bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Defects Sensitize p53-Deficient Head and Neck Cancer Cells to the WEE1 Kinase Inhibition
Authors: Diab Ahmed , Kao Michael , Kehrli Keffy , Kim Hee Yeon , Sidorova Julia , Mendez Eduardo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The p53 gene is the most commonly mutated gene in solid tumors, but leveraging p53 status in therapy remains a challenge. Previously, we determined that p53 deficiency sensitizes head and neck cancer cells to AZD1775, a WEE1 kinase inhibitor, and translated our findings into a phase I clinical trial. Here, we investigate how p53 affects cellular responses to AZD1775 at the molecular level. We found that p53 modulates both replication stress and mitotic deregulation triggered by WEE1 inhibition. Without p53, slowing of replication forks due to replication stress is exacerbated. Abnormal, γH2AX-positive mitoses become more common and can proceed with damaged or underreplicated DNA. p53-deficient cells fail to properly recover from WEE1 inhibition and exhibit fewer 53BP1 nuclear bodies despite evidence of unresolved damage. A faulty G1–S checkpoint propagates this damage into the next division. Together, these deficiencies can intensify damages in each consecutive cell cycle in the drug.

Implications:
The data encourage the use of AZD1775 in combination with genotoxic modalities against p53-deficient head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF Hoya spp. (APOCYNACEAE: ASCLEPIADOIDEAE) AT BODOGOL NATURE-CONSERVATION EDUCATION CENTER, INDONESIA
Authors: Bermuli Jessica Elfani , Sulistijorini Sulistijorini , Rahayu Sri 
Published: January 2019

Hoya species are a type of epiphytic flowering plants that are known to have traditional medicinal values. Since 2011, eight Hoya species are recorded at the Bodogol Nature-Conservation Education Center (BNCEC), Bogor, Indonesia. For effective conservation measures, this study is aimed to analyze the population structure and distribution pattern of Hoya species at BNCEC. Data collection was done from July to August 2016 using a Â purposive sampling method in a 400m2 plot. The results show that each species differed in their population structures. The H. multiflora population structure has the shape of an inverted pyramid, where there were more adult individuals than seedling and young ones, both H. campanulata and H. imperialis have the shape of a natural population pyramid, showing a population balance between seedling, young, and adult individuals. H. lacunosa has the shape of an hourglass, in which the number of seedlings and adult individuals is larger than the young. H. hasseltii and H. vitellinoides have no clear population structures as no adult individuals were discovered for these two species. The distribution pattern of Hoya populations at BNCEC is of the clumped type (Morisitaâ€™s index = 0.661).
ADDITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL SOURCE, Amomum compactum Soland ex Maton AND ITS EFFECT ON RUMINAL FEED FERMENTATION IN-VITRO
Authors: Kurniawati Asih , Widodo Widodo , Artama Wayan Tunas , Yusiati Lies Mira 
Published: January 2019

Essential Oil (EO), as feed additive, is known to increase the feed efficiency and reduce the methane production among ruminants. This research was done to study the effect of java cardamom (Amomum compactum Soland ex Maton) essential oil as feed additive on ruminal feed fermentation. The in vitro gas production technique was used in this research to determine the effect of cardamom on nutrient fermentation in the rumen. Cardamom meal was added into the feed sample to get end concentration of EO in the fermentation medium as much as 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/l. The substrate consisted of Pennisetum purpureum, rice bran and wheat pollard. The addition of cardamom did not significantly affect the digestibilityof dry matterÂ Â except at 100 mg/l in which it decreased. Protein digestibility decreased when the diet was added with cardamom, whereas organic matter and crude fiber digestibility increased up to 13.5% and 24% level of EO100mg/l respectively. Â The production of volatile fatty acid (acetate, propionate, butyrate), pH and microbial protein synthesis except the ammonia concentration, were not affected by cardamom addition. Similarly, the methane production and protozoa population did not significantly change. The utilization of java cardamom as feed additive positively affected the ruminal feed fermentation by increasing the organic matter and crude fiber digestibility and reducing the protein digestibility.
EFFECTS OF HUMIC ACID ADDITION TO FEEDS WITH HEAVY METAL CADMIUM CONTAMINATION FROM GREEN MUSSELS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF ASIAN SEABASS
Authors: Rasidi Rasidi , Jusadi Dedi , Setiawati Mia , Yuhana Munti , Jr. Muhammad Zairin , Sugama Ketut 
Published: January 2019

