bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Hypomethylation Is One of the Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Salt‐Stress Priming in Soybean Seedlings
Authors: Yung Wai‐Shing , Wang Qianwen , Chan Long‐Yiu , Wang Zhili , Huang Mingkun , Li Man‐Wah , Wong Fuk‐Ling , Lam Hon‐Ming 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSalt‐stress priming enhances the tolerance of plants against subsequent exposure to a similar stress. Priming‐induced transcriptomic reprogramming is mediated by multiple epigenetic mechanisms, the best known of which is histone modifications. However, not much is known about other epigenetic responses. In this study, salt‐stress priming resulted in global DNA hypomethylation in the leaves of soybean seedlings. The DNA methyltransferase activities in primed seedlings were reduced, contributing to the overall DNA hypomethylation. Genes associated with the hypomethylated DNA regions in primed seedlings also showed a higher mean level of the active histone mark, histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), and a lower mean level of the repressive histone mark, H3K4me2. Transcriptomic analyses supported that DNA hypomethylation played a role in fine‐tuning the chromatin status in primed seedlings to potentiate gene expressions. Motif and transcriptional network analyses revealed that DNA hypomethylation may facilitate the responses mediated by key transcription factors in the abscisic acid (ABA)‐dependent pathway. A pre‐treatment using a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5‐azacytidine, could enhance salt tolerance in non‐primed soybean seedlings, similar to the priming effect, suggesting the role of DNA hypomethylation in salt‐stress priming. Overall, this research furthers our understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in salt‐stress priming in soybean.
Multi‐Omics Analyses Offer Novel Insights into the Selection of Sugar and Lipid Metabolism During Maize Domestication and Improvement
Authors: Wu Di , Guan Le , Wu Yingxue , Wang Yang , Gao Ruiqi , Zhong Jianbin , Zhang Qiunan , Wang Shifeng , Zhang Xudong , Zhang Guochao , Huang Jun , Gao Yanqiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOver thousands of years of domestication, maize has undergone significant environmental changes. Understanding the genetic and metabolic trace during maize evolution can better contribute to molecular breeding and nutrition quality improvement. This study examines the metabolic profiles and transcriptomes of maize kernels from teosinte, landrace, and maize accessions at 15 days post‐pollination. Differentially accumulated metabolites were enriched in sugar and lipid metabolism pathways. The metabolic selection profile exhibited four distinct patterns: continuous increases, constant decrease, initial decline or stability followed by an increase, and initial growth or stability followed by a subsequent decline. Sugars and JA were positive selection while LPCs/LPEs were negative selection during evolution. The expression level of genes related to sugar accumulation was significantly higher in maize, contrasting with enhanced glycolysis and lipid metabolism activity in teosinte. The correlation network highlighted distinct hormonal regulation of sugar and lipid metabolism. We identified 27 candidate genes associated with sugar, lipid, and JA that have undergone strong selection by population genomic regions. The positive selection of the PLD may explain the negative selection of LPCs/LPEs due to substrate competition. These findings enhance our understanding of the evolutionary trajectory of primary metabolism in maize and provide valuable resources for breeding and improvement.
A New Approach to Reduce the Position Data of Moving Objects Using Neural Network
Authors: Diri Samet , Yildirim Mehmet 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, an ANN‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) location data reduction approach was proposed. As GNSS location data becomes more common, efficient data reduction techniques are needed to reduce transmission, storage, and processing costs. This involves selecting key points from the original trajectory to maintain integrity, eliminating redundancy, and lowering transmission and storage expenses. In this study, we proposed a new method for reducing GNSS location data in both online and offline settings, utilizing an ANN trained with a mathematically generated dataset. ANN has not been used in data reduction in the literature. The approach involves training the ANN with a window size of 3 and a threshold value of 10°, followed by using the trained model for data reduction. Experimental results show that the ANN achieves a reduction rate of around 59.18% compared to the original trajectory. Notably, the ANN yields a significantly lower RMSE compared to a mathematical method, particularly in areas requiring precision. Despite the slightly slower computation times, the ANN remains suitable for real‐time applications, demonstrating its efficacy for GNSS location data reduction. Our study highlights its online capability, reasonable reduction rates, and low RMSE values, distinguishing it from existing literature. This method shows potential for scenarios where balancing reduction rates with data quality is crucial.
Coronary microvascular function and atherosclerotic plaque burden in ischaemia and no obstructive coronary arteries: a secondary analysis of the CorMicA trial
Authors: Ang Daniel TY , Carberry Jaclyn , Ford Thomas J , Kamdar Anna , Sykes Robert , Sidik Novalia P , Carrick David , McCartney Peter J , Collison Damien , Robertson Keith , Shaukat Aadil , Rocchiccioli J Paul , McGeoch R , Watkins Stuart , Hood Stuart , McEntegart Margaret , Lindsay Mitchell , Eteiba Hany , Oldroyd Keith G , Good Richard , McConnachie Alex , Berry Colin 
Published: November 2024

Background
The relationship between atherosclerosis and endotypes of myocardial ischaemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is unclear. We investigated potential associations between cumulative atherosclerotic plaque burden quantified using the Gensini score, novel invasive indices of coronary microvascular function (microvascular resistance reserve (MRR); resistive reserve ratio (RRR)) and related INOCA endotypes.

