bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЗМІНИ ГЕМОПОЕЗУ В КІСТКОВОМУ МОЗКУ ТА СЕЛЕЗІНЦІ ЩУРІВ WISTARHAN ЯК МЕХАНІЗМ ГЕМАТОТОКСИЧНОЇ ДІЇ ТЕБУКОНАЗОЛУ
Authors: Usenko T. V. , Shulyak V. G. , Prodanchuk M. G. 
Published: November 2018

Вступ. Однією з найбільш застосовуваних діючих речовин фунгіцидів триазольної групи є тебуконазол. Проведені раніше дослідження периферичної крові показали його гематотоксичну дію.
Мета дослідження – вивчити процеси кровотворення в кістковому мозку та селезінці щурів-самців WistarHan при гострій інтоксикації тебуконазолом технічним, 97 %.
Методи дослідження. Статевозрілим щурам-самцям WistarHan, поділеним на контрольну (0 мг/кг) та 2 експериментальні групи, одноразово внутрішньошлунково через зонд було введено токсичну дозу тебуконазолу – 1700 мг/кг маси тіла (1/2 від ЛД50). Периферичну кров досліджували на 0, 1, 3, 7 та 14 постекспозиційні доби. Вивчали гематологічні показники: кількісний вміст еритроцитів та ретикулоцитів, концентрацію гемоглобіну, рівень гематокриту, еритроцитарні індекси, кількість лейкоцитів і тромбоцитів. Гемограму з морфологічною оцінкою клітин крові аналізували в мазках периферичної крові. Гемопоез у кістковому мозку (мієлограма) та селезінці (спленограма) досліджували на 7 і 14 постекспозиційні доби.
Результати й обговорення. Встановлено анемізуючу дію, ретикулоцитопенію та появу макрофагів у периферичній крові. У кістковому мозку відмічено пригнічення еритропоезу з порушенням процесів гемоглобіноутворення в нормоцитах, у селезінці розвинулось екстрамедулярне кровотворення. Встановлено супресивну дію на клітини еозинофільного та базофільного рядів. Спостерігали компенсаторну активізацію нейтрофілопоезу, лімфоцитопоезу та моноцитопоезу в кістковому мозку.
Висновок. Встановлено декілька механізмів гематотоксичної дії тебуконазолу технічного, 97 %: порушення гемоглобіноутворення, депресію еритропоезу з патологічною регенерацією, розвиток екстрамедулярного кровотворення в селезінці та вплив на деякі ланки імунітету.
Evolution of WRF-HAILCAST during the 2014–16 NOAA/Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiments
Authors: Adams-Selin Rebecca D. , Clark Adam J. , Melick Christopher J. , Dembek Scott R. , Jirak Israel L. , Ziegler Conrad L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Four different versions of the HAILCAST hail model have been tested as part of the 2014–16 NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT) Spring Forecasting Experiments. HAILCAST was run as part of the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) WRF Ensemble during 2014–16 and the Community Leveraged Unified Ensemble (CLUE) in 2016. Objective verification using the Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor maximum expected size of hail (MRMS MESH) product was conducted using both object-based and neighborhood grid-based verification. Subjective verification and feedback was provided by HWT participants. Hourly maximum storm surrogate fields at a variety of thresholds and Storm Prediction Center (SPC) convective outlooks were also evaluated for comparison. HAILCAST was found to improve with each version due to feedback from the 2014–16 HWTs. The 2016 version of HAILCAST was equivalent to or exceeded the skill of the tested storm surrogates across a variety of thresholds. The post-2016 version of HAILCAST was found to improve 50-mm hail forecasts through object-based verification, but 25-mm hail forecasting ability declined as measured through neighborhood grid-based verification. The skill of the storm surrogate fields varied widely as the threshold values used to determine hail size were varied. HAILCAST was found not to require such tuning, as it produced consistent results even when used across different model configurations and horizontal grid spacings. Additionally, different storm surrogate fields performed at varying levels of skill when forecasting 25- versus 50-mm hail, hinting at the different convective modes typically associated with small versus large sizes of hail. HAILCAST was able to match results relatively consistently with the best-performing storm surrogate field across multiple hail size thresholds.
