bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptor variant 12 promotes migration and invasion by regulating MYLK in gastric cancer
Authors: Xia Nan , Cui Jiantao , Zhu Min , Xing Rui , Lu Youyong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) and its variants (AR‐Vs) promote tumorigenesis and metastasis in many hormone‐related cancers, such as breast, prostate and hepatocellular cancers. However, the expression patterns and underlying molecular mechanisms of AR in gastric cancer (GC) are not fully understood. This study aimed to detect the expression of AR‐Vs in GC and explored their role in metastasis of GC. Here, the AR expression form was identified in GC cell lines and tissues by RT‐PCR and qPCR. Transwell assays and experimental lung metastasis animal models were used to assess the function of AR in cell migration and invasion. Downstream targets of AR were screened by bioinformatics, and identified by luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. AR‐v12 was identified as the main expression form in GC cell lines and tissues. Different from full length of AR, AR‐v12 was localized to the nucleus independent of androgen. Upregulation of AR‐v12 in primary GC tissues was significantly associated with metastasis. Overexpression of AR‐v12 promoted migration and invasion independent of androgen. Knockdown of AR‐v12 inhibited migration and invasion in vitro, as well as metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, AR‐v12, serving as a transcription factor, promoted metastasis through regulating the promoter activity of MYLK. In AR‐v12 overexpressing cells, knockdown of MYLK inhibited cell migration and invasion, while in AR‐v12 knocked‐down cells, overexpression of MYLK promoted cell migration and invasion. Collectively, our study demonstrates that AR‐v12 is highly expressed in GC tissues and promotes migration and invasion through directly regulating MYLK. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instrumented Version of the Modified Dynamic Gait Index in Patients With Neurologic Disorders
Authors: Anastasi Denise , Carpinella Ilaria , Gervasoni Elisa , Matsuda Patricia N. , Bovi Gabriele , Ferrarin Maurizio , Cattaneo Davide 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundGait instability is common in adults with neurologic disorders and the modified Dynamic Gait Index (mDGI) was recently introduced to assess dynamic balance. However, instrumental assessment is needed to provide quantitative measures.ObjectiveTo develop and validate an instrumented version of the mDGI.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingClinical setting.ParticipantsThirty adults with neurologic disorders (10 with multiple sclerosis, 10 with Parkinson disease, and 10 with stroke) and 20 healthy volunteers.MethodsParticipants were assessed with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and with the mDGI. During the assessment of mDGI, data were collected by a single Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) positioned on the sternum. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the instrumented data extracting eight PC scores (ImPC) describing dynamic balance. The instrumented overall score (ImDGI) was then calculated as the sum of the mPCs. PCA revealed two components associated with stride features and regularity (ImDGI_Gait_Pattern) and trunk movements (ImDGI_Trunk_Sway).Spearman coefficients were calculated between mDGI and ImDGI, whereas Mann‐Whitney (U) and Kruskal‐Wallis (H) tests assessed differences between groups and neurologic conditions.Main Outcome MeasurementsImDGI.ResultsImDGI did not show ceiling effects, and good correlations were found between ImDGI and mDGI (r = .84), and TUG (r = .84) for people with neurologic disorders (P < .001). Significant differences among pathologies (H test(2)=12.5, P = .002) and between healthy participants and adults with neurologic disorders (U test = 47.0, P = .001) were found. ImDGI_Trunk_Sway discriminated between people using or not using walking aids and among the three pathologies (H(2) = 10.0, P = .007).ConclusionsThe ImDGI test seems to provide valid measures to objectively assess dynamic balance in neurologic conditions and possibly quantify balance deficits also in adults with neurologic disorders.
