bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Monosodium Glutamate Differentially Affects Open-Field Behaviours, Behavioural Despair and Place Preference in Male and Female Mice
Authors: AY Onaolapo , OI Olawore , FO Yusuf , AM Adeyemo , IO Adewole , OJ Onaolapo 
Published: December 2018

Background:Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavour enhancer which induces behavioural changes in animals. However the influence of sex on the behavioural response to MSG has not been investigated.Objective:The sex-differential effects of MSG on open-field behaviours, anxiety-related behaviour, behavioural despair, place-preference, and plasma/brain glutamate levels in adult mice were assessed.Methods:Mice were assigned to three groups (1-3), based on the models used to assess behaviours. Animals in group 1 were for the elevated-plus maze and tail-suspension paradigms, group 2 for the open-field and forced-swim paradigms, while mice in group 3 were for observation in the conditioned place preference paradigm. Mice in all groups were further assigned into five subgroups (10 males and 10 females), and administered vehicle (distilled water at 10 ml/kg) or one of four doses of MSG (20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) daily for 6 weeks, following which they were exposed to the behavioural paradigms. At the end of the behavioural tests, the animals were sacrificed, and blood was taken for estimation of glutamate levels. The brains were also homogenised for estimation of glutamate levels.Results:MSG was associated with a reduction in locomotion in males and females (except at 160 mg/kg, male), an anxiolytic response in females, an anxiogenic response in males, and decreased behavioural despair in both sexes (females more responsive). Postconditioning MSG-associated place-preference was significantly higher in females. Plasma/ brain glutamate was not significantly different between sexes.Conclusion:Repeated MSG administration alters a range of behaviours in a sex-dependent manner in mice.
Research Progress on Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Composites
Authors: Zhao Guanghui , Zhong Jijia , Zhang Y.X. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites have many advantages such as
high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, low cost, short fabrication time and easy manufacturing.
Researches on the mechanical performance of the composites are mainly carried out by means
of experimental techniques and numerical calculation.

Objective:
The study aims to report the latest progress in the studies of mechanical properties of short
carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites.

Methods:
Based on recently published patents and journal papers, the experimental studies of short
carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites are reviewed and the effects of short carbon fibre on the
mechanical properties of the composites are discussed. Numerical studies using representative volume
element in simulating macroscopic mechanical properties of the short fibre reinforced composites are
also reviewed. Finally, future research of short carbon fibre reinforced epoxy composites is proposed.

Results:
Experimental techniques, experimental results and numerical simulating methods are
discussed.

Conclusion:
Mechanical properties of epoxy can be improved by adding short carbon fibres. Fiber surface
treatment and matrix modification are effective in enhancing interfacial adhesion between fiber
and matrix, and as a result, better mechanical performance is achieved. Compared to the studies on
equivalent mechanical properties of the composites, researches on the micro-mechanism of interaction
between fiber and matrix are still in infancy due to the complexity of both the internal structure and
reinforcing mechanism.
Recent Patents on Boiler Burners for Natural Gas
Authors: Yang Daolong , Li Jianping , Wang Yanxiang , Tian Chao , Zhang Chi 
Published: December 2018

Background:With the development of natural gas and shale gas worldwide, the consumption of gas will continue to increase in the future. Natural gas is flammable and explosive, and the exhaust gas produced during the combustion of natural gas in boiler burners is one of the main sources of NOx in the air.Objective:This paper introduces patents and researches of natural gas boiler burners to improve the safety of natural gas boiler burners and reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides.Methods:In summarizing the existing boiler burner for natural gas, this paper introduces three new patents of natural gas boiler burner: the low-nitrogen burner, the energy-saving leakage-detecting burner and the small boiler burner.Results:The low-nitrogen burner identifies the fixed control of gas flow, enhances the gas flow’s antiinterference ability, and achieves a relatively accurate ratio of the fuel-air flow. The energy-saving leakage-detecting burner enhances the natural gas and air flow stability and improves combustion efficiency and the safety and reliability by optimizing the ratio of natural gas to air. The small boiler burner improves the safety and reliability of the natural gas boiler burner, prolongs the service life of the igniter, and makes up for the shortcomings of high stability in the gas pressure.Conclusion:On the basis of ensuring the safety of the burner, the low-nitrogen transformation of the boiler burner is as energy-efficient as possible in order to maximize the advantages of natural gas resources.
Vibration Transmission and Isolation in the Cutting Process of Machine Tools
Authors: Zhang Keguo , Xu Xiaodong 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Machining is an important method for manufacturing parts. It is characterized
by high cutting speed with a considerable influence of high-frequency vibration. Various relevant papers
and patents have studied vibration transmission and isolation in the machining process.

