bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk‐Adjusted Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart in Healthcare
Authors: Mitra Amitava 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The use of control charts for monitoring outcomes, classified as nonconforming or not, in the field of healthcare is of much importance. However, unlike the manufacturing sector where the assumption that items being monitored are independent and identically distributed may hold, such may not be the case in the area of healthcare. The patients, whose outcomes are to be monitored, do not have the same degree of severity of illness. Since these preexisting conditions may affect the outcome, such as mortality or survival from a surgical procedure, they need to be incorporated in the monitoring scheme. The concept of risk adjustment, which utilizes the patient's severity of illness, is used to determine the expected outcome and the associated control limits. A risk‐adjusted exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart is presented. The procedure takes into account the outcome associated with each patient, for example, mortality or survival, and the patient's preoperative risk to monitor a statistic that weights the current and prior outcomes. Since the procedure incorporates each patient's outcome, compared to aggregating the outcomes as in a proportion nonconforming chart, it has a higher power for detecting out‐of‐control conditions.
Sure Independence Screening
Authors: Fan Jianqing , Lv Jinchi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBig data is ubiquitous in various fields of sciences, engineering, medicine, social sciences, and humanities. It is often accompanied by a large number of variables and features. While adding much greater flexibility to modeling with enriched feature space, ultrahigh‐dimensional data analysis poses fundamental challenges to scalable learning and inference with good statistical efficiency. Sure independence screening is a simple and effective method to this endeavor. This framework of two‐scale statistical learning, consisting of large‐scale screening followed by moderate‐scale variable selection introduced in Fan and Lv (2008), has been extensively investigated and extended to various model settings ranging from parametric to semiparametric and nonparametric for regression, classification, and survival analysis. This article provides an overview of the developments of sure independence screening over the past decade. These developments demonstrate the wide applicability of the sure independence screening‐based learning and inference for big data analysis with desired scalability and theoretical guarantees.
The International Prize in Statistics
Authors: Wasserstein Ronald L. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Prominent science awards, such as the Nobel, Clay Millennium, Abel, and Shaw Prizes, garner attention each year from the media and the public as well as respect from other scientists. People in our profession noted for decades that statistics has no major international award, to no avail. However, developments in the past several years made the timing right to bring this award to the forefront. Never before has statistics experienced the convergence of factors – the media's focus on Big Data, rising interest by young people in statistics, across‐the‐board support from all the major statistical organizations, and a strong desire and commitment among statisticians to increase the public profile of the statistics profession. In the midst of this convergence, the International Prize in Statistics was launched. In this article, we will review the conditions that led to the discussion of the prize, the history behind its creation, the structure of the International Prize Foundation, the criteria for the prize, and the awarding of the first International Prize in Statistics.
Grey Systems in Reliability
Authors: Talafuse Thomas P. , Pohl Edward A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on the use of models derived from grey systems theory as effective methods for reliability prediction and reliability growth modeling. The ability of grey systems models to handle limited data quantities, missing information, and unknown information makes a compelling case for use in the reliability realm. An introduction to grey systems theory and the GM(1,1) model is presented, and two highlights from recent literature showing application of grey systems models for reliability estimation are discussed. Grey systems models are used to estimate component reliability from masked system life data and are also used to model reliability growth for complex systems when failure data are sparse. Future applications of grey systems models to reliability problems are considered in this emerging line of research. References are given to recent work.
