bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superficial temporal vessels, both anterograde and retrograde limbs, are viable recipient vessels for recurrent head and neck reconstruction in patients with frozen neck
Authors: Sudirman Siti Radhziah , Shih Hsiang‐Shun , Chen Jill Chia‐Jung , Feng Kuan‐Ming , Jeng Seng‐Feng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundReconstruction of recurrent head and neck malignancy especially in the presence of a frozen neck is challenging. The superficial temporal vessels would be ideal as recipient vessels because they lie out of the previous surgical and radiation field.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case‐control study based on our database between January 2013 and June 2016. A total of 581 primary cases were selected as controls. The 60 test group patients had (a) recurrent head and neck reconstruction, (b) previous surgery and irradiation, (c) frozen neck, and (d) superficial temporal vessels as recipients.ResultsThere was no significant difference between vascular compromise rates of superficial temporal vessels (anterograde and retrograde limbs) and controls (P > .05). Flap success rate of the test and control group is comparable, 95% vs 98% respectively.ConclusionSuperficial temporal vessels, both anterograde and retrograde, should be the first consideration for recurrent intraoral, facial, and scalp reconstruction with frozen necks.
Exergy efficiency analysis of a shell and tube heat exchanger condenser based on its different design parameters
Authors: Fakhrolmobasheri Navid , Rostami Mohsen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper evaluates the optimum coolant temperature considering the exergy loss in a shell and tube condenser in which vapor is at its saturated temperature. First, exergy loss was formulated mathematically and then presented as a function of operating temperatures and optimum coolant and steam mass flow rates. The optimization problem was defined by full condensation of vapor in a condenser and solved by a sequential quadratic programming method. The optimization results were obtained for an industrial condenser for two condensate temperatures of 46°C and 54°C. When the upstream steam mass flow rate increased, the optimum coolant temperature and the exergy efficiency decreased, and the exergy loss also increased simultaneously. The results showed higher values for the higher condensate temperature of 54°C compared with that for 46°C. For instance, if the condensate temperature increases from 46°C to 54°C, the coolant temperature will be increased from 16.76°C to 25.17°C. In addition, by assuming the ambient temperature of 15°C, the exergy loss will be decreased from 172.5 to 164.6 kW. A linear relationship was also shown between the exergy efficiency and the dimensionless temperature, which is presented as a ratio of the temperature difference rate between inlet cooling water and ambient temperatures to the temperature difference rate of condensate and ambient temperatures.
Magnetohydrodynamics slip flow of a nanofluid through an oscillatory disk under porous medium supremacy
Authors: Rauf Amar , Abbas Zaheer , Shehzad Sabir Ali 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnsteady, three‐dimensional, hydromagnetic, nanofluid flow via a circular disk in porous medium is considered. The fluid motion is subject to disk rotation and time‐based sinusoidal oscillations. The flow problem is normalized via similarity variables. Partial slip boundary conditions on velocity, concentration, and temperature are considered. A well‐established numerical technique (successive over relaxation method) is used for the time‐based flow problem. Results are discussed for both the time‐based and linearly rotating disk case. Graphical representations for one, two, and three dimensions are sketched. The results are also discussed through tabular forms.
Distinct kratom user populations across the United States: A regional analysis based on an online survey
Authors: Nicewonder Jessica A. , Buros Amy F. , Veltri Charles A. , Grundmann Oliver 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveKratom preparations have raised concerns of public health and safety in the United States. This paper analyzed the patterns and predictors of kratom use by four U.S. regions according to the U.S. Census.MethodAn anonymous cross‐sectional online survey yielded 8,049 valid responses. The data were categorised by regions (Northeast, South, Midwest, and West) and analyzed for the following predictors: age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, employment status, insurance coverage, education, and household income.ResultsAfter adjusting for state population, the survey response rates were highest from Oregon, Idaho, and Florida. Kratom use was significantly lower for both prescription drug dependency and acute or chronic pain in the Northeast region than the rest of the country. Multiple logistic regression models found that gender, employment, and education were significant on the regional level. Higher education was associated with lower kratom use for an illicit drug dependency (p = .002) independent of region whereas men were less likely to use kratom for acute or chronic pain in the Northeast (p < .001) but more likely in the Midwest (p = .041).ConclusionsThe regional pattern of kratom use differed from opioid use data in both demographics and trend direction warranting further investigation.
