bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Refugee Integration Survey and Evaluation (RISE): Results from a Four-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Lichtenstein Gary , Puma Jini E 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Refugee Integration Survey and Evaluation (RISE) study assessed refugee integration longitudinally within a cohort of 467 newly arrived adult refugees over the course of four years (overall participant retention was 70 per cent). The RISE instrument measured 10 ‘pathways’ to integration, as well as Overall Integration, based on Ager and Strang’s integration framework. Results show varying patterns of engagement with specific pathways over time, suggesting that members across the cohort deal with similar issues during different phases of integration. On average, the Overall Integration increased steadily over time. Men had statistically higher means than women each year on Overall Integration, although the rate of change between the two was the same. Statistical differences in rates of integration were observed by ethnicity and age. Overall Integration among refugees who were 55 years or older progressed significantly less than younger refugees. Approximately 5 per cent of the participating refugee cohort regressed to a lower level of integration each year. This study addressed a need for longitudinal research into refugee integration, using a valid and statistically reliable survey that can be adapted to other contexts worldwide.
Hyper Suprime-Cam: Filters
Authors: Kawanomoto Satoshi , Uraguchi Fumihiro , Komiyama Yutaka , Miyazaki Satoshi , Furusawa Hisanori , Finet François , Hattori Takashi , Wang Shiang-Yu , Yasuda Naoki , Suzuki Naotaka 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We describe five broad-band filters and a narrow-band one for the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) at the prime focus of the Subaru Telescope. Since the HSC is a practical successor to the Suprime-Cam (SC), our broad-band filter set follows the SC's SDSS g΄, r΄, i΄, z΄ filters, and Y filter, and the Hα filter is adopted as our first narrow-band filter. Filters for the HSC are quite large; therefore, they are constructed only by interference coatings. Based on a draft specification guided by that of SC's filters, we made prototype filters which were evaluated at a laboratory, and eventually used them in the actual HSC commissioning observation. Through this process, we learned that transmission measurement with a fine spatial sampling was crucial for reliable understanding of the filter characteristics, and this motivated us to develop an efficient measurement system. Since this measurement system is placed in the summit facility and functions semi-automatically, long-term monitoring of the performance of HSC filters will be achieved. We present in this paper the specifications that the HSC filter should meet, problems and solutions in filter implementation, issues found through the commissioning observing run, the new filter measurement system at the summit facility, and transmission curves and tables of the filters.
Ketamine Anesthesia Does Not Improve Depression Scores in Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Carspecken Charles William , Borisovskaya Anna , Lan Shu-Tsui , Heller Katherine , Buchholz Jonathan , Ruskin David , Rozet Irene 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Although interest in ketamine use during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has increased, studies have been equivocal with regard to its efficacy. The aims of this clinical trial were to evaluate ketamine’s antidepressive effects in ECT as a primary anesthetic, determine ketamine’s tolerability when compared with standard anesthesia, and determine if plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is necessary for treatment response.

Materials and Methods:
Adults meeting criteria for treatment-resistant depression undergoing index course ECT received either methohexital (1 to 2 mg/kg) or ketamine (1 to 2 mg/kg) anesthesia in this dual-arm double-blinded randomized clinical trial (NCT02752724). The primary outcome of this study is change in depression questionnaire scores before and after ECT. Seizure data, depression severity using self-reported and clinician-assessed questionnaires, cognitive scoring, and plasma BDNF concentrations were obtained before and after completion of ECT.

Results:
There were no differences in seizure lengths, hemodynamics, or seizure stimuli between the ketamine (n=23;138 ECTs) and methohexital (n=27;159 ECTs) groups. Depression scores improved similarly after ECT in both groups. In the methohexital group, 15% of patients failed to achieve adequate seizures and were switched to ketamine and 26% were converted to bilateral ECT stimulus, whereas all ketamine patients achieved adequate seizures and only 4% required bilateral stimulus. Plasma BDNF increased after ECT only in the ketamine group.

Conclusions:
Our data show that ketamine does not significantly improve depression when compared with methohexital as a single induction agent for ECT, increases serum BDNF and does not increase rates of post-ECT agitation. Ketamine use in ECT may have some benefits for some patients that are not captured through standard depression assessment questionnaires alone.
A Prospective Comparative Study in Skin Antiseptic Solutions for Posterior Spine Surgeries
Authors: Yoshii Toshitaka , Hirai Takashi , Yamada Tsuyoshi , Sakai Kenichiro , Ushio Shuta , Egawa Satoru , Yuasa Masato , Kato Tsuyoshi , Inose Hiroyuki , Kawabata Shigenori , Okawa Atsushi 
Published: May 2018

Study Design:
This is a prospective comparative study.

Objective:
We evaluated the efficacy of 2 standard antiseptic solutions, chlorhexidine-gluconate (CHG) and povidone-iodine (PD-I), in eliminating bacterial pathogens from surgical sites in posterior spine surgeries.

Summary of Background Data:
Previous studies have shown that CHG is more effective for skin antisepsis than PD-I in joint surgeries. However, few studies have investigated the preoperative use of antiseptic solutions in spine surgery.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 190 patients who received posterior spine surgeries were included in this study. The patients were allocated to the group treated with 0.5% CHG in ethanol (N=98) or 10% PV-I (N=92). Sterile culture swabs were used to obtain samples from the skin area adjacent to the planned incision site before preparation, after preparation, and after wound closure.

Results:
No differences were found between the CHG-treated and the PD-I-treated groups in the patients’ age, sex, disease status, surgical site, operating time, and intraoperative blood loss. Before surgical skin preparation, bacteria grew in the cultures of specimens of 83.7% of the patients; no significant difference was found between the 2 groups. The common organisms isolated from both the cervical and lumbar spine surgical sites were Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., and Bacillus sp. After the skin preparation, there were no significant differences observed in the culture positive rate between the CHG (3.1%) and PD-I (5.1%) (P=0.49) solutions. The culture positive rates became higher after wound closure (preop=4.2%, postop=8.4%; P=0.07). The positive rate after wound closure in the CHG-treated group (5.1%) was smaller than in the PD-I-treated group (14.1%) (P=0.046). However, no difference was found in infection rates between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
While CHG-ethanol and PD-I were equally effective at eliminating the bacterial flora from the surgical site, CHG-ethanol showed a more favorable long-lasting effect for skin antisepsis in posterior spine surgeries.
Outcomes in Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures With a Thoracolumbar Injury Classification Score (TLICS) of 4 Treated With Surgery Versus Initial Conservative Management
Authors: Nataraj Andrew , Jack Andrew S. , Ihsanullah Ihsan , Nomani Shawn , Kortbeek Frank , Fox Richard 
Published: May 2018

Study Design:
This is a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study.

Objective:
To determine whether surgery or nonoperative treatment has better clinical outcomes in neurologically intact patients with an intermediate severity thoracolumbar burst fracture.

Summary of Background Data:
Optimal management, whether initial operative or nonoperative treatment, for thoracolumbar injury classification score (TLICS) 4 burst fractures remains controversial. Better insight into the treatment which affords patients a better clinical outcome could significantly affect patient care.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included consecutive cases of TLICS 4 burst fracture patients from 2007 to 2013 and minimum 6-month follow-up. Potential confounders examined included age, sex, injury severity score, initial kyphotic angle, injured facets, and interspinous widening. Outcomes were determined by standardized questionnaires [Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 12-item Short Form Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS), and back pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS)] and analyzed using regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 230 patients with burst fractures were identified, of which 67/230 (29%) were TLICS 4 and 47/67 (70%) had completed follow-up. No difference on univariate analysis was found between nonsurgical and surgical groups in mean ODI scores (P=0.27, t test), nor mean time to return to work (P=0.10, t test).
Regarding outcomes, linear regression analysis revealed no association between having surgery and ODI (P=0.29), SF-12 PCS (P=0.59), or VAS (P=0.33). Furthermore, no difference was found between groups for employed patients working versus not working (P=0.09, the Fisher test), nor in mean time to return to work (P=0.30, Cox regression).

Conclusions:
This is one of the largest studies examining TLICS 4 burst fracture patients, adjusting for both clinical and radiologic confounders and reporting patient outcomes with minimum 6-month follow-up. No differences were found in outcomes between patients treated either surgically or nonsurgically. Studies focusing on early postoperative differences or cost-effectiveness might help in decision making.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Modic Changes in the Lumbar Spine are Common Aging-related Degenerative Findings that Parallel With Disk Degeneration
Authors: Chen Lunhao , Hu Xiaojian , Zhang Jingfeng , Battié Michele C. , Lin Xiangjin , Wang Yue 
Published: May 2018

Study Design:
This is a cross-sectional study.

Objective:
To determine the prevalence and distribution patterns of Modic changes (MCs) in the lumbar spine and their associations with disk degeneration in mainland Chinese using a sample of general population.

Summary of Background Data:
Previous studies reported that the prevalence of MCs in Hong Kong Chinese was much lower than in other populations. Moreover, their associations with disk degeneration need further study.

Materials and Methods:
The study sample consisted of 442 subjects (53.6±14.9 y; range, 20–88 y) randomly selected from a typical Chinese community. Lumbar spines were imaged using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance scanner. Eleven endplates (L1–S1) in the lumbar spine were evaluated for the presence of MCs, type, location, and size to determine MCs prevalence and distribution patterns. Disk degeneration was graded using a Pfirrmann scale.

Results:
MCs were present in 209 (47.3%) subjects and 593 (12.2%) endplates. Among these endplates, 84.1% (499) were type II, 9.1% (54) were type I, and 6.4% (38) were mixed MCs. Approximately 2/3 MCs were present in the lower lumbar spine and 44.9% of MCs were at the L5/S1 disk level. Most MCs (73.9%) involved both endplates of a disk. Greater age [odds ratio (OR)=2.44 for each 10-year increase, P<0.001] and body mass index (OR=1.07, P=0.016) were associated with the presence of MCs, as was adjacent disk degeneration (OR=6.00, P<0.001), controlling for age and other covariates. Greater age, body mass index, and adjacent disk degeneration were also associated with greater MCs size.

Conclusions:
MCs are common in mainland Chinese, with type II predominating. MCs mainly present in the lower lumbar region and tend to occur in pairs. MCs were strongly associated with age and disk degeneration, suggesting MCs may be aging-related degenerative findings that parallel disk degeneration.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
Enhancement of Lymphatic Vessels in the Superficial Layer in a Rat Model of a Lymphedematous Response
Authors: Matsumoto Kumiko , Kosaka Jun , Suami Hiroo , Kimata Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2018

Background:
The morphologic and histologic behavior of lymphatic vessels in lymphedema has not been well analyzed using laboratory animals. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the regeneration process of lymphatic vessels after acute lymphedema in a rat model.

Methods:
The acute lymphedema was induced by an amputation and a replantation surgery on a rat hind limb. Recovery of lymphatic flow was traced using fluorescent lymphography with dye injection. The morphology and number of lymphatic vessels were immunohistochemically detected and quantified in both superficial and deep layers.

Results:
The swelling was the most severe, and the number of lymphatic vessels in the superficial layer was significantly and maximally increased on postoperative day 3. Backflows and overflows were also detectable in the superficial layer on postoperative day 3. The number of lymphatic vessels had decreased but remained significantly higher than that in the controls on postoperative day 14, when the swelling decreased to the levels in the controls. In contrast, the number of lymphatic vessels in the deep layer showed a tendency toward increased numbers; however, it was not statistically significant on postoperative day 3, 7, or 14.

Conclusions:
We have obtained solid evidence showing the differential potency of lymphatic vessels between the superficial and the deep layers after temporal lymphedematous induction. Further analysis of lymphedematous responses in animal models could provide new insights into the challenges associated with the clinical treatment of lymphedema.
Chelation therapy to prevent diabetes-associated cardiovascular events
Authors: Diaz Denisse , Fonseca Vivian , Aude Yamil W. , Lamas Gervasio A. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
For over 60 years, chelation therapy with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA, edetate) had been used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) despite lack of scientific evidence for efficacy and safety. The Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT) was developed and received funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to ascertain the safety and efficacy of chelation therapy in patients with CVD.

Recent findings
This pivotal trial demonstrated an improvement in outcomes in postmyocardial infarction (MI) patients. Interestingly, it also showed a particularly large reduction in CVD events and all-cause mortality in the prespecified subgroup of patients with diabetes. The TACT results may support the concept of metal chelation to reduce metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions that promote the formation of advanced glycation end products, a precursor of diabetic atherosclerosis.

Summary
In this review, we summarize the epidemiological and basic evidence linking toxic metal accumulation and diabetes-related CVD, supported by the salutary effects of chelation in TACT. If the ongoing NIH-funded TACT2, in diabetic post-MI patients, proves positive, this unique therapy will enter the armamentarium of endocrinologists and cardiologists seeking to reduce the atherosclerotic risk of their diabetic patients.
Adenovirus infection in pediatric transplant recipients: are effective antiviral agents coming our way?
Authors: Lopez Santiago M.C. , Michaels Marian G. , Green Michael 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
Adenoviruses (AdVs) infection is a self-limited disease in the majority of immunocompetent children and adults, but can cause disseminated and life-threatening illness in immunocompromised hosts. This article will discuss therapeutic strategies for AdV infection in the pediatrics transplant recipient.

Recent findings
Currently, there is no FDA approved antiviral therapy for AdV infection. Accordingly, the primary initial therapy would be decreasing immunosuppression, whenever possible. Cidofovir (CDV) is an antiviral drug whose use has been associated with significant reductions of AdV viral load and, in some series improved survival in recipients of solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). However, its use is also associated with significant toxicity. Brincidofovir (BCV) is a lipid formulation of CDV, which has an improved oral bioavailability and favorable toxicity profile compared with CDV. However, studies have only shown modest benefit from BCV for AdV disease or viremia. Immunotherapy is a growing field in the management of this virus infection on HSCT patients with promising results.

Summary
Current evidence support the use of CDV and BCV, as rescue therapy, on SOT and HSCT transplant patients. Immunotherapy had only been proven successful in HSCT patients, as an option for refractory cases or rescue therapy for AdV infection.
The Influence of Daily Stress on Sedentary Behavior: Group and Person (N of 1) Level Results of a 1-Year Observational Study
Authors: Diaz Keith M. , Thanataveerat Anusorn , Parsons Faith E. , Yoon Sunmoo , Cheung Ying Kuen , Alcántara Carmela , Duran Andrea T. , Ensari Ipek , Krupka David J. , Schwartz Joseph E. , Burg Matthew M. , Davidson Karina W. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
The purpose of this study, which used mobile technologies to continuously collect data for 1 year, was to examine the association of psychological stress with objectively measured sedentary behavior in adults at both the group (e.g., nomothetic approach) and individual (e.g., idiographic approach) level.

Methods
Data were collected in an observational study of healthy adults (n = 79) residing in the New York City metro area who were studied for 365 days from 2014 to 2015. Sedentary behavior was objectively measured via accelerometry. A smartphone-based electronic diary was used to assess level of stress (“Overall, how stressful was your day?” 0–10 scale) and sources of stress.

Results
The end-of-day stress rating was not associated with total sedentary time (B = −1.34, p = .767) at the group level. When specific sources of stress were evaluated at the group level, argument-related stress was associated with increased sedentariness, whereas running late- and work-related stress were associated with decreased sedentariness. There was a substantial degree of interindividual variability in the relationship of stress with sedentary behavior. Both the level and sources of stress were associated with increased sedentariness for some, decreased sedentariness for others, and had no effect for many (within-person variance p < .001).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that the influence of stress on sedentary behavior varies by source of stress and from person to person. A precision medicine approach may be warranted to target reductions in sedentary time, although further studies are needed to confirm the observed findings in light of study limitations including a small sample size and enrollment of participants from a single, urban metropolitan area.
Planning for the Rheumatologist Workforce
Authors: Barber Claire E. H. , Nasr Mina , Barnabe Cheryl , Badley Elizabeth M. , Lacaille Diane , Pope Janet , Cividino Alfred , Yacyshyn Elaine , Baillie Cory , Mosher Dianne , Thomson John G. , Charnock Christine , Thorne J. Carter , Zummer Michel , Brophy Julie , Ruban Thanu Nadarajah , Ahluwalia Vandana , McDougall Robert , Marshall Deborah A. 
Published: May 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with rheumatologists' clinical work hours and patient volumes based on a national workforce survey in rheumatology.

Methods
Adult rheumatologists who participated in a 2015 workforce survey were included (n = 255). Univariate analysis evaluated the relationship between demographics (sex, age, academic vs. community practice, billing fee for service vs. other plan, years in practice, retirement plans) and workload (total hours and number of ½-day clinics per week) or patient volumes (number of new and follow-up consults per week). Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between practice type, sex, age, and working hours or clinical volumes.

Results
Male rheumatologists had more ½-day clinics (p = 0.05) and saw more new patients per week (p = 0.001) compared with females. Community rheumatologists had more ½-day clinics and new and follow-up visits per week (all p < 0.01). Fee-for-service rheumatologists reported more ½-day clinics per week (p < 0.001) and follow-ups (p = 0.04). Workload did not vary by age, years in practice, or retirement plans. In multivariate analysis, community practice remained independently associated with higher patient volumes and more clinics per week. Female rheumatologists reported fewer clinics and fewer follow-up patients per week than males, but this did not affect the duration of working hours or new consultations. Age was not associated with work volumes or hours.

Conclusions
Practice type and rheumatologist sex should be considered when evaluating rheumatologist workforce needs, as the proportion of female rheumatologists has increased over time and alternative billing practices have been introduced in many centers.
Glucocorticoid Regulation of Ependymal Glia and Regenerative Potential after Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Nelson Craig M. , Lee Han , Krug Randall G. , Kamalova Aichurok , Madigan Nicolas N. , Clark Karl J. , Lennon Vanda A. , Windebank Anthony J. , Henley John R. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryFollowing injury, the mammalian spinal cord forms a glial scar and fails to regenerate. In contrast, spinal cord tissue of vertebrate fish regenerates and restores function. Cord transection in zebrafish (Danio rerio) initially causes paralysis and neural cell death, with subsequent ependymal glial proliferation, extension of bipolar glia across the lesion, and neurogenesis. Axons extending from spared and nascent neurons along trans-lesional glial bridges restore functional connectivity. Here we report that glucocorticoids directly target the regeneration supporting changes in ependymal glia to inhibit neural repair. This effect is independent of hematogenic immune cells or microglia. Furthermore, glucocorticoid receptor signaling in ependymal glia is inversely regulated in rat models of spinal cord injury compared to zebrafish. The blockade of neural regeneration by glucocorticoids via a direct effect on ependymal glia has important clinical implications concerning the putative therapeutic benefit of corticosteroids in early management of spinal cord injury.