bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of sediment transport in a U-shaped channel with lateral intake: Effects of intake position and diversion angle
Authors: Tavakoli Keivan , Montaseri Hossien , Omidvar Pourya , Evangelista Stefania 
Published: June 2019

In this work, the mechanism of sediment transport in a U-shaped channel with a lateral intake is investigated experimentally and numerically, together with the processes of sediment entry into the intake itself and formation of bed topography. Dry sediment is injected into a steady flow in a rigid channel with a bend and sediment particles are traced in time. In order to validate the numerical model, the three components of the flow velocity, as well as the sediment path in time and the diverted sediment ratios, are measured experimentally. A numerical Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is then applied to study the effect of the intake position and diversion angle on the sediment transport mechanism in the bend. The DPM has, in fact, the capability of specifying for each particle its position relative to a reference time and space and, thereby, it is used in this study to analyze the phenomenon evolution and determine the sediment particles diverted into the intake. The comparison between the experimental data and the DPM numerical results shows a good agreement. In order to investigate the mechanism of sediment transport and to evaluate the percentage of the diverted sediments, a parametric study is then conducted through the numerical model, with different positions of the outer bend of the channel, diversion angles of the lateral intake and diversion discharge ratios. The results show that the mechanism of sediment entry into the lateral intake is affected by the diversion discharge ratio. For low discharge ratios, the mechanism of sediment entry to the lateral intake only consists of continuous entrance from the upstream edge of the intake. With the increase of the discharge ratio, it consists of a continuous entrance from the downstream edge and a periodic entrance from the upstream edge of the intake. The DPM results show that, for all diversion discharge ratios, the minimum percentage of sediment entered into the lateral intake corresponds to the position of 120∘ and diversion angle equal to 50∘.
A New Impedance Controller Based on Nonlinear Model Reference Adaptive Control for Exoskeleton Systems
Authors: Gui Kai , Tan U-Xuan , Liu Honghai , Zhang Dingguo 
Published: June 2019

Robotic exoskeletons are expected to show high compliance and low impedance for human–robot interactions (HRIs). Our study introduces a novel method based on nonlinear model reference adaptive control (MRAC) to reduce the inherent impedance and replace the traditional impedance controller in HRIs. The control law and adaptive law are designed according to a candidate Lyapunov function. A simple system identification and initialization method for the nonlinear MRAC is put forward, which provides a set of better initial values for the controller. From the results of simulation and experiment, our controller can reduce the mechanical impedance and achieve high compliance for HRI. The adaptive control and compliance control can be both achieved by the proposed nonlinear MRAC framework.
Importância de uma regulamentação específica com as definições e classificações dos produtos comercializados como suplementos alimentares, alimentos funcionais e nutracêuticos
Authors: Santos Julia Rodrigues Martins Pastor dos , Albert André Luis Mazzei , Leandro Katia Christina 
Published: June 2019

Este artigo trata da importância de a legislação brasileira regulamentar o termo “suplemento alimentar”, a fim de se adequar às legislações internacionais e ao cenário desse mercado, marcado por constantes inovações tecnológicas e, consequentemente, uma ampla variedade de produtos. São descritas as leis e resoluções de diretoria colegiada publicadas pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária para o registro desses produtos, que são classificados legalmente como alimentos. O artigo apresenta, ainda, as classificações de legislações internacionais e os casos de adulterações.
Regulação de profissões de saúde na perspectiva do direito comparado: as diferentes estratégias regulatórias de Argentina, Paraguai, Uruguai, Canadá e Austrália
Authors: Aith Fernando Mussa Abujamra 
Published: June 2019

