bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Berechnung, Bau und Prüfung von Kollimatoren für die Szintigraphie mit niederenergetischen Radionukliden
Authors: Geisler S. , Zeidler U. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird ein vereinfachtes Verfahren für die Berechnung und den Bau von Kollimatoren für die Szintigraphie mit niederenergetischen Radionukliden angegeben. Konstruktion und Bau von drei aus einer Gruppe von acht nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten Kollimatoren werden eingehend beschrieben. Die Kollimatoren, ein 217-Loch-Kollimator mit mittlerer Auflösung, ein 490-Loch-Langfokuskollimator und ein 856-Loch-Feinfokuskollimator wurden durch Messung der Linienbildfunktionen geprüft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die nach dem beschriebenen Verfahren gebauten Kollimatoren den Vorausberechnungen entsprechen.
Diagnostic Value of 20 Minute 99mTc Pertechnetate Thyroid Uptake
Authors: Gimlette T. M. D. , Höschl R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFour hour thyroid uptake of orally administered radioiodine was compared with 20 minute uptake of intravenously given 99mTc pertechnetate in 170 patients.Pertechnetate uptake was estimated by counting dots on a rectilinear scan, with appropriate background subtraction. In 22 patients the dot counting method was compared with computer assisted processing of a gamma camera image, using Nuclear Data 50/50 MED Digital Image Processing System. There was good correlation between the two methods, the computer technique is faster and easier, but does not provide, at the same time, a very satisfactory thyroid scan.Optimum interval for measurement of pertechnetate thyroid uptake with the rectilinear scanner is 20—30 minutes after the intravenous dose. When the computer assisted gamma camera can be employed the 10 minute interval would probably be more suitable for differentiation between euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients.For diagnostic accuracy the radioiodine and pertechnetate methods were identical (87% correct), there was quite close correlation between them and both were suitable for T3 suppression and TSH stimulation tests. The pertechnetate method is quicker to complete and provides a scan of the thyroid, but it requires an intravenous injection and is more demanding in personnel and equipment.
A Simple Way to Make 113mIn-Fe(OH)3 Particles
Authors: Colombetti Lelio , Huber Monique , Lasa Perez Dionisio 
Published: March 2018

SummaryUsing a buffer system, a method of preparing sterile and pyrogen-free 113mIn-labeled Fe(OH)3 macroaggregates has been developed which is simpler, more rapid and more reliable than those already reported. As buffer, an ammonium acetate solution with a pH of 9.8 ± 0.2 is used. This solution can be made sterile by Millipore filtration.The particles are prepared by mixing the reagents: eluent from generator, FeCl3 solution and buffer solution. After heating for 20 to 30 seconds in a boiling water bath a solution of gelatin is added. The time of preparation is two to three minutes.Over 1000 patients have been studied using this preparation. No side effects were observed.
Radioiodine Uptake Values in Euthyroid, Non-Goitrous, Prepubertal Children in Greece
Authors: Liakakos D. , Ikkos D. , Vlachos P. , Gonticas S. , Matsioulas P. , Anoussakis Ch. 
Published: March 2018

La fixation thyroïdienne du 131I a été mesurée en 50 enfants non-goitreux agés de 2 à 12 ans (17 masculins, 33 féminins). Les valeurs de fixation des enfants grèques (l’erreur standard ± pour les deux sexes était 38,8 ± 1,81; 59,1 ± 2,17; 60,2 ± 2,16 à 3, 24 et 48 heures) sont les plus élevées rapportées jusqu’à maintenant das la litérature donnant preuve à la pénurie de l’iode dans notre pays. Une autre manifestation de la pénurie de l’iode était l’observation, que dans 41% des enfants prépubertaires les valeurs PB 131I à 48 heures étaient plus élevées que la limite supérieure normale de 0,4% par litre.Les enfants féminines montraient des valeurs de fixation significativement (P < 0,05) plus élevées que les masculins avec un taux de différence des valeurs moyennes de 1,34; 1,19; et 1,15 à 3, 24 et 48 heures.
The Natural Concentration of Gallium in Human Tissues
Authors: Lange Henrik 
Published: March 2018

