bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of hydro extract of jujube fruit in combination with Mesalazine (orally) and Asacol (intra-colonic) administration in ameliorating animal model of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Gheibi Shahsanam , Hashemi Seyyed Rahim , Karimipour Mojtaba , Motlagh Bahman Mansouri , Ghaleh Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study was done to investigate the synergistic impacts hydro extract of jujube fruit in combination with Mesalazine (orally) and Asacol (intra-colonic) administration in ameliorating animal model of ulcerative colitis (UC). After the induction of UC and with the development of signs, the treatment groups daily received the hydro extract of jujube fruit (200 mg/kg, orally, enema), Mesalazine (30 mg/kg, orally) and Asacol (10 mg/kg, enema). After 10 days, rats were euthanized and were studied. Findings indicated a significant increase in Myeloperoxidase (161.66 ± 10.40), Nitric oxide (216.01 ± 17.55), IL-6 (138.54 ± 7.02), and TNF-α (123.87 ± 9.80) colon tissue levels and pathological damage of positive control group compared with the negative control group. Hydro extract of jujube fruit in combination with Mesalazine (orally) and Asacol (intra-colonic) group represented a higher capability in significantly decreasing Myeloperoxidase (73.33 ± 9.07), Nitric oxide (81.66 ± 10.50), IL-6 (51.69 ± 5.19), TNF-α (30.59 ± 5.50) levels and pathological damage in compared with the other treatment groups. Considering accessibility and affordability of jujube fruit and the side effects of routine drugs, taking a combination of jujube fruit with low doses of routine pharmaceutical drugs can improve and cure ulcerative colitis disease.
Development, implementation, and evaluation of a Community Engagement Advisory Board: Strategies for maximizing success
Authors: Matthews Alicia K. , Newman Susan , Anderson Emily E. , Castillo Amparo , Willis Marilyn , Choure Wendy 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to describe the formation, operation, and evaluation of a Community Engagement Advisory Board (CEAB) that serves as a resource of the University of Illinois at Chicago’s (UIC) Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS).MethodsCurrent CEAB roles and functions, operating procedures for research consultations and program evaluation strategies were described. Investigators receiving a consultation from 2009 to 2017 (n=91, response rate 78%) were surveyed via an online survey immediately after the consultation and at 12-month follow-up.ResultsOverall, CEAB members were viewed as having sufficient information (92%) and expertise (79%) to provide consultation. Satisfaction levels with the specific consultation received and the overall consultation service were high. The majority of investigators indicated that they would come back to the CEAB for a future consultation, if needed, and would recommend a consultation to others (93% and 96%, respectively). At 12-months, 87% of respondents indicated they had implemented at least some of the recommendations received and 93% said that the consultation influenced their subsequent research.ConclusionsData from recent annual evaluations highlight the benefits of CEAB for consulting investigators. Our model can be used to inform the development of future CEAB boards.
Invasive Smooth Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) Eradication and Native Crab Recovery
Authors: Tang Long , Li Bo , Zhao Bin , Li Peng , Li Zhanbin , Gao Yang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInvasive smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel) eradication is important for the health of many coastal ecosystems. An integrated regime of continuous submergence after clear mowing, with three interval levels between mowing and submergence (5, 10, and 15 d) and three submergence depths (20, 30, and 50 cm), was implemented in cofferdams enclosing invader populations along a Chinese coast. In July of the following year, after the roots of mowed S. alterniflora had been submerged for 12 mo, some ramets grew under the regime with an interval of 15 d and the regime with a submergence depth of 20 cm, but no ramets occurred under the regimes with submergence depths of 30 or 50 cm and intervals of 5 or 10 d. Four crab species were documented: Helice tridens tientsinensis Rathbun, Sesarma dehaani H. Milne-Edwards, Ocypode stimpsoni Ortmann, and Chiromantes haematocheir de Haan. Biomass and abundance values of crab species in the cofferdams were similar to those in the mudflats but different from those in smooth cordgrass populations. Thus, the treatment of submergence after mowing, which was implemented in the cofferdams, can control S. alterniflora and provide a mudflat-like habitat that promotes crab recovery if this treatment uses the proper combination of submergence depth and interval between mowing and submergence.