Attributes of evidence-based occupational therapists in stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Hallé Marie-Christine , Mylopoulos Maria , Rochette Annie , Vachon Brigitte , Menon Anita , McCluskey Annie , Amari Fatima , Thomas Aliki 
Published: November 2018

Background. A better understanding of the features characterizing expert evidence-based occupational therapists in stroke rehabilitation is needed to inform the design of educational and knowledge translation interventions aimed at addressing research–practice gaps. Purpose. The study aimed to identify the attributes of evidence-based occupational therapy stroke rehabilitation experts from the perspective of their peers. Method. Forty-six occupational therapy clinicians and managers completed an online questionnaire asking them to nominate “outstanding” and “expert evidence-based” occupational therapists in stroke rehabilitation and to explain their choices. A thematic analysis of respondents’ statements was conducted. Findings. Both outstanding and expert evidence-based occupational therapists were perceived to be motivated self-learners; to have extensive knowledge, skills, and experience; to act as scholarly practitioners; to achieve superior client outcomes; and to work in specialized settings. Implications. The development of future strategies supporting occupational therapy students and clinicians to become lifelong learners should take into account key attributes of expertise, such as motivation for continuous learning and professional development.
Using Financial Incentives to Improve Rates of Viral Suppression and Engagement in Care of Patients Receiving HIV Care at 3 Health Clinics in Louisiana: The Health Models Program, 2013-2016
Authors: Brantley Antoine D. , Burgess Samuel , Bickham Jacquelyn , Wendell Deborah , Gruber DeAnn 
Published: November 2018

Objectives: The Care and Prevention in the United States Demonstration Project aimed to reduce HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality among racial/ethnic minority groups in 8 states. We evaluated Health Models, a pay-for-performance program piloted by the Louisiana Department of Health that used financial incentives to improve rates of engagement in HIV medical care and viral suppression among people with HIV. Methods: We enrolled 2076 patients of 3 urban HIV specialty clinics in Louisiana in the Health Models pay-for-performance program on a rolling basis from September 2013 through September 2016 and gave patients cash incentives to attend HIV medical appointments, achieve or maintain viral suppression, and link to supportive services. We used laboratory data collected from Louisiana’s HIV surveillance database to calculate rates of engagement in care and viral suppression during the first 24 months of enrollment. Results: Of the 2076 patients who enrolled, 1400 (67.4%) were non-Hispanic black, 1480 (71.3%) were male, 1175 (56.6%) were men who have sex with men, and 1371 (66.0%) reported an annual income of <$15 000. At enrollment, 1456 (70.1%) patients were engaged in HIV care, and 1197 (57.7%) patients were virally suppressed. After 12 months of enrollment, 1474 of 1783 (82.7%) patients were virally suppressed. Of enrolled patients with at least 12 or 24 months of follow-up data, 1299 of 1317 (98.6%) patients were engaged in care during their first 12 months of enrollment, and 995 of 1033 (96.3%) patients were engaged in care between 12 and 24 months of enrollment. Conclusions: During the implementation of Health Models, enrolled patients had increases in rates of viral suppression and achieved rates of engagement in care and viral suppression that were higher than national levels; however, additional supportive services may be needed to further reduce socioeconomic disparities in the rates of viral suppression.
