bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A controlled study of the Collaborative Care Skills Workshops versus Psycho‐educational Workshops among Spanish caregivers of relatives with an eating disorder
Authors: Sepúlveda Ana R. , Anastasiadou Dimitra , Parks Melissa , Gutiérrez Elena 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a negative reaction to the illness would be reduced through the “Collaborative Care Skills Workshops” programme among Spanish caregivers of relatives with an eating disorder. Caregivers were randomly allocated to either the skill‐based workshops (n = 32) or psycho‐educational workshops (n = 31), and assessments were carried out over time (T0 vs. T1 vs. T2). There were no significant differences between interventions on primary or secondary caregiver outcomes or among the patients themselves. However, caregivers in both interventions showed greater improvement at T2 on accommodating and enabling behaviours and an improvement at T1 in terms of psychological distress and appraisals towards the caregiving experience. Eating pathology, psychological distress, and some indices of psychosocial adjustment were significantly lower among the patients following both interventions (T1). Overall, both interventions may be able to help caregivers and patients to decrease their psychological distress.Highlights

Involvement of family members in the treatment could be the best resource for aiding in their relative's recovery.
This is the first controlled study to test the effectiveness of the Collaborative Care Skills Workshops in Spanish caregivers.
Both interventions could be implemented as both help Spanish caregivers and patients.
Effects of antiepileptic drugs on cortical excitability in humans: A TMS‐EMG and TMS‐EEG study
Authors: Darmani Ghazaleh , Bergmann Til O. , Zipser Carl , Baur David , Müller‐Dahlhaus Florian , Ziemann Ulf 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBrain responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) are emergent noninvasive markers of neuronal excitability and effective connectivity in humans. However, the underlying physiology of these TMS‐evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) is still heavily underexplored, impeding a broad application of TEPs to study pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we tested the effects of a single oral dose of three antiepileptic drugs with specific modes of action (carbamazepine, a voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC) blocker; brivaracetam, a ligand to the presynaptic vesicle protein VSA2; tiagabine, a gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) reuptake inhibitor) on TEP amplitudes in 15 healthy adults in a double‐blinded randomized placebo‐controlled crossover design. We found that carbamazepine decreased the P25 and P180 TEP components, and brivaracetam the N100 amplitude in the nonstimulated hemisphere, while tiagabine had no effect. Findings corroborate the view that the P25 represents axonal excitability of the corticospinal system, the N100 in the nonstimulated hemisphere propagated activity suppressed by inhibition of presynaptic neurotransmitter release, and the P180 late activity particularly sensitive to VGSC blockade. Pharmaco‐physiological characterization of TEPs will facilitate utilization of TMS‐EEG in neuropsychiatric disorders with altered excitability and/or network connectivity.
Neural gain control measured through cortical gamma oscillations is associated with sensory sensitivity
Authors: Orekhova Elena V. , Stroganova Tatiana A. , Schneiderman Justin F. , Lundström Sebastian , Riaz Bushra , Sarovic Darko , Sysoeva Olga V. , Brant Georg , Gillberg Christopher , Hadjikhani Nouchine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGamma oscillations facilitate information processing by shaping the excitatory input/output of neuronal populations. Recent studies in humans and nonhuman primates have shown that strong excitatory drive to the visual cortex leads to suppression of induced gamma oscillations, which may reflect inhibitory‐based gain control of network excitation. The efficiency of the gain control measured through gamma oscillations may in turn affect sensory sensitivity in everyday life. To test this prediction, we assessed the link between self‐reported sensitivity and changes in magneto‐encephalographic gamma oscillations as a function of motion velocity of high‐contrast visual gratings. The induced gamma oscillations increased in frequency and decreased in power with increasing stimulation intensity. As expected, weaker suppression of the gamma response correlated with sensory hypersensitivity. Robustness of this result was confirmed by its replication in the two samples: neurotypical subjects and people with autism, who had generally elevated sensory sensitivity. We conclude that intensity‐related suppression of gamma response is a promising biomarker of homeostatic control of the excitation–inhibition balance in the visual cortex.
