bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volatile compounds other than CO2 emitted by different microorganisms promote distinct posttranscriptionally regulated responses in plants
Authors: García‐Gómez Pablo , Almagro Goizeder , Sánchez‐López Ángela María , Bahaji Abdellatif , Ameztoy Kinia , Ricarte‐Bermejo Adriana , Baslam Marouane , Antolín María Carmen , Urdiain Amadeo , López‐Belchi María Dolores , López‐Gómez Pedro , Morán José Fernando , Garrido Julián , Muñoz Francisco José , Baroja‐Fernández Edurne , Pozueta‐Romero Javier 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA “box‐in‐box” cocultivation system was used to investigate plant responses to microbial volatile compounds (VCs) and to evaluate the contributions of organic and inorganic VCs (VOCs and VICs, respectively) to these responses. Arabidopsis plants were exposed to VCs emitted by adjacent Alternaria alternata and Penicillium aurantiogriseum cultures, with and without charcoal filtration. No VOCs were detected in the headspace of growth chambers containing fungal cultures with charcoal filters. However, these growth chambers exhibited elevated CO2 and bioactive CO and NO headspace concentrations. Independently of charcoal filtration, VCs from both fungal phytopathogens promoted growth and distinct developmental changes. Plants cultured at CO2 levels observed in growth boxes containing fungal cultures were identical to those cultured at ambient CO2. Plants exposed to charcoal‐filtered fungal VCs, nonfiltered VCs, or superelevated CO2 levels exhibited transcriptional changes resembling those induced by increased irradiance. Thus, in the “box‐in‐box” system, (a) fungal VICs other than CO2 and/or VOCs not detected by our analytical systems strongly influence the plants' responses to fungal VCs, (b) different microorganisms release VCs with distinct action potentials, (c) transcriptional changes in VC‐exposed plants are mainly due to enhanced photosynthesis signaling, and (d) regulation of some plant responses to fungal VCs is primarily posttranscriptional.
Tuning Photoinduced Electron Transfer Efficiency of Fluorogenic BODIPY‐α‐Tocopherol Analogues
Authors: Greene Lana E. , Lincoln Richard , Cosa Gonzalo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFluorogenic analogues of α‐tocopherol developed by our group have been instrumental in monitoring reactive oxygen species (ROS) within lipid membranes. Prepared as two‐segment trap‐reporter (chromanol‐BODIPY) probes, photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) was utilized to provide these probes with an off/on switch mechanism warranting the necessary sensitivity. Herein, we rationalize within the context of Marcus theory of electron transfer how substituents on the BODIPY core and linker length joining the trap and reporter segments, tune PeT efficiency. DFT and electrochemical studies were used to estimate the thermodynamic driving force of PeT in our constructs. By tuning the redox potential over a 400 mV range, we observed over an order of magnitude increase in PeT efficiency. Increasing the linker length between the chromanol and BODIPY by 2.8 angstroms, in turn, decreased PeT efficiency 2.7‐fold. Our results illustrate how substituent and linker choice enable “darkening” the off state of fluorogenic probes based on BODIPY fluorophores, by favoring PeT over radiative emission from the singlet excited state manifold. Ultimately, our work brings light to the sensitivity ceiling one may achieve in developing fluorogenic antioxidant analogues of α‐tocopherol. The work provides general guidelines applicable to those developing fluorogenic probes based on PeT.
Governance through global networks and corporate signaling
Authors: Perez Oren , Cohen Reuven , Schreiber Nir 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article exposes a new form of global governance based on an emergent network of corporate social responsibility (CSR) schemes. Our study is the first to uncover the network structure of this system, based on a dataset that includes 61 transnational CSR schemes and 31,987 firms. We demonstrate that the network exhibits a significant level of cohesiveness, despite having evolved without any form of hierarchical control. Drawing on a social network analysis, we find a positive correlation among the sustainability performance of the firms, their membership in CSR schemes, and their network characteristics. We show that membership in multiple schemes and the firms’ position in the CSR‐schemes network constitute credible predictors of their sustainability performance, generating a separating equilibrium that distinguishes high from low CSR performers. We develop a model that explains the effectiveness of the CSR‐schemes network based on the synergistic properties of the network and on a distinctive signaling dynamic. Our findings highlight the potential contribution of CSR to the resolution of global governance dilemmas.