Rome and the Tzani in late antiquity: a historical and archaeological review
Authors: Intagliata Emanuele E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCompared to other stretches of the eastern frontier, northeastern Anatolia has rarely attracted the attention of scholars of the Roman and late antique periods. The region is known, through late antique written sources, to have housed a belligerent confederation of tribes, the Tzani, who lived off raids conducted against their neighbours. Until the fifth century AD, the Roman approach to the Tzanic problem was one of quiet co-existence, but, in the early sixth century AD, after war broke out again with Persia, necessity moved the emperor Justinian (r. AD 527–565) to intervene more actively against the Tzani. According to the sixth-century historian Procopius, the Tzani were subdued and a chain of forts was constructed in their lands to protect access to the Black Sea coast. The remains of these forts, as well as those of other sixth-century AD infrastructure allegedly built under Justinian, are still elusive. Nonetheless, evidence on the ground and in the written sources can still help investigate the nature of the Justinianic frontier defensive system.
Assessing epidemiology of leprosy and socio-economic distribution of cases
Authors: Matos A. M. F. , Coelho A. C. O. , Araújo L. P. T. , Alves M. J. M. , Baquero O. S. , Duthie M. S. , Teixeira H. C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLeprosy still represents a serious health problem in a number of countries, including Brazil. Although leprosy has been associated with poverty for a long time, it is still difficult to accurately define this relationship. Here, we evaluated in an endemic municipality the progress from 1995 to 2015 of epidemiological indicators to establish if there were any strong associations between social indicators and the occurrence of leprosy. An ecological study was conducted using the SINAN database (Brazilian leprosy-national notifiable diseases information system) in combination with georeferencing of leprosy cases. The georeferencing used the ArcGis programme and occurrence of cases was evaluated in relation to the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI), an indicator that categorises socio-economic and sanitation factors. The data identified a marked decrease in the overall prevalence of leprosy, a reduction in the new case-detection rate and a reduction in the number of cases with grade 2 disabilities (albeit with transient peaks in 2007 and 2015). Logistic regression analysis showed association of detection rates with elevated HVI. Thus, while the epidemiological indicators point to the elimination of leprosy, there is evidence of hidden cases and an association between higher rates of leprosy detection and greater social vulnerability remain.
Multi‐Instrumental Observations of Nonunderdense Meteor Trails
Authors: Kozlovsky A. , Shalimov S. , Kero J. , Raita T. , Lester M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing data from the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (67°22′N, 26°38′E, Finland) meteor camera from the whole year 2015, we identified and investigated 28 optical meteors with accompanying ionization trails unambiguously detected by the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory ionosonde, which sounded the ionosphere once per minute with frequency rising from 0.5 to 16 MHz. These ionosonde reflections were obtained from heights around 90 km. The electron line densities of the trails were found to be between 1014 and 1016 m−1, which characterize the trails as nonunderdense (i.e., transitional and overdense). The ionosonde reflections were observed for a few minutes, with decreasing maximal frequency of the return. During the first 250 s, for the trails with initial line density about (2–3) · 1015 m−1 the return frequency decreased with time corresponding to the diffusional expansion of cylindrical meteor trails, that is, f ∝ t−γ, where the exponent γ = 0.5, whereas less dense trails decayed slower (γ ≈ 0.2) and more dense trails decayed faster (γ ≈ 1). In many cases the meteor events were accompanied by nonspecular long‐lived detections using a colocated all‐sky interferometric meteor radar with operating frequency 36.9 MHz. As a rule the meteor radar echo durations were longer than expected from diffusional expansion of cylindrical meteor trails and their amplitudes were highly variable. We suggest that the slower frequency decrease of the ionosonde echoes and the nonspecular long‐lived meteor radar echoes might be associated with the presence of meteoric dust.