Injection Laryngoplasty for Children with Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: Procedural Limitations and Swallow Outcomes
Authors: Meister Kara D. , Johnson April , Sidell Douglas R. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveVocal fold immobility with resultant dysphagia is a known cause of morbidity in the pediatric population. Herein we evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of injection laryngoplasty in children.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary academic children's hospital.Subjects and MethodsPatients <12 years of age with unilateral vocal fold immobility, dysphagia, and objective swallow study data were included. Primary outcome measures included perioperative adverse events and the ability to advance the diet, as defined by initiation of oral feeds or reduction in thickener following postoperative swallow study.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort (N = 41) was 43.83 months (range, 0.5‐144 months), and 46.3% of patients were <18 months old. Perioperative adverse events included increased oxygen requirement (n = 3), prolonged operating room time secondary to tenuous cardiopulmonary status (n = 2), and postoperative readmission within 30 days (n = 1). A total of 63.63% (n = 21 of 33) of patients safely advanced their diet following objective improvement on swallow study. Patients undergoing injection laryngoplasty ≤6 months of the onset of vocal fold immobility were more likely to advance their diet following surgery.ConclusionInjection laryngoplasty has the potential to advance or initiate an oral diet for children with vocal fold immobility, including those in the first months of life. It is relatively free of adverse events, but certain limitations in the pediatric population must be considered. Preoperative characteristics, including timing of injection and premorbidity diet, may guide clinicians in predicting those patients most likely to advance their diet following injection laryngoplasty.
Developing Pilot Interventions to Address Food Insecurity and Nutritional Needs of People Living With HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Interinstitutional Approach Using Formative Research
Authors: Derose Kathryn P. , Palar Kartika , Farías Hugo , Adams Jayne , Martínez Homero 
Published: November 2018

Background: Food insecurity and malnutrition present challenges to HIV management, but little research has been done in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Objective: To assess levels of food insecurity and malnutrition among people living with HIV (PLHIV) across multiple countries in LAC to inform pilot projects and policy. Methods: Through interinstitutional collaboration, we collected data on sociodemographics, household food security, anthropometry, and commonly consumed foods among adults seeking care at HIV clinics in Bolivia, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic (DR; N = 400) and used the results for pilot projects. Results: Most PLHIV had moderate or severe household food insecurity (61% in Bolivia, 71% in Honduras, and 68% in DR). Overweight and obesity were also highly prevalent, particularly among women (41%-53% had body mass index ≥25). High body fat was also prevalent, ranging from 36% to 59%. Among salient foods, fruits and vegetables were lacking. Country-specific pilot projects incorporated locally tailored nutrition counseling with a monthly household food ration, linkage to income-generating projects, or urban gardens. Nutritional counseling was conducted initially by professionals and later modified for peer counselors given the lack of nutritionists. Conclusion: High levels of food insecurity and overweight among PLHIV in LAC have important implications, since prior interventions to address food insecurity among PLHIV have focused on underweight and wasting. Formative research and intersectoral collaboration facilitated locally appropriate nutritional materials and interventions, enhanced local capacities, and helped incorporate nutritional guidelines into policies and practice. Addressing human capital constraints in resource-poor settings and developing complementary strategies were key recommendations.
Prevalence and Predictors of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Critically Ill Medical Patients Who Underwent Diagnostic Duplex Ultrasonography
Authors: Gibson Charlisa D. , Colvin Mai O. , Park Michael J. , Lai Qingying , Lin Juan , Negassa Abdissa , Shah Chirag D. , Langston Matthew D. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a recognized but preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the medical intensive care unit (MICU). We examined the prevalence and risk factors for DVT in MICU patients who underwent diagnostic venous duplex ultrasonography (DUS) and the potential effect on clinical outcomes. Methods: This is a retrospective study examining prevalence of DVT in 678 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary care level academic MICU from July 2014 to 2015. Patients who underwent diagnostic DUS were included. Potential conditions of interest were mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, sepsis, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, central venous catheters, prior DVT, and malignancy. Primary outcomes were pulmonary embolism, ICU length of stay, and mortality. Additionally, means of thromboprophylaxis was compared between the groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to determine predictors of DVT occurrence. Results: Of the 678 patients, 243 (36%) patients underwent DUS to evaluate for DVT. The prevalence of DVT was 16% (38) among tested patients, and a prior history of DVT was associated with DVT prevalence ( P < .01). Between cases and controls, there were no significant differences in central venous catheters, mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, sepsis, SOFA scores, malignancy, and recent surgery. Patients receiving chemical prophylaxis had fewer DVTs compared to persons with no prophylaxis (14% vs 29%; P = .01) and persons with dual chemical and mechanical prophylaxis ( P = 0.1). Fourteen percent of patients tested had documented DVT while on chemoprophylaxis. There were no significant differences in ICU length of stay ( P = .35) or mortality ( P = .34). Conclusions: Despite the appropriate use of universal thromboprophylaxis, critically ill nonsurgical patients still demonstrated high rates of DVT. A history of DVT was the sole predictor for development of proximal DVT on DUS testing. Dual chemical and mechanical prophylaxis does not appear to be superior to single-chemical prophylaxis in DVT prevention in this population.
