bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and predictors of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students
Authors: Kisa Sezer , Zeyneloğlu Simge 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo determine the prevalence and predictors of victimization and perpetration of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students.DesignA cross‐sectional study design.MethodsThe sample consisted of nursing and midwifery students (N = 603) at the largest state university in southeastern Turkey. Data were collected with a validated, investigator‐designed survey instrument between September 2015 and January 2016.FindingsMost participants had been exposed to dating violence. Jealousy, controlling behaviour, and restrictions on another's social life were not perceived as violent behaviour in dating relationships. There was no significant relationship of dating violence with gender, smoking, place of residence, or marijuana use. Exposure to parental violence and alcohol use were found to be the strongest predictors of being a perpetrator of violence in the dating violence perpetration model.ConclusionThe findings highlight the lack of recognition of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students. The perceptions of students should be enriched by adding content on violent behaviours in the curriculum of nursing and midwifery programmes.ImpactEfforts to reduce and stop dating violence have a crucial role in preventing future violence in established relationships. We acknowledge that the prevalence of dating violence among nursing and midwifery students is high. Psychological and verbal violence are extremely common and most are not recognized as violent behaviours by the students. This study contributes to the understanding of violent behaviours related to dating violence among nursing and midwifery students for establishing healthy relationship.
Parents with intellectual disabilities and their perspective of peer support: “It depends on how they give it”
Authors: Strnadová Iva , Collings Susan , Loblinzk Julie , Danker Joanne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundParents with intellectual disabilities face particular challenges, such as lack of sufficient support with their parenting. Peers can be an important source of support for parents in the general population; however, there is a limited knowledge about peer support for parents with intellectual disabilities. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of parents with intellectual disabilities with social support with a focus on the role of peers.MethodTwenty‐six parents with intellectual disabilities in New South Wales, Australia, took part in a semi‐structured interview.ResultsThe inductive content analysis of data revealed three main themes; this article reports on one of them—Developing interdependence.ConclusionsThe source of support was less important than the way support was offered. Parents valued support offered by someone who respected them as a person and parent, and was interested in what they wanted and needed.
The family house—A safe haven: A qualitative study of families' experiences staying in a hospital family house during their children's hospitalisation
Authors: Dyekjær Charlotte Drejdal , Dreyer Pia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo gain knowledge about families’ experiences while staying in a hospital family house during their child's hospitalisation.BackgroundWhen a child is hospitalised with a chronic, serious or life‐threatening disease, the entire family is stressed as normal everyday life is disrupted. In Denmark, accompanying the ill child to the paediatric wards is often possible only for one of the parents.DesignThis qualitative study takes a phenomenological–hermeneutical approach, exploring the lived experience of families’ everyday life in a hospital family house.MethodThe study comprised semi‐structured interviews with 33 family members from 15 families who stayed in a hospital family house. The interviews were made in the summer of 2017. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was used as a guideline “see Appendix S1.”ResultsThe families experienced the house as a home or a haven where they could stay together as a family. The house provided a quiet and peaceful environment with space for family life and playing. Overall, this gave the families a feeling of togetherness.ConclusionThe families who stayed in the hospital family house experienced the house as a place to breathe freely, that is, as a safe haven. A place with peace and quietness, without “activity efficiency.” In the house, the volunteers offered a very caring and supportive environment including all families in the house and embracing everyday activities. Providing accommodation for the whole family at the hospital family house afforded the family a place where they could stay together and maintain everyday life even though everything around them was, at times, chaotic.Relevance to Clinical PracticeHealthcare professionals should use knowledge about the healing environment to help create havens for families to a hospitalised child. Hospitalised children need safe places where no treatment takes place—therefore, family houses should stay treatment free.
Acute otitis media in children presenting to the emergency department: Is it diagnosed and managed appropriately?
Authors: Balasundaram Niroshan , Phan Dung , Mazzoni Daniel , Duong Elliot , Sweeny Amy , Del Mar Chris , Keijzers Gerben 
Published: February 2019

AimTo describe the diagnostic and management practice in children with acute otitis media (AOM) presenting to the emergency department (ED) and compare diagnosis and management against existing guidelines.MethodsWe performed a retrospective descriptive cohort study of patients ≤15 years of age who presented to two EDs in Southeast Queensland between January 2016 and June 2017 with an ED diagnosis of AOM. Likelihood of diagnosis was based on medical records and classified as likely, possible or unlikely using paediatric practice guidelines. Appropriateness of antibiotics prescription was classified using the National Antibiotic Prescribing Survey, which takes into account adherence to the Australian Therapeutic Guidelines. Each medical record was extracted by two blinded reviewers, and discrepancies were resolved by consensus or arbitration.ResultsOf the 305 patients included for analysis, 87% had a likely or possible diagnosis of AOM. Otalgia was the presenting complaint in 75%. Standard otoscopy was the routine method for tympanic membrane visualisation, and 70% had abnormal tympanic membrane findings. Almost two‐thirds (62%) of all children were prescribed antibiotics. Antibiotic appropriateness could be ascertained for 286 patients (94%). A total of 39% received inappropriate antibiotic management for AOM. The majority of patients received analgesia in the form of paracetamol and/or ibuprofen.ConclusionsED clinicians make the diagnosis of AOM fairly accurately, although better assessment of the tympanic membrane by tympanometry and/or pneumatic otoscopy may improve accuracy. More than one‐third of patients are prescribed antibiotics inappropriately. Our data can inform knowledge translation and education strategies to ensure the correct evidence‐based management of this condition.
