bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of 5α‐reductase inhibitor and α‐blocker therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia on prostate cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: Van Rompay Maria I. , Curtis Nickel J. , Ranganathan Gayatri , Kantoff Philip W. , Solomon Keith R. , Lund Jennifer L. , McKinlay John B. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the use of 5α‐reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) and α‐blockers among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in relation to prostate cancer (PCa) incidence, severity and mortality.Patients and MethodsA retrospective 20‐year cohort study in men residing in Saskatchewan, aged 40–89 years, with a BPH‐coded medical claim between 1995 and 2014, was conducted. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare incidence of PCa diagnosis, metastatic PCa, Gleason score 8–10 PCa, and PCa mortality among 5ARI users (n = 4 571), α‐blocker users (n = 7 764) and non‐users (n = 11 677).ResultsIn comparison with both non‐users and α‐blocker users, 5ARI users had a ~40% lower risk of a PCa diagnosis (11.0% and 11.4% vs 5.8%, respectively), and α‐blocker users had an 11% lower risk of a PCa diagnosis compared with non‐users. Overall, the incidence of metastatic PCa and PCa mortality was not significantly different among 5ARI or α‐blocker users compared with non‐users (adjusted hazard ratios [HR] of metastatic PCa: 1.12 and 1.13, respectively, and PCa mortality: 1.11 and 1.18, respectively, P > 0.05 for both drugs), but both 5ARI and a‐blocker users had ~30% higher risk of Gleason score 8–10 cancer, adjusted HR 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.82, P = 0.03, and adjusted HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03–1.59, P = 0.02, respectively compared with non‐users.ConclusionThe use of 5ARIs was associated with lower risk of PCa diagnosis, regardless of comparison group. Risk of high grade PCa was higher among both 5ARI users and α‐blocker users compared with non‐users; however, this did not translate into higher risk of PCa mortality.
Relationship between oxidative stress and lower urinary tract symptoms: results from a community health survey in Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Teppei , Hatakeyama Shingo , Imai Atsushi , Tanaka Toshikazu , Hagiwara Kazuhisa , Konishi Sakae , Okita Kazutaka , Yamamoto Hayato , Tobisawa Yuki , Yoneyama Tohru , Yoneyama Takahiro , Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Koie Takuya , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Ohyama Chikara 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a community‐dwelling population.Materials and MethodsThe cross‐sectional study included 1 113 people who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project of 2015 in Hirosaki, Japan. LUTS were assessed using structured questionnaires, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). IPSS > 7, OABSS > 5, nocturia score > 1, or urge incontinence score > 1 were defined as moderate to severe symptoms. 8‐Hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were measured by urine analysis and skin autofluorescence, respectively. The relationship between oxidative stress and LUTS was investigated using logistic regression analyses.ResultsThis study included 431 men and 682 women. AGEs and 8‐OHdG levels were significantly higher in severe forms of LUTS. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that AGE levels were significantly associated with a higher frequency of nocturia but were not associated with IPSS, OABSS or urge incontinence. No significant association was observed between LUTS and 8‐OHdG levels.ConclusionsWe observed a significant association between AGE levels and nocturia score > 1. Further research is necessary to clarify a possible causal relationship between oxidative stress and nocturia.
