bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiling the Misfolded Proteome in Human Disease
Authors: Onwudiwe Vivian C. , Genereux Joseph C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChanges in protein homeostasis are broadly implicated in many disease states, including amyloidoses, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and normal aging. Although this relationship has been fruitful for identifying and developing therapeutic strategies, it is challenging to identify which proteins are misfolding. New technologies have recently emerged that enable proteome‐wide interrogation of protein conformation and stability. In this review, we describe these technologies, and how they have been used to identify proteins whose folding changes between disease states. We discuss some of the challenges in this emerging field, and the potential for misfolded protein profiling to provide insight into human disease.
Symmetry Breaking in Inorganic Nanostructures: Chirality vs. Optical Activity or Structural vs. Electronic Effects
Authors: Markovich Gil 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis essay presents the viewpoint of the author on the topic of chirality and optical activity in nanostructures. It particularly focuses on the interaction of chiral molecules with plasmonic and excitonic nanocrystals and on induction of circular dichroism in such achiral nanocrystals. It discusses recent developments in the shape symmetry breaking of achiral metal nanostructures using photochemical processes induced by asymmetric localized plasmonic hot spots excited through circularly polarized light illumination. Finally, it addresses symmetry breaking in intrinsically chiral inorganic nanocrystals using chiral ligands during their formation, leading to 100 % enantiomeric excess in the nanocrystals of TbPO4⋅H2O. These nanocrystals exhibit an interesting nucleation mechanism, which leads to very high chiral amplification (secondary nucleation).
SDR2Tr‐GAN: A Novel Medical Image Fusion Pipeline Based on GAN With SDR2 Module and Transformer Optimization Strategy
Authors: Cheng Ying , Fang Xianjin , Tang Zhiri , Yu Zekuan , Sun Linlin , Zhu Li 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn clinical practice, radiologists diagnose brain tumors with the help of different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and judge the type and grade of brain tumors. It is hard to realize the brain tumor computer‐aided diagnosis system only with a single MRI sequence. However, the existing multiple MRI sequence fusion methods have limitations in the enhancement of tumor details. To improve fusion details of multi‐modality MRI images, a novel conditional generative adversarial fusion network based on three discriminators and a Staggered Dense Residual2 (SDR2) module, named SDR2Tr‐GAN, was proposed in this paper. In the SDR2Tr‐GAN network pipeline, the generator consists of an encoder, decoder, and fusion strategy that can enhance the feature representation. SDR2 module is developed with Res2Net into the encoder to extract multi‐scale features. In addition, a Multi‐Head Spatial/Channel Attention Transformer, as a fusion strategy to strengthen the long‐range dependencies of global context information, is integrated into our pipeline. A Mask‐based constraint as a novel fusion optimization mechanism was designed, focusing on enhancing salient feature details. The Mask‐based constraint utilizes the segmentation mask obtained by the pre‐trained Unet and Ground Truth to optimize the training process. Meanwhile, MI and SSIM loss jointly improve the visual perception of images. Extensive experiments were conducted on the public BraTS2021 dataset. The visual and quantitative results demonstrate that the proposed method can simultaneously enhance both global image quality and local texture details in multi‐modality MRI images. Besides, our SDR2Tr‐GAN outperforms the other state‐of‐the‐art fusion methods regarding subjective and objective evaluation.
High resolution cathode ray tubes for the system designer
Authors: WURTZ JIM E. 
Published: November 2024

In this day when everybody is talking about solid state devices, it appears that there is one vacuum tube component which is not likely to be replaced for some time. This is the cathode ray tube. It is the prime transducer of information from the intangible electrical medium to human beings and is also widely used for film scanning and recording. The cathode ray tube today is fast, versatile, accurate, and is capable of demonstrating a resolving ability which challenges optical lenses.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the category of cathode ray tubes which are capable of resolving detail which is beyond that which the human eye can appreciate. This is the class of tubes used primarily for scanning of film or recording on photo sensitive materials.High resolution gun designs will not be discussed. The major purpose here will be to give the designer who is interested in high‐resolution cathode‐ray tube systems a guide for use in intelligent selection and practical operation of these tubes.
