bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of oral health in a Portuguese population with mild intellectual disability
Authors: Couto Patrícia , Pereira Paulo Almeida , Nunes Manuel , Mendes Rui Amaral 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsThis study aims to characterize the hygiene habits, the self‐perception of the need for treatment and the oral condition of a population with a disability.Methods and ResultsThis research is part of an observational, cross‐sectional epidemiological study on oral health and quality of life of people with mild intellectual disabilities living in (or attending) institutions of the Central Region of Portugal that were affiliated with HUMANITAS (Portuguese Federation for Mental Disability) in 2016. A sociodemographic and oral health questionnaire, applied on the form of an interview to 240 individuals aged between 18 and 64 years, was used. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0. It was verified that 32.9% of the individuals had less than 20 teeth. Only 15% of all individuals used removable prosthesis. About 21% didn't do oral hygiene daily. Only 28.4% of the sample visited the dentist in the last 6 months. Note that 75.2% of the sample stated their need for dental treatment and less than half (37.4%) described their oral condition as good or superior.ConclusionDental care among adults with intellectual disability is one of the most unattended health needs. Evidence suggests that inadequate oral health habits are more prevalent in the studied population than in the Portuguese population.
Transvaginal laparoscopic ovariectomy in 60 dogs: Description of the technique and comparison with 2‐portal‐access laparoscopic ovariectomy
Authors: Arntz Geert‐Jan H. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a transvaginal laparoscopic ovariectomy (TLOVE) in dogs and compare duration and perioperative complications between TLOVE and 2‐portal‐access laparoscopic OVE (LapOVE).Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsFemale client‐owned dogs (60 in TLOVE group and 202 in LapOVE group) between 6 and 103 months of age with body weights between 10 and 33 kg.MethodsOvariectomy was performed either through a transvaginal approach (TLOVE) or 2‐portal‐access laparoscopy (LapOVE). Dog characteristics (breed, weight, body condition score, age), surgical procedure time, and perioperative complications were compared between groups.ResultsThe time required to complete TLOVE (34.3 ± 9.9 minutes) was longer than that for LapOVE (22.3 ± 3.2 minutes, P < .001). Intraoperative complications were encountered in 3 of 60 dogs undergoing TLOVE and 0 of 202 in the LapOVE group. Postoperative complications were not present in the TLOVE group. Suture dehiscence due to early removal of the Elizabethan collar occurred in 4 dogs after LapOVE.ConclusionTransvaginal laparoscopic OVE was completed without postoperative complications in all dogs of this study although TLOVE took about 15 minutes longer to complete than LapOVE.Clinical significanceTransvaginal laparoscopic OVE provides a minimally invasive surgical alternative for OVE in dogs weighing 10‐33 kg and aged 6‐103 months, eliminating incisions through the abdominal wall, placement of suture material, and application of an Elizabethan collar.
Influence of multiple herbicide resistance on growth in Amaranthus tuberculatus
Authors: Jones E A L , Owen M D K , Leon R G 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPlant defence traits, such as herbicide resistance mutations, may incur a fitness cost to plants that become evident when the trait is not needed. However, individuals with multiple herbicide resistance traits may decrease fitness beyond that of plants with a single herbicide resistance mutation. Multiple herbicide‐resistant (MHR) Amaranthus tuberculatus populations are becoming more prevalent in Midwest United States agroecosystems. The objective was to determine whether selected MHR A. tuberculatus populations express differential development when grown in a herbicide‐free environment. The hypothesis was that MHR A. tuberculatus populations become increasingly less fit when additional herbicide resistances evolve. Multiple herbicide‐resistant and herbicide‐susceptible A. tuberculatus populations were grown in a herbicide‐free field for 20 weeks for two seasons. Differences (P < 0.001) in apical growth were detected 5 and 7 weeks after transplanting for all populations in 2016 and 2017 respectively. Gender and population influenced (P < 0.001) flowering date, with males flowering up to 1.5 weeks earlier than females, but did not cause pollination asynchrony. Shoot biomass was not different (P = 0.84) across A. tuberculatus populations, but there were differences (P < 0.001) for gender and year. Seed production was different amongst A. tuberculatus populations (P = 0.001), but was not influenced by the number of MHR traits. Conversely, a negative quadratic relationship between seed mass and the number of MHR traits was observed (r2 = 0.32; P < 0.001). The experiment results demonstrate that MHR in A. tuberculatus populations is not incurring a fitness penalty that will remove the populations in the immediate future.
