bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive management and declines in soil nutrients lead to serious exotic plant invasion inEucalyptusplantations under successive short‐rotation regimes
Authors: Zhou Xiaoguo , Zhu Hongguang , Wen Yuanguang , Goodale Uromi Manage , Zhu Yulin , Yu Sufang , Li Chaoting , Li Xiaoqiong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ongoing expansion ofEucalyptusplantations is changing the development of the world's forests. But, it also threatens ecological security regionally and worldwide. The expansion effect on biodiversity and soil nutrients is a universal problem, which has always been heatedly debated. In order to evaluate the long‐term influence of intensive management ofEucalyptusplantations under successive short‐rotation regime on understory plant diversity, soil nutrients andEucalyptustree growth, we chose a chronosequence representing the first to the sixth rotation ofEucalyptusplantations arrayed in the majorEucalyptusplantation areas in southern China and analyzed plant diversity indices, composition of plant functional groups (PFGs), soil nutrient concentrations andEucalyptustree growth at the stand level. Our results reveal that intensive management exerts a long‐lasting negative effect on understory plant species diversity, soil nutrients andEucalyptustree growth over successive rotations. Changes in soil nutrient content related with C and P cycling and declines in soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus were related with understory PFGs degradation. Furthermore, the combination of declines in understory woody plants, grasses and soil N and P cycling indices led to serious exotic plant invasion in the understory. Our study suggests that serious alien plant invasions could threaten the biosecurity, soil and timber security inEucalyptusplantations. We suggest that reducing management intensity, converting mono‐culturedEucalyptusplantations into mixed plantations with indigenous tree species, and changing from successive short‐rotation to short‐, medium‐ and long‐term cyclic rotations are required to sustainably manage these plantations through improving plant diversity, restoring degraded soils and resisting plant invasions.
Metformin treatment in young children with fragile X syndrome
Authors: Biag Hazel Maridith B. , Potter Laura A. , Wilkins Victoria , Afzal Sumra , Rosvall Alexis , Salcedo‐Arellano Maria Jimena , Rajaratnam Akash , Manzano‐Nunez Ramiro , Schneider Andrea , Tassone Flora , Rivera Susan M. , Hagerman Randi J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetformin is a drug commonly used in individuals with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance. It has a strong safety profile in both children and adults. Studies utilizing the Drosophila model and knock out mouse model of fragile X syndrome (FXS) have found metformin to rescue memory, social novelty deficits, and neuroanatomical abnormalities. These studies provided preliminary evidence that metformin could be used as a targeted treatment for the cognitive and behavioral problems associated with FXS. Previously, a case series of children and adults with FXS treated with metformin demonstrated improvements in irritability, social responsiveness, language, and hyperactivity.MethodsHere, we present nine children with FXS between 2 and 7 years of age who were treated clinically with metformin and monitored for behavioral and metabolic changes.ResultsParent reports and developmental testing before and after metformin are presented. There were improvements in language development and behavior (such as lethargy and stereotypy) in most of the patients.ConclusionThese results support the need for a controlled trial of metformin in children with FXS under 7 years old whose brains are in a critical developmental window and thus may experience a greater degree of clinical benefit from metformin.
Comparisons of fascio‐cutaneous anterolateral thigh and sandwich fascial ALT free flap in the distal extremity reconstruction
Authors: Cherubino Mario , Stocco Chiara , Ronga Mario , Tamborini Federico , Maggiulli Francesca , Di Giovanna Danilo , Campisi Corrado , Di Summa Pietro , Valdatta Luigi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is considered a workhorse reconstructive option; however, it is encumbered by its bulkiness that can result in poor final outcome and need for revision surgery. The aim of the present study was to compare the standard cutaneous ALT free flap and sandwich fascial ALT (SALT) free flap, raised harvesting between the Scarpa's fascia and the crural fascia, for distal extremity soft tissue reconstruction, including pre‐ intra‐ and post‐operative considerations and outcomes.Patients and methodsA retrospective review of medical records from 2013 to 2018 of 24 patients who underwent distal extremity reconstruction with standard fascio‐cutaneous ALT flap (13 patients) and SALT flap (11 patients) was performed. The mean defect dimensions were 12 × 6.5 cm in group 1 and 12 × 6 in group 2. Surgical outcomes and quality of life were assessed (through the upper extremity functional scale and the lower extremity functional scale questionnaires.ResultsThe mean flap dimensions were 13.1 × 7.1 in group 1 and 14.1 × 7.8 in group 2, the overall flap success rate was 100% (one microvascular venous thrombosis occurred in group 1), no statistically significant difference was recorded regarding microvascular thrombosis (one patient in group p = .369) and infections (one patient in group 1, p = .36) while a statistically significant difference was presence regarding the number of secondary/debulking procedures (6 patients vs. 0) (p = .0076) and the quality of life perception showed an overall better perception in group 2 with statistical significant difference (p = .03).ConclusionThe SALT flap represents a valid option, as showed through our preliminary data, when a thin and robust reconstruction is required when dealing with distal extremities soft tissue reconstruction.
