bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Verbal-Kinesic Enactment of Contrast in North American English
Authors: Hinnell Jennifer ,   Semiotic Society of America
Published: August 2019

In this paper, I explore the linguistic and kinesic expression of contrast—the pitting of one position, object, or idea, against another. The archetype utterance for the embodied expression of contrast in English is the bipartite construction On the one hand . . . . On the other hand . . . . in which hand gestures are often performed sequentially along the sagittal axis (first on one side and then on the other side of the body) to depict the two options. However, English speakers have a variety of other linguistic means available to them for expressing contrast. Using data from naturally occurring discourse, I describe a range of linguistic resources that mark contrast and examine the semiotic relationships at play in the dynamic, multimodal signs (i.e. speech / gesture constructions) that accompany them. I demonstrate that, far from being ad hoc, when analyzed across the propositional, cognitive, and discursive domains, the way in which contrast is marked in the body can be viewed on a continuum of highly imageable to more schematically iconic kinesic movements. By placing the primary focus on the multimodal sign, this paper makes clear how speakers of North American English build semiotic environments around the construal of contrast.
Interiority: At the Threshold
Authors: Atmodiwirjo Paramita , Yatmo Yandi Andri 
Published: August 2019

Being at the threshold offers an ambiguous spatial experience. The idea of threshold is relevant to the discourse of interiority, as it expands our understanding of the opposing condition of inside-outside, or interior-exterior, which have become the recurring themes in many discussions on interiority. This issue of Interiority attempts to address what actually occurs at the threshold – the occupation and the experience of the threshold. The contributors in this issue address the emergence of spatial ideas that define the new relationship between inside and outside, between interior and architecture.
Bathymetric Survey and Topography Changes Investigation of Part of Badagry Creek and Yewa River, Lagos State, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Temitope Badejo, Olusegun , Kehinde Adewuyi, Gbola 
Published: August 2019

Bathymetry survey of Part of Badagry Creek and Yewa River was conducted with the aim of investigating the topography changes in depth between two epoch dataset by calculating the volume of sediment and dredged material between the two periods. Depth sounding at 100m interval, data grid of 100 m interval, constant vessel speed of 2.2 m/secs (8Km/hr) for data capture, data storage at interval of 30 Secs was ensured at both the creek and the river. Seabed topography changes of Part of Badagry Creek and Yewa River was investigated. The two dataset investigated was the data acquired in September 2008 and November 2015. Data acquisition was done using digital echo sounder SDE28, Handheld Real time Kinematic (RTK) Global Positioning System (GPS) in acquiring the spatial coordinates (x, y) and water depth (z). Six (6) wrecks (Shipping Boat) were determined along both the creek and the river. The initial processing was carried out with the use of HYPACK 2008 software for data sorting. ArcGIS 10.2.1 was used for data analysis as well as graphics design. The processed depths were presented in form of tables, map/plan and charts. The result showed that In 2008, the depth observed ranges from (-0.5 to 10.4) m while in 2015, the depth observed ranges from (-0.32 to 10.85) m which implies that some area have been cut. Also, the results of the volume of deposited sediments and dredged material are computed as 10.55 x 106 m3 and 7.24 x 106 m3. It showed from the result that volume of accreted sediment is greater than volume of the material dredged. Increase in volume of sediment deposited could be as a result of the adjoining river Yewa flowing into the larger river (tributaries) of the Badagry Creek. Therefore, further studies need to carry out in order to know the source of accreted mass through integrated coastal management plan.
