bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘He just gave up’: an exploratory study into the perspectives of paid carers on supporting older people living in care homes with depression, self-harm, and suicide ideation and behaviours
Authors: Hafford-Letchfield Trish , Gleeson Helen , Ryan Peter , Billings Barbara , Teacher Ruth , Quaife Matthew , Flynn Ann , Poma Stefano Zanone , Vicentini Silvia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study explored the concept of ‘giving up’ from the perspective of care staff working in care homes, and their everyday communication and hidden knowledge concerning what they think about this taboo topic and the context it reflects. Moving to a care home is a major transition where cumulative losses can pose risks to mental health in later life. If not recognised, this vulnerability can lead to depression which extends to suicide ideation and behaviours in the form of self-harm and self-neglect. Care homes are a significant place of care until death, yet a discourse of silence means that self-harm and suicide is under-reported or not attended to with specialist expertise. The layperson's concept of an older person ‘giving up’ on life is hardly discussed in the literature. This co-produced qualitative study used an inductive approach to explore this phenomenon through focus groups with 33 care staff across four care homes in South-East England. Findings paint a complex picture, highlighting tensions in providing the right support and creating spaces to respond to such challenging situations. ‘Giving up’ requires skilled detailed assessment to respond to risks alongside improved training and support for paid carers, to achieve a more holistic strategy which capitalises on significant relationships within a wider context.
Investigating the canon in A-Level music: Musical prescription in A-level music syllabuses (for first examination in 2018)
Authors: Whittaker Adam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe canon forming the backbone of most conceptions of Western music has been a feature of musical culture for decades, exerting an influence upon musical study in educational settings. In English school contexts, the once perceived superiority of classical music in educational terms has been substantially revised and reconsidered, opening up school curricula to other musical traditions and styles on an increasingly equal basis. However, reforms to GCSE and A-levels (examinations taken aged 16 and 18 respectively), which have taken place from 2010 onwards, have refocused attention on canonic knowledge rather than skills-based learning. In musical terms, this has reinforced the value of ‘prescribed works’ in A-level music specifications.Thus far, little attention has been paid to the extent to which a kind of scholastic canon is maintained in the Western European Art Music section of the listening and appraising units in current A-level music specifications. Though directed in part by guidance from Ofqual (Office of Qualifications and Examinations Regulation, the regulatory body for qualifications in England), there is evidence of a broader cultural trend at work. The present article seeks to compare the historical evidence presented in Robert Legg's 2012 article with current A-level specifications. Such a comparison establishes points of change and similarity in the canon of composers selected for close study in current A-levels, raising questions about the purpose and function of such qualifications.
Intergenerational gaps in Mexican American values trajectories: Associations with parent–adolescent conflict and adolescent psychopathology
Authors: Gonzales Nancy A. , Knight George P. , Gunn Heather J. , Tein Jenn-Yun , Tanaka Rika , White Rebecca M. B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGrowth mixture modeling with a sample of 749 Mexican heritage families identified parallel trajectories of adolescents’ and their mothers’ heritage cultural values and parallel trajectories of adolescents’ and their fathers’ heritage cultural values from Grades 5 to 10. Parallel trajectory profiles were then used to test cultural gap-distress theory that predicts increased parent–adolescent conflict and adolescent psychopathology over time when adolescents become less aligned with Mexican heritage values compared to their parents. Six similar parallel profiles were identified for the mother–youth and father–youth dyads, but only one of the six was consistent with the hypothesized problem gap pattern in which adolescents’ values were declining over time to become more discrepant from their parents. When compared to families in the other trajectory groups as a whole, mothers in the mother–adolescent problem gap trajectory group reported higher levels of mother–adolescent conflict in the 10th grade that accounted for subsequent increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms assessed in 12th grade. Although the findings provided some support for cultural gap-distress predictions, they were not replicated with adolescent report of conflict nor with the father–adolescent trajectory group analyses. Exploratory pairwise comparisons between all six mother–adolescent trajectory groups revealed additional differences that qualified and extended these findings.
