bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two sides of the same coin: session types and game semantics: a synchronous side and an asynchronous side
Authors: Castellan Simon , Yoshida Nobuko 
Published: January 2019

Game semantics and session types are two formalisations of the same concept: message-passing open programs following certain protocols. Game semantics represents protocols as games, and programs as strategies; while session types specify protocols, and well-typed π-calculus processes model programs. Giving faithful models of the π-calculus and giving a precise description of strategies as a programming language are two difficult problems. In this paper, we show how these two problems can be tackled at the same time by building an accurate game semantics model of the session π-calculus.
Our main contribution is to fill a semantic gap between the synchrony of the (session) π-calculus and the asynchrony of game semantics, by developing an event-structure based game semantics for synchronous concurrent computation. This model supports the first truly concurrent fully abstract (for barbed congruence) interpretation of the synchronous (session) π-calculus. We further strengthen this correspondence, establishing finite definability of asynchronous strategies by the internal session π-calculus. As an application of these results, we propose a faithful encoding of synchronous strategies into asynchronous strategies by call-return protocols, which induces automatically an encoding at the level of processes. Our results bring session types and game semantics into the same picture, proposing the session calculus as a programming language for strategies, and strategies as a very accurate model of the session calculus. We implement a prototype which computes the interpretation of session processes as synchronous strategies.
An abstract stack based approach to verified compositional compilation to machine code
Authors: Wang Yuting , Wilke Pierre , Shao Zhong 
Published: January 2019

A key ingredient contributing to the success of CompCert, the state-of-the-art verified compiler for C, is its block-based memory model, which is used uniformly for all of its languages and their verified compilation. However, CompCert's memory model lacks an explicit notion of stack. Its target assembly language represents the runtime stack as an unbounded list of memory blocks, making further compilation of CompCert assembly into more realistic machine code difficult since it is not possible to merge these blocks into a finite and continuous stack. Furthermore, various notions of verified compositional compilation rely on some kind of mechanism for protecting private stack data and enabling modification to the public stack-allocated data, which is lacking in the original CompCert. These problems have been investigated but not fully addressed before, in the sense that some advanced optimization passes that significantly change the ways stack blocks are (de-)allocated, such as tailcall recognition and inlining, are often omitted.
We propose a lightweight and complete solution to the above problems. It is based on the enrichment of CompCert's memory model with an abstract stack that keeps track of the history of stack frames to bound the stack consumption and that enforces a uniform stack access policy by assigning fine-grained permissions to stack memory. Using this enriched memory model for all the languages of CompCert, we are able to reprove the correctness of the full compilation chain of CompCert, including all the optimization passes. In the end, we get Stack-Aware CompCert, a complete extension of CompCert that enforces the finiteness of the stack and fine-grained stack permissions.
Based on Stack-Aware CompCert, we develop CompCertMC, the first extension of CompCert that compiles into a low-level language with flat memory spaces. Based on CompCertMC, we develop Stack-Aware CompCertX, a complete extension of CompCert that supports a notion of compositional compilation that we call contextual compilation by exploiting the uniform stack access policy provided by the abstract stack.
Tobacco smoking induces cardiovascular mitochondrial oxidative stress, promotes endothelial dysfunction, and enhances hypertension
Authors: Dikalov Sergey , Itani Hana , Richmond Bradley , Arslanbaeva Liaison , Vergeade Aurelia , Rahman S. M. Jamshedur , Boutaud Olivier , Blackwell Timothy , Massion Pierre P. , Harrison David G. , Dikalova Anna 
Published: January 2019

Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hypertension. It is associated with the oxidative stress and induces metabolic reprogramming, altering mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke induces cardiovascular mitochondrial oxidative stress, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we studied whether the scavenging of mitochondrial H2O2 in transgenic mice expressing mitochondria-targeted catalase (mCAT) attenuates the development of cigarette smoke/angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and hypertension compared with wild-type mice. Two weeks of exposure of wild-type mice with cigarette smoke increased systolic blood pressure by 17 mmHg, which was similar to the effect of a subpresssor dose of angiotensin II (0.2 mg·kg−1·day−1), leading to a moderate increase to the prehypertensive level. Cigarette smoke exposure and a low dose of angiotensin II cooperatively induced severe hypertension in wild-type mice, but the scavenging of mitochondrial H2O2 in mCAT mice completely prevented the development of hypertension. Cigarette smoke and angiotensin II cooperatively induced oxidation of cardiolipin (a specific biomarker of mitochondrial oxidative stress) in wild-type mice, which was abolished in mCAT mice. Cigarette smoke and angiotensin II impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and induced superoxide overproduction, which was diminished in mCAT mice. To mimic the tobacco smoke exposure, we used cigarette smoke condensate, which induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction and reduced endothelial nitric oxide (a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension). Western blot experiments indicated that tobacco smoke and angiotensin II reduce the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin-3 level and cause hyperacetylation of a key mitochondrial antioxidant, SOD2, which promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work demonstrates tobacco smoking-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and development of hypertension. We suggest that the targeting of mitochondrial oxidative stress can be beneficial for treatment of pathological conditions associated with tobacco smoking, such as endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/mitochondrial-oxidative-stress-in-smoking-and-hypertension/ .
IL13-Mediated Dectin-1 and Mannose Receptor Overexpression Promotes Macrophage Antitumor Activities through Recognition of Sialylated Tumor Cells
Authors: Alaeddine Mohamad , Prat Mélissa , Poinsot Véréna , Gouazé-Andersson Valérie , Authier Hélène , Meunier Etienne , Lefèvre Lise , Alric Camille , Dardenne Christophe , Bernad José , Alric Laurent , Segui Bruno , Balard Patricia , Couderc François , Couderc Bettina , Pipy Bernard , Coste Agnès 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity is controlled by surface receptor expression and activation. Despite the numerous studies documenting the role of macrophage C-type lectin receptors (CLR) in pathogen elimination, little is known about their contribution to antitumor responses. Here, we report that IL13 inhibits T-cell lymphoma and ovarian adenocarcinoma development in tumor-bearing mice through the conversion of tumor-supporting macrophages to cytotoxic effectors, characterized by a CLR signature composed of dectin-1 and mannose receptor (MR). We show that dectin-1 and MR are critical for the recognition of tumor cells through sialic acid–specific glycan structure on their surface and for the subsequent activation of macrophage tumoricidal response. Finally, we validated that IL13 antitumor effect mediated by dectin-1 and MR overexpression on macrophages can extend to various types of human tumors. Therefore, these results identify these CLRs as potential targets to promote macrophage antitumor response and represent an attractive approach to elicit tumor-associated macrophage tumoricidal properties.
Pseudoblock of the Posterior Mitral Line With Epicardial Bridging Connections Is a Frequent Cause of Complex Perimitral Tachycardias
Authors: Barkagan Michael , Shapira-Daniels Ayelet , Leshem Eran , Shen Changyu , Anter Elad 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The mitral isthmus is the critical element of perimitral reentrant tachycardias. Prolongation in transisthmus conduction time and differential pacing techniques are commonly used to determine block. However, these may not distinguish block from slow conduction or conduction via epicardial bridging connections. The aim of this study was to examine these standard criteria for mitral line block with endocardial and epicardial activation mapping.

Methods:
In 56 patients, posterior mitral line was performed using radiofrequency ablation. Conduction block was defined as transisthmus time (≥100 ms) and reversal of coronary sinus activation during pacing from the left atrial appendage. These results were compared with high-resolution activation mapping (Rhythmia) of the endocardium and epicardium via the coronary sinus.

Results:
Mitral block determined by pacing was achieved in 51 out of 56 (91%) patients. In 11 out of 51 (21.6%), activation mapping demonstrated residual endocardial (3/11; 27.2%) or epicardial (8/11; 72.7%) connections. Epicardial bridging connections were distant from the line (2.4±1.6 cm), inserting laterally at the proximal-middle coronary sinus and septally at the left atrial ridge. Patients with residual conduction were prone to complex circuits involving the epicardium (7/11; 63.6%). Mitral line block was achieved in 75% by targeting these insertion site(s). The transisthmus conduction time had limited predictive value for distinguishing block from pseudoblock.

Conclusions:
Standard criteria for posterior mitral line block may not distinguish block from pseudoblock. In particular, epicardial bridging connections can result in prolonged transisthmus conduction time and reversal in coronary sinus activation to falsely suggest block. These connections are a frequent cause for complex circuits, and their insertion site(s) can be targeted for ablation.
Strength of Evidence Underlying the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines on Endovascular and Surgical Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease:
Authors: Sardar Partha , Giri Jay , Jaff Michael R. , Parikh Sahil A. , Kundu Amartya , White Christopher J. , Chatterjee Saurav , Kennedy Kevin F. , Desai Nihar R. , Hyder Omar N. , Mukherjee Debabrata , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Abbott J. Dawn , Aronow Herbert D. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the evidence-base supporting the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines on peripheral vascular interventions.

