bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Denosumab for osteoporosis in older adults in long‐term care: A randomized trial
Authors: Greenspan Susan L. , Perera Subashan , Haeri Nami Safai , Nace David A. , Resnick Neil M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn long‐term care (LTC), the incidence of hip or vertebral fractures are eight times that in the community. Despite the wide availability of osteoporosis therapy, LTC residents are omitted from pivotal trials and not treated. Denosumab is a relatively new, monoclonal antibody therapy for osteoporosis treatment. Via a randomized trial, we sought to determine the safety and efficacy of denosumab in LTC residents.MethodsWe conducted a 2‐year, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial in 201 osteoporotic men and women aged ≥ 65 years, living in LTC communities. Participants with multimorbidity, dysmobility, and cognitive impairment were not excluded. The intervention was denosumab 60 mg subcutaneous every 6 months or placebo. Our primary outcome measures were hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD) improvement at 24 months. Secondary outcomes included BMD at other skeletal sites, function, and safety.ResultsWe included 123 women and 78 men with a mean ± standard error age of 81.5 ± 0.6. Overall, 83% and 71% completed 12 and 24 months, respectively. Compared with placebo, the women receiving denosumab had a greater 24‐month percent increase in spine (7.41 ± 0.93 vs. 2.15 + 0.56; p = 0.014), and total hip BMD (4.62 ± 0.62 vs. −0.19 ± 0.79; p = 0.007); and men in spine (7.91 ± 0.96 vs. 1.12 ± 1.13; p = 0.002) and total hip (3.74 ± 0.55 vs. 0.48 ± 0.74; p = 0.018). There were no significant differences in safety metrics.ConclusionsDenosumab was a safe and effective therapy for improving BMD in osteoporotic older men and women with multiple comorbidities in LTC.
The miR3367–lncRNA67–GhCYP724B module regulates male sterility by modulating brassinosteroid biosynthesis and interacting with Aorf27 in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Guo Anhui , Nie Hushuai , Li Huijing , Li Bin , Cheng Cheng , Jiang Kaiyun , Zhu Shengwei , Zhao Nan , Hua Jinping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines play a crucial role in utilization of heterosis in crop plants. However, the mechanism underlying the manipulation of male sterility in cotton by long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) remains elusive. Here, using an integrative approach combining lncRNA transcriptomic profiles with virus‐induced gene silencing experiments, we identify a flower bud‐specific lncRNA in the maintainer line 2074B, lncRNA67, negatively modulating with male sterility in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). lncRNA67 positively regulates cytochrome P274B (GhCYP724B), which acted as an eTM (endogenous target mimic) for miR3367. The suppression of GhCYP724B induced symptoms of BR deficiency and male semi‐sterility in upland cotton as well as in tobacco, which resulted from a reduction in the endogenous BR contents. GhCYP724B regulates BRs synthesis by interacting with GhDIM and GhCYP90B, two BRs biosynthesis proteins. Additionally, GhCYP724B suppressed a unique chimeric open reading frame (Aorf27) in 2074A mitochondrial genome. Ectopic expression of Aorf27 in yeast inhibited cellular growth, and over expression of Aorf27 in tobacco showed male sterility. Overall, the results proved that the miR3367–lncRNA67–GhCYP724B module positively regulates male sterility by modulating BRs biosynthesis. The findings uncovered the function of lncRNA67–GhCYP724B in male sterility, providing a new mechanism for understanding male sterility in upland cotton.