The Relationship Between Mercury Exposure and Membranous Nephropathy: Case Reports and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhong Jian‐Yuan , Mo Ya‐Qi , Teng Meng‐Jun , Peng Jian‐Chao , Nong Kang , Aschner Michael , Yang Dan‐Ling , Jiang Yue‐Ming 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) and the therapeutic efficacy of Sodium Dimercaptosulphonate (DMPS), as well as the relationship between mercury (Hg) exposure and MN, we investigated the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of six patients with MN and searched the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), PubMed, Web Of Science, and Embase databases for relevant studies on Hg exposure and MN published from the inception of the databases to April 2024. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and Stata 16.0. We found that (1) the clinical symptoms of MN patients were mainly characterized by proteinuria, edema, hypoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Comparative analysis before and after DMPS treatment showed a decrease in 24‐h urinary Hg, 24‐h urinary protein, and total cholesterol levels, as well as an increase in serum albumin levels (p < 0.05). (2) Two MN patients received DMPS for sole Hg detoxification treatment, whereas four patients received Hg detoxification combined with hormone therapy, and all patients showed significant improvement in symptoms after treatment. (3) Among the 564 articles, four met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that Hg exposure increased the incidence of MN by 5.74 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.57, 12.83). The clinical symptoms of MN patients are mostly manifested as proteinuria, edema, hypoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia. DMPS Hg detoxification treatment is effective for Hg‐induced MN. Hg exposure can increase the prevalence of MN, therefore making it necessary to take prudent measures to reduce the risk of Hg exposure.
Label‐Free Detection of Breast Phyllodes Tumors Based on Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Chen Xi , Jiang Junzhen , Hu Liwen , Su Xiaoli , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Xiong , Zhong Tao , Huang Jianping , Wu Shulian , Liu Lina , Chen Jianxin , Zheng Liqin , Wang Xingfu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPhyllodes tumors (PTs) are rare breast stroma neoplasms, and their accurate identification at various stages is essential for personalized patient treatment. In this study, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) with two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging was used for label‐free detection and differentiation of PTs and normal breast tissue. An automated image processing strategy was developed to quantify changes in collagen fiber morphology within the stroma and boundary of PTs, establishing optical diagnostic characteristics of PTs using MPM. The results demonstrated that MPM could be used for the detection of different stages of PTs, and the morphological alterations in collagen fibers could serve as critical indicators of PT malignancy, offering new insights for the diagnosis and grading of benign, borderline, and malignant PTs. It lays the groundwork for the future application of compact MPM for the rapid detection and diagnosis of PTs.
Accuracy of Point‐Of‐Care Cardiac Ultrasound Performed on Patients Admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Shock
Authors: Chico Suhasini , Connolly Sean , Hossain Jobayer , Levenbrown Yosef 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess agreement between a novice pediatric critical care fellow's interpretation of left and right ventricular (LV, RV) function using point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) compared with assessments by pediatric cardiologists and echocardiography.MethodsEchocardiographic clips (parasternal long axis, parasternal short axis, and apical four‐chamber) and measurements for LV and RV functions (E‐point septal separation, ejection fraction, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) were obtained by PICU fellow in patients 0–18 years old with shock. A pediatric cardiologist reviewed the POCUS images. Agreement between the interpretations by the intensivist, cardiologist, and comprehensive echocardiograms were analyzed using Cohen's kappa.ResultsThirty‐one patients were included: 22 had comprehensive echocardiograms. The PICU fellow detected LV dysfunction with 100% sensitivity and > 85% specificity compared with the cardiologist's interpretation and formal echocardiography. Substantial agreement (κ = 0.62) was noted between the intensivist and cardiologist for interpretation of LV function and RV size and pressure (κ = 0.72). The intensivist's assessments showed perfect agreement (κ = 1.0) with echocardiography for LV and RV function. POCUS images ranged from 100% adequate in the parasternal long axis, 90% in the parasternal short axis, and 43% in apical four‐chambered views.ConclusionsA novice PICU fellow could reliably use POCUS to assess the cardiac function in pediatric patients with shock.
Therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline in propionic acid‐induced autism symptoms in rat models: A behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological study
Authors: Erdoğan Mümin Alper , Tunç Kerem Can , Daştan Ali İmran , Tomruk Canberk , Uyanıkgil Yiğit , Erbaş Oytun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe role of propionic acid (PPA) in eliciting behaviors analogous to autism in rat models is a documented phenomenon. This study examines the therapeutic implications of pentoxifylline—an agent traditionally used for peripheral vascular diseases—on these autism‐like behaviors by modulating brain proteins and reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in a rat model.MethodsThis research involved 30 male Wistar albino rats, which were divided into three distinct groups: a baseline control set, a PPA‐treated cluster receiving a 250 mg/kg/day dose of PPA via intraperitoneal injection for a span of five days followed by saline orally, and a PPA group administered an oral dose of pentoxifylline at 300 mg/kg/day over 15 days. Subsequent to the treatment phase, euthanasia was carried out for the extraction of brain and blood samples, which were then analyzed for histopathological and biochemical markers.ResultsThe pentoxifylline‐treated subjects demonstrated a significant mitigation in the manifestation of autistic‐like behaviors, as assessed through a triad of social interaction tests. A noteworthy decline in TNF‐α levels was observed, alongside a significant rise in the concentration of adenosine triphosphate and nerve growth factor in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis underscored a reduction in oxidative stress and a significant preservation of neuronal cell types, specifically pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum (p < 0.001).ConclusionPentoxifylline treatment has been found to effectively reduce the behavioral symptoms associated with autism, as well as biochemical and histopathological disruptions induced by PPA in rat models, highlighting its potential as a neurotherapeutic agent.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thymol Carbon Nanodot Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles (ThCND‐AgNPs) and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative, Anti‐Invasive, and Apoptotic Effects on OVCAR‐3 Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Seçme Mücahit , İlhan Hasan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOvarian cancer belongs to the category of gynecological malignancies and unfortunately holds the distinction of being the most aggressive among them. It is ranked as the fifth highest cause of cancer‐related deaths in women worldwide. The utilization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) linked with natural herbal molecules in biomedical applications has been on the rise. Thymol carbon nanodot functionalized silver nanoparticles (ThCND‐AgNPs) were synthesized in an original manner and subjected to thorough characterization, including analysis of their size, morphology, and elemental composition. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the ThCND‐AgNPs on cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptotic gene expressions in OVCAR‐3 ovarian cancer cells. The effect of ThCND‐AgNPs on cell viability in OVCAR cells was determined in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner using the XTT method. The effect on the expression changes of apoptotic‐related genes was assessed through the Real‐time PCR method, while the anti‐invasive activity was measured using the matrigel invasion chamber assay. The ThCND‐AgNP molecule exhibited a dose‐ and time‐dependent reduction in cell proliferation in OVCAR‐3 cells. The IC50 values were determined to be 388.53 μg/mL at 24 h and 145.683 μg/mL at 48 h. Furthermore, the molecule was found to reduce cell invasion by 51.12% compared with the control group in OVCAR‐3 cells. In terms of apoptotic‐related genes, Bcl‐2 expression was downregulated, while BAX, CASPASE‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 expressions were unregulated. In conclusion, the obtained data reveal the potential antiproliferative, apoptotic, and anti‐invasive effects of our original ThCND‐AgNP molecule in ovarian cancer. While these results need further confirmation through more detailed experiments, they will provide insights for future studies.
A Narrative Review of the Putative Etiologic Role and Diagnostic Utility of the Cervicovaginal Microbiome in Human Papillomavirus‐Associated Cervical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Logel Margaret , Tope Parker , El‐Zein Mariam , Gonzalez Emmanuel , Franco Eduardo L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe cervicovaginal microbiome (CVM) may contribute to human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated cervical carcinogenesis. We summarized the literature on the CVM in cervical carcinogenesis by searching Medline, Web of Science, and Embase for articles that sequenced the CVM using metagenomics. Additionally, we identified studies assessing the diagnostic role of the CVM in cervical carcinogenesis by searching PubMed. We performed an environmental scan of Google and Google Scholar to review common CVM characterization techniques. Twenty‐eight records presented or summarized associations between the CVM and HPV acquisition, prevalence, persistence, clearance, and cervical lesions or cancer, while three studies identified bacterial taxa detecting high‐risk HPV prevalence or cervical lesions. The area under the curve ranged from 0.802 to 0.952. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and whole metagenome sequencing have sufficient resolution to study the CVM bacteriome. Bacterial communities may have important implications in cervical cancer; however, there is a need for methodological standardization for CVM characterization.
Temperature and Precipitation Extremes Over Borneo Island: An Integrated Climate Risk Assessment
Authors: Hamed Mohammed Magdy , Al‐Sakkaf Ali Salem , Rady Mohammed , Shahid Shamsuddin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGlobal warming has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of extreme events, which have catastrophic consequences for ecosystems and humans. Despite efforts to assess the impact of climate change on the potential risk of Borneo, most research has focused on partial regions, considering short timescales and a limited number of temperature and precipitation extremes indices to quantify the expected climate risks. This study employed a new method of climate risk assessment of Borneo based on the combined changes in various climate parameters. It estimated 23 climate indices at all grid points covering Borneo for three overlapping sub‐periods (1951–1980, 1961–1990, 1991–2020). The modified Mann‐Kendall test was employed to identify grid points exhibiting significant increasing or decreasing trends of each index for each sub‐period. Finally, significant trends of 23 indices were integrated to estimate the potential climate risk indicator (RI) based on the combined changes in various climate parameters for each grid point and sub‐period. Temperature indices showed a clear warming trend across Borneo Island, particularly in the eastern regions, with absolute temperature indices showing an increase of 0.5°C–2.5°C in 1991–2020 compared to the reference period (1951–1980). However, extreme cold temperatures have become less prevalent over the study period. There is a shift from light consecutive rainfall days towards more heavy and short‐duration rainfall events. Therefore, there are indications of intensifying rainfall events over the island's southern half, counterbalanced by drying trends in the northern regions, especially Brunei. The spatial distribution of RI revealed an overall 184% increase in climate risk on the island in recent years (1991–2020) compared to the reference period. The highest rise in RI was in the central east of the island, mostly due to significant increases in rainfall and temperature indices. The findings can inform adaptation initiatives to manage escalating heat and flood risks while guiding additional research to explain further the complex climatic changes occurring in this ecologically and socially vital region.