Objective:

To investigate vibration transmission and isolation in the machining process, and simplify
the cutting process of a machine tool.

Methods:

Firstly single-layer and double-layer vibration isolation models are established, the substructure
matrix analysis method is adopted and the vibration power flow transmission characteristics of
double-layer vibration isolation system under complex excitation are analyzed. Secondly, the optimal
control strategy based on the minimum power flow inputted into the base is proposed. Then the control
effect of the active actuator under different installation modes is analysed and compared.

Results:

It has been proved that low-frequency coupling is characterized by the rigid mode of the
workpiece or the grinding wheel when cutting, whereas high-frequency coupling exhibits the dynamic
characteristics of the machine tool bed. A good vibration isolation effect can be achieved for three types
of installation modes in a double-layer vibration isolation system, and only the actuators installed between
the vibration source and the middle mass exhibit the best control effect.

Conclusion:

The vibration isolation model has been established and the optimal installation mode of
the actuator in the double-layer vibration isolation system has been found. And the paper provides a
reference for the study of vibration transmission, control of machine tools and the elimination of grinding
chatter.
Assessment of Temporary Community-Based Health Care Facilities During Arbaeenia Mass Gathering at Karbala, Iraq: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Lami Faris , Hameed Inam , Arbaji Ali 
Published: December 2018

Background
Arbaeenia mass gathering (MG) in Karbala, Iraq, is becoming one of the largest MGs in the world. The health care infrastructure in Iraq is inadequately prepared to serve the health needs of the millions of pilgrims.

Objective
This study aimed to describe the temporary health care facilities installed and run by the local community to provide health care services to Arbaeenia pilgrims in Karbala, Iraq.

Methods
A survey was conducted in all community-based health care facilities located along part of Najaf to Karbala road within Karbala governorate. A structured questionnaire was answered through an interview with the workers and direct observation. Data were collected on staff profile, type of services provided, use of basic infection control measures, medical equipment, drugs and supplies, and the most commonly encountered medical problems.

Results
The total number of health care facilities was 120, staffed by 659 workers. Only 18 (15.0%, 18/120) facilities were licensed, and 44.1% (53/120) of the workers were health professionals. The health care workers provided different services including dispensing drugs (370/1692, 21.87%), measuring blood pressure and blood sugar (350/1692, 20.69%), and caring for wounds and injuries (319/1692, 18.85%). Around 97% (116/120) health facilities provided services for musculoskeletal disorders and only 16.7% (20/120) provided services for injuries. The drugs available in the clinic were analgesics, drugs for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases, and antibiotics, with an availability range of 13.3% to 100.0%. Infection control practices for individual protection, environmental sanitation, and medical waste disposal were available in a range of 18.1% to 100.0%.

Conclusions
Community-based health care facilities experienced a profound shortage of trained human resources and medical supplies. They can significantly contribute to health services if they are adequately equipped and follow standardized operation procedures.
DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DI JAWA-BARAT
Authors: Raksanagara Ardini , Arisanti Nita , Rinawan Fedri 
Published: December 2018

