bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Neural Network Approach to Predict the Elastic Modulus from Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Results
Authors: Xu Xianbo , Gupta Nikhil 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCharacterizing viscoelastic materials over a range of temperatures and strain rates requires an elaborate experimental scheme. Methods are available that allow testing a single specimen and then transform the storage modulus data to recover elastic modulus. However, applying these methods to polymers with more than one thermal transitions is challenging. As the form of artificial neural network (ANN) follows the time–temperature superposition principle, it is used in the present work to establish the master relation for storage modulus. The neural network is built with various neuron numbers and regularization factors, and two magnitudes of Gaussian noises. The predictions achieve the best accuracy when the regularization factor equals 10−4 and neuron number equals the number of thermal transitions in the material. Then the ANN is trained on storage modulus data of graphene‐epoxy nanocomposites and achieves 4.1% average error. The storage modulus is transformed to time domain relaxation function using integral relation of viscoelasticity. Stress response over the strain history is determined and the elastic modulus is extracted. Compared to the tensile test results, the predictions achieve an average error of 0.7%, which indicates that the method can predict the material behavior over a wide range of temperatures and strain rates.
Selective Introduction of Trifluoroacetyl Group to β‐ and δ‐Position of Aromatic Conjugated Esters: Facile Synthesis of Fluorine‐containing Keto Esters
Authors: Zhang Tianyuan , Shimizu Yuhei , Shimizu Kazuyuki , Abe Mitsuhiro , Zheng Suhua , Maekawa Hirofumi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn approach to trifluoroacetylation of aromatic conjugated esters successfully led to the efficient and selective introduction of trifluoroacetyl group to the electron‐deficient β‐ or δ‐carbon atom of ester under mild reaction conditions by magnesium‐promoted reduction, followed by deacetalization with trifluoroacetic acid in moderate to good yields. A variety of fluorinated keto esters derived from ethyl cinnamates and β, γ‐ or γ‐, δ‐unsaturated fluorinated keto esters from aromatic dienoesters with a longer conjugation system were synthesized through this simple methodology utilizing ethyl trifluoroacetate as a fluorine‐containing carbon source.
Understanding the Reaction Interface in Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Huang Jun , Peng Zhangquan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Huang from Central South University, and Prof. Peng from Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The image shows how the current state of understanding the reaction interfaces in lithium–oxygen batteries reminds us of the parable of the blind and the elephant: Each person has his own opinion on which is the critical issue (the part of the elephant) and has a specific tool in hand. Read the full text of the Minireview at 10.1002/batt.201800083.
MNX1 promotes cell proliferation and activates Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Xiangrong , Pan Qimei , Lu Yijie , Jiang Xinwei , Zhang Sirong , Wu Jianwu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAberrant Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is a characteristic feature of colorectal cancer (CRC), therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of aberrant Wnt/β‐catenin signaling will improve the treatment outcome of CRC. Expression of MNX1 in paired fresh CRC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were examined by qPCR and Western blotting. The levels of MNX1 in paraffin‐embedded CRC specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The role of MNX1 in growth and proliferation of CRC cells was evaluated by MTT and colony formation assay. Luciferase reporter analysis and western blotting were carried out to explore the influence of MNX1 on Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. The results showed that expression of MNX1 is markedly upregulated in CRC tissues and positively correlated with level of Ki67, and overexpression of MNX1 significantly promotes the proliferation of CRC cells. Further study showed that ectopic expression of MNX1 activates the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and upregulates the expression of c‐Myc and CCND1, the downstream genes of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Therefore, MNX1 plays an indispensable role in promoting of human CRC progression and may represent a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
Mitsugumin 53 promotes mitochondrial autophagy through regulating Ambra1 expression in C2C12 myoblast cells
Authors: Lijie Gu , Yueyue Zhang , Nan Zhu , Ling Wang , Xuan Wang , Weijie Yuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the function of Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) in regulation of mitochondrial autophagy in skeletal muscle cells and explored its potential application in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The expression of autophagy beclin 1 regulator 1 (Ambra1) and MG53 in skeletal muscles of 5/6 nephrectomized rats was measured, and the effect of MG53 on mitochondrial autophagy of C2C12 myoblasts was investigated by in vitro experiments. Our results show the expression of Ambra1 and MG53 in the skeletal muscle of CKD rats was significantly decreased. In vitro experiments showed that MG53 overexpression could promote the expression of Ambra1 and mitochondrial autophagy in C2C12 cells, suggesting that recovery of autophagy by MG53 intervention may help remove abnormal mitochondria and alleviate muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the damaged or functionally incomplete mitochondria in CKD rats could not be effectively removed, which may be related to the low activity of Ambra1. In vitro experiments showed that MG53 overexpression could promote the expression of Ambra1 in C2C12 cells and restore mitochondrial autophagy. Whether MG53 can help remove abnormal mitochondria and relieve CKD‐induced muscle atrophy requires further study.
