bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Twitter by Plastic Surgery Journals
Authors: Asyyed Zeina , McGuire Connor , Samargandi Osama , Al-Youha Sarah , Williams Jason G. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Social media have revolutionized the way we access information. Twitter is the most popular microblogging website and has become a tool for plastic surgery journals to connect with the greater academic community and public. The purpose of this study was to objectively assess the use of Twitter by plastic surgery journals.

Methods:
Twelve plastic surgery journals were searched on Twitter. The following data were collected: age of Twitter profile, number of followers and tweets posted, and whether the journal’s website had a link to Twitter or another social media website. All tweets were reviewed from May to July of 2017 inclusive, and the level of evidence of each original article posted in the tweets was recorded. Impact factor and Klout score (a social media influence score) were collected for all journals.

Results:
Six of 12 plastic journals had a Twitter profile. The most social media–influencing journal in plastic surgery was Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. This was followed by the Aesthetic Surgery Journal and the Journal of Hand Surgery (American and European Volumes). The presence of a Twitter profile was not associated with a higher impact factor for the journal. The Klout score was correlated with impact factor. Since joining Twitter, five of the six journals with Twitter profiles experienced increases in their impact factor.

Conclusion:
Twitter can be a quick and easy-to-use tool to increase exposure to evidence-based information from academic journals in plastic surgery.
Surgical Correction of Craniofacial Microsomia: Evaluation of Interventions in 565 Patients at Three Major Craniofacial Units
Authors: Pluijmers Britt I. , Caron Cornelia J. J. M. , van de Lande Lara S. , Schaal Sontje , Mathijssen Irene M. , Wolvius Eppo B. , Bulstrode Neil , Evans Robert D. , Padwa Bonnie L. , Koudstaal Maarten J. , Dunaway David J. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Craniofacial microsomia is characterized by an asymmetric hypoplasia of derivatives of the first and second pharyngeal arch, leading to a variety of phenotypic presentations. Studies on surgical correction of patients with craniofacial microsomia have small cohorts, leaving controversial opinions on the optimal treatment modality, the indication for surgery, and the optimal timing of surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types of, timing of, and total number of surgical corrections performed and the number of surgical procedures in correlation to the severity of the phenotype.

Methods:
A retrospective chart study was conducted including patients diagnosed with craniofacial microsomia from three large craniofacial units. Demographic, radiographic, and clinical information was obtained, including type and number of surgical procedures and age at the time of surgery.

Results:
A total of 565 patients were included. In total, 443 (78.4 percent) of all patients underwent some form of surgery during their life, varying from skin tag removal to major craniofacial operations. The number of surgical interventions was higher with increasing severity of phenotype, bilateral presentation, and a younger age at the first intervention.

Conclusions:
Multiple surgical corrections are frequently seen in patients with a more severe or bilateral presentation. Furthermore, those who are treated earlier in life for correction of asymmetry of the mandible will undergo significantly more surgical procedures to correct the asymmetry later on, independent of the Pruzansky-Kaban type mandible. A prospective international multicenter study is designed with a uniform registration and outcome measurement tool to identify the optimal treatment strategy.
Sociality and Interaction Envelope Organize Visual Action Representations
Authors: Tarhan Leyla , Konkle Talia 
Published: April 2019

