bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic evaluation of the error detection abilities of a new diode transmission detector
Authors: Sarkar Vikren , Paxton Adam , Kunz Jeremy , Szegedi Martin , Nelson Geoff , Rassiah‐Szegedi Prema , Zhao Hui , Huang Y. Jessica , Su Frances , Salter Bill J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransmission detectors meant to measure every beam delivered on a linear accelerator are now becoming available for monitoring the quality of the dose distribution delivered to the patient daily. The purpose of this work is to present results from a systematic evaluation of the error detection capabilities of one such detector, the Delta4 Discover. Existing patient treatment plans were modified through in‐house‐developed software to mimic various delivery errors that have been observed in the past. Errors included shifts in multileaf collimator leaf positions, changing the beam energy from what was planned, and a simulation of what would happen if the secondary collimator jaws did not track with the leaves as they moved. The study was done for simple 3D plans, static gantry intensity modulated radiation therapy plans as well as dynamic arc and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. Baseline plans were delivered with both the Discover device and the Delta4 Phantom+ to establish baseline gamma pass rates. Modified plans were then delivered using the Discover only and the predicted change in gamma pass rate, as well as the detected leaf positions were evaluated. Leaf deviations as small as 0.5 mm for a static three‐dimensional field were detected, with this detection limit growing to 1 mm with more complex delivery modalities such as VMAT. The gamma pass rates dropped noticeably once the intentional leaf error introduced was greater than the distance‐to‐agreement criterion. The unit also demonstrated the desired drop in gamma pass rates of at least 20% when jaw tracking was intentionally disabled and when an incorrect energy was used for the delivery. With its ability to find errors intentionally introduced into delivered plans, the Discover shows promise of being a valuable, independent error detection tool that should serve to detect delivery errors that can occur during radiotherapy treatment.
Exploring mTOR inhibition as treatment for mitochondrial disease
Authors: Sage‐Schwaede Abigail , Engelstad Kristin , Salazar Rachel , Curcio Angela , Khandji Alexander , Garvin Jr James H. , De Vivo Darryl C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLeigh syndrome and MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes) are two of the most frequent pediatric mitochondrial diseases. Both cause severe morbidity and neither have effective treatment. Inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway has been shown in model mice of Leigh syndrome to extend lifespan and attenuate both the clinical and pathological progression of disease. Based on this observation, we treated two children with everolimus, a rapamycin analogue. The child with Leigh syndrome showed sustained benefit, while the child with MELAS failed to respond and died of progressive disease. We discuss possible mechanisms underlying these disparate responses to mTOR inhibition.
Associations of Arthritis‐Attributable Interference with Routine Life Activities: A Modifiable Source of Compromised Quality‐of‐Life
Authors: Theis K. A. , Brady T. J. , Helmick C. G. , Murphy L. B. , Barbour K. E. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveArthritis patients experience the impact of disease beyond routinely assessed clinical measures. We characterized arthritis‐attributable interference in four important routine life domains: 1) recreation/leisure/hobbies; 2) household chores; 3) errands/shopping; and 4) social activities.MethodsParticipants were from the Arthritis Conditions Health Effects Survey (2005‐2006), a cross‐sectional survey of noninstitutionalized US adults 45 years or older with doctor‐diagnosed arthritis (n = 1793). We estimated the prevalence of “a lot” of arthritis‐attributable interference and quantified the associations between sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological characteristics and “a lot” of arthritis‐attributable interference (vs “a little” or “none”) in each domain using prevalence ratios (PRs) in multivariable (MV)‐adjusted logistic regression models.ResultsAn estimated 1 in 5 to 1 in 4 adults with arthritis reported “a lot” of arthritis‐attributable interference in recreation/leisure/hobbies (27%), household chores (25%), errands/shopping (22%), and social activities (18%). The highest prevalence of “a lot” of arthritis‐attributable interference was for those unable to work/disabled or reporting severe arthritis symptoms (pain, stiffness, fatigue), anxiety, depression, or no/low confidence in ability to manage arthritis, across domains. In MV‐adjusted models, those unable to work/disabled, currently seeing a doctor, or reporting fair/poor self‐rated health, severe joint pain, anxiety, or no/low confidence in ability to manage arthritis were more likely to report arthritis‐attributable interference than their respective counterparts. Magnitudes varied by domain but were consistently strongest for those unable to work/disabled (MV PR range = 1.8‐2.5) and with fair/poor health (MV PR range = 1.7‐2.7).ConclusionMany characteristics associated with arthritis‐attributable interference in routine life activities are potentially modifiable, suggesting unmet need for use of existing evidence‐based interventions that address these characteristics and reduce interferences to improve quality of life.
