bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroticism is associated with higher antenatal care utilization in obstetric low‐risk women
Authors: Axfors Cathrine , Hellgren Charlotte , Volgsten Helena , Skoog Svanberg Agneta , Ekselius Lisa , Wikström Anna‐Karin , Ramklint Mia , Skalkidou Alkistis , Sundström‐Poromaa Inger 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionElevated neuroticism is associated with higher health care utilization in the general population. This study aimed to investigate the association between neuroticism and the use of publicly financed antenatal care in obstetric low‐risk women, taking predisposing and need factors for health care utilization into consideration.Material and methodsParticipants comprised 1052 obstetric low‐risk women (no chronic diseases or adverse pregnancy conditions) included in several obstetrics/gynecology studies in Uppsala, Sweden. Neuroticism was self‐rated on the Swedish universities Scales of Personality. Medical records of their first subsequent pregnancy were scanned for antenatal care use. Associations between antenatal care use and neuroticism were analyzed with logistic regression (binary outcomes) or negative binomial regression (count outcomes) comparing the 75th and 25th neuroticism percentiles. Depending on the Akaike information criterion the exposure was modeled as either linear or with restricted cubic splines. Analyses were adjusted for predisposing (sociodemographic and parity) and need factors (body mass index and psychiatric morbidity).ResultsAfter adjustment, women with higher neuroticism had more fetal ultrasounds (incidence rate ratio = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02‐1.16), more emergency visits to an obstetrician/gynecologist (incidence rate ratio = 1.22, 95% CI 1.03‐1.45) and were more likely to visit a fear‐of‐childbirth clinic (odds ratio = 2.71, 95% CI 1.71‐4.29). Moreover, they more often consulted midwives in specialized antenatal care facilities (significant J‐shaped association).ConclusionsNeuroticism was associated with higher utilization of publicly financed antenatal care in obstetric low‐risk women, even after adjusting for predisposing and need factors. Future studies should address the benefits of interventions as a complement to routine antenatal care programs to reduce subclinical anxiety.
Voriconazole‐induced QTc prolongation in a paediatric population
Authors: Pasternak Y , Shechter N , Loebstein R , Markovits N , Gueta I , Halkin H , Yarden‐Bilavsky H 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate Corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation (QTcP) in paediatric patients treated with voriconazole (VRC) and identify its associated risk factors in this setting.MethodsClinical, VRC‐related and QTc interval data were collected retrospectively from the electronic medical records of VRC‐treated paediatric patients attending a large tertiary medical centre in 2011–2016 who underwent electrocardiography before and during therapy. Paired comparison of QTc intervals before and during VRC treatment was performed, adjusted for concurrent medications, electrolyte disturbances and co‐morbidities.ResultsFifty‐five patients (mean age 10.1 ± 5.4 years) met the inclusion criteria; 34 had an oncologic or hemato‐oncologic diagnosis. Mean QTc interval was 402.8 ± 27.9 msec before VRC treatment and 440.0 ± 45.3 msec on treatment (p < 0.001). During treatment, 38 patients (61.8%) had QTcP ≥30 msec and 17 (30.9%), QTcP ≥60 msec; 10 patients (18.2%) had QTc ≥500 msec of whom one acquired torsades de pointes. On multivariate analysis, older age (p = 0.025), lower potassium level (p = 0.025) and longer baseline QTc (0.032) were associated QTcP ≥60 msec, but not daily or cumulative dose of VRC.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a high rate of clinically significant QTcP in VRC‐treated children. Proper QTc monitoring, together with laboratory monitoring and electrolyte imbalance correction, is important to prevent cardiac arrhythmias in this patient population.
