bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenological synchrony between eastern spruce budworm and its host trees increases with warmer temperatures in the boreal forest
Authors: Pureswaran Deepa S. , Neau Mathieu , Marchand Maryse , De Grandpré Louis , Kneeshaw Dan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractClimate change is predicted to alter relationships between trophic levels by changing the phenology of interacting species. We tested whether synchrony between two critical phenological events, budburst of host species and larval emergence from diapause of eastern spruce budworm, increased at warmer temperatures in the boreal forest in northeastern Canada. Budburst was up to 4.6 ± 0.7 days earlier in balsam fir and up to 2.8 ± 0.8 days earlier in black spruce per degree increase in temperature, in naturally occurring microclimates. Larval emergence from diapause did not exhibit a similar response. Instead, larvae emerged once average ambient temperatures reached 10°C, regardless of differences in microclimate. Phenological synchrony increased with warmer microclimates, tightening the relationship between spruce budworm and its host species. Synchrony increased by up to 4.5 ± 0.7 days for balsam fir and up to 2.8 ± 0.8 days for black spruce per degree increase in temperature. Under a warmer climate, defoliation could potentially begin earlier in the season, in which case, damage on the primary host, balsam fir may increase. Black spruce, which escapes severe herbivory because of a 2‐week delay in budburst, would become more suitable as a resource for the spruce budworm. The northern boreal forest could become more vulnerable to outbreaks in the future.
Overcompensation for insect herbivory: a review and meta‐analysis of the evidence
Authors: Garcia Loriann C. , Eubanks Micky D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNot all herbivory is detrimental to plants. In some cases, plants can compensate for herbivory, maintain growth and fitness following damage, or even overcompensate for herbivory and perform better than if left undamaged. Examples of overcompensation to vertebrate herbivory are well known, but here we review the literature for examples of reproductive overcompensation (i.e., increased production of traits associated with fitness) and increased vegetative growth (i.e., vegetative overcompensation) following insect herbivory. We used a meta‐analysis to explore the effects of plant growth form, evolutionary history, herbivore feeding guild, and other plant and insect traits on the expression of reproductive and vegetative overcompensation by plants. Our literature search revealed 86 studies documenting examples of overcompensation for insect herbivory by 67 plant species representing 26 families. These plants included monocots and dicots, annuals and perennials, and woody and herbaceous plants. We also found that varied insect herbivores induce overcompensation, including 75 insect species in six orders representing 27 families and myriad feeding guilds. In our meta‐analysis, we calculated 53 effect sizes from 21 publications documenting reproductive overcompensation and 89 effect sizes from 40 publications documenting vegetative overcompensation. Variation in reproductive overcompensation was seen among plant growth forms, functional groups, cultivation, herbivore feeding sites, and plant and herbivore families. Variation in vegetative overcompensation was seen among plant families, herbivore families, and latitudinal gradients. We suggest overcompensation for insect herbivory may be far more prevalent than previously thought. Additional research focusing on the mechanisms, patterns, and ecological and evolutionary consequences of overcompensation for insect herbivory is likely to provide exciting new insights into this poorly understood and largely overlooked outcome of plant–insect interactions.
IL‐4 promotes stromal cell expansion and is critical for development of a type‐2, but not a type 1 immune response
Authors: Cortes‐Selva Diana , Ready Andrew , Gibbs Lisa , Rajwa Bartek , Fairfax Keke C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIL‐4 is critical for differentiation of Th2 cells and antibody isotype switching, but our work demonstrated that it is produced in the peripheral LN under both Type 2, and Type 1 conditions, raising the possibility of other functions. We found that IL‐4 is vital for proper positioning of hematopoietic and stromal cells in steady state, and the lack of IL‐4 or IL‐4Rα correlates with disarrangement of both follicular dendritic cells and CD31+ endothelial cells. We observed a marked disorganization of B cells in these mice, suggesting that the lymphocyte‐stromal cell axis is maintained by the IL‐4 signaling pathway. This study showed that absence of IL‐4 correlates with significant downregulation of Lymphotoxin alpha (LTα) and Lymphotoxin beta (LTβ), critical lymphokines for the development and maintenance of lymphoid organs. Moreover, immunization of IL‐4 deficient mice with Type 2 antigens failed to induce lymphotoxin production, LN reorganization, or germinal center formation, while this process is IL‐4 independent following Type 1 immunization. Additionally, we found that Type 1 antigen mediated LN reorganization is dependent on IFN‐γ in the absence of IL‐4. Our findings reveal a role of IL‐4 in the maintenance of peripheral lymphoid organ microenvironments during homeostasis and antigenic challenge.