Dynamic focal plane estimation for dental panoramic radiography
Authors: Kim Seungeon , Ra Jong Beom 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe digital panoramic radiography is widely used in dental clinics and provides the anatomical information of the intraoral structure along the predefined arc‐shaped path. Since the intraoral structure varies depending on the patient, however, it is nearly impossible to design a common and static focal path or plane fitted to the dentition of all patients. In response, we introduce an imaging algorithm for digital panoramic radiography that can provide a focused panoramic radiographic image for all patients, by automatically estimating the best focal plane for each patient.MethodsThe aim of this study is to improve the image quality of dental panoramic radiography based on a three‐dimensional (3D) dynamic focal plane. The plane is newly introduced to represent the arbitrary 3D intraoral structure of each patient. The proposed algorithm consists of three steps: preprocessing, focal plane estimation, and image reconstruction. We first perform preprocessing to improve the accuracy of focal plane estimation. The 3D dynamic focal plane is then estimated by adjusting the position of the image plane so that object boundaries in the neighboring projection data are aligned or focused on the plane. Finally, a panoramic radiographic image is reconstructed using the estimated dynamic focal plane.ResultsThe proposed algorithm is evaluated using a numerical phantom dataset and four clinical human datasets. In order to examine the image quality improvement owing to the proposed algorithm, we generate panoramic radiographic images based on a conventional static focal plane and estimated 3D dynamic focal planes, respectively. Experimental results show that the image quality is dramatically improved for all datasets using the 3D dynamic focal planes that are estimated from the proposed algorithm.ConclusionsWe propose an imaging algorithm for digital panoramic radiography that provides improved image quality by estimating dynamic focal planes fitted to each individual patient’s intraoral structure.
Nerve ultrasound normal values in children and young adults
Authors: Druzhinin Dmitry , Naumova Еugeniia , Nikitin Sergey 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the study was to determine the reference values for cross‐sectional area (CSA) of the nerves in healthy subjects between the age of 2 and 30 years.MethodsHigh‐resolution ultrasonography (HRU) of the median, ulnar, tibial, sural, peroneal and spinal nerves C5‐C7 was performed in 72 healthy subjects.ResultsThe CSA of peripheral nerves demonstrated an age‐dependent increase in size at all measurement sites in children up to around 14 years of age. This was most pronounced for large lower limb nerves and least for small nerves. Intra‐nerve and inter‐nerve variability of nerve CSA did not change with age.ConclusionsThis study provides normative values for HRU of peripheral nerves in children and young adults. Adult reference values should not be used for children under the age of 14 years.
Clinical and genetic characteristics of childhood‐onset myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Stokes Mathew , Varughese Natasha , Iannaccone Susan , Castro Diana 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by a CTG (cytosine‐thymine‐guanine) trinucleotide repeat expansion. Congenital DM (CDM) presents in the first month of life, whereas individuals with infantile and juvenile DM1 have later onset of symptoms.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients with childhood‐onset DM1 seen at one of three locations in Dallas, Texas between 1990 and 2018. Symptoms, disease course, cognitive features, and family history were reviewed.ResultsSeventy‐four patients were included; CDM was diagnosed in 52 patients. There was maternal inheritance in 74% of patients. CTG repeat number ranged from 143 to 2300. Neuropsychiatric and cognitive deficits were common. Over half of the patients had GI disturbances, and orthopedic complications were common.DiscussionMyotonic dystrophy type 1 in children requires a multidisciplinary approach to management. Presenting symptoms vary, and repeat expansion size does not necessarily directly relate to severity of symptoms. A consensus for outcome measures is required.
