bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glikojen Depolarının ve Sıvı Besin Alımının Egzersiz Sırasında Yağ ve Karbonhidrat Kullanımına Etkisi
Authors: Bulut Süleyman , Turnagöl Hüsrev 
Published: January 2019

Amaç: Açlık durumunun yağ metabolizmasını aktive ettiği iyi bilinmektedir. Bunun yanında son yıllarda, egzersize düşük kas glikojen depoları ile başlamanın normal duruma göre yağ metabolizmasını daha iyi aktive ettiği ve antrenmana daha fazla adaptasyon sağladığı ile ilgili çalışmalar artmıştır. Bu çalışma, düşük kas glikojen depoları ile egzersiz yapılmasının yağ metabolizmasını daha fazla etkileyip etkilemediğini test etmek için planlanmış ve yapılmıştır.
Bireyler ve Yöntem: Araştırmaya 9 erkek, triatlon sporcusu katılmıştır. Bir hafta ara ile, kahvaltıda sıvı besin verilen veya aç (1 gece) durumda egzersiz denemeleri dengeli randomize, çapraz dizaynda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma öncesi tüm katılımcılar VO2 zirve ve zirve güç değerlerinin belirlenmesi için VO2 zirve testine katılmışlardır. Katılımcılar her iki durumda (Sıvı besin Egzersiz: SE1, SE2 ve Aç Egzersiz: AE1, AE2) %70 VO2 zirve’de 60 dk süren iki egzersiz denemesini 1 saat dinlenme aralığı ile yapmışlardır. Böylece ikinci egzersiz denemelerinin düşük kas glikojeni ile yapılması hedeflenmiştir.
Bulgular: Toplam yağ oksidasyonu, SE1-SE2 (13.4±6.7 g/60 dk ve 23.9±7.6 g/60 dk, p<0.001) ve SE1-AE2 (13.4±6.7 g/60 dk ve 27.4±6.0 g/60 dk, p=0.002) egzersizleri arasında anlamlı derecede artmıştır.
Sonuç: Bu araştırma kapsamında bir gece açlık sonrası düşük kas glikojen depoları ile yapılan egzersizin sıvı besin alınan durumda yapılana göre yağ metabolizmasının arttırılmasında daha fazla bir etkinliğinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, yağ metabolizmasındaki etkinliği arttıran esas belirleyici etmenin karaciğer glikojen depolarından çok kas glikojen depolarınının seviyesi olduğunu göstermektedir.
معوقات السياسة النقدية وبرامج الإصلاح الاقتصادي لواقع الاقتصاد العراقي
Authors: جواد سجى فاضل 
Published: January 2019

أن السياسة النقدية في العراق لم تشهد تحسناً كبيراً في دورها المطلوب منها، وهذا يعود الى جملة من التغيرات على أدائها ودورها في التأثير على المتغيرات الأقتصادية المهمة، اذ حصلت ظروف صعبة على المستوى السياسي والأقتصادي اسهمت في أضعاف دورها في العراق. فالحروب العسكرية الثلاثة في وقت قياسي دمرت البنى التحتية للأقتصاد العراقي، وأخرت عملية التنمية الأقتصادية والبشرية لعدة عقود بسبب الأستنزاف الكبير للموارد الطبيعية والبشرية والتي كانت يتمتع بها العراق والحصار الأقتصادي في أوائل التسعينات أوقع العراق في مشاكل اقتصادية وأجتماعية جمة منها. على سبيل الذكر الفساد الأدارى والمالي وضياع فرص الاستثمار وظهور المضاربات والأسواق الموازية، وتغير النظام السياسي في نيسان 2003 والغاء التشريعات والقوانين التي تحكم على السياسة النقدية بالتبعية لقرارات الدولة المركزية.
وبقدر تعلق الأمر بالسياسة النقدية فأن دورها كان مهماً في تقليل شدة الأختلالات أذ أستخدم البنك المركزي الأدوات المتاحة له بالتنسيق مع الوزارات المختصة الى جانب أعادة هيكلة الجهاز المصرفي وإعطاء دور للقطاع المصرفي الخاص والمختلط.
