bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Energetics of Molecular Adaptation in Transcriptional Regulation
Authors: Chure Griffin , Razo-Mejia Manuel , Belliveau Nathan M. , Einav Tal , Kaczmarek Zofii A. , Barnes Stephanie L. , Lewis Mitchell , Phillips Rob 
Published: May 2019

Mutation is a critical mechanism by which evolution explores the functional landscape of proteins. Despite our ability to experimentally inflict mutations at will, it remains difficult to link sequence-level perturbations to systems-level responses. Here, we present a framework centered on measuring changes in the free energy of the system to link individual mutations in an allosteric transcriptional repressor to the parameters which govern its response. We find the energetic effects of the mutations can be categorized into several classes which have characteristic curves as a function of the inducer concentration. We experimentally test these diagnostic predictions using the well-characterized LacI repressor of Escherichia coli, probing several mutations in the DNA binding and inducer binding domains. We find that the change in gene expression due to a point mutation can be captured by modifying only a subset of the model parameters that describe the respective domain of the wild-type protein. These parameters appear to be insulated, with mutations in the DNA binding domain altering only the DNA affinity and those in the inducer binding domain altering only the allosteric parameters. Changing these subsets of parameters tunes the free energy of the system in a way that is concordant with theoretical expectations. Finally, we show that the induction profiles and resulting free energies associated with pairwise double mutants can be predicted with quantitative accuracy given knowledge of the single mutants, providing an avenue for identifying and quantifying epistatic interactions.SummaryWe present a biophysical model of allosteric transcriptional regulation that directly links the location of a mutation within a repressor to the biophysical parameters that describe its behavior. We explore the phenotypic space of a repressor with mutations in either the inducer binding or DNA binding domains. Using the LacI repressor in E. coli, we make sharp, falsifiable predictions and use this framework to generate a null hypothesis for how double mutants behave given knowledge of the single mutants. Linking mutations to the parameters which govern the system allows for quantitative predictions of how the free energy of the system changes as a result, permitting coarse graining of high-dimensional data into a single-parameter description of the mutational consequences.
Activation loop dynamics are controlled by conformation-selective inhibitors of ERK2
Authors: Pegram Laurel M. , Liddle Jennifer C. , Xiao Yao , Hoh Maria , Rudolph Johannes , Iverson Dylan B. , Vigers Guy P. , Smith Darin , Zhang Hailong , Wang Weiru , Moffat John G. , Ahn Natalie G. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTModulating the dynamics of protein kinases expands the inhibitory mechanisms for small molecules. NMR measurements of the MAP kinase, ERK2, have shown that activation by dual-phosphorylation induces global motions involving exchange between two states, “L” and “R”. We show that ERK inhibitors Vertex-11e and SCH772984 exploit the small energetic difference between L and R to shift the equilibrium in opposing directions, while inhibitor GDC-0994 and ATP analogue AMP-PNP retain L⇌R exchange. An X-ray structure of active 2P-ERK2 complexed with AMP-PNP reveals a shift in the Gly-rich loop along with domain closure to position the nucleotide in a more catalytically productive conformation relative to inactive 0P-ERK2:ATP. X-ray structures of 2P-ERK2 complexed with Vertex-11e or GDC-0994 recapitulate this closure, which is blocked in a complex with a SCH772984 analogue. Thus, the L→R shift in 2P-ERK2 is associated with movements needed to form a competent active site. Solution measurements by hydrogen-exchange mass spectrometry (HX-MS) reveal distinct binding modes for Vertex-11e, GDC-0994 and AMP-PNP to active vs inactive ERK2, where the extent of HX protection matches their degree of R-state formation. In addition, Vertex-11e and SCH772984 show opposite effects on HX near the activation loop, suggesting that L⇌R exchange involves coupling between the activation loop and the active site. Consequently, these inhibitors differentially affect MAP kinase phosphatase activity towards 2P-ERK2. We conclude that global motions in ERK2 promote productive nucleotide binding, and couple with the activation loop to allow control of dephosphorylation by conformation-selective inhibitors.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProtein kinases in the RAF/MKK/ERK signaling pathway are dysregulated in cancer and are important targets for inhibitor development. Catalytic activation of the MAP kinase, ERK2, induces global motions involving exchange between two conformational states. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and hydrogen-exchange mass spectrometry, we show that inhibitors exploit these motions to trap ERK2 in distinct states. Our findings reveal motions of the activation loop coupled to the active site. Inhibitor binding can control these activation loop dynamics to alter its rate of dephosphorylation by MAP kinase phosphatase.
Development of hybrid method for coupled conduction-radiation heat transfer in two-dimensional irregular enclosure considering thermo-radiative effects and varying thermal conductivity
Authors: Zare Mehdi , Sadeghi Sadegh 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This study aims to perform a comprehensive investigation to model the thermal characteristics of a coupled conduction-radiation heat transfer in a two-dimensional irregular enclosure including a triangular-shaped heat source.