Reduction in field emergence and seedbank density of Galinsoga quadriradiata and other weeds after contrasting false seedbed strategies in organic vegetable fields
Authors: De Cauwer B , De Cuypere T , De Ryck S , Delanote L , DeWaele K , Willekens K , Reheul D 
Published: April 2019

SummaryMechanical weed control in low competitive, organic vegetable production systems is challenging, particularly in fields with large populations of Galinsoga spp. (Asteraceae). Various false seedbed techniques are used prior to crop planting or sowing to prevent weed emergence, albeit with variable success. This study investigated the impact of machinery type (flamer, hoe and harrow), number of passes (2 and 4), tillage depth (1–4 cm) and intensity (double and single hoeing, and hoeing with or without additional harrowing) on weed emergence and seedbank density in 0–5 cm topsoil of organic vegetable fields. False seedbed machinery that did not or minimally disturb the soil was most appropriate for preventive control of Galinsoga quadriradiata (Hairy galinsoga) and total weed seeds, with reductions in seedling emergence up to 99% and 73%, respectively, for flaming, and 74% and 67%, respectively, for 1 cm deep hoeing, 1 month after false seedbed creation. Compared with 1 cm deep hoeing, 1 cm deep harrowing was 16% less effective in the control of emerged seedlings, while flaming was highly effective in preventing weed seedling emergence, even after a low number of passes. Tillage intensity was less important than tillage depth for the reduction in weed emergence and seedbank density. Overall, tillage was more effective for seedbank reduction than flaming.
Construction of a high cell density human corneal endothelial equivalent and its transplantation in primate models
Authors: Zhao Jun , Fan Tingjun , Ma Xiya , Hu Xiuzhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecently, many patients with corneal blindness caused by endothelial dysfunction have no opportunity to receive keratoplasty therapy because of the extremely limited number of donor corneas. Corneal tissue engineering opens a new path for in vitro reconstruction of tissue‐engineered HCE which will cure the corneal endotheliopathy by clinical corneal transplantation. In this study, we construct a human corneal endothelium (HCE) equivalent with non‐transfected monoclonal HCE (mcHCE) cells and modified denuded amniotic membrane (mdAM), and evaluate its functions in monkey models.MethodsTissue‐engineered HCE (TE‐HCE) was constructed by culturing DiI‐labeled mcHCE cells on mdAMs in 20% fetal bovine serum‐containing DMEM/Ham’s Nutrient Mixture F12 (1:1) medium and 5% CO2 at 37°C on a 24‐well culture plate. The constructed TE‐HCE was transplanted into monkey corneas via penetrating keratoplasty with Descemet’s membrane and endothelium stripped. The corneal transparency, thickness, and intraocular pressure were monitored in vivo, and the corneal morphology and histological structure were examined ex vivo 181 days after surgery.ResultsThe constructed TE‐HCE, with an average density of 3602.22 ± 45.22 cells/mm2, mimicked its natural counterpart both in morphology and histological structure. In vivo, corneal transparency was maintained, and the corneal thickness gradually decreased to 567.33 ± 72.77 μm at day 181 after TE‐HCE transplanted into monkey eyes, while intense corneal edema and turbid were found in mdAM‐transplanted eyes with their corneal thicknesses maintained over 1000 μm during the monitoring period. Ex vivo, a monolayer of corneal endothelium, consisting of mcHCE cells at a density of 2795.65 ± 156.83 cells/mm2, was reconstructed in transplanted monkey eyes. The cells in the transplanted area had the hexagonal or polygonal morphology and normal ultrastructure, and established plenty of cell‐cell and cell‐stromal matrix junctions. Besides, huge membrane‐bounded flat stacks with electric dense inclusions were found in mcHCE cells beneath the plasma membrane at the stromal side.ConclusionsThe constructed TE‐HCE has normal histological property and functions well in monkey models. The TE‐HCE could be used as a promising HCE equivalent in therapy of corneal endothelium dysfunction and corneal regenerative medicine.
