bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red Palm Oil to Combat Vitamin A Deficiency in Developing Countries
Authors: Rukmini C. 
Published: November 2018

Red palm oil (RPO), besides providing calorie density to the diet, is also the richest natural source of β-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A and an antioxidant that destroys singlet oxygen and free radicals. Chemical analysis of the fatty acid composition of RPO indicates that it has 50% saturated, 40% mono-unsaturated, and 10% polyunsaturated fatty acids. RPO contains 550 mg/g of total carotenoids, of which 375 mg/g represent β-carotene. It also contains 1,000 mg/g of tocopherols and tocotrienols. Nutritional values in rats fed 10% RPO in a 10% casein diet were comparable to those fed 10% ground nut oil (GNO) or 10% RBDPO (refined, bleached, deodorized palm oil). Rats fed RPO or RBDPO had significantly lower plasma cholesterol concentrations than those fed GNO. Significant inhibition of micro-somal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity was observed in the RPO and RBDPO groups, indicating reduced synthesis of endogenous cholesterol. Toxicological studies also indicate that RPO is safe for human consumption. Indian school children fed supplementary snacks prepared with RPO for 60 days had significant increases in serum retinol levels as well as an increased liver retinol store, suggesting the ready bioavailability of β-carotene.
Food Uses of Palm Oil in China
Authors: Weuxun Fan , Xiaoshu Chen 
Published: November 2018

In recent years China has emerged as a major importer of Malaysian palm oil in the form of its «liquid» fraction, palm olein. It is now widely used in the Chinese food industry, particularly in the manufacture of instant noodles, snack foods, milk powder, margarine, and shortening. Although palm olein is widely used throughout the tropics as a cooking oil in household kitchens, its high melting point makes it unsuitable for this purpose in the temperate and northern regions of China. However, this problem can be overcome by blending appropriate proportions of palm olein with other locally available vegetable oils. Recent research has shown palm oil to be a safe and versatile edible oil with beneficial effects, and its use can be expected to increase if greater publicity can be given to its nutritional and technical advantages.
Nutrition Surveillance Bangladesh: A Useful Tool for Policy Planning at the Local and National Levels
Authors: Bloem Martin W. , Hye Abdul , Gorstein Jonathan , Wijnroks Marijke , Hall Gillian , Matzger Helen , Sommer Alfred 
Published: November 2018

As a response to the inability of both governmental and non-governmental organizations to provide vital information during the floods of 1987 and 1988 in Bangladesh, a nutrition surveillance system (the NSP) was established in April 7990. This is a collaborative effort that involves international and indigenous non-governmental organizations and the government of Bangladesh, and is coordinated by Helen Keller International and funded by the US Agency for International Development. During the past three years the NSP has demonstrated an ability to provide regular and dependable information on the prevalence of undernutrition and morbidity in children under five years of age, household socioeconomic characteristics, food prices, and the extent of distress at household and community levels from data collected every two months by NGOs and the government in selected rural districts and urban slums in all regions of the country. The system was established as a bottom-up surveillance system based on NGO-specific teams with a continuous central quality control system to ensure the collection of reliable data. The NSP has proved to be an excellent tool for policy makers from several sectors, involving health, agriculture, and food aid The NGOs use it for the continuous monitoring of their development programmes and to identify mechanisms through which services can be delivered most effectively. Regional-level analyses evaluated the impact of the universal vitamin A capsule distribution programme. After the cyclone of 1991, the NSP demonstrated its flexibility by expanding rapidly to cover affected districts and provide pertinent information to those involved in relief efforts. Most recently, the NSP has provided information on the role of food prices on nutrition status and assisted the Ministry of Food in its decision-making. The model is worthy of consideration for replication in other countries in the world.
Constituents of Human Milk
Authors: Prentice Ann 
Published: November 2018

