bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyp expansion of passive suspension feeders: a red coral case study
Authors: Rossi Sergio , Rizzo Lucia , Duchêne Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2019

Polyp activity in passive suspension feeders has been considered to be affected by several environmental factors such as hydrodynamics, water temperature and food concentration. To better elucidate the driving forces controlling polyp expansion in these organisms and the potential role of particle concentration, the octocoral Corallium rubrum was investigated in accordance with two approaches: (1) high-frequency in-situ observations examining various environmental and biological variables affecting the water column, and (2) video-recorded flume-controlled laboratory experiments performed under a range of environmental and biological conditions, in terms of water temperature, flow speed, chemical signals and zooplankton. In the field, C. rubrum polyp expansion correlated positively with particle (seston and zooplankton) concentration and current speed. This observation was confirmed by the flume video records of the laboratory experiments, which showed differences in polyp activity due to changes in temperature and current speed, but especially in response to increasing nutritional stimuli. The maximum activity was observed at the highest level of nutritional stimulus consisting of zooplankton. Zooplankton and water movement appeared to be the main factors controlling polyp expansion. These results suggest that the energy budget of passive suspension feeders (and probably the benthic community as a whole) may rely on their ability to maximise prey capture during food pulses. The latter, which may be described as discontinuous organic matter (dead or alive) input, may be the key to a better understanding of benthic-pelagic coupling processes and trophic impacts on animal forests composed of sessile suspension feeders.
Complete chloroplast genomes of medicinally importantTeucriumspecies and comparative analyses with related species from Lamiaceae
Authors: Khan Arif , Asaf Sajjad , Khan Abdul Latif , Khan Adil , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Al-Sudairy Omar , AbdulKareem Noor Mazin , Al-Saady Nadiya , Al-Rawahi Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

Teucriumis one of the most economically and ecologically important genera in the Lamiaceae family; however, it is currently the least well understood at the plastome level. In the current study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes ofT. stocksianumsubsp.stenophyllumR.A.King (TSS),T. stocksianumsubsp.stocksianumBoiss. (TS) andT. mascatenseBoiss. (TM) through next-generation sequencing and compared them with the cp genomes of related species in Lamiaceae (Ajuga reptansL.,Caryopteris mongholicaBunge,Lamium albumL.,Lamium galeobdolon(L.) Crantz, andStachys byzantinaK.Koch). The results revealed that the TSS, TS and TM cp genomes have sizes of 150,087, 150,076 and 150,499 bp, respectively. Similarly, the large single-copy (LSC) regions of TSS, TS and TM had sizes of 81,707, 81,682 and 82,075 bp, respectively. The gene contents and orders of these genomes were similar to those of other angiosperm species. However, various differences were observed at the inverted repeat (IR) junctions, and the extent of the IR expansion into ψrps19was 58 bp, 23 bp and 61 bp in TSS, TS and TM, respectively. Similarly, in all genomes, thepbsAgene was present in the LSC at varying distances from the JLA(IRa-LSC) junction. Furthermore, 89, 72, and 92 repeats were identified in the TSS, TM and TS cp genomes, respectively. The highest number of simple sequence repeats was found in TSS (128), followed by TS (127) and TM (121). Pairwise alignments of the TSS cp genome with related cp genomes showed a high degree of synteny. However, relatively lower sequence identity was observed when various coding regions were compared to those of related cp genomes. The average pairwise divergence among the complete cp genomes showed that TSS was more divergent from TM (0.018) than from TS (0.006). The current study provides valuable genomic insight into the genusTeucriumand its subspecies that may be applied to a more comprehensive study.
Controls of plant diversity and composition on a desert archipelago
Authors: Wilder Benjamin T. , Felger Richard S. , Ezcurra Exequiel 
Published: July 2019

