bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocatalytic Enantioselective Oxidation of Sec‐Allylic Alcohols with Flavin‐Dependent Oxidases
Authors: Gandomkar Somayyeh , Jost Etta , Loidolt Doris , Swoboda Alexander , Pickl Mathias , Elaily Wael , Daniel Bastian , Fraaije Marco W. , Macheroux Peter , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe oxidation of allylic alcohols is challenging to perform in a chemo‐ as well as stereo‐selective fashion at the expense of molecular oxygen using conventional chemical protocols. Here, we report the identification of a library of flavin‐dependent oxidases including variants of the berberine bridge enzyme (BBE) analogue from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtBBE15) and the 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural oxidase (HMFO) and its variants (V465T, V465S, V465T/W466H and V367R/W466F) for the enantioselective oxidation of sec‐allylic alcohols. While primary and benzylic alcohols as well as certain sugars are well known to be transformed by flavin‐dependent oxidases, sec‐allylic alcohols have not been studied yet except in a single report. The model substrates investigated were oxidized enantioselectively in a kinetic resolution with an E‐value of up to >200. For instance HMFO V465S/T oxidized the (S)‐enantiomer of (E)‐oct‐3‐en‐2‐ol (1 a) and (E)‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐en‐2‐ol with E>200 giving the remaining (R)‐alcohol with ee>99% at 50% conversion. The enantioselectivity could be decreased if required by medium engineering by the addition of cosolvents (e. g. dimethyl sulfoxide).magnified image
Transfection with Nanostructure Electro‐Injection is Minimally Perturbative
Authors: Tay Andy , Melosh Nicholas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTransfection is a critical step for gene editing and cell‐based therapies. Nanoscale technologies have shown great promise in providing higher transfection efficiency and lower cell perturbation than conventional viral, biochemical, and electroporation techniques due to their small size and localized effects. Although this has significant implications for using cells post‐transfection, it has not been thoroughly studied. Here, the nano‐electro‐injection (NEI) platform is developed, which makes use of localized electric fields to transiently open pores on cell membranes followed by electrophoretic delivery of DNA into cells. NEI provides twofold higher net transfection efficiency than biochemicals and electroporation in Jurkat cells. Analysis of cell doubling time, intracellular calcium levels, and messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA) expression changes after these gene delivery methods reveals that viruses and electroporation adversely affected cell behavior. Cell doubling times increase by more than 40% using virus and electroporation methods indicative of higher levels of cell stress, unlike NEI which only minimally affects cell division. Finally, electroporation, but not NEI, greatly alters the expression of immune‐associated genes related to immune cell activation and trafficking. These results highlight that nanoscale delivery tools can have significant advantages from a cell health perspective for cell‐based research and therapeutic applications.
Two Photon–Pumped Whispering‐Gallery Mode Lasing and Dynamic Regulation
Authors: Lu Junfeng , Li Fangtao , Ma Wenda , Hu Jufang , Peng Yiyao , Yang Zheng , Chen Qiushuo , Xu Chunxiang , Pan Caofeng , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRealizing the dynamic regulation of nonlinear optical signals has a great scientific significance for the development of new‐type nonlinear optoelectronic devices and expands its application in the field of laser technology, spectroscopy, material structure analysis, etc. Here, two photon absorption–induced whispering‐gallery mode lasing from a single ZnO microresonator with a relatively low lasing threshold (15 µW) and high quality factor (Q ≈ 3200) under ambient conditions is demonstrated. Furthermore, success is achieved in obtaining the dynamic regulation of two photon–pumped lasing mode in the UV gain region. The corresponding resonant wavelength can be tuned dynamically from 388.99 and 391.12 to 390.01 and 392.12 nm for TE33 and TE32 modes, respectively. This work provides a new strategy for building high‐performance mode‐adjustable frequency upconversion lasers.
