bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Facile Preparation of Hydroxycinnamyl Alcohols withSimultaneous Protection of Phenol Groups as Carbonate
Authors: Panzella Lucia , DellaGreca Marina , Longobardo Luigi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel procedure for reduction and simultaneous protection of phenol groups of hydroxycinnamic acids to the related alcohols has been developed. During the formation of mixed anhydrides from the acids and an alkyl chloroformate, the phenol was protected as carbonate, and the mixed anhydrides were reduced with an aqueous solution of sodium borohydride. Free phenols were obtained by deprotection under mild conditions with 30% aq. NH4OH in methanol. O‐protected phenolic alcohols can be converted by standard methods into orthogonal protected derivatives. This rapid and efficient synthetic method offers a simple and high‐yield preparation of these important fine chemicals, overcoming the tedious and costly procedures associate with the use of strong reducing agents such as LiAlH4 and DIBAL−H.
Irreversible One‐Way [2+2] Photocycloaddition in Bis‐Styrylbenzo[f]quinoline Dyad: Photoactive and Photoinert Excimers in the Same System
Authors: Budyka Mikhail F. , Gavrishova Tatiana N. , Potashova Natalia I. , Li Vitalii M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCompetitive photoprocesses were found in a novel biphotochromic dyad with 3‐styrylbenzo[f]quinoline (SBQ) photochromes ‐ fluorescence and unexpectedly irreversible [2+2] photocycloaddition (PCA) resulting in formation of a cyclobutane derivative with two benzo[f]quinoline (BQ) substituents. No SBQ trans‐cis photoisomerization was observed. Quantum‐chemical DFT calculations predict π‐stacking of the SBQ units in the dyad that hinders trans‐cis photoisomerization but favors a photoactive excimer formation with following PCA. Calculations predict also π‐stacking of the BQ units in the cyclobutane that explains experimentally observed exciton absorption and excimer emission of the latter. The unique property of the cyclobutane excimer is its photoinertness: cyclobutane does not undergo photocycloreversion with ring opening. The photoinert excimer is observed for the first time. Possible reasons of difference between chemical properties of photoactive and photoinert excimers are discussed.
Stable Voltage Cutoff Cycle Cathode with Tunable and Ordered Porous Structure for Li‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Zheng Mingbo , Jiang Jie , Lin Zixia , He Ping , Shi Yi , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOrdered porous RuO2 materials with various pore structure parameters are prepared via a hard‐template method and are used as the carbon‐free cathodes for Li‐O2 batteries under the voltage cutoff cycle mode. The influences of pore structure parameters of porous RuO2 on electrochemical performance are systematically studied. Results indicate that specific surface area and pore size determine the specific capacity and round‐trip efficiency of Li‐O2 batteries. Too small pores cause pore blockage and hinder the diffusion pathways of Li+ and O2, thereby causing small specific capacity and high overpotentials. Too large pores weaken the mechanical property of porous RuO2, thereby causing the rapid decrease in capacity during electrochemical reaction. The Li‐O2 battery based on the RuO2 cathode with an average pore size of 16 nm (RuO2‐16) exhibits a high round‐trip efficiency of ≈75.6% and an excellent cycling stability of up to 70 cycles at 100 mA g−1 with a voltage window of 2.5–4.0 V. The superior performance of RuO2‐16 can be attributed to its optimal pore structure parameters. Furthermore, the in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry test demonstrates that RuO2 can effectively reduce parasitic reactions compared with carbon materials.
A porting method for coordinated multiplatform evolution
Authors: Stehle Tilmann , Riebisch Matthias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCross‐platform development nowadays is a key issue in software engineering, since software developers have to target multiple platforms in order to reach a larger number of users. Often, software is developed initially for one platform before being extended to multiplatform development. However, most of the existing technical support and methods for cross‐platform development are applicable only to projects that develop a software product from scratch. They do not address the frequent situation that an existing mature software shall be ported rather than being reimplemented for an additional platform. In this article, we present a flexible transformation method from single to multiplatform development that systematically leverages existing and novel tools. For facilitating coordinated evolution of the original and the target platform code, we establish traceability across the two versions and develop a common architecture across both the original and target platform implementations. As an economic advantage, the method allows to keep the original mature application and reduces maintenance redundancies compared with reimplementation. As a validation, the approach has been applied to port two mobile apps and a Java library to new platforms resulting in high portions of commonly used convertible code, structural equivalences across the original and target platform implementation and traceability between them.