Humans observe a wide range of actions in their surroundings. How is the visual cortex organized to process this diverse input? Using functional neuroimaging, we measured brain responses while participants viewed short videos of everyday actions, then probed the structure in these responses using voxel-wise encoding modeling. Responses were well fit by feature spaces that capture the body parts involved in an action and the action’s targets (i.e. whether the action was directed at an object, another person, the actor, and space). Clustering analyses revealed five large-scale networks that summarized the voxel tuning: one related to social aspects of an action, and four related to the scale of the interaction envelope, ranging from fine-scale manipulations directed at objects, to large-scale whole-body movements directed at distant locations. We propose that these networks reveal the major representational joints in how actions are processed by visual regions of the brain.Significance StatementHow does the brain perceive other people’s actions? Prior work has established that much of the visual cortex is active when observing others’ actions. However, this activity reflects a wide range of processes, from identifying a movement’s direction to recognizing its social content. We investigated how these diverse processes are organized within the visual cortex. We found that five networks respond during action observation: one that is involved in processing actions’ social content, and four that are involved in processing agent-object interactions and the scale of the effect that these actions have on the world (its “interaction envelope”). Based on these findings, we propose that sociality and interaction envelope size are two of the major features that organize action perception in the visual cortex.
Overexpression of the Arabidopsis thaumatin-like protein 1 in transgenic potato plants enhances resistance against early and late blights
Authors: Ali Gul Shad , Hu X , Reddy A.S.N. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe Arabidopsis thaumatin-like protein 1 (ATLP1), which belongs to the PR5 family of pathogenesis-related proteins, is induced by pathogen attacks and by systemic acquired resistance (SAR)-inducing compounds. To test whether the overexpression of ATLP1 will enhance fungal resistance in transgenic plants, the cDNA of this gene under the control of a constitutive promoter was transferred into Solanum tuberosum Cv. Desiree. The expression of the introduced gene was confirmed by Northern and Western blot analyses. Western blot analysis performed with intercellular fluid (ICF) showed that ATLP1 is secreted to apoplast. Several independent transgenic lines with high-level expression of the ATLP1 were assayed for resistance against early blight (Alternaria solani) and late blight (Phytophthora infestans). The rate of Alternaria lesions development was significantly reduced in the ATLP1 transgenic lines as compared to a control line. Percent reductions in area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values for the ATLP1 transgenic lines as compared to control line ranged between 52 and 82%. In response to P. infestans, infection efficiency (IE), lesion size (LS) and sporulation capacity (SC) were significantly reduced in ATLP1 transgenic lines as compared to a control line. On the average, IE, LS and SC were reduced by 18, 22 and 20%, respectively, for all transgenic lines with a maximum reduction of 25% in IE, 25% in LS and 32% in SC. Resistance assays against P. infestans using whole plants showed 40-70% reduction in symptoms as compared to control. These results suggest that constitutive expression of a heterologous ATLP in potato confers enhanced resistance against early and late blights.
Evaluating the Impact of Purifying Selection on Species-level Molecular Dating
Authors: He Chong , Liang Dan , Zhang Peng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe neutral theory of molecular evolution suggests that the constancy of the molecular clock relies on the neutral condition. Thus, purifying selection, the most common type of natural selection, could influence the constancy of the molecular clock, and the use of genes/sites under purifying selection may produce less reliable molecular dating results. However, in current practices of species-level molecular dating, some researchers prefer to select slowly evolving genes/sites to avoid the potential impact of substitution saturation. These genes/sites are generally under a strong influence of purifying selection. Here, from the data of 23 published mammal genomes, we constructed datasets under various selective constraints. We compared the differences in branch lengths and time estimates among these datasets to investigate the impact of purifying selection on species-level molecular dating. We found that as the selective constraint increases, terminal branches are extended, which introduces biases into the result of species-level molecular dating. This result suggests that in species-level molecular dating, the impact of purifying selection should be taken into consideration, and researchers should be more cautious with the use of genes/sites under purifying selection.
Measuring shared cultural characteristics in Malaysia: scale development and validation
Authors: Abu Bakar Hassan , Connaughton Stacey L. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess statistically the shared cultural values scale that incorporates Malaysia’s multi-ethnic cultural values.

Design/methodology/approach
This study involved three phase statistical testing. In the first phase, the authors evaluated the 152 items for the affiliation, community embeddedness, respecting elders, harmony, faith, brotherhood, morality, future orientation, conformity and survival cultural dimensions with a sample of 270 employees from three organizations. In the second phase, 355 employees from two organizations completed a survey test-retest reliability and a factor analysis consisting of community embeddedness, focus on respect, conformity and future orientation as a four-factors solution with 22 items. Confirmatory factor analysis based on data from 310 employees in two organizations verified that the four dimensions correlated with affective commitment.

Findings
The results suggest that shared cultural characteristics is a multidimensional construct and at the individual level makes a unique contribution in explaining employees’ affective commitment. Managers from multinational corporations operating in this emerging market will benefit from this new scale because they can use it to identify specific individual cultural characteristics within their organization and develop a strategy to target employees’ affective commitment.

