bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authigenesis of biomorphic apatite particles from Benguela upwelling zone sediments off Namibia: The role of organic matter in sedimentary apatite nucleation and growth
Authors: Mänd Kaarel , Kirsimäe Kalle , Lepland Aivo , Crosby Chris H. , Bailey Jake V. , Konhauser Kurt O. , Wirth Richard , Schreiber Anja , Lumiste Kaarel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSedimentary phosphorites comprise a major phosphorus (P) ore, yet their formation remains poorly understood. Extant polyphosphate‐metabolizing bacterial communities are known to act as bacterial phosphate‐pumps, leading to episodically high dissolved phosphate concentrations in pore waters of organic‐rich sediment. These conditions can promote the precipitation of amorphous precursor phases that are quickly converted to apatite—usually in carbonate fluorapatite form [Ca10(PO4,CO3)6F2‐3]. To assess the mechanisms underpinning the nucleation and growth of sedimentary apatite, we sampled P‐rich sediments from the Namibian shelf, a modern environment where phosphogenesis presently occurs. The P‐rich fraction of the topmost centimetres of sediment mainly consists of pellets about 50–400 μm in size, which in turn are comprised of micron‐sized apatite particles that are often arranged into radial structures with diameters ranging from 2 to 4 μm, and morphologies that range from rod‐shapes to dumbbells to spheres that resemble laboratory‐grown fluorapatite–gelatin nanocomposites known from double‐diffusion experiments in organic matrices. The nucleation and growth of authigenic apatite on the Namibian shelf is likely analogous to these laboratory‐produced precipitates, where organic macromolecules play a central role in apatite nucleation and growth. The high density of apatite nucleation sites within the pellets (>109 particles per cm3) suggests precipitation at high pore water phosphate concentrations that have been reported from the Namibian shelf and may be attributed to microbial phosphate pumping. The intimate association of organic material with the apatite could suggest a possible role of biological substrata, such as exopolymeric substances (EPS), in the nucleation of apatite precursors. Importantly, we do not observe any evidence that the apatite particles are actual phosphatized microbes, contradicting some earlier studies. Nevertheless, these results further evidence the potential importance of microbially derived (extracellular) organic matter as a template for phosphatic mineral nucleation in both recent and ancient phosphorites.
Large variability in drought survival among Urochloa spp. cultivars
Authors: Beloni Tatiane , Santos Patricia Menezes , Rovadoscki Gregori Alberto , Balachowski Jennifer , Volaire Florence 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Urochloa spp. cultivars are largely used for forage production in tropical and humid subtropical zones in Brazil. However, in areas of transition to drier zones, the persistence of Urochloa cultivars may be jeopardized by severe drought. We aimed to quantify and describe variability in growth potential under irrigation as well as dehydration tolerance and avoidance in cultivars under severe drought of Urochloa C4 species (Urochloa brizantha, cvs. Marandu and BRS Paiaguás and Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk), which were hypothesized to be less dehydration tolerant than a Mediterranean C3 species (Dactylis glomerata L. cv. Medly). Two experiments were carried out in a controlled environment—one in pots and one in long tubes—each under irrigation and drought successively. Marandu and Basilisk cultivars produced double the aerial and root biomass of cv. BRS Paiaguás. Their root systems were also deeper conferring them higher dehydration avoidance; however, they exhibited lower dehydration tolerance under severe drought. Conversely, cv. BRS Paiaguás was less productive, more dehydration tolerant and, therefore, able to survive at lower soil moisture, similar to the drought tolerant cv. Medly. The BRS Paiaguás cultivar may show sward persistence where extreme drought is experienced, but results should be confirmed under field conditions.
