bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geophysical, evolutionary and ecological processes interact to drive phylogenetic dispersion in angiosperm assemblages along the longest elevational gradient in the world
Authors: Qian Hong , Sandel Brody , Deng Tao , Vetaas Ole R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEcologists have embraced phylogenetic measures of assemblage structure, in large part for the promise of better mechanistic inferences. However, phylogenetic structure is driven by a wide array of factors from local biotic interactions to biogeographical history, complicating the mechanistic interpretation of a pattern. This may be particularly problematic along elevational gradients, where rapidly changing physical and biological conditions overlap with geological and biogeographical history, potentially producing complex patterns of phylogenetic dispersion (relatedness). We focus on the longest elevational gradient of vegetation in the world (i.e. c. 6000 m in Nepal) to explore patterns of phylogenetic dispersion for angiosperms (flowering plants) along this elevational gradient. We used the net relatedness index to quantify phylogenetic dispersion for each elevational band of 100 m. We found a zig-zag pattern of phylogenetic dispersion along this elevational gradient. With increasing elevation, the phylogenetic relatedness of species decreased for the elevational segment between 0 and c. 2100 m, increased for the elevational segment between 2100 and c. 4200 m, and decreased for the elevational segment above c. 4200 m. We consider this pattern to be a result of the interaction of geophysical (e.g. plate tectonics) and eco-evolutionary processes (e.g. niche conservatism and trait convergence). We speculate on the mechanisms that might have generated this zig-zag pattern of phylogenetic dispersion.
Assessing the Potential for Interaction in Insecticidal Activity Between MON 87751 × MON 87701 Produced by Conventional Breeding
Authors: Levine Steven L , Fridley Jennifer M , Uffman Joshua P 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPyramiding (combining) of plant incorporated protectants (PIPs) with insecticidal activity in genetically engineered crops is a strategy used to improve efficacy as well as delay potential resistance for a specific group of targets. In some countries, a regulatory risk assessment is required for breeding “stacks” expressing multiple PIPs and these countries may require an assessment of potential interaction among the PIPs. This study evaluated whether combining soybean events MON 87551 and MON 87701 results in a toxicological interaction that effects a species that is controlled by each event. MON 87751 coexpresses the Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins and MON 87701 expresses the Cry1Ac protein. EC50 values for MON 87751 and MON 87701 were comparable in diet-incorporation bioassays using corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Helicoverpa zea) and the observed combined activity of the stack was consistent with predictions of additivity (i.e., no interaction). Under the concentration and response addition models, predicted and observed median effect levels differed by <10%. These results demonstrate independent action at the median effect level between the insecticidal activity of MON 87751 and MON 87701. Taken together, no interaction between these PIPs and acceptable margins of safety for the individual proteins to nontarget organisms, it is appropriate to bridge back to the risk assessments for the individual products that demonstrated environmental safety of stack products containing both MON 87751 and MON 87701.
Diagnostic score of cardiac involvement in AL amyloidosis
Authors: Nicol Martin , Baudet Mathilde , Brun Stephanie , Harel Stephanie , Royer Bruno , Vignon Marguerite , Lairez Olivier , Lavergne David , Jaccard Arnaud , Attias David , Macron Laurent , Gayat Etienne , Cohen-Solal Alain , Arnulf Bertrand , Logeart Damien 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Early diagnosis of cardiac involvement is a key issue in the management of AL amyloidosis. Our objective was to establish a diagnostic score of cardiac involvement in AL amyloidosis and to compare it with the current consensus criteria [i.e. left ventricular hypertrophy &gt;12 mm and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) &gt;332 ng/L].

Methods and results
We carried out a prospective and multicenter study on AL amyloidosis patients who underwent cardiac evaluation including clinical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac biomarkers, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Cardiac involvement was based on CMR and/or endomyocardial biopsy. In a derivation cohort of 114 patients (82 with cardiac involvement), the highest diagnostic accuracy was observed with NT-proBNP and troponin blood levels, TTE-derived global longitudinal strain (LS), and apical to basal LS gradient. By using multivariate analysis, we established a diagnostic score including global LS ≥−17% (1 point), apical/(basal + median) LS ≥0.90 (1 point), and troponin T &gt;35 ng/L (1 point). A score &gt;1 was associated with sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 97%, an area under the curve of 0.98 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–0.99] as well as a net reclassification index of 0.39 (95% CI 0.28–0.46) when compared with consensus criteria. In a validation cohort of 73 AL amyloidosis patients, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the diagnostic score was 0.97 (95% CI 0.90–0.99).

Conclusion
Combining T troponin blood levels and two echo-derived strain parameters leads to very high accuracy for diagnosing cardiac involvement in AL amyloid patients.
