bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meet the Board of ChemistryOpen: Mario Pagliaro
Authors: Pagliaro Mario 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMario Pagliaroimage
is a chemistry and energy scholar at Italy′s Research Council based in Palermo (Italy). The research of his group focuses on the broad areas of nanochemistry, solar energy, and bioeconomy, which has been developed in co‐operation with leading researchers in Italy and abroad. He was appointed Fellow by the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2014, and has been President of Palermo′s public energy utility. In 2008, he co‐founded Sicily′s Solar Pole, working towards the Institute of Solar Energy and Bioeconomy at Italy′s CNR. He currently serves as an active Editorial Advisory Board member for ChemistryOpen.
Early growth trajectories of children's approaches to learning: The contribution of parent and family characteristics
Authors: Buek Katharine W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChildren's approaches to learning (AtL) has been identified in research and policy as a key domain of children's school readiness. However, relatively little is known about the child and family factors that shape early AtL, how it varies in the general population, or how it develops and changes through the early years of schooling. This exploratory study examined the growth of children's AtL over six occasions spanning kindergarten through second grade in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey (ECLS‐K) class of 2010–2011 as predicted by parenting and family characteristics. Latent classes of AtL growth were identified through growth mixture modeling and regressed onto explanatory covariates to uncover patterns and sources of variation in children's AtL. Results revealed higher and lower AtL growth classes significantly associated with demographic and parenting variables measured in kindergarten. In particular, sex (male) and poverty were associated with lower AtL trajectories, whereas the presence of both biological parents in the household and parent involvement at school and at home predicted membership in the higher AtL group. Implications of these findings for further clarification and exploration of AtL as a construct are discussed.
Novel Synthesis of CdSe Quantum Dots in a Confined Space by Using a High Internal Phase Emulsion and Their Application in Fluorescent Labeling
Authors: Xu Dawei , Zou Wei , Du Zhongjie , Wang Hong , Liu Bin , Zhang Chen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) in a confined space constructed by the aqueous continuous phase of high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) at room temperature was proposed, and the obtained high quality QDs was applied as the label of amino groups in epoxy resin. In a typical system of oil‐in‐water HIPE, the aqueous solution film containing selenium powder, cadmium chloride, and 3‐mercaptopropionic acid was squeezed by the droplet of toluene and acted as a nano‐reactor, and then QDs nanoparticles with high fluorescence intensity were generated at room temperature. The morphologies of HIPE containing QDs were observed by fluorescence microscopy, and the QDs product were characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV‐vis Spectrophotometer. The effect of the confined space, including the stability, the dimension of continuous phase, and the interface structure of HIPE, on the fluorescence performance of QDs were investigated. Furthermore, the mechanism of ‘temporary ligand’ was proposed to explain the better performance of QDs prepared at the introduction of ionic emulsifier. Finally, attributed to the inherent carboxylic end ligands of obtained QDs, it is applied to mark the amino curing agent in the epoxy resin, and the visualized observation of the dispersion of amino curing agent in epoxy matrix was realized.
Structural Diversity in Heterobimetallic Complexes of Alkaline Earth Metals and Molybdenum, and Selective Dye Adsorption Properties of Mixed Metal Oxides Synthesized from the Heterobimetallic Complexes
Authors: Das Dhiraj 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFour heterobimetallic complexes of group 2 metal (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) and molybdenum metalloligand ([Mo2O5L2]2− {H2L=2‐(3‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzylamino) acetic acid}) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The size‐dependent structural diversity has been observed. The coordination number of alkaline earth metal has gradually been increased from hexacoordinate to octa‐coordinate and as a result, we are able to get monomer to dimer to one‐dimensional (1D) coordination polymer. The lattice water molecule further connects two 1D chains and generated a two‐dimensional (2D) network. The heterobimetallic complexes afford mixed‐metal oxides of the type MMoO4⋅MoO3 (M = Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+). The dye and gas adsorption properties of the mixed metal oxides have been studied. They exhibit selective cationic dyes adsorption from the mixture of anionic and cationic dye.
