bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorogenic acid ameliorates memory loss and hippocampal cell death after transient global ischemia
Authors: Hermawati Ery , Arfian Nur , Mustofa Mustofa , Partadiredja Ginus 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChlorogenic acid (CGA) is known to have antioxidant potentials, yet the effect of CGA on brain ischemia has not been sufficiently understood. Brain ischemia such as transient global ischemia disrupts many areas of the brain of rats, including the hippocampus. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups, that is, sham‐operated (SO), bilateral common carotid occlusion (BCCO), and BCCO+ 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg bw CGA groups (CGA15, CGA30, and CGA60, respectively). Brain ischemia was induced in Wistar rats with BCCO for 20 min followed by intraperitoneal injection of CGA. The rats were examined for the spatial memory in a Morris water maze test on the 3rd day and were euthanized on the 10th day after BCCO. The total number of pyramidal cells was estimated, and the mRNA expressions of Bcl2, Bax, caspase‐3, SOD2, SOD1, GPx, ET‐1, eNOS, CD31, and VEGF‐A were measured. The BCCO group spent less time and distance in the target quadrant than any other group in the spatial memory retention test. The CA1 pyramidal cell numbers in the BCCO and CGA15 groups were lower than in the CGA30 and CGA60 groups. The mRNA expressions of Bcl2, SOD2, and CD31 in the BCCO group were lower than in the CGA15, CGA30, and CGA60 groups. The ET‐1 expression was higher in the BCCO and CGA15 groups than in the SO, CGA30, and CGA60 groups. CGA improves the spatial memory and prevents the CA1 pyramidal cell death after BCCO by increasing Bcl2, SOD2, and CD31 expressions and decreasing ET‐1 expression.
How differing modes of non‐genetic inheritance affect population viability in fluctuating environments
Authors: Proulx Stephen R. , Dey Snigdhadip , Guzella Thiago , Teotónio Henrique 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDifferent modes of non‐genetic inheritance are expected to affect population persistence in fluctuating environments. We here analyse Caenorhabditis elegans density‐independent per capita growth rate time series on 36 populations experiencing six controlled sequences of challenging oxygen level fluctuations across 60 generations, and parameterise competing models of non‐genetic inheritance in order to explain observed dynamics. Our analysis shows that phenotypic plasticity and anticipatory maternal effects are sufficient to explain growth rate dynamics, but that a carryover model where ‘epigenetic’ memory is imperfectly transmitted and might be reset at each generation is a better fit to the data. We further find that this epigenetic memory is asymmetric since it is kept for longer when populations are exposed to the more challenging environment. Our analysis suggests that population persistence in fluctuating environments depends on the non‐genetic inheritance of phenotypes whose expression is regulated across multiple generations.
Standing flank laparotomy for the treatment of small colon impactions in 15 ponies and one horse
Authors: Herbert E. W. , Lopes M. A. F. , Kelmer G. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryImpactions are the most common problem affecting the small colon in horses and are much more prevalent in ponies and miniature horses. Ventral midline laparotomy under general anaesthesia is the standard of care for this condition when medical management fails to resolve the impaction or when the impaction causes complete intraluminal obstruction and tympany. This case series reports the use of standing flank laparotomy (SFL) in 15 ponies with focal small colon impactions and one large breed horse with an elongated small colon impaction. All cases presented with signs of colic of 1–4 days' duration. The horses were initially vigorously treated with both enteral and parental fluids but failed to pass faeces, with no resolution of abdominal distention or pain. In all cases, a definitive diagnosis was made duringSFLand the small colon appeared to be viable. The impaction was resolved by extraluminal massage. In the horse and in one pony, in addition to extraluminal massage, high enema was administered during surgery. Routine perioperative treatment with fluids, analgesics, antimicrobials and wound care was provided. All animals survived to discharge. The time from surgical resolution of the impaction to passing faeces was less than 2 h in all but one case. Median duration of hospitalisation was 2 days and all animals returned to their original use by 2 months. The encouraging results of this case series suggest thatSFLis a viable alternative to ventral laparotomy for ponies and horses with either focalSCIor extensiveSCI.
