bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection and skill acquisition in a regional hospital
Authors: Fujiwara Junichi , Matsumoto Satohiro , Yamanaka Kenichi , Sekine Masanari , Ishii Takehiro , Ajimine Takuma , Mashima Hirosato 
Published: August 2019

Background and AimEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is standard treatment for early gastric cancer. With aging of the population in Japan being more pronounced in rural areas, the availability of ESD at regional hospitals is becoming important. Here, we assessed the learning curve of one physician for skill acquisition in gastric ESD.MethodsThe subjects were 34 patients (38 lesions) who underwent gastric ESD at a regional hospital between October 2014 and March 2017 and 15 patients (15 lesions) who underwent the procedure at a university hospital between April 2017 and April 2018. The resection periods of the first 19 lesions and subsequent 19 lesions at the regional hospital were defined as the first and seconds periods, and the resection period of 15 lesions at the university hospital was defined as the third period. The learning curve across the three periods was assessed using the cumulative sum analysis method.ResultsThe resection speed in the first, second, and third periods were 6.4 ± 4.1, 6.9 ± 3.4, and 9.4 ± 5.4 mm2/min, respectively (not significant). The slope of the learning curve began to increase at the 30th patient. The en bloc resection and curative resection rates did not differ significantly among the three periods. There were no serious procedure‐related complications.ConclusionThis study showed that the introduction of gastric ESD at a regional hospital is possible, and that a certain skill level was acquired by the 30th patient. Furthermore, with careful patient selection, favorable results can be obtained and procedural safety ensured.
Proving coexistence of ice‐like and quartz‐like structure in localized liquid water by stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Wang Shenghan , Fang Wenhui , Li Fabing , Wang Ying , Yang Bo , Lang Hongzhi , Cao Xianwen , Li Zhanlong , Sun Chenglin , Men Zhiwei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLiquid water is a complex system consisting of ice‐like and quartz‐like structure based on the classic two‐state model. Although lots of theoretical work have been developed about this model, the experimental evidences are still needed. Herein, a 355‐nm pulse laser is employed to excite stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of liquid water both in bulk and on surface, with the generation of shockwave‐induced dynamic high pressure. Two characteristic features Raman peaks of both spontaneous Raman and SRS indicate the coexistence of two structures in localized water area. The ice‐like structure corresponds to ice Ih phase under the presented conditions, because the pressure dependence behavior of Raman shift agree well with the anomaly of diffusion coefficient of ice Ih phase, when the shock wave‐induced dynamic high pressure forms. Two structures show different pressure‐dependent behaviors based on the SRS results; meanwhile, the distribution of two structures is different in bulk and on surface water.
Approaches to delineate greater sage‐grouse winter concentration areas
Authors: Smith Kurt T. , Dinkins Jonathan B. , Beck Jeffrey L. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe usefulness of protected areas as regulatory mechanisms to conserve wildlife populations relies on their ability to contain all seasonal habitats necessary for species persistence. Efficient conservation practices require understanding behavior and habitat needs of individual species and populations rather than simply relying on reserves of approximate size and configuration. Priority Areas of Conservation (PACs) have been delineated as protected areas based on known breeding habitat for greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse) throughout their range. These PACs include Core Areas designated in the Wyoming Sage‐grouse Executive Order; however, this order also indicated the need to identify winter concentration areas (WCAs; flocks ≥50 individuals) based on habitat features using validated resource selection functions (RSFs). We used aerial infrared videography to identify locations of wintering sage‐grouse in south‐central and southwest Wyoming, USA, to evaluate winter sage‐grouse habitat selection with individual‐based RSFs, RSFs based on WCAs, and relative flock size. We located 4,859 individuals comprising 132 flocks across our study area. Flocks occurred in Core Areas more than expected, but a biologically meaningful number of sage‐grouse flocks were located outside of Core Areas. Individual‐based RSFs contained useful predictors that were consistent with previous sage‐grouse winter habitat selection studies. Flock size and WCA models produced similar predictions to individual‐based RSF models. Individual‐based and WCA‐based RSF model predictions had a high degree of similarity, suggesting that identifying important winter habitats with individual‐based RSF modeling is useful for locating potential WCAs when information on flock sizes is not available. Our results and survey technique provide a potential framework for identifying sage‐grouse WCAs with implications for improving PAC protection of all seasonal habitats for sage‐grouse conservation. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Early glottic cancer in a veteran population: Impact of race on management and outcomes
