bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partial and Conditional Expectations in Markov Decision Processes with Integer Weights
Authors: Piribauer Jakob , Baier Christel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe paper addresses two variants of the stochastic shortest path problem (“optimize the accumulated weight until reaching a goal state”) in Markov decision processes (MDPs) with integer weights. The first variant optimizes partial expected accumulated weights, where paths not leading to a goal state are assigned weight 0, while the second variant considers conditional expected accumulated weights, where the probability mass is redistributed to paths reaching the goal. Both variants constitute useful approaches to the analysis of systems without guarantees on the occurrence of an event of interest (reaching a goal state), but have only been studied in structures with non-negative weights. Our main results are as follows. There are polynomial-time algorithms to check the finiteness of the supremum of the partial or conditional expectations in MDPs with arbitrary integer weights. If finite, then optimal weight-based deterministic schedulers exist. In contrast to the setting of non-negative weights, optimal schedulers can need infinite memory and their value can be irrational. However, the optimal value can be approximated up to an absolute error of $$\epsilon $$ in time exponential in the size of the MDP and polynomial in $$\log (1/\epsilon )$$.
The Impatient May Use Limited Optimism to Minimize Regret
Authors: Cadilhac Michaël , Pérez Guillermo A. , van den Bogaard Marie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiscounted-sum games provide a formal model for the study of reinforcement learning, where the agent is enticed to get rewards early since later rewards are discounted. When the agent interacts with the environment, she may realize that, with hindsight, she could have increased her reward by playing differently: this difference in outcomes constitutes her regret value. The agent may thus elect to follow a regret- minimal strategy. In this paper, it is shown that (1) there always exist regret-minimal strategies that are admissible—a strategy being inadmissible if there is another strategy that always performs better; (2) computing the minimum possible regret or checking that a strategy is regret-minimal can be done in "Equation missing", disregarding the computational cost of numerical analysis (otherwise, this bound becomes "Equation missing").
Same-Sex Parents and Children’s School Progress: An Association That Disappeared Over Time
Authors: Boertien Diederik , Bernardi Fabrizio 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Research is divided as to whether children living in same-sex parent families achieve different outcomes compared with their peers. In this article, we improve on earlier estimates of such differences and subsequently study whether and why the association between parental union sex composition and children’s school progress changed over time. Data from the American Community Survey waves 2008–2015 (N = 1,952,490 including 7,792 children living with a same-sex couple) indicate that children living with same-sex couples were historically more likely to be behind in school but that this association disappeared over time. Changes in socioeconomic characteristics of same-sex couples played a minor role. In 2008, it was only in areas with unfavorable laws and attitudes toward same-sex couples that children living with same-sex couples were more likely to be behind in school. This was especially the case for adopted children. In more recent periods, no effect of parental union sex composition on school progress is observed within any area or among any group studied. Based on where and when these changes took place, it is suggested that changing attitudes toward same-sex couples might have played an important role in equalizing school progress across groups.
A clinical audit of the growth of preterm infants fed predominantly pasteurised donor human milk v. those fed mother’s own milk in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Lloyd Megan L. , Malacova Eva , Hartmann Ben , Simmer Karen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPreterm infants whose mothers are unable to produce sufficient breast milk are increasingly being supplemented with pasteurised donor human milk (PDHM) instead of commercial preterm infant formula. Concerns have been raised that this practice can result in reduced growth. This retrospective clinical audit collected data from the medical records of a cohort of preterm infants (≤30 weeks gestational age) receiving either ≥28 d of PDHM (n 53) or ≥28 d of their mother’s own milk (MOM, n 43) with standard fortification supplied to both groups during admission. Weight growth velocity was assessed from regained birth weight to 34+1 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA); and weight, length and head circumference were compared at discharge and 12 months (corrected age). At 34+1 weeks’ PMA, the weight growth velocity (g/kg per d) was significantly lower in the PDHM group (15·4 g/kg per d, 95 % CI 14·6, 16·1) compared with the MOM group (16·9 g/kg per d, 95 % CI 16·1, 17·7, P=0·007). However, the increase was still within clinically acceptable limits (&gt;15 g/kg per d) and no significant difference was observed in the weight between the two groups. There was no significant difference in weight between the groups at discharge or at the 12-month corrected gestational age review. Although we demonstrated a significant reduction in the weight growth velocity of preterm infants receiving PDHM at 34 weeks’ PMA, this difference is not present at discharge, suggesting that the growth deficit is reduced by supplementation before discharge.
