bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New boundaries
Authors: Lecomte Patrick 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the real estate academic literature by defining the essence of real estate in smart urban environments. Space has traditionally been a silent component of real estate. Smart technologies powered by Ubi-comp are turning space into an active part of real estate, which represents a paradigm shift for commercial real estate. This shift requires new concepts and tools to analyse and model real estate in smart cities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper defines the notions of smart space and smart real estate. Several concepts and tools are formulated, starting with a model of space users in smart cities, called the Cyber-Dasein inspired by Heidegger’s existential phenomenology of space.FindingsThe paper then analyses smart space’s attributes and proposes several metrics for commercial real estate in smart environments. After introducing three regression models for constructing a price index of smart real estate, the paper concludes by advocating that commercial real estate take an active role in the current debate about smart cities.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper does not provide any empirical analysis of smart real estate.Practical implicationsSmart environments offer real estate a unique opportunity to set up methodologies, concepts and tools for new properties in new cities. Now is the time to think carefully about the impact smart technologies will have on commercial properties before other stakeholders (in particular smart cities vendors and multinational technology giants) have fully modelled smart space and its nexus with smart real estate.Originality/valueThis paper is the first paper to provide a conceptual framework for the analysis of commercial real estate in smart cities.
Learning organizational ambidexterity
Authors: Kerry Matthew James , DeSimone Justin A. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reexamine exploration-exploitation’s reciprocality in organizational ambidexterity (OA) research. OA figures prominently in a variety of organization science phenomena. Introduced as a two-stage model for innovation, theory specifies reciprocal reinforcement between the OA processes of exploration (eR) and exploitation (eT). In this study, the authors argue that previous analyses of OA necessarily neglect this reciprocality in favor of conceptualizations that conform to common statistical techniques.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose joint-variance (JV) as a soluble estimator of exploration–exploitation (eR-eT) reciprocality. An updated systematic literature synthesis yielded K = 50 studies (53 independent samples, N = 11,743) for further testing.FindingsThree primary findings are as follows: JV reduced negative confounding, explaining 45 per cent of between-study variance. JV quantified the positive confounding in separate meta-analytic estimates of eR and eT on performance because of double-counting (37.6 per cent), and substantive application of JV to hypothesis testing supported OA theoretical predictions.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors discuss practical consideration for eR-eT reciprocality, as well as theoretical contributions for cohering the OA empirical literature.Practical implicationsThe authors discuss design limitations and JV measurement extensions for the future.Social implicationsLearning in OA literature has been neglected or underestimated.Originality/valueBecause reciprocality is theorized, yet absent in current models, existing results represent confounded or biased evidence of the OA’s effect on firm performance. Subsequently, the authors propose JV as a soluble estimator of eR-eT learning modes.
Temperature variation makes an ectotherm more sensitive to global warming unless thermal evolution occurs
Authors: Verheyen Julie , Stoks Robby 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo assess long‐term impacts of global warming on species, there is growing interest in latitudinal intraspecific patterns in thermal adaptation. Yet, while both mean temperatures and daily temperature fluctuations (DTFs) are expected to increase under global warming, latitudinal differences in the effects of DTFs have not been documented.We tested whether low‐latitude populations of an ectotherm deal better with greater DTF than high‐latitude populations, especially at a high mean temperature close to the optimal temperature for growth where DTF causes exposure to extreme high temperatures. We evaluated the impact of DTFs when assessing the effect of gradual thermal evolution at the high latitude with a space‐for‐time substitution.We compared effects of both mean temperatures (20 and 24°C) and DTFs (constant = 0°C, low = 5°C and high = 10°C) on growth rates between low‐latitude and high‐latitude populations of the damselflyIschnura elegansin a common‐garden experiment.DTFs, if anything, reduced growth and were generally stressful as indicated by reductions in body condition, antioxidant defence and metabolic rate, and increases in oxidative damage. Most negative effects of DTFs were only present at a mean of 24°C when too high temperatures were reached during a daily cycle. Notably, while 4°C warming was beneficial in terms of growth rate at both latitudes at a constant temperature regime, this changed in a negative effect at high DTF. Moreover, this modulating effect of the mean temperature by DTF differed between latitudes indicating local thermal adaptation. While 4°C warming at low DTF still caused faster growth in low‐latitude larvae, it already slowed growth in high‐latitude larvae. This supports the emerging insight that warming would increase growth in high‐latitude larvae in the absence of DTF, yet would decrease growth in the more realistic scenarios with DTF. In contrast, a space‐for‐time substitution approach suggested that under gradual thermal evolution, the evolved high‐latitude larvae would no longer suffer a growth reduction in the presence of DTF.Our study provided important proof‐of‐principle that jointly integrating gradual thermal evolution and the expected increase in DTF generates opposing predictions of effects of global warming on this ectotherm.
