bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Naturalised Atlantic salmon smolts are more likely to reach the sea than wild smolts in a lowland fjord
Authors: Flávio Hugo , Aarestrup Kim , Jepsen Niels , Koed Anders 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe survival rates of three groups of seaward‐migrating Salmo salar smolts were investigated in 2005, 2016, and 2017 in the River Skjern and River Omme, as well as in the Ringkøbing Fjord using acoustic telemetry. Ringkøbing Fjord extends for approximately 300 km2, and has a narrow, regulated outlet to the sea. Smolts of three different origins: (a) wild smolts, (b) hatchery‐reared smolts previously released at half‐year‐old, and (c) hatchery‐reared smolts previously released at 1‐year‐old were captured in rotary screw traps and surgically implanted with acoustic transmitters. The progress during seaward migration was monitored with a network of automatic listening stations deployed in the river estuary, fjord mouth and sea opening.The smolts' probability of survival in the river was related to their length, with larger smolts being more likely to reach the fjord. Once in the fjord, the probability of reaching the sea was related with the smolt's group, with smolts previously released at half‐year‐old being more likely to succeed than wild smolts. However, none of the biometric or behavioural variables explained the difference between the studied smolt groups, masking the potential reasons behind this difference in survival probability.Overall, approximately 47% of the tagged smolts were registered at the last array of automatic listening stations (i.e., entered the sea), demonstrating the early migration as a critical bottleneck for the local Atlantic salmon population. Ultimately, this limits the number of Atlantic salmon that survive to adulthood and return to River Skjern and River Omme for spawning.
Simulation model framework design for complex communication network of satellite navigation system based on SMP2.0
Authors: Liu Pan , Zhou Wei 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe complex communication network of satellite navigation system (SNS‐CCN) possesses the characteristics such as large scale, complicated architecture, and integrated satellite earth. Composite modeling and simulation take significant roles in solving large‐scale system simulation issues, as far as one concerned, the solution has not been proposed in the field of SNS‐CCN yet. According to the simulation of information flow for SNS‐CCN, this paper proposes a composite framework of simulation model based on SMP2.0 while applied with combination modeling methods, and then proposes a development and integration method for component structure and simulation service structure, which can support the composite modeling and make appropriate simulation service extensions according to the request. Then, we develop an information flow verification simulation system for SNS‐CCN with the proposed development and integration method of simulation model.
Science expectancy, value, and cost profiles and their proximal and distal relations to undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math persistence
Authors: Perez Tony , Wormington Stephanie V. , Barger Michael M. , Schwartz‐Bloom Rochelle D. , Lee You‐kyung , Linnenbrink‐Garcia Lisa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite efforts to attract and maintain diverse students in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) pipeline, issues with attrition from undergraduate STEM majors persist. The aim of this study was to examine how undergraduate science students’ competence beliefs, task values, and perceived costs in science combine into motivational profiles and to consider how such profiles relate to short‐term and long‐term persistence outcomes in STEM. We also examined the relations between underrepresented group membership and profile membership. Using latent profile analysis, we identified three profiles that characterized 600 participants’ motivation during their first semester in college: Moderate All, Very High Competence/Values‐Low Effort Cost, and High Competence/Values‐Moderate Low Costs. The Moderate All profile was associated with the completion of fewer STEM courses and lower STEM grade point averages relative to the other profiles after 1 and 4 years of college. Furthermore, underrepresented minority students were overrepresented in the Moderate All profile. Findings contribute to our understanding of how science competence beliefs, task values, and perceived costs may coexist and what combinations of these variables may be adaptive or deleterious for STEM persistence and achievement.
The rights to ground: integrating human and non‐human perspectives in an inclusive approach to sustainability
Authors: Hensel Michael U. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article discusses endemic difficulties in addressing complex sustainability problems that arise from a lack of adequate, effective and inclusive provisions for defining and securing human and non‐human rights to ground in an integrative manner. This concerns the rapid decrease in available ground for ecological and human social collective purposes due to construction and other transformations of ground in combination with the perception that different land uses are incompatible and mutually exclusive. For this reason, the question arises whether an alternative approach can be formulated that could overcome the perceived dichotomy between different needs by way of addressing multiple complex sustainability problems in an integrative manner. This involves correlating political, cultural, social and environmental perspectives concerning individual and collective needs, examining relevant cultural practices, and considering human and non‐human perspectives. The overarching aim of this endeavour is to highlight the need for and to outline the early stages of a more complex and integrative approach to sustainable design and development. This approach entails prevailing general concerns and insights that need to be adapted to locally specific conditions and circumstances with a focus on potential implications for architectural, urban and landscape design. The discussion is informed by mapping culturally specific patterns of ground access and use, as well as the means of regulating this through customary, constitutional and other rights, statutes and provisions. Furthermore, this involves examining exemplary historical and current architectures and settlement patterns that can support specific patterns of ground access and use, which have the potential to be further developed in terms of designs that can address political, cultural, social and environmental sustainability from an integrative human and non‐human perspective.