Advances in Manganese‐Based Oxides Cathodic Electrocatalysts for Li–Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Bao , Sun Yinglun , Liu Li , Xu Shan , Yan Xingbin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLi–air batteries, characteristic of superhigh theoretical specific energy density, cost‐efficiency, and environment‐friendly merits, have aroused ever‐increasing attention. Nevertheless, relatively low Coulomb efficiency, severe potential hysteresis, and poor rate capability, which mainly result from sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics, as well as pitiful cycle stability caused by parasitic reactions, extremely limit their practical applications. Manganese (Mn)‐based oxides and their composites can exhibit high ORR and OER activities, reduce charge/discharge overpotential, and improve the cycling stability when used as cathodic catalyst materials. Herein, energy storage mechanisms for Li–air batteries are summarized, followed by a systematic overview of the progress of manganese‐based oxides (MnO2 with different crystal structures, MnO, MnOOH, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, MnOx, perovskite‐type and spinel‐type manganese oxides, etc.) cathodic materials for Li–air batteries in the recent years. The focus lies on the effects of crystal structure, design strategy, chemical composition, and microscopic physical parameters on ORR and OER activities of various Mn‐based oxides, and even the overall performance of Li–air batteries. Finally, a prospect of the research for Mn‐based oxides cathodic catalysts in the future is made, and some new insights for more reasonable design of Mn‐based oxides electrocatalysts with higher catalytic efficiency are provided.
Kinetics of Space Charge Storage in Composites
Authors: Chen Chia‐Chin , Navickas Edvinas , Fleig Jürgen , Maier Joachim 
Published: February 2018

AbstractComposites of ion and electron conducting phases allow for interfacial storage of a neutral component via space charge effects. The present contribution considers the rate of transport‐controlled incorporation and excorporation in such artificial mixed conductors. The upper limit of the relaxation time is determined by interfacial job‐sharing diffusion which is analyzed in greater detail. In general cases bulk phases assist by migration processes (dual phase transport). For more complex morphological situations, the considerations are complemented by numerical calculations. Thus the treatment also offers a pertinent approach with respect to the kinetics of solid state supercapacitors. Selected experimental results are included in the discussion.
Tailoring the Surface Chemical Reactivity of Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide PtTe2 Crystals
Authors: Politano Antonio , Chiarello Gennaro , Kuo Chia‐Nung , Lue Chin Shan , Edla Raju , Torelli Piero , Pellegrini Vittorio , Boukhvalov Danil W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPtTe2 is a novel transition‐metal dichalcogenide hosting type‐II Dirac fermions that displays application capabilities in optoelectronics and hydrogen evolution reaction. Here it is shown, by combining surface science experiments and density functional theory, that the pristine surface of PtTe2 is chemically inert toward the most common ambient gases (oxygen and water) and even in air. It is demonstrated that the creation of Te vacancies leads to the appearance of tellurium‐oxide phases upon exposing defected PtTe2 surfaces to oxygen or ambient atmosphere, which is detrimental for the ambient stability of uncapped PtTe2‐based devices. On the contrary, in PtTe2 surfaces modified by the joint presence of Te vacancies and substitutional carbon atoms, the stable adsorption of hydroxyl groups is observed, an essential step for water splitting and the water–gas shift reaction. These results thus pave the way toward the exploitation of this class of Dirac materials in catalysis.
Monodisperse CNT Microspheres for High Permeability and Efficiency Flow‐Through Filtration Applications
Authors: Copic Davor , Maggini Laura , De Volder Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT)‐based filters have the potential to revolutionize water treatment because of their high capacity and fast kinetics in sorption of organic, inorganic, and biological pollutants. To date, CNT filters either rely on CNTs dispersed in liquids, which are difficult to recover and cause safety concerns, or on CNT buckypaper, which offers high efficiency, but suffers from an intrinsic trade‐off between filter permeability and capacity. Here, a new approach is presented that bypasses this trade‐off and achieves buckypaper‐like efficiency combined with filter‐column‐like permeability and capacity. For this, CNTs are first assembled into porous microspheres and then are packed into microfluidic column filters. These microcolumns exhibit large flow‐through filtration efficiencies, while maintaining membrane permeabilities an order of magnitude larger then CNT buckypaper and specific permeabilities double that of activated carbon for similar flowrates (232 000 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, 1.23 × 10−12 m2). Moreover, in a test to remove sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) from water, these microstructured CNT columns outperform activated carbon columns. This improved filtration efficiency and permeability is an important step toward a broader implementation of CNT‐based filtration devices.
