bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological and Seasonal Controls of Phosphorus in Northern Great Plains Agricultural Streams
Authors: Casson Nora J. , Wilson Henry F. , Higgins Stephanie M. 
Published: May 2019

Controls on nutrient transport in cold, low‐relief agricultural regions vary dramatically among seasons. The spring snowmelt is often the dominant runoff and nutrient loading event of the year. However, climate change may increase the proportion of runoff occurring with rainfall, and there is an urgent need to understand seasonal controls on nutrient transport to understand how patterns may change in the future. In this study, we assess patterns and drivers of total P (TP) dynamics in eight streams draining agriculturally dominated watersheds, located in southern Manitoba, Canada. Data from three years of monitoring revealed highly coherent patterns of TP concentrations in streams, with pronounced peaks in the spring and midsummer across the region. This coherent pattern was in spite of considerable interannual variability in the magnitude and timing of discharge; in particular, a major storm event occurred in summer 2014, which resulted in more discharge than the preceding spring melt. Concentration–discharge model fits were generally poor or not significant, suggesting that runoff generation is not the primary driver of TP dynamics in the majority of streams. Seasonal patterns of conductivity and stream temperature suggest that mechanisms controlling TP vary by season; a spring TP concentration maximum may be related to surface runoff over frozen soils, whereas the summer TP maximum may be related to temperature‐driven biogeochemical processes, which are not well represented in current conceptual or predictive models. These findings suggest that controls on stream TP concentrations are dynamic through the year, and responses to increases in dormant and nondormant season temperatures may depend on seasonally variable processes.Core Ideas
Coherent seasonal patterns in stream P point to regional drivers.
Discharge is not the primary driver of total P dynamics in prairie streams.
Stream P concentrations peak with snowmelt and in midsummer.
Coherence with conductivity and temperature suggest drivers vary by season.
Comparison of Three Alleles at a Major Solid Stem QTL for Wheat Stem Sawfly Resistance and Agronomic Performance in Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Cook J. P. , Weaver D. K. , Varella A. C. , Sherman J. D. , Hofland M. L. , Heo H.‐Y. , Caron C. , Lamb P. F. , Blake N. K. , Talbert L. E. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTSolid stems provide resistance to the wheat stem sawfly (WSS, Cephus cinctus Nort.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A major quantitative trait locus, designated Qss.msub‐3BL, controls most of the variation for stem solidness. Two alleles that differ for temporal expression of stem solidness have been identified. An allele derived from the cultivar ‘Rescue’, designated Qss.msub‐3BL.b, results in solid stems throughout stem development. An allele derived from the cultivar ‘Conan’, designated Qss.msub‐3BL.c, causes high stem solidness early in plant development, but solidness declines as the plant matures. The objective of this study was to develop near‐isogenic lines (NILs) derived from marker‐assisted backcrossing to compare the impact of Qss.msub‐3BL alleles in different genetic backgrounds on stem solidness, WSS resistance, and agronomic traits. The Conan‐derived allele Qss.msub‐3BL.c resulted in lower WSS infestation than the Rescue‐derived allele Qss.msub‐3BL.b in two genetic backgrounds. Both alleles showed a high level of early stem solidness, though this declined as the stem matured for NIL with the Conan‐derived allele. The Conan‐derived allele Qss.msub‐3BL.c resulted in lower WSS infestation and stem cutting than the allele for hollow stems in two genetic backgrounds. Based on yield trials grown over 2 yr, there were no significant differences in grain yield between the NIL pairs. Our results indicate the Conan‐derived allele at Qss.msub‐3BL results in lower infestation of WSS and does not significantly affect agronomic performance, thus providing a novel source of resistance for the development of WSS‐resistant cultivars.
Modelling PAH Degradation in Contaminated Soils in Canada using a Modified Process‐Based Model (DNDC)
Authors: Amponsah Nana Y. , Wang Junye , Zhao Lian 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
A novel process‐based model for degradation of soil PAHs is proposed.
Model is based on dynamic interactions between water, soil, vegetation and climate.
Model effectively simulates biogeochemical processes of PAH degradation in soils.
Simulated results agree well with data from remediation sites in Alberta.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent pollutants of concern. A process‐based model of the PAH degradation can improve our understanding of ecological drivers and processes. In this paper, a process‐based biogeochemistry model, DeNitrification‐DeComposition (DNDC) is modified to simulate the dynamics of PAHs degradation in soils at abandoned oil and gas well sites. This new version of DNDC‐Organic Pollutants, called DNDC‐OP, coupled the rates of PAH degradation with dynamics of soil, vegetation and climate, such as soil moisture and temperature. The model was parameterized and validated against datasets of four soil PAHs: pyrene, fluorene, chrysene and anthracene, at three different abandoned oil and gas well site locations in Alberta, Canada. The sensitivity of the parameters was analyzed and tested. The simulated results were in good agreement with the measured data with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 70 to 97%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) of 4.5 to 9.1 at all three sites. We also evaluated the influence of environmental factors, such as soil temperature and moisture, on the degradation of PAHs. An increased degradation of all four PAHs occurred with increasing soil moisture content. An increase of soil temperature from 10 to 20°C and subsequently to 25°C resulted in a decreased appearance of all four PAHs from the three well sites. The result shows that this model can be used as a tool for evaluating PAH degradation for effective reclamation strategies.
Field Evidence of a Natural Capillary Barrier in a Gravel Alluvial Aquifer
Authors: Halihan Todd , Miller Ronald B. , Correll David , Heeren Derek M. , Fox Garey A. 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
A tracer test in a gravel aquifer detected a natural capillary barrier.
Electrical resistivity data combined with well data found two separate vadose zone flow paths.
Phosphorus transport is limited, as it needs to migrate through soil before gravel.
Ozark streams commonly feature “composite” floodplains, in which the vadose zone consists of silt or silt loam soils (∼1 m thick) overlying gravel subsoil. Previous work has shown that preferential flow paths can exist within the gravel subsoil, which can conduct water and P at rates exceeding the sorption capacity of the gravel. At a site on Barren Fork Creek, a 1‐ by 1‐m infiltration plot was constructed and an infiltration experiment was performed using sequentially introduced solutes including P (the constituent of regulatory interest), Rhodamine‐WT (Rh‐WT, a visual tracer), and Cl− (an electrical tracer). The solute transport was measured with monitoring wells (MWs) placed 1 m from the plot boundary and 5 m down the groundwater flow gradient using an electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) array. The ERI method utilized differences between a pre‐infiltration background image and subsequent temporal images taken during the test to quantify changes induced by the tracers. The infiltration test maintained a steady‐state flow rate of 4.5 L min−1 for 84.75 h. Electrical resistivity imaging data showed significant changes in resistivity induced by the tracers within the soil vadose zone under the plot but no similar changes within the gravel, indicating that the interface was acting as a capillary barrier. Electrical resistivity images 5 m away from the plot showed tracer breakthrough into the gravel in areas not sampled by the MWs. Solute detection was limited in MWs, indicating that MWs could not adequately monitor movement below the capillary barrier because it controlled migration of solute to the heterogeneous phreatic zone.
Evaluación de la lógica dominante del servicio para el caso de los seguros de automóviles en Colombia
Authors: Panche-Vidales Carolina , Rojas-Berrio Sandra Patricia , Robayo-Pinzón Óscar Javier 
Published: May 2019

