bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Celebrating trailblazing women: Soar, Elinor lesson plan
Authors: Weber Carolyn Ann 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use Soar, Elinor, a 2011 NCSS notable trade book, to teach a short unit on remarkable women in traditionally male dominated fields. Students will research trailblazing women, create a project to teach others about their chosen trailblazer and represent their choice at a trailblazing women banquet.

Design/methodology/approach
Students will be supported in their research into trailblazing women through reading books about women who struggled to realize their dreams of succeeding in difficult professions.

Findings
This lesson plan gives students an opportunity to investigate the struggles of women throughout history to enter male dominated professions.

Originality/value
The value of this lesson plans is to provide students an opportunity to study women who have made a difference through breaking down barriers. Students will be able to learn about a variety of different women, who are not often studied in social studies classes.
Clinical differences between segmental nevus depigmentosus and segmental vitiligo
Authors: Roh Dongyoung , Shin Kihyuk , Kim Woo‐Il , Yang Min‐Young , Lee Won‐Ku , Kim Gun‐Wook , Kim Hoon-Soo , Ko Hyun‐Chang , Kim Byung‐Soo , Kim Moon‐Bum 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSegmental nevus depigmentosus and segmental vitiligo can be difficult to differentiate from each other. Differential diagnosis of these two diseases is important because they have significantly different prognoses and psychological effects. The purpose of this study is to identify clinical clues that may be helpful in differentiating these two diseases. We enrolled 63 patients with segmental nevus depigmentosus and 149 patients with segmental vitiligo. Sex, age of onset, sites involved, dermatomal distribution, margin of lesion and presence of poliosis were evaluated in both groups. The age of onset was less than 10 years in 96.8% of segmental nevus depigmentosus and 28.9% of segmental vitiligo cases. Trunk (36.5%) and cervical (38.1%) dermatomes were the most commonly involved in segmental nevus depigmentosus and face (67.1%) and trigeminal (64.4%) dermatomes in segmental vitiligo. The average number of dermatomes involved in truncal lesions was different in segmental nevus depigmentosus and segmental vitiligo (2.71 vs 1.62, P = 0.001). Segmental vitiligo on the face, neck and trunk appeared closer to the axis than segmental nevus depigmentosus (P < 0.001). Segmental nevus depigmentosus and segmental vitiligo showed significantly different margins (90.5% and 41.6% serrated, respectively; P < 0.001). We observed clinical differences between patients with segmental nevus depigmentosus and those with segmental vitiligo. Distribution (site, distance to axis, dermatome), vertical width, margin of lesion and presence of poliosis can be helpful in differentiating segmental nevus depigmentosus and segmental vitiligo.
Not all surveillance data are created equal—A multi‐method dynamic occupancy approach to determine rabies elimination from wildlife
Authors: Davis Amy J. , Kirby Jordona D. , Chipman Richard B. , Nelson Kathleen M. , Xifara Tatiana , Webb Colleen T. , Wallace Ryan , Gilbert Amy T. , Pepin Kim M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

A necessary component of elimination programmes for wildlife disease is effective surveillance. The ability to distinguish between disease freedom and non‐detection can mean the difference between a successful elimination campaign and new epizootics. Understanding the contribution of different surveillance methods helps to optimize and better allocate effort and develop more effective surveillance programmes.

We evaluated the probability of rabies virus elimination (disease freedom) in an enzootic area with active management using dynamic occupancy modelling of 10 years of raccoon rabies virus (RABV) surveillance data (2006–2015) collected from three states in the eastern United States. We estimated detection probability of RABV cases for each surveillance method (e.g. strange acting reports, roadkill, surveillance‐trapped animals, nuisance animals and public health samples) used by the USDA National Rabies Management Program.

Strange acting, found dead and public health animals were the most likely to detect RABV when it was present, and generally detectability was higher in fall–winter compared to spring–summer. Found dead animals in fall–winter had the highest detection at 0.33 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.48). Nuisance animals had the lowest detection probabilities (~0.02).