Immunomodulatory effect of γ‐irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides on immunosuppressed broilers
Authors: Li Shan , Ren Lina , Zhu Xudong , Li Jiaolong , Zhang Lin , Wang Xiaofei , Gao Feng , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, we irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) using 25 kGy 60Co γ ray to obtain γ‐irradiated Astragalus polysaccharides (IAPS) and then investigated the effects of IAPS on growth performance and immune function of cyclophosphamide (CPM)‐treated broilers. The physicochemical properties of APS and IAPS (molecular weight, water solubility, viscosity, morphological and structural properties) were evaluated. Then, 384 one‐day‐old Arbor Acres broiler chicks with similar initial weight were randomly assigned into 6 groups: the non‐treated group (control), and CPM‐treated groups were fed either a basal diet or the diets containing 900 mg/kg APS, or 900, 600, 300 mg/kg IAPS, respectively. On days 16, 18, and 20, all broilers except for the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml CPM (40 mg/kg·BW). Broilers in the control group were intramuscularly injected with 0.5 ml sterilized saline (0.75%, wt/vol). This trial lasted for 21 days. The physicochemical treatment showed that γ irradiation could decrease the molecular weight and viscosity, and increase the water solubility of APS (p < 0.05), whereas the structural properties of APS was not affected. In the animal trial, 900 mg/kg APS or 900, 600 mg/kg IAPS relieved the decreased growth performance, thymus index, T lymphocytes proliferation, serum IgG concentration, NOS activity and the increased blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in CPM‐treated broilers (p < 0.05). CPM‐induced decreases in B lymphocytes proliferation and serum IgM concentration were only increased by IAPS at 900 mg/kg (p < 0.05). Overall, both APS and IAPS alleviated CPM‐induced immunosuppression. Especially, IAPS possessed better immunomodulatory effect than APS, indicating that γ irradiation could be used as an effective method to enhance the immunomodulatory activity of APS.
More present than absent: Men who use domestic violence and their fathering
Authors: Humphreys Cathy , Diemer Kristin , Bornemisza Anna , Spiteri‐Staines Anneliese , Kaspiew Rae , Horsfall Briony 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn earlier article referred to the “absent presence” of the perpetrator in the lives of children and their mothers who have lived with domestic violence. It identified the ways in which the shadow of the perpetrator continued and was evidenced in the “symptoms of abuse” that both women and children experienced in spite of his absence. The current article argues that fathers who use violence are actually more present than absent in the lives of children (and women), even following separation. A mixed method approach surveyed men in Men's Behaviour Change Programs (N = 101), and interviewed women who had experienced violence (N = 50). The studies reported that the majority of men in both the quantitative men's study (80%) and the qualitative women's study (77%) had substantial contact with children. The women's interviews highlight the problematic fathering that many of their children experienced, both before and after separation. They reported very high levels of child abuse and poor attitudes to both women and children.The article concludes that the family violence and child welfare systems are poorly configured to address fathers who use violence and continue to hold substantial parenting roles, including following separation.
Potential effects of global climate change on fisheries in the Trasimeno Lake (Italy), with special reference to the goldfish Carassius auratus invasion and the endemic southern pike Esox cisalpinus decline
Authors: Carosi Antonella , Ghetti Lucia , Padula Rosalba , Lorenzoni Massimo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGlobal climate changes have led to a gradual warming of the planet, resulting in decreased precipitation and rising temperatures in Mediterranean inland waters. In Trasimeno Lake, the largest shallow lake in Italy, some non‐native fish species have probably benefited from these changes as they are thermophilic and characterised by wider habitat preferences. Fish data collected by gillnets and fyke nets between 1956 and 2016, and by electrofishing in 1993 and 2014, were used to analyse changes over time in the fish community in relation to environmental conditions. An explosion in goldfish Carassius auratus (L.), following its introduction in 1988, coupled with water level fluctuations and reduced transparency, contributed to the reduction in commercial fish catch in the lake, and to the decline of the endemic southern pike Esox cisalpinus Bianco & Delmastro, already threatened by reduced spawning habitat and interspecific competition with other non‐native predatory fishes.
