bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling membrane protein localization and interactions in nanodiscs
Authors: Koh Young Hoon , Kim So‐Jung , Roh Soung‐Hun 
Published: November 2024

Nanodiscs, consisting of a lipid bilayer surrounded by membrane scaffold proteins (MSPs), are extensively used to study membrane proteins (MPs) because they provide a stable lipid environment. However, the precise mechanism governing MP behavior within the nanodisc remains elusive. Here, we examined the cryo‐EM structures of various MPs reconstituted in nanodiscs from EMPIAR. By analyzing the heterogeneity and interactions in the nanodiscs, we discovered that MPs display a distinct spatial preference toward the edges of the nanodisc shells. Furthermore, MPs can establish direct, amphipathic interactions with the MSPs, causing a reduction in local protein dynamics. These interactions may rearrange MSP‐MSP interactions into MP‐MSP interactions. Collectively, we provide structural insights into how nanodiscs contribute to MP structural behavior and dynamics.Impact statementNanodiscs are used to study membrane proteins (MPs), but the mechanisms governing the behavior of MPs within nanodiscs remain elusive. Here, we provide structural insights into how nanodiscs contribute to the behavior of MPs, which will aid the interpretation of cryo‐EM studies performed using nanodiscs.
Investigation of the Damping Behavior and Tensile Properties of Bilayer Ni‐Ti Particle‐Reinforced 1060 Aluminum–Matrix Composites
Authors: Cao Zhao‐Yang , Jiang Hong‐Jie , Liu Chong‐Yu , Meng Zheng‐Bing , Wei Li‐Li , Liu Shu‐Hui , Huang Hong‐Feng 
Published: November 2024

The single Ni‐Ti particle‐reinforced aluminum–matrix composites have a narrow damping temperature range and few damping peaks, which limit their practical applications. To address this issue, this study utilizes rolling composite technology to incorporate layers of Ni‐Ti particles in various aging states into 1060 aluminum. This method yields bilayer Ni‐Ti particle‐reinforced 1060 aluminum–matrix composites with multiple internal friction peaks from phase transformations and a broader damping temperature range. The research indicates strong bonding between alloy particles and the 1060 aluminum matrix, without obvious elemental diffusion at the NiTi/Al interface. Compared to the single‐aged Ni‐Ti particle reinforcement method, the bilayer approach increases the number of phase‐transformation peaks and expands the phase‐transformation temperature range. Although the composite material exhibits greater strength than 1060 aluminum, its elongation was lower. Internal friction peaks of the bilayer composite at –48, –31, 6, 38, and 66 °C surpass those of 1060 aluminum by 245%, 223%, 153%, 151%, and 120%, respectively. This enhancement in damping capacity is attributed to synergistic effects from interfacial damping, dislocation damping, and phase‐transformation damping within the composites.
Permeable Film Enabled Evaporation Control of Liquid‐Assisted Assembly for Printing High‐Uniformity Functional Patterns
Authors: Guo Mengmeng , Yang Yongrui , Qu Zhiyuan , Zheng Xu , Gao Jie , Min Fanyi , Lv Wenkun , Guo Lutong , Qiao Yali , Song Yanlin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEvaporation‐driven self‐assembly is attractive for functional patterning in a wide range of applications such as nanofabrication, electronics, and biology. But how to regulate the deposition caused by the coffee‐ring effect and produce desirable patterns with high uniformity, generally performing large‐scale printability is challenging. Herein, a multidimensional modulation is developed to prompt highly uniform and scalable patterning of functional materials. The introduction of permeable films enables effective modulation of the desired evaporative distribution and controllably achieves three typical depositions, ring‐like, uniform (coffee‐ring‐free), and eye‐like. The ratio of mass solvent flow rate of evaporation‐to‐pervaporation is demonstrated to predict the deposition form. Mechanism studies show that the direction and rate of mass transport are crucial for the patterning process. Furthermore, the uniformity of scalable depositions with different geometry is systematically evaluated in diverse liquid systems and the functional application is demonstrated. This work provides general insights into the evaporation control of liquid‐assisted assembly and the potential applications of uniform patterns in fields such as electronics and optoelectronics.
