bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sphinx
Authors: López-Ruiz Carolina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The sphinx is a hybrid creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human, with the most common variant in the falcon-headed griffins. This chapter traces the trajectory of the sphinx in the Near East and its spread from the Levant to the Aegean and the western Mediterranean, where the winged, female-headed sphinx became inseparable from orientalizing iconography influenced by Phoenician motifs. Despite its popularity in multiple artistic media, sphinxes do not have an extensive mythological life outside the famous Oedipus myth from Greek sources, where the monster acts as a ‘plague’ and a guardian of the empty throne in Thebes. The sphinx’s iconography reveals a broader symbolic realm, however, as a protective hybrid associated with royalty, sacred spaces, and the funerary world, with an added ambivalent, malignant twist illustrated by images of youth-snatching and in the amulets from Arslan-Tash in Syria.
The Minotaur
Authors: Trzaskoma Stephen M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the Minotaur. A central component of the myths of the Athenian hero Theseus, this half-man, half-bull creature is well attested in ancient art and literature across many centuries, media, and genres. The evidence for the narrative components of the tale and its representation is surveyed from the earliest period to trace its development in Greek poetic and prose texts, as well as in later Roman testimonies. Particular attention is paid to rationalized accounts of the monster—those in which fantastic details are transformed through explanations that accord with real-world experience—and to the appearance of the Minotaur in artistic representations. The chapter closes with consideration of the monster’s most obvious feature—its hybridity—and its/his unusual place among Greek mythical monsters between human and beast.
Monsters in Ancient Near Eastern Myth and Religion
Authors: Richey Madadh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Monsters are characteristic of ancient Near (or Middle) Eastern visual art and texts from before the rise of writing (c.3000 bce) to the Hellenistic conquests and beyond. This chapter considers hybrid beings as diverse and complex entities within their ancient Middle Eastern contexts—Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and the Levant—as well as influences on monsters of the Mediterranean world. Monumental art, magic amulets, Akkadian epics like Enūma eliš, Gilgamesh, and Anzû, and the Hebrew Bible are discussed with the goal of showing that (1) ancient Middle Eastern monsters frequently act as pets or guardians of gods and heroes, which complicates simplistic characterizations of monsters as chaos emblems; (2) though associated with the frontier, monsters were prominently incorporated into the iconography of central palaces, like those of the Assyrians; and (3) Mesopotamian monster-discourse influenced that of the Levant—the Phoenicians, Aramaeans, etc.—on its way to informing Greek and Roman articulations.
The Monstrous Animals and Animal Monsters of Ancient Greece
Authors: Kitchell Kenneth F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The ancient Greek world is populated with monsters, real and imagined, plausible or impossible, whose appearance is based on that of various common animals. This chapter identifies several categories into which monstrous animals can be divided and demonstrates that some occupy multiple categories at once. It then uses these categories to discuss the various aspects of these creatures that make them ‘monstrous’ when seen against the Greeks’ presuppositions concerning the natural world. Anomalies such as inappropriate size, behaviour, or appetite, and breaking the natural laws concerning the generation and composition of animals make them monsters. The chapter includes discussion of Aristotle’s ‘dualizers’ and thoughts on hybrids and their sterility. It will conclude by studying specific cases, including monsters that have their origin in a misunderstanding of the natural world, frequently that of far-off lands.
Managing Radical Uncertainty with Scenario Planning Techniques
