bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter-axonal recognition organizes Drosophila olfactory map formation
Authors: Goyal Gaurav , Zierau Ariane , Lattemann Marc , Bergkirchner Beate , Javorski Dominik , Kaur Rashmit , Hummel Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOlfactory systems across the animal kingdom show astonishing similarities in their morphological and functional organization. In mouse and Drosophila, olfactory sensory neurons are characterized by the selective expression of a single odorant receptor (OR) type and by the OR class-specific connection in the olfactory brain center. Monospecific OR expression in mouse provides each sensory neuron with a unique recognition identity underlying class-specific axon sorting into synaptic glomeruli. Here we show that in Drosophila, although OR genes are not involved in sensory neuron connectivity, afferent sorting via OR class-specific recognition defines a central mechanism of odortopic map formation. Sensory neurons mutant for the Ig-domain receptor Dscam converge into ectopic glomeruli with single OR class identity independent of their target cells. Mosaic analysis showed that Dscam prevents premature recognition among sensory axons of the same OR class. Single Dscam isoform expression in projecting axons revealed the importance of Dscam diversity for spatially restricted glomerular convergence. These data support a model in which the precise temporal-spatial regulation of Dscam activity controls class-specific axon sorting thereby indicating convergent evolution of olfactory map formation via self-patterning of sensory neurons.
Horses associate individual human voices with the valence of past interactions: a behavioural and electrophysiological study
Authors: d’Ingeo Serenella , Quaranta Angelo , Siniscalchi Marcello , Stomp Mathilde , Coste Caroline , Bagnard Charlotte , Hausberger Martine , Cousillas Hugo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBrain lateralization is a phenomenon widely reported in the animal kingdom and sensory laterality has been shown to be an indicator of the appraisal of the stimulus valence by an individual. This can prove a useful tool to investigate how animals perceive intra- or hetero-specific signals. The human-animal relationship provides an interesting framework for testing the impact of the valence of interactions on emotional memories. In the present study, we tested whether horses could associate individual human voices with past positive or negative experiences. Both behavioural and electroencephalographic measures allowed examining laterality patterns in addition to the behavioural reactions. The results show that horses reacted to voices associated with past positive experiences with increased attention/arousal (gamma oscillations in the right hemisphere) and indicators of a positive emotional state (left hemisphere activation and ears held forward), and to those associated with past negative experiences with negative affective states (right hemisphere activation and ears held backwards). The responses were further influenced by the animals’ management conditions (e.g. box or pasture). Overall, these results, associating brain and behaviour analysis, clearly demonstrate that horses’ representation of human voices is modulated by the valence of prior horse-human interactions.
Molecular Detection of Theileria ovis and Theleiria equi in Livestock from Palestine
Authors: Azmi Kifaya , Al-Jawabreh Amer , Abdeen Ziad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTheileria and Babesia are intracellular protozoan parasites infecting a wide range of animals. In Palestine, there is limited information on the prevalence of Theileria and Babesia spp. in livestock. We used PCR of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene followed by DNA sequencing to detect and identify parasite DNA in blood samples from sheep (n = 49), goats (n = 48), horses (n = 40), camels (n = 34), donkeys (n = 28) and mules (n = 2) from four districts of Palestine. DNA of T. ovis and T. equi was detected in 19 and 2 ovine blood samples, respectively. None of the camels, donkeys, and goats were positive for T. ovis. Sheep had a significantly higher rate of infection than other animals (P < 0.05). Theileria ovis is highly prevalent in sheep, while T. equi DNA was detected in a small proportion of the equids in Palestine.
Dauer life stage of Caenorhabditis elegans induces elevated levels of defense against the parasite Serratia marcescens
Authors: White P. Signe , Penley McKenna J. , Tierney Aimee R. Paulk , Soper Deanna M. , Morran Levi T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHost-parasite research often focuses on a single host life stage, yet different life stages may exhibit different defenses. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has an alternate dispersal life stage, dauer. Despite dauer’s importance in nature, we know little of how it responds to parasites. Previous research indicates that non-dauer C. elegans prefer to consume the virulent bacterial parasite, Serratia marcescens, when given a choice between the parasite and benign Escherichia coli. Here, we compared the preferences of dauer individuals from six strains of C. elegans to the preferences of other life stages. We found that dauer individuals exhibited reduced preference for S. marcescens, and dauers from some strains preferred E. coli to S. marcescens. In addition to testing food preference, a mechanism of parasite avoidance, we also measured host mortality rates after direct parasite exposure to determine if life stage also altered host survival. Overall, dauer individuals exhibited reduced mortality rates. However, dauer versus non-dauer larvae mortality rates also varied significantly by host strain. Collectively, we found evidence of dauer-induced parasite avoidance and reduced mortality in the presence of a parasite, but these effects were strain-specific. These results demonstrate the importance of host life stage and genotype when assessing infection dynamics.