The Benefits of Using a Consistent Tangent Operator for Viscoelastoplastic Computations in Geodynamics
Authors: Duretz Thibault , Souche Alban , de Borst René , Le Pourhiet Laetitia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStrain localization is ubiquitous in geodynamics and occurs at all scales within the lithosphere. How the lithosphere accommodates deformation controls, for example, the structure of orogenic belts and the architecture of rifted margins. Understanding and predicting strain localization is therefore of major importance in geodynamics. While the deeper parts of the lithosphere effectively deform in a viscous manner, shallower levels are characterized by an elastoplastic rheological behavior. Herein we propose a fast and accurate way of solving problems that involve elastoplastic deformations based on the consistent linearization of the time‐discretized elastoplastic relation and the finite difference method. The models currently account for the pressure‐insensitive Von Mises and the pressure‐dependent Drucker‐Prager yield criteria. Consistent linearization allows for resolving strain localization at kilometer scale while providing optimal, that is, quadratic convergence of the force residual. We have validated our approach by a qualitative and quantitative comparison with results obtained using an independent code based on the finite element method. We also provide a consistent linearization for a viscoelastoplastic framework, and we demonstrate its ability to deliver exact partitioning between the viscous, the elastic, and the plastic strain components. The results of the study are fully reproducible, and the codes are available as a subset of M2Di MATLAB routines.
Stratospheric Connection to the Abrupt End of the 2016/2017 Iberian Drought
Authors: Ayarzagüena B. , Barriopedro D. , Garrido‐Perez J. M. , Abalos M. , de la Cámara A. , García‐Herrera R. , Calvo N. , Ordóñez C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSouthwestern Europe experienced extraordinary rainy and windy conditions in March 2018, leading to the end of the most severe drought since 1970 at continental scale. This anomalous weather was linked to a persistent negative North Atlantic Oscillation pattern. Two weeks earlier a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) took place, preceded by the strongest planetary wave activity on record. In this study, we explore the connection between the SSW and the weather shift by employing a weather regime approach and flow analogues. The timing of the downward propagation of the stratospheric anomalies, the transition to and persistence of the negative North Atlantic Oscillation weather regime, and the sudden precipitation increase are all consistent with the typical tropospheric state after SSWs. Our results evidence a significant role of the 2018 SSW in the record‐breaking precipitation event.
Electrostatic Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves as a Candidate to Cause Pulsating Auroras
Authors: Fukizawa M. , Sakanoi T. , Miyoshi Y. , Hosokawa K. , Shiokawa K. , Katoh Y. , Kazama Y. , Kumamoto A. , Tsuchiya F. , Miyashita Y. , Tanaka Y. ‐M. , Kasahara Y. , Ozaki M. , Matsuoka A. , Matsuda S. , Hikishima M. , Oyama S. , Ogawa Y. , Kurita S. , Fujii R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPulsating auroras (PsAs) are thought to be generated by precipitating electrons scattered by lower‐band chorus (LBC) waves near the magnetic equator. One‐to‐one correlation between the LBC intensity and the PsA intensity has been reported. Electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves can also scatter electrons. However, direct correlation between ECH and PsA has not been reported yet. In this study, using a coordinated Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace (Arase) satellite and ground‐based imager observation, we report that not only LBC but also ECH have correlation with PsA. We estimated the precipitating electron energy by assuming that the time lag when the cross‐correlation coefficient became the highest was travel time of electrons from the modulation region. We found that the estimated energies show reasonable values as the cyclotron resonance energy of each wave.
