bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density Functional Study of the Electronic, Elastic and Optical Properties of Bi2O2Te
Authors: Chen Jia-Xin , Zhao Xiao-Ge , Dong Xing-Xing , Lv Zhen-Long , Cui Hong-Ling 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Layered crystal Bi2O2Te has recently been found to have high electron mobility and excellent thermoelectric properties for technical applications; however, its other properties are not well studied yet. In this work, the electronic, elastic and optical properties of Bi2O2Te are systematically studied using the density functional method. The results indicate that Bi2O2Te is a narrow band gap semiconductor. The gap is formed by the Te 5p orbital at the top of the valence band and the Bi 6p orbital at the bottom of the conduction band. There are both ionic and covalent interactions within the Bi–O layers, and these layers are linked by the ionic Bi–Te bonds forming the crystal. Bi2O2Te is mechanically stable but anisotropic. It is easy to fracture along the c axis under shear stress. Its shear modulus is far smaller than its bulk modulus, so shape deformation is easier to occur than pure volume change. Its melting point is predicted to be 1284.0 K based on an empirical formula. The calculated refractive index at zero frequency reveals that Bi2O2Te is a negative uniaxial crystal with a birefringence of 0.51, making it a potential tuning material for optical application. The characteristics and origins of other optical properties are also discussed.
A new ursane-type triterpene oxoglucopyranoside from Crossopteryx febrifuga
Authors: Kayangar Modjinan , Ngansop Nono Raymond , Kühlborn Jonas , Tchuenguem Roland , Ponou Beaudelaire K. , Jenett-Siems Kristina , Teponno Rémy B. , Dzoyem Jean P. , Opatz Till , Melzig Matthias F. , Tapondjou Léon A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A new saponin, 3-O-β-d-3-oxo-glucopyranosyl-ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (1), was isolated from the methanol extract of stem bark of Crossopteryx febrifuga together with the known 3β-d-glucopyranosyl-ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (2), shanzhiside methyl ester (3), shanzhiside (4), β-sitosterol (5), β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (7), hederagenin (8), and oleanolic acid (9). The structures were established by comprehensive interpretation of their spectral data 1D- (1H and 13C), 2D-NMR (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC), spectroscopic, and electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. The isolated compounds and extracts were screened for their antibacterial properties. Although the EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 32 μg/mL, compounds 2 and 8 showed moderate activity against Enterococcus faecalis with MIC values of 256 and 128 μg/mL, respectively. The new compound (1) exhibited a moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 512 μg/mL.
β-Secretase BACE1 Is Required for Normal Cochlear Function
Authors: Dierich Marlen , Hartmann Stephanie , Dietrich Nadine , Moeser Philip , Brede Franziska , Johnson Chacko Lejo , Tziridis Konstantin , Schilling Achim , Krauss Patrick , Hessler Sabine , Karch Sandra , Schrott-Fischer Anneliese , Blumer Michael , Birchmeier Carmen , Oliver Dominik , Moser Tobias , Schulze Holger , Alzheimer Christian , Leitner Michael G. , Huth Tobias 
Published: September 2019

Cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase BACE1 initiates the production and accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid-β peptides, which is widely considered an essential pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report that BACE1 is essential for normal auditory function. Compared with wild-type littermates, BACE1−/−mice of either sex exhibit significant hearing deficits, as indicated by increased thresholds and reduced amplitudes in auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and decreased distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Immunohistochemistry revealed aberrant synaptic organization in the cochlea and hypomyelination of auditory nerve fibers as predominant neuropathological substrates of hearing loss in BACE1−/−mice. In particular, we found that fibers of spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) close to the organ of Corti are disorganized and abnormally swollen. BACE1 deficiency also engenders organization defects in the postsynaptic compartment of SGN fibers with ectopic overexpression of PSD95 far outside the synaptic region. During postnatal development, auditory fiber myelination in BACE1−/−mice lags behind dramatically and remains incomplete into adulthood. We relate the marked hypomyelination to the impaired processing of Neuregulin-1 when BACE1 is absent. To determine whether the cochlea of adult wild-type mice is susceptible to AD treatment-like suppression of BACE1, we administered the established BACE1 inhibitor NB-360 for 6 weeks. The drug suppressed BACE1 activity in the brain, but did not impair hearing performance and, upon neuropathological examination, did not produce the characteristic cochlear abnormalities of BACE1−/−mice. Together, these data strongly suggest that the hearing loss of BACE1 knock-out mice represents a developmental phenotype.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGiven its crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), BACE1 is a prime pharmacological target for AD prevention and therapy. However, the safe and long-term administration of BACE1-inhibitors as envisioned in AD requires a comprehensive understanding of the various physiological functions of BACE1. Here, we report that BACE1 is essential for the processing of auditory signals in the inner ear, as BACE1-deficient mice exhibit significant hearing loss. We relate this deficit to impaired myelination and aberrant synapse formation in the cochlea, which manifest during postnatal development. By contrast, prolonged pharmacological suppression of BACE1 activity in adult wild-type mice did not reproduce the hearing deficit or the cochlear abnormalities of BACE1 null mice.
Selective Sweep at a QTL in a Randomly Fluctuating Environment
Authors: Chevin Luis-Miguel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Adaptation is mediated by phenotypic traits that are often near continuous, and undergo selective pressures that may change with the environment. The dynamics of allelic frequencies at underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL) depend on their own phenotypic effects, but also possibly on other polymorphic loci affecting the same trait, and on environmental change driving phenotypic selection. Most environments include a substantial component of random noise, characterized both by its magnitude and its temporal autocorrelation, which sets the timescale of environmental predictability. I investigate the dynamics of a mutation affecting a quantitative trait in an autocorrelated stochastic environment that causes random fluctuations of an optimum phenotype. The trait under selection may also exhibit background polygenic variance caused by many polymorphic loci of small effects elsewhere in the genome. In addition, the mutation at the QTL may affect phenotypic plasticity, the phenotypic response of given genotype to its environment of development or expression. Stochastic environmental fluctuations increase the variance of the evolutionary process, with consequences for the probability of a complete sweep at the QTL. Background polygenic variation critically alters this process, by setting an upper limit to stochastic variance of population genetics at the QTL. For a plasticity QTL, stochastic fluctuations also influences the expected selection coefficient, and alleles with the same expected trajectory can have very different stochastic variances. Finally, a mutation may be favored through its effect on plasticity despite causing a systematic mismatch with optimum, which is compensated by evolution of the mean background phenotype.
How the New Technologies Shapes the Understanding of the Political Act: the case of Digital Vigilantism
Authors: Dementavičienė Augustė 
Published: September 2019

This paper is part of a bigger project where I try to evaluate and merge different philosophical and sociological approaches in order to understand and show how new technologies could change political life. This article aims to propose conceptual instruments suitable for that endeavor through the analysis of a small example of postmodern life – Digital Vigilantism – and based on ideas of Daniel Trottier, Zygmunt Bauman, and Michel Foucault. The swarm is a metaphor used by Zygmunt Bauman to show how the understanding of communities is changed in liquid modernity. Swarms are based on untied, uncontrolled, short-term relationships between consumers/users that are formed with the express purpose of achieving some goals. Swarms could be massive in numbers and have a lot of power for a quite short period. One such example could be Digital Vigilantism, which is an act of punishing certain citizens – those believed to be deserving of punishment by Internet users. One particular form of digital vigilantism is disclosing someone’s personal information (addresses, phone numbers, emails, Facebook accounts, etc.) for everybody to see in order to spread shaming acts. The acts of DV sometimes gain enough power to change the political agenda. The problem is that the interest of people to solve certain issues is often extremely short; meanwhile, a sustainable political act/change requires an active and stable effort for a much longer period. The main intrigue lies in whether the political act itself can change from being influenced by the swarm effect.
Service Users as Collaborators in Social Work Practice, Research, and Education
Authors: Cabiati Elena , Panciroli Chiara 
Published: September 2019

