bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using geographically weighted regression to explore neighborhood‐level predictors of domestic abuse in the UK
Authors: Weir Ruth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReducing domestic abuse has become a priority for both local and national governments in the UK, with its substantial human, social, and economic costs. It is an interdisciplinary issue, but to date there has been no research in the UK that has focused on neighborhood‐level predictors of domestic abuse and their variation across space. This article uses geographically weighted regression to model the predictors of police‐reported domestic abuse in Essex. Readily available structural and cultural variables were found to predict the domestic abuse rate and the repeat victimization rate at the lower super output area level and the model coefficients were all found to be non‐stationary, indicating varying relationships across space. This research not only has important implications for victims' well being, but also enables policy makers to gain a better understanding of the geography of victimization, allowing targeted policy interventions and efficiently allocated resources.
How innovation impacts firms' export survival: Does export mode matter?
Authors: Dai Meihong , Liu Haiyang , Lin Lingtao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe innovation‐export nexus has been extensively explored, while relatively few studies have focused on innovation's impact on firms' export survival and the role of export mode. Using a large panel dataset from China, this research empirically explores how innovation impacts firms' export survival, considering export modes. First, we employ the discrete‐time survival analysis model (cloglog) to examine this research addressing the censored issue. Second, the propensity score matching (PSM) methodology is employed to address the selection‐bias issue and select the similar firms based on which to compare their Kaplan–Meier survivor probability. Results present a positive role of innovation in the export survival of direct exporters; however, there is an inverted‐U relationship between innovation intensity and their survival probability. For indirect exporters, evidence shows an insignificant innovation‐export survival nexus. In addition, results show higher export survival for Chinese innovative exporters who are foreign‐owned, highly export‐intensive, long‐lasting in export market, in technology industries. For innovative exporters who export directly, those in medium and low‐technological industries and export capital goods are more likely to survive. Our research provides insights for Chinese exporters regarding innovation participation and suggests the government conducting prudent and deliberate design for innovation strategy.
Distinct pattern of oculomotor impairment associated with acute sleep loss and circadian misalignment
Authors: Stone Leland S. , Tyson Terence L. , Cravalho Patrick F. , Feick Nathan H. , Flynn‐Evans Erin E. 
Published: August 2019

Key points
Inadequate sleep and irregular work schedules have not only adverse consequences for individual health and well‐being, but also enormous economic and safety implications for society as a whole.
This study demonstrates that visual motion processing and coordinated eye movements are significantly impaired when performed after sleep loss and during the biological night, and thus may be contributing to human error and accidents.
Because affected individuals are often unaware of their sensorimotor and cognitive deficits, there is a critical need for non‐invasive, objective indicators of mild, yet potentially unsafe, impairment due to disrupted sleep or biological rhythms.
Our findings show that a set of eye‐movement measures can be used to provide sensitive and reliable indicators of such mild neural impairments.
AbstractSleep loss and circadian misalignment have long been known to impair human cognitive and motor performance with significant societal and health consequences. It is well known that human reaction time to a visual cue is impaired following sleep loss and circadian misalignment, but it has remained unclear how more complex visuomotor control behaviour is altered under these conditions. In this study, we measured 14 parameters of the voluntary ocular tracking response of 12 human participants (six females) to systematically examine the effects of sleep loss and circadian misalignment using a constant routine 24‐h acute sleep‐deprivation paradigm. The combination of state‐of‐the‐art oculometric and sleep‐research methodologies allowed us to document, for the first time, large changes in many components of pursuit, saccades and visual motion processing as a function of time awake and circadian phase. Further, we observed a pattern of impairment across our set of oculometric measures that is qualitatively different from that observed previously with other mild neural impairments. We conclude that dynamic vision and visuomotor control exhibit a distinct pattern of impairment linked with time awake and circadian phase. Therefore, a sufficiently broad set of oculometric measures could provide a sensitive and specific behavioural biomarker of acute sleep loss and circadian misalignment. We foresee potential applications of such oculometric biomarkers assisting in the assessment of readiness‐to‐perform higher risk tasks and in the characterization of sub‐clinical neural impairment in the face of a multiplicity of potential risk factors, including disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms.
