bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of exposure to summer environments on skin properties
Authors: Kim S. , Park J.W. , Yeon Y. , Han J.Y. , Kim E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cosmetic companies have launched products to combat extreme environments (hot or cold) and various pollutants, research into the effects of these conditions on skin properties is lacking. We aimed to investigate the influence of exposure to outdoor environments during summer on skin properties.MethodsWe enrolled 20 women in their 20s and 40s. They were exposed to outdoor and indoor environments for 90 min each in July 2016. Skin evaluations were performed on the face (forehead and cheek) and forearm. Skin hydration level, sebum secretion, trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL), pH and greasiness were evaluated.ResultsSkin hydration levels, sebum secretion, TEWL and greasiness in all examined regions were higher after outdoor exposure than after indoor exposure; however, skin pH decreased after outdoor exposure. Hydration levels on the forearm and sebum secretion on the face increased, whereas hydration levels and TEWL on the cheek, greasiness in all regions except the cheek, and pH in all regions decreased during the 90‐min outdoor exposure. The hydration levels in all regions except the cheek, sebum secretion and greasiness on the face increased, but the TEWL and the pH declined after being indoors.ConclusionHot environments cause the production of more sweat, increasing hydration levels, sebum secretion, TEWL, and greasiness and reducing skin pH. After acclimatization, skin hydration on the cheek decreases because of sweat evaporation. Cosmetics that are marketed for use in summer should control sweat and sebum secretion, solve related inconveniences, and provide moisture, especially on the cheeks.
Money, Asset Prices, and the Liquidity Premium
Authors: LEE SEUNGDUCK 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of monetary policy on the market value of the liquidity services that financial assets provide, known as the liquidity premium. The theory predicts that money supply and nominal interest rates have positive effects on the liquidity premium, but asset supply has a negative effect. The empirical analysis with U.S. data confirms the theoretical predictions. The theory also proposes that the liquidity properties of assets can cause negative nominal yields when the money holding cost is low and liquid assets are scarce. The suggestive empirical findings in Switzerland to support this theoretical result are presented.
Who is in charge of the care of patients with acute abdominal pain? An interview study with managers across the acute care chain
Authors: Tegelberg Alexander , Jangland Eva , Juhlin Claes , Muntlin Athlin Åsa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAim and objectivesTo describe managers' perspectives on the care of patients with acute abdominal pain and explore how they influence the care.BackgroundPatients with acute abdominal pain form a common group of patients who often report poor pain management. Managers are key actors in ensuring that patients receive high‐quality care. This stresses the need to deepen the understanding of their perspectives on these patients, in order to provide high‐quality fundamental care across the acute care chain.DesignQualitative descriptive semi‐structured interview study, with an inductive approach. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) was used.MethodsIndividual interviews were conducted with managers (n = 17) from ambulance services, emergency departments and surgical departments at four hospitals in Sweden, representing managers at the micro‐ and macrolevels across the acute care chain.ResultsThe patient group was described as a challenging heterogeneous group, with a focus on medical care, shaped by clinical practice guidelines, for which others were responsible. Managers with a physician background expressed that nursing care was important for the outcome of the care, while managers with a nursing background focused solely on the medical care. Additionally, the managers described that they affected the care by providing resources and serving as role models.ConclusionsThe solely medical perspective is worrying. By being a stakeholder, the managers' responsibility should be to highlight the patient perspective in the care and promote and support all health professionals in redesigning the care, where achieving higher quality both in nursing and in medical care for patients with acute abdominal pain becomes a shared goal.Relevance to clinical practiceManagers should use their leadership to bridge the gap between medicine and nursing care by highlighting patients' need for fundamental care, and to support health professionals in providing evidence‐based and high‐quality care.
Nitrous oxide cryotherapy for the management of benign lesions of the oral cavity
Authors: Farah Camile S. , Koelmeyer Natasha , Kaney Anjuli , Simanovic Borjana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCryotherapy is the deliberate destruction of tissue by the application of extreme cold, and has been indicated as a treatment modality for the management of commonly occurring benign oral pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate treatment protocol parameters and effectiveness of a closed cryotherapy system for the management of oral mucoceles and vascular malformations.MethodsThis retrospective study analyzed data collected from a specialist oral medicine clinic referred for treatment of oral mucoceles or vascular malformations. Data was analyzed to determine lesion characteristics, treatment parameters, and clinical effectiveness of a closed cryotherapy system.ResultsThe closed cryotherapy system achieved 100% success rate in lesion resolution. For both pathologies, increased lesion diameter was related to increased number of cryotherapy appointments, increased number of freeze cycles, and increased cumulative freeze time. 95% of vascular malformations and 83.34% of mucoceles resolved with no signs of post‐operative complication, and patients did not report postoperative pain.ConclusionsCryotherapy is an excellent treatment option for benign lesion management. It is minimally invasive, causes minimal discomfort, and has a high rate of clinical success.
