bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Distinct Sets of Ca2+and K+Channels Are Activated at Different Membrane Potentials by the Climbing Fiber Synaptic Potential in Purkinje Neuron Dendrites
Authors: Ait Ouares Karima , Filipis Luiza , Tzilivaki Alexandra , Poirazi Panayiota , Canepari Marco 
Published: January 2019

In cerebellar Purkinje neuron dendrites, the transient depolarization associated with a climbing fiber (CF) EPSP activates voltage-gated Ca2+channels (VGCCs), voltage-gated K+channels (VGKCs), and Ca2+-activated SK and BK K+channels. The resulting membrane potential (Vm) and Ca2+transients play a fundamental role in dendritic integration and synaptic plasticity of parallel fiber inputs. Here we report a detailed investigation of the kinetics of dendritic Ca2+and K+channels activated by CF-EPSPs, based on optical measurements ofVmand Ca2+transients and on a single-compartment NEURON model reproducing experimental data. We first measuredVmand Ca2+transients associated with CF-EPSPs at different initialVm, and we analyzed the changes in the Ca2+transients produced by the block of each individual VGCCs, of A-type VGKCs and of SK and BK channels. Then, we constructed a model that includes six active ion channels to accurately match experimental signals and extract the physiological kinetics of each channel. We found that two different sets of channels are selectively activated. When the dendrite is hyperpolarized, CF-EPSPs mainly activate T-type VGCCs, SK channels, and A-type VGKCs that limit the transientVm∼ <0 mV. In contrast, when the dendrite is depolarized, T-type VGCCs and A-type VGKCs are inactivated and CF-EPSPs activate P/Q-type VGCCs, high-voltage activated VGKCs, and BK channels, leading to Ca2+spikes. Thus, the potentially activity-dependent regulation of A-type VGKCs, controlling the activation of this second set of channels, is likely to play a crucial role in signal integration and plasticity in Purkinje neuron dendrites.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe climbing fiber synaptic input transiently depolarizes the dendrite of cerebellar Purkinje neurons generating a signal that plays a fundamental role in dendritic integration. This signal is mediated by two types of Ca2+channels and four types of K+channels. Thus, understanding the kinetics of all of these channels is crucial for understanding PN function. To obtain this information, we used an innovative strategy that merges ultrafast optical membrane potential and Ca2+measurements, pharmacological analysis, and computational modeling. We found that, according to the initial membrane potential, the climbing fiber depolarizing transient activates two distinct sets of channels. Moreover, A-type K+channels limit the activation of P/Q-type Ca2+channels and associated K+channels, thus preventing the generation of Ca2+spikes.
Genetic, Inflammatory, and Epithelial Cell Differentiation Factors Control Expression of Human Calpain-14
Authors: Miller Daniel E , Forney Carmy , Rochman Mark , Cranert Stacey , Habel Jeffery , Rymer Jeffrey , Lynch Arthur , Schroeder Connor , Lee Josh , Sauder Amber , Smith Quinton , Chawla Mehak , Trimarchi Michael P , Lu Xiaoming , Fjellman Ellen , Brusilovsky Michael , Barski Artem , Waggoner Stephen , Weirauch Matthew T , Rothenberg Marc E , Kottyan Leah C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, food-driven allergic disease resulting in eosinophilic esophageal inflammation. We recently found that EoE susceptibility is associated with genetic variants in the promoter of CAPN14, a gene with reported esophagus-specific expression. CAPN14 is dynamically up-regulated as a function of EoE disease activity and after exposure of epithelial cells to interleukin-13 (IL-13). Herein, we aimed to explore molecular modulation of CAPN14 expression. We identified three putative binding sites for the IL-13-activated transcription factor STAT6 in the promoter and first intron of CAPN14. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that the two most distal STAT6 elements were required for the ∼10-fold increase in promoter activity subsequent to stimulation with IL-13 or IL-4, and also for the genotype-dependent reduction in IL-13-induced promoter activity. One of the STAT6 elements in the promoter was necessary for IL-13-mediated induction of CAPN14 promoter activity while the other STAT6 promoter element was necessary for full induction. Chromatin immunoprecipitation in IL-13 stimulated esophageal epithelial cells was used to further support STAT6 binding to the promoter of CAPN14 at these STAT6 binding sites. The highest CAPN14 and calpain-14 expression occurred with IL-13 or IL-4 stimulation of esophageal epithelial cells under culture conditions that allow the cells to differentiate into a stratified epithelium. This work corroborates a candidate molecular mechanism for EoE disease etiology in which the risk variant at 2p23 dampens CAPN14 expression in differentiated esophageal epithelial cells following IL-13/STAT6 induction of CAPN14 promoter activity.