Este número da Revista de Direito Sanitário apresenta, em seu tema em debate, os modelos jurídicos de regulação de profissões de saúde adotados por Argentina, Paraguai, Uruguai, Austrália e Canadá. Os artigos publicados oferecem um quadro extremamente claro e didático sobre como cada um desses países está enfrentando os seus desafios de regulação das profissões de saúde no mundo contemporâneo.
Targeting Nonpulmonary Vein Sources in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Identified by Noncontact Charge Density Mapping
Authors: Willems Stephan , Verma Atul , Betts Timothy R. , Murray Steven , Neuzil Petr , Ince Hüseyin , Steven Daniel , Sultan Arian , Heck Patrick M. , Hall Mark C. , Tondo Claudio , Pison Laurent , Wong Tom , Boersma Lucas V. , Meyer Christian , Grace Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Identification and elimination of nonpulmonary vein targets may improve clinical outcomes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). We report on the use of a novel, noncontact imaging and mapping system that uses ultrasound to reconstruct atrial chamber anatomy and measures timing and density of dipolar, ionic activation (ie, charge density) across the myocardium to guide ablation of atrial arrhythmias.

Methods:
The prospective, nonrandomized UNCOVER AF trial (Utilizing Novel Dipole Density Capabilities to Objectively Visualize the Etiology of Rhythms in Atrial Fibrillation) was conducted at 13 centers across Europe and Canada. Patients with persistent AF (>7 days, <1 year) aged 18 to 80 years, scheduled for de novo catheter ablation, were eligible. Before pulmonary vein isolation, AF was mapped and then iteratively remapped to guide each subsequent ablation of charge density–identified targets. AF recurrence was evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using continuous 24-hour ECG monitors. The primary effectiveness outcome was freedom from AF >30 seconds at 12 months for a single procedure with a secondary outcome being acute procedural efficacy. The primary safety outcome was freedom from device/procedure-related major adverse events.

Results:
Between October 2016 and April 2017, 129 patients were enrolled, and 127 underwent mapping and catheter ablation. Acute procedural efficacy was demonstrated in 125 patients (98%). At 12 months, single procedure freedom from AF on or off antiarrhythmic drugs was 72.5% (95% CI, 63.9%–80.3%). After 1 or 2 procedures, freedom from AF was 93.2% (95% CI, 87.1%–97.0%). A total of 29 (23%) retreatments because of arrhythmia recurrence were performed with average time from index procedure to first retreatment being 7 months. The primary safety outcome was 98% with no device-related major adverse events reported.

Conclusions:
This novel ultrasound imaging and charge density mapping system safely guided ablation of nonpulmonary vein targets in persistent AF patients with 73% single procedure and 93% second procedure freedom from AF at 12 months.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02825992 EU/NCT02462980 CN.
Inhibition of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 With a Monoclonal Antibody Reduces Triglycerides in Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Ahmad Zahid , Banerjee Poulabi , Hamon Sara , Chan Kuo-Chen , Bouzelmat Aurelie , Sasiela William J. , Pordy Robert , Mellis Scott , Dansky Hayes , Gipe Daniel A. , Dunbar Richard L. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and may be caused by impaired lipoprotein clearance. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibits lipoprotein lipase activity, increasing triglycerides and other lipids. Evinacumab, an ANGPTL3 inhibitor, reduced triglycerides in healthy human volunteers and in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic individuals. Results from 2 Phase 1 studies in hypertriglyceridemic subjects are reported here.

Methods:
Subjects with triglycerides >150 but ≤450 mg/dL and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dL (n=83 for single ascending dose study [SAD]; n=56 for multiple ascending dose study [MAD]) were randomized 3:1 to evinacumab:placebo. SAD subjects received evinacumab subcutaneously at 75/150/250 mg, or intravenously at 5/10/20 mg/kg, monitored up to day 126. MAD subjects received evinacumab subcutaneously at 150/300/450 mg once weekly, 300/450 mg every 2 weeks, or intravenously at 20 mg/kg once every 4 weeks up to day 56 with 6 months of follow-up. The primary outcomes were incidence and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events. Efficacy analyses included changes in triglycerides and other lipids over time.

