bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impaired Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity in Juvenile Offspring Following Prenatal Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Fontaine Christine J. , Pinar Cristina , Yang Waisley , Pang Angela F. , Suesser Konrad E. , Choi James S. J. , Christie Brian R. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to the teratogenic effects of prenatal ethanol exposure (PNEE), and hippocampal structural and functional deficits are thought to contribute to the learning and memory deficits that are a hallmark feature of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.MethodsSprague Dawley dams were exposed to a liquid diet that contained EtOH (35.5% EtOH‐derived calories) throughout gestation, and then, PNEE juvenile (P21‐28) male and female offspring were used for in vitro electrophysiological recordings. We examined long‐term potentiation (LTP), long‐term depression (LTD), and depotentiation in the medial perforant path input to the dentate gyrus (DG) to determine the impact of PNEE on the dynamic range of bidirectional synaptic plasticity in both sexes.ResultsPNEE reduced the responsiveness of the DGs of male but not in female offspring, and this effect was no longer apparent when GABAergic signaling was inhibited. There was also a sex‐specific LTD impairment in males, but increasing the duration of the conditioning stimulus could overcome this deficit. The magnitude of LTP was also reduced, but in both sexes following PNEE. This appears to be an increase in the threshold for induction, not in capacity, as the level of LTP induced in PNEE animals was increased to control levels when additional conditioning stimuli were administered.ConclusionsThese data are the first to describe, in a single study, the impact of PNEE on the dynamic range of bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the juvenile DG in both males and in females. The data suggest that PNEE increases the threshold for LTP in the DG in both sexes, but produces a sex‐specific increase in the threshold for LTD in males These alterations reduce the dynamic range for synaptic plasticity in both sexes.
Intelligence Test Scores Before and After Alcohol‐Related Disorders—A Longitudinal Study of Danish Male Conscripts
Authors: Grønkjær Marie , Flensborg‐Madsen Trine , Osler Merete , Sørensen Holger Jelling , Becker Ulrik , Mortensen Erik Lykke 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundExisting studies on intellectual consequences of alcohol‐related disorders are primarily cross‐sectional and compare intelligence test scores of individuals with and without alcohol‐related disorders, hence mixing the influence of alcohol‐related disorders and predisposing factors such as premorbid intelligence. In this large‐scale study, the primary aim was to estimate associations of alcohol‐related disorders with changes in intelligence test scores from early adulthood to late midlife.MethodsData were drawn from a follow‐up study on middle‐aged men, which included a re‐examination of the same intelligence test as completed in young adulthood at military conscription (total analytic sample = 2,499). Alcohol‐related hospital diagnoses were obtained from national health registries, whereas treatment for alcohol problems was self‐reported at follow‐up. The analyses included adjustment for year of birth, retest interval, baseline intelligence quotient (IQ) score, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and psychiatric and somatic comorbidity.ResultsIndividuals with alcohol‐related hospital diagnoses (8%) had a significantly lower baseline IQ score (95.0 vs. 100.5, p < 0.001) and a larger decline in IQ scores from baseline to follow‐up (−8.5 vs. −4.8, p < 0.001) than individuals without such diagnoses. The larger decline in IQ scores with alcohol‐related hospital diagnoses remained statistically significant after adjustment for all the covariates. Similar results were revealed when IQ scores before and after self‐reported treatment for alcohol problems (10%) were examined.ConclusionsIndividuals with alcohol‐related disorders have a lower intelligence test score both in young adulthood and in late midlife, and these disorders, moreover, seem to be associated with more age‐related decline in intelligence test scores. Thus, low mean intellectual ability observed in individuals with alcohol‐related disorders is probably a result of both lower premorbid intelligence and more intellectual decline.
Comparison of psychiatric comorbidity in treatment‐seeking, opioid‐dependent patients with versus without chronic pain
Authors: Higgins Cassie , Smith Blair H. , Matthews Keith 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo compare psychiatric morbidity in treatment‐seeking, opioid‐dependent patients with versus without chronic pain.DesignA retrospective comparative cohort design was used involving record linkage from routinely collected, nationally held data sets. Data were managed within a Scottish Government‐certified Safe Haven.Setting and participantsParticipants comprised all patients of an NHS Substance Misuse Service in the East of Scotland (n = 467) who were in treatment during 2005 and had been in treatment for varying lengths of time. Their mean age at study inception was 35.0 years in the chronic pain group and 32.1 years; 68% of the chronic pain group and 74% of the no pain group were male.MeasurementsThe outcomes were (a) psychiatric comorbidity assessed at study inception using the 28‐item General Health Questionnaire and the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure and (b) receipt of at least one prescription for a psychiatric condition during a 5‐year period following study inception. The independent variable was chronic pain measured at study inception using the Brief Pain Inventory—Short Form.FindingsA total of 246 (52.7%) reported chronic pain and 221 (47.3%) did not. A higher proportion of patients with chronic pain had at least one psychiatric morbidity (62.4 versus 46.3%, P < 0.001). At the study inception, a higher proportion of patients with chronic pain were prescribed anxiolytics (49.0 versus 39.1%, P = 0.015) and antimanic drugs (9.9 compared with 4.9%, P = 0.015).ConclusionsPatients of opioid treatment services in Scotland who report chronic pain may have a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity than those who do not.
