bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duodenal L cell density correlates with features of metabolic syndrome and plasma metabolites
Authors: van Baar Annieke C G , Prodan Andrei , Wahlgren Camilla D , Poulsen Steen S , Knop Filip K , Groen Albert K , Bergman Jacques J , Nieuwdorp Max , Levin Evgeni 
Published: April 2018

Background
Enteroendocrine cells are essential for the regulation of glucose metabolism, but it is unknown whether they are associated with clinical features of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and fasting plasma metabolites.

Objective
We aimed to identify fasting plasma metabolites that associate with duodenal L cell, K cell and delta cell densities in subjects with MetS with ranging levels of insulin resistance.

Research design and methods
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated L, K and delta cell density in duodenal biopsies from treatment-naïve males with MetS using machine-learning methodology.

Results
We identified specific clinical biomarkers and plasma metabolites associated with L cell and delta cell density. L cell density was associated with increased plasma metabolite levels including symmetrical dimethylarginine, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, kynurenine and glycine. In turn, these L cell-linked fasting plasma metabolites correlated with clinical features of MetS.

Conclusions
Our results indicate a link between duodenal L cells, plasma metabolites and clinical characteristics of MetS. We conclude that duodenal L cells associate with plasma metabolites that have been implicated in human glucose metabolism homeostasis. Disentangling the causal relation between L cells and these metabolites might help to improve the (small intestinal-driven) pathophysiology behind insulin resistance in human obesity.
Stonewall and Brickwall: Two Partially Redundant Determinants Required for the Maintenance of Female Germline inDrosophila
Authors: Shukla Vallari , Dhiman Neena , Nayak Prajna , Dahanukar Neelesh , Deshpande Girish , Ratnaparkhi Girish S 
Published: April 2018

AbstractProper specification of germline stem cells (GSCs) in Drosophila ovaries depends on niche derived non-autonomous signaling and cell autonomous components of transcriptional machinery. Stonewall (Stwl), a MADF-BESS family protein, is one of the cell intrinsic transcriptional regulators involved in the establishment and/or maintenance of GSC fate in Drosophila ovaries. Here we report identification and functional characterization of another member of the same protein family, CG3838/ Brickwall (Brwl) with analogous functions. Loss of function alleles of brwl exhibit age dependent progressive degeneration of the developing ovarioles and loss of GSCs. Supporting the conclusion that the structural deterioration of mutant egg chambers is a result of apoptotic cell death, activated caspase levels are considerably elevated in brwl- ovaries. Moreover, as in the case of stwl mutants, on several instances, loss of brwl activity results in fusion of egg chambers and misspecification of the oocyte. Importantly, brwl phenotypes can be partially rescued by germline specific over-expression of stwl arguing for overlapping yet distinct functional capabilities of the two proteins. Taken together with our phylogenetic analysis, these data suggest that brwl and stwl likely share a common MADF-BESS ancestor and they are expressed in overlapping spatiotemporal domains to ensure robust development of the female germline.
Efficient Expression of Genes in theDrosophilaGermline Using a UAS Promoter Free of Interference by Hsp70 piRNAs
Authors: DeLuca Steven Z , Spradling Allan C 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing the yeast GAL4 transcription factor to control expression in Drosophila melanogaster has long been ineffective in female germ cells during oogenesis. Here, DeLuca and Spradling show that the expression problem of most Drosophila molecular tools...Controlling the expression of genes using a binary system involving the yeast GAL4 transcription factor has been a mainstay of Drosophila developmental genetics for nearly 30 years. However, most existing GAL4 expression constructs only function effectively in somatic cells, but not in germ cells during oogenesis, for unknown reasons. A special upstream activation sequence (UAS) promoter, UASp was created that does express during oogenesis, but the need to use different constructs for somatic and female germline cells has remained a significant technical limitation. Here, we show that the expression problem of UASt and many other Drosophila molecular tools in germline cells is caused by their core Hsp70 promoter sequences, which are targeted in female germ cells by Hsp70-directed Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) generated from endogenous Hsp70 gene sequences. In a genetic background lacking genomic Hsp70 genes and associated piRNAs, UASt-based constructs function effectively during oogenesis. By reducing Hsp70 sequences targeted by piRNAs, we created UASz, which functions better than UASp in the germline and like UASt in somatic cells.
Presentación
Authors: Leal Leal Gloria E. 
Published: April 2018

