bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay of lncRNA H19/miR‐675 and lncRNA NEAT1/miR‐204 in breast cancer
Authors: Müller Volkmar , Oliveira‐Ferrer Leticia , Steinbach Bettina , Pantel Klaus , Schwarzenbach Heidi 
Published: February 2019

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are frequently precursor RNAs of microRNAs (miRNAs) or act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to interact with miRNAs. To better understand the shared impact of lncRNAs and miRNAs in the regulatory post‐transcriptional network, we focused here on the relationships between (a) lncRNA H19 and miR‐675, (b) NEAT1 and miR‐204, and (c) HOTAIR and miR‐331 in plasma of early breast cancer (BC) patients. We quantified each RNA in plasma samples of 63 BC patients and 10 healthy women by quantitative real‐time PCR. In cell culture experiments, the influence of these noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) on proliferation and apoptosis of BC cell line MCF‐7 was examined. Plasma levels of H19 (P = 0.030), NEAT1 (P = 0.030), and miR‐331 (P = 0.012) were deregulated in BC patients compared with healthy women. In both cohorts, the concentrations of H19 correlated with those of miR‐675 (P = 0.0001). Higher H19 (P = 0.001) along with lower miR‐675 (P = 0.007) levels and higher miR‐204 (P = 0.017) along with lower NEAT1 (P = 0.030) levels were detected in plasma of HER2‐positive patients compared with the other BC subgroups. Whereas the expression of HOTAIR was below the detection level, miR‐331 levels correlated with nodal status (P = 0.002) and recurrence (P = 0.012). In cell culture experiments, a competitive impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis by these ncRNAs was also documented. Our findings describe a relationship of the plasma levels of H19/miR‐675 and NEAT1/miR‐204 in the different BC subtypes; in addition, they reveal an interplay between these lncRNAs and miRNAs in the regulatory network in MCF‐7 cells, which should also be considered in the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic markers.
Mimicking Adhesion in Minimal Synthetic Cells
Authors: Bartelt Solveig M. , Chervyachkova Elizaveta , Ricken Julia , Wegner Seraphine V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCell adhesions to the extracellular matrix and to neighboring cells are fundamental to cell behavior and have also been implemented into minimal synthetic cells, which are assembled from molecular building blocks from the bottom‐up. Investigating adhesion in cell mimetic models with reduced complexity provides a better understanding of biochemical and biophysical concepts underlying the cell adhesion machinery. In return, implementing cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesions into minimal synthetic cells allows reconstructing cell functions associated with cell adhesions including cell motility, multicellular prototissues, fusion of vesicles, and the self‐sorting of different cell types. Cell adhesions have been mimicked using both the native cell receptors and reductionist mimetics providing a variety of specific, reversible, dynamic, and spatiotemporally controlled interactions. This review gives an overview of different minimal adhesion modules integrated into different minimal synthetic cells drawing inspiration from cell and colloidal science.
Fundamental Theory of Biodegradable Metals—Definition, Criteria, and Design
Authors: Liu Yang , Zheng Yufeng , Chen Xie‐Hui , Yang Jian‐An , Pan Haobo , Chen Dafu , Wang Luning , Zhang Jialiang , Zhu Donghui , Wu Shuilin , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Zeng Rong‐Chang , Han Yong , Guan Shaokang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUntil now there has been no fundamental theory applicable for biodegradable metals (BMs). First, this paper optimizes the definition of BMs given in 2014. Second, the dual criteria of biodegradability and biocompatibility are proposed for BMs, and all metallic elements in the periodic table with accessible data are screened on the basis of these criteria. Regarding biodegradability, electrode potential, reactivity series, galvanic series, Pilling–Bedworth ratio, and Pourbaix diagrams are all adopted as parameters to classify the degradable and nondegradable nature of a material, especially in a physiological environment. Considering the biocompatibility at different levels, cellular biocompatibility, tissue biocompatibility, and human/clinical related biocompatibility parameters are put forward to comprehensively evaluate the biosafety of BMs. Third, for the material design of BMs, mechanical properties, chemical properties, physical properties and biological properties should be considered and balanced to guarantee that the degradation behavior of BMs match well with a tissue regeneration/repair procedure as the function of time and spatial location. Besides the selected metallic elements, some nonmetallic elements are selected as suitable alloying elements for BMs. Finally, five classification/research directions for future BMs are proposed: biodegradable pure metals, crystalline alloys, bulk metallic glasses, high entropy alloys, and metal matrix composites.
