bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery: Blood-Brain Barrier as the Main Obstacle to Treating Infectious Diseases in CNS
Authors: Gondim Brenna Louise Cavalcanti , da Silva Catarino Jonatas , de Sousa Marlos Aureliano Dias , de Oliveira Silva Mariana , Lemes Marcela Rezende , de Carvalho-Costa Tamires Marielem , de Lima Nascimento Tatiana Rita , Machado Juliana Reis , Rodrigues Virmondes , Oliveira Carlo José Freire , Cançado Castellano Lúcio Roberto , da Silva Marcos Vinicius 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Parasitic infections affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present high morbidity
and mortality rates and affect millions of people worldwide. The most important parasites affecting the CNS are
protozoans (Plasmodium sp., Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma brucei), cestodes (Taenia solium) and free-living
amoebae (Acantamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris and Naegleria fowleri). Current therapeutic regimens
include the use of traditional chemicals or natural compounds that have very limited access to the CNS, despite
their elevated toxicity to the host. Improvements are needed in drug administration and formulations to treat these
infections and to allow the drug to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Methods:
This work aims to elucidate the recent advancements in the use of nanoparticles as nanoscaled drug
delivery systems (NDDS) for treating and controlling the parasitic infections that affect the CNS, addressing not
only the nature and composition of the polymer chosen, but also the mechanisms by which these nanoparticles
may cross the BBB and reach the infected tissue.

Results:
There is a strong evidence in the literature demonstrating the potential usefulness of polymeric nanoparticles
as functional carriers of drugs to the CNS. Some of them demonstrated the mechanisms by which drugloaded
nanoparticles access the CNS and control the infection by using in vivo models, while others only describe
the pharmacological ability of these particles to be utilized in in vitro environments.

Conclusion:
The scarcity of the studies trying to elucidate the compatibility as well as the exact mechanisms by
which NDDS might be entering the CNS infected by parasites reveals new possibilities for further exploratory
projects. There is an urgent need for new investments and motivations for applying nanotechnology to control
parasitic infectious diseases worldwide.
Current Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pharmacologically Relevant 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted-1H-Imidazole Derivatives
Authors: Rossi Renzo , Ciofalo Maurizio 
Published: October 2019

:In recent years, the synthesis and evaluation of the biological properties of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole derivatives have been the subject of a large number of studies by academia and industry. In these studies it has been shown that this large and highly differentiated class of heteroarene derivatives includes high valuable compounds having important biological and pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, antifibrotic, antiuricemic, antidiabetic, antileishmanial and antiulcer activities.:The present review with 411 references, in which we focused on the literature data published mainly from 2011 to 2017, aims to update the readers on the recent developments on the synthesis and biological evaluation of pharmacologically relevant 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole derivatives with an emphasis on their different molecular targets and their potential use as drugs to treat various types of diseases. Reference was also made to substantial literature data acquired before 2011 in this burgeoning research area.
Assessment of miR-212 and Other Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Treatment of HBV-infection-related Liver Diseases
Authors: Zhang Yigan , Xi Huaze , Nie Xin , Zhang Peng , Lan Ning , Lu Ying , Liu Jinrong , Yuan Wenzhen 
Published: October 2019

