bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of extended care based on Internet and home care platform for orthopaedics after hip replacement surgery in China
Authors: Wang Jie , Tong Yahui , Jiang Yingqing , Zhu Hongxia , Gao Hui , Wei Rong , Que Xianfeng , Gao Luoluo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo evaluate the effect of an Internet‐based home orthopaedic care platform on patients’ functional joint recovery, quality of life and activities of daily living after hip replacement.BackgroundMost of the functional exercises after arthroplasty are performed outside the hospital. At present, the WeChat platform is used mainly in the inland of China for continuous nursing of patients with chronic disease in the Department of Orthopedics.DesignAn experimental design was applied.MethodsFour hundred patients who had undergone hip replacement from April to October 2016 were selected from 18 hospitals with nurse specialists in clinical orthopaedics. These patients were randomised into control and intervention groups (n = 200 per group). In the control group, only routine nursing care was carried out after discharge. In the intervention group, continuous intervention was performed via the Internet‐based orthopaedic care platform. The patients in the two groups were compared in terms of functional recovery (Harris hip score), quality‐of‐life score (MOS SF‐36) and activities of daily living (Barthel index) at 3 and 6 months after discharge.ResultsIn total, 389 patients were enrolled in this study. There were no significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups. After 6 months of continuous intervention, the mean MOS SF‐36 score, Barthel index and Harris hip score in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group.ConclusionThe study gives full play to the role of clinical nurse specialists and provides professional home care services to patients in the region after hip replacement through home care orthopaedic platform. The platform guides the patients to master the correct disease knowledge and rehabilitation exercise methods, promotes the recovery of joint function, improves the activity of daily living, elevates the quality of life and meets the need of long‐term management.Relevance to clinical practiceInternet and home care orthopaedic platform is a nursing system designed specifically for extended care management outside of the hospital, which is helpful for patients who undergone hip replacement to obtain effective home care services after discharge, improving patients’ quality of life and rehabilitation efficacy.
Patient satisfaction with occlusal scheme of conventional complete dentures: A randomised clinical trial (Part II)
Authors: Moradpoor H. , Salari F. , Ebadian B. , Raissi S. , Shirani M. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe occlusion of choice is a controversial topic in conventional complete denture (CCD) treatment. This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction with CCD with partially group‐function occlusion (PGFO), fully bilateral balanced occlusion (FBBO), buccalised occlusion (BO), lingualised occlusion (LO) and the entire balanced group. Participants received new CCDs with PGFO. All steps of patient enrolment, denture fabrication, assessments during the follow‐up period and data collection were carried out exactly the same as part 1 of this research project. All patients were recalled at 1 and 3 months after delivery for data collection using the shortened version of oral health impact profile for edentulous patients (OHIP‐EDENT) questionnaire and 7 visual analog scales (VASs) for the quality of CCD based on general patient satisfaction, masticatory function, ability to speak, comfort, stability, retention and aesthetics. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, the Kruskal‐Wallis test and Mann‐Whitney test via SPSS version 18.0 (α = 0.05). Thirty participants completed the follow‐up period for PGFO group. The mean age ± standard deviation of the new participants was 57.97 ± 6.93 years. Participants reported significantly less satisfaction in terms of comfort, stability and retention of denture with PGFO compared to balanced groups. Also, using OHIP‐EDENT questionnaire, significantly higher physical pain score was noted for PGFO group compared to BO and LO. Higher physical disability score was noted in PGFO compared to LO. Participants receiving CCDs with PGFO reported lower satisfaction in terms of comfort, stability and retention of denture and higher physical pain and physical disability than the balanced occlusal schemes.
The Price of Charity: Christian Love and Financial Anxieties
Authors: Capener Sean 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLove and money, according to the intuitive logic of Christian political theology, stand in opposition to each other. Where economic relations obtain, relations of love are understood to be absent or distorted. The opposition between the two has led social theorists and political theologians—including John Milbank, Kathryn Tanner, and Daniel M. Bell—to understand Christian love as a reservoir of opposition to the politics of contemporary financialized capital. This opposition, however, ignores the complex interrelationship that has characterized Christian thought about love and money. Love and money—and their apparent competitive relationship—have been understood throughout the history of Christian thought on the basis of a relationship both maintain to the notion of indebtedness. This paper argues that any apparent tension between Christian theological caritas and oikonomia must to be contextualized in terms of a shared relationship between both of these concepts and the organization and administration of relations of debt and obligation.
