bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A scoping review and systematic mapping of health promotion interventions associated with obesity in Islamic religious settings in the UK
Authors: Rai Kiran K. , Dogra Sufyan Abid , Barber Sally , Adab Peymane , Summerbell Carolyn ,   on behalf of the “Childhood Obesity Prevention in Islamic Religious Settings' Programme Management Group”
Published: June 2019

SummaryIslamic religious settings (IRS) may be useful places to implement obesity interventions for Muslims. However, little is known about the level and nature of such activity in these settings. We searched bibliographic databases and grey literature, and requested grey information from Muslim organizations, local councils, and mosques in 13 selected areas in the United Kingdom. Thirty‐five interventions were identified; most were poorly described and not evaluated. Twenty‐seven interventions focused on physical activity behaviours, four on diet behaviours, one on both behaviours, and seven addressed long‐term conditions associated with obesity. Most interventions were led by volunteers from the congregation/faith leaders and were funded through donations from congregants or charity organizations. The evidence suggests that health promotion interventions in IRS have a relatively high reach. Obesity interventions are commonly delivered in UK IRS. Most target physical activity behaviours, are instigated and led by volunteers from the congregation or faith leaders, receive no public funding, and are only recorded in people's memories. High‐quality evaluations of well‐specified interventions in this context are needed. We suggest that the methods used in this review, including the learning around positionality of researchers, could be adopted by other researchers as a way to locate opportunities for effective community‐level interventions.
Risk factors associated with allograft failure in pediatric kidney transplant recipients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Koh Lee Jin , Martz Karen , Blydt‐Hansen Tom David ,   the NAPRTCS Registry Investigators
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundWith improved outcomes for children transplanted with FSGS since previous NAPRTCS registry reports, this study re‐evaluates the association of living donation, immunosuppression, and DGF on graft survival.SettingPatients transplanted between 2002 and 2016, comparing FSGS diagnosis vs other glomerular diseases.MethodsPrimary outcomes were allograft survival and FSGS recurrent‐free graft survival. Potential risk factors were obtained at the time of transplant and up to 30 days post‐transplantation. Analysis considered a priori that DGF may be a proxy for severe FSGS recurrence. Multivariable survival models for outcome were tested for sensitivity without/with DGF to determine features independent of recurrence.ResultsFrom the larger cohort of 3010 patients, 5‐year graft survival in children with FSGS (n = 455) was worse (74.3%) compared with other glomerular diseases (87.1%, n = 690) (HR 1.45, P = 0.033). Modeling all glomerular diseases, survival risk was associated with deceased donor (HR 1.83, P = 0.002), re‐transplantation (HR 1.58, P = 0.013), and recipient age (HR 1.06/y, P = 0.002). The living donor advantage was not confirmed in a FSGS model (HR 1.51 for deceased, P = 0.12). DGF was highly associated with graft failure (HR 4.39, P < 0.001) and independent of re‐transplant history but not FSGS diagnosis. Induction agents or primary immunosuppression choices were not associated with survival.ConclusionGraft survival rates have improved since the previous report. Living donor did not predict graft failure, but there remains no survival advantage. DGF was the primary independent predictor for graft loss secondary to FSGS recurrence, consistent with DGF being a proxy for severe recurrent disease.
Kapitan on Indexicals and Indexical Thought: A Retrospective
Authors: Babb Matthew 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMy aim in this essay is to look back on and critically examine Tomis Kapitan’s (1949–2016) views of indexical language and indexical thought. Despite the novelty and insightfulness of Kapitan’s writings on these topics, his work has largely gone ignored. I believe this to be a tragic oversight, especially given the renewed interest in whether any of our thoughts might be essentially indexical. To be sure, there may be a reason for this oversight. In particular, Kapitan’s views are complex and his writing often dense. So my hope is to do justice to his work on indexicality not only by making it more accessible but also by examining it in such a way as to demonstrate its strength and plausibility.
