bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Calibration and Data Reduction of Multihole Probes
Authors: Mirhashemi Arman , Juangphanich Paht , Miki Kenji 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This work presents procedures for implementing machine learning methods into existing algorithms for multihole probe calibration and data reduction. It demonstrates that using artificial neural networks (ANNs) can decrease the amount of calibration data needed to achieve a specific calibration uncertainty by over 50%, while also significantly reducing data reduction times. Instead of surface fitting methods, ANNs are employed. Initially, directional calibration coefficients related to flow angles are computed based on pressure measurements, and then these flow angles serve as input parameters for subsequent ANNs to iteratively define Mach number, static pressure, and total pressure. In an alternative approach, new calibration coefficients directly relate pressure measurements from the five-hole probe to the quantities of interest, thereby eliminating the need for iterative algorithms used in conventional surface fitting methods. This method offers several advantages: an average increase of less than 1% in calibration uncertainty for flow angles and a significant reduction in data reduction times to a few seconds on average. Additionally, the methodology is confirmed to avoid both overfitting and underfitting.
Targeting Full-Hydrogen Operation on Industrial-Scale Gas Turbines: Impact of Unconventional Fuels on Turbine Module Performance and Aeromechanics
Authors: Bandini Alberto , Bettini Claudio , Peruzzi Lorenzo , Carretta Mauro , Canelli Claudio , Marconcini Michele , Pinelli Lorenzo , Arnone Andrea 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the trend to full decarbonization, a full hydrogen economy development is a key industrial objective. Gas turbines, currently one of the cleanest fossil fuel-based power generation solutions, provide reliable and on-demand power. The introduction of hydrogen into the fuel mix of existing gas turbines represents a solution with great potential to provide low-carbon or even carbon-free energy. High-hydrogen content fuels, however, challenge the efficient operation of the gas turbine expander, as crucial aspects such as increased flow rate, different gas properties and temperature operating range may affect performance and structural integrity. To evaluate the impact of this conversion, a numerical investigation of five cases with increasing percentages of hydrogen in the fuel was carried out for an industrial four stages gas turbine module. The variation of turbine inlet temperature distribution from combustion chamber was considered, to assess the impact of the unconventional fuel on the well-known aeromechanical behavior of the last stage blades. Variations in capacity, efficiency, power and potential limits due to aeroelasticity were evaluated, identifying the most relevant differences with respect to the full methane case. All these analyses confirm the possibility to employ high-hydrogen fuel operation in a current gas turbine without the need of a further redesign, while maintaining acceptable performance levels.
Research-Grade Accelerometers to Assess Intervention Effectiveness and Commercial Wearables as a Self-Monitoring Tool: Are the Two Aligned on Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity?
Authors: Maylor Benjamin D. , Rowlands Alex V. , Daley Amanda , Sanders James P. , Yates Tom , Edwardson Charlotte L. 
Published: November 2024

