bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence emission difference microscopy by superoscillation excitation
Authors: LIU YONG , WANG XIAONA , LIU SHAOCONG , KUANG CUIFANG 
Published: March 2019

SummaryA superresolution fluorescence emission difference (FED) microscopy based on superoscillation excitation is investigated. The solid superoscillation excitation spot is produced by the radially polarised Laguerre–Gaussian beam (LG), and the donut superoscillation excitation spot is produced by the same LG beam with spiral phase modulation. We show that the superoscillation excitation can enhance the spatial resolution of FED microscopy. When the ratio of the pupil radius and the second moment radius of the LG3,1 beam is 0.85 and the subtractive factor is 0.3, the resolution can be enhanced about 2 times than the general confocal microscopy. Compared with the general FED microscopy, the resolution can be enhanced about 1.1 times. Our simulations also demonstrate that two‐view Richardson–Lucy (RL) deconvolution method can reduce the effect of side lobes, which is related to subtractive factor and pinhole.Lay DescriptionThe fluorescence emission difference (FED) microscopy is a high‐resolution light microscopy, which is based on the subtraction of images produced by two different confocal imaging modes. Here, the solid excitation spot is used in one imaging mode, and the donut excitation spot is in another imaging mode. There are various ways that the solid and donut excitation spots can be structured, but superoscillation excitation spots are still not used in the FED microscopy. Considering that the main lobe of superoscillation can be arbitrarily small in principle, we exploit the radially polarised Laguerre–Gaussian beam (LG) and spiral phase plate to produce superoscillation solid and donut spots. We present a detailed analysis about the performance of FED microscopy via superoscillation excitation. Our analysis is based on vector diffraction theory and supported by simulations of imaging. We find the proposed FED microscopy has better resolution than the confocal microscopy or the general FED microscopy excited by Gaussian beam. Especially, two‐view Richardson–Lucy (RL) deconvolution method can reduce the negative impact of strong side lobes, which is related to the subtractive factor and the size of pinhole located at the detector.
The financialization of the non‐financial corporation. A critique to the financial turn of accumulation hypothesis
Authors: Rabinovich Joel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOne aspect in which non‐financial corporations (NFCs) are said to be financialized is that they have been increasingly engaged in financial accumulation from which they derive a growing proportion of financial income. This is what we call the financial turn of accumulation hypothesis. In this article, we show that the evidence used to sustain it, in the U.S. setting, has to be reconsidered. Our findings show that, contrary to the financial turn of accumulation hypothesis, financial income averages 2.5% of NFCs’ total income since the 1980s, oscillating since the beginnings of the 1990s until 2005 and then declining. In terms of assets, some of the alleged financial assets might actually reflect other activities in which NFCs have been increasingly engaged, such as tax avoidance, internationalization of production, activities refocusing and M&As.
Lane width‐based cellular automata model for mixed bicycle traffic flow
Authors: Jin Sheng , Xu Liang , Xu Cheng , Ma Dongfang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an improved extended Burgers cellular automata (EBCA) model for heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow is proposed. The compressibility of bicycle traffic flow is considered as a probability, which is related to the bicycle path width. The proposed improved EBCA model is calibrated and validated using the field data collected from three sites in Hangzhou, China. The proposed model is compared with the original EBCA model that does not consider compressibility. The comparison results show that our improved model can simulate heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow better. Moreover, the proposed model overcomes the shortcoming of the other BCA models that only specific path widths can be simulated directly when lane width is determined. Lastly, the EBCA model performance in the congested regions is improved significantly.
