bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of material orientation, loading angle, and single-shot repetition of laser shock peening on surface roughness properties
Authors: Lebea Lebogang , Desai Dawood , Ngwangwa Harry , Nemavhola Fulufhelo 
Published: November 2024

Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is extensively utilized in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. The design of dental implant surface textures has changed throughout time to address issues with oral rehabilitation in both healthy and damaged bones. The longevity of an implant is significantly impacted by surface roughness. This study examines the use of laser shock peening (LSP) as a surface modification technique to improve the mechanical properties of implants. A numerical model is developed using the commercial finite elements software in ABAQUS/Explicit for simulating dynamic conditions. The aim of the study is to develop surface roughness parameters using computational methods such as studies have not yet been contemplated. The single shot angle, shot repeat, time, material orientation, and laser power are applied for the first time simultaneously to evaluate the impact of material orientation and loading angles on surface roughness parameters. The study showed that the developed computational model’s compressive residual stress was −578.45 MPa, while the experimental samples were −592.18 MPa. Consequently, the difference between the computational and experimental results was 2.32%. Without regard to material orientation or angle, the compressive residual stress of the samples under examination was found to be −578.450 MPa after three repetitions and to decreased to −1.620 MPa after four. These results demonstrate that by varying the material orientation and loading angle, the Ra value may be increased four times.
αvβ6-integrin targeted PET/CT imaging in pancreatic cancer patients using 68Ga-Trivehexin
Authors: Rehm Jana , Winzer Robert , Pretze Marc , Müller Juliane , Notni Johannes , Hempel Sebastian , Distler Marius , Folprecht Gunnar , Kotzerke Jörg 
Published: November 2024

Purpose68Ga-Trivehexin is a PET tracer targeting αvβ6-integrin, a transmembrane receptor that is frequently expressed by pancreatic cancer cells. This study aimed to determine the biokinetics, image contrast, and acquisition parameters for 68Ga-Trivehexin PET imaging in pancreatic cancers.Methods44 patients with pancreatic cancer underwent Trivehexin PET/CT between June 2021 and November 2022 (EK-242052023). Biokinetics and -distribution were extracted. Previous imaging follow-up imaging, and histological findings were used as reference standards. A one-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc test was conducted. T-tests for subgroups ± chemotherapy prior to PET were performed. Based on dynamic PET data (n = 11) recorded over 45 min, time-activity curves were generated.Results68Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT detected 40 pancreatic cancers, SUVmax 12.6; range [5.1–30.8]; 39 liver metastases, SUVmax 7.9 [2.7–16.3]; 21 lymph node metastases, SUVmax 8.6 [2.5–15.0]; 17 peritoneal metastases, SUVmax 9.5 [4.0–16.9] and 14 other metastases, SUVmax 7.2 [2.9–13.1]. Tukey post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences for SUVmax in pancreatic cancer compared to SUVmax in liver metastases [4.74, 95%-CI (1.74, 7.75)], for SUVmax in pancreatic cancer to SUVmax in lymph node metastasis [4.07, 95%-CI (0.47, 7. 67)], for tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) of liver metastasis to TLR of pancreatic cancer [1.82, 95%-CI (0.83, 2.80)], for TLR of pancreatic cancer to TLR of peritoneal carcinomatoses [−1.88, 95%-CI (−3.15, −0.61)], and TLR of pancreatic cancer to TLR of pleural carcinomatosis [−2.79, 95%-CI (−5.42, −0.18)]. When comparing subgroups ± chemotherapy prior to PET, TLR of pancreatic cancers and TLR of peritoneal carcinomatoses were significantly different. At 45 min p.i., the highest tumor-to-backround (TBR) was observed.Conclusion68Ga-Trivehexin is suitable for imaging of αvβ6-integrin expression in pancreatic cancer due to its ability to distinguish primary carcinoma and metastases from background tissue.
