bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Priming in Production: Evidence for a Hybrid Model of Syntactic Priming
Authors: Jacobs Cassandra L. , Cho Sun‐Joo , Watson Duane G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSyntactic priming in language production is the increased likelihood of using a recently encountered syntactic structure. In this paper, we examine two theories of why speakers can be primed: error‐driven learning accounts (Bock, Dell, Chang, & Onishi, 2007; Chang, Dell, & Bock, 2006) and activation‐based accounts (Pickering & Branigan, 1999; Reitter, Keller, & Moore, 2011). Both theories predict that speakers should be primed by the syntactic choices of others, but only activation‐based accounts predict that speakers should be able to prime themselves. Here we test whether speakers can be primed by their own productions in three behavioral experiments and find evidence of structural persistence following both comprehension and speakers’ own productions. We also find that comprehension‐based priming effects are larger for rarer syntactic structures than for more common ones, which is most consistent with error‐driven accounts. Because neither error‐driven accounts nor activation‐based accounts fully explain the data, we propose a hybrid model.
High‐Stakes Decision‐Making Within Complex Social Environments: A Computational Model of Belief Systems in the Arab Spring
Authors: Dornschneider Stephanie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeople experiencing similar conditions may make different decisions, and their belief systems provide insight about these differences. An example of high‐stakes decision‐making within a complex social context is the Arab Spring, in which large numbers of people decided to protest and even larger numbers decided to stay at home. This study uses qualitative analyses of interview narratives and social media addressing individual decisions to develop a computational model tracing the cognitive decision‐making process. The model builds on work by Abelson and Carroll (1965), Schank and Abelson (1977), and Axelrod (1976) to systematically trace the inferences connecting beliefs to decisions. The findings show that protest decisions were often based on positive emotions such as pride, hope, courage, and solidarity, triggered by beliefs about successful protest and self‐sacrifice. By contrast, decisions to stay at home were triggered by beliefs about safety, state approval, and living conditions. As one participant said, “When I heard about the revolution in Tunisia, my heart was filled with solidarity for the people.” In the words of a non‐participant: “When people are killed, we must be careful. There are more important things than protest: safety and stability.” This study of individual explanations about events identifies the role of emotions in high‐stakes decision‐making within complex social environments.
Human‐driven habitat conversion is a more immediate threat to Amboseli elephants than climate change
Authors: Boult Victoria L. , Fishlock Vicki , Quaife Tristan , Hawkins Ed , Moss Cynthia , Lee Phyllis C. , Sibly Richard M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlobal ecosystem change presents a major challenge to biodiversity conservation, which must identify and prioritize the most critical threats to species persistence given limited available funding. Mechanistic models enable robust predictions under future conditions and can consider multiple stressors in combination. Here we use an individual‐based model (IBM) to predict elephant population size in Amboseli, southern Kenya, under environmental scenarios incorporating climate change and anthropogenic habitat loss. The IBM uses projected food availability as a key driver of elephant population dynamics and relates variation in food availability to changes in vital demographic rates through an energy budget. Habitat loss, rather than climate change, represents the most significant threat to the persistence of the Amboseli elephant population in the 21st century and highlights the importance of collaborations and agreements that preserve space for Amboseli elephants to ensure the population remains resilient to environmental stochasticity.