There is limited evidence about how comparable commercial monitors and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) cut-points frequently used with research-grade accelerometers are in estimating time spent in MVPA when both are worn on the wrist. We used data from 14 adults (57.3 years) who concurrently wore Fitbit (Versa 2) and Axivity (AX3) monitors to assess comparability between the Fitbit and Axivity data, aggregated to 5-s and 60-s epochs, for time spent in daily MVPA and MVPA in bouts of ≥1 – <2 min, ≥2 – <5 min, and ≥5 min. The Fitbit provided higher estimates of total daily MVPA (93.8 ± 66.3 min/day) compared with Axivity-assessed MVPA derived from either 5-s (59.2 ± 37.3 min/day) or 60-s (47.4 ± 36.2 min/day) epochs. The number and duration of MVPA bouts were also higher from Fitbit compared with Axivity (5-s and 60-s epochs). Intraclass correlation coefficients showed moderate to good reliability between MVPA assessed by the Fitbit and Axivity devices (5 s and 60 s). Bland–Altman analysis suggested proportional bias between the Fitbit and Axivity outcomes with wide limits of agreement. No MVPA outcomes were within the 10% equivalency zone. Researchers utilizing the Fitbit as a self-monitoring tool within an intervention should be aware of the potential misalignment with the research-grade accelerometer used to evaluate intervention effectiveness. Feedback from a Fitbit may inform participants they have achieved the required MVPA, while outcomes from the research-grade device may classify them as not meeting their target.
Nomenclature for human and animal fungal pathogens and diseases: a proposal for standardized terminology
Authors: de Hoog Sybren , Walsh Thomas J. , Ahmed Sarah A. , Alastruey-Izquierdo Ana , Arendrup Maiken Cavling , Borman Andrew , Chen Sharon , Chowdhary Anuradha , Colgrove Robert C. , Cornely Oliver A. , Denning David W. , Dufresne Philippe J. , Filkins Laura , Gangneux Jean-Pierre , Gené Josepa , Groll Andreas H. , Guillot Jaques , Haase Gerhard , Halliday Catriona , Hawksworth David L. , Hay Roderick , Hoenigl Martin , Hubka Vit , Jagielski Tomasz , Kandemir Hazal , Kidd Sarah E. , Kus Julianne V. , Kwon-Chung June , Lockhart Shawn R. , Meis Jacques F. , Mendoza Leonel , Meyer Wieland , Nguyen M. Hong , Song Yinggai , Sorrell Tania C. , Stielow J. Benjamin , Vilela Rachel , Vitale Roxana G. , Wengenack Nancy L. , White P. Lewis , Ostrosky-Zeichner Luis , Zhang Sean X. ,   on behalf of the ISHAM/ECMM/FDLC Working Group Nomenclature of Clinical Fungi
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Medically important pathogenic fungi invade vertebrate tissue and are considered primary when part of their nature life cycle is associated with an animal host and are usually able to infect immunocompetent hosts. Opportunistic fungal pathogens complete their life cycle in environmental habitats or occur as commensals within or on the vertebrate body, but under certain conditions can thrive upon infecting humans. The extent of host damage in opportunistic infections largely depends on the portal and modality of entry as well as on the host’s immune and metabolic status. Diseases caused by primary pathogens and common opportunists, causing the top approximately 80% of fungal diseases [D. W. Denning, Lancet Infect Dis, 24:e428–e438, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00692-8
], tend to follow a predictive pattern, while those by occasional opportunists are more variable. For this reason, it is recommended that diseases caused by primary pathogens and the common opportunists are named after the etiologic agent, for example, histoplasmosis and aspergillosis, while this should not be done for occasional opportunists that should be named as [causative fungus] [clinical syndrome], for example,
Alternaria alternata
cutaneous infection. The addition of a descriptor that identifies the location or clinical type of infection is required, as the general name alone may cover widely different clinical syndromes, for example, “rhinocerebral mucormycosis.” A list of major recommended human and animal disease entities (nomenclature) is provided in alignment with their causative agents. Fungal disease names may encompass several genera of etiologic agents, consequently being less susceptible to taxonomic changes of the causative species, for example, mucormycosis covers numerous mucormycetous molds.
A model of proximate protection against pathogenic infection through shared immunity
Authors: Nixon Douglas F. , Kyza-Karavioti Margarita , Mallick Sreeradha , Daley Lillia , Hupert Nathaniel , Bachtel Nathaniel D. , Eleftherianos Ioannis 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Drosophila melanogaster
exhibits innate immune priming, a mechanism leading to protection upon repeated challenge with a given pathogen. However, whether immunological priming can be propagated from a challenged host to naive bystanders is unknown. Here, we show that priming half a vial of
D. melanogaster
adult flies with non-pathogenic
Escherichia coli
bacteria leads to protection of the whole vial from a lethal dose of the insect pathogen,
Photorhabdus luminescens
. The protective effect observed in these bystander flies was similar in magnitude to that of the
E. coli
primed hosts themselves but did not require transfer of
E. coli
to occur. This work broadens the scope of how immunological priming can occur and suggests that infected hosts can produce signals that influence immunity in their neighbors, leading to a shared immune collective.