The Transition Between Antiparallel and Component Magnetic Reconnection at Earth's Dayside Magnetopause
Authors: Trattner K. J. , Burch J. L. , Cassak P. A. , Ergun R. , Eriksson S. , Fuselier S. A. , Giles B. L. , Gomez R. G. , Grimes E. W. , Petrinec S. M. , Webster J. M. , Wilder F. D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMagnetic reconnection at Earth's magnetopause is usually described by two different scenarios, antiparallel and component reconnection. The Maximum Magnetic Shear model combines these two scenarios at specific connection points known as the Knee regions. Using a database of confirmed magnetopause reconnection locations observed during Phase 1a of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, a recent study showed that the model predicts the reconnection locations correctly within 2 Earth radii 80% of the time. The study also revealed and confirmed the existence of anomalies, that is, a specific set of conditions/parameters for which the observed reconnection locations are significantly different than the predicted locations. The first anomaly, described in an earlier study, occurs during the equinoxes for events with interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angles around 120° and 240°. Another previously unknown anomaly was found for events observed around December that also occurs for the same IMF clock angle ranges as the first anomaly. Several of the anomalous December events were observed in the dawn sector Knee region and show that a combination of a large dipole tilt with an IMF clock angle of about 140° causes the magnetopause antiparallel reconnection region to line up along the draped IMF. That causes a deflection of the Knee points and the predicted reconnection location. These events demonstrate that magnetic reconnection at the Earth's dayside magnetopause preferentially occurs in the antiparallel locations and only occurs along component reconnection line segments when the draped IMF field lines at the magnetopause no longer contact an antiparallel reconnection region.
Variability in Eddy Distribution Associated With East India Coastal Current From High‐Frequency Radar Observations Along Southeast Coast of India
Authors: Arunraj K. S. , Jena B. K. , Suseentharan V. , Rajkumar J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSurface current observations from Indian Coastal Ocean Radar Network installed along the Tamil Nadu coast (southeast India) was used to quantify the mesoscale eddies associated with East India Coastal Current (EICC) during 2014–2017. A flow geometry‐based eddy detection algorithm has been applied to the daily averaged surface current maps and was able to detect and track mesoscale eddies of variable temporal and spatial scales. A total of 51 (27 cyclonic and 24 anticyclonic) eddy events, which lasted for more than 4 days, were identified during this period. Total count of cyclonic eddies exceeded the anticyclonic eddies with a clear seasonal pattern concurrent with the mean flow of EICC. The number of anticyclonic eddies leads in southwest monsoon and spring transition period; however, in fall transition and northeast monsoon period number of cyclonic eddies dominates in line with the poleward and equatorward phase of EICC, respectively. Monthly eddy kinetic energy maps showed a seasonal cycle with highest values in November and April. Monthly maps of the surface current vectors provide the broader picture of the seasonal reversal of currents in February and October and low magnitude offshore flow in the summer monsoon period. The Rossby number distribution along a transect perpendicular to the coast was in the order of O(1) shows the presence of strong submesoscale dynamics in the study domain. A case study of an eddy event conferred significant changes in the biological and physical properties of the coastal ocean derived from satellite data.
Reservoir Effects on Flood Peak Discharge at the Catchment Scale
Authors: Volpi E. , Di Lazzaro M. , Bertola M. , Viglione A. , Fiori A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a method to easily quantify the attenuation due to a reservoir on downstream flood peak discharges, that is, to the downstream flood frequency curve. Using a parsimonious Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph‐based model, we show that the flood peak attenuation is mainly controlled by three system characteristics: (1) the reservoir position along the river channel, (2) the spillway dimensions, quantified by the reservoir storage coefficient; and (3) the storage capacity. These three system characteristics are quantified by three dimensionless numbers, which are derived analytically for an idealized catchment. The degree of flood peak attenuation increases for increasing storage capacity and spillway dimensions, in different ways depending on the reservoir position along the river channel. An optimal position exists, which maximizes the degree of flood peak attenuation, and is in general different from the outlet of the catchment. Interestingly, for large reservoirs with relatively small spillways, a range of quasi‐optimal positions exists. With the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph‐based model, we also investigate how the duration of extreme rainfall relevant for determining the maximum flood peaks at the catchment outlet changes depending on the three system characteristics. Some of the assumptions of the method (i.e., catchment simple morphology and linearity of reservoir response) are relaxed in a real‐world example, which demonstrates that the synthetic results approximate well what would be obtained by a more realistic model.
