bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dehydration of 1,5‐Pentanediol over Na‐Doped CeO2 Catalysts
Authors: Gnanamani Muthu Kumaran , Jacobs Gary , Martinelli Michela , Shafer Wilson D. , Hopps Shelley D. , Thomas Gerald A. , Davis Burtron H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe effects of CeO2 doped with Na on the dehydration of 1,5‐pentanediol were studied by using a fixed‐bed reactor at two different temperatures (350 and 400 °C) and atmospheric pressure. For characterization, BET surface area, hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction, CO2 temperature‐programmed desorption, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy techniques were utilized. The conversion of the diol on CeO2 was found to depend on Na loading. The selectivity to the desired product (i.e., unsaturated alcohol) increased and the selectivity to undesired products (i.e., tetrahydropyran, tetrahydropyran‐2‐one, cyclopentanol and cylopentanone) decreased with increasing Na content on CeO2. The basicity of hydroxyl groups or surface oxygen on CeO2 was altered with the addition of Na, and controlled the dehydration reaction pathway.
Limitations during the Resolution of (±)‐Epinephrine by Using Tartaric Acid
Authors: Couvrat Nicolas , Mahieux Julien , Sanselme Morgane , Coquerel Gérard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAttempts to perform Pasteurian resolution on epinephrine (or adrenaline) hydrogeno‐tartrate always lead to limited enrichments in (–)‐epinephrine. Structural and thermal investigations are performed on the diastereomeric system to understand this behavior. The analyses revealed the existence of a (metastable) total solid solution between the two anhydrous diastereomeric salts. This solid solution is partially inhibited by the crystallization of a stable hydrate; nevertheless, its extension still prevents high enrichment by single‐step crystallization. Phase diagrams are proposed to illustrate this non‐favored and non‐predictable behavior.
Near‐Infrared Spectrum Analysis to Determine Relationships between Biochemical Composition and Anaerobic Digestion Performances
Authors: Charnier Cyrille , Latrille Eric , Roger Jean-Michel , Miroux Jérémie , Steyer Jean-Philippe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNear‐infrared spectrum analysis coupled with partial least squares regression can predict anaerobic digestion performances. Nonetheless, due to the complexity and diversity of organic matter, a detailed assessment of the effects of the composition of organic matter on biogas production remains a great challenge. Based on 275 samples representing a wide diversity of substrates, the application of the partial least square b coefficients to assess the effects of the involved molecules on the performances of anaerobic digestion processes is discussed. In particular, to accurately predict variables, there is a need to account for the whole near‐infrared spectrum. The characterization of organic matter involving proteins, carbohydrate and lipid contents, chemical demand in oxygen, biodegradability, methane yield, and methane production kinetics data is demonstrated.
The Volume of Fluid Method, a Method for the Simulation of Two‐Phase Flow
Authors: Ghaib Karim 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDie numerische Strömungsmechanik gewann in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmend an Bedeutung. Verantwortlich dafür war zum einen die kontinuierlich steigende Leistung der Rechner, zum anderen die Entwicklung mathematisch‐physikalischer Rechenmodelle und numerischer Lösungsalgorithmen, die eine realitätsnahe Simulation komplexer Strömungsvorgänge erlauben. In dieser Arbeit wird die Volume‐of‐Fluid‐Methode eingesetzt, um eine Zweiphasenströmung in einem Rohr zu simulieren. Die Effekte des Kontaktwinkels, der Temperatur und des Massenstroms der Gasphase auf die Form der flüssigen Phase werden untersucht.
From Conventional Lewis Acids to Heterogeneous Montmorillonite K10: Eco‐Friendly Plant‐Based Catalysts Used as Green Lewis Acids
Authors: Hechelski Marie , Ghinet Alina , Louvel Brice , Dufrénoy Pierrick , Rigo Benoît , Daïch Adam , Waterlot Christophe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe concept of green chemistry began in the USA in the 1990s. Since the publication of the 12 principles of this concept, many reactions in organic chemistry have been developed, and chemical products have been synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions. Lewis acid mediated synthetic transformations are by far the most numerous and best studied. However, the use of certain Lewis acids may cause risks to environmental and human health. This Review discusses the evolution of Lewis acid catalyzed reactions from a homogeneous liquid phase to the solid phase to yield the expected organic molecules under green, safe conditions. In particular, recent developments and applications of biosourced catalysts from plants are highlighted.
