bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of camera traps for quantifying daytime and nighttime visitation by vertebrate pollinators
Authors: Krauss Siegfried L. , Roberts David G. , Phillips Ryan D. , Edwards Caroline 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIdentification of pollen vectors is a fundamental objective of pollination biology. The foraging and social behavior of these pollinators has profound effects on plant mating, making quantification of their behavior critical for understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of different pollinators for the plants they visit. However, accurate quantification of visitation may be problematic, especially for shy animals and/or when the temporal and spatial scale of observation desired is large. Sophisticated heat‐ and movement‐triggered motion‐sensor cameras (“camera trapping”) provide new, underutilized tools to address these challenges. However, to date, there has been no rigorous evaluation of the sampling considerations needed for using camera trapping in pollination research.We measured the effectiveness of camera trapping for identifying vertebrate visitors and quantifying their visitation rates and foraging behavior onBanksia menziesii(Proteaceae). Multiple still cameras (Reconyx HC 500) and a video camera (Little Acorn LTL5210A) were deployed.From 2,753 recorded visits by vertebrates, we identified five species of nectarivorous honeyeater (Meliphagidae) and the honey possum (Tarsipedidae), with significant variation in the species composition of visitors among inflorescences. Species of floral visitor showed significant variation in their time of peak activity, duration of visits, and numbers of flowers probed per visit. Where multiple cameras were deployed on individual inflorescences, effectiveness of individual still cameras varied from 15% to 86% of all recorded visits. Methodological issues and solutions, and the future uses of camera traps in pollination biology, are discussed.Conclusions and wider implications: Motion‐triggered cameras are promising tools for the quantification of vertebrate visitation and some aspects of behavior on flowers. However, researchers need to be mindful of the variation in effectiveness of individual camera traps in detecting animals. Pollinator studies using camera traps are in their infancy, and the full potential of this developing technology is yet to be realized.
Integrated extrusion‐enzymatic treatment of corn bran for production of functional cake
Authors: Haghighi‐Manesh Soroush , Azizi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCorn bran, as one of the high‐fructose corn syrup industries’ by‐products, is a rich source of functional fibers. The major fraction of corn bran is insoluble arabinoxylan having lower functional properties than the minor soluble function. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to increase the soluble fiber content of corn bran and use it for functional cake production. In this regard, milled corn bran with three different sizes was exposed to one factor enzymatic treatment to select the best sieving size (the criterion for selecting the best product in each stage of assay was production of the highest amount of soluble fiber). Then, milled corn bran with the best particle size was exposed to nine different enzymatic treatments to select the best enzymatic treatment condition. Additionally, the extruder feed (corn bran) moisture was adjusted to three levels to select the best level of feed moisture content and use it for performing nine different extruding experiments. Concerning integrated extrusion‐enzymatic treatment, nine different extruding pretreatments were conducted on corn bran through selecting the optimum moisture level of extruding. Afterward, the product was milled and sieved to the optimum size for enzymatic treatment, and the nine pretreatments were combined with nine different enzymatic treatments. The product containing the highest soluble fiber was selected and used at various levels for functional cake production. Finally, some organoleptic and physicochemical properties (springiness, gumminess, hardness, cohesiveness, Bostwick number, density) of the produced product were analyzed.
Structural and functional changes of the visual cortex in early Huntington's disease
Authors: Coppen Emma M. , Grond Jeroen van der , Hafkemeijer Anne , Barkey Wolf Jurriaan J. H. , Roos Raymund A. C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal‐dominant inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor disturbances, psychiatric disturbances, and cognitive impairment. Visual cognitive deficits and atrophy of the posterior cerebral cortex are additionally present in early disease stages. This study aimed to assess the extent of structural and functional brain alterations of the visual cortex in HD gene carriers using different neuroimaging modalities. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 18 healthy controls, 21 premanifest, and 20 manifest HD gene carriers. Voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis and cortical thickness measurements were performed to assess structural changes in the visual cortex. Brain function was measured by assessing neuronal connectivity changes in response to visual stimulation and at rest in visual resting‐state networks. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between visual cognitive function and structural imaging measures. Compared to controls, pronounced atrophy and decreased neuronal function at rest were present in associative visual cortices in manifest HD. The primary visual cortex did not show group differences in cortical thickness and in vascular activity after visual stimulation. Thinning of the associative visual cortex was related to worse visual perceptual function. Premanifest HD gene carriers did not show any differences in brain structure or function compared to controls. This study improves the knowledge on posterior brain changes in HD, as our findings suggest that the primary visual cortex remains preserved, both structurally and functionally, while atrophy of associative visual cortices is present in early HD and linked to clinical visual deficits.
