bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower Semi-continuity of the Index in the Viscosity Method for Minimal Surfaces
Authors: Rivière Tristan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe goal of the present work is two-fold. First we prove the existence of a Hilbert manifold structure on the space of immersed oriented closed surfaces with three derivatives in $L^2$ in an arbitrary compact submanifold $M^m$ of an Euclidian space ${{\mathbb{R}}}^Q$. Second, using this Hilbert manifold structure, we prove a lower semi-continuity property of the index for sequences of conformal immersions, critical points to the viscous approximation of the area satisfying a Struwe entropy estimate and a bubble tree strongly converging in $W^{1,2}$ to a limiting minimal surface as the viscous parameter is going to zero.
HIV-Related Arterial Stiffness in Malawian Adults Is Associated With the Proportion of PD-1–Expressing CD8+ T Cells and Reverses With Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Kelly Christine , Mwandumba Henry C , Heyderman Robert S , Jambo Kondwani , Kamng’ona Raphael , Chammudzi Mishek , Sheha Irene , Peterson Ingrid , Rapala Alicja , Mallewa Jane , Walker A Sarah , Klein Nigel , Khoo Saye 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe contribution of immune activation to arterial stiffness and its reversibility in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown.MethodsHIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Malawian adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a CD4+ T-cell count of &lt;100 cells/μL were enrolled and followed for 44 weeks; enrollment of infected adults occurred 2 weeks after ART initiation. We evaluated the relationship between carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and T-cell activation (defined as HLA-DR+CD38+ T cells), exhaustion (define as PD-1+ T cells), and senescence (defined as CD57+ T cells) and monocyte subsets, using normal regression.ResultsIn 279 HIV-infected and 110 HIV-uninfected adults, 142 (37%) had hypertension. HIV was independently associated with a 12% higher cfPWV (P = .02) at baseline and a 14% higher cfPWV at week 10 (P = .02), but the increases resolved by week 22. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion were independently associated with a higher cfPWV at baseline (P = .02). At 44 weeks, arterial stiffness improved more in those with greater decreases in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and the percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .01 and P = .03, respectively). When considering HIV-infected participants alone, the adjusted arterial stiffness at week 44 tended to be lower in those with higher baseline percentage of PD-1+CD8+ T cells (P = .054).ConclusionsPD-1+CD8+ T-cells are associated with HIV-related arterial stiffness, which remains elevated during the first 3 months of ART. Resources to prevent cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa should focus on blood pressure reduction and individuals with a low CD4+ T-cell count during early ART.
Photoinactivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Paradigm-Changing Approach for Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Gonococcal Infection
Authors: Wang Ying , Ferrer-Espada Raquel , Baglo Yan , Goh Xueping S , Held Kathryn D , Grad Yonatan H , Gu Ying , Gelfand Jeffrey A , Dai Tianhong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major issue of public health, and there is a critical need for the development of new antigonococcal strategies. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL; wavelength, 405 nm), an innovative nonpharmacological approach, for the inactivation of N. gonorrhoeae. Our findings indicated that aBL preferentially inactivated N. gonorrhoeae, including antibiotic-resistant strains, over human vaginal epithelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, no aBL-induced genotoxicity to the vaginal epithelial cells was observed at the radiant exposure used to inactivate N. gonorrhoeae. aBL also effectively inactivated N. gonorrhoeae that had attached to and invaded into the vaginal epithelial cells in their cocultures. No gonococcal resistance to aBL developed after 15 successive cycles of inactivation induced by subtherapeutic exposure to aBL. Endogenous aBL-activatable photosensitizing porphyrins in N. gonorrhoeae were identified and quantified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography, with coproporphyrin being the most abundant species in all N. gonorrhoeae strains studied. Singlet oxygen was involved in aBL inactivation of N. gonorrhoeae. Together, these findings show that aBL represents a potential potent treatment for antibiotic-resistant gonococcal infection.
