bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of high‐efficiency CMOS rectifier with low reverse leakage for RF energy harvesting
Authors: Kim Hyeonwoo , Kwon Ickjin 
Published: February 2019

A CMOS cross‐coupled RF rectifier that improves power conversion efficiency (PCE) with low reverse leakage current for energy harvesting wireless sensors is proposed. In this Letter, the authors propose a CMOS cross‐coupled differential RF rectifier that uses a thick‐oxide MOSFET as a rectifying device to improve PCE by reducing reverse leakage current. The proposed rectifier is designed for UHF band application using 0.18 µm CMOS technology. Proposed rectifier achieves a peak PCE of 75.2% and sensitivity of − 17 dBm for 1 V output voltage. Peak PCE is improved by 8.8% compared to the conventional rectifier.
Warum ist die „Anzahl vorzeitiger Todesfälle durch Umweltexpositionen“ nicht angemessen quantifizierbar?
Authors: Morfeld Peter , Erren Thomas 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungIn epidemiologischen Studien und deren Anwendung bei Schadstoffregulierungen (z. B. durch WHO, USA, EU) werden Wirkungen von Umweltexpositionen auf Bevölkerungen („Burden Of Disease“, „Krankheitslast“) oft mittels der verursachten „Anzahl vorzeitiger Todesfälle“, d. h. der durch die Exposition zeitlich vorverlagerten Todesfälle, quantifiziert. Ein aktuelles Beispiel ist die Studie von Schneider et al. zu Krankheitslasten durch Stickstoffdioxid (NO2)-Exposition in Deutschland, durchgeführt im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes. Die Autoren ermittelten den Anteil der durch die Exposition verursachten vorzeitigen Todesfälle mittels der „Attributablen Fraktion“ (AF). Gleichwohl können die wahren Zahlen vorzeitiger Todesfälle durch NO2 viel größer oder kleiner sein. Tatsächlich hatten Robins und Greenland bereits 1989 gezeigt, dass der AF-Ansatz nicht angemessen ist. Trotz der weitreichenden Bedeutung für Epidemiologie und Public Health wurde ihre wegweisende Arbeit nicht adäquat berücksichtigt, möglicherweise aufgrund der anspruchsvollen mathematischen Argumentation. Unser Beitrag erläutert – mit einfachen Methoden – unbeachtete aber bedeutende Fallstricke. Wir empfehlen, auf das Konzept der „Anzahl vorzeitiger Todesfälle“ zu verzichten und stattdessen die durch die Exposition verlorene Lebenszeit anzugeben, berechnet pro Person. Diese sollte aber nicht für unterschiedliche Todesursachen (Erkrankungen) und/oder Altersverteilungen aufgeschlüsselt werden. Wir zeigen zudem, dass „Disability Adjusted Life Years“ (DALY) kein angemessenes Maß sind, um Expositionswirkungen in der Bevölkerung zu bewerten.
Sensitivität und Spezifität des Reizdarm-Fragebogens
Authors: Schäfer Sarah K. , Weidner Kathrin Julia , Becker Nicolas , Lass-Hennemann Johanna , Stokes Caroline , Lammert Frank , Köllner Volker 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Mit dem Reizdarm-Fragebogen (RDF) wurde erstmals ein deutschsprachiges Instrument zur Erfassung der subjektiv wahrgenommenen Symptombelastung bei einem Reizdarm-Syndrom (RDS) vorgestellt. Bis dato lagen ausschließlich Instrumente zur ärztlichen Einschätzung der Symptomschwere in deutscher Sprache vor. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Unterschiede zwischen RDS-Patienten und verschiedenen klinischen und nicht-klinischen Kontrollgruppen hinsichtlich der Skalen des Fragebogens zu untersuchen sowie einen Cut-Off-Wert für das Vorliegen eines RDS zu ermitteln. Auf Basis eines solchen Cut-Off-Werts sollte die Qualität des RDF als Screening-Instrument beurteilt werden.
Material und Methoden An der Studie nahmen 372 Personen teil (62,6% männlich, mittleres Alter=41±17 Jahre). 17,5% der Teilnehmer hatten eine RDS-Diagnose, 19,9% wurden wegen einer chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankung behandelt, 12,1% waren Patienten in einer psychosomatischen Reha-Klinik und 50,5% gehörten zu einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe. Alle Teilnehmer füllten den 13 Items umfassenden RDF aus.
