bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Inflexibility Is an Early Marker of Bed-Rest–Induced Glucose Intolerance Even When Fat Mass Is Stable
Authors: Rudwill Floriane , O’Gorman Donal , Lefai Etienne , Chery Isabelle , Zahariev Alexandre , Normand Sylvie , Pagano Allan F , Chopard Angèle , Damiot Anthony , Laurens Claire , Hodson Leanne , Canet-Soulas Emmanuelle , Heer Martina , Meuthen Petra Frings , Buehlmeier Judith , Baecker Natalie , Meiller Laure , Gauquelin-Koch Guillemette , Blanc Stéphane , Simon Chantal , Bergouignan Audrey 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Context
The effects of energy-balanced bed rest on metabolic flexibility have not been thoroughly examined.

Objective
We investigated the effects of 21 days of bed rest, with and without whey protein supplementation, on metabolic flexibility while maintaining energy balance. We hypothesized that protein supplementation mitigates metabolic inflexibility by preventing muscle atrophy.

Design and Setting
Randomized crossover longitudinal study conducted at the German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.

Participants and Interventions
Ten healthy men were randomly assigned to dietary countermeasure or isocaloric control diet during a 21-day bed rest.

Outcome Measures
Before and at the end of the bed rest, metabolic flexibility was assessed during a meal test. Secondary outcomes were glucose tolerance by oral glucose tolerance test, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, ectopic fat storage by magnetic resonance imaging, and inflammation and oxidative stress markers.

Results
Bed rest decreased the ability to switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation when transitioning from fasted to fed states (i.e., metabolic inflexibility), antioxidant capacity, fat-free mass (FFM), and muscle insulin sensitivity along with greater fat deposition in muscle (P &lt; 0.05 for all). Changes in fasting insulin and inflammation were not observed. However, glucose tolerance was reduced during acute overfeeding. Protein supplementation did not prevent FFM loss and metabolic alterations.

Conclusions
Physical inactivity triggers metabolic inflexibility, even when energy balance is maintained. Although reduced insulin sensitivity and increased fat deposition were observed at the muscle level, systemic glucose intolerance was detected only in response to a moderately high-fat meal. This finding supports the role of physical inactivity in metabolic inflexibility and suggests that metabolic inflexibility precedes systemic glucose intolerance.
Performance of U-net based pyramidal lucas-kanade registration on free-breathing multi-b-value diffusion MRI of the kidney
Authors: Lv Jun , Huang Wenjian , Zhang Jue , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
In free-breathing multi-b-value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), a series of images typically requires several minutes to collect. During respiration the kidney is routinely displaced and may also undergo deformation. These respiratory motion effects generate artifacts and these are the main sources of error in the quantification of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) derived parameters. This work proposes a fully automated framework that combines a kidney segmentation to improve the registration accuracy.

Methods:
10 healthy subjects were recruited to participate in this experiment. For the segmentation, U-net was adopted to acquire the kidney’s contour. The segmented kidney then served as a region of interest (ROI) for the registration method, known as pyramidal Lucas-Kanade. Our proposed framework confines the kidney’s solution range, thus increasing the pyramidal Lucas-Kanade’s accuracy. To demonstrate the feasibility of our presented framework, eight regions of interest were selected in the cortex and medulla, and data stability was estimated by comparing the normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) values of the fitted data from the bi-exponential intravoxel incoherent motion model pre- and post- registration.

Results:
The results show that the NRMSE was signiﬁcantly lower after registration both in the cortex (p &lt; 0.05) and medulla (p &lt; 0.01) during free-breathing measurements. In addition, expert visual scoring of the derived apparent diffusion coefﬁcient (ADC), f, D and D* maps indicated there were significant improvements in the alignment of the kidney in the post-registered image.

Conclusion:
The proposed framework can effectively reduce the motion artifacts of misaligned multi-b-value DWIs and the inaccuracies of the ADC, f, D and D* estimations.