The Expectations and Challenges of Wildlife Disease Research in the Era of Genomics: Forecasting with a Horizon Scan-like Exercise
Authors: Fitak Robert R , Antonides Jennifer D , Baitchman Eric J , Bonaccorso Elisa , Braun Josephine , Kubiski Steven , Chiu Elliott , Fagre Anna C , Gagne Roderick B , Lee Justin S , Malmberg Jennifer L , Stenglein Mark D , Dusek Robert J , Forgacs David , Fountain-Jones Nicholas M , Gilbertson Marie L J , Worsley-Tonks Katherine E L , Funk W Chris , Trumbo Daryl R , Ghersi Bruno M , Grimaldi Wray , Heisel Sara E , Jardine Claire M , Kamath Pauline L , Karmacharya Dibesh , Kozakiewicz Christopher P , Kraberger Simona , Loisel Dagan A , McDonald Cait , Miller Steven , O’Rourke Devon , Ott-Conn Caitlin N , Páez-Vacas Mónica , Peel Alison J , Turner Wendy C , VanAcker Meredith C , VandeWoude Sue , Pecon-Slattery Jill 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe outbreak and transmission of disease-causing pathogens are contributing to the unprecedented rate of biodiversity decline. Recent advances in genomics have coalesced into powerful tools to monitor, detect, and reconstruct the role of pathogens impacting wildlife populations. Wildlife researchers are thus uniquely positioned to merge ecological and evolutionary studies with genomic technologies to exploit unprecedented “Big Data” tools in disease research; however, many researchers lack the training and expertise required to use these computationally intensive methodologies. To address this disparity, the inaugural “Genomics of Disease in Wildlife” workshop assembled early to mid-career professionals with expertise across scientific disciplines (e.g., genomics, wildlife biology, veterinary sciences, and conservation management) for training in the application of genomic tools to wildlife disease research. A horizon scanning-like exercise, an activity to identify forthcoming trends and challenges, performed by the workshop participants identified and discussed 5 themes considered to be the most pressing to the application of genomics in wildlife disease research: 1) “Improving communication,” 2) “Methodological and analytical advancements,” 3) “Translation into practice,” 4) “Integrating landscape ecology and genomics,” and 5) “Emerging new questions.” Wide-ranging solutions from the horizon scan were international in scope, itemized both deficiencies and strengths in wildlife genomic initiatives, promoted the use of genomic technologies to unite wildlife and human disease research, and advocated best practices for optimal use of genomic tools in wildlife disease projects. The results offer a glimpse of the potential revolution in human and wildlife disease research possible through multi-disciplinary collaborations at local, regional, and global scales.
Patterns of Coverage Gains Among Young Adult Cancer Patients Following the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Nogueira Leticia M , Chawla Neetu , Han Xuesong , Jemal Ahmedin , Yabroff K Robin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The dependent coverage expansion (DCE) and Medicaid expansions (ME) under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) may differentially affect eligibility for health insurance coverage in young adult cancer patients. Studies examining temporal patterns of coverage changes in young adults following these policies are lacking. We used data from the National Cancer Database 2003–2015 to conduct a quasi-experimental study of cancer patients ages 19–34 years, grouped as DCE-eligible (19- to 25-year-olds) and DCE-ineligible (27- to 34-year-olds). Although private insurance coverage in DCE-eligible cancer patients increased incrementally following DCE implementation (0.5 per quarter; P < .001), an immediate effect on Medicaid coverage gains was observed after ME in all young adult cancer patients (3.01 for DCE-eligible and 1.62 for DCE-ineligible, both P < .001). Therefore, DCE and ME each had statistically significant and distinct effects on insurance coverage gains. Distinct temporal patterns of ACA policies’ impact on insurance coverage gains likely affect patterns of receipt of cancer care. Temporal patterns should be considered when evaluating the impact of health policies.