Bacillus thuringiensis targets the host intestinal epithelial junctions for successful infection of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Wan Liting , Lin Jian , Du Hongwen , Zhang Yulan , Bravo Alejandra , Soberón Mario , Sun Ming , Peng Donghai 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPathogenic bacteria use different strategies to infect their hosts, including the simultaneous production of pore forming toxins and several virulence factors that may synergize their pathogenic effects. However, how the pathogenic bacteria are able to break out the host intestinal barrier is poorly understood. The infectious cycle of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium in Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model system to study the early stages of the infection process. Bt produces Cry pore‐forming toxins during the sporulation phase that are key virulence factors involved in its pathogenesis. In this study, we show that Bt disrupts the intestinal epithelial junctions of C. elegans at early stages of infection allowing Bt bacterium to complete its life cycle in the worm. We further confirmed that the vegetative Bt cells trigger a quorum sensing response that is activated by PlcR regulator, resulting in production of different virulence factors, such as the metalloproteinases ColB and Bmp1, that besides Cry toxins are necessary to disrupt the nematode epithelial junctions causing efficient bacterial host infection and death of the nematode. Our work provides new insights into the pathogenesis of Bt and highlights the importance of breaking down host epithelial junctions for a successful infection. A similar mechanism could be used by other pathogen‐host interactions since epithelial junctions are conserved structures from insects to mammals.
Marching to the Left? Programmatic Competition and the 2017 Party Manifestos
Authors: Allen Nicholas , Bara Judith 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article analyses the content of the 2017 general election manifestos, and introduces the latest estimates from the Manifesto Project to explore recent ideological movements in the British party system. It reports the changing policy emphases in Conservative and Labour manifestos and the ideological positions of the major political parties in 2017. It finds that Theresa May's party produced its most left‐wing manifesto since 1964, and that Jeremy Corbyn's party produced its most left‐wing manifesto since 1992 and the election before the advent of New Labour. The article also finds that the ideological space between the Conservatives and Labour opened up in 2017, and that Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionists published the most right‐wing manifesto.
Investigating lexical and sub‐lexical orthographic processing skills in French 3rd and 5th graders
Authors: Commissaire Eva , Besse Anne‐Sophie 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundWhether lexical and sub‐lexical orthographic skills relate to each other and to reading was investigated in French 3rd and 5th graders.MethodsTwo homophone choice tasks were constructed (1) by manipulating the frequency of words sub‐lexical features (choose the correct spelling in boat ‐ bacht vs yacht ‐ yoat) and (2) by matching items on their sub‐lexical properties (beach ‐ beech). More, two orthographic choice tasks measured (1) sensitivity to legal versus illegal sub‐lexical patterns (rouve ‐ rouvve) and (2) distributional probabilities (doat ‐ dacht). Regular, irregular and pseudoword reading were assessed.Results/ConclusionsOn the one hand, performances were higher for words with more frequent sub‐lexical features, in favour of an impact of both lexical and sub‐lexical skills in the homophone choice task. This effect was however significant in the grade 3 group only, revealing stronger reliance on sub‐lexical orthographic knowledge during lexical retrieval in the younger group only. On the other hand, performances on orthographic choice tasks improved with grade and revealed to be higher for the task involving all‐or‐none patterns compared with that involving distributional probabilities. Regarding the relationships between this set of measures, the data revealed that the purer measure of lexical orthographic skills significantly correlated with sub‐lexical skills and irregular word reading; yet none of the measures that involved sub‐lexical orthographic skills correlated with reading.
Reading from paper compared to screens: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Clinton Virginia 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundGiven the increasing popularity of reading from screens, it is not surprising that numerous studies have been conducted comparing reading from paper and electronic sources. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to consolidate the findings on reading performance, reading times and calibration of performance (metacognition) between reading text from paper compared to screens.MethodsA systematic literature search of reports of studies comparing reading from paper and screens was conducted in seven databases. Additional studies were identified by contacting researchers who have published on the topic, by a backwards search of the references of found reports and by a snowball search of reports citing what was initially found. Only studies that were experiments with random assignment and with participants who had fundamental reading skills and disseminated between 2008 and 2018 were included. Twenty‐nine reports with 33 identified studies met inclusion criteria experimentally comparing reading performance (k = 33;n = 2,799), reading time (k = 14;n = 1,233) and/or calibration (k = 11;n = 698) from paper and screens.ResultsBased on random effects models, reading from screens had a negative effect on reading performance relative to paper (g = −.25). Based on moderator analyses, this may have been limited to expository texts (g = −.32) as there was no difference with narrative texts (g = −.04). The findings were similar when analysing literal and inferential reading performance separately (g = −.33 andg = −.26, respectively). No reliable differences were found for reading time (g = .08). Readers had better calibrated (more accurate) judgement of their performance from paper compared to screens (g = .20).ConclusionsReaders may be more efficient and aware of their performance when reading from paper compared to screens.
