bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous assessment of cerebral glucose and oxygen metabolism and perfusion in rats using interleaved deuterium (2H) and oxygen‐17 (17O) MRS
Authors: Zhang Guangle , Jenkins Parker , Zhu Wei , Chen Wei , Zhu Xiao‐Hong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCerebral glucose and oxygen metabolism and blood perfusion play key roles in neuroenergetics and oxidative phosphorylation to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy molecules in supporting cellular activity and brain function. Their impairments have been linked to numerous brain disorders. This study aimed to develop an in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) method capable of simultaneously assessing and quantifying the major cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRGlc) and oxygen (CMRO2) consumption, lactate formation (CMRLac), and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (VTCA); cerebral blood flow (CBF); and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) via a single dynamic MRS measurement using an interleaved deuterium (2H) and oxygen‐17 (17O) MRS approach. We introduced a single‐loop multifrequency radio‐frequency (RF) surface coil that can be used to acquire proton (1H) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or interleaved low‐γ X‐nuclei 2H and 17O MRS. By combining this RF coil with a modified MRS pulse sequence, 17O‐isotope‐labeled oxygen gas inhalation, and intravenous 2H‐isotope‐labeled glucose administration, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of simultaneously and quantitatively measuring six important physiological parameters, CMRGlc, CMRO2, CMRLac, VTCA, CBF, and OEF, in rat brains at 16.4 T. The interleaved 2H–17O MRS technique should be readily adapted to image and study cerebral energy metabolism and perfusion in healthy and diseased brains.
Adaptive Neural Delay Feedback Control of a Typical Robot on a Slope
Authors: Ji Mingyue , Sun Zhongkui , Pan Kunpeng , Pan Quan , Lyu Yang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, an adaptive neural delay feedback control strategy is proposed for the motion control of a two‐wheel self‐balancing robot (TWSBR) on a slope with an input delay. Based on the Lagrange equation, the dynamic model of the robot is derived. Given a target trajectory vector, the corresponding error system is obtained. An input delay and uncertainties are considered. First, the system with an input delay is transformed into a delay‐free one. Second, a quadratic performance optimization criterion is defined, and a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is designed to minimize the error between the system's state vector and the target vector. Thirdly, an integral sliding mode controller is added to the LQR controller to enhance the system's robustness. To reduce the “chattering” phenomenon, an adaptive neural delay feedback control scheme is developed based on the adaptive learning of the uncertainties' upper bound by a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). It is demonstrated that a relaxation process exists at the beginning of the upslope motion. As the input delay increases, the swing range of the center of gravity of the pendulum expands. The angle can converge to the steady state more quickly, but the relaxation time is still 0.031 s which has nothing to do with the input delay. An example of the back‐and‐forth motion of a TWSBR on a slope can verify an excellent agreement between theoretical analysis and numerical results.
Effect of Films on In‐Mold Decoration and Microcellular Foaming Injection Molding Parts: Cell Structure, Surface, Warpage, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhao Jialong , Zhao Feng , Feng Tao , Yan Kui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe in‐mold decoration and microcellular foaming injection molding (IMD‐MIM) process was proposed to solve the apparent quality problem of polypropylene in microcellular foaming injection molding. Based on physical experiments and finite element simulation, stainless steel (ST) and polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) decorative films were selected for analysis, and the influence of the type and thickness of the decorative films on the cell structure, surface morphology, warpage deformation, and mechanical properties was revealed. The results show that the surface quality of the samples coated is significantly improved, and the asymmetric temperature field caused by the films changes the structure and distribution of the cells. The cell density on the coated side is higher than that on the non‐coated side, and the average cell diameter is smaller, and the foam core layer is shifted to the coated side. The warpage caused by ST film is larger, up to 2.836 mm. With the intervention of ST film and PET film, the impact properties of the samples have little change, but the tensile and flexural properties of the foamed samples have been effectively improved. The tensile strength increased by 28.6% and 25.9%, while the flexural strength increased by 28.6% and 28.1%, respectively. This study provides new insights into the comprehensive optimization of the structure and performance of polypropylene microcellular foaming materials and provides support for the development and application of lightweight materials in the future.
Preparation and properties of polytetrafluoroethylene/zinc oxide antibacterial filaments
Authors: Guo Yangfeng , Zhang Tingting , Ding Kangjia , Wang Dongfang , Li Qian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe potential of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) products as surgical dressings is considerable, yet their absence of antibacterial properties substantially restricts their medical applications. To enhance the utility of PTFE in the medical sector, this research loaded nano zinc oxide (ZnO) particles into the PTFE filament matrix through a wet spinning process. This approach successfully yielded PTFE/ZnO composite filaments with antibacterial properties. The characterization results of the filaments show that when the mass ratio of PTFE to ZnO is 8:1, the filament has the best mechanical performance with a tensile strength of 6.78 MPa and an elongation at break of 274.46%. At the same time, composite antibacterial filaments under different process conditions show excellent antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with an antibacterial rate of over 99%. The excellent mechanical properties ensure the ability to further process single filaments, which can be woven into fabrics, textiles, and various other products. Therefore, the composite antibacterial filaments with excellent comprehensive performance prepared in this study are expected to be applied in the field of medical fabrics.Highlights
Provide new solution ideas for functional PTFE composite filaments preparation.
