bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Relational Experience: A Foundation for the Unfolding Dynamics of Parent–Child Socialization
Authors: Kochanska Grazyna , Boldt Lea J. , Goffin Kathryn C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPsychologists have long tried to understand why trajectories of socialization in individual parent–child dyads can be distinct, leading to adaptive or maladaptive developmental outcomes. In this article, we elucidate origins of those differences by examining the subtle yet enduring implications of early parent–child relationships in longitudinal studies of low‐ and high‐risk families, using correlational and experimental designs, and multiple measures. Those relationships are key for socialization because they can alter cascades from children's biologically based difficult temperament to parents' negative control to negative children's outcomes, as demonstrated by social‐learning theories. We suggest that those cascades unfold only in parent–child dyads whose early relationships lack positive mutuality and security. Such relationships set the tone for adversarial cascades. In contrast, early mutually positive, secure relationships initiate cooperative, effective socialization and defuse risks of negative cascades. Parents' and children's internal representations of each other may explain how such divergent sequelae unfold.
Paracosms: The Imaginary Worlds of Middle Childhood
Authors: Taylor Marjorie , Mottweiler Candice M. , Aguiar Naomi R. , Naylor Emilee R. , Levernier Jacob G. 
Published: October 2018

The invention of imaginary worlds (“paracosms”) is a creative activity of middle childhood that has previously been investigated primarily with retrospective adult reports and biographical accounts. In descriptions collected from 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children, the prevalence was 16.9% in Study 1 (n = 77) and 17.4% in Study 2 (n = 92). Children with and without paracosms did not differ in verbal comprehension, divergent thinking (Studies 1 and 2) or working memory (Study 2). However, children with paracosms had more difficulty with inhibitory control (Study 2) and had higher creativity scores on a story‐telling task (Studies 1 and 2). Paracosms provided a vehicle for stories associated with imaginary companions and/or for developing complex narratives alone or with friends.
The Relation Between Callous‐Unemotional Traits, Psychosocial Maturity, and Delinquent Behavior Among Justice‐Involved Youth
Authors: Simmons Cortney , Fine Adam , Knowles Alissa , Frick Paul J. , Steinberg Laurence , Cauffman Elizabeth 
Published: October 2018

Callous‐unemotional (CU) traits are a risk factor for severe and persistent patterns of juvenile delinquency. Given the influence of CU trait assessments in justice‐system settings, it is important to determine whether the predictive utility of CU traits is conditional on the absence of protective psychosocial factors. Employing a sample of justice‐involved male youth (N = 1,216, Mage = 15.29), this study examined whether psychosocial maturity (PSM) outweighs or attenuates the effect of CU traits on delinquency. Results indicated that youth with high CU traits or low PSM offended more during the year following their first arrest. Additionally, PSM moderated the relation between CU traits and offending, such that higher PSM was associated with less offending but only among low CU youth.
Anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibody with DNA binding activity enters living monocytes via cell surface DNA and induces tissue factor expression
Authors: Virachith S , Saito M , Watanabe Y , Inoue K , Hoshi O , Kubota T 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Autoantibodies characteristic for anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are anti-β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) antibodies and anti-DNA antibodies, respectively, and almost half of APS cases occur in SLE. Anti-β2GPI antibodies are recognized to play a pivotal role in inducing a prothrombotic state, but the precise mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In a widely accepted view, binding of anti-β2GPI antibodies to cell surface β2GPI in monocytes and endothelial cells triggers the Toll-like receptor 4-myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (TLR)-4-MyD88) signaling pathway which leads to activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MEK-1/ERK) and/or nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and expression of tissue factor (TF). However, resting cells do not express substantial amounts of TLR-4. Previously, we generated a mouse monoclonal anti-β2GPI antibody WB-6 and showed that it induced a prothrombotic state – including TF expression on circulating monocytes – in normal mice. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the mechanism of interaction between WB-6 and resting monocytes, and found that WB-6 exhibits binding activity to DNA and enters living monocytes or a monocytic cell line and, to a lesser extent, vascular endothelial cells. Treatment of the cells with DNase I reduced the internalization, suggesting the involvement of cell surface DNA in this phenomenon. Monocytes harboring internalized WB-6 expressed TF and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α which, in turn, stimulated endothelial cells to express intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-I) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-I). These results suggest the possibility that a subset of anti-β2GPI antibodies with dual reactivity to DNA possesses ability to stimulate DNA sensors in the cytoplasm, in addition to the cell surface receptor-mediated pathways, leading to produce proinflammatory and prothrombotic states.
