bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stimulating stopping? Investigating the effects of tDCS over the inferior frontal gyri and visual cortices
Authors: Thunberg Christina N. , Messel Mari S. , Raud Liisa , Huster René J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe ability to cancel an already initiated response is central to flexible behavior. While several different behavioral and neural markers have been suggested to quantify the latency of the stopping process, it remains unclear if they quantify the stopping process itself, or other supporting mechanisms such as visual and/or attentional processing. The present study sought to investigate the contributions of inhibitory and sensory processes to stopping latency markers by combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings in a within-subject design. Active and sham tDCS were applied over the inferior frontal gyri (IFG) and visual cortices (VC), combined with both online and offline EEG and EMG recordings. We found evidence that neither of the active tDCS condition affected stopping latencies relative to sham stimulation. Our results challenge previous findings suggesting that anodal tDCS over the IFG can reduce stopping latency and demonstrates the necessity of adequate control conditions in tDCS research. Additionally, while the different putative markers of stopping latency showed generally positive correlations with each other, they also showed substantial variation in the estimated latency of inhibition, making it unlikely that they all capture the same construct exclusively.
Nutrient-dependent mTORC1 signaling in coral-algal symbiosis
Authors: Voss Philipp A. , Gornik Sebastian G. , Jacobovitz Marie R. , Rupp Sebastian , Dörr Melanie S. , Maegele Ira , Guse Annika 
Published: August 2019

SummaryTo coordinate development and growth with nutrient availability, animals must sense nutrients and acquire food from the environment once energy is depleted. A notable exception are reef-building corals that form a stable symbiosis with intracellular photosynthetic dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae (LaJeunesse et al., 2018)). Symbionts reside in ‘symbiosomes’ and transfer key nutrients to support nutrition and growth of their coral host in nutrient-poor environments (Muscatine, 1990; Yellowlees et al., 2008). To date, it is unclear how symbiont-provided nutrients are sensed to adapt host physiology to this endosymbiotic life-style. Here we use the symbiosis model Exaiptasia pallida (hereafter Aiptasia) to address this. Aiptasia larvae, similar to their coral relatives, are naturally non-symbiotic and phagocytose symbionts anew each generation into their endodermal cells (Bucher et al., 2016; Grawunder et al., 2015; Hambleton et al., 2014). Using cell-specific transcriptomics, we find that symbiosis establishment results in downregulation of various catabolic pathways, including autophagy in host cells. This metabolic switch is likely triggered by the highly-conserved mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) signaling cascade, shown to integrate lysosomal nutrient abundance with animal development (Perera and Zoncu, 2016). Specifically, symbiosomes are LAMP1-positive and recruit mTORC1 kinase. In symbiotic anemones, mTORC1 signaling is elevated when compared to non-symbiotic animals, resembling a feeding response. Moreover, symbiosis establishment enhances lipid content and cell proliferation in Aiptasia larvae. Challenging the prevailing belief that symbiosomes are early arrested phagosomes (Mohamed et al., 2016), we propose a model in which symbiosomes functionally resemble lysosomes as core nutrient sensing and signaling hubs that have co-opted the evolutionary ancient mTORC1 pathway to promote growth in endosymbiotic cnidarians.
Simulating bipedal walking using a translating center of pressure
Authors: Potwar Karna , Lee Dongheui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring walking, foot orientation and foot placement allow humans to stabilize their gait and to move forward. Consequently the upper body adapts to the ground reaction force (GRF) transmitted through the feet. The foot-ground contact is often modeled as a fixed pivot in bipedal models for analysis of locomotion. The fixed pivot models, however, cannot capture the effect of shift in the pivot point from heel to toe. In this study, we propose a novel bipedal model, called SLIPCOP, which employs a translating center of pressure (COP) in a spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model. The translating COP has two modes: one with a constant speed of translation and the other as the weighted function of the GRF in the fore aft direction. We use the relation between walking speed and touchdown (TD) angle as well as walking speed and COP speed, from existing literature, to restrict steady state solutions within the human walking domain. We find that with these relations, SLIPCOPprovides steady state solutions for very slow to very fast walking speeds unlike SLIP. SLIPCOPfor normal to very fast walking speed shows good accuracy in estimating COM amplitude and swing stance ratio. SLIPCOPis able to estimate the distance traveled by the COP during stance with high precision.
