bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI-Based Prediction of Androgen Receptor Expression and Its Prognostic Significance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Ding Feng , Guo Yitian , Wei Xiaoying , Jing Jibo , Guo Zhongying , You Zonghao , Liang Baotai , Xu Bin , Chen Ming , Jiang Dongfang , Niu Xiaobing , Wang Xiangxue , Xue Yifeng 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) negatively impacts patients’ post-surgery quality of life, while traditional predictive models show limited accuracy. This study developed an AI-based prognostic model using deep learning, incorporating androgen receptor (AR) regional features from whole slide images (WSIs). Data from 545 patients across two centers were used for training and validation. The model showed strong performance, with high accuracy in AR high-expression region identification and BCR prediction. This AI model may help identify high-risk patients, aiding in better treatment strategies, particularly in underdeveloped areas.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Carmofur Analogs as Antiproliferative Agents, Inhibitors to the Main Protease (M pro ) of SARS-CoV-2, and Membrane Rupture-Inducing Agents
Authors: Gu Tiffany , Lu Amber , Wang Xina , Brahan Natalie , Xu Lexi , Zhang Leyuan , Su Kaitlyn , Seow Kody , Vu Julia , Luk Charissa , Lee Yunseo , Raman Anirudh , Pazzi Joseph , Njoo Edward 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Initially developed as a derivatized analog of 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of colorectal cancer, carmofur has more recently demonstrated potent covalent inhibition of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. Harnessing our previously described workflow for the ​​optimized preparation of carmofur using benchtop 19F NMR spectroscopy, here, we prepared and evaluated a synthetic library of nine carmofur analogs with a selection of side chain motifs or single-atom substitution to explore the diversifiability of these compounds as Mpro inhibitors, where we discovered that a hexyl carbamate analog outperformed carmofur, and as antiproliferative agents in model human cell lines to identify differences in potency when the carbonyl electrophilicity and/or alkyl side chains are modified. Finally, we describe a novel workflow for the evaluation of membrane-rupturing small molecules through imaging of fluorescently labeled giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), and through this, we identified two lipophilic urethane analogs of carmofur bearing dodecyl urethane and octadecyl urethane side chains that have potent membrane-rupturing capability in the nanomolar range, providing insight into a potential mechanism for the in vitro activities of lipidated 5-fluorouracil analogs.
Prediction of antipsychotic drug efficacy for schizophrenia treatment based on neural features of the resting-state functional connectome
Authors: Yang Yongfeng , Liu Song , Wang Meng , Han Weiyi , Chen Anran , Liu Xuzhen , Liu Kang , Li Xue , Chen Yi , Zhang Luwen , Liu Qing , Guo Xiaoge , Wang Xiujuan , Kang Ning , Han Yong , Li Yuanbo , Su Xi , Lv Luxian , Liu Bing , Li Wenqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Neuroimaging studies have identified a large number of biomarkers associated with schizophrenia (SZ), but there is still a lack of biomarkers that can predict the efficacy of antipsychotic medication in SZ patients. The aim of this study was to identify neuroimaging biomarkers of antipsychotic drug response among features of the resting-state connectome. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance scans were acquired from a discovery cohort of 105 patients with SZ at baseline and after 8 weeks of antipsychotic medication treatment. Baseline clinical status and post-treatment outcome were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and clinical improvement was rated by the total score reduction. Based on acquired imaging data, a resting-state functional connectivity matrix was constructed for each patient, and a connectome-based predictive model was subsequently established and trained to predict individual PANSS total score reduction. Model performance was assessed by calculating Pearson correlation coefficients between predicted and true score reduction with leave-one-out cross-validation. Finally, the generalizability of the model was tested using an independent validation cohort of 52 SZ patients. The model incorporating resting-state connectome characteristics predicted individual treatment outcomes in both the discovery cohort (prediction vs. truth r = 0.59, mean squared error (MSE) = 0.021) and validation cohort (r = 0.41, MSE = 0.036). The model identified four positive features and eight negative features, which were respectively correlated positively and negatively with PANSS total score reduction. Among these positive features, the specific connections within the parietal lobe played a crucial role in the model's predictive performance. As for the negative features, they included the frontoparietal control network and the cerebello-thalamo-cortical connections. This study discovered and validated a set of functional features based on resting-state connectome, where higher connectivity of positive features and lower connectivity of negative features at baseline were associated with a higher reduction rate of PANSS total score in patients and a better therapeutic effect. These functional features can be used to predict the PANSS total score reduction rate of SZ patients through a model. Clinical doctors can potentially infer the effectiveness of antipsychotic medication treatment for patients based on the predicted results.