Electrochemically Exfoliated Phosphorene–Graphene Hybrid for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shuai Honglei , Ge Peng , Hong Wanwan , Li Sijie , Hu Jiugang , Hou Hongshuai , Zou Guoqiang , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBlack phosphorus, an attractive anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), has aroused grand attention because of its high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, its practical exploration is limited by large volume swelling, followed by rapid capacity decaying. Herein, both large‐area few‐layer phosphorene and low‐defect graphene are obtained by electrochemical exfoliation. The sandwich‐structured phosphorene–graphene hybrid with the simultaneous introduction of PC and POC bonds through chemical activation is employed to heighten the performance of SIBs, leading to a high specific capacity of 2311 mA h g−1 (based on the mass of phosphorene) at 0.1 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 83.9% after 100 loops, which can be ascribed to the flexible space of graphene layers that alleviates the volumetric expansion of phosphorene. Moreover, the stable chemical bonds as the bridge for electrons transferring can immobilize phosphorene and protect phosphorene from cracking during the sodiation/desodiation process. Expectedly, the anode exhibits excellent cycle performance of 200 loops with retained capacities of 1582.6 and 1120.6 mA h g−1 at 1 and 5 A g−1, respectively. Therefore, this electrochemical approach provides a guide for the preparation of other sandwiched 2D materials, which can be applied in high‐performance energy‐storage devices.
Shaking table tests on braced reinforced concrete frame structure across the earth fissure under earthquake
Authors: Xiong Zhongming , Chen Xuan , Wang Yongwei , Zhang Chao , Zhuge Yan 
Published: October 2018

SummaryA series of shaking table tests on a scaled model were conducted to investigate the effect of steel braces on reinforced concrete frame structure across earth fissure under earthquake. In the test, a 1/15 scaled model structure taking into account soil–structure interaction was designed on the basis of similarity theorem. Seismic response data, including acceleration responses, displacement responses, shear force distributions, and strain amplitudes of column reinforcement were obtained and analyzed by comparing the results of unbraced and braced structure. Results show that with the peak ground acceleration of input motions increased, maximum of inter‐story drifts, shear forces, and strain amplitudes increased, whereas the acceleration amplification factors decreased. Steel braces could obviously reduce the seismic response of the structure, indicating that this retrofit method is an effective control measure for structures across the earth fissure under earthquake. These results are significant for studying the effect of earth fissure on seismic responses of structures.
Bootstrapping two-loop Feynman integrals for planar $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ sYM
Authors: Henn Johannes , Herrmann Enrico , Parra-Martinez Julio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe derive analytic results for the symbol of certain two-loop Feynman integrals relevant for seven- and eight-point two-loop scattering amplitudes in planar$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$N=4super-Yang-Mills theory. We use a bootstrap inspired strategy, combined with a set of second-order partial differential equations that provide powerful constraints on the symbol ansatz. When the complete symbol alphabet is not available, we adopt a hybrid approach. Instead of the full function, we bootstrap a certain discontinuity for which the alphabet is known. Then we write a one-fold dispersion integral to recover the complete result. At six and seven points, we find that the individual Feynman integrals live in the same space of functions as the amplitude, which is described by the 9- and 42-letter cluster alphabets respectively. Starting at eight points however, the symbol alphabet of the MHV amplitude is insufficient for individual integrals. In particular, some of the integrals require algebraic letters involving four-mass box square-root singularities. We point out that these algebraic letters are relevant at the amplitude level directly starting with N2MHV amplitudes even at one loop.