El servicio es uno de los ejes fundamentales de toda organización, el cual está siendo evaluado continuamente por el cliente, generando en él vínculos relacionales de corto, mediano o largo tiempo. El sector asegurador no es ajeno a este escenario toda vez que los clientes viven momentos de servicio únicos e irrepetibles, en los que la empatía juega un papel importante para marcar la diferencia; por tanto, este trabajo tiene como propósito evaluar las premisas fundamentales de la lógica dominante del servicio con expertos de seguros de automóviles en Colombia, buscando identificar las premisas de mayor impacto e interpretar los concepto de co-creación y valor percibido para los expertos de seguros de automóviles en Colombia. El abordaje del problema se realiza desde el método Delphi, una técnica basada en preguntas acerca de la visión del futuro en donde los expertos en seguros brindan su opinión hasta lograr consenso y congruencia de lo que puede prospectarse para el sector asegurador. Los principales hallazgos muestran que el sector puede prestar un mejor servicio invirtiendo en desarrollos tecnológicos en donde los procesos sean agiles, claros respecto a las coberturas adquiridas y que acompañen permanente a sus asegurados.
Targeting Kinase Interaction Networks: A New Paradigm in PPI Based Design of Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Jenardhanan Pranitha , Panneerselvam Manivel , Mathur Premendu P. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Kinases are key modulators in regulating diverse range of cellular activities
and are an essential part of the protein-protein interactome. Understanding the interaction of kinases
with different substrates and other proteins is vital to decode the cell signaling machinery as well as
causative mechanism for disease onset and progression.