Highly Efficient Mechanoelectrical Energy Conversion Based on the Near‐Tip Stress Field of an Antifracture Slit Observed in Scorpions
Authors: Wang Kejun , Zhang Junqiu , Song Honglie , Fang Yuqiang , Wang Xiaolong , Chen Daobing , Liu Linpeng , Niu Shichao , Yao Zhongwen , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the field of engineering, a crack, inducing enormous mechanical energy concentration at a tip, is considered a typical kind of defect. However, it is found that, to maximize the sensitivity of slit‐based mechanoreceptors, the near‐tip stress field of “risky” crack‐shaped slits is ingeniously used by scorpions to precisely detect the cyclic loads acting on walking legs without the crack nucleation from the flaw‐like tip. As a sophisticated biological mechanoelectrical transducing microsystem, the mechanoreceptor can effectively collect mechanical energy contained in the mechanical signal through antifracture slit allays and then convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy through mechanosensory neuron. The highly efficient mechanoelectrical energy conversion mechanism is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified in a bioinspired artificial mechanoreceptor. The results demonstrate the potential of basic “design” principles, underlying the slit‐dependent mechanoreceptor, for maximizing the electromechanical conversion efficiency of the industrial mechanoelectrical transducing microsystem such as nanogenerators, ultrasensitive mechanical sensors, self‐powered portable, and wearable electronics.
Self‐Healable Multifunctional Electronic Tattoos Based on Silk and Graphene
Authors: Wang Qi , Ling Shengjie , Liang Xiaoping , Wang Huimin , Lu Haojie , Zhang Yingying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectronic tattoos (E‐tattoos), which can be intimately mounted on human skin for noninvasive and high‐fidelity sensing, have attracted the attention of researchers in the field of wearable electronics. However, fabricating E‐tattoos that are capable of self‐healing and sensing multistimuli, similar to the inherent attributes of human skin, is still challenging. Herein, a healable and multifunctional E‐tattoo based on a graphene/silk fibroin/Ca2+ (Gr/SF/Ca2+) combination is reported. The highly flexible E‐tattoos are prepared through printing or writing using Gr/SF/Ca2+ suspension. The graphene flakes distributed in the matrix form an electrically conductive path that is responsive to environmental changes, such as strain, humidity, and temperature variations, endowing the E‐tattoo with high sensitivity to multistimuli. The performance of the E‐tattoo is investigated as a strain, humidity, and temperature sensor that shows high sensitivity, a fast response, and long‐term stability. The E‐tattoo is remarkably healed after damage by water because of the reformation of hydrogen and coordination bonds at the fractured interface. The healing efficiency is 100% in only 0.3 s. Finally, as proof of concept, its applications for monitoring of electrocardiograms, breathing, and temperature are shown. Based on its unique properties and superior performance, the Gr/SF/Ca2+ E‐tattoo may be a promising candidate material for epidermal electronics.
All‐Day Operating Quaternary Blend Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Nam Minwoo , Noh Hye Yeon , Cho Junhee , Park Yongkook , Shin Sang‐Chul , Kim Jung‐A , Kim Jehan , Lee Hyun Hwi , Shim Jae Won , Ko Doo‐Hyun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe unique properties of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) offer great promise in emerging applications such as wearable electronics or the Internet of Things. For their successful utilization, OPV operation should be designed for versatile irradiation circumstances in addition to solar light since they should be capable of providing electric power when there is no sunlight or when they operate indoors. Here, a quaternary OPV (Q‐OPV) as a semitransparent, colorful energy platform that operates efficiently under both solar and artificial light irradiation is demonstrated. The experimentally optimized Q‐OPV shows a broadened spectral response and improved charge transport process with suppressed recombination, thereby providing high output powers that are sufficient to autonomously operate low‐power electronic devices. In addition, the Q‐OPV benefits from improved morphological stability with a reduced driving force for grain growth by the increased entropy in the quaternary blend system. The important features of the Q‐OPV platform such as semitransparency, high tolerance to film thickness, and color codability, while pursuing the improved performance and thermal durability, further open new opportunities as an all‐day (24/7/365) power generator in broad practical applications.
