bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Body Image Perception among 8 th Grade Pupils
Authors: Derkintienė Sigita 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. Previous studies have shown that dissatisfaction with the body image among girls often reflects a desire to be thinner, among boys – a desire to be bigger, taller, become more muscular and have a nice body shape. It is known that adolescents have a very precise body image which is related to their own perception. However, there is a gap in research, analyzing body image aspect, i. e. evaluation of specific body image components. Hypothesis – there is a difference in the satisfaction level with specific body image components among 8 th grade pupils; body image assessment of 8 th grade pupils is different in the aspect of gender. Research aim was to establish gender differences in body image perception among 8 th grade pupils.Research methods. The research has been conducted during the months of March-April-May of 2012. A random probability sampling method was used with 8 th grade pupils from 24 general education schools located in various cities and towns around Lithuania. The research sample was comprised of 1347 (boys n = 674, girls n = 673) 8 th grade pupils. To perform the diagnostic analysis, the author designed a body image perception questionnaire, composed on the basis of V. Rittner (1986), A. Zaborskis et al. (1996), R. Jankauskienė (2001), A. Zaborskis, J. Makari (2001), W. D. Brettschneider, T. Kleine, G. Klimek (2003), D. M. Garner (2004), R. Russell (2004), A. Miškinytė (2011), questionnaires.Research results. Results of the present research allows concluding that respondents are more dissatisfied with their body image components which are influenced by adolescents’ phenotype. i.e. stomach, shoulders, legs, thighs, hips, buttocks, waist, shin, breast (p < 0.001). Gender differences in body image perception revealed that girls tended to be more dissatisfied with their facial features (p < 0.001), nose (p < 0.001), cheeks (p = 0.003), facial skin (p < 0.001), hair (p = 0.001), breasts (p = 0.004), waist (p = 0.001), stomach (p < 0.001), legs (p = 0.001), hips (p < 0.001), thighs (p < 0.001), shin (p < 0,001), buttocks (p < 0.001), feet (p < 0.001), naked body (p < 0.001), body shape (p < 0.001), and body weight (p < 0.001). Discussion and conclusions. Differences in body image perception among 8 th grade pupils depend on gender, i. e. girls compared to boys (p < 0.001), tend to be more dissatisfied with their body image.Keywords: body image, adolescence, body weight, body type, body shape.
The Impact of Educational Counseling on the Alteration of Athletic Identity among Adolescents
Authors: Rakauskienė Vinga , Dumčienė Audronė 
Published: May 2019

Research background and hypothesis. The article deals with the manifestation of athletic identity of senior students of secondary schools as a major precondition for the development of physical education among adolescents and health-favouring lifelong physical activity (Anderson, 2004; Bélanger, et al., 2011). The hypothesis of the paper is that under educational counseling, the evaluations of athletic identity among adolescents increase.Research aim was find out the impact of educational counseling (EC) on the alteration of athletic identity (AI) of adolescents.Research methods. In order to evaluate AI among adolescents, a methodology of EC was employed. To reveal issues faced by adolescents, questions of four types were employed: Exception, Miracle, Coping and Scale questions together with PA definition questions ( International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form). The evaluation of AI was performed with the Athletic Identity Questionnaire for Adolescents as developed by C. B. Anderson, L. C. Mâsse and A. C. Hergenroeder (2007) consisting of forty statements which were evaluated in the Likert scale from 1 to 5 by the research participants.The research involved 553 students (294 females and 259 males) whose age average was 16.75 ± 1.11 years. The students were randomly assigned to EC impact (253 students) and comparison (300 individuals) groups. The members of the impact group were counseled from one to six times regarding PA and other problems while the adolescents constituting the comparison group merely indicated their PA and other issues; they were not counseled.Research results. The evaluation of AI and its constituent parts in the impact and comparison groups were not statistically significant before EC (p > 0.05).During the period of EC, the values of AI and its constituents regarding the importance of PA and incentives to be involved in PA statistically significantly improved in the adolescents facing problems connected with PA of the impact group.EC was more efficient for those adolescents who were not sufficiently involved in classes of physical education. They showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement not only in terms of AI but also concerning the values of the importance of PA and the evaluations of social incentives (general incentives).Discussion and conclusions. EC positively impacted the alteration of AI among adolescents. During the period of EC, statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement was observed in the evaluations of AI regarding its constituent parts, the importance of PA and incentives for PA among the adolescents who had been facing problems linked to PA. The AI values statistically significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both males and females during the period of EC. The impact of EC on the athletic identity was insignificant (p > 0.05) in adolescents exhibiting problems in communication with teachers of physical education.Keywords: educational counseling, athletic identity, physical activity.
Analysis of Changes in Body Balance for Women with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Skurvydas Albertas , Česnaitienė Vida Janina , Pukėnas Kazimieras , Andrejeva Julija , Streckis Vytautas , Mickevičienė Dalia 
Published: May 2019

