bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of growth performance and parameters of intestinal function in liquid fed early weanling pigs1
Authors: Jiang Junjie , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , He Jun , Yu Jie , Mao Xiangbing , Huang Zhiqing , Luo Yuheng , Luo Junqiu , Zheng Ping 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Liquid feeding, a widely used technique, has been applied as a feeding technique commonly in global swine production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of liquid feeding on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal barrier functions during the early weaning period in pigs. Three hundred and sixty 24-d-old weanling pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with BW of 6.98 ± 0.15 kg were randomly assigned to a control diet (dry fed basal diet, CON) or as meal mixed with water in the ratio 1:4 (liquid fed basal diet, LF) with 6 replicates per treatment and 30 weanling pigs per replicate. The study lasted 7 d. On days 4 to 7, fresh fecal samples were collected to evaluate apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients. After 7 d, 2 weanling pigs per pen were euthanized and physiological samples were obtained. Results showed that LF increased (P < 0.05) ADG (281 g vs. 183 g), ADFI (374 g vs. 245 g), and final BW (8.95 kg vs. 8.26 kg) compared with CON. Compared with CON, LF significantly decreased (P < 0.05) serum cortisol and d-lactate concentrations as well as the activity of diamine oxidase, enhanced (P < 0.05) the ATTD of ether extract and ash, increased (P < 0.05) the activities of amylase, lipase, and lactase in the jejunal mucosa. Furthermore, LF had higher (P < 0.05) villus height and villi height:crypt depth and increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expressions of insulin-like growth factors-1 receptor (IGF-1R), claudin-2 (CLDN-2), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) in the jejunum. Moreover, LF had lower (P < 0.05) abundances of total bacteria and Escherichia coli and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid in cecal digesta. Altogether, the results indicated that liquid feeding not only promoted growth performance but also improved intestinal health by enhancing gut barrier functions in weanling pigs.
Two new species of freshwater crabs of the genus Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamonautidae) from the forests of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Daniels Savel R , Busschau Theo , Cumberlidge Neil 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTRecent taxonomic studies of forest habitats in South Africa have revealed the presence of three new species of freshwater crabs, suggesting that decapod diversity within the indigenous forest biome remain poorly documented. Surveys of the freshwater crabs of north eastern KwaZulu-Natal province produced a number of specimens from Ntendeka Wilderness Area (Ngome forest) and Nkandla and Ngoye forests that proved to belong to two new species following morphological and molecular analysis (mtDNA sequencing of three loci, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI). Two undescribed species, P. ntendekaensis sp. nov. and P. ngoyensis sp. nov. are described. The divergence time estimation of the new phylogeny for eastern and southern African freshwater crabs is discussed to illuminate biogeographic patterning and to understand factors responsible for cladogenesis.
The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Oncology Care Model Halfway Through: Perspectives from Diverse Participants
Authors: Kline Ronald M , Brown Michelle , Buescher Nikolas , Cox John , Horenkamp Elizabeth , Hoverman Russell , Neubauer Marcus , Oyer Randall , Rainey Anne Marie Fraley , Strawbridge Larisa 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Oncology Care Model (OCM) is a 5-year model developed and tested by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services that uses an episode-based payment model triggered by the receipt of chemotherapy to test if changing payment mechanisms, in conjunction with a requirement for enhanced patient services, can generate clinical transformation that will orient practices toward more patient-centered, high-value care to reduce expenditures and preserve or enhance quality of care for beneficiaries. The model is geographically diverse with practices in 34 states and encompasses practices ranging in size from 1 to more than 400 practitioners, with a multitude of business structures. Given these varied clinical and business environments, we believe that OCM-participating practices will have different opportunities and challenges as they work toward practice transformation, but they will likely share similarities with other practices in similar clinical and business settings. This commentary shares the experiences of four diverse groups participating in OCM—three practices and one network of practices—halfway through the model’s projected 5-year life cycle in the expectation that these experiences will be of value to other practices embarking toward patient-centered, high-value practice transformation.