Heart‐cut nano‐LC–CZE–MS for the characterization of proteins on the intact level
Authors: Jooß Kevin , Scholz Nico , Meixner Jens , Neusüß Christian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMultidimensional separation techniques play an increasingly important role in separation science, especially for the analysis of complex samples such as proteins. The combination of reversed‐phase liquid chromatography in the nanoscale and CZE is especially beneficial due to their nearly orthogonal separation mechanism and well‐suited geometries/dimensions. Here, a heart‐cut nano‐LC–CZE–MS setup was developed utilizing for the first time a mechanical 4‐port valve as LC–CE interface. A model protein mixture containing four different protein species was first separated by nano LC followed by a heart‐cut transfer of individual LC peaks and subsequent CZE–MS analysis. In the CZE dimension, various glycoforms of one protein species were separated. Improved separation capabilities were achieved compared to the 1D methods, which was exemplarily shown for ribonuclease B and its different glycosylated forms. LODs in the lower μg/mL range were determined, which are considerably lower compared to traditional CZE–MS. In addition, this study represents the first application of an LC–CE–MS system for intact protein analysis. The nano‐LC–CZE–MS system is expected to be applicable to various other analytical challenges.
Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of bulbs, leaves, and flowers made from Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb
Authors: Shi Peiqi , Du Wenjun , Wang Yuanyuan , Teng Xingxing , Chen Xiaodong , Ye Lianbao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the current investigation, total phenols and flavonoids contents of Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. bulbs, leaves, and flowers were quantified by Folin–Ciocalteu's and borohydride/chloroquinone methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was evaluated by means of peroxide scavenging capacity assay and by cell antioxidation method. Antioxidant activity of E. bulbosa bulbs, leaves, and flowers was correlated with total phenols and flavonoids. The total phenols and flavonoids of the bulbs of E. bulbosa were higher than leaves and flower and its antioxidant activity was also stronger than leaves and flowers of E. bulbosa. The higher content of flavonoids or total phenols, the stronger the antioxidant capacity in vitro. The antioxidant activity of E. bulbosa extract showed it's certain nutritional value and therefore had the potential as a source of natural antioxidants.
Late Holocene sea level change along the coast of Fethiye Gulf in southwestern Turkey
Authors: Kızıldağ Nilhan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the Fethiye Gulf on the southwest coast of Turkey, several submerged archaeological sites provide useful data about relative sea level changes since the Byzantine period. The current elevations of contemporary archaeological structures were measured to determine the amount of relative sea level change. The archaeological sea level markers in this seismically active region provide new data about the amount and period of relative sea level rise. Taking into consideration the time of the last use of the structures, instead of their time of construction, three different rates of vertical land movement of 2.18 ± 0.3, 2.96 ± 0.3, and 3.29 ± 0.5 mm/yr were estimated. These data indicate that tectonic activity differs from region to region, most likely related to local normal faults in the gulf. Recent earthquakes have confirmed active seismicity in this area. These results demonstrate that the changing sea levels in the Fethiye Gulf have been strongly influenced by vertical tectonic movement over the last 1,400 years. Results also contribute to studies of future coastal changes in the Fethiye Gulf and its surroundings.
Geochemical heterogeneity along the Vema Fracture Zone, Indian Ocean: Mixing of melts from the Reunion plume and the Central Indian Ridge
Authors: Dhawaskar Poornima , Ganguly Sohini , Mukhopadhyay Ranadhir , Manikyamba C. , Iyer Sridhar D. , Karisiddaiah Siddaiah Metikurke , Mahender Kotha 
Published: December 2018

We present here a scenario of magmatic and tectonic processes associated with the interaction between the Reunion mantle plume and the mantle beneath Central Indian Ridge (CIR) at the Vema Trench (VT) along the Vema Fracture Zone (VMFZ) in the Indian Ocean. The VMFZ offsets the CIR by about 300 km between 8°S and 10°S latitudes and holds probably the deepest point in the Indian Ocean, the Vema Trench, reaching to a depth in excess of 6,500 m. The trench has a width of about 5 km and extends for about 12 km in a NE–SW direction. Petrography and major and trace element concentrations collectively suggest that the rocks recovered from the VT are largely basaltic (pillow, columnar, dikes), composed of plagioclase and clinopyroxene, much evolved, and tholeiitic to calc‐alkaline in composition. The REE signatures ([Sm/Yb vs. Sm] and [Ce/Sm]N vs. [Yb/Sm]N) hint its source to a spinel lherzolite mantle with additional input from enriched mantle (EM‐1). This EM‐1 signature generally indicates presence of recycled ancient subducted oceanic crust in the mantle domain wherefrom the plume originates. The detailed petrological and geochemical studies of these rocks suggest dynamic processes involved in transfer of deep mantle‐sourced material to mid‐ocean ridges leading to geochemical heterogeneity. Trace element ratios (Hf/3–Th–Ta and Thn vs. Nbn) also suggest that the VMFZ basalt preserves the signature of mixing of ridge melt and plume melt.