Results:

In the SAD, 32 (51.6%) versus 9 (42.9%) subjects on evinacumab versus placebo reported treatment-emergent adverse events. In the MAD, 21 (67.7%) versus 9 (75.0%) subjects on subcutaneously evinacumab versus placebo and 6 (85.7%) versus 1 (50.0%) on intravenously evinacumab versus placebo reported treatment-emergent adverse events. No serious treatment-emergent adverse events or events leading to death or treatment discontinuation were reported. Elevations in alanine aminotransferase (7 [11.3%] SAD), aspartate aminotransferase (4 [6.5%] SAD), and creatinine phosphokinase (2 [3.2%) SAD, 1 [14.3%] MAD) were observed with evinacumab (none in the placebo groups), which were single elevations and were not dose-related. Dose-dependent reductions in triglycerides were observed in both studies, with maximum reduction of 76.9% at day 3 with 10 mg/kg intravenously (
P
<0.0001) in the SAD and of 83.1% at day 2 with 20 mg/kg intravenously once every 4 weeks (
P
=0.0003) in the MAD. Significant reductions in other lipids were observed with most evinacumab doses versus placebo.

Conclusion:

Evinacumab was well-tolerated in 2 Phase 1 studies. Lipid changes in hypertriglyceridemic subjects were similar to those observed with
ANGPTL3
loss-of-function mutations. Because the latter is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, ANGPTL3 inhibition may improve clinical outcomes.

Clinical Trial Registration:

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01749878 and NCT02107872.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Brain Infarcts and Associations With Cognitive Performance in Tenants of Marginal Housing
Authors: Zhou Lily W. , Panenka William J. , Jones Andrea A. , Gicas Kristina M. , Thornton Allen E. , Heran Manraj K. S. , Volders David , Lang Donna J. , Vertinsky Alexandra Talia , Rauscher Alexander , Su Wayne , Barr Alasdair M. , MacEwan Gordon William , Honer William G. , Field Thalia S. 
Published: June 2019

Background
Homeless and vulnerably housed individuals are at increased risk for multimorbidity compared with the general population. We assessed prevalence of brain infarcts on neuroimaging and associations with vascular risk factors and cognitive performance in a prospective study of residents living in marginal housing.

Methods and Results

Two hundred twenty‐eight participants underwent structured clinical interviews, targeted clinical, laboratory, and neuropsychological assessments, and magnetic resonance imaging with T
1
, T
2
‐fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery and susceptibility‐weighted images. Subjects underwent cognitive testing to assess premorbid
IQ
, verbal learning and memory, inhibition, sustained attention, mental flexibility, and decision making. In this sample (mean age 44.0 years [
SD
9.4], 77% male), prevalence of conventional vascular risk factors was lower than in the general population apart from tobacco use (94%). Ten‐year Framingham risk for any cardiovascular event was 11.4%±9.2%. Brain infarcts were present in 25/228 (11%). All were ischemic (40% cortical, 56% lacunar, 4% both). Participants with infarcts were older than those without (48.9±9.4 versus 43.4±9.2,
P
=0.006). In a multivariable regression analysis, only age remained a significant predictor of brain infarcts (odds ratio 1.08, 95%
CI
1.02–1.14,
P
=0.004). After controlling for age and education, the presence of infarct was a significant predictor of impaired decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task of decision making (β −28.2, 95%
CI
−42.7 to −14.1,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Prevalence of infarcts on neuroimaging in this disadvantaged, community‐dwelling cohort was much higher than expected for age and was associated with impaired decision making. Further research is needed to identify individuals at highest risk who may benefit from targeted preventative strategies.
Identification of Differential Roles of MicroRNA‐33a and ‐33b During Atherosclerosis Progression With Genetically Modified Mice
Authors: Koyama Satoshi , Horie Takahiro , Nishino Tomohiro , Baba Osamu , Sowa Naoya , Miyasaka Yui , Kuwabara Yasuhide , Nakao Tetsushi , Nishiga Masataka , Nishi Hitoo , Nakashima Yasuhiro , Nakazeki Fumiko , Ide Yuya , Kimura Masahiro , Tsuji Shuhei , Ruiz Rodriguez Randolph , Xu Sijia , Yamasaki Tomohiro , Otani Chiharu , Watanabe Toshimitsu , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Hasegawa Koji , Kimura Takeshi , Ono Koh 
Published: June 2019

