bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of in vivo brain glutathione conformers in cingulate cortex among age‐matched control, MCI, and AD patients using MEGA‐PRESS
Authors: Shukla Deepika , Mandal Pravat Kumar , Tripathi Manjari , Vishwakarma Gayatri , Mishra Ritwick , Sandal Kanika 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and glutathione (GSH) mitigates this effect by maintaining redox‐imbalance and free‐radical neutralization. Quantified brain GSH concentration provides distinct information about OS among age‐matched normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients. We report alterations of in vivo GSH conformers, along with the choline, creatine, and N‐acetylaspartate levels in the cingulate cortex (CC) containing anterior (ACC) and posterior (PCC) regions of 64 (27 NC, 19 MCI, and 18 AD) participants using MEscher–GArwood‐Point‐RESolved spectroscopy sequence. Result indicated, tissue corrected GSH depletion in PCC among MCI (p = .001) and AD (p = .028) and in ACC among MCI (p = .194) and AD (p = .025) as compared to NC. Effects of the group, region, and group × region on GSH with age and gender as covariates were analyzed using a generalized linear model with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. A significant effect of group with GSH depletion in AD and MCI was observed as compared to NC. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis of GSH level in CC differentiated between MCI and NC groups with an accuracy of 82.8% and 73.5% between AD and NC groups. Multivariate ROC analysis for the combined effect of the GSH alteration in both ACC and PCC regions provided improved diagnostic accuracy of 86.6% for NC to MCI conversion and 76.4% for NC to AD conversion. We conclude that only closed GSH conformer depletion in the ACC and PCC regions is critical and constitute a potential biomarker for AD.
Understanding the natural history of papillary thyroid cancer: Case series
Authors: Lin Jonathan K. , Sakoda Lori C. , Darbinian Jeanne , Chiao Whitney , Calixto Nathaniel , Gurushanthaiah Deepak , Wang Kevin H. , Durr Megan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) incidence continues to rise. We describe the natural history of untreated PTC patients.MethodsRetrospective case series of 31 untreated PTC patients.ResultsWe identified 31 untreated patients from the Kaiser Permanente Cancer Registry with PTC from 1973 to 2010. Patients were categorized as low risk (n = 16), high risk (n = 12), or low risk but medically contraindicated for surgery (n = 3). At diagnosis, 7 (58.3%) in the high‐risk group had cervical lymph node metastases and 5 (41.7%) had distant metastases, compared to none in the low‐risk group. Among the latter, three (18.8%) patients developed tumor growth >3 mm and one (6.3%) developed regional lymph node metastases without distant metastases. The 10‐year overall survival was 71% and 35% for the low‐risk and high‐risk groups, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with low‐risk untreated PTC were less likely to develop new regional or distant metastases and had better overall survival than patients with high‐risk untreated PTC.Level of Evidence4
Has multiple trace theory been refuted?
Authors: Sutherland Robert J. , Lee Justin Q. , McDonald Robert J. , Lehmann Hugo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple trace theory (Nadel & Moscovitch, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1997, 7, 217–227) has proven to be one of the most novel and influential recent memory theories, and played an essential role in shifting perspective on systems‐level memory consolidation. Here, we briefly review its impact and testable predictions and focus our discussion primarily on nonhuman animal experiments. Perhaps, the most often supported claim is that episodic memory tasks should exhibit comparable severity of retrograde amnesia (RA) for recent and remote memories after extensive damage to the hippocampus (HPC). By contrast, there appears to be little or no experimental support for other core predictions, such as temporally limited RA after extensive HPC damage in semantic memory tasks, temporally limited RA for episodic memories after partial HPC damage, or the existence of storage of multiple HPC traces with repeated reactivations. Despite these shortcomings, it continues to be a highly cited HPC memory theory.
