bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct progression pattern of susceptibility MRI in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's patients
Authors: Du Guangwei , Lewis Mechelle M. , Sica Christopher , He Lu , Connor James R. , Kong Lan , Mailman Richard B. , Huang Xuemei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground: Susceptibility MRI may capture Parkinson's disease‐related pathology. This study delineated longitudinal changes in different substantia nigra regions.Methods: Seventy‐two PD patients and 62 controls were studied at both baseline and after 18 months with MRI. R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping values from the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata were calculated. Mixed‐effects models compared controls with PD or PD subgroups having different disease durations: early (<1 year), middle (<5 years, middle‐stage PD), and late (>5 years, late‐stage PD). Pearson's correlation assessed associations between imaging and clinical measures.Results: At baseline, R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping were higher in both the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata in all PD patients (group effect, P ≤ 0.003). Longitudinally, the substantia nigra pars compacta R2* showed a faster increase in PD compared with controls (time × group, P = 0.002), whereas quantitative susceptibility mapping did not (P = 0.668). The substantia nigra pars reticulata R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping did not differ between PD and controls (time × group, P ≥ 0.084), although both decreased longitudinally (time effect, P ≤ 0.004). Baseline substantia nigra pars compacta R2* was higher in all PD subgroups (group, P ≤ 0.006), but showed a significantly faster increase only in later‐stage PD (time × group, P < 0.0001) that correlated with changes in nonmotor symptoms (r = 0.746, P = 0.002). Baseline substantia nigra pars reticulata quantitative susceptibility mapping was higher in middle‐stage PD and later‐stage PD (group, P ≤ 0.002), but showed a longitudinal decrease (time × group, P = 0.004) only in later‐stage PD that correlated with changes in motor signs (r = 0.837, P < 0.001).Conclusion: Susceptibility MRI revealed distinct patterns of PD progression in the substantia nigra pars compacta and substantia nigra pars reticulata. The different patterns are particularly clear in later‐stage patients. These findings may resolve past controversies and have implications in the pathophysiological processes during PD progression. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Neuromelanin imaging and midbrain volumetry in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Taniguchi Daisuke , Hatano Taku , Kamagata Koji , Okuzumi Ayami , Oji Yutaka , Mori Akio , Hori Masaaki , Aoki Shigeki , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Background Nigral degeneration patterns differ between PSP and PD. However, the relationship between nigral degeneration and midbrain atrophy in PSP remains unclear.
Objective We analyzed differences and relationships between nigral degeneration and midbrain atrophy in PSP and PD.
Methods Neuromelanin‐sensitive MRI and midbrain volumetry were performed in 11 PSP patients, 24 PD patients, and 10 controls to measure the neuromelanin‐sensitive SNpc area and midbrain volume.
Results The neuromelanin‐sensitive SNpc area and midbrain volume were significantly smaller in PSP patients compared with PD patients and controls. Motor deficits were inversely correlated with neuromelanin‐sensitive SNpc area in PD, but not PSP patients. There was no significant correlation between neuromelanin‐sensitive SNpc area and midbrain volume in either disease group. Midbrain volumetry discriminated PSP from PD. Diagnostic accuracy was improved when neuromelanin‐sensitive MRI analysis was added.