The role of couple sleep concordance in sleep quality: Attachment as a moderator of associations
Authors: Elsey Taylor , Keller Peggy S. , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: February 2019

SummaryDespite most American adults sharing a bed with a romantic partner, sleep research has examined sleep primarily as an individual behaviour. A growing body of research indicates that couple bed sharing may have an impact on sleep quality, but the current study is the first to examine whether such associations may differ based on attachment security. A sample of 179 cohabiting heterosexual couples completed daily sleep diaries and surveys of their attachment security, avoidance and anxiety. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling. Greater attachment security and lower attachment avoidance were associated with greater subjective sleep quality. Greater sleep concordance (time in bed with partners) was associated with better subjective sleep quality for women with lower attachment security and higher attachment avoidance. Findings suggest that couple bed sharing may benefit the subjective sleep quality of women who have lower attachment security.
Stature of dependent forbs is more related to the direct and indirect above‐ and below‐ground effects of a subalpine shrub than are foliage traits
Authors: Wang Xiangtai , Michalet Richard , Liu Ziyang , Guo Aifeng , Zhou Xianhui , Du Guozhen , Ge Wenjing , Chen Shuyan , Xiao Sa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractQuestionGraminoid/shrubland communities include groups of forbs (herbaceous dicots) that differ in their traits, and in their direct and indirect responses to dominant neighbours. Although we have a growing knowledge of which traits might influence species’ direct responses to dominant neighbours, and in particular the crucial importance of plant stature over foliage traits, less is known about the relationship between species’ traits and direct responses to dominant neighbours.LocationAn alpine graminoid/shrubland co‐dominated by the shrub Dasiphora fruticosa and graminoids such as the sedge Kobresia capillifolia on the Tibetan plateau (China).MethodsThe above‐ and below‐ground effects of the shrub in the absence or presence of graminoids were manipulated to quantify direct and indirect responses of forb species, which were grouped with a PCA. For the forbs, six traits characterizing both plant stature and foliage properties were measured and a redundancy analysis was used to assess their patterns of direct and indirect responses to the dominant neighbours.ResultsWe found contrasting direct and indirect responses of forb species to the graminoids, and the above‐ and below‐ground effects of the shrubs, separating the forbs into four species‐groups. A significant positive indirect net effect of the shrubs was observed at the community‐level. Traits of forb species were more tightly related to direct than indirect responses to dominant neighbours, while plant stature had a primary influence over foliage traits, which was only very weakly related to indirect responses.ConclusionsAlthough plant traits, in particular plant stature, have strong influences on species’ direct responses to dominant neighbours, relationships to indirect interactions are more subtle and variable. This inhibits our prediction of the influence of species’ traits on species composition of the community through indirect interactions.
The Impact of Obesity on Wages: The Role of Personal Interactions and Job Selection
Authors: Moro Andrea , Tello‐Trillo Sebastian , Tempesti Tommaso 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe estimate the effects of obesity on wages accounting for the endogenous selection of workers into jobs requiring different levels of personal interactions in the workplace. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 combined with detailed information about occupation characteristics from O*Net, we confirm the results from the literature finding a wage penalty for obese White women. This penalty is higher in jobs that require a high level of personal interactions. Accounting for job selection does not significantly change the estimated wage penalty.
Intentionality in reducing health disparities: Caring as connection
Authors: Purtzer Mary Anne , Thomas Jenifer J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveInadequate health care quality may contribute to Native American health disparities through racial/ethnic discrimination by health care professionals. Nursing approaches to relationships and caring offer a means to understand health disparities through an unconventional lens. The study objective was to examine health disparities within the context of patient/nurse relationships.DesignA descriptive‐qualitative method guided data collection and analysis. Eleven nurses who serve Native Americans were interviewed. They described attitudes, meaningful relationships, and nurse leadership.ResultsNurses discussed their perceptions of and experiences with Native American patients. Four themes emerged: shared patient/nurse values, patient‐centered care, external forces, and stereotype‐driven care.ConclusionsAre we ready for the challenge to advocate for, build, and sustain organizational structures that support caring relationships? Implications for public health nursing include being intentional about recognizing implicit biases and ethnocentrism; examining nurses’ complicit roles in perpetuating racism; and developing mechanisms to collectively advocate for improved Native American health.
Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Su Cen , Zhao Kangren , Xia Haiping , Xu Yaoming 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundIn the past few decades, it has been demonstrated with animal models and clinical studies that a chronic inflammatory process significantly contributes to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.MethodsWe systematically searched on PubMed and Web of Science for studies associated with peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before July 2018. Meta‐analysis was conducted to summarise results of studies relative to peripheral cytokines and chemokines in AD and MCI.ResultsMean (± SD) concentrations of peripheral inflammatory biomarkers for AD, MCI and healthy controls were extracted from these studies. Our meta‐analysis revealed consistently elevated concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers such as C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐12, IL‐18, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1), MCP‐3, IL‐8 and interferon‐γ‐inducible protein 10 in AD patients, whereas no consistent results were obtained for elevated concentrations of cytokines or chemokines except MCP‐1 in MCI patients.ConclusionsIn conclusion, these results provided evidence to support that systematic inflammation might be a biomarker for AD diagnosis, whereas it might be a later event during AD disease progression.
Sexual orientation at work: Documenting and understanding wage inequality
Authors: Denier Nicole , Waite Sean 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA growing body of research focuses on the labor market experiences and outcomes of LGBTQ+ people. Yet sexual orientation has been incorporated unevenly into research on labor market inequality, developing in parallel across work in labor economics and the sociology of work and organizations. In this review, we describe research on sexual orientation andwage inequality, bridging insights from quantitative studies of wage gaps and qualitative work on the organizational and occupational experiences of sexual minorities. We further discuss theoretical developments in the sociology of sexuality to provide background to the concepts and measures both bodies of research employ in practice. We argue that future research should integrate these approaches to consider how local and diffuse cultural understandings of sexual orientation shape the valuation of workers.
The macrocyclizing protease butelase 1 remains autocatalytic and reveals the structural basis for ligase activity
Authors: James Amy M. , Haywood Joel , Leroux Julie , Ignasiak Katarzyna , Elliott Alysha G. , Schmidberger Jason W. , Fisher Mark F. , Nonis Samuel G. , Fenske Ricarda , Bond Charles S. , Mylne Joshua S. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryPlant asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEPs) are expressed as inactive zymogens that perform maturation of seed storage protein upon cleavage‐dependent autoactivation in the low‐pH environment of storage vacuoles. The AEPs have attracted attention for their macrocyclization reactions, and have been classified as cleavage or ligation specialists. However, we have recently shown that the ability of AEPs to produce either cyclic or acyclic products can be altered by mutations to the active site region, and that several AEPs are capable of macrocyclization given favorable pH conditions. One AEP extracted from Clitoria ternatea seeds (butelase 1) is classified as a ligase rather than a protease, presenting an opportunity to test for loss of cleavage activity. Here, making recombinant butelase 1 and rescuing an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lacking AEP, we show that butelase 1 retains cleavage functions in vitro and in vivo. The in vivo rescue was incomplete, consistent with some trade‐off for butelase 1 specialization toward macrocyclization. Its crystal structure showed an active site with only subtle differences from cleaving AEPs, suggesting the many differences in its peptide‐binding region are the source of its efficient macrocyclization. All considered, it seems that either butelase 1 has not fully specialized or a requirement for autocatalytic cleavage is an evolutionary constraint upon macrocyclizing AEPs.
Chronic fetal hypoxia disrupts the peri‐conceptual environment in next‐generation adult female rats
Authors: Aiken Catherine E. , Tarry‐Adkins Jane L. , Spiroski Ana‐Mishel , Nuzzo Anna M. , Ashmore Thomas J. , Rolfo Alessandro , Sutherland Megan J. , Camm Emily J. , Giussani Dino A. , Ozanne Susan E. 
Published: February 2019

Key points
Exposure to chronic hypoxia during gestation influences long‐term health and development, including reproductive capacity, across generations.
If the peri‐conceptual environment in the developing oviduct is affected by gestational hypoxia, then this could have implications for later fertility and the health of future generations.
In the present study, we show that the oviducts of female rats exposed to chronic hypoxia in utero have reduced telomere length, decreased mitochondrial DNA biogenesis and increased oxidative stress
The results of the present study show that exposure to chronic gestational hypoxia leads to accelerated ageing of the oviduct in early adulthood and they help us understand how exposure to hypoxia during development could influence reproductive health across generations.
