bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Gaia Dynamics of the Andromeda System: DR2 Proper Motions, Orbits, and Rotation of M31 and M33
Authors: van der Marel Roeland P. , Fardal Mark A. , Sohn Sangmo Tony , Patel Ekta , Besla Gurtina , Pino Andrés del , Sahlmann Johannes , Watkins Laura L. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The 3D velocities of M31 and M33 are important for understanding the evolution and cosmological context of the Local Group. Their most massive stars are detected by Gaia, and we use Data Release 2 (DR2) to determine the galaxy proper motions (PMs). We select galaxy members based on, e.g., parallax, PM, color–magnitude diagram location, and local stellar density. The PM rotation of both galaxies is confidently detected, consistent with the known line-of-sight rotation curves:

(counterclockwise) for M31, and

(clockwise) for M33. We measure the center-of-mass PM of each galaxy relative to surrounding background quasars in DR2. This yields that

equals

for M31 and

for M33. In addition to the listed random errors, each component has an additional residual systematic error of

. These results are consistent at 0.8σ and 1.0σ with the (2 and 3 times higher accuracy) measurements already available from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) optical imaging and Very Long Baseline Array water maser observations, respectively. This lends confidence that all these measurements are robust. The new results imply that the M31 orbit toward the Milky Way (MW) is somewhat less radial than previously inferred,

, and strengthen arguments that M33 may be on its first infall into M31. The results highlight the future potential of Gaia for PM studies beyond the MW satellite system.
A Cloud-based Architecture for the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observation Simulations: Optimization, Design, and Results
Authors: Landoni M. , Romano P. , Vercellone S. , Knödlseder J. , Bianco A. , Tavecchio F. , Corina A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Simulating and analyzing detailed observations of astrophysical sources for very high energy experiments, like the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), can be a demanding task especially in terms of CPU consumption and required storage. In this context we propose an innovative cloud computing architecture based on Amazon Web Services (AWS) aiming to decrease the amount of time required to simulate and analyze a given field by distributing the workload and by exploiting the large computational power offered by AWS. We detail how the various services offered by the Amazon online platform are jointly used in our architecture, and we report a comparison of the execution times required for simulating observations of a test source with CTA, by a single machine and the cloud-based approach. We find that, using AWS, we can run our simulations more than 2 orders of magnitude faster than using a general purpose workstation for the same cost. We suggest considering this method when observations need to be simulated, analyzed, and concluded within short timescales.
Théories de la fécondité : des démographes sous influence ?
Authors: Leridon Henri 
Published: February 2019

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter l’évolution des théories de la fécondité à travers 23 textes fondateurs regroupés dans un manuel (Leridon, 2014, Les théories de la fécondité , Ined). Longtemps, la réflexion sur les comportements de fécondité ne put s’appuyer sur des données statistiques fiables : elle relevait plutôt de la philosophie, de la morale, de la science politique ou de la religion. Il a fallu attendre la naissance des sciences sociales, au xix e siècle, pour que puissent apparaître de véritables théories de la fécondité. Durant cette période, la transition démographique des pays européens et les transformations sociales et économiques qui l’accompagnent induisent de nouveaux comportements démographiques et de ce fait de nouvelles formulations théoriques. Beaucoup de disciplines nouvelles éclairent ces analyses : l’anthropologie, la sociologie, l’économie, la science politique, la psychologie. Paradoxalement, la démographie a tardé à développer des approches théoriques, sans doute parce qu’elle s’est d’abord affirmée comme une science quantitative. Force est alors de constater qu’il n’existe pas aujourd’hui de théorie de la fécondité qui fasse consensus. Ces différentes approches sont présentées à travers une sélection de textes de précurseurs, de théories de disciplines diverses, d’analyses sur la régulation des naissances et des approches de genre.
Le rapport aux normes aujourd’hui : continuités et/ou changements ?
Authors: Maesschalck Marc 
Published: February 2019