Background. To obtain changes in postural control the method of static posturography is usually used. The analysis of posturogram lets us determine the character of these changes, presumes that the body balance complexity, which is expressed in body coordinates of the centre of pressure variation, is less in multiple sclerosis patients than in healthy women. This study aimed at determining the effect of multiple sclerosis on changes in balance control of patients.Methods. Twelve women with multiple sclerosis (mean age – 43.0 ± 5.5 years, body mass index – 24.7 ± 4.2 kg/m 2 ) and 15 healthy women (mean age – 44.5 ± 3.5 years, body mass index – 25.5 ± 2.9 kg/m 2 ) were included in this study. The balance of subjects was assessed applying the method of static posturography. We calculated changes in the coordinates of the centre of body pressure displacement in the lateral and anterior-posterior directions. To assess changes in the displacement of the centre of body pressure in the lateral and anterior-posterior directions two characteristics of advanced signal processing methods, i.e. sample entropy and the index of spectral power dependence on frequency were calculated.Results and conclusion. Traditional posturogram analysis does not show statistically significant changes between women with multiple sclerosis and healthy women. The results of the study, applying advanced signal processing methods, have shown that the complexity of the centre of body pressure displacement of women with multiple sclerosis is statistically significantly smaller compared to that of the healthy women studied. This may be a prerequisite for better rehabilitation of stroke control.Keywords: multiple sclerosis, posture control, assesement of posture.
Būsimųjų sporto pedagogų požiūris į dopingo vartojimą šiuolaikiniame sporte
Authors: Drazdauskas Adomas , Ivaškienė Vida , Kavaliauskas Saulius 
Published: May 2019

Šiuo metu dopingas kaip viena iš sportinės apgaulės formų sukelia vis daugiau diskusijų.Tyrimo tikslas — ištirti būsimųjų sporto pedagogų požiūrį į dopingo vartojimą šiuolaikiniame sporte.LKKA Sporto technologijų ir turizmo fakulteto sporto pedagogo specialybės IV kurso 88 studentai (32 merginos ir 56 vaikinai) buvo apklausti 2005 m. pavasarį. Taikytas 22 klausimų pusiau uždaro tipo klausimynas. Tyrimo duomenys buvo analizuojami vaikinų ir merginų nuomonių skirtumo aspektu. Duomenų skirtumo patikimumas nustatytas pagal χ 2 kriterijų.Išsiaiškinta, kad dauguma respondentų (84,4% merginų ir 69,6% vaikinų) vartoja leistinas priemones (vitaminus, maisto papildus ir neuždraustus medikamentus sportiniam rezultatui pagerinti). 15,6% merginų ir 21,4% vaikinų vartoja trenerio duodamus medikamentus. Penktadalis respondentų nurodė, kad jų draugai vartoja draudžiamus medikamentus. 66,1% vaikinų ir 43,8% merginų mano, kad jų varžovai vartoja neleistinas priemones sportiniam rezultatui pagerinti; atitinkamai 68,8 ir 82,1% respondentų yra tos nuomonės, kad jų sporto šakos elitas vartoja draudžiamus preparatus arba kitais būdais apgauna varžovus. Dauguma respondentų suvokia dopingo žalą, akcen-tuoja neigiamą jo poveikį sporte, bet yra tos nuomonės, kad be dopingo šiais laikais neįmanoma pasiekti geriausių sportinių rezultatų. Merginos labiau nei vaikinai (p < 0,05) linkusios su sportininku dalytis atsakomybe dėl dopingo vartojimo, joms labiau rūpi antidopinginio švietimo klausimai.Raktažodžiai: dopingo vartojimas sporte, atsakomybė dėl dopingo vartojimo, dopingo vartojimo pasekmės.
O Presidente e o Professor: a defesa da paz, da não-intervenção e da
Authors: Machado Domingos Charles Sidarta 
Published: May 2019

