bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Intraparotid Neurofibroma: Rare Entity
Authors: Chavan Sushil Suresh , Nagpure Prakash S , Ganeshkar Ravi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Aim: This case report provide an awareness of intraparotid facial nerve neurofibroma as a cause of parotid masses and to describe their characteristics and management considerations. Material: It is a case report of a pediatric patients with intraparotid facial nerve neurofibromas which is a rare entity. Method: It was preoperatively diagnosed as intraparotid benign tumor likely to be pleopmorphic features on fine needle aspiration cytology.Tumors arising from the extratemporal course of the facial nerve are quite rare. The tumors arise from Schwann cells and include the schwannoma and the neurofibroma. Conclusion: The overwhelming benign nature of these lesions necessitates a conservative course of treatment. Histological diagnosis should be followed by a limited tumor excision with emphasis on retaining normal facial nerve function. Malignant lesions require wide excision with facial nerve grafting or facial nerve reanimation.
The Biology of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Childhood and Young Adolescents: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Chandra Dinesh , Singh Jasdeep , Deka Roopam , Chauhan Richa , Sazwal Sudha , Mishra Pravas , Seth Tulika , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Saxena Renu 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical, biological, and molecular characteristics at diagnosis in children and adolescents with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in the Indian scenario at our tertiary patient care center. Subjects and Methods: We evaluated 51 children and adolescents with CML registered at our clinic, from January 2007 to December 2015. The mean and median of various parameters were calculated using a Microsoft excel sheet and SPSS software version 16. Results: The median age of presentation in children was 16 years; 92.2% of them were older than 10 years, with a higher prevalence in boys than girls (gender ratio 2.6:1). The symptoms at presentation were fatigue, fever, awareness of mass due to splenomegaly, and bleeding manifestations. One patient presented with Bell's palsy. Markedly raised leukocyte counts were present in 29.4% patients (median white blood cell count >400 × 109/L). Most of the patients presented in the chronic phase of the disease, four each were in accelerated phase and blast crisis, respectively. Majority of patients were categorized as intermediate risk as per Sokal and Hansford score. About 60.7% of these pediatric patients fell in low-risk category as per European Treatment and Outcome Study score at baseline. A predominance of transcript P210-b3a2 (68%) was observed in the children who were studied for the type of chimeric BCR-ABL mRNA. Conclusions: This is one of the most recent reported series of CML in children and adolescents from India highlighting the difference in presentation from adults; mainly hepatomegaly, bleeding manifestations, and higher leukocyte count. Presence of b3a3 transcript of p210 breakpoint of BCR-ABL was more common in children (68%) than b2a2 transcript (32%) when compared to adults as recently described in a study from India, which may explain the differences at presentation.
Tumor Infiltrating Cytotoxic CD8 T‑Cells Predict Clinical Outcome of Neuroblastoma in Children
Authors: Rahbar Mahtab , Mehrazma Mitra , Karimian Mersedeh 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Context: Neuroblastoma is often infiltrated by inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages and T lymphocytes, but the significance of these cells remains unclear. One possible role of these inflammatory cells is that they represent a cell-mediated immune response against cancer. CD8+ lymphocytes are a known crucial component of cell-mediated immunity. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes in Neuroblastoma. Subjects and Methods:Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes were assessed by immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue from 36 neuroblastoma from April 2008 to May 2015. The number of CD8+ T-cells was counted in tumor nest (intratumoral) and in the fibrovascular stroma of tumor (peritumoral), and their relationship with clinicopathologic outcome was determined. Results: The total number of CD8+ cells was inversely correlated with tumor histology grade (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.001), capsular invasion (P < 0.002), calcification (P < 0.005), necrosis of tumor (P < 0.001), regional lymph nodes invasion (P < 0.003), distant metastasis (P < 0.003), stage (P < 0.003), and was positive correlated with N-myc oncogene presentation (P < 0.002) in neuroblastoma. However, there were no correlation between patient's age, sex, and size of tumor with infiltration of CD8+ cells (P < 0.097, P < 0.142, and P < 0.722, respectively). Conclusions: In this analysis, total CD8 T-cell count was a dependent prognostic factor in children. Total number and stromal CD8 lymphocytes were associated with better patient survival (P < 0.003 and P < 0.05, respectively) in children. These results suggest that tumor-infiltrating CD8 T lymphocytes have antitumor activity and influence the behavior of neuroblastoma and might be potentially be exploited in the treatment of neuroblastoma in children.
Infections during Induction Chemotherapy in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia – Profile and Outcomes: Experience from a Cancer Center in South India
Authors: Rajeswari Binitha , Sukumaran Nair Reghu K , Guruprasad C S , Nair Manjusha , Thankamony Priyakumari , Parukutty Kusumakumary 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Objective:The objective of this study is to describe the incidence, clinical, laboratory and microbiological profile, treatment, and outcome of infections during induction chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Materials and Methods: This was prospective, observational study. All children aged 1–14 years, newly diagnosed to have ALL and attending the Pediatric oncology division at our center were included. Induction chemotherapy was administered as per a modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster protocol. The study period was from January 2014 to June 2015. Results: Two hundred and twenty-seven patients with ALL were included in the study. One hundred and fifty episodes of infection occurred among 117 patients. Major sites of infection were lung (n = 35) and gastrointestinal tract (n = 30). Blood cultures were positive in 45 episodes (30.6%) with Gram negative organisms being the predominant isolates. The most common organisms isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. The response to antibiotics was good with only 18% of episodes requiring a third-line antibiotic. One hundred and thirty-six (90.6%) episodes resolved without sequelae. Overall induction mortality (12 out of 227-5.3%) was mainly accounted for by infections. Conclusions: Infections are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with ALL on induction chemotherapy. The outcomes are good for the majority of patients if they receive adequate antibiotics early in the course of infection.
Neutralized solar wind ahead of the Earth's magnetopause as contribution to non-thermal exospheric hydrogen
Authors: Fahr Hans J. , Nass Uwe , Dutta-Roy Robindro , Zoennchen Jochen H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In a most recent paper by Qin and Waldrop (2016), it had been found that the
scale height of hydrogen in the upper exosphere of the Earth, especially
during solar minimum conditions, appears to be surprisingly large. This
indicates that during minimum conditions when exobasic temperatures should be
small, large exospheric H-scale heights predominate. They thus seem to
indicate the presence of a non-thermal hydrogen component in the upper
exosphere. In the following parts of the paper we shall investigate what
fraction of such expected hot hydrogen atoms could have their origin from
protons of the shocked solar wind ahead of the magnetopause converted into
energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) via charge-exchange
processes with normal
atmospheric, i.e., exospheric hydrogen atoms that in the first step evaporate
from the exobase into the magnetosheath plasma region. We shall show that, dependent on the sunward location of the magnetopause,
the density of these types of non-thermal hydrogen atoms (H-ENAs) becomes
progressively comparable with the density of exobasic hydrogen with increasing
altitude. At
low exobasic heights, however, their contribution is negligible. At the end
of this paper, we finally study the question of whether the H-ENA population
could even be understood as a self-consistency phenomenon of the H-ENA
population, especially during solar activity minimum conditions, i.e., H-ENAs
leaving the exosphere being replaced by H-ENAs injected into the exosphere. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (plasmasphere; solar wind-magnetosphere interactions) – solar physics, astrophysics, and astronomy (energetic particles)
Schopenhauer and Buddhism: Soulless Continuity
Authors: Ketcham Christopher 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Arthur Schopenhauer did not believe in soul. However, he explained that every living thing is possessed by a will. Will is universal. Suffering is universal. Even so, he thought it ethically wrong to cause undue suffering to any person or animal. As a student of Buddhism, Schopenhauer was intrigued by the Buddhist belief in rebirth. I will explore how both Schopenhauer’s idea of the ever-present will and Buddhist rebirth are similar in their concern with and for continuity. For Schopenhauer, continuity is will and for Buddhism, as Frank Hoffman (1987) explains, “continuity is without identity of self-same substance” (p. 53). If all living things are attached by continuity whether by will or “without identity of self-same substance” then what is foundational to the beginning of an ethics of existence is the valuing of that which is attached by continuity, and this includes both human and animal life.
Karanlığın Mucizesi: Melatonin ve Ovaryum Etkileşimi
Authors: Yücel Gökçe Nur , Kaplanoğlu Gülnur Take , SEYMEN Cemile Merve 
Published: March 2018