The idea that social work needs to be concerned with thinking and acting in a more collaborative way with the people in need is common around the world. At the international level, codes of ethics and social work principles inspire practitioners, researchers, and educators in bridging the gap between themselves and people in trouble, commonly known as service users. Beyond a common agreement around such principle, to realize collaborative relationships in practice is a challenge that requires prudence, coherence, and methodology. The Relational social work method supports the practical development of participation, collaboration, and reciprocity. Through concepts and examples, this article aims to describe how service users can assume the role of collaborators in social practice, research, and education.
Court-Ordered Compulsory Psychiatric Care and the Prosecutor’s Control Function
Authors: Holst Øyvind 
Published: September 2019

The health care system is responsible for the implementation of court-ordered compulsory psychiatric care. In order to ensure that the health care system fulfills the statutory responsibility for crime protection, the legislature has added a control function to the prosecuting authority. Case law shows that the courts place emphasis on this control function in assessing whether court-ordered compulsory psychiatric care is necessary to protect society. This article highlights the prosecution’s legal remedies and professional prerequisites for fulfilling the control function.
Siirt şehrinde kişilere karşı işlenen suçların coğrafi analizi
Authors: YILMAZ ÇİLDAM Semra 
Published: September 2019

İnsanlık tarihi kadar eski olan şiddet olgusu, zamana ve topluma göre değişebilmektedir. Birçok bilimin ortak çalışma alanı olan suç kavramı, insan–mekân ilişkisi açısından coğrafyanın çalışma alanlarından biri olmuştur. Şehirlerde daha fazla suç işlendiği için çalışma alanı olarak şehir yerleşmesi seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmada 2018 yılında Siirt şehrinde polis sorumluluk bölgesi içinde meydana gelen kişilere karşı işlenen suç türlerinin mekânsal dağılışı ve bu dağılışın nedenleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada Siirt İl Emniyet Müdürlüğü (Çocuk Şube Karakolu, Cumhuriyet Karakolu, Yenimahalle Karakolu), Siirt Belediye Başkanlığı ve TÜİK’ten alınan veriler kullanılmıştır. Siirt’te 2018 yılında toplam 1642 adet kişilere karşı suç işlenmiştir. Bu suçlar içinde ilk sırayı kasten yaralama (1079) suçu alırken, en az işlenen suç türü adam öldürme (13) suçudur. Elde edilen veriler kullanılarak Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ile dağılış haritaları oluşturulmuş ve çeşitli grafik ve tablolar ile konu aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlar zaman ve mekân kavramının suç üzerinde doğrudan etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Suçların mekânsal dağılışında mahalleler arasındaki sosyo-ekonomik farlılıklar ile arazi kullanım yapısı etkili olmuştur. Kişiye karşı işlenen suçların yaz aylarında daha fazla işlendiği görülmektedir. Şehrin suç tepeleri Bahçelievler, Yeni mahalle ve Barış mahalleleri iken; şehirde suçun en az işlendiği alanlar ise Halenze, Ülkü ve Karakol mahalleleridir.
A Combined HOTS-Based Assessment/STEM Learning Model to Improve Secondary Students’ Thinking Skills: A Development and Evaluation Study
Authors: ROSİDİN Undang , SUYANTA Agus , ABDURRAHMAN Abdurrahman 
Published: September 2019

An integrated STEM education has been used for a long time to improve Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) of students. This skills covered the capability to analyze, evaluate, and create which can be enhanced by implementing a right learning model, materials, and assessment. This study aims to develop and evaluate a combined HOTS-based assessment/STEM learning model to improve the students’ thinking skills. A proposed model was designed by following the seven steps of Borg &amp; Gall research and development. The impact of this model was evaluated by analyzing the average gain of pretest-posttest and Tukey signification difference test compared to a conventional STEM model. The result showed a significant difference between two treatments (t-value = 4.63; p &lt; 0.001). It also conform a better improvements of students’ thinking skills by our model based on the analysis of gain score distribution. Keywords: STEM learning model, HOTS-based assessment, research and development, secondary students
Epidemiology and characteristics of complicated injuries in patients with spinal fractures as a result of catatrauma
Authors: Kazakova E. Yu. , Grin A. A. 
Published: September 2019