Methods
Coronary angiography and invasive coronary function tests were simultaneously acquired in the CorMicA cohort. A comprehensive physiological assessment was performed using both a thermodilution-based diagnostic guidewire and intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing. Angiograms were examined for luminal stenosis in each segment of the SYNTAX coronary model. Cumulative plaque burden was quantified using the Gensini score, which incorporated both the number of diseased coronary segments and stenosis severity. Results were compared with indices of microvascular function and INOCA endotypes. Angiographic analyses were performed blind to coronary physiology findings.

Results
In 151 participants (median age 61 years; 73.5% female) without flow-limiting coronary artery disease, medical history included 41.7% smoking, 63.6% hypertension and 19.2% diabetes mellitus. The left anterior descending artery underwent diagnostic guidewire testing in 85.4%, and 55.0% of participants had abnormal coronary flow reserve (CFR) and/or Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR). The median Gensini score was 6.0 (IQR 2.5–11.0). CFR (p=0.012), MRR (p=0.026) and RRR (p=0.026), but not IMR (p=0.445), were univariably associated with raised Gensini scores. These significant effects persisted in multivariable models controlling for potential confounders. Considering INOCA endotypes, Gensini scores differed among participants with microvascular angina (MVA) (7.0 (2.5–11.0)), vasospastic angina (VSA) (4.5 (2.0–10.0)), mixed MVA/VSA (9.0 (5.0–11.5)) and non-cardiac symptoms (3.5 (1.5–8.0)); Kruskal-Wallis p=0.030.

Conclusions
Reduced CFR, MRR and RRR, and MVA were associated with increased coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden, as evidenced by higher Gensini scores. These novel findings provide a mechanistic link between INOCA and cardiovascular events, reinforcing the importance of antiatherosclerosis therapy in patients with MVA.
Surgical and transcatheter aortic valve interventions for aortic stenosis in England: sociodemographic variations in treatment trends and outcome over 20 years
Authors: Singh Anvesha , Chalmers Fionna , Aslam Saadia , Bolton Thomas , Stevenson Anna , Squire Iain , Khunti Kamlesh , McCann Gerry P , Lawson Claire 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundHealth inequalities in cardiovascular care have been identified in the UK. The sociodemographic characteristics of patients undergoing intervention for aortic stenosis (AS) in England, and the impact of COVID-19, is unknown.MethodsNational linked data sets identified all surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for AS, and post-intervention cardiovascular mortality, between 2000 and 2023.ResultsOf 179 645 procedures, there were 139 990 SAVR (mean age 71±10.8 years, 64% male, 96.0% white) and 39 655 TAVI (mean age 81±7.7 years, 57% male, 95.7% white). Rates of SAVR declined during COVID-19 for all groups, but TAVI rates increased steadily. Women were older; ethnic minority groups and those from most deprived areas were younger, with greater comorbidities. Women and more deprived groups had lower rates of SAVR (age-standardised rates per 100 000 in 2020–2023: 17.07vs6.65 for menvswomen; 9.82vs10.10 for Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)-1vsIMD-5) and TAVI (20.20vs9.79 for menvswomen; 9.55vs13.36 for IMD-1vsIMD-5). These discrepancies widened over time. Ethnic differences were observed for SAVR, with the lowest rates in black patients. Cardiovascular mortality post-intervention was lower in female patients and with decreasing deprivation, with no ethnicity-based differences.ConclusionsThere are differences in intervention rates for AS in England, with lower rates in female patients and to a lesser extent, those from the most deprived areas and ethnic minority groups. These variations have widened over time. Post-intervention cardiovascular mortality is lower in women and with decreasing deprivation. Public health measures and research are needed to identify the true prevalence of AS in different populations, and the reasons for potential inequalities.
Exploring potential uses of insect frass for agricultural production considering its nutrients, and chemical and microbiological safety
Authors: Safitri R.A. , Vandeweyer D. , Deruytter D. , Meijer N. , Coudron C.L. , Banach J.L. , van der Fels-Klerx H.J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Insect rearing for food and feed has seen a sharp increase in Europe and is expected to grow further. Exploring the potential use of insect by-products like frass is crucial to improving the economic feasibility and circularity of the insect industry. This review study explores the potential uses of frass in agricultural applications by considering frass contents (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and other compounds that have the potential to improve plant health) as well as chemical and microbiological safety. To this end, literature has been reviewed, and frass samples have been analysed. Our results showed that from the available data on frass contents, frass has fertilizing product potentials, such as fertilizer and biostimulants. Data on the occurrence of chemical and microbiological contaminants in frass are limited. However, the available data suggest that contamination depends on the feed substrates, type of contaminants, and insect species. These potential food safety hazards include mycotoxins, dioxins, heavy metals, pesticide residues, veterinary drugs and human food-borne pathogens (e.g. Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp.). Therefore, frass application in agricultural activities raises a concern whether such hazards will transfer and accumulate in crops and the environment (e.g. soil, water); studies on this topic are still limited. Considering this possible safety risk, it is important to establish proper mitigation strategies. Further research is needed to fill data gaps for hazard prioritisation and risk assessment, e.g. on the occurrence of hazards in frass (of different species reared on various feed substrates) and the fate of these hazards in crops and the environment following frass application. Finally, studies on frass valorisation will benefit from a holistic approach covering multiple topics, including safety, economic, and environmental impacts.
Comparison of topical potassium hydroxide 5% solution with cryotherapy in the treatment of patients with genital warts: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Javame Ghazvini Fateme , Yazdanpanah Mohammad Javad , Nahidi Yalda , Torabi Shatila , Ganjali Raheleh , Mohammadpour Amir Hoshang , Ghasemi Seyyedeh Zahra 
Published: November 2024

