bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Contamination of a Marking Pen in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ridley Taylor J. , Rud Christopher T. , Krych Aaron J. , Macalena Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2018

Background: A sterile surgical marking pen is commonly used during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to outline the proposed skin incision and then to mark the graft during preparation. Once in contact with the skin, the pen is a potential source of bacterial transmission and subsequent infections after ACLR. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to assess whether the skin marking pen is a fomite for contamination during arthroscopic ACLR. We hypothesized that there would be a difference in the rate of culture-positive pens between control pens and the study pens used to delineate the proposed skin incision. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty surgical marking pens were collected prospectively from patients undergoing ACLR over a 12-month period. All patients underwent standard preoperative sterile preparation and draping procedures. Proposed incisions were marked with a new sterile pen, and the pen tip was immediately sent for a 5-day inoculation in broth and agar. Negative controls (unopened new pen) and positive controls (used to mark the skin incisions preoperatively) were also cultured. Additionally, blank culture dishes were observed during the growth process. All pens were removed from the surgical field before incision, and new marking pens were used when needed during the procedure. Results: Three of the 20 study pens (15%) demonstrated positive growth. All 3 pens grew species of Staphylococcus. None of the negative controls demonstrated growth, 6 of the 12 positive controls showed growth, and none of the blank dishes exhibited growth. Conclusion: This study found a 15% rate of surgical marking pen contamination by Staphylococcus during ACLR. It is recommended that the skin marking pen not be used for any further steps of the surgical case and be discarded once used. Clinical Relevance: Infections after ACLR are rare but may result in significant morbidity, and all measures to reduce them should be pursued. Surgeons performing ACLR should dispose of the surgical marking pen after skin marking and before intraoperative use such as graft markup.
北美印第安原住民的象形文字（中）： 日常使用中的记事功能
Authors: 黄亚平  , 伍淳  
Published: May 2018

摘要 印第安原住民日常生活中使用的象形文字不但能够交流思想, 而且能够记录事件。 不但能记录简单事件, 也能记录复杂的事件。 不但有简单的构图形式, 还有繁复的类似于后世 “连环画” 的形式。 主要用于墓志和人物传记, 狩猎、采摘和旅行, 战争或战役的记录, 以及著名的冬日记事等。
Novel therapeutics for hemophilia and other bleeding disorders
Authors: Callaghan Michael U. , Sidonio Robert , Pipe Steven W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHemophilia and von Willebrand disease are the most common congenital bleeding disorders. Treatment of these disorders has focused on replacement of the missing coagulation factor to prevent or treat bleeding. New technologies and insights into hemostasis have driven the development of many promising new therapies for hemophilia and von Willebrand disease. Emerging bypass agents including zymogen-like factor IXa and Xa molecules are in development and a bispecific antibody, emicizumab, demonstrated efficacy in a phase 3 trial in people with hemophilia A and inhibitors. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor, the protein C/S system, and antithrombin are targets of novel compounds in development to alter the hemostatic balance and new approaches using modified factor VIII molecules are being tested for prevention and eradication of inhibitor antibodies in hemophilia A. The first recombinant von Willebrand factor (VWF) product has been approved and has unique VWF multimer content and does not contain factor VIII. These new approaches may offer better routes of administration, improved dosing regimens, and better efficacy for prevention and treatment of bleeding in congenital bleeding disorders.
