bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age makes a difference: Symptoms in pediatric supraventricular tachycardia
Authors: Quattrocelli Amanda , Lang Janet , Davis Andrew , Pflaumer Andreas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundSupraventricular tachycardia is a group of rhythm disturbances that affect 1 in 300‐1200 Australian children annually. The differentiation of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) symptoms and age of onset according to their subtype is not well understood in the pediatric population. Most studies rely on ECG criteria only to characterize the subtype of the SVT, which is not applicable to all subtypes. The purpose of this study was to identify the symptoms and ages of onset of SVT subtypes, and to analyze whether ethnicity or severity correlated with the SVT subtype confirmed in an invasive Electrophysiology (EP) study.MethodsA retrospective analysis and prospective survey evaluated 364 patients who underwent an EP study at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne between 2009 and 2015. Age of onset, symptoms, and ethnicity were collected by phone survey or medical records in addition to EP study diagnostic data, medication status, and follow‐up information about their symptom status following EP procedure. Patients were grouped according to their SVT subtype. Data analysis was performed using chi‐squared, Fisher's exact, and ANOVA statistical tests to determine associations between SVT substrates.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐three suitable cases of SVT were identified (131 men, 102 women) aged between 0 and 18 years. Atrioventricular Reentrant Tachycardia (AVRT) (n = 153) was the most common SVT subtype, followed by Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT) (n = 55), Atrial Tachycardia (AT) (n = 17), and other SVT subtypes (n = 8) which included Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, and Junctional Tachycardia. There was a male predominance in all subtypes, except for AVNRT. AVNRT patients had palpitations, dyspnoea, dizziness, and anxiety more than any other group, AVRT patients complained of vomiting most and patients with AT had the most fatigue. The mean age of symptom onset varied among groups, being earlier in AVRT, later in AVNRT with a significant difference between AVRT with unidirectional retrograde accessory pathway (URAP) and AVNRT subtypes (P < 0.01).ConclusionSome specific symptoms were strong discriminators between different SVT subtypes. Ethnicity did not have strong correlations with SVT subtype incidence. This study was able to show clinical differences among children with SVT due to AVRT (URAP) compared to AVNRT, allowing the prognosis and intended management of pediatric SVT to be anticipated by less invasive means.
Overexpression of Chinese flowering cabbage BpPMSR3 enhances the tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana to cadmium
Authors: Han Yingyan , Du Yalin , Wang Jiewei , Wu Tao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSoil pollution by the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is a global environmental problem that adversely affects plants and humans. For example, Cd easily contaminates Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica rapa parachinensis). To investigate the molecular mechanism of Cd tolerance in Chinese flowering cabbage, we cloned a Cd tolerance‐related gene named BpPMSR3 in this study. The full‐length cDNA of BpPMSR3 is 555 bp with an open reading frame encoding 184 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BpPMSR3 was closely related to Brassica rapa PMSR in different species. Functional analysis showed that the root lengths and fresh weights of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing BpPMSR3 decreased a lower ratio than Col‐0 under 50 µM Cd condition, compared to plants grown under –Cd condition. However, Cd absorption did not differ between Col‐0 and transgenic lines. The methionine (Met), glutathione (GSH), and phytochelatin concentrations in transgenic lines were higher than those in Col‐0, whereas the methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) concentration in transgenic lines was lower than that in the wild type Col‐0. These results reveal that the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants to Cd was higher than that of Col‐0. The transcription levels of AtHMA3, AtMAN3, and AtNramp1, which were related to Cd tolerance, were significantly higher in transgenic lines than in Col‐0 in the presence of Cd. Therefore, Chinese flowering cabbage BpPMSR3 improved the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants to Cd.