PCSK9 and inflammation: a review of experimental and clinical evidence
Authors: Momtazi-Borojeni Amir Abbas , Sabouri-Rad Sarvenaz , Gotto Antonio M , Pirro Matteo , Banach Maciej , Awan Zuhier , Barreto George E , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) is now identified as an important and major player in hypercholesterolaemia and atherosclerosis pathophysiology. PCSK9, through promoting lysosomal degradation of hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, can decrease the clearance of plasma LDLs, leading to hypercholesterolaemia and consequent atherosclerotic plaque formation. Hypercholesterolaemia has been found to promote systemic and vascular inflammation, which can cause atherosclerotic lesion formation and progression and subsequent incidence of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown the involvement of PCSK9 in the inflammatory pathway of atherosclerosis. Although trials with PCSK9 inhibitors have not shown any alteration in plasma C-reactive protein levels, there is accumulating evidence showing lessened inflammatory response in the arterial wall that could attenuate atherosclerotic plaque development beyond the established LDL-lowering effect of PCSK9 inhibition. In this review, we represent mounting evidence indicating that PCSK9 can locally increase vascular inflammation and contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression in patients with hypercholesterolaemia.
Long-term measurements of fish backscatter from Saildrone unmanned surface vehicles and comparison with observations from a noise-reduced research vessel
Authors: De Robertis Alex , Lawrence-Slavas Noah , Jenkins Richard , Wangen Ivar , Mordy Calvin W , Meinig Christian , Levine Mike , Peacock Dave , Tabisola Heather 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Two Saildrone unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) were instrumented with echosounders and deployed in the Bering Sea to make acoustic observations of walleye pollock for 103 days. The Saildrones proved to be a suitable platform for measurement of fish backscatter: they produced high-quality measurements at wind speeds of &lt;10 m s−1. Pollock backscatter measured from the Saildrones was compared to backscatter measured by a noise-reduced research vessel during two “follow-the-leader” comparisons. In a location where pollock were shallowly distributed (30–100 m), there was evidence of depth-dependent avoidance reactions to the ship. This behaviour was not evident in a second comparison, where the fish were primarily deeper than 90 m. Opportunistic comparisons indicate that backscatter where the ship and USVs crossed paths was similar. However, the Saildrones observed higher densities of shallow fish, which is consistent with the diving response inferred in the first follow-the-leader comparison. USVs equipped with echosounders, like all platforms, have inherent strengths (endurance) and limitations (species identification) that should be carefully considered for a given application. USVs can complement traditional ship-based surveys by increasing the spatial and temporal extent of acoustic observations, and their use is likely to become more widespread.
Improving compliance of recreational fishers with Rockfish Conservation Areas: community–academic partnership to achieve and evaluate conservation
Authors: Ban Natalie C , Kushneryk Katrina , Falk Jenna , Vachon Alanna , Sleigh Laurel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Compliance is a key factor in ensuring success of marine conservation. We describe a community–academic partnership that seeks to reduce non-compliance of recreational fishers with Rockfish Conservation Areas (RCAs) around Galiano Island in British Columbia, Canada. Previous work showed mostly unintentional non-compliance by recreational fishers. From 2015 to 2018 we developed and implemented outreach and public education activities. We distributed information at community events, and installed 46 metal signs with maps of nearby RCAs at marinas, ferry terminals, and boat launches. During the summers of 2015, 2017, and 2018, we interviewed 86 recreational fishers to gauge their compliance with RCAs. Compared with a baseline in 2014, there was a reduction of 22% (from 25 to 3%) of people who unintentionally fished in RCAs with prohibited gears. In 2018, 67% of participants had seen our outreach materials. We used trail cameras overlooking RCAs to assess non-compliance in six locations on Galiano Island. Illegal fishing incidents within RCAs declined from 42% of days monitored in 2014 to 14% in 2018. Although our outreach efforts were limited in scale and scope, they appear to be making a difference. Our activities and findings can provide guidance for other regions seeking to improve compliance by recreational fishers.
Hodge-Index Type Inequalities, Hyperbolic Polynomials, and Complex Hessian Equations
Authors: Xiao Jian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
It is noted that using complex Hessian equations and the concavity inequalities for elementary symmetric polynomials implies a generalized form of Hodge index inequality. Inspired by this result, using Gårding’s theory for hyperbolic polynomials, we obtain a mixed Hodge-index type theorem for classes of type $(1,1)$. The new feature is that this Hodge-index type theorem holds with respect to mixed polarizations in which some satisfy particular positivity condition but could be degenerate and even negative along some directions.
