bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weathering Controlled Landslide in Deccan Traps: Insight from Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra
Authors: Joshi Mayank , Rajappan S. , Rajan P. Prasobh , Mathai J. , Sankar G. , Nandakumar V. , Kumar V. Anil 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Landslide is one of the devastating natural phenomenon that threatens human life and property. Every year a number of persons lost their lives due to the landslides. Therefore, a better under-standing and characterization of landslide is very essential for adopting mitigation strategies to contain the adversities of this natural hazard. Information on landslides from different climatic setup are very essential for better understanding of the influence of weathering, rainfall, or topography on landslide generation. Weathering is one of the important causative factor for landslide generation in the moderate topography or inactive mountainous terrain. The Western Ghats including the Deccan Traps, an inactive mountain range, receives torrential rainfall. Intense rainfall in these areas enhances the weathering processes and fabricates thick soil covers. Mahabaleshwar area, Maharashtra was chosen as a case study, where high elevated part is covered by lateritic layer and each lava flow unit is separated by a thin weathered bed of red bole. The area experiences series of landslides during the summer monsoon months. Mainly two types of landslides have been identified in the area confined with the red bole bed and powdery lateritic soil. The first type of landslides occur at higher elevations (≥1200m) where horizontal beds of permeable laterites underlined by impermeable thick basalt beds. The rain water infiltrates down and spread laterally within the permeable lateritic beds. It finally spouts at lower plateau elevations and triggers mainly debris flows. The other category of landslides occurs where the weathered red bole bed separates two successive lava flows. The percolating water from the secondary porosities (joints and inter connected vugs) comes out from the contact zones of basalt and red bole bed in the form of seepages. It erodes the red bole bed and as a result the overlying masses hang and consequently lead to rock fall. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) of the representative samples from landslide locations indicates significant weathering. The CIA values for the fine lateritic soil are up to 98% whereas for the red bole bed it varies from 77 to 85%. This suggests a high chemical weathering and higher erodibility. The association of active landslide locations with the red bole bed and fine lateritic soil suggests a close relation between weathering and landslide occurrences in the area.
Investigation on Submarine Groundwater Discharge at Kozhikkode Coastal Aquifer, SW Western Ghats
Authors: George Mintu Elezebath , Babu D. S. Suresh , Akhil T. , Rafeeque M. K. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The direct discharge of groundwater to sea through aquifer medium (Submarine Groundwater Discharge), has been recognized as a small but significant component of hydrological cycle as it often transfers considerable amount of nutrients and pollutants to the sea. Understanding on Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) allows us to estimate optimum exploitation levels of coastal fresh groundwater and to locate feasible waste disposal sites in coastal zones. SGD is temporally and spatially variable as interactions between multiple forcing mechanisms vary at any given location and time. Thus, site-specific investigation is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the timing, magnitude, and importance of SGD in any region. The potential of thermal remote sensing (IR imagery) was resorted to target the possible SGD zones in the initial phase. Subsequently, hydrogeological, hydrochemical and resistivity surveys have provided adequate field evidences to delineate the direct discharge areas. Though sandy horizons form the main aquifer material, laterite and weathered/fractured rock were also found to be functioning as aquifer zones. Based on different field investigation techniques, a total of three areas such as, Gotheeswaram, Kappad and Koyilandi were identified as potential groundwater discharge zones in the Kozhikkode coastal aquifer.