Maximizing the power of deep extragalactic imaging surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Kemp T W , Dunlop J S , McLure R J , Schreiber C , Carnall A C , Cullen F 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present a new analysis of the potential power of deep, near-infrared, imaging surveys with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to improve our knowledge of galaxy evolution. In this work we properly simulate what can be achieved with realistic survey strategies, and utilize rigorous signal-to-noise ratio calculations to calculate the resulting posterior constraints on the physical properties of galaxies. We explore a broad range of assumed input galaxy types (&gt;20 000 models, including extremely dusty objects) across a wide redshift range (out to z ≃ 12), while at the same time considering a realistic mix of galaxy properties based on our current knowledge of the evolving population (as quantified through the Empirical Galaxy Generator). While our main focus is on imaging surveys with NIRCam, spanning $\lambda _{\mathrm{ obs}} = 0.8\!-\!5.0\, \mu$m, an important goal of this work is to quantify the impact/added-value of: (i) parallel imaging observations with MIRI at longer wavelengths, and (ii) deeper supporting optical/UV imaging with HST (potentially prior to JWST launch) in maximizing the power and robustness of a major extragalactic NIRCam survey. We show that MIRI parallel 7.7-$\mu$m imaging is of most value for better constraining the redshifts and stellar masses of the dustiest (AV &gt; 3) galaxies, while deep B-band imaging (reaching ≃ 28.5 AB mag) with ACS on HST is vital for determining the redshifts of the large numbers of faint/low-mass, z &lt; 5 galaxies that will be detected in a deep JWST NIRCam survey.
Reversible ADP-ribosylation of RNA
Authors: Munnur Deeksha , Bartlett Edward , Mikolčević Petra , Kirby Ilsa T , Rack Johannes Gregor Matthias , Mikoč Andreja , Cohen Michael S , Ahel Ivan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractADP-ribosylation is a reversible chemical modification catalysed by ADP-ribosyltransferases such as PARPs that utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor to transfer monomer or polymers of ADP-ribose nucleotide onto macromolecular targets such as proteins and DNA. ADP-ribosylation plays an important role in several biological processes such as DNA repair, transcription, chromatin remodelling, host-virus interactions, cellular stress response and many more. Using biochemical methods we identify RNA as a novel target of reversible mono-ADP-ribosylation. We demonstrate that the human PARPs - PARP10, PARP11 and PARP15 as well as a highly diverged PARP homologue TRPT1, ADP-ribosylate phosphorylated ends of RNA. We further reveal that ADP-ribosylation of RNA mediated by PARP10 and TRPT1 can be efficiently reversed by several cellular ADP-ribosylhydrolases (PARG, TARG1, MACROD1, MACROD2 and ARH3), as well as by MACROD-like hydrolases from VEEV and SARS viruses. Finally, we show that TRPT1 and MACROD homologues in bacteria possess activities equivalent to the human proteins. Our data suggest that RNA ADP-ribosylation may represent a widespread and physiologically relevant form of reversible ADP-ribosylation signalling.
SeqTailor: a user-friendly webserver for the extraction of DNA or protein sequences from next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Zhang Peng , Boisson Bertrand , Stenson Peter D , Cooper David N , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Abel Laurent , Itan Yuval 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Human whole-genome-sequencing reveals about 4 000 000 genomic variants per individual. These data are mostly stored as VCF-format files. Although many variant analysis methods accept VCF as input, many other tools require DNA or protein sequences, particularly for splicing prediction, sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and structure prediction. However, there is no existing webserver capable of extracting DNA/protein sequences for genomic variants from VCF files in a user-friendly and efficient manner. We developed the SeqTailor webserver to bridge this gap, by enabling rapid extraction of (i) DNA sequences around genomic variants, with customizable window sizes and options to annotate the splice sites closest to the variants and to consider the neighboring variants within the window; and (ii) protein sequences encoded by the DNA sequences around genomic variants, with built-in SnpEff annotator and customizable window sizes. SeqTailor supports 11 species, including: human (GRCh37/GRCh38), chimpanzee, mouse, rat, cow, chicken, lizard, zebrafish, fruitfly, Arabidopsis and rice. Standalone programs are provided for command-line-based needs. SeqTailor streamlines the sequence extraction process, and accelerates the analysis of genomic variants with software requiring DNA/protein sequences. It will facilitate the study of genomic variation, by increasing the feasibility of sequence-based analysis and prediction. The SeqTailor webserver is freely available at http://shiva.rockefeller.edu/SeqTailor/.
