bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast-conserving surgery followed by whole-breast irradiation offers survival benefits over mastectomy without irradiation
Authors: de Boniface J , Frisell J , Bergkvist L , Andersson Y 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
The prognostic equivalence between mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy was shown in pivotal trials conducted decades ago. Since then, detection and treatment of breast cancer have improved substantially and recent retrospective analyses point towards a survival benefit for less extensive breast surgery. Evidence for the association of such survival data with locoregional recurrence rates is largely lacking.

Methods
The Swedish Multicentre Cohort Study prospectively included clinically node-negative patients with breast cancer who had planned sentinel node biopsy between 2000 and 2004. Axillary lymph node dissection was undertaken only in patients with sentinel node metastases. For the present investigation, adjusted survival analyses were used to compare patients who underwent BCS and postoperative radiotherapy with those who received mastectomy without radiotherapy.

Results
Of 3518 patients in the Swedish Multicentre Cohort Study, 2767 were included in the present analysis; 2338 had BCS with postoperative radiotherapy and 429 had mastectomy without radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 156 months. BCS followed by whole-breast irradiation was superior to mastectomy without irradiation in terms of both overall survival (79·5 versus 64·3 per cent respectively at 13 years; P &lt; 0·001) and breast cancer-specific survival (90·5 versus 84·0 per cent at 13 years; P &lt; 0·001). The local recurrence rate did not differ between the two groups. The axillary recurrence-free survival rate at 13 years was significantly lower after mastectomy without irradiation (98·3 versus 96·2 per cent; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
The present data support the superiority of BCS with postoperative radiotherapy over mastectomy without radiotherapy. The axillary recurrence rate differed significantly, and could be one contributing factor in a complex explanatory model.
Surgery in space
Authors: Panesar S S , Ashkan K 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere has been renewed public interest in manned space exploration owing to novel initiatives by private and governmental bodies. Long-term goals include manned missions to, and potential colonization of, nearby planets. Travel distances and mission length required for these would render Earth-based treatment and telemedical solutions unfeasible. These issues present an anticipatory challenge to planners, and novel or adaptive medical technologies must therefore be devised to diagnose and treat the range of medical issues that future space travellers will encounter.MethodsThe aim was to conduct a search of the literature pertaining to human physiology, pathology, trauma and surgery in space.ResultsKnown physiological alterations include fluid redistribution, cardiovascular changes, bone and muscle atrophy, and effects of ionizing radiation. Potential pathological mechanisms identified include trauma, cancer and common surgical conditions, such as appendicitis.ConclusionPotential surgical treatment modalities must consist of self-sufficient and adaptive technology, especially in the face of uncertain pathophysiological mechanisms and logistical concerns.
A genome‐wide analysis of long noncoding RNA profile identifies differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with Esophageal cancer
Authors: Liu Wenjia , Zhang Yiyang , Chen Min , Shi Liangliang , Xu Lei , Zou Xiaoping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEsophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. However, the mechanism of esophageal cancer pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) dysregulation have been reported to involve in various human cancers, which highlights the potential of lncRNAs used as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Although more efforts have been made to identify novel lncRNAs signature in esophageal cancer, the expression pattern, prognostic value, and biological function of most lncRNAs in esophageal cancer still need to be systematically investigated. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression profile of lncRNAs in more than 200 esophageal cancer patients tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We identified thousands of lncRNAs are differentially expressed in esophageal cancer tissues, and many of those lncRNAs expression are associated with patients overall survival or recurrence‐free survival time. Moreover, copy number variation analyses revealed that genomic loci copy number amplification or deletion might contribute to these lncRNAs dysregulation. Among these lncRNAs, DUXAP8 and LINC00460 were significantly upregulated, and GO enrichment analyses indicated that the two lncRNAs associated protein‐coding genes involve with many known biological processes, such as cell cycle and cell‐cell adherens junction. Further experimental validation revealed that knockdown of DUXAP8 could impair esophageal cancer cells proliferation and invasion in vitro. Taken together, our findings identified more aberrantly expressed lncRNAs in esophageal cancer that may provide a useful resource for identifying novel esophageal cancer associated lncRNAs.
Positive and negative behavioural intentions towards refugees in Turkey: The roles of national identification, threat, and humanitarian concern
Authors: Yitmen Şenay , Verkuyten Maykel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe present research investigated positive and negative behavioural intentions towards Syrian refugees in Turkey. The behavioural intentions were examined in relation to national identification, perception of threat, and humanitarian concerns. A questionnaire was conducted among Turkish participants (n = 605) and the results showed that respondents made a distinction between negative and positive behavioural intentions towards Syrian refugees. Further, higher national identification was associated with more negative and less positive behavioural intentions, and perception of threat was responsible for these associations. In addition, humanitarian concern was associated with more positive behavioural intentions and less negative ones. Additionally, stronger humanitarian concern weakened the association between threat perceptions and negative behavioural intentions but also strengthened the association between higher threat and lower positive behavioural intentions.