What were the impacts of the Committee on Safety of Medicines warning and publication of the NICE guidelines on trends in child and adolescent antidepressant prescribing in primary care? A population based study
Authors: Tiffin Paul A , Mediavilla Jose L , Close Helen , Kasim Adetayo S , Welsh Patrick , Paton Lewis W , Mason James M 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of both the Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM) warning (December 2003) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance (September 2005) on antidepressant prescription rates in children and adolescents within the UK primary care service.SettingPopulation based study of primary care antidepressant prescribing using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).ParticipantsUnder-18s presenting to primary care with a depressive disorder or related diagnostic code recorded in the CPRD.Primary outcome measureAntidepressant prescription rates per month per 100 000 depressed 4–17 year olds.ResultsFollowing the CSM warning, the prior trend towards increased prescribing rates for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in children was significantly reversed (β for change in trend −12.34 (95% CI −18.67 to −6.00, p<0.001)). However, after the publication of the NICE guidelines the prior trend towards increased prescribing resumed for those SSRIs mentioned as potential treatments in the guidance (fluoxetine, citalopram and sertraline) (β for change in trend 11.52 (95% CI 5.32 to 17.73, p<0.001)). Prescribing of other SSRIs and tricyclics remained low.ConclusionsDespite a strong emphasis on psychosocial interventions for child and adolescent depression, it may be that the NICE guidelines inadvertently encouraged further antidepressant prescribing, at least for those SSRIs cited. Although the guidelines gave cautions and caveats for the use of antidepressants, practitioners may have interpreted these recommendations as endorsing their use in young people with depression and related conditions. However, more accurate prevalence trend estimates for depression in this age group, and information on the use of psychosocial interventions would be needed to rule out other reasons underlying this increase in prescribing.
Identifying hearing care access barriers among older Pacific Island people in New Zealand: a qualitative study
Authors: Reddy Ravi , Welch David , Lima Ieti , Thorne Peter , Nosa Vili 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesHearing loss is one of the most prevalent conditions affecting older people. In addition, there is little known about the factors influencing the uptake of hearing services among underserved communities. Our objective was to identify the barriers to accessing hearing care services among older Pacific Island people in New Zealand.SettingsEligible participants from Auckland City, New Zealand.ParticipantsIndividual face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with 36 older Pacific Island people who were experienced hearing difficulties.MethodsA Pacific Island research methodology (Talanoa) and the ‘Health Care Access Barriers’ (HCAB) model, which identifies modifiable barriers to healthcare, was used as a theoretical framework for this research. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using a deductive approach to identify HCAB themes and subthemes experienced by older Pacific Island people.ResultsIdentified themes aligned with HCAB’s themes of financial, structural and cognitive barriers and subthemes described Pacific Island perspectives related to hearing care access in New Zealand. The financial barriers related to the high cost of hearing care and the structural barriers included transportation difficulties, limited family support, preference for community-based services and the absence of hearing care delivered by family doctors. Community norms and attitudes, communication limitations and limited awareness of hearing care services formed cognitive barriers among older Pasifika people in this study.ConclusionWe identified financial, structural and cognitive barriers that dissuaded older Pasifika people from accessing hearing care services. These modifiable barriers need to be eliminated or minimised to enable people to readily receive the hearing care assistance they need. It is essential to improve and develop culturally responsive models of hearing service delivery to ensure equitable access to hearing care, especially for underserved groups such as Pacific Island communities.
Automated detection of wrong-drug prescribing errors
Authors: Lambert Bruce L , Galanter William , Liu King Lup , Falck Suzanne , Schiff Gordon , Rash-Foanio Christine , Schmidt Kelly , Shrestha Neeha , Vaida Allen J , Gaunt Michael J 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundTo assess the specificity of an algorithm designed to detect look-alike/sound-alike (LASA) medication prescribing errors in electronic health record (EHR) data.SettingUrban, academic medical centre, comprising a 495-bed hospital and outpatient clinic running on the Cerner EHR. We extracted 8 years of medication orders and diagnostic claims. We licensed a database of medication indications, refined it and merged it with the medication data. We developed an algorithm that triggered for LASA errors based on name similarity, the frequency with which a patient received a medication and whether the medication was justified by a diagnostic claim. We stratified triggers by similarity. Two clinicians reviewed a sample of charts for the presence of a true error, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. We computed specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and yield.ResultsThe algorithm analysed 488 481 orders and generated 2404 triggers (0.5% rate). Clinicians reviewed 506 cases and confirmed the presence of 61 errors, for an overall PPV of 12.1% (95% CI 10.7% to 13.5%). It was not possible to measure sensitivity or the false-negative rate. The specificity of the algorithm varied as a function of name similarity and whether the intended and dispensed drugs shared the same route of administration.ConclusionAutomated detection of LASA medication errors is feasible and can reveal errors not currently detected by other means. Real-time error detection is not possible with the current system, the main barrier being the real-time availability of accurate diagnostic information. Further development should replicate this analysis in other health systems and on a larger set of medications and should decrease clinician time spent reviewing false-positive triggers by increasing specificity.