Imaging and observation of microcirculation in bowel mucosa using sidestream dark field imaging
Authors: Jiang Keming , Chen Lihong , Zhao Hengyu , Hu Huanxin , Lai Sicong , Zhao Xinzhe , Zhang Hongda , Ke Jia , Hu Qiongyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSidestream dark field (SDF) imaging is a tool for assessing microcirculation, commonly used for early diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis. In this study, we used SDF imaging to observe and assess the microcirculation of the intestinal mucosa during bowel surgery. We also compared different performance between normal mucosa and diseased mucosa using SDF imaging. SDF imaging was conducted in 13 patients to evaluate microcirculation parameters. All patients were assessed at distances of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 centimeters (cm) from the edge of the mesentery, respectively. Microcirculatory parameters such as microvascular flow index (MFI), proportion of perfused vessels (PPV), vascular density (VD), total vessel density (TVD), perfused vessel density (PVD) and heterogeneity index (HI) were measured in these patients. Compared to normal intestinal mucosa, the diseased intestinal mucosa exhibited higher values for VD (p = 0.044), TVD (p = 0.006) and PVD (p = 0.007). No significant differences in PPV, MFI and HI were observed between the two groups. The microcirculation parameters (MFI, PPV and PVD) of the intestine at the distal distance of 3 cm were significantly lower than those at a distance of 2 cm (MFI 1.5 (0.75) vs. 3 (0.5), PPV 57.6 (9.1) vs. 97.1 (8.6)% and PVD 11.395 (3.082) vs. 20.726 (4.115) mm/mm2). In conclusion, SDF imaging is an advanced technique that provide real‐time visualization of intestinal mucosal microcirculation. It has the potential to assess the blood perfusion of the intestine during surgery.
Evaluation of anti‐acne activity of human whole saliva against acne vulgaris: An in vitro study
Authors: Coutinho Tyween Jia , Dodamani Suneel , Pai Khot Atrey J. , Kumar Vaibhav , Almalki Sultan A. , Gowdar Inderjit M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris (AV) is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disorder, affecting 9.45% of the world's population. AV can be painful, discomforting, and disfiguring due to scarring, leading to physiological distress, and economic burden. AV pathogenies can be due to various factors, key ones include follicular plugging, colonization by the microorganism, endocrinological factors, and inflammation. Gram‐positive bacteria Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most common pathogens isolated from patients with AV.AimThe present study aimed to investigate the anti‐acne activity of whole human saliva against bacteria that cause AV.Materials and MethodsThe saliva sample from four different individuals was collected at three different intervals. These samples were used to perform antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) against the pathogens. Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test, and Broth dilution method using Resazurin were performed.ResultsThe human saliva was effective in inhibiting Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis those causing AV. The Minimum inhibitory activity and disc diffusion assay depicted potency of saliva. The pH of the saliva samples was found to be more acidic in the morning samples when compared with the evening samples. The afternoon sample was found to be more effective when compared with the other two intervals.ConclusionsSaliva shows effective anti‐acne activity by inhibiting the growth and proliferation of acne‐causing bacteria.
Pressure Injuries and the Waterlow Subscales in the Intensive Care Unit: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Tao Hongxia , Zhang Hongyan , Kang Xinmian , Wang Yahan , Ma Yuxia , Pei Juhong , Han Lin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPressure injuries (PIs) impose a significant burden on patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the healthcare system. Assessing the risk of developing PIs is crucial for prevention. However, it is unclear whether all subscales of the Waterlow scale can be used to assess PIs risk in ICU.ObjectivesTo assess whether all subscales of the Waterlow scale can predict PIs risk in ICU.DesignMulticentre prospective study.MethodsA total of 18,503 patients from ICUs in 40 tertiary‐level hospitals in Gansu province of China were enrolled from April 2021 to August 2023. The incidence and characteristics of PIs were recorded. Univariate Cox regression analyses were performed for each subscale as a predictor of PIs development, followed by multivariate Cox regression with covariates for each subscale separately.ResultsOut of 17,720 patients included, the incidence of PIs was 1.1%. Multivariate analysis revealed skin type (HR: 1.468, 95% CI: 1.229, 1.758), sex (HR: 0.655, 95% CI: 0.472, 0.908), advanced age (HR: 1.263, 95% CI: 1.106, 1.442), continence (HR: 1.245, 95% CI: 1.052, 1.473), tissue malnutrition (HR: 1.070, 95% CI: 1.007, 1.136) and neurological deficit (HR: 1.153, 95% CI: 1.062, 1.251) were independently predictive of PIs development for all participants. Skin type (HR: 2.326, 95% CI: 1.153, 3.010) (HR: 2.217, 95% CI: 1.804, 2.573) independently predicted PIs occurrence for high‐risk and very high‐risk group, respectively, while sex (HR: 0.634, 95% CI: 0.431, 0.931) and age (HR: 1.269, 95% CI: 1.083, 1.487) predicted PIs development for very high‐risk group.ConclusionsThis study found that not all subscales of the Waterlow scale are associated with the PIs development in patients in ICU, highlighting the importance of the skin type subscale in predicting PI risk across all patient groups.Implications for Clinical PracticeNurses need to focus on patient's skin and related (moisture, pain and pressure) conditions and take measures to promote skin health and avoid the occurrence of PI.Patient or Public ContributionNone.