Punching above their weight: Large release of greenhouse gases from small agricultural dams
Authors: Ollivier Quinn R. , Maher Damien T. , Pitfield Chris , Macreadie Peter I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems play a major role in global carbon cycling through the breakdown of organic material and release of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions from lakes, wetlands, reservoirs and small natural ponds have been well studied, however, the GHG emissions of highly abundant, small‐scale (<0.01 km2) agricultural dams (small stream and run‐off impoundments) are still unknown. Here, we measured the diffusive CO2 and CH4 flux of 77 small agricultural dams within south‐east Australia. The GHG emissions from these waterbodies, which are currently unaccounted for in GHG inventories, amounted to 11.12 ± 2.59 g CO2‐equivalent m2/day, a value 3.43 times higher than temperate reservoir emissions. Upscaling these results to the entire state of Victoria, Australia, resulted in a farm dam CO2‐equivalent/day emission rate of 4,853 tons, 3.1 times higher than state‐wide reservoir emissions in spite of farm dams covering only 0.94 times the comparative area. We also show that CO2 and CH4 emission rates were both significantly positively correlated with dissolved nitrate concentrations, and significantly higher in livestock rearing farm dams when compared to cropping farm dams. The results from this study demonstrate that small agricultural farm dams can be a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, thereby justifying their inclusion in global carbon budgets.
Environmental and physiochemical controls on coral calcification along a latitudinal temperature gradient in Western Australia
Authors: Ross Claire L. , DeCarlo Thomas M. , McCulloch Malcolm T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe processes that occur at the micro‐scale site of calcification are fundamental to understanding the response of coral growth in a changing world. However, our mechanistic understanding of chemical processes driving calcification is still evolving. Here, we report the results of a long‐term in situ study of coral calcification rates, photo‐physiology, and calcifying fluid (cf) carbonate chemistry (using boron isotopes, elemental systematics, and Raman spectroscopy) for seven species (four genera) of symbiotic corals growing in their natural environments at tropical, subtropical, and temperate locations in Western Australia (latitudinal range of ~11°). We find that changes in net coral calcification rates are primarily driven by pHcf and carbonate ion concentration []cf in conjunction with temperature and DICcf. Coral pHcf varies with latitudinal and seasonal changes in temperature and works together with the seasonally varying DICcf to optimize []cf at species‐dependent levels. Our results indicate that corals shift their pHcf to adapt and/or acclimatize to their localized thermal regimes. This biological response is likely to have critical implications for predicting the future of coral reefs under CO2‐driven warming and acidification.
Peril and possibility: A contemplation of the current state of migration history and settler colonial studies in Canada
Authors: Madokoro Laura 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the trajectory of research on immigration history, now migration history, in Canada over the past 50 years and highlights recent points of intersection with the newly established field of settler colonial studies. The article concludes by positing questions about the possibility of building on these points of intersection and dissension in future research in these fields.
Efficacy and safety of switching to dolutegravir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TDF in virologically suppressed HIV‐infected patients in clinical practice: results from a multicentre, observational study
Authors: Baldin G , Ciccullo A , Capetti A , Rusconi S , Sterrantino G , Cossu MV , Giacomelli A , Lagi F , Latini A , Bagella P , De Luca A , Di Giambenedetto S , Madeddu G 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of switching antiretroviral therapy to dolutegravir + emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with those of switching to elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TDF in clinical practice.MethodsIn a multicentre real‐life observational study, we analysed data for HIV‐infected patients on antiretroviral treatment with viral load < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL switching to dolutegravir + emtricitabine/TDF (dolutegravir group) or elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TDF (elvitegravir group). Follow‐up was censored at 48 weeks.ResultsThe 48‐week estimated proportion maintaining virological efficacy was 96.1% with dolutegravir (n = 123) and 95.4% with elvitegravir (n = 186; P = 0.941). Patients in the dolutegravir group showed more treatment discontinuations, but these were mainly as a result of simplification. The elvitegravir group showed more discontinuations because of renal adverse events (2.7% versus 0% with dolutegravir). Interestingly, no difference was observed between the two regimens in central nervous system toxicity‐related discontinuations. Switching to dolutegravir was associated with a better blood lipid profile.ConclusionsSwitching to dolutegravir + emtricitabine/TDF was associated with similar efficacy and tolerability to switching to elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TDF in virologically suppressed patients in clinical practice, although reasons for discontinuation showed differences between regimens. These results should be interpreted with caution, as this is a nonrandomized comparison.
