bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitated Utilization of Active Sites with Core‐Shell PdPt@Pt/RGO Nanocluster Structures for Improved Electrocatalytic Ethylene Glycol Oxidation
Authors: Ren Guohong , Liu Yajun , Wang Weigang , Wang Mingqian , Zhou Yang , Wu Shishan , Shen Jian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs), ethylene glycol (EG) as an advanced power source has attracted intensive interests. However, the electrocatalysis performance and durability of Pt‐based nanocatalysts for EG oxidation are usually unsatisfactory, due to the low utilization of their active sites in the electrocatalytic reaction. Herein, the core‐shell PdPt@Pt nanoclusters (NCs) supported on functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are reported to facilitate the use of active sites for enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of EG oxidation. The special core‐shell NCs and synergistic effects of Pd and Pt provide numerous active sites which are beneficial to electrocatalysis. The prepared catalysts display remarkable electrocatalytic performance toward EG oxidation, and the peak current density (128.96 mA cm−2) and mass activity (4388.23 mA mg−1metal) are much larger compared to the commercial Pt/C catalysts (7.91 mA cm−2, 897.51 mA mg−1metal). This work could offer an effective strategy to facilitate the utilization of active sites for improving the electrocatalytic activity of Pt‐based nanocatalysts in the DAFCs.
Helicenes Grafted with 1,1,4,4‐Tetracyanobutadiene Moieties: π‐Helical Push–Pull Systems with Strong Electronic Circular Dichroism and Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Bouvier Romain , Durand Raphaël , Favereau Ludovic , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Dorcet Vincent , Roisnel Thierry , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Vesga Yuly , Donnelly Julie , Hernandez Florencio , Autschbach Jochen , Trolez Yann , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnantiopure P‐ and M‐carbo[6]helicenes substituted with one or two tetracyanobutadiene moieties at positions 2 and 15 have been prepared. Grafting of these electron‐accepting groups onto the π‐helical core resulted in strong charge‐transfer effects, which greatly affected the UV/Vis, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and two‐photon absorption (TPA) responses. The ECD signal was found to be reversibly switched by applying a redox stimulus.
Quo Vadis, MOF?
Authors: Caro Jürgen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) show world records in BET surface and specific pore volume. An impressive number of different MOF structures has been developed in the last 15 years. In numerous reviews, MOFs are predicted to substitute zeolites and other molecular sieves in big adsorption, permeation and heterogeneous catalysis applications. This short review critically highlights some prominent MOF properties like pore volume and BET surface. It is predicted, that commercialization of MOFs will takes place first in small niche applications, and – if successful – the big processes will follow.
Unveiling the Photophysical Properties of Boron Heptaaryldipyrromethene Derivatives
Authors: Liu Chunyu , Zhang Xue , Pan Xiumei , Yang Guochun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIncreased interest has been devoted to the discovery of multifunctional materials with desirable properties, as continuous performance enhancement of various devices mainly depends on high‐performance materials. Now, density functional theory has become a powerful tool to design new materials and rationalize experimental observations. In this work, we explored the photophysical properties origin of chiral boron heptaaryldipyrromethene (heptaaryl‐BODIPY), which has charming optoelectronic properties. At the same time, we designed the other five compounds on the basis of heptaaryl‐BODIPY. The simulated electronic absorption and emission spectra of heptaaryl‐BODIPY are in agreement with experimental ones, allowing us to reliably assign its electronic transition property. The designed compound 6 shows remarkably large first hyperpolarizability value up to 82.78×10−30 esu. For this kind of compounds, their NLO response values associate with not only position but also electronic nature of substituent groups. Moreover, electron reorganization energies of compounds 1–4 are comparable to tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium(III) which is a typical electron transport material. Intriguingly, the studied compounds are the excellent fluorescent probe materials from the standpoint of large Stokes shift and high emission efficiency. Our work enables an opportunity for understanding the relationship between microelectronic structure and macroscopic performance of BODIPY derivatives.