Ergebnisse Hinsichtlich des RDF-Gesamtwerts zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede zu allen anderen klinischen- und nicht-klinischen Kontrollgruppen [t(98,82)=13,61, p<0,001]. Mit Ausnahme der Subskala „Völlegefühl“ zeigten sich diese Unterschiede auch für die Subskalen „Diarrhoe“, „Konstipation“ sowie „Schmerz und Spannungsgefühl“ des RDFs. Bezogen auf das Vorliegen eines RDS kann das Instrument bei einem Cut-Off-Wert von 32 als sensitiv (90,80%) und angemessen spezifisch (75,56%) gelten.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Der RDF kann als effizientes Instrument zur Erfassung der subjektiv wahrgenommenen Symptombelastung bei RDS gelten. Mit seinen sehr guten psychometrischen Qualitäten kann er sowohl im klinischen als auch im wissenschaftlichen Kontext als Screening-Instrument eingesetzt werden.
Distal Ulnar Metaphyseal Wedge Osteotomy for Ulnar Abutment Syndrome
Authors: Kubo Nobuyuki , Moritomo Hisao , Arimitsu Sayuri , Nishimoto Shunsuke , Yoshida Takeshi 
Published: February 2019

Background Ulnar shortening osteotomy of the diaphysis is a common and effective surgical procedure for ulnar abutment syndrome. However, this procedure has some disadvantages, such as a long period until union and a relatively high nonunion rate. To overcome these disadvantages, we have developed distal ulnar metaphyseal wedge osteotomy. The purpose of this article is to describe the technique and to report its clinical results.
Patients and Methods Distal ulnar metaphyseal wedge osteotomy consists of resection of the wedge fragment at the distal ulnar metaphysis, compressing the distal fragment of the ulna toward the radial–proximal direction and fixation with a Herbert type headless screw. We performed this procedure for 58 patients with ulnar abutment syndrome, and the clinical data of 43 patients who were followed for > 6 months were analyzed. We evaluated range of motion, grip strength, and HAND20 which is a validated subjective scoring system in Japan.
Results All patients experienced relief from their ulnar wrist pain, and bone union was achieved within an average of 2.6 months. The range of dorsiflexion improved from 63° preoperatively to 69° postoperatively, grip strength compared with the contralateral hand improved from 77% preoperatively to 87% postoperatively, and HAND20 improved from 41.3 points preoperatively to 22.4 points postoperatively.
Discussion This procedure has advantages especially in early bone union. This procedure should be taken into consideration as one of the options to treat ulnar abutment syndrome.
Single-Stage Revision of an Infected Total Hip Replacement Using Antibiotic-Impregnated Bioabsorbable Beads in a Canine Patient
Authors: Guthrie James , Fitzpatrick Noel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis report describes a technique and the outcome following surgical revision of a periprosthetic infected total hip replacement (THR) in a single-stage procedure with the use of antibiotic-impregnated bioabsorbable beads. A 6-year-old German Shepherd dog underwent THR 16 months previously, which subsequently became infected. The contaminated femoral and acetabular prostheses were explanted. A femoral window was used to remove the stem and cement. The endosteal surfaces of the femur and acetabulum were reamed to remove periprosthetic tissues. The femoral window was replaced and secured in position with multiple cerclage wires. A 3.5-mm locking plate was applied to the lateral aspect of the femur to prevent fracture of the proximal femoral metaphysis and trochanter. Bioabsorbable beads of calcium sulphate, impregnated with vancomycin and gentamicin, were impacted into the femoral canal followed by an uncemented femoral stem. An uncemented acetabular implant was impacted and additional antibiotic beads placed in the vicinity prior to closure. There has been no evidence of reinfection 5 years postoperatively. Analgesic and antibacterial drugs were not required during this follow-up period; activity is unrestricted with neither lameness nor pain present. Simultaneous revision of both femoral and acetabular periprosthetic infected THR implants was successfully achieved in this patient via a single-stage procedure using uncemented implants and antibiotic-impregnated bioabsorbable beads.
8 Copper-Based Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Mediated Organic Transformations
Authors: Ehrnsberger P. , Reiser O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCopper(I) and copper(II) complexes prove to be a powerful alternative to common photocatalysts based on ruthenium, iridium, or organic dyes. A distinct feature is their ability to interact with substrates beyond electron or energy transfer, allowing unique transformations that are otherwise not possible.
