bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent parathyroid hormone promotes cementogenesis in a PKA‐ and ERK1/2‐dependent manner
Authors: Xu Yang , Lv Chunxiao , Zhang Jiawei , Li Yuyu , Li Tiancheng , Zhang Cheng , Chen Jianwei , Bai Ding , Yin Xing , Zou Shujuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes cementogenesis and provides a promising biotherapeutic to rehabilitate resorbed roots. However, the underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. Cyclic aenosine monophosphate (AMP)‐dependent protein kinases A (PKA) and extracellular signal‐regulated MAP kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) are key regulators of bone remodeling. The present study aims to investigate whether PKA and ERK1/2 are involved in the process of intermittent PTH‐promoted cementogenesis.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats in experimental group (n = 30) received a daily subcutaneous injection of PTH and the control (n = 30) received placebo vehicle for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. Results were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry staining. In vitro, OCCM‐30 cells were incubated with intermittent PTH. H89 and U0126 were used to determine the role of PKA and ERK1/2, respectively. The cementogenic results were analyzed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), western blotting, alkaline phosphatase activity assay and Alizarin Red S staining. The interaction of PKA and p‐ERK1/2 was determined by co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP).ResultsIntermittent PTH exerted anabolic effect on cellular cementum in developing teeth with elevated expression of osteocalcin, osteopontin, and PKA (catalytic subunit) in PTH injection group. The promoting effects of intermittent PTH on cementogenesis and osteogenic differentiation were abrogated by H89 and U0126 in vitro, respectively. Blocking of PKA pathway downregulated intermittent PTH‐induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation.ConclusionsIntermittent PTH promotes cementogenesis in a PKA‐ and ERK1/2‐dependent manner. In this process, PKA and p‐ERK1/2 interact with each other. These results support the future biotherapeutic applications of PTH in cementum resorption.
Surgical margins in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Current practices and future directions
Authors: Kain Joshua J. , Birkeland Andrew C. , Udayakumar Neha , Morlandt Anthony B. , Stevens Todd M. , Carroll William R. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Warram Jason M. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo discuss the current available techniques for intraoperative margin assessment in the surgical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through a review of the available literature.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken of the available English literature between 2008 through 2018 regarding surgical margins in OCSS. A total of 893 relevant articles were returned; 144 met criteria for review; and 64 articles were included.ResultsIn this review, we discuss the data surrounding the use of frozen section in OCSS. Additionally, alternative techniques for margin assessment are discussed, including Mohs, molecular analysis, nonfluorescent dyes, fluorescent dyes, autofluorescent imaging, narrow‐band imaging, optical coherence tomography, confocal microscopy, high‐resolution microendoscopy, and spectroscopy. For each technique, particular emphasis is placed on the local recurrence, disease‐free survival, and overall survival rates when available.ConclusionThis review provides support for the practice of specimen‐driven margin assessment when using frozen section analysis to improve the utility of the results. Finally, several alternatives for intraoperative margin assessment currently under investigation, including pathologic, wide‐field imaging and narrow‐field imaging techniques, are presented. We aim to fuel further investigation into methods for margin assessment that will improve survival for patients with OSCC through a critical analysis of the available techniques.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:128–138, 2020
Tribological property study of mercaptobenzothiazole‐containing borate derivatives and its synergistic antioxidative effects with N‐phenyl‐α‐naphthylamine
Authors: He Zhongyi , Xiong Liping , Liu Jian , Han Sheng , Hu Jianqiang , Xu Xin , Shen Mingxue 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe synthesised mercaptobenzothiazole‐containing borate ester (MTEB) and mercaptobenzothiazole‐containing borate (MTES) have good tribological performances in rapeseed oil (RSO). At 0.5 wt% concentration, MTEB and MTES can increase the extreme pressure value of RSO by 60.7% and 67.6%, respectively. The wear scar diameters (WSDs) of oil samples decrease with increase of MTEB (MTES) contents, and the antiwear effect of MTES is better than MTEB at the same condition, because of their polarity is different. There are similar results in the friction reduction performance. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results have shown that MTEB and MTES can form protective films on the metal surfaces that contain boron oxide, iron oxide, ferrous sulfate, iron sulfide (MTEB additive), and other organic nitrogen compounds. The different reaction films formed in the complex boundary possess extreme pressure and antiwear capability. MTES possessed good synergistic antioxidation effect with N‐phenyl‐α‐ naphthylamine (T531), because it increased the oxidation activation energy than RSO by 97.13% when 0.025 wt% MTES is mixed with 0.25% T531.