Conclusions Neuromelanin‐sensitive MRI and midbrain volumetry may reflect the clinical and pathological characteristics of PSP and PD. Combining neuromelanin‐sensitive MRI and midbrain volumetry may be useful for differentiating PSP from PD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Sleep‐related motor and behavioral disorders: Recent advances and new entities
Authors: Breen David P. , Högl Birgit , Fasano Alfonso , Trenkwalder Claudia , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTPatients with sleep‐related motor and behavioral disorders present to a variety of subspecialty clinics (neurology, sleep medicine, respiratory medicine, psychiatry). Diagnosing these disorders can be difficult, and sometimes they have a significant impact on quality of life. Alongside a number of common and well‐recognized conditions, several new disease entities have been described in recent years that present with abnormal nocturnal motor phenomena (such as ADCY5‐associated disease and anti‐IgLON5 disease). Our understanding of the neural basis and prognostic significance of other sleep‐related disorders has also grown, particularly rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. This review (along with a collection of previously unpublished videos) is intended to aid in the recognition and treatment of these patients. The recent change in terminology from nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy to sleep‐related hypermotor epilepsy is also discussed. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Susceptibility MRI captures nigral pathology in patients with parkinsonian syndromes
Authors: Lewis Mechelle M. , Du Guangwei , Baccon Jennifer , Snyder Amanda M. , Murie Ben , Cooper Felicia , Stetter Christy , Kong Lan , Sica Christopher , Mailman Richard B. , Connor James R. , Huang Xuemei 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: Parkinsonisms are neurodegenerative disorders characterized pathologically by α‐synuclein‐positive (e.g., PD, diffuse Lewy body disease, and MSA) and/or tau‐positive (e.g., PSP, cortical basal degeneration) pathology. Using R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping, susceptibility changes have been reported in the midbrain of living parkinsonian patients, although the exact underlying pathology of these alterations is unknown.Objective: The current study investigated the pathological correlates of these susceptibility MRI measures.Methods: In vivo MRIs (T1‐ and T2‐weighted, and T2*) and pathology were obtained from 14 subjects enrolled in an NINDS PD Biomarker Program (PDBP). We assessed R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping values in the SN, semiquantitative α‐synuclein, tau, and iron values, as well as neuronal and glial counts. Data were analyzed using age‐adjusted Spearman correlations.Results: R2* was associated significantly with nigral α‐synuclein (r = 0.746; P = 0.003). Quantitative susceptibility mapping correlated significantly with Perls' (r = 0.758; P = 0.003), but not with other pathological measurements. Neither measurement correlated with tau or glial cell counts (r ≤ 0.11; P ≥ 0.129).Conclusions: Susceptibility MRI measurements capture nigral pathologies associated with parkinsonian syndromes. Whereas quantitative susceptibility mapping is more sensitive to iron, R2* may reflect pathological aspects of the disorders beyond iron such as α‐synuclein. They may be invaluable tools in diagnosing differential parkinsonian syndromes, and tracking in living patients the dynamic changes associated with the pathological progression of these disorders. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Full sequencing and haplotype analysis of MAPT in Parkinson's disease and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Li Jiao , Ruskey Jennifer A. , Arnulf Isabelle , Dauvilliers Yves , Hu Michele T.M. , Högl Birgit , Leblond Claire S. , Zhou Sirui , Ambalavanan Amirthagowri , Ross Jay P. , Bourassa Cynthia V. , Spiegelman Dan , Laurent Sandra B , Stefani Ambra , Charley Monaca Christelle , Cochen De Cock Valérie , Boivin Michel , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Plazzi Giuseppe , Antelmi Elena , Young Peter , Heidbreder Anna , Labbe Catherine , Ferman Tanis J. , Dion Patrick A. , Fan Dongsheng , Desautels Alex , Gagnon Jean‐François , Dupré Nicolas , Fon Edward A. , Montplaisir Jacques Y. , Boeve Bradley F. , Postuma Ronald B. , Rouleau Guy A. , Ross Owen A. , Gan‐Or Ziv 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: MAPT haplotypes are associated with PD, but their association with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is unclear.Objective: To study the role of MAPT variants in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.Methods: Two cohorts were included: (A) PD (n = 600), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (n = 613) patients, and controls (n = 981); (B) dementia with Lewy bodies patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (n = 271) and controls (n = 950). MAPT‐associated variants and the entire coding sequence of MAPT were analyzed. Age‐, sex‐, and ethnicity‐adjusted analyses were performed to examine the association between MAPT, PD, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.Results: MAPT‐H2 variants were associated with PD (odds ratios: 0.62‐0.65; P = 0.010‐0.019), but not with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. In PD, the H1 haplotype odds ratio was 1.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.12‐2.28; P = 0.009), and the H2 odds ratio was 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.48‐0.96; P = 0.03). The H2/H1 haplotypes were not associated with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder.Conclusions: Our results confirm the protective effect of the MAPT‐H2 haplotype in PD, and define its components. Furthermore, our results suggest that MAPT does not play a major role in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, emphasizing different genetic background than in PD in this locus. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Design Strategy of Multi‐electron Transfer Catalysts Based on a Bioinformatic Analysis of Oxygen Evolution and Reduction Enzymes