Meta‐analysis of risk and protective factors for gastrointestinal bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Wang Lan , Pei Dajun , Ouyang Yan‐Qiong , Nie Xiaofei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo quantitatively analyse factors related to gastrointestinal bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention and provide evidence for the prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding.Data Sources and Review MethodsCochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, and Ovid databases were searched from inception to 31 May 2018; case‐control and cohort studies published in English were included. The methodological quality of each study was assessed by two independent reviewers using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analysis was performed using Revman version 5.3.ResultsA total of 16 publications yielded data about risk factors. It was found that age older than 70 years, age (per 10‐year increase), female sex, baseline anaemia, history of smoking, history of using alcohol, history of peptic ulcer disease, chronic renal failure, previous bleeding, shock, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, prior use of inotropic medications, and prior use of antithrombotic medications were positively associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. Four articles yielded data about protective factors. It was found that proton‐pump inhibitor and bivalirudin therapy were negatively associated with gastrointestinal bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention.ConclusionThis research found risk and protective factors which can assist in effective management of this potentially fatal complication.
An anatomy of zero‐hour contracts in the UK
Authors: Koumenta Maria , Williams Mark 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present the first attempt to locate zero‐hour contract (ZHC) jobs—jobs that lack a guaranteed minimum number of hours—within theoretical frameworks of the employment relationship and occupational class and empirically explore their characteristics using successive UK Labour Force Survey. In line with these theories, we find this contentious form of employment to be strongly differentiated by the nature of occupational tasks and to overlap with nonstandard employment features (e.g. part‐time and temporary). They are also highly concentrated in a small number of occupations and sectors, with over half of ZHC jobs found in just 10 occupations. We further show that ZHCs are associated with indicators of inferior job quality such as low pay and underemployment. Although we find no evidence that ZHCs are a particularly pervasive feature of the UK labour market, further growth cannot be ruled out in certain occupations.
Dehydrated Na6[AlSiO4]6 sodalite as a promising SO2 sorbent material: A first principles thermodynamics prediction
Authors: Wang Yinglou , Jiang Yong , Hu Shuanglin , Peng Sai , Xu Canhui , Lu Anxian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe capture of sulfur dioxide (SO2) using dehydrated Na6[AlSiO4]6 sodalite was investigated using the first principles density functional theory calculations and thermodynamics analysis. The adsorption geometries, energetics, and electronic structures were predicted with the increasing number of SO2 adsorbates. Upon adsorption, the S atom of single SO2 molecule tends to align to the framework O2− and the two oxygen atoms are oriented to the framework Na+, through electrostatic interactions and with a minor charge transfer. Increasing the number of SO2 adsorbates, the Na6[AlSiO4]6 sodalite framework shrinks first and then expands. Statistical thermodynamics analysis suggests that the capture reaches its saturation limit of four SO2 molecules per Na6[AlSiO4]6 formula (~300 mg/g) at room temperature and a low SO2 partial pressure of 0.001 atm, indicating that dehydrated Na6[AlSiO4]6 can be an efficient SO2 sorbent even at its extremely low concentrations. Higher SO2 partial pressures lead to a higher capture capacity. A low baking temperature of 100‐150°C can efficiently release the adsorbed SO2 and hence restore the capture capacity of Na6[AlSiO4]6.