Lietuvos moterų veikla 1988–1992 metais: iššūkiai ir galimybės
Authors: Jurėnienė Virginija , Ibianskienė Justė 
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
This article studies the activities and the societal role of Lithuanian women during the years of 1988 to 1992 based on the relevant periodic press and the memoirs of contemporaries. An analysis of certain organizations, such as the gathering of Catholic women “Caritas,” the Lithuanian Women’s Movement, the Women’s Revival Union, the Lithuanian Women’s Union, the Women’s Union of the Families of the Officers of Lithuanian Grand Duchess Birutė and the Lithuanian University Women Association, presented an overview of the activities of organizations from 1988 to 1992. The article assesses the circumstances of the inception of the aforementioned organizations, their benefits to society and their value both to the participants and to the public.
Drop out Factors in Data Literacy and Research Data Management Survey: Experiences from Lithuania and Finland
Authors: Rudžionienė Jurgita , Grigas Vincas , Enwald Heidi , Kortelainen Terttu 
Published: January 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of factors that affect the respondents to drop out of an already started survey on research data management. We decided to take a questionnaire on data management survey at Vilnius University and Oulu University implemented in 2017 as a case study. The data for the analysis was collected using the questionnaire, which was used in multinational research for Data Literacy and Research Data Management, performed by a group of researchers in more than ten countries, initiated by Serap Kurbanoğlu and Joumana Boustany. This paper describes the analysis of 1 185 survey samples, of which 515 were unfinished and 670 finished in both universities. For the analysis of the data, we used Framework for Web Survey Participation created by Andy Peytchev (2009). The collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 19 with descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The most significant factors on deciding not to finish the survey were the length of the survey, the scientific field, experience, age and the topic of the survey. No statistically significant difference was measured between those who finished the survey and unfinished evaluating the data by gender and job position. An important factor in not finishing the survey was the design of the survey.
Oscaro Lewiso skurdo kultūra: kritika ir plėtotė
Authors: Gajdosikienė Indrė 
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
In this article the concept of the culture of poverty as defined by Oscar Lewis, and its critique was reviewed, and methodologies for exploring adaptation to poverty suggested. Lewis described the culture of poverty as a way of life, clusters of traits of some of poor people, that develop as an adaptation to living in poverty in a capitalist society, and from then are passed through generations. Lewis came to this idea from his Marxist background. The wording of the concept, however, was not very successful, as reflected by the number of misunderstandings and criticisms. Some of them, though, rise from a different understanding of culture.The theory behind the Lewis’ concept was not developed well. The concept soon gained popularity among politicians and wider audience, but was largely discarded in the intellectual circles. The researchers, who tried to check the culture of poverty hypotheses, also came to ambiguous conclusions. It was partly due to the vagueness of the definition of the concept, and partly because of the research methods used. The idealistic model of culture as consensus, because of the separation of “what is in the mind” vs. traits, behaviors, way of life etc., could be a clearer way to understand and analyze some of the poverty issues, especially when poverty is defined by consensus. However, for those interested in the issue of poverty, it would require a connection with other, more “materialist” variables in order to understand and explain the issue more fully: the idea of adaptation to the long-term deprivations can help to understand the behavior of people living in poverty better.
Bogotá entre Marcel Poëte y Le Corbusier. La ciudad de Carlos Martínez
Authors: Arango Lopez Diego 
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la tesis doctoral de Carlos Martínez, titulada Contribution à une étude d’urbanisation de Bogotá, Colombie. Para esto, se propone una lectura crítica del documento, en la cual, se toman en cuenta tanto sus bases epistemológicas, como su propuesta metodológica. Así, el artículo se divide en tres partes. En primer lugar, se estudian las características principales de la argumentación de Martínez, haciendo hincapié en la estructura y en los objetivos principales de su texto. Luego, se hace énfasis en su aproximación epistemológica a la noción de historia en la disciplina del urbanismo, resaltando la tensión teórica que se genera entre los planteamientos de Poëte y de Le Corbusier. Por último, se sitúa la propuesta de Martínez en la configuración profesional e histórica colombiana.