Lingkungan merupakan determinan kesehatan yang dapat memengaruhi kesehatan masyarakat selain faktor perilaku, pelayanan kesehatan dan genetik serta kependudukan. Pada saat terjadi perubahan lingkungan termasuk perubahan iklim global yang menjadi isu sangat penting. Perubahan iklim tersebut dipicu oleh terjadinya pemanasan global (global warming) dan efek rumah kaca (greenhouse effect). Perubahan iklim yang terjadi dapat berupa peningkatan suhu, kelembaban, peningkatan curah hujan yang menjadi faktor risiko terhadap derajat kesehatan masyarakat karena timbulnya penyakit menular yang ditularkan melalui udara, air dan vektor. Penyakit Demam Berdarah merupakan penyakit menular yang ditularkan melalui perantara vektor nyamuk dan erat kaitannya dengan perubahan iklim. Tempat perindukan nyamuk ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian tempat (altitude), kemiringan lereng (slope) dan penggunaan lahan (land use), sedangkan unsur cuaca memengaruhi metabolisme, pertumbuhan, perkembangan dan populasi nyamuk tersebut. Curah hujan dengan penyinaran yang relatif panjang turut memengaruhi habitat perindukan nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengumpulkan informasi awal untuk mengukur keterkaitan perubahan iklim khususnya perubahan curah hujan dengan terjadinya demam berdarah di Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis kerentanan masalah kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh perubahan iklim ini (curah hujan) yang merupakan faktor determinan kesehatan yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian penyakit tular vektor (demam berdarah). Data yang didapat dianalisis berdasarkan teori derajat kesehatan masyarakat (Henrik L Blum) yang menyatakan bahwa lingkungan, dalam hal ini adalah perubahan suhu, curah hujan, kelembaban akan memengaruhi kejadian penyakit yang ditularkan oleh vektor seperti demam berdarah. Dari data awal yang dikumpulkan dapat dikatakan bahwa Curah hujan merupakan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian DBD, di mana curah hujan mempunyai nilai prediksi yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya demam berdarah. Walaupun demikian, terdapat perbedaan waktu (time lag) antara peningkatan curah hujan dan peningkatan kasus. Perubahan iklim berpengaruh terhadap kerentanan kesehatan, sehingga perubahan iklim ini harus dihadapi. Oleh karena itu, melindungi diri dari perubahan iklim dibagi atas upaya mitigasi (minimalisasi penyebab dan dampak) dan adaptasi (menanggulangi risiko kesehatan). Early warning system terhadap kejadian luar biasa DBD harus dilaksanakan di setiap daerah dengan memperhatikan kecenderungan perubahan faktor iklim. Selain itu diperlukan perbaikan lingkungan yang harus disertai dengan perubahan faktor lain seperti perilaku dan pelayanan kesehatan.Kata kunci: Curah Hujan, Demam Berdarah, Perubahan Iklim, Penyakit Tular, Vektor
Karakteristik Penderita Presbiakusis Di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan THT-KL RSUP DR. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Periode Januari 2012 - Desember 2014
Authors: Fatmawati Rikha , Dewi Yussy Afriani 
Published: December 2018

Presbiakusis adalah gangguan pendengaran sensorineural pada usia lanjut akibat proses degenerasi organ pendengaran yang terjadi secara perlahan dan simetris pada kedua sisi telinga. Di seluruh dunia diperkirakan sekitar 30-45% masyarakat di atas umur 65 tahun didiagnosis menderita presbiakusis terutama pria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik prebiakusis berdasarkan audiometri, usia, dan jenis kelamin. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah deskriptif retrospektif. Subyek penelitian adalah data rekam medis penderita presbiakusis yang dilakukan pemeriksaan audiometri selama periode Januari 2012–Desember 2014 di Klinik Gangguan Dengar dan Bicara Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan THT-KL FK UNPAD/RS Umum Pusat dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Didapatkan sebanyak 429 penderita presbiakusis terdiri dari 62,7% adalah laki-laki karena laki-laki umumnya sering terpapar bising ditempat kerja dibandingkan perempuan. Penderita presbiakusis terbanyak yaitu tipe neural 35,7%, pada tipe neural terjadi atrofi sel rambut pada kohlea yang dapat disebabkan oleh mikroangiopati pada kohlea. Berdasarkan usia, yang terbanyak yaitu usia >65 tahun sebanyak 60,4%, ini berhubungan dengan proses Reactiveoxygen Species (ROS) yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut. Penderita presbiakusis yang datang ke Klinik Gangguan Dengar dan Bicara Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan THT-KL RS Hasan Sadikin, Bandung yang terbanyak adalah usia >65 tahun dan tipe neural.Kata kunci : Gangguan pendengaran, Neural, Presbiakusis
Hubungan Aktifitas Fisik, Kepatuhan Mengkonsumsi Obat Anti Diabetik Dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pasien Diabetes Mellitus di Fasyankes Primer Klaten
Authors: Widodo Cahyono , Tamtomo Didik , Prabandari Ari Natalia 
Published: December 2018

