bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring pain—Physiological and self‐rated measurements in relation to pain stimulation and anxiety
Authors: Storm Hanne , Günther Anders , Sackey Peter Victor , Bernhardsson Jens , Bjärtå Anna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the present study was to investigate how emotions influence pain, measured by one subjective self‐rated measure, the numeric rating scale (NRS), and one objective physiological measure, the number of skin conductance responses (NSCR).MethodEighteen volunteers were exposed to conditions with pictorial emotional stimuli (neutral, positive, negative), authentic ICU‐sound (noise, no‐noise) and electrical stimulation (pain, no‐pain) individually titrated to induce moderate pain. When using all combinations of picture inducing emotions, sound, and pain, each of these conditions (12 conditions lasting for 60 seconds each) were followed by pain ratings. Ratings of arousal (low to high) and valence (pleasant to unpleasant) were used as indicators of affective state for each condition. Mean NSCR was also measured throughout the experiment for each condition.ResultsEven though NRS and NSCR increased during painful stimuli, they did not correlate during the trial. However, NSCR was positively correlated with the strength of the electrical stimulation,r = 0.48,P = 0.046, whereas NRS showed positive correlations with the anxiety level, assessed by affective ratings (arousal,r = 0.61,P < 0.001, and valence,r = 0.37,P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe NRS was strongly influenced by affective state, with higher pain ratings during more anxiety‐like states, whereas NSCR correlated to the strength of electrical pain stimulation. That reported pain is moderated by anxiety, puts forward a discussion whether reduction of the anxiety level should be considered during analgesia treatment.
Reporting and interpreting missing health‐related quality of life data in intensive care trials: Protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Kjær Maj‐Brit Nørregaard , Madsen Martin Bruun , Møller Morten Hylander , Egerod Ingrid , Perner Anders 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundHealth‐related quality of life is often used as a patient‐important outcome in randomized clinical trials in the intensive care unit setting. Missing data are a challenge in randomized clinical trials as they hamper the interpretation of the results, but the extent and handling of missing health‐related quality of life data are unknown. Therefore, we aim to describe and evaluate the extent, pattern, and handling of missing health‐related quality of life data in randomized clinical trials conducted in the intensive care unit setting.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review of randomized clinical trials in intensive care patients that report health‐related quality of life. We will systematically search the Cochrane Library, PubMed, excerpta medica database ovid, and cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature for relevant literature. We will follow the recommendations by the Cochrane Collaboration and the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analysis statement. We will extract information about missing data, including how the analyses and reporting of missing data were performed. We will assess the risk of systematic errors (bias) and compare the number of nonresponders vs responders in (a) low vs high risk of bias trials and in (b) small (n ≤ 100) vs large randomized clinical trials (n > 100).DiscussionWith this outlined systematic review, we will describe the handling of missing health‐related quality of life data in randomized clinical trials in the intensive care unit setting and the impact on the interpretation of results.Systematic review registrationInternational Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): reg. no.: CRD42019118932.
Benefits of Rhythm Control and Rate Control in Recent‐onset Atrial Fibrillation: The HERMES‐AF Study
Authors: Martín Alfonso , Coll‐Vinent Blanca , Suero Coral , Fernández‐Simón Amparo , Sánchez Juan , Varona Mercedes , Cancio Manuel , Sánchez Susana , Carbajosa José , Malagón Francisco , Montull Eugeni , del Arco Carmen ,   on behalf of the HERMES‐AF investigators
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough rhythm control has failed to demonstrate long‐term benefits over rate control in longstanding episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF), there is little evidence concerning recent‐onset ones. We analyzed the benefits of rhythm and rate control in terms of symptoms alleviation and need for hospital admission in patients with recent‐onset AF.MethodsThis was a multicenter, observational, cross‐sectional study with prospective standardized data collection carried out in 124 emergency departments (EDs). Clinical variables, treatment effectiveness, and outcomes (control of symptoms, final disposition) were analyzed in stable patients with recent‐onset AF consulting for AF‐related symptoms.ResultsOf 421 patients included, rhythm control was chosen in 352 patients (83.6%), a global effectiveness of 84%. Rate control was performed in 69 patients (16.4%) and was achieved in 67 (97%) of them. Control of symptoms was achieved in 396 (94.1%) patients and was associated with a heart rate after treatment ≤ 110 beats/min (odds ratio [OR] = 14.346, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.90 to 52.70, p < 0.001) and a rhythm control strategy (OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.02 to 7.61, p = 0.046). Sixty patients (14.2%) were admitted: discharge was associated with a rhythm control strategy (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.20‐4.60, p = 0.031) and admission was associated with a heart rate > 110 beats/min after treatment (OR = 29.71, 95% CI = 7.19 to 123.07, p < 0.001) and acute heart failure (OR = 9.45, 95% CI = 2.91 to 30.65, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn our study, recent‐onset AF patients in whom rhythm control was attempted in the ED had a high rate of symptoms' alleviation and a reduced rate of hospital admissions.
