bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of the Accuracy of Estimated and Measured Resting Metabolic Rate in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Farkas Gary J. , Pitot Marika A. , Gater David R. 
Published: April 2019

The objective of this systematic review was to examine resting metabolic rate (RMR) measured through indirect calorimetry in adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and to evaluate the predication equations used for the estimation of RMR in this population. The authors additionally aimed to review the impact of sex and level of injury on RMR. A MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science search was performed for studies published from the database inception to January 2018, identifying 326 articles. On the basis of the inclusion criteria, 22 studies remained for review. All articles that were identified were full-text, English language articles examining adults with chronic SCI who were fasted for a minimum of 8 hr before undergoing RMR through indirect calorimetry for at least 20 min. The measured RMR ranged from 1,256.0 to 1,854.0 kcal/day, whereas the estimated RMR ranged from 1,276.8 to 1,808.0 kcal/day in the chronic SCI population. Seven studies overestimated RMR from 4% to 15%, whereas two studies underestimated RMR from 2% to 17% using prediction equations established for the able-bodied population. Two studies produced SCI-specific equations to estimate RMR. With regard to sex and level of injury, RMR does not differ between individuals with tetraplegia and paraplegia, whereas sex-based differences remain inconclusive, given limited results. These data provide evidence for the use of indirect calorimetry to assess RMR and the need to validate SCI-specific prediction equations in the estimation of RMR.
Hepcidin as a Prospective Individualized Biomarker for Individuals at Risk of Low Energy Availability
Authors: Badenhorst Claire E. , Black Katherine E. , O’Brien Wendy J. 
Published: April 2019

Hepcidin, a peptide hormone with an acknowledged evolutionary function in iron homeostasis, was discovered at the turn of the 21st century. Since then, the implications of increased hepcidin activity have been investigated as a potential advocate for the increased risk of iron deficiency in various health settings. Such implications are particularly relevant in the sporting community where peaks in hepcidin postexercise (∼3–6 hr) are suggested to reduce iron absorption and recycling, and contribute to the development of exercise-induced iron deficiency in athletes. Over the last decade, hepcidin research in sport has focused on acute and chronic hepcidin activity following single and repeated training blocks. This research has led to investigations examining possible methods to attenuate postexercise hepcidin expression through dietary interventions. The majority of macronutrient dietary interventions have focused on manipulating the carbohydrate content of the diet in an attempt to determine the health of athletes adopting the low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diets, a practice that is a growing trend among endurance athletes. During the process of these macronutrient dietary intervention studies, an observable coincidence of increased cumulative hepcidin activity to low energy availability has emerged. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the existing literature on nutritional interventions on hepcidin activity, thus, highlighting the link of hepcidin to energy availability, while also making a case for the use of hepcidin as an individualized biomarker for low energy availability in males and females.
Reproducibility of Acute Steroid Hormone Responses in Men to Short-Duration Running
Authors: Leal Diogo V. , Taylor Lee , Hough John 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:Progressively overloading the body to improve physical performance may lead to detrimental states of overreaching/overtraining syndrome. Blunted cycling-induced cortisol and testosterone concentrations have been suggested to indicate overreaching after intensified training periods. However, a running-based protocol is yet to be developed or demonstrated as reproducible. This study developed two 30-min running protocols, (1) 50/70 (based on individualized physical capacity) and (2) RPETP(self-paced), and measured the reproducibility of plasma cortisol and testosterone responses.Methods:Thirteen recreationally active, healthy men completed each protocol (50/70 and RPETP) on 3 occasions. Venous blood was drawn preexercise, postexercise, and 30 min postexercise.Results:Cortisol was unaffected (bothP > .05; 50/70,  = .090; RPETP,  = .252), while testosterone was elevated (bothP < .05; 50/70, 35%,  = .714; RPETP, 42%,  = .892) with low intraindividual coefficients of variation (CVi) as mean (SD) (50/70, 7% [5%]; RPETP, 12% [9%]). Heart rate (50/70, effect size [ES] = 0.39; RPETP, ES = −0.03), speed (RPETP, ES = −0.09), and rating of perceived exertion (50/70 ES = −0.06) were unchanged across trials (all CVi < 5%,P < .05). RPETPshowed greater physiological strain (P < .01).Conclusions:Both tests elicited reproducible physiological and testosterone responses, but RPETPinduced greater testosterone changes (likely due to increased physiological strain) and could therefore be considered a more sensitive tool to potentially detect overtraining syndrome. Advantageously for the practitioner, RPETPdoes not require a priori exercise-intensity determination, unlike the 50/70, enhancing its integration into practice.
Ability of Isokinetic Dynamometer to Predict Isotonic Knee Extension 1-Repetition Maximum
Authors: Lesnak Joseph B. , Anderson Dillon T. , Farmer Brooke E. , Katsavelis Dimitrios , Grindstaff Terry L. 
Published: April 2019