Authors: Hodgkinson Gerard P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dating back to the classic work of economist Frank H. Knight in 1921, decision scientists routinely distinguish uncertainty from risk, based on the basic idea that, whereas risks are quantifiable in terms of their likelihoods of occurrence, uncertainties are not quantifiable in such probabilistic terms. It thus follows that the tools commonly employed for the analysis and management of risks are unsuitable for the analysis and management of uncertainties. Although uncertainties are inherently unquantifiable, they are, nonetheless, potentially manageable, and scenario planning, a set of narrative-based techniques, has been widely promulgated for this purpose. Despite their popularity, however, when viewed from the standpoint of behavioral strategy, an emerging interdisciplinary subfield at the interfaces of strategic management and the social and behavioral sciences, scenario techniques are grossly undertheorized, and there is a paucity of (high-quality) psychological evidence pertaining to their efficacy. Drawing selectively on recent advances in behavioral strategy, in particular the notion of dynamic managerial capabilities, this chapter reviews the limited body of psychological evidence accumulated with respect to these techniques and sets out an agenda for advancing the science and practice of scenario planning as a basis for managing better the many and varied uncertainties confronting organizational decision makers and policy makers.
Food choice mimicry on a large university campus
Authors: Gligorić Kristina , Chiolero Arnaud , Kıcıman Emre , White Ryen W , Horvitz Eric , West Robert 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Social influence is a strong determinant of food consumption, which in turn influences the environment and health. Purchasing mimicry, a phenomenon where a person copies another person’s purchases, has been identified as the key governing mechanism. Although consistent observations have been made on the role of purchasing mimicry in driving similarities in food consumption, much less is known about the precise prevalence, the affected subpopulations, and the food types most strongly associated with mimicry effects. Here, we study social influence on food choice through carefully designed causal analyses, leveraging the sequential nature of shop queues on a large university campus. In particular, we consider a large number of adjacent purchases where a focal user immediately follows another user (“partner”) in the checkout queue and both make a purchase. Across food additions purchased during lunchtime together with a meal, we find that the focal user is significantly more likely to purchase the food item when the partner buys the item, vs. when the partner does not, increasing the purchasing probability by 14% in absolute terms, or by 83% in relative terms. The effect is observed across all food types, but largest for condiments. Furthermore, purchasing mimicry is present across age, gender, and status subpopulations, but strongest for students and the youngest. We elucidate the behavioral mechanism of purchasing mimicry, and derive direct implications for interventions improving dietary behaviors on campus, such as facilitating preordering to reduce detrimental interactions.
Nationalist Erosion after Protest and Repression
Authors: Desposato Scott , Zurich Cal , Wu Jason Y 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The leaders of authoritarian regimes often invoke nationalist themes to garner support from their populations. However, negative experiences with the regime may effectively inoculate individuals against nationalist campaigns, reducing the ability of the regime to sway public opinion. In this paper, we study the long-term effects of mobilization and repression on nationalist attitudes. We exploit a discontinuity in exposure to a student movement, by comparing alumni who were in college and on campus during the movement with alumni who only enrolled after the movement was suppressed. We find that alumni who were in college during the movement are substantially less nationalistic than those who enrolled shortly thereafter. Our findings are consistent across a range of specifications and show that exposure to mass mobilization and state repression is associated with lower support for nationalism. These differences are observable more than twenty-five years later, despite sustained state censorship.
PP2C Phosphatase Pic6 Suppresses MAPK Activation and Disease Resistance in Tomato
Authors: Chakraborty Joydeep , Sobol Guy , Xia Fan , Zhang Ning , Martin Gregory B. , Sessa Guido 
Published: November 2024