A Novel Charge Transfer Channel to Simultaneously Enhance Photocatalytic Water Splitting Activity and Stability of CdS
Authors: Ning Xingming , Wu Yali , Ma Xiaofang , Zhang Zhen , Gao Ruiqin , Chen Jing , Shan Duoliang , Lu Xiaoquan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is highly desirable to develop durable photocatalysts for efficiently boosting water splitting, but it is challenging for CdS to realize the expected result without using any hole sacrificial agents. Herein, improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and enhanced stability are simultaneously realized in the absence of any sacrificial agents by introducing Zinc 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, 20‐meso‐tetra (4‐hydrazidephenyl) porphyrin (ZnTHPP) onto CdS nanosheets (CdS NSs). In this system (ZnTHPP/CdS NSs), a novel hole transfer channel is achieved by an internal chemical reaction using the functional group of acylhydrazine in ZnTHPP. Compared with CdS NSs, the ZnTHPP/CdS NSs exhibit excellent photostability (15 h) and efficient photocatalytic activity for pure water splitting (≈6.4 times). Furthermore, it is found that the rate constant for photogenerated holes is about 1.7 times higher than the pure CdS NSs under light irradiation. This suggests that the promising charge transfer channel can efficiently suppress charge recombination and photocorrosion of pure CdS NSs. The pattern via internal charge transfer channel not only can solve the stability of CdS based materials, but also design more semiconductors for efficient photocatalytic water splitting.
Improving the Rate of Translation of Tissue Engineering Products
Authors: Ghaemi Roza Vaez , Siang Lim C. , Yadav Vikramaditya G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOver 100 000 research articles and 9000 patents have been published on tissue engineering (TE) in the past 20 years. Yet, very few TE products have made their way to the market during the same period. Experts have proposed a variety of strategies to address the lack of translation of TE products. However, since these proposals are guided by qualitative insights, they are limited in scope and impact. Machine learning is utilized in the current study to analyze the entire body of patents that have been published over the past twenty years and understand patenting trends, topics, areas of application, and exemplifications. This analysis yields surprising and little‐known insights about the differences in research priorities and perceptions of innovativeness of tissue engineers in academia and industry, as well as aids to chart true advances in the field during the past twenty years. It is hoped that this analysis and subsequent proposal to improve translational rates of TE products will spur much needed dialogue about this important pursuit.
Understanding Near Infrared Laser Driven Continuum White Light Emission by Graphene and Its Mixture with an Oxide Phosphor
Authors: Wu Jianhong , Sun Xiaoyu , Xiao Wenge , Liu Xiaofeng , Tan Dezhi , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent observations suggest that continuum white light generation driven by a near infrared (NIR) laser is not limited to rare earth (RE) doped phosphors, but is rather a general photophysical process of light–matter interaction as long as the NIR laser energy is efficiently absorbed. Since the proposed explanations seem to be material‐dependent, a comparative investigation on the white light generation in graphene, and its mixture with a typical RE‐doped oxide phosphor is reported here for a general understanding of this process. In contrast to the steady increase of white light intensity in graphene, the white light generated from the oxide phosphor and their mixtures with graphene exhibits a stepwise growth of intensity with laser power. By using the temperature‐dependent upconversion luminescence as ratiometric temperature sensing, it is observed that this emission is closely correlated with the jumps in temperature with the rise of excitation power. Since the black body temperatures are much higher than the temperatures derived by the ratiometric method, it is suggested that this process can be understood by a general thermally assisted direct photon‐to‐photon conversion process, rather than by pure thermal radiation. The results of this work may have important implication for the understanding and design of efficient continuum white light sources.
