bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar radiation and ENSO predict fruiting phenology patterns in a 15‐year record from Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Chapman Colin A. , Valenta Kim , Bonnell Tyler R. , Brown Kevin A. , Chapman Lauren J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFruiting, flowering, and leaf set patterns influence many aspects of tropical forest communities, but there are few long‐term studies examining potential drivers of these patterns, particularly in Africa. We evaluated a 15‐year dataset of tree phenology in Kibale National Park, Uganda, to identify abiotic predictors of fruit phenological patterns and discuss our findings in light of climate change. We quantified fruiting for 326 trees from 43 species and evaluated these patterns in relation to solar radiance, rainfall, and monthly temperature. We used time‐lagged variables based on seasonality in linear regression models to assess the effect of abiotic variables on the proportion of fruiting trees. Annual fruiting varied over 3.8‐fold, and inter‐annual variation in fruiting is associated with the extent of fruiting in the peak period, not variation in time of fruit set. While temperature and rainfall showed positive effects on fruiting, solar radiance in the two‐year period encompassing a given year and the previous year was the strongest predictor of fruiting. As solar irradiance was the strongest predictor of fruiting, the projected increase in rainfall associated with climate change, and coincident increase in cloud cover suggest that climate change will lead to a decrease in fruiting. ENSO in the prior 24‐month period was also significantly associated with annual ripe fruit production, and ENSO is also affected by climate change. Predicting changes in phenology demands understanding inter‐annual variation in fruit dynamics in light of potential abiotic drivers, patterns that will only emerge with long‐term data.
Explaining the Unpredictable: The Development of Causal Theories of Mind in Deaf and Hearing Children
Authors: Peterson Candida C. , Wellman Henry M. 
Published: May 2018

Two studies of 100 children aged 3–12 years examined theory of mind (ToM) understanding via explanations and predictions in hearing preschoolers and ToM‐delayed deaf children. Study 1's 75 children (31 deaf; 44 hearing) displayed an “explanation advantage,” devising valid epistemic ToM explanations despite failing simpler forced‐choice false‐belief (FB) prediction tests. This novel discovery for deaf children extended to unexpectedly frequent cognitive (“think” or “know”) explanations. Study 2 (with 25 additional deaf children; Mage = 9) showed that microgenetic FB explanation practice resulted in significant gains on FB prediction posttests that were absent in a non‐ToM control group. Implications for (a) explanation's interconnection with conceptual development, (b) designing ToM interventions, and (c) teaching deaf and hearing children are discussed.
Simplified 4‐item criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: A bridge too far?
Authors: Indran Inthrani R. , Huang Zhongwei , Khin Lay Wai , Chan Jerry K.Y. , Viardot‐Foucault Veronique , Yong Eu Leong 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectivesAlthough the Rotterdam 2003 polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) diagnostic criteria is widely used, the need to consider multiple variables makes it unwieldy in clinical practice. We propose a simplified PCOS criteria wherein diagnosis is made if two of the following three items were present: (i) oligomenorrhoea, (ii) anti‐mullerian hormone (AMH) above threshold and/or (iii) hyperandrogenism defined as either testosterone above threshold and/or the presence of hirsutism.Design setting and participantsThis prospective cross‐sectional study consists of healthy women (n = 157) recruited at an annual hospital health screen for staff and volunteers from the university community, and a patient cohort (n = 174) comprising women referred for suspected PCOS.Main outcome measuresWe used the healthy cohort to establish threshold values for serum testosterone, antral follicle counts (AFC), ovarian volume (OV) and AMH. Women from the patient cohort, classified as PCOS by simplified PCOS criteria, AMH alone and Rotterdam 2003, were compared with respect to prevalence of oligomenorrhoea, hyperandrogenism and metabolic indices.ResultsIn healthy women, testosterone ≥1.89 nmol/L, AFC ≥22 follicles and OV ≥8.44 mL, best predicted oligomenorrhoea and were used as threshold values for PCOS criteria. An AMH level ≥37.0 pmol/L best predicted polycystic ovarian morphology. AMH alone as a single biomarker demonstrated poor specificity (58.9%) for PCOS compared to Rotterdam 2003. In contrast, there was a 94% overlap in women selected as PCOS by the simplified PCOS criteria and Rotterdam 2003. The population characteristics of these two groups of PCOS women showed no significant mean differences in androgenic, ovarian, AMH and metabolic (BMI, HOMA‐IR) variables.ConclusionsOur data recommend the simplified PCOS criteria with population‐specific thresholds for diagnosis of PCOS. Its ability to replace ovarian ultrasound biometry with the highly correlated variable AMH, and use of testosterone as a single marker for hyperandrogenaemia alongside the key symptoms of oligomenorrhoea and hirsutism confers significant clinical potential for the diagnosis of PCOS.