Recebido: 02/10/2018Aprovado: 25/11/2018Publicado: 10/12/2018Em outubro de 1962, o presidente John Fitzgerald Kennedy anunciava publicamente que a União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas tinha instalado mísseis nucleares em Cuba. Poucas horas antes, Kennedy havia comunicado a situação a todos os presidentes americanos – incluindo o brasileiro João Goulart – e solicitado apoio público as medidas tomadas pelos Estados Unidos da América naquele que era o momento de maior tensão em toda a Guerra Fria. O que o presidente John Kennedy não contava, entretanto, era que a posição do governo Goulart constituísse um obstáculo para os interesses dos Estados Unidos. Através de seus pronunciamentos públicos e mesmo pela troca de correspondência privada com o presidente estadunidense, o presidente João Goulart dizia não ao poderoso presidente dos EUA e continuava enfatizando a defesa da paz, a não-intervenção e autodeterminação dos povos, pedras angulares da sua Política Externa Independente. O que o presidente do Brasil não podia saber, contudo, é que sua negativa ante a solicitação do presidente dos Estados Unidos ensejaria uma nova relação entre os dois países, propiciando as condições internacionais que acabariam fortalecendo a conjuntura política que teria como resultado final o golpe de 1964. Palavras-chave: Governo João Goulart; Crise dos Mísseis; Política Externa Independente; Francisco San Tiago Dantas; Guerra Fria
SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU SON SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KLİNİK UYGULAMALARDA KARŞILAŞTIKLARI GÜÇLÜKLER
Authors: YENAL Sinan , GÜLTEKİN Tuğba 
Published: May 2019

Sağlık
Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu’nda (SHMYO) okuyan öğrencilerinin
klinik
uygulamalarda karşılaştıkları
güçlüklerin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı türde planlanan bu araştırma; 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim
döneminde Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, SHMYO’da öğrenim gören ve mezuniyet
aşamasında olan öğrenciler üzerinde yapılmıştır. Veri toplamak amacı ile literatürden
yararlanılarak, amacına uygun bir anket formu hazırlanmıştır. Bu anket formu öğrencilere tarafından doldurularak veriler elde
edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin %71.2 oranında seçtikleri programdan memnun oldukları
bulunmuştur. En çok sağlık personeli ile güçlük yaşadıkları (%42.4)
görülmüştür. Öğrencilerinin yaptıkları uygulamaların etkinliğine ilişkin
verdikleri geribildirimler genel olarak olumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin
uygulamalar sırasında orta düzeyde güçlüklerle
karşılaştıkları belirlenmiştir.
Teologi dan Etika Politik Dalam Gereja di Zaman Post-Modern
Authors: Wowor Alter I 
Published: May 2019

Humans are essentially human politics (zoon politikon), so that all the dynamics of human life must always be related to politics, both as a political subject and as an object driven by politics itself. It can be clearly stated that the dynamics of human life in a country must be in circulation of the subject and object at once. Ideally, whether it is entrusted as a political leader or as a society controlled by politics itself, both are political subjects. That is, those who are entrusted with directing and regulating state politics are clearly a subject that always deals with politics in a concrete way, but the general public is also a subject, meaning that all aspects of life and community activities influence the political world both directly and indirectly, or with in other words it can be said that every activity of the community both in the world of education, religion, social, law, etc. is a political responsibility to organize, control, and direct all aspects of life for the common good, so that briefly it can be said that society is the determinant politics itself and as a function of political control, both directly and indirectly. AbstrakManusia pada hakikatnya adalah manusia politik (zoon politikon), sehingga seluruh dinamika kehidupan manusia pasti selalu berkenaan dengan politik, baik sebagai subjek yang berpolitik maupun sebagai objek yang digerakan oleh politik itu sendiri. Dengan jelas dapat dikatakan bahwa dinamika kehidupan manusia dalam suatu negara pasti berada dalam sirkulasi subjek dan objek sekaligus. Idealnya, baik yang dipercayakan sebagai pemimpin politik maupun sebagai masyarakat yang dikendalikan oleh politik itu sendiri, keduanya adalah subjek (pelaku) politik. Artinya, mereka yang dipercayakan mengarahkan dan mengatur politik negara jelas adalah subjek yang selalu bergelut dengan politik secara konkret , akan tetapi masyarakat umum juga adalah subjek, artinya segala aspek kehidupan dan aktivitas masyarakat membawa pengaruh bagi dunia politik baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, atau dengan kata lain dapat dikatakan bahwa setiap aktivitas masyarakat baik dalam dunia pendidikan, agama, sosial, hukum, dan lain sebagainya menjadi tanggung jawab politik untuk menata, mengendalikan, dan mengarahkan semua aspek kehidupan tersebut demi kebaikan bersama, sehingga dengan singkat dapat dikatakan bahwa masyarakat adalah penentu politik itu sendiri dan sebagai fungsi kontrol politik, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.
Memaknai Iconography Kristen dari Perspektif Keluaran 20:4-6
Authors: Lola James Anderson 
Published: May 2019