The joint contribution of physical activity, insomnia symptoms, and smoking to the cost of short‐term sickness absence
Authors: Kanerva Noora , Lallukka Tea , Rahkonen Ossi , Pietiläinen Olli , Lahti Jouni 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhysical inactivity has been associated with both insomnia symptoms and smoking. Further, they are all independently associated with increased sickness absence (SA) from work. However, joint contribution of either physical activity (PA) with insomnia symptoms or with smoking to SA and, especially, their direct cost for the employer is poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to examine these joint associations with short‐term (<15 days) SA cost. The Helsinki Health Study is a cohort of midlife employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (baseline n = 8960, response rate 67%). During 2000‐2002, the participants were mailed a survey questionnaire that gathered information on health behavior and sociodemographic characteristics. SA, salary, and time of employment were followed up through the employer's personnel register between 2002 and 2016 for those with a written consent to the use of their register data (78% of the participants). Individual salary data were used to calculate the direct cost of short‐term SA. Data were analyzed with a two‐part model. Inactive participants with frequent insomnia symptoms had 2526€ (95% CI 1736€‐3915€) higher cost of short‐term SA than vigorously active participants without insomnia symptoms. Furthermore, inactive smokers had 4166€ (95% CI 2737€‐5595€) higher cost for the employer over the follow‐up than vigorously active non‐smokers. In conclusion, this study showed that PA and insomnia symptoms as well as PA and smoking are jointly associated with short‐term SA cost. The results emphasize encouraging employers to improve work environments so that they promote active lifestyle, good sleep, and non‐smoking in order to reduce the cost of SA.
The effect of two exercise modalities on skeletal muscle capillary ultrastructure in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mortensen Stefan Peter , Winding Kamilla Munch , Iepsen Ulrik Winning , Munch Gregers Winding , Marcussen Niels , Hellsten Ylva , Pedersen Bente Klarlund , Baum Oliver 
Published: November 2018

Type 2 diabetes is associated with microvascular dysfunction, but little is known about how capillary ultrastructure is affected by exercise training. To investigate the effect of two types of exercise training on skeletal muscle capillary ultrastructure and capillarization in individuals with type 2 diabetes, 21 individuals with type 2 diabetes were allocated (randomized controlled trial) to 11 weeks of aerobic exercise training consisting of either moderate‐intensity endurance training (END; n = 10) or low‐volume high‐intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 11). Skeletal muscle biopsies (m vastus lateralis) were obtained before and after the training intervention. At baseline, there was no difference in capillarization, capillary structure, and exercise hyperemia between the two groups. After the training intervention, capillary‐to‐fiber ratio increased by 8% ± 3% in the END group (P < 0.05) and was unchanged in the HIIT group with no difference between groups. Endothelium thickness increased (P < 0.05), basement membrane thickness decreased (P < 0.05), and the capillary lumen tended (P = 0.07) to increase in the END group, whereas these structural indicators were unchanged after HIIT. In contrast, skeletal muscle endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) increased after HIIT (P < 0.05), but not END, whereas there was no change in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐2, or NADPH oxidase after both training protocols. In contrast to END training, HIIT did not alter capillarization or capillary structure in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, HIIT appears to be a less effective strategy to treat capillary rarefaction and reduce basement thickening in type 2 diabetes.