Background

Micro
RNA
(miR)‐33 targets cholesterol transporter
ATP
‐binding cassette protein A1 and other antiatherogenic targets and contributes to atherogenic progression. Its inhibition or deletion is known to result in the amelioration of atherosclerosis in mice. However, mice lack the other member of the miR‐33 family, miR‐33b, which exists in humans and other large mammals. Thus, precise evaluation and comparison of the responsibilities of these 2 miRs during the progression of atherosclerosis has not been reported, although they are essential.

Methods and Results

In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the difference between the function of miR‐33a and miR‐33b using genetically modified mice. We generated 4 strains with or without miR‐33a and miR‐33b. Comparison between mice with only miR‐33a (wild‐type mice) and mice with only miR‐33b (miR‐33a
−/−
/miR‐33b
+/+
) revealed the dominant expression of miR‐33b in the liver. To evaluate the whole body atherogenic potency of miR‐33a and miR‐33b, we developed apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a
+/+
/miR‐33b
−/−
mice and apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a
−/−
/miR‐33b
+/+
mice. With a high‐fat and high‐cholesterol diet, the apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a
−/−
/miR‐33b
+/+
mice developed increased atherosclerotic plaque versus apolipoprotein E–deficient/miR‐33a
+/+
/miR‐33b
−/−
mice, in line with the predominant expression of miR‐33b in the liver and worsened serum cholesterol profile. By contrast, a bone marrow transplantation study showed no significant difference, which was consistent with the relevant expression levels of miR‐33a and miR‐33b in bone marrow cells.

Conclusions
The miR‐33 family exhibits differences in distribution and regulation and particularly in the progression of atherosclerosis; miR‐33b would be more potent than miR‐33a.
Eye Opener in Stroke
Authors: Nguyen Hung , Lee Jea Young , Sanberg Paul R. , Napoli Eleonora , Borlongan Cesar V. 
Published: June 2019

Background and Purpose—
Retinal ischemia is a major cause of visual impairment in stroke patients, but our incomplete understanding of its pathology may contribute to a lack of effective treatment. Here, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal ischemia and probed the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in mitochondrial repair under such pathological condition.

Methods—
In vivo, rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion then randomly treated with intravenous MSCs or vehicle. Laser Doppler was used to evaluate the blood flow in the brain and the eye, while immunohistochemical staining assessed cellular degeneration at days 3 and 14 poststroke. In vitro, retinal pigmented epithelium cells were exposed to either oxygen-glucose deprivation or oxygen-glucose deprivation and coculture with MSCs, and subsequently, cell death and mitochondrial function were examined immunocytochemically and with Seahorse analyzer, respectively.

Results—
Middle cerebral artery occlusion significantly reduced blood flow in the brain and the eye accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction and ganglion cell death at days 3 and 14 poststroke. Intravenous MSCs elicited mitochondrial repair and improved ganglion cell survival at day 14 poststroke. Oxygen-glucose deprivation similarly induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in retinal pigmented epithelium cells; coculture with MSCs restored mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial network morphology, and mitochondrial dynamics, which likely attenuated oxygen-glucose deprivation-mediated retinal pigmented epithelium cell death.

