bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repetitive neonatal pain and reduced maternal care alter brain neurochemistry
Authors: Mooney‐Leber Sean M. , Spielmann Stephanie S. , Brummelte Susanne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPreterm infants are exposed to many stressors while in the neonatal intensive care unit including pain and reduced maternal care. Both stressors can have a profound negative impact on brain development, and the present study sought to investigate some of the biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. Rat pups underwent a series of repetitive needle pokes and/or reduced maternal care through a novel tea‐ball infuser encapsulation model during the first four days of life. On postnatal day four, pups were sacrificed and serum was analyzed for corticosterone, while brains were tested for various neurotransmitters and brain metabolites through magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that exposure to maternal isolation and neonatal pain produced an increase in serum corticosterone but decreased glutamate levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. These alterations in stress responding and neurochemistry in response to the early‐life stressors may help explain some of the negative outcomes seen in preterm infants.
Tissue Regeneration Enhancer Elements: A Way to Unlock Endogenous Healing Power
Authors: Yang KaHoua , Kang Junsu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRegenerative capacity is widespread throughout almost all animal phyla. However, the distribution pattern remains incompletely understood. Various examples show that very closely related species display different regenerative capacities. Why and how have diverse regenerative capacities evolved across species? One prevailing thought in the field of regeneration is that most regeneration‐associated factors are evolutionarily conserved, suggesting the existence of an innate tissue regeneration ability in all species. However, its regulation is differentially controlled in distinct species, resulting in heterogeneous regenerative capabilities. In this review, we discuss regeneration‐associated enhancers, the key cis‐regulatory elements controlling gene expression, their underlying molecular mechanisms, and their influence on regenerative capacity. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of regeneration enhancers can provide fundamental insights into tissue regeneration and further help us develop therapeutic strategies to unlock latent healing powers in humans. Developmental Dynamics 248:34–42, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal and personalized networks of eating disorder cognitions and behaviors: Targets for precision intervention a proof of concept study
Authors: Levinson Cheri A. , Vanzhula Irina , Brosof Leigh C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionDespite the high mortality and significant societal and personal costs associated with eating disorders (EDs) there are few evidence‐based treatments. Part of the difficulty developing and implementing evidence‐based treatments in EDs is due to the extremely high heterogeneity (e.g., variability in treatment outcome, symptom presentation etc) present.MethodsTo begin to identify specific symptom heterogeneity within persons, the current study used novel within and between group and intra‐individual network analyses to create longitudinal and within‐person networks of ED cognitions and behaviors (N = 66 individuals diagnosed with an ED). This article provides a proof of concept study for how to use between and within‐person network analyses both for the EDs and other forms of psychopathology.ResultsWe found that cognitions focused on desiring thinness played a likely maintaining role in ED pathology, across network type and across time. Furthermore, we showed that three individuals with the same diagnosis (anorexia nervosa) differed in which symptoms maintained the disorder. We use these participants to exemplify how to use intra‐individual network analysis to personalize treatment focused on the primary maintaining symptoms. Finally, we found that amount of time (e.g., 4 hr vs. simultaneously) impacts how symptoms maintain each other.ConclusionsThese findings have implications for the development of novel personalized evidence‐based treatments for EDs, as well as implications for how the field understands how psychopathology maintains itself. These data represent a first‐step towards using intra‐individual network analyses in the ED field, as well as for hypotheses generation in future research.
Maximum likelihood estimation of red blood cell aggregation degree based on calculation of local flow vector in blood circuit
Authors: Sato Takayuki , Suzuki Ryota , Sunaga Ryo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEstablishment of real‐time monitoring technique for blood viscosity during extracorporeal treatment is strongly desired. We have demonstrated that the red blood cell aggregation degree, which highly correlates with the blood viscosity, can be estimated by the microscopic observation of the red blood cell over a transparent blood circuit tube and the two‐dimensional correlation process executed between time different images. In this paper, for estimation precision improvement, a maximum likelihood design of correlation region based on calculation of local flow vector has been attempted.
