bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A corpus-based analysis of pronoun choice in German relative clauses
Authors: Brandt Patrick , Fuß Eric 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the conditions that govern the choice between the German neuter singular relative pronounsdas‘that’ andwas‘what’. We show thatdasrequires a lexical head noun, while in all other caseswasis usually the preferred option; therefore, the distribution ofdasandwasis most successfully captured by an approach that does not treatwasas an exception but analyzes it as the elsewhere case that applies when the relativizer fails to pick up a lexical gender feature from the head noun. We furthermore show how the non-uniform behavior of different types of nominalized adjectives (positives allow both options, while superlatives triggerwas) can be attributed to semantic differences rooted in syntactic structure. In particular, we argue that superlatives selectwasdue to the presence of a silent counterpart of the quantifieralles‘all’ that is part of the superlative structure.
Spanish time constructions withhacer
Authors: Herce Borja 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe present work studies the grammatical properties of Spanish time constructions involvinghacer‘to make’ from an empirical, quantitative perspective with insights from both competence and language use. The results show a big difference between the properties of the so-called clausal and adverbial constructions, something unnoticed until now. Whereashacer,in the former, has properties not significantly different from other verbs, in the latter, it shows a strong erosion of its verbal and clausal properties like TAM morphology, negation, time adjunction or word order freedom. This contradicts earlier contributions to the topic and argues against those formal proposals positing a synchronic derivational relation between the two constructions.
Analysis of medium manganese steel through cold-rolling and intercritical annealing or warm-rolling
Authors: Magalhães Aline Silva , dos Santos Carlos Eduardo , Ferreira Aline Oliveira Vasconcelos , Alves Davi Silva , Santos Dagoberto Brandão 
Published: April 2018

Medium manganese steel is typically fabricated from hot-rolling followed by cold-rolling and intercritical annealing processes. However, a singular process, warm-rolling, is an appealing prospect. The microstructure, mechanical properties and texture of a 8 wt-% Mn–0.08 wt-% C steel was investigated by cold-rolling followed by intercritical annealing or warm-rolling. The product from both processes exhibited a highly refined microstructure as well as a large volume fraction of austenite. However, a slightly larger volume fraction as well as a more heterogeneous austenite morphology resulted from the warm-rolling process, associated with a higher work-hardening rate. Microstructural analysis revealed intense α-fibre components due to a higher strain following the warm-rolling process as well as a considerably high-angle grain boundary number which was associated with dislocation accumulation. This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on Medium Manganese Steels.
Athletes’ perceptions of coaching competency and team conflict in sport teams: A multilevel analysis
Authors: González‐Ponce I. , Leo F. M. , Jiménez R. , Sánchez‐Oliva D. , Sarmento H. , Figueiredo A. , García‐Calvo T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between coaching competency and team conflict, at individual and team levels, over the season. The participants were professional female and male soccer players, who participated in the First and Second Division. A longitudinal study was performed. At Time 1, the sample of participants consisted of 581 soccer players aged between 15 and 39 years. At Time 2, 549 players were recruited from the original sample aged between 15 and 37 years. Finally, at Time 3, the sample comprised 576 players aged between 15 and 37 years. All participants completed a multi‐section questionnaire assessing coaching competency (motivation, game strategy, technique competency, and character‐building competency) and team conflict (task conflict and relationship conflict). Results showed that both task and relationship conflict increased significantly over time. Multilevel modelling analysis showed that game strategy and character‐building competencies negatively predicted both task and relationship conflicts at the individual level, whereas motivation competency was also added as a significant predictor of task conflict at the team level. Moreover, technique competency positively predicted task conflict at the team level. The current study suggests the importance of coaching competency in group dynamics in sport.
Do stakeholders in Denmark know about social investment within long-term care?
Authors: Greve Bent 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSocial investment has become a buzzword in recent years. The concept is not always precise or being used in the same way in all European countries. The central tenet of the social investment approach is to treat public expenditures not just as an economic burden, but also as an investment in the future. This is also a part of the development in the discourse. The social investment perspective is an example of how new ideas might influence social policy development. However, the use of the concept at the political level does not imply that it is also known by stakeholders. The article explains the dichotomy between the use of a concept on an overarching political and academic level with a practical understanding among actors without using the concept. The article concludes that social investment can be used in the field and that actors have an understanding hereof.
