bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Community‐Based Serious Illness Care Program on Healthcare Utilization and Patient Care Experience
Authors: Daaleman Timothy P. , Ernecoff Natalie C. , Kistler Christine E. , Reid Alfred , Reed David , Hanson Laura C. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVEHealthcare organizations are expanding community‐based serious illness care programs to deliver care for homebound patients. Programs typically focus on home‐based primary care or home‐based palliative care, yet this population may require both services. We developed and evaluated a primary and palliative care program serving seriously ill older adults, called the Reaching Out to Enhance the Health of Adults in Their Communities and Homes (REACH) program. Our objective was to determine the impact of the REACH program on healthcare utilization and the patient care experience.DESIGNCase study using medical record review and telephone interviews.SETTINGHome‐based serious illness care program in central North Carolina.PARTICIPANTSPatients enrolled in the REACH program from August 2014 to March 2016 (n = 159).INTERVENTIONHome‐based primary and palliative care delivered by an interdisciplinary team for seriously ill older adults.MEASUREMENTSStructured medical record review including demographics, health and functional status, and acute hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits in the 12 months preceding and following initiation of the REACH program. A convenience sample of participants completed telephone interviews that measured the quality‐of‐care experience and quality of communication.RESULTSREACH patients had a 43% reduction in hospital visits and a 25% reduction in ED visits. Participants in telephone interviews reported a high‐quality care experience and very good quality of communication with REACH providers.CONCLUSIONA care model that integrates home‐based primary care and palliative care has the potential to reduce health service utilization and enhance the care experience for older patients with serious illness. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:825–830, 2019.
The Effect of Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention on Daily Functioning in Older People
Authors: Kulmala Jenni , Ngandu Tiia , Havulinna Satu , Levälahti Esko , Lehtisalo Jenni , Solomon Alina , Antikainen Riitta , Laatikainen Tiina , Pippola Pauliina , Peltonen Markku , Rauramaa Rainer , Soininen Hilkka , Strandberg Timo , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Kivipelto Miia 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of a 2‐year multidomain lifestyle intervention on daily functioning of older people.DESIGNA 2‐year randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01041989).SETTINGFinnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability.PARTICIPANTSA total of 1260 older adults, with a mean age of 69 years at the baseline, who were at risk of cognitive decline.INTERVENTIONA multidomain intervention, including simultaneous physical activity intervention, nutritional counseling, vascular risk monitoring and management, and cognitive training and social activity.MEASUREMENTSThe ability to perform daily activities (activities of daily living [ADLs] and instrumental ADLs) and physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery).RESULTSThe mean baseline ADL score was 18.1 (SD = 2.6) points; the scale ranges from 17 (no difficulties) to 85 (total ADL dependence). During the 2‐year intervention, the ADL disability score slightly increased in the control group, while in the intervention group, it remained relatively stable. Based on the latent growth curve model, the difference in the change between the intervention and control groups was −0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.61 to −0.28) after 1 year and −1.20 (95% CI = −2.02 to −0.38) after 2 years. In terms of physical performance, the intervention group had a slightly higher probability of improvement (from score 3 to score 4; P = .041) and a lower probability of decline (from score 3 to scores 0‐2; P = .043) for chair rise compared to the control group.CONCLUSIONA 2‐year lifestyle intervention was able to maintain the daily functioning of the at‐risk older population. The clinical significance of these results in this fairly well‐functioning population remains uncertain, but the study results hold promise that healthy eating, exercise, and cognitive and social activity may have favorable effects on functional independence in older people.
Higher diet quality in university students is associated with higher academic achievement: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Whatnall M. C. , Patterson A. J. , Burrows T. L. , Hutchesson M. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundUnhealthy diets are typical of university students and the effects may be wider reaching than health. The present study aimed to describe the association between dietary intake and academic achievement in a sample of Australian university students.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of data from an online survey of 278 students from the University of Newcastle (UON), Australia [mean (SD) age 26.9 (10.5) years; 70.9% female] was conducted. Dietary intake, in terms of diet quality score [Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS)], including individual sub‐scales, and percentage energy per day from energy‐dense nutrient poor (EDNP) foods, including individual sub‐groups, was assessed using the validated Australian Eating Survey Food Frequency Questionnaire, and academic achievement was assessed as self‐reported grade point average (GPA). The association between GPA and dietary intake was explored using linear regression, with adjustment for socio‐demographic and student characteristics.ResultsHigher GPA was associated with higher diet quality (ARFS) (β = 0.02, P = 0.011), higher sub‐scale scores for vegetables (β = 0.03, P = 0.026) and fruit (β = 0.05, P = 0.029) and with lower percentage energy per day from EDNP foods overall (β = −0.01, P = 0.047) and also from sweetened drinks (β = −0.06, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of the present study demonstrate small associations between a healthier dietary intake and higher academic achievement, as well as vice versa. Given that the associations were small, they may not be particularly meaningful. However, this evidence could be used as a motivator for efforts aiming to improve dietary intake among university students.
