bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain Analysis of Vacuum Interrupter Bellows
Authors: Yoshida Keiko , Ueda Masashi , Nishimura Yusuke , Kajinami Nobuhiko , Kitamura Toru 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The vacuum interrupter (VI) is the main part of the vacuum circuit breaker (VCB), and an essential component of its design is the bellows. In future high-voltage VCBs, faster switching speeds will lead to higher dynamic impact-type loads, and the oscillation of the bellows after the contact opening and closing could shorten the mechanical life of the bellows. This article provides a 1D computer-aided engineering (CAE) analysis of the strain of the bellows oscillation in a VI caused by the axial load from the impact of the contact. A formula for the oscillation is derived using the longitudinal vibration response of a mass-spring 1D model, calculated by the convolution integral of the input and the impulse response function of the vibration modes. The proposed 1D analysis was verified and shown to be effective under four different experimental conditions. This article also provides a 1D CAE analysis of the mechanical life of the bellows. These 1D analyses estimate the effect of stress reducing countermeasures on the bellows' lifetime without increasing its size.
Multi Combustor Turbine Engine Acceleration Process Control Law Design
Authors: Cai Changpeng , Zhang Haibo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Focusing on the collaborative fuel supply and acceleration problem of multicombustor turbine engine, a variable geometry composite regulation acceleration control law design method based on the combination of compressor intermediate stage air bleed (CIB) and low-pressure turbine guide vanes (LTGV) is proposed. The multicombustor collaborative fuel supply law and variable geometry regulation law during acceleration process are obtained by Particle Swarm Optimization-Sequence Quadratic Program (PSO-SQP) optimization, and the composite regulation acceleration control strategy of dual/single combustion chamber idle acceleration process is explored. The multicombustor acceleration process simulation results indicate that the variable geometry composite regulation method can effectively alleviate the stability margin limitation of the compressor during the initial acceleration stage. Compared with conventional acceleration methods, the maximum relative reduction in acceleration time of our method reaches 26%; enhancing the combustion exergy efficiency during the acceleration process can significantly improve the engine's acceleration performance. For the acceleration process from single combustion chamber idle operation to normal operation of a dual combustion chamber, simultaneous fuel supply from both combustion chambers during acceleration has a shorter acceleration time. The research results of this paper can provide important references for the design of transition state control systems for multicombustor turbine engines.
A Passively Actuated Spoiler Using Sequential, Interacting Instabilities
Authors: Wheatcroft Ed , Shen Jiajia , Groh Rainer , Pirrera Alberto , Schenk Mark 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Gust load alleviation systems can reduce the peak stresses an airframe may experience during its lifetime, allowing for a more lightweight structural design. Consequently, many gust load alleviation systems have been proposed, but most are ‘active’ in the sense that they rely on sensors and actuators in order to function. Such ancillary systems add weight, complexity and cost to an aircraft design, partly diluting any benefit from the load alleviation function. We therefore propose a fully ‘passive’ gust load alleviation spoiler, whose only stimulus for deployment is the deformation of the wing into which it is integrated. The optimal structural response for such a device is outlined, and the concept of sequential, interacting instabilities is adopted to meet these requirements — this approach allows the spoiler to remain stowed until a critical strain in the wing is reached, after which the spoiler deploys rapidly. The working principle of the passive spoiler concept is introduced using a simple bar and spring model, and a physical prototype is detailed. An experimental setup is also presented to verify the structural performance of the spoiler under aerodynamic loading. In summary, this work paves the way for potentially lighter and more efficient aircraft designs through the development of a simple yet effective passive load alleviation mechanism.