Breastmilk contains all the nutrients required by the newborn baby. It also contains non-nutritional components that may promote infant health, growth, and development, such as antimicrobial factors, digestive enzymes, hormones, trophic factors, and growth modulators. In some situations, breastmilk may also contain harmful components, such as pollutants, drugs, allergens, and viruses. Human milk has a unique composition, which differs from that of other mammals in its ingredients and their concentrations. Breastmilk composition is not constant and varies with stage of lactation, breastfeeding pattern, season, and parity. It also differs among individuals and among communities, for reasons that are not well understood. Maternal nutrition is an obvious candidate, but the situation is complex. Supplementation studies and cross-cultural comparisons have demonstrated that the total concentrations of fat, protein, and lactose are relatively insensitive to current dietary intake and nutritional status, whereas the fatty acid profile and the concentrations of several micronutrients, particularly water-soluble vitamins, are responsive to maternal diet. For many infants, nutrient intake from breastmilk becomes insufficient after four to six months, and other foods should be added to the diet. Nevertheless, breastmilk can continue to be a valuable nutrient source and to provide non-nutritional factors even for older children. Consequently, breastfeeding for one to two years as part of a mixed diet has many advantages, particularly for children living in impoverished circumstances.
Efficacy and Safety of Daflon® in the Treatment of Idiopathic Epistaxis
Authors: Attia Tamer M. 
Published: November 2018

Background Epistaxis is a very common ENT emergency with the idiopathic variety being the commonest type. Daflon® is a mixture of flavonoids with beneficial vascular effects that may help in the treatment of epistaxis. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of Daflon® in the treatment of idiopathic epistaxis. Methods This is an open-label randomized clinical trial conducted on patients with idiopathic epistaxis comparing 1 group receiving Daflon® for 1 month and a second group receiving Daflon® for 3 months with a control group receiving nothing. The groups were evaluated regarding the number of visits to an emergency room and the number of patients needing cautery as indicators for the control of epistaxis. Also, the severity of epistaxis was assessed using epistaxis severity score (ESS) before and after treatment. We followed the patients for 1 year to determine the long-term effect of both drug protocols. Results The study included 450 patients distributed equally among the 3 study groups. The administration of Daflon® whether for 1 month or 3 months resulted in a significant improvement in our indicators for control of epistaxis including the number of patients visiting an emergency room and those needing cauterization after the failure of light nasal packing when compared with control group. Also, the severity of epistaxis as defined by the ESS was significantly less at the end of each treatment period and at 1-year follow-up when compared with the pretreatment severity. However, the use of Daflon® for 3 months was associated with a significantly more epistaxis control at 1-year follow-up when compared with the 1-month administration. Conclusion Daflon® is a very effective and safe method for controlling idiopathic epistaxis. However, the daily use of Daflon® for 3 months has a more significant long-term beneficial effect than 1 month of use.
Serous cystadenoma of pancreas: A clinicopathologic experience of 23 cases from a major tertiary care center
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman , Ahmad Zubair , Abdul-Ghafar Jamshid , Din Nasir Ud 
Published: November 2018

Background: Serous cystadenomas of pancreas are rare benign epithelial neoplasms, which predominantly occur in the pancreatic body and tail of elderly females. Majority of these tumors have microcystic appearance. Macrocystic and solid variants have also been described. A number of more aggressive cystic pancreatic lesions are included in the differential diagnosis. Distinction from such lesions is important for optimal management. Objective: Our aim was to study the clinical and histological features of serous cystadenomas which would be helpful in making their correct diagnosis and understanding their behavior. Methods: We reviewed 23 cases of serous cystadenomas diagnosed in our institution between January 2001 and June 2018. Results: Mean age at presentation was 53.43 years. Female to male ratio was 4.75:1. Over half (56.5%) of the cases were diagnosed incidentally. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom. Body and tail (either alone or in combination) were the most common locations. Tumor size ranged from 2 to 16 cm. Central scar was seen in 43.4% cases. Two cases were unilocular (macrocystic). Microscopically, all cases showed simple cuboidal to flattened epithelium with round, uniform nuclei, and glycogen-rich clear cytoplasm. Focal micropapillae formation was seen in eight cases (34.7%). Surgical resection was performed in 82.6% cases. Recurrence occurred in only one single case. Conclusion: Pancreatic serous cystadenomas are benign neoplasms with excellent prognosis. The tumors showed typical morphological features in all cases. Surgical resection was performed in the majority of cases in our study owing to lack of optimal and complete radiological workup pre-operatively and the concern for not missing and adequately treating pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms.
An Adjustable Dalteparin Sodium Dose Regimen for the Prevention of Clotting in the Extracorporeal Circuit in Hemodialysis: A Clinical Trial of Safety and Efficacy (the PARROT Study)
Authors: Soroka Steven , Agharazii Mohsen , Donnelly Sandra , Roy Louise , Muirhead Norman , Cournoyer Serge , MacKinnon Martin , Pannu Neesh , Barrett Brendan , Madore François , Tennankore Karthik , Wilson Jo-Anne , Hilton Fiona , Sherman Nancy , Wolter Kevin , Orazem John , Feugère Guillaume 
Published: November 2018