Moving Frontiers in Transition Metal Catalysis: Synthesis, Characterization and Modeling
Authors: Sharapa Dmitry I. , Doronkin Dmitry E. , Studt Felix , Grunwaldt Jan‐Dierk , Behrens Silke 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNanosized transition metal particles are important materials in catalysis with a key role not only in academic research but also in many processes with industrial and societal relevance. Although small improvements in catalytic properties can lead to significant economic and environmental impacts, it is only now that knowledge‐based design of such materials is emerging, partly because the understanding of catalytic mechanisms on nanoparticle surfaces is increasingly improving. A knowledge‐based design requires bottom‐up synthesis of well‐defined model catalysts, an understanding of the catalytic nanomaterials “at work” (operando), and both a detailed understanding and a prediction by theoretical methods. This article reports on progress in colloidal synthesis of transition metal nanoparticles for preparation of model catalysts to close the materials gap between the discoveries of fundamental surface science and industrial application. The transition metal particles, however, often undergo extensive transformations when applied to the catalytic process and much progress has recently been achieved operando characterization techniques under relevant reaction conditions. They allow better understanding of size/structure–activity correlations in these systems. Moreover, the growth of computing power and the improvement of theoretical methods uncover mechanisms on nanoparticles and have recently predicted highly active particles for CO/CO2 hydrogenation or direct H2O2 synthesis.
Epitaxial Growth of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) Perovskite Quantum Dots via Surface Chemical Conversion of Cs2GeF6 Double Perovskites: A Novel Strategy for the Formation of Leadless Hybrid Perovskite Phosphors with Enhanced Stability
Authors: Wei Yi , Li Kai , Cheng Ziyong , Liu Manman , Xiao Hui , Dang Peipei , Liang Sisi , Wu Zhijian , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLead halide perovskites (LHPs) have received increased attention owing to their intriguing optoelectronic and photonic properties. However, the toxicity of lead and the lack of long‐term stability are potential obstacles for the application of LHPs. Herein, the epitaxial synthesis of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) by surface chemical conversion of Cs2GeF6 double perovskites with PbX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) is reported. The experimental results show that the surface of the Cs2GeF6 double perovskites is partially converted into CsPbX3 perovskite QDs and forms a CsPbX3/Cs2GeF6 hybrid structure. The theoretical calculations reveal that the CsPbBr3 conversion proceeds at the Cs2GeF6 edge through sequential growth of multiple PbBr6
4− layers. Through the conversion strategy, luminescent and color‐tunable CsPbX3 QDs can be obtained, and these products present high stability against decomposition due to anchoring effects. Moreover, by partially converting red emissive Cs2GeF6:Mn4+ to green emissive CsPbBr3, the CsPbBr3/Cs2GeF6:Mn4+ hybrid can be employed as a low‐lead hybrid perovskite phosphor on blue LED chips to produce white light. The leadless CsPbX3/Cs2GeF6 hybrid structure with stable photoluminescence opens new paths for the rational design of efficient emission phosphors and may stimulate the design of other functional CsPbX3/Cs‐containing hybrid structures.
Atomically Transition Metals on Self‐Supported Porous Carbon Flake Arrays as Binder‐Free Air Cathode for Wearable Zinc−Air Batteries
Authors: Ji Dongxiao , Fan Li , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie , Yu Deshuang , Song Junnan , Ramakrishna Seeram , Guo Shaojun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetal single‐atom materials with their high atom utilization efficiency and unique electronic structures usually show remarkable catalytic performances in many crucial chemical reactions. Herein, a facile and easily scalable “impregnation‐carbonization‐acidification” strategy for fabricating a class of single‐atom‐anchored (including cobalt and nickel single atoms) monolith as superior binder‐free electrocatalysts for developing high‐performance wearable Zn–air batteries is reported. The as‐prepared single atoms, supported by N‐doped carbon flake arrays grown on carbon nanofibers assembly (M SA@NCF/CNF), demonstrate the dual characteristics of excellent catalytic activity (reversible oxygen overpotential of 0.75 V) and high stability, owing to the greatly improved active sites' accessibility and optimized single‐sites/pore‐structures correlations. Furthermore, wearable Zn–air battery based on Co SA@NCF/CNF air electrode displays superior stability under deformation, satisfactory energy storage capacity, and good practicality to be utilized as an integrated battery system. Theoretical calculations reveal a mechanism for the promotion of the catalytic performances on single atomic sites by lowering the overall oxygen reduction/evolution reaction barriers comparing to metal cluster co‐existing configuration. These findings provide a facile strategy for constructing free‐standing single‐atom materials as well as the engineering of high‐performance binder‐free catalytic electrodes.
