bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAGE is a Critical Mediator of Pulmonary Oxidative Stress, Alveolar Macrophage Activation and Emphysema in Response to Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Sanders Karl A. , Delker Don A. , Huecksteadt Tom , Beck Emily , Wuren Tanna , Chen Yuntian , Zhang Yuxia , Hazel Mark W. , Hoidal John R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a cell membrane receptor, recognizes ligands produced by cigarette smoke (CS) and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. We demonstrate that deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of RAGE prevents development of CS-induced emphysema. To identify molecular pathways by which RAGE mediates smoking related lung injury we performed unbiased gene expression profiling of alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from RAGE null and C57BL/6 WT mice exposed to CS for one week or four months. Pathway analysis of RNA expression identified a number of genes integral to the pathogenesis of COPD impacted by the absence of RAGE. Altered expression of antioxidant response genes and lung protein 4-HNE immunostaining suggest attenuated oxidative stress in the RAGE null mice despite comparable CS exposure and lung leukocyte burden as the WT mice. Reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress in response to CS exposure also was observed in the AM from RAGE null mice. These findings provide novel insight into the sources of oxidative stress, macrophage activation, and the pathogenesis of lung disease due to CS exposure.
Edge effect pinning in mesoscopic superconducting strips with non-uniform distribution of defects
Authors: Kimmel Gregory J. , Glatz Andreas , Vinokur Valerii M. , Sadovskyy Ivan A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTransport characteristics of nano-sized superconducting strips and bridges are determined by an intricate interplay of surface and bulk pinning. In the limiting case of a very narrow bridge, the critical current is mostly defined by its surface barrier, while in the opposite case of very wide strips it is dominated by its bulk pinning properties. Here we present a detailed study of the intermediate regime, where the critical current is determined, both, by randomly placed pinning centres and by the Bean-Livingston barrier at the edge of the superconducting strip in an external magnetic field. We use the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations to describe the vortex dynamics and current distribution in the critical regime. Our studies reveal that while the bulk defects arrest vortex motion away from the edges, defects in their close vicinity promote vortex penetration, thus suppressing the critical current. We determine the spatial distribution of the defects optimizing the critical current and find that it is in general non-uniform and asymmetric: the barrier at the vortex-exit edge influence the critical current much stronger than the vortex-entrance edge. Furthermore, this optimized defect distribution has a more than 30% higher critical current density than a homogeneously disorder superconducting film.
Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein-1 Induces the Expression of SUMO-1 and SUMO-2/3 in LMP1-positive Lymphomas and Cells
Authors: Salahuddin Sadia , Fath Emma K. , Biel Natalie , Ray Ashley , Moss C. Randall , Patel Akash , Patel Sheetal , Hilding Leslie , Varn Matthew , Ross Tabithia , Cramblet Wyatt T. , Lowrey Angela , Pagano Joseph S. , Shackelford Julia , Bentz Gretchen L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEpstein-Barr Virus latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9, which induces protein sumoylation and may contribute to LMP1-mediated oncogenesis. After analyzing human lymphoma tissues and EBV-positive cell lines, we now document a strong correlation between LMP1 andsumo-1/2/3or SUMO-1/2/3 levels, and show that LMP1-inducedsumoexpression requires the activation of NF-κB signaling through CTAR1 and CTAR2. Together, these results point to a second mechanism by which LMP1 dysregulates sumoylation processes and adds EBV-associated lymphomas to the list of malignancies associated with increased SUMO expression.
Prediction of mortality in Chinese very old people through the frailty index based on routine laboratory data
Authors: Hao Qiukui , Sun Xuelian , Yang Ming , Dong Biao , Dong Birong , Wei Yuquan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe increased risk of death in older adults can be successfully identified through frailty index (FI), based on comprehensive geriatric assessment data and self-reported data from the accumulated deficit, although the method depending on routine laboratory data (FI-LAB) remains uncertain. In the current study, the capacity of FI-LAB in evaluating the risk of mortality in a very old Chinese community cohort was analyzed. The 90-year- and above old individuals from a Dujiangyan community in Sichuan Province, China, who had completed a health assessment at baseline (in 2005) and whose laboratory data were analyzed (n = 736) from cumulative data from the Project of Longevity and Aging. The FI-LAB data was constructed from routine laboratory data and calculated as the ratio of abnormal factors in 22 variables (including red blood cells, white blood cells, and alanine transaminase) that can be assessed through blood tests. The multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the effect of frailty on death. In the four-year follow-up, 53.5% of the 736 participants (age = 93.6 ± 3.4 years; 67.5% women), were reported dead. The FI-LAB mean baseline value was 0.21 (standard deviation = 0.10; range = 0 to 0.55). Frailty (after adjusting for gender, age, and other confounders) could be directly correlated with increased death risk, with a hazard ratio of 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–1.61) in comparison with those without frailty among the individuals. Frailty as defined by FI-LAB, established only on routine laboratory data, indicates a significant death risk in the very old people.
PrimerROC: accurate condition-independent dimer prediction using ROC analysis
Authors: Johnston Andrew D. , Lu Jennifer , Ru Ke-lin , Korbie Darren , Trau Matt 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo-date systematic testing and comparison of the accuracy of available primer-dimer prediction software has never been conducted, due in part to a lack of tools able to measure the efficacy of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) calculations at predicting dimer formation in PCR. To address this we have developed a novel online tool called PrimerROC (www.primer-dimer.com/roc/), which uses epidemiologically-based Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to assess dimer prediction accuracy. Moreover, by integrating PrimerROC with our PrimerDimer prediction software we can determine a ΔG-based dimer-free threshold above which dimer formation is predicted unlikely to occur. Notably, PrimerROC determines this cut-off without any additional information such as salt concentration or annealing temperature, meaning that our PrimerROC method is an assay and condition independent prediction tool. To demonstrate the broad utility of PrimerROC we assessed the performance of seven publically available primer design and dimer analysis tools using a dataset of over 300 primer pairs. We found that our PrimerROC/PrimerDimer software consistently outperforms these other tools and can achieve predictive accuracies greater than 92%. To illustrate its predictive power this method was used in multiplex PCR design to successfully generate four resequencing assays containing up to 126 primers with no observable primer-primer amplification artefacts.
Microbial consumption of organophosphate esters in seawater under phosphorus limited conditions