Association between experience of racial discrimination and hazardous alcohol use among Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Winter Taylor , Riordan Benjamin C. , Surace Anthony , Scarf Damian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsTo test whether there is a positive association between experience of racial discrimination and hazardous alcohol use among New Zealand Māori and whether racial discrimination mediates hazardous alcohol use in this group.DesignA cross‐sectional mediation analysis using a stratified and nationally representative cross‐sectional health survey collected from 2016 to 2017 in New Zealand.SettingNew Zealand.ParticipantsWe used data from 9884 participants who identified as New Zealand European (7341; 56.9% female) or Māori (2543; 60.5% female) in the 2016–17 New Zealand Health Survey.MeasurementsWe included reports from demographic items (sex, age, ethnicity), the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and experiences of past year discrimination. We conducted mediation analysis with Māori identification as the predictor, hazardous drinking as the binary outcome (0 = AUDIT score less than 8, 1 = 8+) and discrimination as the binary mediator (0 = no discrimination, 1 = experienced racial discrimination). Age, sex and deprivation index were included as covariates.FindingsMāori were more likely to experience discrimination than New Zealand Europeans, and both Māori identification and experiencing discrimination were associated with elevated levels of hazardous alcohol use, P < 0.05. The association between Māori ethnicity on hazardous drinking was partially mediated by discrimination (34.7%, 95% confidence interval 9.70%, 59.60%).ConclusionThe association between Māori ethnicity and hazardous drinking in New Zealand may be partially mediated by experience of discrimination.
The golden hour of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in endotoxic shock: The basis for sequential extracorporeal therapy in sepsis
Authors: De Rosa Silvia , Villa Gianluca , Ronco Claudio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEndotoxin is recognized as a major trigger of the immune response leading to pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine release, activation of the coagulation cascade, vasoplegic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. A beneficial effect could be achieved through extracorporeal adsorption of circulating endotoxins in the blood as adjunctive treatment for unresponsive endotoxic shock. However, the precise clinical indication for its initiation is widely debated in the literature. Similar to the source control, microbiological cultures and antibiotics administration, endotoxin activity assay evaluation at regular intervals, and the targeted use of PMX‐B hemoperfusion could be lifesaving and adequate within the golden hour for the diagnosis and treatment of endotoxic shock.
Correlations between ocular biometrics and refractive error: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gaurisankar Zoraida S. , van Rijn Gwyneth A. , Lima José Eduardo E. , Ilgenfritz Antonio P. , Cheng Yanny , Haasnoot Geert W. , Luyten Gregorius P.M. , Beenakker Jan‐Willem M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe understanding of correlations between different biometric parameters is essential for personalized eye care in the field of cataract and refractive surgery. This systematic review offers a clear overview of the previous literature assessing these correlations including a meta‐analysis. The review is focused on the following five correlations: (1) axial length and refractive error; (2) anterior chamber depth and refractive error; (3) axial length and anterior chamber depth; (4) corneal power and refractive error; (5) corneal power and axial length. An expected strong correlation between axial length and refractive error was found. Correlations including corneal power were weak and might be clinically insignificant.
Amphiphilic additives in silicone oil tamponade and emulsification: an eye‐on‐a‐chip study
Authors: Lu Yongjie , Chan Yau Kei , Lau Long Hei , Wong David , Wong Jasper Ka Wai , Shih Kendrick Co , Lai Shiu Ming , Shum Ho Cheung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsRecently, chemically modified silicone oil has been demonstrated as a reservoir for sustained release of intraocular drugs, many of which might be amphiphilic in nature. In this work, we study the effect of amphiphilic additives in silicone oil on emulsification under eye‐like movements.MethodsThree silicone‐oil‐soluble surfactants, namely DC749, MQ1640 and FZ2233, were used as model amphiphilic additives. The change of viscosity was measured by a rheometer in the cone‐and‐plate geometry. The interfacial tension (IFT) between silicone oil and model aqueous phase was measured by pendant drop tensiometry. Emulsification of silicone oil was induced by simulated saccadic eye movements on a cell‐coated eye‐on‐a‐chip platform for 4 days. The number of emulsified silicone oil droplets observed in the aqueous phase was assessed daily by optical microscopy.ResultsSignificantly more emulsified droplets were formed in silicone oil with DC749 or MQ1640 (P < 0.05). However, such increase was not directly related to the change in IFT nor viscosity. Moreover, water droplets were also found in the silicone oil, but not in the control silicone oil without additive.ConclusionsThe amphiphilic substances in silicone oil promoted emulsification. Besides typical oil‐in‐water drops that normally affect the eye, water‐in‐oil drops were also formed. Before silicone oil could be considered as a vehicle for drug delivery, the nature of the drug and its possible effect on emulsification and therefore on the pharmacokinetics needs to be investigated. An additional concern is that water‐in‐oil droplets in the eye would affect the optical clarity of silicone oil and might cause visual symptoms.
