bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Use of Artificial X-Rays for Educational and Intraoperative Guidance During C-Arm Positioning
Authors: Touchette Michele , Anglin Carolyn , Guy Pierre , Amlani Meena , Hodgson Antony J. 
Published: February 2018

Fluoroscopic C-arms are operated by medical radiography technologists (RTs) in the Canadian operating room (OR). While they do receive formal, accredited training, most of this training is theoretical, rather than hands-on. During their first encounters in the OR, new RTs can experience difficulty achieving the radiographic views required by surgeons, often needing several scout X-rays during C-arm positioning before achieving the correct anatomical view. Furthermore, ambiguous language by surgeons often inadequately conveys their request (Pally 2013). The result is often frustration, unnecessary radiation exposure, and added OR time (Booij 2007).Several groups have tried to address this problem by overlaying artificial X-ray images on a live video feed (Chen 2013, Reaungamornat 2012, Müller 2011). Others have used artificial X-rays for simulation training (Bott 2008, Gong 2014, Cleary 2004). Though the intent is to improve C-arm positioning accuracy and efficiency during orthopaedic procedures, these systems have primarily been evaluated on system accuracy and not on their potential to decrease radiation exposure inside the OR or C-arm positioning time.The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the value of artificial X-rays in enhancing C-arm positioning performance using inexperienced users.
Intraoperative Workflow Optimization by Using a Universal Foot Switch for Open Integrated OR Systems in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Janss Armin , Vitting Anna , Strathen Benjamin , Strake Melanie , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: February 2018

Nowadays, foot switches are used in almost every operating theatre to support the interaction with medical devices. Foot switches are especially used to release risk- sensitive functions of e.g. the drilling device, the high-frequency device or the X-ray C- arm. In general, the use of foot switches facilitates the work, since they enable the surgeon to use both hands exclusively for the manipulation within the operation procedures. Due to the increasing number of (complex) devices controlled by foot switches, the surgeons face a variety of challenges regarding usability and safety of these human-machine-interfaces.In the future, the approach of integrated medical devices in the OR on the basis of the open communication standard IEEE 11073 gives the opportunity to provide a central surgical cockpit with a universal foot switch for the surgeon, enabling the interaction with various devices different manufacturers. In the framework of the ongoing OR.NET initiative founded on the basis of the OR.NET research project (2012- 2016) a novel concept for a universal foot switch (within the framework of a surgical workstation) has been developed in order to optimize the intraoperative workflow for the OR-personnel.Here, we developed three wireless functional models of a universal foot switch together with a standardised modular interface for visual feedback via a central surgical cockpit display. Within the development of our latest foot switch, the requirements have been inter alia to provide adequate functionalities to cover the needs for the interventions in the medical disciplines orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery and ENT.The evaluation has been conducted within an interaction-centered usability analysis with surgeons from orthopaedics, neurosurgery and ENT. By using the Thinking Aloud technique in a Wizard-of-Oz experiment the usability criteria effectiveness, learnability and user satisfaction have been analysed.Regarding learnability 83.25% of the subjects stated that the usage of the universal foot switch is easy to learn. An average of 77,2% of users rated the usability of the universal foot switch between good and excellent on the SUS scale. The intuitiveness of the graphical user interface has been approved with 91.75% and the controllability with 83.25%. Finally, 86% of the subjects stated a high user satisfaction.
Patient Specific Simulated Dynamics Following TKA Correlate With Patient Reported Outcomes
Authors: Twiggs Joshua Guy , Theodore Willy , Ruys Andrew , Fritsch Brett , Roe Justin , Dickison David , Miles Brad 
Published: February 2018

