bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediators of the effectiveness of a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention on pre-schoolers’ snacking behaviour: the ToyBox-study
Authors: Lambrinou Christina-Paulina , van Stralen Maartje M , Androutsos Odysseas , Cardon Greet , De Craemer Marieke , Iotova Violeta , Socha Piotr , Koletzko Berthold , Moreno Luis A , Manios Yannis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore the mediating role of family-related determinants on the effects of the ToyBox-intervention on pre-school children’s consumption of healthy and unhealthy snacks.DesignThe ToyBox-intervention was a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention with a cluster-randomized design, aiming to promote healthy lifestyle behaviours to prevent obesity at pre-school age.SettingKindergartens (n 309) in six European countries.SubjectsA total of 6290 pre-schoolers and their families participated in the ToyBox-intervention in 2012–2013 and data from 5212 pre-schoolers/families were included in the current analyses.ResultsEven though the total effect of the ToyBox-intervention on healthy and unhealthy snacking was not significant, the ToyBox-intervention significantly improved parental rule setting on children’s unhealthy snack consumption (i.e. restriction of snacking while watching television and permission only at certain occasions) and parental consumption of unhealthy snacks, while it increased parental knowledge on snacking recommendations. Regarding healthy snacking, the ToyBox-intervention improved children’s attitude towards fruit and vegetables (F&V). All previously mentioned family-related determinants mediated the intervention effects on pre-schoolers’ consumption of healthy and unhealthy snacks. Almost all family-related determinants examined in the study were independently associated with pre-schoolers’ consumption of healthy and unhealthy snacks.ConclusionsThe intervention was effective in improving relevant family-related determinants. Interventions aiming to promote F&V consumption and limit the consumption of unhealthy snacks in pre-schoolers should target on these mediators, but also identify new family-, school- or peer-related determinants, to enhance their effectiveness.
Appraisal of short and long versions of the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS-S and NEMS-R) in Australia
Authors: Carins Julia Elizabeth , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn , Storr Ryan James 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveResearch has begun to take a more ecological view of eating behaviour, examining multiple levels of influence: personal, social and environmental. The food environment is a major influence on eating behaviour, attracting the attention of researchers who have measured it in a number of ways. The present paper examines the short-form version, in comparison to the long-form version, of the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (NEMS) – an observational food outlet audit tool.DesignBoth the short-form and long-form were examined to qualitatively appraise the dimensions of the food environment assessed by each measure. Data from 135 food outlets in Australia were then used to compare results obtained using the short-form with the results from the long-form method, to consider the utility of the short-form measure.SettingThe retail food environment in Australia.ParticipantsOne hundred and thirty-five food outlets in Australia.ResultsResults indicate that the short-form predominantly assessed availability of healthful foods (one aspect of the food environment). Several critical dimensions of the food environment known to influence eating behaviour were not assessed. For this data set, the short-form produced scores inconsistent with the longer version of the measure, delivering inflated estimates for stores and deflated estimates for restaurants.ConclusionsScores between the long-form and short-form versions were not comparable in this Australian study. Further development of food environment measures is recommended and must balance instrument brevity with the need to accurately capture important aspects of the food environment known to influence eating behaviour.
YouTube as a learning tool for four shoulder tests
Authors: Lee Heewon , Choi Asayeon , Jang Yongjun , Lee Jong In 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Aim
To analyze the use of YouTube videos as educational tools for four physical examinations of the shoulder: the Neer, Hawkins, empty can, and drop arm tests.

Background
Video-based education, which is accompanied by text-based education, can be an effective education method, especially in learning medical skills. Medical students and doctors in training often use YouTube videos to share medical education materials, and more systematic review of the reliability of these videos is required.

Methods
A search of YouTube was conducted using four keywords: ‘Neer test,’ ‘Hawkins test,’ ‘empty can test,’ and ‘drop arm test.’ Two physicians reviewed each video and recorded a variety of characteristics (date uploaded, number of views, likes and dislikes, and upload source). In addition, they scored and categorized the videos into four groups: ‘very useful,’ ‘somewhat useful,’ ‘not useful,’ and ‘misleading.’ Videos containing inappropriate content were classified as ‘misleading.’ Finally, the correlations of each video’s usefulness with viewers’ preferences and the upload source were analyzed.

