bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Multifidus Muscle Swelling on C5 Palsy After Cervical Laminoplasty
Authors: Usami Yoshitada , Nakaya Yoshiharu , Hayama Sachio , Nakano Atsushi , Fujishiro Takashi , Neo Masashi 
Published: August 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective radiological analysis

Objective.
The aim of this study was to identify the effects of posterior cervical muscle swelling on C5 palsy (C5P) by evaluating early postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images.

Summary of Background Data.
Cervical laminoplasty is an established technique, but the risk of C5P after surgery has not been fully resolved. Studies have reported that lateral stretching and postoperative swelling of the multifidus muscle may cause stretching of the medial branches and cervical nerves.

Methods.
A total of 214 C5 nerves of 107 consecutive patients who underwent laminoplasty were examined. We reviewed their demographic and surgical data and radiographic and MR images as parameters, including the axial cross-sectional area (CSA) of the posterior muscles. The patients and C5 nerves were divided into C5P and non-C5P groups. The parameters and changes were compared between the two groups to examine correlations with C5P.

Results.
In demographic data, age, sex, history of smoking, diabetes mellitus, and preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association scores were not significantly different between the groups. Only body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the C5P group. Regarding the surgical and imaging data, the number of laminoplasty, operative time, decompression trough width, cervical sagittal alignment, preoperative spinal cord rotation, and posterior shift of the spinal cord were not significantly different, but the multifidus CSA change ratio was significantly higher in the C5P group. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the multifidus CSA change ratio and BMI were significant independent factors.

Conclusion.
Multifidus swelling is associated with C5P, possibly through traction of the C5 nerve via the medial branches of the cervical dorsal rami. The medial branch is the shortest of the dorsal rami and may have the largest effect by traction force. Therefore, a gentle maneuver of the deep posterior muscles during surgery is a potential countermeasure to prevent C5P.

