bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fashion suX: A Story of Anger as (Un)Sustainable Energy
Authors: von Busch Otto 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Fashion suX is an artistic research project of imaginative utopia creation in the tradition of Thomas More. But instead of an imaginary society on an island, the project explores how a radically different fashion culture could emerge in the footsteps of hardcore and Straight Edge metal. The project specifically examines the underground fashion and craft movement that called themselves suXers (sometimes referred to as “sustainable fashion Straight Edge”). Radically opposing the “do-good” ethics of consumerist sustainability, the suXers embody an ethic that imbues not only clothes and lifestyle but also an infuriated rejection of the fashion system's sartorial betrayal. Opposition needs other motivations than pure virtue, and anger can be one such motivation, as exemplified by the suXers.
Mending and Anatomy: Making Your Hands Knowledgeable
Authors: Pym Celia 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Celia Pym writes about her work with mending and repair and partnered Parallel Practices project with Richard Wingate, Head of Anatomy at King's College London. The project placed darning and mending into the heart of the college's dissecting room. Ideas about care, tenderness, darning and value of working with your hands are explored.
Petit Pli: Clothes that Grow
Authors: Yasin Ryan Mario 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
The fast fashion model has pushed the industry into a wasteful cycle, driven by the constant demand for new. This article discusses an attempt at engineering a garment that would help reduce our consumption and simultaneously offer a more desirable garment for its specific tailored design & features, while still being commercially viable to manufacture. The concept of Petit Pli is built upon using materials resourcefully; because the garments grow up to seven sizes, parents are buying one garment, not seven. This all amounts to a reduction in material and energy waste at production, labour, transportation, and waste at end of life. Petit Pli also hopes to work on a psychological level, by instilling slow-fashion values in growing children and new parents, who are both at a new stage of life where they are exposed and open to learning new habits.
Attitudes of Jordanian Undergraduate Students towards Using Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL)
Authors: Alrazeq Saeed Farah Jamal Abed 
Published: March 2018

The study aimed at investigating the attitudes of Jordanian undergraduate students towards using computer assisted -language learning (CALL) and its effectiveness in the process of learning the English language. In order to fulfill the study’s objective, the researchers used a questionnaire to collect data, followed-up with semi-structured interviews to investigate the students’ beliefs towards CALL. Twenty- one of Jordanian BA students majoring in English language and literature were selected according to simple random sampling. The results revealed positive attitudes towards CALL in facilitating the process of writing assignments, gaining information; making learning enjoyable; improving their creativity, productivity, academic achievement, critical thinking skills, and enhancing their knowledge about vocabulary grammar, and culture. Furthermore, they believed that computers can motivate them to learn English language and help them to communicate and interact with their teachers and colleagues. The researchers recommended conducting a research on the same topic, taking into consideration the variables of age, gender, experience in using computers, and computer skills.
Expression pattern of Wif1 and β-catenin during development of anorectum in fetal rats with anorectal malformations
Authors: Tang Xiao Bing , Li Huan , Zhang Jin , Wang Wei Lin , Yuan Zheng Wei , Bai Yu Zuo 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This study was performed to investigate the expression pattern of Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1) and β-catenin during anorectal development in normal and anorectal malformation (ARM) embryos and the possible role of Wif1 and β-catenin in the pathogenesis of ARM.

Methods
ARM was induced with ethylenethiourea on the 10th gestational day in rat embryos. Cesarean deliveries were performed to harvest the embryos. The expression pattern of Wif1 and β-catenin protein and mRNA was evaluated in normal rat embryos (n = 288) and ARM rat embryos (n = 306) from GD13 to GD16 using immunohistochemical staining, Western blot, and real time RT-PCR.

