bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in total fat and fatty acid intakes and chronic health conditions in Korean adults over 2007–2015
Authors: Song SuJin , Shim Jae Eun , Song Won O 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate trends in total fat and fatty acid intakes and chronic health conditions among Korean adults over nine years between 2007 and 2015.DesignCross-sectional, observational study using a stratified, multistage probability sampling design at a national level. Intakes of total fat and fatty acids were estimated from 24 h dietary recalls by sex and age groups. Trends of total fat and fatty acid intakes were determined by multiple linear regression after adjusting for covariates. Trends in age-standardized prevalence of obesity, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriacylglycerolaemia were examined by sex.SettingKorea.ParticipantsPopulation data of 47749 healthy adults (aged ≥19 years) derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2015.ResultsOver the survey period, daily intakes of energy and total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, n-3 and n-6 fats (grams and percentage of energy (%E)) increased steadily. In all sex and age groups, significant increases were seen in SFA intake from 9·9 g (4·7 %E) to 12·0 g (5·3 %E) and in MUFA intake from 9·9 g (4·6 %E) to 13·3 g (5·8 %E). The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia increased from 10·7 to 17·9 % over the same period.ConclusionsIn Korean adults, total fat, SFA and other fatty acids have been increasing along with the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia. This information can help set adequate macronutrient and fatty acid distribution ranges in developing population-specific preventive strategies against diet-related illness.
An anthropometry-based equation of fat mass percentage as a valid discriminator of obesity
Authors: Castro-Porras Lilia V , Rojas-Russell Mario E , Villanueva-Sánchez Javier , López-Cervantes Malaquías 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a new predictive equation for fat mass percentage (%FM) based on anthropometric measurements and to assess its ability to discriminate between obese and non-obese individuals.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingMexican adults.ParticipantsAdults (n275; 181 women) aged 20–63 years with BMI between 17·4 and 42·4 kg/m2.ResultsThirty-seven per cent of our sample was obese using %FM measured by air-displacement plethysmography (BOD POD®; Life Measurement Instruments). The fat mass was computed from the difference between weight and fat-free mass (FFM). FFM was estimated using an equation obtained previously in the study from weight, height and sex of the individuals. The %FM estimated from the obtained FFM showed a sensitivity of 90·3 (95 % CI 86·8, 93·8) % and a specificity of 58·0 (95 % CI 52·1, 63·8) % in the diagnosis of obesity. Ninety-three per cent of participants with obesity and 65 % of participants without obesity were correctly classified.ConclusionsThe anthropometry-based equation obtained in the present study could be used as a screening tool in clinical and epidemiological studies not only to estimate the %FM, but also to discriminate the obese condition in populations with similar characteristics to the participant sample.
Debugging Non-ground ASP Programs: Technique and Graphical Tools
Authors: DODARO CARMINE , GASTEIGER PHILIP , REALE KRISTIAN , RICCA FRANCESCO , SCHEKOTIHIN KONSTANTIN 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnswer set programming (ASP) is one of the major declarative programming paradigms in the area of logic programming and non-monotonic reasoning. Despite that ASP features a simple syntax and an intuitive semantics, errors are common during the development of ASP programs. In this paper we propose a novel debugging approach allowing for interactive localization of bugs in non-ground programs. The new approach points the user directly to a set of non-ground rules involved in the bug, which might be refined (up to the point in which the bug is easily identified) by asking the programmer a sequence of questions on an expected answer set. The approach has been implemented on top of the ASP solver wasp. The resulting debugger has been complemented by a user-friendly graphical interface, and integrated in aspide, a rich integrated development environment (IDE) for answer set programs. In addition, an empirical analysis shows that the new debugger is not affected by the grounding blowup limiting the application of previous approaches based on meta-programming.