Childhood trauma and the impact of deployment on the development of mental disorder in military males
Authors: Syed Sheriff Rebecca , Van Hooff Miranda , Malhi Gin , Grace Blair , McFarlane Alexander 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildhood adversity is associated with mental disorder following military deployment. However, it is unclear how different childhood trauma profiles relate to developing a post-deployment disorder. We investigated childhood trauma prospectively in determining new post-deployment probable disorder.MethodsIn total, 1009 Regular male ADF personnel from the Australian Defence Force (ADF) Middle East Area of Operations (MEAO) Prospective Study provided pre- and post-deployment self-report data. Logistic regression and generalised structural equation modelling were utilised to examine associations between childhood trauma and new post-deployment probable disorder and possible mediator pathways through pre-deployment symptoms.ResultsThere were low rates of pre-deployment probable disorder. New post-deployment probable disorder was associated with childhood trauma, index deployment factors (combat role and deployment trauma) and pre-deployment symptoms but not with demographic, service or adult factors prior to the index deployment (including trauma, combat or previous deployment). Even after controlling for demographic, service and adult factors prior to the index deployment as well as index deployment trauma, childhood trauma was still a significant determinant of new post-deployment probable disorder. GSEM demonstrated that the association between interpersonal childhood trauma and new post-deployment probable disorder was fully mediated by pre-deployment symptoms. This was not the case for those who experienced childhood trauma that was not interpersonal in nature.ConclusionsTo determine the risk of developing a post-deployment disorder an understanding of the types of childhood trauma encountered is essential, and pre-deployment symptom screening alone is insufficient
Erratum
Authors: ZHOU Z. , OGASAWARA J. , NISHIKAWA Y. 
Published: April 2019

Epidemiol. Infect. 128 (2002), 363–371An outbreak of gastroenteritis in Osaka, Japan due toEscherichia coliserogroup O166[ratio ]H15 that had a coding gene for enteroaggregativeE. coliheat-stable enterotoxin 1 (EAST1)Tables 1 and 2 were omitted
Long-term outcome after tricuspid valvectomy in a neonate with Candida endocarditis: a case report
Authors: Vanhie Ellen S. I. , Bogers Ad J. J. C. , Helbing Willem A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTricuspid valvectomy is a rare surgical intervention, and knowledge regarding long-term outcome in children is lacking. We report a favourable outcome 11 years after tricuspid valvectomy in early infancy without subsequent surgery or other cardiac interventions. Specific criteria for timing of re-intervention are lacking. Application of adult tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation recommendations is helpful but has limitations.
Sudden cardiac death associated with cardiac catheterization in Williams syndrome: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Abu-Sultaneh Samer , Gondim Mercia J. , Alexy Ryan D. , Mastropietro Christopher W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWilliams syndrome is a rare genetic disease that affects elastin production, leading to medium and large vessel stenoses and other abnormalities. Cardiac manifestations of Williams syndrome are the most life-threatening, occurring in 80% of children. Children with Williams syndrome are known to be at risk for sudden cardiac death. These tragic events are often precipitated by diagnostic or therapeutic procedures requiring anaesthesia or sedation, such as cardiac catheterisation. We present the case of a 3-month-old infant with Williams syndrome who suffered sudden cardiac arrest during cardiac catheterisation and subsequent arrest approximately 48 hours after the procedure. We also review the current literature focused on children with Williams syndrome who have suffered sudden cardiac arrest during or after cardiac catheterisation procedures.
