bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential contributions of subthalamic beta rhythms and 1/f broadband activity to motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Martin Stephanie , Iturrate Iñaki , Chavarriaga Ricardo , Leeb Robert , Sobolewski Aleksander , Li Andrew M. , Zaldivar Julien , Peciu-Florianu Iulia , Pralong Etienne , Castro-Jiménez Mayte , Benninger David , Vingerhoets François , Knight Robert T. , Bloch Jocelyne , Millán José del R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExcessive beta oscillatory activity in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is linked to Parkinson’s Disease (PD) motor symptoms. However, previous works have been inconsistent regarding the functional role of beta activity in untreated Parkinsonian states, questioning such role. We hypothesized that this inconsistency is due to the influence of electrophysiological broadband activity —a neurophysiological indicator of synaptic excitation/inhibition ratio— that could confound measurements of beta activity in STN recordings. Here we propose a data-driven, automatic and individualized mathematical model that disentangles beta activity and 1/f broadband activity in the STN power spectrum, and investigate the link between these individual components and motor symptoms in thirteen Parkinsonian patients. We show, using both modeled and actual data, how beta oscillatory activity significantly correlates with motor symptoms (bradykinesia and rigidity) only when broadband activity is not considered in the biomarker estimations, providing solid evidence that oscillatory beta activity does correlate with motor symptoms in untreated PD states as well as the significant impact of broadband activity. These findings emphasize the importance of data-driven models and the identification of better biomarkers for characterizing symptom severity and closed-loop applications.
Systemic network analysis identifies XIAP and IκBα as potential drug targets in TRAIL resistant BRAF mutated melanoma
Authors: Del Mistro Greta , Lucarelli Philippe , Müller Ines , De Landtsheer Sébastien , Zinoveva Anna , Hutt Meike , Siegemund Martin , Kontermann Roland E. , Beissert Stefan , Sauter Thomas , Kulms Dagmar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetastatic melanoma remains a life-threatening disease because most tumors develop resistance to targeted kinase inhibitors thereby regaining tumorigenic capacity. We show the 2nd generation hexavalent TRAIL receptor-targeted agonist IZI1551 to induce pronounced apoptotic cell death in mutBRAF melanoma cells. Aiming to identify molecular changes that may confer IZI1551 resistance we combined Dynamic Bayesian Network modelling with a sophisticated regularization strategy resulting in sparse and context-sensitive networks and show the performance of this strategy in the detection of cell line-specific deregulations of a signalling network. Comparing IZI1551-sensitive to IZI1551-resistant melanoma cells the model accurately and correctly predicted activation of NFκB in concert with upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein XIAP as the key mediator of IZI1551 resistance. Thus, the incorporation of multiple regularization functions in logical network optimization may provide a promising avenue to assess the effects of drug combinations and to identify responders to selected combination therapies.
Pezizomycetes genomes reveal the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle
Authors: Murat Claude , Payen Thibaut , Noel Benjamin , Kuo Alan , Morin Emmanuelle , Chen Juan , Kohler Annegret , Krizsán Krisztina , Balestrini Raffaella , Da Silva Corinne , Montanini Barbara , Hainaut Mathieu , Levati Elisabetta , Barry Kerrie W. , Belfiori Beatrice , Cichocki Nicolas , Clum Alicia , Dockter Rhyan B. , Fauchery Laure , Guy Julie , Iotti Mirco , Le Tacon François , Lindquist Erika A. , Lipzen Anna , Malagnac Fabienne , Mello Antonietta , Molinier Virginie , Miyauchi Shingo , Poulain Julie , Riccioni Claudia , Rubini Andrea , Sitrit Yaron , Splivallo Richard , Traeger Stefanie , Wang Mei , Žifčáková Lucia , Wipf Daniel , Zambonelli Alessandra , Paolocci Francesco , Nowrousian Minou , Ottonello Simone , Baldrian Petr , Spatafora Joseph W. , Henrissat Bernard , Nagy Laszlo G. , Aury Jean-Marc , Wincker Patrick , Grigoriev Igor V. , Bonfante Paola , Martin Francis M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTuberaceae is one of the most diverse lineages of symbiotic truffle-forming fungi. To understand the molecular underpinning of the ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle, we compared the genomes of Piedmont white truffle (Tuber magnatum), Périgord black truffle (Tuber melanosporum), Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum), pig truffle (Choiromyces venosus) and desert truffle (Terfezia boudieri) to saprotrophic Pezizomycetes. Reconstructed gene duplication/loss histories along a time-calibrated phylogeny of Ascomycetes revealed that Tuberaceae-specific traits may be related