Neural network based non‐invasive method to detect anemia from images of eye conjunctiva
Authors: Jain Prakhar , Bauskar Shubham , Gyanchandani Manasi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDetection of anemia can be done by examining the hemoglobin concentration level in the blood using complete blood count, which is an invasive, time‐consuming, and costly technique. Preliminary methods for detecting anemia include examining the color of the palpebral conjunctiva, which is a non‐invasive method, but color perception may vary from person to person. This study aims to develop a computerized non‐invasive technique for anemia detection. We propose a novel machine learning model using the artificial neural network to detect anemic patients from the images of eye conjunctiva. Since limited and small dataset has been used in the earlier approaches, this may cause over fitting of the model. We have improved the number of available training images using image augmentation techniques. To standardize a non‐invasive method, we have used computer vision algorithms for preprocessing and feature extraction. This article derives the backpropagation rules mathematically for adjusting the weights for the proposed neural network model. After hyper parameter tuning and using the mathematically derived backpropagation rules, the model was able to achieve the best accuracy of 97.00% with sensitivity 99.21% and specificity 95.42% on the created dataset.
Women With Pregnancy and Lactation–Associated Osteoporosis (PLO) Have Low Bone Remodeling Rates at the Tissue Level
Authors: Cohen Adi , Kamanda-Kosseh Mafo , Dempster David W , Zhou Hua , Müller Ralph , Goff Elliott , Colon Ivelisse , Bucovsky Mariana , Stubby Julie , Nickolas Thomas L , Stein Emily M , Recker Robert R , Lappe Joan M , Shane Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Pregnancy and lactation–associated osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare, severe, early form of osteoporosis in which young women present with fractures, usually multiple vertebral fractures, during late pregnancy or lactation. In studies of idiopathic osteoporosis (IOP) in premenopausal women, we enrolled 78 women with low-trauma fractures and 40 healthy controls, all with normal menses and no secondary cause of bone loss. In 15 of the affected women, the PLO subgroup, fractures had occurred during late pregnancy or lactation. We hypothesized that clinical, bone structural, and metabolic characteristics would differ between women with PLO and those with (non-PLO) IOP and controls. All were evaluated &gt; 12 months postpartum, when structural and remodeling characteristics would be expected to reflect baseline premenopausal status rather than transient postpartum changes. As previously reported, affected subjects (PLO and IOP) had BMD and microarchitectural deficiencies compared to controls. Women with PLO did not differ from those with IOP in terms of age, BMI, body fat, menarcheal age, parity, or age at first pregnancy. However, women with PLO had a more severe clinical presentation than those with IOP: more fractures (5.5 ± 3.3 versus 2.6 ± 2.1; p = 0.005); more vertebral fractures (80% versus 17%; p &lt; 0.001); and higher prevalence of multiple fractures. BMD deficits were more profound and cortical width tended to be lower in PLO. PLO subjects also had significantly lower tissue-level mineral apposition rate and bone formation rates (0.005 ± 0.005 versus 0.011 ± 0.010 mm2/mm/year; p = 0.006), as well as lower serum P1NP (33 ± 12 versus 44 ± 18 µg/L; p = 0.02) and CTX (257 ± 102 versus 355 ± 193 pg/mL; p = 0.01) than IOP. The finding that women with PLO have a low bone remodeling state assessed more than a year postpartum increases our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of PLO. We conclude that women with PLO may have underlying osteoblast functional deficits which could affect their therapeutic response to osteoanabolic medications. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Long noncoding RNA FOXD2‐AS1 promotes glioma cell cycle progression and proliferation through the FOXD2‐AS1/miR‐31/CDK1 pathway
