bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Panandhro Lignite Deposits (Kachchh Basin), western India: Results from the Bulk Geochemical and Palynofloral Compositions
Authors: Mathews R. P. , Singh B. D. , Singh Hukam , Singh V. P. , Singh Alpana 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Characterization of the Panandhro lignite deposits from western Indian state of Gujarat, based on the geochemical and palynological evidences, has been performed to assess the floral composition, maturity and hydrocarbon potential of the sequence. Elementally, the lignites consist of moderate carbon, low hydrogen and moderate sulfur contents. The samples are characterized by high TOC contents (lignite: av. 46.43 wt.%, resin: 62.47 wt.%). The average HI values for the lignite is 136 mg HC/g TOC, and that of the associated resin is 671 mg HC/g TOC. The highest Tmax is recoded in lignite (422°C) and lowest in the resin (39°C) samples. The FTIR spectrum of lignite is characterized by highly intense OH stretching peak ∼3350 cm–1, aliphatic CHx stretching peaks between 3000-2800 cm–1, aromatic C=O stretching and an aromatic C=C stretching. The spectrum of resin shows strongest absorption due to aliphatic CHx stretching between 2940-2915 cm–1 and 2870-2850 cm–1, and deformation by the medium peak between 1450 and 1650 cm–1. The recovered palynofloral assemblage indicates the dominance of angiosperm pollen grains with maximum abundance of Arecaceae family, and subdominant pteridophytic spores. Marine influence is indicated by the presence of abundant dinoflagellate cysts. The occurrence of flora from a variety of ecological niches suggests a luxuriant diverse vegetation pattern existed in the vicinity of depositional site under humid tropical conditions. The overall characteristics of the lignite deposits point towards their ability to generate (upon maturation) hydrocarbons as they have types III–II admixed kerogen (organic matters).
Assessment of Liquefaction Potential of the Sediments of Chandigarh Area
Authors: Kandpal G. C. , Agarwal K. K. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Assessment of the liquefaction potential is one of the important aspects for earthquake hazard assessment. Liquefaction in the sediments during earthquake events may cause significant ground deformation, which in turn, may lead to significant structural damages to civil or engineering structures, further leading to loss of life and property. Liquefaction in sediments occurs in specific geological and geoenvironmental conditions under the influence of a certain level of earthquake shaking.
In this paper an assessment of the liquefaction potential of the sediments present in and around Chandigarh has been made. The sub-surface disposition and geotechnical properties of the sedimentary units mapped and depth wise probed by drilling 24 shallow boreholes prima facie indicates susceptibility of interlayed sequence to liquefaction. The conditioning factors and geoenvironmental conditions essential for occurrence of liquefaction have been integrated and analysed to determine potential areas for liquefaction around the Union Territory of Chandigarh with respect to different levels of ground acceleration values expected in the area due to earthquake events.
Influence of Overlying Roof Strata on Rib Design in Mechanised Depillaring
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Kumar Dheeraj , Verma Amit Kumar , Singh Arun Kumar , Ram Sahendra , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Depillaring of the existing pillars (square or rectangular in shape) by continuous miner provides irregular shaped ribs. An assessment of strength of such a rib becomes a difficult task. Literature review finds a number of approaches for the rib design but the scope of straight forward application of these approaches is limited due to the uniqueness of geo-mining conditions of the Indian coalfields. This review also finds that a wide spectrum of moderate roof conditions is yet to be properly addressed. Field studies at some depillaring operations in Indian coalfields indicated the influence of roof strata over the stability of a rib is considerably high. A systematic study of the roof strata influence on simulated models provided interesting results. A model for rib design is conceived on the basis of the simulation results. Discussing couple of field experiences of rib stability during mechanised depillaring under two different types of roof strata of Indian coalfields, this paper presents some results of the simulation along with the conceived model of a rib design.
Geotechnical Cartographic Synthesis of Bejaia City, North East of Algeria
Authors: Lillouch S. , Meziane Y. Ait , Bendadouche H. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Geotechnics has a significant contribution in the construction engineering and natural risks, by providing for many useful data to direct the regional planning and prevent catastrophes. The geotechnical cartography became imperative to satisfy the intensive requirement of data concerning the soil and the basement, which initiated the urban development, often anarchistic. Indeed the cartography in geotechnics is a very complex task, because information concerning the soil and the basement are diverse. Due to its coastal and touristic position, Bejaia is one of the promising cities of Algeria. The site, on which the city is erected, is as an amphitheater where the sea is the scene. Indeed, Bejaia is located on a site surrounded by mountains on the three sides, north-south -west and it faces the sea on the east, its extension requires the use of lands with broken topography, and lead to appearance of new urban zones. These were built without consulting the experts in the field of the civil engineering, particularly geotechnics. This article presents the geotechnical cartography of Bejaia city; which shows the preliminary results of the zone of study, based on existing geotechnical, geological and topographic data.