Advances in knowledge:
This study demonstrates the feasibility of our proposed fully automated framework combining U-net based segmentation and pyramidal Lucas-Kanade registration method for improving the alignment of multi-b-value diffusion-weighted MRIs and reducing the inaccuracy of parameter estimation during free-breathing.
Proprioception and vestibular alterations affect postural control in children with mild autism: A pilot study
Authors: Rosario Martin G. , López Lizzette , Méndez Michelle , Ababneh Anas F , Gonzalez-Sola Maryvi 
Published: March 2018

Background: Individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit some type of motor control impairment, for instance, motor apraxia and history of gross motor delay that could lead to increased risk of fall. This pilot research was designed to assess and characterize static postural stability and create a starting point to better understand and describe postural control in children with mild autism. Method: We measured static postural control with center of pressure (COP) displacement in 10 children with mild autism during eight sensory conditions that challenge and cancel the visual, proprioceptive and vestibular systems. Results: Our results showed that children with autism demonstrated increased postural sway in response to challenges to the proprioceptive and vestibular systems. Conclusion: Therefore, under appropriate, challenging conditions, static postural control instability can be detected in children with mild autism.
Delivering the 48-hour antimicrobial review on inpatient drug charts
Authors: Hobday Dorian , Choudhury Aklak , Asour Amani , Khan Saima , Abburu Sneha , Sood Jyotika , Jaafar Nora , Madhani Manisha , Ahmad Nazia 
Published: March 2018

Background: Prolonged or inappropriate antibiotic therapy increases the risk of health-care-associated infections and the development of resistance to antibiotics, and lengthens hospital admissions. There are clear guidelines on antimicrobial stewardship which state that antibiotics should be reviewed between 48 and 72 hours from commencement ( National Institute of Health and Care Excellence, 2015 ). Despite these guidelines this review was often not documented as having been carried out on the authors' inpatient wards. Methods: A quality improvement project was undertaken with the aim of improving the percentage completion of the 48-hour antimicrobial review box section of the inpatient drug charts to over 90% across two 30-bed acute respiratory wards within 7 weeks. The primary outcome measures were percentage completion of 48-hour antibiotic review and number of days on intravenous antibiotics. The quality improvement programme took place over 7 weeks and included seven interventions designed to improve completion of the 48-hour review. Results: During the study, the percentage completion of 48-hour review rose from a baseline median of 68% to 100% and was accompanied by a reduction in the number of days on intravenous antibiotics from a baseline median of 2.25 days to 1.5 days. Conclusions: This simple quality improvement project led to a greatly improved review of antimicrobial therapy which was associated with significantly reduced time on intravenous antibiotics. The quality improvement methodology could easily be adapted for other inpatient medical wards.
A Social Network Analysis of a Regional Automated Wood Pellet Heating Industry in Pursuing Homeowner Satisfaction
Authors: Guo Tian , Leahy Jessica , Huff Emily Silver , Danks Cecilia , Adams Maura 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Our study examined relationships among pellet mills, bulk delivery companies, and high-efficiency pellet boiler equipment firms in northern New England as they relate to homeowner satisfaction, using social network analysis and the concept of supply chain management. The continual growth of supply and demand for automated pellet heating requires a careful match between innovative technologies and homeowner needs; these involve multiple factors and require collaboration among firms. Using interview data with managers from pellet mills, bulk delivery companies, and equipment firms in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, we found 15 firms that are connected through both a transaction network and an informal business interaction network. The networks were characterized by short paths and no obvious sign of centralization. Network statistics reported for each network included density, clustering coefficient, and degree, closeness, and betweenness centrality. Most firms in the supply networks shared customer satisfaction information (average number of information sending ties = 3) and considered collaboration in customer services important (mean = 4.4, on a 5-point scale). However, equipment firms initiated more information sharing than other types, and bulk delivery companies were in the best position in the supply network to promote collaborative customer services. Opportunities exist to improve communication between pellet mills and equipment firms, leading to a robust automated pellet heating supply chain, strong demand, and subsequent homeowner satisfaction.
Génesis y desarrollo del concepto de evolución
Authors: Sánchez Morales Hilde 
Published: March 2018