Long-term prevalence and predictors of prolonged grief disorder amongst bereaved cancer caregivers: A cohort study
Authors: Zordan Rachel D. , Bell Melanie L. , Price Melanie , Remedios Cheryl , Lobb Elizabeth , Hall Christopher , Hudson Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContextThe short-term impact of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) following bereavement is well documented. The longer term sequelae of PGD however are poorly understood, possibly unrecognized, and may be incorrectly attributed to other mental health disorders and hence undertreated.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to prospectively evaluate the prevalence of PGD three years post bereavement and to examine the predictors of long-term PGD in a population-based cohort of bereaved cancer caregivers.MethodsA cohort of primary family caregivers of patients admitted to one of three palliative care services in Melbourne, Australia, participated in the study (n= 301). Sociodemographic, mental health, and bereavement-related data were collected from the caregiver upon the patient's admission to palliative care (T1). Further data addressing circumstances around the death and psychological health were collected at six (T2,n= 167), 13 (T3,n= 143), and 37 months (T4,n= 85) after bereavement.ResultsAt T4, 5% and 14% of bereaved caregivers met criteria for PGD and subthreshold PGD, respectively. Applying the total PGD score at T4, linear regression analysis found preloss anticipatory grief measured at T1 and self-reported coping measured at T2 were highly statistically significant predictors (bothp< 0.0001) of PGD in the longer term.ConclusionFor almost 20% of caregivers, the symptoms of PGD appear to persist at least three years post bereavement. These findings support the importance of screening caregivers upon the patient's admission to palliative care and at six months after bereavement to ascertain their current mental health. Ideally, caregivers at risk of developing PGD can be identified and treated before PGD becomes entrenched.
American Muslim Political Participation: Between Diversity and Cohesion
Authors: Chouhoud Youssef , Dana Karam , Barreto Matt 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAmerican Muslims’ increased societal salience has led to greater scrutiny of their political and social attitudes. Yet, systematic analyses of this population remain rare and tend to aggregate findings at a level that masks the community's diverse backgrounds and experiences. As a partial corrective, our paper provides a comprehensive demographic analysis of American Muslim political participation. Our conclusions, first, complement previous efforts to elaborate the influence of minority status on the core determinants of political participation. Second, they highlight the differential impact of these determinants within key American Muslim demographic subgroups, revealing the moderating effects of denomination, racial or ethnic background, and gender. As scholars and practitioners seek to better understand Muslims in America, our research suggests that there are myriad circumstances when this community's presumed cohesion gives way to meaningfully diverse perspectives and behaviors.
Quantitative Assessment of Radiation Belt Modeling
Authors: Tu Weichao , Li Wen , Albert J. M. , Morley S. K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe “Quantitative Assessment of Radiation Belt Modeling” focus group was in place at Geospace Environment Modeling from 2014 to 2018. The overarching goals of this focus group were to bring together the current state‐of‐the‐art models for the acceleration, transport, and loss processes in Earth's radiation belts; develop event‐specific and global inputs of wave, plasma, and magnetic field to drive these models; and combine all these components to achieve a quantitative assessment of radiation belt modeling by validating against contemporary radiation belt measurements. This article briefly reviews the current understanding of radiation belt dynamics and related modeling efforts, summarizes the activities and accomplishments of the focus group, and discusses future directions.
Water Masses and Ocean Currents Over the Continental Slope off Northern Baja California
Authors: Kurczyn J. A. , Pérez‐Brunius P. , López M. , Candela J. , Delgadillo‐Hinojosa F. , García‐Mendoza E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOcean currents and thermohaline properties over the continental slope off northern Baja California are analyzed with data collected between 2008 and 2012. The data set is composed of 3‐year‐long time series of two moorings with current meter profilers and one chain of conductivity‐temperature‐depths, as well as data collected during 13 synoptic hydrographic surveys. The upper layer (<100 m) was characterized by low salinity Subarctic Waters. Geostrophic velocities suggest that waters of the lighter layer are advected equatorward by near‐surface flows. Below 50 m, poleward flow dominates, so the denser Subarctic Waters recirculates back north along the slope. The combination of geostrophic velocities derived from the hydrographic surveys and the current meter data confirm the presence of the California Undercurrent (CUC), a narrow subsurface poleward flow with a high‐velocity core confined to the continental slope. Mean core speeds were 12–15 cm/s at an average depth of ~150 m. Below the CUC, the core of spicy North Pacific Equatorial Water (NPEW) was found at a mean depth of ~200 m. The analysis of the continuous time series provides strong evidence of the seasonal signal in speed, spiciness, and depth of the CUC and NPEW cores, with a time resolution unprecedented to date. Most of the variance of water mass and flow properties is explained by the annual cycle. The phase shift between the depth of the NPEW core and the strength of the CUC suggests that remotely generated Kelvin waves are responsible for the seasonal variability observed off northern Baja California.