Circular Trajectory Reconstruction Uncovers Cell‐Cycle Progression and Regulatory Dynamics from Single‐Cell Hi‐C Maps
Authors: Ye Yusen , Gao Lin , Zhang Shihua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSingle‐cell Hi‐C technology is emerging and will provide unprecedented opportunities to elucidate chromosomal dynamics with high resolution. How to characterize pseudo time‐series of single cells using single‐cell Hi‐C maps is an essential and challenging topic. To this end, a powerful circular trajectory reconstruction tool CIRCLET is developed to resolve cell cycle phases of single cells by considering multiscale features of chromosomal architectures without specifying a starting cell. CIRCLET reveals its best superiority based on the combination of one feature set about global information and another two feature sets about local interactional information in terms of designed evaluation indexes and verification strategies from a collection of cell‐cycle Hi‐C maps of 1171 single cells. Further division of the reconstructed trajectory into 12 stages helps to accurately characterize the dynamics of chromosomal structures and explain the special regulatory events along cell‐cycle progression. Last but not the least, the reconstructed trajectory helps to uncover important regulatory genes related with dynamic substructures, providing a novel framework for discovering regulatory regions even cancer markers at single‐cell resolution.
Superior Lithium Storage Capacity of α‐MnS Nanoparticles Embedded in S‐Doped Carbonaceous Mesoporous Frameworks
Authors: Ma Yuan , Ma Yanjiao , Kim Guk‐Tae , Diemant Thomas , Behm Rolf Jürgen , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHerein, a Mn‐based metal–organic framework is used as a precursor to obtain well‐defined α‐MnS/S‐doped C microrod composites. Ultrasmall α‐MnS nanoparticles (3–5 nm) uniformly embedded in S‐doped carbonaceous mesoporous frameworks (α‐MnS/SCMFs) are obtained in a simple sulfidation reaction. As‐obtained α‐MnS/SCMFs shows outstanding lithium storage performance, with a specific capacity of 1383 mAh g−1 in the 300th cycle or 1500 mAh g−1 in the 120th cycle (at 200 mA g−1) using copper or nickel foil as the current collector, respectively. The significant (pseudo)capacitive contribution and the stable composite structure of the electrodes result in impressive rate capabilities and outstanding long‐term cycling stability. Importantly, in situ X‐ray diffraction measurements studies on electrodes employing various metal foils/disks as current collector reveal the occurrence of the conversion reaction of CuS at (de)lithiation process when using copper foil as the current collector. This constitutes the first report of the reaction mechanism for α‐MnS, eventually forming metallic Mn and Li2S. In situ dilatometry measurements demonstrate that the peculiar structure of α‐MnS/SCMFs effectively restrains the electrode volume variation upon repeated (dis)charge processes. Finally, α‐MnS/SCMFs electrodes present an impressive performance when coupled in a full cell with commercial LiMn1/3Co1/3Ni1/3O2 cathodes.
Operando Oxygen Vacancies for Enhanced Activity and Stability toward Nitrogen Photofixation
Authors: Hou Tingting , Xiao Yu , Cui Peixin , Huang Yining , Tan Xiaoping , Zheng Xusheng , Zou Ying , Liu Changxi , Zhu Wenkun , Liang Shuquan , Wang Liangbing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhotocatalysts with oxygen vacancies (OVs) have exhibited exciting activity in N2 photofixation due to their superiority in capture and activation of N2. However, the surface OVs are easily oxidized by seizing the oxygen atoms from water or oxygen during the catalytic reaction. Here, it is reported that the grain boundaries (GBs) in nanoporous WO3 induce plenty of operando OVs under light irradiation to significantly boost catalytic activity toward N2 photofixation. Impressively, nanoporous WO3 with abundant GBs (WO3‐600) exhibit an ammonia production rate of 230 µmol gcat.−1 h−1 without any sacrificial agents at room temperature, 17 times higher than that for WO3 nanoparticles without GBs. Moreover, WO3‐600 also manifests remarkable stability by maintaining nearly ≈100% catalytic activity after ten successive reaction rounds. Further mechanistic studies reveal that both OVs and GBs regulate the band structures of WO3 nanocrystals, as well as favor the delivery of photogenerated electrons to adsorbed N2 by enhancing W–O covalency. More importantly, plenty of operando OVs induced by GBs generate during catalytic reaction, directly contributing to the excellent catalytic performance for WO3‐600. This work opens a novel avenue to developing efficient photocatalysts by construction of operando OVs.
