bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass as a supertrait linked to abundance and behavioral dominance in hummingbirds: A phylogenetic approach
Authors: Bribiesca Rafael , Herrera‐Alsina Leonel , Ruiz‐Sanchez Eduardo , Sánchez‐González Luis A. , Schondube Jorge E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBody mass has been considered one of the most critical organismal traits, and its role in many ecological processes has been widely studied. In hummingbirds, body mass has been linked to ecological features such as foraging performance, metabolic rates, and cost of flying, among others. We used an evolutionary approach to test whether body mass is a good predictor of two of the main ecological features of hummingbirds: their abundances and behavioral dominance. To determine whether a species was abundant and/or behaviorally dominant, we used information from the literature on 249 hummingbird species. For abundance, we classified a species as “plentiful” if it was described as the most abundant species in at least part of its geographic distribution, while we deemed a species to be “behaviorally dominant” when it was described as pugnacious (notably aggressive). We found that plentiful hummingbird species had intermediate body masses and were more phylogenetically related to each other than expected by chance. Conversely, behaviorally dominant species tended to have larger body masses and showed a random pattern of distribution in the phylogeny. Additionally, small‐bodied hummingbird species were not considered plentiful by our definition and did not exhibit behavioral dominance. These results suggest a link between body mass, abundance, and behavioral dominance in hummingbirds. Our findings indicate the existence of a body mass range associated with the capacity of hummingbird species to be plentiful, behaviorally dominant, or to show both traits. The mechanisms behind these relationships are still unclear; however, our results provide support for the hypothesis that body mass is a supertrait that explains abundance and behavioral dominance in hummingbirds.
Seeing is believing? Comparing plant–herbivore networks constructed by field co‐occurrence and DNA barcoding methods for gaining insights into network structures
Authors: Zhu Chunchao , Gravel Dominique , He Fangliang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPlant–herbivore interaction networks provide information about community organization. Two methods are currently used to document pairwise interactions among plants and insect herbivores. One is the traditional method that collects plant–herbivore interaction data by field observation of insect occurrence on host plants. The other is the increasing application of newly developed molecular techniques based on DNA barcodes to the analysis of gut contents. The second method is more appealing because it documents realized interactions. To construct complete interaction networks, each technique of network construction is urgent to be assessed. We addressed this question by comparing the effectiveness and reliability of the two methods in constructing plant–Lepidoptera larval network in a 50 ha subtropical forest in China. Our results showed that the accuracy of diet identification by observation method increased with the number of observed insect occurrences on food plants. In contrast, the molecular method using three plant DNA markers were able to identify food residues for 35.6% larvae and correctly resolved 77.3% plant (diet) species. Network analysis showed molecular networks had threefold more unique host plant species but fewer links than the traditional networks had. The molecular method detected plants that were not sampled by the traditional method, for example, bamboos, bryophytes and lianas in the diets of insect herbivores. The two networks also possessed significantly different structural properties. Our study indicates the traditional observation of co‐occurrence is inadequate, while molecular method can provide higher species resolution of ecological interactions.
Wildfire activity and land use drove 20th‐century changes in forest cover in the Colorado front range
Authors: Rodman Kyle C. , Veblen Thomas T. , Saraceni Sara , Chapman Teresa B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent shifts in global forest area highlight the importance of understanding the causes and consequences of forest change. To examine the influence of several potential drivers of forest cover change, we used supervised classifications of historical (1938–1940) and contemporary (2015) aerial imagery covering a 2932‐km2 study area in the northern Front Range (NFR) of Colorado and we linked observed changes in forest cover with abiotic factors, land use, and fire history. Forest cover in the NFR demonstrated broad‐scale changes 1938–2015 and overall cover increased 7.8%, but there was notable spatial variability and many sites also experienced Forest Loss. Recent (1978–2015) wildfire was the largest single driver of Forest Loss, with fires burning 14.3% of the total study area. Recently burned areas showed net losses of 36.9% forest cover. Reasons for Forest Gain were more complex, with elevation, past mining density, fire history, and topographic heat load index being the strongest predictors of increases in forest cover. Historical mining activity is one of the dominant anthropogenic impacts in ecosystems in the NFR and it had a complex, non‐linear relationship with 20th‐century changes in forest cover. Subalpine stands originating after stand‐replacing fires circa mid‐1800s to early 1900s showed some of the greatest gains in forest cover, indicative of slow and continuous post‐fire recovery through the 20th century. We also investigated factors such as land ownership, road density, forest management activities, and development intensity, which played detectable, but more minor roles in observed change. Twentieth‐century changes in forest cover throughout the NFR are a result of ecological disturbances and anthropogenic influences operating at varying timescales and overlaid upon variability in the abiotic environment.