Genome-wide development of miRNA-based SSR markers in Cleistogenes songorica with their transferability analysis to gramineae and non- gramineae species
Authors: Kanzana Gisele , Zhang Yufei , Ma Tiantian , Liu Wenxian , Wu Fan , Yan Qi , Min Xueyang , Yan Zhuanzhuan , Pascal Muvunyi Blaise , Li Jie , Zhang Zhengshe , Zhao Yufeng , Zhang Jiyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSSR markers are commonly used for many genetic applications, such as map construction, fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis due to their high reproducibility, levels of polymorphism and abundance. As endogenous, small RNAs, miRNAs have essential roles in plant development and gene expression under diverse stress conditions, including various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In the present study, we predicted 110 pre-miRNAs sequences from 287 precursor miRNAs and used them as queries for SSR marker development. Among 110 primer pairs, 85 were successfully amplified and examined for transferability to other gramineae and non-gramineae species. The results showed that all 82 primer pairs yielded unambiguous and strong amplification, and across the 23 studied Cleistogenes accessions, a total of 385 alleles were polymorphic. The number of alleles produced per primer varied from 3 to 11, with an average of 4.69 per locus. The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.44 to 0.88, with an average of 0.74 per locus, and the PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) values ranged from 0.34 to 0.87, with an average of 0.69 per locus. In this study, 1422 miRNA target genes were predicted and analyzed using the GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) databases. The results showed that this miRNA-based microsatellite marker system can be very useful for genetic diversity and marker-assisted breeding studies.
Distribution and abundance of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) over the French Mediterranean continental shelf
Authors: Labach Hélène , Azzinari Caroline , Barbier Maxime , Cesarini Cathy , Daniel Boris , David Léa , Dhermain Frank , Di-Méglio Nathalie , Guichard Benjamin , Jourdan Julie , Robert Nicolas , Roul Marine , Tomasi Nicolas , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Mediterranean bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) sub-population is listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This species is strictly protected in France and the designation of Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) is required under the European Habitat Directive. However, little information is available about the structure, dynamic and distribution of the population in the French Mediterranean waters. We collected photo-identification data over the whole French Mediterranean continental shelf all year round between 2013 and 2015. We sighted 151 groups of bottlenose dolphins allowing the individually photo-identification of 1,060 animals. The encounter rate distribution showed the presence of bottlenose dolphins over the whole continental shelf all year round. Using capture-recapture methods, we estimated for the first time the size of the bottlenose dolphin resident population at 557 individuals (95% confidence interval: 216-872) along the French Mediterranean continental coast. Our results were used in support of the designation of a new dedicated SAC in the Gulf of Lion and provide a reference state for the bottlenose dolphin monitoring in the French Mediterranean waters in the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
The generation of plasma cells and CD27−IgD−B cells during Hantavirus infection are associated with distinct pathological findings
Authors: Kerkman PF , Dernstedt A , Tadala L , Mittler E , Dannborg M , Sundling C , Maleki KT , Tauriainen J , Tuiskunen-Bäck A , Wigren Byström J , Ocaya P , Thunberg T , Jangra R , Román-Sosa G , Guardado-Calvo P , Rey FA , Klingström J , Chandran K , Puhar A , Ahlm C , Forsell MNE 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHuman hantavirus infections can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), major signs of the disease being thrombocytopenia and transient kidney dysfunction. By a comprehensive and longitudinal study of circulating B cells, we demonstrate that these two pathologies associate with distinct effects on the humoral immune system during HFRS. Low thrombocyte counts strongly associated with an abnormal frequency of plasmablasts in circulation, whereas kidney dysfunction was indicative of an accumulation of CD27−B cells and plasmablasts. Finally, we provide evidence that high levels of extracellular ATP in circulation during HFRS correlates with shedding of surface CD27 on B cells via a metallomatrix proteinase-8-mediated mechanism. Since extracellular ATP is known to regulate kidney function, our study reveals a link between kidney dysfunction and the generation of CD27−IgD−B cells, and a potential molecular target for treatment of the symptomatic phase of HFRS.
