bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A GaN-Based Synchronous Buck Converter for High Power Laser Diode Drive Applications
Authors: Uğur Abdulkerim , Yılmaz Murat 
Published: March 2018

Laser Diodes are the essential
components for development of high power laser systems. To operate these
devices, highly efficient and high power density, compact, current regulated
switching converters are necessary. In this paper, Gallium Nitride (GaN) based synchronous
buck converters are studied for the application of laser diode driver. For this
purpose, two synchronous buck converters one with Si-based the other one with
GaN-based are designed, simulated, tested and compared. With the application of
GaN-based semiconductors, 96.6% efficiency and 9.1 W/cm3 power
density is achieved for 11A, 28V load at 700 kHz operating frequency.&nbsp;
Macular hole surgery under retrobulbar local anesthesia increases visual acuity
Authors: Simanjuntak Gilbert WS , Simanjuntak Golda AM , Christine Reinne Natali 
Published: March 2018

Background Macular hole surgery can be done under general or local anesthesia, and general anesthesia is still the standard procedure. The objective of this study was to investigate the results of macular hole surgery under local anesthesia. MethodsA retrospective study on medical records of patients who had undergone macular hole surgery under local anesthesia. Funduscopic examination of macular hole had been performed and all other diseases with deterioration of visual acuity eliminated. Surgery was performed under retrobulbar local anesthesia, using 2 ml of 2% lidocaine mixed with 3 ml bupivacaine in one syringe. Vitreous tamponade used 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Demographic and clinical characteristics, visual acuity before and after surgery, and improvements that occurred were assessed. Results No significant interruption occurred during surgery. Mean age of the patients was 53.89 ± 13.3 years (22-74 years), with mean duration of symptoms of 48.83 ± 100.51 weeks (1-560 weeks). The patients comprised 20 males (55.6%) and 16 females (44.4 5). There were improvements in visual acuity after surgery in 31 patients (86.1%), the rest (13.9%) had identical or lower visual acuity after surgery. A total of 20 patients (55.6%) had postoperative visual acuity of 6/18 or better. Initial mean preoperative visual acuity was 0.08 ± 0.08 (0.01 - 0.29) and improved after the surgery to 0.38 ± 0.26 (0.00 - 1.00), the improvement being statistically significant (p=0.000). ConclusionRetrobulbar anesthesia is an effective and safe method in macular hole surgery. Macular hole surgery can be done well under local anesthesia, and visual acuity improved significantly.
Assessment of Beneficiary Satisfaction with Community Based Solid Waste Management Service. A case of Okoa Maisha Project in Mnarani Village, Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Hassan Farida A. , Ong’ayo Hilda A. , K. Osore Melckzedeck , Morara George N. , M. Aura Christopher 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Solid Waste Management Service (SWMS) is an important public good, although most local governments in developing countries have failed to effectively provide it to their populace. Ineffective SWMS has serious environmental and public health ramifications. Consequently, other players such as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), private companies and Community Based Organizations (CBOs) have to be involved in the delivery of SWMS. This study assessed the level of beneficiary for households’ satisfaction with SWMS as rendered by Okoa Maisha Project (OMP - the Swahili translation for project of saving lives) operating under the auspices of Where Talent Lives (WTL) - a local CBO located in Mnarani Village in Kilifi County in Kenya. The study revealed that majority of the respondents (52.4%, n=152) were very satisfied with the overall SWMS as rendered by OMP. The satisfaction was mostly due to quality variables such as householders’ education on solid waste management (54%, n=157), neatness of waste collection crew (52.4%, n=152) and reliability of waste collection (49.7%, n=144). Relative to other indicators, the respondents ranked low quality variables such as frequency of waste collection from households and the behaviour of the waste collection crew towards the residents. The study concludes by emphasising on the need for assessment of SWMS as provided by CBOs for improved service delivery. The study recommends routine supervision of the SWMS rendered by donor or government sponsored projects for effective and sustainable service delivery to the beneficiary householders and the community
Civil Society Organisations: Filling Up The Government Service Gap For National Development
Authors: Akin Popoola Michael , Adeola Omosebi Fredrick 
Published: March 2018

Good governance is inextricably linked with development. That is why any government which is genuinely concerned about good governance makes the issue of development its central focus. However, the governments of many developing countries experience capacity deficit in the area of the requisite institutions, funds and capacity to foster comprehensive socio-economic development. This makes it imperative for the state to engage in collaborative relationship with civil society which can help to fill up the lacuna created by the lack of state institutional and technical capacity. The critical role of civil society in development is aptly appreciated by some donor institutions and western countries which channel their Official Development Assistance (ODA) to developing countries through civil society organisations for effective implementation.