Justification of specific genetic modifications in pigs for clinical organ xenotransplantation
Authors: Cooper David K. C. , Hara Hidetaka , Iwase Hayato , Yamamoto Takayuki , Li Qi , Ezzelarab Mohamed , Federzoni Elena , Dandro Amy , Ayares David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractXenotransplantation research has made considerable progress in recent years, largely through the increasing availability of pigs with multiple genetic modifications. We suggest that a pig with nine genetic modifications (ie, currently available) will provide organs (initially kidneys and hearts) that would function for a clinically valuable period of time, for example, >12 months, after transplantation into patients with end‐stage organ failure. The national regulatory authorities, however, will likely require evidence, based on in vitro and/or in vivo experimental data, to justify the inclusion of each individual genetic modification in the pig. We provide data both from our own experience and that of others on the advantages of pigs in which (a) all three known carbohydrate xenoantigens have been deleted (triple‐knockout pigs), (b) two human complement‐regulatory proteins (CD46, CD55) and two human coagulation‐regulatory proteins (thrombomodulin, endothelial cell protein C receptor) are expressed, (c) the anti‐apoptotic and “anti‐inflammatory” molecule, human hemeoxygenase‐1 is expressed, and (d) human CD47 is expressed to suppress elements of the macrophage and T‐cell responses. Although many alternative genetic modifications could be made to an organ‐source pig, we suggest that the genetic manipulations we identify above will all contribute to the success of the initial clinical pig kidney or heart transplants, and that the beneficial contribution of each individual manipulation is supported by considerable experimental evidence.
Repeated Impacts Diminish the Impact Performance of Equestrian Helmets
Authors: Mattacola Carl G. , Quintana Carolina , Crots Jed , Tumlin Kimberly I. , Bonin Stephanie 
Published: April 2019

Context: During thoroughbred races, jockeys are placed in potentially injurious situations, often with inadequate safety equipment. Jockeys frequently sustain head injuries; therefore, it is important that they wear appropriately certified helmets. Objective: The goals of this study are (1) to perform impact attenuation testing according to ASTM F1163-15 on a sample of equestrian helmets commonly used by jockeys in the United States and (2) to quantify headform acceleration and residual crush after repeat impacts at the same location. Participants and Design: Seven helmet models underwent impact attenuation testing according to ASTM F1163-15. A second sample of each helmet model underwent repeat impacts at the crown location for a total of 4 impacts. Setting: Laboratory. Intervention: Each helmet was impacted against a flat and equestrian hazard anvil. Main Outcome Measures: Headform acceleration was recorded during all impact and computed tomography scans were performed preimpact and after impacts 1 and 4 on the crown to quantify liner thickness. Results: Four helmets had 1 impact that exceeded the limit of 300g. During the repeated crown impacts, acceleration remained below 300g for the first and second impacts for all helmets, while only one helmet remained below 300g for all impacts. Foam liner thickness was reduced between 5% and 39% after the first crown impact and between 33% and 70% after the fourth crown impact. Conclusions: All riders should wear a certified helmet and replace it after sustaining a head impact. Following an impact, expanded polystyrene liners compress, and their ability to attenuate head acceleration during subsequent impacts to the same location is reduced. Replacing an impacted helmet may reduce a rider’s head injury risk.
Petrogenesis of the southern Qiangtang mafic dykes, Tibet: Link to a late Paleozoic mantle plume on the northern margin of Gondwana?
Authors: Wang Ming , Li Cai , Zeng Xiao-Wen , Li Hang , Fan Jian-Jun , Xie Chao-Ming , Hao Yu-Jie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study presents 13 new U-Pb zircon ages obtained by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) together with whole-rock geochemical, Sr-Nd isotopic and zircon Hf isotopic data for a mafic dike swarm in the southern Qiangtang area of Tibet. These data provide the basis for a new model of the late Paleozoic evolution of the Tethys. Combined with the results of previous zircon U-Pb dating, the magmatic zircon grains extracted from mafic dikes yield latest Carboniferous to Early Permian ages (317–279 Ma). The geochemistry of the southern Qiangtang mafic rocks indicates the presence of low-Ti (QLT) and high-Ti (QHT) suites. The magmas that formed the QLT suite underwent higher degrees of partial melting (>5%) and display evidence of crustal contamination, whereas the QHT suite was derived from magmas generated by low-degree (1%–5%) partial melting of a garnet-bearing mantle source, with a greater extent of fractional crystallization than the QLT suite, and no evidence of crustal contamination. We propose that the QHT and QLT suites may have been derived from magmas from different parts of a single mantle plume. The formation of the southern Qiangtang mafic dikes (latest Carboniferous to Early Permian; 317–279 Ma) may have been related to the northward drift of the Cimmerian continent from the northern Gondwana margin, which resulted in the opening of the Meso-Tethys Ocean.
