bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot data supporting an attachment‐based theory of adolescent social media use
Authors: Venta Amanda , Harmon Jennifer , Abate Anna , Marshall Kaisa , Mouton‐Odum Suzanne 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundAdolescents have virtually universal access to social media. Despite ample research linking attachment to social functioning in youth, neither this empirical research nor related theory has been extended to the virtual social context. The broad aim of this study was to test an attachment‐based model of social media use in adolescents in order to address a gap in the literature during this developmental stage and examine attachment and the related process of mentalizing as correlates of online behavior.MethodOnline social comparison/feedback‐seeking was selected as an outcome variable due to its known negative effects on adolescents. Analyses were conducted in a sample of 68 adolescents ranging in age from 15 to 18.ResultsNo evidence of a main effect of parent–child attachment on social comparison/feedback‐seeking was found, but a significant mediational effect indicated that more insecure parent–child attachment is linked with hypermentalizing errors (i.e., overinterpretation of others’ mental states) and that such errors explain increased social comparison/feedback‐seeking.ConclusionsThe current study confirmed previously documented relations between parent–child attachment and hypermentalization as well as research demonstrating that parent–child attachment acts on an adolescent's social world – in this case their virtual social world – through anomalous mentalization.
Analysis of crowds' movement using Twitter
Authors: Fernández Vilas Ana , Díaz Redondo Rebeca P. , Ben Khalifa Mohamed 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOver the last decade, the infrastructure supporting the smart city has lived together with and was surpassed by the rise of social media. The tremendous growth of both mobile devices and social media users has unearthed a new kind of services in the so‐called location‐based social networks (LBSNs). In this new scenario, the term crowdsensing refers to sharing data collected by sensing humans with the aim of measuring phenomena of common interest. Crowd‐sourced location data provide the ability to study, for the first time, the movement of individuals in urban environments. In this paper, we address the problem of monitoring crowds, whereabouts and movement, which can assist decision making in education, emergency training, urban planning, traffic engineering, etc. Precisely, two‐phase density‐based analysis for collectives and crowds (2PD‐CC) is a novel methodology over public data in LBSN, which combines density‐based clustering, outlier detection a topic modeling over a region under study to detect, predict, and explain abnormal group behavior. In order to validate the methodology and its potential application to full‐scale problems, an experiment over Twitter data was performed in Madrid city.
Hypoxia promotes vasculogenic mimicry formation by vascular endothelial growth factor A mediating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hao‐fan , Wang Sha‐sha , Zheng Min , Dai Lu‐ling , Wang Ke , Gao Xiao‐lei , Cao Ming‐xin , Yu Xiang‐hua , Pang Xin , Zhang Mei , Wu Jing‐biao , Wu Jia‐shun , Yang Xiao , Tang Ya‐jie , Chen Yu , Tang Ya‐ling , Liang Xin‐hua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the role of hypoxia in vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and the underlying mechanism involved.Materials and methodsFirstly, wound healing, transwell invasion, immunofluorescence and tube formation assays were performed to measure the effect of hypoxia on migration, invasion, EMT and VM of SACC cells, respectively. Then, immunofluorescence and RT‐PCR were used to detect the effect of hypoxia on VE‐cadherin and VEGFA expression. And pro‐vasculogenic mimicry effect of VEGFA was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blot. Moreover, the levels of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, Vimentin, CD44 and ALDH1 were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence in SACC cells treated by exogenous VEGFA or bevacizumab. Finally, CD31/ PAS staining was performed to observe VM and immunohistochemistry was used to determine the levels of VEGFA and HIF‐1α in 95 SACC patients. The relationships between VM and clinicopathological variables, VEGFA or HIF‐1α level were analysed.ResultsHypoxia promoted cell migration, invasion, EMT and VM formation, and enhanced VE‐cadherin and VEGFA expression in SACC cells. Further, exogenous VEGFA markedly increased the levels of N‐cadherin, Vimentin, CD44 and ALDH1, and inhibited the expression of E‐cadherin, while the VEGFA inhibitor reversed these changes. In addition, VM channels existed in 25 of 95 SACC samples, and there was a strong positive correlation between VM and clinic stage, distant metastases, VEGFA and HIF‐1α expression.ConclusionsVEGFA played an important role in hypoxia‐induced VM through regulating EMT and stemness, which may eventually fuel the migration and invasion of SACC.