Morality is Not Like Mathematics: The Weakness of the Math‐Moral Analogy
Authors: Gill Michael B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn both the early modern period and in contemporary debates, philosophers have argued that there are analogies between mathematics and morality that imply that the ontology and epistemology of morality are crucially similar to the ontology and epistemology of mathematics. I describe arguments for the math‐moral analogy in four early modern philosophers (Locke, Cudworth, Clarke, and Balguy) and in three contemporary philosophers (Clarke‐Doane, Peacocke, and Roberts). I argue that these arguments fail to establish important ontological and epistemological similarities between morality and mathematics. There are analogies between the two areas, but the disanalogies are more significant, undermining the attempt to confer on morality the same ontological and epistemological status that mathematics possesses.
Kant’s Regulative Metaphysics of God and the Systematic Lawfulness of Nature
Authors: Hoffer Noam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the “Appendix to the Transcendental Dialectic” of the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant contends that the idea of God has a positive regulative role in the systematization of empirical knowledge. But why is this regulative role assigned to this specific idea? Kant's account is rather opaque, and this question has also not received much attention in the literature. In this article, I argue that an adequate understanding of the regulative role of the idea of God depends on the specific metaphysical content Kant attributes to it in the Critique and other writings. I show that neither a heuristic principle of conceptual systematicity, nor conceiving God as a hypothesis of an intelligent designer, can satisfy the demands of reason to make the unity and necessity of the laws of nature intelligible. Regarding the positive account about the metaphysical content of the idea of God, I support my argument by referring to Kant's precritical discussion of the usefulness of the conception of God for the project of science, and by expounding Kant's critical account of the necessity of the laws of nature. Thus, my account sheds light on the continuity of Kant's conception of God and his appropriation of his own rationalistic metaphysics.
Optimal titer of anti‐HBs in blood components derived from donors with anti‐HBc
Authors: Hoshi Yuji , Hasegawa Takashi , Yamagishi Naoji , Mizokami Masashi , Sugiyama Masaya , Matsubayashi Keiji , Uchida Shigeharu , Nagai Tadashi , Satake Masahiro 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDThe ultimate strategy to cope with transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by transfusion of blood from donors with historical HBV infection is to reject all donors having anti‐HBV core antigen (anti‐HBc). However, this strategy would result in a huge loss of blood donors and subsequent blood inventory collapse. On the other hand, anti‐HBc–positive blood is reportedly not infectious when containing more than 100 mIU/mL of anti‐HBV surface antigen (anti‐HBs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn Japan, anti‐HBc–positive blood has been used for transfusion if it contained 200 mIU/mL or more of anti‐HBs. First, to verify the screening policy, clinical outcomes for transfusion of such blood were analyzed for the 2008–2012 period. Second, human hepatocyte‐repopulated severe combined immunodeficiency mice were inoculated with HBV preincubated with varying doses of anti‐HBs, then viremic status was followed. The effects of anti‐HBs across different HBV genotypes were also investigated.RESULTSTwenty‐three transfusion‐transmitted HBV infections related to anti‐HBc‐positive blood components were identified. None of the blood responsible for these cases contained 200 mIU/mL or more of anti‐HBs. When 100 μL of plasma containing 104 copies of HBV and 20 mIU of anti‐HBs was injected into severe combined immunodeficiency mice, no viremia was detected within 13 weeks. Genotype C anti‐HBs was capable of total inhibition of genotype A HBV replication, whereas genotype A anti‐HBs inhibited genotype C HBV to a lesser extent.CONCLUSIONAnti‐HBc–positive blood containing 200 mIU/mL or more of anti‐HBs appears safe as a transfusion component. HBV vaccination seems effective between HBV genotypes A and C.