Sustainable development, Education for Sustainable Development, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Emergence, efficacy, eminence, and future
Authors: Agbedahin Adesuwa Vanessa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to present a narrative of the outcome of an extensive historical literature review of global policy development and processes concerning the emergence, efficacy, and eminence of sustainable development, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Sustainable Development Goals [SDGs]) inception to date. It starts by presenting the emergence, efficacy, and eminence of the concept and term “sustainable development” (which is integral to ESD) in terms of its historical definition, dimensions, understanding, interpretations, and challenges. It also highlights the take‐up of sustainable development in terms of green growth, human development, and human agency. It then presents an overview of ESD, accompanied by a discussion of its key characteristics, approaches, and significances. The paper then highlights a semantic analysis of the development of ESD, with a special focus on some converging processes, events, concepts, discourses, and declarations that have supported the rise of ESD and shaped its status to date. Considerable emphasis is placed on the significance and nexus between environmental education and ESD. The paper analyses the crucial interconnection between education, sustainable development, ESD, the SDGs, and human development. Furthermore, the paper discusses the centrality of ESD to the global education discourse and the nexus, role, and relevance of education and particularly ESD in relation to the achievement of all the SDGs. The paper concludes by critically reflecting on the above, vis‐à‐vis the author's previous empirical research on higher ESD, making recommendations on the future of ESD research and practice.
Statistical methods for building better biomarkers of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Pencina Michael J. , Parikh Chirag R. , Kimmel Paul L. , Cook Nancy R. , Coresh Josef , Feldman Harold I. , Foulkes Andrea , Gimotty Phyllis A. , Hsu Chi‐yuan , Lemley Kevin , Song Peter , Wilkins Kenneth , Gossett Daniel R. , Xie Yining , Star Robert A. 
Published: January 2019

The last two decades have witnessed an explosion in research focused on the development and assessment of novel biomarkers for improved prognosis of diseases. As a result, best practice standards guiding biomarker research have undergone extensive development. Currently, there is great interest in the promise of biomarkers to enhance research efforts and clinical practice in the setting of chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and glomerular disease. However, some have questioned whether biomarkers currently add value to the clinical practice of nephrology. The current state of the art pertaining to statistical analyses regarding the use of such measures is critical.In December 2014, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases convened a meeting, “Toward Building Better Biomarker Statistical Methodology,” with the goals of summarizing the current best practice recommendations and articulating new directions for methodological research. This report summarizes its conclusions and describes areas that need attention. Suggestions are made regarding metrics that should be commonly reported. We outline the methodological issues related to traditional metrics and considerations in prognostic modeling, including discrimination and case mix, calibration, validation, and cost‐benefit analysis. We highlight the approach to improved risk communication and the value of graphical displays. Finally, we address some “new frontiers” in prognostic biomarker research, including the competing risk framework, the use of longitudinal biomarkers, and analyses in distributed research networks.