Executive function deficits in children born preterm or at low birthweight: a meta‐analysis
Authors: van Houdt Carolien A , Oosterlaan Jaap , van Wassenaer‐Leemhuis Aleid G , van Kaam Anton H , Aarnoudse‐Moens Cornelieke S H 
Published: April 2019

AimTo investigate the magnitude of executive function deficits and their dependency on gestational age, sex, age at assessment, and year of birth for children born preterm and/or at low birthweight.MethodPubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and ERIC were searched for studies reporting on executive functions in children born preterm/low birthweight and term controls born in 1990 and later, assessed at a mean age of 4 years or higher. Studies were included if five or more studies reported on the same executive function measures.ResultsThirty‐five studies (3360 children born preterm/low birthweight, 2812 controls) were included. Children born preterm/low birthweight performed 0.5 standardized mean difference (SMD) lower on working memory and cognitive flexibility and 0.4 SMD lower on inhibition. SMDs for these executive functions did not significantly differ from each other. Meta‐regression showed that heterogeneity in SMDs for working memory and inhibition could not be explained by study differences in gestational age, sex, age at assessment, or year of birth.InterpretationChildren born preterm/low birthweight since 1990 perform half a SMD below term‐born peers on executive function, which does not seem to improve with more recent advances in medical care or with increasing age.What this paper adds

Children born preterm/low birthweight perform below term‐born children on core executive functions.

Lower gestational age or male sex are not risk factors for poorer executive functions.

Executive function difficulties in children born preterm/low birthweight remain stable across childhood.

Executive function difficulties are similar for children born recently and children born in earlier eras.
Diapause decision in the small tortoiseshell butterfly, Aglais urticae
Authors: Wiklund Christer , Lehmann Philipp , Friberg Magne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInsects in temperate areas spend the inhospitable winter conditions in a resting stage known as diapause. In species that diapause in the larval or pupal stage, the decision whether to diapause or develop directly is customarily taken during the late instars, with long days (i.e., long light phases) and high temperatures promoting direct development. Among butterflies that overwinter as adults, data are rare and variable, but imply that the larval daylength conditions can affect the pathway decision. We studied the small tortoiseshell, Aglais urticae L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Nymphalini), which is partially bivoltine from Central Scandinavia and southwards, and tested whether the pathway decision is taken in the larval or adult stage. We reared larvae under long‐day (L22:D2) or short‐day (L12:D12) photoperiods, and recorded the pathway taken by the eclosing adults by scoring their propensity to mate and produce eggs. We also tested whether the larval photoperiod influenced adult ability to diapause by assessing adult survival. The results clearly indicate that (1) there is no detectable effect of larval photoperiod treatment on the pathway decision taken by adults whether to enter diapause or to develop directly, (2) some individuals are obligately univoltine and insensitive to photoperiod during adulthood, whereas (3) other individuals can facultatively enter diapause or direct development, depending on the photoperiod experienced after adult eclosion.
Altitudinal variation in life‐history traits in the lawn ground cricket, Polionemobius mikado
Authors: Matsuda Naoki , Numata Hideharu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt has been reported that the lawn ground cricket, Polionemobius mikado (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae), shows variations in voltinism and life‐history traits along latitude in Japan, but whether it shows variations along altitude has not been examined. The present study aims to determine whether there is variation in voltinism, body size and the incidence of embryonic diapause among populations of P. mikado at different altitudes in Kyoto, Japan. Six populations collected from 70 to 800 m a.s.l. showed a positive relationship between the adult head width and the altitude of sampling locality. This body size cline is attributed to the increasing proportion of larger univoltine individuals from low to high altitude. The incidence of diapause of the strain from altitude 800 m was approximately 100% when reared under natural photoperiods and temperatures from spring to summer at an altitude of 70 m, and was significantly higher than that of the strain from 70 m. These differences in life‐history traits suggest that the population of P. mikado at a higher altitude has adapted to a shorter length of the season available for growth.
