bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Het Utrechts Mediatiemodel: opvang voor basisconflicten op wijkniveau
Authors: Dierx Janny , Verhoeff Caroline 
Published: August 2019

The Utrecht mediation model: support for the handling of daily conflicts within the neighbourhood
Utrecht, the fourth largest city of The Netherlands, is addressing resolving social conflict by promoting schools to adhere to the Peaceful School Program and civilians and professionals to join the Peaceful Neighborhood Program. The Peaceful School Program is designed to address problematic behavior of youth in primary, secondary and high school education and evolved into a democratic and participatory citizenship program. The Peaceful Neighborhood Program is involving important organizations that are active within the neighborhood, members of the community and stake-holders to adapt peaceful attitudes in daily life, including a mind-set that addresses conflicts by resolving them (together).These two programs are in the process of ‘conquering’ the whole of the city of Utrecht and every single neighborhood. The so-called Utrecht Model for Mediation is supporting these Peaceful Programs, through empowering citizens and professional to enhance their ‘peaceful skills’ and skills for conflict resolution. Citizens and professionals are being trained to develop this mindset. The Utrecht Model for Mediation is organizing a community of mediators that can be of help. A pool of volunteer mediators is being formed to help organizations, professionals, parents, students and members of the community in case of problems, tensions, problematic behavior of youth groups, etcetera. Professional mediators intervene in case of escalated conflicts and penal cases.
Assessment of Leptin and Prolactin in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Sadaria Roshni G. , Ravi B. V. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders among women at reproductive age and is characterized by infertility, hirsutism, obesity, insulin resistance, and menstrual irregularities. Leptin, an adipocyte derived hormone, serves as a link relaying metabolic signals to the neuronal networks in the brain to modulate hypothalamo-pituitary- ovarian axis. Circulating leptin correlates strongly with obesity, which is frequently associated with PCOS. PCOS is associated with hyperandrogenemia and relatively high estrogen levels, which could stimulate prolactin secretion.
Aims: 1. To assess serum leptin and prolactin in women with PCOS and to compare them with healthy women as controls. 2. To correlate the leptin, prolactin and body mass index (BMI) among a group of PCOS women and healthy women as controls.
Methodology: The study was conducted at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Bangalore. A comparative study was conducted which includes 30 women who has diagnosed with PCOS and 30 healthy women with as controls. The age group for the study was 18 to 35 years. Fasting blood samples were drawn to measure serum leptin and prolactin. BMI was also calculated. Interpretation of data was done using SPSS version 13.
Results: Significant positive correlations between leptin levels and BMI in cases and controls (ρ= 0.683, p < 0.001; ρ= 0.485, p = 0.007 respectively) were observed. Mean BMI, leptin and prolactin were found elevated in the PCOS women compared to controls but they were not statistically significant. No significant correlation was found between leptin and prolactin.
Conclusion: Leptin levels were correlated with BMI both in PCOS women and in the healthy controls. Leptin may not have a direct role in the pathogenesis of PCOS, as the serum levels were not significantly higher in PCOS women and did not correlate with prolactin.
Green Areas and Outdoor Recreational Centres in Ibadan, Nigeria: An Appraisal
Authors: Aderounmu A. F. , Oladele A. T. 
Published: August 2019

Aim: To investigate outdoor recreational potentials and constraints in relation to forestry in five recreational sites within Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria.
Study design: The survey was purposively conducted in five (5) locations based on recreational potentials associated with forests and other green environments.
Place and Duration of Study: Bower’s Tower; UI Zoological Gardens; Polo Club; Trans Amusement Park and Agodi Gardens between January and February, 2019.
Methodology: Total enumeration of visitors who patronized the recreation sites during the course of the study was carried out. Structured questionnaires focused on demographic and perception of visitors on benefits and problems of the green recreational centres were sought. In all, 160 respondents were interviewed. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square to test for association between the demographic factors of respondents and their perceptions towards the benefits of green areas.