Although it contains heavy metals, the highly nutritious green mussel Perna viridis is used as a fish meal replacement in fish diet. Fortunately, humic acid (HA) has the ability to chelate heavy metals in animal feeds. Its addition in fish feed formulation is, therefore, needed to prevent the accumulation of heavy metals in the fish body. Hence, an experiment using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications was conducted to evaluate the performance and feed efficiency of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer juveniles on the addition of HA on its green mussel diet containing heavy metal cadmium (Cd). Â Five experimental diets were formulated with different dosages of HA addition at 0, 400, 800, 1200, and 1600 mg Kg-1of feed as treatments A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The experimental diets were given to triplicate group of 15 Asian seabass juveniles with initial body weights of 4.30 Â± 0.60 g in a 70-day cultivation period of feeding until satiation. The results showed that feed comsumption, feed digestibility, protein retention, growth performance and feed eficiency were significantly affected by HA addition in the fish diet. Among all treatments, HA addition of 1600 mgKg-1 produced the best biological response from the Asian Seabass. This indicated that the humic acid addition in the diet formulation can improve the utilization of feed for fish growth. The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in the flesh of Asian seabass is still under the limit set in the food safety standard, hence, the fishes are still considered safe for human consumption. Therefore, the green mussel meal, with HA addition as an alternative source of protein, has potential as feed additive for the diet contaminated Cd of Asian seabass juveniles.
EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE POTASSIUM 660 G L-1 ON TRANSGENIC AND CONVENTIONAL CORN VARIETIES
Authors: Kurniadie Denny , Umiyati Uum , Widayat Dedi 
Published: January 2019

The transgenic corn variety, NK 603, which contains a gene called CP4 EPSPS (5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase) which makes the corn plants tolerant to the glyphosate herbicide, on the other hand conventional corn varieties are sensitive to glyphosate.Â It was required to test the chlorosis and burn-down effect both in transgenic and conventional corn varieties due to glyphosate. The experiment was conducted to quantify the burn-down effects and chlorosis due to the application of herbicide glyphosate potassium 660 g l-1 on two varieties of corn at the Agriculture Faculty Research Station of Padjadjaran University, West Java, Indonesia, from December 2015 to April 2016. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with 20 treatments and each treatment replicated twice. At 15 days and 20 days after planting, five transgenic corn varieties (C7 RR, 979 RR, 77 RR, 85 RR and 95 RR) and five conventional corn varieties (C7, 979,77,85 and 95) were applied with herbicide glyphosate potassium 660 g l-1 at a dose of 2 L ha-1. The results showed that the herbicide was effective to control the weed in both transgenic and conventional corn varieties. The transgenic corn variety exhibited smaller percentages of chlorosis (0-20%) and no burn-down effect was observed following applications of glyphosate potassium 660 g l-1. On the other hand, chlorosis and burn-down effects were found on all conventional corn varieties.Â The yield of transgenic corn varieties was higher than those of the conventional corn varieties.
Macrophage-Derived Legumain Promotes Pulmonary Hypertension by Activating the MMP (Matrix Metalloproteinase)-2/TGF (Transforming Growth Factor)-β1 Signaling
Authors: Bai Peiyuan , Lyu Luheng , Yu Tingting , Zuo Caojian , Fu Jie , He Yuhu , Wan Qiangyou , Wan Naifu , Jia Daile , Lyu Ankang 
Published: January 2019

Objective—
Macrophages participate in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Lgmn (Legumain), a newly discovered cysteine proteinase belonging to the C13 peptidase family, is primarily expressed in macrophages; however, its roles in PAH remain unknown.

Approach and Results—
Herein, Lgmn was upregulated in lung tissues of PAH mice subjected to hypoxia plus SU5416 and PAH rats challenged with monocrotaline. Global Lgmn ablation and macrophage-specific ablation alleviated PAH compared with wild-type mice, evident from a reduction in right ventricular systolic pressure, the ratio of the right ventricular wall to the left ventricular wall plus the septum, the pulmonary vascular media thickness, and pulmonary vascular muscularization. Increased expression of ECM (extracellular matrix) proteins was correlated with MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2 activation and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1 signaling in the PAs. Although Lgmn did not affect inflammatory cell infiltration and PA smooth muscle cell proliferation, it drove increased the synthesis of ECM proteins via MMP-2 activation. MMP-2 hydrolyzed the TGF-β1 precursor to the active form. An Lgmn-specific inhibitor markedly ameliorated PAH. Clinically, serum Lgmn levels were closely associated with the severity of idiopathic PAH.