The prepared PTFE/ZnO composite filament has good acid and alkali resistance as well as excellent antibacterial properties, which is expected to broaden the application field of PTFE filaments.
Utilizing a combination of experimental and machine learning methods to predict and correlate between accelerated and natural aging of CFRP/AL adhesive joints under hygrothermal conditions
Authors: Karimi Sajjad , Yu Jianyong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates how carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)‐to‐aluminum adhesive joints behave under accelerated aging conditions with hygrothermal exposure and compares these findings against naturally aged samples to evaluate material reliability in challenging environments. The CFRP‐to‐aluminum adhesive joints were manufactured and subjected to natural aging for durations ranging from 1 to 3 years with 6‐month intervals, as well as accelerated aging (hygrothermal) for periods ranging from 100 to 1200 h, with intervals of 50 h. Subsequently, the mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated using a three‐point bending test. To forecast natural aging times from accelerated aging data, five machine learning models were utilized: artificial neural network, support vector regression, linear regression, polynomial regression, and random forest regression. Hygrothermal aging significantly degraded the matrix, causing a shift in failure modes from cohesive to mixed types (cohesive, adhesive, and fiber tear failures), leading to a notable decline in bending strength. The study observed a 23.13% strength reduction in samples aged naturally for 3 years and a 24.33% decrease in those subjected to 1000 h of accelerated aging. The random forest regressor demonstrated superior accuracy in predicting natural aging times across different accelerated aging periods. Through the application of machine learning models, this study introduces a novel approach to forecast natural aging durations using data from accelerated aging experiments. This method shows potential for optimizing joints and composite structures, ultimately improving their durability and minimizing the likelihood of failures during operational use.Highlights
Studied hygrothermal effects on accelerated aging of carbon fiber reinforced polymer/Aluminum (AL) adhesive joints.
Noted strength reduction from hygrothermal aging.
Used five machine learning models; random forest regression had the highest accuracy.
Analyzed correlation between natural and accelerated aging of dissimilar adhesive joints.
Reinforcement and toughening of the self‐piercing riveted bonded joints induced by the pre‐embedded adhesive in rivet cavities
Authors: Liu Jianpeng , Xue Zhigang , Guo Pengcheng , Xu Congchang , Li Luoxing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSelf‐piercing riveted bonded (SPRB) joints are widely used in body‐in‐white (BIW) to connect dissimilar materials owing to their high fatigue and electrochemical performance. However, the strength of the SPRB joint has been found to be inferior to that of self‐piercing riveted (SPR) joints, owing to the reduction in undercut induced by the introduction of an adhesive, especially under pull‐out loading conditions. Interestingly, the mechanical strength improved when the rivet cavity was pre‐embedded with an adhesive. Before the riveting process, the rivet cavities in SPRB joints were pre‐embedded with 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 mL of adhesive, namely them PSPRB‐V1–V3, respectively. Finite element (FE) models of SPRB and PSPRB joints were developed to analyze their formability and mechanical properties. The simulated and experimental results showed that the hydraulic pressure in the rivet cavity increased as the pre‐embedded adhesive volume in the rivet cavity increased during the riveting process, which further improved the undercut, microhardness, effective bearing area, and mechanical properties of joints. Among the prepared PSPRB joints, the PSPRB‐V3 joint exhibited the best undercut and optimal mechanical properties. Specifically, its undercut and peak force increased by 16.43% and 12.87% compared with those of SPRB joints. These findings provide important guidance for designing steel‐aluminum SPRB joints that require high‐bearing capabilities.Highlights
The effect of pre‐embedded adhesive on the SPRB joint cross‐section was studied.
Failure mechanisms of the SPRB and PSPRB joints were investigated via FEM.
The better PSPRB joint performance over SPRB joints was elucidated.
The stress–strain history was considered in the FE model of the joint failure process.
Strengthening mechanism of pre‐embedded adhesive in the rivet cavity was discussed.