Results
A total of 400 videos were assessed and 200 videos were adopted which yield eligible criteria. Out of 200 videos, 51 videos were very useful and 32 were misleading. Significant correlations were observed between the video’s usefulness and the uploaded source, as well as between the video’s usefulness and viewers’ preferences, such as the number of views, views per day, and number of likes. The proportion of videos classified as ‘very useful’ was highest (58.6%) among those uploaded by physicians and lowest (12.7%) among those uploaded by individuals. Videos uploaded by individuals had significantly lower values reflecting viewer preferences than did videos uploaded by physicians.

Conclusion
YouTube videos could be used as learning sources for shoulder physical examinations after the application of appropriate filtering processes, such as review of the upload source and viewers’ preferences.
Acoustical Measurement of Natural Lightning Flashes: Reconstructions and Statistical Analysis of Energy Spectra
Authors: Lacroix Arthur , Farges Thomas , Marchiano Régis , Coulouvrat François 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwenty‐seven natural flashes of three thunderstorms which occurred during October 2012 in Southern France are acoustically reconstructed and analyzed in the [0.1 − 180]‐Hz frequency bandwidth and the [0.3 − 20]‐km distance range. A 50‐m triangular array of four recalibrated microphones sampled at 500 Hz has been used for the recording. A novel method of separation of return strokes from intracloud discharges within the acoustical signal is detailed and systematically applied. It shows the possibility to separate nearby cloud‐to‐ground (CG) events or nearby and distant CGs of the same flash. The separation method yields a total of 36 return stroke signals and spectra, along with some intracloud signals. The combination of reconstruction, separation, and frequency analysis provides new insights on the origin of thunder infrasound, showing unambiguously that thunder infrasound originate dominantly from return strokes. Apart from the higher amplitude of CGs, no clear difference between intracloud and CG spectra is observed. No sharp frequency peaks can be put into evidence. The spectral variability with distance is highlighted, especially for the total acoustic energy and the center frequency and bandwidth. A link between acoustic energy and impulse charge moment change is also found, though only by a small number of data.
Differential lateral and basal tension drive folding of Drosophila wing discs through two distinct mechanisms
Authors: Sui Liyuan , Alt Silvanus , Weigert Martin , Dye Natalie , Eaton Suzanne , Jug Florian , Myers Eugene W. , Jülicher Frank , Salbreux Guillaume , Dahmann Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEpithelial folding transforms simple sheets of cells into complex three-dimensional tissues and organs during animal development. Epithelial folding has mainly been attributed to mechanical forces generated by an apically localized actomyosin network, however, contributions of forces generated at basal and lateral cell surfaces remain largely unknown. Here we show that a local decrease of basal tension and an increased lateral tension, but not apical constriction, drive the formation of two neighboring folds in developing Drosophila wing imaginal discs. Spatially defined reduction of extracellular matrix density results in local decrease of basal tension in the first fold; fluctuations in F-actin lead to increased lateral tension in the second fold. Simulations using a 3D vertex model show that the two distinct mechanisms can drive epithelial folding. Our combination of lateral and basal tension measurements with a mechanical tissue model reveals how simple modulations of surface and edge tension drive complex three-dimensional morphological changes.
