bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preschoolers’ sharing expectations towards friends relate to their kindergarten peer status
Authors: Essler Samuel , Wörle Monika , Moore Chris , Paulus Markus 
Published: September 2019

Recent research has provided evidence for a substantial impact of children's peer status on positive and adaptive development. The current study investigated how 3‐ to 7‐year‐old preschoolers’ (N = 118) sharing behaviour and sharing expectations towards a friend and a non‐friend relate to their popularity among their peers. Children distributed resources between themselves and a friend as well as themselves and a non‐friend and predicted another protagonist's behaviour in the same situation. In addition, teachers rated children's problematic behaviour and peers rated children's peer status. Multilevel analysis revealed that preschoolers’ sharing expectations towards their friends but not sharing behaviour predicted their peer status above and beyond the impact of problematic behaviour. Age did not emerge as an independent predictor. These findings suggest that knowledge about prosociality in the form of sharing expectations is an important aspect in children's adaptive social development and stress the relevance of children's knowledge about the social world for their social life.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Prosocial behaviour in general relates positively to peer status.

Problem behaviour relates negatively to peer status.

Sharing behaviour and sharing expectations become more selective over the preschool years.

What does this study add?

Sharing expectations and to a lesser extent sharing behaviour relate to peer status.

Sharing expectations predict peer status above and beyond the impact of problem behaviour.

Differential sharing expectations predict peer status as well as simple sharing expectations.
Circulating gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N‐oxide and oral contraceptive use in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Eyupoglu Nesrin Damla , Caliskan Guzelce Ezgi , Acikgoz Aylin , Uyanik Esra , Bjørndal Bodil , Berge Rolf K. , Svardal Asbjørn , Yildiz Bulent Okan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk that might not necessarily translate into adverse cardiovascular outcome later in life. Recently, alterations in gut microbial composition have been reported in the syndrome. Microbiota‐dependent metabolite trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) and its precursors are closely linked with development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, independently of traditional risk factors. We aimed to assess whether TMAO and its precursors are altered in PCOS and to determine potential impact of treatment on these metabolites.DesignProspective study.PatientsTwenty‐seven overweight/obese patients with PCOS and 25 age‐ and BMI‐matched healthy control women.MeasurementsAt baseline, fasting serum TMAO and its precursors were measured after a 3‐day standardized diet. Patients received 3‐month OC therapy along with general dietary advice after which all measurements were repeated.ResultsPatients had higher total testosterone (T) and free androgen index (FAI) whereas whole‐body fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were similar between the groups. PCOS group showed significantly higher serum levels of TMAO and its precursors; choline, betaine and carnitine. TMAO and choline showed correlations with T. After 3 months of OC use, TMAO and its precursors significantly decreased along with reductions in BMI, T and FAI.ConclusionsThis study reports for the first time that TMAO and its precursors are elevated in PCOS which might contribute to increased cardiometabolic risk of the syndrome and that short‐term OC use along with lifestyle intervention is associated with reduction of these microbiome‐dependent metabolites.
Blood pressure in pregnancy—A stress test for hypertension? Five‐year, prospective, follow‐up of the ROLO study
Authors: Brady Michelle B. , O’Brien Eileen C. , Geraghty Aisling A. , Courtney Amanda U. , Kilbane Mark T. , Twomey Patrick J. , McKenna Malachi J. , Crowley Rachel K. , McAuliffe Fionnuala M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether maternal blood pressure (BP) below the diagnostic criteria of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is associated with maternal BP 5 years later.DesignProspective, observational study.SettingDublin, Ireland (2007‐2011).SampleThree hundred twenty‐nine women from the ROLO study (Randomized cOntrol trial of LOw glycaemic index diet to prevent the recurrence of macrosomia).MethodsMaternal BP measurements were taken during pregnancy (13, 28 and 34 weeks’ gestation and day 1 postpartum) and at the 5‐year follow‐up. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were categorized as normal (SBP < 120 and DBP < 80 mm Hg), elevated (SBP 120‐129 and DBP < 80 mm Hg), HTN stage 1 (SBP 130‐139 or DBP 80‐89 mm Hg) or HTN stage 2 (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg) at each timepoint.Main Outcome MeasuresMaternal blood pressure at the 5‐year follow‐up.ResultsWomen with elevated BP at 28 and 34 weeks’ gestation had 2.68 (95% CI: 1.36‐5.26) and 2.45‐fold (95% CI: 1.22‐4.95) increased odds of HTN stage 1 respectively, at the 5‐year follow‐up, compared to those with normal BP in pregnancy.ConclusionElevated BP at 28 and 34 weeks’ gestation was associated with an increased risk of HTN stage 1 at 5 years later. Thus, raised BP, below the diagnostic criteria of HDP, could be flagged for follow‐up postpartum.
Effect of thermal pre‐treatment on the phenolic and protein profiles and oil oxidation dynamics of golden flaxseeds
Authors: Waszkowiak Katarzyna , Mikołajczak Beata , Gliszczyńska‐Świgło Anna , Niedźwiedzińska Karina 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe food industry is interested in the application of thermally pre‐treated flaxseeds because the treatment improves their sensory acceptability and reduces anti‐nutrient contents. However, it may influence the health benefits of flaxseed compounds. The changes in the phenolic and protein profiles, and in situ oil oxidation dynamics after steaming or roasting of flaxseeds were analysed to study this effect. The results showed that the pre‐treatment of flaxseeds did not affect the content of major flaxseed phenolics. Steaming and roasting considerably changed the flaxseed protein profile. The thermally induced protein aggregation and/or cross‐linking occurred. The most significant changes were found for the 13 and 53 kDa proteins. Flaxseed roasting deteriorated the oil oxidative stability significantly more than steaming. These changes may decrease the nutritional quality and shelf life of roasted or steamed flaxseeds. They should be monitored when pre‐treated flaxseeds are intended to be used as a food ingredient.
Interaction of whey protein with polyphenols from salal fruits (Gaultheria shallon) and the effects on protein structure and hydrolysis pattern by Flavourzyme®
Authors: Ni He , Hayes Helen , Stead David , Liu Guang , Yang Huaijie , Li Haihang , Raikos Vassilios 
Published: September 2019

