of operating production platforms with caissons. The complex of equipment for the monitoring system of the platform is described. The monitoring system is based on the use of the method of magnetic tomography.
Integration of a Multi-Frequency Dielectric Measurement and Advanced Wireline Logs for the Enhanced Characterization of Carbonate Reservoirs of the Western Kazakhstan
Authors: Valiakhmetov Rustem , Mendybaev Nurhat , Ramatullayev Samat , Charupa Mikhail , Seilov Yerlan , Abishev Abduakhit , Rziyeva Zarya , Salikova Nurgul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Saturation evaluation based on resistivity methods have been widely accepted industry standard for the decades. Formation Evaluation in carbonates usually relatively straightforward due to simple lithology and resistivity-based methods works perfectly due to high formation water salinity. However, complexity and variation of carbonate texture and wettability makes estimating of saturation solely on resistivity methods challenging especially in case of the paucity of special core analysis (SCAL) data.
New developments in logging technology, especially in dielectric logging, is aiming to improve the log derived interpretation and reduce the uncertainties of the evaluation. Outputs of dielectric dispersion logs including computation of Archie's parameters (m=n), water-filled porosity enable clearly identified the hydrocarbon-bearing zones despite misleading oil saturation calculated using resistivity-dependent saturation approach in front of most porous reservoir. Water saturation computed with inverted from dielectric measurement Archie's parameters allows accurately identify the type of fluid (hydrocarbon or water) filling the free pore space and gain insight prior to the formation sampling and well test.
The objective of this work is to describe a comprehensive approach integrating dielectric measurement and other advanced sets of wireline logs for petrophysical characterization of carbonate reservoirs. This paper is intended to discuss in detail a case study from the Western Kazakhstan in which the integration of advanced petrophysical logs has enabled a robust reservoir and fluid characterization of carbonate reservoir and provided insights for formation testing results in advance.
The extensive logging suite to address all the key challenges included standard logging, dielectric dispersion, nuclear magnetic resonance, and formation microimager. The reservoir fluids and dynamic properties were characterized by a series of formation sampling. The integration of dielectric, nuclear magnetic resonance and formation microimager measurements has played a major role in characterizing formation heterogeneity and reveal pore structure type, a dielectric multi-frequency measurement is being utilized to measure the flushed zone oil saturation relatively independent of pore fluid salinity, rock texture, and composition.
The comparative analysis of well-logging and well-test results was carried out. Saturation types of 6 tested objects out of 6 obtained from well-test show perfect match with predicted reservoir saturation from petrophysical evaluation.
Horizontal Wells Geosteering and Reservoir Characterization by Using Advanced Mud Logging on the Example of the Terrigenous Reservoir of Eastern Siberia
Authors: Rotaru Anna , Kushnikov Alexander , Vorobyov Vladimir , Podberezhnyy Maxim , Bakhursky Vladislav , Khalikov Roman , Fagereva Veronika , Partyko Denis 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the utilization of advanced mud logging to support drilling of horizontal well on the Ignyalinsky license area of Eastern Siberia. The advanced mud logging complex includes specialized software for recording and analysing geological and technical drilling parameters; technological sensors for registration of drilling parameters with the permissible limits of errors no more than 1%; advanced gas logging by using a high-resolution chromatograph at suction and return lines; geochemical analysis devices for XRF, XRD cuttings analysis and natural gamma radiation analysis of cuttings; the use of cuttings weighing machines to quantify the degree of the wellbore cleaning. This article discusses the application of listed data for geosteering and clarifying the geological model of the reservoir.
The lithological analysis of cuttings is carried out on the base of mineral and elemental cuttings composition, which, unlike field data of a standard mud logging survey, exclude the concept of "human factor" during analysing the lithology of cutting samples.
The data on mineral and elemental composition of wells were interpreted to clarify the lateral variability of the reservoir and to highlight potential reservoir intervals. Advanced gas logging was used to identify potential reservoir interval in pilot well, and consequently to plan MDT works.