Use of an amikacin‐infused collagen sponge concurrent with implant removal for treatment of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy surgical site infection in 31 cases
Authors: Lee Sylvia J. , Frederick Steven W. , Cross Alan R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the use and long‐term outcome of dogs with surgical site infection (SSI) after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPO), treated with an amikacin‐infused collagen sponge and implant removal.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsThirty‐one client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for dogs with SSI after a TPLO that were treated with surgical implant removal and concurrent implantation of an amikacin‐infused collagen sponge. Relevant clinical and surgical data were recorded. The TPLO implants were routinely removed; the surgical site was swabbed for culture. The sponge was aseptically infused with amikacin prior to implantation. Postprocedure examinations consisted of visual inspection of the incision by the surgeon and lameness scoring.ResultsThirty‐one dogs met all inclusion criteria. Median follow‐up time was 687 days. Short‐term examination after implant removal and sponge implantation revealed uneventful incisional healing in 24 dogs. Six (19.4%) dogs exhibited inflamed incision sites a median of 4 days (range, 3–9) postoperatively that resolved without additional treatment. One (3.2%) dog required empirical antibiotic treatment 7 days postoperatively but was lost to long‐term follow‐up. Long‐term follow‐up examination revealed no clinical evidence of SSI recurrence and no lameness in the remaining 30 cases.ConclusionSurgical implant removal and implantation of an absorbable collagen sponge infused with amikacin alone was an effective treatment for postoperative TPLO SSI.Clinical significanceThis procedure had a 96.8% long‐term resolution of SSI. It should be considered as a treatment option for TPLO SSI.
Platform-wide shift to microbial carbonate production during the late Aptian
Authors: Schmitt K. , Heimhofer U. , Frijia G. , Huck S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the aftermath of major Phanerozoic biocrises, diverse metazoan-dominated reef ecosystems were commonly replaced by microbial carbonate-producing communities. Apart from the loss of metazoan competitors, the factors causing pervasive microbial carbonate production in shallow-water platform settings are not completely understood. Amongst others, outstanding warm temperatures coupled with low-oxygen waters were proposed as possible triggers. This study focuses on late Aptian shallow marine carbonates deposited on the Apennine carbonate platform (ACP) in the central Tethys. By establishing an integrated high-resolution chemostratigraphic framework for two sections of the ACP, the coeval onset of pervasive bacinelloid growth is discovered, indicating a platform-wide shift from a metazoan-dominated ecosystem to microbial carbonate production. The initial phase of microbial proliferation coincides with the final stage of the so-called late Aptian “cold snap” and the subsequent temperature increase, which was paralleled by a significant sea-level rise. Our results contrast with observations from the early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a, where a similar shift toward microbial “bacinelloid” carbonate production has been linked to exceptionally warm conditions and hypoxia.
Discovery of biomarkers for the presence and progression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and HEart faiLure with Preserved ejection Fraction in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease: rationale and design of the HELPFul case-cohort study in a Dutch cardiology outpatient clinic
Authors: Valstar Gideon B , Bots Sophie H , Groepenhoff Floor , Gohar Aisha , Rutten Frans H , Leiner Tim , Cramer Maarten Jan Maria , Teske Arco J , Suciadi Leonardo P , Menken Roxana , Pasterkamp Gerard , Asselbergs Folkert W , Hofstra Leonard , Bots Michael L , den Ruijter Hester M 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a common condition in both sexes that may deteriorate into heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (pEF), although this seems to happen more often in women than in men. Both LVDD and HFpEF often go unrecognised, necessitating the discovery of biomarkers that aid both the identification of individuals with LVDD at risk of developing HF and identification of individuals most likely to benefit from treatment.Methods and analysisHELPFul is an ongoing case-cohort study at a Dutch cardiology outpatient clinic enrolling patients aged 45 years and older without history of cardiovascular disease, who were referred by the general practitioner for cardiac evaluation. We included a random sample of patients and enriched the cohort with cases (defined as an E/e’ ≥8 measured with echocardiography). Information about medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, electrocardiography, echocardiography, exercise test performance, common carotid intima-media thickness measurement and standard cardiovascular biomarkers was obtained from the routine care data collected by the cardiology outpatient clinic. Study procedure consists of extensive venous blood collection for biobanking and additional standardised questionnaires. Follow-up will consist of standardised questionnaires by mail and linkage to regional and national registries. We will perform cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and coronary CT angiography in a subgroup of patients to investigate the extent of macrovascular and microvascular coronary disease.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University Medical Center Utrecht. Results will be disseminated through national and international conferences and in peer-reviewed journals in cardiovascular disease.Trial registrationNTR6016;Pre-results.