Slag‐fly ash and slag‐metakaolin binders: Part II—Properties of precursors and NMR study of poorly ordered phases
Authors: Sankar Kaushik , Sutrisno Andre , Kriven Waltraud M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSodium silicate‐activated slag‐fly ash binders (SFB) and slag‐metakaolin binders (SMKB) are room‐temperature hardening binders that have excellent mechanical properties and a significantly lower carbon footprint than ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The aim of this study was to use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the nanostructure of poorly ordered phases in SFB by varying slag/fly ash ratio, curing time, and curing temperature. Fly ash was completely substituted with metakaolin and the effect of this substitution on the poorly ordered phases was studied. It was observed that the proportion of geopolymer was generally higher in SMKB when compared to SFB. Although C–N–A–S–H and geopolymer coexisted in SFB and SMKB, C–N–A–S–H was the major product phase formed. The mean chain length (MCL) and the structure of C–N–A–S–H gel were estimated as a function of time, temperature, and slag/fly ash ratio. The MCL was found to have a negative correlation with slag/fly ash ratio and Ca/(Si+Al) ratio, but positive correlation with curing temperature. The average Si/Al atom ratios for geopolymers were also estimated. Lastly, the increased proportion of five‐coordinated aluminum (Al(V)) in metakaolin resulted in the decreased unreacted metakaolin in the hardened binder but did not increase the geopolymer content.
The role of psychological distress in the relationship between the severity of pressure injury and pain intensity in hospitalized adults
Authors: Kim Junglyun , Lyon Debra , Weaver Michael T. , Keenan Gail , Chen Xinguang (Jim) 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsTo examine the effect of psychological distress in mediating the relationship between the severity of pressure injury and pain intensity in hospitalized adults.BackgroundDespite the prevalence of pressure injury (previously known as pressure ulcers) in hospitalized adults, the current knowledge of pain associated with pressure injury is limited and findings are inconsistent. There is also a lack of understanding of the relationship between psychological distress and pain from pressure injury.DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional secondary analysis of data from electronic health records.MethodsThe data were retrieved from the third day of admission in the period between 2013 ‐ 2016 through the Integrated Data Repository (IDR). Electronic health records were reviewed to collect data as needed. The mediation effect was tested by using path analysis implemented through Mplus.ResultsPath analysis revealed that the severity of pressure injuries and psychological distress have significant direct effects on pain intensity in hospitalized adults. However, the relationship between the severity of pressure injury and pain intensity was not significantly mediated by psychological distress.ConclusionHospitalized adults who have more severe pressure injury and more treatments for psychological distress experienced greater pain intensity. Healthcare providers must pay attention to treating psychological distress among hospitalized adults to manage pain. Further study is needed to validate these findings and it should incorporate more appropriate measures of psychological distress. The lack of standardized nursing documentation in electronic health records severely limits the usefulness of data from electronic health records for nursing research.
Mathematical modeling of wheat hydration: Process and starch properties
Authors: Mattioda Fernanda , de Matos Jorge Luiz Mario , Jorge Regina Maria Matos 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrevious studies of kinetic and mathematical modeling of wheat hydration did not present the thermal and morphological properties of the starch, nor did they investigate the thermodynamic properties involved in hydration. Therefore, in this study the starch properties were determined and related to the hydration kinetic, as well as the mathematical models were fitted to experimental data and the thermodynamic properties were estimated. The thermal and morphological characterization of the starch shows that there was a partial gelatinization of the starch in one of the temperatures tested. Peleg and Omoto‐Jorge Model allowed satisfactorily describing the moisture gain under various thermal conditions, and generalized Peleg equation best represented the experimental data. The thermodynamic properties involved in wheat hydration were estimated, and this allows us to conclude that the process is endothermic and non‐spontaneous.Practical applicationsThis study allowed to investigate the wheat hydration and to understand the phenomena involved in the process, from the kinetic study and the thermal and morphological properties of the starch. This information can help, in a simple and practical way, in the monitoring and control of industrial processes and in the development of new wheat products. Mathematical models were fitted to the hydration experimental data, which allow the simulation and control of the industrial hydration process in an inexpensive and simple way. In addition, this study presents the estimation of the thermodynamic properties of hydration process, which makes it possible to investigate the energy involved in the process.