bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedural implications of market definition in platform cases
Authors: Ducci Francesco 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The central and often neglected problem in the evaluation of competitive effects in platform cases is that the boundaries of the relevant market, usually simply a tool for the analysis of market power, can give raise to substantially different procedural routes depending on whether the antitrust market comprises the platform as a whole or just one side. Based on a comparative assessment across jurisdictions, the article argues that the excessive importance of the relevant market creates a potential mismatch between the economic consequences and doctrinal implications stemming from market definition in multi-sided platform cases. The article concludes that a more desirable framework for evaluating competitive effects should remain independent from the way market definition is carried out.
Decrease in size at maturity of female American lobsters Homarus americanus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (Decapoda: Astacidea: Nephropidae) over a 50-year period in Maine, USA
Authors: Waller Jesica D , Reardon Kathleen M , Caron Sarah E , Masters Henry M , Summers Erin L , Wilson Carl J 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe size at which female American lobsters Homarus americanus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) reach maturity was determined for females collected from inshore (< 3 nautical miles, or 5.5 km) Boothbay Harbor (BBH), Maine, USA in 2018. A total of 272 females were collected during a three-week period in the spring and each female was assigned a maturity status (immature or mature) based on ovarian staging. These determinations were then compared to two similar female-maturity studies undertaken in BBH by the Maine Department of Marine Resources over the last 50 years. The comparison revealed that the length at which 50% of females reach maturity has decreased by 5 mm over the last 25 years and a significant difference between maturity ogives generated over time in BBH. Cement-gland stage was also recorded for all females and further analysis revealed no significant difference between maturity ogives generated using ovarian and cement-gland staging. Results indicate that cement-gland staging is an effective maturity assessment method in female lobsters from this region. Because there is a well-documented relationship between temperature and size at maturity in crustaceans, we also examined changes in sea-surface temperature during this period in BBH. We found that the region has warmed significantly over this period of time with extreme high temperatures occurring more frequently during the last 25 years. Our results can be used to update key parameters in the stock-assessment model related to growth and egg production in the Gulf of Maine/George’s Bank stock. These findings can also be used to inform future management decisions related to the carapace length of harvested lobsters and the preservation of mature females.
Holocene Population Decline and Conservation Implication for the Western Hercules Beetle, Dynastes grantii (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Huang Jen-Pan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Western Hercules beetle (Dynastes grantii) is endemic to the highland forest habitats of southwestern United States and northern Mexico. The habitats harbor many endemic species, but are being threatened by rapid climate change and urban development. In this study, the genetic structure of D. grantii populations from southwestern United States was investigated. Specifically, genomic data from double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing libraries were utilized to test whether geographically distant populations from the Mogollon Rim (Arizona [N = 12 individuals] and New Mexico [N = 10 individuals]) are genetically structured. The study also estimated the effective population size of the Mogollon Rim populations based on genetic diversity. The results indicated that the 2 geographic populations from the Mogollon Rim were not genetically structured. A population size reduction was detected since the end of the last glacial period, which coincided with a reduction of forest habitat in the study area. The results implied that the connectivity and the size of highland forest habitats in the Mogollon Rim could have been the major factors shaping the population genetic structure and demographic history of D. grantii. The Western Hercules beetle could be a useful flagship species for local natural history education and to promote the conservation of highland forest habitats.
The Impact of Protein Architecture on Adaptive Evolution
Authors: Moutinho Ana Filipa , Trancoso Fernanda Fontes , Dutheil Julien Yann 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdaptive mutations play an important role in molecular evolution. However, the frequency and nature of these mutations at the intramolecular level are poorly understood. To address this, we analyzed the impact of protein architecture on the rate of adaptive substitutions, aiming to understand how protein biophysics influences fitness and adaptation. Using Drosophila melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana population genomics data, we fitted models of distribution of fitness effects and estimated the rate of adaptive amino-acid substitutions both at the protein and amino-acid residue level. We performed a comprehensive analysis covering genome, gene, and protein structure, by exploring a multitude of factors with a plausible impact on the rate of adaptive evolution, such as intron number, protein length, secondary structure, relative solvent accessibility, intrinsic protein disorder, chaperone affinity, gene expression, protein function, and protein–protein interactions. We found that the relative solvent accessibility is a major determinant of adaptive evolution, with most adaptive mutations occurring at the surface of proteins. Moreover, we observe that the rate of adaptive substitutions differs between protein functional classes, with genes encoding for protein biosynthesis and degradation signaling exhibiting the fastest rates of protein adaptation. Overall, our results suggest that adaptive evolution in proteins is mainly driven by intermolecular interactions, with host–pathogen coevolution likely playing a major role.
A Mn-sensing riboswitch activates expression of a Mn2+/Ca2+ ATPase transporter in Streptococcus
Authors: Martin Julia E , Le My T , Bhattarai Nabin , Capdevila Daiana A , Shen Jiangchuan , Winkler Malcolm E , Giedroc David P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Maintaining manganese (Mn) homeostasis is important for the virulence of numerous bacteria. In the human respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, the Mn-specific importer PsaBCA, exporter MntE, and transcriptional regulator PsaR establish Mn homeostasis. In other bacteria, Mn homeostasis is controlled by yybP-ykoY family riboswitches. Here, we characterize a yybP-ykoY family riboswitch upstream of the mgtA gene encoding a PII-type ATPase in S. pneumoniae, suggested previously to function in Ca2+ efflux. We show that the mgtA riboswitch aptamer domain adopts a canonical yybP-ykoY structure containing a three-way junction that is compacted in the presence of Ca2+ or Mn2+ at a physiological Mg2+ concentration. Although Ca2+ binds to the RNA aptamer with higher affinity than Mn2+, in vitro activation of transcription read-through of mgtA by Mn2+ is much greater than by Ca2+. Consistent with this result, mgtA mRNA and protein levels increase ≈5-fold during cellular Mn stress, but only in genetic backgrounds of S. pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis that exhibit Mn2+ sensitivity, revealing that this riboswitch functions as a failsafe ‘on’ signal to prevent Mn2+ toxicity in the presence of high cellular Mn2+. In addition, our results suggest that the S. pneumoniae yybP-ykoY riboswitch functions to regulate Ca2+ efflux under these conditions.
The Mediation Process: Challenges to Neutrality and the Delivery of Procedural Justice
Authors: De Girolamo Debbie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Ethnographic data suggest that the mediator role transcends that of the neutral third-party intervener described in the literature. The mediator becomes part of the mediated negotiation process, at times separate from the parties, aligned with the parties or in opposition to the parties. This is analysed in this article in relation to concepts of neutrality and procedural justice, two concepts much discussed in the mediation literature, often recognised as core features of the mediation process. The justice consciousness of the parties to the process is also explored through ethnographic data for what it reveals about concepts of justice from the parties’ perspective. The article concludes by challenging the dictum of the mediation literature that the process offers procedural justice to its participants.
Infections as triggers of flares in systemic autoimmune diseases: novel innate immunity mechanisms
Authors: Torres-Aguilar Honorio , Sosa-Luis Sorely A. , Aguilar-Ruiz Sergio R. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
The innate immune response (IIR) has to be immediate facing pathogens, and effective to induce a long-lasting adaptive immunity and immune memory. In genetically susceptible individuals, beyond a first defense, a chronically activated by infections IIR may represent a trigger for the onset or flares in systemic autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the recent scientific literature in this regard and highlights the key issues needing investigation.