Level of Evidence: 3
Acquired Leukonychia of the Distal Nail Plate: A Morphologic and Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Ates Deniz , Kosemehmetoglu Kemal 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:
Leukonychia, or whitening of the nail plate, is a common disease that was first described in 1919. Leukonychia is classified as acquired or congenital and may be due to abnormality of the nail bed (pseudoleukonychia) or nail plate (true leukonychia). The distal whitened area of the nail plate was clipped from a 31-year-old woman with striated leukonychia and a 32-year-old man and 34-year-old woman with punctate leukonychia. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining of all clipped samples was performed. A piece of nail with leukonychia and a normal nail from case 2 were sent to the Mayo Clinic for mass spectrometric analysis. On hematoxylin and eosin examination, all leukonychia samples showed odd-appearing eosinophilic linear parakeratinization in the mid-segment of the nail plate. Mass spectrometric analysis of case 2 revealed serum proteins (albumin, serotransferrin IgG, gamma chain, IgG lambda chain, and haptoglobulin) and hair proteins that were not found in the keratin content of the normal nail (keratin type Ha1 and cuticular keratin Ha4). This is the first description of odd-appearing linear parakeratosis and the first proteomic analysis showing abnormal protein content in acquired leukonychia.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Picky Eating in a Low-Income, Primarily Hispanic Sample
Authors: Katzow Michelle , Canfield Caitlin , Gross Rachel S. , Messito Mary Jo , Cates Carolyn Brockmeyer , Weisleder Adriana , Johnson Samantha Berkule , Mendelsohn Alan L. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT:Objective:Feeding concerns are common in the first 2 years of life and typically reflect maternal perceptions occurring within the larger context of the parent-child relationship. We aimed to determine whether (1) maternal depressive systems predicted perceived picky eating, mediated by maternal negative perceptions; (2) receipt of the Video Interaction Project (VIP) parenting intervention impacted perceived picky eating through this pathway; and (3) perceived picky eating was associated with child growth or subsequent dietary patterns.Methods:We performed a partial longitudinal analysis of 187 low-income, predominantly Hispanic mother-child dyads enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of the VIP. Mother-infant dyads were enrolled postpartum in an urban public hospital. Participants randomized to the VIP met with an interventionist on days of well-child visits; sessions were designed to facilitate interactions in play and shared reading through provision of learning materials and review of videotaped parent-child interaction; the curriculum did not contain feeding-specific elements. We used structural equation modeling to determine direct, indirect, and total effects of maternal depressive symptoms, maternal negative perceptions, and the VIP on perceived picky eating. We then tested associations between perceived picky eating and (1) child growth, using multivariable linear regression and multilevel modeling; and (2) subsequent child dietary consumption, using multivariable multinomial logistic regression.Results:Maternal depressive symptoms had significant total effects on negative maternal perceptions (β = 0.32,p< 0.001) and perceived picky eating (β = 0.21,p< 0.01) after controlling for potential confounders. This effect was partially mediated by maternal negative perceptions (indirect effect: β = 0.06,p= 0.04). When used in the model as the predictor, the VIP had a significant total effect on perceived picky eating (β = −0.16,p= 0.02), which was partially mediated by maternal depressive symptoms and negative perceptions (indirect effect: β = −0.05,p= 0.02). Perceived picky eating was not associated with child diet at age 2 years or adiposity from 6 months to 3 years.Conclusion:Maternal concerns about picky eating may reflect deeper depressive symptoms and negative perceptions of her child's behavior. Interventions designed to facilitate positive parenting in general may lessen feeding-specific concerns, such as picky eating. Although reassurance about growth and nutritional outcomes for children perceived as picky eaters is appropriate, clinicians should also consider probing for underlying symptoms of depression that could lead to eating concerns.
Botulinum Toxin A Improves Supramuscular Fat Graft Retention by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Adipogenesis
Authors: Wu Mengfan , Li Ye , Wang Zijue , Feng Jingwei , Wang Jing , Xiao Xiuyun , Lu Feng , Dong Ziqing 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUNDAutologous fat grafting is commonly used for soft-tissue augmentation and reconstruction in plastic surgery. However, long-term graft retention rates are unpredictable, especially in muscle-related fat grafting.OBJECTIVETo determine whether botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) may improve supramuscular fat grafting retention by reducing muscle movement, thereby enhancing angiogenesis and adipogenesis.MATERIALS AND METHODSPre-BTX+ nude mice were injected with BoNTA on the right quadriceps femoris and underwent supramuscular fat grafting 1 week later. BTX+ nude mice simultaneously underwent BoNTA injection and transplantation. Control nude mice underwent transplantation without BoNTA. Graft volumes were determined, and grafts underwent histological analyses and immunostaining. CatWalk XT gait analysis was conducted on BTX+ mice.RESULTSPre-BTX+ and BTX+ groups had significantly higher retention rates and exhibited better angiogenesis and adipocyte survival than the Control group.CONCLUSIONBoNTA injections improved the long-term retention of supramuscular fat grafts by reducing muscle movement, possibly by augmenting angiogenesis and adipogenesis.
Acute Air Pollution Exposure and the Risk of Violent Behavior in the United States
Authors: Berman Jesse D. , Burkhardt Jesse , Bayham Jude , Carter Ellison , Wilson Ander 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Violence is a leading cause of death and an important public health threat, particularly among adolescents and young adults. However, the environmental causes of violent behavior are not well understood. Emerging evidence suggests exposure to air pollution may be associated with aggressive or impulsive reactions in people.

Methods:
We applied a two-stage hierarchical time-series model to estimate change in risk of violent and nonviolent criminal behavior associated with short-term air pollution in U.S. counties (2000–2013). We used daily monitoring data for ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from the Environmental Protection Agency and daily crime counts from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. We evaluated the exposure–response relation and assessed differences in risk by community characteristics of poverty, urbanicity, race, and age.