The HST Large Programme on NGC 6752. I. Serendipitous discovery of a dwarf Galaxy in background
Authors: Bedin L R , Salaris M , Rich R M , Richer H , Anderson J , Bettoni D , Nardiello D , Milone A P , Marino A F , Libralato M , Bellini A , Dieball A , Bergeron P , Burgasser A J , Apai D 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
As part of a large Hubble Space Telescope investigation aiming at reaching the faintest stars in the Galactic globular cluster NGC 6752, an Advanced Camera for Surveys/Wide Field Channel field was the subject of deep optical observations reaching magnitudes as faint as V ∼ 30. In this field, we report the discovery of Bedin I, a dwarf spheroidal galaxy too faint and too close to the core of NGC 6752 for detection in earlier surveys. As it is of broad interest to complete the census of galaxies in the local Universe, in this letter we provide the position of this new object along with preliminary assessments of its main parameters. Assuming the same reddening as for NGC 6752, we estimate a distance modulus of (m − M)0 = 29.70 ± 0.13 from the observed red giant branch, i.e. 8.7$^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$ Mpc, and size of ∼840 × 340 pc, about one-fifth the size of the Large Magellanic Cloud. A comparison of the observed colour–magnitude diagram with synthetic counterparts, which account for the galaxy distance modulus, reddening, and photometric errors, suggests the presence of an old (∼13 Gyr) and metal-poor ([Fe/H] ∼ −1.3) population. This object is most likely a relatively isolated satellite dwarf spheroidal galaxy of the nearby great spiral NGC 6744, or potentially the most distant isolated dwarf spheroidal known with a secure distance.
Friendship network composition and subjective well-being
Authors: Awaworyi Churchill Sefa , Smyth Russell 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Using data from the UK’s Community Life Survey, we present the first study to examine the relationship between heterogeneity in one’s friendship network and subjective well-being. We measure network heterogeneity by the extent to which one’s friends are similar to oneself with regard to ethnicity and religion. We find that people who have friendship networks with characteristics dissimilar to themselves have lower levels of subjective well-being. Specifically, our two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimates, using measures of ethnic and religious diversity based on the Herfindahl-type fractionalization index that are flipped between adjoining rural/urban areas as instruments, suggest that a standard deviation increase in the proportion of one’s friends from different ethnic (religious) groups is associated with a decrease of 0.276 (0.451) standard deviations in subjective well-being.
Fat as a Floating Signifier
Authors: Strings Sabrina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStudies on the development of fat stigma in the United States often consider gender, but not race. This chapter adds to the literature on the significance of race in the propagation of fat phobia. I investigate representations of voluptuousness among “white” Anglo-Saxon and German women, as well as “black” Irish women between 1830 and 1890—a time period during which the value of a curvy physique was hotly contested—performing a discourse analysis of thirty-three articles from top newspapers and magazines. I found that the rounded forms of Anglo-Saxon and German women were generally praised as signs of health and beauty. The fat Irish, by contrast, were depicted as grotesque. Building on the work of Stuart Hall, I conclude that fat was a “floating signifier” of race and national belonging. That is, rather than being universally lauded or condemned, the value attached to fatness was related to the race of its possessor.
Deviance Detection and Encoding Acoustic Regularity in the Auditory Midbrain
Authors: Malmierca Manuel S. , Carbajal Guillermo V. , Escera Carles 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the past, there was a rather corticocentric conception of the processing of relationships between sounds that used to mostly relegate the midbrain function to a mere relay. However, increasing neurophysiological evidence demonstrates that the midbrain is, in fact, playing a crucial role in encoding some sorts of regularities present in the flow of acoustic stimulation, adapting the neuronal response for processing efficiency. Midbrain neurons are capable of responding more rapidly and strongly when a new stimulus is not matching to a previously encoded regularity; a phenomenon referred to as deviance detection. This chapter discusses deviance detection evidence in the midbrain, mainly describing the characteristics and mechanisms of stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA), and closing with an interpretation from the standpoint of the predictive coding theory.