Contrasting geographic structure in evolutionarily divergent Lake Tanganyika catfishes
Authors: Peart Claire R. , Dasmahapatra Kanchon K. , Day Julia J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGeographic isolation is suggested to be among the most important processes in the generation of cichlid fish diversity in East Africa's Great Lakes, both through isolation by distance and fluctuating connectivity caused by changing lake levels. However, even broad scale phylogeographic patterns are currently unknown in many non‐cichlid littoral taxa from these systems. To begin to address this, we generated restriction‐site‐associatedDNAsequence (RADseq) data to investigate phylogeographic structure throughout Lake Tanganyika (LT) in two broadly sympatric rocky shore catfish species from independent evolutionary radiations with differing behaviors: the mouthbrooding claroteine,Lophiobagrus cyclurus, and the brood‐parasite mochokid,Synodontis multipunctatus. Our results indicated contrasting patterns between these species, with strong lake‐wide phylogeographic signal inL. cyclurusincluding a deep divergence between the northern and southern lake basins. Further structuring of these populations was observed across a heterogeneous habitat over much smaller distances. Strong population growth was observed inL. cyclurussampled from shallow shorelines, suggesting population growth associated with the colonization of new habitats following lake‐level rises. Conversely,S. multipunctatus, which occupies a broader depth range, showed little phylogeographic structure and lower rates of population growth. Our findings suggest that isolation by distance and/or habitat barriers may play a role in the divergence of non‐cichlid fishes in LT, but this effect varies by species.
Genetic and epigenetic variations associated with adaptation to heterogeneous habitat conditions in a deciduous shrub
Authors: Lele Liu , Ning Du , Cuiping Pei , Xiao Guo , Weihua Guo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEnvironmentally induced phenotypic plasticity is thought to play an important role in the adaption of plant populations to heterogeneous habitat conditions, and yet the importance of epigenetic variation as a mechanism of adaptive plasticity in natural plant populations still merits further research. In this study, we investigated populations of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla (Chinese chastetree) from adjacent habitat types at seven sampling sites. Using several functional traits, we detected a significant differentiation between habitat types. With amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and methylation‐sensitive AFLP (MSAP), we found relatively high levels of genetic and epigenetic diversity but very low genetic and epigenetic differences between habitats within sites. Bayesian clustering showed a remarkable habitat‐related differentiation and more genetic loci associated with the habitat type than epigenetic, suggesting that the adaptation to the habitat is genetically based. However, we did not find any significant correlation between genetic or epigenetic variation and habitat using simple and partial Mantel tests. Moreover, we found no correlation between genetic and ecologically relevant phenotypic variation and a significant correlation between epigenetic and phenotypic variation. Although we did not find any direct relationship between epigenetic variation and habitat environment, our findings suggest that epigenetic variation may complement genetic variation as a source of functional phenotypic diversity associated with adaptation to the heterogeneous habitat in natural plant populations.
Fire enhances the complexity of forest structure in alpine treeline ecotones
Authors: Cansler C. Alina , McKenzie Donald , Halpern Charles B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlpine treelines are expected to move upward in a warming climate, but downward in response to increases in wildfire. We studied the effects of fire on vegetation structure and composition across four alpine treeline ecotones extending fromAbies lasiocarpa/Picea engelmanniiforests at lower elevations, throughPinus albicaulis/Larix lyalliiparkland, to alpine tundra. We estimated the probabilities of burning and transitions between states following fire among four canopy‐cover (structural) classes: non‐forest (0% tree cover), sparse woodland (<10% tree cover), open forest (10–40% tree cover), and closed forest (>40% tree cover). We also evaluated changes in the size structure and composition of live overstory trees (≥1.4 m height) due to mortality following fire. The severity and resulting effects of fire varied among structural classes: Non‐forest was less likely to burn than the landscape as a whole; open forest was more likely to remain forest than to change to non‐forest; and closed forest never changed to non‐forest, irrespective of burn severity. Higher‐severity fires caused greater mortality of larger‐diameter trees than of smaller‐diameter trees. Our results suggest that structural components of the alpine treeline will not respond unidirectionally to a warming climate nor to an increase in fire. Instead, the ecotone will expand bidirectionally and develop larger, more heterogeneous patches of vegetation.
