bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitating Cultural Humility and Attunement for Nursing and Health Professions Students Through a Study Abroad Program in Kenya
Authors: Kako Peninnah M. , Klingbeil Carol G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

AIM
This qualitative descriptive study aimed to evaluate the role of a short-term interprofessional study abroad program in Kenya on beginning awareness of cultural humility.

BACKGROUND
Students in the health care professions, including nursing, must learn to work effectively with diverse patient populations and provide culturally safe care.

METHOD
Course assignments of 21 students were thematically analyzed to discover how students applied concepts of cultural attunement to learn cultural humility while interacting with people in rural and urban Kenya.

RESULTS
Student narrations acknowledged all aspects of cultural attunement during the experience: the pain of oppression; acted with reverence; reported coming from a place of not knowing; engaged in acts of humility; engaged in mutuality; and reported attaining harmony, cooperation, and accord.

CONCLUSION
Findings suggest a short-term community-focused study abroad experience can be a valuable tool for beginning stages of becoming culturally humble and providing culturally safe health care.
“The World Is Our Campus”: Student Satisfaction With an International Nursing Education Partnership
Authors: Miles Leslie W. , Erämaa Sirkka , Parkkinen Sari 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students’ perceptions of global health experiences from an international partnership. Nursing organizations have identified global health care as core knowledge. To address global health care competencies and culture awareness, activities were designed by nursing faculty in Finland and the United States. A mixed-method questionnaire was given to 111 students. Data suggest contact with international nursing peers and learning activities increased understanding of health issues in another culture and increased student self-confidence and communication. Developing a partnership between nursing schools can result in positive global health learning experiences for students.
Secondary Cutaneous Dissemination of Peripheral T‐Cell Lymphoma With T-Follicular Helper Phenotype as a Patient's Fourth Primary Malignancy
Authors: Beksaç Burcu , Acar Emine M. , Ilter Nilsel , Ertunc Onur , Akyurek Nalan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas expressing follicular helper T-cell (TFH) markers have recently been identified. Although this type of lymphomas consist of malignant proliferation of T‐cells, they may also exhibit B‐cell clonality. We report a case of a 72‐year‐old woman with multiple erythematous to violaceous nonscaling plaques and tumors on her trunk. Histopathological analysis revealed a dense infiltration of medium‐to‐large–sized atypical cells throughout the entire dermis. The result of immunohistochemical analysis showed that the infiltrating T-cells expressed programmed death‐1 (PD‐1), CD10, Bcl-6, CD3, CD4, CD2, and CD5. The infiltrate also contained scattered atypical large B‐cells. Based on the clinical appearance and the histopathological findings, we diagnosed the patient with secondary cutaneous dissemination of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma with expression of a T-follicular helper phenotype.
Dermal C4d Deposition and Neutrophil Alignment Along the Dermal–Epidermal Junction as a Diagnostic Adjunct for Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis (Anti-C1q Vasculitis) and Underlying Systemic Disease
Authors: Damman Jeffrey , Mooyaart Antien L. , Seelen Marc A.J. , van Doorn Martijn B.A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:Urticarial vasculitis (UV) is a clinicopathologic entity characterized by persistent urticarial lesions with biopsy features of vasculitis. Currently, only certainclinicalfeatures such as arthralgia and serum complement concentrations are used to identify UV patients at risk for an underlying systemic disease. Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (HUV) is in contrast to normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis (NUV), strongly associated with underlying systemic disease, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to find specifichistopathologicalfeatures associated with HUV and underlying systemic disease in UV. In addition, the use of complement C4d deposition in skin biopsies was evaluated as a diagnostic adjunct for HUV- and UV-associated systemic disease. In this retrospective study, the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistological (C4d) features of 43 patients with UV were compared between HUV and NUV and analyzed for association with UV-associated systemic disease. Eight of 43 patients with UV (19%) had hypocomplementemia. Patients with HUV showed a significantly higher number of perivascular neutrophils and lower number of eosinophils compared to NUV. Of all histopathological features, alignment of neutrophils along the dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ) and dermal granular C4d deposition were found to be strongly associated with HUV and underlying SLE. This study shows that both the alignment of neutrophils along the DEJ and dermal C4d deposition are strongly associated with HUV and SLE. Therefore, these (immuno)histopathological features can be used as an easy diagnostic adjunct for early detection of underlying systemic disease in UV.
Lessons From an Analysis of Newborn Hearing Screening Data for Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Lee Jeon Mi , Lee Hyun Jin , Jung Jinsei , Moon In Seok , Kim Sung Huhn , Kim Jin , Choi Jae Young 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
The aims of the study are to identify the limitations of the current newborn hearing screening (NHS) programs and provide recommendations for better protocols.

