bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urethra-preserving and dorsal capsule fenestration with robot-assisted simple prostatectomy for severe LUTS in small prostate: a case report
Authors: Wen Lijie , Zhang Yue , He Yi , Yu Yang , Yang Bo 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundSmall prostates (volume &lt;30 ml) induce bladder outlet obstruction with pathophysiological changes distinct from those associated with large prostates. Treatment options often include transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Existing treatments have issues with high recurrence and complication rates. Therefore, we aim to explore a new minimally invasive surgical approach for patients with severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and a small prostate.MethodsA patient with severe LUTS and a small prostate was admitted to the Department of Urology at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University. The patient had no median lobe but presented with multiple bladder stones. Relevant data (IPSS score, urine flow rate, operation time, hemoglobin drop, catheterization time, hospitalization time, residual urine) were collected before and after surgery to assess the safety and efficiency.ResultsThe patient was 72 years old with a prostate volume of 22.14 ml, a preoperative IPSS score of 28, PSA of 0.314 ng/ml, maximum urine flow rate of 3.5 ml/s, and a prostate MRI PI-RADS score of 2. The patient underwent robot-assisted cystolithotomy, urethra-preserving prostatectomy and dorsal capsule fenestration. The surgery lasted 105 min, with a postoperative hemoglobin drop of 3 g/L. There was no continuous bladder irrigation postoperatively, and the catheter was removed after 10 days. The patient was hospitalized for 4 days and followed up for 24 months. At 6 months postoperative, the patient had an IPSS score of 6, a QoL score of 1, a urine flow rate of 18 ml/s, and residual urine of 8 ml, with nocturia occurring 1–2 times. At 24 months postoperative, the patient had an IPSS score of 7, a QoL score of 1, a urine flow rate of 21 ml/s, and residual urine of 15 ml, with nocturia occurring 1 time.ConclusionRobot-assisted urethra-preserving prostatectomy and dorsal capsule fenestration is a promising alternative treatment for patient with severe LUTS due to a small prostate in both long-term safety and efficacy. Further large-sample controlled studies are needed for additional evaluation and validation.
In vitro toxicological evaluation of pouched portioned oral nicotine products
Authors: Keyser Brian M. , Leverette Robert , McRae Reagan , Wertman John , Shutsky Tom , Szeliga Ken , Makena Patrudu , Jordan Kristen G. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionModern oral nicotine pouch products (ONPs) are a category of oral nicotine products which contain pharmaceutical-grade nicotine, flavors, and other food-grade ingredients but no tobacco leaf. Recent reports indicate that ONPs in general do not contain (or only at minimal levels) the harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) identified in cigarette smoke, suggesting their potential as alternative products for reducing harm from cigarette smoking.MethodsWe assessed in vitro toxicological effects of eight ONPs, designated as modern oral (MO) 1 to 8 along with an ONP, an oral tobacco (snus), and a combustible cigarette market comparator using established regulatory toxicological assays including Ames, in vitro micronucleus (ivMN), and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays.ResultsThe MO test products 1-7 ZYN wintergreen, and General Snus white mint were negative for mutagenicity (Ames assay), genotoxicity (ivMN), and cytotoxicity (NRU). The combustible cigarette was positive in all three assays. The MO-8 test product was negative for mutagenicity; however, it was positive in the ivMN and NRU assays at concentrations either 42 to 135-fold based on the ivMN i to iv treatment schedule or 60-fold higher, respectively, when compared to combustible cigarettes.DiscussionThus, the MO test products are likely to be less harmful than combustible cigarettes and are alternatives to cigarettes. However, understanding of long-term effects of ONPs in general requires additional research.