No evidence of adverse fertility and pregnancy outcomes in patients with unrecognized and untreated multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Thompson Michael , Burgess John 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveLiterature concerning the impact of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) on fertility is limited to case reports despite the early onset of endocrinopathies, such as primary hyperparathyroidism and prolactinoma, that may impact fertility. This study describes the impact of unrecognized and untreated MEN 1 on fertility and pregnancy outcomes in a multigenerational cohort of the Tasman 1 MEN 1 kindred.MethodsAll MEN 1 positive (MEN 1+, n = 63) and MEN 1 negative (MEN 1−, n = 75) descendants born between 1825 and 1951 of a common founder. Review of birth, death, marriage and medical records provided data on date of birth and death, gender, MEN 1 status and the number of pregnancies and children per parent.ResultsCompared to MEN 1− parents, MEN 1+ parents had more children (RR 1.30, 1.02‐1.66) and live births (RR 1.31, 1.02‐1.67) with no excess of stillbirths (RR 1.24, 0.24‐6.36). Compared to the era‐matched Tasmanian fertility rate, MEN 1+ parents had more children (4.87 ± 4.11 vs 3.40 ± 0.61, P = 0.048), whereas MEN 1− parents had similar numbers of children (3.67 ± 3.27 vs 3.36 ± 0.62, P = 0.55). MEN 1+ parents had a similar number of MEN 1+ and MEN 1− offspring (2.1 ± 1.9 vs 2.5 ± 2.3, P = 0.31). Indirectly assessed miscarriage rate was similar between MEN 1+ and MEN 1− mothers (P = 0.77). Clinically overt pituitary disease reduced MEN 1+ kindred member likelihood of parenthood (33% vs 97%).ConclusionsThere was no adverse impact of MEN 1 on patient fertility overall; however, MEN 1‐related pathology may have impaired the reproductive potential of a subset of individuals with pituitary disease.
Learning A Stroke‐Based Representation for Fonts
Authors: Balashova Elena , Bermano Amit H. , Kim Vladimir G. , DiVerdi Stephen , Hertzmann Aaron , Funkhouser Thomas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDesigning fonts and typefaces is a difficult process for both beginner and expert typographers. Existing workflows require the designer to create every glyph, while adhering to many loosely defined design suggestions to achieve an aesthetically appealing and coherent character set. This process can be significantly simplified by exploiting the similar structure character glyphs present across different fonts and the shared stylistic elements within the same font. To capture these correlations, we propose learning a stroke‐based font representation from a collection of existing typefaces. To enable this, we develop a stroke‐based geometric model for glyphs, a fitting procedure to reparametrize arbitrary fonts to our representation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model through a manifold learning technique that estimates a low‐dimensional font space. Our representation captures a wide range of everyday fonts with topological variations and naturally handles discrete and continuous variations, such as presence and absence of stylistic elements as well as slants and weights. We show that our learned representation can be used for iteratively improving fit quality, as well as exploratory style applications such as completing a font from a subset of observed glyphs, interpolating or adding and removing stylistic elements in existing fonts.
Harnessing marine microclimates for climate change adaptation and marine conservation
Authors: Woodson C. Brock , Micheli Fiorenza , Boch Charles , Al‐Najjar Maha , Espinoza Antonio , Hernandez Arturo , Vázquez‐Vera Leonardo , Saenz‐Arroyo Andrea , Monismith Stephen G. , Torre Jorge 
Published: October 2018

Main Points
Responses to climate change and large‐scale forcing can vary widely at local scales creating marine microclimates.