Study Design:
Retrospective analysis.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
The study participants were 185 children who received cochlear implants (CIs) at ≤5 years of age.

Interventions:
Therapeutic and rehabilitative.

Main Outcome Measures:
The results of NHS, screening tools used, age, and hearing thresholds at which hearing loss was confirmed, causes of the hearing loss, age of CI insertion, aided pure-tone audiogram findings, and language development level were analyzed.

Results:
NHS data was available for 109 children, and 24 patients (22.0%) had passed NHS for both ears. Hearing loss was confirmed considerably later in children who had passed NHS than in children who were referred for further evaluation (p < 0.01). The most common cause for hearing loss in the NHS-pass group was SLC26A4 mutations (41.7%). Patients in the NHS-pass group received CIs considerably later than those in the NHS-referred group (p < 0.01). Among patients with SLC26A4 mutations, the language development level was significantly lower in the NHS-pass group than in the NHS-referred group (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Careful counseling regarding NHS results is necessary for parents to understand that the absence of hearing loss at birth does not mean that the child will not develop hearing loss later in life. Genetic testing for SLC26A4 mutations may be necessary in regions with a high incidence of these mutations, such as East Asia.
The Antrum–Malleus–Tegmen Score: A Pilot Study Assessing Preoperative Radiographic Predictors for Transcanal Endoscopic Cholesteatoma Dissection
Authors: Tolisano Anthony M. , Killeen Daniel E. , Hunter Jacob B. , Kutz Joe Walter , Isaacson Brandon 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Identify features on computed tomography (CT) that predict mastoidectomy conversion (MC) during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery (TEES).

Study Design:
Retrospective case-control.

Setting:
University otology practice.

Patients:
Consecutive patients with cholesteatoma.

Intervention:
TEES cholesteatoma dissection versus those requiring MC.

Main Outcome Measures:
Antrum opacification, depth of scutum involvement, and erosion of the mastoid trabeculae, ossicular chain, and tegmen were evaluated. Univariable and multivariable regression analysis was performed. The Antrum–Malleus–Tegmen (AMT) score was created using receiver operating characteristic curves to assess feasibility of performing TEES for cholesteatoma dissection.

Results:
There were 39 TEES and 19 MC cases. Groups had similar age (median 28.5 yr), gender, laterality, and revision surgery status. Median surgical time for MC cases was longer than TEES (231 min vs. 171 min, p < 0.001). Radiographic predictors of MC by multivariable regression included antrum opacification (p = 0.036), malleus erosion (p = 0.044), and tegmen erosion (p = 0.023). The AMT score predicted the feasibility of TEES without MC with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 75% when ≥2 of the following conditions were met on preoperative CT: intact tegmen, intact malleus, and absence of antrum opacification.