Session 2: Mutational discordance: the big challenge in personalized treatments – any solutions?
Authors: Siddiqui M. , Chand M. , Eng C. , Mehdizadeh A. , Mirnezami A. , Brown G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe great challenge for oncologists treating patients who are developing or progressing with metastatic disease is to be able to offer a truly personalized and targeted therapy that can have an early and meaningful effect on the course of the disease. At present the known molecular markers are limited in their frequency and reliability in determining the use of newer chemotherapies. Professor Eng discusses the challenges faced in ensuring timely and effective treatments based on the molecular profile of the tumour and the potential role of real‐time analysis of mutational changes in the tumour when progression occurs.
Session 3: Many ways to organ preserve the rectum but which is correct?
Authors: Read J. , Tekkis P. , Rullier E. , Nicholls J. , Mortensen N. , Marks J. , Steele R. J. C. , Brown G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFrom the patient's perspective, cancer cure with full preservation of function is a crucial goal. There are many advances that have emerged which may make this possible in a greater proportion of patients without compromising oncological outcomes. Professor Tekkis reviews the options and evidence to date for ‘organ preservation’ and the expert panel discuss the implications for current and future patient care.
Session 4: Shaping radiotherapy for rectal cancer: should this be personalized?
Authors: Dattani M. , Marijnen C. , Moran B. , Tait D. , Cunningham C. , Rodriguez‐Bigas M. , Brown G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPreoperative radiotherapy continues to be widely used in patients with operable rectal cancer. However, the indications and goals for such treatment are evolving. Professor Marijnen reviews the historic and current evidence base for the use of preoperative neoadjuvant radiotherapy and the future challenges in tailoring the therapy according to the patients’ needs and tumour stage.
Session 4: What should we do for poor responders after chemoradiotherapy: bad biology or should the fight go on?
Authors: Bhoday J. , Glimelius B. , Tait D. , Glynne‐Jones R. , Adams R. , Brown G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractJust over 50% of patients with advanced rectal cancer have a poor response to chemoradiotherapy with resultant poor outcomes. Professor Glimelius reviews the evidence base for defining such patients and the potential role, if any, of further treatment.
Session 4: Trying to augment response with chemotherapy: a triumph of hope over experience?
Authors: Battersby N. J. , Perez R. O. , Baxter N. , Moran B. , Brown G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs part of an approach to improve tumour regression and increase the proportion of patients with complete clinical and radiological response, Dr Perez reviews the methods and evidence base for augmenting therapy and thus augmenting response rates preoperatively. Much of the data reviewed were in the context of patients undergoing a watch‐and‐wait approach for rectal cancer after initial treatment with chemoradiotherapy.
