bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untangling phylogenetic patterns and taxonomic confusion in tribe Caryophylleae (Caryophyllaceae) with special focus on generic boundaries
Authors: Madhani Hossein , Rabeler Richard , Pirani Atefeh , Oxelman Bengt , Heubl Guenther , Zarre Shahin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAssigning correct names to taxa is a challenging goal in the taxonomy of many groups within the Caryophyllaceae. This challenge is most serious in tribe Caryophylleae since the supposed genera seem to be highly artificial, and the available morphological evidence cannot effectively be used for delimitation and exact determination of taxa. The main goal of the present study was to re–assess the monophyly of the genera currently recognized in this tribe using molecular phylogenetic data. We used the sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the chloroplast gene rps16 for 135 and 94 accessions, respectively, representing all 16 genera currently recognized in the tribe Caryophylleae, with a rich sampling of Gypsophila as one of the most heterogeneous groups in the tribe. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The results show that most of the large genera of Caryophylleae are not monophyletic. As a result, we propose a new classification system matching both molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence. The main taxonomic conclusions include: (1) the description of three new genera, (2) treating five small genera as synonyms, (3) resurrecting the genus Heterochroa with six species, and (4) proposing 23 new combinations plus 2 replacement names at the specific level. As a result, we recognize 14 genera in Caryophylleae. A diagnostic key to all genera of Caryophylleae is provided.
Delayed referral of patients with diabetic foot ulcers across Europe: patterns between primary care and specialised units
Authors: Manu Chris , Lacopi Elisabetta , Bouillet Benjamin , Vouillarmet Julien , Ahluwalia Raju , Lüdemann Claas , Garcia-Klepzig José Luis , Meloni Marco , De Buruaga Víctor Rodriguez-Saenz , Sánchez-Ríos Juan Pedro , Edmonds Mike , Apelqvist Jan , Lázaro-Martínez José Luis , Van Acker Kristien 
Published: March 2018