Order/Disorder in Protein and Peptide‐Based Biomaterials
Authors: Ulijn Rein V. , Lampel Ayala 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNature utilizes both order and disorder (or controlled disorder) to achieve exceptional materials properties and functions, while synthetic supramolecular materials mostly exploit just supramolecular order, thus limiting the structural diversity, responsiveness and consequent adaptive functions that can be accessed. Herein, we review the emerging field of supramolecular biomaterials where disorder and order deliberately co‐exist, and can be dynamically regulated by considering both entropic and enthalpic factors in design. We focus on sequence‐structure relationships that govern the (cooperative) assembly pathways of protein and peptide building blocks in these materials. Increasingly, there is an interest in introducing dynamic features in protein and peptide‐based structures, such as the remarkable thermo‐responsiveness and exceptional mechanical properties of elastin materials. Simultaneously, advances in the field of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) give new insights about their involvement in intracellular liquid‐liquid phase separation and formation of disordered, dynamic coacervate structures. These have inspired efforts to design biomaterials with similar dynamic properties. These hybrid ordered/disordered materials employ a combination of intramolecular and supramolecular order/disorder features for construction of assemblies that are dynamically reconfigurable. The assembly of these dynamic structures is mainly entropy‐driven, relying on electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and is mediated in part through the adopted (unstructured) protein conformation or by introducing an oppositely charged guest for peptide building blocks. Examples include design of protein building blocks composed of disordered repeat sequences of elastin‐like polypeptides in combination with ordered regions that adopt a secondary structure, the co‐assembly of proteins with peptide amphiphiles to achieve reconfigurable, yet highly stable membranes or tyrosine‐containing tripeptides with sequence‐controlled order/disorder that upon enzymatic oxidation give rise to melanin‐like polymeric pigments with customizable properties. The resulting hybrid materials with controlled disorder can be metastable, and sensitive to various external stimuli giving rise to insights that are especially attractive for the design of responsive and adaptive materials.
Long noncoding RNA PTENP1 affects the recovery of spinal cord injury by regulating the expression of miR‐19b and miR‐21
Authors: Wang Zhan , Song Yuxin , Han Xingwen , Qu Peng , Wang Wenji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExosomes derived from differentiated P12 cells and MSCs were proved to suppress apoptosis of neuron cells, and phosphatase and tensin homolog pseudogene 1 (PTENP1) was reported to inhibit cell proliferation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PTENP1 in the process of post‐spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery, so as to evaluate the therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from MSCs transfected with PTENP1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), as a type of novel biomarkers in the treatment of SCI. Electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of different exosomes. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays, flow cytometry, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay were conducted to investigate and validate the underlying molecular signaling pathway. PTENP1‐shRNA downregulated PTENP1 and PTEN while upregulating miR‐21 and miR‐19b. PTENP1‐shRNA also accelerated cell apoptosis and reduced cell viability. In addition, PTENP1 reduced the miR‐21 and miR‐19b expression by directly targeting miR‐21 and miR‐19b. Meanwhile, both miR‐21 and miR‐19b reduced the expression of PTEN by directly targeting the 3′‐untranslated region of PTEN. Furthermore, PTEN level and apoptosis index of neuron cells was the highest in the SCI group, while the treatment with exosomes+PTENP1‐shRNA reduced the PTEN expression to a level similar to that in the sham group. Finally, PTENP1 inhibited miR‐21 and miR‐19b expression but upregulated PTEN expression. The upregulation of miR‐21/miR‐19b also suppressed the apoptosis of neuron cells by downregulating the PTEN expression. PTENP1 is involved in the recovery of SCI by regulating the expression of miR‐19b and miR‐21, and exosomes from PTENP1‐shRNA‐transfected cells may be used as a novel biomarker in SCI treatment.