Results
Immunohistochemical staining revealed that in normal embryos Wif1 was constantly expressed in the cloaca from GD13 to GD16. On GD13 and GD14, Wif1-immunopositive cells were extensively expressed in the cloaca. On GD15, the expression of Wif1 were mainly detected on the very thin anal membrane. In ARM embryos, the epithelium of the hindgut and urorectal septum demonstrated faint immunostaining for Wif1 from GD14 to GD16. Western blot and real time RT-PCR revealed that Wif1 and β-catenin protein and mRNA expression level was significantly decreased in the ARM groups compared with the normal group on GD14 and GD15 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the expression pattern of Wif1 and β-catenin was disrupted in ARM embryos during anorectal morphogenesis, which demonstrated that downregulation of Wif1 and β-catenin at the time of cloacal separation into the primitive rectum and urogenital septum might related to the development of ARM.
CANADA – UNITED STATES (SALISH SEA) SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATIONS: A COMPARISON REVISITED
Authors: Knutson Scott , Dougans Craig 
Published: March 2018

Abstract number: 2017-102The Salish Sea comprises the North American inland marine waters of Washington State and British Columbia; an international border between Canada and the United States intersects it. Planning for oil spills that threaten to cross the international border is under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) and the United States Coast Guard (USCG) as described in the Canada-United States Joint Marine Contingency Plan. As Canadian companies gain approval to construct new pipelines to move oil-sands-derived crude oil from the landlocked province of Alberta to the tidewater province of British Columbia, governments, agencies and citizens are publicly questioning whether current levels of oil spill preparedness and response equipment will be adequate for the increased tanker traffic from Canadian ports. These stakeholders may likewise be unaware of forthcoming spill prevention and response enhancements, by the Canadian government and industry, associated with new energy infrastructure projects.This paper will expand on a 2014 IOSC paper entitled CANADA – UNITED STATES (SALISH SEA) SPILL RESPONSE ORGANIZATIONS: A COMPARISON,1 which was a snapshot of regulations, actual inventories and philosophies that made up the 2014 response picture for the south Salish Sea shared between Canada and the United States. In order to see the entire picture, the reader is encouraged to have both documents at hand.2 The updated paper reviews changes to American Oil Spill Response Organization (OSRO) and Canadian Response organization (RO) equipment inventories, changes to the Canada Shipping Act 2001, Canada's new Oceans Protection Plan (OPP), United States newly implemented non-floating oil ORSO classification, Washington State's oil spill contingency plans and the future buildup of response equipment and personnel.
What makes a great oil spill forecast?
Authors: Griffiths Jonathan , Harrington-Missin Liam , Hall Sarah 
Published: March 2018

Abstract (ID2017-190)This paper identifies the key information that should be included in an operational oil spill forecast. It shows how modellers convert huge quantities of data into a readily accessible modelling forecast report that can be rapidly interpreted and incorporated into the incident action plan.Effective response strategies can minimise the potentially devastating consequences of an oil spill. To protect nearby socio-economic and ecological sensitivities a response strategy needs to be implemented quickly.Oil spill forecasts help predict the behaviour of oil that has been spilled into the marine environment. These predictions are highly useful when planning response strategies for the coming days. Key operational information derived from oil spill forecasts can be broken down into two main areas:1. Where is oil expected to travel?By knowing where oil is expected to travel, response organisations can decide which sensitivities need protection. Forecasts will show if oil is predicted to reach fisheries, shorelines and other important resources. This information can be used within a Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) to decide which sensitivities to prioritise for protection.2. What is expected to happen to the physical properties of the spilled oil?Once oil enters the marine environment it is subjected to weathering processes such as spreading, evaporation and biodegradation. These processes change the chemical makeup of the oil which usually becomes more viscous and can form emulsion. Information obtained from modelling can help decision makers choose the correct response options and equipment to use during a spill. For example, if a modelling forecast shows oil is likely to become highly viscous responders will know heavy oil skimmers will be needed if offshore recovery is to take place.The information referred to above can be extracted from the vast amount of data that is created when an oil spill model is run. As Incident Managers need to make informed decisions quickly, it is essential that oil spill forecasts are presented in a clear and concise fashion. From experience, it is often this extra step of making the data easily accessible to the decision maker that is overlooked and is of most value in a response.This means that response modellers need to be trained, not only in the science of oil spill modelling, but also in the art of conveying complex information to a range of end users from oil spill experts to interested members of the public.
