bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power to peep-all: Inference Attacks by Malicious Batteries on Mobile Devices
Authors: Lifshits Pavel , Forte Roni , Hoshen Yedid , Halpern Matt , Philipose Manuel , Tiwari Mohit , Silberstein Mark 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Mobile devices are equipped with increasingly smart batteries designed to provide responsiveness and extended lifetime. However, such smart batteries may present a threat to users’ privacy. We demonstrate that the phone’s power trace sampled from the battery at 1KHz holds enough information to recover a variety of sensitive information.
We show techniques to infer characters typed on a touchscreen; to accurately recover browsing history in an open-world setup; and to reliably detect incoming calls, and the photo shots including their lighting conditions. Combined with a novel exfiltration technique that establishes a covert channel from the battery to a remote server via a web browser, these attacks turn the malicious battery into a stealthy surveillance device.
We deconstruct the attack by analyzing its robustness to sampling rate and execution conditions. To find mitigations we identify the sources of the information leakage exploited by the attack. We discover that the GPU or DRAM power traces alone are sufficient to distinguish between different websites. However, the CPU and power-hungry peripherals such as a touchscreen are the primary sources of fine-grain information leakage. We consider and evaluate possible mitigation mechanisms, highlighting the challenges to defend against the attacks.
In summary, our work shows the feasibility of the malicious battery and motivates further research into system and application-level defenses to fully mitigate this emerging threat.
When the cookie meets the blockchain: Privacy risks of web payments via cryptocurrencies
Authors: Goldfeder Steven , Kalodner Harry , Reisman Dillon , Narayanan Arvind 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We show how third-party web trackers can deanonymize users of cryptocurrencies. We present two distinct but complementary attacks. On most shopping websites, third party trackers receive information about user purchases for purposes of advertising and analytics. We show that, if the user pays using a cryptocurrency, trackers typically possess enough information about the purchase to uniquely identify the transaction on the blockchain, link it to the user’s cookie, and further to the user’s real identity. Our second attack shows that if the tracker is able to link two purchases of the same user to the blockchain in this manner, it can identify the user’s cluster of addresses and transactions on the blockchain, even if the user employs blockchain anonymity techniques such as CoinJoin. The attacks are passive and hence can be retroactively applied to past purchases. We discuss several mitigations, but none are perfect.
Hans Rosenberg und die Geschichte des deutschen Liberalismus
Authors: Grothe Ewald 
Published: August 2018

Vorspann
Der Liberalismus war 1933 am Ende. So sah es jedenfalls Hans Rosenberg, der zu den herausragenden deutschen Historikern des 20. Jahrhunderts zählt. Rosenberg widmete diesem Thema seine hier erstmals veröffentlichte Antrittsvorlesung in Köln, die in zweifacher Hinsicht von großer Bedeutung ist: Er entfaltete dabei seine historisch tief abgestützte kritische Sicht des deutschen Liberalismus, die in den 1960er Jahren breit rezipiert wurde, und er vollzog zugleich den Übergang von der Ideen- zur Verfassungs- und Sozialgeschichte, der fortan sein Hauptinteresse galt. Zahlreiche prominente Historiker - unter ihnen Gerhard A. Ritter, Hans-Ulrich Wehler und Heinrich August Winkler - orientierten sich später an diesen bereits 1933 entwickelten Deutungen und methodischen Zugriffen.
Ilse Stöbe: Verräterin oder Patriotin?
Authors: Scherstjanoi Elke 
Published: August 2018

Vorspann
In der Bundesrepublik der frühen 1950er Jahre galten Vertreter des Widerstandes weithin als Verräter; sie wurden erst nach und nach öffentlich anerkannt. Dieser Prozess ist noch keineswegs abgeschlossen und gestaltet sich besonders schwierig in Fällen, wo Widerstand die Form einer Zusammenarbeit mit ausländischen Mächten, insbesondere der Sowjetunion, angenommen hat. Der Vorwurf des Landesverrats ist dabei schnell bei der Hand. Er hat auch Ilse Stöbe getroffen, die Informantin des sowjetischen Militärnachrichtendienstes war, unter anderem als Mitarbeiterin des Auswärtigen Amtes. Soll Stöbe in die Widerstandsgalerie des Amtes aufgenommen werden? Elke Scherstjanoi, Historikerin am IfZ, kommt in ihrem hier in leicht überarbeiteter Form präsentierten Gutachten zu einem klaren Resultat: Stöbe leistete „Widerstand durch Verrat“.
Evolución normativa y jurisprudencial de la edad de retiro forzoso en Colombia y la garantía del mínimo vital del servidor público
Authors: Moreno González Fernando Antonio 
Published: August 2018