Characterization of dynamic compliance of the respiratory system in healthy anesthetized dogs
Authors: Raillard Mathieu , Mosing Martina , Raisis Anthea , Auckburally Adam , Beaumont Georgina , Downing Frances , Heselton Charlotte , MacFarlane Paul , Portier Karine , Robertson Josephine , Soares Joao Henrique Neves , Steblaj Barbara , Wringe Elliot , Levionnois Olivier L. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionIn clinical practice, evaluating dynamic compliance of the respiratory system (Cdyn) could provide valuable insights into respiratory mechanics. Reference values of Cdyn based on body weight have been reported, but various factors may affect them and the evidence is scanty. This study aimed to establish a reference interval for Cdyn and identify associated variables.MethodsData were collected from 515 client-owned dogs requiring anesthesia, excluding those with lower airway disease. The dogs were anesthetized, the tracheas intubated, and lungs ventilated at clinicians' discretion across 11 centers in six countries, with no restrictions on anesthesia protocols or ventilation settings, except avoiding inspiratory pauses. Three Cdyn measurements from three consecutive breaths per dog were recorded using a standardized form, which also documented factors affecting Cdyn identified through literature and an online survey. Various spirometry technologies were used. The substantial variance in Cdyn measurements led to a comprehensive analysis using a multiple linear regression model. Multicollinearity (variables highly correlated with each other) was addressed by investigating, transforming, or excluding factors. Initial simple linear regression assessed each variable's individual effect on Cdyn, followed by a multiple linear regression model constructed via stepwise forward selection and backward elimination.ResultsThe best-fitting model identified a linear relationship between Cdyn and body mass when the following conditions were met: high BCS (Body Condition Score), orotracheal tubes &lt;7% smaller than predicted, the use of a D-lite flow sensor, and the absence of a high FIO2 (&gt;80%) exposure for more than 10 minutes before Cdyn measurement. In cases where these conditions were not met, additional factors needed to be incorporated into the model. Low (1/9, 2/9, 3/9) and medium (4/9, 5/9) BCS, an orotracheal tube of the predicted size or larger and longer inspiratory times were associated with increased Cdyn. The use of alternative spirometry sensors, including Ped-lite, or prolonged exposure to high FIO2 levels resulted in decreased Cdyn.Conclusion and clinical relevanceEstablishing a reference interval for Cdyn proved challenging. A single reference interval may be misleading or unhelpful in clinical practice. Nevertheless, this study offers valuable insights into the factors affecting Cdyn in healthy anesthetized dogs, which should be considered in clinical assessments.
Isolation and evaluation of multi-functional properties of lactic acid bacteria strains derived from canine milk
Authors: Liu Yunjiang , Zeng Yueyan , Chen Li , Xin Jialiang , Zhong Zhijun , Liu Haifeng , Fu Hualin , Zhou Ziyao , Peng Guangneng 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive bacteria that produce lactic acid during fermentation, with some strains enhancing host health by modulating the gut microbiota, boosting immune responses, and reducing inflammation.MethodsIn this study, 6 LAB strains were isolated from two dog milk samples, and their probiotic properties were comprehensively evaluated. The evaluation included growth properties, stress resistance, antipathogen activity, adhesion activity, safety assessment, antioxidant capacity, and prebiotic metabolites assessment.ResultsIn comparison to the control strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG, all 6 LAB isolates exhibited favorable probiotic properties. Additionally, the results of the antioxidant tests indicated that these strains demonstrated high tolerance to 0.5 mmol/L H2O2 and exhibited significant scavenging abilities for the free radicals 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) and hydroxyl (OH−). Furthermore, the 6 LAB isolates were found to produce elevated concentrations of prebiotic metabolites, including exopolysaccharides (EPS), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and bile salt hydrolase (BSH).DiscussionThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of LAB isolates derived from canine milk. These isolates exhibited multifunctional properties, with strain L221 performing the best overall, making it a promising candidate for probiotic use in dogs.
Система обнаружения и подавления БПЛА, использующих инфраструктуру сотовых операторов для связи и управления
Authors: И.М. Кудрин , И.Г. Афонин 
Published: November 2024

Предлагается система обнаружения и подавления беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА), которая основана на использовании инфраструктуры сотовой связи 4G LTE. Управляемые через сети операторов БПЛА функционируют как стандартные абонентские устройства с SIM-картами, и их сигналы могут быть обнаружены через анализ управляющих каналов LTE (PBCH, PDCCH, PUSCH). Это позволяет выявлять несанкционированные БПЛА, анализируя их взаимодействие с базовыми станциями (БС) сотовой сети. Для локализации БПЛА предлагается использовать методы триангуляции (MLAT) и цифрового формирования луча (digital beamforming). Кроме того, система может подавлять сигнал БПЛА, нарушая обмен данными между БПЛА и БС посредством генерации помех на основе легитимных сигналов.