Pollen morphology of Aletris L. (Nartheciaceae) and its systematic significance
Authors: Song Yuanyuan , Zhao Chunhai , Zhao Yunyun , Liu Jiaxi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we studied pollen morphologies of seven species in genus Aletris in detail by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Of these, six species were reported for the first time. The palynological characteristics do not support the infrageneric classification into two clades. The results indicated that pollen grains of Aletris are small or medium with the P/E ratio of 0.36–0.59. They are elliptic or long‐elliptic in the polar view with blunt, round or acute ends and bilateral symmetric with a monosulcate, narrow or wide, deep colpus that has length extending to the ends of pollen grains, obvious or absent colpus membranes. The pollen ornamentation is gemmate, perforated, or reticulate. The sexine is slightly or quite thicker than the nexine.
Green approach for the synthesis of 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐4‐((2‐phenyl‐1H‐indol 3‐yl)methylene)‐1H‐pyrazole‐5(4H)‐ones and their DNA Cleavage, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities
Authors: Modi Madhuri , Jain Meenakshi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract3‐Methyl‐1‐phenyl‐4‐((2‐phenyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methylene)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐ones (5a‐i) was prepared by the condensation reaction of different 3‐formyl‐2‐phenylindole derivatives (2a‐i) and 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazoline‐5‐one in quantitative yield by applying various green synthetic methods as grinding, microwave irradiation using different catalysts under solvent‐free mild reaction conditions with high product yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, infrared, 1HNMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds were screened for free radical scavenging, antimicrobial, and DNA cleavage activities. Most of the tested compounds belonging to the 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐4‐((2‐phenyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methylene)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐ones series exhibited promising activities.
Ribavirin induces hepatitis C virus genome mutations in chronic hepatitis patients who failed to respond to prior daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy
Authors: Saito Yuhei , Imamura Michio , Uchida Takuro , Osawa Mitsutaka , Teraoka Yuji , Fujino Hatsue , Nakahara Takashi , Ono Atsushi , Murakami Eisuke , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Miki Daiki , Tsuge Masataka , Serikawa Masahiro , Aikata Hiroshi , Abe‐Chayama Hiromi , Hayes C. Nelson , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRibavirin (RBV) induces nucleotide (nt) substitutions in hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome nonstructural (NS) regions. Although emergence of drug resistance‐associated variants is associated with direct‐acting antiviral treatment failure, the effect of RBV on genome substitutions in such patients is unknown. Genotype 1b HCV subgenomic replicon cells were treated with RBV for 120 hours. Six patients with chronic genotype 1b with HCV‐infected patients who failed to respond to prior daclatasvir plus asunaprevir (DCV/ASV) therapy were treated with 12 weeks of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir plus RBV after 4 weeks of RBV monotherapy. RBV‐induced genome mutations in the HCV NS region (nt3493‐9301) in replicon cells and in patients during 4 weeks of RBV monotherapy were analyzed by deep sequencing. RBV‐associated G‐to‐A and C‐to‐U transitions increased in a dose‐dependent manner in HCV replicon cells after the RBV treatment. In patients with prior DCV/ASV treatment failures, the median serum HCV RNA level was 6.25 ± 0.31 log IU/mL at the start of RBV therapy and decreased significantly to 5.95 ± 0.4 log IU/mL (P = .03) after 4 weeks of RBV monotherapy. Although predominant HCV genome substitutions rates were similar between nontreatment and RBV‐treatment periods (0.042 and 0.031 per base pair, respectively; P  = .248), the frequencies of G‐to‐A and C‐to‐U transitions significantly increased after RBV monotherapy. These transitions were enriched, particularly within the HCV NS3 region in all patients. RBV treatment induces G‐to‐A and C‐to‐U transitions in the HCV genome even in chronic patients with hepatitis C with prior DCV/ASV treatment failures.
