bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of biochemical and cytotoxic markers in cocaine treated PC12 cells
Authors: Badisa Ramesh B. , Batton Chyree S. , Mazzio Elizabeth , Grant Samuel C. , Goodman Carl B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCocaine is one of the powerful addictive drugs, widely abused in most Western countries. Because of high lipophilic nature, cocaine easily reaches various domains of the central nervous system (CNS) and triggers different levels of cellular toxicity. The aim of this investigation was to reproduce cocaine toxicity in differentiated PC12 cells through quantitative knowledge on biochemical and cytotoxicity markers. We differentiated the cells with 0.1 μg/ml nerve growth factor (NGF) for 5 days, followed by treatment with cocaine for 48 h at in vivo and in vitro concentrations. Results indicated that cocaine at in vivo concentrations neither killed the cells nor altered the morphology, but decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential that paralleled with increased lactate and glutathione (GSH) levels. On the other hand, cocaine at in vitro concentrations damaged the neurites and caused cell death, which corresponded with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, plasma membrane damage, and GSH depletion with no detectable nitric oxide (NO) level. While direct understanding of cocaine and cell interaction under in vivo animal models is impeded due to high complexity, our present in vitro results assisted in understanding the onset of some key events of neurodegenerative diseases in cocaine treated neuronal cells.
Helping cancer patients quit smoking using brief advice based on risk communication: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li William H. C. , Wang M. P. , Ho K. Y. , Lam Katherine K. W. , Cheung Derek Y. T. , Cheung Yannes T. Y. , LAM T. H. , CHAN Sophia S. C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effectiveness of a smoking cessation intervention using a risk communication approach. A total of 528 smoking cancer patients were randomly allocated either into an intervention group (n = 268) to receive brief advice based on risk communication by a nurse counselor or a control group (n = 260) to receive standard care. Subjects in both groups received a smoking cessation booklet. Patient follow-ups were at 1 week and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. No significant differences were found in self-reported point-prevalence 7-day abstinence between the intervention and control groups at 6 months (15.7% vs 16.5%; OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.59–1.50). The rate of at least 50% self-reported reduction of smoking at 6 months, was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (16.8% vs 12.3%; OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.88–2.35). The biochemically validated quit rate at the 6-month follow-up was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (5.2% vs 3.8%; OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.60–3.16). These data suggest that advice based on risk communication was not effective for quitting but improved the rate of smoking reduction among smoking cancer patients.
Guanosine monophosphate reductase 1 is a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liu Hongde , Luo Kun , Luo Donghui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder for which identification of differentially expressed genes is one way to find new therapeutic targets. Here, we conducted analysis to identify age-independent, AD-specific genes. We found that the MET, WIF1, and NPTX2 genes are downregulated in AD. WIF1 and MET are implicated in Wnt and MET signaling and regulate GSK3β activity and are thus linked with AD. Importantly, we found that the GMPR gene exhibited a gradual increase in AD progression. A logistic model based on GMPR has good ability to classify AD cases. GMPR’s product GMPR1 is in the AMPK and adenosine receptor pathways and is thus associated with Tau phosphorylation in AD. This allows GMPR1 to be a therapeutic target. Therefore, we screened five possible inhibitors to GMPR1 by docking GMPR1 with 1,174 approved drugs. Among them, lumacaftor is ideal. We then tested the effects of lumacaftor on AD model mice. After 20 days of oral administration, we observed that β-Amyloid accumulation was slowed down, and phosphorylation of Tau was almost eliminated in the treated mice. We highlight the elevated expression level of GMPR in AD and propose a therapeutic strategy of inhibiting GMPR1 with lumacaftor.
Homeopathy Use in the United States and Implications for Public Health: A Review
Authors: Dossett Michelle , Yeh Gloria 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHomeopathy is used by just over 2% of the U.S. population, predominantly for respiratory, otorhinolaryngology, and musculoskeletal complaints. Individual users who see a homeopathic provider for care are more likely to perceive the therapy as helpful than those who do not; however, only 19% of users in the United States see a provider. The rest presumably rely upon over-the-counter products. Recent clinical trials highlight several areas in which homeopathy may play a role in improving public health, including infectious diseases, pain management, mental health, and cancer care. This review examines recent studies in these fields, studies assessing costs associated with homeopathic care, safety, and regulations in the United States. Data suggest the potential for public health benefit from homeopathy, especially for conditions such as upper respiratory infections and fibromyalgia.
Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Third-Trimester Depressive Symptoms in a Healthy Privately Insured Sample
Authors: Schuette Stephanie , Kominiarek Michelle , Wisner Katherine , Massey Suena 
Published: February 2018

Objectives While being overweight (body mass index [BMI] >25) prior to pregnancy is linked to antenatal depression, whether weight is confounded by socioeconomic and/or medical risks is unclear.
Study Design We assessed 66 healthy privately insured pregnant women at M = 35.0 ± 3.3 weeks for symptoms of depression (Inventory for Depressive Symptoms—Self-Report (IDS-SR 30), lifetime history of depression and other psychiatric conditions (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and pre-pregnancy BMI derived from pre-pregnancy weight (by recall) and directly measured height. Pre-pregnancy overweight (BMI > 25) and antenatal depression (score of mild or greater [14] on the IDS-SR 30) were assessed using logistic regression, controlling for past major depressive disorder (MDD) and demographic factors showing significant between group differences.
Results Pre-pregnancy overweight (n = 17; 25.8%) was associated with an increased risk of third trimester depression, independent of past MDD and marital status (odds ratio = 7.47; 95% confidence interval [2.09–26.68]; B (standard error) = 2.010 [0.650]).
Conclusion Replication in a larger sample is suggested to confirm an independent effect of pregravid overweight on third trimester depression.
Eighteen-Year Effect of Androgen Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Trans(gender) Men
Authors: Broulik Petr , Urbánek Václav , Libanský Petr 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe study explores the influence of long-term androgen supplementation (18 years) on bone metabolism in trans(gender) men. Thirty five trans(gender) men aged (47±4) were treated with adequate dose of testosterone. BMD was measured by DEXA at lumbar spine and neck and T score was determined. Biochemical parameters of bone turnover were measured in all patients. As compared with female and male age matched controls they showed a not significantly different T-score at spine [1.213±0.15 in trans(gender) men vs. 1.192±0.19 in females and 1.203±0.06 g/cm2 in males (p<0.01)]. BMD in the hip skeleton in trans(gender) men (0.950±g/cm2) was statistically higher than females (0.822±0.09) but not statistically different from normal males 0.988±0.06). Circulating biochemical markers of bone formation, and resorption were not different between the trans(gender) men, and matched controls. We conclude that BMD at the hip (site rich in cortical bone) after adequate dose of testosterone therapy is higher while it is not different at the spine (trabecular bone) in trans(gender) men even after 18 years of testosterone administration.
Endoskopisch ausgeführte Tympanoplastik mit Vorteilen
Authors: Diensthuber Marc 
Published: February 2018

Kuo CH et al. Comparison of endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
2017;274:2727–2732
Welche Vor-und Nachteile hat die endoskopisch durchgeführte Tympanoplastik? Wie sieht die Erfolgs- und die
Komplikationsrate bei alleiniger Rekonstruktion des Trommelfells und bei Wiederherstellung einer
funktionalen Gehörknöchelchenkette aus?
Gelenkbeteiligung bei Akromegalie
Authors: Patschan Susann , Patschan Daniel , Raddatz Dirk , Gollisch Katja 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Akromegalie ist eine seltene Erkrankung, welche in den meisten Fällen aus einer hypophysären Überproduktion von Wachstumshormon (GH – Growth Hormone) resultiert. Der in der Folge anhaltende IGF-1(Insulin like Growth Factor-1)-Exzess bewirkt zahlreiche morphologische und metabolische Veränderungen des Organismus inklusive Organomegalie, arterieller Hypertonie und Diabetes mellitus. Insbesondere die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität nimmt zu, diese ist auch hauptverantwortlich für vermehrte Sterblichkeit der Betroffenen. Wiewohl nicht prognoseentscheidend, manifestiert sich die Erkrankung gleichfalls am Bewegungsapparat. Drei Komplikationen sind relevant: eine Arthropathie größerer Gelenke, lumbale Wirbelsäulenveränderungen sowie das Karpaltunnelsyndrom. Die Behandlung dieser Komplikationen unterscheidet sich nicht von der Therapie anderer Krankheitsmanifestationen: entscheidend ist die Beseitigung des GH-/IGF-1-Exzesses. Je früher die Diagnose gestellt und die Behandlung eingeleitet wird, desto besser ist die Prognose, sind doch ossäre/artikuläre Veränderungen in vielen Fällen irreversibel.