Groundwater Environment of a Tropical East Flowing River of Western Ghats, Southern India
Authors: Magesh N. S. , Chandrasekar N. , Elango L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Abstraction of groundwater resources is increasing over the years to meet its ever-increasing demand for industrial, agricultural and domestic purposes throughout the world. The scenario is even worse in the east flowing rivers of the Western Ghats, where the demand of water is high under changing climatic conditions. Such situation may affect the groundwater resources of the river basin on a long run. The aim of the present study is to characterize the geochemistry of groundwater in Tamiraparani sub-basin through geochemical modeling and deduce the ionic interactions with the aid of geostatistical and multivariate statistical techniques. A total of 40 groundwater samples from shallow aquifers were collected randomly throughout the sub-basin for assessing its physico-chemical parameters, which include physical properties of the water, major ions and nutrients. Two major hydrogeochemical facies were identified such as mixed Ca-Mg-Cl and Ca-HCO3 groups. The nutrients derived from agricultural runoff, urban discharge and organic decomposition alters the nutrient level in the groundwater. The dissolution/precipitation of minerals such as calcite and dolomite controls the chemical constituents of the groundwater. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates that natural weathering of source rocks is the main contributors of ions in the groundwater followed by anthropogenic activities such as agricultural practices and urbanization. The insights obtained from this study can be helpful for sustainable groundwater management and long-term monitoring studies.
Discrete stochastic approximations of the Mumford–Shah functional
Authors: Ruf Matthias 
Published: November 2018

We propose a new

Γ

-convergent discrete approximation of the Mumford–Shah functional. The discrete functionals act on functions defined on stationary stochastic lattices and take into account general finite differences through a non-convex potential. In this setting the geometry of the lattice strongly influences the anisotropy of the limit functional. Thus we can use statistically isotropic lattices and stochastic homogenization techniques to approximate the vectorial Mumford–Shah functional in any dimension.

Résumé

Nous proposons une nouvelle discrétisation de la fonctionnelle de Mumford–Shah convergente au sens de la

Γ

-convergence. Les fonctionnelles discrètes agissent sur des fonctions définies sur des réseaux aléatoires stationnaires et dépendent de différences finies générales via un potentiel non-convexe. Dans ce cadre, la géométrie du réseau aléatoire influence grandement l'anisotropie de la fonctionnelle limite. Ainsi, en utilisant des réseaux aléatoires statistiquement isotropes, on démontre par des techniques d'homogénéisation le résultat d'approximation de la fonctionnelle vectorielle de Mumford–Shah en toutes dimensions.
Operational and Financial Considerations of Using Drones for Medical Support of Mass Events in Poland
Authors: Robakowska Marlena , Ślęzak Daniel , Tyrańska-Fobke Anna , Nowak Joanna , Robakowski Piotr , Żuratyński Przemysław , Ładny Jerzy , Nadolny Klaudiusz 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe implementation of drones in the medical security system requires a proper planning of the cooperation of different services, dividing the area into sectors, assessing potential risks, and other factors. This study refers to the cost analysis of using drones in the medical support of mass events. The aim of this research is to analyze the costs of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) implementation in the mass event medical support system.MethodsThe description includes purchase and maintenance costs of UAVs. The analysis also involves ways of raising funds for projects related to the UAV sector. Apart from the financial aspect, staff and drone operator training issues are the subjects of this analysis as well.ResultsThis study is based on a specialist research involving drones and referring to reports on the current situation in Poland and in the world.ConclusionsThe presented funds required for such projects and the way of raising these funds illustrate the range of the project and its requirements. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:527-532)
Puritan Martyrs in Island Prisons
Authors: Cressy David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCharles I's Star Chamber prosecution of the lawyer William Prynne, the minister Henry Burton, and the physician John Bastwick generated both contemporary and historiographical controversy, mostly concerned with their writings, their trial, and their punishment in London. This article turns attention to their unusual offshore incarceration on the islands of Jersey, Guernsey, and the Scillies between 1637 and 1640. It examines the material, social, and spiritual circumstances of island detention, and shows how the “puritan martyrs”1coped with separation from the world. Though the discourse of martyrdom invited a compilation of miseries, invoking scriptural comparisons, this triumvirate experienced isolation that did not necessarily incapacitate them. Prynne savored the hospitality of his jailers, Burton smuggled out polemical tracts, and all three found inspiration in the book of Revelation, written by St. John while a prisoner on the island of Patmos. Each returned to the fray in the 1640s, writing works of witness and justification. Their experience of island imprisonment provided a model and an inspiration for dozens more who were similarly confined during the Protectorate and the Restoration.