Probiotics for preterm infants – time to end all controversies
Authors: Athalye‐Jape Gayatri , Patole Sanjay 
Published: January 2019

SummaryMortality, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), late onset sepsis (LOS) and feeding intolerance are significant issues for very preterm (< 32 weeks) and extremely preterm (< 28 weeks) infants. The complications of ≥ StageII NEC[e.g. Resection of the gangrenous gut, survival with intestinal failure, recurrent infections, prolonged hospital stay, and long‐term neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI)] impose a significant health burden.LOSalso carries significant burden including long‐termNDIdue to adverse effects of inflammation on the preterm brain during the critical phase of development. Frequent stopping of feeds due to feeding intolerance is a significant iatrogenic contributor to postnatal growth failure in extremely preterm infants. Over 25 systematic reviews and meta‐analyses ofRCTs (~12 000 participants) have reported that probiotics significantly reduce the risk of all‐cause mortality,NEC ≥ StageII,LOSand feeding intolerance in preterm infants. Systematic reviews and meta‐analysis of non‐RCTs have also shown that the benefits after adopting probiotics as a standard prophylaxis for preterm infants are similar to those reported inRCTs. No intervention comes close to probiotics when it comes to significant reduction in death,NEC,LOSand feeding intolerance at a cost of less than a dollar a day irrespective of the setting and baseline incidence ofNEC. The common controversies that are preventing the rapid uptake of probiotics for preterm infants are addressed in this paper.
Understanding antimicrobial discovery and resistance from a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic perspective: advances and applications
Authors: Asante Jonathan , Osei Sekyere John 
Published: January 2019

SummaryOur inability to cultivate most microorganisms, specifically bacteria, in the laboratory has for many years restricted our view and understanding of the bacterial meta‐resistome in all living and nonliving environments. As a result, reservoirs, sources and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGS) and antibiotic‐producers, as well as the effects of human activity and antibiotics on the selection and dissemination of ARGs were not well comprehended. With the advances made in the fields of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, many of the hitherto little‐understood concepts are becoming clearer. Further, the discovery of antibiotics such as lugdinin and lactocillin from the human microbiota, buttressed the importance of these new fields. Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics are becoming important clinical diagnostic tools for screening and detecting pathogens and ARGs, assessing the effects of antibiotics, other xenobiotics and human activity on the environment, characterizing the microbiome and the environmental resistome with lesser turnaround time and decreasing cost, as well as discovering antibiotic‐producers. However, challenges with accurate binning, skewed ARGs databases, detection of less abundant and allelic variants of ARGs and efficient mobilome characterization remain. Ongoing efforts in long‐read, phased‐ and single‐cell sequencing, strain‐resolved binning, chromosomal‐conformation capture, DNA‐methylation binning and deep‐learning bioinformatic approaches offer promising prospects in reconstructing complete strain‐level genomes and mobilomes from metagenomes.
Microtubule regulators act in the nervous system to modulate fat metabolism and longevity through DAF‐16 in C. elegans
Authors: Xu Aiping , Zhang Zhao , Ko Su‐Hyuk , Fisher Alfred L. , Liu Zhijie , Chen Lizhen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicrotubule (MT) regulation is involved in both neuronal function and the maintenance of neuronal structure, and MT dysregulation appears to be a general downstream indicator and effector of age‐related neurodegeneration. But the role of MTs in natural aging is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate a role of MT regulators in regulating longevity. We find that loss of EFA‐6, a modulator of MT dynamics, can delay both neuronal aging and extend the lifespan of C. elegans. Through the use of genetic mutants affecting other MT‐regulating genes in C. elegans, we find that loss of MT stabilizing genes (including ptrn‐1 and ptl‐1) shortens lifespan, while loss of MT destabilizing gene hdac‐6 extends lifespan. Via the use of tissue‐specific transgenes, we further show that these MT regulators can act in the nervous system to modulate lifespan. Through RNA‐seq analyses, we found that genes involved in lipid metabolism were differentially expressed in MT regulator mutants, and via the use of Nile Red and Oil Red O staining, we show that the MT regulator mutants have altered fat storage. We further find that the increased fat storage and extended lifespan of the long‐lived MT regulator mutants are dependent on the DAF‐16/FOXO transcription factor. Our results suggest that neuronal MT status might affect organismal aging through DAF‐16‐regulated changes in fat metabolism, and therefore, MT‐based therapies might represent a novel intervention to promote healthy aging.
The mir‐465 family is upregulated with age and attenuates growth hormone signaling in mouse liver
Authors: Elias Amy E. , Kun Bianca , Sabula Ian M. C. , Golomb‐Mello Gail , Cespedes Zablah Andrea , Kreiling Jill A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe analyzed the small RNA transcriptome from 5‐month‐old, 24‐month‐old, and 36‐month‐old mouse liver and found 56 miRNAs that changed their expression profile with age. Among these is a cluster of 18 miRNAs that are upregulated between 50‐ and 1,000‐fold at 24 and 36 months of age. This cluster is located in a 60‐kb region of the X‐chromosome that is devoid of other coding sequences and is part of a lamin‐associated domain. Potential targets of the miRNAs in the cluster suggest they may regulate several pathways altered in aging, including the PI3K‐Akt pathway. Total transcriptome analyses indicate that expression of several potential genes in the PI3K‐Akt pathway that may be targeted by the mir‐465 family (mmu‐mir‐465a, mmu‐mir‐465b, and mmu‐mir‐465c) is downregulated with age. Transfection of the liver cell line AML12 with mir‐465 family members leads to a reduction of three of these potential targets at the mRNA level: a 40% reduction of the growth hormone receptor (GHR), and a 25% reduction in Kitl and PPP2R3C. Further investigation of the GHR 3′UTR revealed that the mir‐465 family directly targets the GHR mRNA. Cells transfected with mir‐465 showed a reduction of JAK2 and STAT5 phosphorylation upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation, resulting in a reduction in insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and IGF‐1‐binding protein 3 expression. With age, GH signaling falls and there is a reduction in circulating IGF‐1. Our data suggest that an increase in expression of the mir‐465 family with age may contribute to the reduction in the GH signaling.
CEO hometown ties and tax avoidance‐evidence from China's listed firms
Authors: Shen Yu , Gao Di , Bu Di , Yan Lina , Chen Ping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of CEO hometown ties on corporate tax avoidance. The results show that CEO hometown ties to local government officials have a significantly positive impact on tax avoidance for private firms in China. We also find that the hometown ties effect is more pronounced in cities with weak public governance and in cities whose municipal Party committee secretaries are promoted from the same city, whereas the effect is weak in cities whose municipal Party committee secretaries are transferred from other places. In summary, our results suggest that hometown ties as an important political resource can facilitate connected private firms to obtain more economic resources from government.
Causal Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Dynamic Continuous-Time Treatment Initiation Rules With Sparsely Measured Outcomes and Death
Authors: Hu Liangyuan , Hogan Joseph W. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Evidence supporting the current World Health Organization recommendations of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for adolescents is inconclusive. We leverage a large observational data and compare, in terms of mortality and CD4 cell count, the dynamic treatment initiation rules for human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents. Our approaches extend the marginal structural model for estimating outcome distributions under dynamic treatment regimes, developed in Robins et al. (2008), to allow the causal comparisons of both specific regimes and regimes along a continuum. Furthermore, we propose strategies to address three challenges posed by the complex data set: continuous-time measurement of the treatment initiation process; sparse measurement of longitudinal outcomes of interest, leading to incomplete data; and censoring due to dropout and death. We derive a weighting strategy for continuous-time treatment initiation, use imputation to deal with missingness caused by sparse measurements and dropout, and define a composite outcome that incorporates both death and CD4 count as a basis for comparing treatment regimes. Our analysis suggests that immediate ART initiation leads to lower mortality and higher median values of the composite outcome, relative to other initiation rules.
ChemSuite: A package for chemoinformatics calculations and machine learning
Authors: Tangadpalliwar Sujit R. , Vishwakarma Sachin , Nimbalkar Rakesh , Garg Prabha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPrediction of biological and toxicological properties of small molecules using in silico approaches has become a wide practice in pharmaceutical research to lessen the cost and enhance productivity. The development of a tool “ChemSuite,” a stand‐alone application for chemoinformatics calculations and machine‐learning model development, is reported. Availability of multi‐functional features makes it widely acceptable in various fields. Force field such as UFF is incorporated in tool for optimization of molecules. Packages like RDKit, PyDPI and PaDEL help to calculate 1D, 2D and 3D descriptors and more than 10 types of fingerprints. MinMax Scaler and Z‐Score algorithms are available to normalize descriptor values. Varied descriptor selection and machine‐learning algorithms are available for model development. It allows the user to add their own algorithm or extend the software for various scientific purposes. It is free, open source and has user‐friendly graphical interface, and it can work on all major platforms.