bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional differences in type 2 diabetes treatment and outcomes in Germany—An analysis of the German DPV and DIVE registries
Authors: Hartmann Bettina , Bramlage Peter , Lanzinger Stefanie , Danne Thomas , Hummel Michael , Kaltheuner Matthias , Raddatz Dirk , Rathmann Wolfgang , Reuter Hans‐Martin , Seufert Jochen , Holl Reinhard W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsOn the basis of the Diabetes Versorgungs‐Evaluation (DIVE) and Diabetes‐Patienten‐Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) datasets, we aimed to explore the impact of differences in treatment modalities on outcomes in Germany and put these into a global context.MethodsThe 2014 to 2016 DIVE and DPV databases were combined, and a total of 127 838 patients 18 years and older was analysed with respect to demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes, separately for each German state. Estimates were expressed as adjusted least squares means together with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsSaarland dataset recorded the lowest mean HbA1c (6.7%; 6.6%‐6.8%; 50 mmol/mol, 49‐51 mmol/mol), Saxony‐Anhalt showed the highest (8.3%; 8.2%‐8.3%; 67 mmol/mol, 66‐67 mmol/mol). The highest percentage of hypoglycaemic events was reported in Mecklenburg‐West Pomerania (MWP) (4.7%; 3.9%‐5.7%), the lowest in Thuringia (0.9%; 0.2%‐3.4%). Metformin and sulfonylurea accounted for 36.4% to 53.3% of anti‐diabetic treatments across states; other antihyperglycaemic drugs such as DPP‐4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP‐1 analogues were used most often in MWP (40.0%; 37.8%‐42.1%) and least in Rhineland‐Palatinate (13.6%; 13.0%‐14.2%). Treatment with insulin (alone or in combination) was reported most often in MWP (78.2%; 76.4%‐80.0%) and least in Thuringia (26.0%; 20.1%‐32.9%).ConclusionsFederal states in Germany are heterogeneous concerning diabetes treatment and associated outcomes. These data should stimulate further discussion about how optimal diabetes care can be implemented in all areas of Germany, to achieve good treatment outcomes in all federal states.
Serum leptin and leptin resistance correlations with NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Cernea Simona , Roiban Andrada Larisa , Both Emőke , Huţanu Adina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsLeptin/leptin resistance has been suggested to play a role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and therefore we investigated the correlation of leptin/leptin‐receptor system with markers of hepatic steatosis (HS) and fibrosis (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methodsIn 159 T2D subjects with disease duration of 6.0 (0.0‐27.0) years, HS was evaluated by semi‐quantitative ultrasonographic scores and by clinical/biochemical variables: Fatty liver index and Hepatic steatosis index. HF was evaluated by NAFLD fibrosis score (NAFLD‐FS). Serum leptin and leptin receptor (sObR) concentrations were measured and leptin resistance estimated by Free Leptin Index (FLpI). Both simple and multiple correlations between the HS and HF with the three parameters of interest were examined.ResultsLeptin levels and FLpI correlated with diabetes duration (0.25 [95%CI: 0.09‐0.39] and 0.24 [95%CI: 0.08‐0.39]; P < 0.01 for both). 76.1% of T2D patients had HS and 29% had HF. The univariate analysis indicated positive correlations of HS indexes with serum leptin, FLpI, and negative correlations with serum sObR (P < 0.0001 for all). In the multiple regression analysis leptin, sObR, FLpI, waist‐to‐hip ratio, HbA1c, lipids, and HOMA‐IR correlated independently with HS (P < 0.0001 for all). Although the univariate analyses indicated weak correlations of NAFLD‐FS with leptin, sObR, and FLpI, in the multiple regression analyses, only age and waist independently predicted HF.ConclusionIn patients with T2D, HS correlated positively with serum leptin and leptin resistance, and negatively with sObR, along with variables of adiposity and metabolic control, but neither of them made a significant contribution to HF.