Context: Resistance training exercise prescription is often based on exercises performed at a percentage of a 1-repetition maximum (1RM). Following knee injury, there is no consensus when a patient can safely perform 1RM testing. Resistance training programs require the use of higher loads, and loads used in knee injury rehabilitation may be too low to elicit gains in strength and power. A maximum isometric contraction can safely be performed during early stages of knee rehabilitation and has potential to predict an isotonic knee extension 1RM. Objective: To determine whether a 1RM on an isotonic knee extension machine can be predicted from isometric peak torque measurements. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: A total of 20 (12 males and 8 females) healthy, physically active adults. Main Outcome Measures: An isokinetic dynamometer was used to determine isometric peak torque (in N·m). 1RM testing was performed on a knee extension machine. Linear regression was used to develop a prediction equation, and Bland–Altman plots with limits of agreement calculations were used to validate the equation. Results: There was a significant correlation (P < .001, r = .926) between peak torque (283.0 [22.6] N·m) and the knee extension 1RM (69.1 [22.6] kg). The prediction equation overestimated the loads (2.3 [9.1] kg; 95% confidence interval, −15.6 to 20.1 kg). Conclusions: The results show that isometric peak torque values obtained on an isokinetic dynamometer can be used to estimate 1RM values for isotonic knee extension. Although the prediction equation tends to overestimate loads, the relatively wide confidence intervals indicate that results should be viewed with caution.
Minimally invasive surfactant therapy failure: risk factors and outcome
Authors: Janssen Lobke CE , Van Der Spil Jooske , van Kaam Anton H , Dieleman Jeanne P , Andriessen Peter , Onland Wes , Niemarkt Hendrik J 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate incidence of minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) failure, identify risk factors and assess the impact of MIST failure on neonatal outcome.DesignRetrospective cohort study. MIST failure was defined as need for early mechanical ventilation (<72 hours of life). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for MIST failure and compare outcomes between groups.SettingTwo tertiary neonatal intensive care centres in the Netherlands.PatientsInfants born between 24 weeks’ and 31 weeks’ gestational age (GA) (n=185) with MIST for respiratory distress syndrome.InterventionsMIST procedure with poractant alfa (100–200 mg/kg).Main outcome measuresContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) failure after MIST in the first 72 hours of life.Results30% of the infants failed CPAP after MIST. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, four risk factors were independently associated with failure: GA <28 weeks, C reactive protein ≥10 mg/L, absence of antenatal corticosteroids and lower surfactant dose. Infants receiving 200 mg/kg surfactant had a failure rate of 14% versus 35% with surfactant dose <200 mg/kg. Mean body temperature was 0.4°C lower at neonatal intensive care unit admission and before the procedure in infants with MIST failure.Furthermore, MIST failure was independently associated with an increased risk of severe intraventricular haemorrhage.ConclusionWe observed moderate MIST failure rates in concordance with the results of earlier studies. Absence of corticosteroids and lower surfactant dose are risk factors for MIST failure that may be modifiable in order to improve MIST success and patient outcome.
Cross-sectional study of HPV testing in self-sampled urine and comparison with matched vaginal and cervical samples in women attending colposcopy for the management of abnormal cervical screening