Early identification of severe community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Grudzinska Frances S , Aldridge Kerrie , Hughes Sian , Nightingale Peter , Parekh Dhruv , Bangash Mansoor , Dancer Rachel , Patel Jaimin , Sapey Elizabeth , Thickett David R , Dosanjh Davinder P 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of sepsis worldwide. Prompt identification of those at high risk of adverse outcomes improves survival by enabling early escalation of care. There are multiple severity assessment tools recommended for risk stratification; however, there is no consensus as to which tool should be used for those with CAP. We sought to assess whether pneumonia-specific, generic sepsis or early warning scores were most accurate at predicting adverse outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of all cases of CAP admitted to a large, adult tertiary hospital in the UK between October 2014 and January 2016. All cases of CAP were eligible for inclusion and were reviewed by a senior respiratory physician to confirm the diagnosis. The association between the CURB65, Lac-CURB-65, quick Sequential (Sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment tool (qSOFA) score and National Early Warning Score (NEWS) at the time of admission and outcome measures including intensive care admission, length of hospital stay, in-hospital, 30-day, 90-day and 365-day all-cause mortality was assessed.Results1545 cases were included with 30-day mortality of 19%. Increasing score was significantly associated with increased risk of poor outcomes for all four tools. Overall accuracy assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was significantly greater for the CURB65 and Lac-CURB-65 scores than qSOFA. At admission, a CURB65 ≥2, Lac-CURB-65 ≥moderate, qSOFA ≥2 and NEWS ≥medium identified 85.0%, 96.4%, 40.3% and 79.0% of those who died within 30 days, respectively. A Lac-CURB-65 ≥moderate had the highest negative predictive value: 95.6%.ConclusionAll four scoring systems can stratify according to increasing risk in CAP; however, when a confident diagnosis of pneumonia can be made, these data support the use of pneumonia-specific tools rather than generic sepsis or early warning scores.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mediates hepatic stellate cell activation via ALK5/Smad signalling
Authors: Tao Le , Ma Wenting , Wu Liu , Xu Mingyi , Yang Yanqin , Zhang Wei , Sha Wenjun , Li Hongshan , Xu Jianrong , Feng Rilu , Xue Dongying , Zhang Jie , Dooley Steven , Seki Ekihiro , Liu Ping , Liu Cheng 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveAlthough glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, its function in liver fibrosis has rarely been studied. Here, we investigated the role of GDNF in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis in humans and mice.DesignGDNF expression was examined in liver biopsies and sera from patients with liver fibrosis. The functional role of GDNF in liver fibrosis was examined in mice with adenoviral delivery of the GDNF gene, GDNF sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 and the administration of GDNF-blocking antibodies. GDNF was examined on HSC activation using human and mouse primary HSCs. The binding of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) to GDNF was determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), molecular docking, mutagenesis and co-immunoprecipitation.ResultsGDNF mRNA and protein levels are significantly upregulated in patients with stage F4 fibrosis. Serum GDNF content correlates positively with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Col1A1 mRNA in human fibrotic livers. Mice with overexpressed GDNF display aggravated liver fibrosis, while mice with silenced GDNF expression or signalling inhibition by GDNF-blocking antibodies have reduced fibrosis and HSC activation. GDNF is confined mainly to HSCs and contributes to HSC activation through ALK5 at His39and Asp76and through downstream signalling via Smad2/3, but not through GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRα1). GDNF, ALK5 and α-SMA colocalise in human and mouse HSCs, as demonstrated by confocal microscopy.ConclusionsGDNF promotes HSC activation and liver fibrosis through ALK5/Smad signalling. Inhibition of GDNF could be a novel therapeutic strategy to combat liver fibrosis.