The Association of Health Literacy With the Quality of Discharge Planning and Readiness for Hospital Discharge in Jordanian Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Radaideh Ayat , Rababah Jehad A. , Al‐Hammouri Mohammed Munther , Ta'an Wafa'a , Suliman Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo examine the relationship between health literacy with the quality of discharge planning and readiness for hospital discharge in acute myocardial infarction patients in Jordan.BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction is a major heart disease caused by plaque formation in coronary arteries. Complications after acute myocardial infarction include readmission and physical complications such as chest pain, and limited health literacy increases the risk of complications. Improving the health literacy of patients can improve postdischarge outcomes and decrease complications.MethodsThis study was conducted using a cross‐sectional design. Data were collected from 123 patients who were recruited from three hospitals in Jordan. A demographics questionnaire and three valid and reliable instruments (Health Literacy Questionnaire, Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale and Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale) were used to collect the data. The authors adhered to the STROBE checklist during the preparation of this study.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the Readiness for Hospital Discharge had weak to moderate positive correlations with health literacy scales (r = 0.24–0.36, p < 0.05). The content subscale of the Quality of Discharge Teaching Scale showed weak positive correlations with navigating the healthcare system, finding good health information and understanding health information scales of the Health Literacy Questionnaire.ConclusionThe results reported here indicate that health literacy positively correlates with readiness for hospital discharge and quality of discharge teaching.Relevance to Clinical PracticeImproving the health literacy of acute myocardial infarction patients can enhance their discharge planning outcomes. The findings of this study are beneficial for healthcare providers in designing targeted interventions that correspond to health literacy among acute myocardial infarction patients.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Presidential Address: Macrofinance and Resilience
Authors: BRUNNERMEIER MARKUS K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis address reviews macrofinance from the perspective of resilience. It argues for a shift in mindset, away from risk management toward resilience management. It proposes a new resilience measure, and contrasts micro‐ and macro‐resilience. It also classifies macrofinance models in first‐ (log‐linearized) and second‐generation models, and links the important themes of macrofinance to resilience.
Negative Emotion (dys)regulation Predicts Distorted Time Perception: Preliminary Experimental Evidence and Implications for Psychopathology
Authors: Napolitano Skye C. , Peckinpaugh Isabella K. , Lane Sean P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAccurate time perception is crucial to daily life but vulnerable to interference, particularly through negative affect, which dilates individuals' sense of time passing. Regulation strategies like rumination, and disorders like borderline personality disorder (BPD), are linked to time distortion, yet their interrelationships remain untested. We investigated whether rumination and BPD symptoms increase time dilation in negative affective states to understand the clinical implications of time distortion.MethodsIn an online pilot study, we tested whether negative affect (NA) predicts subjective time perception and explored how rumination, BPD symptoms, and their interaction predicted time perception using a between‐subjects online experimental mood induction. Adult participants (Ncombined = 760) were recruited from Prolific Academic and a large, Midwestern U.S. university.ResultsState NA and increased BPD features predicted increased time dilation. The role of trait‐level rumination was nuanced, with individuals low in BPD symptoms and elevated trait rumination exhibiting reduced time dilation in response to NA. Conversely, those with elevated rumination and BPD symptoms reported increased time dilation in the neutral condition.ConclusionFindings offer foundational evidence of NA and rumination's roles in time dilation for individuals across levels of BPD symptom endorsement. Subsequent replication and extension could flesh out these relationships and inform psychotherapeutic treatment targets.