On Debt and Redemption: Friedrich Nietzsche's Doctrine of Eternal Recurrence
Authors: Allen Gillespie Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this essay, I argue that the notion of monetary debt does not displace but merely conceals our deeper, ontological debt to the sources of our being and way of life. I suggest that first Christianity and then modern science attempted to find a means of redemption that could free us from debt, but that both were unable to reconcile the ideas of freedom and indebtedness. I then examine the way in which Friedrich Nietzsche tried to resolve the apparent contradiction of our debt to the past and our freedom to shape the future by developing a new form of redemption rooted in his doctrine of the eternal recurrence.
Toward a Systematic Approach to the Economic Effects of Risk: Characterizing Utility Functions
Authors: Gollier Christian , Kimball Miles S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe diffidence theorem, together with complementary tools, can aid in illuminating a broad set of questions about how to mathematically characterize the set of utility functions with specified economic properties. This article establishes the technique and illustrates its application to many questions, old and new. For example, among many other older and other technically more difficult results, it is shown that (1) several implications of globally greater risk aversion depend on distinct mathematical properties when the initial wealth level is known, (2) whether opening up a new asset market increases or decreases saving depends on whether the reciprocal of marginal utility is concave or convex, and (3) whether opening up a new asset market raises or lowers risk aversion toward small independent risks depends on whether absolute risk aversion is convex or concave.
Flavonoids inhibit both rice and sheep serotonin N‐acetyltransferases and reduce melatonin levels in plants
Authors: Lee Kyungjin , Hwang Ok Jin , Reiter Russel J. , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe plant melatonin biosynthetic pathway has been well characterized, but inhibitors of melatonin synthesis have not been well studied. Here, we found that flavonoids potently inhibited plant melatonin synthesis. For example, flavonoids including morin and myricetin significantly inhibited purified, recombinant sheep serotonin N‐acetyltransferase (SNAT). Flavonoids also dose‐dependently and potently inhibited purified rice SNAT1 and SNAT2. Thus, myricetin (100 μmol/L) reduced rice SNAT1 and SNAT2 activity 7‐ and 10‐fold, respectively, and also strongly inhibited the N‐acetylserotonin methyltransferase activity of purified, recombinant rice caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase. To explore the in vivo effects, rice leaves were treated with flavonoids and then cadmium. Flavonoid‐treated leaves had lower melatonin levels than the untreated control. To explore the direct roles of flavonoids in melatonin biosynthesis, we first functionally characterized a putative rice flavonol synthase (FLS) in vitro and generated flavonoid‐rich transgenic rice plants that overexpressed FLS. Such plants produced more flavonoids but less melatonin than the wild‐type, which suggests that flavonoids indeed inhibit plant melatonin biosynthesis.
Sedentary behaviour and sleep problems among 42,489 community‐dwelling adults in six low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Stubbs Brendon , Firth Joseph , Hagemann Noemi , Myin‐Germeys Inez , Rintala Aki , Probst Michel , Veronese Nicola , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThere is a lack of multinational research investigating the association between sleep problems and sedentary behaviour. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the time spent sedentary during waking hours and sleep problems in six low‐ and middle‐income countries. Cross‐sectional, community‐based data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health survey were analysed. Adjusted logistic regression analyses were undertaken to explore the relationship between self‐reported sleep problems (such as difficulties falling asleep, waking up frequently during the night or waking up too early in the morning) in the last 30 days and self‐reported sedentary time (categorized as <4, 4 to <8, 8 to <11 or ≥11 hr/day). Among 42,489 individuals aged ≥18 years (mean age=43.8 ± 14.4 years; 50.1% women), those who were sedentary for 8 to <11 hr/day (n = 2,782) and ≥11 hr/day (n = 674) had a 1.61 (95% confidence interval =1.03–2.50) and 1.75 (95% confidence interval =1.17–2.62) times higher odds of having sleep problems, respectively, compared with those being sedentary for less than 4 hr per day (n = 24,637). The strongest associations were observed among those aged 50–64 years. The observed associations were independent of a wide range of sociodemographic factors, physical and mental health conditions and physical activity behaviour. Considering the social and occupational costs of sleep problems, it is important that future longitudinal research should consider the directionality of the data.