Prescription opioid misuse and comorbid substance use: Past 30‐day prevalence, correlates and co‐occurring behavioral indicators in the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Authors: Grigsby Timothy J. , Howard Jeffrey T. 
Published: January 2019

Background and ObjectivesPrescription opioid misuse has not been well examined in the context of comorbid substance use in representative samples of substance users. Past 30‐day comorbid prescription opioid misuse and recreational substance use (eg, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, etc.) was studied in a representative sample of substance users in the United States using the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).MethodsPrevalence of prescription opioid misuse with and without comorbid substance use was estimated with the 2016 NSDUH. Generalized linear modeling was used to describe demographic correlates of opioid and comorbid substance use and explore the relation of opioid and comorbid substance use with social and behavioral health indicators.ResultsThe majority of past month prescription opioid misusers reported use of other substances including cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, or hard drugs (cocaine, methamphetamine, etc.). Males and younger respondents had a significantly higher risk of reporting past month prescription opioid misuse with illicit drug or polydrug use (p's < .01). Prescription opioid and polydrug users had the greatest odds of stealing property, selling drugs, having suicidal ideations, major depressive episode, and perceived treatment need in the past year compared to all other categories of prescription opioid misuse categories.Conclusions and Scientific SignificancePrescription opioid misuse is likely a part of a larger set of psychological, behavioral, and mental health problems. More attention should be given to the profiles of recreational (non‐medical) substance use involving prescription opioids to curtail the current opioid crisis and prevent other similar epidemics in the future. (Am J Addict 2019;XX:1–8)
Novel targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of childhood, adolescent and young adult non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Barth Matthew J. , Minard‐Colin Veronique 
Published: January 2019

SummaryNon‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies. Most NHLs in children, adolescent and young adult patients are aggressive lymphomas that are generally treated with multi‐agent chemotherapy or immunochemotherapy regimens. While overall survival is high, the treatment can lead to a high rate of acute and long‐term toxicity. However, in the rarer instance of relapsed or refractory disease, outcomes are dismal. Novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of both T‐cell and B‐cell NHLs are critical to improve outcomes while also minimising the associated toxicity of current treatment regimes. Potential therapeutic approaches in development include humoral and cellular immunotherapies, small molecule inhibitors of relevant signalling pathways and epigenetic modifying agents. In this review, we will highlight the current state of development of agents of interest with a focus on agents relevant to childhood, adolescent and young adult NHL.
Ageing and skills: The case of literacy skills
Authors: Barrett Garry F. , Riddell W. Craig 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe relationship between ageing and skills is of growing policy significance due to population ageing, the changing nature of work and the importance of literacy for social and economic well‐being. This article examines the relationship between age and literacy skills in a sample of OECD countries using three internationally comparable surveys. By pooling the survey data across time we can separate birth cohort and ageing effects. In doing so, we find that literacy skills decline with age and that, in most of our sample countries, successive birth cohorts tend to have poorer literacy outcomes. Therefore, once we control for cohort effects, the rate at which literacy proficiency falls with age is much more pronounced than that which is apparent, based on the cross‐sectional relationship between age and literacy skills at a point in time. Further, in studying the literacy‐age relationship across the skill distribution in Canada we find a more pronounced decline in literacy skills with age at lower percentiles, which suggests that higher initial literacy moderates the influence of cognitive ageing.
Latin American and Ecumenical Insights in Laudato Si’
Authors: Kerber Guillermo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPope Francis' encyclical on “Care for our common home,” Laudato si', marked a turning point in the social doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church. In this article I argue that the structure of the encyclical, using the “See‐Judge‐Act” methodology and the "cry of the earth and the cry of the poor" as leitmotivs, can be seen as contributions of Latin American liberation theology. Furthermore, I show with examples that the encyclical catalyzes what the ecumenical movement has been saying and doing for decades, especially through the leadership of His All Holiness the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew on ecological issues and the work of the World Council of Churches striving for eco‐justice.
The Feminine (He)Art of Caring and the Power of Feminine Divine as New Ethics of Peace and Ecojustice
Authors: Furlan Štante Nadja 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe article addresses the question of how femininity and the maternal body are also important in shaping the discourse of giving, forgiving, and caring (also in caring for nature). Consideration of a view of the maternal body as signification, conceived of as an embodiment of ethics, is investigated. To bear someone like a maternal body suggests that one need not be a mother, or even a woman, to bear responsibility for the Other (including nature). Cultivation of giving and forgiving as embodied experience and examination of inter‐connectedness of giving and forgiving from an ecofeminist perspective are explored. Cultivation of loving hearts and living through our hearts as a feminist principle, and the possibility of understanding forgiveness as transcending anger through an act of love, is understood as a virtue. In this way forgiveness as love directly furthers self‐interest through serving the welfare of others, including nature.
