bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Road to resilience: a systematic review and meta-analysis of resilience training programmes and interventions
Authors: Joyce Sadhbh , Shand Fiona , Tighe Joseph , Laurent Steven J , Bryant Richard A , Harvey Samuel B 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo synthesise the available evidence on interventions designed to improve individual resilience.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysisMethodsThe following electronic databases were searched: Ovid Medline, Ovid EMBASE, PsycINFO, Ovid Cochrane and WHO Clinical Trials Registry in order to identify any controlled trials or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving psychological resilience. Pooled effects sizes were calculated using the random-effects model of meta-analysis.Outcome measuresValid and reliable measures of psychological resilience.ResultsOverall, 437 citations were retrieved and 111 peer-reviewed articles were examined in full. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria and were subject to a quality assessment, with 11 RCTs being included in the final meta-analysis. Programmes were stratified into one of three categories (1) cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based interventions, (2) mindfulness-based interventions or (3) mixed Interventions, those combining CBT and Mindfulness training. A meta-analysis found a moderate positive effect of resilience interventions (0.44 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.64) with subgroup analysis suggesting CBT-based, mindfulness and mixed interventions were effective.ConclusionsResilience interventions based on a combination of CBT and mindfulness techniques appear to have a positive impact on individual resilience.
HOspitals and patients WoRking in Unity (HOW R U?): telephone peer support to improve older patients’ quality of life after emergency department discharge in Melbourne, Australia—a multicentre prospective feasibility study
Authors: Lowthian Judy A , Lennox Alyse , Curtis Andrea , Wilson Gillian , Rosewarne Cate , Smit De Villiers , O’Brien Debra , Browning Colette Joy , Boyd Lee , Smith Cathie , Cameron Peter , Dale Jeremy 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo ascertain the feasibility and acceptability of theHOW R U?programme, a novel volunteer-peer postdischarge support programme for older patients after discharge from the emergency department (ED).DesignA multicentre prospective mixed-methods feasibility study.SettingTwo tertiary hospital EDs in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 39 discharged ED patients aged 70 years or over, with symptoms of social isolation, loneliness and/or depression.InterventionTheHOW R U?intervention comprised weekly social support telephone calls delivered by volunteer peers for 3 months following ED discharge.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were feasibility of study processes, intervention acceptability to participants and retention in the programme. Secondary outcomes were changes in loneliness level (UCLA-3—3-item Loneliness Scale), mood (5-item Geriatric Depression Scale) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS) postintervention.ResultsRecruitment was feasible, with 30% of eligible patients successfully recruited. Seventeen volunteer peers provided telephone support to patient participants, in addition to their usual hospital volunteer role.HOW R U?was well received, with 87% retention in the patient group, and no attrition in the volunteer group.The median age of patients was 84 years, 64% were female, and 82% lived alone. Sixty-eight per cent of patients experienced reductions in depressive symptoms, and 53% experiencing reduced feelings of loneliness, and these differences were statistically significant Patient feedback was positive and volunteers reported great satisfaction with their new role.ConclusionHOW R U?was feasible in terms of recruitment and retention and was acceptable to both patients and volunteers. The overall results support the potential for further research in this area and provide data to support the design of a definitive trial to confirm the observed effects.Trial registration numberANZCTRN12615000715572; Results.
