bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Imitation of Hand Movements in Clinical and Neurodiverse Populations
Authors: Poliakoff Ellen , Gowen Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Automatic imitation is related to both motor and social-cognitive processes and hence is highly relevant to a range of clinical and neurodiverse populations including neurodegenerative, psychiatric or mental health, and neurodevelopmental conditions. In this chapter, we review investigations of automatic imitation of hand and arm movements in these populations. For many of the conditions reviewed, there are relatively small numbers of studies in the literature and/or existing studies only include relatively small participant numbers. There is, however, some evidence for intact automatic imitation in several conditions (Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, depression, autism). If automatic imitation is unimpaired, motor and behavioral interventions have the potential to capitalize on this. There are, however, reports from one or two studies of increased automatic imitation in schizophrenia and mirror-touch synesthesia and reduced automatic imitation in eating disorders, which warrant further investigation. The evidence in developmental coordination disorder and Tourette’s is more mixed. Moreover, altered top-down modulation of automatic imitation has been found in several studies of autism and in one study of schizophrenia. We discuss some of the methodological issues, such as the importance of the stimuli and instructions used in the tasks, as well as considering other factors such as co-morbidities. There are also challenges in accounting for reaction time differences and a range of analysis approaches, which ought to be constrained by pre-registered analysis plans in future research. Future studies ought to investigate top-down modulation in other conditions since this process is key to successful motor and social function.
Mimicry in Psychological Disorders and Psychotherapy
Authors: Salazar Kämpf Maike , Exner Cornelia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mimicry plays an important role in social interactions. Problems in social interactions are both diagnostic criteria as well as risk factors of psychological disorders. An interesting hypothesis is that mimicry behavior of people with psychological disorders is different compared to people who are not suffering from a psychological disorder, and that this contributes to their problems in social interactions which in turn may worsen symptomatology and may have consequences for the therapeutic process. In this chapter we summarize existing studies on mimicry and akin phenomena in psychotherapy and related contexts (like counseling). As the evidence is sparse, we present four theoretical approaches to mimicry (the theory on perception-action-coupling, the embodiment theory, the social glue approach, and the social regulator theory), from which we derive ideas on how mimicry might affect different psychological disorders and the therapeutic process. Afterwards, we shortly recapitulate the evidence on mimicry in clinical populations. Most studies investigating clinical populations use video or picture stimuli, which might not be transferable to an interactional setting. Therefore, evidence on social mimicry needs to be broadened systematically in interactional psychotherapeutic settings with different clinical samples, as it could be an important source for clinical diagnosis and intervention in psychotherapy. In sum, mimicry seems to be a promising area for psychotherapy research and practice.
Measuring Movement Imitation
Authors: Khemka Divyush , Catmur Caroline 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a range of techniques for measuring imitation of others’ movements. We consider methods that measure imitative activity during passive action observation; kinematic measures of imitation; stimulus-response compatibility measures of automatic imitation and imitation-inhibition; and more naturalistic measures of mimicry and action synchrony. Throughout the chapter, we discuss the strengths and limitations of these approaches and conclude with a summary of considerations to bear in mind when choosing an experimental technique, or reviewing work involving such measures.
The Promise and Pitfalls of Studying the Neurophysiological Correlates of Automatic Imitation
Authors: Darda Kohinoor M. , Ramsey Richard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The automatic copying of other people—automatic imitation—is one of the most widely studied topics in psychology. In this chapter, we review current evidence for the neurophysiological correlates of automatic imitation. To do so, we focus on one heavily used and influential paradigm that manipulates stimulus-response compatibility and is conducive to investigation using neuroscientific methods. We distinguish between two distinct mental processes that occur during imitation: action representation and action selection. Observed actions are perceived and represented and a particular action needs to be selected to be executed. Neuroscientific evidence concerning action representation appears relatively robust and engages a widespread and distributed network of visual and motor regions that span the ventral visual stream, as well as frontoparietal cortex. In contrast, the neurophysiological correlates of action selection during imitation are far from clear. The dominant view in the literature is that this particular task indexes processes relating to the control of automatic imitative tendencies, which rely on a self-other distinction mechanism that is uniquely tied to human social interaction and engages the theory-of-mind network. However, our analysis shows that this claim lacks essential evidence for four forms of validity (construct, internal, external, and statistical-conclusion validities). Instead, given current evidence, the best estimate is that this task engages domain-general forms of control that are underpinned by the multiple-demand network. For claims to be supported regarding socially specific forms of control when using this task, there is a burden of proof on researchers to show robust evidence for each of the four validities that we have outlined. Fortunately, with the emergence of the meta-science movement over the past 10 years, there are more resources than ever to help achieve this aim. More generally, even though we focus on one imitation task to provide a thorough test-case example, given the widespread and well-established lack of validity in psychology in general, we fully expect our analysis to be relevant across the full range of imitation tasks covered in this book, including imitation of speech, gestures, and emotions.
Change of Law: Backgrounds and Limits, Expectations and Realizations
Authors: Varga Csaba 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, law as an object of change is seen in regard to the historically generalizable trinity of (1) the establishment and (2) the enforcement of the law by the state, as well as (3) the exercise of whatever is regarded as ‘law’ in society. Then law and its changes are treated in parallel according to the respective legislative and judicial paths. The essence of law serving as a ‘patterned pattern’ is mediation, which, especially in recent times, the judiciary has constantly tried to weaken. This movement now—when the immense overdevelopment and predominance of formal rationality itself has become irrational—involves the rejection of the radicalism with which the formal rationality of regulatory systems was once fought for. The overview of this will show that the process is ultimately able to destroy the very distinctness of law. As finally concluded, legal change is not an end in itself but a means of maintaining an organic functional relationship between law and its social medium. This relationship is not a mechanical one but a series of further socio-legal mediations expressed through complex interactions. All in all, the road from legal change to the prospect of actual change is long, complicated, and not without risk.