3D Printing of Hierarchically Structured Metals/Alloys Based on Ion‐Infused Porous Hydrogels
Authors: Sun Zhuo , Ming Xin , Xu Zijian , Xu Yang , Xie Tao , Wu Jingjun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHierarchically porous‐structured metals show tremendous potential for mechanical applications in the aerospace, automotive, and healthcare sectors. Accurately controlling both the microstructural pore morphology and the macroscopic geometric shape presents a significant challenge and directly impacts its applications. Existing approaches involve combining 3D printing with sacrificial templating, where the introduction of templating agents restricts the control of the 3D printing process. Here, a template‐free process is developed for the manufacturing of hierarchical metallic structures from DLP 3D‐printed ion‐infused porous hydrogels. The porous structure of the hydrogel scaffold introduced by lyophilization not only induces the formation of microporous metallic structures during the sintering process but also helps reduce the internal stresses within the material to facilitate shape integrity. Hierarchically structured iron and iron‐based high‐entropy alloys with pore diameters ranging from sub‐micrometer to millimeter are fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. This work is anticipated to inspire the design and fabrication of high‐performance metallic structures for functional applications such as catalysts or metamaterials.
Selective Oxygen Activation by Integrating Dual Photosensitizers in Conjugated Porous Polymers and Microenvironments Manipulation for High‐Performance Water Purification and H2O2 Production
Authors: Wang Danfeng , Zhao Wuzi , Tan Feiyang , Wang Xin , Dong Jingwen , Zhou Shiyuan , Liu Guangfeng , Gu Peiyang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConjugated porous polymers (CPPs) are promising materials for water purification due to their capacity to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light. However, insufficient oxygen (O2) adsorption and unselective O2 activation pathways prevent the efficiency of photodegradation of refractory pollutants. Herein, the strategy of integrating dual photosensitizes into CPPs’ framework in a donor‐π‐acceptor conformation is proposed, combined with microenvironment modulation for regulating exciton dynamic and built‐in electric field, to confer extraordinarily excellent selective and high concentration of singlet oxygen (1O2) production (1.30 × 106 µmol g−1 h−1), being 103 fold of superoxide radical (·O2−) yield. Consequently, BDP‐Por‐O exhibits unprecedently high efficiency in bisphenol A (BPA) removal, with 10 and 100 ppm BPA degradation in just 2 and 20 min, respectively. Additionally, photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production also shows a satisfactory production rate. Mechanistic investigations using femto‐second transient absorption spectroscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal the impressive performance is attributed to selective and efficient 1O2 generation due to multiple effective O2 adsorption sites and the access to long‐lived excitons for 1O2 permitted by microenvironment optimization. This work provides an outstanding avenue for selective ROS generation and would advance the development of photocatalysts for water treatment.
Unlocking Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in α‐CuTeI via Specific Symmetry Breaking in Cu Sublattice
Authors: Yang Shunda , Lin Chensheng , He Xiu , Huang Jiajing , Snyder Gerald Jeffrey , Lin Yue , Luo Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLattice softening is an intricate mechanism utilized to modulate lattice thermal conductivity (κlat). However, experimental observations are often complicated by numerous factors including thermal regimes, elemental matrices, and crystalline topographies, making the fundamental mechanisms complex. In this study, the temperature gradients are meticulously harnessed during phase transitions, both in heating and cooling trajectories, to ascertain that atomic configuration acts as the paramount factor modulating phonon propagation. Within CuTeI, the predilection between the tetragonal (β) and orthorhombic (α) phases is deftly manipulated via specific thermal pathways to a juncture of 273 K. A salient 44% variance in κlat is observed consequent to a singular alteration in the structural disposition of the bridging Cu atoms. Such atomic configurations delineate pronounced differential effects on the transmission dynamics of transverse and longitudinal phonons. The theoretical analysis indicates that the transverse acoustic velocity plays a more pivotal role in dictating κlat than its longitudinal counterpart due to its greater contribution to the Grüneisen parameter. The synergistic interplay of lattice softening and anharmonicity enhancement culminates in an exceptionally diminished κlat in α‐CuTeI, registering a record low κlat of 0.21 W/(m × K) among inorganic materials dominated by phonon–phonon scattering at 273 K. The revelations proffer avant‐garde perspectives for the nuanced modulation of phonon velocities and κlat.