Posttreatment surveillance PET/CT for HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Corpman David W. , Masroor Farzad , Carpenter Diane M. , Nayak Sundeep , Gurushanthaiah Deepak , Wang Kevin H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundSurveillance positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET/CT) is commonly used for treatment assessment of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer. However, human papillomavirus‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+OPSCC) patients represent a unique subpopulation, for which the utility of surveillance PET/CT has not been well studied.MethodsIn this retrospective chart review comprising 233 HPV+OPSCC patients, we evaluated surveillance PET/CT for diagnostic accuracy, downstream clinical impact, and survival.ResultsSurveillance PET/CT demonstrated 100% negative predictive value and sensitivity, 59.9% specificity, and 13.4% positive predictive value. Surveillance PET/CT led to 90 imaging studies and 31 biopsies; 91.1% and 77.4% were negative for recurrence, respectively. Surveillance PET/CT led to meaningful salvage therapy in 1.6% of cases. PET/CT‐detected recurrences did not have improved survival compared to clinically detected recurrences.ConclusionFor HPV+OPSCC patients, surveillance PET/CTs frequently lead to unnecessary testing and rarely to meaningful disease salvage. They have no demonstrated survival benefit and should be interpreted cautiously to prevent patient harm.
Epstein‐Barr virus and human papillomaviruses as favorable prognostic factors in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A nationwide study in Finland
Authors: Ruuskanen Miia , Irjala Heikki , Minn Heikki , Vahlberg Tero , Randen‐Brady Reija , Hagström Jaana , Syrjänen Stina , Leivo Ilmo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is related to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in endemic areas; however, the role of viruses in nonendemic countries is unclear. Our nationwide study investigated the prevalence and prognostic significance of EBV and human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in Finnish NPC tumors.MethodsWe analyzed samples from 150 patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2009. Viral status was determined using EBV and HPV RNA in situ hybridizations, and p16 immunohistochemistry. Patient and treatment characteristics were obtained from patient records.ResultsIn our white patient cohort, 93 of 150 (62%) patients were EBV‐positive and 21/150 (14%) patients were HPV‐positive with no coinfections. Thirty‐six (24%) tumors were negative for both viruses. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival for patients with EBV‐positive, HPV‐positive, and EBV/HPV‐negative tumors was 69%, 63%, and 39%, respectively. In multivariable‐adjusted analysis, overall survival was better among patients with EBV‐positive (P = .005) and HPV‐positive (P = .03) tumors compared to patients with EBV/HPV‐negative tumors.ConclusionsIn our low‐incidence population, EBV and HPV are important prognostic factors for NPC.
Effects of Whole‐Body Vibration Therapy on Distal Tibial Myotendinous Density and Volume: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Boggild Miranda K , Tomlinson George , Erlandson Marta C , Szabo Eva , Giangregorio Lora M , Craven B Catharine , Slatkovska Lubomira , Alibhai Shabbir MH , Cheung Angela M 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTWhole‐body vibration (WBV) therapy has been proposed as a therapy to reduce sarcopenia and improve muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to explore whether 12 months of WBV therapy increases myotendinous density and volume of the distal tibia as measured by HR‐pQCT in postmenopausal women in a parallel group, randomized controlled trial with 1:1:1 allocation to three arms. Postmenopausal women (N = 202) with low hip BMD were randomized to 20 min daily of 0.3g 30‐Hz WBV therapy, 0.3g 90‐Hz WBV therapy using the Juvent platform (Juvent, Somerset, NJ, USA), or no WBV. The main outcome measure was myotendinous density (HU) and volume (mm3) at the distal tibia measured at baseline and 12 months with HR‐pQCT. There were no significant effects on myotendinous density or volume at the distal tibia after 12 months of daily 30‐ or 90‐Hz WBV therapy compared with no WBV therapy. Mean change (SD) in myotendinous density from baseline was 4.6 (5.7) HU in the 30‐Hz WBV group, 3.9 (6.1) HU in the 90‐Hz WBV group, and 3.9 (5.4) HU in the control group (p = 0.70). Mean change (SD) in myotendinous volume from baseline was −7 (503) mm3 in the 30‐Hz WBV group, 111 (615) mm3 in the 90‐Hz WBV group, and 35 (615) mm3 in the control group (p = 0.50). In conclusion, WBV therapy at 30‐ or 90‐Hz for 12 months had no significant effects on myotendinous density or volume at the distal tibia as measured by HR‐pQCT in postmenopausal women. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Dual Therapy Coating on Micro/Nanoscale Porous Polyetheretherketone to Eradicate Biofilms and Accelerate Bone Tissue Repair