Assessing Constitutional Resilience: The Performance of the 2011 Fundamental Law in Fulfilling Constitutional Functions
Authors: Szente Zoltán 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the resilience of the 2011 Fundamental Law through a functional analysis. For this purpose, it first presents the basic functions of modern constitutions. Among these, it deals with a regulatory function, whereby the constitution contains the main rules for the exercise of public power as well as fundamental rights. However, the paper examines constitutional functions not only in a formal sense, but within the framework of modern European constitutionalism. For this reason, it also defines the requirements for constitutional regulation, such as its stability, coherence, effectiveness, and, above all, the limitation of public power and state intervention. It also identifies the representation of national identity as a further function, i.e. the social integrative function of the constitution. The Fundamental Law is a full-fledged, modern written constitution, but has fallen far short of what was expected of it: it is ‘the most flexible constitution in the world’, which is burdened with many internal contradictions, and many of its provisions have remained only on paper, i.e. have not been put into practice. The authoritarian transition since 2010 and the usurpation of power by the governing parties show that it has been completely unable to limit public power, which is perhaps the most important constitutional requirement of all.
Changes in the Legal Status of ‘Churches’ in Hungary After 2010
Authors: Schweitzer Gábor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBetween 2010 and 2018, there were significant changes in Hungary in the legislation on churches, religious associations and religious communities, in particular with regard to the provisions on the constitutional status, recognition and registration of religious communities. The main consequence was the deprivation of the previously acquired legal status of more than 300 religious communities. It is therefore reasonable to ask: what were the reasons and circumstances that justified and triggered such a profound and intense transformation? What social challenges did the law have to face that led to such serious consequences? In reviewing the changes in the legislative environment since 2010 in Hungary, the following aspects will be examined in this chapter: (1) the cause(s) of the change in the legislative environment; (2) the purpose(s) of the change in the legislative environment; (3) the result(s) of the change in the legislative environment; (4) the consequence(s) of the change in the legislative environment.
Exploration and Reflection on the Construction of a Green Human Resource Management System in Public Hospitals in the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Tian Yike 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor most domestic public hospitals at this stage, issues such as insufficient humanistic care, inadequate talent support policies, limited promotion paths for personnel, and inadequate assessment mechanisms are common problems that hinder talent development. To maximize the encouragement of talent innovation, it is necessary to establish and improve a training system that meets the needs of the times and the individuals themselves. This paper, from the perspective of green human resource management, delves into the effectiveness of strengthening talent team construction and establishing a green human resource management system in public hospitals in the post-epidemic era. Incorporating the developmental status of a tertiary hospital in Hubei Province, this paper ultimately summarizes the feasibility and significance of such a system.
On semibiproducts of magmas and semigroups
Authors: Martins-Ferreira Nelson 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA generalization to the categorical notion of biproduct, called semibiproduct, which in the case of groups covers classical semidirect products, has recently been analysed in the category of monoids with surprising results in the classification of weakly Schreier extensions. The purpose of this paper is to extend the study of semibiproducts to the category of semigroups. However, it is observed that a further analysis into the category of magmas is required in attaining a full comprehension on the subject. Indeed, although there is a subclass of magma-actions, that we call representable, which classifies all semibiproducts of magmas whose behaviour is similar to semigroups, it is nevertheless more general than the subclass of associative magma-actions.
Patient centered HCC surveillance - complementary roles of ultrasound and CT/MRI
Authors: Heald Jason , Fetzer David T. , Rodgers Shuchi , Jain Vaibhav , Fung Alice , Liu Xiaoyang , Wilson Stephanie , Kamaya Aya , Marks Robert M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is the fastest growing cause of cancer death in the United States (U.S.) In the U.S., current national clinical practice guidelines from the 2023 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) Practice Guidance and the recently updated Liver Imaging Reporting & Data Systems (LI-RADS) Ultrasound (US) Surveillance v2024 core recommend semi-annual serum α-fetoprotein and US screening of patients deemed to be high risk for developing HCC. In this article, we will explore the transition to a patient-centered approach to HCC surveillance, including the role of the new LI-RADS US Surveillance v2024 core and the use of visualization score for determining ultrasound quality, the known risk factors for poor US image quality, and the potential options for alternative surveillance strategies when US may not be a viable option for certain patients, including multiphasic computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and several abbreviated MRI protocols.
Escaping Arrow’s theorem: the Advantage-Standard model
Authors: Holliday Wesley H. , Kelley Mikayla 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is an extensive literature in social choice theory studying the consequences of weakening the assumptions of Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem. Much of this literature suggests that there is no escape from Arrow-style impossibility theorems, while remaining in an ordinal preference setting, unless one drastically violates the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives (IIA). In this paper, we present a more positive outlook. We propose a model of comparing candidates in elections, which we call the Advantage-Standard (AS) model. The requirement that a collective choice rule (CCR) be representable by the AS model captures a key insight of IIA but is weaker than IIA; yet it is stronger than what is known in the literature as weak IIA (two profiles alike on x, y cannot have opposite strict social preferences on x and y). In addition to motivating violations of IIA, the AS model makes intelligible violations of another Arrovian assumption: the negative transitivity of the strict social preference relation P. While previous literature shows that only weakening IIA to weak IIA or only weakening negative transitivity of P to acyclicity still leads to impossibility theorems, we show that jointly weakening IIA to AS representability and weakening negative transitivity of P leads to no such impossibility theorems. Indeed, we show that several appealing CCRs are AS representable, including even transitive CCRs.
PaedVacCOVID - safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 in children with and without comorbidities aged 5 to 11 years
Authors: Holzwarth Sarah , Saadat Kimiya , Jorczyk Maximilian , Dreßen Svenja , Kotsias-Konopelska Sarah , Schlegtendal Anne , Maier Christoph , Schmitt Jochen , Paul Kevin , Pagel Julia , Muntau Ania C. , Berner Reinhard , Brinkmann Folke , Toepfner Nicole 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Little is known about specific safety aspects in children with significant comorbidities receiving the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, as approval studies did not address this population. This study’s purpose is to evaluate safety and adverse events in these children compared to healthy children.

