bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional stress reduces flight performance and exploratory behavior in a butterfly
Authors: Reim Elisabeth , Eichhorn Danny , Roy Jan D. , Steinhoff Philip O. M. , Fischer Klaus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic global change, including agricultural intensification and climate change, poses a substantial challenge to many herbivores due to a reduced availability of feeding resources. The concomitant food stress is expected to detrimentally affect performance, amongst others in dispersal‐related traits. Thus, while dispersal is of utmost importance to escape from deteriorating habitat conditions, such conditions may negatively feedback on the ability to do so. Therefore, we here investigate the impact of larval and adult food stress on traits related to dispersal ability, including morphology, physiology, flight performance, and exploratory behavior, in a butterfly. We show that inadequate nutrition during development and in the adult stage diminishes flight performance, despite some re‐allocation of somatic resources. Detrimental effects of food stress on flight performance were mainly caused by reductions in body mass and storage reserves. Similar results were found for exploratory behavior. Furthermore, exploratory behavior was found to be (moderately) repeatable at the individual level, which might indicate the existence of a personality trait. This notion is further supported by the fact that flight performance and exploratory behavior were positively correlated, potentially suggesting the existence of a dispersal syndrome. In summary, our findings may have important implications for dispersal in natural environments, as the conditions requiring dispersal the most impair flight ability and thereby likely dispersal rates.
A Comparison of Temporal Dominance of Sensation (TDS) and Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA™) to Identify Flavors in Strawberries
Authors: Oliver Penelope , Cicerale Sara , Pang Edwin , Keast Russell 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTemporal dominance of sensations (TDS) is a rapid descriptive method that offers a different magnitude of information to traditional descriptive analysis methodologies. This methodology considers the dynamic nature of eating, assessing sensory perception of foods as they change throughout the eating event. Limited research has applied the TDS methodology to strawberries and subsequently validated the results against Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA™). The aim of this research is to compare the TDS methodology using an untrained consumer panel to the results obtained via QDA™ with a trained sensory panel. The trained panelists (n = 12, minimum 60 hr each panelist) were provided with six strawberry samples (three cultivars at two maturation levels) and applied QDA™ techniques to profile each strawberry sample. Untrained consumers (n = 103) were provided with six strawberry samples (three cultivars at two maturation levels) and required to use TDS methodology to assess the dominant sensations for each sample as they change over time. Results revealed moderately comparable product configurations produced via TDS in comparison to QDA™ (RV coefficient = 0.559), as well as similar application of the sweet attribute (correlation coefficient of 0.895 at first bite). The TDS methodology however was not in agreement with the QDA™ methodology regarding more complex flavor terms. These findings support the notion that the lack of training on the definition of terms, together with the limitations of the methodology to ignore all attributes other than those dominant, provide a different magnitude of information than the QDA™ methodology.Practical ApplicationA comparison of TDS to traditional descriptive analysis indicate that TDS provides additional information to QDA™ regarding the lingering component of eating. The QDA™ results however provide more precise detail regarding singular attributes. Therefore, the TDS methodology has an application in industry when it is important to understand the lingering profile of products. However, this methodology should not be employed as a replacement to traditional descriptive analysis methods.