Causes and consequences of Arctic freshwater routing into the Nordic Seas during late Marine Isotope Stage 5
Authors: Telesiński Maciej M. , Bauch Henning A. , Spielhagen Robert F. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTSediment core PS1904 reveals continuous records of planktic and benthic foraminiferal stable isotopes (δ18O/δ13C) from the north‐eastern Greenland continental margin. The data show good comparability with other records from the Nordic Seas, allowing the stratigraphic range of PS1904 to be dated to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6. Focusing on MIS 5 reveals light δ18O values during MIS 5a compared to the last interglacial peak (MIS 5e) which indicates that surface and bottom water layers were strongly affected by freshwater during the former event. We present two possible scenarios explaining the origin and routing of the freshwater: (i) drainage of a Eurasian proglacial lake coupled with the collapse of the Kara Sea Ice Sheet at the MIS 5b/a boundary, and (ii) destabilization and melting of the nearby Greenland Ice Sheet. Although both scenarios could have acted simultaneously, sediment records from the Eurasian sector of the Arctic Ocean hint at the proglacial lake system in north‐western Siberia as the largest freshwater source. Regardless of the actual source, the freshwater lowered the surface ocean salinity causing water column stratification and sea ice expansion. Increased sea‐ice abundance led to a higher albedo and probably contributed to the cooling and global ice sheet growth that occurred subsequently during MIS 4.
Application of a Dynamic Method for the Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient Determination in the Scale‐Up of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant Production
Authors: Amani Hossein 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBiosurfactants are widely used for industrial, agricultural, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications. However, much of the work on biosurfactant production is still in the laboratory stage. In addition, there is a lack of fundamental knowledge about the scale‐up of biosurfactant production. This article addresses this issue and describes dynamic methods for obtaining scalable data for aerobic fermenters. To achieve this objective, the present work aims to study the scale‐up of the rhamnolipid production process from 2.5 to 20 L of an aerated and agitated bioreactor. A similar scale‐up trend in both Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth and biosurfactant production under optimum conditions demonstrated that the scale‐up protocol based on the constant oxygen transfer coefficient is successfully implemented in this work. A maximum rhamnolipid production of 8.3 g L−1 was achieved after 1 week in the 20‐L fermenter, which was 10% better than that of the 2.5‐L fermenter at the same time period. This difference may be due to the change of aeration from 1.0 vvm (volume of air per volume of medium per minute) on the small scale to 2.0 vvm on the large scale. However, the comparable results obtained on both scales confirmed that the scale‐up protocol works for rhamnolipid production. Based on our results, we consider that this method is perhaps the most helpful tool for successful scale‐up of biosurfactant production and for the determination of the optimal conditions at the production scale. The results of this work will help the researchers to have a good prediction of scale‐up in this field.
Post‐release movement and survivorship of head‐started gopher tortoises
Authors: Quinn Daniel P. , Buhlmann Kurt A. , Jensen John B. , Norton Terry M. , Tuberville Tracey D. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTGopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) populations are declining throughout their range and recovery requires management intervention to alleviate losses. Population augmentation strategies may prove useful in recovery of depleted populations once threats are mitigated. We head‐started and soft‐released hatchlings produced from robust donor populations and evaluated their post‐release survivorship and movement for the first year following their release. During 2014 and 2015, we head‐started and released 145 tortoises, of which we radio‐tracked a subset of 41 individuals, from 2 cohorts at 2 release areas within Yuchi Wildlife Management Area in Burke County, Georgia, USA. Movement and mortality of gopher tortoises was highest in the first month after release but declined soon after. Estimated annual survivorship of our first cohort was 60.6%. Annual survivorship of our second cohort was low (7.1%) at the southeast release area but much higher (75.0%) at the northwest release area because of spatial variation in predation. Although survivorship was variable, site fidelity remained high throughout the study and no tortoise moved >122.0 m from its release location. Initial results suggest that head‐starting could prove effective as a population recovery tool, but that release strategy and predator mitigation, especially within the first month, are critical to success. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Human‐driven geomorphological processes and soil degradation in Northwest Argentina: A geoarchaeological view