to a higher gene diversification rate. Genomic features in Tuber species appear to be very similar, with high transposon content, few genes coding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, a substantial set of lineage-specific fruiting-body-upregulated genes and high expression of genes involved in volatile organic compound metabolism. Developmental and metabolic pathways expressed in ectomycorrhizae and fruiting bodies of T. magnatum and T. melanosporum are unexpectedly very similar, owing to the fact that they diverged ~100 Ma. Volatile organic compounds from pungent truffle odours are not the products of Tuber-specific gene innovations, but rely on the differential expression of an existing gene repertoire. These genomic resources will help to address fundamental questions in the evolution of the truffle lifestyle and the ecology of fungi that have been praised as food delicacies for centuries.
Angiotensin II-induced hypertension in rats is only transiently accompanied by lower renal oxygenation
Authors: Emans Tonja. W. , Patinha Daniela , Joles Jaap. A. , Koeners Maarten. P. , Janssen Ben. J. , Krediet C. T. Paul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractActivation of the renin-angiotensin system may initiate chronic kidney disease. We hypothesised that renal hypoxia is a consequence of hemodynamic changes induced by angiotensin II and occurs prior to development of severe renal damage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were infused continuously with angiotensin II (350 ng/kg/min) for 8 days. Mean arterial pressure (n = 5), cortical (n = 6) and medullary (n = 7) oxygenation (pO2) were continuously recorded by telemetry and renal tissue injury was scored. Angiotensin II increased arterial pressure gradually to 150 ± 18 mmHg. This was associated with transient reduction of oxygen levels in renal cortex (by 18 ± 2%) and medulla (by 17 ± 6%) at 10 ± 2 and 6 ± 1 hours, respectively after starting infusion. Thereafter oxygen levels normalised to pre-infusion levels and were maintained during the remainder of the infusion period. In rats receiving angiotensin II, adding losartan to drinking water (300 mg/L) only induced transient increase in renal oxygenation, despite normalisation of arterial pressure. In rats, renal hypoxia is only a transient phenomenon during initiation of angiotensin II-induced hypertension.
Early movement restriction leads to maladaptive plasticity in the sensorimotor cortex and to movement disorders
Authors: Delcour Maxime , Russier Michaël , Castets Francis , Turle-Lorenzo Nathalie , Canu Marie-Hélène , Cayetanot Florence , Barbe Mary F , Coq Jacques-Olivier 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMotor control and body representations in the central nervous system are built, i.e., patterned, during development by sensorimotor experience and somatosensory feedback/reafference. Yet, early emergence of locomotor disorders remains a matter of debate, especially in the absence of brain damage. For instance, children with developmental coordination disorders (DCD) display deficits in planning, executing and controlling movements, concomitant with deficits in executive functions. Thus, are early sensorimotor atypicalities at the origin of long-lasting abnormal development of brain anatomy and functions? We hypothesize that degraded locomotor outcomes in adulthood originate as a consequence of early atypical sensorimotor experiences that induce developmental disorganization of sensorimotor circuitry. We showed recently that postnatal sensorimotor restriction (SMR), through hind limb immobilization from birth to one month, led to enduring digitigrade locomotion with ankle-knee overextension, degraded musculoskeletal tissues (e.g., gastrocnemius atrophy), and clear signs of spinal hyperreflexia in adult rats, suggestive of spasticity; each individual disorder likely interplaying in self-perpetuating cycles. In the present study, we investigated the impact of postnatal SMR on the anatomical and functional organization of hind limb representations in the sensorimotor cortex and processes representative of maladaptive neuroplasticity. We found that 28 days of daily SMR degraded the topographical organization of somatosensory hind limb maps, reduced both somatosensory and motor map areas devoted to the hind limb representation and altered neuronal response properties in the sensorimotor cortex several weeks after the cessation of SMR. We found no neuroanatomical histopathology in hind limb sensorimotor cortex, yet increased glutamatergic neurotransmission that matched clear signs of spasticity and hyperexcitability in the adult lumbar spinal network. Thus, even in the absence of a brain insult, movement disorders and brain dysfunction can emerge as a consequence of reduced and atypical patterns of motor outputs and somatosensory feedback that induce maladaptive neuroplasticity. Our results may contribute to understanding the inception and mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders, such as DCD.
