bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of the effect of electron beam melting on the distribution of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon in silicon
Authors: Noor ul Huda Khan Asghar H M , Shifa Muhammad Shahzad , Gilani Zaheer Abbas , Ali Adnan , Mahmood Khalid , ur Rehman Jalil , Usmani Muhammad Nuaman , Wang Peng , Qin Shuang Shi Shiqiang , Jiang Dachuan , Tan Yi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElectron beam melting was utilized to investigate the behavior of carbon flow by melting 100 g of multi-crystalline silicon in an electron beam furnace for five minutes. Carbon and nitrogen are the constituent impurities in contaminated Si samples with an average weight of 13 % and 9, respectively. The electron beam melting experiment caused redistribution of the impurities along the periphery and bottom of the Si sample with a pie-shaped structure. Investigations through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that the impurities were silicon nitride and silicon carbide. It was determined that Si3N4 has a rod-shaped microstructure, whereas SiC has a granular morphology. By segregating the impurities redistributed through this technique, pure Si was obtained in the remaining sample.
Deposition of fine copper film on samples placed internally and externally to the cathodic cage
Authors: Fernandes Fernanda M. , RochaFilho Edglay A. , Souza Ivan A. , Nascimento Igor O. , de Sousa Rômulo R. M. , Almeida Edalmy O. , Feitor Michelle C. , Costa Thércio H. C. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The cathodic cage plasma nitriding technique is used for thin film deposition. As such, the hollow cathode effect on cage holes is directly related to deposition efficiency. The objective of this work is to study the influence of the cathode length-to-diameter ratio in the deposition of fine copper films on samples placed internally and externally to the cathodic cage, in an argon atmosphere, for 3 h at 420 °C. Compositional, transmittance and morphological characterization of films show copper deposition in all treatments. However, it was observed that substrate temperatures during film deposition influence its morphology. As such, the formation of continuous film on internal samples is observed, whereas external samples show uniformally dispersed nanoparticles as well as the absence of dense film on substrates. As far as the length-to-diameter ratio is concerned, the 1.5 ratio presented the highest deposition efficiency.
Synthesis and performance of Al3+-doped cathode materials 0.6Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 · 0.4Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co(1/3-y)Al
y
]O2 by high temperature solid-state method
Authors: Zhang Aili , Li Axiang , Tong Shuai , Yv Lina , Yang Xinran , Dai Shihang , Shao Zhongcai 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
0.6Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 · 0.4Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co(1/3-y)Al
y
]O2 (y = 0, 0.03, 0.08, 0.13) was prepared by a high-temperature solid-state method as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to assess the structure and morphology of the samples. Electrochemical performance testing, AC impedance testing, and cyclic voltammetry testing were performed to study various aspects of the cathode materials. The results showed that the addition of Al3+ had little effect on the charge–discharge performance, but the cycling performance and stability of the material were significantly enhanced. When the doping fraction of Al3+ was 0.08, the cathode material 0.6Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 · 0.4Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co(19/75) Al0.08]O2 had good electrochemical performance. The first discharge specific capacity reached 161.1 mAh · g−1 in the charge and discharge test at 0.1 C rate. After 20 cycles, the discharge capacity was still 159.7 mAh · g−1. The charge–discharge specific capacity had almost no attenuation.
Effects of Cr and Zn on the interfacial microstructures of borides in Fe–Cr–B cast steels during hot-dipping in Al–Zn alloys
Authors: Zhang Xianman , Chen Weiping , Luo Hongfeng , Li Shuang , Zhou Teng 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The interfacial microstructures of borides in Fe–Cr–B cast steels with different Cr contents after hot dipping in Al–Zn alloys were investigated. The results showed: the Cr contained in Fe–Cr–B cast steel had a key influence on the formation of periodic layered structures (PLSs) between Cr-rich borides, which were (Cr,Fe)2B, and Al–Zn melt. The contents of Zn in the Al–Zn melts also significantly influenced the formation of periodic layered structures, which depended on the complex relationship between the content of Cr contained in Fe–Cr–B cast steel and that of Zn in Al–Zn melt. Within a certain range, the higher the content of Cr is, the larger the maximum value of Zn in Al–Zn melt that could form PLS at the (Cr,Fe)2B/Al–Zn interface could be.