Authors: Sampietro Vattuone Maria , Peña Monne José Luis , Roldán Jimena , Maldonado Mario , Lefebvre Maria , Vattuone Marta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe study of human‐driven processes is useful to gain a better understanding of the long‐term evolution of land degradation, soil erosion, and geomorphology as well as resource availability for human settlement. The objective of this paper is to identify the long‐term results of human impact on the vulnerable dryland ecosystems in Northwest Argentina, specifically to analyze the consequences of the spread and consolidation of the agricultural way of life on the landscape. To reach this objective, a multiproxy interdisciplinary geoarchaeological study was conducted to link an evolutionary geomorphological model with the soil development and degradation, peopling, and land use change during the Upper Holocene and integrate distinct areas of the Tafí Valley region, which is the most studied area, other neighbouring valleys, and the Puna. The analyses identified positive human‐driven impacts that led to a general degradation of the landscape during the agricultural Prehispanic Period, dated between ca. 2000 and 500 bp. This degradation is manifested by accelerated morphogenesis, mainly fine‐grained accumulated sediments, thick deposits, and the presence of human debris interbedded with the natural sediments. The success of the productive agricultural systems that expanded during the Formative Period led to a gradual increase in the demographic density, resulting in extensive environmental degradation due to overexploitation of the drylands of Northwest Argentina, in some cases increased by adverse climatic changes.
Intrinsic Viscosities of Polymer Blends and Polymer Compatibility: Self‐Organization and Flory–Huggins Interaction Parameters
Authors: Wolf Bernhard A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe intrinsic viscosity of polymer blends in a common solvent may deviate markedly from additivity. Such behavior testifies favorable interactions between the two types of macromolecules. Under these conditions, isolated polymer coils contain one macromolecule of each species and represent the simplest possible case of self‐organization. The particular thermodynamic situation required for the occurrence of that phenomenon is being analyzed in terms of microphase equilibria by means of an approach, which subdivides the dilution process into two steps. The first step quantifies the opening of intersegmental contacts at constant conformations of the components and the second step the conformational relaxation required to attain equilibrium. The intrinsic viscosities resulting for the mixed isolated coils are normally smaller than calculated from additivity. However, the opposite behavior can also occur under special conditions. The possibilities to gain quantitative information on polymer/polymer interaction parameters from the intrinsic viscosities of polymer blends are being discussed.
Composite Contains Large Content of In Situ Microfibril, Prepared Directly by Injection Molding: Morphology and Property
Authors: Jiang Yixin , Mi Dashan , Wang Yingxiong , Wang Tao , Shen Kaizhi , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring vibration injection molding (VIM), the in situ microfibril composite (MFC) based on high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/polystyrene (PS) is molded. A large content of uniform microfibrils with an average diameter about 0.55 µm can be found from the surface to the center region. This phenomenon shows a big difference from the skin‐core structure of CIM samples as a result of shear flow. Apart from the PS phase going through a big deformation, the molecular chains of HDPE are also stretched along the flow direction. And finally, some super crystalline, like shish‐kebab, hybrid shish‐kebab structures exist in the strong shear region. Both the microfibril and super crystalline structure make a contribution to the mechanical improvement of the composite according to the mechanical testing results. This work can simplify the traditional MFC process, achieve the goal of direct fibrillation and provide a new idea of utilizing the properties of immiscible polymer systems.
Palmitoleic Acid has Stronger Anti‐Inflammatory Potential in Human Endothelial Cells Compared to Oleic and Palmitic Acids
Authors: de Souza Camila Oliveira , Valenzuela Carina A. , Baker Ella J. , Miles Elizabeth A. , Rosa Neto José C. , Calder Philip C. 