Los cargos públicos no son ocupados a perpetuidad, ya sea por períodos fijos, faltas disciplinarias que derivan en destitución, o por cumplimiento de la edad de retiro forzoso, siendo esta última, fundamento del objeto de estudio de esta investigación. De este modo, es importante conocer la legalidad de la edad de retiro forzoso consagrada en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano y su interpretación y aplicabilidad en el escenario jurídico práctico. No obstante, existe un inconveniente respecto de algunos servidores públicos a los cuales les es aplicable la causal de retiro forzoso por cumplimiento de edad, pero esta transgrede su derecho fundamental al mínimo vital, sobre todo cuando no hay una concreción de su derecho pensional, representado en el reconocimiento y pago de la prestación económica correspondiente. De ahí que se cuestione si la aplicación de la edad de retiro forzoso como causal de desvinculación del servicio debe aplicarse dentro de la rigurosidad de la ley o modulada por la garantía del mínimo vital del servidor que pretende ser retirado. Así, con el propósito de establecer resultados propios del método científico y abrir un espacio al debate, surgido de la comprensión del lector, se desarrolló el método histórico-lógico de la investigación, que permitió determinar el desarrollo histórico del objeto de estudio e identificar jurídicamente los avances y retrocesos en la materia, teniendo clara cuenta del transcurso normativo y jurisprudencial sobre la edad como causal de retiro del servicio y de la importancia del derecho al mínimo vital del servidor público que se desvinculará.
Evaluation of the role of whey with dodder oxymel on mild to moderate psoriasis: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Atyabi Akramosadat , Kordafshari Gholamreza , Nejatbakhsh Fatemeh , Mansouri Parvin , Eghbalian Fatemeh , Nasiri Malihe , Shirbeigi Laila 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that affects the physical, mental and sexual well-being of patients. Numerous side effects of different treatments and inadequate response to medications have resulted in pursuit of ideal treatment with low toxicity in low burden psoriasis hence complementary medicine. This study aims to evaluate the effects of whey with dodder oxymel on mild to moderate psoriatic skin lesions.
Methods: A 12-week double-blind, randomized, controlled, clinical trial was designed. Ninety psoriatic patients participated in the intervention. Drug and placebo were randomly assigned to two groups identically (whey with dodder oxymel and lactose). Patients were visited twice by a dermatologist. Their clinical responses were evaluated using the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Body Surface Area (BSA).
Results: After 12 weeks, in the intragroup analysis, the mean PASI score (P-value < 0.001) and BSA (P-value = 0.004) decreased in the intervention group. The mean VAS score (P-value < 0.001) and DLQI (Pvalue < 0.001) in both groups decreased. However, this decrease was much higher in the intervention group. In the intergroup analysis, 70% of patients reported improvement in PASI score (P-value < 0.001), the 88% improvement in quality of life (P-value < 0.001) and pruritus intensity (VAS) (P-value < 0.001), and the 54% reduction was detected in the area of lesions (BSA) (P-value = 0.001) as compared to the placebo group.
Conclusion: It appears that whey with dodder oxymel would improve psoriasis conditions and it can increase patients’ quality of life.
Adolescents and Their Parents: Perceptions of Addressing Obesity in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Lee Diana S. , Gross Elissa 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:
Extending obesity screening to the inpatient setting may increase adolescent and parent awareness of weight status. Whether this should be a priority given limited resources depends on how interventions would be received by adolescents and their parents. In this study, we aimed to further understand the perception of adolescents and their parents to addressing obesity in the inpatient setting to inform how to better address this issue.

METHODS:
Pairs of hospitalized adolescents 13 to 18 years old on a general service and their parents were surveyed. The adolescent and parent surveys included 20 and 21 multiple choice and ordered response questions, respectively. Questions assessed perception of adolescent weight status, readiness to discuss weight status in the hospital, and preferences regarding how that should be done. Demographics were self-reported. Adolescent BMI was calculated from medical records and categorized on the basis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention charts.