The study objectiveis to identify the features of diagnosis of patients with spinal cord injuries, resulting from falls from a height.Materials and methods.The data from 148 patients who were treated at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in the period from 01.01.2011 to 04.01.2016 were analyzed. Of these, 98 patients (the studied group) were injured in the spinal column as a result of a fall from a height of more than 2 m, 50 people (the comparison group) suffered in traffic accidents. We used clinical data, laboratory and radiological diagnostic methods. The severity of injuries in spinal injury was assessed according to the Injury Severity Score. When assessing the neurological status in spinal patients, the ASIA (American Spine Injury Assosiation) scale was used.Results.Significant differences in age (p = 0.57) and sex (p = 0.24) in the groups were not observed. More often at night: in the period from 00:00 to 6:00 in the morning – 44 (44.9 %) patients. There were significantly more patients with combined spinal injury in the studied group – 60 (61.2 %) than in the comparison group – 24 (48 %) (p <0.05). The assessment of the severity of the patients showed that the proportion of victims with severe neurological disorders (ASIA A) in the studied group was 30.6 % (30 victims), while in the comparison group the number of such patients was significantly lower – 3 (6.0 %) patients (p <0.05). The average score on the Injury Severity scale in the studied group was 25.7 ± 5.5, in the comparison group – 26.3 ± 6.1. There were no significant intergroup differences in this indicator.Conclusion.Spinal cord injuries in catatrauma in 61.2 % of patients were accompanied by combined injuries of the internal organs and the musculoskeletal system. In 25.5 % of patients with catatrauma craniocerebral lesions were detected. On the ASIA scale, the proportion of victims with the most pronounced neurological disorders (ASIA A) was 30.6 %, and in the event of an accident – 6.0 %; to ASIA E – 36.8 % (in case of an accident – 64.0 %).
In vitro effects of iron chelation of curcumin Fe (III) complex
Authors: ÖZBOLAT Gülüzar , YEGANİ Arash Alizadeh 
Published: September 2019

urpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity effect, iron chelator and antioxidant activities of iron (III) ions with curcumin ligand that may be used in the treatment of iron overload. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic activities of the ligand and the complex were evaluated by the MTT assay. The SOD activity of the complex of curcumin was determined by using its ability to inhibit the reduction of NBT. The catalytic activity studies of Fe(III) complex in DMSO towards the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide were also performed.Results: The IC50 values are found in 6.8 μM catalase activity was measured. Where at a concentration of 2.0 mM, the activity was equivalent to 183.30 U/L. The complex shows a catalase activity. The complex showed minimal toxicity. IC50 values found 5.3 mg/ml. The observed cytotoxicity could be pursued to obtain a potential drug. The iron chelator effects were determined by Ferrozine reagent. Curcumin, the most active extract interfered with the formation of ferrous and ferrozine complex. It demonstrated strong chelating activities. The result showed that the complexes possess considerable SOD activity. This finding indicates that the iron complex is capable of removing free radicals. Conclusion: The study results revealed that the iron(III) complex of curcumin with an appropriate potential drug may act as a protector against oxidative stress. Therefore, all results suggest that curcumin may represent a new approach in the treatment of iron overload.
Bölgemizdeki inflamatuar barsak hastalıkları tanılı olguların insidansı, demografik ve klinik özellikleri
Authors: ÖZER ÇAKIR Özlem 
Published: September 2019