Objective:Our study aims to detect the sensitivity of the new biomarker miR-212 existing in serum exosomes along with other hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers such as AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), CA125 (carbohydrate antigen-ca125), and Hbx protein in the diagnosis of HBV-related liver diseases. We also aim to study the roles of these biomarkers in the progression of chronic hepatitis B and provide scientific data to show the clinical value of these biomarkers.Methods:We selected 200 patients with HBV-infection (58 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 47 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 30 cases of compensatory phase cirrhosis, and 65 cases of decompensatory phase cirrhosis), 31 patients with primary liver cancer without HBV infection, and 70 healthy individuals as the control group. The expression level of serum AFP and CA125 was detected with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The expression level of the Hbx protein was detected with ELISA. Meanwhile, the expression level of miR-212 in serum was analyzed with RT-qPCR. We collected patients’ clinical information following the Child-Pugh classification and MELD score criterion, and statistical analysis was made between the expression level of miR-212 and the collected clinical indexes. Lastly, we predicted the target genes of the miR-212 and its functions using bioinformatics methods such as cluster analysis and survival prediction.Results:Compared to the control group, the expression level of miR-212 in HBV infected patients was remarkably increased (P<0.05), especially between the HBV-infection Hepatocellular carcinoma group and the non-HBVinfection liver cancer group (P<0.05). The expression of miR-212 was increased in patients’ Child-Pugh classification, MELD score, and TNM staging. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of miR-212 were superior to AFP, CA125, and HBx protein.Conclusion:There is a linear relationship between disease progression and expression level of miR-212 in the serum of HBV infected patients. This demonstrates that miR-212 plays a significant role in liver diseases. miR-212 is expected to be a new biomarker used for the diagnosis and assessment of patients with HBV-infection-related liver diseases.
Use of Chou’s 5-Steps Rule to Reveal Active Compound and Mechanism of Shuangshen Pingfei San on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Chen Yeqing , Fan Xinsheng 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Shuangshen Pingfei San (SPS) is the derivative from the
classic formula Renshen Pingfei San in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Methods:
In this study, Chou’s 5-steps rule was performed to explore the potential
active compound and mechanism of SPS on IPF. Compound–target network, target–
pathway network, herb–target network and the core gene target interaction network
were established and analyzed. A total of 296 compounds and 69 candidate therapeutic
targets of SPS in treating IPF were obtained. Network analysis revealed that the main
active compounds were flavonoids (such as apigenin, quercetin, naringenin, luteolin),
other clusters (such as ginsenoside Rh2, diosgenin, tanshinone IIa), which might also
play significant roles. SPS regulated multiple IPF relative genes, which affect fibrosis
(PTGS2, KDR, FGFR1, TGFB, VEGFA, MMP2/9) and inflammation (PPARG, TNF, IL13,
IL4, IL1B, etc.).

Conclusion:
In conclusion, anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of SPS might be related to the
regulation of inflammation and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways. These findings revealed
that the potential active compounds and mechanisms of SPS on IPF were a benefit to
further study.
Dance for People with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ruiz-Muelle Alicia , López-Rodríguez María Mar 
Published: October 2019

Background:In recent years, several reviews have addressed the effectiveness of dance therapy in dementia, healthy older adults, or the elderly in general. However, reviews regarding the effect of this therapy exclusively on patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease have not been found.Objective:The purpose of this study is to review the available literature describing clinical trials which explore the effects of dancing on psychological and physical outcomes, functionality, cognitive function, and quality of life in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, this review aims to assess the quality of studies that perform dance therapy interventions in these patients.Methods:This study is a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials regarding the effect of intervention including a dancing activity in people diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.Results:In total, the evidence for this review rests on 12 studies with a total of 349 participants. The findings of this mini-review confirm the positive effect of dance therapy on physical and cognitive function, functionality, psychological outcomes, and quality of life in people with Alzheimer's disease.Conclusion:Most of the studies implementing dance as part of the therapeutic treatment has shown to improve or slow the worsening in the quality of life of patients with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers. Future research focused on these patients should use a more exhaustive methodology and make a more detailed description of these kind of interventions.
Association of Insulin Secretion Level on Lipid Fractions and Risk of Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Dali-Sahi Majda , Dennouni-Medjati Nouria , Kachekouche Youssouf , Boudia Hamza N.M. , Boulenouar Houssam 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The existing literature reports results on the association of lipid parameters with the level of insulin secretion and the risk of arterial hypertension.

Objective:

This
study evaluated the role of the insulin dosage and lipid fractions in the risk of arterial hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients in Western Algeria.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional observational study involving 101 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The data collected was about the biodemographic profile of the participants. We performed multiple regressions to test the effect of insulin concentration on the parameters studied.

Results:
The multiple regression analytical study showed that HOMA-IR, BMI and waist circumference were predictors for the insulinemia response variable (P<0.05). It should be noted that in insulinopenia, insulin secretion is positively and significantly correlated with non-HDL-C (P=0.037), and it is also significantly and positively correlated with LDL-C (P=0.042). Multiple regression also shows that SBP and DBP are significantly and positively related to insulin resistance. Our data suggest a possible direct relationship between fasting insulin and blood pressure.