Effects of CD36 Genotype on Oral Perception of Oleic Acid Supplemented Safflower Oil Emulsions in Two Ethnic Groups: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Burgess Brenda , Melis Melania , Scoular Katelyn , Driver Michael , Schaich Karen M. , Keller Kathleen L. , Tomassini Barbarossa Iole , Tepper Beverly J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrate humans can detect fatty acids via specialized sensors on the tongue, such as the CD36 receptor. Genetic variation at the common single nucleotide polymorphism rs1761667 of CD36 has been shown to differentially impact the perception of fatty acids, but comparative data among different ethnic groups are lacking. In a small cohort of Caucasian and East Asian young adults, we investigated if: (1) participants could detect oleic acid (C18:1) added to safflower oil emulsions at a constant ratio of 3% (w/v); (2) supplementation of oleic acid to safflower oil emulsions enhanced perception of fattiness and creaminess; and (3) variation at rs1761667 influenced oleic acid detection and fat taste perception. In a 3‐alternate forced choice test, 62% of participants detected 2.9 ± 0.7 mM oleic acid (or 0.08% w/v) in a 2.8% safflower oil emulsion. Supplementation of oleic acid did not enhance fattiness and creaminess perception for the cohort as a whole, though East Asians carrying the GG genotype perceived more overall fattiness and creaminess than their AA genotype counterparts (P < 0.001). No differences were observed for the Caucasians. These preliminary findings indicate that free oleic acid can be detected in an oil‐in‐water emulsion at concentrations found in commercial oils, but it does not increase fattiness or creaminess perception. Additionally, variation at rs1761667 may have ethnic‐specific effects on fat taste perception.
Intracellular Expression of Antifreeze Peptides in Food Grade Lactococcus lactis and Evaluation of Their Cryoprotective Activity
Authors: Zhang Li , Jin Quan , Luo Jing , Wu Jinhong , Wang Shaoyun , Wang Zhengwu , Gong Shengxiang , Zhang Wei , Lan Xiaohong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAntifreeze peptides can protect living organisms from low temperatures by preventing damage or killing due to ice crystal formation between cells. Therefore, antifreeze peptides can be used as a low temperature protectant for cryopreservation of cells and tissues, and also in food production. In this study, a recombinant SF‐P gene was constructed and inserted into pNZ8149 to construct a food grade expression vector, which was then electroporated into Lactococcus lactis NZ3900. The expression of the target protein was induced using Nisin, and the optimal expression condition was determined to be a pH of 6.0, Nisin concentration of 25 ng/mL, temperature of 37 °C, and incubation time of 6 hr. Compared to the strain NZ3900 and the recombinant strain SF‐P1 without addition of Nisin, the recombinant strain SF‐P2 showed the highest cell survival and thermal hysteresis activity, and had a reduction in the changes of activities of extracellular and intracellular lactate dehydrogenase and β‐galactosidase after freezing. Moreover, analysis by SEM showed that SF‐P2 cells were more completely and regularly shaped than other strains, displayed no obvious leakage of cell contents, and had an intact boundary between cells after freezing. These results indicate that the recombinant strain SF‐P2 has a protective effect against freezing. This paper presents a food grade expression system for an antifreeze peptide SF‐P using L. lactis as a host, and shows that the intracellular expression of antifreeze peptide could protect the cellular integrity and physiological functions of L. lactis.Practical ApplicationThe recombinant Lactococcus lactis with intracellular expression of antifreeze peptides SF‐P could reduce the damage of bacteria cells induced by freezing or freeze drying, so, it could be applied in the process of freezing food without separation, such as the manufacture of yoghurt ice cream, frozen dough, and so on.
Sensory Profile, Drivers of Liking, and Influence of Information on the Acceptance of Low‐Calorie Synbiotic and Probiotic Chocolate Ice Cream
Authors: Peres Juliana , Esmerino Erick , da Silva Alessandra Lins , Racowski Ilana , Bolini Helena 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the sensory profile and the influence of the information on the acceptance of the symbiotic chocolate ice cream made with sucrose and different sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose, neotame, Stevia with 60%, 85%, 95%, and 97% of rebaudioside A) through analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test, and partial least of square (PLS) regression. Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was carried out by 18 assessors, who evaluated the samples in relation to the raised descriptors. Additionally, two acceptance tests (blind/informed) were performed with 120 consumers. The samples sweetened with sucralose and rebaudioside 97% presented similar profile to the control sample, thus having a better potential to replace sucrose in chocolate ice cream. The acceptance test carried out with information had higher scores for the attributes appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, and overall impression. The correlation between data from the acceptance tests and QDA showed that the descriptors “low‐energy” and “natural sweetener” claims interfered negatively in the drivers of liking of chocolate ice cream. Therefore, we can conclude that some characteristics unnoticed by consumers were highlighted after providing the information about the product's characteristics.Practical ApplicationThis research is important and contributes to the manufacture and development of low‐calorie chocolate ice cream with functional properties, guiding, through suitable sensory and statistical tools, the application of stevia and other artificial sweeteners in products with reduction or total absence of sucrose and highlighting the impact of the labeling of these products on consumer perception.