Evidence for Weyl fermions in a canonical heavy-fermion semimetal YbPtBi
Authors: Guo C. Y. , Wu F. , Wu Z. Z. , Smidman M. , Cao C. , Bostwick A. , Jozwiak C. , Rotenberg E. , Liu Y. , Steglich F. , Yuan H. Q. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe manifestation of Weyl fermions in strongly correlated electron systems is of particular interest. We report evidence for Weyl fermions in the heavy fermion semimetal YbPtBi from electronic structure calculations, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, magnetotransport and calorimetric measurements. At elevated temperatures where 4f-electrons are localized, there are triply degenerate points, yielding Weyl nodes in applied magnetic fields. These are revealed by a contribution from the chiral anomaly in the magnetotransport, which at low temperatures becomes negligible due to the influence of electronic correlations. Instead, Weyl fermions are inferred from the topological Hall effect, which provides evidence for a Berry curvature, and a cubic temperature dependence of the specific heat, as expected from the linear dispersion near the Weyl nodes. The results suggest that YbPtBi is a Weyl heavy fermion semimetal, where the Kondo interaction renormalizes the bands hosting Weyl points. These findings open up an opportunity to explore the interplay between topology and strong electronic correlations.
Copper adparticle enabled selective electrosynthesis of n-propanol
Authors: Li Jun , Che Fanglin , Pang Yuanjie , Zou Chengqin , Howe Jane Y. , Burdyny Thomas , Edwards Jonathan P. , Wang Yuhang , Li Fengwang , Wang Ziyun , De Luna Phil , Dinh Cao-Thang , Zhuang Tao-Tao , Saidaminov Makhsud I. , Cheng Shaobo , Wu Tianpin , Finfrock Y. Zou , Ma Lu , Hsieh Shang-Hsien , Liu Yi-Sheng , Botton Gianluigi A. , Pong Way-Faung , Du Xiwen , Guo Jinghua , Sham Tsun-Kong , Sargent Edward H. , Sinton David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of carbon monoxide is a promising approach for the renewable production of carbon-based fuels and chemicals. Copper shows activity toward multi-carbon products from CO reduction, with reaction selectivity favoring two-carbon products; however, efficient conversion of CO to higher carbon products such as n-propanol, a liquid fuel, has yet to be achieved. We hypothesize that copper adparticles, possessing a high density of under-coordinated atoms, could serve as preferential sites for n-propanol formation. Density functional theory calculations suggest that copper adparticles increase CO binding energy and stabilize two-carbon intermediates, facilitating coupling between adsorbed *CO and two-carbon intermediates to form three-carbon products. We form adparticle-covered catalysts in-situ by mediating catalyst growth with strong CO chemisorption. The new catalysts exhibit an n-propanol Faradaic efficiency of 23% from CO reduction at an n-propanol partial current density of 11 mA cm−2.
Improvement in reading performance through training with simulated thalamic visual prostheses
Authors: Rassia Katerina Eleonora K. , Pezaris John S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSimulations of artificial vision are used to provide the researcher an opportunity to explore different aspects of visual prosthesis device design by observing subject performance on various tasks viewed through the simulation. Such studies typically use normal, sighted subjects to measure performance at a given point in time. Relatively few studies examine performance changes longitudinally to quantitatively assess the benefits from a training plan that would be akin to post-implantation rehabilitation. Here, we had six normal, sighted subjects use a standard reading task with daily practice over eight weeks to understand the effects of an intensive training schedule on adaptation to artificial sight. Subjects read 40 MNREAD-style sentences per session, with a new set each session, that were presented at five font sizes (logMAR 1.0–1.4) and through three center-weighted phosphene patterns (2,000, 1,000, 500 phosphenes). We found that subjects improved their reading accuracy across sessions, and that the training lead to an increase of reading speed that was equivalent to a doubling of available phosphenes. Most importantly, the hardest condition, while initially illegible, supported functional reading after training. Consistent with experience-driven neuroplastic changes, gaps in the training schedule lead to transient decreases in reading speed, but, surprisingly, not reading accuracy. Our findings contribute to our larger project of developing a thalamic visual prosthesis and to post-implant rehabilitation strategies.