Differences in the bone marrow histology between childhood myelodysplastic syndrome with multilineage dysplasia and refractory cytopenia of childhood without multilineage dysplasia
Authors: Iwafuchi Hideto , Ito Masafumi 
Published: July 2018

AimsRefractory cytopenia of childhood (RCC) is subdivided into myelodysplastic syndrome with multilineage dysplasia (MDS‐MLD) and RCC without (w/o) multilineage dysplasia (RCC without MLD). Although RCC is a histomorphological distinct entity, the bone marrow (BM) histology of RCC is not yet characterised in relation to multilineage dysplasia. We investigated the BM histological features of RCC to clarify the characteristics of BM histology of MDS‐MLD in childhood compared to RCC without MLD.Methods and resultsThe BM histology and cytology in 60 RCC patients from the nationwide registry of Japanese Childhood AA‐MDS Study Group were reviewed retrospectively. Although a thorough genetic assessment, including GATA2 and/or SAMD9, was not performed, inherited BM failure disorders were excluded by a cytogenetic test, a chromosome fragility test and a telomere length measurement along with careful clinical assessments. Among the 60 patients, 20 (33%) of MDS‐MLD and 40 (67%) of RCC w/o MLD were classified according to their BM cytology. We then investigated the BM histological features and compared them between the two groups. The BM cellularity, distribution pattern of haematopoiesis, frequency of left‐shifted granulopoiesis, numbers of micromegakaryocytes and p53 immunostaining‐positive cells were significantly different between the groups. The BM histology of MDS‐MLD in childhood showed higher cellularity, the more common occurrence of diffuse distribution pattern, more frequently left‐shifted granulopoiesis and more micromegakaryocytes and p53 immunostaining‐positive cells than RCC without MLD.ConclusionsOur results showed that MDS‐MLD in childhood had a characteristic BM histology compared to RCC without MLD. The clinical relevance of MDS‐MLD in childhood needs to be evaluated.
Preparation and properties of porous SiC–Al2O3 ceramics using coal ash
Authors: Yin Yue , Ma Beiyue , Hu Chuanbo , Liu Guoqi , Li Hongxia , Su Chang , Ren Xinming , Yu Jingyu , Zhang Yaran , Yu Jingkun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we first reported that porous SiC–Al2O3 ceramics were prepared from solid waste coal ash, activated carbon, and commercial SiC powder by a carbothermal reduction reaction (CRR) method under Ar atmosphere. The effects of addition amounts of SiC (0, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) on the postsintering properties of as‐prepared porous SiC–Al2O3 ceramics, such as phase composition, microstructure, apparent porosity, bulk density, pore size distribution, compressive strength, thermal shock resistance, and thermal diffusivity have been investigated. It was found that the final products are β‐SiC and α‐Al2O3. Meanwhile, the SEM shows the pores distribute uniformly and the body gradually contacts closely in the porous SiC–Al2O3 ceramics. The properties of as‐prepared porous SiC–Al2O3 ceramics were found to be remarkably improved by adding proper amounts of SiC (10, 15, and 20 wt%). However, further increasing the amount of SiC leads to a decrease in thermal shock resistance and mechanical properties. Porous SiC–Al2O3 ceramics doped with 10 wt% SiC and sintered at 1600°C for 5 hours with the median pore diameter of 4.24 μm, room‐temperature compressive strength of 21.70 MPa, apparent porosity of 48%, and thermal diffusivity of 0.0194 cm2/s were successfully obtained.
The effects of inulin as a prebiotic supplement and the synbiotic interactions of probiotics to improve oxalate degrading activity
Authors: Önal Darilmaz Derya , Sönmez Şule , Beyatli Yavuz 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper examines the impact of inulin, Lactobacillus spp. (candidate probiotics), and synbiotic (inulin + Lactobacillus spp.) preparation on oxalate degrading activity and viability of Escherichia coli. In this study, the lowest viability of E. coli was recorded for the synbiotic treatments of Lactobacillus fermentum BP5 (59%) and IP5 (60%). The oxalate degrading activity of L. fermentum IP5 was 38.18 and 29.60% higher than the other strains after growth in 10 mM and 20 mM MRS‐ox plus 5% inulin media, respectively. The mixture of three strains demonstrated higher oxalate degrading capacity than the individual strains and showed the same good growth rates (9.43 CFU mL−1) as individuals. The study concludes that the addition of prebiotics has a significant effect on probiotics; therefore, a combination of L. fermentum IP5 with inulin could be a viable probiotic‐based functional food approach in administering oxalate metabolism and also treatment of E. coli‐related infections.
