bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trypanosoma cruzi biochemical changes and cell death induced by an organometallic platinum‐based compound
Authors: Mosquillo M. Florencia , Bilbao Lucía , Hernández Fabricio , Tissot Florencia , Gambino Dinorah , Garat Beatriz , Pérez‐Díaz Leticia 
Published: May 2018

Chagas disease is an endemic illness in Latin America caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Current chemotherapies are old and inadequate, and the emergence of drug‐resistant strains underscores the need of new drugs. Platinum‐based complexes have been shown to be a promising approach against parasitic diseases. In this work, the effect of 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene pyridine‐2‐thiolate‐1‐oxide Pt(II) hexafluorophosphate, Pt‐dppf‐mpo, was studied on T. cruzi. A promising antitrypanosomal activity was determined for the CL Brener strain with a low cytotoxicity determined using in vitro‐cultured mammal cells. The compound uptake in parasites treated with concentrations of 1× and 10× the IC50 value reached ~75% and 19%, respectively. Pt‐dppf‐mpo induced necrosis after 24 hr of parasite incubation. This event was preceded by depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Cell vitality assays showed high esterase activity in treated parasites. However, despite this increase in metabolic activity, treated epimastigotes showed rounded morphology and loss of flagellum with a reduction in mobility as compound concentration and/or time of incubation was increased. At last, we demonstrate that Pt‐dppf‐mpo incubation also affects the trypomastigote infection process as well as the infection persistence evaluated as the number of amastigotes per cell in a dose‐dependent manner.
BCL-2 levels do not predict azathioprine treatment response in inflammatory bowel disease, but inhibition induces lymphocyte apoptosis and ameliorates colitis in mice
Authors: Weder B , Mozaffari M , Biedermann L , Mamie C , Moncsek A , Wang L , Clarke S H , Rogler G , McRae B L , Graff C L , Ruiz P A , Hausmann M 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inflammation is sustained by an exaggerated response of lymphocytes. This results from enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic B cell lymphoma (BCL-2) and BCL-XL associated with a diminished turnover. Azathioprine (AZA) directly targets BCL-2 family-mediated apoptosis. We investigated whether the BCL-2 family expression pattern could be used to predict treatment response to AZA and determined whether BCL-2 inhibitor A-1211212 effectively diminishes lymphocytes and ameliorates inflammation in a model of colitis. BCL-2 family expression pattern was determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS). BCL-2 inhibitor was administered orally to Il10-/- mice. Haematological analyses were performed with an ADVIA 2120 and changes in immune cells were investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). We determined similar expression levels of BCL-2 family members in patients with remission and patients refractory to treatment, showing that BCL-2 family expression can not predict AZA treatment response. Expression was not correlated with the modified Truelove and Witts activity index (MTWAI). BCL-2 inhibitor initiated cell death in T cells from patients refractory to AZA and reduced lymphocyte count in Il10-/- mice. FACS revealed diminished CD8+ T cells upon BCL-2 inhibitor in Il10-/- mice without influencing platelets. Tnf, Il1β, IfnƔ and Mcp-1 were decreased upon BCL-2 inhibitor. A-1211212 positively altered the colonic mucosa and ameliorated inflammation in mice. Pro-apoptotic BCL-2 inhibitor A-1211212 diminishes lymphocytes and ameliorates colitis in Il10-/- mice without inducing thrombocytopenia. BCL-2 inhibition could be a new therapy option for patients refractory to AZA.
Predator size divergence depends on community context
Authors: Okuzaki Yutaka , Sota Teiji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBody size is a multi‐functional trait related to various fitness components, but the relative importance of different selection pressures is seldom resolved. InCarabus japonicusbeetles, of which the larvae exclusively prey on earthworms, adult body size is related to the presence/absence of a larger congener and habitat temperature. In sympatry,C. japonicusconsistently exhibits smaller body size which is effective for avoiding interspecific mating, but in allopatry, it shows size variation unrelated to temperature. Here, we show that this predator–size variation is attributed to prey–size variation, associated with high phylogenetic diversity in earthworm communities. In allopatry, the predator size was larger where larger prey occurred. Larger adult size may have been selected because larger females produce larger larvae, which can subdue larger prey. Thus, in the absence of a larger congener, variation in prey body size had a pronounced effect on geographic body size divergence inC. japonicus.