Results:
Our analysis spans 301 counties in 34 states, representing 86.1 million people and 721,674 days. Each 10 µg/m3 change in daily PM2.5 was associated with a 1.17% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90, 1.43) and a 10 ppb change in ozone with a 0.59% (95% CI = 0.41, 0.78) relative risk increase (RRI) for violent crime. However, we observed no risk increase for nonviolent property crime due to PM2.5 (RRI: 0.11%; 95% CI = −0.09, 0.31) or ozone (RRI: −0.05%; 95% CI = −0.22, 0.12). Our results were robust across all community types, except rural regions. Exposure–response curves indicated increased violent crime risk at concentrations below regulatory standards.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that short-term changes in ambient air pollution may be associated with a greater risk of violent behavior, regardless of community type.
Cardiotonic Steroids Induce Vascular Fibrosis Via Pressure-Independent Mechanism in NaCl-Loaded Diabetic Rats
Authors: Fedorova Olga V. , Fadeev Artem V. , Grigorova Yulia N. , Marshall Courtney A. , Zernetkina Valentina , Kolodkin Nikolai I. , Agalakova Natalia I. , Konradi Alexandra O. , Lakatta Edward G. , Bagrov Alexei Y. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:
Endogenous cardiotonic steroid, marinobufagenin (MBG), induces Fli1-dependent tissue fibrosis. We hypothesized that an increase in MBG initiates the development of aortic fibrosis in salt-loaded rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) via pressure-independent mechanism. DM2 was induced by a single intraperitoneal administration of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin to neonatal (4–5 days) male Wistar rats. Eight-week-old DM2 rats received water or 1.8% NaCl (DM-NaCl) solution for 4 weeks (n = 16); half of DM-NaCl rats were treated with anti-MBG monoclonal antibody (mAb) (DM-NaCl-AB) during week 4 of salt loading; control intact rats received water (n = 8/group). Blood pressure, MBG, erythrocyte Na/K-ATPase activity, aortic weights, levels of fibrosis markers (Fli1, protein kinase Cδ, transforming growth factor-β1, receptors of the transforming growth factor beta5, fibronectin, collagen-1), and sensitivity of the aortic explants to the vasorelaxant effect of sodium nitroprusside were assessed. No changes in systolic blood pressure were observed while erythrocyte Na/K-ATPase was inhibited by 30%, plasma MBG was doubled, and aortic markers of fibrosis became elevated in DM-NaCl rats versus control. Treatment of DM-NaCl rats with anti-MBG mAb activated Na/K-ATPase, prevented increases in aortic weights, and the levels of fibrosis markers returned to the control levels. The responsiveness of the aortic rings from DM-NaCl rats to the relaxant effect of sodium nitroprusside was reduced (half maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 29 nmol/L) versus control rings (EC50 = 7 nmol/L) and was restored by anti-MBG mAb (EC50 = 9 nmol/L). Our results suggest that in salt-loaded diabetic rats, MBG stimulates aortic collagen synthesis in a pressure-independent fashion and that 2 profibrotic mechanisms, Fli1 dependent and transforming growth factor-β dependent, underlie its effects.
Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Preterm Infants and Later Onset of Asthma
Authors: Jalink Matthew B. , Langley Joanne M. , Dodds Linda , Andreou Pantelis 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections in infants. Preterm infants are at increased risk for hospitalization with RSV (RSV-H), but there are few data on the relationship between RSV-H and asthma in preterm infants, or any data stratified by gestational age, and most studies have short follow-up periods. We sought to evaluate the relationship between serious RSV illness and onset of asthma up to 5 years of age in a cohort of preterm children and to quantify this association.

Methods:
A retrospective birth cohort of preterm infants (29 weeks 0 days to 35 weeks 6 days gestational age) was constructed from a provincial population-based database, and children were followed forward for 5 years. Incidence rates of RSV-H and asthma were determined. In a Cox proportional hazards model, controlled for putative confounding factors for asthma, the hazard ratio and 95% CI of asthma in children with and without RSV-H was evaluated.

