bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The shadow clinic: Emails, “curbsides,” and “quick peeks” in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Khorsand Kate , Sidbury Robert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCurbside consultations are common in pediatric dermatology. There are both associated risks and benefits. Email, text messaging, and cell phone cameras have greatly facilitated this practice. We sought to characterize the nature of this practice among pediatric dermatologists and highlight concerns.MethodsA 21‐question anonymous survey was sent to the 486 active members of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology.ResultsThere were 156 responses (32%). Over 45% of respondents received at least six consults per week. About half (49%) spent 6 minutes or more per case. Almost none of these consultations (3%) were compensated or captured in work relative value units. Most (87%) did not document or have a practice or institutional policy in place to address these consultations. A similar majority (80%) were uncertain if their existing liability insurance covered these activities. Over three‐quarters (76%) of respondents did not think or were unsure that Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act concerns were appropriately addressed.ConclusionsCurbside consultations in pediatric dermatology are common. They increase access, promote collegiality, and can be used for educational gain. They are also generally not compensated, consume considerable time, risk liability exposure for providers, and potentially compromise patient confidentiality. Effort should be made to standardize this practice so that the benefits are not outweighed by risks.
Pathogenesis and clinical features of alopecia in epidermolysis bullosa: A systematic review
Authors: Xie Danica , Bilgic‐Temel Asli , Abu Alrub Nada , Murrell Dedee F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic skin diseases characterized by the gene mutations encoding adhesion proteins within the skin. These adhesion proteins are also present in normal hair follicles. Anecdotally, there have been reports of scalp alopecia as a complication of EB and there are scattered cases in the literature, but alopecia has generally been overlooked in severe blistering diseases because it is regarded as a cosmetic issue. Therefore, there is no consensus about the natural history and clinical manifestations of alopecia in EB to allow potential intervention.ObjectivesTo review the current literature detailing the pathogenesis and clinical presentations of alopecia in EB patients.MethodsRelevant human studies were searched in Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE electronic databases up to October 2018.ResultsOnly 15 reports detailed 29 EB patients with demographic and clinical manifestations of alopecia. Vertical biopsy sections were the most common method of alopecia diagnosis, and the most common pattern was patchy scalp alopecia (45%) followed by diffuse alopecia (41%). The most robust finding was nonspecific scarring alopecia in all dystrophic EB (DEB) patients and nonspecific nonscarring alopecia in most patients with EB simplex (EBS).ConclusionsHair abnormalities observed in EB are of variable severity despite there being no universal validated alopecia scoring system, with alopecia occurring secondary to blistering, or in areas prone to trauma.
An unusual presentation of early congenital syphilis with annular configuration of blisters resembling “string‐of‐pearls”
Authors: Mathews Jerene , Naseem Jahangir Ahmed , Neupane Nischal , Parameswaran Narayanan , Chandrashekar Laxmisha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSkin lesions in early congenital syphilis can show considerable variability. A 35‐day‐old infant presented with rhinitis, desquamation of palms and soles, pseudoparalysis of the right upper limb, and annular lesions with peripheral blistering over the chest and abdomen, resembling a “string‐of‐pearls.” A diagnosis of congenital syphilis was made on the basis of radiologic evaluation and reactive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) in both mother and child. We report this case to highlight the unusual presentation of congenital syphilis with annular configuration of blisters, mimicking a “string‐of‐pearls."
Cold plasma as a novel treatment to reduce the in vitro growth and germination of Colletotrichum species
Authors: Siddique S. S. , St.J. Hardy G. E. , Bayliss K. L. 
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the use of cold plasma to reduce the in vitro growth of two postharvest fungal plant pathogens, Colletotrichum alienum and C. fioriniae, isolated from avocados. Cold plasma (CP) was used to treat pure cultures and conidial suspensions of both pathogens, for 180 or 360 s, in either open or sealed environments from varying distances. In an open environment, the 360 s treatment at a distance of 5 cm reduced the colony growth of freshly inoculated cultures to less than 2 mm/day compared to the control of more than 8 mm/day, and treatment of conidial suspensions resulted in almost 100% reduction of conidial germination. In the same environment, the 180 s CP treatment did not significantly reduce the colony growth of fresh or actively growing cultures, but did suppress the germination of conidia by up to 80%. In a sealed environment, the 360 s CP treatment also effectively reduced the growth of freshly inoculated cultures, with no growth for some isolates. Production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species was observed during treatment, and these may have contributed to the reduction in growth and germination. These results demonstrate the potential of CP for the control of two Colletotrichum species.
