bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between birth weight and educational attainment: an individual-based pooled analysis of nine twin cohorts
Authors: Jelenkovic Aline , Mikkonen Janne , Martikainen Pekka , Latvala Antti , Yokoyama Yoshie , Sund Reijo , Vuoksimaa Eero , Rebato Esther , Sung Joohon , Kim Jina , Lee Jooyeon , Lee Sooji , Stazi Maria A , Fagnani Corrado , Brescianini Sonia , Derom Catherine A , Vlietinck Robert F , Loos Ruth J F , Krueger Robert F , McGue Matt , Pahlen Shandell , Nelson Tracy L , Whitfield Keith E , Brandt Ingunn , Nilsen Thomas S , Harris Jennifer R , Cutler Tessa L , Hopper John L , Tarnoki Adam D , Tarnoki David L , Sørensen Thorkild I A , Kaprio Jaakko , Silventoinen Karri 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThere is evidence that birth weight is positively associated with education, but it remains unclear whether this association is explained by familial environmental factors, genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birth weight and educational years within twin pairs, which controls for genetic factors and the environment shared between co-twins.MethodsThe data were derived from nine twin cohorts in eight countries including 6116 complete twin pairs. The association between birth weight and educational attainment was analysed both between individuals and within pairs using linear regression analyses.ResultsIn between-individual analyses, birth weight was not associated with educational years. Within-pairs analyses revealed positive but modest associations for some sex, zygosity and birth year groups. The greatest association was found in dizygotic (DZ) men (0.65 educational years/kg birth weight, p=0.006); smaller effects of 0.3 educational years/kg birth weight were found within monozygotic (MZ) twins of both sexes and opposite-sex DZ twins. The magnitude of the associations differed by birth year in MZ women and opposite-sex DZ twins, showing a positive association in the 1915–1959 birth cohort but no association in the 1960–1984 birth cohort.ConclusionAlthough associations are weak and somewhat inconsistent, our results suggest that intrauterine environment may play a role when explaining the association between birth weight and educational attainment.
Bedside risk score for prediction of acute kidney injury after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Zivkovic Nevena , Elbaz-Greener Gabby , Qiu Feng , Arbel Yaron , Cheema Asim N , Dvir Danny , Fefer Paul , Finkelstein Ariel , Fremes Stephen E , Radhakrishnan Sam , Rodés-Cabau Josep , Shuvy Mony , Wijeysundera Harindra C 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) complication associated with a poor prognosis. We sought to create a risk calculator using information that would be available during the work-up period.MethodsData were obtained from a multicentre TAVR registry (n=1993) with cases from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2015. We used logistic regression to create a risk calculator to predict AKI as defined by the Valve Academic Research Consortium Guidelines. We internally validated our risk calculator using bootstrapping, and evaluated model discrimination and calibration.ResultsA simple risk score was derived with six variables, including New York Heart Association functional classification class 4, non-femoral access site, valve-in-valve procedure, haemoglobin, creatinine clearance and weight in kilograms. The score was able to predict the absolute risk of AKI from 1% to 72%. The model showed good discrimination with c-statistic 0.713, with good agreement between predicted and observed AKI rates across quintiles of risk.ConclusionsThis is the first risk calculator to assess post-TAVR risk of AKI. We found that information known pre-procedurally can be used to predict AKI. This may allow for more informed decision-making as well as identifying high-risk patients.
Variations in institutional review board processes and consent requirements for trauma research: an EAST multicenter survey
Authors: Nahmias Jeffry , Grigorian Areg , Brakenridge Scott , Jawa Randeep S , Holena Daniel N , Agapian John Varujan , Bruns Brandon , Chestovich Paul J , Chung Bruce , Nguyen Jonathan , Schulman Carl I , Staudenmayer Kristan , Dixon Rachel , Smith Jason W , Bernard Andrew C , Pascual Jose L 
Published: May 2018

