bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic g-tensors of dangling bonds in hydroxylated and aminated nanodiamonds: a computational study
Authors: Masys Šarūnas , Jonauskas Valdas , Rinkevicius Zilvinas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The calculations of electronic g-tensors, one of the most important parameters in electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, are carried out for dangling bonds (DBs) introduced into hydroxylated and aminated diamond nanoparticles, or nanodiamonds (NDs), of different shapes and sizes. Regarding the shapes of NDs, octahedral, cubic, and tetrahedral model systems are used, while the impact of the change in size is inspected by increasing octahedral ND from C35 to C84. The results for single DBs reveal that tetrahedral NDs exhibit the widest variation range of the isotropic g-shift values for both surface functionalization schemes, whereas the isotropic g-shifts of octahedral and cubic NDs tend to strongly overlap. On the other hand, if one treats NDs as an ensemble of nanoparticles constituting a sample, the isotropic g-shifts arithmetically averaged over all available DBs show that tetrahedral ND with hydroxylated surface possesses a significantly higher value than the rest of the considered systems. However, applying the Boltzmann distribution results in a substantially lower value for cubic ND. In contrast, aminated NDs do not demonstrate average values that stand out from the others, irrespective of the analysis method employed. Overall, in addition to the comprehensive magnetic properties, the obtained data also provide interesting details on the formation of DBs in hydroxylated and aminated NDs.
Sucrose phononic crystal-based sensor via acoustically induced transparency
Authors: Omrani Ehsan Mehdizadeh , Nazari Fakhroddin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Accurate detection of sucrose concentration is vital for assessing sugar content in fruits, vegetables, and nuts. This article introduces an innovative method for sensing various sucrose concentrations using an acoustically induced transparency system integrated by a solid mechanic phononic crystal framework. The detector architecture is based on a two-dimensional phononic crystal that employs poly methyl methacrylate as its foundational material, complemented by a regularly spaced array of circular tungsten pillars. The layout features a linear waveguide linked to two coupled ring resonators, with the upper resonator housing four columns filled with varying sucrose concentrations, thereby enabling resonance frequencies that are specifically tailored to each concentration. Simulation findings demonstrate a strong correlation between the shifts in transmission peak frequency and the associated sound velocities and material densities. The sensor’s functionality is further confirmed through coupled mode theory, representative an excellent alignment with the sensor’s presentation. Particularly, the sensor achieves an impressive average quality factor of 53515, an average sensitivity of 195 Hz, a figure of merit of 4.75, a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.25, a resolution of 40 Hz, and average insertion losses of 1.48 dB. These results underscore the acoustically induced transparency system’s potential for precise sucrose concentration sensing, offering remarkable sensitivity and accuracy for agricultural applications.
Preparation of lead borate-titanate-barium glasses: experimental investigation of their optical and radiation shielding properties
Authors: Sayyed M I , Dwaikat Nidal , M Rashad , Mhareb M H A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Novel glasses with the xPbO-5TiO2-10BaO-10ZnO-(75-x)B2O3 (where x = 30 to 45 mol% in 5 mol% increments) molar compositions were prepared. We experimentally investigated the prepared glasses’ structural, optical and radiation shielding characteristics. All the glass samples, based on x-ray diffraction, were noted to be amorphous. Four vibrational bands related to PbO and B2O3 were revealed by Fourier transform infrared. The optical band gap significantly increased with adding PbO instead of B2O3, ranging from 2.905 to 3.601 eV for Pb30B45 and Pb45B30. The optical electronegativity showed enhancement, indicating a rise in the glass structure’s bond power. The reduction in optical basicity supported this conclusion, which refers to forming a covalent bond in the glass structure instead of an ionic bond. To examine the prepared glasses’ radiation shielding characteristics, we measured the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) at five energies in the 0.184–0.81 MeV range. The results demonstrated that the experimental and XCOM MAC values are closely aligned, thus supporting the experimental setup’s reliability. At 0.184 MeV, the rate of increase in the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) with adding PbO is significant, with LAC increasing from 3.22 to 4.51 cm−1. While, at 0.71 MeV, the rate of increase in LAC is small, with LAC increasing from 0.39 to 0.48 cm−1. The results of half value layer indicated that to get more protection from the harmful radiation, the shielding material thickness should be increased to get a greater attenuation.
Constraints on dark matter mass in an F(R) gravity model with an additional R2 correction term
Authors: Budhi Romy Hanang Setya , Allaudza’i Danial Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The dominance of dark matter and dark energy presents one of the most significant challenges in cosmology. The chameleon mechanism in F(R) gravity offers a potential solution to this issue. However, many F(R) models encounter a problem known as the singularity problem, where the scalaron mass becomes too heavy to function as dark matter. This study aims to address the singularity problem within the Gogoi-Goswami F(R) model by incorporating an additional R
2 correction term. Assuming the scalaron functions as chameleonic dark matter, its mass must satisfy constraints across various scales, including the electroweak transition phase and galactic structures. By adopting a hierarchical scale with