Improving Safety for Gulf Oil Spill Responders: Individual and Organizational Factors Impacting the Effectiveness of Health and Safety Training
Authors: Sarpy Sue Ann , Burke Michael , Rabito Felicia , Hughes Joseph “Chip” 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT ID: 2017-197In response to the Deepwater Horizon disaster and resulting Gulf of Mexico oil spill (GOS), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) facilitated the conduct of health and safety training and development of training materials for over 147,000 cleanup workers (e.g., on-shore and off-shore volunteers, technical specialists) across four Gulf States. Of the approximately 47,000 trained workers who engaged in cleanup activities, 507 workers participated in a training evaluation effort (facilitated by community-based organizations) by completing the GOS Training Evaluation Survey. Survey respondents were primarily male from six racial/ethnic groups: Black, White, Asian (Vietnamese), Isleno, Hispanic, and Native American.The evaluation results demonstrate that, overall, the GOS training was very effective in enhancing trainee knowledge and environmental cleanup behaviors, and it had a meaningful impact on responder safety. Notably, when considering results stratified by workers' ethnicity/race, responders from sub-populations most vulnerable to the effects of the oil spill were not as positively affected by the training. Related, the results also indicated that the social and organizational aspects of the worksite, such as safety climate/culture, supported or inhibited the exhibition of safety behaviors learned during training. Results will be discussed with respect to making quality improvements to responder safety training, identifying best practices, and making better use of available resources and strategies.
Heat and Fluid Transport Induced by Convective Fluid Circulation Within a Fracture or Fault
Authors: Patterson J. W. , Driesner T. , Matthai S. , Tomlinson R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNatural water convection in subvertical fractures, fracture zones, or faults can perturb the temperature field around the fracture and enhance and focus vertical heat flow within. We investigate, by means of numerical simulation, the effects of convection in a deeply buried vertical fracture zone. Fracture zone transmissivity, defined as permeability times thickness of the permeable region, is found to be the primary control on convection style rather than fracture zone thickness or permeability alone. In an impermeable host rock, the convection‐induced thermal anomaly propagates solely via conduction, diminishing away from the fracture. Convective heat flow increases with fracture transmissivity up to ~10−8 m3, when a plateau in convective heat flow is reached, constrained by fracture size and the host rock's thermal conductivity. Permeable host rocks modify these results significantly. In a moderately permeable host rock (10−14 m2), convection in the fracture induces non‐Rayleigh fluid convection, while thermal effects and fluid exchange between host rock and fracture remain moderate. If the host rock is sufficiently permeable to allow porous medium Rayleigh convection to occur (10−13 m2), the convection patterns within the fracture are overprinted by the host's convective patterns. Fluid exchange between the fracture and the rock will be significant. Our findings provide insight into how thermal anomalies in the uppermost crust may relate to locally enhanced heat flow from convection in nonoutcropping fractures below. Furthermore, the results for permeable host rocks provide evidence for previously inferred hydrologic scenarios for the formation of certain hydrothermal, vein‐type mineral deposits.
Uncertainty Assessment of Synthetic Design Hydrographs for Gauged and Ungauged Catchments
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Sikorska Anna E. , Furrer Reinhard , Favre Anne‐Catherine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDesign hydrographs described by peak discharge, hydrograph volume, and hydrograph shape are essential for engineering tasks involving storage. Such design hydrographs are inherently uncertain as are classical flood estimates focusing on peak discharge only. Various sources of uncertainty contribute to the total uncertainty of synthetic design hydrographs for gauged and ungauged catchments. These comprise model uncertainties, sampling uncertainty, and uncertainty due to the choice of a regionalization method. A quantification of the uncertainties associated with flood estimates is essential for reliable decision making and allows for the identification of important uncertainty sources. We therefore propose an uncertainty assessment framework for the quantification of the uncertainty associated with synthetic design hydrographs. The framework is based on bootstrap simulations and consists of three levels of complexity. On the first level, we assess the uncertainty due to individual uncertainty sources. On the second level, we quantify the total uncertainty of design hydrographs for gauged catchments and the total uncertainty of regionalizing them to ungauged catchments but independently from the construction uncertainty. On the third level, we assess the coupled uncertainty of synthetic design hydrographs in ungauged catchments, jointly considering construction and regionalization uncertainty. We find that the most important sources of uncertainty in design hydrograph construction are the record length and the choice of the flood sampling strategy. The total uncertainty of design hydrographs in ungauged catchments depends on the catchment properties and is not negligible in our case.