La revista Trabajo Social conmemora veinte años de la publicación de su primera edición; en esta versión -la número 20, volumen 1, de 2018-, con el propósito de recordar este hecho, se incluyó en la sección de documentos la tarjeta de invitación al acto de lanzamiento, que tuvo lugar en Centro de Convenciones de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Auditorio Alfonso López Pumarejo, el 15 de abril de 1998. Hicieron parte del equipo editorial: Juanita Barreto Gama, Gloria E. Leal, Yolanda López Díaz, Edgar Malagón Bello y María Himelda Ramírez. La serie de artículos seleccionada para esa ocasión abordó el análisis de temáticas relacionadas con las familias.El camino recorrido durante más de dos décadas es el resultado de hacer realidad la idea añeja del colectivo de docentes del Departamento de contar con una revista periódica. Este proyecto se estructuró con la perspectiva de aportar al desarrollo de la disciplina y de construir un espacio que brindara la oportunidad de dar a conocer la producción investigativa de la comunidad académica y profesional en torno a temáticas de interés tanto para la disciplina del Trabajo Social, como para las ciencias humanas y sociales.
Nesnelerin interneti teknolojisi için güvenlik: Var olan mekanizmalar, protokoller ve yaşanılan zorlukların araştırılması
Authors: GÖRMÜŞ Sedat , AYDIN Hakan , ULUTAŞ Güzin 
Published: April 2018

Kablosuz duyarga ağları (KDA) son yıllarda küçük cihazların İnternet'e dahil olmasıyla araştırmacıların yoğun ilgi duyduğu alanlardan birisidir. Geniş uygulama alanlarına hitap eden bu ağlar; askeri, tıbbi, kimyasal ve çevre gözetleme gibi alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) 6LoWPAN, PANA, 6TiSCH gibi protokol eklentileriyle, uyumlu ve kararlı bir şekilde küçük cihazların İnternet'e dahil edilmesi için çalışmalar yürütmektedir. Bu çalışmaların nihai hedefi, birbirleriyle İnternet üzerinden haberleşebilecek nesnelerin oluşturacağı yeni nesil İnternet'i mümkün kılmaktır. Milyarlarca cihazı birbirine global olarak bağlayacak olan bu yeni nesil ağ kavramına Nesnelerin İnternet’i (Internet of Things) ya da "Şeylerin İnternet"'i adı verilmektedir. Bu sayede yeni nesil İnternet artık kişisel bilgisayarlar, akıllı telefonlar ve büyük sunucuların oluşturduğu bir İnternet olmaktan öte taşıtlar, ev elektroniği ürünleri, fabrikalar ve giyilebilir elektronik cihazlar gibi küçük cihazların bağlı olduğu bir İnternet olacaktır. Bu yapıların yaygınlaşması ile birlikte bu ağ üzerinde milyarlarca cihaz aktif olarak veri üretecek ve bu verileri tüketeceklerdir. Yeni nesil İnternet'i oluşturacak küçük ve gömülü (embedded) cihazların büyük bölümü, kısıtlı kaynaklarla global İnternet'in ortaya koyduğu birçok güvenlik tehdidiyle başa çıkmak zorunda kalacaklardır. Bu çalışmada Nesnelerin İnterneti teknolojisindeki güvenli haberleşme için kullanılan mekanizmalar ve var olan protokoller küçük cihazların mimari yapısı göz önüne alınarak katman katman incelenecektir. Bu katmanlardaki güvenlik mekanizmalarından ve karşılaşılan zorluklardan bahsedilip; güvenli bir Nesnelerin İnterneti için atılması gereken adımlar hakkında öneriler ortaya konulacaktır. Bu bağlamda 6TiSCH ve 6LoWPAN gibi yeni nesil Nesnelerin İnterneti protokolleri tanıtılarak; bu protokollerde yaşanılan zorluklar için muhtemel güvenlik mekanizmaları ele alınacaktır.
Bakteriyel gösterge faz-düzlem analizi ile kapalı kıyısal sularda kalite izleme
Authors: HAPOĞLU Hale , CAMCIOĞLU Şule , ÖZYURT Baran , YILDIRIM Pelin , YILMAZ Nihal , BALAS Lale 
Published: April 2018