Expression of two non-mutated genetic elements is sufficient to stimulate oncogenic transformation of human mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Pandey Vijay , Zhang Min , You Mingliang , Zhang Weijie , Chen Rumei , Zhang Wei , Ma Lan , Wu Zheng-Sheng , Zhu Tao , Xu Xiu Qin , Lobie Peter E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTrefoil factor 3 (TFF3) expression is positively associated with advanced clinicopathological features of mammary carcinoma (MC). Herein, we provide evidence for a functional role of TFF3 in oncogenic transformation of immortalized, but otherwise normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), namely, HMEC-hTERT, MCF10A, and MCF12A. Forced expression of TFF3 in immortalized-HMECs enhanced cell proliferation, cell survival, anchorage-independent growth, produced highly disorganised three-dimensional (3D) acinar structures and generated tumours in immunocompromised mice. Forced expression of TFF3 in immortalized-HMECs stimulated STAT3 activity that was required for TFF3-stimulated cell proliferation, survival, and anchorage-independent growth. TFF3 specifically utilised STAT3 activity to govern a transcriptional program, which was required for TFF3-stimulated oncogenic transformation of immortalized-HMECs, including transcriptional upregulation of CCND1 and BCL2. siRNA-mediated depletion or functional inhibition of STAT3 significantly inhibited the TFF3-stimulated transcription of CCND1 and BCL2 and oncogenicity in immortalized-HMECs. Furthermore, DOX-inducible expression of TFF3 in HMEC-hTERT cells also permitted anchorage-independent growth and produced disorganized acinar structures in 3D Matrigel culture. Removal of DOX-induced expression of TFF3 in HMEC-hTERT cells, previously grown with DOX, resulted in efficient normalisation of the disorganized acinar architecture and attenuated cell viability in Matrigel culture. Cumulatively, these findings suggest that TFF3 is a potent oncogene and its increased expression along with hTERT in HMECs is sufficient to produce oncogenic transformation.
Phase and structure engineering of copper tin heterostructures for efficient electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Wang Pengtang , Qiao Man , Shao Qi , Pi Yecan , Zhu Xing , Li Yafei , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile engineering the phase and structure of electrocatalysts could regulate the performance of many typical electrochemical processes, its importance to the carbon dioxide electroreduction has been largely unexplored. Herein, a series of phase and structure engineered copper-tin dioxide catalysts have been created and thoroughly exploited for the carbon dioxide electroreduction to correlate performance with their unique structures and phases. The copper oxide/hollow tin dioxide heterostructure catalyst exhibits promising performance, which can tune the products from carbon monoxide to formic acid at high faradaic efficiency by simply changing the electrolysis potentials from −0.7 VRHE to −1.0 VRHE. The excellent performance is attributed to the abundant copper/tin dioxide interfaces involved in the copper oxide/hollow tin dioxide heterostructure during the electrochemical process, decreasing the reaction free-energies for the formation of COOH* species. Our work reported herein emphasizes the importance of phase and structure modulating of catalysts for enhancing electrochemical CO2 reduction and beyond.
The fluid membrane determines mechanics of erythrocyte extracellular vesicles and is softened in hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Vorselen Daan , van Dommelen Susan M. , Sorkin Raya , Piontek Melissa C. , Schiller Jürgen , Döpp Sander T. , Kooijmans Sander A. A. , van Oirschot Brigitte A. , Versluijs Birgitta A. , Bierings Marc B. , van Wijk Richard , Schiffelers Raymond M. , Wuite Gijs J. L. , Roos Wouter H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are widely studied regarding their role in cell-to-cell communication and disease, as well as for applications as biomarkers or drug delivery vehicles. EVs contain membrane and intraluminal proteins, affecting their structure and thereby likely their functioning. Here, we use atomic force microscopy for mechanical characterization of erythrocyte, or red blood cell (RBC), EVs from healthy individuals and from patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) due to ankyrin deficiency. While these EVs are packed with proteins, their response to indentation resembles that of fluid liposomes lacking proteins. The bending modulus of RBC EVs of healthy donors is ~15 kbT, similar to the RBC membrane. Surprisingly, whereas RBCs become more rigid in HS, patient EVs have a significantly (~40%) lower bending modulus than donor EVs. These results shed light on the mechanism and effects of EV budding and might explain the reported increase in vesiculation of RBCs in HS patients.
