bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating ‘Transfer‐Lithiation’ from Graphite to Si within Composite Anodes during Pre‐Lithiation and Regular Charging
Authors: Frankenstein Lars , Jan Glomb Pascal , Mohrhardt Marvin , Böckmann Steffen , Focks Leon , Gomez‐Martin Aurora , Placke Tobias , Ryan Hansen Michael , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSi‐based anodes can increase specific energy and energy density of Li ion batteries. However, the volume‐induced material stress and capacity loss necessitates only a partial Si utilization within composite anodes, typically with state‐of‐the‐art graphite, so called Si/Gr composites. In this work, various Si nanowires (SiNWs), a promising Si architecture for these composites, are investigated and modified via pre‐lithiation. Though, charged pre‐lithiated anodes show potentials below 0 V vs. Li|Li+ in the initial cycles, they do not show indications for metallic Li, which is likely a hint for a triggered surface Li depletion in course of a continuous “transfer‐lithiation” from lithiated Gr to Si, which is indicated by decreasing LiC6 and increasing LixSiy signals via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) as well as shifts in capacities of respective voltage plateaus during discharge after storage. A relevant contribution of self‐discharge is unlikely as shown by a stable open‐circuit‐voltage during storage in charged state and similar subsequent discharge capacities, being consequently a hint for an intra‐electrode capacity shift. The process of transfer lithiation is finally validated via solid‐state 7Li NMR for varied Si morphology, i. e., amorphous and crystalline, as well as during pre‐lithiation with passivated lithium metal powder (PLMP).
ClearLLab 10C reagents panel can be applied to analyze paucicellular samples by flow cytometry
Authors: Kajstura Małgorzata , LaBarge Tia , Evans Andrew G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe FDA‐approved ClearLLab 10C Reagents Panel (Beckman Coulter) simplified the diagnosis of leukemias and lymphomas by flow cytometry. However, the requirement of using 3 × 106 cells/mL cannot be met for paucicellular samples. Therefore, we tested whether this 10‐color panel can be reliably employed to analyze specimens with low cell concentrations. Serial dilutions of 16 samples (5 normal, 11 abnormal), yielding concentrations ranging from 3.0 × 106 to 0.0469 × 106 cells/mL (64‐fold difference), were stained using the B‐cell and T‐cell panels of the ClearLLab 10C system, and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was measured for each antibody. For each cell dilution, the deviation from the value obtained with the FDA‐approved concentration of 3.0 × 106 cells/mL was calculated. The agreement between the highest and lowest cell concentration data was evaluated by the Bland and Altman method, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analyses, and linear regression. In all patients, the antigen expression pattern was similar at all cell concentrations tested, and the mean deviation of the MFI from the value obtained using 3.0 × 106 cells/mL never exceeded 10% for any of the antibodies. The Bland–Altman method demonstrated the similarity between results obtained with the FDA‐approved cell concentration and a 64‐fold diluted cell suspension, and a high positive correlation was found between MFI acquired under these two conditions. The tests utilizing the lowest density of cells yielded the same patterns of antigen expression in all patients as those performed with the FDA‐approved concentration, documenting a 100% concordance between these two protocols. The ClearLLab 10C panel can reliably determine the expression of markers of leukemias and lymphomas in paucicellular samples containing as little as 0.0469 × 106 cells/mL (64‐fold lower than the FDA‐approved concentration). This finding markedly expands the applicability of the ClearLLab 10C platform in a clinical setting.