A system for detecting and suppressing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is proposed, which is based on the use of 4G LTE cellular communications infrastructure. UAVs that are operated through network providers function like standard subscriber devices with SIM cards, and their signals can be detected through the analysis of LTE control channels (PBCH, PDCCH, PUSCH). This approach allows for the detection of unauthorized UAVs by analyzing their interaction with base stations. To localize UAVs, it is proposed to use multilateration (MLAT) and digital beamforming. In addition, the system can disrupt the UAV signal by interfering with the data exchange between the UAV and the base station through legitimate signal jamming.
Методы обнаружения помех при приеме сигналов глобальных навигационных спутниковых систем. Часть I
Authors: К.Ю. Коломенский 
Published: November 2024

Рассмотрены методы обнаружения непреднамеренных и преднамеренных помех глобальным навигационным спутниковым системам (ГНСС). В первой части статьи приводится классификация помех, которые могут воздействовать на аппаратуру ГНСС, и методов их обнаружения. Представлен краткий аналитический обзор общих методов обнаружения непреднамеренных и преднамеренных мешающих воздействий в части блокирующих помех (глушение, jamming) по их энергетическому воздействию на приемник ГНСС, а также по искажению спектральных и статистических характеристик принимаемых сигналов. Анализируются преимущества и недостатки описанных методов.
Methods for detecting unintended and intentional interference to global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are considered. The first part of the article provides a classification of interference that can affect GNSS receivers and methods of their detection. A brief analytical review of general methods for detecting unintended and intentional interference in terms of blocking interference (jamming) is presented based on their energy impact on the GNSS receiver, as well as on the distortion of the spectral and statistical characteristics of the received signals. The advantages and disadvantages of the described methods are analyzed.
Génération d’hypothèses diagnostiques par l’observation engagée des pairs: une étude descriptive quantitative en contexte de simulation clinique
Authors: Benoit Stephanie , Bouchard-Lamothe Diane , Denis-LeBlanc Manon , Burnier Isabelle 
Published: November 2024

Contexte: Dans le cadre des séances de simulation de raisonnement clinique (RC) à la faculté de médecine de l’Université d’Ottawa, les étudiants de pré-externat sont jumelés en dyade afin d’augmenter le nombre de cas cliniques pratiques avant l’externat. Un étudiant joue le rôle du clinicien (EC) et l’autre est observateur (EO) en alternance. Cette étude descriptive quantitative vise à comparer la génération d’hypothèses diagnostiques des EO à celles des EC pour soutenir l’utilité de l’observation engagée des pairs comme stratégie d’apprentissage du RC en contexte de simulation clinique.
Méthodes: Suivant un entretien avec un patient simulé, les EC et les EO ont été invités à générer deux hypothèses diagnostiques dans un formulaire électronique. Les réponses ont été compilées, catégorisées et comparées en termes d’hypothèses diagnostiques équivalentes au sein d’une même dyade. La différence de distribution de fréquences des hypothèses équivalentes a été analysée statistiquement à l’aide d’un calcul du chi-carré.
Résultats: Le pourcentage de dyades avec au moins une hypothèse diagnostique équivalente varie entre 83 à 100% selon le scénario. Le nombre d’hypothèses équivalentes entre les EO et les EC est statistiquement significatif (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Les EO semblent pouvoir générer des hypothèses diagnostiques semblables aux EC. Les résultats soutiennent l’utilisation de l’observation engagée des pairs comme stratégie d’apprentissage du RC en contexte de simulation clinique au pré-externat de médecine
Suboptimal Health Status and Stress: An Observational Study on Medical Students in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Maryam , Masood Sumaira , Arshad Manayal , Eman Maryam , Ali Saad , Ramzan Maryam , Shafique Omer , Ahmad Ali Yar , Nauman Amin 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study was conducted to find the frequency of suboptimal health and its association withperceived stress levels among medical students at a private university medical college in Islamabad, Pakistan.Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Community Medicine,Foundation University Medical College Islamabad, Pakistan over a period of 6 months from February 2024 toJuly 2024.Methods: A total of 210 medical students were randomly selected. They were asked to fill in questionnaires.Data on demographic profile, Suboptimal health status using (SHSQ-25) tool, and stress using the perceivedstress scale (PSS-10) were obtained. SPSS version 20 was used to enter and analyze the data.Results: The frequency of sub-optimal health status was (50%, 105/210). The majority of students (80.0%) hadmoderate levels of perceived stress. Mostly females (82.4%) and day scholars (85.2%) reported moderate levelsof stress. A weak positive correlation between SHS and stress was found. (P<0.005). The hostelites were twiceas likely to have suboptimal health status as compared to day scholars (OR 2.040, CI= 1.157- 3.598). However,males have no more odds of suffering from SHS as compared to females (OR =1.393, CI=0.788-2.463).Conclusion: Suboptimal health status was frequently found among medical students in the study sample.Suboptimal health status and perceived stress have a statistically significant relationship.
