bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing perspectives on ‘the demonstration’ as a signature pedagogy in design and technology education
Authors: McLain Matt 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper builds on a previous study of the ‘demonstration’ as a signature pedagogy in design and technology (D&T). The demonstration is a fundamental pedagogical tool in practical subjects, for the development of learners’ procedural knowledge, from observation and imitation to autonomy and adaption of a technique. As such, it tends to align itself at the restrictive end of an expansive–restrictive pedagogical continuum. In the preceding study, a dialogue emerged around the role of the teacher as a “competent management of the learning experience”, including teachers’ competency and clarity of subject knowledge. The findings of this study highlight two similar, yet distinct, perspectives of the teacher as anexpertand the teacher as afacilitator. This study continues a developing professional conversation around the nature of the demonstration, exploring a snapshot of teacher educators’ subjective beliefs and values. The responses of the participants to a set of 62 statements, representing a range of potential opinions and perspectives, were deployed and analysed using Q Methodology. The sample is purposive and comprised of D&T teacher educators based in England. The study draws parallels with direct instruction and demonstration, and concludes that there different approaches to and ways of viewing demonstration. In addition, further consideration of the expansive–restrictive continuum as a framework for planning and evaluating learning in D&T may support theorisation of the subject, inculcation of theory and research informed practice.
Service design for public transportation to address the issue of females’ fear of crime
Authors: Kim Hyunjin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn conjunction with their gender, how does the current design of public transport services affect female passengers’ feelings of safety and fear when using the service? This study explores the influential service design attributes of the London Underground on fear of crime in female users through abductive reasoning, in which a hypothesis is provisionally selected by constantly moving back and forth between data and existing theories to find the best possible explanation of the researched phenomenon. Consequently, it proposes a conceptual model for understanding female passengers’ fear of crime in connection with public transport services and suggests influential factors of public transport service design when considering the social problem. It, therefore, draws a more befitting frame of reference for design and improvement of public transport services to ameliorate fear of crime than those based simply on crime prevention.
Anthropometric measurements of singleton live full-term newborns in Aden, Yemen
Authors: Ba-Saddik Iman Ali , Al-Asbahi Thuriya Omer 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Neonatal anthropometry is the single most portable, universally applicable cheap, and noninvasive technique that deals with a variety of human body measurements. The anthropometric data for newborns, infants and children reflect their general health, nutritional status, and future survival by tracking trends in growth and development over time.

Patients and methods:
The present study was conducted on 1000 Yemeni singleton live full-term newborns (37–42 weeks gestation), 488 males and 512 females during first 24 h of delivery at Al-Sadaqa Teaching Hospital, Aden, Yemen during the years 2002–2003.

Results:
The data analysis of seven anthropometric values for 1000 Yemeni term newborns of both sexes revealed the mean birth weight and SD was 3113.04 g (±519.52), crown-heel length, head, chest, midarm, abdominal and calf circumferences were 48.91 (1.62), 33.78 (1.13), 32.09 (1.48), 10.09 (1.02), 30.10 (1.92), and 10.94 (1.04) respectively. The Ponderal Index was calculated with mean value of 2.65 (0.40). This study showed significant sex differences in all the anthropometric measurements principally in the birth weight (3187.66 versus 3039.04) and crown-heel length CHL (49.28 versus 48.53). (P < .001). The best cut-off point to determine LBW was calf circumference (8.5 cm), which showed the most significant correlation with birth weight (r = 0.5) followed by chest (r = 0.44) and mid-arm circumference (r = 0.41).

Conclusions:
This study of normal reference values will provide basic step for future standardization of Yemen anthropometric parameters to be used for accurate assessment, development and maturity of newborn births that would lead to identify newborns at risk and help in better management.
