bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytology and the cell block method in diagnostic characterization of canine lymphadenopathy and in the immunophenotyping of nodal lymphoma
Authors: Heinrich Daniel A. , Avery Anne C. , Henson Michael S. , Overmann Jed A. , Rendahl Aaron K. , Walz Jillian Z. , Seelig Davis M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMinimally invasive techniques used to evaluate canine peripheral lymphadenopathy (PLN), including fine needle aspiration biopsy with cytological evaluation (FNAB‐C) and flow cytometry (FC), have benefits and limitations. The cell block (CB) method is an alternate processing technique in which fine needle aspirate biopsy samples are concentrated, fixed, and embedded in paraffin for routine histological processing/staining. Utilizing three observers, we determined the diagnostic value of the CB in evaluating canine PLN across six categories (non‐diagnostic, reactive, inflammatory/infectious, probable lymphoma and lymphoma, metastatic neoplasia) and correlated findings to immunophenotypic and clonal antigen receptor rearrangement results in canine nodal lymphoma. Eighty‐five paired FNAB‐C and CB samples were evaluated from canine patients presenting to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Oncology or Internal Medicine services. Diagnostic quality samples were obtained in 55/85 (65%) CB and 81/85 (95%) FNAB‐C samples, respectively, and nodal pathology impacted CB diagnostic yield. Overall percent agreement between diagnostic‐quality FNAB‐C and CB samples was 86%, but increased to 95% if the categories of lymphoma and probable lymphoma were combined. There was 100% agreement for both the diagnoses of metastatic neoplasia and reactive lymph nodes and 92% agreement for the diagnosis of lymphoma/probable lymphoma. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), CB samples correctly immunophenotyped 22/23 (96%) cases of B‐cell lymphoma, but only 1/6 (17%) cases of T‐cell lymphoma. IHC was not completed on nine cases of lymphoproliferative disease because of insufficient cellularity. When the CB method (CBM) yielded diagnostic quality samples there was good to excellent agreement with FNAB‐C samples and CB samples were suitable for some IHC tests.
Clinical use of cryopoor plasma continuous rate infusion in critically ill, hypoalbuminemic dogs
Authors: Culler Christine A. , Balakrishnan Anusha , Yaxley Page E. , Guillaumin Julien 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of cryopoor plasma (CPP) continuous rate infusion (CRI) on albumin concentration and colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in critically ill dogs with hypoalbuminemia.DesignRetrospective study between 2013 and 2015 with a 90‐day follow‐up on survivors.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTen hypoalbuminemic dogs receiving a CPP CRI for albumin replacement or oncotic support. All patients with documented hypoalbuminemia or low COP receiving CPP administration for albumin or oncotic support during the study period were included.InterventionsCRI of CPP.Measurements and Main ResultsMean age was 7.4 ± 4.5 years. Mean survival prediction index score was 0.66 ± 0.13. Seven dogs were septic, with 2 of 7 in septic shock and 5 of 7 having septic peritonitis. The mean pre‐ and postinfusion albumin was 15 ± 4 g/L and 21 ± 2 g/L, respectively. The median pre‐ and postinfusion COP was 8.6 mm Hg (4.9–9.7 mm Hg) and 10.2 mm Hg (8.1–13.3 mm Hg), respectively. The median duration of CRI was 16 hours (11–121 h). The mean CPP rate was 1.8 ± 0.6 mL/kg/h, the mean crystalloid rate administered concurrently was 0.8 ± 0.9 mL/kg/h, and the mean hydroxyethyl starch rate administered concurrently was 1.2 ± 0.9 mL/kg/h. The difference in pre‐ and postinfusion albumin was significantly correlated with CPP rate (P= 0.0004), whereas the difference in pre‐ and postinfusion COP was correlated with hydroxyethyl starch rate (P= 0.0128). Mean duration of hospitalization was 8.6 ± 3.9 days. Mann–WhitneyUand Fisher's exact tests were used to compare survivors and nonsurvivors. Survivors were significantly younger than nonsurvivors (3.5 vs 11.5 y,P= 0.033). No side effects were reported. Survival to discharge was 40% with identical 90‐day survival. Of the nonsurvivors, 50% died naturally.ConclusionsThere was an association between the rate of CPP and the change in albumin after CPP CRI in critically ill dogs, suggesting that CPP may be a viable option for treatment of hypoalbuminemia.
