bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to First-Line Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy in the Context of Guideline Recommendations for US Patients With High-Risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Gaylis Franklin D. , Emond Bruno , Manceur Ameur M. , Tardif-Samson Anabelle , Morrison Laura , Pilon Dominic , Lefebvre Patrick , Ellis Lorie A. , Balaji Hiremagalur , Ireland Andrea 
Published: October 2024

Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) can reduce recurrence and delay progression among patients with high-risk non–muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), but is associated with a substantial emotional, physical, and social burden. Objectives: This study evaluated the adequacy of first-line intravesical BCG treatment among high-risk NMIBC patients in the United States, including the subgroup with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder. Methods: Adults with high-risk NMIBC treated with BCG were selected from de-identified MarketScan® Commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid Databases (1/1/2010-2/28/2021). Adequacy of BCG induction and maintenance was evaluated from the first BCG claim until the end of the patient’s observation, using a previously published claims-based algorithm (induction: ≥5 instillations within 70 days; induction and maintenance: ≥7 instillations within 274 days of first instillation) and a definition based on the landmark Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) trial (induction: ≥5 instillations without gaps >7 days; followed by ≥2 instillations at month 3, 6, and every 6 months thereafter). Proportions of patients with adequate BCG induction and maintenance were reported overall and compared between those with and without CIS. Results: Of 5803 high-risk NMIBC patients treated with first-line BCG (mean age, 67.3 years; 20.6% female), 930 (16.0%) had CIS. After first-line BCG, 56.6% received another treatment. Although 86.9% had adequate BCG induction based on the claims-based algorithm (SWOG, 73.6%), only 41.5% had adequate BCG induction and maintenance (SWOG, 1.6%). Similar trends were observed for patients with and without CIS, with higher adherence to guidelines for patients with CIS (adequate induction using claims-based algorithm: 90.3% vs 86.2%; adequate induction and maintenance: 50.8% vs 39.7%, all P < .001). A greater proportion of CIS patients than non-CIS patients had cystectomy (CIS, 14.4%, non-CIS, 8.5%; P < .001) after first-line BCG. Discussion: Among patients with NMIBC treated with first-line intravesical BCG, most received adequate BCG induction but less than half had adequate BCG maintenance. BCG treatment was also inadequate for patients with CIS, with only half of patients receiving adequate BCG maintenance and a higher proportion undergoing cystectomy following first-line BCG. Conclusions: Results emphasize the need for additional treatment options for patients with NMIBC.
Aspectos asociados a la percepción de la calidad de usuarios del laboratorio clínico de un hospital en Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Padilla-Noble Kellys Johana , Salas-Zapata Carolina 
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Identificar las características sociodemográficas y aspectos relacionados con el servicio previo, asociados a la percepción de la calidad global de usuarios externos del laboratorio clínico de una institución de salud de Córdoba, Colombia en el año 2023. Método: Enfoque cuantitativo, diseño observacional, transversal y analítico. Se aplicó a 124 pacientes el instrumento SERVQUALadaptado al laboratorio clínico y se agregaron variables sociodemográficas y de experiencia previa con la atención. Resultados: La edad fluctuó en rango de 28-54 años, la mayoría fueron mujeres (71,2 %), de unión libre (43,5 %), no se identifica a una etnia (92,7 %), colombianos (98,4 %), con un estrato socioeconómico (87,1 %), de zona urbana (52,4 %), con bachillerato completo (48,4 %), amade casa (58,1 %), con aseguradora de Mutual Ser (34,7 %), subsidiado (96,2 %), sin discapacidad (80,6 %). La mayoría (91 %) percibieron una buena calidad en la atención. Sólo se encontró diferencia significativa (p>0,050) entre las dimensiones de capacidad de respuesta (IC: 0,65 - 0,94), seguridad (IC: 0,80 - 1,06) según edad; seguridad (IC: 0,63 - 0,99) según sexo; estado civil (IC:0,99-1,31), nivelde escolaridad (IC: 1,07-1,28) con calidad de vida global. Conclusiones: El sexo masculino tiene una probabilidad más baja de experimentar percepción de seguridad en comparación con el sexo femenino. La población con escolaridad básica percibió una calidad mayor en comparación con aquella que tenía escolaridad avanzada. No se encontró asociación significativa entre la calidadglobal percibida y el servicio previo del laboratorio.
