bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Optimized Screen Reduces the Number of GA Transporters and provides Insights into NPF Substrate Determinants
Authors: Wulff Nikolai , Ernst Heidi Asschenfeldt , Jørgensen Morten Egevang , Lambertz Sophie , Maierhofer Tobias , Belew Zeinu Mussa , Crocoll Christoph , Motawia Mohammed Saddik , Geiger Dietmar , Jørgensen Flemming Steen , Mirza Osman , Nour-Eldin Hussam Hassan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBased on recent in vitro data, a relatively large number of the plant Nitrate transporter 1/Peptide transporter Family (NPF) proteins has been suggested to function as gibberellic acid (GA) transporters. Most GA transporting NPF proteins also appear to transport other structurally unrelated phytohormones or metabolites. Several of the GAs used in previous in vitro assays are membrane permeable weak organic acids whose movement across membranes are influenced by the pH-sensitive ion-trap mechanism. Moreover, a large proportion of in vitro GA transport activities have been demonstrated indirectly via long-term yeast-based GA-dependent growth assays that are limited to detecting transport of bioactive GAs. Thus, there is a need for an optimized transport assay for identifying and characterizing GA transport. Here, we develop an improved transport assay in Xenopus laevis oocytes wherein we directly measure movement of six different GAs across oocyte membranes over short time. We show that membrane permeability of GAs in oocytes can be predicted based on number of oxygen atoms and that several GAs do not diffuse over membranes regardless of changes in pH values. In addition, we show that small changes in internal cellular pH can result in strongly altered distribution of membrane permeable phytohormones. This prompts caution when interpreting heterologous transport activities. We use our transport assay to screen all Arabidopsis thaliana NPF proteins for transport activity towards six GAs (two membrane permeable and four non-permeable). The results presented here, significantly reduce the number of bona fide NPF GA transporters in Arabidopsis and narrow the activity to fewer subclades within the family. Furthermore, to gain first insight into the molecular determinants of substrate specificities towards organic molecules transported in the NPF, we charted all surface exposed amino acid residues in the substrate-binding cavity and correlated them to GA transport. This analysis identified distinct residues within the substrate-binding cavity that are shared between GA transporting NPF proteins; the potential roles of these residues in determining substrate specificity are discussed.
Rare earth element (REE)-dependent growth of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 depends on the ABC-transporter PedA1A2BC and is influenced by iron availability
Authors: Wehrmann Matthias , Berthelot Charlotte , Billard Patrick , Klebensberger Janosch 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the soil-dwelling organism Pseudomonas putida KT2440, the rare earth element (REE)-utilizing and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent ethanol dehydrogenase PedH is part of a periplasmic oxidation system that is vital for growth on various alcoholic volatiles. Expression of PedH and its Ca2+-dependent counterpart PedE is inversely regulated in response to lanthanide (Ln3+) bioavailability, a mechanism termed the REE-switch. In the present study, we demonstrate that copper, zinc, and in particular, iron availability influences this regulation in a pyoverdine-independent manner by increasing the minimal Ln3+ concentration required for the REE-switch to occur by several orders of magnitude. A combined genetic- and physiological approach reveals that an ABC-type transporter system encoded by the gene cluster pedA1A2BC is essential for efficient growth with low (nanomolar) Ln3+ concentrations. In the absence of pedA1A2BC, a ~100-fold higher La3+ concentration is needed for PedH-dependent growth but not for the ability to repress growth based on PedE activity. From these results, we conclude that cytoplasmic uptake of lanthanides through PedA1A2BC is essential to facilitate REE-dependent growth under environmental conditions with poor REE bioavailability. Our data further suggest that the La3+/Fe3+ ratio impacts the REE-switch through the mismetallation of putative La3+-binding proteins, such as the sensor histidine kinase PedS2, in the presence of high iron concentrations. As such, this study provides an example for the complexity of bacteria-metal interactions and highlights the importance of medium compositions when studying physiological traits in vitro in particular in regards to REE-dependent phenomena.
Immune, Autonomic, and Endocrine Dysregulation in Autism and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome/Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders Versus Unaffected Controls
Authors: Casanova Emily L. , Sharp Julia L. , Edelson Stephen M. , Kelly Desmond P. , Sokhadze Estate M. , Casanova Manuel F. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundA growing body of literature suggests etiological overlap between Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)/hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and some cases of autism, although this relationship is poorly delineated. In addition, immune, autonomic, and endocrine dysregulation are reported in both conditions and may be relevant to their respective etiologies.AimsTo study symptom overlap in these two comorbid spectrum conditions.Methods and ProceduresWe surveyed 702 adults aged 25+ years on a variety of EDS/HSD-related health topics, comparing individuals with EDS/HSD, autism, and unaffected controls.Outcomes and ResultsThe autism group reported similar though less severe symptomology as the EDS/HSD group, especially in areas of immune/autonomic/endocrine dysregulation, connective tissue abnormalities (i.e., skin, bruising/bleeding), and chronic pain. EDS/HSD mothers with autistic children reported more immune symptoms than EDS/HSD mothers without, suggesting the maternal immune system could play a heritable role in these conditions (p = 0.0119).Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data suggest that EDS/HSD and autism share aspects of immune/autonomic/endocrine dysregulation, pain, and some tissue fragility, which is typically more severe in the former. This overlap, as well as documented comorbidity, suggests some forms of autism may be hereditary connective tissue disorders (HCTD).
Differential scanning fluorimetric analysis of the amino-acid binding to taste receptor using a model receptor protein, the ligand-binding domain of fish T1r2a/T1r3
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Yasui Norihisa , Kusakabe Yuko , Ito Chiaki , Akamatsu Miki , Yamashita Atsuko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTaste receptor type 1 (T1r) is responsible for the perception of essential nutrients, such as sugars and amino acids, and evoking sweet and umami (savory) taste sensations. T1r receptors recognize many of the taste substances at their extracellular ligand-binding domains (LBDs). In order to detect a wide array of taste substances in the environment, T1r receptors often possess broad ligand specificities. However, the entire ranges of chemical spaces and their binding characteristics to any T1rLBDs have not been extensively analyzed. In this study, we exploited the differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) to medaka T1r2a/T1r3LBD, a current sole T1rLBD heterodimer amenable for recombinant preparation, and analyzed their thermal stabilization by adding various amino acids. The assay showed that the agonist amino acids induced thermal stabilization and shifted the melting temperatures (Tm) of the protein. An agreement between the DSF results and the previous biophysical assay was observed, suggesting that DSF can detect ligand binding at the orthosteric-binding site in T1r2a/T1r3LBD. The assay further demonstrated that most of the tested L-amino acids, but no D-amino acid, inducedTmshifts of T1r2a/T1r3LBD, indicating the broad L-amino acid specificities of the proteins probably with several different manners of recognition. TheTmshifts by each amino acid also showed a fair correlation with the responses exhibited by the full-length receptor, verifying the broad amino-acid binding profiles at the orthosteric site in LBD observed by DSF.
Study of the AMP-activated protein kinase role in energy metabolism changes during the postmortem aging of yak longissimus lumborum
Authors: Yang Yayuan , Han Ling , Yu Qunli , Gao Yongfang , Song Rende 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo explore the postmortem physiological mechanism of muscle, activity of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as its role in energy metabolism of postmortem yaks were studied. In this experiment, we injected 5-amino-1-beta-d-furanonyl imidazole-4-formamide (AICAR), a specific activator of AMPK, and the specific AMPK inhibitor STO-609, to observe the changes in glycolysis, energy metabolism, AMPK activity and AMPK gene expression (PRKA1 and PRKA2) in postmortem yaks during maturation. The results showed that AICAR could increase the expression of the PRKKA1 and PRKAA2 genes, activate AMPK and increase its activity. The effects of AICAR include a lower concentration of ATP, an increase in AMP production, an acceleration of glycolysis, an increase in the lactic acid concentration, and a decrease in the pH value. In contrast, STO-609 had the opposite effect. Under hypoxic adaptation, the activity of the meat AMPK increased, which accelerated glycolysis and metabolism, and more effectively regulated energy production.
A1 Adenosine Receptor Signaling ReducesStreptococcus pneumoniaeAdherence to Pulmonary Epithelial Cells by Targeting Expression of Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor
Authors: Bhalla Manmeet , Yeoh Jun Hui , Lamneck Claire , Herring Sydney E. , Tchalla Essi Y. I. , Leong John M. , Ghanem Elsa N. Bou 
Published: June 2019