ولكن ما زالت هناك أمكانية وضرورة تبني أجراءات تغيير أستخدام بعض أدواته المباشرة وغير المباشرة لتحقيق الهدف المنشود وتعميق دوره كمستشار للدولة في الأمور الصيرفية والمالية والأجتماعية لتأمين الأنسجام الأمثل بين مهمته والسياسة العليا للدولة.
Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors
Authors: Abels Claudio , Qualtieri Antonio , Lober Toni , Mariotti Alessandro , Chambers Lily D , De Vittorio Massimo , Megill William M , Rizzi Francesco 
Published: January 2019

Background:Flow stimuli in the natural world are varied and contain a wide variety of directional information. Nature has developed morphological polarity and bidirectional arrangements for flow sensing to filter the incoming stimuli. Inspired by the neuromasts found in the lateral line of fish, we present a novel flow sensor design based on two curved cantilevers with bending orientation antiparallel to each other. Antiparallel cantilever pairs were designed, fabricated and compared to a single cantilever based hair sensor in terms of sensitivity to temperature changes and their response to changes in relative air flow direction.Results:In bidirectional air flow, antiparallel cantilever pairs exhibit an axially symmetrical sensitivity between 40 μV/(m s−1) for the lower air flow velocity range (between ±10–20 m s−1) and 80 μV/(m s−1) for a higher air flow velocity range (between ±20–32 m s−1). The antiparallel cantilever design improves directional sensitivity and provides a sinusoidal response to flow angle. In forward flow, the single sensor reaches its saturation limitation, flattening at 67% of the ideal sinusoidal curve which is earlier than the antiparallel cantilevers at 75%. The antiparallel artificial hair sensor better compensates for temperature changes than the single sensor.Conclusion:This work demonstrated the successive improvement of the bidirectional sensitivity, that is, improved temperature compensation, decreased noise generation and symmetrical response behaviour. In the antiparallel configuration, one of the two cantilevers always extends out into the free stream flow, remaining sensitive to directional flow and preserving a sensitivity to further flow stimuli.
ALMA Observations of the Molecular Gas in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 3557
Authors: Vila-Vilaro Baltasar , Espada Daniel , Cortes Paulo , Leon Stephane , Pompei Emanuela , Cepa Jordi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present the results of CO interferometric observations of the southern elliptical galaxy NGC 3557 with ALMA. We have detected both the CO(1–0) emission line and a relatively strong continuum at 3 mm. The continuum shows a flat-spectrum central unresolved source (at our angular resolution of 0.″7) and two jets, associated with the larger-scale emission observed at lower frequencies. The molecular gas in NGC 3557 appears to be concentrated within 250 pc of the center, and shows evidence of organized rotation along the same axis as the stellar component and the symmetry axis of the nuclear dust absorption reported in the literature. We obtained

of molecular gas, which has an average CO(2–1) to CO(1–0) line ratio of 0.7, which is relatively high when compared with the values reported in the literature for bona fide ellipticals observed with single-dish telescopes. NGC 3557 shows further a high excitation peak (i.e., CO(2–1)/CO(1–0) ≈ 1.1 ± 0.3) offset 0.″7 from the center, which appears to be associated with a region of higher velocity dispersion that does not share the overall rotation pattern of the molecular gas, but aligned with the radio jet. The molecular gas disk in this object appears to be stable to local gravitational instabilities.
Whistler Wave Generation by Halo Electrons in the Solar Wind
Authors: Tong Yuguang , Vasko Ivan Y. , Pulupa Marc , Mozer Forrest S. , Bale Stuart D. , Artemyev Anton V. , Krasnoselskikh Vladimir 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present an analysis of simultaneous particle and field measurements from the ARTEMIS spacecraft, which demonstrates that quasi-parallel whistler waves in the solar wind can be generated locally by a bulk flow of halo electrons (whistler heat flux instability). ARTEMIS observes quasi-parallel whistler waves in the frequency range ∼0.05−0.2f

ce
simultaneously with electron velocity distribution functions that are a combination of counter-streaming core and halo populations. A linear stability analysis shows that the plasma is stable when there are no whistler waves, and it is unstable in the presence of whistler waves. In the latter case, the stability analysis shows that the whistler wave growth time is from a few to 10 seconds at frequencies and wavenumbers that match the observations. The observations clearly demonstrate that the temperature anisotropy of halo electrons crucially affects the heat flux instability onset: a slight anisotropy T
∥/T
⊥ > 1 may quench the instability, while a slight anisotropy T
∥/T
⊥ < 1 may significantly increase the growth rate. These results demonstrate that heat flux inhibition is strongly dependent on the microscopic plasma properties.