Assessment of Effective Operational Parameters on Removal of Amoxicillin from Synthetic Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation Process
Authors: Balarak Davoud , Chandrika Kethineni , Attaolahi Marzieh 
Published: August 2019

In this study, efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) process with aluminum electrodes for treatment of Amoxicillin (AMO) from synthetic solution has been studied and concluded. This experiment was conducted in a batch system with a volume of 1 L that had been equipped with four aluminum electrodes. The effect of operating parameters, such as voltage, time of reaction, initial AMO concentration, KCl concentration and pH on the AMO removal efficiency was investigated. In optimum condition (pH 7, voltage 60 V, electrolysis time 75 min, KCl concentration 3 g/L), electrocoagulation method was able to remove 98.8% of AMO antibiotics from synthetic solution. In addition, it is found that an increase in the applied voltage the speed of the treatment significantly. However, simultaneous increase of electrode and energy consumption was observed. The method was found to be highly efficient and relatively fast compared to conventional existing techniques and also, it can be concluded that the electrocoagulation process has the potential to be utilized for the cost-effective removal of AMO from water and wastewater.
Biochemical and structural characterization of tyrosine aminotransferase suggests broad substrate specificity and a two‐state folding mechanism in Leishmania donovani
Authors: Sasidharan Santanu , Saudagar Prakash 
Published: August 2019

Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) is an aminotransferase with broad substrate specificity that catalyzes the transamination of aromatic amino acids in Leishmania donovani and plays a crucial role in the survival and pathogenicity of the parasite. In this study, we have biochemically characterized tyrosine aminotransferase from Leishmania donovani using in vitro and in silico techniques. Leishmania donovani tyrosine aminotransferase (LdTAT) was cloned into the pET28a(+) vector and expressed in the BL21 strain of Escherichia coli. The Ni‐NTA‐purified protein was then characterized biochemically, and its various kinetic parameters were investigated. The apparent Km value for the tyrosine–pyruvate pair was determined to be 3.5 ± 0.9 mm, and Vmax was analyzed to be at 11.7 ± 1.5 μm·min.μg−1. LdTAT was found to exhibit maximum activity at 50 °C and at a pH of 8.0. Cofactor identification for LdTAT showed that pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate (PLP) binds with a Km value of 23.59 ± 3.99 μm and that the phosphate group is vital for the activity of the enzyme. Sequence analysis revealed that S151, Y256, K286, and P291 are conserved residues and form hydrogen bonds with PLP. Urea‐based denaturation studies revealed a biphasic folding mechanism involving N→X→D states. Molecular dynamic simulations of modeled LdTAT at various conditions were performed to understand enzyme behavior and interactions at the molecular level. The biochemical and structural divergence between host and parasite TAT suggests the LdTAT has evolved to utilize pyruvate rather than α‐ketoglutarate as co‐substrate. Furthermore, our data suggest that LdTAT may be a potential drug target due to its divergence in structure and substrate specificity from the host.
Environmental and genetic risk factors for MS: an integrated review
Authors: Waubant Emmanuelle , Lucas Robyn , Mowry Ellen , Graves Jennifer , Olsson Tomas , Alfredsson Lars , Langer‐Gould Annette 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent findings have provided a molecular basis for the combined contributions of multifaceted risk factors for the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS appears to start as a chronic dysregulation of immune homeostasis resulting from complex interactions between genetic predispositions, infectious exposures, and factors that lead to pro‐inflammatory states, including smoking, obesity, and low sun exposure. This is supported by the discovery of gene–environment (GxE) interactions and epigenetic alterations triggered by environmental exposures in individuals with particular genetic make‐ups. It is notable that several of these pro‐inflammatory factors have not emerged as strong prognostic indicators. Biological processes at play during the relapsing phase of the disease may result from initial inflammatory‐mediated injury, while risk factors for the later phase of MS, which is weighted toward neurodegeneration, are not yet well defined. This integrated review of current evidence guides recommendations for clinical practice and highlights research gaps.
The power of technology: Examining the effects of digital visual evidence on jurors' processing of trial information
Authors: Rempel Emma , Hamovitch Leah , Zannella Lesley , Burke Tara M. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryWith the emergence of “electronic courtrooms” in North America, lawyers are increasingly using PowerPoint® to assist with their presentation of case evidence. The current study examined whether evidence complexity and presentation modality influenced participants' comprehension of case evidence and verdict decisions. Participants read a trial transcript from a criminal case that contained DNA evidence, which varied by complexity (simple or complex) and presentation modality (written or PowerPoint®). Participants completed comprehension questions to assess their understanding of the case evidence and rendered a verdict. Results demonstrated that neither the complexity nor the modality of the presented evidence influenced participants' comprehension of the evidence; however, participants who viewed evidence within a PowerPoint® were significantly more likely to render guilty verdicts than those who viewed written evidence. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings and propose suggestions for future research on the use of digital technology in the courtroom.