Insight into the Interfacial Elastic Contact in Stacking Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shao Yingying , Zhang Chunyang , Wang Shi , Yan Ying , Feng Yulin , Bian Jiming , Shi Yantao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStacking perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging cells with two detached electrodes during fabrication process, in which the crucial step is the intimate mechanical and electronic contact between the laminated parts. The interfacial elastic contact of stacking PSCs with four different p‐type organic semiconductors has been systematically studied. Studies confirm that poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is an elastic interface material with excellent performance. The convex–concave morphology of PEDOT:PSS surface and the interfacial elastic deformation make a contribution to a desirable conductive contact between two electrodes with sufficient contact area, thereby providing a highly reliable connection and efficient charge transport channel between the semi‐cells. Based on conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, planar‐structured stacking PSCs are fabricated exhibiting power conversion efficiency of 13.49% with 1.0 cm2 area. Connecting electrodes with excellent conductivity and elasticity are also proved to be essential to the flexible assembly and readily detachment.
Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Isocyanides and Simple Alkanes towards Amide Synthesis
Authors: Yuan Hongdong , Liu Zhiqiang , Shen Yushu , Zhao Hongbin , Li Chunju , Jia Xueshun , Li Jian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn iron‐catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction of isocyanide and readily available alkane has been disclosed. In the presence of a catalytic amount of FeCp2 (10 mol%), heating a mixture of alkane, isocyanide, and DTBP in DCE allows for the formation of an amide. This reaction tolerates many simple alkanes including cycloalkanes and chain alkanes. Furthermore, a series of aromatic isocyanides having different substituents on the aromatic ring are also proven to be effective reaction components. Unfortunately, the employment of aliphatic isocyanides fails to afford the desired products. The present strategy avoids tedious procedures and the employment of toxic starting materials, thus providing an environmentally benign and efficient protocol towards amide synthesis.magnified image
Application of the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Han Xiaoxin , Wang Kui , Zhang Guofeng , Gao Wei , Chen Jianbin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCompared with the well‐developed oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells, proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells and metal‐air batteries, the applications of ORR in electrochemical synthesis are less investigated. The electrogenerated superoxide ions O2−., products of ORR, can function as bases, nucleophiles, oxidants, reductants, electron transfer shuttles as well as free radicals. Herein, the advances in the electroorganic field involving oxygen reduction reactions are summarized in order to inspire innovations regarding the application of ORR for novel organic transformations.magnified image
Supramolecular Nanogel‐Based Universal Drug Carriers Formed by “Soft–Hard” Co‐Assembly: Accurate Cancer Diagnosis and Hypoxia‐Activated Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Chen Xiaokai , Wang Hong‐Yin , Jia Hao‐Ran , Wu Fu‐Gen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe development of multifunctional drug delivery systems (DDSs) capable of carrying various drugs for diverse disease treatments is highly desirable yet remains challenging. Taking advantage of the excellent properties of silicon‐containing nanodots (SiNDs), a self‐traceable nanogel‐based DDS formed by the co‐assembly of a “soft” copolymer and a “hard” fluorescent SiND is developed, which has tunable size/fluorescence, high encapsulation efficiencies (60–92%) for various small molecule drugs, and pH‐responsive drug release capability. As a proof of concept, 5‐aminolevulinic acid, a hydrophilic prodrug of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), and tirapazamine (TPZ), a water‐soluble hypoxia‐responsive drug, are successfully and stably encapsulated into the nanogels. The drug‐loaded green‐emissive nanogels achieve the selective biosynthesis of red‐fluorescent PpIX in tumors and can serve as a ratiometric probe for accurate cancer diagnosis. Moreover, the in situ synthesized PpIX can consume oxygen to produce toxic singlet oxygen in the tumor microenvironment under light irradiation, thus activating the hypoxia‐dependent cytotoxicity of TPZ. Thanks to the less PpIX production and the neutral/normoxic environment in normal tissues, the nanoagents elicit negligible toxicity to normal cells even under light irradiation. Overall, this work develops a novel strategy for constructing a series of smart nanogels as universal DDSs and realizes precision cancer theranostics.