Restricting conversations about voluntary assisted dying: implications for clinical practice
Authors: Willmott Lindy , White Ben , Ko Danielle , Downar James , Deliens Luc 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesOn 19 June 2019, assisted dying became lawful in Victoria, the second most populous state in Australia. Section 8 of theVoluntary Assisted Dying Actis a legislative safeguard that is designed to ensure a patient’s request for assistance to die is voluntary. This section prohibits health practitioners from initiating a conversation about assisted dying with the patient. This article explores the potential implications of this prohibition for effective communication between doctors and their patients, and the ability of doctors to provide high quality end-of-life (EOL) care in some cases.MethodThe authors reviewed and analysed literature on the importance of communication at the EOL including the need to understand and appropriately respond to Desire to Die or Desire to Hasten Death statements. A legal critique of section 8 of the VictorianVoluntary Assisted Dying Actwas also undertaken to determine the scope of this new duty and how it aligns with existing legal obligations that would otherwise require doctors to provide information about EOL options requested by a patient.ResultsContemporary literature suggests that open and honest communication between doctor and patient including the provision of information about all EOL options when sought by the patient represents good clinical practice and will lead to optimal EOL care. The provision of such information also reflects professional, ethical and legal norms.ConclusionDespite (arguably) promoting an appropriate policy objective, the legislative prohibition on health professionals initiating conversations about voluntary assisted dying may, in cases where patients seek information about all EOL options, lead to less optimal patient outcomes.
Antenatal contraception counselling and provision of contraception after delivery for first-time young mothers enrolled with a Family Nurse Partnership programme
Authors: Gallagher Bridget , Cameron Sharon T , Craig Alison , Gallimore Annette , Lakha Fatim 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate antenatal contraceptive counselling and provision of postpartum contraception on contraceptive choices of first-time teenage mothers enrolled with a Family Nurse Partnership (FNP) programme.DesignHealth service research evaluation.PopulationCohort of FNP clients (n=195), Scotland, UK.MethodsAntenatal contraceptive counselling and provision of chosen method from the hospital. Evaluation consisted of (i) self-administered questionnaires of FNP clients and (ii) interviews with FNP clients and FNP nurses.Main outcome measuresFNP client views on intervention. Secondary outcomes included: contraceptive choice antenatally, at day 10 postpartum, 3 and 12 months after delivery, and views of FNP nurses on the intervention.ResultsAntenatal questionnaires were completed by 118/195 (61%) clients. 96/118 (81%) agreed that it was very or quite helpful to receive antenatal contraceptive counselling and 80/118 (68%) were planning to use a long-acting reversible method of contraception (LARC). 97/121 (80%) wished to receive contraception before leaving the hospital. 104/195 (53%) completed a questionnaire at day 10 postpartum, of which 33 (32%) indicated that they had received contraception from the hospital. FNP nurses expressed frustration when contraception was not provided; this was usually attributed to the busy workload of the maternity department.ConclusionsAntenatal contraceptive counselling was appreciated by FNP clients and they expressed a preference for contraception provision following delivery. Over two-thirds planned to use a LARC method but many did not receive this from the hospital. Further interventions are required to ensure that the provision of postpartum contraception is prioritised for this group of young women.
Long-term prognosis of patients with J-wave syndrome
Authors: Kamakura Tsukasa , Shinohara Tetsuji , Yodogawa Kenji , Murakoshi Nobuyuki , Morita Hiroshi , Takahashi Naohiko , Inden Yasuya , Shimizu Wataru , Nogami Akihiko , Horie Minoru , Aiba Takeshi , Kusano Kengo 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveLimited data are currently available regarding the long-term prognosis of patients with J-wave syndrome (JWS). The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term prognosis of patients with JWS and identify predictors of the recurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF).MethodsThis was a multicentre retrospective study (seven Japanese hospitals) involving 134 patients with JWS (Brugada syndrome (BrS): 85; early repolarisation syndrome (ERS): 49) treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. All patients had a history of VF. All patients with ERS underwent drug provocation testing with standard and high intercostal ECG recordings to rule out BrS. The impact of global J waves (type 1 ECG or anterior J waves and inferolateral J waves in two or more leads) on the prognosis was evaluated.ResultsDuring the 91±66 months of the follow-up period, 52 (39%) patients (BrS: 37; ERS: 15) experienced recurrence of VF. Patients with BrS and ERS with global J waves showed a significantly higher incidence of VF recurrence than those without (BrS: log-rank, p=0.014; ERS: log-rank, p=0.0009). The presence of global J waves was a predictor of VF recurrence in patients with JWS (HR: 2.16, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.91, p=0.0095), while previously reported high-risk electrocardiographic parameters (high-amplitude J waves ≥0.2 mV and J waves associated with a horizontal or descending ST segment) were not predictive of VF recurrence.ConclusionsThis multicentre long-term study showed that the presence of global J waves was associated with a higher incidence of VF recurrence in patients with JWS.
