bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Las redes sociales y su repercusión en el lenguaje de la población universitaria
Authors: Díaz Cjahua Claudia Desiré 
Published: May 2019

La tecnología y la globalización son fenómenos que han generado transformaciones en la forma de comunicarnos e interactuar con nuestro entorno, y la educación no es ajena a esta nueva realidad. Dentro de este contexto, las redes sociales en Internet han adquirido una gran relevancia debido a que existe también un uso generalizado de los dispositivos móviles. Cada vez es más difícil que los jóvenes puedan contar con la capacidad de discriminar su interacción en los entornos online y offline, lo cual, quiérase o no, repercute en el uso del lenguaje, creando nuevas formas de comunicación. En el presente artículo, se describe la incidencia del uso de las redes sociales en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje, así como en el ejercicio de las habilidades lingüísticas de los estudiantes universitarios.
Comparison of Nanoparticle and Surfactant Oil/Water-Emulsion Separation Kinetics
Authors: Gavrielatos I.. , Dabirian R.. , Mohan R.. , Shoham O.. 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Experimental observations, during oil–production operations, regarding the formation of oil/water emulsions stabilized by nanoparticles and surfactants, are presented. Similarities and differences between the two types of emulsions are discussed on the basis of acquired separation profiles, as well as respective fluid interfacial properties. A state–of–the–art portable dispersion–characterization rig (PDCR) was used to run the experiments, and a surveillance camera was deployed to monitor the emulsion separation kinetics. Commercial–grade mineral oil and distilled water were used as the test fluids. Silica nanoparticles of different wettabilities, as well as surfactants with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values, were deployed to investigate commonalities/differences between the surfactant– and nanoparticle–stabilized emulsions under ambient–temperature and –pressure conditions.
Separation profiles were analyzed, and similar behaviors between the corresponding surfactant and nanoparticle emulsions were observed for the 25%–water–cut case. For higher water cuts, however, the surfactant–stabilized emulsions were tighter than their nanoparticle counterparts, displaying much lower separation rates. In the most severe cases, the surfactants totally inhibited the oil–creaming process and oil remained trapped in the emulsion for several hours. Multiple emulsions (O/W/O) were observed in certain cases [for hydrophilic nanoparticles and lipophilic surfactants (Span® 80)]. On the basis of the aforementioned experimental observations, the presence of surfactants caused more–severe problems for the oil/water–separation process than did the presence of an equal concentration of nanoparticles. Pendant–drop measurements indicated that the surfactants significantly lowered the interfacial tension (IFT) between the oil and water, whereas the nanoparticles did not.
Finally, a literature model was used to predict separation profiles for the oil/water dispersions and evaluated by comparing the predictions with the acquired experimental data. Current research sets the benchmark for more–thorough investigations aimed at providing guidelines for a more efficient operation of separators that handle surfactant– or nanoparticle–stabilized emulsions and a better understanding of the related phenomena.
Theoretical Study in Estimating Mineral Compositions From Spectral Measurements With a Bayesian Approach
Authors: Park Se Un , Prange Michael D. 
Published: May 2019

Summary
We propose a systematic Bayesian method for inferring the mineral composition of rock samples from transmission Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. Currently available FTIR inversion methodologies depend on measuring pure minerals, using them within least-squares approaches with a hand-tuned noise model, and implementing ad hoc post-processing of the obtained solution. Within the proposed data-driven framework, we replaced these previous inversion approaches with the automatic training and estimation steps. In this approach, the linear operator, comparable with the FTIR spectral standards (FTIR spectra of end-members or pure minerals), is estimated or trained on a calibration set of rock samples for which the mineral composition has been accurately determined by other means in the laboratory. With this linear operator, we then quantify the spectral-noise covariance matrix from the calibration set, which forms the basis of our estimation of the Bayesian posterior uncertainty on a mineral-composition estimate. This quantification of uncertainty in mineral estimation is a novel feature that can be used as a reliability measure. The uncertainty also describes the correlation between estimates of mineral-weight fractions, indicating which pairs of minerals cannot be independently estimated. Our Bayesian model also addresses the uncertainty propagated from the estimated linear operator and thus captures a possible mismatch of the model parameter from the true operator (i.e., semiblindness of the model). We demonstrate the advantages of our approach by performing experiments with synthetic data.
Risk factors analysis: screening of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase producing Gram-negative isolates of burn infections from tertiary care hospital Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Haider Muhammad Hayat , Ain Noor Ul , Hussain Shahida , Abrar Samyyia , Asif Amina , Rasheed Farhan , Shareef Muhammad Umair , Mushtaq Ramza , Ali Muhammad Nauman , riaz saba 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Burnt patients are highly susceptible to invasion of multidrug resistant strains after the skin damage. The main objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of ESBLs producing Gram-negative in post-burn infections and its correlation with different risk factors (age, gender, socio-economic status, burns etiology etc.)