Oversight of human subject research has evolved considerably since its inception. However, previous studies identified a lack of consistency of institutional review board (IRB) determination for the type of review required and whether informed consent is necessary, especially for prospective observational studies, which pose minimal risk of harm. We hypothesized that there is significant inter-institution variation in IRB requirements for the type of review and necessity of informed consent, especially for prospective observational trials without blood/tissue utilization. We also sought to describe investigators’ and IRB members’ attitudes toward the type of review and need for consent. Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) and IRB members were sent an electronic survey on IRB review and informed consent requirement. We performed descriptive analyses as well as Fisher’s exact test to determine differences between EAST and IRB members’ responses. The response rate for EAST members from 113 institutions was 13.5%, whereas a convenience sample of IRB members from 14 institutions had a response rate of 64.4%. Requirement for full IRB review for retrospective studies using patient identifiers was reported by zero IRB member compared with 13.1% of EAST members (p=0.05). Regarding prospective observational trials without blood/tissue collection, 48.1% of EAST members reported their institutions required a full IRB review compared with 9.5% of IRB members (p=0.01). For prospective observational trials with blood/tissue collection, 80% of EAST members indicated requirement to submit a full IRB review compared with only 13.6% of IRB members (p<0.001). Most EAST members (78.6%) stated that informed consent is not ethically necessary in prospective observational trials without blood/tissue collection, whereas most IRB members thought that informed consent was ethically necessary (63.6%, p<0.001). There is significant variation in perception and practice regarding the level of review for prospective observational studies and whether informed consent is necessary. We recommend future interdisciplinary efforts between researchers and IRBs should occur to better standardize local IRB efforts.Level of evidenceIV.
Prostate-Derived Ets Factor (PDEF) Inhibits Metastasis by Inducing Epithelial/Luminal Phenotype in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Wang Fengtian , Koul Sweaty , Shanmugam Prakash S.T. , Dong Qin , Koul Hari K. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of prostate cancer morbidity and mortality. Our previous studies revealed that Sam pointed domain ETS transcription factor, a.k.a. prostate-derived ETS factor (SPDEF/PDEF), inhibits prostate cancer metastasis. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, using microarray and gene set enrichment analysis, we discovered that PDEF upregulated epithelial/luminal differentiation-related genes while it suppressed stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–related genes, especially Twist1. We also observed loss of PDEF and gain of Twist1 expression during prostate cancer progression in the TRAMP mouse model. Moreover, Twist1 knockdown resulted in upregulation of PDEF expression, suggesting a reciprocal regulation between PDEF and Twist1. Mechanistically, our ChIP-seq analysis revealed that PDEF directly regulated cytokeratin 18 (CK18) transcription through the GGAT motif within its putative promoter region. CK18 knockdown resulted in increased expression of Twist1, suggesting that PDEF regulated Twist1 in part via CK18. Our analysis of multiple clinical prostate cancer cohorts revealed an inverse relationship between PDEF expression and tumor grade, tumor metastasis, and poor patient survival. Furthermore, a two-gene signature of low PDEF and high Twist1 can better predict poor survival in prostate cancer patients than either gene alone. Collectively, our findings demonstrate PDEF inhibits prostate tumor progression, in part, by directly regulating transcription of CK18, and that PDEF/Twist1 expression could help distinguish between lethal and indolent prostate cancer.
Implications: This study reports the novel findings that PDEF suppresses Twist1 partly via CK18 and that PDEF/Twist1 could help distinguish between lethal and indolent prostate cancer.
Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/16/9/1430/F1.large.jpg. Mol Cancer Res; 16(9); 1430–40. ©2018 AACR.
Impact of Obesity and Ozone on the Association Between Particulate Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Mortality Among US Adults
Authors: Mazidi Mohsen , Speakman John R. 
Published: May 2018

Background

Cardiovascular diseases (
CVDs
) and stroke are the highest and third highest causes of death, respectively, in the whole United States. It is well established that both long‐ and short‐term exposure to particulate air pollution (particulate matter with diameters <2.5 μm [
PM
2.5
]) increases the risks of both
CVD
and stroke mortality.

Methods and Results

We combined county‐level data for
CVD
and stroke mortality, and prevalence of hypertension and obesity, with spatial patterns of
PM
2.5
and ozone in a cross‐sectional ecological study. We found significant positive associations between both
CVD
(β=15.4,
P
<0.001) and stroke (β=2.7,
P
<0.001) mortality with
PM
2.5
. Ozone had significant link with just
CVD
(β=1372.1,
P
<0.001). Once poverty, ethnicity, and education were taken into account, there were still significant positive associations between
PM
2.5
and both
CVD
(β=1.2,
P
<0.001) and stroke (β=1.1,
P
<0.001) mortality. Moreover, the association between
CVD
and ozone remained after adjustment for these factors (β=21.8,
P
<0.001).
PM
2.5
and ozone were independent risk factors. The impact of
PM
2.5
on
CVD
and stroke mortality was strongly dependent on the prevalence of obesity. Hypertension partially mediated the associations of
PM
2.5
and mortality from
CVD
and stroke.

Conclusions

There was a spatial association between
PM
2.5
exposure and the leading causes of death and disability in United States. The effect of
PM
2.5
was considerably greater in areas where obesity is more prevalent. Hypertension is a possible mediator of the association of
PM
2.5
and both
CVD
and stroke.
Risk Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation Based on Electrocardiographic Interatrial Block
Authors: Skov Morten W. , Ghouse Jonas , Kühl Jørgen T. , Platonov Pyotr G. , Graff Claus , Fuchs Andreas , Rasmussen Peter V. , Pietersen Adrian , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Hansen Steen M. , Olesen Morten S. , Haunsø Stig , Køber Lars , Gerds Thomas A. , Kofoed Klaus F. , Svendsen Jesper H. , Holst Anders G. , Nielsen Jonas B. 
Published: May 2018

Background

The electrocardiographic interatrial block (
IAB
) has been associated with atrial fibrillation (
AF
). We aimed to test whether
IAB
can improve risk prediction of
AF
for the individual person.

