bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot randomized trial of a volitional help sheet‐based tool to increase leisure time physical activity in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Chapman Janine , Fletcher Chloe , Flight Ingrid , Wilson Carlene 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo develop and test a volitional help sheet‐based tool to improve physical activity in breast cancer survivors compared to a standard self‐generated implementation intention intervention.DesignPilot randomized trial conducted online over 3 months.MethodsParticipants were randomized to an online volitional help sheet (n = 50) or implementation intention (n = 51) intervention. Measures were taken at baseline, 1 and 3 months. The main outcome measure was moderate‐strenuous leisure time physical activity. Secondary outcomes were health‐related quality of life and mood.ResultsParticipants exposed to the volitional help sheet and implementation intention interventions showed similar effects after 1 month, with both groups reporting a significant increase in moderate‐strenuous physical activity. After 3 months, the initial increase in physical activity was maintained by the volitional help sheet group, but not the implementation intention group. Improvements were also found for negative affect and emotional quality of life.ConclusionWhile both interventions show promise in promoting physical activity in breast cancer survivors, the volitional help sheet may be more effective for facilitating lasting change and emotional well‐being. Findings suggest that the volitional help sheet may have potential to offer a cost‐effective contribution to consumer‐led tertiary preventive health. Future research should test these initial findings in a definitive trial.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Physical activity is important for optimizing health in breast cancer survivors. Despite this, physical activity in this cohort remains low. Theory‐based strategies are needed to help breast cancer survivors independently manage and maintain regular physical activity over the long term.

What does this study add?

Online planning interventions can improve physical activity in breast cancer survivors.

Volitional help sheets, but not implementation intentions, show sustained effects for 3 months.

The intervention shows promise as a potential low‐cost addition to long‐term survivorship care plans.
Women's Participation in a Radical Trade Union Movement That Claims to be Feminist
Authors: Guillaume Cécile 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the under‐researched topic of women's representation in radical unions, drawing on an in‐depth case study of the French Solidaires, Unitaires et Démocratiques (SUD) movement. In addition to an overview of the institutional and organizational dynamics of unions’ ‘inequality regimes’, it offers a contextually grounded analysis of the barriers and enablers of women's participation in SUD unions. More specifically, this research reflects on the complex interrelationships between class and gender in class‐based militant trade unions that claim to be feminist but fail to support working‐class female workers’ participation.
Evaluation of two prognostic indices for adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in the subtropical endemic area, Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Tamaki Keita , Morishima Satoko , Nomura Shogo , Nishi Yukiko , Nakachi Sawako , Kitamura Sakiko , Uchibori Sachie , Tomori Shouhei , Hanashiro Taeko , Shimabukuro Natsuki , Tedokon Iori , Morichika Kazuho , Taira Naoya , Tomoyose Takeaki , Miyagi Takashi , Karimata Kaori , Ohama Masayo , Yamanoha Atsushi , Tamaki Kazumitsu , Hayashi Masaki , Uchihara Jun‐nosuke , Ohshiro Kazuiku , Asakura Yoshitaka , Kuba‐Miyara Megumi , Karube Kennosuke , Fukushima Takuya , Masuzaki Hiroaki 
Published: May 2018