Use of a carbonated beverage to disintegrate a phytobezoar obstructing the intrathoracic portion of the oesophagus of a horse
Authors: Livesey L. C. , Yorke E. , Parra A. , Gray Q. , Davies C. , Weldon D. , Schumacher J. , Kimura S. , Howard C. , Sierra‐Rodriguez T. , Mora‐Pereira M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis report describes the treatment of a 17‐year‐old American Quarter Horse gelding for an oesophageal obstruction of approximately 24 h’ duration. An intraluminal oesophageal mass resembling a phytobezoar and located close to the cardia, was observed during endoscopic examination of the oesophagus of a horse showing signs of oesophageal obstruction. An intrathoracic oesophageal diverticulum, filled with fluid, was observed about 40 cm proximal to the obstruction. The end of a nasogastric tube was guided beyond the diverticulum, using gastroscopic observation, so that its tip rested close to the obstruction. The obstruction failed to disintegrate or move into the stomach despite vigorous, prolonged lavage. With the nasogastric tube left in place, and the horse's head elevated, 0.5 L cola was administered adjacent to the obstruction through the nasogastric tube. The head was maintained in the elevated position for an hour, after which time the head was lowered and oesophageal lavage resumed. The nasogastric tube was passed into the stomach within 3 min of re‐instituting lavage. The successful use of a carbonated beverage to treat human patients for oesophageal or gastrointestinal obstruction caused by a phytobezoar is well documented. Carbonated beverages have also been reported to be effective in treating horses for gastric and enteric impactions caused by persimmon seeds. Administering cola into the oesophagus may help resolve oesophageal obstruction of horses caused by a phytobezoar or impacted feed material when horses are refractory to other treatments.
Climate affects the rate at which species successively flower: Capturing an emergent property of regional floras
Authors: Park Isaac W. , Mazer Susan J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimClimate affects the flowering time of many species. Little is known, however, about how climate influences the properties of regional floras, including the rate at which taxa flower sequentially throughout the flowering season. This study is the first to detect geographical variation in this rate across North America. In addition, we tested for the independent effects of intraspecific variation in flowering time and taxonomic composition on the rate of sequential flowering among regional floras distributed across a temperature gradient.LocationNorth America.Time periodThis study examined >59,000 herbarium specimens that were collected in flower from 1901 to 2013.Major taxa studied2,803 angiosperm taxa.MethodsWe identified 51 climatically homogeneous regions across the continental, mostly western states of the USA, in each of which ≥100 species were represented by herbarium specimens. We then examined the effects of mean annual temperature (MAT) on the rate of sequential flowering among species in each region. We also evaluated whether geographical variation in the rate of sequential flowering was attributable to intraspecific variation in the flowering time and/or the taxonomic composition of regional floras.ResultsAs MAT increased over space, the rate of sequential flowering (standardized by the absolute length of the flowering season in each region) increased among relatively early‐flowering taxa but decreased among the latest‐flowering taxa. Both intraspecific variation and shifts in taxonomic composition among floras contributed to this pattern.Main conclusionsAmong floras throughout North America, the rate of sequential flowering among co‐occurring taxa changes with MAT. Intraspecific phenological variation primarily affects the rate of sequential flowering during the first half of the growing season, consistent with the inference that future warming will most strongly affect flowering synchrony among early‐flowering taxa.