Stopping antibiotics after surgical amputation in diabetic foot and ankle infections—A daily practice cohort
Authors: Rossel Anne , Lebowitz Dan , Gariani Karim , Abbas Mohamed , Kressmann Benjamin , Assal Mathieu , Tscholl Philippe , Stafylakis Dimitrios , Uçkay Ilker 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveThe appropriate duration of antibiotic therapy for diabetic foot infections (DFI) after surgical amputations in toto is debated. There are discrepancies worldwide.MethodsUsing a clinical pathway for adult DFI patients (retrospective cohort analysis), we conducted a cluster‐controlled Cox regression analysis. Minimum follow‐up was 2 months.ResultsWe followed 482 amputated DFI episodes for a median of 2.1 years after the index episode. The DFIs predominately affected the forefoot (n = 433; 90%). We diagnosed osteomyelitis in 239 cases (239/482; 50%). In total, 47 cases (10%) were complicated by bacteremia, 86 (18%) by abscesses and 139 (29%) presented with cellulitis. Surgical amputation involved the toes (n = 155), midfoot (280) and hindfoot (47). Overall, 178 cases (37%) required revascularization. After amputation, the median duration of antibiotic administration was 7 days (interquartile range, 1‐16 days). In 109 cases (25%), antibiotics were discontinued immediately after surgery. Overall, clinical failure occurred in 90 DFIs (17%), due to the same pathogens in only 38 cases. In multivariate analysis, neither duration of total postsurgical antibiotic administration (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.99‐1.01) nor immediate postoperative discontinuation altered failure rate (HR 0.9, 0.5‐1.5).ConclusionAccording to our clinical pathway, we found no benefit in continuing postsurgical antibiotic administration in routine amputation for DFI. In the absence of residual infection (ie, resection at clear margins), antibiotics should be discontinued.
Highly Sensitive Temperature‐responsive Sensor Based on PS‐PDEA‐PS/C60‐MWCNTs for Reversible Switch Detection of Catechol
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhao Pengcheng , Li Chunyan , Xie Yixi , Fei Junjie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new type of temperature‐responsive electrochemical sensor was constructed based on a glass carbon electrode modified by the composite containing temperature‐responsive polymer polystyrene‐poly N, N‐diethyl acrylamide‐polystyrene (PS‐PDEA‐PS) and fullerenes‐carboxylate multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (C60‐MWCNTs). The sensor was used for the electrochemical detection of catechol (CC). When the temperature is higher than the critical temperature (LCST) of PS‐PDEA‐PS, the electrochemical behavior of CC can be detected, which it is in the “on” state. When the temperature is lower than LCST, the composite modified film is in the “off” state and the electrochemical behavior of CC was not detected. Under the best experimental conditions, the sensor has a good detection range for catechol from 4.0 to 135.0 μM, with a LOD of 1.45 μM. In addition, the proposed sensor has good stability and reproducibility, and was successfully applied to the determination of catechol in real tap water.