Dangerous liaisons
Authors: de Sá Pereira Roberto Horácio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper I take side on externalist incompatibilism. However, I intend to radicalize the position. First, based on my criticism of Burge's anaphoric proposal, I argue that there is no reasoning‐transparency: the reasoner is blind to the reasoning he is performing. Second, assuming a global form of content‐externalism, I argue that “in the head” are only logical and formal abilities. That is what I call “bite the bullet and swallow it too.”
Subjects, Topics, and Anchoring to the Context
Authors: Hinterhölzl Roland 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe article discusses the connection between the syntactic and semantic properties of weak, strong, and referentialDPsubjects. In particular, I argue that nominal expressions possess a situation argument and that their interpretation and their distribution follow from the presuppositional requirements that the determiner imposes on the individual argument and situation argument of its complement nominal. These presuppositional requirements, I then argue, are embodied by local relations of the subject to a distinct head in the C domain, Fin0in the system of Rizzi 1997, where specific referential values of discourse antecedents are accessible.
Deeply integrating Linked Data with Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Mai Gengchen , Janowicz Krzysztof , Yan Bo , Scheider Simon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe realization that knowledge often forms a densely interconnected graph has fueled the development of graph databases, Web‐scale knowledge graphs and query languages for them, novel visualization and query paradigms, as well as new machine learning methods tailored to graphs as data structures. One such example is the densely connected and global Linked Data cloud that contains billions of statements about numerous domains, including life science and geography. While Linked Data has found its way into everyday applications such as search engines and question answering systems, there is a growing disconnect between the classical ways in which Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are still used today and the open‐ended, exploratory approaches used to retrieve and consume data from knowledge graphs such as Linked Data. In this work, we conceptualize and prototypically implement a Linked Data connector framework as a set of toolboxes for Esri's ArcGIS to close this gap and enable the retrieval, integration, and analysis of Linked Data from within GIS. We discuss how to connect to Linked Data endpoints, how to use ontologies to probe data and derive appropriate GIS representations on the fly, how to make use of reasoning, how to derive data that are ready for spatial analysis out of RDF triples, and, most importantly, how to utilize the link structure of Linked Data to enable analysis. The proposed Linked Data connector framework can also be regarded as the first step toward a guided geographic question answering system over geographic knowledge graphs.
Metabolic regulation through the endosomal system
Authors: Gilleron Jerome , Gerdes Jantje M. , Zeigerer Anja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe endosomal system plays an essential role in cell homeostasis by controlling cellular signaling, nutrient sensing, cell polarity and cell migration. However, its place in the regulation of tissue, organ and whole body physiology is less well understood. Recent studies have revealed an important role for the endosomal system in regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis, with implications for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. By taking insights from in vitro studies of endocytosis and exploring their effects on metabolism, we can begin to connect the fields of endosomal transport and metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we explore current understanding of how the endosomal system influences the systemic regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in mice and humans. We highlight exciting new insights that help translate findings from single cells to a wider physiological level and open up new directions for endosomal research.
