bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptual Range, Targeting Ability, and Visual Habitat Detection by Greater Fritillary Butterflies Speyeria cybele (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Speyeria atlantis
Authors: MacDonald Zachary G , Acorn John H , Zhang Jian , Nielsen Scott E 
Published: June 2019

AbstractButterflies are widely invoked as model organisms in studies of metapopulation and dispersal processes. Integral to such investigations are understandings of perceptual range; the maximum distance at which organisms are able to detect patches of suitable habitat. To infer perceptual range, researchers have released butterflies at varying distances from habitat patches and observed their subsequent flight behaviors. It is often assumed that butterflies rely on visual senses for habitat detection; however, this assumption has not been explicitly investigated. Here, we assess the extent and sensory determinants of perceptual range for the great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele (Fabricius, 1775)) and Atlantis fritillary (Speyeria atlantis (W.H. Edwards, 1862)). This was achieved by experimentally releasing butterflies over open water at various distances from a lake island, representing an isolated habitat patch in a dichotomous habitat-matrix landscape. To infer whether butterflies rely on vision for habitat detection, we exposed a subset of butterflies to a series of intense light flashes before release to induce flash blindness (bleaching of photoreceptive rhodopsins) without affecting olfaction. Flashed individuals were 30.1 times less likely to successfully navigate to the target island after release, suggesting butterflies rely primarily on visual senses to navigate fragmented landscapes. For unflashed butterflies, the likelihood of successful navigation decreased by a factor of 2.1 for every 10 m increase in release distance. However, no specific distance threshold for perceptual range was observed. We therefore suggest that perceptual range is best viewed as a continuum of probabilities (targeting ability), reflecting the likelihood of habitat detection across a range of distances.
Scrotal Dartos-Fascio-Myo-Cutaneous flaps for penis reconstruction after iatrogenic skin shaft sub-amputation
Authors: Moussa Mohamad , Abou Chakra Mohamed 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Penile amputation is an uncommon genital injury, the causes of penile trauma are varied; it can be iatrogenic or caused by traffic accidents, burns, circumcision, animal bites, gunshots or self‐mutilation. The type and extent of penile trauma vary from mild to severe injuries, sometimes even with total amputation. A wide variety of surgical options exist for penile reconstruction. Often, not only the surgical but also psychological aspects of treatment will determine the success or failure of therapy. Regardless of the method of reconstruction, the goals of surgery remain the same; these include creating a functional and esthetic phallus. We present a case of 49-year-old male diabetic presented for penile reconstruction after iatrogenic skin shaft sub-amputation post penile implant surgery complications done 1 year ago in a country where technical experts for this surgery are absent. Dartos Fascio-Myo-Cutaneous Flaps for penile skin loss is used with satisfactory results.
Observable features of GW170817 kilonova afterglow