Analysis of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Hard Carbon Electrodes in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Carboni Marco , Manzi Jessica , Armstrong Antony Robert , Billaud Juliette , Brutti Sergio , Younesi Reza 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe composition, morphology, and evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on hard carbon (HC) electrodes upon cycling in sodium‐ion batteries are investigated. A microporous HC was prepared by pyrolysis of d‐(+)‐glucose at 1000 °C followed by ball‐milling. HC electrodes were galvanostatically cycled at room temperature in sodium‐ion half‐cells using an aprotic electrolyte of 1 m sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide dissolved in propylene carbonate with 3 wt % fluoroethylene carbonate additive. The evolution of the electrode/electrolyte interface was studied by impedance spectroscopy upon cycling and ex situ by spectroscopy and microscopy. The irreversible capacity displayed by the HC electrodes in the first galvanostatic cycle is probably due to the accumulation of redox inactive NaxC phases and the precipitation of a porous, organic‐inorganic hybrid SEI layer over the HC electrodes. This passivation film further evolves in morphology and composition upon cycling and stabilizes after approximately ten galvanostatic cycles at low current rates.
Landfill Leachate Treatment by Combining Coagulation and Advanced Electrochemical Oxidation Techniques
Authors: de Oliveira Mayra S. , da Silva Larissa F. , Barbosa Andreia D. , Romualdo Lincoln L. , Sadoyama Geraldo , Andrade Leonardo S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents and discusses the results obtained in the treatment of raw landfill leachate (RLL) with a combination of coagulation‐flocculation (Alum) and electrochemical techniques, using a filter‐press reactor with a boron‐doped diamond electrode. The success of the treatment was demonstrated by the quality of the treated water, which was evaluated based on parameters such as color, odor, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, free and total chlorine, total nitrite and nitrate, ammonia and microbiological tests (mesophiles and termotolerant coliforms). The best conditions for coagulation‐flocculation involved a dosage of 20 mL/L Al2(SO4)3 (50 g/L) at pH 6.0. To reduce energy consumption, the electrochemical treatments were carried out by applying different limiting current density (ilim) step sequences. This strategy reduced the energy consumed in the removal of the organic load by up to 40 % while maintaining a similarly effective mineralization rate (>90 % COD removal) between the steps. Microbiological tests revealed that the number of mesophiles was more than twelve orders of magnitude lower after electrolysis, indicating the important sanitizing effect caused by the HClO/chloramine species generated in the process. Color, turbidity and ammoniacal nitrogen were completely eliminated from the treated leachate by the end of the electrolysis process.