Phase separation in biology and disease—a symposium report
Authors: Cable Jennifer , Brangwynne Clifford , Seydoux Geraldine , Cowburn David , Pappu Rohit V. , Castañeda Carlos A. , Berchowitz Luke E. , Chen Zhijuan , Jonikas Martin , Dernburg Abby , Mittag Tanja , Fawzi Nicolas L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhase separation of multivalent protein and RNA molecules enables cells the formation of reversible nonstoichiometric, membraneless assemblies. These assemblies, referred to as biomolecular condensates, help with the spatial organization and compartmentalization of cellular matter. Each biomolecular condensate is defined by a distinct macromolecular composition. Distinct condensates have distinct preferential locations within cells, and they are associated with distinct biological functions, including DNA replication, RNA metabolism, signal transduction, synaptic transmission, and stress response. Several proteins found in biomolecular condensates have also been implicated in disease, including Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and several types of cancer. Disease‐associated mutations in these proteins have been found to affect the material properties of condensates as well as the driving forces for phase separation. Understanding the intrinsic and extrinsic forces driving the formation and dissolution of biomolecular condensates via spontaneous and driven phase separation is an important step in understanding the processes associated with biological regulation in health and disease.
Spatio‐temporal land use multi‐objective optimization: A case study in Central China
Authors: Cao Kai , Zhang Wenting , Wang Tianwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMuch effort has been applied to the study of land use multi‐objective optimization. However, most of these studies have focused on the final land use scenarios in the projected year, without considering how to reach the final optimized land use scenario. To fill this gap, a spatio‐temporal land use multi‐objective optimization (STLU‐MOO) model is innovatively proposed in this research to determine possible spatial land use solutions over time. The STLU‐MOO is an extension of a genetic land use multi‐objective optimization model (LU‐MOO) in which the LU‐MOO is generally carried out in different years, and the solutions at year T will affect the solutions at year T + 1. We used the Wuhan agglomeration (WHA) as our case study area. The STLU‐MOO model was employed separately for the nine cities in the WHA, and social, economic, and environmental objectives have been considered. The success of the experiments in the case study demonstrated the value and novelty of our proposed STLU‐MOO model. In addition, the results also indicated that the objectives considered in the case study were in conflict. According to the results, the optimal land use plan in 2050 can be traced back to 2040, 2030, and 2020, providing a series of Pareto solutions over the years which can provide spatio‐temporal land use multi‐objective optimization solutions to support the land use planning process.
StarBorn: Towards making in‐situ land cover data generation fun with a location‐based game
Authors: Baer Manuel F. , Wartmann Flurina M. , Purves Ross S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractData contributed by a large number of non‐experts is increasingly used to validate and curate land cover data, with location‐based games (LBGs) developed for this purpose generating particular interest. We here present our findings on StarBorn, a novel LBG with a strong focus on game play. Users conquer game‐tiles by visiting real‐world locations and collecting land cover data. Within three months, StarBorn generated 13,319 land cover classifications by 84 users. Results show that data are concentrated around users’ daily life spaces, agreement among users is highest for urban and industry land cover, and user‐generated land cover classifications exhibit high agreement with an authoritative data set. However, we also observe low user retention rates and negative correlations between number of contributions and agreement rates with an authoritative land cover product. We recommend that future work consider not only game play, but also how motivational aspects influence behavior and data quality. We conclude that LBGs are suitable tools for generating cost‐efficient in‐situ land cover classifications.
Three‐dimensional terrain modeling with multiple‐source illumination
Authors: Florinsky I. V. , Filippov S. V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) terrain modeling based on digital elevation models (DEMs) with the use of orthographic and perspective projections is a standard procedure implemented in many commercial and open‐source geoinformation systems. However, standard tools may be insufficient for 3D scientific visualization. In particular, single‐source illumination of 3D models may be deficient for topographically complex terrains. We present an approach for 3D terrain modeling with multiple‐source illumination in the virtual environment of the Blender free and open‐source software. The approach includes the following key stages: (1) automatic creation of a polygonal object; (2) selecting an algorithm to model the 3D geometry; (3) selecting a vertical exaggeration scale; (4) selecting types, parameters, a number, and positions of light sources; (5) selecting methods for generating shadows; (6) selecting a shading method for the 3D model; (7) selecting a material for the 3D model surface; (8) overlaying a texture on the 3D model; (9) setting a virtual camera; and (10) rendering the 3D model. To illustrate the approach, we processed a test DEM extracted from the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean version 3.0 (IBCAO 3.0). The approach is currently being used to develop a system for geomorphometric modeling of the Arctic Ocean floor.
Simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from hypersaline wastewater by bioaugmented intermittently aerated biological filter (IABF)
Authors: Sang Yizhou , Lin Aiguo , Liu Xinliang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSimultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from hypersaline wastewater by halophiles bioaugmented intermittently aerated biological filter (IABF) was systematically investigated in this research. The bioaugmented IABF showed significantly improved simultaneous nutrient removal efficiency in salinity range of 6–11% compared to the uninoculated IABF although the benefit of inoculation was no more evident with further increase in salinity. As high as 12% difference in COD removal efficiency, 18% difference in TN removal efficiency and 14.6% difference in TP removal efficiency were observed between the inoculated and uninoculated IABF. Reactor performance was negatively affected by backwashing at hypersaline conditions. However, inoculation of halophiles reduced the biofilm recovery time after backwashing. Growth curve of halophiles, as well as biomass loading and dehydrogenase activity, at different salinities were studied to explore the bioaugmentation mechanism. Excellent correlation was observed between the halophile growth curve, biomass loading and DHA and the removal efficiency of the organic pollutant, which can be used to predict the biofilter performance in removing the organic matters through the analysis of halophiles growth curve, biomass loading and DHA in the reactor.
Smoke-free prisons in England: indoor air quality before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free policy
Authors: Jayes Leah R , Murray Rachael L , Opazo Breton Magdalena , Hill Christopher , Ratschen Elena , Britton John 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesHigh levels of particulate pollution due to secondhand smoke (SHS) have previously been recorded in English prisons. As part of an evaluation to ascertain whether a new comprehensive smoke-free policy introduced in the first four prisons in England was successfully implemented, this study compares indoor air quality on prison wing landing locations three months before and three months after going smoke-free.DesignAn indoor air quality monitoring study, comparing SHS levels before and after a comprehensive smoke-free prison policy.SettingThe first four prisons in England to implement a comprehensive smoke-free policy.Primary and secondary measuresWe compared concentrations of airborne particulate matter <2.5 microns in diameter (PM₂.₅), as a marker for SHS, on wing landing locations three months before and three months after the smoke-free policy was implemented. Static battery operated aerosol monitors were used to sample concentrations of PM₂.₅ on wing landings.ResultsAfter discarding data from monitors that had been tampered with we were able to analyse paired data across four prisons from 74 locations, across 29 wing landing locations, for an average sampling time of five hours and eight minutes. When comparing samples taken three months before with the paired samples taken three months after policy implementation (paired for prison, day of the week, time of day, wing location and position of monitor), there was a 66% reduction in mean PM₂.₅ concentrations across the four prisons sampled, from 39 to 13 µg/m³ (difference 26 µg/m³, 95% CI 25 to 26 µg/m³).ConclusionPrison smoke-free policies achieve significant improvements in indoor air quality. A national smoke-free policy would therefore be an effective means of protecting prisoners and staff from harm due to SHS exposure in the prison environment.
Perceptions of older adults in Ontario, Canada on the implementation and impact of a primary care programme, Health Teams Advancing Patient Experience: Strengthening Quality (Health TAPESTRY): a descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Ploeg Jenny , Valaitis Ruta Kristina , Cleghorn Laura , Yous Marie-Lee , Gaber Jessica , Agarwal Gina , Kastner Monika , Mangin Dee , Oliver Doug , Parascandalo Fiona , Risdon Cathy , Dolovich Lisa 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore the perceptions of older adults on the implementation and impact of Health Teams Advancing Patient Experience: Strengthening Quality (Health TAPESTRY), a multicomponent primary care programme that seeks to improve care coordination for individuals through health-related goal-setting supported by trained lay volunteers who are an extension of an interprofessional team, and the use of technology to support communication among the team.DesignThis study used a qualitative descriptive design.SettingThe setting for this study was two primary care practice sites located in a large urban area in Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsThe sample consisted of community-dwelling older adults aged 70 years and older. Participants were recruited from a convenience sample obtained from 360 clients who participated in the 12-month Health TAPESTRY randomised controlled trial.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 32 older adults either face-to-face or by telephone. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using a constant comparative approach to develop themes.ResultsOlder adults’ perceptions about the Health TAPESTRY programme included (1) the lack of a clear purpose and understanding of how information was shared among providers, (2) mixed positive and negative perceptions of goal-setting and provider follow-up after inhome visits by volunteers, (3) positive impacts such as satisfaction with the primary care team, and (4) the potential for the programme to become a regular programme and applied to other communities and groups.ConclusionsOlder adults living in the community may benefit from greater primary care support provided through enhanced team-based approaches. Programmes such as Health TAPESTRY facilitate opportunities for older adults to work with primary care providers to meet their self-identified needs. By exploring perceptions of clients, primary care programmes can be further refined and expanded for various populations.
