bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of polygenic risk score and childhood adversity on transdiagnostic symptom dimensions at first-episode psychosis: evidence for an affective pathway to psychosis
Authors: Alameda Luis , Rodriguez Victoria , Di Forti Marta , Spinazzola Edoardo , Trotta Giulia , Arango Celso , Arrojo Manuel , Bernardo Miguel , Bobes Julio , de Haan Lieuwe , Del-Ben Cristina Marta , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Sideli Lucia , Jones Peter B. , Kirkbride James B. , La Cascia Caterina , Tripoli Giada , Ferraro Laura , La Barbera Daniele , Lasalvia Antonio , Tosato Sarah , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Menezes Paulo Rossi , van Os Jim , Rutten Bart P. , Santos Jose Luis , Sanjuán Julio , Selten Jean-Paul , Szöke Andrei , Tarricone Ilaria , Tortelli Andrea , Velthorst Eva , Jongsma Hannah E. , Vassos Evangelos , Quattrone Diego , Murray Robin M. , Aas Monica 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChildhood adversity is associated with various clinical dimensions in psychosis; however, how genetic vulnerability shapes the adversity-associated psychopathological signature is yet to be studied. We studied data of 583 First Episode Psychosis (FEP) cases from the EU-GEI FEP case-control study, including Polygenic risk scores for major depressive disorder (MDD-PRS), bipolar disorder (BD-PRS) and schizophrenia (SZ-PRS); childhood adversity measured with the total score of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ); and positive, negative, depressive and manic psychopathological domains from a factor model of transdiagnostic dimensions. Genes and environment interactions were explored as a departure from a multiplicative effect of PRSs and total CTQ on each dimension. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, 10 PCA, site of recruitment and for medication. A childhood adversity and PRS multiplicative interaction was observed between A) the CTQ and MDD-PRS on the predominance of positive (β = 0.42, 95% CI = [0.155, 0.682], p = 0.004); and depressive (β = 0.33, 95% CI = [0.071, 0.591], p = 0.013) dimensions; B) between the CTQ and BD-PRS on the positive dimension (β = 0.45, 95% CI = [0.106, 0.798], p = 0.010), and C) with the CTQ and SZ-PRS on the positive dimension (β = −0.34, 95% CI = [−0.660, −0.015], p = 0.040). Bonferroni corrected p-value of significance was set at 0.0125. In conclusion, despite being underpowered, this study suggests that genetic liability for MDD and BD may have a moderating effect on the sensibility of childhood adversity on depressive and positive psychotic dimensions. This supports the hypothesis of an affective pathway to psychosis in those exposed to childhood adversity.
Metabolic gatekeepers: harnessing tumor-derived metabolites to optimize T cell-based immunotherapy efficacy in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Zheng Yucheng , Xu Rongwei , Chen Xu , Lu Ye , Zheng Jiarong , Lin Yunfan , Lin Pei , Zhao Xinyuan , Cui Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) orchestrates a complex interplay between tumor cells and immune cells, crucially modulating the immune response. This review delves into the pivotal role of metabolic reprogramming in the TME, highlighting how tumor-derived metabolites influence T lymphocyte functionality and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Focusing on the diverse roles of these metabolites, we examine how lactate, lipids, amino acids, and other biochemical signals act not only as metabolic byproducts but as regulatory agents that can suppress or potentiate T cell-mediated immunity. By integrating recent findings, we underscore the dual impact of these metabolites on enhancing tumor progression and inhibiting immune surveillance. Furthermore, we propose innovative therapeutic strategies that target metabolic pathways to restore immune function within the TME. The insights provided in this review pave the way for the development of metabolic interventions aimed at enhancing the success of immunotherapies in oncology, offering new hope for precision medicine in the treatment of cancer.
Miro2 sulfhydration by CBS/H2S promotes human trophoblast invasion and migration via regulating mitochondria dynamics