Corneal cross‐linking (CXL)—A clinical study to evaluate CXL as a treatment in comparison with medical treatment for ulcerative keratitis in horses
Authors: Hellander Edman Anna , Ström Lena , Ekesten Björn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveCompareCXLtreatment with medical treatment alone in horses with stromal, ulcerative keratitis. Animals studied: 24 horses (24 eyes) with stromal, ulcerative keratitis were included.Procedure12 horses were initially treated withCXL, and 12 horses were given conventional medical treatment. Topical medical treatment was added to horses in theCXLgroup if necessary. Parameters including cytology, microbial growth, time to fluorescein negativity, and time to inhibition of stromal melting were evaluated.ResultsAfter the first day of treatments, a decrease in inflammatory signs and pain from the eye was observed in both groups. Stromal melting ceased within 24 hours regardless of treatment.CXLtreatment alone was sufficient in 3 horses with noninfectious, superficial stromal ulcerations. Clinical signs of impaired wound healing were seen after 3‐14 days in corneas with suspected or proven bacterial infection treated withCXLonly, most likely because of insufficient elimination of bacteria deeper in the corneal stroma or because of re‐infection from bacteria in the conjunctiva. The average decrease in stromal ulcer area per day after onset of treatment was almost identical between the groups, and no significant difference in time to fluorescein negativity was found.ConclusionsWe considerCXLa possible useful adjunct treatment of corneal stromal ulcers in horses, especially for melting ulcers and as a potential alternative to prophylactic antibiotic treatment for noninfected stromal ulcers. However,CXLshould not be used alone for infected or suspected infected stromal ulcers, because topical antibiotics were required in all horses with proven infectious keratitis.
A genetic algorithm for fuzzy order acceptance and scheduling problem
Authors: Karakaş Esra , Özpalamutçu Hakan 
Published: April 2019

In light of the imprecise and fuzzy nature of real production environments, the order acceptance and scheduling (OAS) problem is associated with fuzzy processing times, fuzzy sequence dependent set up time and fuzzy due dates. In this study, a genetic algorithm (GA) which uses fuzzy ranking methods is proposed to solve the fuzzy OAS problem. The proposed algorithm is illustrated and analyzed using examples with different order sizes. As illustrative numerical examples, fuzzy OAS problems with 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 100 orders are considered. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated. Due to the NP-hard nature of the problem, the developed GA has great importance to obtain a solution even for big scale fuzzy OAS problem. Also, the proposed GA can be utilized easily by all practitioners via the developed user interface.
The integrity of the FOG‐2 LXCXE pRb‐binding motif is required for small intestine homeostasis
Authors: Goupille Olivier , Kadri Zahra , Langelé Amandine , Luccantoni Sophie , Badoual Cécile , Leboulch Philippe , Chrétien Stany 
Published: April 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do Fog2Rb−/Rb− mice present a defect of small intestine homeostasis?

What is the main finding and its importance?
The importance of interactions between FOG‐2 and pRb in adipose tissue physiology has previously been demonstrated. Here it is shown that this interaction is also intrinsic to small intestine homeostasis and exerts extrinsic control over mouse metabolism. Thus, this association is involved in maintaining small intestine morphology, and regulating crypt proliferation and lineage differentiation. It therefore affects mouse growth and adaptation to a high‐fat diet.

AbstractGATA transcription factors and their FOG cofactors play a key role in tissue‐specific development and differentiation, from worms to humans. We have shown that GATA‐1 and FOG‐2 contain an LXCXE pRb‐binding motif. Interactions between retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and GATA‐1 are crucial for erythroid proliferation and differentiation, whereas the LXCXE pRb‐binding site of FOG‐2 is involved in adipogenesis. Fog2‐knock‐in mice have defective pRb binding and are resistant to obesity, due to efficient white‐into‐brown fat conversion. Our aim was to investigate the pathophysiological impact of FOG‐2–pRb interaction on the small intestine and mouse growth. Histological analysis of the small intestine revealed architectural changes in Fog2Rb−/Rb− mice, including villus shortening, with crypt expansion and a change in muscularis propria thickness. These differences were more marked in the proximo‐distal part of the small intestine and were associated with an increase in crypt cell proliferation and disruption of the goblet and Paneth cell lineage. The small intestine of the mutants was unable to adapt to a high‐fat diet, and had significantly lower plasma lipid levels on such a diet. Fog2Rb−/Rb− mice displayed higher levels of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide release, and lower levels of insulin‐like growth factor I release on a regular diet. Their intestinal lipid absorption was impaired, resulting in restricted weight gain. In addition to the intrinsic effects of the mutation on adipose tissue, we show here an extrinsic relationship between the intestine and the effect of FOG‐2 mutation on mouse metabolism. In conclusion, the interaction of FOG‐2 with pRb coordinates the crypt–villus axis and controls small intestine homeostasis.