Nanopore sequencing for rapid diagnostics of salmonid RNA viruses
Authors: Gallagher Michael D. , Matejusova Iveta , Nguyen Lien , Ruane Neil M. , Falk Knut , Macqueen Daniel J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnalysis of pathogen genome variation is essential for informing disease management and control measures in farmed animals. For farmed fish, the standard approach is to use PCR and Sanger sequencing to study partial regions of pathogen genomes, with second and third-generation sequencing tools yet to be widely applied. Here we demonstrate rapid and accurate sequencing of two disease-causing viruses affecting global salmonid aquaculture, salmonid alphavirus (SAV) and infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), using third-generation nanopore sequencing on the MinION platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Our approach complements PCR from infected material with MinION sequencing to recover genomic information that matches near perfectly to Sanger-verified references. We use this method to present the first SAV subtype-6 genome, which branches as the sister to all other SAV lineages in a genome-wide phylogenetic reconstruction. MinION sequencing offers an effective strategy for fast, genome-wide analysis of fish viruses, with major potential applications for diagnostics and robust investigations into the origins and spread of disease outbreaks.
Tri-ponderal mass index in survivors of childhood brain tumors: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sims E. Danielle , Wang Kuan-Wen , Fleming Adam , Johnston Donna L. , Zelcer Shayna M. , Rassekh Shahrad Rod , Burrow Sarah , Thabane Lehana , Samaan M. Constantine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSurvivors of childhood brain tumors (SCBT) face a higher risk of cardiometabolic disorders and premature mortality compared to the general population. Excess adiposity is a known risk factor for these comorbidities. However, while SCBT have higher adiposity compared to healthy controls, measuring adiposity in clinical practice involves access to specialized equipment and may impact busy clinical services. Tri-ponderal Mass Index (TMI; kg/m3) may be a superior measure of adiposity when compared to Body Mass Index (BMI; kg/m2). However, its use in determining adiposity in SCBT has not been assessed. This study aims to validate TMI as a clinical measure of adiposity in SCBT. This was a cross-sectional study including 44 SCBT (n = 20 female) and 137 (n = 64 female) non-cancer control children, 5–17 years of age. BMI and TMI were calculated from height and weight measurements. Fat mass percentage was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis and waist to hip and waist to height ratios were used to assess central adiposity. Regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, puberty and treatment. TMI demonstrated strong correlations to measures of total and central adiposity and predicted adiposity in SCBT and non-cancer controls, with stronger trends in the latter group. TMI may serve as a reliable clinical measure of adiposity in both SCBT and healthy children.
A Randomized Control Trial Of Anti-Inflammatory Regional Hypothermia On Urinary Continence During Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Huynh Linda M. , Skarecky Douglas , Porter James , Wagner Christian , Witt Jorn , Wilson Timothy , Lau Clayton , Ahlering Thomas E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present study seeks to present a single-blind, randomized control trial of a hypothermic anti-inflammatory device, the endorectal cooling balloon (ECB), to assess whether regional hypothermia could improve 90-day and time to pad-free continence following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Five high-volume surgeons at three institutions had patients randomized (1:1) to regional hypothermia with ECB versus control. Patients were blinded to device use, as it was inserted and removed intraoperatively. Knowledge of device use was restricted to the operating room personnel only; recovery room and ward nursing staff were not informed of device use and instructed to indicate such if a patient inquired. An independent and blinded data acquisition contractor assessed outcomes via components of the EPIC and IPSS. The primary outcome was categorical pad-free continence at 90-days and the secondary outcome was a Kaplan-Meier time-to pad-free continence at 90 days. 100 hypothermia and 99 control patients were included. The primary outcome of 90-day pad-free continence was 50.0% (27.8–70.0%) in the hypothermia group versus 59.2% (33.3–78.6%) in the control (p = 0.194). The secondary outcome of Kaplan Meier analysis for time to 90-day continence was not statistically significant. At one year, there were also no statistically significant differences in continence recovery. Post-hoc analysis revealed a trend towards improvement in continence in one of three sites. Overall, the trial demonstrated no benefit to regional hypothermia either in our primary or secondary outcomes. It is suggested that surgical technique and prevention of surgical trauma may be more advantageous to improving continence recovery.
