bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISA UNJUK KINERJA KONDISI MINYAK TRAFO DENGAN FUZZY LOGIC
Authors: Irawan Very 
Published: August 2019

Fenomena kegagalan (failure) pada transformator pada umumnya dibagi menajdi dua, yaitu kegagalan thermal dan kegagalan electrical. Arcing, partial discharge, dan overheating pada sistem isolasi adalah kegagalan yang kerap terjadi pada trafo daya. Hal ini diawali dengan dekomposisi bahan isolasi dan pembentukan kandungan gas yang berbeda. hidrogen (H2), metana (CH4), etana (C2H6), etilin (C2H4), asetilin (C2H2), karbon monoksida (CO) dan karbon dioksida (CO2) adalah gas-gas yang dapat terbentuk. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Total Dissolved Combustible Gas (TDCG), Key Gas dan Roger’s Ratio berbasis fuzzy MATLAB. Adapun rasio perbandingan gas yang dimasukan adalah gas asetilin (C2H2) dibagi etilin (C2H4), metana (CH4) dibagi hidrogen (H2), etilin (C2H4) dibagi etana (C2H6). Output pengujian yaitu parameter variabel prosentase maksimal operasi beban trafo yang diizinkan, waktu pengambilan sample minyak trafo selanjutnya, status kondisi trafo berdasar penilaian TDCG, status roger’s ratio, kondisi trafo berdasar thermal oil, discharge (korona) dan thermal cellulose. Untuk memastikan keakuratan program, maka hasil pengujian program MATLAB dibandingkan dengan hasil pengujian laboratorium Vendor.
The research determines appropriate parameters in the synthesis process of syringic acid grafted chitooligosaccharides
Authors: Bui Hoai Van , Ngo Nghiep Dai 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine appropriate parameters in the synthesis of syringic acid onto chitooligosaccharides (COSs) with an ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide redox pair in order to obtain the derivative with the highest grafting degree.
Methods: In this study, syringic acid grafted COSs, catalysed by an ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide redox pair were investigated. The synthesis conditions were investigated, including the mass ratio between syringic acid and COSs, pH, temperature and synthesis time. Characteristics of the derivative were evaluated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The activities of COSs and derivative were evaluated by antimicrobial ability.
Results: The results showed, that the best conditions for the synthesis were the mass ratio between syringic acid and COSs at 0.5:1, pH 5, temperature 27oC, for 6 hours with grafting degree at 32%. The TLC assay showed, that free ascorbic acid and syringic acid are not present in the product. The UV-vis and FT-IR data confirmed, that syringic acid was successfully conjugated onto COSs. Furthermore, the antibacterial assay showed that syringic acid grafted onto COSs had minimum inhibitory concentration against foodborne pathogenic bacteria at 1%.
Conclusion: The syringic acid onto chitooligosaccharides were successfully synthesized by free radical mediated grafting method with an ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide redox pair. The grafting degree of syringic acid onto COSs was greatly affected by many factors, including COSs, syringic acid, pH, as well as temperature and time of reaction. Moreover, the new derivative showed enhanced antibacterial capabilities, as compare to free COSs.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF VARICOCELE
Authors: Kantva Dr. Sanvar Mal , Kumar Dr. Mahendra 
Published: August 2019

Background: Varicocele, an abnormal dilatation and tortuosity of the pampiniform plexus of veins is found in about 15% of the general population with a marked left sided predominance. However this incidence rises to 35% in men with primary infertility and 70 to 80% in men with secondary infertility.
Methods: Hospital based prospective study conducted on 100 cases reporting to General surgery department within the study duration and eligible as per inclusion criteria was included in study.
Results: In our study out of Out of 100 patients maximum 42.00% patients were farmer followed by 22.00% patients were Coolies and Rickshaw Pullers, 17.00% patients were students, 10.00% were laborer and 9.00% were policemen.
Conclusion: It conclude that Varicocele epidemiology remains incompletely understood. We need well‑designed, large‑scale studies that include evaluation of important clinical factors to comprehend fully the epidemiological aspects of this condition.
ALTERED IRON METABOLISM IN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: MYTH OR REALITY
Authors: Soe Yan Naing , Mukherjee Bhasker , Batra H S , K Sibin M , Misra Pratibha , Bhatia Kapil 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism refers to thyroid hormone deficiency in patients who have no apparent clinical features. Both iron deficiency anemia and subclinical hypothyroidism, due to their high prevalence and close interrelation, are significant clinical problems.