Quality of eyeglass prescriptions from a low-cost wavefront autorefractor evaluated in rural India: results of a 708-participant field study
Authors: Durr Nicholas J , Dave Shivang R , Lim Daryl , Joseph Sanil , Ravilla Thulasiraj D , Lage Eduardo 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the quality of eyeglass prescriptions provided by an affordable wavefront autorefractor operated by a minimally trained technician in a low-resource setting.Methods and Analysis708 participants were recruited from consecutive patients registered for routine eye examinations at Aravind Eye Hospital in Madurai, India, or an affiliated rural satellite vision centre. Visual acuity (VA) and patient preference were compared between trial lenses set to two eyeglass prescriptions from (1) a novel wavefront autorefractor and (2) subjective refraction by an experienced refractionist.ResultsThe mean±SD VA was 0.30±0.37, –0.02±0.14 and −0.04±0.11 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units before correction, with autorefractor correction and with subjective refraction correction, respectively (all differences p<0.01). Overall, 25% of participants had no preference, 33% preferred eyeglass prescriptions from autorefraction, and 42% preferred eyeglass prescriptions from subjective refraction (p<0.01). Of the 438 patients 40 years old and younger, 96 had no preference and the remainder had no statistically significant difference in preference for subjective refraction prescriptions (51%) versus autorefractor prescriptions (49%) (p=0.52).ConclusionAverage VAs from autorefractor-prescribed eyeglasses were one letter worse than those from subjective refraction. More than half of all participants either had no preference or preferred eyeglasses prescribed by the autorefractor. This marginal difference in quality may warrant autorefractor-based prescriptions, given the portable form factor, short measurement time, low cost and minimal training required to use the autorefractor evaluated here.
Improved gait speed in spastic paraplegia: a new modality
Authors: Shin Sanghoon , Park Jinyoung , Hong Juntaek , Park Jung Hyun 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe gait disturbance in spastic paraplegic patients lowers the gait speed, increases fall risk and eventually lower the quality of life. This study aims to investigate the effect of electrical twitch obtaining intramuscular stimulation (ETOIMS) on spastic paraplegic patients’ gait speed and pattern.MethodsA prospective short-term cohort study was designed in the outpatient clinic of the department of rehabilitation in a tertiary hospital. Patients with spastic paraplegia (N=5) were participated, including spinal cord tumour (N=2), cervical myelitis (N=1), hereditary spastic paraplegia (NIPA1mutation; N=1) and spinal cord injury (N=1). The participants underwent ETOIMS. The target muscles were the bilateral quadratus lumborum, multifidus inserting to the L4 and L5 spinous process, and gluteus medius. Gait speed, gait pattern and subjective symptoms, including pain scores (measured by visual analogue scale), were compared before and immediately after the intervention.ResultsAll patients subjectively reported reduced stiffness during walking and alleviated muscular pain in the lower back and gluteal area. After one session of ETOIMS, patient 1–4 showed 57%, 29%, 33% and 6 % improvement in gait speed, respectively, and all patients showed increased pelvic dissociation.ConclusionsThe ETOIMS can be effective in improving gait speed and stability by relaxing the muscles or alleviating the pain in the lower back and gluteal area in spastic paraplegic patients.
Technological innovation for prehospital stroke triage: ripe for disruption
Authors: Martinez-Gutierrez Juan Carlos , Chandra Ronil V , Hirsch Joshua A , Leslie-Mazwi Thabele 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundWith the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy firmly established, the focus has shifted to improved delivery of care. Reducing time from symptom onset to reperfusion is a primary goal. Technology promises tremendous opportunities in the prehospital space to achieve this goal.MethodsThis review explores existing, fledgling, and potential future technologies for application in the prehospital space.ResultsThe opportunity for technology to improve stroke care resides in the detection, evaluation, triage, and transport of patients to an appropriate healthcare facility. Most prehospital technology remains in the early stages of design and implementation.ConclusionThe major challenges to tackle for future improvement in prehospital stroke care are that of public awareness, emergency medical service detection, and triage, and improved systems of stroke care. Thoughtfully applied technology will transform all these areas.