bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does subsidized MPCI crowds out traditional market-based hail insurance in the Netherlands?
Authors: van Asseldonk Marcel , van der Meulen Harold , van der Meer Ruud , Silvis Huib , Berkhout Petra 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine which factors influence the choice to adopt subsidized multi-peril crop insurance (MPCI) in the Netherlands and whether prior hail insurance uptake is one of the determinants of MPCI adoption. In addition, it is analyzed whether subsidized MPCI has reduced disaster relief spending.

Design/methodology/approach
Cross-sectional survey with 512 respondents using a stratified design comprising MPCI adopters and non-adopters sampled from the Dutch national census data base. The national census, including information on subsidized MPCI adoption from 2010 up to and including 2015, was supplemented with information on (prior) traditional market-based hail insurance uptake, and other underlying determining factors were elicited. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors influence the choice to adopt MPCI.

Findings
Analysis of MPCI adoption reveals that subsidized MPCI mainly substituted for market-based hail insurance uptake up to now. Growers who did not insure against hail in the past were hardly reached. Approximately, three-quarter of MPCI adopters insured hail prior to market introduction of MPCI. In the arable sector, MPCI adoption was 2.89 (p<0.01) more likely for prior hail insurance adopters compared to non-adopters, while it was 9.67 (p<0.01) more likely in the fruit sector.

Research limitations/implications
In the arable sector, it is expected that MPCI uptake in the coming years will reach more prior non-adopters of hail insurance as demand is expected to increase. Prior hail insurance adopters in the arable sector can be seen as the early MPCI adopters. In the fruit sector, adoption rates are already at a relative high level and a further significant increase by targeting non-adopters of hail insurance is not likely.

Originality/value
Governmental support has crowded out to some extend traditional market-based hail insurance in the Netherlands. Since the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union is creating more momentum to subsidize crop insurance more member states with a long history of a mature hail insurance market may be confronted with similar crowding-out effects.
Experiences of visitors to Gallipoli, a nostalgia-themed dark tourism destination: an insight from TripAdvisor
Authors: Çakar Kadir 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and understand the experiences of travelers to Gallipoli, by analyzing their online comments and reviews.Design/methodology/approachThe data were garnered from the well-known online user blog TripAdvisor. Data, concerning visiting the Gallipoli Peninsula, were retrieved from (n=330) travelers’ reviews and comments, and were examined using content analysis to elicit and identify their experiences.FindingsOverall, the travelers’ reviews and comments mostly conveyed emotional and nostalgic experiences. Further, the travelers’ nostalgic experiences of Gallipoli emerged as historical nostalgia deriving from the personal attachment of travelers to the site.Research limitations/implicationsThe data have shown that the experiences of travelers to Gallipoli can mostly be identified as emotional, which are generally consistent with the current literature. This paper utilized traveler reviews and comments on TripAdvisor, left by tourists who had previously visited Gallipoli, and this represents the limitation of the present study. Thus, to better understand the experiences of travelers visiting Gallipoli, with regard to their psychological aspect, future research should be conducted with travelers either through face-to-face interviews or via a survey.Originality/valueDespite its significance for dark tourists, limited research has been carried out that deals with the experiences of travelers visiting the Gallipoli battlefield. As such, this is the first research project designed to highlight the experience of dark tourism, under the concept of nostalgic tourism, by providing valuable data and a deeper understanding of the field.
Exploring entrepreneurial intention’s mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and nascent behaviour
Authors: Mwiya Bruce M.K. , Wang Yong , Kaulungombe Bernadette , Kayekesi Maidah 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of entrepreneurial intention (EI) in relation to the influence of the five dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) on nascent behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe study relies on a quantitative approach where primary data were collected from 294 final year undergraduate students at a public university in Zambia. The data were examined by using correlation, logistic regression and mediation analyses.FindingsThe findings indicate that each of the five dimensions of ESE is positively and significantly related with EI. Additionally, each of the ESE dimensions, except the financial aspect, is positively correlated with nascent behaviour. Finally, the results show that the influence of ESE dimensions on nascent behaviour is significantly mediated by intention.Research limitations/implicationsThe study took place in a public university in Zambia; more universities could be involved to improve the generalisability of the study conclusions.Practical implicationsThe study shows that the five ESE dimensions positively influence not only business start-up intention but also nascent behaviour. To motivate graduates’ involvement in business start-up, there is a need to tailor training and practical pedagogical approaches on entrepreneurship that are focussed on developing the five ESE dimensions.Originality/valueThis paper extends an emerging body of knowledge which has not been fully investigated in terms of the mediating role of intention on the relationships between dimensions of ESE and nascent behaviour. The study also makes a valuable contribution to the under-researched context of Zambia and African entrepreneurship.
Enigma of successful new technology utilization by auto parts MSMEs in northern India
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Singh Harpuneet 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to discover the elements that affect the new technology utilization by auto parts’ micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in northern India.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the literature and professional reviews, 75 critical factors were identified on the basis of that affecting technology utilization in the auto parts-manufacturing MSMEs in Punjab. A survey was conducted in 113 auto parts industries (MSMEs) in Punjab. Descriptive statistics and factors analysis (principle component analysis) in SPSS software was used to examine the data.