Microstructure evolution in flow formed IN 718 products and subsequent fatigue crack growth properties
Authors: Bache M.R. , Coleman C. , Coleman M.P. , Gray V. , Boettcher C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith the drive towards cost‐effective routes for the manufacture of engineering components, flow forming technologies are now under consideration for the production of structural axisymmetric geometries such as tubes and cones. This near net shape process is known to offer improvements in material utilisation when compared with traditional processes where substantial final machining is required. The microstructure, evolved as a result of the flow forming process together with subsequent heat treatments, will govern associated mechanical properties. Laboratory measurements of the structure‐property relationships of flow formed material can be problematic, mainly because of the restrictions imposed on the extraction of conventional specimen geometries since most of the finished tubular or cone structures will contain thin and curved walls. The development of a suitable specimen design and associated test technique for the measurement of fatigue crack growth rates at room and elevated temperatures is presented. Data obtained from flow formed Inconel 718 (IN 718) will be compared with specimens of the exact same geometry but machined from conventionally forged IN 718 stock. This allowed for validation of the novel flow formed test in addition to an assessment of the damage tolerance of the flow formed variant. The intimate relationship between local microstructure and fracture mechanisms will be described.
Effect of microstructural features on the failure behavior of hybrid laser welded AA7020
Authors: Hu Y.N. , Wu S.C. , Song Z. , Fu Y.N. , Yuan Q.X. , Zhang L.L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDetailed investigations of microstructural feature, mechanical property, fatigue strength, and damage mechanism were conducted on hybrid laser welded 7020‐T651 aluminum alloys used into high‐speed railway vehicles. The results show that the hybrid laser welding process can induce significant changes of microstructures and alloying elements, together with numerous gas pores. Such local modifications degrade the fatigue performance. The tensile strength of welded joints was approximately 74% with respect to the base metal, thus satisfying the design standard. The fatigue property was determined in the low and high cycle regimes. It was found that the fatigue strength of welded joints was fairly inferior to that of the base metal, but far higher than the IIW recommended value. Furthermore, welding defects were well believed to contribute to the shorter fatigue life. The small fatigue crack growth presented highly discontinuous and inhomogeneous due to microstructure and porosity. By contrast, the crack stable growth stage was less sensitive to microstructural features of hybrid welded joints.
Research on Fathers in the Military Context: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Karre Jennifer K. , Perkins Daniel F. , Aronson Keith R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFathering in the military context has been studied for decades. The general approach to this research has mirrored the way in which civilian fathering was studied, with an original emphasis on the deficiencies among fathers as parents, eventually giving way to examining the benefits of father involvement. Largely in the past decade, research has begun to examine the strengths of military fathers and how they can thrive as parents even as they live in a challenging work context. This review examines the literature on fathering in the military. In addition, the article encourages future research on military fathers to use more of a strengths‐based approach. Moreover, virtually nothing is known about civilian fathers who coparent with a service member. Future research should address this gap in understanding the full range of military family formations.
Relational Dialectics Theory: A New Approach for Military and Veteran‐Connected Family Research
Authors: Sahlstein Parcell Erin , Baker Benjamin M. A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMilitary and veteran‐connected family scholarship focusing on transitions has a lengthy history across disciplines. Much of this research involves normative military families (i.e., a service member husband and civilian wife with biological children); however, military families are diverse, due in part to societal and military policy changes (e.g., marriage equality; repeal of “don't ask, don't tell”). Although theories used in the past might still apply, we argue that critical theories are useful, even necessary, for studying the experiences of normative and nonnormative military families (e.g., those with same gender spouses or parents, stepfamilies), as both are nontraditional relative to their civilian counterparts. We share an approach developed within communication, relational dialectics theory (RDT), that focuses on power from a critical perspective and offers ideas for potential positive social change. RDT also provides contrapuntal analysis, a method ideal for studying relational turning points and transitional periods of military and veteran‐connected families.
Using Base Rate of Low Scores to Identify Progression from Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Oltra‐Cucarella Javier , Sánchez‐SanSegundo Miriam , Lipnicki Darren M , Sachdev Perminder S , Crawford John D , Pérez‐Vicente José A , Cabello‐Rodríguez Luis , Ferrer‐Cascales Rosario ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the implications of obtaining one or more low scores on a battery of cognitive tests on diagnosing mild cognitive impairment (MCI).DESIGNObservational longitudinal study.SETTINGAlzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.PARTICIPANTSNormal controls (NC, n = 280) and participants with MCI (n = 415) according to Petersen criteria were reclassified using the Jak/Bondi criteria and number of impaired tests (NIT) criteria.MEASUREMENTSDiagnostic statistics and hazard ratios of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) were compared according to diagnostic criteria.RESULTSThe NIT criteria were a better predictor of progression to AD than the Petersen or Jak/Bondi criteria, with optimal sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value.CONCLUSIONConsidering normal variability in cognitive test performance when diagnosing MCI may help identify individuals at greatest risk of progression to AD with greater certainty.
