bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-Assisted Technology Versus the Conventional Landmark Location Method in Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery in Obese Parturients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Mengzhu , Ni Xiu , Xu Zhendong , Shen Fuyi , Song Yingcai , Li Qian , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Spinal anesthesia, which is commonly used in cesarean deliveries, is often difficult to perform in obese parturients because of poorly palpable surface landmarks and positioning challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of ultrasound-assisted technology for performing spinal anesthesia in obese parturients.

METHODS:
Parturients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were randomized to undergo spinal anesthesia using the conventional landmark location technique (landmark group, n = 40) or prepuncture ultrasound examination (ultrasound group, n = 40). All participants underwent spinal anesthesia in the lateral position. The primary outcome was the first-attempt success rate. Secondary outcomes were the number of skin punctures and needle passes, procedure times, patient satisfaction, changes in the intended interspace, and incidence of complications.

RESULTS:
The ultrasound group had a significantly higher first-attempt success rate (87.5% vs 52.5%; P = .001), fewer cases requiring >10 needle passes (1 vs 17; P < .001), and fewer skin punctures and needle passes (P < .001 for both). There was no statistically significant difference in the time taken to identify the needle insertion site between the 2 groups (202.5 vs 272.0 seconds; P = .580). Both the spinal injection time and total procedure time were significantly longer in the landmark group (P < .001). Patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher in the ultrasound group (P = .001). Among patients with BMI between 30 and 34.9 kg/m2, there was no statistically significant difference in the first-attempt success rate (P = .407), number of cases with >10 needle passes (P = .231), spinal injection time (P = .081), or total procedure time (P = .729); however, more time was required to identify the needle insertion site in the ultrasound group (P < .001). For patients with BMI between 35 and 43 kg/m2, the ultrasound group had a significantly higher first-attempt success rate (P ≤ .041), fewer cases with >10 needle passes (P ≤ .01), and shorter procedure times, including the time required to identify the needle insertion site (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Prepuncture ultrasound examination can facilitate spinal anesthesia in the lateral position in obese parturients (35 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤ 43 kg/m2) by improving the first-attempt success rate, reducing the number of needle passes and puncture attempts, shortening the total procedure time, and improving patient satisfaction.
A Predictive Model for Determining Patients Not Requiring Prolonged Hospital Length of Stay After Elective Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Gabriel Rodney A. , Sharma Beamy S. , Doan Christina N. , Jiang Xiaoqian , Schmidt Ulrich H. , Vaida Florin 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:Hospital length of stay (LOS) is an important quality metric for total hip arthroplasty. Accurately predicting LOS is important to expectantly manage bed utilization and other hospital resources. We aimed to develop a predictive model for determining patients who do not require prolonged LOS.METHODS:This was a retrospective single-institution study analyzing patients undergoing elective unilateral primary total hip arthroplasty from 2014 to 2016. The primary outcome of interest was LOS less than or equal to the expected duration, defined as ≤3 days. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to generate a model for this outcome, and a point-based calculator was designed. The model was built on a training set, and performance was assessed on a validation set. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test were calculated to determine discriminatory ability and goodness-of-fit, respectively. Predictive models using other machine learning techniques (ridge regression, Lasso, and random forest) were created, and model performances were compared.RESULTS:The point-based score calculator included 9 variables: age, opioid use, metabolic equivalents score, sex, anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, obesity, and primary anesthesia type. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the calculator on the validation set was 0.735 (95% confidence interval, 0.675–0.787) and demonstrated adequate goodness-of-fit (Hosmer–Lemeshow test,P= .37). When using a score of 12 as a threshold for predicting outcome, the positive predictive value was 86.1%.CONCLUSIONS:A predictive model that can help identify patients at higher odds for not requiring a prolonged hospital LOS was developed and may aid hospital administrators in strategically planning bed availability to reduce both overcrowding and underutilization when coordinating with surgical volume.
Is Tube Thermosoftening Helpful for Videolaryngoscope-Guided Nasotracheal Intubation?:
Authors: Kim Eun Mi , Chung Mi Hwa , Lee Mi Hyeon , Choi Eun Mi , Jun In-Jung , Yun Tae Hyung , Ko Yong Kuk , Kim Jin Hwan , Jun Joo Hyun 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Thermosoftening of the endotracheal tube (ETT) and telescoping the ETT into a rubber catheter have been suggested as a method for reducing epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation (NTI). However, thermosoftening technique is known to make it difficult to navigate the ETT into trachea without the use of Magill forceps during NTI. The cuff inflation technique has been suggested as an effective alternative to the use of Magill forceps to improve the oropharyngeal navigation of the ETT, irrespective of their stiffness, during direct laryngoscope-guided NTI. We evaluated whether thermosoftening of the ETT telescoped into rubber catheters has an additional benefit in reducing nasal injury. Simultaneously, we also evaluated whether thermosoftening of the ETT worsened orotracheal navigability during cuff inflation-supplemented videolaryngoscope-guided NTI.