Chinese herbal medicine Qinggongshoutao for the treatment of amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A 52‐week randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tian Jinzhou , Shi Jing , Wei Mingqing , Ni Jingnian , Fang Zhiyong , Gao Jinyu , Wang Heng , Yao Hongjun , Zhang Jintao , Li Juntao , Min Min , Su Likai , Sun Xiuqiao , Wang Baoai , Wang Baoshen , Yang Faming , Zou Yong , Hu Yueqiang , Lin Yaming , Xu Guangyin , Li Kang , Li Lei , Zhen Hui , Xu Jinyan , Chen Keji , Wang Yongyan ,   CHARM study group
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis randomized, double‐blind trial aimed to test effect of a Chinese herbal medicine, Qinggongshoutao (QGST) pill, on the cognition and progression of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).MethodsPatients with aMCI were randomly assigned to receive QGST, Ginkgo biloba extract, or placebo for 52 weeks. The primary outcome measures were progression to possible or probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and change in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale scores; secondary outcome measures included assessments for cognition and function.ResultsTotal 350 patients were enrolled, possible or probable AD developed in 10. There were significant differences in the probability of progression to AD in the QGST group (1.15%) compared with placebo group (10%). There was significant difference in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale scores in favor of QGST over the placebo group. Secondary outcome measure (Mini‐Mental State Examination) also showed benefit in QGST at end point.DiscussionIn patients with aMCI, QGST showed lower AD progression rate than placebo at 8.85%, and may have benefit on global cognition.
Magnetic attitude tracking control of gravity gradient microsatellite in orbital transfer
Authors: Sun Liang , Wang Zhiwen , Zhao Guowei , Huang Hai 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe problem of the magnetic attitude tracking control is studied for a gravity gradient microsatellite in orbital transfer. The contributions of the work are mainly shown in two aspects: (1) the design of an expected attitude trajectory; (2) a method of the magnetic attitude tracking control. In orbital transfer, the gravity gradient microsatellite under a constant thrust shows complicated dynamic behaviours. In order to damp out the pendular motion, the gravity gradient microsatellite is subject to the the attitude tracking problem. An expected attitude trajectory is designed based on dynamic characteristics revealed in the paper, which not only ensures the flight safety of the system, but also reduces the energy consumption of the controller. Besides, the control torque produced by a magnetorquer is constrained to lie in a two-dimensional plane orthogonal to the magnetic field, so an auxiliary compensator is proposed to improve the control performance, which is different from existing magnetic control methods. In addition, a sliding mode control based on the compensator is presented, and the Lyapunov stability analysis is performed to show the global convergence of the tracking error. Finally, a numerical case of the gravity gradient microsatellite is studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed tracking control.
The Essence of the Fundamental Right to Equal Treatment: Back to the Origins
Authors: Muir Elise 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe principle of equal treatment is essential to the process of European integration. It is one of the main principles – if not the main principle – driving this process forward. Equal treatment between States and the prohibition to discriminate on grounds of nationality are indeed cornerstones of the European project. Furthermore, the principle of equal treatment is a fundamental right according to which comparable situations must not be treated differently, and that different situations must not be treated in the same way unless such treatment is objectively justified. This fundamental right has also been given more specific expression in a set of Treaty provisions and Directives prohibiting discrimination on grounds of sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age, or sexual orientation. Precisely because the principle of equal treatment performs several important functions in the EU legal order, it is shaped by several sets of actors: constituent powers, legislature and judiciary. The article first maps out the various functions that the principle of equal treatment fulfills in EU law, placing emphasis on the complexity of the relevant constitutional framework. This sets the floor for a critical discussion on how different institutional visions of the principle may compete, and a reflection of the role of the concept of ‘essence’ to articulate these competing visions.
The Essence of the Fundamental Right to an Effective Remedy and to a Fair Trial in the Case-Law of the Court of Justice of the European Union: The Best Is Yet to Come?