Component alignment cannot fully explain TKA performance with regards to patient reported outcomes and pain. Patient specific variations in musculoskeletal anatomy are one explanation for this. Computational simulations allow for the impact of component alignment and variable patient specific musculoskeletal anatomy on dynamics to be studied across populations. This study aims to determine if simulated dynamics correlate with Patient Reported Outcomes.Landmarking of key anatomical points and 3D registration of implants was performed on 96 segmented post-operative CT scans of TKAs. A cadaver rig validated platform for generating patient specific rigid body musculoskeletal models was used to assess the resultant motions. Resultant dynamics were segmented and tested for differentiation with and correlation to a 6 month postoperative Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).Significant negative correlations were found between the postoperative KOOS symptoms score and the rollback occurring in midflexion (p&lt;0.001), quadriceps force in mid flexion (p=0.025) and patella tilt throughout flexion (p=0.009, p=0.005, p=0.010 at 10°, 45° and 90° of flexion). A significant positive correlation was found between lateral shit of the patella through flexion and the symptoms score. (p=0.012) Combining a varus/valgus angular change from extension to full flexion between 0° and 4° (long leg axis) and measured rollback of no more than 6mm without roll forward forms a ‘kinematic safe zone’ of outcomes in which the postoperative KOOS score is 11.5 points higher (p=0.013).The study showed statistically significant correlations between kinematic factors in a simulation of postoperative TKR and post-operative KOOS scores. The presence of a ‘kinematic safe zone’ in the data suggests a patient specific optimisation target for any given individual patient and the opportunity to preoperatively determine a patient specific alignment target.
Analysis of Gender-Specific Aspects of the Morphology of the Distal Femur
Authors: Asseln Malte , Hänisch Christoph , Schick Fabian , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: February 2018

In total knee arthroplasty (TKA) the implant design is one key factor for a proper functional restoration of the diseased knee. Therefore, detailed knowledge on the shape (morphology) is essential to guide the design process. In literature, the morphology has been extensively studied revealing differences, e.g. between ethnicity and gender. However, it is still unclear in which way gender-specific morphological differences are sexual dimorphism or explained by differences in size.The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology of the distal femur under gender-specific aspects for a large group of patients. Statistical analysis was used to reveal significant differences and subsequent correlation analysis to normalize the morphology.A dataset of n=363 segmented distal femoral bone surface reconstructions (229 female, 134 male) were randomly collected from a database of patients which underwent TKA. In total, 34 morphological features (distances, angles), quantifying the distal femoral geometry, were determined full automatically. Subsequently, graphs and descriptive statistics were used to check normality and gender-specific differences were analyzed by calculating the 95% confidence intervals for women and men separately. Finally, significant differences were normalized by dividing each feature by appropriate distance measurements and confidence intervals were recalculated.Looking at the confidence 95% intervals, 6 of 34 features did not show any significant differences between genders. Remarkably, this primarily involves angular (relative) features whereas distance (absolute) measurements were mostly gender dependent. Then, we normalized all distance measurements and radii according to their direction of measurement: Features defined in medial/lateral (ML) direction were divided by the overall ML width and those following the anterior/posterior direction were normalized based on the overall AP length. The results demonstrated that gender- specific differences mostly disappear by using an adequate normalization term.In conclusion, implant sizes (femoral components) should not be linearly scaled according to one dimension. Instead, ML and AP directions should be regarded separately (non-isotropic scaling). Taking this into consideration, gender-specific differences might be neglected.
A Machine Learning Framework for Intraoperative Segmentation and Quality Assessment of Pedicle Screw X-Rays
Authors: Esfandiari Hooman , Anglin Carolyn , Street John , Guy Pierre , Hodgson Antony J. 
Published: February 2018

