bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the munchies: An online survey of users’ experiences of cannabis effects on appetite and the development of a Cannabinoid Eating Experience Questionnaire
Authors: Roberts Carl A , Jager Gerry , Christiansen Paul , Kirkham Tim C 
Published: July 2019

Background: Cannabis intoxication is commonly reported to increase appetite and enhance appreciation of food (the ‘munchies’). These effects are attributed to activation of the endocannabinoid system. However, the psychological changes that underlie these phenomena are under-researched. We report here the results of an extensive online survey of cannabis users with an exploratory Cannabinoid Eating Experience Questionnaire (CEEQ). Method: Frequent cannabis users completed a 46-item questionnaire about their eating behaviour under the influence of cannabis. An English-speaking sample ( n=591) provided data for the initial exploratory validation of the scale. A second Dutch-language survey ( n=163) was used for confirmatory factor analysis. Test-retest reliability was based on a third English-speaking sample ( n=40) who completed the revised, 28-item CEEQ twice across 2 weeks. Results: Principal components analysis provided a two-factor solution. Factor 1 (hedonic) comprised 14 items that related primarily to the enjoyment and altered sensory aspects of eating. Factor 2 (appetitive) comprised a further 14 items related to motivational factors that instigate or promote eating. The two-factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Both the hedonic and appetitive subscales had good internal reliability (α=0.92 for each subscale, in two independent samples). Good test-retest reliability was obtained for the revised 28-item questionnaire ( ps<.01 for Total CEEQ and each subscale). Conclusion: The Cannabinoid Eating Experience Questionnaire provided a valid, reliable assessment of the psychological features of cannabis-induced alterations to appetite. Our data confirm that cannabis principally influences the motivational factors that lead to the initiation of eating and the hedonic factors implicated in maintaining eating.
The Dr Elizabeth Casson Memorial Lecture 2019: Shifting our focus. Fostering the potential of occupation and occupational therapy in a complex world
Authors: Kantartzis Sarah 
Published: July 2019

The Dr Elizabeth Casson Memorial Lecture 2019, given on 18 June 2019 at the 43rd Annual Conference and Exhibition of the Royal College of Occupational Therapists, held at the International Conference Centre, Birmingham. Challenges to health-promoting occupation are experienced by many people in the United Kingdom today. It is suggested that the way we currently think about and so organise our practice may make it difficult to address some of these occupational needs. An alternative lens is proposed, drawing on the work of P. Cilliers and his discussions of the implications of thinking in terms of complex systems. Taking on an ‘attitude of complexity’ allows us to reconsider our work within the systems we are part of and encourages us not only to acknowledge but also to embrace the richness and diversity of our complex world. The discussion will focus on how occupational therapists can become part of, or strengthen their existing part in, change within these systems, developing their contribution as experts in occupation. This lecture is about ‘shifting our focus’, about fostering the potential of occupational therapy and contributing to individual and social transformation through occupation that will support the health of the population.
Correlation of Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation Score for Sport and Activities of Daily Living to Modified Harris Hip Score and Hip Outcome Score in Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Hip Surgery
Authors: Lau Brian C. , Scribani Melissa , Lassiter Tally , Wittstein Jocelyn 
Published: July 2019