Structural diversity of oligomeric β-propellers with different numbers of identical blades
Authors: Afanasieva Evgenia , Chaudhuri Indronil , Martin Jörg , Hertle Eva , Ursinus Astrid , Alva Vikram , Hartmann Marcus D. , Lupas Andrei N. 
Published: August 2019

Abstractβ-Propellers arise through the amplification of a supersecondary structure element called a blade. This process produces toroids of between four and twelve repeats, which are almost always arranged sequentially in a single polypeptide chain. We found that new propellers evolve continuously by amplification from single blades. We therefore investigated whether such nascent propellers can fold as homo-oligomers before they have been fully amplified within a single chain. One-to six-bladed building blocks derived from two seven-bladed WD40 propellers yielded stable homo-oligomers with six to nine blades, depending on the size of the building block. High-resolution structures for tetramers of two blades, trimers of three blades, and dimers of four and five blades, respectively, show structurally diverse propellers and include a novel fold, highlighting the inherent flexibility of the WD40 blade. Our data support the hypothesis that subdomain-sized fragments can provide structural versatility in the evolution of new proteins.
Discovering the shared biology of cognitive traits determined by genetic overlap
Authors: Guimaraes JPOFT , Bralten J , Greven CU , Franke B , Sprooten E , Beckmann CF 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInvestigating the contribution of biology to human cognition has assumed a bottom-up causal cascade where genes influence brain systems that activate, communicate, and ultimately drive behavior. Yet few studies have directly tested whether cognitive traits with overlapping genetic underpinnings also rely on overlapping brain systems. Here, we report a step-wise exploratory analysis of genetic and functional imaging overlaps among cognitive traits. We used twin-based genetic analyses in the human connectome project (HCP) dataset (N=486), in which we quantified the heritability of measures of cognitive functions, and tested whether they were driven by common genetic factors using pairwise genetic correlations. Subsequently, we derived activation maps associated with cognitive tasks via functional imaging meta-analysis in BrainMap (N=4484), and tested whether cognitive traits that shared genetic variation also exhibited overlapping brain activation. Our genetic analysis determined that six cognitive measures (card sorting, no-go continuous performance, fluid intelligence, processing speed, reading decoding and vocabulary comprehension) were heritable (0.3<h2<0.5), and genetically correlated with at least one other heritable cognitive measure (0.2<ρg<0.35). The meta-analysis showed that two genetically-correlated traits, card sorting and fluid intelligence (ρg=0.24), also had a significant brain activation overlap (ρperm=0.29). These findings indicate that fluid intelligence and executive functioning rely on overlapping biological features, both at the neural systems level and at the molecular level. The cross-disciplinary approach we introduce provides a concrete framework for data-driven quantification of biological convergence between genetics, brain function, and behavior in health and disease.
