bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Representation of Directed Acyclic Graphs for Efficient Dataflow Embedded Resource Allocation
Authors: Arrestier Florian , Desnos Karol , Juarez Eduardo , Menard Daniel 
Published: October 2019

Stream processing applications running on Heterogeneous Multi-Processor Systems on Chips (HMPSoCs) require efficient resource allocation and management, both at compile-time and at runtime. To cope with modern adaptive applications whose behavior can not be exhaustively predicted at compile-time, runtime managers must be able to take resource allocation decisions on-the-fly, with a minimum overhead on application performance.
Resource allocation algorithms often rely on an internal modeling of an application. Directed Acyclic Graph (DAGs) are the most commonly used models for capturing control and data dependencies between tasks. DAGs are notably often used as an intermediate representation for deploying applications modeled with a dataflow Model of Computation (MoC) on HMPSoCs. Building such intermediate representation at runtime for massively parallel applications is costly both in terms of computation and memory overhead.
In this paper, an intermediate representation of DAGs for resource allocation is presented. This new representation shows improved performance for run-time analysis of dataflow graphs with less overhead in both computation time and memory footprint. The performances of the proposed representation are evaluated on a set of computer vision and machine learning applications.
Statistical Verification of Hyperproperties for Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Wang Yu , Zarei Mojtaba , Bonakdarpour Borzoo , Pajic Miroslav 
Published: October 2019

Many important properties of cyber-physical systems (CPS) are defined upon the relationship between multiple executions simultaneously in continuous time. Examples include probabilistic fairness and sensitivity to modeling errors (i.e., parameters changes) for real-valued signals. These requirements can only be specified by
hyperproperties
. In this article, we focus on verifying probabilistic hyperproperties for CPS. To cover a wide range of modeling formalisms, we first propose a general model of probabilistic uncertain systems (PUSs) that unify commonly studied CPS models such as
continuous-time Markov chains
(CTMCs) and
probabilistically parametrized Hybrid I/O Automata
(P
2
HIOA). To formally specify hyperproperties, we propose a new temporal logic,
hyper probabilistic signal temporal logic
(HyperPSTL) that serves as a hyper and probabilistic version of the conventional signal temporal logic (STL). Considering the complexity of real-world systems that can be captured as PUSs, we adopt a
statistical model checking
(SMC) approach for their verification. We develop a new SMC technique based on the direct computation of significance levels of statistical assertions for HyperPSTL specifications, which requires no
a priori
knowledge on the indifference margin. Then, we introduce SMC algorithms for HyperPSTL specifications on the joint probabilistic distribution of multiple paths, as well as specifications with nested probabilistic operators quantifying different paths, which cannot be handled by existing SMC algorithms. Finally, we show the effectiveness of our SMC algorithms on CPS benchmarks with varying levels of complexity, including the Toyota Powertrain Control System.
Effect of ischemic preconditioning and changing inspired O2fractions on neuromuscular function during intense exercise
Authors: Halley Samuel L. , Marshall Paul , Siegler Jason C. 
Published: October 2019