L’analyse par activation neutronique a été employée pour déterminer dans des matériaux biologiques les quantités de gallium stable aussi minimales que 10-4 p.p.m. (~10 pg/100 mg tissu frais). 20 déterminations ont été faits.Le contenu de gallium semble varier entre 10-4 p.p.m. dans le sérum et 10-3 p.p.m. dans le tissue du foie.Il n’y a pas de difference apparente entre les concentrations de gallium dans les échantillons de tissus cancéreux comparé aux échantillons de tissus normaux.
Incorporation of 131Iododeoxyuridine into the DNA of Tumourbearing Rats after Partial Synchronization as a Tool in Scintigraphic Tumour Localization
Authors: Schuhmacher J. , Kampmann H. , Mattern J. , Volm M. , Wayss K. , Zimmerer J. 
Published: March 2018

Après la synchronisation partielle avec l’Hydroxurée (HU), l’incorporation in vivo de 131Iododesoxyuridine (131IUdR) dans les tumeurs ainsi que dans dix organes des rats a été examinée. La synthèse de l’ADN ne comptait que 5% de la valeur normale, ceci pendant huit heures et demie. (La dose de HU appliquée six fois, à raison de 50 mg/kg du poids du corps). 90 minutes après la dernière application, des animaux par groupes de six furent traités avec du 131IUdR dans un délai de 30 minutes. 48 heures après le traitement avec du 131IUdR, les animaux ont été tués et l’activité du 131IUdR dans les tumeurs et les organes différents a été mesurées. Le degré de synchronisation ainsi que le maximum de fixation montraient des différences dans des différents organes. (Cerveaux et sang pas d’augmentation; iléum, foie, rate: facteur 1,5—1,8; poumon, tumeur, muscle, os: facteur 2,1—2,5; estomac, reins: facteur 3,6—4,5).Les images scintigraphiques par le 131IUdR des rats nonsynchronisés et des rats partiellement synchronisés ont revelées que les tumeurs dans la région pulmonaire des rats peuvent être mieux demonstrées par une synchronisation partielle.
Eliminierung von Organbewegungen in Szintigrammen mit Hilfe eines Filterverfahrens
Authors: Schmidlin P. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine Methode beschrieben, mit deren Hilfe Szintigramme auf Fehler korrigiert werden können, die durch Bewegung oder Atmen des Patienten entstanden sind. Die Methode benutzt keine mechanischen oder elektronischen Zusätze. Die Korrektur umfaßt eine Fourier-Transformation der Originalmessung im Zeitbereich, ein Herausfiltern der Atemfrequenz und eine Rücktransformation. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Methode werden diskutiert und ein Beispiel gezeigt.
Combined Scintigraphic Study of the Lung: What does the Inhalation Study add?
Authors: von Schéele C. , Kempi V. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn 175 patients the results of combined isotope studies i. e. inhalation and perfusion scintigraphy were compared with those of chest x-ray. The absorbed radiation dose due to the inhalation study calculated for whole body was 3 mrad/500 μCi, lungs 380 mrad/500 μCi, ovaries 0.3 mrad/500 μCi and testes 0.03 mrad/500 μCi.In 44 of our cases the isotope studies suggested the presence of a vascular occlusion, not detectable on the x-ray film in 36 cases. In the remaining 8 cases the inhalation study was found to add to the precision of the diagnosis. In nearly all other cases it was not found to have any diagnostic value.
Computation of Muscle Blood Flow by 133Xe Clearance Using Polynomial Fitting Techniques
Authors: Olkkonen H. , Penttilä I. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA polynomial fitting technique suitable for small computers has been developed for calculation of the muscle blood flow function by the 133Xe clearance method. An application of the method for blood flow measurements in the lower limbs during hyperaemia is presented. The calculated maximum blood flow and peak time values were closely correlated with the manually elicited results.
Labelling of Bleomycin with Cobalt-57, Indium-111, Technetium-99m, Mercury-197, Lead-203, and Copper-67
Authors: van de Poll M. A. P. C , Rasker J. J. , Jurjens H. , Woldring M. G. , Versluis A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe radiochemical purity of the cobalt-57 complex of bleomycin could be enhanced by adjusting the pH of the final product to a value between 5 and 6. This radiopharmaceutical appeared to have better tumor visualizing properties compared to the not neutralized preparation.The clinical use of the cobalt-57 bleomycin complex is however limited by the long physical half-life of the label, causing a risk of radioactive contamination. It appeared to be possible to label bleomycin with radioactive cations (111In3+, 99mTc4+, 197Hg2+ and 67Cu2+) having suitable gamma ray energies and short half-lifes.These bleomycin complexes showed a high radiochemical purity judged by their behaviour on thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography, and electrophoresis, but their application as tumor visualizing radiopharmaceutical turned out to be disappointing compared with cobalt-57 bleomycin.
18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in restaging of colorectal cancer
Authors: Weber W. , Schwaiger M. , Schicha H. , Dietlein M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:
Aim, method: Recommendations for the use of FDG-PET in relapsed colorectal cancer and the decision of reimbursement should base on published studies and on their level of evidence. Therefore, the PET-studies published between 1997 and 2002 were graded by the bias-criteria, by two rating-systems and by two classification-systems for the level of evidence according to AHCPR (Agency for Health Care Policy and Research) and VHA (Veterans Health Administration). Results: The recommendation for the use of PET in relapsed colorectal cancer reached the level IIa according to the AHCPR, corresponding to level B according to the VHA. The sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET were 94% (95% CI: 91-96%) and 78% (95% CI: 69-86%), respectively. Staging was changed correctly in 27% of patients (95% CI: 24-30%). Staging by FDG-PET was incorrect in 4% of the patients (95% CI: 2-5%) compared with the conventionel methods. The additional use of PET changed the prospectively defined management plan for 34% of patients (95% CI: 31-38%). Either potentially curative operations were initiated in case of resectable tumour or futile operations were cancelled in case of multiple metastases. Conclusion: The 3-year-survival-rate following surgery would have exceeded 70% if the selection of patients had included an additional PET-examination. The correct selection of patients is requested in the daily routine as well as in the clinical implementation of neoadjuvant therapies to prevent a selection-bias from a suboptimal restaging without PET.
High non-specific binding of the β1-selective radioligand 2-125I-ICI-H
Authors: Law M. P. , Kopka K. , Wagner St. , Luthra S. , Pike V. W. , Neumann J. , Kirchhefer U. , Schmitz W. , Schober O. , Schäfers M. , Riemann B. 
Published: March 2018