Cette contribution distingue quatre approches différentes du rapport aux normes dans une société donnée : contextuelle, essentialiste, pragmatique et réflexive. La thèse défendue est que lorsqu’on se limite aux deux premières, on risque de manquer la manière dont les attentes normatives des membres d’une société conditionnent directement, de l’intérieur, la structure pratique des normes et influent ainsi sur leur capacité à produire de l’équité, de la confiance et de l’autorité. Méthodologiquement, il semble donc décisif de bien cerner la manière dont obligation et reconnaissance s’imbriquent dans la production du commun par le rapport aux normes.
Le cléricalisme et les abus sexuels sur mineurs
Authors: Joulain Stéphane 
Published: February 2019

Le pape François dénonce régulièrement le cléricalisme comme un des problèmes importants dans l’Église. Le cléricalisme s’inscrit dans une spécificité sociale et se maintient par différentes résistances systémiques. L’Église catholique est un système complexe, hiérarchisé, aux influences multiples. L’identité et le rôle des clercs, le rapport entre autorité et pouvoir sont à considérer. Le cléricalisme est aussi entretenu par des dynamiques corporatistes : culture du secret, absence de reddition de compte et de transparence ; difficulté de nombreux évêques catholiques à envisager la nécessité d’une réforme en profondeur. Des solutions existent, elles passent entre autres par un meilleur partage des responsabilités et plus de collaboration entre clercs et laïcs.
Taxation foncière redistributive : une fondation macroéconomique du georgisme
Authors: Trannoy Alain 
Published: February 2019

Les idées d’Henry George ont semblé être enterrées pendant plus d’un siècle. Sa principale idée était de financer un revenu de base au moyen d’une taxe prélevée uniquement sur la rente foncière. Après avoir montré que le retour du capital, tel que mis en avant par Thomas Piketty, peut plutôt s’interpréter comme un retour sur le devant de la scène de la rente foncière, nous construisons un modèle augmenté d’accumulation du capital à la Judd : les capitalistes possèdent de la terre qui est louée aux travailleurs pour qu’ils se logent, et en retour ceux-ci louent leur force de travail aux capitalistes. Nous montrons tout d’abord que la taxe sur le capital n’est pas une taxe de premier rang, puis qu’une taxe foncière ou une taxe d’habitation sont des taxes de premier rang qui permettent de financer un supplément de revenu aux travailleurs. En particulier, la taxe d’habitation est entièrement supportée par les propriétaires. Sa suppression devrait donc se traduire par une hausse des loyers. Si la terre urbaine est en quantité fixe, les loyers, y compris les loyers imputés, augmentent en proportion du revenu national pour une élasticité de la quantité de logement par rapport au loyer relativement inélastique (inférieure à 1) quand la population augmente. En conclusion, nous abordons le volet préconisations en matière fiscale auquel conduit ce type d’analyse, en évoquant la suppression de la taxe d’habitation, la création de l’impôt sur la fortune immobilière et la cotisation foncière des entreprises.
Intraindividual Comparison of the Effect of Training on Visual Performance With ReSTOR and Tecnis Diffractive Multifocal IOLs
Authors: Kaymak Hakan , Fahle Manfred , Ott Gregor , Mester Ulrich 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
Several studies have shown that after multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation visual function improves gradually over a period of several months. To accelerate this learning process, a prospective, intraindividual comparative study was performed to investigate the efficacy of a special visual training program on the postoperative visual performance.

Methods:
Sixteen patients with bilateral phacoemulsification and multifocal IOL implantation in both eyes (Alcon ReSTOR [n=8] and AMO Tecnis ZM900 [n=8]) received computer-based visual training 6 weeks postoperatively based on the concept of perceptual learning of discrimination line orientations. The training was performed over 2 weeks in six sessions in one eye of each patient. The untrained fellow eye served as control. Before and after the training period and at 6 months, orientation visual acuity, distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and near visual acuity for different contrast levels were assessed.

Results:

After 2 weeks of training, the mean improvement of orientation visual acuity in the trained eyes was 82%, which was significantly higher than the control eyes (
P
<.001). Contrast sensitivity and near vision under different contrast levels showed a significant benefit of training. The superior function of the trained eyes was still present at 6 months.