Aims and Objectives: Association of subclinical hypothyroidism and disordered iron metabolism was studied so that better management of iron deficiency could be advised in these patients.
Materials and Methods: 150 newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroid patients and 150 healthy euthyroid controls were included. Total T3, total T4, TSH, iron, TIBC, transferrin and ferritin were measured. Data was analysed by student‘t’ test and Person’s formula.
Results: Mean total T3, total T4, iron, TIBC, transferrin and ferritin values of study group were lower than that of control group (p < 0.05). Mean TSH values of study group was higher than that of control group (p < 0.05). Total T4 and T3 were positively correlated with transferrin (p < 0.05). The patients of subclinical hypothyroidism had altered iron metabolism.
Conclusion: Decreased iron profile in subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly high. It was suggestive to regularly investigate iron profile for early detection and its early management in case of subclinical hypothyroidism.
Keywords: Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Serum Iron, TIBC, Ferritin, Transferrin
INDONESIA MOSLEM TRADITION AND NATIONALITY
Authors: Muhammad Wildan Lmaduddin 
Published: August 2019

Merayakan hari kemerdekaan merupakan salah satu simbol penghargaan warga negara terhadap Negaranya. Di beberapa wilayah negara termasuk Indonesia, perayaan tersebut rutin dilakukan oleh Pemerintah maupun oleh warga, dengan cara formal maupun informal. Secara formal pemerintah Indonesia dari tingkal daerah hingga pusat melaksanakan perayaan Kemerdekaan dengan upacara bendera pada tanggal 17 Agustus. Sedangkan dalam perayaan non-formal warga masyarakat melaksanakan peringatan Kemerdekaan dengan berbagai cara seperti lomba panjat pinang dan lain sebagainya. Salah satu bentuk peringatan yang ada di Indonesia untuk merayakan hari Kemerdekaan adalah dengan malam tirakatan atau malam pitulasan, khususnya di daerah Yogyakarta. Malam Tirakatan merupakan bentuk akulturasi dari tradisi Muslim di Indonesia. Artikel ini akan menjelaskan lebih lanjut tentang malam tirakatan sebagai sebuah akulturasi antara tradisi ritual keagamaan dengan rasa nasionalisme. Peneliti menggunakan metode triangulasi untuk mendapatkan data, yakni observasi partisipatoris. Wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Lokasi untuk penelitian ini difokuskan pada dua tempat yang berbeda. pertama di dusun Dukuh daerah kabupaten Bantul dan kedua di dusun Ngasemun salah satu dusun di kabupaten Kulon Progo. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Muslim Indonesia memegang teguh nilai tradisi. toleransi dan nasionalisme
Kata Kunci: perayaan, hari kemerdekaan, malam tirakatan, akulturasi.
Disease burden and associated factors of rotavirus infection in calves in south-eastern part of Bangladesh
Authors: Barua Shama Ranjan , Md Rakib Tofazzal , Rahman Mohammad Mahbubur , Selleck Sarina , Masuduzzaman Md , Siddiki AMAM Zonaed , Hossain Mohammad Alamgir , Chowdhury Sharmin 
Published: August 2019

Rotaviruses are considered as a major cause in the etiology of diarrhea in young calves worldwide and it causes calf morbidity, mortality and substantial economic losses in the dairy industry. This study reports the determination of the disease burden and first evaluation of associated risk factors of rotavirus infection in calves in Bangladesh. A cross sectional survey was carried out for the approximation of prevalence and associated risk factors of rotavirus infection in neonatal calves in South-eastern part of Bangladesh. From July 2015 to May 2016 a total of 411 calves under the age of 6 weeks from 210 dairy farms were selected using probability sampling scheme. Rotavirus infection was diagnosed from calf fecal samples using a commercial ELISA kit. Different farm and calf level factors were tested by mixed effect multivariable logistic regression models to differentiate factors significantly contributing to the high burden of rotavirus infection in calves in the study area. Overall prevalence of rotavirus in calf feces, irrespective of diarrheic and non-diarrheic, was estimated as 5.11%. Among the hypothesized risk factors, samples from winter season showed higher odds of having the infection compared to summer (OR=6.04). Likewise, higher odds ratios were observed in: >3 weeks of age group compared to ≤ 3 weeks (OR=2.87), taking of first colostrums after 30 minutes to 2 hours of birth in contrast to within 30 minutes (OR=13.92), and finally, calves from 3rd to 4th parity compared to 1st to 2nd parity (OR=6.79). Enteric diseases are a vital health problem in calves that interrupts production benefits with reduced weight gain and increased mortality rates and moreover it has potential to spread. Therefore, it is imperative to determine the disease burden and responsible risk factors to execute effective preventive measures among the population at higher risk.