Trait‐based ecology of fishes: A quantitative assessment of literature trends and knowledge gaps using topic modelling
Authors: Luiz Osmar J. , Olden Julian D. , Kennard Mark J. , Crook David A. , Douglas Michael M. , Saunders Thor M. , King Alison J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpecies traits are a new data currency to enhance our understanding of ecological patterns and processes. Trait‐based studies of fishes are numerous in comparison with other animal groups, reflecting the diversity of fish forms and functions they provide to aquatic ecosystems. We conduct a retrospective examination of literature to identify knowledge gaps and provide guidance for future research in trait‐based fish ecology. We apply an automated text mining and topic modelling to track the evolution of research topics within peer‐reviewed articles of functional traits in marine and freshwater fishes published over the past half century, explore the inter‐connections among those topics and identify emerging avenues for investigation. By mapping the topic landscape of the literature, 16 latent topics emerged that vary in their prevalence. Our results show a decline in the frequency of studies using reproductive traits to model and explore the way fish allocate energy for reproduction, and increase in studies reporting functional diversity metrics and utilizing the concept of multivariate functional space. Research focused on contributions of fish traits to ecosystem functioning also has increased in frequency. We revealed large gaps in information between growing and decreasing topics and that these gaps were derived from different types of traits being considered. We suggest that scientists break‐free from the traditions of their research field by targeting investigations that: (a) apply functional diversity metrics to a broader assortment of traits, (b) focus on traits influencing energy allocation to growth/reproduction and (c) integrate trophic‐web and behavioural studies with other topics.
PynA is a pyrimidine 5′‐nucleotidase that functions as an antimutator protein inStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Ulrych Aleš , Petráčková Denisa , Goldová Jana , Buriánková Karolína , Doubravová Linda , Branny Pavel 
Published: August 2019

Streptococcus pneumoniaeis a Gram‐positive bacterium that is a major agent of community‐acquired bacterial pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. Although the mismatch repair function ofS. pneumoniaehas been assigned to thehexA‐hexBgene products, an enzyme capable of the direct elimination of noncanonical nucleotides from the cytoplasm has not been described for this bacterium. Our results show that Spr1057, a protein with previously unknown function, is involved in the inactivation of mutagenic pyrimidine nucleotides and was accordingly designated PynA (pyrimidine nucleotidase A). Biochemical assays confirmed the phosphatase activity of the recombinant enzyme and revealed its metal ion dependence for optimal enzyme activity. We demonstrated that PynA forms a homodimer with higherin vitroactivity towards noncanonical 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine monophosphate than towards canonical thymidine monophosphate. Furthermore, we showed viain vivoassays that PynA protects cells against noncanonical pyrimidine derivatives such as 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine and prevents the incorporation of the potentially mutagenic 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (5‐BrdU) intoDNA. Fluctuation analysis performed underS. pneumoniaeexposure to 5‐BrdU revealed that thepynAnull strain accumulates random mutations with high frequency, resulting in a 30‐fold increase in the mutation rate. The data support a model in which PynA, a protein conserved in other Gram‐positive bacteria, functions as a house‐cleaning enzyme by selectively eliminating noncanonical nucleotides and maintaining the purity ofdNTPpools, similar to the YjjG protein described forEscherichia coli.
Financial literacy and financial resilience: Evidence from around the world
Authors: Klapper Leora , Lusardi Annamaria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe measure financial literacy using questions assessing basic knowledge of four fundamental concepts in financial decision making: knowledge of interest rates, interest compounding, inflation, and risk diversification. Worldwide, just one in three adults are financially literate—that is, they know at least three out of the four financial concepts. Women, poor adults, and lower educated respondents are more likely to suffer from gaps in financial knowledge. This is true not only in developing countries but also in countries with well‐developed financial markets. Relatively low financial literacy levels exacerbate consumer and financial market risks as increasingly complex financial instruments enter the market. Credit products, many of which carry high interest rates and complex terms and conditions, are becoming more readily available. Yet only around half of adults in major emerging countries who use a credit card or borrow from a financial institution are financially literate. We discuss policies to protect borrowers against risks and encourage account holders to save.