Authors: Ooka Hideshi , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Nakamura Ryuhei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the design strategy of photosynthetic and respiratory enzymes is important to develop efficient artificial catalysts for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. Here, based on a bioinformatic analysis of cyanobacterial oxygen evolution and reduction enzymes (photosystem II: PS II and cytochrome c oxidase: COX, respectively), the gene encoding the catalytic D1 subunit of PS II was found to be expressed individually across 38 phylogenetically diverse strains, which is in contrast to the operon structure of the genes encoding major COX subunits. Selective synthesis of the D1 subunit minimizes the repair cost of PS II, which allows compensation for its instability by lowering the turnover number required to generate a net positive energy yield. The different bioenergetics observed between PS II and COX suggest that in addition to the catalytic activity rationalized by the Sabatier principle, stability factors have also provided a major influence on the design strategy of biological multi‐electron transfer enzymes.
Effect of Heat Processing on IgE Reactivity and Cross‐Reactivity of Tropomyosin and Other Allergens of Asia‐Pacific Mollusc Species: Identification of Novel Sydney Rock Oyster Tropomyosin Sac g 1
Authors: Rolland Jennifer M. , Varese Nirupama P. , Abramovitch Jodie B. , Anania Jessica , Nugraha Roni , Kamath Sandip , Hazard Anita , Lopata Andreas L. , O'Hehir Robyn E. 
Published: May 2018

ScopeShellfish allergy is an increasing global health priority, frequently affecting adults. Molluscs are an important shellfish group causing food allergy but knowledge of their allergens and cross‐reactivity is limited. Optimal diagnosis of mollusc allergy enabling accurate advice on food avoidance is difficult. Allergens of four frequently ingested Asia‐Pacific molluscs are characterized: Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), saucer scallop (Amusium balloti), and southern calamari (Sepioteuthis australis), examining cross‐reactivity between species and with blue swimmer crab tropomyosin, Por p 1.Methods and resultsIgE ELISA showed that cooking increased IgE reactivity of mollusc extracts and basophil activation confirmed biologically relevant IgE reactivity. Immunoblotting demonstrated strong IgE reactivity of several proteins including one corresponding to heat‐stable tropomyosin in all species (37–40 kDa). IgE‐reactive Sydney rock oyster proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, and the novel major oyster tropomyosin allergen was cloned, sequenced, and designated Sac g 1 by the IUIS. Oyster extracts showed highest IgE cross‐reactivity with other molluscs, while mussel cross‐reactivity was weakest. Inhibition immunoblotting demonstrated high cross‐reactivity between tropomyosins of mollusc and crustacean species.ConclusionThese findings inform novel approaches for reliable diagnosis and improved management of mollusc allergy.
Automated patient‐specific transperineal ultrasound probe setups for prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Camps Saskia Maria , Verhaegen Frank , Vanneste Ben G. L. , de With Peter H. N. , Fontanarosa Davide 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe use of ultrasound imaging is not widespread in prostate cancer radiotherapy workflows, despite several advantages (eg, allowing real‐time volumetric organ tracking). This can be partially attributed to the need for a trained operator during acquisition and interpretation of the images. We introduce and evaluate an algorithm that can propose a patient‐specific transperineal ultrasound probe setup, based on a CT scan and anatomical structure delineations. The use of this setup during the simulation and treatment stage could improve usability of ultrasound imaging for relatively untrained operators (radiotherapists with less than 1 yr experience with ultrasound).MethodsThe internal perineum boundaries of three prostate cancer patients were identified based on bone masks extracted from their CT scans. After projection of these boundaries to the skin and exclusion of specific areas, this resulted in a skin area accessible for transperineal ultrasound probe placement in clinical practice. Several possible probe setups on this area were proposed by the algorithm and the optimal setup was automatically selected. In the end, this optimal setup was evaluated based on a comparison with a corresponding transperineal ultrasound volume acquired by a radiation oncologist.ResultsThe algorithm‐proposed setups allowed visualization of 100% of the clinically required anatomical structures, including the whole prostate and seminal vesicles, as well as the adjacent edges of the bladder and rectum. In addition, these setups allowed visualization of 94% of the anatomical structures, which were also visualized by the physician during the acquisition of an actual ultrasound volume.ConclusionProvided that the ultrasound probe setup proposed by the algorithm, is properly reproduced on the patient, it allows visualization of all clinically required structures for image guided radiotherapy purposes. Future work should validate these results on a patient population and optimize the workflow to enable a relatively untrained operator to perform the procedure.