1989 At Thirty: A Recast Legacy*
Authors: Betts Paul 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
These days 1989 isn't what it used to be. Not so long ago the wildfire revolutions that swept across Eastern Europe during that momentous year were routinely celebrated as the grand victory of liberal democracy over Soviet-style communism. However, recent developments in Poland, Hungary and elsewhere on the continent which in various ways all invoked 1989, either as inspiration or negative foil, behove us to reconsider the effects of that fateful year in Central Europe from a different perspective. The rise of xenophobia, resurgent populist politics on both the Radical Right and the Left, as well as the spread of ‘illiberal democracy’ across Europe, the US and elsewhere have predictably generated great alarm. Plenty of commentary on the comeback of authoritarian anti-liberalism in Central Europe has claimed that we are witnessing a kind of ‘return of the repressed,’ a dangerous repudiation of the golden principles of 1989 three decades after the uprisings. But construing recent developments in Central Europe as simply an anti-1989 backlash does not get us very far, not least because the unrest of 1989 carried within it the seeds of illiberalism as well. With distance, the inheritance of the ‘revolutionary autumn’ appears more mixed and precarious, and much harder to classify than it once was. Like all revolutions, 1989 brought in its train a mixed bag of dreams and disappointments, stark ruptures and stubborn continuities, and this article revisits some of the grey and even darker tones of the inheritance.
Biological Function of Changes in RNA Metabolism in Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Stress
Authors: Matsui Akihiro , Nakaminami Kentaro , Seki Motoaki 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Plant growth and productivity are greatly impacted by environmental stresses. Therefore, plants have evolved various sophisticated mechanisms for adaptation to nonoptimal environments. Recent studies using RNA metabolism-related mutants have revealed that RNA processing, RNA decay and RNA stability play an important role in regulating gene expression at a post-transcriptional level in response to abiotic stresses. Studies indicate that RNA metabolism is a unified network, and modification of stress adaptation-related transcripts at multiple steps of RNA metabolism is necessary to control abiotic stress-related gene expression. Recent studies have also demonstrated the important role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating abiotic stress-related gene expression and revealed their involvement in various biological functions through their regulation of DNA methylation, DNA structural modifications, histone modifications and RNA–RNA interactions. ncRNAs regulate mRNA transcription and their synthesis is affected by mRNA processing and degradation. In the present review, recent findings pertaining to the role of the metabolic regulation of mRNAs and ncRNAs in abiotic stress adaptation are summarized and discussed.
The Age of Coumarins in Plant–Microbe Interactions
Authors: Stringlis Ioannis A , de Jonge Ronnie , Pieterse Corn� M J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Coumarins are a family of plant-derived secondary metabolites that are produced via the phenylpropanoid pathway. In the past decade, coumarins have emerged as iron-mobilizing compounds that are secreted by plant roots and aid in iron uptake from iron-deprived soils. Members of the coumarin family are found in many plant species. Besides their role in iron uptake, coumarins have been extensively studied for their potential to fight infections in both plants and animals. Coumarin activities range from antimicrobial and antiviral to anticoagulant and anticancer. In recent years, studies in the model plant species tobacco and Arabidopsis have significantly increased our understanding of coumarin biosynthesis, accumulation, secretion, chemical modification and their modes of action against plant pathogens. Here, we review current knowledge on coumarins in different plant species. We focus on simple coumarins and provide an overview on their biosynthesis and role in environmental stress responses, with special attention for the recently discovered semiochemical role of coumarins in aboveground and belowground plant–microbe interactions and the assembly of the root microbiome.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Group Acupuncture for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Among Diverse Safety Net Patients
Authors: Chao Maria T , Schillinger Dean , Nguyen Unity , Santana Trilce , Liu Rhianon , Gregorich Steve , Hecht Frederick M 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
Existing pharmacologic approaches for painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) are limited in efficacy and have side effects. We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of group acupuncture for PDN.

