bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of chloroquine as an anticancer agent
Authors: Panicker Parvathy R , M Sudha , N Venkateswaramurthy , R Sambathkumar 
Published: March 2018

Chloroquine is a prototype antimalarial drug used to prevent and treat malaria, amebiasis and other autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The drug acts as an autophagy inhibitor were autophagy is a self-destructive process which is needed to balance sources of energy at developmental process and in response to nutrient deprivation. New studies have shown the crucial role of chloroquine in cancer treatment and is been extensively used as a monotherapy or adjunct therapy in various types of cancer. This review summarizes the role of chloroquine and its action as an autophagy inhibitor in cancer treatment and also the various safety issues concerning with the same.
Keywords: Adjuanct therap; Autophagy inhibitor; Chloroquine; Monotherapy
A comparative study of monotherapy versus combination therapy in patients with stage-1 hypertension in terms of efficacy and cost effectiveness and to assess the medication adherence
Authors: Mathew Ritu A , Johnson Samuel , Jose Shalumol , Chakraborty Shampa , N Kenneth , Gowda Veeranna 
Published: March 2018

Hypertension has multiple pathogenesis and majority of patients require two or more antihypertensive drugs to provide optimum control of blood pressure. The aim is to compare the effectiveness of mono therapy versus combination therapy in patients with stage-1 hypertension, to assess the medication adherence and to compare the cost incurred per day for the different therapies. Patient’s demographical details and history was recorded in a data entry form. Outcome of the treatment was measured in terms of reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Patient’s medication adherence was assessed using modified Medication Adherence Scale. Economic outcomes were measured in terms of cost of individual therapy. The data was entered into the excel sheet and statistically analysed using ANOVA. Results showed that dual therapy is the most effective in reducing the mean systolic (28.75 mm Hg) and diastolic (8.875) blood pressure with the combination of Amlodipine + Telmisartan being the most effective. Here, 66 patients (33%) were found to be adherent and 134 patients (67%) were found to be non- adherent. It was found that AMLOKIND 2.5, LOSAKIND and ATEN 50 were the most cost effective brands of drug from the classes of calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers and beta blockers respectively. Comparison of effectiveness of various antihypertensive therapies showed that dual therapy shows maximum reduction in mean systolic BP and thus it can be prescribed more often in Stage I hypertensive patients. The poor adherence scores indicate that a multidisciplinary approach with a greater involvement of the patient is required to increase the compliance of the patient. Also cost effective drugs need to be prescribed more in order to decrease the financial burden on the patients.
Keywords: Blood pressure; Monotherapy; Dual therapy; Triple therapy; Medication adherence
Grado de conocimiento sobre la propuesta de sustitución del gas de uso doméstico por energía eléctrica entre los habitantes de Azogues
Authors: Molina Hugo Jhon Genaro , Palomeque Cantos René Patricio , Méndez Vélez Froilán Segundo 
Published: March 2018

El presente estudio tuvo por finalidad identificar el grado de conocimiento de los habitantes de la ciudad de Azogues con respecto a la propuesta de sustitución del gas de uso doméstico por energía eléctrica por parte del Gobierno de Rafael Correa, así como el nivel de aceptación de la población sobre esta nueva política económica. El presente estudio alcanzó un nivel descriptivo, aplicándose una encuesta de preguntas cerradas a una muestra poblacional de 191 hombres y 192 mujeres de la ciudad de Azogues, tanto del sector urbano como del urbano. Se obtiene como resultado que el 98,99% no está de acuerdo con que se elimine el subsidio al gas, concluyéndose que el Gobierno no ha colectivizado adecuadamente la información que permita a la ciudadanía tomar una decisión o asumir una posición frente al cambio. En tal sentido, sería indispensable profundizar los programas de difusión, los cuales, si bien existen, no son suficientes; de ahí la necesidad de implementar el debate popular, el motivar la razón del porqué de este cambio.
An Optimal Value Iteration Algorithm for Parity Games
Authors: Fijalkow Nathanaël 
Published: March 2018