Association between dietary carbohydrate quality and the prevalence of obesity and hypertension
Authors: Kim D.‐Y. , Kim S. H. , Lim H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundDietary carbohydrate quality may play an important role in disease development. We evaluated the association between carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders among adults in South Korea.MethodsWe analysed 12 027 adults aged 19–64 years from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). CQI was based on four criteria: crude fibre intake, dietary glycaemic index (DGI), whole grains/total grains ratio and solid carbohydrates/total carbohydrates ratio.ResultsParticipants with a lower CQI were younger, had a lower income and were more likely to be smokers and to drink alcohol. The highest quintile CQI group showed the lowest DGI and the lowest consumption of liquid carbohydrates and refined grains, as well as the highest consumption of solid carbohydrates, crude fibre and whole grains (P < 0.05). A higher CQI was negatively associated with the prevalence of obesity (odds ratio = 0.83; 95% confidence interval = 0.69–0.99) and hypertension (odds ratio = 0.78; 95% confidence interval = 0.61–0.99) but was not associated with other metabolic disorders.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the quality of carbohydrates consumed is associated with the risk of obesity and hypertension. However, the cross‐sectional design does not preclude reverse causality.
miR‐4725‐3p targeting stromal interacting molecule 1 signaling is involved in xanthohumol inhibition of glioma cell invasion
Authors: Ho Kuo‐Hao , Chang Cheng‐Kuei , Chen Peng‐Hsu , Wang Yu‐Jia , Chang Wei‐Chiao , Chen Ku‐Chung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme is the most common brain tumor in adults. Because of its highly invasive nature, it is not easy to treat, resulting in high mortality rates. Stromal interacting molecule 1 (Stim1) plays important roles in regulating store‐operated Ca2+ entry, and controls invasion by cancer cells. However, the mechanisms and functions of Stim1 in glioma progression are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of targeting Stim1 expression on glioma cell invasion. By analyzing profiles of glioblastoma multiforme patients from RNA‐sequencing data in The Cancer Genome Atlas, higher expression levels of STIM1 were correlated with the poor survival. Furthermore, signaling pathways associated with tumor malignancy, including the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), were activated in patients with high STIM1 expression according to gene set enrichment analyses. Higher Stim1 levels were found in glioma cells compared to human astrocytes, and these higher levels enhanced glioma cell invasion. Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid extracted from the hop plant Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae), significantly reduced cell invasion through inhibiting Stim1 expression. From an micro(mi)RNA array analysis, miR‐4725‐3p was up‐regulated by XN treatment. Over‐expression of miR‐4725‐3p inhibited glioma cell invasion via directly targeting the 3′‐untranslated region of STIM1. The extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/c‐Fos pathway was also validated to participate in XN‐up‐regulated miR‐4725‐3p expression according to promoter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. These results emphasize that miR‐4725‐3p‐inhibited STIM1 signaling is involved in XN‐attenuated glioma cell invasion. These findings may provide insights into novel therapeutic strategies for future glioblastoma therapy and drug development.Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/
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Early development of the human dentition revisited
Authors: Hovorakova Maria , Lesot Herve , Peterka Miroslav , Peterkova Renata 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this review, classical data on the early steps in human odontogenesis are summarized and updated with specific insights into the development of the upper and lower embryonic jaws to help in understanding some oral pathologies. The initial step of human odontogenesis is classically characterized by two parallel horseshoe‐shaped epithelial laminae. These originate from the oral epithelium and an ingrowth into the jaw mesenchyme: the internal dental lamina gives rise to deciduous tooth primordia, while the external vestibular lamina represents the developmental base of the oral vestibule. However, a more complex situation was revealed by recent studies combining analyses of the dental and adjacent oral epithelia on histological sections and computer‐aided three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions during the 2nd month of human embryonic development. The dental epithelium forms a mound, where swellings appear later, corresponding to the individual primordia of deciduous teeth. External to the developing deciduous dentition, the 3D reconstructions do not show any continuous vestibular lamina but instead a complex of discontinuous epithelial bulges and ridges. The patterns of these epithelial structures and their relationship to the dental epithelium differ not only between the upper and lower jaws but also between the lip and cheek segments in each jaw. Knowledge of early odontogenesis may help in understanding some oral pathologies. For example, the human lateral incisor has a dual origin: it arises in the area of fusion between the medial nasal and maxillary facial processes and involves material from these two regions. Such a dual origin at the site of fusion of facial processes represents a predisposition to developmental vulnerability for the upper lateral incisor, resulting in its frequent anomalies (absence, hypoplasia, duplication), especially in patients with a cleft lip and/or jaw. Other pathologies, such as a minute supernumerary tooth, desmoplastic ameloblastoma or extraosseous odontogenic cysts are located external to the upper or lower dentition, and might be derived from structures that transiently appear during early development of the oral vestibule in humans.