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 107-116
Stigmasterol, rengyolone, 2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside and n-tetradecyl-β-D-glucopyranoside from the flowers of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn
Authors: Haque MM , Sultana N , Abedin SMT , Kabir SE 
Published: August 2019

A phytochemical investigation was conducted on the flowers of Nyctanthesarbor-tristis Linn. For isolation of compounds, the dried flower’s powder was successively extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were fractionated using different chromatographic techniques and four compounds were isolated. Stigmasterol (1) from n-hexane, rengyolone (2) from dichloromethane and two other compounds namely, 2-phenylethyl β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and n-tetradecyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) from ethyl acetate extract, were isolated. These compounds (1-4) were characterized on the basis of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135 NMR. Compounds 1 and 3 were isolated for the first time from this plant while compound 4 has been isolated and completely characterized from this plant as well as from the natural sources.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(3), 275-282, 2019
Tıbbi Hipnozun Klinik Uygulamaları
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Ali Özden , ÖZTÜRK Gizemnur 
Published: August 2019

Yakın tarihteki modern tıp alanında gerçekleştirilen hipnoz uygulamalarının gelişim sürecine bakıldığında hipnozun yasal ve bilimsel otoritelerce kabulü ve bilinirliğinin, klinik alandaki başarılı tıbbi hipnoz uygulamaları ile paralel olarak ilerlediği söylenebilir. Tıbbi hipnozun klinik uygulamalarına dair güncel gelişmeler ise yasal otoritelerin düzenlemeleri ve hipnoz derneklerinin oluşturduğu standartlar doğrultusunda ilerlemektedir. Tıbbi hipnozun klinik uygulamalarına dair bu güncel ilerlemeler, hipnozun mekanizmasının daha iyi anlaşılması yolunda ışık tutmuştur. Hipnoza dair yapılan tanımlamalar ve tıbbi hipnozun klinik kullanım alanları da bu süreçle birlikte belirlenmiş ya da revize edilmiştir. Dünya ve Avrupa çapındaki tıbbi hipnozun klinik uygulamalarına dair bu gelişmelere uyumlu bir şekilde katılım ve katkıda bulunan Türkiye, günümüzde hipnozun tıbbi ve bilimsel alanlarda ve klinik uygulamalarda kullanımına dair güzel bir konuma gelmiştir. Bu konuma gelinmesinde kişisel çabalar ve hipnoz alanında faaliyet gösteren derneklerin çalışmalarının yanı sıra T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığının gerçekleştirmiş olduğu yasal düzenlemeler ve standartlar rol oynamıştır. Türkiye’de tıbbi hipnozun güncel klinik uygulamalarına “Bilinçli Hipnoz Farkındalığı (Awareness Under Conscious Hypnosis – AUCH©)’’ metodu ile gerçekleştirilen tıbbın çeşitli alanlarındaki birçok başarılı ameliyat örnek gösterilebilir. Bu ameliyatlar, sadece hipnoanestezi kullanılarak ve başka hiçbir farmakolojik anestezik, sedatif ya da aneljezik ajan kullanılmadan hasta tamamen bilinçli farkındalık hali içerisindeyken gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tıbbi hipnozun klinik uygulamaları, cerrahinin yanı sıra tıbbın birçok alanında başarılı ve etkin bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır.
Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi Produksi Bioetanol Terintegrasi dengan Budidaya Ubikayu Unggul dan Peternakan Kambing Perah
Authors: Rustiaty Banon 
Published: August 2019

Produksi bioetanol derajat bahan bakar dari ubikayu dihadapkan pada isu-isu kerakusan ubikayu terhadap unsur hara, ketidakekonomisan pada skala kecil, terutama pada tingkat harga ubikayu di atas Rp 400/kg dan kurang memberikan hasil yang memadai bagi petani dengan luas lahan terbatas (< 5 ha).