MMP2 As An Independent Prognostic Stratifier In Oral Cavity Cancers
Authors: Hoffmann Caroline , Vacher Sophie , Sirven Philémon , Lecerf Charlotte , Massenet Lucile , Moreira Aurélie , Surun Aurore , Schnitzler Anne , Klijanienko Jerzy , Mariani Odette , Jeannot Emmanuelle , Badois Nathalie , Lesnik Maria , Choussy Olivier , Le Tourneau Christophe , Guillot-Delost Maude , Kamal Maud , Bieche Ivan , Soumelis Vassili 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundAround 25% of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) are not controlled by standard of care. Identifying those patients could offer them possibilities for intensified and personalized regimen. However, there is currently no validated biomarker for OCSCC patient selection in a pre-treatment setting.Patients and methodsOur objectives were to determine a robust and independent predictive biomarker for disease related death in OCSCC treated with standard of care. Tumor and juxtatumor secretome were analyzed in a prospective discovery cohort of 37 OCSCC treated by primary surgery. Independent biomarker validation was performed by RTqPCR in a retrospective cohort of 145 patients with similar clinical features. An 18-gene signature (18G) predictive of the response to PD-1 blockade was evaluated in the same cohort..ResultsAmong 29 deregulated molecules in a secretome analysis, we identified soluble MMP2 as a prognostic biomarker. In our validation cohort (n=145), high levels ofMMP2andCD276, and low levels ofCXCL10andSTAT1mRNA were associated with poor prognosis in univariate analysis (Kaplan-Meier).MMP2(p = 0.001) and extra-nodal extension (ENE) (p = 0.006) were independent biomarkers of disease-specific survival (DSS) in multivariate analysis, and defined prognostic groups with 5-year DSS ranging from 36% (MMP2highENE+) to 88% (MMP2lowENE-). The expression of 18G was similar in the different prognostic groups, suggesting comparable responsiveness to anti-PD-1.ConclusionHigh levels of MMP2 was an independent and validated prognostic biomarker, which may be used to select poor prognosis patients for intensified neoadjuvant or adjuvant regimens.
Evolved, Selective Erasers of Distinct Lysine Acylations
Authors: Spinck Martin , Ecke Maria , Gasper Raphael , Neumann Heinz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLysine acetylation, including related lysine modifications such as butyrylation and crotonylation, is a widespread post-translational modification with important roles in many important physiological processes. However, uncovering the regulatory mechanisms that govern the reverse process, deacylation, has been challenging to address, in great part because the small set of lysine deacetylases (KDACs) that remove the modifications are promiscuous in their substrate and acylation-type preference. This lack of selectivity hinders a broader understanding of how deacylation is regulated at the cellular level and how it is correlated with lysine deacylation-related diseases. To facilitate the dissection of KDACs with respect to substrate specificity and modification type, it would be beneficial to re-engineer KDACs to be selective towards a given substrate and/or modification. To dissect the differential contributions of various acylations to cell physiology, we developed a novel directed evolution approach to create selective KDAC variants that are up to 400-fold selective towards butyryl- over crotonyl-lysine substrates. Structural analyses of this non-promiscuous KDAC revealed unprecedented insights regarding the conformational changes mediating the gain in specificity. As a second case study to illustrate the power of this approach, we re-engineer the human SirT1 to increase its selectivity towards acetylated versus crotonylated substrates. These new enzymes, as well as the generic approach that we report here, will greatly facilitate the dissection of the differential roles of lysine acylation in cell physiology.Significance StatementAcetylation of lysine residues features numerous roles in diverse physiological processes and correlates with the manifestation of metabolic diseases, cancer and ageing. The already huge diversity of the acetylome is multiplied by variations in the types of acylation. This complexity is in stark contrast to the small set of lysine deacetylases (KDACs) present in human cells, anticipating a pronounced substrate promiscuity.We device a strategy to tackle this disarray by creating KDAC variants with increased selectivity towards particular types of lysine acylations using a novel selection system. The variants facilitate the dissection of the differential contributions of particular acylations to gene expression, development and disease. Our structural analyses shed light on the mechanism of substrate discrimination by Sirtuin-type KDACs.
Global priorities for conservation of reptilian phylogenetic diversity in the face of human impacts
Authors: Gumbs Rikki , Gray Claudia L. , Böhm Monika , Hoffmann Michael , Grenyer Richard , Jetz Walter , Meiri Shai , Roll Uri , Owen Nisha R. , Rosindell James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic Diversity (PD) is increasingly recognised as an important measure that can provide information on evolutionary and functional aspects of biodiversity for conservation planning that are not readily captured by species diversity. Here we develop and analyse two new metrics that combine the effects of PD and human encroachment on species range size — one metric valuing regions and another enabling species prioritisation. We evaluate these metrics for reptiles, which have been largely neglected in previous studies, and contrast these results with equivalent calculations for all terrestrial vertebrate groups. We find that high human impacted areas unfortunately coincide with the most valuable areas of reptilian diversity, more than expected by chance. We also find that, under our species-level metric, the highest priority reptile species score far above the top mammal and bird species, and they include a disproportionate number of species with insufficient information on potential threats. Such Data Deficient species are, in terms of our metric, comparable to Critically Endangered species and may require urgent conservation attention.