Authors: Deng Lijun , He Xianhua , Xie Kenan , Xie Lu , Deng Yi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDefective osteogenesis and latent infections continue to be two major issues in the therapy of bone tissue regeneration. In this study, a unique hierarchically micro/nanoscale‐architecture is first proposed and produced on polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Besides, a “simvastatin‐PLLA film‐tobramycin microspheres” delivery system is subsequently fabricated to endow the PEEK implant with osteogenic and antibacterial capabilities. In vitro antibacterial evaluations confirm that the decorated PEEK scaffolds possess excellent resistance against planktonic/adherent bacteria. In vitro cell attachment/proliferation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium mineral deposition experiments, and real‐time PCR analysis all exhibit that the superior proliferation rate and osteo‐differentiation potential of MC3T3‐E1 pre‐osteoblasts are presented on the PEEK samples with dual functional decoration. In the mouse calvarial defect model, the micro‐CT and histological results demonstrate that our scaffolds display a remarkable bone forming capability. Generally, the PEEK scaffolds co‐endowed with simvastatin and tobramycin microspheres possess great potential in clinics.
More expression, less function: cleaved dynamin in glomerular kidney disease
Authors: Altintas Mehmet M , Reiser Jochen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe role of dynamin in regulation of kidney filtration barrier is well documented. Dynamin binds to and produces filamentous actin, which is a key component of healthy podocyte foot processes (FPs). Destruction of dynamin, for example by cathepsin L, leads to loss of a functional actin network and uncoordinated membrane signaling, a situation that allows for effacement of FPs and proteinuria. Now, Khalil et al have examined the dynamin expression in kidneys of proteinuric animal models as well as in kidney patients and produced data that further clarifies the role of dynamin in glomerular and tubular proteinuria and may aid in pinpointing patients who are affected by loss of dynamin function and may benefit from appropriate therapeutic approaches. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical and dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polybenzimidazole functionalized graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Maity Nirmal , Mandal Amit , Roy Kaustuv , Nandi Arun K. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPolymer‐based nanocomposites with good dielectric behavior have engrossed research devotion because of their distinctive benefits in electronic applications. An in situ synthetic process for the polybenzimidazole functionalized graphene oxide (GBI) and its nanocomposite with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is described. GBI shows good dispersion in the bulk PVDF matrix implying a strong interaction of polybenzimidazole with PVDF as evident from morphological and FTIR studies. A gradual increment of GBI in PVDF increases its piezoelectric β‐polymorph formation with a maximum of 73% for 10 wt % GBI in PVDF (GBF10) which also exhibits highest thermal stability. An exhaustive study of frequency dependent electrical properties of GBF10 indicates significantly higher dielectric constant (61), low dielectric loss (0.42), and low AC conductivity value of 1.17 × 10−10 S/cm at 100 Hz which are the key properties of a suitable capacitor. GBF10 also shows hydrophobic behavior (water uptake 2.89%) and low swelling ratio (1.143), providing an opportunity to use the composite film in fuel cell application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 189–201
Facile Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles with PLGA Polymer Brushes and Efficient Encapsulation into PLGA Nanoparticles: Toward Spatially Precise Bioimaging of Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Alkilany Alaaldin M. , Abulateefeh Samer R. , Murphy Catherine J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNanocarriers prepared from poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) have broad biomedical applications. Understanding their cellular uptake and distribution requires appropriate visualization in complex biological compartments with high spatial resolution, which cannot be offered by traditional imaging techniques based on fluorescent or radioactive probes. Herein, the encapsulation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into PLGA nanoparticles is proposed, which should allow precise spatial visualization in cells using electron microscopy. Available protocols for encapsulating GNPs into polymeric matrices are limited and associated with colloidal instability and low encapsulation efficiency. In this report, the following are described: 1) a facile protocol to functionalize GNPs with PLGA polymer followed by 2) encapsulation of the prepared PLGA‐capped GNPs into PLGA nanocarriers with 100% encapsulation efficiency. The remarkable encapsulation of PLGA‐GNPs into PLGA matrix obeys the general rule in chemistry “like dissolves like” as evident from poor encapsulation of GNPs capped with other polymers. Moreover, it is shown that how the encapsulated gold nanoparticles serve as nanoprobes to visualize PLGA polymeric hosts inside cancer cells at the spatial resolution of the electron microscope. The described methods should be applicable to a wide range of inorganic nanoprobes and provide a new method of labeling pharmaceutical polymeric nanocarriers to understand their biological fate at high spatial resolution.