Data on elemental composition of cuttings sample from pilot section and from core analysis of nearby exploration wells were used to construct geochemical profile of the reservoir. Furthermore, reference chemical elements were selected to mark the well position in the reservoir: exit above or beneath the target interval. XRF elemental analysis while drilling was used to improve borehole position in conjunction to LWD data.
The elemental composition of cuttings of horizontal well were used for facial interpretation, which is not captured by LWD tools. So, ancient fluvial channel bodies were identified on the base of geochemical rock typing, and potential reservoir intervals are suggested. The performed interpretation was verified by the resultsof the multistage hydraulic fracturing.
Experience of Using Various Horizontal Well Logging Technologies During Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing at Sredne-Nazymskoye Field
Authors: Karpov Valery , Parshin Nikolay , Ryazanov Arsenty , Ovchinnikov Kirill , Novikov Igor , Malyavko Evgeny 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In today’s operations in the conditions of drilling technologies active development, well completion and production intensification, there is a tendency towards increasing growth lengths of horizontal sections of horizontal drilling volumes, resulting in an increase of multi-zone hydraulic fracturing stages.
With existing conventional horizontal well logging methods, alternative technologies that utilize tracer-based inflow indicators are becoming more common. These technologies enable horizontal well production logging and allow users to obtain long-term analytical information.
The objective of this article is to analyze the efficiency of several production logging methods applied to horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing at Sredne-Nazymskoye field.
During the project, horizontal well oil and water inflows were monitored using a 15-stage hydraulic fracturing and the application of marked polymer-coated proppant. Monodisperse polymer microglobules, encoded for each stage of the multi-stage hydraulic fracturing and interacting selectively with water and oil, were used as markers. Upon completion of the stimulation works and once the well was put into operation, formation fluid sampling from the wellhead was carried out with subsequent analysis to determine the concentration of markers of each code and was associated with fracturing stages.
Well production logging with the marked proppant application was carried out periodically for several months, and the horizontal well profiles were built on the basis of the obtained analytical data. The results allowed us to conduct a long-term analysis of the stimulation efficiency for each of the hydraulic fracturing stages. We also used the data to assess the formation reserves development for each of the multi-stage hydraulic fracturing stages.
In contrast to conventional logging methods, the primary advantage of the horizontal well production logging technology is that there is no requirement to use special means of tool deliver and there is no risk of down-hole tools getting stuck or a loss or ambiguity of interpretation.
During the course of the study, the performance of the monitoring technology was confirmed using flow indicators placed in the hydraulic fractures, providing long-term selective interaction of marker particles with water and oil parts of formation fluid. The obtained geological and technical information contributes to further planning of effective geological and technical measures and additional oil recovery.
Conducting Multi-Stage Acid Hydraulic Fracturing in Carbonate Formations with Subsequent Intervals Production Efficiency Monitoring
Authors: Lutfullin Azat , Khusainov Ruslan , Manurov Ildar , Ovchinnikov Kirill , Malyavko Evgeny 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Tracer (marker)-based horizontal well studies are becoming increasingly common in the oil industry with the application of the innovative inflow indicators allowing production logging in horizontal wells along the well. This allows users to obtain analytical information for the effective management of production and field development processes. These technologies can significantly reduce costs and risks for oil and gas producing companies compared to conventional logging methods.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the production logging of horizontal wells stimulated with multi-stage acid fracturing. The monitoring technology was based on injecting marker dispersions into formation together with the acid stream during hydraulic fracturing. Acid-resistant monodisperse polymer microglobules, encoded for each of the stages using quantum dots and selectively interacting with water and oil, were used as marker inflow indicators.
Acidic multi-stage fracturing was carried by utilizing a unique technology from "toe" to "heel" using a piercing perforator and CT with the injection of acid through the annular space. The separation of acid fracturing zones was carried out by the axial array packer. After the completion of stimulation works and after putting the well into operation, formation fluid sampling from the wellhead was carried out and analyzed to determine the number of tracers of each code.