The aim of the present study was to determine whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC)-mediated effects on neuromuscular function are dependent on tissue oxygenation. Eleven resistance-trained males completed four exercise trials (6 sets of 11 repetitions of maximal effort dynamic single-leg extensions) in either normoxic [fraction of inspired oxygen ([Formula: see text]): 21%) or hypoxic [Formula: see text]: 14%] conditions, preceded by treatments of either IPC (3 × 5 min bilateral leg occlusions at 220 mmHg) or sham (3 × 5 min at 20 mmHg). Femoral nerve stimulation was utilized to assess voluntary activation and potentiated twitch characteristics during maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs). Tissue oxygenation (via near-infrared spectroscopy) and surface electromyography activity were measured throughout the exercise task. MVC and twitch torque declined 62 and 54%, respectively (MVC: 96 ± 24 N·m, Cohen’s d = 2.9, P < 0.001; twitch torque: 37 ± 11 N·m, d = 1.6, P < 0.001), between pretrial measurements and the sixth set without reductions in voluntary activation ( P > 0.21); there were no differences between conditions. Tissue oxygenation was reduced in both hypoxic conditions compared with normoxia ( P < 0.001), with an even further reduction of 3% evident in the hypoxic IPC compared with the sham trial (mean decrease 1.8 ± 0.7%, d = 1.0, P < 0.05). IPC did not affect any measure of neuromuscular function regardless of tissue oxygenation. A reduction in [Formula: see text] did invoke a humoral response and improved muscle O2extraction during exercise, however, it did not manifest into any performance benefit.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemic preconditioning did not affect any facet of neuromuscular function regardless of the degree of tissue oxygenation. Reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen induced localized tissue deoxygenation, subsequently invoking a humoral response, which improved muscle oxygen extraction during exercise. This physiological response, however, did not manifest into any performance benefits.
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis With Nanobodies
Authors: Punjabi Mukesh , Xu Lifen , Ochoa-Espinosa Amanda , Kosareva Alexandra , Wolff Thomas , Murtaja Ahmed , Broisat Alexis , Devoogdt Nick , Kaufmann Beat A. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound molecular imaging (CEUMI) of endothelial expression of VCAM (vascular cell adhesion molecule)-1 could improve risk stratification for atherosclerosis. The microbubble contrast agents developed for preclinical studies are not suitable for clinical translation. Our aim was to characterize and validate a microbubble contrast agent using a clinically translatable single-variable domain immunoglobulin (nanobody) ligand.

Approach and Results:

Microbubble with a nanobody targeting VCAM-1 (MB
cAbVcam1-5
) and microbubble with a control nanobody (MB
VHH2E7
) were prepared and characterized in vitro. Attachment efficiency to VCAM-1 under continuous and pulsatile flow was investigated using activated murine endothelial cells. In vivo CEUMI of the aorta was performed in atherosclerotic double knockout and wild-type mice after injection of MB
cAbVcam1-5
and MB
VHH2E7
. Ex vivo CEUMI of human endarterectomy specimens was performed in a closed-loop circulation model. The surface density of the nanobody ligand was 3.5×10
5
per microbubble. Compared with MB
VHH2E7
, MB
cAbVcam1-5
showed increased attachment under continuous flow with increasing shear stress of 1-8 dynes/cm
2
while under pulsatile flow attachment occurred at higher shear stress. CEUMI in double knockout mice showed signal enhancement for MB
cAbVcam1-5
in early (
P
=0.0003 versus MB
VHH2E7
) and late atherosclerosis (
P
=0.007 versus MB
VHH2E7
); in wild-type mice, there were no differences between MB
cAbVcam1-5
and MB
VHH2E7
. CEUMI in human endarterectomy specimens showed a 100% increase in signal for MB
cAbVcam1-5
versus MB
VHH2E7
(20.6±27.7 versus 9.6±14.7,
P
=0.0156).

Conclusions:
CEUMI of the expression of VCAM-1 is feasible in murine models of atherosclerosis and on human tissue using a clinically translatable microbubble bearing a VCAM-1 targeted nanobody.
CRISPR-Cas9 and the Promise of a Better Future
Authors: Raposo Vera Lúcia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Due to its simplicity, low cost and accuracy, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a promising new technique in the field of gene editing. However, despite its virtues, it is not yet immune to scientific hazards and ethical legal concerns. These concerns have been used to justify opposition to genetic manipulation, and have led to some regulations to ban or impose a moratorium based on the precautionary principle. In Europe, regulation mostly comes from the European Union and the Council of Europe, both very cautious towards gene editing. In this article, two arguments on the future legal framework of CRISPR-Cas9 are made. The first is that continued research will contribute to more scientific accuracy; thus, the precautionary principle should promote regulated research to achieve this aim. The second is that most of the legal and ethical concerns surrounding CRISPR-Cas9 are based on unfounded prejudice emanating from a mystical understanding of the human genome.
Acute Bronchiolitis: A Study of 207 Cases
Authors: Ackerman Bruce D. 
Published: October 2019