Making by Grinding: Mechanochemistry Boosts the Development of Halide Perovskites and Other Multinary Metal Halides
Authors: Palazon Francisco , El Ajjouri Yousra , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMechanochemical synthesis has recently emerged as a promising route for the synthesis of functional lead halide perovskites as well as other (lead‐free) metal halides. Mechanochemical synthesis presents several advantages with regards to more commonly used solution‐based processes such as an inherent lower toxicity by avoiding organic solvents and a finer control over stoichiometry of the final products. The ease of implementation, either through the use of a simple mortar and pestle or with an electrically powered ball‐mill, and low amount of side products make mechanochemical synthesis appealing for upscaling the production of halide perovskites. Due to the defect tolerance of lead halide perovskites, they are ideally suited to be prepared by this solvent‐free method. However, the implementation of these semiconductors in high‐efficiency optoelectronic devices requires the transformation of synthesized powder into smooth thin films where still some hurdles remain to be cleared.
Biogas production and microbial community structure in a stable‐stage of a two‐stage anaerobic digester
Authors: García‐Ruíz María J. , Castellano‐Hinojosa Antonio , Armato Caterina , González‐Martínez Alejandro , González‐López Jesús , Osorio Francisco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn a pilot plant under the stable‐stage of the two‐stage anaerobic digester, the dynamic of the archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryal community structure was studied as well as their link to performance and biogas production. An effective synergic action between microorganisms was reached since biogas production and particularly methane (CH4) generation, were more than two‐times higher in the methanogenic respect to the acidogenic bioreactor. The α‐ and β‐diversity analyses showed that dominant and rare operational taxonomic units of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms were critical in developing a functional successful anaerobic digestion process. A canonical correspondence analysis showed that acid/alkalinity ratio, volatile fatty acid, and pH parameters mainly affected prokaryotic and eukaryotic phylotypes and a clear positive relationship was found between several phylotypes, such as Methanobacteriaceae, Unknown Thaumarchaeota, Intestinibacter, Coprothermobacter, and Magnoliophyta, with biogas and CH4 production and performance parameters.
There is a Road, No Simple Highway: Musings on Rural Community Practice
Authors: Mohatt Dennis F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe article was delivered as an invited address to the 2019 SCRA Biennial. The author, the 2019 recipient of the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Practice in Community Psychology, discusses the application of community psychology practice competencies to rural mental health practice and reviews the challenges faced by rural and remote residents, and the rural idyllic myth. The author shares musings and observations of key lessons learned from mentors and practice across over three decades.
Stability and uniqueness of clonal immunoglobulin CDR3 sequences for MRD tracking in multiple myeloma
Authors: Rustad Even H. , Misund Kristine , Bernard Elsa , Coward Eivind , Yellapantula Venkata D. , Hultcrantz Malin , Ho Caleb , Kazandjian Dickran , Korde Neha , Mailankody Sham , Keats Jonathan J. , Akhlaghi Theresia , Viny Aaron D. , Mayman David J. , Carroll Kaitlin , Patel Minal , Famulare Christopher A. , op Bruinink Davine Hofste , Hutt Kasey , Jacobsen Austin , Huang Ying , Miller Jeffrey E. , Maura Francesco , Papaemmanuil Elli , Waage Anders , Arcila Maria E. , Landgren Ola 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMinimal residual disease (MRD) tracking, by next generation sequencing of immunoglobulin sequences, is moving towards clinical implementation in multiple myeloma. However, there is only sparse information available to address whether clonal sequences remain stable for tracking over time, and to what extent light chain sequences are sufficiently unique for tracking. Here, we analyzed immunoglobulin repertoires from 905 plasma cell myeloma and healthy control samples, focusing on the third complementarity determining region (CDR3). Clonal heavy and/or light chain expression was identified in all patients at baseline, with one or more subclones related to the main clone in 3.2%. In 45 patients with 101 sequential samples, the dominant clonal CDR3 sequences remained identical over time, despite differential clonal evolution by whole exome sequencing in 49% of patients. The low frequency of subclonal CDR3 variants, and absence of evolution over time in active multiple myeloma, indicates that tumor cells at this stage are not under selective pressure to undergo antibody affinity maturation. Next, we establish somatic hypermutation and non‐templated insertions as the most important determinants of light chain clonal uniqueness, identifying a potentially trackable sequence in the majority of patients. Taken together, we show that dominant clonal sequences identified at baseline are reliable biomarkers for long‐term tracking of the malignant clone, including both IGH and the majority of light chain clones.