Authors: Sargent Alex , Fletcher Samantha , Bray Katarina , Kitchener Henry C , Crosbie Emma J 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) testing in cervical screening offers the potential for self-sampling to improve uptake among non-attenders. High-risk (HR) HPV detection in urine shows promise, but few studies have examined its sensitivity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) detection compared with standard cervical samples. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to optimise conditions for urine testing for HPV detection; to determine concordance for HR-HPV detection in matched urine, vaginal and cervical samples; to compare the sensitivity of HR-HPV testing for the detection of CIN2+ in matched samples; and to determine the acceptability of urine testing for cervical screening.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSecondary care colposcopy clinic in North West England.ParticipantsWomen aged 25 years of age or older, attending colposcopy clinic for management of abnormal cervical screening results or a suspicious-looking cervix. In total, 104 women took part in the study. Triple matched samples were available for 79 and 66 women using Abbott RealTime(ART) and Roche Cobas 4800 (RC), respectively.InterventionSelf-collected urine and vaginal samples and practitioner-obtained cervical samples were tested for HR-HPV by ART and RC assays, including comparison of neat and preservative-fixed urine. Colposcopic opinion was recorded and directed cervical biopsies taken if clinically indicated. The acceptability of self-testing was evaluated by questionnaire.Primary outcome measureThe sensitivity of urine to detect underlying CIN2+.Secondary outcome measuresThe comparative sensitivity of vaginal and cervical samples to detect CIN2+; the acceptability of urine sampling.ResultsPreservative-fixed, but not neat urine, showed good concordance with vaginal samples for the detection of HR-HPV. The sensitivity for detecting CIN2+ was 15/18 (83%) for urine and 16/18 (89%) for cervical and vaginal samples by ART, and 15/17 (88%) for all samples by RC. Urine-based testing was broadly acceptable to women.ConclusionsUrinary HR-HPV detection offers an alternative strategy of cervical screening. Larger studies to determine its clinical utility are warranted.
High frequency optical coherence tomography assessment of homogenous neck coverage by intrasaccular devices predicts successful aneurysm occlusion
Authors: King Robert M , Marosfoi Miklos , Caroff Jildaz , Ughi Giovanni J , Groth Dale M , Gounis Matthew J , Puri Ajit S 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundHigh frequency optical coherence tomography (HF-OCT) is a novel intravascular imaging technology developed for use in the cerebral vasculature. We hypothesize that HF-OCT characterization of intrasaccular device neck coverage can prognosticate exclusion of the aneurysm from the circulation.MethodsBifurcation and sidewall aneurysms were made in six dogs. Seven aneurysms were treated with next generation intrasaccular devices (NGID) and four with traditional platinum coils. HF-OCT was performed to interrogate gaps in the neck coverage, coil herniation, or acute thrombus formation. Animals were re-imaged at 7, 30, 90, and 180 days following aneurysm embolization. An automated image processing method segmented the devices at the neck of the aneurysm and quantified neck coverage. The largest coverage gap was used to predict aneurysm occlusion at 180 days.ResultsNo difference was found in occlusion rates between the coil and NGID groups (P=0.45). Successful segmentation of the NGID construct was achieved in all cases. A coverage gap >1 mm2was found to predict failed aneurysm occlusion (P=0.047). This threshold was able to predict all cases of failed occlusion. The average number of devices needed to treat the aneurysm was lower in the NGID group (1.9 vs 6.75, P=0.009). HF-OCT showed strong agreement with scanning electron microscopy (bias 0.0024 mm2(95% CI −0.0279, 0.0327)).ConclusionsHF-OCT enables precise and accurate measurement of coverage gaps at the neck of aneurysms treated with intrasaccular devices in vivo. We provide in vivo evidence that uniform aneurysm neck coverage by intrasaccular devices is critical for aneurysm occlusion.
Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Nelipepimut-S Vaccine to Prevent Breast Cancer Recurrence: A Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Clinical Trial
Authors: Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Lu Biao , Melisko Michelle , Price Hiller Julie , Bondarenko Igor , Brunt Adrian Murray , Sergii Grybach , Petrakova Katarina , Peoples George E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
In phase I/II studies, nelipepimut-S (NP-S) plus GM-CSF vaccine was well tolerated and effectively raised HER2-specific immunity in patients with breast cancer. Results from a prespecified interim analysis of a phase III trial assessing NP-S + GM-CSF are reported.