Authors: Fullmer Tanner M. , Shi Justin , Skinner Heath D. , Hernandez David J. , Huang Andrew T. , Mai Weiyuan , Parke Robert B. , Donovan Donald T. , Sandulache Vlad C. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesMultiple population studies have shown racial discrepancies in head and neck cancer treatment and outcomes. We sought to characterize the impact of race on clinical outcomes for patients with early glottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a tertiary institution which provides equivalent access to care.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all early glottic (T1–T2) squamous cell carcinoma at a single institution, the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans’ Administration Medical Center (MEDVAMC). Data collected included demographic information, primary and adjuvant treatment modalities, time to diagnosis, time to treatment, recurrences, recurrence treatment modality, secondary malignancies, recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsOne hundred seventeen patients with a primary diagnosis of T1–T2 glottic squamous cell carcinoma were included. Black and white patients demonstrated equivalent rates of recurrence, RFS, and OS. There was no significant difference in treatment delivery by race for all recorded parameters. T1b tumors were associated with an increased risk of recurrence which did not translate into a statistically significant decrease in RFS or OS. Surgical treatment was associated with increased recurrence but similar RFS and OS compared to radiation‐based treatment. Secondary malignancies were common; 12% of patients were diagnosed with a second primary lung cancer during the study period.ConclusionAt our institution, race did not impact survival when access to care, treatment selection, and delivery are equivalent for early glottic SCC. Secondary lung cancer is a critical risk factor for mortality in this patient group and requires long‐term surveillance and monitoring.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1733–1739, 2020
Does new sensitization correlate with nasal symptoms in children with allergic rhinitis?
Authors: Kim Jin Youp , Han Doo Hee , Kim Dong‐Young , Park Sue K. , Rhee Chae‐Seo 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the correlation between the increased number of sensitized allergens and nasal symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis who were sensitized to house dust mites (HDMs).MethodsAmong the patients who were enrolled in the Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for Kids, 174 children with rhinitis symptoms who were sensitized to HDMs were included in the analysis. Skin prick tests, serum total immunoglobulin E, eosinophil count, and bronchial provocation tests were carried out during the initial and 3‐year follow‐up visits. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the change in the number of sensitized allergens: increased number of sensitized allergens (group I) and maintained or reduced number of sensitized allergens (group II).ResultsIn the analysis of allergen sensitization from baseline to the 3‐year follow‐up, no significant correlation was observed between the changes in the number of allergens and the total nasal visual analog scale score (R2 < 0.001, P = .813). Furthermore, the comparison of demographic data and immunological factors between groups I and II did not show any significant differences. The changes in bronchial hyper‐responsiveness were not significantly different between the two groups (P = 1.000).ConclusionNew sensitization may not be correlated with nasal symptoms in patients in Asian countries where HDMs play a major role as a dominant allergen. Although further investigation must be conducted, the importance of new sensitization as an indicator of treatment outcome should be reconsidered in individuals in Asia.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 130: 1864–1871, 2020
Change in the trade‐off between aboveground and belowground biomass of alpine grassland: Implications for the land degradation process
Authors: Peng Fei , Xue Xian , You Quangang , Sun Jian , Zhou Jun , Wang Tao , Tsunekawa Atsushi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlpine grassland on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau has been degrading in recent decades. A better understanding of biomass trade‐off (biomass allocation between aboveground [AGB] and belowground [BGB]) change with alpine grassland degradation could uncover the degradation processes and its underlying mechanisms. We surveyed the plant and soil characteristics of alpine meadow (AM) and alpine steppe (AS) at varying degradation levels on the plateau. In the AM, the AGB was only reduced when very severely degraded, but the BGB declined at any level of degradation. In the AS, the AGB showed no significant difference in the slightly, moderately, and severely degraded levels, and the AGB only significantly declined in the very severely degraded, whereas the BGB was nonsignificantly higher in the slightly degraded and gradually declined when the levels changed from slightly to very severely degraded. In the undegraded grasslands, the biomass trade‐off was towards AGB and BGB in AS and AM, respectively. With degradation, the biomass trade‐off shifted from AGB to BGB at the slightly degraded levels and then gradually reached zero trade‐off at the very severely degraded level in the AS. In the AM, the trade‐off gradually reached zero as moderately degraded progressed to very severely degraded level. The change in plant community composition and bulk density affected the biomass trade‐off change independently with AM degradation, whereas only soil moisture, soil nitrogen, and soil pH interactively influenced the biomass trade‐off change with AS degradation. Our results suggest different AGB and BGB change processes and mechanisms with AS and AM degradation.
