bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori Management in Africa: A Survey of Diagnostic, Treatment, and Related Resources
Authors: Mashiko Setshedi , Ifeanyi Smith Stella , Rose Ugiagbe , Abiodun Otegbayo Jesse , Jaka Hyasinta , Charles Onyekwere , Abdulrashid Nashidengo , Violet Kayamba , Evariste Tshibangu‐Kabamba , Dennis Ndububa , Revathi Gunturu , Naima Lahbabi‐Amrani , Abraham Ajayi , Jolaiya Tolulope Funbi , Yakhya Dieye , Mohamed Alboraie , Roland Ndip 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori) prevalence in Africa has declined in the last decade, it remains concerningly high. H. pylori is asymptomatic in the majority of patients but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in 10%–20%.Materials and MethodsWe conducted an online survey of 21 African countries, with the link distributed to members of the African Helicobacter Microbiota Study Group. The survey was completed by 562 respondents; the majority were from Nigeria (27.2%), South Africa (18.1%), Tanzania (17.6%), Egypt (16.9%), and Cameroon (14.2%).ResultsThe most common reason for H. pylori testing was dyspepsia in 83.9% of the cases. Abnormal findings at gastroscopy (62.3%) and heartburn (61.7%) were also common indications. Stool antigen testing and histological examination of gastric biopsies using Giemsa were the two most used methods for H. pylori testing at 62.3% and 50.3%, respectively. Most respondents reported the use of standard clarithromycin‐based triple therapy as first‐line treatment for H. pylori infection.ConclusionThis survey has demonstrated the diversity of practice and resource availability within the African continent. Several international guidelines exist on the management of H. pylori, but little data is available in Africa on how this condition is managed in every day clinical practice. There is an urgent need to formulate evidence‐based and locally relevant practice guidelines on the African continent. In this context, the African Helicobacter and Microbiota study group was formed to coordinate efforts across the continent on H. pylori research to provide guidance on its management. This paper, therefore, aimed to evaluate the practice of H. pylori diagnostics and management, as well as related resources in representative countries in Africa, to facilitate the development of such guidelines.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a novel training model in dental preclinical regenerative endodontic education
Authors: Hu Jia , Chen Ruonan , Wang Xiuqing , Lu Guoying , Zhang Ming , Huang Xiaojing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimRegenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are tissue engineering‐based treatments aimed at regenerating the pulp‐dentin complex. However, these procedures are not widely practiced or well‐known among dentists due to a lack of training. This study aims to develop a practical hands‐on training model for REPs to enhance students' theoretical knowledge and practical skills.MethodologyA cost‐effective, easy‐to‐operate, and reusable training model for preclinical training of REPs was developed. A total of 125 undergraduates were divided into an experimental group (REPs model) and a control group (traditional teaching). The students' theoretical knowledge and operational skills were assessed through examinations and practical assessments. Student perceptions were assessed by questionnaires.ResultsThe experimental group achieved higher scores in theoretical knowledge and operational skills compared to the control group (p < .001). The process evaluation of the experimental group demonstrated a high level of proficiency in executing root canal disinfection steps, with pass rates ranging from 93.5% to 95.2%. Students in both groups perceived the model as valuable for improving critical thinking, stimulating interest, and enhancing their confidence and proficiency.ConclusionThe developed REPs training model is a practical and effective tool for teaching and training regenerative endodontics. It bridges the gap between preclinical and clinical education, enhancing students' confidence and clinical competence.
Wound closure techniques after wide excision for hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cucu Corina Ioana , Ciobotariu Irina , Paradisi Andrea , Di Nardo Lucia , Fossati Barbara , Mannino Maria , Malvaso Dalma , Chiricozzi Andrea , Peris Ketty 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects intertriginous skin areas, clinically characterized by recurrent inflamed nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, and severe scars. Systemic treatments may provide temporary relief, while wide surgical excision offers prolonged disease‐free periods. We evaluated the most efficient wound closure methods following wide excision of HS lesions in terms of recurrence, functionality, and quality of life. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov, adhering to the PRISMA 2020 criteria. We included original studies published until February 2024, focusing on wound closure methods post‐wide excision for HS. Data from 121 papers were analyzed using network and direct meta‐analysis methods to compare recurrence and postoperative complication rates. From 1181 articles, 121 were included in the meta‐analysis after removing duplicates and excluding publications that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Recurrence rates were associated with the type of reconstruction technique as follows: primary closure, 25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20–30%); skin grafts, 18% (95% CI, 14–22%), and flaps, 12% (95% CI, 9–15%). Secondary intention healing showed a recurrence rate of 28% (95% CI, 23–33%). Flaps were associated with the lowest recurrence rates compared to other surgery techniques.
