bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Experience in Design and Operation of Liquid‐Liquid Extraction Processes
Authors: Weber Manfred 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLiquid‐liquid (L/L) extraction is a standard unit operation in the phenol‐acetone process. Special applications are the extraction of phenol from process water and the removal of phenol from recycle cumene. Besides the standard equipment such as static mixers and horizontal settlers, centrifugal pumps are used for mixing and vertical settlers are operated for phase separation. This article covers some practical experience in design and operation with focus on using centrifugal pumps, maintain mass transfer in pipes and the design of vertical settlers. Gaps in knowledge about various phenomena such as the mass transfer in turbulent L/L pipe flow are pointed out.
A unique kinesin‐like protein, Klp8, is involved in mitosis and cell morphology through microtubule stabilization
Authors: Kashiwazaki Jun , Yoneda Yumi , Mutoh Tadashi , Arai Ritsuko , Yoshida Minoru , Mabuchi Issei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKinesins are microtubule (MT)‐based motors involved in various cellular functions including intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles, and dynamics of chromosomes during cell division. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe expresses nine kinesin‐like proteins (klps). Klp8 is one of them and has not been characterized yet though it has been reported to localize at the division site. Here, we studied function and localization of Klp8 in S. pombe cells. The gene klp8+ was not essential for both viability and cytoskeletal organization. Klp8‐YFP was concentrated as medial cortical dots during interphase, and organized into a ring at the division site during mitosis. The Klp8 ring seemed to be localized in the space between the actomyosin contractile ring and the plasma membrane. The Klp8 ring shrank as cytokinesis proceeded. In klp8‐deleted (Δ) cells, the speed of spindle elongation during anaphase B was slowed down. Overproduction of Klp8 caused bent or elongated cells, in which MTs were abnormally elongated and less dynamic than those in normal cells. Deletion of klp8+ gene suppressed the delay in mitotic entry in blt1Δ cells. These results suggest that Klp8 is involved in mitosis and cell morphology through MT stabilization.
Scrippsiella acuminata versus Scrippsiella ramonii: A Physiological Comparison
Authors: Fagín Elena , Bravo Isabel , Garrido José Luis , Rodríguez Francisco , Figueroa Rosa I. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractScrippsiella is a cosmopolitan dinoflagellate genus that is able to form Harmful Algal Blooms in coastal waters. The large physiological, morphological, and genetic variability that characterizes this genus suggest the existence of cryptic species. In this study, flow cytometric analyses were carried out to compare the cell cycle and life cycle of two Scrippsiella strains from two different species: Scrippsiella ramonii (VGO1053) and Scrippsiella acuminata (S3V). Both species were also investigated by internally transcribed spacer rDNA sequencing and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐based pigment analyses. The reddish‐brown color of S. acuminata and yellowish‐green hue of S. ramonii were consistent with the quantitative differences determined in their pigment profiles. Our results indicate that the cell cycle is light‐controlled and that it differs in the two species. S‐phase was detected during the light period in both, whereas the G2/M phase occurred during the light period in S. ramonii but under dark conditions in S. acuminata. The detection of 4C stages, mobile zygotes (planozygotes), and resting cysts in S. ramonii (nonclonal) provided convincing evidence of sexuality in this species. Sexual related processes were not found in the clonal S. acuminata strain, suggesting its heterothallic behavior (i.e., the need for outcrossing). The differences in the genome size of these species were examined as well. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Cytologic features of pancreatobiliary neoplasm of duodenum
Authors: Kim David , Giorgadze Tamara , Goyal Abha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSmall intestinal adenomas are uncommon. Majority of these occur in the region of the ampulla of Vater. Adenomas of the ampulla can be further subdivided into two types—intestinal and pancreatobiliary. While intestinal adenomas are more frequent, pancreatobiliary adenomas are rare. There is limited literature regarding the role of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in the diagnosis of ampullary/peri‐ampullary neoplasms. Here, we describe the cytologic features of a pancreatobiliary neoplasm of the duodenum that was sampled by EUS‐FNA. The aspirate was cellular and revealed cells with moderately abundant oncocytic cytoplasm. The nuclei were round with fine chromatin and focally prominent nucleoli. Although the concurrent biopsy showed no high‐grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma, the EUS and imaging findings were highly suspicious for invasion. A broad differential diagnosis is under consideration for a duodenal mass that encompasses neoplasms of the biliary tract, pancreas, duodenum, and ampulla of Vater. To our knowledge, cytologic features of a pancreatobiliary neoplasm of the duodenum have not been previously reported. Our case highlights the features seen on cytology with histologic correlation in the hopes of elucidating features to better characterize these lesions.