Medium-thickness-dependent proton dosimetry for radiobiological experiments
Authors: Shahmohammadi Beni Mehrdad , Krstic Dragana , Nikezic Dragoslav , Yu Kwan Ngok 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA calibration method was proposed in the present work to determine the medium-thickness-dependent proton doses absorbed in cellular components (i.e., cellular cytoplasm and nucleus) in radiobiological experiments. Consideration of the dependency on medium thickness was crucial as the linear energy transfer (LET) of protons could rise to a sharp peak (known as the Bragg peak) towards the end of their ranges. Relationships between the calibration coefficient R vs medium-layer thickness were obtained for incident proton energies of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 MeV, and for various medium thicknesses up to 5000 μm, where R was defined as the ratio DA/DE, DA was the absorbed proton dose in cellular components, and DE was the absorbed proton dose in a separate radiation detector. In the present work, DA and DE were determined using the MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended) code version 2.4.0. For lower incident proton energies (i.e., 10, 15 and 20 MeV), formation of Bragg-peak-like features were noticed in their R-vs-medium-layer-thickness relationships, and large R values of >7 and >6 were obtained for cytoplasm and nucleus of cells, respectively, which highlighted the importance of careful consideration of the medium thickness in radiobiological experiments.
Crystal structures of AztD provide mechanistic insights into direct zinc transfer between proteins
Authors: Neupane Durga Prasad , Fullam Stephanie Hope , Chacón Kelly Natalia , Yukl Erik Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractZinc acquisition from limited environments is critical for bacterial survival and pathogenesis. AztD has been identified as a periplasmic or cell surface zinc-binding protein in numerous bacterial species. In Paracoccus denitrificans, AztD can transfer zinc directly to AztC, the solute binding protein for a zinc-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter system, suggesting a role in zinc acquisition and homeostasis. Here, we present the first cry	stal structures of AztD from P. denitrificans and tbe human pathogen Citrobacter koseri, revealing a beta-propeller fold and two high-affinity zinc-binding sites that are highly conserved among AztD homologs. These structures combined with transfer assays using WT and mutant proteins provide rare insight into the mechanism of direct zinc transfer from one protein to another. Given the importance of zinc import to bacterial pathogenesis, these insights may prove valuable to the development of zinc transfer inhibitors as antibiotics.
Broken force dispersal network in tip-links by the mutations at the Ca2+-binding residues induces hearing-loss
Authors: Hazra Jagadish P. , Sagar Amin , Arora Nisha , Deb Debadutta , Kaur Simerpreet , Rakshit Sabyasachi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Tip-link as force-sensor in hearing conveys the mechanical force originating from sound to ion-channels while maintaining the integrity of the entire sensory assembly in the inner ear. This delicate balance between structure and function of tip-links is regulated by Ca2+-ions present in endolymph. Mutations at the Ca2+-binding sites of tip-links often lead to congenital deafness, sometimes syndromic defects impairing vision along with hearing. Although such mutations are already identified, it is still not clear how the mutants alter the structure-function properties of the force-sensors associated with diseases. With an aim to decipher the differences in force-conveying properties of the force-sensors in molecular details, we identified the conformational variability of mutant and wild-type tip-links at the single-molecule level using FRET at the endolymphatic Ca2+ concentrations and subsequently measured the force-responsive behavior using single-molecule force spectroscopy with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). AFM allowed us to mimic the high and wide range of force ramps (103–106 pN s−1) as experienced in the inner ear. We performed in silico network analysis to learn that alterations in the conformations of the mutants interrupt the natural force-propagation paths through the sensors and make the mutant tip-links vulnerable to input forces from sound stimuli. We also demonstrated that a Ca2+ rich environment can restore the force-response of the mutant tip-links which may eventually facilitate the designing of better therapeutic strategies to the hearing loss.