Results: Most of the visitors were within 21- 40 years (57.5%) old; males (61.2%), unmarried/singles (48.8%) while 89.7% had a tertiary education. Recreational visitors spend between N500:00 and N2000:00 averagely per visit and were acquainted with environmental amelioration benefits such as shade, air purification and watershed protection. Visitors identified poor awareness as a major hindrance towards proper management of the centres. Age, marital status and academic qualifications had significant influence on how respondents spend their leisure using chi-square test at p = 0.01. Age (21–40years) is positively associated with outdoor recreation activities.
Conclusion: Tourists in Ibadan are aware of multiple benefits associated with green space recreation. Also visitors of all ages and marital status visit green spaces for recreational activities. It is recommended that efforts should be made by owner agencies to improve recreational facilities in the existing urban green areas such as tree planting for improved landscape and engage trained professionals for improved management.
Comparison of enhancement quantification from virtual unenhanced images to true unenhanced images in multiphase renal Dual‐Energy computed tomography: A phantom study
Authors: Olivia Popnoe D. , Ng Chaan S. , Zhou Shouhao , Cheenu Kappadath S. , Pan Tinsu , Kyle Jones A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiphase computed tomography (CT) exams are a commonly used imaging technique for the diagnosis of renal lesions and involve the acquisition of a true unenhanced (TUE) series followed by one or more postcontrast series. The difference in CT number of the mass in pre‐ and postcontrast images is used to quantify enhancement, which is an important criterion used for diagnosis. This study sought to assess the feasibility of replacing TUE images with virtual unenhanced (VUE) images derived from Dual‐Energy CT datasets in renal CT exams. Eliminating TUE image acquisition could reduce patient dose and improve clinical efficiency. A rapid kVp‐switching CT scanner was used to assess enhancement accuracy when using VUE compared to TUE images as the baseline for enhancement calculations across a wide range of clinical scenarios simulated in a phantom study. Three phantoms were constructed to simulate small, medium, and large patients, each with varying lesion size and location. Nonenhancing cystic lesions were simulated using distilled water. Intermediate (10‐20 HU [Hounsfield units]) and positively enhancing masses (≥20 HU) were simulated by filling the spherical inserts in each phantom with varied levels of iodinated contrast mixed with a blood surrogate. The results were analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical models. Posterior probabilities were used to classify enhancement measured using VUE compared to TUE images as significantly less, not significantly different, or significantly higher. Enhancement measured using TUE images was considered the ground truth in this study. For simulation of nonenhancing renal lesions, enhancement values were not significantly different when using VUE versus TUE images, with posterior probabilities ranging from 0.23‐0.56 across all phantom sizes and an associated specificity of 100%. However, for simulation of intermediate and positively enhancing lesions significant differences were observed, with posterior probabilities < 0.05, indicating significantly lower measured enhancement when using VUE versus TUE images. Positively enhancing masses were categorized accurately, with a sensitivity of 91.2%, when using VUE images as the baseline. For all scenarios where iodine was present, VUE‐based enhancement measurements classified lesions with a sensitivity of 43.2%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 78.1%. Enhancement calculated using VUE images proved to be feasible for classifying nonenhancing and highly enhancing lesions. However, differences in measured enhancement for simulation of intermediately enhancing lesions demonstrated that replacement of TUE with VUE images may not be advisable for renal CT exams.
Imide‐Functionalized Heteroarene‐Based n‐Type Terpolymers Incorporating Intramolecular Noncovalent Sulfur∙∙∙Oxygen Interactions for Additive‐Free All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Huiliang , Liu Bin , Koh Chang Woo , Zhang Yujie , Chen Jianhua , Wang Yang , Chen Peng , Tu Bao , Su Maoyao , Wang Hang , Tang Yumin , Shi Yongqiang , Woo Han Young , Guo Xugang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aggregation/crystallinity of classic n‐type terpolymers based on naphthalene diimide and perylene diimide is challenging to tune due to their rigid and extended cores, leading to suboptimal film morphology. A new strategy for developing high‐performance n‐type terpolymers by incorporating imide‐functionalized heteroarenes is reported here to balance crystallinity and miscibility without sacrificing charge carrier mobilities. The introduction of thienopyrroledione (TPD) into the copolymer f‐BTI2‐FT results in a series of terpolymers BTI2‐xTPD having distinct TPD content. The irregular backbone reduces crystallinity, yielding improved miscibility with the polymer donor. More importantly, TPD triggers noncovalent S⋯O interactions, increasing backbone planarity and in‐chain charge transport. Such interactions also promote face‐on polymer packing. As a result, all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) based on BTI2‐30TPD achieve an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.28% with a small energy loss (0.53 eV). This efficiency is substantially higher than that of TPD (4.4%) or a BTI2‐based copolymer (6.8%) and is also the highest for additive‐free all‐PSCs based on a terpolymer acceptor. Moreover, the BTI2‐30TPD cell exhibits excellent stability with the PCE retaining 90% of its initial value after 400 h of aging. The results demonstrate that random polymerization using imide‐functionalized heteroarenes is a powerful approach to develop terpolymer acceptors toward efficient and stable all‐polymer solar cell PSCs.