Viral diversity of Rhipicephalus microplus parasitizing cattle in southern Brazil
Authors: Souza William Marciel de , Fumagalli Marcílio Jorge , Torres Carrasco Adriano de Oliveira , Romeiro Marilia Farignoli , Modha Sejal , Seki Meire Christina , Gheller Janaína Menegazzo , Daffre Sirlei , Nunes Márcio Roberto Teixeira , Murcia Pablo Ramiro , Acrani Gustavo Olszanski , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTicks are ectoparasites spread worldwide and are well known as vectors of many viruses of great importance to human and animal health. However, the viral diversity in ticks is still poorly understood, particularly in South America. Here we characterized the viral diversity present in Rhipicephalus microplus parasitizing cattle in the southern region of Brazil using metagenomics. Our study revealed the presence of viruses that had not been previously described in the region, including lihan tick virus (Phenuiviridae family) and wuhan tick virus 2 (Chuviridae family), as well as expands the biogeography of jingmen tick virus (Flaviviridae family) in Brazil. Also, we described three novel tymoviruses (Tymovirales order), named guarapuava tymovirus-like 1 to 3. We described the genomic and phylogenetic characterization of these viruses. Our study sheds light on the viral diversity of Rhipicephalus microplus in South America, and also expands the biogeography of tick viruses that were previously described only in Asia.
Machine Learning Reveals Protein Signatures in CSF and Plasma Fluids of Clinical Value for ALS
Authors: Bereman Michael S. , Beri Joshua , Enders Jeffrey R. , Nash Tara 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe use shotgun proteomics to identify biomarkers of diagnostic and prognostic value in individuals diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Matched cerebrospinal and plasma fluids were subjected to abundant protein depletion and analyzed by nano-flow liquid chromatography high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Label free quantitation was used to identify differential proteins between individuals with ALS (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 30) in both fluids. In CSF, 118 (p-value < 0.05) and 27 proteins (q-value < 0.05) were identified as significantly altered between ALS and controls. In plasma, 20 (p-value < 0.05) and 0 (q-value < 0.05) proteins were identified as significantly altered between ALS and controls. Proteins involved in complement activation, acute phase response and retinoid signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the CSF from ALS patients. Subsequently various machine learning methods were evaluated for disease classification using a repeated Monte Carlo cross-validation approach. A linear discriminant analysis model achieved a median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 with an interquartile range of 0.88–1.0. Three proteins composed a prognostic model (p = 5e-4) that explained 49% of the variation in the ALS-FRS scores. Finally we investigated the specificity of two promising proteins from our discovery data set, chitinase-3 like 1 protein and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, using targeted proteomics in a separate set of CSF samples derived from individuals diagnosed with ALS (n = 11) and other neurological diseases (n = 15). These results demonstrate the potential of a panel of targeted proteins for objective measurements of clinical value in ALS.