This research therefore, undertakes an analysis of the way and manner which civil society organisations can complement the development efforts of the state. What makes this research crucial is the belief in some quarters that the state and civil society are often mutually conflicting and perpetually locked in zero sum game. However, this paper discovered that both the state and civil society are mutually reinforcing entities and that development is enhanced when there is collaborative efforts, rather than contestation between them.
Estrategias de intervención institucional
Authors: Vázquez María Inés 
Published: March 2018

Este artículo tiene como propósito compartir algunas reflexiones surgidas de la investigación, en torno a la convivencia de dos modelos de gestión en educación media pública -uno vigente y otro en construcción- promovidos por el denominado Plan 96. Surgen del análisis ciertos "ejes de tensión", cuya resolución podría transformar potenciales amenazas en oportunidades para consolidar los procesos de transformación puestos en marcha. Asimismo se plantean posibles estrategias para fortalecer la gestión, a partir de un abordaje global e integrador.
Caminos posibles para las transformaciones educativas
Authors: Opertti Renato 
Published: March 2018

El objetivo del artículo es presentar y discutir algunos de los puntos claves que se entienden como condiciones necesarias para lograr efectivas transformaciones institucionales y pedagógicas en los procesos de cambio educativo que están ocurriendo en la Educación Media Superior. En primer lugar, se hace hincapié en la necesidad de contar con marcos conceptuales unitarios (por ejemplo, los conceptos de competencias, trayectos y espacios curriculares), comunes al sistema educativo en su conjunto, a partir de los cuales se puedan diseñar estrategias exitosas de modificación curricular con capacidad de articulación hacia adentro y fuera de la Educación Media. En segundo lugar, la centralidad del centro educativo como eje sustento de la innovación se gesta a partir de una dinámica relación entre normas y criterios universales que den credibilidad, orden y transparencia al sistema, y la posibilidad real de ejercer la libertad y asumir la responsabilidad efectiva por lo actuado, desarrollando su propio traje a medida (por ejemplo, los espacios de descentralización curricular). En tercer lugar, la debida jerarquización de las respuestas sustantivamente pedagógicas, generadas a partir de las acciones de centro y áulicas, que permitan superar con respuestas de calidad y acotadas a dimensiones operables, las explicaciones burdas de determinismo contextual. En cuarto lugar, la búsqueda de la triple inclusión de los jóvenes como un actor principal del sistema educativo: en lo que tiene que ver con la comprensión antropológica de sus vivencias y percepciones, la prevención social de situaciones de pobreza y de marginalidad y la preparación para el ejercicio de una ciudadanía competente.