Pedicle screw fixation is a technically demanding procedure with potential difficulties and reoperation rates are currently on the order of 11%. The most common intraoperative practice for position assessment of pedicle screws is biplanar fluoroscopic imaging that is limited to two-dimensions and is associated to low accuracies. We have previously introduced a full-dimensional position assessment framework based on registering intraoperative X-rays to preoperative volumetric images with sufficient accuracies. However, the framework requires a semi-manual process of pedicle screw segmentation and the intraoperative X-rays have to be taken from defined positions in space in order to avoid pedicle screws’ head occlusion. This motivated us to develop advancements to the system to achieve higher levels of automation in the hope of higher clinical feasibility.In this study, we developed an automatic segmentation and X-ray adequacy assessment protocol. An artificial neural network was trained on a dataset that included a number of digitally reconstructed radiographs representing pedicle screw projections from different points of view. This model was able to segment the projection of any pedicle screw given an X-ray as its input with accuracy of 93% of the pixels. Once the pedicle screw was segmented, a number of descriptive geometric features were extracted from the isolated blob. These segmented images were manually labels as ‘adequate’ or ‘not adequate’ depending on the visibility of the screw axis. The extracted features along with their corresponding labels were used to train a decision tree model that could classify each X-ray based on its adequacy with accuracies on the order of 95%.In conclusion, we presented here a robust, fast and automated pedicle screw segmentation process, combined with an accurate and automatic algorithm for classifying views of pedicle screws as adequate or not. These tools represent a useful step towards full automation of our pedicle screw positioning assessment system.
Wire Placement in the Lisfranc Joint Using a 2D Projection-Based Software Application for Mobile C-Arms: an Experimental Study in 20 Cadaver Specimens
Authors: Swartman Benedict , Schnetzke Marc , Beisemann Nils , Keil Holger , Franke Jochen , Grützne Paul Alfred , Vetter Sven 
Published: February 2018

In the surgical treatment of Lisfranc injuries, percutaneous wire transfixation of thetarsometatarsal complex can be challenging due to it’s small corridors and complex anatomy. A novel 2D projection-based software application detects Kirschner wires (K- wires) and automatically indicates their intended direction as a colored trajectory. The aim was to investigate whether the software facilitates K-wire placement in the Lisfranc joint for the inexperienced and the experienced surgeon.In 20 cadaver foot specimens, 5 K-wires were retrogradely placed into the tarsometatarsal complex from D1-D5 by an experienced and an inexperienced surgeon, with and without using the application. The specimens were presented in pairs; surgeons and software use were equally randomized. Number of placement attempts, duration of procedure, fluoroscopy time, and number of individual fluoroscopy images were recorded.Use of the software by the inexperienced surgeon significantly reduced the number of placement attempts from 14.2 to 8.8 (p=0.008). The application also reduced the number of fluoroscopy images from 44.8 to 40.8 (p=0.230). Duration of procedure and fluoroscopy time were not affected significantly. The experienced surgeon needed more placement attempts using the software (8.2 vs. 9.2; p=0.351). Duration of procedure, fluoroscopy time and number of fluoroscopy images increased while using the software, yet not significantly.During percutaneous K-wire transfixation of the Lisfranc joint, the novel software is a useful tool for the inexperienced surgeon. In our chosen study setting, the experienced surgeon did not benefit from the software.Due to its independency on fixed reference markers or registration processes, the software contributes to the procedures in orthopedic surgery.
Quantifying Dynamic Assessment of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Paserin Olivia , Quader Niamul , Mulpuri Kishore , Cooper Anthony , Schaeffer Emily , Hodgson Antony J. , Abugharbieh Rafeef 
Published: February 2018

Although physical and ultrasound (US)-based screening for congenital deformities of the hip (developmental dysplasia of the hip, or DDH) is routinely performed in most countries, one of the most commonly performed maneuvers done under ultrasound observation - dynamic assessment - has been shown to be relatively unreliable and is associated with significant misdiagnosis rates, on the order of 29%.Our overall research objective is to develop a quantitative method of assessing hip instability, which we hope will standardize diagnosis across different raters and health-centers, and may perhaps improve reliability of diagnosis. To quantify dynamic assessment, we propose to use the variability in femoral head coverage (FHC) measurements within multiple US scans collected during a dynamic assessment. In every US scan, we use our recently-developed automatic FHC measuring tool which leverages phase symmetry features to approximate vertical cortex of ilium and a random forest classifier to identify approximate location of the femoral head. Having estimated FHC in each scan, we estimate the change in FHC across all the US scans during a dynamic assessment and compare this change with variability of FHC found in previous studies.Our findings - in a dynamic assessment on an infant done by an orthopaedic surgeon, the femoral centre moved by up to 19% of its diameter during distraction, from 55% FHC to 74% FHC. This change in FHC is slightly greater than its variability in static US scans reported in previous studies, suggesting that the distraction force likely produced a real lateral displacement. Our clinician’s qualitative assessment concluded the hip to be normal as this degree of distraction was not indicative of instability. This suggests that our technique likely has sufficient resolution and repeatability to quantify differences in laxity between stable and unstable hips, although this presumption will have to be confirmed in a subsequent study with additional subjects. The long-term significance of this approach to evaluating dynamic assessments may lie in increasing early diagnostic sensitivity in order to prevent dysplasia remaining undetected prior to manifesting itself in early adulthood joint disease.
PERBANDINGAN ESTIMASI ANGGARAN BIAYA DENGAN METODE SNI DAN BOW
Authors: Putra Mahardika Rahmawan , Affandy Nur Azizah 
Published: February 2018