Methods and Results

Digital ECGs of 152 759 primary care patients aged 50 to 90 years were collected from 2001 to 2011. We identified individuals with P‐wave ≥120 ms and the presence of none, 1, 2, or 3 biphasic P‐waves in inferior leads. Data on comorbidity, medication, and outcomes were obtained from nationwide registries. We observed a dose‐response relationship between the number of biphasic P‐waves in inferior leads and the hazard of
AF
during follow‐up. Discrimination of the 10‐year outcome of
AF
, measured by time‐dependent area under the curve, was increased by 1.09% (95% confidence interval 0.43–1.74%) for individuals with cardiovascular disease at baseline (
CVD
) and 1.01% (95% confidence interval 0.40–1.62%) for individuals without
CVD
, when
IAB
was added to a conventional risk model for
AF
. The highest effect of
IAB
on the absolute risk of
AF
was observed in individuals aged 60 to 70 years with
CVD
. In this subgroup, the 10‐year risk of
AF
was 50% in those with advanced
IAB
compared with 10% in those with a normal P‐wave. In general, individuals with advanced
IAB
and no
CVD
had a higher risk of
AF
than patients with
CVD
and no
IAB
.

Conclusions

IAB
improves risk prediction of
AF
when added to a conventional risk model. Clinicians may consider monitoring patients with
IAB
more closely for the occurrence of
AF
, especially for high‐risk subgroups.
Trends in Healthcare Expenditures Among US Adults With Hypertension: National Estimates, 2003–2014
Authors: Kirkland Elizabeth B. , Heincelman Marc , Bishu Kinfe G. , Schumann Samuel O. , Schreiner Andrew , Axon R. Neal , Mauldin Patrick D. , Moran William P. 
Published: May 2018

Background

One in 3
US
adults has high blood pressure, or hypertension. As prior projections suggest hypertension is the costliest of all cardiovascular diseases, it is important to define the current state of healthcare expenditures related to hypertension.

Methods and Results
We used a nationally representative database, the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, to calculate the estimated annual healthcare expenditure for patients with hypertension and to measure trends in expenditure longitudinally over a 12‐year period. A 2‐part model was used to estimate adjusted incremental expenditures for individuals with hypertension versus those without hypertension. Sex, race/ethnicity, education, insurance status, census region, income, marital status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and year category were included as covariates. The 2003–2014 pooled data include a total sample of 224 920 adults, of whom 36.9% had hypertension. Unadjusted mean annual medical expenditure attributable to patients with hypertension was $9089. Relative to individuals without hypertension, individuals with hypertension had $1920 higher annual adjusted incremental expenditure, 2.5 times the inpatient cost, almost double the outpatient cost, and nearly triple the prescription medication expenditure. Based on the prevalence of hypertension in the United States, the estimated adjusted annual incremental cost is $131 billion per year higher for the hypertensive adult population compared with the nonhypertensive population.

Conclusions
Individuals with hypertension are estimated to face nearly $2000 higher annual healthcare expenditure compared with their nonhypertensive peers. This trend has been relatively stable over 12 years. Healthcare costs associated with hypertension account for about $131 billion. This warrants intense effort toward hypertension prevention and management.
Computational Stylometric Approach to the Dead Sea Scrolls
Authors: Van Hecke Pierre 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The question of how to classify the different texts of the Dead Sea Scrolls is a central issue in scholarship. There is little agreement or even little reflection, however, on the methodology with which these classifications should be made.
This article argues that recent developments in computational stylometry address these methodological issues and that the approach therefore constitutes a necessary addition to existing scholarship. The first section briefly introduces the recent developments in computational stylometry, while the second tests the feasibility of a stylometric approach for research on the Scrolls. Taking into account the particular challenges of the corpus, an exploratory methodology is described, and its first results are presented. In the third and final section, directions for future research in the field are articulated.
Reading Karl Barth in Indonesia: Retrospect and Prospect
Authors: Saragih Denni Boy 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper explores the reception of Karl Barth’s theology in Indonesia by engaging with select theologians who wrote introductions to his theology in the local language. It argues that Barth’s theology can contribute fruitfully to local conversations only if more patience and understanding are reflected in the theological engagement. However, this is not yet the case, as exemplified in several select theologians, who are introduced and assessed in a retrospective evaluation of local reception. Despite some hopeful recent developments, more serious engagements need to be done before his theology could meaningfully interact with local questions and insights. In prospect, the paper suggests several theological loci that are potentially insightful for future conversations.
Prevalence and correlates of major depression in Granada, Spain: Results from the GranadΣp study
Authors: Porras-Segovia Alejandro , Valmisa Eulalio , Gutiérrez Blanca , Ruiz Isabel , Rodríguez-Barranco Miguel , Cervilla Jorge 
Published: May 2018

