bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of the Operating Costs during the Life Cycle in Existing Housing Stock
Authors: Vytlačil D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper describes the dynamic model of the changes of the operating and investment costs that are associated with the energy consumption in the building. These costs are assessed for the building structure and HVAC systems. The aim of the research is to find the time dependent energy consumption and the cash flow that depends on the investments to energy saving arrangements and operations. The solution is based on the system dynamics method. The method makes possible to interconnect technical and economic parts of the problem. The main parameter in the model is the energy consumption in the building per floor square meter and year. This parameter is influenced by a deterioration of the building structure and the components of the active elements. Another influence are the investments that are realized with the aim to decrease the energy consumption. The example of the calculation of the main system parameters during the building life cycle with two projects is presented in the paper. The main output from this research is the developed model which makes possible to investigate the influence of multiple energy saving projects during the building life cycle.
The Environmental Performance of a Remote-Region Health Clinic Building, Australia, Based on Instrumental Monitoring
Authors: Burroughs S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Both environmental (e.g., energy use) and human sustainability (occupant wellbeing/productivity) need to be considered in building design and operation. The challenging climatic and socioeconomic conditions in remote regions of Australia mean that achieving sustainability is difficult and costly. Currently, the energy use patterns, thermal performance, and indoor atmospheric quality (IAQ) of remote health clinic buildings are unknown, meaning that there is an information gap in the design and operation of such buildings. This paper reports the results of an investigation into the environmental performance of a clinic in the remote clinic of Numbulwar. Climate variables, energy consumption, and IAQ variables were instrumentally monitored at the clinic from April 2017 to March 2018 at 10-minute intervals, with data uploaded to a cloud database now holding 3 million values. Analyzed temporal variations in the measured variables for the clinic and the relationships between them reveal the performance of the building. The results obtained provide a basis for the formulation of strategic interventions, design guidance, and further investigation, including: (i) the range of indoor atmospheric conditions needs to be narrowed to provide more consistent occupant comfort; (ii) an occupancy profile needs to be developed to determine user behaviours with respect to energy use; (iii) the heat-exhaust/aircon systems need to be reviewed for more efficient use; (iv) the cycling of air, heat, moisture, and pollutants through the building needs to be further investigated; and (v) BIM should be undertaken using the data as input to test future design solutions.
Towards the Façades of the Future: A New Sustainability Assessment Approach
Authors: Gilani G , Pons O , de la Fuente A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile the majority of the recent studies report on sustainability assessment of buildings as a whole, research on the sustainable performance of building independent elements (e.g., envelope and façades) is scarce. Façades, as the first line of defense against the undesirable external impact, may contribute to the building sustainability by reducing the amount of energy consumption and providing thermal comfort for the inhabitants, thus minimizing the environmental impact on both the building and on the environment. Despite the significance of this issue, there are a few studies that focus on sustainability assessment of façades that consider economic, environmental and social aspects; however, these aspects are generally taken into account in a decoupled manner and, often, not objectively measured. In this respect, a set of criteria and indicators for assessing sustainability of residential façade systems is presented and discussed in detail herein. In addition, a new model for assessing objectively sustainability of building façades is also presented. This approach has been obtained by using MIVES, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making model that integrates the main sustainability requirements (economic, environmental and social) and includes the concept of value functions.
Thermal Performance of Window with Vacuum Glazing. Case Study
Authors: Chmúrny I , Szabó D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This document deals with the determination of thermal transmission properties of wood-aluminium window with vacuum glazing. Test measurements are performed with guarded hot-box method at defined temperature difference. They describe how the support pillars influence temperature distribution on the surface and how the edge vacuum glazing influence the heat flow through window. The deformation of the temperature field due to support pillars is surprisingly small and its range is from 0.40 K to 0.51 K with temperature difference on both sides of approximately 33 K. Decrease of internal surface temperature from the middle of glass to the edge is about 18.92 °C – 12.37 °C = 6.55 K, and so it is considerable effect. The effect of the edge on the glazing is not explicitly quantified in the term of heat flow in this document, but is implicitly documented by means of surface temperature. Thermography was used to check if there are touching points between glasses where distance is from 0.15 to 0.2 mm. The vacuum glazing measured in this work was a sample, which was fabricated in Asian producer. The window was tested two years after delivery from the producer.