Summary:
Aim: As results of cardiac biopsies suggest, myocardial β1-adrenoceptor density is reduced in patients with chronic heart failure. However, changes in cardiac β2-adrenoceptors vary. With suitable radiopharmaceuticals single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) offer the opportunity to assess β-adrenoceptors non-invasively. Among the novel racemic analogues of the established β1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 89.406 the iodinated 2-I-ICI-H showed high affinity and selectivity to β1-adrenoceptors in murine ventricular membranes. The aim of this study was its evaluation as a putative sub-type selective β1-adrenergic radioligand in cardiac imaging. Methods: Competition studies in vitro and in vivo were used to investigate the kinetics of 2-I-ICI-H binding to cardiac β-adrenoceptors in mice and rats. In addition, the radiosynthesis of 2-125I-ICI-H from the silylated precursor 2-SiMe3-ICI-H was established. The specific activity was 80 GBq/µmol, the radiochemical yield ranged from 70 to 80%.
Results: The unlabelled compound 2-I-ICI-H showed high β1-selectivity and -affinity in the in vitro competition studies. In vivo biodistribution studies apparently showed low affinity to cardiac β-adrenoceptors. The radiolabelled counterpart 2-125I-ICI-H showed a high degree of non-specific binding in vitro and no specific binding to cardiac β1-adrenoceptors in vivo. Conclusion: Because of its high non-specific binding 2-125I-ICI-H is no suitable radiotracer for imaging in vivo.
Predictive value of thyrotropin receptor antibodies using the second generation TRAb human assay after radioiodine treatment in Graves’ disease
Authors: Wunderlich G. , Kopprasch C. , Koch R. , Franke W.-G. , Kotzerke J. , Zöphel K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe detection of TSH-receptor antibodies (TRAb) in patients with Graves’ disease is routinely used in nuclear medicine laboratories. This determination has been possible for approximately 3 years with a second generation human TRAb assay. Studies showed that this TRAb determination is diagnostically more sensitive compared to established, porcine TRAb assays. Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate, based on a ROC analysis, whether TRAb determination with the new, second generation assay allows a dependable statement about probability of occurence of relapse after radioiodine therapy in patient suffering from Graves’ disease. Methods: 57 patients were examined with the DYNOtest® TRAKhuman (BRAHMS Diagnostica AG, Hennigsdorf) directly before and six months after therapy with radioiodine (dose: 150 Gy). A ROC-analysis was performed to determine positive/negative predictive values depending on different cut-off values. Results: Whereas 21/57 patients became eu- or hypothyroid after six months, 36/57 patients relapsed. Nonrelapsed patients showed a significant lower median TRAb titer (4.2 IU/l vs. 19.2 IU/l; p <0.05) compared to relapsed patients. But the positive predictive value conducted 63 and 66, 62 and 66 as well as 63 and 69% (before and after therapy) linked with the cut-offs 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 IU/l. So it was in areas also achieved by the first generation porcine radioreceptorassay. Conclusion: An increased sensitivity is achieved undoubtedly with the new DYNOtest® TRAKhuman in the diagnostic of Graves’ disease. It is not held over the established radioreceptorassay concerning the positive predictive value for relapsing patients.
Reimbursement of the PET in oncology in Europe: a questionnaire based survey
Authors: Schicha H. , Dietlein M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAim: The discussion in Germany about the reimbursement of the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emissiontomography (FDG-PET) in oncology should make use of the experience from the other European countries. Method: A questionnaire was sent to 23 PET-institutions in Europe, outside from Germany, in January 2003. The questions were about the number of PET-institutions, the regulations for reimbursement, the accepted indications, the recognized types of PET-machines and the level of reimbursement. Results: 16 PET-institutions from 10 different countries answered. The relation of PET-institutions to inhabitants ranged from 1:500000 (B) and 1:1000000 (D, A, CH) to approximately 1:4 000000 (I, E, F, NL). In Belgium, the Netherlands, France, Great Britain, Italy, Finland, Switzerland, and