A New Quantitative Neuropad for Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Yang Zheng , Zhao Subei , Lv Yuhuan , Xiang Linyu , Zhang Xiaoru , Feng Zhengping , Liu Zhiping , Li Rong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimsDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) often coexists with sudomotor dysfunction, resulting in an increased risk of diabetic foot. This study aimed to explore an efficient method for early diagnosis of DPN by establishing a quantitative Neuropad.MethodsWe recruited 518 patients with type 2 diabetes. Neuropathy Symptoms Score (NSS) combined with Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) was used to assess distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy (DSPN). The area under the ROC curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity were used to compare the diagnostic efficacy of quantitative Neuropad (the change rate of the chromatic aberration value per minute) and two types of visual Neuropad (visual Neuropad A: whether the time to complete colour change within 10 min, visual Neuropad B: the time to complete colour change) for DPN.ResultsWe did not observe very good diagnostic efficacy of Neuropad (visual Neuropad A and B: 0.59 and 0.64, quantitative Neuropad AUROC: 0.62–0.64) when using standard DSPN diagnostic criteria (NDS 6–12 or NDS 3–5 combined with NSS 5–9). When DPN was assessed by NSS + NDS ≥ 4, visual Neuropad B improved the specificity (AUROC 0.72, 67.00%, specificity 71.70%) by extending the detection time compared with visual Neuropad A (AUROC 0.62, sensitivity 81.80%, specificity 41.70%). Quantitative Neuropad significantly improved the diagnostic effect (AUROC 0.81, sensitivity 80.0%, specificity 76.3%) and reduced the detection time (4 min).ConclusionsThis study provides a new quantitative Neuropad, which has great potential to be an extremely useful diagnostic tool for early screening of sudomotor dysfunction in the clinical practice.
Forest disturbance shapes habitat selection but not migratory tendency for partially migratory ungulates
Authors: Hayes Teagan A. , Peterson Collin J. , DeCesare Nicholas J. , Bishop Chad J. , Anton Colby B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn forest management settings, disturbance resets forests to earlier successional stages, typically improving forage conditions for mule deer. Examining how forest disturbance influences mule deer behavior is important for guiding forest and wildlife management. We used GPS collar data collected between 2017 and 2019 from 136 adult female mule deer in three populations throughout western Montana, United States, to investigate how disturbance from burns (wildfire and prescribed fire) and timber harvest influenced three aspects of space‐use behaviors: (1) probability of migration from winter range to summer range, (2) home range (second‐order) selection by migrants on summer range, and (3) within‐home range (third‐order) selection. We hypothesized that deer would maximize use of disturbances during summer for nutritional benefits, predicting that deer with higher proportionate disturbance in their winter home range would be less likely to migrate away from those disturbances during summer. We predicted that migrants would select disturbances at the second and third orders. We found that proportionate disturbance in winter home ranges had no effect on the probability of migration. Among migrants, deer generally selected burns, timber harvests, and open‐canopy habitat at the second order in all study areas, with particularly strong selection for 6‐ to 15‐year‐old disturbances. At population levels, selection for disturbances ceased at the third order. At individual levels, however, third‐order selection for burns increased with availability, whereas selection for harvests decreased, suggesting burns may satisfy more resource needs than harvests. Our results emphasize how space‐use fidelity constrains mule deer habitat selection. During summer, adherence to migratory strategies constrains the habitat available for second‐order selection, preventing deer from exploiting disturbances that would otherwise be available had they remained resident in wintering areas. Second‐order selection then determines disturbance availability within home ranges, affecting third‐order behaviors. Although variance in selection behaviors among individuals was high, population‐level patterns were remarkably similar among study areas, suggesting these responses may be generalizable to mule deer throughout the northern Rocky Mountains. Forest management practices like timber harvest, prescribed burns, and wildfire management within higher elevation areas of summer range used by migrants could yield the greatest nutritional benefits for mule deer.
Identification of Floral Fragrance Components in 20 Intersectional Hybrids of Paeonia in Luoyang Region
Authors: Niu Tongfei , Ma Huili , Tan Zhanxiang , Yu Min , Wei Dongfeng , Guo Lili , Hou Xiaogai 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntersectional hybrids of Paeonia (Paeonia Itoh hybrids) have rich colours and strong fragrance, combining the advantages of sect. Moutan and sect. Paeonia, and have great economic value and development potential. However, there have been few studies on the floral fragrance components of intersectional hybrids of Paeonia. In this study, the types and contents of volatile components of 20 intersectional hybrids of Paeonia were conducted. A total of 53 floral volatiles were identified though gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, with linalool, nonanal and phenylethyl alcohol as the main floral components. Based on the compound contents and odour activity values (OAVs) analysis, the 20 cultivars were classified into four aroma types: a floral scent, a fresh floral scent, a floral with spicy scent and a fruity scent. ‘Magical Mystery Tour’ had the highest volatile compound contents and OAVs, and had potential for exploitation. This study provided a theoretical reference for the selection of parents for flower fragrance breeding of Paeonia Itoh hybrids.