Model Konseling Rekonsiliasi Di Rifka Annisa: Studi Kasus Pelaku Dan Korban Kekerasan Seksual
Authors: Sahentendi Dianita , Tampake Tony , Lauterboom Mariska 
Published: October 2024

Tingginya angka kekerasan seksual yang terjadi terhadap perempuan menjadi sebuah alarm penting untuk adanya perhatian khusus dari setiap elemen masyarakat dalam mencegah serta menangani isu kekerasan seksual. Sehingga kekerasan seksual menjadi salah isu penting yang akan peneliti angkat dalam penelitian ini. Dalam upaya untuk memutus rantai kekerasan seksual, peneliti percaya baik pelaku atau pun korban harus dilibatkan dalam setiap proses yang ada, untuk itu diperlukan adanya konseling rekonsiliasi untuk menjembatani proses tersebut. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis bagaimana model konseling rekonsiliasi yang dilakukan oleh Rifka Annisa terhadap pelaku dan korban kekerasan seksual. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, dan wawancara serta dokumentasi sebagai metode dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil studi ini menemukan bahwa konseling rekonsiliasi dilakukan kepada pelaku serta korban kekerasan termasuk kekerasan seksual yang merupakan pasangan suami istri, konseling ini dilakukan berdasarkan keinginan kedua belah pihak untuk memperbaiki kembali hubungan mereka dengan harapan tidak kembali terjadi kekerasan atau berdasarkan laporan yang masuk, dalam proses tersebut Rifka Annisa memiliki kesadaran bahwa kekerasan dalam bentuk apapun termasuk kekerasan seksual dapat dihentikan jika pihak pelaku dan korban sama-sama ditangani dan berkomitmen untuk tidak lagi terjadi kekerasan seksual.
Evaluation Of The Frailty Index And Thiol-Disulphide Levels In Geriatric Orthopedic Injuries
Authors: Işık Hüseyin , Sahın Kavaklı Havva , Silay Kamıle 
Published: October 2024

Backround: One of the concepts recently discussed about old age is frailty. Frailty was found to be important in determining weakness and indulgence in the elderly. Frail older people are more likely to fall and experience related orthopedic trauma. Free oxygen radicals are known to cause oxidative stress in trauma patients. The aim of this study is to report the levels of frailty and thiol disulphide homeostasis and related factors in patients with geriatric orthopedic injury who presented to the emergency department.Methods: This study included 82 patients aged 65 and over who were admitted to the Emergency Department of XXX City Hospital in 2020 due to orthopedic trauma, and 38 people who presented for other reasons in a control group. FRAIL Frailty scale was used to evaluate frailty. In samples from patients' venous blood, native thiol and total thiol were analyzed.Results: The average age of the patients was78.48 ±7.86(min: 65-max: 99). Of the patients, 30.8% were in the prefrail group and56.7% were in the frail group. In patient and control group comparisons, total thiol values ​​in the patient group were significantly lower, and disulphide, ischemia-modified albumin, index 1 and index 2 values ​​were significantly higher in the patient group compared with the control group. There were significantly more prefrail individuals(41.5%) among orthopedic trauma patients, and frail individuals (81.6%) in the control group. There was a significant weak negative correlation between body mass index and native thiol and total thiol values.Conclusion: Oxidative stress is increased in patients with geriatric orthopedic injuries.