Aggressive adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) has an extremely poor prognosis and is hyperendemic in Okinawa, Japan. This study evaluated two prognostic indices (PIs) for aggressive ATL, the ATL‐PI and Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG)‐PI, in a cohort from Okinawa. The PIs were originally developed using two different Japanese cohorts that included few patients from Okinawa. The endpoint was overall survival (OS). Multivariable Cox regression analyses in the cohort of 433 patients revealed that all seven factors for calculating each PI were statistically significant prognostic predictors. Three‐year OS rates for ATL‐PI were 35.9% (low‐risk, n = 66), 10.4% (intermediate‐risk, n = 256), and 1.6% (high‐risk, n = 111), and those for JCOG‐PI were 22.4% (moderate‐risk, n = 176) and 5.3% (high‐risk, n = 257). The JCOG‐PI moderate‐risk group included both the ATL‐PI low‐ and intermediate‐risk groups. ATL‐PI more clearly identified the low‐risk patient subgroup than JCOG‐PI. To evaluate the external validity of the two PIs, we also assessed prognostic discriminability among 159 patients who loosely met the eligibility criteria of a previous clinical trial. Three‐year OS rates for ATL‐PI were 34.5% (low‐risk, n = 42), 9.2% (intermediate‐risk, n = 109), and 12.5% (high‐risk, n = 8). Those for JCOG‐PI were 22.4% (moderate‐risk, n = 95) and 7.6% (high‐risk, n = 64). The low‐risk ATL‐PI group had a better prognosis than the JCOG‐PI moderate‐risk group, suggesting that ATL‐PI would be more useful than JCOG‐PI for establishing and examining novel treatment strategies for ATL patients with a better prognosis. In addition, strongyloidiasis, previously suggested to be associated with ATL‐related deaths in Okinawa, was not a prognostic factor in this study.
Where is the residual terrestrial carbon sink?
Authors: Houghton Richard A. , Baccini Alessandro , Walker Wayne S. 
Published: May 2018

The apparent accumulation of carbon on land necessary to balance the global carbon budget has perplexed scientists since the first carbon budgets were constructed more than 40 years ago. The magnitude of the sink over the decade 2006–2015 averaged 3.1 ± 0.9 PgC/year, but neither the factors causing it nor its location are known. Here, based on results from a recent analysis by Baccini et al. (), we estimate that about a third (1.0 PgC/year) of the residual sink is in the tropics, and about two‐thirds is outside the tropics (2.1 PgC/year).
Distribution, age, and origin of a submarine landslide deposit in the Pleistocene Kiwada Formation, forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula, east‐central Japan: Constraints from tephro‐ and biostratigraphy
Authors: Utsunomiya Masayuki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA mass‐transport deposit named MTD1 (up to 100 m in thickness) is intercalated in the upper Kiwada Formation, a Pleistocene forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula, east‐central Japan. The present study aims to examine the origin, age, and distribution of MTD1. MTD1 consists mainly of mudstone blocks containing thin very fine‐ to medium‐grained sandstones, and ranges from tens of centimeters to more than tens of meters in length and thickness. Correlation of marker tuff beds and application of the biostratigraphy of calcareous nannofossils suggest that the blocks in MTD1 were derived from the underlying strata. The total thickness of the stratified blocks from the different stratigraphic horizons exceeds 60 m, implying that MTD1 originated from deeply‐excavated slope failure. The slope failure occurred in a short time interval at ca 1.3 Ma. MTD1 provides an estimate of the height of the escarpment on the basis of the stratigraphic origin of the blocks.
What can we learn from the public’s understanding of drug information and safety? A population survey
Authors: Salgueiro Esther , Gurruchaga Cristina , Jimeno Francisco J , Martínez-Múgica Cristina , Martín Arias Luis H , Manso Gloria 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aim of our study was to analyse the perceptions of the public on medicine information and safety and on consumer reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADR).

Methods
A voluntary survey was conducted in a population ≥18 years of age in Asturias, a region in northern Spain. The survey was designed to be completed in a face-to-face street interview or completed independently by the public. The survey consisted of structured questions organised in four sections: (1) demographic data, (2) use of medicines, (3) reading and understanding of the patient information leaflet (PIL) and (4) awareness and perception about consumer reporting of ADR.

Key findings
A total of 402 surveys were given and analysed; 295 were completed independently and 107 were completed in street interviews. Of the population surveyed, 82.3% had taken some drug(s) in the previous 3 months, although only 62.4% had performed so by medical prescription. A quarter of respondents claimed that they never read the PIL of medicines, 12.7% that they sometimes read it, and 61.4% that they always read this information. A high percentage (82.8%) of respondents reported that they were not aware of consumer reporting of ADR, and 86.1% stated their agreement with this option.