Are Words Easier to Learn From Infant‐ Than Adult‐Directed Speech? A Quantitative Corpus‐Based Investigation
Authors: Guevara‐Rukoz Adriana , Cristia Alejandrina , Ludusan Bogdan , Thiollière Roland , Martin Andrew , Mazuka Reiko , Dupoux Emmanuel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe investigate whether infant‐directed speech (IDS) could facilitate word form learning when compared to adult‐directed speech (ADS). To study this, we examine the distribution of word forms at two levels, acoustic and phonological, using a large database of spontaneous speech in Japanese. At the acoustic level we show that, as has been documented before for phonemes, the realizations of words are more variable and less discriminable inIDSthan inADS. At the phonological level, we find an effect in the opposite direction: TheIDSlexicon contains more distinctive words (such as onomatopoeias) than theADScounterpart. Combining the acoustic and phonological metrics together in a global discriminability score reveals that the bigger separation of lexical categories in the phonological space does not compensate for the opposite effect observed at the acoustic level. As a result,IDSword forms are still globally less discriminable thanADSword forms, even though the effect is numerically small. We discuss the implication of these findings for the view that the functional role ofIDSis to improve language learnability.
A new, highly potent 1,8‐naphthalimide‐based fluorescence turn‐off chemosensor capable of detecting Cu(II) ions in real‐world water samples
Authors: Li Chuang , Han Xintong , Mao Shanshan , Aderinto Stephen Opeyemi , Shi Xinkui , Shen Kesheng , Wu Huilu 
Published: May 2018

The synthesis of a new 1,8‐naphthalimide‐based fluorescence turn‐off chemosensor for the effective detection of Cu(II) ions is reported. The chemosensor MAST was characterised by mp, Fourier Transform‐infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis), fluorescence, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. After treatment with Cu(II) ions in coexistence with various competitive metal ions in a dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)/4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulphonic acid (HEPES) buffer solution (v/v, 1:1; pH 7.4), the chemosensor demonstrated high selectivity towards Cu(II) ions and a fluorescence quenching of 83.67% was observed. In addition, a good linear response for the chemosensor detecting Cu(II) ions was obtained over the concentration range 0.2–1 μm. The combined results of UV‐vis and fluorescence titrations with the Job plot yielded a 1:1 stoichiometric interaction of the chemosensor with Cu(II) ions. The association constant and detection limit were calculated as 1.37 x 106 m−1 and 1.69 x 10−8 m, respectively. Based on results, the quenching response of MAST towards Cu(II) ions could be ascribed to the reverse‐photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. Finally, the proposed chemosensor was applied to quantify Cu(II) ions in real‐world water samples and excellent recovery rates of 98–105.8% were obtained.
Comparison of metabolic responses to the mixed meal tolerance test vs the oral glucose tolerance test after successful clinical islet transplantation
Authors: Forbes Shareen , Lam Anna , Koh Angela , Imes Sharleen , Dinyari Parastoo , Malcolm Andrew J. , Shapiro A. M. James , Senior Peter A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFollowing islet transplantation, mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTs) are routinely utilized to assess graft function, but how the 90‐minute MMTT glucose value relates to a 120‐minute glucose concentration of ≥11.1 mmol/L used to diagnose diabetes following a standardized 75 g‐OGTT, is not known. We examined this relationship further. Thirteen subjects with Type 1 diabetes and stable transplant grafts, not on exogenous insulin with HbA1c < 7% (53 mmol/mol), were studied on 17 occasions with paired OGTTs and MMTTs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to derive the 90‐minute MMTT glucose threshold associated with a 120‐minute glucose concentration following a 75 g‐OGTT (OGTT120) ≥11.1 mmol/L and their diagnostic accuracy. Studies with OGTT120 ≥11.1 mmol/L (n = 5) had diminished C‐peptide: glucose, greater integrated glucose and diminished insulin: glucose area under the curve (AUC) ratios (0‐120 minutes) and disposition indices; all P < .05, contrasting with MMTTs where no difference in the 90‐minute glucose concentrations, C‐peptide:glucose, integrated glucose, C‐peptide and C‐peptide: glucose AUCs (0‐90 minutes) was seen; all P > .05. A 90‐minute MMTT glucose concentration ≥8.0 mmol/L demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of ≥80% for the diagnosis of OGTT120 ≥11.1 mmol/L; area under ROC curve (mean ± SEM) 73 ± 13%. A 90‐minute MMTT glucose ≥8.0 mmol/L, identifies islet transplant recipients who may require closer monitoring for graft dysfunction.