Acute bronchiolitis is an important clinical syndrome seen in infants and young children. It is most common in infants between the ages of two and seven months. The disease is characterized by recurrent epidemics during which a large number of cases are seen over a period of one to two months. The presenting history is usually dominated by the symptom of cough. Physical examination reveals an acutely ill infant with a characteristic cough, labored respirations, an emphysematous chest, and high-pitched expiratory wheezes. The clinical course is typically characterized by severe respiratory difficulty for one to two days followed by sudden improvement. Respiratory embarrassment is sometimes extreme and on rare occasions fatal. The etiology most often appears to be infection with a viral agent.
US Adult Smokers’ Perceived Risk of Fire or Explosion-Related Injury Caused by Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Authors: Nyman Amy L. , Weaver Scott R. , Huang Jidong , Slovic Paul , Ashley David L. , Eriksen Michael P. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Publicity on incidents of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) exploding or catching fire may influence smokers’ risk perceptions and decisions about using ENDS for quitting smoking. We examined combustible cigarette smokers’ perceptions of the possibility of injury from exploding ENDS and the relationship of those perceptions to ENDS use, perceived risk relative to smoking, and perceived costs and benefits of ENDS use. Methods: We used data from the 2017 Tobacco Products and Risk Perceptions Survey of a national probability sample of US adults, conducted online in August and September 2017. The analytic sample consisted of 1181 current combustible cigarette smokers aware of ENDS. Results: Among combustible cigarette smokers aware of ENDS, a medium/high perceived risk of injury from exploding ENDS was associated with lower odds of current ENDS use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.86; P = .01), perceiving ENDS to be at least as harmful as cigarettes (aOR = 3.22; 95% CI, 2.11-4.93; P < .001), and feeling that the negatives of ENDS use outweighed the positives (aOR = 3.50; 95% CI, 2.00-6.14; P < .001). Conclusions: Product standards, improved product labeling, and education about how to properly use, charge, and store ENDS can help protect consumers from injury. Communication efforts should seek to fully inform combustible cigarette smokers about both the absolute health risks of ENDS, including risk of explosions, and their relative risks compared with those of cigarette smoking.
Phone Speech Recognition Improvement in Noisy Environment: Use of a Bluetooth Accessory
Authors: Martínez Basterra Zuriñe , Fernández de Pinedo Mercedes , Rey Jorge Alberto , Palicio Idoia , Soriano-Reixach Maria Montserrat , Urreta Iratxe , Altuna Mariezcurena Xabier 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To evaluate speech understanding in noise and patient satisfaction using the new Cochlear Wireless Phone Clip device. Material and Methods: Twenty-nine experienced cochlear implant (CI) users (>6 months usage) were situated in a soundproof room where a 65 dB SPL Spanish cocktail noise was generated continuously from 4 loudspeakers. Lists of disyllabic words were presented through the clinic landline telephone to the patients. Patients were tested first holding the phone and then with the Cochlear Phone Clip© paired to the CP910 using various mixing ratios (2:1, 4:1, and Phone Clip© only). Results: Statistically significant ( P < .001) improvement of speech recognition performance was found in cell phone usage by wireless transmission and also when using this new device. Kepler questionnaire results showed that before using Phone Clip in everyday life, 55.2% of patients described themselves highly or greatly affected by their deafness for telephone use and 80% moderately to greatly affected. Kim questionnaire results showed statistically significant differences ( P < .001) in the subjective satisfaction of the Bluetooth-implemented CI compared to the conventional mode for sound quality, noise interference, and sound accuracy. Conclusions: The wireless Phone Clip© device helps implanted people to improve subjective and objective speech recognition performance through the phone in noisy environments.
A systematic review of the application and psychometric properties of the graded Wolf Motor Function Test
Authors: Turtle Beverley , Porter-Armstrong Alison , Stinson May 
Published: October 2019