Methods

The descriptive case-series study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore’s Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Centre (JB & RSC) and the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (MMG), University of the Punjab, Lahore. The clinical specimens of wound swabs, biopsy, and blood were collected from 300 patients during 12th August, 2017 to 12th August 2018. The cephalosporins resistant Gram-negative isolates were further analyzed. The clinical history of burnt patients was recorded which included the age, gender, socio-economic status, residence, occupation, hospital stay, wards, burn degree, total burnt surface area (TBSA%), etiology of burn and other factors. CLSI guidelines 2017 were followed for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and ESBLs screening.

Results

Pseudomonas spp. were the most-frequently isolated 49.33% (n=74) followed by 22.67% (n=34) Klebsiella spp., and 20.00% (n=30) Acinetobacter spp., strains. Pseudomonas spp., were the most frequently isolated from burnt specimens 70 (46.67%) having a significant correlation (x2=24.11, p < 0.001). Community acquired infections were observed in 50.70% (n=76) and nosocomial infections in 49.30% (n=74) patients. Burnt people having the age of ≤ 29 years were found to be significantly associated with the MDR infections (x2=24.96, p = 0.003). Low socio-economic status, longer hospitalization and all other risk factors had non-significant correlation (p > 0.05). A large fraction of the isolates 86.00% (n=129) were not confirmed as ESBLs producers by phenotypic screening.

Conclusion

It has been concluded that Gram-negative MDR strains are rapidly causing infections in burnt patients and need to be properly alleviated. The high frequency of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas spp., was associated with the burn infections. The patients belonging to young age were significantly found to be infected by MDR strain after burns.
Predictors of Ischemic Events Secondary to Cervicocerebral Artery Dissection
Authors: Cheng Wenchao , Wang Yuhan , Lian Yajun , Zheng Yake , Shi Yinping , Wu Shouyi , Huang Zhi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objective: To identify the predictors of ischemic events secondary to cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD).
Methods: Consecutive patients with cervicocerebral artery dissection from 2010 to 2017 were registered as study subjects, who were classified as patients with and without ischemic events. Clinical data were collected prospectively, such as demographics, vascular risk factors, headache and neck pain, dissection site and laboratory test. A case-control study was performed to compare the clinical data between two groups.
Results: A total of 130 patients with cervicocerebral artery dissection were included, in which 70.0% (91/130) suffered from ischemic events, including 81 ischemic strokes and 10 transient ischemic attacks. There were 46.2% (42/91) and 25.6% (10/39) of the artery dissections located in the anterior circulation in the CAD patients with and without ischemic events respectively (p=0.029). The average level of HDL was (1.14±0.38) mmol/L in the CAD patients with ischemic events, and (1.28±0.48) mmol/L in the CAD patients without ischemic events (p=0.083). However, no significant differences were found in the other clinical data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between anterior circulation and ischemic events (OR=3.204, 95% CI 1.305-7.863, p=0.011) and HDL level was negatively correlated with ischemic events (OR=0.335, 95% CI 0.130-0.867, p=0.024) in CAD patients.
Conclusion: Ischemic events are common complications of cerebrovascular disease in CAD patients, especially for those with an artery dissection located in the anterior circulation and low serum HDL level.
Key Word: cervicocerebral artery dissection, ischemic event, HDL, anterior circulation, predictor
Effect of short-term blood pressure variability on functional outcome after intra-arterial treatment in acute stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion
Authors: Zhang Tianli , Li Weirong , Wang Xiaolong , Wen Chao , Zhou Feng , Gao Shengwei , Zhang Xiaodong , Lin Shiqin , Shi Jing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is advocated for acute ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion (LVO), but perioperative periods are challenging.This study investigated the relationship between post-EVT short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) and early outcomes in LVO patients.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 72 LVO patients undergoing EVT between June 2015 and June 2018. Hourly systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively) were recorded in the first 24 hours post-EVT. BPV were evaluated as standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and successive variation (SV) separately for SBP and DBP. Patients were categorized into favorable (mRS 0-2) and unfavorable (mRS 3-6) outcome groups based on 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores.
Results: For 58.3% patients with favorable outcomes, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT scores on admission were 14 and 8, respectively. The maximum SBP ([154.3±16.8] vs. [163.5±15.6], P=0.02), systolic CV ([8. 8%±2.0%] vs. [11.0%±1.8%], P<0.001), SV ([11.4±2.3] vs. [14.6±2.0], P<0.001), and SD ([10.5±2.4] vs. [13.8±3.9], P<0.001) were lower in patients with favorable outcomes. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, systolic SV (OR: 4.273, 95% CI: 1.030 to 17.727, P=0.045) independently predicted unfavorable prognosis (area under the curve = 0.868 [95% CI: 0.781 to 0.955, P<0.001]. Sensitivity and specificity were 93.3% and 73.8%, respectively, showing excellent value for 3-month-poor-outcome predictions.
Conclusions: Decreased maximum SBP and systolic CV, SV, and SD following intra-arterial therapies result in favorable 3-month outcomes. Systolic SV may be a novel predictor of functional prognosis in LVO patients.
Exome resequencing and GWAS for growth, ecophysiology, and chemical and metabolomic composition of wood of Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Guerra Fernando P. , Suren Haktan , Holliday Jason , Richards James H. , Fiehn Oliver , Famula Randi , Stanton Brian J. , Shuren Richard , Sykes Robert , Davis Mark F. , Neale David B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background:
Populus trichocarpa is an important forest tree species for the generation of lignocellulosic ethanol. Understanding the genomic basis of biomass production and chemical composition of wood is fundamental in supporting genetic improvement programs. Considerable variation has been observed in this species for complex traits related to growth, phenology, ecophysiology and wood chemistry. Those traits are influenced by both polygenic control and environmental effects, and their genome architecture and regulation are only partially understood. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) represent an approach to advance that aim using thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genotyping using exome capture methodologies represent an efficient approach to perform GWAS.