Type 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are essential for regulating plant immune responses to pathogens. Our study focuses on the tomato PP2C-immunity associated candidate 6 (Pic6), elucidating its role in negatively regulating pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling pathways in tomato. Using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), we observed that treatment with microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs)—flg22 and flgII-28—significantly increased Pic6 mRNA levels in wild-type (RG-PtoR) tomato plants. Pic6 features a conserved N-terminal kinase-interacting motif (KIM) and a C-terminal PP2C domain. We produced variants of Pic6 with mutations in these regions, demonstrating their involvements in negatively regulating tomato immunity. Agrobacterium-mediated transient overexpression of Pic6 resulted in enhanced growth of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato ( Pst) strain DC3000Δ hopQ1-1 compared with a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) control. Additionally, Pic6 overexpression inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in response to flg22 and flgII-28 treatments. Importantly, Pic6 exhibited phosphatase activity and interacted with tomato Mkk1/Mkk2 proteins and dephosphorylated them in a KIM-dependent manner. Furthermore, we generated RG-pic6 loss-of-function mutants by CRISPR/Cas9, revealing that the absence of Pic6 heightened MAPK activity and increased resistance to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria strain 85-10 ( Xe 85-10) when compared with the wild-type (RG-PtoR) plants. Transcript analyses showed that after flg22/flgII-28 treatment, PTI-reporter genes NAC and Osmotin were significantly upregulated in RG-pic6 mutants in comparison to the wild-type (RG-PtoR) plants. Overall, our findings indicate that Pic6 acts as a negative regulator of MAPK signaling and plays a pivotal role in modulating tomato immunity against bacterial pathogens. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Genetic reduction of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase 1 abundance reveals that the refeeding‐induced reversal of elevated insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake after exercise is not attributable to achieving a high muscle glycogen concentration
Authors: Kwak Seong Eun , Wang Haiyan , Pan Xiufang , Duan Dongsheng , Cartee Gregory D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOne exercise session can increase subsequent insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake (ISGU) by skeletal muscle. Postexercise refeeding induces reversal of postexercise (PEX)‐enhanced ISGU concomitant with attaining high muscle glycogen in rats. To test the relationship between high glycogen and reversal of PEX‐ISGU, we injected one epitrochlearis muscle from each rat with adeno‐associated virus (AAV) small hairpin RNA (shRNA) that targets glycogen synthase 1 (GS1) and injected contralateral muscles with AAV‐shRNA‐Scrambled (Scr). Muscles from PEX and sedentary rats were collected at 3‐hour PEX (3hPEX) or 6‐hour PEX (6hPEX). Rats were either not refed or refed rat‐chow during the recovery period. Isolated muscles were incubated with [3H]‐3‐O‐methylglucose, with or without insulin. The results revealed: (1) GS1 abundance was substantially lower for AAV‐shRNA‐GS1‐treated versus AAV‐shRNA‐Scr‐treated muscles; (2) reduced GS1 abundance in refed‐rats induced much lower glycogen in AAV‐shRNA‐GS1‐treated versus AAV‐shRNA‐Scr‐treated muscles at 3hPEX or 6hPEX; (3) PEX‐ISGU was elevated in not refed‐rats at either 3hPEX or 6hPEX versus sedentary controls, regardless of GS1 abundance; (4) PEX‐ISGU was not reversed by 3 h of refeeding, regardless of GS1 abundance; (5) despite substantially lower glycogen in AAV‐shRNA‐GS1‐treated versus AAV‐shRNA‐Scr‐treated muscles, elevated PEX‐ISGU was eliminated at 6hPEX in both of the paired muscles of refed‐rats; and (6) 3hPEX versus sedentary non‐refed rats had greater AMP‐activated protein kinase‐γ3 activity in both paired muscles, but this exercise effect was eliminated in both paired muscles by 3 h of refeeding. In conclusion, the results provided compelling evidence that the reversal of exercise‐enhanced ISGU by refeeding was not attributable to the accumulation of high muscle glycogen concentration.
Association of Inpatient Postpartum Quality of Recovery With Postpartum Depression: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Ben Hayoun D.H. , Carvalho B. , Guo N. , Orbach-Zinger S. , Rozeznic J. , Sultan P. , Weiniger C.F. 
Published: November 2024