Benefits of foreign language learning and bilingualism: An analysis of published empirical research 2005–2011
Authors: Fox Rebecca , Corretjer Olga , Webb Kelley , Tian Jie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite decades of controversy surrounding foreign language study, empirical research has emerged to substantiate the multiple benefits that language learning and bilingualism afford to both individuals and society. This study comprises a survey and analysis of empirical research on this topic published during the first two decades of the 21st century: Part I, presented here, builds upon results of an earlier compilation of studies and includes research published during 2005–2011; Part II (forthcoming from Fox, Corretjer, and Webb) will include an analysis of the empirical research appearing from 2012 to 2019. The 65 studies from Part I reveal eight principal themes: Three themes from the previous compilation of studies were applied as etic codes, and five additional themes emerged from studies published during this particular time frame. Results underscore the importance of early and sustained language study to actualize benefits and promote a mindset where language education is a reality for all. Part I results provide a baseline against which a subsequent analysis of studies that were published on the same topic from 2012 to 2019 will be compared. Conclusions include recommendations for stakeholders and a call for more interdisciplinary research.
A paleosol record of the evolution of Cr redox cycling and evidence for an increase in atmospheric oxygen during the Neoproterozoic
Authors: Colwyn David Auerbach , Sheldon Nathan D. , Maynard J. Barry , Gaines Robert , Hofmann Axel , Wang Xiangli , Gueguen Bleuenn , Asael Dan , Reinhard Christopher T. , Planavsky Noah J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAtmospheric oxygen levels control the oxidative side of key biogeochemical cycles and place limits on the development of high‐energy metabolisms. Understanding Earth's oxygenation is thus critical to developing a clearer picture of Earth's long‐term evolution. However, there is currently vigorous debate about even basic aspects of the timing and pattern of the rise of oxygen. Chemical weathering in the terrestrial environment occurs in contact with the atmosphere, making paleosols potentially ideal archives to track the history of atmospheric O2 levels. Here we present stable chromium isotope data from multiple paleosols that offer snapshots of Earth surface conditions over the last three billion years. The results indicate a secular shift in the oxidative capacity of Earth's surface in the Neoproterozoic and suggest low atmospheric oxygen levels (<1% PAL pO2) through the majority of Earth's history. The paleosol record also shows that localized Cr oxidation may have begun as early as the Archean, but efficient, modern‐like transport of hexavalent Cr under an O2‐rich atmosphere did not become common until the Neoproterozoic.
Spatial heterogeneity in climate change effects decouples the long‐term dynamics of wild reindeer populations in the high Arctic
Authors: Hansen Brage Bremset , Pedersen Åshild Ønvik , Peeters Bart , Le Moullec Mathilde , Albon Steve D. , Herfindal Ivar , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Grøtan Vidar , Aanes Ronny 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe ‘Moran effect’ predicts that dynamics of populations of a species are synchronized over similar distances as their environmental drivers. Strong population synchrony reduces species viability, but spatial heterogeneity in density dependence, the environment, or its ecological responses may decouple dynamics in space, preventing extinctions. How such heterogeneity buffers impacts of global change on large‐scale population dynamics is not well studied. Here, we show that spatially autocorrelated fluctuations in annual winter weather synchronize wild reindeer dynamics across high‐Arctic Svalbard, while, paradoxically, spatial variation in winter climate trends contribute to diverging local population trajectories. Warmer summers have improved the carrying capacity and apparently led to increased total reindeer abundance. However, fluctuations in population size seem mainly driven by negative effects of stochastic winter rain‐on‐snow (ROS) events causing icing, with strongest effects at high densities. Count data for 10 reindeer populations 8–324 km apart suggested that density‐dependent ROS effects contributed to synchrony in population dynamics, mainly through spatially autocorrelated mortality. By comparing one coastal and one ‘continental’ reindeer population over four decades, we show that locally contrasting abundance trends can arise from spatial differences in climate change and responses to weather. The coastal population experienced a larger increase in ROS, and a stronger density‐dependent ROS effect on population growth rates, than the continental population. In contrast, the latter experienced stronger summer warming and showed the strongest positive response to summer temperatures. Accordingly, contrasting net effects of a recent climate regime shift—with increased ROS and harsher winters, yet higher summer temperatures and improved carrying capacity—led to negative and positive abundance trends in the coastal and continental population respectively. Thus, synchronized population fluctuations by climatic drivers can be buffered by spatial heterogeneity in the same drivers, as well as in the ecological responses, averaging out climate change effects at larger spatial scales.
