bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
South African female offenders’ experiences of the Sycamore Tree Project with strength-based activities
Authors: Fourie Mariëtte Emmerentia , Koen Vicki 
Published: April 2018

South African female offenders’ experiences of the Sycamore Tree Project with strength-based activities
The aim of this study is to explore South African female offenders’ experiences of the Sycamore Tree Project (STP) with strength-based activities. A qualitative, explorative-descriptive research design was applied. The sample included nineteen female offenders who were purposively sampled. Data were collected through the world café method and thematically analysed. The results identify four main themes, namely experiences of STP with strength-based activities, new discoveries as a result of participation in the STP with strength-based activities, experiences of strength-based activities and recommendations regarding the STP with strength-based activities.
L’examen de l’article 37 de la Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant et des règles et principes des Nations Unies relatifs à la privation des libertés des enfants en conflit avec la loi
Authors: Barry Thierno Souleymane 
Published: April 2018

La lecture de l’article 37 de la Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant permet d’affirmer que l’enfant est protégé contre la torture et autres traitements cruels, inhumains et dégradants et est exempt de condamnation à la peine capitale et d’emprisonnement à vie sans possibilité de libération (art. 37.a), qu’il ne peut faire l’objet de privation illégale de liberté et que cette privation ne peut intervenir qu’en dernier ressort et de manière brève (art. 37.b), qu’en cas de privation de liberté, qu’il doit être traité avec dignité et séparé des adultes (art. 37.c) et qu’enfin, il doit bénéficier d’une assistance juridique et la garantie d’un procès équitable et rapide (art. 37. d). Ces principes rencontrent les règles énoncées par les Nations unies : Règles de Beijing sur la justice des mineurs (1985), Principes de Riad sur la prévention de la délinquance juvénile (1990), Règles de La Havane sur la protection des mineurs privés de libertés (1990), Règles de Tokyo sur les mesures non privatives de libertés (1990).
En posant les principes d’exceptionnalité de la privation de liberté, de séparation des enfants et des adultes, de célérité de traitement, d’assistance juridique et de participation de l’enfant en conflit avec la loi, l’article 37 de la Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant et l’ensemble des corpus de règles et de principes des Nations Unies en la matière établissent un cadre de mise en oeuvre des droits de l’enfant privés de liberté compatible avec une approche des droits de l’enfant. Cependant, de plus en plus, pour juguler la délinquance juvénile, on constate un appel au durcissement des règles concernant le traitement des enfants en conflit avec la loi de la part des États et ce, en dépit d’un plaidoyer constant pour des mesures alternatives à la privation de la liberté des enfants en provenance des ONG et des comités onusiens.
Dans la présente étude, en faisant usage d’une approche basée sur les droits de l’enfant et en recourant aux dispositifs légaux, à la pratique des États et à la jurisprudence du Comité des droits de l’enfant, nous nous proposons d’analyser le contenu de l’article 37 de la Convention relative aux droits de l’enfant en lien avec les Règles et Principes des Nations Unies y afférant, d’évaluer la pratique des États et d’explorer les mesures alternatives relatives à la privation de la liberté des enfants en conflit avec la loi.
Selection of quality indicators for nutritional therapy in pediatrics: a cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil
Authors: Bertoldi Julia , Ferreira Aline , Scancetti Luiza , Padilha Patricia 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundQuality indicators for nutritional therapy (QINT) are important in assessing care and monitoring of resources. Among the 30 indicators proposed by International Life Sciences Institute, Brazil, there is still no evaluation of the most pertinent for Pediatrics.ObjectiveTo list the 10 main quality indicators for nutritional therapies (QINTs) for Pediatrics.MethodsThis was a two-phase cross-sectional study. Firstly, a questionnaire was answered by physicians, nutritionists, nurses, and pharmacists, all with having experience in nutritional therapy (NT) with Pediatrics, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Participants assessed four attributes of QINT by using the Likert scale. A Top 10 ranked QINT list for Pediatrics was established. To verify the consistency of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was calculated. Secondly, the opinions of the participants on the results that were obtained were requested and the percentages of the positive responses were calculated.ResultsA total of 33 professionals participated in the first phase and 92% (n= 23 of 25) in the second phase approved the results of the selected indicators. Among the Top 10 QINTs, the three main ones were: #1: “Frequency of diarrhea in those patients on enteral nutrition” (mean = 13.194; α = 0.827); #2: “Frequency of dietary nutritional prescriptions upon the hospital discharge of the NT patients” (mean = 12.871; α = 0.822); #3: “Frequency of the NT patients who recovered their oral intake” (mean = 12.839; α = 0.859).ConclusionWhen considering the consistency and the concordance that were obtained, it can be suggested that the list of Top 10 QINTs as proposed in this study will help in the evaluation of NT quality indicators for Pediatrics.
Are lower levels of physical activity and self-rated fitness associated with higher levels of psychological distress in Croatian young adults? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Štefan Lovro , Sporiš Goran , Krističević Tomislav 
Published: April 2018

