bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the development of equivalent medium for active implantable device radiofrequency safety assessment
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Qingyan , Liu Jingshen , Zeng Qi , Zheng Jianfeng , Kainz Wolfgang , Chen Ji 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo develop the equivalent medium theorem that can be used to perform accurate evaluation of implantable device safety under MRI exposure.MethodsNumerical methods were used to determine the equivalent medium parameters along clinically relevant trajectories inside a human body model. Additionally, numerical and experimental investigations were performed using both a computational human body model and an inhomogeneous phantom to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.ResultsThe equivalent medium parameters, which are determined from a simplified lead configuration, are independent of the lead types and lead design parameters and only depend on the lead trajectories. Experimental investigations using an inhomogeneous phantom showed excellent agreement between the computational predicted values and the direct measured temperature rises indicating the effectiveness and accuracy of this method.ConclusionFor the models based on multiple patient trajectories studied, it demonstrates that the equivalent medium theorem is valid for leads of different types and designs, as long as the lead trajectories are determined.
A prospective observational cohort study of the Ajust® single incision sling performed under conscious sedation with local infiltration
Authors: Engberts Marian K. , Schweitzer Karlijn J. , van Eijndhoven Hugo W. F. , Cromheecke Geert‐Jan , Naber Harry R. , Huub van der Vaart C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the adjustable single‐incision sling (Ajust®) in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), when placed under conscious sedation with local infiltration, using the cough test during surgery.MethodsIn this multicenter observational study, 90 women who had moderate to severe SUI, were asked to have the Ajust® procedure performed under sedation with local infiltration with levobupivacain. This allowed for a perioperative cough test to adjust the sling to the urethra till continence was reached. The primary outcome of the study was subjective cure of stress incontinence at 1 year follow up. Secondary objectives were objective and subjective improvement, complications during and after the procedure, and postoperative pain scores. These results were compared with the results of a historical control group of 96 patients who received their Ajust® under general or regional (spinal) anesthesia.ResultsAt 6 weeks and 12 months, there were no statistical significant differences in the results for subjective cure (83.6% and 71.6% sedation group, 88.4% and 77.2% general/regional anesthesia group), objective cure (96% and 86.9% sedation group, 88.1% and 91.8% general/regional anesthesia group), de novo urgency (10.5% and 6.7% sedation group, 7.1% and 24.1% general/regional anesthesia group) and the patients global impression of improvement (96% and 89.2% sedation group, 91.4% and 84.4% general/regional anesthesia group).ConclusionThe performance of a cough test during the placement of an adjustable single‐incision sling for the treatment of SUI does not affect the functional outcome, and is therefore not necessary.
Acute spinal cord injury is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse urothelium
Authors: Kullmann Aura F. , Truschel Steven T. , Wolf‐Johnston Amanda S. , McDonnell Bronagh M. , Lynn A. M. , Kanai Anthony John , Kessler Thomas M. , Apodaca Gerard , Birder Lori A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo characterize the effects of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) on mitochondrial morphology and function in bladder urothelium and to test the therapeutic efficacy of early treatment with the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant, MitoTempo.MethodsWe used a mouse model of acute SCI by spinal cord transection between the T8‐T9 vertebrae with or without MitoTempo delivery at the time of injury followed by tissue processing at 3 days after SCI. Control, SCI, and SCI‐MitoTempo‐treated mice were compared in all experimental conditions. Assessments included analysis of markers of mitochondrial health including accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), morphological changes in the ultrastructure of mitochondria by transmission electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis to quantify protein levels of markers for autophagy and altered mitochondrial dynamics.ResultsSCI resulted in an increase in oxidative stress markers and ROS production, confirming mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria from SCI mice developed large electron‐dense inclusions and these aberrant mitochondria accumulated throughout the cytoplasm suggesting an inability to clear dysfunctional mitochondria by mitophagy. SCI mice also exhibited elevated levels of dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1), consistent with a disruption of mitochondrial dynamics. Remarkably, treatment with MitoTempo reversed many of the SCI‐induced abnormalities that we observed.ConclusionsAcute SCI negatively and severely affects mitochondrial health of bladder urothelium. Early treatment of SCI with MitoTempo may be a viable therapeutic agent to mitigate these deleterious effects.
New data about the consumption of fish from the Alsace Region, France
Authors: Borvon Aurélia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study provides an overview of 11 archaeological sites that yielded fish bone remains from the Roman period through medieval to modern contexts. It brings new knowledge about the consumption of fish for the Alsace region. Although the numbers of remains vary greatly, some diachronic comparisons are possible. The majority of the species represented in the assemblages from the inland sites sampled were freshwater fishes, together with a few migratory fishes. Most individuals were small‐sized fishes, which may explain the type of structure analysed, for instance, latrines. Two wels catfish vertebrae indicate the presence of this species in France. European marine fishes such as cod and flatfish are very rare, and the importation of marine fish began more recently. However, some herring bones found in the Roman and early medieval period make a straightforward interpretation more difficult.