Conclusions—
Retinal ischemia is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which can be remedied by stem cell-mediated mitochondrial repair.
Revision of the Alpheus nuttingi (Schmitt) species complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR , HURT CARLA , KNOWLTON NANCY 
Published: June 2019

The Alpheus nuttingi (Schmitt, 1924) species complex consists of three species. The only western Atlantic species, A. nuttingi, occurs from the southeastern United States to Brazil. The two eastern Pacific species are A. galapagensis Sivertsen, 1933 (synonyms: A. canalis Kim & Abele, 1988; A. cryptodentatus Christoffersen & Ramos, 1988), which occurs from the Gulf of California to Colombia and Galapagos, and A. millsae, n. sp., presently known only from a few localities in Panama. The three species differ morphologically, genetically, and in color pattern. The two eastern Pacific species both can be found in the intertidal, but A. millsae, n. sp. occurs slightly deeper, suggesting the possibility of ecological speciation. All evidence shows that A. nuttingi and A. millsae, n. sp. are transisthmian sister species, with A. galapagensis forming their sister clade. Genetic differentiation between the transisthmian sister species suggests a divergence time of approximately 6 mya, well before the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama.
A Drift-Free Decadal Climate Prediction System for the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Timmermann Axel , Widlansky Matthew J. , Zhang Shaoqing , Balmaseda Magdalena A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Performance of a newly developed decadal climate prediction system is examined using the low-resolution Community Earth System Model (CESM). To identify key sources of predictability and determine the role of upper and deeper ocean data assimilation, we first conduct a series of perfect model experiments. These experiments reveal the importance of upper ocean temperature and salinity assimilation in reducing sea surface temperature biases. However, to reduce biases in the sea surface height, data assimilation below 300 m in the ocean is necessary, in particular for high-latitude regions. The perfect model experiments clearly emphasize the key role of combined three-dimensional ocean temperature and salinity assimilation in reproducing mean state and model trajectories. Applying this knowledge to the realistic decadal climate prediction system, we conducted an ensemble of ocean assimilation simulations with the fully coupled CESM covering the period 1960–2014. In this system, we assimilate three-dimensional ocean temperature and salinity data into the ocean component of CESM. Instead of assimilating direct observations, we assimilate temperature and salinity anomalies obtained from the ECMWF Ocean Reanalysis version 4 (ORA-S4). Anomalies are calculated relative to the sum of the ORA-S4 climatology and an estimate of the externally forced signal. As a result of applying the balanced ocean conditions to the model, our hindcasts show only very little drift and initialization shocks. This new prediction system exhibits multiyear predictive skills for decadal climate variations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and North Pacific decadal variability.
Identifying Key Controls on Storm Formation over the Lake Victoria Basin
Authors: Woodhams Beth J. , Birch Cathryn E. , Marsham John H. , Lane Todd P. , Bain Caroline L. , Webster Stuart 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Lake Victoria region in East Africa is a hot spot for intense convective storms that are responsible for the deaths of thousands of fishermen each year. The processes responsible for the initiation, development, and propagation of the storms are poorly understood and forecast skill is limited. Key processes for the life cycle of two storms are investigated using Met Office Unified Model convection-permitting simulations with 1.5 km horizontal grid spacing. The two cases are analyzed alongside a simulation of a period with no storms to assess the roles of the lake–land breeze, downslope mountain winds, prevailing large-scale winds, and moisture availability. While seasonal changes in large-scale moisture availability play a key role in storm development, the lake–land-breeze circulation is a major control on the initiation location, timing, and propagation of convection. In the dry season, opposing offshore winds form a bulge of moist air above the lake surface overnight that extends from the surface to ~1.5 km and may trigger storms in high CAPE/low CIN environments. Such a feature has not been explicitly observed or modeled in previous literature. Storms over land on the preceding day are shown to alter the local atmospheric moisture and circulation to promote storm formation over the lake. The variety of initiation processes and differing characteristics of just two storms analyzed here show that the mean diurnal cycle over Lake Victoria alone is inadequate to fully understand storm formation. Knowledge of daily changes in local-scale moisture variability and circulations are keys for skillful forecasts over the lake.