Türkiye Kaş bölgesi kapalı kıyısal sularında, su kalitesinin izlenmesi için Matlab ortamında faz-düzlem analizleri ile gösterge bakteriler ve çözünmüş oksijen (DO), pH ve sıcaklık parametreleri arasındaki ilişki, 20 Eylül 2013- 8 Şubat 2014 tarihleri arası dinamik davranış dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Bakteriyel gösterge faz düzlem analizlerinin iyi bir izleme yöntemi sağladığı ileri sürülmüştür. Sıcaklık, DO ve pH değerlerinin bakteriyel göstergeler üzerine önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bakteriyel göstergeler arasındaki ilişki aynı ölçekte “cusp” diyagramları karşılaştırılarak gözlenmiştir. Total koliform derişiminin fekal koliform (FK) derişimi ile yakın olarak ilgili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Kapalı kıyısal alan su kalitesi bilgisi gösteriminde, ağırlıklı ortalama su kalite indeksi (WQIMP) uygun parametre grupları seçilerek kullanılmıştır. İndeks sayılarını hesaplayarak zaman içinde değişimlerin takip ve analizini sürdürmek için; FK, DO, pH, sıcaklık, bulanıklık, nitrat ve toplam askıda katı olmak üzere yedi değişkenli grup ve FK, sıcaklık, DO olmak üzere üç değişkenli grup başarı ile kullanılmıştır. Parametrelerin kalite değerleri Matlab'da kübik “Hermite” polinomu kullanılarak geliştirilen yazılımdan elde edilmiştir.
PENGARUH FINANCIAL STABILITY, FINANCIAL TARGETS, NATURE OF INDUSTRY DAN INEFFECTIVE MONITORING TERHADAP FINANCIAL STATEMENT (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX)
Authors: Sari Ika Kumala , Istutik Istutik 
Published: April 2018

This research aims to detect the financial statement Fraud by using analysis of fraud triangle. Based on the theory advanced by Donald R Cressey (1953) or the theory of Cressey, there are three conditions that are always present in the act of fraud, namely pressure, opportunity and rationalization which is referred to as the fraud triangle. These three conditions are risk factors for the incidence of fraud in various conditions. However, in this study only analyzed using the fraud triangle element variable pressures and opportunity, and do not use the variable element of rationalization. The variables used in this study consisted of each of the elements including the Financial Stability proxied by the ratio of the change in total assets (ACHANGE), financial targets proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), the nature of the industry which is proxied by the ratio of change in receivables (RECEIVABLE), and ineffective monitoring proxied by the ratio of independent directors (IND) and variable financial statement fraud proxied by the earnings management.The population in this study are a company listed in JII Company (Jakarta Islamic Index) and publish annual reports in a row during 2011-2015. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Based on these criteria was selected 12 companies sampled in this study. The analysis used is multiple linear regression and SPSS 22 software using the results of testing tools.This study indicate that the Financial Stability variables, the financial targets, the nature of the industry a significant positive effect on the Financial Statement Fraud and Ineffective Monitoring while significant negative effect on the Financial Statement Fraud.
Mehmet Rauf’un Halâs Romanında Aşkın Devingenliği
Authors: GÜNGÖR Bilgin 
Published: April 2018

Aşk olgusu edebi eserlerin estetik düzleminde zamansal açıdan iki şekilde yansıma alanı bulur. İlk şekilde aşk, estetik düzlemin başından sonuna kadar herhangi bir değişikliğe uğramaz veya sadece nicel değişime uğrar ve “nesne”sinde (birey, vatan veya aşkın bir varlık) bir sapma olmaz. Bu tür aşka, durağan aşk diyebiliriz. İkinci şekilde ise aşk, estetik düzlem içerisinde nitel bir değişime uğrayarak “nesne”sini de değiştirir ve böylelikle de devingenleşmiş olur. Bu tür aşka da devingen aşk diyebiliriz. Durağan aşk, çoğunlukla estetik düzleminde herhangi bir devinim imkânı olmayan şiirsel metinlerde; devingen aşk ise çoğunlukla devinimin başat bir unsur olduğu anlatısal metinlerde ortaya çıkar. Ayrıca devingen aşkın yönü, genel olarak, bireysel (cinsel) aşktan kendisine kutsiyet atfedilen aşklara, vatani veya ilahi aşka doğrudur. Özellikle geleneksel ve dini metinlerin söylemleri çerçevesinde oluşturulmuş veya toplumsal hayatın katostrofik bir süreç içerisinden “kurtuluş”a erdiği dönemlerde kaleme alınmış edebi eserlerde devingen aşkın varlığına şahit oluruz. Bu incelemede, devingen aşkın anlatısal bir metnin kurgusunda ne şekilde somutlaşabileceğini gözlemleyebilmek amacıyla Mehmet Rauf’un Halâs romanını aşk olgusu çerçevesinde ele alacağız.
Efficiency and Safety
Authors: Steiner Samuel R.H. , Gendi Kirollos , Halanski Matthew A. , Noonan Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The act of applying, univalving, and spreading a plaster cast to accommodate swelling is commonly performed; however, cast saws can cause thermal and/or abrasive injury to the patient. This study aims to identify the optimal time to valve a plaster cast so as to reduce the risk of cast-saw injury and increase spreading efficiency.