A primitive model for stochastic regular‐impulse population control and its application to ecological problems
Authors: Yoshioka Hidekazu , Yaegashi Yuta , Yoshioka Yumi , Hamagami Kunihiko , Fujihara Masayuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA primitive mathematical model for population control in natural environment is formulated under a unified regular‐impulse stochastic control formalism. This kind of mathematical models, although they are candidates of the models of population control, seem not to be well studied. In this paper, the impulse control uses deteriorating items and is scheduled only at predetermined times as in many management problems. Finding the optimal control reduces to solving a system of recursive Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equations. Mathematical analysis on the system provides a viscosity characterization of its solution. The model is applied to management problems of the predatory bird and harmful benthic alga, both of which are concerns in recent inland fisheries. We show that the optimal regular controls for the two problems have qualitatively different behavior with each other, which is due to different interactions between the regular and the impulse controls.
Novel Photoinduced Recovery of OFET Memories Based on Ambipolar Polymer Electret for Photorecorder Application
Authors: Chen Chia‐Hui , Wang Yang , Tatsumi Hiroki , Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Chang Shu‐Wei , Chiu Yu‐Cheng , Liou Guey‐Sheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new design concept for novel photoresponsive flash organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) memory is demonstrated by employing the carbazoledioxazine polymer (Poly CD) as an electret. Photoactive electrets that can absorb the light effectively rather than photoactive semiconductors are proposed by the “photoinduced recovery” mechanism in the literature; however, the correlation between the chemical structure and photoresponsive electrical performances is ambiguous. In this study, it is reported for the first time that the OFET memory with trapped charges can be optically recovered by a polymer electret and the working mechanism can be explained by the structural design. The highly planar Poly CD electret exhibits photoluminescence quenching in film states, resulting in the generation of sufficient excitons to eliminate trapped charges under light excitation. Additionally, the Poly CD electret with coplanar donor–acceptor moieties is suitable for both p‐channel and n‐channel semiconductors. For p‐type memory devices, a large memory window (82 V) and stable nonvolatile retention performance with high ON/OFF ratio could be obtained. The memories also display good switching reliability for voltage‐programming and light‐erasing cycles. This study provides useful information for the development of polymer‐based photoresponsive flash OFET memories and demonstrates the practical applications of photorecorder and photosensitive smart tag.
Stimuli‐Responsive Hybridized Nanostructures
Authors: Guan Guijian , Wu Mingda , Han Ming‐Yong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThrough innovative nanosynthesis techniques and advanced surface‐passivation methods, diversified luminescent nanocrystals, like quantum dots, metal nanoclusters, carbon dots, and upconversion nanoparticles, are produced successfully to exhibit greatly improved performance in various applications, due to their color tunability and resistance to photobleaching. Their further hybridization with stimuli‐responsive polymers endows the resultant nanohybrids with unique smart functions, which can reversibly respond to external stimuli or environmental changes via alternation in luminescence. Due to their multifunctional properties, these responsive luminescent nanohybrids are attracting more and more interest in foundation research and promising applications recently. Here, important developments and achievements made in this emerging field are summarized to highlight the integration concepts and fabrication methods for luminescent nanohybrids, and their special responsive functions to temperature, pH, fields, and analytes. At the same time, their smart applications are also overviewed for demonstrating novel actions of responsive nanohybrids via various intelligent operations. The aim is to understand and accelerate more advanced developments in creating varied and intelligent nanosystems, and provide perspectives to promote a further revolution of smart materials and technology.