Static recrystallization characteristics and kinetics of high-silicon steels for direct quenching and partitioning
Authors: Somani Mahesh C. , Porter David A. , Karjalainen L. Pentti , Kantanen Pekka K. , Kömi Jukka I. , Misra Devesh K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the direct quenching and partitioning (DQ&P) process, tough ultra-high-strength steel is made by combining thermomechanical processing with quenching and partitioning to obtain martensite toughened by thin films of retained austenite. The hot rolling stage with deformation and recrystallization between the rolling passes affects the state of the austenite before quenching and partitioning. This paper describes the static recrystallization kinetics of two steels with compositions suited to DQ&P processing, viz. (in wt.%) 0.3C-1Si-2Mn-1Cr and 0.25C-1.5Si-3Mn. The stress relaxation technique on a Gleeble thermomechanical simulator provided recrystallization times over a wide range of temperature, strain, strain rate and initial grain size. The higher levels of Si and Mn made the recrystallization kinetics less sensitive to strain, strain rate and temperature. The equations derived to describe the recrystallization kinetics can be used in the design of the rough rolling part of thermomechanical processing.
Percursos de um grupo de pesquisa na área de formação docente: o GEPED diante do desafio de formar professores e pesquisadores
Authors: Da Cruz Giseli Barreto , Batalha Cecilia Silvana , Oliveira Fernanda Lahtermaher , Campelo Talita da Silva 
Published: January 2019

O artigo apresenta o trabalho desenvolvido pelo Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Didática e Formação de Professores (GEPED), desde sua criação (2009) até o presente momento (2018). O GEPED realiza pesquisas que têm como foco pedagogia, didática, formação e trabalho docente. Compreende-se que a conformação do grupo (professores da educação básica e do ensino superior, mestrandos e doutorandos) tem revelado um duplo papel formativo, pois possibilita a formação de professores e de pesquisadores, a partir da premissa do trabalho colaborativo e entre pares. Pretende-se compartilhar o percurso do grupo através da abordagem de quatro eixos: i – práticas de formação e de pesquisa; ii – marcações teóricas na interseção entre didática e formação de professores; iii – pesquisas desenvolvidas; iv – próximos passos: pesquisa-formação como estratégia de indução profissional docente.
Burn Hand, Outcome Analysis and Therapeutic Aspects of Burn Treated in Albania.
Authors: Zikaj Gentian , Belba Gjergji , Xhepa Gezim 
Published: January 2019

Background: Even that the entire hand represents 4 percent of the TBSA, The American Burn Association, the Advanced Trauma Life Support, and the Advanced Burn Life Support curricula all recognize the severity of hand burns by classifying these as injuries requiring treatment at a burn qualified center. Hand burns occur commonly both as part of larger burn injuries as well as isolated injuries. Due to damage to the skin and other parts of the hand, burns can lead to open wounds, disability, severe emotional and psychological complications, and economic burden. To further improve the effects of preventive measures, studies are needed to investigate the epidemiology, etiology, and outcomes of burn hand patient population.
Aim: To give an overview of epidemiologic features and outcome of burn hand patients who admitted in our Service. This current study was performed in University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa” Tirana which is the only tertiary hospital in Albania.
Material and methods: In this retrospective study were included all patients who had combustion of the hands solely or hands accompanied with burns to other areas of the body, treated and followed up at our Service during the years 2011-2016.
Results: Of the 333 included burn patients, 64% were males.The median age of women is 21.8 years, of men is 27.5 years and the median age total patients’ population is 25.9 years. About half of patients belong to the age group 20-60 years (49.5%) and only 10.2% belong to the age above 60 years. In most of the cases (73.6%), the burn of hands is associated with burn of the other anatomical region, mostly forearm.
Conclusion: The goal of wound management is to have the skin healed by post-burn in two weeks’ time. In many cases, this will occur nonoperatively with good wound care. The surgical treatment is used for less 30% than of patients.Surgical excision of the burn with split-thickness skin grafting should be undertaken as soon as it becomes obvious that wound healing will not be complete by post-burn day 14.The undesirable results of theburn of hands are presented in the 33% of the patients. The contractures were the main unfavorable outcome of the burned hand.