Interaction of Fluoroquinolones in Their Different Prototropic States with DNA: Diversity in the Nature of Binding and the Role of External Chemical Stimulus on Drug Displacement
Authors: Das Ishita , Halder Mintu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHere we have explored several aspects on the interaction of fluoroquinolone (fq) drugs with one of their potential biological targets, DNA, using spectroscopic techniques. After many scrutinies on whether the fqs can target DNA itself, we found that some earlier studies first detected norfloxacin to bind DNA, and the binding occurs primarily via conversion of the zwitterionic (nfx±) to cationic form (nfx+). Here we have selectively chosen some fq drugs together, namely, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and moxifloxacin with diversity in molecular structures to perceive a comprehensive scenario on the fq‐DNA interaction. The following aspects are focused on: characteristics of fq±‐DNA interaction, prevalence of fq± to fq+ conversion during binding, association of the fq+s with DNA, and the mode of binding of the fqs. Considering the issue of fq± to fq+ conversion and hence the active participation of fq+s in DNA binding, here we have specifically assessed the interaction feature of fq+s with DNA, where potential binding has been detected. The present study has identified that fq‐DNA association has some characteristics that are in general similar for all the fqs, and some are specific to the particular fq drug. Therefore, although the fqs play similar role as antibiotic involving bacterial gyrase, their individual association with DNA is somewhat diverse. Additionally, we have demonstrated dislodging of the bound drug (nfx± and nfx+) from DNA by using an anionic surfactant.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of n‐Butene with V–Mg Complex Oxide with Added Trivalent Metal Oxide
Authors: Kiyokawa Takayasu , Hagihara Takashi , Ikenaga Naoki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of n‐butene with V−Mg complex oxide catalysts was carried out with a fixed‐bed flow reactor at 480 °C. In order to improve the catalytic performance of V−Mg complex oxide, we examined the effect of added metal oxide on the ODH of n‐butene. When Fe was added to the V−Mg complex oxide, the reactivity of lattice oxygen in the V−Mg complex oxide increased. V−Mg‐Fe(20:30:10) prepared at a molar ratio of V:Mg:Fe=20:30:10 showed high conversion (53.9%) and buta‐1,3‐diene (BD) yield (20.3%) in the ODH with the lattice oxygen. To continuously produce BD, ODH under O2 flow was also investigated. The V−Mg‐Fe(20:30:10) catalyst exhibited higher BD yield than the V−Mg catalyst, and it was indicated that the high reactivity of the lattice oxygen affected the ODH under O2 flow. Moreover, the V−Mg‐Fe(20:30:10)‐800 catalyst calcined at 800 °C showed highly stable ODH activity, and the BD yield (11%) was maintained for 420 min. XRD analysis results of the catalyst showed that the maintenance of the ODH activity could be attributed to the maintenance of the crystalline structure of V−Mg‐Fe(20:30:10)‐800 during the reaction.
Synergistic Activity of Silver Nanoparticles and Polyaminocyclodextrins in Nanosponge Architectures
Authors: Russo Marco , Spinella Alberto , Di Vincenzo Antonella , Lazzara Giuseppe , Correro M. Rita , Shahgaldian Patrick , Lo Meo Paolo , Caponetti Eugenio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFour new composite materials, formed by silver nanoparticles embedded in polyamino‐cyclodextrin nanosponge architectures, were designed exploiting the affinity of polyamino‐cyclodextrins towards Ag+ ions. These materials were characterized by means of different techniques (thermogravimetry, FT‐IR, solid state NMR, SEM, HR‐TEM), and tested as catalysts for the reduction of nitroarenes and the oxidative coupling of anilines. The results obtained showed synergistic activity between the supramolecular binding abilities of the nanosponge matrix and the catalytic properties of the metal nanoparticle, and open the way towards the design of new composite smart nanomaterials with improved catalytic performances.
An 2D Polymer Used As Ingredient of Fe/N/C Composite Towards Oxygen Reduction Catalyst In Acidic Medium.
Authors: Wang Yefei , Fu Dengke , Fu Yuanyuan , Yu Yue , Zhou Junhao , Guo Changding , Ma Jun , Li Kai , Zheng Lirong , Zuo Xia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCarbon‐based transition metal/nitrogen material is one of the most promising non‐precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. And N‐containing polymers are considered as a kind of excellent N precursor because they are more likely to form ordered and stable carbon‐based active layer during heat treatment. However, further research is still needed due to the inferior oxygen reduction catalytic activity compared with Pt in acidic condition. Herein, we design the Fe/N/C catalyst through synthesize a special nitrogen‐rich polymer poly‐hexaazatrinaphthylene as N source and subsequently calcine with the mixture of ferric chloride and Vulcan XC‐72. The physical results indicate that the oxygen reduction catalytic activity is mainly related to the amorphous carbon, pyridinic‐N, and Fe‐N4 coordination geometry. Electrochemical tests indicated that the sample pyrolyzed at 800°C presents relative high oxygen reduction activity in 0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4 via an efficient four‐electron‐dominant pathway.
Hollow PtNi Nanochains as Highly Efficient and Stable Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Li Wenping , Li Chuang , Qi Ji , Chen Xiaozhen , Wang Pan , Luo Jingjie , Huang Zhaohui , Liang Changhai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDesign of electrocatalysts with both enhanced electrochemical activity and high durability is the key challenge in the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, hollow platinum nickel nanochains (H‐PtNi NCs) were synthesized by the galvanic displacement of Ni nanowires (Ni NWs) and subsequent acid etching, and used for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). H‐PtNi NCs have outer diameter of 50–100 nm, length of 0.5‐10 μm, and the average thickness of Pt layer around 4.5‐7.5 nm. In a typical process, H‐PtNi NCs/C were prepared on carbon support, and these unique structural features endow the H‐PtNi NCs/C with a mass activity of 4.6 A mg−1 and a specific activity of 11.45 mA cm−2 at 0.9 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, respectively, 18 times and 29 times higher than the commercial Pt/C. Moreover, the H‐PtNi NCs/C is also very stable with negligible activity decay over the course of 50000 cycles. This high apparent activity can be attributed to the high intrinsic activity originated from abundant active sites of the open ends and the inner/outer surfaces as well as the structural disorder of hollow nanochains with surface roughness.