Conclusions:
An aerated antrum, intact malleus, and intact tegmen suggest that TEES cholesteatoma dissection without the need for mastoidectomy is highly likely. A score of ≥2 on the AMT score predicts this with a positive predictive value of 88% and negative predictive value of 78%.
Center Variation and Risk Factors for Failure to Complete 6 Month Postdonation Follow-up Among Obese Living Kidney Donors
Authors: Reed Rhiannon D. , MacLennan Paul A. , Shelton Brittany A. , Mustian Margaux N. , Blackburn Justin , Smith Sharmene C. , Terry Kristin B. , Grant Raynesha , Sawinski Deirdre , Locke Jayme E. 
Published: August 2019

Background.
Living kidney donors in the United States who were obese at donation are at increased risk of end-stage renal disease and may benefit from intensive postdonation follow-up. However, they are less likely to have complete follow-up data. Center variation and risk factors for incomplete follow-up are unknown.

Methods.
Adult living kidney donors with obesity (body mass index, ≥30 kg/m2) at donation reported to the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients from January 2005 to July 2015 were included (n = 13 831). Donor characteristics were compared by recorded serum creatinine at 6 months postdonation, and multilevel logistic regression models were used to estimate odds of 6-month creatinine.

Results.
After adjustment, older age, female sex, and donation after implementation of new center follow-up requirements were associated with higher odds of 6-month creatinine, with lower odds for obese donors with a history of smoking, biologically related donors, and at centers with higher total living donor volume. 23% of variation in recorded 6-month serum creatinine among obese donors was attributed to center (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.232, P < 0.001). The adjusted probability of 6-month creatinine by center ranged from 10% to 91.5%.

Conclusions.
Tremendous variation in recorded 6-month postdonation serum creatinine exists among obese living donors, with high volume centers having the lowest probability of follow-up. Moreover, individual-level characteristics such as age, sex, and relationship to recipient were associated with recorded 6-month creatinine. Given increased risk for end-stage renal disease among obese living donors, center-level efforts targeted specifically at increasing postdonation follow-up among obese donors should be developed and implemented.
Interventions to Prevent Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers in Recipients of a Solid Organ Transplant: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chung Edmund Y.M. , Palmer Suetonia C. , Strippoli Giovanni F.M. 
Published: August 2019

