bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partisanship in the Trump Trade War: Evidence from County-Level Crop Planting Data
Authors: Carcelli Shannon , Park Kee Hyun 
Published: November 2024

Abstracts
In 2018, the US–China trade war drove down the price of many US agricultural goods. While many farmers responded by planting alternative crops instead, others continued planting the low-value crops, with a high cost to their bottom line and resulting in a large number of agricultural bankruptcies. Why did some farmers disregard their own economic interests and plant low-value crops during the trade war? We argue that political preferences partially explain farmer behavior. Matching geo-referenced crop data to product-level sanctions lists from China, we calculate county-level changes in the planting of crops affected by the tariffs. We find that counties with a higher Trump vote share in the 2016 election were significantly less likely to change planting decisions due to the trade war. This suggests that partisanship may affect the economy more broadly than previously realized.
Quantitatively assessing the impact of the quality of SNOMED CT subtype hierarchy on cohort queries
Authors: Hao Xubing , Li Xiaojin , Huang Yan , Shi Jay , Abeysinghe Rashmie , Tao Cui , Roberts Kirk , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Cui Licong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
SNOMED CT provides a standardized terminology for clinical concepts, allowing cohort queries over heterogeneous clinical data including Electronic Health Records (EHRs). While it is intuitive that missing and inaccurate subtype (or is-a) relations in SNOMED CT reduce the recall and precision of cohort queries, the extent of these impacts has not been formally assessed. This study fills this gap by developing quantitative metrics to measure these impacts and performing statistical analysis on their significance.

Material and Methods
We used the Optum de-identified COVID-19 Electronic Health Record dataset. We defined micro-averaged and macro-averaged recall and precision metrics to assess the impact of missing and inaccurate is-a relations on cohort queries. Both practical and simulated analyses were performed. Practical analyses involved 407 missing and 48 inaccurate is-a relations confirmed by domain experts, with statistical testing using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Simulated analyses used two random sets of 400 is-a relations to simulate missing and inaccurate is-a relations.

Results
Wilcoxon signed-rank tests from both practical and simulated analyses (P-values &lt; .001) showed that missing is-a relations significantly reduced the micro- and macro-averaged recall, and inaccurate is-a relations significantly reduced the micro- and macro-averaged precision.

Discussion
The introduced impact metrics can assist SNOMED CT maintainers in prioritizing critical hierarchical defects for quality enhancement. These metrics are generally applicable for assessing the quality impact of a terminology’s subtype hierarchy on its cohort query applications.

Conclusion
Our results indicate a significant impact of missing and inaccurate is-a relations in SNOMED CT on the recall and precision of cohort queries. Our work highlights the importance of high-quality terminology hierarchy for cohort queries over EHR data and provides valuable insights for prioritizing quality improvements of SNOMED CT's hierarchy.
Leveraging machine learning to enhance appointment adherence at a novel post-discharge care transition clinic
Authors: Lee Seung-Yup , Eagleson Reid M , Hearld Larry R , Gibson Madeline J , Hearld Kristine R , Hall Allyson G , Burkholder Greer A , McMahon Jacob , Mahmood Shoaib Y , Spraberry Corey T , Baker Thalia J , Garretson Alison R , Bradley Heather M , Mugavero Michael J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study applies predictive analytics to identify patients at risk of missing appointments at a novel post-discharge clinic (PDC) in a large academic health system. Recognizing the critical role of appointment adherence in the success of new clinical ventures, this research aims to inform future targeted interventions to increase appointment adherence.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed electronic health records (EHRs) capturing a wide array of demographic, socio-economic, and clinical variables from 2168 patients with scheduled appointments at the PDC from September 2022 to August 2023. Logistic regression, decision trees, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms were employed to construct predictive models for appointment adherence.

Results
The XGBoost machine learning model outperformed logistic regression and decision trees with an area under the curve (AUC) of 72% vs 65% and 67%, respectively, in predicting missed appointments, despite limited availability of historical data. Key predictors included patient age, number of days between appointment scheduling and occurrence, insurance status, marital status, and mental health and cardiac disease conditions.

Discussion
Findings underscore the potential of machine learning predictive analytics to significantly enhance patient engagement and operational efficiency in emerging healthcare settings. Optimizing predictive models can help balance the early identification of patients at risk of non-adherence with the efficient allocation of resources.

Conclusion
The study highlights the potential value of employing machine learning techniques to inform interventions aimed at improving appointment adherence in a post-discharge transition clinic environment.
Does one size fit all? Developing an evaluation strategy to assess large language models for patient safety event report analysis
Authors: Fong Allan , Adams Katharine T , Boxley Christian , Revoir Josanne A , Krevat Seth , Ratwani Raj M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Collecting and analyzing patient safety event (PSE) reports is a key component to the improvement of patient safety yet report analysis has been challenging. Large language models (LLMs) may support analysis; however, PSE reports tend to be a hybrid of clinical and general language.