Realist Evaluation of the Use of Patient Experience Data to Improve the Quality of Inpatient Mental Health Care (EURIPIDES) in England: study protocol
Authors: Weich Scott , Fenton Sarah-Jane Hannah , Bhui Kamaldeep , Staniszewska Sophie , Madan Jason , Larkin Michael , Newton Elizabeth , Crepaz-Keay David , Canaway Alastair , Croft Charlotte , Griffiths Frances 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionInpatient mental healthcare continues to be an area of high risk and where patients report negative experiences. To ensure the patient voice is heard, National Health Service (NHS) Trusts are required to collect feedback from patients routinely. We do not know what kinds of feedback are most important or what management processes are needed to translate this into effective action plans. Further, we do not know if this makes any difference to the patients themselves. This study seeks to explore which of the many different approaches to collecting and using patient experience data are the most useful for supporting improvements in inpatient mental healthcare. The overarching aim of the study is to arrive at recommendations for best practice in the collection and use of patient experience data in NHS England adult inpatient mental health settings. We present the protocol for Realist Evaluation of the Use of Patient Experience Data to Improve the Quality of Inpatient Mental Health Care study (EURIPIDES).Methods and analysisThe study is composed of five work packages (WPs), including a systematic review of patient experiences (WP1); a telephone survey to assist the selection of case sites (WP2); six indepth case studies involving interviews with service users, carers and staff to enable a realist evaluation of the use of patient experience to improve quality in adult inpatient mental health services (WP3); an economic evaluation of patient experience feedback activity (WP5); and a consensus conference (WP4). We discuss the methodological rationale for the five WPs.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval from West Midlands/South Birmingham NHS Research Ethics Committee. The outcome of the consensus conference meeting (WP4) will form the basis of the outputs to be disseminated to NHS providers. Dissemination will also take place through publications and presentations at relevant conferences.
Protection of pregnant women at work in Switzerland: practices, obstacles and resources. A mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Krief Peggy , Zellweger Alessia , Politis Mercier Maria-Pia , Danuser Brigitta , Wild Pascal , Zenoni Michela , Probst Isabelle 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionLike most industrialised countries, Switzerland has introduced legislation to protect the health of pregnant workers and their unborn children from workplace exposure. This legislation provides for a risk assessment, adaptations to workplaces and, if the danger is not eliminated, preventive leave (prescribed by a gynaecologist). This study’s first objective is to analyse the degree to which companies, gynaecologists and midwives implement the law. Its second objective is to understand the obstacles and resources of this implementation, with a focus on how relevant stakeholders perceive protective measures and their involvement with them.Methods and analysisData will be collected using mixed methods: (1) online questionnaires for gynaecologists and midwives; telephone questionnaires with company human resources (HR) managers in the healthcare and food production sectors; (2a) case studies of 6–8 companies in each sector, including interviews with stakeholders such as women workers, HR managers and occupational health physicians; (2b) two focus groups, one involving occupational physicians and hygienists, one involving labour inspectors.Quantitative data will be analysed statistically using STATA software V.15. Qualitative data will be transcribed and thematically analysed using MaxQDA software.Ethics and disseminationThe Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton Vaud (CER-VD) has certified that this research study protocol falls outside of the field of application of the Swiss Federal Act on Research Involving Humans.The publications and recommendations resulting from this study will form the starting point for future improvements to the protection of pregnant women at work and their unborn children.This study started in February 2017 and will continue until January 2020.
Adipocyte-Derived Lipids Mediate Melanoma Progression via FATP Proteins
Authors: Zhang Maomao , Di Martino Julie S. , Bowman Robert L. , Campbell Nathaniel R. , Baksh Sanjeethan C. , Simon-Vermot Theresa , Kim Isabella S. , Haldeman Pearce , Mondal Chandrani , Yong-Gonzales Vladimir , Abu-Akeel Mohsen , Merghoub Taha , Jones Drew R. , Zhu Xiphias Ge , Arora Arshi , Ariyan Charlotte E. , Birsoy Kivanç , Wolchok Jedd D. , Panageas Katherine S. , Hollmann Travis , Bravo-Cordero Jose Javier , White Richard M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Advanced, metastatic melanomas frequently grow in subcutaneous tissues and portend a poor prognosis. Though subcutaneous tissues are largely composed of adipocytes, the mechanisms by which adipocytes influence melanoma are poorly understood. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we find that adipocytes increase proliferation and invasion of adjacent melanoma cells. Additionally, adipocytes directly transfer lipids to melanoma cells, which alters tumor cell metabolism. Adipocyte-derived lipids are transferred to melanoma cells through the FATP/SLC27A family of lipid transporters expressed on the tumor cell surface. Among the six FATP/SLC27A family members, melanomas significantly overexpress FATP1/SLC27A1. Melanocyte-specific FATP1 expression cooperates with BRAFV600E in transgenic zebrafish to accelerate melanoma development, an effect that is similarly seen in mouse xenograft studies. Pharmacologic blockade of FATPs with the small-molecule inhibitor Lipofermata abrogates lipid transport into melanoma cells and reduces melanoma growth and invasion. These data demonstrate that stromal adipocytes can drive melanoma progression through FATP lipid transporters and represent a new target aimed at interrupting adipocyte–melanoma cross-talk.