Active Chicken Meat Packaging Based on Polylactide Films and Bimetallic Ag–Cu Nanoparticles and Essential Oil
Authors: Ahmed Jasim , Arfat Yasir Ali , Bher Anibal , Mulla Mehrajfatema , Jacob Harsha , Auras Rafael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPlasticized polylactide (PLA) composite films with multifunctional properties were created by loading bimetallic silver–copper (Ag–Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) and cinnamon essential oil (CEO) into polymer matrix via compression molding technique. Rheological, structural, thermal, barrier, and antimicrobial properties of the produced films, and its utilization in the packaging of chicken meat were investigated. PLA/PEG/Ag–Cu/CEO composites showed a very complex rheological system where both plasticizing and antiplasticizing effects were evident. Thermal properties of plasticized PLA film with polyethylene glycol (PEG) enhanced considerably with the reinforcement of NPs whereas loading of CEO decreased glass transition, melting, and crystallization temperature. The barrier properties of the composite films were reduced with the increase of CEO loading (P < 0.05). Their optical properties were also modified by the addition of both CEO and Ag–Cu NPs. The changes in the molecular organization of PLA composite films were visualized by FTIR spectra. Rough and porous surfaces of the films were evident by scanning electron microscopy. The effectiveness of composite films was tested against Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in chicken samples, and it was found that the films loaded with Ag–Cu NPs and 50% CEO showed maximum antibacterial action during 21 days at the refrigerated condition. The produced PLA/Ag–Cu/CEO composite films can be applied to active food packaging.Practical ApplicationThe nanoparticles and essential oil loaded PLA composite films are capable of exhibiting antimicrobial effects against Gram (+) and (–) bacteria, and extend the shelf‐life of chicken meat. The bionanocomposite films showed the potential to be manufactured commercially because of the thermal stability of the active components during the hot‐press compression molding process. The developed bionanocomposites could have practical importance and open a new direction for the active food packaging to control the spoilage and the pathogenic bacteria associated with the fresh chicken meat.
Effects of Different Acyl Gellan Gums on the Rheological Properties and Colloidal Stability of Blueberry Cloudy Juice
Authors: Xu Xue‐Jiao , Li Yan‐Hua , Fang Sheng , Chen Jie , Yuan Ying , Gan Jing , Tao Zui , Meng Yue‐Cheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, gellan gums with different acyl contents were prepared, and their effects on blueberry cloudy juices were compared. The rheological properties, stability coefficients, sedimentations, color parameters and particle size distributions of blueberry cloudy juices with 0.035% (w/w) of gellan gum were measured. As the acyl content increased, the viscosity increased, and the sedimentation and stability coefficient values decreased. Gellan gums with higher acyl contents provided better beverage stabilizing capabilities through stricter enforcement of the molecular associations. Overall, this study provides valuable information for enhancing the gelation and stabilization of blueberry cloudy juices, confirms the superiority of high acyl gellan gums for inhibiting the color fading of anthocyanins, and further guides the development of novel product concepts.Practical ApplicationCloudy juices made from blueberries have many benefits. However, the particles in cloudy juices will flocculate during storage, resulting in an undesirable precipitate. In our work, gellan gums with different acyl contents were prepared and applied to blueberry juice to prevent aggregation. The results provide valuable information for enhancing the stabilization of blueberry juices, confirm the superiority of high acyl gellan for inhibiting color fading, and further guide the development of novel product concepts.