SummaryExtracellular adenosine production is crucial for host resistance againstStreptococcus pneumoniae(pneumococcus) and is thought to affect antibacterial immune responses by neutrophils. However, whether extracellular adenosine alters direct host-pathogen interaction remains unexplored. An important determinant for lung infection byS. pneumoniaeis its ability to adhere to the pulmonary epithelium. Here we explored whether extracellular adenosine can directly impact bacterial adherence to lung epithelial cells. We found signaling via A1 adenosine receptor significantly reduced the ability of pneumococci to bind human pulmonary epithelial cells. A1 receptor signaling blocked bacterial binding by reducing the expression of platelet-activating factor receptor, a host protein used byS. pneumoniaeto adhere to host cells.In vivo, A1 was required for control of pneumococcal pneumonia as inhibiting it resulted in increased host susceptibility. AsS. pneumoniaeremain a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly, we explored the role of A1 in the age-driven susceptibility to infection. We found no difference in A1 pulmonary expression in young versus old mice. Strikingly, triggering A1 signaling boosted host resistance of old mice toS. pneumoniaepulmonary infection. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which extracellular adenosine modulates resistance to lung infection by targeting bacterial-host interactions.
Altered m6A modification of specific cellular transcripts affects Flaviviridae infection
Authors: Gokhale Nandan S. , McIntyre Alexa B.R. , Mattocks Melissa D. , Holley Christopher L. , Lazear Helen M. , Mason Christopher E. , Horner Stacy M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) can modulate mRNA fate and thus affect many biological processes. We analyzed m6A modification across the transcriptome following infection by dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We found that infection by these viruses in the Flaviviridae family alters m6A modification of specific cellular transcripts, including RIOK3 and CIRBP. During viral infection, the addition of m6A to RIOK3 promotes its translation, while loss of m6A in CIRBP promotes alternative splicing. Importantly, we found that activation of innate immune sensing or the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response by viral infection contributes to the changes in m6A modification in RIOK3 and CIRBP, respectively. Further, several transcripts with infection-altered m6A profiles, including RIOK3 and CIRBP, encode proteins that influence DENV, ZIKV, and HCV infection. Overall, this work reveals that cellular signaling pathways activated during viral infection lead to alterations in m6A modification of host mRNAs to regulate infection.
Analysis and application of shroud wall optimization to an axial compressor with upstream boundary layer to improve aerodynamic performance
Authors: Lu Hanan , Li Qiushi , Pan Tianyu , Agarwal Ramesh 
Published: June 2019