Authors: Kathirgamaraju Adithan , Giannios Dimitrios , Beniamini Paz 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The neutron star merger, GW170817, was followed by an optical-infrared transient (a kilonova) which indicated that a substantial ejection of mass at trans-relativistic velocities occurred during the merger. Modelling of the kilonova is able to constrain the kinetic energy of the ejecta and its characteristic velocity but, not the high-velocity distribution of the ejecta. Yet, this distribution contains crucial information on the merger dynamics. In this work, we assume a power-law distribution of the form E(&gt; βΓ) ∝ (βΓ)−α for the energy of the kilonova ejecta and calculate the non-thermal signatures produced by the interaction of the ejecta with the ambient gas. We find that ejecta with minimum velocity β0 ≃ 0.3 and energy E ∼ 1051 erg, as inferred from kilonova modelling, has a detectable radio, and possibly X-ray, afterglow for a broad range of parameter space. This afterglow component is expected to dominate the observed emission on a time-scale of a few years post-merger and peak around a decade later. Its light curve can be used to determine properties of the kilonova ejecta and, in particular, the ejecta velocity distribution α, the minimum velocity β0, and its total kinetic energy E. We also predict that an afterglow rebrightening, that is associated with the kilonova component, will be accompanied by a shift of the centroid of the radio source towards the initial position of the explosion.
The hidden giant: discovery of an enormous Galactic dwarf satellite in Gaia DR2
Authors: Torrealba G , Belokurov V , Koposov S E , Li T S , Walker M G , Sanders J L , Geringer-Sameth A , Zucker D B , Kuehn K , Evans N W , Dehnen W 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a Milky Way satellite in the constellation of Antlia. The Antlia 2 dwarf galaxy is located behind the Galactic disc at a latitude of b ∼ 11° and spans 1.26°, which corresponds to ∼2.9 kpc at its distance of 130 kpc. While similar in spatial extent to the Large Magellanic Cloud, Antlia 2 is orders of magnitude fainter at MV = −9 mag, making it by far the lowest surface brightness system known (at ∼31.9 mag arcsec−2), ∼100 times more diffuse than the so-called ultra diffuse galaxies. The satellite was identified using a combination of astrometry, photometry, and variability data from Gaia Data Release 2, and its nature confirmed with deep archival DECam imaging, which revealed a conspicuous BHB signal. We have also obtained follow-up spectroscopy using AAOmega on the AAT, identifying 159 member stars, and we used them to measure the dwarf’s systemic velocity, 290.9 ± 0.5 km s−1, its velocity dispersion, 5.7 ± 1.1 km s−1, and mean metallicity, [Fe/H] = −1.4. From these properties we conclude that Antlia 2 inhabits one of the least dense dark matter (DM) haloes probed to date. Dynamical modelling and tidal-disruption simulations suggest that a combination of a cored DM profile and strong tidal stripping may explain the observed properties of this satellite. The origin of this core may be consistent with aggressive feedback, or may even require alternatives to cold dark matter (such as ultra-light bosons).
Inquiring into the nature of the Abell 2667 brightest cluster galaxy: physical properties from MUSE
Authors: Iani E , Rodighiero G , Fritz J , Cresci G , Mancini C , Tozzi P , Rodríguez-Muñoz L , Rosati P , Caminha G B , Zanella A , Berta S , Cassata P , Concas A , Enia A , Fadda D , Franceschini A , Liu A , Mercurio A , Morselli L , Pérez-González P G , Popesso P , Sabatini G , Vernet J , van Weeren R J 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Based on HST and MUSE data, we probe the stellar and gas properties (i.e. kinematics, stellar mass, star formation rate) of the radio-loud brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) located at the centre of the X-ray-luminous cool-core cluster Abell 2667 (z = 0.2343). The bi-dimensional modelling of the BCG surface brightness profile reveals the presence of a complex system of substructures extending all around