Areas with oral rabies vaccination (ORV) management had reduced occurrence probability compared to enzootic areas without ORV management. RABV occurrence was positively associated with deciduous and mixed forests and medium to high developed areas, which are also areas with higher raccoon (Procyon lotor) densities. By combining occupancy and detection estimates we can create a probability of elimination surface that can be updated seasonally to provide guidance on areas managed for wildlife disease.

Synthesis and applications. Wildlife disease surveillance is often comprised of a combination of targeted and convenience‐based methods. Using a multi‐method analytical approach allows us to compare the relative strengths of these methods, providing guidance on resource allocation for surveillance actions. Applying this multi‐method approach in conjunction with dynamic occupancy analyses better informs management decisions by understanding ecological drivers of disease occurrence.
Salt Intake from Processed Meat Products: Benefits, Risks and Evolving Practices
Authors: Petit Gaëlle , Jury Vanessa , de Lamballerie Marie , Duranton Frédérique , Pottier Laurence , Martin Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrently, there is major consumer concern about dietary salt intake worldwide. However, even with the development of contemporary preservation practices, sodium chloride is still essential in processed meat products. Despite a long history of use, salt is now seriously controversial in food due to health concerns that are mostly related to high blood pressure and cardiovascular risks. Changes in meat processing methods have reduced those potential risks, but different perceptions continue to shape how consumers and society view dietary salt. The current consumer demand for additive‐free food, such as the clean‐label movement, has renewed consumer willingness for naturalness in food products.
Greater Reliance on Major Customers and Auditor Going‐Concern Opinions
Authors: Dhaliwal Dan , Michas Paul N. , Naiker Vic , Sharma Divesh 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, we predict and provide evidence that distressed firms that rely more heavily on major customers for sales have a comparatively higher incidence of receiving going‐concern opinions (GCOs). Moreover, we find that the effect of increased reliance on major customers is driven by firms that are more distressed. We also theorize that variations in key characteristics of the relationship between a distressed firm and its largest major customer are incrementally linked to GCOs, and present evidence consistent with this. Specifically, we find that the effect of greater reliance on major customers is driven by firms that are relatively smaller than their largest major customer. Additionally, we find that greater reliance on major customers is positively (negatively) associated with GCOs when firms are in a shorter (longer) relationship with their major customer and when firms have a different auditor to (same auditor as) the largest major customer. Overall, our study indicates that supply chain relationships are relevant business risks associated with auditors' going‐concern assessments.
The Role of Narcissistic Hypocrisy in the Development of Accounting Estimates
Authors: Hayes Matthew J. , Reckers Philip M. J. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn an experiment including experienced managers, we investigate how supervisor and subordinate narcissism influence a supervisor's review of a subordinate's accounting estimate. While narcissistic supervisors express greater liking for narcissistic subordinates (narcissistic tolerance), they nonetheless reject and revise the accounting estimates of narcissistic subordinates to a greater extent than they reject estimates of non‐narcissistic subordinates (narcissistic hypocrisy), even when doing so inhibits the supervisor's ability to reach a profit target. Our findings contribute to extant research in accounting and psychology. We demonstrate that narcissistic hypocrisy extends beyond the evaluation of others and alters narcissists' willingness to rely on other narcissists in a meaningful financial reporting decision. We also find that narcissistic hypocrisy is robust across age, gender, and supervisory experience.
T‐NDX Diagram: Educational Technology Used to Teach Diagnostic Reasoning Based on Nursing Theories
Authors: Oliveira Pitta Lopes Rafael , Caniçali Primo Cândida , Santos de Andrade Martins Jaqueline , Faria Campos Juliana , Souza Barbosa Genesis , de Abreu Pinto Peixoto Mauricio , Antônio Gomes Brandão Marcos 
Published: July 2019

