bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography to asses maternal and foetal structures in pregnant ewes
Authors: da Silva Priscila D. A. , Uscategui Ricardo Andrés R. , Santos Victor J. C. , Taira Augusto R. , Mariano Renata S. G. , Rodrigues Mariana G. K. , Simões Ana Paula R. , Maronezi Marjury C. , Avante Michelle L. , Monteiro Frederico O. B. , Vicente Wilter R. R. , Feliciano Marcus A. R. 
Published: November 2018

ContentsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the stiffness of foetal lungs, liver, kidneys and placentomes by acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in ovine and to correlate obtained findings with foetal development. Twenty‐four ewes were included, and tissue stiffness of foetal lung, liver, kidney and placentome was measured beginning with 10th gestational week by qualitative–quantitative ARFI elastography. A total of 33 healthy lambs were born. Qualitative elastographic analysis permitted to classify maternal and foetal tissues elasticity in decreasing order as follows: placentome, kidney, liver and lung. Regarding quantitative ARFI elastography data, shear wave velocity (SWV) of foetal lung and liver varied. The lung SWV decreased gradually from the 16th to the 21st gestational week (R2 = 0.80; p < 0.001), while liver SWV increased gradually from the 14th to 21st gestational week (R2 = 0.80; p < 0.001). In contrast, the kidneys and placentomes SWV's remained constant through gestation (p = 0.076; and 0.34). ARFI elastography was shown feasible for evaluation of maternal and foetal tissues stiffness in the ovine model. It can be used to demonstrate pulmonary and hepatic stiffness modifications during foetal development.
Improving outgroup attitudes in schools: First steps toward a teacher‐led vicarious contact intervention
Authors: Liebkind Karmela , Mäkinen Viivi , Jasinskaja‐Lahti Inga , Renvik Tuuli Anna , Solheim Erling F. 
Published: November 2018