Başarılı bir üreme döngüsü sağlıklı aydınlık/karanlık
döngüye sahip fizyolojik koşullarla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Sirkadyan ritim olarak
da ifade edilen, bu aydınlık karanlık döngü memeli üreme sistemleri için
önemlidir. Özellikle dişi üreme döngüsü ovulasyon ve sirkadyan ritmi içeren
kompleks bir süreçtir. Bu kompleks süreçte antioksidan aktivitesiyle melatonin
çok önemli bir yere sahip olmakla birlikte, melatonin sentezleyen organ listesi
yapılan çalışmalar ışığında gün geçtikçe artmakta ve bu organların arasında
ovaryum da yer almaktadır Dolayısı ile pineal bezin yanısıraovaryumda da
melatonin sentezlendiği ve sentezlenen melatoninin foliküler sıvıya salındığı
ileri sürülmektedir. Benzer şekilde in vitrofertilizasyon (IVF) çalışmalarında
medyuma melatoninin eklenmesi ile tedavide pozitif sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu
derlemede, karanlığın mucizesi olan melatoninin genel özelliklerini ve özellikle
son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar ile ortaya konulan ovulasyon-melatonin
ilişkisini farklı yönleri ile ele almayı amaçladık.
Travmatik Pisiform kemik çıkığı
Authors: MORADİ Ramin , CENGİZ Bertan , IŞIK Metin , FRİK Selçuk 
Published: March 2018