Visible Light Cross‐Linking of Gelatin Hydrogels Offers an Enhanced Cell Microenvironment with Improved Light Penetration Depth
Authors: Lim Khoon S. , Klotz Barbara J. , Lindberg Gabriella C. J. , Melchels Ferry P. W. , Hooper Gary J. , Malda Jos , Gawlitta Debby , Woodfield Tim B. F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, the cyto‐compatibility and cellular functionality of cell‐laden gelatin‐methacryloyl (Gel‐MA) hydrogels fabricated using a set of photo‐initiators which absorb in 400–450 nm of the visible light range are investigated. Gel‐MA hydrogels cross‐linked using ruthenium (Ru) and sodium persulfate (SPS), are characterized to have comparable physico‐mechanical properties as Gel‐MA gels photo‐polymerized using more conventionally adopted photo‐initiators, such as 1‐[4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐phenyl]‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐propan‐1‐one (Irgacure 2959) and lithium phenyl(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate (LAP). It is demonstrated that the Ru/SPS system has a less adverse effect on the viability and metabolic activity of human articular chondrocytes encapsulated in Gel‐MA hydrogels for up to 35 days. Furthermore, cell‐laden constructs cross‐linked using the Ru/SPS system have significantly higher glycosaminoglycan content and re‐differentiation capacity as compared to cells encapsulated using I2959 and LAP. Moreover, the Ru/SPS system offers significantly greater light penetration depth as compared to the I2959 system, allowing thick (10 mm) Gel‐MA hydrogels to be fabricated with homogenous cross‐linking density throughout the construct. These results demonstrate the considerable advantages of the Ru/SPS system over traditional UV polymerizing systems in terms of clinical relevance and practicability for applications such as cell encapsulation, biofabrication, and in situ cross‐linking of injectable hydrogels.
Influence of Cu on nanostructure of Fe3O4 particles
Authors: Ikeda Hiroshi , Samusawa Itaru , Tachibana Shunichi , Shiotani Kazuhiko , Hase Kazukuni 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCu is effective on the refinement of Fe3O4 rust particles but its mechanism is not clarified. In this study, the influence of Cu on the nanostructure of Fe3O4 particles was investigated through a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the artificially synthesized Fe3O4 particles formed with Cu2+ by various means. X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis showed that Cu is substituted for octahedral Fe and exists as CuxFe(3‐x)O4 in Fe3O4. The first‐principle calculation showed that lattice strain resulted around the substituted Cu. These results suggest that this lattice strain around substituted Cu inhibited the lattice growth and contributed to the refinement of Fe3O4 particles.
A probability model on the average properties for the further stepwise polymerization of prepolymers
Authors: Shiau Lie‐Ding 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYIn this work, a probability model is developed to calculate the average properties for the further stepwise polymerization of prepolymers. M͞n, M͞w, M͞z and M͞z+1 of the resulting polymer formed by the further polymerization of two A‐B prepolymers are derived as functions of the average properties of two reacting prepolymers and the conversion of the reaction. The developed model can be extended to derive other higher average molecular weights. This approach provides a useful scheme for obtaining the desired average properties of the resulting polymer from the average properties of two reacting prepolymers, instead of their complete distributions.
A case of transarterial and transvenous embolization for arteriovenous fistula with an aneurysmal component of the mandible after wisdom tooth extraction
Authors: Danjo Atsushi , Shimohira Daiji , Aijima Reona , Mori Keisuke , Tsuruoka Shoko , Yamashita Yoshio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report a clinical case featuring a good course of recovery during 7 years of follow‐up. A 25‐year‐old woman was referred with abnormal bleeding upon chewing, which developed in the distal gingival sulcus of the left second molar. Her left lower third molar had been extracted in our outpatient clinic 5 years prior. Image modalities confirmed the presence of an arteriovenous fistula in the mandibular body. We performed n‐butyl cyanoacrylate embolization of the nutrient artery, and direct coil embolization of the aneurysm from the vein. After 7 years of follow‐up, the lesion has diminished in size and no recurrence has been noted.
Beauty in life: An eye‐tracking study on young adults’ aesthetic evaluation and vitality judgment of pictorial representations of sleeping and dead subjects
Authors: Di Dio Cinzia , Massaro Davide , Savazzi Federica A. , Gallese Vittorio , Garau Tiziana , Gilli Gabriella , Marchetti Antonella 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPreferring life to death is deeply rooted in our biology. With the present study, we explored two questions: (1) Can this inclination be transposed to aesthetics, so that a living being is valued as more beautiful than a non‐living being? and (2) Are there any differences in the visual exploration of portrayals of a living compared to a dead human? In particular, are there any specific facial features representing the vitality status of a living or dead subject? By answering both questions, young adults’ eye gazing was analyzed while they observed, aesthetically judged, and judged the vitality status of faces extracted from paintings representing a sleeping or dead subject. The aesthetic preference for the stimuli as a function of vitality (living, dead) was assessed both during the eye‐tracking study and during a follow‐up priming behavioral experiment. The analysis of the responses given during the aesthetic judgment task in the eye‐tracking study revealed preference for the sleeping compared to the dead subjects, supporting proclivity to attribute greater aesthetic value to living beings. This evidence was substantially confirmed by the follow‐up priming behavioral study, which further showed a significant effect of explicit vitality labeling on the aesthetic evaluation of the portrayals of sleeping subjects. As far as the visual exploration of the stimuli is concerned, the main eye‐tracking results revealed great attention to the eye region of both sleeping and dead subjects, which was particularly enhanced for the sleeping compared to the dead subjects. For the latter stimuli, focused attention was also found to the mouth region. These results are discussed in light of different theoretical proposals, including the “embodied” theory of aesthetic perception based on the existence of mirror systems.