Modeling the interactive effects of spruce beetle infestation and climate on subalpine vegetation
Authors: Foster Adrianna C. , Shuman Jacquelyn K. , Shugart Herman H. , Negron Jose 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the subalpine zone of the Rocky Mountains, climate change is predicted to result in an increase in the frequency and severity of spruce beetle outbreaks. Climate change itself may affect vegetation, potentially leading to changes in species composition. The direct and indirect effects of climate and disturbances on forest composition, biomass, and dynamics open the possibility for non‐linear ecosystem responses. Modeling studies allow for the study of the interaction of these effects and their impact on the forest system. University of Virginia Forest Model Enhanced (UVAFME), an individual‐based gap model that simulates forest dynamics and characteristics, is updated with a spruce beetle subroutine that calculates the probability for beetle infestation and potential mortality of each tree on a plot. The updated model is then run with multiple scenarios that combine beetle infestation with current or altered climate at sites across the southern Rocky Mountains. Results show that spruce beetle infestations acted to facilitate competition with invading lower‐elevation species, resulting in an increase in the biomass of historically lower‐elevation species and a further decline in Engelmann spruce biomass than occurred with solely bark beetle disturbance or solely climate change. We also found an initial enhancing effect between spruce beetle infestation and climate change; however, by the end of 100 yr of climate change and potential beetle infestation, climate had a dampening effect on spruce beetle infestation, through loss of host trees. These results are an important step in understanding the possible futures for vegetation of the Rocky Mountains as well as for spruce forests across the western United States and Canada.
The carbon sequestration potential of China's grasslands
Authors: Song Jian , Wan Shiqiang , Peng Shushi , Piao Shilong , Ciais Philippe , Han Xingguo , Zeng De‐Hui , Cao Guangmin , Wang Qibing , Bai Wenming , Liu Lingli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWith the consequences of anthropogenic activities such as overgrazing and cropland expansion, grasslands in China suffer severe degradation since the 1980s. The national grassland restoration policy enacted at the beginning of the 21th century has the potential to increase plant growth and productivity and hence regional carbon (C) sequestration. Here, we assessed plant and soil organic C (SOC) stocks for both degraded and restored/non‐degraded plots at 802 sites in Northern and Northwest China using pairwise field sampling and quantified the C sequestration potential (CSP) of China's grasslands. A geostatistical model was performed to upscale the field measurements to national scale. Averaged across the 802 paired grassland sites, the mean plant biomass C andSOCdensity in the top 1 m depth were 0.44 ± 0.17 and 8.82 ± 1.78 kg C/m2, respectively. Compared to the degraded grasslands, the restored grasslands had an average of 0.11 ± 0.17 (29.2%) and 1.02 ± 1.28 kg C/m2(12.3%) greater plant biomass C andSOCdensity, respectively. The geostatistical model produced a totalCSPof 17.3 ± 2.3 Pg C in China's grasslands, with 94% in soils. If theCSPestimated in this study could be achieved, the current grasslandSOCstock would increase by 61%, offsetting 11 yr (2000–2010) of national fossilCO2emissions.
Manipulating host resistance structure reveals impact of pathogen dispersal and environmental heterogeneity on epidemics
Authors: Penczykowski Rachel M. , Parratt Steven R. , Barrès Benoit , Sallinen Suvi K. , Laine Anna‐Liisa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUnderstanding how variation in hosts, parasites, and the environment shapes patterns of disease is key to predicting ecological and evolutionary outcomes of epidemics. Yet in spatially structured populations, variation in host resistance may be spatially confounded with variation in parasite dispersal and environmental factors that affect disease processes. To tease apart these disease drivers, we paired surveys of natural epidemics with experiments manipulating spatial variation in host susceptibility to infection. We mapped epidemics of the wind‐dispersed powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis in five populations of its plant host, Plantago lanceolata. At 15 replicate sites within each population, we deployed groups of healthy potted ‘sentinel’ plants from five allopatric host lines. By tracking which sentinels became infected in the field and measuring pathogen connectivity and microclimate at those sites, we could test how variation in these factors affected disease when spatial variation in host resistance and soil conditions was minimized. We found that the prevalence and severity of sentinel infection varied over small spatial scales in the field populations, largely due to heterogeneity in pathogen prevalence on wild plants and unmeasured environmental factors. Microclimate was critical for disease spread only at the onset of epidemics, where humidity increased infection risk. Sentinels were more likely to become infected than initially healthy wild plants at a given field site. However, in a follow‐up laboratory inoculation study we detected no significant differences between wild and sentinel plant lines in their qualitative susceptibility to pathogen isolates from the field populations, suggesting that primarily non‐genetic differences between sentinel and wild hosts drove their differential infection rates in the field. Our study leverages a multi‐faceted experimental approach to disentangle important biotic and abiotic drivers of disease patterns within wild populations.