Posttraumatic Pleural Empiema (PtPE) and Multidetector CT (Mdct) Findings.
Authors: Demko Vidi , Mehmeti Eni , Bulku Besmir 
Published: January 2019

Background: PTPE is a significant complication and te main cause for 2–10% of victims. MDCT is increasingly used. Our study is an analysis focused on the anatomy of pleura, principles behind fluid formation/reabsorption and imaging approach to assessing pleural effusion and PTPE under-CT evacuation.
Material and methods: The study is conducted on eight (8) patients with PTPE at University Hospital of Trauma, University Hospital– “Mother Theresa”, University Hospital “ Shefqet Ndroqi” in Tirana, during the period, January 2015 – June 2018, by using a MDCT of 128 slice – 64 detector – dual source, SIEMENS, German machine.
Results and conclusions: The frequency of post-traumatic pleural injuries with presence of Hydrothorax is 75.6 % in total; second after that of Chest wall injuries (94.2 %). Among the variable forms are reported Hemothorax – 17.4 % and Pneumothorax – 7.3 %. Empyema is rare – 2 %. MDCT is the most sensitive, specific, and accurate imaging modality in the assessment of PTPE and management of patients:

demonstrates the significant disorder in patients with normal initial radiographs,
indicates changing of management in up to 20% of cases with abnormal initial radiographs,
assists several micro-invasive procedures in order to prevents development of empyema,
enables early prediction of respiratory compromise and limits the severe invasive interventions.
Surgical approach on Reccurent Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma with Involvement of Surrounding Organs
Authors: Selmani Rexhep , Karadzov Zoran , Begovic Goran , Rushiti Qemal , Vrgovic Nenad , Gogovski Dejan , Domazetovski Darko 
Published: January 2019

Background: Retroperitoneal sarcomas are neoplasm that are only 0,3-3% of all solid tumors. Liposarcomas is most freguent soft tissue sarcomas in adults. Symptoms would only be detected if the liposarcoma presses on the surrounding organs.
Case presentation: A 58-year-old woman presented with complaint of progressive abdominal distension, loss of appetite, malaise, constipation and weight loss of about 7 kg. Abdominal CT scanning showed the presence of a retroperitoneal tumor that occupies almost the entire right part of abdominal cavity. 16 months earlier, the patient was operated in another surgical facility due to liposarcom, derived from retroperitoneum (Histopathological finding: Poorly differentiated (G3) liposarcoma pleomorphic cell type). The patient was operated under the diagnosis of retroperitoneal liposarcoma.
Conclusions: Treatment of choice is radical surgical procedure including elimination of all the structures and organs involved by the tumour process - RO resection as a basic principle of surgical treatment.
Gastrointestinal Complications Following Cardiac Surgery.
Authors: Ibrahimi Alfred , Kuçi Saimir , Bejko Ervin , Llazo Stavri , Burimi Jonela , Bulku Esmerilda 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: gastrointestinal complication (GIC) following open heart surgery usually are rare but with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to see the outcome of these patients after complication, compared with a similar study found in literature. Identifying risk factors preoperatively and postoperatively in our patient’s series, for GIC.Materials and methods: Between January 2012 and December 2017 from 1990 operated cardiac patient 34 of them developed GIC, presenting gastro duodenal bleeding due to active ulcer, liver failure, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, or intestinal ischemia. We performed a retrospective analysis.Results: From all consecutive patient only 1.7 % developed GIC. Mortality rate was 55.8%, especially 100 % mortality in intestinal ischemia patient. Regarding risk factors, those were the same found in other similar study (age, atherosclerosis disease, by pass time, postoperative ARF, Low cardiac output syndrome.)Conclusion: GIC after cardiac surgery are rare but when it happens the mortality is very high not even of late diagnosis. In ages patients, diabetes, long by pass time, long hypoperfusion state. It is recommended to be alert for GIC for detection in early phase, and for reducing as much as possible morbidity and mortality.