Disparitas Antara Hisab dan Rukyat: Akar Perbedaan dan Kompleksitas Percabangannya
Authors: Aini Shofwatul 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: The one of some problems faced by Moslems in Indonesia is about how to determine the beginning of month of hijri year. It happens because there is no agreement on the criteria of the beginning of month of hijri year. The different ways on the interpreting hadith about the beginning of the month causes emerged of two different streams. On one side, there are some Moslems who use rukyat method (seeing the new moon) as the best way to determine the beginning of the month, usually called as “madzhab rukyat”. On the other side, there are also some Moslems who prefer to use hisab method (counting the position of the new moon) as the best way to determine the beginning of the month, usually called as “madzhab Hisab”. This difference has lead to a discordance among Moslems because it take effect on the way to determine the beginning of Ramadhan, the beginning of Syawal, and determine time to doing Arafah fasting. This article is trying to identify the root of that difference. There is the fact that there are also the new differences which made the gap within each method, so it becomes wider than before. Abstrak: Penentuan awal bulan Hijriyah merupakan salah satu di antara permasalahan yang ada di kalangan umat Islam di Indonesia. Permasalahan ini terjadi karena belum disepakatinya kriteria awal bulan. Perbedaan penafsiran terhadap hadits tentang awal bulan menyebabkan terdapat dua aliran yang berbeda. Di satu sisi, ada sekelompok umat Islam yang menggunakan metode rukyat yang biasanya disebut dengan madzhab rukyat. Di sisi lain, ada juga sebagian umat Islam yang lebih memilih memakai metode hisab, yang kadang dinamakan sebagai madzhab hisab. Perbedaan metode penentuan awal bulan ini kadang menimbulkan perpecahan di kalangan umat Islam karena berkaitan dengan penentuan awal Ramadhan, awal Syawal, dan puasa Arafah. Artikel ini berusaha mengkaji akar perbedaan yang memunculkan metode hisab dan rukyat dalam penentuan awal bulan Hijriyah. Perbedaan antara metode hisab dan metode rukyat semakin bertambah ketika masing-masing dalam metode tersebut pada kenyataannya juga memiliki perbedaan.
Penerapan Wasiat Wajibah Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) Dalam Kajian Normatif Yuridis
Authors: Setiawan Eko 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Wasiat wajibah is a last will and testament allocated to the heirs or relatives who does not acquired the inheritance of the deceased, because of the obstacle of syara. It also can be interpreted as a mandatory gift to the heirs or the families especially grandchilds who were barred from receiving the inheritance because their parents died before their grandparents died, or their parents and their grandparents died together. It is because there are their uncle(s) or aunt(s) who causing them to be barred from receiving the inheritance based on hereditary law. Wasiat wajibah is an exercise of the last will and testament or a message that should be carried out and addressed to the person who has been abandoned. According to Compilation of Islamic Law, the allocation of inheritance for foster child can be done through grants or through wasiat wajibah with the amount should not exceed 1/3 of inheritance of foster parent, this is to protect the other heirs. Abstrak: Wasiat wajibah adalah suatu wasiat yang diperuntukan kepada ahli waris atau kerabat yang tidak memperoleh bagian harta warisan dari orang yang wafat, karena adanya suatu halangan syara. Wasiat wajibah juga dapat diartikan sebagai suatu pemberian yang wajib kepada ahli waris atau kaum keluarga terutama cucu yang terhalang dari menerima harta warisan karena ibu atau ayah mereka meninggal sebelum kakek atau nenek mereka meninggal atau meninggal bersamaan. Ini karena berdasarkan hukum waris mereka terhalang dari mendapat bagian harta peninggalan kakek dan neneknya karena ada ahli waris paman atau bibi kepada cucu tersebut. Wasiat wajibah merupakan suatu pelaksanaan wasiat atau suatu pesan yang harus dilaksanakan dan ditujukan kepada orang yang ditinggalkan (orang yang masih hidup) akan memberikan harta peninggalannya kepada anak angkat. Pembagian harta warisan bagi anak angkat menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam adalah dengan jalan melalui hibah atau dengan jalan wasiat wajibah dengan syarat tidak boleh melebihi 1/3 (sepertiga) dari harta warisan orang tua angkatnya, hal ini untuk melindungi ahli waris lainnya.