Despite the urgent need for promoting positive intergroup relations in schools, research on intergroup relations is not systematically translated into prejudice‐reduction interventions. Although prejudice‐reduction interventions in schools based on indirect contact have been conducted for decades, they have all been carried out by researchers themselves. In a field experiment in Finland in autumn 2015, we tested for the first time a vicarious contact prejudice‐reduction intervention for its effectiveness among adolescents (N = 639) when implemented independently by school teachers instead of researchers. In addition, we tested the extent to which the intervention's effect depends on initial outgroup attitudes, previous direct outgroup contact experiences, and gender, hypothesizing that the intervention improves outgroup attitudes particularly among adolescents with more negative prior attitudes and less positive prior direct contact, and more among girls than among boys. We found an unanticipated overall deterioration in the outgroup attitudes during intervention in both the experimental and control groups. However, attitudes seemed to deteriorate somewhat less in the experimental than in the control group, and the intervention had a significant positive effect on outgroup attitudes in one experimental subgroup that needed it most: girls who had negative rather than positive outgroup attitudes at the outset. We discuss our results in light of previous research and contextual particularities.
A framework for connecting two interoperability universes: OGC Web Feature Services and Linked Data
Authors: Vilches‐Blázquez Luis M. , Saavedra Jhonny 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiverse studies have shown that about 80% of all available data are related to a spatial location. Most of these geospatial data are available as structured and semi‐structured datasets, and often use distinct data models, are encoded using ad‐hoc vocabularies, and sometimes are being published in non‐standard formats. Hence, these data are isolated within silos and cannot be shared and integrated across organizations and communities. Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) have emerged and contributed to significantly enhance data discovery and accessibility based on OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) Web services. However, finding, accessing, and using data disseminated through SDIs are still difficult for non‐expert users. Overcoming the current geospatial data challenges involves adopting the best practices to expose, share, and integrate data on the Web, that is, Linked Data. In this article, we have developed a framework for generating, enriching, and exploiting geospatial Linked Data from multiple and heterogeneous geospatial data sources. This proposal allows connecting two interoperability universes (SDIs, more specifically Web Feature Services, WFS, and Semantic Web technologies), which is evaluated through a study case in the (geo)biodiversity domain.
Transfusion‐associated chest pain
Authors: Murphy Colin , Parakh Rugvedita , Metcalf Ryan , Pagano Monica B. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDChest pain is a common clinical dilemma and is rarely reported as part of suspected adverse events in transfusion recipients. The aim of this study is to describe and characterize the clinical presentation of transfusion‐associated chest pain and how it relates to currently defined National Healthcare Safety Network hemovigilance entities.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis is a retrospective chart review at a single large academic institution of patients who reported chest pain during or after a transfusion that resulted in a transfusion reaction investigation during the period January 2004 to December 2016.RESULTSOf approximately 500,000 transfusions occurring during the study period and 3220 suspected transfusion reactions reported, 23 (0.7%) reactions involving chest pain were identified, of which 20 had medical records available for analysis. Ninety percent of cases presented with chest pain within 2.5 hours of the start of transfusion, with a mean time of onset of 92.2 minutes. Fourteen RBC units and 6 platelet units were implicated, and all transfusions were ABO identical. All posttransfusion workups were negative for hemolysis or agglutination on direct antiglobulin testing. Twenty percent of cases showed evidence of acute coronary ischemia that was first detected during transfusion with rising troponins or electrocardiographic abnormalities, all in association with RBC transfusion for anemia. For most reactions, the signs and symptoms did not fit any hemovigilance definitions for transfusion reactions.CONCLUSIONChest pain is an infrequently reported chief complaint for transfusion reactions. Increased circulatory volume due to transfusion may be an important contributor to myocardial demand ischemia in at‐risk patients. Additional studies are necessary to determine the clinical significance of chest pain during transfusion and to elucidate potential mechanisms.
Variations in RBC and frozen plasma utilization rates across 62 Ontario community hospitals