Authors: Feng Hao , Sun Zongxin , Han Baoshi , Xia Huitang , Chen Lumei , Tian Chunlei , Yan Suhua , Shi Yugen , Yin Jie , Song Wengang , Gong Peipei , Wang Shuanglian , Li Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInsufficient cytotrophoblast (CTB) migration and invasion into the maternal myometrium leads to pregnancy related complications like Intra-uterus Growth Restriction (IUGR), and pre-eclampsia (PE). We previously found that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) enhanced CTB migration without knowing the mechanism(s) and the pathophysiological significance. By studying human samples and cell line, we found that H2S levels were lower in PE patients’ plasma; H2S synthetic enzyme cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS) was reduced in PE extravillious invasive trophoblasts. GYY4137 (H2S donor, 1 µM) promoted CBS/H2S translocation onto mitochondria, preserved mitochondria functions, enhanced cell invasion and migration. CBS knockdown hindered the above functions which were rescued by GYY4137, indicating the vital roles of CBS/H2S signal. Disturbance of mitochondria dynamics inhibited cell invasion and migration. The 185 and 504 cysteines of Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 2 (Miro2C185/C504) were highly sulfhydrated by H2S. Knockdown Miro2 or double mutation of Miro2C185/C504 to serine fragmented mitochondria, and inhibited cell invasion and migration which can’t be rescued by H2S. The present study showed that human cytotrophoblast receives low dose H2S regulation; CBS/H2S sustained mitochondria functions via Miro2C185/C504 sulfhydration to enhance cytotrophoblast mobility. These findings established a new regulatory pathway for cytotrophoblast functions, and provided new targets for IUGR and PE.
Atypical rhizobia trigger nodulation and pathogenesis on the same legume hosts
Authors: Magne Kévin , Massot Sophie , Folletti Tifaine , Sauviac Laurent , Ait-Salem Elhosseyn , Pires Ilona , Saad Maged M. , Eida Abdul Aziz , Bougouffa Salim , Jugan Adrien , Rolli Eleonora , Forquet Raphaël , Puech-Pages Virginie , Maillet Fabienne , Bernal Gautier , Gibelin Chrystel , Hirt Heribert , Gruber Véronique , Peyraud Rémi , Vailleau Fabienne , Gourion Benjamin , Ratet Pascal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe emergence of commensalism and mutualism often derives from ancestral parasitism. However, in the case of rhizobium-legume interactions, bacterial strains displaying both pathogenic and nodulation features on a single host have not been described yet. Here, we isolated such a bacterium from Medicago nodules. On the same plant genotypes, the T4 strain can induce ineffective nodules in a highly competitive way and behave as a harsh parasite triggering plant death. The T4 strain presents this dual ability on multiple legume species of the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade, the output of the interaction relying on the developmental stage of the plant. Genomic and phenotypic clustering analysis show that T4 belongs to the nonsymbiotic Ensifer adhaerens group and clusters together with T173, another strain harboring this dual ability. In this work, we identify a bacterial clade that includes rhizobial strains displaying both pathogenic and nodulating abilities on a single legume host.
Optogenetic dissection of transcriptional repression in a multicellular organism
Authors: Zhao Jiaxi , Lammers Nicholas C. , Alamos Simon , Kim Yang Joon , Martini Gabriella , Garcia Hernan G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTranscriptional control is fundamental to cellular function. However, despite knowing that transcription factors can repress or activate specific genes, how these functions are implemented at the molecular level has remained elusive, particularly in the endogenous context of developing animals. Here, we combine optogenetics, single-cell live-imaging, and mathematical modeling to study how a zinc-finger repressor, Knirps, induces switch-like transitions into long-lived quiescent states. Using optogenetics, we demonstrate that repression is rapidly reversible (~1 min) and memoryless. Furthermore, we show that the repressor acts by decreasing the frequency of transcriptional bursts in a manner consistent with an equilibrium binding model. Our results provide a quantitative framework for dissecting the in vivo biochemistry of eukaryotic transcriptional regulation.
Competing effects of wind and buoyancy forcing on ocean oxygen trends in recent decades