Shelf‐life extension and quality improvement of a Portuguese traditional ready‐to‐eat meat product with vinegar
Authors: Laranjo Marta , Potes Maria Eduarda , Gomes Ana , Véstia Joana , Garcia Raquel , Fernandes Maria José , Fraqueza Maria João , Elias Miguel 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCabeça de xara is a traditional ready‐to‐eat meat product (RTEMP) from the Portuguese region of Alentejo. It is a moulded galantine made of low value pork pieces. The aim of this work was to test the addition of vinegar in reducing the spoilage microbiota, as well as controlling Listeria monocytogenes, in order to increase the shelf‐life of cabeça de xara. Physicochemical (fatty acids and biogenic amines profiles), microbiological (mesophiles, psychrotrophic bacteria, enterobacteria, yeasts and L. monocytogenes) and sensory analyses were performed throughout the storage period. RTEMP vinegar samples always showed lower microbiological counts than control samples. Moreover, RTEMP vinegar samples showed significantly lower contents in vasoactive amines throughout the storage period, which might be explained by their significantly lower enterobacteria counts. Concerning sensory analysis, RTEMP vinegar samples generally scored higher in overall appreciation. Our results showed that shelf‐life of cabeça de xara may be extended from 1 to 3 months.
Characterization of a novel allelic variant in HLA‐B*46:01 lineage, HLA‐B*46:01:25, by cloning, phasing and sequencing
Authors: Li LiXin , Tian Wei , Zhu FaMing , Wang WenYi , Wang Fan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new allelic variant in HLA‐B*46:01 lineage, HLA‐B*46:01:25, has been identified in a male individual of Mongol ethnicity residing in northern China. Following polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐based typing (PCR‐SBT), this novel variant was further confirmed by cloning, phasing and sequencing. HLA‐B*46:01:25 differs from HLA‐B*46:01:01 by a single synonymous T substitution at nucleotide position 137 (C ‐ T) in exon 4, corresponding to codon 228 (ACC‐ACT) of the mature HLA‐B mRNA molecule.
Effect of systemic long‐term, low‐dose aspirin on periodontal status and soluble CD14 in gingival crevicular fluid: a case‐control study
Authors: Bali Sumeet K. , Madaiah Hemalata , Dharmapalan Jayanthi , Janarthanam Sanghamitra , Tarannum Fouzia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimIn the present study, we evaluated the effect of systemic long‐term, low‐dose aspirin on the periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) concentrations of aspirin‐triggered lipoxins (ATL) and soluble CD14 (sCD14).MethodsThe study group consisted of 45 patients who were on long‐term, low‐dose aspirin therapy, and the control group included patients not on aspirin therapy. Mean bleeding index, plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. GCF samples were analyzed for concentrations of ATL, and sCD14 using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method.ResultsThe means of PI, PD, and CAL were higher for the control group compared to the study group. The mean concentration of ATL was significantly higher for the study group (49.13 ± 37.39 ng/mL). The mean concentration of sCD14 was higher in the control group (5.75 ± 3.91 μg/mL). There was a negative correlation in the study group between concentrations of ATL with PD (r = −0.54) and CAL (r = −0.123). There was a positive correlation between sCD14 and CAL (r = 0.047) in the study group. A negative correlation was also observed between concentrations of sCD14 and ATL (r = −0.134) in the study group.ConclusionThe results indicate better periodontal status among long‐term aspirin users compared to non‐aspirin users.