Findings
After the analysis, 56 prominent factors were presented those are affecting the technology utilization in auto parts industry. After the study, 23 factors were identified, which explains the variance of 74.99 per cent of the total data. Most important factors for new technology utilization in MSMEs in Punjab are proper understanding of current operation and availability of professional consultant, problems with the compatibility of equipment and fear of layoffs, and the least important factors are volume flexibility and maintenance expenses.

Research limitations/implications
These results deliver valuable perceptions into the awareness of by what means technology utilization has taken place in MSMEs.

Practical implications
The present work delivers beneficial strategies to MSMEs facing ups and downs because of their industry atmosphere.

Originality/value
This research adds to the literature on technology utilization and aids MSMEs in improving themselves for the excursion ahead.
Notes on pollination ecology and floral scent chemistry of the rare neotropical orchid Catasetum galeritumRchb.f.
Authors: Milet‐Pinheiro Paulo , Silva João Batista F. , Navarro Daniela M.A.F. , Machado Isabel C.S. , Gerlach Günter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe neotropical orchid genus Catasetum embraces about 180 species that produce perfume as reward for pollinators (i.e. male euglossine bees). Among the ca. 1000 perfume‐rewarding plants, Catasetum species are the best studied with respect to their natural history. Nevertheless, the pollination ecology of most species (> 80%) remains unknown. Here, we investigated the pollination ecology and floral scent chemistry of C. galeritum, a rare species endemic to the poorly investigated Brazilian Amazon. Flowers of C. galeritum were visited only by male bees of Eufriesea superba. Its perfume bouquet was composed of six volatiles, with 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene accounting for about 85% of the total scent discharge. Curiously, this compound is a potent attractant of more than 40 euglossine species. The absence of euglossine species other than Ef. superba on flowers of C. galeritum might be, therefore, be mediated by a modifier effect of another compound(s) in its floral scent bouquet.
Primer selection impacts specific population abundances but not community dynamics in a monthly time‐series 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis of coastal marine bacterioplankton
Authors: Wear Emma K. , Wilbanks Elizabeth G. , Nelson Craig E. , Carlson Craig A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPrimers targeting the 16S small subunit ribosomal RNA marker gene, used to characterize bacterial and archaeal communities, have recently been re‐evaluated for marine planktonic habitats. To investigate whether primer selection affects the ecological interpretation of bacterioplankton populations and community dynamics, amplicon sequencing with four primer sets targeting several hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene was conducted on both mock communities constructed from cloned 16S rRNA genes and a time‐series of DNA samples from the temperate coastal Santa Barbara Channel. Ecological interpretations of community structure (delineation of depth and seasonality, correlations with environmental factors) were similar across primer sets, while population dynamics varied. We observed substantial differences in relative abundances of taxa known to be poorly resolved by some primer sets, such as Thaumarchaeota and SAR11, and unexpected taxa including Roseobacter clades. Though the magnitude of relative abundances of common OTUs differed between primer sets, the relative abundances of the OTUs were nonetheless strongly correlated. We do not endorse one primer set but rather enumerate strengths and weaknesses to facilitate selection appropriate to a system or experimental goal. While 16S rRNA gene primer bias suggests caution in assessing quantitative population dynamics, community dynamics appear robust across studies using different primers.
The ecological genetics of Pseudomonas syringae from kiwifruit leaves
Authors: Straub Christina , Colombi Elena , Li Li , Huang Hongwen , Templeton Matthew D. , McCann Honour C. , Rainey Paul B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryInteractions between commensal microbes and invading pathogens are understudied, despite their likely effects on pathogen population structure and infection processes. We describe the population structure and genetic diversity of a broad range of co‐occurring Pseudomonas syringae isolated from infected and uninfected kiwifruit during an outbreak of bleeding canker disease caused by P. syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) in New Zealand. Overall population structure was clonal and affected by ecological factors including infection status and cultivar. Most isolates are members of a new clade in phylogroup 3 (PG3a), also present on kiwifruit leaves in China and Japan. Stability of the polymorphism between pathogenic Psa and commensal P. syringae PG3a isolated from the same leaf was tested using reciprocal invasion from rare assays in vitro and in planta. P. syringae G33C (PG3a) inhibited Psa NZ54, while the presence of Psa NZ54 enhanced the growth of P. syringae G33C. This effect could not be attributed to virulence activity encoded by the Type 3 secretion system of Psa. Together our data contribute toward the development of an ecological perspective on the genetic structure of pathogen populations.