Catalytic Upgrading of Renewable Levulinic Acid to Levulinate Esters Using Perchloric Acid Decorated Nanoporous Silica Gels
Authors: Yang Fu , Tang Jingjing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCatalytic upgrading of renewable biomass resource toward useful chemicals is interesting but challenged, in this paper, several inorganic acids were examined for the catalytic esterification of levulinic acid with alcohol, and then ulteriorly loaded on the applicable supports to obtain the heterogeneous catalysts. Among them, HClO4/SiO2 nanoporous solid‐acid catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic activity for the synthesis of ethyl levulinate. The resulting HClO4/SiO2 catalyst was characterized by FT‐IR, Energy Dispersive X‐ray (EDX)‐mapping, X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), NH3‐Temperature‐Programmed‐Desorption (TPD), and N2 desorption. Various reaction factors including loading of HClO4, catalyst dosage, reaction time and temperature were checked and optimized. As expected, the targeted catalyst affords 99% yield of ethyl levulinate and a durable activity even with five runs. Finally, esterification of levulinic acid with various alcohols over the HClO4/SiO2 was further expanded based on the optimal reaction condition.
Simple and Label‐Free Liquid Crystal‐based Optical Sensor for Highly Sensitive and Selective Endotoxin Detection by Aptamer Binding and Separation
Authors: An Zongfu , Jang Chang‐Hyun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLipopolysaccharides (LPS), also commonly known as lipoglycans and endotoxins, can often accidentally contaminate recombinant protein therapeutics and bacteria‐derived plasmid DNA vaccines. Since LPS can induce fever, hypotension, shock, and even death, their early and sensitive detection is necessary in relevant bioassays and for parenteral drug administration and/or biotherapeutics. In this study, an optical biosensor was developed using LPS‐specific single‐stranded DNA aptamers as LPS‐selective probes. (3‐Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde were used as linkers to immobilize the LPS high‐affinity aptamer on glass. Subsequently, each modification step was characterized by the optical responses obtained from liquid crystals using a polarized optical microscope. The sensor's ability to detect LPS was confirmed using a broad LPS detection range (5.5 pg/mL ‐ 100 ng/mL). Despite the presence of plasmid DNA, RNA, and bovine serum albumin, the aptamer sensor showed high selectivity for LPS and could be regenerated for reuse at a low pH, thus, providing a promising option for detecting LPS in complex, low pH environments.
Re‐visiting the Antioxidant Activity of Se‐ and Te‐ Carbohydrates: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Kashyap Chayanika , Mazumder Lakhya Jyoti , Rohman Shahnaz S. , Ullah Sabnam S. , Guha Ankur Kanti 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAntioxidants have attracted interest for a very long time. Because of their unique ability to quench other toxic free radicals in the body, these molecules have been the focus of many chemists. Herein, we have undertaken a quantum chemical study on some carbohydrates and their heavier Se and Te derivatives to evaluate the essential parameters responsible for showing antioxidant abilities through different mechanistic pathways. The effect of different solvent media on their antioxidant ability has also been explored. Our study reveals that heavier Se and Te containing carbohydrates show higher antioxidant abilities and in addition, the aromatic derivatives of these molecules show even superior ability.
A Biodegradable and Stretchable Protein‐Based Sensor as Artificial Electronic Skin for Human Motion Detection
Authors: Hou Chen , Xu Zijie , Qiu Wu , Wu Ronghui , Wang Yanan , Xu Qingchi , Liu Xiang Yang , Guo Wenxi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDue to the natural biodegradability and biocompatibility, silk fibroin (SF) is one of the ideal platforms for on‐skin and implantable electronic devices. However, the development of SF‐based electronics is still at a preliminary stage due to the SF film intrinsic brittleness as well as the solubility in water, which prevent the fabrication of SF‐based electronics through traditional techniques. In this article, a flexible and stretchable silver nanofibers (Ag NFs)/SF based electrode is synthesized through water‐free procedures, which demonstrates outstanding performance, i.e., low sheet resistance (10.5 Ω sq−1), high transmittance (>90%), excellent stability even after bending cycles >2200 times, and good extensibility (>60% stretching). In addition, on the basis of such advanced (Ag NFs)/SF electrode, a flexible and tactile sensor is further fabricated, which can simultaneously detect pressure and strain signals with a large monitoring window (35 Pa–700 kPa). Besides, this sensor is air‐permeable and inflammation‐free, so that it can be directly laminated onto human skins for long‐term health monitoring. Considering the biodegradable and skin‐comfortable features, this sensor may become promising to find potential applications in on‐skin or implantable health‐monitoring devices.