Untuk mengatasi isu-isu tersebut, diusulkan produksi bioetanol yang diintegrasikan dengan budidaya ubikayu produktifitas tinggi (mukibat, varietas-varietas Darul Hidayah, Cicurug dll) di atas lahan 100 ha dan peternakan kambing perah mulai dari 1.000 ekor, dengan pendekatan produksi secara daur-ulang.
Penyebab kenaikan hasil yang besar adalah budidaya kambing Peranakan Ettawa yang dapat meningkat jumlahnya 4-6 kali lipat dalam waktu 2 tahun (1 periode). Konsekuensi dari penambahan ini adalah peningkatan biaya produksi peternakan sebesar 22 % dalam bentuk penambahan pakan hijauan dari luar atau penambahan areal seluas 7,5 ha/1000 ekor kambing untuk menanam hijauan.
Diproyeksikan pelaksanaan program ini secara berkelanjutan akan memberikan efek ganda dalam jangka menengah, berupa:

Terbentuknya sentra-sentra bioetanol skala kecil yang terintegrasi dengan budidaya ubikayu dan peternakan kambing/sapi;
Berkembangnya industri-industri pakan ternak, pengolahan susu dan pengolahan lanjutan bioetanol teknis menjadi bioetanol grade bahan bakar;
Berkembangnya industri-industri pendukung.
Phase Curves from the Kuiper Belt: Photometric Properties of Distant Kuiper Belt Objects Observed by New Horizons
Authors: Verbiscer Anne J. , Porter Simon , Benecchi Susan D. , Kavelaars J. J. , Weaver Harold A. , Spencer John R. , Buie Marc W. , Tholen David , Buratti Bonnie J. , Helfenstein Paul , Parker Alex H. , Olkin Catherine B. , Parker Joel , Stern S. Alan , Young Leslie A. , Ennico-Smith Kimberly , Singer Kelsi N. , Cheng Andrew F. , Lisse Carey M. ,   The New Horizons Science Team
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Prior to its close encounter with the Kuiper Belt object (KBO) (486958) 2014 MU69 on 2019 January 1, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft observed other KBOs from distances greater than 0.1 au at solar phase angles far larger than those attainable from Earth. The expanded range in phase angle afforded by these distant KBO (DKBO) observations enables comparisons between their phase functions and those of other solar system objects. Here we present extended New Horizons phase angle coverage of plutino (15810) Arawn (1994 JR1) to 131°, resonant KBO 2012 HE85 to 64°, scattered disk KBO 2011 HK103 to 124°, hot classical (515977) 2012 HZ84 to 73°, and cold classical KBOs 2011 HJ103 and 2011 JY31 to 27° and 122°, respectively. In general, DKBO solar phase curves have slopes (i.e., phase coefficients) and shapes (with corresponding phase integrals q) similar to those of other dark, small solar system objects including comet nuclei, asteroids, and satellites. Until stellar occultations by these DKBOs provide information about their size, geometric albedos p (and Bond albedos A = pq) must be inferred from the median albedos measured by thermal radiometry for each dynamical class. Bond albedos for these DKBOs range from 0.01 to 0.04. Cold classical JY31 has a slightly lower slope and higher phase integral than the other DKBOs, and its slope and phase integral come closest to matching those of cold classical MU69, suggesting that cold classical KBOs share surface scattering characteristics that are distinct from those of other KBOs.
Hydrodynamic Shielding and the Survival of Cold Streams
Authors: Forbes John C. , Lin Douglas N. C. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cold clouds in hot media are quickly crushed, shredded, and then accelerated as a result of their interaction with the background gas. The persistence of cold clouds moving at substantial velocities in harsh environments is a common yet puzzling feature of many astrophysical systems, from quasar absorption lines probing galactic halos to clouds of dust passing near Sgr A
*. Here we run a set of idealized numerical experiments, subjecting a line of cold clouds at a series of mutual separations to a hot background wind. We find that this stream of clouds is able to shield itself from hydrodynamic destruction by accelerating the hot background material, creating a protective layer of co-moving gas. We write down a simple diffusion equation that reproduces the behavior of the simulations, and we discuss the implications for cosmological gas accretion and the putative galactic center dust cloud G2.