Toward a Self-consistent Evaluation of Gas Dwarf Scenarios for Temperate Sub-Neptunes
Authors: Rigby Frances E. , Pica-Ciamarra Lorenzo , Holmberg Måns , Madhusudhan Nikku , Constantinou Savvas , Schaefer Laura , Deng Jie , Lee Kanani K. M. , Moses Julianne I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The recent JWST detections of carbon-bearing molecules in a habitable-zone sub-Neptune have opened a new era in the study of low-mass exoplanets. The sub-Neptune regime spans a wide diversity of planetary interiors and atmospheres not witnessed in the solar system, including mini-Neptunes, super-Earths, and water worlds. Recent works have investigated the possibility of gas dwarfs, with rocky interiors and thick H2-rich atmospheres, to explain aspects of the sub-Neptune population, including the radius valley. Interactions between the H2-rich envelope and a potential magma ocean may lead to observable atmospheric signatures. We report a coupled interior-atmosphere modeling framework for gas dwarfs to investigate the plausibility of magma oceans on such planets and their observable diagnostics. We find that the surface–atmosphere interactions and atmospheric composition are sensitive to a wide range of parameters, including the atmospheric and internal structure, mineral composition, volatile solubility and atmospheric chemistry. While magma oceans are typically associated with high-temperature rocky planets, we assess if such conditions may be admissible and observable for temperate sub-Neptunes. We find that a holistic modeling approach is required for this purpose and to avoid unphysical model solutions. Using our model framework, we consider the habitable-zone sub-Neptune K2-18 b as a case study and find that its observed atmospheric composition is incompatible with a magma ocean scenario. We identify key atmospheric molecular and elemental diagnostics, including the abundances of CO2, CO, NH3, and, potentially, S-bearing species. Our study also underscores the need for fundamental material properties for accurate modeling of such planets.
SPYGLASS. V. Spatially and Temporally Structured Star-forming Environments in the Cepheus-Hercules Complex
Authors: Kerr Ronan , Kraus Adam L. , Krolikowski Daniel , Bouma Luke G. , Farias Juan P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Young associations record complete histories of star-forming events through their demographics and dynamics, and Gaia has greatly expanded our knowledge of these associations. We present the first structural and dynamical overview study of the Cep-Her Complex, which has recently emerged as the largest stellar population within 500 pc that still lacks substantial follow-up. We reveal that Cep-Her is not a singular association, but rather an amalgam of four, consisting of the older (τ > 100 Myr) open cluster Roslund 6, in addition to three dynamically coherent and highly substructured young associations that we focus on: Orpheus (25–40 Myr), Cinyras (28–43 Myr), and Cupavo (54–80 Myr). With 9552 ± 960 stars in Orpheus, 3872 ± 455 stars in Cinyras, and 8794 ± 1827 stars in Cupavo, all three are among the largest young associations within 500 pc, rivalling major associations like Sco-Cen. Our novel view of the ages and dynamics of these associations reveals evidence for sequential star formation in Cinyras, in addition to a multiorigin pattern of stellar dispersal in Orpheus that may hint to the presence of multiple clouds at formation. Dynamical simulations indicate that, while some embedded open clusters and central components of these associations are converging, they likely lack the mass necessary to capture one another and undergo hierarchical cluster assembly. Our results provide our first view of the complex star-forming environments that gave rise to the associations of Cep-Her, which will serve as important laboratories for future studies of star and planet formation.