(J Clin Anesth. 2023;91:111263 I, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2023.111263 I)
Nearly 7% to 9% of postpartum women have postpartum depression (PPD), which is a significant mood disorder. PPD can adversely influence postpartum recovery areas such as maternal-infant bonding, sleep, pain, cognitive function, and overall functionality. Suicide is a leading cause of death up to 1 year postpartum, highlighting the importance of identifying women at risk for PPD to facilitate early interventions and reduce depressive symptoms. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends routine screening, generally conducted at 6 weeks postpartum in the United States and Israel. However, about one-third of women do not attend the 6-week postpartum visit, presenting a challenge in timely identification and intervention.
What is in Your Transfusion? A Bedside Guide to Blood Products and Their Preparation
Authors: Hess A.S. 
Published: November 2024

(Anesthesiology. 2024; 140:144–156. I doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004655)
A comprehensive understanding of blood products and their modifications is crucial for physicians to make informed transfusion decisions. Blood separation into products optimizes every donation, extending the utility and lifespan of each component, addressing specific hematologic needs, and benefiting multiple patients from a single donation. Modifications to these products aim to prevent clotting, extend shelf life, enhance efficacy, and minimize adverse events, all designed with patient benefit in mind. However, these modifications have consequences that anesthesiologists must consider. For example, the development of Massive Transfusion Protocols and balanced “1:1:1” transfusions emerged as a response to the inadvertent harms caused by separating whole blood into components like red cells, plasma, and platelets. Due to the limited blood supply and various clinical demands, it is crucial to understand the specific components being transfused.
Teaching Airway Management Using Virtual Reality: A Scoping Review
Authors: Duffy C.C. , Bass G.A. , Yi W. , Rouhi A. , Kaplan L.J. , O’Sullivan E. 
Published: November 2024

(Anesth Analg. 2024;138(4):782–793. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006611)
Airway management is a term that refers to the safe and effective increase in oxygen provided by ventilation or oxygenation in individuals that are sedated or unconscious, and the procedure is performed only by trained professionals. Training for this skill set is often done on the job, during a residency program for anesthesia or acute care. Recent advances in training environments have allowed for safer skill acquisition through simulations that allow for practice without any possibility of harming a patient, blending the need for supervision from experienced faculty with relevant situations that present no risk. These programs are expensive and labor intensive to implement and maintain; one potential solution to this is virtual reality (VR), which could blend all of the advantages of simulation education without the disadvantages of required faculty presence at all times. The immersive technology can also be implemented to simulate more diverse situations with less effort and allows for assessment of skill and training. This article is a review that evaluates VR as an effective tool for simulation education for both routine and emergency airway management.
MRI of Caval Compression During Left-Lateral Tilt in Singleton and Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Fujita N , Higuchi H , Yonekura Y 
Published: November 2024

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2024;41:122–128. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000001937)
Women with twin pregnancies often undergo cesarean delivery (CD) and have a higher chance of supine hypotension than women with singleton pregnancies, due to the increase in aortocaval compression by a larger gravid uterus. It is usually recommended to use at least 15 degrees left pelvic tilt during CD to avoid aortocaval compression. However, this optimal left-lateral tilt angle practice has recently been questioned, especially for women pregnant with twins.
Baseline Hemoglobin Variability by Measurement Technique in Pregnant People on the Day of Childbirth
Authors: Caulfield K.C. , McMahon O. , Dennis A.T. 
Published: November 2024

(Anaesthesia. 2024;79:178–185. DOI:10.1111/anae.16174)
Obstetric hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with over 44,000 deaths annually, mostly in low-income and middle-income countries. It primarily occurs after vaginal birth in late pregnancy. Despite advanced medical interventions, high-income countries still face maternal morbidity from hemorrhage due to high anemia rates, placental adhesive disorders, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Accurate assessment of hemoglobin concentration is crucial for managing hemorrhage, but traditional lab tests are slow.
Risk Factors for Preeclampsia in Clinical Practice Guidelines: Comparison With the Evidence
Authors: Elawad T. , Scott G. , Bone J.N. , Elwell H. , Escalona Lopez C. , Filippi V. , Green M. , Khalil A. , Kinshella M.-L.W. , Mistry H.D. , Pickerill K. , Shanmugam R. , Singer J. , Townsend R. , Tsigas E.Z. , Vidler M. , Volvert M.-L. , von Dadelszen P. , Magee L.A. ,   the PRECISE Network
Published: November 2024