Methods
In this prospective, multicentre, industry-independent cohort study, caregivers whose children received BNT162b2 were asked to participate in an online questionnaire. Potential side effects were evaluated in ten organ related categories. Frequency of symptoms was compared in both cohorts by bivariate analysis.

Results
From a total of 1,294 responses to the questionnaire, 793 data sets were included into the analysis (179 children with comorbidities and 614 healthy children). Responses were given at a median of 17 days after vaccination. Overall, safety of BNT162b2 was high in both cohorts. Psychological (OR: 3.56, [95% CI: 1.461 to 8.629]), pulmonary (OR: 7.14, [95% CI: 2.039 to 21.48]), gastrointestinal (OR: 2.35, [95% CI: 1.231 to 4.665]), neurological (OR: 1.74, [95% CI: 1.078 to 2.796]) and dermatological (OR: 2.28, [95% CI: 1.220 to 4.172]) side effects were increased in children with comorbidities over healthy controls.

Conclusion
The higher rate of reported post-vaccination symptoms could either be due to a higher susceptibility for symptomatic effects following immune stimulation, or due to a trained awareness to health-related symptoms. The data emphasizes the importance to evaluate safety of the new mRNA COVID-19 vaccines not only in healthy children but also in children with comorbidities. To perform such evaluation should be made mandatory for pharmaceutical enterprises.
Real-life data of hepatitis C treatment with direct acting antiviral therapy in persons injecting drugs or on opioid substitution therapy
Authors: M. Pfaeffle , S. Duenkelmann , C Boesecke , J.K. Rockstroh , C. Schwarze-Zander 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
HCV treatment has been revolutionized by introduction of direct-acting antiviral therapy (DAA). Short treatment duration of eight to twelve weeks combined with significantly improved tolerability opened the opportunity to reach out to difficult-to-treat populations. Here, we retrospectively analyzed real life data on HCV treatment adherence and outcome in people who inject drugs (PWID) or on opioid substitution therapy (OST).