Background.Organ transplant recipients are at high risk of developing skin cancer. The benefits and harms of interventions to prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients have not been summarized.Methods.We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL through April 2018. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool, and evidence certainty was evaluated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation process. Prespecified outcomes were nonmelanoma skin cancer, clearance and prevention of keratotic skin lesions, and intervention-specific adverse events.Results.Ninety-two trials (20 012 participants) were included. The evaluated treatments were cancer-specific interventions (acitretin, imiquimod, photodynamic therapy, nicotinamide, topical diclofenac, and selenium) and immunosuppression regimes (azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR] inhibitors, belatacept, induction agents, and withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids). Effects on nonmelanoma skin cancer were uncertain for photodynamic therapy (3 trials, 93 participants, risk ratio [RR] 1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.65–3.11]; low certainty evidence), nicotinamide (2 trials, 60 participants), acitretin (2 trials, 61 participants), and imiquimod (1 trial, 20 participants) compared to control. mTOR inhibitors probably reduced skin cancer compared to calcineurin inhibitors (12 trials, 2225 participants, RR 0.62 [95% CI, 0.45–0.85]; moderate certainty evidence). Photodynamic therapy may cause pain at the treatment site (4 trials, 95 patients, RR 17.09 [95% CI, 4.22–69.26]; low certainty evidence).Conclusions.There is limited evidence for the efficacy and safety of specific treatments to prevent nonmelanoma skin cancers among solid organ transplant recipients.
Genetic risk of obesity as a modifier of associations between neighbourhood environment and body mass index: an observational study of 335,046 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Mason Kate E , Palla Luigi , Pearce Neil , Phelan Jody , Cummins Steven 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is growing recognition that recent global increases in obesity are the product of a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. However, in gene-environment studies of obesity, ‘environment’ usually refers to individual behavioural factors that influence energy balance, while more upstream environmental factors are overlooked. We examined gene-environment interactions between genetic risk of obesity and two neighbourhood characteristics likely to be associated with obesity (proximity to takeaway/fast-food outlets and availability of physical activity facilities).MethodsWe used data from 335,046 adults aged 40-70 in the UK Biobank cohort to conduct a population-based cross-sectional study of interactions between neighbourhood characteristics and genetic risk of obesity, in relation to BMI. Proximity to a fast-food outlet was defined as distance from home address to nearest takeaway/fast-food outlet, and availability of physical activity facilities as the number of formal physical activity facilities within one kilometre of home address. Genetic risk of obesity was operationalised by 91-SNP and 69-SNP weighted genetic risk scores, and by six individual SNPs considered separately. Multivariable, mixed effects models with product terms for the gene-environment interactions were estimated.ResultsAfter accounting for likely confounding, the association between proximity to takeaway/fast-food outlets and BMI was stronger among those at increased genetic risk of obesity, with evidence of an interaction with polygenic risk scores (P=0.018 and P=0.028 for 69-SNP and 91-SNP scores, respectively) and in particular with a SNP linked to MC4R (P=0.009), a gene known to regulate food intake. We found very little evidence of a gene-environment interaction for availability of physical activity facilities.ConclusionsIndividuals at an increased genetic risk of obesity may be more sensitive to exposure to the local fast-food environment. Ensuring that neighbourhood residential environments are designed to promote a healthy weight may be particularly important for those with greater genetic susceptibility to obesity.
Bacterial cell cycle and growth phase switch by the essential transcriptional regulator CtrA
Authors: Delaby Marie , Panis Gaël , Viollier Patrick H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany bacteria acquire dissemination and virulence traits in G1-phase. CtrA, an essential and conserved cell cycle transcriptional regulator identified in the dimorphic alpha-proteobacteriumCaulobacter crescentus, first activates promoters in late S-phase and then mysteriously switches to different target promoters in G1-phase. We uncovered a highly conserved determinant in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of CtrA uncoupling this promoter switch. We also show that it reprograms CtrA occupancy in stationary cells inducing a (p)ppGpp alarmone signal perceived by the RNA polymerase beta subunit. A simple side chain modification in a critical residue within the core DBD imposes opposing developmental phenotypes and transcriptional activities of CtrA. A naturally occurring polymorphism in the rickettsial DBD resembles a mutation that drives CtrA towards activation of the dispersal (G1-phase) program inCaulobacter. Hence, we propose that this determinant dictates promoter reprogramming during the growth transition of obligate intracellular rickettsia differentiating from replicative cells into dispersal cells.
Invariant Genes in Human Genomes