Geology and Petrology of the Intraplate Cenozoic Continental Basalts in the Transcaucasian Intermountain Area (Georgia)
Authors: Tutberidze Bezhan , Akhalkatsishvili Mariam 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
The Transcaucasian intermountain area is part of the Caucasus segment of the Alpine-Mediterranean mountain belt. The continental intraplate basalts of the study area range in age from 6.10 ± 0.20 to 6.40 ± 0.20 Ma. The basalt erupted from monogenetic volcanoes are formed by lava flows and their pyroclastic equivalents. They are generally characterized by low volumes, are predominantly subalkalic with minor alkaline composition. The ultramafic xenoliths have not been identified in the basalts. The basalts may be subdivided into porphyritic and oligophyric groups. Fractional crystallization plays an important role in the petrogenesis of basalts. Almost all the studied samples showed different degrees of fractionation of olivine ± plagioclase ± clinopyroxene. No significant contamination of basalts with upper continental crustal material was confirmed by Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba ratios or by Sr, Nd isotopic and geochemical composition (87Sr/86Sr = 0.703683-0.704531±2; 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512788-0.512848 ±10; 147Sm/144Nd = 0.1036-0.1144 ±2-3). The studied basalts display, compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREE), highly fractionated light rare earth elements (LREE) with La/Yb=9.25-24.00. This makes them similar to ocean island basalts (OIB), which is also evidenced by Ce/Pb, La/Nb, Zr/Nb, Zr/Y ratios. The Dy/Yb-La/Yb and Yb-La/Yb and 87Sr/86Sr-143Nd/144Nd ratios indicating a “mixed” evolution of basalt-forming magmas. The basalt feeding magma chambers of the Transcaucasian inter-mountain area seem to be formed from a mixture of partial melting of Normal-MORB (Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt) type upper mantle (garnet and spinel lherzolite) and EMII type components with strong ocean island basalts (OIB)-like signature.
Evaluation of the effects of glucose on osmolal gap using freezing point depression and vapor pressure methods
Authors: Lin Kuei‐Ying , Chen Po‐Chih , Chen Szu‐Chia , Huang Yeou‐Lih , Chen Hung‐Chun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe measurement of serum osmolality, and the calculation of osmolal gap (OG) from a calculated osmolality are widely used in clinical and emergency medicine. In this study, the possible effects of blood glucose on OG were investigated by freezing point depression and vapor pressure methods. The concentrations of sodium, glucose, blood urea nitrogen and osmolalities of 2640 samples were measured. There were two methods for calculating serum osmolality: freezing point depression method (n = 2399) and vapor pressure method (n = 241). The OG was positively associated with glucose in glucose 110–450 mg/dL (r = 0.191, p < 0.001) and glucose > 450 mg/dL (r = 0.372, p < 0.001), but not in glucose < 110 mg/dL (r = 0.017, p = 0.711) in freezing point depression method. However, OG had no correlation with glucose regardless of glucose level in vapor pressure method. In freezing point depression method, compared with the groups of glucose <110 and 110–450 mg/dL, the group with glucose >450 mg/dL had higher OG (p < 0.001) and higher prevalence of OG > 10 mOsm/Kg H2O (p < 0.001). Our study demonstrated that OG is impacted by increasing blood glucose concentration using freezing point depression method, special attention should be made to blood glucose concentrations when using freezing point depression method to determine OG.
On- and off-design performance of a model rotating turbine with non-axisymmetric endwall contouring and a comparison to cascade data
Authors: Snedden G. , Dunn D. , Ingram G. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTNon-axisymmetric endwalls in turbine stages have shown to be a robust method to improve the performance of turbines in both power generation and aero-derivative applications. Non-axisymmetric endwalls target the control of secondary flows and are designed using detailed computational fluid dynamics coupled with a variety of optimisation algorithms and utilising a number of objective functions according to the engine company or researcher's preference. These numerical predictions are often backed up by detailed measurements in linear and annular cascades and later proven in full-scale engine tests. Relatively little literature is available describing their performance in rotating test rigs or at conditions other than design, apart from that of the authors. This study comprehensively revisits the low-speed, model turbines used in the earlier study, replacing all of the 5-hole probe data with more accurate results and additional hot-film measurements. These results together with computational fluid dynamics solutions are used to show the success of the method across a large incidence range and to compare to earlier cascade results for a similar endwall and blade profile to establish the usefulness of cascade testing in this application. In addition, a comparison to two other off-design studies is made. Results indicate that the endwalls successfully improve the rotor total isentropic efficiency at all test conditions and that the improvement increases with increased turning in the blade row, from 0.5% to 1.8% across the incidence range. The results also compare well to the estimation of isentropic efficiency improvement that can be drawn from the cascade testing which stands at 1.55%.