Authors: Qiang Judy K. , Thompson Troy , Callum Jeannie , Pinkerton Peter , Lin Yulia 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDRecent province‐wide audits of frozen plasma (FP) and RBC use in Ontario showed a high rate of inappropriate transfusions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a retrospective, ecological study to determine variations in RBC and FP utilization rates across Ontario community hospitals between 2012 and 2017. Annual utilization rates were reported using descriptive statistics. Rates of blood component use were correlated with size of hospital, presence of specialized programs, and quality improvement (QI) initiatives, using Poisson regression.RESULTSRBC and FP utilization rates decreased from 2012 to 2017 (p = 0.03 for FP; p < 0.01 for RBC). There was a 10‐fold difference in RBC and FP transfusion rates between the highest and lowest users. Smaller hospitals (p < 0.05) and sites with any QI initiative (p = 0.006) were associated with lower FP utilization rates. Hospitals without cancer programs (p = 0.02) and sites with RBC guidelines (p = 0.05) or with technologists who prospectively screened transfusion orders (p = 0.01) had lower RBC transfusion rates. RBC utilization rates decreased further after the implementation of RBC guidelines (p = 0.02) and order sets (p = 0.005). There was a positive correlation between FP and RBC transfusion rates for each fiscal year (p < 0.005 for all years).CONCLUSIONRBC and FP utilization showed wide variation across community hospitals in Ontario. Overall, transfusion rates decreased over time. A further decrease was observed at sites with QI initiatives, supporting their implementation in reducing utilization. These data will serve as a baseline to highlight sites and practices where QI initiatives may be most beneficial and replicated in other jurisdictions.
Reappraisal of the Eocene whiptail stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Dasyatidae) of the Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy
Authors: Marramà Giuseppe , Carnevale Giorgio , Naylor Gavin J. P. , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Eocene whiptail stingrays of the family Dasyatidae from the Bolca Lagerstätte, NE Italy, are revised herein in detail. The analysis of the anatomical and morphometric features allows us to identify the species “Dasyatis” zigni (Molin, 1861) as a junior synonym of “D.” muricatus (Volta, 1796), and to assign it to the new genus Tethytrygon gen. n. This new taxon exhibits a unique combination of features (e.g., rhombic disc wider than long, elongated tail folds fail to reach the tip of the tail, thorns absent, single serrated tail sting, “caniniform” teeth on upper jaw, tooth crown ornamentation absent, 175–179 vertebrae, 108–117 pectoral radials, 24–27 pelvic radials and other features of clasper anatomy) that clearly support its attribution to the subfamily Neotrygoninae of the stingray family Dasyatidae. The morphological and phylogenetic affinities of Tethytrygon gen. n. with the living neotrygonines (Neotrygon and Taeniura) suggest a close association of this taxon with the tropical shallow‐water habitats hypothesized for the Bolca palaeoenvironment during the early Eocene. Moreover, the analysis of the fossil occurrences of the neotrygonines provides new insights into the role of the Tethys for the origin and evolutionary history of certain whiptail stingrays.
Protocol for the systematic review of research on professional learning to promote implementation of a multitiered system of support in education
Authors: Castillo Jose M , Wolgemuth Jennifer R , Ginns Diana S , Latimer Joseph , Scheel Nicholas , McKenna Meaghan , March Amanda L , Moulton Sara , Wang Joy , Thoman Sarah , Jenkins Andrew , Henson Kelli , Ferron John M 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionA multitiered system of supports (MTSS) represents a widely adopted public health approach to education in the USA. Researchers agree professional learning is critical for educators to implement the critical components of MTSS; however, professional learning approaches vary in their designs and targeted outcomes. While researchers increasingly focus their inquiries on professional learning for MTSS, no systematic research review exists.ObjectivesThe primary objectives for this mixed-methods review are to (1) understand how professional learning focused on MTSS has been operationalised (2) determine the impact of professional learning on educator (eg, knowledge) and implementation (eg, data-based decision-making processes) outcomes and (3) understand the contextual variables that influence professional learning in the USA. We aim to determine which elements of professional learning improve educators’ capacity to implement MTSS.Methods and analysisWe will include studies that use quantitative and qualitative methods. PsycInfo, PubMed, CIHAHL and ERIC will be the primary research databases used to search for studies published from January 1997 to May 2018. We also will search the US Institute for Educational Sciences and Office of Special Education Programs websites, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Science Watch and MSN. Finally, we will search the proceedings of relevant conferences, examine the reference lists of studies that pass full screening and contact authors for additional work. Data extraction will include participant demographics, intervention details, study design, outcomes, analyses and key findings. We will conduct a quality assessment and analyse the data using effect size and thematic analyses.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional review board or ethics approval is not needed for this review of already published works. We will disseminate the findings through presentations at state, national and international conferences; presentations to stakeholders and agencies; publication in peer-reviewed journals; and posts to organisational and agency websites.
Postablation Atrial Fibrillation Burden and Patient Activity Level: Insights From the DISCERN AF Study
Authors: Proietti Riccardo , Birnie David , Ziegler Paul D. , Wells George A. , Verma Atul 
Published: November 2018