Ion exchange nutrient recovery from anaerobic membrane bioreactor permeate
Authors: Mullen Patrick , Venkiteshwaran Kaushik , Zitomer Daniel H. , Mayer Brooke K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNutrient recovery from municipal wastewater was evaluated using anion exchange media loaded with hydrated ferric oxide (HFO) and copper (Cu2+) (Dow‐HFO‐Cu resin) to selectively capture phosphate, followed by clinoptilolite for ammonium removal and recovery. Nutrients were concentrated in the regenerants and recovered as precipitated struvite. Media exchange capacity after multiple ion exchange cycles was determined using permeate from an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating synthetic or actual municipal wastewater from a full‐scale water reclamation facility. Regeneration through five ion exchange cycles using relatively low concentration regenerant solution (2% NaCl and 0.5% NaOH) resulted in the highest phosphate exchange capacity and phosphate recovery. This regenerant also provided the most consistent ammonium recovery. Column tests treating AnMBR permeate were performed over five ion exchange cycles; Dow‐HFO‐Cu resin exchange capacities ranged from 1.6 to 2.8 mg PO4‐P/g dry media. A maximum of 94% of the removed phosphate was recovered during regeneration. The rate and extent of regeneration was insensitive to regenerant salt concentrations in the range investigated. Precipitation using a mixture of the spent regeneration brines from the Dow‐HFO‐Cu resin and clinoptilolite columns produced low molar ratios of Mg:NH4:PO4, suggesting that the recovered product was not pure struvite.Practitioner points

Ion exchange‐precipitation for the removal and recovery of and NH4+ from AnMBR permeate is a promising technology.

2% NaCl + 0.5% NaOH regeneration solution provided the most consistent exchange performance for both phosphate and ammonium recovery.

Regenerated Dow‐HFO‐Cu resin exchange capacity was consistently less than the virgin resin, likely due to copper leaching during regeneration.

Molar ratios in the precipitates suggested that the precipitated material was not pure struvite.
Nongeometric heterotic strings and dual F-theory with enhanced gauge groups
Authors: Kimura Yusuke 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Eight-dimensional nongeometric heterotic strings were constructed as duals of F-theory on Λ1,1 ⊕ E
8 ⊕ E
7 lattice polarized K3 surfaces by Malmendier and Morrison. We study the structure of the moduli space of this construction. There are special points in this space at which the ranks of the non-Abelian gauge groups on the 7-branes in F-theory are enhanced to 18. We demonstrate that the enhanced rank-18 non-Abelian gauge groups arise as a consequence of the coincident 7-branes, which deform stable degenerations on the F-theory side. This observation suggests that the non-geometric heterotic strings include nonperturbative effects of the coincident 7-branes on the F-theory side. The gauge groups that arise at these special points in the moduli space do not allow for perturbative descriptions on the heterotic side.
We also construct a family of elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau 3-folds by fibering K3 surfaces with enhanced singularities over ℙ1. Highly enhanced gauge groups arise in F-theory compactifications on the resulting Calabi-Yau 3-folds.
Sign of Life is Associated with Return of Spontaneous Circulation After Resuscitative Thoracotomy: Single Trauma Center Experience of Republic of Korea
Authors: Kang Byung Hee , Choi Donghwan , Huh Yo , Kwon Junsik , Jung Kyoungwon , Lee John Cook‐Jong , Moon Jonghwan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundResuscitative thoracotomy (RT) can be a lifesaving treatment, but it has not yet been performed in Korea. In this study, we review our experience of RT after a regional trauma center was constructed.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of RT conducted at a single Korean trauma center from May 2014 to March 2018. The primary outcome was survival, and the secondary outcome was return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The clinical characteristics of the patients were compared between the ROSC and non‐ROSC groups. Survivors were also reviewed.ResultsA total of 62 patients were reviewed, and 60 patients had experienced blunt injury. Thirty‐nine patients had ROSC. The ROSC group had short cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time (6 [2–10] min vs 11 [8–12] min, p < 0.001), the presence of sign of life at the trauma bay [32 (86.5%) vs 7 (28.0%), p < 0.001], and a low Injury Severity Score [26 (25–39) vs 37 (30–75), p = 0.038] compared to the non‐ROSC group. On multivariate analysis, only the presence of sign of life was significantly associated with ROSC [11.297 (1.496–85.309) OR (95% CI), p = 0.019]. The 24‐h survival rate was 8.1%, and the successful discharge rate was 4.8%.ConclusionThe outcome of RT in a Korean trauma center was favorable. ROSC after RT was strongly associated with the presence of sign of life, and RT may be performed in the presence of sign of life regardless of prehospital CPR time.