Synergic Catalysts of Polyoxometalate@Cationic Porous Aromatic Frameworks: Reciprocal Modulation of Both Capture and Conversion Materials
Authors: Song Jian , Li Yue , Cao Ping , Jing Xiaofei , Faheem Muhammad , Matsuo Yutaka , Zhu Youliang , Tian Yuyang , Wang Xiaohong , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCompositional catalysts based on porous supports and incorporated catalytic nanoparticles have achieved great successes during the past decades. However, rational design of synergic catalysts and modulating the interactions between functional supports and catalytic sites are still far from being well developed. In this work, aiming at overcoming the difficulties of comprehensive screening of porous supports and correspondingly matched catalytic sites, a cationic porous aromatic framework as a capturing platform and polyoxometalate anions as conversion materials are separately designed, and their combination is modularly controlled. The resulting composites show higher catalytic activities than the corresponding conversion sites themselves. Notably, the resulting composites uncommonly exhibit increased surface area and enlarged pore openings after the incorporation of nanoparticles, and lead to the promotion of mass transfer within the porous supports. The emergence of a hierarchical structure with increased surface area induced by guest loading is desired in heterogeneous catalysis. The reciprocal modulation of both capture and conversion materials results in enhanced conversion and increased reaction rate, indicating the successful preparation of synergic catalysts by this separate design approach.
Bias‐Induced Electrochemical Electron Doping of Organic Semiconductor Contacts
Authors: Zhao Chao , Utama Adrian Nugraha , Choo Kim‐Kian , Chua Lay‐Lay , Png Rui‐Qi , Ho Peter K. H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is well‐known that thin polyethylenimine and polyethylenimine (ethoxylated) (PEIE) layers can reduce the work function of metals, metal oxides, and conducting polymers by 1 eV or more through an interface dipole, but this is not generally sufficient to produce an ohmic electron contact. Here, it is shown that a short, positive‐bias preconditioning can switch the injection characteristics of a self‐assembled monolayer of PEIE on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDT:PSSH) from electron‐blocking to electron‐injecting into poly(N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenebis(dicarboxy‐imide)‐2,6‐diyl)‐alt‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)‐5,5′‐diyl). Despite its low work function (4.0 eV) and favorable energy level alignment, the PEIE‐modified contact is initially blocking because the tunneling barrier limits carrier accumulation. The prebias boosts this accumulation density through an interfacial solid‐state electrochemical process that positively charges the PEIE, which induces charge compensation by mobile electron carriers in the adjacent semiconductor layer through the field effect. This mechanism to trigger the ohmic transition appears to be general, as similar effects, albeit to a small extent, is found in semiconductors with even smaller electron affinity. This is the first example of ohmic electron injection from PEDT:PSSH into an organic semiconductor, which would be useful for fabricating tandem and other cells.