Wide Bandgap Molecular Acceptors with a Truxene Core for Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells: Linkage Position on Molecular Configuration and Photovoltaic Properties
Authors: Wu Wenlin , Zhang Guangjun , Xu Xiaopeng , Wang Shichao , Li Ying , Peng Qiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo wide bandgap star‐shaped small molecular acceptors, para‐TrBRCN and meta‐TrBRCN, are synthesized for efficient nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs). The tiny structural variation by just changing the linkage positions affects largely the inherent properties of the resulting molecules. Both molecules have a nonplanar 3D structure, which can prevent the excessively aggregation to realize the optimized morphology and ideal domain size in their active blends. Compared to para‐TrBRCN, meta‐TrBRCN exhibits the smaller distortions between the truxene skeleton and the benzothiadiazole units, which would also lead to the enhanced π–π stacking and charge transfer. When blending with PTB7‐Th, high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 10.15% and 8.28% are obtained for meta‐TrBRCN and para‐TrBRCN devices, respectively. To make up the weak absorption of above binary active blend in the longer wavelength region and increase the whole device performance further, low bandgap 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone)‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylthienyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]‐dithiophene (ITIC‐Th) is added as the second acceptor material to fabricate ternary blend PSCs. After adding 20 wt% of ITIC‐Th, the resulting devices exhibit the well‐balanced optical absorption and fine‐tuned morphology, giving rise to the significantly improved PCE of 11.40% with much higher J
sc of 18.25 mA cm−2 and fill factor of 70.2%.
Biodegradable Inverse Opals with Controlled Discoloration
Authors: Kim Ji‐Won , Lee Joon‐Seok , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractColloidal crystals and their derivatives possess photonic bandgap property, being useful in various applications, including structural coloration and colorimetric sensing. In this work, inverse opals made of a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), are prepared to provide a controlled discoloration. To make PLGA inverse opals, a monolayer of silica particles is first deposited on the surface of PLGA film by spin coating, which is then partially embedded into the film by thermal annealing. Opal is deposited on the monolayer‐coated PLGA film by dip coating and then embedded into the underlying PLGA film. Selective removal of silica particles leaves behind a face‐centered cubic lattice of air cavity in PLGA matrix. The inverse opals whose framework is made of PLGA exhibit a pronounced structural color in dried state. When they are subjected to water, PLGA degrades by hydrolysis of ester groups, which results in the gradual discoloration. The discoloration rate is controllable by varying the pH of surrounding medium and cavity sizes, so that it can act as a colorimetric indicator of valid periods for drugs, foods, and cosmetics. In addition, high biocompatibility and unique optical appearance further render the inverse opals useful as edible anticounterfeiting materials for valuable drugs.
A Palladium NNC‐Pincer Complex as an Efficient Catalyst Precursor for the Mizoroki−Heck Reaction
Authors: Hamasaka Go , Ichii Shun , Uozumi Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Mizoroki−Heck reaction of aryl halides (iodides, bromides, or chlorides) with activated alkenes in the presence of a palladium NNC‐pincer complex at ppb to ppm loadings gave the corresponding internal alkenes in excellent yields. The total turnover number and turnover frequency reached up to 8.70×108 and 1.21×107 h−1 (3.36×103 s−1), respectively. The catalyst was applied in a ten‐gram‐scale synthesis of the UV‐B sunscreen agent octinoxate (2‐ethylhexyl 4‐methoxycinnamate). Reaction‐rate analyses, transmission electron microscopic examination of the reaction mixture, and poisoning tests suggested that a monomeric palladium species is the catalytically active species in the catalytic cycle.magnified image
Intercontinental dispersal and whole‐genome duplication contribute to loss of self‐incompatibility in a polyploid complex
Authors: Sutherland Brittany L. , Quarles Brandie M. , Galloway Laura F. 