Pediatric Readiness in Critical Access Hospital Emergency Departments
Authors: Pilkey Diane , Edwards Christy , Richards Rachel , Olson Lenora M. , Ely Michael , Edgerton Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeCritical Access Hospitals (CAHs), often the first point of access for emergency care, see few children and are challenged to remain proficient in caring for pediatric patients. Our analysis provides guidance to facilitate increasing CAHs staffs’ ability to provide effective pediatric emergency care.MethodsThe National Pediatric Readiness Project (NPRP) assessment of 4,146 emergency departments (EDs) was linked with the CAHs list from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Pediatric readiness was assessed using the weighted pediatric readiness score (WPRS). A WPRS of 100 indicates that the ED meets essential guidelines for pediatric readiness. Using descriptive statistics, we also compared low (fewer than 5 children a day) and medium patient volume (5‐14 children a day) EDs in 6 core areas of readiness.FindingsEighty‐six percent (1,140) of CAHs were linked to the NPRP. In the study, 80% were low and 20% medium volume. The median WPRS was 59.0 for low and 67.3 for medium volume. While some differences were found by patient volume, overall 63% of CAHs had a pediatric emergency care coordinator, 34% had a pediatric patient care review process, 62% had interfacility transfer guidelines, and 45% weighed children only in kilograms. CAHs participating in a facility recognition program had significantly higher median WPRS scores (84.3) compared to those not participating (59.5).ConclusionCAHs have challenges in being ready to care for children in the areas of pediatric emergency care coordinators, policies, procedures, and patient safety. Minimal cost interventions are available to increase the readiness of CAHs to care for children.
The diachrony of morphosyntactic alignment
Authors: Zúñiga Fernando 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith morphological and syntactic argument properties, some arguments behave alike (i.e., they align with each other) while others do not. Such alignment patterns have received significant attention in the literature, but claims as to their origin and development are sometimes difficult to assess, due to scant actual data. This paper surveys the main hypotheses proposed in early and recent work on the topic, focusing on alignment type change and on major alignment types (ergativity, accusativity, and split intransitivity) of morphological properties, with some remarks on syntactic properties. The survey shows that alignment type change may often occur when clauses denoting low transitivity are reanalyzed as clauses of either higher or lower syntactic valency, sometimes even introducing a partition in the verbal lexicon (occasionally being conditioned by semantic, pragmatic, or structural factors), or are extended from low‐transitivity predicates to most bivalent predicates. Lastly, alignment type change can be either functionally motivated or not.
The state of the art and fundamental aspects of regional climate modeling in South America
Authors: Ambrizzi Tércio , Reboita Michelle Simões , da Rocha Rosmeri Porfírio , Llopart Marta 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRegional climate models have been used since 1989 in order to improve climate simulation in regions where mesoscale forcings modulate the regional climate. These models are driven by time‐dependent lateral boundary conditions from global climate models or reanalysis, and this process is called dynamical downscaling. Here, we review the evolution of regional climate modeling, as well as present the studies developed for South America.
Can You Lie Without Intending to Deceive?
Authors: Krstić Vladimir 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article defends the view that liars need not intend to deceive. I present common objections to this view in detail and then propose a case of a liar who can lie but who cannot deceive in any relevant sense. I then modify this case to get a situation in which this person lies intending to tell his hearer the truth and he does this by way of getting the hearer to recognize his intention to tell the truth by lying. This case, and further cases that I develop from it, demonstrate that lying without the intention to deceive is possible.
Procedural justice and the law
Authors: Meyerson Denise , Mackenzie Catriona 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article considers procedural justice in the law, with specific reference to the adjudicative context of governmental officials applying legal standards to particular cases. We critically survey the three main accounts of procedural justice in the literature: utilitarian, outcome‐based, and dignitarian. Utilitarian and outcome‐based theories share the instrumental view that the only purpose of procedures is to lead to accurate legal outcomes. However, the former are willing to trade off the benefits of accuracy against its costs, whereas the latter hold that procedural rights are necessary to guard against the injustice caused when individuals' legal rights are mistakenly denied. Dignitarian theories maintain that process matters apart from outcomes, because procedures should show respect for individuals' dignity in the Kantian sense of rational agency. We present a new perspective, drawing on relational theory. Relational theory holds that we are social creatures whose self‐identities and sense of self‐respect are bound up with the quality of our relationships with other individuals, groups, and institutions. Our relational account is informed by empirical research in social psychology which has found that people's evaluation of procedures is substantially influenced by relational concerns.