Authors: Vila-Costa Maria , Sebastián Marta , Pizarro Mariana , Cerro-Gálvez Elena , Lundin Daniel , Gasol Josep M. , Dachs Jordi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe anthropogenic perturbation of the phosphorus (P) marine biogeochemical cycle due to synthetic organophosphorus compounds remains unexplored. The objective of this work was to investigate the microbial degradation of organophosphate triesters (OPEs), widely used as plasticizers and flame retardants, in seawater and their effects on the physiology and composition of microbial communities. Experiments were performed in July 2014 using surface seawater from the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (NW Mediterranean) to which OPEs were added at environmentally relevant concentrations. The concentrations of OPEs in the dissolved-phase generally decreased after 24 hours of incubation at in situ conditions. The fitted first order reaction constants were significantly different than zero for the trihaloalkyl phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and trialyl phosphate tricresyl phosphate. In general, OPEs triggered an increase of the percentage of actively respiring bacteria, total bacterial activity, and the number of low-nucleic acid bacteria, and a decrease in the percentage of membrane-compromised bacteria. Members of some bacterial groups, in particular Flavobacteria, increased their specific activity, indicating that seawater contains bacteria with the potential to degrade OPEs. In aged seawater that was presumably depleted of labile dissolved organic carbon and inorganic P, alkaline phosphatase activities significantly decreased when OPEs were added, indicating a relief on P stress, consistent with the role of OPEs as potential P sources.
New Self-assembled Supramolecular Bowls as Potent Anticancer Agents for Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Song Hae Seong , Song Young Ho , Singh Nem , Kim Hyunuk , Jeon Hyelin , Kim Inhye , Kang Se Chan , Chi Ki-Whan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe report herein on the design, synthesis and biological activity of Ru-based self-assembled supramolecular bowls as a potent anticancer therapeutic in human hepatocellular cancer. The potent complex induces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by higher fatty acid β-oxidation and down-regulation of glucose transporter-mediated pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 via reduced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Also, overexpressed acetyl-CoA activates the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport system and induces hypergeneration of ROS. Finally, ROS overexpressed through this pathway leads to apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the naphthalene derived molecular bowl activates classical apoptosis via crosstalk between the extrinsic and intrinsic signal pathway. Our work into the mechanism of Ru-based self-assembled supramolecular bowls can provide valuable insight into the potential for use as a promising anticancer agent.
A comparative analysis of hepatic pathological phenotypes in C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mouse strains in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis models
Authors: Kawashita Eri , Ishihara Keiichi , Nomoto Madoka , Taniguchi Mika , Akiba Satoshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractC57BL/6J (BL6J) and C57BL/6N (BL6N) inbred substrains are most widely used to understand the pathological roles of target molecules in a variety of diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), based on transgenic mouse technologies. There are notable differences in the metabolic phenotypes, including glucose tolerance, between the BL6J and BL6N substrains, but the phenotypic differences in NASH are still unknown. We performed a comparative analysis of the two mouse substrains to identify the pathological phenotypic differences in NASH models. In the CCl4-induced NASH model, the BL6J mice exhibited a more severe degree of oxidative stress and fibrosis in the liver than the BL6N mice. In contrast, in the high-fat diet-induced NASH model, more accumulation of hepatic triglycerides but less weight gain and liver injury were noted in the BL6J mice than in the BL6N mice. Our findings strongly suggest caution be exercised with the use of unmatched mixed genetic background C57BL6 mice for studies related to NASH, especially when generating conditional knockout C57BL6 mice.
Disruption of selenium transport and function is a major contributor to mercury toxicity in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Dolgova Natalia V , Nehzati Susan , MacDonald Tracy C , Summers Kelly L , Crawford Andrew M , Krone Patrick H , George Graham N , Pickering Ingrid J 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMercury is one of the most toxic elements threatening the biosphere, with levels steadily rising due to both natural and human activities. Selenium is an essential micronutrient, required for normal development and functioning of many organisms. While selenium is known to counteract mercury's toxicity under some conditions, to date information about the mercury-selenium relationship is fragmented and often controversial. As part of a systematic study of mercury and selenium interactions, zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae (a model verterbrate) were exposed to methylmercury chloride or mercuric chloride. The influence of pre- and post-treatment of selenomethionine on the level and distribution of mercury and selenium in the brain and eye sections, as well as on toxicity, were examined. Selenomethionine treatment decreased the amount of maternally transfered mercury in the larval brain. Selenomethionine treatment prior to exposure to mercuric chloride increased both mercury and selenium levels in the brain but decreased their toxic effects. Conversely, methylmercury levels were not changed as a result of selenium pre-treatment, while toxicity was increased. Strikingly, both forms of mercury severely disrupted selenium metabolism, not only by depleting selenium levels due to formation of Hg–Se complexes, but also by blocking selenium transport into and out of tissues, suggesting that restoring normal selenium levels by treating the organism with selenium after mercury exposure may not be possible. Disruption of selenium metabolism by mercury may lead to disruption in function of selenoproteins. Indeed, the production of thyroid hormones by selenoprotein deiodinases was found to be severely impaired as a result of mercury exposure, with selenomethionine not always being a suitable source of selenium to restore thyroid hormone levels.
p16INK4a inhibits the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells through regulating the miR-146b-5p/TRAF6 pathway
Authors: Jiang Mingwei , Lu Wenjia , Ding Xiaomin , Liu Xiaodong , Guo Zhen , Wu Xu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Down-regulation of p16INK4a and miR-146b-5p contributes to tumorigenesis in osteosarcoma (OS). However, the correlation between p16INK4a and miR-146b-5p in OS proliferation remains largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that miR-146b-5p expression was positively correlated with p16INK4a in OS, but inversely correlated with TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6) expression. Overexpression of miR-146b-5p dramatically suppressed OS cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we validated TRAF6 as a direct functional target of miR-146b-5p and found that miR-146b-5p overexpression significantly decreased the level of phosphorylated PI3k and Akt, which are the pivotal downstream effectors of TRAF6. Moreover, TRAF6 expression was positively correlated with Ki-67 but inversely correlated with miR-146b-5p expression. In OS cells, silencing of TRAF6 mimicked the anti-tumor effects of miR-146b-5p. p16INK4a is an important tumor suppressor gene frequently down-regulated in OS. We found that this inhibitory effect is associated with the suppression of the miR-146b-5p, and is mediated via up-regulating TRAF6 expression. Our findings identified p16INK4a and miR-146b-5p as tumor suppressors, and suggested p16INK4a, miR-146b-5p and TRAF6 as potential therapeutic candidates for malignant OS.
Estimating the solar wind pressure at comet 67P from Rosetta magnetic field measurements
Authors: Timar Aniko , Nemeth Zoltan , Szego Karoly , Dósa Melinda , Opitz Andrea , Madanian Hadi 
Published: January 2019