Conclusions
The public has great interest in useful information about all aspects involved in the use of medicines. This includes consumer reporting of suspected ADR, which is still unknown to many people.
Investor Myopia and CEO Turnover
Authors: Goyal Vidhan K. , Low Angie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe find that Chief Executive Officer (CEO) turnover is significantly higher and considerably less sensitive to performance in firms with short investor horizons. Decisions to dismiss a CEO lead to worse operating performance, which is even poorer when investors have short horizons. Furthermore, new managers respond to investor short‐termism by increasing industry‐adjusted capital expenditures while maintaining R&D and patenting activity. In addition, in firms with short‐horizon investors, total risk increases around forced CEO turnovers, largely because of an increase in idiosyncratic risk. The evidence is consistent with short‐term investors distorting corporate policies of firms through their influence on top management turnover.
Formation mechanism and optimized luminescence of Mn4+‐doped unequal dual‐alkaline hexafluorosilicate Li0.5Na1.5SiF6
Authors: Zhu Mengmeng , Pan Yuexiao , Chen Xi'an , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA novel red phosphor Li0.5Na1.5SiF6:Mn4+ (LNSF:Mn) based on the unequal dual‐alkaline hexafluorosilicate with superior optical performances has been synthesized via ion‐exchange between [MnF6]2− and [SiF6]2− at room temperature. The composition and the crystal structure of the as‐obtained phosphor LNSF:Mn were determined by energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The formation mechanism of the red phosphor LNSF:Mn has been discussed in detail. The phosphor LNSF:Mn exhibits good chromaticity properties and a quantum yield (QY) of 96.1%, which are better than the identified fluorosilicate phosphors Na2SiF6:Mn4+ (NSF:Mn) and K2SiF6:Mn4+ (KSF:Mn). A broad and intense absorption in the blue and a bright emission in red‐shifted wavelengths make the phosphor LNSF:Mn a desired candidate for applications in warm white light‐emitting diodes.
The social construction of “shared growth”: Zambia Sugar and the uneven terrain of social benefit
Authors: German Laura A. , Parker Lowery 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a growing trend in agricultural investment and large‐scale farmland acquisition in the Global South and a rapid expansion of scholarship and public debate over the nature, consequences, and desirability of these trends. The polarization of this debate into “win/lose” narratives raises the question of whether, and under what conditions, the logic of capital accumulation driving farmland acquisition and investment can engender broad‐based social benefits akin to “shared growth.” This paper sheds light on this question through a detailed look at the recent expansion of Zambia Sugar's Nakambala Estate in Mazabuka, Zambia. We explore outcomes linked to two of the most prominent pathways through which social benefits are said to accrue: smallholder incorporation and employment. Findings demonstrate the unevenness of outcomes linked to both pathways, with the concrete benefits both claimed and observed through some measures quickly eroding under the weight of alternative performance metrics. The unevenness produced by the intensification of capitalist relations is manifested not just between those differentially positioned with respect to the incoming investment (“outgrower,” “employee,” and “land loser”) but within each of those conditions. This ambiguity opens spaces for competing representations of the promises and pitfalls of these processes, while highlighting the shaky ground on which shared growth and inclusive business agendas stand.
Potatoes, Petty Commodity Producers and Livelihoods: Contract farming and agrarian change in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Vicol Mark 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper explores the implications of contract farming for patterns of agrarian change in India. The paper draws on a detailed analysis of primary qualitative data from a case study of potato contract farming in the state of Maharashtra. It argues that debates on contract farming are often ideological in nature, leading to overly simplified narratives of “win–win” or “win–lose.” Instead, by combining the strengths of agrarian political economy and rural livelihood analysis, the paper offers a concrete exploration of the intersections between contract farming, livelihoods, and agrarian change. It finds that contract farming activities in the case study villages are focused on a group of petty commodity producers. However, rather than sparking dynamic new processes of accumulation among contract farmers or leading to new forms of exploitation, the paper argues that contract farming is contributing to processes of agrarian change “already under way.” These processes are intimately connected to livelihood diversification and the struggles of new classes of fragmented labour.
A Research Note on the Stability of Coresidential Unions Formed Postconception
Authors: Guzzo Karen Benjamin 
Published: May 2018