Altered bile acid profile associates with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease—An emerging role for gut microbiome
Authors: MahmoudianDehkordi Siamak , Arnold Matthias , Nho Kwangsik , Ahmad Shahzad , Jia Wei , Xie Guoxiang , Louie Gregory , Kueider‐Paisley Alexandra , Moseley M. Arthur , Thompson J. Will , St John Williams Lisa , Tenenbaum Jessica D. , Blach Colette , Baillie Rebecca , Han Xianlin , Bhattacharyya Sudeepa , Toledo Jon B. , Schafferer Simon , Klein Sebastian , Koal Therese , Risacher Shannon L. , Allan Kling Mitchel , Motsinger‐Reif Alison , Rotroff Daniel M. , Jack John , Hankemeier Thomas , Bennett David A. , De Jager Philip L. , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Weiner Michael W. , Doraiswamy P. Murali , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Saykin Andrew J. , Kastenmüller Gabi , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the Alzheimer Disease Metabolomics Consortium
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiome in central nervous system disorders and a specific role for the gut‐brain axis in neurodegeneration. Bile acids (BAs), products of cholesterol metabolism and clearance, are produced in the liver and are further metabolized by gut bacteria. They have major regulatory and signaling functions and seem dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsSerum levels of 15 primary and secondary BAs and their conjugated forms were measured in 1464 subjects including 370 cognitively normal older adults, 284 with early mild cognitive impairment, 505 with late mild cognitive impairment, and 305 AD cases enrolled in the AD Neuroimaging Initiative. We assessed associations of BA profiles including selected ratios with diagnosis, cognition, and AD‐related genetic variants, adjusting for confounders and multiple testing.ResultsIn AD compared to cognitively normal older adults, we observed significantly lower serum concentrations of a primary BA (cholic acid [CA]) and increased levels of the bacterially produced, secondary BA, deoxycholic acid, and its glycine and taurine conjugated forms. An increased ratio of deoxycholic acid:CA, which reflects 7α‐dehydroxylation of CA by gut bacteria, strongly associated with cognitive decline, a finding replicated in serum and brain samples in the Rush Religious Orders and Memory and Aging Project. Several genetic variants in immune response–related genes implicated in AD showed associations with BA profiles.DiscussionWe report for the first time an association between altered BA profile, genetic variants implicated in AD, and cognitive changes in disease using a large multicenter study. These findings warrant further investigation of gut dysbiosis and possible role of gut‐liver‐brain axis in the pathogenesis of AD.
Bulla Regia I: a new church and Christian cemetery
Authors: Chaouali Moheddine , Fenwick Corisande , Booms Dirk 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper reports the preliminary results from two short seasons of fieldwork that the Tunisian–British Bulla Regia Archaeological Report was able to undertake in September 2016 and 2017. In 2016, the work focused on a geophysical survey of the western cemetery and revealed a complex landscape of funerary enclosures and mausolea outside the protected boundaries of the site, likely to be of Roman date. In 2017, photogrammetric techniques were used to record and plan a Late Antique church and cemetery that was discovered during a rescue excavation in 2010. The church consists of three naves and a series of funerary annexes, which contained burials covered by mosaic or stone epitaphs, including those marking the graves of two bishops and two priests. The church is surrounded by an extensive cemetery with a variety of different tomb types, such as mosaic caissons and simple stepped masonry tombs. The mosaics, inscriptions and finds (ceramics, glass, coins) support a fourth to sixth/seventh century date for the church and cemetery.
Marins et sainteté à Sfax d'après les données archéologiques : l'exemple de Sîdî al-Bahrî et de Sîdî ʿAmar Kammûn
Authors: Ammar Othman 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe evidence on the relationship of seamen at Sfax with holiness, absent or hardly mentioned in the written texts, is revealed through archaeological data and in particular by epigraphic inscriptions. The oratory of Sîdî al-Bahrî and the minaret of Sîdî ʿAmar Kammûn in the medina of Sfax illustrate this relationship and demonstrate religious honour and the spread of a marine piety, in particular by the gifts offered by the sailors for the building, enlarging, embellishing or restoring of these pious constructions. The maritime community's attachment to the saints can be explained only by its fear of the sea, where many dangers occur of a natural, climatic and conflictual nature, bad weather, storm, aggression, etc. The saints thus became the symbol of the invulnerability of this port city.