Human neural stem cells dispersed in artificial ECM form cerebral organoids when graftedin vivo
Authors: Basuodan Reem , Basu Anna P. , Clowry Gavin J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHuman neural stem cells (hNSC) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into neurons that could be used for transplantation to repair brain injury. In this study we dispersed suchhNSCin a three‐dimensional artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) and compared their differentiationin vitroand following grafting into the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of postnatal day (P)14 rat pups lesioned by localised injection of endothelin‐1 at P12. After 10–43 days ofin vitrodifferentiation, a few cells remained asPAX6+neuroprogenitors but many more resembled post‐mitotic neurons expressing doublecortin, β‐tubulin andMAP2. These cells remained dispersed throughout theECM, but with extended long processes for over 50 μm.In vivo, by 1 month post grafting, cells expressing human specific markers instead organised into cerebral organoids: columns of tightly packedPAX6 co‐expressing progenitor cells arranged around small tubular lumen in rosettes, with a looser network of cells with processes around the outside co‐expressing markers of immature neurons including doublecortin, andCTIP2 characteristic of corticofugal neurons. Host cells also invaded the graft including microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells forming blood vessels. By 10 weeks post‐grafting, the organoids had disappeared and theaECMhad started to break down with fewer transplanted cells remaining.In vitro, cerebral organoids form in rotating incubators that force oxygen and nutrients to the centre of the structures. We have shown that cerebral organoids can formin vivo; intrinsic factors may direct their organisation including infiltration by host blood vessels.
Antioxidant properties evaluation of topical astaxanthin formulations as anti‐aging products
Authors: Eren Bilge , Tuncay Tanrıverdi Sakine , Aydın Köse Fadime , Özer Özgen 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe reactive oxygen species lead to skin aging via oxidative damage that are induced by UV radiation. Therefore, topical formulations which have antioxidant effect could reduce aging level. Astaxanthin is an antioxidant substance.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity potential of the astaxanthin‐loaded gel formulations.MethodsAstaxanthin‐loaded oleoresin and algae extract were used as natural active materials. The lipogel and hydrogel of these natural materials were prepared as anti‐aging formulations. The formulations were characterized via parameters such as, pH, rheological analysis, mechanical properties, and stability. And also in vitro release experiments of the formulations were carried out. The antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity test were performed.ResultsThe results of characterization studies confirmed the formulations suitable for topical application. After 24 hours, 99 μg, 88.3 μg, 403 μg, and 234.8 μg of astaxanthin released through oleoresin lipogel, oleoresin hydrogel, algae extract lipogel, and algae extract hydrogel, respectively. It was found by the cytotoxicity tests that astaxanthin is more proliferative in lipogel formulations compared to hydrogel formulations. And finally, the highest antioxidant activity was found in the algae extract hydrogel and algae extract lipogel formulation, respectively (P < .05).ConclusionsTopical formulations of astaxanthin‐loaded oleoresin and algae extract were prepared successfully. At the same time, according to antioxidant activity and release studies, algae extract loaded could be suggested as topical anti‐aging formulations.
Evaluation of cytotoxic, immunomodulatory and antibacterial activities of aqueous extract from leaves of Conocarpus erectus Linnaeus (Combretaceae)
Authors: Santos Dayane Kelly Dias do Nascimento , de Almeida Vanessa Silva , de Araujo Daniel Rodrigo Cavalcante , Harand Wolfgang , Soares Ana Karine de Araújo , Moreira Leyllane Rafael , de Lorena Virgínia Maria Barros , Magalhães Lucimeri Paulino Machado , Ximenes Rafael Matos , de Sena Kêsia Xisto da Fonseca Ribeiro , de Melo Cristiane Moutinho Lagos , Napoleão Thiago Henrique , Lima Cláudia Sampaio de Andrade , Yara Ricardo , Vieira Jeymesson Raphael Cardoso 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objectives
This work evaluated the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory effect on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) promoted by aqueous extract from Conocarpus erectus leaves (AELCe).

Methods
The extract was characterized by thin layer chromatography and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Cytotoxicity of AELCe (6.25–50 μg/ml) was investigated using annexin V and propidium iodide. Cytokine and nitric oxide levels in PBMCs culture supernatants exposed or not to AELCe (12.5 μg/ml) were determined, and antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods.

Key findings
AELCe contained 3′,4′-OH flavonoids, phenylpropanoglycosides, saponins, polymeric proanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins. Moreover, 10 other compounds were identified through UPLC-MS technique. AELCe did not affect lymphocyte viability at 6.25 and 12.5 μg/ml. IL-2, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ and nitric oxide was produced in higher levels by cells treated with AELCe. Proliferation and activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes were also stimulated. AELCe showed bacteriostatic activity against clinical and antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC between 250 and 1000 μg/ml).

Conclusions
AELCe showed a moderate bacteriostatic activity and promoted an immunomodulatory status through higher production of Th1 cytokines, nitric oxide release and T CD8+ lymphocytes stimulation.