Einfluss von Flossing auf die Regenerationsfähigkeit der unteren Extremität nach Kraftausdauer-Belastungen
Authors: Gorny Vanessa , Stöggl Thomas 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zusammenhang Flossing ist eine Behandlungsmethode um die Beweglichkeit, Leistungsfähigkeit und Regeneration zu verbessern sowie um Schmerzen, Ödeme und Verletzungsrisiken zu reduzieren.
Ziel Welche Auswirkungen hat Flossing auf die Regenerationsfähigkeit nach Kraftausdauer-Belastungen und den wahrgenommenen Muskelkaterschmerz?
Methodik 42 aktive, gesunde weibliche und männliche Probanden wurden randomisiert in eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 21) und Flossinggruppe (n = 21) eingeteilt. Für alle Probanden galt der gleiche Ablauf des Testprozedere: Am Mess-Zeitpunkt 1 (M1) absolvierte jeder Teilnehmer an der Beinpresse einbeinig so viele Wiederholungen wie möglich mit 65 % des Ein-Wiederholungs-Maximums (1 RM). Zwischen M1 und M2 wurde ein Ermüdungsprotokoll (3* so viele Wiederholungen wie möglich mit 65 % des 1 RM einbeinig an der Beinpresse) durchgeführt. Zum Zeitpunkt M2 (sofort nach dem Ermüdungsprogramm), M3 (30 Minuten nach dem Ermüdungsprogramm) und M4 (60 Minuten nach dem Ermüdungsprogramm) wurden erneut die maximalen Wiederholungen mit 65 % des 1 RM erfasst. Zwischen M2 und M3 erhielten die Probanden der Flossinggruppe eine dreimalige Anwendung mit dem Flossingband als Regenerationsmaßnahme für je zwei Minuten. 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h und 72 h nach der letzten Messung wurde jeweils der Muskelkaterschmerz mit der numerischen Ratingskala (NRS) (0 – 10) und „Likert-Muscle-Scale“ erfasst.
Ergebnisse Über alle vier Mess-Zeitpunkte zeigte sich kein signifikanter Effekt zugunsten der Flossinggruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Die „Likert-Muscle-Scale“ ergab kein signifikantes Ergebnis. Lediglich nach 36 h zeigten sich niedrigere NRS-Werte in der Flossinggruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (p = 0,044).
Schlussfolgerung Flossing beeinflusst die Regenerationsfähigkeit nach Kraftausdauer-Belastungen weder positiv noch negativ. Flossing hat keinen Effekt auf die Schmerzwahrnehmung bei Muskelkater.
Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Leptin Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mohammadi-Sartang Mohsen , Sohrabi Zahra , Esmaeilinezhad Zahra , Aqaeinezhad R Seyed , Jalilpiran Yahya 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe results of human clinical trials examining the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on leptin concentration are inconsistent. Our objective was to elucidate the role of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on leptin through a systematic review and a meta-analysis of available randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). We searched the PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI web of science up to February2017, in English, to identify RCTs investigating the effect of CLA supplements on plasma leptin concentrations. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the efficacy of CLA on leptin concentration by using random effects. Statistical heterogeneity, study quality, meta-regression and publication bias were used based on standard methods. Nineteen RCTs (comprising 26 treatment arms) with 1045 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Random-effect meta-analysis found a slight but not significant reduction in plasma leptin concentrations (WMD: –0.38 ng/ml, 95% CI: –1.08, 0.32, p=0.286); I2=53.24%, p=0.001), following CLA supplementation. The pooled effect size was robust and remained non-significant in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Subgroup analysis based on BMI status showed that the CLA supplementation significantly reduces leptin when used for obese subjects (WMD: –1.47 ng/ml, 95% CI: –2.15, –0.79, p<0.001) and in the subset of trials lasting<24 weeks of duration (WMD: –0.76 ng/ml, 95% CI: –1.40, –0.12, p=0.019). CLA supplementation might moderately decrease circulatory leptin levels only among obese adults for shorter than 24 weeks. Additional high-quality studies are needed to replicate our results.