Reestablishing a host–affiliate relationship: migratory fish reintroduction increases native mussel recruitment
Authors: Galbraith Heather S. , Devers Julie L. , Blakeslee Carrie J. , Cole Jeffrey C. , St. John White Barbara , Minkkinen Steve , Lellis William A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCo‐extirpation among host–affiliate species is thought to be a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are at risk globally and face many threats to survival, including limited access to viable host fish required to complete their life history. We examine the relationship between the common eastern elliptio mussel (Elliptio complanata) and its migratory host fish the American eel (Anguilla rostrata), whose distribution in the Chesapeake Bay watershed is limited, in part, by dams. We examined population demographics of E. complanata across locations in the Chesapeake Bay watershed, primarily in the Susquehanna River in the absence of American eels, and conducted experimental restocking of eels to assess potential impacts on mussel recruitment. Compared to surveys completed ~20 yr prior, E. complanata could be experiencing declines at several historically abundant sites. These sites also had extremely limited evidence of recruitment. Restoration of host fish improved recruitment, but results were not equivalent between stocking sites, indicating that host reintroduction alone may not be fully effective in reestablishing mussel populations. One site where eels were introduced (Pine Creek, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, USA) experienced an increase from 0 juveniles found during quantitative surveys prior to eel stocking to 151 (21% of individuals collected during quantitative surveys) E. complanata juveniles found four years after stocking. A second site (Buffalo Creek, Union County, Pennsylvania) experienced a more moderate increase from 2 to 7 juveniles found during 2010 and 2014 quantitative surveys, respectively. Continued examination of other potential interacting factors affecting recruitment, including water quality or habitat conditions, is necessary to target favorable sites for successful restoration.
High‐Performance Virus Removal Filter Paper for Drinking Water Purification
Authors: Gustafsson Olof , Manukyan Levon , Mihranyan Albert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccess to drinking water is one of the greatest global challenges today. In this study, the virus removal properties of mille‐feuille nanocellulose‐based filter papers of varying thicknesses from simulated waste water (SWW) matrix are evaluated for drinking water purification applications. Filtrations of standard SWW dispersions at various total suspended solid (TSS) content are performed, including spiking tests with 30 nm surrogate latex particles and 28 nm ΦX174 bacteriophages. Filter papers of thicknesses 9 and 29 µm are used, and the filtrations are performed at two different operational pressures, i.e., 1 and 3 bar. The presented data using SWW matrix show, for the first time, that a filter paper made from 100% nanocellulose has the capacity to efficiently remove even the smallest viruses, i.e., up to 99.9980–99.9995% efficiency, at industrially relevant flow rates, i.e., 60–500 L m−2 h−1, and low fouling, i.e., V
max > 103–104 L m−2. The filter paper presented in this work shows great promise for the development of robust, affordable, and sustainable water purification systems.
Pillarquinones and Pillararenequinones
Authors: Cao Derong , Meier Herbert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPillar[n]quinones and pillar[n‐m]arene[m]quinones are oxidation products of pillar[n]arenes. Their molecular structure resembles the parent compounds. However, their map of electron density is different. Each 1,4‐benzoquinone ring, which replaces a 1,4‐dialkoxy‐substituted benzene ring decreases the electron density in the interior cavity and increases the electron density on the upper and lower rim of the pillar. The electron donor character is stepwise transformed to an electron acceptor status. This effect alters the complexation tendencies, which are the most interesting properties of these macrocyclic host systems.