Ultralow-amplitude RR Lyrae Stars in M4
Authors: Wallace Joshua J. , Hartman Joel D. , Bakos Gáspár Á. , Bhatti Waqas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We report evidence for a new class of variable star, which we dub millimagnitude RR Lyrae (mmRR). From K2 observations of the globular cluster M4, we find that out of 24 horizontal branch stars not previously known to be RR Lyrae variables, two show photometric variability with periods and shapes consistent with those of first-overtone RR Lyrae variables. The variability of these two stars, however, has amplitudes of only one part in a thousand, which is ∼200 times smaller than for any RR Lyrae variable in the cluster, and much smaller than any known RR Lyrae variable generally. The periods and amplitudes are 0.33190704 day with 1.0 mmag amplitude, and 0.31673414 day with 0.3 mmag amplitude. The stars lie just outside the instability strip, one blueward and one redward. The star redward of the instability strip also exhibits significant multi-periodic variability at lower frequencies. We examine potential blend scenarios and argue that they are all either physically implausible or highly improbable. Stars such as these are likely to shed valuable light on many aspects of stellar physics, including the mechanism(s) that set amplitudes of RR Lyrae variables.
Le psychanalyste et son Surmoi (normal et pathologique)
Authors: Sedlak Vic 
Published: January 2019

La première partie de cet article passe en revue différentes manières d’envisager le concept de Surmoi, notamment en ce qui concerne sa genèse et ses fonctions. Il décrit deux théories générales du développement du Surmoi, l’une et l’autre ayant été introduites par Freud. La première considère que le Surmoi est essentiellement d’origine œdipienne ; la seconde lui reconnaît une origine plus précoce. En même temps, ces différents points de vue recouvrent la controverse relative à l’utilité du concept de pulsion de mort. L’auteur suggère qu’il est intéressant de faire la différence entre un Surmoi normal et pathologique et que ces deux modèles distincts de Surmoi sont implicites tant dans l’œuvre de Freud que de Klein. Les vues de Strachey (1934) sur la nature de l’effet mutatif du traitement psychanalytique sont brièvement examinées à la lumière de cette distinction. Il est fait l’hypothèse que Strachey aurait hésité à clarifier pleinement les implications de ses conceptions, notamment en ce qui concerne les difficultés qu’éprouve le psychanalyste à interpréter le transfert. L’auteur soutient que cette difficulté est liée à l’angoisse du psychanalyste de n’avoir pas pu suffisamment perlaborer le contre-transfert, notamment par rapport au fonctionnement de son propre Surmoi. Deux vignettes cliniques viennent illustrer ce point de vue. La dernière partie de l’article propose des commentaires sur le développement émotionnel du psychanalyste et la façon dont sa croissance en tant que psychanalyste impliquera un certain assouplissement de sa position analytique et une plus grande tolérance vis-à-vis de la prérogative du patient d’apporter dans la cure toute la palette de sa personnalité.
Learning Pain Assessment and Management: A Goal of the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium
Authors: Sherman Deborah Witt , Matzo Marianne LaPorte , Paice Judith A , McLaughlin Maureen , Virani Rose 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Relief of pain for patients requires that palliative care practitioners have knowledge and skill in both pain assessment and the use of pharmacologic and complementary therapies.
Method: Pain assessment and management and the teaching strategies suggested within the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium curriculum are presented.
Results: By addressing the pain experienced by patients with life-limiting illnesses and those at the end of life, the quality of care can be greatly improved. As a multidimensional phenomenon that relates to physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being, the relief of pain enhances the quality of life of patients and lessens the stress experienced by family caregivers.
Conclusion: The relief of pain and suffering is consistent with the philosophy and goals of nursing as a profession and is a nursing responsibility.
Challenges of Web-Based Education in Educating Nurses About Evidence-Based Acute Pain Management Practices for Older Adults
Authors: Schmitt Mary Belding , Titler Marita G , Herr Keela A , Ardery Gail 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Internet technology holds potential as a valuable educational tool, but several challenges continue to impede its use. This article describes the use of a web-based course to educate staff nurses regarding evidence-based acute pain management practices for older adults. Specific areas highlighted include: the steps involved in creating the webbased course; the materials and support required to disseminate the course; the challenges encountered in promoting use of the course; and responses to and evaluations of the course. The authors' experiences provide knowledge to assist other healthcare professionals on the use of a web-based course to educate staff nurses.