Compulsory income management: Combatting or compounding the underlying causes of homelessness?
Authors: Peterie Michelle , Bielefeld Shelley , Marston Greg , Mendes Philip , Humpage Louise 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCompulsory Income Management (CIM) is a form of conditional welfare that involves the mandatory quarantining of a portion of welfare recipients’ social security payments. Quarantined funds are accessible via a government‐issued debit card, with restrictions surrounding where and on what funds can be spent. Official justifications of CIM have framed these policies as attempts to combat substance abuse and gambling problems, and to thus secure better outcomes for welfare recipients and their families. Central to this narrative has been the argument that welfare quarantining will ensure more money is spent on ‘essentials’, including accommodation. No existing studies, however, have specifically interrogated the impacts of CIM on housing security. This article responds to this gap in the literature by reviewing existing research concerning CIM's impacts and locating this research within broader debates regarding the causes of homelessness and the efficacy of individualised policy interventions. In doing so, it highlights CIM's potential to exacerbate housing insecurity not only through technical issues such as rental transfer failures, but also by contributing to underlying stressors such as economic disadvantage; relationship difficulties, poor health and addiction; and social stigma. The article concludes that – far from addressing the structural causes of homelessness – CIM has enflamed them.
Calmodulin and protein kinases A/G mediate ciliary beat response in the human nasal epithelium
Authors: Do Ba Hung , Nguyen Thi Nga , Baba Ryoko , Ohbuchi Toyoaki , Ohkubo Jun‐ichi , Kitamura Takuro , Wakasugi Tetsuro , Morimoto Hiroyuki , Suzuki Hideaki 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundMucociliary clearance of the airway epithelium is an essential function for mucosal defense. We recently proposed a hypothetical mechanism of ciliary beat regulation, in which the pannexin‐1 (Panx1)‐P2X7 unit serves as an oscillator generating a periodic increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). In the present study, we examined the localization of Panx1 and P2X7 at the ultrastructural level, and investigated the regulatory pathway subsequent to [Ca2+]i increase.MethodsThe inferior turbinate mucosa was collected from patients with chronic hypertrophic rhinitis during endoscopic sinonasal surgery. The mucosa was examined by transmission immunoelectron microscopy for Panx1 and P2X7. Alternatively, the mucosa was cut into thin strips, and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured under a phase‐contrast light microscope with a high‐speed digital video camera.ResultsIn immunoelectron microscopy, immunoreactivities for Panx1 and P2X7 were localized along the plasma membrane of the entire length of the cilia. CBF was significantly increased by stimulation with 100 µM acetylcholine (Ach). The Ach‐induced CBF increase was significantly inhibited by calmidazolium (calmodulin antagonist), SQ22536 (adenylate cyclase inhibitor), ODQ (guanylate cyclase inhibitor), KT5720 (protein kinase A inhibitor), and KT5823 (protein kinase G inhibitor). Fluorodinitrobenzene (creatine kinase inhibitor) completely inhibited the ciliary beat in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionThese results indicate that Panx1 and P2X7 coexist at the cilia of the human nasal epithelial cells and that the ciliary beat is regulated by calmodulin, adenylate/guanylate cyclases and protein kinases A/G, and crucially depends on creatine kinase.