Thickness‐Dependent Optical Properties and In‐Plane Anisotropic Raman Response of the 2D β‐In2S3
Authors: Zhao Yu , Yu Daizhe , Lu Jianting , Tao Li , Chen Zefeng , Yang Yibin , Wei Aixiang , Tao Lili , Liu Jun , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Hao Mingming , Xu Jian‐Bin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent years have witnessed major advances in development of massive nonlayer structured ultrathin materials, providing great enrichment to the 2D nanomaterial family. The intriguing physical and chemical properties brought by nonlayered nanomaterials have attracted tremendous research interest. In this work, a systematica study of the optical properties of 2D nonlayered β‐diindium trisulfide (β‐In2S3) is reported. The thickness‐dependent photoluminescence (PL), Raman spectra, and absorption property are measured for ultrathin β‐In2S3 flakes and found distinguished from its bulk counterpart. These peculiar features originate from the superficial indium oxide in ultrathin β‐In2S3, as revealed by low‐temperature PL and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. The Raman vibration modes are identified by Raman spectra measurements combined with calculations using density functional theory. Importantly, the tetragonal β‐In2S3 flakes exhibit strong in‐plane anisotropic Raman response under the angle‐resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy measurements. The results in this paper provide an in‐depth understanding of the emerging 2D nonlayered material In2S3 and pave a fundamental step for its potential applications in future electronics and optoelectronics.
Deformation and removal of viscous thin film by submerged jet impingement
Authors: Lu Jiakai , Corvalan Carlos M. , Huang Jen‐Yi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, for the first time, we characterize the deformation and removal dynamics of viscous thin films under submerged jet impingement using direct numerical simulation. The impinging jet deforms the thin film near the impingement region at the beginning until local removed region is formed. Subsequently, the removed region expands due to the shear stress imposed by the jet. At later times, we find that the film is removed in a quasi‐adhesive removal mechanism, and its removal radius as a function of time, follows a scaling law with a universal removal rate for films over a wide range of viscosities. However, the kinetic constant of the removal scaling is highly dependent on the viscosity of the film. We also find that larger initial film thickness may change the removal mechanism, although the scaling law describing the removal rate still applies.
Torlon® hollow fiber membranes for organic solvent reverse osmosis separation of complex aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures
Authors: Jang Hye‐Youn , Johnson J. R. , Ma Yao , Mathias Ronita , Bhandari Dhaval A. , Lively Ryan P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDefect‐free polyamide‐imide (Torlon®) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated to investigate the potential for polymer‐based organic solvent reverse osmosis (OSRO) separations. The quality of the membranes was assessed by gas permeation, and the membranes were found to be defect‐free. Low molecular weight cut‐offs of ~180 g/mol were obtained using a complex mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons relevant to refinery separations. We demonstrate bulk OSRO‐type separations of 80/20 (mol%) mixtures of toluene and 1,3,5‐triisopropylbenzene (TIPB, 204 g/mol). At an upstream pressure of 80–90 bar, we find that the permeate concentration was approximately 98.5–99.0 mol% toluene and that the TIPB rejection coefficient was approximately 90% in the permeate. We observed low solvent permeances of 0.01 L/m2 hr bar, which can be attributed to the low OSRO driving forces and the low permeability of Torlon®. The membranes were found to provide stable performance up to pressures of 95 bar and temperatures of 60°C.
Experimental study of gas swirling flow instability characteristics in a cyclone using the hot‐wire anemometry technique
Authors: Sun Liqiang , Wang Di , Song Jianfei , Liu Jianxin , Wang Jiangyun , Wei Yaodong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe instability characteristics of gas swirling flow in a cyclone were investigated experimentally by measuring the instantaneous tangential velocity with the hot‐wire anemometry. The results showed that the instantaneous tangential velocity fluctuated continuously with time at both low and high frequencies. Further analysis of measured data regarding time and frequency domain by probability density and spectral methods revealed that the velocity fluctuation was affected not only by the turbulence flow itself but also by gas swirling flow instability. Also, the distributions of dominant frequency and amplitude indicated that low‐frequency velocity fluctuation caused by the instability had the transfer behavior and attenuation character, which could be characterized by the dominant frequency that varied little along the radial position and decreased gradually along the axial direction, while the amplitude increased significantly with decreased radial position. Due to the gas swirling instability, the turbulence intensity and the fine particle diffusion were enhanced, which would degrade the separation efficiency of cyclone.