Patients' perspectives on key aspects influencing needling for haemodialysis: A qualitative study
Authors: Moore Currie , Ellis‐Caird Helen , Fielding Catherine , Awan Faizan , Paul Tarsem , Flanagan Rebecca , Sharma Shivani , McCafferty Kieran , Veer Sabine N. van der , Farrington Ken , Wellsted David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor many patients, cannulation (‘needling’) is essential for haemodialysis. It is associated with anxiety and fear and contributes to the overall burden of treatment. Limited research exists on patient experience of needling and how this might vary by individual and clinical characteristics.ObjectivesTo explore and identify key aspects of needling impacting patients' experiences.DesignQualitative, multicentre, cross‐sectional, co‐produced.ParticipantsAdults on haemodialysis with working fistulae or grafts (n = 41).ApproachWe used interviews to explore patients' experiences of needling and key aspects contributing to this. Interviews were conducted in two sets: unstructured (n = 24, broadly investigated needling experience) and semistructured (n = 17, refined themes and assessed cultural relevance). Thematic analysis was used to identify themes driving experience and examine variation. A Patient Steering Group comprising people with lived experience of needling was integral to the study.FindingsA thematic framework capturing patients' view of needling was developed. It defined a core theme (The Nature of needling) and five foundational aspects of needling (Health of the fistula or graft, Steps in needling, The needler, The patient, Organisational context). We identified two further themes important to overall experience, Learning from needling experience and Reciprocity (the two‐way interaction between patient and needler). Both interrelated across themes, highlighting the complexity of needling and junctures where patient experience can be influenced.ConclusionsNeedling is shaped by multiple psychological and relational influences. These findings provide healthcare professionals with a basis to improve patient experience as part of a broader drive to enhance quality in healthcare delivery.
Allelopathic activity of cyanobacteria isolated from Lake Tuzkol
Authors: Akmukhanova Nurziya R. , Seiilbek Sandugash N. , Sandybayeva Sandugash K. , Zayadan Bolatkhan K. , Albay Meriç , Kirbayeva Dariga K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAllelopathy plays a crucial role in shaping phytoplankton community dynamics and diversity. It influences competition between photoautotrophs for resources and affects species succession in aquatic ecosystems. This article evaluates the allelopathic activity of cyanobacteria isolated from Lake Tuzkol, Kazakhstan. The allelopathic effects, including growth inhibition or stimulation, were assessed by adding cell‐free filtrates of the cyanobacteria Oscillatoria sp. SS‐9, Nostoc sp. CZS 2205, Synechococcus sp. SS‐5, or Anabaena sp. SS‐8 to the tested microalgae. The most pronounced effect was observed with Nostoc sp. CZS 2205, which reduced the cell counts of Chlorella vulgaris SP BB‐2 and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC‐124 by 60% and 57%, respectively, and Scenedesmus quadricauda CC‐1 and Ankistrodesmus falcatus CB‐2 by 55% and 53%, respectively. Synechococcus sp. SS‐5, in contrast, stimulated the growth of Chlorella vulgaris SP BB‐2 and Scenedesmus quadricauda CC‐1 by 11% and 8.8%, respectively. Filtrates from Oscillatoria sp. SS‐9 and Anabaena sp. SS‐8 had no significant impact on microalgal growth. Considering the significant allelopathic activity of Nostoc sp. CZS 2205, an agar diffusion test using biomass extracts confirmed a significant inhibitory effect, with the biomass extracts showing stronger activity than cell‐free filtrates. A detailed analysis of the cell‐free filtrates revealed eight compounds, including methyl heptadecanoate, methyl eicosanoate, tricosane, methyl octadeca‐9,12‐dienoate, methyl 13,16‐octadecadienoate, and 2,2‐dimethoxybutane. Additionally, nostocyclamide, a cyclic peptide, was identified in the biomass extract. The detection of nostocyclamide emphasizes its ecological importance and potential evolutionary role. These results enhance our understanding of the role of cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems and lay the groundwork for future research into their ecological applications.