Significance: We demonstrate that stromal adipocytes are donors of lipids that mediate melanoma progression. Adipocyte-derived lipids are taken up by FATP proteins that are aberrantly expressed in melanoma. Inhibition of FATPs decreases melanoma lipid uptake, invasion, and growth. We provide a mechanism for how stromal adipocytes drive tumor progression and demonstrate a novel microenvironmental therapeutic target. Cancer Discov; 8(8); 1006–25. ©2018 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 899
Real-time Genomic Characterization of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer to Enable Precision Medicine
Authors: Aguirre Andrew J. , Nowak Jonathan A. , Camarda Nicholas D. , Moffitt Richard A. , Ghazani Arezou A. , Hazar-Rethinam Mehlika , Raghavan Srivatsan , Kim Jaegil , Brais Lauren K. , Ragon Dorisanne , Welch Marisa W. , Reilly Emma , McCabe Devin , Marini Lori , Anderka Kristin , Helvie Karla , Oliver Nelly , Babic Ana , Da Silva Annacarolina , Nadres Brandon , Van Seventer Emily E. , Shahzade Heather A. , St. Pierre Joseph P. , Burke Kelly P. , Clancy Thomas , Cleary James M. , Doyle Leona A. , Jajoo Kunal , McCleary Nadine J. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Murphy Janet E. , Ng Kimmie , Patel Anuj K. , Perez Kimberly , Rosenthal Michael H. , Rubinson Douglas A. , Ryou Marvin , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Sicinska Ewa , Silverman Stuart G. , Nagy Rebecca J. , Lanman Richard B. , Knoerzer Deborah , Welsch Dean J. , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Fuchs Charles S. , Garraway Levi A. , Getz Gad , Hornick Jason L. , Johnson Bruce E. , Kulke Matthew H. , Mayer Robert J. , Miller Jeffrey W. , Shyn Paul B. , Tuveson David A. , Wagle Nikhil , Yeh Jen Jen , Hahn William C. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Carter Scott L. , Wolpin Brian M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Clinically relevant subtypes exist for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but molecular characterization is not yet standard in clinical care. We implemented a biopsy protocol to perform time-sensitive whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing for patients with advanced PDAC. Therapeutically relevant genomic alterations were identified in 48% (34/71) and pathogenic/likely pathogenic germline alterations in 18% (13/71) of patients. Overall, 30% (21/71) of enrolled patients experienced a change in clinical management as a result of genomic data. Twenty-six patients had germline and/or somatic alterations in DNA-damage repair genes, and 5 additional patients had mutational signatures of homologous recombination deficiency but no identified causal genomic alteration. Two patients had oncogenic in-frame BRAF deletions, and we report the first clinical evidence that this alteration confers sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibition. Moreover, we identified tumor/stroma gene expression signatures with clinical relevance. Collectively, these data demonstrate the feasibility and value of real-time genomic characterization of advanced PDAC.
Significance: Molecular analyses of metastatic PDAC tumors are challenging due to the heterogeneous cellular composition of biopsy specimens and rapid progression of the disease. Using an integrated multidisciplinary biopsy program, we demonstrate that real-time genomic characterization of advanced PDAC can identify clinically relevant alterations that inform management of this difficult disease. Cancer Discov; 8(9); 1096–111. ©2018 AACR.