(BJOG. 2024;131:46–62. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17320)
Preeclampsia affects 2% to 4% of pregnancies globally, with a rising incidence linked to increasing maternal age and body mass. This hypertensive disorder poses significant risks to both maternal and fetal health, making it a key focus of prenatal care through blood pressure and proteinuria screening. Despite the lack of an approved treatment to modify the disease, current best practices involve identifying at-risk women, administering preventative therapy, managing hypertension, and other organ impacts if preeclampsia develops, and ultimately, timing the birth to resolve the condition.
Repeat Placental Growth Factor-Based Testing in Women With Suspected Preterm Preeclampsia (PARROT-2): A Multicenter, Parallel-Group, Superiority, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hurrell A. , Webster L. , Sparkes J. , Battersby C. , Brockbank A. , Clark K. , Duhig K.E. , Gill C. , Green M. , Hunter R.M. , Seed P.T. , Vowles Z. , Myers J. , Shennan A.H. , Chappell L.C. ,   on behalf of the PARROT-2 Trial Group
Published: November 2024

(Lancet. 2024;403: 619–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02357-7)
Hypertensive disorders affect 10% of pregnant women, including chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia, which impacts 2.8% of pregnancies. Preeclampsia, especially when preterm, increases maternal and perinatal complications. Suspected preeclampsia complicates about 10% of pregnancies but lacks an ICD-10 code, complicating accurate identification. Better early detection and risk stratification methods are needed to reduce complications and optimize resources. Abnormal levels of PlGF and sFlt-1 were linked to preeclampsia 25 years ago. Studies show PlGF is lower and sFlt-1 higher in preeclampsia cases. The PARROT-1 trial found that PlGF testing improved diagnosis time and reduced severe maternal outcomes. NICE and ISSHP recommend PlGF testing. Further evaluation is needed to determine the benefits of repeat PlGF testing.
Efficacy and Safety of Ketamine as an Adjuvant to Regional Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xiang J. , Cao C. , Chen J. , Kong F. , Nian S. , Li Z. , Li N. 
Published: November 2024

(J Clin Anesth. 2024;94:111415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111415)
Effective management of perioperative pain is crucial for patients and surgeons due to the potential adverse effects of the body’s physiological response to surgical pain. Proper perioperative analgesia not only improves patient recovery but also decreases the incidence of chronic postoperative pain. Regional anesthesia is vital for perioperative pain control, reducing opioid use, and enhancing pain management. However, the limited duration of single-shot nerve blocks is a significant drawback. To address this, anesthesiologists have been exploring ways to extend the benefits of single-shot regional anesthesia, such as adding perineural adjuncts to local anesthetics (LA).
Insights Into Rural Youth Physical Activity
Authors: Folk Amanda L. , Kramer-Kostecka Eydie N. , Friend Sarah , Clark Justin M. , Linde Jennifer A. , Barr-Anderson Daheia J. , Fulkerson Jayne A. 
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Physical activity (PA) environments at micro- (eg, home) and macro-levels (eg, built) may be associated with rural children’s PA, an underrepresented population in research. A secondary data analysis of New Ulm at HOME, a family-based childhood obesity prevention RCT, examined which environmental supports explain variation in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and total PA. Methods: Gold standard measurement tools (geospatial analysis; accelerometry) and surveys were used to assess children’s (N = 105, age 7-10) PA environments and behaviors. Environmental supports were evaluated in a block-wise manner. Each variable was placed into 1 block (ie, sociodemographic characteristics, physical supports, or social supports). Blocks were added in a sequential manner to multiple linear regression models, controlling for sociodemographic variables, and analyzed for their groupwise ability to explain variation in MVPA, VPA, and total PA. Results: At micro- and macro-levels, differences in MVPA were explained by physical supports (ΔR2 = 0.06, P = .03; ΔR2 = 0.13, P = .04). Explained variance in VPA was improved by neither physical nor social supports at either level. Physical supports explained differences in total PA at the micro- (ΔR2 = 0.09, P = .01) and macro-levels (ΔR2 = 0.17, P = .01). Conclusions: Further research is warranted to explore if expanding access to PA equipment and infrastructure supports mitigates inactivity in rural youth.