Bacterial Communities in Serpa Cheese by Culture Dependent Techniques, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and High‐throughput Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Teresa P. , Benito María José , Córdoba María de Guía , Egas Conceição , Merchán Almudena V. , Galván Ana I. , Ruiz‐Moyano Santiago 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSerpa cheese is one of the traditional regional Portuguese cheeses having the Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) designation. This study investigated the bacterial community in the traditional Portuguese Serpa cheese. The microorganisms identified at the end of ripening (30 days) mainly were lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Lactobacillus paracasei/Lactobacillus casei was the main species in cheese from PDO registered industries, whereas in non‐PDO registered industries Lactobacillus brevis was highlighted, among other LAB. Enterobacteriaceae species were detected at 20% to 40% of the total isolates. The results obtained by high‐throughput sequencing analysis confirmed that LAB was the main microbial group, with Lactococcus genus contributing to approximately 40% to 60% of the population, followed by Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus. The Enterobacteriaceae family was also important. The differences between bacterial communities from PDO and non‐PDO registered industries suggest that the lack of regulation of the cheese‐making practices may influence unfavorably. The new knowledge about bacterial diversity in Serpa cheese could be useful to set up new ripening conditions, which favor the development of desirable microorganisms.Practical ApplicationThe control of the manufacturing process of traditional cheeses can be improved through the knowledge of the bacterial diversity that develops. Thus, the growth of desirable microorganisms can be promoted to homogenize the final product.
Natural Borneol Enhances Paclitaxel‐Induced Apoptosis of ESCC Cells by Inactivation of the PI3K/AKT
Authors: Meng Xiaofeng , Dong Xiaomei , Wang Wen , Yang Liu , Zhang Xia , Li Yanfang , Chen Tianfeng , Ma Hang , Qi Da , Su Jianyu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPaclitaxel (PTX) has been used in a variety of malignancies for inhibiting tumor development and improving survival. However, its clinical application is limited due to poor solubility, drug resistance, and gastrointestinal reactions. Natural borneol (NB), as a promoter, could help to improve drug absorption. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate the ability of NB to synergize with PTX to induce human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells apoptosis and the underlying mechanism of synergistic effects. In this study, our findings showed that NB could effectively synergize with PTX to inhibit the survival of ESCC cells by inducing apoptosis. The molecular mechanism by western blotting elucidated that combination treatment with PTX and NB significantly activated apoptotic pathway by triggering upregulation of cleaved caspase‐3 expression and downregulation of survivin and P‐AKT expression. These results demonstrated that NB could strongly potentiate PTX‐induced apoptosis in ESCC cells through suppressing PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, the combination therapy with NB and PTX might be a promising treatment strategy for human esophageal cancer.Practical ApplicationEsophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. It has brought about a major public health problem. Many natural agents have been employed in the synergized treatments of esophageal cancer. This study provides a comprehensive way to investigate the ability of borneol to synergize with paclitaxel to induce human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells apoptosis and the underlying mechanism of synergistic effects. The research showed that the combination treatment with some natural agents might be a promising treatment strategy for human esophageal cancer.
Responding to the SDG16 Measurement Challenge: The Governance, Peace and Security Survey Modules in Africa
Authors: Razafindrakoto Mireille , Roubaud François 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper presents an ongoing initiative, built on a practical approach grounded in fieldwork, to produce harmonised statistics on governance, peace and security (GPS) at continental level in Africa. The methodology consists of adding standardised GPS modules to official socioeconomic household surveys. In keeping with the widely promoted principles of inclusiveness and participation, the use of statistical surveys of large, representative samples of the population is a good strategy for voicing citizens’ views and concerns. The adoption of the 2030 agenda, which positions institution‐building and governance issues as a cornerstone of sustainable development, provides a unique opportunity to consolidate this pioneering African experience. Institutionalisation of the production of GPS statistics by national statistics offices in the official statistics field offers a promising means to take up the Goal 16 measurement challenge. The paper describes the main methodological options for doing so and draws lessons and initial evidence from a dozen countries that have piloted the GPS survey module. Selected empirical results illustrate the analytical potential and policy relevance of this approach.