SummaryMilk whey can interact with polyphenols leading to the formation of complexes. In this research, whey protein was fortified with salal fruits (SB) extract and the effect on protein structure was investigated. Particle size and tertiary structure analysis indicates α‐lactalbumin–ligand interactions when whey is supplemented with SB extract. Circular dichroism spectroscopy suggests conformational changes of α‐Lac to a partially unfolded state as indicated by the decrease in α‐helix structures. Enzymatic treatment of whey protein mixed with SB revealed differences in the hydrolysis pattern. LC‐MS/MS data analysis indicates that a higher number of peptides are released when whey is mixed with SB. Peptides of known bioactivity were identified in all hydrolysates. The supplementation of whey protein with SB extract can influence protein hydrolysis and the release of peptides following enzymatic treatment with commercial proteases which may affect the functional and health‐related properties of the hydrolysate.
Clonal redemption and clonal anergy as mechanisms to balance B cell tolerance and immunity
Authors: Burnett Deborah L. , Reed Joanne H. , Christ Daniel , Goodnow Christopher C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe adaptive immune system is tasked with producing antibodies that recognize a wide scope of potential pathogens, including those never before encountered, and concurrently avoiding formation of antibodies binding host tissues. The diverse repertoire of antibodies produced by V(D)J recombination inevitably includes autoantibodies that bind to self‐antigens, estimated to be as much as 70% of nascent antibodies on immature B cells. Early theoretical models of tolerance hypothesized that such self‐reactive clones could not possibly be allowed to survive and mature. However from the first direct view of the fate of nascent B cells carrying a self‐binding antibody it was clear that many “forbidden clones” circulate to secondary lymphoid tissues, where they adopt an IgMlow IgD+ cell surface phenotype and are prevented from secreting autoantibodies by a series of tolerance checkpoints referred to as “clonal anergy.” Since anergic B cells can be reactivated to secrete pathogenic autoantibodies in certain settings, the advantage of controlling self‐reactive antibodies by clonal anergy has until recently remained enigmatic. Here we review this topic and recent advances showing that anergic B cells are recruited into the germinal center to mutate away from self‐reactivity, undergoing “clonal redemption” into cells making antibodies with exquisite specificity for foreign immunogens.
Epitaxial, electro‐optically active barium titanate thin films on silicon by chemical solution deposition
Authors: Edmondson Bryce I. , Kwon Sunah , Lam Chon H. , Ortmann J. Elliott , Demkov Alexander A. , Kim Moon J. , Ekerdt John G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent progress in the integration of BaTiO3 thin films with silicon has shown great promise for the development of on‐chip photonic devices. However, the highest performing thin films in the literature are deposited by costly and/or complex vacuum techniques. In this study, epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films are deposited on thin SrTiO3 template layers on Si(001) from an alkoxide‐based chemical solution under atmospheric conditions and yield an effective Pockels coefficient of 27 ± 4 pm/V for an ~85 nm film. Film crystallinity, microstructure, and defect nature are examined by X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission and scanning electron microscopy techniques and discussed within the context of the growth method as well as the observed electro‐optical response.
Umbilical Cord Practices of Members of the American College of Nurse‐Midwives