Clinical outcomes, ultrastructure and immunohistochemical features of canine high‐grade olfactory neuroblastoma
Authors: Church Molly E. , Veluvolu Sridhar M. , Durham Amy C. , Woolard Kevin D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOlfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare intranasal neoplasm in both dogs and humans. Similar clinical presentation and overlapping histologic and immunohistochemical features of ONB with other intranasal neoplasms can make diagnosis and treatment of intranasal neoplasia challenging. Furthermore, in part because of their rarity, there is a lack of reporting on therapeutic regimen for these neoplasms. In humans, initial debulking surgery is usually followed by radiation therapy. Here we report on the histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of canine ONB and report on the clinical progression of cases treated with radiation therapy. In all nine canine ONB examined here, neoplastic cells were arranged in a lobular manner amidst a prominent neurofibrillary matrix and had features consistent with Grade III (high grade) ONB. The neoplastic cells demonstrated positive immunohistochemical staining for TuJ‐1, a Class III beta‐tubulin neuronal cytoskeletal protein, and variable staining for other markers, including chromogranin, synaptophysin, AE1/AE3 and MAP2. The longest surviving case was treated with a regimen similar to that used in humans, consisting of debulking surgery followed by definitive radiation therapy. Our study found that TuJ‐1 is a useful marker for ONB and that radiation therapy, even in cases of advanced disease, may result in prolonged survival.
Prevalence and laboratorial determinants of the clinical relevance of antibodies of undetermined specificity
Authors: de Albuquerque da Veiga Conrado Marina Cavalcanti , Cardoso Regina A. , Dezan Marcia Regina , Oliveira Valeria Brito , Neto Abel da Costa , Ziza Karen Chinoca , Krieger José Eduardo , Pereira Alexandre Costa , Sabino Ester Cerdeira , Rocha Vanderson , Mendrone‐Júnior Alfredo , Dinardo Carla Luana 
Published: June 2019

Background and ObjectivesAntibodies of unknown specificity (AUS) are frequently identified in the pre‐transfusion testing. These antibodies can be insignificant or potentially cause post‐transfusion haemolysis. Information about the prevalence of clinically relevant AUS is still lacking. Our aim was to predict the potential clinical relevance of AUS using the monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) and to identify the clinical and laboratorial determinants of AUS’ significance.Materials and MethodsAntibodies of unknown specificity identified at a single institution from 2015–2017 were evaluated through MMA. A monocyte index (MI) of more than 5% was predictive of potential post‐transfusion haemolysis.ResultsThirty‐two patients with AUS were included in the study. Of the studied AUS, 37·5% (12/32) presented with a monocyte index (MI) more than 5%. In the group of significant AUS, 41·7% of the patients presented with sickle cell disease (SCD) and the AUS were associated with Rh antibodies in 75% of the cases. In the group of insignificant AUS, only 10% of the patients had SCD and the association with Rh antibodies was detected in 20% of the cases. The presence of Rh antibodies was independently associated with the AUS clinical relevance (P = 0·012).ConclusionMore than one‐third of the AUS are potentially clinically relevant, and the association with Rh antibodies is predictive of AUS relevance. Services must honour AUS in the pre‐transfusion process in order to ensure transfusion safety.
Role of zebrafish ClC‐K/barttin channels in apical kidney chloride reabsorption
Authors: Pérez‐Rius Carla , Castellanos Aida , Gaitán‐Peñas Héctor , Navarro Almudena , Artuch Rafael , Barrallo‐Gimeno Alejandro , Estévez Raúl 
Published: June 2019

Key points
We have characterized the zebrafish clc‐k and barttin proteins, demonstrating that they form a protein complex mediating chloride flux in a similar manner to their mammalian counterparts.
As in mammals, in zebrafish, clc‐k and barttin are basically expressed in the kidney. Contrary to what is found in mammals, in zebrafish both proteins show an apical localization in the kidney.
We have generated the first knockout in zebrafish of a CLC protein. Lack of clc‐k in zebrafish resulted in embryonic lethality, possibly caused by a reduction in total chloride content. As a consequence, there is an up‐regulation of other chloride channels and other regulatory mechanisms such as renin or the uro‐guanylin receptor in the kidney.
barttin is mislocalized in vivo when clc‐k is not present, indicating that there is a mutual dependence of the protein expression and localization between barttin and clc‐k proteins.