PURPOSETo describe an educational technology to be applied to the teaching and learning of diagnostic judgment based on nursing theories.METHODSA methodological study with 10 stages for the development of educational technology.FINDINGSAn innovative educational technology is proposed to incorporate theoretical and methodological domains in a V‐shaped diagram for the diagnosis judgment.CONCLUSIONSThe technology is innovative in integrating theory and method in a more comprehensive and original way, considering the philosophies and world views of students throughout the reasoning process.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICET‐NDx Diagram may be useful in enhancing the integration of philosophical and theoretical knowledge and diagnostic judgment, especially for nursing undergraduate students.
Accurate prediction of glaucoma from colour fundus images with a convolutional neural network that relies on active and transfer learning
Authors: Hemelings Ruben , Elen Bart , Barbosa-Breda João , Lemmens Sophie , Meire Maarten , Pourjavan Sayeh , Vandewalle Evelien , Van de Veire Sara , Blaschko Matthew B. , De Boever Patrick , Stalmans Ingeborg 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeTo assess the use of deep learning (DL) for computer‐assisted glaucoma identification, and the impact of training using images selected by an active learning strategy, which minimizes labelling cost. Additionally, this study focuses on the explainability of the glaucoma classifier.MethodsThis original investigation pooled 8433 retrospectively collected and anonymized colour optic disc‐centred fundus images, in order to develop a deep learning‐based classifier for glaucoma diagnosis. The labels of the various deep learning models were compared with the clinical assessment by glaucoma experts. Data were analysed between March and October 2018. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and amount of data used for discriminating between glaucomatous and non‐glaucomatous fundus images, on both image and patient level.ResultsTrained using 2072 colour fundus images, representing 42% of the original training data, the trained DL model achieved an AUC of 0.995, sensitivity and specificity of, respectively, 98.0% (CI 95.5%–99.4%) and 91% (CI 84.0%–96.0%), for glaucoma versus non‐glaucoma patient referral.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the benefits of deep learning for automated glaucoma detection based on optic disc‐centred fundus images. The combined use of transfer and active learning in the medical community can optimize performance of DL models, while minimizing the labelling cost of domain‐specific mavens. Glaucoma experts are able to make use of heat maps generated by the deep learning classifier to assess its decision, which seems to be related to inferior and superior neuroretinal rim (within ONH), and RNFL in superotemporal and inferotemporal zones (outside ONH).
Physiological regulation of reactive oxygen species in organisms based on their physicochemical properties
Authors: Huang Mei‐Zhou , Li Jian‐Yong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOxidative stress is recognized as free radical dyshomeostasis, which has damaging effects on proteins, lipids and DNA. However, during cell differentiation and proliferation and other normal physiological processes, free radicals play a pivotal role in message transmission and are considered important messengers. Organisms maintain free radical homeostasis through a sophisticated regulatory system in which these “2‐faced” molecules play appropriate roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including a large number of free radicals, act as redox signalling molecules in essential cellular signalling pathways, including cell differentiation and proliferation. However, excessive ROS levels can induce oxidative stress, which is an important risk factor for diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. An overall comprehensive understanding of ROS is beneficial for understanding the pathogenesis of certain diseases and finding new therapeutic treatments. This review primarily focuses on ROS cellular localization, sources, chemistry and molecular targets to determine how to distinguish between the roles of ROS as messengers and in oxidative stress.
Abnormalities of mucosal serotonin metabolism and 5‐HT3 receptor subunit 3C polymorphism in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea predict responsiveness to ondansetron