Design/methodology/approach
For this purpose, a promising hybrid technique based on the concepts of blocked-off method, FVM and DOM is developed. The enclosure consists of several horizontal, vertical and oblique walls, and thermal conductivity within the enclosure varies directly with temperature and indirectly with position. To simplify the complex geometry, a promising mathematical model is introduced using blocked-off method. Emitting, absorbing and non-isotropic scattering gray are assumed as the main radiative characteristics of the steady medium.

Findings
DOM and FVM are, respectively, applied for solving radiative transfer equation (RTE) and the energy equation, which includes conduction, radiation and heat source terms. The temperature and heat flux distributions are calculated inside the enclosure. For validation, results are compared with previous data reported in the literature under the same conditions. Results and comparisons show that this approach is highly efficient and reliable for complex geometries with coupled conduction-radiation heat transfer. Finally, the effects of thermo-radiative parameters including surface emissivity, extinction coefficient, scattering albedo, asymmetry factor and conduction-radiation parameter on temperature and heat flux distributions are studied.

Originality/value
In this paper, a hybrid numerical method is used to analyze coupled conduction-radiation heat transfer in an irregular geometry. Varying thermal conductivity is included in this analysis. By applying the method, results obtained for temperature and heat flux distributions are presented and also validated by the data provided by several previous papers.
Employment and skill mismatch among youth in Lebanon
Authors: Dibeh Ghassan , Fakih Ali , Marrouch Walid 
Published: May 2019

PurposeEmployment and skill mismatch among youth constitute a major obstacle for access to the job market in the Middle East and North African region. The purpose of this paper is to explore factors explaining employment and the perception of the skill-mismatch problem among the youth in Lebanon using a novel data set covering young people aged from 15 to 29. The paper provides a set of empirical insights that help in the design of public policy targeting school-to-work transition.Design/methodology/approachThe authors control for a rich set of youth and household characteristics to jointly estimate the probability of being employed and the likelihood of reporting a skill-mismatch problem. The empirical analysis uses a bivariate probit model where the first equation estimates the employment status while the second estimates the determinants of skill-mismatch perceptions. The bivariate probit model considers the error terms in both equations to be correlated and the model tests for such a correlation. The authors estimate the model recursively by controlling for the employment dummy variable in the skill-mismatch equation since employed youth could be more or less likely to perceive the skill mismatch. The estimation is conducted first over the whole sample of youth, and then it is implemented by gender and region.FindingsThe authors find that youth employment is mainly correlated with age, being male, being single, having received vocational training and financial support from parents, living with parents and receiving current education. The skill-mismatch perceptions are mainly driven by being male, being single, having received post-secondary education and belonging to upper and middle social classes. The authors also find that employability level and skill-mismatch problems are jointly determined in the labor market for males and in the core region only.Originality/valueThe paper covers a country that is neglected in the literature on the employment-skill mismatch nexus in the context of school-to-work transition. The study also uses a novel data set focusing on youth. The paper contributes to our understanding of the school-to-work transition in particular and to the youth-to-adulthood transition in general.
Examining an integrative model of resilience, subjective well-being and commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviours
Authors: Paul Happy , Bamel Umesh , Ashta Ashok , Stokes Peter 
Published: May 2019

PurposeA review of the emerging scholarly literature on positive organizational scholarship indicates a need to pursue cognitive, emotional and motivational mechanisms which translate into positive states and outcomes in organizations. Responding to this, this paper aims to test a mediation model linking resilience and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) through subjective well-being (SWB) components (i.e. life satisfaction and affect balance) and organizational commitment (OC) components.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 345 employees working in the Indian manufacturing industry. The study used structural equation modeling using AMOS to conduct bootstrapped mediation analyses.FindingsResults showed that SWB and OC components mediated the resilience-OCB relationship. Results offered strong support for the role of affect balance (high positive and low negative affect) and affective commitment in mediating the influence of resilience on OCB.Originality/valueThe study not only tested the applicability of resilience in an organizational context to predict coveted positive outcomes but also identified the underlying mechanism as how psychological resource capacities like resilience contribute to OCBs.
Key challenges to digital financial services in emerging economies: the Indian context
Authors: Rana Nripendra P. , Luthra Sunil , Rao H. Raghav 
Published: May 2019