On the Damage Tolerance of Bioinspired Gradient Composites with Nacre‐Like Architecture
Authors: Zhang Nan , Liu Zengqian , Yu Qin , Li Xiaotao , Zhu Yankun , Wang Shaogang , Hao Yuquan , Jiang Bailing , Zhang Zhefeng , Ritchie Robert O. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe evolution of natural armor materials has led to gradient structures with specific architectures to achieve high damage tolerance, thus offering valuable inspiration for the design of man‐made materials. Here, bioinspired gradient composites with a nacre‐like brick‐and‐mortar architecture are fabricated by infiltrating a polymer phase into porous ceramic scaffolds with position‐specific ceramic content. These composites demonstrate an integrated structure with notable several‐fold variations in local hardness and modulus across the thickness. The asymmetric mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of the composites are investigated and compared to those of uniform composites. Specifically, when loaded along the direction of decreasing stiffness – resembling the typical loading configuration of natural armors, the gradient composites exhibit superior damage tolerance compared to the opposite direction and a uniform composite with equivalent ceramic content. This is attributed to the decreased peak stress, broader stress distribution, and increased deformation capacity, along with enhanced toughening effects that impede crack growth through mechanisms of crack deflection, crack bridging by uncracked ligaments, together with their frictional pull‐out from crack surfaces. This study deepens the understanding of the damage tolerance of gradient materials and offers insights for the bioinspired design of highly damage‐tolerant materials.
Electrochemical Dual Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization of 2‐Aryl‐N‐Acryloyl Indoles Enabling Assembly of Indole[2,1‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Mei Haibo , Zhang Yucheng , Liu Jiang , Escorihuela Jorge , Kiss Loránd , Han Jianlin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn electrochemical cascade radical cyclization of 2‐aryl‐N‐acryloyl indoles with sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate as a coupling partner has been explored, which afforded the unexpected bis‐trifluoromethylated indole[2,1‐a]isoquinolines as products. Experimental results and DFT calculations disclose that this reaction involves trifluoromethylation‐triggered cyclization and the second trifluoromethylation as the key steps. This strategy does not need any transition‐metal catalysts or oxidants with a readily available trifluoromethylating reagent enabling facile synthesis of bis‐trifluoromethylated indole‐fused tricycles.
Using Latent Class Analysis to Characterize Sickness Signaling in Relation to Familism and Public and Private Religiosity in a Stratified US Sample
Authors: Padalkar Tanvi , Perrotte Jessica , Lynn Christopher Dana , Lee Austin , Nuttall Aidan , Shattuck Eric C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn response to contracting an infection, individuals usually display a suite of external signs (including sickness behavior) as an outward indication of illness. This context‐dependent phenomenon seems to weigh the benefits and costs of eliciting sympathy by indicating sickness versus hiding signs of illness to avoid exposing others to potential infection. In a dynamically social species like humans, non‐kin may be as likely to respond to these signs with care as family members, particularly fellow church members. We explore the relative contributions of religiosity and familism in shaping self‐reported sickness signaling styles as two dimensions central to human altruism using latent class analysis (LCA).MethodsLCA was used to characterize the signaling styles of the study participants. Data come from a large 2018 survey (n = 1259) of sickness and health behaviors among US adults. We used denomination public (church attendance) and private religiosity (time spent in prayer, meditation, etc.) and the God Locus of Health Control scale to assess the impact of God on health. Sickness signaling style was assessed with the SicknessQ and three additional items. Covariates included age, gender, education, and income.ResultsWe identified four classes (Familiar, Moderate, Gregarious, and Stoic) tied to signaling styles. The Familiar Signaling class displayed sickness verbally to familiar others, were the oldest, and were least guided by an internal sense of religion. The Moderate Signaling class was younger and had lower public and private religiosity (except regarding health issues) than the Stoic and Gregarious Signaling classes. The Gregarious class signaled to both close others and strangers and scored highest in familism and religiosity. The Stoic class did not verbally signal but indicated sickness worsening when around both close others and strangers, were less likely to be married or endorse private religiosity, and were least likely to recall recent illness as severe.ConclusionThe signaling classes strongly resembled aspects of the introvert–ambivert–extrovert spectrum. We conclude that variation is important at multiple levels, including personality types, and potentially prevents the loss of immunological diversity.