“I Just Couldn’t Believe I Was There”: An Exploration of Soccer Pilgrimage
Authors: Kassing Jeffrey W. , Nyaupane Pratik 
Published: April 2019

This work explores the phenomenon of soccer pilgrimage (i.e., international travel by U.S.-based supporters to matches and stadia in Europe). A purposive sample of 67 pilgrims who supported a variety of clubs participated. Respondents completed a survey questionnaire designed to inquire about their experience, including why they undertook pilgrimages, how they felt about them, their reaction to having completed pilgrimages, and how they described the experience to others when asked about it. A constant comparative analysis revealed that respondents socially constructed the social atmosphere, the sacred nature, and the authenticating capacity of soccer pilgrimages. Overall, soccer pilgrimage represents a form of secular pilgrimage defined by sociality, sacrality, and liminality.
Self-collection of samples as an additional approach to deliver testing services for sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ogale Yasmin , Yeh Ping Teresa , Kennedy Caitlin E , Toskin Igor , Narasimhan Manjulaa 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundSelf-collection of samples for diagnostic testing offers the advantages of patient autonomy, confidentiality and convenience. Despite data showing their feasibility and accuracy, there is a need to better understand how to implement such interventions for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To support WHO guidelines on self-care interventions, we conducted a systematic review to investigate whether self-collection of samples should be made available as an additional approach to deliver STI testing services.MethodsPeer-reviewed studies were included if they compared individuals who self-collected samples for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and/or trichomonas testing to individuals who had samples collected by clinicians on the following outcomes: uptake/frequency of STI testing, social harms/adverse events, positive yield (case finding), linkage to clinical assessment/treatment and reported sexual risk behaviour. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and EMBASE for articles published through July 2018. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and the Evidence Project tool for non-RCTs. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models to generate pooled estimates of relative risk (RR).ResultsEleven studies, including five RCTs and six observational studies with a total of 202 745 participants, met inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in Australia, Denmark and the USA. Meta-analysis found that programmes offering self-collection of samples increased overall uptake of STI testing services (RR: 2.941, 95% CI 1.188 to 7.281) and case finding (RR: 2.166, 95% CI 1.043 to 4.498). No studies reported measuring STI testing frequency, social harms/adverse events, linkage to care or sexual risk behaviour.DiscussionWhile greater diversity in study designs, outcomes and settings would strengthen the evidence base, findings from this review suggest that self-collection of STI samples could be an effective additional strategy to increase STI testing uptake.Prospero registration numberPROSPERO CRD42018114866.
Chronic rhinosinusitis: a qualitative study of patient views and experiences of current management in primary and secondary care
Authors: Vennik Jane , Eyles Caroline , Thomas Mike , Hopkins Claire , Little Paul , Blackshaw Helen , Schilder Anne , Savage Imogen , Philpott Carl M 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo explore patient views and perspectives of current management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in primary and secondary care.DesignSemistructured qualitative telephone interviews as part of the MACRO programme (Defining best Management for Adults with Chronic RhinOsinusitis).SettingPrimary care and secondary care ear, nose and throat outpatient clinics in the UK.ParticipantsTwenty-five patients consented to in-depth telephone interviews. Transcribed recordings were managed using NVivo software and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsCRS has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life, affecting their ability to work effectively, their social interactions and daily living. Patients seek help when symptoms become unmanageable, but can become frustrated with the primary care system with difficulties obtaining an appointment, and lack of continuity of care. Patients perceive that general practitioners can be dismissive of CRS symptoms, and patients often prioritise other concerns when they consult. Health system barriers and poor communication can result in delays in accessing appropriate treatment and referral. Adherence to intranasal steroids is a problem and patients are uncertain about correct technique. Nasal irrigation can be time-consuming and difficult for patients to use. Secondary care consultations can appear rushed, and patients would like specialists to take a more ‘holistic’ approach to their management. Surgery is often considered a temporary solution, appropriate when medical options have been explored.ConclusionsPatients are frustrated with the management of their CRS, and poor communication can result in delays in receiving appropriate treatment and timely referral. Patients seek better understanding of their condition and guidance to support treatments decisions in light of uncertainties around the different medical and surgical options. Better coordinated care between general practice and specialist settings and consistency of advice has the potential to increase patient satisfaction and improve outcomes.
Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Byrne Paula , Cullinan John , Smith Amelia , Smith Susan M 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo synthesise evidence from exclusively primary prevention data on the effectiveness of statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including stroke, and outcomes stratified by baseline risk and gender.DesignOverview of systematic reviews (SRs) using Revised-AMSTAR approach to assess quality.Data sourcesCochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and PROSPERO to June 2017.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSRs of randomised control trials (RCTs) or individual patient data (IPD) from RCTs, examining the effectiveness of statins versus placebo or no treatment on all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease, CVD (including stroke) and composite endpoints, with stratification by baseline risk and gender.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality. A narrative synthesis was conducted.ResultsThree SRs were included. Quality of included SRs was mixed, and none reported on the risk of bias of included trials.We found trends towards reduced all-cause mortality in all SRs (RR 0.91 [95% CI 0.85 to 0.97]), (RR 0.91 [95% CI 0.83 to 1.01]) and (RR 0.78 [95% CI 0.53 to 1.15]) though it was not statistically significant in two SRs. When stratified by baseline risk, the effect on all-cause mortality was no longer statistically significant except in one medium risk category. One review reported significant reductions (RR 0.85 [95% CI 0.77 to 0.95]) in vascular deaths and non-significant reductions in non-vascular deaths (RR 0.97 [95% CI 0.88 to 1.07]). There were significant reductions in composite outcomes overall, but mixed results were reported in these when stratified by baseline risk. These reviews included studies with participants considered risk equivalent to those with established CVD.ConclusionsThere is limited evidence on the effectiveness of statins for primary prevention with mixed findings from studies including participants with widely ranging baseline risks. Decision making for the use of statins should consider individual baseline risk, absolute risk reduction and whether risk reduction justifies potential harms and taking a daily medicine for life.Trial registration numberCRD42017064761.
Barriers to and facilitators of the identification, management and referral of childhood anxiety disorders in primary care: a survey of general practitioners in England
Authors: O’Brien Doireann , Harvey Kate , Creswell Cathy 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesAlthough anxiety disorders are the most common emotional disorders in childhood and are associated with a broad range of negative outcomes, only a minority of affected children receive professional support. In the UK, general practitioners (GPs) are seen as ‘gate-keepers’ to mental health services. The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which GPs experience barriers to and facilitators of identifying, managing and accessing specialist services for these disorders, as well as factors associated with GPs’ confidence.Design and settingCross-sectional, self-report questionnaire in primary care, addressing identification, management and access to specialist services for children (under 12 years) with anxiety disorders.Participants971 GPs in England.Primary outcomesThe primary outcomes for this research was the extent to which GPs felt confident (1) identifying and (2) managing anxiety disorders in children.ResultsOnly 51% and 13% of GPs felt confident identifying and managing child anxiety disorders, respectively. A minority believed that their training in identification (21%) and management (10%) was adequate. Time restrictions inhibited identification and management, and long waiting times was a barrier to accessing specialist services. Being female (Ex(B)=1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9) and being in a less deprived practice (Ex(B)=1.1, 95% CI 1 to 1.1) was associated with higher confidence identifying childhood anxiety disorders. Being a parent of a child over the age of 5 (Ex(B)=2, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5) and being in a less deprived practice (Ex(B)=1.1, 95% CI 1 to 1.2) was associated with higher confidence in management. Receipt of psychiatric or paediatric training was not significantly associated with GP confidence.ConclusionsGPs believe they have a role in identifying and managing childhood anxiety disorders; however, their confidence appears to be related to their personal experience and the context in which they work, rather than their training, highlighting the need to strengthen GP training and facilitate access to resources and services to enable them to support children with these common but debilitating conditions.
Publicly insured caesarean sections in private hospitals: a repeated cross-sectional analysis in Chile
Authors: Borrescio-Higa Florencia , Valdés Nieves 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo measure the likelihood of delivery by caesarean section (C-section) for publicly insured births as compared with privately insured births, across all hospitals and within private hospitals.DesignRepeated cross-sectional analysis.SettingThe universe of hospital births in 15 regions of Chile.Participants2 405 082 singleton births between 2001 and 2014.Outcome measuresC-section rates by type of hospital and type of insurance; contribution to overall C-section rates of subgroups by type of insurance and type of hospital; adjusted OR of privately insured births delivered by C-section compared with publicly insured births, across all hospitals and within private hospitals; percentage of discharges related to maternal morbidity and mortality across groups; length of stay after delivery.ResultsAn increasing percentage of publicly insured births occur in private facilities each year. Approximately three out of four publicly insured births in private hospitals are delivered by C-section. The adjusted odd of C-section delivery in a private maternity unit is lower for those privately insured than for those with public insurance: OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.64. There is no evidence that these women would have been more likely to have a C-section out of medical necessity.ConclusionsWe find an association between high C-section rates and publicly insured women delivering at private institutions in Chile, and show that this group is driving the overall high and growing rates. There is a need for a more informed surveillance on the part of the public insurance system of its private providers’ C-section practices.