bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal dose of pretreated-dexmedetomidine in fentanyl-induced cough suppression: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhang Dongsheng , Tian Shunping , Yang Yang , Xing Zhi , Ma Rongrong , Zhou Tianqi , Bao Tianxiu , Sun Jianhong , Zhang Zhuan 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: To investigate the optimal dose of pretreated-dexmedetomidine in fentanyl-induced cough suppression.
Methods: Patients of 180 undergoing elective surgery with general anesthesia, aged 18-65 years, BMI 18.5-30 kg/m2, ASA I or II, were equally randomized into four groups (n = 45) to receive pumped pretreatment of dexmedetomidine with 0 (group 1), 0.03 (group 2), 0.06 (group 3) and 0.09 (group 4) μg•kg-1•min-1 for 10 min, respectively. After the pretreatment, all patients were given a 5-sec intravenous injection of fentanyl 4 µg/kg. The symptoms of irritating cough including the severity and onset time were recorded for one min after fentanyl injection. General anesthesia induction was completed with midazolam, propofol and cisatracurium, then endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask was inserted and connected to an anesthesia machine. MAP, HR and SpO2 at the beginning of pretreatment (T0), 3 min (T1), 6 min (T2), 9 min (T3) and 12 min (T4) after the beginning of pretreatment were recorded. Side effects of dexmedetomidine, such as bradycardia, hypertension, hypotension, and respiratory depression were also recorded during the course.
Results: Totally 168 patients completed the study. The incidences of cough were 52.4%, 42.9%, 11.9%, and 14.3% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 (P > 0.05) and between groups 3 and 4 (P > 0.05). The incidence and severity of cough in groups 3 and 4 were significantly lower than those in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Compared to T0, HR at T2 (P < 0.05), T3 (P < 0.01), and T4 (P < 0.01) decreased significantly and MAP at T4 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in group 4. Bradycardia occurred in 1 case and respiratory depression occurred in 1 case in group 4. Compared to group 1, the time points of cough in the other 3 groups were delayed significantly (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Pretreated dexmedetomidine 0.06 μg•kg-1•min-1 pumped intravenously for 10 min could reduce FIC effectively without side effects.
Trial registration: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03126422) in April 13, 2017.
Keywords: Dexmedetomidine; Fentanyl; Cough.
Fahr’s disease presenting with thalamic hemorrhage: a case report
Authors: Wang Guotao , Ye Zhinan , Cheng Jian , Ma Guohua 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Fahr’s disease is a rare neurological disorder which is characterized by diffuse intracranial calcification documented in bilateral basal ganglia and dentate nuclei of the cerebellum. In recent years, some acute presentations of Fahr’s disease have been reported. Here we describe a Fahr’s disease patient presenting with thalamic hemorrhage, which has not been reported so far.
Case presentation: A 51-year-old man doesn’t have any prior premonitory symptoms and significant family history of neurologic disorder, he presented to our emergency department because of acute left limb numbness. Both brain CT and MRI study exhibited symmetric calcifications in bilateral basal ganglia and bilateral cerebellar dentate nuclei, which was consistent with Fahr’s disease. In addition, the blood investigation provided no criteria to secondary intracranial calcification. After proper clinical medical treatment and sustained physical rehabilitation, the patient’s symptoms relieved and he was discharged from hospital.
Conclusion: We describe a case of sporadic Fahr’s disease presenting with thalamic hemorrhage. It is unknown whether the calcification in Fahr’s disease negatively affects intracranial vessels predisposing acute presentation. Therefore, the association between idiopathic basal ganglia calcification and acute cerebrovascular disease is worth special attention and needs further studies.
Keywords: Fahr’s disease, thalamic hemorrhage.
NLO prediction for the decays $\tau \to \ell \ell'\ell' \nu \bar \nu$ and $\mu \to e e e \nu \bar\nu$
Authors: Fael Matteo 
Published: February 2019