Japanese periodical nationwide epidemiologic survey of aberrant portal hemodynamics
Authors: Ohfuji Satoko , Furuichi Yoshihiro , Akahoshi Tomohiko , Kage Masayoshi , Obara Katsutoshi , Hashizume Makoto , Matsuura Tomoka , Fukushima Wakaba , Nakamura Yosikazu 
Published: April 2019

AimIdiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), extrahepatic portal obstruction (EHO), and Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) are characterized by aberrant portal hemodynamics of unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to explore trends in the descriptive epidemiology of these diseases through periodical nationwide surveys.MethodsNationwide epidemiologic surveys were undertaken in 1999, 2005, and 2015 using the same protocol. The survey targets were selected from all departments of gastrointestinal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and pediatric surgery in Japan by stratified random sampling according to the number of beds. We asked each department to complete a mail‐back questionnaire on the annual numbers of patients with IPH, EHO, and BCS during the preceding year.ResultsThe estimated number of BCS patients increased from 280 (95% confidence interval, 200–360) in 1999 survey to 410 (300–530) in 2015 survey, whereas the number of IPH and EHO patients has remained largely unchanged during the 15 years (IPH was approximately 1000; EHO was approximately 770 in 2015 survey). The mean age at symptom onset was approximately 45 years for IPH, 30 years for EHO, and 40 years for BCS over the past 15 years. Those who described disease aggravation from the time of diagnosis accounted for approximately 10% of IPH, 15% of EHO, and 20% of BCS patients in each of the three surveys.ConclusionsIn Japan, the prevalence of BCS is increasing, while those of IPH and EHO appear to be stable. Clinical characteristics, including prognoses, have remained largely unchanged in the past 15 years.
Social intelligence and interview accuracy: Individual differences in the ability to construct interviews and rate accurately
Authors: Speer Andrew B. , Christiansen Neil D. , Laginess Andrew J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis research examined differences in interviewers’ ability to identify effective interview questions and to accurately rate interviewees’ responses. Given the theoretical association between these interview activities and the construct of social intelligence (SI), a performance‐based measure of SI was developed utilizing situational judgment test methodology. The initial step was to examine evidence of the psychometric properties and construct validity of the new SI measure. The SI measure, a test of general mental ability (GMA), and a personality inventory were then used to examine aspects of rater performance. Participants chose a set of interview questions and viewed interviewee responses during a videotaped interview. Results showed that people higher in SI and GMA chose interview questions judged by experts to be superior and were more accurate in rating interviewee responses. The SI measure explained variance beyond GMA and outperformed a trait‐based SI measure. Implications for the selection and training of interviewers are discussed.
Which frugivory‐related traits facilitated historical long‐distance dispersal in the custard apple family (Annonaceae)?
Authors: Onstein Renske E. , Kissling W. Daniel , Chatrou Lars W. , Couvreur Thomas L. P. , Morlon Hélène , Sauquet Hervé 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimLong‐distance dispersal has contributed to the disjunct biogeographical distribution of rain forest plants—something that has fascinated biogeographers since Humboldt's time. However, the dispersal agent for these tropical plant lineages remains puzzling. Here, we investigate which frugivory‐related traits may have facilitated past intercontinental long‐distance dispersal in the custard apple family (Annonaceae), a major vertebrate‐dispersed tropical plant family. We hypothesize that long‐distance dispersal was associated with the evolution of traits related to dispersal by large‐bodied mammals (e.g., large, dull‐coloured, “megafaunal” fruits) and strong‐flying, ocean‐crossing birds and bats (e.g., dehiscent, moniliform or cauliflorous fruits).LocationGlobal.TaxonAnnonaceae.MethodsWe used a fossil‐calibrated phylogenetic framework to infer the biogeographic history of 234 Annonaceae species (10%, covering nearly all genera) in relation to the evolution of 15 frugivory‐related traits, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences. Furthermore, we used linear and generalized linear models and phylogenetic simulations to test whether ancestral fruit traits during intercontinental dispersal were different from those of other lineages not involved in long‐distance dispersal.ResultsWe inferred the ancestral Annonaceae fruits to be small with a single or few small seeds and a small number of fruitlets. These fruits were most probably apocarpous, indehiscent and/or moniliform (i.e., long beads of fruitlets). Furthermore, most of the long‐distance dispersal events in Annonaceae occurred via the expanded tropical forests in the Early Cenozoic (“geodispersal”), and were significantly associated with large (c. 3 cm long), dull‐coloured fruits and short stipes. Additionally, long‐distance dispersal was also facilitated by dehiscent, moniliform and non‐cauliflorous fruits.Main conclusionsWe suggest that the evolution of frugivory‐related traits associated with dispersal by frugivores that frequently move across large distances and/or barriers, such as large‐bodied mammals and strong‐flying birds, has contributed to the disjunct tropical biogeographical distribution of Annonaceae, and probably of tropical rain forest plants more generally.