RESULTS:
Analysis was done on 121 of 122 adolescent-parent pair responses. Of the adolescents, 34% were obese and 21% were overweight. Over two-thirds of adolescents and parents wanted to be informed during the hospitalization if the adolescent was overweight or obese, but there was concordance of both wanting to be informed in only 55% of pairs. A majority of adolescents and parents indicated that they preferred receiving information from physicians and through face-to-face discussion.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although most adolescents and parents want to be informed of weight status in the inpatient setting, providers should be aware of potential differences in adolescent and parent receptiveness.
Improving Influenza Testing and Treatment in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Murphy Ashley , Lindegren Mary Lou , Schaffner William , Johnson David , Riley Lindsay , Chappell James D. , Doyle Joshua D. , Moen Anna Kate , Saxton Grant P. , Shah Rahul P. , Williams Derek J. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:
National guidelines recommend influenza testing for children hospitalized with influenza-like illness (ILI) during influenza season and treatment of those with confirmed influenza. Using quality improvement methods, we sought to increase influenza testing and treatment of children admitted to our hospital medicine service with ILI from 65% to 90% during the 2014–2015 influenza season.

METHODS:
We targeted several key drivers using multiple plan-do-study-act cycles. Interventions included awareness modules, biweekly flyers, and failure tracking. ILI admissions (fever plus respiratory symptoms) were reviewed weekly once surveillance data revealed elevated influenza activity. Appropriate testing and treatment of ILI was defined as influenza testing and/or treatment within 24 hours of admission unless a known cause other than influenza was present. We used statistical process control charts to track progress using established quality improvement methods. Appropriate testing and treatment was also assessed in the 2016–2017 influenza season by using similar methods, although no new interventions were introduced.

RESULTS:
For the 2014–2015 season, appropriate testing and treatment increased from a baseline mean of 65% to 91% within 3 months. For the 2016–2017 season, appropriate testing and treatment remained at a mean of 80% throughout the influenza season.

CONCLUSIONS:
Appropriate influenza testing and treatment increased to 90% in children with ILI during the 2014–2015 season. Improvements were sustained in a subsequent influenza season. Our initiative improved recognition of influenza and likely increased treatment opportunities. Future work should be focused on wider implementation and further reducing variation.
Pain Experience in a US Children’s Hospital: A Point Prevalence Survey Undertaken After the Implementation of a System-Wide Protocol to Eliminate or Decrease Pain Caused by Needles
Authors: Postier Andrea C. , Eull Donna , Schulz Craig , Fitzgerald Maura , Symalla Barbara , Watson David , Goertzen Lexie , Friedrichsdorf Stefan J. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:
Pain in hospitalized children remains under-assessed and undertreated. With this study, we aim to describe results from a repeat single-day, hospital-wide survey of children’s pain and its treatment after the initiation of a hospital-wide quality improvement initiative used to reduce or eliminate pain caused by needle procedures.

METHODS:
All patients and parents listed on the inpatient morning census, in emergency department and outpatient surgery registration lists, were invited to participate in a brief single-day point prevalence survey of their experience with pain and its management in the hospital setting. Results were compared with a survey conducted 2 years earlier, before implementation of a system-wide Children’s Comfort Promise needle pain treatment and prevention protocol.

RESULTS:
A total of 194 children and their parents participated in the current survey. A higher percentage of children reported having no pain compared with the previous survey (33% vs 24%; P = .07; not significant) and fewer experienced severe pain (score ≥7 out of 10). Fewer children identified pain caused by needles as the cause of the worst pain (21% vs 30%), although it remained the highest reported cause of the most painful experience overall. The number of pain management strategies administered and offered to children with needle pain (distraction, positioning, numbing cream, and sucrose and/or breastfeeding for infants) increased.