The efficacy of powdered polydioxanone in terms of collagen production compared with poly‐L‐lactic acid in a murine model
Authors: Kim Chang Min , Kim Bo Young , Hye Suh Dong , Lee Sang Jun , Moon Hye Rim , Ryu Hwa Jung 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundThere are many collagen‐stimulating fillers, including calcium hydroxyapatite, polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA), and other materials have been tested. Polydioxanone (PDO) has recently been used as absorbable thread‐lifting material due to its collagen‐forming effects. PDO in powdered form is expected to be a good material for collagen‐producing fillers.ObjectivesTo evaluate the collagen‐producing effects of powdered PDO injection compared with PLLA injection in a murine model.Materials and MethodsPowdered PDO mixed with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, PLLA, and phosphate‐buffered saline was injected on dorsal skin of 8‐week‐old rat. Tissue samples were obtained 1, 2, and 12 weeks after the procedures for histopathologic review and for real‐time PCR to quantify collagen and tissue growth factors.ResultsBoth PLLA and powdered PDO injections induced granulomatous reactions. Collagen type 1, collagen type 3, TGF‐β1, TGF‐β2, and TGF‐β3 showed increases 2 weeks after injection but decreased 12 weeks after injection for both powdered PDO and PLLA.ConclusionOur results suggested that powdered PDO injection induces collagen formation more effectively than PLLA injection. Therefore, PDO can be a good option for forming collagen.
Attitudes towards Trump Policies and Climate Change: The Key Roles of Aversion to Wealth Redistribution and Political Interest
Authors: Panno Angelo , Carrus Giuseppe , Leone Luigi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBoth psychological and political science researchers have pointed out that Trump policies embrace right wing and authoritarian dispositions. In turn, such dispositions have been related to climate change denial and aversion to wealth redistribution. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the relationship between individuals’ favorable attitude towards Trump and climate change skepticism. We aimed to understand two cruxes in this relationship: (i) whether the favorable attitude towards Trump influences climate change skepticism through the aversion to wealth redistribution and (ii) whether people's interest in politics interacts in the relationships between attitude towards Trump and two social outcomes—climate change denial and aversion to wealth redistribution. We considered a representative sample of the US electorate (ANES 2016 database, N = 4271), assessing attitudes towards Trump by aggregating several indicators concerning respondents’ evaluations of Trump. Interest in politics, aversion to wealth redistribution, and climate change skepticism had also been assessed. Results showed that favorable attitudes towards Trump related to climate change denial through the aversion to wealth redistribution. Moreover, the link between such attitudes and both climate change skepticism and aversion to wealth redistribution was stronger for people showing a greater interest in politics.
Improving repair sequence scheduling methods for postdisaster critical infrastructure systems
Authors: Xu Min , Ouyang Min , Mao Zijun , Xu Xiaolin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe recovery process of postdisaster critical infrastructure systems (CISs) includes multiple phases, among which the repair phase usually takes the longest time and contributes the largest to system recovery rapidity and system resilience. This article formulates the repair sequence scheduling problem for damaged CIS components under limited repair resources in a general form, and then proposes two novel heuristic methods to enhance its solution performance. To demonstrate the efficiencies of the two proposed methods, typical existing methods are also briefly introduced for comparison purposes, including three component importance‐based methods (CIBMs), a genetic algorithm‐based method (GABM), a time index‐based heuristic method (TIBHM), and a component index‐based exact solution method (CIBESM). Those methods are separately applied into thousands of damage scenarios for three systems, and are then compared in terms of the optimality gap and the computational cost. Results show that the two proposed methods have significantly better performance than existing methods, whereas the first proposed method can be adapted for critical time points‐based resilience assessment and optimization, and the second proposed method can be applied to the recovery of large‐scale CISs with extensive disruptions.