Objective:
The objective of this review is to present all studies on the structure and function of few
important kinases and highlight the protein-protein interaction (PPI) mechanism of kinases and the
kinase specific interactome databases and how such studies could be utilized to develop anticancer
drugs.

Methods:
The article is a review of the detailed description of the various domains in kinases that are
involved in protein-protein interactions and specific inhibitors developed targeting these PPI domains.

Results:
The review has surfaced in depth the interacting domains in key kinases and their features
and the roles of PPI in the human kinome and the various signaling cascades that are involved in certain
types of cancer.

Conclusion:
The insight availed into the mechanism of existing peptide inhibitors and peptidomimetics
against kinases will pave way for the design and generation of domain specific peptide inhibitors
with better productivity and efficiency and the various software and servers available can be of great
use for the identification and analysis of protein-protein interactions.
Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Faselis Charles , Katsimardou Alexandra , Imprialos Konstantinos , Deligkaris Pavlos , Kallistratos Manolis , Dimitriadis Kiriakos 
Published: May 2019

Background:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, non communicable, multisystem disease that has reached epidemic proportions. Chronic exposure to hyperglycaemia affects the microvasculature, eventually leading to diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy with high impact on the quality of life and overall life expectancy. Sexual dysfunction is an often-overlooked microvascular complication of T2DM, with a complex pathogenesis originating from endothelial dysfunction.Objective:The purpose of this review is to present current definitions, epidemiological data and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and sexual dysfunction. We also describe the clinical and laboratory evaluation that is mandatory for the diagnosis of these conditions.Method:A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify data from clinical studies for the prevalence, risk factors and diagnostic methods of microvascular complications of T2DM.Results:Diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy affect approximately 25% of patients with T2DM; diabetic neuropathy is encountered in almost 50% of the diabetic population, while the prevalence of erectile dysfunction ranges from 35-90% in diabetic men. The duration of T2DM along with glycemic, blood pressure and lipid control are common risk factors for the development of these complications. Criteria for the diagnosis of these conditions are well established, but exclusion of other causes is mandatory.Conclusion:Early detection of microvascular complications associated with T2DM is important, as early intervention leads to better outcomes. However, this requires awareness of their definition, prevalence and diagnostic modalities.
Knowledge and Awareness of Oral Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health Assessment among Diabetes Mellitus Patients- A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Parakh Mayank Kumar , Kasi Anand , Ayyappan Vignesh , Subramani Prabhu 
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives:
Diabetes mellitus has increased rapidly throughout the world.
The objectives of our study were to assess the knowledge and awareness about oral manifestations of
diabetes, among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, their risk for developing oral diseases due to complications
associated with diabetes mellitus, and at same time, to perform an oral examination to detect
these oral symptoms, if present any, along with the recording of Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index
(DMFT) and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) index.