Contribution of Malassezia spp. to the development of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Nowicka Danuta , Nawrot Urszula 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) has been increasing. Whereas AD symptoms are obvious and easy to recognise, the etiopathogenesis remains not fully elucidated. Recently, the role of microorganisms and their impact on the immunology of AD have been discussed. In this review, we summarise a possible role of Malassezia in the development and persistence of eczema in patients with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome. A high proportion of AD patients present with a positive reaction to Malassezia allergens. Several possible pathogenic mechanisms enable Malassezia to trigger the development of AD. Malassezia spp. may release more allergens in a less acidic (pH <6), typical for AD, environment. The similarity between fungal thioredoxin and human proteins causes T‐cell cross‐reactivity. TLR‐mediated mechanisms are involved in host response against Malassezia spp. An interaction between Malassezia spp. and keratinocytes alters the profile of cytokine release, and what is more, yeast cells can survive when absorbed by keratinocytes. Dendritic cells of AD patients induced by Malassezia are less susceptible to lysis mediated by NK cells which exerts a pro‐inflammatory effect. Despite the evidence that Malassezia spp. contribute to the development of AD, the pathogenetic mechanisms and relationship between Malassezia and immune defense remain partly unexplained and require further research.
Cefmetazole for extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in pediatric pyelonephritis
Authors: Araki Kotaro , Fukuoka Kahoru , Higuchi Hiroshi , Aizawa Yuta , Horikoshi Yuho 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPyelonephritis caused by extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae is an urgent problem in pediatrics. Although carbapenem is the standard therapy for infections caused by ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae, some cephamycins, including cefmetazole, are stable against hydrolysis by ESBL. There are few reports, however, on the use of cefmetazole in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of cefmetazole in pediatric pyelonephritis caused by ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae.MethodsChildren with pyelonephritis caused by ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae were enrolled between April 2010 and November 2016 at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center. Presence of ESBL was tested for using the disk diffusion method. Medical records were reviewed for a past history of bacterial infection. The outcomes were clinical cure rate at 4 weeks and the duration of therapy in the cefmetazole and non‐cefmetazole groups.ResultsFifty‐five patients met the criteria for pyelonephritis caused by ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae. The most common causative organisms were Escherichia coli (n = 51; 92.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3; 5.5%), and K. oxytoca (n = 1; 1.8%). Thirty‐six and 19 patients were treated with cefmetazole and with other antibiotics as definitive therapy, respectively. There was no difference in the clinical cure rate (86.1% vs 89.5%; P = 0.72) or duration of therapy (median, 7.0 vs 7.0 days; P = 0.73) between the cefmetazole and non‐cefmetazole groups.ConclusionsCefmetazole was not inferior to the other antibiotics in the treatment of pyelonephritis caused by ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in children. Cefmetazole is a valuable therapeutic alternative to carbapenems for treating pyelonephritis caused by ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae.
High sensitivity and reproducibility of in‐house ELISAs using different genotypes of Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Caballero E. Zuleima , Correa Ricardo , Nascimento Marilda S. , Villarreal Alcibiades , Llanes Alejandro , Kesper, JR. Norival 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe adequate choice of Trypanosoma cruzi strains as antigen source for the diagnosis of Chagas disease is still controversial due to differences in terms of accuracy reported between different diagnostic tests. In this study was determined if the genetic variability between different genotypes of T. cruzi (TcI, TcII and TcIV) affect the final diagnosis of Chagas disease. The sensitivity and specificity index of in‐house ELISA tests prepared with different T. cruzi strains were evaluated with chagasic and non‐chagasic control sera and using the TESA‐blot as a reference test. The results of this study revealed that the sensitivity index did not vary, with percentages of 100% for all strains in both tests. However, the specificity index for ELISA tests showed differences between 92% and 98%, but were reduced to 78%‐89% when Leishmania‐positive sera were included. All ELISAs and TESA‐blot prepared with different antigens and the recombinant Wiener test were challenged in an endemic community for Chagas disease in Panama. Both ELISAs and TESA‐blot recognized the same positive sera, corroborating the sensitivity indexes (100%) found with the control sera. The TESA‐blot maintained the specificity index of 100% and did not display false positives. However, the recombinant Wiener test decreased its sensitivity to 81.25%.
Invasion windows for a global legume invader are revealed after joint examination of abiotic and biotic filters
Authors: Vetter V. M. S. , Walter J. , Wilfahrt P. A. , Buhk C. , Braun M. , Clemens S. , Dinkel E. , Dubbert M. , Schramm A. , Wegener F. , Werner C. , Jentsch A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Successful alien plant invasion is influenced by both climate change and plant–plant interactions. We estimate the single and interactive effects of competition and extreme weather events on the performance of the global legume invader Lupinus polyphyllus (Lindl.).