A mutant bacteriophage evolved to infect resistant bacteria gained a broader host range
Authors: Habusha Michal , Tzipilevich Elhanan , Fiyaksel Osher , Ben‐Yehuda Sigal 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBacteriophages (phages) are the most abundant entities in nature, yet little is known about their capacity to acquire new hosts and invade new niches. By exploiting the Gram‐positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and its lytic phage SPO1 as a model, we followed the coevolution of bacteria and phages. After infection, phage‐resistant bacteria were readily isolated. These bacteria were defective in production of glycosylated wall teichoic acid (WTA) polymers that served as SPO1 receptor. Subsequently, a SPO1 mutant phage that could infect the resistant bacteria evolved. The emerging phage contained mutations in two genes, encoding the baseplate and fibers required for host attachment. Remarkably, the mutant phage gained the capacity to infect non‐host Bacillus species that are not infected by the wild‐type phage. We provide evidence that the evolved phage lost its dependency on the species‐specific glycosylation pattern of WTA polymers. Instead, the mutant phage gained the capacity to directly adhere to the WTA backbone, conserved among different species, thereby crossing the species barrier.
Making Information on CSR Scores Salient: A Randomized Field Experiment
Authors: Becchetti Leonardo , Salustri Francesco , Scaramozzino Pasquale 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe locate a giant ‘school report‐like’ scorecard poster with domain‐specific social and environmental responsibility scores of the ten leading world food companies, measured by the Oxfam ‘Behind the Brands’ world campaign, at the entrance of selected supermarkets. We test the impact of these scores on consumers’ choices by means of a randomized field experiment. Our findings show that the Oxfam ranking matters since the treatment has a positive and significant effect on the market share of the companies with the highest scores and a negative and significant effect on the companies placed at the lowest ranks. Invisibility matters too, with the largest non‐ranked companies selling in the store experiencing a slight fall in their market shares.
BRAF V600E expression in ameloblastomas—A 36‐patient cohort from Helsinki University Hospital
Authors: Kelppe Jetta , Thorén Hanna , Ristimäki Ari , Haglund Caj , Sorsa Timo , Hagström Jaana 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate BRAF V600E percentage immunohistochemically in ameloblastomas of a single institute cohort. We were interested if age, location, histological properties, or tumor recurrence depend on the BRAF status.Subjects, materials and methodsWe had 36 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded ameloblastoma tissue samples of patients treated at the Helsinki University Hospital between the years 1983–2016. Tissue sections underwent immunohistochemistry by Ventana BenchMark XT immunostainer using Ms Anti‐Braf V600E (VE1) MAB. We used R 3.4.2 and RStudio 1.1.383 to conduct statistical analysis for BRAF positivity and earlier onset as well as tumor location. We used chi‐squared tests and 2‐by‐2 table functions to determine connections between BRAF positivity and recurrence, growth pattern, and type.ResultsBRAF‐positive tumors occurred in younger patients compared to BRAF‐negative tumors (p = 0.015) and they located mostly to the mandible (p < 0.001). Growth patterns were limited to two in BRAF‐negative tumors when BRAF‐positive tumors presented with one to four growth patterns (p = 0.02). None of the maxillary tumors showed BRAF positivity and of these, 72.2% recurred.ConclusionsAn immunohistochemical BRAF marker could be a beneficial tool to predict the outcome of patients with this aggressive, easily recurring tumor.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in odontogenic keratocyst keratinocytes
Authors: Yang Shao-Bin , Pang Bao-Xing , Xue Jiao , Yuan Rong-Tao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate on the proliferation and apoptosis of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) keratinocytes in vitro.Materials and methodsKeratinocytes isolated from the epithelial lining of the OKC were cultured in keratinocyte serum‐free medium and identified by CK10, CK14, pan‐cytokeratin and vimentin immunofluorescence staining. The cells were exposed to EGCG at different concentrations, and proliferation inhibition was measured by cell counting kit 8 assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry, and expression of the WNT signalling pathway‐related proteins FZD3 and JNK3 was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blotting. Human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were used as the control.ResultsThe OKC keratinocytes were successfully cultured. The primary cells were tile‐like and expressed the epithelial biomarkers CK10, CK14 and pan‐cytokeratin. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate inhibited cell proliferation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, arrested cell cycle in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis of OKC keratinocytes. FZD3 and JNK3 were overexpressed in OKC keratinocytes compared with HOKs and were downregulated by epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate treatment.ConclusionEpigallocatechin‐3‐gallate inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in OKC keratinocytes, possibly by suppressing the WNT/JNK signalling pathway. It may thus be potentially used for OKC treatment.