Hepatitis C among vulnerable populations: A seroprevalence study of homeless, people who inject drugs and prisoners in London
Authors: Aisyah D. N. , Shallcross L. , Hayward A. , Aldridge R. W. , Hemming S. , Yates S. , Ferenando G. , Possas L. , Garber E. , Watson J. M. , Geretti A. M. , McHugh T. D. , Lipman M. , Story A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryInjecting drugs substantially increases the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and is common in the homeless and prisoners. Capturing accurate data on disease prevalence within these groups is challenging but is essential to inform strategies to reduce HCV transmission. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HCV in these populations. We conducted a cross‐sectional study between May 2011 and June 2013 in London and, using convenience sampling, recruited participants from hostels for the homeless, drug treatment services and a prison. A questionnaire was administered and blood samples were tested for hepatitis C. We recruited 491 individuals who were homeless (40.7%), 205 drug users (17%) and 511 prisoners (42.3%). Eight per cent of patients (98/1207, 95% CI: 6.7%‐9.8%) had active HCV infection and 3% (38/1207, 95% CI: 2.3%‐4.3%) past HCV infection. Overall, one quarter (51/205) of people recruited in drug treatment services, 13% (65/491) of people from homeless residential sites and 4% (20/511) prisoners in this study were anti‐HCV positive. Seventy‐seven of the 136 (56.6%, 95% CI: 47.9%‐65%) of HCV infected participants identified had a history of all three risk factors (homelessness, imprisonment and drug use), 27.3% (95% CI: 20.1%‐35.6%) had 2 overlapping risk factors, and 15.4% (95% CI: 10.6%‐23.7%) one risk factor. Drug treatment services, prisons and homelessness services provide good opportunities for identifying hepatitis C‐infected individuals. Effective models need to be developed to ensure case identification in these settings that can lead to an effective treatment and an efficient HCV prevention.
Language and identity practices among multilingual Western European youths
Authors: Nortier Jacomine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSince the 1980s, an increasing number of studies on youth languages in Europe has appeared. In this paper, a selection of the literature on linguistic practices and identity work by young people in multilingual and multiethnic urban areas in Western Europe is reviewed and discussed. Practices in Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden are focused on. From a bird's eye view, the literature on linguistic practices of urban youth in other West‐ and South‐European countries is reviewed as well. After a sketch of the context in which the first studies on multilingual and multiethnic youth languages appeared, research on youth languages in the five focus countries is presented, followed by a comparison of linguistic characteristics. Specific features from the levels of grammar, lexicon, and pronunciation are used to index social belonging and identity.
Biogeographic patterns of communities across diverse marine ecosystems in southern California
Authors: Claisse Jeremy T. , Blanchette Carol A. , Dugan Jenifer E. , Williams Jonathan P. , Freiwald Jan , Pondella Daniel J. , Schooler Nicholas K. , Hubbard David M. , Davis Kathryn , Zahn Laurel A. , Williams Chelsea M. , Caselle Jennifer E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntegrating results from monitoring efforts conducted across diverse marine ecosystems provides opportunities to reveal novel biogeographic patterns at larger spatial scales and among multiple taxonomic groups. We investigated large‐scale patterns of community similarity across major taxonomic groups (invertebrates, fishes or algae) from a range of marine ecosystems (rocky intertidal, sandy intertidal, kelp forest, shallow and deep soft‐bottom subtidal) in southern California. Because monitoring sites and methods varied among programs, site data were averaged over larger geographic regions to facilitate comparisons. For the majority of individual community types, locations that were geographically near or environmentally similar to one another tended to have more similar communities. However, our analysis found that this pattern of within community type similarity did not result in all pairs of these community types exhibiting high levels of cross‐community congruence. Rocky intertidal algae communities had high levels of congruence with the spatial patterns observed for almost all of the other (fish or invertebrate) community types. This was not surprising given algal distributions are known to be highly influenced by bottom‐up factors and they are important as food and habitat for marine fishes and invertebrates. However, relatively few pairwise comparisons of the spatial patterns between a fish community and an invertebrate community yielded significant correlations. These community types are generally comprised of assemblages of higher trophic level species, and additional ecological and anthropogenic factors may have altered their spatial patterns of community similarity. In most cases pairs of invertebrate community types and pairs of fish community types exhibited similar spatial patterns, although there were some notable exceptions. These findings have important implications for the design and interpretation of results of long‐term monitoring programs.
Xyloglucan evolution and the terrestrialization of green plants
Authors: Del‐Bem Luiz‐Eduardo 
Published: May 2018

SummaryXyloglucan (XyG) is the major noncellulosic nonpectic matrix polysaccharide in cell walls of most land plants. Initially thought to be restricted to land plants, the last decade has seen the detection of XyG and the discovery of synthesis and modification/degradation genes in charophycean green algae (CGA). Recently, a totally new function of XyG was discovered as a potent soil aggregator released by roots and rhizoids of all major groups of land plants. In this Viewpoint, I show the presence of a complex XyG genetic machinery in most CGA groups. I discuss the context of XyG evolution in light of the terrestrialization of early CGA that gave rise to embryophytes and its possible role in early soil formation.