Les esprits animaux à l'œuvre? Moral des entreprises et demande de main‐d'œuvre pendant la pandémie de COVID‐19
Authors: BELLO Ridwan Bolaji 
Published: November 2024

RésuméLe rôle central, dans le comportement des agents économiques, de croyances spontanées non justifiées par les fondamentaux économiques est théorisé de longue date. L'auteur examine si le moral des entreprises a influé sur leur comportement immédiatement après l'apparition du COVID‐19. À partir d'un échantillon d'entreprises italiennes, il montre que leurs anticipations concernant la reprise des ventes reflétaient en grande partie des impressions non expliquées par leur expérience liée au COVID‐19 et influant elles‐mêmes sur la demande de main‐d'œuvre; les entreprises relativement pessimistes étaient plus susceptibles que les autres de comprimer les effectifs, par exemple en recourant au chômage partiel et à la réduction du temps de travail.
Evaluating the Economic and Epidemiological Impact of RSV Hospitalizations in Southern Austria [Southern Austria Respiratory Syncytial Virus INpatient Investigation (ARNI Study)]
Authors: Sever Yildiz G. , Resch E. , Strenger V. , Eber E. , Resch B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveRSV bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants and young children. We aimed to document the economic burden and epidemiology of RSV over seven seasons in Southern Austria.Patients and MethodsAll RSV‐associated hospitalized (PCR‐proven) children ≤ 5 years of age between 1 October 2015 and 30 April 2022 were collected retrospectively. Demographic and epidemiologic data, along with hospitalization costs (direct and indirect), were calculated.ResultsAmong 976 children hospitalized due to RSV infection, 87% were healthy term infants, and 79% were < 12 months old. Prematurity (13%) and pre‐existing conditions (11%) significantly impacted older children—59% of cases in the 2nd compared with 68% in the 1st year of live. RSV‐related hospital costs were approximately €2.0 millions per year (of a total of 60 millions per year). RSV accounted for 19% of hospitalizations due to acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children ≤ 5 years, 37% of all ARI < 6 months, 28% of all ARI < 12 and 6.3% of all‐cause hospitalizations < 12 months of age, respectively.ConclusionsEvery 5th hospitalization due to respiratory illness in children ≤ 5 years of age was associated with RSV, representing 7.9% of all hospitalizations and 3.3% of all paediatric hospitalization costs.
Uncovering adults' problem‐solving patterns from process data with hidden Markov model and network analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Bulut Okan , Cui Ying , Gao Yizhu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundProcess data captured by computer‐based assessments provide valuable insight into respondents' cognitive processes during problem‐solving tasks. Although previous studies have utilized process data to analyse behavioural patterns or strategies in problem‐solving tasks, the connection between latent cognitive states and their theoretical interpretation in problem solving remains unclear.ObjectivesThis research aims to investigate the connections between similar hidden response states and unfold respondents' transition paths in problem‐solving processes. Analysing process data from the 2012 United States Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), this study seeks to discern patterns in problem solving among participants.MethodsThe hidden Markov model was first used to uncover the hidden states based on a sequence of observed actions. Next, Gaussian graphical network analysis was employed to analyse the relationships between hidden response states.Results and ConclusionsResults indicated that correct responders had simpler, clearer state relationships, while incorrect responders displayed more complex connections. Respondents who solved the tasks correctly had clearer thoughts about the problem‐solving process, whereas incorrect respondents struggled to understand the problem and failed to figure out solutions. Cognitive state changes during problem solving also varied between groups. The correct groups showed cohesive, logical transitions, in contrast to the emerged isolated, erratic patterns of the incorrect groups.
Impact of family income on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus and the associated birth outcomes: A nationwide study
Authors: Yen Fu‐Shun , Wei James Cheng‐Chung , Wu Yi‐Ling , Lo Yu‐Ru , Chen Chih‐Ming , Hwu Chii‐Min , Hsu Chih‐Cheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionThe relationship between economic disadvantages and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as its impact on birth outcomes, remains uncertain.Materials and MethodsFrom the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database, we identified 984,712 pregnant women between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2018. Using propensity score matching, we selected 5,068 pairs of women across four income levels: very low, low, middle and high. We used a multivariable Cox regression model to assess the risk of GDM in these pregnant women and analyzed the birth outcomes.ResultsThe mean age of the pregnant women was 30.89 years. We found no significant difference in GDM risk among pregnant women with different family income. However, newborns of women with GDM and very low‐income were at higher risk for several adverse conditions, such as small for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.31), large for gestational age (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.51), hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (aOR 3.19, 95% CI 1.15–8.86), respiratory distress (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.14–2. 19), congenital anomalies (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.62), jaundice requiring phototherapy or exchange transfusion (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24) and so on.ConclusionsThis study found that low family income alone was not associated with GDM development. However, for a GDM pregnancy, pregnant women with lower income had worse birth outcomes. Improving maternal health and nutrition among low‐income pregnant women with GDM might be critical to improving birth outcomes.