How Do State‐Level Environmental Policies Impact the Voting Behavior of National Legislators?*
Authors: Brunell Thomas L. , Cease Brett 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveWe investigate whether state‐level policy adoption of environmental regulations leads to nationalization of similar policies and, if so, the mechanisms by which members of Congress are incentivized to vote strategically.MethodWe examine several key environmental policies (i.e., renewable portfolio standards and regional cap‐and‐trade agreements) and utilize historical state‐level inventories and congressional roll‐call votes in our analysis.ResultsWe demonstrate that Democratic and Republican members of the U.S. House in both scenarios were much more likely—even after controlling for ideology and constituency preferences—to vote in favor of increasing environmental regulations if their home state already put such a policy in place.ConclusionIn a new political era where federalism within environmental policy is being reimagined, the lessons learned from the Waxman‐Markey cap and trade bill and the Udall RPS Amendment teach us of the importance of state‐level initiatives serving as powerful drivers for increasing pressure for federal adoption.
Prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis E virus infection in kidney transplant recipients: A single‐center experience in Japan
Authors: Nanmoku Koji , Owada Yohei , Oshiro Yukio , Kurosawa Akira , Kubo Taro , Shinzato Takahiro , Shimizu Toshihiro , Kimura Takaaki , Sakuma Yasunaru , Ishikawa Nobuo , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro , Okamoto Hiroaki , Yagisawa Takashi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can lead to chronic hepatitis in solid organ transplant recipients. To investigate whether HEV infection influences outcomes following kidney transplantation, we examined the prevalence of HEV infection and clinical characteristics of kidney transplant recipients in our hospital.MethodsOur cross‐sectional study included 184 kidney transplant recipients. Blood samples were obtained from all patients to detect anti‐HEV immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM, and IgG by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and HEV RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical data were collected from medical charts for all patients.ResultsThe prevalence of anti‐HEV IgG was 8/184 (4.3%). Anti‐HEV IgA, anti‐HEV IgM, and HEV RNA were not detected in any patients. Compared to their anti‐HEV IgG‐negative counterparts, anti‐HEV IgG‐positive patients were significantly older at the time of transplantation, and they were more likely to receive kidneys from deceased donors. No significant differences in other characteristics such as the prevalence of primary cause of end‐stage renal disease, blood transfusion, and immunosuppressive therapy use; liver and renal function; and the frequencies of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection were observed according to the patients' anti‐HEV IgG status.ConclusionHEV infection had no significant influence on the outcomes of kidney transplantation at our institution. However, HEV infection should be recognized in kidney transplant recipients similarly as hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection in cases of liver dysfunction.
Multi‐tissue integration of transcriptomic and specialized metabolite profiling provides tools for assessing the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) metabolome
Authors: Perez de Souza Leonardo , Scossa Federico , Proost Sebastian , Bitocchi Elena , Papa Roberto , Tohge Takayuki , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume species with a rich natural diversity of landraces that originated from the wild forms following multiple independent domestication events. After the publication of its genome, several resources for this relevant crop have been made available. A comprehensive characterization of specialized metabolism in P. vulgaris, however, is still lacking. In this study, we used a metabolomics approach based on liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry to dissect the chemical composition at a tissue‐specific level in several accessions of common bean belonging to different gene pools. Using a combination of literature search, mass spectral interpretation, 13C‐labeling, and correlation analyses, we were able to assign chemical classes and/or putative structures for approximately 39% of all measured metabolites. Additionally, we integrated this information with transcriptomics data and phylogenetic inference from multiple legume species to reconstruct the possible metabolic pathways and identify sets of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites. A particular focus was given to flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins and hydroxycinnamates, as they represent metabolites involved in important ecological interactions and they are also associated with several health‐promoting benefits when integrated into the human diet. The data are presented here in the form of an accessible resource that we hope will set grounds for further studies on specialized metabolism in legumes.