Production of a light top-squark pair in association with a light non-SM Higgs boson within the NMSSM from proton–proton collisions at s = 13 TeV and 33 TeV
Authors: Das Siba P. , Fraga Jorge F. , Avila Carlos 
Published: August 2019

We study the production of a light top-squark pair in association with the lightest Higgs boson [Formula: see text], as predicted by the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) in proton–proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 13 TeV and 33 TeV. We scan randomly about 10 million points of the NMSSM parameter space, allowing all possible decays of the lightest top-squark and lightest Higgs boson, with no further assumptions, except for known physical constraints such as perturbative bounds, dark matter relic density consistent with recent Planck experiment measurements, Higgs mass bounds on the next to lightest Higgs boson, [Formula: see text], assuming it is consistent with LHC measurements for the Standard Model Higgs boson, LEP bounds for the chargino mass and [Formula: see text] invisible width, experimental bounds on [Formula: see text] meson rare decays and some LHC experimental bounds on SUSY particle spectra different to the particles involved in our analysis. We find that for low mass top-squark, the dominating decay mode is [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. We use three benchmark points with the highest cross-sections, which naturally fall within the compressed spectra of the top-squark, and make a phenomenological analysis to determine the optimal event selection that maximizes the signal significance over backgrounds. We focus on the leptonic decays of both [Formula: see text]’s and the decay of the lightest Higgs boson into [Formula: see text]-quarks [Formula: see text]. Our results show that the high luminosity LHC will have limitations to observe the studied SUSY scenario and only a proton collider with a collision energy above 33 TeV will be able to observe this signal with more than three standard deviations over background, albeit for stop masses below 300 GeV.
ACTIVE-POLYPHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS-RICH GREEN INHIBITOR FOR THE SURFACE PROTECTION OF LOW CARBON STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIUM
Authors: CHUNG ILL-MIN , HEMAPRIYA VENKATESAN , KANCHANA PONNUSAMY , ARUNADEVI NATARAJAN , CHITRA SUBRAMANIAN , KIM SEUNG-HYUN , PRABAKARAN MAYAKRISHNAN 
Published: August 2019

Eco-friendly biodegradable Rhododendron schlippenbachii (R. schlippenbachii) green inhibitors, R. schlippenbachii methanolic (RSMeOH) extract, which can effectively reduce low carbon steel corrosion rate, were investigated using weight-loss and electrochemical (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) techniques. The inhibitors exhibited higher efficiency by retarding the corrosion process in 1[Formula: see text]M H2SO4and the inhibition efficiency is found to be concentration dependent. The reactivity of the predominant phytochemical components of the extract are analyzed. The adsorption of inhibitors on low carbon steel is followed the Langmuir adsorption. The protective inhibitor film formed on the metal surface was confirmed by SEM and AFM techniques.
Stochastic modelling of fault gouge zones: implications for fault seal analysis
Authors: Grant Neil T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Fault zones are complex, and show considerable variability in both structure and the distribution of associated fault rocks within the fault core: the zone that localizes most strain and displacement. It is the fault-core gouge zone and associated slip surfaces which provide the cross-fault seal when permeable layers are juxtaposed. Predicting the sealing properties of fault gouge zones is difficult but often required when evaluating faults in exploration prospects. A stochastic modelling approach is described to help better understand the compositional controls on fault gouge seal potential. The model is populated with a random assemblage of four fault rock components: shale smears, shaly gouge, cataclastic gouge and low-strain host-rock lenses. Harmonic averaging of permeability and arithmetic averaging of
V
shale
are then used to upscale the properties, and to propose a simple permeability–
V
shale
model for fault rocks. Practical application of the model is discussed by developing an empirical link between standard well-log data and associated fault rock effective permeability. This new approach has the potential to offer a simple well-log-based fault seal model. The utility of the model is demonstrated with a case study, comparing the results to those generated using other published techniques.