Prenatal And Postpartum Care Experiences Among Black Birthing People In The United States: An Integrative Review
Authors: Segovia Laura M. , Neiman Emily , Gillespie Shannon L. , Jancsura McKenzie K. , Anderson Cindy M. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAmong Black birthing people, high‐quality, respectful care throughout pregnancy and postpartum is hindered by distrust, racial discrimination, and unsatisfactory care. The purpose of this integrative review was to examine prenatal and postpartum care experiences among Black birthing people in the United States.MethodsA literature search, spanning from inception through October 6, 2022, across 4 research databases, used a combination of keywords to capture reports on care experiences among Black birthing people. We included quantitative and qualitative studies in the United States with people who self‐identified as Black or African American and reported prenatal or postpartum health care experiences. Intrapartum experiences were excluded. All studies were evaluated with the Mixed‐Methods Appraisal Tool, National Institutes of Health Study Quality Assessment tool, or Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Data were analyzed and synthesized using the Joanna Briggs Institute convergent integrated approach to incorporate quantitative and qualitative research.ResultsA total of 16 studies published over 27 years met the inclusion criteria. All studies examined the health care experiences of Black birthing people during prenatal or postpartum care. None of the studies focused solely on postpartum care experiences. The 2 most prominent themes were models of care and patient‐provider interactions, encompassing both positive and negative experiences. Positive care experiences included collaborative patient‐provider interactions, continuity of care, and culturally centered care. Adverse experiences were more frequently noted and involved discriminatory treatment during patient‐provider interactions, fragmented care models, and a lack of cultural awareness.DiscussionBlack birthing people in the United States report some positive but more negative health care experiences during pregnancy and postpartum care, which may play an important role in health inequities. Promoting prenatal and postpartum care models that provide continuity and are high‐quality, collaborative, and culturally centered were identified as high‐priority targets to foster patient safety and improve clinical outcomes.
Primary glomerular diseases and long‐term adverse health outcomes: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Faucon Anne‐Laure , Lando Stefania , Chrysostomou Charikleia , Wijkström Julia , Lundberg Sigrid , Bellocco Rino , Segelmark Mårten , Evans Marie , Carrero Juan‐Jesús 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough glomerular diseases are the third most frequent cause of end‐stage kidney disease worldwide, little is known about their long‐term outcomes.MethodsIn patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3–5 enrolled in the Swedish Renal Registry, we compared risks of hospitalization, kidney replacement therapy (KRT), major cardiovascular events (MACE), and death of the four most frequent primary glomerular diseases (IgA nephropathy [IgAN], focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS], minimal change disease [MCD], and membranous nephropathy [MN]), and patients with CKD due to the most common non‐communicable diseases (control‐CKD).ResultsWe identified 2396 patients with glomerular disease (97% biopsy‐proven, 69% men, 57 years, eGFR 29 mL/min/1.73 m2, uACR 88 mg/mmol, 1524 with IgAN, 398 FSGS, 94 MCD, and 380 MN) and 37,697 controls (64% men, 74 years, eGFR 25 mL/min/1.73 m2, uACR 23 mg/mmol), mainly with diabetic nephropathy and nephroangiosclerosis. The median follow‐up was 6.3 (3.3; 9.9) years. Compared with control‐CKD, patients with primary glomerular diseases generally had a lower risk of hospitalization, MACE (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] ranging from 0.44 to 0.88 depending on the etiology) and death (HRs ranging 0.45–0.76). Patients with IgAN and FSGS had a faster eGFR decline and a higher rate of KRT (HRs 1.26 [95%CI: 1.15–1.37] and 1.34 [1.15–1.57], respectively). Conversely, patients with MN and MCD had a lower KRT rate and slower eGFR decline.ConclusionDespite having a lower relative risk of hospitalization, cardiovascular events and mortality, patients with IgAN and FSGS are at higher risk of CKD progression than the most common etiologies of CKD, emphasizing the need for more stringent treatment strategies in these patients.