Modeling the additive structure of stand biomass equations in climatic gradients of Eurasia
Authors: Usoltsev Vladimir Andreevich , Shobairi Seyed Omid Reza , Tsepordey Ivan Stepanovich , Chasovskikh Viktor Petrovich 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt has been established that in cold climatic zones any increase in rainfall leads to a corresponding decrease in biomass volume and in warm zones an increase in rainfall leads to an increase in biomass value. Furthermore, in water‐rich areas (900 millimeters [mm] per year), a rise in temperature causes an increase of biomass values, whereas in arid areas (300 mm per year) it causes reductions. These statements confirm previously recognized results that other researchers documented at both local and regional levels. For natural and planted tree stands, these patterns follow suit, but in absolute terms plantation biomass shows annual increases in total biomass, roots, stems, needles, and branches, of 16, 18, 11, 2, and 3%, respectively, compared to natural stands. The percentage of change in the structure of biomass is related to the ratio of the two climatic indices—temperature and rainfall. In particular, for the central part of European Russia, the Russian Far East, and northeastern China, which are characterized by mean annual temperatures in January of –10 degrees Celsius (°C) and mean annual precipitation of 500 mm, any temperature increase of 1°C at a constant level of precipitation increases biomass of stands aged 100 years in total biomass, roots, stems, needles, and branches, by 2.2, 1.8, 2.5, 0.36, and 2.3%, respectively, regardless of the origin of the stands. In the same regions and with pine stands of the same age, a precipitation increase of 100 mm at an unchanged mean temperature reduces total biomass, roots, stems, and needles by 5.8, 2.3, 6.5, and 0.3%, respectively, and increases branch biomass by 0.3%. The development of such models for the basic forest‐forming species grown in Eurasia will make it possible to predict changes in the biological productivity of the forest cover of Eurasia related to climate change.
Diagnostic accuracy of saline contrast sonohysterography in detecting endometrial polyps in women with postmenopausal bleeding: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vroom A. J. , Timmermans A. , Bongers M. Y. , van den Heuvel E. R. , Geomini P. M. A. J. , van Hanegem N. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn women with postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial polyps are a frequent finding and the risk of a focal (pre)malignancy in a polyp is up to 6%. Because of this reported risk, the detection of polyps in these women, preferably by a minimally invasive method, is important. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the accuracy of saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) for diagnosis of endometrial polyps in women with postmenopausal bleeding.MethodsIn August 2018, an electronic search was performed of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases to identify all diagnostic studies in which SCSH was used to detect endometrial polyps in postmenopausal women. Studies were included if SCSH was performed to detect endometrial polyps in women with postmenopausal bleeding and if detection of a polyp on hysteroscopy or diagnosis on histopathology was used as a reference standard. Two reviewers assessed methodological quality using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS‐2) tool. Two separate analyses were performed for each reference standard. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated using the hierarchical summary receiver–operating characteristics (HSROC) model and HSROC curves were plotted.ResultsAfter selection and quality assessment, five studies were included. Using ‘polyps diagnosed with histopathology’ as the reference standard, the pooled sensitivity of SCSH was 86.5% (95% CI, 63.6–100%) and the pooled specificity was 91.1% (95% CI, 63.2–100%). Using ‘polyps seen on hysteroscopy’ as the reference standard, the pooled sensitivity of SCSH was 85.1% (95% CI, 66.9–100%) and the pooled specificity was 84.5% (95% CI, 68.1–100%). Excluding the one study that included women in whom the SCSH examination was reported to be suboptimal, the pooled sensitivity increased to 90.7% (95% CI, 72.8–100%) using hysteroscopy as the reference standard. The sensitivity of hysteroscopy to detect polyps, as reported in two studies, was 81–98%.ConclusionsProvided that the SCSH examination is of optimal quality, it can be considered as a method to stratify women with postmenopausal bleeding for further diagnostic workup and treatment with hysteroscopy. In women without suspicion of a polypoid lesion on SCSH, and with a benign endometrial sample, expectant management should be considered. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Sequential improvement of rimocidin production in Streptomyces rimosus M527 by introduction of cumulative drug-resistance mutations