Sir John Gladstone and the Debate over the Amelioration of Slavery in the British West Indies in the 1820s
Authors: Burnard Trevor , Candlin Kit 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSir John Gladstone made a fortune as a Demerara sugar-planter and a key supporter of the British policy of amelioration in which slavery would be “improved” by making it more “humane.” Unlike resident planters in the British West Indies, who were firmly opposed to any alteration to the conditions of enslavement, and unlike abolitionists, who saw amelioration as a step toward abolition, Gladstone was a rare but influential metropolitan-based planter with an expansive imperial vision, prepared to work with British politicians to guarantee his investments in slavery through progressive slave reforms. This article intersects with recent historiography highlighting connections between metropole and colony but also insists on the influence of Demerara, including the effects of a large slave rebellion centered on Gladstone's estates (which illustrated that enslaved people were not happy with Gladstone's supposedly enlightened attitudes) on metropolitan sensibilities in the 1820s. Gladstone's strategies for an improved slavery, despite the contradictions inherent in championing such a policy while maintaining a fierce drive for profits, were a powerful counter to a renewed abolitionist thrust against slavery in the mid to late 1820s. Gladstone showed that that the logic of gradual emancipation still had force in imperial thinking in this decade.
Innovative Exercise as an Intervention for Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Shellington Erin M. , Gill Dawn P. , Shigematsu Ryosuke , Petrella Robert J. 
Published: November 2018

RÉSUMÉL’exercice peut diminuer la morbidité associée à l’arthrose du genou. Nous avons réalisé une étude auprès de 22 participants avec arthrose du genou (68 % de femmes) ayant en moyenne 69,5 ans (ÉT : 7,4). Les participants ont été aléatoirement assignés à un groupe d’exercice de marche carrée (square-stepping exercise; SSE; 2 fois/semaine pour 24 semaines) ou à un groupe contrôle. Nous avons évalué la faisabilité (recrutement et présence) du SSE et son efficacité en lien avec les symptômes (WOMAC), l’équilibre (Fullerton), la mobilité (test de la chaise de 30 secondes) et la vitesse de marche après 12 et 24 semaines. Le groupe SSE avait un taux de présence de 49,3% et sa performance au test de la chaise de 30 secondes tendait à s’améliorer après 12 semaines (F=1,8, p=0,12, ηp2=0,16) et 24 semaines (F=3,4, p=0,09, ηp2=0,18), tout comme sa vitesse de marche à 24 semaines (F=2,4, p=0,14, ηp2=0,14), comparativement au groupe contrôle, en contrôlant pour les données de base. Aucune différence n’a été observée sur le plan des symptômes ou de l’équilibre. Les taux de présence et de recrutement faibles indiquent une faisabilité limitée du SSE chez les personnes âgées avec arthrose du genou. Les tendances observées suggèrent que le SSE peut améliorer la fonction du membre inférieur et la vitesse de marche. Les études futures sur le programme SSE devraient se pencher sur son efficacité en lien avec les symptômes et l’équilibre, et viser l’amélioration de sa faisabilité.
Childhood infections and common carotid intima media thickness in adolescence
Authors: Prins-van Ginkel A. C. , Bruijning-Verhagen P. C. J. , Wijga A. H. , Bots M. L. , Gehring U. , van der Hoek W. , Koppelman G. H. , van Rossem L. , Uiterwaal C. S. P. M. , Smit H. A. , van der Sande M. A. B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAtherosclerotic changes can be measured as changes in common carotid intima media thickness (CIMT). It is hypothesised that repeated infection-associated inflammatory responses in childhood contribute to the atherosclerotic process. We set out to determine whether the frequency of infectious diseases in childhood is associated with CIMT in adolescence. The study is part of the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) population-based birth cohort. At age 16 years, common CIMT was measured. We collected general practitioner (GP) diagnosed infections and prescribed antibiotics. Parent-reported infections were retrieved from annual questionnaires. Linear regression analysis assessed the association between number of infections during the first 4 years of life and common CIMT. Common CIMT measurement, GP and questionnaire data were available for 221 participants. No association was observed between the infection measures and CIMT. In a subgroup analysis, significant positive associations with CIMT were observed in participants with low parental education for 2–3 or ⩾7 GP diagnosed infections (+26.4 µm, 95% CI 0.4–52.4 and +26.8 µm, 95% CI 3.6–49.9, respectively) and ⩾3 antibiotic prescriptions (+35.5 µm, 95%CI 15.8–55.3). Overall, early childhood infections were not associated with common CIMT in adolescence. However, a higher number of childhood infections might contribute to the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis in subgroups with low education, this needs to be confirmed in future studies.