Background

Recent evidence shows an association between the level of physical activity and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with atrial fibrillation (
AF
). We sought to assess the impact of
AF
daily burden on the activity level of the patient who underwent pulmonary vein isolation.

Methods and Results

Patients enrolled in the
DISCERN AF
(Discerning Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Episodes Pre and Post Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation) study all had insertable cardiac monitors, which provided the daily burden of atrial tachycardia and atrial fibrillation (
AT
/
AF
) and a corresponding activity level. A total of 44 341 daily
AT
/
AF
burden points were collected from 50 patients with an average of 887 observations for every patient, with <5 minutes of
AT
/
AF
reported on 82.6% of days. The daily burden of
AT
/
AF
after ablation ranged between 0 and 1440 minutes. The minimum and maximum daily activity was 0 and 600 minutes per day, respectively. A significant inverse association was detected between activity levels and
AF
burden (
P
<0.001; 95%
confidence interval,
0.01–0.04). The daily activity starts progressively decreasing after 500 minutes of
AF
and considerably drops after 1000 minutes. The association between activity level and burden of
AT
/
AF
was still statistically significant after adjustment for clinical variables (
P
=0.02; 95%
confidence interval,
−003 to 0.04).

Conclusions

Daily activity level correlates with daily
AT
/
AF
burden in patients who underwent
AF
ablation. The daily activity started decreasing after a daily burden of 500 minutes of
AF
and greatly drops after 1000 minutes. Therefore, the amount of
AT
/
AF
burden that may impact the activity level seems to be related to hours and not minutes of arrhythmias.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00745706.
Modeling road mortality hotspots of Eastern Hermann’s tortoise in Romania
Authors: Iosif Ruben , Iosif Ruben , Rozylowicz Laurenţiu , Iosif Ruben , Rozylowicz Laurenţiu , Popescu Viorel Dan 
Published: November 2018

Road-associated mortality can lead to local declines of wildlife populations, and management agencies are actively implementing mitigation measures, especially focused on potential road mortality hotspots. In this study we used a spatially-explicit simulation modeling approach to estimate the hotspots of road mortality for the Eastern Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri) within its distribution range in Romania. Using a field experiment, we first evaluated velocities while crossing roads. Adult male tortoises moved faster than females (3.98 m/min vs. 2.51 m/min) which led to higher individual probabilities for females being killed on high-traffic roads (0.61 for females vs. 0.44 for males at traffic levels of 7000 vehicles/day). Both males and females had similar road mortality probabilities for traffic levels <1000 and >35 000 vehicles/day. Our spatially explicit model suggests that, within the entire Romanian distributional range, the tortoises have an overall risk of road mortality 1.6%, which may have a negative impact on tortoise populations. Using the Getis-Ord Gi statistic, we identified road mortality hotspots with mortality rates of 5-30%, in areas bisected by high-traffic national and European-level roads. Our research is timely in that many low-traffic roads are predicted to have increased traffic associated with tourism activities, thus increasing the overall risk of mortality. We suggest that mitigation measures such as signage and roadside fences associated with underpasses have the potential to limit road mortality of this threatened species within predicted current mortality hotspots.
Species-specific escape behaviour in grasshoppers
Authors: Butler Eric M. 
Published: November 2018

A number of vertebrate species have been shown to flee at species-specific distances when approached by a predator but data on invertebrate escape behaviour are few. Grasshoppers are visually-orienting invertebrates that switch between walking when undisturbed to flying or jumping to flee from predators, thereby allowing the beginning and end of an escape attempt to be clearly defined. I studied the approach distances, escape distances, and angles of escape of nine sympatric species of acridid grasshoppers. Both approach distance and escape distance were correlated with each other and differed among species. Angle of escape showed no discernible trends. Within species some variation in escape behaviour was seen among sexes and colour morphs. The variation in escape behaviour among species was correlated with phylogeny but not with body size.
Meloidogyne paranaensis and M. exigua alter coffee physiology
Authors: Goulart Roseli dos R. , Terra Willian C. , Salgado Sônia M. de L. , Alves José D. , Campos Vicente P. , Fatobene Bárbhara J. dos R. , Marchiori Paulo E.R. , de Souza Simone R. , Oliveira Rosângela D’A. de L. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., cause great losses to coffee crops in Brazil and worldwide. However, little is known about the physiological changes that these pathogens induce in coffee plants. The present work aimed to compare the physiological variables of coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica ‘Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144’) infected with Meloidogyne paranaensis or M. exigua with healthy coffee plants. Nematode-infected plants showed reductions in height and starch content in roots compared to healthy plants. In addition, the infected plants had a reduction in transpiration, stomatal conductance and CO2 concentration. However, only the coffee seedlings infected with M. paranaensis showed reduction in the rate of photosynthesis. Nematode-infected plants had lower leaf contents of P, K, Mn and Fe when compared to healthy plants. However, only coffee seedlings parasitised by M. paranaensis exhibited lower levels of Ca in the leaves. Therefore, M. paranaensis and M. exigua, with emphasis on M. paranaensis, alter the normal coffee seedling physiology.
Why Children have Rights: Children Rights in Janusz Korczak’s Education Philosophy
Authors: Shner Moshe 
Published: November 2018

