bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition and cognitive load in fractions and decimals
Authors: Avgerinou Vana A. , Tolmie Andrew 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundPrior research with adults and children suggests that inhibitory control may have a role to play in learning counterintuitive fractions and decimals that are inconsistent with whole number knowledge. However, there is little research to date with primary school‐aged children at the early stages of fraction and decimal instruction that addresses this relationship. Understanding this association has the potential to inform instructional practices concerning the learning of counterintuitive maths concepts.AimThis study examined the relationship between inhibitory control and counterintuitive fractions and decimals in the presence of varying cognitive load in 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children.MethodsChildren aged 8–10 years (N = 95) completed a fraction and decimal magnitude comparison task with pairs that were either consistent (controls) or inconsistent (counterintuitive) with whole number magnitudes. Cognitive load was manipulated by presenting trials with simple integrated text (no additional load), with integrated text accompanied by supportive illustrations (low load), or with illustrations containing information that needed to be integrated to arrive at an answer (high load). Participants also completed measures of response and semantic inhibition.ResultsInhibitory control uniquely contributed to performance in counterintuitive fractions and decimals only under conditions of high cognitive load, where low semantic inhibition predicted longer response times.ConclusionOur results indicate a more nuanced relation between inhibitory control and counterintuitive fractions and decimals than presumed by previous research. They suggest that the role of inhibitory control when reasoning about counterintuitive fractions and decimals is not constant, and it is only drawn on at high levels of cognitive load.
Targeted therapy paves the way for the cure of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Rafei Hind , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Jabbour Elias J. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), primarily due to the development of targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BCR‐ABL1 tyrosine kinase, monoclonal antibodies targeting cell surface antigens (CD19, CD20 and CD22), bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T‐ cell therapy. A number of new therapies have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the past 5 years, including blinatumomab in 2014, inotuzumab ozagamicin in 2017 and tisagenlecleucel in 2017 for relapsed/refractory ALL. This has led to tremendous improvement in long‐term survival, of more than 50% in patients with precursor B‐ALL [50–70% in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive ALL)], 50–60% in T‐ALL and 80% in mature B‐ALL. Research is ongoing to optimize the benefit of targeted therapeutics with the goal of decreasing the use of cytotoxic therapies.
Multi‐dimensional analysis identifies an immune signature predicting response to decitabine treatment in elderly patients with AML
Authors: Zhao Chenchen , Jia Bei , Wang Ming , Schell Todd D. , Claxton David F. , Ehmann W Christopher , Rybka Witold B. , Mineishi Shin , Naik Seema , Songdej Natthapol , Sivik Jeff M. , Hohl Raymond J. , Zeng Hui , Zheng Hong 
Published: October 2019

SummaryDecitabine is a DNA‐hypomethylating agent that has been widely applied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients who are elderly or unfit for intensive therapy. Although effective, the complete response rate to decitabine is only around 30% and the overall survival remains poor. Emerging data support that regulation of DNA methylation is critical to control immune cell development, differentiation and activation. We hypothesize that defining how decitabine influences the immune responses in AML will facilitate the development of novel immune‐based leukaemia therapeutics. Here, we performed phenotypic and functional immune analysis on clinical samples from AML patients receiving decitabine treatment and demonstrated a significant impact of decitabine on the immune system. T‐cell expression of inhibitory molecules was upregulated and the ability of CD8 T cells to produce cytokines was decreased upon decitabine treatment. Importantly, in an unbiased comprehensive analysis, we identified a unique immune signature containing a cluster of key immune markers that clearly separate patients who achieved complete remission after decitabine from those who failed to do so. Therefore, this immune signature has a strong predictive value for clinical response. Collectively, our study suggests that immune‐based analyses may predict clinical response to decitabine and provide a therapeutic strategy to improve the treatment of AML.
Vegetarian diet and its possible influence on dental health: A systematic literature review
Authors: Smits Kirsten P. J. , Listl Stefan , Jevdjevic Milica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesPeople following a vegetarian diet could be more prone to oral health problems than people following a nonvegetarian diet. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the possible impacts of following a vegetarian diet on dental hard tissues, focusing on caries development, dental erosion and number of natural teeth.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched systematically up until 17 April 2019. Original studies comparing dental health (exclusively focusing on dental hard tissues) in vegetarians and nonvegetarians were selected. Study characteristics and outcome data were extracted, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. When a dental health characteristic was reported in three or more papers in a comparable way, a meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsTwenty‐one papers reporting on 18 studies were included in this review. In meta‐analyses, the vegetarian diet was associated with a higher risk for dental erosion (odds ratio: 2.40 [95% confidence interval: 1.24, 4.66]; P = .009) and a lower decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score (mean difference: −0.15 [95% confidence interval: −0.29, −0.02]; P = .023), although the quality of most included studies was poor and the findings for DMFT score became insignificant when only studies on adults were included in the meta‐analysis. A meta‐analysis for the other dental characteristics was not possible due to the limited number of eligible studies. There was inconsistent evidence for a link between following a vegetarian diet and dental caries or the number of natural teeth.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the present study, the findings suggest that following a vegetarian diet may be associated with a greater risk of dental erosion.