Private finance integration to affordable housing production: a comparison between Copenhagen and Istanbul
Authors: Turk Suheyla 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes transformations in institutions of affordable housing production connected to neoliberalization, which have impacted affordability rates and income gaps in Copenhagen and Istanbul. Also, different types of affordable housing began to develop, such as modular housing of Almenbolig+ in Copenhagen and housing for very low-income people in Istanbul. Increased affordability rates are the results of the transformations of welfare state-based practices to market-based approaches. The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare how affordable housing institutions have transformed from being financed through public funds to private funding sources since the periods of financial crisis in 2001 and 2008 in a Western and non-Western country. Using the concept of neoliberal localization, this comparative case study employs variation finding tool to analyze the transformations under three causal mechanisms. The first mechanism is state withdrawal of providing finance to affordable housing production; second, collaboration with private sector for financing affordable housing while increasing authority of municipalities. The third mechanism is restructuring institutions to open a base for public-private partnerships. Primary data was provided from interviews, while secondary data was gathered from planning policies, legislations, OECD and country statistics. The outcome of this study reveals information about changes in affordable housing institutions and neoliberal effects on affordable housing production due to contributions of local governments contingent on requirements of private funding.
Brief period of post-encoding wakeful rest supports verbal memory retention in children aged 10–13 years
Authors: Martini Markus , Martini Caroline , Sachse Pierre 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEvidence exists that a brief period of wakeful rest after learning can support the retention of memories, whereas a period filled with a cognitive task after learning can weaken the retention of memories. The present study in 10–13 year old children investigated whether wakeful resting after encoding is more beneficial for the retention of new verbal information than watching movies, which reflects a common everyday life/learning break activity in children at this age. Children encoded a word list. After immediate recall of this word list, they wakefully rested for 12 min. Next, children encoded another word list. After immediate recall of this word list, they watched animated short movies for 12 min. The order of the delay conditions (rest, movies) was counterbalanced across children. At the end of the experimental session, a surprise free recall test took place. Overall analyses revealed that while memory performance decreased over time in both the resting condition and movies condition, it decreased significantly more in the movies condition. These results indicate that wakeful resting supports the retention of verbal information in children aged 10–13 years.
Contemporary Liquid Brine Exploration on Mars: From Spectral Unmixing to Subpixel Mapping
Authors: Zhong Y. , He D. , Luo B. , Zhang L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWater is a critical symbol for the existence of life in deep space exploration, and thus, the confirmation of the existence of liquid water on the contemporary Martian surface is important for the future studies of the hydrologic cycle and potential life on Mars. The main Mars observation system at a global scale is the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter; however, this system has several drawbacks, that is, it cannot simultaneously resolve the features narrower than a few meters and scrutinize the surface composition both physically and chemically, leading to deficient and unsophisticated aqueous activity detection. Therefore, in this study, a joint endmember extraction, spectral analysis, and subpixel mapping technique, which we refer to as a joint processing pipeline, was applied to accommodate the detailed spatial information with the composition information in the physical and chemical aspects through luxuriant spectra. The validation of the proposed joint processing pipeline is described in the experimental part, with a case study of the megadune in the Russell Crater of Mars. The experimental results not only confirm the superior performance of the proposed pipeline in the accurate mapping and retrieval of Mars surface geology but also provide spectral evidence for the confirmation that hydrated material existed in the Russell Crater.