Microclimates are robust even under extreme large‐scale forcing events (ENSO, climate change) potentially creating spatial refuges or ‘safe spaces’ for important species.
Small/medium no‐take zones, artificial reefs, and other possible spatial management can be placed to harness local variability as an adaptation or conservation measure in the face of climate change.
Electrocardiographic Effects of a Supratherapeutic Dose of WCK 2349, a Benzoquinolizine Fluoroquinolone
Authors: Mason Jay W. , Chugh Rakesh , Patel Anasuya , Gutte Ranjeet , Bhatia Ashima 
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to measure the electrocardiographic (ECG) effects of WCK 2349 (the L‐alanine ester prodrug of levonadifloxacin) at a supratherapeutic oral dose of 2,600 mg. A total of 48 healthy volunteers were randomized to treatment with placebo, WCK 2349, or oral moxifloxacin, 400 mg, in a crossover‐designed thorough QT study. A supratherapeutic mean maximum levonadifloxacin concentration (Cmax) of 43.3 μg/mL was achieved at 3.1 hours. A therapeutic dose of 1,000 mg b.i.d. in a previous study in patients resulted in a Cmax of 17.8 μg/mL. WCK 2349 exerted no significant effect on baseline‐ and placebo‐corrected QTcF (QT interval corrected for heart rate (HR) by the Fridericia formula), QRS, or PR interval. HR was transiently accelerated by a maximum of 14.4 (95% confidence interval, 11.80–16.92) beats per minute (bpm) at 3 hours. Concentration–effect modeling predicted a mean increase of 8.0 bpm at Cmax at the standard therapeutic dose. A therapeutic dose of 1,000 mg b.i.d. of WCK 2349 is not expected to cause clinically significant ECG effects, except for a possible transient increase in HR, which seems to be clinically insignificant.
Alongside the Grain: Conceptualizing Scale and the Upper Threshold of Local in the Agro‐industrial Palouse
Authors: Wilson Troy M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper uses a case study of local food system development in the agro‐industrial Palouse region of the northwestern United States to examine how communities negotiate the boundaries of local. Farmer‐vendor participation in the region's largest farmers market shows that local‐scale boundaries are porous and sometimes problematic, particularly when considering producers on the “upper threshold of local”—the boundary between local and middle socio‐spatial scales. Examining how farmer‐vendor strategies, farmers market politics, and organizational engagement in Palouse civic agriculture relate to a contested upper threshold boundary provides insights on how distance‐dependent notions of local may be challenged, how operation size can be stretched, and how this blurry and porous boundary presents problems for mid‐sized operations hoping to engage or broker multiple locales or scales.
Metrics for evaluating representation target achievement in protected area networks
Authors: Jantke Kerstin , Kuempel Caitlin D. , McGowan Jennifer , Chauvenet Alienor L. M. , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlobal conservation targets (e.g. Aichi Target 11) have helped drive a dramatic expansion of the global protected area (PA) network. Credible metrics have an important role to play in evaluating and expanding PAs to achieve conservation outcomes and objectives. For metrics to be useful and adopted, they need to be transparent, easy to understand, and easy to implement. We present two complementary metrics, “mean protection gap” and “mean target achievement”, for evaluating representation target achievement in PA networks along with the R package “ConsTarget” that calculates and plots both metrics. We use Australia's proposed Commonwealth Marine Reserve network as a case study to demonstrate the application of these metrics. We recommend the metrics be used to evaluate the progress towards building representative PA networks in line with Aichi target 11's goals.