Air Handling Unit with Heat Pump
Authors: Kny M , Mazanec V , Adamovský D , Včelák J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper focuses on the design, implementation and measurement of parameters of an air handling unit (AHU) with the Peltier cells. This is a small local modular AHU for fresh air flows of 50 to 200 m3/hr. The unit is designed for ventilation of residential and administrative buildings. Computer simulations were utilized designing the unit (including CFD), and many measurements were performed. The design of the AHU uses the Peltier effect, which transfers the heat from the exhaust air drawn from the room to the fresh supply air (heating mode). In reverse, the unit then allows for pre-cooling of the supply air (cooling mode). The air handling unit with the Peltier element does not achieve the high efficiency of the compressor cycle units, but is much simpler and has longer life expectancy.
Optimization of Distance Rings in Panel Radiators
Authors: Legner T , Bašta J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce the issue of distance rings in panel heating radiators, which are an integral part of their construction and which influence the flow of water in the radiators. A new way of meshing the simulation model in Ansys Meshing, including the boundary layer modelling, is described. In the simulation model it is possible to turn the distance ring and observe the effect in changes to the velocity and temperature fields. In addition, research into my own shape of the distance ring is described and whether there is a greater influence from a change in the geometry on the temperature field than just turning it. In the end of the contribution the results of a mathematical simulation of the heating radiator at low operating temperatures are discussed.
Experimental Assessment of the Façade-Integrated Thermoelectric Air-Conditioning Unit towards Development of the Autonomous Curtain Walling Module
Authors: Matuška T , Zmrhal V , Zavřel V , Slanina P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative concept for adaptive wall-curtain façade modules. The façade module integrates functions of heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, shading as well as renewable energy storage and generation in order to enable autonomous adaptation of each individual façade module to local outdoor and indoor conditions. This paper is focused on the development of the façade-integrated air-conditioning system. Since the wall-curtain façade construction offers only limited space, the solution requires minimalistic size of the air-conditioning system. For this purpose, the application of thermoelectrical cells was investigated and the first prototype of thermoelectrical air-conditioning (mock-up) unit was developed and tested. This paper demonstrates the energy performance of the experimental setup and provides recommendations for further development process.
Influence of User Electricity Load Profile and Calculation Time Step on the Photovoltaic System Balance
Authors: Novotny J , Matuska T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Realistic energy balance of photovoltaic system has a direct impact on realistic economic evaluation of operation costs for given building. To estimate the realistic electricity power profile with a short-time step, a generator based on appliances power, occupancy and external daylight presence has been developed and used for simulations. Generator allows to create different power profiles for the whole year (all days identical, workdays-weekends, 365 different days) with given time-step resolution (from 1 minute to 1 day). Paper presents and analyses the results from parametric simulations of PV production and building electricity loads balance with different times-steps. Monthly calculation approach used as a standard methodology for building performance evaluation significantly overestimates the solar fraction of PV systems. Only calculations with time steps shorter than 1 hour lead to results close to reality. A methodology for monthly balance correction to realistic results based on yearly PV production to building consumption ratio will be presented.
Effects of Early Structural Changes of Engineered Soils on Green Roof and Bioretention Performance
Authors: Snehota M , Hanzlikova J , Heckova P , Sacha J , Jelinkova V , Kaestner A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Engineered soils play an important role in urban hydrology e.g. in the functioning of green roofs and storm water bioretention beds. Water infiltration, colloid transport and heat transport are affected by changes in pore system geometry particularly due to development of macropores and clogging by particles. The rate of pedogenesis is often faster than in natural soils due to higher loads of particles as well as by extreme water regimes. In the presented project we assess the temporal changes of hydraulic properties of engineered soils in typical bioretention beds and green roofs by conducting field scale experiments. The aim is to elucidate changes in hydraulic properties by studying the structural changes of soils at the microscale by invasive and noninvasive methods. The outcomes of the research will lead to improved design and management procedures for green roofs and bioretention beds.
Waste Water Recovery System with Heat Pump for Hot Water Preparation
Authors: Červín R , Matuška T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Waste water heat recovery is currently one of the possible ways how to reduce energy performance of buildings. The mathematical model using specific heat pump parameters is presented in this article. The aim was to verify efficiency of the waste water recovery system with heat pump for domestic hot water heating in family houses. The model enabled to evaluate heat recovery effectiveness during a day cycle. The first set of simulations of a typical day cycle has shown that the heat pump with recuperation of waste water is not effective solution for family houses. However, it might be interesting for the objects with larger consumptions. Another simulations for these objects were performed and more promising results were reached.