The genusAfzeliaand the Belitung ship
Authors: HAW STEPHEN G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt has been claimed that the ninth-century shipwreck found near the island of Belitung, Indonesia, is that of an Arabian ship. The evidence for this is examined in detail, and found to be less than convincing. The identifications of samples of wood from the wreck are shown to be unreliable at species level. The construction technique of the ship appears to resemble that of the eastern Indian Ocean, not the western Indian Ocean. Various items from the wreck connect it with Southeast Asia: a piloncito coin probably came from Java. Very little from the ship suggests any link at all with the western Indian Ocean. Overall, the strongest probability is that the ship was built in Southeast Asia.
Late Pleistocene sediments, landforms and events in Scotland: a review of the terrestrial stratigraphic record
Authors: MERRITT Jon W. , HALL Adrian M. , GORDON John E. , CONNELL E. Rodger 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTLithostratigraphical studies coupled with the development of new dating methods has led to significant progress in understanding the Late Pleistocene terrestrial record in Scotland. Systematic analysis and re-evaluation of key localities have provided new insights into the complexity of the event stratigraphy in some regions and the timing of Late Pleistocene environmental changes, but few additional critical sites have been described in the past 25 years. The terrestrial stratigraphic record remains important for understanding the timing, sequence and patterns of glaciation and deglaciation during the last glacial/interglacial cycle. Former interpretations of ice-free areas in peripheral areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are inconsistent with current stratigraphic and dating evidence. Significant challenges remain to determine events and patterns of glaciation during the Early and Middle Devensian, particularly in the context of offshore evidence and ice sheet modelling that indicate significant build-up of ice throughout much of the period. The terrestrial evidence broadly supports recent reconstructions of a highly dynamic and climate-sensitive British–Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS), which apparently reached its greatest thickness in Scotland between 30 and 27ka, before the global LGM. A thick (relative to topography) integrated ice sheet reaching the shelf edge with a simple ice-divide structure was replaced after the LGM by a much thinner one comprising multiple dispersion centres and a more complex flow structure.
Faking-Good Behavior in Self-Favorable Scales of the	MMPI-2
Authors: Roma Paolo , Mazza Cristina , Mammarella Simona , Mantovani Beatrice , Mandarelli Gabriele , Ferracuti Stefano 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Speeded answering to items on a personality test has long been considered a factor in the validity of the results obtained. In this study, to better understand the utility of time pressure in the evaluation of faking-good behavior, we assessed four groups of volunteers in “honest versus faking-good” and “without time pressure versus speeded” conditions. We compared respondents’ T-point scores in the three self-favorable scales of the MMPI-2 (L, K, and S), their response latencies in these scales, and the number of pathological items they endorsed. Data from 102 males ( M = 25.5, SD = 2.16 years) showed that the faking-good condition required more time and the speeded condition increased T-point scores. Comparisons with previous research are discussed, and ideas for further study are generated.
Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations of ULF Waves and Correlated Low‐Energy Ion Monoenergetic Acceleration
Authors: Li B. , Han D.‐S. , Hu Z.‐J. , Hu H.‐Q. , Liu J.‐J. , Dai L. , Liu H. , Escoubet C. P. , Dunlop M. W. , Ergun R. E. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLow‐energy ions of ionospheric origin with energies below 10s of electron volt dominate most of the volume and mass of the terrestrial magnetosphere. However, sunlit spacecraft often become positively charged to several 10s of volts, which prevents low‐energy ions from reaching the particle detectors on the spacecraft. Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft (MMS) observations show that ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves drive low‐energy ions to drift in the E × B direction with a drift velocity equal to VE × B, and low‐energy ions were accelerated to sufficient total energy to be measured by the MMS/Fast Plasma Investigation Dual Ion Spectrometers. The maximum low‐energy ion energy flux peak seen in MMS1's dual ion spectrometer measurements agreed well with the theoretical calculation of H+ ion E × B drift energy. The density of ions in the energy range below minimum energy threshold was between 1 and 3 cm−3 in the magnetosphere subsolar region in this event.