Conclusions:

Visual performance after multifocal IOL implantation can be significantly accelerated by a specific 2-week training program. This effect is sustained over a 6-month period. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:287–293.]
Comparison of Acri.Smart Multifocal IOL, Crystalens AT-45 Accommodative IOL, and Technovision PresbyLASIK for Correcting Presbyopia
Authors: Patel Sudi , Alió Jorge L. , Feinbaum Claes 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To compare the visual outcomes of two intraocular lenses (IOLs) (Acri.Smart [multifocal] and AT-45 [accommodative]) for correction of distance and near visual acuity with a LASIK procedure for presbyopia (presbyLASIK) and a control group fitted with a standard distance-correcting monofocal IOL (Acrysof).

Methods:
Distance and near decimal visual acuities were measured under similar conditions before and 6 months postoperatively in 45 patients (87 eyes) who comprised four groups: Acri.Smart IOL, AT-45 IOL, presby-LASIK, and control (monofocal IOL). All acuity measures were standardized at 20 m (distance, projected chart) and 40 cm (near). All visual acuity measures were taken in the same ambient light conditions and contrast. All data were collected in a randomized, masked style.

Results:

Pre- and postoperative distance mean visual acuities for the Acri.Smart IOL, AT-45 IOL, presbyLASIK, and controls groups, respectively, were 0.15±0.21 and 0.66±0.35; 0.31±0.14 and 0.68±0.28; 0.35±0.15 and 0.80±0.33; and 0.32±0.18 and 0.59±0.29. Pre- and postoperative near mean visual acuities for the Acri.Smart IOL, AT-45 IOL, presbyLASIK, and control groups, respectively, were 0.13±0.21 and 0.62±0.35; 0.43±0.22 and 0.51±0.27; 0.15±0.20 and 0.68±0.33; and 0.40±0.29 and 0.30±0.13. Distance and near visual acuities improved significantly after surgery (
P
<.05) except near acuities for the AT-45 IOL and control groups.

Conclusions:

For these patients, distance and near acuities improved with presbyLASIK and Acri.Smart IOLs when compared with controls. In those patients treated with the AT-45 IOL, average distance visual acuity improved but not near visual acuity. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:294–299.]
A Comparative Analysis of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Methods After Myopic Excimer Laser Surgery
Authors: Fam Han Bor , Lim Kooi Ling 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To compare the accuracy and predictability of different intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation methods in eyes after myopic excimer laser surgery.

Methods:

Phacoemulsification and IOL implantation outcomes in 37 eyes of 37 patients with prior LASIK or photorefractive keratectomy were documented (amount of correction=−6.92±3.12 diopters (D), range: −2.00 to −13.00 D). The theoretical IOL power that would have resulted in emmetropia was calculated (IOL
emme
). Using the clinical history keratometry and biometry, the IOL power was calculated using the following methods: Sanders, Retzlaff, Kraff (SRK)-T, SRK-T Double-K (DK), Holladay 1 DK, Hoffer Q DK, Holladay 2 DK, Feiz-Mannis, and Ladas-Stark corneal bypass. The calculated IOL power was compared to IOL
emme
and used to determine the mean error and mean absolute error of refractive outcome for each eye.

Results:

The calculated IOL power using the SRK-T, Feiz-Mannis, and Holladay 1 DK methods were significantly different from IOL
emme
. The lowest mean absolute error was achieved using the Hoffer Q DK method (0.75±0.52 D), Holladay 2 DK (0.75±0.62 D), SRK-T DK (0.76±0.60 D), and Ladas-Stark (0.83±63 D). With the SRK-T DK method, 51.4% of eyes were within ±0.50 D of emmetropia and 67.6% of eyes were within ±1.00 D. The Holladay 2 DK method had the highest percentage (81.1%) of eyes within ±1.00 D and 45.9% within ±0.50 D.

Conclusions:
The refractive results of IOL implantation using the same biometry data in eyes after LASIK can vary markedly. The SRK-T DK, Hoffer Q DK, and Holladay 2 DK methods resulted in the highest accuracy.