Parasitism and alternative reproductive tactics in Northern chamois
Authors: Corlatti Luca , Lorenzetti Chiara , Bassano Bruno 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), discrete phenotypic variations evolved to maximize fitness, may entail different cost‐benefit trade‐offs. In large mammals, differences in costs associated with ARTs—including energy expenditure and parasite infection—are typically greatest during the breeding season. Nonetheless, physiological and behavioral differences between ARTs can manifest throughout the year, possibly involving costs that may contribute to maintain ARTs within populations. Using the number of nematode larvae per gram of feces (LPG) as a proxy, we explored the temporal changes in lung parasite infection in territorial and nonterritorial male chamois Rupicapra in the Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy), between 2011 and 2012. We aimed to identify which tactic‐specific physiological and behavioral features (including age, hormonal levels, inter‐ and intrasexual interactions, and space use) or climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) best explained yearly variation in parasite infection within and between ARTs. Generalized additive mixed models showed that the fecal larval counts of lung nematodes underwent strong temporal changes in both male types. Differences between ARTs (with higher LPG values in territorial than nonterritorial males) were greatest during the rut and—to a lesser extent—in spring, respectively, at the peak and at the onset of territoriality. The difference in LPG between tactics was largely explained by the greater levels of hormone metabolites in territorial males during the rut. The other variables did not contribute significantly to explain the different shedding of larvae within and between ARTs. Our analysis suggests that different values of LPG between territorial and nonterritorial males are largely a result of tactic‐specific differences in the secretion of hormone metabolites, but only during the rut. To clarify whether rut‐related parasitism contributes to the maintenance of ARTs, tactic‐specific life history trade‐offs, for example, between reproduction and parasite‐related mortality, must be investigated.
The potential importance of unburned islands as refugia for the persistence of wildlife species in fire‐prone ecosystems
Authors: Steenvoorden Jasper , Meddens Arjan J. H. , Martinez Anthony J. , Foster Lee J. , Kissling W. Daniel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The persistence of wildlife species in fire‐prone ecosystems is under increasing pressure from global change, including alterations in fire regimes caused by climate change. However, unburned islands might act to mitigate negative effects of fire on wildlife populations by providing habitat in which species can survive and recolonize burned areas. Nevertheless, the characteristics of unburned islands and their role as potential refugia for the postfire population dynamics of wildlife species remain poorly understood.

We used a newly developed unburned island database of the northwestern United States from 1984 to 2014 to assess the postfire response of the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a large gallinaceous bird inhabiting the sagebrush ecosystems of North America, in which wildfires are common. Specifically, we tested whether prefire and postfire male attendance trends at mating locations (leks) differed between burned and unburned areas, and to what extent postfire habitat composition at multiple scales could explain such trends.

Using time‐series of male counts at leks together with spatially explicit fire history information, we modeled whether male attendance was negatively affected by fire events. Results revealed that burned leks often exhibit sustained decline in male attendance, whereas leks within unburned islands or >1.5 km away from fire perimeters tend to show stable or increasing trends.

Analyses of postfire habitat composition further revealed that sagebrush vegetation height within 0.8 km around leks, as well elevation within 0.8 km, 6.4 km, and 18 km around leks, had a positive effect on male attendance trends. Moreover, the proportion of the landscape with cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) cover >8% had negative effects on male attendance trends within 0.8 km, 6.4 km, and 18 km of leks, respectively.

Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that maintaining areas of unburned vegetation within and outside fire perimeters may be crucial for sustaining sage‐grouse populations following wildfire. The role of unburned islands as fire refugia requires more attention in wildlife management and conservation planning because their creation, protection, and maintenance may positively affect wildlife population dynamics in fire‐prone ecosystems.
Hospital length of stay among older people treated with flexible and integrative psychiatric service models in Germany
Authors: Ignatyev Yuriy , Mundt Adrian P. , von Peter Sebastian , Heinze Martin 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveSince 2012, a new law (§64b, Book V of the Social Security Code [SGB V]) regulates the implementation of flexible and integrative psychiatric treatment projects (FIT64b) in Germany. FIT64b allows rapid discharge of patients from inpatient to outpatient settings and cost reductions of hospital stays. Several psychiatric centres exclusively provide FIT64b; others provide FIT64b alongside with standard health care. The aim of the study was to assess the average hospital length of stay (AHLS) of older patients with mental illness included in FIT64b projects.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted using administrative data from eight German mental health centres providing FIT64b. The effects of gender, age, type of centre, and main diagnosis on AHLS were calculated for all older patients with age 65 years or older (n = 3495) treated in FIT64b in the year 2016. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and robust multiway procedures.ResultsThe AHLS of older people with mental illness was 4.8 (SD = 11.5) days. The AHLS was shorter in centres exclusively providing FIT64b than in centres providing FIT64b alongside with standard health care: 3.2 (SD = 6.4) vs 8.4 (SD = 17.8) days, P = .001. This difference was particularly marked among patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, mood disorders, and neurotic, stress‐related, and somatoform disorders.ConclusionsFIT64b relates to very short AHLS even among older people. Centres using FIT64b alongside with standard health care usually provide standard care to most patients, which could lead to lower fidelity in the implementation of FIT64b.