Authors: Leslie Mayri Sagady , Erickson‐Owens Debra , Park Jeongyoung 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThe purpose of this survey of American College of Nurse‐Midwives (ACNM) members was to describe umbilical cord practices of US midwives and to explore possible modifying factors. Contrasting this study with the 2000 survey of ACNM members on umbilical cord clamping by Mercer, Nelson, and Skovgaard, we hypothesized that there would be an increase in utilization of delayed cord clamping at birth by current midwives. The benefits of adequate placental transfusion at birth via delaying cord clamping (DCC) has been well described for both preterm and term neonates. Surveys and observations of provider practice across the globe show inconsistent uptake of the evidence‐based practices of DCC and cord milking. This study provides a 17‐year update to the Mercer et al study and gives the opportunity for current assessment of umbilical cord management by members of ACNM.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 1050 active members of ACNM who had attended women in labor and birth within 3 years of the survey. Participants were selected using non‐probability, purposive sampling with recruitment through serial e‐mails. Umbilical cord practices were assessed, and related factors were examined using Chi‐square tests and multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThe overall response rate was 20%. Ninety‐two percent of the midwives performed DCC in this study as compared with 67% in the initial survey done in 2000. Over 50% of the midwives considered DCC in the presence of the following situations: shoulder dystocia, meconium‐stained fluid, and vaginal birth for a non‐reassuring fetal heart rate tracing. Twenty‐six percent said they would delay clamping if resuscitation was required. “I don't know” was the most common response when it came to cord management for breech births or when vacuum or forceps were used. Cord milking was used less frequently than DCC.DiscussionMidwifery use of DCC has expanded since 2000. The use of cord milking is variable with concerns about the validity of the practice. For many participants, uncertainty is present regarding cord clamping in complex clinical situations. The study provides important guidance for addressing knowledge deficits and continual improvement in practice.
The utility of plastron shape for uncovering cryptic diversity in Hermann's tortoise
Authors: Djurakic M. R. , Milankov V. R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough a significant unexploited potential of the geometric morphometrics in taxonomy and systematics has been documented, only a few studies so far have focused on the utility of this method in the detection of population genetic structure in turtles. For the first time, we employed geometric morphometrics to explicitly analyse whether populations possessing divergent haplotypes evolved different patterns of plastral shape in any Testudo species using the Greek populations of Hermann's tortoise as a case study. To molecularly characterize the Greek populations of Testudo hermanni boettgeri used for plastron shape analyses, 12s rRNA gene of tortoises sampled from seven localities in Greece was sequenced. Three divergent haplotypes were observed, regionally corresponding to the north‐western (HI), south‐western (HII) and Peloponnese (HIII) areas of Greece. In both females and males, haplotypes HI and HII showed the lack of plastral shape divergence, but were both statistically significantly different relative to HIII found in Peloponnese. The Peloponnesian populations (HIII) had longer bridges and the wider and shorter anterior part of the plastron, relative to populations from the mainland Greece (HI and HII). Hence, both morphological and molecular markers suggested Peloponnese as a distinct lineage in relation to mainland populations. Finally, we consider geometric morphometrics as an efficient method to detect and characterize subtle interpopulation differences. Findings in this study have conservation applications as well, implying the presence of cryptic genetic and taxonomic diversity, and, thus, filling the crucial gap in the assessment of the conservation status of T. hermanni.
Natural variation in HsfA2 pre‐mRNA splicing is associated with changes in thermotolerance during tomato domestication
Authors: Hu Yangjie , Mesihovic Anida , Jiménez‐Gómez José M. , Röth Sascha , Gebhardt Philipp , Bublak Daniela , Bovy Arnaud , Scharf Klaus‐Dieter , Schleiff Enrico , Fragkostefanakis Sotirios 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Wild relatives of crops thrive in habitats where environmental conditions can be restrictive for productivity and survival of cultivated species. The genetic basis of this variability, particularly for tolerance to high temperatures, is not well understood. We examined the capacity of wild and cultivated accessions to acclimate to rapid temperature elevations that cause heat stress (HS).