Spain reimbursement was possible and a broad spectrum of indications was accepted, respectively. The reimbursement was not restricted to official indications. In Germany and Austria PET was not generally covered for the patients insured by the national health insurance. An annual sum of approximately 450000 D was granted to the recognized PET-institutions in Belgium and France. In Denmark the clinics and their PET-centres were owned by the government, PET was part of the clinical routine oncology. If PET was separately covered the average level of reimbursement for the whole-body PET using a full-ring detector was 1200 D. The reimbursement of the coincidence-gammacamera differed from the “dedicated” PET in most European countries. Conclusion: In Europe there is an increasing tendency to cover the well documented PET indications in oncology.
Myocardial indium-111-antimyosin uptake in essential hypertension
Authors: Temiz N. H. , Hengel A. , Ünlü M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAim: Evaluation of myocardial uptake of 111In-anti-myosin antibodies in patients with essential hypertension for the verification of our hypothesis that it may increase in stage 1 in the left ventricle as a result of myocardial damage. Patients, methods: Twelve men (mean age: 59 ± 2.4 years) suffering from angina like symptoms and essential hypertension in clinical stage 1 according to the JNC-VI criteria were included into the study. These patients showed normal perfusion as revealed by thallium-201 myocardial study and coronary angiography. Left ventricular mass index was determined in echocardiography. Planar antimyosin images were obtained 48 h after the intravenous injection of the tracer. Heart to lung ratios were calculated as a parameter of myocardial tracer uptake using appropriate region of interests; values >1.52 were considered as abnormal. Results: We observed increased anti-myosin uptake (mean: 1.71 ± 0.12) consistent with myocardial damage in 11 of 12 patients. Nine of 12 patients had a left ventricular hypertrophy with left ventricular mass index values (mean: 131 g/m2 ± 9.48) above 115 g/m2. Heart to lung ratio was correlated significantly to left ventricular mass index (r = 0.902, p <0.001) and duration of hypertension (r = 0.948, p <0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that 111In-antimyosin imaging may indicate myocyte damage in early phases of hypertensive heart disease.
18F-FDG PET and conventional imaging for assessment of Hodgkin’s disease and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Herkel C. , Joe A. Y. , Altehoefer C. , Finke J. , Moser E. , Reinhardt M. J. , Bucerius J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of FDG-PET and conventional imaging (CI) in a large series of patient with Hodgkin’s disease (HD) or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) at three time points during their course of disease. Patients, methods: 169 consecutive lymphoma patients (69 HD; 100 NHL) were included. 193 FDG-PET studies were performed for staging at baseline in 42 cases, for post-therapeutic monitoring in 103, and for diagnosis of recurrence in 48 cases. Performance indices of sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of metabolic FDG-PET and morphological CI were calculated. Differences in staging and diagnosis of residual or recurrent lymphoma were compared. Results: FDG-PET changed staging in 36% of cases for staging at baseline, in 52% of cases for monitoring response to treatment, and in 29% for diagnosis of recurrence. FDG-PET staging results were confirmed in 80% for staging at baseline, in 74% for monitoring response to treatment, and in 50% for diagnosis of recurrence. FDGPET and CI differed significantly at monitoring response to treatment for sensitivity (0.91 versus 0.69; p<0.02), specificity (0.90 versus 0.38; p<0.00001), PPV (0.77 versus 0.42; p<0.001), and accuracy (0.83 versus 0.55; p<0.02). Conclusion: FDG-PET should be considered as the diagnostic modality of choice for post-therapeutic assessment of lymphoma patients and may be a reliable alternative to CI for staging at baseline and diagnosis of recurrence.
“Mobile Nurse” Platform for Ubiquitous Medicine
Authors: Yoshiuchi K. , Sone M. , Ishikawa T. , Kikuchi H. , Kumano H. , Watsuji T. , Natelson B. , Yamamoto Y. , Struzik Z. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives
: We introduce “Mobile Nurse" (MN) - an emerging platform for the practice of ubiquitous medicine.

