bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microdistortions in Bowman's Layer 3 Years After SMILE for Myopia
Authors: Zhao Jing , Gao Yang , Han Tian , Zeng Li , Miao Huamao , Yang Dong , Zhou Qizhi , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE:
To investigate the characteristics and changes in microdistortions in Bowman's layer 3 years after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:
In this non-randomized, prospective study, 50 eyes of 28 patients who received SMILE with a mean spherical equivalent of −6.72 ± 1.41 diopters (D) were divided into a thin lenticule group (lenticule thickness ⩽ 135 µm) and a thick lenticule group (lenticule thickness > 135 µm). Examinations were performed preoperatively and 1 day, 1 month, and 3 years after SMILE. Microdistortions in Bowman's layer determined via optical coherence tomography were analyzed digitally.

RESULTS:
All patients completed the follow-up with no complications. Three years after SMILE, no eyes exhibited loss of corrected distance visual acuity. The safety index was 1.20 ± 0.15 and the efficacy index was 1.01 ± 0.10. The respective mean lengths of microdistortions at 1 day, 1 month, and 3 years after SMILE were 2,397.47 ± 1,777.22, 3,444.87 ± 2,145.82, and 1,283.81 ± 1,184.43 μm. The respective mean microdistortion lengths at each time-point were 1,781.29 ± 17,78.15, 2,617.78 ± 1,949.67, and 1,112.95 ± 1,245.88 μm in the thin lenticule group and 2,692.10 ± 1,825.20, 3,739.20 ± 2,072.60, and 1,332.44 ± 1,137.33 μm in the thick lenticule group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Microdistortions in Bowman's layer can remain 3 years after SMILE, but their lengths decrease over time. Thicker lenticules were associated with the early occurrence of microdistortions, but this effect decreased in the long term.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(2):96–101.]
Effect of Crystalline Lens Aberrations on Adaptive Optics Simulation of Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Villegas Eloy A. , Manzanera Silvestre , Lago Carmen M. , Hervella Lucía , Sawides Lucie , Artal Pablo 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the impact of the lens aberrations on the adaptive optics visual simulation of pseudophakic intraocular lens (IOL) profiles.

METHODS:
In 20 right phakic eyes, lens higher order aberrations (HOAs) were calculated as the whole eye minus the corneal aberrations. Visual simulation using low and high contrast corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) testing was carried out with the VAO instrument (Voptica, SL, Murcia, Spain), considering three optical conditions of the lens: removing HOA (no lens-HOA), removing spherical aberration (no lens-SA), and with lens HOA (natural condition). In addition, a through-focus visual simulation of a trifocal diffractive IOL profile with high contrast CDVA was also measured in two conditions: no lens-HOA and natural condition. Three different pupil sizes (3, 4.5, and 6 mm) were tested for all conditions.

RESULTS:

There were no significant intersubject differences between the three optical conditions and in the IOL simulation for all pupil sizes (
P
> .05). For 4.5- and 6-mm pupils, mean VA values of the no-lens SA and no lens-HOA conditions were similar and slightly worse than those of the natural condition. Individual differences between the no lens-HOA condition and the other two optical conditions, estimated as 95% limits of agreement, were acceptable for 3-mm pupil but worse as pupil diameter increased.

CONCLUSIONS:
The effect of lens aberrations on visual simulation is imperceptible for a small pupil diameter of 3 mm. Although the increment of pupil size increases the probability of patients with significant visual impact of lens HOAs, the mean intersubject VA differences are negligible.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(2):126–131.]
Longitudinal and Regional Non-uniform Remodeling of Corneal Epithelium After Topography-Guided FS-LASIK
Authors: Fan Limin , Xiong Lu , Zhang Bo , Wang Zheng 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE:
To observe the epithelial remodeling over a 9-mm diameter cornea induced by topography-guided femtosecond laser–assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for myopia correction using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

METHODS:
Forty-three eyes of 22 patients who underwent topography-guided FS-LASIK for myopic correction were included. The “Pachymetrywide” scan pattern was used to generate the epithelial thickness map using SD-OCT preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Epithelial thickness was compared and analyzed by section and zone.