U.S. R&D, 1975–1998: A new dataset
Authors: Png Ivan P. L. 
Published: January 2019

Research SummaryHere, I document the governing copyright law and process of digitizing print records with specific application to the Jaques Cattell directories of U.S. R&D. This novel dataset covers 2,805 companies with 8,525 facilities, including location, reporting line within the organization, numbers of professional staff and technicians, and R&D fields over the years 1975–1998. The dataset includes a match to the Compustat identifier, gvkey. As an illustration, I use the new dataset to investigate the effect of organization structure on innovation. By contrast with previous research based on smaller samples, I find no significant relation between organization structure and innovation.Managerial SummaryHere, I document the governing copyright law and process of digitizing print records with specific application to the Jaques Cattell directories of U.S. R&D. This novel dataset covers 2,805 companies with 8,525 facilities, including location, reporting line within the organization, numbers of professional staff and technicians, and R&D fields over the years 1975–1998. The dataset is matched to Compustat. It can be used to study novel issues including (a) the effect of complementary manufacturing and marketing assets on how a company exploits its technological capabilities; (b) the relation between the centralization of the R&D organization and productivity of innovation; (c) how clusters influence the location of R&D facilities; and (iv) how state law affects the geography of R&D.ResourcesThis article has earned an Open Data badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at http://five.dartmouth.edu/datasets and https://doi.org/10.25540/3wd8-dffw. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Plasma Treatment for Nitrogen‐Doped 3D Graphene Framework by a Conductive Matrix with Sulfur for High‐Performance Li–S Batteries
Authors: Duan Lianfeng , Zhao Lijuan , Cong Hui , Zhang Xueyu , Lü Wei , Xue Chunlai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCarbon materials have received considerable attention as host cathode materials for sulfur in lithium–sulfur batteries; N‐doped carbon materials show particularly high electrocatalytic activity. Efforts are made to synthesize N‐doped carbon materials by introducing nitrogen‐rich sources followed by sintering or hydrothermal processes. In the present work, an in situ hollow cathode discharge plasma treatment method is used to prepare 3D porous frameworks based on N‐doped graphene as a potential conductive matrix material. The resulting N‐doped graphene is used to prepare a 3D porous framework with a S content of 90 wt% as a cathode in lithium–sulfur cells, which delivers a specific discharge capacity of 1186 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, a coulombic efficiency of 96% after 200 cycles, and a capacity retention of 578 mAh g−1 at 1.0 C after 1000 cycles. The performance is attributed to the flexible 3D structure and clustering of pyridinic N‐dopants in graphene. The N‐doped graphene shows high electrochemical performance and the flexible 3D porous stable structure accommodates the considerable volume change of the active material during lithium insertion and extraction processes, improving the long‐term electrochemical performance.
Interfacial Synthesis of Conjugated Crystalline 2D Fluorescent Polymer Film Containing Aggregation‐Induced Emission Unit
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Zhaohui , Wu Chenyu , Pan Qingyan , Zhao Yingjie , Li Zhibo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA fully conjugated 2D fluorescent film containing a tetraphenylethene (TPE) unit is constructed by Glaser–Hay coupling reaction on the surface of copper foil. A large‐area, freestanding fluorescent films with an average thickness 4.5 nm can be obtained through the strategy of solid–liquid interfacial synthesis. The film and the pore structure are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). High‐resulution TEM and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) further confirm the dual pores structure with triangular‐ and hexagonal‐shaped pores. The as‐prepared 2D films exhibit excellent solid‐state fluorescence emission arising from the confinement of TPE units.
Single Metal Atom Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Bin , Cai Hairui , Shen Shaohua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhotocatalysis suffers from rapid recombination of photoexcited charge carriers and limited active sites for the catalytic reactions, resulting in unsatisfactory performances that are far from practical application. Single metal atom catalysts not only increase the number of active sites due to the maximum atom‐utilization efficiency, but also enhance the intrinsic activity of each active site because of their unique geometric and electronic features. Furthermore, single metal atom catalysts provide a platform for photocatalysis research on the atomic level. This review discusses the unique characteristics, including geometric and electronic properties, of single metal atom catalysts, summarizes their synthesis strategies, and reviews their most recent development in photocatalysis. Finally, the challenges of single metal catalysts for both fundamental research and practical application are highlighted.