Machine Learning Predictive Algorithm for Self-Sensing Electric Vehicle Battery Enclosure
Authors: Nieduzak Tymon B. , Zhou Tianyi , Tronci Eleonora M. , Demo Luke B. , Feng Maria Q. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a favorable and rapidly growing tactic for reducing carbon emissions. However, the most commonly used power source in EVs, Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs), can pose a significant safety risk in the form of thermal runaway. This is a fast-acting and dangerous failure mode that may lead to fires and explosions. To address this issue, the authors’ previous work developed a self-sensing composite battery enclosure with embedded micro-temperature sensors to provide LIB condition monitoring. The prior work produced extensive experimental and simulation results, characterizing an enclosure-embedded battery management system. It was found that the top composite layer causes a time lag in temperature detection, impeding an early warning signal. This current study aims to create a regression model leveraging machine learning (ML) strategies which is able to predict interior battery enclosure temperatures when trained on the prior study’s thermal experiments and simulations. The temperature inference model predicts the enclosure’s surface temperatures using embedded temperature measurements in real-time, compensating for the time lag. Random Forest (RF) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) ML models are compared, considering performance and computational costs. Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) are utilized to quantify the prediction accuracies of both approaches. The temperature inference model enhances the practicality of a self-sensing composite battery enclosure as a battery management system, mitigating risks associated with LIB thermal runaway events. By monitoring embedded temperature changes and predicting the temperatures on the interior surface of the enclosure, the system provides insights into potential hazards, enabling timely interventions and ensuring EV safety.
Influence of surgeon learning on outcomes in new ophthalmic procedures: quantified nationwide evidence in endothelial corneal transplantation
Authors: Shanmugaranjan Shaminie , Hopkinson Cathy , Downward Lewis , Larkin Daniel F P 
Published: October 2024

Aims
To investigate the impact of surgeon learning on endothelial keratoplasty (EK) procedure outcomes.

Methods
A prospective nationwide registry study of EK grafts in patients aged at least 21 years with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy undergoing a first EK procedure in that eye between 2005 and 2020. EK procedures were either Descemet Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK) or Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK). Primary outcome was transplant survival at 2 years. Secondary outcomes at 1-year post-transplant were (1) best-corrected visual acuity, (2) requirement for repeat air injection procedures to treat graft detachment and (3) iatrogenic primary graft failure.

Results
Following analysis of 11 516 EK transplants, significant impact of surgeon learning was indicated by (1) the influence of surgeon prior experience in that EK technique, (2) the influence of surgeon prior experience in postoperative management and (3) the time interval from introduction of that EK technique in the United Kingdom to time of surgery. EK grafts reported to have failed within the first 6 months were a significant proportion of all transplant failures.

Conclusions
Influence of surgeon learning and inexperience in EK of clinical and statistical significance can be quantified and diminishes over time. Equivalent analyses may be feasible for novel procedures in other ophthalmology specialties and surgical training. Training programmes and nationwide advisory networks may be helpful in reducing the duration and impact of surgeon learning curves.
Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Treatment Trial 2 (TONTT-2): evaluating the efficacy of different doses of erythropoietin – a multicentre, randomised, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Abdolalizadeh Parya , Kashkouli Mohsen Bahmani , Ghazizadeh Mahya , Pakdel Farzad , Etezad Razavi Mohammad , Nojomi Marzieh , Abri Aghdam Kaveh , Sanjari Mostafa Soltan , Karimi Nasser , Ghahvehchian Hossein , Soleimani Mohammad , Tabatabaei Seyed Ali 
Published: October 2024

AimThe aim is to compare the efficacy and safety of three different weight-adjusted intravenous erythropoietin (EPO) doses in patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).MethodsThis study is a multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, dose-finding trial on patients aged ≥7 years with a confirmed diagnosis of indirect TON in ≤3 weeks. The trial had a 3-day treatment period and a 3-month follow-up period. Patients were randomly allocated (1:1:1) to receive EPO at doses of 900 IU/kg (300 IU/kg/day), 1800 IU/kg (600 IU/kg/day) or 3600 IU/kg (600 IU/kg/day on presentation and then 1 month later) EPO. The changes in the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), colour vision and relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) were assessed.ResultsOut of 118 eligible patients, 95 were randomised and 93 (31 in each group) completed the follow-ups. Three groups were not different regarding baseline BCVA (p=0.66), colour vision (p=0.25) and RAPD (p=0.79). All three groups showed a significant improvement of BCVA and RAPD with no significant differences among the groups. Colour vision showed a significant improvement only in the group with 3600 IU/kg EPO (p=0.005), even though final colour vision was not significantly different between the groups (p=0.49). Initial vision of no light perception (OR=7.79 (95% CI: 2.98 to 20.36), p<0.001), older age (OR=4.76 (95% CI: 1.92 to 11.76), p<0.001), longer trauma-treatment interval (OR=2.72, 95% CI: 1.16 to 6.33, p=0.02) and posterior orbital fractures (OR=2.63 (95% CI: 1.13 to 6.13), p=0.02) led to a significantly worse visual recovery.ConclusionIncreasing dose of EPO in patients with TON did not result in a better BCVA, colour vision and RAPD improvement.Trial registration numberNCT03308448.