XRN1‐associated long non‐coding RNAs may contribute to fungal virulence and sexual development in entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Wang Yulong , Shao Ying , Zhu Yunlan , Wang Kun , Ma Bin , Zhou Qiumei , Chen Anhui , Chen Hongwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNumerous long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) identified and characterized in mammals, plants, and fungi have been found to play critical regulatory roles in biological processes. However, little is known about the role of lncRNAs in insect pathogenic fungi.RESULTSBy profiling the transcriptomes of sexual and asexual development in the insect‐pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris, 4140 lncRNAs were identified and found to be dynamically expressed during fungal development. The lncRNAs had shorter transcript lengths and lower numbers of exons compared to protein‐coding genes. The expressed target genes (neighboring and cis‐regulated) of various expressed lncRNAs were predicted, and these genes showed significant enrichment in energy metabolism and signaling pathways, such as ‘Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis’ and “MAPK signaling pathway”. To better understand how lncRNAs function in the fungus, xrn1, the final gene of the NMD pathway, which determines the fate of lncRNAs, was disrupted. The Δxrn1 deletion mutant displayed significant (P < 0.05) attenuation of virulence and a lower growth rate in C. militaris. Quantitative RT‐PCR results revealed 10 lncRNAs with significantly higher expression, while 8 of these 10 lncRNA target genes (virulence‐ and sexual development‐related) showed significantly lower expression in Δxrn1 compared to in the wild‐type, suggesting that lncRNA expression regulates fungal virulence and sexual development by affecting gene expression.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that lncRNAs in C. militaris play important roles in the fungal infection progress and fruiting body production, providing a broad repertoire and resource for further studies of lncRNAs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Urban impacts on the spatiotemporal pattern of short‐duration convective precipitation in a coastal city adjacent to a mountain range
Authors: Kusaka Hiroyuki , Nishi Akifumi , Mizunari Mayumi , Yokoyama Hitoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study examines urban impacts on short‐duration precipitation in an idealized coastal city adjacent to a mountain range using two‐dimensional idealized simulations performed with a modified version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. A unique aspect of this study is that an ensemble simulation approach with 243 members is used with sensitivity experiments to reduce uncertainty arising from nonlinearity in the precipitation simulation and to evaluate the statistical significance. Results of the experiments reveal that urbanization increases the precipitation leeward of the urban area and decreases it in the area further inland. These anomalies are statistically significant at the 99% level. Additional sensitivity experiments show that the urban influence on precipitation is slightly sensitive to the mountain height, urban scale and soil moisture, but not to the roughness length. Our analyses indicate that these precipitation changes arise because urbanization slows the sea‐breeze front, shifting the moisture convergence zone further inland. Additional analyses are done using the water‐budget equation and a linear theory on the diurnal variations of the planetary boundary layer. Results show that changes in the sea breezes and moisture transport arise from a decrease in surface pressure over the urban area associated with an increase in the surface sensible heat flux.
Biocomputing with Nanostructures on Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Seo Jinyoung , Kim Sungi , Park Ha H. , Nam Jwa‐Min 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiocomputation is the algorithmic manipulation of biomolecules. Nanostructures, most notably DNA nanostructures and nanoparticles, become active substrates for biocomputation when modified with stimuli‐responsive, programmable biomolecular ligands. This approach—biocomputing with nanostructures (“nano‐bio computing”)—allows autonomous control of matter and information at the nanoscale; their dynamic assemblies and beneficial properties can be directed without human intervention. Recently, lipid bilayers interfaced with nanostructures have emerged as a new biocomputing platform. This new nano‐bio interface, which exploits lipid bilayers as a chemical circuit board for information processing, offers a unique reaction space for realizing nanostructure‐based computation at a previously unexplored dimension. In this Concept, recent advances in nano‐bio computing are briefly reviewed and the newly emerging concept of biocomputing with nanostructures on lipid bilayers is introduced.