PurposeFor an axial-flow compressor rotor, the upstream inflow conditions will vary as the aircraft faces harsh flight conditions (such as taking off, landing or maneuvering) or the whole compressor operates at off-design conditions. With the increase of upstream boundary layer thickness, the rotor blade tip will be loaded and the increased blade load will deteriorate the shock/boundary layer interaction and tip leakage flows, resulting in high aerodynamic losses in the tip region. The purpose of this paper is to achieve a better flow control for tip secondary flows and provide a probable design strategy for high-load compressors to tolerate complex upstream inflow conditions.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents an analysis and application of shroud wall optimization to a typical transonic axial-flow compressor rotor by considering the inlet boundary layer (IBL). The design variables are selected to shape the shroud wall profile at the tip region with the purpose of controlling the tip leakage loss and the shock/boundary layer interaction loss. The objectives are to improve the compressor efficiency at the inlet-boundary-layer condition while keeping its aerodynamic performance at the uniform condition.FindingsAfter the optimization of shroud wall contour, aerodynamic benefits are achieved mainly on two aspects. On the one hand, the shroud wall optimization has reduced the intensity of the tip leakage flow and the interaction between the leakage and main flows, thereby decreasing the leakage loss. On the other hand, the optimized shroud design changes the shock structure and redistributes the shock intensity in the spanwise direction, especially weakening the shock near the tip. In this situation, the shock/boundary layer interaction and the associated flow separations and wakes are also eliminated. On the whole, at the inlet-boundary-layer condition, the compressor with optimized shroud design has achieved a 0.8 per cent improvement of peak efficiency over that with baseline shroud design without sacrificing the total pressure ratio. Moreover, the re-designed compressor also maintains the aerodynamic performance at the uniform condition. The results indicate that the shroud wall profile has significant influences on the rotor tip losses and could be properly designed to enhance the compressor aerodynamic performance against the negative impacts of the IBL.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper lies in developing a shroud wall contour optimization design strategy to control the tip leakage loss and the shock/boundary layer interaction loss in a transonic compressor rotor. The obtained results could be beneficial for transonic compressors to tolerate the complex upstream inflow conditions.
Alternate PCM with air cavities in LED heat sink for transient thermal management
Authors: Ben Salah Sana , Ben Hamida Mohamed Bechir 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to optimize the configuration of a heat sink with phase change material for improving the cooling performance of light emitting diodes (LED).