Cowpea Mosaic Virus Promotes Anti‐Tumor Activity and Immune Memory in a Mouse Ovarian Tumor Model
Authors: Wang Chao , Fiering Steven N. , Steinmetz Nicole F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a promising platform nanotechnology with applications as a cancer therapeutic. To understand the therapeutic potential of CPMV in more detail, its antitumor mechanisms are investigated using a syngeneic immunocompetent murine orthotopic ovarian cancer model (ID8‐Defb29/Vegf‐A). CPMV treatment in situ promotes tumor regression and prevents tumor recurrence. Although CPMV does not kill tumor cells directly, it promotes an intra‐tumoral cytokine response which induces pre‐existing myeloid cells to break immunotolerance and initiate antitumor responses. The upregulation of interleukin‐6 and interferon‐γ as well as the downregulation of IL‐10 and transforming growth factor β are observed, associated with activation and repolarization of tumor‐associated macrophages and neutrophils to an anti‐tumor phenotype. Furthermore, the in situ administration of CPMV recruits dendritic cells and natural killer cells to the tumor site, and induces the expression of costimulatory molecules on CD11b– myeloid cells. By converting immunosuppressive myeloid cells into potent antigen‐presenting cells, in situ CPMV treatment significantly improves effector and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and promoted systemic tumor‐specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell activity. CPMV in situ immunotherapy induces significant tumor control in an aggressive ovarian tumor model by coordinating innate and adaptive immune responses involving neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells.
Thermal Fluctuations and Dynamic Modeling of a dAFM Cantilever
Authors: Pierro Elena , Bottiglione Francesco , Carbone Giuseppe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Brownian thermal noise which affects the cantilever dynamics of a dynamic atomic force microscope (dAFM) is discussed, both when it works in air and in presence of water. The relationship between the cantilever thermal fluctuations and its interactions with the surrounding liquid is investigated, and an analytical model to describe the interaction forces is presented. The novelty of this approach is that a very simple integral expression to describe fluid–cantilever interactions is found. More specifically, besides including fluid inertia and viscosity, an additional diffusivity term needs to be considered, whose crucial influence for the correct evaluation of the cantilever response to the thermal excitation is shown. The coefficients of the model are obtained by using numerical results for a 2D fluid flow around a vibrating rectangular cross section, so that the dynamics of a dAFM cantilever can be characterized when it also operates in tilted conditions. The analytical model is validated by comparison with numerical and experimental data previously presented in literature, and with experiments carried out by the authors. It is shown that the present model can provide an extremely accurate prediction of the beam response up and beyond the second resonant peak.
Label‐Free Multiphoton Endomicroscopy for Minimally Invasive In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Dilipkumar Ashwathama , Al‐Shemmary Alaa , Kreiß Lucas , Cvecek Kristian , Carlé Birgitta , Knieling Ferdinand , Gonzales Menezes Jean , Thoma Oana‐Maria , Schmidt Michael , Neurath Markus F. , Waldner Maximilian , Friedrich Oliver , Schürmann Sebastian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMultiphoton microscopy of cellular autofluorescence and second harmonic generation from collagen facilitates imaging of living cells and tissues without the need for additional fluorescent labels. Here, a compact multiphoton endomicroscope for label‐free in vivo imaging in small animals via side‐viewing needle objectives is presented. Minimal invasive imaging at cellular resolution is performed in colonoscopy of mice without surgical measures and without fluorescent dyes as a contrast agent. The colon mucosa is imaged repeatedly in the same animal in a mouse model of acute intestinal inflammation to study the process of inflammation at the tissue level within a time period of ten days, demonstrating the capabilities of label‐free endomicroscopy for longitudinal studies for the first time.