Travmatik üst ekstremite kemik patolojilerinden radius şaft
kırığına eşlik eden pisiform kemik çıkığı çok nadir bir vakadır. Biz 21 yaşında
20 haftalık gebe hastanın araç içi trafik kazası sonucu sağ radius şaft
kırığına eşlik eden pisiform çıkığını sunmayı amaçladık.Hastanın tedavisinde
radius kırığı için uygulanan açık redüksiyon ve internal fiksasyon tedavisine
eş zamanlı pisiform kemik çıkığı için kapalı redüksiyon uygulanmış ve hasta iyi
genel durumuyla taburcu edilmiştir. Ameliyat sonrası 12. Ay takibinde tam ve
ağrısız eklem hareket açıklığına ulaşıldığı görülmüştür.
Catalysis with Pnictogen, Chalcogen, and Halogen Bonds
Authors: Benz Sebastian , Poblador‐Bahamonde Amalia I. , Low‐Ders Nicolas , Matile Stefan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHalogen‐ and chalcogen‐based σ‐hole interactions have recently received increased interest in non‐covalent organocatalysis. However, the closely related pnictogen bonds have been neglected. In this study, we introduce conceptually simple, neutral, and monodentate pnictogen‐bonding catalysts. Solution and in silico binding studies, together with high catalytic activity in chloride abstraction reactions, yield compelling evidence for operational pnictogen bonds. The depth of the σ holes is easily varied with different substituents. Comparison with homologous halogen‐ and chalcogen‐bonding catalysts shows an increase in activity from main group VII to V and from row 3 to 5 in the periodic table. Pnictogen bonds from antimony thus emerged as by far the best among the elements covered, a finding that provides most intriguing perspectives for future applications in catalysis and beyond.
Carbon-Based Metal-Free Electrocatalysis for Energy Conversion, Energy Storage, and Environmental Protection
Authors: Hu Chuangang , Xiao Ying , Zou Yuqin , Dai Liming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCarbon-based metal-free catalysts possess desirable properties such as high earth abundance, low cost, high electrical conductivity, structural tunability, good selectivity, strong stability in acidic/alkaline conditions, and environmental friendliness. Because of these properties, these catalysts have recently received increasing attention in energy and environmental applications. Subsequently, various carbon-based electrocatalysts have been developed to replace noble metal catalysts for low-cost renewable generation and storage of clean energy and environmental protection through metal-free electrocatalysis. This article provides an up-to-date review of this rapidly developing field by critically assessing recent advances in the mechanistic understanding, structure design, and material/device fabrication of metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts for clean energy conversion/storage and environmental protection, along with discussions on current challenges and perspectives.Graphical Abstract
Neurogenesis in the postnatal cerebellum after injury
Authors: Andreotti Julia P. , Prazeres Pedro H.D.M. , Magno Luiz A.V. , Romano‐Silva Marco A. , Mintz Akiva , Birbrair Alexander 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe cerebellum plays major role in motor coordination and learning. It contains half of the neurons in the brain. Thus, deciphering the mechanisms by which cerebellar neurons are generated is essential to understand the cerebellar functions and the pathologies associated with it. In a recent study, Wojcinski et al. (2017) by using in vivo Cre/loxP technologies reveal that Nestin‐expressing progenitors repopulated the external granular cell layer after injury. Depletion of postnatal external granular cell layer is not sufficient to induce motor behavior defects in adults, as the cerebellum recovers these neurons. Strikingly, Nestin‐expressing progenitors differentiate into granule cell precursors and mature granule neurons after ablation of perinatal external granular layer, either by irradiation or by genetic ablation. This work identified a novel role of Nestin‐expressing progenitors in the cerebellar microenvironment during development, and revealed that extracellular signals can convert specified progenitors into multipotent stem cells. Here, we discuss the findings from this study, and evaluate recent advances in our understanding of the cerebellar neurogenesis.
A Worldwide Survey on Peyronie's Disease Surgical Practice Patterns Among Surgeons
Authors: Chung Eric , Wang Run , Ralph David , Levine Laurence , Brock Gerald 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Despite published guidelines on Peyronie's disease (PD), there are limited data on actual surgical practice among surgeons.

Aim
To evaluate the surgical practice patterns in PD among surgeons from different continents and members of various sexual medicine societies.

Methods
An anonymous survey on various pre-, intra-, and postoperative aspects of PD surgical care was distributed in printed format during International Society of Sexual Medicine meetings and as an online survey to International Society of Sexual Medicine members.

Outcomes
390 surgeons responded to the survey, with great variations in pre-, intra-, and postoperative strategies in PD surgical care.

Results
Most surgeons performed fewer than 10 penile plications and 10 graft surgeries per year. Modified Nesbit plication was the preferred option by most surgeons. Surgeons who received fellowship training were more likely to perform autologous than allograft surgery (odds ratio = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.13–2.82, P = .01). The use of penile color duplex ultrasound was inconsistently performed, with higher-volume surgeons (ie, &gt;20 cases operated a year) more likely to use this diagnostic modality (odds ratio = 70.18, 95% CI = 20.99–234.6, P &lt; .001). Most surgeons agreed that surgical intervention should be performed only after a 6-month history of stable penile curvature, although higher-volume surgeons were more inclined to perform surgery sooner (P = .08).

Clinical Implications
Although it is unknown whether variations in PD surgery significantly affect clinical outcome and patient satisfaction rate, this worldwide survey study has the potential to assist in the formation of a new practice guideline and serve as the basis for future prospective multinational studies.

Strength and Limitations
This is one of the largest surveys on PD practice and, to our knowledge, the only survey conducted across various sexual medicine societies, with the inclusion of many high-volume and experienced PD surgeons. This also is the 1st study to comprehensively evaluate many key aspects in surgical practice patterns for PD. However, the categorization on the questionnaire used in this survey was not designed to allow for direct comparison given the possibility of some surgeons with dual society memberships, reporting biases, large CIs in outcomes, different patient demographics, and cultural acceptance.