Background
Although previous evidence has shown that physical activity and physical fitness lower the level of psychological distress, little is known of simultaneous associations between of physical activity and physical fitness and with psychological distress, especially in young adults. Therefore, the main purpose of the present study was to explore both separate and simultaneous association between physical activity and physical fitness with psychological distress.

Methods
Participants in this cross-sectional study were 2,100 university students (1,041 men and 1,059 women) chosen from eight faculties in the city of Zagreb. Physical activity, physical fitness and psychological distress were assessed using structured questionnaires. The associations were examined using logistic regression analysis.

Results
After adjusting for gender, body-mass index, self-rated health, material status, binge drinking, chronic disease/s and sleep quality, “insufficient” physical activity (OR = 2.60; 95% CI [1.92–3.52]) and “lower” levels of physical fitness (tertile 2; OR = 1.94; 95% CI [1.25–3.01] and tertile 1; OR = 2.59; 95% CI [1.65–4.08]) remained associated with “high” psychological distress. When physical activity and physical fitness were entered simultaneously into the model, “insufficient” physical activity (OR = 2.35; 95% CI [1.72–3.21]) and “lower” levels of physical fitness (tertile 2; OR = 1.77; 95% CI [1.24–2.77] and tertile 1; OR = 2.00; 95% CI [1.26–3.20]) remained associated with “high” psychological distress.

Conclusion
Our study shows that both “insufficient” physical activity and “lower” levels of physical fitness are associated with “high” psychological distress, even after adjusting for numerous covariates. Therefore, special policies aiming to increase the levels of physical activity and fitness are warranted.
Ser e Parecer “Patricinha”: família, amigos e identidade na adolescência
Authors: Da Silva Pereira Cláudia 
Published: April 2018

Baseado em pesquisa realizada com mais de 100 adolescentes de camadas médias e altas da Zona Sul do Rio de Janeiro, este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as configurações sociais que determinam os novos papéis da família, dos amigos e da indústria cultural na construção da noção de adolescência e das identiÜades entre os indivíduos que vivem esta fase da vida. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa quantitativa e das entrevistas pessoais realizadas, é feita uma reflexão sobre as representações na adolescência e sua contribuição para as formas de classificação que se estabelecem nas relações sociais. Entre outras questões, é destacada a categoria de acusação “patricinhas”. <br>
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<B>Palavras-chave</B>: adolescência, família, gênero. <br>
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<B>Abstract</B>: Based on a research realized with more than 100 middle and high classes teenagers from South Zone of Rio de Janeiro, this article objectives to discuss the social configurations that determine the new role of family, friends and cultural industry on the construction of the notion of adolescence and the identities among the ones who live this phase of life. From the results of the quantitative research and the personal interviews realized, we make a reflection about the representations in adolescence and their contributions to the classification forms the are present in the social relations. Among other ìuestions, it is focused the accusation category “patricinhas”. <br>
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<B>Key words</B>: adolescence, family, gender.
Reflexões sobre ensino (ou sobre mediação?) da literatura
Authors: Alves Martins Aracy 
Published: April 2018