Black Titania with Nanoscale Helicity
Authors: Nguyen Thanh‐Dinh , Li Jessica , Lizundia Erlantz , Niederberger Markus , Hamad Wadood Y. , MacLachlan Mark J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe fabrication of mesoporous black titanium dioxide (TiO2−x
) with a chiral nematic organization of core–shell nanorods is reported. Chiral templating of TiO2 nanoparticles onto gelatin‐functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) followed by calcination yields carbonized TiO2/CNC helical materials that recover white TiO2 replicas after carbon removal. The hydrothermal surface reduction of the traditional white TiO2 by ascorbic acid affords freestanding chiral nematic black TiO2−x. The black TiO2−x is a visible light active semiconducting mesoporous structure constructed by chiral nematic crystalline–amorphous TiO2 core–shell nanorods. The chiral black TiO2−x nanoparticles supported on mesoporous nanocarbon networks are evaluated as lithium‐ion battery anode electrodes. Beyond the current efforts, these black TiO2−x materials and their composites may be useful in the fields of energy storage and catalysis.
Highly Efficient and Recyclable Carbon‐Nanofiber‐Based Aerogels for Ionic Liquid–Water Separation and Ionic Liquid Dehydration in Flow‐Through Conditions
Authors: Guan Li Zhi , Gutiérrez María C. , Roldán‐Ruiz María J. , Jiménez Ricardo , Ferrer M. Luisa , del Monte Francisco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are being widely used in many diverse areas of social interest, including catalysis, electrochemistry, etc. However, issues related to hygroscopicity of many ILs and the toxic and/or nonbiodegradable features of some of them limit their practical use. Developing materials capable of IL recovery from aqueous media and dehydration, thus allowing their recycling and subsequent reutilization, in a single and efficient process still poses a major challenge. Herein, electrically conductive aerogels composed of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with remarkable superhydrophobic features are prepared. CNF‐based 3D aerogels are prepared through a cryogenic process, so called ice‐segregation‐induced self‐assembly (ISISA) consisting of the unidirectional immersion of an aqueous chitosan (CHI) solution also containing CNFs in suspension into a liquid nitrogen bath, and subsequent freeze‐drying. The CNF‐based 3D aerogels prove effective for absorption of ILs from aqueous biphasic systems and recovery with quite low water contents just through a single process of filtration. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of CNF‐based 3D aerogels is particularly interesting to treat highly viscous ILs because the Joule effect allows not only shortening of the absorption process but also enhancement of the flux rate when operating in flow‐through conditions.
Terahertz Beam Steering Technologies: From Phased Arrays to Field‐Programmable Metasurfaces
Authors: Fu Xiaojian , Yang Fei , Liu Chenxi , Wu Xiaojun , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn past decades, terahertz radiation, which locates between microwave and far‐infrared light in the electromagnetic spectrum, has attracted more and more attention. Various passive and active components such as absorbers, filters, polarizers, and focusing lenses have been developed for manipulating terahertz radiation. With the further evolution of metamaterials and metasurfaces, unprecedented freedom is gained for flexibly controlling terahertz waves, including focusing, deflection, beam steering, polarization conversion, and generation of orbit angular momentum. Among them, terahertz beam steering has become the focus of considerable interest owing to its significance for wireless communication, high‐resolution imaging, and radar applications. In this paper, first the conventional terahertz beam steering technologies are reviewed, including mechanical scanning, phased array, frequency scanning antennas, and multibeam switching technology. Then, the reconfigurable metasurface routes based on semiconductor active components, phase transition materials, electrically tunable materials, and micro‐electromechanical technology are summarized and the respective performances for terahertz beam steering are discussed. Moreover, programmable metasurfaces with digitalized description of metasurfaces and real‐time manipulations of radiation patterns are also illustrated in detail. Finally, a summary of the present terahertz beam steering technologies is provided and an outlook for the future is discussed.