World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Non‐opioid pain management of head and neck chemo/radiation‐induced mucositis: A systematic review
Authors: Christoforou Janina , Karasneh Jumana , Manfredi Maddalena , Dave Bella , Walker Jennifer S. , Dios Pedro Diz , Epstein Joel , Kumar Navdeep , Glick Michael , Lockhart Peter B. , Patton Lauren L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of non‐opioid interventions for the therapeutic management of pain in head and neck cancer patients with oral mucositis resulting from radiotherapy only or chemoradiotherapy.Materials and MethodsA literature search was conducted which included randomised controlled trials that assessed patient‐related outcome of pain in patients with oral mucositis associated with radiation therapy only or chemoradiotherapy. Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE via Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and CINAHL.ResultsThe electronic searches identified 846 articles. Screening revealed that six articles met all eligibility inclusion criteria. Interventions showing statistically significant benefits to reduce oral mucositis associated pain compared to placebo included doxepin (p < 0.001, 95% CI −6.7 to −2.1), amitriptyline (p = 0.04), diclofenac (p < 0.01) and benzydamine (p = 0.014).ConclusionsNon‐opioid interventions, including topical doxepin, amitriptyline, diclofenac and benzydamine, were found to provide relief of pain due to mucositis, and when effective may allow for reduction in the use of opioids in pain management.
Evaluation of care staff knowledge, confidence, motivation and opportunity for preventing falls in residential aged care settings: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Francis‐Coad Jacqueline , Hang Jo‐Aine , Etherton‐Beer Christopher , Ellis Alexandra , Hill Anne‐Marie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore care staff knowledge about falls and confidence, motivation and opportunity to undertake fall prevention strategies, in residential aged care (RAC) along with preferences for fall prevention education.BackgroundFalls account for the majority of adverse clinical events in RAC settings. Care staff in RAC settings are in a key position to influence residents’ actions to prevent falls, provided they have the necessary knowledge and skills.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey design with a purposive sample of 147 care staff at eight RAC facilities was undertaken in 2015. A custom‐designed questionnaire examining knowledge, confidence, motivation and opportunity to undertake falls prevention strategies was used.ResultsOnly 39 (26.5%) care staff were aware that the residents they cared for were at high risk of falls. Care staff knowledge of intrinsic falls risk factors was very limited, for example, only 18 (13.53%) observed for side effects of medication and just four (1.04%) were aware of continence issues. Conflicting duties also limited care staff time to undertake falls prevention strategies. Preferences for falls prevention education indicated face‐to‐face interactive discussions in the workplace (n = 98, [66.7%]) with reminder posters displayed around the facility (n = 80, [70.8%]).ConclusionsResidential aged care organisations need to engage with care staff to provide tailored falls education incorporating learning preferences and targeting knowledge gaps, to improve awareness of intrinsic risk factor impact and uptake of evidence‐based prevention strategies. Despite care staff being highly motivated, they have limited opportunity to assist residents with fall prevention within their workload. RAC management and funding bodies must address opportunity for care staff to fulfil this crucial role to benefit resident safety.Implication for practiceThis study identified gaps in care staffs’ knowledge and skills in undertaking falls prevention strategies in residential aged care settings. These findings will assist residential aged care organisations and health professional educators to design evidence‐based falls prevention education tailored to their care staffs' needs and preferences to facilitate adoption.
Surgically Relevant Morphological Parameters of Proximal Human Femur: A Statistical Analysis Based on 3D Reconstruction of CT Data
Authors: Soodmand Ehsan , Zheng Guoyan , Steens Wolfram , Bader Rainer , Nolte Lutz , Kluess Daniel 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesRecently, more accurate description of the femoral geometry has become of interest to engineers and orthopedic surgeons. However, an appropriate database is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present morphological parameters and their correlations, which are relevant for medical issues such as impingement after total hip replacement, as well as for implant design and the etiology of hip fractures.MethodsWe investigated 12 well‐known morphological parameters of the femur in 169 healthy human subjects through evaluation of 3D‐reconstructed CT scans. Pearson's coefficients of correlations were calculated using a statistical t‐test method for each pair of parameters.ResultsThe mean, maximum, minimum, median, and standard deviation values are reported for all parameters. Histograms showing the distribution of each morphological parameter are also presented. It is shown that absolute and horizontal offsets, total femur length, and NCVD parameters are normally distributed, but NCDF and NCDS are not. Furthermore, an inter‐correlation matrix was reported to reveal statistical correlations between these parameters. The strongest positive correlation existed between absolute offset (OSA) and horizontal offset (OSH), while the least positive correlation was found between NCDF and total femur length (TFL), and also between NCDS and NCDF. Anteversion angle (ATA) and OSA showed the least negative correlation. However, the strongest negative correlation was found between neck‐shaft angle (NSA) and greater trochanter height (GTH), as well as between OSA and NCVD.ConclusionsComprehending patients’ native bone morphology, including the variations and correlations, is essential for orthopedic surgeons to undertake preoperative planning and surgery as well as to appropriately design medical devices. Thus, more population‐based detailed databases are necessary. We investigated an extensive set of proximal femoral morphology parameters using a statistically standardized method to expand the existing knowledge. The results of our study can be used for diverse medical and biomechanical purposes.