Parametric Study: Impact of Selected Factors on the Energy Demand of a Family House
Authors: Juras P , Durica P , Jandacka J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Results of a parametric study, which deals with energy demand of family house with different shape factors and thermal properties of the building envelopes will be presented. Basic shape is a single-floored bungalow. Partly two-story and complete two-story house with flat roof are alternatives. Different building envelopes are considered, from the project, upgraded to low-energy house up to nearly-zero energy house. Air change ratio respects required indoor air quality. The natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation with heat recovery were analyzed. Pellets, wood, electric, gas and heat pump were considered as heat sources. Also a combination with solar collectors to decrease energy for hot water preparation was considered. Presented results are in form of delivered energy and primary energy.
The Assessment of Construction Details in Terms of 3D Thermal Fields and the Impact on Building Design
Authors: Kalousek M , Novák M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Thermal bridge is a very common and undesirable phenomenon in a building. Thermal joint (bridge) is usually based on material or geometry reasons or their combinations. Many types (connection of window – wall, pillar – wall), can be calculated and evaluated sufficiently in 2D section, but in some types it is necessary to take into account 3D heat conduction. For example: a corner with ceiling (roof) and two walls where is strong deformation of isotherms and the internal surface temperature is definitely lower than in 2D section. According to the Czech Technical Standard it is necessary to fulfil law requirement – Temperature Factor at internal surface lowest temperature „at each location“. Recommendation is solving of “differential equation multi-dimensional of thermal field”. In this case of “building corner” project engineer has to decide for 3D modelling. In the contribution there is presented a mistake in 2D model, the situation when it is necessary to use 3D model. Additionally, there are recommendations to eliminate the risk of condensation and mould.
From Assessment to Implementation: Design Considerations for Scalable Decision-Support Solutions in Sustainable Urban Development
Authors: Bukovszki V , Apró D , Khoja A , Essig N , Reith A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Cities have to face the challenges of steady population growth, the related increase in energy and resource demands, intensifying climate change impacts and rapid technological development. To handle these complex challenges and promote sustainable development, the smart city approach – data-driven planning based on emergent ICT technologies – has been gaining prevalence. However, the lack of shared standards, frameworks, and evidence-based decision-support tools limit the collaboration among smart city actors and the utility of the mainly business-driven technical solutions. This study explores the scalability of indicator systems into a shared framework for smart and sustainable cities by practice-based research during the development of the SmartCEPS project. SmartCEPS is an assessment system and maturity model based on key performance indicators (KPIs) for small- and medium-size European cities. In its architecture, indicators are organized in a causal network capable of capturing synergies, co-benefits and payoffs of decisions; structural metadata provides the means for a gradual customisation of the system; and finally, the indicator pool is scalable by complexity, ensuring different levels of detail in assessments. The study concludes that gradual customisation, network organisation, and open-ended scalability are the proxies for developing decision-support instruments from KPIs.
A Systemic Approach for the Optimization of Urban Surfaces Usage
Authors: Croce S , Vettorato D , Paparella R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a method to support the sustainable development of existing cities through the optimization of the usage of their urban surfaces (i.e. roofs, facades, streets, public spaces, etc.). Adaptation and mitigation strategies aimed at improving resiliency and sustainability of urban areas are highly related to the utilization of these surfaces. The current trends demonstrate the lack of a systemic approach able to integrate multiple possible functions and avoid sub-optimal solutions by considering the physical and morphological characteristics of the urban environment. For example, in cities, conflicts are arising between the surface uses for renewable energy production, urban agriculture, and green solutions.
This study aims at systematizing the existing approaches and proposing a novel method to support the effective application of these solutions. In particular, an analytical procedure is presented to support the integration of different surface uses aiming at the maximization of throughputs, while avoiding conflicts. The method has been tested in a district in Bolzano (Italy) and it is replicable in areas with different morphological characteristics and climate conditions. The final configuration, in which several solutions have been systematically applied and integrated, demonstrate the potentialities of the proposed approach. Outdoor thermal comfort in the district is improved, with a reduction of Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) up to −5.8 °C, by simultaneously guaranteeing the production of renewable energy through solar active systems, and the preservation and expansion of existing green areas.