In three experimental studies we assessed (i) the stress tolerance of seedling and adult L. polyphyllus plants against extreme weather events (drought, fluctuating precipitation, late frost), (ii) the competitive effects of L. polyphyllus on native grassland species and vice versa, and (iii) the interactive effects of extreme weather events and competition on the performance of L. polyphyllus.

Drought reduced growth and led to early senescence of L. polyphyllus but did not reduce adult survival. Fluctuating precipitation events and late frost reduced the length of inflorescences. Under control conditions, interspecific competition reduced photosynthetic activity and growth of L. polyphyllus. When subjected to competition during drought, L. polyphyllus conserved water while simultaneously maintaining high assimilation rates, demonstrating increased water use efficiency. Meanwhile, native species had reduced performance under drought.

In summary, the invader gained an advantage under drought conditions through a smaller reduction in performance relative to its native competitors but was competitively inferior under control conditions. This provides evidence for a possible invasion window for this species. While regions of high elevation or latitude with regular severe late frost events might remain inaccessible for L. polyphyllus, further spread across Europe seems probable as the predicted increase in drought events may favour this non‐native legume over native species.
Plasticity of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells—A new approach towards the pathogenesis of equine endometrosis
Authors: Minkwitz Claudia , Schoon Heinz‐Adolf , Zhang Qian , Schöniger Sandra 
Published: March 2019

ContentsEquine endometrosis, a frequent cause of subfertility, is characterized by periglandular fibrosis, and no treatment exists. Endometrial biopsies not only contain diseased glands, but also contain healthy glands and stroma. Myoepithelial (ME) and myofibroblastic (MF) markers are calponin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Epithelial vimentin expression indicates epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this immunohistochemical study was to investigate whether biopsies with endometrosis express MF and ME markers and vimentin. Compared to healthy areas, significantly higher percentages of endometrotic glands were lined by calponin‐ and vimentin‐positive epithelial cells, whereas periglandular fibrosis contained significantly higher percentages of stromal cells positive for vimentin, desmin and SMA and significantly less calponin‐positive stromal cells. The rare GFAP expression was restricted to endometrotic glands. Of these, the most frequent features of endometrotic glands were higher percentages of SMA‐ and vimentin‐positive stromal cells and the prominent epithelial calponin staining that occurred in 100%, 93% and 95% of examined biopsies. Results indicate plasticity of equine endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. Particularly, endometrotic glands show evidence for ME differentiation and EMT. The different expression of MF markers between stromal cells from healthy and endometrotic areas suggests functional differences. The characteristic changes in the expression of SMA, vimentin and calponin between endometrotic glands and healthy areas can be helpful to confirm early stages of endometrosis. The characterization of cellular differentiation may help to decipher the pathogenesis of endometrosis and could lead to therapeutic strategies.
When public principals give up control over private agents: The new independence of ICANN in internet governance
Authors: Becker Manuel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn 2016, the United States (US) government relinquished its long‐standing delegation contract with the Internet Corporation for Assignment of Names and Numbers (ICANN), a private organization that governs the technical infrastructure of the internet. This presents a puzzle as the US not only gave up a power resource, but also relinquished the possibility, as a public principal, to hold the private agent ICANN accountable. I argue that public principals have incentives to leave control in the hands of private stakeholders when a delegation contract is exposed to external pressure by powerful outside states and the probability of extensive policy changes by the privatized agent is limited. The analysis shows that the unilateral US control over ICANN was strongly challenged by other states and private actors. Instead of granting a greater role to rising powers in internet governance, the US gave up its unilateral influence after internal reforms limited the risk that an independent ICANN could deviate too far from former policies.
Data Integrative Bayesian Inference for Mixtures of Regression Models
Authors: Aflakparast Mehran , Gunst Mathisca 
Published: March 2019