Methods
: By implementing in a dynamic setting of daily life the patient care traditionally provided by the clinical nurses on duty, MN aims at integral data collection and shortening the response time to the patient. MN is also capable of intelligent interaction with the patient and is able to learn from the patient's behavior and disease sign evaluation for improved personalized treatment.

Results
: In this paper, we outline the most essential concepts around the hardware, software and methodological designs of MN. We provide an example of the implementation, and elaborate on the possible future impact on medical practice and biomedical science research.

Conclusions
: The main innovation of MN, setting it apart from current tele-medicine systems, is the ability to integrate the patient's signs and symptoms on site, providing medical professionals with powerfultools to elucidate disease mechanisms, to make proper diagnoses and to prescribe treatment.
Detection of Sleep Apnea Episodes from Multi-lead ECGs Considering Different Physiological Influences
Authors: Dickhaus H. , Maier C. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives
: This article deals with recognition of sleep apnea, using solely information available from multilead ECGs.

Methods
: Characteristic variations in heart rhythm and amplitude of the ECG are compared with respect to their diagnostic accuracy by means of an ROC analysis that is performed on a local similarity index. In 38 8-lead ECGs, each minute is classified with respect to occurrence of apnea events and the result is validated against expert annotations derived from synchronized polysomnographic recordings. Moreover, the results are compared to those obtained from the well known Physionet apnea-ECG database.

Results
: Whereas the effect of amplitude modulation yields consistent results on both data sets (ROC-area 89.0% vs. 88.3%), a remarkable loss in performance is observed for the frequently applied heart rhythm (89.8% vs. 77.9%). Examples illustrating the reasons for this difference are given and discussed. With respect to aggregation of multi-lead information, two methods (PCA vs. averaging) are compared. The results indicate that averaging performs better (89.3%) than the adaptively estimated PCA (87.2) even when applied to a reduced set of leads.

Conclusions
: It is concluded that sleep apnea recognition from heart rhythm should always be complemented by analysis of the amplitude variations of the ECG.