These proceedings review the differential decay rates and the
branching ratios of the tau and muon decays
\tau \to \ell \ell' \ell' \nu \bar\nuτ→ℓℓ′ℓ′νν‾
(with \ell,\ell'=\mu,eℓ,ℓ′=μ,e)
and \mu \to e e e \nu \bar \nuμ→eeeνν‾
in the Standard Model at NLO. These five-body leptonic decays are a tool
to study the Lorentz structure of weak interactions and to test lepton
flavour universality. They are also a source of SM background to
searches for the lepton-flavour-violating decays
\mu \to e e eμ→eee
and \tau \to \ell \ell' \ell'τ→ℓℓ′ℓ′.Even if the shift in the branching ratios induced by radiative
corrections turns out to be small and of order 1% — mainly due to a
running effect of the fine structure constant — locally in the phase
space these corrections can reach the 5 - 10% level, depending on the
applied cuts. We found for instance that in the phase space region where
the neutrino energies are small, and the momenta of the three charged
leptons have a similar signature as in \mu \to eeeμ→eee
and \tau \to \ell \ell'\ell'τ→ℓℓ′ℓ′,
the NLO corrections decrease the leading-order prediction by about 10 -
20%.
Kızartılmış Hamurların Farklı Kızartma Koşullarında Renk Değerlerindeki Değişimin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KESKİN Şule , TURAN Semra , SOLAK Rukiye 
Published: February 2019

Bu
çalışmada, farklı
kızartma koşullarının kızartılmış hamurların renk
değerleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan mayalı
hamurlar açılmış ve küçük parçalara ayrılıp rafine ayçiçek yağında mutfak
fritözü kullanılarak kızartılmıştır. Farklı kızartma koşullarında bir günde
elli kez tekrarlanan kızartma işlemi yapılmıştır. Kızartma yağı sıcaklıkları
160, 180 ve 200 °C; hamur tuz içerikleri % 0, 1 ve 2; ve kızartma süreleri 1, 3
ve 5 dakika olarak uygulanmıştır. Yanıt yüzey tekniği kullanılarak merkezi
karma tasarım yöntemine göre yirmi
kızartma işlemi yapılmıştır. 50. kızartmada fritözden alınan kızartılmış
hamurların renk değerleri (L*, a* ve b*) belirlenmiştir. Kızarmış hamurların
L*, a* ve b* değerleri sırasıyla 46.84-74.73, -1.47-14.14 ve 21.18‑34.52
aralığında bulunmuştur. Kızartılmış hamurların renk değerlerinde meydana gelen
değişikliklerin kuadratik modele uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. L*, a* ve b* renk
değerleri için modellerin belirleme katsayıları sırasıyla 0.9232, 0.9036 ve
0.9065 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kızartma sıcaklığının
kızartılmış hamurların L*, a* ve b* renk değerleri üzerine etkisi önemli
bulunmuştur (p &lt;0.05). Diğer taraftan, kızartma süresinin b* değeri ve hamur
tuz içeriğinin L* değeri üzerine etkisi önemsiz olmuştur
(p&gt; 0.05). İkili etkileşimler dikkate alındığında, kızartma sıcaklığı ve
hamur tuz içeriği arasındaki etkileşim a* ve b* renk değerleri için önemli
bulunmuştur (p &lt;0.05). Ayrıca, kızartma sıcaklığı ile kızartma süresi
arasındaki etkileşim de a* ve L* renk değerleri üzerine etkili olmuştur
(p &lt;0.05). Sonuç olarak, kızartma koşulları kızartılmış hamurların renk
değerlerini etkilemiştir.
Acceptability, effectiveness, and fouling of PointOne membrane filters distributed in South Sudan
Authors: Holding Shannon , Sadeghi Ilin , White Trevor , Murray Anna , Ray James , Asatekin Ayse , Lantagne Daniele 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Sawyer PointOne™ household hollow fiber membrane filter (PointOne) efficaciously removes microbiological indicators in the laboratory, and is increasingly considered for emergency response. To our knowledge, PointOne effectiveness in emergencies had not been evaluated. In South Sudan, 773 PointOnes were distributed. For 13 months after distribution, household surveys were completed quarterly, water quality testing was conducted monthly, and post-mortem analysis was completed at study midline to assess acceptability, effectiveness, and membrane fouling, respectively. Recipients found PointOnes acceptable, with high rates of demonstrated correct use (97–100%) and correct backflushing (96–100%). PointOnes effectively reduced thermotolerant coliforms for four months. When surface water use increased, effectiveness dropped, with 38% of filtrate samples contaminated. After backflushing filters with 0.2% chlorine solution, effectiveness improved; however, 5–38% of PointOne filtrate samples remained contaminated over subsequent months. Irreversible fouling was documented during post-mortem analysis. These results highlight that while PointOnes can improve household water quality within an emergency, PointOnes can foul within 4–6 months of use, depending on influent water quality. It is recommended that future PointOne distributions include continuous monitoring and an appropriate cleaning regime, based on influent water quality, to ensure continued performance. Further research on source water quality impacts on PointOne performance is recommended.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods: A Critical Review
Authors: Adeyeye Samuel A.O. 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well researched chemicals in
foods that have been found to exhibit mutagenic and carcinogenic potentials. This study examined
available literature on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods, sources, effects and remediation.