Recent findings
Thanks to its high specificity mediated by pattern recognition receptors, the IIR is not called unspecific anymore. The discovery of these increasingly accurate recognizing molecular mechanisms has also evidenced their involvement in breaking self-immune tolerance and to maintain chronic inflammation in autoimmune responses. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETS) as the main source of antinuclear antibodies; the ‘neutrophils-pDC activation loop’ theory; and the Th1/Th2/Th17 misbalances induced by microbial products because of chronically activated innate immune cells, are some of the recent uncovered IIR origins involved in infectious-induced systemic autoimmune diseases.

Summary
A deeper understanding of the genetic predisposition and the pathogen-derived factors responsible to exacerbate the IIR might potentially provide therapeutic targets to counteract flares in systemic autoimmune diseases.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COR/A44
Validation of Simplified Chinese Version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SC-PSEQ) and SC-PSEQ-2 for Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain in Mainland China
Authors: Yang Yilin , Yang Mingyuan , Bai Jinyi , Zhao Jian , Chen Kai , Zhou Xiaoyi , Wei Xianzhao , Li Ming 
Published: May 2019

Study Design.
A prospective study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to develop the simplified Chinese version of Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) (SC-PESQ) and PSEQ-2 (SC-PSEQ-2), and evaluate the psychometric properties of the two questionnaires in patients with nonspecific low back pain.

Summary of Background Data.
PSEQ has been cross-culturally adapted into many languages with excellent reliability and validity. Recently, the short form of PSEQ-2 was developed and exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. However, PSEQ and PSEQ-2 has not been translated or validated in mainland China.

Methods.
The original version of PSEQ and PSEQ-2 was linguistically translated and adapted to formulate the simplified Chinese version, which was then administrated by 219 patients with low back pain, along with a set of self-report health-related instruments. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SC-PESQ and SC-PSEQ-2.