Conclusion:
Monitoring of circulating insulin concentrations is critically important in a population of type 2 diabetics.
Pola Pendidikan Karakter Siswa SMK Berbasis Pesantren
Authors: Achmad Widodo Syukri Fathudin , Abbas Wahiddin 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research are: 1) to determine the concept of character education pattern in SMK Syubbanul Wathon, and 2) to determine factors affecting Character Education Pattern of SMK Syubbanul Wathon students. The research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The research was carried out in SMK Syubbanul Wathon Pondok Pesantren API Tegalrejo in the Magelang district. Data were collected using participative observations, thorough interviews, and documentation. Data validation were ensured by maintaining credibility, transferability, dependability and conformability. Result shows that the school’s character education pattern is based on akhlakul karimah which main traits are autonomy and modesty. It becomes the character and soul of students (santri) in their social life. The boarding school integrates Salafi teaching, with a more modernized facility and management. Factors affecting the education pattern are students’ social background and their behavior outside the boarding school.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengetahui gambaran pola pendidikan karakter siswa SMK Syubbanul Wathon dan, 2) mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi Pola Pendidikan Karakter siswa SMK Syubbanul Wathon. Penelilitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMK Syubbanul Wathon Pondok Pesantren API Tegalrejo Kab.Magelang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pengamatan partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, pengumpulan dokumen. Keabsahan data dilakukan dengan cara menjaga kredibilitas, transferabilitas, depandebilitas, dan konfirmabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pembinaan karakter siswa SMK Subbanul Wathon berbasis pada akhlakul karimah yang berciri pada kemandirian dan kesederhanaan. Hal tersebut menjadi watak, jiwa siswa (santri) SMK Subbanul Wathon, dalam mengarungi kehidupan masyarakat. Integrasi pendidikan ala pondok pesantren Salaf, fasilitas dan manajemen yang cukup moderen. Sedangkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pola pembinaan siswa SMK Subbanul Wathon diantaranya: latar belakang sosial siswa dan kebiasaan-kebiasaan siswa saat berada di luar lingkungan pondok
Perancangan 3D Printer Tipe Core XY Berbasis Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Menggunakan Software Autodesk Inventor 2015
Authors: Nurul Amri Anief Awalia , Sumbodo Wirawan 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research are to determine the mechanical strength of a 3D Printer frame design of type Core XY using Autodesk Inventor 2015 and to assess the build quality of the 3D Printers. This is an R&D research following the Pahl & Beitz’s methods which comprises of the following stages: Task or specifications, planning and clarification, conceptual design, embodiment design, and detailed design. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that the mechanical strength of the 3D printer frame is satisfactory and is proven by the Autodesk Inventor 2015 analysis. The printed workpiece has a tolerance of ± 0,5 mm. It is concluded that the type core XY 3D Printer is ready to use for printing 3-dimensional objects.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kekuatan struktur mekanik dari perancangan desain rangka 3D Printer tipe Core XY menggunakan software Autodesk Inventor 2015 dan mengetahui kualitas produk hasil 3D Printer yang dibuat. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis perancangan dengan metode Pahl & Beitz dengan tahapan penjabaran tugas atau spesifikasi, perancangan konsep, perancangan wujud, dan perancangan secara terperinci. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa kekuatan rangka 3D Printer cukup baik dibuktikan dengan analisis menggunakan software auodesk inventor 2015 dan hasil benda kerja yang diproses menggunakan 3D Printer mempunyai nilai kepresisian dengan toleransi ± 0.5 mm dibuktikan dengan hasil pengukuran benda kerja dengan menggunaakan alat ukur. Jadi disimpulkan bahwa 3D Printer tipe core XY yang dibuat layak digunakan untuk proses pembuatan benda 3 Dimensi
Prevalence and Outcomes of Web-Based Health Information Seeking for Acute Symptoms: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aoun Lydia , Lakkis Najla , Antoun Jumana 
Published: October 2019

Background
The literature indicates that Web-based health information seeking is mostly used for seeking information on well-established diseases. However, only a few studies report health information seeking in the absence of a doctor’s visit and in the context of acute symptoms.