Identification of a novel growth hormone releasing peptide (a glycine analogue of GHRP‐2) in a seized injection vial
Authors: Popławska Magdalena , Błażewicz Agata 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGrowth hormone releasing peptides (GHRPs) are synthetic peptides with the ability to stimulate human growth hormone (hGH) secretion. Several GHRPs have been developed as drug candidates; however, only one of them, GHRP‐2 (Pralmorelin), has received a clinical approval. Nevertheless, they are distributed on the black market and misused by cheating athletes, due to their performance‐enhancing effects. Hence, GHRPs have been included in the World‐Anti‐Doping‐Agency's Prohibited List as forbidden substances in sport. Predominantly, analytical methods for detection and unequivocal identification of doping substances are based on mass spectrometry. Therefore, in the present work, a qualitative analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry with a quadrupole time‐of‐flight analyzer was performed to identify a new heptapeptide (MW = 874.02 Da) – a glycine analogue of GHRP‐2. Structure determination using de novo sequencing is described here in detail. The results of this study may indicate a new approach to circumvent a detection of doping practices.
Evidence of seasonal variation of ethyl glucuronide in hair: Modeling a seven‐year data series
Authors: Własiuk Patryk , Alladio Eugenio , Salomone Alberto , Vincenti Marco , Zadora Grzegorz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe assessment of chronic excessive alcohol consumption by ethyl glucuronide (EtG) determination in hair is generally based on a cut‐off value of 30 pg/mg recognized by regulatory authorities and scientific societies that guide the decision process. The ongoing debate about the risks connected with the straightforward application of this cut‐off refers to the factors that may influence the detected EtG concentration. The present contribution to this debate evaluates the seasonal variation of the averaged EtG values along a seven‐year period. Over 65 000 data points have been statistically analyzed to provide a mathematical model that interprets the data, gives insight into several influencing factors, and forecasts progressive data‐points of the time series. This model shows that there is an annual pattern in the data exhibiting lower EtG concentrations during warm seasons and higher values in cold seasons. The estimated EtG cycles are characterized by the seasonal variation of ±2.78 pg/mg above and below the overall mean (with 5.56 pg/mg absolute difference overall). This seasonal factor associated with EtG quantification might result in a potential source of bias, at least in the regional/climatic conditions observed in the samples' collection area. Moreover, the EtG time series reveals that the change in the sample pre‐treatment procedure has an effect on the modeled pattern as an abrupt increment (+38%) in the mean value of the EtG concentration. This change corresponds to the time when the former protocol of cutting hair into small segments before extraction was substituted by pulverization with a ball mill.
Just‐in‐time adaptive interventions: A novel approach for enhancing skill utilization and acquisition in cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders
Authors: Juarascio Adrienne S. , Parker Megan N. , Lagacey Madeline A. , Godfrey Kathryn M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe most widely researched treatment for bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge‐eating disorder (BED) is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a present‐focused, active, skill‐oriented treatment. However, despite the success of CBT, many patients fail to achieve sufficient rates of skill utilization (i.e., the frequency with which a patient practices or uses therapeutic skills) or adequate skill acquisition (i.e., the ability to successfully perform a skill learned in treatment) by the end of treatment and outcomes suffer as a result. One method for improving skill acquisition and utilization in patients with BN or BED could be the augmentation of in‐person treatment with just‐in‐time adaptive interventions (JITAIs), which use smartphone technology to deliver real‐time interventions during app‐identified moments of need. The current article discusses how novel JITAI systems that utilize machine learning or other predictive algorithms could be used to detect momentary risk for eating disordered behavior and provide tailored interventions to enhance outcomes. We will consider technologies that may help reduce patient burden and suggest avenues for future research on developing acceptable and effective JITAIs that can be used as an adjunct to CBT protocols.