Authors: Hollitzer Helene A. L. , Patara Lavinia , Terhaar Jens , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOcean deoxygenation is becoming a major stressor for marine ecosystems due to anthropogenic climate change. Two major pathways through which climate change affects ocean oxygen are changes in wind fields and changes in air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes. Here, we use a global ocean biogeochemistry model run under historical atmospheric forcing to show that wind stress is the dominant driver of year-to-year oxygen variability in most ocean regions. Only in areas of water mass formation do air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes dominate year-to-year oxygen dynamics. The deoxygenation since the late 1960s has been driven mainly by changes in air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes. Part of this deoxygenation has been mitigated by wind-driven increases in ventilation and interior oxygen supply, mainly in the Southern Ocean. The predicted slowdown in wind stress intensification, combined with continued ocean warming, may therefore greatly accelerate ocean deoxygenation in the coming decades. The fact that the model used here, along with many state-of-the-art forced ocean models, underestimates recent ocean deoxygenation indicates the need to use forcing fields that better represent pre-industrial conditions during their spin-up.
Emerging many-to-one weighted mapping in hippocampus-amygdala network underlies memory formation
Authors: Liu Jun , Hall Arron F. , Wang Dong V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMemories are crucial for daily life, yet the network-level organizing principles governing neural representations of experiences remain unknown. Employing dual-site in vivo recording in freely behaving male mice, here we show that hippocampal dorsal CA1 (dCA1) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) utilize distinct coding strategies for novel experiences. A small assembly of BLA neurons emerged active during memory acquisition and persisted through consolidation, whereas most dCA1 neurons were engaged in both processes. Machine learning decoding revealed that dCA1 population spikes predicted BLA assembly firing rate, suggesting that most dCA1 neurons concurrently index an episodic event by rapidly establishing weighted communication with a specific BLA assembly – a process we term “many-to-one weighted mapping.” We also found that dCA1 reactivations preceded BLA assembly activity preferably during elongated and enlarged dCA1 ripples. Using a closed-loop strategy, we demonstrated that suppressing BLA activity after large dCA1 ripples impaired memory. These findings highlight a many-to-one weighted mapping mechanism underlying both the acquisition and consolidation of new memories.
Surface treatments on commercial glasses: durable impact on the retention of lead, barium and boron
Authors: Brunswic L. , Angeli F. , Gin S. , van Hullebusch E. D. , Tarrago M. , Gautron L. , Neuville D. R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlass durability is one of the properties that can be affected by surface treatments such as coatings or chemical attacks. These treatments can be used to reduce the quantities of potentially toxic elements contained in glass that may be released in solution. Five surface treatments were selected: three different coatings (SnO2, TiO2, SiO2) and two acidic attacks (SO2 dealkalization and acid polishing). These treatments were performed on five glass compositions (soda-lime, borosilicate, barium silicate, opal, and lead crystal). Their effects on alteration rates and mechanisms were investigated through a single protocol (acetic acid 4%, 70 °C) simulating accelerated aging conditions for containers of beverages or food. The data collected over 1.3 years showed significant reduction of lead leaching with all treatments except acid polishing. The best reduction factor was obtained with SO2 dealkalization, which also demonstrated beneficial effects towards the retention of Ba by reducing the diffusion of alkalis.
Randomized crossover trial on motor and non-motor outcome of directional deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gharabaghi Alireza , Cebi Idil , Leavitt Dallas , Scherer Maximilian , Bookjans Patrick , Brunnett Bastian , Milosevic Luka , Weiss Daniel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) with electric field steering may avoid areas responsible for side effects. This prospective randomized cross-over trial compared omnidirectional (OS) and directional (DS) subthalamic DBS in 19 patients. Electromyographically measured rigidity was the primary outcome. Motor and non-motor scores were secondary outcomes. There were no significant differences between OS and DS. In the acute setting, both conditions improved motor scores compared to no stimulation. Motor symptoms improved after 3 weeks of OS relative to acute measurements, whereas they worsened under DS. The more ventral the active contact, and the less the motor improvement sweet spot was stimulated, the greater the benefit of DS over OS for executive function. Accurate OS of the dorsal subthalamic nucleus ensures motor and non-motor improvements. While DS can mitigate executive decline stemming from off-target stimulation, it may lead to worse motor outcomes. Larger, long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings. (Registration: subthalamic steering for therapy optimization in Parkinson’s Disease ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03548506, 2018-06-06).