Thermally Robust and Tuneable Phosphorescent Gold(III) Complexes Bearing (N^N)‐Type Bidentate Ligands as Ancillary Chelates
Authors: Malmberg Robert , Bachmann Michael , Blacque Olivier , Venkatesan Koushik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhosphorescent mono‐cyclometalated gold(III) complexes and their possible applications in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) can be significantly enhanced with their improved thermal stability by suppressing the reductive elimination of the respective ancillary ligands. A rational tuning of the π‐conjugation of the cyclometalating ligand in conjunction with the non‐conjugated 5,5′‐(1‐methylethylidene)bis(3‐trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazole were used as a strategy to achieve room‐temperature phosphorescence emission in a new series of gold(III) complexes. Photophysical studies of the newly synthesised and characterised complexes revealed phosphorescent emission of the complexes at room temperature in solution, thin films when doped in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as well as in 2‐Me‐THF at 77 K. The complexes exhibit highly tuneable emission behaviour with photoluminescent quantum efficiencies up to 22 % and excited state lifetimes in the range of 63–300 μs. Detailed photophysical investigations in combination with DFT and TD‐DFT calculations support the conclusion that the emission properties are strongly dictated by both the cyclometalating ligand and the ancillary chelating ligand. Thermogravimetric studies further show that the thermal stability of the AuIII complexes has been drastically enhanced, making these complexes more attractive for OLED applications.
Recent Implementations of Molecular Photoswitches into Smart Materials and Biological Systems
Authors: Pianowski Zbigniew L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLight is a nearly ideal stimulus for molecular systems. It delivers information encoded in the form of wavelengths and their intensities with high precision in space and time. Light is a mild trigger that does not permanently contaminate targeted samples. Its energy can be reversibly transformed into molecular motion, polarity, or flexibility changes. This leads to sophisticated functions at the supramolecular and macroscopic levels, from light‐triggered nanomaterials to photocontrol over biological systems. New methods and molecular adapters of light are reported almost daily. Recently reported applications of photoresponsive systems, particularly azobenzenes, spiropyrans, diarylethenes, and indigoids, for smart materials and photocontrol of biological setups are described herein with the aim to demonstrate that the 21st century has become the Age of Enlightenment—“Le siècle des Lumières”—in molecular sciences.
Top‐down pressure on a coastal ecosystem by harbor seals
Authors: Aarts Geert , Brasseur Sophie , Poos Jan Jaap , Schop Jessica , Kirkwood Roger , van Kooten Tobias , Mul Evert , Reijnders Peter , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D. , Tulp Ingrid 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHistoric hunting has led to severe reductions of many marine mammal species across the globe. After hunting ceased, some populations have recovered to pre‐exploitation levels and may have regained their prominent position as top predator in marine ecosystems. Also, the harbor seal population in the international Wadden Sea grew at an exponential rate following a ban on seal hunting in 1960s, and the current number ~38,000 is close to the historic population size. Here we estimate the impact of the harbor seal predation on the fish community in the Wadden Sea and nearby coastal waters. Fish remains in fecal samples and published estimates on the seal's daily energy requirement were used to estimate prey selection and the magnitude of seal consumption. Estimates on prey abundance were derived from demersal fish surveys, and fish growth was estimated using a Dynamic Energy Budget model. GPS tracking provided information on where seals most likely caught their prey. Harbor seals hauling‐out in the Dutch Wadden Sea fed predominantly on demersal fish, for example, flatfish species (flounder, sole, plaice, dab), but also on sandeel, cod, and whiting. Although harbor seals acquire the majority of prey further offshore in the adjacent North Sea, and only spend 14% of their diving time in the Wadden Sea, seal predation was still estimated to cause an average annual mortality of 43% of the remaining fish in the Wadden Sea and 60% in the nearby shallow coastal waters (<20 m). There were however large sources of uncertainty in the estimated impact of seals on fish, including the migration of fish between the North Sea and Wadden Sea, and catchability estimates of the fish survey sampling gear, particularly for sandeel and other pelagic fish species. Our estimate suggested a considerable top‐down pressure by harbor seals on demersal fish. However, predation by seals may also alleviate density‐dependent competition between the remaining fish, allowing for increased fish growth, and partly compensating for the reduction in fish numbers. This study shows that recovering coastal marine mammal populations could become an important component in the functioning of shallow coastal ecosystems.