The presence of statues in the Church has led a debate in various aspects of life, one of the issues raised is related to the commandments in God's ten commandments not to make statues and to worship the statue (Exodus 20: 4-6; Deut. 5: 8-10; Lev. 19: 4). As much as possible, this study wants to see how this statue relates to the second commandment of ten laws. In the hermeneutic approach, the researcher found that the meaning of this command was to clearly reject the establishment of a statue that was used to personalize divinity especially believed to be a manifestation of God himself.Abstraksi: Kehadiran patung dalam Gereja telah menimbulkan pro dan kontra dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan, salah satu isu yang dimunculkan adalah berkaitan dengan salah satu perintah dalam sepuluh perintah Allah untuk tidak membuat patung dan sujud menyembah patung tersebut (Keluaran 20:4-6, bandingkan Ul. 5:8-10; Im.19:4). Penelitian ini sedapat mungkin ingin melihat bagaimana hubungan patung ini dengan perintah kedua dari sepuluh hukum. Dalam pendekatan hermenutik, peneliti menemukan bahwa makna dari perintah ini adalah dengan jelas menolak pendirian patung yang digunakan untuk mempersonafikasikan keillahian apalagi dipercaya sebagai wujud dari Allah itu sendiri
PELAKSANAAN STRATEGI BISNIS DAN PEMASARAN PT. BLUE BIRD, TBK
Authors: Subagja Iwan Kurniawan 
Published: May 2019

The improvement in Indonesia's economy gradually is the result of the construction carried out during this causes additional income and consumer spending patterns. Changes in spending patterns and consumer spending was particularly noticeable for those who live in urban areas, especially large cities. The long experience of managing a transport business to support the company's efforts to develop new technologies and managing human resources, in order to stay ahead. From its headquarters in Jakarta, the company has developed rapidly penetrated other business while maintaining customer service as a guide. The long experience of managing a transport business to support the company's efforts to develop new technologies and managing human resources, in order to stay ahead. From its headquarters in Jakarta, the company has developed rapidly penetrated other business while maintaining customer service as a guide. Competition taxis in big cities, especially Jakarta, was now so tight, so the service is more preferred. Hence the need for a good strategy to win the competition and maintain market share. One was in the company of Blue Bird Group doing business and marketing strategies to win the competition and maintain market share taxi transportation in Indonesia. Research methodology in this case with the SWOT analysis, five Poter’s, matrix’s space and marketing analysis. Methods of data collection is done by conducting research directly related to the company in order to obtain the necessary data, that is by interview and observation.	The result of research is adding fleet, increasing coverage at the new location, especially at the level of municipalities, improve service quality and level effesiensi operation, increase limousine division in several cities, improve prifitabilitas company. Advantage of the company at PT Blue Bird was in corporate governance, natural environmental management company, in the management of seasonal factors, the application of information technology, the implementation of safety standards and management.
Sistem Pendeteksi Huruf Hijaiyah Menggunakan Metode Freeman Chain Code
Authors: Humaira Aulia 
Published: May 2019

Al-Qur’an merupakan kitab suci bagi umat islam, yang mana didalam bacaan Al-Qur’an terdapat huruf arab yang biasa disebut dengan huruf hijaiyah. Sebagai umat islam sudah diwajibkan dapat mengenal huruf hijaiyah dan dapat membaca Al-Qur’an. Seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi banyak dilakukan penelitian untuk pengenalan huruf dengan bantuan sistem komputer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah algoritma Freeman Chain Codecocok untuk mendeteksi dan mengenal huruf hijaiyah yang ada. Berupa masukan citra huruf hijaiyah yang dilakukan dengan 4 tahap yaitu, tahap Pra Pengolahan, tahap Segmentasi, lalu tahap Ekstraksi huruf hijaiyah, lalu terakhir tahap Pengenalan pola huruf hijaiyah menggunakan metodeFreeman Chain Code. Setelah melewati ke empat tahap tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa algoritma Freeman Chain Codetidak sepenuhnya dapat mengenal semua huruf hijaiyah karena algoritma ini hanya dapat mengenal atau mendeteksi huruf yang jelas tidak terputus/ huruf yang terdiri dari 2 pola tidak dapat di kenali jika menggunakan metode ini. Hasil membuktikan bahwa 67% huruf tidak dapat dideteksi sempurna jika menggunakanchain code, yaitu 12 huruf hijaiyah dapat dikenali sisanya 23 huruf tidak dikenali jika menggunakan algoritma Freeman Chain Code.
İslam Hukuk Metodolojisinde Nasların Mubahlığa Delalet Etme Yolları
Authors: YILMAZ İbrahim 
Published: May 2019