Flexible silane‐functionalized boron nitride filled polymer composite with high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation
Authors: Xu Jiahao , Yang Xinze , Zhang Chunhua , Hu Zexuan , Zhang Jiajing , Xia Liangjun , Ji Hua , Li Jianquan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBoron nitride (BN) has excellent thermal conductivity (TC), however, it exhibits high surface energy, strong chemical inertness, poor interface compatibility with polymer matrices, and difficulty in even dispersion within‐polymer matrix, preventive effective construction of TC pathways. Four kinds of modified boron nitride/polyurethane composites (BTPUC) were prepared by different silane‐functionalized BN with polyurethane (TPU). Among them, 3‐trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate (TMSPMA)‐functionalized BN demonstrated better interface compatibility with TPU, significantly improving the mechanical properties and TC of the composites compared to the other three functionalized BN addition. The BN@TMSPMA/PU exhibited good TC and mechanical properties, with a TC of 0.865 W/mK, a tensile stress and a tensile strain of 9.65 ± 1.40 MPa and 759.88 ± 67.93%, respectively. It also showed good electrical insulation properties and mechanical durability. Therefore, the as‐prepared BN@TMSPMA/PU have broad prospects as flexible thermal‐management materials.Highlights
The composites are constructed by TMSPMA‐modified BN and polyurethane by NIPS.
The composites show good mechanical properties and cyclic failure resistance.
The composites exhibit good thermal conductivity and electrical insulation.
The influence of cavitation radicals on the suspension polymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate during ultrasonic emulsification
Authors: Roshchin D. E. , Torkunov M. K. , Shiyanova K. A. , Patlazhan S. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe influence of cavitation‐generated free radicals on the suspension polymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate under ultrasonic irradiation was investigated experimentally and by kinetic modeling. A kinetic model of radical polymerization was proposed, considering the interaction of free radicals generated in cavitation bubbles with both monomer molecules and free radicals formed within the monomer droplets. It was found that the primary contribution to the polymerization acceleration come from cavitation radicals generated inside the monomer droplets, whereas the impact of cavitation radicals formed in the dispersion medium decreases as the fraction of monomer in the mixture decreases. Increasing the concentration of cavitation radicals was shown to lead to a reduction in the average chain length and the dispersity of terminated chains. It was demonstrated that the computational results are in good agreement with experimental data.Highlights
Kinetic model for suspension polymerization in ultrasonic field is proposed.
Impact of cavitation radicals on suspension polymerization kinetics is studied.
Chain length and dispersity decrease with increasing amount of cavitation radicals.
Outdoor Performance Monitoring Method for Degradation Studies of Perovskite Modules
Authors: Bovesecchi Gianluigi , Petitta Marcello , Pierro Marco , Agresti Antonio , Pescetelli Sara , Leonardi Enrico , Di Carlo Aldo , Cornaro Cristina 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an outdoor performance monitoring method for degradation studies of perovskite modules, focusing on a large‐area perovskite module (81.9 cm2) over a long‐term monitoring campaign. The module underwent an industrial lamination process to prevent long‐term degradation from environmental factors. The characterization procedure involved degradation correction and determining the temperature coefficients and electrical parameters of the module using initial days of measurements. The results demonstrated temperature coefficients for Isc, Voc, and Pm (α′, β′, and γ) of −0.071%·K−1, −0.119%·K−1, and −0.113%·K−1, respectively, indicating a minimal temperature influence on this technology compared with conventional ones. Using this coefficient, the STC electrical parameters were retrieved from 1‐min power output data, resolving the uncertainty of the indoor/outdoor IV curve measurements caused by the curve scan direction (JV hysteresis effect). We also highlight the initial remarkable capacity recovery effect of almost 16% during the first 2 days of operation. Additionally, a procedure that includes the IV curves analysis taken every 10 min and their translation to standard conditions has been implemented to evaluate the degradation of the module over the long‐term outdoor campaign. The results show three different trends over the period.
Test Smart, Treat Smart‐using clinician feedback to adapt a catheter‐associated urinary tract infection intervention for spinal cord injury
Authors: Touchett Hilary , Arredondo Kelley , Hines‐Munson Casey , Poon Ivy , Holmes Sally Ann , Trautner Barbara W. , Skelton Felicia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundCatheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention is a major target for hospital quality metrics because it is linked to increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Health care systems use strict protocols surrounding catheterization and maintenance, which often disregard the clinical needs of special populations (eg, spinal cord injury [SCI]). However, for populations that rely on chronic instrumentation of the bladder, asymptomatic (ie, nonpathogenic) bacterial colonization in the bladder is common but not linked to adverse outcomes. Additionally, alterations in neurologic and sensory function after SCI make it difficult for clinicians to discern asymptomatic bacteriuria from acute urinary tract infection requiring antibiotics. Institutional policies for screening urine during SCI annual exams often lead to detection of bacteriuria but create a clinical decision‐making challenge when determining whether antibiotic treatment is appropriate.ObjectiveTo conduct preimplementation SCI‐focused adaptations to the evidence‐based practice (EBP) “Kicking CAUTI”—to develop a guide for SCI providers surrounding testing and treatment of CAUTI.MethodsFour 1‐hour focus groups were conducted with SCI clinicians (prescribers and nursing staff) to assess insights on needed modifications to adapt Kicking CAUTI for SCI. The Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence‐based Implementation Strategies (FRAME‐IS) was used to plan and report adaptations in this work and the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i‐PARIHS) framework to guide adaptation of the EBP for the SCI population. Content and thematic analysis guided our process.ResultsThe clinical algorithm was simplified, a urinary symptom assessment added, and provider‐ and patient‐facing educational materials were developed to support implementation efforts to create the Test Smart Treat Smart Intervention.ConclusionsTraditional CAUTI protocols do not adequately address the needs of those with SCI and modifications are needed. Provider feedback provides valuable insights when adapting population appropriate interventions.