Unsteady loads for coaxial rotors in forward flight computed using a vortex particle method
Authors: Tan J. , Sun Y. , Barakos G. N. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTRecent advances in coaxial rotor design have shown benefits of this configuration. Nevertheless, issues related to rotor-head drag, aerodynamic performance, wake interference, and vibration should also be considered. Simulating the unsteady aerodynamic loads for a coaxial rotor, including the aerodynamic interactions between rotors and rotor blades, is an essential part of analysing their vibration characteristics. In this article, an unsteady aerodynamic analysis based on a vortex particle method is presented. In this method, a reversed-flow model for the retreating side of the coaxial rotor is proposed based on an unsteady panel technique. To account for reversed flow, shedding a vortex from the leading edge is used rather than from the trailing edge. Moreover, vortex-blade aerodynamic interactions are accounted for. The model considers the unsteady pressure term induced on a blade by tip vortices of other blades, and thus accounts for the aerodynamic interaction between the rotors and its contribution to the unsteady airloads. Coupling the reversed-flow model and the vortex-blade aerodynamic interaction model with the viscous vortex-particle method is used to simulate the complex wake of the coaxial rotor. The unsteady aerodynamic loads on the X2 coaxial rotor are simulated in forward flight, and compared with the results of PRASADUM (Parallelized Rotorcraft Analysis for Simulation And Design, developed at the University of Maryland) and CFD/CSD computations with the OVERFLOW and the CREATE-AV Helios tools. The results of the present method agree with the results of the CFD/CSD method, and compare to it better than the PRASADUM solutions. Furthermore, the influence of the aerodynamic interaction between the coaxial rotors on the unsteady airloads, frequency, wake structure, induced flow, and force distributions are analysed. Additionally, the results are also compared against computations for a single-rotor case, simulated at similar conditions as the coaxial rotor. It is shown that the effect of tip vortex interaction plays a significant role in unsteady airloads of coaxial rotors at low speeds, while the rotor blade passing effect is obviously strengthened at high-speed.
Visco-instability of shear viscoelastic collisional dusty plasma systems
Authors: Mahdavi-Gharavi M. , Hajisharifi K. , Mehidan H. 
Published: March 2018

In this paper, the stability of Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscoelastic collisional shear-velocity dusty plasmas is studied, using the framework of a generalized hydrodynamic (GH) model. Motivated by Banerjeeet al.’s work (Banerjeeet al.,New J. Phys., vol. 12 (12), 2010, p. 123031), employing linear perturbation theory as well as the local approximation method in the inhomogeneous direction, the dispersion relations of the Fourier modes are obtained for Newtonian and non-Newtonian dusty plasma systems in the presence of a dust–neutral friction term. The analysis of the obtained dispersion relation in the non-Newtonian case shows that the inhomogeneous viscosity force depending on the velocity shear profile can be the genesis of a free energy source which leads the shear system to be unstable. Study of the dust–neutral friction effect on the instability of the considered systems using numerical analysis of the dispersion relation in the Newtonian case demonstrates that the maximum growth rate decreases considerably by increasing the collision frequency in the hydrodynamic regime, while this reduction can be neglected in the kinetic regime. Results show a more significant stabilization role of the dust–neutral friction term in the non-Newtonian cases, through decreasing the maximum growth rate at any fixed wavenumber and construction of the instable wavenumber region. The results of the present investigation will greatly contribute to study of the time evolution of viscoelastic laboratory environments with externally applied shear; where in these experiments the dust–neutral friction process can play a considerable role.
Democratism: Towards an explanatory approach to international politics
Authors: Agné Hans 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInternational politics has often been viewed as a brutal place where might trumps right and where, as a consequence, questions of democracy are irrelevant to ask. In the last decades, however, scholars and political leaders have increasingly suggested that elements of democracy exist in governance beyond individual states. If this is so, how does democracy beyond the state shape international politics? This article suggests conceptual preliminaries for theorising consequences of democracy beyond the state in general and their implications for problems of peace and conflict in particular. The purpose is twofold: first, to begin reconstructing existing normative democratic theory into an explanatory perspective sensitive to international politics; second, to indicate how this new perspective is able to explain empirical observations pertaining to conflict and cooperation among states; international institutions; foreign policies; human rights protection; and the violence of transnational terrorist networks.