Differential deployment of sanctioning mechanisms by male and female host trees in a gynodioecious fig–wasp mutualism
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Wei , Dunn Derek W. , Wen Xiao‐Lan , Sun Bao‐Fa , Wang Rui‐Wu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn some insect nursery pollination mutualisms, plant hosts impose net costs to uncooperative “cheater” symbionts. These “sanctions” promote mutualism stability but their precise adaptive nature remains unclear. In fig–wasp mutualisms host trees (Ficus spp.) are only pollinated by female agaonid wasps whose larvae only use galled fig flowers as food. In actively pollinated systems, if wasps fail to pollinate, sanctions can result via fig abortion, killing all wasp offspring, or by increased offspring mortality within un‐aborted figs. These sanctions result from selective investment to pollinated inflorescences, a mechanism present in almost all angiosperms. To more fully understand how selective investment functions as sanctions requires the measurement of variation in their costs and benefits to both hosts and symbionts. Gynodioecious fig‐tree–fig‐wasp mutualisms are particularly suitable for this because pollen and wasps are produced only in the figs of “male” trees and seeds only in the figs of “female” trees. Male and female trees thus incur different net costs of pollen absence, and costs of sanctions to pollen‐free “cheater” wasps only occur in male trees. We used the actively pollinated host tree Ficus hispida and introduced into male and female figs either 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 all pollen‐laden “cooperative” (P+) or all pollen‐free “cheater” (P−) wasps. Abortion in both male and female trees was highest in P− figs, with P− fig abortion higher in females (~90%) than in males (~40%). Fig abortion was negatively associated with foundress number mainly in P+ figs; in P− figs abortion was only weakly associated with the number of “cheater” wasps, especially in female figs. In un‐aborted male figs, wasp offspring mortality was higher in P− figs than in P+ figs, and in P− figs correlated positively with foundress (cheater) number. Increased offspring mortality was biased against female wasp offspring and likely resulted from reduced larval nutrition in unpollinated flowers. Variation in selective investment to P− figs thus reflects costs and benefits of pollen absence/presence to hosts, variation that translates directly to net costs to cheater wasps.
Jumping translocations: Short telomeres or pathogenic TP53 variants as underlying mechanism in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome?
Authors: Behrens Yvonne Lisa , Thomay Kathrin , Hagedorn Maike , Ebersold Juliane , Schmidt Gunnar , Lentes Jana , Davenport Claudia , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Göhring Gudrun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChromosomal rearrangements involving one donor chromosome and two or more recipient chromosomes are called jumping translocations. To date only few cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with jumping translocations have been described and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we analyzed 11 AML and 5 MDS cases with jumping translocations. The cases were analyzed by karyotyping, FISH, telomere length measurement, and next‐generation sequencing with an AML/MDS gene panel. Cases with jumping translocations showed significantly (P < .01) shorter telomeres in comparison to healthy age‐matched controls. Additional neo‐telomeres were found in two cases. In total, eight cases showed recipient chromosomes with a breakpoint in the centromeric region all of them harboring a pathogenic variant in the TP53 gene (n = 6) and/or a loss of TP53 (n = 5). By contrast, no pathogenic variant or loss of TP53 was identified in the six cases showing recipient chromosomes with a breakpoint in the telomeric region. In conclusion, our results divide the cohort of AML and MDS cases with jumping translocations into two groups: the first group with a telomeric breakpoint of the recipient chromosome is characterized by short telomeres and a possibly telomere‐based mechanism of chromosomal instability formation. The second group with a centromeric breakpoint of the recipient chromosome is defined by mutation and/or loss of TP53. We, therefore, assume that both critically short telomeres as well as pathogenic variants of TP53 influence jumping translocation formation.