See related commentary by Collisson, p. 1062.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047
Topiramate is more effective than acetazolamide at lowering intracranial pressure
Authors: Scotton William J , Botfield Hannah F , Westgate Connar SJ , Mitchell James L , Yiangou Andreas , Uldall Maria S , Jensen Rigmor H , Sinclair Alex J 
Published: June 2018

Background The management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension focuses on reducing intracranial pressure to preserve vision and reduce headaches. There is sparse evidence to support the use of some of the drugs commonly used to manage idiopathic intracranial hypertension, therefore we propose to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs at lowering intracranial pressure in healthy rats. Methods We measured intracranial pressure in female rats before and after subcutaneous administration of acetazolamide, topiramate, furosemide, amiloride and octreotide at clinical doses (equivalent to a single human dose) and high doses (equivalent to a human daily dose). In addition, we measured intracranial pressure after oral administration of acetazolamide and topiramate. Results At clinical and high doses, subcutaneous administration of topiramate lowered intracranial pressure by 32% ( p = 0.0009) and 21% ( p = 0.015) respectively. There was no significant reduction in intracranial pressure noted with acetazolamide, furosemide, amiloride or octreotide at any dose. Oral administration of topiramate significantly lowered intracranial pressure by 22% ( p = 0.018), compared to 5% reduction with acetazolamide ( p = >0.999). Conclusion Our in vivo studies demonstrated that both subcutaneous and oral administration of topiramate significantly lowers intracranial pressure. Other drugs tested, including acetazolamide, did not significantly reduce intracranial pressure. Future clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and side effects of topiramate in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients would be of interest.
Large eddy simulation in a rotary blood pump: Viscous shear stress computation and comparison with unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation
Authors: Torner Benjamin , Konnigk Lucas , Hallier Sebastian , Kumar Jitendra , Witte Matthias , Wurm Frank-Hendrik 
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Numerical flow analysis (computational fluid dynamics) in combination with the prediction of blood damage is an important procedure to investigate the hemocompatibility of a blood pump, since blood trauma due to shear stresses remains a problem in these devices. Today, the numerical damage prediction is conducted using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations. Investigations with large eddy simulations are rarely being performed for blood pumps. Hence, the aim of the study is to examine the viscous shear stresses of a large eddy simulation in a blood pump and compare the results with an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation. Methods: The simulations were carried out at two operation points of a blood pump. The flow was simulated on a 100M element mesh for the large eddy simulation and a 20M element mesh for the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation. As a first step, the large eddy simulation was verified by analyzing internal dissipative losses within the pump. Then, the pump characteristics and mean and turbulent viscous shear stresses were compared between the two simulation methods. Results: The verification showed that the large eddy simulation is able to reproduce the significant portion of dissipative losses, which is a global indication that the equivalent viscous shear stresses are adequately resolved. The comparison with the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation revealed that the hydraulic parameters were in agreement, but differences for the shear stresses were found. Conclusion: The results show the potential of the large eddy simulation as a high-quality comparative case to check the suitability of a chosen Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes setup and turbulence model. Furthermore, the results lead to suggest that large eddy simulations are superior to unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations when instantaneous stresses are applied for the blood damage prediction.