La teoría evolucionista de Darwin, en la fecha de la publicación de El origen de las especies (1859), atrajo inmediatamente la atención, pero no recibió unánime aceptación. Muchos la consideraron contraria a la ortodoxia religiosa y una amenaza que atentaba contra el orden ideológico tradicional. Otros la aceptaron con restricciones y otros la tomaron como verdad absoluta. Hay que reconocer que la opinión culta de la época victoriana era fuertemente conservadora y hostil a todo lo que se desviara de la ortodoxia. A esto hay que añadir que el planteamiento de Darwin violaba el concepto de Naturaleza hasta entonces reconocido; de tal forma que por parte de amplios sectores de la iglesia la reacción fue muy agresiva. Los debates y publicaciones acerca de este tema han cobrado especial visibilidad con motivo de la celebración, en el 2009, del bicentenario del nacimiento de Charles Robert Darwin.
El emergentismo humanista de Javier Monserrat
Authors: Beorlegui Carlos 
Published: March 2018

J. Monserrat constituye el representante más significativo y consistente del paradigma emergentista en nuestro entorno cultural, defendiendo un emergentismo humanista, que ha ido profundizando desde el nivel de los engramas neuronales hasta adherirse a las tesis de la neurología cuántica de Penrose y Hameroff. A lo largo de este artículo se presentan los principales planteamientos defendidos por J. Monserrat, dentro del horizonte del amplio paradigma del emergentismo sistémico, advirtiéndose como dicho paradigma le permite defender de un modo más adecuado un modelo antropológico humanista y creyente.
Implicaciones de la neurociencia. Psicofármacos e identidad: entre la cultura y la biología
Authors: Feito Grande Lydia 
Published: March 2018

Los avances neurocientíficos abren la posibilidad de modificar las capacidades del ser humano, con afán de mejorarlo. Un ejemplo de estos cambios se encuentra en los neurofármacos. Alterar la memoria, la atención o el ánimo pueden suponer un cambio de identidad personal. Se analiza esta cuestión de la identidad y lo que pueda suponer de modificación de una naturaleza humana, lo que lleva a replantear el debate entre naturaleza y cultura, también desde la neurociencia actual. Se concluye que el dinamismo de la identidad narrativa humana es el resultado de esa interacción.
Identidad, alteridad y fantasía en un entorno tecnológico
Authors: Grané Terradas Francesc 
Published: March 2018

La nueva personalidad posmoderna significa apertura, no fragmentación irrevocable. La modernidad tardía puede romper el orden simbólico de la sociedad, pero se reconstituye como una forma de apertura, como un espacio para la imaginación radical. Aquí, los procesos psíquicos de la fantasía se hacen centrales como elemento autoconstrucción personal. Tanto en el plano de la interioridad psíquica como en el mundo exterior, vivir en la sociedad-red significa vivir conscientes de la sobre-determinación que imprime la fantasía en los mundos personales y culturales. La fantasía, como flujo creativo de lo inconsciente, está ligada de manera directa con el conocimiento y con la experiencia del mundo, y no se puede evitar ni superar.
Regulating human genetic research in Latin America: a race to the top or a race together?
Authors: Isasi Rosario 
Published: March 2018

Equilibrar la potencialidad terapéutica de la genética con la adopción de políticas que reflejen los valores sociales, ha demostrado ser una tarea formidable para los países latinoamericanos. Este ensayo presenta algunas reflexiones sobre la política de investigación genética humana en América Latina y explora un camino para el desarrollo de estas políticas.
La bioética global y la ética de la responsabilidad: una mirada fenomenológica a los orígenes y a los desafíos para el futuro
Authors: Lecaros Juan Alberto 
Published: March 2018

El artículo muestra como las intuiciones originales que surgen en la fundación de la bioética por Fritz Jahr y Van Resselaer Potter, olvidadas en las primeras etapas de la evolución de la disciplina, vuelven a recuperarse por dos vías que conducen a una necesaria bioética para la era de la globalización. Por un lado, la bioética de Jahr y Potter es posible vincularla con la tradición de las éticas medioambientales y de las éticas de la responsabilidad. Por otro lado, la tradición bioética dominante en las últimas décadas comienza a superarse debido a los crecientes efectos sociales, económicos y medioambientales de la globalización. La recuperación de la concepción fundacional de la bioética de Jahr y Potter es tan sólo un punto de partida para la construcción de una bioética global. A partir de este reconocimiento, el autor propone un marco de principios para una bioética global.
Financial Contagion and Globalization: Evidence from South Asian Countries
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Usman Sana , Haq Naveed Ul , Laeeq Hood , Raja Ammar Aftab 
Published: March 2018