Background: The Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE) is a single-question outcome score that has been shown to be a reliable measure of outcomes for shoulder and knee injuries but has not been compared with other validated outcome scores in hip pathology managed arthroscopically. Purpose: To correlate SANE Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Sport subscales with the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and Hip Outcome Score (HOS) ADL and Sport subscales before and after arthroscopic hip surgery. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively filled database of patients undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery by a single surgeon was conducted. Inclusion criteria included patients scheduled for arthroscopic hip surgery for femoroacetabular impingement, labral tear, or gluteus medius tear. Exclusion criteria included previous surgery to the hip. Outcome scores, including the mHHS, HOS ADL and Sport, and SANE ADL and Sport, were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 months, 1 year, and then annually. Pearson correlation coefficients between preoperative SANE ADL and Sport and the mHHS, HOS ADL, and HOS Sport were calculated. Pearson correlation coefficients between postoperative SANE ADL and Sport and the mHHS, HOS ADL, and HOS Sport were also calculated. Results: Eighty-five patients (mean age, 37.9 years; range, 14-66 years; 57 females, 28 males) underwent arthroscopic hip surgery for assorted pathology. Mean follow-up was 8 months (range, 3-64 months). Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, preoperative SANE ADL and Sport had a moderate correlation with the mHHS ( r = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47-0.79; P < .0001; r = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31-0.71; P < .0001, respectively). Preoperative SANE ADL and Sport had a moderate correlation with HOS ADL ( r = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39-0.75; P < .0001) and HOS Sport ( r = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.45-0.79; P < .0001). Postoperative SANE ADL and Sport had a strong correlation with the mHHS ( r = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.82; P < .0001; r = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61-0.88; P < .0001). Postoperative SANE ADL and Sport had a strong correlation with HOS ADL ( r = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.88; P < .0001) and HOS Sport ( r = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.94; P < .0001). Conclusion: This study showed a significant correlation between SANE and mHHS in patients undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery both pre- and postoperatively. SANE ADL and Sport had a strong correlation with HOS ADL and Sport preoperatively and short-term postoperatively. SANE scores are more highly correlated with traditional subjective outcome measures during the short-term postoperative period than they are preoperatively. The SANE score provides an efficient method of assessing outcomes after hip arthroscopy.
Return to bowel screening after a false-positive faecal immunochemical test in BowelScreen (the National Bowel Screening Programme in Ireland)
Authors: Ch’ng Brandon Xian , Mooney Therese , O’Donoghue Diarmuid , Fitzpatrick Patricia 
Published: July 2019

Objective Little research exists on what predicts individual return to screening after a false-positive faecal immunochemical test in a population bowel screening programme. We aimed to quantify the impact of false-positive faecal immunochemical test in the first round of screening on re-attendance in BowelScreen, the National Bowel Screening Programme in Ireland. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. False-positivity was defined as a positive faecal immunochemical test with subsequent colonoscopy showing no evidence of malignancy or surveillance requirement. In those with a false-positive faecal immunochemical test, logistic regression was used to predict repeat participation in the second round. Results Of 196,149 individuals who attended the first screening round, 108,075 were eligible and re-invited in the second round, and 93,971 accepted the invitation (86.9%). Second round uptake was higher in faecal immunochemical test-negative individuals compared with those having false-positive results (87.5% vs. 73.1%; p < 0.001). Older age (odds ratio (OR) 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–0.94), computed tomography colonography (unsuitability/failed colonoscopy) (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.21–0.73), and longer duration from screening invitation to faecal immunochemical test result (OR 0.991; 95% CI 0.9872–0.995) were predictors of non-re-attendance in the next screening round. Conclusion There is a significant reduction in re-attendance rates for individuals with false-positive faecal immunochemical test results. The letter sent following a negative colonoscopy is being reviewed to ensure that it provides adequate encouragement to re-attend. There are roles for screening promotion and for Gastroenterologists and Advanced Nurse Practitioners to emphasize the importance of regular faecal immunochemical tests after a negative colonoscopy.
In-line filtration reduced phlebitis associated with peripheral venous cannulation: Focus on cost-effectiveness and patients’ perspectives
Authors: Villa Gianluca , Giua Rosa , Amass Timothy , Tofani Lorenzo , Chelazzi Cosimo , Pinelli Fulvio , De Gaudio A Raffaele , Romagnoli Stefano 
Published: July 2019