Southwest Pacific Vertical Structure Influences on Oceanic Carbon Storage Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Clementi Vincent J. , Sikes Elisabeth L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLower atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 23.0–18.0 ka) have been attributed to the sequestration of respired carbon in the ocean interior, yet the mechanism responsible for the release of this CO2 during the deglaciation remains uncertain. Here we present calculations of vertical differences in oxygen and carbon isotopes (∆δ18O and ∆δ13C, respectively) from a depth transect of southwest Pacific Ocean sediment cores to reconstruct changes in water mass structure and CO2 storage. During the Last Glacial Maximum, ∆δ18O indicates a more homogenous deep Pacific below 1,100 m, whereas regional ∆δ13C elucidates greater sequestration of CO2 in two distinct layers: enhanced CO2 storage at intermediate depths between ~940 and 1,400 m, and significantly more CO2 at 1,600 m and below. This highlights an isolated glacial intermediate water mass and places the main geochemical divide at least 500 m shallower than the Holocene. During the initial stages of the deglaciation in Heinrich Stadial 1 (17.5–14.5 ka), restructuring of the upper ~2,000 m of the southwest Pacific water column coincided with sea‐ice retreat and rapid CO2 release from intermediate depths, while CO2 release from the deep ocean was earlier and more gradual than waters above it. These changes suggest that sea‐ice retreat and shifts in Southern Ocean frontal locations contributed to rapid CO2 ventilation from the Southern Ocean's intermediate depths and gradual ventilation from the deep ocean during the early deglaciation.
New Method for Computing Postseismic Deformations in a Realistic Gravitational Viscoelastic Earth Model
Authors: Tang He , Sun Wenke 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAfter extensive development of the dislocation theories regarding static deformations that are due to earthquakes, coseismic deformations can be well explained by the present elastic dislocation theories. However, it is difficult to separate and interpret the contributions from interseismic and postseismic deformations, because various mechanisms are involved, including the coupling of the fault interface, aftershock activity, porous‐elastic rebound, and viscoelastic relaxation. It is only possible to infer the dominant mechanism for an earthquake via multiobservation of postseismic deformations in regions that have a dense geodetic network. Accurately simulating a process in a realistic Earth model is a unique way to overcome this difficulty. Here, we present a new robust, accurate, and antioscillational method for modeling the postseismic deformations that are due to viscoelastic relaxation in a realistic gravitational spherical Earth model with linear viscoelastic rheological models. The viscoelastic dislocation Love numbers are evaluated by comparing the results of Sun and Okubo (1993, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB03536), those of Tanaka et al. (2006 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02821.x, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03486.x), and our newly derived analytical results. The satisfactory consistency between our new results and previous ones demonstrates that our proposed method is highly accurate. This robust and accurate forward modeling approach is helpful for investigating and separating the major mechanism of the postseismic deformations and will greatly benefit the inverse investigation of the ground viscoelastic parameters from geodetic observations.