A Formal [3+2] Annulation of β‐Oxoamides and 3‐Alkyl‐ or 3‐Aryl‐Substituted Prop‐2‐Ynyl Sulfonium Salts: Substrate‐Controlled Chemoselective Synthesis of Substituted γ‐Lactams and Furans
Authors: Deng Bicheng , Rao Chitturi Bhujanga , Zhang Rui , Li Jiacheng , Liang Yongjiu , Zhao Yanning , Gao Ming , Dong Dewen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA substrate‐controlled synthesis of substituted γ‐lactams and furans has been developed via a formal [3+2] annulation of β‐oxoamides and 3‐alkyl/arylprop‐2‐ynyl sulfonium salts in the presence of cesium carbonate in a chemoselective manner. This novel protocol features easily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, simple execution, and good to excellent yields of products.magnified image
MPMC and MCMD: Free High‐Performance Simulation Software for Atomistic Systems
Authors: Franz Douglas M. , Belof Jonathan L. , McLaughlin Keith , Cioce Christian R. , Tudor Brant , Hogan Adam , Laratelli Luciano , Mulcair Meagan , Mostrom Matthew , Navas Alejandro , Stern Abraham C. , Forrest Katherine A. , Pham Tony , Space Brian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdvancements in parallel computing and hardware have allowed computational exploration of chemical systems of interest with unprecendented accuracy and efficiency. The typical development of molecular simulation software is initially inspired by a particular scientific inquiry. The softwares presented herein, MPMC (Massively Parallel Monte Carlo) and MCMD (Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamics) were born out of a pursuit to simulate condensed phase physical and chemical interactions in porous materials. MPMC first began in 2005 and has been used for dozens of published results in the literature but has not yet been introduced in a standalone paper. MCMD is a more recent expansion and re‐write with some published work, focused on adding molecular dynamics algorithms for transport and other time‐dependent properties of chemical systems. Each software functions as a standalone with some unique and other overlapping features. A driving aim of this work is to consider periodic, long‐range polarization effects in classical simulation, and both codes are optimized to perform such calculations. Sample results will be presented which highlight methodically that inclusion of explicit polarization produces simulation results with predictive power which in general are in greater agreement with experiment than non‐polarizable analogous simulations.
Thermally Stable Donor–Acceptor Type (Alkynyl)Gold(III) TADF Emitters Achieved EQEs and Luminance of up to 23.4% and 70 300 cd m−2 in Vacuum‐Deposited OLEDs
Authors: Zhou Dongling , To Wai‐Pong , Kwak Yoonhyun , Cho Yongsuk , Cheng Gang , Tong Glenna So Ming , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThermally stable, strongly luminescent gold‐TADF emitters are the clue to realize practical applications of gold metal in next generation display and lighting technology, a scarce example of which is herein described. A series of donor–acceptor type cyclometalated gold(III) alkynyl complexes with some of them displaying highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with Φ up to 88% in thin films and emission lifetimes of ≈1–2 µs at room temperature are developed. The emission color of these complexes is readily tunable from green to red by varying the donor unit and cyclometalating ligand. Vacuum‐deposited organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with these complexes as emissive dopants achieve external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and luminance of up to 23.4% and 70 300 cd m−2, respectively.
Sub‐Nanometer Thick Gold Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Catalysts
Authors: Ye Sunjie , Brown Andy P. , Stammers Ashley C. , Thomson Neil H. , Wen Jin , Roach Lucien , Bushby Richard J. , Coletta Patricia Louise , Critchley Kevin , Connell Simon D. , Markham Alexander F. , Brydson Rik , Evans Stephen D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract2D metal nanomaterials offer exciting prospects in terms of their properties and functions. However, the ambient aqueous synthesis of atomically‐thin, 2D metallic nanomaterials represents a significant challenge. Herein, freestanding and atomically‐thin gold nanosheets with a thickness of only 0.47 nm (two atomic layers thick) are synthesized via a one‐step aqueous approach at 20 °C, using methyl orange as a confining agent. Owing to the high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, abundance of unsaturated atoms exposed on the surface and large interfacial areas arising from their ultrathin 2D nature, the as‐prepared Au nanosheets demonstrate excellent catalysis performance in the model reaction of 4‐nitrophenol reduction, and remarkable peroxidase‐mimicking activity, which enables a highly sensitive colorimetric sensing of H2O2 with a detection limit of 0.11 × 10−6 m. This work represents the first fabrication of freestanding 2D gold with a sub‐nanometer thickness, opens up an innovative pathway toward atomically‐thin metal nanomaterials that can serve as model systems for inspiring fundamental advances in materials science, and holds potential across a wide region of applications.
Copper Schiff base functionalized polyaniline (Cu‐SB/PANI): A highly efficient polymer based organometallic catalyst for the synthesis of 2‐amino chromene derivatives
Authors: Siddiqui Shaheen , Siddiqui Zeba N. 
Published: August 2019

Copper Schiff Base functionalized Polyaniline (Cu‐SB/PANI) has been synthesized as an efficient, recyclable and heterogeneous polymer based organometallic catalyst by simple method. The catalyst has been well characterized with different spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, SEM/EDX, elemental mapping, XRD, TEM, TG, XPS, EPR and ICP‐AES analyses. The catalytic potential of the catalyst has been explored by synthesizing 2‐amino chromene derivatives. The catalyst efficiently catalyzed the reaction affording excellent yield of the products (95–97%) in very short reaction time period (6–8 min). The catalyst could be reused for five times with insignificant loss in catalytic activity.
