bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Mortality And Associated Factors In A Pastoral Region, Afar, Ethiopia: A Health Facility Based Study
Authors: Woday Abay , Mekuria Yohannes , Denis Christine St 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract

Background: Neonatal mortality is public health issue in developing countries, such as Ethiopia. Unfortunately, the issue is noticeably under-reported and underestimated, so the true gravity of the situation cannot be acknowledged. Subsequently, Afar in Ethiopia contributes the largest burden of under-five mortality when compared to other regions in the country. Regrettably, there is no current information to the rates and predictors of neonatal mortality for the region. Thus, this study aims to assess neonatal mortality and associated factors in pastoral communities residing in Afar, Ethiopia.

Methods: A health facility based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on 403 neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from May 1 st 2015 - May 2nd 2019. Medical records were reviewed and audited for both mothers and neonates to collect data using standardized data extraction checklist. The medical records were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Binary logistic regression with odds ratio and 95% Confidence interval was calculated to assess the association between neonatal mortality and associated factors. Finally, the statistical significance level was declared at a p-value <0.05.

Results: 391 medical records of newborns were included with data complete rate of 97.02%. The prevalence of neonatal mortality was 14.6% (95% CI 11.0%-18.4%). Lack of antenatal care (ANC) follow up (AOR = 4.69: 95%CI 1.77, 12.47), giving birth through cesarean section (AOR 3.59, 95%CI 1.22, 10.55), having a temperature less than 36.5 o C within the first hour of admission (AOR 10.75, 95%CI 3.75, 30.80), perinatal asphyxia (AOR 7.16, 95%CI 2.22, 23.10) and/or having a length of stay greater than five days in the hospital (AOR 0.23, 95%CI 0.08, 0.66) were signiﬁcantly associated with neonatal mortality.

Conclusion: This study revealed that the rate of neonatal mortality is still too high compared to the national data. Antenatal care, cesarean section delivery, length of stay in the hospital, low temperature with in the first hour of admission and perinatal asphyxia were factors associated with neonatal mortality. Thus, the health facilities should give due attention for improving antenatal cares, intra-partum cares and standardized cares for admitted neonates. Additional prospective studies are recommended.
Impact of chronic kidney disease and anemia on health-related quality of life and work productivity: Analysis of multinational real-world data
Authors: Haalen Heleen van , Jackson James , Spinowitz Bruce , Milligan Gary , Moon Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background. Reductions in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are thought to be exacerbated by the low hemoglobin (Hb) levels that define anemia, a common complication of CKD. The current analysis evaluated the impact of anemia on HRQoL and work productivity in patients with non-dialysis dependent and dialysis dependent CKD using real‑world data.Methods. Data were collected in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, the USA and China in 2012–2018 in the Adelphi Real World Disease Specific Programme™ (DSP) for CKD, a large, cross-sectional, survey of physicians and their patients. Patients completed three patient-reported outcomes (PRO) instruments: the EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-level (EQ-5D-3L), the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL-36) instrument and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire. PROs were assessed by CKD stage and Hb levels, and regression analyses were performed with CKD stage and Hb level as independent variables and PROs as outcome variables, while adjusting for age, sex, CKD stage, comorbidities and CV risk.Results. Overall, 5276 patients participated in the survey, including 28% stage 4 and 36% dialysis patients. Patients with lower Hb levels more often reported problems/issues on all EQ-5D-3L domains (p<0.0001). Regression analyses showed significant associations between lower Hb levels and the probability of low (<0.8) EQ-5D-3L utility scores (p<0.0001) and low visual analog scale (VAS) scores (p<0.05), indicating poorer health status. Associations were seen even when adjusting for CKD stage and other potential confounding factors. Significant associations were observed between Hb level and the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF‑12) Physical Component Summary (PCS), SF-12 Mental Component Summary (MCS) and the three KDQOL-36 subscales (all p<0.0001), and were confirmed using linear regression analyses adjusting for CKD stage and other potential confounders. Numerically greater work productivity losses and greater activity impairment were observed with lower Hb levels.Conclusions. Lower Hb levels worsen the impact of CKD on HRQoL, and are associated with lower work productivity in patients with CKD. Assessment and treatment of anemia should be recognized as a key component of integral CKD management throughout all stages of the disease.
Contraceptive utilization and associated factors among women in the extended post-partum period in wukro town, Tigray, Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study
Authors: Assefa Natnael Etsay , Berhe Yodit Zewdie , Werid Weldu Mammo , Mengesha Meresa Berewo , Tekola Kidanemariam Berhe , Abady Gdiom Gebreheat , Gebru Tesfay Tsegay , Berhe Lidya Zewdie , Weldemariam Mulu Gebretsadik 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The extended post-partum period is the twelve months after delivery, which is a very critical time for mothers to ensure a safe birth interval. Many women do not realize that they are at risk of pregnancy during the postpartum period and the importance of birth interval. Birth interval more than two years reduces maternal and child mortality and give a better health for the mother and the child. Because of this assessing post-partum contraceptive utilization and the determining factors is crucial. Hence, the study was conducted to determine contraceptive utilization and identify factors which affect post -partum contraceptive utilization Methods: A community based cross sectional study was implemented among 422 women who gave birth one year prior to the study period in wukro town. The total sample size was allocated to the three kebeles proportionally. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study subjects. Data were collected by interviewer administered structured questionnaire. The data were coded and entered using EpiData version 3.1 and transported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were fitted. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure strength of association. Results: A total of 422 women were enrolled in this study. Nearly half (48.6%) of the women were using contraceptive. Multivariable logistic regression showed that prenatal counseling [AOR 3.06(95% CI; 1.30, 7.22)], menses returned [AOR 3.99(95% CI; 1.96, 8.11)] and resuming sexual activity [AOR 5.96(95% CI; 2.67, 13.3)] were positively associated with utilization of postpartum contraceptive. Conclusions: Postpartum contraceptive use was low. Strengthening prenatal family planning counseling and improving women’s awareness about the return of their fertility after childbirth are suggested to improve family planning utilization in extended postpartum period.
Retrospective Development of a Novel Resilience Scale using Existing Cohort Data: The Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument
Authors: Montoya-Williams Diana , Passarella Molly , Lorch Scott A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Cohort studies represent rich sources of data that can be used to link components of resilience to a variety of health-related outcomes. The Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) cohort study represents one of the largest data sets of the health and social context of adolescents transitioning into adulthood. It did not however use validated resilience scales in its data collection process. This study aimed to retrospectively create and validate a resilience scale using existing data from the cohort to better understand the resilience of its participants.