the galaxy. Clumps of different size and shape plunged into a more diffuse component constitute these substructures, whose intense ‘blue’ optical colour hints at the presence of a young stellar population. Our results depict the BCG as a massive (M⋆ ≃ 1.38 × 1011 M⊙) dispersion-supported spheroid (Δv⋆ ≤ 150 km s−1, σ0 ∼ 216 km s−1) hosting an active supermassive black hole (MSMBH ≃ 3.8 × 109 M⊙) whose optical features are typical of low-ionization nuclear emission line regions. Although the velocity pattern of the stars in the BCG is irregular, the stellar kinematics in the regions of the clumps show a positive velocity of ∼100 km s−1, similarly to the gas component. An analysis of the mechanism giving rise to the observed lines in the clumps through empirical diagnostic diagrams points out that the emission is composite, suggesting contribution from both star formation and an active galactic nucleus. We conclude our analysis describing how scenarios of both chaotic cold accretion and merging with a gas-rich disc galaxy can efficaciously explain the phenomena the BCG is undergoing.
Adrenal adaptation in potassium-depleted men: role of progesterone?
Authors: Blanchard Anne , Brailly Tabard Sylvie , Lamaziere Antonin , Bergerot Damien , Zhygalina Valentina , Lorthioir Aurélien , Jacques Antoine , Hourton Delphine , Azizi Michel , Crambert Gilles 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn rodents, the stimulation of adrenal progesterone is necessary for renal adaptation under potassium depletion. Here, we sought to determine the role of progesterone in adrenal adaptation in potassium-depleted healthy human volunteers and compared our findings with data collected in patients with Gitelman syndrome (GS), a salt-losing tubulopathy.MethodsTwelve healthy young men were given a potassium-depleted diet for 7 days at a tertiary referral medical centre (NCT02297048). We measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectroscopy plasma steroid concentrations at Days 0 and 7 before and 30 min after treatment with tetracosactide. We compared these data with data collected in 10 GS patients submitted to tetracosactide test.ResultsThe potassium-depleted diet decreased plasma potassium in healthy subjects by 0.3 ± 0.1 mmol/L, decreased plasma aldosterone concentration by 50% (P = 0.0332) and increased plasma 17-hydroxypregnenolone concentration by 45% (P = 0.0232) without affecting other steroids. CYP17 activity, as assessed by 17-hydroxypregnenolone/pregnenolone ratio, increased by 60% (P = 0.0389). As compared with healthy subjects, GS patients had 3-fold higher plasma concentrations of aldosterone, 11-deoxycortisol (+30%) and delta 4-androstenedione (+14%). Their post-tetracosactide progesterone concentration was 2-fold higher than that of healthy subjects and better correlated to plasma potassium than to plasma renin.ConclusionThe increase in 17-hydroxypregnenolone concentration after mild potassium depletion in otherwise healthy human subjects suggests that 17 hydroxylation of pregnenolone prevents the increase in progesterone observed in potassium-depleted mice. The unexpected over-response of non-mineralocorticoid steroids to tetracosactide in GS subjects suggests that the adrenal system not only adapts to sodium depletion but may also respond to hypokalaemia.
A Bibliometric Analysis of Neurosurgical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Lepard Jacob R , Walters Beverly C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In the last 20 yr, the rate of neurosurgical guideline publication has increased. However, despite the higher volume and increasing emphasis on quality there remains no reliable means of measuring the overall impact of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).