How to cite this: Iqbal M, Masood S, Arshad M, Eman M, Ali S, Ramzan M, Shafique O, Ahmad AY, Nauman A, Azam N. Suboptimal Health Status and Stress: An Observational Study On Medical Students in Islamabad, Pakistan. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 439-445. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.470
Food Security Challenges Emanating from COVID-19
Authors: Junejo Shizma , Javaid Quratulain , Lateef Mehreen 
Published: November 2024

Food security is a multidimensional notion and it can be achieved at individual, domestic, regional,countrywide and global levels. This is achieved when all individuals, at all times, have physical and economicaccess to adequate, safe, and nutritious food to fulfill their intake needs and food choices for an active andhealthy life. As a result of COVID-19, global activity has witnessed an exceptional decline. The physicaldistance, school closures, trade restrictions, and country lockdowns for controlling the COVID-19 pandemichave led to escalated nutritional challenges globally. Food insecurity is defined as the persistent concern aboutaccess to sufficient and affordable food at all times. Food insecurity causes stress in people. This review aimedto evaluate the extent of disruption and break in the chain of continuity of food security as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The review perused peculiar causes of food insecurity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemicalong with measures to counter them for the attainment of sufficient food security. This review articlemethodology was inclusive of the utilization of three search engines. These included PubMed, Google as well asGoogle Scholar. The keywords included food security, food chain, challenges as well as COVID-19, and healthoutcomes. Articles were included based on being published from the year 2008-2023. Out of 66 articles, 50were included (75%). The food availability having deteriorated due to the COVID-19 pandemic has affected foodsecurity globally leading to various adverse health outcomes. Also, this has added to the burden of hunger andmalnutrition across the globe. A special focus on agriculture can aid in dealing with the shortage of food. TheCOVID-19 pandemic has culminated in tremendous detrimental repercussions on food security. Food chainimprovement and efficiency can be of pivotal importance in connection with the food security challengeshaving ensued following the COVID-19 pandemic.
How to cite this: Junejo S, Javaid Q, Lateef M. Food Security Challenges Emanating from COVID-19. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 573-. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.574
Antioxidative Effects of Vitamin C on Methotrexate Induced Hepatic Damage in Rat
Authors: Younus Nadia , Kazmi Tayyaba , Askari Ramsha , Ali Asma Basharat , Rasheed Aaqiba , Mukhtar Sahrish , Nangrejo Ruqaya 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aimed to explore the protective effects of vitamin C against Methotrexate inducedbiochemical and histological changes in rats.Study Design: Experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Baqai MedicalUniversity Karachi, Pakistan from June 2017 to July 2018.Methods: This study included 45 adult male albino Wistar rats aged between 10-12 weeks and weighing around180-200g. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group A, received no intervention and was kept onstandard diet for 10 days; Group B, received 20mg/kg intraperitoneal single dose of Methotrexate; Group Creceived 200 mg/kg oral tablets of vitamin C for seven days and 20mg/kg intraperitoneal single dose ofMethotrexate. At the end of the study period, animals were anesthetized with ether, cardiac blood sampleswere collected for enzyme estimation and organs were removed for histopathological examination.Results: Liver sections from Group A demonstrated normal parenchyma with cords of hepatocytes radiatingfrom the central vein with portal triads at the ends of hepatic lobules while Methotrexate treated Group Bshowed severely degenerated architecture along with hemorrhagic parenchyma with dilatation of central vein,and sinusoids. Comparatively, liver sections from Group C displayed less deranged histologic and morphologicchanges. A significant increase in serum levels of AST, ALT and ALP and albumin and reduction in hepatocytecount, increase in hepatocyte diameter and a decrease in hepatocyte nuclear diameter occurred in group B,while above parameters improved in vitamin C protected group C.Conclusion: This study exhibited that the potential biochemical and histological alterations caused byMethotrexate can be attenuated by antioxidant effects of Vitamin C.