Molecularly Imprinted Porous Aromatic Frameworks and Their Composite Components for Selective Extraction of Uranium Ions
Authors: Yuan Ye , Yang Yajie , Ma Xujiao , Meng Qinghao , Wang Lili , Zhao Shuai , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSelective extraction of uranium from water has attracted worldwide attention because the largest source of uranium is seawater with various interference ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, etc.). However, traditional adsorbents encapsulate most of their functional sites in their dense structure, leading to problems with low selectivity and adsorption capacities. In this work, the tailor‐made binding sites are first decorated into porous skeletons, and a series of molecularly imprinted porous aromatic frameworks are prepared for uranium extraction. Because the porous architecture provides numerous accessible sites, the resultant material has a fourfold increased ion capacity compared with traditional molecularly imprinted polymers and presents the highest selectivity among all reported uranium adsorbents. Moreover, the porous framework can be dispersed into commercial polymers to form composite components for the practical extraction of uranium ions from simulated seawater.
True Low‐Power Self‐Locking Soft Actuators
Authors: Kim Seung Jae , Kim Onnuri , Park Moon Jeong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNatural double‐layered structures observed in living organisms are known to exhibit asymmetric volume changes with environmental triggers. Typical examples are natural roots of plants, which show unique self‐organized bending behavior in response to environmental stimuli. Herein, light‐ and electro‐active polymer (LEAP) based actuators with a double‐layered structure are reported. The LEAP actuators exhibit an improvement of 250% in displacement and hold an object three times heavier as compared to that in the case of conventional electro‐active polymer actuators. Most interestingly, the bending motion of the LEAP actuators can be effectively locked for a few tens of minutes even in the absence of a power supply. Further, the self‐locking LEAP actuators show a large and reversible bending strain of more than 2.0% and require only 6.2 mW h cm−2 of energy to hold an object for 15 min at an operating voltage of 3 V. These novel self‐locking soft actuators should find wide applicability in artificial muscles, biomedical microdevices, and various innovative soft robot technologies.
Direct 3D Printing of Reactive Agitating Impellers for the Convenient Treatment of Various Pollutants in Water
Authors: Sun Xueyan , Yan Ying , Zhang Lijing , Ma Guangxin , Liu Yang , Yu Yongxian , An Qi , Tao Shengyang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMass transfer plays a key role in the diffusion‐controlled heterogeneous reactions. Varied efforts have been made to design the structure of catalysts and reactors to optimize the diffusion process. Herein, a facile strategy is reported to construct highly reactive agitating impeller (denoted as AI) by employing 3D printing and a facile surface activation treatment. On the one hand, experimental results and numerical simulation analysis reveal that the 3D printing AI with appropriate structure can not only effectively eliminate external diffusion but also conveniently be separated from heterogeneous reaction systems. On the other hand, surface activation helps to significantly promote the chemical reactivity of AI for Fenton and galvanic replacement reaction, which are used to treat organic and inorganic pollutants in water, respectively. Benefiting from these cooperative merits, the integrated catalytic AI delivers a catalytic performance toward Fenton reactions as high as a homogeneous catalyst, and the removal rate for heavy metal ions is nearly 100% through galvanic replacement. This 3D printing with surface engineering strategy should also be extended to other applications, and provide new field for preparing efficient and durable heterogeneous catalysts in a more economical way.
Single‐Nanoparticle Photoelectrochemistry at a Nanoparticulate TiO2‐Filmed Ultramicroelectrode
Authors: Peng Yue‐Yi , Ma Hui , Ma Wei , Long Yi‐Tao , Tian He 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical method for achieving real‐time detection of single nanoparticle collision events is presented. Using a micrometer‐thick nanoparticulate TiO2‐filmed Au ultra‐microelectrode (TiO2@Au UME), a sub‐millisecond photocurrent transient was observed for an individual N719‐tagged TiO2 (N719@TiO2) nanoparticle and is due to the instantaneous collision process. Owing to a trap‐limited electron diffusion process as the rate‐limiting step, a random three‐dimensional diffusion model was developed to simulate electron transport dynamics in TiO2 film. The combination of theoretical simulation and high‐resolution photocurrent measurement allow electron‐transfer information of a single N719@TiO2 nanoparticle to be quantified at single‐molecule accuracy and the electron diffusivity and the electron‐collection efficiency of TiO2@Au UME to be estimated. This method provides a test for studies of photoinduced electron transfer at the single‐nanoparticle level.