Saudi women's identities on Facebook: Context collapse, judgement, and the imagined audience
Authors: Alsaggaf Rania M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs social networking sites present opportunities to construct identities, they also present challenges. This article explores women's experiences with Facebook in the Saudi context by looking at how their self‐presentation strategies and audience management might constitute a unique use of Facebook. The study utilises a mix of qualitative methods of research and extends Goffman's dramaturgical approach to consider more complex settings wherein the self is monitored and regulated, contexts “collapse,” the self is judged, and judgement by others is imagined. The findings reveal that different aspects of women's identities are constructed, gendered, and tightly managed as they address multiple audiences, with networks being formed in a way that has relatively narrowly defined boundaries.
Subventricular zone neural precursor cell responses after traumatic brain injury and binge alcohol in male rats
Authors: Ton Son T. , Tsai Shih‐Yen , Vaagenes Ian C. , Glavin Kelly , Wu Joanna , Hsu Jonathan , Flink Hannah M. , Nockels Daniel , O’Brien Timothy E. , Kartje Gwendolyn L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability worldwide. Additionally, many TBI patients are intoxicated with alcohol at the time of injury, but the impact of acute intoxication on recovery from brain injury is not well understood. We have previously found that binge alcohol prior to TBI impairs spontaneous functional sensorimotor recovery. However, whether alcohol administration in this setting affects reactive neurogenesis after TBI is not known. This study, therefore, sought to determine the short‐ and long‐term effects of pre‐TBI binge alcohol on neural precursor cell responses in the subventricular zone (SVZ) following brain injury in male rats. We found that TBI alone significantly increased proliferation in the SVZ as early as 24 hr after injury. Surprisingly, binge alcohol alone also significantly increased proliferation in the SVZ after 24 hr. However, a combined binge alcohol and TBI regimen resulted in decreased TBI‐induced proliferation in the SVZ at 24 hr and 1 week post‐TBI. Furthermore, at 6 weeks after TBI, binge alcohol administered at the time of TBI significantly decreased the TBI‐induced neuroblast response in the SVZ and the rostral migratory stream (RMS). The results from this study suggest that pre‐TBI binge alcohol negatively impacts reparative processes in the brain by decreasing short‐term neural precursor cell proliferative responses as well as long‐term neuroblasts in the SVZ and RMS.
Chronic opioid use in patients undergoing treatment for oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Silver Natalie , Dourado Justin , Hitchcock Kathryn , Fullerton Amy , Fredenburg Kristianna , Dziegielewski Peter , Danan Deepa , Tighe Patrick , Morris Chris , Amdur Robert , Mendenhall William , Fillingim Roger B. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives/HypothesisHead and neck cancer pain is a prevalent problem, and the current opioid crisis has highlighted concerns raised in chronic pain management. This study assessed the characteristics of opioid use in patients undergoing treatment for oropharynx cancer and identified risk factors associated with chronic opioid use.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA study was conducted of 198 eligible patients who underwent radiotherapy as part of their treatment for oropharynx cancer at a single institution from 2012 to 2017. p16/human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by pathology report review. Opioid use was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to assess risk factors for chronic opioid use and effect on overall survival.ResultsThe average age was 62 years, and the mean follow‐up was 38 months. Eighty‐three percent of patients had stage III/IV disease, and 73% received chemoradiotherapy. Sixty‐nine percent were HPV/p16 positive. Fifty‐seven (29%) patients had preexisting chronic pain conditions. Chronic opioid use was observed in 53% of the patients. Age ≤ 62 years (P < .0001), history of depression (P = .0356), p16 negative status (P = .0097), opioid use at pretreatment visit (P = .0021), and presence of a preexisting chronic pain condition at time of diagnosis (P = .0181) were associated with chronic opioid use using univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, T stage and anxiety/depression were associated with chronic opioid use. Overall survival was worse for patients who had chronic opioid use, but was not significant when recurrence was taken into consideration.ConclusionsMore than 50% of the patients treated for oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma in this cohort were chronic opioid users after treatment. Identifying patients at greatest risk for chronic opioid use prior to treatment may help with long‐term pain management in this patient population.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:2087–2093, 2019