Long‐term evaluation of a fully magnetically levitated circulatory support device for advanced heart failure—two‐year results from the HeartMate 3 CE Mark Study
Authors: Schmitto Jan D. , Pya Yuriy , Zimpfer Daniel , Krabatsch Thomas , Garbade Jens , Rao Vivek , Morshuis Michiel , Beyersdorf Friedhelm , Marasco Silvana , Sood Poornima , Damme Laura , Netuka Ivan 
Published: July 2018

AimThis study aimed to assess safety and outcomes of patients, 2 years after implantation with the HeartMate 3 Left Ventricular Assist System.Methods and resultsThis study included 50 adults with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IIIB or IV symptoms or American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association stage D heart failure with an ejection fraction ≤25% and a cardiac index ≤2.2 L/min/m2 without inotropes, or inotrope‐dependent with optimal medical management, or listed for heart transplant. The median duration of left ventricular assist device support was 694 days (range: 19–833 days). At baseline, cardiac index was 1.8 ±0.5 L/min/m2, 58% of patients were receiving inotropes, and 92% were INTERMACS profiles 2–4. At 2 years, Kaplan–Meier survival was 74 ±6%, 5 (10%) patients were transplanted, and 32 patients (64%) remain with support. Adverse event rates include bleeding requiring surgery (16%), gastrointestinal bleeding (20%), driveline infection (24%), ischaemic stroke (16%), haemorrhagic stroke (8%), right heart failure (14%), and outflow graft thrombosis (2%). Notably, no haemolysis, pump thrombosis, or pump malfunction events occurred. At 2 years, 47% of patients remained in NYHA class I and 41% in NYHA class II (P <0.0001). From baseline to 2 years, the mean six‐minute walk distance increased from 239 m to 347 m (P <0.0001), and the mean EQ‐5D quality of life score improved from 48.2 to 70.6 (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsTwo years post‐HeartMate 3 implantation, results show expected and acceptable survival, enhanced haemocompatibility, improved patient functional status and quality of life. This corroborates the success of HeartMate 3 since its first‐in‐man implantation case in Germany.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02170363.
IL‐1β activation in response to Staphylococcus aureus lung infection requires inflammasome‐dependent and independent mechanisms
Authors: Pires Sílvia , Parker Dane 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMaintaining balanced levels of IL‐1β is extremely important to avoid host tissue damage during infection. Our goal was to understand the mechanisms behind the reduced pathology and decreased bacterial burdens in Ifnlr1−/− mice during lung infection with Staphylococcus aureus. Intranasal infection of Ifnlr1−/− mice with S. aureus led to significantly improved bacterial clearance, survival and decrease of proinflammatory cytokines in the airway including IL‐1β. Ifnlr1−/− mice treated with recombinant IL‐1β displayed increased bacterial burdens in the airway and lung. IL‐1β levels in neutrophils from Ifnlr1−/− infected mice lungs were decreased when compared to neutrophils from WT mice. Mice lacking NLRP3 and caspase‐1 had reduced IL‐1β levels 4 h after infection, due to reductions or absence of active caspase‐1 respectively, but levels at 24 h were comparable to WT infected mice. Ifnlr1−/− infected mice had decreases in both active caspase‐1 and neutrophil elastase indicating an important role for the neutrophil serine protease in IL‐1β processing. By inhibiting neutrophil elastase, we were able to decrease IL‐1β levels by 39% in Nlrp3−/− infected mice when compared to WT mice. These results highlight the crucial role of both proteases in IL‐1β processing, via inflammasome‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms.