IMPORTANCE
Here, we have introduced the new concept of shared immunity and priming by proximity. These findings are of particular significance because they indicate that the presence of compromised hosts can increase the response to the pathogenic challenge of healthy individuals that cohabitate within close distance. This shared immunity may involve proximate boosting of the host’s immune defenses via the sensing of specific chemical, behavioral, or microbial signals. Determining the breadth, mechanistic basis, and translatability of these findings has the potential to transform biomedical research and public health.
Activities of Energy and Carbohydrate Metabolism Enzymes in Rainbow Trout Оncorhynchus mykiss Walb. upon Introduction of 24-hour Lighting in Aquaculture in Southern Russia
Authors: Rodin M. A. , Kuznetsova M. V. , Krupnova M. Yu. , Kuritsyn A. E. , Nemova N. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Activities of energy and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (cytochrome c oxidase (COX), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glycerol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (G1PDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aldolase) were studied in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb. fish grown in aquaculture in North Ossetia–Alania after introducing a regime with 24-h lighting and night feeding. COX and PK activities in the liver of fish from the experimental group were found to be significantly higher than in control fish, indicating an increase in aerobic ATP synthesis. Aldolase activity in organs of fish grown with 24-h lighting was lower than in the control fish, indicating a decrease in carbohydrate utilization in glycolysis in muscles and a lower intensity of gluconeogenesis in the liver. The differences made it possible to assume that the introduction of 24-h lighting and night feeding changed energy and carbohydrate metabolism to facilitate biosynthetic processes and, therefore, weight gain in fish.
Lipid Accumulation Product as a Predictor of Prediabetes and Diabetes: Insights From NHANES Data (1999–2018)
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Xiaolan , Zeng Ling 
Published: November 2024

Background: The study investigates the association between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes. LAP, a measure indicating lipid overaccumulation, is hypothesized to be a significant predictor for these conditions. This research utilizes data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2018.Methods: The study followed a structured methodology, starting with data extraction from the NHANES database. Participants’ eligibility was determined based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a final sample size of 24,121 individuals. LAP was calculated using established formulas for men and women. The diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes was based on standard medical criteria, including HbA1c levels, fasting plasma glucose, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. Covariates like demographic variables, lifestyle factors, and other health indicators were also considered. Statistical analysis involved categorizing LAP into quartiles and employing logistic regression models to examine the relationship between LAP and the risk of prediabetes and diabetes.Results: Participants in the highest LAP quartile exhibited distinct characteristics: older age, lower education levels, more former smokers and drinkers, higher blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and greater use of medications. A positive association was observed between LAP and the incidence of prediabetes and diabetes across all models. Specifically, each 10‐unit increase in LAP was linked to a 22% increase in risk. Nonlinear relationships were also explored, revealing an inflection point in the risk correlation at an LAP value of 68.1.Conclusion: The study concludes that LAP is a significant predictor of prediabetes and diabetes risk, with higher LAP levels correlating with increased risk. This finding underscores the potential of LAP as a useful marker in identifying individuals at higher risk for these conditions. It also highlights the importance of considering LAP in preventive health strategies.
Abstract 4119554: Septal Thickness has a Variable Effect on Shock Incidence Rate by ICD Indication in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
Authors: O'Shea Michael , Ravi Srekar , Baqal Omar , Fatunde Bade , Alsidawi Said 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy. People with HCM are at risk of cardiac arrest. ACC/AHA guideline-supported indications for ICD placement include cardiac arrest or VT, family history of sudden cardiac death in a close relative ≤50, massive septal hypertrophy (MSH - septal thickness ≥30mm), apical pouch, and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT).