A ‘living’ necropolis: change and reuse in the cemeteries of Cyrene
Authors: Cherstich Luca , Menozzi Oliva , Antonelli Sonia , Cherstich Igor , Mancini Maria Cristina , Di Antonio Maria Giorgia , Sheriff Saad A. Abdalrahim , Abdel Hati S. Farag 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe four cemeteries of Cyrene were a living archaeological landscape whose life continued far beyond antiquity. The habit of using monumental tombs was a long-lasting one in Cyrene, starting in the Archaic period and continuing until Roman times. The concept of ‘reuse’ is in itself a problematic one since, from a semantic point of view, it implies the presence of a clear-cut division between an original ‘phase of use’ and of a later ‘phase of reuse’. This approach could have sense when a clear hiatus is present, for example when speaking of modern reuse of ancient Greek tombs. However, the main problem is the use of the term ‘reuse’ when describing two ancient phases, such as a Hellenistic phase and a Roman phase of the same tomb, implying a clear hiatus between them even if one often lacks the elements for identifying the existence of such a hiatus. In particular, the Southern and Northern Necropolises have been analysed here to investigate this subject, basing the hypotheses on data coming from field research and previous studies. However, the topic of reuse for the tombs of Cyrene would need far more space than this paper, so this work should be considered an introduction to a matter that needs a far deeper and a far wider analysis. Given these limits, an ‘anthological’ approach is here proposed, with a sequence of various subjects connected to the ‘reuse’ topic and some new data coming from recent research (such as the surveys in the Northern and Southern Necropolises and the excavation of Tomb S1 by the Chieti University team, and of a tomb in the Northern Necropolis by a team of colleagues from the local Department of Antiquities).
Legume production at Cyrene in the Hellenistic period: epigraphic evidence
Authors: Haroun Abdelhamed Muna H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLegumes seem to have been cultivated and to have formed an essential part of the human diet during the Greek and Roman periods. This paper examines the cultivation of pulses in Cyrenaica during the Hellenistic era. It considers the regional production capacity for legumes to meet local needs and argues the involvement of different kinds of pulses in interregional commerce alongside cereals and other dry grains. This study has been implemented via investigating Hellenistic epigraphic evidence from Cyrene. It has traced the cost of pulses mentioned in inscriptions of the fourth and third/second centuries BC and compared them with that of wheat and barley. Pulses and cereal costs indicated by Diocletian's ‘Edict on Maximum Prices of AD 301’ have also been investigated to assess the general trend of their prices over time. The examination demonstrates that varieties of pulses were produced in Cyrenaica during the Hellenistic era and were likely as significant as wheat and barley. It also indicates that they were probably traded from the region alongside other dry commodities.
Giardia duodenalisin the UK: current knowledge of risk factors and public health implications
Authors: Horton B. , Bridle H. , Alexander C. L. , Katzer F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGiardia duodenalisis a ubiquitous flagellated protozoan parasite known to cause giardiasis throughout the world. Potential transmission vehicles for this zoonotic parasite are both water and food sources. As such consumption of water contaminated by feces, or food sources washed in contaminated water containing parasite cysts, may result in outbreaks. This creates local public health risks which can potentially cause widespread infection and long-term post-infection sequelae. This paper provides an up-to-date overview ofG. duodenalisassemblages, sub-assemblages, hosts and locations identified. It also summarizes knowledge of potential infection/transmission routes covering water, food, person-to-person infection and zoonotic transmission from livestock and companion animals. Public health implications focused within the UK, based on epidemiological data, are discussed and recommendations for essentialGiardiadevelopments are highlighted.