Methodology:
Structured questionnaires consisting of 12 different statements on the knowledge base of
oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus were distributed to 447 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Following this oral examination, brushing and dental visit history were noted, and CPI index and
DMFT indices were recorded in all the patients.

Results:
Results showed that the knowledge about oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus was poor
with a mean value of 4.92 out of a possible score of 12. Among the study subjects, the average score of
men was 4.42 while that of females, was 5.41. These scores, when subjected to statistical analysis, were
highly significant. (P value- 0.005) Subjects also showed significantly high DMFT (P value <0.001)
and CPI scores (P value- 0.270).

Conclusion:
Our study concluded that there is a significant lack of knowledge about oral manifestations
of diabetes mellitus among patients and hence steps have to be taken to increase their awareness
through various outreach programs. All health professionals need to work together for promoting better
oral health so that oral complications of diabetes can be brought under control.
Atrial Fibrillation and Hypertension: "Quo Vadis"
Authors: Walker McCall , Patel Paras , Kwon Osung , Koene Ryan J , Duprez Daniel A. , Kwon Younghoon 
Published: May 2019

:
Hypertension is one of the most well-established risk factors for atrial fibrillation. Long-standing untreated hypertension leads to structural remodeling and electrophysiologic alterations causing an atrial myopathy that forms a vulnerable substrate for the development and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. Hypertension-induced hemodynamic, inflammatory, hormonal, and autonomic changes all appear to be important contributing factors. Furthermore, hypertension is also associated with several atrial fibrillation-related comorbidities. As such, hypertension may represent an important target for therapy in atrial fibrillation. Clinicians should be aware of pitfalls of the blood pressure measurement in atrial fibrillation. While the auscultatory method is preferred, the use of automated devices appears to be an acceptable method in the ambulatory setting. There are pathophysiologic bases and emerging clinical evidence suggesting the benefit of renin-angiotensin system inhibition in risk reduction of atrial fibrillation development particularly in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy or left ventricular dysfunction. A better understanding of hypertension’s pathophysiologic link to atrial fibrillation may lead to the development of novel therapies for the primary prevention of atrial fibrillation. Finally, future studies are needed to address optimal blood pressure goal to minimize the risk of atrial fibrillation-related complications.
Melatonin Modulates Regulation of NOX2 and NOX4 Following Irradiation in the Lung
Authors: Najafi Masoud , Shirazi Alireza , Motevaseli Elahe , Geraily Ghazale , Amini Peyman , Tooli Leila Farhadi , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Exposure to ionizing radiation may lead to chronic upregulation of inflammatory
mediators and pro-oxidant enzymes, which give rise to continuous production of reactive
oxygen species (ROS). NADPH oxidases are among the most important ROS producing enzymes.
Their upregulation is associated with DNA damage and genomic instability. In the present
study, we sought to determine the expressions of NADPH oxidases; NOX2 and NOX4, in rat’s lung
following whole body or pelvis irradiation. In addition, we evaluated the protective effect of melatonin
on the expressions of NOX2 and NOX4, as well as oxidative DNA injury.

Materials and Methods:
35 male rats were divided into 7 groups, G1: control; G2: melatonin (100 mg/kg) treatment;
G3: whole body irradiation (2 Gy); G4: melatonin plus whole body irradiation; G5: local
irradiation to pelvis area; G6: melatonin treatment plus 2 Gy gamma rays to pelvis area; G7: scatter
group. All the rats were sacrificed after 24 h. afterwards, the expressions of TGFβR1, Smad2, NF-
κB, NOX2 and NOX4 were detected using real-time PCR. Also, the level of 8-OHdG was detected
by ELISA, and NOX2 and NOX4 protein levels were detected by western blot.