Educating Nurses for Leadership Roles
Authors: Heller Barbara R , Drenkard Karen , Esposito-Herr Mary Beth , Romano Carol , Tom Sally , Valentine Nancy 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
As a result of the growing shortage of nurses and the dramatically changing role of the front-line nurse manager, leadership education for nurses is of critical importance. The purpose of the project described in this article was to design, implement, and evaluate an innovative model of nursing leadership development for students enrolled in registered nurse to bachelor of science in nursing or registered nurse to master of science in nursing programs. A guided "action-learning" course was designed that focused on both core knowledge and experiential learning. The course was developed with the assistance of an advisory panel of prominent nurse leaders with expertise in administration, health policy, informatics, and nursing education. The prototype course was offered for the first time as an elective in Spring 2003. Evaluation data indicated that the course was considered valuable by students and with modifications suggested by students, faculty, and advisory panel members, the course would be offered regularly as part of the curriculum. Recommendations also included adapting course content to a continuing education format.
Teaching Cognitive Rehearsal as a Shield for Lateral Violence: An Intervention for Newly Licensed Nurses
Authors: Griffin Martha 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Recent literature defines lateral violence as nurses covertly or overtly directing their dissatisfaction inward toward each other, toward themselves, and toward those less powerful than themselves. Newly licensed nurses are an identified group that is vulnerable to lateral violence during their socialization to nursing practice. The use of cognitive rehearsal, an applied cognitive-behavioral technique, was used as an intervention and the theoretical underpinning for this study.
Method: Twenty-six newly licensed nurses hired by a large acute care tertiary hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, participated in an exploratory descriptive study. They were taught about lateral violence in nursing practice and the use of cognitive rehearsal techniques as a shield from the negative effects of lateral violence on learning and socialization. Small laminated cueing cards with written visual cues for the appropriate responses to the most common forms of lateral violence were provided. One year later, videotaped focus groups designed to collect qualitative data about the applied intervention were conducted.
Results: Twenty-six newly licensed nurses in three different focus groups were videotaped responding to six open-ended questions designed to elicit information on their experience with lateral violence, use of cognitive rehearsal as an intervention, and the overall socialization process.
Conclusions: Knowledge of lateral violence in nursing appeared to allow newly licensed nurses to depersonalize it, thus allowing them to ask questions and continue to learn. The learned cognitive responses helped them confront the lateral violence offender. Confrontation was described as difficult but resulted in the resolution of the lateral violence behavior. Overall, the retention rate in this study population was positively affected.
Teaming With Students and a Sacred Cow Contest to Make Changes in Nursing Practice
Authors: Leake Penny Y 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Many current nursing traditions and practices were developed over time by nurses who used a trial and error method of research. Nursing has passed along these practices through nursing education programs and in the policies and procedures established by hospitals. Do these practices have sound scientific principles behind their use, or are they just traditions that are difficult to change? This article explores the experience of one educator trying to make changes in the attitudes of students toward research and suggests how this process can be applied in the dayto-day practice of staff nurses.
Online Education: Needs Assessment for Faculty Development
Authors: Ali Nagia S , Hodson-Carlton Kay , Ryan Marilyn , Flowers James , Rose Mary Annette , Wayda Valerie 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
The rapidly evolving paradigm of technology-based education has increased the number of faculty teaching online. The role of faculty has changed from the traditional classroom instruction format to an online community of learning. Therefore, faculty development in online education becomes a critical component during this transitional period. A survey of faculty of the College of Applied Science and Technology in a midwestern university was conducted to identify their level of perceived expertise in online teaching and the priorities of areas to be addressed in faculty development sessions. Benner's five-stage sequential transformation from novice to expert was used to construct the questionnaire. Results showed that faculty who taught online perceived their level of expertise to range from advanced beginner to competent, whereas faculty who had not taught online were at the novice and advanced beginner levels. Redesigning and rethinking faculty roles emerged as the number one priority area to be addressed in continuing education sessions. Implications for faculty development for online education sessions are presented.