AimWith the most robust floristic data set for any arid archipelago, we use statistical modeling to determine the underlying controls of plant diversity and species composition.LocationThe study was undertaken in the Midriff Islands of the Gulf of California, Mexico.MethodsUsing the area–diversity relationship we estimate the power coefficientzwith generalized linear models (GLM). We tested eight predictors (area, human presence, habitat diversity, topography, distance to mainland, island type, precipitation, and seabird dynamics) using a step-wise process on the same GLM procedure. Plant species composition was assessed by conducting a non-standardized principal component analysis on a presence-absence matrix of the 476 (plant species) × 14 (islands). Finally, families were tested for over or under representation with aX2analysis subjected to a Bonferroni correction.ResultsThe classic species-area model explained 85% of the variance in island plant diversity and yielded a slope (z) of 0.303 (±0.01). When the effect of area is removed, four additional factors were shown to account for observed variation; habitat diversity (34%), seabird dynamics (23%), island type (21%), topography (14%). Human presence and distance to mainland were not predictors of species richness. Species composition varies significantly with island area; small islands have a particular flora where certain families are overrepresented, such as Cactaceae, while the flora of larger islands is strongly dependent on the continental source.Main conclusionsThe factors that control diversity levels are expressions of geology, landscape heterogeneity, and land-sea connections. Species assemblages in small islands are governed by copious marine nutrients in the form of guano that depress species diversity. Distance to mainland and human presence hold no predictive power on diversity. The results show these islands to be isolated arid ecosystems with functioning ecological networks.
A Case of Delayed Duodenal Obstruction Due to Traumatic Fibrosis Following Seromuscular and Intramural Injury
Authors: Moriwaki Yoshihiro , Arata Shinju , Toyoda Hiroshi , Kosuge Takayuki , Iwashita Masayuki , Tahara Yoshio , Suzuki Noriyuki 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
Traumatic duodenal obstructions are rare, and most are caused by compression from intramural or retroperitoneal macroscopic hematomas. This report describes a very rare type of delayed traumatic duodenal obstruction without macroscopic intramural or extraluminal hematoma caused by traumatic fibrosis due to seromuscular and intramural injury and microscopic hemorrhage.

Case presentation:
A 31-year-old man was transferred to our center due to polytrauma with nausea and vomiting on day 53 after an accident. Gastrointestinal fiberscopy (GIF) on day 57 revealed an active stage small duodenal ulcer with patency of the pyloric ring. Although the patient underwent subdural drainage, the nausea and vomiting continued. A repeat GIF on day 91 revealed a duodenal ulcer with severe pyloric stenosis. GIF after nasogastric drainage on day 102 identified a severe pinhole stenosis. We performed surgery on day 106 and observed a constricted duodenal bulb due to a tumorous scar. We resected the stenotic section of the duodenal bulb including the pyloric ring.

Conclusion:
The histopathologic examination revealed constriction and fibrosis. Surgical options should be considered for patients with delayed duodenal obstruction without macroscopic hematoma around the duodenum after several months of hospitalization.
Variables Associated to Pathologic Complete Response, Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival in the Neoadjuvant Setting for Esophageal Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Takeda Flávio Roberto , Viyuela Mateus Silva , da Cruz Junior Jurandir Batista , Tustumi Francisco , Braghiroli Oddone Freitas Melro , Nobre Karolyne Ernesto Luiz , Junior Ulysses Ribeiro , Sallum Rubens Antonio Aissar , Cecconello Ivan 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate prognostic factors during neoadjuvant therapy that can predict pathologic complete response (pCR), overall survival (OS), or disease-free survival (DFS).