Building-Integrated Photovoltaics and Urban Environment from the Perspective of Sustainable Architecture
Authors: Čeněk M , Hlaváček D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Built environment is one of the major causes of the negative impact that human activity has on the environment. Building design should adopt such strategies that would help relieve this situation. Architects should therefore be able to grasp and implement all aspects of sustainable design, including cutting edge technologies, in a holistic and integral fashion. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) represents an important field to explore, since photovoltaic systems have an enormous potential within the context of architectural and urban design. Their implementation though has to be part of the integral design process which is essential for the creation of quality sustainable architecture. Since the world urban population is constantly growing, sustainable approaches to architectural design need to be adopted with urgency in urban environment. Existing urban environment however presents great challenges to the implementation of any new technology. In an urban context we need not only design new buildings, but since the urban tissue is already in place, care must be taken not to damage the historical and architectural values. Furthermore, urban environment has many variations and offers a broad scope of possibilities for various approaches to BIPV. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possibilities of BIPV in relationship to sustainable architecture and urban environment, focusing on explaining the necessity to provide architects with a methodology of working with advanced photovoltaic systems in architectural design, introducing the departure points for this intention, and demonstrating how such a methodology – a Design Manual – will be created.
A Multi-Step Design Framework Based on Life Cycle Thinking for the Holistic Renovation of the Existing Buildings Stock
Authors: Passoni C , Marini A , Belleri A , Menna C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In recent years, the transition to a sustainable society has highlighted the importance of tackling a holistic renovation of the existing building stock, able to contextually solve its structural, energy, and architectural deficiencies. Nevertheless, in practice, the cost of the intervention, the building downtime, and the potential relocation of the inhabitants have been recognized as major barriers to the renovation. To overcome such barriers and foster sustainability, eco-efficiency, and resilience, new design approaches and solutions sets have been proposed. However, given the lack of a global vision of current regulations, a design framework able to conjugate technical and functional performances with principles of sustainability and feasibility is still required. In this paper, a new multi-step design framework is proposed, which, for the first time: 1) adapt the three pillars of sustainability to the renovation of the existing buildings interpreting them as reduction of environmental impacts, increase of safety and resilience, and overcoming of the major barriers to the renovation; 2) introduce a new Life Cycle perspective that also considers impacts and loss associated to structural decay and vulnerability of existing buildings; 3) shift from an ex-post perspective to an ex-ante framework, to be used since the initial design steps.
Energy Sustainable Living – Deep Renovation of Residential Building – PAVE
Authors: Včelák J , Novák E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There are not many energy plus building projects in Czech Republic. Project described in this paper aims even higher because the goal is to renovate older building to energy plus standard and not build it from the scratch. This article describes concept of energy active building which will be renovated in Litoměřice. Older military building from 1980 will be renovated into energy active standard with a high share of renewables. The purpose of the building is to provide low area – starting flats for young families. The concept is unique in terms of complexity since it counts with direct use of the energy from PV, battery energy storage as well as electromobility charging stations. The results of simulations and estimations are shown in this publication as well as comparison of various simulated options.
Incremental Integrated Holistic Rehabilitation: A New Concept to Boost a Deep Renovation of the Existing Building Stock
Authors: Zanni J , Labò S , Passoni C , Casprini E , Marini A , Belleri A , Menna C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The renovation of the post-World-War-II reinforced concrete building has become an urgent action in order to meet energy-saving and to foster safety among the European communities. In this context, in order to overcome the major barriers to the renovation and to increase the feasibility of a deep, sustainable renovation action, a new incremental holistic rehabilitation (IHR) approach is introduced. This new approach has the major aim of fostering a safe, resilient and more sustainable society by addressing the life cycle thinking principles and by implementing incremental levels of safety. In this paper, an IHR strategy is defined and applied to a reference scholastic building. Fundamental criteria for the selection of the proper renovation strategy guaranteeing the minimum environmental impact and the applicability to Reinforce Concrete existing infilled frames are derived. The results show that a holistic incremental rehabilitation strategy can represent a good answer to the urgent need of sustainable renovation of Italian and European building stock.
Effect of the Personalized Ventilation to a Human Thermal Comfort
Authors: Mazanec V , Kabele K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with effect of the personalized ventilation on thermal comfort of the human body. Especially the influence of different temperatures and velocities of the supply air provided by the personalized ventilation on sitting user during standard light office work. The goal is to figure out possible and comfortable range for the personalized ventilation system and to determine the maximum power of the device. For measurement we were using a prototype of the personalized ventilation system which is able to adjust temperature of the supply air using thermoelectric elements. A thermal manikin was used to simulate the human body and to measure the effect of the ventilation system to the human thermal comfort and the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) was used to measure vector field around the human body.