Filamentary Molecular Cloud Formation via Collision-induced Magnetic Reconnection in a Cold Neutral Medium
Authors: Kong (孔朔) Shuo , Smith Rowan J. , Whitworth David , Hamden Erika T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We have investigated the possibility of molecular cloud formation via the collision-induced magnetic reconnection (CMR) mechanism of the cold neutral medium (CNM). Two atomic gas clouds with conditions typical of the CNM were set to collide at the interface of reverse magnetic fields. The cloud–cloud collision triggered magnetic reconnection and produced a giant 20 pc filamentary structure that was not seen in the control models without CMR. The cloud, with rich fiber-like substructures, developed a fully molecular spine at 5 Myr. Radiative transfer modeling of dust emission at far-infrared wavelengths showed that the middle part of the filament contained dense cores over a span of 5 pc. Some of the cores were actively forming stars and typically exhibited both connecting fibers in dust emission and high-velocity gas in CO line emission, indicative of active accretion through streamers. Supersonic turbulence was present in and around the CMR filament due to inflowing gas moving at supersonic velocities in the collision midplane. The shocked gas was condensed and transported to the main filament piece by piece by reconnected fields, making the filament and star formation a bottom-up process. Instead of forming a gravitationally bounded cloud that then fragments hierarchically (top-down) and forms stars, the CMR process creates dense gas pieces and magnetically transports them to the central axis to constitute the filament. Since no turbulence is manually driven, our results suggest that CMR is capable of self-generating turbulence. Finally, the resulting helical field should show field reversal on both sides of the filament from most viewing angles.
Collisions Between Dark Matter Confined High Velocity Clouds and Magnetized Galactic Disks: The Smith Cloud. II.
Authors: Shelton R. L. , Goetz E. H. , Galyardt J. E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We present high-resolution simulations of high velocity clouds (HVCs) colliding with the outer part of the Galactic disk. All of the simulations include a 3 × 108
M
⊙ dark matter subhalo. Three simulations model a dark matter subhalo without a gaseous component, while eight simulations model a dark matter subhalo accompanied by a gaseous cloud of mass 2–8 × 106
M
⊙. Half of the simulations include the coherent component of the Galaxy's magnetic field. Each simulation spans ∼40 million years before the collision and ∼40 million years after the collision. The collisions between the gas cloud and disk splash gas into the halo, punch half-kiloparsec-size holes in the disk, and form long-lived, multi-kiloparsec-size shells. Each shell encloses a bubble of relatively cool gas. Holes and shells of these scales would be observable, and some have been observed in the past. We determine the fate of the HVC gas, temperature, composition, and ionization state of the bubble and shell gas, size and longevity of the holes, and effects of cloud density. Simulations show that the clouds do not survive the chaos of passage through the disk, but instead become part of the splash, bubble, and shell. Some dark matter clouds may appear to carry material with them long after the collision, but this material is shell gas that was captured by the dark matter subhalo. These results have ramifications for the Smith Cloud and other clouds hypothesized to have hit the Galactic disk.
Topological Approach to Void Finding Applied to the SDSS Galaxy Map
Authors: Aggarwal Manu , Tonegawa Motonari , Appleby Stephen , Park Changbom , Periwal Vipul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The structure of the low redshift Universe is dominated by a multiscale void distribution delineated by filaments and walls of galaxies. The characteristics of voids, such as morphology, average density profile, and correlation function, can be used as cosmological probes. However, their physical properties are difficult to infer due to shot noise and the general lack of tracer particles used to define them. In this work, we construct a robust, topology-based void-finding algorithm that utilizes Persistent Homology to detect persistent features in the data. We apply this approach to a volume-limited subsample of galaxies in the SDSS I/II Main Galaxy catalog with the r-band absolute magnitude brighter than M

r
= −20.19, and a set of mock catalogs constructed using the Horizon Run 4 cosmological N-body simulation. We measure the size distribution of voids, their averaged radial profile, sphericity, and the centroid nearest neighbor separation, using conservative values for the threshold and persistence. We find 32 topologically robust voids in the SDSS data over the redshift range 0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.116, with effective radii in the range 21−56 h
−1 Mpc. The median nearest neighbor void separation is found to be ∼57 h
−1 Mpc, and the median radial void profile is consistent with the expected shape from the mock data.