Lead‐Free Pyroelectric Materials for Thermal Energy Harvesting: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kumar Anuruddh , Vaish Rahul , Kumar Sidhant , Singh V. P. , Vaish Manish , Singh Chauhan Vishal , Srikanth K S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe thermal energy harvesting potential of different pyroelectric materials including Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O5 (SBN), [Bi0.48Na0.4032K0.0768] Sr0.04(Ti0.975Nb0.025)O3 (BNT‐Nb), Ba0.85Sr0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BST‐BZT), Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.1Ti0.9O3 (BCT‐BZT), and Ba0.9Ca0.1TiO3 (BCT) ceramics is compared. Amongst these materials, BCT is found to be best for pyroelectric energy harvesting. Open‐circuit voltages were found to be 1.7 V, 500 mV, 650 mV, 600 mV, and 400 mV for BCT, SBN, BCT‐BZT, BST‐BZT, and BNT‐Nb, respectively. BCT is further analyzed, revealing an optimum power output of 0.072 μW at the optimized cycle frequency (0.06 Hz) and at a load resistance of 18 MΩ. To improve the effectiveness of energy conversion from heat to electricity, the synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) technique is experimentally tested on a BCT sample. It is revealed that this concept based on SSHI can significantly increase the amount of power extracted from pyroelectric materials. Compared with 0.072 μW across a standard circuit in a BCT sample, an enhanced power output of 0.16 μW and 0.14 μW is obtained using parallel and series SSHI, respectively at 0.06 Hz. The results reveal that the non‐linear processing technique based on SSHI leads to significant power improvement compared to non‐switched interface.
Video didactic at the point of care impacts hand hygiene compliance in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
Authors: Hoang Danthanh , Khawar Nayaab , George Maria , Gad Ashraf , Sy Farrah , Narula Pramod 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo increase the hand‐washing (HW) duration of staff and visitors in the NICU to a minimum of 20 seconds as recommended by the CDC.MethodsIntervention included video didactic triggered by motion sensor to play above wash basin. Video enacted Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HW technique in real time and displayed timer of 20 seconds. HW was reviewed from surveillance video. Swabs of hands plated and observed for qualitative growth (QG) of bacterial colonies.ResultsIn visitors, the mean HW duration at baseline was 16.3 seconds and increased to 23.4 seconds at the 2‐week interval (p = .003) and 22.9 seconds at the 9‐month interval (p < .0005). In staff, the mean HW duration at baseline was 18.4 seconds and increased to 29.0 seconds at 2‐week interval (p = .001) and 25.7 seconds at the 9‐month interval (p < .0005). In visitors, HW compliance at baseline was 33% and increased to 52% at the 2‐week interval (p = .076) and 69% at the 9‐month interval (p = .001). In staff, HW compliance at baseline was 42% and increased to 64% at the 2‐week interval (p = .025) and 72% at the 9‐month interval (p = .001). Increasing HW was significantly associated with linear decrease in bacterial QG.ConclusionsThe intervention significantly increased mean HW time, compliance with a 20‐econd wash time and decreased bacterial QG of hands and these results were sustained over a 9‐month period.
Parent Discrepancies in Ratings of Child Behaviors Following Wartime Deployment
Authors: Chesmore Ashley A. , He Yaliu , Zhang Na , Gewirtz Abigail H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractResearchers have shown that parents often disagree in their ratings of their children's behavior, and that these discrepancies are typically related to child and family characteristics (e.g., child's age, parent psychopathology). Few studies, however, have examined discrepancies in how mothers and fathers rate child behavior during a stressful family context such as a parent's wartime deployment. The present study of 174 military families (children aged 6 to 11 years; 54.0% female) examined whether family factors (parental sense of control, marital satisfaction) and contextual risk factors related to a parent's wartime deployment (number and length of deployments, battle experiences, and posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] symptoms) were associated with discrepancies in how mothers and fathers rated internalizing and externalizing behaviors in their children. Using a latent congruency model, our results showed that when parents self‐reported higher levels of PTSD symptoms, both mothers, β = −.33, p = .021, and fathers, β = .41, p = .026, tended to also report higher levels of internalizing symptoms in their child, relative to what their spouse reported. In comparison to mothers, fathers also tended to report higher levels of child externalizing symptoms, β = .44, p = .019. Our findings may help clinicians understand how parent mental health within a stressful family context relates and/or informs a parent's ratings on assessments of his or her child's internalizing and externalizing symptoms.
Aspirin does not prevent growth of vestibular schwannomas: A case‐control study
Authors: MacKeith Samuel , Wasson Joseph , Baker Charlotte , Guilfoyle Matthew , John Deepa , Donnelly Neil , Mannion Richard , Jefferies Sarah , Axon Patrick , Tysome James R. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine if aspirin intake is associated with reduced growth of vestibular schwannomas (VS). To determine the prevalence of contraindications to regular aspirin in patients with VS.Study DesignRetrospective, observational case‐control study.MethodsThe study utilized a postal questionnaire and telephone interviews to determine aspirin exposure. Propensity score matching was used to control for age, sex, and tumor size. Cases were defined as patients with VS proven to have grown on serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Controls were defined as patient with VS stable on serial MRI. Prevalence of regular aspirin use was compared in patients with growing VS versus stable VS. Absolute and relative contraindications to aspirin intake were recorded.ResultsSix hundred fifty‐three patients with VS were contacted, and responses were received by 67% (220 cases and 217 controls). The mean tumor size was 11.3 mm (9.0 mm and 13.3 mm in controls and cases, respectively). Aspirin exposure was more common in stable VS than growing VS (22.1% vs. 17.3%). However, following matching to control for covariates, aspirin was not found to be associated with VS stability (P = .475). Multiple logistic regression (analysis of variance) found tumor size to be the only factor strongly associated with tumor growth (P < .0001). Ninety‐two percent of patients were able to take aspirin, with the majority being at low risk of complications from regular use.ConclusionsThis study aimed to examine the relationship between aspirin intake and VS stability. In contrast to previous reports, after controlling for covariates, the findings do not demonstrate an association. Only tumor size at diagnosis appears predictive of risk of VS growth.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 128:2139–2144, 2018
Early‐Stage Incorporation Strategy for Regioselective Labeling of Peptides using the 2‐Cyanobenzothiazole/1,2‐Aminothiol Bioorthogonal Click Reaction
Authors: Chen Kuo‐Ting , Ieritano Christian , Seimbille Yann 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHerein, we describe a synthetic strategy for the regioselective labeling of peptides by using a bioorthogonal click reaction between 2‐cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) and a 1,2‐aminothiol moiety. This methodology allows for the facile and site‐specific modification of peptides with various imaging agents, including fluorophores and radioisotope‐containing prosthetic groups. We investigated the feasibility of an early‐stage incorporation of dipeptide 1 into targeting vectors, such as c[RGDyK(C)] and HER2 pep, during solid‐phase peptide synthesis. Then, the utility of the click reaction to label bioactive peptides with a CBT‐modified imaging agent (FITC–CBT, 9) was assessed. The ligation reaction was found to be highly selective and efficient under various conditions. The fluorescently labeled peptides 2 and 3 were obtained in respective yields of 88 and 82 % under optimized conditions.
The size of the giant high‐order component in random hypergraphs
Authors: Cooley Oliver , Kang Mihyun , Koch Christoph 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe phase transition in the size of the giant component in random graphs is one of the most well‐studied phenomena in random graph theory. For hypergraphs, there are many possible generalizations of the notion of a connected component. We consider the following: two j‐sets (sets of j vertices) are j‐connected if there is a walk of edges between them such that two consecutive edges intersect in at least j vertices. A hypergraph is j‐connected if all j‐sets are pairwise j‐connected. In this paper, we determine the asymptotic size of the unique giant j‐connected component in random k‐uniform hypergraphs for any and .
Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery for Early Gastric Cancer: Analysis of Factors Which Affect Direction of Lymphatic Drainage
Authors: Shida Atsuo , Mitsumori Norio , Fujioka Shuichi , Takano Yuta , Fujisaki Muneharu , Hashizume Ryosuke , Takahashi Naoto , Ishibashi Yoshio , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and purposeWe started performing sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) for patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) using infrared ray electronic endoscopy (IREE) with indocyanine green injection from year 2000. The EGCs usually have complex lymphatic drainage, unidirectional or multidirectional lymphatic flow. In this study, we investigated and clarified factors that affect the direction of gastric lymphatic drainage.Patients and methodConsecutive 60 patients with EGC who underwent SNNS by IREE from year 2006 to 2014 were enrolled to this study. Patients’ age, gender, location of tumors, operative method, previous treatment by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), presence of pathological ulcerative scar and maximum tumor diameter were enrolled as parameters which may affect direction of lymphatic drainage and analyzed.ResultBivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of pathological ulcerative scar (P = 0.01), tumor location (g.c vs. a.w vs. p.w vs. l.c, P = 0.01), and maxim tumor diameter (P = 0.0003) were relevant to direction of gastric lymphatic drainage. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor location (g.c/a.w/p.w vs. l.c, odds ratio 8.227, P = 0.011) and the maximum tumor diameter (odds ratio 1.057, P = 0.037) are independent factors that affect direction of gastric lymphatic flow. Of tumors, 78% located at lesser curvature had unidirectional lymphatic drainage, and 93% of tumors whose diameter was 40 mm and more had multidirectional lymphatic drainage.ConclusionOur investigation revealed that the tumor location and tumor diameter were the key factors which affect the direction of lymphatic drainage, which is useful fact to understand the complexity of gastric lymphatic drainage.
Preoperative Albumin–Bilirubin Grade Predicts Recurrences After Radical Gastrectomy in Patients with pT2‐4 Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kanda Mitsuro , Tanaka Chie , Kobayashi Daisuke , Uda Hiroaki , Inaoka Kenichi , Tanaka Yuri , Hayashi Masamichi , Iwata Naoki , Yamada Suguru , Fujii Tsutomu , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Murotani Kenta , Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score was initially developed for assessing liver dysfunction severity and was suggested to have prognostic value in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of ALBI grade in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) after radical gastrectomy.MethodsThis study included 283 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for pT2‐4 GC without preoperative treatment. ALBI was calculated as follows: (log10 bilirubin (μmol/L) × 0.66) + (albumin (g/L) × −0.0852) and categorized into grades 1 (≤−2.60), 2 (−2.60<, ≤−1.39) and 3 (−1.39<).ResultsThe median ALBI score was −2.96, and a number of patients in ALBI grades 1, 2 and 3 were 228, 55 and 0, respectively. Patients with ALBI grade 2 had a lower administration rate of adjuvant chemotherapy than those with ALBI grade 1, whereas no significant differences were found in morbidity rate and disease stage. The ALBI grade 2 group was more likely to have shorter disease‐specific and disease‐free survival compared with the ALBI grade 1 group. Multivariable analysis identified ALBI grade 2 as an independent prognostic factor for disease‐free survival (hazard ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.10–3.47, p = 0.0242). Survival differences between ALBI grade 1 and 2 groups were increased in the patient subset that received adjuvant chemotherapy. ALBI grade 2 was correlated with a shortened duration of administration of postoperative S‐1 adjuvant.
ConclusionsALBI grade serves as a simple and promising predictive factor for disease‐free and disease‐specific survival in patients with pT2‐4 GC after radical gastrectomy.