Objective
This survey aimed to estimate the prevalence of Web-based health information seeking for acute symptoms and the impact of such information on symptom management and health service utilization.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 287 Lebanese adults (with a response rate of 18.5% [54/291]) conducted between December 2016 and June 2017. The survey was answered by participants online or through phone-based interviews.

Results
A total of 64.3% of the participants (178/277) reported checking the internet for health information when they had an acute symptom. The rate of those who sought to use Web-based health information first when experiencing acute symptom(s) in the past 12 months was 19.2% (25/130). In addition, 50% (9/18) visited the doctor because of the obtained information, and the rest self-medicated or sought a pharmacist’s advice; the majority (18/24, 75%) improved within 3-4 days.

Conclusions
Higher education level and trust in Web-based medical information were two major predictors of Web-based health information seeking for acute symptoms. Seeking Web-based health information first for acute symptoms is common and may lead to self-management by avoiding a visit to the physician. Physicians should encourage their patients to discuss Web-based health information and guide them toward trusted online websites.
Incidencia de los Recursos Lúdicos en el Proceso de Enseñanza – Aprendizaje de la Química Orgánica I
Authors: Gutierrez Mosquera Alexander , Barajas Perea Dary Stella 
Published: October 2019

<p>Este trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de diseñar, elaborar, implementar y evaluar recursos lúdicos, utilizados como herramienta de apoyo en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje de la asignatura de Química Orgánica I en el programa académico de Licenciatura en Biología y Química de la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó (UTCH), Quibdó - Colombia. Esta investigación presenta un diseño cuasi-experimental, en donde la enseñanza de la química en un grupo denominado experimental, se implementó las actividades lúdicas y en otro grupo control se desarrolló a través del método de enseñanza tradicional. Se utilizo instrumentos como la guía de observación, encuestas y cuestionarios para compilar, categorizar y triangular la información recolectada. Los resultados revelan que los recursos lúdicos inciden positivamente en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la química orgánica. Estos resultados se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de la estadística descriptiva y las pruebas paramétricas o no paramétricas a través del empleo de Microsoft Excel y el programa estadístico SPSS. </p>
Kewenangan Hakim Menerapkan Diskresi dalam Permohonan Dispensasi Nikah (Studi Kasus di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Jantho)
Authors: Syuib M. Syuib , Filzah Nadhilah 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari jawaban dan alasan mengapa hakim dapat mengabulkan dan memberikan dispensasi nikah kepada pasangan yang belum cukup umur. Untuk memperoleh jawaban tersebut peneliti menggunakan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang didukung dengan data primer berupa wawancara langsung dengan hakim dan panitera permohonan di Mahkamah Syar’iyah Jantho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dasar kewenangan hakim menerapkan diskresi adalah dengan melakukan pemilihan fakta-fakta yang diajukan sehingga dapat dipilih fakta yang relevan dan benar-benar menjadi alasan hukum yang tepat. Dengan begitu, hakim dapat membuat suatu keputusan yang bijaksana yaitu keputusan yang memenuhi unsur keadilan, kepastian, kemanfaatan hukum dan menimbulkan kemaslahatan bagi pasangan tersebut. Temuan lainnya, dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menerapkan dispensasi nikah dikarenakan khawatir dan takut akan timbulnya fitnah, disebabkan banyak kemudharatan atau dampak negatif yang timbul apabila tidak diberikan dispensasi nikah tersebut.
OPTIMASI KINERJA PROSES FINE SODICK A 350 SS WIRE-EDM PADA PEMOTONGAN BAJA SKD 11
Authors: Haryono Yon 
Published: October 2019