Visual rating assessment of cerebral atrophy and its relationship with cognitive function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Savage Charlotte Claire , Dixey Piers Henry Anderson , Pennington Catherine , Dodd James W 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionWidespread white matter damage and cognitive impairment have been demonstrated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it remains unclear if brain atrophy is a global phenomenon or if specific subregions are differentially affected. The aims of this study are, first, to test a simple, validated visual analogue grading technique. Second, we hypothesised that frontal regions of the brains of patients with COPD will show greater signs of atrophy compared with control subjects. Third, any localised regions of atrophy would correlate with components of cognitive performance. Finally, the severity of cerebral atrophy would be associated with measures of respiratory disease severity.MethodsWe used a simple, validated visual analogue grading technique to assess the degree of regional atrophy in multiple brain regions from cerebral MR images in patients with stable non-hypoxaemic COPD (n=25) and age-matched control subjects (n=25). We also explored correlations between regional brain atrophy with demographics, cognitive performance measures and disease severity. Measures of cognitive performance focused on executive function, working memory, verbal memory, overall memory and processing speed. Measures of disease severity include lung function, gas exchange, health status and breathlessness questionnaires.ResultsThe visual grading scale found that patients with COPD had significantly greater frontal atrophy than control subjects (p=0.02), independent of smoking history, comorbid depression or anxiety. Cognitive function was significantly worse in the COPD group for executive function (p<0.001), working memory (p=0.02), verbal memory (p=0.03) and processing speed (p=0.001). Group differences in atrophy did not appear to account for differences in cognitive function. We were unable to identify meaningful correlations between regional atrophy and disease severity or cognitive function.ConclusionFurther work is needed to identify causative mechanisms behind unexplained structural brain changes in COPD.
Clinical response beyond the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Responder Index: post-hoc analysis of the BLISS-SC study
Authors: van Vollenhoven Ronald F , Stohl William , Furie Richard A , Fox Norma Lynn , Groark James G , Bass Damon , Kurtinecz Milena , Pobiner Bonnie F , Eastman William J , Gonzalez‑Rivera Tania , Gordon David 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Responder Index (SRI), developed as a primary outcome measure for use in clinical trials, captures improvement in SLE disease activity without concomitant worsening in disease manifestations. This study investigated the relationships between the SRI and clinical/laboratory correlates of SRI response in patients with SLE.MethodsThis was a post-hoc analysis of the phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of subcutaneous BeLimumab in Subjects with Systemic lupus erythematosus - SubCutaneous (BLISS-SC). Patients were randomised to weekly belimumab 200 mg subcutaneously or placebo, plus standard SLE therapy. Changes from baseline to week 52 in clinical and laboratory parameters were compared among SRI responders and non-responders, irrespective of the treatment received.ResultsSRI responders (n=475) had significantly better (p<0.0001) outcomes compared with non-responders (n=358), including (by definition) higher proportions achieving ≥4-point improvement in Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-SLE Disease Activity Index (100.0% vs 2.0%), no worsening in British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG; 0 new BILAG A or ≤1 new BILAG B score; 100.0 % vs 50.3%) and no worsening (<0.3-point increase) in Physician’s Global Assessment score (100.0% vs 49.7%). Among patients receiving >7.5  mg/day corticosteroids at baseline, significantly more SRI responders had reductions in prednisone dose to ≤7.5 mg/day than non-responders. SRI responders reported lower flare rates and improvements in serological markers and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue score than non-responders.ConclusionSRI response is associated with improvements in clinical and laboratory measures, strengthening its value as a clinically meaningful primary endpoint in clinical trials.