Intensified Precipitation Seasonality Reduces Soil Inorganic N Content in a Subtropical Forest: Greater Contribution of Leaching Loss Than N2O Emissions
Authors: Chen Jie , Kuzyakov Yakov , Jenerette G. Darrel , Xiao Guoliang , Liu Wei , Wang Zhengfeng , Shen Weijun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSoil nitrogen (N) loss has been predicted to intensify with increased global precipitation changes. However, the relative contributions of leaching and gaseous N emissions to intensified N losses are largely unknown. Thus, we simulated intensified precipitation seasonality in a subtropical forest by extending the dry season via rainfall exclusion and increasing the wet‐season storms via irrigation without changing the total annual precipitation. Extending the dry season length increased the monthly mean soil NO3− content by 25%–64%, net N mineralization rate by 32%–40%, and net nitrification rate by 25%–28%. After adding water in the wet season, the monthly NO3− leaching was enhanced by 43% in the relatively dry year (2013, 2,094‐mm annual rainfall), but reduced by 51% in the relatively wet year (2014, 1,551 mm). In contrast, the monthly mean N2O emissions were reduced by 24% in 2013 but increased by 78% in 2014. Overall, the annual inorganic N content was decreased significantly by the precipitation changes. Decrease of soil inorganic N might be linked to the enhanced NO3− leaching in 2013, and be linked to the increased N2O emissions in 2014. However, in both years the annual total amount of N lost through leaching was significantly greater than that through N2O emissions. The enhanced N2O emissions driven by wet‐season storms were correlated with an increase in nirS abundance. Our results suggest that increased frequency of droughts and storms will decrease soil inorganic N content in warm and humid subtropical forests mainly through enhanced leaching losses.
Convergent evolution of semiochemicals across Kingdoms: bark beetles and their fungal symbionts
Authors: Zhao Tao , Ganji Suresh , Schiebe Christian , Bohman Björn , Weinstein Philip , Krokene Paal , Borg-Karlson Anna-Karin , Unelius C Rikard 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Convergent evolution of semiochemical use in organisms from different Kingdoms is a rarely described phenomenon. Tree-killing bark beetles vector numerous symbiotic blue-stain fungi that help the beetles colonize healthy trees. Here we show for the first time that some of these fungi are able to biosynthesize bicyclic ketals that are pheromones and other semiochemicals of bark beetles. Volatile emissions of five common bark beetle symbionts were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. When grown on fresh Norway spruce bark the fungi emitted three well-known bark beetle aggregation pheromones and semiochemicals (exo-brevicomin, endo-brevicomin and trans-conophthorin) and two structurally related semiochemical candidates (exo-1,3-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and endo-1,3-dimethyl-2,9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) that elicited electroantennogram responses in the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. When grown on malt agar with 13C d-Glucose, the fungus Grosmannia europhioides incorporated 13C into exo-brevicomin and trans-conophthorin. The enantiomeric compositions of the fungus-produced ketals closely matched those previously reported from bark beetles. The production of structurally complex bark beetle pheromones by symbiotic fungi indicates cross-kingdom convergent evolution of signal use in this system. This signaling is susceptible to disruption, providing potential new targets for pest control in conifer forests and plantations.