Miniaturization of biologgers is not alleviating the 5% rule
Authors: Portugal Steven J. , White Craig R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The use of biologging technology has increased exponentially over the last decade, allowing us to study animal behaviour at a level of detail not previously possible.

It is clear from recent meta‐analyses that the attachment of such devices can have negative effects on individual animals, particularly their behaviour and physiology. In recognition of this, a commonly applied rule is to ensure that devices borne by flying animals weigh less than 5% of their body mass. Over time, the continuing miniaturization of devices should facilitate the deployment of devices that are an ever‐decreasing fraction of animal mass.

Despite these considerations regarding device mass, here we show that there has been no apparent reduction in the relationship between body mass and the mass of logging devices over the last 48 years.

Using a meta‐analytical approach, we demonstrate that the ongoing miniaturization of animal‐borne devices has resulted not in a decrease in the relative device mass borne by animals, but instead has prompted researchers to measure smaller and smaller species.

We recommend that researchers better exploit the ongoing miniaturization of devices to reduce the relative mass of the devices borne by animals, and avoid blind adoption of the 5% or any other arbitrary rule when designing research programs.
Advanced oxidation protein products induce pre‐osteoblast apoptosis through a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase‐dependent, mitogen‐activated protein kinases‐mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway
Authors: Zhu Si‐Yuan , Zhuang Jing‐Shen , Wu Qian , Liu Zhong‐Yuan , Liao Cong‐Rui , Luo Shi‐Gan , Chen Jian‐Ting , Zhong Zhao‐Ming 
Published: April 2018

SummaryOsteoblast apoptosis contributes to age‐related bone loss. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are recognized as the markers of oxidative stress and potent inducers of apoptosis. We have demonstrated thatAOPPaccumulation was correlated with age‐related bone loss. However, the effect ofAOPPs on the osteoblast apoptosis still remains unknown. Exposure of osteoblasticMC3T3‐E1 cells toAOPPs caused the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases. IncreasedROSinduced phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which subsequently triggered intrinsic apoptosis pathway by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and Ca2+overload and eventually leads to apoptosis. ChronicAOPPloading in aged Sprague‐Dawley rats induced osteoblast apoptosis and activatedNADPHoxidase signaling cascade, in combination with accelerated bone loss and deteriorated bone microstructure. Our study suggests thatAOPPs induce osteoblast apoptosis by theNADPHoxidase‐dependent,MAPK‐mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
Metformin alleviates human cellular aging by upregulating the endoplasmic reticulum glutathione peroxidase 7
Authors: Fang Jingqi , Yang Jiping , Wu Xun , Zhang Gangming , Li Tao , Wang Xi'e , Zhang Hong , Wang Chih‐chen , Liu Guang‐Hui , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMetformin, an FDA‐approved antidiabetic drug, has been shown to elongate lifespan in animal models. Nevertheless, the effects of metformin on human cells remain unclear. Here, we show that low‐dose metformin treatment extends the lifespan of human diploid fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. We report that a low dose of metformin upregulates the endoplasmic reticulum‐localized glutathione peroxidase 7 (GPx7). GP×7 expression levels are decreased in senescent human cells, and GPx7 depletion results in premature cellular senescence. We also indicate that metformin increases the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), which binds to the antioxidant response elements in the GPX7 gene promoter to induce its expression. Moreover, the metformin‐Nrf2‐GPx7 pathway delays aging in worms. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of metformin on human cellular aging and highlights the importance of the Nrf2‐GPx7 pathway in pro‐longevity signaling.