Methods: Questions asked of participants during one Add Health data collection time period (N=9852) were matched to items on a well-known and widely validated resilience scale called the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale. Factor analysis and psychometric analyses were used to refine and validate this novel Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument. Construct validity utilized participants’ answers to the 10 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, which has been used to validate other resilience scales.

Results: Factor analysis yielded an instrument with 13 items that showed appropriate internal consistency statistics. Resilience scores in our study were normally distributed with no ceiling or floor effects. Our instrument had appropriate construct validity, negatively correlating to answers on the depression scale (r = -0.64, p<0.001). We also found demographic differences in mean resilience scores: lower resilience scores were seen among women and younger participants. Resilience scores increased with increasing education and household income.

Conclusions: It is possible to retrospectively construct a resilience scale from existing cohort data and achieve good psychometric properties. The Adolescent to Adult Health Resilience Instrument can be used to better understand the relationship between resilience, social determinants of health and health outcomes among young adults using existing data, much of which is publicly available.

Keywords: resilience, validation, Add Health, scale development
Back pain as reported in survey and claims data – comparison of prevalences and concordance by data linkage
Authors: Feißel Annemarie , Robra Bernt-Peter , Stallmann Christoph , Swart Enno , March Stefanie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives

Back pain is a burden for those suffering from it as well as for the economy and social insurance system. This explains the great interest in collecting data on back pain in population studies to estimate for instance its prevalence. As part of the lidA study, the agreement between self-reported information on back pain (self-reported prevalence) and health claims data (administrative prevalence) has been examined.

Methods

In two waves of CAPI, employees (years 1959, 1965) were asked about aspects of health, inter alia, if they experience any symptoms or pain in “upper back or thoracic spine” and “lower back or lumbar region” during the past 12 months. With present informed consent, the CAPI data were individually linked with health claims data (n=1,031). Due to the lack of a gold standard, both data sources were cross-validated. Back pain is logged in claims data across sectors based on two different definitions (2009-2013): Def1) at least one “M54” (ICD-10 coded) entry; Def2) present in at least two quarters within a period of four consecutive quarters.