Objective: Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) has the potential to deteriorate rapidly without prompt assessment and treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the referral patterns for DFU, from primary care to specialised diabetes foot care units. Method: A two-part, quantitative, online questionnaire was administered to GPs across four countries in Europe: France, the UK, Germany and Spain. The first part entailed a survey of GPs' perceptions of referrals for DFU. The second part of the questionnaire collected data on recently managed DFU cases. Results: There were 600 questionnaires collected in the first part of the study (150 per country), and 1188 patient cases of DFU management were included in the second part. Up to 95% of patients had type 2 diabetes. Patients' complaints led to diagnosis, on average, 60% of the time, and the diagnosis was an incidental finding during a consultation 13–28% of the time. On average, only 40% of GPs completely agreed that they have clearly identified DFU clinical practitioners working in a hospital facility. In 55–66% of cases, the duration of DFU was unknown or DFU diagnosis was delayed more than three weeks from the onset of the wound. On average, 48% of patients were referred after an unknown duration or more than one month from the onset of DFU. Conclusion: Despite differences in health-care structures across Europe, delays in referral to specialist foot care teams seems to be a common theme. There is an ongoing need to educate GPs, nurses and patients to be more aware of the risk of DFU, and the need for prompt referral to specialist diabetic foot teams.
Gotham City and the Gothic literary and architectural traditions
Authors: Fitch Alex 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In 1998, the various monthly Batman titles published by DC Comics depicted the fictional Gotham City as being rocked by an Earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale. The eighteen-issue storyline explored all the dramatic potential of this event, but a primary reason why this story was included in DC’s output was to have an excuse to no longer make the comic book Gotham look like the city as portrayed in the 1990s Batman movies. On-screen, thanks to the work of set designer Anton Furst who had worked on Tim Burton’s first Batman in 1989, the city was depicted as a retrofitted sixteenth-century urban nightmare, with gargoyles and buttresses jostling space for neon lights and advertising hoardings. While Batman in the comics had always been seen as a modernist urban hero, Burton’s influences came from the tradition of European fairytales and horror films, so his collaboration with Furst – who had previously designed the film of Angela Carter’s The Company of Wolves (1984) – was apt in bringing a very different sensibility to his vision of the superhero film. This was then represented in the pages of 1990s Batman comics, with the city redesigned to match its image on film. This article looks at representations of the Gothic aesthetic in the pages of Batman: Destroyer and other visions of the caped vigilante that highlight the Gothic potential of the character and his city, and whether a more Gothic Gotham suits a darker Dark Knight.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) Activation Suppresses TRPV1 Sensitization in Mouse, But Not Human, Sensory Neurons
Authors: Sheahan Tayler D. , Valtcheva Manouela V. , McIlvried Lisa A. , Pullen Melanie Y. , Baranger David A.A. , Gereau Robert W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe use of human tissue to validate putative analgesic targets identified in rodents is a promising strategy for improving the historically poor translational record of preclinical pain research. We recently demonstrated that in mouse and human sensory neurons, agonists for metabotropic glutamate receptors 2 and 3 (mGluR2/3) reduce membrane hyperexcitability produced by the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2(PGE2). Previous rodent studies indicate that mGluR2/3 can also reduce peripheral sensitization by suppressing inflammation-induced sensitization of TRPV1. Whether this observation similarly translates to human sensory neurons has not yet been tested. We found that activation of mGluR2/3 with the agonist APDC suppressed PGE2-induced sensitization of TRPV1 in mouse, but not human, sensory neurons. We also evaluated sensory neuron expression of the gene transcripts for mGluR2 (Grm2), mGluR3 (Grm3), and TRPV1 (Trpv1). The majority ofTrpv1+mouse and human sensory neurons expressedGrm2and/orGrm3, and in both mice and humans,Grm2was expressed in a greater percentage of sensory neurons thanGrm3. Although we demonstrated a functional difference in the modulation of TRPV1 sensitization by mGluR2/3 activation between mouse and human, there were no species differences in the gene transcript colocalization of mGluR2 or mGluR3 with TRPV1 that might explain this functional difference. Taken together with our previous work, these results suggest that mGluR2/3 activation suppresses only some aspects of human sensory neuron sensitization caused by PGE2. These differences have implications for potential healthy human voluntary studies or clinical trials evaluating the analgesic efficacy of mGluR2/3 agonists or positive allosteric modulators.
Intergenerational Transmission of Parent Encouragement to Diet From Adolescence Into Adulthood
Authors: Berge Jerica M. , Winkler Megan R. , Larson Nicole , Miller Jonathan , Haynos Ann F. , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
Although previous cross-sectional research has revealed potential harmful outcomes associated with parent encouragement to diet, it is unclear whether these effects are long lasting and whether they are transmitted to the next generation. The main aim of the current study was to examine longitudinal associations between exposure to parent encouragement to diet in adolescence and weight-related and emotional health outcomes in adulthood and to examine whether intergenerational transmission of encouragement to diet occurs.

METHODS:
This is a longitudinal, population-based study (ie, Project Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) of socioeconomically and racially and/or ethnically diverse adolescents managed into adulthood and/or parenthood (n = 556; mean age = 31.4; 64.6% female). Surveys and anthropometrics were completed at school by adolescents in 1998–1999 and surveys were completed online in 2015–2016 by young adults.

RESULTS:
Experiencing parent encouragement to diet as an adolescent was significantly associated with a higher risk of overweight or obesity, dieting, binge eating, engaging in unhealthy weight control behaviors, and lower body satisfaction 15 years later as a parent, after adjusting for sociodemographics and baseline measures of the outcomes (P &lt; .05). Additionally, intergenerational transmission of encouragement to diet occurred and resulted in parents being more likely to report other weight-focused communication in the home environment.