Summary of background data:
Variables that can predict tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy are required for esophageal cancer management.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort was performed with esophageal cancer patients submitted to neoadjuvant therapy. pCR, OS, and DFS were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to evaluate prognostic factors. This study covered 140 patients, 94 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and 44 adenocarcinomas. SCC is more often associated with pCR (compared to adenocarcinoma, OR: 8.07, 95% CI: 2.91–22.38); it has higher probability of DFS (HR for death or recurrence was 0.6, 95% CI: 0.37–0.98); and a higher probability of OS (HR for death was 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35–1). Gender, age, grade of cellular differentiation, chemotherapy regimen, and neoplasm circumferential involvement before neoadjuvant therapy are variables that are unrelated to DFS. Relief of dysphagia, and weight gain were also unrelated to the outcomes. In the multivariate analysis, the weight loss during neoadjuvant therapy was related to higher risk for recurrence or death (HR 1.02, 95% CI: 1–1.04). SCC histologic type was associated with higher probability of pCR, and higher OS and DFS rates. Gender, grade of cellular differentiation, and chemotherapy regimen are variables that are unrelated to pCR, OS, and DFS. Relief of dysphagia and increased levels of albumin after neoadjuvant therapy were also unrelated to the studied outcomes. Weight loss during neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with poor DFS rate in the multivariate analysis.
GATAD1 gene amplification promotes glioma malignancy by directly regulating CCND1 transcription
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Gao Min , Yu Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe GATAD1 gene overexpression induced by GATAD1 amplification upregulation is detected in different human tumors. To date, the relationship between GATAD1 amplification and glioma oncogenesis and malignancy is still unknown.MethodsGATAD1 gene amplification and expression were analyzed in 187 gliomas using qPCR and immunostaining. The relation of GATAD1 to patients’ prognoses was assessed via the Kaplan–Meier method. The MTT and orthotopic tumor transplantation assays were used to identify the function of GATAD1 in glioma proliferation. cDNA microarray, ChIP qPCR, EMSA and 3C were used to screen the downstream mechanism of GATAD1 regulating glioma proliferation.ResultsOur results indicated that GATAD1 gene amplification and GATAD1 gene expression are novel independent diagnosis biomarkers to indicate poor outcome of glioma patients. GATAD1 knockdown can remarkably suppress GBM cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. GATAD1 could promote CCND1 gene transcription by inducing long range chromatin architectural interaction on the CCND1 promoter. Then GATAD1 sequentially accelerates GBM cell cycle transition and proliferation via regulating CCND1.ConclusionsWe identify GATAD1 as a novel potential diagnosis biomarker and promising prognosis predictor in glioma patients. Functionally, we confirm GATAD1 as an epigenetic chromatin topological regulator that promotes glioma proliferation by targeting CCND1.
Bimetal−Organic Framework Derived High‐Valence‐State Cu‐Doped Co3O4 Porous Nanosheet Arrays for Efficient Oxygen Evolution and Water Splitting
Authors: Tian Yongshang , Cao Lijia , Qin Panpan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeveloping low‐cost, high‐efficient, and robust electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) holds promise for the future hydrogen economy through overall water splitting. Herein, Cu doped Co3O4 porous nanosheet arrays were synthesized on three‐dimensional (3D) nickel foam (Cu−Co3O4 NAs/NF) by a facile pyrolysis process of bimetal−organic frameworks precursors. The systematic experiments evidence that the Cu doping in Co3O4 materials not only results in affluent trivalent cobalt as active sites for OER electrocatalysis, but also modulates the nanosheet morphology to achieve high specific surface area and well‐exposed active sites. Moreover, the 3D electrode configuration simultaneously offers open‐channels for electron transport and gas products release. Benefitting from the exotic geometric and electronic structure, the engineered Cu−Co3O4 NAs/NF electrode exhibits outstanding activity (an overpotential of 230 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and long‐term durability toward OER, much better than the benchmark IrO2/NF. Together with its remarkable HER activity, our Cu−Co3O4 NAs/NF electrode enables a low voltage of 1.58 V to generate a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting, which is comparable to those of current Co‐based bifunctional electrocatalysts. This work may open up opportunities to explore other advanced electrocatalysts with high valence Co3+ and 3D porous architectures for scale‐up water electrolysis.
Disadvantages and benefits of evolved unicellularity versus multicellularity in budding yeast
Authors: Kuzdzal‐Fick Jennie J. , Chen Lin , Balázsi Gábor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMulticellular organisms appeared on Earth through several independent major evolutionary transitions. Are such transitions reversible? Addressing this fundamental question entails understanding the benefits and costs of multicellularity versus unicellularity. For example, some wild yeast strains form multicellular clumps, which might be beneficial in stressful conditions, but this has been untested. Here, we show that unicellular yeast evolve from clump‐forming ancestors by propagating samples from suspension after larger clumps have settled. Unicellular yeast strains differed from their clumping ancestors mainly by mutations in the AMN1 (Antagonist of Mitotic exit Network) gene. Ancestral yeast clumps were more resistant to freeze/thaw, hydrogen peroxide, and ethanol stressors than their unicellular counterparts, but they grew slower without stress. These findings suggest disadvantages and benefits to multicellularity and unicellularity that may have impacted the emergence of multicellular life forms.
Characterizing population and individual migration patterns among native and restored bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis)
Authors: Lowrey Blake , Proffitt Kelly M. , McWhirter Douglas E. , White Patrick J. , Courtemanch Alyson B. , Dewey Sarah R. , Miyasaki Hollie M. , Monteith Kevin L. , Mao Julie S. , Grigg Jamin L. , Butler Carson J. , Lula Ethan S. , Garrott Robert A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Migration evolved as a behavior to enhance fitness through exploiting spatially and temporally variable resources and avoiding predation or other threats. Globally, landscape alterations have resulted in declines to migratory populations across taxa. Given the long time periods over which migrations evolved in native systems, it is unlikely that restored populations embody the same migratory complexity that existed before population reductions or regional extirpation.

