bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal fluid tau, Aβ, and sTREM2 in Former National Football League Players: Modeling the relationship between repetitive head impacts, microglial activation, and neurodegeneration
Authors: Alosco Michael L. , Tripodis Yorghos , Fritts Nathan G. , Heslegrave Amanda , Baugh Christine M. , Conneely Shannon , Mariani Megan , Martin Brett M. , Frank Samuel , Mez Jesse , Stein Thor D. , Cantu Robert C. , McKee Ann C. , Shaw Leslie M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Stern Robert A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein analysis may facilitate detection and elucidate mechanisms of neurological consequences from repetitive head impacts (RHI), such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy. We examined CSF concentrations of total tau (t‐tau), phosphorylated tau, and amyloid β1‐42 and their association with RHI in former National Football League (NFL) players. The role of microglial activation (using sTREM2) was examined as a pathogenic mechanism of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.MethodsSixty‐eight former NFL players and 21 controls underwent lumbar puncture to quantify t‐tau, p‐tau181, amyloid β1‐42, and sTREM2 in the CSF using immunoassays. The cumulative head impact index estimated RHI.ResultsNo between‐group differences for CSF analytes emerged. In the former NFL players, the cumulative head impact index predicted higher t‐tau concentrations (P = .041), and higher sTREM2 levels were associated with higher t‐tau concentrations (P = .009).DiscussionIn this sample of former NFL players, greater RHI and increased microglial activation were associated with higher CSF t‐tau concentrations.
Behavior in reverse: reasons for return migration
Authors: STARK ODED 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReceived research shows numerous motives for migration, but fewer reasons for return migration. This paper aims to correct this imbalance. Twelve reasons for return migration are presented and discussed briefly. The reasons listed are derived from research on migration conducted by the author in the course of the past three and a half decades. The purpose of the paper is to pull together insights gained from that research so as to formulate a base for future inquiry, both analytical and empirical. In addition, just as research on motives for migration can help to establish the reasons for return migration, research on the latter can help to deepen understanding of the former. Moreover, in a great many circumstances and for a variety of reasons, countries that host migrants may want them to leave. In such circumstances, enacting policies that align with motives for return migration will be more efficient than devising measures that are independent of these motives.
SINGULARITIES OF THE BIEXTENSION METRIC FOR FAMILIES OF ABELIAN VARIETIES
Authors: BURGOS GIL JOSÉ IGNACIO , HOLMES DAVID , JONG ROBIN DE 
Published: July 2018

In this paper we study the singularities of the invariant metric of the Poincaré bundle over a family of abelian varieties and their duals over a base of arbitrary dimension. As an application of this study we prove the effectiveness of the height jump divisors for families of pointed abelian varieties. The effectiveness of the height jump divisor was conjectured by Hain in the more general case of variations of polarized Hodge structures of weight $-1$.