Results

The difference between self-reported prevalence (57.8%) and administrative prevalence (58.3%) based on Def1 is minimal in contrast to Def2 (34.6%). Despite almost identical prevalence percentages, Cohen’s Kappa for Def1 indicates a low level of agreement between both data sources (0.23 [95%-CI: 0.17-0.29]). Although prevalence differs significantly based on Def2, Cohen’s Kappa still shows low agreement (0.18 [95%-CI: 0.13-0.24]).

Conclusions

The low level of agreement between both data sources suggests that each data source identifies a certain group of individuals having few overlaps with one another. Therefore, aiming in identifying the target population for disease-specific health prevention, a combination of both data sources, the prevalence of back pain can be estimated more accurately.
How does the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist fit with existing perioperative risk management strategies? An ethnographic study across surgical specialities in Norway
Authors: Wæhle Hilde Valen , Haugen Arvid Steinar , Wiig Siri , Søfteland Eirik , Sevdalis Nick , Harthug Stig 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) has demonstrated beneficial impacts on a range of patient- and team outcomes, though variation in SSC implementation and staff`s perception of it remain challenging. Precisely how frontline personell integrate the SSC with pre-existing perioperative clinical risk management remains underexplored – yet likely an impactful factor on how SSC is being used and its potential to improve clinical safety. This study aimed to explore how members of the multidisiplinary perioperative team integrate the SSC within their risk management strategies.

Methods

An ethnographic case study including observations (40h) in operating theatres and in-depth interviews of 17 perioperative team members was carried out at two hospitals in 2016. Data were analysed using content analysis.

Results

We identified three themes reflecting the integration of the SSC in daily surgical practice: 1) Assessing utility; implying an intuitive advantage assessment of the SSC`s practical utility in relation to relevant work; 2) Customising implementation; reflecting performance variability of SSC on confirmation of items due to precence of team members; barriers of performance; and definition of SSC as performance indicator, and 3) Interactive micro-team communication; including formal- and informal micro-team formations where detailed, specific risk communication unfolded.