Methods:
People attending any Mayo Clinic site on > 1 occasion who underwent ICD placement for HCM who had documented cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) results were included in the study from time of ICD placement to last device interrogation. Outcome was incidence rate of first appropriate shock. Multivariable cox regression was used to examine the association between septal thickness and shock rate, controlling for current age, sex and secondary vs primary prevention device. An interaction term for association between septal thickness and each ICD indication in turn was incorporated into regression, and stratum specific estimates produced using linear computation.

Results:
326 people were included in the study, of whom 50 experienced at least one appropriate ICD shock over 1,487.95 person years (incidence rate 3.36 per 100 person years, NNT 29.76 per year). MSH was strongly associated with shock rate (HR 2.29 [1.19 to 4.40], p=0.013).

In people without MSH, there was a 50% reduction in shocks where a subjective measure (syncope or family history of sudden cardiac death) was present (table 1). In this cohort, NSVT resulted in a threefold increase in incidence of shock (HR 3.15 [1.446 to 6.47], p=0.003).
In the presence of MSH, there was a four-fold increase in shock rate in people who underwent ICD insertion for family history of sudden cardiac death or for syncope (table 2). There was no difference in shock rates in people with NSVT prior to ICD placement based on septal thickness (HR 0.76 [0.21 to 2.74], p=0.679).
There was strong evidence of interaction between NSVT and MSH on shock rates (LR χ2 =6.94, p=0.008), such that presence of both risk factors did not increase shock rate. Concurrent presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) >15% on CMR and MSH was associated with a significant increase in shock rate (3.58 [1.43 to 8.98], p=0.006).

Conclusion:
MSH is a helpful indicator of who will benefit from ICD placement among people with a pre-existing indication for a device, particularly among those with a more subjective indication for a device.
Abstract 4146302: NETosis Attenuating Nanoprobe Improves Survival after Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Chen Howard , Boukhalfa Asma , Hayashida Kei , Miyazaki Yusuke , Pal Rahul , Yuan Hushan , Kumar Anand , Ichinose Fumito , Sosnovik David 
Published: November 2024

NETosis, the process of neutrophil cell death due to the formation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart disease. NETs are composed of immunogenic DNA fragments and citrullinated histones. The role of NETosis in the context of cardiac arrest and resuscitation (CA/R) is however unknown. We previously reported the development of a Dextran-Thiazole Orange (DTO) nanoprobe, with nanomolar affinity for nucleic acids, that exerts acute anti-inflammatory effects and reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. We aimed here to determine whether the DTO nanoprobe would also bind to the nucleic acid in NETS, whether DTO could attenuate the intensity of NETosis, and whether this would improve outcomes and survival after cardiac arrest.
C57Bl6 mice were arrested for 8 minutes before resuscitation. DTO or unmodified dextran (vehicle control) was injected at the time of resuscitation, and again 4 hours later (n=38 mice). Survival and neurological function were scored daily. Time-domain resolved (lifetime) and conventional fluorescence imaging was performed at 4 hours after resuscitation in 6 additional mice injected with DTO. NETosis was evaluated by protein blot in the hearts of cardiac arrest mice injected with DTO or control.
DTO significantly (p<0.05) improved 10-day survival (Fig. A), mean survival (from 4 to 7 days, Fig. B), and neurological function (Fig. C) following CA/R. Lifetime imaging (Fig. D), but not conventional fluorescence imaging (Fig. E) revealed the presence of DTO in the injured heart, liver and kidneys. In the heart, DTO signal was significantly increased in CA/R compared to sham mice injected with DTO or CA/R mice injected with control dextran (Fig. F). Citrullinated H3 and HMGB-1 (High mobility group box 1, a chromatin protein) were both upregulated in CA/R, and were significantly attenuated by DTO injection (Fig. G-I).
We show for the first time that NETosis plays a key role in cardiac arrest and resuscitation. DTO is capable of detecting NETosis as well as attenuating it, likely via a reduction in HMGB-1 activity. The modulation of NETosis may provide a new avenue to improve survival after cardiac arrest.
Sex Differences in Protein Biomarkers and Measures of Fat Distribution
Authors: Ramirez Mariana F. , Pan Abigail S. , Parekh Juhi K. , Owunna Ndidi , Courchesne Paul , Larson Martin G. , Levy Daniel , Murabito Joanne M. , Ho Jennifer E. , Lau Emily S. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Sex differences in obesity and fat distribution may in part explain differences in cardiovascular risk in men versus women. We sought to examine sex differences in the associations of obesity and adiposity measures with cardiovascular disease–related protein biomarkers.