Multi‐source research designs on ethical leadership: A literature review
Authors: Magalhães Anabela , dos Santos Nuno Rebelo , Pais Leonor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to undertake a systematic literature review (SLR) of empirical research that uses multi‐source methods for collecting data about Ethical Leadership (EL). Research on this sensitive subject benefits from the inclusion of data from more than one source, in order to be better supported, and thus contribute to a deeper understanding of leadership and business ethics issues. The search strategy retrieved a total of 50 multi‐source empirical studies on the topic of EL, published until December 2017. This SLR shows that (a) research on EL has focused mostly on the perceptions of followers, possibly because they are the most accessible target of its outcomes, thus restricting the scope of this body of research; (b) EL is studied mainly through consideration of its consequences, a restriction that hinders explanation of the causal processes involved in ethical leadership, which remains a research arena in need of development. The systematic inclusion of other stakeholders in multi‐source methods is advanced as a way to further develop the field.
Bertrand versus Cournot competition in a downstream mixed oligopoly with foreign ownership
Authors: Lee Ki‐Dong , Choi Sunghee , Choi Kangsik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFocusing on foreign ownership in the private firm, we examine the Cournot‐Bertrand comparison in a mixed oligopolistic market with vertical market structure. We have found that if public and private firms were charged with uniform price for their inputs, then Cournot‐Bertrand ranking in market outcomes confirms those obtained by Ghosh and Mitra (2010). This implies that under uniform pricing in the upstream sector, the vertical market structure does not have substantial influences on Cournot‐Bertrand ranking. However, if discriminatory pricing is adopted, firm's profits, output, and social welfare are often reversed to those obtained from uniform pricing in the upstream sector. Given the closeness of products, if the share of foreign ownership is sufficiently low, social welfare in Cournot competition can exceed that of Bertrand competition, contrasting with the standard welfare ranking that Bertrand welfare is strictly higher than Cournot. This implies that Cournot competition can be more socially desirable than Bertrand in mixed oligopoly with vertical market structure if discriminatory pricing scheme is adopted by foreign upstream monopolists.
EYA4 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing MYCBP by dephosphorylating β‐catenin at Ser552
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Xu , Li Jian‐Hui , Cai Jian‐Peng , Hou Xun , Huang Chen‐Song , Huang Xi‐Tai , Wang Jie‐Qin , Li Shi‐Jin , Xu Qiong‐Cong , Yin Xiao‐Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Our previous study showed that EYA4 functioned by suppressing growth of HCC tumor cells, but its molecular mechanism is still not elucidated. Based on the results of gene microassay, EYA4 was inversely correlated with MYCBP and was verified in human HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Overexpressed and KO EYA4 in human HCC cell lines confirmed the negative correlation between EYA4 and MYCBP by qRT‐PCR and western blot. Transfected siRNA of MYCBP in EYA4 overexpressed cells and overexpressed MYCBP in EYA4 KO cells could efficiently rescue the proliferation and G2/M arrest effects of EYA4 on HCC cells. Mechanistically, armed with serine/threonine‐specific protein phosphatase activity, EYA4 reduced nuclear translocation of β‐catenin by dephosphorylating β‐catenin at Ser552, thereby suppressing the transcription of MYCBP which was induced by β‐catenin/LEF1 binding to the promoter of MYCBP. Clinically, HCC patients with highly expressed EYA4 and poorly expressed MYCBP had significantly longer disease‐free survival and overall survival than HCC patients with poorly expressed EYA4 and highly expressed MYCBP. In conclusion, EYA4 suppressed HCC tumor cell growth by repressing MYCBP by dephosphorylating β‐catenin S552. EYA4 combined with MYCBP could be potential prognostic biomarkers in HCC.