Targeting online sales through last‐mile delivery platform integration
Authors: Park Kevin H. , Pan Xiaodan , Dresner Martin E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe analyze channel integration between a last‐mile delivery platform and a general merchandise retailer in two distinct stages: (1) platform delivery access (PDA), where the retailer continues to offer standard delivery through its own website but directs customers to the platform's website for new same‐day delivery; and (2) integrated delivery access (IDA), where customers can continue to use same‐day delivery service at the delivery platform website but can purchase products in a single order with both same‐day and standard delivery options at the retailer's website. We perform a quasi‐experiment using consumer spending data from retailer, target, and delivery platform, Shipt. We find that PDA provides positive impacts to the delivery platform through increased sales. IDA, on the other hand, increases the retailer's online channel sales but does not impact the delivery platform's sales. Moreover, we find that the positive effects of PDA on the delivery platform's sales are stronger in markets where online grocery penetration is lower, indicating that the effects were likely driven by increased purchases for groceries. Finally, the positive effect of IDA on the retailer's online channel sales is stronger in markets where the retailer has a greater loyal customer base and online grocery penetration is lower.
Integrated Fertilizers for Sustainable Wheat Production to Improve Food Security—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ejigu Demisie , Pushpalatha Raji , Jayaprakash Sajithkumar K , Gangadharan Byju , Himanshu Sushil Kumar , Gopakumar Shivapratap 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWheat is a key cereal crop that is substantial to global food security. Fertilizers are crucial in wheat production and significantly impact the yield. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of inorganic, organic, and integrated fertilizers in terms of sustainable wheat production and economic and environmental benefits. For this review, we thoroughly examined 133 previous research findings. The results indicate that inorganic fertilizers play a vital role in improving wheat yield. However, continuous use of inorganic fertilizers pollutes the environment, affects beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and increases the emissions of greenhouse gases, consequently decreasing crop yield. Organic fertilizers enhance soil quality, which is critical for crop growth and development. However, a high concentration of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are emitted from organic fertilizers, but the CO2 emission rate is less than the sequestration rate. Integrated fertilizers trade off the drawbacks of both inorganic and organic fertilizers. Integrated fertilizers decrease nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions and carbon loss by 11%–24%, 13%–27%, and 18%, respectively, compared to the sole use of fertilizers. From the review analysis, the highest grain yield (4855 kg ha−1) and net benefit ($2836.66) are achieved by using a combination of 75% organic and 25% inorganic fertilizers at a rate of 120 kg N ha−1. Therefore, this combination is recommended for the users. Furthermore, a site‐specific approach research is needed on integrated fertilizers that simultaneously focus on economic and environmental profits. Also, there must be a policy that supports the farmers in teaching, training, and subsidizing them to adopt integrated fertilizers for sustainable wheat production and improving food security.
Effect of Deuteration on Raman Scattering in Single Crystals of Potassium Alum
Authors: Avakyants L. P. , Skrabatun A. V. , Pyatyshev A. Yu. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRaman spectra of KAl(SO4)2·12H2O and KAl(SO4)2·12D2O crystals in the range of 10–4000 cm−1 were experimentally obtained and studied. An increase in the number of sulfate ions, oriented by oxygen atoms towards the K+ ion, was detected upon deuteration of the sample. Low‐intensity Stokes components ν = 2485 cm−1 (ν = 1820 cm−1 for the deuterated crystal) were recorded, which indicates the formation of hydrogen bonds O–H•••SO42− (O–D•••SO42−), where the donors are water molecules of the [Al(H2O)6]3+ complex and the oxygen atoms of the sulfate ion act as acceptors. The decrease in the wavenumbers of internal vibrations of the sulfate ion during deuteration was explained by an increase in the strength of hydrogen bonds. The results obtained indicate the direct influence of deuteration on the degree of initial disordering of sulfate ions and on the stability of the crystal structure of potassium alum.