Low energy availability surrogates are associated with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport outcomes in male athletes
Authors: Holtzman Bryan , Kelly Rose K , Saville Grace H , McCall Lauren , Adelzedah Kaya A , Sarafin Samantha R , Nikam Prakruthi , Meneguzzi Isabella , McIntyre Abby , Kraus Emily K , Ackerman Kathryn E 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesTo determine the association between surrogates of low energy availability (EA) and proposed health and performance outcomes of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) in a clinical sample of adolescent and young adult male athletes.MethodsMale athletes ages 15–30 years presenting to a sports medicine clinic at two tertiary care centres were invited to complete a survey about athlete health and well-being. Participants were divided into low EA and adequate EA groups based on survey responses. The associations between low EA and REDs outcomes were evaluated using χ2tests and ORs were calculated using binomial logistic regression (significance: p<0.05).ResultsLow EA was associated with increased frequency of self-reported immunological, metabolic, psychological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal dysfunction; reduced endurance performance, response to training, judgement, coordination and muscle strength; and increased irritability and depression. Low EA athletes were more likely to have self-reported cardiovascular dysfunction (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.56 to 5.26) and psychological illness (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.91 to 5.41), decreased training response (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.38 to 5.03) and endurance performance (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.52) and were less likely to have self-reported gonadal dysfunction (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.81), than adequate EA athletes (p<0.05).ConclusionsLow EA surrogates are associated with many adverse health outcomes and performance effects of REDs in male athletes. More prospective REDs research in males is needed to improve various aspects of REDs screening in young male athletes.
Development and internal validation of prehospital prediction models for identifying intracerebral haemorrhage in suspected stroke patients
Authors: Almubayyidh Mohammed , Parry-Jones Adrian R , Jenkins David A 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionDistinguishing patients with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) from other suspected stroke cases in the prehospital setting is crucial for determining the appropriate level of care and minimising the onset-to-treatment time, thereby potentially improving outcomes. Therefore, we developed prehospital prediction models to identify patients with ICH among suspected stroke cases.MethodsData were obtained from the Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium prehospital stroke trial, where paramedics evaluated multiple variables in suspected stroke cases within the first 2 hours from the last known well time. A total of 19 candidate predictors were included to minimise overfitting and were subsequently refined through the backward exclusion of non-significant predictors. We used logistic regression and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models to evaluate the performance of the predictors. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), confusion matrix metrics and calibration measures. Additionally, models were internally validated and corrected for optimism through bootstrapping. Furthermore, a nomogram was built to facilitate paramedics in estimating the probability of ICH.ResultsWe analysed 1649 suspected stroke cases, of which 373 (23%) were finally diagnosed with ICH. From the 19 candidate predictors, 9 were identified as independently associated with ICH (p<0.05). Male sex, arm weakness, worsening neurological status and high systolic blood pressure were positively associated with ICH. Conversely, a history of hyperlipidaemia, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, ischaemic stroke and improving neurological status were associated with other diagnoses. Both logistic regression and XGBoost demonstrated good calibration and predictive performance, with optimism-corrected sensitivities ranging from 47% to 49%, specificities from 89% to 90% and AUCs from 0.796 to 0.801.ConclusionsOur models demonstrate good predictive performance in distinguishing patients with ICH from other diagnoses, making them potentially useful tools for prehospital ICH management.