Background: In a previous trial, in-line filtration significantly prevented postoperative phlebitis associated with short peripheral venous cannulation. This study aims to describe the cost-effectiveness of in-line filtration in reducing phlebitis and examine patients’ perception of in-hospital vascular access management with and without in-line filtration. Methods: We analysed costs associated with in-line filtration: these data were prospectively recorded during the previous trial. Furthermore, we performed a follow-up for all the 268 patients enrolled in this trial. Among these, 213 patients responded and completed 6 months after hospital discharge questionnaires evaluating the perception of and satisfaction with the management of their vascular access. Results: In-line filtration group required 95.60€ more than the no-filtration group (a mean of € 0.71/patient). In terms of satisfaction with the perioperative management of their short peripheral venous cannulation, 110 (82%) and 103 (76.9%) patients, respectively, for in-line filtration and control group, completed this survey. Within in-line filtration group, 97.3% of patients were satisfied/strongly satisfied; if compared with previous experiences on short peripheral venous cannulation, 11% of them recognised in-line filtration as a relevant causative factor in determining their satisfaction. Among patients within the control group, 93.2% were satisfied/strongly satisfied, although up to 30% of them had experienced postoperative phlebitis. At the qualitative interview, they recognised no difference than previous experiences on short peripheral venous cannulation, and mentioned postoperative phlebitis as a common event that ‘normally occurs’ during a hospital stay. Conclusion: In-line filtration is cost-effective in preventing postoperative phlebitis, and it seems to contribute to increasing patient satisfaction and reducing short peripheral venous cannulation–related discomfort
Change in multiple sclerosis prevalence over time in Australia 2010–2017 utilising disease-modifying therapy prescription data
Authors: Campbell Julie A , Simpson Steve , Ahmad Hasnat , Taylor Bruce V , van der Mei Ingrid , Palmer Andrew J 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Determine the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Australia in 2017 using MS-specific disease-modifying therapy (DMT) prescription data and estimate the change in prevalence from 2010. Methods: DMT prescriptions were extracted from Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) data for January–December 2017. Percentages of people with MS using DMTs (DMT penetrance) were calculated using data from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study. Prevalence was estimated by dividing the total number of monthly prescriptions by 12 (except alemtuzumab), adjusted for DMT penetrance and Australian population estimates. Prevalences in Australian states/territories were age-standardised to the Australian population. Comparisons with 2010 prevalence data were performed using Poisson regression. Results: Overall DMT penetrance was 64%, and the number of people with MS in Australia in 2017 was 25,607 (95% confidence interval (CI): 24,874–26,478), a significant increase of 4324 people since 2010 ( p < 0.001). The prevalence increased significantly from 95.6/100,000 (2010) to 103.7/100,000 (2017), with estimates highest in Tasmania in 2017 (138.7/100,000; 95% CI: 137.2–140.1) and lowest in Queensland (74.6/100,000; 95% CI: 73.5–75.6). From 2010 to 2017 using the median latitudes for each state/territory, the overall latitudinal variation in MS prevalence was an increase of 3.0% per degree-latitude. Conclusion: Consistent with global trends, Australia’s MS prevalence has increased; this probably reflecting decreased mortality, increased longevity and increased incidence.
Influence of CNS T2-focal lesions on cervical cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pravatà Emanuele , Valsasina Paola , Gobbi Claudio , Zecca Chiara , Riccitelli Gianna C , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A 
Published: July 2019

Background: Mechanisms associated with cervical spinal cord (CSC) and upper thoracic spinal cord (TSC) atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) are poorly understood. Objective: To assess the influence of brain, CSC and TSC T2-hyperintense lesions on cord atrophy and disability in MS. Methods: Thirty-four MS patients underwent 3T brain, cervical and thoracic cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score assessment. CSC/TSC lesion number and volume (LV), whole-brain and cortico-spinal tract (CST) LVs were obtained. Normalized whole CSC and upper TSC cross-sectional areas (CSAn) were also derived. Age- and sex-adjusted regression models assessed associations of brain/cord lesions with CSAn and EDSS and identified variables independently associated with CSAn and EDSS with a stepwise variable selection. Results: CSC CSAn (β = −0.36, p = 0.03) and TSC CSAn (β = −0.60, p < 0.001) were associated with CSC T2 LV. EDSS (median = 3.0) was correlated with CSC T2 LV (β = 0.42, p = 0.01), brain (β = 0.34, p = 0.04) and CST LV (β = 0.35, p = 0.03). The multivariate analysis retained CSC LV as significant predictor of CSC CSAn ( R2 = 0.20, p = 0.023) and TSC CSAn ( R2 = 0.51, p < 0.001) and retained CSC and CST LVs as significant predictors of EDSS ( R2 = 0.55, p = 0.001). Conclusions: CSC LV is an independent predictor of cord atrophy. When neurological impairment is relatively mild, central nervous system (CNS) lesion burden is a better correlate of disability than atrophy.
Dimensions of Informality in Bangladesh Labour Market and the Consequent Wage Penalty
Authors: Rahman Mustafizur , Bhattacharya Debapriya , Al-Hasan Md 
Published: July 2019