Based on the obtained analytical data, the formation fluid inflow profile along the horizontal well was built, allowing us to analyze the stimulation efficiency for each of the acid fracturing stages.
Additionally, tasks such as the selection of the type and formulation of marker dispersions, their testing for compatibility with hydrochloric acid and hydraulic fracturing gel, working out the method for supplying tracers to the well and their placement in the formation, and evaluating the tracer particles adsorption degree in the rock were solved.
Unlike conventional production logging in horizontal wells, the applied technology does not require special means of tool delivery and minimizes the risk of downhole tools getting stuck in the well and ambiguous data interpretation. It also does not require significant working costs.
During the course of the work, the acid resistance and the physicochemical stability of the selected flow indicators in reservoir thermobaric conditions were confirmed. For the first time, production logging was conducted using the carbonate formation type and multi-stage acid fracturing, during which the inflow indicators were placed in eloxated acid fractures with long-term selective interaction of tracer particles with formation fluid. Based on the work results, geological and technical information was obtained for further planning of efficient geological and technical measures and additional oil recovery.
Development of the Technology for Obtaining Relative Phase Permeabilities at Different Temperatures Based on Digital Stochastic Poro-Network Modeling
Authors: Zhizhimontov Ivan Nikolaevich , Stepanov Sergey Viktorovich , Stepanov Anatoly Viktorovich 
Published: October 2019

Summary
The article uses the description of the stochastic pore-network model to calculate the relative phase permeability functions (RPP) taking into account the effect of temperature. The development of virtual models consists in the creation of virtual digital models in which no model was found that uses stochastic reconstruction and the subsequent modeling of isothermal two-phase passage in grids of capillary channels at different temperatures. The calculation of the RPP at different temperatures is performed according to the model adjusted for the laboratory RPP data obtained at the initial reservoir temperature. The calculated RPPs were used in hydrodynamic modeling of the development of a highly viscous oil field site. According to the simulation results, the magnitude of the effect of taking into account the effect of temperature on the RPP was established.
PD-1 overexpression determines the disproportion of circulating Th1/Th17/Treg cells and clinical outcome of multiple myeloma
Authors: Kosmaczewska Agata , Masternak Anna , Kosciow Katarzyna , Ciszak Lidia , Usnarska-Zubkiewicz Lidia , Szteblich Aleksandra , Potoczek Stanislaw , Frydecka Irena 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The role of particular immune checkpoints in the induction of systemic immunosuppression, which severely complicates the clinical course and prognosis in multiple myeloma (MM), is still unresolved. Only a subset of MM patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors derive benefits, suggesting differential participation of relevant receptors in the inhibitory signaling pathway. This study was undertaken to identify an immune checkpoint playing a key role in systemic T-cell-related immune deficiency in MM in the context of Th1/Th17/Treg cell distribution.Methods We used flow cytometry assay to examine the expression of PD-1, BTLA, and CTLA-4 in peripheral blood (PB) CD4 + , CD4 + CD127 + (Teff), and CD4 + CD127 - (Treg) T cell subsets as well as the balance of Th1/Th17/Treg cells. The study group consisted of 40 untreated (newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory) myeloma patients in different clinical stages. The obtained results were compared to those observed in 20 healthy controls.Results Among immune checkpoints studied, only PD-1 was expressed on a significantly increased proportion of circulating Teff and Treg cells in MM; we also noted a positive correlation of PD-1 expression with clinical stage. Furthermore, the percentage of PD-1 + Teff cells was correlated with beta2-microglobulin serum concentration and shorter overall survival (OS). We also found higher Th17 and Treg compartments in PB irrespectively of tumor stage; however, in some studied subsets, a decrease at stage III was observed. Moreover, PB Th1 deficit (more pronounced in advanced disease) was also observed. Except for the PD-1 + Teff subset, none of the examined cell population was related to OS.Conclusions The study indicates that PD-1 expression on circulating T cell subsets may contribute to the imbalance in PB Th1/Th17/Treg cell distribution and systemic immunosuppression in MM. PD-1 seems to be the only immune checkpoint determining clinical behavior of patients, thereby strengthening the therapeutic potential for inhibitors.