Profiles of primary and secondary callous-unemotional features in youth: The role of emotion regulation
Authors: Craig Stephanie G. , Moretti Marlene M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is increasing evidence for multiple pathways in the development of callous-unemotional (CU) features, including primary and secondary profiles. Understanding affect regulation strategies among variants may provide further insight to the development and treatment of CU features. This study evaluated whether profiles of CU features could be identified within a clinical sample of youth using measures of affect dysregulation, affect suppression, anxiety, and maltreatment. We also examined whether these profiles were consistent across gender. Participants (N= 418; 56.7% female) ranged in age from 12 to 19 years (M= 15.04,SD= 1.85) and were drawn from a clinical sample. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted using five indicators, including affect regulation, suppression, anxiety, CU features, and maltreatment. The best fitting model, a four-profile solution, included a low (low CU/dysregulation), anxious (low CU/high dysregulation), primary CU (high CU/low dysregulation), and secondary CU profile (high CU/dysregulation/maltreatment). LPAs found the same four-profile model when conducted separately for males and females. This is the first study to examine gender and include affect regulation strategies in the examination of primary and secondary profiles of CU.
Does ISO14001 raise firms' awareness of environmental protection? The case of Vietnam
Authors: Ni Bin , Tamechika Hanae , Otsuki Tsunehiro , Honda Keiichiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEnvironmental protection is an issue that all developing countries must cope with when inviting foreign direct investment (FDI). However, the high correlation between FDI and pollution does not necessarily indicate that foreign firms are to blame. In this study, we apply firm-level panel data from Vietnam and unique information on waste discharge to demonstrate that foreign firms are actually more proactive in acquiring ISO14001 certification. ISO14001 is a voluntary environmental standard, the adoption of which improves a firm's performance in terms of waste control, and increases its welfare and productivity level. This study provides robust evidence that firms' efforts toward corporate social responsibility eventually benefit them as well.
High-risk environments for eating foods surplus to requirements: a multilevel analysis of adolescents’ non-core food intake in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS)
Authors: Toumpakari Zoi , Tilling Kate , Haase Anne M , Johnson Laura 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveInterventions to reduce adolescents’ non-core food intake (i.e. foods high in fat and sugar) could target specific people or specific environments, but the relative importance of environmental contexts v. individual characteristics is unknown.DesignCross-sectional.SettingData from 4d food diaries in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008–2012 were analysed. NDNS food items were classified as ‘non-core’ based on fat and sugar cut-off points per 100g of food. Linear multilevel models investigated associations between ‘where’ (home, school, etc.) and ‘with whom’ (parents, friends, etc.) eating contexts and non-core food energy (kcal) per eating occasion (EO), adjusting for variables at the EO (e.g. time of day) and adolescent level (e.g. gender).ParticipantsAdolescents (n 884) aged 11–18 years.ResultsOnly 11 % of variation in non-core energy intake was attributed to differences between adolescents. In adjusted models, non-core food intake was 151 % higher (ratio; 95 % CI) in EO at ‘Eateries’ (2·51; 2·14, 2·95) and 88 % higher at ‘School’ (1·88; 1·65, 2·13) compared with ‘Home’. EO with ‘Friends’ (1·16; CI 1·03, 1·31) and ‘Family & friends’ (1·21; 1·07, 1·37) contained 16–21 % more non-core food compared with eating ‘Alone’. At the individual level, total energy intake and BMI, but not social class, gender or age, were weakly associated with more non-core energy intake.ConclusionsRegardless of individual characteristics, adolescents’ non-core food consumption was higher outside the home, especially at eateries. Targeting specific eating contexts, not individuals, may contribute to more effective public health interventions.