Results:
A GWAS using 461 P. trichocarpa clones, representing 101 provenances collected from Oregon and Washington, and 813K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified a variable number of significant SNPs in association with the assessed traits. Associated single-markers (q< 0.1) ranged from 3 to 110 per trait. The SNPs had a cumulative effect of up to 40.6% of the phenotypic variation of any given trait. Similarly, multiple-marker analyses detected between 16 and 291 significant windows for the phenotypes. The SNPs resided within genes that encode proteins belonging to different functional classes as well as in intergenic regions.

Conclusion:
SNP-markers within and proximal to genes associated with traits of importance for biomass production were detected. They contribute to characterize the genomic architecture of P. trichocarpa biomass required to support the development and application of marker breeding technologies.
Gene Set linkage analysis: a tool for interpreting the overall functional impacts of observed transcriptomic changes
Authors: Chen Pengcheng , Liang Xi , Li Yun , Wang Xiaoxuan , Chen Xin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

To date, the majority of software tools developed for high-level interpretation of transcriptomics data were based on annotation enrichment. These tools use existing biological concepts to describe the observed omics changes. However, if an observation cannot be accurately described by an existing concept, these tools can not report any term or will report very general terms (such as “biological process”, GO:0008150), which provides limited assistance for researchers to understand the data and design further investigation.

Results

We present the gene set linkage analysis (GSLA) tool for interpretation of the collective functional impacts of a set of changed genes. The GSLA algorithm relies on a functional association network to evaluate whether the observed omics changes collectively interfere with functions of known biological processes. Although an omics change may not be accurately described by an existing concept, its functional impact may still be described by well-established concepts. GSLA has been shown useful in several previous studies. It derived novel insights into high-level coordination of physiological processes, where conventional annotation enrichment-based tools did not provide similar insights. This standalone version of GSLA tool integrates interaction networks for four species (i.e., A. thaliana, D. melanogaster, H. sapiens and S. cerevisiae) and using four kinds of annotation gene sets (i.e., Gene Ontology, Reactome pathway, Panther pathway and Wikipathways) for each species.

Conclusions

The GSLA tool is designed to interpret the collective functional impacts of a set of changed genes. Its usefulness has been demonstrated in a series of previous researches analyzing transcriptomic changes. GSLA is freely available at https://github.com/synergy-zju/gsla.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals PrrAB-mediated control of metabolic, respiration, energy-generating, and dormancy pathways in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: MAARSINGH JASON D. , YANG SHANSHAN , PARK JIN G. , Haydel Shelley E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Mycobacterium smegmatis is a saprophytic bacterium frequently used a as a genetic surrogate to study pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The PrrAB two-component genetic regulatory system is essential in M. tuberculosis and represents an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) of an M. smegmatis ΔprrAB mutant was used to define the PrrAB regulon and provide insights into the essential nature of PrrAB in M. tuberculosis.