Este texto levanta reflexões sobre o mediação escolar nos processos de escolarização da leitura literária. Comenta inicialmente a produção de leitura de três textos de gêneros diferenciados, realizada por professores em processo de formação, revelando uma pluralidade das possibilidades de leitura na relação autoria/textos/leitores. Estabelece uma diferenciação entre
ensino e mediação, principalmente no campo das manifestações culturais, na direção da literatura, enquanto produção artística. Aponta a necessidade de se engendrarem projetos de formação cultural de professores, em prol da formação de leitores e da democratização da leitura. <br>
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<B>Palavras-chave</B>: escolarização, mediação, leitura literária, formação cultural. <br>
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<B>Abstract</B>: This text intends to raise some reflections about school mediation in the schooling processes of literary reading. At first it comments on the reading production of three texts of different kinds, made by teachers during the graduate process, revealing a plurality of reading possibilities in the relationship among authorship/texts/readers. It also establishes a differentiation between teaching and mediation, mainly in the field of cultural demonstrations, in literature considered as artistic production. It points to the need of designing projects towards the teachers´cultural education aiming at readers´ formation and reading democratization. <br>
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<B>Key words</B>: schooling process, mediation, literary reading, cultural education.
“Mal Amadas”, “Porcas”, “Feminazis”, “Sujas”, “Xanatunzel”, “Nojentas” e “Xontuzeis” – Análise dos Discursos de Ódio sobre a performance Pelos Pêlos e seus desdobramentos
Authors: Costa Alexandra martins 
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo é uma análise quanti qualitativa dos discursos de ódio sobre a performance Pelos Pêlos (2013), realizada pela coletiva Tete a Teta. A ação consiste em duas mulheres unidas pelos pêlos pubianos e que andam pelo centro da cidade, num horário de grande movimentação. Os registros dessa performance se tornaram memes de um perfil antifeminista no Facebook, que tem como propósito satirizar esse movimento social. A partir da repercussão desse material foram contabilizados 394 comentários de ódio que servem como base para produção do presente artigo. Enquanto os discursos de ódio que aqui mostramos, servem para desqualificar as mulheres. Desejamos voltar antes, ir contracorrente, fazer o trajeto contrário: analisar essas falas para qualificar ainda mais o discurso e debate feminista. E é sobre isso que desejamos nos esparramar, invocar, debruçar, remexer e cutucar.
Os Sons que eu Soo
Authors: Moreira Dora 
Published: April 2018

O presente texto parte de situações de escuta e fala em espaços urbanos para repensar a noção de Paisagem Sonora através das discussões raciais, de gênero, sexualidade e suas interseccionalidade. Conversa com os estudos dos sons a fim de repensar o debate entre ruído e silêncio fazendo uma torção para questões de escuta e silenciamentos, propondo desde uma escrita de si uma ausculta do outro.
<b>Formas de representação do corpo negro em performance</b> <br> [Marcos Antônio Alexandre]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança Periódico 
Published: April 2018

Este artigo apresenta como objetivo trazer para discussão as identidades negras, analisando e resgatando as formas de representação do corpo negro em performances e em suas concepções espetaculares e ritualísticas. Assim, no desenvolvimento do trabalho, é discutido a presença do negro nos festejos do Congado e em dois textos espetaculares produzidos e apresentados em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, <em>Exercício Nº 1 e O Negro</em>,<em> a Flor e o Rosário.</em>
<b>CIRCO-TEATRO NO SEMIÁRIDO BAIANO (1911-1942)</b> <br> [Reginaldo Carvalho]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança 
Published: April 2018

<div>O presente artigo refl ete sobre a historiografia do teatro baiano e traz elementos da história do circo-teatro no semi-árido da Bahia, entre os anos de 1911 e 1942, com foco na cidade de Senhor do Bonfim, através da apresentação de 21 companhias circenses que passaram pelo interior do estado na primeira metade do século XX.<br><br />This article reflects on the historiography of theater made in Bahia and brings elements of the history of the circus-theater in the semi-arid region of Bahia, between the years 1911 and 1942, focusing on the city of Senhor do Bonfim, by presenting 21 companies circus that passed through the countryside in the first half of the twentieth century.</div>
<b>A PALHAÇARIA EM O SAPATO DO MEU TIO</b> <br> [Demian Moreira Reis]
Authors: Repertório Teatro & Dança 
Published: April 2018