On Jensen-type Inequalities for Nonsmooth Radial Scattering Solutions of a Loglog Energy-Supercritical Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Roy Tristan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We prove scattering of solutions of the loglog energy-supercritical Schrödinger equation $i \partial _{t} u + \triangle u = |u|^{\frac{4}{n-2}} u g(|u|)$ with $g(|u|) := \log ^{\gamma } {( \log{(10+|u|^{2})} )}$, $0 &lt; \gamma &lt; \gamma _{n}$, n ∈ {3, 4, 5}, and with radial data $u(0) := u_{0} \in \tilde{H}^{k}:= \dot{H}^{k} (\mathbb{R}^{n})\,\cap\,\dot{H}^{1} (\mathbb{R}^{n})$, where $\frac{n}{2} \geq k&gt; 1 \left(\text{resp.}\,\frac{4}{3}&gt; k &gt; 1\right)$ if n ∈ {3, 4} (resp. n = 5). The proof uses concentration techniques (see e.g., [ 2, 12]) to prove a long-time Strichartz-type estimate on an arbitrarily long time interval J depending on an a priori bound of some norms of the solution, combined with an induction on time of the Strichartz estimates in order to bound these norms a posteriori (see e.g., [ 8, 10]). We also revisit the scattering theory of solutions with radial data in $\tilde{H}^{k}$, $k&gt; \frac{n}{2}$, and n ∈ {3, 4}; more precisely, we prove scattering for a larger range of $\gamma$ s than in [ 10]. In order to control the barely supercritical nonlinearity for nonsmooth solutions, that is, solutions with data in $\tilde{H}^{k}$, $k \leq \frac{n}{2}$, we prove some Jensen-type inequalities.
Growth of the Eigensolutions of Laplacians on Riemannian Manifolds I: Construction of Energy Function
Authors: Liu Wencai 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the eigensolutions of $-\Delta u+ Vu=\lambda u$, where $\Delta $ is the Laplacian on a non-compact complete Riemannian manifold. We develop Kato’s methods on manifold and establish the growth of the eigensolutions as r goes to infinity based on the asymptotical behaviors of $\Delta r$ and V (x), where r = r(x) is the distance function on the manifold. As applications, we prove several criteria of absence of eigenvalues of Laplacian, including a new proof of the absence of eigenvalues embedded into the essential spectra of free Laplacian if the radial curvature of the manifold satisfies $ K_{\textrm{rad}}(r)= -1+\frac{o(1)}{r}$.
A quantitative, longitudinal analysis of the impact of mathematics support in an Irish university
Authors: Jacob Maria , Ní Fhloinn Eabhnat 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Mathematics support has become embedded in a large number of higher education institutes in Ireland and UK in particular. Measuring the impact of such support is a challenging task, which can be attempted either qualitatively, through the use of surveys or focus groups, or quantitatively, looking at data such as number of visits and subsequent exam performance. Here, we consider a quantitative analysis of the impact of a mathematics support centre in an Irish university, based on data gathered over the past 12 years. A binary logistic regression was carried out which showed that, when prior mathematical achievement and module studied were kept constant, the odds of a student who attended mathematics support once passing their module were 1.63 times higher than for one who had never engaged with the service. The odds for those who attended 15 or more times were almost 14 times higher. This study also showed that there was a significant difference between those who never engaged with mathematics support and those who attended once, meaning that such cohorts should be considered differently, which has not traditionally been done in other studies conducted to this point.
Pigmented Deposits in the Skin
Authors: Fernandez-Flores Angel , Bermúdez Carmen Fachal , Molina Inmaculada , Saus Carles , Monteagudo Carlos , Cassarino David Cassarino 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:
Pigmented deposits can occur in the skin due to many and varied causes. Some of them are systemic conditions accompanied by involvement of internal organs. Others have serious prognostic implications, and early diagnosis can help in the correct and adequate management of the diseases. In addition, some of them are quite innocuous and the correct diagnosis avoids unnecessary treatments. In this article, we review the morphologic features of some of the most common and some of the less usual pigmented deposits in skin other than tattoos.