CONCLUSIONS:
The implementation of a mandatory Comfort Promise protocol used to minimize or prevent pain caused by elective needle procedures was associated with a significant reduction in overall pain prevalence and improved use of evidence-based practices for needle pain management.
Correction of vaginal dysbiosis with the use of probiotics
Authors: Valchuk S.I. , Shevchenko T.N. , Shevchenko V.A. , Voronkova O.S. , Vinnikov A.I. 
Published: August 2018

Disbacteriosis of open cavities of the human body ic connected with the formation of opportunistic bacteria dominance in the composition of the microflora, displacing the representatives of normal microflora which leads to disorders and aggravation of health. Among serious consequences of vaginal dysbiosis are increased risk of infection with pathogens through lack of effect of colonization resistance; in some cases it may result in pregnancy loss and infertility. The most common vaginal dysbiosis forms are due to predominance of staphylococci and enterobacteria, that actively colonize the lower genital tract. Therefore, disbacteriosis needs a correction for which antibiotics and probiotic preparations are used. Sometimes antibiotics are not effective, so the correction scheme is required which would be highly efficient in restoring the microflora composition. The aim of research was to investigate the efficacy of scheme of sequential use of two probiotic preparations, based on spore bacilli and lactobacilli. The method of correcting the microbial vaginal ecosystem of mice with experimental dysbiosis with the use of two-stage administration of probiotic preparations (biosporin and vagilak) was proposed. One of these preparation contains spore bacilli with high antagonistic potential, and the second one contains lactobacilli which are typical representatives of this habitat. The scheme was tested in the experimental model of vaginal dysbiosis of mice, created by intravaginal administration of cell suspension of Staphylococcus aureus culture. Cell suspension of probiotic microorganism cultures was administered intravaginally to animals, each preparation for 5 days in succession. It was found that the most effective correction of dysbiosis occurred by sequential use of Biosporin and Vagilak preparations: full renovation of vaginal microflora was recorded for 20 days from the start of probiotics use, that as, 5 day faster than when following the standard schemes, including antibiotic and probiotic. It was shown that renewal of vaginal microflora of mice was expressed in increasing number of lactobacilli 2.88 times returning to the level of control for the 20th day, reducing the number of staphylococci and enterobacteria 2.81 and 5.13 times, respectively, on the 10th day of the experiment, as well as increasing the ratio of aerobes/anaerobes – 1/58 to that of the control group – 1/60. The results demonstrated the benefits of high efficiency of the proposed scheme, which allowed to recommend this method in further research to develop a framework for practical use.
Evaluación de la sustentabilidad del Jardín Botánico de Maracaibo, Venezuela: orientaciones para su gestión
Authors: Morales César , Carache William 
Published: August 2018

Se presenta una investigación descriptiva y de campo cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la sustentabilidad del Jardín Botánico de la ciudad de Maracaibo en Venezuela. Para esto se tomaron las propuestas de sostenibilidad de diversos investigadores y se construyó una matriz de observación directa. Los datos fueron recogidos en el campo en visitas guiadas. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la dimensión ‘ambiente natural’ es evaluada como excelente, mientras que en las dimensiones ‘ambiente artificial urbano - gestión ambiental’ y ‘aspectos de orden social’ existen diversos elementos con tendencia a la insustentabilidad. Se concluye que los aspectos relacionados con las últimas dos dimensiones no se encuentran integrados, lo cual repercute negativamente en el medio y favorece un estado de insostenibilidad en el área de estudio. La implementación de las recomendaciones puede permitir la mejora o permanencia de la sustentabilidad del espacio estudiado.
TAFSIR TARBAWĪ
Authors: M. Yunus Badruzzaman 
Published: August 2018

Tafsir pendidikan atau tafsīr tarbawī lahir untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akademik dalam rangka pengayaan kurikulum lokal atau kurikulum Nasional di PTAI, dengan harapan bahwa jurusan tarbiyah diharapkan mampu mempersiapkan calon pendidik dalam wilayah pendidikan Islam. Oleh karena itu, agar pendidikan Islam mampu mewarnai profesi yang disandang oleh pendidik secara professional, yaitu menuju pendidikan Islami yang mampu mengembalikan paradigma pendidikan kepada sumber dasar ajaran Islam yaitu Alquran dan Hadis, maka lahirlah disiplin tafsir sebagai alternatif kajian yang mempunyai relasi dengan pendidikan yang kemudian disebut. Namun persoalan yang kemudian timbul adalah apakah ini dianggap sebagai disiplin ilmu secara mandiri atau hanya merupakan sebuah metode pendekatan atau lebih spesifik lagi merupakan corak atau model penafsiran yang dikondisikan dengan kebutuhan.Tafsir pendidikan belum mempunyai perangkat, metode dan pendekatan yang proporsional, sebagaimana layaknya sebuah disiplin ilmu tafsir. Istilah tafsir pendidikan baru sebagai wacana dan manifestasi ijtihad para akademisi yang peduli dengan pendidikan Islam untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akademik dalam rangka penyempurnaan kurikulum pada perguruan Tinggi. Maka agak sulit rasanya jika memposisikan tafsir pendidikan sebagai bagian dari kajian tafsir yang sudah dianggap mapan, apalagi jika dibandingkan dengan tafsir- tafsir lain seperti tafsīr ahkām dan lain-lain.
Kaidah Kebahasaan dalam Kajian Tafsir
Authors: Muttakin Ali 
Published: August 2018