Suture techniques during laparoscopic and robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy: a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of peri‐operative outcomes
Authors: Bertolo Riccardo , Campi Riccardo , Klatte Tobias , Kriegmair Maximilian C. , Mir Maria Carmen , Ouzaid Idir , Salagierski Maciej , Bhayani Sam , Gill Inderbir , Kaouk Jihad , Capitanio Umberto ,   the Young Academic Urologists (YAU) Kidney Cancer working group of the European Urological Association (EAU)
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo summarize the available evidence on renorrhaphy techniques and to assess their impact on peri‐operative outcomes after minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN).Materials and MethodsA systematic review of the literature was performed in January 2018 without time restrictions, usingMEDLINE, Cochrane and Web of Science databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement recommendations. Studies providing sufficient details on renorrhaphy techniques during laparoscopic or robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy and comparative studies focused on peri‐operative outcomes were included in qualitative and quantitative analyses, respectively.ResultsOverall, 67 and 19 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses, respectively. The overall quality of evidence was low. Specific tumour features (i.e. size, hilar location, anatomical complexity, nearness to renal sinus and/or urinary collecting system), surgeon's experience, robot‐assisted technology, as well as the aim of reducing warm ischaemia time and the amount of devascularized renal parenchyma preserved represented the key factors driving the evolution of the renorrhaphy techniques duringMIPNover the past decade. Quantitative synthesis showed that running suture was associated with shorter operating and ischaemia time, and lower postoperative complication and transfusion rates than interrupted suture. Barbed suture had lower operating and ischaemia time and less blood loss than non‐barbed suture. The single‐layer suture technique was associated with shorter operating and ischaemia time than the double‐layer technique. No comparisons were possible concerning renal functional outcomes because of non‐homogeneous data reporting.ConclusionsRenorrhaphy techniques significantly evolved over the years, improving outcomes. Running suture, particularly using barbed wires, shortened the operating and ischaemia times. A further advantage could derive from avoiding a double‐layer suture.
Comparison of desmopressin, alarm, desmopressin plus alarm, and desmopressin plus anticholinergic agents in the management of paediatric monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a network meta‐analysis
Authors: Song Pan , Huang Chuiguo , Wang Yan , Wang Qingwei , Zhu Wen , Yue Yiwei , Wang Wancong , Feng Jinjin , He Xiangfei , Cui Lingang , Wan Tingxiang , Wen Jianguo 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of desmopressin, alarm, desmopressin plus alarm, and desmopressin plus anticholinergic agent (AA) therapy in the management of paediatric monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) using a network meta‐analysis.Materials and methodsWe searched the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to 1 March 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared desmopressin, alarm, desmopressin plus alarm, and desmopressin plus AAs were identified. The network meta‐analysis was conducted with software R 3.3.2 and STATA 14.0.ResultsEighteen RCTs with a total of 1 649 participants were included. The meta‐analysis results showed that complete response (CR) and success rates with desmopressin plus AAs were higher than with desmopressin or alarm monotherapy. Success rates for desmopressin plus alarm therapy were higher than for alarm monotherapy. No obvious difference was observed between desmopressin plus AAs and desmopressin plus alarm therapy with regard to CR rate and success rate. The relapse rate with alarm monotherapy was much lower than with desmopressin monotherapy. Adverse events seemed to be infrequently and tolerable for all treatments. The ranking probability results were as follows: desmopressin plus AA ranked first for the outcomes of CR and success, desmopressin plus alarm therapy ranked first for mean number of wet nights per week, and alarm therapy had the lowest relapse rate.ConclusionsThe network meta‐analysis showed that desmopressin had similar efficacy to alarm therapy but a higher relapse rate. Desmopressin plus AA therapy was associated with better efficacy than and a similar relapse rate to desmopressin monotherapy. Desmopressin plus alarm therapy was similar to both desmopressin and alarm monotherapy in efficacy. All treatments, including desmopressin plus AAwere associated with tolerable adverse events; however, additional high‐quality studies are needed for further evaluation of these treatments.
