bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Investigation of Predicting Permanent Deformations of Unbound Granular Materials Using Miniaturized Pressuremeter Cyclic Data
Authors: Shaban Alaa M. , Cosentino Paul J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The permanent deformations of unbound pavement layers are typically caused by the movement and densification of aggregate particles under the influence of repeated wheel loads. This type of distress, which represents one of the major failure modes in flexible pavements, has been investigated by many researchers. In this research, a miniaturized pressuremeter (MPMT) device was used to predict rutting of unbound granular materials by performing cyclic field testing. The permanent deformations measured using cyclic triaxial (CT) testing were compared with those predicted from the MPMT testing. Four unbound pavement materials used as a pavement base and subgrade were tested and evaluated. The Tseng-Lytton model, also known as the sigmoidal model, was used to analyze and interpret permanent strain data obtained from both tests. The data showed that the permanent strains predicted from in situ MPMT tests are larger than those measured from laboratory CT tests. However, it is demonstrated that the best results are obtained when MPMT permanent strains are adjusted by using the slope of the strain level model as a reduction factor. The results indicated that the average ratio of predicted to measured permanent strain was 0.66 and 0.89 for subgrade and base course materials, respectively. In addition, it was concluded that the MPMT stress-strain data from ten MPMT loading cycles provide a reasonable estimation for soil strain parameters of the sigmoidal model.
Field Evaluation of Load-Bearing Capacity of Tire Fill Embankment Pavements
Authors: Hashemian Leila , Bayat Alireza 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Tire-derived aggregates (TDAs) are produced by shredding scrap tires. These materials have desirable engineering properties and can be appropriately used in pavement embankment fills. Several pavements have been constructed using TDA fill embankment; however, the seasonal performance of the pavements composed of these materials has not been widely investigated.
This study investigates seasonal changes in load-bearing capacity of tire-filled embankment pavements after two years of construction in comparison to conventional pavement in a test road in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Three sections were constructed using different TDA materials, including passenger and light-truck tires (PLTT), off-the-road (OTR) tire particles, and a mix of PLTT and local subgrade soil, which was placed adjacent to a conventional section that acted as a control section. Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests were conducted in different seasons, and the back-calculation results revealed that although the subgrade of the TDA sections showed higher deflection and a lower resilient modulus compared with the control section, the load-bearing capacity of the TDA sections was greater than that for the control section. The section constructed using a mix of TDA material and soil showed almost the same performance as the control section.
Standard Testing of Glass Revisited - Experimental and Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Yankelevsky David Z. , Spiller Kevin , Packer Jeffrey A. , Seica Michael 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article deals with standard strength tests of new float glass and focuses on the common four-point bending test. Under similar test conditions, glass specimens behave differently in terms of their fracture patterns, location of the fracture origins, ultimate loads at failure, and the tensile strengths at failure. Therefore, standards require a minimum of 30 specimens in a tested sample and present different requirements with regard to face and edge types of failure, the location of failure within the shear span, etc. This article aims at addressing some of these aspects through an experimental study of relatively large samples subjected to four-point bending and a complementary series of three-point bending tests, and by employing a stochastic theoretical model that helps to gain insight of the findings and generalize the conclusions. The article examines whether edge failure specimens should be excluded from the entire tested sample, investigates whether a failure within the shear span differs from a failure in the central constant bending moment zone of the tested specimen, examines the effect of the sample size, and discusses the effect of the specimen size on the results. The study finds that although edge failure specimens may be included in the strength evaluation, they should better be excluded. It is also found that there is no difference between shear span zone and central zone failures. The study finds that there is a considerable scatter of results when a limited size sample of 30 specimens only is tested and caution is required in the interpretation of the results of small size samples. Finally, yet importantly, the article examines the different tensile strength results obtained from different samples following different standards, because of the size effect, and discusses what the real tensile strength of glass is.
Diminished Cortical Thickness Is Associated with Impulsive Choice in Adolescence
Authors: Pehlivanova Marieta , Wolf Daniel H. , Sotiras Aristeidis , Kaczkurkin Antonia N. , Moore Tyler M. , Ciric Rastko , Cook Philip A. , Garcia de La Garza Angel , Rosen Adon F.G. , Ruparel Kosha , Sharma Anup , Shinohara Russell T. , Roalf David R. , Gur Ruben C. , Davatzikos Christos , Gur Raquel E. , Kable Joseph W. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. 
Published: February 2018