Tunable Crystallinity and Charge Transfer in Two‐Dimensional G‐Quadruplex Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wu Yi‐Lin , Bobbitt N. Scott , Logsdon Jenna L. , Powers‐Riggs Natalia E. , Nelson Jordan N. , Liu Xiaolong , Wang Timothy C. , Snurr Randall Q. , Hupp Joseph T. , Farha Omar K. , Hersam Mark C. , Wasielewski Michael R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDNA G‐quadruplex structures were recently discovered to provide reliable scaffolding for two‐dimensional organic frameworks due to the strong hydrogen‐bonding ability of guanine. Herein, 2,7‐diaryl pyrene building blocks with high HOMO energies and large optical gaps are incorporated into G‐quadruplex organic frameworks. The adjustable substitution on the aryl groups provides an opportunity to elucidate the framework formation mechanism; molecular non‐planarity is found to be beneficial for restricting interlayer slippage, and the framework crystallinity is highest when intermolecular interaction and non‐planarity strike a fine balance. When guanine‐functionalized pyrenes are co‐crystallized with naphthalene diimide, charge‐transfer (CT) complexes are obtained. The photophysical properties of the pyrene‐only and CT frameworks are characterized by UV/Vis and steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies, and by EPR spectroscopy for the CT complex frameworks.
Nanoisozymes: Crystal‐Facet‐Dependent Enzyme‐Mimetic Activity of V2O5 Nanomaterials
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Roy Punarbasu , Karmodak Naiwrit , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. , Mugesh Govindasamy 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNanomaterials with enzyme‐like activity (nanozymes) attract significant interest owing to their applications in biomedical research. Particularly, redox nanozymes that exhibit glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐like activity play important roles in cellular signaling by controlling the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level. Herein we report, for the first time, that the redox properties and GPx‐like activity of V2O5 nanozyme depends not only on the size and morphology, but also on the crystal facets exposed on the surface within the same crystal system of the nanomaterials. These results suggest that the surface of the nanomaterials can be engineered to fine‐tune their redox properties to act as “nanoisozymes” for specific biological applications.
A Catalyst‐Free Amination of Functional Organolithium Reagents by Flow Chemistry
Authors: Kim Heejin , Yonekura Yuya , Yoshida Jun‐ichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractReported is the electrophilic amination of functional organolithium intermediates with well‐designed aminating reagents under mild reaction conditions using flow microreactors. The aminating reagents were optimized to achieve efficient C−N bond formation without using any catalyst. The electrophilic amination reactions of functionalized aryllithiums were successfully conducted under mild reaction conditions, within 1 minute, by using flow microreactors. The aminating reagent was also prepared by the flow method. Based on stopped‐flow NMR analysis, the reaction time for the preparation of the aminating reagent was quickly optimized without the necessity of work‐up. Integrated one‐flow synthesis consisting of the generation of an aryllithium, the preparation of an aminating reagent, and their combined reaction was successfully achieved to give the desired amine within 5 minutes of total reaction time.
Sulfonamidation of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides through Photosensitized Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Kim Taehoon , McCarver Stefan J. , Lee Chulbom , MacMillan David W. C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHerein we report a highly efficient method for nickel‐catalyzed C−N bond formation between sulfonamides and aryl electrophiles. This technology provides generic access to a broad range of N‐aryl and N‐heteroaryl sulfonamide motifs, which are widely represented in drug discovery. Initial mechanistic studies suggest an energy‐transfer mechanism wherein C−N bond reductive elimination occurs from a triplet excited NiII complex. Late‐stage sulfonamidation in the synthesis of a pharmacologically relevant structure is also demonstrated.