Methods:
Available literature on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods, sources, effects and
remediation was critically reviewed.

Results:
The review showed that carcinogenicity of PAHs varies from the potent to moderately
carcinogenic PAHs which include 3-methylcholanthrene, Benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene,
5-methylchrysene, and dibenz[a,j]anthracene, whereas benzo[e]pyrene, dibenz[a,c]anthracene,
chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene and fluoranthene are relatively weak or inactive carcinogens. Cooking
processes have been found to be a major source of PAHs in foods. Although, PAHs can also be
formed during curing and processing of raw food prior to cooking, several researchers in recent years
have shown that the major dietary sources of PAHs are fish and meat especially where there is high
consumption of meat cooked over an open flame. Several procedures and methods have been developed
recently to assess and detect PAHs in foods and more recently, bio-monitoring procedures have
also been developed to assess human exposure to PAHs. Numerous organizations such as the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), the International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IACR), the Scientific Committee on Food (SCF), the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives (JECFA), the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), and the
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have been involved in evaluating the occurrence and
toxicity of PAHs.

Conclusion:
Conclusively, taking into consideration the sources of PAHs generation, adequate process
and quality control of the processed foods could be a veritable mean to reduce PAHs ingestion
in foods.
Emitter Individual Identification Based on Nonlinearity Analysis of Oscillators
Authors: Bao Han , Yao Hongyan 
Published: February 2019

Background:
According to the characteristics of phase noise, phase noise power spectrum
feature was used for emitter individual identification.

Methods:
For different emitter individuals, we established a phase noise model with the influence
of both transmitter and receiver based on the research of its characteristics. Using power spectrum
of phase noise, the corresponding scattered information entropy was proposed. The same type of
communication equipments can be identified by Minimum Error Minimax Probability Machine
(MEMPM) classifier through extracting this feature at a different frequency offset.

Results:
Simulation results show that the new features can be effectively used to classify emitter
individuals with stable classification performance.

Conclusion:
According to the simulation, when the SNR was higher than 10dB, the accuracy rate
was higher than 90%. It proved that the method is useful and effective. In addition, the recognition
performance of the proposed method is very stable, showing the stability of the device phase noise.
Therefore, it can be used in practice.
Effect of Sample Processing Delays on the Values of Serum Based Biomarkers of Brain Injury Collected from the Umbilical Cord Blood of Neonates
Authors: Weiss Michael D. , Bliznyuk Nikolay A. , Rossignol Candace C. , Sura Livia , Huene Melissa , Copenhaver Nicole , Glushakova Olena , Hayes Ronald L. 
Published: February 2019

Background:When a neonate is born with suspected brain injury, blood samples are often obtained from the umbilical cord blood but are not always processed immediately.Objective:Test the accuracy of brain injury biomarker assays on samples that experienced delayed processing.Methods:Healthy neonates who did not have risk factors for brain injury provided cord blood samples. Group 1 blood samples were centrifuged immediately, and the serum was removed and frozen at baseline, 4, and 8 hours. Group 2 had a baseline sample processed immediately and then blood samples remained in contact with the clotted portion until 4, and 8 hours and then were centrifuged. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays determined the concentrations of Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP).Results:Group 1’s average concentrations of GFAP were 62±47 pg/ml at 0 hours (n=32) with a mean increase of 3±14% and a decrease of 0.2±9% at 4 and 8 hours, respectively. UCH-L1 average concentrations were 3306±3093 pg/ml at 0 hours (n=37) with a mean increase of 3±10% at 4 hours and a mean decrease of 0.6±11% at 8 hours. Group 2’s average GFAP concentrations were 104±111 pg/ml at 0 hours (n=9) with a mean decrease of 5±9% and 7±7% at 4 and 8 hours, respectively. UCH-L1 average concentrations were 3448±2456 pg/ml at 0 hour (n=8) with a mean increase of 9±6% and 6±18% at 4 and 8 hours, respectively.Conclusion:Delays in processing up to 8 hours did not significantly affect the concentration of UCH-L1 or GFAP.
The Effect of Carrier Matrix and the Method of Preparing Solid Dispersion on Physical State and Solubility of Ibuprofen
Authors: Alam Mohd Aftab , Ali Raishuddin , Al-Jenoobi Fahad Ibrahim , Al-Mohizea Abdullah M. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The poor solubility of a drug substance is one of the factors which are responsible
for poor dissolution and bioavailabity.