Adolescence is characterized by both maturation of brain structure and increased risk of negative outcomes from behaviors associated with impulsive decision-making. One important index of impulsive choice is delay discounting (DD), which measures the tendency to prefer smaller rewards available soon over larger rewards delivered after a delay. However, it remains largely unknown how individual differences in structural brain development may be associated with impulsive choice during adolescence. Leveraging a unique large sample of 427 human youths (208 males and 219 females) imaged as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined associations between delay discounting and cortical thickness within structural covariance networks. These structural networks were derived using non-negative matrix factorization, an advanced multivariate technique for dimensionality reduction, and analyzed using generalized additive models with penalized splines to capture both linear and nonlinear developmental effects. We found that impulsive choice, as measured by greater discounting, was most strongly associated with diminished cortical thickness in structural brain networks that encompassed the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole, and temporoparietal junction. Furthermore, structural brain networks predicted DD above and beyond cognitive performance. Together, these results suggest that reduced cortical thickness in regions known to be involved in value-based decision-making is a marker of impulsive choice during the critical period of adolescence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRisky behaviors during adolescence, such as initiation of substance use or reckless driving, are a major source of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we present evidence from a large sample of youths that diminished cortical thickness in specific structural brain networks is associated with impulsive choice. Notably, the strongest association between impulsive choice and brain structure was seen in regions implicated in value-based decision-making; namely, the ventromedial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices. Moving forward, such neuroanatomical markers of impulsivity may aid in the development of personalized interventions targeted to reduce risk of negative outcomes resulting from impulsivity during adolescence.
Multisensory Integration Enhances Temporal Coding in Ventral Cochlear Nucleus Bushy Cells
Authors: Heeringa Amarins N. , Wu Calvin , Shore Susan E. 
Published: February 2018

Temporal coding of auditory stimuli is critical for understanding communication signals. The bushy cell, a major output neuron of the ventral cochlear nucleus, can “phase-lock” precisely to pure tones and the envelopes of complex stimuli. Bushy cells are also putative recipients of brainstem somatosensory projections and could therefore play a role in perception of communication signals because multisensory integration is required for such complex sound processing. Here, we examine the role of multisensory integration in temporal coding in bushy cells by activating the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5) while recording responses from bushy cells. In normal-hearing guinea pigs of either sex, bushy cell single unit responses to amplitude-modulated (AM) broadband noise were compared with those in the presence of preceding Sp5 electrical stimulation (i.e., bimodal stimuli). Responses to the AM stimuli were also compared with those obtained 45 min after the bimodal stimulation. Bimodal auditory–Sp5 stimulation resulted in enhanced envelope coding for low modulation frequencies, which persisted for up to 45 min. AM detection thresholds were significantly improved 45 min after bimodal auditory–Sp5 stimulation, but not during bimodal auditory–Sp5 stimulation. Anterograde labeling of Sp5 projections was found within the dendritic fields of bushy cells and their inhibitory interneurons, D-stellate cells. Therefore, enhanced AM responses and improved AM sensitivity of bushy cells were likely facilitated by Sp5 neurons through monosynaptic excitatory projections and indirect inhibitory projections. These somatosensory projections may be involved in the improved perception of communication stimuli with multisensory stimulation, consistent with psychophysical studies in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMultisensory integration is crucial for sensory coding because it improves sensitivity to unimodal stimuli and enhances responses to external stimuli. Although multisensory integration has typically been described in the cerebral cortex, the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem is also innervated by multiple sensory systems, including the somatosensory and auditory systems. Here, we showed that convergence of these two sensory systems in the cochlear nucleus results in improved temporal coding in bushy cells, principal output neurons that send projections to higher auditory structures. The improved temporal coding instilled by bimodal auditory–Sp5 stimulation may be important in priming the neurons for coding biologically relevant sounds such as communication signals.
Large Visual Stimuli Induce Two Distinct Gamma Oscillations in Primate Visual Cortex
Authors: Murty Dinavahi V.P.S. , Shirhatti Vinay , Ravishankar Poojya , Ray Supratim 
Published: February 2018

Recent studies have shown the existence of two gamma rhythms in the hippocampus subserving different functions but, to date, primate studies in primary visual cortex have reported a single gamma rhythm. Here, we show that large visual stimuli induce a slow gamma (25–45 Hz) in area V1 of two awake adult female bonnet monkeys and in the EEG of 15 human subjects (7 males and 8 females), in addition to the traditionally known fast gamma (45–70 Hz). The two rhythms had different tuning characteristics for stimulus orientation, contrast, drift speed, and size. Further, fast gamma had short latency, strongly entrained spikes and was coherent over short distances, reflecting short-range processing, whereas slow gamma appeared to reflect long-range processing. Together, two gamma rhythms can potentially provide better coding or communication mechanisms and a more comprehensive biomarker for diagnosis of mental disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGamma rhythm has been associated with high-level cognitive functions such as attention and feature binding and has been reported to be abnormal in brain disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Unlike previous studies that have shown a single gamma rhythm in the primate visual cortex, we found that large visual gratings induce two distinct gamma oscillations in both monkey LFP and human EEG. These rhythms, termed slow (25–45 Hz) and fast (45–70 Hz), exhibited distinct tuning preferences, latencies, and coherence profiles, potentially reflecting processing at two different ranges. Multiple gamma oscillations in visual cortex may provide a richer representation of external visual stimuli and could be used for developing brain–machine interfacing applications and screening tests for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Diagnostic accuracy and comparison of BIPSS in response to lysine vasopressin and hCRH
Authors: Jarial Kush Dev Singh , Bhansali Anil , Gupta Vivek , Singh Paramjeet , Mukherjee Kanchan K , Sharma Akhilesh , Vashishtha Rakesh K , Sukumar Suja P , Sachdeva Naresh , Walia Rama 
Published: February 2018

Context
Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) using hCRH is currently considered the ‘gold standard’ test for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Vasopressin is more potent than CRH to stimulate ACTH secretion as shown in animal studies; however, no comparative data of its use are available during BIPSS.

Objective
To study the diagnostic accuracy and comparison of hCRH and lysine vasopressin (LVP) stimulation during BIPSS.

Patients and methods
29 patients (27-Cushing’s disease, 2-ectopic CS; confirmed on histopathology) underwent BIPSS and were included for the study. Patients were randomized to receive hCRH, 5 U LVP or 10 U LVP during BIPSS for ACTH stimulation. BIPSS and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) were compared with intra-operative findings of trans-sphenoidal surgery (TSS) for localization and lateralization of the ACTH source.

Results
BIPSS correctly localized the source of ACTH excess in 29/29 of the patients with accuracy of 26/26 patients, using any of the agent, whereas sensitivity and PPV for lateralization with hCRH, 5 U LVP and 10 U LVP was seen in 10/10, 6/10; 10/10,8/10 and 7/7,6/7 patients respectively. Concordance of BIPSS with TSS was seen in 20/27, CEMRI with BIPSS in 16/24 and CEMRI with TSS in 18/24 of patients for lateralizing the adenoma. Most of the side effects were transient and were comparable in all the three groups.

Conclusion
BIPSS using either hCRH or LVP (5 U or 10 U) confirmed the source of ACTH excess in all the patients, while 10 U LVP correctly lateralized the pituitary adenoma in three fourth of the patients.
Transformation of Summary Statistics from Linear Mixed Model Association on All-or-None Traits to Odds Ratio
Authors: Lloyd-Jones Luke R , Robinson Matthew R , Yang Jian , Visscher Peter M 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of loci that are robustly associated with complex diseases. The use of linear mixed model (LMM) methodology for GWAS is becoming more prevalent due to its ability to control for population structure and cryptic relatedness and to increase power. The odds ratio (OR) is a common measure of the association of a disease with an exposure (e.g., a genetic variant) and is readably available from logistic regression. However, when the LMM is applied to all-or-none traits it provides estimates of genetic effects on the observed 0–1 scale, a different scale to that in logistic regression. This limits the comparability of results across studies, for example in a meta-analysis, and makes the interpretation of the magnitude of an effect from an LMM GWAS difficult. In this study, we derived transformations from the genetic effects estimated under the LMM to the OR that only rely on summary statistics. To test the proposed transformations, we used real genotypes from two large, publicly available data sets to simulate all-or-none phenotypes for a set of scenarios that differ in underlying model, disease prevalence, and heritability. Furthermore, we applied these transformations to GWAS summary statistics for type 2 diabetes generated from 108,042 individuals in the UK Biobank. In both simulation and real-data application, we observed very high concordance between the transformed OR from the LMM and either the simulated truth or estimates from logistic regression. The transformations derived and validated in this study improve the comparability of results from prospective and already performed LMM GWAS on complex diseases by providing a reliable transformation to a common comparative scale for the genetic effects.
Role of human milk fortifier on weight gain in very low birth weight babies
Authors: Verma Ganesh K. , Yadav Amitesh 
Published: February 2018