Serum vitamin D in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ouma Shinji , Suenaga Midori , Bölükbaşı Hatip Funda F. , Hatip‐Al‐Khatib Izzettin , Tsuboi Yoshio , Matsunaga Yoichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the relevance of Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D3), and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and various stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Materials and MethodsThe study included 230 participants (>74 years) allocated to three main groups: 1‐healthy subjects (HS, n = 61), 2‐patients with MCI (n = 61), and 3‐ patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) subdivided into three stages: mild (n = 41), moderate (n = 35), and severe AD (n = 32). The cognitive status was evaluated using MMSE. Serum 25 (OH)D3 (ng/ml) and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations (pg/ml) were determined by competitive radioimmunoassay.ResultsMMSE scores and 25(OH)D3 were decreased in MCI and all stages of the AD in both genders. MMSE variability was due to gender in HS (11%) and to 25(OH)D3 in MCI (15%) and AD (26%). ROC analysis revealed an outstanding property of MMSE in diagnosis of MCI (AUC, 0.906; CI 95%, 0.847–0.965; sensitivity 82%; specificity, 98%) and AD (AUC, 0.997; CI 95%, 0.992–1; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 98%). 25(OH)D3 exhibited good property in MCI (AUC, 0.765; CI 95%, 0.681–0.849; sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 54%) and an excellent property in diagnosis of AD (AUC, 0.843; CI 95%, 0.782–0.904; sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 79%). Logistic analyses revealed that, in MCI, MMSE could predict (or classify correctly) with 97.6% accuracy (Wald, 15.22, β, −0.162; SE, 0.554; OR = 0.115:0.039–0.341; p = .0001), whereas 25(OH)D3 with 80% accuracy (Wald, 41,013; β, −0.213; SE, 0.033; OR = 0.808: 0.757–863; p = .0001). 25(OH)D3 was the only significant predictor for the severe AD and contributed to MMSE variability. Age and gender were significant predictors only in the moderate AD. In patients with MCI, 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were correlated men, but in case of the AD, they were correlated in women.ConclusionsMMSE and serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations could be useful biomarkers for prediction and diagnosis of MCI and various stages of the AD. The results support the utility of vitamin D supplementation in AD therapy regimen.
Developing a sustainable food strategy for large organizations: The importance of context in shaping procurement and consumption practices
Authors: Goggins Gary 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOrganizations such as hospitals, educational institutions and workplaces feed thousands of people every day and are key intermediaries in the food system. They are in a position to significantly shape the production, processing and distribution of food as well as food‐related practices of large groups. These activities have a significant impact on sustainable development, the global economy and health and wellbeing. Using a qualitative approach that draws on 21 interviews with key decision‐makers based in eight large national and multinational organizations, this research examines the most important contextual factors that influence food provisioning across organizations. The study identifies opportunities and constraints for improving food sustainability that are likely to apply within and across different organizational contexts, and provides recommendations for implementing a sustainable food strategy. The findings provide interesting theoretical insights and have practical implications that are relevant for practitioners, business managers and sustainability consultants.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Fluorescent Bryostatin Analogues
Authors: Cummins Thomas J. , Kedei Noemi , Czikora Agnes , Lewin Nancy E. , Kirk Sharon , Petersen Mark E. , McGowan Kevin M. , Chen Jin‐Qiu , Luo Xiaoling , Johnson Randall C. , Ravichandran Sarangan , Blumberg Peter M. , Keck Gary E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo investigate the cellular distribution of tumor‐promoting vs. non‐tumor‐promoting bryostatin analogues, we synthesized fluorescently labeled variants of two bryostatin derivatives that have previously shown either phorbol ester‐like or bryostatin‐like biological activity in U937 leukemia cells. These new fluorescent analogues both displayed high affinity for protein kinase C (PKC) binding and retained the basic properties of the parent unlabeled compounds in U937 assays. The fluorescent compounds showed similar patterns of intracellular distribution in cells, however; this argues against an existing hypothesis that various patterns of intracellular distribution are responsible for differences in biological activity. Upon further characterization, the fluorescent compounds revealed a slow rate of cellular uptake; correspondingly, they showed reduced activity for cellular responses that were only transient upon treatment with phorbol ester or bryostatin 1.