The effects of vitamin D levels on physical, mental health, and sleep quality in adults: a comprehensive investigation
Authors: Singh Anurag Kumar , Kumar Sachin , Mishra Shivang , Rajotiya Sumit , Debnath Sourav , Raj Preeti , Bareth Hemant , Singh Mahaveer , Nathiya Deepak , Tomar Balvir Singh 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundVitamin D, essential hormone for endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine functions. A billion people are deficient globally which contributing to numerous health issues. This study explores the link between vitamin D levels and sleep quality, impacting mental and physical health in adults.MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Nims Hospital, Jaipur, involving 484 adults’ participants. Blood samples were collected for serum 25(OH) D measurements. Data were gathered using the SF-36 and ISI questionnaires to assess health and sleep quality.ResultsHigher vitamin D levels were strongly linked to better physical health, including physical function (r = 0.642, p &lt; 0.001), general health (r = 0.560, p &lt; 0.001), and PCS score (r = 0.441, p &lt; 0.001). Vitamin D also positively impacted social functioning (r = 0.096, p = 0.035) and was negatively related to ISI scores (r = −0.112, p = 0.014).ConclusionThe study highlights a strong link between higher vitamin D levels and improved physical and mental health, with significant negative correlation to ISI scores. This underscores the importance of adequate vitamin D for overall well-being. The findings call for urgent measures to address vitamin D deficiency and further research into its health impacts.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Ke , Zeng Kaihong , Jin Shanshan , Ma Yu , Cai Limei , Xu Ping , Nie Yang , Luo Li , Yu Qinghua , Liu Changqi 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe goal of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05, as an adjunct to the treatment of acute watery diarrhea in children.MethodsEligible diarrheal children were randomized into intervention group (IG, n = 57) and control group (CG, n = 54), and given probiotics or placebo, respectively.ResultsThe total duration of diarrhea in the IG (121.4 ± 13.7 h) was significantly shorter than that in the CG (143.9 ± 19.8 h, p &lt; 0.001). More children in the IG showed improvements in diarrhea than those in the CG for both per protocol analysis (70.2 vs. 46.3%, p = 0.01) and intention-to-treat analysis (66.7 vs. 41.7%, p = 0.003). The LL-37 levels in the IG was markedly higher than that in the CG after the intervention (4349.35 ± 1143.86 pg./g vs. 3682.49 ± 869.21 pg./g, p = 0.039). The intervention led to higher abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and lower abundance of Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Bacteroides fragilis (p &lt; 0.05). LRa05 treatment upregulated the functional genes of gut microbiota involving immunity regulation.DiscussionAdministration of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LRa05 at a dose of 5 × 109 CFU/day to children aged 0-3 years resulted in shorter duration of diarrhea, faster improvement in fecal consistency, and beneficial changes in gut microbiome composition and gene functions.Clinical trial registrationThe present study has been approved and registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Center with the registration number of ChiCTR2100053700 (https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=141082).
Efficacy and safety of different noninvasive ventilation strategies for postextubation respiratory support in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Jiayi , Mei Hua , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Jie , Huo Mengyue , Xin Chun 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThe study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different noninvasive ventilation (NIV) modalities as primary respiratory support following extubation in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS).MethodsA search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang database, VIP, and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases with a search time limit of April 2024 for the year of construction, and included randomized controlled clinical trials of different modes of noninvasive respiratory support after extubation in NRDS. The primary outcome indicators were the need for re-tracheal intubation within 72 h of extubation on noninvasive ventilatory support and carbon dioxide retention (PCO2) 24 h after extubation. Secondary outcome indicators included the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), nasal injury, pneumothorax, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular white matter softening (PVL), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and mortality rate. A systematic review and network meta-analysis of the literature was performed by two investigators who screened, extracted, and evaluated the quality of the data. A systematic review and network meta-analysis were then performed using R software.ResultsA total of 23 studies involving 2,331 neonates were analyzed. These studies examined four noninvasive respiratory modalities: continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (NCPAP), noninvasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation (N-BiPAP), and noninvasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (NHFOV). Results indicated that NHFOV, NIPPV, and N-BiPAP were significantly more effective than NCPAP in reducing the risk of reintubation (all P &lt; 0.05), with NHFOV being the most effective. For carbon dioxide clearance, NHFOV outperformed both NIPPV and NCPAP (P &lt; 0.05). Regarding the reduction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) incidence, NHFOV and NIPPV showed a significant advantage over NCPAP.ConclusionsThis network meta-analysis (NMA) suggested that NHFOV is the most effective mode of noninvasive respiratory support post-extubation, while NCPAP is the least effective. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number and quality of the studies included.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier (CRD42024544886).
Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes interfering with the metabolic process of specific clinical drugs
Authors: Li Dawei , Lin Yuxin , Lv Xia , Wu Yuzhuo , Han Chaoyan , Cao Peng , Zhang Guixin , Leng Aijing , Zhou Jian , Wang Chao 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundGanoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), which possesses various biological effects, has been widely used as traditional medicine and functional food in Asian countries, especially China. In consideration of its various biological effects on human healthcare, G. lucidum was usually used in combination with other drugs. However, the potential drug-drug interaction induced by G. lucidum through cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) remain unknown.MethodsUsing the in vivo activity assay of CYPs, the inhibitory effects of G. lucidum and its constituents could be evaluated. The interference of G. lucidum on the metabolic processes of clinical drugs could be investigated. The chemical constituents of G. lucidum could be identified using LC-MS. The interaction between bioactive compounds and CYPs could be proposed through in silico docking analysis and molecular dynamics.ResultsThe dichloromethane extract of G. lucidum could inhibit various CYP450 subtypes in vitro and interfere with the pharmacokinetics of four drugs in rats. Triterpenoids were identified as the main constituents of the dichloromethane extract by Q-TOF-MSn in preliminary analyses. Then, a triterpenoid library containing 66 compounds was established to evaluate their inhibitory effects against CYP 1A2, 2D6, 3A4, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, and 2C19. CYP 1A2 was inhibited by most lanostane triterpenoids, indicating a strong affinity for these compounds. Among triterpenoids, compound 25 displayed a broad inhibitory effect against CYPs, except for CYP 3A4, 2D6, 2C9, and 2C19. Finally, compounds 6 and 25 exhibited interference with the metabolism of 16 drugs through the inhibition of CYPs in vitro. In silico molecular docking analyses for assaying the interaction between compound 25 and CYPs indicated that the hydrogen bonds formed between the hydroxyl groups and amino acid residues.ConclusionG. lucidum displayed broad inhibitory effects on CYPs, with triterpenoids as the main bioactive constituents, which may induce potential drug-drug interaction. This information should be helpful for the rational use of G. lucidum in promoting human health.
Dynamics of stand density and self-thinning in Chinese fir plantations: theoretical insights and empirical validation
Authors: Long Shisheng , Zeng Siqi , Wang Guangxing 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionStand density management is essential for adaptive silviculture, thinning decisions, growth modeling, and yield prediction in forestry, particularly for plantations. Despite extensive research on self-thinning rules and the maximum size-density law, significant gaps remain in the biophysical understanding and validation of the relationships among key stand variables and parameters.MethodsThis study theoretically explored and validated the relationship between maximum size-density and two key metrics: average diameter at breast height (D) and tree height (H). We used time-series data from a 30-year clear-cut, fully stocked Chinese fir plantation, a fast-growing commercial species in China, for validation.ResultsA growth balance status for fully stocked stands was proposed, wherein prior to self-thinning, the growth rate of the stand basal area (G) aligns with that of the average tree height (H), expressed as G'/(G−b0)=H'/H and approaching a constant slope, b1. Generalized maximum size-density and stand density index (SDI) equations were developed: N1.0=A×D−2 and SDI=A⋅D−2 with A=4×(b0+b1H)/π, differing from traditional equations. Additionally, a generalized self-thinning equation, v=kHqN1.0−1 or w=c1HqN1.0−1, was introduced, indicating that in fully stocked stands, tree volume or biomass depends on both tree height and tree count.DiscussionThese findings advance understanding of the maximum size-density law and self-thinning boundary, providing refined tools for managing stand density in Chinese fir plantations.
Systematic characterization of extracellular vesicles from potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Laura) roots and peels: biophysical properties and proteomic profiling
Authors: Ekanayake Gayandi , Piibor Johanna , Midekessa Getnet , Godakumara Kasun , Dissanayake Keerthie , Andronowska Aneta , Bhat Rajeev , Fazeli Alireza 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionExtracellular vesicles (EVs) facilitate inter and intra-species/kingdom communication through biomolecule transfer, including proteins and small RNAs. Plant-derived EVs, a hot topic in the field, hold immense capability both as a potential biomarker to study plant physiology and as a biomaterial that can be mass-produced to be used in various industries ranging from cosmetics and food additives to biological pesticides. However, a systematic characterization of plant EVs is required to establish a foundation for further applications and studies.MethodsIn this study, EVs were enriched from hydroponically cultivated potato plants (Solanum tuberosum, cv. Laura). We isolated EVs from root exudates and the apoplastic wash of potato peels using vacuum infiltration. These EVs were then systematically characterized for their biophysical and chemical properties to compare with standard EV characteristics and to explore their roles in plant physiology.ResultsBiophysical and chemical analyses revealed morphological similarities between potato root and peel-derived EVs. The average diameter of root-derived EVs (164.6 ± 7.3 nm) was significantly larger than that of peel-derived EVs (132.2 ± 2.0 nm, p &lt; 0.004). Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) demonstrated substantial protein enrichment in purified EVs compared to crude samples, with a 42% enrichment for root EVs and 25% for peel EVs. Only 11.8% of the identified proteins were common between root and peel EVs, with just 2% of significantly enriched proteins shared. Enriched pathways in both EV proteomes were associated with responses to biotic and abiotic stress, suggesting a defensive role of EVs in plants.DiscussionWith further experimentation to elucidate the specific methods of communication, these findings increase the details known about plant EVs in terms of their physical and chemical characteristics and their potential functions, aiding in sustainable agricultural waste utilization for large-scale EV production, aligning with the concept of “valorization”.