Railway traction DC–DC converter: Comparison of Si, SiC‐hybrid, and full SiC versions with 1700 V power modules
Authors: Rujas Alejandro , López Víctor M. , Garcia‐Bediaga Asier , Berasategi Aloña , Nieva Txomin 
Published: August 2019

The influence of the silicon carbide (SiC) technology in terms of volume, weight, efficiency, and cost in a 225 kW DC–DC railway converter is detailed in this study. Three different power modules technologies have been used: ‘traditional’ silicon‐based power modules, SiC‐hybrid modules, and the newest full‐SiC power modules available in the market. An experimental comparison of the SiC‐hybrid and full‐SiC modules is presented, showing their switching waveforms compared with those of the original Si modules. The highest speeds obtained by the SiC technology make the use of the traditional power module packages impossible employing Si technology. Hence, the first full‐SiC modules available in the market are offered in low current ratings, requiring the complete redesign of the power converter to take advantage of the capabilities of the full‐SiC modules. The railway power converter under study in this work is nowadays used to regenerate the braking energy in a DC 750 V tram with some catenary‐free areas. As a final result, a full‐SiC version of converter is achieved.
Water masers in Compton-thick AGN
Authors: Castangia P. , Surcis G. , Tarchi A. , Caccianiga A. , Severgnini P. , Della Ceca R. 
Published: August 2019

Aims. Investigations of H2O maser galaxies at X-ray energies reveal that most active galactic nuclei (AGN) associated with water masers are characterized by high levels of absorption. With the aim of finding new maser sources for possible interferometric follow-ups, we have searched for water maser emission in a well-defined sample of heavily absorbed AGN (NH >  1023 cm−2), including Compton-thick (CT) sources.
Methods. Previous surveys already searched for 22 GHz water maser emission in all the galaxies in this sample. With the goal of providing a detection or a stringent upper limit on the H2O luminosity, we reobserved some of the non-detected sources with the Green Bank Telescope. A new luminous H2O maser (LH2O ∼ 200 L⊙) was detected in the mid-IR-bright Seyfert 2 galaxy IRAS 15480−0344 and then followed-up with the Very Long Baseline Array. In order to shed light on the origin of the maser (jet, outflow, or disk), we recently observed the radio continuum emission in IRAS 15480-0344 with the European VLBI network (EVN) at 1.7 and 5.0 GHz.
Results. With the newly discovered megamaser in IRAS 15480−0344 revealing a narrow (∼0.6 km s−1) and a broad (∼90 km s−1) component, the maser detection rate of the CT AGN sample is 50% (18/36), which is one of the highest ever found in maser surveys. The EVN maps show two bright sources (labeled SW and NE) in the nuclear region of IRAS 15480−0344, which we interpret as jet knots tracing regions where the radio plasma impacts dense molecular clouds. The narrow maser feature is approximately at the center of the imaginary line connecting the two continuum sources, likely pinpointing the core, and might be associated with the accretion disk or a nuclear outflow. The location of the broad maser feature, instead, coincides with source NE, suggesting that the maser emission might be produced by a jet-cloud interaction, as it was proposed for NGC 1068 and Mrk 348.
Towards mapping turbulence in the intra-cluster medium
Authors: Clerc Nicolas , Cucchetti Edoardo , Pointecouteau Etienne , Peille Philippe 
Published: August 2019

Context. X-ray observations of galaxy clusters provide insights into the nature of gaseous turbulent motions, their physical scales, and the fundamental processes to which they are related. Spatially-resolved, high-resolution spectral measurements of X-ray emission lines provide diagnostics on the nature of turbulent motions in emitting atmospheres. Since they are acting on scales comparable to the size of the objects, the uncertainty on these physical parameters is limited by the number of observational measurements, through sample variance.
Aims. We propose a different and complementary approach to repeating numerical simulations for the computation of sample variance (i.e. Monte-Carlo sampling) by introducing new analytical developments for lines diagnosis.
Methods. We considered the model of a “turbulent gas cloud”, consisting in isotropic and uniform turbulence described by a universal Kolmogorov power-spectrum with random amplitudes and phases in an optically thin medium. Following a simple prescription for the four-term correlation of Fourier coefficients, we derived generic expressions for the sample mean and variance of line centroid shift, line broadening, and projected velocity structure function. We performed a numerical validation based on Monte-Carlo simulations for two popular models of gas emissivity based on the β-model.