A Comprehensive Study of Open Cluster Chemical Homogeneity Using APOGEE and Milky Way Mapper Abundances
Authors: Sinha Amaya , Zasowski Gail , Frinchaboy Peter , Cunha Katia , Souto Diogo , Tayar Jamie , Stassun Keivan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Stars in an open cluster are assumed to have formed from a broadly homogeneous distribution of gas, implying that they should be chemically homogeneous. Quantifying the level to which open clusters are chemically homogeneous can therefore tell us about interstellar medium pollution and gas mixing in progenitor molecular clouds. Using Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-V Milky Way Mapper and SDSS-IV Apache Point Observatory Galaxy Evolution Experiment DR17 abundances, we test this assumption by quantifying intrinsic chemical scatter in up to 20 different chemical abundances across 26 Milky Way open clusters. We find that we can place 3σ upper limits on open cluster homogeneity within 0.02 dex or less in the majority of elements, while for neutron capture elements, as well as those elements having weak lines, we place limits on their homogeneity within 0.2 dex. Finally, we find that giant stars in open clusters are ∼0.01 dex more homogeneous than a matched sample of field stars.
Assessing the Responses of Large Language Models (ChatGPT-4, Claude 3, Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot) to Frequently Asked Questions in Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Study on Readability and Appropriateness
Authors: Ermis Serhat , Özal Ece , Karapapak Murat , Kumantaş Ebrar , Özal Sadık Altan 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
To assess the appropriateness and readability of responses provided by four large language models (LLMs) (ChatGPT-4, Claude 3, Gemini, and Microsoft Co-pilot) to parents' queries pertaining to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods
A total of 60 frequently asked questions were collated and categorized into six distinct sections. The responses generated by the LLMs were evaluated by three experienced ROP specialists to determine their appropriateness and comprehensiveness. Additionally, the readability of the responses was assessed using a range of metrics, including the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Gunning Fog (GF) Index, Coleman-Liau (CL) Index, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index, and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score.

Results
ChatGPT-4 demonstrated the highest level of appropriateness (100%) and performed exceptionally well in the Likert analysis, scoring 5 points on 96% of questions. The CL Index and FRE scores identified Gemini as the most readable LLM, whereas the GF Index and SMOG Index rated Microsoft Copilot as the most readable. Nevertheless, ChatGPT-4 exhibited the most intricate text structure, with scores of 18.56 on the GF Index, 18.56 on the CL Index, 17.2 on the SMOG Index, and 9.45 on the FRE score. This suggests that the responses demand a college-level comprehension.

Conclusions
ChatGPT-4 demonstrated higher performance than other LLMs in responding to questions related to ROP; however, its texts were more complex. In terms of readability, Gemini and Microsoft Copilot were found to be more successful.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;XX(X):XXX–XXX.]
Primary eye care service provision ability of mid-level healthcare providers in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kentayiso Temesgen W. , Nkoane Naomi L. , Matlhaba Kholofelo L. 
Published: October 2024

Background: The provision of eye care services by trained and well-capacitated primary care providers in the rural community will contribute significantly to the reduction of avoidable blindness.Aim: This study aimed to investigate mid-level healthcare providers’ knowledge and skills capacity to provide primary eye care services.Setting: The study was conducted in four districts of southern Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected mid-level healthcare providers from August to October 2023. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and analysis were performed using Epi info version 6 and SPSS version 28 software. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used in the analysis.Results: A total of 103 mid-level healthcare providers were involved in the evaluation with a response rate of 99%. Of the study respondents, less than half (48.5%) were found to have intermediate-level ability to provide primary eye care services. Serving more patients per month (p 0.001), receiving additional training (p 0.005) and having a first degree (p 0.001) were found to have a statistically significant association with the ability to provide primary eye care services.Conclusion: Most primary eye care service providers had a significant knowledge and skill gap. Capacity-building training aimed at enhancing the ability of primary eye care service providers need the appropriate attention.Contribution: This study presents the ability of mid-level healthcare workers to provide primary eye care services to support the elimination of avoidable blindness, resulting in improved quality of life.