Improving the assessment of cultural, religious and spiritual needs for patients at the end-of-life within an acute hospital trust
Authors: Gunawardena Nipuna , Britton Hannah , Roy Jacqueline , Harding Samantha , Eckoldt Stephanie , Lovell Natasha 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCultural, religious and spiritual (CRS) needs become increasingly important to individuals as they approach the end of life. CRS needs often remain unmet for patients dying in an acute hospital setting. The ‘Just Ask’ quality improvement project was designed to explore barriers to routine assessment of CRS needs, and to design resources and intervention to support staff to increase assessment of these needs.AimsThe primary aim of the project was to increase the number of patients receiving end-of-life care in hospital with a documented CRS needs assessment from 43% (based on audit data) to greater than 50% over the 9-month project.DesignThe study occurred in two phases.The scoping phase evaluated the current service, enablers, barriers and confidence in assessing CRS needs using an online staff survey and four staff focus groups. Results were analysed using qualitative content analysis, descriptive statistics and thematic analysis and informed the intervention phase.The intervention phase consisted of two Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles focusing on resource visibility/accessibility, organisational value placed on CRS needs assessment and staff education.Outcomes (documented CRS needs assessment) were measured by case notes review over 3 month periods - 1 year prior to and after the PDSA cycles. The impact of education interventions on staff confidence relating to CRS needs assessment were measured via an anonymous questionnaire.OutcomeDocumented assessment of CRS needs increased from 43% to 57% in patients receiving end-of-life care in our hospital. Staff confidence scores in CRS needs assessment increased by 46–87%.ConclusionsThe factors that influence the addressing of CRS needs in a busy hospital are multifactorial. Organisational culture, appropriate resource provision and visibility, and education are essential factors in supporting staff to recognise, understand and engage with CRS needs assessment in patients receiving end-of-life care in hospital.
Role of ethnicity and residency in active tuberculosis in Karakalpakstan: study protocol of a matched case-control study
Authors: Asadov Damin A , Aripov Timur , Alaverdyan Sevak , Sadikkhodjayeva Diloram , Yuldashev Gulmirza , Allakova Nargiza , Khamraev Atadjan K 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionUzbekistan is one of the 30 countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) morbidity, accounting for 87% of all cases globally. The incidence of TB in the Republic of Karakalpakstan (RK) remains consistently high in comparison with other regions of Uzbekistan. The incidence rates of TB strongly differ even among the regions within RK. In 2019, the highest rates were registered in the northern and north-western regions, and the lowest in the southern regions. An important issue is the extent to which specific residencies impact individual health. The ethnic composition of the population of RK can be one of the possible causes for such geographical heterogeneity in TB morbidity.Methods and analysisThe case-control design of this study primarily aims to evaluate the role of ethnicity and residency on the development of active TB in the community living in RK. Additionally, the study aims to measure the association between factors of TB morbidity and ethnicity/residency in the community of RK. It was decided to include one matched control for every included case, to control potential confounders. Cases with clinically diagnosed or bacteriologically confirmed TB will be randomly sampled from the patient registry. Controls will comprise individuals without TB, living in RK at the same time as the cases. They will be randomly sampled from a general roster of the residents.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Medical Association of Uzbekistan (approval report of meeting #1 on 18 January 2024). The results of this study will be widely disseminated at scientific meetings and conferences, and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Evolution of the use, effectiveness and safety of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy forHelicobacter pyloriinfection between 2013 and 2021: results from the European registry onH. pylorimanagement (Hp-EuReg)