Ultrawideband Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering in Hybrid Graphene Fragmented‐Gold Substrates via Cold‐Etching
Authors: Wu Tingting , Li Kaiwei , Zhang Nan , Xia Juan , Zeng Qingsheng , Wen Xinglin , Dinish Unnimadhavakurup S. , Olivo Malini , Shen Zexiang , Liu Zheng , Xiong Qihua , Luo Yu , Maier Stefan A. , Wei Lei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConventional surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates are well known for their supreme electromagnetic enhancements and ultrahigh sensitivity in detecting molecules at low concentrations. However, large‐area quasi‐uniform SERS substrates are difficult to achieve by standard top‐down nanofabrication techniques, resulting in fluctuant SERS responses and unwanted fluorescence interferences, which severely limit their performances in practical applications. To tackle these challenges, a large‐scale quasi‐uniform hybrid graphene fragmented‐gold substrate with stable and reproducible SERS readouts as well as large enhancement factors over an ultrawideband spectrum is developed. The hybrid substrate is fabricated via cold‐etching through a controllable break up of a thin gold film followed by a graphene transfer. The stimulated localized surface plasmons interact strongly with the graphene layer, leading to spectrally and spatially modified graphene‐mediated surface enhanced Raman scattering (GSERS) responses. The perfect monolayer graphene of the GSERS substrate prevents adsorbates from the atmosphere and direct contact between bonded molecules and gold, thus reducing the catalytic activity of gold and producing clean, stable, and reproducible molecular Raman signals. The easy‐fabricated hybrid GSERS substrate not only provides a powerful platform to collect robust molecular Raman spectra but also shows great potentials for future mass production of high‐performance nanophotonic devices.
Making Sense of Complex Carbon and Metal/Carbon Systems by Secondary Electron Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Abrams Kerry J. , Dapor Maurizio , Stehling Nicola , Azzolini Martina , Kyle Stephan J. , Schäfer Jan , Quade Antje , Mika Filip , Kratky Stanislav , Pokorna Zuzana , Konvalina Ivo , Mehta Danielle , Black Kate , Rodenburg Cornelia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCarbon and carbon/metal systems with a multitude of functionalities are ubiquitous in new technologies but understanding on the nanoscale remains elusive due to their affinity for interaction with their environment and limitations in available characterization techniques. This paper introduces a spectroscopic technique and demonstrates its capacity to reveal chemical variations of carbon. The effectiveness of this approach is validated experimentally through spatially averaging spectroscopic techniques and using Monte Carlo modeling. Characteristic spectra shapes and peak positions for varying contributions of sp2‐like or sp3‐like bond types and amorphous hydrogenated carbon are reported under circumstances which might be observed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces as a result of air or electron beam exposure. The spectral features identified above are then used to identify the different forms of carbon present within the metallic films deposited from reactive organometallic inks. While spectra for metals is obtained in dedicated surface science instrumentation, the complex relations between carbon and metal species is only revealed by secondary electron (SE) spectroscopy and SE hyperspectral imaging obtained in a state‐of‐the‐art scanning electron microscope (SEM). This work reveals the inhomogeneous incorporation of carbon on the nanoscale but also uncovers a link between local orientation of metallic components and carbon form.
Modulation of Electronic Mobility of a One‐Dimensional Coordination Polymeric Molecular Wire with Light
Authors: Saha Monochura , Chatterjee Sheelbhadra , Hossain Munshi Sahid , Ghude Arijeet , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMetal ions often influence the photoswitching efficiency of a photochromic system. This article reports a one‐dimensional polymer having cyclic azobenzenes coordinated to silver ions that are bridged by nitrates. The coordination polymer (CP‐2) displays a photoresponsive behavior. The switching ability in the polymer form was faster compared to the parent azobenzene ligand without the metal ions. Azobenzenes are reported to be poorly conducting. Here, although the azobenzene ligand does not show significant electronic mobility, the coordination polymer (CP‐2) displays a modest conductivity. The conductance in the cis form of the polymer is significantly higher compared to the trans form. Upon exposure to visible light, the cis form undergoes photoisomerization to the trans form with a drastic drop in the electronic mobility. The trans form can be reverted to the cis form thermally or by using UV light. Thus, this system offers a reversible control of the conductivity using light.