Epigenetics: the first 25 centuries
Authors: Ganesan A. 
Published: April 2018

Epigenetics is a natural progression of genetics as it aims to understand how genes and other heritable elements are regulated in eukaryotic organisms. The history of epigenetics is briefly reviewed, together with the key issues in the field today. This themed issue brings together a diverse collection of interdisciplinary reviews and research articles that showcase the tremendous recent advances in epigenetic chemical biology and translational research into epigenetic drug discovery.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology’.
The past and presence of gene targeting: from chemicals and DNA via proteins to RNA
Authors: Geel T. M. , Ruiters M. H. J. , Cool R. H. , Halby L. , Voshart D. C. , Andrade Ruiz L. , Niezen-Koning K. E. , Arimondo P. B. , Rots M. G. 
Published: April 2018

The ability to target DNA specifically at any given position within the genome allows many intriguing possibilities and has inspired scientists for decades. Early gene-targeting efforts exploited chemicals or DNA oligonucleotides to interfere with the DNA at a given location in order to inactivate a gene or to correct mutations. We here describe an example towards correcting a genetic mutation underlying Pompe's disease using a nucleotide-fused nuclease (TFO-MunI). In addition to the promise of gene correction, scientists soon realized that genes could be inactivated or even re-activated without inducing potentially harmful DNA damage by targeting transcriptional modulators to a particular gene. However, it proved difficult to fuse protein effector domains to the first generation of programmable DNA-binding agents. The engineering of gene-targeting proteins (zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs)) circumvented this problem. The disadvantage of protein-based gene targeting is that a fusion protein needs to be engineered for every locus. The recent introduction of CRISPR/Cas offers a flexible approach to target a (fusion) protein to the locus of interest using cheap designer RNA molecules. Many research groups now exploit this platform and the first human clinical trials have been initiated: CRISPR/Cas has kicked off a new era of gene targeting and is revolutionizing biomedical sciences.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology’.
Genomic Data from an Endangered Amphibian Reveal Unforeseen Consequences of Fragmentation by Roads
Authors: McCartney-Melstad Evan , Vu Jannet K. , Shaffer H. Bradley 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRoads fragment landscapes and can cause the loss of metapopulation dynamics in threatened species, but as relatively new landscape features, few studies have had the statistical power to genetically examine road effects. We used DNA sequence data from thousands of nuclear loci to characterize the population structure of New York-endangered Eastern tiger salamanders(Ambystoma tigrinum)on Long Island and quantify the impacts of roads on population fragmentation. We uncovered highly genetically structured populations over an extremely small spatial scale (approximately 40 km2) in an increasingly human-modified landscape. Geographic distance and the presence of roads between ponds are both strong predictors of genetic divergence, suggesting that both natural and anthropogenic factors are responsible for the observed patterns of genetic variation. Our study demonstrates the value of genomic approaches in molecular ecology, as these patterns did not emerge in an earlier study of the same system using microsatellite loci. Ponds supported small effective population sizes, and pond surface area showed a strong positive correlation with salamander population size. When combined with the high degree of structuring in this heavily modified landscape, our study indicates that these endangered amphibians require management at the individual pond, or pond cluster, level. Particular efforts should be made to preserve large vernal pools, which harbor the greatest genetic diversity, and their surrounding upland habitat. Contiguous upland landscapes between ponds that facilitate natural metapopulation connectivity and demographic rescue from future local extirpations should also be protected.