Materials and Methods
We propose a data-driven evaluation strategy to assess LLM fit for report analysis. We identify target tokens and sentences from PSE reports and use perplexity to evaluate four LLMs comprehension of the target sentence.

Results
LLMs had statistically significantly different perplexity measures in six of seven event categories. Clinical models perform better with clinical narratives, often reported by nurses and physicians. General models perform better with colloquial language and communication themes.

Discussion and Conclusion
For LLMs to support PSE report analysis there must be a good fit between the language model and the nature of the text in reports. A single LLM approach may not be the most useful strategy.
Validation of the Neogen® Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium Method for Specific Detection of Salmonella enterica Ser. Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica Ser. Typhimurium in Chicken Carcass Rinse and Raw Ground Chicken: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 122302
Authors: Le Quynh-Nhi , Bartling Toni , Mozola Mark , Zook Cynthia , Barnes Christina , Roman Brooke , Biswas Preetha , Noe Susan , Donofrio Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The Neogen® Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium (MDA2-SE/ST) method is a rapid, nucleic acid amplification-based test for specific detection of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium (ST), including the ST monophasic variant Salmonella enterica 1,4, [5], 12: i:-, in select poultry samples. Results for SE and ST are generated separately.

Objective
The objective of the study was to validate the MDA2-SE/ST method for detection of SE and ST in chicken carcass rinse and raw ground chicken (325 g) for Performance Tested MethodsSM (PTM) certification.

Methods
The study consisted of inclusivity/exclusivity testing and independent laboratory testing of chicken carcass rinse and raw ground chicken using inoculated matrixes. Data were analyzed using a paired probability of detection model to determine if differences in the number of positive results obtained with the MDA2-SE/ST and reference methods were significant.

Results
In inclusivity testing, all 50 SE strains produced positive results in the SE assay and negative results in the ST assay. All 53 ST strains (including the monophasic variant) produced positive results in the ST assay and negative results in the SE assay. All 35 exclusivity strains produced negative results in both assays. The exclusivity panel included multiple non-SE group D1 Salmonella serovars, multiple non-ST group B serovars, Salmonella spp. from other somatic groups, and other Enterobacteriaceae. In matrix testing, results for the MDA2-SE/ST and reference methods were in complete agreement for both matrixes.

Conclusions
Results of the validation study showed that the MDA2-SE/ST method is an accurate, specific method for detection of SE and ST in select poultry matrixes.