BIM for heritage science: a review
Authors: Pocobelli Danae Phaedra , Boehm Jan , Bryan Paul , Still James , Grau-Bové Josep 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a new process that is spreading in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction field. It allows the creation of virtual building models, which can be linked to numerical data, texts, images, and other types of information. Building components, such as walls, floors, etc. are modelled as “smart objects”, i.e. they are defined by numerical parameters, such as dimensions, and are embedded with other kinds of information, such as building materials and properties. Stored data are accessible and modifiable by all different professionals involved in the same project. The BIM process has been developed for new buildings, and it allows to plan and manage the whole building life-cycle. BIM for built heritage has started to be researched recently, and its use is still not widespread. Indeed, built heritage is characterised by complex morphology and non-homogeneous features, which clash with BIM’s standardised procedures. Moreover, to date, BIM does not allow fully automated procedures to model heritage buildings. This review focuses on the survey and digitisation phases, which can be seen as the initial phases of application of BIM in conservation projects. It also briefly covers the modelling stage. Here we present the main methodologies developed for BIM for built heritage. Issues about digitisation are also highlighted, principally in connection with the unavailability of automated processes. During the last 10 years, research has led to promising results; for example, videogame interfaces have been used to simulate virtual 3D tours that display in a single interface the 3D model and the database containing metadata, and new software plug-ins have been developed, to easily create “smart objects”. Nevertheless, further research is needed to establish how BIM can support the practice of building conservation. There is a gap in BIM’s information holding capacities, namely the storage of cultural and historical documentation, as well as monitored and simulated data relevant for preventive conservation. Future work should focus on the development of new tools that will be able to store and share all the relevant metadata.
Rucaparib Monotherapy in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer and a Known Deleterious BRCA Mutation
Authors: Shroff Rachna T. , Hendifar Andrew , McWilliams Robert R. , Geva Ravit , Epelbaum Ron , Rolfe Lindsey , Goble Sandra , Lin Kevin K. , Biankin Andrew V. , Giordano Heidi , Vonderheide Robert H. , Domchek Susan M. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Approximately 9% of pancreatic cancers harbor a germline or somatic BRCA1 or BRCA2 ( BRCA1/2) mutation. Because poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors have significant activity in BRCA1/2-mutant ovarian and breast cancers, RUCAPANC investigated the efficacy and safety of rucaparib in BRCA1/2-mutant pancreatic cancer. Patients and Methods RUCAPANC enrolled patients with measurable locally advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer who had received one to two prior chemotherapy regimens. Patients received oral rucaparib (600 mg twice daily) until disease progression. The primary end point was objective response rate. Results Nineteen patients were enrolled. Sixteen of 19 BRCA1/2 mutations were germline; three were somatic. Patients had received a median of two prior chemotherapy regimens. Four patients achieved a response; two partial responses and one complete response (CR) were confirmed (objective response rate, 15.8%; 3 of 19), with an additional CR unconfirmed. The disease control rate (CR, partial response, or stable disease for ≥ 12 weeks) was 31.6% (6 of 19) in all patients and 44.4% (4 of 9) in those who had received one prior chemotherapy regimen. As prespecified in the protocol, enrollment was stopped because of an insufficient response rate among the first 15 patients. Treatment-emergent adverse events included nausea (63.2%) and anemia (47.4%). Grade ≥ 3 adverse events included anemia (31.6%), fatigue (15.8%), and ascites (15.8%). Secondary resistance mutations were detected in circulating free tumor DNA in two patients with a germline BRCA2 mutation. These mutations are predicted to lead to the reversion of a somatic—not germline—mutation. Conclusion Rucaparib provided clinical benefit to patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and a BRCA1/2 mutation, and demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. Additional trials of rucaparib in this population are warranted.