Altaethyrella(Brachiopoda) from the Late Ordovician of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China, and its significance
Authors: Sproat Colin D. , Zhan Renbin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAltaethyrella tarimensis, a new species of rhynchonellide brachiopod, is described from the late Katian (Late Ordovician) Hadabulaktag Formation in the Kuruktag region of Xinjiang, Northwest China on the northeastern edge of the Tarim Basin. Serial sections of the shell clearly show no dorsal median septum or septalium in the dorsal valve, and no spiralia or atrypide-style crura. Like other species of the genus,A.tarimensisn. sp. exhibits a high degree of intraspecific variation, including variations in shell shape and size, number of ribs in the sulcus at the anterior, and degree of asymmetry. The discovery ofAltaethyrellain Tarim has important paleogeographic implications, indicating a close relationship between the Late Ordovician brachiopod faunas of Tarim and those of the Kazakh terranes and North and South China paleoplates, supporting a recently published paleogeographic projection that places Tarim near the Chu-Ili terrane during the Late Ordovician. The abundant large biconvex shells ofA.tarimensisn. sp. would have provided a firm substrate for encrusting filter feeders like bryozoans to establish on the Kuruktag Platform.UUID:http://zoobank.org/df8843cd-4db0-48e7-ba03-bf0ce81c4f01
A comparison of sexual competitiveness and demographic traits ofAnastrepha obliqua(Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) among fruit-associated populations
Authors: Hernández E. , Ruiz-Montoya L. , Toledo J. , Montoya P. , Liedo P. , Aceituno-Medina M. , Perales H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe control ofAnastrepha obliquaincludes the sterilization of mass-reared insects grown in isolation in a constantly controlled environment. Through time, laboratory mass-reared colonies may produce flies with lower field performance. To recover the genetic variation and aptitude of mass-reared populations, wild insects are introduced into mass-reared colonies. Our aim in this study was to determine whether the host species from two localities influence the life history traits ofA. obliqua. We collected flies as larvae from infested fruits ofSpondias purpurea,S. mombin,Mangifera indicacv.‘piña’, andM. indicacv. ‘coche’ from two localities in Chiapas, Mexico. There were significant differences in the mating competitiveness of males collected from mango cv. ‘coche’ compared with mass-reared males. There were no differences in the mating propensity between flies from the two localities, even in the number of matings, when weight was considered as a covariable. The mass-reared strain showed the earliest age at first oviposition. The locality affected the longevity and oviposition period, and these influenced the birth rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of population increase, mean generation time, and doubling time. According to the demographic parameters, the population ofS. mombinwould allow artificial colonization in less time, considering that it has a high reproduction rate starting at an early age. Even in the propensity test, it had the highest number of matings. However, males with greater sexual competitiveness and longevity for colonization corresponded to those collected fromS. purpurea.
The importance of petrous apex and peri-carotid pneumatisation in subtotal petrosectomy and blind sac closure: a radiological study
Authors: McKay-Davies I , Selvarajah K , Neeff M , Sillars H 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain in what proportion the vertical segment of the intratemporal carotid artery on its medial aspect anatomically separates the peri-tubal cells and Eustachian tube from the remainder of the pneumatised spaces of the temporal bone.MethodA retrospective review was conducted of 222 adult and 29 paediatric consecutive computed tomography scans of petrous temporal bones from a single tertiary referral centre.ResultsIn 96 per cent of temporal bones, the carotid artery formed a lateral barrier (with no communication pathway medially) between air spaces anterior and posterior to it. This equated to 94 per cent when chronic otitis media cases were excluded.ConclusionThe degree of separation of middle-ear air cells from the Eustachian tube or nasopharynx, and the relevant anatomy, are reviewed. This knowledge helps to optimise the outcome of subtotal petrosectomy and blind sac closure. The frequency and process of pneumatisation of the petrous apex, and its connections with the middle ear, have been radiologically confirmed.
Caloplaca sol(Teloschistaceae), a new coastal lichen from Great Britain
Authors: ORANGE Alan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCaloplaca solis described as a new species from limestone and basic siliceous rocks on the southern and western coasts of Great Britain. It is characterized by a well-developed, crustose, non-placodioid, epilithic, cracked, orange-yellow thallus, almost concolorous apothecia up to 0·66 mm diameter, and ascosporesc. 11·0–12·2–13·0 µm long with a septumc. 0·4×the ascospore length.Caloplaca dalmaticais related but differs in the endolithic or only thinly epilithic thallus.Caloplaca marinais darker orange in colour, with more convex areoles, and is mostly confined to the splash zone of the seashore.Caloplaca maritimadiffers in the typically more convex, sometimes isolated areoles, and often in the presence of a crenulate thalline margin in young apothecia.Caloplaca itianais newly reported from Great Britain from coastal limestone; it differs fromC. solin the thallus being endolithic or almost so, and fromC. dalmaticain the more completely endolithic thallus and the larger ascospores.
Fuscidea lightfootiiandF.pusilla(Fuscideaceae, Umbilicariomycetidae, Ascomycota), two similar but genetically distinct species.