Solid Foundations? Towards a Historical Sociology of Prison Building Programmes in England and Wales, 1959–2015
Authors: GUINEY THOMAS 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBetween 1959 and 2015 the UK government embarked upon five major phases of prison building in England and Wales. Drawing upon detailed archival research, this article offers a historical sociology of prison building programmes. It traces the evolution of prison building as a public policy concern and documents how this key site of penal policymaking was interpreted, and contested, by policy actors who were themselves embedded within deep institutional structures of power and meaning. It argues that prison building has moved from the margins to the mainstream of penal policy, shaped by strongly‐held convictions about the liberal‐democratic state, the competition for control of finite resources and the complex ‘geography of administration’ that underpins the British machinery of government.
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus to control Escherichia coli on meat matrices
Authors: Ottaviani Donatella , Pieralisi Silvia , Angelico Gabriele , Mosca Francesco , Tiscar Pietro Giorgio , Rocchegiani Elena , Scuota Stefania , Petruzzelli Annalisa , Fisichella Stefano , Blasi Giuliana , DiRaimo Enrico , Leoni Francesca , Latini Mario , Altissimi Serena , Haouet Naceur 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predator micro‐organism towards other Gram‐negative bacteria. We tested B. bacteriovorus to control Escherichia coli growth on chicken slices and canned beef. Moreover, we analysed B. bacteriovorus's lytic ability on eight toxigenic or multidrug‐resistant E. coli strains. In chicken slices, the predator induced the highest prey reduction (4.3 log) respect to control at 6 h. In canned beef, the predator induced the highest prey reduction (2.1 log) respect to control at 6 h. Moreover, B. bacteriovorus showed lytic ability towards all tested E. coli strains. B. bacteriovorus could control E. coli and other pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in those meat‐based foods that have a shelf life <10 days. It could integrate modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to prolong the shelf life and improve the safety of pre‐packed fresh meat, meat preparations and meat products. In future applications on meat‐based foods, B. bacteriovorus could also minimise the use of additives.
Dietary interference on the oxidation and hydrolysis of liposomes during in vitro digestion
Authors: Lu Junmeng , Tu Piaohan , Feng Yanwen , Li Na , Xu Xiankang , Li Kexuan , Yao Yixin , Han Jianzhong , Liu Weilin 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn this study, the influence of dietary compounds, including antioxidants (ethylenediaminetetraacid, ascorbic acid, catechin), chitosan and lactoferrin, on the stability of liposomes during in vitro adult and infant digestion was investigated in terms of formation of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and free fatty acid release. Liposomes were more sensitive to degradation in adults than in infants, suggesting lower pH (1.5) and higher concentration of pancreatic enzymes (3.2 mg mL−1) and bile salts (5 mg mL−1) that indicated greater damage to the structure of liposomes. Compared to ethylenediaminetetraacid and ascorbic acid, catechin presented the most apparent protective effect against liposomal oxidation by scavenging free radicals. Chitosan promoted the formation of TBARS, while lactoferrin facilitated the hydrolysis rate of liposomes under both adult and infant conditions. This study provided an insight into the development of healthcare products and functional foods related to liposomes for special populations.