Major intensification of Atlantic overturning circulation at the onset of Paleogene greenhouse warmth
Authors: Batenburg S. J. , Voigt S. , Friedrich O. , Osborne A. H. , Bornemann A. , Klein T. , Pérez-Díaz L. , Frank M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring the Late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic the Earth experienced prolonged climatic cooling most likely caused by decreasing volcanic activity and atmospheric CO2 levels. However, the causes and mechanisms of subsequent major global warming culminating in the late Paleocene to Eocene greenhouse climate remain enigmatic. We present deep and intermediate water Nd-isotope records from the North and South Atlantic to decipher the control of the opening Atlantic Ocean on ocean circulation and its linkages to the evolution of global climate. The marked convergence of Nd-isotope signatures 59 million years ago indicates a major intensification of deep-water exchange between the North and South Atlantic, which coincided with the turning point of deep-water temperatures towards early Paleogene warming. We propose that this intensification of Atlantic overturning circulation in concert with increased atmospheric CO2 from continental rifting marked a climatic tipping point contributing to a more efficient distribution of heat over the planet.
Oncogenic KRAS supports pancreatic cancer through regulation of nucleotide synthesis
Authors: Santana-Codina Naiara , Roeth Anjali A. , Zhang Yi , Yang Annan , Mashadova Oksana , Asara John M. , Wang Xiaoxu , Bronson Roderick T. , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Ying Haoqiang , Kimmelman Alec C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOncogenic KRAS is the key driver of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We previously described a role for KRAS in PDAC tumor maintenance through rewiring of cellular metabolism to support proliferation. Understanding the details of this metabolic reprogramming in human PDAC may provide novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we show that the dependence on oncogenic KRAS correlates with specific metabolic profiles that involve maintenance of nucleotide pools as key mediators of KRAS-dependence. KRAS promotes these effects by activating a MAPK-dependent signaling pathway leading to MYC upregulation and transcription of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) gene RPIA, which results in nucleotide biosynthesis. The use of MEK inhibitors recapitulates the KRAS-dependence pattern and the expected metabolic changes. Antagonizing the PPP or pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibits the growth of KRAS-resistant cells. Together, these data reveal differential metabolic rewiring between KRAS-resistant and sensitive cells, and demonstrate that targeting nucleotide metabolism can overcome resistance to KRAS/MEK inhibition.
Studies into the mechanism of measles-associated immune suppression during a measles outbreak in the Netherlands
Authors: Laksono Brigitta M. , de Vries Rory D. , Verburgh R. Joyce , Visser Eline G. , de Jong Alwin , Fraaij Pieter L. A. , Ruijs Wilhemina L. M. , Nieuwenhuijse David F. , van den Ham Henk-Jan , Koopmans Marion P. G. , van Zelm Menno C. , Osterhaus Albert D. M. E. , de Swart Rik L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMeasles causes a transient immune suppression, leading to increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. In experimentally infected non-human primates (NHPs) measles virus (MV) infects and depletes pre-existing memory lymphocytes, causing immune amnesia. A measles outbreak in the Dutch Orthodox Protestant community provided a unique opportunity to study the pathogenesis of measles immune suppression in unvaccinated children. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of prodromal measles patients, we detected MV-infected memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and naive and memory B cells at similar levels as those observed in NHPs. In paired PBMC collected before and after measles we found reduced frequencies of circulating memory B cells and increased frequencies of regulatory T cells and transitional B cells after measles. These data support our immune amnesia hypothesis and offer an explanation for the previously observed long-term effects of measles on host resistance. This study emphasises the importance of maintaining high measles vaccination coverage.