Pillar[n]arenes at the Chemistry‐Biology Interface
Authors: Cragg Peter J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMacrocyclic chemistry has provided chemists with a wealth of molecular ‘hosts’. Ever since resurgence in the field during the 1970s and 1980s these hosts’ similarities to natural structures, such the active sites of enzymes, have been noted. Latterly there has been great interest in the recently reported pillar[n]arenes. As if to underline the importance of these compounds, exciting applications are starting to emerge, from electrochemical sensors to antimicrobial agents. Novel uses appear destined to have an impact on clinical conditions from Alzheimer's disease to cancer treatment. In order to demonstrate the impact of pillar[n]arenes across the chemistry‐biology interface this review will cover the current state of the art from biomimicry and analyte‐specific detection to emerging clinical applications. Examples include pillar[n]arene‐based ion channels, enzyme‐responsive compounds, imaging agents, biofilm inhibiting derivatives, drug complexing and drug releasing systems.
Juglone–ascorbic acid synergy inhibits metastasis and induces apoptotic cell death in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma by perturbing SOD and catalase activities
Authors: Gaikwad Sujay , Chakraborty Avik , Salwe Sukeshani , Patel Vainav , Kulkarni Savita , Banerjee Sharmila 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) requires more innovative approaches as the current regimes for therapy are inadequate, also most anticancer drugs cause general suppression of physiological functions. However, therapy with limited nontarget tissue damage is desirable. In the present study, we show prooxidant ability of ascorbic acid, which enhances cytotoxicity induced by juglone. We decipher that juglone–ascorbate combination induces reactive oxygen species‐mediated apoptosis leading to cell death in ARO cell line originated from ATC. This combination also affects enzyme activity of catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase destabilizing redox balance in cell and thereby making juglone effective at a lower dose. We also show that juglone–ascorbate combination suppresses cell migration, invasion, and expression of tumor‐promoting, and angiogenic genes in ARO cell line, thereby disrupting epithelial–mesenchymal transition ability of the cells. Overall, we show that ascorbic acid increases cytotoxic potency of juglone through redox cycling when used in synergy.
Mathematical Creativity: A Combination of Domain‐general Creative and Domain‐specific Mathematical Skills
Authors: Schoevers Eveline M. , Kroesbergen Evelyn H. , Kattou Maria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCreativity is an understudied topic in elementary school mathematics research. Nevertheless, we argue that creativity plays an important role in mathematics, but that more research is needed to understand this relation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate this relation, specifically between domain‐general creativity, domain‐specific mathematical creativity, and mathematical ability. Measures for these constructs were administered to 342 Dutch fourth graders. In order to examine the nature of the relation between creativity and mathematics, two competing models were tested, using Structural Equation Modeling. The results indicated that models in which general creativity and mathematical ability both predict mathematical creativity fitted the data better than models in which mathematical and general creativity predict mathematical ability. This study showed that both general creativity and mathematical ability are important to think creatively in mathematics.
Identification and functional annotation of metabolism‐associated lncRNAs and their related protein‐coding genes in gastric cancer
Authors: Mo Xiaoyan , Li Tianwen , Xie Yi , Zhu Linwen , Xiao Bingxiu , Liao Qi , Guo Junming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in carcinogenesis. However, the roles of metabolism‐associated lncRNAs in cancers are still unclear.MethodsA microarray of metabolism‐associated lncRNAs was used to detect their expression patterns between gastric cancer and paired nontumorous tissues. Its results and gastric cancer differential gene expression data from public databases were used to screen the metabolic pathway‐associated lncRNAs. A metabolic network with microRNAs (miRNAs), lncRNAs, and protein‐coding genes was further constructed. Finally, the expression of TOPORS antisense RNA 1 (TOPORS‐AS1), a screened highly expressed lncRNA and its associated protein‐coding gene, NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B6 (NDUFB6), were verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA total of eight upregulated and one downregulated lncRNAs and 25 upregulated and 20 downregulated protein‐coding genes were found to be involved in metabolism in gastric cancer. Within the lncRNAs–miRNAs–mRNAs metabolic network, 78 miRNA‐target links, 546 positive coexpression relationships, and 191 protein–protein interactions were found. The expression of TOPORS‐AS1 and its associated gene, NDUFB6 in gastric cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent nontumor tissues. Moreover, NDUFB6 expression was associated with the invasion and distal metastasis of gastric cancer.ConclusionsThe metabolism‐associated lncRNAs play important roles in the occurrence of gastric cancer.