Authors: Gunn David , Garsed Klara , Lam Ching , Singh Gulzar , Lingaya Melanie , Wahl Verena , Niesler Beate , Henry Amanda , Hall Ian P. , Whorwell Peter , Spiller Robin 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS‐D) is a common condition, greatly reducing the quality of life with few effective treatment options available.AimTo report the beneficial response shown in our trial with the 5‐hydroyxtryptamine (5‐HT) receptor 3 antagonist, ondansetron in IBS‐DMethodsA randomised, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over trial of 5 weeks of ondansetron versus placebo in 125 patients meeting modified Rome III criteria for IBS‐D as previously described. Patients were compared to 21 healthy controls. 5‐HT and 5‐HIAA were measured in rectal biopsies. Whole gut transit time was assessed using a radio‐opaque marker technique. Whole blood DNA was genotyped for an insertion polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene SLC6A4, as well as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene TPH1 and 5‐HT3 receptor genes HTR3A, C and E.ResultsPatients’ biopsies showed significantly higher 5‐HIAA levels (2.1 (1.2‐4.2) pmol/mg protein vs 1.1 (0.4‐1.5) in controls, P < .0001). 39 patients used < 4 mg/d (“super‐responders”) while 55 required ≥ 4 mg/d. 5‐HT concentrations in rectal biopsies were significantly lower in super‐responders (21.3 (17.0‐31.8) vs 37.7 (21.4‐61.4), P = .0357) and the increase in transit time on ondansetron was significantly greater (15.6 (1.8‐31) hours vs 3.9 (−5.1‐17.9) hours). Stool consistency responders were more likely to carry the CC genotype of the SNP p.N163K rs6766410 of the HTR3C gene (33% vs 14%, P = .0066).ConclusionIBS‐D patients have significant abnormalities in mucosal 5‐HT metabolism. Those with the lowest concentration of 5‐HT in rectal biopsies showed the greatest responsiveness to ondansetron.
The reduction of faecal calprotectin during exclusive enteral nutrition is lost rapidly after food re‐introduction
Authors: Logan Michael , Clark Clare M. , Ijaz Umer Zeeshan , Gervais Lisa , Duncan Hazel , Garrick Vikki , Curtis Lee , Buchanan Elaine , Cardigan Tracey , Armstrong Lawrence , Delahunty Caroline , Flynn Diana M. , Barclay Andrew R. , Tayler Rachel , McDonald Elizabeth , Milling Simon , Hansen Richard , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Russell Richard K. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundFaecal calprotectin decreases during exclusive enteral nutrition in children with active Crohn's disease. It is unknown how faecal calprotectin changes during food re‐introduction and the influence of maintenance enteral nutrition.AimsTo study changes to faecal calprotectin during exclusive enteral nutrition and at food reintroduction, and explore associations with maintenance enteral nutrition.MethodsChildren with Crohn's disease were followed during exclusive enteral nutrition and during food‐reintroduction. Faecal calprotectin was measured before, at 33 and 54 days of exclusive enteral nutrition, and at 17, 52 and 72 days after food‐reintroduction. Maintenance enteral nutrition use was recorded with estimated weight food diaries. Data are presented with medians and Q1:Q3.ResultsSixty‐six patients started exclusive enteral nutrition and 41 (62%) achieved clinical remission (weighted paediatric Crohn's disease activity index <12.5). Baseline faecal calprotectin (mg/kg) decreased after 4 and 8 weeks of exclusive enteral nutrition (Start: 1433 [Q1: 946, Q3: 1820] vs 33 days: 844 [314, 1438] vs 54 days: 453 [165, 1100]; P < .001). Within 17 days of food reintroduction, faecal calprotectin increased to 953 [Q1: 519, Q3: 1611] and by 52 days to 1094 [660, 1625] (both P < .02). Fifteen of 41 (37%) children in remission used maintenance enteral nutrition (333 kcal or 18% of energy intake). At 17 days of food reintroduction, faecal calprotectin was lower in maintenance enteral nutrition users than non‐users (651 [Q1: 271, Q3: 1781] vs 1238 [749, 2102], P = .049) and correlated inversely with maintenance enteral nutrition volume (rho: −0.573, P = .041), kcals (rho: −0.584, P = .036) and % energy intake (rho: −0.649, P = .016). Maintenance enteral nutrition use was not associated with longer periods of remission (P = .7). Faecal calprotectin at the end of exclusive enteral nutrition did not predict length of remission.ConclusionsThe effect of exclusive enteral nutrition on faecal calprotectin is diminished early during food reintroduction. Maintenance enteral nutrition at ~18% of energy intake is associated with a lower faecal calprotectin at the early phase of food reintroduction but is ineffective in maintaining longer term remission.
Beyond evidence‐based treatment of bipolar disorder: Rational pragmatic approaches to management