Authors: ZAHRADNíKOVá Martina , ANDERSEN Heidi Lie , TøNSBERG Tor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe two corticolous speciesFuscidea lightfootii(Sm.) Coppins & P. James andF.pusillaTønsberg are morphologically and chemically similar and it has been suggested that they are conspecific. We investigated the interspecific relationship betweenF. lightfootiiandF.pusillausing ITS, LSU and mtSSU rDNA. The combined multigene phylogeny shows that these species are genetically distinct. They are similar in ascocarp anatomy but in thallus morphology and substratum preferences there may be slight differences between them. Moreover,F. pusilladisplays a broader ecological range thanF.lightfootii. Even though some morphotypes appeared distinct and may be assigned to one of the two species with some degree of certainty, the use of DNA sequencing is recommended for their identification. Epitypes are designated for both species.
Sporastatia crassulata, a new species from the Altai Mountains with a key toSporastatiaand remarks on some additional species
Authors: YAKOVCHENKO Lidia S. , DAVYDOV Evgeny A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSporastatia crassulataYakovchenko & Davydov sp. nov. is described and a phylogenetic analysis (mtSSU) is presented, confirming its distinctness and indicating a sister relationship withS.testudinea. The species is unique amongSporastatiaspecies in having a distinctly squamulose, thick, uneven thallus composed of convex, rounded squamules irregularly ascending in the central part of the thallus. The new combinationSporastatia karakorina(Poelt & Obermayer) Davydov & Yakovchenko is proposed. The type specimen ofS.subasiaticawas examined. A key to the six species ofSporastatiais given. Mountainous Central Asia appears to be the centre of species diversity and endemism forSporastatia.
The Silk Road and the Iranian political economy in late antiquity: Iran, the Silk Road, and the problem of aristocratic empire
Authors: Payne Richard E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Iranian Empire emerged in the third century in the interstices of the Silk Road that increasingly linked the markets of the Mediterranean and the Near East with South, Central, and East Asia. The ensuing four centuries of Iranian rule corresponded with the heyday of trans-Eurasian trade, as the demand of moneyed imperial elites across the continent for one another's high-value commodities stimulated the development of long-distance networks. Despite its position at the nexus of trans-continental and trans-oceanic commerce, accounts of Iran in late antiquity relegate trade to a marginal role in its political economy. The present article seeks to foreground the contribution of trans-continental mercantile networks to the formation of Iran and to argue that its development depended as much on the political economies of its western and eastern neighbours as on internal Near Eastern factors.
The origin of the Semitic relative marker
Authors: Huehnergard John , Pat-El Na‘ama 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAll Semitic languages use a relative marker as at least one strategy of relativization, and all branches show reflexes or relics of reflexes of an interdental relative marker. The wide consensus that the relative pronoun was originally identical to the proximal demonstrative is based on the formal identity between the bases of the two in West Semitic, and on the wide attestation of the process Demonstrative > Relative in world languages. In this paper, we will show that there are a number of significant problems with the reconstruction of the relative pronoun, which, when taken together, make tracing its origin to the demonstrative highly unlikely. Instead we will argue that the opposite is true: the demonstrative in West Semitic is a secondary formation on the basis of the relative marker.
Surgical management of CHD in the adult population: the role of humanitarian cardiac surgery mission in Nigeria
Authors: Nwafor Ikechukwu A. , Eze John C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical effects of CHD can occur during the neonatal period, childhood, adolescent, and even adulthood. Some CHD in the adult population have indications for surgical management.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to review the role of humanitarian cardiac surgery missions in the surgical management of CHD in the adult population in a developing country.Materials and methodOver a 5.5-year period – June, 2003, February, 2013–October, 2017 – five different humanitarian cardiac surgery teams visited National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, Nigeria. During the period, they operated on adults with CHD. A retrospective study of the patients treated was performed using data obtained from our Hospital Information Technology Department. The demography of the patients, types of CHD, operative modalities, as well as the outcome was analysed using Microsoft Excel. The results were presented in arithmetic of percentages using tables.ResultsDuring the period, a total of 18 CHD patients were treated.