Duality for Commutative Group Stacks
Authors: Brochard Sylvain 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We study in this article the dual of a (strictly) commutative group stack $G$ and give some applications. Using the Picard functor and the Picard stack of $G$, we first give some sufficient conditions for $G$ to be dualizable. Then, for an algebraic stack $X$ with suitable assumptions, we define an Albanese morphism $a_X: X\longrightarrow A^1(X)$ where $A^1(X)$ is a torsor under the dual commutative group stack $A^0(X)$ of $\textrm{Pic}_{X/S}$. We prove that $a_X$ satisfies a natural universal property. We give two applications of our Albanese morphism. On the one hand, we give a geometric description of the elementary obstruction and of universal torsors (standard tools in the study of rational varieties over number fields). On the other hand, we give some examples of algebraic stacks that satisfy Grothendieck’s section conjecture.
Body and Pectoral Fin Kinematics During Routine Yaw Turning in Bonnethead Sharks (Sphyrna tiburo)
Authors: Hoffmann S L , Porter M E 
Published: June 2019

SynopsisManeuvering is a crucial locomotor strategy among aquatic vertebrates, common in routine swimming, feeding, and escape responses. Combinations of whole body and fin movements generate an imbalance of forces resulting in deviation from an initial path. Sharks have elongate bodies that bend substantially and, in combination with pectoral fin rotation, play a role in yaw (horizontal) turning, but previous studies focus primarily on maximal turning performance rather than routine maneuvers. Routine maneuvering is largely understudied in fish swimming, despite observations that moderate maneuvering is much more common than the extreme behaviors commonly described in the literature. In this study, we target routine maneuvering in the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. We use video reconstruction of moving morphology to describe three-dimensional pectoral fin rotation about three axes to compare to those previously described on yaw turning by the Pacific spiny dogfish. We quantify kinematic variables to understand the impacts of body and fin movements on routine turning performance. We also describe the anatomy of bonnethead pectoral fins and use muscle stimulation to confirm functional hypotheses about their role in actuating the fin. The turning performance metrics we describe for bonnethead sharks are comparable to other routine maneuvers described for the Pacific spiny dogfish and manta rays. These turns were substantially less agile and maneuverable than previously documented for other sharks, which we hypothesize results from the comparison of routine turning to maneuvering under stimulated conditions. We suggest that these results highlight the importance of considering routine maneuvering in future studies. Cinemática del Cuerpo y de las Aletas Pectorales Durante el giro en el eje Vertical en la Cabeza del Tiburón Pala (Sphyrna tiburo) (Body and Pectoral Fin Kinematics During Routine Yaw Turning in Bonnethead Sharks [Sphyrna tiburo])
Trends in antimicrobial resistance over 10 years among key bacterial pathogens from Canadian hospitals: results of the CANWARD study 2007–16
Authors: Lagacé-Wiens Philippe R S , Adam Heather J , Poutanen Susan , Baxter Melanie R , Denisuik Andrew J , Golden Alyssa R , Nichol Kimberly A , Walkty Andrew , Karlowsky James A , Mulvey Michael R , Golding George , Hoban Daryl J , Zhanel George G ,   Canadian Antimicrobial Resistance Alliance (CARA) and CANWARD, Zhanel George G , Hoban Daryl J , Adam Heather J , Baxter Melanie R , Nichol Kimberly A , Lagacé-Wiens Philippe R S , Walkty Andrew , Karlowsky James A , Blondeau J , Slinger R , Davidson R , Zhanel G , Hoban D , Delport J , Ellis C , Laverdière M , Loo V , Poutanen S , Fuller J , Roscoe D , Desjardins M , Matukas L , Goyette M , Lee C , Carignan A , Bergevin M , Pelletier R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to analyse 10 years of longitudinal surveillance data (2007–16) from the CANWARD study and describe emerging trends in antimicrobial resistance for key bacterial pathogens across Canada.MethodsLongitudinal data from CANWARD study sites that contributed isolates every year from 2007 to 2016 were analysed to identify trends in antimicrobial resistance over time using univariate tests of trend and multivariate regression models to account for the effects of patient demographics.ResultsStatistically significant increases occurred in the proportion of Escherichia coli isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Similarly, the proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and carbapenems increased during the study. The proportion of Enterobacter cloacae isolates resistant to ceftazidime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole increased. The proportion of both ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae (including bloodstream isolates) increased significantly between 2007 and 2016. A reduction in the proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were ciprofloxacin, cefepime, colistin, amikacin and gentamicin resistant and an increase in the proportion of P. aeruginosa isolates non-susceptible to meropenem were observed. The proportion of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus non-susceptible to clarithromycin, clindamycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole decreased over time while an increase in the proportion of isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae non-susceptible to clarithromycin, clindamycin and doxycycline was observed.ConclusionsIncreases in Enterobacteriaceae resistance to multiple classes of antimicrobials, increases in ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and the small but significant increase in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae were the most remarkable changes in antimicrobial resistance observed from 2007 to 2016 in Canada.