Thrombospondin 1 and cathepsin D improve prostate cancer diagnosis by avoiding potentially unnecessary prostate biopsies
Authors: Steuber Thomas , Tennstedt Pierre , Macagno Annalisa , Athanasiou Alcibiade , Wittig Anja , Huber Ramy , Golding Bruno , Schiess Ralph , Gillessen Silke 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate and further validate if two novel cancer‐related glycoproteins, discovered by a genetic‐guided proteomics approach, can distinguish benign disease from prostate cancer (PCa) in men with enlarged prostates.Patients and MethodsA retrospective study was performed that included men with a total prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) concentration of 2.0–10 ng/mL, negative digital rectal examination and enlarged prostate (volume ≥35 mL). Serum samples were collected between 2011 and 2016 at a single centre from 474 men before they underwent prostate biopsy. Serum concentrations of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) and cathepsin D (CTSD) glycoproteins were combined with the percentage of free PSA to total PSA ratio (%fPSA) to predict any or significant cancer at biopsy.ResultsThe multivariable logistic regression model including THBS1, CTSD and %fPSA discriminated among biopsy‐positive and biopsy‐negative patients in the validation set with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82–0.91), while %fPSA alone showed an AUC of 0.64 (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.57–0.71). At 90% sensitivity for PCa, the specificity of the model was 62%, while %fPSA had a specificity of 23%. For high grade (Gleason score ≥ 7 in prostatectomy specimen) PCa, the specificity was 48% at 90% sensitivity, with an AUC of 0.83, (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.88). Limitations of the study include the retrospective set‐up and single‐centre cohort.ConclusionsA model combining two cancer‐related glycoproteins (THBS1 and CTSD) and %fPSA can improve PCa diagnosis and may reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies because of its improved specificity for PCa when compared to %fPSA alone.
Lateral terminations of salt walls and megaflaps: An example from Gypsum Valley Diapir, Paradox Basin, Colorado, USA
Authors: Escosa Frederic O. , Rowan Mark G. , Giles Katherine A. , Deatrick Kyle T. , Mast Allison M. , Langford Richard P. , Hearon Thomas E. , Roca Eduard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDescriptions of exposed salt structures help improve the ability to interpret the geometry and evolution of similar structures imaged in seismic reflection data from salt‐bearing sedimentary basins. This study uses detailed geologic mapping combined with well and seismic data from the southeastern end of the Gypsum Valley diapir (Paradox Basin, Colorado), to investigate the three‐dimensional geometry of the terminations of both the salt wall and its associated megaflap. The salt wall trends NW‐SE and is characterized by highly asymmetric stratal architecture on its northeastern and southwestern flanks, with thicker, deeper, gently dipping strata in the depositionally proximal (NE) minibasin and thinned older strata rotated to near‐vertical in a megaflap on the distal (SW) side. The megaflap terminates to the SE through a decrease in maximum dip and ultimately truncation by a pair of radial faults bounding a down‐dropped block with lower dips. East of these faults, the salt wall termination is a moderately plunging nose of salt overlain by gently southeast‐dipping strata, separated from the down‐dropped NE minibasin by a counterregional fault. From this analysis, and by comparison with analogue structures located elsewhere in the Paradox Basin and in the northern Gulf of Mexico, we propose a series of simple end‐member models in which salt walls and megaflaps may terminate abruptly or gradually. We suggest that controlling factors in determining these geometries include the original thickness and spatial distribution of the deep salt, the presence of nearby diapirs (which determines the fetch area for salt flow into the diapir), spatial patterns of depositional loading, and variations in the nature and location of salt breakout through the roof of the initial salt structure.