<div>Neste artigo analiso a palhaçaria no espetáculo O sapato do meu tio. A peça O sapato do meu tio foi inspirada na obra de Peter Handke, <em>O menor quer ser tutor</em>, que pode ser aproximada ao teatro do absurdo. Mas a fórmula principal do espetáculo equaciona teatro e palhaçaria. Diversos dispositivos da técnica do palhaço foram reconhecidos, como o estabelecimento de uma relação de Branco e Augusto na relação entre o Tio e o Sobrinho; a quebra da quarta parede, estabelecendo uma relação de jogo direto com a platéia, principalmente na cena do espelho quebrado, mas também em outros momentos pelo espetáculo; a dilatação e o exagero de características físicas e da personalidade de cada ator na atuação das personagens; a feitura de cenas curtas e independentes, cuja montagem não obedeceu a uma lógica de causalidade, proporcionando um efeito de surpresa maior; o uso da máscara do nariz vermelho e sapatos grandes e vermelhos, indumentária típica da palhaçaria clássica, para caracterizar as cenas de apresentação artística do Tio e o número do espelho quebrado. Assistimos a esses princípios operando, sobretudo nas ações físicas dos atores do espetáculo, apesar de apresentar uma situação dramática, isto é, um enredo que pretende sustentar algum grau de verossimilhança. A peça não usa diálogo falado, portanto, depende principalmente dos recursos apresentados pelo corpo cênico dos atores.</div><div><div><br></div><div><br />In this article I analise the clownery in the spectacle My uncles shoes. The play My uncles shoes was inspired in the play of Peter Handkle, <em>The minor wants to be a tutor</em>, which can be approximated to the theater of the absurd. But the main formula of the show tackles theater and clownery. Several devices of the clown technique was recognized as establishing a relationship of White and August in the relationship between uncle and nephew, breaking the fourth wall, establishing a direct gaming relationship with the audience, especially at the scene of the mirror broken, and other moments of the spectacle, the dilation and exaggeration of physical featuresand personality of each actor in the role of the characters, the writing of short and independent scenes, whose assembly did not follow the logic of causality, providing an effect of surprise, the use of mask of a red nose and big red shoes and red, clothing typical of the classic slapstick to characterize the artistic presentation of scenes of the Uncle and the number of the broken mirror. We saw these principles operating, especially, in the physical actions of the actors of the show, which despite having a dramatic situation, that is, a plot that aims to sustain some degree of verisimilitude. The play does not make use of spoken dialogue, and therefore depends mainly on the resources presented by the scenic body of the actors.</div></div>
Mendel,GregorJohann
Authors: Forsdyke Donald R 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGregor Mendel (1822–1884) was a Moravian biologist from whose quantitative plant breeding studies were derived laws of inheritance that founded a new branch of biology, genetics. He crossed varieties of peas and examined the distribution of characters among offspring over successive generations. Hybrids resulting from crossing two varieties with contrasting characters did not breed true. They were not the ‘constant hybrids’ much sought by professional breeders that might lead to independent species. In the 1880s Mendel's work was appreciated by Wilhelm Focke and George Romanes, who initiated similar studies with animals. Studies with plants were initiated in the 1890s by European botanists who discovered Mendel's work in 1900. A relationship of hereditary units that determined characters – now known as genes – to chromosomes was noted by cytologist Michael Guyer in 1900. The major early advocate of Mendel's work, zoologist William Bateson, agreed with Mendel that new species could emerge discontinuously.Key ConceptsFor his experiments it was essential that Mendel chose characters in pea plants that would breed true.He found that hybrids between lines which themselves bred true, did not breed true. They were not ‘constant hybrids’.At that time many thought that constant hybrids would indicate a continuous species origination process.From ‘brother‐sister’ matings of pea hybrids, Mendel derived quantitative laws.His units that determined characters – now known as genes – were located to chromosomes by Michael Guyer.Without knowledge of Mendel's laws, European botanists rediscovered them in plants.William Bateson confirmed that Mendel's laws applied to various animal and plant species.Mendel's laws were challenged by mathematical biologists (biometricians).Mendel followed the statistics of his time and his results have withstood the test of time.Mendel's view that new species can arise discontinuously without the involvement of natural selection has gained support.
Nucleolar Dominance
Authors: Pikaard Craig S 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Nucleolar dominance is an epigenetic phenomenon that describes the formation of nucleoli, the sites of ribosome assembly, by chromosomes inherited from only one parent/progenitor of a genetic hybrid. Nucleolus formation is programmed by chromosomal loci, known as nucleolus organiser regions (NORs), that are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes repeated in long tandem arrays. Only transcriptionally active rRNA genes give rise to nucleoli, thus the molecular basis for nucleolar dominance is differential rRNA gene expression. Differential rRNA gene expression results from selective silencing of specific subsets of rRNA genes via changes in DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications. Because rRNA genes are nearly identical in sequence, it has long been a mystery how rRNA genes destined for silencing can be discriminated from genes that remain active. Recent genetic evidence indicates that selective rRNA gene silencing results from inactivation of whole NORs, not mechanisms that discriminate between individual rRNA genes.