Impact of El Niño Modoki on Indian summer monsoon rainfall: Role of western north Pacific circulation in observations and CMIP5 models
Authors: Dandi Ramu A. , Chowdary Jasti S. , Pillai Prasanth A. , Sidhan N. S. Sradhara , K Koteswararao , S.S.V.S. Ramakrishna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall is often influenced by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the interannual time scale. Physical mechanisms that link the canonical El Niño and ISM rainfall have been well documented. Very few studies have discussed the pathways that link El Niño Modoki and ISM rainfall variations. In this study using long period (1901–2014) reanalysis and observed rainfall data, it is found that rainfall anomalies are negative over the southern peninsular India and positive over the central parts of India during El Niño Modoki years. Detailed analysis suggests that the El Niño Modoki modulates ISM rainfall by inducing changes in the western north Pacific (WNP) low‐level circulation. The weak positive rainfall over the monsoon trough region is due to weak moisture convergence associated with the westward extension of WNP cyclonic circulation corroborated by lows and depressions. Anomalous WNP cyclonic circulation is induced by the central Pacific Sea Surface Temperature (SST) warming associated with the El Niño Modoki. Further, strong moisture divergence over south peninsular India caused negative rainfall anomalies during the El Niño Modoki years. Thus, WNP circulation plays a critical role in determining the ISM rainfall patterns during the El Niño Modoki years as evidenced by significant correlation between WNP circulation pattern and EMI. These regional rainfall patterns over the Indian subcontinent corresponding to El Niño Modoki are not well explained in previous studies. It is found that many Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models displayed poor skill in representing the relation between ISM rainfall and El Niño Modoki events due to unrealistic simulation of SST and circulation patterns over the Indo‐Pacific region. This suggests that CMIP5 models tend to have a large diversity in representing the El Niño Modoki teleconnections to ISM rainfall.
Evaluation of multi‐RCM high‐resolution hindcast over the CORDEX East Asia Phase II region: Mean, annual cycle and interannual variations
Authors: Yu Ke , Hui Pinhong , Zhou Weidan , Tang Jianping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBased on the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment‐East Asia second phase (CORDEX‐EA‐II) with higher resolution, model results driven by ERA‐Interim reanalysis using WRF, RegCM4 and CCLM are evaluated against the observational datasets including CN05.1, CRU and GPCP during the period of 1989–2009. The results show that the RCMs have the capability to simulate the annual and seasonal mean surface air temperature and precipitation, however, some biases are produced. The biases are highly dependent on the geophysical locations and the RCMs applied, and CCLM agrees better with the observed precipitation over ocean. CCLM also outperforms the other two RCMs in simulating the interannual variations of temperature and precipitation in most sub‐regions, which can be attributed to its better presentation of the interannual variation of large scale circulation. Generally, all the three RCMs can well reproduce the seasonal cycles of the surface air temperature in most sub‐regions, however, only in the northern regions of China can the RCMs well reproduce the seasonal cycles of precipitation.
Role of Arabian Sea warming on the Indian summer monsoon rainfall in a regional climate model
Authors: Mishra Alok K. , Dwivedi Suneet , Das Sushant 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe role of the Arabian Sea (AS) warming on the Indian summer monsoon rainfall is investigated using regional climate model‐Regional Climate Model version 4.7 of International Centre for Theoretical Physics. The model realistically simulates the rainfall, temperature, low‐level winds and vertically integrated moisture flux over the Indian region during the years 2006–2015. It is found that the AS warming decreases the rainfall over most parts of the India, which is mainly due to decrease in the convective precipitation over these regions. The AS warming reduces the magnitude of westerly winds in the southern Bay of Bengal and AS; enhances the moisture convergence over the AS; and causes the prohibition of the moisture‐laden winds from the AS to reach to the Indian land regions resulting into decreased precipitation. The effect of anti‐cyclonic circulation produced over the central India as a result of the AS warming is to further reduce the monsoon rainfall. It is also shown that the AS warming increases the extreme rainfall over most parts of India.