RESULTS:

Compared to the preoperative values, the change in the average epithelial thickness in the central, paracentral, and mid-peripheral zones was 2.09, 4.53, and −0.87 µm at 1 month; 3.00, 4.61, and −0.97 µm at 3 months; and 3.28, 4.55, and −0.81 µm at 6 months postoperatively, respectively. From 1 to 3 months postoperatively, the central epithelial thickness changed significantly (
P
= .021), whereas the epithelial thickness in the paracentral (
P
= .973) and mid-peripheral (
P
= .996) zones stabilized. No significant epithelial thickness change was observed in the zones between 3 and 6 months postoperatively (all
P
> .05). The epithelial thickness in the paracentral inferotemporal section increased by 12.7% at 6 months after surgery. The central epithelial hyperplasia showed no correlation with the change in postoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (
P
= .313).

CONCLUSIONS:
After topography-guided FS-LASIK, the 9-mm diameter epithelial thickness showed a longitudinal and regional non-uniform redistribution. Central epithelial remodeling stabilized more slowly. The greatest increase in epithelial thickness was observed in the paracentral inferotemporal section. This epithelial remodeling did not cause refractive regression.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(2):88–95.]
Higher Order Aberrations in Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Versus Manual Cataract Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ernest Paul H. , Popovic Marko , Schlenker Matthew B. , Klumpp Lindsay , Ahmed Iqbal Ike K. 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE:
To evaluate differences in higher order aberrations (HOAs) between femtosecond laser–assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and manual cataract surgery.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study, consecutive patients undergoing FLACS or manual cataract surgery with implantation of an intraocular lens from January 2017 to February 2018 were recruited. Patients underwent aberrometry testing at least 2 months postoperatively. The primary endpoint was internal coma < 0.32 µm, and secondary outcomes included patient-reported vision quality. Generalized estimating equations accounting for within-patient correlation were used for analysis.

RESULTS:

A total of 57 eyes underwent FLACS (mesopic pupil size: 4.74 ± 1.37 mm) and 50 eyes underwent manual cataract surgery (pupil size: 4.99 ± 1.24 mm). The proportion of eyes reaching internal coma < 0.32 µm was significantly greater following FLACS (54 of 57 eyes, 94.7%) relative to manual cataract surgery (39 of 50 eyes, 78.0%) (odds ratio [OR] = 5.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24 to 20.85,
P
= .024). The median internal coma was 0.10 µm for FLACS and 0.12 µm for manual cataract surgery (
P
= .005). There were no significant differences in vision quality between treatments (
P
= .40). All eyes (n = 15) with satisfaction scores of 0 to 10 had internal coma < 0.20 µm, compared to those with scores of 11 to 20 (27 of 29 eyes, 93.1%), 21 to 30 (19 of 30 eyes, 63.3%), and > 30 (8 of 15 eyes, 53.3%) (
P
< .001). The average internal coma increased by a greater amount for manual cataract surgery than for FLACS for every increase in mesopic pupil size > 5.75 mm.