How to cite this: Younus N, Kazmi T, Askari R, Ali AB, Rasheed A, Mukhtar S, Nangrejo R. Antioxidative Effects of Vitamin C on Methotrexate Induced Hepatic Damage in Rat. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 521-529. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.626
Bacterial Diversity and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Diabetic Foot Infections, a Tertiary Care Hospital Study
Authors: Hussain Chahat , Farooque Muhammad Abid , Ul ain Qurat , Khan Shafqat Husnain , Younas Asif , E- Huma Zil 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial profile in diabetic footinfections.Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Combined MilitaryHospital (CMH) Lahore, Pakistan from January 2022 to December 2022.Methods: Three hundred and forty-one samples with a history of diabetic foot infections were processed.Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion technique for the commonlyused antibiotics. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute Guidelines (CLSI) 2022 were used to interpret theresult of susceptibility testing.Results: Three hundred and forty-one clinical samples with bacterial isolates causing diabetic foot infectionswere processed. The most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.5%). Gram-positiveisolates where found most susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid while gram negative was most sensitive tomeropenem.Conclusion: In the current study gram-negative bacteria were found to be the main pathogens. Effectiveantibiotic therapy based on microbiological profiles will definitely improve clinical outcomes.
How to cite this: Hussain C, Farooque MA, Ain Q, Khan SH, Younas A, Huma Z. Bacterial Diversity and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Diabetic Foot Infections, a Tertiary Care Hospital Study. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 433-438. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.633
Pattern of Etiologies of Early Neonatal Mortality in Tertiary Care Hospital, Peshawar
Authors: Muhammad Lal , Pervaiz Hina , Khan Afzal , Beland Bakhat , Ullah Inayat 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To identify the pattern of etiologies responsible for the early neonatal mortality in neonatesadmitted in the neonatal intensive care unit.Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Neonatal Intensive Care, Lady Reading Hospital,Medical Teaching Institute Peshawar, Pakistan from September 2023 to January 2024.Methods: Data was collected for both groups according to sample size and parents were interviewed throughSemi semi-structured questionnaire at the time of expiry. Through SPPS 27, data analysis was performed forquantitative and qualitative variables. Chi-square test was performed and then Binary logistic regression wasperformed taking outcome as the dependent variable.Results: The estimated neonatal mortality for our study was 25.5%. The mean age at the time of admission was2.69 days±1.75. Overall females were 19.2% and male neonates were 80.8%. Neonatal mortality was significantly associated with the age of the mother, mode of delivery, sepsis, preceding birth interval in months,antenatal clinic visits in pregnancy, mother's education, father's education, and wealth index. The age of themother had a significant relation with neonatal mortality age <16 years caused 9.9 times higher mortality whencompared with the reference category. Considering the antenatal visits during pregnancy, no antenatal visit is4.5 times more associated with mortality. Similarly, maternal illiteracy had a significant impact on mortalitywith an odds ratio of 3.6. The short preceding birth interval was significantly associated with neonatal mortalitywith an odds ratio of 2.8 on multivariate analysis.Conclusion: The findings of this research depict an association between early neonatal mortality and variousfactors including the mother's age, preceding birth interval, antenatal clinic visits during pregnancy, mother'sand father's education, and wealth index of the family.
How to cite this: Muhammad L, Parvaiz H, Khan A, Beland B, Ullah I. Pattern of Etiologies of Early Neonatal Mortality in Tertiary Care Hospital, Peshawar. Life and Science. 2024; 5(4): 565-572. doi: http://doi.org/10.37185/LnS.1.1.699