Results.
Two hundred nineteen patients with nonspecific low back pain were enlisted into the analysis. The SC-PSEQ and SC-PSEQ-2 had been determined excellent internal consistency (Cronbach alpha, 0.95 and 0.83), test-retest reliability (overall ICC, 0.91 and 0.88), and sound construct validity, which were supported by moderately strong association with the criterion measures, respectively. In addition, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have found and confirmed one-factor solution in SC-PSEQ as hypothesized.

Conclusion.
The SC-PESQ and SC-PSEQ-2 showed satisfactory psychometric properties in Chinese population with low back pain, and could be safely utilized to evaluating the self-efficacy in clinical and research setting.

Level of Evidence: 4
Reversible Conduction Failure in Chronic Immune-Mediated Sensorimotor and Autonomic Polyneuropathy
Authors: Shouman Kamal , Dhamne Megha , Li Yuebing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Reversible conduction failure (RCF) has been described in several subtypes of Guillain–Barre syndrome and is typically observed within the first 10 weeks. We describe the presence of RCF lasting for at least 9 months or longer without secondary axonal degeneration in a case of chronic sensorimotor and autonomic polyneuropathy. A 63-year-old woman presented with lower back pain, limb pain, paresthesia, and weakness after a sinus infection. She was diagnosed with mild Guillain–Barre syndrome and treated symptomatically. Four months later, she developed symptoms of dysautonomia and worsening neuropathic pain, and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin led to significant clinical improvement. Electrodiagnostic study revealed significant improvement, manifesting as increased response amplitudes, improved conduction velocities, shortening of distal latencies, and reduction of sensory and motor response durations without temporal dispersion, thus fitting to the RCF definition. Detection of RCF may have further important implications in the evaluation and management of chronic immune-mediated polyneuropathy.
Subgroup Differences and Determinants of Patient-Reported Mental and Physical Health in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Palm Pernille , Herning Margrethe , Christensen Anne Vinggaard , Borregaard Britt , Nielsen Kathrine Sjøstedt Gandrup , Thrysoee Lars , Thorup Charlotte Brun , Mols Rikke , Juel Knud , Ekholm Ola , Berg Selina Kikkenborg 
Published: May 2019

Background:
A growing population is living with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are reliable prognostic tools. Studies exploring PROs are needed to identify vulnerable patients and guide targeted healthcare strategies.

Objectives:
The aims of this study were to (i) describe PROs at hospital discharge across 3 diagnostic subgroups: (1) chronic IHD/stable angina, (2) non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI)/unstable angina, and (3) ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and (ii) examine determinants for PROs at hospital discharge in patients with IHD.

Methods:
This study included a national cohort with register-data linkage including 14 115 adults with IHD discharged from Danish heart centers. Eligible patients (n = 13 476) were invited to complete a questionnaire, and 7 167 (53%) responded. Questionnaires included the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 12, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, EuroQoL, HeartQoL, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale, and ancillary questions. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from national registers. Student t test, χ
2 test, and adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate subgroup differences, and adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore determinants for PROs.

Results:
Statistically significant subgroup differences were found, with groups reporting worst to best scores for most of PROs being as follows: chronic IHD/stable angina, non-STEMI/unstable angina, and STEMI. Symptoms of anxiety were highly prevalent in the non-STEMI/unstable angina group, with 33.8% exceeding a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Anxiety cutoff score indicating a possible anxiety disorder. Determinants for worse PROs included female sex, lower educational level, obesity, and poor physical fitness.

Conclusions:
Significant differences in PROs across IHD subgroups were observed and determinants for poor outcomes suggested. Results may guide differentiated care initiatives and resource allocation for preventative strategies.
Factors Associated With Nurses' Acceptance of the Electronic Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Beasley Brittany , Barone Claudia P. , Heo Seongkum , Wright Patricia B. , Selig James P. , Rhoads Sarah , Griebel Jack 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Telemedicine intensivist-led intensive care (electronic intensive care unit [eICU®]) is recommended when on-site intensivist-led intensive care is not available. Although the effects of eICU on patient outcomes are comparable with bedside intensivist-led care, not all implementations of eICU are successful in improving patient outcomes. Therefore, the aims of this study were to (1) examine the associations of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, nurses' attitudes toward eICU, and intention to use and (2) determine which participant characteristics were associated with these four dependent variables.

Methods:
This cross-sectional, correlational study asked bedside registered nurses to complete an anonymous online survey to explore their acceptance of eICU.