There is a large literature examining the stability of mid‐pregnancy unions, and parallel work on unions formed after a nonmarital birth, but research has yet to compare pre‐ and postbirth unions and simultaneously consider whether the union is with the father or a new partner. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort, the author compares the stability of coresidential unions (cohabitations and marriages) among three groups of mothers with nonunion first conceptions: those with a mid‐pregnancy union with the father (n = 203), those with a postbirth union with the father (n = 333), and those with a union with a new partner (n = 342). Compared to mid‐pregnancy unions with the father, postbirth father unions are 35% more likely to dissolve. New‐partner unions are more likely to dissolve than both types of father unions. These associations persist when accounting for union type and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.
Personal Network Characteristics as Predictors of Change in Obesity Risk Behaviors in Early Adolescence
Authors: Marks Jennifer , de la Haye Kayla , Barnett Lisa M. , Allender Steven 
Published: May 2018

The potential for peers to influence obesity risk behavior increases in adolescence, yet there are knowledge gaps of how behaviors are modified in response to peers over time. This study examined how personal friendship network characteristics were associated with obesity‐related behaviors from late childhood to early adolescence. Two waves of friendship, physical activity, screen time, and dietary recall data were collected from 11‐ to 13‐year‐old students (99% retention) in Australia (n = 308) over a five‐ to eight‐month period. Regression models identified friendship network characteristics that predicted later health behaviors which varied by gender and behavior type, such as the number of friends positively associated with physical activity intensity (males) and screen time (females). The need for considering context to influence behavior change is discussed.
Approaches to increase mechanistic understanding and aid in the selection of precipitation inhibitors for supersaturating formulations – a PEARRL review
Authors: Price Daniel J , Ditzinger Felix , Koehl Niklas J , Jankovic Sandra , Tsakiridou Georgia , Nair Anita , Holm René , Kuentz Martin , Dressman Jennifer B , Saal Christoph 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Supersaturating formulations hold great promise for delivery of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). To profit from supersaturating formulations, precipitation is hindered with precipitation inhibitors (PIs), maintaining drug concentrations for as long as possible. This review provides a brief overview of supersaturation and precipitation, focusing on precipitation inhibition. Trial-and-error PI selection will be examined alongside established PI screening techniques. Primarily, however, this review will focus on recent advances that utilise advanced analytical techniques to increase mechanistic understanding of PI action and systematic PI selection.

Key findings
Advances in mechanistic understanding have been made possible by the use of analytical tools such as spectroscopy, microscopy and mathematical and molecular modelling, which have been reviewed herein. Using these techniques, PI selection can be guided by molecular rationale. However, more work is required to see widespread application of such an approach for PI selection.

Summary
Precipitation inhibitors are becoming increasingly important in enabling formulations. Trial-and-error approaches have seen success thus far. However, it is essential to learn more about the mode of action of PIs if the most optimal formulations are to be realised. Robust analytical tools, and the knowledge of where and how they can be applied, will be essential in this endeavour.
Anticancer activity of tetrandrine by inducing pro-death apoptosis and autophagy in human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Bai Xin-Yu , Liu Yuan-Gui , Song Wu , Li Ying-Ying , Hou Dong-Shun , Luo Hao-Ming , Liu Ping 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the antitumour property of tetrandrine by inducing autophagy and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells, and to explore the potential molecular mechanisms.

Methods
The antitumour activity of tetrandrine was assessed through MTT assay. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and microscopic examination of cellular morphology. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by staining with Rh-123. Induction of autophagy was monitored by transmission electron microscopy observation, using GFP-LC3 transfection.