Highlights
The data were reviewed by the AOAC PTM Program, and approval was granted for certification of the Molecular Detection Assay 2—Salmonella Enteritidis/Salmonella Typhimurium method as PTM 122302.
In-depth clinical characterization of intravenous iron infusion-induced hypophosphatemic osteomalacia and its resolution
Authors: von Brackel Felix N , Grambeck Jonathan , Barvencik Florian , Amling Michael , Oheim Ralf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia is treated by iron supplementation. Increasing evidence has shown that the carbohydrate components in iron infusions can cause hypophosphatemia and subsequent osteomalacia due to excess intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23). We here undertook an in-depth characterization of 13 patients with iron infusion-induced osteomalacia (IIIO). Patients were characterized (monocentric institutional practice) by means of laboratory, bone density, HR-pQCT, and virtual osteoid volume estimation. We additionally report a patient who was treated with burosumab because iron infusions had to be continued despite osteomalacia. All 13 patients received ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) infusions and presented with low phosphate levels. Stopping the FCM infusions and supportive treatment by substitution of phosphate, calcium, native, and/or active Vitamin D was the chosen therapeutic approach. Pain, mobility, and biochemical data, such as serum phosphate levels, BMD, bone microstructure, and virtual osteoid volume, were the main outcome measures. Our results indicate biochemical normalization (eg, phosphate levels pre: 0.50 mmol/L ± 0.23 mmol/L, post: 0.93 mmol/L ± 0.32 mmol/L, p&lt;.001) after stopping the FCM infusion and establishing supportive treatment. Additionally, pain levels on the visual analog scale (VAS) decreased (VASpre 7.31 ± 1.22, VASpost 2.73 ± 1.27, p&lt;.0001) and areal BMD (expressed by T-score) improved significantly (T-scorepre: −1.85 ± 1.84, T-scorepost: −0.91 ± 2.13, p&lt;.05). One patient requiring ongoing FCM infusions experienced significant additional benefits from burosumab treatment. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of monitoring phosphate in patients treated with FCM infusions. Stopping FCM infusions is effective in addressing the excess of iFGF23 and thereby phosphate wasting. Supportive therapy enables quick recovery of the musculoskeletal system and improves pain levels in these patients.
Loss of Runx2 in Gli1+ osteogenic progenitors prevents bone loss following ovariectomy
Authors: Buchanan Connor , Chen Shuo , Yuan Yuan , Guo Tingwei , Feng Jifan , Zhang Mingyi , Carey Grace , Howard Ishmael , Sanchez Janet , Ho Thach-Vu , Chai Yang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mass and bone mineral density. It is the most prevalent bone disease and a common cause of fracture in aging adults. Low bone mass, as seen in osteoporosis, results from an imbalance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Gli1+ cells are indispensable to the maintenance of bone tissue homeostasis. These cells give rise to osteoprogenitors and are present at the osteogenic fronts of long bones in adult mice. Runx2 is a key regulator of osteogenesis and plays a crucial role in osteoblastic differentiation and maturation during development. However, its function in maintaining adult bone tissue homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Runx2 in maintaining adult bone homeostasis in the context of ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency, a model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our results show that deletion of Runx2 in the Gli1+ osteogenic progenitor population prevents loss of both cortical and trabecular bone mass and mineralization after ovariectomy. At the cellular level, loss of Runx2 leads to a decrease in osteoclast activity. Our study indicates that Runx2 is essential for maintaining adult bone tissue homeostasis by regulating osteoclast differentiation.
Saturation model for pore-type gas hydrate based on additional muddy conductive digital core
Authors: Zhao Jun , Lin Zongpeng , Tang Di , Jia Jiang , Luo Yuhu , Zheng Chao , Jiao Shixiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Original natural gas hydrate rock samples readily decompose under environmental changes during extraction, presenting challenges to conventional rock electrical analysis. This results in difficulty obtaining the cementation factor m and saturation exponent n of hydrate samples, thereby complicating the evaluation of hydrate saturation. Therefore, a method for revising the rock electrical parameters by digital core technology is proposed. Utilizing X-ray CT images of artificial gas hydrate samples, digital core models of natural gas hydrates were established. An erosion algorithm was employed to simulate the variation in mud content within the digital core, followed by the calculation of resistivity using the finite element method after meshing. Through analyzing the primary micro-pore structure parameters that influence the rock electrical parameters, the saturation model was subsequently refined. The results showed that the resistivity of hydrate digital core magnifies with increasing saturation of hydrate, tortuosity, and pore-throat ratio, but decreases with increasing coordination number and mud content. The rock electrical parameters were changed with the alteration of micro-pore structure. Based on the relationship between m, n, and micro-pore structure parameters, established a correction equation for them, further improved the Indonesian equation. The saturation of hydrate reservoir in Shenhu Sea area was evaluated using the modified Indonesian equation. The modified equation reduced the relative error from 34.8% to 15.6%, significantly enhanced the calculation accuracy.
Species limits in Wiedomys (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) reinforce the South American São Francisco River as a biogeographic barrier
Authors: Di-Nizo Camilla B , Lazar Ana , Cunha-Filho Carlos A , Silva Maria José J , Bezerra Alexandra M R , Suárez-Villota Elkin Y , Bonvicino Cibele R , Pessôa Leila M , Gonçalves Pablo R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Red-nosed mice (genus Wiedomys) are restricted to the Brazilian Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, distributed along the São Francisco River (SFR). Until recently, Wiedomys was considered monotypic, but 2 species with poorly defined geographic and morphological limits have been recognized: W. cerradensis and W. pyrrhorhinos. Our study used morphological, phylogenetic, and cytogenetic analyses to review and detail species limits within the genus and test whether the SFR could be associated with divergence between lineages. This integrative approach indicated that the SFR delineates the geographic boundaries between species, with W. pyrrhorhinos on the right bank and W. cerradensis on the left bank. The species are reciprocally monophyletic and diverge in cranial size, nasal morphology, and facial pelage color pattern. Karyotypic differences between and within W. pyrrhorhinos and W. cerradensis were also detected, and new chromosome complements (2n = 62, FN = 96 and 2n = 62, FN = 88, respectively) were found. Divergence time (0.339 to 0.025 Ma) is concordant with the timing of diversification of other co-distributed vertebrate taxa, and close to a younger estimate for the formation of SFR’s recent lower course to the east coast. Therefore, our study considerably expands knowledge of the geographic range of the genus, diagnoses of species, karyotypic variability between and within species, and reinforces the role of SFR as an important vicariant barrier in northeastern Brazil.