A human and group behavior simulation evaluation framework utilizing composition and video analysis
Authors: Dupre Rob , Argyriou Vasileios 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work, we present the modular crowd simulation evaluation through composition framework, which provides a quantitative comparison between different pedestrian and crowd simulation approaches. Evaluation is made based on the comparison of source footage against synthetic video created through novel composition techniques. The proposed framework seeks to reduce the complexity of simulation evaluation and provide a platform from which the comparison of differing simulation algorithms and parametric tuning can be conducted to improve simulation accuracy or provide measures of similarity between crowd simulation algorithms and source data. Through the use of features designed to mimic the human visual system, specific simulation properties can be evaluated relative to sample footage. Validation was performed on a number of popular crowd data sets and through comparisons of multiple pedestrian and crowd simulation algorithms.
Sequence‐Based In‐silico Discovery, Characterisation, and Biocatalytic Application of a Set of Imine Reductases
Authors: Velikogne Stefan , Resch Verena , Dertnig Carina , Schrittwieser Joerg H. , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImine reductases (IREDs) have recently become a primary focus of research in biocatalysis, complementing other classes of amine‐forming enzymes such as transaminases and amine dehydrogenases. Following in the footsteps of other research groups, we have established a set of IRED biocatalysts by sequence‐based in silico enzyme discovery. In this study, we present basic characterisation data for these novel IREDs and explore their activity and stereoselectivity using a panel of structurally diverse cyclic imines as substrates. Specific activities of >1 U/mg and excellent stereoselectivities (ee>99 %) were observed in many cases, and the enzymes proved surprisingly tolerant towards elevated substrate loadings. Co‐expression of the IREDs with an alcohol dehydrogenase for cofactor regeneration led to whole‐cell biocatalysts capable of efficiently reducing imines at 100 mM initial concentration with no need for the addition of extracellular nicotinamide cofactor. Preparative biotransformations on gram scale using these ‘designer cells’ afforded chiral amines in good yield and excellent optical purity.
Sintering‐Resistant Metal Catalysts Supported on Concave‐Convex Surface of TiO2 Nanoparticle Assemblies
Authors: Duriyasart Farkfun , Irizawa Akito , Hayashi Kahoko , Ohtani Masataka , Kobiro Kazuya 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe herein describe a novel use of spherical nanoparticle assemblies of TiO2 with ultrafine surface concave‐convex structure as a catalyst support to prevent the sintering of dispersed metal nanoparticles. Owing to the unique surface structure derived from their fine primary particles, the TiO2 nanoparticle assemblies show excellent dispersion ability of Au nanoparticles on their rough surface. Extremely exothermic CO oxidation as a probe reaction confirmed the high catalytic activity and stability of Au nanoparticles on the TiO2 support and sintering resistance even after several cycles of the heat stress reaction at high temperatures.
Terminal Alkenes from Acrylic Acid Derivatives via Non‐Oxidative Enzymatic Decarboxylation by Ferulic Acid Decarboxylases
Authors: Aleku Godwin A. , Prause Christoph , Bradshaw‐Allen Ruth T. , Plasch Katharina , Glueck Silvia M. , Bailey Samuel S. , Payne Karl A. P. , Parker David A. , Faber Kurt , Leys David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFungal ferulic acid decarboxylases (FDCs) belong to the UbiD‐family of enzymes and catalyse the reversible (de)carboxylation of cinnamic acid derivatives through the use of a prenylated flavin cofactor. The latter is synthesised by the flavin prenyltransferase UbiX. Herein, we demonstrate the applicability of FDC/UbiX expressing cells for both isolated enzyme and whole‐cell biocatalysis. FDCs exhibit high activity with total turnover numbers (TTN) of up to 55000 and turnover frequency (TOF) of up to 370 min−1. Co‐solvent compatibility studies revealed FDC's tolerance to some organic solvents up 20 % v/v. Using the in‐vitro (de)carboxylase activity of holo‐FDC as well as whole‐cell biocatalysts, we performed a substrate profiling study of three FDCs, providing insights into structural determinants of activity. FDCs display broad substrate tolerance towards a wide range of acrylic acid derivatives bearing (hetero)cyclic or olefinic substituents at C3 affording conversions of up to >99 %. The synthetic utility of FDCs was demonstrated by a preparative‐scale decarboxylation.