Methods and Results:
American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guideline documents available as of May 2018 were abstracted for both endovascular and surgical peripheral vascular intervention. The number of recommendations, class of recommendations (I, II, and III) and the distribution of their respective level of evidence (LOE; A, B, and C) were determined for each procedure. Guidelines were also evaluated for changes in recommendations over time. Of 5 current guidelines reporting 134 recommendations, only 13% were supported by LOE A and 39% were supported by LOE C. Overall, most recommendations were class II (54%), while 35% were class I. Lower LOEs were observed for interventions for pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis (A 0%, B 24%, C 76%), inferior vena cava filter (A 0%, B 31%, C 69%), and renal artery stenosis (A 0%, B 67%, C 33%). Comparatively higher LOE A was observed for endovascular stroke therapy (24%). Compared with previous versions, total number of recommendations for lower extremity peripheral artery disease in the current guideline, decreased from 49 to 26, without an improvement in high-quality evidence.

Conclusions:
There is significant variation in the LOE supporting various peripheral vascular intervention in the current American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines. Overall, the availability of high-quality evidence remains low and the LOE appears insufficient to support many guideline recommendations for peripheral vascular intervention. These findings highlight the need for more objective and comparative evidence to support the use of endovascular and surgical therapy and in some areas, for updated guidelines.
A High-Resolution Data Assimilation Framework for Snow Water Equivalent Estimation across the Western United States and Validation with the Airborne Snow Observatory
Authors: Oaida Catalina M. , Reager John T. , Andreadis Konstantinos M. , David Cédric H. , Levoe Steve R. , Painter Thomas H. , Bormann Kat J. , Trangsrud Amy R. , Girotto Manuela , Famiglietti James S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNumerical simulations of snow water equivalent (SWE) in mountain systems can be biased, and few SWE observations have existed over large domains. New approaches for measuring SWE, like NASA’s ultra-high-resolution Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO), offer an opportunity to improve model estimates by providing a high-quality validation target. In this study, a computationally efficient snow data assimilation (DA) approach over the western United States at 1.75-km spatial resolution for water years (WYs) 2001–17 is presented. A local ensemble transform Kalman filter implemented as a batch smoother is used with the VIC hydrology model to assimilate the remotely sensed daily MODIS fractional snow-covered area (SCA). Validation of the high-resolution SWE estimates is done against ASO SWE data in the Tuolumne basin (California), Uncompahgre basin (Colorado), and Olympic Peninsula (Washington). Results indicate good performance in dry years and during melt, with DA reducing Tuolumne basin-average SWE percent differences from −68%, −92%, and −84% in open loop to 0.6%, 25%, and 3% after DA for WYs 2013–15, respectively, for ASO dates and spatial extent. DA also improved SWE percent difference over the Uncompahgre basin (−84% open loop, −65% DA) and Olympic Peninsula (26% open loop, −0.2% DA). However, in anomalously wet years DA underestimates SWE, likely due to an inadequate snow depletion curve parameterization. Despite potential shortcomings due to VIC model setup (e.g., water balance mode) or parameterization (snow depletion curve), the DA framework implemented in this study shows promise in overcoming some of these limitations and improving estimated SWE, in particular during drier years or at higher elevations, when most in situ observations cannot capture high-elevation snowpack due to lack of stations there.
Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy Outcomes in Patients With Persistent Postural-Perceptual Dizziness
Authors: Nada Ebtessam H. , Ibraheem Ola A. , Hassaan Mohammad R. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) represents an important category of vertigo. Medical treatment and psychotherapy provide convenient control of symptoms. However, these management strategies can have inconvenient side effects and short-term relief, respectively. Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is a self-conducted habituation program that can be personalized to the subject’s needs to give adequate symptom relief without side effects. The present study aims to test the effect of VRT on patients with PPPD. Methods: Participants were diagnosed as having PPPD by the exclusion of organic vestibular lesions. The study involved 2 groups with PPPD: Group I, treated with the VRT, and Group II, treated with the VRT plus placebo. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), a self-assessment scale, was used to evaluate the VRT outcomes. Results: There was a significant decrease in functional, physical, and total scores on the DHI in both groups after VRT. Adding the placebo did not have supplementary outcomes. The patients who did not benefit from the VRT had a significantly longer duration of PPPD, more complex aggravating factors, more composite VRT exercises, and a higher DHI score than the patients who benefited from VRT. Conclusions: Customized VRT adequately reduced symptoms and improved quality of life in subjects with PPPD.
Effectiveness of a precast adjustable compression system compared to multilayered compression bandages in the treatment of breast cancer–related lymphoedema: a randomized, single-blind clinical trial
Authors: Pujol-Blaya Vicenta , Salinas-Huertas Sira , Catasús M Luisa , Pascual Teresa , Belmonte Roser 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of a precast adjustable compression system with that of multilayered compression bandages in the treatment of breast cancer–related lymphoedema. Design: Multicenter, randomized, single-blind parallel-group clinical trial. Setting: The rehabilitation services of four general university hospitals. Subjects: Patients with upper limb breast cancer–related lymphoedema. Interventions: All the patients received manual lymphatic drainage, followed by a precast adjustable compression system or multilayered compression bandages, according to the group allocation. The treatment included 10 consecutive sessions over a two-week period from Monday to Friday, followed by some sessions on three alternate days per week, until the patient received a tailored compression garment. Primary measurements: The patients were evaluated just before the treatment, after 10 sessions and at three months posttreatment. The primary outcome was the change in excess lymphoedema volume. Secondary outcomes were changes in the symptoms of pain, heaviness, tightness and hardness. Analyses were performed using an intention-to-treat approach. Results: In all, 42 patients were included; there were 22 in the precast adjustable compression system group and 20 in the multilayered compression bandages group. Both groups exhibited significant decreases in excess volume and symptoms after 10 sessions and at three months. There were no significant differences regarding excess volume or symptoms between the precast adjustable compression system and multilayered compression bandages groups after 10 sessions and at the three-month follow-up exam. Conclusion: The precast adjustable compression system and the multilayered compression bandages have similar efficacy for the reduction of excess lymphoedema volume or symptoms.
Smart Phone/Device Application to Improve Delivery of Enteral Nutrition in Adult Patients Admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Mahmood Sultan , Hoffman Leah , Ali Ijlal Akbar , Zhao Yan D , Chen Allshine , Allen Karen 
Published: January 2019