Authors: Gutman Kathleen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis contribution examines the developing contours of the essence of the fundamental right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial in the light of salient case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It is divided into three main parts. The first part provides an overview of the meaning of the essence of fundamental rights in EU law and the scope of the inquiry in relation to Article 47 of the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of the European Union (“the Charter”). The second part evaluates the essence of the fundamental right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial in connection with justified limitations that may be placed on its exercise as provided for in Article 52(1) of the Charter within the framework of the EU system of fundamental rights protection, which in turn implicates the relationship with the Court’s case-law on national procedural autonomy, equivalence, and effectiveness. The third part delves into the essence of the fundamental right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial within the framework of the EU system of judicial protection, as illustrated by the Court’s case-law in several areas, including standing for individuals in direct actions before the EU courts, judicial independence, and restrictive measures in the Common Foreign and Security Policy. Through this analysis, the author argues that, while much awaits further refinement, certain recent developments in the Court’s case–law indicate that the essence of the fundamental right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial can play a meaningful role in the EU system of fundamental rights protection and the EU system of judicial protection more broadly, and thus the best may be yet to come as that case-law progresses in the future.
The ECHR and the Essence of Fundamental Rights: Searching for Sugar in Hot Milk?
Authors: Van Drooghenbroeck Sébastien , Rizcallah Cecilia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe concept of the “essence”—as well as the related concepts of “substance” or “core”—of fundamental rights is absent from the text of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), but regularly appears in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) since the Belgian Linguistic case of 1968. Yet, fifty years after its explicit emergence in the Convention’s legal order, it must be observed that a clear understanding of this concept and of its practical utility is still lacking. Indeed, the idea of the essence of fundamental rights has never been clearly defined in its case law, which remains essentially pragmatic and unprincipled in this field. This Article will therefore attempt to remedy this shortcoming by sketching out the different functions assigned to the concepts of the essence, substance, and core of rights in the ECtHR’s case law. It is postulated that the concepts of the essence, substance, and core of fundamental rights are invoked for three different types of purposes. First, the concepts of the essence, substance, and core are—apparently at least—used by the ECtHR to fix the “limit on the limits,” for example, the inalienable part of fundamental rights safeguarded from any possible restriction. Second, this concept has been a vehicle for expanding the Convention’s sphere of protection for the purposes of guaranteeing its effectiveness. Third, the concepts of the essence, substance, and core of fundamental rights also constitute a “reviewing tool” used by the Court to determine the intensity of the States’ obligations on the basis of a prioritization among a series of values at stake. Although these three different functions can be identified on paper, the practical usefulness, workability, and desirability of the concepts of the essence, substance, and core will be questioned.
Fluid deformable surfaces
Authors: Voigt A. 
Published: September 2019

Lipid membranes are examples of fluid deformable surfaces, which can be viewed as two-dimensional viscous fluids with bending elasticity. With this solid–fluid duality any shape change contributes to tangential flow and vice versa any tangential flow on a curved surface induces shape deformations. This tight coupling between shape and flow makes curvature a natural element of the governing equations. The modelling and numerical tools outlined in Torres-Sánchez et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 872, 2019, pp. 218–271) open a new field of study by enabling the exploration of the role of curvature in this context.
Numerical stability analysis of a vortex ring with swirl
Authors: Hattori Yuji , Blanco-Rodríguez Francisco J. , Le Dizès Stéphane 
Published: September 2019

The linear instability of a vortex ring with swirl with Gaussian distributions of azimuthal vorticity and velocity in its core is studied by direct numerical simulation. The numerical study is carried out in two steps: first, an axisymmetric simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations is performed to obtain the quasi-steady state that forms a base flow; then, the equations are linearized around this base flow and integrated for a sufficiently long time to obtain the characteristics of the most unstable mode. It is shown that the vortex rings are subjected to curvature instability as predicted analytically by Blanco-Rodríguez & Le Dizès (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 814, 2017, pp. 397–415). Both the structure and the growth rate of the unstable modes obtained numerically are in good agreement with the analytical results. However, a small overestimation (e.g. 22 % for a curvature instability mode) by the theory of the numerical growth rate is found for some instability modes. This is most likely due to evaluation of the critical layer damping which is performed for the waves on axisymmetric line vortices in the analysis. The actual position of the critical layer is affected by deformation of the core due to the curvature effect; as a result, the damping rate changes since it is sensitive to the position of the critical layer. Competition between the curvature and elliptic instabilities is also investigated. Without swirl, only the elliptic instability is observed in agreement with previous numerical and experimental results. In the presence of swirl, sharp bands of both curvature and elliptic instabilities are obtained for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}=a/R=0.1$, where $a$ is the vortex core radius and $R$ the ring radius, while the elliptic instability dominates for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}=0.18$. New types of instability mode are also obtained: a special curvature mode composed of three waves is observed and spiral modes that do not seem to be related to any wave resonance. The curvature instability is also confirmed by direct numerical simulation of the full Navier–Stokes equations. Weakly nonlinear saturation and subsequent decay of the curvature instability are also observed.