AbstractClC‐K/barttin channels are very important for salt transport in the kidney. This function can be clearly seen since mutations in CLCNKB or BSND cause Bartter's syndrome types III and IV, respectively. Working with the freshwater teleost zebrafish, we characterized the genes homologous to the mammalian chloride channel ClC‐K and its obligate subunit barttin and we obtained and studied clc‐k knockout zebrafish. The zebrafish clc‐k/barttin proteins are very similar to their mammalian counterparts, and both proteins are necessary to mediate chloride currents. Localization studies indicated that both proteins are exclusively expressed in the apical membranes of zebrafish kidney tubules. Knockout of clc‐k resulted in embryonic lethality. These animals showed barttin mislocalization and a reduction in whole‐body chloride concentration, as well as up‐regulation of the expression of other chloride channels and renin, and an increase in the kidney expression of the uroguanylin receptor. Our results indicate that apical kidney chloride reabsorption through clc‐k/barttin channels is crucial for chloride homeostasis in zebrafish as it is in humans. The zebrafish model could be used as a new in vivo system to study ClC‐K function.
Randomized prospective trial of cooled versus traditional radiofrequency ablation of the medial branch nerves for the treatment of lumbar facet joint pain
Authors: McCormick Zachary L , Choi Heejung , Reddy Rajiv , Syed Raafay H , Bhave Meghan , Kendall Mark C , Khan Dost , Nagpal Geeta , Teramoto Masaru , Walega David R 
Published: June 2019

Background and objectivesNo previous study has assessed the outcomes of cooled radiofrequency ablation (C-RFA) of the medial branch nerves (MBN) for the treatment of lumbar facet joint pain nor compared its effectiveness with traditional RFA (T-RFA). This study evaluated 6-month outcomes for pain, function, psychometrics, and medication usage in patients who underwent MBN C-RFA versus T-RFA for lumbar Z-joint pain.MethodsIn this blinded, prospective trial, patients with positive diagnostic MBN blocks (>75% relief) were randomized to MBN C-RFA or T-RFA. The primary outcome was the proportion of ‘responders’ (≥50% Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) reduction) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included NRS, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Patient Global Impression of Change.ResultsForty-three participants were randomized to MBN C-RFA (n=21) or T-RFA (n=22). There were no significant differences in demographic variables (p>0.05). A ≥50% NRS reduction was observed in 52% (95% CI 31% to 74%) and 44% (95% CI 22% to 69%) of participants in the C-RFA and T-RFA groups, respectively (p=0.75). A ≥15-point or ≥30% reduction in ODI score was observed in 62% (95% CI 38% to 82%) and 44% (95% CI 22% to 69%) of participants in the C-RFA and T-RFA groups, respectively (p=0.21).ConclusionsWhen using a single diagnostic block paradigm with a threshold of >75% pain reduction, both treatment with both C-RFA and T-RFA resulted in a success rate of approximately 50% when defined by both improvement in pain and physical function at 6-month follow-up. While the success rate was higher in the C-RFA group, this difference was not statistically significant.Trial registration numberNCT02478437.
Baseline Low Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts Poor Survival in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas Treated With Radical Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Topkan Erkan , Yucel Ekici Nur , Ozdemir Yurday , Besen Ali Ayberk , Mertsoylu Huseyin , Sezer Ahmet , Selek Ugur 
Published: June 2019

Background: To retrospectively assess the impact of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on survival outcomes of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods: This study incorporated 154 patients with LA-NPC who received exclusive cisplatinum-based CCRT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was utilized for accessibility of pretreatment PNI cutoffs influencing survival results. The primary end point was the interaction between the overall survival (OS) and PNI values, while cancer-specific survival (CSS) locoregional progression-free survival (LR-PFS), distant metastasis–free survival (DMFS), and PFS were the secondary end points. Results: A rounded PNI cutoff value of 51 was identified in ROC curve analyses to exhibit significant link with CSS, OS, DMFS, and PFS outcomes, but not LR-PFS. Patients grouping per PNI value (≥51 [N = 95] vs <51 [N = 49]) revealed that PNI < 51 group had significantly shorter median CSS ( P < .001), OS ( P < .001), DMFS ( P < .001), and PFS ( P < .001) times than the PNI ≥ 51 group, and the multivariate results confirmed the PNI < 51 as an independent predictor of poor outcomes for each end point ( P < .05 for each). The unfavorable impact of the low PNI was also continued at 10-year time point with survival rates of 77.9% versus 42.4%, 73.6% versus 33.9%, 57.9% versus 27.1%, and 52.6% versus 23.7% for CSS, OS, DMFS, and PFS, respectively. Additionally, we found that PNI < 51 was significantly associated with higher rates of weight loss >5% over past 6 months (49.2% versus 11.6%; P = .002) compared to PNI < 51 group. Conclusion: Low pre-CCRT PNI levels were independently associated with significantly reduced CSS, OS, DMFS, and PFS outcomes in patients with LA-NPC treated with definitive CCRT.