This study investigates the contagion and globalization between the South Asian (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka) and five largest economies (US, UK, China, Japan and Germany) stock markets. Daily stock returns data from 1st July 1997 to 30th June 2015 consisting of total 4695 observation is analyzed. DCC GARCH is applied to calculate the conditional correlation coefficients to overcome the issue of heteroscedasticity. Null hypothesis of no globalization got rejected eleven times out of twenty while the hypothesis of no contagion got rejected six times. Further analysis of conditional correlation coefficients confirmed the impact of 9/11 attacks, Subprime mortgage crises and Europeans debt crises on the Indian market. Impact of 9/11 attacks also found on Pakistani and Sri Lankan stock exchanges, while Dhaka stock exchange remained independent of all shocks. In sum, the South Asian stock markets remained isolated from the global shocks except India. Isolation of South Asian stock markets from the global shocks is due to their lower integration with the global markets. This study provides some useful recommendations to the investors and policy makers. Results suggests that Indian stock exchange get contagion impact from the major economies, so authorities of India should have to take measure to decouple the market from the global shocks. The markets of Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan are not properly integrated with global financial system, so the authorities of these countries should have to take proper steps to liberalize the markets. This paper presents the first empirical study on financial contagion and globalization of South Asian countries.
Teen Pregnancy Risk Factors Among Young Women of Diverse Sexual Orientations
Authors: Charlton Brittany M. , Roberts Andrea L. , Rosario Margaret , Katz-Wise Sabra L. , Calzo Jerel P. , Spiegelman Donna , Austin S. Bryn 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVES:Young women who are sexual minorities (eg, bisexual and lesbian) are approximately twice as likely as those who are heterosexual to have a teen pregnancy. Therefore, we hypothesized that risk factors for teen pregnancy would vary across sexual orientation groups and that other potential risk factors exist that are unique to sexual minorities.METHODS:We used multivariable log-binomial models gathered from 7120 young women in the longitudinal cohort known as the Growing Up Today Study to examine the following potential teen pregnancy risk factors: childhood maltreatment, bullying victimization and perpetration, and gender nonconformity. Among sexual minorities, we also examined the following: sexual minority developmental milestones, sexual orientation–related stress, sexual minority outness, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual social activity involvement.RESULTS:Childhood maltreatment and bullying were significant teen pregnancy risk factors among all participants. After adjusting for childhood maltreatment and bullying, the sexual orientation–related teen pregnancy disparities were attenuated; these risk factors explained 45% of the disparity. Among sexual minorities, reaching sexual minority developmental milestones earlier was also associated with an increased teen pregnancy risk.CONCLUSIONS:The higher teen pregnancy prevalence among sexual minorities compared with heterosexuals in this cohort was partially explained by childhood maltreatment and bullying, which may, in part, stem from sexual orientation–related discrimination. Teen pregnancy prevention efforts that are focused on risk factors more common among young women who are sexual minorities (eg, childhood maltreatment, bullying) can help to reduce the existing sexual orientation–related teen pregnancy disparity.
Predicting Teen Dating Violence Perpetration
Authors: Cohen Joseph R. , Shorey Ryan C. , Menon Suvarna V. , Temple Jeff R. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVES:
With our study we aimed to (1) understand what factors uniquely conferred risk for physical and sexual forms of teen dating violence (TDV) perpetration and (2) create a screening algorithm to quantify perpetration risk on the basis of these factors.

METHODS:
A total of 1031 diverse public high school students living in Southeast Texas participated in our study (56% female; 29% African American, 28% white, and 31% Hispanic). Self-report measures concerning TDV and associated risk factors were completed annually for 6 years.