Implementation of multi-disciplinary morbidity, mortality and improvement conferences (MD-MM&amp;ICs) in oral and maxillofacial surgeon training
Authors: Huang Jianyao , Shen Wenyi , Jiang Jinpeng , ZHU Huiyong , Yu Dan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Improve the comprehensive ability of frontline clinicians to address the increasingly prominent healthcare safety issues, which is a priority for medical education in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This study introduces multi-disciplinary morbidity, mortality and improvement conferences (MD-MM&ICs) to oral and maxillofacial surgery departments and reports the subsequent changes in the incidence of adverse events.
Methods
From January 2020 to December 2022, using a reflective learning pathway, MD-MM&ICs were regularly conducted in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine in the form of PPTs of reported cases by young surgeons. The preventive measures, early identification and treatments for adverse events (AEs) were summarized by causally categorizing the key factors for AEs, and postoperative AEs were recorded and classified according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification (CDC), in order to evaluate the changes in the frequency of AEs and the severity of injuries in the ward after the implementation of MD-MM&ICs.
Results
A total of 262 AEs occurred, 68 MD-MM&ICs were conducted, and 123 AEs were reviewed in the meetings. Postoperative hemorrhage/hematoma and wound infection were common complications after oral and maxillofacial surgery, and 60% of surgery-related complications after flap surgery were serious complications (CDC ≥ grade III). Upon the implementation of MD-MM&ICs, the number of AEs decreased year by year, along with serious complications related to the operation (CDC ≥ grade III) from 35.3–31.4%. Among them, the incidence of complications after flap surgery showed a trend of decreasing each year.
Conclusion
By regularly conducting MD-MM&ICs, the ability of physicians at all levels, especially young physicians, to identify and respond to AEs can be improved. Furthermore, not only can the frequency of AEs be reduced but also the severity of patient injuries, thereby promoting patient medical safety.
Viral enteritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pathogens, clinical characteristics, and outcomes
Authors: Sun Hai-Lu , Zhao Xiang-Yu , Mo Xiao-Dong , Lv Meng , Sun Yu-Qian , Wei Fang-Fang , Xu Lan-Ping , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Huang Xiao-Jun , Zhao Xiao-Su , Pei Xu-Ying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Viral enteritis is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, data regarding the most frequent enteric pathogens, clinical characteristics, and patient outcomes remains limited. To better characterize post-HSCT viral enteritis, we retrospectively analyzed 59 patients who underwent allo-HSCT and were diagnosised with viral enteritis based on intestinal biopsy specimens. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were the most frequently identified pathogens, accounting for 37.3%, 37.3%, and 33.9% of cases, respectively. The median time for diagnosis was 56 days post-allo-HSCT. Diarrhea and abdominal pain were the predominant symptoms. Notably, 35 patients experienced diarrhea lasting 14 days or more, with a median duration of 16 days (range: 3–57 days). Endoscopic findings revealed concurrent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in 45 patients. The overall survival rates for patients with viral enteritis at 1 and 3 years were 58.6% and 55.3%, respectively. Importantly, patients with CMV enteritis had significantly poorer overall survival compared to those with other viral enteritis types (P = 0.035). In conclusion, viral enteritis is a significant complication following allo-HSCT, with CMV, HHV-6, and EBV being the most common pathogens. Early identification and management are crucial, especially for CMV enteritis which is associated with poorer outcomes.
Effect of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive functioning in bipolar depression
Authors: Rezaei Hakimeh , Woodham Rachel D. , Ghazi-Noori Ali-Reza , Ritter Philipp , Bramon Elvira , Bauer Michael , Young Allan H. , Fu Cynthia H.Y. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Bipolar depression is commonly accompanied by cognitive impairments. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is emerging as a novel non-invasive treatment for bipolar depression. Given the portability and safety of tDCS, we developed a home-based protocol with real-time supervision. Our aim was to assess the cognitive effects of tDCS in bipolar disorder. 44 participants (31 women, mean age 47.27 ± 12.89 years) experiencing a moderate to severe depressive episode received 21 sessions of home-based tDCS over 6 weeks. The stimulation protocol involved 2 mA in a bilateral frontal montage (F3 anode, F4 cathode) for 30 minutes per session. The cognitive assessments were conducted at baseline and after the course of treatment. Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) was used to assess verbal learning and memory and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) to assess psychomotor processing speed and visuospatial attention. 93.18% (n=41) completed RAVLT and 59.09% of participants (n=26) completed SDMT. A significant improvement was observed in the RAVLT short-term verbal memory score post-treatment (p = 0.002). Improvements were observed in RAVLT verbal learning, RAVLT post-interference recall, and SDMT, which were not statistically significant. In summary, cognitive performance showed an improvement in bipolar depression following treatment with home-based tDCS, suggesting it can be an effective intervention for cognitive deficits in bipolar depression and positively impact cognitive function.
Safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy with Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a single-arm, retrospective study
Authors: Liang Haifeng , Liang Wenting , Tian Jiawang , Zheng Shibei , Su Yangzhou , Huang Piao , Chen Renhui , Guan Zhong , Cai Qian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a very common type of head and neck cancer, and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate is only 50%. Inhibitors targeting the Programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway have gained widespread clinical adoption. However, the relationship between the infiltration characteristics of immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and the effect of immunotherapy on HNSCC remains to be explored.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with HNSCC who received Tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy were reviewed between February 2021 and March 30, 2024 in our single center. The laryngoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathologic response were evaluated to the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy with Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy treatment. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.
Result
Our analysis involved 42 patients who received Tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy. A total of 18 patients underwent surgical treatment following the completion of immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Among them, 6 patients achieved pCR (33%). The 1-year OS rate of the 42 patients enrolled in the study was 95.05%, and the 1-year PFS rate was 89.86%. There was a significant positive correlation between the lymphocyte density in HNSCC prior to the administration of neoadjuvant PD1-inhibitor therapy combined with chemotherapy and the immunotherapy efficacy. Compared with pretreatment, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was significantly decreased and the lymphocyte density was significantly increased in HNSCC patients after immunotherapy.
Conclusions
The integration of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy with chemotherapy has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective strategy, can improve the tumor response rate and survival rate, and is a valuable treatment for patients with HNSCC. Furthermore, the study suggests that an elevated NLR within the HNSCC tumor microenvironment could potentially serve as a biomarker indicative of diminished immunotherapy efficacy.
Low-grade mucinous neoplasm originating from intestinal duplication: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yin Huihui , Yu Jie , Chen Yunzhao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Low-grade mucinous neoplasms originate from the appendix. It is typically characterized by a low-grade mucus columnar epithelial cells lined smooth muscle, compared to normal intestinal mucosa, losing submucosa. However, unusual origin can occur, as noted in this case report.
Case demonstration
Herein, we reported a 33-year-old male with physical examination revealed abdominal mass. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a cystic mass between the pancreatic tail and the adjacent bowel duct, with an obvious enhancement of the cyst wall in enhanced scanning. Subsequently, the patient underwent surgical laparoscopic resection of masses and the resected sample was sent for pathological biopsy. According to the results, the pathology was consistent with the histological morphology and immunohistochemical characteristics of the low-grade mucinous tumors arising from intestinal duplication. 3.5 years post-resection, the patient returned to the hospital for re-examination that abdominal CT and blood tumor markers showed no signs of tumor recurrence. The case report is aimed to enhance the clinical recognition of the low-grade mucinous tumors arising from intestinal duplication and improve preoperative diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate.
Conclusion
The low-grade mucinous tumorsoriginate from the appendix mostly. This case resulted from an unusual derivation from intestinal duplication.
A next generation sequencing based universal target panel and algorithm for one stop detection of copy number alterations and single nucleotide variations in the HBB gene cluster for rapid diagnosis of β-Thalassemia
Authors: Pal Debashis , Chowdhury Prosanto Kumar , Nayek Kaustav , Biswas Nidhan K , Das Subrata , Basu Anupam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to develop and validate a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel along with a data analysis algorithm to detect single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) within the beta-globin gene cluster. The goal was to reduce turnaround time (TAT) compared to conventional genotyping methods and provide a rapid, comprehensive solution for prenatal diagnosis, carrier screening, and genotyping of β-thalassemia cases.
Methods and Results
We designed a targeted NGS panel covering an 80.4 kb region on chromosome 11, including the beta-globin gene cluster and the 5' locus control region (LCR). An advanced data analysis algorithm was developed, integrating variant calling and depth plot analysis, to enable the simultaneous detection of SNVs and CNVs in a single run. The panel and algorithm were validated using 14 in-house β-thalassemia unique carrier/patient samples and annotated variants reported in HbVar database. We identified seven pathogenic SNVs and five CNVs in the beta-globin gene cluster across various genetic conditions, including heterozygous, homozygous, and compound heterozygous states. Through HbVar database, additionally, we assessed 169 rare deletions and 11 fusion mutations reported in the HbVar database to verify the theoretical capability of our panel to detect all CNVs within the target region.
Conclusion
The developed NGS panel and algorithm effectively detect both SNVs and CNVs in a single run and can be applied for prenatal diagnosis and carrier screening of hemoglobinopathies, demonstrating its versatility and clinical utility.