Digital Natives and Dual Task: Handling It But Not Immune Against Cognitive-Locomotor Interferences
Authors: Frédéric Dierick , Fabien Buisseret , Mathieu Renson , Mae Luta Adèle 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDigital natives developed in an electronic dual tasking world. This paper addresses two questions. Do digital natives respond differently under a cognitive load realized during a locomotor task in a dual-tasking paradigm and how does this address the concept of safety? We investigate the interplay between cognitive (talking and solving Raven’s matrices) and locomotor (walking on a treadmill) tasks in a sample of 17 graduate level participants. The costs of dual-tasking on gait were assessed by studying changes in stride interval time and its variability at long-range. A safety index was designed and computed from total relative change between the variability indices in the single walking and dual-task conditions. As expected, results indicate high Raven’s scores with gait changes found between the dual task conditions compared to the single walking task. Greater changes are observed in the talking condition compared to solving Raven’s matrices, resulting in high safety index values observed in 5 participants. We conclude that, although digital natives are efficient in performing the dual tasks when they are not emotional-based, modification of gait are observable. Due to the variation within participants and the observation of high safety index values in several of them, individuals that responded poorly to low cognitive loads should be encouraged to not perform dual task when executing a primate task of safety to themselves or others.
Increased soluble amyloid-beta causes early aberrant brain network hypersynchronisation in a mature-onset mouse model of amyloidosis
Authors: Ben-Nejma Inès R.H. , Keliris Aneta J. , Daans Jasmijn , Ponsaerts Peter , Verhoye Marleen , Van der Linden Annemie , Keliris Georgios A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly population. Currently, no effective cure is available for AD. According to the amyloid hypothesis, the accumulation and deposition of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides plays a key role in AD pathology. Soluble Aβ (sAβ) oligomers were shown to be synaptotoxic and involved in pathological hypersynchronisation of brain resting-state networks in different transgenic developmental-onset mouse models of amyloidosis. However, the impact of protein overexpression during brain postnatal development may cause additional phenotypes unrelated to AD. To address this concern, we investigated sAβ effects on functional resting-state networks in transgenic mature-onset amyloidosis Tet-Off APP (TG) mice.MethodsTG mice and control littermates were raised on doxycycline (DOX) diet from 3d up to 3m of age to suppress transgenic Aβ production. Thereafter, longitudinal resting-state functional MRI was performed on a 9.4T MR-system starting from week 0 (3m old mice) up to 28w post DOX treatment. Ex vivo immunohistochemistry and ELISA analysis (additional mice cohort) was performed to address the development of amyloid pathology.ResultsFunctional Connectivity (FC) analysis demonstrated early abnormal hypersynchronisation in the TG mice compared to the controls at 8w post DOX treatment. This effect was observed particularly across regions of the default mode-like network, known to be affected in AD. Ex vivo analyses performed at this time point confirmed a 20-fold increase in total sAβ levels and the absence of Aβ plaques in the TG mice compared to the controls. On the contrary at week 28, TG mice showed an overall hypoconnectivity, coinciding with a widespread deposition of Aβ plaques in the brain.ConclusionsBy preventing developmental influence of APP and/or sAβ during brain postnatal development, we demonstrated FC abnormalities driven by sAβ synaptotoxicity on resting state neuronal networks in mature-induced TG mice. Thus, the Tet-Off APP mouse model could be a powerful tool while used as a mature-onset model to shed light into amyloidosis mechanisms in AD. Therefore, this inducible APP expression model used in combination with early non-invasive in vivo rsfMRI readout for sAβ synaptotoxicity sets the stage for future Aβ targeting preventative treatment studies.