Methods
All PWID or on OST receiving DAA therapy between 3/2021–11/2022 at an infectious disease clinic in Bonn were retrospectively analyzed. Patients received either 8 weeks glecaprevir/pibrentasvir or 12 weeks sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (+ ribavirin in genotype 3 cirrhotic patients). Sustained virological response (SVR) was measured 4 and 12 weeks after HCV therapy.

Results
In our cohort 47 patients (68%) received treatment with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and 22 patients (32%) sofosbuvir/velpatasvir. All 47 (100%) patients started on glecaprevir/pibrentasvir received prescriptions for the full length of therapy, while patients on sofosbuvir/velpatasvir completed 12 weeks therapy in 86% and 8 weeks in 14% (p = 0.029).
Of 69 patients 74% were found to achieve SVR. In 20% no information is available as they were lost to follow-up. Re-infection was documented in 3 patients and one relapse in a gt3 patient with cirrhosis.

Conclusion
High adherence and response rates to HCV treatment were found following DAA based therapy in PWID supporting the call to include difficult-to-treat populations into HCV treatment efforts on the way to HCV elimination. Treatment of OST and HCV at one institution supporting patients by a multidisciplinary team may further facilitate adherence to follow up visits enabling documentation of treatment outcomes more easily.
Optimizing sustainable bio-fuel supply chain: a multi-objective model utilizing micro-algae resources
Authors: Sharma Narayan , Chauhan Anand , Singh Anubhav Pratap , Arora Ritu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs energy demands continue to rise and concerns about the impact on the environment of fossil fuels, renewable energy sources have emerged as viable alternatives. Bio-fuels can replace non-renewable energy sources. Micro and macro-algae, animal fat, leftover cooking oil and vegetable oil can be utilised to make bio-diesel. Micro-algae is readily available and affordable, making it a viable alternative to these sources. A bio-diesel supply chain that supports large-scale production must be developed quickly. A multi-objective framework is used to construct a sustainable micro-algal bio-diesel supply chain. Bio-diesel supply chain economic objective and environmental impact is minimized in the proposed approach. Bio-diesel is advertised as a fossil fuel replacement. Bio-refineries, bio-diesel depositories, multi-harvesting centres and supply sites for micro-algae (Chlorella, chlamydomonas and Scenedesmus) are considered. The suggested multi-objective model is optimized by implementing the $$Genetic-Algorithm$$

G
e
n
e
t
i
c
-
A
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m

. The framework and solution technique are validated using numerical illustrations. Findings indicate that bio-diesel production facility starting expenses comprise 59% of overall costs, showing high installation costs in the supply chain. Additionally, their environmental impact accounts for 67% of total environmental installation impact. A sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the feasibility of this study. The suggested paradigm could potentially be beneficial for traders and governing bodies with an interest in bio-fuel industry.
Metabolic regulation of 5-oxoproline for enhanced heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Lei Shuhan , Rossi Stephanie , Yang Zhimin , Yu Jingjin , Huang Bingru 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPyroglutamic acid [(5-oxoproline (5-oxp)], a non-protein amino acid, can be converted to glutamate to regulate amino acid metabolism in plants. Its roles in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses, including heat stress, are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine whether exogenous application of 5-oxp could promote heat tolerance in cool-season perennial grass species and identify the major metabolic pathways that could be activated or responsive to 5-oxp for enhancing heat tolerance. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants were foliar-sprayed with 5-oxp or water (untreated control) prior to and during the exposure to heat stress (35/33 ℃, day/night temperature) or ambient temperature (25/22 ℃, day/night temperature, non-stress control) in controlled-environment growth chambers. Application of 5-oxp improved the heat tolerance of perennial ryegrass, as manifested by the chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, cell membrane stability, and antioxidant enzyme activities increasing by 31.2%, 25.7%, 37.2%, and 57.1-258.3%, as well as the reduction in hydrogen peroxide production by 36.8%. Metabolic profiling identified metabolites up-regulated by 5-oxp that are involved in the metabolic pathways of carbon assimilation in photosynthesis, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle of respiration, proteinogenic amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism for DNA or RNA synthesis and ATP generation. The up-regulation or activation of those metabolic processes could contribute to 5-oxp-mediated enhancement in the heat tolerance of perennial ryegrass.