Reentrant multiple-q magnetic order and a “spin meta-cholesteric” phase in Sr3Fe2O7
Authors: Andriushin N. D. , Muller J. , Pavlovskii N. S. , Grumbach J. , Granovsky S. , Tymoshenko Y. V. , Zaharko O. , Ivanov A. , Ollivier J. , Doerr M. , Keimer B. , Mostovoy M. , Inosov D. S. , Peets D. C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTopologically nontrivial magnetic structures such as skyrmion lattices are well known in materials lacking lattice inversion symmetry, where antisymmetric exchange interactions are allowed. Only recently, topological multi-q magnetic textures that spontaneously break the chiral symmetry, for example, three-dimensional hedgehog lattices, were discovered in centrosymmetric compounds, where they are instead driven by frustrated interactions. Here we show that the bilayer perovskite Sr3Fe2O7, previously believed to adopt a simple single-q spin-helical order, hosts two distinct types of multi-q spin textures. Its ground state represents a novel multi-q spin texture with unequally intense spin modulations at the two ordering vectors. This is followed in temperature by a new “spin meta-cholesteric” phase, in which the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken along one of the crystal directions, but the weaker orthogonal modulation melts, giving rise to intense short-range dynamical fluctuations. Shortly before the transition to the paramagnetic state, vortex-crystal order spanned by two equivalent q vectors emerges. This renders Sr3Fe2O7 an ideal material to study transitions among multiple-q spin textures in a centrosymmetric host.
Immunomodulation by the combination of statin and matrix-bound nanovesicle enhances optic nerve regeneration
Authors: Campbell Gregory P. , Amin Dwarkesh , Hsieh Kristin , Hussey George S. , St. Leger Anthony J. , Gross Jeffrey M. , Badylak Stephen F. , Kuwajima Takaaki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractModulating inflammation is critical to enhance nerve regeneration after injury. However, clinically applicable regenerative therapies that modulate inflammation have not yet been established. Here, we demonstrate synergistic effects of the combination of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, statin/fluvastatin and critical components of the extracellular matrix, Matrix-Bound Nanovesicles (MBV) to enhance axon regeneration and neuroprotection after mouse optic nerve injury. Mechanistically, co-intravitreal injections of fluvastatin and MBV robustly promote infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils, which lead to RGC protection and axon regeneration. Furthermore, monocyte infiltration is triggered by elevated expression of CCL2, a chemokine, in the superficial layer of the retina after treatment with a combination of fluvastatin and MBV or IL-33, a cytokine contained within MBV. Finally, this therapy can be further combined with AAV-based gene therapy blocking anti-regenerative pathways in RGCs to extend regenerated axons. These data highlight novel molecular insights into the development of immunomodulatory regenerative therapy.
Optimizing predictive models for evaluating the F-temperature index in predicting the π-electron energy of polycyclic hydrocarbons, applicable to carbon nanocones
Authors: Hayat Sakander , Malik Muhammad Yasir Hayat , Alanazi Seham J. F. , Fazal Saima , Imran Muhammad , Azeem Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the fields of mathematics, chemistry, and the physical sciences, graph theory plays a substantial role. Using modern mathematical techniques, quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling predicts the physical, synthetic, and natural properties of substances based only on their chemical composition. For a chemical graph, the temperature of a vertex is a local property introduced by Fajtlowicz (1988). A temperature-based graphical descriptor is structured based on temperatures of vertices. Involving a non-zero real parameter $$\beta$$
β
, the general F-temperature index $$T_{\beta }$$