Thermal behavior of polyformates of milkweed and soybean oils
Authors: Harry‐O'kuru Rogers E. , Biresaw Girma , Xu James 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTReprocessing neat vicinal polyformate esters of milkweed and soybean triglycerides in a silica‐drying column with mild heating resulted in a light reddish‐orange gel formation of the column eluate on cooling. Analysis of gel by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR showed characteristics of possible elimination, which include olefinic/aromatic moieties and formic acid. Rearrangement of triglyceride skeleton leads to crosslinking. FTIR spectrum of the gel suggested formation of olefinic species. Trial runs to reproduce the column results by heating aliquots of the neat vicinal polyformate under N2 with and without silica gel generated a gas that discharged basic phenolphthalein solution. Further heating gave a tacky off‐white polymer that was chloroform insoluble. In contrast, the vicinal polyacetate derivatives of milkweed and soybean oils were stable under similar reaction conditions. From the rheological similarity of their power‐law exponents, 0.63 and 0.70, respectively, MWF gel and SoyF gel can have similar behavior during processing. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48225.
Preparation and catalytic properties of modified PGMA‐based pH‐responsive hydrogel films as a novel template for in situ synthesis of Au, Ag, and Au:Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Kocak Gökhan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTMetal‐nanoparticle (M‐NP)‐modified glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)‐based hydrogel film composites were synthesized and assessed for their catalytic activities by reducing para‐nitrophenol (p‐NP) to para‐aminophenol (p‐AP) with sodium borohydride. Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether‐block‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (MPEG‐b‐PGMA‐b‐PMMA) triblock copolymer was synthesized via atom transfer‐radical polymerization. The epoxy ring of the PGMA blocks was opened by the addition of 1‐methylpiperazine. The resulting bifunctional polymer containing 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl piperazinepropyl methacrylate units was used to synthesize novel crosslinked hydrogel films by quaternization of the tertiary amine (methylpiperazine) with 1,2‐bis(2‐iodoethoxy)ethane. The synthesized hydrogel film swelled in aqueous solution when the pH was changed from basic to acidic. The prepared MPEG‐b‐PHMPPMA‐b‐PMMA hydrogel film was used as an immobilizing matrix to form monometallic silver (Ag) and gold (Au) and bimetallic alloy gold:silver (Au:Ag) nanoparticles. The M‐NP/hydrogel film composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. The synthesized M‐NP/hydrogel film composites showed good catalytic activity to reduce p‐NP to p‐AP. The composites were also found to be reusable as their activity only slightly dropped after 10 consecutive uses. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48360.
Neural correlates of association strength and categorical relatedness in youths with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Wong Ciao‐Han , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen , Chou Tai‐Li 
Published: August 2019

Impaired language and communication are commonly observed in youths with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the organization of semantic knowledge in youths with ASD remains unclear compared to typically developing (TD) youths. The present study addresses this issue by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the distinction between association strength and categorical relatedness of semantic knowledge. A sample of 31 male youths with ASD (mean age = 12.1 years, SD = 1.2) and 38 TD youths (mean age = 11.9 years, SD = 1.0) was recruited with matched age, gender, and handedness. Participants decided if two visually presented Chinese characters were semantically related during fMRI scanning. For weaker association strength, the ASD group showed greater left cuneus activation, which was positively correlated with the picture completion for visual perception, whereas the TD group showed greater middle temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus activation. For higher categorical relatedness, the TD group showed greater activation than the ASD group in the occipitotemporal cortex and left precuneus, which was positively correlated with the similarities for concept formulation. Findings imply that the ASD group may use lower‐level visual information for both association strength and categorical relatedness. The TD group showed higher‐level controlled processes of more elaborate semantic representations for association strength and more elaborate features of categorical knowledge for semantic selection and integration. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1484–1494. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present language/communication impairments. Exploring the difference of semantic processing between youths with ASD and typically developing (TD) youths is crucial for understanding the organization of semantic knowledge. We found different neural substrates of semantic knowledge between these two groups. ASD youths may rely more on lower‐level visual information during semantic judgments, whereas TD youths showed higher‐level controlled processes of more elaborate semantic representations for selection and integration of words, phrases, and sentences.
Nucleic acid methylation and orofacial morphogenesis
Authors: Seelan Ratnam S. , Pisano Michele , Greene Robert M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this review, we highlight the current state of knowledge of the diverse roles nucleic acid methylation plays in the embryonic development of the orofacial region and how aberrant methylation may contribute to orofacial clefts. We also consider the role of methylation in the regulation of neural crest cell function as it pertains to orofacial ontogeny. Changes in DNA methylation, as a consequence of environmental effects, have been observed in the regulatory regions of several genes, potentially identifying new candidate genes for orofacial clefting and opening promising new avenues for further research. While the focus of this review is primarily on the nonsyndromic forms of orofacial clefting, syndromic forms are briefly discussed in the context of aberrant nucleic acid methylation.