The Chemical Remagnetization of Ediacaran Dolomite in the Taishan Paleo‐Reservoir, South China
Authors: Zhang Yong , Jia Dong , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Li Yongxiang , Xia Bin , Xie Zengye , Hu Jing , Zi Jinping , Liu Weiliang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo understand the origin of chemical remagnetization in carbonate reservoir rocks and associated chemical processes, we have conducted detailed petrologic, geochemical, and magnetic studies of the hydrocarbon‐impregnated Ediacaran dolomite in the Taishan Paleo‐reservoir, south China. Samples were collected across a continuous outcrop consisting of oil‐free dolomite, transition zone dolomite, and highly hydrocarbon‐impregnated reservoir dolomite. Paleomagnetic results show that dolomite from the reservoir and transition zone were remagnetized and carries a possible Cambrian‐Ordovician direction (Dec = 163.7°, Inc = 10.6°, and α95 = 1.9°), and the oil‐free dolomite shows unstable magnetizations. Hematite is the magnetic mineral in the oil‐free dolomite, whereas the hydrocarbon‐impregnated reservoir dolomite contains no hematite but mainly pyrrhotite nanoparticles. Transition‐zone dolomite contains both hematite and pyrrhotite. In addition, the natural remanent magnetization intensities decrease from the reservoir dolomite, through the transition zone, and into the oil‐free dolomite, and a similar trend was observed in the total organic carbon and bitumen contents. The results suggest that the magnetic mineral assemblage and magnetic intensity in dolomite appear to be closely related to the degree of hydrocarbon impregnation and that remagnetization of the Ediacaran dolomite was likely caused by hydrocarbon migration into the dolomite. Pyrrhotite nanoparticles, magnetite, and barite are suggested to be formed during hydrocarbon migration, by the reduction of detrital hematite in the dolomite and sulfur species in the hydrocarbons. The new findings into the origin of pervasive remagnetization have the potential to guide future hydrocarbon exploration within Ediacaran dolomite that is host to the largest single carbonate gas reservoir in China.
On Shear Stresses, Temperatures, and the Maximum Magnitudes of Earthquakes at Convergent Plate Boundaries
Authors: England Philip 
Published: July 2018

AbstractApparent coefficients of friction,, on nine subduction interfaces for which surface heat flux constraints exist fall in the range. Surface heat flux above the maximum depth of thrust‐faulting earthquakes adjusted for radiogenic heat production,QT, falls in a narrow range, implying that the transition from seismic to aseismic slip on the interface takes place at a temperature,TT, that depends upon its depth,zT. For the mean value ofQT∼40 mW/m2,TT∼zT×12°C/km. The maximum depth of thrust‐faulting earthquakes, determined from a further 82 profiles of seismicity across subduction zones, exhibits a systematic dependence on convergence rate and the age of the descending plate, which is consistent with a narrow range inQTfor these zones also. An analytical expression linkstozT,QT, and the subduction parameters. Application of this relation to the 82 profiles gives. The narrowness of that range can be explained if the primary source of heat on the subduction interface is frictional heating during earthquakes with shear stresses limited by thermal pressurization of pore fluids. Apparent coefficients of friction exhibit insignificant variation with the fraction of the relative motion that is expressed in earthquakes. Either the apparent coefficients of friction for seismic and aseismic slip are indistinguishable or zones with historically low rates of seismicity are prone to large earthquakes that have not been recorded.