COPD, airflow limitation and chronic bronchitis in farmers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guillien Alicia , Soumagne Thibaud , Dalphin Jean-Charles , Degano Bruno 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionThe current definition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associates persistent airflow limitation and chronic respiratory symptoms. Agricultural work has been associated with an increased risk of developing COPD, but the prevalence and definition of the disease vary greatly between studies. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between agricultural work and COPD using the most widely used definitions of the disease.MethodsInclusion criteria were: (1) design: cross-sectional or longitudinal, (2) groups: at least one group of farmers and a control group of non-farmers, (3) outcome: prevalence or unadjusted OR of COPD, airflow limitation and/or chronic bronchitis, (4) study subjects: groups of exposed subjects comprising ≥30 individuals and with a mean age ≥40 years and (5) language: English and French language, full-length, original publications in peer-reviewed journals.ResultsIn total, 22 manuscripts were included in the meta-analysis. Eight studies assessed only the prevalence of airflow limitation, nine assessed only the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and four assessed the prevalence of both these parameters. Only one assessed the prevalence of COPD according to its current definition, and this study also provided the prevalence of airflow limitation. Ten studies showed a positive association between farming exposure and airflow limitation or chronic bronchitis, and 12 showed no association (OR (95% CI)=1.77 (1.50 to 2.08), p<0.001). Cattle, swine, poultry and crop farming were associated with either airflow limitation or chronic bronchitis.ConclusionAlthough some features of COPD are associated with some agricultural work, well-designed studies with appropriate diagnostic criteria should be conducted to draw strong conclusions about the relationship between COPD and farming.
Absence of chest pain and long-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Björck Lena , Nielsen Susanne , Jernberg Tomas , Zverkova-Sandström Tatiana , Giang Kok Wai , Rosengren Annika 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveChest pain is the predominant symptom in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A lack of chest pain in patients with AMI is associated with higher in-hospital mortality, but whether this outcome is sustained throughout the first years after onset is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate long-term mortality in patients hospitalised with AMI presenting with or without chest pain.MethodsAll AMI cases registered in the SWEDEHEART registry between 1996 and 2010 were included in the study. In total, we included 172 981 patients (33.5% women) with information on symptom presentation.ResultsPatients presenting without chest pain (12.7%) were older, more often women and had more comorbidities, prior medications and complications during hospitalisation than patients with chest pain. Short-term and long-term mortality rates were higher in patients without chest pain than in patients with chest pain: 30-day mortality, 945 versus 236/1000 person-years; 5-year mortality, 83 versus 21/1000 person-years in patients <65 years. In patients ≥65 years, 30-day mortality was 2294 versus 1140/1000 person-years; 5-year mortality, 259 versus 109/1000 person-years. In multivariable analysis, presenting without chest pain was associated with an overall 5-year HR of 1.85 (95% CI 1.81 to 1.89), with a stronger effect in younger compared with older patients, as well as in patients without prior AMI, heart failure, stroke, diabetes or hypertension.ConclusionAbsence of chest pain in patients with AMI is associated with more complications and higher short-term and long-term mortality rates, particularly in younger patients, and in those without previous cardiovascular disease.
PARPi Triggers the STING-Dependent Immune Response and Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade Independent of BRCAness
Authors: Shen Jianfeng , Zhao Wei , Ju Zhenlin , Wang Lulu , Peng Yang , Labrie Marilyne , Yap Timothy A. , Mills Gordon B. , Peng Guang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have shown remarkable therapeutic efficacy against BRCA1/2-mutant cancers through a synthetic lethal interaction. PARPi exert their therapeutic effects mainly through the blockade of ssDNA damage repair, which leads to the accumulation of toxic DNA double-strand breaks specifically in cancer cells with DNA repair deficiency (BCRAness), including those harboring BRCA1/2 mutations. Here we show that PARPi-mediated modulation of the immune response contributes to their therapeutic effects independently of BRCA1/2 mutations. PARPi promoted accumulation of cytosolic DNA fragments because of unresolved DNA lesions, which in turn activated the DNA-sensing cGAS–STING pathway and stimulated production of type I IFNs to induce antitumor immunity independent of BRCAness. These effects of PARPi were further enhanced by immune checkpoint blockade. Overall, these results provide a mechanistic rationale for using PARPi as immunomodulatory agents to harness the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.

Significance:
This work uncovers the mechanism behind the clinical efficacy of PARPi in patients with both BRCA-wild-type and BRCA-mutant tumors and provides a rationale for combining PARPi with immunotherapy in patients with cancer.