Results:
Among 3916 premature children, the incidence rate of RSV-H was 25/1000 infants. The cumulative incidence rate of asthma at 5 years of age in children with RSV-H was 57.9/1000 person-years compared with 36.7 in those without RSV-H; the adjusted hazards ratio for asthma in RSV-H infants was elevated at 1.58 (95% CI: 1.03–2.41).

Conclusions:
In prematurely born children, there is a moderate association between severe RSV infection, as measured by RSV-H in the first year of life, and asthma up to 5 years of age.
Long-Acting Injectables Versus Oral Antipsychotics
Authors: Miura Gentaro , Misawa Fuminari , Kawade Yuko , Fujii Yasuo , Mimura Masaru , Kishimoto Taishiro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Mirror-image studies, which compare equal periods of time before and after a new treatment is introduced, may reflect the real-world impact of that treatment. However, most mirror-image studies that have investigated the impact of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) were unidirectional in design, for patients switching from oral antipsychotics (OAPs) to LAIs. Therefore, we conducted a bidirectional mirror-image study comparing LAIs and OAPs.

Methods
We included 126 schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder patients' LAI treatment data from 3 psychiatric hospitals. Patients took OAPs for 6 months or more before initiating LAIs, or the reverse. We obtained data on the number of hospitalizations as a primary outcome, plus the total duration and mean duration of hospitalization as secondary outcomes during the 6 months of the patients' first treatment, and the 6 months after the patients started their second type of treatment.

Results
The results indicated that there was no significant difference in any outcomes between LAI and OAP treatment when going from LAIs to OAPs (n = 59). However, when patients started with OAPs and switched to LAIs (n = 67), they were hospitalized a significantly fewer number of times, and the duration of their stays was shorter in the LAI phase than in the OAP phase. When combined with bidirectional data, LAI superiority was still observed.

Conclusions
The findings endorse the relative effectiveness of LAIs over OAPs in the real world, although the inherent flaws of mirror-image studies such as expectation bias and having no parallel comparator should be considered.
Is Antipsychotic Treatment Associated With Risk of Pneumonia in People With Serious Mental Illness?
Authors: Chan Hung-Yu , Lai Chien-Liang , Lin Yi-Chun , Hsu Chun-Chi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Most pneumonia-related researches in people with severe mental illness were based on insurance claims data. This study aimed for a comprehensive analysis of factors potentially associated with risk of pneumonia in psychiatric inpatients.

Methods
Inpatients at a large psychiatric hospital diagnosed with pneumonia during the course of hospitalization were enrolled as cases. Controls were matched by ward and date. The diagnosis of pneumonia was confirmed by physicians based on clinical features, chest radiographs, and blood tests. A stepwise conditional logistic regression model was used to identify potential risk factors for pneumonia.

Results
Seventy-five pneumonia cases and 436 matched controls were enrolled. Conditional logistic regression revealed 3 variables significantly associated with an increased risk of pneumonia: a higher score on the Clinical Global Impression—Severity scale (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]. 1.5–9.1), a higher score on the Charlson comorbidity index (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5–3.2), and a longer duration of antipsychotic treatment (aOR, 1.0; 95% CI, 1.0–1.0). Two variables were significantly associated with a decreased risk of pneumonia: a higher score on the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (aOR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8–0.9) and an older age of onset (aOR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.9–1.0). After adjusting for potential confounders, use of antipsychotic or other psychotropic medications was not found to be a significant risk factor for pneumonia.

Conclusions
Physical comorbidities, long duration of antipsychotic treatment, early onset, severe psychiatric symptoms, and poor global functioning are associated with pneumonia in people with serious mental illness.
Evaluation of Prescribing Patterns of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics Within a Community Health System
Authors: Netley Jared , Gaul Jamie , Ferguson Chelsea 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs) are used in the management of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and related psychiatric conditions. The efficacy of LAIAs has been established in randomized controlled trials; however, usage of LAIAs outside of randomized controlled trials may not correlate to naturalistic prescribing habits. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the prescribing patterns of LAIAs within our health system and identify any inconsistencies between medications' published labeling information and clinical practice.