The Thermal Effects of Plate‐Bending‐Related Thickening of the Oceanic Crustal Aquifer in the Nankai Trough and Japan Trench Subduction Zones
Authors: Lucero A. C. , Spinelli G. A. , He J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor the Nankai Trough and Japan Trench subduction zones, we examine the combined thermal effects of lateral heat exchange by fluid circulation in an oceanic crustal aquifer and the thickening of that aquifer due to plate‐bending‐related faulting. Faults induced by the bending of a plate entering a subduction zone are hypothesized to increase the depth over which vigorous hydrothermal circulation can redistribute heat in the oceanic crust. Previous 1‐D (vertical) thermal models have examined how aquifer thickening can mine heat from deep in the crust seaward of the trench. Here we construct 2‐D thermal models that include aquifer thickening and lateral heat exchange in the aquifer. We vary the maximum aquifer thickness and the landward extent to which hydrothermal circulation persists within the subducted crust. For the Nankai margin, models most consistent with heat flux data require vigorous fluid circulation extending up to 150 km landward of the trench; aquifer thickening is permitted but not required for models to be consistent with the heat flux observations. Conversely, for the Japan Trench, preferred models include substantial aquifer thickening (maximum aquifer thickness of 1.8–5 km); vigorous circulation extending landward of the trench is permitted but is not required. For hot subduction zones, the thermal effects of aquifer thickening are modest relative to the large lateral advective heat redistribution. For cold subduction zones, where small lateral temperature gradients limit the amount of lateral heat redistribution, aquifer thickening can be the dominant process generating thermal anomalies.
Turbulence Within Natural Mangrove Pneumatophore Canopies
Authors: Norris Benjamin K. , Mullarney Julia C. , Bryan Karin R. , Henderson Stephen M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh‐resolution velocity measurements were collected within and above two dense canopies of mangrove pneumatophore roots in a wave‐exposed mangrove forest. In both canopies, root density decreased steadily with height above bed owing to the variability in root heights and the tapered shape of the roots. Within the canopies, we consider turbulence within three zones: near the bed above the wave boundary layer, around the mean canopy height, and above the canopy. The near‐bed turbulence was particularly intense (up to 6.5 × 10−4 W/kg), likely owing to oscillatory wave‐driven currents flowing past dense vegetation. Near the bed and around the mean canopy height, peaks in horizontal velocity power spectra at frequencies corresponding to Strouhal numbers of ~0.2 may indicate Von Kármán wake shedding in the lee of the pneumatophores. Furthermore, a recirculation zone was observed immediately behind a cluster of pneumatophores at intermediate heights. These coherent flow structures were associated with zones of enhanced Reynolds stresses (up to 5.3 × 10−3 m2/s2) and eddy viscosities (up to 1.9 × 10−3 m2/s). Large near‐bed stresses were associated with near‐bed drag coefficients that are up to an order of magnitude larger than those expected in the absence of vegetation. Observed eddy viscosities are consistent with theoretical expectations, derived from scaling arguments using a standard mixing‐length model. These results suggest that pneumatophore roots can contribute greatly to turbulent mixing (e.g., eddy viscosities were on average O(10−4–10−3 m2/s) and therefore may enhance the sediment transport occurring in mangrove forest fringes.
Turbulent Transport in the Gray Zone: A Large Eddy Model Intercomparison Study of the CONSTRAIN Cold Air Outbreak Case
Authors: de Roode Stephan R. , Frederikse Thomas , Siebesma A. Pier , Ackerman Andrew S. , Chylik Jan , Field Paul R. , Fricke Jens , Gryschka Micha , Hill Adrian , Honnert Rachel , Krueger Steve K. , Lac Christine , Lesage Andrew T. , Tomassini Lorenzo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo quantify the turbulent transport at gray zone length scales between 1 and 10 km, the Lagrangian evolution of the CONSTRAIN cold air outbreak case was simulated with seven large eddy models. The case is characterized by rather large latent and sensible heat fluxes and a rapid deepening rate of the boundary layer. In some models the entrainment velocity exceeds 4 cm/s. A significant fraction of this growth is attributed to a strong longwave radiative cooling of the inversion layer. The evolution and the timing of the breakup of the stratocumulus cloud deck differ significantly among the models. Sensitivity experiments demonstrate that a decrease in the prescribed cloud droplet number concentration and the inclusion of ice microphysics both act to speed up the thinning of the stratocumulus by enhancing the production of precipitation. In all models the formation of mesoscale fluctuations is clearly evident in the cloud fields and also in the horizontal wind velocity. Resolved vertical fluxes remain important for scales up to 10 km. The simulation results show that the resolved vertical velocity variance gradually diminishes with a coarsening of the horizontal mesh, but the total vertical fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum are only weakly affected. This is a promising result as it demonstrates the potential use of a mesh size‐dependent turbulent length scale for convective boundary layers at gray zone model resolutions.