CONCLUSIONS:
More eyes achieved internal coma < 0.32 µm following FLACS compared to manual cataract surgery. However, this does not account for improved patient-reported vision quality. There was a correlation between internal coma and patient-reported satisfaction, and eyes with excellent patient satisfaction all had internal coma < 0.20 µm.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(2):102–108.]
Injury by Contarinia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) to early-seeded and late-seeded canola in northeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, and assessment of seed treatments for midge control
Authors: Soroka Juliana , Grenkow Larry , Mori Boyd , Andreassen Lars 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA three-year field study in northeastern Saskatchewan, Canada, determined the effects of seeding date and seed treatment on feeding injury by Contarinia Róndani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) midges to canola, Brassica napus Linnaeus (Brassicaceae), and subsequent seed yield. Emergence cage monitoring indicated the presence of two generations of midges at the four locations observed. Intensity of midge injury to canola was low, but damaged plants were common. Field location and seeding date influenced probability of midge injury and canola growth stage. The wettest of the four locations had the greatest number of midges but low levels of probability of damage in two of three years. Early-seeded plots had higher injury probability than late-seeded plots, with the highest probability of injury occurring one to two weeks after flowering commenced. Seed treatment marginally affected midge injury ratings, suggesting that insecticide efficacy dissipated before the midges attacked. Seed yield was higher in early-seeded than in late-seeded plots in two of three years, despite the greater level of damage seen in early-seeded plots. Overall, the research showed that the agronomic benefits of early seeding outweighed the effects of the midge damage observed; therefore, producers in the Canadian prairie provinces should seed canola when conditions are most agronomically suitable.
Hypersensitive IFN Responses in Lupus Keratinocytes Reveal Key Mechanistic Determinants in Cutaneous Lupus
Authors: Tsoi Lam C. , Hile Grace A. , Berthier Celine C. , Sarkar Mrinal K. , Reed Tamra J. , Liu Jianhua , Uppala Ranjitha , Patrick Matthew , Raja Kalpana , Xing Xianying , Xing Enze , He Kevin , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Kahlenberg J. Michelle 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease in which 70% of patients experience disfiguring skin inflammation (grouped under the rubric of cutaneous lupus erythematosus [CLE]). There are limited treatment options for SLE and no Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies for CLE. Studies have revealed that IFNs are important mediators for SLE and CLE, but the mechanisms by which IFNs lead to disease are still poorly understood. We aimed to investigate how IFN responses in SLE keratinocytes contribute to development of CLE. A cohort of 72 RNA sequencing samples from 14 individuals (seven SLE and seven healthy controls) were analyzed to study the transcriptomic effects of type I and type II IFNs on SLE versus control keratinocytes. In-depth analysis of the IFN responses was conducted. Bioinformatics and functional assays were conducted to provide implications for the change of IFN response. A significant hypersensitive response to IFNs was identified in lupus keratinocytes, including genes (IFIH1, STAT1, and IRF7) encompassed in SLE susceptibility loci. Binding sites for the transcription factor PITX1 were enriched in genes that exhibit IFN-sensitive responses. PITX1 expression was increased in CLE lesions based on immunohistochemistry, and by using small interfering RNA knockdown, we illustrated that PITX1 was required for upregulation of IFN-regulated genes in vitro. SLE patients exhibit increased IFN signatures in their skin secondary to increased production and a robust, skewed IFN response that is regulated by PITX1. Targeting these exaggerated pathways may prove to be beneficial to prevent and treat hyperinflammatory responses in SLE skin.
Monocytes Represent One Source of Bacterial Shielding from Antibiotics following Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Fischer Karl J. , Yajjala Vijaya Kumar , Bansal Shruti , Bauer Christopher , Chen Ruiling , Sun Keer 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality associated with influenza infection. In this study, we show in a mouse model that preceding influenza infection promotes S. aureus resistance to killing by antibiotics. This resistance coincides with influenza-induced accumulation of inflammatory monocytes in the lung. CCR type 2 (CCR2) is responsible for pulmonary monocyte recruitment after influenza infection. We found that antibiotic-treated Ccr2-deficient (Ccr2−/−) mice exhibit significantly improved bacterial control and survival from influenza and methicillin-resistant S. aureus coinfection, despite a delay in viral clearance. Mechanistically, our results from in vivo studies indicate that influenza-induced monocytes serve as reservoirs for intracellular S. aureus survival, thereby promoting bacterial resistance to antibiotic treatment. Blocking CCR2 with a small molecular inhibitor (PF-04178903), in conjunction with antibiotic treatment, enhanced lung bacterial clearance and significantly improved animal survival. Collectively, our study demonstrates that inflammatory monocytes constitute an important and hitherto underappreciated mechanism of the conflicting immune requirements for viral and bacterial clearance by hosts, which subsequently leads to exacerbated outcomes of influenza and S. aureus coinfection.
Self versus Nonself Discrimination by the Soluble Complement Regulators Factor H and FHL-1
Authors: Dopler Arthur , Guntau Leonie , Harder Markus J. , Palmer Annette , Höchsmann Britta , Schrezenmeier Hubert , Simmet Thomas , Huber-Lang Markus , Schmidt Christoph Q. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The plasma proteins Factor H (FH) and its alternate splice variant FH-like protein 1 (FHL-1) are the major regulators of the complement alternative pathway. The indiscriminate nature of alternative pathway activation necessitates the regulators to be host selective, but the underlying principles of selectivity remained largely elusive. By analyzing human FH and FHL-1 for protection of different host and foreign cells (rabbit and yeast), we uncovered a 2-fold discriminatory mechanism of FH in favor of self: relative to FHL-1, FH exhibits a regulatory benefit on self but importantly, also, a regulatory penalty on nonself surfaces, yielding a selectivity factor of ∼2.4 for sialylated host surfaces. We further show that FHL-1 possesses higher regulatory activity than known but is relatively unselective. The reason for this unexpected high activity of FHL-1 is the observation that the complement regulatory site in FH exceeds the established first four domains. Affinity for C3b, cofactor and decay-accelerating activities, and serum assays demonstrate that the regulatory site extends domains 1–4 and includes domains 5–7. But unlike FH, FHL-1 exhibits a fast plasma clearance in mice, occurs sparsely in human plasma (at one fortieth of the FH concentration), and resists deregulation by FH-related proteins. These physiological differences and its late phylogenetic occurrence argue that FHL-1 is crucial for local rather than systemic compartments. In conclusion, we demonstrate a 2-fold discriminatory power of FH to promote selectivity for self over foreign and show that FHL-1 is more active than known but specialized for regulation on local tissues.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Patients: Collegiate Athletic Trainers' Perceptions
Authors: Nye Emma A , Crossway Ashley , Rogers Sean M. , Games Kenneth E. , Eberman Lindsey E. 
Published: February 2019