Methods and Results

In a cross‐sectional observational cohort study, we examined whether the association of obesity (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference) and adiposity measures (visceral adipose tissue) with biomarkers demonstrates effect modification by sex using multiplicative interaction terms in multivariable linear regression models. Among 3143 participants (mean age, 50 years; 49% women), sex modified the association of BMI, waist circumference, and visceral adipose tissue with cardiovascular disease–related protein biomarkers (7 for BMI, 3 for waist circumference, and 23 for visceral adipose tissue, false discovery rate [FDR]‐q
int
<0.05 for all). For example, higher BMI was associated with lower α
1
‐microglobulin levels in men but not in women (ß, −0.113; SE, 0.028;
P
<0.001 in men versus ß, −0.007; SE, 0.024;
P
=0.78 in women). By contrast, higher BMI was associated with higher adipsin levels in men and women, but the association was more pronounced in women (ß, 0.287; SE, 0.023;
P
<0.001 in women versus ß, 0.189; SE, 0.026;
P
<0.001 in men). The associations of higher visceral adipose tissue with biomarkers representing adiposity, inflammation, and fibrosis were more pronounced in women versus men.

Conclusions
We found that sex modified the associations of obesity and adipose traits with cardiovascular risk ascertained by cardiovascular disease–related biomarkers including markers of adiposity, inflammation, and fibrosis. These findings highlight potential biological pathways that may underlie some of the observed differences in obesity‐related cardiovascular disease between women and men.
Association of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome With Cardiovascular Events After Mitral Transcatheter Edge‐to‐Edge Repair
Authors: Mannina Carlo , Sharma Akarsh , Carbone Andreina , Bossone Eduardo , Tuttolomondo Antonino , Argulian Edgar , Neibart Eric , Hadley Michael B. , Halperin Jonathan , Dangas George , Sharma Samin K. , Kini Annapoorna , Lerakis Stamatios 
Published: November 2024

Background
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) following cardiovascular interventions is associated with adverse events during hospitalization and follow‐up. Mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair is increasingly utilized for treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR). We investigated whether SIRS following mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair may occur and be associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

A total of 158 consecutive patients with severe MR undergoing mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair were studied. SIRS was defined by leukocytosis (≥12 × 10
9
/L) and fever (≥38 °C) within 48 hours after intervention. Baseline inflammation was measured by absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio. The primary end point of major cardiovascular events was the composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and all‐cause death. Recurrent MR at follow‐up was also recorded. The mean patient age was 80.8±8.8 years. Forty‐four (27.9%) developed SIRS. Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio correlated with onset of leukocytosis and fever (
P
=0.04). During a median follow‐up of 12.5 (5.4–17.4) months, the primary end point occurred in 27 (17.1%) patients (6 myocardial infarction, 5 strokes, and 16 deaths). Patients with SIRS more often had severe MR (79.5% versus 62.7%,
P
=0.02) at follow‐up. After adjustment for pertinent variables, SIRS (HR 2.73 [95% CI, 1.08–6.86];
P
=0.03) was independently associated with major cardiovascular events.

Conclusions
SIRS after mitral transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair is a strong independent predictor of major cardiovascular events. Closer follow‐up is warranted because patients with SIRS have more severe MR at follow‐up.