Japanese
Authors: Fukaya Teruhiko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of, while examining various proposals for, ellipsis in Japanese. Fragments are examined, and it is claimed to be reasonable to assume that stripping, sluicing, and ellipsis in comparatives are a uniform phenomenon while short answers are distinct. It is also argued that the properties of Right-Node Raising can be best captured by a non-constituent string deletion analysis. Three approaches to null arguments are examined, and shortcomings in each are discussed. N’-deletion is then explored and claimed to be ambiguous between two structural possibilities: ellipsis and non-ellipsis. VP-ellipsis, gapping, and pseudo-gapping are also touched upon. One significant aspect of the ellipsis phenomena in Japanese illustrated in this chapter is that the presence and absence of a case-marker plays a crucial role, with case-marked and non-case-marked fragments being analyzed as instances of surface anaphora and deep anaphora, respectively. This indicates the importance of focusing on case-marked versions in the syntactic investigation of these phenomena.
ellipsis in simpler syntax
Authors: Culicover Peter W. , Jackendoff Ray 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSame-Except is a fundamental domain-general cognitive relation in which entities in proximity to one another are judged to be the Same, Except for some part or property where they differ. This relation can be attested in non-linguistic modalities such as vision, audition, and taste, and it plays an important role in non-linguistic categorization. The chapter shows that this relation is expressed linguistically by means of a wide range of devices, including (a) lexical expressions such as same and except, (b) contrastive stress, (c) anaphora (e.g. definite and indefinite NP anaphora and VP anaphora), (d) ellipsis (e.g. bare argument ellipsis, sluicing, gapping, and VP-ellipsis), and (e) fixed expressions such as vice versa. This approach thereby unifies the semantics of all these phenomena under a common account that is based on a domain-general cognitive principle. The approach is compared with accounts of ellipsis based on syntactic copying or deletion, showing that both approaches have their difficulties.
Learning at the Edge
Authors: Petushek Erich , Arsal Güler , Ward Paul , Upton Mark , Whyte James , Hoffman Robert R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mentoring and coaching are effective and sometimes necessary strategies to foster the development of expertise. However, these learning enhancement methods are multifactorial and often ambiguously characterized. The goal of this chapter is to unpack this complex interactional relationship to more fully describe what it means to be an effective coach/mentor, and to better understand their role in developing expertise. Specifically, this chapter provides: (1) a detailed description of the different components and functions of mentoring, coaching, and preceptorship; (2) a summary of the meta-analytic evidence supporting the effectiveness of developmental support roles on a range of outcome measures (e.g., job performance); (3) a review of the empirical evidence supporting the development of expertise in mentoring-type roles; and (4) concluding remarks summarizing some of the major issues, and suggestions for how to advance this area of research.
The Archaeology of Early Christianity
Authors: Caraher William R. , Pettegrew David K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSince the Renaissance, archaeology has played a significant albeit changing role in illuminating the history of early Christianity. This chapter surveys different historical approaches to archaeological investigations of Christianity, from early efforts to authenticate or disprove the traditions and practices of the Catholic church to the development of the field of early Christian archaeology in continental Europe and through to more recent efforts to reconstruct the social and economic contexts of early Christian sites and landscapes between the first and eighth centuries. This chapter offers a state of the field, highlighting the positive achievements of archaeologists over the last two centuries and drawing attention to problems of method, interpretation, and approach that modern scholars are working to correct. It recommends repositioning the field within the disciplinary framework of archaeology itself while also encouraging fruitful interdisciplinary conversation.
Baths, Christianity, and Bathing Culture in Late Antiquity
Authors: DeForest Dallas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPublic bathing remained integral to social and daily life throughout Late Antiquity. This chapter explores how Christians used and received baths at this time by addressing the complex intersection of baths, Christianity, and public bathing culture. It provides an overview of baths in the Late Roman city and beyond, noting their continued ubiquity throughout the empire. And it details key changes to bath architecture introduced at this time, paying particular attention to the role of urban change and Christianity in this process. The chapter concludes with an overview of the various ways in which Christianity, baths, and bathing culture intersected directly during this important period of transition and transformation.
The Early Christian Archaeology of the Balkans
Authors: Bowden William 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTextual sources attest to the early spread of Christianity across the Balkan region, and archaeological evidence demonstrates how the new religion transformed the built environment and material culture of the area in Late Antiquity, although dating and analysis of these buildings have tended to focus on stylistic and typological approaches. Prior to the late fourth century archaeological evidence of Christianity is mainly found in funerary contexts, but in the fifth and sixth centuries the urban and rural landscapes were transformed by the construction of Christian architecture, including the monumentalization of martyrs’ graves at towns such as Salona and the creation of major episcopal centers at provincial capitals such as Stobi and Nicopolis. These churches were funded by multiple individuals, evidenced by inscriptions that reference ecclesiastical and lay donors of both sexes. The location and design of many of the churches also reflect the increasingly militarized nature of the Late Antique Balkans.