Cognate T and B cell interaction and association of Follicular helper T cells with B cell responses inVibrio choleraeO1 infected Bangladeshi adults
Authors: Rashu Rasheduzzaman , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Hoq Mohammad Rubel , Hossain Lazina , Paul Anik , Khan Ashraful Islam , Chowdhury Fahima , Harris Jason B , Ryan Edward T , Calderwood Stephen B , Weil Ana A , Qadri Firdausi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVibrio choleraeO1 can cause life threatening diarrheal disease if left untreated. A long lasting immune response, producing 3-5 years of protection from subsequent, symptomatic disease following natural infection, is mediated by B cell mediated humoral immunity. T cells can play critical roles in inducing such immunity. However, the mechanism of T cell dependent B cell maturation and whether a key sub-population of T cells are involved is not well established in cholera. We hypothesized that a specific population of T cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, are involved in B cell maturation following cholera; we used flow cytometry, culture and colorimetric assays to address this question. We found thatV. choleraeinfection induces significant increase in circulating Tfh cells expressing B cell maturation associated protein CD40L early in disease. The increased Tfh cells expressing CD40L recognize cholera toxin most prominently, with lessened responses to two antigens tested,V. choleraemembrane preparation (MP) andVibrio choleraecytolysin (VCC). We further showed that early induction of Tfh cells and CD40L was associated with later memory B cell responses to same antigens. Lastly, we demonstratedin vitrothat Tfh cells isolated after cholera can stimulate class switching of cocultured, isolated B cells from patients with cholera, leading to production of the more durable IgG antibody isotype. These studies were conducted on circulating Tfh cells; future studies will be directed at examining role of Tfh cells during cholera directly in the gut mucosa of biopsied samples, at the single cell level if feasible.
The SERM/SERD Bazedoxifene Disrupts ESR1 Helix 12 to Overcome Acquired Hormone Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Fanning Sean W. , Jeselsohn Rinath , Dharmarajan Venkatasubramanian , Mayne Christopher G. , Karimi Mostafa , Buchwalter Gilles , Houtman Rene , Toy Weiyi , Fowler Colin E. , Lainé Muriel , Carlson Kathryn E , Martin Teresa A. , Nowak Jason , Nwachukwu Jerome , Hosfield David J. , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Tajkhorshid Emad , Nettles Kendall W. , Griffin Patrick R. , Shen Yang , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Brown Myles , Greene Geoffrey L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcquired resistance to endocrine therapy remains a significant clinical burden for breast cancer patients. Somatic mutations in theESR1(estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene ligand-binding domain (LBD) represent a recognized mechanism of acquired resistance. Antiestrogens with improved efficacy versus tamoxifen might overcome the resistant phenotype in ER+ breast cancers. Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a potent antiestrogen that is clinically approved for use in hormone replacement therapies. We find BZA possesses improved inhibitory potency against the Y537S and D538G ERα mutants compared to tamoxifen and has additional inhibitory activity in combination with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. In addition, comprehensive biophysical and structural biology studies show that BZA’s selective estrogen receptor degrading (SERD) properties that override the stabilizing effects of the Y537S and D538G ERα mutations.SignificanceBazedoxifene (BZA) is a potent orally available antiestrogen that is clinically approved for use in hormone replacement therapy (DUAVEE). We explore the efficacy of BZA to inhibit activating somatic mutants of ERα that can arise in metastatic breast cancers after prolonged exposure to aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen therapy. Breast cancer cell line, biophysical, and structural data show that BZA disrupts helix 12 of the ERα ligand binding domain to achieve improved potency against Y537S and D538G somatic mutants compared to 4-hydroxytamoxifen.
Myelinated Inhibitory Axons in Human Neocortex
Authors: Micheva Kristina D. , Chang Edward F. , Nana Alissa L. , Seeley William W. , Ting Jonathan T. , Cobbs Charles , Lein Ed , Smith Stephen J , Weinberg Richard J. , Madison Daniel V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNumerous myelinated axons traverse the human neocortex. In a previous paper (Micheva et al., 2016) we showed that in mouse many of these axons belong to local inhibitory neurons, the parvalbumin-positive basket cells. Here, using samples of neurosurgically-excised cortex, we confirm the presence of myelinated inhibitory axons in all layers of human neocortex. As in mouse, these axons have distinctive features, including high neurofilament content, short nodes of Ranvier, and high content of myelin basic protein in their myelin sheath. We further show that, consistent with the known high-energy demands of parvalbumin interneurons, the inhibitory myelinated axons have more mitochondria, as well more 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide 3’-phosphodiesterase (a protein enriched in the myelin cytoplasmic channels thought to provide access for trophic support from oligodendrocytes). The distinctive features of myelinated inhibitory axons in human cortical grey matter may have important implications for neurological disorders that involve pathologies of myelinated axons.