METHODS:
One hundred forty patients were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 groups depending on whether the ETT was softened by warming or not. The primary outcome was the incidence of epistaxis during NTI. The secondary outcome was nasotracheal navigability of the ETT, assessed by navigation grade and time required for insertion of ETT in each phase (from nose to oropharynx, from oropharynx to glottic inlet aided by cuff inflation if needed, and from glottic inlet to trachea).

RESULTS:
The ETTs were successfully inserted through the selected nostril of all 140 patients. In the thermosoftening group, the incidence and severity of epistaxis was significantly lower (7% vs 51%; difference of 44.2%; 95% confidence interval, 29.9%–56.2%; P < .001), and the ETT passed through the nasal cavity with lower resistance (P = .001) and less time (P < .001) when compared to the control group. No difference was found in the ease of ETT insertion (navigation grade and time required) from the oropharynx to the glottic inlet (P > .99 and P = .054, respectively) and from the glottic inlet to the trachea (P > .99 and P = .750, respectively) between the 2 groups. In both groups, all ETTs could be navigated into the trachea without the use of Magill forceps.

CONCLUSIONS:
Supplemented with cuff inflation during videolaryngoscope-guided NTI, thermosoftening of the ETT telescoped into rubber catheters has a substantial benefit because it significantly reduces the incidence of epistaxis without worsening the oropharyngeal navigability of the ETT.
ANALYSIS GLOBAL BUSINESS CYCLE AND FISCAL RISKS : An Empirical Study of ASEAN-5
Authors: Aulia Sarah , Kurnia Akhmad Syakir 
Published: September 2018

This thesis aims to analyze global business cycle and fiscal risk in ASEAN-5 which is expected to be explained by several explanatory variables including primary balance/GDP, oil price, economic growth, output gap, and LIBOR interest rate. More spesifically, this thesis focus on the effect of oil price with Debt/GDP is a benchmark of fiscal risk. This research used panel data of ASEAN-5 period 2000-2014. Prior to conducting the analysis, this study looked at the correlation coefficients between the cycle components (output gap) and the primary balance per GDP to identify the fiscal policy character in each country. The cycle component is calculated by using the difference between original series and trend components using Hodrick Prescott Filter. The fiscal policy characteristics of Indonesia, Malaysia, Phillipines, and Thailand apply procyclical policies while singapore implements countercyclical fiscal policy. The results of the analysis conducted using the fixed effect method show the global business cycle and world oil price fluctuations affect the fiscal risks. The results of this study indicate when the business cycle in a state of booming domestic governments tend to increase government spending and create fiscal risks. Meanwhile, the LIBOR and Primary Balance rate per GDP which is a variable derivative of the fiscal suistanability concept has an effect on fiscal risk. However, economic growth has no effect because the current debt is the tax burden in the future.
IMPOLITENESS IN INDONESIAN TELEVISON SERIES: A CASE STUDY OF VERBAL ABUSE IN ANAK LANGIT TV SERIES
Authors: Savitri Ida Ayu , Tiani Riris 
Published: September 2018