Wave drag on asymmetric bodies
Authors: Benham G. P. , Boucher J. P. , Labbé R. , Benzaquen M. , Clanet C. 
Published: September 2019

An asymmetric body with a sharp leading edge and a rounded trailing edge produces a smaller wave disturbance moving forwards than backwards, and this is reflected in the wave drag coefficient. This experimental fact is not captured by Michell’s theory for wave drag (Michell Lond. Edinb. Dubl. Phil. Mag. J. Sci., vol. 45 (272), 1898, pp. 106–123). In this study, we use a tow-tank experiment to investigate the effects of asymmetry on wave drag, and show that these effects can be replicated by modifying Michell’s theory to include the growth of a symmetry-breaking boundary layer. We show that asymmetry can have either a positive or a negative effect on drag, depending on the depth of motion and the Froude number.
Formation of compound droplets during fragmentation of turbulent buoyant oil jet in water
Authors: Xue Xinzhi , Katz Joseph 
Published: September 2019

Fragmentation of a vertical buoyant silicone oil jet injected into sugar water is elucidated by refractive index matching and planar laser-induced fluorescence. Compound droplets containing multiple water droplets, some with smaller oil droplets, form regularly at jet Reynolds numbers of $Re=1358$ and 2122 and persist for at least up to 30 nozzle diameters. In contrast, they rarely appear at $Re=594$. The origin of some of the encapsulated water droplets can be traced back to the entrained water ligaments during the initial roll-up of Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices. Analysis using random forest-based procedures shows that the fraction of compound droplets does not vary significantly with $Re$, but increases rapidly with droplet diameter, reaching 78 % for 2 mm droplets. Consequently, the size distributions of compound droplets have peaks that increase in magnitude and shift to a lower diameter with increasing $Re$. On average, the interior pockets raise the oil–water interfacial area by 15 %, increasing with diameter and axial location. Also, while the oil droplets are deformed by the jet’s shear field, the interior interfaces remain nearly spherical, consistent with prior studies of the deformation of isolated compound droplets for relevant capillary numbers and viscosity ratio.