Background: Resident physicians are frequently uncomfortable ordering enteral nutrition (EN) and are unaware of the variety of formulas and supplements available for different disease processes. Many depend on a clinical dietician to assist with recommending EN formulas and patient energy requirements that may not be readily available on patient admission. This creates a barrier to early initiation of EN and non-compliance with Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition clinical guidelines. Objective: Internal medicine resident physicians were provided an iPod with a smart phone/device application (EN application) to assist them in choosing EN formulas for patients during their intensive care unit (ICU) rotation. The primary outcome was improved initiation of EN within 24 hours of admission. Secondary outcomes included the following: time to initiate EN, goal calories reached, infections rates, length of stay, mortality, and concordance with clinical guidelines. Design: The study is a quasi-experimental design to improve delivery of EN at an academic medical center in the medical ICU. Data were collected from a retrospective chart review to evaluate the impact of an EN application to assist resident physicians when ordering EN. Results: Use of the EN application reduced the percent of patients with delayed initiation of EN from 61.2% prior to 37.5% ( P < .01). The mean time to initiate EN also improved 44.5 vs 31.9 hours ( P < .01). Patients were also more likely to achieve their daily caloric goal ( P < .01). Conclusion: The use of an EN application to assist internal medicine residents when ordering EN reduced delays in initiation of EN and improved overall delivery of EN to medical ICU patients.
The International comparison of Systems of care and patient outcomes In minor Stroke and Tia (InSIST) study: A community-based cohort study
Authors: Levi Christopher R , Lasserson Daniel , Quain Debbie , Valderas Jose , Dewey Helen M , Alan Barber P , Spratt Neil , Cadilhac Dominique A , Feigin Valery , Zareie Hossein , Garcia Esperon Carlos , Davey Andrew , Najib Nashwa , Magin Parker 
Published: January 2019

Rationale Rapid response by health-care systems for transient ischemic attack and minor stroke (TIA/mS) is recommended to maximize the impact of secondary prevention strategies. The applicability of this evidence to Australian non-hospital-based TIA/mS management is uncertain. Aims Within an Australian community setting we seek to document processes of care, establish determinants of access to care, establish attack rates and determinants of recurrent vascular events and other clinical outcomes, establish the performance of ABC2-risk stratification, and compare the processes of care and outcomes to those in the UK and New Zealand for TIA/mS. Sample size estimates Recruiting practices containing approximately 51 full-time-equivalent general practitioners to recruit 100 TIA/mS per year over a four-year study period will provide sufficient power for each of our outcomes. Methods and design An inception cohort study of patients with possible TIA/mS recruited from 16 general practices in the Newcastle-Hunter Valley-Manning Valley region of Australia. Potential TIA/mS will be ascertained by multiple overlapping methods at general practices, after-hours collaborative, and hospital in-patient and outpatient services. Participants’ index and subsequent clinical events will be adjudicated as TIA/mS or mimics by an expert panel. Study outcomes Process outcomes—whether the patient was referred for secondary care; time from event to first patient presentation to a health professional; time from event to specialist acute-access clinic appointment; time from event to brain and vascular imaging and relevant prescriptions. Clinical outcomes—recurrent stroke and major vascular events; and health-related quality of life. Discussion Community management of TIA/mS will be informed by this study.