Nutrient factories: metabolic function of beneficial microorganisms associated with insects
Authors: Ankrah Nana Y. D. , Douglas Angela E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMany symbiotic microorganisms in animals, including insects, have parallels to microbial nutrient factories of biotechnology: just as the metabolism of individual microorganisms and microbial communities is modified by biotechnologists to produce specific nutrients, so the many insect‐associated microorganisms synthesize specific nutrients that support the sustained growth and reproduction of their animal host. Three broad metabolic functions are mediated by insect‐associated microorganisms: (i) fermentation of dietary constituents, releasing products that contribute to host carbon and energy metabolism; (ii) overproduction of nutrients, notably essential amino acids, required by the host and (iii) recycling of host waste metabolites. In many systems, the nutrients that are released from living microbial cells have been identified, with evidence for metabolite cross‐feeding and shared metabolic pathways both among different microbial taxa and between microorganisms and the host. However, the flux of nutrients from microbial cells to host has rarely been quantified; our understanding of the processes that regulate nutrient transfer is fragmentary; and the scale and mechanism of metabolic adaptations of microorganisms to host nutritional demand are largely unknown. Recent advances in metabolic, microscopical and modelling techniques offer excellent opportunities to resolve these outstanding issues, with insights that can contribute to the effective design of nutrient factories for biotechnological applications.
From the Wembley Conference to the ‘McDonnell Amendment’: Labour's Leadership Nomination Rules
Authors: Quinn Tom 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA recent change to the Labour party's nomination rules for leadership elections was the eighth such major modification of this brief clause in the party's rule book since 1981. These changes have provided a barometer of factional conflict over this period and indicate the importance of gate‐keeping powers in leadership selection. This article recounts the history of these eight rule changes. It shows how the proportion of Labour MPs (and later MEPs) required to nominate candidates in leadership elections has oscillated markedly, as the left has tried to reduce it while centrists have sought to increase it. The most recent change in 2017, when the threshold was decreased to 10 per cent of Labour MPs and MEPs, was a victory for the left. The article argues that the changes to Labour's nomination rules, while lower‐key than the extension of voting rights from MPs to ordinary members, have been just as significant.
Does respiratory variation of inferior vena cava diameter predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously ventilating children with sepsis
Authors: Long Elliot , Duke Trevor , Oakley Ed , O'Brien Adam , Sheridan Bennett , Babl Franz E ,   on behalf of the Pediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe intent of fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is to increase cardiac output and tissue perfusion, yet only 50% of septic children are fluid responsive. We evaluated respiratory variation of inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter as a predictor of fluid responsiveness.MethodsA prospective observational study in the ED of The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Patients were spontaneously ventilating children treated with FBT for sepsis‐induced acute circulatory failure. IVC ultrasound was performed prior to FBT. Trans‐thoracic echocardiography was performed prior to, 5 and 60 min after FBT. IVC collapsibility index and stroke distance were calculated by a blinded Paediatric Emergency Physician and blinded Paediatric Cardiologist, respectively.ResultsThirty‐nine fluid boluses were recorded in 33 children, 28/39 (72%) of which met criteria for fluid responsiveness at 5 min, which was sustained in 2/28 (7%) of initial fluid responders at 60 min. Sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) of IVC collapsibility index were 0.44 (0.25–0.65) and 0.33 (0.10–0.65) with an area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (95% confidence interval) of 0.38 (0.23–0.55) at 5 min. Test characteristics 60 min after fluid bolus administration were not meaningful because of the infrequency of sustained fluid responsiveness in this patient group. There was no significant correlation between IVC collapsibility and fluid responsiveness at 5 or 60 min.ConclusionsIVC collapsibility has poor test characteristics for predicting fluid responsiveness in spontaneously ventilating children with sepsis.
Predictors of weight reduction and maintenance in a large cohort of overweight and obese adults in a community setting
Authors: Bachar Adina , Livshits Gregory , Birk Ruth 
Published: March 2018