Introduction Adapted from the Wolf Motor Function Test, the graded Wolf Motor Function Test is an upper limb activity assessment for use following stroke and brain injury. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and appraise evidence where the test has been used or has undergone psychometric evaluation. Method A systematic review of five databases was conducted to identify studies reporting the graded Wolf Motor Function Test using a keyword search. Intervention and clinical measurement studies were eligible for inclusion. Data quality was assessed using the adapted Critical Appraisal Skills Programme questions and the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments Risk of Bias checklist. Results Twelve studies, of mostly low quality, were included. Studies included one randomised controlled trial, 10 pre- and post-studies and one clinical measurement study. All studies involved participants following stroke. Reliability was the only measurement property assessed in two studies, which were of a ‘doubtful’ and ‘poor’ quality. Conclusion Low quality studies impede the ability of clinicians and researchers to best determine the applicability of the graded Wolf Motor Function Test to patient groups and research contexts. Further exploration of the psychometric properties of the graded Wolf Motor Function Test is recommended across stroke populations using rigorous design methods.
Addressing Health and Well-Being Through State Policy: Understanding Barriers and Opportunities for Policy-Making to Prevent Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in South Carolina
Authors: Srivastav Aditi , Spencer Mindi , Thrasher James F. , Strompolis Melissa , Crouch Elizabeth , Davis Rachel E. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: As adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) become increasingly recognized as a root cause of unhealthy behaviors, researchers, practitioners, and legislators seek to understand policy strategies to prevent and mitigate its effects. Given the high prevalence of ACEs, policies that address ACEs can meaningfully prevent disease in adulthood and improve population health. We sought to understand barriers and opportunities for policies to prevent and mitigate ACEs by exploring state legislator perspectives. Setting and Participants: Twenty-four current state legislators in South Carolina. Design: In 2018, we conducted semistructured interviews with 24 state legislators. Participants were recruited using maximum variation sampling. The researchers individually analyzed each interview transcript using focused coding qualitative techniques. A high inter-rater agreement was demonstrated (κ = .76 to .87), and discrepancies were resolved through discussion. Method: The data collection and analysis were guided by Multiple Streams Theory, which identifies 3 key components (attention to the problem, decisions about policy options, and the impact of political landscape) that can lead windows of opportunity for passing policies. Results: Legislators identified several factors that can influence the passage of legislation on ACEs: awareness of ACEs; gaps in understanding about what can be done about ACEs; the use of data and stories that contextualize the problem of ACEs; capitalizing on the bipartisanship of children’s issues; and linking to current ACEs-related issues on the policy agenda, such as school safety and violence prevention and the opioid epidemic. Conclusion: Public health researchers and practitioners should focus on the factors identified to advocate for policies that prevent ACEs and/or address their health consequences.
Model to predict motion sickness within autonomous vehicles
Authors: Salter Spencer , Diels Cyriel , Herriotts Paul , Kanarachos Stratis , Thake Doug 
Published: October 2019

Background: Motion sickness is common within most forms of transport; it affects most of the population who experience varied symptoms at some stage in their lives. Thus far, there has been no specific method to quantify the predicted levels of motion sickness for a given vehicle design, task and route. Objective: To develop a motion sickness virtual prediction tool that includes the following inputs: human motion, vision, vehicle motion, occupant task and vehicle design. Method: A time domain analysis using a multi-body systems approach has been developed to provide the raw data for post-processing of vehicle motion, occupant motion and vision, based on a virtual route designed to provoke motion sickness, while the digital occupant undertakes a specific non-driving related task. Results: Predicted motion sickness levels are shared for a simple positional sweep of a vehicle cabin due to a prescribed motion and task. Two additional examples are shared within this study; first, it was found that the model can predict the difference found between sitting forwards and backwards in an autonomous vehicle. Second, analysis of a respected and independent study into auxiliary display height shows that the model can predict both relative and absolute levels between the two display heights congruent to the original physical experiment. Conclusion: It has been shown that the tool has been successful in predicting motion sickness in autonomous vehicles and is therefore of great use in guiding new future mobility solutions in the ability to tune vehicle dynamics and control alongside vision and design attributes.
Inference about binocular sensitivity and specificity of screening tests for paired organs
Authors: Tsou Tsung-Shan , Hsiao Wei-Cheng 
Published: October 2019