The quest for a polynomial time algorithm for solving parity games gained momentum in 2017 when two different quasipolynomial time algorithms were constructed. In this paper, we further analyse the second algorithm due to Jurdzinski and Lazic and called the succinct progress measure algorithm. It was presented as an improvement over a previous algorithm called the small progress measure algorithm, using a better data structure.The starting point of this paper is the observation that the underlying data structure for both progress measure algorithms are (subgraph-)universal trees. We show that in fact any universal tree gives rise to a value iteration algorithm à la succinct progress measure, and the complexity of the algorithm is proportional to the size of the chosen universal tree. We extract from both algorithms the construction of a universal tree, respectively of exponential size (for small progress measure) and of quasipolynomial size (for succinct progress measure).The technical result of this paper is to show that the latter construction is asymptotically tight: universal trees have at least quasipolynomial size. This suggests that the succinct progress measure algorithm of Jurdzinski and Lazic is in this framework optimal, and that constructing a polynomial time algorithm for parity games is hiding someplace else.
EFEKTIVITAS LIMBAH RAMBUT DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR MINYAK OLI PADA AIR LIMBAH BENGKEL
Authors: Akhmadi Zainal , Suharno Suharno 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Effectiveness Of Hair Waste In Reducing Waste Oil Level In Waste Water Of Service Station. Waste service stations classified as B3 waste because they contain hazardous materials that may damage or pollute the environment or endanger human health. The purpose is to determine the efficient design of wastewater treatment with the combination of hair waste as media capture and coconut shell charcoal as filtration media in reducing total oil in wastewater. This study is quasi-experimental. The independent variables include combinations of hair waste as media capture and coconut shell charcoal as filtration media with a thickness of 40 cm and 80 cm, while the dependent variable is the oil content in the wastewater. The location of research is motor vehicle repair shop Tire MTL jl. Wahid Hasyim, office Surya Pratama numbers 4-5 Pontianak. The content of the oil content of wastewater motor vehicle repair shop before treatment by an average of 26.466 mg / l and 4.283 mg / l of after treatment. From the results of these measurements that effectively amounted to 83.6%. Waste Water Treatment with a combination of hair waste and coconut shell charcoal as an effective filtration media for reduced total oil in wastewater for the motor vehicle repair shop.Abstrak: Efektivitas Limbah Rambut Dalam Menurunkan Kadar Minyak Oli Pada Air Limbah Bengkel. Limbah bengkel digolongkan sebagai limbah B3 karena mengandung bahan berbahaya yang dapat merusak atau mencemari lingkungan atau membahayakan kesehatan manusia. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan desain efektivitas pengolahan air limbah dengan kombinasi limbah rambut capture media dan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai media filtrasi dalam mengurangi minyak total dalam air limbah. Penelitian ini merupakan kuasi-eksperimental. Variabel bebas mencakup kombinasi dari limbah rambut capture media dan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai media filtrasi dengan ketebalan 40 cm dan 80 cm, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah kandungan minyak dalam air limbah. Lokasi penelitian adalah kendaraan bermotor bengkel ban MTL Jl. Wahid Hasyim, Kantor Surya Pratama Nomor 4-5 Pontianak. Isi kandungan minyak dari air limbah kendaraan bermotor bengkel sebelum pengobatan dengan rata-rata 26,466 mg / l dan 4,283 mg / l dari setelah perawatan. Dari hasil pengukuran ini yang efektifitas sebesar 83,6%. Limbah Pengolahan Air dengan kombinasi limbah rambut dan arang tempurung kelapa sebagai media filtrasi efektif total minyak berkurang dalam air limbah untuk kendaraan bermotor bengkel.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SMK MELALUI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN ACTIVE KNOWLEDGE SHARING
Authors: Sopinal Rani 
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa melalui strategi pembelajaran Active Knowledge Sharing di kelas XI Multi Media SMK Negeri 1 Bangkinang Kota. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yaitu guru berperan langsung dalam proses pembelajaran. Subjek dalam penelitian ini Kelas XI Multi Media SMK Negeri 1 Bangkinang Kota yang berjumlah 33 orang dan objek penelitian ini adalah peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa melalui strategi pembelajaran Active Knowledge Sharing Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes berbentuk essay. Tes digunakan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar matematika siswa dalam meningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa melalui strategi pembelajaran Active Knowledge Sharing . Berdasarkan analisis data hasil belajar matematika siswa pada siklus I adalah 21 siswa yang tuntas (63,63%) dan yang belum tuntas 12 siswa (36,37%), sedangkan pada siklus II yang tuntas menjadi 28 siswa (84,84%) dan yang belum tuntas 5 siswa (15,16%) dengan peningkatan nilai Rata-rata kelas siklus I = 72,12 sedangkan pada siklus II nilai rata-rata kelas = 76,06 yang mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan, sehingga berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui strategi pembelajaran Active Knowledge Sharing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas XI Multi Media di SMKNegeri 1 Bangkinang Kota
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY LEARNING MENGGUNAKAN KARTU PEMBELAJARAN KELAS XII IPS 5 SMA NEGERI 2 BANGKINANG KOTA TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Asminah Asminah 
Published: March 2018