Electrochemical Fabrication of Prussian Blue Nanocube‐decorated Electroreduced Graphene Oxide for Amperometric Sensing of NADH
Authors: Eryiğit Mesut , Temur Elif , Özer Tuba Öznülüer , Doğan Hülya Öztürk 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, Prussian blue (PB) film on the electroreduced graphene oxide (ERGO)‐modified Au electrode surface (ERGO/PB) is easily prepared by means of cyclic voltammetric technique in the mixture of K3Fe(CN)6 and FeCl3. Its electrochemical behaviors for NADH biosensor are studied. The structural and morphological characters of modified electrode material are analyzed with using of XPS, XRD, Raman, EDS, and SEM techniques. ERGO/PB hybrid nanocomposite for NADH biosensor is exhibited to the higher catalytic effect (linear range from 1.0 to 100 μM, detection limit of 0.23 μM at S/N=3) compared to naked Au, ERGO‐modified Au, and PB‐modified Au electrodes. In addition to, ERGO/PB electrode was used to voltammetric and amperometric detection of H2O2. ERGO/PB electrodes also showed the same behavior as the NADH sensor. This ERGO/PB‐modified electrode supplied a simple, new, and low‐cost route for amperometric sensing of both NADH and H2O2.
Effect of homogenizer pressure and temperature on physicochemical, oxidative stability, viscosity, droplet size, and sensory properties of Sesame vegetable cream
Authors: Amiri Samani Sara , Naji Mohammad Hadi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, the effects of homogenization pressure (125, 145, and 165 bars) and temperature (45, 60, and 75°C) on the properties of Sesame vegetable cream are investigated. The physical stability of cream was characterized by droplet size and syneresis, and chemical stability of it was evaluated by determining peroxide value and p‐anisidine. The results showed that the cream in the presence of high pressure and temperature treatment exhibits lower stability. At 75°C temperature and 165 bar, the vegetable cream had highest peroxide value (3.61) and p‐anisidine (2.16). However, pressure could protect the droplets against aggregation in the high pressure (165 bar) and greatly increased the physical stability. During increase in process parameters, the syneresis of cream was decreased with a rise of pressure and extension of temperature. The process condition in 145 bar and 60°C led to the high acceptability of vegetable cream.
Combined effect of chitosan coating and modified atmosphere packaging on fresh‐cut cucumber
Authors: Olawuyi Ibukunoluwa F. , Park Jong Jin , Lee Jae Jun , Lee Won Young 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFresh‐cut cucumber was coated with different concentrations of edible chitosan solutions and packaged in air‐, nitrogen‐, and argon‐based MA to preserve quality and extend shelf life. The effectiveness of individual and combined treatments on some quality parameters was examined at intervals during 12 days storage at a temperature of 5°C. The concentration of chitosan solutions significantly affected the performance of fresh‐cut cucumber in MA packages. Improved quality retention and reduced carbon dioxide production were observed in chitosan‐coated fresh‐cut samples. Argon‐based MA packaged samples exhibited better potential than air and nitrogen‐based MA packaging in retarding tissue respiration, physiological changes, chlorophyll degradation, and extending shelf life of fresh‐cut cucumber. Combined chitosan coating with MA packaging maintained quality, microbial safety, and extended the shelf life of fresh‐cut cucumber.
Long noncoding RNA HOXD‐AS1 induces epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in breast cancer by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of miR‐421
Authors: Li Yinyan , Han Xu , Li Qiaobei , Wang Chunyan , Lou Zhe , Wang Xuemei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBreast cancer (BCa) is the most common malignant tumor in females. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deregulated in many types of human cancers, including BCa. The purpose of the present study was to examine the expression profile and biological role of HOXD cluster antisense RNA 1 (HOXD‐AS1) in BCa. Our results revealed that HOXD‐AS1 was upregulated in BCa tissues and cell lines, and high HOXD‐AS1 expression was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics of BCa patients. Further gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function analysis showed that HOXD‐AS1 overexpression promoted, whereas HOXD‐AS1 knockdown inhibited BCa cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration, and invasion, indicating that HOXD‐AS1 may function as a novel oncogene in BCa. Mechanistically, HOXD‐AS1 could activate epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in BCa cells. We further proved that HOXD‐AS1 might serve as a competing endogenous RNA of miR‐421 in BCa cells, and miR‐421 was downregulated and negatively correlated with HOXD‐AS1 expression in BCa tissues. Besides, we confirmed that SOX4, a master regulator of EMT, was a direct target gene of miR‐421. Further, rescue experiments suggested that miR‐421 overexpression partly abrogated the oncogenic role of HOXD‐AS1 in BCa cells. Therefore, we shed light on that HOXD‐AS1/miR‐421/SOX4 axis may be considered as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of BCa patients.