Cytokine-induced translocation of GRP78 to the plasma membrane triggers a pro-apoptotic feedback loop in pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Vig Saurabh , Buitinga Mijke , Rondas Dieter , Crèvecoeur Inne , van Zandvoort Marc , Waelkens Etienne , Eizirik Decio L. , Gysemans Conny , Baatsen Pieter , Mathieu Chantal , Overbergh Lut 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is an ubiquitously expressed endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, with a central role in maintaining protein homeostasis. Recently, an alternative role for GRP78 under stress conditions has been proposed, with stress-induced extracellular secretion and translocation of GRP78 to the cell surface where it acts as a multifunctional signaling receptor. Here we demonstrate translocation of GRP78 to the surface of human EndoC-βH1 cells and primary human islets upon cytokine exposure, in analogy to observations in rodent INS-1E and MIN6 beta cell lines. We show that GRP78 is shuttled via the anterograde secretory pathway, through the Golgi complex and secretory granules, and identify the DNAJ homolog subfamily C member 3 (DNAJC3) as a GRP78-interacting protein that facilitates its membrane translocation. Evaluation of downstream signaling pathways, using N- and C-terminal anti-GRP78 blocking antibodies, demonstrates that both GRP78 signaling domains initiate pro-apoptotic signaling cascades in beta cells. Extracellular GRP78 itself is identified as a ligand for cell surface GRP78 (sGRP78), increasing caspase 3/7 activity and cell death upon binding, which is accompanied by enhanced Chop and Bax mRNA expression. These results suggest that inflammatory cytokines induce a self-destructive pro-apoptotic feedback loop through the secretion and membrane translocation of GRP78. This proapoptotic function distinguishes the role of sGRP78 in beta cells from its reported anti-apoptotic and proliferative role in cancer cells, opening the road for the use of compounds that block sGRP78 as potential beta cell-preserving therapies in type 1 diabetes.
Monomethyltransferase SET8 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma growth by enhancing aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Chen Xiangyuan , Ding Xiaowei , Wu Qichao , Qi Jie , Zhu Minmin , Miao Changhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers worldwide. Despite such a public health importance, efficient therapeutic agents are still lacking for this malignancy. Most tumor cells use aerobic glycolysis to sustain anabolic growth, including HCC, and the preference of glycolysis often leads to a close association with poorer clinical outcomes. The histone methyltransferase SET8 plays crucial roles in controlling cell-cycle progression, transcription regulation, and tumorigenesis. However, it remains largely undefined whether SET8 affects the glucose metabolism in HCC. Here, we report that upregulation of SET8 is positively correlated with a poor survival rate in HCC patients. Both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SET8 deficiency conferred an impaired glucose metabolism phenotype and thus inhibited the progression of HCC tumors. By contrast, SET8 overexpression aggravated the glycolytic alterations and tumor progression. Mechanistically, SET8 directly binds to and inactivates KLF4, resulting in suppression of its downstream SIRT4. We also provided further evidence that mutations in SET8 failed to restrain the transactivation of SIRT4 by KLF4. Our data collectively uncover a novel mechanism of SET8 in mediating glycolytic metabolism in HCC cells and may provide a basis for targeting SET8 as a therapeutic strategy in HCC.
B7-H3 promotes aerobic glycolysis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells by regulating HK2
Authors: Shi Tongguo , Ma Yanchao , Cao Lei , Zhan Shenghua , Xu Yunyun , Fu Fengqing , Liu Cuiping , Zhang Guangbo , Wang Zhenxin , Wang Ruoqin , Lu Huimin , Lu Binfeng , Chen Weichang , Zhang Xueguang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that aerobic glycolysis is important for colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. B7-H3, an immunoregulatory protein, is broadly overexpressed by multiple tumor types and plays a vital role in tumor progression. In this study, we found that overexpression of B7-H3 effectively increased the rate of glucose consumption and lactate production, whereas knockdown of B7-H3 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, we showed that B7-H3 increased glucose consumption and lactate production by promoting hexokinase 2 (HK2) expression in CRC cells, and we also found that HK2 was a key mediator of B7-H3-induced CRC chemoresistance. Depletion of HK2 expression or treating cells with HK2 inhibitors could reverse the B7-H3-induced increase in aerobic glycolysis and B7-H3-endowed chemoresistance of cancer cells. Moreover, we verified a positive correlation between the expression of B7-H3 and HK2 in tumor tissues of CRC patients. Collectively, our findings suggest that B7-H3 may be a novel regulator of glucose metabolism and chemoresistance via controlling HK2 expression in CRC cells, a result that could help develop B7-H3 as a promising therapeutic target for CRC treatment.