Comparative mutational evaluation of multiple lung cancers by multiplex oncogene mutation analysis
Authors: Takahashi Yuta , Shien Kazuhiko , Tomida Shuta , Oda Shinsuke , Matsubara Takehiro , Sato Hiroki , Suzawa Ken , Kurihara Eisuke , Ogoshi Yusuke , Namba Kei , Yoshioka Takahiro , Torigoe Hidejiro , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Soh Junichi , Toyooka Shinichi 
Published: September 2018

In patients presenting with synchronous or metachronous multiple lung cancer (MLC), it is important to distinguish between multiple primary lung cancer (MP) and intrapulmonary metastasis (IM). The present study was aimed at investigating the mutational profiles of synchronous/metachronous MLC and to compare the classification of paired tumors by multiplex gene mutation analysis with the histopathological evaluation. We carried out targeted sequencing of 20 lung cancer‐related oncogenes using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in 82 tumors from 37 MLC patients who underwent surgical resection at our department. The patients were diagnosed as MP or IM cases based on the Martini and Melamed criteria, histopathological and gene mutational evaluations. Matching mutations between paired tumors was observed in 20 (54%) patients, who were diagnosed as IM cases by mutational evaluation. Patients who could not be clearly diagnosed by histopathological evaluation were classified as equivocal cases. Among the histopathological IM cases (n = 7), six (86%) were confirmed as IM cases also by mutational evaluation, and most of the paired tumors of these cases (n = 5) harbored multiple matching mutations. Among the histopathological MP cases (n = 17), mutational evaluation yielded a discordant diagnosis in eight (47%) cases. Of these, the paired tumors of four cases harbored multiple matching mutations, suggesting that the mutational diagnosis might be more suitable in these patients. Our findings suggest that multiplex mutational analysis could be a useful complementary tool for distinguishing between MP and IM in addition to histopathological evaluation.
Cinnamic acids derived compounds with antileishmanial activity target Leishmania amazonensis arginase
Authors: da Silva Edson Roberto , Brogi Simone , Grillo Alessandro , Campiani Giuseppe , Gemma Sandra , Vieira Paulo Cezar , Maquiaveli Claudia do Carmo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study describes the activity of five natural hydroxycinnamic acids and derived compound: caffeic (1), rosmarinic (2), chlorogenic (3), and cryptochlorogenic (4), acids and isoverbascoside (5). All compounds inhibited Leishmania amazonensis arginase with IC50 —in range of 1.5—11 μM. Compounds 2 and 5 also showed activity against promastigotes of L. amazonensis with IC50 = 61 (28–133) μM and IC50 = 14 (9–24) μM, respectively. Further computational studies applying molecular docking simulations were performed on the competitive inhibitors to gain insight into the molecular basis for arginase inhibition and could be exploited to the development of new antileishmanials drug targeting parasite arginase.
The Earlier the Better? Individual Participant Data and Traditional Meta‐analysis of Age Effects of Parenting Interventions
Authors: Gardner Frances , Leijten Patty , Melendez‐Torres G.J. , Landau Sabine , Harris Victoria , Mann Joanna , Beecham Jennifer , Hutchings Judy , Scott Stephen 
Published: September 2018

Strong arguments have been made for early intervention for child problems, stating that early is more effective than later, as the brain is more malleable, and costs are lower. However, there is scant evidence from trials to support this hypothesis, which we therefore tested in two well‐powered, state‐of‐the‐art meta‐analyses with complementary strengths: (a) Individual participant data (IPD) meta‐analysis of European trials of Incredible Years parenting intervention (k = 13, n = 1696; age = 2–11); (b) Larger, trial‐level robust variance estimation meta‐analysis of a wider range of parenting programs (k = 156, n = 13,378, Mage = 2–10) for reducing disruptive behavior. Both analyses found no evidence that intervention earlier in childhood was more effective; programs targeted at a narrower age range were no more effective than general ones.
Squamate areas of endemism in Cuba as determined by parsimony analysis of endemicity
Authors: Murray Christopher M. , Crother Brian I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCuba, the largest island in the Greater Antilles, hosts a high diversity of native squamate reptiles and is characterized by a complex geological history. The island has undergone repeated submergence and emergence, positioned on the dynamic border between the Caribbean and North American tectonic plates. Here, we infer current areas of endemism on Cuba based on squamate distributions using standard parsimony analysis of endemism under the “areas of endemism as individuals” hypothesis. We diagnose 29 areas of endemism, 14 of which are nested within other areas of endemism, from 52 squamate taxa. We suspect the current biotic pattern is a composite view of layered histories, and we summarize the geological history of the island to contemplate historical periods that left stronger marks on squamate distributions than others.