Objective:
To enhance the solubility of Ibuprofen using different techniques, and to investigate the effect
of carrier matrixes and methods of preparing solid dispersion on physical state and solubility of
Ibuprofen.

Methods:
Fusion method, solvent evaporation and effervescence assisted fusion methods were used to
prepare solid dispersions of ibuprofen (IBU). Mannitol, polyethylene-glycol-6000, urea, microcrystalline
cellulose, calcium carbonate, sugar spheres, sodium chloride, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide,
citric acid, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin were used as carrier matrix. Solid dispersions
were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry
(DSC). The solubility of IBU powder and its solid dispersions were investigated in water, acidic buffer
(pH-1.2) and in phosphate buffer (pH-6.8).

Results:
In some of the solid dispersions, IBU lost its crystalline structure and converted into amorphous
powder. Scanning electron micrographs and DSC thermograms revealed the absence of IBU
crystalline particles in few of the solid dispersion matrixes. Solid dispersion comprising amorphous
IBU showed remarkable enhancement in its solubility. The IBU-magnesium oxide solid dispersion
showed the highest solubility enhancement, followed by IBU-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, IBUpolyethylene
glycol-6000, IBU-urea and IBU-β-cyclodextrin. The magnesium oxide, hydroxypropyl-β-
cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin enhanced solubility even at acidic pH. Effervescence assisted fusion
technique showed better solubility results than the other two techniques.

Conclusions:
On the basis of present observations, it can be suggested that the type of carrier matrix,
the method of preparation and the pH of the dispersion plays an important role in the solubility of IBU.
Simulation and Performance Analysis of Tilted Time Window and Support Vector Machine Based Learning Object Ranking Method
Authors: Thakur Narina , Mehrotra Deepti , Bansal Abhay , Bala Manju 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
Since the adequacy of Learning Objects (LO) is a dynamic concept and
changes in its use, needs and evolution, it is important to consider the importance of LO in terms of
time to assess its relevance as the main objective of the proposed research. Another goal is to increase
the classification accuracy and precision.

Methods:
With existing IR and ranking algorithms, MAP optimization either does not lead to a
comprehensively optimal solution or is expensive and time - consuming. Nevertheless, Support
Vector Machine learning competently leads to a globally optimal solution. SVM is a powerful classifier
method with its high classification accuracy and the Tilted time window based model is computationally
efficient.

Results:
This paper proposes and implements the LO ranking and retrieval algorithm based on the
Tilted Time window and the Support Vector Machine, which uses the merit of both methods. The
proposed model is implemented for the NCBI dataset and MAT Lab.

Conclusion:
The experiments have been carried out on the NCBI dataset, and LO weights are assigned
to be relevant and non - relevant for a given user query according to the Tilted Time series
and the Cosine similarity score. Results showed that the model proposed has much better accuracy.
Performance Modeling and Analysis of WDM Optical Networks under Wavelength Continuity Constraint using MILP
Authors: Bhalaik Swati , Sharma Ashutosh , Kumar Rajiv , Sharma Neeru 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
Optical networks exploit the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) to meet
the ever-growing bandwidth demands of upcoming communication applications. This is achieved by dividing
the enormous transmission bandwidth of fiber into smaller communication channels. The major
problem with WDM network design is to find an optimal path between two end users and allocate an
available wavelength to the chosen path for the successful data transmission.

Methods:
This communication over a WDM network is carried out through lightpaths. The merging of all
these lightpaths in an optical network generates a virtual topology which is suitable for the optimal network
design to meet the increasing traffic demands. But, this virtual topology design is an NP-hard problem.
This paper aims to explore Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) framework to solve this design
issue.