Performansi yang diharapkan dari proses pemesinan Wire-EDM adalah laju pembuangan material (material removal rate) yang tinggi dan kualitas permukaan (surface integrity) yang baik. Akan tetapi kondisi tersebut tidak mudah untuk dilakukan karena banyaknya variabel yang mempengaruhi kinerja proses pemesinan Wire-EDM.
Salah satu upaya untuk mencari solusi dari problem diatas adalah dengan menentukan hubungan antara kinerja proses dengan variabel proses, kemudian dicari kombinasi level variabel proses yang dapat memberikan performansi proses optimum. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan model dari proses Wire-EDM dengan mengadopsi Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Durasi pulsa, kuat arus, tegangan mekanik kawat dan kecepatan kawat dipilih sebagai variabel proses, sedangkan laju pembuangan material/material removal rate (MRR) dan kekasaran permukaan sebagai respon. Proses optimasi dual response dilakukan dengan bantuan paket program aplikasi Quantitative System untuk kasus inequality constraint.
Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukakan bahwa variabel proses yang dipilih memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap respon. Laju pembuangan material dan kekasaran permukaan mancapai kondisi optimal secara bersamaan pada kombinasi durasi pulsa 3.83 ms, kuat arus 2,74 amper, tegangan mekanik kawat 998,93 gr/mm2, dan kecepatan kawat 1419,29 cm/min. Pada seting variabel proses seperti tersebut diatas dihasilkan MRR sebesar 11,48 mm3/min dan kekasaran permukaan 1,86 mm.
Pacientes con tuberculosis conocimientos y actitudes frente al problema, Esmeraldas-Ecuador.
Authors: Tito Pineda Amparo Paola , Sánchez López Nataly Silvana , Tapia Paguay María Ximena , Montenegro Tapia Samantha Abigaíl , López Aguilar Eva Consuelo 
Published: October 2019

Introducción: La tuberculosis continúa siendo un problema para la salud pública en el Ecuador, las deficiencias en el conocimiento de la enfermedad, las barreras culturales y las actitudes de los pacientes influyen en el control de la tuberculosis. Objetivo: determinar los conocimientos y actitudes en los pacientes con tuberculosis atendidos en una unidad de salud Tipo C; Métodos: diseño no experimental, tipo descriptivo, observacional y transversal, mediante el cual se midió el nivel de conocimiento y prácticas de los pacientes hacia la enfermedad del Centro de Salud tipo C “Nuevo San Rafael”. Resultados: la edad entre 40 a 55 años, predominio de sexo masculino, instrucción primaria incompleta, los pacientes identifican a la tuberculosis como enfermedad contagiosa, conocen los síntomas influyendo en las actitudes positivas para cumplir con el tratamiento; pero la mayoría de los pacientes tienen desconocimiento en las medidas preventivas necesarias dentro de su familia y la comunidad. Conclusiones: en los cambios estratégicos en el abordaje de la atención primaria de la tuberculosis no se ha contribuido a reducir el contagio de la enfermedad por las prácticas saludables deficientes.
Estratégias pedagógicas de formação de professores para a produção de materiais didáticos em EAD
Authors: Lopes Ana Lúcia de Souza 
Published: October 2019

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar algumas considerações sobre a formação docente, em especial, para a modalidade educação a distância. discutiremos algumas reflexões sobre a formação docente e os desafios da contemporaneidade. abordaremos a teoria da aprendizagem significativa enquanto metodologia para a organização do ensino e desenvolvimento de materiais ead. Apresentaremos o labead mackenzie: uma experiência de imersão para a produção de materiais didáticos e performance docente e, por fim, exemplicaremos uma das ações apresentando o guia de produção de material didático do professor ead mackenzie como uma estratégia pedagógica entendida como metodologia que oferece condições para uma aprendizado significativo em ead. Palavras-chave: Formação docente; materiais didáticos; educação a distância.
Ética, ciência, conhecimento e educação: dialogar com os termos e voltar a fazer perguntas
Authors: Cunha António Camilo 
Published: October 2019

O texto tenta fazer uma incursão na Ética em pesquisa nos contextos educativos com o objetivo de problematizar a ética no contexto da ciência, do conhecimento (pesquisa) e da educação. Para tal, tenta num primeiro momento fazer um esclarecimento dos termos – esclarecimento simples, para depois – num segundo momento - colocar questões (voltar a perguntar) sobre o sentido da praxis axiológica, investigativa e educativa. Voltar a perguntar porque não temos respostas, ou melhor, talvez encontremos respostas (implícitas e explicitas) perguntando…