Authors: Wang Jin , Li Bingqiang , Wang Cunzu , Luo Yu , Zhao Mengmeng , Chen Pin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are vital mediators involved in cancer progression. Previous studies confirmed that FOXD2 adjacent opposite strand RNA 1 (FOXD2‐AS1) is upregulated in tumor diseases. The potential influence of FOXD2‐AS1 in glioma progression, however, remains unknown. In this paper, FOXD2‐AS1 was found to be upregulated in glioma tissues. Its level was linked with glioma stage. Moreover, glioma patients expressing high level of FOXD2‐AS1 suffered worse prognosis. Biological functions of FOXD2‐AS1 in glioma cells were analyzed through integrative bioinformatics and TCGA RNA sequencing data analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis uncovered that FOXD2‐AS1 was mainly linked with cell cycle regulation in both low‐grade glioma and glioblastoma. Further experiments demonstrated that silence of FOXD2‐AS1 inhibited proliferation, arrested cell cycle and downregulated cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) in human glioma cells. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay confirmed that FOXD2‐AS1 upregulated CDK1 by sponging miR‐31. Rescue assays were performed and confirmed the regulatory loop FOXD2‐AS1/miR‐31/CDK1 in glioma. Collectively, our results indicated that the FOXD2‐AS1/miR‐31/CDK1 axis influenced glioma progression, providing a potential new target for glioma patients.
p116Rip promotes myosin phosphatase activity in airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Komatsu Satoshi , Wang Lu , Seow Chun Y. , Ikebe Mitsuo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMyosin phosphatase‐Rho interacting protein (p116Rip) was originally found as a RhoA‐binding protein. Subsequent studies by us and others revealed that p116Rip facilitates myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) activity through direct and indirect manners. However, it is unclear how p116Rip regulates myosin phosphatase activity in cells. To elucidate the role of p116Rip in cellular contractile processes, we suppressed the expression of p116Rip by RNA interference in human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We found that knockdown of p116Rip in HASMCs led to increased di‐phosphorylated MLC (pMLC), that is phosphorylation at both Ser19 and Thr18. This was because of a change in the interaction between MLCP and myosin, but not an alteration of RhoA/ROCK signaling. Attenuation of Zipper‐interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) abolished the increase in di‐pMLC, suggesting that ZIPK is involved in this process. Moreover, suppression of p116Rip expression in HASMCs substantially increased the histamine‐induced collagen gel contraction. We also found that expression of the p116Rip was decreased in the airway smooth muscle tissue from asthmatic patients compared with that from non‐asthmatic patients, suggesting a potential role of p116Rip expression in asthma pathogenesis.
In silico evidence of high frequency of miRNA‐related SNPs in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rafieenia Fatemeh , Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza , Poursheikhani Arash , Razavi Seyedeh Mahya Shariat , Jebelli Amir , Molaei Fatemeh , Aghaee‐Bakhtiari Seyed Hamid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant histological type of esophageal cancer significantly reported in developing nations. There is an increasing evidence suggesting that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the untranslated regions of genes (3′‐UTRs) targeted by microRNAs (miRNAs) can change the target gene's expression and thereby affect the individual's cancer risk. Thus, in support of the role of SNPs occurring in miRNA target sites (miR‐TS‐SNPs) in the cancer, we analyzed the next generation sequencing data of 10 ESCC patients. In each patient, about 3,000 SNPs in 3′‐UTRs were obtained in their whole‐exome sequencing profiles. We applied two separate methods, manual and computational in silico approaches, to predict the miR‐TS‐SNPs with more effects on the miRNA–target interactions. dbSNP, 1000G, ExAC, Iranome, miRandb, miRCancer, TargetScan, Human, miRNASNP2 and miRBase databases were used for positive selection of miR‐TS‐SNPs and DIANA‐miRPath v3.0 for pathway analysis. We identified six rare germline miR‐TS‐SNPs and two other ones with unknown miR‐TS‐SNPs. We interestingly observed all of these variants in only one patient, which can be evidence of the relationship between miR‐TS‐SNPs and cancer incidence. The study of cancer genetics including miR‐TS‐SNPs reveals miRNAs and their related pathways, which will be greatly useful in cancer research from noninvasive biomarkers to new treatments.