Design/methodology/approach
A numerical three-dimensional time-dependent model is developed with COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the phase change material melting process during both the charging and discharging period.

Findings
The model is validated with previously published works. It found a good agreement. The difference between filled cavities with phase change materials (PCM) and alternate cavities air-PCM is discussed. The last-mentioned showed a good ability for reducing the junction temperature during the melting time. Three cases of this configuration having the same total volume of PCM but a different number of cavities are compared. The case of ten fins with five PCM cavities is preferred because it permit a reduction of 21 per cent of the junction temperature with an enhancement ratio of 2:4. The performance of this case under different power input is verified.

Originality/value
The use of alternate air-PCM cavities of the heat sink. The use of PCM in LED to delay the peak temperature in the case of thermal shock (for example, damage of fan) An amount of energy is stored in the LED and it is evacuated to the ambient of the accommodation by the cycle of charging and discharging established (1,765 Joule stored and released each 13 min with 1 LED chip of 5 W).
Numerical simulation of shock wave – dense particles cloud interaction using Godunov solver for Baer–Nunziato equations
Authors: Utkin P. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to clarify some aspects of the application of the Godunov method for the Baer–Nunziato equations solution on the example of the problem of shock wave – dense particles cloud interaction.

Design/methodology/approach
The statement of the problem corresponds to the natural experiment. Mathematical model is based on the Baer–Nunziato system of equations with algebraic right-hand side source terms that takes into account the interphase friction force. Two numerical approaches are used: Harten-Lax-van Leer method and Godunov method.

Findings
For the robust simulation using Godunov method, the application of the pressure relaxation procedure is proposed. The comparative analysis of the simulation results using two methods is carried out. The Godunov method provides significantly smaller numerical diffusion of the solid phase volume fraction in the cloud that leads to the much better agreement of the pressure curves on transducers and the dynamics of the cloud motion with the experimental data.