Modeling the Response of Daily Evapotranspiration and its Components of a Larch Plantation to the Variation of Weather, Soil Moisture, and Canopy Leaf Area Index
Authors: Liu Zebin , Wang Yanhui , Tian Ao , Webb Ashley A. , Yu Pengtao , Xiong Wei , Xu Lihong , Wang Yarui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn accurate prediction of forest evapotranspiration (ET) based on its components in response to a changing environment is essential for understanding interactions between the atmosphere, soil, and vegetation and for integrated forest‐water management. The ET components of a pure larch plantation and the environment were monitored over 2 years in northwest China. The response functions of each ET component to individual driving factors were determined using upper boundary lines, then coupled to form the ET component modules, fitted with measured data in 2016 (May–September), and validated with measured data in 2015 (June–September). Results showed that (1) the response of daily transpiration (T) to potential ET (ETref) followed a binomial equation, and the response of T to relative extractable water (REW) of the 0‐ to 60‐cm soil layer and canopy leaf area index (LAI) followed a saturated exponential growth function. The module was T = (−5.766 × 10−4ETref2 + 0.005ETref–0.002) × (18.769 + 46.990 (1–exp(−8.555REW))) × (−14.662 + 17.428 (1–exp(−1.414LAI))). (2) The response of daily forest floor evapotranspiration (FE) to ETref, volumetric soil moisture (VSM) of the 0‐ to 30‐cm soil layer, and LAI followed positive linear, saturated exponential growth and saturated exponential decay function. The module was FE = (6.697ETref–2.770) × (6.927–11.243exp(−1.959VSM)) × (0.032 + 1.162exp(−2.407LAI)). (3) The canopy interception (Ic) of individual rainfall events was mainly affected by precipitation amount (P) and LAI. The module was Ic = 0.446 LAI (1–exp(−0.112P)) + 0.097P. (4) The daily ET model was built up as ET = T + FE + Ic, which had good performance in both the calibration and validation period. It can be concluded that the variation of daily forest ET can be accurately predicted using the easily measurable driving factors of weather, soil, and vegetation.
Liquid‐Vapor‐Air Flow in the Frozen Soil
Authors: Yu Lianyu , Zeng Yijian , Wen Jun , Su Zhongbo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccurate representing freeze‐thaw (FT) process is of great importance in cold region hydrology and climate studies. With the STEMMUS‐FT model (Simultaneous Transfer of Energy, Mass and Momentum in Unsaturated Soil), we investigated the coupled water and heat transfer in the variably saturated frozen soil and the mechanisms of water phase change along with both evaporation and FT process, at a typical meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. The STEMMUS‐FT showed its capability of depicting the simultaneous movement of soil moisture and heat flow in frozen soil. The comparison of different parameterizations of soil thermal conductivity indicated that the de Vries parameterization performed better than others in reproducing the hydrothermal dynamics of frozen soils. The analysis of water/vapor fluxes indicated that both the liquid water and vapor fluxes move upward to the freezing front and highlighted the crucial role of vapor flow during soil FT cycles as it connects the water/vapor transfer beneath the freezing front and above the evaporation front. The liquid/vapor advective fluxes make a negligible contribution to the total mass transfer. Nevertheless, the interactive effect of soil ice and air can be found on the spatial and temporal variations of advective fluxes in frozen soils.
Wet Dust Deposition Across Texas During the 2012 Drought: An Overlooked Pathway for Elemental Flux to Ecosystems
Authors: Ponette‐González A. G. , Collins J. D. , Manuel J. E. , Byers T. A. , Glass G. A. , Weathers K. C. , Gill T. E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAirborne dust can alter ecosystem productivity and biogeochemical cycling by enhancing atmospheric nutrient and pollutant deposition. Wet dust deposition (dust‐in‐rain) is less frequently quantified than dry deposition but represents a potentially significant flux to ecosystems. We quantified dust‐in‐rain event frequency, dust influence on rainwater ionic and elemental composition, and wet dissolved and particulate deposition during weeks affected by dust‐in‐rain and all other weeks (background samples) at two sites across Texas (one arid, Guadalupe Mountains, and one humid, Gulf coastal prairie) during the centennial‐scale 2012 drought. Although dust‐in‐rain was sporadic, a clear dust signature was evident in rainwater. Compared to background samples, crustal species (Fe and Mn) were more prevalent than anthropogenic species (Cu and Zn) in dust‐in‐rain. Volume‐weighted mean rainwater concentrations of K+, Na+, and Cl− and of all particulate elements were also significantly greater in dust‐in‐rain than in background samples. In the Guadalupe Mountains, West Texas, dust‐in‐rain contributed nearly 50% of annual wet dissolved Na+ and Cl− and 22–35% of dissolved Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and PO43− deposition. In the Gulf coastal prairie, East Texas, dust‐in‐rain delivered 19%, 13%, and 9% of annual wet dissolved PO43−, Ca2+, and K+ deposition, respectively. A major proportion of annual wet particulate deposition (>56% in Guadalupe Mountains and ~30% in Gulf coastal prairie) similarly occurred with dust‐in‐rain. Our findings show that infrequent dust‐in‐rain events constitute an important but overlooked pathway for elemental flux to ecosystems in arid source and humid receptor sites during severe drought. Quantifying these fluxes is crucial to determine dust impacts on ecosystem processes.