CONCLUSIONS:
Exposure to parent encouragement to diet as an adolescent had long-term harmful associations with weight-related and emotional health outcomes in parenthood and was transmitted to the next generation. It may be important for health care providers to educate parents about the potential harmful and long-lasting consequences of engaging in encouragement to diet with their children.
MADEIRA, ENERGIA E GERAÇÃO DE TERMOELETRICIDADE
Authors: Dias Júnior Ananias Francisco , Lana Artur Queiroz , Bernardes Francisco Fernandes , Brito José Otávio 
Published: March 2018

Este documento apresenta uma análise da situação da viabilidade do uso da madeira para a geração de energia elétrica. Trata-se de uma abordagem de elementos técnicos e econômicos, acerca do tema, com o intuito de embasar justificativas para o uso da madeira para tal finalidade. Dessa forma, são descritos aspectos da madeira para geração de energia, sua importância e vantagens dentre as fontes renováveis, bem como os custos envolvidos na geração em relação aos demais combustíveis. Contém ainda, levantamentos dos envolvidos no uso da biomassa para geração de termoeletricidade e por fim, faz-se uma menção acerca das perspectivas do setor florestal sobre as concessões de novas licenças para a instalação de novas usinas termoelétricas no país. Foi constatada a existência de um crescente interesse pela inserção da biomassa florestal no contexto da geração de termoeletricidade no Brasil, sendo os incentivos de ordem ambiental e econômico, os principais responsáveis por tal situação. Há uma forte perspectiva da ocorrência no avanço do setor florestal, sobretudo, no que diz respeito à intensificação do uso de resíduos florestais já disponíveis, bem como no estabelecimento de florestas especificamente destinadas à geração de termoeletricidade. Para os cenários futuros, certamente, irão pesar as decisões de ordem governamental, quando relacionado às políticas de ordem tarifárias ligadas à geração e distribuição de energia elétrica no país.PALAVRAS CHAVE: energia de biomassa; energia elétrica; termoeletricidade. WOOD, ENERGY AND THERMOELECTRICITY GENERATIONABSTRACT: This paper presents an analysis of the viability to generate electricity from wood biomass. It is an approach of technical and economic elements on this subject, in order to justify the use of wood for this purpose. Thus, aspects of wood for energy generation, its importance and advantages, and the costs compared to other fuels are described. This study also contains surveys about the use of wood biomass to generate thermoelectricity and finally, mention the prospects of the forest sector on new license grants for power plants installation in Brazil. There is a growing interest in the inclusion of forest biomass in the context of thermoelectricity generation and the incentives of environmental and economic order are the main responsible for this situation. There is a strong perspective of the event in advance of the forestry sector, especially regarding the use of forest residues already available and the establishment of forests aiming specifically thermoelectricity generating. For future scenarios, the insertion of wood biomass in the thermoelectricity scene will depend on the governmental policies on generation and distribution of electricity in BrazilKEYWORDS: biomass energy; electricity; thermoelectricity.
ALTERAÇÕES FÍSICAS DE CAQUIS ‘KYOTO’ SUBMETIDOS À APLICAÇÃO DE 1-METILCICLOPROPENO
Authors: Cábia Nathalie Cardoso , Vieites Rogério Lopes 
Published: March 2018