Originality/value
The new shared cultural characteristics scale for Malaysia’s multi-ethnic society demonstrates adequate reliability, validity and across-organization generalizability for this specific cross-cultural communication setting.
Accommodating linguistic prejudice? Examining English teachers’ language ideologies
Authors: Metz Mike 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to support the integration of scientifically grounded linguistic knowledge into language teaching in English Language Arts (ELA) classrooms through building an understanding of what teachers currently know and believe about language.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 310 high school English teachers in the USA responded to a survey about their language beliefs. Statistical analysis of responses identified four distinct constructs within their belief systems. Sub-scales were created for each construct, and hierarchical regressions helped identify key characteristics that predicted beliefs along a continuum from traditional/hegemonic to linguistically informed/counter-hegemonic.FindingsKey findings include the identification of four belief constructs: beliefs about how language reveals speaker characteristics, beliefs about how society perceives language use, beliefs about how language should be treated in schools and beliefs about the English teacher’s role in addressing language use. In general, teachers expressed counter-hegemonic beliefs for their own role and their view of speaker characteristics. They expressed hegemonic beliefs for societal perceptions and the dominant school language narrative. Taking a linguistics class was associated with counter-hegemonic beliefs, and teaching longer was associated with more hegemonic beliefs.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that the longer teachers teach within a system that promotes hegemonic language practices, the more they will align their own beliefs with those practices, despite having learned linguistic facts that contradict pervasive societal beliefs about language. The Dominant School Language Narrative currently accommodates, rather that disrupting, linguistic prejudice.Originality/valueA current understanding of teachers’ language ideologies is a key step in designing teacher professional development to help align teaching practices with established linguistic knowledge and to break down a socially constructed linguistic hierarchy based on subjective, and frequently prejudicial, beliefs.
Robot path optimization for laser cladding forming
Authors: Zheng Huadong , Cong Ming , Liu Dong , Dong Hang , Liu Yi 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an optimization method of robot cladding path, which is helpful to solve the problem of path under-optimization in laser cladding forming (LCF) based on robot.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the error influence parameters need setting before the cladding path generation, and the model of seeking appropriate error influence parameters is established based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO). Second, to solve the problem of collapse during the LCF process, the reason for collapse is analyzed and a robot cladding path error optimization method based on the layer path interpolation is proposed. Finally, the simulation and experiments are carried out.

Findings
Under the premise of giving the expected error of stereo lithography (STL) model, the optimal range of the chord height and the angle control can be quickly found by using PSO algorithm. Aiming at the collapse problem in the laser cladding process, a robot cladding path optimization method based on the layer path interpolation is proposed. A four-layer path interpolation simulation and the contrast experiments before and after the path optimization are completed; the results show that the robot cladding path optimization method can solve the problem of the collapse in laser cladding.

Practical implications
Robot cladding path optimization is one of the key technologies of LCF, and the quality of the robot cladding path is affected by STL model error and the path optimization method. This paper proposed a robot cladding path optimization method for LCF. This method can be used in other additive manufacturing techniques.

Originality/value
The quality of cladding path is important for LCF; this paper first proposed the optimization method of the robot cladding path for LCF to solve the collapse problem.
The change-ready leadership of technology-savvy superintendents
Authors: Sterrett William L. , Richardson Jayson W. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to help the researchers sought to take a closer look at the technology challenges facing district superintendents in today’s leadership climate.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors chose semi-structured interviews as the data collection method. Through 45 min, one-on-one, semi-structured telephone interviews, the researchers were able to collect data about overcoming the challenges of being a modern technology-savvy superintendent.

Findings
Through the analysis, the authors identified four themes related to the challenges faced by these district leaders, including meeting the needs of stakeholders, supporting professional development, fostering mindset changes and addressing a fear of the unknown.

Research limitations/implications
This study only relied on interviews and did not examine evidence from the field, such as site visits or artifact examination.

Practical implications
This study provides the field with insights into the role of the change-ready district leaders who foster lasting technology-infused transformation.

Social implications
While challenges for any district leader wishing to make long-lasting change exist, there are district leaders today who embody second-order change leadership when overcoming the challenge of school technology leadership. These technology-savvy superintendents play an important role as whole-system change agents.