Generation of Bose-Einstein Condensates’ Ground State Through Machine Learning
Authors: Liang Xiao , Zhang Huan , Liu Sheng , Li Yan , Zhang Yong-Sheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe show that both single-component and two-component Bose-Einstein condensates’ (BECs) ground states can be simulated by a deep convolutional neural network. We trained the neural network via inputting the parameters in the dimensionless Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) and outputting the ground-state wave function. After the training, the neural network generates ground-state wave functions with high precision. We benchmark the neural network for either inputting different coupling strength in the GPE or inputting an arbitrary potential under the infinite double walls trapping potential, and it is found that the ground state wave function generated by the neural network gives the relative chemical potential error magnitude below 10−3. Furthermore, the neural network trained with random potentials shows prediction ability on other types of potentials. Therefore, the BEC ground states, which are continuous wave functions, can be represented by deep convolutional neural networks.
Urothelium proliferation is a trigger for renal crystal deposits in a murine lithogenesis model
Authors: Bilbault Héloïse , Perez Joëlle , Huguet Léa , Vandermeersch Sophie , Placier Sandrine , Tabibzadeh Nahid , Frochot Vincent , Letavernier Emmanuel , Bazin Dominique , Daudon Michel , Haymann Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMost mouse kidney stone models induce nephrocalcinosis rather than urolithiasis. The aim of our study was to find an accelerated experimental model in order to study the early events of stone formation, that is, at the time of crystal binding to intrarenal urothelium. C57B6 mice exposed to vitamin D supplements and water containing hydroxyl-L-proline, ammonium chloride and calcium chloride were studied for 42 days. A group receiving urothelial cell mitogen Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 (FGF7) was compared to control group receiving saline. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals were detected in urines by day 2 and within urinary spaces in specialized fornix areas in both groups as soon as day 14 with enhanced deposits in FGF7 group compared to controls at day 21. Urothelial cells proliferation, uroplakin III downregulation and de novo expression of osteopontin receptor CD44 detected in FGF7 group, were delayed in the control group (day 42). Crystal aggregates within specialized fornix areas by day 42 were located in urinary spaces but also within and under a multilayered metaplastic urothelium, simultaneous to macrophages influx. Point of note, administration of a normal diet by day 21 was responsible for a spontaneous crystal clearance. Our data show that under supersaturation conditions, urothelial cell proliferation and calcium oxalate crystal retention occur within specialized fornix areas. Enhanced crystal deposits following FGF7 administration suggest that urothelium proliferation would be a relevant trigger for renal stone formation.
Relationship between cardiovascular health metrics and physical performance in community-living people: Results from the Longevity check-up (Lookup) 7+ project
Authors: Landi Francesco , Calvani Riccardo , Picca Anna , Tosato Matteo , D’Angelo Emanuela , Martone Anna Maria , Serafini Elisabetta , Ortolani Elena , Savera Giulia , Salini Sara , Acampora Nicola , Bernabei Roberto , Marzetti Emanuele 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCardiovascular health metrics (CHMs) may predict disability independent of vascular events. Though, the link between CHMs and physical performance is unclear. This relationship was explored using data from the Longevity check-up (Lookup) 7+ project. Lookup 7+ is an ongoing cross-sectional survey conducted in unconventional settings across Italy. People who are at least 18-year-old and provide written informed consent are eligible. CHMs [i.e., smoking status, healthy diet, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and diabetes status] are assessed through closed questions and objective measurements. Physical performance is measured via the 5-repetition chair-stand test. Analyses included 7446 participants (55.5 ± 14.9 years; 56% women). Physical performance positively correlated with CHMs scores, such that participants who scored higher (6–7 points) completed the chair-stand test about 2 s faster than those scoring lower (1–2 points). In fully adjusted analysis, better physical performance was more frequently observed in younger, non-smoking, physically active men, with ideal BMI, and no diabetes. Our findings indicate a gradient of better physical function with increasing CHMs scores. Future investigations should establish the longitudinal effect of unhealthy behaviours and cardiovascular risk factors on physical performance and verify whether implementation of large-scale primordial cardiovascular prevention may positively impact physical fitness.