On a Problem of Danzer
Authors: MUSTAFA NABIL H. , RAY SAURABH 
Published: October 2018

LetCbe a bounded convex object in ℝd, and letPbe a set ofnpoints lying outsideC. Further, letcp,cqbe two integers with 1 ⩽cq⩽cp⩽n- ⌊d/2⌋, such that everycp+ ⌊d/2⌋ points ofPcontain a subset of sizecq+ ⌊d/2⌋ whose convex hull is disjoint fromC. Then our main theorem states the existence of a partition ofPinto a small number of subsets, each of whose convex hulls are disjoint fromC. Our proof is constructive and implies that such a partition can be computed in polynomial time.In particular, our general theorem implies polynomial bounds for Hadwiger--Debrunner (p,q) numbers for balls in ℝd. For example, it follows from our theorem that whenp>q= (1+β)⋅d/2 for β > 0, then any set of balls satisfying the (p,q)-property can be hit byO((1+β)2d2p1+1/βlogp) points. This is the first improvement over a nearly 60 year-old exponential bound of roughlyO(2d).Our results also complement the results obtained in a recent work of Keller, Smorodinsky and Tardos where, apart from improvements to the bound on HD(p,q) for convex sets in ℝdfor various ranges ofpandq, a polynomial bound is obtained for regions with low union complexity in the plane.
Malnutrition among older adults living in Portuguese nursing homes: the PEN-3S study
Authors: Madeira Teresa , Peixoto-Plácido Catarina , Sousa-Santos Nuno , Santos Osvaldo , Alarcão Violeta , Goulão Beatriz , Mendonça Nuno , Nicola Paulo Jorge , Yngve Agneta , Bye Asta , Bergland Astrid , Amaral Teresa F , Lopes Carla , Gorjão Clara João 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo characterise the nutritional status and to identify malnutrition-associated variables of older adults living in Portuguese nursing homes.DesignCross-sectional study. Data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics, self-reported morbidity, eating-related problems, nutritional status, cognitive function, depression symptoms, loneliness feelings and functional status were collected by trained nutritionists through a computer-assisted face-to-face structured interview followed by standardised anthropometric measurements. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with being at risk of malnutrition/malnourished.SettingPortuguese nursing homes.SubjectsNationally representative sample of the Portuguese population aged 65 years or over living in nursing homes.ResultsA total of 1186 individuals (mean age 83·4 years; 72·8 % women) accepted to participate. According to the Mini Nutritional Assessment, 4·8 (95 % CI 3·2, 7·3) % were identified as malnourished and 38·7 (95 % CI 33·5, 44·2) % were at risk of malnutrition. These percentages increased with age and were significantly higher for women. Logistic regression showed (OR; 95 % CI) that older adults reporting no or little appetite (6·5; 2·7, 15·3), those revealing symptoms of depression (2·6; 1·6, 4·2) and those who were more dependent in their daily living activities (4·7; 2·0, 11·1) were also at higher odds of being malnourished or at risk of malnutrition.ConclusionsMalnutrition and risk of malnutrition are prevalent among nursing home residents in Portugal. It is crucial to routinely screen for nutritional disorders, as well as risk factors such as symptoms of depression and lower functional status, to prevent and treat malnutrition.
Dietary inflammatory index and depression: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhou Yao , Chen Kang , Jing Yuntian , He Jiaan , Sun Hongxiao , Hu Xinhua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of diet, determined by the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) score, and depression.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases up to August 2018. All observational studies that examined the association of the DII score with depression/depressive symptoms were included.SubjectsFour prospective cohorts and two cross-sectional studies enrolling a total of 49 584 subjects.ResultsOverall, individuals in the highest DII v. the lowest DII category had a 23 % higher risk of depression (risk ratio (RR)=1·23; 95 % CI 1·12, 1·35). When stratified by study design, the pooled RR was 1·25 (95 % CI 1·12, 1·40) for the prospective cohort studies and 1·16 (95 % CI 0·96, 1·41) for the cross-sectional studies. Gender-specific analysis showed that this association was observed in women (RR=1·25; 95 % CI 1·09, 1·42) but was not statistically significant in men (RR=1·15; 95 % CI 0·83, 1·59).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis suggests that pro-inflammatory diet estimated by a higher DII score is independently associated with an increased risk of depression, particularly in women. However, more well-designed studies are needed to evaluate whether an anti-inflammatory diet can reduce the risk of depression.