Land use strongly influences soil organic carbon and bacterial community export in runoff in tropical uplands‐
Authors: Le Huong T. , Rochelle‐Newall Emma , Ribolzi Olivier , Janeau Jean Louis , Huon Sylvain , Latsachack Keooudone , Pommier Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRapid development and associated land‐use change have resulted in increased soil erosion and widespread land degradation in tropical ecosystems. Precipitation‐induced soil erosion causes the export of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the associated bacterial community affecting soil quality and functioning. We assessed the transfer of SOC and soil bacterial diversity and functions in surface water runoff from different land uses: Teak with and without understory (TW and TWO, respectively) and upland rice (UR) in a tropical, upland catchment during a simulated rain event. Total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration was higher in TWO (1.23 ± 0.21 g L−1) than in TW (0.37 ± 0.16 g L−1) and UR (0.44 ± 0.2 g L−1), whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was lower under TWO (3.8 ± 0.7 mg L−1) than under TW or UR (13.4 ± 7.5 and 9.57 ± 4.8 mg L−1, respectively). Runoff from TWO harboured the highest proportion of bacterial taxa common to soil (27% and 29.5%) as compared with TW (22.8% and 13%) and UR (17.3% and 7%) for both particle attached and free‐living fractions, respectively. Bacterial community export in surface runoff was driven by changes in DOC and TSS, suggesting that eroded soil particles simultaneously carry organic carbon and attached bacterial taxa in surface runoff. Consequently, the export of soil functional groups relating to organic carbon degradation and nitrogen cycle was higher under TWO than in TW or UR. Our results underline that teak plantations with unsustainable practices such as the removal of understory degrades soil functions and accelerates land degradation through soil erosion and surface runoff on the long term.
The effective point of measurement for depth‐dose measurements in small MV photon beams with different detectors
Authors: Wegener Sonja , Sauer Otto A. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe effective point of measurement (EPOM) of cylindrical ionization chambers differs from their geometric center. The exact shift depends on chamber construction details, above all the chamber size, and to some degree on the field‐size and beam quality. It generally decreases as the chamber dimensions get smaller. In this work, effective points of measurement in small photon fields of a range of cylindrical chambers of different sizes are investigated, including small chambers that have not been studied previously.MethodsIn this investigation, effective points of measurement for different ionization chambers (Farmer type, scanning chambers, micro‐ionization chambers) and solid state detectors were determined by measuring depth‐ionization curves in a 6 MV beam in field sizes between 2 × 2 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2 and comparing those curves with curves measured with plane‐parallel chambers.ResultsIt was possible to average the results to one shift per detector, as the results were sufficiently independent of the studied field sizes. For cylindrical ion chambers, shifts of the EPOM were determined to be between 0.49 and 0.30 times the inner chamber radius from the reference point.ConclusionsWe experimentally confirmed the previously reported decrease of the EPOM shift with decreasing detector size. Highly accurate data for a large range of detectors, including new very small ones, were determined. Thus, small chambers noticeably differ from the 0.5‐times to 0.6‐times the inner chamber radius recommendations in current dosimetry protocols. The detector‐individual EPOMs need to be considered for measurements of depth‐dose curves.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma mimicking peri‐implant mucositis
Authors: Coopman Renaat , Coropciuc Ruxandra , Hauben Esther , Hermans Robert , Politis Constantinus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring the past decades, dental implants have become a widespread pillar of dental rehabilitation in partial and edentulous patients. Recently, an increasing number of case reports mention the presence of oral carcinoma in close proximity to functional dental implants. In this particular report, we present a case of an intraoral squamous cell carcinoma mimicking, both clinically and symptomatically, peri‐implant mucositis. To date, no plausible association between dental implants and oral squamous cell carcinoma is recognized. Clinicians should be aware of the importance of good clinical investigations, especially in cases where the clinical investigations do not match the radiological and histological findings. Every suspect mucosal lesion should be thoroughly investigated by biopsy.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors versus other antihyperglycemic agents: An observational study of four US administrative claims databases
Authors: Wang Lu , Voss Erica A. , Weaver James , Hester Laura , Yuan Zhong , DeFalco Frank , Schuemie Martijn J. , Ryan Patrick B. , Sun Don , Freedman Amy , Alba Maria , Lind Joan , Meininger Gary , Berlin Jesse A. , Rosenthal Norman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were new users of sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) versus other classes of antihyperglycemic agents (AHAs).MethodsPatients were identified from four large US claims databases using broad (all T2DM patients) and narrow (intended to exclude patients with type 1 diabetes or secondary diabetes misclassified as T2DM) definitions of T2DM. New users of SGLT2i and seven groups of comparator AHAs were matched (1:1) on exposure propensity scores to adjust for imbalances in baseline covariates. Cox proportional hazards regression models, conditioned on propensity score‐matched pairs, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of DKA for new users of SGLT2i versus other AHAs. When I2 <40%, a combined HR across the four databases was estimated.ResultsUsing the broad definition of T2DM, new users of SGLT2i had an increased risk of DKA versus sulfonylureas (HR [95% CI]: 1.53 [1.31‐1.79]), DPP‐4i (1.28 [1.11‐1.47]), GLP‐1 receptor agonists (1.34 [1.12‐1.60]), metformin (1.31 [1.11‐1.54]), and insulinotropic AHAs (1.38 [1.15‐1.66]). Using the narrow definition of T2DM, new users of SGLT2i had an increased risk of DKA versus sulfonylureas (1.43 [1.01‐2.01]). New users of SGLT2i had a lower risk of DKA versus insulin and a similar risk as thiazolidinediones, regardless of T2DM definition.ConclusionsIncreased risk of DKA was observed for new users of SGLT2i versus several non‐SGLT2i AHAs when T2DM was defined broadly. When T2DM was defined narrowly to exclude possible misclassified patients, an increased risk of DKA with SGLT2i was observed compared with sulfonylureas.