Muslims and mental health concerns: A social ecological model perspective
Authors: Tanhan Ahmet , Francisco Vincent T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMuslims in the United States experience many psychosocial issues and underutilize mental health services. This study sought to systematically identify the common issues and strengths of the Muslims affiliated with a college in the Southeast region of the United States and address them accordingly. A survey comprising 33 items and 2 open‐ended questions regarding common issues and strengths was constructed. A total of 116 participants completed the survey. The overall rating for items was quite high, whereas the satisfaction rating was very low. The most important item was, “You have prayer places/rugs, ablution stations, and water in restrooms,” with an importance rating of 94.52% and a satisfaction rating of 20.50%. Four items regarding mental health were rated as the least important, and participants reported lack of knowledge regarding mental health services. This is the first study that includes a list of common concerns and strengths of the Muslim communities affiliated with colleges in the United States.
Heterogeneous catalytic degradation of methylparaben using persulfate activated by natural magnetite; optimization and modeling by response surface methodology
Authors: Rostamifasih Zeinab , Pasalari Hasan , Mohammadi Farzad , Esrafili Ali 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, a naturally magnetic semiconductor mineral (NM‐SCM) was used as a highly active, easily separable and green catalyst to activate persulfate (SPS) for the degradation of methylparaben (MeP) in aqueous solution by a heterogeneous catalyst system (SPS/NM‐SCM). NM‐SCM properties were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. The effects of contributing factors such as solution pH, NM‐SCM loading, SPS dosage and initial MeP concentration on MeP degradation were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box–Behnken design (BBD).RESULTSThe RSM model obtained from the present study (R2 > 0.99) showed a suitable correlation between the predicted values and experimental results of MeP degradation. Under optimized conditions (pH 6.5, SPS 5 mmol L−1, NM‐SCM 0.3 g L−1 and MeP 10 µmol L−1), a removal efficiency of 99.5% and a mineralization degree of 37% were achieved. The removal efficiency of MeP was reduced in the presence of inorganic ions as follows: chloride > nitrate > carbonate > phosphate. After five successive catalyst reuses, the degradation efficiency was >90%, indicating the excellent potential reusability of NM‐SCM catalyst.CONCLUSIONOwing to the generation of highly reactive oxidizing species (SO4•−) and easy separation of the catalyst, the integration of NM‐SCM and SPS has great potential for the degradation of MeP from water and wastewater matrices. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Is contralateral breast ultrasound worthwhile in preoperative staging of breast cancer?
Authors: Leblond Michel‐Alexandre , Duchesne Nathalie , Provencher Louise , Hogue Jean‐Charles , Pinault Sylvie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundWomen with invasive breast cancer are at higher risk of contralateral synchronous cancer. This study aimed at determining if contralateral breast ultrasound (CBUS) examination should be routinely performed in the preoperative evaluation of breast cancer patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of preoperative CBUS examinations performed between January 2012 and April 2015. The charts of patients presenting for biopsy of a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) 5 lesion and who had undergone a concomitant contralateral breast US examination were reviewed. Index tumor, lymph node status, American College of Radiology (ACR) breast density on mammogram, total scanning time, and results of CBUS were recorded.ResultsOf the 3007 patients who underwent breast biopsies during the study period, 360 patients met the inclusion criteria. Index mass size was 19 ± 10 mm. CBUS examination led to 76 biopsies, of which 12 were positive in 11 patients. Detection rate for mammographically occult contralateral invasive cancers was 3.1% (11/360). Contralateral lesion size was 13 ± 10 mm. Breast density was rated ACR C/D for nine women and ACR B for two. In the ACR C/D subgroup (82%), the contralateral cancer detection rate was 4.1%. Average additional scanning time spent required to perform CBUS examination was 3.1 ± 4.9 min. Patients diagnosed with contralateral invasive breast cancer underwent surgery and/or chemotherapy. The treatment strategy was changed in all 11 patients after the detection of a second primary cancer.ConclusionPreoperative CBUS is effective and most beneficial with women presenting ACR C/D breast density. Given its impact on decreasing future morbidity, its routine use should be considered to improve quality healthcare for women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Three‐dimensional echocardiographic demonstration of aortic wall erosion after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed Mohsen , Türkmen Irem , Abdrabou Mostafa Mahmoud Mohamed , Kemaloğlu Oz Tuğba 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough late complications of percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect (ASD), including cardiac erosion and thrombosis, are rare, they are the most lethal. Data are still lacking regarding the usefulness of new imagining modalities, such as three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE), for the detection of these complications. Here, we report the case of a 57‐year‐old woman in whom cardiac erosion was very well visualized by 3D transesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) after percutaneous ASD closure.