Key Concepts

In genetic hybrids, rRNA genes inherited from the different parents, or progenitors, can be differentially expressed.

Specific subsets of rRNA genes are also differentially expressed in pure species (nonhybrids).

Nucleolar dominance is a manifestation of a dosage control system that operates in all eukaryotes to control the number of active rRNA genes.

Nucleolar dominance in both hybrids and pure species involves the selective silencing of ribosomal RNA gene loci, known as nucleolus organiser regions, that span millions of base pairs.

Ribosomal RNA gene silencing involves cytosine methylation and repressive histone posttranslational modifications.

Genetic evidence indicates that selective rRNA gene silencing results from inactivation of entire nucleolus organiser regions (NORs) rather than silencing decisions that are made one rRNA gene at a time.
3DPrinting
Authors: Lupton Deborah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing is a process of fabricating objects using computer‐aided design software and hardware that responds to instructions from the software. This entry provides an overview of 3D printing technologies, including their current and proposed uses. Some of the social, cultural, political, and ethical issues concerning 3D printing are identified and directions for future sociological research on these technologies are outlined.
Diseases, Borderless
Authors: Ali S. Harris 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Globalization based on the movement of people, capital, information, and goods across the world has been accompanied by the intensification of disease spread. As various new types of social and geographical interconnectivities arise, changes in the interconnections between human beings, as well as between human beings and other animal species and the environment, have profound repercussions for the emergence and response to disease outbreaks. In particular, new and (re‐)emerging diseases pose formidable problems as the global public health community begins to confront new barriers to pandemic responses that have arisen from changes in the political‐economic structures of nation‐states struggling with the impacts of a worldwide recession.
Feminist Discourse Analysis
Authors: Tilley Elspeth 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFeminist discourse analysis has evolved out of linguists' particular concern with text and talk as gendered interactions, and feminist scholars' particular concern with discourse as an apparatus of patriarchy, to become, today, a wide‐reaching approach for understanding and critiquing the power of language and the language of power in many incarnations and contexts. Feminist discourse analysts understand discourse as establishing categories of inclusion and exclusion that are related to patriarchy as an “omnirelevant” schema but also see these gendered categories intersecting with a wide range of other hierarchical conceptualizations of difference that structure social institutions and interactions. They examine these various manifestations of difference, and the power they accrue or withhold, in media texts, conversations, advertisements, novels, films, political speeches, meeting minutes, interview transcripts, or wherever they may occur, through close attention to structures of representation such as themes, frames, grammatical features, and modes of address.