Urbanization and Infectious Disease
Authors: Dorsey Achsah F. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe United Nations currently estimates that over half of the global population has lived in cities since 2017 and that this proportion is continuing to grow, particularly in the Global South. While urbanization is not new, increased population density combined with accelerating rates of (re)emerging and noncommunicable diseases as well as growing economic disparities has created new challenges to human health and well‐being. Here, I examine peri‐urban communities, peripheral settlements on the edges of urban areas populated by rural people, and argue that these areas are often overlooked, despite becoming increasingly common. Thus, human biologists should move beyond categorizing these spaces as transitional. Using unplanned, peri‐urban communities around Lima, Peru as a case study, I detail the complexity of political ecological factors that impact infectious disease risk and rates in peri‐urban communities. Using disease mechanisms, I demonstrate the importance of a biocultural approach and a political ecology perspective when investigating infectious disease. I highlight how human biologists and anthropologists are uniquely positioned to explore the heterogeneity of infectious disease patterns and pathways in an increasingly urbanized world.
Strategies for increasing the use of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing major surgery*
Authors: Murphy L. , Warnakulasuriya S. R. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryTranexamic acid reduces major bleeding events in patients undergoing major surgery without increasing thromboembolic events. In October 2022, the Joint Royal Colleges Tranexamic Acid in Surgery Implementation Group issued recommendations for consideration of tranexamic acid use in all patients having inpatient surgery. National and local audit data shows that a significant portion of eligible patients do not receive tranexamic acid. We designed and implemented a quality improvement project to increase the use of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing major surgery (surgery with the potential for estimated blood loss > 500 ml). Data were collected on baseline tranexamic acid use and stakeholder‐reported barriers to tranexamic acid use. This was used to design and implement a sequence of quality improvement interventions. We disseminated Joint Royal Colleges guidance and delivered education sessions to increase understanding of tranexamic acid use. The local World Health Organisation (WHO) surgical checklist was updated to prompt clinical staff to consider the use of tranexamic acid. At baseline tranexamic acid was used in 50 of 100 (50%) major surgical cases. In the third audit cycle, tranexamic acid use had improved to 65 of 96 (68%) cases, with a shift in practice noted on continuous monitoring data indicating sustained improvement. Key factors in successful implementation of this project included stakeholder engagement, widespread dissemination of education and guidance and change of the local WHO surgical checklist.
Spectroscopic and Photometric Analyses of the Trapezium Stars θ1 Ori A and θ1 Ori D
Authors: Elmaslı A. , Ünal K. Ö. , Ozuyar D. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we report on the spectroscopic and photometric observations of the two Trapezium stars, Ori A and Ori D. The spectra of these stars were extracted from the ESO and ESPaDOnS archives. Both stars exhibit nebular emission features, particularly within the core of the Balmer profiles and He I lines at and . Additionally, the spectral energy distributions of these targets were constructed, revealing an infrared excess in both. These emission structures and infrared excesses are attributed to the H II region caused by Ori C. Furthermore, detailed spectroscopic analysis performed to Ori A and Ori D revealed similar abundance patterns, with slight differences in carbon, magnesium, and aluminum. The effective temperatures derived from the spectroscopic analysis were used to determine their positions on the Hertzsprung‐Russell (H‐R) diagram. Additionally, the evolutionary tracks and isochrones constructed on the H‐R diagram allowed for the estimation of their evolutionary masses and ages. Finally, TESS observations of the target stars were obtained to investigate their light variations.