Efficacy of calcium excretion and calcium/creatinine clearance ratio in the differential diagnosis of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Bhangu Jagdeep Singh , Selberherr Andreas , Brammen Lindsay , Scheuba Christian , Riss Philipp 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundTwenty‐four‐hour renal calcium‐excretion (CE) and calcium/creatinine‐clearance‐ratio (CCCR), respectively, are widely used to rule out familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) in patients with suspected primary hyperparathyroidism before surgery. The aim was to evaluate the practicability of CE compared to CCCR.Patients and MethodsWe analyzed biochemical parameters, surgical treatment, gene mutation results, and long‐term follow‐up data of 198 patients (including 14 patients with FHH) and the discriminative power of CE and CCCR.ResultsTwenty four patients (12.1%) had a low CE and 35 patients (20.2%) had a CCCR indicating FHH. However, eight patients with FHH (57.1%) had a normal or increased CE. Correspondingly, only eight cases of FHH (57.1%) were correctly predicted by CCCR. Sensitivity/specificity were 42.9%/89.9% for CE and 64.3%/79.9% for CCCR, showing no statistical differences (P = 0.482) between both methods.ConclusionNeither CE nor CCCR was able to distinguish between PHPT and FHH but may help to narrow down potential FHH patients.
Early childhood predictors of boys’ antisocial and violent behavior in early adulthood
Authors: Sitnick Stephanie L. , Galán Chardée A. , Shaw Daniel S. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTResearch on early childhood predictors of violent behaviors in early adulthood is limited. The current study investigated whether individual, family, and community risk factors from 18 to 42 months of age were predictive of violent criminal arrests during late adolescence and early adulthood using a sample of 310 low‐income male participants living in an urban community. In addition, differences in trajectories of overt conduct problems (CP), hyperactivity/attention problems (HAP), and co‐occurring patterns of CP and HAP from age 1½ to 10 years were investigated in regard to their relationship to violent and nonviolent behaviors, depression, and anxiety at age 20. Results of multivariate analyses indicated that early childhood family income, home environment, emotion regulation, oppositional behavior, and minority status were all significant in distinguishing violent offending boys from those with no criminal records. In addition, trajectories of early childhood CP, but not attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, were significantly related to self‐reports of violent behavior, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Implications for the prevention of early childhood risk factors associated with adolescent and adult violent behavior for males are discussed.
Ginsenoside Rd Inhibits the Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer via Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Axis
Authors: Phi Lan Thi Hanh , Sari Ita Novita , Wijaya Yoseph Toni , Kim Kwang Seock , Park Kichul , Cho Art E. , Kwon Hyog Young 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTGinsenoside Rd is a saponin from ginseng and has been reported to have various biological activities. However, the effect of ginsenoside Rd on the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. Here, we found that ginsenoside Rd decreased the colony‐forming ability, migration, invasion, and wound‐healing abilities of CRC cells, although it did not affect cell proliferation. In addition, using an inverse‐docking assay, we found that ginsenoside Rd bound to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with a high binding affinity, inducing the downregulation of stemness‐ and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐related genes; these were partially rescued by either exogenous EGF treatment or ectopic expression of SOX2. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rd significantly decreased the number and size of tumor metastasis nodules in the livers, lungs, and kidneys of mouse model of metastasis. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(5):601–610, 2019
Regulation of NRF2, AP‐1 and NF‐κB by cigarette smoke exposure in three‐dimensional human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Sekine Takashi , Hirata Tadashi , Ishikawa Shinkichi , Ito Shigeaki , Ishimori Kanae , Matsumura Kazushi , Muraki Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCigarette smoke (CS) is a complex mixture of chemicals and interacts with various physiological processes. We previously reported that nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) was the most sensitive transcription factor to aqueous CS extract (AqCSE) exposure in monolayer cultured human bronchial epithelial cell lines. Recently, in vitro three‐dimensional (3D) culture models have been used to supplement pharmacological and toxicological assessments. Bronchial epithelium models in particular are useful for the evaluation of substances that directly contact the respiratory tract, such as CS. In the present study, we used 3D‐cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) to assess activation of transcription factors and relevant gene expression in response to AqCSE, primarily focusing on NRF2 and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathways. The 3D‐cultured HBECs exposed to AqCSE showed expression of NRF2 and its nuclear translocation in addition to upregulation of genes related to oxidative stress. Our results suggest that the NRF2 pathway was the dominant pathway when 3D‐cultured HBECs were exposed to AqCSE at a low dose, supporting our previous findings that NRF2 was the most sensitive transcription factor in response to AqCSE. Expression and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB were not increased, although proinflammatory genes were upregulated. However, another inflammation‐related transcription factor, activation protein 1, was induced by AqCSE. Gene classification analysis suggested that induction of the inflammatory response by AqCSE was dependent on NRF2 and activation protein 1 rather than NF‐κB.