Anak Langit is an Indonesian sinema elektronik (sinetron) or electronic cinema, a kind of tv series, for teenagers since most of the main characters are teenagers. Young viewers love this tv series as it tells us about the life of a motor gang in a big city which becoming a trend recently in several big cities in Indonesia. Although the main characters show the viewers how to be a good motor gang with positive attitude, we consider the language of this TV series is impolite as the rival of this motor gang often shows verbal abuse in most of their scenes using Bahasa Indonesia dialect Betawi (the language of Betawi people, the people of Betawi Kampong in Jakarta). Those impolite utterances may be used to show the real life, including the colloquial language, of Jakarta/Betawi people which sometimes considered impolite by common people. It may be also done to strengthen the characteristics of the antagonist ones who are impolite and rude. In Pragmatics Study, impoliteness violates the Maxims of Politeness Principles. This violation can be seen as electronic media violence that may influence viewers to imitate the verbal abuse such as using the impolite utterance or doing the violence. In the end, it may leads into violence and less pro-social behaviour
Spiritual Pregnancy in Plato’s Theaetetus
Authors: Futter Dylan B. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Socrates’ midwife metaphor in Theaetetus depends logically on the concept of male spiritual pregnancy. Male spiritual pregnancy is typically understood as a process in which a young man develops in his mind a theory or idea; a spiritual child is, on this view, a theory; and spiritual childbirth is the painful movement of a developed theory from the mind into the speech-world. Although this account of spiritual pregnancy and maieutics is widely accepted in the scholarship, it cannot be upheld. The intelligibility of Socrates’ midwife metaphor requires the recognition of two different kinds of pregnancy, the false and the true. The first and false kind is roughly as the standard interpretation says that it is: a theory germinating in the mind; but Theaetetus’s true spiritual child is not a theory of knowledge—it is wisdom in his soul; true spiritual pregnancy is the actualisation of the soul’s potential for wisdom.
Fragment Aβ(18-41) presented within the CDR3 loop region of a shark immunoglobulin new antigen receptor single-variable domain antibody analyzed based on the fuzzy oil drop model
Authors: Banach Mateusz , Konieczny Leszek , Wiśniowski Zdzisław , Roterman Irena 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The structure of amyloid Aβ(1-41) is the object of many papers due to the neurodegenerative processes induced by this amyloid. One of the ways to investigate the possible structural forms other than the amyloid is to incorporate the fragment of this peptide into the chain of immunoglobulin. Fragment Aβ(18-41) presented within the CDR3 loop region of a shark immunoglobulin new antigen receptor single-variable domain antibody is the object of this analysis. The structure of this hybrid is available in the PDB and analyzed based on the fuzzy oil drop model. The aim is to define the status of this fragment, revealing the possible fitting to the ordered form of the hydrophobic core. Simultaneously, the verification of the predisposition to complexation is possible.
Intraoperative mapping of the sensory cortex by time-resolved thermal imaging
Authors: Hoffmann Nico , Radev Yordan , Koch Edmund , Petersohn Uwe , Steiner Gerald , Kirsch Matthias 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The resection of brain tumor requires a precise distinction between eloquent areas of the brain and pathological tumor tissue in order to improve the extent of resection as well as the patient’s progression free survival time. In this study, we discuss mathematical tools necessary to recognize neural activity using thermal imaging cameras. The main contribution to thermal radiation of the exposed human cortex is regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). In fact, neurovascular coupling links neural activity to changes in regional CBF which in turn affects the cortical temperature. We propose a statistically sound framework to visualize neural activity of the primary somatosensory cortex. The framework incorporates a priori known experimental conditions such as the thermal response to neural activity as well as unrelated effects induced by random neural activity and autoregulation. These experimental conditions can be adopted to certain electrical stimulation protocols so that the framework allows to unveil arbitrary evoked neural activity. The method was applied to semisynthetic as well as two intraoperative cases with promising results as we were able to map the eloquent sensory cortex with high sensitivity. Furthermore, the results were validated by anatomical localization and electrophysiological measurements.
The rational specimen for the quantitative detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA load
Authors: Kedi Wang , Dongjiang Xu , Zhi Lv , Yan Gao , Kun Jia , Jianrong Su 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load monitoring in blood is essential for the diagnosis of EBV-associated diseases. However, the best-suited blood compartment for detection is still under discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of EBV-DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), plasma and whole blood (WB) samples.

Methods
A total of 156 patients, including 45 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), 57 patients with EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and 54 patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), were enrolled in this study. The EBV-DNA load in PBMC, plasma and WB samples were measured with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results
EBV-DNA load of patients with HLH showed no statistical difference in PBMC, plasma and WB samples, while patients with IM and PTLD showed a higher viral load in PBMC samples. The strongest correlation of EBV-DNA level was found between PBMC and WB samples among patients with IM, HLH and PTLD. The follow-up of EBV-DNA showed that the viral load became negative along with the recovery from the disease, while that in WB and PBMC would remain positive for a long time.