[
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:355–360.]
Zelfdoding en de waarde van een rationeel leven
Authors: Jongepier Fleur 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Suicide and the value of a rational life

In recent Kantian discussions about suicide, it is not uncommon to find relatively ‘mild’ approaches towards suicide. Even though as a rule suicide is still impermissible, some argue that there may be circumstances that can make suicide morally permissible. If a person suffers such that she cannot be considered to have a rational life any more, suicide is no longer immoral because the object of the moral duty is no longer present. In this paper, I investigate this argumentative strategy by exploring what it might mean to have a ‘rational life’. I argue that on a minimal conception, people who suffer unbearably still lead rational lives and suicide is thus not morally justified. On substantial conceptions, however, not only does having a rational life become a contingent affair, it also leads to a more liberal approach towards suicide than ‘mild Kantians’ may be prepared to accept.
Vrouwen en mannen naar een nieuw type leiderschap
Authors: van Dijk-Groeneboer Monique 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Women and men towards a new type of leadership

In the Netherlands emancipation has had a lot of attention in the last decades of the former century. Nowadays, often is thought the inequality be­tween men and women at the workplace is solved. Nevertheless, despite the high amount of for instance female students, in higher positions in organizations and academies female leaders still are a minority. More important, their qualities to lead are underestimated, as well by men as by themselves. In today’s world, a combination of feminine and masculine leadership is the best way to manage the modern fluid network organizations, and androgyn leaders are highly searched for.
De behoeften aan openheid, lotgenotencontact en gespecialiseerde counseling voor donorkinderen1
Authors: Schrijvers Anne , Bos Henny , van Rooij Floor , Gerrits Trudie , van der Veen Fulco , Mochtar Monique , Visser Marja 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Being a donor-child: wishes for parental support, peer support and counseling

Most studies on donor-conceived offspring have shown that secrets in families about the genetic origin of the child can harm the parent-child relationship and as a consequence early disclosure of donor conception is recommended. Data on whether donor-conceived offspring appreciate guidance to cope with their questions and feelings related to being a donor-child are not available. We held semi-structured in-depth interviews with male and female donor-conceived offspring (Mage = 26.9, range 17-41) born within father-mother (n = 11), two-mother (n = 7), or single mother families (n = 6). The majority of donor offspring (n = 20) were descendants of anonymous donors. The interviews were fully transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparative method. Donor-conceived offspring would have appreciated openness from their parents about being a donor-child and wished that their parents would have received specialist guidance before donor sperm treatment. They valued the availability of peer contact to exchange stories and would have liked assistance in getting access to trustful information about characteristics and identifying information of their donor. Donor-conceived offspring wished to know where to find counsellors for guidance when needed. Donor-conceived offspring missed guidance by their parents, appreciated peer-support and the availability of guidance by counsellors for themselves. Our findings demonstrate that peer support and guidance by counsellors for donor-conceived offspring should be available for those who need it. The findings also support counselling to intended parents before donor sperm treatment.
The role of low-level clouds in the West African monsoon system
Authors: Kniffka Anke , Knippertz Peter , Fink Andreas H. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Realistically simulating the West African monsoon system still poses a
substantial challenge to state-of-the-art weather and climate models. One
particular issue is the representation of the extensive and persistent
low-level clouds over southern West Africa (SWA) during boreal summer. These
clouds are important in regulating the amount of solar radiation reaching the
surface, but their role in the local energy balance and the overall monsoon
system has never been assessed. Based on sensitivity experiments using the
ICON model for July 2006, we show for the first time that rainfall over SWA
depends logarithmically on the optical thickness of low clouds, as these
control the diurnal evolution of the planetary boundary layer, vertical
stability and finally convection. In our experiments, the increased
precipitation over SWA has a small direct effect on the downstream Sahel, as
higher temperatures due to increased surface radiation are accompanied by
decreases in low-level moisture due to changes in advection, leading to
almost unchanged equivalent potential temperatures in the Sahel. A systematic
comparison of simulations with and without convective parameterization
reveals agreement in the direction of the precipitation signal but larger
sensitivity for explicit convection. For parameterized convection the main
rainband is too far south and the diurnal cycle shows signs of unrealistic
vertical mixing, leading to a positive feedback on low clouds. The results
demonstrate that relatively minor errors, variations or trends in low-level
cloudiness over SWA can have substantial impacts on precipitation. Similarly,
they suggest that the dimming likely associated with an increase in
anthropogenic emissions in the future would lead to a decrease in summer
rainfall in the densely populated Guinea coastal area. Future work should
investigate longer-term effects of the misrepresentation of low clouds in
climate models, e.g. moderated through effects on rainfall, soil moisture and
evaporation.
The Impact of January Events on Stock Performance in the Egyptian Stock Market
Authors: Abdelzaher Mai Ahmed 
Published: February 2019