Reconsidering the relationship between fast-food outlets, area-level deprivation, diet quality and body mass index: an exploratory structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Hobbs Matthew , Green Mark , Roberts Kath , Griffiths Claire , McKenna Jim 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundInternationally, the prevalence of adults with obesity is a major public health concern. Few studies investigate the explanatory pathways between fast-food outlets and body mass index (BMI). We use structural equation modelling to explore an alternative hypothesis to existing research using area-level deprivation as the predictor of BMI and fast-food outlets and diet quality as mediators.MethodsAdults (n=7544) from wave II of the Yorkshire Health Study provided self-reported diet, height and weight (used to calculate BMI). Diet quality was based on sugary drinks, wholemeal (wholegrain) bread and portions of fruit and vegetables. Fast-food outlets were mapped using the Ordnance Survey Points of Interest within 2 km radial buffers around home postcode which were summed to indicate availability. Age (years), gender (female/male) and long-standing health conditions (yes/no) were included as covariates.ResultsThere was little evidence linking fast-food outlets to diet or BMI. An independent association between fast-food outlet availability and BMI operated counterintuitively and was small in effect. There was also little evidence of mediation between fast-food outlet availability and BMI. However, there was more evidence that area-level deprivation was associated with increased BMI, both as an independent effect and through poorer diet quality.ConclusionThis exploratory study offers a first step for considering complexity and pathways linking fast-food outlets, area-level deprivation, diet quality and BMI. Research should respond to and build on the hypothesised pathways and our simple framework presented within our study.
Sex differences in antihypertensive drug use and blood pressure control
Authors: Wang Junwen , Jiang Weihong , Sharma Manju , Wu Yuyan , Li Jiayin , You Nana , Ding Zewen , Zhao Xiexiong , Chen Huilin , Tang Huiting , Zhou Xiaoyu , Li Xiaogang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is the most important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Epidemiological studies have shown the benefits of lowering blood pressure (BP), but BP control is a major challenge. Furthermore, there are significant sex differences in antihypertensive drug use and BP control. This study examined sex differences in antihypertensive drug use and BP control, with the aim of reducing the complications of hypertension and improving quality of life.MethodsThe study was performed in our outpatient hypertension clinic, and included 1529 patients without secondary hypertension or comorbidities. The study, investigated BP control rates and patterns of antihypertensive drug use in male and female. All data were collected using structured questionnaires and patient measurements.ResultsThe study included 713 males and 816 females in this study. Fewer females had hypertension in the younger age group (16.2% vs 11.6%; p&gt;0.05), but this difference disappeared in middle-aged (47.8% vs 49.9 %; p&lt;0.05) and elderly age groups (36.0% vs 38.5%; p&lt;0.05). BP control rates differed between males and females (35.6% in male, 31.9% in female, p&lt;0.01). There was an overall difference in BP control rates between males and females (35.6% in males, 31.9% in females, p&lt;0.01). In this aged 18–44 years, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) showed the best control rate in males, while calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were least effective (61.5% with ACEIs, 28.6% with CCBs; p&lt;0.05). In this aged 45–64 years, diuretics (DUs) showed the best control rate in females, while CCBs were least effective (47.5% with DUs, 28.3% with CCBs; p&lt;0.05).ConclusionsSex plays an important role in BP control. In those aged 18–44 years, males using ACEIs showed best control rates. In those aged 45–64 years, females using DUs showed best control rates. Our study provides a basis with the selection of antihypertensive drugs according to sex and age.