Autism spectrum disorder in children with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Bethin K. E. , Kanapka L. G. , Laffel L. M. , Majidi S. , Chaytor N. S. , MacLeish S. , Adams R. , Foster N. C. ,   the T1D Exchange Clinic Network
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimLinks between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autoimmune diseases, including Type 1 diabetes have been proposed. This study assessed the frequency of ASD in children with Type 1 diabetes in the T1D Exchange (T1DX) registry and the impact of ASD on characteristics of children with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsAnalysis included 10 032 participants aged < 18 years (median Type 1 diabetes duration 6.5 years, 48% female, 77% non‐Hispanic White). Diagnosis of ASD was defined as autism, Asperger's or pervasive developmental disorder.ResultsA diagnosis of ASD was recorded for 159 (1.58%) participants. Those with ASD were predominantly male (88% vs. 51% of those without ASD, P < 0.001) and slightly older (median 14 vs. 13 years, P = 0.022). Occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis at Type 1 diabetes diagnosis was similar (35% vs. 41%, P = 0.161). Pump use was lower in those with ASD (51% vs. 63%, P = 0.005) but continuous glucose monitor use was similar (24% vs. 27%, P = 0.351). Median HbA1c was slightly lower in those with ASD [68 vs. 69 mmol/mol (8.4% vs. 8.5%), P = 0.006]. This difference was more pronounced after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionsThe frequency of ASD in the T1DX registry was similar to that in the general population. These data show that despite deficits in communication, occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis was similar in youth with and without ASD. Pump use was less frequent in those with ASD, possibly due to sensory issues, although CGM use did not differ. The lower HbA1c may be due to a more regimented routine with ASD. Because comorbidities such as ASD complicate care of patients with Type 1 diabetes, further research is needed to support these children.
Snowmelt and early to mid‐growing season water availability augment tree growth during rapid warming in southern Asian boreal forests
Authors: Zhang Xianliang , Manzanedo Rubén D. , D'Orangeville Loïc , Rademacher Tim T. , Li Junxia , Bai Xueping , Hou Meiting , Chen Zhenju , Zou Fenghua , Song Fangbo , Pederson Neil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBoreal forests are facing profound changes in their growth environment, including warming‐induced water deficits, extended growing seasons, accelerated snowmelt, and permafrost thaw. The influence of warming on trees varies regionally, but in most boreal forests studied to date, tree growth has been found to be negatively affected by increasing temperatures. Here, we used a network of Pinus sylvestris tree‐ring collections spanning a wide climate gradient the southern end of the boreal forest in Asia to assess their response to climate change for the period 1958–2014. Contrary to findings in other boreal regions, we found that previously negative effects of temperature on tree growth turned positive in the northern portion of the study network after the onset of rapid warming. Trees in the drier portion did not show this reversal in their climatic response during the period of rapid warming. Abundant water availability during the growing season, particularly in the early to mid‐growing season (May–July), is key to the reversal of tree sensitivity to climate. Advancement in the onset of growth appears to allow trees to take advantage of snowmelt water, such that tree growth increases with increasing temperatures during the rapidly warming period. The region's monsoonal climate delivers limited precipitation during the early growing season, and thus snowmelt likely covers the water deficit so trees are less stressed from the onset of earlier growth. Our results indicate that the growth response of P. sylvestris to increasing temperatures strongly related to increased early season water availability. Hence, boreal forests with sufficient water available during crucial parts of the growing season might be more able to withstand or even increase growth during periods of rising temperatures. We suspect that other regions of the boreal forest may be affected by similar dynamics.
The interaction of phylogeny and community structure: Linking the community composition and trait evolution of clades
Authors: Pearse William D. , Legendre Pierre , Peres‐Neto Pedro R. , Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimCommunity phylogenetic studies use information about the evolutionary relationships of species to understand the ecological processes of community assembly. A central premise of the field is that the evolution of species maps onto ecological patterns, and phylogeny reveals something more than species traits alone about the ecological mechanisms structuring communities, such as environmental filtering, competition, and facilitation. We argue, therefore, that there is a need for better understanding and modelling of the interaction of phylogeny with species traits and community composition.InnovationWe outline a new approach that identifies clades that are ecophylogenetically clustered or overdispersed and assesses whether those clades have different rates of trait evolution. Ecophylogenetic theory would predict that the traits of clustered or overdispersed clades might have evolved differently, in terms of either tempo (fast or slow) or mode (e.g., under constraint or neutrally). We suggest that modelling the evolution of independent trait data in these clades represents a strong test of whether there is an association between the ecological co‐occurrence patterns of a species and its evolutionary history.Main conclusionsUsing an empirical dataset of mammals from around the world, we identify two clades of rodents whose species tend not to co‐occur in the same local assemblages (are phylogenetically overdispersed) and find independent evidence of slower rates of body mass evolution in these clades. Our approach, which assumes nothing about the mode of species trait evolution but instead seeks to explain it using ecological information, presents a new way to examine ecophylogenetic structure.