Patients and Methods:
This multicenter, randomized, double-blind phase III study enrolled females ≥18 years with T1–T3, HER2 low–expressing (IHC 1+/2+), node-positive breast cancer in the adjuvant setting. Patients received 1,000 μg NP-S + 250 μg GM-CSF or placebo + GM-CSF monthly for 6 months, then every 6 months through 36 months. The primary objective was disease-free survival (DFS). Protocol-specified imaging occurred annually. New abnormalities were categorized as recurrence events; biopsy confirmation was not mandated. The interim analysis was conducted as specified in the protocol after 73 DFS events.

Results:
A total of 758 patients (mean age 51.8 years) were randomized. Adverse events were similar between groups; most common were injection-associated: erythema (84.3%), induration (55.8%), and pruritus (54.9%). There was no significant between-arms difference in DFS events at interim analysis at median follow-up (16.8 months). In the NP-S arm, imaging detected 54.1% of recurrence events in asymptomatic patients versus 29.2% in the placebo arm (P = 0.069).

Conclusions:
NP-S was well tolerated. There was no significant difference in DFS events between NP-S and placebo. Use of mandated annual scans and image-detected recurrence events hastened the interim analysis contributing to early trial termination.
Hyperphosphorylation of CDH1 in Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells Attenuates APC/CCDH1 Activity and Pharmacologic Inhibition of APC/CCDH1/CDC20 Compromises Viability
Authors: De Kuntal , Grubb Treg M. , Zalenski Abigail A. , Pfaff Kayla E. , Pal Debjani , Majumder Shubhra , Summers Matthew K. , Venere Monica 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor and remains incurable. This is in part due to the cellular heterogeneity within these tumors, which includes a subpopulation of treatment-resistant cells called cancer stem–like cells (CSC). We previously identified that the anaphase-promoting complex/cylosome (APC/C), a key cell-cycle regulator and tumor suppressor, had attenuated ligase activity in CSCs. Here, we assessed the mechanism of reduced activity, as well as the efficacy of pharmacologically targeting the APC/C in CSCs. We identified hyperphosphorylation of CDH1, but not pseudosubstrate inhibition by early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1), as a major mechanism driving attenuated APC/CCDH1 activity in the G1-phase of the cell cycle in CSCs. Small-molecule inhibition of the APC/C reduced viability of both CSCs and nonstem tumor cells (NSTCs), with the combination of proTAME and apcin having the biggest impact. Combinatorial drug treatment also led to the greatest mitotic arrest and chromosomal abnormalities.

Implications:
Our findings demonstrate how the activity of the APC/CCDH1 tumor suppressor is reduced in CSCs and also validates small-molecule inhibition of the APC/C as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of GBM.
A new species of Scirtes (Coleoptera: Scirtidae) from southern Florida and the Caribbean
Authors: EPLER J. H. 
Published: April 2019

A new species, Scirtes goliai Epler, is described from southern Florida, the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands. It is distinguished by its small size, oblong habitus, brown coloration, laminate prosternum and distinctive genitalia. The species appears to be associated with mangroves.
Revision of the Amphibolips species of Mexico excluding the "niger complex" Kinsey (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with description of seven new species
Authors: NIEVES-ALDREY JOSÉ LUIS , PASCUAL E. , MALDONADO-LOPEZ Y. , MEDIANERO E. , OYAMA K. 
Published: April 2019