Voiding behavior and chronic pelvic pain in two types of rat nonbacterial prostatitis models: Attenuation of chronic pelvic pain by repeated administration of tadalafil
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Kurita Maki , Okamoto Ken , Kotera Takashi , Oka Michiko 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundExperimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) and prostatitis induced by 17β‐estradiol treatment combined with castration (hormone/castration‐induced prostatitis; HCP) are the most commonly used rodent models of nonbacterial prostatitis. We studied the effect of the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor tadalafil on chronic pelvic pain in two such models in rats.MethodsEAP was induced by intradermal injection of rat prostate antigen and complete Freund's adjuvant on Days 0 and 28. HCP was induced by castration followed by daily subcutaneous injection of 17β‐estradiol for 30 days. On Day 42 after antigen injection in the EAP model and Day 30 after castration in the HCP model, we investigated voiding behavior, pelvic pain (measured by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen), and inflammatory changes, including changes in histopathology and IL‐1β, CCL2, and CCL3 mRNA levels. We investigated the effect of repeated administration of tadalafil on chronic pelvic pain in both models.ResultsIn the EAP model, we observed inflammation in the ventral prostate, while in the HCP model, we observed inflammation in the lateral lobe of the prostate. Neither model showed any change in voiding behavior. As well as in the EAP model, in which chronic pelvic pain was observed, we found for the first time that HCP led to a significant increase in chronic pelvic pain. Repeated treatment with tadalafil attenuated the chronic pelvic pain in both models.ConclusionsChronic pelvic pain was induced in both EAP and HCP models. Tadalafil significantly attenuated the chronic pelvic pain in both models.
Ultralong‐Life Quasi‐Solid‐State Li‐O2 Batteries Enabled by Coupling Advanced Air Electrode Design with Li Metal Anode Protection
Authors: Zhao Changtai , Liang Jianneng , Sun Qian , Luo Jing , Liu Yulong , Lin Xiaoting , Zhao Yang , Yadegari Hossein , Banis Mohammad Norouzi , Li Ruying , Huang Huan , Zhang Li , Yang Rong , Lu Shigang , Sun Xueliang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDevelopment of Li‐O2 batteries with ultrahigh theoretical energy density is highly desired to meet the ever‐increasing demand of energy density. However, safety concerns and cycling life have become main bottlenecks that inhibit the practical applications of Li‐O2 batteries because of the use of organic liquid electrolytes (LEs) and the noneffective air electrodes. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are reported to be used in Li‐O2 batteries and show relatively improved performance than LEs, but they are still below the expectation. Herein, a quasi‐solid‐state Li‐O2 battery constructed with a GPE and a high‐efficiency air electrode is proposed. Excellent electrochemical performance is demonstrated beyond the batteries with LE, evidenced by the ultralong cycle life of up to 553 cycles and stable operating time for over 1100 h. The elongated cycling life benefits from the role of GPE in blocking O2 crossover, protecting Li metal, and avoiding electrolyte evaporation compared with LE. It is expected that the present study can shed light on the future study on developing efficient catalysts for (quasi) solid‐state Li‐O2 battery.
Inactive yeast biomass and mannoproteins influence the retention and biodegradation of biodiesel in soil
Authors: Kreling Naiara Elisa , Zaparoli Munise , Cecchin Iziquiel , Thomé Antonio , Reddy Krishna Rajireddigari , Colla Luciane Maria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe evaluated the influence of yeast biomass and mannoproteins in the biodegradation and retention of biodiesel in soil. After 60 days of experiments, the biomass reached a biodegradation of 81%, a considerably higher value than reached through natural attenuation (3.6%). The adsorption of contaminants was 20%, indicating interactions between soil and biostimulants.