Changes in host ant communities of Alcon Blue butterflies in abandoned mountain hay meadows
Authors: Tartally András , Nash David R. , Varga Zoltán , Lengyel Szabolcs 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Land use intensification is a general threat to biodiversity, but many species depend on low‐intensity agricultural ecosystems. One example is European mountain meadow ecosystems, traditionally managed by hay harvesting or livestock grazing. Abandoning management often causes population declines, local extinctions and biotic homogenisation in these meadows.
We studied changes in the Myrmica host ant communities of the xerophilic form of the ant‐parasitic Alcon Blue butterfly (Maculinea alcon) in four hay meadows in the Bükk mountains of Hungary between 2000–2007 and 2018. Abandonment started in this region in the 1970s, accelerated in the 1980s, and culminated in the 1990s.
We found that the Myrmica ant community has changed substantially in less than two decades. Diversity of the ant community always decreased, and species composition became more homogeneous at two sites. Habitat suitability for Maculinea butterflies decreased at three sites and increased at only one site, where management was restarted 20 years after abandonment.
The number of M. alcon caterpillars and pupae, the rate of infestation of ant nests and the mean number of caterpillars and pupae per ant nest decreased between the two periods, whereas host ant specificity did not differ from random in either period.
We conclude that the unfavourable changes in the host ant community due to abandonment have negative consequences for the persistence of Maculinea populations. Our study highlights the need for detailed monitoring, and the maintenance of low‐intensity management by mowing or grazing to avoid the decline of biodiversity dependent on low‐intensity agriculture.
Subcutaneous emphysema in patients undergoing root canal treatment: a systematic review of the factors affecting its development and management
Authors: Fasoulas A. , Boutsioukis C. , Lambrianidis T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous emphysema is an infrequent mishap during root canal treatment which, in rare cases, can lead to severe complications.AimTo systematically review the literature on the factors affecting the development of subcutaneous emphysema during root canal treatment, and on its management.Data sourcesAn electronic search was conducted in EMBASE (1947–2018), LILACS (1982–2018), PubMed (1950–2018), SciELO (1997–2018), Scopus (1970–2018), Web of Science (1900–2018) and two grey literature databases. Moreover, all issues of nine journals and four endodontic textbooks were hand‐searched.Study eligibility criteria, participants, interventionsThe retrieved studies were screened by two reviewers to select clinical studies, case reports or case series describing subcutaneous emphysema that developed during or immediately after root canal treatment in adult patients.Study appraisal and synthesis methodsIncluded studies were critically appraised according to a custom list of quality requirements. The extracted data were arranged in tables, and combined through a narrative synthesis.ResultsThe search retrieved 99 unique articles. Thirty six case reports and 15 case series describing a total of 65 cases of subcutaneous emphysema were included in this review. The methodological quality was medium. Reported cases of emphysema more often involved females and maxillary teeth. Drying of the root canal system with air under pressure, inadvertent extrusion of hydrogen peroxide through the apical foramen, the air‐water spray produced by handpieces or laser devices, and the use of ozone gas were the most commonly suspected causes. Its management involved prescription of antibiotics and NSAIDs/analgesics, local application of ice packs or compresses and hospitalization. The signs and symptoms resolved completely within 1‐17 days.LimitationsCase reports and case series are a low level of evidence.Conclusions and implications of key findingsSubcutaneous emphysema can develop during both nonsurgical and surgical root canal treatment. Pressurized air streams or air‐water sprays should not be directed towards the root canals or areas with mucosal discontinuity. None of the management approaches were clearly related to expedited recovery. Guidelines should be developed in order to avoid unnecessary or potentially harmful interventions.