Inhibition of breast cancer growth via miR‐7 suppressing ALDH1A3 activity concomitant with decreasing breast cancer stem cell subpopulation
Authors: Pan Meng , Li Miao , You Chengzhong , Zhao Fengshu , Guo Mei , Xu Hui , Li Luoyang , Wang Ling , Dou Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBreast cancer patients with high expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) cell population have higher tolerability to chemotherapy since the cells posses a characteristic of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) that are resistant to conventional chemotherapy. In this study, we found that the ALDH‐positive cells were higher in CD44+CD24− and CD44+CD24−ESA+BCSCs than that in both BT549 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines but microRNA‐7 (miR‐7) level was lower in CD44+CD24− and CD44+CD24−ESA+BCSCs than that in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Moreover, miR‐7 overexpression in MDA‐MB‐231 cells decreased ALDH1A3 activity by miR‐7 directly binding to the 3′‐untranslated region of ALDH1A3; while the ALDH1A3 expression was downregulated in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, the expressions of CD44 and Epithelium Specific Antigen (ESA) were reduced along with decreasing the BCSC subpopulation. Significantly, enforced expression of miR‐7 in CD44+CD24−ESA+BCSC markedly inhibited the BCSC‐driven xenograft growth in mice by decreasing an expression of ALDH1A3. Collectively, the findings demonstrate the miR‐7 inhibits breast cancer growth via suppressing ALDH1A3 activity concomitant with decreasing BCSC subpopulation. This approach may be considered for an investigation on clinical treatment of breast cancers.
CSE1L silence inhibits the growth and metastasis in gastric cancer by repressing GPNMB via positively regulating transcription factor MITF
Authors: Li Yijun , Yuan Shanshan , Liu Jiaming , Wang Yu , Zhang Yanting , Chen Xiaolu , Si Wangli 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman chromosomal segregation 1‐like (CSE1L) gene functions as a key molecular mediator in cellular proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis. The association of CSE1L with tumor progression has been reported in diverse human cancers. A greater understanding of CSE1L molecular mechanism is beneficial for cancer treatment. In the current study, we show that CSE1L was highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines. CSE1L silence promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. Overexpression of glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) reversed the anticancer effect of CSE1L inhibition. CSE1L inhibition decreased GPNMB by microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF). Moreover, GPNMB regulates the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Taken together, our study revealed that CSE1L inhibition decreased MITF and suppressed GPNMB expression, thereby activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK signaling pathway, ultimately inhibiting the tumor growth and metastasis in GC.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting review part 2: Technique and directions
Authors: McGivney Debra F. , Boyacıoğlu Rasim , Jiang Yun , Poorman Megan E. , Seiberlich Nicole , Gulani Vikas , Keenan Kathryn E. , Griswold Mark A. , Ma Dan 
Published: July 2019

Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a general framework to quantify multiple MR‐sensitive tissue properties with a single acquisition. There have been numerous advances in MRF in the years since its inception. In this work we highlight some of the recent technical developments in MRF, focusing on sequence optimization, modifications for reconstruction and pattern matching, new methods for partial volume analysis, and applications of machine and deep learning.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:993–1007.