A novel homozygous CFAP65 mutation in humans causes male infertility with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella
Authors: Zhang Xueguang , Shen Ying , Wang Xiang , Yuan Guiping , Zhang Chaoliang , Yang Yihong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder associated with male infertility. To date, 14 genetic causative genes have been identified in MMAF, which can only explain the genetic causes of ~60% of MMAF cases. Here, we report a man with primary infertility, who had a typical MMAF phenotype. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the patient and a homozygous mutation (c. 2675 G>A [p. Trp892*]) was identified in cilia and flagella‐associated protein 65 (CFAP65) gene, which is primarily expressed in the testis. Another loss‐of‐function mutation of CFAP65 has been detected in a MMAF patient, and the orthologue of CFAP65 also plays a vital role in sperm motility in chickens. Our experimental observations on human subjects suggested that CFAP65 is involved in sperm flagellum structure and assembly and that loss‐of‐function mutations could lead to male infertility in humans by causing the MMAF phenotype.
Evaluating empowerment in genetic counseling using patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Yuen Jeanette , Lee Suat Y. , Courtney Eliza , Lim John , Soh Hazel , Li Shao T. , Chen Yanni , McAllister Marion , Fenwick Eva K. , Ngeow Joanne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractData about patient reported outcomes from cancer genetics services (CGS) are lacking but are essential to guide service evaluation and improvements. We measured improvement in empowerment, following genetic counseling in Singapore using a culturally‐adapted version of the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS‐24); and sought to identify factors associated with change in empowerment. The GCOS‐24 was administered to 155 patients of the CGS, at pre‐ and post‐counseling or testing timepoints. Of which, 110 patients underwent genetic testing. Individual pre‐ and post‐counseling responses were subjected to Rasch analysis; the scale was subsequently split into cognitive control (CC) and emotional control (EC) domains. Associations of baseline characteristics with changes in pre‐ and post‐CC and EC scores were assessed using multiple regression analysis. Both CC and EC scores showed significant improvement following genetic counseling and testing. While all items in the CC domain of being showed increases at follow‐up, aspects of EC related to alleviating negative emotions (P = .88) and hopelessness (P = .2) did not show significant improvement. Our study revealed significant improvement in empowerment in patients who have received cancer genetic counseling, while revealing a need to cultivate hope and facilitate the alleviation of negative emotions in patients during genetic counseling.
Relative contributions of implant hydrophilicity and nanotopography to implant anchorage in bone at Early Time Points
Authors: Liddell Robert S. , Liu Zhen‐Mei , Mendes Vanessa C. , Davies John E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the contributions of implant hydrophilicity and nanotopography on anchorage in bone. The effect of elevated calcium surface chemistry on bone anchorage was also investigated.Materials and MethodsA full factorial study design was implemented to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light and/or sodium lactate (SL) and discrete crystalline deposition of nanocrystals (DCD) treatments on the osseointegration of dual acid‐etched (AE) titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and grit blasted and AE (BAE) commercially pure titanium (CpTi) implants. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)‐treated CpTi implants were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) to increase calcium surface chemistry. Implants were placed in the femora of Wistar rats and tested using pull‐out testing (BAE implants: 5, 9, 14 days) or tensile testing (AE implants: 9 days, NaOH implants: 28 days).ResultsTi6Al4V‐AE implants with DCD‐ and UV‐treated surfaces significantly increased bone anchorage compared with untreated Ti6Al4V‐AE alloy implants. Pull‐out testing of BAE‐CpTi implants with the DCD treatment showed increased disruption force values compared with surfaces without the DCD treatment at 5, 9 and 14 days by 4.1N, 13.9N and 15.5N, respectively, and UV‐treated implants showed an increase at 14 days by 8.4N. No difference was found between NaOH + SBF and NaOH + H2O groups.ConclusionsBone anchorage of implants was found to be improved by UV‐treating implants or nanotopographically complex surfaces. However, implant nanotopography was found to have a greater contribution to the overall bone anchorage and is more consistent compared with the time‐dependent nature of the UV treatment.