Assessing ICSI outcome by combining non‐invasive indicators: Early time‐lapse morphokinetics and apoptosis in associated cumulus cells among women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Tabibnejad Nasim , Aflatoonian Abbas , Motamedzadeh Leila , Soleimani Mehrdad , Sadeghian‐Nodoushan Fatemeh , Talebi Ali Reza 
Published: July 2018

Cumulus cells features and embryo developmental events can be considered as noninvasive indicators for embryo selection and clinical outcomes. A combination of time‐lapse morphokinetic parameters and cumulus cell apoptosis in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was evaluated for predicting pregnancy outcome. We assessed a total of 547 embryos from 100 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Time‐lapse records were interpreted in time to pronuclear fading (tPNf), time to 2 to 8 cells (t2‐t8), direct cleavage, reverse cleavage, and also for the presence of multinucleation. Percentages of apoptosis were identified in 100 associated cumulus cell samples using the TDT‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end‐labeling assay. The significant decrease of apoptotic cumulus cells was detected in patients with chemical and clinical pregnancies as well as live birth among patients PCOS and in the tubal infertility group (p > 0.05). Furthermore, significantly higher implantation rate and also significantly lower cases of early pregnancy loss were observed in the group of oocytes with less apoptotic cumulus cells. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tPNf together with cumulus cell apoptosis were independent prognostic factors of chemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth. Time‐lapse embryo parameters may not reflect the cumulus cell apoptosis rate. However, the rate of apoptotic cumulus cells is significantly associated with ICSI outcome using Day 3 embryo transfer.
Current Status of Proteomics in Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Kondo Tadashi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEwing's sarcoma is an extremely rare mesenchymal malignancy of the bone, which predominantly occurs in children and young adolescents. Ewing's sarcoma is characterized by chromosomal translocations resulting in the formation of chimeric fusions between the EWS gene and transcription factors of the ETS family, such as EWS‐FLI‐1. The clinical outcome of Ewing's sarcoma remains poor, and novel therapeutic approaches are required. Proteomic analyses have been applied to identify the functions of the fusion gene product, and a novel mechanism of EWS‐FLI‐1 turnover has been proposed. Furthermore, proteomics has revealed the regulation of IL‐6 secretion by EWS‐FLI‐1, which may promote malignant behavior in tumor cells. In addition, proteomic approaches have been used to assess the effects of unique genes and drugs on Ewing's sarcoma and to determine specific biomarker candidates for the prediction of drug resistance and recurrence. By identifying the proteins relevant to the molecular backgrounds of clinical characters of Ewing's sarcoma, we can understand the biology of Ewing's sarcoma and develop clinical applications. Fundamental research systems such as tumor cell and tissue biobanks and databases are required to make effective use of the limited clinical materials and promote research into Ewing's sarcoma.
Standardized Morinda citrifolia L. and Morinda elliptica L. leaf extracts alleviated fatigue by improving glycogen storage and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Osman Wan Nurfarahin Wan , Mohamed Suhaila 
Published: July 2018

The antifatigue properties of Morinda elliptica (ME) leaf were compared with Morinda citrifolia (MC) leaf extracts. Sixty Balb/C mice were administered (N = 10): control water, standardized green tea extract (positive control 200 mg/kg body weight [BW]), either 200 or 400 mg MC/kg BW, or either 200 or 400 mg ME/kg BW). The mice performances, biochemical, and mRNA expressions were evaluated. After 6 weeks, the weight‐loaded swimming time to exhaustion in the mice consuming 400 mg MC/kg, were almost five times longer than the control mice. The gene expressions analysis suggested the extracts enhanced performance by improving lipid catabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, electron transport, antioxidant responses, energy production, and tissue glycogen stores. The MC and ME extracts enhanced stamina by reducing blood lactate and blood urea nitrogen levels, increasing liver and muscle glycogen reserve through augmenting the glucose metabolism (glucose transporter type 4 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4), lipid catabolism (acyl‐Coenzyme A dehydrogenases and fatty acid translocase), antioxidant (superoxide dismutase 2) defence responses, electron transport (COX4I2), and energy production (PGC1α, NRF1, NRF2, cytochrome C electron transport, mitochondrial transcription factor A, UCP1, and UCP3) biomarkers. The MC (containing scopoletin and epicatechin) was better than ME (containing only scopoletin) or green tea (containing epicatechin and GT catechins) for alleviating fatigue.