A comparison of stereotactic and tomosynthesis‐guided localisation of impalpable breast lesions
Authors: Madeley Carolyn , Kessell Meredith , Madeley Chris , Taylor Donna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionImpalpable breast cancers require precise pre‐operative lesion localisation to minimise re‐excision rates. Conventional techniques include hookwire insertion using stereotactic guidance. Newer techniques include the use of tomosynthesis guidance and the use of iodine‐125 seeds. This study compares the accuracy of lesion localisation with hookwire or seed insertion using prone stereotactic or upright tomosynthesis guidance.MethodsThis registered quality improvement activity did not require formal ethics approval. The post‐localisation images for 116 lesions were reviewed. The distance from the lesion or breast biopsy marker to the hookwire or seed was measured on post‐insertion mammograms. The relative placement accuracy of hookwire or seed using prone stereotactic or upright tomosynthesis guidance was compared. A lesion to seed or wire distance > 10 mm was considered technically unsatisfactory.Results94.8% of the seeds and wires inserted via prone stereotactic guidance were accurately placed, compared with 89.6% of those inserted via upright tomosynthesis. There were twice as many technically unsatisfactory insertions under upright tomosynthesis guidance. The majority of the unsatisfactory insertions using upright tomosynthesis occurred when the lesion was at or below the level of the nipple and the insertion was performed craniocaudally.ConclusionThe degree of accuracy of pre‐operative localisation of impalpable breast lesions is significantly higher with the use of prone stereotactic rather than upright tomosynthesis guidance. This was most evident with the placement of I‐125 seeds, and in cases where the target lesion was located below the level of the nipple.
Hepatotoxicity and virological breakthrough of HCV following treatment with sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and ribavirin in patients previously treated for tuberculosis
Authors: Wahid Braira 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of hepatitis C virus/tuberculosis (HCV/TB) coinfection has not been estimated globally but few studies highlight the risk of hepatotoxicity following TB treatment or HCV treatment. Previously reported data highlights the risk of drug‐induced hepatotoxicity associated with three of the first‐line anti‐TB agents: rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide specifically in patients coinfected with HIV and HCV. Thus far, direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) drug‐induced hepatotoxicity has not been reported in the literature but herein, we observed an unusual case of HCV virological breakthrough and hepatoxicity during treatment with DAA drugs in a patient who has previously been successfully treated for TB.
Climatology of local severe convective storms in Assam, India
Authors: Mahanta Rahul , Yamane Yusuke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn Assam, local severe convective storms (LSCS) are recognized as exceptionally powerful and destructive meteorological events resulting in both death and loss of property, as well as livelihood. A valuable aid to assessing and managing LSCS lies in a reliable database of historical severe storms. In this paper, we investigate the temporal and spatial characteristics of LSCS in the state of Assam lying in the North Eastern Province of India and provide a climatology of LSCS for the state, with respect to: distribution, storm types, frequency, seasonality, and time of occurrence. This was accomplished by developing a LSCS database through a systematic scanning of newspapers and other available sources. This historical database on LSC S dating from 1962 to 2016 was used to identify the areas where the threat and risks from these storms is maximum. Our findings show that LSCS occur throughout the state of Assam, but there are unique geographical areas where the propensity for the occurrence severe to intense local convective storm is much higher. From the monthly distribution of LSCS events, as have been found by previous researchers, the most active month is April. The monthly distributions of hail follow similar pattern as the total number of LSCS events, however, seasonality of lightning differ from other LSCS categories. The probability of LSCS is not uniform throughout the day and tend to reach their most vigorous development during the latter part of the evening and night hours. The observed seasonal pattern of LSCS day's distribution corresponds with the time of the year when convective heating of the lower atmosphere is at its highest in the region, thereby increasing instability of the atmosphere. In addition, climatological mean wind at upper level (200 hPa) show influence of subtropical westerlies and at 925 hPa indicate possible low‐level moisture transport for the peak LSCS months. Therefore, high storm frequencies are to be anticipated. Although November, December and January show the lowest frequency during the entire year, it is still surprisingly high considering that convectional heating and instability of the atmosphere has decreased substantially by then. The results from this study could be applied to produce a hazard map of LSCS for the state of Assam. Such a hazard map will benefit numerous stakeholders, in particular, to direct disaster management authority in terms of interventions for LSCS risk in the state of Assam.