bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress toward the Application of a Localized Particle Filter for Numerical Weather Prediction
Authors: Poterjoy Jonathan , Wicker Louis , Buehner Mark 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA series of papers published recently by the first author introduce a nonlinear filter that operates effectively as a data assimilation method for large-scale geophysical applications. The method uses sequential Monte Carlo techniques adopted by particle filters, which make no parametric assumptions for the underlying prior and posterior error distributions. The filter also treats the underlying dynamical system as a set of loosely coupled systems to effectively localize the effect observations have on posterior state estimates. This property greatly reduces the number of particles—or ensemble members—required for its implementation. For these reasons, the method is called the local particle filter. The current manuscript summarizes algorithmic advances made to the local particle filter following recent tests performed over a hierarchy of dynamical systems. The revised filter uses modified vector weight calculations and probability mapping techniques from earlier studies, and new strategies for improving filter stability in situations where state variables are observed infrequently with very accurate measurements. Numerical experiments performed on low-dimensional data assimilation problems provide evidence that supports the theoretical benefits of the new improvements. As a proof of concept, the revised particle filter is also tested on a high-dimensional application from a real-time weather forecasting system at the NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). The proposed changes have large implications for researchers applying the local particle filter for real applications, such as data assimilation in numerical weather prediction models.
Hypoxia‐induced pulmonary vasoconstriction of intra‐acinar arteries is impaired in NADPH oxidase 4 gene‐deficient mice
Authors: Murtaza Ghulam , Paddenberg Renate , Pfeil Uwe , Goldenberg Anna , Mermer Petra , Kummer Wolfgang 
Published: October 2018

We show that genetic deficiency of the reactive oxygen species generating enzyme NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) impairs hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in small (25–40 µm) intra‐acinar, but not pre‐acinar, arteries in murine precision cut lung slices. These data suggest an involvement of NOX4 in ventilation‐perfusion matching at the acinar level.
Clinician assessment of acute coronary syndrome in the emergency department
Authors: Chapple Allyson M , Chuang Ming-Yu Anthony , Clark Robyn A , Horsfall Matthew , Blyth Andrew , Chew Derek , Astley Carolyn 
Published: October 2018

Background: Patients with chest pain represent a large portion of emergency department (ED) presentations around the world. Accurate risk assessment to rule out acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is required. Aim: To measure accuracy and characteristics of ED doctors and nurses when assessing patients for suspected ACS and the associations with outcome. Methods: A sub-analysis of a large randomised trial that compared high-sensitivity troponin to conventional troponin was carried out. Both nurses and doctors conducted ACS risk assessments on 1857 patients and concordance comparisons were undertaken. Findings: There was no difference between the accuracy of ED nurses and doctors (c-statistic: 0.67 vs 0.68 respectively; P=0.35). Both clinician types made similar ACS risk assessments. Nurses with specialist qualifications and consultant doctors were the most accurate, at 65.4% and 74.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Nurses and doctors in the ED made similar ACS risk assessments but both were sub-optimal. Standard clinical pathways to assist ED doctors and nurses improve their ACS impression accuracy could be beneficial.
PROPAGAÇÃO IN VITRO DE Coppensia ranifera (LINDL.) F. BARROS & V.T. RODRIGUES (ORCHIDACEAE)
Authors: Fermino Junior Paulo Cesar Poeta , Dill Leandro , Dal Vesco Lírio Luiz , Gunther Karoline 
Published: September 2018

O cultivo in vitro tem sido empregado para a propagação e conservação de orquídeas. Neste contexto, estabeleceu-se um método eficiente de propagação in vitro para Coppensia ranifera (Lindl.) F. Barros & V. T. Rodrigues utilizando a técnica de camada fina celular longitudinal (lTCL). Foram utilizados protocormos germinados in vitro seccionados longitudinalmente (2 mm) em meio Knudson C líquido estacionário e semissólido, suplementado com thidiazuron (TDZ) (1,0 a 8,0 mM) para a formação de estruturas semelhantes a protocormos (ESP). Para a regeneração de plântulas foi utilizado meio de cultura isento de regulador de crescimento vegetal. A formação de ESP ocorre por via direta, sem calo. A utilização de meio de cultura líquido é mais eficiente do que o meio semissólido com relação ao número de ESP formado por explante. Em meio líquido de cultura o maior percentual de formação e o maior número de ESP por explante ocorre com a adição de 4 mM de TDZ. A eficiência (percentual de conversão) na regeneração de plântula em meio semissólido é maior do que em meio líquido.
Análise das alterações dos parâmetros de qualidade da água do Rio Do Carmo, afluente do rio doce, após rompimento da barragem de fundão, em Mariana-MG
Authors: Sylvio Alexandre , Bravim Tamila Caliman , Vasconcellos Clara Diniz 
Published: September 2018