Exploring Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Using Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Sivan Aswathi K. , Galán‐González Alejandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHydrogen fuel produced from water splitting using sunlight remains one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources. However, photoelectrochemical hydrogen production faces several challenges, including poor sunlight absorption, deficient charge carrier lifetime and transfer rates, and very sluggish kinetics of the water oxidation half‐reaction. To address these challenges, researchers have concentrated on enhancing the efficiency of photoelectrochemical water splitting. A critical factor in this enhancement is a deeper understanding of the fundamental processes involved in photoabsorption and the subsequent oxidation evolution reaction. The advent of ultrafast lasers has enabled the detailed tracking of charge carriers within materials after sunlight absorption, including their separation and migration to the surface for water oxidation. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy is a powerful technique that allows real‐time observation of the behavior of excited states and charge carriers on femtosecond to nanosecond timescales. Recent studies utilizing ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy are explored to investigate the dynamics of charge carriers in photoelectrochemical water splitting, providing insights into the mechanisms that lead to the design of enhanced photoanodes with improved efficiency.
Respiratory manifestations of pediatric granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A 12‐year experience from a tertiary care facility
Authors: Sridhar Shilpa , Akoghlanian Shoghik , Krivchenia Katelyn 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesPediatric granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is associated with several pulmonary manifestations. This study aims to describe these manifestations at time of diagnosis and longitudinally at a tertiary‐care pediatric hospital.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients with GPA treated at our facility between 1 January 2010 through 31 December 2021. We collected baseline demographics, reported symptoms, imaging findings, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and laboratory data at time of diagnosis. Data were collected using 6‐month observation intervals to follow recurrence of respiratory manifestations, testing during recurrence, and resultant treatment modifications.ResultsOf 13 patients treated for GPA during the study period, 12 developed respiratory tract involvement. A total of 87 6‐month observation periods were analyzed. At time of diagnosis, 83% (10/12) of subjects reported respiratory symptoms, 92% (11/12) had abnormal chest computed tomography (CT) imaging, and 42% (5/12) had abnormal PFTs. Fewer than half of the patients were seen by pulmonology within 6 months of diagnosis. Eight subjects (75%) had respiratory manifestations during subsequent observation periods. Chest CT or PFTs were obtained in 23/44 (52%) of observations periods with respiratory symptoms, with pulmonary consultation in only 9/44 (20%).ConclusionsThis is the first US study to describe respiratory manifestations in pediatric GPA patients longitudinally, finding they are common and frequently recurrent. Our cohort had almost universally abnormal imaging at diagnosis regardless of respiratory symptoms. Early collaboration with pediatric pulmonology in the care of GPA patients may allow rheumatology teams to efficiently evaluate recurrent symptoms and address concomitant lung disease.
Intelligent Generative Models for Quantum Neural Networks
Authors: Ding Xiaodong , Xiong Qibing , Xu Jinchen , Liu Fudong , Qiu Junling , Zhu Yu , Hou Yifan , Shan Zheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe potential of quantum neural networks (QNN) for applications in several fields has been widely demonstrated, but hyperparameter selection remains a technical challenge. The complexity of combinatorial optimization rises dramatically as the dimensionality of the hyperparameter space increases, making hyperparameter selection exceptionally complex. Traditional manual trial‐and‐error methods are both time‐consuming and expensive. To break through this bottleneck, the Ansatz structure set is proposed and the Hyperband algorithm is utilized to combine the structure set with the stacking number and algorithmic hyperparameters to propose the Hyperband‐QNN model. The model can intelligently generate QNN according to the actual data features, and in practical applications in many fields such as medicine and agriculture, it performs well compared with the traditional machine learning algorithms as well as the quantum algorithms QSVM and QKNN, and when it is used to deal with the large‐scale data, the efficiency advantage becomes more obvious with the increase of the number of samples. This not only proves the advantages of Hyperband‐QNN model in practical applications but also provides useful exploration and reference for the integration of traditional algorithms and quantum algorithms in practical problems and the play of their respective advantages.