Results:
The comparative results of the proposed and existing mathematical models show that the
proposed algorithm outperforms with the various performance parameters.

Conclusion:
Finally, it is concluded that network congestion is reduced marginally in the overall performance
of the network.
Gastroprotective Effect of Combinations of Cincau Leaves and Mangosteen Peel on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Damage
Authors: Widyaningsih Wahyu , Sary Eka Novyyanti , Halimah Dessy Nur , Jannah Wa Ode Miftahul 
Published: February 2019

Gastric ulcer is still a health problem in Indonesia. The leaves of cincau (Cyclea barbata Miers) and mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana Linn) have been investigated to have gastroprotective effects. This study aims to determine the effect of gastroprotector from the combination of Cincau leaves and mangosteen peel. This study used the post test only control group design. Wistar male rats were divided into 6 groups. Group I was a healthy control group and the second group was an untreated negative control. Group III is positive group treated with Ranitidine (0.016 g / kg BW). Groups IV, V, and VI were given green leaves of cincau (13.5 g / kg BW), mangosteen peel (25 g / kg BW) and 1: 1 combination. Treatment was performed for 14 days. On day 14 1 hour after treatment, all groups (except group I) were given 96% oral ethanol induction at a dose of 5 g / kg BW. On the 15th day the animals were sacrificed by means of anesthesia using chloroform. The area of the tukak is calculated by ImageJ and then calculates the index parameters of the ulcer and the protection ratio. The stomach is made of a hitopathologic preparation with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) preparations to observe COX-2 expression. The index data of ulcer, protection ratio, gastric mucosal damage score and number of cells expressing COX-2 were statistically analyzed by SPSS program. The results showed that the combination of green leaves and mangosteen leaf ratio of 1: 1 had a gastroprotective effect by inhibiting the gastric induced index, increasing the ratio of protection, reducing total mucosal damage and inhibiting the expression of COX-2 protein in rat stomach cells significantly (p <0 , 05). Giving combination of Cincau leaf and mangosteen peal of 1: 1 able to give gastroprotective effect.
PENGARUH HIPOTIROID TERHADAP BERAT BADAN DAN KONSUMSI PAKAN PADA TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR
Authors: Hidayat Taufiq , Susbiantonny Alfien 
Published: February 2019

Latar belakang. Terdapat hubungan yang kompleks antara penyakit tiroid, berat badan, dan metabolisme. Hipotiroidisme dan obesitas merupakan dua keadaan yang secara umum sering dikaitkan. Namun demikian, perubahan aksis hipotalamus-pituitari-tiroid (HPT) dan kadar hormon tiroid perifer dilaporkan bertentangan dengan efek hormon tiroid pada nafsu makan. Tujuan. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh hipotiroid terhadap berat badan dan konsumsi pakan pada tikus jantan galur Wistar. Metode. Dua belas tikus Wistar jantan dengan berat rata-rata 200-250 g dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Satu kelompok diberikan PTU 54 mg/kgbb/hari secara oral selama 14 hari untuk menginduksi hipotiroid dan 1 kelompok kontrol diberikan akuades secara oral. Tikus ditimbang setiap minggu dan konsumsi pakan diamati setiap hari. Kadar TSH dan FT4 serum diperiksa pada akhir penelitian. Hasil. Berat badan kelompok hipotiroid (245,05 ± 11,685) lebih tinggi bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol (220,01 ± 8,338) (p<0,05), konsumsi pakan kelompok hipotiroid (15,80 ± 2,348) lebih rendah bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrol (18,94 ± 0,911) (p<0,05). Kadar FT4 serum berhubungan negatif secara bermakna dengan berat badan (r=-0,608, p<0,05), dan berhubungan positif dengan konsumsi pakan (r=0,550, p=0,064). Kadar TSH serum secara bermakna berhubungan positif dengan berat badan (r=0,849, p<0,01) dan secara bermakna berhubungan negatif dengan konsumsi pakan (r=-0,739, p<0,01). Kesimpulan. Hipotiroid meningkatkan berat badan dan menurunkan konsumsi pakan pada tikus jantan galur Wistar. Kadar FT4 rendah berhubungan dengan peningkatan berat badan. Kadar TSH tinggi berhubungan dengan peningkatan berat badan dan penurunan konsumsi pakan.