Pemakaian Kitab Kuning Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pembelajaran Fiqh di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Berbasis Pesantren di Pamekasan
Authors: Rijal Akh Syaiful 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: This study investigate the problem in the utilization of classic book in fiqh learning in Islamic Junior High School based boarding school in Pamekasan. It deals with how tradition in fiqh learning related to the type of classic book, learning method, book selection, and learning achievement. The teaching and learning of fiqh in Islamic Junior High School based boarding school generally used classic book fiqih from Shafi'i madzhab. The reason for employing the classic book is to preserve the scientific tradition that is occured in the boarding schoool. The method used in fiqh learning is a combination between classic book methods that exists in boarding school, such as bandongan, sorogan, and memorization. The achievement of the fiqih curriculum standard which has been determined by Kemenag is pursued through three approaches, namely (1) integrating fiqh curriculum stipulated by Ministry of Religious Affairs and classic book; (2) khushûshiyah class; and (3) not using specific books from Kemenag.Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas tentang permasalahan penggunaan kitab kuning dalam pembelajaran fiqih pada Madrasah Tsanawiyah berbasis pesantren di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Bagaimana tradisi pemakaian kitab kuning dalam pembelajaran fiqih kaitannya dengan jenis kitab kuning yang digunakan, metode pembelajaran, latarbelakang pemilihan kitab, dan capaian pembelajarannya. Pemakaian kitab kuning dalam pembelajaran fiqih di MTs berbasis pesantren pada umumnya menggunakan kitab adalah kitab kuning fiqih bermadzhab Syafi’i. Motif pemakaian kitab kuning adalah untuk melestarikan tradisi keilmuan yang sudah establish di pesantren dan pengenalan kitab kuning pada para santri. Metode yang dipakai dalam pembelajaran fiqih adalah penggabungan antar metode pembelajaran kitab kuning yang ada di pesantren yaitu bandongan, sorogan, dan hafalan. Pencapaian standar kurikulum fiqih yang telah ditentukan oleh Kemenag, ditempuh melalui tiga pendekatan: (1) memadukan antara fiqih kurikulum Kemenag dan fiqih kitab; (2) kelas khushûshiyah; dan (3) tidak memakai buku Kemenag secara khusus.
Digital Slickline Using a Novel RF Transceiver: Case Studies in Kuparuk River: North Slope, Alaska
Authors: Heaney F. M. , Taylor C. , Wiese T. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The Kuparuk River unit (KRU) on the North Slope of Alaska is a maturing asset providing a variety of well intervention opportunities necessary to maintain production. Because of the high well count, interventions need to be efficient, and the traditional slickline and electrical line model are being challenged. The primary concern is the multiple rig ups and rig downs to complete the scope of work, but there are also local concerns, such as maintaining a workable equipment schedule in a cold-weather region. Another unique feature of the KRU is that many of the wells have scale deposits.
Digital slickline (DSL) has been successfully used in the KRU and was highlighted in previous papers (Wiese 2015). The ability to have real-time depth correlation with a casing collar locator (CCL) and optional gamma ray (GR) during slickline runs and completing the traditional electric line services (i.e., packer set, perforating, etc.) is a game changer that dramatically helps improve intervention efficiency. A previous challenge was maintaining real-time communications in areas where there is excess scale buildup. To circumvent this issue, a new protocol was developed using a radio frequency (RF) antenna to provide half duplex communications with a coated slickline. This methodology doesnot require the tool housing to contact the tubular to complete the signal transmission.
In 2017, more than 400 digital subscriber line (DSL) runs covering a wide variety of tasks were successfully completed, including removing and replacing gas-lift valves, fishing packers, string shots, perforating, setting packers, and patches. An interesting result of the KRU digital slickline interventions was that approximately 60% of the runs were slickline centric involving jars and 40% were considered e-line replacement services. This trend suggests that a successful product should be able to complete all typical slickline runs to maintain the efficiency advantage.
Comprehensive Review of Well Tractor Technology in Highly Extended Reach Wells
Authors: Badeghaish Wael , Noui-Mehidi Mohamed N. , Al-Mulhem Abdulrahman A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Oil and gas wells are drilled with horizontal and multilateral architecture to improve reservoir contact and maximize production. To evaluate the performance of these wells, coiled tubing (CT) and Wireline (WL) conveyance are routinely used. CT inherently have many technical issues such as lock-up. The WL cannot reach the target depth. To address these challenges, the oil industry introduced well tractors that are combined with CT and WL to offer a significant improvement in well accessibility for all types of open- hole horizontal wells by providing extra pulling force to pull CT and WL all the way to target depth. The objective of this article is to evaluate most of the well tractor technology used in logging and stimulation operations. Moreover, the development of a new slim tractor with improved gripping and pulling force with ability to pass through restrictions in electrical submersible pump (ESP) is presented. This study can help identify areas of improvement for tractor capabilities in future operations.