Conclusions
For the diagnosis and monitoring of EBV-DNA, the type of specimen should be chosen reasonably according to the disease. As for IM and HLH, plasma is recommended to quantify the EBV-DNA load, while PBMC and plasma are preferred in PTLD.
Diabetes alert dogs: a narrative critical overview
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Plebani Mario 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Owing to their virtually incomparable olfactory apparatus and the mutual loving relationship with man, the use of dogs for assisting humans in many activities has become commonplace. Dogs have been used for long for livestock herding, hunting and pulling. More recently, they have been employed for servicing or assisting people with disabilities, for rescuing, for pet therapy and, last but not least, for detecting a vast array of volatile organic compounds related to drugs, narcotics, explosives and foods. Although cancer detection seems the most distinguished use of “man’s best friends” in science and medicine, increasing emphasis is being placed on their capacity to perceive chemical changes or human expressions associated with harmful, even life-threating, blood glucose variations. The evidence available in the current scientific literature attests that diabetes alerting dogs (DADs) have a heterogeneous efficiency for warning owners of episodes of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, with sensitivities and specificities ranging between 0.29–0.80 and 0.49–0.96, respectively. Although the adoption of DADs seems effective for improving the quality of life of many diabetics patients, some important drawbacks can be highlighted. These typically include adoption and keeping expenditures, lack of certification or accreditation of dog providers, poor harmonization of training procedures, significant inter-breed, intra-breed and intra-dog variabilities, wide-ranging alert behaviors, ability of owners to identify dog’s alerts, as well as lack of quality assessment of a dog’s “diagnostic” performance. Overcoming many of these limitations shall probably make DADs more efficient tools for improving diabetes management.
Gauß-Vorlesung in Regensburg mit Cédric Villani
Authors: Ammann Bernd , Küssner Thilo , Zentner Raphael 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Cédric Villani war der Hauptredner der Gauß-Vorlesung der DMV in Regensburg im Oktober 2017. Da Villani im Juni zuvor für die Partei En Marche! von Emmanuel Macron zum Abgeordneten des französischen Parlaments gewählt wurde, war es eine kleine
Sensation, dass er den lange versprochenen Termin einhalten konnte. Obwohl die deutsche Presse die Veranstaltung nahezu ignorierte, war der wunderschöne Neuhaussaal des Regensburger Theaters fast bis auf den letzten Platz gefüllt und zur Vermeidung von
Überfüllung mussten sogar kostenlose Platzkarten ausgegeben werden.
21 Maßnahmen für den Mathematik-Unterricht in Frankreich Die Hauptforderungen des Rapport Villani–Torossian
Authors: Agricola Ilka 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Alle Maßnahmen und Empfehlungen werden im Originalbericht in einem oder mehreren separaten Absätzen
erläutert und dann in sehr wenigen Worten zusammengefasst. Die Nummerierung und Kurzüberschriften der
Maßnahmen sowie die Überschriften der fünf „Blöcke“ entsprechen denen im Originalbericht. Die hier
gegebene Beschreibung ist eine Synthese dieser Erläuterungen und Zusammenfassungen, weshalb die von den
Autoren gewählten Kurzüberschriften nicht immer 100% passend erscheinen. Die wichtigsten Empfehlungen
wurden an der jeweils passenden Stelle bei den Maßnahmen mit aufgenommen. Entsprechend hat eine
Auswahl stattgefunden, welche Empfehlungen und Aspekte in dieser Zusammenfassung vorkommen – und
welche nicht. Wichtige französische Begriffe sind kursiv gesetzt.
Within the Public-Private Divide. Right to Housing and Consumer Law in Recent European Private Law Trends
Authors: Albanese Rocco Alessio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper intends to discuss some major European legal issues by building on the critique of a certain narrow relevance of human basic needs, according to traditional Western legal conceptions of the subject as well as of the public-private divide. In particular it aims at verifying the potentiality of consumer law for rethinking the right to housing, within recent trends of European Private Law, by adopting a remedial approach. For this reason the paper analyzes three well-known cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) – namely Aziz, Sanchez Morcillo and Kušionová – as examples of this meaningful trend. Through the combination of the fairness test over contractual terms with the criteria of effectiveness and proportionality, a broader protection of right to housing is recognised even in horizontal private relationships. Art. 7 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (CFREU) could represent the constitutional reference for this new perspective. The paper also intends to show how the relevance of the basic need for housing is traced to debtor's families. CJEU's interpretative itinerary seems to start from a fairness test about contractual terms, but eventually comes to give protection to subjective situations that are even out of the domain of the contract.
Language teacher identity construction: Insights from non-native Chinese-speaking teachers in a Danish higher educational context
Authors: Zhang Chun , Zhang Ying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis qualitative study concerns foreign language teacher identity construction, where the focal participants are four non-native Chinese-speaking teachers (NNCSTs) working in a higher educational context in Denmark. The study aims to go beyond the current prevailing research on native speaking (NS) teachers by making NNCSTs’ challenges and contributions visible and meaningful. It attempts to raise awareness of NNCSTs’ voices and seek better understanding of their identities as foreign language teachers. Data are gathered from in-depth questionnaires, audio-recorded interviews, classroom observations and field notes over a period of four years. Participants’ perceptions of native Chinese-speaking teachers’ (NCSTs) pedagogical practices and their critical reflections on personal and professional traits as effective language teachers are examined. The roles of non-nativeness in a non-Chinese working environment are also explored. The study concludes that being a NNCST does not create barriers in a local Danish context. Rather, non-native speaker status has positive advantages over teacher-student relationships and interactions. NNSCTs’ beneficial personality traits, comparatively high sensitivity to linguistic and cultural differences, empathetic understanding of students’ learning trajectory, along with their constant and conscious development of locally appropriate practices, altogether enhance the process of professional identity construction.