Prescription opioid analgesic use in France: Trends and impact on morbidity–mortality
Authors: Chenaf C. , Kaboré J.‐L. , Delorme J. , Pereira B. , Mulliez A. , Zenut M. , Delage N. , Ardid D. , Eschalier A. , Authier N. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile data from USA and Canada demonstrate an opioid overdose epidemic, very little nation‐wide European studies have been published on this topical subject.MethodsUsing a nationally representative sample of the French Claims database (>700,000 patients), the exhaustive nationwide hospital discharge database, and national mortality registry, all patients dispensed at least one prescription opioid (PO) in 2004–2017 were identified, to describe trends in PO analgesic use, shopping behaviour, opioid‐related hospitalizations and deaths. Annual prevalence of PO use and shopping behaviour (≥1 day of overlapping prescriptions from ≥2 prescribers, dispensed by ≥3 pharmacies) was estimated.ResultsIn 2004–2017, the annual prevalence of weak opioid use codeine, tramadol and opium rose by 150%, 123%, and 244%, respectively (p < 0.05). Strong opioid use increased from 0.54% to 1.1% (+104%, p < 0.05), significantly for oxycodone (+1950%). Strong opioid use in chronic noncancer pain rose by 88% (p < 0.05) and 1180% for oxycodone. Opioid shopping increased from 0.50% to 0.67% (+34%, p < 0.05), associated with higher mortality risk HR = 2.8 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–6.4]. Opioid‐related hospitalizations increased from 15 to 40 per 1,000,000 population (+167%, 2000–2017), and opioid‐related deaths from 1.3 to 3.2 per 1,000,000 population (+146%, 2000–2015).ConclusionsThis study provided a first European approach to a nationwide estimation with complete access to several national registries. In 2004–2017 in France, PO use excluding dextropropoxyphene more than doubled. The increase in oxycodone and fentanyl use, and nontrivial increasing trend in opioid‐related morbidity–mortality should prompt authorities to closely monitor PO consumption in order to prevent alarming increases in opioid‐related morbidity–mortality.SignificanceIn 2004–2017, prescription opioid use in France at least doubled and oxycodone use increased particularly, associated with a nontrivial increase in opioid‐related morbidity–mortality. Although giving no indication for an ‘opioid epidemic,’ these findings call for proper monitoring of opioid use.
Landscape ‘stress’ and reorganization from χ‐maps: Insights from experimental drainage networks in oblique collision setting
Authors: Guerit Laure , Goren Liran , Dominguez Stéphane , Malavieille Jacques , Castelltort Sebastien 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSeveral recent studies have suggested that maps of flow length normalized for drainage area called chi (χ) could reveal landscapes in a transient state, which are prone to reorganizations of basin geometry, flow line topology and water divide locations. However, the potentially long timescales associated with the evolution of basin geometry make the capability of χ to predict such reorganization challenging to test in natural settings. Here, we investigate the evolution of experimental drainage networks developed on a wedge coupled to a piedmont and growing in oblique convergence. We use this experimental setting to investigate the relationships between χ maps, the imposed tectonic deformation and the drainage network evolution. As deposition can occur within channels or in the piedmont, our experimental streams deviate from purely bedrock channels for which the χ metric has been initially developed. Yet we show that the large‐scale χ pattern of the experimental drainage network is consistent with the imposed deformation field, as ∼2/3 of the observed χ gradients across water divide are oriented in the expected direction with respect to the imposed deformation. This suggests that χ maps can be used to infer the horizontal component of regional deformation in large‐scale natural mountainous fluvial landscapes. In addition, we observe that when a divide affected by a χ gradient migrates, the orientation of the gradient correctly anticipates the sense of landscape reorganization for ∼2/3 of these divides. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of different thermal processing methods on the structure and allergenicity of peanut allergen Ara h 1
Authors: Tian Yang , Rao Huan , Zhang Ke , Tao Sha , Xue Wen‐Tong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBoiling and frying can alter the structure of peanut allergens and therefore change the IgE‐binding capacity of the Ara h 1. In this research, we aim to clarify the connections between structural changes and the allergenicity alteration, and recommend an effective thermal method to minimize the allergenicity of Ara h 1. Anion exchange chromatography was used to isolate Ara h 1 from non/heat‐treated peanuts. Ara h 1 in boiled peanuts has a relatively low hydrophobic index, reduced maximum emission wavelength in the fluorescence, less content of α‐helix, and the lowest IgE‐binding efficiency. On the contrary, Ara h 1 in fried peanuts present a much higher degeneration degree, a red shift in fluorescence, and a decrease in the content of α‐helix. These data indicate that boiling can reduce the allergenicity of Ara h 1, thus can be utilized in peanut processing from a security point of view.