A survey of stereotactic radiation therapy in veterinary medicine
Authors: Dunfield Elizabeth M. , Turek Michelle M. , Buhr Kevin A. , Christensen Neil C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRadiotherapy plays an important role in curative and palliative cancer treatment. As a novel radiation delivery technique, stereotactic radiotherapy utilizes three‐dimensional‐conformal treatment planning, high‐precision beam delivery technology, and patient specific position verification to target tumors, often in one to five high‐dose fractions. Currently, there is no consensus about best stereotactic radiotherapy practices in veterinary radiotherapy. The objective of this study was to document the breadth of perspectives, techniques, and applications of stereotactic radiotherapy in veterinary medicine. We conducted an online survey of American College of Veterinary Radiology members specializing in radiation oncology to assess how, when, and why stereotactic radiotherapy is being used. Both stereotactic radiotherapy users and nonusers completed the survey. The overall response and survey completion rates were 54% (67/123) and 87% (58/67), respectively. Overall, 55% of respondents reported providing stereotactic radiotherapy at their facility, with a median of 4.5 canine cases and one feline case per month. Delivery methods included C‐arm linear accelerator with multi‐leaf collimator, helical tomotherapy, and CyberKnife. Nonpituitary intracranial tumors, pituitary tumors, and sinonasal tumors were the most common cancers treated using stereotactic radiotherapy in both species. The most common fractionation scheme was three fractions of 10 Gy/fraction. The results of this survey suggest common availability of stereotactic radiotherapy in veterinary radiation facilities. These results provide valuable information regarding current stereotactic radiotherapy practices in veterinary medicine, and may provide an initial step toward standardizing methods and establishing consensus guidelines.
Type 2 diabetes and older age contribute to elevated plasma microparticle concentrations independent of chronic stroke
Authors: Landers‐Ramos Rian Q. , Serra Monica C. , Blumenthal Jacob B. , Ryan Alice S. , Hafer‐Macko Charlene E. , Prior Steven J. 
Published: July 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?What is the effect of chronic stroke on circulating microparticle populations, accounting for potential effects of age and type 2 diabetes?
What is the main finding and its importance?Elevated concentrations of CD31+/CD42b− and CD62E+ microparticles appear to be driven by type 2 diabetes but not chronic stroke and are associated with fasting glucose and triglyceride levels. Older age results in elevations in CD62E+ and CD34+ microparticle concentrations. These microparticles have been proposed as potential targets for diagnosing, treating and identifying the clinical progression and complications of type 2 diabetes.
AbstractThe elevated circulating concentration of endothelial microparticles (MPs) may provide an index of the extent and nature of cellular damage in chronic stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the circulating concentrations of CD31+/CD42b−, CD62E+ and CD34+ MPs in chronic stroke subjects, focusing on the effects of chronic stroke by comparison with both older adults without a history of stroke but with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and older and young healthy controls. Plasma from three groups of sedentary older (50–75 years) men and women (chronic stroke, T2DM or older healthy) as well as a group of younger (18–39 years) healthy controls was isolated from fasting blood, and CD31+/CD42b−, CD62E+ and CD34+ MPs were quantified using flow cytometry (n = 17/group). Concentrations of CD31+/CD42b− and CD62E+ MPs were higher in the T2DM group (P < 0.05), but not chronic stroke, compared to older and younger healthy adults. CD62E+ MP and CD34+ MP concentrations were elevated in the older compared to younger adults (P < 0.05 for both). Sub‐analyses excluding chronic stroke subjects who were also diagnosed with diabetes [stroke (diabetes−)] revealed lower CD31+/CD42b− (P < 0.05) and CD62E+ (P = 0.08) MPs in the stroke (diabetes−) group compared to the T2DM group. CD31+/CD42b− MP and CD62E+ MP concentrations were each associated with fasting glucose levels and CD31+/CD42b− MPs also were associated with triglyceride levels. As MPs have been proposed as potential targets for diagnosing, treating and identifying the clinical progression of T2DM, our study provides further support for the use of CD31+/CD42b− and CD62E+ MPs in the clinical progression of T2DM and associated vascular complications.