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade físico-química de caquis ‘Kyoto’ tratados com 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP). Os frutos, após a colheita, foram selecionados, higienizados e expostos a diferentes concentrações de 1-MCP (0 ppb, 500 ppb, 1000 ppb e 1500 ppb) e após o procedimento foram armazenados sob refrigeração a 0 ± 0,5°C e 90 ± 5% de UR. Foram realizadas análises de taxa respiratória, perda de massa fresca, acidez titulável, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), sólidos solúveis e índice de maturação (“Ratio”). As análises foram realizadas nos frutos a cada 7 dias, ao longo de 35 dias de armazenamento refrigerado. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com 3 repetições por tratamento, utilizando-se o teste de Tuckey a 5% de probabilidade. Nas condições em que o trabalho foi realizado, pode-se concluir que as doses estudadas de 1-MCP não se apresentaram eficientes no controle do amadurecimento dos caquis ‘Kyotos’ durante os 35 dias de armazenamento, porém os frutos tratados com 1500 ppb de 1-MCP apresentaram controle da acidez titulável e de sólidos solúveis, indicando que afetou a taxa de degradação do amido; e a dose de 1000 ppb se apresentou mais eficiente na manutenção da firmeza.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Diospyros kaki L., qualidade, inibição do etileno, pós-colheita. EFFECTS OF 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE APLICATION ON ‘KYOTO’ PERSIMMON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICSABSTRACT: The presente work aimed to evaluate the physical-chemical quality of ‘Kyoto’ persimmons treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The fruits, after harvest, were selected, Satinized and exposed to different concentrations of 1-MCP (0 ppb, 500 ppb, 1000 ppb and 1500 ppb) and then were stored under refrigeration at 0 ± 0,5°C and 90 ± 5% RH. Respiratory rate, fresh mass loss, titrable acidity, hydrogen ionic potential (pH), soluble solids and maturation index (“Ratio”) were performed. The analyzes were carried out every 7 days, during 35 days of refrigeted storage. The experiment design was completely randomized, with 3 replicates per treatment, using the Tuckey test at 5% propability. In the conditions the work was carried out, it can be concluded that the studied doses of 1-MCP were not, efficient in controlling the ripening of ‘Kyotos’ persimmons during the 35 days of storage however the fruits treated with 1500 ppb of 1-MCP showed control of titratable acidity and soluble solids, indicating that it affected the rate of starch degradation; and the 1000 ppb dose was more efficient in maintaining firmness.KEYWORDS: Diospyros kaki L., quality, ethylene inhibition, post-harvest.
La religión y su efecto motivante en el aula L2
Authors: Bachelor Jeremy W. 
Published: March 2018

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17227/01234870.42folios179.187Algunos educadores de L2 afirman que la motivación influye de manera importante en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y lleva a la adquisición exitosa de una lengua extranjera. Como resultado de ello, el estudio de la motivación en los estudiantes L2 es crucial, ya que permite a los investigadores explorar las razones para el éxito (o el fracaso) en el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. También permite una mayor comprensión de las formas en que los diferentes tipos de motivación pueden ayudar a los profesores y estudiantes en la dinamización del proceso de aprendizaje de una lengua, lo que conduciría a un mayor éxito del proceso pedagógico. El presente estudio sugiere que la religión es un factor motivante para muchos estudiantes. Al incorporar los ideales religiosos y al hacer conexiones con los textos sagrados en el aula de lengua extranjera se beneficia a los estudiantes que tienen creencias religiosas. Teniendo estos conceptos en mente, es posible diseñar un plan de estudios L2 con los estándares religiosos que también implementan las 5 c de la enseñanza L2. Los profesores pueden involucrar a sus estudiantes en las grandes cuestiones de la identidad cultural y lingüística en última instancia, orientando a los estudiantes hacia una consideración de sus propias identidades. La conclusión es una instrucción L2 más exitosa y estudiantes mejor formados.
Aspek hukum kontrak dagang via internet (cyberspace transactions) dalam perspektif sistem hukum Islam
Authors: Setiawan Wijayanto 
Published: March 2018

Trade contracts via the internet (cyberspace transactions) or e-commerce or in other terms is a necessity inthe development of cyberspace in the last ten decades. In terms of the applicable legal aspects, contractstrade via the internet is having a substantial difference with the conventional contract law. From theviewpoint of Islamic Law (fiqh), the implementation of e-commerce business transactions can besamed with al-sala>m transactions in the way of payment and delivery of commodities which serve as theobject of the transaction. Transactions in e-commerce over the Internet can be aligned with the principlesof the existing transaction in the transaction al-salam, especially relating to the parties involved in thetransaction, the consensus statement and transaction through a transaction object. Based on thesestudies, the commercial transactions over the Internet is allowed as long as meet the principles of thecontract (‘aqad) in Islam, namely: (1) the parties involved in implementing the contract with proves goodand sincerity; (2) the process of conveying statements of the consensus between party is clear and notconflicting with shar’i; and (3) the object of transactions (goods or services) is something that is halal.
ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFRACTION EFFICIENCY IN TRANSVERSE CONFIGURATION IN SILLENITE CRYSTALS Bi12TiO20
Authors: Villamizar Amado Astrid Lorena , Arias Hernández Néstor Alonso , Molina Prado Martha Lucía , Tebaldi Myrian 
Published: March 2018