Design and Setting
We randomized patients with PDN from a public safety net hospital to 1) usual care, 2) usual care plus 12 weeks of group acupuncture once weekly, or 3) usual care plus 12 weeks of group acupuncture twice weekly.

Methods
The primary outcome was change in weekly pain intensity (daily 0–10 numerical rating scale [NRS] averaged over seven days) from baseline to week 12. We also assessed health-related quality of life and related symptoms at baseline and weeks 6, 12, and 18.

Results
We enrolled 40 patients with PDN (baseline pain = 5.3). Among participants randomized to acupuncture, 92% attended at least one treatment (mean treatments = 10.1). We observed no significant differences between once- vs twice-weekly acupuncture and combined those groups for the main analyses. Compared with usual care, participants randomized to acupuncture experienced greater decreases in pain during the 12-week intervention period (between-group differences from baseline = –2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = –3.01 to –1.10), but benefits were not maintained after acupuncture ended (baseline to week 18 = –0.61, 95% CI = –1.46 to 0.24). Quality of life improved for acupuncture participants (baseline to week 12 difference = 11.79, 95% CI = 1.92 to 21.66), but group differences were not significant compared with usual care (25.58, 95% CI = –3.90 to 55.06).

Conclusions
Group acupuncture is feasible and acceptable among linguistically and racially diverse safety net patients. Findings suggest clinically relevant reduction in pain from PDN and quality of life improvements associated with acupuncture, with no differences based on frequency.
Medicalised Battlefields: The Evolution of Military Medical Care and the ‘Medic’ in Japan
Authors: Harari Reut 
Published: April 2019

Summary
During the tumultuous Meiji era (1868–1912), medicine, war and the relationship between them changed significantly in Japan, in reaction to the expansion of western imperialism. During this era of reforms, which coincided with the rise of humanitarianism and the modernisation of international warfare, a new role emerged at the intersection of war and medicine: the medic. Medics were paradoxical figures, serving as soldiers whom the military trained to provide care but forbade to fight. The medic evolved continuously as army leaders and the army’s medical department repeatedly redefined it in light of knowledge obtained from abroad and of accrued wartime experience. This article explores how the role evolved out of discrepancies between learned, planned and encountered realities and argues that the invention and reinvention of the medic mirrored attempts to redefine not only medicine’s role in battle, but also medical care, where it was to be provided and by whom.
‘Solid foundations’: the advantages of using Guernsey Foundations for building a family office
Authors: Davidson Alasdair , Semlitsch Jasmin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Family office services are gaining ever-increasing popularity and traction across the global offshore financial centres. The key characteristics and distinctions of Guernsey’s foundation regime make it a particularly effective tool for wealthy individuals and their dedicated family offices to achieve an array of investment, succession planning, or philanthropic objectives. In this article, we explore how Guernsey foundations can cater for the desired levels of control, tailor the rights of beneficiaries, maintain confidentiality, and be used in new and innovative ways to enhance and complement wealth management structures.