Christian–Muslim Cooperation Demonstrating God’s Image/Caliph in Ecotheology
Authors: Hassan Akhlaq Sayed 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper seeks to elaborate how a constructive dialogue between Christianity and Islam provides the faithful with a chance to promote ecotheology and earth‐honouring ideas. It focuses on Orthodox Christianity, particularly St. Gregory and the Buffalo Statement (2015), alongside many verses of the Quran to develop the subject. It reshapes both Christian and Islamic modules of the relationship between God and humans as the Creator and the Creature. Thus, the notions of the “image of God” in Christianity and of “caliph of God” in Islam are elaborated to suggest a new theology which honours the earth and worldly life as well as enriches people’s lives with faith and divinity. The new theology uses faith concepts to serve humanity with regards to new demands and challenges rather than keeping humanity at its service.
Nature, Natural Environment, and Environmental Protection from the Perspectives of Commonsense, Religion, and Science
Authors: Shaw Victor N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper applies observation, comparison, juxtaposition, generalization, and extrapolation to explore nature, the natural environment, and environmental protection in relation to individuals and individual life, societies and social change, and human species and human evolution across three worlds of human experience. In the world of commonsense, nature and the natural environment constitute material conditions by which humans earn a living. Environmental protection is to preserve the land, water, and air upon which people survive. In the world of religion, nature and the natural environment serve as stages where humans perform to achieve blessing, redemption, and salvation. Environmental protection is to admire the almighty and his creations. In the world of science, nature and the natural environment exist as objective facts against which humans set out to explore, study, and understand. Environmental protection is to follow universal laws inherent in nature so that all environmental elements and forces can operate with their natural rhythms.
Skin equivalent assay: An optimized method for testing for hair growth reconstitution capacity of epidermal and dermal cells
Authors: Paik Seung Hwan , Choi Soon‐Jin , Jang Sunhyae , Jo Seong‐Jin , Kim Kyu Han , Kwon Ohsang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHair follicle reconstitution requires highly organized epithelial‐mesenchymal interactions. Skin equivalents containing the epidermal and dermal cells with hair reconstitution capacity can reproduce these processes, but have not been established. This study was conducted to develop a hair follicle‐producing three‐dimensional (3D) skin equivalent assay using neonate mouse epidermal and dermal cells. A skin equivalent comprised of mouse dermal cells (MDCs) embedded in type I collagen and overlaid with mouse epidermal cells (MECs) was used. MDCs were mixed with type I collagen and cultured for 7 days. One day after adding MECs on top, the composites were grafted onto nude mice. MDCs cultured on a two‐dimensional (2D) plate for 7 days and mixed with MECs as a negative control, and freshly isolated MDCs and MECs mixture (chamber assay) as a positive control were also grafted. Six weeks after grafting, regenerated hair follicles were analysed. Our 3D skin equivalent culture assay reproducibly regenerated hair follicles, while MDCs precultured in the 2D model with MECs did not. Compared to the chamber assay, which produced randomly oriented hair follicles, nearly all regenerated hair follicles in our assay extruded through the skin and numerous regenerated hair follicles were higher than those in the chamber assay. Several representative genes associated with hair induction showed higher expression in our assay than in the 2D model. When Wnt3a was added, the number of regenerated hairs increased. Organized hair follicle regeneration was accomplished using our assay. This approach can be applied to assess a test agent with hair growth‐promoting effects.
Cytocompatibility, bioactive potential and antimicrobial activity of an experimental calcium silicate‐based endodontic sealer
Authors: Zordan‐Bronzel C. L. , Tanomaru‐Filho M. , Rodrigues E. M. , Chávez‐Andrade G. M. , Faria G. , Guerreiro‐Tanomaru J. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the cytocompatibility, bioactive potential, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of an experimental calcium silicate‐based endodontic sealer, in comparison with TotalFill BC Sealer and AH Plus.MethodologyCytocompatibility was assessed by methyltetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays, after exposure of the Saos‐2 cells to the sealer extracts (1 : 2, 1 : 4, 1 : 8, 1 : 16 and 1 : 32 dilutions) for 24 h. The sealers were manipulated and placed in 12‐well culture plates and exposed to ultraviolet light; then, 5 mL of DMEM without serum was added. Cell bioactivity was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and Alizarin red staining (ARS). Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities were evaluated by direct contact test (DCT) on planktonic cells (DCTPC) and modified DCT on biofilm formed in bovine dentine blocks (MDCT). MTT, NR and ALP data were analysed by two‐way anova and Bonferroni tests; ARS data by anova and Tukey's tests; and the microbiological data by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe experimental sealer, TotalFill BC and AH Plus were not cytotoxic to Saos‐2, in comparison with the negative control (P > 0.05). Greater ALP was observed after 7 days of exposure of Saos‐2 to AH Plus and the experimental sealer (P < 0.05) when compared to the control. Significantly greater mineralized nodule production was observed for TotalFill BC and the experimental sealer (P < 0.05). In DCTPC, the experimental sealer and TotalFill BC were associated with a significantly greater reduction of E. faecalis (P < 0.05) and eliminated C. albicans. In MDCT, the experimental sealer and TotalFill BC had significantly greater antibiofilm efficacy (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe experimental calcium silicate‐based sealer was cytocompatible, bioactive, antimicrobial against E. faecalis and C. albicans and effective against E. faecalis biofilms, with potential for use in root canal treatment.