R

0

≪

R

c

<

m

¯

2

, where R
0 is the Ricci scalar at late-time de Sitter space and

m

¯

represents the inflaton mass scale in Starobinsky's model, and assuming R

c
≃ 1 GeV2, the mass constraints during the electroweak transition can be satisfied with α ≃ 1.05. Nevertheless, meeting the required mass constraints on a galactic scale remains a challenge. Alternatively, if R

c
is considered relevant only in the current universe, such that

R

0

≪

R

c

≪

m

¯

2

, these dark matter mass constraints can be more easily met. For example, setting

R

c

≃

m

φ

2

(
gal
)
≃

(
1

0

−
32

)

2

GeV

2

effectively satisfies these constraints.
Experimental study on egress capacity of key facilities in pressurized oxygen-supplement compartments
Authors: Wang 王 Kai-Qiang 开强 , Song 宋 Xue-Hua 雪华 , Liu 刘 Wei-Jun 卫军 , Wen 文 Kang 康 , Shi 石 Zhi-Gang 志钢 , Zhang 张 Jun 俊 , Yao 姚 Bin 斌 , Song 宋 Wei-Guo 卫国 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pressurized buildings have emerged as a novel architectural solution to alleviate altitude illness in high-altitude regions. Unlike conventional buildings, evacuation from this kind of building has to experience a depressurization time, which results in air expansion and heat absorption, creating a dense fog and impairing sight within the buildings. Evacuation experiments were performed in a pressurized oxygen-supplement compartment to investigate the pedestrian motion properties. Based on the questionnaires, participants reported varying degrees of symptoms such as ear blockage, reduced environmental noise, and dizziness, which had a measurable impact on their mobility. We focus on the evacuation parameters through three basic building components: staircases, pressure transition cabins, and escape windows. As the visibility in the compartment decreases from high to low, the movement patterns of pedestrian shift from triangular to single-file with a significant decline in evacuation efficiency. It is found that there is a linear relationship between evacuation time and the number of evacuees through escape windows. The pressure transition cabin is a crucial evacuation route in emergencies, and evacuation time is recommended as the key metric for assessing its effectiveness. These findings offer valuable insights for emergency evacuation strategies in pressurized buildings.
Multi-layer Perceptron for Predicting Galaxy Parameters (MLP-GaP): Stellar Masses and Star Formation Rates
Authors: Guo 郭 Xiaotong 晓通 , Fang Guanwen , Feng Haicheng , Zhang Rui 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The large-scale imaging survey will produce massive photometric data in multi-bands for billions of galaxies. Defining strategies to quickly and efficiently extract useful physical information from this data is mandatory. Among the stellar population parameters for galaxies, their stellar masses and star formation rates (SFRs) are the most fundamental. We develop a novel tool, Multi-Layer Perceptron for Predicting Galaxy Parameters (MLP-GaP), that uses a machine learning (ML) algorithm to accurately and efficiently derive the stellar masses and SFRs from multi-band catalogs. We first adopt a mock data set generated by the Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (CIGALE) for training and testing data sets. Subsequently, we used a multi-layer perceptron model to build MLP-GaP and effectively trained it with the training data set. The results of the test performed on the mock data set show that MLP-GaP can accurately predict the reference values. Besides MLP-GaP has a significantly faster processing speed than CIGALE. To demonstrate the science-readiness of the MLP-GaP, we also apply it to a real data sample and compare the stellar masses and SFRs with CIGALE. Overall, the predicted values of MLP-GaP show a very good consistency with the estimated values derived from spectral energy distribution fitting. Therefore, the capability of MLP-GaP to rapidly and accurately predict stellar masses and SFRs makes it particularly well-suited for analyzing huge amounts of galaxies in the era of large sky surveys.
Brain–computer interfaces patient preferences: a systematic review
Authors: Brannigan Jamie F M , Liyanage Kishan , Horsfall Hugo Layard , Bashford Luke , Muirhead William , Fry Adam 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to restore motor capabilities and functional independence in individuals with motor impairments. Despite accelerating advances in the performance of implanted devices, few studies have identified patient preferences underlying device design, and each study typically captures a single aetiology of motor impairment. We aimed to characterise BCI patient preferences in a large cohort across multiple aetiologies. Approach. We performed a systematic review of all published studies reporting patient preferences for BCI devices, including both qualitative and quantitative data. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL from inception to 18 April 2023. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data on demographic information, device use, invasiveness preference, device design, and functional preferences. Main results. From 1316 articles identified, 28 studies met inclusion criteria, capturing preferences from 1701 patients (mean age 42.1–64.3 years). The most represented conditions were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 15 studies, 53.6%) and spinal cord injury (n = 13 studies 46.4%). Individuals with motor impairments prioritised device accuracy over other design characteristics. In four studies where patients ranked performance characteristics, accuracy was ranked first each time. We found that the speed and accuracy of BCI systems in recent publications exceeds reported patient preferences, however this performance has been achieved with a level of training and setup burden that would not be tolerated by most patients. Preferences varied by disease aetiology and severity; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients typically prioritised communication functions, whereas spinal cord injury patients emphasised limb control and sphincteric functions. Significance. Our findings highlight that despite advances in BCI performance exceeding patient expectations, there remains a need to reduce training and setup burdens to enhance usability. Moreover, patient preferences differ across conditions and impairment severities, underscoring the importance of personalised BCI configurations and tailored training regimens to meet individual needs.