Originality/value
This study highlighted that there many district leaders today who embody second-order change leadership in helping move their districts forward.
The σB signalling activation pathway in the enteropathogen Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Kint Nicolas , Alves Feliciano Carolina , Hamiot Audrey , Denic Milica , Dupuy Bruno , Martin‐Verstraete Isabelle 
Published: April 2019

SummaryClostridium difficile is the main cause of antibiotic‐associated diarrhoea. Inside the gut, C. difficile must adapt to the stresses it copes with, by inducing protection, detoxification and repair systems that belong to the general stress response involving σB. Following stresses, σB activation requires a PP2C phosphatase to dephosphorylate the anti‐anti‐sigma factor RsbV that allows its interaction with the anti‐sigma factor RsbW and the release of σB. In this work, we studied the signalling pathway responsible for the activation of σB in C. difficile. Contrary to other firmicutes, the expression of sigB in C. difficile is constitutive and not autoregulated. We confirmed the partner switching mechanism that involved RsbV, RsbW and σB. We also showed that CD2685, renamed RsbZ, and its phosphatase activity are required for RsbV dephosphorylation triggering σB activation. While CD0007 and CD0008, whose genes belong to the sigB operon, are not involved in σB activity, depletion of the essential iron–sulphur flavoprotein, CD2684, whose gene forms an operon with rsbZ, prevents σB activation. Finally, we observed that σB is heterogeneously active in a subpopulation of C. difficile cells from the exponential phase, likely leading to a ‘bet‐hedging’ strategy allowing a better chance for the cells to survive adverse conditions.
The implementation of complex social policy: Institutional layering and unintended consequences in the National Disability Insurance Scheme
Authors: Nevile Ann , Malbon Eleanor , Kay Adrian , Carey Gemma 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article, we identify the unfolding unintended consequences which flow from one instance of policy layering in Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). We show how use of a causal diagram, which highlights feedback loops and emergent properties, to map complex chains of causal factors can assist policy scholars and policy practitioners to understand the likely direction of change and possible responses. In the case of Australia's National Disability Insurance Scheme, our analysis suggests that the likely direction of change will work against two of the fundamental design features of the NDIS: providing participants with more choice and control, and ensuring all eligible Australians are able to access appropriate services and supports regardless of where they live. Our analysis points to the use of price regulation as the site of potential intervention because of the role it plays in subsequent feedback loops and the development of the two, unwelcome, emergent properties.
Efficacy of Plasma Exchange in Anti‐Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody‐Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Nishimura Keisuke , Waki Daisuke , Kadoba Keiichiro , Mukoyama Hiroki , Yokota Toshihiko , Murabe Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the efficacy of plasma exchange on severe anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis (AAV). Of 182 patients with AAV in our hospital, 12 patients with life‐threatening organ damage (rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and/or diffuse alveolar hemorrhage) underwent centrifuge‐based therapeutic plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapy. Twenty‐four patients matched for age, serum creatinine, and severity of vasculitis, who received high‐dose glucocorticoids with or without immunosuppressants, were included in the nonplasma exchange group. Renal survival rate at 2 years from induction treatment was not significantly different between the plasma and nonplasma exchange groups (P = 0.524). Mortality rate at 5 years from induction treatment was not significantly different between the plasma and nonplasma exchange groups (P = 0.631). In this retrospective study, we could not show the significant differences in the renal survival rate and survival rate between the two groups.
Improvement of Major Problems in the Cell‐Free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy System─Constructing of Cell‐Free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy System Using External Pressure for Filtration
Authors: Yoshizawa Mitsutaka , Nakatsuji Yoshiyuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere are major problems with the occlusion of filtration membrane and fever of patients in the cell‐free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) system using internal pressure‐type filtration. We constructed a modified CART system using external pressure‐type filtration in order to resolve the major problems. After we adopted the external pressure‐type filtration for CART system with the safety level raised, we studied the volume of treated ascites, the weight of recovered protein, and the body temperature of patients after the reinfusing of concentrated ascites in five cases with refractory ascites. There were no cancelled trials despite membrane occlusion in two of 22 trials. Moreover, use of this modified CART system could minimize the temperature increase of patients and suppress the occurrence of that variation with steroid injection. We were able to construct the modified CART system using external pressure‐type filtration. This improved and safe CART system could be widely used by any facilities.