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sejarah melalui Model Discovery Learning menggunakan Kartu Pembelajaran Bagi siswa Kelas II IPS 5 SMAN 2 Bangkinang Kota Tahun Pelajaran2015/2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat Bagaimana Pengaruh model pembelajaran Discovery Learning menggunakan kartu pembelajaran terhadap pemaham dan penguasaan ( Action Reseach ) sebanyak 2 puturan setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu : rancangan, kegiatan atau pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan reflesi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII IPS 5 SMA Negeri Bangkinang kotaTahun Pelajaran 2015/2016. Data yang diperoleh berupa data hasil tes tertulis , dan hasil lembaran obser vasi kegiatan belajar mengajar guru dan siswa.Dari hasil analisis di dapatkanlah bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari Siklus I di bandingkan dengan siklus I. Terlihat pada siklus I ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa hanya Mencapai ( 81.48 % ) naik menjadi ( 85.16 % ) pada siklus yang ke II, sehingga ketuntasan klasikal yang diharapkan 85 % pada siklus pertama tidak tercapai namun pada siklus ke II tercapai dengan baik. Begitu juga dengan hasil belajar pada siklus I rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 81.48 naik menjadi 84.81. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah mode l Discovery Learning dengan kartu pembelajaran dapat berpengaruh posistip terhadap hasil beajar siswa XII IPS 5 SMA Negeri Bangkinang Kota tahun pelajaran 2015/2016.
Low Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ42 and Aβ40 are Related to White Matter Lesions in Cognitively Normal Elderly
Authors: Skoog Ingmar , Kern Silke , Zetterberg Henrik , Östling Svante , Börjesson-Hanson Anne , Guo Xinxin , Blennow Kaj 
Published: March 2018

Background: Low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ42 may be the earliest manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Knowledge on how CSF Aβ interacts with different brain pathologies early in the disease process is limited. We examined how CSF Aβ markers relate to brain atrophy and white matter lesions (WMLs) in octogenarians with and without dementia to explore the earliest pathogenetic pathways of AD in the oldest old. Objective: To study CSF amyloid biomarkers in relation to brain atrophy and WMLs in 85-year-olds with and without dementia. Methods: 53 octogenarians took part in neuropsychiatric examinations and underwent both a lumbar puncture and a brain CT scan. CSF levels of Aβ42 and Aβ40 were examined in relation to cerebral atrophy and WMLs. Dementia was diagnosed. Results: In 85-year-olds without dementia, lower levels of both CSF Aβ42 and CSF Aβ40 were associated with WMLs. CSF Aβ42 also correlated with measures of central atrophy, but not with cortical atrophy. In participants with dementia, lower CSF levels of Aβ42 were related to frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical atrophy but not to WMLs. Conclusions: Our findings may suggest that there is an interrelationship between Aβ and subcortical WMLs in older persons without dementia. After onset of dementia, low CSF Aβ42, probably representing amyloid deposition in plaques, is associated with cortical atrophy. WMLs may be an earlier manifestation of Aβ deposition than cortical degeneration.
Potential risk of clonally expanded amnion mesenchymal stem cell transplants in contused spinal cords
Authors: Venkatachalam Sankar , Neelamegan Sridharan , Okuda Tetsuhito , Marcus Akiva , Woodbury Dale , Grumet Martin 
Published: March 2018