Identification of tea based on CARS‐SWR variable optimization of visible/near‐infrared spectrum
Authors: Yun Liu , Qing‐wei Peng , Jian‐cheng Yu , Yan‐lin Tang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe identification of tea varieties is essential to obtain high‐quality tea that can command a high price. To identify tea varieties quickly and non‐destructively, and to fight against counterfeit and inferior products in the tea market, a new method of visible / near‐infrared spectrum processing based on competitive adaptive reweighting algorithms‐stepwise regression analysis (CARS‐SWR) variable optimization is proposed in this paper.RESULTSThe spectral data of five different tea varieties were obtained by visible / near‐infrared spectrometry. The spectral data were preprocessed by the multivariate scattering correction (MSC) algorithm. First, 20 wavelength variables were selected by CARS, and then six optimal wavelength variables were selected using the SWR method, based on the CARS optimal variables. The generalized regression neural network (GRNN) classification model and probabilistic neural network (PNN) classification model were established, based on spectral information from the full wavelength, the CARS preferred wavelength variable, the SWR preferred wavelength variable, and the CARS‐SWR preferred wavelength variable.CONCLUSIONIt was found that the CARS‐SWR‐PNN model had the best classification effect by comparing different modeling results. The classification accuracy of its training set and test set reached 100%. This shows that the CARS‐SWR preferred variable method combined with the visible / near‐infrared spectrum is feasible for the rapid and non‐destructive identification of tea varieties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of active edible coating based on thyme and garlic essential oils on lamb meat shelf life after long‐term frozen storage
Authors: Guerrero Ana , Ferrero Sofía , Barahona Marta , Boito Bruna , Lisbinski Eduardo , Maggi Filippo , Sañudo Carlos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe frozen preservation of lamb meat could be crucial for successful international trade. The shelf life of thawed meat is shorter than that of fresh meat, so techniques or procedures are required to improve post‐thawing meat quality attributes. This study investigated the effect of alginate‐based edible coatings after the incorporation of essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) on thawed lamb meat (longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle) quality after long‐term frozen storage. Meat samples came from ten light lambs and the evolution of attributes related to shelf life, such as water‐holding capacity, color stability, and lipid oxidation, was monitored during display (1, 4 and 7 days). Four meat treatments were evaluated: control (CON, uncoated meat), edible coat of alginate meat (ECA), and ECA with thyme or garlic essential oils (0.05%) (THY and GAR).RESULTSThe alginate‐based edible coatings decreased exudative losses (P < 0.001) and modified color characteristics, especially increasing yellowness (P < 0.001) and chrome (P < 0.001). GAR decreased redness (P < 0.001) and the oxy/met ratio [R (630/580) wavelength light reflectance] or discoloration [R (630–580)]. THY was the treatment that best retained color during display and also showed a significantly lower lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) than CON and ECA, whereas GAR presented intermediate values.CONCLUSIONThe addition of bioactive essential oils to alginate‐based edible coatings improved preservation and shelf life of lamb meat after thawing. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and corrosion resistance of titanium–zirconium–cerium based conversion coating on 6061 aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhan Wen , Qian Xuzheng , Gui Boyi , Liu Lian , Liu Xiaohui , Li Zhipeng , Hu Lixin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper aims to develop a chromium‐free chemical conversion coating with good corrosion resistance. A novel chemical conversion coating was prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy by dipping in the treatment solution containing titanium/zirconium based‐ions and sodium metaphosphate and cerium nitrate hexahydrate as additives. The morphology and composition of the conversion coatings were observed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The microarea structure of conversion coatings at different formation stages was analyzed by electron probe microanalyzer. The electrochemical polarization curve revealed that the corrosion potential of the conversion coating was −0.577 V and the corrosion current density was 0.1148 μA/cm2. The equivalent circuit fitted by AC impedance showed that the film resistance reaches 68,140 Ω. The formation of coating preferentially grows on the Al (Fe) Si intermetallic to form oxides of Ti and Zr; then TiO2 formed by a higher concentration of Ti4+ gradually covered ZrO2. Ce3+ could adsorb on the intermetallic compound, the hydrolysis of which causes the local pH of the solution to decrease and promotes the aluminum alloy dissolved.