A posttranslational modification of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 that enhances its mechanochemical coupling and alters its mitotic function
Authors: Muretta Joseph M. , Reddy Babu J. N. , Scarabelli Guido , Thompson Alex F. , Jariwala Shashank , Major Jennifer , Venere Monica , Rich Jeremy N. , Willard Belinda , Thomas David D. , Stumpff Jason , Grant Barry J. , Gross Steven P. , Rosenfeld Steven S. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Members of the kinesin superfamily serve a wide variety of functions, and a dominant narrative for these molecular motors has been that each member of the superfamily is uniquely specialized to serve a very limited set of functions. However, it is now appreciated that many members of this group serve several distinct physiological roles, and it has been unclear how these kinesins accomplish this functional flexibility. In this report, we describe a posttranslational modification of the kinesin 5 family member Eg5 that dramatically alters its chemomechanical behavior to make it function much more efficiently under load and in ensembles. This work provides the biophysical context required to mechanistically understand the effects of modified Eg5 in dividing cells.
Structurally modulated codelivery of siRNA and Argonaute 2 for enhanced RNA interference
Authors: Li Jiahe , Wu Connie , Wang Wade , He Yanpu , Elkayam Elad , Joshua-Tor Leemor , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has great potential to specifically target undruggable genes in many diseases. Despite its great promise, few siRNAs have been clinically approved due to limited therapeutic efficacy. We propose that one major barrier to RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapy is that the siRNA must form a bound complex with a “scissor” protein, Argonaute 2 (Ago2), after it is released in the cytoplasm. We take the approach of preassembling the duplex siRNA with Ago2 protein, and then packaging the complex with commercial transfection reagents or structurally defined polycations that specifically enhance the clustering of siRNA with Ago2. This unique approach augments gene silencing in cell lines and a melanoma mouse model, providing a potential translatable platform for RNAi therapies.
Bacteriocyte cell death in the pea aphid/
Buchnera
symbiotic system
Authors: Simonet Pierre , Gaget Karen , Balmand Séverine , Ribeiro Lopes Mélanie , Parisot Nicolas , Buhler Kurt , Duport Gabrielle , Vulsteke Veerle , Febvay Gérard , Heddi Abdelaziz , Charles Hubert , Callaerts Patrick , Calevro Federica 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Beneficial symbiotic associations, ubiquitously found in nature, have led to the emergence of eukaryotic cells, the bacteriocytes, specialized in harboring microbial partners. One of the most fundamental questions concerning these enigmatic cells is how organismal homeostasis controls their elimination. Here we report that aphid bacteriocytes have evolved a form of cell death distinct from the conserved cell-death mechanisms hitherto characterized. This cell-death mechanism is a nonapoptotic multistep process that starts with the hypervacuolation of the endoplasmic reticulum, followed by a cascade of cellular stress responses. Our findings provide a framework to study biological functioning of bacteriocytes and the cellular mechanisms associated with symbiosis and contribute to the understanding of eukaryotic cell-death diversity.
Mechanism of ubiquitin transfer promoted by TRAF6
Authors: Fu Tian-Min , Shen Chen , Li Qiubai , Zhang Pengfei , Wu Hao 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Polyubiquitination is critically important for many cellular functions from protein degradation to signal transduction. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a RING-type ubiquitin ligase that promotes polyubiquitination required for the signaling of many innate immune receptors. How TRAF6 uses its RING dimer to facilitate polyubiquitination remains elusive. In this paper, we mapped TRAF6 residues on both subunits of the TRAF6 dimer that are required for this process via allosteric activation. We found that in addition to the RING domain itself, residues outside the RING domain play indispensable roles. Moreover, our studies reveal common features for the activation of polyubiquitination by the RING family and related domains, which shed light on the functional mechanisms of both dimeric and monomeric ubiquitin ligases.