Annual vs Biennial Screening: Diagnostic Accuracy Among Concurrent Cohorts Within the Ontario Breast Screening Program
Authors: Chiarelli Anna M , Blackmore Kristina M , Mirea Lucia , Done Susan J , Majpruz Vicky , Weerasinghe Ashini , Rabeneck Linda , Muradali Derek 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Ontario Breast Screening Program recommends annual mammography to women age 50–74 years at increased risk because of family history of breast or ovarian cancer or personal history of ovarian cancer or mammographic density 75% or greater. Few studies have examined the diagnostic accuracy of recommendations based on risk factors and included screen film as well as digital mammography.MethodsA retrospective design identified concurrent cohorts of women age 50–74 years screened annually or biennially with digital mammography only between 2011 and 2014 and followed until 2016 or breast cancer diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy measures were compared between women screened annually because of first-degree relative of breast or ovarian cancer or personal history of ovarian cancer (n = 67 795 women), mammographic density 75% or greater (n = 51 956), or both (n = 3758) and those screened biennially (n = 526 815). The association between recommendation and sensitivity and specificity was assessed using generalized estimating equation models. All P values are two-sided.ResultsFor annual screening because of family or personal history vs biennial, sensitivity was statistically significantly higher (81.7% vs 70.6%; OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.48 to 2.34), particularly for invasive cancers and postmenopausal women. Although there was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity for annual screening for mammographic density 75% or greater, specificity was statistically significantly lower (91.3%; OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80 to 0.96) vs biennial (92.3%), particularly for women age 50–59 years.ConclusionCompared with biennial screening, annual screening improved detection for women with a family or personal history of breast and/or ovarian cancer, supporting screening that is more frequent. The benefit for annual screening for women with higher mammographic density must be weighed against possible harms of increased false positives.
The intelligence analysis of personal characters about ordinary world
Authors: Yuan Ying 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Psychological analysis of characters in ordinary novels is mainly a qualitative analysis, which is easily affected by the researchers’ reading level, theoretical literacy, subjective experience, and other factors. With the development of computer technology and big data, stable and systematic personality can more accurately describe the psychology of text characters. This article adopts the method of literary intelligence analysis based on data mining and statistics, through the Chinese psychological analysis system, the language of the characters in the novel of ordinary world can be counted, processed, and disposed, and then obtains the big five personality prediction scores of the characters. Furthermore, the validity of the intelligent analysis method is confirmed by examining the verification of the predictive scores in the text and literature. After verification by many parties, the predicted results of this article are supported by the text and literature, which shows that literary intelligence analysis of novel characters’ personalities is effective.
Targeting PDGFRα-activated glioblastoma through specific inhibition of SHP-2–mediated signaling
Authors: Sang Youzhou , Hou Yanli , Cheng Rongrong , Zheng Liang , Alvarez Angel A , Hu Bo , Cheng Shi-Yuan , Zhang Weiwei , Li Yanxin , Feng Haizhong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor, with dismal median survival. Treatment of GBM is particularly challenging given the intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy and difficulty of drugs to reach the tumor beds due to the blood–brain barrier. Here, we examined the efficacy of SHP099, a potent, selective, and oral SHP-2 inhibitor for treating GBM with activated platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) signaling.

Methods
The effects of SHP099 on cell survival of neural progenitor cells (NPCs), GBM cell lines, and patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) were evaluated. Brain and plasma pharmacokinetics of SHP099 and its ability to inhibit SHP-2 signaling were assessed. SHP099 efficacy as a single agent or in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) was assessed using transformed mouse astrocyte and GSC orthotopic xenograft models.

Results
Activated PDGFRα signaling in established GBM cells, GSCs, and transformed mouse astrocytes was significantly inhibited by SHP099 compared with NPCs in vitro and in vivo through targeting SHP-2–stimulated activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 in GBM. SHP099 treatment specifically inhibited expression of JUN, a downstream effector of PDGFR signaling, thereby attenuating cell cycle progression in GBM cells with activated PDGFRα. Moreover, SHP099 accumulated at efficacious concentrations in the brain and effectively inhibited orthotopic GBM tumor xenograft growth. SHP099 exhibited antitumor activity either as a single agent or in combination with TMZ and provided significant survival benefits for GBM tumor xenograft-bearing animals.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrate the utility and feasibility of SHP099 as a potential therapeutic option for improving the clinical treatment of GBM in combination with TMZ.