Enhancing neuroprosthesis calibration: the advantage of integrating prior training over exclusive use of new data
Authors: Thomson Caleb J , Tully Troy N , Stone Eric S , Morrell Christian B , Scheme Erik J , Warren David J , Hutchinson Douglas T , Clark Gregory A , George Jacob A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Neuroprostheses typically operate under supervised learning, in which a machine-learning algorithm is trained to correlate neural or myoelectric activity with an individual’s motor intent. Due to the stochastic nature of neuromyoelectric signals, algorithm performance decays over time. This decay is accelerated when attempting to regress proportional control of multiple joints in parallel, compared with the more typical classification-based pattern recognition control. To overcome this degradation, neuroprostheses and commercial myoelectric prostheses are often recalibrated and retrained frequently so that only the most recent, up-to-date data influences the algorithm performance. Here, we introduce and validate an alternative training paradigm in which training data from past calibrations is aggregated and reused in future calibrations for regression control. Approach. Using a cohort of four transradial amputees implanted with intramuscular electromyographic recording leads, we demonstrate that aggregating prior datasets improves prosthetic regression-based control in offline analyses and an online human-in-the-loop task. In offline analyses, we compared the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a modified Kalman filter (MKF) to simultaneously regress the kinematics of an eight-degree-of-freedom prosthesis. Both algorithms were trained under the traditional paradigm using a single dataset, as well as under the new paradigm using aggregated datasets from the past five or ten trainings. Main results. Dataset aggregation reduced the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of algorithm estimates for both the CNN and MKF, although the CNN saw a greater reduction in error. Further offline analyses revealed that dataset aggregation improved CNN robustness when reusing the same algorithm on subsequent test days, as indicated by a smaller increase in RMSE per day. Finally, data from an online virtual-target-touching task with one amputee showed significantly better real-time prosthetic control when using aggregated training data from just two prior datasets. Significance. Altogether, these results demonstrate that training data from past calibrations should not be discarded but, rather, should be reused in an aggregated training dataset such that the increased amount and diversity of data improve algorithm performance. More broadly, this work supports a paradigm shift for the field of neuroprostheses away from daily data recalibration for linear classification models and towards daily data aggregation for non-linear regression models.
Synergetic Repetition Frequency Locking of an Optical Frequency Comb
Authors: Jin Ziyi , Yu Dongrui , Chen Ziyang , Guo Hong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a method to achieve long-term locking of the repetition frequency of the optical frequency comb under severe temperature fluctuations by cooperatively adjusting the cavity length of the resonator using piezoelectric ceramic, temperature control module, and delay line module. This method enhances the practicability and usability of optical frequency comb at a low cost.
Fringes and Light Shift in CPT-Ramsey Spectroscopy
Authors: Morinaga Atsuo , Yanagimachi Shinya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The CPT-Ramsey fringes are solved based on the time evolution of the Bloch vector and are calculated in the steady-state condition and in the pre-steady state condition. A consistent formula of the light shifts in the CPT-Ramsey fringes is presented due to the detection-time, the free evolution time, and the excitation-time. For a further reduction of the light shift, we propose to use the CPT-Ramsey fringes in the pre-steady state condition.
Dual-atom-interferometric gyroscope with continuous cold atomic beams
Authors: Wang Shengzhe , Meng Zhixin , Yan Peiqiang , Feng Yanying 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In closed-loop dual-atom interferometers, the initial phase shift is a non-inertial phase induced by Raman pulses. This initial optical phase affects the measurements of both acceleration and rotation rate. In this study, we present a method to modulate the initial optical phase of light pulse atom interferometers (LPAIs). Employing this modulation method, we investigated the influence of the initial optical phase on a closed-loop dual-atom interferometer. The results reveal a better short-term sensitivity in the rotation rate measurement at an initial optical phase of 0. Our closed-loop dual-atom interferometer allows for decoupled measurements of rotation rate and acceleration. With a short interrogation time of 2T = 1.73 ms, the short-term sensitivities of the rotation rate and acceleration measurements are