LXRα promotes cell metastasis by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang KeShan , Xu TianBo , Ruan HaiLong , Xiao HaiBing , Liu Jingchong , Song ZhengShuai , Cao Qi , Bao Lin , Liu Di , Wang Cheng , Cheng Gong , Liang HuaGeng , Chen ZhaoHui , Yang HongMei , Chen Ke , Zhang XiaoPing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNotwithstanding the researches on biomarkers and targeted therapies in renal cell carcinomas (RCC) have made progress in the last decades, the application of the biomarkers and targeted therapy agents for RCC in clinic are restricted because of their limitation or side effects. Liver X receptors (LXRs) and the NLRP3 inflammasome have been the research hotspots in recent years. In our study, we integrated bioinformatics analysis, molecular biology experiments and biological function experiments to study the roles of LXRα and the NLRP3 inflammasome in RCC. The study demonstrated that the elevated LXRα expression is correlated with a poor prognosis in RCC. Furthermore, our study revealed the expression levels and roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome in RCC for the first time. This research demonstrated that LXRα could promote the metastasis of RCC cells by suppressing the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In Brief, LXRα had the possibility to be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in renal cell cancer and LXRα could regulate the metastasis of renal cell cancer via NLRP3 inflammamsome.
MKK3 modulates JNK-dependent cell migration and invasion
Authors: Sun Yihao , zhang Di , Guo Xiaowei , Li Wenzhe , Li Chenglin , Luo Jingjing , Zhou Mingcheng , Xue Lei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays essential roles in regulating a variety of physiological processes including cell migration and invasion. To identify critical factors that regulate JNK-dependent cell migration, we carried out a genetic screen inDrosophilabased on the loss-of-cell polarity-triggered cell migration in the wing epithelia, and identifiedMKK3 licorne(lic) as an essential regulator of JNK-mediated cell migration and invasion. We found that loss oflicsuppressedptc > scrib-IRorptc > Egr triggered cell migration in the wing epithelia, andRasv12/lgl−/−induced tumor invasion in the eye discs. In addition, ectopic expression of Lic is sufficient to induce JNK-mediated but p38-independent cell migration, and cooperate with oncogenic Ras to promote tumor invasion. Consistently, Lic is able to activate JNK signaling by phosphorylating JNK, which up-regulates the matrix metalloproteinase MMP1 and integrin, characteristics of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover,licis required for physiological JNK-mediate cell migration in thorax development. Finally, expression of human MKK3 inDrosophilais able to initiate JNK-mediated cell migration, cooperates with oncogenic Ras to trigger tumor invasion, and rescue loss-of-licinduced thorax closure defect. As previous studies suggest that MKK3 specifically phosphorylates and activates p38MAPK, our data provide the first in vivo evidence that MKK3 regulates JNK-dependent cell migration and invasion, a process evolutionarily conserved from flies to human.
PLOD3 suppression exerts an anti-tumor effect on human lung cancer cells by modulating the PKC-delta signaling pathway
Authors: Baek Jeong-Hwa , Yun Hong Shik , Kwon Gyoo Taik , Lee Janet , Kim Ju-Young , Jo Yunhui , Cho Jae-Min , Lee Chang-Woo , Song Jie-Young , Ahn Jiyeon , Kim Jae-Sung , Kim Eun Ho , Hwang Sang-Gu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCurrent lung cancer treatments are far from satisfactory; thus, finding novel treatment targets is crucial. We recently identified procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 3 (PLOD3), which is involved in fibrosis and tissue remodeling as a radioresistance-related protein in lung cancer cells; however, its mechanism is unclear. In this study, we designed human PLOD3-specific short interfering (si)RNAs and tested their effects on tumor growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. PLOD3 knockdown overcame chemoresistance and decreased radioresistance by inducing caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, PLOD3 interacted with PKCδ to activate caspase-2,4-dependent apoptosis through ER-stress-induced IRE1α activation and the downstream unfolded-protein response pathway. In a mouse xenograft model, PLOD3 knockdown promoted radiation-induced tumor growth inhibition, without side effects. Moreover, lung cancer patients with high PLOD3 expression showed poorer prognosis than those with low PLOD3 expression upon radiotherapy, suggesting that PLOD3 promotes tumor growth. Therefore, PLOD3 siRNA suppresses radioresistance and chemoresistance by inducing apoptosis and renders PLOD3 as a candidate lung cancer biomarker. PLOD3 gene therapy might enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy or chemotherapy in lung cancer patients.