A structural model for the South Tibetan detachment system in northwestern Bhutan from integration of temperature, fabric, strain, and kinematic data
Authors: Long Sean P. , Mullady Connor L. , Starnes Jesslyn K. , Gordon Stacia M. , Larson Kyle P. , Pianowski Laura S. , Miller Robert B. , Soignard Emmanuel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite playing a fundamental role in all models of Himalayan tectonics, minimal data constraining the structural evolution, metamorphic history, and offset magnitude of the South Tibetan detachment system (STDS) are available. Here, we integrate petrofabric, finite strain, and kinematic data with metamorphic and deformation temperatures to generate a structural model for the STDS in northwestern Bhutan. We divide the STDS into an ∼2-km-thick lower level that accommodated ∼6–13 km of thinning via ≥30–76 km of simple shear-dominant displacement within Greater Himalayan rocks, and an ∼3-km-thick upper level that accommodated ≥21 km of displacement via an upward decrease (from 44% to 2%) in transport-parallel lengthening within Tethyan Himalayan rocks. Peak metamorphic temperatures in the lower level are ∼650–750 °C, and two distinct intervals of telescoped isotherms in the upper level define a cumulative upward decrease from ∼700 to ∼325 °C. These intervals are separated by an abrupt upward increase from ∼450 to ∼620 °C, which we interpret as the result of post-STDS thrust repetition. Above the upper telescoped interval, temperatures gradually decrease upward from ∼325 to ∼250 °C through a 7-km-thick section of overlying Tethyan Himalayan rocks. Telescoped isotherms lie entirely above the high-strain lower level of the STDS zone, which we attribute to progressive elevation of isotherms during protracted intrusion of granite sills. This study demonstrates the utility of using gradients in fabric intensity and thin section-scale finite strain to delineate shear zone boundaries when field criteria for delineating strain gradients are not apparent.
Dysautonomia and hyponatraemia as harbingers of Guillain-Barre syndrome
Authors: Shah Preet Mukesh , Dhakre Vijay Waman , Veerasuri Ramya , Bhabhor Anand 
Published: April 2019

A 56-year-old woman with a medical history of hypertension presented to our hospital with back pain, abdominal pain, vomiting and elevated blood pressure. The laboratory parameters including evaluation for secondary hypertension were within normal ranges at the time of presentation. During her hospitalisation, fluctuations in her blood pressure and pulse were observed which were attributed to autonomic disturbances, the cause of which was unknown. On the seventh day after presentation to the hospital, the patient developed focal seizures and slurred speech which was believed to be secondary to hyponatraemia detected at that time. Hyponatraemia improved with hypertonic saline and she experienced no further seizures. On the eighth day of her admission, she developed acute flaccid paralysis of all her limbs and respiratory distress. We concluded this to be secondary to Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). She responded to plasmapheresis.The presence of dysautonomia and hyponatraemia before the onset of paralysis makes this a rare presentation of GBS.
Doubles trouble-85 cases of ocular trauma in badminton: clinical features and prevention
Authors: Yu Jie , Chen Yan , Miao Jingpeng , Zhao Meng , Keng Caixia , Wang Xiaojie , Guo Jianjun , Liu Yi 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo describe ocular injuries caused by badminton and to explore the implications for future prevention strategies.MethodsWe enrolled 85 patients with ocular trauma caused by badminton. Information collected from patients included type of game, instigator, instrument of injury and lessons in badminton from a professional, and ocular trauma information such as type of injury, treatment and final outcomes.ResultsThe 85 patients (52 men, 33 women) were aged 15–65 years with an average age of 42.9 (±10.7) years. In 60 cases the player was hit by a shuttlecock and in 25 the player was hit by a racquet. 73 cases occurred in doubles matches and 10 in singles matches. In 31 cases the trauma was caused by an opponent and in 52 cases by a partner; 2 cases involved bystanders, not players. About 70% (43/61) of the injured and 82% (40/49) of the instigators had not received badminton lessons from a professional. 80 injuries were non-penetrating and 5 were penetrating. There were 58 cases with hyphaema, 36 with secondary glaucoma, 23 with lens subluxation and 2 with retinal detachment. Surgery comprised phacoemulsification or lensectomy and vitrectomy in 16 cases, silicone oil tamponade in 2 cases, trabeculectomy in 3 cases and direct cyclopexy in 5 cases.ConclusionThe vast majority of the badminton related eye injuries occurred among doubles players and were instigated by the injured person’s partner. Non-penetrating injury was more frequent; penetrating injury was usually more serious. We recommend that badminton players use protective eyewear and receive safety education and professional coaching/instruction on techniques to protect against serious eye injuries.