Conclusion
There is great variation in surgical practice patterns in PD management, including key differences among surgeons across different continents and sexual medicine societies.
Abnormally high mercury contents in hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts from Seth Guyot (Northwestern Pacific)
Authors: Mikhailik P.E. , Khanchuk A.I. , Mikhailik E.V. , Ivanov M.V. , Rashidov V.A. , Zarubina N.V. , Blokhin M.G. , Barinov N.N. , Pletnev S.P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Variations in mercury contents in marine sediments have implications for hydrothermal activity, paleoclimate, depositional environments, and primary bioproduction. Mercury contents reach 148 ppb in hydrogenic ferromanganese crusts on flat-topped seamounts. Such crusts, with up to 4120 ppb Hg, were dredged from the slopes of Seth Guyot in the western Marcus-Wake Seamounts in 1982, during the 13th cruise of RV Vulkanolog. The Seth Fe–Mn crusts are of the same origin as hydrogenic Co-rich ferromanganese deposits from seamounts in other oceanic regions. Mercury accumulated in the Cenozoic as Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides in the crusts adsorbed Hg from bottom water. The process was especially rapid during the Pliocene volcano-tectonic rejuvenated stage.
Comparison of the compositions of crystalline aluminosilicate rocks and their minerals in a planar triangular projection
Authors: Golitsyna Z.F. , Banushkina S.V. , Surkov N.V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The problem of comparison of the composition of crystalline rocks with the composition of the constituent minerals of these rocks is considered. It is proposed to present the composition of rocks and the compositions of the constituent minerals in the form of a triangle on the plane. The experience of presentation of compositions in phase diagrams was taken as a basis for the construction. Analysis of the crystallochemical characteristics of clinopyroxenes and garnets has shown that three parameters are enough for depicting the compositions of these and other minerals. For this purpose, similar composition components of rocks and their minerals are summarized in molecular proportions and are plotted on the triangle DO-1/2(R2O3)-XO2, where DO = (MgO + CaO + FeO + MnO + NiO + …) + 1/4(Na2O + Al2O3) + 1/4(K2O + Al2O3), 1/2(R2O3) = 1/2(Al2O3 + Fe2O3 + Cr2O3 + …) - (1/4(Na2O + Al2O3) + 1/4(K2O + Al2O3)), and XO2 = SiO2 + TiO2. The compositions of minerals are expressed as the sums of their components: Ol = Fo + Fa + Lar + Neph + …, Px = Di + En + Wol + Ged + Gip + Jd + Eg + …, Ga = Pyr + Gross + Alm + Spe + Ski + Knr + Mj + …, etc. A step-by-step calculation algorithm is proposed, which permits evaluation of the contents of bi- and trivalent iron during probe microanalyses of garnets and pyroxenes. Comparison of the compositions of deep-seated rocks and their minerals shows their good consistency. The proposed schematic projection permits a visual comparison of the compositions of rocks with low contents of carbonates and water, from ultrabasic (e.g., dunites) to acid (e.g., granites) ones.
Effects of in-situ stress and joint on permeability of the coal bed in Linfen block, southeastern Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Wang Linlin , Jiang Bo , Wang Jilin , Wang Jiyao , Qu Zhenghui 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Effects of in-situ stress and joint on permeability of the coal bed depend on orientation relationships between in-situ stress and joint. In-situ stress orientations of Linfen block of southeastern Ordos Basin were determined by systematical measurements of the loess joints. In-situ stress magnitudes were calculated based on well logging and hydraulic fracturing data. Joint orientations of the No. 5 coal bed and density distributions of the overlying sandstone bed were investigated. The results show that the NE-oriented maximum horizontal principal stress, approximately parallel to the predominant joint orientation of the coal bed, is favorable to the openness of the predominant joints. The minimum horizontal principal stress, with its orientation perpendicular to the predominant joint orientation, tends to induce the closure of the predominant joints. The stress state of No. 5 coal bed is σv &gt; σH &gt; σh, which is favorable for the openness of subvertical joints and an increase in the permeability. The permeability of No. 5 coal bed increases obviously with increasing effective vertical stress and effective horizontal maximum stress and decreases with increasing effective horizontal minimum stress. Besides, the permeability of No. 5 coal bed exhibits a good exponential relationship with the density of predominant joint set. Therefore, predominant joints with the orientation of 45° mainly contribute to increases in the permeability of the No. 5 coal bed in Linfen block. Multidimensional analysis show good exponential relationships among the permeability, predominant joint density, and effective stress of the No. 5 coal bed.
Causality and dispersion relations in electrical prospecting
Authors: Zorin N.I. , Alekseev D.A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The problem of causality in low-frequency electrical prospecting with artificial and natural sources is considered. We present numerical examples of the application of dispersion relations to transfer function spectra used in the induced polarization and controlled-source electromagnetic methods and to the components of telluric, horizontal magnetic, and other magnetotelluric tensors. Approaches to the processing and interpretation of spectra with violated dispersion relations are proposed.