The concept of drafting the Budget Plan (RAB) project is done based on an analysis of each constituent component for every work items on the entire project. This calculation analysis use two methods, SNI method and BOW method. This calculation uses the analysis of unit price in 2016. From the calculation, the analysis of unit prices in the construction of religious ministry office in Lamongan Regencyshows that the budget estimation using SNI method is more economical. SNI method has more economical budget in the amount of Rp. 709,743,313.65 compared to BOW method, amountedRp 1,759,104,217.65. The difference of those two methods is Rp. 1,049,360,904. This result occurs because the coefficient for SNI method is lower than the BOW method.
EVALUASI DAERAH IRIGASI BENGAWAN JERO KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Setiawan Aris , Affandy Nur Azizah 
Published: February 2018

Bengawan Jero Irrigation Area is located in the District Administration of Work Areas Karangbinangun, Lamongan.Objective of the research that for determine the level of damage that occurred in Bengawan Jero Irrigation Area and determine the priority scale rehabilitation of irrigation area of Bengawan Jero damage. Based on the analysis and discussion, analysis of priority rehabilitation of irrigation area of Bengawan Jero using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) give first priority to sub-system 05 = 0.68. The next priority is a sub-system 07 = 0.44, subsystem 01 = 0.23, sub-system 09 = 0.70, sub-system 03 = 0.25, sub-system 10 = 0.42, sub-system 11 = 0.65 , sub-system 06 = 0.52, sub-system 08 = 0.54, sub-system 04 = 0.50 and last priority is the sub system 02 = 0.23. Selection of rehabilitation alternatives tailored to the available funds. If the available funds are insufficient for the rehabilitation of irrigation area Bengawan overall Jerothen rehabilitation can put emphasis on the primary channel only
PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA TENAGA KERJA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG MTsN II BOJONEGORO
Authors: Ratna Sari Ayu Kurnia 
Published: February 2018

The purpose of the study were 1) to describe motivation ,and work environment on performance of building construction project personnel MTsN II Bojonegoro., 2) to determine and analyze the simultaneous effect of simultaneous motivation and working environment significantly against performance of building construction project personnel MTsN II Bojonegoro , 3) to determine and analyze the partial effect motivation and working environment significantly to the performance of building construction project personnel MTsN II Bojonegoro, 4) to determine and analyze between , motivation, and working environment has dominant influence towards performance of building construction project personnel MTsN II Bojonegoro.This research was conducted with a population of as many as 27 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire in the form of a statement list. Data analysis technique used is the multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 17.0. Based on the results obtained regression analysis test F value of 11.128 with a signification level of 0.000, which means that simultaneous motivate and work environment has a significant influence on the performance of.The value of building construction project personnel MTsN II Bojonegoro coefficient of determinant of = 0.481 means that 48.1% of medical personnel’s performance can be explained by the motivation and the environment and the rest 51.9% influence by other variables beyond the motivation and work environment.t value variable motivation () of 3.239 with a significance level of 0.003. t value variable environment () amounted to 2.516 with significance level of 0.003
Simulasi Alat Pengendali Otomasi Pintu Gerbang dan Garasi Menggunakan Pemancar Radio RF dan Sensor IR
Authors: Raharjo Nahdia , Putra M Titon Jaya 
Published: February 2018

Berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang terbaru pada zaman sekarang ini semakin banyak memberikan kemudahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dimana segala hal yang banyak diterapkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi dengan mesin ataupun elektronika, sehingga pekerjaan manusia dapat dikerjakan dengan mudah tanpa harus membuang tenaga dan menghemat waktu. Berbagai alat rumah tangga hingga alat-alat pekerjaan banyak yang sudah menggunakan alat elektronik tersebut, sehingga pekerjaan manusia jauh lebih ringan dan mudah. Sebagai salah satu contoh pemanfaatan frekuensi radio yang bukan hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana komunikasi juga dapat sebagai pengendali jarak jauh. Yang juga di padukan dengan sensor infrared sebagai pengaman system, serta di lengkapi dengan SCR sebagai saklar aktif.
Salah satu sistem kemudahan yang dimiliki pintu gerbang ini adalah sistem kendali buka pintu gerbang dengan remote. Dengan menekan saklar pada remote control pintu gerbang atau garasi dapat kita kendalikan membuka atau menutup tanpa menarik atau mendorongnya, dan juga di tambahkan satu fitur sebagai saklar reset, yang berguna untuk menghentikan putaran motor-motor DC.
System kerja alat ini menggunakan pemancar dan penerima radio RF yang berfrekuensi 40 MHz ,dengan mengirimkan pulsa-pulsa dengan menggunakan IC TX-2 T1143 sebagai pengirim sinyal pulsa dan IC RX-2 30905286 yang berjarak kurang dari 10 m.
Efek Hujan Asam terhadap Pertum buhan Tanaman
Authors: Nasihah Mimatun 
Published: February 2018

Pencemaran Udara adalah peristiwa masuknya, atau tercampurnya, polutan (unsur-unsur berbahaya) ke dalam lapisan udara (atmosfer) yang dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya kualitas udara (lingkungan). (Hogan, 1973). Hujan asam diartikan sebagai berbagai macam hujan dengan pH di bawah 5,6. Hujan secara alami bersifat asam (pH sedikit di bawah 6) karena karbondioksida (CO2) di udara yang larut dengan air hujan memiliki bentuk sebagai asam lemah. Tanaman dipengaruhi oleh hujan asam dalam berbagai macam cara. Lapisan lilin pada daun rusak sehingga nutrisi menghilang sehingga tanaman tidak tahan terhadap keadaan dingin, jamur dan serangga. Pertumbuhan akar menjadi lambat sehingga lebih sedikit nutrisi yang bisa diambil, dan mineral-mineral penting menjadi hilang. Metode penelitian ini eksperimen yakni Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental yaitu suatu penelitian yang dengan sengaja peneliti melakukan manipulasi terhadap satu atau lebih variabel dengan suatu cara tertentu sehingga berpengaruh pada satu atau lebih variabel lain yang diukur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh hujan asam terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman. Semakin banyak hujan asam/semakin rendah pH air maka pertumbuhan tanaman semakin tidak normal, tidak hanya pertumbuhan yang tidak normal tetapi banya k tanaman yang tidak bisa tumbuh.
Percepción de profesionales y académicos sobre los conocimientos y competencias necesarios en el publicitario actual
Authors: Sánchez-Sánchez Cristina , Fernández-Cavia José 
Published: February 2018

Se realiza un mapa general de los conocimientos y competencias más importantes actualmente para los profesionales, profesores y gestores universitarios de la industria de la publicidad española. Se consideran la irrupción de Internet y de las nuevas tecnologías y la aparente desconexión entre el mundo profesional y el académico en este sector. Metodología. Encuesta a 138 individuos y entrevistas a 19 profesionales y profesores y gestores universitarios del sector de la publicidad. Resultados y discusión. Las competencias específicas de la profesión como las relacionadas con la estrategia, la relación con el cliente y las habilidades comunicativas se perciben como importantes, mientras que las relacionadas con la historia y la teoría de la publicidad son percibidas como poco útiles. Las competencias relacionadas con el aprendizaje autónomo y la capacidad de adaptación y dominio del entorno son percibidas como relevantes. Aparecen nuevas competencias relacionadas con el conocimiento de softwares específicos y de las nuevas tecnologías.