The reduction in treatment efficiency at high acoustic powers during MR‐guided transcranial focused ultrasound thalamotomy for Essential Tremor
Authors: Hughes Alec , Huang Yuexi , Schwartz Michael L. , Hynynen Kullervo 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo analyze clinical data indicating a reduction in the induced energy–temperature efficiency relationship during transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) Essential Tremor (ET) thalamotomy treatments at higher acoustic powers, establish its relationship with the spatial distribution of the focal temperature elevation, and explore its cause.MethodsA retrospective observational study of patients (n = 19) treated between July 2015 and August 2016 for (ET) by FUS thalamotomy was performed. These data were analyzed to compare the relationships between the applied power, the applied energy, the resultant peak temperature achieved in the brain, and the dispersion of the focal volume. Full ethics approval was received and all patients provided signed informed consent forms before the initiation of the study. Computer simulations, animal experiments, and clinical system tests were performed to determine the effects of skull heating, changes in brain properties and transducer acoustic output, respectively. All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee and conformed to the guidelines set out by the Canadian Council on Animal Care. MATLAB was used to perform statistical analysis.ResultsThe reduction in the energy efficiency relationship during treatment correlates with the increase in size of the focal volume at higher sonication powers. A linear relationship exists showing that a decrease in treatment efficiency correlates positively with an increase in the focal size over the course of treatment (P < 0.01), supporting the hypothesis of transient skull and tissue heating causing acoustic aberrations leading to a decrease in efficiency. Changes in thermal conductivity, perfusion, absorption rates in the brain, as well as ultrasound transducer acoustic output levels were found to have minimal effects on the observed reduction in efficiency.ConclusionsThe reduction in energy–temperature efficiency during high‐power FUS treatments correlated with observed increases in the size of the focal volume and is likely caused by transient changes in the tissue and skull during heating.
Hook Wound Longevity and Use as an Indicator of Largemouth Bass Catch-and-Release Angling Pressure
Authors: Fernholz Savannah , Sylvia Andrea , Weber Michael J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides (hereafter, “bass”) is a popular sport fish primarily targeted for catch-and-release angling. Hook wounds obtained during angling may provide a short-term mark that could provide an estimate of angling pressure. However, assessments of hook wound detection and longevity and the relationship between the proportion of bass with hook wounds and angler catches are needed before this mark can be validated. We conducted an experimental evaluation to determine the detectability and longevity of hook wounds in bass angled with two different lure types (single hook and crankbait) during May and July, 2015. Next, we evaluated the proportion of bass displaying hook wounds and the frequency of hook wounds in five mouth locations for 369 bass captured during 16 tournaments. Finally, we evaluated the relationship between the number of bass captured at tournaments and the proportion of bass with hook wounds captured by means of electrofishing to demonstrate the application of this technique in the assessment of angling pressure. Hook wounds were detected in 100% of experimentally angled bass on the day of capture. The lowest detection (73%) occurred on day 3, and wounds were detected in 91% of the bass on day 7. In May, 27% of hook wounds were healed (i.e., not detected for the remainder of the observation period) by day 6, whereas 12% of hook wounds were healed by day 6 in July. Hook wounds were detected in 84% of bass captured in tournaments and were evenly distributed among five mouth locations. Finally, the proportion of bass exhibiting hook wounds and captured by means of electrofishing between April and October ranged between 5% and 46% and was positively related to the number of bass weighed at the tournaments. Combined, our results indicate that hook wounds could represent a useful short-term method of marking for estimating angling pressure.