A Time‐Space Dual Adaptive Uncoupled Method for Supersonic Combustion
Authors: Wu Junjie , Xu Xun , Zhang Xuke , Zhang Bin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHigh computational complexity due to rapidly increasing numerical stiffness is a difficult problem for simulating a supersonic reactive flow by using the uncoupled method. On the basis of our previous work, this paper proposes a dual adaptive method to ensure high calculation efficiency and good robustness in simulating stiff cases. The principle of this method is to realize adaptive coordination for the advection and reaction time steps in accordance with the non‐uniform feature of stiffness in the space and time dimensions. The proposed method can advance by a small time step in strong stiffness while with a large one in weak stiffness through the “prediction‐correction‐recovery” strategy. Some classical problems are chosen to verify the performance of the proposed method. The proposed method improved the computation efficiency by at least comparing with the previous method [1] and widened the error tolerance of the initial time step.
Vector SHAP Values for Machine Learning Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Eun Choi Ji , Won Shin Ji , Wan Shin Dong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose a new vector SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to interpret machine learning models for forecasting time series using lags of predictor variables. Unlike the standard SHAP measuring the contribution of each lag of each predictor variable, the proposed vector SHAP measures the contribution of the vector of the lags of each variable. The vector SHAP has an advantage of faster computation over the standard SHAP. Some desirable properties of the vector SHAP (vector local accuracy, vector missingness, and vector consistency) are established. A Monte Carlo simulation shows that the vector SHAP has a much faster computing time than the SHAP; the difference of the standard SHAP and the vector SHAP is small; the sampling SHAP is sensitive to the sampling proportion in a range of practical application; the vector SHAP mitigates the sensitivity issue. The vector SHAP is applied to the realized volatility of world major stock price indices of 16 countries for forecasting the realized volatility of South Korea stock price index, KOSPI. Further vectoring by regions of Europe, North America, and Asia yields vector SHAP value for each region which is very close to the sum of vector SHAP values of the countries of the region, illustrating usefulness of the strategy of vectoring.
Bioactive compounds from New Zealand's native edible plants: Their role in future functional foods
Authors: Rashidinejad Ali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis commentary discusses the significant role of bioactive compounds found in New Zealand's native edible plants in the development of functional foods. It begins by highlighting the diverse range of bioactive compounds (e.g., flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids) present in these plants, which exhibit various health‐promoting properties such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Although some are yet to be scientifically investigated, several common native edible plants are identified in New Zealand, each with unique bioactive compounds contributing to their health benefits. Examples include kawakawa, horopito, manuka, koromiko, and pūhā, among others. These plants offer a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be incorporated into functional foods to enhance their health‐promoting properties. The paper emphasizes the potential of these bioactive compounds to be integrated into food formulations to create functional foods with enhanced health benefits. It discusses the growing market for functional foods globally and in New Zealand, particularly in the context of increasing consumer demand for healthier options. Despite the promising outlook, this work acknowledges challenges facing the functional foods industry, such as consumer acceptance of new ingredients, regulatory compliance, and sustainability concerns. Moreover, this commentary underscores the ethical and sustainable use of New Zealand's native plants, emphasizing the importance of respecting Māori cultural values and obtaining consent from the Māori community for their use. The article concludes with a call for further research and development in this area while stressing the importance of ethical and sustainable practices in utilizing these resources, particularly in collaboration with the Māori community.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis to Evaluate the Effects of Chitosan on Obesity Indicators