Results:
Whole body irradiation led to the upregulation of all genes, while local pelvis irradiation
caused upregulation of TGFβR1, NF-κB, NOX2 and NOX4, as well as protein levels of NOX2 and
NOX4. Treatment with melatonin reduced the expressions of these genes and also alleviated oxidative
injury in both targeted and non-targeted lung tissues. Results also showed no significant reduction
for NOX2 and NOX4 in bystander tissues following melatonin treatment.

Conclusion:
It is possible that upregulation of NOX2 and NOX4 is involved in radiation-induced
targeted and non-targeted lung injury. Melatonin may reduce oxidative stress following upregulation
of these enzymes in directly irradiated lung tissues but not for bystander.
Are Slovak Universities Prepared to Create the Department of Geragogy and Train Future Geragogues?
Authors: Balogová Beáta , Gazdová Veronika Kmetóny 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
The authors of this paper base their research on the following assumption: the development of both geragogic education (older adult education) and profession is conditioned by the existence of a study program of geragogy provided by departments of geragogy created at universities (as public institutions of higher education). The fact remains that a qualified training of geragogues is absent in the Slovak conditions.

Purpose:
When compiling a graduate profile, inclusive of a list of competences that a geragogue should possess, a range of specific local circumstances needs to be taken into consideration. Subsequently, it is necessary to define a position of a geragogue. Geragogue is a professional working in the field of senior education, just like a pedagogue or an adult educator work in their fields. It is also important to identify and accentuate the philosophical and social context in which these professionals are confronted with the demands of today’s society, in a form of a society based on knowledge, questions of the ongoing social changes and defining the meaning of life.

Results:
The task of creating the department and program of geragogy is formulated as a social demand of the time, debunking the current myth of the crisis of universities. In history, a university was a vital place where the values serving social integration emerged. It was also a practice field for the educators to train so they could spread these values and transform them into social skills.

Conclusion:
In the conclusion, the authors propose key areas of undergraduate training of geragogues, including the definition of institutional anchoring, with the goal to contribute to ongoing professional discussion and to creation of the department and the program of geragogy.
Some Issues Concerning Values in Measuring Achievements in Education
Authors: Turós Mátyás 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
This study analyzes the mode of value transmission and those set of values that promote the measurement of educational outcomes.

Purpose:
The focus of this contribution is to discover helpful guidelines for a set of educational values.

Methods:
In the present study, we applied source analysis as a traditional research method in the philosophy of education.

Conclusion:
We would like to point out that education is the observation, consideration and formation of needs and, at the same time, pedagogy is at least as a regulating as a descriptive kind of an activity. The ideal educational system of methods and objectives are neither open nor closed, it only contains elements that provide possibilities for the individual to fulfill requirements in quantity and quality according to their aptitude. On the other hand, it assures forming behavior and socialization simultaneously.
Literal Occurrences of Multiword Expressions: Rare Birds That Cause a Stir
Authors: Savary Agata , Cordeiro Silvio Ricardo , Lichte Timm , Ramisch Carlos , Iñurrieta Uxoa , Giouli Voula 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Multiword expressions can have both idiomatic and literal occurrences. For instance pulling strings can be understood either as making use of one’s influence, or literally. Distinguishing these two cases has been addressed in linguistics and psycholinguistics studies, and is also considered one of the major challenges in MWE processing. We suggest that literal occurrences should be considered in both semantic and syntactic terms, which motivates their study in a treebank. We propose heuristics to automatically pre-identify candidate sentences that might contain literal occurrences of verbal VMWEs, and we apply them to existing treebanks in five typologically different languages: Basque, German, Greek, Polish and Portuguese. We also perform a linguistic study of the literal occurrences extracted by the different heuristics. The results suggest that literal occurrences constitute a rare phenomenon. We also identify some properties that may distinguish them from their idiomatic counterparts. This article is a largely extended version of Savary and Cordeiro (2018).