The Onset and Rate of Holocene Neoglacial Cooling in the Arctic
Authors: McKay Nicholas P. , Kaufman Darrell S. , Routson Cody C. , Erb Michael P. , Zander Paul D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe middle to late Holocene (8,200 years ago to present) in the Arctic is characterized by cooling temperatures and the regrowth and advance of glaciers. Whether this Neoglaciation was a threshold response to linear cooling, or was driven by a regional or Arctic‐wide acceleration of cooling, is unknown. Here we examine the largest‐yet‐compiled multiproxy database of Arctic Holocene temperature change, along with model simulations, to investigate regional and Arctic‐wide increases in cooling rate, the synchronicity of Neoglacial onset, and the observed and simulated rates of temperature change. We find little support for an Arctic‐wide onset of Neoglacial cooling but do find intervals when regions experienced rapid increases in long‐term cooling rate, both in the observations and in climate model simulations. In the model experiments, Neoglacial cooling is associated with indirectly forced millennial‐scale variability in meridional heat transport superposed on the long‐term decline of summer insolation.
Phosgene in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere: A Marker for Product Gas Injection Due to Chlorine‐Containing Very Short Lived Substances
Authors: Harrison Jeremy J. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Hossaini Ryan , Boone Christopher D. , Dhomse Sandip , Feng Wuhu , Bernath Peter F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhosgene in the atmosphere is produced via the degradation of carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, and a number of chlorine‐containing very short lived substances (VSLS). These VSLS are not regulated by the Montreal Protocol even though they contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion. While observations of VSLS can quantify direct stratospheric source gas injection, observations of phosgene in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere can be used as a marker of product gas injection of chlorine‐containing VSLS. In this work we report upper troposphere/lower stratosphere measurements of phosgene made by the ACE‐FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer) instrument and compare with results from the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT three‐dimensional chemical transport model to constrain phosgene trends over the 2004–2016 period. The 13‐year ACE‐FTS time series provides the first observational evidence for an increase in chlorine product gas injection. In 2016, VSLS accounted for 27% of modeled stratospheric phosgene, up from 20% in the mid‐2000s.
Tomography of Southern California Via Bayesian Joint Inversion of Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity and Phase Velocity From Ambient Noise Cross‐Correlations
Authors: Berg E. M. , Lin F.‐C. , Allam A. , Qiu H. , Shen W. , Ben‐Zion Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA self‐consistent regional‐scale seismic velocity model with resolution from seismogenic depth to the surface is crucial for seismic hazard assessment. Though Southern California is the most seismically imaged region in the world, techniques with high near‐surface sensitivity have been applied only in disparate local areas and have not been incorporated into a unified model with deeper resolution. In the present work, we obtain isotropic values for Rayleigh wave phase velocity and ellipticity in Southern California by cross‐correlating daily time series from the year 2015 across 315 regional stations in period ranges 6 to 18 s. Leveraging the complementary sensitivity of the two Rayleigh wave data sets, we combine H/V and phase velocity measurements to determine a new 3‐D shear velocity model in a Bayesian joint inversion framework. The new model has greatly improved shallow resolution compared to the Southern California Earthquake Center CVMS4.26 reference model. Well‐known large‐scale features common to previous studies are resolved, including velocity contrasts across the San Andreas, San Jacinto, Garlock, and Elsinore faults, midcrustal high‐velocity structure beneath the Mojave Desert, and shallow Moho beneath the Salton Trough. Other prominent features that have previously only been imaged in focused local studies include the correct sedimentary thickness of the southern Central Valley, fold structure of the Ventura and Oak Ridge Anticlines, and velocity contrast across the Newport‐Inglewood fault. The new shallow structure will greatly impact simulation‐based studies of seismic hazard, especially in the near‐surface low‐velocity zones beneath densely populated areas like the Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and Ventura Basins.