Evaluation of the potential defensive strategy against Influenza A in cell line models
Authors: Antonova Ekaterina , Glazova Olga , Gaponova Anna , Eremyan Aykaz , Grebenkina Natalya , Zvereva Svetlana , Volkova Natalya , Volchkov Pavel 
Published: May 2018

Background:Influenza virus can cause both seasonal infections and unpredictable pandemics. Rapidly evolving avian H5N1 and H7N9 viruses have a potential pandemic threat for humans. Since avian Influenza can be transmitted by domestic birds, serving as a key link between wild birds and humans, an effective measure to control the influenza transmission would be eradication of the infection in poultry. It is known that the virus penetrates into the cell through binding with the terminal oligosaccharides - sialic acids (SA) - on the cell surfaces. Removal of SA might be a potential antiviral strategy. An approach to developing chicken lines that are resistant to influenza viruses could be the creation of genetically modified birds. Thus it is necessary to select a gene that provides defense to influenza. Here we have expressed in cells a range of exogenous sialidases and estimated their activity and specificity towards SA residues.Methods:Several bacterial, viral and human sialidases were tested. We adopted bacterial sialidases fromSalmonellaandActinomycesfor expression on the cell surface by fusing catalytic domains with transmembrane domains. We also selected Influenza A/PuertoRico/8/34/H1N1 neuraminidase and human membrane sialidase (hNeu3) genes. Lectin binding assay was used for estimation of a α (2,3)-sialylation level by fluorescent microscopy and FACS. Results:We compared sialidases from bacteria, Influenza virus and human. Sialidases fromSalmonellaand Influenza A neuraminidase effectively cleaved α (2-3)-SA receptors. Viral neuraminidase demonstrated a higher activity. Sialidases fromActinomycesandhNeu3did not show any activity against α (2-3) SA under physiological conditions.Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that sialidases with different specificity and activity can be selected as genes providing antiviral defence. Combining chosen sialidases with different activity together with tissue-specific promoters would provide an optimal level of desialylation. Tissue specific expression of the sialidases could protect domestic birds from infection.
Intrathecal Immunoglobulin for treatment of adult patients with tetanus: A randomized controlled 2x2 factorial trial
Authors: Loan Huỳnh Thị , Yen Lam Minh , Kestelyn: Evelyne , Hao Nguyen Van , Thanh Tran Tan , Dung Nguyen Thi Phuong , Turner Hugo C. , Geskus Ronald B. , Wolbers Marcel , Tan Le Van , Van Doorn H. Rogier , Day Nicholas P. , Wyncoll Duncan , Hien Tran Tinh , Thwaites Guy E. , Vinh Chau Nguyen Van , Thwaites C. Louise 
Published: May 2018

Despite long-standing availability of an effective vaccine, tetanus remains a significant problem in many countries. Outcome depends on access to mechanical ventilation and intensive care facilities and in settings where these are limited, mortality remains high. Administration of tetanus antitoxin by the intramuscular route is recommended treatment for tetanus, but as the tetanus toxin acts within the central nervous system, it has been suggested that intrathecal administration of antitoxin may be beneficial. Previous studies have indicated benefit, but with the exception of one small trial no blinded studies have been performed. The objective of this study is to establish whether the addition of intrathecal tetanus antitoxin reduces the need for mechanical ventilation in patients with tetanus. Secondary objectives: to determine whether the addition of intrathecal tetanus antitoxin reduces autonomic nervous system dysfunction and length of hospital/ intensive care unit stay; whether the addition of intrathecal tetanus antitoxin in the treatment of tetanus is safe and cost-effective; to provide data to inform recommendation of human rather than equine antitoxin. This study will enroll adult patients (≥16 years old) with tetanus admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City. The study is a 2x2 factorial blinded randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients will be randomized in a 1:1:1:1 manner to the four treatment arms (intrathecal treatment and human intramuscular treatment, intrathecal treatment and equine intramuscular treatment, sham procedure and human intramuscular treatment, sham procedure and equine intramuscular treatment). Primary outcome measure will be requirement for mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcome measures: duration of hospital/ intensive care unit stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, in-hospital and 240-day mortality and disability, new antibiotic prescription, incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, total dose of benzodiazepines and pipecuronium, and incidence of adverse events. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02999815 Registration date: 21 December 2016
Product-Line Pricing Under Discrete Mixed Multinomial Logit Demand
Authors: Li Hongmin , Webster Scott , Mason Nicholas , Kempf Karl 
Published: May 2018

We study a product-line price optimization problem with demand given by a discrete mixed multinomial logit (MMNL) model. The market is divided into a finite number of market segments, with product demand in each segment governed by the multinomial logit (MNL) model. We show that the concavity property with respect to the choice probability vector shown for the MNL model breaks down under MMNL even for entirely symmetric price sensitivities. In addition, the equal markup property identified for the MNL model no longer holds under MMNL, suggesting that heterogeneity in customer population justifies non-equal-markup pricing. In this paper, we characterize the profit function under MMNL as the sum of a set of quasiconcave functions and present efficient optimization algorithms. We demonstrate the application of our methods using data from Intel Corporation. Our results show that the optimal prices exploit segment differences through redistribution of sales and profit among customer segments. In addition, we use our methods to generate the profit-share efficient frontier, helping the firm to set prices that effectively balance these two measures. The tools developed in this research function in three important ways at Intel: (1) they provide a new alternative for market share prediction among Intel products for different customer segments, adding to the suite of independent demand forecasting tools; (2) they optimize product prices based on segment-specific customer preferences revealed through sales data, a capability that Intel’s current pricing tools include only heuristically; (3) they quantify the trade-off between profit and market share, adding a new decision support capability to the company. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0675 .