Amphoteric superabsorbent polymer based on waste collagen as loading media and safer release systems for herbicide 2, 4‐D
Authors: Xu Shuangfeng , Yin Yanyu , Wang Yaling , Li Xin , Hu Zaiyin , Wang Ru 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTAs release formulations, superabsorbent polymers have attracted considerable attentions to reduce herbicide leaching and mitigate contamination. For this purpose, this study dealt with preparation, characterization, and performance test of a novel amphoteric superabsorbent polymer in adsorption and release of 2, 4‐Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4‐D) herbicide. LW‐g‐p(AA‐co‐DMDAAC) was successfully synthesized by using leather waste (LW) as raw material and acrylic acid (AA), and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) as monomers. Then, the resulting LW‐g‐p(AA‐co‐DMDAAC) was characterized before and after 2, 4‐D sorption by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, LW‐g‐p(AA‐co‐DMDAAC) with great equilibrium swelling capacity of 3203 g/g in distilled water, 181 g/g in 0.9 wt % NaCl exhibited excellent performance of swelling. Two absorption peaks appeared at pH = 4 and 7 solely when swelling occurred, and the swelling behavior in pH = 7 satisfied the pseudo first‐order kinetic equation. Moreover, the sorbed 2, 4‐D reached at 68 mg/g and showed sustained release cycle of 45 days under acidic or alkaline conditions. Therefore, the sustained release pattern of 2, 4‐D as well as water absorbency made LW‐g‐p(AA‐co‐DMDAAC) suitable and potential candidate for controlling the release of herbicides to improve utilization and reduce environmental pollution. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48480.
Saccharomyces cerevisae microfiltration performance of polycarbonate membranes containing chitosan‐based polyelectrolyte complexes
Authors: Vale Rayane S. , Paranhos Caio M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPolyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) were prepared using chitosan and sulfonated poly(ethylene terephthalate) by the mixture method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the chemical structure, surface charge, crystallinity, and thermal stability of the PECs. To evaluate how PECs affect the water vapor flux and the microfiltration performance, PECs solutions were spread via casting on polycarbonate microporous membranes. The increase in water vapor flux and in the Saccharomyces cerevisae microfiltration performance indicated that the presence of the PECs acts as fixed charges, changing significantly the transport properties of the polycarbonate matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48483.
Influence of modified fiber–MHSH hybrids on fire hazards, combustion dynamics, and mechanical properties of flame‐retarded poly(butylene succinate) composites
Authors: Liu Pengjie , Yue Xiaopeng , He Guangjian , Zhang Xinlei , Sun Yifeng 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTEnvironmental problems caused by polymers and polymers have historically dominated both academic and industrial attention. Sustainable biodegradable wood‐plastic composites (WPCs) as an optimum can solve the environmentally critical problems caused by petroleum‐based polymers. However, they are flammable, prone to fire accidents, and often have a contradiction between mechanical performance and flame‐retardant properties, which limits their range of applications. Here, we reported a flame‐retarded poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) WPC prepared with modified natural fiber‐magnesium hydroxide sulfate whisker (MHSH) hybrids and intumescent flame retardants (IFRs). The mechanical performance, flame‐retardant properties, thermal stability, and actual fire simulation parameters of composites were investigated. Owing to the unique composition characteristics of modified cassava dregs‐MHSH hybrids, the mechanical properties (70P/23I/5C/2M, flexural strength was 39.2 ± 1.960/MPa, impact strength was 7.95 ± 0.3975/ [KJ/m2]), flame retardant properties (70P/23I/5C/2M, the limiting oxygen index value was 39.6%, UL‐94 was V0) and thermal stability of WPC have been improved. Thereby, the balance between mechanical performance and flame retardant properties of biocomposites has been achieved in the practical engineering requirements. Furthermore, cone calorimeter data indicated that modified cassava dregs–MHSH hybrids played a role in improving the fire safety of composites. The total heat release, total smoke produce, toxic gas release, and total oxygen consumed of 70P/23I/5C/2M were lowered compared with those of 70P/25I/5C. Dynamics analysis indicated that the addition of modified cassava dregs–MHSH hybrids increased the activation energy of composites. Based on the experimental and analyses data, especially the morphological characterization of char residue analysis, it illustrated that modified cassava dregs–MHSH hybrids have a reinforcement and flame‐retardant effect. The combusted residue of the incorporated modified cassava dregs–MHSH hybrids could support the three‐dimensional charred layer formed by the combustion products of the IFR and the PBS. Thus, the more stable three‐dimensional charred layer could not only effectively reduce thermal conductivity of composites but also hinder the propagation of heat into the interior substrate, thereby improving the flame‐retardant properties of the WPC. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48490.