Plasma cytokines as potential biomarkers of kidney damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Pacheco-Lugo L. , Sáenz-García J. , Navarro Quiroz E , González Torres H. , Fang L. , Díaz-Olmos Y. , Garavito de Egea G. , Egea Bermejo E. , Aroca Martínez G. 
Published: November 2018

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by an exacerbated expression of cytokines and chemokines in different tissues and organs. Renal involvement is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus, and its diagnosis is based on renal biopsy, an invasive procedure with a high risk of complications. Therefore, the development of alternative, non-invasive diagnostic tests for kidney disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is a priority. Aim To evaluate the plasma levels of a panel of cytokines and chemokines using multiplex xMAP technology in a cohort of Colombian patients with active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus, and to evaluate their potential as biomarkers of renal involvement. Results Plasma from 40 systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis patients and 80 lupus nephritis patients with different levels of renal involvement were analyzed for 39 cytokines using Luminex xMAP technology. Lupus nephritis patients had significantly increased plasma eotaxin, TNF-α, interleukin-17-α, interleukin-10, and interleukin-15 as compared to the systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis group. Macrophage-derived chemokine, growth regulated oncogene alpha, and epidermal growth factor were significantly elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis patients when compared to lupus nephritis individuals. Plasma eotaxin levels allowed a discrimination between systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis and lupus nephritis patients, for which we performed a receiver operating characteristic curve to confirm. We observed a correlation of eotaxin levels with active nephritis (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index). Our data indicate that circulating cytokines and chemokines could be considered good predictors of renal involvement in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus.
HEART pathway and Emergency Department Assessment of Chest Pain Score–Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol application in a local emergency department of Hong Kong: An external prospective validation study
Authors: Yang Siu Ming , Chan Chi Ho , Chan Tung Ning 
Published: November 2018

Background: The conventional chest pain protocol using thrombolysis in myocardial infarction score as the risk stratifying tool may not perform well in the emergency department in which a mix of low- and high-risk patients are encountered. Newer chest pain scores such as HEART pathway and Emergency Department Assessment of Chest Pain Score–Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol (EDACS-ADP) are found to have high sensitivity with good specificity. Objectives: This study aims to validate and compare two chest pain scores: HEART pathway and EDACS-ADP in the Accident and Emergency Department of a local hospital in Hong Kong. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out at the Accident and Emergency Department of Kwong Wah Hospital in Hong Kong from 1 June 2016 to 31 May 2017. Patients ⩾18 years old with chest pain lasting 5 min or more who were observed with chest pain protocol on observation ward were recruited. Results: A total of 238 patients were recruited; 231 eligible patients completed follow-up. There were five patients with major adverse cardiac events in 30 days of follow-up. The sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values of HEART pathway and EDACS-ADP were 100%, 74.3%, 100% and 100%, 73.5.0% and 100%, respectively. Both scores had almost the same performance in terms of major adverse cardiac events at 30 days (area under the curve = 0.87). Conclusion: Our study showed both EDACS-ADP (modified) and HEART pathway achieved high sensitivity (~100%) for detecting major adverse cardiac events in 30 days while being able to discharge more than 70% of patients as low risk for early discharge.