La retirada de la presencia. Lenguaje y negatividad en la filosofía de Maurice Blanchot
Authors: Torres Sánchez Rayiv David 
Published: January 2019

Se analiza la relación entre la escritura y la presencia en la obra de Maurice Blanchot, se delimita el fundamento textual de la presencia en el orden de la literatura y se toman como referentes teóricos los conceptos de “espacio literario” y “pensamiento del afuera” de Michel Foucault. Si bien el propósito de examinar dicha relación es deconstruir el vínculo entre presencia y lenguaje, Blanchot conduce a considerar esa continuidad en términos de una presencia nunca completa ni devenida que se conserva como una discontinuidad, una promesa y una ausencia que deben preservarse
Lecturas ecocríticas de clásicos ingleses: de Macbeth a El Señor de los Anillos
Authors: Bravo Gaviro Ana 
Published: January 2019

This paper proposes ecocritical readings of three classics of English literature, Macbeth,Water Babies andChronicles of Narnia. First, the bases of the ecocritical analysis are described, underlining the importance of multiple ontologies. Secondly, the selection of texts is justi ed, and in the three works the presence of guardian spirits of Nature is checked from a prosopographic analysis of the different characters, in order to delimit the af nities and diffeences and make the underlying patterns visible. The importance of these narrative patterns and the importance of the folkloric hypotext in the three cases is concluded, and some didactic possibilities are suggested.
Osmanlı Modernleşmesi Sürecinde Bir Kimlik Tasavvuru: İslâmcılık
Authors: KOÇ Yunus 
Published: January 2019

Batı modernleşmesi
karşısında 18.yy’dan sonra zayıflayan Osmanlı Devleti, eski gücünü yeniden
tesis etmek için bir takım siyasal reflekslere başvurmuştur. Osmanlı
Devleti’nin tercih ettiği siyasal reflekslerden biri de İslâmcılık olmuştur.
Tam da bu noktada Batı’ya karşı Osmanlı’nın tebciline ve terakkisine imkân sağlamak
amacıyla başvurulan İslâmcılık ile nasıl bir kimlik tasavvurunda bulunulduğu,
tasavvur edilmesi düşünülen bu kimliğin ne tür kimliklerin tahayyül edilmesine
neden olduğu, tasavvur edilmesi
düşünülen kimliğin inşasının nasıl gerçekleştirilmeye çalışıldığı ve İnşa
edilmek istenen kimliğin kuramsal tartışmasının nasıl yapılacağı önem arz
etmektedir. Bu öneme binaen çalışmada, İslâmcılık kimliğinin nasıl inşa
edilmeye çalışıldığı, inşa edilmek istenen kimliğin mahalli ve dini kimliklerin
tahayyülüne nasıl neden olduğu ve bu kimliğin milli kimlik teorilerinden
etno-sembolcü yaklaşım açısından nasıl okunabileceği incelenecektir.
1927 Nüfus Sayımına Göre Bayazıt Vilayetinin Nüfusu
Authors: TUNÇ Bilal , DEMİR Ömer 
Published: January 2019

29 Ekim 1923 tarihinde Cumhuriyet ilan
edildiğinde Anadolu’daki mevcut olan nüfusu bir bütünlük içerisinde ortaya
çıkarmak amacıyla olması gereken düzenli çıktığı yıllarda ülke nüfusunun modern
usullerle belirlenmesi önemli bir durum arz etmekteydi. Bu nedenle, 1927 yılında
yapılan nüfus sayımı, ülke nüfusunun potansiyel yapısını ve özelliğini ortaya
çıkarması açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızdaki amaç,
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilanından sonra yapılan ilk nüfus sayımının
neticelerinde BayazıtVilâyeti’nin nüfus yapısını birçok yönüyle ortaya
çıkarmaktır. Bilhassa 1927 Nüfus Sayımı sonucunda Bayazıt nüfusu hakkında başta
yaş yapısı olmak üzere; okuryazar sayısı, meslek grupları, dini inançlar,
kullanılan diller ve buradaki halkın engellilik durumu gibi konularda birçok
bilgiler elde edilmiştir. Bu bilgiler incelenirken, karşılaştırma yapmak
amacıyla Bayazıt nüfusunun Osmanlı İmparatorluğu dönemindeki verileri de
incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada yöntem
olarak başta Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu verilerinden istifade edilmiş, ardından
da konuyla alakalı olarak arşiv belgeleriyle araştırma ve inceleme eserleri
incelenerek eser ortaya konulmuştur.