Interleukin‐9 blockage reduces early hepatic granuloma formation and fibrosis during Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice
Authors: Zhan Tingzheng , Ma Huihui , Jiang Suqin , Zhong Zirong , Wang Xiaoli , Li Chunxiang , Yu Dan , Liu Lei , Xu Jing , Xia Chaoming 
Published: August 2019

SummaryHepatic fibrosis induced by schistosomes is regulated by a complex network of cytokines. T helper type 9 (Th9) cells are a new type of effector T helper cells, which mainly secrete the specific cytokine interleukin‐9 (IL‐9). Interleukin‐9 has been shown to contribute to liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and in a mouse model due to carbon tetrachloride. However, the role of IL‐9 in schistosomiasis fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of IL‐9 in schistosomiasis through in vivo and in vitro studies. The in vivo studies found that neutralization of IL‐9 reduced liver granulomatous inflammation and collagen deposition around parasite eggs. The in vitro studies found that the treatment of primary hepatic stellate cells with IL‐9 induced a significant increase of collagen and α‐smooth‐muscle actin. Moreover, we also described the dynamics and relevance of IL‐9 and IL‐4 in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. We found that IL‐9 might appear more quickly and at higher levels than IL‐4. Hence, our findings indicated that IL‐9 might play a role in regulating hepatic fibrosis in early‐stage schistosomiasis and become a promising approach for regulating hepatic fibrosis caused by S. japonicum.
Torasemide versus furosemide in treatment of heart failure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sherif Nourin Ali , Morra Mostafa Ebraheem , Thanh Le Van , Elsayed Ghadeer Gamal , Elkady Aya Hesham , Elshafay Abdelrahman , Kien Nguyen Dang , AL‐HABBAA Ahmed , Minh Le Huu Nhat , Y Mai Nhu , Nghia Thai Le Ba , Mohammed Abdelrhman Tarek , Eid Peter Samuel , Turk Tarek , Hirayama Kenji , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimDiuretics are a cornerstone in treatment of heart failure (HF). Torasemide is a loop diuretic with a potential advantage over other diuretics. We aim to meta‐analyse and compare the effect of torasemide with furosemide in HF patients.MethodsA comprehensive literature search using 12 databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing furosemide and torasemide in HF patients were included and meta‐analysed. We assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane Collaboration's tool. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016046112).ResultsEighteen RCTs with 1598 patients were included. There was a significant difference between torasemide 20 mg and furosemide 40 mg in increasing the urine volume (standard difference of the mean (SDM) [95% confidence interval] = −0.78 [−1.52 to −0.053], P = .036). Torasemide 10 mg and 10 to 20 mg have a significant effect on potassium excretion in comparison with furosemide 25 to 40 mg (P = .018 and .023, respectively). In general, torasemide and furosemide have no significant difference in mortality, edema improvement, weight loss, heart rate, and reducing systolic/diastolic blood pressure. However, oral torasemide has a significant lower hospital stay P < .001 and superior effect in improving ejection fraction P = .029.ConclusionAlthough not all results are statistically significant, torasemide has potential advantages on multiple aspects of HF management when compared with furosemide. More studies are needed to clarify these effects.
EXTERNAL GOVERNANCE AND THE COST OF EQUITY FINANCING
Authors: Sassi Syrine , Saadi Samir , Boubaker Sabri , Chourou Lamia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examine whether and how competitive pressure in the product market influences the cost of equity capital. Using a large panel of U.S. public firms, we find that intensification of product market competition results in lower equity financing costs. Our results are statistically significant and economically sizable. In line with the view of the disciplinary role of product market competition, we show that corporate governance, payout policy, and investment policy are channels through which competitive pressure influences the cost of equity capital.