Seasonal changes of mineral nutrient absorption and allocation in the branch and leaf of Zanthoxylum bungeanum ‘Hanyuan’ during the fruit development
Authors: Lu Shuaijie , Xv Jing , Gong Yuanjia , Gong Wei , Hui Wenkai , Qiu Jing , Zhai Yafang , Wang Jingyan 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThe dynamic changes of mineral nutrients in the leaf and branch of Zanthoxylum bungeanum ‘Hanyuan’ during fruit development can serve as a basis for nutrient diagnosis and scientific fertilization.MethodsThe content of Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the branch and leaf were measured using current-year shoots of 10-year-old Z. bungeanum ‘Hanyuan’ during the fruit development period, and the corresponding nutrient content in soil of the orchard were also determined to explore the nutrient demand patterns of Z. bungeanum ‘Hanyuan’ trees.ResultsBoth branch and leaf exhibited relatively high levels of various nutrients during the early stages of fruit growth, then declined temporarily. At fruit maturity, the content of Ca and K in branches was the highest, while the content of Ca and N in leaves was the highest. At fruit maturity, the average nutrient content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the branches and leaves were 17.25 g/kg, 1.99 g/kg, 18.84 g/kg, 26.14 g/kg, 3.69 g/kg, 215.61 mg/kg, 248.85 mg/kg, 13.08 mg/kg, and 53.77 mg/kg. The N, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn content in the branches and leaves significantly correlated with those nutrients content in the soil.DiscussionThe appropriate period for nutrient diagnosis of Z. bungeanum is 39−86 d after flowering (AF), with the critical period for branch and leaf nutrient requirements being 1−39 d AF. This provides a basis for nutrient supplements in Z. bungeanum ‘Hanyuan’ orchards management.
Adequate antenatal care service utilizations after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wondmeneh Temesgen Gebeyehu , Solomon Tadesse Zelalem 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe world faces great difficulty in continuing to provide essential maternity health care after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic Many women have trouble accessing maternity healthcare due to fear of infection. A decline in the utilization of maternity health services is suggested to worsen adequate antenatal care service utilization. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled estimate of adequate antenatal care service utilization after the onset of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.MethodsThe searching of articles was carried out on Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINHAL, Google Scholar, African journals online, and the institutional repository of Ethiopian universities. Using a Microsoft Excel standardized spreadsheet, the data were extracted. A random effect model was used to determine a pooled estimate of adequate antenatal care utilization. I2 statistics were used to quantify the amount of heterogeneity. The evidence of publication bias was examined using Egger's regression test and a visual inspection of the funnel plot. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also carried out.ResultsFinally, this systematic review and meta-analysis included 11 eligible articles. The overall pooled estimate of adequate antenatal care service utilization after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia was 46.28% (95% CI: 35.32%−57.26%). There is a substantial amount of heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99.07%, p &lt; 0.001). Pregnant women who visited antenatal care early were 10.9 times more likely to have adequate antenatal care utilization than those without early visits (AOR = 10.93, 95% CI: 7.2–14.66).ConclusionIn this review, the percentage of women who utilized adequate antenatal care after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia was less than half. Early antenatal care visit is an important factor to achieve adequate antenatal care service utilizations.Systematic review registration: CRD42023495279.
The crowding-out effect of physical fitness activities on medical expenditure in the aged group
Authors: Liu Tao , Yao Yujiao , Yang Zhandong , Li Kaigeng , Yu Tao , Xia Yalong 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionChina is facing the challenge of “deep aging”, and promoting healthy aging has become a key research topic. Both medical care and physical exercise are important for health, but while medical services focus on treating illness, physical fitness activities focus on prevention, making them a more effective approach for promoting healthy aging.MethodsThis study uses data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), focusing on individuals aged 60 to 80, to investigate the relationship between physical fitness activities and medical expenditures. A Tobit model was employed to analyze the data.Results(1) Active participation in physical fitness activities significantly improves the health of older adults, making physical activity an essential pathway to achieve healthy aging. (2) Participation in sports and fitness activities leads to a crowding-out effect on medical expenditures, significantly reducing healthcare costs for participants. (3) High-intensity physical activities are most suitable for individuals aged 60-65, moderate-intensity activities for those aged 66-70, and low-intensity activities for those aged 71–80.Discussion(1) Policies should focus on raising awareness of physical fitness benefits among older adults, encouraging regular physical activity to improve health and reduce medical costs. (2) A shift from treatment to prevention in health management is needed, promoting exercise as a cost-effective way to reduce healthcare spending. (3) Age-specific fitness guidelines should be developed to provide tailored exercise recommendations for different older aldult age groups.