The incidence and prevalence of delirium across palliative care settings: A systematic review
Authors: Watt Christine L , Momoli Franco , Ansari Mohammed T , Sikora Lindsey , Bush Shirley H , Hosie Annmarie , Kabir Monisha , Rosenberg Erin , Kanji Salmaan , Lawlor Peter G 
Published: June 2019

Background: Delirium is a common and distressing neurocognitive condition that frequently affects patients in palliative care settings and is often underdiagnosed. Aim: Expanding on a 2013 review, this systematic review examines the incidence and prevalence of delirium across all palliative care settings. Design: This systematic review and meta-analyses were prospectively registered with PROSPERO and included a risk of bias assessment. Data sources: Five electronic databases were examined for primary research studies published between 1980 and 2018. Studies on adult, non-intensive care and non-postoperative populations, either receiving or eligible to receive palliative care, underwent dual reviewer screening and data extraction. Studies using standardized delirium diagnostic criteria or valid assessment tools were included. Results: Following initial screening of 2596 records, and full-text screening of 153 papers, 42 studies were included. Patient populations diagnosed with predominantly cancer ( n = 34) and mixed diagnoses ( n = 8) were represented. Delirium point prevalence estimates were 4%–12% in the community, 9%–57% across hospital palliative care consultative services, and 6%–74% in inpatient palliative care units. The prevalence of delirium prior to death across all palliative care settings ( n = 8) was 42%–88%. Pooled point prevalence on admission to inpatient palliative care units was 35% (confidence interval = 0.29–0.40, n = 14). Only one study had an overall low risk of bias. Varying delirium screening and diagnostic practices were used. Conclusion: Delirium is prevalent across all palliative care settings, with one-third of patients delirious at the time of admission to inpatient palliative care. Study heterogeneity limits meta-analyses and highlights the future need for rigorous studies.
Correlation between subcutaneous fat measurements in knee MRI and BMI: relationship to obesity and related co-morbidities
Authors: Hernandez Ricardo , Younan Yara , Mulligan Michael , Singer Adam D , Sharma Gulshan B , Umpierrez Monica , Gonzalez Felix M 
Published: June 2019

Background Obesity is a major public health disorder associated with multiple co-morbidities. Knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits visualization of the subcutaneous fat anatomy, which can be correlated to body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related co-morbidities. Purpose This study intends to validate a method of correlating measurements of subcutaneous fat around the distal femur on axial MR images to BMI and obesity-related co-morbidities. Material and Methods The most proximal axial slice of each knee MRI was divided into four quadrants. Measurements of the thickest portion of the subcutaneous fat in each quadrant were independently obtained, yielding a value which was assigned the name of the SubCut fat index. The relationship between the SubCut fat index of each quadrant and the patient’s BMI was then evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curves utilizing both the subcutaneous fat in the medial and lateral quadrants as well as BMI were performed with respect to obesity-related co-morbidities. Results SubCut fat index measurements in all four quadrants and BMI show the strongest correlation (all four, ANOVA P < 0.0001, r = 0.6), with subcutaneous fat measurements of the anterior medial (p < 0.0001) and posterior medial quadrants ( P = 0.01). Additionally, BMI and medial quadrants SubCut indices showed strong association with obesity-related co-morbidities including sleep apnea, asthma, diabetes, hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and osteoporosis. Conclusion The SubCut fat index, a marker of distal femur subcutaneous fat on axial MRI, correlates with severity of obesity (BI) and associated obesity-related co-morbidities.