Making HPV vaccination available to girls everywhere
Authors: Oberlin Austin M. , Rahangdale Lisa , Chinula Lameck , Fuseini Nurain M. , Chibwesha Carla J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCervical cancer is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, with most cases occurring in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Safe, highly effective vaccines against HPV have been on the market since 2006, yet only 6% of girls worldwide have received this life‐saving cancer prevention intervention. International organizations, including PATH, Gavi, and the pharmaceutical companies Merck and GlaxoSmithKline, have provided support to eligible low‐ and middle‐income countries to implement national HPV vaccination programs. Still, glaring disparities in the availability of national HPV vaccination programs and the coverage of the primary target population between the global north and south persist. We illustrate worldwide HPV vaccine implementation and coverage using an online data visualization, which is publicly available and can be used to gain unique insights. We also present three emerging solutions to transform future HPV vaccine delivery in low‐ and middle‐income countries: low‐cost generics, single‐dose vaccination, and co‐administration with other adolescent vaccines. By rapidly expanding access to HPV vaccination to girls everywhere, vaccine‐type HPV infections can be virtually eliminated. At high vaccination‐coverage levels, more than 80%—or approximately 230 000—of the cervical cancer deaths that occur each year can be averted.
Distinct Clinical and Pathological Features of Melorheostosis Associated With Somatic MAP2K1 Mutations
Authors: Jha Smita , Fratzl-Zelman Nadja , Roschger Paul , Papadakis Georgios Z , Cowen Edward W , Kang Heeseog , Lehky Tanya J , Alter Katharine , Deng Zuoming , Ivovic Aleksandra , Flynn Lauren , Reynolds James C , Dasgupta Abhijit , Miettinen Markku , Lange Eileen , Katz James , Klaushofer Klaus , Marini Joan C , Siegel Richard M , Bhattacharyya Timothy 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Melorheostosis is a rare hyperostotic disease of the long bones classically characterized by a “dripping candle-wax” radiographic appearance. We recently described somatic activating mutations in MAP2K1 as a cause of melorheostosis. Here, we report distinguishing characteristics of patients with MAP2K1-positive melorheostosis. Fifteen unrelated patients with radiographic appearance of melorheostosis underwent paired biopsies of affected and unaffected bone for whole-exome sequencing, histology, and cell culture. Eight patients with mutations in MAP2K1 in affected bone were compared to the seven MAP2K1-negative patients to identify distinguishing characteristics. Patients with MAP2K1-positive melorheostosis had a distinct phenotype with classic “dripping candle-wax” appearance on radiographs (p = 0.01), characteristic vascular lesions on skin overlying affected bone (p = 0.01), and higher prevalence of extraosseous mineralization and joint involvement (p = 0.04 for both). Melorheostotic bone from both MAP2K1-positive and MAP2K1-negative patients showed two zones of distinct morphology—an outer segment of parallel layers of primary lamellar bone and a deeper zone of intensely remodeled highly porous osteonal-like bone. Affected bone from MAP2K1-positive patients showed excessive osteoid (p = 0.0012), increased number of osteoblasts (p = 0.012) and osteoclasts (p = 0.04), and increased vascularity on histology in comparison to paired unaffected bone which was not seen in affected bone in most MAP2K1-negative patients. The identification of a distinct phenotype of patients with MAP2K1-positive melorheostosis demonstrates clinical and genetic heterogeneity among patients with the disease. Further studies are needed to better understand the underlying pathophysiology and associated skin findings. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abstract
Patients with melorheostosis associated with somatic mosaic MAP2K1 mutations (found in affected bone and skin overlying affected bone) were more likely to have cutaneous vascular changes in skin overlying affected bone, classic “dripping candle-wax appearance” on x-rays and increased osteoid on bone histomorphometry. Presence of these characteristics may predict association with MAP2K1 mutations.
Effects of a State‐ and Use‐Dependent Nav1.7 Channel Blocker on Ambulatory Blood Pressure: A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Study
Authors: Fong Regan , Ballow Charles H. , Naik Himanshu , Steiner Deb , Palmer Joanne , White William B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVixotrigine is a state‐ and use‐dependent Nav1.7 channel blocker being investigated for the treatment of neuropathic pain conditions. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover trial was designed to evaluate changes in blood pressure with the administration of vixotrigine using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Eligible participants were healthy adults 18 to 65 years of age without evidence of baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) persistently > 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) persistently > 90 mm Hg. Vixotrigine (400 mg [men], 300 mg [women]) or placebo was administered orally twice daily for 36 days. Following a 7‐day washout period, participants crossed over to the other treatment. Each dosing period was preceded by 1 inpatient visit and 1 outpatient baseline visit. Two 14‐hour inpatient ABPM sessions occurred on days 14 and 35, with a return to the clinic the morning of days 15 and 36 for initiation of outpatient ABPM, which assessed blood pressure and heart rate every 15 minutes. Adverse events were collected throughout the study. The primary end point was the change from baseline in 24‐hour mean SBP and DBP on day 36. Sixty participants were enrolled; 10 withdrew from the study owing to adverse events, investigator discretion, or withdrawal of consent. From baseline to day 36, mean changes in average SBP and DBP (vixotrigine treated) were ‐0.33 and 0.20 mm Hg, respectively. Adverse event rates were comparable for vixotrigine and placebo; the most common adverse events were headache, dizziness, and nausea. Vixotrigine administration is not associated with a clinically important increase in blood pressure.