Small helium clusters formation
Authors: Popov Andrey 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe investigated small helium clusters formation in nonequilibrium conditions using the non‐Hermitian formalism. Helium is a simple enough system for analytical study while complicated enough to have a rich variety of quantum properties. In this article, we used a new formalism based on non‐Hermitian quantum mechanics for describing the electronic excited states in clusters. This formalism enabled to estimate the decay time of excited states within a single scheme. Its implementation to helium shows the existence of new long‐lived excited states in small helium clusters at the distance of 5.6 Bohr radii between atoms. Moreover, several helium excimers and exciplexes at the distances between helium atoms of 35.5, 22.8, 14.0, and 8.5 Bohr radii with the scaling factor of about 1.6 were found. It is related to the restructuring of the electronic structure caused by powerful external excitations. These results give a new insight on clustering processes providing more profound and complete understanding.
Emerging hepatitis E virus compared with hepatitis A virus: A new sanitary challenge
Authors: Hartard Cédric , Gantzer Christophe , Bronowicki Jean‐Pierre , Schvoerer Evelyne 
Published: August 2019

SummaryHepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses are able to cause liver disease in humans. Among the five classical hepatotropic viruses, they are mainly transmitted via the fecal‐oral route. Historically, many similarities have thus been described between them according to their incidence and their pathogenicity, especially in countries with poor sanitary conditions. However, recent advances have provided new insights, and the gap is widening between them. Indeed, while HAV infection incidence tends to decrease in developed countries along with public health improvement, HEV is currently considered as an underdiagnosed emerging pathogen. HEV autochthonous infections are increasingly observed and are mainly associated with zoonotic transmissions. Extra hepatic signs resulting in neurological or renal impairments have also been reported for HEV, as well as a chronic carrier state in immunocompromised patients, arguing in favor of differential pathogenesis between those two viruses. Recent molecular tools have allowed studies of viral genome variability and investigation of links between viral plasticity and clinical evolution. The identification of key functional mutations in viral genomes may improve the knowledge of their clinical impact and is analyzed in depth in the present review.
A customised approach to determining the geomorphic effectiveness of small flood events in a regulated river
Authors: Rose Teresa , Erskine Wayne , Miners Brett 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe construction of dams significantly alters flow and sediment regimes with subsequent deleterious effects on the morphological and ecological character of rivers. Effective experimental floods can ameliorate the downstream geomorphic impacts of dams. The traditional view is that large floods are required to perform effective geomorphic work, and the geomorphic outcomes of small floods are often overlooked. Many river restoration frameworks do not consider small floods. Yet, there is evidence that the hydrological characteristics that ameliorate specific geomorphic impacts in a river are unique to each river, and a customised approach to setting the right mix of floods (including small experimental floods) is needed. In this study, we modify an existing flood effectiveness model developed for large floods, for determining the geomorphic effectiveness of small floods in a highly regulated Australian river. Two flood classes were added to the model (medium peak stream power and moderate total energy expenditure), and the flood power characteristics were rescaled to reflect the relative difference in the magnitude of the small floods and the magnitude of the geomorphic work performed. Using a step‐wise approach, this customised model determined the geomorphic effectiveness of small floods. The best flood for ameliorating the geomorphic impacts of flow regulation had medium to long duration (10 to 51 days), high peak unit stream power (77 to 123 Wm−2) and moderate to large total energy expenditure (78,600 to 342,320 × 103 J). This approach to determining flood effectiveness for small floods is applicable to other geomorphically impacted river channels downstream of dams and can be used to inform experimental flood releases for geomorphic outcomes.