2.73
×

10

−
5

(
rad
/
s
)
/

Hz

and

272
μ
g
/

Hz

, respectively.
Numerical Study on the Reinforcement Design of an Exhaust Pipe on a Locomotive Engine
Authors: Xing Yu , Xue Dongxin , Xiang Gong , Li Ruoxuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The failure analysis of a bracket which supports an exhaust pipe on a locomotive engine is described in this paper. The structure is made of gray cast iron. Crack initiated at the foundation of the bracket after the locomotive engine serviced for more than three months. Static structural analysis was performed to provide the stress contribution of the structure, which was found still below the ultimate tensile strength of the material. On the other hand, the exhaust pipe impacted onto the end and caused vibration. From the model analysis of the structure and the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) of the exciting force, some natural frequencies are close to the peak value in the FFT spectrum and then resonance occurred. A new type of structure was designed not only to avoid resonance but also to stiffen the bracket strength. Moreover, spheroidal graphite cast iron (SG iron) can provide better structural performance than gray cast iron. From the modal analysis of the new structure, the natural frequencies were raised. Furthermore, vibration tests and dynamic strain analysis were performed. From the results, resonance was avoided successfully and the stress on the structure decreased.
Nano-biofertilizers: utilizing nanopolymers as coating matrix—a comprehensive review
Authors: Thirumurugan Navin Kumar , Velu Gomathi , Murugaiyan Senthilkumar , Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman , Ponnuraj Sathyamoorthy , D J Sharmila , Subramanian K S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In modern agriculture, nanotechnology was recognized as a potentially transformative innovation. Nanopolymers as coating matrix in nano-biofertilizer has a massive impact on agricultural productivity. The integration of nanotechnology with biofertilizers has led to the creation of nano-biofertilizer formulations that enhance nutrient delivery, improve plant growth, and increase resistance to environmental stress. Nanopolymers, both synthetic and biogenic, including chitosan, cellulose, gelatin, sodium alginate, starch, and polyvinyl alcohol, are utilized as encapsulating materials. They are effective in ensuring controlled nutrient release and shielding beneficial microorganisms from external environmental conditions. Studies indicate that nano-biofertilizers improve soil quality, raise crop yields, and reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers to enhance sustainable agricultural practices. The review also addresses the microbial encapsulation methodology, release kinetics, phytotoxicity, challenges and future prospects of nano-biofertilizer technology, including nanoparticle-bacteria interaction, scalability, and regulatory considerations. This paper elaborates the potential and limitations of nano-biofertilizers, providing insights for future advancements in the agriculture field.
Inhibitory effect of expired glavox tablets on A36 carbon steel for optimized service life