Naa15knockdown enhances c2c12 myoblast fusion and induces defects in zebrafish myotome morphogenesis
Authors: Monestier Olivier , Landemaine Aurélie , Bugeon Jérôme , Rescan Pierre-Yves , Gabillard Jean-Charles 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe comprehension of muscle tissue formation and regeneration is essential to develop therapeutic approaches against muscle diseases or loss in muscle mass and strength during ageing or cancer. One of the critical steps in muscle formation is the fusion of muscle cells to form or regenerate muscle fibres. To identify new genes controlling myoblast fusion, we undertook an siRNA screen in c2c12 myoblasts and found that N-alpha-acetyltransferase 15 (Naa15) knockdown enhanced c2c12 myoblast fusion suggesting thatNaa15negatively regulated myogenic cell fusion. We identified twoNaa15orthologous genes in zebrafish genome:naa15aandnaa15b. These two orthologs are both expressed in myogenic domain of the somite. Knockdown of zebrafishnaa15aandnaa15bgenes induced a “U” shaped segmentation of the myotome and alteration of myotome boundaries resulting in the formation of abnormally long myofibres spanning adjacent somites. Taken together these results show that Naa15 regulates myotome formation and myogenesis in fish.
Cooperate-and-radiate co-evolution between ants and plants
Authors: Kaur Katrina M. , Malé Pierre-Jean G. , Spence Erik , Gomez Crisanto , Frederickson Megan E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMutualisms may be “key innovations” that spur diversification in one partner lineage, but no study has evaluated whether mutualism accelerates diversification in both interacting lineages. Recent research suggests that plants that attract ant mutualists for defense or seed dispersal have higher diversification rates than non-ant associated plant lineages. We ask whether the reciprocal is true: does the ecological interaction between ants and plants also accelerate diversification in ants? In other words, do ants and plants cooperate-and-radiate? We used a novel text-mining approach to determine which ant species associate with plants in defensive or seed dispersal mutualisms. We investigated patterns of trait evolution and lineage diversification using phylogenetic comparative methods on a large, recent species-level ant phylogeny. We found that ants that associate mutualistically with plants have elevated diversification rates compared to non-mutualistic ants, suggesting that ants and plants cooperate-and-radiate.
Expression of a glucomannan mannosyltransferase gene (GMMT) from Aloe vera is induced by water deficit and abscisic acid
Authors: Salinas Pamela , Salinas Carlos , Contreras Rodrigo A. , Zuñiga Gustavo E. , Dupree Paul , Cardemil Liliana 
Published: April 2018

HighlightGMMT (a possible CSLA9) from Aloe vera is upregulated during water stress. Aloe vera GMMT expression is also induced by exogenous application of the plant stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in non-water-stressed plants.SummaryIn Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera), a xerophytic crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant, the main polysaccharide of the gel present in the leaves is an acetylated glucomannan named acemannan. This polysaccharide is responsible for the plant succulence, helping it to retain water. In this study we determined using polysaccharide analysis by carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) that the acemannan is a glucomannan without galactose side branches. We also investigated the expression of the gene responsible for acemannan backbone synthesis, encoding a glucomannan mannosyltransferase (GMMT). It was found by in silico analyses that the GMMT gene belongs to the cellulose synthase like A type-9 (CSLA9) subfamily. Using RT-qPCR it was found that the expression of GMMT increased in Aloe vera plants subjected to water stress. This expression correlates with an increase of endogenous ABA levels, suggesting that the gene expression could be regulated by ABA. To corroborate this hypothesis, exogenous ABA was applied to non-water-stressed plants, increasing the expression of GMMT significantly 48 h after ABA treatment.