Oat hydration kinetics at different temperatures: Evaluation, model, and validation
Authors: Oladele Samouel O. , Agbetoye Leo A. S. , Osundahunsi Oluwatooyin F. , Augusto Pedro E. D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe hydration characterization of food materials is necessary for effective and efficient evaluation, design, and optimization of processes, thus ensuring high quality products. This work evaluated the hydration kinetics and modeled the behavior of oat (Avena sativa) grains as a function of temperature (25–55°C). The behavior of the grains during hydration showed a downward concave shape, with a high initial water absorption rate. Although Peleg's model could describe the data adequately, it showed some inability in specific parts of the hydration process. Therefore, the Miano–Ibarz–Augusto's model was also evaluated, with better description. Possible mechanisms were discussed. The parameters of both models were evaluated as functions of temperature. The obtained generalized models were then validated at both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. The obtained results are potentially useful for future studies on product development, food properties, and process design.Practical ApplicationsHydration process of grains is a crucial process utilized in the industries before several other procedures such as germination, cooking, components extraction, and fermentation. Oat grains have gained much attention from the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, its hydration behavior has not yet been described. This work presents for the first time the isothermal and nonisothermal hydration kinetics of oat. The results were discussed in relation to possible mechanisms, presenting two models to suit well both academic and industrial description. Consequently, the results provide an in‐depth knowledge to the process, aiding the industries and the academics interested in increasing the efficiency of grain processing and optimization.
Real‐time loop‐mediated isothermal amplification assays combined with ethidium monoazide bromide and bentonite coated activated carbon for rapid and sensitive detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 from milk without enrichment
Authors: Zhang Tian T. , Zhong Chan , Shu Mei , Wu Xin , Chen Hu , Lin Li P. , Wu Guo P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA real‐time loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (Rti‐LAMP) DNA assay was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk by combining with ethidium monoazide bromide (EMA) and bentonite coated activated carbon (BCAC) treatment without enrichment. The assay involved inoculating 25 mL portions of milk with various numbers of E. coli O157:H7. Then each of milk sample was adsorbed with 4 g BCAC to remove DNA amplification inhibitor. The recovered purified bacteria sample was further treated with EMA for discrimination viable from dead cells in Rti‐LAMP assay. The detection limit of viable E. coli O157:H7 was 10 CFU/mL in milk by the BCAC‐EMA‐Rti‐LAMP, and the entire assay could be completed in 5 hr. Twenty‐five raw milk samples were detected by the BCAC‐EMA‐Rti‐LAMP assay, using three methods as controls including E. coli O157:H7 plate culture, BCAC‐Rti‐LAMP, and Rti‐LAMP combined with enrichment at 37°C (E‐Rti‐LAMP). The results showed that the BCAC‐EMA‐Rti‐LAMP had similar accuracy and sensitivity as that of plate culture, as they both detected one sample of viable E. coli O157:H7 positive from 25 fresh raw milk samples. These data strongly suggested that the BCAC‐EMA‐Rti‐LAMP could rapidly and sensitively detect viable E. coli O157:H7 in milk without enrichment.Practical Applications
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the foodborne pathogens in milk, which has low dose of infection and high pathogenicity. In milk, components such as Ca2+, proteinase, fats, and milk proteins may block DNA and shield it from access by polymerase. This study was targeting VT2 and Z3276 genes for rapid and sensitive detection of viable E. coli O157:H7 in milk. BCAC was used to remove DNA amplification inhibitor and improve the detection sensitivity. EMA was used to discriminate viable from dead cells. The assay will be a potential tool in the rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity for detection of E. coli O157:H7 in milk without enrichment.