Outcomes of antiviral treatment in hepatitis C virus liver transplant patients off immunosuppression in the direct acting antivirals era: A case series
Authors: Campos‐Varela Isabel , Agudelo Eliana Z. , Terrault Norah A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundClearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) under antiviral therapy, including direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs), has been associated with higher risk of rejection. Whether patients who are not on immunosuppression (IS) during DAA therapy are at higher risk of rejection is unknown.MethodsFour transplant recipients who were off IS and treated with DAA therapy were identified.ResultsAll patients were genotype 1 infection and treated for 12 weeks with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir/ribavirin. At the time of DAA therapy, patients were off IS for a median of 9.5 years. Time from liver transplant (LT) to treatment was 12.9 years. Median baseline ALT was 70 IU/L, at follow‐up week 12 was 18 IU/L. No signs of rejection were observed during DAA therapy or follow‐up after the end of therapy. All 4 patients obtained sustained virological response.ConclusionDirect‐acting antivirals therapy in HCV patients off IS post‐LT can be successfully undertaken without the need to restart IS.
Instrument Development and Validation for Conservation Learning: A Tool for More Rigorous Research and Evaluation
Authors: Mast Fran , Zhao Lei , Maldonado Lindsay 
Published: May 2018

AbstractModern zoos and aquariums position themselves as sites of conservation learning experiences. With a mantle of economic and public accountability, zoos and aquariums need to understand and promote conservation learning and its related components. While a great deal is known about conservation learning generally, less is known about how visitor experiences in zoos and aquariums impact conservation learning during a visit. This article outlines the need for more rigorous measurement tools for conservation learning in informal learning settings and provides an overview of Shedd Aquarium's work to validate an instrument that reliably and accurately measures aspects of conservation learning in the context of zoo experiences. Initial trends and limitations associated with this validated tool are described. An overview of future research is outlined as are implications for future use of this tool by practitioners and researchers.
872. COCHEMIEA PONDII subsp. MARITIMA
Authors: Hind Nicholas 
Published: May 2018

SummaryCochemiea pondii subsp. maritima is illustrated, the species and all three subspecies described, each provided with a full synonymy, statements on distribution, habitat and ecology, etymology, phenology, and conservation status. A commentary is given on the re‐acceptance of Cochemiea, separated from Mammillaria. Cultivation notes are provided; the species, and in particular subspecies maritima, is far from common in cultivation and not widely available. The discussion covers aspects of recognition of the subspecies, type collections, related taxa, and comments on the addition of several more species to the genus by Doweld.
874. SALVIA MACROPHYLLA
Authors: Wood John R.I. 
Published: May 2018

SummarySalvia macrophylla Benth. from the Andes of South America is described and illustrated. Information is provided about the life of the almost forgotten collector Andrew Mathews, who discovered the plant in 1833. It is placed within both traditional and newer infrageneric classifications of American Salvia and a key to distinguish it from similar species is provided. Current concepts of the genus Salvia are briefly discussed. S. macrophylla is commonly grown in the northern hemisphere and cultivation methods, horticultural varieties and hybrids with S. sagittata are described.
Beyond the Humanism/Posthumanism Debate: The Educational Implications of Said's Critical, Humane Praxis
Authors: Chatelier Stephen 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe late Edward Said sought to place critique and, indeed, self‐critique at the heart of humanism. While the posthuman critiques surrounding the (im)possibility of humanism in postmodern times tend to focus on human autonomy, rationality, and essentialism, Stephen Chatelier here explores the idea that Said's writing on humanism could help us shift the focus from issues of ontology towards those of practice. Such a move, he argues, prioritizes the ethico‐political aspect of human engagement. Rather than making an attempt to defend Enlightenment or Eurocentric forms of humanism, Chatelier probes two distinct possibilities that arise from Said's democratic humanism. First, he considers to what extent a construction of humanism as practice can enable us to see critical posthumanism as a form of Saidian humanism. Second, he explores how (post)humanist discourse might continue to be of use in precipitating thinking among educators about ethico‐political imperatives of education in an era shaped by complex cultural and political relations and a dominant neoliberal rationality.