Authors: Omomeji Loveth , Onifade M K , Onokwai A O , Atiba J , Salawu E Y , Joseph O O 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research delves into the potential of expired Glavox tablets, containing Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid, as environmentally friendly substances to inhibit corrosion on A36 carbon steel in solutions of 1M HCl and 3.65 wt% NaCl. The findings from weight loss experiments in 1M HCl indicated a decrease in the corrosion rate, dropping from 1.24 mm y−1 for untreated specimens to 0.17 mm y−1 for specimens treated with 7.5 ml of Glavox solution. Similarly, in the 3.65 wt% NaCl solution, the corrosion rate reduced from 0.98 mm y−1 to 0.23 mm y−1 with the same concentration of inhibitor. Electrochemical assessments conducted in the HCl medium unveiled alterations in the corrosion potential (Ecorr) from −0.48 V to −0.35 V, and a decline in the corrosion current density (icorr) from 3.2 mA cm−2 to 0.42 mA cm−2, indicating a blend of inhibitory characteristics. Within the NaCl medium, Ecorr transitioned from −0.45 V to −0.30 V, while icorr decreased from 2.9 mA cm−2 to 0.57 mA cm−2. Studies on adsorption affirmed the robust adsorption capacity of Glavox on the steel surface, aligning well with Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. The formation of a barrier of protection on the inhibited samples was revealed by SEM/EDS examination of the surface morphology. The outcomes propose that expired Glavox tablets exhibit efficacy as corrosion inhibitors in acidic and saline settings, attaining an inhibition efficiency of up to 86%, predominantly through adsorption and the formation of a protective film.
Enhancement effect of Ni on the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Au-xNi (x = 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0) alloy: a first-principles study
Authors: Dai Hua , Zhou Liming , Chen Jialin , Zhu Shaowu , Niu Haidong , Xu Hong , Wei Yan , Yuan Zhentao , Wang Xiao , Wu Haijun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Au-17.5Ni is a high-performance solder extensively utilized in the assembly of satellites, aircraft engines, and ceramic components, owing to its exceptional high-temperature properties. However, its inherent brittleness renders it susceptible to defects such as fractures, cracking, and delamination during the manufacturing of welding wires and foils. To mitigate these challenges, this study employs first-principles calculations to investigate the structural stability, mechanical properties, and thermal behavior of the primary phase in the Au-17.5Ni alloy, with a particular focus on the Au-rich phase, a solid solution of Ni in Au. The results indicate that the Au-2.0Ni composition exhibits the highest plasticity, characterized by a Pugh’s ratio (B/G) of 7.671 and a hardness value of 0.643 GPa, representing a 31.76% increase compared to pure Au. These improvements significantly enhance the processing performance of the Au-17.5Ni alloy. Moreover, the constant pressure specific heat capacity (Cp) of Au-xNi alloys exceeds that of pure Au and increases with higher Ni content. At 800 K, the Au-3.0Ni alloy exhibits the highest Cp at 31.179 J mol−1·K−1, indicating improved high-temperature stability. Additionally, the thermal expansion coefficients for Au-1.0Ni, Au-2.0Ni, and Au-3.0Ni increase by 13.037%, 22.858%, and 38.097%, respectively, which may lead to elevated thermal stresses in welded joints. Consequently, maintaining the Ni content in the Au-rich phase of the Au-17.5Ni solder below 2.0 wt% can significantly enhance solder processability, ultimately improving the yield of welding wires and foils.