Results

RNA-seq differential expression analysis of M. smegmatis wild-type (WT), ΔprrAB mutant, and complementation strains revealed that during in vitro exponential growth, PrrAB regulates 683 genes, 62% of which are repressed in the WT background. Gene ontology and cluster of orthologous groups analyses showed that PrrAB regulates genes participating in ion homeostasis, redox balance, metabolism, and energy production. PrrAB induced transcription of dosR (devR), a response regulator gene that promotes latent infection in M. tuberculosis. Compared to the WT and complementation strains, the ΔprrAB mutant exhibited an exaggerated delayed growth phenotype upon exposure to potassium cyanide and respiratory inhibition. Gene expression profiling correlated with these growth deficiency results, revealing that PrrAB induces transcription of the high-affinity cytochrome bd oxidase genes under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. ATP synthesis was ~64% lower in the ΔprrAB mutant relative to WT strain, further demonstrating that PrrAB regulates energy production.

Conclusions

The M. smegmatis PrrAB two-component system regulates respiratory and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, potentially to provide tolerance against the dynamic environmental conditions experienced in its natural ecological niche. PrrAB positively regulates ATP levels during exponential growth, presumably through transcriptional activation of both terminal respiratory branches (cytochrome c bc1-aa3 and cytochrome bd oxidases), despite transcriptional repression of ATP synthase genes. Additionally, PrrAB positively regulates expression of the dormancy-associated dosR response regulator in an oxygen-independent manner, which may serve to fine-tune sensory perception of environmental stimuli associated with metabolic repression.
Identification of potential genes for resistance to tomato spotted wilt and leaf spots in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) through GWAS analysis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chu Ye , Dang Phat , Tang Yueyi , Li Jing , Jiang Tao , Clevenger Josh Paul , Ozias-Akins Peggy , Holbrook Corley , Wang Ming Li , Jacobson Alana , Campbell Howard , Hagan Austin , Chen Charles 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Tomato spotted wilt (TSW), early leaf spot (ELS), and late leaf spot (LLS) are three serious peanut diseases in the United States, causing tens of millions of dollars of annual economic losses. However, the genes underlying resistance to those diseases in peanut have not been well studied. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the three peanut diseases using Affymetrix version 2.0 SNP array with 120 genotypes mainly coming from the U.S. peanut mini core collection.

Results

A total of 87 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) from 10.2% to 24.1%, in which 41 QTLs are for resistance to TSW, 18 QTLs for ELS, and 28 QTLs for LLS. Among the 87 QTLs, there were six, four, and two major QTLs with PVE higher than 14.9% for resistance to TSW, ELS, and LLS, respectively. Of the 12 major QTLs, 10 were located on the B sub-genome and only 2 were on the A sub-genome, which suggested that the B sub-genome has more significantly resistance genomic regions than the A sub-genome. In addition, two genomic regions on linkage group B09 were found to provide significant resistance to both ELS and LLS. A total of 22 non-redundant candidate genes were identified significantly associated with diseases, which include 18 candidate genes for TSW, 3 candidate genes for both ELS and LLS, and 1 candidate gene for LLS, respectively.

Conclusions

Most candidate genes in the associated regions are known to be involved in immunity and defense response. The QTLs and candidate genes obtained from this study will be useful to breed peanut for resistances to the diseases.
Analysis of nifH DNA and RNA reveals a disproportionate contribution to nitrogenase activities by rare plankton-associated diazotrophs
Authors: Yang Qingsong , Dong Junde , Ahmad Manzoor , Ling Juan , Zhou Weiguo , Tan Yehui , Zhang Yuanzhou , Shen Dandan , Zhang Yanying 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Holobionts comprising nitrogen-fixing diazotrophs and phytoplankton or zooplankton are ubiquitous in the pelagic sea. However, neither the community structure of plankton-associated diazotrophs (PADs) nor their nitrogenase transcriptional activity are well-understood. In this study, we used nifH gene Illumina sequencing and quantitative PCR to characterize the total and active community structure of PADs in the euphotic zone of the northern South China Sea. The results of DNA- and RNA-derived nifH gene revealed a higher alpha-diversity in the active than in the total community. Moreover, the compositional resemblance among different sites was less for active than for total communities of PADs. Eight of the 20 abundant OTUs were phylogenetically affiliated with Trichodesmium and occurred in approximately equal proportion in both the DNA and RNA libraries. The analysis of nifH gene expression level showed uneven attribute of the abundance and nitrogenase activities by the remaining 12 OTUs. Taxa belonging to cluster III and Betaproteobacteria were present at moderate abundance but exhibited negligible nitrogenase transcription activity. Whereas, the abundances of Richelia, Deltaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were low but the contribution of these groups to nitrogenase transcription was disproportionately high. The substantial variation in community structure among active dizatrophic fractions compared to the total communities suggests that the former are better indicators of biological response to environmental changes. Altogether, our study highlights the importance of rare PADs groups in nitrogen fixation in plankton holobionts, evidenced by their high level of nitrogenase transcription.