Joy and war: Reading pleasure in wartime experiences
Authors: Welland Julia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn recent years there has been a ‘turn’ to thinking about war through the experiences of those touched by it. While this scholarship has generated numerous important insights, its focus has tended to remain on wars’ violences, those responsible for enacting them, and the effects of such violence. In this article, the experiences of pleasure and joy in war that simultaneously take place are placed centre stage. Drawing on three war novels, the article tracks three recurring themes of pleasurable and joyful experiences related to war: bodily pleasures, the ‘togetherness’ of war, and moments of joy that escape war’s reach. Through this focus, war is shown to work across a range of affective registers and as never totalising or universalising in its experience. The article argues that paying attention to joy and pleasure can work to displace war as a focus of analysis, directing attention instead to the experiences of those who live through war and how they survive, sustain, and resist it.
Distinct emotion regulation skills explain psychopathology and problems in social relationships following childhood emotional abuse and neglect
Authors: Berzenski Sara R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEfforts to differentiate between the developmental sequelae of childhood emotional abuse and childhood emotional neglect are critical to both research and practice efforts. As an oft-identified mechanism of the effects of child maltreatment on later adjustment, emotion dysregulation represents a key potential pathway. The present study explored a higher order factor model of specific emotion regulation skills, and the extent to which these skill sets would indicate distinct developmental pathways from unique emotional maltreatment experiences to multidomain adjustment. A sample of 500 ethnoracially diverse college students reported on their experiences. A two-factor model of emotion regulation skills based on subscales of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale was revealed. Significant indirect effects of childhood emotional abuse on psychopathology and problems in social relationships were found through response-focused difficulties in emotion regulation, whereas a significant indirect effect of childhood emotional neglect on problems in social relationships was found through antecedent-focused difficulties in emotion regulation. These results are consistent with theoretical models and empirical evidence suggesting differential effects of childhood emotional abuse and emotional neglect, and provide an important indication for developing targeted interventions focusing on specific higher order emotion dysregulation skill clusters.
Functional morpho-anatomy of water-gap complexes in physically dormant seed
Authors: Geneve Robert L. , Baskin Carol C. , Baskin Jerry M. , Gehan Jayasuriya K.M.G. , Gama-Arachchige Nalin S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPhysical dormancy (PY) occurs in at least 18 angiosperm plant families and is caused by water-impermeable palisade cells in seed (or fruit) coats. Breaking of PY involves disruption or dislodgement of water-gap structures causing the seeds/fruits to become water permeable (non-dormant). The water-gap region is a morphologically distinct area of the seed or fruit coat that forms a water-gap complex. The location, anatomy, morphology and origin of water-gaps can differ between and even within families and genera. Water-gap structures sense environmental conditions that allow seeds with PY to become permeable just prior to the commencement of conditions favourable for germination and plant establishment. There are three basic water-gap morpho-anatomies characterized by the way the water-gap opens: Type-I, Type-II and Type-III. In Type-I water-gaps, specific kinds of cells pull apart to form a surface opening, while in Type-II a portion of the surface structure is pulled away from adjacent cells, opening the water-gap. Type-III is the least common type and has a circular, plug-like structure that is dislodged, whereby water entry occurs. In addition, water-gap complexes are either simple or compound, depending on whether only a single primary water-gap structure is involved in dormancy release or an additional secondary water-gap structure opens, permitting water entry.
Cardiac deformation parameters and rotational mechanics by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking in pre-adolescent male soccer players
Authors: Małek Łukasz A. , Barczuk-Falęcka Marzena , Brzewski Michał 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to analyse whether prolonged and regular physical training in children leads to changes in myocardial systolic deformation and rotational mechanics. For that purpose, cardiac MRI feature tracking was performed retrospectively in 35 pre-adolescent male soccer players and 20 matched controls. There were no changes in global strain, but left ventricular twist and apical rotation were greater in soccer players, which adds to the features of paediatric athlete’s heart.
The role of image representations in vision to language tasks
Authors: MADHYASTHA PRANAVA , WANG JOSIAH , SPECIA LUCIA 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTasks that require modeling of both language and visual information, such as image captioning, have become very popular in recent years. Most state-of-the-art approaches make use of image representations obtained from a deep neural network, which are used to generate language information in a variety of ways with end-to-end neural-network-based models. However, it is not clear how different image representations contribute to language generation tasks. In this paper, we probe the representational contribution of the image features in an end-to-end neural modeling framework and study the properties of different types of image representations. We focus on two popular vision to language problems: The task of image captioning and the task of multimodal machine translation. Our analysis provides interesting insights into the representational properties and suggests that end-to-end approaches implicitly learn a visual-semantic subspace and exploit the subspace to generate captions.