The Effects of a Theory-Based Training Program on Nurses' Self-Efficacy and Behavior for Smoking Cessation Counseling
Authors: Barta Sandra K , Stacy Richard D 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Background: Cigarette smoking continues to put Americans at risk for serious health consequences and early death. Nurses play an important role in disseminating smoking cessation interventions to patients in the hospital. However, nurses are not prepared for smoking cessation counseling.
Method: A quasi-experimental design was used. Fifteen nurses participated in the Clinical Practice Guideline "5 A's" brief intervention training program, completing a survey during three time periods.
Results: There were several statistically significant changes in the dependent variables for self-efficacy and behavior for smoking cessation counseling.
Conclusion: Results of this study support further research and theory-based training for nurses.
Corneal Aberrations and Visual Performance After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Applegate Raymond A , Howland Howard C , Sharp Richard P , Cottingham Andrew J , Yee Richard W 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Refractive surgery and videokeratography have allowed us to study the effects on visual performance of relatively large changes in corneal aberration structure induced by surgical changes in corneal shape.
METHODS: We quantified in one eye of nine normal and 23 radial keratotomy patients, the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) and corneal first surface wavefront variance for two artificial pupil sizes (3 and 7 mm). Contrast sensitivity was measured with sine-wave gratings at six spacial frequencies. Wavefront variance was derived from videokeratographs using Zernike polynomials.
RESULTS: For normals eyes there were no significant changes over time. For eyes that had radial keratotomy, there were significant pupil sizedependent changes. For the 3 mm pupil, there were significant surgery-induced changes in the corneal wavefront variance which became large (approximately 30 times preoperative values) at 7 mm. Significant correlated changes in AULCSF for the 7 mm pupil but not for the 3 mm pupil occurred immediately following surgery and remained.
CONCLUSIONS: Radial keratotomy, like photorefractive keratectomy, shifts the distribution of aberrations from third order dominance (coma-like aberrations) to fourth order dominance (sphericallike aberrations). Radial keratotomy-induced aberrations and loss in contrast sensitivity are reduced with increasing clear zone diameter. Radial keratotomy induces an increase in the optical aberrations of the eye and the increase for large pupils (7 mm) but not small (3 mm) is correlated to a decrease in contrast sensitivity. [J Retract Surg 1998;14:397-4071
Invisibilité des risques sanitaires et ambivalences des héritages industriels en Seine-Saint-Denis
Authors: Croisé Axelle , Sierra Alexis , Lysaniuk Benjamin 
Published: January 2019

L’histoire industrielle de la Seine-Saint-Denis a fortement marqué son territoire. Pourtant, ses traces, matérielles et immatérielles, sont menacées par les transformations urbaines, économiques, sociales et politiques du département et avec elles la mémoire des conditions sanitaires de travail. Le présent article analyse la visibilité d’une dégradation de la santé - immédiate ou plus tardive - des travailleurs et des riverains au regard des choix d’aménagement des anciens sites industriels. Dans un contexte où la Seine-Saint-Denis est déjà porteuse de nombreuses représentations négatives, nous constaterons que le « recyclage urbain » de ces sites tend à les valoriser (ou à valoriser le devenir du terrain) contribuant à rendre invisibles les conséquences sanitaires des activités productives - passées et présentes - dans le département.
Quand les savoirs font ressource : constructions sociales et intégrations territoriales.
Authors: Sérandour Audrey 
Published: January 2019

À partir du cas du lithium sud-américain, nous proposons une analyse du rôle des savoirs dans la construction d’une ressource et dans les dynamiques spatiales associées. Nous partons du constat que la multiplication des projets d’exploitation en Argentine, en Bolivie et au Chili s’accompagne d’une production croissante de savoirs universitaires sur le lithium de ces pays, sans toutefois que ces derniers soient mis à profit par les multinationales minières. En effet, celles-ci développent leurs propres savoirs à l’étranger, intégrant ainsi les gisements dans des réseaux mondiaux de mise en valeur de la ressource. L’hypothèse ici défendue est qu’à défaut de participer directement à l’exploitation du lithium, les savoirs produits dans le « triangle du lithium » jouent un rôle social et politique participant à l’intégration du gisement à d’autres échelles : régionale, nationale, locale.