Alloy‐Mediated Ultra‐Low CO Selectivity for Steam Reforming over Cu−Ni Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Ma Kui , Cui Zhonghui , Zhang Zhitao , Huang Jingjing , Sun Zhirui , Tian Ye , Ding Tong , Li Xingang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSteam reforming of simple oxygenated hydrocarbons without C−C bonds is suitable for small‐scale decentralized H2 production for fuel cells. However, the relatively high CO concentration in H2‐rich reformates produced by traditional Cu‐based catalysts will poison the Pt‐based anode in fuel cells. Here, we describe a new approach to the design of Cu−Ni bimetallic catalysts based on nickel‐phyllosilicate for steam reforming of dimethyl ether (DME). With the tunable formation of the Cu−Ni alloy, we can modulate the selectivity of CO and CH4 in steam reforming and achieve H2‐rich reformates with an ultra‐low concentration of CO (below 1000 ppm). This process only requires simple and low‐energy purification pretreatments to meet the requirements of commercial fuel cells. Mechanistic studies reveal that the Cu−Ni alloy can adsorb CO, particularly at high temperatures, and simultaneously suppress CO dissociation to methane.
Hierarchically Dual‐Mesoporous TiO2 Microspheres for Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties and Lithium Storage
Authors: Xiao Sa , Lu Yi , Li Xin , Xiao Bing‐Yu , Wu Liang , Song Jian‐Ping , Xiao Yu‐Xuan , Wu Si‐Ming , Hu Jie , Wang Yong , Chang Gang‐Gang , Tian Ge , Lenaerts Silvia , Janiak Christoph , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Su Bao‐Lian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHierarchically dual‐mesoporous TiO2 microspheres have been synthesized by a solvothermal process in the presence of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) as co‐templates. Secondary mesostructured defects in the hierarchical TiO2 microspheres produce oxygen vacancies, which not only significantly enhance photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue (1.7 times that with P25) and acetone (2.9 times that with P25), but are also beneficial for lithium storage. Moreover, we propose a mechanism to rationalize the role of this dual mesoporosity of the TiO2 microspheres in enhancing molecular diffusion, ion transportation, and electronic transitions.
Circularly Polarised Luminescence in Enantiopure Samarium and Europium Cryptates
Authors: Kreidt Elisabeth , Arrico Lorenzo , Zinna Francesco , Di Bari Lorenzo , Seitz Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCircularly polarised luminescence (CPL) is a chiroptical phenomenon gaining more and more attention, as the availability of the necessary spectrometers is getting better and first applications in bioimaging or for the preparation of OLEDs (organic light emitting diodes) are coming within range. Until now most examples of distinctly CPL‐active compounds were europium and terbium complexes though theoretically the electronic structure of samarium should be as suitable as the one of terbium. This discrepancy can be accounted for by the high susceptibility of samarium to non‐radiative deactivation processes. The aim of this study was to strategically circumvent this difficulty by the use of a ligand scaffold which has already proven to efficiently suppress these processes, namely the cryptates. The prepared partly deuterated samarium and europium complexes exhibit distinct circularly polarised luminescence with dissymmetry factors up to glum=+0.13 (SmIII) or glum=−0.19 (EuIII).
Fe1‐xCoxS2 Solid Solutions with Tunable Energy Structures to Enhance the Performance of Triiodide Reduction in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Dui , Zai Jiantao , Wang Yan , Qiao Qiquan , Qian Xuefeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe electrocatalytic performances of semiconductors are closely correlated to their energy structures, and solid solutions can continuously tune the energy structures by controlling their composition. Herein, a series of Fe1‐xCoxS2 (x=0–0.5) solid solutions have been synthesized and served as counter electrodes in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The Fermi level of Fe1‐xCoxS2 solid solutions shifted negatively as the x value changed from 0 to 0.5, and the electrocatalytic performance for I3− reduction gradually enhanced due to the facilitated electron transfer process from electrode to I3−. Benefitting from its negative Fermi level, Fe0.5Co0.5S2 exhibited the smallest charge transfer resistance (Rct) and remarkable electrocatalytic properties. The DSSCs using Fe0.5Co0.5S2 as a counter electrode achieve the lowest Rct (0.84 Ω cm2) and the highest power conversion efficiency (η=8.36%) of these solid solution materials.
Probing the Entropic Effect in Molecular Noncovalent Interactions between Resin‐Bound Polybrominated Arenes and Small Substrates
Authors: Yamamoto Masanori , Obara Miyuki , Ochi Keisuke , Yamamoto Atsushi , Takenaka Katsuhiko , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Sato Kazunori 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe associative interaction between resin‐bound polybrominated arenes and small molecules was analyzed by using various spectroscopic techniques as well as a synthetic molecular model to establish the thermodynamics. The binding in acetonitrile was three orders of magnitude stronger than that in methanol, partly owing to the tertiary conformational gating of the resin that controls the entropic terms. By using the entropic superiority, the associative binding of up to 3×104 m−1 is achieved with the non‐biological system. A modified Hill plot for the quantitative analysis of bindings was also devised, which enabled the interactions at the molecular level to be elucidated.
