bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of lowground sheep farhers’ concerbs and experience of sheep health and disease in scotland
Authors: Alexander A W , Burgess G , English P R , Hacdonald D C , MacPherson O 
Published: June 2019

The Highlands and Islands Development Board (HIDB) is developing a strategy for the production and marketing of high health breeding sheep. Farmers and crofters in the North of Scotland, with HIDB support, have formed the Highlands and Islands Sheep Health Association (HISHA) to produce and market high health sheep. HISHA has over 500 members with a total of 250,000 breeding ewes. Members’ flocks are monitored by the Scottish Veterinary Investigation Service for Enzootic Abortion of Ewes (EAE) and for vaccination against Clostridial Diseases and Pasteurella. A requirement for information on the sheep health concerns and experiences of the potential purchasers of high health breeding sheep was identified. A survey was undertaken of lowground sheep farmers in Grampian and the Borders of Scotland to provide this information.The objectives were to determine, firstly, lowground sheep farmers’ concerns on sheep health; secondly, their experience of sheep disease problems; and thirdly, their awareness of sheep diseases that can be introduced by wintering sheep for another farmer or through purchased sheep. The survey was carried out by postal questionnaire and the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland (DAFS) prepared a mailing list from their census records. The DAFS also undertook the despatch and receipt of the questionnaires to preserve farmer confidentiality. The data was analysed using the Scientific Information Retrieval Data Base Management Systems analytical package.
Comparative performance of spring and summer born lambs grazing two sward types
Authors: Mitchell L M , King M E , Mackie C K 
Published: June 2019

There is increasing interest in the development of later lambing systems for crossbred ewes which more closely match ewe nutritional requirements with grass growth (Stone, 1988). Lambing a proportion of the flock during summer potentially ensures a better continuity of lamb supply. The objectives of the present trial were:(i) to compare the growth performance of spring and summer born lambs grazing swards fertilised with a high level of nitrogen or oversown with clover and receiving no fertilizer nitrogen.(ii) to investigate relative declines in midseason growth rates.
Influence of shearing and level of concentrates offered on the performance of lambs
Authors: Black H.J. , Chestnutt D.M.B. 
Published: June 2019

It has been clearly established that shearing ewes during pregnancy increases lamb birthweight (Austin and Young, 1971; Rutter, Laird and Broadbent, 1971; Black and Chestnutt, 1990). Fewer studies have examined the response of fattening lambs to shearing although both Salman and Owen (1981) and Marai, Nowar and Bahgat (1987) noted a significant increase in growth rate. This was accompanied by an increase in voluntary food intake and consequently little change in the food conversion efficiency.The objective of these experiments was to study the influence of shearing on voluntary food intake and growth rate of fattening lambs offered various levels of concentrate feeding plus ad libitum forage.
The structure of the British abattoir industry post 1992
Authors: Kempster A J , Sloyan M J 
Published: June 2019

1. Implementation of the EC meat hygiene standards (Proposal COM (89/673)) by the British abattoir industry post 1992 is likely to have a major impact on its structure. Against the background of low operating margins, many abattoirs are faced with the necessity of making substantial investment in order to conform with the standards.2. The term ‘post 1992’ is used advisedly because there could be temporary derogations beyond the 1 January 1993 deadline. The possibility and current lack of definition of these is a major cause of uncertainty and anxiety over investment in the industry, and makes forecasts of industry structure difficult.3. A survey was carried out during June to September 1990 to examine the projected future size and structure of the industry. Data were obtained from three sources:(a) a telephone survey to the managers of 80 non-EC approved abattoirs stratified by size and geographical region (carried out in August 1990),(b) a survey by MLC regional staff in close day-to-day contact with the industry (approximately 450 abattoirs), and(c) information obtained by MLC in the course of operating its Meat Plant Advisory Service (advice was provided to 150 abattoirs in 1989/90).The data included a Judgement as to whether the abattoir would continue to operate post 1992 and an estimate of anticipated slaughtering capacity based on chiller capacity. Numbers of cattle, sheep and pigs slaughtered in each abattoir in Great Britain are available from MLC's levy records. The database is being updated regularly as new information becomes available.
Genetic effects on carcass and meat quality traits in crosses between meishan and Large white pigs
Authors: Haley C.S. , Serra J.J. , Ellis M. 
Published: June 2019

Genes from the Chinese Meishan pig have the potential to enhance reproductive performance of European pigs (Bidanel, 1989; Haley and Lee, 1990). In order to allow prediction of the impact of Meishan genes In a range of alternative improvement programmes all traits of economic importance must be evaluated and genetic crossbreeding effects estimated. This paper reports the results of a crossbreeding study of meat and carcass quality traits recorded at the last rib position.Animals were purebred Meishan (MS) and Large White (LW) pigs, and reciprocal F1 crosses: Meishan ♂ x Large White ♀ (MS x LW) and Large White ♂ x Meishan ♀ (LW x MS). The animals were born In first and second parity litters at the Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Edinburgh and performance tested at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. The trial was performed in two replicates of equal size, each corresponding to a single parity, with a total of 273 animals. In both replicates, females and entire males of all four genotypes were tested (approximately equal numbers of each genotype and sex). Animals were housed indoors in like sex and genotype groups of six (three pairs of full sibs). Tests started at pen mean of approximately 35 kg of weight and ended at pen mean of approximately 70 kg. Animals were fed ad libitum on a commercial ration (195 g/kg crude protein, 13.2 MJ digestible energy/kg).
Manipulation of protein and fat accretion in growing cattle
Authors: Dawson J.M. , Beever D.E. , Buttery P.J. , M. Gill  
Published: June 2019

ß-adrenergic agonists are powerful repartitioning agents, increasing muscle protein accretion and reducing fat deposition in a variety of species. Their exact mode of action is not fully understood but some of their effects are similar to those elicited by exogenous growth hormone administration. Whilst there are few reports of plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations being elevated in animals treated with ß-agonists, several in vitro studies have clearly demonstrated a direct stimulation of GH release from perifused or cultured pituitary or adenohypophyseal cells on administration of these agents. More recently, a brief, rapid rise in plasma GH has been demonstrated in rats infused intra-atrially with isoproterenol and this was sustained when the animals were pre-treated with somatotropin release inhibitory factor (somatostatin; SRIF) antiserum. This raises the possibility that ß-adrenergic agonists do stimulate GH release in vivo but that this response is rapidly counteracted by SRIF release.The aim of this work was to attempt to enhance the repartitioning effect of ß-adrenergic agonists by immunizing young cattle against SRIF whilst administering cimaterol.
Physiological responses to selection for carcass lean content in a terminal sire breed of sheep
Authors: Cameron N.D. 
Published: June 2019

Sheep breeding programmes for genetic improvement in carcass composition of terminal sires measure livewelght and ultrasonic backfat and muscle depths for inclusion in a selection index to predict genetic merit. Physiological traits which were genetically correlated with carcass traits could be incorporated into the selection index to increase the accuracy of selection and the rate of genetic improvement.This study examined differences in physiological traits between lines selected for high or low carcass lean content. The measured physiological traits were chosen according to their role in protein and lipid metabolism : b-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose (GLUC) : indicators of energy balance; triglyceride (TRIG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) : intermediaries of lipid metabolism; UREA and creatinine (CREA) : indicators of nitrogen / amino acid metabolism and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1): an Indicator of growth hormone status.
Cobalt requirements of goats
Authors: Wallace D.S. , MacPherson A. 
Published: June 2019

Little is known about the cobalt requirements of goats, or of ‘normal values’ for related diagnostic parameters. Consequently an experiment was set up, to define their minimum cobalt requirement and to establish critical levels of some diagnostic parameters.24 wether goats were housed, fed a cobalt deficient diet of urea treated hay and cereal, and randomly allocated into 4 groups. Groups 2-4 received a cobalt supplement as detailed below in addition to the 0.04 mg Co/kg DM supplied by the diet. The goats were weighed weekly and blood sampled fortnightly.
The effect of number of single-space feeders and the provision of an additional drinker or toy on the performance and feeding behaviour of growing pigs
Authors: Morrow A.T.S. , Walker N. 
Published: June 2019

Feed spillage is a major cause of inefficiency when non-pelleted diets are fed ad libitum especially when large groups of pigs have access to only one feeding space (Patterson and Walker, 1989; Walker, 1990). Competition for access to the feeder may contribute to spillage (Hansen, Hagelso and Madsen, 1982) although Albar and Granier (1989) showed no reduction in feed efficiency with 8 to 12 pigs per feeding place. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the performance and feeding behaviour of pigs fed ad libitum in groups of 20 when given an extra single-space feeder or an additional drinker or ‘toy’.Six hundred and forty cross-bred pigs from Landrace and Large White origins were used from 37 kg to slaughter at 91 kg live weight. They were penned in groups of 20 with a floor space allowance of 0.66 m2 /pig on fully slatted floors.
Colostrum production by prolific ewes
Authors: Pattinson S. , Davies D.A.R. , Winter A. 
Published: June 2019

The production of colostrum by prolific ewes is of particular importance because of the increased demand of larger litters. Robinson (1985) has shown that there is a sharp increase in the ewe's net protein requirement for udder growth and colostrum production in the last 2 weeks pre-partum.The trial was designed to investigate the effect of level of protein in the diet during the last weeks of pregnancy on the quantity and quality of colostrum produced by prolific ewes.Forty-four Cambridge ewes aged 2 to 7 years and scanned as carrying two to four lambs were used. Ewes were housed and sheared approximately 2 months pre-partum and fed a complete diet at a restricted level and hay ad libitum until the commencement of the feeding trial at 2 weeks pre-partum. The ewes were then individually penned until 5 days post partum. During this period the ewes were fed ad libitum one of the two complete diets detailed in Table 1 together with hay ad libitum.
Lamb performance on two silages and two concentrates fed alone and in combination
Authors: Morgan C A , Henderson A R , Anderson D H , FitzSimons J , McClelland T H 
Published: June 2019

Intakes of well-fermented silages by store lambs can be disappointing, with liveweight gains well below the 100 to 125 g/d required to fatten lambs over the winter. To achieve high levels of gain it has been necessary to supplement grass silages. Barley, as an energy supplement, has increased the intake of dry matter but often the intake of silage dry matter is decreased. Protein supplements, on the other hand, have been shown to increase silage DM intake. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects on intake and performance of store lambs of two supplements of differing protein content when offered as the sole constituent of the diet or with one of two silages at two levels of supplementation.After a 24 hour wilt, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was ensiled: half of the material was untreated and half was treated with an additive which contained lactic acid bacteria (supplying 106 cfu/g), Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus and enzymes derived from Trichoderma reesei.
The influence of level and pattern of allocation of concentrates given with silage ad libitum on the performance of lactating cows
Authors: K. Aston  , W.J. Fisher  , R.D. Baker  
Published: June 2019

The trial is one of a series in a project to develop a mathematical model to predict the consequences of changes to the food supply on yields of milk constituents. The objective of the trial was to measure the responses of winter-calved dairy cows to changes to the level or to the distribution within a level of concentrates given with grass silage ad libitum.Ninety-eight British Friesian cows in their second or subsequent lactations with a mean calving date 6 December were used in a randomised block experiment. There were 7 treatment groups. Cows received on average 3, 6 or 9 kg concentrate dry matter (DM) per day over weeks 4 to 22 of lactation.
The digestion of non-starch polysaccharides from diets containing plain sugar beet pulp by piglets, growing pigs and sows
Authors: Longland A.C. , Low A.G , Close W.H. , Sharpe C.E. , Carruthers J.C. , Harland J.I. 
Published: June 2019

Recent studies have shown that piglets, growing pigs and sows can perform well on diets containing substantial proportions of plain sugar beet pulp (SBP) (Bulman et al., 1989; Low et al., 1990; Close et al., 1990). SBP contains c. 600 g non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)/kg which, unlike starch, cannot be digested by the hosts’ enzymes but must be fermented by the gut microflora to yield VFA for subsequent use as an energy source by the animal.The objective of this study was to determine the degree to which 32-day-old piglets, growing pigs of various ages, and mature sows can ferment the NSP content of diets containing varying proportions of SBP.
Effects of high inclusion levels of sugar beet pulp in diets for dry sows
Authors: Edwards S A , Taylor A G , Fowler V R 
Published: June 2019

The dry sow is well suited to utilise high fibre diets and there are some suggestions that feeding such diets in pregnancy may enhance litter size and subsequent piglet performance. This experiment was designed to investigate the effects on performance of inclusion of a high level of fermentable fibre in the form of unmolassed sugar beet pulp (SBP) in the diet of dry sows.24 gilts and 20 multiparous Landrace x Large White sows were allocated to one of two diets according to weaning or entry date, parity and liveweight. The diets comprised a barley/soya basal diet with either 450 g/kg wheat (diet W) or SBP substituting for this wheat to provide the same quantity of corrected digestible energy (diet B). The two diets were fed at differential levels, to supply the same daily total of corrected digestible energy, from weaning or gilt entry until farrowing. The allocated amount of diet was given in a single daily feeding period to animals confined in individual feeding stalls, and a period of one hour was allowed for the ration to be consumed. After farrowing all animals were fed twice daily on a standard diet, according to a scale related to litter size.
The nutritional value of rapeseed meal for piglets
Authors: Latymer E.A. , Low A.G. , Ingham M.A. , Close W.H. 
Published: June 2019

The level of glucosinolates in the seed of many double low varieties of rapeseed is still very close to 20 μM/g, which will be the limit for EEC subsidy from 1992. Besides the effects on the price, the high level of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal, and their possible products of decomposition, may limit their usefulness in feeding strategies and programmes for pigs.The possibility that the agronomical conditions under which the rapeseed it grown and harvested may influence the glucosinolate content of the seed, and hence alter its nutritional value to pigs, was investigated in the present experiment. Substantial variation in glucosinolate levels between batches of seeds of the same variety has been found in different years, depending upon the site and conditions under which the crop is grown.
Effects of feeding level and sex on fat deposition and serum cholesterol in growing pigs
Authors: Taylor J.A. , Salter D.N. , Close W.H. , Laswai G.H. 
Published: June 2019

Previous experiments at Shinfield (Taylor, Salter and Lister, 1990) have shown an association between serum cholesterol and carcass fatness. This was particularly marked when cholesterol levels had been altered through feeding a hypercholesterolemic diet. In the present experiment, serum cholesterol and fat deposition have been studied in entire and castrated pigs at different planes of nutrition and stages of growth.In a 2 x 2 factorial experiment (Taylor, Salter, Close, Laswai and Hudson, 1990) 18 castrated and 18 entire male pigs, of initial weight 20 kg, were fed either 2.25 (Low) or 3.4 (High) x maintenance energy requirements, to a scale based on liveweight. Nitrogen and energy balances (including calorimetry) were measured over 7-day periods when the pigs reached approximately 30, 60 and 90 kg. Fasting blood samples were taken on the morning after each balance period and serum was analysed for total- and HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol. LDL-cholesterol was calculated as: Total cholesterol - HDL-cholesterol - (triacylglycerol/6). Fat deposition was calculated as the difference between total energy retention and energy retained as protein.
Live and carcass weight gains of cattle offered whole-crop barley silage harvested at an immature growth stage
Authors: O'Kiely P. , Moloney A.P. 
Published: June 2019

Harvesting cereals in whole-crop form and conserving them by ensilage, has potential benefits compared to conventional cereal harvesting systems in terms of a lesser dependence on weather conditions and higher animal production per hectare. Three experiments were carried out to determine the performance of cattle offered whole-crop barley silage harvested at an immature stage of development.Whole-crop barley was harvested using a precision chop harvester in each experiment and intakes were recorded on a group basis in Experiments 2 and 3. In Experiment 1, winter barley was harvested either on June 17 (Cut 1 - grain at milky stage) or July 6 (Cut 2 -grain at mealy stage). Groups of seven Friesian steers (503 kg mean starting weight) were offered either Cut 1 or Cut 2 silage ad libitum for 95 days supplemented with one of the following supplements per head daily : (a) none, (b) 3 kg rolled barley, (c) 3 kg barley/soya (154 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM) and (d) 1 kg soyabean (470 g CP/kg DM).
Replacement of whole crop wheat by grass silage in the diet of dairy cows
Authors: Hill J. , Leaver J.D. 
Published: June 2019

Previous studies with whole crop wheat (WCW) fed to dairy cows (Hill and Leaver, 1990) showed that high intakes were achieved relative to liveweight when offered as the sole forage, but there appeared to be a poor utilisation of the ME intake. The reasons for this have not been clarified, but the very high intake of ammonia could be a predisposing cause. The place for WCW is therefore likely to be as a proportion of the total forage. The high pH should make it an ideal complement for silage.The objective of this experiment was to replace part of the WCW intake with grass silage.
Feeding sorghum stover to Ethiopian goats and sheep: Effect of amount offered on growth, intake and selection
Authors: Aboud A A O , Owen E , Reed J D , Said A N , McAllan A B 
Published: June 2019

Aboud et al (1990) found that intake and selection of sorghum stover (i.e. straw) by Ethiopian sheep increased as the ad libitum amounts offered (g/kg mass[M].day[d]) were increased from 25 to 50 and 75. The greater intakes resulted in improved growth rates. In view of the importance of goats in smallholder tropical-agriculture and the fact that goats are considered to be selective feeders, the present experiment compared the response of goats and sheep when offered increasing ad libitum quantities of sorghum stover.Sorghum (bird-resistant variety Seredo) was grown at Melkassa in the Rift Valley. Fourteen days after hand-harversting of grain in November 1988, stover was hand-cut and transported to the ILCA Station at Debre-Zeit. The stover was chopped (tractor-mounted Alvan Blanch Maxi Chaff Cutter) and stored for one month before feeding. Twenty four Galla bucks (11-13 months old) and twenty four Ethiopian Lowand rams (14-16 months old) were used in the 2 x 3 factorial experiment with 8 replicates.
The effect of breeding cashmere doe kids on their subsequent reproductive and physical performance
Authors: Roger Louise C , Gunn G J , Waterhouse A 
Published: June 2019

The breeding of doe kids is clearly attractive if it enables the generation interval in a breeding programme to be reduced.It is important for the health and welfare of the goats that breeding at such a young age reaches a successful conclusion. Furthermore it is vital that it does not jeopardize the successive pregnancies and future lifetime performance of both dam and offspring. However, there are currently no guidelines for minimum liveweight at mating for these young goats.This paper describes the result of an investigation into the effects of breeding cashmere doe kids on their subsequent performance.
Effect of protein supplementation on the digestibility of urea treated whole crop wheat and on milk production by dairy cows
Authors: Hill J. , Leaver J.D. 
Published: June 2019

Previous studies have shown a low efficiency of utilisation of urea treated whole crop wheat (UWCW) when offered as the sole forage to dairy cows (Hill and Leaver 1990). The poor efficiency of utilisation of metabolisable energy could possibly be influenced by the level and quality (the balance in QFN, SFN, and UN) of protein intake by the cow.To investigate the effect of level and quality of protein intake on the digestibility of UWCW fed ad libitum to lactating cows, an experiment was carried out using three concentrate sources based upon molassed sugar beet pulp pellets (Diet A), soya bean meal (Diet B) and fishmeal (Diet C). A concurrent experiment was implemented to analyse the degradation characteristics of UWCW using sheep.Six multiparous mid to late lactation Holstein Friesian cows were allocated to two 3x3 latin squares. Each cow was housed in an individual pen and fed UWCW ad libitum once daily and concentrate twice daily. Individual DM intakes of forage, milk production, liveweight and faecal output were estimated for each diet. The degradability trial used the methodology of Paine et al (1982).