The species of Amphibolips Reinhard 1865 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) of Mexico not included in the “niger complex” Kinsey 1937 are revised. The “nassa complex” recently created by Melika et al. (2011) for these species is questioned. As a result of faunistic surveys of oak gall wasps in Mexico, seven new species of Amphibolips are described: Amphibolips durangensis Nieves-Aldrey & Maldonado, A. malinche Nieves-Aldrey & Pascual, A. jaliscensis Nieves-Aldrey & Pascual, A. oaxacae Nieves-Aldrey & Pascual, A. nevadensis Nieves-Aldrey & Pascual, A. tarasco Nieves-Aldrey & Pascual and A. michoacaensis Nieves-Aldrey & Maldonado. The types of A. dampfi Kinsey 1937, A. nebris Kinsey 1937 and A. fusus Kinsey 1937 are revised, redescribed and compared with the new species described herein. A new key for the identification of adults of all species not included in the “niger complex” from Mexico, including the related species A. castroviejoi Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey and A. aliciae Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey from Panama, is presented. Diagnostic characters, distribution data, host plants and species biology are provided for of all of the studied species. The richness and distribution of Amphibolips in Mexico and the Neotropical region, their known biological data, and the taxonomic limits of this genus are also discussed.
Serum concentration and vascular expression of adiponectin are differentially associated with the diabetic calcifying peripheral arteriopathy
Authors: Aubert Carole E. , Liabeuf Sophie , Amouyal Chloé , Kemel Salim , Lajat-Kiss Frédérique , Lacorte Jean-Marc , Halbron Marine , Carlier Aurélie , Salem Joe-Elie , Funck-Brentano Christian , Perisic Matic Ljubica , Witasp Anna , Stenvinkel Peter , Phan Franck , Massy Ziad A. , Hartemann Agnès , Bourron Olivier 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Medial calcification in diabetes contributes to the arterial occlusive process occurring below the knee level. Adiponectin is an adipokine with atheroprotective properties and possible protective role against arterial calcification. The aim of the study was to investigate, in type 2 diabetes, the link between vascular expression and serum concentration of adiponectin and (1) peripheral arterial calcification and (2) lower limb occlusive arterial disease.

Methods
Scoring of peripheral vascular calcification and peripheral arterial occlusive disease, using CT-scan and color-duplex ultrasonography respectively, were conducted and explored in relation to serum adiponectin level in a cross sectional study of 197 patients with type 2 diabetes. Vascular adiponectin expression in the arterial wall of diabetic patients with and without medial calcification was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Peripheral arterial calcification score was higher in patients with the highest adiponectin concentration. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, an increase of 1 µg/mL of adiponectin was associated with a 22% increase of arterial calcification (adjusted OR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.03–1.44; p = 0.02). Arterial occlusive score was also higher in patients with adiponectin concentration > median (2.8 ± 4.8 vs 4.2 ± 5.7, p = 0.034). Immunohistochemical analyses showed a strong and specific staining of adiponectin in smooth muscle cells in calcified arteries, with a more pronounced expression of adiponectin in early stages of medial calcification.

Conclusions
Peripheral arterial calcification is positively associated with circulating adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, but vascular adiponectin expression is already observed at early stages of calcification. Adiponectin secretion could be a compensatory mechanism against the calcification process.
Trial registration DIACART NCT number: NCT02431234. Registered 30 April 2015
Essex-Lopresti injuries: an update
Authors: Masouros Panagiotis T. , Apergis Emmanuel P. , Babis George C. , Pernientakis Stylianos S. , Igoumenou Vasilios G. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Nikolaou Vasileios S. 
Published: April 2019

Reconstruction of the central band of the interosseous membrane is an emerging procedure implemented in the treatment of longitudinal radioulnar dissociation (LRUD), usually in its chronic setting, after Essex-Lopresti injuries of the forearm. There are no sufficient clinical data to support reconstruction of the central band of the interosseous membrane in acute LRUD injuries. Clinical and cadaveric studies comparing autografts (palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis and bone-patellar-bone), allografts (Achilles tendon) and synthetic ligaments have not shown superiority of one technique versus another; however, they have shown special concerns with respect to the use of synthetic grafts. Latrogenic fracture, decrease of rotational range of movement, iatrogenic nerve injury (superficial radial and median nerve), donor site morbidity with autografts and recurrent instability are the complications reported in literature after interosseous membrane reconstruction. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:143-150. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180072