We investigated genotypic variation in thermotolerance of seedlings of wild and cultivated accessions. The contribution of polymorphisms associated with thermotolerance variation was examined regarding alterations in function of the identified gene.

We show that tomato germplasm underwent a progressive loss of acclimation to strong temperature elevations. Sensitivity is associated with intronic polymorphisms in the HS transcription factor HsfA2 which affect the splicing efficiency of its pre‐mRNA. Intron splicing in wild species results in increased synthesis of isoform HsfA2‐II, implicated in the early stress response, at the expense of HsfA2‐I which is involved in establishing short‐term acclimation and thermotolerance.

We propose that the selection for modern HsfA2 haplotypes reduced the ability of cultivated tomatoes to rapidly acclimate to temperature elevations, but enhanced their short‐term acclimation capacity. Hence, we provide evidence that alternative splicing has a central role in the definition of plant fitness plasticity to stressful conditions.
Analyzing the Synergistic Effects of Antioxidants in Combating Photoaging Using Model Nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Prasanth Mani Iyer , Gayathri Subramanyam , Bhaskar James Prabhanand , Krishnan Venkateswaran , Balamurugan Krishnaswamy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAging, a universal and unique process, occurs both intrinsically (chronological) and extrinsically (photoaging). Ultraviolet‐A (UV‐A)‐mediated stress is a growing health hazard to mankind as it is the major cause of photoaging, which could lead to much damage of skin cells and tissues ranging from tan, burn, or even cancer. The present study focuses on the role of antioxidants and other natural compounds which have been widely used in oral/topical applications to combat and delay the effects of photoaging using model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Compounds like green tea extract, naringenin, and naringin, which are known for their antioxidant properties, were able to extend life span and healthspan of the nematode in normal as well as under UV‐A‐mediated stress conditions. Regulation of both the stress‐responsive genes (skn‐1 and sir‐2.1) and the aging‐regulating genes (daf‐2 and age‐1) was attributable for these conditions. Interestingly, it was observed that these compounds when combined in equal ratios by weight worked synergistically to combat the aging process. Pronounced synergistic effects were observed during UV‐A‐mediated stress conditions, suggesting that these could be used as potential antiphotoaging compounds which will be of greater significance for health‐based research.
Analog Retinal Redshifts Visible Absorption of QuasAr Transmembrane Voltage Sensors into Near‐infrared
Authors: Mei Gaoxiang , Mamaeva Natalia , Ganapathy Srividya , Wang Peng , DeGrip Willem J. , Rothschild Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOpsin‐based transmembrane voltage sensors (OTVSs) are increasingly important tools for neuroscience enabling neural function in complex brain circuits to be explored in live, behaving animals. However, the visible wavelengths required for fluorescence excitation of the current generation of OTVSs limit optogenetic imaging in the brain to depths of only a few mm due to the strong absorption and scattering of visible light by biological tissues. We report that substitution of the native A1 retinal chromophore of the widely used QuasAr1/2 OTVSs with the retinal analog MMAR containing a methylamino‐modified dimethylphenyl ring results in over a 100‐nm redshift of the maxima of the absorption and fluorescence emission bands to near 700 and 840 nm, respectively. FT‐Raman spectroscopy reveals that at pH 7 QuasAr1 with both the A1 and MMAR chromophores possess predominantly an all‐trans protonated Schiff base configuration with the MMAR chromophore exhibiting increased torsion of the polyene single‐/double‐bond system similar to the O‐intermediate of the BR photocycle. In contrast, the A1 and the MMAR chromophores of QuasAr2 exist partially in a 13‐cis PSB configuration. These results demonstrate that QuasArs containing the MMAR chromophore are attractive candidates for use as NIR‐OTVSs, especially for applications such as deep brain imaging.
Temporal Fictionalism for a Timeless World