9 Gold in Photocatalysis
Authors: Hopkinson M. N. , Dix S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDual catalytic systems combining gold and photocatalysis are capable of facilitating redox-neutral coupling reactions that are otherwise seldom observed using gold catalysts alone. The challenging oxidation of gold(I) to gold(III) in these processes is achieved through two single-electron-transfer steps involving photogenerated organic radicals derived most commonly from arenediazonium salts. In addition to analogues of some classical cross-coupling processes that are tolerant of halogen functionalities, arylative 1,2-difunctionalization reactions of π-systems, combining the traditional π-Lewis acidity of gold catalysts with coupling, are accessible. These processes can be performed on alkene, allene, and alkyne substrates with the unique mechanistic features of dual gold/photoredox catalysis allowing for improved selectivity for cross coupling compared to that observed in alternative oxidative gold-catalyzed coupling methodologies.
10 Palladium in Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang M. , Li P. , Wang L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe concept of photoredox/transition-metal dual catalysis has been validated as a powerful platform for the construction of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds, and it illustrates the power of rational design in catalysis and the strategic use of mechanistic knowledge and manipulation for the development of novel synthetic methods. This chapter describes recent progress in the combination of visible-light photoredox catalysis with palladium catalysis, highlighting this as a valuable synthetic tool in accessing complex molecules in a rapid and modular fashion.
On the formulation of Adams-Bashforth scheme with Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional derivative to model chaotic problems
Authors: Owolabi Kolade M. , Atangana Abdon 
Published: February 2019

Mathematical analysis with the numerical simulation of the newly formulated fractional version of the Adams-Bashforth method using the Atangana-Baleanu operator which has both nonlocal and nonsingular properties is considered in this paper. We adopt the fixed point theory and approximation method to prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution via general two-component time fractional differential equations. The method is tested with three nonlinear chaotic dynamical systems in which the integer-order derivative is modeled with the proposed fractional-order case. The simulation result for different α values in (0,1] is presented.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 17 December 2021.
Diverse GPCRs exhibit conserved water networks for stabilization and activation
Authors: Venkatakrishnan A. J. , Ma Anthony K. , Fonseca Rasmus , Latorraca Naomi R. , Kelly Brendan , Betz Robin M. , Asawa Chaitanya , Kobilka Brian K. , Dror Ron O. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent both the largest class of drug targets and the largest family of human membrane proteins. Recent three-dimensional structures have revealed the presence of many water molecules buried inside GPCRs, but the functional role of these water molecules has been unclear. Using extensive atomic-level computer simulations, we find that, although most of these waters are highly mobile, a few are stable. These stable water molecules mediate state-dependent and state-independent polar networks that are conserved across diverse GPCRs. These findings promise to help guide the rational design of GPCR-targeted drugs.
Missing the (Turning) point
Authors: Fucci Anthony , Catalano Theresa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOn August 25, 2017, student members of Turning Point USA (TPUSA), a right-wing conservative organization who advocates for smaller government and free market enterprise, recruited on the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) campus. Members of the UNL community protested nearby. Part of the protest was recorded on video and released to social media leading to harsh public criticism that accused the university of restricting free speech and being an unsafe environment for conservative students. Drawing on cognitive linguistics (e.g. metonymy, framing) and multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA), this paper explores how the TPUSA incident at UNL was recontextualized in local and national media discourse, the ways in which the social actors and events were framed, and its consequences. The authors show how these representations reinforce dominant neoliberal discourses (which correlate with right-wing discourses) that negatively impact public education, providing a necessary counter to a populist political climate in which anti-intellectualism reigns.
Acquired von Willebrand factor deficiency is reduced in HeartMate 3 patients†
Authors: Klaeske Kristin , Dieterlen Maja-Theresa , Scholz Ute , Lehmann Sven , Garbade Jens , Fischer Julia , Jawad Khalil , Borger Michael A , Meyer Anna 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS), which is associated with left ventricular assist device support, is caused by the loss of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) high molecular weight multimers (HMWMs). We investigated whether the implantation of the left ventricular assist device HeartMate 3 (HM 3) is superior to the HeartWare ventricular assist device (HVAD) in preserving the multimeric structure of vWF.

METHODS
In total, 70 patients with implanted HM 3 (n = 35) or HVAD (n = 35) were retrospectively investigated. HMWMs, intermediate molecular weight multimers and low molecular weight multimers were quantified by using a densitometric methodology. vWF antigen, vWF activity and vWF collagen-binding activity, as well as demographic and clinical data, were analysed.