Antibacterial activity of a hexahydro‐β‐acids/methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex against bacteria related to foodborne illness
Authors: Zhao Jiuyang , Zhao Guanyu , Liu Yumei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of hexahydro‐β‐acids/methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin inclusion complex (HBA/M‐β‐CD) and researched its antibacterial mechanism against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter sakazakii. The result showed that bacteria had different sensitivities to HBA/M‐β‐CD with diameters of inhibition zones ranging from 7.8 ± 0.5 to 14.8 ± 0.7 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values from 16.25 to 65.00 μg/mL. Among these bacteria, S. aureus (G(+)) and E. sakazakii (G(−)) were most sensitive to HBA/M‐β‐CD, and MIC value is 16.25 and 32.50 μg/mL, respectively. Also, HBA/M‐β‐CD had potential inhibition effect on the bacterial growth of S. aureus and E. sakazakii. Moreover, the treatment with HBA/M‐β‐CD led to a release of cell contents into the culture medium, indicating damage to the plasma membrane. Scanning electron microscopy revealed permeabilization of S. aureus membranes, and shrinkage and roughening of E. sakazakii cells. HBA/M‐β‐CD also reduced the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in bacterial cultures, indicating that HBA/M‐β‐CD interfere key enzyme metabolism.Practical ApplicationsIn the actual food system of western‐style ham sausage, HBA/M‐β‐CD revealed a great antibacterial effect to control the total bacteria count, and could stabilize the pH value. The result provided the theoretical and practical basis for the application of HBA/M‐β‐CD in foods.
Feasibility of Delivering a Tailored Intervention for Advance Care Planning in Primary Care Practice
Authors: Paiva Andrea , Redding Colleen A. , Iannone Lynne , Zenoni Maria , O'Leary John R. , Fried Terri R. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo determine the feasibility of conducting a cluster randomized controlled trial providing individualized feedback reports to increase advance care planning (ACP) engagement in the primary care setting.DESIGNPilot cluster randomized controlled trial.SETTINGTwo primary care practices selected for geographic colocation.PARTICIPANTSAdults aged 55 years and older.INTERVENTIONBrief assessment of readiness to engage in (stage of change for) three ACP behaviors (healthcare agent assignment, communication with agent about quality vs quantity of life, and living will completion) generating an individualized feedback report, plus a stage‐matched brochure.MEASURESPatient recruitment and retention, intervention delivery, baseline characteristics, and stage of change movement.RESULTSRecruitment rates differed by practice. Several baseline sociodemographic characteristics differed between the 38 intervention and 41 control participants, including employment status, education, and communication with healthcare agent. Feedback was successfully delivered to all intervention participants, and over 90% of participants completed a 2‐month follow‐up. More intervention participants demonstrated progression in readiness than did control participants, without testing for statistical significance.CONCLUSIONSThis pilot demonstrates opportunities and challenges of performing a clustered randomized controlled trial in primary care practices. Differences in the two practice populations highlight the challenges of matching sites. There was a signal for behavior change in the intervention group. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1917–1921, 2019
The Chinese National Twin Registry: a ‘gold mine’ for scientific research
Authors: Gao W. , Cao W. , Lv J. , Yu C. , Wu T. , Wang S. , Meng L. , Wang D. , Wang Z. , Pang Z. , Yu M. , Wang H. , Wu X. , Dong Z. , Wu F. , Jiang G. , Wang X. , Liu Y. , Deng J. , Lu L. , Li L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) currently includes data from 61 566 twin pair from 11 provinces or cities in China. Of these, 31 705, 15 060 and 13 531 pairs are monozygotic, same‐sex dizygotic and opposite‐sex dizygotic pairs, respectively, determined by opposite sex or intrapair similarity. Since its establishment in 2001, the CNTR has provided an important resource for analysing genetic and environmental influences on chronic diseases especially cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the CNTR has focused on collecting biologic specimens from disease‐concordant or disease‐discordant twin pairs or from twin pairs reared apart. More than 8000 pairs of these twins have been registered, and blood samples have been collected from more than 1500 pairs. In this review, we summarize the main findings from univariate and multivariate genetic effects analyses, gene–environment interaction studies, omics studies exploring DNA methylation and metabolomic markers associated with phenotypes. There remains further scope for CNTR research and data mining. The plan for future development of the CNTR is described. The CNTR welcomes worldwide collaboration.