Preschool family irregularity and the development of sleep problems in childhood: a longitudinal study
Authors: Koopman‐Verhoeff Maria Elisabeth , Serdarevic Fadila , Kocevska Desana , Bodrij F. Fenne , Mileva‐Seitz Viara R. , Reiss Irwin , Hillegers Manon H.J. , Tiemeier Henning , Cecil Charlotte A.M. , Verhulst Frank C. , Luijk Maartje P.C.M. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that poor family environments are related to more sleep problems; however, little is known about how family irregularity in early life affects the development of sleep problems over childhood using objective sleep measures. The current study tests the hypothesis that early family irregularity contributes to the development of sleep problems.MethodsThis population‐based study comprises 5,443 children from the Generation R Study. Family irregularity was measured with seven maternal‐reported questions on family routines when children were 2 and 4 years old. Mothers reported on sleep problems at child age 3, 6, and 10 years, whereas children completed questionnaires on sleep problems at age 10. Additionally, we used tri‐axial wrist accelerometers for five nights in 851 children (mean age 11.7 years) to assess sleep objectively.ResultsFamily irregularity was associated with more mother‐ and child‐reported sleep problems at ages 3, 6, and 10 years as well as with a shorter sleep duration and later objective sleep onset, but not with sleep efficiency or waking time. The association between family irregularity and multi‐informant subjective sleep problems at age 10 years was mediated by mother‐reported child psychopathology at age 6 years.ConclusionsOur findings show a long‐term robust association of preschool family irregularity with more sleep problems during childhood as well as shorter sleep duration and later sleep onset as measured objectively with actigraphy. In part, these sleep problems were associated with family irregularity by way of child psychopathology. These findings suggest that interventions improving preschool family irregularity, which are targeted to reduce child psychopathology, may also impact the development of sleep problems beneficially.
Function, Survival, and Care Utilization Among Older Adults With Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: DuMontier Clark , Liu Michael A. , Murillo Anays , Hshieh Tammy , Javedan Houman , Soiffer Robert , Stone Richard M. , Driver Jane A. , Abel Gregory A. 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESCancer‐focused organizations now recommend routine assessment of instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs) for all older patients with cancer, along with assessment of basic activities of daily living (ADLs) if possible. However, little is known regarding the role of iADLs in predicting survival and acute‐care utilization in populations of older adults with different hematologic malignancies.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSA screening geriatric assessment was conducted for adults 75 years and older with hematologic malignancies (n = 464) presenting for initial consultation at a large tertiary cancer hospital in Boston, MA.MEASUREMENTSUnivariable and multivariable analyses assessed the association of dependency in ADLs and dependency in iADLs with survival and care utilization (emergency department [ED] visits and unplanned hospitalizations).RESULTSSubjects were a mean age of 79.7 years and had a mean follow‐up of 13.8 months. Overall, 11.4% had dependency in ADLs and 26.7% had dependency in iADLs. Only iADL dependency was associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio = 2.34 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46‐3.74]) independently of age, comorbidity, cancer aggressiveness, and treatment intensity. The effect was dose dependent, and impairments in shopping, meal preparation, and housework were all independently associated with a higher hazard of death. iADL dependency was also associated with higher odds of ED visits (odds ratio [OR] = 2.76 [95% CI = 1.30‐5.84]) and hospitalizations (OR = 2.89 [95% CI = 1.37‐6.09]). Several geriatric domain impairments, including probable cognitive impairment and physical dysfunction, were associated with iADL dependency.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that older adults with hematologic malignancies and iADL dependency experience higher mortality and acute‐care utilization, arguing that iADLs should be formally assessed as part of routine oncology care. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:889–897, 2019.