Post-critical pedagogy: a philosophical and epistemological identikit
Authors: Oliverio Stefano , Thoilliez Bianca 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aim of this article is to contribute to the outlining of the philosophical and epistemological status of post-critical pedagogy in the light of the body of scholarship (both positive and negative) that has, in the last few years, already grown in relation to this theoretical project. The article invites readers to follow its authors on a stroll in ‘Post-Criticalland’. Moreover, the article raises the question of whether post-critique is a new paradigm or merely a different attitude within the critical tradition. The authors conclude by arguing for a principle of complementarity and for practices of diplomatic negotiation, on the grounds that post-critique should not be construed as dependent on critique but as complementary to it and as deserving a time and space of its own.
Education desires and conflict impacts in refugees’ decisions to leave
Authors: Erdal Marta B , Larssen Marianne F , Talleraas Cathrine , Tollefsen Andreas Forø 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, we set out to unpack, explore and contribute to new understanding of how conflict and education emerge and intertwine in refugees’ reflections about their decisions to leave conflict-affected areas. We draw on a unique survey data set (n = 1008), with South Sudanese respondents, collected in two refugee settlements in Northern Uganda (2022), with structured and open-ended questions. We address three questions: (1) How do education-related factors emerge in refugees’ reflections about leaving conflict-affected areas? (2) How do education and conflict interact in refugees’ decisions to leave? and (3) What are the roles of education as desired for oneself and also for one’s children, in relation to migration decision-making? We draw on literature about education and migration-decisions, in and out of conflict, and apply recent theorization of migration drivers complexes, temporally approached as predisposing, proximate, precipitating, and mediating drivers. The article contributes to deepen understanding of agency throughout displacement, specifically in relation to people’s desire for education, for children, oneself, or both. Our findings also have implications for humanitarian response, in efforts to improve support for civilians affected by conflict, specifically focusing on provision of education (for both children and adults), wherever people may find themselves.
SPIRou observations of the young planet-hosting star PDS 70
Authors: Donati J -F , Cristofari P I , Alencar S H P , Kóspál Á , Bouvier J , Moutou C , Carmona A , Gregorio-Hetem J , Ménard F , Artigau E , Doyon R , Takami M , Shang H , do Nascimento J Dias , Ménard F , Gaidos E ,   the SPIRou science team
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper presents near-infrared spectropolarimetric and velocimetric observations of the young planet-hosting T Tauri star PDS 70, collected with SPIRou at the 3.6-m Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope from 2020 to 2024. Clear Zeeman signatures from magnetic fields at the surface of PDS 70 are detected in our data set of 40 circularly polarized spectra. Longitudinal fields inferred from Zeeman signatures, ranging from $-116$ to 176 G, are modulated on a time-scale of $3.008\pm 0.006$ d, confirming that this is the rotation period of PDS 70. Applying Zeeman–Doppler imaging to subsets of unpolarized and circularly polarized line profiles, we show that PDS 70 hosts low-contrast brightness spots and a large-scale magnetic field in its photosphere, featuring in particular a dipole component of strength 200–420 G that evolves on a time-scale of months. From the broadening of spectral lines, we also infer that PDS 70 hosts a small-scale field of $2.51\pm 0.12$ kG. Radial velocities derived from unpolarized line profiles are rotationally modulated as well, and exhibit additional longer term chromatic variability, most likely attributable to magnetic activity rather than to a close-in giant planet (with a 3$\sigma$ upper limit on its minimum mass of $\simeq$4 at a distance of $\simeq$0.2 au). We finally confirm that accretion occurs at the surface of PDS 70, generating modulated redshifted absorption in the 1083.3-nm He i triplet, and show that the large-scale magnetic field, often strong enough to disrupt the inner accretion disc up to the corotation radius, weakens as the star gets fainter and redder (as in 2022), suggesting that dust from the disc more easily penetrates the stellar magnetosphere in such phases.
INTEGRAL search for magnetar giant flares from the Virgo Cluster and in nearby galaxies with high star formation rate
Authors: Pacholski Dominik Patryk , Arrigoni Edoardo , Mereghetti Sandro , Salvaterra Ruben 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Giant flares from magnetars can reach, for a fraction of a second, luminosities greater than 10$^{47}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in the hard X-ray/soft $\gamma$-ray range. This makes them visible at distances of several megaparsecs. However, at extragalactic distances (farther than the Magellanic Clouds), they are difficult to distinguish from the short $\gamma$-ray bursts, which occur much more frequently. Since magnetars are young neutron stars, nearby galaxies with a high rate of star formation are optimal targets to search for magnetar giant flares (MGFs). Here, we report the results of a search for MGFs in observations of the Virgo cluster and in a small sample of nearby galaxies obtained with the IBIS instrument on the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) satellite. From the currently known MGF sample, we find that their energy distribution is well described by a power law with slope $\gamma$ = 2 (with 90 per cent c.l. interval [1.7–2.2]). From the lack of detections in this extensive data set (besides 231115A in M82), we derive a 90 per cent c.l. upper limit on the rate of MGF with $E &gt; 3 \times 10^{45}$ erg of ${\sim}2\times 10^{-3}\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$ per magnetar and a lower limit on $R(&gt;E) $ of ${\sim} 4\times 10^{-4}\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$ magnetar$^{-1}$ for $E &lt; 10^{45}$ erg.