Unravelling the Mystery of Lunar Anomalous Craters Using Radar and Infrared Observations
Authors: Fa Wenzhe , Eke Vincent R. 
Published: July 2018

In Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini‐RF) radar images, anomalous craters are those having a high circular polarization ratio (CPR) in their interior but not exterior to their rims. Previous studies found that most CPR‐anomalous craters contain permanently shadowed regions and that their population is overabundant in the polar regions. However, there is considerable controversy in the interpretation of these signals: Both water ice deposits and rocks/surface roughness have been proposed as the source of the elevated CPR values. To resolve this controversy, we have systematically analyzed >4,000 impact craters with diameters between 2.5 and 24 km in the Mini‐RF radar image and Diviner rock abundance (RA) map. We first constructed two controlled orthorectified global mosaics using 6,818 tracks of Mini‐RF raw data and then analyzed the correlations between radar CPR and surface slope, RA, and depth/diameter ratios of impact craters. Our results show that CPR‐anomalous craters are distributed relatively uniformly across the lunar surface, with no apparent difference in CPR between the polar, potentially icy, and nonpolar, not icy, craters. Most CPR‐anomalous craters are relatively young with a large depth/diameter ratio, and they actually represent an intermediate stage of crater evolution. Comparison with a two‐component radar scattering model suggests that rocks and surface roughness are major contributors to the observed CPR values. Using craters of 4.7–22 km in diameter with known ages, we find that craters spend up to 120 Ma with a high exterior RA, and ∼3 Ga in the CPR‐anomalous phase.
A molecular neuromorphic network device consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes complexed with polyoxometalate
Authors: Tanaka Hirofumi , Akai-Kasaya Megumi , TermehYousefi Amin , Hong Liu , Fu Lingxiang , Tamukoh Hakaru , Tanaka Daisuke , Asai Tetsuya , Ogawa Takuji 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn contrast to AI hardware, neuromorphic hardware is based on neuroscience, wherein constructing both spiking neurons and their dense and complex networks is essential to obtain intelligent abilities. However, the integration density of present neuromorphic devices is much less than that of human brains. In this report, we present molecular neuromorphic devices, composed of a dynamic and extremely dense network of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) complexed with polyoxometalate (POM). We show experimentally that the SWNT/POM network generates spontaneous spikes and noise. We propose electron-cascading models of the network consisting of heterogeneous molecular junctions that yields results in good agreement with the experimental results. Rudimentary learning ability of the network is illustrated by introducing reservoir computing, which utilises spiking dynamics and a certain degree of network complexity. These results indicate the possibility that complex functional networks can be constructed using molecular devices, and contribute to the development of neuromorphic devices.
Predicting marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise using Holocene relative sea-level data
Authors: Horton Benjamin P. , Shennan Ian , Bradley Sarah L. , Cahill Niamh , Kirwan Matthew , Kopp Robert E. , Shaw Timothy A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTidal marshes rank among Earth’s vulnerable ecosystems, which will retreat if future rates of relative sea-level rise (RSLR) exceed marshes’ ability to accrete vertically. Here, we assess the limits to marsh vulnerability by analyzing >780 Holocene reconstructions of tidal marsh evolution in Great Britain. These reconstructions include both transgressive (tidal marsh retreat) and regressive (tidal marsh expansion) contacts. The probability of a marsh retreat was conditional upon Holocene rates of RSLR, which varied between −7.7 and 15.2 mm/yr. Holocene records indicate that marshes are nine times more likely to retreat than expand when RSLR rates are ≥7.1 mm/yr. Coupling estimated probabilities of marsh retreat with projections of future RSLR suggests a major risk of tidal marsh loss in the twenty-first century. All of Great Britain has a >80% probability of a marsh retreat under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 by 2100, with areas of southern and eastern England achieving this probability by 2040.