Authors: Post Robert M. , Yatham Lakshmi N. , Vieta Eduard , Berk Michael , Nierenberg Andrew A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe evidence for efficacy of many currently available treatments for bipolar disorder is based on studies of nonrefractory patients with bipolar disorder. Therefore, not surprisingly, most treatment recommendations and guidelines for the treatment of bipolar disorder and its many comorbidities depend heavily on data from placebo controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs), but these RCTs provide little direction for the clinician as to what next steps might be optimal in non‐ or partial‐responders and in those with ongoing medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Given this and the paucity of RCTs at later treatment junctures, we thought it appropriate to begin a discussion of the quality of the data that some experts in the field might consider using in choosing and sequencing drugs and their combination. We acknowledge that many other clinical investigators may prefer very different sequences, but thought the suggestions offered here might be useful to some clinicians in the field, might start discussions of other options in the literature, and, at the same time, provide a preliminary outline for a new round of much‐needed clinical trials to better inform clinical practice. Given the very wide range of the quality of the data and clinical principles on which the current suggestions are based, only minimal references are included and a comprehensive review of the literature supporting each option would be outside the scope of this manuscript.
Adequacy of endosonography‐derived samples from peribronchial or periesophageal intrapulmonary lesions for the molecular profiling of lung cancer
Authors: Livi Vanina , Ardizzoni Andrea , Cancellieri Alessandra , Natali Filippo , Ferrari Marco , Paioli Daniela , De Biase Dario , Capizzi Elisa , Tallini Giovanni , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Trisolini Rocco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesEndosonography is increasingly used for the diagnosis of centrally located, bronchoscopically invisible intrapulmonary lesions, but data regarding its utility for molecular profiling are lacking. We aimed to assess the suitability of endosonography samples obtained from intrapulmonary lesions for cancer genotyping and programmed‐death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) testing.MethodsA prospectively collected database regarding 99 consecutive patients undergoing endosonography for the diagnosis of an intrapulmonary lesion was retrospectively reviewed. Genotyping ± PD‐L1 testing was carried out in the 53 patients with advanced lung cancer and was classified as complete if all clinically indicated tests could be performed, incomplete if at least one test could not be carried out, and unsuccessful if the sample was unsuitable for molecular analysis.ResultsAll clinically indicated biomarkers could be tested in 44 (83%) patients, whereas the molecular profiling was classified as incomplete in 6 (11.3%), and unsuccessful in 3 (5.7%). Thirty‐seven genetic alterations (KRASmutation,17; EGFRmutation, 17;ALKrearrangement, 3) and 2 cases of PD‐L1 expression >50% were found in 31 (58%) patients.EGFRwas successfully analysed in 94.1% of cases,KRASin 93.9%,ALKin 89%,ROS1in 90% and PD‐L1 in 63.1%.ConclusionEndosonography‐derived samples from intrapulmonary lesions were suitable for a thorough molecular profiling in most patients. The few cases of incomplete accomplishment of the testing algorithm were related to the failure of PD‐L1 analysis due to the exhaustion of the sample or the lack of sufficient tumour cells in the paraffin‐embedded material.
Improving the uptake: Barriers and facilitators to pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: McCarron Eamon P. , Bailey Melanie , Leonard Breige , McManus Terence E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a well‐established therapeutic management programme for patients with chronic lung disease. Despite good clinical evidence, patient engagement can be poor.AimThe aim of the study was to determine the number of patients who are referred to PR at a District General Hospital, explore barriers and facilitators to attending and completing and identify strategies for improvement.MethodsAll patients invited to attend PR in the calendar year 2016 were included in an analysis (N = 281). A structured questionnaire composed of barriers and facilitators was administered to patients that did not attend (non‐attenders, N = 20) and those that attended but did not complete the programme (non‐completers/“drop‐outs,” N = 13). Improvement strategies were identified and implemented followed by analysis of patients invited to attend in 2017 and 2018.ResultsAge, sex and smoking status are factors that affect both attendance and completion rates of patients attending PR. In our analysis, we were able to demonstrate that lack of awareness and low perceived benefits were important barriers for non‐attendance. In addition, overall uptake rate was improved but at the expense of completion rate.ConclusionOur local non‐attendance rate in 2016 was 42%, with strategies aimed at improving patient and physician information, this was reduced to 11% (2018), below the national United Kingdom average. Unexpectedly, there was a worsening of completion rates and this raises questions about both appropriateness of referrals and whether completion rate rather than non‐attendance rate should be used as a performance indicator and standard.