A novel protein‐based prognostic signature improves risk stratification to guide clinical management in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Martínez‐Terroba Elena , Behrens Carmen , de Miguel Fernando J , Agorreta Jackeline , Monsó Eduard , Millares Laura , Sainz Cristina , Mesa‐Guzman Miguel , Pérez‐Gracia José Luis , Lozano María Dolores , Zulueta Javier J , Pio Ruben , Wistuba Ignacio I , Montuenga Luis M , Pajares María J 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEach of the pathological stages (I–IIIa) of surgically resected non‐small‐cell lung cancer has hidden biological heterogeneity, manifested as heterogeneous outcomes within each stage. Thus, the finding of robust and precise molecular classifiers with which to assess individual patient risk is an unmet medical need. Here, we identified and validated the clinical utility of a new prognostic signature based on three proteins (BRCA1, QKI, and SLC2A1) to stratify early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma patients according to their risk of recurrence or death. Patients were staged according to the new International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) staging criteria (8th edition, 2018). A test cohort (n = 239) was used to assess the value of this new prognostic index (PI) based on the three proteins. The prognostic signature was developed by Cox regression with the use of stringent statistical criteria (TRIPOD: Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis). The model resulted in a highly significant predictor of 5‐year outcome for disease‐free survival (p < 0.001) and overall survival (p < 0.001). The prognostic ability of the model was externally validated in an independent multi‐institutional cohort of patients (n = 114, p = 0.021). We also demonstrated that this molecular classifier adds relevant information to the gold standard TNM‐based pathological staging, with a highly significant improvement of the likelihood ratio. We subsequently developed a combined PI including both the molecular and the pathological data that improved the risk stratification in both cohorts (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, the signature may help to select stage I–IIA patients who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. In summary, this protein‐based signature accurately identifies those patients with a high risk of recurrence and death, and adds further prognostic information to the TNM‐based clinical staging, even when the new IASLC 8th edition staging criteria are applied. More importantly, it may be a valuable tool for selecting patients for adjuvant therapy. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design, synthesis, and conformational studies of [DOTA]‐Octreotide analogs containing [1,2,3]triazolyl as a disulfide mimetic
Authors: Testa Chiara , D'Addona Debora , Scrima Mario , Tedeschi Anna Maria , D'Ursi Anna Maria , Bernhard Claire , Denat Franck , Bello Claudia , Rovero Paolo , Chorev Michael , Papini Anna Maria 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSomatostatin (SS) is a cyclic tetradecapeptide able to inhibit the release of growth hormone (GH) mainly through the binding to two G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes, SSTR2 and SSTR5. These receptors are overexpressed in approximately 90% of carcinoid tumors. However, the clinical use of somatostatin is limited by its short half‐life in vivo. In order to overcome this severe drawback, a huge number of analogs have been prepared, leading to the development of Octreotide, which is currently used in the clinic, among other applications, to treat various neuroendocrine tumors and, radiolabeled by, for example, 111In, 11C, and 68Ga, for imaging SS‐secreting tumors. Despite the success of Octreotide, there is an unmet need for the development of novel, more stable and selective Octreotide‐derived radiotherapeutics. To this end, the Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne 1,3‐dipolar Huisgen's cycloaddition, the prototypic click reaction, presents a promising opportunity to replace the susceptible disulfide bridge with a durable [1,2,3]triazolyl containing bridge and to introduce conformational constraints increasing specific receptor binding. Herein we report the design and synthesis of a series of i‐to‐i + 5 1,4‐ and 4,1‐disubstituted [1,2,3]triazolyl‐bridged cyclopeptides derived from the Octreotide scaffold and their detailed conformational analysis via NMR spectroscopy.