A lifestyle intervention programme for the prevention of Type 2 diabetes mellitus among South Asian women with gestational diabetes mellitus [LIVING study]: protocol for a randomized trial
Authors: Gupta Y. , Kapoor D. , Josyula L. K. , Praveen D. , Naheed A. , Desai A. K. , Pathmeswaran A. , de Silva H. A. , Lombard C. B. , Shamsul Alam D. , Prabhakaran D. , Teede H. J. , Billot L. , Bhatla N. , Joshi R. , Zoungas S. , Jan S. , Patel A. , Tandon N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThis study aims to determine whether a resource‐ and culturally appropriate lifestyle intervention programme in South Asian countries, provided to women with gestational diabetes (GDM) after childbirth, will reduce the incidence of worsening of glycaemic status in a manner that is affordable, acceptable and scalable.MethodsWomen with GDM (diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test using the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria) will be recruited from 16 hospitals in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Participants will undergo a repeat oral glucose tolerance test at 6 ± 3 months postpartum and those without Type 2 diabetes, a total sample size of 1414, will be randomly allocated to the intervention or usual care. The intervention will consist of four group sessions, 84 SMS or voice messages and review phone calls over the first year. Participants requiring intensification of the intervention will receive two additional individual sessions over the latter half of the first year. Median follow‐up will be 2 years. The primary outcome is the proportion of women with a change in glycaemic category, using the American Diabetes Association criteria: (i) normal glucose tolerance to impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance, or Type 2 diabetes; or (ii) impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance to Type 2 diabetes. Process evaluation will explore barriers and facilitators of implementation of the intervention in each local context, while trial‐based and modelled economic evaluations will assess cost‐effectiveness.DiscussionThe study will generate important new evidence about a potential strategy to address the long‐term sequelae of GDM, a major and growing problem among women in South Asia. (Clinical Trials Registry of India No: CTRI/2017/06/008744; Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry No: SLCTR/2017/001; and ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier No: NCT03305939)
Effects of acute fructose loading on levels of serum uric acid—a pilot study
Authors: Olofsson Camilla , Anderstam Björn , Bragfors‐Helin Ann‐Christin , Eriksson Monica , Qureshi Abdul R. , Lindholm Bengt , Hilding Agneta , Wiczkowski Wieslaw , Orsini Nicola , Stenvinkel Peter , Rajamand Ekberg Neda 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundFructose intake may lead to hyperuricaemia, which is associated with increased risk and progression of kidney disease. We aimed to explore the acute effects of fructose loading from different sources, with and without a pizza, on levels of serum uric acid in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) without CKD, and in healthy subjects (HS).MethodsThe study included six HS, and three CKD stage 4‐5 and seven T2D patients. Drinks consumed were blueberry drink (17.5 g fructose), Coca‐Cola (18 g fructose) and fructose drink (35 g fructose). The drinks were also combined with pizza, in total six interventions. Serum samples were collected fasting and 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after intake and also 240 minutes after drink + pizza, and analysed for fructose, uric acid and triglycerides. Postprandial responses were explored using repeated‐measure ANOVA.ResultsBaseline serum uric acid levels were increased in CKD (P = 0.037). There were significant differences in serum fructose and serum uric levels over time between drinks and drinks + pizza for all groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The highest peak in serum fructose followed the fructose drink interventions and the lowest the blueberry drink. The fructose drink interventions gave the highest responses in serum uric acid and the lowest responses followed the blueberry drink. Triglycerides increased following pizza interventions (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIntake of fructose increases serum uric acid. The fructose intake via a blueberry drink induced lowest increase and thus may be protective.