Background Given the therapeutic challenge of wart treatment and the need for an ideal treatment that is effective, noninvasive, cost-effective, and has minimal side effects, this study aims to compare the local impact of a 5% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution with cryotherapy, the current standard treatment for genital warts. Methods Two groups, each consisting of 49 patients: the first group was treated with a daily topical application of 5% KOH solution using a swab, while the second group underwent cryotherapy in two 5–20 s freeze-thaw cycles. Before treatment, patient demographic data and number of lesions were recorded. Follow-up visits were conducted at four-week intervals for 12 weeks, during which the number of lesions, time to complete recovery, and skin-related side effects were examined and recorded, ensuring comprehensive data collection. Results A total of 98 patients (average age: 28.40 ± 7.34 years), 55 cases (55.1%) being female and 43 cases (43.9%) being male. Importantly, there was no significant difference in terms of gender ( p = .684), education ( p = .533), and marital status ( p = .703) between the two study groups. Further, no significant difference in previous infection history ( p = .493) and partner infection ( p = .098) was identified. There was no significant difference in terms of treatment response ( p = .510) and relapse ( p < .999) between the two KOH and cryotherapy study groups. Conclusion The study found no significant differences in treatment response, relapse rates, or side effects between using 5% potassium hydroxide solution and cryotherapy for genital wart treatment. These findings suggest that both modalities offer comparable efficacy and safety profiles, providing clinicians with valuable options in tailoring treatment approaches for patients with genital warts.
Cardiovascular Benefits and Safety Profile of Macrolide Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Bronchiectasis
Authors: Guo Ran , Wat Dennis , Lam Steven Ho Man , Bucci Tommaso , Tsang Christopher Tze-Wei , Cai An-Ping , Chan Yap-Hang , Ren Qing-Wen , Huang Jia-Yi , Zhang Jing-Nan , Gu Wen-Li , Zhu Ching-Yan , Hung Yik-Ming , Frost Freddy , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Yiu Kai-Hang 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundMacrolide maintenance therapy (MMT) has demonstrated notable efficacy in reducing exacerbation in patients with bronchiectasis, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. However, a comprehensive assessment of the cardiovascular benefits and safety profile of MMT in this population is lacking.MethodsThis territory-wide cohort study analyzed patients diagnosed with bronchiectasis in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2018. Patients were classified as MMT receivers or macrolide non-receivers based on the administration of MMT. Propensity score (PS) matching was employed for confounding factors adjustment. The primary outcome of interest was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke. The safety outcome was the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was utilized to compare the incidence of outcomes across the two groups.ResultsA total of 22 895 patients with bronchiectasis were identified. Following 1:2 PS matching, the final cohort consisted of 3137 individuals, with 1123 MMT receivers and 2014 macrolide non-receivers. MMT administration was associated with a significant reduced risk of MACE (16.38versus24.11 events per 1000 person years; HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.52–0.90). Importantly, the use of MMT was not associated with elevated risk of ventricular arrhythmias or sudden cardiac death (7.17versus7.67 events per 1000 person years; HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.60–1.44).ConclusionsThe administration of MMT in patients with bronchiectasis was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of MACE, without any evidence suggesting an increased risk of severe arrhythmia-related adverse events.
The impact of early adversity on later life health, lifestyle, and cognition
Authors: Künzi Morgane , Gheorghe D. A. , Gallacher J. , Bauermeister S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Early life adversity has been shown to have long-lasting detrimental effects on a variety of biopsychosocial outcomes. Early adversity and its consequences may directly or indirectly affect cognitive aging and increase the risk of developing dementia in older age. Investigating the biopsychosocial outcomes associated with early adverse experiences is essential to inform health policies and promote healthy cognitive development across the life course.