PurposeDigital financial services (DFS) have substantial prospect to offer a number of reasonable, appropriate and secure banking services to the underprivileged in developing countries through pioneering technologies such as mobile phone based solutions, digital platforms and electronic money models. DFS allow unbanked people to obtain access to financial services through digital technologies. However, DFS face tough challenges of adoption. Realising this, the purpose of this paper is to identify such challenges and develop a framework.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed a framework of challenges by utilising interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and fuzzy MICMAC approach. The authors explored 18 such unique set of challenges culled from the literature and further gathered data from two sets of expert professionals. In the first phase, the authors gathered data from 29 professionals followed by 18 professionals in the second phase. All were pursuing Executive MBA programme from a metropolitan city in South India. The implementation of ISM and fuzzy MICMAC provided a precise set of driving, linkage and dependent variables that were used to derive a framework.FindingsISM model is split in eight different levels. The bottom level consists of a key driving challenge V11 (i.e. high cost and low return related problem), whereas the topmost level consists of two highly dependent challenges namely V1 (i.e. risk of using digital services) and V14 (i.e. lack of trust). The prescribed ISM model shows the involvement of “high cost and low return related problem (V11)”, which triggers further challenges of DFS.Originality/valueNone of the existing research has explored key challenges to DFS in detail nor formulated a framework for such challenges. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper on DFS that attempts to collate its challenges and incorporate them in a hierarchical model using ISM and further divide them into four categories of factors using fuzzy MICMAC analysis.
The impact of principles-based vs rules-based accounting standards on reporting quality and earnings management
Authors: Sundvik Dennis 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore whether principles-based vs rules-based accounting standards have an effect on measures of financial reporting quality and earnings management strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a firm-year-specific variable that captures the extent to which firms’ accounting and operating behavior is affected by the characteristics of a specific standard in the USA. Measures of absolute accruals, financial misconducts, signed abnormal accruals and abnormal cash flows are used to assess the effects.

Findings
The results show that absolute magnitude of accruals and probability of financial misconduct is lower, and accrual earnings management is higher when firms’ standards are more based on principles. The study also suggests that potentially costlier real earnings management is a consequence of rules-based standards.

Research limitations/implications
This study relies heavily on measures from the prior accounting literature, hence, care has been exercised in generalizing the findings.

Practical implications
This study has direct implications for a number of stakeholders, including standard setters, policymakers, securities regulators, researchers, investors, financial statement preparers and auditors. For example, the future development of accounting standards can be supported by the empirical conclusions in this study together with previous standard-setting ambitions, commentaries, experiments and analytical work.