Authors: Zhao Yanfang , Song Zhangqing , Ma Zheng , Bechthold Andreas , Yu Xiaoping 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Rimocidin is a polyene macrolide that exhibits a strong inhibitory activity against a broad range of plant-pathogenic fungi. In this study, fermentation optimization and ribosome engineering technology were employed to enhance rimocidin production in Streptomyces rimosus M527. After the optimization of fermentation, rimocidin production in S. rimosus M527 increased from 0.11 ± 0.01 to 0.23 ± 0.02 g/L during shake-flask experiments and reached 0.41 ± 0.05 g/L using 5-L fermentor. Fermentation optimization was followed by the generation of mutants of S. rimosus M527 through treatment of the strain with different concentrations of gentamycin (Gen) or rifamycin. One Genr mutant named S. rimosus M527-G37 and one Rifr mutant named S. rimosus M527-R5 showed increased rimocidin production. Double-resistant (Genr and Rifr) mutants were selected using S. rimosus M527-G37 and S. rimosus M527-R5, and subsequently tested. One mutant, S. rimosus M527-GR7, which was derived from M527-G37, achieved the greatest cumulative improvement in rimocidin production. In the 5-L fermentor, the maximum rimocidin production achieved by S. rimosus M527-GR7 was 25.36% and 62.89% greater than those achieved by S. rimosus M527-G37 and the wild-type strain S. rimosus M527, respectively. Moreover, in the mutants S. rimosus M527-G37 and S. rimosus M527-GR7 the transcriptional levels of ten genes (rimA sr to rimK sr) located in the gene cluster involved in rimocidin biosynthesis were all higher than those in the parental strain M527 to varying degrees. In addition, after expression of the single rimocidin biosynthetic genes in S. rimosus M527 a few recombinants showed an increase in rimocidin production. Expression of rimE led to the highest production.
Impact of coherence decay on wavepacket models for broadband shock-associated noise in supersonic jets
Authors: Wong Marcus H. , Jordan Peter , Honnery Damon R. , Edgington-Mitchell Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Motivated by the success of wavepackets in modelling the noise from subsonic and perfectly expanded supersonic jets, we apply the wavepacket model to imperfectly expanded supersonic jets. Recent studies with subsonic jets have demonstrated the importance of capturing the ‘jitter’ of wavepackets in order to correctly predict the intensity of far-field sound. Wavepacket jitter may be statistically represented using a two-point coherence function; accurate prediction of noise requires identification of this coherence function. Following the analysis of Cavalieri & Agarwal (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 748, 2014. pp. 399–415), we extend their methodology to model the acoustic sources of broadband shock-associated noise in imperfectly expanded supersonic jets using cross-spectral densities of the turbulent and shock-cell quantities. The aim is to determine the relationship between wavepacket coherence-decay and far-field broadband shock-associated noise, using the model as a vehicle to explore the flow mechanisms at work. Unlike the subsonic case where inclusion of coherence decay amplifies the sound pressure level over the whole acoustic spectrum, we find that it does not play such a critical role in determining the peak sound amplitude for shock-cell noise. When higher-order shock-cell modes are used to reconstruct the acoustic spectrum at higher frequencies, however, the inclusion of a jittering wavepacket is necessary. These results suggest that the requirement for coherence decay identified in prior broadband shock-associated noise (BBSAN) models is in reality the statistical signature of jittering wavepackets. The results from this modelling approach suggest that nonlinear jittering effects of wavepackets need to be included in dynamic models for broadband shock-associated noise.