OBJECTIVE
To utilize citation analysis to evaluate the dispersion of neurosurgical CPGs.

METHODS
A list of neurosurgical guidelines was compiled by performing electronic searches using the Scopus (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands) and National Guideline Clearinghouse databases. The Scopus database was queried to obtain current publication and citation data for all included documents and categorized based upon recognized neurosurgical specialties. The h-index, R-index, h2
-index, i10-index, and dissemination index (D-Index) were manually calculated for each subspecialty.

RESULTS
After applying screening criteria the search yielded 372 neurosurgical CPGs, which were included for bibliometric analysis. The overall calculated h-index for neurosurgery was 56. When broken down by subspecialty trauma/critical care had the highest value at 35, followed by spine and peripheral nerve at 30, cerebrovascular at 28, tumor at 16, pediatrics at 14, miscellaneous at 11, and functional/stereotactic/pain at 6. Cerebrovascular neurosurgery was noted to have the highest D-Index at 3.4.

CONCLUSION
A comprehensive framework is useful for guideline impact analysis. Bibliometric data provides a novel and adequate means of evaluating the successful dissemination of neurosurgical guidelines. There remains a paucity of data regarding implementation and clinical outcomes of individual guidelines.
The Law Commissions: Constitutional Arrangements and the Rule of Law†
Authors: Kenny Susan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This review article considers two publications concerning the Law Commissions created under the Law Commissions Act 1965: Fifty Years of the Law Commissions: The Dynamics of Law Reform, a collection of essays edited by Dyson, Lee and Wilson Stark, and Wilson Stark’s monograph, The Work of the British Law Commissions: Law Reform … Now? The writers demonstrate how the Commissions’ law reform work has made a unique contribution to the improved operation of the legal system and how they must continue to adapt to changes in the constitutional arrangements within which they discharge their statutory duties. The review article focuses on key issues identified in Wilson Stark’s separate study—codification, project selection and legislative implementation, and the scope of judicial law reform. Attention is also drawn to the need for the Commissions to have effective capacity to discharge their rule of law function by promoting fair, intelligible, accessible and up-to-date law.
Chasing after flavor symmetries of quarks from the bottom up
Authors: Kawamura Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe explore a flavor structure of quarks in the standard model under the assumption that flavor symmetries exist in a theory beyond the standard model, and seek their properties, using a bottom-up approach. We reacknowledge that a flavor-symmetric part of the Yukawa coupling matrix can be realized by a rank-one matrix, and a democratic-type matrix occupies a special position, based on Dirac’s naturalness.
Best teaching practices in the first year of the pilot implementation of the project DrIVE-MATH
Authors: Pinto Carla , Nicola Susana , Mendonça Jorge , Velichová Daniela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Fourth Industrial Revolution era has arrived, according to the World Economic Forum. Everything is changing (viz., artificial intelligence, automation, intelligent robots, self-driving cars and genetic editing) and exciting opportunities accompanied with major challenges come to the surface. On the other hand, major difficulties may also rise, namely technological unemployment and poverty. How can governments, educators and parents prepare the present and future generations to thrive in this increasingly changing world? What is the Education of the Fourth Industrial Revolution age? The education of the new era must transform itself to be able to provide students with the scientific and soft skills needed in the 21st century. Students must actively apply and update their knowledge, must be critical thinkers, problem solvers, curious, imaginative, collaborative, communicators. As Alvin Toffler says in his book Future Shock (1970) ‘The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn.’ DrIVE-MATH—Development of Innovative Mathematical Teaching Strategies in European Engineering Degrees’ virtual team was designed to develop a novel and integrated framework to teach math classes in engineering courses, at the university level. Its major goal is to apply novel teaching methodologies to teach math courses to future engineers. DrIVE-MATH emerged from the need to prepare and develop essential competences in engineering students, key to their success in the rapidly changing and dynamic workplace. The teachers involved in the project strongly believe that the implemented active-learning methodologies provide better scientific and soft skills support to the future engineers. In this paper, we present the results of the first year (pilot) implementation of the project DrIVE-MATH at the School of Engineering of the Polytechnic of Porto.
Simulation to Predict Effect of Citywide Events on Emergency Department Operations
Authors: Ferraro Nicole M. , Day Theodore Eugene 
Published: June 2019

Summary:
Medical emergency preparedness has been an issue of medical relevance since the advent of hospital care. Studies have simulated emergency department (ED) overcrowding but not yet characterized effects of large-scale, planned events that drastically alter a city’s demography, such as in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the 2015 World Meeting of Families. A discrete event simulation of the ED at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia was designed and validated using past data. The model was used to predict the patient length of stay (LOS) and number of admitted patients if the arrival stream to the ED were to change by 50% from typical arrivals in either direction. We compared the model’s estimations with data produced during the papal visit that had 39.65% fewer patient arrivals. For validation, the simulated mean LOS was 226.1 ± 173.3 minutes (mean ± SD) for all patients and 352.1 ± 170.3 minutes for admitted patients. Real-world mean LOSs for the fiscal year 2014 were 230.6 ± 134.8 for all patients and 345.0 ± 147.7 for admitted patients. For the estimation of the World Meeting of Families, the simulation accurately estimated the LOS of both patients overall and admitted patients within 10%. These results show that it is possible to use simulations to project the patient flow effects in EDs in case of large-scale events. Providing efficient care is essential to emergency operations, and projections of demand are crucial for targeting appropriate changes during large-scale events. Analysis of validated computer simulations allows for evidence-based decision making in a complex clinical environment.
Impact of a Pressure Injury Prevention Bundle in the Solutions for Patient Safety Network
Authors: Frank Gary , Walsh Kathleen E. , Wooton Sharyl , Bost Jim , Dong Wei , Keller Leah , Miller Michelle , Zieker Karen , Brilli Richard J. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Our objective was to describe changes in pressure injury (PI) rates in pediatric hospitals after implementation of an active surveillance and prevention bundle and to assess the impact of bundle elements.