Freshwater fishing at the Neolithic site of Rakushechny Yar
Authors: Zabilska‐Kunek Mirosława 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe multilayer settlement site of Rakushechny Yar is located at the northwestern end of an island on the Lower Don River, Rostow region, Russia. It is one of the earliest Neolithic sites in the region, dating from the 7th to the 6th millennia cal BC. During the excavation of the settlement, numerous fish remains were found. To gain an impression of the fish species caught, the largest assemblages, recovered during recent excavations, from the Early Neolithic layers and one pit dated to the middle of the 6th millennia cal BC were analysed.The fish remains were quantified and total fish lengths were estimated. This revealed the relative importance of particular species, with wels catfish (Silurus glanis) being especially well‐represented, and additionally provided insight into the possible fishing methods employed and season of capture. The data demonstrate that the assemblage was dominated by the remains of freshwater species that could have been fished in the Lower Don River nearby. The spring and summer seasons were probably the most favourable time for capture, although fishing could also have been conducted throughout the year.
Metatarsal torsion in humans and footwear type
Authors: Drapeau Michelle S.M. , Forgues‐Marceau Judith 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetatarsal torsion has been hypothesized to be a plastic trait that can be influenced by the type of shoes worn in human populations. Wearing stiff‐sole shoes tend to result in narrower feet and higher longitudinal arches. These modifications are expected to translate into less torsion of the hallucal metatarsal but greater torsion of the four lateral metatarsals. In addition, there is some evidence that women have higher arches than men, so women are expected to have greater torsion of the lateral four metatarsals. To test these hypotheses, this paper compares men and women from two archaeological populations, Amerinds and Eurocanadians, that are documented to have worn very different shoe types, soft moccasins for the former and hard‐sole leather shoes or wooden clogs for the latter. First, we test for sexual differences within both populations, and, second, we compare the two populations. Our results show no significant differences between men and women. The similarity in torsional values for males and females is explained by the very small arch height difference documented in modern populations, a difference that is likely too small to translate into significantly different torsional values. However, the two populations had significantly different torsional values in the direction expected from the effect of wearing stiff‐sole shoes for all metatarsals except the second. The lack of differences of the second metatarsal is explained by its “keystone” position in the transverse arch of the foot; the foot shape modification brought about by wearing stiff shoes does not alter the orientation of the second metatarsals base, only raising it higher. As a consequence, torsional values for that metatarsal do not differ despite arch height differences. This study shows that metatarsal torsion values, at the population level, can inform on the type of footwear worn by past populations.
Microcomputed tomography and genetic analysis of a rare case of Caffey's disease in a 5–7‐month‐old girl
Authors: Lombardo Daniela , Modi Alessandra , Vergata Chiara , Caramelli David , Pascart Tristan , Bertrand Benoit , Vetro Annalisa , Lari Martina , Colard Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAncient human remains provided precious information about the health and disease of individuals from the past. Usually, diagnosis and assessment of the paleopathological remains were performed using RX analysis, tomography, and histology. However, thanks to the progress in ancient DNA recovery and sequencing, genetic information can used to support the diagnoses performed using classical approach. Here, we described the paleopathological remains of a 5 to 7‐month infant, excavated from Saint‐Jacques church (Douai, France), dated from 16th to 18th century. The skeleton displayed bone lesions, consisting in a massive corticoperiosteal thickening with subperiosteal new bone formation. To investigate the pathological condition of the remains, we applied a combined approach using both microcomputed tomography and paleogenetic analysis. Among several pathologies, we proposed a potential diagnosis of Caffey's disease (Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis, ICH), a rare genetic infantile pathology that causes a massive subperiosteal new bone formation in some diagnostic skeletal districts. Association of the disease with the COL1A1 gene on chromosome 17q21 has been highlighted in several familial cases, whereas other evidences suggest genetic heterogeneity of ICH. Although the osteological clinical picture was compatible with Caffey's disease, we did not find evidence of the mutated allele in COL1A1 gene, suggesting a diagnosis of ICH caused by a different genetic mutation. Our study represents one of the first documented historical case of Caffey's disease and highlights the contribution of paleopathological studies for a better knowledge of human diseases.