Authors: Olmedo Llum , Calvet Xavier , Gené Emili , Bordin Dmitry S , Voynovan Irina , Castro-Fernandez M , Pabón-Carrasco Manuel , Keco-Huerga Alma , Perez-Aisa Ángeles , Lucendo Alfredo J , Rodrigo Luís , Sarsenbaeva Aiman S , Khlinov Igor B , Fadieienko Galyna , Zaytsev Oleg , Lanas Ángel , Martínez-Domínguez Samuel J , Alfaro Enrique , Jonaitis Laimas , Núñez Óscar , Pellicano Rinaldo , Hernández Luis , Gridnyev Oleksiy , Kupcinskas Juozas , Gasbarrini Antonio , Boltin Doron , Niv Yaron , Babayeva Gülüstan , Marcos-Pinto Ricardo , Tepes Bojan , Venerito Marino , Papp Veronika , Lerang Frode , Leja Mārcis , Phull Perminder S , Marlicz Wojciech , Doulberis Michael , Smith Sinead M , Milivojevic Vladimir , Kunovsky Lumir , Mestrovic Antonio , Matysiak-Budnik Tamara , Simsek Halis , Cano-Català Anna , Puig Ignasi , Moreira Leticia , Parra Pablo , Nyssen Olga P , Megraud Francis , O'Morain Colm , Gisbert Javier P 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundBismuth quadruple therapies (BQTs) including bismuth, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and two antibiotics have been shown to be highly effective for treatingHelicobacter pyloriinfection even in areas of high bacterial antibiotic resistance.ObjectiveTo describe the time trends of use, effectiveness and safety of BQT in Europe using the European Registry onHelicobacter pyloriManagement (Hp-EuReg).DesignPatients registered in the Hp-EuReg from 2013 to 2021 who had received BQT were included. The regimens prescribed, the number of eradication attempts, effectiveness, adherence and safety were analysed. The effectiveness was assessed by modified intention to treat (mITT). Time-trend and multivariate analyses were performed to determine variables that predicted treatment success.ResultsOf the 49 690 patients included in the Hp-EuReg, 15 582 (31%) had received BQT. BQT use increased from 8.6% of all treatments in 2013 to 39% in 2021. Single-capsule BQT—containing bismuth, metronidazole and tetracycline—plus a PPI (single-capsule BQT, ScBQT) was the most frequent treatment mode (43%). Schemes that obtained an effectiveness above 90% were the 10-day ScBQT and 14-day BQT using tetracycline plus metronidazole, or amoxicillin plus either clarithromycin or metronidazole. Only ScBQT achieved above 90% cure rates in all the geographical areas studied. Using the ScBQT scheme, adherence, the use of standard or high-dose PPIs, 14-day prescriptions and the use of BQT as first-line treatment were significantly associated with higher mITT effectiveness.ConclusionThe use of BQT increased notably in Europe over the study period. A 10-day ScBQT was the scheme that most consistently achieved optimal effectiveness.Trial registration numberNCT02328131.
Sporadic hypertrophic and nodular port-wine stain: a study of 27 cases with emphasis on histological features and novel mutation type
Authors: Xue Shuang , Qiao Junbo , Yu Ruili , Li Mei , Ding Yanzhi , Fu Fangfang , Liu Qiuyu 
Published: October 2024

AimsTo investigate the clinicopathological features and molecular characteristics of sporadic hypertrophic and nodular port-wine stains (PWS).MethodsWe analysed the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of 27 sporadic hypertrophic and nodular PWS retrieved from our pathology database from 2013 to 2023 and reviewed the relevant literature.ResultsThere were 13 men and 14 women who ranged in age from 10 to 66 years. The main sites were the head and neck (23/27, 85%), which showed irregular thickening and darkening of purplish-red patches on the skin surface and the development of nodularity. Histologically, immature venule-like channels with irregular dilation are arranged in clusters or honeycombs, which are widely distributed primarily in the papillary layer and deep dermis and partly extend into the subcutaneous fat layer and other deep tissues. Dilated vessels with irregular shapes often exhibit fibrous thickening and an increased number of large vessels without vascular endothelial cell proliferation. All vessels showed similar characteristics, with positive staining for CD34, ERG and GNAQ in the endothelial cells, and negative staining for elastic fibres. Nine patients had somaticGNAQmutations (9/11, 82%), including exon four mutations (6 cases, p.R183Q), exon five mutations (2 cases, p.Q209R) and exon two mutations (one case, p.G48V). Two patients had somaticBCL6corepressor-like 1 (BCORL1) gene mutations (2/11, 18%), including exon 3 mutations (p.T1111M) and exon 7 mutations (p.G1391R).ConclusionsSporadic hypertrophic and nodular PWS are mostly related to somaticGNAQmutations. This is the first study to identify the RareGNAQ G48Vand somaticBCORL1mutations.