Corrosion Characteristics of Carbon Steel upon Exposure to Biodiesel Synthesized from Used Frying Oil
Authors: Setiawan Adhi , Amelia Novitrie Nora , Nugroho Agung , Widiyastuti W 
Published: May 2018

The use of biodiesel leads to corrosion of automotive material, which can potentially shorten engine lifetime. The study aims to investigate the effect of temperature and contact time on the corrosion characteristics of carbon steel upon exposure to biodiesel synthesized from used frying oil. The corrosion rate of carbon steel was analyzed based on weight loss measurement according to the standard of ASTM G31 as affected by temperature and contact time. The immersion temperatures used in this study were 30oC, 40oC, and 70o, respectively. The contact times studied were 30 days, 40 days, and 50 days respectively. The results show that the increase of temperature and contact time of biodiesel on carbon steel surface speeds up the corrosion rate. Maximum corrosion rate (0.083 mmy) was observed on the carbon steel contacted to biodiesel at 70oC for 50 days. The SEM results showed an irregular shape of the corroded carbon steel surface. XRD / FTIR analysis of carbon steel samples show the presence of peaks, detected as Fe2O3, FeO(OH) and Fe2O2CO3, as the corrosion products. Keywords: biodiesel; carbon steel; corrosion; FAME; used frying oil
KINETIC STUDY OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS
Authors: Meilany Diah , Mardawati Efri , Kresnowati Made Tri Ari Penia , Setiadi Tjandra 
Published: May 2018

As lignocellulosic biomass, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) can be used as the source of xylose that can be further utilized as the raw material for xylitol production. The processing of OPEFB to xylose comprises of pretreatment and hydrolysis that can be performed enzymatically. This process offers the advantages of moderate operation conditions and more environmentally friendly. This article describes the kinetic study of enzymatic hydrolysis process of OPEFB for producing xylose using self-prepared and commercial xylanase enzymes. Despite the possible mass transfer limitation, the Michaelis Menten kinetics was hypothesized. The results indicated that the reaction at pH 5 and 60°C followed the Michaelis Menten kinetics, with Vm of 0.84 g/L-h and Km of 48.5 g/L for the commercial enzyme, and Vm of 0,38 g/L-h and Km of 0,37 g/L for the self-prepared enzyme. The reaction is affected by temperature, with Ea of 8.6 kcal/gmol. The performance of self-prepared xylanase enzyme was not yet as good as the commercial enzyme, Cellic Htec 2. Keywords: enzymatic hydrolysis; kinetics parameter; OPEFB; xylanase; xylose
Indian tourism industry – a yardstick to GDP
Authors: Vedapradha R. , Hariharan Ravi , Niha Asif 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Tourism industry plays a pivotal role in the economic development of a nation. This industry infuses opportunities with commendable impact on the economy in the areas of generating income, employment opportunities, one of the sources of foreign exchange earnings, infrastructure development and promotion of national heritage and culture, which contributes towards the national gross domestic product (GDP). This article is empirical about the contribution and impact of foreign exchange reserve, earning and the arrival of tourists on the growth of tourism industry and GDP in India. The researcher has collected secondary data, and the variables are assessed with the help of correlation and regression analysis to analyse the impact of tourism towards GDP in the country. The finding of this article is that domestic tourism is the only independent variable having significance in the GDP.