Results. Generic expressions for the sample variance of line centroid shifts and broadening in arbitrary apertures are derived and match the simulations within their range of applicability. Generic expressions for the mean and variance of the structure function are provided and verified against simulations. An application to the Athena/X-IFU (Advanced Telescope for High-ENergy Astrophysics/X-ray Integral Field Unit) and XRISM/Resolve (X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) instruments forecasts the potential of sensitive, spatially-resolved spectroscopy to probe the inertial range of turbulent velocity cascades in a Coma-like galaxy cluster.
Conclusions. The formulas provided are of generic relevance and can be implemented in forecasts for upcoming or current X-ray instrumentation and observing programmes.
The coronal temperature of NGC 4388 and NGC 2110 measured with INTEGRAL
Authors: Ursini F. , Bassani L. , Malizia A. , Bazzano A. , Bird A. J. , Stephen J. B. , Ubertini P. 
Published: August 2019

Aims. We aim to measure the physical properties of the hot X-ray corona of two active galactic nuclei, NGC 4388 and NGC 2110.
Methods. We analysed the hard X-ray (20–300 keV) INTEGRAL spectrum in conjunction with archival XMM–Newton and NuSTAR data.
Results. The X-ray spectrum of both sources is phenomenologically well described by an absorbed cut-off power law. In agreement with previous results, we find no evidence of a Compton reflection component in these sources. We obtain a high-energy cut-off of 200−40+75 keV for NGC 4388 and 320−60+100 keV for NGC 2110. A fit with a thermal Comptonisation model yields a coronal temperature of 80−20+40 keV and 75−15+20 keV, respectively, and an optical depth of approximately two, assuming a spherical geometry. The coronal temperature and luminosity of both sources are consistent with pair production that acts as a thermostat for the thermal plasma. These results emphasise the importance of good signal-to-noise X-ray data above 100 keV to probe the high-energy emission of AGNs.
APP – Das Amberger Perforationsprojekt als Grundlage für die Etablierung eines Komplikationserfassungs- und Managementsystems (KEMS) in der Endoskopie
Authors: Decassian Thomas , Dauer Marc 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zurzeit ist ein Paradigmenwechsel bei der Therapie der iatrogenen gastrointestinalen Perforation hin zu einer primär endoskopischen Versorgung festzustellen.
Material und Methoden Alle Perforationen im Rahmen aller konsekutiven gastrointestinalen Endoskopien von 01.01.2014 bis 31.12.2017 im Klinikum St. Marien Amberg wurden erfasst, dokumentiert und evaluiert. Hausinterne SOPs zum Prozedere wurden erstellt und kommuniziert. Grundsätzlich wurde der primäre interventionell-endoskopische Perforationsverschluss angestrebt, stets im interdisziplinären Konsens mit der Viszeralchirurgie.
Ergebnisse Es kam im Beobachtungszeitraum zu 24 Perforationen bei 18 627 konsekutiven Endoskopien (0,13 %). Fälle mit bildgebendem Nachweis freier Luft ohne erkennbare Perforation waren gleich häufig wie Perforationen (12 Post-Polypektomiesyndrome und 12 Ereignisse nach ERCP mit EPT). Die Diagnose der Perforation erfolgte zu 95,8 % (23/24) innerhalb 12 h (davon 20 bereits bei der Endoskopie). Die initiale Therapiemodalität war in jeweils 3 Fällen primär operativ bzw. primär konservativ und in 17 Fällen primär endoskopisch (4 × Clips, 10 × OTSC, 3 × SEMS). In 1 Fall wurde keine Therapie durchgeführt. Es war eine Letalität von 4,2 % (1/24) zu verzeichnen. In 3 Fällen war sekundär ein operatives Vorgehen erforderlich, sodass insgesamt in 25 % (6/24) eine chirurgische Therapie erfolgte. Die interventionell-endoskopische Therapie war technisch erfolgreich zu 94,1 % (16/17) bei einem klinischen Erfolg nach Perforationsverschluss von 87,5 % (14/16).
Diskussion Das Konzept der interventionell-endoskopischen Therapie iatrogener Perforationen ist im klinischen Alltag sicher und erfolgreich umsetzbar. Entscheidende Erfolgsfaktoren sind die kurze Zeitspanne bis zum Verschluss der Perforation und der stets anzustrebende interdisziplinäre Konsens im Vorfeld der Therapie. Auf der Basis der Ergebnisse wurde ein umfassendes Komplikationserfassungs- und Managementsystem (KEMS) für die Endoskopie ab 2016 in unserer Klinik etabliert (integriert in das Befunderstellungssystem und das Klinikinformationssystem).