Effect of supplementation fat during the last 3 weeks of uterine life and the preweaning period on performance, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, passive immunity and health of the newborn calf
Authors: Jolazadeh A. R. , Mohammadabadi T. , Dehghan-banadaky M. , Chaji M. , Garcia M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing essential fatty acids (FA), during late gestation and the preweaning and early weaning periods on passive immunity, growth, health, rumen fermentation parameters, blood metabolites and behaviour of dairy calves. During the last 3 weeks of pregnancy, cattle (n 120), within parity, were randomly assigned to one of three diets with different fat supplements: (a) no supplemental fat (CON), (b) supplement rich in linoleic acid (CSO), or (c) supplement rich in EPA and DHA (CFO). Eighty-four newborn Holstein calves were randomly assigned, within the prepartum diets, to one of two calf starters: no fat supplement (FC-0) or 2 % Ca-salt of unsaturated FA (FC-2). Overall, the interaction between dam diets and calf starters did not affect calf performance or any other parameter measured. Calves born from dams fed fat (CSO or CFO) performed better than calves born from dams fed CON. Namely, calves born from dams fed fat had greater plasma concentrations of IgG (P < 0·01), better apparent efficiency of IgG absorption (P < 0·01) and average daily gain (ADG, 597 v. 558 g/d; P = 0·02), and lower rectal temperature (RT; P < 0·01). Calves fed a calf starter rich in unsaturated FA (FC-2) had greater (P ≤ 0·01) ADG, skeletal growth, feed efficiency, and weaning weight compared with FC-0-fed calves. Furthermore, calves fed FC-2 had lower RT during the pre- and post-weaning periods (P ≤ 0·04) and fewer days with diarrhoea (P < 0·001) compared with calves fed CF-0. Time spent eating, ruminating, standing, lying, and on non-nutritive oral behaviour did not differ by treatment. Similarly, treatments did not affect ruminal fermentation parameters. At 28 and 77 d of age, calves fed CF-2 had higher plasma concentrations of albumin and cholesterol (P ≤ 0·02) and lower urea N compared with calves fed CF-0. Plasma concentrations of alkaline phosphatase were higher in calves fed CF-2 compared with those fed CF-0, when they were 77 d old. These findings support feeding moderate amounts of long-chain PUFA during late uterine life or during the preweaning period have beneficial effects on calf metabolism, growth, and health performance.
Grammar learning strategies as a key to mastering second language grammar: A research agenda
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough major advances have been made in research on language learning strategies (LLS), there are some areas that have been somewhat surprisingly neglected by specialists. This applies without doubt to the strategies that learners draw on to better understand and learn grammar rules but also to employ grammar structures in real-time processing, as required in spontaneous communication. In this paper, I outline a research agenda for grammar learning strategies (GLS), identifying three distinct lines of inquiry: (1) identification and measurement of GLS, (2) examination of factors moderating GLS use, and (3) strategies-based instruction as applied to GLS. Although these three areas are to some extent reflective of the main foci of empirical investigations in research on LLS, in each case, I try to demonstrate how cutting-edge theoretical and empirical developments can be applied to the study of GLS. For each of the three areas, I propose research tasks the execution of which has the potential of moving research on GLS forward.
TENSOR PRODUCTS OF STEINBERG ALGEBRAS
Authors: RIGBY SIMON W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe prove that$A_{R}(G)\otimes _{R}A_{R}(H)\cong A_{R}(G\times H)$if$G$and$H$are Hausdorff ample groupoids. As part of the proof, we give a new universal property of Steinberg algebras. We then consider the isomorphism problem for tensor products of Leavitt algebras, and show that no diagonal-preserving isomorphism exists between$L_{2,R}\otimes L_{3,R}$and$L_{2,R}\otimes L_{2,R}$. In fact, there are no unexpected diagonal-preserving isomorphisms between tensor products of finitely many Leavitt algebras. We give an easy proof that every$\ast$-isomorphism of Steinberg algebras over the integers preserves the diagonal, and it follows that$L_{2,\mathbb{Z}}\otimes L_{3,\mathbb{Z}}\not \cong L_{2,\mathbb{Z}}\otimes L_{2,\mathbb{Z}}$(as$\ast$-rings).
ON 2-HOLONOMY
Authors: ABBASPOUR HOSSEIN , WAGEMANN FRIEDRICH 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe construct a cycle in higher Hochschild homology associated to the two-dimensional torus which represents 2-holonomy of a nonabelian gerbe in the same way as the ordinary holonomy of a principal G-bundle gives rise to a cycle in ordinary Hochschild homology. This is done using the connection 1-form of Baez–Schreiber. A crucial ingredient in our work is the possibility to arrange that in the structure crossed module$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}:\mathfrak{h}\rightarrow \mathfrak{g}$of the principal 2-bundle, the Lie algebra$\mathfrak{h}$is abelian, up to equivalence of crossed modules.