Green synthesis of zerovalent copper nanoparticles for efficient reduction of toxic azo dyes congo red and methyl orange
Authors: Ismail Muhammad , Gul Saima , Khan M.I. , Khan Murad Ali , Asiri Abdullah M. , Khan Sher Bahadar 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, plant-mediated copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized. Due to its direct synthesis mechanism and eco-friendly nature, the current method accounts for the green chemistry approach using the fruit extract ofDuranta erectafor the first time. The UV-visible spectrum of the CuNPs solution showed a distinct absorption peak at 588 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the fruit extract is responsible for the reduction as well as the stabilization of CuNPs. X-ray diffraction patterns conform the crystalline nature of CuNPs. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was performed for elemental analysis whereas field emission scanning electron microscopy was carried out for surface morphology. Prepared CuNPs were used for the reduction of carcinogenic azo dyes methyl orange (MO) and congo red (CR). CuNPs exhibit outstanding catalytic reduction for MO and CR in the presence of NaBH4as reducing agents with the pseudo-first-order rate constants of 8.6×10−3s−1and 5.07×10−3s−1for MO and CR, respectively. Thus, natural plant materials act as cheap and environmentally friendly support for the synthesis of CuNPs and could be used for the purification of water from organic dye effluents.
Analysis of the embedded cell method in 1D for the numerical homogenization of metal-ceramic composite materials
Authors: Düll Wolf-Patrick , Hilder Bastian , Schneider Guido 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the embedding cell method, an algorithm which has been developed for the numerical homogenization of metal-ceramic composite materials. We show the convergence of the iteration scheme of this algorithm and the coincidence of the material properties predicted by the limit with the effective material properties provided by the analytical homogenization theory in two situations, namely for a one-dimensional linear elasticity model and a simple one-dimensional plasticity model.
The background markernáin Barayin
Authors: Lovestrand Joseph 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article gives a first account of the background markernáin Barayin, an East Chadic language spoken in the Guera region of Chad. The article describes the marker’s syntactic distribution and the semantic and pragmatic contexts it occurs in. It commonly occurs following a sentence-initial noun phrase or adverbial, and it also commonly follows a sentence-initial dependent clause such as a conditional clause. The material precedingnáis background information which provides a context for the interpretation of the following proposition, which is the main point of the communication.
Medium of instruction in school: The indigenous language, the national language or the official language? A case study from multilingual deep rural Kenya
Authors: Spernes Kari Iren , Ruto-Korir Rose 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The connection between multilingualism and the school curriculum continues to engender debates on language preferences because of the potential to influence the amount of learning among learners. To understand language preferences among multilingual learners and their implications for the selection of the medium of instruction (MoI) in a multilingual country, data were collected through questionnaires and interviews among learners, teachers and head teachers in deep, rural Kenyan primary schools. These schools are located away from urban centres, with little or no basic infrastructure, hence the concept of “deep ruralness”. The participants were purposively sampled from among learners, teachers and head teachers to examine how learners’ affiliations with multilingualism could explain the preferred MoI, and the ways through which schools implement the use of an MoI in the curriculum. The findings show that Kiswahili and English were used as the MoI, even when the curriculum recommended indigenous languages and English. Moreover, learners’ multilingual affiliations and their spontaneous languages were their indigenous languages and Kiswahili. Based on these findings, we claim that the indigenous language, Kiswahili and English should be used as the languages of instruction in Kenyan schools.