Overexpressing the H‐protein of the glycine cleavage system increases biomass yield in glasshouse and field‐grown transgenic tobacco plants
Authors: López‐Calcagno Patricia E. , Fisk Stuart , Brown Kenny L. , Bull Simon E. , South Paul F. , Raines Christine A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryPhotorespiration is essential for C3 plants, enabling oxygenic photosynthesis through the scavenging of 2‐phosphoglycolate. Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of the L‐ and H‐proteins of the photorespiratory glycine cleavage system results in an increase in photosynthesis and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we present evidence that under controlled environment conditions an increase in biomass is evident in tobacco plants overexpressing the H‐protein. Importantly, the work in this paper provides a clear demonstration of the potential of this manipulation in tobacco grown in field conditions, in two separate seasons. We also demonstrate the importance of targeted overexpression of the H‐protein using the leaf‐specific promoter ST‐LS1. Although increases in the H‐protein driven by this promoter have a positive impact on biomass, higher levels of overexpression of this protein driven by the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter result in a reduction in the growth of the plants. Furthermore in these constitutive overexpressor plants, carbon allocation between soluble carbohydrates and starch is altered, as is the protein lipoylation of the enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha‐ketoglutarate complexes. Our data provide a clear demonstration of the positive effects of overexpression of the H‐protein to improve yield under field conditions.
The developmental dynamics of the Populus stem transcriptome
Authors: Chao Qing , Gao Zhi‐Fang , Zhang Dong , Zhao Biligen‐Gaowa , Dong Feng‐Qin , Fu Chun‐Xiang , Liu Li‐Jun , Wang Bai‐Chen 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe Populus shoot undergoes primary growth (longitudinal growth) followed by secondary growth (radial growth), which produces biomass that is an important source of energy worldwide. We adopted joint PacBio Iso‐Seq and RNA‐seq analysis to identify differentially expressed transcripts along a developmental gradient from the shoot apex to the fifth internode of Populus Nanlin895. We obtained 87 150 full‐length transcripts, including 2081 new isoforms and 62 058 new alternatively spliced isoforms, most of which were produced by intron retention, that were used to update the Populus annotation. Among these novel isoforms, there are 1187 long non‐coding RNAs and 356 fusion genes. Using this annotation, we found 15 838 differentially expressed transcripts along the shoot developmental gradient, of which 1216 were transcription factors (TFs). Only a few of these genes were reported previously. The differential expression of these TFs suggests that they may play important roles in primary and secondary growth. AP2, ARF, YABBY and GRF TFs are highly expressed in the apex, whereas NAC, bZIP, PLATZ and HSF TFs are likely to be important for secondary growth. Overall, our findings provide evidence that long‐read sequencing can complement short‐read sequencing for cataloguing and quantifying eukaryotic transcripts and increase our understanding of the vital and dynamic process of shoot development.
Gatekeeping: Documents, Legal Knowledge, and Judicial Authority in Contemporary Argentina
Authors: Barrera Leticia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article addresses the question of judicial authority by examining the mundane practices of legal knowledge‐making that unfold within the Argentine Supreme Court of Justice. Building on a larger ethnographic study of the court in the aftermath of the country's 2001–2002 crisis, this article focuses on the particular forms and documentary practices Supreme Court justices use to review a few select cases and then discard the majority without explanation. Analyzing these practices sheds light on the tensions that exist among different imaginaries of judicial adjudication and the court's role in the native legal field. In this context, this article argues that exclusion operates not only as a tool of docket management and control but also as a way to shape judicial authority and legitimacy in contemporary Argentina.
Psychosocial Factors Correlated with Undisclosed Suicide Attempts to Significant Others: Findings from the Adolescence SEYLE Study
Authors: Levi‐Belz Yossi , Gavish‐Marom Timor , Barzilay Shira , Apter Alan , Carli Vladimir , Hoven Cristina , Sarchiapone Mario , Wasserman Dnuta 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveSuicide attempt (SA) is recognized as one of the risk factors for completed suicides. The concealment of this behavior often hinders detection and management of suicide risk. Thus, in this study, we sought to shed light on adolescents’ psychosocial processes that could facilitate disclosure of SAs. Specifically, we sought to identify antecedents of adolescent SAs that had not been revealed to significant others.MethodA high school sample) N = 990 (completed a self‐report questionnaire tapping psychiatric, personal, and interpersonal characteristics, as well as suicidality, as part of the SEYLE project. Twenty‐seven adolescents acknowledged having made an SA without disclosing it to parents or to other significant others. They were compared with 47 adolescents who made SAs that were communicated to others and with a control group of 916 adolescents having no history of suicidal behavior.ResultsCompared with disclosures and controls, non‐disclosing suicide attempters were characterized by higher levels of suicide ideation, distress, and victimization. Low levels of self‐disclosure and parental support were significantly associated with undisclosed SAs.ConclusionsInterpersonal difficulties may be related to loneliness and a thwarted sense of belongingness, which may explain the failure to disclose SAs. Implications related to assessment and prevention are discussed.