Latar Belakang: Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan sekelompok penyakit metabolik berkarakteristik hiperglikemia karena adanya kelainan sekresi insulin. Selain kematian, DM juga menyebabkan kecacatan pasien. 30% pasien DM mengalami kebutaan akibat komplikasi retinopati dan 10% amputasi tungkai kaki, sehingga penatalaksanaan DM sangatlah penting. Keberhasilan pengelolaan DM dapat dicapai melalui kepatuhan mengkonsumsi obat anti diabetik dan aktifitas fisik. Tujuan menganalisis hubungan aktifitas fisik, kepatuhan mengkonsumsi obat anti diabetik, dengan kadar gula darah penderita DM tipe 2 rawat jalan di Fasyankes Primer Klaten. Metode Jenis penelitian adalah analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi adalah pasien DM yang berkunjung di Fasyankes Primer Klaten. Sampel 86 pasein, ditarik secara random sampling . Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data menggunakan uji Chi Square dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil Aktifitas fisik berkategori tinggi berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah (p = 0,021), kategori rendah dan sedang tidak berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah (p=0,061 ). Kepatuhan mengkonsumsi obat anti diabetik berkategori tinggi, berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah (p = 0,002 ), berkategori rendah dan sedang tidak berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah (p= 0,066). Secara simultan, kepatuhan mengkonsumsi obat anti diabetik dan aktifitas fisik berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah. Kesimpulan kepatuhan mengkonsumsi obat anti diabetik dan aktifitas fisik berhubungan dengan kadar gula darah (p=0.001).Kata kunci: Aktifitas fisik, Gula Darah, Kepatuhan
Deteksi Dini Pengalaman Kekerasan Pada Anak Di Tingkat Keluarga Di Kecamatan Jatinangor
Authors: Dewi Nurusofa Surti , Arisanti Nita , Rusmil Viramitha Kusnandi , Sekarwana Nanan , Dhamayanti Meita 
Published: December 2018

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 35 Tahun 2014, menyatakan setiap anak memiliki hak untuk mendapatkan perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi. Kejadian terbanyak kekerasan pada anak terjadi di tingkat keluarga. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan karakteristik kekerasan pada anak di tingkat keluarga di Kecamatan Jatinangor sebagai deteksi dini terhadap kekerasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan studi desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan rentang waktu pengambilan data September sampai November 2016 secara satu kali potong lintang pada siswa/i Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) aktif berusia 13-15 tahun di Kecamatan Jatinangor, Kab. Sumedang dengan sampel valid diambil sebanyak 98 orang. Ditinjau dengan kejadian terbanyak berdasarkan pengalaman kekerasan di rumah dan lingkungan yaitu pernah melihat orang dewasa di rumah meneriaki dan berteriak yang membuat takut (37.8%), serta berdasarkan jenis pengalaman disiplin dan mendapatkan tindak kekerasan yaitu memberi sesuatu istimewa atau uang (90.82%). Berdasarkan pengalaman pola asuh yaitu terluka/jatuh karena tidak ada orang dewasa yang mengawasi (27.6%), berdasarkan pengalaman kejadian menakutkan yaitu seseorang masuk ke rumah untuk mencuri sesuatu (16.34%), dan berdasarkan pengalaman kekerasan seksual yaitu menyuruh melihat organ vital/pribadinya atau sebaliknya (8.2%). Sebagian besar anak pernah mengalami kekerasan di rumah dan sekitarnya.Kata Kunci: kekerasan pada anak, keluarga, pengalaman
Analisis Sensorik Dengan Model Rasch Dan Standarisasi Nilai Gizi Makanan Selingan Berbasis Pangan Lokal
Authors: Dedeh Dedeh , Diah Dewi Marhaeni , Rakhmilla Lulu Eva 
Published: December 2018