Liouville-Green expansions of exponential form, with an application to modified Bessel functions
Authors: Dunster T. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLinear second order differential equations of the form d2w/dz2 − {u2f(u, z) + g(z)}w = 0 are studied, where |u| → ∞ and z lies in a complex bounded or unbounded domain D. If f(u, z) and g(z) are meromorphic in D, and f(u, z) has no zeros, the classical Liouville-Green/WKBJ approximation provides asymptotic expansions involving the exponential function. The coefficients in these expansions either multiply the exponential or in an alternative form appear in the exponent. The latter case has applications to the simplification of turning point expansions as well as certain quantum mechanics problems, and new computable error bounds are derived. It is shown how these bounds can be sharpened to provide realistic error estimates, and this is illustrated by an application to modified Bessel functions of complex argument and large positive order. Explicit computable error bounds are also derived for asymptotic expansions for particular solutions of the nonhomogeneous equations of the form d2w/dz2 − {u2f(z) + g(z)}w = p(z).
Fixed points of multivalued maps under local Lipschitz conditions and applications
Authors: Gallegos Claudio A. , Henríquez Hernán R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work we are concerned with the existence of fixed points for multivalued maps defined on Banach spaces. Using the Banach spaces scale concept, we establish the existence of a fixed point of a multivalued map in a vector subspace where the map is only locally Lipschitz continuous. We apply our results to the existence of mild solutions and asymptotically almost periodic solutions of an abstract Cauchy problem governed by a first-order differential inclusion. Our results are obtained by using fixed point theory for the measure of noncompactness.
Factoriality, Connes' type III invariants and fullness of amalgamated free product von Neumann algebras
Authors: Houdayer Cyril , Isono Yusuke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe investigate factoriality, Connes' type III invariants and fullness of arbitrary amalgamated free product von Neumann algebras using Popa's deformation/rigidity theory. Among other things, we generalize many previous structural results on amalgamated free product von Neumann algebras and we obtain new examples of full amalgamated free product factors for which we can explicitely compute Connes' type III invariants.
The Downfall of the Mandatory Death Penalty in Kenya
Authors: Chenwi Lilian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe retention and use of the death penalty, especially the mandatory death penalty, continues to be an issue of controversy and concern in Africa and elsewhere. Accordingly, African states are slowly but increasingly moving away from the death penalty, with many of them abolishing it either de facto or de jure, or limiting its use, with some finding its mandatory application to be unlawful. This article considers the recent Supreme Court of Kenya decision that declared the mandatory nature of the death penalty as provided for under the country's Penal Code to be unconstitutional. However, it argues that, while declaring the mandatory death penalty to be unconstitutional is commendable and a promising step on the path towards the abolition of the death penalty, the death penalty remains available as a punishment, with serious human rights implications if procedural safeguards are not followed.
The evolutionary correlation associated with seed mass and altitude on nutrient allocation of seeds
Authors: Bu Hai-Yan , Zhang Yan-Ming , Zhao Di , Wang Su-Yu , Jia Peng , Qi Wei , Liu Kun , Xu Dang-Hui , Ge Wen-Jing , Wang Xue-Jing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSeed reserves play vital roles in seed germination and seedling growth and their variation may be related to various environment factors, plant traits and phylogenetic history. Here, the evolutionary correlation associated with seed mass and altitude and carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) allocation of seeds among 253 alpine herbaceous plants was tested. In this study, phylogeny had strong limitations on nutrient allocation of seeds across species, and species from younger phylogenetic groups tended to have higher N and P contents, which might be considered as the evolutionary selection of seed plants. Higher seed N and P content would help seedlings to gain more survival chance and stronger competitive capacity, and their progeny would be more likely to be preserved. When phylogeny was considered, altitude only had a significant positive effect on P content, but the negative effects on seed mass were all expressed. The independent effects of altitude and seed mass suggest that the nutrient allocation of seeds might be affected by both environment and plant traits. In addition, altitude and seed mass displayed partial overlapping effects on nutrient allocation of seeds. The negative effects of seed mass were affected slightly by altitude, whereas altitude only had a significant positive effect on P content when seed mass was controlled. Above all, seed P content showed obvious and general correlations with seed mass, altitude and age of clade, which indicated that higher seed P content might be an adaptive selection of species associated with growth and survival of progeny.