Conclusions—
Our results indicate that Lgmn inhibition could be an effective strategy for preventing or delaying PAH.
Descriptions of two new species of Augerella Gupta (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) from Vietnam
Authors: PHAM NHI THI , BROAD GAVIN R. , LAMPE KARL-HEINZ 
Published: January 2019

Due to an unfortunate oversight the type depositories were omitted in the descriptions of Augerella achterbergi Pham, Broad et Lampe, and Augerella vriesi Pham, Broad et Lampe (Pham et al. 2010). The respective specimens are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, Netherlands (RMNH) and Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam (IEBR). In order to validate the descriptions of these two taxa, we reiterate the descriptions below.
"A Puny Thing Indeed"—Cheng V the Queen and the Constitutional Right to Trial by Jury
Authors: Simpson Amelia , Wood Mary 
Published: January 2019

On 5 October 2000, the High Court handed down its latest decision on the scope of s 80 of the Commonwealth Constitution. This note provides an overview of the decision and its importance, and offers a critique of the reasoning employed in the majority judgments.Section 80, variously described but commonly referred to as the trial by jury provision, “has led to some of the sharpest divisions of opinion in the history of this Court”. Whilst the decision in Cheng v The Queen (hereafter Cheng) confirms the interpretation given to s 80 in Kingswell v The Queen—which involved a challenge to the same provisions of the Customs Act 1901 (Cth)—some of the judges making up the majority in Cheng admitted to reservations about that interpretation. In addition, Kirby J and Gaudron J were vociferous in their disagreement with much of the majority's reasoning, which suggests that fundamental differences over the meaning of s 80 will continue to plague the Court into the future.
Rights, 'Dialogue' and Democratic Objections to Judicial Review
Authors: McDonald Leighton 
Published: January 2019

Since its inception the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has been criticised as undemocratic. It gave a small coterie of politically unaccountable judges the power to override the policy preferences of the people’s representatives. What’s more, the justification for this rested on the vagaries of rights, about which even the converted cannot reach agreement. Granted: parliamentary politics are not perfect. But, as John Ely famously argued, ‘we may grant until we're blue in the face that legislatures aren't wholly democratic, but that isn't going to make courts more democratic than legislatures.’
Peter Hogg and Allison Bushell have recently responded that this majoritarian objection to judicial review has been exaggerated – at least in the context of Canadian democracy. They claim that an empirical study of Charter cases and their legislative sequels falsifies the belief that the Supreme Court inevitably has the last word on rights. Judicial review is not a veto over politics but the beginning of a ‘dialogue’ about rights between courts and legislatures.
Electoral Law Symposium: An Introduction
Authors: Orr Graeme , Mercurio Bryan , Williams George 
Published: January 2019