SummaryModern data collection techniques, which often produce different types of relevant information, call for new statistical learning methods that are adapted to cope with data integration. In the paper Bayesian inference is considered for mixtures of regression models with an unknown number of components, that facilitates data integration and variable selection for high dimensional data. In the approach presented, named data integrative mixture of regressions, data integration is accomplished by introducing a new data allocation scheme that summarizes additional data in the form of an informative prior on latent variables. To cope with high dimensionality, a shrinkage-type prior is assumed on the regression parameters, and a posteriori variable selection is conducted based on Bayesian credible intervals. Posterior estimation is achieved via a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The method is validated through simulation studies and illustrated by its performance on real data.
Patient, family and nurse experiences with patient presence during handovers in acute care hospital settings: a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: McCloskey Rose M. , Furlong Karen E. , Hansen Linda 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the best available evidence on patients’, family members’ and nurses’ experiences with bedside handovers in acute care settings.Introduction:The transfer of patient information between nurses represents a critical component of safety within health care. Conducting handover at the bedside allows patients and families to participate in information exchanges. Studies that address bedside handover highlight benefits and concerns with their implementation. Insight into patients’, families’ and nurses’ experiences with bedside handovers can help to identify the most appropriate and safest approach to handovers.Inclusion criteria:The current review considered patients, family members and nurses in the acute care hospital setting. Nurses included licensed nurses, registered nurses, practical nurses, nursing assistants, nurse researchers, and advanced practice nurses.Methods:A three-step search strategy was used to identify English language qualitative primary research studies. Two reviewers independently appraised the included studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Qualitative studies that considered attitudes, beliefs and experiences of patients, families and nurses on patient presence during bedside handover were considered for this review. Papers included in the review were from 1998 to 2017.Results:The review included 12 qualitative publications. Key findings were extracted and classified as unequivocal (U) or credible (C). A total of 96 findings were extracted and aggregated into 14 categories. From the 14 categories, five synthesized findings were developed: i) becoming more informed; ii) upholding confidentiality and privacy; iii) varying desire and ability to participate; iv) individualizing patient care; and v) challenges in conducting bedside handovers can be overcome with adaptive practices.Conclusions:This review captured the experiences of patients, families and nurses with patient presence during bedside handovers in a hospital setting. For the most part, patients and families describe bedside handover positively, reporting feeling more informed and engaged in care. This review highlights areas where patients’ and nurses’ views on bedside reporting may differ, particularly in the areas of desire to participate and the need for confidentiality. Although hospital environments can create challenges in sharing personal patient information at the bedside, these may be overcome through education and by the adoption of a flexible and individualized approach.
Safe injection practices among anesthesia providers: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Adams Julie Lynn , Rust Daniel Bryan , Anderson Lori Rae , McShane Franklin John 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to identify and map literature related to safe injection practices among anesthesia providers in developed nations. The mapped literature will be used to determine if there is sufficient literature available to pose specific questions that can be valuably addressed, through a future systematic review, to reduce the prevalence of unsafe injections.

Introduction:
A safe injection is one that does not harm the recipient, does not expose the healthcare worker to avoidable risk, and does not result in waste that is a danger to the community. The literature is replete with examples of disease outbreaks connected to unsafe injections via the misuse of syringes, needles and medications. Many such outbreaks involve unsafe injections by anesthesia providers.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will consider any research article or policy document, including unpublished reports, that provides information related to safe injection practices by anesthesia providers in developed nations.

Methods:
For studies published in English from 2000, the databases to be searched include Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL and Google Scholar. The search for unpublished literature will include the websites of anesthesia organizations, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Institutes of Health. Results will be screened by two independent reviewers who will use a standardized tool to independently extract data from each included source. The results of the review will be presented as a map of the data extracted in a tabular form and in a narrative descriptive summary.
Outcome measurement and reporting in childhood epilepsy treated with ketogenic diet therapy: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Carroll Jennifer , Martin-McGill Kirsty , Cross Helen , Hickson Mary , Collinson Avril 
Published: March 2019

Review objective/question:
The objective of this scoping review is to investigate the outcomes measured and reported in trials of children with refractory epilepsy treated with ketogenic diet therapy. The scoping review will aim to list the outcomes and map the associated components including intervention (type of ketogenic diet therapy), definition (if used) of the outcome, the tool or indicators used to measure the outcome, validity of tool used, the time from intervention commencement to measurement of the outcome and the reporting of the outcome.
Specifically, the review question is: What outcomes are measured and reported in studies of childhood epilepsy treated with ketogenic diet therapy?
Effectiveness of non-opioid pharmacological adjuncts for adult surgical patients: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Husser Travis , Marcom Jason , Mark Jordan , Buonora John , Benham Brian 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of non-opioid pharmacological adjuncts for decreasing perioperative morphine equivalents and acute postoperative pain scores in adult surgical patients.

Introduction:
Opioids are commonly administered during anesthesia to dull the senses, relieve pain and induce sleep. However, there are significant adverse effects associated with intraoperative opioid use. Anesthesia providers can impact the current opioid epidemic by administering non-opioid-centric anesthetic medications. A large-scale evidence-based review is needed to inform a standardized non-opioid pain treatment strategy in the perioperative period.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies of adults 19 years or older who are undergoing surgical procedures and receiving non-opioid oral or intravenous perioperative analgesic medications administered by the anesthesia team. Studies that include patients who receive non-opioid medication as a local infiltrate by the surgical team will be excluded, as will studies with patients who receive regional or neuraxial opioid-sparing techniques. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in English after 2007 will be considered.

Methods:
MEDLINE, CINAHL and Embase will be searched, as well as two trial registers and two sources of unpublished reviews. Titles and abstracts will be screened to identify potentially relevant papers. Retrieval of full-text studies, assessment of methodological quality and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. Meta-analyses will be performed if possible, and a Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Summary of Findings presented.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42019135852