Methods
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of early adversity (i.e., abuse and deprivation) on selected outcomes (i.e., physical and mental health, lifestyle, and cognition) in two UK cohorts (the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), N = 12,653, Mdnage = 66, SDage = 9.58; UK Biobank, N = 502,360, Mdnage = 58, SDage = 8.09). In both cohorts, adversities were self-reported retrospectively, and only those adversity types assessed in both cohorts were utilized. A post-hoc analysis was performed to examine the role of education as a mediator of the association between early adversity and the selected outcomes.

Results
Most of the results show that early adversity is negatively associated with health (both physical and mental), lifestyle, and cognition while also highlighting the important mediating role of education. However, differences exist according to the specific adversity experienced and the cohort studied.

Conclusions
The results found bring into attention the complex associations between early adversity and multiple later life outcomes, and suggest that various mechanisms might be at play. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of multi-cohort comparisons for the generalization of the results.
Modelling the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of pay-for-performance programs in health care
Authors: Gandjour Afschin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
With an upward trend in adoption by industrialized nations, pay-for-performance (P4P) mechanisms are increasingly recognized for fostering quality improvement in healthcare. P4P programs conventionally reward providers with supplemental payments upon achieving predefined performance targets. This study aims to utilize decision modelling to determine the cost-effectiveness and maximum incentive levels of P4P programs.

Methods
A decision model, grounded in previously published models exploring the cost-effectiveness of implementation programs, was developed. The model evaluates the cost-effectiveness of P4P programs for an exogenous reward size under varied reward mechanisms and also in scenarios with and without a budget or time constraint.

Results
In instances where P4P programs do not substitute other healthcare programs, their incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is deterministically set and ranges from treatment ICER to infinity, irrespective of the reward mechanism. With a budget or time constraint in play, the P4P program is incentivized up to the point where its population cost or ICER aligns with that of the program being replaced.

Conclusion
The proposed decision model effectively calculates the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of P4P programs, accommodating various reward mechanisms and scenarios, both with and without budget or time constraints.
Transcriptome-wide mapping of internal mRNA N7-methylguanosine in sporulated and unsporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella reveals stage-specific signatures
Authors: Fan Qing-Xin , Wang Zi-Rui , Wang Jin-Long , Wang Yu-Xuan , Zhang Ze-Dong , Yu Lin-Mei , Jia Tao , Zhu Xing-Quan , Liu Qing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Growing evidence indicates that N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification plays critical roles in epigenetic regulation. However, no data regarding m7G modification are currently available in Eimeria tenella, a highly virulent species causing coccidiosis in chickens.

Methods
In the present study, we explore the distribution of internal messenger RNA (mRNA) m7G modification in sporulated and unsporulated oocysts of E. tenella as well as its potential biological functions during oocyst development using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq), and the mRNA-seq and MeRIP-seq data were verified by the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) and MeRIP–qPCR, respectively.

Results
Our data showed that m7G peaks were detected throughout the whole mRNA body, and the coding DNA sequence (CDS) region displayed the most methylation modification. Compared with unsporulated oocysts, 7799 hypermethylated peaks and 1945 hypomethylated peaks were identified in sporulated oocysts. Further combined analysis of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that there was a generally positive correlation between m7G modification levels and gene transcript abundance. Unsurprisingly, the mRNA-seq and MeRIP-seq data showed good consistency with the results of the RT–qPCR and MeRIP–qPCR, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs with altered m7G-methylated peaks were involved in diverse biological functions and pathways, including DNA replication, RNA transport, spliceosome, autophagy-yeast, and cAMP signaling pathway.

Conclusions
Altogether, our findings revealed the potential significance of internal m7G modification in E. tenella oocysts, providing some directions and clues for later in-depth research.

Graphical abstract