RESULTS:
Results suggested that family violence (domestic violence exposure, maltreatment) together with deficits in conflict resolution incrementally improved our forecasts above and beyond lifetime history of physical TDV perpetration (net reclassification improvement = 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30–0.59). Meanwhile, a violent dating history (TDV sexual perpetration, sexual victimization, and emotional perpetration) and acceptance of TDV incrementally improved our models for forecasting sexual forms of perpetration (net reclassification improvement = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.24–0.58). These models adequately discriminated between future perpetrators and nonoffenders (area under the curve statistic &gt;0.70; 95% CI: 0.69–0.74). Overall, adolescents with positive test results on our algorithms were over twice as likely to perpetrate dating violence over the course of 6 years.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study represents one of the first applications of reclassification analyses to psychosocial research in a pediatric population. The result is a theoretically informed, empirically based algorithm that can adequately estimate the likelihood of physical and sexual TDV perpetration during vulnerable developmental periods. These findings can immediately aid emerging preventive initiatives for this increasing public health concern.
Investigando a robustez de uma metodologia para determinação do valor de base da frequência fundamental
Authors: Arantes Pablo , Linhares Maria Érica do Nascimento 
Published: March 2018

Resumo: Este trabalho testa a robustez de uma metodologia proposta pelos foneticistas suecos Traunmüller e Eriksson para determinar o valor de base, um estimador estatístico do valor típico da frequência fundamental (F0) de um falante com base na média e no desvio-padrão da F0. A metodologia consiste em estimar uma constante, k, que indica quantos desvios-padrão abaixo da média de F0 do falante o valor de base está. O método para estimar a constante foi criado e testado em amostras de fala atuada. Verificamos neste trabalho se a aplicação da mesma técnica a amostras de fala não atuada produz resultados comparáveis aos reportados por Traunmüller e Eriksson. A investigação usou amostras de fala produzidas por falantes nativos de alemão, estoniano, francês, inglês britânico, italiano, português brasileiro e sueco, em três estilos de elocução: entrevista, leitura de frases e leitura de palavras. Os resultados indicam que a variabilidade causada pelos estilos de enunciação na F0 possibilita a aplicação da metodologia a amostras de fala não atuada. Os valores da constante derivados dos dados não atuados são próximos aos reportados pelos autores suecos, o que indica que ela é robusta tanto do ponto de vista dos falantes quanto das línguas.Palavras-chave: entoação; valor de base; frequência fundamental. Abstract: This paper probes the robustness of Traunmüller and Eriksson’s methodology to determine the base value of the fundamental frequency of speech, an estimator of a speaker’s typical F0 value. The methodology entails the estimation of a constant, k, indicating where the base value for a speaker lies in relation to F0 standard deviations below the F0 mean. The methodology was originally developed from acted speech samples. Here we test if k values can be successfully obtained from non-acted samples and how they compare to the ones reported by Traunmüller and Eriksson. A speech corpus of speech samples differing in speaking styles (spontaneous interview, sentence reading, word list reading) from seven languages (English, Estonian, French, German, Italian, Brazilian Portuguese, Swedish) was used. Results show that k values estimated from non-acted speech are roughly the same as those reported in Traunmüller and Eriksson’s original paper. We speculate that deviations can be explained by the fact that some speakers make extensive use of non-modal register.Keywords: intonation; base value; fundamental frequency.
Implementation of an OBD-II diagnostics tool over CAN-BUS with Arduino
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Armando , Vento Álvarez José Raúl , Inouye Rodriguez Ricardo 
Published: March 2018

Since its beginnings, the goal of On Board Diagnostics [OBD] standard has been to take control over gasses emission in automotives and its effects in the environment. This project implements a system based on OBD-II diagnostic protocol over a CAN bus, which allows both, displaying real time variables and diagnostic the vehicle status to get codes about its functioning, failures and energy efficiency. On board diagnostic systems allow to obtain failure codes stored and several relevant variables as: speed, gas level and CO2 emission levels, in real time. An OBD-II system centered at the end of the bus, corresponding to the scanner or diagnostic unit, was implemented on an Arduino Mega 2560 board connected to a CAN transceiver-controller composite module. The scanner has a USB connection that makes it easy to view the data recovered in a versatile way on a PC through a graphical interface created in LabVIEW ™.