Distinguishing bowenoid papulosis from Bowen disease in the mouth: A case report
Authors: Ferreira Jean C. B. , de Paula Henrique M. , Caixeta Gustavo N. , Mendonça Elismauro F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBowenoid papulosis (BPap) is an uncommon skin disorder linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and characterized clinically by the presence of scattered papules or small plaques, multiple and pigmented, that involve the stratified squamous epithelium. Bowen disease (BD) is recognized as the main differential diagnosis of BPap. An 80‐year old white woman was referred for the evaluation of multiple, brown verrucous papules measuring 3 to 4 mm in diameter on the right maxillary gingiva. Histopathological analysis revealed disturbed epithelial maturation with papillary stratified squamous epithelium, koilocytic dysplasia, parakeratosis, acanthosis, basal double‐layer, loss of cellular polarity, nuclear hyperchromatism and pleomorphism, scattered mitosoid bodies, and a high degree of cytologic atypia. An immunohistochemical investigation for p53 and Ki67 showed staining of the basal and suprabasal layer, while p16 was strongly expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells and Bcl‐2 was positive only in mitosoid bodies and the lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate. In situ DNA hybridization was negative for HPV. Oral BPap is an uncommon lesion in which the diagnostic process includes clinical, histopathological, and molecular correlations due to the similarity to aggressive behavior lesions such as BD.
A concise review of angiofibroma of soft tissue: A rare newly described entity that can be encountered by dermatopathologists
Authors: Mindiola‐Romero Andres E. , Maloney Nolan , Bridge Julia A. , Korkolopoulou Penelope , Sakellariou Stratigoula , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAngiofibroma of soft tissue (AFST) is a newly described, rare mesenchymal neoplasm with fibroblastic and vascular components; it can be seen in both sexes and in a broad age range. It presents as a slowly enlarging mass, most often in the deep tissues of the upper and lower extremities, but occasionally in a superficial location where it may be encountered by dermatopathologists. It has a benign clinical course with a very low probability of recurrence after complete excision. This lesion has a prominent vasculature and may have an infiltrative growth pattern. These features could lead to a misdiagnosis, such as malignant vascular tumor, by an unwary dermatopathologist. The diagnosis of AFST initially relied solely on morphology and immunohistochemistry but, more recently, molecular studies have begun to play a role. Because of the potential for misdiagnosis, we present this review to raise awareness.
China's Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia and the Middle East
Authors: Hoh Anchi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChina's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) aims at connecting the continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa through a combination of infrastructure projects and soft‐power programs. All of the six land bridges and maritime routes under the BRI extend westward, mostly passing through Central Asia and the Middle East on land or by sea. Cooperation with countries in these regions will, according to China's design, meet its domestic energy needs, and grow the country's economy. China recognizes, however, that in Central Asia and the Middle East, the risks posed by what it calls the “Three Evils” — terrorism, extremism, and separatism can impact the success of the BRI. They can also impact stability in its own adjacent areas, including Xinjiang. Therefore, in concert with the BRI, China is also identifying and deploying bilateral and multilateral diplomatic mechanisms aimed at security coordination with BRI countries in these two volatile regions. This article provides an overview of BRI developments in the two regions and examines some of the diplomatic mechanisms China is using to coordinate security and reduce risks.
The Rise in Power of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman
Authors: Cochran Judith A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCrown Prince Mohammed bin Salman is moving across the international stage as the future King of Saudi Arabia. He has the support of his father, Saudi royals, and the oil income of his country. He also has 10‐year plan he agreed upon with the King called Vision 2030. The three components of the Vision are to diversify the oil‐based economy to include technology and tourism, to make the country the heart of Islam and Arab culture and to become the economic and geographic hub of Asia/Europe and Africa. His rise in power will depend upon his skill in expanding the religious tolerance of Saudi people, the current economic structure of the country, and the education of the youth. He is simultaneously addressing all these challenges in order to cement the country's future sustainability. Suggestions for enhancing his multifaceted impact on his country are provided.