Methods:
Plaster casts were applied to life-sized pediatric models and were univalved at set-times of 5, 8, 12, or 25 minutes. Outcome measures included average and maximum force applied during univalving, blade-to-skin touches, cut time, force needed to spread, number of spread attempts, spread completeness, spread distance, saw blade temperature, and skin surface temperature.

Results:
Casts allowed to set for ≥12 minutes had significantly fewer blade-to-skin touches compared with casts that set for <12 minutes (p < 0.001). For average and maximum saw blade force, no significant difference was observed between individual set-times. However, in a comparison of the shorter group (<12 minutes) and the longer group (≥12 minutes), the longer group had a higher average force (p = 0.009) but a lower maximum force (p = 0.036). The average temperature of the saw blade did not vary between groups. The maximum force needed to “pop,” or spread, the cast was greater for the 5-minute and 8-minute set-times. Despite requiring more force to spread the cast, 0% of attempts at 5 minutes and 54% of attempts at 8 minutes were successful in completely spreading the cast, whereas 100% of attempts at 12 and 25 minutes were successful. The spread distance was greatest for the 12-minute set-time at 5.7 mm.

Conclusions:
Allowing casts to set for 12 minutes is associated with decreased blade-to-skin contact, less maximum force used with the saw blade, and a more effective spread.

Clinical Relevance:
Adherence to the 12-minute interval could allow for fewer cast-saw injuries and more effective spreading.
Conflict-of-Interest Disclosures to The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery
Authors: Fu Michael C. , Boddapati Venkat , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Ranawat Anil S. , Albert Todd J. , Dines Joshua S. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Academic journals such as The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (JBJS) require disclosures of financial relationships that authors report as potential conflicts of interest. Because industry payments can take various forms, including food and beverage, consulting, or research payments, the purpose of this study was to determine which categories of industry-reported payments were most frequently considered by authors as irrelevant to their specific publication, and therefore not included in their journal disclosures.

Methods:
Author disclosures were collected from scientific articles published in JBJS in 2016. Payments reported by authors as relevant to the published article were compared with industry-reported payments from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments Database (OPD), which includes all payments to eligible physicians in the United States. The number of authors with payments found in the OPD and appearing in publication-specific disclosures was determined for each payment type. Of note, OPD data are not indicative of relevance to a particular publication; therefore, the accuracy of author disclosures could not be determined in this study.

Results:
A total of 747 eligible authors were included; 60.5% of authors did not report at least 1 payment from their OPD report in their publication-specific disclosures, most frequently representing industry payments for food and beverage (55.7%), followed by travel and lodging (26.9%). Payments for consulting (16.3%), royalties (8.2%), research (8.4%), and ownership interests (1.5%) were not considered to be relevant disclosures for specific journal articles by authors at lower rates than those for food and beverage and for travel and lodging.

Conclusions:
Authors publishing in JBJS were more likely to conclude that industry-reported payments in the OPD for food and beverage and for travel and lodging were irrelevant for specific publications (as disclosed to the journal) than payments for consulting, royalties, research, and ownership interests.
Idiopathic Toe-Walking: Prevalence and Natural History from Birth to Ten Years of Age
Authors: Engström Pähr , Tedroff Kristina 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Children with idiopathic toe-walking, a common pediatric condition, walk some or all of the time on their toes. This condition often causes parental concern, with repeated medical contacts and a range of interventions including stretching, casts, injection of botulinum toxin A, and surgical procedures. The purpose of this cohort study was to document the natural history of this condition.

Methods:
In a population-based cohort of 1,401 healthy 5.5-year-old Swedish children, we found the prevalence of idiopathic toe-walking to be approximately 5% (63 of 1,401). Of the 63 children who had ever been a toe-walker, 26 still were at the age of 5.5 years and were followed in the current study at 8 and 10 years of age. At the 8-year follow-up, parents were asked by telephone whether their child had received any treatment or diagnosis since the 5.5-year assessment, as well as to what extent (approximately 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the time) the child still walked on the toes. At the visit when the children were 10 years of age, their parents were asked the same questions. All 26 children also underwent a neurological examination and an orthopaedic examination focusing on the lower extremities.