RESULTS
AvWS, which is characterized by a decrease in vWF HMWMs, was found in 97.1% of patients in the HM 3 group and 100% of patients in the HVAD group. Compared to normal pooled plasma, HM 3 induced a reduction in HMWMs (40.7 ± 8.2% vs 26.7 ± 7.5%, P < 0.01) and an increase in low molecular weight multimers (31.3 ± 11.8% vs 42.7 ± 9.8%, P < 0.01), whereas HVAD patients exhibited an increase in the percentage of intermediate molecular weight multimers (28.0 ± 5.0% vs 38.4 ± 7.7%, P < 0.01) in addition to a decrease in the percentage of HMWM (23.0 ± 11.0%, P < 0.01). A comparison of both left ventricular assist device types showed a difference in vWF multimeric structure (HMWMs: P < 0.01, intermediate molecular weight multimer: P = 0.05, low molecular weight multimer: P = 0.03). Furthermore, vWF activity was elevated in patients with an implanted HM 3 device (153.7 ± 54.4%) compared to those with an HVAD device (126.3 ± 39.7%, P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with an implanted HM 3 had more intact HMWMs and a higher vWF activity during device support. This may reduce the manifestation of AvWS in HM 3 patients and could thus lead to a lower bleeding complication rate.
The Rise of Community Energy from Grassroots to Mainstream: The Role of Law and Policy
Authors: Savaresi Annalisa 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In recent years, national and subnational law-makers and policy-makers have increasingly adopted measures to stimulate decentralised renewable energy generation, turning local and rural communities into prominent actors in the energy transition. The recast of the EU Renewable Energy Directive follows this trend, prompting all EU Member States to adopt measures to spearhead community energy. Yet to date, only a handful of ‘pioneer’ EU Member States—most saliently Denmark, Germany and the UK—have accrued significant experience with the mainstreaming of community energy. This article reflects on the role of law and policy in turning grassroots community action into a mainstream means for renewable energy generation. It unpacks the regulatory questions underlying the notion of community energy embedded in the Renewables Directive, looking at how these have been addressed in pioneer Member States. This analysis aims to deliver greater understanding of community energy, to highlight gaps in our knowledge of it, and ultimately to identify an agenda for further scholarly enquiry.
Validity of a two-component imaging-derived disease activity score for improved assessment of synovitis in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hensor Elizabeth M A , McKeigue Paul , Ling Stephanie F , Colombo Marco , Barrett Jennifer H , Nam Jackie L , Freeston Jane , Buch Maya H , Spiliopoulou Athina , Agakov Felix , Kelly Stephen , Lewis Myles J , Verstappen Suzanne M M , MacGregor Alexander J , Viatte Sebastien , Barton Anne , Pitzalis Costantino , Emery Paul , Conaghan Philip G , Morgan Ann W 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesImaging of joint inflammation provides a standard against which to derive an updated DAS for RA. Our objectives were to develop and validate a DAS based on reweighting the DAS28 components to maximize association with US-assessed synovitis.MethodsEarly RA patients from two observational cohorts (n = 434 and n = 117) and a clinical trial (n = 59) were assessed at intervals up to 104 weeks from baseline; all US scans were within 1 week of clinical exam. There were 899, 163 and 183 visits in each cohort. Associations of combined US grey scale and power Doppler scores (GSPD) with 28 tender joint count and 28 swollen joint count (SJC28), CRP, ESR and general health visual analogue scale were examined in linear mixed model regressions. Cross-validation evaluated model predictive ability. Coefficients learned from training data defined a re-weighted DAS28 that was validated against radiographic progression in independent data (3037 observations; 717 patients).ResultsOf the conventional DAS28 components only SJC28 and CRP were associated with GSPD in all three development cohorts. A two-component model including SJC28 and CRP outperformed a four-component model (R2 = 0.235, 0.392, 0.380 vs 0.232, 0.380, 0.375, respectively). The re-weighted two-component DAS28CRP outperformed conventional DAS28 definitions in predicting GSPD (Δtest log-likelihood <−2.6, P < 0.01), Larsen score and presence of erosions.ConclusionA score based on SJC28 and CRP alone demonstrated stronger associations with synovitis and radiographic progression than the original DAS28 and should be considered in research on pathophysiological manifestations of early RA. Implications for clinical management of RA remain to be established.