Authors: Kholdebarin Mona , Pahlavani Naseh , Nikbaf‐Shandiz Mahlagha , Mosallaei Halle , Rasaei Niloufar , Khalse Zeinab , Aali Yasaman , Asbaghi Omid , Zamanian Ali , Shiraseb Farideh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTChitosan, a commonly used dietary supplement, is believed to have the potential to decrease body weight by binding to dietary fats and decreasing their absorption. However, due to conflicting results from various studies, this review aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan supplementation on obesity indicators in adults. To find appropriate randomized clinical trials (RCTs), a thorough search was conducted across electronic databases like PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science. The random‐effects method was employed to combine the data, and the outcomes were presented as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 19 RCTs with 21 effect sizes were included in the meta‐analysis. The combined analysis showed that chitosan supplementation significantly reduced body weight (WMD = −0.79 kg; 95% CI, −1.30 to −0.29; p = 0.002) and body‐fat percentage (BFP) (WMD = −0.41%; 95% CI, −0.50 to −0.32; p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a notable increase in fat‐free mass (FFM) (WMD = 0.20 kg; 95% CI, 0.06–0.34; p = 0.005). However, no significant impact of chitosan on body mass index (BMI) (WMD = −0.35 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.71, 0.00; p = 0.054) and waist circumference (WC) (WMD = −0.71 cm, 95% CI: −1.49, 0.05; p = 0.069) was observed. Overall, chitosan supplementation shows promise in improving obesity indicators by reducing BFP and increasing FFM. However, further well‐designed studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
All the single cells: Single‐cell transcriptomics/epigenomics experimental design and analysis considerations for glial biologists
Authors: Prater Katherine E. , Lin Kevin Z. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSingle‐cell transcriptomics, epigenomics, and other ‘omics applied at single‐cell resolution can significantly advance hypotheses and understanding of glial biology. Omics technologies are revealing a large and growing number of new glial cell subtypes, defined by their gene expression profile. These subtypes have significant implications for understanding glial cell function, cell–cell communications, and glia‐specific changes between homeostasis and conditions such as neurological disease. For many, the training in how to analyze, interpret, and understand these large datasets has been through reading and understanding literature from other fields like biostatistics. Here, we provide a primer for glial biologists on experimental design and analysis of single‐cell RNA‐seq datasets. Our goal is to further the understanding of why decisions are made about datasets and to enhance biologists’ ability to interpret and critique their work and the work of others. We review the steps involved in single‐cell analysis with a focus on decision points and particular notes for glia. The goal of this primer is to ensure that single‐cell ‘omics experiments continue to advance glial biology in a rigorous and replicable way.
The use of point‐of‐care ultrasound for detection of retinal detachment in emergency department
Authors: Sung Kai Man , Li Chi , Chiu King Yung , Chan Ho Yin , Lee Ping Chung Gordon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionRetinal detachment (RD) is an ocular emergency commonly encountered in the emergency department (ED). Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) has been proposed to rapidly identify the diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of POCUS for detection of RD by a group of emergency physicians (EP) who had no prior experience in ocular POCUS.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐center cohort study conducted between July 2023 and April 2024. All EP without any experience of POCUS in the department were invited to participate voluntarily in the study. They received a structured training session prior to the commencement of study which included a 30‐min lecture followed by a 30‐min supervised hands‐on practice on healthy individuals. All adult patients presenting to ED with acute onset flashes, floaters, and monocular visual loss were included. Patients who met one of the following criteria were excluded: pre‐existing or known RD, suspected ruptured eyeball, and unable to communicate in either Chinese or English. The final diagnosis by ophthalmologists were used as the gold standard for comparison.ResultsA total of 12 EP participated in the study and 89 patients were identified. Fourteen of them received the diagnosis of RD by ophthalmologists. Overall, the sensitivity of ocular POCUS was 93% (95% confidence interval (CI = 66%–100%). Specificity was 89% (95% CI = 80%–95%). The positive predictive value was 62% (95% CI = 45%–76%) and the negative predictive value was 98% (95% CI = 91%–100%).ConclusionOcular POCUS has high sensitivity and negative predictive value for detection of RD. It is a useful and readily available diagnostic tool in ED even for EP without prior experience.