Aims: The solar wind pressure is an important parameter of space weather, which plays a crucial role in the interaction of the solar wind with the planetary plasma environment. Here we investigate the possibility of determining a solar wind pressure proxy from Rosetta magnetic field data, measured deep inside the induced magnetosphere of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. This pressure proxy would be useful not only for other Rosetta related studies but could also serve as a new, independent input database for space weather propagation to other locations in the Solar System.Method: For the induced magnetospheres of comets the magnetic pressure in the innermost part of the pile-up region is balanced by the solar wind dynamic pressure. Recent investigations of Rosetta data have revealed that the maximum magnetic field in the pile-up region can be approximated by magnetic field measurements performed in the inner regions of the cometary magnetosphere, close to the boundary of the diamagnetic cavity, from which the external solar wind pressure can be estimated.Results: We were able to determine a solar wind pressure proxy for the time interval when the Rosetta spacecraft was located near the diamagnetic cavity boundary, between late April 2015 and January 2016. We then compared our Rosetta pressure proxy to solar wind pressure extrapolated to comet 67P from near-Earth. After the exclusion of disturbances caused by transient events, we found a strong correlation between the two datasets.
The history of Arabic lexicography and terminology
Authors: Al-Kasimi Ali M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
After the death of the Prophet Mohammad in 632 A.D., Moslem scholars were in need of understanding certain verses in the Holy
Qur’an and some of the Prophet’s oral tradition and sayings. This need motivated a linguistic movement including grammar and
lexicography.
In the eighth century, Arabic linguists used to leave cities such as Basra and Kūfa for the desert to meet the Bedouins and
record their “pure” language, which was not influenced by the non-Arabic-speaking, new converts to Islam who had settled in
the cities.
Based upon their manual corpus, those linguists produced several monographs or specialized vocabularies on various topics such
as: men, horses, camels, houses, weapons, snakes, plants, etc., before they embarked upon compiling a full-fledged dictionary.
One can safely say that terminology preceded lexicography in the history of Arabic linguistics.
As Islam expanded from Gaul in Europe to Turkistan in just one century after the Prophet’s death and Arabic became the world’s
language, Arabic dictionaries and terminologies, monolingual and bilingual, were compiled in various parts of the world.
Through the ages, Arabic lexicography underwent quantitative and qualitative changes, notably in the following areas:

arrangements of entries: phonetically-based alphabetical arrangement with root permutation, normal alphabetical order
with root permutation, rhyme order, thematic arrangement, ordinary alphabetical arrangement of roots, alphabetical
arrangement of words, combinations of those arrangements, etc.;

arrangements of sub-entries;

arrangements of the senses of the entry word;

definitions of entries;

the inclusion of encyclopedic information.

Although Arabic speakers have produced about two thousand dictionaries of all sorts and varieties, there is not yet any
dictionary that documents the historical changes in the Arabic language. In the twentieth century, there have been a few
unsuccessful attempts to compile such a dictionary. However, at present, there are two hopeful projects using computerized
text corpora: (1) the Federation of Arab Academies’ Historical Dictionary of the
Arabic Language in Cairo and (2) the Doha Historical Dictionary of the Arabic Language in Qatar.
Terminology standardization in the Arab world
Authors: Darir Hassane , Zahid Abdelhamid , Elyaboudi Khalid 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Standardization is a polysemous term. It refers at the same time to the standardization of terms used in scientific and technical fields as well as the process of elaborating standards (or norms) in industry and other economic sectors. In fact, most people immediately think about ISO standards when they hear the term standardization. However, an encyclopedia devoted to scientific, legal, Sufi and technical terminology aims primarily to standardize terms, and this is the focus of the present paper. Whether standardizing terminology itself or standardizing the principles and techniques of managing terminology the ultimate goal of the process is always quality control and assurance. In the Arab World, the standardization of the terminology belonging to a particular subject field, be it a science (such as chemistry, linguistics and physics), art (such as painting), doctrine (such as Marxism) or vocation (such air-traffic and agriculture), attracts more attention than the standardization of terminological principles and techniques or the elaboration of industrial standards. Indeed, whether in language academies, specialized periodicals or in conferences organized by language academies, the Bureau for the Coordination of arabization in the Arab World (BCAAW) or by universities, the terminological issues and problems in the Arab world are greatly discussed.
This article discusses standardization particularly with respect to the Arab World and examines its motivations, core principles, and problems. It also outlines the various attempts that both specialized institutions and individuals have made to standardize Arabic terms (e.g. Lakhdar Ghazal 1977; Hamzaoui 1986a; Heliel 1987 and Darir 2004). The aim is to suggest guidelines that, with further elaboration, could serve as a comprehensive model for the standardization of terms not only in Arabic but also in other languages.
The dilemma of legal terminology in the Arab world
Authors: Shiyab Said 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In an age where the Arab world is becoming interconnected with the global community, legal translation is now on the rise. Because of international accords, societal and global conflicts, international trade and joint business enterprises that have impacted and continue to impact the Arab world, the need for accurate and uniformed legal terminology in Arabic is becoming more vital than ever. So what is it that puts the translation of legal terminology at the forefront of this emerging field? Could it be the lack of proper steps that are being taken by the Arab Language Academies or legal translators or is it because of the clear-cut and distinctive language quality of this changing and challenging field? One of the main purposes of this chapter is to examine the status of legal translation and terminology in the Arab world. The chapter explores the problems facing Arabic legal terminologists and translators such as lack of uniformity, general and specific differences within and across legal systems, and the ambiguity of the legal language, all of which contributes to the confusion surrounding this legal and culture-bound profession. This chapter concludes with implications and applications for further studies, and provides practical solutions to the most common difficulties of translating legal terminology.