Published: August 2018

ScopeFatty acids (FAs) may affect endothelial cell (EC) function, influencing atherogenesis and inflammatory processes. Palmitoleic acid (POA) has been described as an anti‐inflammatory FA. However, its effects on ECs are underexplored. This study compares the effects of POA with those of palmitic acid (PA) and oleic acid (OA) on EC inflammatory responses.Methods and ResultsEAHy926 cells (EC lineage) are exposed to PA, OA, or POA, and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. Associated with the FA's own incorporation, PA induces a twofold increase in arachidonic acid, while POA increases the amount of cis‐vaccenic acid. PA, but not OA, enhances the production of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in response to TNF‐α. In contrast, POA decreases production of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐8 compared to PA. TNF‐α increases surface intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 expression previously decreased by POA. TNF‐α stimulation increases the expression of NFκB, cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, MCP‐1, and IL‐6 genes and reduces the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐α gene. PA enhances the expression of MCP‐1, IL‐6, and COX‐2 genes, while POA downregulates these genes, decreases expression of NFκB, and upregulates PPAR‐α gene expression.ConclusionPOA has anti‐inflammatory effects on ECs stimulated with TNF‐α and may counter endothelial dysfunction.
Dietary Supplementation with Nondigestible Oligosaccharides Reduces Allergic Symptoms and Supports Low Dose Oral Immunotherapy in a Peanut Allergy Mouse Model
Authors: Wagenaar Laura , Bol‐Schoenmakers Marianne , Giustarini Giulio , Vonk Marlotte M. , van Esch Betty C.A.M. , Knippels Leon M.J. , Garssen Johan , Smit Joost J. , Pieters Raymond H.H. 
Published: August 2018

ScopeA major downside of oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergy is the risk of severe side effects. Non‐digestible short‐ and long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (scFOS/lcFOS) reduce allergy development in murine models. Therefore, it is hypothesized that scFOS/lcFOS can also support the efficacy of OIT in a peanut allergy model.Methods and ResultsAfter sensitization to peanut extract (PE) using cholera toxin, C3H/HeOuJ mice are fed a 1% scFOS/lcFOS or control diet and receive OIT (1.5 or 15 mg PE). Hereafter, mice are exposed to PE via different routes to determine the safety and efficacy of treatment in clinical outcomes, PE‐specific antibody production, and numbers of various immune cells. scFOS/lcFOS increases short‐chain fatty acid levels in the caecum and reduce the acute allergic skin response and drop in body temperature after PE exposure. Interestingly, 15 mg and 1.5 mg OIT with scFOS/lcFOS induce protection against anaphylaxis, whereas 1.5 mg OIT alone does not. OIT, with or without scFOS/lcFOS, induces PE‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig) IgG and IgA levels and increases CD103+ dendritic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes.ConclusionsscFOS/lcFOS and scFOS/lcFOS combined with low dose OIT are able to protect against a peanut‐allergic anaphylactic response.
Krüpple‐like factor 5 is essential for mammary gland development and tumorigenesis
Authors: Liu Rong , Shi Peiguo , Zhou Zhongmei , Zhang Hailin , Li Wei , Zhang Hong , Chen Ceshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractKrüpple‐like factor 5 (KLF5) is required for the development of the embryo and multiple organs, such as the lung and intestine. KLF5 plays a pro‐proliferative and oncogenic role in several carcinomas, including breast cancer. However, its role in normal mammary gland development and oncogenesis has not been elucidated in vivo. In this study, we used mammary gland‐specific Klf5 conditional knockout mice derived by mating Klf5‐LoxP and MMTV‐Cre mice. The genetic ablation of Klf5 suppresses mammary gland ductal elongation and lobuloalveolar formation. Klf5 deficiency inhibits mammary epithelial cell proliferation, survival, and stem cell maintenance. Klf5 promotes mammary stemness, at least partially, by directly promoting the transcription of Slug. Finally, Klf5 depletion suppressed PyMT‐induced mammary gland tumor cell stemness, tumor initiation, and growth in vivo. Slug also mediated these functions of Klf5 in vivo. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility and accuracy of UF/NCI phantoms and Monte Carlo retrospective dosimetry in children treated on National Wilms Tumor Study protocols