Drivers of species turnover vary with species commonness for native and alien plants with different residence times
Authors: Latombe Guillaume , Richardson David M. , Pyšek Petr , Kučera Tomáš , Hui Cang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCommunities comprising alien species with different residence times are natural experiments allowing the assessment of drivers of community assembly over time. Stochastic processes (such as dispersal and fluctuating environments) should be the dominant factors structuring communities of exotic species with short residence times. In contrast, communities should become more similar, or systematically diverge, if they contain exotics with increasing resident times, due to the increasing importance of deterministic processes (such as environmental filtering). We use zeta diversity (the number of species shared by multiple assemblages) to explore the relationship between the turnover of native species and two categories of alien species with different residence times (archaeophytes [introduced between 4000 BC and 1500 AD] and neophytes [introduced after 1500 AD]) in a network of nature reserves in central Europe. By considering multiple assemblages simultaneously, zeta diversity allows us to determine the contribution of rare and widespread species to turnover. Specifically, we explore the relative effects of assembly processes representing isolation by distance, environmental filtering, and environmental stochasticity (fluctuating environments) on zeta diversity using Multi‐Site Generalized Dissimilarity Modelling (MS‐GDM). Four clusters of results emerged. First, stochastic processes for structuring plant assemblages decreased in importance with increasing residence time. Environmental stochasticity only affected species composition for neophytes, offering possibilities to predict the spread debt of recent invasions. Second, native species turnover was well explained by environmental filtering and isolation by distance, although these factors did not explain the turnover of archaeophytes and neophytes. Third, native and alien species compositions were only correlated for rare species, whereas turnover in widespread alien species was surprisingly unrelated to the composition of widespread native species. Site‐specific approaches would therefore be more appropriate for the monitoring and management of rare alien species, whereas species‐specific approaches would suit widespread species. Finally, the size difference of nature reserves influences not only native species richness, but also their richness‐independent turnover. A network of reserves must therefore be designed and managed using a variety of approaches to enhance native diversity, while controlling alien species with different residence times and degrees of commonness.
Comparision of Green and Conventional Extraction Methods on Lipid Yield and Fatty Acid Profiles of Fish Species
Authors: Ozogul Yesim , Ucar Yılmaz , Takadaş Fethiye , Durmus Mustafa , Köşker Ali R. , Polat Abdurahman 
Published: October 2018

The efficiency of the green extraction methods ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE), and conventional methods (Soxhlet and Bligh and Dyer), on lipid content and fatty acid profiles of six fish species (Mullus barbatus, red mullet; Upeneus moluccensis, goldband goatfish; Mullus surmuletus, surmullet; Anguilla anguilla, European eel; Pagellus erythrinus, common pandora, and Saurida undosquamis, brushtooth lizardfish) are evaluated. The results of lipid content of fish species show that the Bligh and Dyer method and UAE in general are more efficient than other methods. There are statistical differences in the fatty acid composition of fish oil by four extraction methods (p < 0.05). Saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents of fish species range from 29.51 mg 100 g−1 fish (Soxhlet)–1400 mg 100 g−1 (UAE), 15.52 mg 100 g−1 (UAE)–2237.18 mg 100 g−1 (Bligh and Dyer), and 14.36% (Soxhlet)–646 mg 100 g−1 (Bligh and Dyer), respectively. Generally, Bligh and Dyer give the higher values in surmullet, red mullett, and common pandora in terms of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, and the dominant fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0, C16:1, C18:1n9, C18:1n7, C22:1n9, EPA, DHA), whereas MAE and UAE methods give better results in goldband goldfish and European eel, respectively. Thus, extraction methods affect the lipid yield and fatty acid profiles of extracted oil of different fish species.Practical Application: Total lipid content of seafood is an important parameter used in biochemical, physiological, and nutritional studies. Thus, reliable methods for the quantitative extraction of lipids from this type of food are of critical importance. The effects of green and conventional extraction methods on lipid yield and fatty acid profiles of fish species are compared in order to determine the most effective method for extracting lipid with high yield and high content of PUFA, especially EPA and DHA.The effects of green and conventional extraction methods on lipid yield and fatty acid profiles of fish species are evaluated. The extraction methods affect the lipid yield and fatty acid profiles of extracted oil of fish species. The Bligh and Dyer method and UAE in general are more efficient than other methods. In terms of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, EPA, and DHA; Bligh and Dyer gave the higher values in surmullet, redmullet, and common pandora whereas MAE and UAE methods gave better results in goldband goldfish and European eel, respectively.
Can All the Sardinian Varieties Support the PDO “Sardegna” Virgin Olive Oil?
Authors: Deiana Pierfrancesco , Santona Mario , Dettori Sandro , Molinu Maria G. , Dore Antonio , Culeddu Nicola , Azara Emanuela , Naziri Eleni , Tsimidou Maria Z. 