The article examines the various dimensions and underlying causes of informal employment in the Bangladesh labour market and the associated wage penalty. Based on labour force survey data for successive points, we trace the dynamics of employment in Bangladesh along the informal–formal divide over time. Given that wage differential remains a key feature concerning the two market segments, we have carried out mean and quantile decomposition exercises to estimate the wage penalty originating from informality. We find significant wage gaps between formal- and informal-paid employees, formal paid and informal day labour, and formal paid and informal self-employed. The wage gaps range between 65.0 per cent and 225.0 per cent. The gap arises from a combination of observed differences in human capital and job characteristics, and the wage premium accruing from formal employment. JEL: C21, J31
Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Transcriptomes Expression in Thyroid Cancer Tissues Among Patients With Exposure of Medical Occupational Radiation
Authors: Shi Feng , Liu Ying , Li Min , Wen Peng , Qian Qiu Qin , Fan Yibin , Huang Ruixue 
Published: July 2019

Background:Occupational exposure of radiation among medical radiation workers contributes to the subsequent increased risk of thyroid cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of cancer biology. However, little is known about lncRNA expression in thyroid cancer tissues from patients who are exposed to medical occupational radiation. The purpose of this study is to reveal the transcriptomes difference between thyroid cancer tissues and adjacent nonneoplastic thyroid tissues.Methods:Microarray technology was used in this study. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was adopted to verify 6 differentially expressed lncRNAs. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were performed using standard enrichment computational methods. Potential target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were predicted with 2 independent algorithms.Results:A total of 23 lncRNA and messenger RNA transcripts were found differentially expressed in the thyroid cancer tissues (fold change ≥2.0, P < .05). This differential lncRNA expression may affect many pathways, including those involved in cysteine and methionine metabolism, Huntington disease, propanoate metabolism, and carcinogenesis.Conclusions:Our study provides a transcriptome-wide screening and analysis of the lncRNA expression profile in thyroid cancer tissues from patients with medical occupational radiation exposure and lays the foundation for further investigation of lncRNAs related to thyroid cancer development and carcinogenic risk of medical occupational radiation exposure.
Utilizing an HIV community advisory board as an agent of community action and health promotion in a low-resource setting: a case-study from Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Milnor Jacob R. , Santana Clarice Silva , Martos Alexander J. , Pilotto Jose Henrique , Souza Claudia Teresa Viera de 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: Brazil’s HIV burden has greatly increased over the past decade, especially for socially marginalized and vulnerable groups such as adolescents, women, and men who have sex with men. The reasoning for worsening HIV outcomes is complex, but ongoing economic and political crises have placed extreme operational and financial burdens on both the public health system and HIV-related civil society, affecting both treatment and prevention efforts and delivery. Context: Community-based HIV-related health-promotion activities have continued in Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, despite these setbacks. These efforts have been led by a semi-independent community advisory board and engagement group based at the Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu with support from researchers based at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Methods: The research team supported, documented, and participated in various activities led by the community advisory board and engagement group from 2017–2018 including meetings, community workshops/lectures, production of health promotion materials, and the dissemination of research findings. Results: The research team utilized the concepts of vernacular knowledge and critical pedagogy to describe and document the ongoing, bottom-up approach, community-led efforts of the community advisory board and engagement group. In particular, we describe the process of stakeholder engagement, popularization of research results, and resource sharing spearheaded by the community advisory board in Nova Iguaçu. Conclusion: The community advisory board demonstrates how community-led efforts are essential to HIV and AIDS response efforts in light of worsening HIV burdens and global shifts towards biomedicalization. Their HIV-related activities rely on existing community networks and resources with secondary support from a research team. This illustrates a key intervention point between traditional research and an empowering community mobilization that can inform similar efforts in other low-resource settings.