Quantification of frequency-dependent genetic architectures in 25 UK Biobank traits reveals action of negative selection
Authors: Schoech Armin P. , Jordan Daniel M. , Loh Po-Ru , Gazal Steven , O’Connor Luke J. , Balick Daniel J. , Palamara Pier F. , Finucane Hilary K. , Sunyaev Shamil R. , Price Alkes L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the role of rare variants is important in elucidating the genetic basis of human disease. Negative selection can cause rare variants to have larger per-allele effect sizes than common variants. Here, we develop a method to estimate the minor allele frequency (MAF) dependence of SNP effect sizes. We use a model in which per-allele effect sizes have variance proportional to [p(1 − p)]α, wherepis the MAF and negative values ofαimply larger effect sizes for rare variants. We estimateαfor 25 UK Biobank diseases and complex traits. All traits produce negativeαestimates, with best-fit mean of –0.38 (s.e. 0.02) across traits. Despite larger rare variant effect sizes, rare variants (MAF < 1%) explain less than 10% of total SNP-heritability for most traits analyzed. Using evolutionary modeling and forward simulations, we validate theαmodel of MAF-dependent trait effects and assess plausible values of relevant evolutionary parameters.
Stable radical anions generated from a porous perylenediimide metal-organic framework for boosting near-infrared photothermal conversion
Authors: Lü Baozhong , Chen Yifa , Li Pengyu , Wang Bo , Müllen Klaus , Yin Meizhen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRadical anions of electron-deficient systems are widely used, but are easily reoxidized upon exposure to air. Therefore, the stabilization of radical anions under ambient conditions is of great significance, but still remains a scientific challenge. Herein, perylenediimide is employed to prepare a crystalline metal-organic framework for stabilizing radical anions without extensive chemical modification. The porous, three-dimensional framework of perylenediimide can trap electron donors such as amine vapors and produce radical anions in-situ through photo-induced electron transfer. The radical anions are protected against quenching by shielding effect in air and remain unobstructed in air for at least a month. Because of the high yield and stability of the radical anions, which are the basis for near-infrared photothermal conversion, the framework shows high near-infrared photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 52.3%). The work provides an efficient and simple method towards ambient stable radical anions and affords a promising material for photothermal therapy.
Barcoding reveals complex clonal behavior in patient-derived xenografts of metastatic triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Merino D. , Weber T. S. , Serrano A. , Vaillant F. , Liu K. , Pal B. , Di Stefano L. , Schreuder J. , Lin D. , Chen Y. , Asselin-Labat M. L. , Schumacher T. N. , Cameron D. , Smyth G. K. , Papenfuss A. T. , Lindeman G. J. , Visvader J. E. , Naik S. H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrimary triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are prone to dissemination but sub-clonal relationships between tumors and resulting metastases are poorly understood. Here we use cellular barcoding of two treatment-naïve TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) to track the spatio-temporal fate of thousands of barcoded clones in primary tumors, and their metastases. Tumor resection had a major impact on reducing clonal diversity in secondary sites, indicating that most disseminated tumor cells lacked the capacity to ‘seed’, hence originated from ‘shedders’ that did not persist. The few clones that continued to grow after resection i.e. ‘seeders’, did not correlate in frequency with their parental clones in primary tumors. Cisplatin treatment of one BRCA1-mutated PDX model to non-palpable levels had a surprisingly minor impact on clonal diversity in the relapsed tumor yet purged 50% of distal clones. Therefore, clonal features of shedding, seeding and drug resistance are important factors to consider for the design of therapeutic strategies.