Hybrid systems of three‐dimensional carbon nanostructures with low dimensional fillers for piezoresistive sensors
Authors: Ke Kai , Sang Zhen , Manas‐Zloczower Ica 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs an alternative of single filler system, hybrid fillers system is beneficial for the fabrication of elastomer‐based piezoresistive strain sensors with high strain sensitivity for structural health monitoring and human motion detection. However, a comprehensive understanding for the effect of the secondary filler dimensionality on piezoresistive strain sensor sensitivity by hybrid carbon nanofillers strategy is missing. Here, we report a comparative study about the effect of branched carbon nanostructures (CNS, three‐dimensional, 3D) combined with carbon black (CB, 0D) or carbon nanotubes (CNT, 1D) on the piezoresistive behavior of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)‐based composites. At either the same total filler content or similar electrical resistivity, using CNS‐CB hybrid is more efficient than using CNS alone or CNS‐CNT hybrid for improving piezoresistive sensitivity of the TPU composites. For instance, the composite 1.5CNS‐1CB has a gauge factor (GF) of 21 and 99 at strain ε = 50 and 100%, respectively, while the composites 2.5CNS and 1.5CNS‐1CNT have GF values of 4.3 and 9.1 at strain ε = 50% and 14 and 20 at strain ε = 100%, respectively. Besides, the TPU composite with CNS‐CB shows a larger response to finger bending (50° on an index finger) by comparison with that contains only CNS, indicating potential applications for human motion detection. This study introduces a facile way to fabricate strain‐sensitive sensors aimed at strain of 50%–100%, strengthening understanding the selection of hybrid carbon nanofillers with different dimensionalities to optimize piezoresistive sensor design.
Neurophysiological and behavioral measures of pain during neonatal hip examination
Authors: Pettersson Miriam , Olsson Emma , Ohlin Andreas , Eriksson Mats 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that neonatal hip examination causes pain in newborns. Pain assessment using instruments such as the Premature Infant Pain Profile‐Revised (PIPP‐R) scale is recommended, but recently physiological and neurophysiological measures, for example, near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and galvanic skin response (GSR), have been used as well.MethodsHeart auscultation and hip examination were performed, and the response of the newborn was registered by NIRS optodes, GSR electrodes, and a pulse oximeter probe attached to the infant. The face of the newborn was filmed. Heart auscultation was used as a nonpainful reference.ResultsThe pain scores for hip examination were higher than for the heart auscultation. Near‐infrared spectroscopy showed a significant higher increase from baseline in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) on both sides of the cortex at hip examination compared with at heart auscultation (P = .011 and P = .017). Mean PIPP‐R scores for the hip examination compared with heart auscultation increased from 3.0 to 8.1 (P = .000). The GSR analyses of hip examination compared with heart auscultation showed a significant increase in area under small peaks during the hip examination (P = .016), however, not when measured in peaks per second (P = .104). Interrater reliability was calculated for the NIRS interpretations, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) range of 0.93‐1.0 (P = .000).DiscussionPain in newborns can have negative consequences, and pain prevention and treatment are therefore important. We conclude that neonatal hip examinations are painful and that the pain should be treated, for example, with oral sweet solution. This is a change from present routines during neonatal hip examination and is hoped to lead to a change in national guidelines.
Facile one‐shot synthesis of functional star‐shaped polymers by domino‐type living cationic copolymerization
Authors: Yamada Mayuka , Yoshizaki Tomoya , Kanazawa Arihiro , Kanaoka Shokyoku , Aoshima Sadahito 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis article describes the syntheses of various functional star‐shaped polymers via monomer‐selective living cationic polymerization of a vinyl ether (VE) and a divinyl compound with alkoxystyrene moieties by a one‐shot method. An aqueous solution of the resulting star‐shaped polymers with oxyethylene pendants exhibits thermally induced phase separation behavior. To achieve domino synthesis from various monomers, we investigated the optimum reactivity difference using a functional VE and a monofunctional alkoxystyrene. Moreover, the one‐shot copolymerization of a bifunctional VE and an alkoxystyrene is also conducted to yield a star‐shaped polymer via the core‐first method. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2166–2174
A pilot study of a telehealth family‐focused melanoma preventive intervention for children with a family history of melanoma
Authors: Wu Yelena P. , Boucher Kenneth , Hu Nan , Hay Jennifer , Kohlmann Wendy , Aspinwall Lisa G. , Bowen Deborah J. , Parsons Bridget G. , Nagelhout Elizabeth S. , Grossman Douglas , Mooney Kathi , Leachman Sancy A. , Tercyak Kenneth P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveMelanoma preventive interventions for children with familial risk are critically needed because ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and sunburn occurrence early in life are the primary modifiable risk factors for melanoma. The current study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a new, family‐focused telehealth intervention for children with familial risk for melanoma and their parents. The study also explored changes in child sun protection and risk behaviors, sunburn occurrence, and objectively measured UVR exposure.MethodsThis was a prospective study with a single‐group design (n = 21 parent‐child dyads, children ages 8‐17). Dyads were asked to participate in three in‐person assessments and three live video teleconference intervention sessions.ResultsThe intervention was feasibly delivered, and the intervention content was acceptable to parents and children. The intervention was associated with improvements in child use of certain sun protection strategies over time and declines in child UVR exposure.ConclusionsA telehealth‐delivered,family‐focused melanoma preventive intervention was feasibly delivered and was acceptable to parent‐child dyads. Future melanoma preventive interventions for this at‐risk population could incorporate eHealth technologies to facilitate improvements in use of sun protection and monitoring of UVR exposure. This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, number NCT02846714.