Oxygen Isotope Variability of Planktonic Foraminifera Provide Clues to Past Upper Ocean Seasonal Variability
Authors: Metcalfe Brett , Feldmeijer Wouter , Ganssen Gerald M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe major control upon abundance of planktonic foraminifera and their stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) signature is the seasonally linked variation in water hydrography, key to the proliferation or attenuation of ecologically beneficial constraints. The range and variance σ(δ18O) of planktonic foraminifera can reflect changes in either the season or depth of calcification. For a detailed reconstruction of ocean changes we employed multispecies single‐specimen analysis, which allows extraction of the isotopic variability within the species for the time covered by the sample. Previous studies with pooled specimens have shown that the multiannual temperature range may be extracted. Here we investigate how seasonality can be deduced from single‐specimen analysis of planktonic foraminifera combined with multiple other proxies (IRD percent, faunal abundance) from Termination III. Our single‐shell isotope results show that the variance in Globigerina bulloides oxygen isotope values corresponds to the insolation at the core site. Furthermore, faunal and isotopic analyses of the polar‐subpolar neogloboquadrinid species, N. pachyderma (NPS) and N. incompta, reveal an intriguing result. These species are sister taxa, representing genetically distinct species, whose relative abundance reflects warm and cold conditions. While the difference between their isotopic means should reflect the temperature difference between their distinct growing seasons, we show that this difference also has a statistically significant relationship with the spread in individual NPS δ18O. At an appropriate core site, this approach could be used to further constrain the length of the growing season and therefore the inherent variability recorded within proxy records.
A new study towards PSR J1826–1334 and PSR J1826–1256 in the region of HESS J1825–137 and HESS J1826–130
Authors: Duvidovich L. , Giacani E. , Castelletti G. , Petriella A. , Supán L. 
Published: February 2019

Aims. The goal of this paper is to detect synchrotron emission from the relic electrons of the crushed pulsar wind nebula (PWN) HESS J1825−137 and to investigate the origin of the γ-ray emission from HESS J1826−130.
Methods. The study of HESS J1825−137 was carried out on the basis of new radio observations centred at the position of PSR J1826−1334 performed with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array at 1.4 GHz in configurations B and C. To investigate the nature of HESS J1826−130, we reprocessed unpublished archival data obtained with XMM-Newton.
Results. The new radio continuum image towards PSR J1826−1334 reveals a bright radio source, with the pulsar located in its centre, which suggests that this feature could be the radio counterpart of the compact component of the PWN detected at high energy. The new 1.4 GHz radio data do not reveal emission with an extension comparable with that observed in γ-rays for the HESS J1825−137 source. On the other hand, the XMM-Newton study of the region including PSR J1826−1256 reveals an elongated non-thermal X-ray emitting nebula with the pulsar located in the northern border and a tail towards the peak of the very high energy source. The spectrum is characterized by a power law with a photon index going from 1.6 around the pulsar to 2.7 in the borders of the nebula, a behaviour consistent with synchrotron cooling of electrons. From our X-ray analysis we propose that HESS J1826−130 is likely produced by the PWN powered by PSR J1826−1256 via the inverse Compton mechanism.
No histology for diminutive duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: Is it safe?
Authors: Walter Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor the management of diminutive duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (d-NETs), Harshit et al. have proposed – in the work accompanying this editorial – an interesting approach, the endoscopic banding without resection (BWR) technique. Given the risks associated with classic endoscopic resections and surgical procedures, and the likely favorable natural history of diminutive d-NETs, BWR may be an option for these selected patients with a very low risk of LN + and recurrence. However, a close follow-up (endoscopic, EUS and thoraco-abdominal CT scan) is then required to guarantee the safety of this policy.