Social participation of students with special educational needs in inclusive elementary schools
Authors: Marlina Marlina , Kusumastuti Grahita 
Published: October 2019

This article examines the social participation of students with special needs in four aspects, namely friendship, interaction, social self-perception, and peers acceptance. This study discuss about the social participation of students with special needs in inclusive school. This research is descriptive quantitative and the relationship between the four aspects of social participation. The subject of this research are students with special needs and regular students in ten inclusive elementary school, Padang. The social self-perception was measured with three aspects such as the Self-Perception Profile for Children, The Self-Description Questionnaire and Peer Social Acceptance The results showed that the majority of students with special needs have a satisfying level of social participation. However, if compared with their peers (regular students), students with special needs are more likely to have difficulties on social participation. In general, students with special needs have fewer friends and have less cohesive friendship than their peers. In addition, students with special needs have less interaction with peers, more interaction with the teacher, and less accepted by their normal peers. Social self-perception of students with special needs and regular students are no different. There is no significant differences in social participation in both groups.
Serendipitous identification of Pratylenchus curvicauda from the grainbelt of Western Australia
Authors: Begum Farhana , Fosu-Nyarko John , Sharma Shashi , Macleod Bill , Collins Sarah , Jones Michael G. K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A Pratylenchus species identified during a survey of Pratylenchus quasitereoides incidence at four locations of the grainbelt of Western Australia is described. Morphological and morphometric features indicated the previously undescribed morphotypes in nematode mixtures encountered were conspecific to P. curvicauda, and were clearly distinguishable from nine common Pratylenchus spp. Typical features of P. curvicauda were its body length (415–540 µm), which was curved to a c-shaped with a maximum body diameter of 20 µm, and the nature of its tail; 34 µm long, 2.8 µm wide at the anus and a typical ventrally arcuate with a round terminus. Sequenced for the first time, the sequences of the partial 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-partial 28S (80 clones, 14 individual nematodes) and the 28S-D3 (17 clones) regions of the rDNA of P. curvicauda had overall mean distances of 0.013 and 0.085, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses with sequences of both segments of the rDNA clearly showed the P. curvicauda isolates as monophyletic, distinct from ca 40 Pratylenchus species. Notably, it was distinct from Pratylenchus species present in Australia including P. quasitereoides and a Western Australia isolate of P. thornei. Further research into the biology of P. curvicauda is needed to facilitate development of strategies for its management, if it is an important pest.
Solubility behavior of δ-AlOOH and ε-FeOOH at high pressures
Authors: Xu Chaowen , Nishi Masayuki , Inoue Toru 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Low-pressure polymorphs of AlOOH and FeOOH are common natural oxyhydroxides at the Earth's surface, which may transport hydrogen to the deep mantle via subduction. At elevated pressures, the low-pressure polymorphs transform into δ-AlOOH and ε-FeOOH with CaCl2-type structure, which form a solid solution above 18 GPa. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the solid solution behavior of this binary system in detail. In this study, we ascertain the phase relations in the AlOOH–FeOOH binary system at 15–25 GPa and 700–1200 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of quenched samples show that δ-AlOOH and ε-FeOOH partly form solid solutions over wide pressure and temperature ranges. Our results demonstrate that a binary eutectic diagram is formed without dehydration or melting below 1200 °C at 20 GPa. We also observe that the maximum solubilities of Al and Fe in the solid solutions are more strongly influenced by temperature than pressure. Our results suggest that the CaCl2-type hydroxides subducted into the deep mantle form a solid solution over a wide composition range. As AlOOH and FeOOH are present in hydrous crust, these phases may be subducted into the deep interior, transporting a significant amount of hydrogen to deeper regions. Therefore, a better understanding of this binary system may help elucidate the model geodynamic processes associated with the deep water cycling in the Earth.