Sub‐10 nm Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide: Controllable Synthesis, Size‐Dependent and Extremely Ultrahigh Catalytic Activity
Authors: Wang Nannan , Guan Bo , Zhao Yao , Zou Ye , Geng Guangwei , Chen Penglei , Wang Fuyi , Liu Minghua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile tremendous advancements in Ag nanoparticle (AgNP)‐based materials have been made, the development of a facile protocol for preparing sub‐10 nm AgNPs with controllable size and ultrahigh performance remains a formidable challenge. It is shown that AgNPs/graphene oxide (AgNPs/GO) bearing 2.5, 4.3, and 6.2 nm AgNPs (2.5‐AgNPs/GO, 4.3‐AgNPs/GO, and 6.2‐AgNPs/GO, respectively) could be fabricated via light‐induced synthesis. Their catalytic activity toward 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) reduction, which is a “gold standard” for evaluating the performance of noble metal–based catalysts, is studied. When normalized by mole and area, the activity exhibits an order of 4.3‐AgNPs/GO > 6.2‐AgNPs/GO > 2.5‐AgNPs/GO and 6.2‐AgNPs/GO > 4.3‐AgNPs/GO > 2.5‐AgNPs/GO, respectively. This trend is a result of GO‐induced electron concentration reduction with decreasing AgNP size. Significantly, under similar conditions, the activity of 4.3‐AgNPs/GO is substantially superior to that of numerous state‐of‐the‐art noble metal–based catalysts. The ultrafine size of the AgNPs and their surface accommodation on the unobstructed 2D GO scaffolds without capping reagents/covers, which make the abundantly exposed catalytically active sites highly accessible to substrate molecules, play an important role in their extremely ultrahigh performance. This work paves a new avenue for high‐performance AgNP‐based materials, and by taking 4‐NP reduction as a proof‐of‐concept, provides new scientific insights into the rational design of surface‐based advanced materials.
UV Laser‐Induced Polyimide‐to‐Graphene Conversion: Modeling, Fabrication, and Application
Authors: Chen Yun , Long Junyu , Zhou Shuang , Shi Dachuang , Huang Yan , Chen Xin , Gao Jian , Zhao Ni , Wong Ching‐Ping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, graphene has shown great value in both fundamental sciences and practical applications. In spite of the intense research efforts on achieving chemical‐free, low‐temperature processing of high‐quality graphene, cost‐effective synthetic methods to directly fabricate graphene sheets on a substrate are still lacking. Laser‐induced graphene (LIG) is a recently developed method to directly form graphene from carbon‐rich materials. In this work, combined are theoretical and experimental approaches to systematically investigate the light‐material interactions in LIG fabrication processes. First, developed is a molecular dynamics model to disclose the transient formation process of LIG and identified are the critical parameters that govern this process. Following the theoretical prediction, developed is a system to utilize a picosecond UV laser to directly fabricate graphene from polyimide films at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure. After investigating the effects of the laser processing parameters on the LIG quality and subsequent processing optimization, it is experimentally demonstrated that picosecond UV laser processing can be used to prepare high‐quality LIG. With the newly developed LIG, fabricated is a high‐sensitive proximity sensor.
Model uncertainties and bias in SHEAR strength predictions of slender stirrup reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Olalusi Oladimeji B. , Viljoen Celeste 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrior studies point to high model uncertainty in shear prediction. Model factors for various shear prediction models are characterized here, based on a recent and well‐vetted database of shear failures. Characterization includes estimation of main statistical parameters; and importantly also correlation and regression analysis to assess consistency of model factors over ranges of design parameters. The aim of the study is to identify models suitable for use as general probabilistic model (GPM) in future reliability assessments. The Variable Strut Inclination Method (VSIM), shear level of approximation III of the fib Model Code 2010, and ACI 318 displayed high bias, variability and various correlations with shear input parameters which make them unsuitable choices for GPM. The compression chord capacity model and the modified compression field theory displayed low bias and variability with consistent model factors over the ranges of shear design parameters and are thus suitable as GPM. Concerns stem from observed inconsistency in capacity prediction by VSIM and size effect in ACI. Reliability assessment is advised.
An adaptive time‐stepping scheme for the numerical simulation of Cahn‐Hilliard equation with variable mobility
Authors: Shah Abdullah , Sabir Muhammad , Ayub Sana 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn spinodal decomposition phenomena, the initial perturbations evolve at a faster time scale while there is a slower growth at a later time. Therefore, using uniform small time‐steps for tracking the fast dynamics is computationally expensive. On the other hand, uniform large time‐steps may overlook the rapid changes. In this article, we propose an adaptive time‐stepping scheme for faster time scale simulations of spinodal decomposition by solving the Cahn‐Hilliard equation numerically. We consider the double well potential having a polynomial of 6th‐order along with 4th‐order polynomial for the variable mobility. A diagonally implicit fractional step θ‐scheme(DIFSTS) for temporal discretization while conforming finite element method for spatial discretization is used. Accuracy and efficiency of the method are given and simulations of 2D spinodal decomposition are illustrated graphically.