Use of newer antiepileptic drugs and prognosis in adults with status epilepticus: Comparison between 2009 and 2017
Authors: Fatuzzo Daniela , Novy Jan , Rossetti Andrea O. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIt is unclear whether the outcome of status epilepticus (SE), a neurological emergency associated with high mortality and morbidity, has changed over the past decade. We investigated the difference in prognosis (mortality, functional status at discharge) after adult SE episodes in a large registry between 2 time points (the years 2009 and 2017), exploring factors potentially associated with outcome, with particular attention to use of newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Newer AEDs were more often prescribed in SE episodes in 2017 (80.2% vs 38.5%, P < .001); this independently correlated with year of observation, SE refractoriness, nonconvulsive SE forms, and number of AEDs. We observed a higher proportion of deterioration from baseline conditions in 2017 (67.7% vs 42.3%, P < .001), which was independently associated with, among other variables, use of newer AEDs (odds ratio = 2.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.13‐7.48), whereas mortality seemed more stable over time (16.1% vs 6.3%, P = .08) without any relationship with newer AEDs. These observations suggest that newer AEDs might affect functional status but not mortality. Further investigations are necessary to improve therapeutic strategies, which currently rely on weak evidence.
Improving reliability of species identification and logbook catch reporting by commercial fishers in an Australian demersal shark longline fishery
Authors: Macbeth W. G. , Butcher P. A. , Collins D. , McGrath S. P. , Provost S. C. , Bowling A. C. , Geraghty P. T. , Peddemors V. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLarge adult carcharhinid and sphyrnid sharks have been targeted in coastal waters off New South Wales, eastern Australia, by commercial fishers using demersal longlines since 2005. Inaccurate fisher reporting of the composition of catches led in 2008 to a range of complementary management measures to help improve reliability, including a redesigned catch logbook, species identification guide and at‐sea education via an observer programme. This study provides results from assessments of the effectiveness of those measures. A questionnaire yielded overwhelmingly positive feedback from fishers regarding the usefulness of the species identification guide. Comparison of observer‐recorded data and corresponding fisher‐reported logbook data via weighted linear mixed‐effects modelling found that since 2008, misreporting of catches has varied considerably among species and, for some species, among fishers. With some species commonly under‐reported and others frequently over‐reported, it is apparent that certain species were likely mistaken for other morphologically similar species. Such systematic error inherently undermines stock assessments of these vulnerable species. Management strategies designed to include education and extension will ensure greater reliability of fisher reporting of shark catches in the future.
Trait‐related variation in the reproductive characteristics of female pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)
Authors: Olin M. , Vainikka A. , Roikonen T. , Ruuhijärvi J. , Huuskonen H. , Kotakorpi M. , Vesala S. , Ala‐Opas P. , Tiainen J. , Nurminen L. , Lehtonen H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMaternal characteristics typically affect the recruitment of an exploited fish population. The size and age at maturity, as well as the effects of maternal traits on relative fecundity and egg dry weight, were studied in six exploited pikeperch populations in Finnish lakes. The among‐lake variation in the maternal characteristics was substantial. The estimated total length at maturity (L10, L50, L90) varied between 318–444, 403–423 and 444–527 mm, respectively, largely depending on the average growth rate and body condition of pikeperch. The estimated L50 was generally close to the recently imposed national minimum size limit (42 cm). The estimated age at maturity (A50) ranged from 4.2 to 6.9 year. Both relative fecundity and egg dry weight significantly increased with female size and age, indicating size‐ and age‐dependent maternal effects on egg characteristics and quantity, and emphasising the importance of large individuals for reproduction. The observed among‐population differences in the size‐dependent maternal influences highlight the need for stock‐specific management of pikeperch fisheries. The conservation of large females should be promoted to increase recruitment and reduce its variability.