A Highly Stable Porous Viologen Polymer for the Catalysis of Debromination Coupling of Benzyl Bromides with High Recyclability
Authors: Tang Jia‐Kang , Yu Shang‐Bo , Liu Chuan‐Zhi , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan‐Wei , Li Zhan‐Ting 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA highly stable porous organic polymer bipy‐POP has been prepared from the reaction of 4,4′‐bipyridine and tetrakis(4‐(bromomethyl)phenyl)methane in N‐methylpyrrolidone at 110 °C. Bipy‐POP exhibited high efficiency in catalyzing the reductive debromination of a variety of benzyl bromides in N,N‐dimethylformamide with dithionite as reductive reagent. For substrates that bear electron‐donating group(s) on the benzene ring, the reactions selectively afforded dibenzyl sulfone derivatives. Generally, substrates that bear an electron‐withdrawing group on the benzene ring gave rise to coupling products ethane derivatives. As exceptions, F, Cl or CF3‐contained substrates were found to selectively produce sulfone derivatives. The recyclability of bipy‐POP for the catalysis of the reaction of (4‐fluorophenyl)methyl bromide and diphenylmethyl bromide, which afforded the corresponding sulfone or ethane derivative, revealed that, after 40 times of repeated use, the heterogeneous catalysis did not exhibit important decrease of the activity.
Listen, learn, build, deliver? Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander policy in the National Disability Insurance Scheme
Authors: Gordon Tess , Dew Angela , Dowse Leanne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite an increased focus in recent years on Aboriginal people with disability within disability studies and advocacy, limited attention has been paid to Aboriginal people in Australian disability services policy. This article examines the consultation with Aboriginal organisations for the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), a new disability policy personalising care through individual service funding packages. The article interrogates how, and to what extent, the government has sought and incorporated the views of Aboriginal people with disability into NDIS policy. Using thematic content analysis, governmental NDIS‐related documents are compared with Aboriginal organisation submissions and public hearing transcripts, to identify tensions in perspectives regarding Aboriginal peoples' participation in the NDIS. The article concludes that governmental responsiveness to Aboriginal organisations in the NDIS operates from predetermined constructions of Aboriginality and disability.
Electron Deficient Monomers that Optimize Nucleation and Enhance the Photocatalytic Redox Activity of Carbon Nitrides
Authors: Zhang Guigang , Liu Minghui , Heil Tobias , Zafeiratos Spiros , Savateev Aleksandr , Antonietti Markus , Wang Xinchen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolymeric carbon nitride (PCN) is usually synthesized from nitrogen‐rich monomers such as cyanamide, melamine, and urea, but is rather disordered in many cases. Now, a new allotrope of carbon nitride with internal heterostructures was obtained by co‐condensation of very electron poor monomers (for example, 5‐amino‐tetrazole and nucleobases) in the presence of mild molten salts (for example, NaCl/KCl) to mediate the polymerization kinetics and thus modulate the local structure, charge carrier properties, and most importantly the HOMO and LUMO levels. Results reveal that the as‐prepared NaK‐PHI‐A material shows excellent photo‐redox activities because of a nanometric hetero‐structure which enhances visible light absorption and promotes charge separation in the different domains.
The Parent Diarsene HAs=AsH as Side‐on Bound Ligand in an Iron Carbonyl Complex
Authors: Rund Reinhard , Balázs Gábor , Bodensteiner Michael , Scheer Manfred 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe terminal diarsene HAs=AsH ligand attracts special interest concerning its bonding relation in comparison to its isolable relative, ethene. Herein, by the methanolysis of [{Fe(CO)4}As(SiMe3)3] (1) the synthesis of [{Fe(CO)4}(η2‐As2H2)] (2) is reported, containing a parent diarsene as unprecedented side‐on coordinated ligand. Following this synthetic route, also the D‐labeled complex [{Fe(CO)4}(η2‐As2D2)] (2D) could be isolated. The electronic structure and bonding situation of2was elucidated by DFT calculations revealing that2is best described as an olefin‐like complex. Moreover, the reactivity of2towards the Lewis acids [{M(CO)5}(thf)] (M=Cr, W) was investigated, leading to the complexes [Fe(CO)4AsHW(CO)5]2(3) and [{Fe(CO)4}2AsH{Cr(CO)5}] (4), respectively.