Intracellular Demethylation of Methylmercury to Inorganic Mercury by Organomercurial Lyase (MerB) Strengthens Cytotoxicity
Authors: Takanezawa Yasukazu , Nakamura Ryosuke , Matsuda Haruki , Yagi Tomomi , Egawa Zen , Sone Yuka , Uraguchi Shimpei , Adachi Tatsumi , Kiyono Masako 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Some methylmercury (MeHg) is converted to inorganic mercury (Hg2+) after incorporation into human and animal tissues, where it can remain for a long time. To determine the overall toxicity of MeHg in tissues, studies should evaluate low concentrations of Hg2+. Although demethylation is involved, the participating enzymes or underlying mechanisms are unknown; in addition, the low cell membrane permeability of Hg2+ makes these analyses challenging. We established model cell lines to assess toxicities of low concentrations of Hg2+ using bacterial organomercury lyase (MerB). We engineered MerB-expressing HEK293 and HeLa cell lines that catalyze MeHg demethylation. These cells were significantly more sensitive to MeHg exposure compared to the parental cells. MeHg treatment remarkably induced metallothioneins (MTs) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) mRNAs and modest expression of superoxide dismutase 1, whereas catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 mRNAs were not up-regulated. merB knockdown using small interfering RNA supported the induction of MT and HMOX-1 mRNA by MerB enzymatic activity. Pretreatment with Trolox, a water-soluble vitamin E analog, did not inhibit MeHg-induced elevation of MT-Ix and HMOX-1 mRNAs in MerB-expressing cells, suggesting that Hg2+ works independently of reactive oxygen species generation. Similar results were obtained in cells expressing MerB, suggesting that high MTs and HMOX-1 induction and cytotoxicity are common cellular responses to low intracellular Hg2+ concentrations. This is the first study to establish cell lines that demethylate intracellular MeHg to Hg2+ using bacterial MerB for overcoming the low membrane permeability of Hg2+ and exploring the intracellular responses and toxicities of low Hg2+ concentrations.
The significance of the qualifying declarations under the Cape Town Convention
Authors: Traschler Thomas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article outlines and critically examines the relationship between the qualifying declarations and the economic advantages of the Cape Town Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment. It shows that the qualifying declarations operate rather differently from how they are perceived in academic literature and practice. Specifically, the article shows that the critical advantage of the Convention and the qualifying declaration is the potential to reduce enforcement risk relating to different States in a specific transactional setting and not, as some observers might wrongly perceive, from the Cape Town Discount. Thus, if States are not prepared to make the qualifying declarations, this should not deter them from ratifying the Convention and the Protocol. States and society may benefit from adoption of the Convention and its related protocols with partial—or even without—adoption of the qualifying declarations, bearing in mind of course the interdependency of the Convention’s remedies.
A Remorin from Nicotiana benthamiana Interacts with the Pseudomonas Type-III Effector Protein HopZ1a and is Phosphorylated by the Immune-Related Kinase PBS1
Authors: Albers Philip , Üstün Suayib , Witzel Katja , Kraner Max , Börnke Frederik 
Published: April 2019

The plasma membrane (PM) is at the interface of plant–pathogen interactions and, thus, many bacterial type-III effector (T3E) proteins target membrane-associated processes to interfere with immunity. The Pseudomonas syringae T3E HopZ1a is a host cell PM-localized effector protein that has several immunity-associated host targets but also activates effector-triggered immunity in resistant backgrounds. Although HopZ1a has been shown to interfere with early defense signaling at the PM, no dedicated PM-associated HopZ1a target protein has been identified until now. Here, we show that HopZ1a interacts with the PM-associated remorin protein NbREM4 from Nicotiana benthamiana in several independent assays. NbREM4 relocalizes to membrane nanodomains after treatment with the bacterial elicitor flg22 and transient overexpression of NbREM4 in N. benthamiana induces the expression of a subset of defense-related genes. We can further show that NbREM4 interacts with the immune-related receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase avrPphB-susceptible 1 (PBS1) and is phosphorylated by PBS1 on several residues in vitro. Thus, we conclude that NbREM4 is associated with early defense signaling at the PM. The possible relevance of the HopZ1a–NbREM4 interaction for HopZ1a virulence and avirulence functions is discussed. [Formula: see text]Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .