bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4 Political Ecology and the Event: Calusa Social Action in Early Colonial Entanglements
Authors: Thompson Victor D. , Thompson Amanda D. Roberts , Worth John E. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThere are many examples of colonial entanglements resulting in shifts in religions, practices, subsistence, and political structures, largely linked to inequalities between the colonized and the colonizers. However, there are also examples in which practices, particularly among Native American societies, persisted in the context of social situations that intertwined peoples with diverse histories. At the time of Spanish arrival, the Calusa of southwestern Florida were a large‐scale, hierarchical society with supra‐community integration and were able to maintain high degrees of autonomy. Our focus here is to explicate the early colonial world of the Calusa. Specifically, we want to understand why early European interactions take such a dramatically different course in southwestern Florida than in other areas of Spanish colonization. To do so we use political ecology and recent scholarship on eventful archaeology to consider Calusa and Spanish social and political action. Our work focuses on interactions between the Spanish and the Calusa during the early and mid‐sixteenth century (ca. 1513 to 1569 CE). We argue that because the Calusa were fisher‐gatherer‐hunters, lacked maize agriculture, and had their capital on the defensible island of Mound Key, Spanish‐Calusa interactions and events transpired in a fundamentally different context compared to other Spanish outposts and colonies. With this example, we show how various events, knowledge, and traditions of the Calusa of southern Florida all worked to create a vastly different colonial entanglement that resulted in the Spanish abandonment of the area for some time.
5 Maintaining Social Bonds during the Preclassic: An Incipient Urban Landscape
Authors: Juarez Santiago 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIn this paper I utilize the perspective of political ecology to guide the study of incipient urbanization in the Preclassic site of Noh K'uh in Chiapas, Mexico. In my analysis of landscape formation and local settlement patterns, I demonstrate how the relationship between people and the environment was particularly intimate within the valley that is home to Noh K'uh. In this case, orientation, architecture, and natural landmarks demonstrate the physical manifestation of political, social, and ritual organization in this Late Preclassic community. By emphasizing the political ecology perspective, I am able to outline how ritual and politics used features of a sacred world to create and organize an incipient urban community in the New World.
Periprostatic fat adipokine expression is correlated with prostate cancer aggressiveness in men undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized disease
Authors: Dahran Naief , Szewczyk‐Bieda Magdalena , Vinnicombe Sarah , Fleming Stewart , Nabi Ghulam 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) adipokine expression and prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness using both pathological features of radical prostatectomy (RP) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) variables.Patients and MethodsSixty‐nine men were recruited to assess immunohistochemical expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of periprostatic fat of RP specimens. Per cent immunopositivity was quantified on scanned slides using the Aperio Positive Pixel Count algorithm for PPAT TNFα, VEGF and androgen receptors. Periprostatic fat volume (PFV) was segmented on contiguous T1‐weighted axial MRI slices from the level of the prostate base to apex. PFV was normalized to prostate volume (PV) to account for variations in PV (normalized PFV = PFV/PV). MRI quantitative values (Kep, Ktrans and apparent diffusion coefficient) were measured from the PCa primary lesion using Olea Sphere software. Patients were stratified into three groups according to RP Gleason score (GS): ≤6, 7(3 + 4) and ≥7(4 + 3).ResultsThe mean rank of VEGF and TNFα was significantly different between the groups [H(2) = 11.038, P = 0.004] and [H(2) = 13.086, P = 0.001], respectively. Patients with stage pT3 had higher TNFα (18.2 ± 8.95) positivity than patients with stage pT2 (13.27 ± 10.66; t [67] = −2.03, P = 0.047). TNFα expression significantly correlated with Ktrans (ρ = 0.327, P = 0.023). TNFα (P = 0.043), and VEGF (P = 0.02) correlated with high grade PCa (GS ≥ 7) in RP specimens and also correlated significantly with upgrading of GS from biopsy to RP histology.ConclusionsThe expression levels of TNFα and VEGF on immunostaining significantly correlated with aggressivity of PCa. As biomarkers, these indicate the risk of having high grade PCa in men undergoing RP.
Extensive clinical experience: Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis recovery after adrenalectomy for corticotropin‐independent cortisol excess
Authors: Hurtado Maria Daniela , Cortes Tiffany , Natt Neena , Young William F. , Bancos Irina 
Published: July 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo identify predictors of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis recovery interval and severity of glucocorticoid withdrawal symptoms (GWS) in patients undergoing adrenalectomy for corticotropin‐independent cortisol excess.DesignThis is a retrospective study of patients with mild autonomous cortisol excess (MACE), moderate and severe Cushing syndrome (CS) who developed adrenal insufficiency after unilateral adrenalectomy between 1998 and 2017.ResultsAdrenalectomy was performed in 81 patients (79% women, median age 52 years [IQR 42‐62]). HPA axis recovery occurred at a median of 4.3 months (IQR 1.6‐11.4) after adrenalectomy (severe CS vs moderate CS vs MACE: median 11.4 vs 2.8 vs 2.1 months, P < 0.01). Main predictors of HPA axis recovery interval included: preoperative serum cortisol concentration after 1‐mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test >10 μg/dL or >276 nmol/L (9.7 vs 1.3 months if cortisol ≤10 μg/dL or ≤276 nmol/L, P < 0.01); body mass index (for every 3 kg/m2 decrease, glucocorticoid taper increased by 1 month, P < 0.05); age <45 (11.4 vs 2.3 months if ≥45 years, P < 0.05); duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis >1 year (11.4 vs 2.8 months if ≤1 year); moon facies (11.4 vs 2.2 months if no rounding of the face); and myopathy (13.1 vs 2.7 months if no myopathy, P < 0.05). Patients with severe CS had a higher incidence of GWS compared to patients with MACE (66.7% vs 40.0%, P < 0.05) with a median of 1 and 0 events/patient, respectively.ConclusionsThe HPA axis recovery interval was the longest for patients with severe CS. Surprisingly, patients with moderate CS recovered their HPA axis as quickly as those with MACE. Glucocorticoid withdrawal symptoms were observed in all groups, with more events in patients with severe CS. This study emphasizes the need to counsel patients on expectations for HPA axis recovery and address intervention for GWS based on individual preoperative parameters.
A soft‐bodied euarthropod from the early Cambrian Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte of China supports a new clade of basal artiopodans with dorsal ecdysial sutures
Authors: Du Kun‐sheng , Ortega‐Hernández Javier , Yang Jie , Zhang Xi‐guang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe describe the exceptionally well‐preserved non‐trilobite artiopodan Zhiwenia coronata gen. et sp. nov. from the Cambrian Stage 3 Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte in Yunnan, China. The exoskeleton consists of a cephalic shield with dorsal sutures expressed as lateral notches that accommodate stalked lateral eyes, an elongate trunk composed of 20 tergites—the first of which is reduced—and a short tailspine with marginal spines. Appendicular data include a pair of multi‐segmented antennae, and homonomous biramous trunk limbs consisting of an endopod with at least seven podomeres and a flattened exopod with lamellae. Although the presence of cephalic notches and a reduced first trunk tergite invites comparisons with the petalopleurans Xandarella, Luohiniella and Cindarella, the proportions and exoskeletal tagmosis of Zhiwenia do not closely resemble those of any major group within Trilobitomorpha. Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses consistently support Zhiwenia as sister‐taxon to the Emu Bay Shale artiopodan Australimicola spriggi, and both of them as closely related to Acanthomeridion from the Chengjiang. This new monophyletic clade, Protosutura nov., occupies a basal phylogenetic position within Artiopoda as sister‐group to Trilobitomorpha and Vicissicaudata, illuminates the ancestral organization of these successful euarthropods, and leads to a re‐evaluation of the evolution of ecdysial dorsal sutures within the group.
Anorectal symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ferdinande K. , Dorreman Y. , Roelens K. , Ceelen W. , De Looze D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThe aim was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of anal symptoms prepartum and postpartum.MethodA prospective observational cohort study was carried out in Ghent University Hospital, Belgium. Ninety‐four pregnant women between their 19th and 25th week of pregnancy were included. An anal symptom questionnaire was filled in at four different times: in the second and third trimester, immediately postpartum and 3 months postpartum. Descriptive data were obtained from patient files. A proctological diagnosis was presumed on the basis of combined symptoms (i.e. rectal bleeding, anal pain and swelling). Constipation was defined by the Rome III criteria. Risk factors were identified using multivariate analysis.ResultsSixty‐eight per cent of the patients developed anal symptoms. The most prevalent symptom was anal pain. Constipation was reported by 60.7% during the study period. Seven women (7.9%) suffered from faecal incontinence. The most prevalent diagnoses were haemorrhoidal thrombosis (immediately postpartum), haemorrhoidal prolapse (in the third trimester and immediately postpartum) and anal fissure (not episode related). The two independent risk factors for anal complaints were constipation, with a 6.3 odds ratio (95% CI 2.08–19.37), and a history of anal problems, with a 3.9 odds ratio (95% CI 1.2–13). The Bristol Stool Chart was shown to be a reliable indicator in pregnancy and postpartum as significant correlations were observed in all study periods.ConclusionTwo‐thirds of pregnant women have anal symptoms during pregnancy and postpartum, especially haemorrhoidal complications and anal fissure. The most important risk factor is constipation. The prevention of constipation in pregnant women is therefore highly recommended.
Predator and floral traits change pollinator behaviour, with consequences for plant fitness
Authors: Gavini Sabrina S. , Quintero Carolina , Tadey Mariana 
Published: July 2018

1. Flower‐dwelling predators may interfere in plant–pollinator interactions through changes in pollinator behaviour, leading to a reduction in pollination services. Although the context‐dependency of tri‐trophic interactions is often acknowledged, the relative contribution of predator, pollinator and flower traits in shaping pollinator behaviour has been rarely studied simultaneously.2. Pollinators' responses to predation risk were evaluated using artificial spiders on Alstroemeria aurea flowers in order to experimentally test whether predator traits (colour and size) and nectar availability affect their behaviour and plant fitness.3. Regarding the predator's traits, both sizes of artificial spiders used were similarly rejected, but spider colour was detected differently. In particular, red and black artificial spiders were more strongly rejected than the rest. In turn, nectar availability increased the time spent in the inflorescences, yet most pollinators rejected flowers with artificial spiders independently of nectar availability. Furthermore, responses to artificial spider colour and nectar availability varied significantly between dipterans and hymenopterans. Finally, artificial spiders reduced seed set and fruit weight of plants owing to changes in the behaviour of the most efficient pollinators.4. It was shown that poorly studied predator traits such as colour and size may affect pollinator behaviour in different ways among taxa. In addition, feeding necessity in a rich‐resource environment was a weaker selecting force than predation risk. Hence, it is argued here that trade‐offs between predation and flower reward may arise depending on predator detection, relationship between pollinator and predator size, and resource availability in the ecosystem with consequences for plant fitness.
Comparison of the neurocognitive profiles of individuals with elevated psychotic or depressive symptoms
Authors: Grossman Michael , Best Michael W. , Harrison Allyson G. , Bowie Christopher R. 
Published: July 2018

AimNeurocognitive deficits are pervasive and enduring features of severe mental illness that appear before the onset of clinical symptoms and contribute to functional disability. However, it remains unclear how individuals who display warning signs for psychotic or mood disorders compare on their neurocognitive profiles since previous studies have separately examined neurocognition in both groups. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to directly compare performance on a range of neurocognitive tasks in individuals with emerging psychotic or mood symptoms.MethodsParticipants were drawn from a database of individuals who completed a comprehensive assessment at a university‐based assessment centre. We examined 3 groups: individuals who endorsed elevated psychotic symptoms (EPS; n = 64), individuals who endorsed elevated depressive symptoms (EDS; n = 58), or non‐clinical comparisons (NCC; n = 57) without any elevated psychiatric symptoms or diagnoses.ResultsEPS participants performed worse than NCC and EDS groups on verbal comprehension, working memory and cognitive flexibility, and worse than NCC, but not EDS, on perceptual reasoning. There were no significant differences between groups on processing speed, verbal fluency and set‐shifting. EDS performed worse than both EPS and NCC groups on psychomotor speed. Dimensionally, poorer cognitive functioning was more strongly related to EPS than depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the distinct yet overlapping neurocognitive profiles of both groups with emerging psychiatric symptoms, and suggest that, despite having no formal diagnosis, individuals with EPS exhibit observable cognitive impairment and may still benefit from interventions within academic and workplace contexts.
Genomic signatures of environmental selection despite near‐panmixia in summer flounder
Authors: Hoey Jennifer A. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRapid environmental change is altering the selective pressures experienced by marine species. While adaptation to local environmental conditions depends on a balance between dispersal and natural selection across the seascape, the spatial scale of adaptation and the relative importance of mechanisms maintaining adaptation in the ocean are not well understood. Here, using population assignment tests, Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), and genome scans with double‐digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing data, we evaluated population structure and locus–environment associations in a commercially important species, summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), along the U.S. east coast. Based on 1,137 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 232 individuals spanning nearly 1,900 km, we found no indication of population structure across Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (FST = 0.0014) or of isolation by distance along the coast using individual relatedness. ABC estimated the probability of dispersal across the biogeographic break at Cape Hatteras to be high (95% credible interval: 7%–50% migration). However, we found 15 loci whose allele frequencies were associated with at least one of four environmental variables. Of those, 11 were correlated with bottom temperature. For summer flounder, our results suggest continued fisheries management as a single population and identify likely response mechanisms to climate change. Broadly speaking, our findings suggest that spatial balancing selection can manifest in adaptive divergence on regional scales in marine fish despite high dispersal, and that these conditions likely result in the widespread distribution of adaptive alleles and a high potential for future genetic adaptation in response to changing environmental conditions. In the context of a rapidly changing world, a landscape genomics perspective offers a useful approach for understanding the causes and consequences of genetic differentiation.
Do recreational fisheries metrics vary on differently sized fishing grounds?
Authors: Lyach Roman , Čech Martin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the relationship between basic metrics in recreational fishing and the size of the fishing ground. Data were obtained from individual angling logbooks collected by the Czech Fishing Union over 12 years on 212 fishing grounds located in the regions of Prague and Central Bohemia in the Czech Republic. Small fishing grounds had the highest catch, yield, numbers of fishing visits and numbers of angling guard controls per hectare. Medium‐sized fishing grounds had the highest catch, yield, and numbers of both fishing visits and angling guard controls per fishing ground. Anglers returned to medium‐sized fishing grounds most frequently. The percentage of anglers who caught and took home at least one fish decreased with increasing size of the fishing ground. In conclusion, basic metrics in recreational fishing are related to the size of the fishing ground, which thus plays an important role in fisheries management.
Geometries of ‘global’ evangelicalism
Authors: ROSE LENA 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article, I explore the power dynamics at play in religious place‐making. I critically discuss the uneven co‐configurations of imaginaries of the ‘local’ and ‘global’ within global evangelicalism. Specifically, I analyse the recent recording of a live album by the famous charismatic Australian band Hillsong United (of Hillsong Church) at various locations in Israel‐Palestine, which was followed by a concert tour in Israel. Palestinian evangelical Christians were critical of this endeavour, for they felt that it marginalized and excluded them from their global evangelical faith family. The frictions between the Palestinian evangelical community and Hillsong United illustrate how dominant evangelical actors create an imagination of the ‘local’, which enters the imaginary of global evangelicalism (and bears material consequences). In the article, I thus argue that privileged financial and cultural resources and travel regimes lead to specific notions of geometries of power in global evangelicalism.
Real‐time dynamic torque values and axial forces during preparation of straight root canals using three different endodontic motors and hand preparation
Authors: Bürklein S. , Stüber J. P. , Schäfer E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the real‐time dynamic torque values and axial forces during preparation of straight root canals using three different endodontic motors and hand preparation.MethodologySixty maxillary incisors were divided into four homogeneous groups (n = 15). After glide path establishment (size 20) the root canals were prepared to an apical size 40 using the rotary NiTi system F6 SkyTaper. Motors (DentaPort ZX OTR, EndoPilot and VDW.silver) were set to ‘auto‐torque‐reverse’ mode and DentaPort ZX was set to its specific OTR mode (optimum torque reverse). One group served as a control using manual balanced‐force canal preparation with K‐Flexofiles. Teeth were embedded in resin and fixed in a multi‐component sensor measuring axial and torsional load during active instrumentation with 50 Hz. Preparation time was also recorded. Data were statistically analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsThe maximum axial forces (peak) and both peaks of dynamic clockwise and counter‐clockwise torque did not differ significantly when using the three different motors despite different gear ratios and pre‐settings. Only the VDW.silver motor exceeded the torque values during the use of 30 instruments (3.3%). The Morita OTR motor exceeded the maximum intrinsic torque set at 1.0 Ncm in approximately 53% of cases. The larger tapered F6 SkyTaper instruments (size 20, .06 taper and size 30, .06 taper) created significantly higher torque values (P < 0.0001). Manual instrumentation created significantly lower torque levels and higher axial values compared to rotary instrumentation (P < 0.0001) and was significantly more time consuming (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsManual preparation was associated with significantly lower torque peaks compared to rotary instrumentation. The three motors remained well within the safety torque values of the instruments.
Advancing Performance Measurement Theory by Focusing on Subjects: Lessons from the Measurement of Social Value
Authors: Beer Haley Allison , Micheli Pietro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPerformance measurement and management (PMM) researchers have recently called for a closer inspection of social controls – the cultural and behavioural aspects of PMM inside organizations – as a complement to longstanding inquiries into technical controls – the rational and structural processes that enable measurement. The authors address this call by first reviewing the principal findings obtained in the field of social value measurement (SVM), which focuses on the measurement of how and to what extent individuals and groups perceive and realize subjective changes (i.e. in knowledge, access and health) from interactions with organizations. Subsequently, the authors distil the main characteristics of SVM research (i.e. the basic conceptualizations, stated purposes and normative principles). They find that SVM tends to highlight the importance of individual and group wellbeing and welfare, aim to understand how organizational actions influence these conditions, and focus on individuals’ lived experiences of measuring or being measured. In comparison, PMM research concentrates on technical controls, relies mainly on notions of systems and structured processes, and assumes people's behaviours are impacted by measures, but does not fully explore their responses. The authors argue that to acknowledge and integrate social aspects of PMM properly into research and practice, subjects – with their thoughts, emotions and experiences – should be included more explicitly in future studies and theorizations.