Overcoming the “Logic of Exception”: A Critique of the UN Security Council’s Response to Environmental Damage from the 1990–91 Gulf War
Authors: CUSATO Eliana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the UN Security Council’s [UNSC] response to the environmental impact of the 1990–91 Gulf War and its relevance to ongoing debates on environmental protection during armed conflict. With Resolution 687/91, the UNSC referred to “environmental damage and depletion of natural resources” in the context of war reparations, and established the UN Compensation Commission [UNCC] to process environmental claims. Whilst this is often hailed as a success story, this paper raises questions about certain dimensions of the UNCC: the choice of the applicable law; the decision-making process, particularly in relation to causation and remedies; and its punitive/biased nature. It argues that the successful outcome of the environmental compensation regime cannot be separated from the UNCC’s exceptional application of international legal norms. By drawing attention to this “logic of exception”, I suggest that alternative responses, more attentive to the dynamics of contemporary conflicts and their multiple environmental impacts, should be imagined.
The Place of Nusantara in the Sanskritic Buddhist Cosmopolis
Authors: Acri Andrea 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article synthesizes and links together evidence published thus far in secondary literature, in order to highlight the contribution of Nusantara to the genesis and circulation of various forms of Sanskritic Buddhism across Asia from the fifth to the fourteenth century. It places particular emphasis on its expansion via maritime routes. Archaeological vestiges and textual sources suggest that Nusantara was not a periphery, but played a constitutive, Asia-wide role as both a crossroads and terminus of Buddhist contacts since the early centuries of the Common Era. Sumatra, Java, and the Malay Peninsula hosted major centres of Buddhist worship and higher learning that were fully integrated into the trans-Asian maritime network of trade, diplomacy, and pilgrimage. Frequented by some of the most eminent Buddhist personalities of their times, who prompted doctrinal and cultic developments in South and East Asia, Nusantara may have exerted an influence on paradigms of Sanskritic Buddhism across Asia, rather than being a passive recipient of ideas and practices.
A Meta-Analysis of Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Management in Annual and Perennial Systems
Authors: Davis Stacy , Mangold Jane , Menalled Fabian , Orloff Noelle , Miller Zach , Lehnhoff Erik 
Published: July 2018

AbstractField bindweed (Convolvulus arvensisL.) is a persistent, perennial weed species that infests a variety of temperate habitats around the globe. To evaluate the efficacy of general management approaches and impacts on crop yield and to identify research gaps, we conducted a series of meta-analyses using published studies focusing onC. arvensismanagement in annual cropping and perennial systems. Our analysis of 48 articles (560 data points) conducted in annual systems indicated that 95% of data points measured efficacy over short time frames (within 2 yr of treatment). Furthermore, only 27% of data points reported impacts ofC. arvensismanagement on crop yield. In annual systems, herbicide control dominated the literature (~80% of data points) and was an effective management technique up to 2 yr posttreatment. Integrated management, with or without herbicides, and three nonchemical techniques were similarly effective as herbicide at reducingC. arvensisup to 2 yr posttreatment. In addition, integrated approaches, with or without herbicides, and two nonchemical techniques had positive effects on crop yield. There were few differences among herbicide mechanism of action groups onC. arvensisabundance in annual systems. There were only nine articles (28 data points) concerningC. arvensismanagement in perennial systems (e.g., pasture, rangeland, lawn), indicating more research effort has been directed toward annual systems. In perennial systems, biocontrol, herbicide, and non-herbicide integrated management techniques were equally effective at reducingC. arvensis, while competition and grazing were not effective. Overall, our results demonstrate that while chemical control ofC. arvensisis generally effective and well studied, integrated and nonchemical control practices can perform equally well. We also documented the need for improved monitoring of the efficacy of management practices over longer time frames and including effects on desired vegetation to develop sustainable weed management programs.