Spectral Energy Distributions of Companion Galaxies to z ∼ 6 Quasars
Authors: Mazzucchelli C. , Decarli R. , Farina E. P. , Bañados E. , Venemans B. P. , Strauss M. A. , Walter F. , Neeleman M. , Bertoldi F. , Fan X. , Riechers D. , Rix H.-W. , Wang R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Massive, quiescent galaxies are already observed at redshift z ∼ 4, i.e., ∼1.5 Gyr after the big bang. Current models predict them to be formed via massive, gas-rich mergers at z > 6. Recent ALMA observations of the cool gas and dust in z ≳ 6 quasars have discovered [C ii]- and far-infrared-bright galaxies adjacent to several quasars. In this work, we present sensitive imaging and spectroscopic follow-up observations, with HST/WFC3, Spitzer/IRAC, VLT/MUSE, Magellan/FIRE, and LBT/LUCI-MODS, of ALMA-detected, dust-rich companion galaxies of four quasars at z ≳ 6, specifically acquired to probe their stellar content and unobscured star formation rate. Three companion galaxies do not show significant emission in the observed optical/IR wavelength range. The photometric limits suggest that these galaxies are highly dust-enshrouded, with unobscured star formation rates SFRUV < few M
⊙ yr−1, and a stellar content of M
* < 1010
M
⊙ yr−1. However, the companion to PJ167−13 shows bright rest-frame UV emission (F140W AB = 25.48). Its spectral energy distribution resembles that of a star-forming galaxy with a total SFR ∼ 50 M
⊙ yr−1 and M
* ∼ 9 × 109
M
⊙. All the companion sources are consistent with residing on the galaxy main sequence at z ∼ 6. Additional, deeper data from future facilities, such as the James Webb Space Telescope, are needed in order to characterize these gas-rich sources in the first gigayear of cosmic history.
The Concentration and Growth of Solids in Fragmenting Circumstellar Disks
Authors: Baehr Hans , Klahr Hubert 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Due to the gas-rich environments of early circumstellar disks, the gravitational collapse of cool, dense regions of the disk form fragments largely composed of gas. During formation, disk fragments may attain increased metallicities as they interact with the surrounding disk material, whether through particle migration to pressure maxima or through mutual gravitational interaction. In this paper, we investigate the ability of fragments to collect and retain a significant solid component through gas-particle interactions in high-resolution 3D self-gravitating shearing-box simulations. The formation of axisymmetric perturbations associated with gravitational instabilities allows particles of intermediate sizes to concentrate through aerodynamic drag forces. By the onset of fragmentation, the masses of local particle concentrations within the fragment are comparable to that of the gas component and the subsequent gravitational collapse results in the formation of a solid core. We find that these cores can be up to several tens of Earth masses, depending on grain size, before the fragment center reaches temperatures that would sublimate solids. The solid fraction and total mass of the fragment also depend on the metallicity of the young parent protoplanetary disk, with higher initial metallicities resulting in larger fragments and larger solid cores. Additionally, the extended atmospheres of these soon-to-be gas giants or brown dwarfs are occasionally enriched above the initial metallicity, provided no solid core forms in the center, and are otherwise lacking in heavier elements when a core does form.
The Multi-instrument (EVE-RHESSI) DEM for Solar Flares, and Implications for Nonthermal Emission
Authors: McTiernan James M. , Caspi Amir , Warren Harry P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Solar flare X-ray spectra are typically dominated by thermal bremsstrahlung emission in the soft X-ray (≲10 keV) energy range; for hard X-ray energies (≳30 keV), emission is typically nonthermal from beams of electrons. The low-energy extent of nonthermal emission has only been loosely quantified. It has been difficult to obtain a lower limit for a possible nonthermal cutoff energy due to the significantly dominant thermal emission. Here we use solar flare data from the extreme ultraviolet Variability Experiment on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and X-ray data from the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Spectroscopic Imager to calculate the Differential Emission Measure (DEM). This improvement over the isothermal approximation and any single-instrument DEM helps to resolve ambiguities in the range where thermal and nonthermal emission overlap, and to provide constraints on the low-energy cutoff. In the model, thermal emission is from a DEM that is parameterized as multiple Gaussians in Log(T). Nonthermal emission results from a photon spectrum obtained using a thick-target emission model. Spectra for both instruments are fit simultaneously in a self-consistent manner. Our results have been obtained using a sample of 52 large (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite X- and M-class) solar flares observed between 2011 and 2013. It turns out that it is often possible to determine low-energy cutoffs early (in the first two minutes) during large flares. Cutoff energies at these times are typically low, less than 10 keV, when assuming coronal abundances. With photospheric abundances, cutoff energies are typically ∼10 keV higher, in the ∼17–25 keV range.