Laboratory and Field Performance of Mechanically Damaged New Technology Coiled Tubing
Authors: Rolovic R. , Reichert B. A. , Cravero S. , Valdez M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The new coiled tubing (CT) manufacturing technology that uses new steels with optimized chemical compositions and full microstructure transformation heat treatments has been proven in field applications over the last three years. The observed useful field life is typically two to four times longer than the life of comparable conventional CT strings in similar operations in the same operating regions. The most common reason for the new technology CT string retirement or failure has been CT string mechanical damage, such as gouges, plough marks and dents. In this study the field life of new technology strings mechanically damaged in field operations is compared to the field life of a large population of similar conventional CT strings used in similar operations in the same regions. Additionally, laboratory testing results for both undamaged and damaged CT are presented and compared to conventional CT results for the same CT damage and test conditions. Full size CT samples were used for laboratory testing of damaged CT. Sharp transverse tubing cuts were made to specific wall thickness depths and tested in the standard fatigue machine to failure under different internal pressures. Some samples with operational damage were also tested in the fatigue machine to determine the remaining life of CT strings with real-life field damage.
Laboratory test results show that the new technology CT grades do not only keep the large advantage observed for undamaged CT but also increase the fatigue life advantage for the same CT damage, even when the higher strength HT-125 grade is compared to the lower strength conventional CT-110 grade. Testing of new technology CT sections containing real-life operational damage shows that there is still a substantial life remaining even after relatively severe CT damage. Field data show that mechanically damaged new technology CT strings have had, on average, more than twice as long operational life compared to the average operational life of conventional CT-110 and CT-100 strings used in similar operations in the same regions. This shows that the new technology CT is more damage tolerant, which provides additional reductions in operational risks and cost and enables more reliable and longer CT string utilization even when the CT string suffers damage of usual operational nature and severity.
Past and Present Coiled Tubing String Failures - History and Recent New Failures Mechanisms
Authors: Padron T. , Craig S. H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
As a result of many industry efforts, the premature fatigue failure of undamaged coiled tubing (CT) strings is almost negligible. However, despite the current understanding and control of low-cycle fatigue, CT string failures remain present in the industry. Several prior technical publications reviewed the causes and trends of CT string failures that occurred within the period of 1994 to 2005. This paper will review CT failures mechanisms and trends as observed over the last twelve years and compare them to the prior ten years period. It will also review the new failure mechanisms that have appeared with more challenging operational conditions and the associated actions taken to reduce their influence.
Within one major service company, all failures that occur are analyzed for the root cause(s) of failure. This results in the identification of corrective actions to avoid their recurrence. Statistical data is kept to observe trends on failure causes.
Several technical publications show that approximately 80% – 90% of CT string failures within the period of 1994 to 2005 were associated with corrosion, mechanical damage, human error, and string manufacturing problems. Actions taken in the last two decades by the CT services companies, and constant improvement implemented by CT manufacturers have reduced the influence of some of these causes. However, work in ever-more challenging well conditions (such as higher pressures, temperatures, and depths), the need to use larger-diameter and higher-strength CT, and the use of recycled fluids for the interventions, have created new issues and introduced new CT failure mechanisms. The new mechanisms within the industry include: microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), premature fatigue failures on bias welds of high-strength grades, and mechanical damage associated with pipe slippages.
This paper will compare the failure trends reported for the period before 2005 with the trends observed for this service company within the period of 12 years after 2005 (i.e., from 2006 to 2017). The changes in the failures trends are analyzed, and examples of the newer CT failure mechanisms and the mitigating actions taken are presented.