Published: March 2018

Premise of the StudyAngiosperm species often shift from self‐incompatibility to self‐compatibility following population bottlenecks. Across the range of a species, population bottlenecks may result from multiple factors, each of which may affect the geographic distribution and magnitude of mating‐system shifts. We describe how intercontinental dispersal and genome duplication facilitate loss of self‐incompatibility.MethodsSelf and outcross pollinations were performed on plants from 24 populations of the Campanula rotundifolia polyploid complex. Populations spanned the geographic distribution and three dominant cytotypes of the species (diploid, tetraploid, hexaploid).Key ResultsLoss of self‐incompatibility was associated with both intercontinental dispersal and genome duplication. European plants were largely self‐incompatible, whereas North American plants were intermediately to fully self‐compatible. Within both European and North American populations, loss of self‐incompatibility increased as ploidy increased. Ploidy change and intercontinental dispersal both contributed to loss of self‐incompatibility in North America, but range expansion did not affect self‐incompatibility within Europe or North America.ConclusionsWhen species are subject to population bottlenecks arising through multiple factors, each factor can contribute to self‐incompatibility loss. In a widespread polyploid complex, the loss of self‐incompatibility can be predicted by the cumulative effects of whole‐genome duplication and intercontinental dispersal.
Übereinstimmende Muster in Chaperon‐Interaktionen mit einem nativen Klientenprotein
Authors: He Lichun , Hiller Sebastian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractViele molekulare Chaperone sind promiskuitiv und interagieren mit einer Vielzahl von ungefalteten, quasi‐nativen und nativen Klientenproteinen. Dabei sind die Mechanismen, wie die Chaperone die unterschiedlichen Strukturen nativer Klienten erkennen, weiterhin rätselhaft. In dieser Arbeit untersuchten wir auf atomarer Ebene, wie drei ATP‐unabhängige Chaperone mit der β‐Faltblatt‐reichen Fyn‐SH3‐Domäne interagieren. Die Daten zeigen, dass das Chaperon Spy die lokal frustrierte Oberfläche des Klienten Fyn‐SH3 erkennt und dass die Interaktion transient und hochdynamisch ist, so dass die mit dem Chaperon wechselwirkende Oberfläche auf Fyn‐SH3 lösungsmittelzugänglich bleibt. Die beiden weiteren molekularen Chaperone SurA und Skp erkennen die gleiche, lokal frustrierte Stelle auf der Oberfläche der Fyn‐SH3‐Domäne. Diese Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass der Interaktion von Chaperonen mit nativen Klienten als gemeinsamer Mechanismus eine dynamische Erkennung frustrierter Segmente zugrunde liegt, der auch die Grundlage für die Promiskuität der Chaperone bildet.
Chelating N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Enable Tuning of Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate and Carbon Monoxide: Surface Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Cao Zhi , Derrick Jeffrey S. , Xu Jun , Gao Rui , Gong Ming , Nichols Eva M. , Smith Peter T. , Liu Xingwu , Wen Xiaodong , Copéret Christophe , Chang Christopher J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractReported here is the chelate effect as a design principle for tuning heterogeneous catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction. Palladium functionalized with a chelating tris‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand (Pd‐timtmbMe) exhibits a 32‐fold increase in activity for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C1 products with high Faradaic efficiency (FEC1=86 %) compared to the parent unfunctionalized Pd foil (FE=23 %), and with sustained activity relative to a monodentate NHC‐ligated Pd electrode (Pd‐mimtmbMe). The results highlight the contributions of the chelate effect for tailoring and maintaining reactivity at molecular‐materials interfaces enabled by surface organometallic chemistry.