Evidence‐based veterinary medicine—potential, practice, and pitfalls
Authors: Block Gary 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and incorporating evidence‐based veterinary medicine (EBVM) into clinical practice and research continues to pose a challenge for our profession despite over 2 decades of increasing awareness of this concept. Reasons for this include a lack of understanding of its importance to the practice of medicine, veterinary literature that often fails to adhere to evidence‐based standards, inadequate attention to teaching EBVM at the university level, and the inherent reluctance of clinicians to alter historical practice styles. For many practitioners, EBVM continues to be an abstract concept they believe requires advanced training in statistics and epidemiology resulting in them relying on less robust sources for clinical guidance. This unfortunately results in suboptimal care for our patients and delayed medical advancements for our profession. As part of the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Evidence‐Based Veterinary Medicine Association (EBVMA), we are refocusing our efforts to highlight the need for dedicated teaching of EBVM at the university level, for rigorous adherence to established research reporting guidelines, for expansion of EBVM infrastructure, and for the provision of easily accessible tools that permit clinicians to incorporate EBVM into their daily practice. As the quality of veterinary literature improves, so too will development of more effective clinical practice guidelines that ultimately can be widely adopted if they are flexible enough to support the triadic relationship between veterinarians, our clients and our patients. Ultimately, EBVM is not an end unto itself, but rather a means to improve the quality of care we provide our patients.
The association between food production, food security, household consumer behaviour and waist‐hip ratio amongst women in smallholder farming households in Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Iseme‐Ondiek Rosebella , Mwangi Eunice Muthoni , Riang'a Roselyter M. , Agoi Felix , Khatievi Noveline , Orwa James , Karisa Beatrice Karembo , Bakari Bibi Abdallah , Ogero Morris , Mabruki Mwanamaka , Mostert Cyprian , Ngugi Anthony K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFood insecurity disproportionately affects smallholder farming households and within them women, who bear primary caregiving responsibilities and contend with time and resource constraints that heighten their vulnerability to adverse nutrition‐related health outcomes. This study cross‐sectionally investigates the association between food production practices, household consumer behaviour, and the experience of food insecurity with women's waist‐hip ratio (WHR), a key indicator of abdominal obesity, in a coastal community in Kenya. In total, 394 households were randomly selected from a list of farming households in Kaloleni and Rabai sub‐counties of Kilifi. Trained enumerators administered questionnaires to adult female family members who play a pivotal role in household management. Household dietary diversity scores (HDDS) were computed from 16 food groups consumed in the 7 days preceding the survey. Waist‐hip measurements focused on these females, representing vulnerable populations. Pathway‐based regression models were constructed using STATA version 13 (p < 0.05). Most households practised mixed farming (59.9%) and monocropping (73.2%) and most female respondents were widowed (75.1%) with limited education (73.1% had no formal education) and over 20 years of farming experience. Food insecurity was prevalent, affecting 80.7% of households. Limited dietary diversity was noted with an average HDDS of 9. The most commonly consumed foods were cereals, spices, condiments and beverages, while meat, eggs and fruits were infrequently eaten. An inverse association was observed between HDDS and WHR (standardised regression coefficient = −0.1328; p = 0.026) but while food insecurity was inversely associated with both HDD and WHR, these associations did not reach statistical significance (HDDS‐standardised regression coefficient −0.0294; p = 0.592: WHR‐standardised regression coefficient −0.0155; p = 0.791). Existing research has primarily addressed the undernutrition and hunger‐related impacts of food insecurity. The findings underscore the need to better understand the complex interplay between food insecurity and nutritional health, including markers of adiposity, to effectively promote health.
Intraspecific diversity mitigates the negative soil‐legacy impacts of an invasive plant
Authors: Cheng Cai , Song Wei , Liu Zekang , Li Bo , van Kleunen Mark , Wu Jihua 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Elton's biotic resistance hypothesis predicts that biodiversity can resist the establishment of invasive plants. However, whether and how within‐species diversity mediates the impacts of successfully established invaders is poorly understood, particularly in the face of climate change.
We used an experimental system to test the effect of intraspecific diversity of a native foundation species, Scirpus mariqueter, on the soil‐legacy impacts of a global plant invader, Spartina alterniflora, under well‐watered and drought conditions.
We found that more diverse populations of the native plant buffered against the negative soil‐legacy impacts of the invader on the native plant. This intraspecific diversity effect was due to a complementarity effect triggered by invader‐shaped soil biota, and emerged in both well‐watered and drought conditions.
Compared with the previous finding that intraspecific diversity of the native plant can reduce the performance of the invader through soil biotic feedbacks, this study provides further evidence that it helps to mitigate the negative soil‐derived impacts of the invader. These findings together emphasize the need for management measures that promote and restore native intraspecific diversity in a changing world.