Giriş ve Amaç:
Bu çalışmada üçüncü basamak hastanemizde son bir yıldır inflamatuvar barsak
hastalıkları tanısı ile takip ve tedavi edilen hastaların klinik ve demografik
özelliklerinin incelenmesi ve nüfusa göre yıllık insidans ve prevalansının
belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem:
Bu retrospektif çalışmada, Temmuz 2017 ile Temmuz 2018 arasında Alanya Alaaddin
Keykubat Üniversitesi Alanya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’ne başvuran
inflamatuvar barsak hastalığı tanılı hastaların klinik ve demografik bilgileri
kayıt edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya
111 hasta (53’ü ülseratif kolit, 48’i Crohn hastalığı, 10’u indetermine kolit)
dahil edildi. Ülseratif kolit, Crohn hastalığı ve indetermine kolit hastalarında
ortalama yaş ve cinsiyet dağılımları anlamlı farklılık göstermedi. Ülseratif kolit hastalığı %50.9 ile
erkek cinsiyette daha sık görülürken, Crohn hastalığı %52.1 ile kadın
cinsiyette ve indetermine kolit ise %70 ile erkek cinsiyette daha sık
görülmekte idi. Sonuç: Yaşlara göre dağılımlara bakıldığında,
bölgemizde ülseratif kolit 40-49 yaş
aralığında %60 ile en sık görülürken, Crohn hastalığının ise 19-29 yaş
aralığında %53.8 ve ≥60 yaşta %57.1 olmak üzere bimodal
pik yaptığını izledik. Ülseratif kolit için insidans her 100 000’de
3.67 iken, Crohn hastalığı için her 100 000’de 7.34 olup, indetermine kolit
için ise her 100 000’de 1.33 olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Alterations in the chondrocyte surfaceome in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Jeremiasse Bernadette , Matta Csaba , Fellows Christopher R. , Boocock David J. , Smith Julia R. , Liddell Susan , Lafeber Floris , Spil Willem E. van , Mobasheri Ali 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Chondrocytes are exposed to an inflammatory micro-environment in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage in joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In OA, degenerative changes and low-grade inflammation within the joint transform the behaviour and metabolism of chondrocytes, disturb the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation, and alter the osmolality and ionic composition of the micro-environment. We hypothesize that chondrocytes adjust their physiology to the inflammatory microenvironment by modulating the expression of cell surface proteins, collectively referred to as the ‘surfaceome’. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the surfaceome of primary equine chondrocytes isolated from healthy joints following exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Methods: We employed combined methodology that we recently developed for investigating the surfaceome in stem cells. Membrane proteins were isolated using an aminooxy-biotinylation technique and analysed by mass spectrometry using high throughput shotgun proteomics. Results: Amongst the 431 unique cell surface proteins identified, a high percentage of low-abundance proteins, such as ion channels, receptors and transporter molecules were detected. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014773. A high number of proteins exhibited different levels of expression following chondrocyte stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines.LPR-1, thrombospondin, VDAC1-2 and annexin A1 were considered to be of special interest and were analysed further and validated by western blotting. Conclusions: Our results provide, for the first time, a repository for proteomic data on differentially expressed low-abundance membrane proteins on the surface of chondrocytes in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli.
A novel PCR method targeting staphostatin genes differentiates Staphylococcus aureus from Staphylococcus epidermidis in clinical isolates and nasal microbiome samples
Authors: Ghattas Marina Zoheir , ElRakaiby Marwa Tarek , Aziz Ramy Karam , Zedan Hamdallah H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen associated with community-acquired and healthcare-associated infections, and is known for rapid acquisition of resistance to multiple antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis is another staphylococcal species commonly seen as a commensal, but may cause opportunistic infections. These two closely related species may naturally co-colonize and inhabit the human skin and nose; thus it is important to develop methods to differentiate between them. Conventional differentiation methods (e.g., mannitol salt agar, coagulase test, Analytical Profile Index kits) require culturing and isolating the bacteria, while molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or sequencing are culture independent, highly accurate, and sensitive. They may be objectively interpreted and can be adapted for high-throughput assays. Here, we aimed to develop a rapid and accurate method to differentiate mixtures of S. aureus and S. epidermidis in clinical isolates and microbiome samples. Using comparative genomics tools (e.g., MetaRef and PATRIC bioinformatics resource center), we compared the core and pan genomes of S. aureus and S. epidermidis to determine signature genes for each species. Among candidate genes, we chose the virulence genes, staphostatin B and staphostatin A as genetic biomarkers for S. aureus and S. epidermidis, respectively. We designed PCR primers that target specific sequences within each gene and tested them on DNA isolated from laboratory strains, clinical isolates, nasal isolates, and nasal swabs. Our developed method is simple, specific, sensitive, and can be applied to metagenomic samples as well as competition or co-evolution studies in which the two organisms are co-cultured.