T
β

is a temperature index having strong efficacy. In this paper, we employ discrete optimization and regression analysis to find optimal value(s) of $$\beta$$
β
for which the prediction potential of $$T_{\beta }$$

T
β

and the total $$\pi$$
π
-electron energy $$E_{\pi }$$

E
π

of polycyclic hydrocarbons is the strongest. This, in turn, answers an open problem proposed by Hayat & Liu (2024). Applications of the optimal values for $$T_{\beta }$$

T
β

are presented a two-parametric family of carbon nanocones in predicting their $$E_{\pi }$$

E
π

with significantly higher accuracy.
Statistical inference and data analysis for inverted Kumaraswamy distribution based on maximum ranked set sampling with unequal samples
Authors: Hassan Amal S. , Atia Samah A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA very useful modification to ranked set sampling (RSS) that allows a larger set size without significantly increasing ranking errors is the maximum ranked set sampling with unequal samples (MRSSU) approach. This article covers the parameter estimation of the inverted Kumaraswamy distribution using MRSSU and RSS designs. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation techniques are considered. The regarded Bayesian estimation technique is determined in the case of non-informative and informative priors represented by Jeffreys and gamma priors, respectively. Squared error and minimum expected are the two loss functions that are employed. We presented a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the recommended estimations using root mean squared error and relative bias. The Bayes point estimates were computed using the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Additional conclusions have been made based on actual geological data regarding the intervals between Kiama Blowhole’s 64 consecutive eruptions. Based on the same number of measured units, the results of simulation and real data analysis showed that MRSSU estimators performed much better than their RSS counterparts.
Quantitative magnetooptical analysis using indicator films for the detection of magnetic field distributions, temperature, and electrical currents
Authors: Path Michael P. , McCord Jeffrey 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe accurate characterization of local magnetic fields and temperature is vital for the design of electronic systems. To meet this imperative, we present a novel non-contact approach for simultaneous quantitative magnetic field imaging and temperature sensing using magnetooptics and a bismuth-doped yttrium iron garnet film with out-of-plane anisotropy. For the direct signal quantification, a Stokes polarization camera is employed in a conventional magnetooptical microscope. The magnetization in the garnet is modulated with an external magnetic field to continuously image the Faraday rotation at four distinct points along the saturating magnetization loop. The method enables sensing of the magnetooptical signal in saturation, the magnetooptical susceptibility, the temperature, and self-calibrated driftfree imaging of the out-of-plane magnetic field component. A spatial resolution of magnetic field in the micrometer range with millisecond exposure time is demonstrated. The method is verified by analyzing the stray magnetic field distribution of electrical current in a wire simultaneously to the Joule heating induced by the applied current.
Task demands modulate distal limb handedness: A comparative analysis of prehensile synergies of the dominant and non-dominant hand
Authors: Shenoy Prajwal , M. Varadhan S. K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe dynamic dominance hypothesis of handedness suggests a distinct control strategy for the dominant and the non-dominant limb. The hypothesis demonstrated that the dominant proximal limb is tuned for optimal trajectory control while the non-dominant limb is tuned for a stable grasp. Whether the hypothesis can be extended to distal segments like fingers, especially during a five-fingered grasp, has been studied little. To examine this, an attempt was made to compare the prehensile synergies and force magnitudes of the dominant (DOM) and non-dominant hands (NDOM) during a 5-fingered prehension task. Participants traced a trapezoidal and inverse trapezoidal path with their thumbs on a sliding platform while holding a handle in static equilibrium. The DOM hand performed better only in the inverse trapezoid condition, exhibiting a reduced grip force and increased synergy index aligning with the dynamic dominance hypothesis. No differences were observed for the trapezoid condition, likely due to reduced task demands. The study also explored changes in anticipatory synergy adjustments between the DOM and NDOM hands, but the differences were non-significant. Overall, the DOM hand demonstrated better force coordination than the NDOM hand in challenging conditions. Applications of the study in the objective assessment of handedness were proposed.
Magnetic ordering and dynamics in monolayers and bilayers of chromium trihalides: atomistic simulations approach
Authors: Stagraczyński S. , Baláž P. , Jafari M. , Barnaś J. , Dyrdał A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe analyze magnetic properties of monolayers and bilayers of chromium iodide, $$\hbox {CrI}_3$$, in two different stacking configurations: AA and rhombohedral ones. Our main focus is on the corresponding Curie temperatures, hysteresis curves, equilibrium spin structures, and spin wave excitations. To obtain all these magnetic characteristic, we employ the atomistic spin dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation techniques. The model Hamiltonian includes isotropic exchange coupling, magnetic anisotropy, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. As the latter interaction is relatively weak in pristine $$\hbox {CrI}_3$$, we consider a more general case, when the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction is enhanced externally (e.g. due to gate voltage, mechanical strain, or proximity effects). An important issue of the analysis is the correlation between hysteresis curves and spin configurations in the system, as well as formation of the skyrmion textures.