Conclusion

When the SSC is not integrated within existing risk management strategies, but perceived as an “add on”, its fidelity is compromised, hence limiting its potential clinical effectiveness. Implementation strategies for the SSC should thus integrate it as a risk-management tool and include it as part of risk-management education and training. This can improve team learning around risk comunication, foster mutual understanding of safety perspectives and enhance SSC implementation.
Oral cancer stem cells drive tumourigenesis through activation of stromal fibroblasts
Authors: Al-Magsoosi Mohanad J.N , Lambert Daniel W , Khurram Syed Ali , Whawell Simon A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Cancer stem cells (CSC) are a subpopulation of cells within a tumour that are primarily responsible for tumour progression and resistance to therapy. Fibroblasts in the stromal tissue surrounding a tumour are also involved with its progression and fibroblast ‘activation’ is an independent prognostic marker in oral cancer. We hypothesise that CSCs can be isolated from oral cancer cell lines using functional assays and that they may drive tumour progression through communication with stromal fibroblasts.
Methods: CSCs were isolated from oral cancer cell lines (H357 and SCC4) by their rapid adherence to fibronectin or resistance to cisplatin. Conditioned medium from both CSC and unsorted H357 and SCC4 cell lines were applied to cultures of NOFs for 24 hours. The gene and protein expression of the activation markers alpha smooth muscle action (αSMA) and interleukin-6 was assessed using qPCR and immunofluorescence. Expression of CSC markers and αSMA were examined in OSCC tissue using immunohistochemistry.
Results: Cells isolated using both methods expressed significantly increased levels of stem cell markers CD24, CD44 and CD29 compared to unsorted cells. Adherent cells exhibited lower growth rate, higher colony forming efficiency and increased cisplatin resistance compared to unsorted cells. Conversely, the cisplatin-resistant cells adhered to fibronectin in greater numbers than unsorted cells. Expression of αSMA and IL-6 was increased in NOFs following exposure to either H357 or SCC4 CSC conditioned medium. In OSCC tissue there was a positive correlation between expression of αSMA and both CD24 and CD44.
Conclusions: Rapid adherence to fibronectin and chemo-resistance effectively isolates a sub-population of cells from cell lines which show stem cell-like characteristics. Our data also suggests that factors released by CSC can activate fibroblasts towards a CAF-like phenotype, which together with evidence of correlation between markers of both in vivo, provides evidence of a mechanism by which such cells can drive tumour progression.
Red LED light promotes hair follicle development to improve fibre quality in Su line Angora rabbit
Authors: Qin Feng , Wang Jing , Shao Le , Pan Xiaoqing , Yang Jie , Zhu Cigeng , Zhang Xia , Li Jian , Li Sheng , Zhai Pin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Light has crucial roles in animal physiological activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different colours of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on rabbit fibre quality and hair follicle development. 50 three-month-old Su line Angora rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups. Treatment groups were exposed to same intensities of red, green and blue LED light under 16 h light:8 h dark photoperiod regimes. Control groups were exposed to white light and black. The trial spanned 73 days.
Results: Results showed that LED colours exerted different effects on wool yield, fibre quality, hormones and hair follicle development. The wool yield of red group was higher than that of white, green and black groups (P<0.05). The shoulder fibre length of red group was higher than that of white and green groups (P<0.05). The coarse fibre diameter of white group was lower than that of green and black groups (P<0.05). The fibre diameter of red group was the lowest and was lower by 13.9% than that of control group (P>0.05). The coarse fibre ratio of green group was higher (13.31%) than that of red group (3.81%, P<0.05). The follicle groups of white, green and black groups consisted of 1 primary follicle associated with 3 or 4 secondary follicle groups and those of blue group consisted of 1 primary follicle associated with 5–10 secondary follicle groups. The follicle of red group consisted of numerous secondary follicles and a few primary follicles. In same magnification, the numbers of follicle groups of white, red, green, blue and black groups were 14.0, 16.5, 10.0, 11.67 and 11.0, respectively. The numbers of follicle groups of red and green groups significantly differed (P<0.05). Serum melatonin (MT) of red group was highest than that of white and green groups (P<0.01), higher than that of black group (P<0.05), serumTriiodothyronine (T 3 ) of red group was higher than that of white and black groups (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Thus, the data reveal that red LED light can improve fibre quality, this may be due to red LED light which can enhance the secretion of melatonin to promote hair follicle development .
Magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care at st. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical college, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, July, 2019
Authors: Umuro Desta Samuel , Asres Yared Lasebew , Muluneh Gezahegn Mamo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess magnitude and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods: Institution based cross sectional study design was conducted from December 1, 2018 to January 15, 2019 on 405 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic. All pregnant women visiting the Antenatal care clinic during the study period and who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Secondary data was collected from clients register and personal files on hemoglobin, HIV, stool, and other variables. Descriptive statistics was used to analysis some variables by using SPSS. Logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with anemia in pregnancy. Adjusted odds ratio with their 95% of confidence interval and p<0.05 are consider to have significant association.
Results: The magnitude of Anemia in pregnant women in this study was 19.8 %, (95% CI 16.00-23.70). HIV infection (AOR=6.12(95% CI 2.19, 17.08) parasitic infestation (AOR= 11.88 (95% CI 5.60, 25.20) and history of not taking fruit after meal during pregnancy (AOR=3.12(95% CI 1.72, 5.67) were the major determinants of anemia.
Conclusion: This study showed that the magnitude of anemia among pregnant women was high especially at third trimester. Living with HIV /AIDS, parasitic infestation and no history of taking fruits after meal were the main factors.
Key words: Magnitude, Anemia, Pregnant women
Moderation effect of emotion regulation on the relationship between social anxiety, drinking motives and alcohol related problems
Authors: Kim Sojung , Kwon Jung-Hye 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract Background: Accumulated evidence suggests that individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) are at particular risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). Yet, little is known about the mechanisms under this high comorbidity. This study aimed to elucidate the process of development of alcohol related problems (ARP) among individuals with elevated social anxiety (SA). We examined the moderation effect of difficulties in emotion regulation (DER) on the relationship between cognitive-behavioral-physiological symptoms of SA, coping and conformity motives and ARP. Methods: In a sample of university students (N = 647) in South Korea, the proposed model in which fear of negative evaluation (FNE), social avoidance, and concerns over physiological symptoms (CPS) were supposed to affect ARP with the mediation of coping and conformity motives was tested. Furthermore, DER was hypothesized to moderate each meditational path. Results: Results showed that FNE and CPS predicted ARP with the mediation of conformity and coping motives, respectively. As hypothesized, each path was moderated by DER. Conclusions: Findings suggest that coping and conformity motives to cope with cognitive and physiological symptoms of SA were related to ARP. In addition, individuals with high levels of DER were prone to exhibit more ARP.