Estimating volumes from common carp hepatocytes using design‐based stereology and examining correlations with profile areas: Revisiting a nutritional assay and unveiling guidelines to microscopists
Authors: Rašković Božidar , Cruzeiro Catarina , Poleksić Vesna , Rocha Eduardo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAssessing fish liver status is common in aquaculture nutrition assays. This often implies determining hepatocytes profile areas in routine thin (5–7 μm) histological sections. However, there are theoretical problems using planar morphometry in thin sections: inherent sampling cells biases, too small numbers of sampled cells, under/overestimation of size, measuring size as areas when cells are three‐dimensional (3D) entities. The gold standard for assessing/validate cell size is stereology using thick sections (20–40 μm). Here, we estimated the volume of hepatocytes and their nuclei by the nucleator and optical disector stereological probes (in thick sections), and, innovatively, in thin sections too (using single‐section disectors). The liver of common carp eating feed containing either low or high level of lipids was targeted. Results were compared with prior profile areas from planar morphometry using thin sections, and with profile areas estimated here with the two‐dimensional (2D) nucleator. Ratios between nucleus and cell/cytoplasm (N/C) areas and volumes were calculated and compared. There was high positive correlation between volumes in thin and thick sections (r = .85 to .89; p < .001), empirically validating the single‐section disector. Strong correlations existed between profile‐derived versus 2D‐nucleator areas (r = .74 to .83; p < .001). There was systematic underestimation of cells and nucleus size using planar morphometry. The N/C ratios derived from the 2D‐nucleator data were higher than those from planar morphometry. Despite theoretical premises for using simple planar morphometry in thin sections are flawed, our results support that such morphometry on carp/fish hepatocytes may offer some valid biological conclusions. Anyway, we advanced guidelines for implementing proper methods.
The conspicuous postmetamorphic coloration of fire salamanders, but not their toxicity, is affected by larval background albedo
Authors: Sanchez Eugenia , Pröhl Heike , Lüddecke Tim , Schulz Stefan , Steinfartz Sebastian , Vences Miguel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExperimental work in the early 20th century showed that background albedo experienced by larvae of the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) induce a durable morphological modification of the postmetamorphic color pattern, which needed confirmation due to the controversies regarding Paul Kammerer's experiments. Such a carry‐over effect would be relevant as the black and yellow pattern of the alkaloid‐containing adult fire salamanders has been suggested to serve as an aposematic signal. Hence, we hypothesized that (a) adult coloration is conspicuous to potential predators under light conditions at night, given the nocturnal activity of this species, and (b) a condition affecting the salamander's coloration pattern would also affect its toxicity to maintain a quantitatively honest aposematic signal. To test the first hypothesis, we used spectrometry to model the vision of potential avian and snake predators and confirmed that fire salamander's black‐and‐yellow pattern is contrasting enough against the forest leaf litter to be considered conspicuous at night. To test the second hypothesis, we first confirmed the background carry‐over effect on black and yellow proportions in the dorsal skin of experimentally reared fire salamanders, using a rigorous experimental design. Then, we calculated the conspicuousness and determined the alkaloid profiles of these individuals. We did not find a correlation between conspicuousness and toxicity at the intrapopulation level. Moreover, there was no background carry‐over effect on the alkaloid profile. We discuss our results in a physiological, ecological, evolutionary, and historical context.