Background: Dalteparin sodium, a low-molecular-weight heparin, is indicated for prevention of clotting in the extracorporeal circuit during hemodialysis (HD). Product labeling recommends a fixed single-bolus dose of 5000 international units (IU) for HD sessions lasting up to 4 hours, but adjustable dosing may be beneficial in clinical practice. Objective: The aim of the PARROT study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of an adjustable dose of dalteparin in patients with end-stage renal disease requiring 3 to 4 HD sessions per week. Design: A 7-week, open-label, multicenter study with a single treatment arm, conducted between October 2013 and March 2016. Setting: Ten sites in Canada. Patients: A total of 152 patients with end-stage renal disease requiring 3 to 4 HD sessions per week. Measurements: The primary outcome was the proportion of HD sessions completed without premature termination due to inadequate anticoagulation. Methods: All participants initially received a dose of 5000 IU dalteparin, which could be adjusted at subsequent HD sessions when clinically indicated, by increment or decrement of 500 or 1000 IU, with no specified dose limits. Results: Patients were followed for 256 patient-months. Nearly all (99.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 99.7-100) evaluable HD sessions were completed without premature clotting. Dose was adjusted for more than half (52.3%) of participants, mostly owing to clotting or access compression time >10 minutes. Median dalteparin dose was 5000 IU (range: 500-13 000 IU). There were no major bleeds, and minor bleeding was reported in 2.3% of all HD sessions. There was no evidence of bioaccumulation. Limitations: This short-term study, with a single treatment arm, was designed to optimize dalteparin dose using a flexible dosing schedule; it was not designed to specifically evaluate dalteparin dose minimization, provide a direct comparison of dalteparin versus unfractionated heparin, or provide information on long-term safety for flexible dalteparin dosing. Patients were excluded if they were at high risk of bleeding, including those on anticoagulants and those on antiplatelet agents other than aspirin <100 mg/d. Conclusions: Overall, an adjustable dalteparin sodium dose regimen allowed safe completion of HD, with clinical benefits over fixed dosing. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01879618, registered June 13, 2013.
Calcified Thoracic Disc Herniations in the Elderly: Revisiting the Laminectomy for Single Level Disease
Authors: Oitment Colby , Kwok Desmond , Steyn Chris 
Published: November 2018