Addition of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Advancing toward quadruplet induction regimens? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wei Xiaolei , Wang Yuqi , Zhang Li , He Dong , Chen Huan , Zhang Hanzhen , Yuan Youhai , Zhang Cuilian , Feng Ru , Wei Yong-qiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: The addition of CD38-targeted monoclonal antibodies, such as daratumumab and isatuximab, to standard treatment regimens has been shown to improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). However, the benefits in specific subgroups, particularly high-risk multiple myeloma (HRMM) defined by cytogenetic abnormalities, remain controversial.
Method: We conducted a systematic search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify studies comparing induction regimens with and without anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies in NDMM. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative status rate and PFS, stratified by cytogenetic risk.
Result: A total of 5193 patients (863 patients were HRMM) in 10 randomized clinical trials were included. Of these, 2,677 patients received induction regimens containing anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, while 2,516 were treated with the same backbone regimens without the antibody. The addition of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody significantly increased the MRD-negative status rate in both transplant-eligible (TE) NDMM patients (pooled odds ratio [OR], 2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72–3.10) and transplant-ineligible (TIE) NDMM patients (pooled OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 2.18–5.67). Furthermore, the MRD-negative status rates improved for both HRMM (pooled OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.39–2.91) and standard-risk multiple myeloma (SRMM) patients (pooled OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.87–4.58). Additionally, PFS was markedly enhanced in patients treated with anti-CD38 antibody compared to those receiving backbone regimens alone, for both TE NDMM patients (pooled hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38–0.69) and TIE NDMM patients (pooled HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.43–0.62). Subgroup analyses indicated similar PFS benefits for both HRMM (pooled HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42–0.90) and SRMM patients (pooled HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.28–0.52).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the addition of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody to induction regimens enhances the MRD-negative status rate and improves PFS in NDMM patients, regardless of cytogenetic risk.
Long-term survival in a patient with ruptured advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with nutritional therapy combined with apatinib and camrelizumab: A case report
Authors: Liang Yaohao , Ruan Tianyu , He Jiaqian , Huang Ketuan , Wei Min , Tan Shengqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Spontaneous rupture is a fatal complication of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with an extremely poor prognosis. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, and nutritional therapy have shown potential in the treatment of advanced HCC, their combined efficacy in complex cases with high tumor burden complicated by rupture and bleeding remains unclear.
Case Description:
A 54-year-old male patient was diagnosed with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C HCC with high tumor burden, accompanied by a history of chronic hepatitis B and moderate malnutrition. After initial treatment with apatinib (500 mg/day) and nutritional therapy, the patient experienced HCC rupture. Following emergency transarterial embolization for hemostasis, the treatment regimen was adjusted to camrelizumab (200 mg/2 weeks) combined with reduced-dose apatinib (250 mg/day), along with continued nutritional support. After 17 months of treatment, the patient underwent hepatectomy, with pathological examination showing complete remission in the left liver. Postoperative adjuvant therapy included transarterial chemoembolization, nutritional therapy, targeted therapy, and individualized immunotherapy. As of the 4-year follow-up, the patients has good quality of life and has not experienced recurrence.
Conclusion
This case showcases a multimodal treatment strategy for patients with advanced HCC with high tumor burden and rupture complications, integrating individualized immuno-targeted therapy, interventional treatment, and nutritional management and providing a possible approach for achieving a long-term survival. This comprehensive treatment method may offer new insights into improving the prognosis of patients with advanced HCC.
Short Naps Improve Subsequent Learning in a High School Setting
Authors: Vidal Vanessa , Pretel Matias Rodolfo , Capurro Lucila , Tassone Leonela Magalí , Moyano Malen Daiana , Malacari Romina Gisele , Brusco Luis Ignacio , Ballarini Fabricio Matías , Forcato Cecilia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The application of neuroscience findings in educational settings offers promising opportunities to enhance academic performance. Adolescents, particularly affected by delayed sleep patterns due to early school start times, often experience sleep deprivation, impacting memory processes crucial for learning. The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis (SHY) posits that non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, particularly slow wave activity (0.5-4 Hz), downscales synapses potentiated during wakefulness, thereby facilitating post-sleep encoding. In this study, we evaluate the impact of a short nap on memory encoding of a biology lesson in a classroom setting. High school students were randomly assigned to either a Nap group allowed a short nap or a Control group engaging in calm activities. Following the nap or calm activities, all students received a biology lesson, followed by an immediate test. We found that students in the Nap group showed better memory encoding performance than those in the Control group. However, contrary to our hypothesis, this improvement was not explained by NREM sleep. In fact, longer periods of NREM sleep were negatively correlated with performance, potentially attributed to sleep inertia effects. Thus, while short naps proved useful for boosting academic performance, careful attention should be paid to the time interval between sleep and learning to avoid sleep inertia, particularly when applied in natural settings.