Boundary line models for soil nutrient concentrations and wheat yield in national‐scale datasets
Authors: Lark Richard M. , Gillingham Vincent , Langton David , Marchant Ben P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn boundary line analysis a biological response (e.g., crop yield) is assumed to be a function of a variable (e.g., soil nutrient concentration), which limits the response in only some subset of observations because other limiting factors also apply. The response function is therefore expressed by an upper boundary of the plot of the response against the variable. This model has been used in various branches of soil science. In this paper we apply it to the analysis of some large datasets, originating from commercial farms in England and Wales, on the recorded yield of wheat and measured concentrations of soil nutrients in within‐field soil management zones. We considered boundary line models for the effects of potassium (K), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) on yield, comparing the model with a simple bivariate normal distribution or a bivariate normal censored at a constant maximum yield. We were able to show, using likelihood‐based methods, that the boundary line model was preferable in most cases. The boundary line model suggested that the standard RB209 soil nutrient index values (Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, nutrient management guide (RB209), 2017) are robust and apply at the within‐field scale. However, there was evidence that wheat yield could respond to additional Mg at concentrations above index 0, contrary to RB209 guidelines. Furthermore, there was evidence that the boundary line model for yield and P differs between soils at different pH and depth intervals, suggesting that shallow soils with larger pH require a larger target P index than others.Highlights
Boundary line analysis is one way to examine how soil variables influence crop yield in large datasets.
We showed that boundary line models could be applied to large datasets on soil nutrients and crop yield.
The resulting models are consistent with current practice for P and K, but not for Mg.
Models suggest that more refined recommendations for P requirement could be based on soil pH and depth.
Responses of soil inorganic and organic carbon stocks of alpine meadows to the disturbance by plateau pikas
Authors: Pang Xiao Pan , Wang Qian , Zhang Jing , Xu Hai Peng , Zhang Wen Na , Wang Juan , Guo Zheng Gang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSmall burrowing herbivores create extensive disturbances to grassland soil, which may change carbon cycling. We focused on the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) to simultaneously investigate the responses of the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks of alpine meadows to the disturbance caused by this small burrowing herbivore and its disturbance intensity at the plot scale across five sites on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. The percentage of bare soil area in a disturbed plot was used as a proxy for the disturbance intensity of plateau pikas. Our study found that the disturbance by plateau pikas reduced the SIC stock and increased the SOC stock, whereas it had no effect on the soil total carbon (STC) stock. Our study also found that the SOC and STC stocks were higher at intermediate disturbance intensities of plateau pikas, whereas the SIC stock showed a decreasing trend as the disturbance intensity of plateau pikas increased. Our findings suggest that intermediate disturbance intensities of a small burrowing herbivore (plateau pika) improve soil quality by increasing the SOC stock and benefit soil carbon sequestration by increasing the STC stock.HighlightsExplored the SIC and SOC stocks simultaneously in relation to the disturbance by a small burrowing herbivore.Soil carbon stocks were evaluated at plot scale across five sites.SIC and SOC stocks responded differently to the disturbance by plateau pika and its disturbance intensity.The intermediate disturbance intensities were good for the soil quality and soil carbon sequestration.
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome and incident dementia: results from a population‐based prospective and observational cohort study
Authors: Beauchet O. , Sekhon H. , Launay C.P. , Rolland Y. , Schott A.‐M. , Allali G. 
Published: October 2019

Background and purposeMotoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), which is the juncture of subjective cognitive complaint and slow gait speed, is a pre‐dementia stage. The aims of the study are (i) to compare characteristics between individuals who have MCR defined using slow walking speed and/or increased five‐times‐sit‐to‐stand (FTSS) time as its motor component(s); and (ii) to characterize the association of MCR and its various motor components with incident dementia including Alzheimer disease and non‐Alzheimer dementia in the participants of the Epidémiologie de l’Ostéoporose (EPIDOS) study.MethodsThis prospective and observational cohort study selected 651 participants recruited from the EPIDOS study in Toulouse (France). MCR was defined as the association of subjective cognitive complaint and slow gait speed and/or increased FTSS time in participants without either dementia and mobility disabilities at baseline. Individuals with dementia were prospectively diagnosed during the physical and neuropsychological assessments included in the 7‐year follow‐up.ResultsThe prevalence of MCR was around 7% when using an exclusive motor criterion, either slow gait speed or increased FTSS time, and was 20.9% when MCR subgroups were pooled. MCR was positively associated with incident dementia regardless of its type, and with Alzheimer disease in the slow gait speed MCR subgroup [odds ratio (OR) > 2.18 with P ≤ 0.037] but not with non‐Alzheimer dementia. No significant association between incident dementia and MCR defined using increased FTSS time was shown.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that MCR is associated with incident dementia and that slow gait speed is the appropriate motor criterion for detecting dementia risk.