Originality/value
Godunov method for the Baer–Nunziato equations is applied for the simulation of the natural experiment on the shock wave particles cloud interaction. Up to now, the examples of the application of the Godunov method for the Baer–Nunziato equations to the investigation of the practical problems have been limited by the works of the authors of the method and the field of detonation in the heterogeneous explosives. For the robust simulations in the presence of interphase boundaries, it is proposed to use the Godunov method together with the pressure relaxation procedure.
Inter-organisational knowledge spillovers: attracting talent in science and technology parks and corporate social responsibility practices
Authors: González-Masip Jaime , Martín-de Castro Gregorio , Hernández Adolfo 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to propose that firms located in science and technology parks (STP) developing corporate social responsibility practices can attract talented workers as an effective knowledge management spillover mechanism.Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal study has been carried out from the Spanish Panel of Technological Innovation database (PITEC). The statistical method used for data treatment has been a logistic regression for panel data.FindingsEmpirical results show a positive moderating effect of corporate social responsibility practices on the relationship between the firm’s belonging to a STP and talent attraction.Originality/valueThis research follows previous claim for additional research on the phenomenon of talent management and clusters and STP. In that sense, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no previous empirical research about the complementarily effect of corporate social responsibility practices and the belonging to a STP in talent attraction.
Achieving selves
Authors: Todres Mathew , Reveley James 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Arguably, how psychohistorians treat entrepreneur life-writing interiorizes the autobiographer’s self, thereby limiting the extent to which self can be accessed by researchers. By advocating a different approach, based on socio-narratology, this paper provides insight into how entrepreneurs in both the distant and recent past construct narrative identities – the textual corollary of “storied selves” – within their autobiographies.

Design/methodology/approach
The object of analysis is the failed entrepreneur autobiography, straddling two sub-genres – “projective” and “confessional” – which both serve to rehabilitate the author.

Findings
Narratological analysis of Nick Leeson’s Rogue Trader autobiography reveals how the author deftly draws upon the culturally recognizable trope of the “rogue as trickster” and “rogue as critic” to contextualize his deceptive and illegal activities, before signaling his desire for rehabilitation by exiting banking and futures trading – thereby enacting the “rogue as family man”.

Practical implications
The application of a narratological methodology opens up new avenues for understanding the interplay between Western cultural institutions, entrepreneur selves, and autobiographical writing.

Originality/value
This paper shows that narratology provides a new methodological window through which management historians can view entrepreneur autobiographies.
Damage evaluation of a full-scale RC frame exposed to multiple extreme loads
Authors: Kumar Virendra 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The occurrence of multiple hazards in extreme conditions is not unknown nowadays, but the sustainability of the reinforced concrete structures under such scenarios form competitive challenges in civil engineering profession. Among all, fire following earthquake (FFE) is categorized under multiple extreme load scenarios which causes sequential damages to the structures. This paper aims to experiment a full-scale RC frame sub-assemblage for the FFE scenario and assess each stage of damage through the nondestructive testing method.

Design/methodology/approach
Two levels of simulated earthquake damages, i.e. immediate occupancy (IO) level and life safety (LS) level of structural performance were induced to the test frame and then, followed by a realistic compartment fire of 1 h duration. Also, the evaluation of damage to the RC frame after the fire subsequent to the earthquake was carried out by obtaining the ultimate capacity of the frame. Ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer test were conducted to assess the structural endurance of the damaged frame. Cracks were also marked during mechanical damages to the test frame to study the nature of its propagation.

Findings
Careful visual inspection during and after the fire test to the test frame were done. To differentiate between concrete chemically affected by the fire or physically damaged is an important issue. In situ inspection and laboratory tests of concrete components have been performed. Concrete from the test frame was localized with thermo-gravimetric analysis. The UPV results exhibited a sharp decrease in the strength of the concrete material which was also confirmed via the DTA, TGA and TG results. It is important to evaluate the residual capacity of the entire structure under the FFE scenario and propose rehabilitation/retrofit schemes for the building structure.

Research limitations/implications
The heterogeneity in the distribution of the damage has been identified due to variation of fire exposure. The study only highlights the capabilities of the methods for finding the residual capacity of the RC frame sub-assemblage after an occurrence of an FFE.

Originality/value
It is of find kind of research work on full-scale reinforced concrete building. In this, an attempt has been made for the evaluation of concrete structures affected by an FFE through nondestructive and destructive methods.