Methods:
The Children’s Hospitals Solutions for Patient Safety (SPS) Network is a learning collaborative working together to eliminate harm to hospitalized children. SPS used a 3-pronged approach to prevent pressure injuries: (1) active surveillance, (2) implementing and measuring compliance with the prevention bundle, and (3) deploying a wound ostomy team. Among hospitals participating since 2011 (phase 1), we used negative binomial analyses to assess change in PI rates. Only phase 1 hospitals had a baseline period before any prevention bundle intervention. Among all hospitals participating in 2013 (phases 1 and 2), we used funnel charts to assess the association between reliable bundle implementation and PI rates.

Results:
Among the 33 hospitals that participated in SPS from 2011 to 2013 (phase 1), the rate of stage 3 pressure injuries declined from 0.06 to 0.03 per 1,000 patient-days (P < 0.001). Stage 4 pressure injuries declined from 0.01 to 0.004 per 1,000 patient-days (P = 0.02). Among all 78 hospitals in phases 1 and 2, the cohort that adopted each bundle element, measured compliance, and achieved 80% prevention bundle compliance had significantly lower PI rates compared with all hospitals.

Conclusions:
SPS hospitals saw a significant reduction in stage 3 and 4 PIs over a 2-year period. Reliable implementation of each element of a prevention bundle was associated with lower PI rates.
Variation in Gentamicin Dosing and Monitoring in Pediatric Units across New South Wales
Authors: Saddi Vishal , Preddy John , Dalton Sarah , Connors John , Patterson Sarah 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with broad-spectrum bactericidal activity and is widely used in pediatric units to treat infection with susceptible organisms. This study aimed to describe the dosage regimen for gentamicin and approach to its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) among the pediatric units within the state of New South Wales (NSW).

Methods:
A questionnaire was sent electronically to representatives of 40 pediatric units in NSW, requesting details of each unit’s gentamicin dosing and TDM policy.

Results:
A total of 35 units responded to the survey. The majority (63%) of the units used a dose of 7.5 mg/kg of gentamicin in patients with normal renal function. More than half of the units (54%) did not have a local gentamicin dosing protocol and relied on other sources for dosing regimens. Dosing responses varied from a dose of 6 mg/kg once daily for patients more than 10 years of age to 7 mg/kg once daily on day 1, followed by 5 mg/kg once daily for patients over 10 years of age. For TDM of gentamicin, 63% of units indicated use of trough levels and 23% units used the Hartford Nomogram.

Conclusions:
A significant variation exists in clinical practice among pediatric units in NSW on gentamicin dosing and TDM guidelines. There is an urgent need for collaboration among nursing, medical, and pharmacy experts to achieve consensus to develop and adopt statewide uniform guidelines on gentamicin dosing and TDM.
Improving Apparent Cause Analysis Reliability: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Crandall Kristen M. , Sten May-Britt , Almuhanna Ahmed , Fahey Lisbeth , Shah Rahul K. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
Apparent cause analysis (ACA) is a process in quality improvement used to examine events. A baseline assessment of completed ACAs at a tertiary care free-standing pediatric academic hospital revealed they were ineffective due to low-quality analysis, unreliable action plans, and poor spread, leading to error recurrence. The goal of this project was to increase ACA action plan reliability scores while maintaining or decreasing turnaround time.

Methods:
The Model for Improvement served as the framework for this quality improvement initiative. We developed a key driver diagram, established measures, tested interventions using plan- do-study-act cycles, and implemented the effective interventions. To measure reliability, we created a high reliability toolkit that links each action item/intervention to a level of reliability and scored each ACA action plan to determine overall reliability score. Action plans scored as low level of reliability required revision before implementation.

Results:
Average ACA action plan reliability scores increased from 86.4% to 96.1%. ACA turnaround time decreased from a baseline of 13 days to 8.6 days. Stakeholders reported a subjective increase in satisfaction with the revamped ACA process.

Conclusions:
Incorporating high reliability principles into ACA action plan development increased the effectiveness of ACA while decreasing turnaround time. The high reliability toolkit was instrumental in providing an organizational resource for approaching this subset of cause analyses. The toolkit provides a way for safety/quality leaders to connect with stakeholders to design highly reliable solutions that improve safety for patients, families, and staff.