Completion surgery after extracapsular dissection of low‐grade parotid gland malignant tumors
Authors: Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Mueller Sarina , Goncalves Miguel , Koch Michael , Iro Heinrich 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to compare the oncological and functional outcome between extracapsular dissection and completion surgery on the one hand and sole extracapsular dissection on the other hand in small low‐grade malignant parotid tumors.MethodsThe records of all patients treated for T1‐T2 low‐grade malignant tumors of the parotid gland primarily by means of extracapsular dissection between 2006 and 2015 were studied retrospectively.ResultsForty patients with T1‐T2 low‐grade parotid malignancies were detected. Our study showed outstanding oncological outcomes in both patient groups, the facial nerve function being significantly better after sole extracapsular dissection in the direct postoperative phase, with no differences between the groups in the long term.ConclusionsOur study showed very encouraging preliminary results following primary extracapsular dissection as the sole surgical therapy for carefully selected low‐stage, low‐grade, inferiorly located lesions in patients with high compliance.
Experiences of women veterans within the private sector: Examining the intersection of gender and veteran status
Authors: Hirudayaraj Malar , Clay Chanty 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis research examines the experiences of women veterans in the private sector through a critical feminist lens. Specifically, we investigated how gender and veteran status intersect to influence the experiences and career outcomes of women veterans within the private sector. Our qualitative inquiry indicated that the reality of being a veteran in a civilian work environment was problematized by their gender identity. In the male dominant private sector work environment with specific expectations of femininity, the military background of the women led to them to be perceived as being not “woman enough.” They were not “veteran enough” either as their identity as a woman prevented them from being regarded on par with male veterans. The intersectionality of two marginalized identities within the private sector left women veterans feeling disregarded, underutilized, and restricted from growing in their careers. Based on our findings we advocate for an agentic role for HRD professionals within organizations whereby they can work toward changing organizational systems and practices that obstruct purposeful utilization of the skills and work experience of women veterans.
Experimental investigation on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a smooth tube with different twisted tape inserts
Authors: Gugulothu Santhosh Kumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExperiments are performed to investigate the impact of inserts (TTI, TBI, and TBHI) accompanied by different twist ratios (ie, y/w = 3.69, 4.39, and 5.25) with uniform heat flux condition to study the performance characteristics of pressure drop, rate of heat flow, and heat transfer enhancement. Experiments were carried out on different twisted tape inserts in a turbulent flow regime by choosing suitable Reynolds number between 3100 and 39 000. A plain tube is tested and compared with the empirical correlations and are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. In the case of twisted tape inserts stronger swirl flow is observed along the length of the tube. The variation of reduction in pressure along the length of tube and heat flux in the form of the friction factor and Nusselt number are represented graphically. Thermal performance factor tends to increase with a decrease in the taper twist ratio. The maximum enhancement in Nusselt number and friction factor was found to be in the case of TBI and TBHI. Experimental results are justified and are found to be reliable and accurate with the analytical results, with ±5% and ±4.2% deviation for Dittus‐Boelter and Petukhov correlation in the case of Nusselt number and ±7.2% deviation, respectively, for loss in the friction.