A theoretical study on sillenite crystal where it obtained an analytics expression for diffraction efficiency in the on-Bragg regime in transverse configuration () is realized. It is considered non-mobile transmission gratings. An analysis of diffraction efficiency considering the non-uniformity of gratings, material properties, external parameters the applied field or the intensity of beam input or polarization or the optical activity of the crystal beetwen others is realized.
Development of Misconception Diagnostic Test in Momentum and Impulse Using Isomorphic Problem
Authors: Diyanahesa Nadiyah El-Haq , Kusairi Sentot , Latifah Eny 
Published: March 2018

Preconception of the students influences to construct knowledge. They entered the classroom with conception formed from daily life. If their conception are not accordance with scientific concepts it’s called misconceptions. Misconception is believed by students and used consistently. Teachers need to find out information on a student misconceptions by providing diagnostic tests immedietly. Diagnostic instrument that measure more accurately concepts understanding is isomorphic. Problem isomorphic composed of several question in different context and representation, but solved by the same principles. The goal of this study developing a multiple-choice diagnostic test instrument isomorphic to diagnose misconception of students on momentum and impulse. This study is research and development using ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or Delivery and Evaluations). Development steps consist of: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Develop, and (4) Implement. Before Implement steps, test instrument validated by lecture and two teachers. The instrument have been revised administered to students of class XI MIA 4 MAN Tlogo Blitar and X MIA U1 MAN 1 Tulungagung. Results of this study are 15 items multiple choice diagnostic instruments isomorphic belongs five indicators. Based on the validation by two physics teachers and lecturers, instrument accordance used as a diagnostic instrument capable to distinguish between students misconceptions and naive concept. Around 67.8% of students who have answered the description are still misconceptions. Based on the test analysis accordance with open ended question instrument test diagnostic isomorphic produce higher accuracy by taking two of the three questions the answers provided.
Chemical Profiling and Antimicrobial Properties of Phyto-Active Extracts from Terminalia glaucescens Stem Against Water Microbial Contaminants
Authors: Adeeyo Adeyemi Ojutalayo , Odiyo John , Odelade Kehinde 
Published: March 2018

Background:
The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemicals of Terminalia glaucescens stem extracts and test their antimicrobial potency against water microbial contaminants reported to be multidrug resistant.

Method:
Dry stem powder was extracted with ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform. These fractions were then examined for antimicrobial activity by using disc diffusion assay against typical clinical bacteria and fungal isolates which have been reported as water contaminants. The microbial strains were exposed to five different concentrations of extracts: 500 mg/ml, 250 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml.

Result:
It was observed in this study that increase in the concentration of extracts correlated with microbial growth inhibition. In-vitro phytochemical screening of plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, steroid and anthraquinones. Ethanolic extract performs better than ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts, as it recorded the highest zone of inhibition of 20.5 mm against Streptococcus pneumoniae while ethyl acetate and chloroform recorded 17.50 mm each against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus, respectively. Ethanolic extract also showed the highest antifungal activity against Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus niger. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of active extracts were observed in the increasing order Ethanol>Chloroform≥ethyl acetate with respect to the maximum zone of inhibition. Activity of crude extract from ethanol, when further compared with commercial antibiotics (Gentamicin, Streptomycin and Nystatin), was significantly higher.

Conclusion:
This plant crude extracts could therefore serve as potential source of new biocides with application in water research and other biotechnological fields.