Archaeological and biometric perspectives on the development of chicken landraces in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Woldekiros Helina S. , D'Andrea A. Catherine , Thomas Richard , Foster Alison , Lebrasseur Ophelie , Miller Holly , Roberts James , Sykes Naomi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDomestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticusL., 1758) were integrated into agricultural systems in the Horn of Africa as early as the pre‐Aksumite period (c. 2,500 years ago), after they were introduced from Asia through land and maritime trade and exchange. In this paper, we explore the development of chicken landraces in this region by examining continuity and change in chicken body size. Specifically, we compare the measurements of chicken bones dating from 800 BCE to 400 BCE from the pre‐Aksumite site of Mezber in northern Ethiopia, with those of modern chickens (of known age and sex) from northern Ethiopia and a population of known age and sex cross‐bred red junglefowl (Gallus gallusL., 1758), curated at the Natural History Museum at Tring (UK). Considered together, these datasets provide insight into African poultry development and offer the first metrical baselines of chickens with known history in the region. Thus, this study has the potential to underpin future studies of domestic fowl morphology in Africa.
A French fish event at the turn of the 10th century? Environment, economy, and ethnicity in maritime Flanders
Authors: Oueslati Tarek 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent excavations in Northern France shed light on new trends in fishing between the 9th and 11th centuries AD. This paper presents the data from two sites characterized by the fishing of large gadids. These finds are contextualized within the broader synchronic regional context and the diachronic local context from the pre‐Roman period to medieval times. From this analysis, it becomes apparent that the sites from Saint‐Georges‐sur‐l'Aa and the neighbouring site of Craywick present innovative fishing tackle and capture grounds along a new type of architecture of the buildings. The skeletal profiles of fish but also of cattle show that the excavated areas were activity zones where butchering was taking place rather than consumption. Some unusual finds such as chopped and burnt fin whale bones and also the manufacture of an object from a rib of whale underline the innovative character of the site. The period around the 10th century seems to be a turning point in the evolution of the occupation of the southern shore of the Channel and hints towards similar changes taking place in Great Britain within the scope of the so‐called fish event horizon.
Sense of Coherence and the Association with Sociodemographics and Disability Related Factors in Persons with Late Effects of Polio
Authors: Nolvi Maria , Brogårdh Christina , Jacobsson Lars , Lexell Jan 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundSense of Coherence (SOC) is important for successful adaptation in persons with life‐long disabilities. A previous study has shown that persons with Late Effects of Polio (LEoP) have a level of SOC indicating that they generally have the ability to understand, handle, and have the motivation to deal with stressful events and problems arising in their lives. However, no study has explored the associations between SOC, sociodemographics, and disability‐related factors in persons with LEoP.ObjectiveTo explore the associations between SOC, sociodemographics, and disability‐related factors in persons with LEoP.DesignA cross‐sectional design.SettingUniversity hospital outpatient clinic.Study ParticipantsNinety‐three persons (mean age 74 years, 52% women) with LEoP.Main Outcome MeasurementsSwedish versions of the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC‐13), Self‐reported Impairments in Persons with Late Effects of Polio (SIPP) scale, Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNL‐I) (subscales “Daily Functioning” and “Perceptions of Self”), and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS).MethodsThe participants responded to a postal survey with background information and the four rating scales. To determine factors associated with SOC, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed with SOC as the dependent variable.ResultsHigher age, less bothered by symptoms of LEoP, better perceptions of self, and higher life satisfaction were significantly associated with a greater SOC score. The final model explained 60% of the variance in the SOC (R2 Adj = 0.60, P < .001).ConclusionsThe strong association between SOC, higher age, and disability‐related factors is important to consider in the rehabilitation of persons with LEoP. This knowledge can assist rehabilitation professionals to plan interventions that enable people with LEoP to develop strategies to better manage their daily life.Level of EvidenceIII.
Sequence composition versus sequence order in the cryoprotective function of an intrinsically disordered stress‐response protein
Authors: Palmer Sharall R. , De Villa Ray , Graether Steffen P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntrinsically disordered stress proteins have been shown to act as chaperones, protecting proteins from damage caused by stresses such as freezing and thawing. Dehydration proteins (dehydrins) are intrinsically disordered stress proteins that are found in almost all land plants. They consist of a variable number of the short, semi‐conserved, Y‐, S‐, and K‐segments, with longer stretches of poorly conserved sequences in between. Previous studies have provided conflicting views on the details of the dehydrin cryoprotective mechanism of enzymes. Experiments with polyethylene glycol (PEG) have shown that PEG cryoprotective efficiency is the same as dehydrins of the same hydrodynamic radius, suggesting that the protein's disordered and polar nature is important, rather than the specific order of the residues. To further elucidate the mechanism, we created scrambled variants of the wild grape dehydrins K2 and YSK2 and tested their ability to protect lactate dehydrogenase and yeast frataxin homolog‐1 from freeze/thaw damage. The results show that for preventing aggregation, it is the sequence composition and the size of the dehydrin that is the most important factor in protection, while for freeze/thaw damage causing loss of secondary structure, it is the sequence composition that is most significant.