Out in the Undercurrents
Authors: Chow Yiu Fai , Kloet Jeroen de 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Queer culture in Hong Kong was characterized by a playful politics of invisibility, opacity, and ambivalence, proposed as a queer alternative to the confrontational, identity-based politics often advocated in the West. The coming out of pop star Anthony Wong and other celebrities in 2012 marks a turning point. Taking Hong Kong as a lens, this chapter investigates the articulation between sexuality and popular music in the context of China. It traces the emergence of a Chinese movement to find postcolonial, indigenous—tongzhi, ku’er—ways of understanding sexual diversity, leading to the disruptive surprise of public figures coming out, apparently in accordance with Western models and in contrast to earlier local sexual politics of ambivalence and invisibility. The discussion presents an inquiry into global queer theory and local popular music cultures, showing how the latter holds the potential to upset, or at least surprise, the conceptual premises of the former.
Early diagnosis and treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Elkins J. Casey , Fruh Sharon 
Published: January 2019

Abstract:
If undiagnosed and untreated, familial hypercholesterolemia can lead to serious cardiac complications, such as premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. NPs should be familiar with the clinical presentation of this inherited metabolic disease to diagnose patients as early as possible and promptly begin treatment that may include lifestyle changes, statin therapy, and/or nonstatin therapy.
Evidence-based updates to the 2016 Surviving Sepsis Guidelines and clinical implications
Authors: Lehman Karen D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract:
Despite numerous advances in understanding the pathophysiology of sepsis and its treatment, sepsis morbidity and mortality remain high. The 2016 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines incorporated the latest research to formulate new sepsis diagnoses and updated treatment recommendations. This article reviews how to manage patients with sepsis and provides insight into the 2016 guidelines, updates, and suggestions.
Safety of the Balloon Catheter for Cervical Ripening in Outpatient Care: Complications During the Period From Insertion to Expulsion of a Balloon Catheter in the Process of Labour Induction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Diederen M. , Gommers J. S. M. , Wilkinson C. , Turnbull D. , Mol B. W. J. 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from BJOG 2018;125:1086–1095)
It has been suggested that cervical ripening with a balloon catheter for labor induction can be done in an outpatient setting in low-risk pregnancies. Introduction of such an approach needs to be accompanied with monitoring of potential complications.
Labor Induction Versus Expectant Management in Low-Risk Nulliparous Women
Authors: Grobman William A. , Rice Madeline M. , Reddy Uma M. , Tita Alan T. N. , Silver Robert M. , Mallett Gail , Hill Kim , Thom Elizabeth A. , El-Sayed Yasser Y. , Perez-Delboy Annette , Rouse Dwight J. , Saade George R. , Boggess Kim A. , Chauhan Suneet P. , Iams Jay D. , Chien Edward K. , Casey Brian M. , Gibbs Ronald S. , Srinivas Sindhu K. , Swamy Geeta K. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Macones George A. 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2018;379:513–523)
The perinatal and maternal consequences of induction of labor at 39 weeks among low-risk nulliparous women are uncertain. The ARRIVE trial (A Randomized Trial of Induction Versus Expectant Management) was designed to test the hypothesis that elective induction of labor at 39 weeks would result in a lower risk of a composite outcome of perinatal death or severe neonatal complications than expectant management among low-risk nulliparous women.
Resolution of a Low-Lying Placenta and Placenta Previa Diagnosed at the Midtrimester Anatomy Scan
Authors: Durst Jennifer K. , Tuuli Methodius G. , Temming Lorene A. , Hamilton Owen , Dicke Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from J Ultrasound Med 2018;37:2011–2019)
Placenta previa or low-lying placenta is identified on a significant number of midtrimester ultrasounds (USs), and the large majority of these resolve by term. While guidelines recommend follow-up US at 32 weeks' gestation to assess for resolution of midtrimester previa, limited data exist to support this recommendation.