Reconstruction of mandibular bone defects using biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitutes with simultaneous implant placement in mini‐swine: A pilotin vivostudy
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Wang Peng , Li Xiang , Wang Yu , Qin Zhifan , Zhang Chenping , Li Jihua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate implant osseointegration using a new strategy of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone substitutes with simultaneous implant placement in mandibular reconstruction. Additionally, the temporal transcriptional profile associated with the early biological processes during osseointegration was determined. BCP and hydroxyapatite (HA) bone substitutes with simultaneous implant placement were grafted into mandibular defects created in mini‐swine. Radiographic, histological, and biochemical analyses were applied for evaluation of osseointegration effects at 4 months after the grafting procedure. Bone formation around the implant was assessed by the bone area percentage (BA%) and the bone‐implant‐contact percentage (BIC%). The biomechanical evaluation was performed by the implant pullout test and the removal torque test. Microarray technology was utilized for gene expression comparison analysis at day 14 postoperatively. Radiographic and histological observation indicated enhanced bone formation in the BCP group compared to the HA group. Histomorphometric analyses of BA% and BIC% as well as biochemical analyses of the maximal pull‐out force and the ultimate shear strength were all significantly greater in the BCP group (p< 0.05). Transcriptional analysis at an early stage of osseointegration revealed that genes belonging to biological processes associated with cell proliferation, development, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis as well as the osteogenesis‐related TGF‐β/BMP and WNT signaling pathways were upregulated in the BCP group. In conclusion, the reconstruction of mandibular defects using BCP with simultaneous implant placement resulted in superior osseointegration effects. A number of candidate genes that were differentially expressed may contribute to the superior osseointegration effects. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2071–2079, 2019.
Alcohol extract of Bauhinia forficata link reduces lipid peroxidation in the testis and epididymis of adult Wistar rats
Authors: Sampaio Carolina Ferreira , Lucchetta Nicla Renata , Punhagui Ana Paula Franco , Banedetti Philippe Rodrigues , Arakawa Nilton Syogo , Seiva Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira , Fernandes Glaura Scantamburlo Alves 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBauhinia forficata is a medicinal plant that has flavonoid components with hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antiviral and anti‐inflammatory action. Aim of this study is to evaluate the action of B. forficata alcoholic extract in the male genital system of adult male Wistar rats. For that, 20 adult male Wistar rats were distributed into two experimental groups: the B. forficata group, receiving B. forficata alcoholic extract (0.1 ml/10 g body weight/day) on alternate days, and the control group, receiving just the vehicle for 30 days straight both via gavage. On the 31st day, the animals were euthanized, and the testis and epididymis were collected for histopathological, biochemical, morphometric, and sperm count analysis. Mass spectrometry identified new compounds in the extract: trans‐caffeic acid, liquiritigenin, gallocatechin, and 2,4,6‐trihydroxyphenanthren‐2‐glycoside. Biochemical analysis showed higher total cholesterol levels in the testis and lower malondialdehyde levels in the testis and epididymis, in the B. forficata group. The mast cell count showed a reduction in degranulated mast cells in the caput region of the epididymis, in the B. forficata group. The luminal compartment of the caput and the epithelial of the epididymis cauda were reduced, whereas the stromal region of the epididymis caput was increased in the B. forficata group, compared with the control group. The testicular tissue was less impaired, considering that all the histological analyses were similar to the control. We believe that B. forficata alcoholic extract in the male genital system showed antioxidant action, especially in the epididymal tissue.
Atmospheric scanning electron microscopy and its applications for biological specimens
Authors: Kang Dae Jin , Lee Se Jeong , Na Ji Eun , Seong Myung‐jun , Yoon So Young , Jeong Young Woo , Ahn Jae Pyoung , Rhyu Im Joo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractScanning electron microscopy in ambient conditions (Air‐SEM) was developed recently and has been used mainly for industrial applications. We assessed the potential application of Air‐SEM for the analysis of biological tissues by using rat brain, kidney, human tooth, and bone. Hard tissues prepared by grinding and frozen sections were observed. Basic cytoarchitecture of bone and tooth was identified in the without heavy metal staining. Kidney tissue prepared using routine SEM methodology yielded images comparable to those of field emission (FE)‐SEM. Sharpness was lower than that of FE‐SEM, but foot process of podocytes was observed at high magnification. Air‐SEM observation of semithin sections of kidney samples revealed glomerular basement membrane and podocyte processes, as seen using conventional SEM. Neuronal structures of soma, dendrites, axons, and synapses were clearly observed by Air‐SEM with STEM detector and were comparable to conventional transmission electron microscopy images. Correlative light and electron microscopy observation of zebrafish embryos based on fluorescence microscopy and Air‐SEM indicated the potential for a correlative approach. However, the image quality should be improved before becoming routine use in biomedical research.