A água é o principal recurso para vida no planeta, estando relacionada à sobrevivência das espécies e ao equilíbrio da biodiversidade. A poluição aquática é consequência principalmente das atividades humanas. No dia 5 de novembro de 2015, a barragem de rejeitos de Fundão que armazenava os rejeitos da mineração de ferro da empresa Samarco se rompeu, atingindo o rio Gualaxo do Norte, desaguando no rio do Carmo até a sua chegada no rio Doce. O estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade das águas do rio do Carmo por meio dos dados disponibilizados pelo IGAM (Instituto de Gestão de Águas de Minas Gerais) em dois pontos de monitoramento, RD009 e RD071, comparando os resultados com os limites permitidos pela legislação vigente e realizar análise relacionando os resultados observados com o rompimento da barragem de Fundão em Mariana-MG. Foi selecionado o período de 2013 a 2017 e após filtragem dos dados, foram analisados os parâmetros inorgânicos alumínio dissolvido, arsênio total, bário total, cádmio total, chumbo total, cianeto livre, cloreto total, cobre dissolvido, cromo total, ferro dissolvido, fósforo total, manganês total, mercúrio total, níquel total, nitrato, nitrito, nitrogênio amoniacal total, sulfato total, sulfeto e zinco total e demais parâmetros como clorofila “a”, sólidos dissolvidos totais, fenóis totais e cor verdadeira, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), óleos e graxas, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez e pH in loco. No geral os parâmetros atenderam a legislação vigente, com exceção do fósforo, manganês, alumínio e arsênio. Apenas o parâmetro turbidez demonstrou possível relação com o rompimento da barragem.
Aktualne tendencje w wyborze formy kształcenia uczniów z uszkodzonym słuchem w obecnym systemie oświatowym w Polsce
Authors: Olempska-Wysocka Magdalena 
Published: October 2018

The aim of this article is to present changes in the education of deaf and hard of hearing persons over the last 7 years. The trends in the education of children with hearing impairment clearly point to the departure from special forms of education in favour of public education and integration. These changes, however, are a challenge for both teachers, parents and students with hearing impairment.
Słyszące rodzeństwo osób z wadą słuchu (SODA) – studium indywidualnych przypadków
Authors: Rożek Aleksandra 
Published: October 2018

The article describes the functioning of hearing siblings of persons with hearing loss in different developmental stages: childhood, adolescence and adulthood. It describes the key factors to the formation of positive relationships between deaf and hearing siblings. These may influence the psychosocial functioning of hearing people in adulthood.
Specyfika komunikacji werbalnej i niewerbalnej dziecka z zespołem Aspergera w kontekście odgrywanej przez nie roli ucznia i kolegi
Authors: Gacka Ewa 
Published: October 2018