Strengthening sleep–autonomic interaction via acoustic enhancement of slow oscillations
Authors: Grimaldi Daniela , Papalambros Nelly A , Reid Kathryn J , Abbott Sabra M , Malkani Roneil G , Gendy Maged , Iwanaszko Marta , Braun Rosemary I , Sanchez Daniel J , Paller Ken A , Zee Phyllis C 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Slow-wave sleep (SWS) is important for overall health since it affects many physiological processes including cardio-metabolic function. Sleep and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity are closely coupled at anatomical and physiological levels. Sleep-related changes in autonomic function are likely the main pathway through which SWS affects many systems within the body. There are characteristic changes in ANS activity across sleep stages. Notably, in non-rapid eye-movement sleep, the progression into SWS is characterized by increased parasympathetic activity, an important measure of cardiovascular health.
Experimental manipulations that enhance slow-wave activity (SWA, 0.5–4 Hz) can improve sleep-mediated memory and immune function. However, effects of SWA enhancement on autonomic regulation have not been investigated. Here, we employed an adaptive algorithm to deliver 50 ms sounds phase-locked to slow-waves, with regular pauses in stimulation (~5 s ON/~5 s OFF), in healthy young adults. We sought to determine whether acoustic enhancement of SWA altered parasympathetic activity during SWS assessed with heart rate variability (HRV), and evening-to-morning changes in HRV, plasma cortisol, and blood pressure.
Stimulation, compared with a sham condition, increased SWA during ON versus OFF intervals. This ON/OFF SWA enhancement was associated with a reduction in evening-to-morning change of cortisol levels and indices of sympathetic activity. Furthermore, the enhancement of SWA in ON intervals during sleep cycles 2–3 was accompanied by an increase in parasympathetic activity (high-frequency, HRV). Together these findings suggest that acoustic enhancement of SWA has a positive effect on autonomic function in sleep. Approaches to strengthen brain–heart interaction during sleep could have important implications for cardiovascular health.
“The Miracle Tablet Maybe”: Legalization of the Pill and Women’s Childbearing and Career Decisions
Authors: Finseraas Henning , Skorge Øyvind Søraas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA substantial literature argues that the legalization of the birth control pill in the United States reduced fertility and enhanced career investments. This study questions whether the broader effects hold across contexts. We use administrative data to study the Norwegian legalization of the pill and find effects on teenage motherhood but not on subsequent career outcomes. Using survey data, we show that the pill's impact on fertility is largest for women with an early sexual debut; nevertheless, broader effects of pill usage are still absent. Our study indicates that the pill cannot explain the rise of Norwegian women's economic empowerment.
Maintenance Olaparib in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Moore Kathleen , Colombo Nicoletta , Scambia Giovanni , Kim Byoung-Gie , Oaknin Ana , Friedlander Michael , Lisyanskaya Alla , Floquet Anne , Leary Alexandra , Sonke Gabe S. , Gourley Charlie , Banerjee Susana , Oza Amit , González-Martín Antonio , Aghajanian Carol , Bradley William , Mathews Cara , Liu Joyce , Lowe Elizabeth S. , Bloomfield Ralph , DiSilvestro Paul 
Published: February 2019

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;379:2495–2505)
Standard-of-care therapy for patients newly diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer consists of frontline cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant platinum chemotherapy. Approximately 70% of these patients have a relapse within 3 years.
Effect of High Dose Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy on Pre-eclampsia (FACT): Double Blind, Phase III, Randomised Controlled, International, Multicentre Trial
Authors: Wen Shi Wu , White Ruth Rennicks , Rybak Natalie , Gaudet Laura M. , Robson Stephen , Hague William , Simms-Stewart Donnette , Carroli Guillermo , Smith Graeme , Fraser William D. , Wells George , Davidge Sandra T. , Kingdom John , Coyle Doug , Fergusson Dean , Corsi Daniel J. , Champagne Josee , Sabri Elham , Ramsay Tim , Mol Ben Willem J. , Oudijk Martijn A. , Walker Mark C. 
Published: February 2019

(Abstracted from BMJ 2018;362:k3478)
Preeclampsia is a serious medical condition, affecting approximately 3% to 5% of pregnancies, accounting for more than 35,000 maternal deaths annually worldwide and an important factor in maternal morbidity. Preeclampsia affects multiple organ systems and leads to an increased risk of other severe maternal and neonatal complications in pregnancy.