Midterm Results of Radiographic and Functional Outcomes After Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis With Bulk Femoral Head Allograft
Authors: Rogero Ryan , Tsai Justin , Fuchs Daniel , Shakked Rachel , Raikin Steven M. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis implementing adjunctive allografts is a method of limb salvage for patients with complex hindfoot osseous deficits, though outcome results are limited. The purposes of this study were to assess functional and radiographic outcomes after TTC arthrodesis with femoral head allograft and retrospectively identify prognostic factors. Methods: The authors reviewed 24 TTC arthrodesis procedures with bulk femoral head allografts performed by a single surgeon from 2004 to 2016. Radiographic union at the ankle and subtalar joints along with stability of the allograft were assessed. Patients who had clinically successful arthrodeses were contacted to score the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure—Activities of Daily Living (FAAM-ADL) questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, and Short Form-12 (SF-12) at a mean of 58.0 months (range, 28-102) postoperatively. Results: Complete radiographic union of involved joints was achieved in 15 patients (63%) and in 75% (36/48) of all joints; 21 ankles (88%) were assessed to be radiographically stable at final follow-up. Three patients (13%) underwent revision arthrodesis at a mean of 18.9 months postoperatively, and 21 patients (88%) did not require additional surgery as of final follow-up. Patients significantly improved to a mean FAAM-ADL score of 71.5 from 36.3 (P < .001). The mean VAS for pain significantly improved from 77.2 to 32.9 (P < .001). Male sex (P = .08) and a lateral operative approach (P = .03) both resulted in worse outcomes. Conclusion: Use of a femoral head allograft with TTC arthrodesis can offer improved functional scores and sustained radiographic outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level IV: Case series
Patient Knowledge Regarding Radiation Exposure From Foot and Ankle Imaging
Authors: Manning Blaine T. , Bohl Daniel D. , Idarraga Alexander J. P. , Holmes George B. , Lee Simon , Lin Johnny L. , Hamid Kamran S. 
Published: July 2019

Foot and ankle surgeons routinely prescribe diagnostic imaging that exposes patients to potentially harmful ionizing radiation. It is unclear how well patients understand the radiation to which they are exposed. In this study, 946 consecutive new patients were surveyed regarding medical imaging and radiation exposure prior to their first appointment. Respondents compared the amount of radiation associated with chest X-rays (CXRs) with various types of foot and ankle imaging. Results were compared with actual values of radiation exposure from the published literature. Of 946 patients surveyed, 841 (88.9%) participated. Most had private insurance (82.8%) and a bachelor’s degree or higher (60.6%). Most believed that foot X-ray, ankle X-ray, “low dose” foot and ankle computed tomography (CT) scan (alluding to cone-beam CT), and traditional foot and ankle CT scan contain similar amounts of ionizing radiation to CXR. This contradicts the published literature that suggests that the actual exposure to patients is 0.006, 0.006, 0.127, and 0.833 CXR equivalents of radiation, respectively. Of patients who had undergone an X-ray, 55.9% thought about the issue of radiation prior to the study, whereas 46.1% of those undergoing a CT scan considered radiation prior to the exam. Similarly, 35.2% and 27.6% reported their doctor having discussed radiation with them prior to obtaining an X-ray and CT scan, respectively. Patients greatly overestimate the radiation exposure associated with plain film X-rays and cone-beam CT scans of the foot and ankle, and may benefit from increased counseling regarding the relatively low radiation exposure associated with these imaging modalities. Level of Evidence: Level III: Prospective questionnaire