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the January25 revolution on stock performance in the Egyptian market during 2010–2012 by analyzing its effects on trading volume, market return fluctuation, and closing price. These variables are analyzed pre- and post-January25 revolution using the descriptive statistics group unit root test, cointegrating equation model, GARCH model, and ARCH model. The results indicate that there is a significant positive relation between the January events and return fluctuation and no significant effect between the January events and trading volume; however, the trading volume decreased before, during, and after these events, and there is a significant negative relation between the January events and closing price.
Imperialismo faraônico e exploração econômica no Levante do Bronzo Tardio
Authors: Frizzo Fábio 
Published: February 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo principal demonstrar a lógica da exploração econômica na periferia levantina do império faraônico do Reino Novo. A literatura especializada questiona os interesses econômicos do imperialismo egípcio por meio de análises que pensam as vantagens materiais apenas pelo ponto de vista do fluxo maciço de matérias-primas em direção ao centro imperial. Buscaremos apontar, por outro lado, que os benefícios econômicos envolviam relações mais amplas, como o estabelecimento de uma estrutura de domínio e exploração com redes de relações entre as diferentes elites imperiais, que garantiam a manutenção do domínio faraônico na região do Levante. Isto pode ser comprovado através de três conjuntos de evidências: 1) a correspondência diplomática, tanto entre os reis de mesmo status, quanto naquela entre o faraó e os governantes vassalos; 2) pela análise do funcionalismo do aparelho estatal egípcio destinado à fiscalização e manutenção imperial; 3) pelo estudo da arquitetura egípcia na região da Síria-Palestina. Em síntese, os diferentes mecanismos de exploração econômica faraônica no Levante foram importantes não apenas para manter as elites do centro imperial, mas levaram a um aprofundamento da relação de classe no interior da periferia.
Models, explanation, and the pitfalls of empirical testing
Authors: Lima Enzo Lenine 
Published: February 2019

Formal models constitute an essential part of contemporary political science and International Relations. Their recent history is tightly tied to the developments of Rational Choice Theory, which is considered to be the only deductive theory in the social sciences. This unique character, especially its manifestation through mathematical symbolisms, has caused profound schisms and criticisms in the discipline. Formal models have constantly been accused of being built on unrealistic assumptions of human behaviour and social structure, rendering as a result either trivial predictions or no empirical prediction at all. Nevertheless these criticisms frequently ignore essential elements of the concept of explanation and how it is applicable to formal modelling. In this paper, I provide an approach to mathematical modelling that considers the challenges of designing and performing empirical tests of predictions generated by formal models. Rather than disqualifying or falsifying models, empirical tests are paramount to the tailoring of more grounded explanations of political phenomena and should be seen as a tool to enhance modelling. In this sense, I scrutinise two examples of formal modelling in IR, and derive lessons for the empirical testing of models in the discipline.
Os modelos formais constituem uma parte essencial da ciência política contemporânea e das Relações Internacionais. Sua história recente está fortemente ligada aos desenvolvimentos da teoria da escolha racional, que é considerada a única teoria dedutiva nas ciências sociais. Este caráter único, especialmente sua manifestação por meio de simbolismos matemáticos, causou profundas divisões e críticas na disciplina. Os modelos formais têm sido constantemente acusados de serem construídos com base em suposições irrealistas do comportamento humano e da estrutura social, resultando em previsões triviais ou nenhuma previsão empírica. No entanto, essas críticas frequentemente ignoram elementos essenciais do conceito de explicação e como o mesmo é aplicável à modelagem formal. Neste artigo, forneço uma abordagem à modelagem matemática que considera os desafios de conceber e executar testes empíricos de previsões geradas por modelos formais. Em vez de desqualificar ou falsificar modelos, os testes empíricos são fundamentais para a adaptação de explicações mais fundamentadas dos fenômenos políticos e devem ser vistos como uma ferramenta para aprimorar a modelagem. Nesse sentido, analiso dois exemplos de modelagem formal em RI e extraio lições para o teste empírico de modelos na disciplina.

Palavras-chave: modelos formais, teoria da escolha racional, teste empírico, explicação