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Objectives: Calcified thoracic disc herniations in the elderly present with a variety of clinical conditions and the treatment is a source of significant debate. Decompression of the disc space is done through anterior, lateral, posterolateral, and posterior approaches. There is significant morbidity of thoracic disc herniation and associated decompression. Methods: The present report is a case series of 8 elderly patients with calcified discopathy who received a simple laminectomy without decompression of the disc space. Results: Postoperatively, 5 patients mobilized independently, 2 with a walker, and 1 patient was nonambulatory. Two patients improved 1 ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale) score, 1 patient improved 2 ASIA scores, and 3 patients had no change in ASIA score. Conclusion: In our experience, thoracic disc herniations require a technically difficult decompression and overall the complications are significant. We present a series of 8 patients who generally improved from a simple laminectomy and consider this a viable procedure for patients too unwell to undergo direct disc decompression.
Myeloablative vs reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chhabra Saurabh , Ahn Kwang Woo , Hu Zhen-Huan , Jain Sandeep , Assal Amer , Cerny Jan , Copelan Edward A. , Daly Andrew , DeFilipp Zachariah , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Gale Robert Peter , Ganguly Siddhartha , Hamilton Betty K. , Hildebrandt Gerhard Carl , Hsu Jack W. , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Kanate Abraham S. , Khoury H. Jean , Lazarus Hillard M. , Litzow Mark R. , Nathan Sunita , Olsson Richard F. , Pawarode Attaphol , Ringden Olle , Rowe Jacob M. , Saad Ayman , Savani Bipin N. , Schouten Harry C. , Seo Sachiko , Shah Nirav N. , Solh Melhem , Stuart Robert K. , Ustun Celalettin , Woolfrey Ann E. , Yared Jean A. , Alyea Edwin P. , Kalaycio Matt E. , Popat Uday , Sobecks Ronald M. , Saber Wael 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Optimal conditioning intensity for allo-HCT for CML in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is unknown. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database, we sought to determine whether reduced-intensity/nonmyeloablative conditioning (RIC) allo-HCT and myeloablative conditioning (MAC) result in similar outcomes in CML patients. We evaluated 1395 CML allo-HCT recipients between the ages of 18 and 60 years. The disease status at transplant was divided into the following categories: chronic phase 1, chronic phase 2 or greater, and accelerated phase. Patients in blast phase at transplant and alternative donor transplants were excluded. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS) after allo-HCT. MAC (n = 1204) and RIC allo-HCT recipients (n = 191) from 2007 to 2014 were included. Patient, disease, and transplantation characteristics were similar, with a few exceptions. Multivariable analysis showed no significant difference in OS between MAC and RIC groups. In addition, leukemia-free survival and nonrelapse mortality did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Compared with MAC, the RIC group had a higher risk of early relapse after allo-HCT (hazard ratio [HR], 1.85; P = .001). The cumulative incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was lower with RIC than with MAC (HR, 0.77; P = .02). RIC provides similar survival and lower cGVHD compared with MAC and therefore may be a reasonable alternative to MAC for CML patients in the TKI era.
Assessment and Management of Patients With Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: A Multidisciplinary Review
Authors: Lawton Andrew J. , Lee Kathleen A. , Cheville Andrea L. , Ferrone Marco L. , Rades Dirk , Balboni Tracy A. , Abrahm Janet L. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeMetastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) can be a catastrophic manifestation of advanced cancer that causes immobilizing pain and significant neurologic impairment. Oncologists can protect their patients by having a high index of suspicion for MSCC when patients present with new or worsening back pain before motor, sensory, bowel, or bladder deficits develop. We provide an updated, evidence-based narrative review of the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of MSCC.MethodsThis narrative review was conducted by searching MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for relevant literature on the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with MSCC. The article addresses the key elements of MSCC management germane to the medical oncologist, with special attention given to pain and symptom management, decision making with regard to surgery and radiation therapy, the importance of rehabilitative care, and the value of a multidisciplinary approach.ResultsMagnetic resonance imaging of the entire spine is recommended for the diagnosis of MSCC. Treatment includes glucocorticoid therapy, pain management, radiation therapy with or without surgery, and specialized rehabilitation. When formulating a treatment plan, clinicians should consider the patient’s care goals and psychosocial needs.ConclusionPrompt diagnosis and treatment of MSCC can reduce pain and prevent irreversible functional loss. Regular collaboration among multidisciplinary providers may streamline care and enhance achievement of treatment goals.
Feeling Backward with Albert Nobbs
Authors: Koch-Rein Anson 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Drawing on Heather Love and Dan Irving, this piece argues that Rodrigo García's film Albert Nobbs has a place in transgender studies because it offers a cinematic opportunity to engage in feeling backward, to view sadness, dysphoria, and loneliness as part of an important, (re)current register of transgender affect.
Intrathecal Immunoglobulin for treatment of adult patients with tetanus: A randomized controlled 2x2 factorial trial
Authors: Loan Huỳnh Thị , Yen Lam Minh , Kestelyn: Evelyne , Hao Nguyen Van , Thanh Tran Tan , Dung Nguyen Thi Phuong , Turner Hugo C. , Geskus Ronald B. , Wolbers Marcel , Tan Le Van , Van Doorn H. Rogier , Day Nicholas P. , Wyncoll Duncan , Hien Tran Tinh , Thwaites Guy E. , Vinh Chau Nguyen Van , Thwaites C. Louise 
Published: November 2018