Key findings
The results revealed that tetrandrine exhibits significant antitumour activity against gastric human cancer cell and the antigastric tumour activity was depended on inducing autophagy and apoptosis through upregulating the apoptosis-related protein (cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9) and autophagy-related protein (Beclin-1, LC3-II and p62), and decreasing the phosphorylation of AKT/mTOR, PS6K and P-4EBP1. Adding the inhibitor of autophagy, 3-MA or Baf-A1, increased the viability of tetrandrine-exposed gastric cancer cells, which confirmed the role of autophagy played in the gastric cancer cell death induced by tetrandrine.

Conclusions
These results demonstrated that the antitumour effects of tetrandrine by inducing autophagy and apoptosis involving Akt/mTOR pathway. Thus, tetrandrine may be a promising lead compound to be further developed in future for cancer therapy.
Poor self‐reported sleep quality and health‐related quality of life in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis
Authors: Castro‐Marrero Jesús , Zaragozá Maria C. , González‐Garcia Sergio , Aliste Luisa , Sáez‐Francàs Naia , Romero Odile , Ferré Alex , Fernández de Sevilla Tomás , Alegre José 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNon‐restorative sleep is a hallmark symptom of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. However, little is known about self‐reported sleep disturbances in these subjects. This study aimed to assess the self‐reported sleep quality and its impact on quality of life in a Spanish community‐based chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis cohort. A prospective cross‐sectional cohort study was conducted in 1,455 Spanish chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis patients. Sleep quality, fatigue, pain, functional capacity impairment, psychopathological status, anxiety/depression and health‐related quality of life were assessed using validated subjective measures. The frequencies of muscular, cognitive, neurological, autonomic and immunological symptom clusters were above 80%. High scores were recorded for pain, fatigue, psychopathological status, anxiety/depression, and low scores for functional capacity and quality of life, all of which correlated significantly (all p < 0.01) with quality of sleep as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Multivariate regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age and gender, the pain intensity (odds ratio, 1.11; p <0.05), psychopathological status (odds ratio, 1.85; p < 0.001), fibromyalgia (odds ratio, 1.39; p < 0.05), severe autonomic dysfunction (odds ratio, 1.72; p < 0.05), poor functional capacity (odds ratio, 0.98; p < 0.05) and quality of life (odds ratio, 0.96; both p < 0.001) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. These findings suggest that this large chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis sample presents poor sleep quality, as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and that this poor sleep quality is associated with many aspects of quality of life.
Macrobenthic colonization on the derelict Fisheries Vessel Khronometer, Cristo Rey Submarine Park, Argentina
Authors: Genzano G. N. , Meretta P. E. , Bremec C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe investigated the fouling community on the Fisheries Vessel (F/V) Khronometer during a 3‐year period, from its sinking, by means of video transects. The results demonstrate that the shipwreck presented high macroinvertebrate coverage from the first survey (100 days after sinking). The most conspicuous organisms were cnidarians, followed by amphipods and serpulids (tubes). The hydroid Ectopleura crocea was the most abundant colonizer in the early stages; the sea anemone Anthothoe chilensis and the azooxanthellate soft coral Tripalea clavaria were abundant 2 years after the vessel sank. Interestingly, shipwreck coverage and species composition at the end of the sampling period (940 days after sinking) were similar to those of the wood vessel Cristo Rey, which sank 36 years before the Khronometer. Besides, some different taxa from that seen on video transects were identified from samples taken during dives, corresponding to isolated organisms with scarce abundance or cryptic habits. Moreover, four reef fish species were recorded. Shipwrecks represent interesting places for recreational activities such as diving and fishing. This is the only study about the early development of an invertebrate community on artificial reefs in Buenos Aires coast, Argentina. Monitoring natural and artificial substrata could help to understand the ecological patterns occurring around them and provide information to help manage artificial reefs in sustainable ways.