‘It was me answering my own questions’: Experiences of method of levels therapy amongst people with first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Griffiths Robert , Mansell Warren , Edge Dawn , Carey Timothy A. , Peel Heather , J. Tai Sara 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to understand how people with first‐episode psychosis experienced a transdiagnostic cognitive therapy called method of levels (MOL). Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 individuals who were participants of a feasibility randomized controlled trial of MOL for first‐episode psychosis. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Four superordinate themes were identified: ‘The therapist's approach’; ‘I was in control’; ‘Thinking and talking’; and ‘Looking at problems from a different perspective’. Our findings suggest that therapy was experienced as most helpful when participants perceived themselves to have control over the process of therapy, could explore and express a wide range of difficulties, and were able to generate new perspectives on their problems. MOL and its associated system of client‐led appointment scheduling were predominantly perceived to be helpful and appear suitable for further testing in a larger clinical trial.
ElevatedCO2modulates the effects of drought and heat stress on plant water relations and grain yield in wheat
Authors: Li Xiangnan , Kristiansen Karina , Rosenqvist Eva , Liu Fulai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo investigate the interactive effects of drought, heat and elevated atmosphericCO2concentration ([CO2]) on plant water relations and grain yield in wheat, two wheat cultivars with different drought tolerance (Gladius and Paragon) were grown under ambient and elevated [CO2], and were exposed to post‐anthesis drought and heat stress. The stomatal conductance, plant water relation parameters, abscisic acid concentration in leaf and spike, and grain yield components were examined. Both stress treatments and elevated [CO2] reduced the stomatal conductance, which resulted in lower leaf relative water content and leaf water potential. Drought induced a significant increase in leaf and spike abscisic acid concentrations, while elevated [CO2] showed no effect. At maturity, post‐anthesis drought and heat stress significantly decreased the grain yield by 21.3%–65.2%, while elevated [CO2] increased the grain yield by 20.8% in wheat, which was due to the changes of grain number per spike and thousand grain weight. This study suggested that the responses of plant water status and grain yield to extreme climatic events (heat and drought) can be influenced by the atmosphericCO2concentration.
Microstructures, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Ba‐doped BiFeO3 nanoparticles synthesized via molten salt route
Authors: Wu Heng , Zhu Xinhua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs the paradigm of magnetoelectric multiferroic materials, BiFeO3 (BFO) has potential applications in spintronics, memory devices, sensors, and actuators. However, its large leakage current and small magnetism at room temperature restrict its practical applications. It is demonstrated that the substitutions of Bi by alkali earth elements at A‐site of BFO can significantly reduce the leakage current and enhance the remanent magnetization of BFO. In this work, Ba‐doped BFO nanoparticles Bi1‐xBaxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were synthesized via molten salt route. X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed that with increasing the Ba‐doped content the formation of the impurity phase was depressed and the rhombohedral distortions of these nanoparticles were suppressed, as confirmed by Raman spectra. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal that the Fe element in the nanoparticles exists in the dual valence states of Fe3+ and Fe2+, and two kinds of oxygen atoms (lattice oxygen atoms and the adsorbed oxygen atoms) exist in the nanoparticles. With increasing the Ba‐doped content, the content ratios of Fe3+ to Fe2+ ions were generally increased, whereas the oxygen vacancy concentrations were decreased. The average particle sizes of the Ba‐doped BFO nanoparticles were decreased as compared with that of nondoped BFO nanoparticles. In contrast, the room temperature magnetization of the Ba‐doped BFO nanoparticles was greatly enhanced by Ba‐substitution, as confirmed by the M‐H loops. At room temperature, the remanent magnetization and coercive field of the Bi0.8Ba0.2FeO3 nanoparticles were 0.51 emu/g and 1130 Oe, respectively. Furthermore, the leakage current density was reduced by one order of magnitude at x = 0.2 and the dielectric properties are also improved by Ba‐substitution. The improvements on the remanent magnetization, leakage current density as well as dielectric properties of the Ba‐doped BFO nanoparticles make them promising candidates for spintronics and dielectric energy storages.