Authors: Kalapurakal John A. , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Mille Matthew , Helenowski Irene , Peterson Susan , Rigsby Cynthia , Laurie Fran , Jung Jae Won , Fitzgerald Thomas J. , Lee Choonsik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeThis pilot study was done to determine the feasibility and accuracy of University of Florida/National Cancer Institute (UF/NCI) phantoms and Monte Carlo (MC) retrospective dosimetry and had two aims: (1) to determine the anatomic accuracy of UF/NCI phantoms by comparing 3D organ doses in National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS) patient‐matched UF/NCI phantoms to organ doses in corresponding patient‐matched CT scans and (2) to compare infield and out‐of‐field organ dosimetry using two dosimetry methods—standard radiation therapy (RT) treatment planning systems (TPS) and MC dosimetry in these two anatomic models.MethodsTwenty NWTS patient‐matched Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files of UF/NCI phantoms and CT scans were imported into the Pinnacle RT TPS. The NWTS RT fields (whole abdomen, flank, whole lung, or a combination) and RT doses (10–45 Gy) were reconstructed in both models. Both TPS and MC dose calculations were performed. For aim 1, the mean doses to the heart, kidney, thyroid gland, testes, and ovaries using TPS and MC in both models were statistically compared. For aim 2, the TPS and MC dosimetry for these organs in both models were statistically compared.ResultsFor aim 1, there was no significant difference between phantom and CT scan dosimetry for any of the organs using either TPS or MC dosimetry. For aim 2, there was a significant difference between TPS and MC dosimetry for both CT scan and phantoms for all organs. Although the doses for infield organs were similar for both TPS and MC, the doses for near‐field and out‐of‐field organs were consistently higher for 90% to 100% of MC doses; however, the absolute dose difference was small (<1 Gy).ConclusionsThis pilot study has demonstrated that the patient‐matched UF/NCI phantoms together with MC dosimetry is an accurate model for performing retrospective 3D dosimetry in large‐scale epidemiology studies such as the NWTS.
Risk‐based management strategy and outcomes of tumor lysis syndrome in children with leukemia/lymphoma: Analysis from a resource‐limited setting
Authors: Gopakumar Kaduveettil Gopinathan , Seetharam Shwetha , KM Jagathnath Krishna , Nair Manjusha , Rajeswari Binitha , CS Guruprasad , VR Prasanth , Thankamony Priyakumari 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundData from low‐ and middle‐income countries on tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in the pediatric population are limited. This study aims to analyze the clinical and biochemical characteristics and treatment outcomes of TLS in children with leukemia/lymphomas in a resource‐limited setting.ProcedureChildren with intermediate risk (IRD) and high risk (HRD) for developing TLS were retrospectively studied at a tertiary cancer center in India.ResultsOver a three‐year period, 224 children with acute leukemia/lymphoma having IRD (21.8%, n = 49) and HRD (78.1%, n = 175) were identified. TLS developed in 53.6% (n = 120) cases, of which 75% (n = 90) had laboratory TLS alone. Thirteen children had clinical TLS (C‐TLS) at presentation while 17 patients progressed to develop C‐TLS. TLS developed in 51% (n = 25) and 54.5% (n = 95) of children with IRD and HRD, respectively. Rasburicase was used in 8.5% (n = 19) cases and five children required hemodialysis. Two children (0.8%) expired during the course of TLS management. Multivariate analysis identified the presence of hyperuricemia as the single significant risk factor for developing TLS. When children in whom a 25% change in biochemical values from the baseline that falls within the normal range were excluded, 21.4% (48/224) cases were identified to have clinically relevant TLS (8% in IRD and 25% in HRD).ConclusionWith hydration, supportive care and judicious use of rasburicase, it is feasible to manage TLS efficiently in resource‐limited settings. A modification of the TLS definition criteria would help to identify clinically relevant TLS.