Degrees of grammaticalization and measure constructions in Italian
Authors: Giacalone Ramat Anna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAgainst the background of recent debate on Grammaticalization Theory, this study will provide an overview of some Italian quantifying expressions whose original head is a measure noun. The binominal expressions analysed indicate a quantity, either large or small; as such, they can be substituted by canonical quantifiers such asmolto“much” orun po’“a little”. I claim that their functioning as quantifier is the result of a process of grammaticalization, through which the original head noun of the complex construction has been reanalysed as quantifier. At a closer look, however, the degrees of grammaticalization appear different for specific items, as well as the sources providing the recruitment of new quantifiers. The specific collocational patterns that trigger the pragmatic inferences prior to their semanticization and reanalysis have not as yet received sufficient attention. Adopting a diachronic Construction Grammar approach, the paper discusses various case studies and provides a number of descriptive and theoretical insights concerning the rise of distinct grammaticalization patterns.
Differences between linguists and subject-matter experts in the medical translation practice
Authors: Muñoz-Miquel Ana 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In the literature on medical translation, the question as to who translates (or should translate) medical texts has been largely discussed on the basis of the traditional linguists versus subject-matter experts opposition. Both scholars and professional translators have attempted to determine medical translators’ profile by making statements about the characteristics of translators with a linguistic background and those of translators with a scientific-medical one. These statements are generally based on intuition or personal experience rather than on empirical data which can be used to back up any kind of evaluation that may be made. This paper aims to bridge this gap by presenting the results of an empirical descriptive study which surveyed practicing medical translators. The survey included questions such as academic qualification, years of experience, customers, genres translated, main difficulties encountered, and degree of self-instruction received, among others. On the basis of these data, this paper approaches the medical translators’ profile and explores the main differences between translators with a linguistic background and translators with a scientific-medical one. The results show that some of the most substantial differences between them relate to the years of experience, difficulties encountered, documentation resources used, and training needs.
Dubbing vs. subtitling
Authors: Perego Elisa , Del Missier Fabio , Stragà Marta 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDespite the claims regarding the potential disruptiveness of subtitling for audiovisual processing, existing empirical evidence supports the idea that subtitle processing is semi-automatic and cognitively effective, and that, in moderately complex viewing scenarios, dubbing does not necessarily help viewers. In this paper we appraise whether the complexity of the translated audiovisual material matters for the cognitive and evaluative reception of subtitled vs. dubbed audiovisual material. To this aim, we present the results of two studies on the viewers’ reception of film translation (dubbing vs. subtitling), in which we investigate the cognitive and evaluative consequences of audiovisual complexity. In Study 1, the results show that a moderately complex film is processed effectively and is enjoyed irrespective of the translation method. In Study 2, the subtitling (vs. dubbing) of a more complex film leads to more effortful processing and lower cognitive performance, but not to a lessened appreciation. These results expose the boundaries of subtitle processing, which are reached only when the audiovisual material to be processed is complex, and they encourage scholars and practitioners to reconsider old standards as well as to invest more effort in crafting diverse types of audiovisual translations tailored both to the degree of complexity of the source product and to the individual differences of the target viewers.
Effects of emulsifying conditions on creaming effect, mechanical properties and microstructure of processed cheese using a rapid visco-analyzer
Authors: Fu Wei , Watanabe Yurika , Satoh Hayaka , Inoue Keita , Moriguchi Natsumi , Fusa Kazunao , Yanagisawa Yuya , Mutoh Takaaki , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The creaming effects, mechanical properties and microstructures of processed cheeses were investigated under different emulsifying conditions using a rapid visco-analyzer, and the changes in protein network related to the creaming effect and the occurrence of yielding points were discussed. The higher stirring speed affected the fat globules to be smaller, and gave the processed cheese more firmness at fixed stirring time. The longer stirring time caused the protein network to become fine-stranded. A fine-stranded structure promoted the creaming effect, and hence the formation of yielding point in the mechanical properties. The emulsifying salts had active effects on the creaming effect and mechanical properties at longer stirring time. The fine-stranded structures were shown in the cases of a binary mixture of polyphosphate and disodium phosphate (PDSP), polyphosphate (PP), and trisodium citrate (TSC). Monophosphate (MP) showed the lowest ability to alter the protein network, but was assisted at the higher stirring speed.