Communication is one of the most important elements of human existence, because man as a social being strives to communicate with others. Communication skills influence the degree of acceptance of the person by other members of the community and help to achieve success in various aspects of life and social roles. The article focuses on the analysis of communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal, of a child with Asperger syndrome (AS). The purpose of this article is to show the specific way in which people with Asperger syndrome communicate, which makes it difficult for them to find themselves in the school community – being a good pupil and a good colleague.
The European optical contribution to the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: te Plate Maurice , O’Sullivan Brian , Ferruit Pierre , Lee David , Wells Martyn , Koehler Jess , Melf Markus , Holota Wolfgang 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is frequently referred to as the follow-on mission to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The ‘Webb’ will be the biggest space telescope ever built and is expected to enable astounding new science. The observatory comprises a 6.5-m-diameter telescope with a segmented primary mirror and four high-performance optical science instruments. The JWST has mostly been optimized to work in the near- (0.6–5.0 μm) and mid-infrared (5.0–29 μm) wavelength regions. The project is a strong international partnership led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with contributions from the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The observatory is currently scheduled for launch in early 2021 from Kourou, French Guyana, by an ESA-provided Ariane 5 rocket. This paper will focus on the European optical contribution to the mission, which mainly consists of two highly advanced optical science instruments: The multi-object near-infrared spectrograph (NIRSpec) and the mid-infrared instrument (MIRI). The opto-mechanical design considerations and the realization of both instruments will be described, and we will conclude with a short JWST project status report and future outlook.
Manipulating the stereoselectivity of a thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase by directed evolution for efficient asymmetric synthesis of arylpropanols
Authors: Dong Yijie , Yao Peiyuan , Cui Yunfeng , Wu Qiaqing , Zhu Dunming , Li Guangyue , Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Chiral arylpropanols are valuable components in important pharmaceuticals and fragrances, which is the motivation for previous attempts to prepare these building blocks enantioselectively in asymmetric processes using either enzymes or transition metal catalysts. Thus far, enzymes used in kinetic resolution proved to be best, but several problems prevented ecologically and economically viable processes from being developed. In the present study, directed evolution was applied to the thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase TbSADH in the successful quest to obtain mutants that are effective in the dynamic reductive kinetic resolution (DYRKR) of racemic arylpropanals. Using rac-2-phenyl-1-propanal in a model reaction, (S)- and (R)-selective mutants were evolved which catalyzed DYRKR of this racemic substrate with formation of the respective (S)- and (R)-alcohols in essentially enantiomerically pure form. This was achieved on the basis of an unconventional form of iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) at randomization sites lining the binding pocket using a reduced amino acid alphabet. The best mutants were also effective in the DYRKR of several other structurally related racemic aldehydes.
Resolving the Reliance on Fixed Estimation Dates in the Implied Cost of Equity Capital Approach
Authors: Kempkes Jan A. , Wömpener Andreas 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Our study’s objective is to develop and analyze a dynamic approach for estimating firms’ expected cost of equity capital. We contribute to the literature by enabling the usage of any required estimation date, resolving the major shortcoming of the existing models—their reliance on one fixed estimation date. This paper presents our model and discusses it from the perspective of the extant body of literature. We show that the current state of the art approach in dynamic estimation does not satisfy theoretical and practical demands, and offers scope for significant improvements. We conduct our analysis by specially considering capital market efficiency, the consistent appreciation of cash flows with respect to timing, and straightforward practical implementation for researchers and practitioners. Building on semi-strong capital market efficiency, the analysis reveals further insights into residual income valuation as we demonstrate that any realization of residual income in the course of the year is irrelevant to valuation in the absence of dividend realization. Consequently, assumptions regarding the shape of earnings in the course of the year are also irrelevant to valuation. Additionally, our theoretically founded model conveniently facilitates the undistorted incorporation of different fiscal year-ends in large samples and avoids stale measures of expected cost of equity capital.
Effects of Sandstorms on Vehicular-to-Road Visible-Light Communication
Authors: Ebrahim Khalil Jasim , Al-Omary Alauddin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC), popularly known as light fidelity (Li-Fi), is a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of radio-wave communication. VLC is a green technology which uses light-emitting diode (LED) illumination to transmit data without needing fibre cables. VLC is applicable for both indoor and outdoor communication. In this study, we investigate the effect of sandstorms on VLC via simulating a vehicular-to-road VLC (V2LC) outdoor application. Sandstorms are a weather phenomenon which frequently occurs in the Arab peninsula and other parts of the world; in this context, researchers have not thus far addressed the effect of sand particles, which absorb and scatter light, on VLC. Our simulation is conducted using MATLAB software (Natick, Massachusetts, U.S.A.), and the results show that the effect of sandstorms on VLC is similar to that of fog and rain as investigated by other researchers. However, sandstorms are also different in terms of the nature of sandstorm particles, with different sizes and refraction indices when compared with rain and fog particles. We also find that high-density-clay sandstorms, among other types of storms, most severely affect VLC communication and limit the transmission range. Other low- and medium-density storms less severely affect VLC while exhibiting a relatively larger communication range.
Influence of Conventional Optical Amplifiers for 64×10 Gbps WDM System