Order in the ground state of a simple cubic dipole lattice in an external field
Authors: Ashhab Sahel , Carignano Marcelo , Madjet Mohamed E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMotivated by the presence of a lattice of rotating molecular dipoles in the high temperature phase of methylammonium lead iodide, we investigate the ground state of a simple cubic lattice of dipoles interacting with each other via the dipole‐dipole interaction and with an external field via the standard, linear dipole‐field interaction. In the absence of an external field, the ground state is infinitely degenerate, and all the configurations in the ground state manifold are periodic along the three lattice axes with a period of two lattice sites. Using a 1000‐dipole lattice as a unit cell in numerical simulations of an infinite simple cubic lattice, we determine the ground state dipole configurations in the presence of an external field. We then analyze the polarization, dipole orientation statistics and correlations in these configurations. Our calculations show that for some special directions of the external field the two‐site periodicity in the dipole configurations is preserved, while in the general case this periodicity is lost and complex dipole configurations form under the influence of the external field. More specifically, for a general field direction, a sudden transition from two‐site‐periodic configurations to irregular configurations occurs at a finite value of the applied field strength.
Molecular characterization of polyethylene oxide based oligomers by surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using a through‐hole alumina membrane as active substrate
Authors: Sato Hiroaki , Nakamura Sayaka , Fouquet Thierry , Ohmura Takayuki , Kotani Masahiro , Naito Yasuhide 
Published: September 2019

RationaleMolecular characterization of industrial oligomeric products is performed using surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI‐MS), termed desorption ionization using a through‐hole alumina membrane (DIUTHAME). This paper describes the unique feature of a DIUTHAME chip applying active SALDI, which generates specific types of fragments of polyglycol samples.MethodsPolyethylene oxide (PEO) and PEO‐based materials were subjected to SALDI‐MS. The influence of the presence or absence of a cationization salt on the mass spectrum was investigated. The resulting mass spectra composed of fragment ions were compared with those obtained by collision‐induced dissociation (CID)‐MS/MS. The specific fragment ions generated using the DIUTHAME chip were further subjected to high‐energy CID‐MS/MS.ResultsThe addition of a cationization salt resulted in SALDI mass spectra with fewer fragment peaks. The mass spectra obtained without adding the cationization salt were composed of many more fragment ions caused by in‐source decay. The fragmentation pattern was similar to that seen with low‐energy CID. The resulting fragment ions were formed by selective cleavage at the C‐O bond. High‐energy CID‐MS/MS can be performed for the specific fragment ions generated by in‐source decay fragmentation.ConclusionsMolecular characterization of PEO‐based oligomers by SALDI‐MS using the DIUTHAME chip was successfully demonstrated. The selective fragmentation and high‐energy CID‐MS/MS of the in‐source decay fragments made it possible to provide more detailed structural information. This unique feature of DIUTHAME gives it potential for use in new molecular characterization techniques.
Quantification of Optimal Reaction Parameters for the Synthesis of a Polysaccharide‐Based Graft Copolymers Using Combined Shannon's Entropy and Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Yadav Ranjana , Malhotra Annu Vij , Mishra Anuradha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe traditional process of synthesis of desired materials involves a trial and error approach, which consumes considerable time and resources. Therefore, it is necessary to implement computer‐aided optimizing techniques for the precise synthesis of desired material. This paper presents a novel modeling approach for precise synthesis of graft copolymers of poly(acrylic acid) and Tamarind seed polysaccharide (xyloglucan). Different sets of variables generated through experimental study have been analyzed for the quantification of optimal reaction variables and parameters using combined Shannon's entropy and data envelopment analysis (DEA). Experimental data from the grafting reaction such as concentration of acrylic acid, temperature, and time are used to validate the model and a good agreement between model predictions and experimental data is observed. The proposed innovative green approach for designing the precise synthesis of xyloglucan based graft copolymers may help in identifying the optimal conditions for polymerization reaction to reach targeted materials more efficiently.