Objective: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) promote recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) using adult bone marrow MSC (BM-MSC). Newborn tissues are a convenient source of MSC that does not involve an invasive procedure for cell collection. In this study the authors tested the effects of rat amnion MSC clone (rAM-MSC) in SCI. Methods: We tested intra-parenchymal injection of a GFP+ rat rAM-MSC clone derived from E18.5 rats in rat SCI and measured behavioral recovery (BBB scores), histology and X-ray opacity. Expression of aggrecan was measured in culture after treatment with TGFß. Results: Injection of rAM-MSC after SCI did not improve BBB scores compared to control vehicle injections; rather they reduced scores significantly over 6 weeks. Spinal cords injected with rAM-MSC were hard in regions surrounding the SCI site, which was confirmed by X-ray opacity. Whole mount imaging of these cords showed minimal tissue loss in the SCI site that occurred in SCI controls, and persistence of GFP+ rAM-MSC. Mason’s Trichrome staining of tissue sections showed more intense staining for extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding and extending beyond the SCI site with injections of rAM-MSC but not in controls. In response to TGF-ß treatment in culture, chondrogenic aggrecan was expressed at higher levels in rAM-MSC than in rBM-MSC, suggesting that the upregulation of TGF-ß in SCI sites may promote chondrogenic differentiation. Conclusion: Acute injection after SCI of a clonally expanded rAM-MSC resulted in aberrant differentiation towards a chondrocytic phenotype that disrupts the spinal cord and inhibits behavioral recovery after SCI. It will be critical to ensure that injection of extensively expanded neonatal cells do not differentiate aberrantly in traumatic CNS tissue and disrupt recovery.
Identification of a resilient mouse facial motoneuron population following target disconnection by injury or disease
Authors: Setter Deborah O. , Haulcomb Melissa M. , Beahrs Taylor , Meadows Rena M. , Schartz Nicole D. , Custer Sara K. , Sanders Virginia M. , Jones Kathryn J. 
Published: March 2018

Background: When nerve transection is performed on adult rodents, a substantial population of neurons survives short-term disconnection from target, and the immune system supports this neuronal survival, however long-term survival remains unknown. Understanding the effects of permanent axotomy on cell body survival is important as target disconnection is the first pathological occurrence in fatal motoneuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Objective: The goal of this study was to determine if facial motoneurons (FMN) could survive permanent target disconnection up to 26 weeks post-operation (wpo) after facial nerve axotomy (FNA). In addition, the potentially additive effects of immunodeficiency and motoneuron disease on post-axotomy FMN survival were examined. Methods: This study included three wild type (WT) mouse strains (C57BL/6J, B6SJL, and FVB/NJ) and three experimental models (RAG-2–/–: immunodeficiency; mSOD1: ALS; Smn–/– /SMN2+/+: SMA). All animals received a unilateral FNA, and FMN survival was quantified at early and extended post-operative timepoints. Results: In the C57BL/6J WT group, FMN survival significantly decreased at 10 wpo (55±6%), and then remained stable out to 26 wpo (47±6%). In the RAG-2–/– and mSOD1 groups, FMN death occurred much earlier at 4 wpo, and survival plateaued at approximately 50% at 10 wpo. The SMA model and other WT strains also exhibited approximately 50% FMN survival after FNA. Conclusion: These results indicate that immunodeficiency and motoneuron disease accelerate axotomy-induced neuron death, but do not increase total neuron death in the context of permanent target disconnection. This consistent finding of a target disconnection-resilient motoneuron population is prevalent in other peripheral nerve injury models and in neurodegenerative disease models as well. Characterization of the distinct populations of vulnerable and resilient motoneurons may reveal new therapeutic approaches for injury and disease.
Yoga- and meditation-based lifestyle intervention increases neuroplasticity and reduces severity of major depressive disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tolahunase Madhuri R. , Sagar Rajesh , Faiq Muneeb , Dada Rima 
Published: March 2018