Published: October 2018

Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) labels are important tools to promote high quality virgin olive oils (VOO). To better valorize and differentiate among others these labeled products it is necessary to have a deep knowledge of characteristics and features of the monovarietal VOOs that are used. In Sardinia, only one PDO, named “Sardegna,” is registered. Drupes from several local varieties are mixed up before pressing. Four are the principal autochthonous Sardinian varieties: Bosana, Tonda di Cagliari, Tonda di Villacidro, Semidana, and respective synonyms. This study examines the chemical and nutritional characteristics of monovarietal VOOs of some of the varieties that comprise the label with the aim to establish the identity and natural variability of the registered product. Results are compared with those from some minor Sardinian and Italian cultivars, all grown under the same agronomic and environmental conditions. Data for the fatty acid and sterol composition together with those for some specific nutrient and non nutrient antioxidants are used to investigate whether the mixing up of many different varieties is favorable in the production of this particular product. PDO varieties achieve broadly minimum quality levels requested by the label regulation and express some specific characteristics in accordance to genetic similarities.Practical Applications: Knowledge of chemical composition of VOOs from minor local varieties is of great interest for the promotion of products typical of a specific territory and to improve quality and competitiveness of protected denominations labels. The characterization of VOO admitted to a PDO can help producers to optimize blends obtaining specific nutritional and sensorial features. Moreover, findings are important to highlight some distinctive features among genetic groups that might be useful for further supporting the integrity of the registered product in the near future.PDO “Sardegna” is the only quality label for EVOO registered in Sardinia (Italy). It must be characterized at least for the 80% by the four principal autochthonous Sardinian varieties: Bosana, Semidana, Tonda di Cagliari, Tonda di Villacidro, and their other names. VOO composition of 14 of the Sardinian varieties that can be used in the production of the registered product, with the aim to establish its identity and natural variability of this label are analyzed.
Association between pain‐related fear and presenteeism among eldercare workers with low back pain
Authors: Tsuboi Yamato , Murata Shunsuke , Naruse Fumihiro , Ono Rei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPresenteeism (work productivity loss at work) and low back pain (LBP) are prevalent among eldercare workers. Presenteeism is a serious emerging problem in an occupational setting. While many studies report the impact of pain‐related fear on absenteeism, its impact on presenteeism remains unclear.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study to investigate the association between pain‐related fear and presenteeism among 505 eldercare workers with LBP. We measured pain‐related fear using the 11‐item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK‐11). We used the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) to estimate productivity loss due to presenteeism with items including Time Management, Mental‐Interpersonal Demands, Physical Demands and Output Demands. The presenteeism was categorized into no (<5%), mild (5%–10.9%), moderate (11%–16.9%) and severe presenteeism (≥17%). We further performed ordinal logistic regression analyses, and the covariates were age, sex, pain intensity, pain disability and psychosocial factors. Multiple imputation was conducted to provide informed estimates for observations with missing data.ResultsAfter adjustment, a higher TSK score was significantly associated with a higher presenteeism (proportional OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06–1.15). A significant association of TSK with all WLQ subscales was retained even after the adjustment (Time Management: proportional OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08; Mental‐Interpersonal Demands: proportional OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04–1.12; Physical Demands: proportional OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08; and Output Demands: proportional OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.10).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that pain‐related fear is an important factor related to presenteeism among eldercare workers with LBP.SignificanceThis study describes an independent association of pain‐related fear with presenteeism among eldercare workers with low back pain. Pain‐related fear could be considered a vital factor of presenteeism in addition to absenteeism.
Life cycle assessment of production of black locust logs and straw pellets for energy purposes
Authors: Żelazna Agnieszka , Kraszkiewicz Artur , Przywara Artur , Łagód Grzegorz , Suchorab Zbigniew , Werle Sebastian , Ballester Javier , Nosek Radovan 
Published: October 2018

In recent years, black locust has been receiving special attention as a potential energy crop. Conversely, straw, which constitutes a waste product, is mainly used for energy purposes. The aim of this study was to perform the Life Cycle Assessment of straw pellet and black locust logs production. The environmental effects were investigated according to the Ecoindicator’99 and Global Warming Potential 100a methods. The single score for the functional unit of black locust logs equals 5.47 Pt, and for cereal straw pellets is between 23.37 and 30.49 Pt. The minor value of the indicator for wood results from higher density and net calorific value, which in this study was equal to 17.72 MJ/kg for black locust and 14.9 MJ/kg for cereal straw pellets. Moreover, greenhouse gas emission was calculated and equals 94.7 kgCO2eq for black locust logs and between 365.9 and 588.3 kgCO2eq for cereal straw pellets. Obtained results allow to compare the processes of biomass production. Black locust logs have a smaller potential of affecting the environment than pellets due to lower energy intensity of the production process, especially lower electricity consumption. Furthermore, logistic improvement may significantly decrease the environmental impact of discussed products.Novelty or Significance: The presented study includes the comparison of two biomass products (cereal straw pellets and black locust logs) based on the Life Cycle Assessment of their production. The originality of the comparison is based both on the detailed inventory and the applied impact assessment method (Ecoindicator'99). The broadened scope of the study allowed for the assessment of both production of materials and pellets, which brings the novel contribution into the existing state of knowledge pertaining to the biomass life cycle described by points of Ecoindicator and greenhouse gas emission. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 163–170, 2019