Application of Wearable Inertial Sensors and A New Test Battery for Distinguishing Retrospective Fallers from Non-fallers among Community-dwelling Older People
Authors: Qiu Hai , Rehman Rana Zia Ur , Yu Xiaoqun , Xiong Shuping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConsidering the challenge of population ageing and the substantial health problem among the elderly population from falls, the purpose of this study was to verify whether it is possible to distinguish accurately between older fallers and non-fallers, based on data from wearable inertial sensors collected during a specially designed test battery. A comprehensive but practical test battery using 5 wearable inertial sensors for multifactorial fall risk assessment was designed. This was followed by an experimental study on 196 community-dwelling Korean older women, categorized as fallers (N1 = 82) and non-fallers (N2 = 114) based on prior history of falls. Six machine learning models (logistic regression, naïve bayes, decision tree, random forest, boosted tree and support vector machine) were proposed for faller classification. Results indicated that compared with non-fallers, fallers performed significantly worse on the test battery. In addition, the application of sensor data and support vector machine for faller classification achieved an overall accuracy of 89.4% with 92.7% sensitivity and 84.9% specificity. These findings suggest that wearable inertial sensor based systems show promise for elderly fall risk assessment, which could be implemented in clinical practice to identify “at-risk” individuals reliably to promote proactive fall prevention.
AutoImpute: Autoencoder based imputation of single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Talwar Divyanshu , Mongia Aanchal , Sengupta Debarka , Majumdar Angshul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe emergence of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies has enabled us to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes at single-cell resolution. However, insufficient quantities of starting RNA in the individual cells cause significant dropout events, introducing a large number of zero counts in the expression matrix. To circumvent this, we developed an autoencoder-based sparse gene expression matrix imputation method. AutoImpute, which learns the inherent distribution of the input scRNA-seq data and imputes the missing values accordingly with minimal modification to the biologically silent genes. When tested on real scRNA-seq datasets, AutoImpute performed competitively wrt., the existing single-cell imputation methods, on the grounds of expression recovery from subsampled data, cell-clustering accuracy, variance stabilization and cell-type separability.
Large magnetic anisotropy in chemically engineered iridium dimer
Authors: Liang Xiaoqing , Wu Xue , Hu Jun , Zhao Jijun , Zeng Xiao Cheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExploring giant magnetic anisotropy in small magnetic nanostructures is of technological merit for information storage. Large magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) over 50 meV in magnetic nanostructure is desired for practical applications. Here we show the possibility to boost the magnetic anisotropy of the smallest magnetic nanostructure—transition metal dimer. Through systematic first-principles calculations, we proposed an effective way to enhance the MAE of an iridium dimer from 77 meV to 223–294 meV by simply attaching a halogen atom at one end of the Ir–Ir bond. The underlying mechanism for the enormous MAE is attributed to the rearrangement of the molecular orbitals which alters the spin-orbit coupling Hamiltonian and hence the magnetic anisotropy. Our strategy can be generalized to design other magnetic molecules or clusters to obtain giant magnetic anisotropy.
GHWR, a multi-method global heatwave and warm-spell record and toolbox
Authors: Raei Ehsan , Nikoo Mohammad Reza , AghaKouchak Amir , Mazdiyasni Omid , Sadegh Mojtaba 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHeatwaves are extended periods of unusually high temperatures with significant societal and environmental impacts. Despite their significance, there is not a generalized definition for heatwaves. In this paper, we introduce a multi-method global heatwave and warm-spell data record and analysis toolbox (named GHWR). In addition to a comprehensive long-term global data record of heatwaves, GHWR allows processing and extracting heatwave records for any location efficiently. We use traditional constant temperature threshold methods, as well as spatially and temporally localized threshold approaches to identify heatwaves. GHWR includes binary (0/1) occurrence records of heatwaves/warm-spells, and annual summary files with detailed information on their frequency, duration, magnitude and amplitude. GHWR also introduces the standardized heat index (SHI) as a generalized statistical metric to identify heatwave/warm-spells. SHI has direct association with the probability distribution function of long-term daily temperatures for any given calendar day and spatial grid. Finally, GHWR offers a unique opportunity for users to select the type of heatwave/warm-spell information from a plethora of methods based on their needs and applications.