Motivational interviewing effects on caries prevention in children differ by income: A randomized cluster trial
Authors: Faustino‐Silva Daniel Demétrio , Colvara Beatriz Carriconde , Meyer Elisabeth , Hugo Fernando Neves , Celeste Roger Keller , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the differential preventive effect of motivational interviewing (MI) on early childhood caries (ECC) according to socioeconomic variables, using a community‐based trial in a public healthcare setting.MethodsA cluster‐randomized, double‐blind study with two parallel groups in healthcare clinical settings (HCCs) comparing conventional oral health education (CE) and MI aimed at mothers of children born in 2013 and 2014. The oral health team of 6 of the 12 HCCs were trained in MI. This training was intensive for active learning of the basic MI principles, conducted by a psychologist who is a PhD in psychiatry and has extensive experience in conducting MI training workshops. It was held in an experiential format divided into two 4‐hour shifts, with a 1‐week interval. Children who attended at least one dental visit in the first year of life at their HCC were clinically evaluated by trained examiners and parents responded to a questionnaire. The effect of MI on the caries outcome compared with CE was evaluated in different subgroups: family income, mother's education and skin colour.ResultsOne hundred and eighty‐six were included in the CE group and 228 in the MI group. The caries rate per 100 surface‐year was 1.29 (95%CI: 0.92‐1.80) in the CE group and 0.46 (95%CI: 0.29‐0.73) in the MI group. The effect of MI was statistically significant in the lower‐income category (P = .03); MI prevented 57% of carious lesions (IRR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.22‐0.83) and reduced the occurrence of the disease on more than one surface per 100 followed surface‐year in this same category in the equivalent income subgroup (IRD = −1.37, P = .04).ConclusionsMotivational interviewing had a greater preventive effect against caries in children whose families are of lower income.
Exploring the essence of enabling child participation within child protection services
Authors: van Bijleveld Ganna G. , Bunders‐Aelen Joske F.G. , Dedding Christine W.M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe chances that children have to participate in child protection services are largely contingent upon the attitudes and skills of case managers. They have a crucial role in ensuring that a child's voice is being listened to and acknowledged in often sensitive dialogues. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate what case managers need to facilitate child participation. By handing case managers a participation toolbox developed by children and through the use of reflexive monitoring in action, we elaborated on the barriers faced in practice. The results show that the intention to facilitate child participation is quickly overruled by often subconscious thoughts and beliefs, stemming from the complex interplay of child image, protection, and participation. Case managers need to be aware of this interplay and how this unknowingly steers their actions. Therefore, iterative reflection should be facilitated within organizations for an actual change in their daily practice and to amplify the role of children in the decision‐making processes within child protection services.
Social workers' perceptions of children's right to participation
Authors: Kosher Hanita , Ben‐Arieh Asher 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a growing worldwide recognition for the need to incorporate children's right to participate into the child welfare system. Yet studies show that most children in the welfare system do not feel that they are listened to or that their opinions are taken into account. This paper presents findings from a study conducted among 151 Israeli social workers, examining their perceptions on children's participation. The study explored to what extent they implement this principle in their everyday practice and whether there is a relationship between their perceptions and their actions. The findings revealed that social workers tend to endorse a protective position with regard to children's participation and that they only partially implement children's right to participation in their daily practice.
Long‐term radiographic assessment of titanium implants installed in maxillary areas grafted with autogenous bone blocks using two predefined sets of success criteria
Authors: Fuglsig João M.C.E.S. , Schropp Lars , Thorn Jens J. , Ingerslev Janne , Wenzel Ann , Spin‐Neto Rubens 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeAssess the radiographic peri‐implant bone loss of implants installed in maxillary areas grafted with autogenous bone and classify the long‐term (at least >4 ≤ 6 years) implant success according to two predefined sets of criteria.Material and MethodsSixty patients had full maxillary alveolar reconstructions using autogenous bone grafts (iliac crest), and 369 titanium implants were installed. The follow‐up protocol was 5 (>4 ≤ 6) years; thereafter only patients who presented significant peri‐implant bone loss were followed up to 12 years. The radiographic peri‐implant bone level was assessed on panoramic radiographs in relation to the baseline and used to classify the long‐term success of the implants according to the predefined success criteria presented by Albrektsson and coworkers (ALB; 1986) and the Pisa Consensus Conference (PCC; 2007).ResultsFifteen implants were lost over the 12‐year follow‐up period (two up to >4 ≤ 6 years). Mean radiographic peri‐implant bone loss was 2.7 mm at the >4 ≤ 6 years control and 4.2 mm after >11 ≤ 12 years. Different success criteria resulted in different types of prevalence of implants classified as “failures.” At >4 ≤ 6 years, 48% of the implants would be “failures” according to ALB, while according to the PCC, only 0.8% would be “failures” and 18.1% would be classified as “compromised survival” and 44.8% as “satisfactory survival.”ConclusionsMean peri‐implant bone loss of implants installed in maxillary areas grafted with autogenous bone blocks was 2.7 mm after >4 ≤ 6 years, and two implants were lost during this period. The use of different success criteria significantly altered the prevalence of implants classified as “failure.”