Continuity of Specialty Pharmacy Practice: A Survey of PGY-2 Pharmacy Residency Graduates
Authors: Copenhaver Ardis M. , Haver Amy , Pickering Aaron J. , Campbell Ronald J. , Wilson Stephen A. , Jarrett Jennie B. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Literature regarding career trajectory for postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2) pharmacy residency specialty–trained pharmacists is limited. Objective: The objective of our study is to describe PGY-2 pharmacy residency training on career practice and satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed graduates of PGY-2 pharmacy residency programs. Respondents were identified by current PGY-2 residency program directors requesting participation from their program alumni. The primary outcome was whether PGY-2 residency–trained pharmacists continued working within their specialty or not. Secondary outcomes included alternative specialty areas, current satisfaction with their specialty, and the necessity of completing a PGY-2. Results: Among 647 respondents, 84% completed their program in the past 6 years. The top 3 represented pharmacy specialties were critical care (19%), ambulatory care (14%), and oncology (13%). Most respondents continue to practice in the same specialty as their PGY-2 residency program (n = 572, 87%) compared with pharmacists who currently practice in other clinical specialties or areas of pharmacy (n = 83, 13%). Critical care (n = 28, 33%) had the largest specialty response no longer practicing in their PGY-2 residency program specialty with 42% (n = 12) now practicing within the emergency medicine specialty. The average satisfaction for their current specialty was 4.7 ± 0.82 (Likert scale of 1 = extremely dissatisfied to 5 = extremely satisfied). Conclusions: The vast majority PGY-2 pharmacy residency–trained pharmacists experienced training-practice concordance and are satisfied with their trained specialty. Among those with specialty training practice discordance, critical care training was most prevalent.
Predictors of Long-Term Exercise Capacity in Patients Who Have Had Lung Transplantation
Authors: Mejia-Downs Anne , DiPerna Christen , Shank Cori , Johnson Rebecca , Rice Danielle , Hage Chadi 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) is a widely used surrogate for exercise capacity in patients both pre- and post-lung transplant. Multiple factors have been suggested to influence exercise capacity. Research Questions: This study sought to determine the change in exercise capacity over time and factors that influence long-term exercise capacity. Design: Data were collected prospectively on lung transplant recipients from 1 center. The 6MWD was measured preoperatively and at the 6- and 12-month clinic visits postoperatively. The Enright equation was used to calculate patients’ percentage predicted 6MWD. The change in 6MWD over time was calculated, and multiple factors affecting 6MWD were analyzed, including predictors of 6MWD at 6 and 12 months posttransplant. Results: Sixty lung transplant recipients were enrolled. Significant improvement in 6MWD was found between pretransplant and hospital discharge and between hospital discharge and 6 months posttransplant. The percentage predicted 6MWD improved significantly from pretransplant to 6 months and to 12 months posttransplant. Factors associated with 6MWD were sex, diagnosis, graft type, and age. Factors predicting long-term exercise capacity included 6MWD at referral, pretransplant, and hospital discharge; pulmonary diagnosis; and type of transplant. Conclusion: The 6MWD provided useful information about patients’ exercise capacity during phases of lung transplantation. The percentage predicted for each patient was found to be a more valuable measure than absolute 6MWD. Intensive, individualized training posttransplant is essential to optimize exercise capacity for this population
The Experiences of Young Liver Patients Transferring From Children’s to Adult Services and Their Support Needs for a Successful Transition
Authors: Toft Alex , Taylor Rachel , Claridge Lee , Clowes Charlotte , Ferguson James , Hind Jonathon , Jones Rebecca , McClean Patricia , McKiernan Patrick , Samyn Marianne , Coad Jane 
Published: June 2018

Background: The period of transition from pediatric to adult services represents a time when young people need support, information, and appropriate care in order to successfully move. It is a period that is associated with nonadherence and disengagement with care. Objective: To explore the experiences of young liver transplant recipients transitioning to adult services and determine what they require in order to achieve a successful move. The research also explored the possibility of using a mobile phone application (app) as a tool to support transition. Design: Qualitative approach using novel arts-based focus groups and one-to-one interviews. Participants: Twenty-one young people aged 16 to 25 years, 16 health-care professionals involved in their care, and 7 young people as follow-up. Participants used services provided by the 3 liver centers in England (Leeds, Birmingham, and London). Results: Data highlighted the variability of transition pathways in England for young people moving from child to adult health services. The results showed that they required clear information regarding transition processes including specific medical information and that there was a shortfall in such information. Support was required in the form of a designated transition coordinator or similar specialist who could act as a point of reference and guidance throughout the process. Transitions needed to be individualized and based upon transition readiness rather than age, although the research showed that age cut-offs were still used. Conclusion: Young people welcomed apps to provide information, reminders, contacts, and connections. Future research should explore the efficacy of such apps.