Context
Research suggests that patients who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) are at risk for certain conditions and denied equal access to health care in physician offices compared with their heterosexual counterparts. However, little evidence exists regarding the treatment of LGBTQ student-athlete patients in the athletic training clinic and the role the athletic trainer (AT) plays in these health care experiences.

Objective
To explore the perceptions of ATs treating LGBTQ student-athlete patients.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 1077 collegiate and university ATs completed the survey (5685 e-mails distributed, 1214 surveys started, access rate = 21.4%, completion rate = 88.7%).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Demographic information and level of agreement in 3 areas (approach, quality of care, and comfort) were obtained on a 5-point Likert scale. We asked ATs their likeliness of providing guidance to student-athletes about navigating their sexuality generally and as it related to athletic participation, if they thought they provided equal health care to a student-athlete who identified as LGBTQ, how comfortable they were treating LGBTQ student-athlete patients, and how comfortable they thought student-athlete patients would be seeking care from them or from providers in their clinic.

Results
Overall, we found differences among groups for sexual orientation, gender, religion, and the existence of interpersonal contact with LGBTQ friends or family for approach, quality of care, and comfort. We also identified 2 main themes indicating ATs' desire for more training and education, specifically in caring for transgender student-athletes and providing patient-centered care with professionalism, regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation.