Association among major adverse cardiovascular events with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Haixia , Zheng Yanfei , Li Bin , Zhi Yinghao , Chen Mingxian , Zeng Jing , Jiao Qian , Tao Yuxuan , Liu Xinmei , Shen Zican , Zhang Jiahui , Zhao Weizhe , Chen Dong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis meta‐analysis aimed to determine the incidence and overall risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).MethodsWe systematically searched all cohort studies, including the available MACE data in cancer patients receiving ICIs, in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, from their inception to September 5, 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of MACEs associated with ICI exposure, and the secondary outcome was the overall risk of MACEs associated with ICI exposure versus non‐ICI exposure controls. Risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used in the random‐ or fixed‐effects models.ResultsOverall, 26 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 109,883 cancer patients. In the median follow‐up period ranging from 3.3 to 55.2 months, the incidence of MACEs associated with ICI exposure was 8.22%, ranging from 0.55% to 3.98%, among the nine MACEs, including myocarditis, tachyarrhythmia, pericarditis, pericardial effusions, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and conduction disorder. The incidence of MACE associated with non‐ICI exposure was 3.84%, ranging from 0.81% to 4.72%. The risks of all‐grade MACEs and pericardial effusions were significantly higher in the ICI group than in the non‐ICI controls. ICI treatment, age, male sex, and prior radiation therapy were significantly associated with MACEs.ConclusionThe risk of MACEs during ICI treatment in patients with cancer is more common than is currently recognized. ICI use is closely associated with an increased risk of MACEs. Patients at risk were older, male, and had a history of radiation therapy.
Incidence and predictors of clinical failure after early treatment for mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 in high‐risk individuals: A multicentric cohort study
Authors: Mastrorosa Ilaria , Lepri Alessandro Cozzi , Borgo Cosmo Del , Rosati Silvia , Rueca Martina , Sarmati Loredana , Mastroianni Claudio , Fantoni Massimo , Maggi Fabrizio , Nicastri Emanuele , Girardi Enrico , Lichtner Miriam , Antinori Andrea , Mazzotta Valentina ,   the Early Treatment for COVID‐19 Lazio Study Group
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the risk of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization and death (CovH/D), among high‐risk individuals early treated for COVID‐19 and to identify associated factors.Methods and resultsA multicenter cohort of 12,475 high‐risk outpatients (female 50.2%, median age 70 years [IQR 57–80], fully vaccinated 79.1%, immunocompromised 23.2%) treated with monoclonal antibodies or antivirals for mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 (March 2021–May 2023) in the Lazio region, Italy. The unadjusted risk of CovH/D by Day 30 was 3.08% (95% CI 2.7%–3.4%). By means of logistic regression models, which included a specific set of potential confounders for each exposure of interest, we observed a higher risk for the elderly, unvaccinated and immunocompromised participants. Using the “Delta period” as a reference, a decreased risk was observed for Omicron waves.ConclusionsDespite the administration of COVID‐19 early treatment and the decreasing risk of CovH/D across the calendar periods, the elderly, the unvaccinated and the immunocompromised people remain at high risk of clinical progression.
Changes in facial soft tissue support with and without a maxillary labial flange
Authors: Wendt‐Aquino Tiffany J. , Sheridan Ryan R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo quantify facial esthetic outcomes of prosthetic upper lip support in both full animation and repose for patients with an existing implant‐supported fixed complete dental prosthesis (ISFCDP).Materials and MethodsTwenty patients had a removable prosthetic labial flange fabricated for their existing maxillary prosthesis. The 3dMDface system was used to capture video sets of each patient going from repose to high smile with and without the labial flange. A single frame representing high smile and repose was selected from each video. Five facial anatomic markers and 21 individual points on the upper lip were evaluated for both image sets using quantitative photometric analysis. To provide a qualitative assessment, the same images were shown to dentists, laypeople, and the research subjects (patients) to determine which they found to be more esthetically pleasing, or if there was no difference. Quantitative data was evaluated using paired t‐tests.ResultsThe two‐dimensional analysis showed a difference with and without a labial flange for lip projection and lip thickness. Additionally, 13 out of 21 landmarks in the three‐dimensional analysis showed differences when comparing the superimposed labial flange and no flange linear difference values between high smile and repose. Survey results showed that research subjects (54.41%), dentists (51.50%), and laypeople (44.50%), all preferred labial flange versus no flange photos or were not able to tell a difference.ConclusionsQualitative and quantitative results suggest that a prosthetic labial flange has an impact on upper lip support. Clinicians should consider lip support both in full animation and repose when treatment planning for the maxillary ISFCDP.