Makanan selingan merupakan bagian dari pemberian makanan selama dirawat. Makanan berfungsi untuk menunjang perbaikan kondisi kesehatan pasien sehingga dibutuhkan variasi supaya tidak membosankan, dapat mengurangi terjadinya sisa makanan dan dapat meningkatkan asupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya terima makanan selingan berbasis pangan lokal dan menyusun standar nilai gizi makanan selingan yang dihasilkan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dengan subyek penelitian adalah 17 orang ahli gizi dan 16 orang pasien gagal ginjal kronik yang diambil secara consecutive addmission di instalasi gizi dan di ruang rawat RSUP dr Hasan Sadikin pada bulan Januari 2016. Data kuantitatif hasil uji organoleptik/ sensorik dianalisis dengan Rasch Model dan standarisasi nilai gizi menggunakan software nutrisurvey. Hasil analisis Multi Facet Rasch Measurement menunjukkan dari 12 macam makanan selingan berbasis pangan lokal diperoleh 8 makanan selingan berbasis pangan lokal yang dapat diterima oleh ahli gizi maupun oleh pasien gagal ginjal kronik dari seluruh aspek yang dinilai yaitu rasa,warna/ penampilan, aroma,tekstur dan besar porsi. Hasil analisis uji t-independent menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna uji sensorik makanan selingan berbasis pangan lokal oleh ahli gizi dan oleh pasien gagal ginjal kronik (p=0,003). Nilai kalori makanan selingan ada pada kisaran 95 kkal sampai 125 kkal sehingga dapat digunakan untuk penyediaan snack di rumah sakit.Kata Kunci: evaluasi sensorik, pangan lokal, rasch model.
Investigation of Defect Effects on Adhesively Bonded Joint Strength Using Cohesive Zone Modeling
Authors: Majid Jamal-Omidi , Mohammad Reza Mohammadi Suki 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In this paper, effects of the defect in an adhesively bonded joint have been investigated using cohesive zone modeling. Consequently, a 3D finite element model of a single lap-joint is constructed and validated with experiments. Strength prediction of current model is found desirable. Accordingly, different sizes of square shape defects are imported to model in the form of changing (raised or degraded) material properties (heterogeneity) and locally delaminated areas (as inclusion/void), respectively. Joint strength is investigated and a stress analysis is carried out for adhesive layer and adherends. Obtained Results show that, defect has significant impact on the results. It is found that at constant size of defect, local delamination has more impact on bonded joint strength than the heterogeneity. Furthermore, stress analyses demonstrate that the stress field does not change in adherends by taking defects into account. However, stress values decrease with degraded material properties and joint’s strength. Through evaluation of peel and transverse shear stresses in adhesive layer it is found that there is a change of stress distribution for both types of defects. Whereas, there is a considerable stress concentration in the delaminated adhesive layer.
Analysis of Bolt Bending in Preloaded Bolted Joints
Authors: Welch Michael 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Classical analysis methods are applied to show how flexural deflections due to shear strain in the flange pack produce bending moments and tensile loads on bolts within preloaded bolted joints. It was found that in joints made with long bolts these loads can be significant. The loads can cause yielding of the bolt, reducing bolt preload. The methods presented are adequate to demonstrate the structural integrity of joints made with long bolts or with a small footprint.
Análise temporal das condições meteorológicas e concentração de Material Particulado (MP10) na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo - SP (Temporal analysis of the meteorological conditions and concentration of Particulate Matter (PM10) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo – SP)
Authors: Silva Madson Tavares , Santos Carlos Costa dos , Amorim Marcos Renato , Silva Bruce Nobrega , Azevedo Jullianna Vieira de , Margalho Eduardo da Silva 
Published: December 2018

Neste trabalho, a qualidade do ar na região de Interlagos e Ponte dos remédios é definida em termos da concentração do material particulado com diâmetro menor que 10µm (MP10). A concentração do MP10 no ar é resultado final de processos complexos, oriundos de vários fatores, que compreendem não só a emissão pelas fontes, bem como suas interações físicas (dispersão) e químicas (reações). A variabilidade da dispersão está diretamente ligada com a topografia e as condições meteorológicas. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a relação entre variáveis meteorológicas (VV, UR, T e P) e a concentração de MP10 nos meses extremos de 2014 (maior e menor concentração) utilizando o modelo de regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados mostraram que a concentração de MP10 está correlacionada com a VV e UR nas duas localidades em análise. Ademais, a maior parte dos dias desfavoráveis à dispersão do MP10 em 2014 ocorreu nos meses de junho e agosto. Meses do qual incidiram as maiores concentrações do MP10 nas duas localidades. A B S T R A C TIn this work, the air quality in the Interlagos and Ponte dos Remédios region is defined in terms of particulate matter concentration with a diameter smaller than 10μm (PM10). The PM10 concentration in the air is the final result of complex processes, which are due to several factors, that include not only the emission by the sources, but also their physical (dispersion) and chemical interactions (reactions). The variability of dispersion is directly connected to topography and weather conditions. In this context, the objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between meteorological variables (wind speed, relative humidity, temperature and precipitation.) and PM10 concentration in the extreme months of 2014 (highest and lowest concentrations) using the multiple linear regression model. The results showed that the MP10 concentration is correlated with the wind speed and relative humidity in the two localities under analysis. In addition, most of the unfavorable days to the PM10 dispersion in 2014 occurred in June and August. Months that focused the highest concentrations of PM10 in the two localities.Keywords: PM10, meteorological variables, multiple linear regression.