We used GPS location data collected from 209 female bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) to characterize population and individual migration patterns along elevation and geographic continuums for 18 populations of bighorn sheep with different management histories (i.e., restored, augmented, and native) across the western United States.

Individuals with resident behaviors were present in all management histories. Elevational migrations were the most common population‐level migratory behavior. There were notable differences in the degree of individual variation within a population across the three management histories. Relative to native populations, restored and augmented populations had less variation among individuals with respect to elevation and geographic migration distances. Differences in migratory behavior were most pronounced for geographic distances, where the majority of native populations had a range of variation that was 2–4 times greater than restored or augmented populations.

Synthesis and applications. Migrations within native populations include a variety of patterns that translocation efforts have not been able to fully recreate within restored and augmented populations. Theoretical and empirical research has highlighted the benefits of migratory diversity in promoting resilience and population stability. Limited migratory diversity may serve as an additional factor limiting demographic performance and range expansion. We suggest preserving native systems with intact migratory portfolios and a more nuanced approach to restoration and augmentation in which source populations are identified based on a suite of criteria that includes matching migratory patterns of source populations with local landscape attributes.
Modeling the distribution of niche space and risk for a freeze‐tolerant ectotherm, Lithobates sylvaticus
Authors: Fitzpatrick Megan J. , Zuckerberg Benjamin , Pauli Jonathan N. , Kearney Michael R. , Thompson Kimberly L. , Werner Lawrence C. , Porter Warren P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany animals depend on stable below‐the‐snow (subnivium) conditions to survive winter in seasonally cold regions. Freeze‐tolerant ectotherms may experience increased ice content and/or energy expenditure in suboptimal subnivium conditions, with implications for overwinter survival and body reserves available for spring reproduction. We used a novel mechanistic modeling approach to explore effects of winter climate on the microclimate conditions, energy expenditure, and ice dynamics of the freeze‐tolerant, subnivium‐dwelling wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) in the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes Basin region of the United States. We hypothesized that (1) frogs would experience the greatest energy cost to survive winter in southern regions of our study area, where air temperatures are warmer and shallower snow could allow for increased numbers of freeze–thaw cycles, and (2) frogs would be most vulnerable to lethal freezing in the cold, dry northwest portion of our study region. We found that total winter energy expenditure changed little with latitude because the effect of warmer soil temperatures (higher metabolic rates) to the south was offset by a shorter winter duration. Energy expenditures were greatest in the snowbelts of the Great Lakes, characterized by more persistent snow cover and relatively warm soil temperatures. In contrast, highest ice contents occurred in the northwest of the study region where air temperatures were coldest and snow was shallow. Thus, it appears that wood frogs experience a trade‐off between risk of lethal ice content and extensive use of body reserves across geographic space. Simulations showed that interpopulation differences in burrow depth and cryoprotectant concentration can influence risk of lethal ice content and overuse of body reserves prior to spring breeding, and those risks vary in relation to winter climate. Our mechanistic modeling approach is a novel tool for predicting risk and shifting niche space for cold‐adapted and subnivium‐dependent species.
Food‐web interaction strength distributions are conserved by greater variation between than within predator–prey pairs