Despite long-standing availability of an effective vaccine, tetanus remains a significant problem in many countries. Outcome depends on access to mechanical ventilation and intensive care facilities and in settings where these are limited, mortality remains high. Administration of tetanus antitoxin by the intramuscular route is recommended treatment for tetanus, but as the tetanus toxin acts within the central nervous system, it has been suggested that intrathecal administration of antitoxin may be beneficial. Previous studies have indicated benefit, but with the exception of one small trial no blinded studies have been performed. The objective of this study is to establish whether the addition of intrathecal tetanus antitoxin reduces the need for mechanical ventilation in patients with tetanus. Secondary objectives: to determine whether the addition of intrathecal tetanus antitoxin reduces autonomic nervous system dysfunction and length of hospital/ intensive care unit stay; whether the addition of intrathecal tetanus antitoxin in the treatment of tetanus is safe and cost-effective; to provide data to inform recommendation of human rather than equine antitoxin. This study will enroll adult patients (≥16 years old) with tetanus admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City. The study is a 2x2 factorial blinded randomized controlled trial. Eligible patients will be randomized in a 1:1:1:1 manner to the four treatment arms (intrathecal treatment and human intramuscular treatment, intrathecal treatment and equine intramuscular treatment, sham procedure and human intramuscular treatment, sham procedure and equine intramuscular treatment). Primary outcome measure will be requirement for mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcome measures: duration of hospital/ intensive care unit stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, in-hospital and 240-day mortality and disability, new antibiotic prescription, incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia and autonomic nervous system dysfunction, total dose of benzodiazepines and pipecuronium, and incidence of adverse events. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02999815 Registration date: 21 December 2016
Extrinsic versus Intrinsic Rewards for Contributing Reviews in an Online Platform
Authors: Khern-am-nuai Warut , Kannan Karthik , Ghasemkhani Hossein 
Published: November 2018

Firms have considered various forms of incentives for writing reviews, including the use of extrinsic rewards to attract reviewers. Building on this literature, we study the implications of monetary incentives on online reviews in the context of a natural experiment, where one review platform suddenly began offering monetary incentives for writing reviews. We refer to this as the treated platform. Along with data from Amazon.com and using the difference-in-differences approach, we compare the quantity and quality of reviews before and after rewards were introduced in the treated platform. We find that reviews are significantly more positive but that the quality decreases. Taking advantage of the panel data, we also evaluate the effect of rewards on existing reviewers. We find that their level of participation after monetary incentives decreases but not their quality of participation. Last, even though the platform enjoys an increase in the number of new reviewers, disproportionately more reviews appear to be written for highly rated products. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0750 .
The “Devès Affair” in Saint-Louis-du-Senegal: A Critical Assessment of the Sources, 1902–1911
Authors: Ngalamulume Kalala 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article examines the validity and reliability of the testimonies and sworn depositions that the Peuvergne administration produced in July 1910 as evidence justifying Justin Devès’s suspension and removal from office as mayor of Saint-Louis, capital of French Senegal. The main argument here is that the “Devès Affair” was based on spurious charges. The article places the conflict in the broader context of the political and economic competition between the French colonial administration and the Bordeaux firms, on the one hand, and the Devès network, on the other.