Advances in the study of egg activation of higher plants
Authors: Peng Li , Li Zhen Kai , Ding Xiao Li , Tian Hui Qiao 
Published: December 2018

SummaryFertilization in higher plants induces many structural and physiological changes in the fertilized egg, and represents the transition from the haploid female gamete to the diploid zygote, the first cell of a sporophyte. Some changes are induced extremely rapidly following fusion with sperm cells and are the preclusions of egg activation. This review focuses on the early changes that occur in the egg after fusion with sperm cells, but before nuclear fusion. Reported changes include cell shrinkage, cell wall formation, polarity change, oscillation in Ca2+ concentration, and DNA synthesis. In addition, the current understanding of egg activation is summarized and the possible functional relevance of the changes is explored.
Supplementation with beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate impacts glucose homeostasis and increases liver size in trained mice
Authors: Schadock Ines , Freitas Barbara G. , Moreira Irae L. , Rincon Joao A. , Correa Marcio Nunes , Zanella Renata , Silva Evelise Sampaio , Araujo Ronaldo Carvalho , Buchweitz Marcia Rubia D , Helbig Elizabete , Del Vecchio Fabricio B , Schneider Augusto , Barros Carlos Castilho 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) is a bioactive metabolite derived from the amino acid leucine, usually applied for muscle mass increase during physical training, as well as for muscle mass maintenance in debilitating chronic diseases. The hypothesis of the present study is that HMB is a safe supplement for muscle mass gain by strength training. Based on this, the objective was to measure changes in body composition, glucose homeostasis and hepatic metabolism of HMB supplemented mice during strength training. Two of four groups of male mice (n = 6/group) underwent an 8-week training period session (climbing stairs) with or without HMB supplementation (190 mg/kgBW per day). We observed lower body mass gain (4.9 ± 0.43% versus 1.2 ± 0.43, p < 0.001) and increased liver mass (40.9 ± 0.9 mg/gBW versus 44.8 ± 1.3, p < 0.001) in the supplemented trained group compared with the non-supplemented groups. The supplemented trained group had an increase in relative adipose tissue mass (12.4 ± 0.63 mg/gBW versus 16.1 ± 0.88, P < 0.01) compared to the non-supplemented untrained group, and an increase in fasting blood glucose (111 ± 4.58 mg/dL versus 122 ± 3.70, P < 0.05) and insulin resistance (3.79 ± 0.19 % glucose decay/min versus 2.45 ± 0.28, P < 0.05) comparing with non-supplemented trained group. Adaptive heart hypertrophy was observed only in the non-supplemented trained group (4.82 ± 0.05 mg/gBW versus 5.12 ± 0.13, P < 0.05). There was a higher hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 expression (P = 0.002) in supplemented untrained comparing with non-supplemented untrained group. Gene expression of gluconeogenesis regulatory factors was increased by training and reduced by HMB supplementation. These results confirm that HMB supplementation associated with intensive training protocol drives changes in glucose homeostasis and liver metabolism in mice.
Predicting coral dynamics through climate change
Authors: Woesik Robert van , Köksal Semen , Ünal Arzu , Cacciapaglia Chris W. , Randall Carly J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThermal-stress events are changing the composition of many coral reefs worldwide. Yet, determining the rates of coral recovery and their long-term responses to increasing sea-surface temperatures is challenging. To do so, we first estimated coral recovery rates following past disturbances on reefs in southern Japan and Western Australia. Recovery rates varied between regions, with the reefs in southern Japan showing more rapid recovery rates (intrinsic rate of increase, r = 0.38 year−1) than reefs in Western Australia (r = 0.17 year−1). Second, we input these recovery rates into a novel, nonlinear hybrid-stochastic-dynamical system to predict the responses of Indo-Pacific coral populations to complex inter-annual temperature cycles into the year 2100. The coral recovery rates were overlaid on background increases in global sea-surface temperatures, under three different climate-change scenarios. The models predicted rapid recovery at both localities with the infrequent and low-magnitude temperature anomalies expected under a conservative climate-change scenario, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5. With moderate increases in ocean temperatures (RCP 6.0) the coral populations showed a bimodal response, with model runs showing either recovery or collapse. Under a business-as-usual climate-change scenario (RCP 8.5), with frequent and intense temperature anomalies, coral recovery was unlikely.