Sekundär sklerosierende Cholangitis bei kritisch Kranken
Authors: Hentschel Florian , Bornscheuer Till , Lüth Stefan 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie sklerosierende Cholangitis der kritisch Kranken (secondary cholangitis of the critically ill patient: SC-CIP) ist eine relativ neue Entität innerhalb der sekundären Cholangitiden. Sie entwickelt sich in der Folge einer intensivmedizinischen Behandlung mit Beatmung und Katecholamintherapie. Pathophysiologische Grundlage ist eine ischämische oder immunologische Schädigung der intrahepatischen Gallenwege, die sich verselbstständigt und über das Ende der Intensivtherapie hinaus fortbesteht. Klinisch und laborchemisch findet sich zunächst eine akute Cholangitis mit einem Anstieg von CRP, gamma-GT, AP und Bilirubin. Die ERCP zeigt Schäden an den kleinen Gallenwegen mit Kalibersprüngen und biliären Ausgusskonkrementen. Die darauf folgende chronische Phase verläuft oligosymptomatisch. Alle Laborparameter bleiben aber leicht erhöht; in ERCP und MRCP zeigt sich ein fortschreitender Untergang der intrahepatischen Gallenwege. Die Langzeitprognose ist schlecht. Auch unter einer Therapie mit UDCA entwickelt die Mehrzahl der Patienten innerhalb von Monaten bis wenigen Jahren eine Leberzirrhose.
ARF6 and AMAP1 are major targets of
KRAS
and
TP53
mutations to promote invasion, PD-L1 dynamics, and immune evasion of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Hashimoto Shigeru , Furukawa Shotaro , Hashimoto Ari , Tsutaho Akio , Fukao Akira , Sakamura Yurika , Parajuli Gyanu , Onodera Yasuhito , Otsuka Yutaro , Handa Haruka , Oikawa Tsukasa , Hata Soichiro , Nishikawa Yoshihiro , Mizukami Yusuke , Kodama Yuzo , Murakami Masaaki , Fujiwara Toshinobu , Hirano Satoshi , Sabe Hisataka 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Pancreatic ductal carcinomas (PDACs) have been extensively studied regarding their genomic alterations, microenvironmental intercommunication, and metabolic reprogramming. However, identification of the protein machinery of tumor cells that eventually drives malignancy as a result of driver mutations, and their associated events, is highly anticipated toward the development of precision medicine. The lack of such information regarding PDACs has hindered the elucidation of mechanisms driving malignancies, leaving them incurable. Here we demonstrated that the 2 well-known pancreatic driver mutations cooperatively activate a specific signaling pathway that promotes tumor invasion and immune evasion properties. Our results provide insights into the molecular basis by which malignancies often develop in parallel with oncogenesis and PDAC cell growth, as well as druggable targets for immunotherapies.
Classifying fishing behavioral diversity using high-frequency movement data
Authors: O’Farrell Shay , Chollett Iliana , Sanchirico James N. , Perruso Larry 
Published: August 2019

SignificanceEffective fisheries management is needed to rebuild overfished stocks and prevent future overfishing, and doing so requires an understanding of fishers’ behavior. We offer an approach where “big data” routinely collected by many fisheries agencies can be used in a data-driven framework to classify fishers into discrete behavioral types, refining themétierconcept and facilitating the inclusion of behavioral information into near-real-time fisheries management.
Investigating the cognitive ergonomic aspects of translation tools in a workplace setting
Authors: Teixeira Carlos S. C. , O'Brien Sharon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper reports on an empirical study that investigates the translation process in the workplace from a cognitive ergonomic perspective. In particular, the interaction between ten translators employed by a language service provider and the tools they deploy are examined. To that end, we recorded the translators’ workplace activities using keystroke logging, screen recording and eye tracking, combined with short retrospective interviews. We analysed their behaviour in terms of how they switched between the two screens on their desks, how they used different tools and where they invested their visual attention. Data related to productivity and quality are also presented. Among other findings, our data reveal that validation searches for terms and general expressions lead to considerable tool and task switching among professional translators.