E-Learning in Theory, Practice, and Research
Authors: Janelli Maria 
Published: January 2019

The article begins by defining e-learning as the use of technology for teaching and learning. Noting that there is no unified theory of e-learning, this article reviews the major theoretical frameworks to date—behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, digital media theory, and active learning theory—to suggest a common sphere of interests and a common vocabulary that differentiates it from traditional modes of learning. The article then turns to a practical case study of e-learning, a MOOC on the Coursera platform created by the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. The case study demonstrates both how learning theory afford a template to guide MOOC creation, and how testing can reach beyond content assessment mastery to offer a laboratory for e-learning study.
BALIKESİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ PREKLİNİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SİGARA KULLANIM ALIŞKANLIKLARININ VE SİGARAYA BAĞLI ORTAYA ÇIKAN SAĞLIK SORUNLARI HAKKINDAKİ BİLGİ DÜZEYLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KUZUCUOĞLU Mustafa 
Published: January 2019

Amaç
Balıkesir Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 1, 2, 3. sınıf öğrencilerinin
sigara kullanım alışkanlıkları, sigaraya bağlı
meydana gelebilecek hastalıklar hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri
ve tıp fakültesi hakkındaki düşüncelerini değerlendirmeyi
amaçladık.
Materyal Metod
Çalışmada Balıkesir Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dönem
1, 2, 3 öğrencilerine 30 soruluk anket uygulandı. Elde
edilen veriler SPSS 15 programı kullanılarak Ki kare
yöntemi ile istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Yapılan
analizlerde p değeri 0,05’in altında olanlar anlamlı olarak
kabul edildi.
Bulgular
Çalışmamıza katılan 152 öğrencinin 87’si kadın, 65’i
erkek olup yaş ortalaması 19,85 idi. Dönemlerine
göre dağılımlarına bakıldığında çalışmaya katılanların
26’sı (%17.1) dönem 1, 70’i(%46.1) dönem 2 ve
56’sı(%36,8) dönem 3 öğrencisi idi. Çalışmaya katılan
öğrenciler arasında sigara içme oranı %13,8 olarak
tespit edildi. Cinsiyete göre karşılaştırıldığında erkek
öğrencilerin kadınlara göre anlamlı olarak daha fazla
sigara içtikleri tespit edildi (p:0,031). Yine çalışmamızda
ev arkadaşları ile birlikte yaşayan öğrencilerin
sigara içme oranı diğer öğrencilere kıyasla anlamlı
olarak daha yüksek bulundu (p:0,002). Öğrencilerin
%85,5’inin tıp fakültesine isteyerek geldiği anlaşıldı.