Tulisan ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan bahwa Alquran mempunyai keindahan bahasa Arab yang tinggi, serta menunjukan teks sebagai pesan yang perlu ditafsirkan. Sebab itu, perlu dipahami dengan bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa turunnya Alquran, yang menunjukan pesan-pesan ilahiah kepada manusia. Peranan penting bahasa Arab telah dijewantahkan dalam kaidah kebahasaan. Maka dalam kajian tafsir terdapat kaidah kebahasaan yang mempunyai kedudukan tersendiri yang sangat vital. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analisis untuk menunjukan kedudukan kaidah-kaidah kebahasaan yang digunakan. Sehingga penilitan ini diharapkan mampu menjawab bahwa kaidah bahasa Arab yang telah dicetuskan oleh Ulama terdahulu masih relevan dan masih diperlukan sebagai penunjang memahami Alquran dalam meminimalisir terjadinya kekeliruan.
APLIKASI QAT’IY DAN ZANNIY PADA SUMBER DALIL
Authors: Nur Saifudin 
Published: August 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep qaṭ’iy dan ẓanniy pada beberapa sumber dalil, baik yang berkaitan dengan qaṭ’iy al-thubūt/al-wurūd/al-naql dan qaṭ’iy al-dalālah, maupun yang berkaitan dengan ẓanniy al-thubūt/al-wurūd/al-naql dan ẓanniy al-dalālah. Dalam penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan studi deskriptif-analitis dengan metode penelitian pustaka (library research). Hasil temuan mengungkapkan bahwa para ulama uṣūl dan sebagian mufasir sepakat bahwa ketentuan qaṭ’iy al-thubūt/al-wurūd/al-naql teraplikasi pada nās Alquran dan Sunah mutawa>tirah. Ketentuan qaṭ’iy al-dalālah teraplikasi pada nās Alquran dan Sunah yang memenuhi al-iḥtimālāt al-‘ashrah, ijmā’ ṣarīḥ, qiyās mujma’ ‘alayh (konsensus bersama para mujtahid), dan uṣūl al-fiqh. Adapun ketentuan ẓanniy al-thubūt/al-wurūd/al-naql teraplikasi pada sunah ghayr mutawātirah. Sedangkan ketentuan ẓanniy al-dalālah teraplikasi pada nās Alquran, sunah, ijmā’ sukūtī, dan qiyās fardiy atau qiyās ghayr mujma’ ‘alayh.
IMAN DAN AMAL SALEH DALAM ALQURAN (STUDI KAJIAN SEMANTIK)
Authors: Saepudin Dindin Moh , Solahudin M. , Khairani Izzah Faizah Siti Rusydati 
Published: August 2018

Iman dan amal saleh, suatu term penting dalam Alquran, karena iman dan amal salalu disebutkan, terkadang iman dan amal saleh bersandingan, yang tentunya mengisyaratkan pesan penting untuk diteliti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui bagaimana iman dan amal saleh dalam Alquran dengan pendekatan semantik T.Izutsu.Metode yang digunakan ialah deskriptif-analisis, yaitu mengambarkan secara umum mengenai objek serta menganalisis dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan (library research).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan iman dan amal saleh dalam Alquran menunjukan saling berkaitan antara satu dengan yang lainnya, jika amal saleh disebutkan tanpa iman maka tidak akan berguna, walaupun perbuatannya baik, tidak akan mendapatkan sesuatu. Sebaliknya, jika perbuatan itu kecil tetapi dengan iman maka akan mendapatkan pahala. Selain itu, term amal saleh dalam Alquran menunjukan makna yang luas baik kepada Allah, manusia, dan makhluk-Nya.