Retracted: Randomized controlled trial of N‐acetylcysteine versus l‐carnitine among women with clomiphene‐citrate‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: El Sharkwy Ibrahim A. , Abd El Aziz Walled M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare clinical and metabolic profiles between N‐acetylcysteine and l‐carnitine among women with clomiphene citrate (CC)‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsA randomized trial at Zagazig University between January 2017 and March 2018. Women with CC‐resistant PCOS were allocated randomly to receive CC plus N‐acetylcysteine or CC plus l‐carnitine. The primary outcome was clinical pregnancy rate; secondary outcomes were ovulation rate and metabolic changes.ResultsOverall, 162 women completed the study (N‐acetylcysteine group, n=82; l‐carnitine group, n=80). After 3 months, there was no difference in pregnancy (P=0.15), ovulation (P=0.21), or spontaneous abortion (P=0.11) rates between the two groups. There was no significant decrease in BMI in either group (both P>0.05). There were improvements in menstrual pattern, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, free testosterone, and insulin resistance markers in both groups (all P<0.05). An improvement in lipid profile was observed only in the l‐carnitine group (P<0.001). N‐Acetylcysteine treatment led to significantly greater improvement in free testosterone and insulin resistance parameters as compared with l‐carnitine (all P<0.05).ConclusionsBoth N‐acetylcysteine and l‐carnitine were equally effective in improving pregnancy and ovulation rates among women with CC‐resistant PCOS. However, N‐acetylcysteine was superior in ameliorating insulin resistance and only l‐carnitine improved lipid profile.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03164421.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of thermal coagulation compared with cryotherapy to treat precancerous cervical lesions in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: de Fouw Marlieke , Oosting Roos Marieke , Rutgrink Amy , Dekkers Olaf Matthijs , Peters Alexander Arnold Willem , Beltman Jogchum Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThermal coagulation is gaining popularity for treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in screening programs in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) due to unavailability of cryotherapy.ObjectivesAssess the effectiveness of thermal coagulation for treatment of CIN lesions compared with cryotherapy, with a focus on LMICs.Search strategyPapers were identified from previous reviews and electronic literature search in February 2018 with publication date after 2010.Selection criteriaPublications with original data evaluating cryotherapy or thermal coagulation with proportion of cure as outcome, assessed by colposcopy, biopsy, cytology, and/or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and minimum 6 months follow‐up.Data collection and analysisPooled proportions of cure are presented stratified per treatment modality, type of lesion, and region.Main resultsPooled cure proportions for cryotherapy and thermal coagulation, respectively, were 93.8% (95% CI, 88.5–97.7) and 91.4% (95% CI, 84.9–96.4) for CIN 1; 82.6% (95% CI, 77.4–87.3) and 91.6% (95% CI, 88.2–94.5) for CIN 2–3; and 92.8% (95% CI, 85.6–97.7) and 90.1% (95% CI, 87.0–92.8) for VIA‐positive lesions. For thermal coagulation of CIN 2–3 lesions in LMICs 82.4% (95% CI, 75.4–88.6).ConclusionsBoth cryotherapy and thermal coagulation are effective treatment modalities for CIN lesions in LMICs.
Effectiveness of Field Water Tube for Standardization of Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) Method of Water Management in Lowland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)
Authors: Jalindar Mote Kishor , Praveen Rao V. , Ramulu V. , Avil Kumar K. , Uma Devi M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA field study was conducted to discover the effectiveness of a field water tube as a practical indicator for water management in lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The field water tube was of 40 cm length and 15 cm in diameter so that the groundwater table could be easily visible. This tube with perforations was inserted into the ground until 20 cm protruded above soil level. It enabled monitoring of the water level inside the tube as and when the ponded water level drops to a certain permissible level, i.e. 5–15 cm‐surface. Practical indicators used in the experiment to find out the effectiveness of the field water tube were water stress parameters, viz. soil penetration resistance, soil crack width, soil siltation depth and days needed for ponded water to drop to a designated level in the field water tube. Field trials revealed that with 5 cm submergence depth and a threshold of 5 or 10 cm water depth below the ground level in the field the water tube was found to be a safe alternate wetting and drying practice in view of the higher yield (7060–7210 kg ha−1), considerable water saving (26.6–35.0%) and higher water productivity (1.15–1.27 kg m−3). © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Markers of oxidative‐nitrosative stress induced by artesunate are followed by clastogenic and aneugenic effects and apoptosis in human lymphocytes
Authors: Mota Tatiane C. , Garcia Tarcyane B. , Bonfim Laís T. , Portilho Adrhyann J. S. , Pinto Camila A. , Burbano Rommel M. R. , de Oliveira Bahia Marcelo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArtesunate (ARS) is a semi‐synthetic derivative of artemisinin, used as an outstanding antimalarial drug, which also displays antitumor, anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. In spite of the numerous reports showing the antitumor activity of ARS, the particular mechanisms associated with its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in non‐neoplastic human cells remain unclear. Here we aimed to verify the specific chromosome damages and the changes in markers of oxidative‐nitrosative stress and apoptosis triggered by ARS exposure in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Cultures were incubated in the presence of ARS and the number of binucleated cells was determined. To discriminate between micronuclei (MN) containing a whole chromosome or an acentric chromosome, the MN test was employed in combination with the fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. Alterations in the levels of superoxide anion (O2−) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by the nitroblue tetrazolium and Griess assay, respectively. Changes in the expression of the apoptotic markers were assessed by immunocytochemistry. We found that ARS induced a significant formation of both centromere‐positive MN (C+ MN) and centromere‐negative MN (C– MN). These alterations were accompanied by an increase in both cellular levels of O2− and total NO production, and a remarkable enhancement in the expression of the apoptotic markers cytochrome c and caspases 8 and 9. Together these findings reveal that ARS induces changes in the oxidative‐nitrosative status of human lymphocytes, which are followed by apoptosis and clastogenic and aneugenic effects.