Possible roles of fall speed parameters of different graupel densities on microphysics and electrification in an idealized thunderstorm
Authors: Ouyang Xiaoran , Yin Yan , Xiao Hui , Guo Fengxia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGraupel is often parametrized as “medium‐density” ice particles with a bulk density of 400 kg m−3 and corresponding fixed fall speed parameters in numerical models. In natural clouds, however, graupel has an extensive range of densities, and its fall speed is closely related to its density ρg. In this study, the possible responses of the microphysical and electrical structures of a simulated thunderstorm to varying ρg and its corresponding fall speed parameters were examined using the Advanced Research Weather and Forecasting Model (ARW‐WRF) with an explicit charging and discharge lightning scheme. Six sensitivity tests were performed with different ρg and corresponding fall speed parameters. ρg ranges from 350–850 kg m−3, to represent relatively low‐ (350, 450 kg m−3), medium‐ (550, 650 kg m−3), and high‐ (750, 850 kg m−3) density assumptions. In low‐density cases, the ice water path (IWP) could be comparable with the liquid water path (LWP), while the LWP exceeds the contribution of the IWP to the total water path (TWP) in high‐density cases. The results show that melting rates and precipitation were enhanced when ρg was increased from low to high values, resulting in a smaller size and lighter mean mass due to a shorter residence time and faster fall speed.Different assumptions about graupel density also resulted in different electrical structures in the simulated clouds. The clouds produced in the low‐ and medium‐density cases are mainly charged with conventional tripole or positive dipole structures, while the ones formed in the high‐density cases present “bottom‐heavy” tripole structures. The upper positive regions become weaker, with reduced negative noninductive charging rates, as graupel falls faster and less graupel is negatively charged at higher altitude. It is also found that a faster fall speed of graupel does not necessarily mean stronger flash density, although lightning activities are correlated with higher fall speed.
Note on global symmetry and SYK model
Authors: Liu Junyu , Zhou Yehao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe goal of this note is to explore the behavior of effective action in the SYK model with general continuous global symmetries. A global symmetry will decompose the whole Hamiltonian of a many-body system to several single charge sectors. For the SYK model, the effective action near the saddle point is given as the free product of the Schwarzian action part and the free action of the group element moving in the group manifold. With a detailed analysis in the free sigma model, we prove a modified version of Peter-Weyl theorem that works for generic spin structure. As a conclusion, we could make a comparison between the thermodynamics and the spectral form factors between the whole theory and the single charge sector, to make predictions on the SYK model and see how symmetry affects the chaotic behavior in certain timescales.
Modified PDMS packaging of sensory e-textile circuit microsystems for improved robustness with washing
Authors: Ojuroye Olivia , Torah Russel , Beeby Steve 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElectronic Textiles (e-textiles) should ideally be handled and cleaned like traditional textiles. Therefore, we can expect e-textiles to be machine washed or hand washed. As e-textiles enhance traditional fabrics with electronic functionality, any embedded microsystem i.e., flexible electronic circuits, will be expected to survive and show functionality after the e-textile has been washed multiple times to ensure the garment is practical. Therefore, the choice of encapsulation material for microsystems in a textile must be hydrophobic and offer minimal expansion when washed and ensure the electronics are undetectable when the textile is handled or cleaned. This paper evaluates five different base/curing agent mixing ratios—5:1, 7:1, 10:1, 15:1, and 20:1—of commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as an electronic packaging encapsulation. Contact angle and aqueous permeability experiments were conducted to tailor the PDMS mixture specifically for washable e-textile applications. The experimental results show that 20:1 PDMS is the most suitable as it is sufficiently hydrophobic with minimal swelling in commercial washing machine trials. Following this, a 40.3 µm-thick 20:1 conformal encapsulation of PDMS upon an touch and proximity flexible circuit that can be integrated into textiles via knitting and/or weaving, was examined. Results show the washing spin speed is a crucial factor with washing cycle duration having minimal impact when determining circuit functionality survival. Overall, the e-textiles in this work survived between 10 and 15 washes with microscopic inspection of the circuits revealing failure of the external wires but not the PDMS encapsulation—suggesting its sufficient robustness and durability as a suitable encapsulation material for washable electronic textiles.
New Riemann–Liouville fractional Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for harmonically convex functions
Authors: Şanlı Zeynep , Kunt Mehmet , Köroğlu Tuncay 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we proved two new Riemann–Liouville fractional Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities for harmonically convex functions using the left and right fractional integrals independently. Also, we have two new Riemann–Liouville fractional trapezoidal type identities for differentiable functions. Using these identities, we obtained some new trapezoidal type inequalities for harmonically convex functions. Our results generalize the results given by İşcan (Hacet J Math Stat 46(6):935–942, 2014).