Results:
At 8 years of age, 6 of 26 children had ceased toe-walking, and by the age of 10 years, 50 (79%) of the original 63 patients had spontaneously ceased toe-walking. Idiopathic toe-walking did not result in contractures of the triceps surae. One subgroup of children displayed early contracture of the ankle and should thus not be considered idiopathic toe-walkers. Four of the children who still toe-walked at the age of 10 years demonstrated some neurodevelopmental comorbidity.

Conclusions:
By the age of 10 years, 79% of the children who have ever been a toe-walker spontaneously develop a typical gait, without intervention or contractures of the ankle dorsiflexion. The diagnosis of short tendo Achilles should be retained as a separate diagnosis as there is a subset of children with this entity who should be treated early in childhood. Neurodevelopmental comorbidities are common among those who continue to toe-walk.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An Interpretation of Microseismic Spatial Anomalies,b-values, and Magnitude Analyses To Identify Activated Fracture Networks in Horn River Basin
Authors: Yousefzadeh Abdolnaser , Li Qi , Virues Claudio , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: April 2018

SummaryWe analyzed microseismic spatial and temporal distribution, magnitudes, b-values, and treatment data to interpret and explain the observed anomalies in microseismic events recorded during exploitation of shale gas reservoirs in the Horn River Basin of Canada. The b-value shows the relationship between the number of seismic events in a certain area and their magnitudes in a semilogarithmic scale. The b-value is important because small changes in b-value represent large changes in the predicted number of seismic events. In this study, b-value is considered as an indicator of the mechanism of observed microseismicity during hydraulic-fracturing treatments.We estimated the directional diffusivity to define the microseismicity front curve for each stage of hydraulic fracturing. On the basis of our definition of an average front curve, we managed to separate most of the microseismic events that are related to natural-fracture activation from hydraulic-fracturing microseismic events. We analyzed b-values for microseismic events of each stage before and after separating fracture-activation microseismic events from original data, and created a map of b-values in the study area. This allowed us to approximately locate activated fractures mostly in the northeastern part of the study wellpad. The b-value map agrees with our assumption of activated-fracture locations and high ratio of seismic activities. The dominant direction of the suggested activated natural fractures agrees with the general trend of the Trout Lake fault zone located approximately 20 km west of the study area.Suggested fracture direction also agrees with anomalous-events density, energy distribution, and treatment data. We are proposing intermediate b-values for calculation of the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) in areas with both hydraulically fractured events and events related to natural-fracture-network activation in those instances in which it is not viable to separate events based on their origin.
Quantitatively Assessing Hydrate-Blockage Development During Deepwater-Gas-Well Testing
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Zhao Yang , Zhang Jianbo , Wang Xuerui , Yu Jing , Sun Baojiang 
Published: April 2018

Summary
Hydrate-associated problems pose a key concern to the oil and gas industry when moving toward deeper-offshore reservoir development. A better understanding of hydrate-blockage-development behavior can help flow-assurance engineers develop more-economical and environmentally friendly hydrate-management strategies for deepwater operations. In this work, a model is proposed to describe the hydrate-blockage-formation behavior in testing tubing during deepwater-gas-well testing. The reliability of the model is verified with drillstem-testing (DST) data. Case studies are performed with the proposed model. They indicate that hydrates form and deposit on the tubing walls, creating a continuously growing hydrate layer, which narrows the tubing, increases the pressure drop, and finally results in conduit blockage. The hydrate-layer thickness is nonuniform. At some places, the hydrate layer grows more quickly, and this is the high-blockage-risk region (HBRR). The HBRR is not located where the lowest ambient temperature is encountered, but rather at the position where maximum subcooling of the produced gas is presented. As an example case—a deepwater gas well with a water depth of 1565 m and a gas-production rate of 45 × 104 m3/d—the hydrate blockage first forms at the depth of 150 m. In the section with a depth from 50 to 350 m, hydrates deposit more rapidly and this is the HBRR. As the water depth increases and/or the gas-flow rate decreases, the HBRR becomes deeper. Inhibitors can delay the occurrence of hydrate blockage. The hydrate problems can be handled with a smaller amount of inhibitors during deepwater well-testing operations. This work provides new insights for engineers to develop a new-generation flow-assurance technique to handle hydrate-associated problems during deepwater operations.