Background: Major depression is one of the world’s leading causes of disability. Up-to-date information about the epidemiology of this disorder is key to health care planning. Aim: The aim of our study is to report prevalence and correlates of current major depressive disorder (MDD) in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. Methods: The GranadΣp is a cross-sectional study based on a community-dwelling adult population living in the province of Granada, Southern Spain. Community-dwelling adults aged 18–80 years ( n = 810) were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A variety of exposure assessments were also undertaken. Results: Point (2 weeks) prevalence of MDD in the Granada population was 5.6%. Positive family history of mental illness, high degree of neuroticism, high number of life threatening events (LTE), poor physical health status, cognitive impairment and cannabis use were independently associated with MDD in the multivariate regression model. Being female was also associated with MDD, but the significance disappeared after adjusting for neuroticism and physical health. Conclusion: Prevalence of MDD in the Granada population is higher than expected. The effects of the financial crisis could be partially accountable for this excess in prevalence. Six variables were found to be independently associated with MDD. Association between female sex and depression may be partially explained by the confounding effect of neuroticism.
Responsiveness of five measures of arm function in acute stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Vratsistas-Curto Angela , Sherrington Catherine , McCluskey Annie 
Published: May 2018

Objective: To determine the responsiveness of five arm function measures in people receiving acute inpatient stroke rehabilitation. Design: Inception cohort study. Setting: Comprehensive stroke unit providing early rehabilitation. Subjects: A total of 64 consecutively admitted stroke survivors with moderately severe disability (Modified Rankin Scale score median (interquartile range (IQR)): 4.0 (1.0)). Main measures: Responsiveness was analyzed by calculating effect size, standardized response mean and median-based effect size. Floor/ceiling effects were calculated as the percentage of participants scoring the lowest/highest possible scores. Results: Average length of stay and number of therapy days were 34 (SD = 27.9) and 12 (SD = 13.1), respectively. Box and Block Test and Functional Independence Measure–Self-Care showed the highest responsiveness with values in the moderate–large range (effect size = 1.09, standardized response mean = 1.07 and median-based effect size = 0.76; effect size = 0.94, standardized response mean = 1.04 and median-based effect size = 1.0). Responsiveness of Action Research Arm Test and Upper Limb–Motor Assessment Scale were moderate (effect size = 0.58, standardized response mean = 0.69 and median-based effect size = 0.59; effect size = 0.62, standardized response mean = 0.75 and median-based effect size = 0.67). For Manual Muscle Test, responsiveness was in the small–moderate range (effect size = 0.42, standardized response mean = 0.59 and median-based effect size = 0.5). Box and Block Test showed the largest floor effect on admission (28%), and Action Research Arm Test and Manual Muscle Test showed the largest ceiling effect on discharge (31%). Conclusion: These five measures varied in their ability to detect change with responsiveness ranging from the small to large range. Box and Block Test and Functional Independence Measure–Self-Care showed a greater ability to detect change; both demonstrated moderate–large responsiveness.
Effectiveness of mobilization with movement (Mulligan concept techniques) on low back pain: a systematic review
Authors: Pourahmadi Mohammad Reza , Mohsenifar Holakoo , Dariush Mozhdeh , Aftabi Amirreza , Amiri Ali 
Published: May 2018

Objective: To evaluate evidence on the effectiveness of Mulligan techniques on low back pain. Data sources: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Ovid, CINAHL, Embase, PEDro, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to 31 March 2018 for randomized clinical trials reporting outcomes of pain or disability in adult patients (⩾18 years) with low back pain. Review methods: Two authors screened the results and extracted data for use in this review. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane criteria. Basic information and treatment protocols were also extracted. In addition, the level of evidence of each study and strength of conclusion for pain and disability were determined. Results: A total of 20 studies with 693 patients were included. Nine trials focused on sustained natural apophyseal glide, three on spinal mobilization with limb movement and seven on bent leg raise. The results showed that Mulligan techniques can decrease pain and disability and increase range of motion in patients with low back pain; however, the strength of conclusion for pain and disability was moderate. Furthermore, inconclusive results were observed for the effectiveness of Mulligan techniques on movement speed. In this review, eight studies were categorized as low risk of bias, while 12 studies had high risk of bias. Level of evidence analysis revealed that 17 studies were classified as level of evidence B, while three studies were classified as level of evidence A2. Conclusion: Current evidence is insufficient in supporting the benefits of Mulligan techniques on pain, disability, and range of motion in low back pain patients.