İstemeyerek gelen öğrencilerin sigara içme oranı
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde yüksek bulundu
(p:0,016) Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilere pasif içiciliğe
maruz kalıp kalmadıkları sorulduğunda sigara içen öğrenciler
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda pasif içiciliğe
maruz kalmadıkları düşüncesindeydiler (p:0,041)
Sonuç: Tıp öğrencileri içerisinde eğitimin getirdiği zorluklar,
yaşadıkları yer ve ortam ile tıp fakültesini istemeyerek
seçme durumu sigara kullanımını arttırmaktadır.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BELAJAR FISIKA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER BERBANTUAN EDMODO
Authors: Fadila Nurul 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The research problem is the low level of student learning independence in learn-ing physics that have an impact on the low student learning outcomes. The purpose of this study was to find out the improvement of the independence of learning physics that has an impact on student learning outcomes using cooperative learning model of Numbered Head Together type assisted edmodo. This research use quasi-experiment design. The population in the study was all students of class X SMK N 2 Medan. The research sample consisted of 2 classes, each of which consisted of 30 students, use cluster random sampling technique. Data collection techniques for measure learning independence in form of multiple choice questionnaires totaling 15 items. Data analysis techniques used include normality test, homogeneity test, t-test, and N-gain test. The re-sults of study using the t-test obtained by tcount 4,863 while the t table was 2,002. So that t count> t table (4.863> 2.002) then Ha is accepted and the N-gain test shows that there is an increase in student learning independence of 0.07. From this study it can be concluded that through Edmodo assisted type Numbered Head Together cooperative learning model can increase the independence of students' physics learning. Abstract. Latarbelakang masalah penelitian ini adalah rendahnya tingkat kemandirian belajar siswa dalam pelajaran fisika yang berdampak pada rendahnya hasil belajar siswa. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemandirian belajar fisika yang berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together berbantuan edmodo. Penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperiment design. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 2 Medan. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 2 kelas, yang masing-masing berjumlah 30 siswa, menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data untuk mengukur kemandirian belajar berupa kuesioner angket pilihan berganda yang berjumlah 15 item. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan meliputi uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji-t, dan uji N-gain. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji-t diperoleh thitung sebesar 4,863 sedangkan ttabel sebesar 2,002. Sehingga thitung > ttabel (4,863 > 2,002) maka Ha diterima dan uji N-gain menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan kemandirian belajar siswa sebesar 0,07. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Numbered Head Together berbantuan edmodo dapat meningkatkan kemandirian belajar fisika siswa.
EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN LMS SCHOOLOGY PADA MATAKULIAH COMPUTER APPLICATION
Authors: Wakhidah Rokhimatul , Maftuh Moh Farid 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This research aimed to determine the evaluation of learning outcomes that have used LMS Schoology in the learning process compared to the previous semester on Computer Ap-plication Course that has not been using LMS. The evaluation is seen from the ability of lecturers in the use of LMS Schoology, to know the ability of students in the use of LMS Schoology, and to know the communication activity of lecturers and students in LMS Schoology. LMS Schoology is used as part of the blended learning model, which is collaborate class learning with online learn-ing. The research used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection tool was questionnaire is given to students who have used LMS Schoology. The study was conducted on English Language Students of 2nd Semester year academic 2016/2017. Data analysis technique used in analyzing questionnaire score is by calculating the percentage of the answer. As a basis for decision making on the assessment of the use of LMS Schoology, the qualification criteria adapted from Arikunto were used. The results showed that lecturers have been able to use the basic features of LMS. Stu-dents are able to use the features of downloading material and uploading tasks. Lecturers who also act as observer and researcher still have not maximized some of the existing features provided by the LMS. The lecturers and students were less active as lecturer still use direct communication rather than communication through news update on LMS. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui evaluasi hasil pembelajaran yang telah menerapkan LMS Schoology di dalam proses pembelajaran dibandingkan dengan matakuliah Computer Application semester sebelumnya yang belum menggunakan LMS. Evaluasi yang di-maksud dilihat dari kemampuan dosen dalam penggunaan LMS Schoology, untuk mengetahui kemampuan mahasiswa dalam penggunaan LMS Schoology, dan untuk mengetahui keaktifan komunikasi dosen dan mahasiswa di dalam LMS Schoology. LMS Schoology digunakan sebagai bagian dari model pembelajaran blended learning, yaitu pembelajaran di kelas yang memadukan dengan pembelajaran online. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Alat pengum-pul data berupa angket yang diberikan kepada mahasiswa yang telah menggunakan LMS Schoolo-gy. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap Mahasiswa Bahasa Inggris Semester 2 TA 2016/2017. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam menganalisis skor angket yaitu dengan menghitung persentase jawaban. Sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan tentang penilaian penggunaan LMS Schoology, digunakan kriteria kualifikasi yang diadaptasi dari Arikunto. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosen sudah mampu menggunakan fitur dasar LMS. Mahasiswa mampu menggunakan fitur mengunduh materi dan mengunggah tugas. Keaktifan dosen dan mahasiswa masih kurang karena dosen masih menggunakan komunikasi secara langsung daripada melalui pembaruan kabar melalui LMS.