Generalized nonisolated high step‐up DC‐DC converter with reduced voltage stress on devices
Authors: Jalilzadeh Tohid , Babaei Ebrahim , Maalandish Mohammad 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a nonisolated high step‐up DC‐DC converter with low voltage stress on power devices is proposed. The proposed structure consists of a switch and n stages of inductor‐capacitor‐diode cells. The proposed topology combines the boost converter with the self‐lift circuit. Increasing the number of inductor‐capacitor‐diode cells leads to higher voltage gain with a small value of the switch duty cycle, which increases the controllability of the converter. Moreover, by increasing the number of stages, the normalized voltage stress of the power devices is reduced. As a consequence, the metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor switch with low RDS‐on and devices with low nominal voltage can be used in the proposed converter. Furthermore, due to the existence of one switch, the proposed converter has a simple control system. The analysis of the voltage and current stresses of the power devices is carried out. The circuit performance is compared with other proposed topologies in the literature in voltage gain and normalized voltage stress. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the proposed converter, the experimental results are provided.
A comparative study on the performance of MIMO‐STBC subject to Weibull fading channels
Authors: El Bouanani Faissal , Bessate Abdelmajid 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the analytical performance of the multiple‐input multiple‐output system (MIMO) with orthogonal space‐time block codes (STBCs) subject to Weibull fading channels (WFC). Space‐time block code technique provides an efficient pattern for wireless transmission over various fading channels using multiple transmit antennas. Two approximating methods of the sum of independent Weibull random variables are studied. For each approach, we derive accurate approximate expressions for several performance metrics of MIMO‐STBC system operating under independent and nonidentical WFC. The proposed approximations are expressed in terms of 2 generalized hypergeometric functions, namely, Fox's H and Meijer's G functions. All the derived approximate expressions prove high accuracy, while compared with the simulation results established via Monte Carlo method and Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test as well. Although the 2 approaches have approximately the same accuracy, the second method approximate expressions are much less complex than those of the first method.
Predictors of social instability stress effects on social interaction and anxiety in adolescent male rats
Authors: Hodges Travis E. , Baumbach Jennet L. , McCormick Cheryl M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdolescence is an important phase of development of social behaviors, which may be disrupted by the experience of stressors. We previously reported that exposure to social instability stress in adolescence (SS; postnatal day [PND] 30–45) in rats reduced social interactions with unfamiliar peers compared with non‐stressed controls (CTL). In experiment 1, we replicated the effect of SS on social interaction and found that the pattern of neural activations based on Fos immunohistochemistry in brain regions during social interactions differed for SS and CTL rats. In experiment 2, we found that individual differences in novelty‐seeking behavior on PND 30 and SS exposure were unique predictors of anxiety in the elevated plus maze on PND 46, and interacted to predict social interaction on PND 47; among high novelty‐seeking rats, SS and CTL rats do not differ, whereas among low‐novelty seeking rats, SS rats engaged in less social interaction than did CTL rats. Thus, high novelty‐seeking may be a resilience factor against the effects of social stressors in adolescence.
Interacting and non‐linear avian responses to mixed‐severity wildfire and time since fire
Authors: Taillie Paul J. , Burnett Ryan D. , Roberts Lance Jay , Campos Brent R. , Peterson M. Nils , Moorman Christopher E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNon‐linear and interacting effects of fire severity and time since fire may help explain how pyrodiversity promotes biodiversity in fire‐adapted systems. We built on previous research on avian responses to fire by investigating how complex effects of burn severity and time since fire influenced avian community composition across the northern Sierra Nevada, California. We conducted avian point counts from 2009 to 2015 in 10 fires that burned between 2000 and 2014, resulting in a chronosequence of 1–15 yr post‐fire. We estimated the effects of burn severity, time since fire, non‐linear and interacting effects of fire severity and time since fire, pre‐fire forest conditions, and several physiographic parameters on the density of 44 breeding bird species using hierarchical distance sampling models. In addition, we fit separate models to observations of each species in unburned forest to compare species’ densities between burned and unburned forests. At least one of the non‐linear or interaction fire effects was significant for 27 (61%) of the 44 bird species. The quadratic effect of time since fire was an important predictor of post‐fire densities of 20 species, illustrating the dynamic nature of this post‐wildfire avian community. Greater maximum densities were estimated at some combination of burn severity and time since fire than in unburned forest for 13 of the 44 (30%) species, only one of which reached maximum density following low‐severity fire. In contrast, all of the 12 species that were more abundant in unburned forest reached maximum post‐fire densities in fires that burned at low severity. Results from the study suggest that consideration of the non‐linear and interacting effects of fire severity and time since fire is important to fully understanding post‐wildfire responses for a majority of birds. Moreover, the study supports a growing body of literature that indicates mixed‐severity fire is essential for conserving avian diversity in many fire‐maintained systems.