CO2 Enrichment in Anode Loop and Correlation with CO Poisoning of Low Pt Anodes in PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Erbach S. , Epple S. , Heinen M. , Toth G. , Klages M. , Gaudreau D. , Ages M. , Putz A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn automotive fuel cell systems anode fuel re‐circulation is often used to achieve high hydrogen utilization rates which reduces the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell car, as well as it is an appropriate way to control hydrogen emissions. During operation hydrogen is consumed, while residual gases increase in the previously mentioned hydrogen loop. Besides nitrogen, we have found that CO2 accumulates in the anode loop and concentrations between 150–350 ppm were measured for varying current densities. We attribute this finding to CO2 crossover from the cathode to the anode and subsequent enrichment in the anode loop. To study the effect of this relatively small CO2‐concentration on the cell performance, tests were conducted with a proton exchange membrane (PEM) 45 cm2 single test cell with contaminated hydrogen/air feed. The data clearly indicate that electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO takes place which has a significant impact on the cell performance due to blocked catalyst sites by CO affecting the current density of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR). The measurements with hydrogen containing CO2 were matched with hydrogen plus CO measurements to quantify the impact and to determine a “CO‐equivalent concentration” for CO2. Consequences for the operation strategy of fuel cell systems are given.
The Triassic of Traill Ø and Geographical Society Ø, East Greenland: Implications for North Atlantic palaeogeography
Authors: Andrews Steven D. , Decou Audrey 
Published: July 2018

The continental Triassic succession north of 72° in East Greenland has seen little investigation but is key in understanding how facies belts vary towards the East Greenland Shelf, and more widely in the North Atlantic region, through this period. This study presents sedimentological analysis of exposures in northern Traill Ø (the Mols Bjerge) and further north in northern Geographical Society Ø (Laplace Bjerg). These sections are correlated with the more widely studied succession which lies to the south, in Jameson Land and broad scale palaeogeographical reconstructions of the North Atlantic are presented. A largely continental Triassic succession of 1445 m was recorded from the Mols Bjerge. However, a 125 m thick clean sand unit (the Vega Sund Member), which includes in its upper part the Gråklint Beds, is re‐interpreted as of shallow marine origin. Over 1200 m of Triassic strata were recognized on Laplace Bjerg. Within this succession 300 m of clean, cross‐bedded sandstones are recorded and are correlated with the Vega Sund Member recorded in the Mols Bjerge. The northward increase in thickness of marine strata developed at this time provides evidence for a more extensive marine influence in the north. This work has important implications for regional palaeogeographies and the character of the Triassic succession in adjacent basins, in particular, constraining the southern extent of the Boreal Ocean during the Mid to Late Triassic. Furthermore, the correlations made places bitumen staining, reported from Laplace Bjerg, within Triassic strata, suggesting the viability of a Triassic play at depth in adjacent offshore basins.
Nogo‐A inhibits vascular regeneration in ischemic retinopathy
Authors: Joly Sandrine , Dejda Agnieszka , Rodriguez Léa , Sapieha Przemyslaw , Pernet Vincent 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNogo‐A is a potent glial‐derived inhibitor of axon growth in the injured CNS and acts as a negative regulator of developmental angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial cell migration. However, its function in pathological angiogenesis has never been studied after ischemic injury in the CNS. Using the mouse model of oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) which yields defined zones of retinal ischemia, our goal was to investigate the role of Nogo‐A in vascular regeneration. We demonstrate a marked upregulation of the Nogo‐A receptor sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor 2 in blood vessels following OIR, while Nogo‐A is abundantly expressed in surrounding glial cells. Acute inhibition of Nogo‐A with function‐blocking antibody 11C7 significantly improved vascular regeneration and consequently prevented pathological pre‐retinal angiogenesis. Ultimately, inhibition of Nogo‐A led to restoration of retinal function as determined by electrophysiological response of retinal cells to light stimulation. Our data suggest that anti‐Nogo‐A antibody may protect neuronal cells from ischemic damage by accelerating blood vessel repair in the CNS. Targeting Nogo‐A by immunotherapy may improve CNS perfusion after vascular injuries.