Evaluation of micromilling/conventional isotope ratio mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry of δ18O values in fish otoliths for sclerochronology
Authors: Helser Thomas E. , Kastelle Craig R. , McKay Jennifer L. , Orland Ian J. , Kozdon Reinhard , Valley John W. 
Published: July 2018

RationaleStable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O values) measured in fish otoliths can provide valuable detailed information on fish life history, fish age determination, and ocean thermography. Traditionally, otoliths are sampled by micromilling followed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), but direct analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is becoming more common. However, these two methods have not been compared to determine which, if either, is better for fish age validation studies. Hence, the goals were to: (1) determine if the δ18O signatures from the two different methods are similar, (2) determine which method is better for fish age validation studies, and (3) examine biogeographic and migration history.MethodsBoth analytical techniques, micromilling/IRMS and SIMS, were used to measure δ18O values in six Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) otoliths. A series of measurements was made from the center of each otolith to its edge to develop a life‐history δ18O signature for each fish.ResultsThe sampling resolution of SIMS analyses was 2–3 times greater than that obtained by micromilling/IRMS. We found an offset between SIMS and micromilling/IRMS δ18O values, about 0.5‰ on average, with SIMS yielding lower values. However, the δ18O patterns from both methods (i.e., the number of δ18O maxima) correspond to the estimated age determined by otolith growth‐zone counts, validating fish age determination methods.ConclusionsBoth techniques resolved δ18O life‐history signatures and showed patterns consistent with seasonal variation in temperatures and changes due to fish migration. When otoliths are large, micromilling/IRMS can provide adequate resolution for fish age validation. However, SIMS is the better option if greater sampling resolution is required, such as when otoliths are small or specimens are longer lived and have compact growth zones.
Sustainable development and global emission targets: A dynamical systems approach to aid evidence‐based policy making
Authors: Ranganathan Shyam , Bali Swain Ranjula 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is broad scientific consensus that increasing global emissions at current rates will lead to irreversible climate change. The global commitment to sustainable development goals and the 2015 Paris Agreement attempt to address this concern with policy changes. But top‐down approaches including voluntary emission cuts do not appear politically feasible in all countries. In this paper, it is shown that moderate voluntary emission cuts (policy) supplemented by technological developments and changes in consumption tastes and preferences induced by educating individuals (stakeholder engagement) could help achieve emission targets. A novel dynamical systems modelling approach based on economic theory is used to show the quantitative tradeoffs between these different approaches. Using this model, it is shown how economic development may be balanced by global reductions in emissions so that, initially, developing economies can continue along their current growth trajectories and eliminate poverty, and eventually bear more of the emissions reduction burden.
Toward sustainable development: A methodology for evaluating environmental planning systems
Authors: Zeiger Bastion , Gunton Thomas , Rutherford Murray 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAt the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, the world's national governments committed to preparing strategies to achieve sustainable development. This paper describes an evaluation framework for measuring the success of these efforts to achieve environmental goals in sustainable development. The framework evaluates two dimensions of sustainable development planning: the environmental planning system, and environmental outcomes. An application of the methodology to evaluate environmental performance in Germany illustrates that the proposed method is relatively easy to apply, transparent, and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of a country's environmental performance.