Authors: Baron Sam , Miller Kristie , Tallant Jonathan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCurrent debate in the metaphysics of time ordinarily assumes that we should be realists about time. Recently, however, a number of physicists and philosophers of physics have proposed that time will play no role in a completed theory of quantum gravity. This paper defends fictionalism about temporal thought, on the supposition that our worldistimeless. We argue that, in the face of timeless physical theories, realism about temporal thought is unsustainable: some kind of anti‐realism must be adopted. We go on to provide an argument against eliminativism about temporal thought. While it doesn't follow from this argument that fictionalism about temporal thought is true, we suggest that this nonetheless shows that fictionalism should be regarded as the preferred view.
One Desire Too Many1
Authors: Howard Nathan Robert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractI defend the widely‐held view that acting with moral worth does not require a desire for rightness as such. Some have recently come to reject this view, arguing that desires for rightness as such are necessary for avoiding a certain kind of luck thought incompatible with morally worthy action. I show that those who defend desires for rightness as such on the basis of this argument misunderstand the relationship between moral worth and the kind of luck that their argument employs. Consequently, the argument provides no reason to doubt the popular view that a desire for rightness as such is no part of virtue. I conclude by suggesting that a family of worries about merely accidentally right action presuppose one side of the recent debate about objectivism and perspectivism concerning moral rightness.
Risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among women with pharmacologically treated and untreated depression during pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Adhikari Kamala , Patten Scott B. , Lee Sangmin , Metcalfe Amy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe association between antidepressant use during pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes is unclear. The association without taking into consideration the independent effect of depression leads to a confounding of the effects of antidepressants with those of the underlying reason for the use of those medications. Additionally, a history of depression and antidepressant use may also influence this association.ObjectiveThis study examined the risks of adverse perinatal outcomes associated with antidepressant use during pregnancy.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used population‐based data in Alberta, Canada, for women who delivered between 2012 and 2015 (n = 158486). Women with depression were identified using a validated case definition, and the receipt of antidepressants was identified using Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes. Adverse perinatal outcomes such as severe maternal/neonatal morbidity, preterm birth, and neonatal intensive care unit admission were assessed. Multivariable log‐binomial regression was used to estimate the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes associated with antidepressants, adjusting for age and parity.ResultsIn total, 9.1% women had depression and 2.5% women received antidepressants during pregnancy. The relative risk of severe neonatal morbidity/mortality was 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.17, 1.33) times higher for women with depression alone compared to women without depression. The risk of severe neonatal morbidity/mortality was 1.51 (95% confidence interval 1.36, 1.66) times higher for women who used antidepressants compared to women with depression alone—however, the risk differed between the women with and without a history of antidepressant use. A similar risk pattern was observed for preterm birth and neonatal intensive care unit admission.ConclusionsBoth depression and antidepressant use were independently associated with the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes; however, the risk associated with antidepressants was higher over and above the risk associated with depression. This may reflect the biological effects of antidepressants, greater severity of depression in those treated, or both.