Results:
Nurses' attitude toward eICU and intention-to-use eICU demonstrated the strongest association, r(120) = 0.83, p < .001. The most significant variable associated with perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, nurses' attitudes toward eICU, and intention to use was support from nurses. In addition, support from physicians was significantly associated with perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and nurses' attitudes toward eICU.

Conclusions:
Support from both bedside physicians and registered nurses in the intensive care unit had the most association with acceptance of the eICU service. Gaining their support to use an eICU service is essential.
Common Risk Stratification of Hospital and Ambulatory Patients
Authors: Cowen Mark E. , Walsh Martha M. , Posa Patricia J. , Leeman Lauren R. , Van Hoek Elizabeth , Czerwinski Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The care of patients with multiple chronic conditions and those near the end-of-life is often compromised by miscommunications among the healthcare teams. These might be improved by using common risk strata for both hospital and ambulatory settings. We developed, validated, and implemented an all-payer ambulatory risk stratification based on the patients' predicted probability of dying within 30 days, for a large multispecialty practice. Strata had comparable 30-day mortality rates to hospital strata already in use. The high-risk ambulatory strata contained less than 20% of the ambulatory population yet captured 85% of those with 3 or more comorbidities, more than 80% of those who would die 30 or 180 days from the date of scoring, and two-thirds of those with a nonsurgical hospitalization within the next 30 days. We provide examples how the practice and partner hospital have begun to use this common framework for their clinical care model.
Relationship Between Middle Ear Volume and Long-term Audiological Outcomes in Congenital Aural Atresia Repair
Authors: Imbery Terence E. , Maldonado Michael , Mukherjee Sugoto , Kesser Bradley W. 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
To assess the association of middle ear volume with long-term hearing outcomes in congenital aural atresia (CAA) repair.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart and radiological review.

Setting:
Single academic tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Children and adults who underwent CAA repair between 1995 and 2016. Patients were divided into “best” and “worst” audiometric groups, based on stability of postoperative air conduction pure-tone average (AC PTA) results. Ten patients were included for study in the “best” group, and 12 in the “worst” group.

Intervention(s):
CAA repair.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Long-term (> 1 yr) postoperative three-tone (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) AC PTA, speech reception threshold (SRT), air bone gap, and semiautomated calculated middle ear volume from preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans.

Results:
Statistically significant differences were noted between “best” and “worst” groups in AC PTA, SRT, and air bone gap (p < 0.001). Mean middle ear volume in the “best” group was 434.6 mm3 (range 326.3–602.1 mm3) and 339.5 mm3 (range 199.4–502.1 mm3) in the “worst” group (p = 0.02). The majority in both groups were right ears (p = 0.38), and males outnumbered females in the “best” group (9 out of 10; p = 0.018). Preoperative Jahrsdoerfer grading scores were similar between groups (p = 0.31). Mean follow-up for the “best” and “worst” groups was approximately 3.5 and 4.5 yr, respectively.

Conclusions:
For patients undergoing CAA repair, larger middle ear volume is associated with stable and better long-term audiometric outcomes.
Extended Retro/Infralabyrinthine Approach to Cerebellopontine Angle and Internal Auditory Canal, a Radio-Anatomic Study
Authors: Kouhi Ali , Firouzifar Mohammadreza , Dabiri Sasan 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:
There is a considerable controversy about approaches that preserve hearing in acoustic neuroma surgery. Transtemporal approaches have the advantage of extradural drilling and minimal cerebellar retraction. We aimed to measure the limits and exposure of extended infra/retrolabyrinthine approach using temporal bone dissection and temporal high resolution computed tomography (HRCT).

Materials and Methods:
Hundred temporal bone sides (unpaired) underwent HRCT. The images were used to estimate the limits and exposure of infra/retrolabyrinthine approach. Also, 10 temporal bone sides underwent the same imaging protocol then were dissected to measure actual exposure and limits of dissection. These measures were compared with those retrieved by HRCT to find if they are appropriate to be applied in general population.

Results:
Mean posterior fossa angle of vision (24.5 degrees), retrolabyrinthine (internal auditory canal) IAC (58.6%), and infralabyrinthine IAC exposures (73.2%) were documented based on data retrieved from CT scan. After temporal bone dissection, posterior fossa (p = 0.139) and infralabyrinthine exposures (p = 0.674) were not statistically different comparing with measures retrieved from CT scan; however, retrolabyrinthine exposure was overestimated (p = 0.012).

Conclusion:
We found that at least 20% more of IAC length can be exposed by extension of retrolabyrinthine to infralabyrinthine dissection. Infralabyrinthine exposure can be estimated preoperatively using temporal bone CT but the same is not true for retrolabyrinthine exposure.