Authors: Kheraliya Shubham , Kumar Chakresh , Kumar Ghanendra , Meena Shiv Ram 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this work we have investigated semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and RAMAN Amplifier separately under 64 channels WDM system at 10 Gbps data rate. A comparison is made based upon the values of Q- factor, bit error rate (BER), and power received for different values of laser (present at the transmitter) power. The eye diagram for the three optical amplifiers has also been analyzed. Also the performance factors (Q- factor, BER, and power received) are evaluated for different values of fiber length. In general it is observed that with respect to the power received for a particular laser power (at the transmitter) and up to a fiber length of about 120 km Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) gives the best result among all the three amplifiers. With respect to the quality (Q) – factor the RAMAN Amplifier gives slightly better result for a given laser power and for a short fiber length (up to a fiber length of 50 km). For long distance (fiber length greater than 160 km) the Q – factor for all the three optical amplifier saturates and become equal. In terms of Bit Error Rate, RAMAN amplifier is best as it gives minimum BER at a given laser power but up to the fiber length of 70 km EDFA provides minimum BER.
The Internality of Moral Faith in Kant’s Religion
Authors: Ellis Addison 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Wood (1970) convincingly argues that Kant’s notion of moral faith is a response to a “dialectical perplexity” or antinomy. Specifically, moral faith is a response to the threat of moral despair. In line with this suggestion, I make the case that moral faith is the resolution of a crisis about how to go on with one’s life in the face of the threat of moral despair. If this is right, then we have a potential solution to two related anxieties: (1) why the matter of our moral faith or despair deserves to be a topic of practical philosophy instead of empirical psychology, and (2) how despair could be a real threat even though Kant holds that rational beings could never truly lack faith. But, to fully see how these concerns can be answered, we must go beyond Wood’s initial analysis. I first argue that Kant’s philosophy suggests two kinds of moral faith: external and internal. I then argue that internal moral faith is analogous to self-contentment (Selbstzufriedenheit) in the second Critique’s practical antinomy. Together, these arguments suggest that moral faith is a response to a real threat of moral despair, and that both dialectically require one another within practical reason.
God, Hypostasis, and the Threat of Paradox: Exploring Kantian And Non-Kantian Reasons for Circumspection
Authors: Zamora Damián Bravo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, I present an interpretation of Kant’s view that reason’s hypostasis of the idea of a sum-total of reality is dogmatic and illegitimate. In the section on the ‘Transcendental Ideal’, the second section of the Ideal of Pure Reason chapter in the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant starts by describing reason’s procedure from the affirmation of the principle of thoroughgoing determination to the hypostasis in question. According to the interpretation I defend, the argument for hypostasis deployed in this section constitutes an improvement upon an argument defended by the pre-critical Kant himself in his 1673 essay “The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God”. By making reference to the concept of omnitudo realitatis, the argument in the ‘Transcendental Ideal’ section presents a much more radical and convincing interpretation of the thesis that ‘possibility presupposes actuality’. Second, I present transcendental idealism and its related distinction between objects of sense and objects in general as the main dissuasive argument of the critical philosopher against hypostasis. Finally, I consider an argument against hypostasis that is independent of transcendental idealism: the threat of set-theoretical paradoxes if we hypostatize the relevant idea, intended as the concept of an absolutely comprehensive totality.
Mucopolysaccharidosis VI diagnosis by laboratory methods
Authors: Jafaryazdi Rokhsareh , Teimourian Shahram 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) results from a defect in arylsulfatase B (ARSB). There are several diagnostic methods using to identify patients; hence, we aimed to review these approaches and consider if one of them could be assigned as the gold standard method. The information of this study was obtained by searching through PubMed and Google scholar databases. In order to collect the most accurate and up to date data, we limited our research to papers in the time period between 2010 and 2017. We collected articles related to our research and extracted the most relevant and accurate data which included the steps of MPS VI diagnosis by routine laboratory approaches. We concluded that an all-inclusive diagnostic approach requires urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analysis, enzyme activity analysis and molecular analysis by mutation scanning through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing or alternative methods such as multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), real-time polymerase chain reaction, array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and next generation sequencing (NGS). Reliable classification of patients with MPS VI is necessary for ongoing and future studies on treatments, outcomes and prenatal diagnoses (PNDs). The dependable characterization of patients would be achieved by biochemical techniques and enzymatic assay. However, if a molecular defect is previously identified in the family, PND via mutation scanning is possible.
Evaluation of the analytical performance of the Beckman Coulter Unicel DXI 800 Access Total 25(OH) Vitamin D immunoassay
Authors: Topçuoğlu Canan , Sezer Sevilay , Yılmaz Fatma Meriç , Kösem Arzu , Ercan Mujgan , Turhan Turan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs vitamin D has recently been implicated in various diseases, vitamin D testing has gained a lot more significance. Vitamin D deficiency is quite prevalent, and detection of this condition is important. Several manufacturers have developed new automated immunoassays for this purpose. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of the Access Total 25(OH) Vitamin D immunoassay on the Beckman Coulter Unicel DXI 800 analyzer, through comparison with the reference method, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).MethodsThe study was conducted with 148 patient samples which were sent to Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital for routine vitamin D testing. Every sample was analyzed with both Unicel DXI 800 immunoassay analyzer and LC-MS/MS. The concordance of the results was evaluated with Passing-Bablok regression analysis and Bland-Altman plot. Additionally, imprecision, interference, limit of blank (LOB), recovery, linearity and carry-over studies were performed for the Beckman Coulter Unicel DXI 800 analyzer.ResultsWhen compared to LC-MS/MS, the Access Total 25(OH) Vitamin D immunoassay on the Beckman Coulter Unicel DXI 800 analyzer had an R-value of 0.957 (intercept: −3.938, slope: 1.185) and a mean bias of 9.5%. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) between the two methods was 0.916. The intra-assay, inter-assay and total coefficient of variation (CV%) for the Unicel DXI 800 vitamin D immunoassay were 3.3%, 5.3% and 8.3%, respectively, at 31.7 ng/mL concentration, and 2.1%, 3.2% and 7%, respectively, at 66.8 ng/mL concentration.ConclusionsThe Access Total 25(OH) Vitamin D immunoassay method has acceptable analytical performance, and the results are in concordance with the LC-MS/MS results.