Authors: Pathak Ankit Kumar , Jainarayanan Ashwin Kumar , Brahmachari Samir Kumar 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWith large-scale human genome and exome sequencing, a lot of focus has gone in studying variations present in genomes and their associations to various diseases. Since major emphasis has been put on their variations, less focus has been given to invariant genes in the population. Here we present 60,706 genomes from the ExAC database to identify population specific invariant genes. Out of 1,336 total genes drawn from various population specific invariant genes, 423 were identified to be mostly (allele frequency less than 0.001) invariant across different populations. 46 of these invariant genes showed absolute invariance in all populations. Most of these common invariant genes have homologs in primates, rodents and placental mammals while 8 of them were unique to human genome and 3 genes still had unknown functions. Surprisingly, a majority were found to be X-linked and around 50% of these genes were not expressed in any tissues. The functional analysis showed that the invariant genes are not only involved in fundamental functions like transcription and translation but also in various developmental processes. The variations in many of these invariant genes were found to be associated with cancer, developmental diseases and dominant genetic disorders.
Home-cage Monitoring Ascertains Signatures of Ictal and Interictal Behavior In Mouse Models of Generalized Seizures
Authors: Jankovic Miranda J. , Kapadia Paarth P. , Krishnan Vaishnav 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEpilepsy is a significant contributor to worldwide disability. In epilepsy, disability has two components: ictal (pertaining to the burden of unpredictable seizures and associated medical complications including death) and interictal (pertaining to more pervasive debilitating changes in cognitive and emotional behavior). In this study, we objectively and noninvasively appraise correlates of ictal and interictal disability in mice using instrumented home-cage chambers designed to assay kinematic and appetitive behavioral measures. We discover that in C57BL/6J mice, intraperitoneal injections of the chemoconvulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) acutely result in complex and dynamic changes in movement and sheltering behavior that evolve (or kindle) with repeated daily injections, and which are separate from the occurrence of convulsions. By closely studying “interictal” periods (between PTZ injections), we identify a syndrome of nocturnal hypoactivity and increased sheltering behavior. We observe elements of this interictal behavioral syndrome in seizure-prone DBA/2J mice and in mice with a pathogenicScn1amutation (modeling Dravet syndrome). Through analyzing their responses to PTZ, we illustrate how convulsive severity and “behavioral” severity are distinct and independent aspects of overall seizure severity. Our results illustrate the utility of an ethologically centered automated approach to quantitatively appraise murine expressions of disability in mouse models of seizures and epilepsy. In doing so, this study highlights the very unique psychopharmacological profile of PTZ.Significance StatementEpilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by a pervasively increased risk to develop epileptic seizures. Sadly, patients with epilepsy also experience high rates of anxiety, depression and other psychiatric symptoms that significantly increase overall disability. While many mouse models of seizures and epilepsy exist, we need improved techniques to measure how new treatments impact not only seizure occurrence, but also emotional changes that persist in between seizures. In this study, we apply the technique of home-cage monitoring to clarify precisely how spontaneous mouse behavior is altered in three distinct epilepsy models. Our work illustrates the importance of an ethologically centered appreciation of neuropsychiatric disability in mice and clarifies a new approach to the measurement of “seizure severity”.
Lack of phenotypic variation despite population structure in larval utilization of pea aphids by populations of the lady beetle Hippodamia convergens
Authors: Grenier Christy , Summerhays Bryce , Cartmill Ryan , Martinez Tanairi , Saisho Roxane , Rothenberg Alexander , Tovar Alicia , Rynerson Andrew , Scott Jerrika , Obrycki John J , Sethuraman Arun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe convergent lady beetle (Hippodamia convergens) is a generalist natural enemy that is utilized extensively in augmentative biological control across the United States. Recent studies have pointed to both genetic and phenotypic differences in Western (California) versus Eastern (Kansas) populations of the species. Here we investigate (1) genetic population structure, and (2) phenotypic differences in the utilization of pea aphids at temperatures that resemble the Western United States in (a) Eastern versus Western populations, (b) F1 Eastern X Western hybrids versus their progenitor populations, and investigate the effects of interaction between (c) Eastern and Western populations. We found no differences in final pupal weight, or the net weight gain ratio through larval development from the third instar to pupal stage, despite genetic population structure. Our study points towards plastic response and effectiveness in feeding phenotypes of Eastern and Western populations of H. convergens, and the absence of hybrid vigor and heterozygote advantages in hybrids.
MutSpot: detection of non-coding mutation hotspots in cancer genomes
Authors: Guo Yu Amanda , Chang Mei Mei , Skanderup Anders Jacobsen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSummaryRecurrence and clustering of somatic mutations (hotspots) in cancer genomes may indicate positive selection and involvement in tumorigenesis. MutSpot performs genome-wide inference of mutation hotspots in non-coding and regulatory DNA of cancer genomes. MutSpot performs feature selection across hundreds of epigenetic and sequence features followed by estimation of position and patient-specific background somatic mutation probabilities. MutSpot is user-friendly, works on a standard workstation, and scales to thousands of cancer genomes.Availability and implementationMutSpot is implemented as an R package and is available at https://github.com/skandlab/MutSpot/Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at https://github.com/skandlab/MutSpot/