AbstractExposure to chronic hypoxia during fetal development has important effects on immediate and long‐term outcomes in offspring. Adverse impacts in adult offspring include impairment of cardiovascular function, metabolic derangement and accelerated ovarian ageing. However, it is not known whether other aspects of the female reproductive system may be similarly affected. In the present study, we examined the impact of chronic gestational hypoxia on the developing oviduct. Wistar rat dams were randomized to either normoxia (21%) or hypoxia (13%) from day 6 post‐mating until delivery. Post‐delivery female offspring were maintained in normoxia until 4 months of age. Oviductal gene expression was assayed at the RNA (quantitative RT‐PCR) and protein (western blotting) levels. Oviductal telomere length was assayed using Southern blotting. Oviductal telomere length was reduced in the gestational hypoxia‐exposed animals compared to normoxic controls (P < 0.01). This was associated with a specific post‐transcriptional reduction in the KU70 subunit of DNA‐pk in the gestational hypoxia‐exposed group (P < 0.05). Gestational hypoxia‐exposed oviducts also showed evidence of decreased mitochondrial DNA biogenesis, reduced mtDNA copy number (P < 0.05) and reduced gene expression of Tfam (P < 0.05) and Pgc1α (P < 0.05). In the hypoxia‐exposed oviducts, there was upregulation of mitochondrial‐specific anti‐oxidant defence enzymes (MnSOD; P < 0.01). Exposure to chronic gestational hypoxia leads to accelerated ageing of the oviduct in adulthood. The oviduct plays a central role in early development as the site of gamete transport, syngamy, and early development; hence, accelerated ageing of the oviductal environment could have important implications for fertility and the health of future generations.
Health-related quality of life and its associated factors among adult patients with type II diabetes attending Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremedhin Tadesse , Workicho Abdulhalik , Angaw Dessie Abebaw 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundHealth-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important measure for evaluating patient treatment with non-curable chronic disease. The aim of the study was to assess HRQOL and its associated factors among patients with type II diabetes.MethodsThis is an institution-based, cross-sectional study conducted from March 13 to May 9, 2018. A total of 267 patients with type II diabetes who visited the clinic for follow-up for at least 3 months and who were 18 years or older were included in the study. The WHO Quality of Life-BREF was used to assess quality of life. Multivariable linear regression was employed to identify associated factors with HRQOL among patients with type II diabetes.ResultsThe mean score for overall HRQOL was 51.50±15.78. The mean scores for physical health, psychological, environmental and social relationship domains were 49.10±18.14, 53.51±19.82, 49.72±16.09 and 53.68±17.50, respectively. Age, disease duration and fasting blood glucose level were inversely associated with all domains of HRQOL (p<0.001). Body mass index was inversely related with all domains of HRQOL except with the physical health domain.ConclusionThe findings from this study indicated that all dimensions of HRQOL of patients with diabetes in this study setting were compromised. The study also identified important predictors such as age, duration of disease and level of fasting blood sugar. This entails the need to intervene in improving the HRQOL of patients with diabetes beyond the provision of standard treatments.
Living alone and cardiovascular disease outcomes
Authors: Gandhi Sumeet , Goodman Shaun G , Greenlaw Nicola , Ford Ian , McSkimming Paula , Ferrari Roberto , Jang Yangsoo , Alcocer-Gamba Marco Antonio , Fox Kim , Tardif Jean-Claude , Tendera Michal , Dorian Paul , Steg Gabriel , Udell Jacob Allan 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in outpatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) living alone compared with those living with others.MethodsThe prospeCtive observational LongitudinAl RegIstry oF patients with stable coronarY artery disease (CLARIFY) included outpatients with stable CAD. CLARIFY enrolled participants in 45 countries from November 2009 to July 2010, with 5 years of follow-up. Living arrangement was documented at baseline. The primary outcome was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) defined as CV death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke.ResultsAmong 32 367 patients, 3648 patients were living alone (11.3%). After multivariate adjustment, there were no residual differences in MACE among patients living alone compared with those living with others (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.18, p=0.52); however, there was significant heterogeneity in the exposure effect by sex (Pinteraction<0.01). Specifically, men living alone were at higher risk for MACE (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.002 to 1.36, p=0.047) as opposed to women living alone (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.04, p=0.1), predominantly driven by a heterogeneous effect by sex on MI (Pinteraction=0.006). There was no effect modification for MACE by age group (Pinteraction=0.3), although potential varying effects by age for MI (Pinteraction=0.046) and stroke (Pinteraction=0.05).ConclusionsLiving alone was not associated with an independent increase in MACE, although significant sex-based differences were apparent. Men living alone may have a worse prognosis from CV disease than women; further analyses are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this difference.Trial registration numberISRCTN43070564.