Growth, Fitness, and Overwinter Survival of a Shattercane (Sorghum bicolorssp.drummondii)×Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolorssp.bicolor) F2Population
Authors: Schmidt Jared J. , Yerka Melinda K. , Pedersen Jeffrey F. , Lindquist John L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench ssp.bicolor] is the fifth most important grain crop in terms of global production, no commercial hybrids carry genetically engineered (GE) traits for resistance to insect pests or herbicides due to regulatory concerns about gene flow to weedy relatives. However, non-GE herbicide resistance currently is being developed in grain sorghum and will likely transfer to related weeds. Monitoring the impact of this new nuclear technology on the evolution and invasiveness of related weeds requires a baseline understanding of the population biology of grain sorghum genes once they transfer to in situ weed populations. We previously characterized the rate of gene flow from grain sorghum to shattercane [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench nothosubsp.drummondii(Steud.) de Wet ex. Davidse], a conspecific weed relatively common in North America; as well as the ecological fitness of an F1population whenS. bicolornothosubsp.drummondiiwas the maternal parent. Here we report the ecological fitness of aS. bicolornothosubsp.drummondii×S. bicolorssp.bicolorF2population relative to its crop and weed parents. Parental and F2populations were grown in two Nebraska environments in 2012 and 2013. Traits evaluated included overwinter survival, field emergence, biomass production and partitioning at anthesis, total seed production, and 100-seed weight. Results indicated that F2traits were generally intermediate between the parents, but more similar toS. bicolornothosubsp.drummondiithan to grain sorghum. The one exception was overwinter survival, which was nearly 0% for both the F2and the grain sorghum parent in these northern environments. Thus, the frequency of crop alleles stably introgressed intoS. bicolornothosubsp.drummondiipopulations appears to primarily depend on overwinter survival of the F2and which selective pressures are imposed upon it by the cropping system. These data provide needed baseline information about the environmental fate of nuclear genetic technologies deployed in this important global crop.
Plasma Dynamics Associated With Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularities
Authors: Smith Jonathon Matthew , Heelis R. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite was operational from 2008, a period of deep solar minimum, to 2015, a period of moderate solar conditions. The behavior of the vertical plasma drift and the distribution of plasma depletions during the deep solar minimum of 2009 deviated substantially from the behavior that was observed during the solar moderate conditions encountered by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellite in 2014, which are typical of previous observations. Presented here are observations of the vertical drift of plasma depletions and the background plasma in which they are embedded. We find that depletions detected at local times after 2100 hr during solar minimum are typically found in background drifts that are weakly downward compared to the strongly downward background drifts observed during moderate solar activity levels. Additionally, at solar minimum, the drift within the depletions is upward with respect to the background as compared with observations at the same local times during solar moderate conditions for which the depleted plasma more nearly drifts with the background. We note that weak background plasma drifts observed throughout the night during solar minimum promote the continued growth of depletions that may evolve more slowly or be continuously generated to appear in the topside in the postmidnight hours.
Antidiabetic adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon suppresses tumour growth of pancreatic cancer by inducing RIPK1/ERK-dependent necroptosis
Authors: Akimoto Miho , Maruyama Riruke , Kawabata Yasunari , Tajima Yoshitsugu , Takenaga Keizo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe association between lower circulating adiponectin (APN) levels and the development of pancreatic cancer has been reported. However, the effect of APN on the growth and survival of pancreatic cancer cells remains elusive. Here, we investigate the effects of the anti-diabetic APN receptor (AdipoR) agonist AdipoRon and APN on human pancreatic cancer cells. We found that AdipoRon, but not APN, induces MIAPaCa-2 cell death, mainly through necroptosis. Mechanistically, although both AdipoRon and APN activate AMPK and p38 MAPK in an AdipoR-dependent manner that elicits survival signals, only AdipoRon induces rapid mitochondrial dysfunction through mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, followed by superoxide production via RIPK1 and ERK1/2 activation. Oral administration of AdipoRon suppresses MIAPaCa-2 tumour growth without severe adverse effects and kills cancer cells isolated from patients with pancreatic cancer. Thus, AdipoRon could be a therapeutic agent against pancreatic cancer as well as diabetes.