Effect of honey on glucose and insulin concentrations in obese girls
Authors: Farakla Ioanna , Koui Eleni , Arditi Jessica , Papageorgiou Ifigenia , Bartzeliotou Anastasia , Papadopoulos Georgios E. , Mantzou Aimilia , Papathanasiou Chrysanthi , Dracopoulou Maria , Papastamataki Maria , Moutsatsou Paraskevi , Papassotiriou Ioannis , Chrousos George P. , Charmandari Evangelia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildhood obesity represents a major health problem of our century. The benefits of natural products, such as honey, in the management of obesity have gained renewed interest. In this study, we investigated the effect of honey on glucose and insulin concentrations in obese prepubertal girls.Materials and MethodsThirty healthy obese girls aged 10.55 (±SEM:0.34) years with a mean body mass index (BMI) above the 97th centile for age (28.58 ± 1.40 kg/m2, BMI z‐score 2.96) underwent a standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) followed by an oral honey tolerance test (OHTT) 2 weeks later. Both solutions contained 75 g of glucose. Subsequently, subjects were randomized to receive either 15 g of honey or 15 g of marmalade daily, while both groups complied with dietetic instructions. Six months later all subjects were re‐evaluated with an OGTT and an OHTT.ResultsAt the end of the study, all subjects demonstrated a significant reduction in BMI (27.57 ± 1.40, z‐score: 2.54 vs 28.58 ± 1.40 kg/m2, z‐score: 2.96, P < 0.001), however, there were no significant differences in BMI and all parameters tested between the group that received honey and the control group. The areas under the concentration–time curve for glucose and insulin for the entire population were significantly lower following ingestion of honey than glucose solution (P < 0.001) both at the beginning and at the end of study.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that honey does not have an effect on stimulated plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations compared with the standard glucose solution in obese prepubertal girls.
‘Flattening’ tax evasion?
Authors: Filer Randall K. , Hanousek Jan , Lichard Tomáš , Torosyan Karine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe analyze the response of tax evasion to the introduction of a flat tax in several transition economies. Using a novel estimator based on household level data, we show that in most of the countries studied there was no discernible effect on the measured size of unreported income following a flat tax reform. This may imply that decreases in marginal tax rates may frequently have been accompanied by a parallel deterioration in attitudes towards public services and the government in general. The countries that show a response to the flat tax reform appear to be those where satisfaction with government services increased.
Preference and performance of Lepidoptera varies with tree age in juniper woodlands
Authors: Pardikes Nicholas A. , Forister Matthew L. , Dyer Lee A. 
Published: October 2018

1. As trees age, they undergo significant physiological and morphological changes. Nevertheless, tree ontogeny and its impacts on herbivores are often overlooked as determinants of plant–herbivore population dynamics and the strength of plant–herbivore interactions.2.Juniperus(Cupressaceae) is a dominant, long‐lived conifer that serves as the sole host to a specialised assemblage of caterpillars. Over the past 150 years, several juniper species in western North America have expanded their geographic occupancy at local and regional scales, which has resulted in an increase in the number of immature trees on the landscape. Using assays in the laboratory, the effects of tree ontogeny on caterpillar performance and oviposition preference for two juniper specialist caterpillars,Callophrys gryneus(Lycaenidae) andGlena quinquelinearia(Geometridae), were examined. The study considered whether responses to tree ontogeny were consistent across caterpillar species and juniper host species.3. Tree age was found to be a reliable predictor of caterpillar performance, with caterpillars developing more quickly and growing larger when fed foliage from young trees. Differences in the phytochemical diversity between foliage from trees of different ages might help to explain observed differences in caterpillar performance. Interestingly, the specialist butterfly,C. gryneus, displayed an oviposition preference for foliage from old‐growthJuniperus osteospermatrees, despite the fact that larvae of this species performed poorly on older trees.4. It is concluded that young juniper trees are an important resource for the specialised Lepidopteran community and that tree ontogeny is an important component of intraspecific variation, which contributes to the structure of plant–herbivore communities.
Scaffolding agency: A proleptic account of the reactive attitudes
Authors: McGeer Victoria 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the methodological claim made famous by P. F. Strawson: that we understand what features are required for responsible agency by exploring our attitudes and practices of holding responsible. What is the presumed metaphysical connection between holding responsible and being fit to be held responsible that makes this claim credible? I propose a non‐standard answer to this question, arguing for a view of responsible agency that is neither antirealist nor straightforwardly realist. It is instead “constructivist.” On the “Scaffolding View” I defend, reactive attitudes play an essential role in developing, supporting, and thereby maintaining the capacities that make for responsible agency. Although this view has relatively novel implications for a metaphysical understanding of capacities, its chief virtue, in contrast with more standard views, is in providing a plausible defense of why so‐called “responsible agents” genuinely deserve to be treated as such.