A scoring system to predict recurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: López‐Bru David , Palazón‐Bru Antonio , Folgado‐de la Rosa David M. , Gil‐Guillén Vicente F. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThough predictive models have been constructed to determine the risk of recurrence in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, various aspects of these models are inadequate. Therefore, we aimed to construct, internally validate and implement on a mobile application a scoring system to determine this risk within 10 years.DesignA retrospective cohort study in 1984‐2016.SettingA Spanish region.ParticipantsWe enrolled 200 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma without distant metastasis at diagnosis.Main outcome measuresTime‐to‐recurrence. A risk table was constructed based on the sum of points to estimate the likelihood of recurrence. The model was internally validated and implemented as a mobile application for Android.ResultsPredictive factors were follicular histology, T, N and multifocality. This risk table had a C‐statistic of 0.723. The calibration was satisfactory.ConclusionsThis study provides an instrument able to predict rapidly and very simply which patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma have a greater risk of recurrence.
Acceptability, effectiveness and safety of a Renew® anal insert in patients who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis
Authors: Segal J. P. , Leo C. A. , Hodgkinson J. D. , Cavazzoni E. , Bradshaw E. , Lung P. F. C. , Ilangovan R. , Vaizey C. J. , Faiz O. D. , Hart A. L. , Clark S. K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionRestorative proctocolectomy has gained acceptance in the surgical management of medically refractive ulcerative colitis and cancer prevention in familial adenomatous polyposis. Incontinence following restorative proctocolectomy occurs in up to 25% of patients overnight. The Renew® insert is an inert single‐use device which acts as an anal plug. The aim of this study was to assess the acceptability, effectiveness and safety of the Renew® insert in patients who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy. The device has yet to be assessed in patients who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy.MethodThis was a prospective study exploring the acceptability, effectiveness and safety of the Renew® insert in improving incontinence in patients who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy. A total of 15 patients with incontinence were asked to use the Renew® insert for 14 days following their standard care. The Incontinence Questionnaire–Bowels was used pre‐ and posttreatment to assess response and patients were asked to report the perceived acceptability, effectiveness and safety of the device at the end of the trial.ResultsThe device was acceptable to 8/15 (53%) of patients and was effective in 6/15 (40%). Only 2/15 (13%) of patients raised any safety concerns, and these were minor. The device was associated with a significant reduction in night seepage (P = 0.034).ConclusionIn a small study, the Renew® insert can be both acceptable and effective and is also associated with few safety concerns. It is also associated with significant reductions in night‐time seepage.
A new approach to kidney wait‐list management in the kidney allocation system era: Pilot implementation and evaluation
Authors: Cheng Xingxing S. , Busque Stephan , Lee Jenny , Discipulo Kevin , Hartley Christine , Tulu Zeynep , Scandling John D. , Tan Jane C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractKidney transplant wait‐list management is becoming increasingly complex. We introduced a novel wait‐list management strategy at our center, the Transplant Readiness Assessment Clinic (TRAC), whereby patients whose Kidney Allocation Scores surpass a threshold are actively managed. From January 1, 2016 through June 30, 2017, we evaluated 195 patients through TRAC. Compared to pre‐TRAC systems at our institution, TRAC resulted in a higher proportion of activation at 18 months (38% vs 22%‐26%, P < 0.0001), despite being enriched in patients with long dialysis duration. TRAC also resulted in a higher proportion of wait‐list removal (15% vs 8%‐9%, P < 0.05) although combined wait‐list removal and death on wait‐list did not differ (18% vs 16%‐17%). Median time to activation was 356 days from TRAC evaluation. Of the transplant barriers, need for cardiovascular studies was the most common (31%), followed by other medical issues (23%), poor functional status (13%), and psychosocial issues (10%). By concentrating center resources on patients most likely to be transplanted after activation and performing active patient management close to the time of transplant, TRAC has the potential to significantly enhance kidney transplant success in regions with long wait‐times.