İslam hüküm teorisinde şer’î/teklîfî hükümler; cumhura
göre vacip, mendub, mubah, mekruh ve haram olmak üzere temelde beşe ayrılmaktadır.
Bunlardan “mubah”, mükellefin yapma ve
terk etme arasında muhayyer olduğu hukuki serbest alanları ifade etmekte olup şer’î
hükümler içerisinde en geniş alanı oluşturmaktadır. Diğer taraftan İslam
hukukunda haramlar/yasaklar sınırlıdır ve bunlar naslarla belirlenmiştir.
Prensip olarak haramların dışında kalan durumlar, helal (hukuken serbest olan)
alanı oluşturmaktadır. Fıkıh literatüründe helal bazen mubah ile eş anlamlı
olarak kullanılmakla birlikte mutlak olarak zikredildiğinde mendup ve vacibi de
içerisine almaktadır. Bu yüzden ibaha/mubahlık (hukuki serbestlik) ifade eden üslupların/yolların ayrıca tespit
edilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Mubahlığa
delalet eden “ibaha” lafzı veya bu kelimenin türevleri Kuran’da geçmemekle
birlikte bazı hadis metinlerinde “ibaha” lafzı geçmektedir. Diğer taraftan İslam
hukukunda, aksine bir delil veya karine olmadığı sürece kesin yükümlülük
bildiren taleplerin (emir ve nehiy) dışında kalan fiillerde mubahlığın esas
olduğu temel bir ilke olarak kabul edilmiştir. Nitekim bu çerçevede Kuran ve Sünnet
lafızlarında, doğrudan (sarahaten) veya dolaylı olarak (karine ile) ibahaya
delalet eden birçok ifade tarzı/üslup bulunmaktadır. Klasik dönem fıkıh usulü
eserlerinde ibahayı/mubahlığı bilme yolları üzerinde ayrıca durulmamıştır. Son
dönem İslam hukukçuları ise ibahayı/mubahlığı bilme yollarını; “turuku
ma’rifeti’l-ibâha”, “esâlîbü’l-ibâha” ve “sıyağu’l-ibâha” gibi başlıklar altında
incelemişlerdir. Ancak bu çalışmalarda mubahlığı bilme yolları bir bütün olarak
derli toplu bir şekilde incelenmemiştir. İslam hüküm teorisinde mubahlığı bilme
yolları, “nass” ve “nass dışı” olmak üzere temelde ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Nassın mubahlığa
delaleti ise doğrudan (sarahaten) ve dolaylı (karine ile) olmak üzere iki
şekilde olmaktadır. Prensip olarak naslarla şer’î ibaha olarak
isimlendirilen mubah hükümler sabit olmaktadır. Bu makalede, İslam hüküm
teorisinde “nasların mubahlığa delalet etme yolları” üzerinde durulacaktır.
Observational Signatures of End-dominated Collapse in the S242 Filamentary Structure
Authors: Dewangan L. K. , Pirogov L. E. , Ryabukhina O. L. , Ojha D. K. , Zinchenko I. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We present new CO (13CO(1–0) and C18O(1–0)) and CS(2–1) line observations of an elongated filamentary structure (length ∼30 pc) in the star-forming site S242, which were taken with the OSO-20 m telescope. One filament’s end hosts the S242 H ii region, while the other end contains Planck cold clumps. Several subregions are identified in the filament, and are supersonic with Mach number of 2.7–4.0. The study of the dynamical states shows supercritical nature of the subregions (except the central part), which could not be supported by a combination of thermal and turbulent motions. Young stellar objects are seen toward the entire filament, but are more concentrated toward its ends. Dense molecular cores are observed mainly toward the filament ends, and are close to virial equilibrium. Position–velocity plots trace velocity gradients (∼1 km s−1 pc−1) toward both ends. An oscillatory pattern in velocity is also observed toward the filament, indicating its fragmentation. The collapse timescale of the filament is computed to be ∼3.5 Myr. Using the 13CO data, the structure function in velocity of the filament is found to be very similar as that seen in the Musca cloud for lags ∼1–3 pc, and deviates from the Larson’s velocity–size relationship. The observed oscillatory pattern in the structure function at higher lags suggests the existence of large-scale and ordered velocity gradients, as well as the fragmentation process through accretion along the filament. Considering all the observed results along with their uncertainties, the S242 filament is a very good example of the end-dominated collapse.