Effects of Octreotide and Allopurinol on Liver Histology and Functions in Surgical Jaundice: An Experimental Study
Authors: Ekinci Özgür , Eren Tunç , Gapbarov Aman , Gacemer Mert , Ozkinet Tulay , Çelik Faik 
Published: January 2019

Aim: Mechanical jaundice may lead to adverse metabolic effects in surgical patients. Our aim was to investigate the effects of octreotid and allopurinol on liver histology and functions in rats with experimantally created mechanical jaundice.
Methods: The subjects were divided into five main groups. The rats in Group I (Control) received no interventions. In Group II, common bile duct ligation (CBDL) was performed. In Group III, the same ligation procedure was performed followed by the administration of octreotid. In Group IV, the rats received allopurinol following CBDL and in Group V (Sham), the common bile duct was dissected and left intact. After sacrification of each rat on the seventh postoperative day, blood samples were collected for serum hematocrit, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), amylase, and albumin measurements in addition to the histopathologic examinations of the collected tissue specimens from the liver, terminal ileum, and pancreas. According to statistical analysis, a value of p<0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: The direct bilirubin, AST and ALT levels were detected to be significantly elevated in the groups II, III and IV, in which CBDL was performed (p<0.05). While significant reductions of serum direct bilirubin, AST and ALT levels were detected in the octreotide group, these parameters were significantly elevated in the allopurinol group (p<0.05 and p<0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference of hematocrit and albumine levels among the study groups (p>0.05). Additionally, in the allopurinol group four rats were found to have increased serum amylase levels and the histopathologic evaluations of their pancreatic samples revealed findings of pancreatitis. According to the histopathologic examinations, significant alterations were detected between the control and sham groups (groups I, V) and the CBDL groups (groups II, III, IV). However, these histopathological findings revealed no significant differences within the subgroup of subjects including CBDL alone (Group II), and CBDL along with the administration of either octreotide (Group III), or allopurinol (Group IV).
Conclusion: The use of octreotide in mehanical jaundice may have protective metabolic effects. Further studies are considered necessary to be carried to support these findings.
Surgical Treatment of Radial Head Fractures: Review of Literature.
Authors: Selmani Edvin , Dogjani Agron 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this systematic review was to search for and critically appraise articles directly comparing functional outcomes and complications for fixation (ORIF) versus arthroplasty for comminuted radial head fractures (Mason type 3) in adults.
Material and methods: A comprehensive study of Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases using specific search terms and limits was conducted. Strict eligibility criteria were applied to stringently screen resultant articles. Three comparative studies were identified and reviewed.
Results: Two studies found significantly better functional scores after replacement compared with ORIF in Mason type 3 fractures. The third study found no significant differences in functional score or range of motion, but did find that grip strength was better after ORIF. Complication rates were too heterogenous for conclusion.
Conclusion: Fixation with good reduction may be attempted in unstable Mason type 3 fractures, and arthroplasty may be considered if this is not possible. Further randomised comparative trials are required to clarify the decision-making between fixation and replacement. Functional outcomes and complications were conflicting in the studies included here. Ideally, treatment decision should take into account elbow stability and degree of comminution.
Dynamics of blood immunological indicators in the period of the reproductive cycle under different technologies of keeping
Authors: Krempa N. U. 