Children are a weak part of society. They suffer injustice, their voice is unheard, their property is not theirs and they depend on adults in all aspects of their life. Even today, children are victims of war crimes, street violence, sexual abuse, hard labour, lack of proper education and insufficient life conditions. Their rights remain an unfulfilled promise.We claim that children have rights, but what does it mean? Of course, we love our children, the challenge is not to define what we gracefully give but what children’s rights are, regardless of our own feelings? How can we substantiate the claim that children have rights? The legacy of Janusz Korczak, world-known children’s rights advocate (1878–1942), may help us in this task.Korczak’s education legacy portrays a cluster of inspiring ideas: children are not people-in-the-making, but human beings here-and-now, they deserve our respect and respect implies ultimate rights. Korczak was not only a theoretician, but also an educationalist in practice who structured his children’s houses as democratic communities, directed by a children’s parliament, court, newspaper and other community common spaces of discussion and learning.A major question remains: how we connect Korczak’s fragmented and isolated educational ideas and practices, each one inspiring and powerful on its own, into one integrated worldview? Can we connect all the dots into a meaningful picture that substantiates the claim that children have unconditional rights as human beings and not only as an arbitrary gesture of the adults? This study suggests that all of Korczak’s ideas and practices fit into the context of Greek philosophy and Korczak appears as a modern Stoic.His Stoicism gives ground to the idea of children’s dignity and children’s rights as an immediate outcome of this dignity. In the infinity of the cosmos, there is no hierarchy of being. In this context, children have rights like any other human being.
Perilous Empathy on the Early Modern Frontier
Authors: Prince Kathryn 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The captivity narratives produced in New England in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries are rich and complex sources in which to discover early modern attitudes towards empathy. Contemporary scholars including Sara Ahmed and Carolyn Pedwell have argued that empathy can be problematic, reifying and reproducing various forms of injustice under the guise of fellow feeling. On the early modern North American frontier, empathy was understood as problematic for other reasons, an undesirable response to both the captors and the captive that was often diverted, displaced, or denied in captivity narratives. By situating the captivity narratives of Hannah Swarton, Hannah Dustan, Mary Rowlandson and Elizabeth Hanson within their initial cultural contexts and contemporary theories of empathy and emotions, this essay contributes to an alternative history of empathy.
A Numerical Sensitivity Analysis of Soil Moisture Feedback on Convective Precipitation
Authors: Koukoula Marika , Nikolopoulos Efthymios I. , Kushta Jonilda , Bartsotas Nikolaos S. , Kallos George , Anagnostou Emmanouil N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOf the boundary conditions that affect the simulation of convective precipitation, soil moisture is one of the most important. In this study, we explore the impact of the soil moisture on convective precipitation, and factors affecting it, through an extensive numerical experiment based on four convective precipitation events that caused moderate to severe flooding in the Gard region of southern France. High-spatial-resolution (1 km) weather simulations were performed using the integrated atmospheric model Regional Atmospheric Modeling System/Integrated Community Limited Area Modeling System (RAMS/ICLAMS). The experimental framework included comparative analysis of five simulation scenarios for each event, in which we varied the magnitude and spatial distribution of the initial volumetric water content using realistic soil moisture fields with different spatial resolution. We used precipitation and surface soil moisture from radar and satellite sensors as references for the comparison of the sensitivity tests. Our results elucidate the complexity of the relationship between soil moisture and convective precipitation, showing that the control of soil water content on partitioning land surface heat fluxes has significant impacts on convective precipitation. Additionally, it is shown how different soil moisture conditions affect the modeled microphysical structure of the clouds, which translates into further changes in the magnitude and distribution of precipitation.