Multimodal hand/finger movement sensing and fuzzy encoding for data‐efficient universal sign language recognition
Authors: Wei Caise , Liu Shiqiang , Yuan Jinfeng , Zhu Rong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWearable sign language recognition helps hearing/speech impaired people communicate with non‐signers. However current technologies still unsatisfy practical uses due to the limitations of sensing and decoding capabilities. Here, A continuous sign language recognition system is proposed with multimodal hand/finger movement sensing and fuzzy encoding, trained with small word‐level samples from one user, but applicable to sentence‐level language recognition for new untrained users, achieving data‐efficient universal recognition. A stretchable fabric strain sensor is developed by printing conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) ink on a pre‐stretched fabric wrapping rubber band, allowing the strain sensor with superior performances of wide sensing range, high sensitivity, good linearity, fast dynamic response, low hysteresis, and good long‐term reliability. A flexible e‐skin with a homemade micro‐flow sensor array is further developed to accurately capture three‐dimensional hand movements. Benefitting from fabric strain sensors for finger movement sensing, micro‐flow sensor array for 3D hand movement sensing, and human‐inspired fuzzy encoding for semantic comprehension, sign language is captured accurately without the interferences from individual action differences. Experiment results show that the semantic comprehension accuracy reaches 99.7% and 95%, respectively, in recognizing 100 isolated words and 50 sentences for a trained user, and achieves 80% in recognizing 50 sentences for new untrained users.image
Lightweight and Privacy‐Preserving Authentication Protocol for Smart Village
Authors: Panigrahi Ranjeet Kumar , Kumar Raghvendra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSmart villages, utilizing digital technology, present a viable solution to address rural communities' needs, especially in developing countries. However, high infrastructure costs, informal economies, and governance issues pose significant challenges, impeding the realization of government aspirations for the smart village concept. This study focuses on preserving privacy and enhancing security within IoT‐enabled smart villages. We propose a lightweight, privacy‐preserving remote user authentication protocol utilizing geometric secret sharing to mitigate security vulnerabilities in resource‐constrained IoT devices. The protocol eliminates the need for traditional passwords and smart cards, reducing user burden and enhancing usability. Performance analysis and comparative evaluations, including power consumption, security features, and computational costs, demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of our protocol.
Microfluidic visualization of in‐situ emulsification during surfactant flooding
Authors: Fang Yiwei , Li Moyi , Peng Baoliang , Liu Weidong , Liao Guangzhi , Zhao Xuezhi , Feng Yujun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSurfactant plays a crucial role in the chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) process, and in‐situ emulsification is regarded as one of the mechanisms for surfactant flooding. However, no direct evidences are available so far to show how emulsions are generated in porous media, and how emulsification is essential for cEOR. To address these issues, binary mixtures of several currently‐used sulfonate surfactants, SH5, SH6, and SHZ, were formulated with connate brine to displace crude oil in both 2D microfluidic chips and 3D glass beads porous media, as well as artificial cores. It was found that both “oil‐in‐water” (O/W) and “water‐in‐oil” (W/O) macroemulsions can be formed in‐situ inside the porous media, and they improve oil recovery mainly through breaking residual oil into small drops and improving mobility ratio, which can significantly reduce the residual oil saturation by up to 12.8% in 2D microchips. The in‐situ emulsification in 3D glass beads medium can get oil recovery factor up to 15% over water flooding. In‐situ formulation of microemulsion was also observed in microfluidic flow tests. Part of the oil phase is emulsified into microemulsions that are present in the middle phase, further mobilizing the oil trapped downstream, lowering residual oil saturation from 54.8% to 11.3% in 2D microchips, and enhancing oil recovery factor up to 25% in core flooding test. These findings advance insightful understanding of in‐situ emulsification during surfactant flooding process under simulated oil reservoir condition, offering real‐time evidence of how both macro‐ and micro‐emulsions formation help for cEOR.