Published: January 2019

The obtained results of search on the influence of technology and conditions of sows holding of different physiological states on immunological parameters indicate that that the content of T-lymphocytes in the blank and sows of the first half of fertility in both farms was very high and exceeded the upper limit of physiological norm by 1–3% on average. However, with the onset of the second half of fertility and lactation in sows, a decrease in its level, fluctuating within the limits of the physiological norm (49.12%–51.37%), was noted. The content of T-helper cells in sows of all physiological groups of both farms was within the limits of the physiological norm. The difference between the indicators was the highest in sows of the second half of fertility – 8%, in favor of sows from the farm of the Staryi Sambir district. In other groups of sows the T-helper's content varied from 0.12% to 1.7%, with the overwhelming majority in favor of sows from the Zolochiv district. In fact, the same percentages were the indexes of the contents of T-suppressors of blank and sows of the first half of the fertility of both farms. In the sows of the second half of fertility, the difference between the indicators of this population of lymphocytes was 3.37%, the predominantly higher rate was observed in sows from the farm of the Zolochiv district. In lactating sows, the difference in rates was significantly lower, only 0.88%, with a tendency for growth in animals from the Staryi Sambir district. An analysis of the level of humoral protection of the sow's blood of reproduction period showed, that in all physiological groups, except lactating, the content of B-lymphocytes was on average 0.38% – 0.95% higher was in sows from the farm of Zolochiv district. In lactating animals, the level of these lymphocytes was 3.75% higher in females from the economy of the Staryi Sambir district. The immunoregulatory index in almost all animal groups exceeded the upper limit of the physiological norm by 0.11%–0.48%. The exception was only sows of the second half of fertility from the farm of Zolochiv district and lactating sows from the economy of the Staryi Sambir district, where the index of IRI was at the level of the upper limit of the physiological norm, but did not exceed it. The phagocytic activity of neutrophils ranged from 38.68% to 63.05% and did not exceed the physiological norm. The index of phagocytic number in all groups of sows corresponded to physiological norms. Exceptions were sows from the economy of the Staryi Sambir district, the indicator corresponded to the value of 3.44, which is 0.56 less than the lower limit of physiological norm.
Investigation of the parameters of acute and acute toxicity of the “VetMicoDerm” liniment under the skin application
Authors: Martynyshyn V. 
Published: January 2019

The toxicity parameters of “VetMikoDerm” for one-time and long-term skin treatment were investigated. The studied liniment as an off-white substance has a thio derivative of 1,2,4-triasole. Spotted thistle oil is used as a solvent. The research of the determination of acute and low acute skin toxicity has been performed on young, healthy, healthy skin of the laboratory rats. The drug was applied in different doses to the stripped areas of the skin (area is not less than 10% of the total area of the skin). It was established that after a single application of the drug (24 hours) in a dose of less than 2000 mg/kg of body weight, the death of experimental animals or any signs of general intoxication of the body is not observed. Local reaction (redness, itching, allergy, combing) is absent. According to GHS under the assessment in this dose studying the “VetMicoDerm” drug belongs to the 5th safety category (Grade 5, not classified). During a long-lasting application of the drug (28 days), the death of the rats was not adversed, the animals had a preserved appetite, responded adequately to external stimuli, reflex excitability was completely preserved. Under hematological and biochemical studies of blood of the experimental animals, it was found that against the backdrop of insignificant increase in the number of white blood cells in their blood, the number of neutrophils increases and the percentage of lymphocytes decreases significantly. However, under the usage of the drug in the therapeutic dose (50 mg/kg body weight) the liver function has a tendency to increase. Increasing in dose (500 mg/kg) of the VetMikoDerm a 10-fold continued its application which led to an increase in serum concentrations of urea and creatinine,increasing the mass index can serve as a marker of renal decline functional condition of the body.
El amor destructor de la interdicción: una propuesta de análisis de la autotraducción en la poesía mapuche desde el giro afectivo
Authors: Stocco Melisa 
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo intenta esbozar ciertas reflexiones en torno al papel de los afectos en la práctica de la autotraducción en la poesía mapuche. Vemos en el “giro afectivo” una posibilidad de comprender la producción literaria bilingüe de autores mapuches como un proyecto ético de reapropiación lingüística y de transgresión de límites culturales originado en afectos de “pulsión genealógica” que ponen en cuestión la autoridad de la lengua del colonizador, a la vez que resultan en la generación de los llamados “afectos activos”, propios de un aumento del grado de potencia expresiva y de agenciamiento de los sujetos. Para ello trazaremos una cartografía de conceptos de distintos pensadores que han reflexionado acerca de los afectos y la lengua, desde Jacques Derrida a Gloria Anzaldúa, pasando por el ineludible Gilles Deleuze en su estudio de los afectos en la Ética de Baruch Spinoza. Asimismo, pondremos estos conceptos en diálogo con las propias reflexiones de varios autores mapuches: Liliana Ancalao, Adriana Paredes Pinda, María Teresa Panchillo, Leonel Lienlaf y Elicura Chihuailaf.