Background: Poor weight gain and postnatal growth of VLBW neonates continues to be a major problem. Breast feeding with HMF fortification show positive effect on growth. Main objective is to study the weight gain pattern in very low birth weight babies supplemented with HMF.Methods: This is an observational study conducted in NICU, Department of Pediatrics, U.P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and research Saifai, India between January 2015- June 2016 for assessing the weight gain pattern in VLBW neonates supplemented with HMF.Results: Maximum number of babies supplemented with HMF achieved the targeted weight in 8-14 days (32.2%) followed by those who attained this weight within 15-21 days (30%), 22-28 days (21.1%), <7 days (13.3%) and >28 days (3.3%) respectively. Mean time taken to achieve the targeted weight was 16.69±7.19 days.Conclusions: We concluded that the supplementation with HMF, can result in a significant increase in growth. We demonstrated that fortification of human milk, with HMF did not cause any measured adverse effects in VLBW neonates.
INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION IN CITY OF ISFAHAN
Authors: Almasi Nader , Khorasgani Narges Saeidian 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: The objective of this study was evaluation of the relationship between emotional intelligence and effectiveness of educational administration in city of Isfahan using descriptive and correlational approaches.
Methodology: The studied population included 444 education managers in city of Isfahan in year 2015-2016. Based on Cochran formula, 216 participants were systematically sampled for the study. The data collection tool was two standard questionnaires of emotional intelligence questionnaire of Rod Barry and Jane Graves (2005) and effectiveness questionnaire of Aspercher and Christopher (2002). The validity of questionnaires were confirmed by some of the education managers, while reliability of them were calculated using Cronbach’s alpha for emotional intelligence and effectiveness to be 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. Data analysis was performed for both descriptive (frequency, percentage, chart) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, stepwise regression, and analysis of variance tests).
Main Findings: Results showed that there is a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and effectiveness of administration with correlation coefficient of 0.372 and reliability of 0.002. Also, there was a significant correlation between optimism/emotion regulation factor and effectiveness of administration with correlation coefficient of 0.264 and reliability of 0.000. In addition, there was a significant correlation between evaluation of emotion and interaction marketing factor with correlation coefficient of 0.434 and reliability of 0.001. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between social skills and effectiveness of administration with correlation coefficient of 0.254 and reliability of 0.04. Finally, there was a significant correlation between use of emotions and effectiveness of administration with correlation coefficient of 0.251 and reliability of 0.004.
Implications: This study and result will enlighten academicians and administration about role of emotional intelligence in work culture and success.
Originality: In author’s knowledge and belief this study is first of its kin din city of Isfahan.
Feeding Infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Finding the Sweet Spot
Authors: Maguire Denise J. , Shaffer-Hudkins Emily , Armstrong Kathleen , Clark Leah 
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to learn how caregivers who are expert in feeding infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) successfully feed these infants during withdrawal.Focus group methodology was used to gather information from self-identified experts from three large regional NICUs. Twelve NICU nurses and speech therapists participated in open-ended, recorded discussions. Detailed flip chart notes were taken, reviewed, and verified by the participants before the group ended.Four major themes emerged verified by the participants: (1) optimal medication management, (2) follow the baby’s cues, (3) calm and comfortable, and (4) nurture the relationship. Participants reported using both common and creative techniques. Keeping the infant calm was crucial to being successful, as well as maintaining good control of withdrawal signs. Feeding the infant facing away from them to avoid eye contact was used, as well as vertical rocking, continuous butt patting, bundling, “shhing” sound, and a novel feeding position.
Karakteristik Morfologis dan Penyebaran Padi Lokal Lahan Rawa di Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Kodir Kiagus Abdul , Juwita Yuana , Ali Triyandar 
Published: February 2018

<p>Inventarisasi sumber daya genetic (SDG) padi lokal lahan rawa di Sumatera Selatan telah dilakukan dalam kurun waktu tahun 2013-2015. Kegiatan inventarisasi dilakukan pada dua agroekosistem lahan padi di Sumatera Selatan, yaitu lahan rawa lebak (di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir dan Ogan Ilir) dan lahan rawa pasang surut (di Kabupaten Banyuasin). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dan <em>desk study</em><em>.</em> Karakterisasi morfo-agronomis juga telah dilakukan baik secara <em>in-situ</em> maupun <em>ex-situ.</em> Hasil pengamatan karakteristik morfologis dianalisis secara deskriptif. Sebanyak total 115 jenis aksesi lahan rawa telah berhasil diinventarisasi dengan sebaran 67 asksesi dari lahan rawa lebak dan 48 aksesi di lahan pasang surut. Dari hasil karakterisasi morfo-agronomis diketahui bahwa terdapat keragaman yang tinggi pada aksesi-aksesi padi lokal lahan rawa yang dikoleksi dari lokasi yang berbeda.</p>