Atomic imprinting into metallic glasses
Authors: Li Rui , Chen Zheng , Datye Amit , Simon Georg H. , Ketkaew Jittisa , Kinser Emily , Liu Ze , Zhou Chao , Dagdeviren Omur E. , Sohn Sungwoo , Singer Jonathan P. , Osuji Chinedum O. , Schroers Jan , Schwarz Udo D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNanoimprinting by thermoplastic forming has attracted significant attention due to its promise of low-cost fabrication of functionalized surfaces and nanostructured devices, and metallic glasses have been identified as a material class ideally suited for nanoimprinting. In particular, their featureless atomic structure suggests that there may not be an intrinsic size limit to the material’s ability to replicate a mould. Here we demonstrate atomic-scale imprinting into a platinum-based metallic glass alloy under ambient conditions using atomic step edges of a strontium titanate single crystal as a mould. The moulded metallic glass replicates the ‘atomic smoothness’ of the strontium titanate, with identical roughness to the one measured on the mould even after multiple usages and with replicas exhibiting an exceptional long-term stability of years. By providing a practical, reusable, and potentially high-throughput approach for atomic imprinting, our findings may open novel applications in surface functionalization through topographical structuring.
Global distribution data for cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and ducks in 2010
Authors: Gilbert Marius , Nicolas Gaëlle , Cinardi Giusepina , Van Boeckel Thomas P. , Vanwambeke Sophie O. , Wint G. R. William , Robinson Timothy P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlobal data sets on the geographic distribution of livestock are essential for diverse applications in agricultural socio-economics, food security, environmental impact assessment and epidemiology. We present a new version of the Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW 3) database, reflecting the most recently compiled and harmonized subnational livestock distribution data for 2010. GLW 3 provides global population densities of cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and ducks in each land pixel at a spatial resolution of 0.083333 decimal degrees (approximately 10 km at the equator). They are accompanied by detailed metadata on the year, spatial resolution and source of the input census data. Two versions of each species distribution are produced. In the first version, livestock numbers are disaggregated within census polygons according to weights established by statistical models using high resolution spatial covariates (dasymetric weighting). In the second version, animal numbers are distributed homogeneously with equal densities within their census polygons (areal weighting) to provide spatial data layers free of any assumptions linking them to other spatial variables.
Effects of transplantation of FGF-2-transfected MSCs and XACB on TNF-α expression with avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits
Authors: Peng Wuxun , Dong Wentao , Zhang Fei , Wang Jianbo , Zhang Jian , Wu Jianhua , Wang Lei , Ye Chuan , Li Qing , Deng Jin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the transplantation of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) gene-transfected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and xenogeneic antigen-cancellous bone (XACB) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression with avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) in rabbits. Methods: The models of steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: A (model), B (XACB), C (XACB + MSCs), D (XACB + MSCs + LV), and E (XACB + MSCs + LV-FGF-2) groups. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR assays were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α in the femoral head, respectively. Results: At 12 weeks after the operation, the defect in rabbits in group E was completely repaired, while defects in rabbits in the other groups were not completely repaired, and the area of new bone formation was higher, when compared with the other groups (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, the protein and mRNA expression TNF-α was lower at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery, when compared with the other groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: FGF-2/MSCs/XACB could promote the repair of ANFH, and may be correlated to the inhibition of TNF-α expression.
Alexander Gerst forscht für neue Horizonte in Wissenschaft und Technologie
Authors: Schmid Volker , Irina Buchheim Judith 
Published: October 2018

Horizons
Autonome Assistenzsysteme mit künstlicher Intelligenz sind heute technisch möglich. Durch solche Assistenten sind Effizienzsteigerungen zu erwarten. Ein solches System mit Sprachsteuerung und Gesichtserkennung soll als Experiment auf der Internationalen Raumstation ISS während der Mission „horizons“ vom deutschen ESA-Astronauten Alexander Gerst getestet werden. Beim Alltag auf der ISS unterliegen die Astronauten 6 Monate durch Isolation und Schwerelosigkeit besonderem Stress. In medizinischer Hinsicht ist dies beim Zusammenspiel zwischen Mensch und Maschine von Interesse sowie die Akzeptanz und mögliche zukünftige Anwendungen. Das Experiment CIMON wurde von Airbus Defence and Space entwickelt und gebaut, im Auftrag des DLR-Raumfahrtmanagements.