The effects of different frying oils on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in meatballs and the changes in fatty acid compositions of meatballs and frying oils
Authors: Ekiz Elif , Oz Fatih 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of different frying oils (sunflower, hazelnut, canola, commercially mixed, corn, riviera olive, and natural extra virgin olive) on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HCAs) in meatballs, and the changes in fatty acid composition of meatballs and frying oils before and after deep‐fat frying, were determined.RESULTSFrying oils had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on fatty acid composition and the total HCA content of meatballs. It was determined, in meat, intermuscular fat, meatballs, and all of the different frying oils, that the most common saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were palmitic acid and stearic acid, the most common monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was oleic acid, and the most common polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was linoleic acid. Only 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was detected in deep‐fat fried meatballs, whereas other HCAs (2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (IQx), 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ), 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2‐amino‐3,7,8‐trimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (7,8‐DiMeIQx), 2‐amino‐3,4,8‐trimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (4,8‐DiMeIQx), 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP), 2‐amino‐9H‐pyrido[2,3‐b]indole (AαC) and 2‐amino‐3‐methyl‐9H‐pyrido[2,3‐b]indole (MeAαC)) could not be detected. The total amount of HCAs in the meatballs ranged between 30.43 and 43.71 ng g−1.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study showed that MeIQx could be formed in deep‐fat fried meatballs with different frying oils. The lowest MeIQx content was found in meatballs fried in hazelnut oil and the highest MeIQx content was found in meatballs fried in commercially mixed oil. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of agronomic practices on grape aroma composition: a review
Authors: Alem Hubert , Rigou Peggy , Schneider Rémi , Ojeda Hernán , Torregrosa Laurent 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAroma compounds are secondary metabolites that play a key role in grape quality for enological purposes. Terpenes, C13‐norisoprenoids, phenols, and non‐terpenic alcohols are the most important aroma compounds in grapes and they can be found as free volatiles or glycoconjugated (bound) molecules. The non‐volatile glycosylated group is the largest, and it is present in all varieties of Vitis vinifera (L.), the most widely used species for wine production. These aroma precursors represent the reserve of aroma molecules that can be released during winemaking. Their relative and absolute concentrations at fruit ripening determine the organoleptic value of the final product. A large range of biotic and abiotic factors can influence their biosynthesis in several ways. Agronomic practices such as irrigation, training systems, leaf removal, and bunch thinning can have an effect at plant level. The spraying of stimulatory compounds on fruit at different developmental stages has also been shown to modify metabolic pathways at fruit level with some impact on the aroma composition of the grapevine fruit. Viticulturists could act to promote aroma precursors to improve the aromatic profile of grapes and the wine ultimately produced. However, agronomic practices do not always have uniform results. The metabolic and physiological changes resulting from agronomic practices are unknown because there has not been sufficient research to date. This review presents the state of the art regarding the influences of vineyard agronomic management on the biosynthesis of grape aroma compounds. Although literature regarding the topic is abundant there are still many unknown biological mechanisms involved and/or that have been insufficiently studied. The aim of this work is therefore to find the gaps in scientific literature so that future investigations can focus on them. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Salt‐stress induced proteomic changes of two contrasting alfalfa cultivars during germination stage
Authors: Gao Yanli , Cui Yanjun , Long Ruicai , Sun Yan , Zhang Tiejun , Yang Qingchuan , Kang Junmei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), the primary forage crop throughout the world, is sensitive to salt stress during the germination stage. To investigate the response of alfalfa to salt stress, a comprehensive proteomic analysis was performed comparing alfalfa cultivars that differ in salinity tolerance in the early seedling.RESULTSFive cultivars were examined for salt tolerance, and the most salt‐tolerant cultivar, ZhongmuNo.3, and the most salt‐sensitive cultivar, Daxiyang, were compared in terms of their physiological and proteomic responses. The two alfalfa cultivars seeds were exposed to 0 mmolL−1 or 200 mmolL−1 NaCl salt treatment for 10 days. Salt stress significantly reduced young seedling growth and the cotyledons' chlorophyll content; meanwhile, it increased the cotyledons' H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, all of which were less adversely affected in ZhongmuNo.3 than in Daxiyang. A total of 51 spots (24 and 27 protein spots in the salt‐sensitive and salt‐tolerant cultivars, respectively) were identified as significantly differentially expressed using two‐dimensional electrophoresis analysis. The proteins that were associated with salt tolerance included antioxidants/detoxifying enzymes, molecular chaperones, energy metabolic enzymes, a secondary metabolic enzyme, and pathogenesis‐related proteins.CONCLUSIONSUnder salt stress, ZhongmuNo.3 possessed a higher capacity for reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, a more abundant energy supply, and stronger photosynthesis than the salt‐sensitive cultivar Daxiyang, and these physiological processes may be the primary contributors to salt tolerance in ZhongmuNo.3. These advanced proteome data expand our knowledge of the physiology of the response of alfalfa to salt stress, providing a potentially valuable foundation for molecular breeding to enhance salt tolerance. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Enzymatic validation of species‐specific protocols for metal subcellular fractionation in freshwater animals
Authors: Cardon Pierre‐Yves , Caron Antoine , Rosabal Maikel , Fortin Claude , Amyot Marc 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe use of fractionation protocols to determine metal subcellular distribution in aquatic organisms has gained much interest over the last 15 yr, however, accurate separations among the different components of cells are challenging. Subcellular fractions separated with such an approach are operationally defined and a potentially significant difference can exist between anticipated and resulting fractions. This study customizes and validates subcellular partitioning protocols, for three different freshwater organisms representing a diversity of challenges for subcellular fractionation:Daphnia magna,Chironomus riparius, and liver ofOncorhynchus mykiss. Several protocols involving different homogenization methods, centrifugation speeds, or conservation conditions were tested, and their efficiencies were assessed using enzymatic biomarker assays. Our work allowed us to identify critical steps to improve separations. First, forD. magna, a crustacean with a reinforced chitinous exoskeleton, the use of a strong homogenization method using a sonicator is necessary. Second, for both invertebrates, we observed the leaking of the mitochondrial matrix during cell fractionation, regardless of the homogenization strength and conservation conditions. Therefore, we propose that the mitochondria fraction should be referred to as the mitochondrial membrane fraction, and the cytosol fraction should be identified as the cytosol and mitochondrial matrix fraction. Third, the presence of a lipid‐rich layer duringO. mykissliver fractionation may lead to an overlap between mitochondria and cytosol and must be considered in the protocol development. Finally, lysosomes should not be pooled with the microsomes fraction without prior validation. Overall, this study provides a benchmark for future methodological studies on similar taxa.
Ultradifferential operators in the study of Gevrey solvability and regularity
Authors: Ragognette Luis F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this work we present a new representation formula for ultradistributions using the so‐called ultradifferential operators. The main difference between our representation result and other works is that here we do not break the duality of Gevrey functions of other s and their ultradistributions, i.e., we locally represent an element of by an infinite order operator acting on a function of class . Our main application was in the local solvability of the differential complex associated to a locally integrable structure in a Gevrey environment.
Evaluation of perfusion by near‐infrared fluorescence imaging in late pedicle obstruction of a parascapular flap to the lower extremity: A case report
Authors: Strübing Felix F. , Bigdeli Amir K. , Schmidt Volker J. , Maraka Spyridoula , Kneser Ulrich , Kotsougiani Dimitra 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLate free flap failures due to pedicle obstruction are rare adverse events. The purpose of this report is to present a case in which the near‐infrared indocyanine green video angiography (ICG‐NIR‐VA) was used to evaluate the perfusion in a compromised fasciocutaneous flap in the late postoperative period. A 55‐year‐old male patient, who initially suffered from an open tibial fracture, developed concurrent osteomyelitis with fistulae of the proximal tibia requiring excision. Reconstruction was achieved using a parascapular flap of 25 × 8 cm, anastomosed to an arterio–venous (AV) Loop in the adductor canal. On the 2nd postoperative day the patient developed a thrombosis of the AV‐Loop. After thrombectomy, the postoperative course was uneventful. Seven weeks postoperatively the patient presented with a mottled, partially bluish and cold flap. Anticoagulation prophylaxis was stopped 2 days earlier. Angiography confirmed a thrombus in the arterial pedicle leading to flap ischemia. Near infrared guided fluorescence imaging revealed a delayed recapillarization of the proximal part of the flap closest to the vascular pedicle, albeit flap overall perfusion remained intact. Thus, no surgical intervention was undertaken. However, anticoagulation and prostaglandin therapy was initiated and the flap was salvaged. Genetic analysis uncovered a polymorphism in the prothrombin genes. The flap remained viable and without further complications until the last follow‐up visit at 36 weeks after microsurgical reconstruction. The patient was fully mobilized with complete return to function. Near‐infrared guided fluorescence imaging may be a viable tool for the assessment of late fasciocutaneous free flap complications and guide the decision‐making process.