Authors: Preston Daniel L. , Falke Landon P. , Henderson Jeremy S. , Novak Mark 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpecies interactions in food webs are usually recognized as dynamic, varying across species, space, and time because of biotic and abiotic drivers. Yet food webs also show emergent properties that appear consistent, such as a skewed frequency distribution of interaction strengths (many weak, few strong). Reconciling these two properties requires an understanding of the variation in pairwise interaction strengths and its underlying mechanisms. We estimated stream sculpin feeding rates in three seasons at nine sites in Oregon to examine variation in trophic interaction strengths both across and within predator–prey pairs. Predator and prey densities, prey body mass, and abiotic factors were considered as putative drivers of within‐pair variation over space and time. We hypothesized that consistently skewed interaction strength distributions could result if individual interaction strengths show relatively little variation, or alternatively, if interaction strengths vary but shift in ways that conserve their overall frequency distribution. Feeding rate distributions remained consistently and positively skewed across all sites and seasons. The mean coefficient of variation in feeding rates within each of 25 focal species pairs across surveys was less than half the mean coefficient of variation seen across species pairs within a survey. The rank order of feeding rates also remained conserved across streams, seasons and individual surveys. On average, feeding rates on each prey taxon nonetheless varied by a hundredfold, with some feeding rates showing more variation in space and others in time. In general, feeding rates increased with prey density and decreased with high stream flows and low water temperatures, although for nearly half of all species pairs, factors other than prey density explained the most variation. Our findings show that although individual interaction strengths exhibit considerable variation in space and time, they can nonetheless remain relatively consistent, and thus predictable, compared to the even larger variation that occurs across species pairs. These results highlight how the ecological scale of inference can strongly shape conclusions about interaction strength consistency and help reconcile how the skewed nature of interaction strength distributions can persist in highly dynamic food webs.
The image‐guided operating room—Utility and impact on surgeon's performance in the head and neck surgery
Authors: Muhanna Nidal , Douglas Catriona M. , Daly Michael J. , Chan Harley H. L. , Weersink Robert , Qiu Jimmy , Townson Jason , de Almeida John R. , Goldstein David , Gilbert Ralph , Yu Eugene , Kucharczyk Walter , Jaffray David A. , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe image‐guided operating room (OR) is an emerging standard for dealing with complex cases in many surgical disciplines including neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, maxillofacial trauma, and orthopedic surgery. Its use in head and neck oncological surgery is not well established. The primary aim of this study was to assess the image quality of cone‐beam CT (CBCT) under real clinical conditions. The secondary aim was to assess the effect on surgical performance and decision making.MethodsIntraoperative 3D imaging was performed using a CBCT capable C‐Arm mounted on a multi‐axis robot (Siemens Zeego) in the image‐guided OR. All patients had immediate preoperative imaging taken with further intraoperative imaging performed as required. Ten initial patients, comprising 28 intraoperative scans, were used for questionnaire‐based image reviews conducted with experienced head and neck clinicians. Scans were assessed for aspects of both image quality and clinical utility, on separate 5‐point Likert scales (1‐5).ResultsThe median rating for bony detail was 4 out of 5. Vascular detail was increased (P < 10−8) from 1 to 3 with the use of IV contrast (region of interest CT# was 284 HU [SD, 47 HU]). Images were rated as 4 for freedom from artifact. Soft tissue definition was 2, with no significant improvement (P = .2) with the addition of IV iodinated contrast. Surgeons rated the greatest clinical utility (4) for the CBCT when assessing postreconstruction imaging of a complex case.ConclusionsThe image quality of CBCT in the image‐guided OR is good for bony detail and complex oncological reconstructions in the head and neck setting but probably has limited benefit for intraoperative soft tissue delineation. Future studies must also focus on clinical outcomes to help demonstrate the value of the image‐guided OR.