AimIn overweight/obese individuals, modest 5% weight loss and its maintenance promotes health; however, it is challenging and typically unachievable, especially in community settings. Established predictors of weight loss outcome in a community setting are lacking, hindering the development of practical interventions and prevention tools. Our aim was to identify predictors associated with 5% weight reduction (initial 6 months) and maintenance (1 year) in overweight and obese adults undergoing weight reduction treatment, free of charge, in a community setting.MethodsComputerised medical files of 11 842 adults aged 50.6 ± 16.3 years, attending 162 primary clinics, were analysed retrospectively. Thirty medical, biochemical and demographic independent variables were tested as potential predictors using multiple logistic regression models.ResultsSignificant predictors of high successful weight reduction were: not being treated with insulin (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53), higher baseline body mass index (OR = 1.05) and younger age (OR = 0.98). Weight maintenance predictors were: successful initial weight reduction (OR = 1.26), short time intervals between weighings (OR = 0.88) and frequent weighing (OR = 0.95). Visits to a dietitian were significantly associated with success during both periods: each visit raised the probability of success by 13.4 and 7.6%, respectively. Type 2 diabetes or use of hypoglycaemic drugs were not significant predictors.ConclusionsIn a community‐based setting, number of visits to a dietitian is a strong predictor of successful weight reduction and maintenance. Initial success is a critical predictor of weight loss maintenance. Subgroup of older, diabetic patients treated with insulin has a dramatically lower probability of weight reduction success.
Loan Sales and Borrowers’ Accounting Conservatism
Authors: Deng Saiying , Li Yutao , Lobo Gerald J. , Shao Pei 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTWe examine whether initial loan sales in the secondary loan market relate to borrowing firms’ accounting conservatism. We find that borrowing firms exhibit a significant decline in accounting conservatism after the initial loan sales. We show that the decline in borrower conservatism is more pronounced for firms that borrow from lenders with lower monitoring incentives and for firms that have lower incentives to supply conservatism. The baseline results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests. Collectively, we provide corroborative evidence that lead lenders’ monitoring incentives enforce accounting conservatism in the private debt market, and that lead lenders play a more prominent role than secondary loan market participants in shaping corporate (conservative) reporting.
Proton pump inhibitor medication is associated with colonisation of gut flora in the oropharynx
Authors: Tranberg A. , Thorarinsdottir H. R. , Holmberg A. , Schött U. , Klarin B. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe normal body exists in mutualistic balance with a large range of microbiota. The primary goal of this study was to establish whether there is an imbalance in the oropharyngeal flora early after hospital or ICU admittance, and whether flora differs between control, ward and critically ill patients. The secondary goal was to explore whether there are patient characteristics that can be associated with a disturbed oropharyngeal flora.MethodsOropharyngeal cultures were obtained from three different study groups: (1) controls from the community, (2) ward patients and (3) critically ill patients, the two latter within 24 h after admittance.ResultsCultures were obtained from 487 individuals: 77 controls, 193 ward patients and 217 critically ill patients. Abnormal pharyngeal flora was more frequent in critically ill and ward patients compared with controls (62.2% and 10.4% vs. 1.3%, P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Colonisation of gut flora in the oropharynx was more frequent in critically ill patients compared with ward patients or controls (26.3% vs. 4.7% and 1.3%, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Proton pump inhibitor medication was the strongest independent factor associated with the presence of gut flora in the oropharynx in both ward and critically ill patients (P = 0.030 and P = 0.044, respectively).ConclusionThis study indicates that abnormal oropharyngeal flora is an early and frequent event in hospitalised patients and more so in the critically ill, compared to controls. Proton pump inhibitor medication is associated with colonisation of gut flora in the oropharynx.
Microanatomy of the digestive tract, hooves and some visceral organs of addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) following a concentrate or forage feeding regime
Authors: Tahas S. A. , Hetzel U. , Altenbrunner‐Martinek B. , Martin Jurado O. , Hammer S. , Arif A. , Hatt J.‐M. , Clauss M. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySubacute ruminal acidosis is a common disease in captive non‐domesticated ruminants and is mainly diagnosed by rumen fluid pH and rumen histology. Furthermore, differences in ruminant gastrointestinal histology have been hypothesized to correlate with the browser–grazer continuum. Twelve surplus addax antelope (Addax nasomaculatus) were divided into two groups, fed either their usual diet, consisting of a concentrate feed with a limited amount of hay, or a diet of unlimited hay only, for 3 months. After culling, descriptive and morphometric histology and pH measurements were compared between groups. Significant variations in cellular subpopulations were noted between groups, with roughage‐fed individuals presenting primarily with balloon cells of the Stratum corneum and living layer cell vacuolization, whereas parakeratosis and intermediate‐type cells were more frequent in the concentrate‐fed group. Lesions typical of subacute ruminal acidosis were significantly more pronounced in concentrate‐fed individuals. Ruminal pH measurements did not differ significantly, but were more consistent in forage‐fed individuals, indicating a more stable reticuloruminal environment. The results indicate that ruminal histology may be more appropriate in assessing ruminal health compared to a single post‐mortem pH measurement. It is proposed that Stratum corneum balloon cells may indicate cell maturation and not, as previously assumed, hyperfunction. Concentrate‐fed individuals scored higher on the presence of inflammatory cells on hoof corium histology. The study further emphasizes the adaptability of ruminant digestive tract microanatomy in adult animals even after a short period of time and the positive effects an increased roughage diet may have in populations of captive grazing ruminants.