Methods/Procedures
All patients who received a LAIA at the time of the analysis were included for review. Areas of inconsistency between the prescribed LAIA and each medication's published labeling information were targeted and assessed. Frequency statistics were used to review the following areas for inconsistencies: indication, trial of oral therapy, dose, frequency, and titration method.

Findings/Results
This analysis included 427 patient cases who received a combined 1480 injections during the analysis period. Overall consistency rates between labeling information and prescribed LAIAs within the analysis period were as follows: 71.2% for indication, 67.4% for trial of oral therapy, 94.4% for dose of LAIA, 84.5% for injection frequency, and 93.9% for titration method.

Implications/Conclusions
Inconsistencies were observed between labeling information and clinical practice for LAIAs prescribed within the community health system. Patients who are more symptomatic and have additional psychological comorbidities are commonly excluded from clinical trials. Alternative dosing may be clinically necessary to obtain an adequate response, and this may have been captured in this review. This analysis may be hypothesis generating for future studies on LAIAs.
Auditory Performances in Older and Younger Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients: Use of the HEARRING Registry
Authors: Hofkens-Van den Brandt Anouk , Mertens Griet , Gilles Annick , Fransen Erik , Lassaletta Luis , Gavilan Javier , Calvino Miryam , Yanov Yuri , Kuzovkov Vladislav , Kliachko Dmitrii , Zernotti Mario , Gregorio Dra Maria Fernanda Di , Van Rompaey Vincent , Van de Heyning Paul , Sugarova Seraphima 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the hearing outcomes of cochlear implantation in different age groups by using data collected in the HEARRING registry.

Methods:
A multicenter study. Data of 146 patients were collected in a HEARRING registry. Patients were divided into three different age groups; ≤ 55 years old (age group 1, n = 66), 56 to 69 years old (age group 2, n = 45), and ≥ 70 years old (age group 3, n = 35). Speech in quiet (SPIQ), speech in noise (SPIN), and hearing implant sound quality index (HISQUI19) scores were evaluated for the different age groups at different test moments (preoperatively, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo after first fitting).

Results:
A statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) was found between preoperative scores and the scores on all the follow-up moments across all age groups. For SPIQ and SPIN, none of the time points showed a statistically significant age effect (p = 0.88 and p = 0.89). For HISQUI19 scores, a statistically significant age effect was found at 12 months after first fitting. The oldest age group scored significantly lower on the HISQUI19 compared with the youngest age group.

Conclusion:
Hearing outcomes of adult cochlear implant users of different age groups were evaluated. The SPIQ and SPIN tests showed no significant differences between the different age groups. Nevertheless, the youngest group scored significantly better on self -perceived benefit (HISQUI19) with a cochlear implant compared with the oldest age group.
Further research is needed to receive more insight into cochlear implantation in the elderly and its implications on rehabilitating and supporting this expanding older population.
Case report: painful exanthems caused by enterovirus D68 in an adolescent
Authors: Chang Tu-Hsuan , Yang Tzu-I , Hsu Wei-Yun , Huang Li-Min , Chang Luan-Yin , Lu Chun-Yi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Unlike other enteroviruses which can cause herpangina or hand-foot-and-mouth disease, enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has usually been linked to respiratory and neurological problems in young children. Skin manifestations had rarely been described in current literatures.

Patient concerns:
We report a 17-year-old girl with fever and painful skin rash over legs and soles for 9 days. Pitting edema was also noted below the knees. There was no respiratory tract or neurological symptoms in this patient.

Diagnoses:
EV-D68 was detected from a throat swab by RT-PCR and confirmed to be subclade B3 by sequencing.

Interventions:
Supportive management.

Outcomes:
The patient was afebrile after 9 days and got full recovery on the 23rd day at outpatient follow-up.

Lessons:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of EV-D68 infection with skin manifestations, clinical images, and detailed clinical course. Our findings in this particular case extend the understanding of the disease spectrum.