Recently Perera et al. introduced two new binocular accuracy measures to evaluate diagnostic tests for paired organs. They adopted the Gaussian copula model to account for correlation between fellow eyes. As the measures are functions of several joint probabilities and due to the nature of the joint models, variations of the estimates for the two new measures were assessed via bootstrapping. We provide a different approach to inference about the two interesting and innovative measures. In our opinion, when patients are independent, the binomial models suffice for inference about the parameters of interest. Inference becomes simple and straightforward. We perform numerical studies and analyse the data set as of Perera et al. for illustration. Also, we investigate thru simulations the issue of robustness of the Gaussian copula and the binomial models under model misspecification.
Breast Milk Feeding Practices and Barriers and Supports Experienced by Mother–Infant Dyads With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Madhoun Lauren L. , Crerand Canice E. , Keim Sarah , Baylis Adriane L. 
Published: October 2019

Objective:To examine trends in breast milk provision and to characterize the breast milk feeding practices experienced by mother–infant dyads with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in a large US sample.Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:An online survey was distributed through cleft-related social media sites in the United States and in a single cleft lip and palate clinic. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis H tests and post hoc Mann-Whitney tests to examine group differences based on cleft type and prenatal versus postnatal cleft diagnosis. Linear regression was used to estimate associations between obtained variables.Participants:One hundred fifty biological mothers of infants (8-14 months of age) with CL/P (15% cleft lip, 29% cleft palate, 56% cleft lip and palate).Results:Forty-six percent of mothers of infants with CL/P provided breast milk to their infant for at least 6 months. Five percent of infants ever fed at breast, and 43% received pumped breast milk via bottle. The most commonly reported supports included lactation consultants, nurses, feeding therapists, and online support groups. Feeding therapy was received by 48% of infants.Conclusions:A lower percentage of mothers of infants with CL/P reported providing breast milk compared to national estimates of the general population of infants without clefting. Results suggested there are multiple barriers, as well as numerous medical and psychosocial supports that facilitated breast milk feeding success. Implications for care are discussed.
Effect of Alteplase Administration on International Normalized Ratio in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Erdman Michael J. , Davidson K. Erin , Haller J. Tyler , Shah Samarth , Gross Whitney , Andrews Jessica , Patel Alicia , Jones G. Morgan 
Published: October 2019

Background/Objective: Alteplase may elevate international normalized ratio (INR) results, although the exact rate of elevation occurrence is not firmly established in the literature. The purpose of this study is to determine the occurrence rate of INR elevation following alteplase administration. We also aimed to determine what factors are independently associated with the development of elevated INR following alteplase administration for ischemic stroke. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study of patients who received alteplase for acute ischemic stroke. Patients were screened for baseline INR measurement and a repeat value within 24 hours of alteplase administration. The primary outcome was the percent of patients who experienced ≥0.4-point increase in INR. Secondary outcomes included the rate of adverse bleeding events and identification of factors independently associated with elevated INR following alteplase administration. Results and Conclusions: Two hundred and sixty-one patients were included, with 44 (16.9%) patients having an INR increase of 0.4 or more. Patients with an INR increase ≥0.4 experienced a nonstatistically significant increase in bleeding episodes (8.8% vs 18.2%; P = .10). We identified African American race (odds ratio, 3.48, 95% confidence interval, 1.5-7.6; P = .002) as an independent predictor of INR increase ≥0.04. An INR elevation is common following receipt of alteplase for ischemic stroke. Those of African American race were at increased risk of INR elevation; however, more studies are needed to determine whether these patients are at a higher bleeding risk as a result of INR elevation.