Informing Human Trafficking Clinical Care Through Two Systematic Reviews on Sexual Assault and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Menon Blaine , Stoklosa Hanni , Van Dommelen Kaylee , Awerbuch Adam , Caddell Luke , Roberts Ken , Potter Jonell 
Published: November 2018

Background: There is a lack of evidence on the clinical management of patients who have suffered human trafficking. Synthesizing the evidence from similar patient populations may provide valuable insight. This review summarizes findings on therapeutic interventions for survivors of sexual assault and intimate partner violence (IPV). Method: We conducted two systematic reviews using the MEDLINE database. We included only randomized controlled trials of therapies with primary outcomes related to health for survivors of sexual assault and IPV. For the sexual assault review, there were 78 abstracts identified, 16 full-text articles reviewed, and 10 studies included. For the IPV review, there were 261 abstracts identified, 24 full-text articles reviewed, and 17 studies included. Analysis compared study size, intervention type, patient population, primary health outcomes, and treatment effect. Results: Although our search included physical and mental health outcomes, almost all the studies meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria focused on mental health. The interventions for sexual assault included spiritually focused group therapy, interference control training, image rehearsal therapy, sexual revictimization prevention, educational videos, cognitive behavioral therapy, and exposure therapy. The interventions in the IPV review included group social support therapy, exposure therapy, empowerment sessions, physician counseling, stress management programs, forgiveness therapy, motivational interviewing, and interpersonal psychotherapy. Conclusions: Insights from these reviews included the importance of culturally specific group therapy, the central role of survivor empowerment, and the overwhelming focus on mental health. These key features provide guidance for the development of interventions to improve the health of human trafficking survivors.
Acute high-intensity interval exercise induces greater levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in obese individuals
Authors: Rodriguez Alexandra L , Whitehurst Michael , Fico Brandon G , Dodge Katelyn M , Ferrandi Peter J , Pena Gabriel , Adelman Avraham , Huang Chun-Jung 
Published: November 2018

Obesity may attenuate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thereby increasing the risk of cognitive dysfunction. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be as or more effective than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) in promoting the expression of BDNF in normal-weight individuals. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine whether or not acute HIIE could be utilized as a practical model to explore the BDNF response in obese versus normal-weight subjects when compared to acute CME. The potential relationship of exercise-induced BDNF with blood lactate and cortisol was also examined. Twelve male subjects (six obese and six normal-weight) participated in a counterbalanced and caloric equated experiment: HIIE (30 min, 4 intervals of 4 min at 80%–90% of VO2max with 3 min of active recovery at 50–60% VO2max) and CME (38 min at 50%–60% VO2max). Blood samples were collected prior to, immediately following exercise, and 1 h into recovery for measurements of serum BDNF, blood lactate, and plasma cortisol. Our results showed that the BDNF response to acute HIIE was greater than CME in obese subjects when compared to normal-weight subjects. Similarly, although acute HIIE induced greater blood lactate and plasma cortisol levels than CME, obese subjects produced less blood lactate, but no difference in cortisol than normal-weight subjects. These findings suggest that acute HIIE may be a more effective protocol to upregulate BDNF expression in an obese population, independent of increased lactate and cortisol levels. Impact statement High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be a time-efficient exercise strategy that provides similar or superior physiological benefits as traditional continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME). Our previous study demonstrated an equivalent elevation on the BDNF response in both obese and normal-weight individuals following 30 min of acute CME. To discover a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve brain health in an obese population, the present study found that obese individuals elicit a greater level of BDNF following acute HIIE versus CME than normal-weight individuals. These findings indicate that acute HIIE may be an effective strategy to upregulate BDNF expression in obese individuals.