Background: Current interventions for major depressive disorder (MDD) are suboptimal, and only one third respond to them on initial treatment. Neuroplasticity theories are the basis for several emerging treatments. Evidence on the impact of yoga, a well-known mind-body intervention, on neuroplasticity in MDD is limited. Objectives: To determine the effects of 12-week yoga- and meditation-based lifestyle intervention (YMLI) on depression severity and systemic biomarkers of neuroplasticity in adult MDD patients on routine drug treatment. Methods: A total of 58 MDD patients were randomized into yoga or control group. The severity of depression was assessed with Beck Depression Inventory-II scale (BDI-II). Blood samples were collected before and after intervention for the measurement of the biomarkers that characterize neuroplasticity, including mind-body communicative and cellular health biomarkers. Results: There was a significant decrease [difference between means, (95% CI)] in BDI-II score [–5.83 (–7.27, –4.39), p < 0.001] and significant increase in BDNF (ng/ml) [5.48 (3.50, 7.46), p < 0.001] after YMLI compared to control group. YMLI significantly increased DHEAS, sirtuin 1, and telomerase activity levels, and decreased cortisol, and IL-6 levels, in addition to decreasing DNA damage and balancing oxidative stress. Multiple regression analyses were used to associate neuroplasticity biomarkers with depression severity. A ‘post-intervention change in BDNF’ x ‘group’ interaction indicated that yoga group had more BDNF in association with less BDI-II scores relative to controls. Increased sirtuin 1 and telomerase activity and decreased cortisol significantly predicted this association (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that decrease in depression severity after YMLI in MDD is associated with improved systemic biomarkers of neuroplasticity. Thus YMLI can be considered as a therapeutic intervention in MDD management.
The Cosmic Web around the Brightest Galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Ren Keven , Trenti Michele , Mutch Simon J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The most luminous galaxies at high redshift are generally considered to be hosted in massive dark-matter halos of comparable number density, hence residing at the center of over-densities/protoclusters. We assess the validity of this assumption by investigating the clustering around the brightest galaxies populating the cosmic web at redshift z ∼ 8–9 through a combination of semi-analytic modeling and Monte Carlo simulations of mock Hubble Space Telescope WFC3 observations. The innovative aspect of our approach is the inclusion of a log-normal scatter parameter Σ in the galaxy luminosity versus halo mass relation, extending the conditional luminosity function framework extensively used at low redshift to high z. Our analysis shows that the larger the value of Σ, the less likely it is that the brightest source in a given volume is hosted in the most massive halo, and hence the weaker the overdensity of neighbors. We derive a minimum value of Σ as a function of redshift by considering stochasticity in the halo assembly times, which affects galaxy ages and star formation rates in our modeling. We show that Σmin(z) ∼ 0.15–0.3, with Σmin increasing with redshift as a consequence of shorter halo assembly periods at higher redshifts. Current observations (m

AB
∼ 27) of the environment of spectroscopically confirmed bright sources at z > 7.5 do not show strong evidence of clustering and are consistent with our modeling predictions for Σ ≥ Σmin. Deeper future observations reaching m

AB
∼ 28.2–29 would have the opportunity to clearly quantify the clustering strength and hence to constrain Σ, investigating the physical processes that drive star formation in the early universe.
Optical and Gamma-Ray Variability Behaviors of 3C 454.3 from 2006 to 2011
Authors: Fan Xu-Liang , Li Shao-Kun , Liao Neng-Hui , Chen Liang , Liu Hong-Tao , Lu Kai-Xing , Yan Da-Hai , Zhang Rui-Yu , Guo Qian , Wu Qingwen , Bai Jin-Ming 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present our photometric monitoring of a flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 454.3 at Yunnan observatories from 2006 to 2011. We find that the optical color of 3C 454.3 shows an obvious redder-when-brighter trend, which reaches a saturation stage when the source is brighter than 15.15 mag at V band. We perform a simulation with multiple values of disk luminosity and spectral index to reproduce the magnitude–color diagram. The results show that the contamination caused by the disk radiation alone is difficult to produce the observed color variability. The variability properties during the outburst in 2009 December are also compared with γ-ray data derived from the Fermi γ-ray space telescope. The flux variation of these two bands follows a linear relation with

, which provides observational evidence for the external Compton process in 3C 454.3. Meanwhile, this flux correlation indicates that electron injection is the main mechanism for the variability origin. We also explore the variation of the flux ratio F

γ
/F

R
and the detailed structures in the light curves, and discuss some possible origins for the detailed variability behaviors.