Conclusions
Although differences existed among demographic groups, ATs had a generally positive view of treating LGBTQ student-athlete patients and wanted more training and education on the specific needs of this population.
Coil Migration into Common Bile Duct after Postcholecystectomy Hepatic Artery Pseudo‑aneurysm Coiling
Authors: Nasa Mukesh , Sharma Zubin Dev , Patil Gaurav , Puri Rajesh 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWe report an interesting case of 50‑year‑old female who had postcholecystectomy hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm. This pseudo‑aneurysm was coiled by interventional radiologist. Patient later presented with obstructive jaundice which was due to migration of pseudoaneurysm coils into bile‑duct.
Clinical Profile, Complications, Management, and Outcome of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: A North Indian Study
Authors: Habib Mudasir , Dar Hilal Ahmad , Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Shah Altaf Hussain , Zargar Showkat Ali , Singh Bhagat , Sheikh Nadeem Ahmad , Ashraf Aadil , Mohammad Sozia 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess clinical profile, complications, management, and outcome of postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Methods: In this prospective study, 1320 patients were followed for the development of post‑ERCP pancreatitis. Post‑ERCP complications and outcome were assessed. Results: The percentage of post‑ERCP pancreatitis in our patients was 5.3%. The mean age of patients with post‑ERCP pancreatitis was 49.9 years. About 15.7% of the patients who developed post‑ERCP pancreatitis experienced complications in the form of respiratory failure and sepsis. Conclusion: The incidence of post‑ERCP pancreatitis was 5.3%. The major complications after post‑ERCP pancreatitis were respiratory failure and sepsis. The outcome of post‑ERCP pancreatitis was good, as there was no mortality. However, majority of patients with severe post‑ERCP pancreatitis developed sepsis and received antibiotics.
Capsule Endoscopy for Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Single‑Center Experience
Authors: Chauhan Virender , Goel Vasudha , Jain Mukesh , Gupta Gaurav , Pokharna Rupesh , Sharma Shyam Sunder , Nijhawan Sandeep 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Capsule endoscopy (CE) has an established role in evaluating obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). The aim was to know the diagnostic yield of CE and spectrum of OGIB. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated all the patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleed using MiroCam capsule endoscope (IntroMedic, Seoul, Korea) between February 2014 and March 2018. Clinical data, ancillary investigations, and response to specific treatment were considered to confirm CE findings. Results: Out of 102 patients included in the study (mean age 54.5 ± 16.1 years, male: female ratio = 1.83:1) OGIB‑overt and OGIB‑occult was present in 46 and 56 patients, respectively. Diagnostic yield of CE was similar in both the groups (overt‑37/46, 80.4% versus occult‑37/56, 66.5%) (P ≥ 0.05), although there was trend to find more lesions in overt group. Overall positive diagnostic yield was 72.5%. Lesions detected were vascular malformations in 21 (20.5%), nonsteroidal anti‑inflammatory drug enteropathy in 13 (12.7%), small bowel ulcerations in 27 (26.4%), which were further divided into three subgroups (a) nonspecific ulcerations 11 (10.7%), (b) tubercular ulcer with/without stricture in 7 (6.8%) and (c) serpiginous ulcers and fissuring with cobble‑stone appearance suggestive of Crohn’s disease in 9 (8.8%), portal hypertensive enteropathy in 5 (4.9%), worm infestation (hookworms in 3, roundworms 1) in 4 (3.9%), and small bowel tumour in 1 (0.98%) patient. Overall, 56.7% patients were having definitive (P2) lesions (Saurin classification). Two patients had retention of capsule, but none developed intestinal obstruction. Capsule was removed with surgical intervention. Conclusion: CE has high diagnostic yield, relative safety and tolerability, and it is an important diagnostic tool for OGIB. Small bowel tuberculosis, Crohn’s disease and Worm infestation continue to be commonly recognized causes of OGIB in developing countries like India.
Routine Screening before Endoscopic Procedures: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rodge Gajanan Ashokrao , Goenka Mahesh Kumar 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTRoutine screening prior to endoscopic procedures includes ordering a panel of tests on all patients undergoing endoscopic procedures without seeking any history and physical examination of the patients. These laboratory testing increases the cost burden on the patient but can have a strong impact on complications after endoscopic procedures. Selective preoperative tests (i.e., tests ordered after consideration of careful history taking and physical examination) may assist in making decisions about the process of perioperative assessment and management. We believe that the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of India should take initiative to draw its own position paper / guideline in view of the strong impact on cost and medico-legal issue in an Indian setting.
Duodenal Perforation Secondary to Migrated Biliary Stent: A Rare and Serious Complication of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Yagnik Vipul D. , Joshipura Vismit P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough migration of biliary stents is not uncommon, stent‑induced perforation of the intestinal wall is a rare and serious complication. We report a case of duodenal perforation secondary to migrated biliary stent kept for obstructive jaundice for common bile duct stone in a 64‑year‑old male. Intestinal perforation secondary to migrated stent should be considered in patients reported with abdominal pain and sepsis after an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with biliary stent placement.