Diabetes in pregnancy in associations with perinatal and postneonatal mortality in First Nations and non-Indigenous populations in Quebec, Canada: population-based linked birth cohort study
Authors: Chen Lu , Wang Wen-Juan , Auger Nathalie , Xiao Lin , Torrie Jill , McHugh Nancy Gros-Louis , Luo Zhong-Cheng 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveBoth pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM, GDM) occur more frequently in First Nations (North American Indians) pregnant women than their non-Indigenous counterparts in Canada. We assessed whether the impacts of PGDM and GDM on perinatal and postneonatal mortality may differ in First Nations versus non-Indigenous populations.DesignA population-based linked birth cohort study.Setting and participants17 090 First Nations and 217 760 non-Indigenous singleton births in 1996–2010, Quebec, Canada.Main outcome measuresRelative risks (RR) of perinatal and postneonatal death. Perinatal deaths included stillbirths and neonatal (0–27 days of postnatal life) deaths; postneonatal deaths included infant deaths during 28–364 days of life.ResultsPGDM and GDM occurred much more frequently in First Nations (3.9% and 10.7%, respectively) versus non-Indigenous (1.1% and 4.8%, respectively) pregnant women. PGDM was associated with an increased risk of perinatal death to a much greater extent in First Nations (RR=5.08[95% CI 2.99 to 8.62], p<0.001; absolute risk (AR)=21.6 [8.6–34.6] per 1000) than in non-Indigenous populations (RR=1.76[1.17, 2.66], p=0.003; AR=4.2[0.2, 8.1] per 1000). PGDM was associated with an increased risk of postneonatal death in non-Indigenous (RR=3.46[1.71, 6.99], p<0.001; AR=2.4[0.1, 4.8] per 1000) but not First Nations (RR=1.16[0.28, 4.77], p=0.35) infants. Adjusting for maternal and pregnancy characteristics, the associations were similar. GDM was not associated with perinatal or postneonatal death in both groups.ConclusionsThe study is the first to reveal that PGDM may increase the risk of perinatal death to a much greater extent in First Nations versus non-Indigenous populations, but may substantially increase the risk of postneonatal death in non-Indigenous infants only. The underlying causes are unclear and deserve further studies. We speculate that population differences in the quality of glycaemic control in diabetic pregnancies and/or genetic vulnerability to hyperglycaemia’s fetal toxicity may be contributing factors.
Quantitative examination of the bone health status of older adults with intellectual and developmental disability in Ireland: a cross-sectional nationwide study
Authors: Burke Éilish , Carroll Rachael , O’Dwyer Máire , Walsh James Bernard , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary 
Published: April 2019

Objectives(1) To investigate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and (2) to examine alternative optimal bone screening techniques.DesignObservational cross-sectional study.SettingWave 2 (2013–2106) of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.ParticipantsA national representative sample of 604 male and female persons with ID aged 43 years and over. In total, 575 participants completed quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements for one or both feet.Outcome measuresParticipants underwent health assessments consisting of eight objective health measures including the standardised QUS of the calcaneus bone using a GE Lunar Achilles. A preinterview questionnaire and face-to-face interview were also completed.ResultsObjectively QUS identified poorer rates of bone health in people with ID overall with 74% indicating evidence of osteopenia (33.2%) or osteoporosis (41%). Females scored lower than males in the QUS t-scores −2.208 (±1.77) versus −1.78(±1.734). Bone status was stratified by gender (p=0.114), age (p=0.003), level of ID (p<0.0001) and living circumstance (p<0.0001).ConclusionsThis study has shown the prevalence of poor bone health in people with ID is substantial implying an increased risk of fracture due to reduced skeletal integrity. QUS screening has been shown to be useful when combined with clinical risk factors.