Originality/value
This study extends prior single-country studies on reporting quality and cross-country studies on transition effects of firms switching from local to International Accounting Standards by observing the impact of accounting standard characteristics on additional measures of reporting quality and accrual as well as real earnings management when holding institutional factors constant. The study also offers archival evidence complementing prior commentaries, experiments and analytical work.
The dynamics of financial information and non-financial environmental, social and governance information in the strategic decision-making process
Authors: Esch Martin , Schulze Mike , Wald Andreas 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to link the fields of research on strategic decision (SD) making and integrated reporting (IR) and advances knowledge of the concept of integrated thinking by describing how financial information and non-financial environmental, social and governance (ESG) information are used in different phases of the strategic decision-making process (SDMP).Design/methodology/approachIn total, 15 senior executives from twelve different industries were asked about the importance of different types of information within SDMPs. The data were analyzed by means of content analysis.FindingsThe authors derive a four-phase model and explicate the utilization of financial information and non-financial ESG information within each phase. The findings show that both types of information affect SDMPs, but the importance of each type differs among the phases.Practical implicationsThis study offers practitioners a yardstick against which to compare how they use different types of information throughout the SDMP.Originality/valueThis paper provides a conceptual model of integrated thinking in SD making by connecting two separate fields of research. This connection will permit deeper study of the field of information and its implications for SD making. The present investigation shows that IR can promote integrated thinking in companies, as the broader range of information at hand allows companies to form a holistic picture of internal management questions and incorporate information that has not been previously prepared or associated with existing information.
Employee creativity in a digital era: the mediating role of social media
Authors: Korzynski Pawel , Paniagua Jordi , Rodriguez-Montemayor Eduardo 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how the use of social media can facilitate employee creativity. Departing from theories on social capital and knowledge management, this study examines the relationship among individual characteristics, the use of social technologies and employee creativity. The main hypothesis of the study is that online social networking mediates the relationship between personal innovativeness and creativity.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained through an online survey of 80 engineers and 12 managers working in a large IT company listed by the Fortune 500 (n1=80,n2=12). The empirical strategy relies on fixed-effects structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis with a quasi-experimental design to study the structural relationship among creativity, online social connectivity (OSC) and personal innovativeness.FindingsThe study provides three major findings. First, the results show that personal innovativeness regarding new technologies is positively associated with creativity. Second, 18 percent of the association between personal innovativeness and creativity is explained by the latent mediator OSC (a construct of online networking and knowledge management). More specifically, the partial mediation is driven by online networking, specifically establishing new connections. Finally, contrary to the expectations, there is no significant evidence that the relationship between creativity and personal innovativeness is mediated by online social knowledge management.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the ways in which online connections and online knowledge management as well as personal innovativeness are related to employee creativity helps in building innovative organizations. This study may facilitate recruitment and selection strategies and encourage organizations to implement platforms with user-friendly functionalities of connecting with other employees and searching data.Originality/valueThe main question of this study is whether all features related to social technologies make people more creative. Evidence is still scarce, but there are hints that creativity is not only an innate personal feature but also a social phenomenon. This study explains the benefits of OSC for enhancing employee creativity.
Performance appraisal satisfaction and turnover intention
Authors: Memon Mumtaz Ali , Salleh Rohani , Mirza Muhammad Zeeshan , Cheah Jun-Hwa , Ting Hiram , Ahmad Muhammad Shakil 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of performance appraisal satisfaction (PAS) on work engagement (WE) and the impact of WE on turnover intention. Furthermore, this paper investigates the mediating effect of WE between PAS and turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachThe sample consisted of employees of 12 oil and gas organisations operating in Malaysia. The data collection process consists of two surveys using a three-month time lag approach. A total of 295 samples were used for the final data analysis. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was performed to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate a strong causal relation between PAS, WE and turnover intentions. In brief, PAS was found to be a predictor of WE, and WE has a negative impact on employees’ turnover intention. Furthermore, WE proved to be a mediator between PAS and turnover intentions.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can be used as a basis to consider PAS to increase employees’ level of WE and to decrease voluntary turnover. Overall, the findings provide pragmatic insights for human resource management practitioners and relevant stakeholders.Originality/valueTo date, little is known about the interrelationship between PAS, WE and turnover intention. Importantly, the mediating role of WE between PAS and turnover intention has remained unexplored. This study fills this gap in the existing literature.
Knowledge management in entrepreneurial universities
Authors: Secundo Giustina , Ndou Valentina , Del Vecchio Pasquale , De Pascale Gianluigi 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review and critique the knowledge management (KM) literature within Entrepreneurial universities, providing an overview of the state of research and outlining a future research agenda.

Design/methodology/approach
In a systematic literature review, 1106 articles indexed at Scopus were initially submitted to a bibliometric analysis. Finally, 150 papers published in a variety of academic journals specializing in the field of Entrepreneurship, KM and Higher Education were analyzed through a content and a bibliometric analysis to minimize mistakes in interpreting findings of collected studies.

Findings
KM within entrepreneurial university is a research area of growing importance. Findings show that literature on KM models and tools in the entrepreneurial university is fragmented and dominated by unrelated research. Content analysis shows heterogeneous literature, but four major research streams emerge: knowledge transfer in university–industry collaboration; knowledge creation in entrepreneurship education; KM processes for university spin-offs; entrepreneurial university to support knowledge-based regional development. The results show a failure to address the implications of findings for policy makers, which risks making KM in entrepreneurial universities research irrelevant.

Research limitations/implications
Although different structured literature reviews (SLRs) exist separately in the field of KM and entrepreneurial universities, to the authors’ best knowledge, no studies exist in the intersection between the two fields.

Originality/value
The paper presents the first attempt to provide a comprehensive SLR of the articles dealing with models and processes of KM in the entrepreneurial university. Despite the increasing literature, this research area is still fragmented and undertheorized, thus requiring more systematic and holistic studies, considering both the economic and the social aspects of KM within universities. The paper’s findings can offer insights into future research avenues.