Starting with trees: Between and beyond environmental education
Authors: Kraftl Peter , Ambreen Samyia , Armson David , Badwan Khawla , Curtis Elizabeth , Pahl Kate , Schofield J. Edward 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper explores learning about environments with a focus on starting with trees. The paper examines children and young people's perceptions of and engagement with trees, as part of a large grant that sought to examine the dis/benefits of trees for children's lives and learning. In this paper, we attempt to move beyond notions of ‘education for sustainability’ in that we start with knowledges generated with trees. We are concerned that current educational discourses tend to incorporate extractivist perspectives. They also focus on humans rather than the inseparability of the natural world from the human experience as a starting point for research. The paper is based on a large‐scale, transdisciplinary, UK‐based project, rooted in in‐depth, co‐produced research with a total of 545 children and young people, across multiple primary and secondary schools in England and Scotland. The paper begins and exemplifies a new conversation about what starting with trees might enable for studies of education and childhood. We propose the concepts of dwelling, skilling and belonging as a novel framework for ‘starting with trees’.
Thermische Lastansätze für Fertigteil‐Sandwichfassaden unter Berücksichtigung moderner Bauweisen
Authors: Bert Christopher , Fischer Oliver 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSandwichwände sind ein essenzieller Bestandteil der modernen Stahlbetonfertigteilbauweise. Im statischen Sinne stellen diese mehrschichtigen Bauteile hochgradig komplexe Tragsysteme dar, hierbei wird die Vorsatzschale in der Praxis meist sehr vereinfacht behandelt. Die zunehmende Verwendung von innovativen, hocheffizienten Vorsatzschalen mit Querschnitten von bis zu 20 mm erfordert eine dringende Überarbeitung der bestehenden Praktiken und Richtlinien. Dabei ist eine detaillierte Betrachtung der klimainduzierten thermischen Einflüsse entscheidend für eine anzustrebende wirtschaftliche und sichere Tragwerksbemessung. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts wurden an Sandwichwänden mit unterschiedlichen Vorsatzschalen umfangreiche experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zu den auftretenden thermischen Reaktionsgrößen im Vorsatzschalenquerschnitt durchgeführt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse fließen in einen Vorschlag für querschnittsabhängige thermische Lastannahmen von Sandwichwänden ein.
Brückensanierung mit UHFB in Österreich
Authors: Freytag Bernhard , Huß Michael , Mayer Michael , Randl Norbert , Tue Nguyen Viet 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDie Sanierung und Integralisierung der Steinbachbrücke im Schnellstraßennetz zwischen Wien und Graz ist Österreichs erstes Projekt in UHFB‐Aufbeton‐Bauweise. Als Besonderheit wurde auf eine Brückenabdichtung verzichtet und die 7 cm dicke, statisch wirksame UHFB‐Sanierungsschicht gleichzeitig als Fahrbahnbelag verwendet. Erfahrungen aus diesem Pilotprojekt sind in die Richtlinie UHFB der Österreichischen Bautechnik‐Vereinigung eingeflossen; sowohl hinsichtlich der Herstellung als auch hinsichtlich der Bemessung. In diesem Beitrag werden die entsprechenden Schlüsselthemen wie Verbundfestigkeit zwischen UHFB und Bestandbeton, sowohl statisch als auch ermüdungstechnisch, Rissbreiten, Arbeitsfugen und Griffigkeit näher beleuchtet. Die Wirkungsweise und Leistungsfähigkeit werden anhand von experimentellen Untersuchungen dargelegt. Daraus abgeleitete Bemessungsregeln werden am Beispiel des Projekts Steinbachbrücke präsentiert. Ein Blick auf den Zustand der Steinbachbrücke nach mehr als zehn Jahren intensiver Nutzung vervollständigt das Bild dieser noch jungen, aber bereits gut entwickelten und durch die Richtlinie klar geregelten Bauweise.