This collection of articles, commentaries and book reviews, published here in the Federal Law Review, forms only the second symposium on electoral law published in Australia. Interest in how democratic choice is regulated and how elections are run – the rules of the game of electoral politics and the ways in which its dynamics intersect with those rules – is a staple of media debate and political science. Yet it is only beginning to emerge as a focus of sustained attention in the legal academy.In the Australian and New Zealand common law tradition, the law governing elections in particular and democracy in general has been historically subsumed, and to a degree lost, under the broader rubric of ‘constitutional law’. In part this has been imposed from without; a product of the dicing up of the discipline of law into broad doctrinal categories to suit the legal profession, a practice perpetuated by the dictates of the admission rules. However, it has also been the consequence of academic neglect: an overlooking of the potential of the field by legal scholars.
Rights Review in the High Court and the Cultural Limits of Judicial Power
Authors: Woods Robert 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHow are we to explain the High Court's reluctance to move into stronger forms of rights protection, as evinced by the disparity between its federalism and rights-based judicial review practices? It has been suggested that the federal and ‘rights’ provisions of the Constitution are equally indeterminate, calling into question the notion that the legal materials themselves compel a preference for one or another type of review. And the Court's record of rendering politically consequential decisions in its federalism jurisdiction suggests that political-institutional constraints may not preclude it from expanding its rights review powers. This article contends that the disparity in the Court's review practices can be explained only by way of a theory of judicial politics that is sensitive to notions of cultural as well as political constraint. It traces the historical emergence of an Australian politico-legal culture, before examining its role in restraining the further protection of constitutional rights.
Federalism and Subsidiarity: Principles and Processes in the Reform of the Australian Federation
Authors: Aroney Nicholas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe principle of subsidiarity offers a criterion for the rational allocation of roles within federations between federal and state governments. The principle states that ‘functions should be performed by the lowest level of government competent to do so effectively’. However, embedded in the principle is a hierarchy: there are ‘higher’ and there are ‘lower’ levels of government. This hierarchy suggests a point of view from which assessments of optimal allocation are to be made. The deeper question, therefore, is this: ‘who will decide for whom?’ The reform of a federal system turns not only on what principles are used, but on questions of process: who will decide what those principles require, and how will they go about doing it? A problem of path dependency lies at the heart of Australia's federal malaise. It is this problem that we need to be grappling with when considering the optimal design of the system. To do so, we need to consider not only the principles but also the processes by which the federal system is to be reformed. This paper draws on the comparative experience of Switzerland, Germany and Austria to provide guidance about how Australia's federal system might best be reformed.If we want to know how to change institutions, we must be attuned to the fact that there is frequently a mismatch between the initial aims of institution-builders and the contemporary value we attach to them.
Sharing Water from Transboundary Rivers: Limits on State Power
Authors: Webster Adam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDisputes between States of Australia over the sharing of the waters of rivers that flow through or form the boundary between two or more States (‘transboundary rivers’) have frequently been framed in terms of the ‘rights’ of the States. This article seeks to reframe the resolution of these disputes in terms of limits on State legislative and executive power. After reframing the problem in this way, the article first examines the scope of State legislative and executive power and its extraterritorial effect with respect to the regulation of transboundary rivers. Secondly, the article considers inconsistencies between the laws and regulations of two States with respect to transboundary rivers. Finally, constitutional implications and limits on State power are examined, with particular focus on whether there may be scope for the extension of the Melbourne Corporation principle to assist in the resolution of some transboundary river disputes.
The Statutory Right to Seek a Credit Contract Variation on the Grounds of Hardship: A History and Analysis
Authors: Ali Paul , Bourova Evgenia , Ramsay Ian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this article, we focus on one of the most important statutory protections for Australian consumers in financial hardship: the right to seek a variation of a credit contract contained in s 72 of the National Credit Code. We provide a comprehensive history of this right, which has been part of Australian consumer credit law since the 1970s. Over the years, it has evolved from a very limited right to seek an extension of time to pay a debt on grounds of illness and unemployment, to a broader provision that requires credit providers to comply with a prescribed process before they can commence enforcement action against a consumer who has sought a variation to their payment arrangements. We also undertake an analysis of the evolution of this right to demonstrate that despite improved understandings of the causes of financial hardship, it continues to envisage a middle-class subject with a strong awareness of their rights, and excludes some particularly vulnerable consumers. This right is also representative of a regulatory approach that envisages a limited role for consumer credit law, and does not sufficiently address the imbalance of bargaining power between the consumer and the credit provider. We argue for the imposition of an obligation to provide a minimum range of hardship assistance directly upon credit providers, as a means of addressing this imbalance and ensuring more meaningful protection for consumers in financial hardship.
The Problem of Uncertainty: An Empirical Analysis of Indeterminate Language and Ambiguous Provisions in Enterprise Agreements
Authors: Sutherland Carolyn 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAustralian enterprise agreements are intended to be simple documents that are easy for workers to understand and straightforward for businesses to apply. This article argues that simplicity is undermined when agreements contain indeterminate language and ambiguous provisions, since these features make it difficult to pin down the precise meaning of agreements. It presents findings from an empirical study that examines two forms of uncertainty in enterprise agreements: first, the use of vague, open-textured terms such as ‘reasonable’ and ‘practicable’; and, second, the inclusion of particular types of poorly drafted provisions that are difficult to interpret. The findings show that while the use of indeterminate terms increased over time, there was a substantial decline in the use of particular types of ambiguous provisions. The study also suggests that these outcomes have been influenced by two factors, legislative change and union involvement in bargaining. The findings add to our understanding of the nature of legal complexity and will provide the basis for a nuanced analysis of future proposals to reform the legislative framework for agreement-making.
The Referendum that Wasn't: Constitutional Recognition of Local Government and the Australian Federal Reform Dilemma
Authors: Brown A J , Kildea Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn 2010, the Commonwealth government proposed Australia's third attempt to give federal constitutional recognition to local government. In 2013, the government secured the passage through Parliament of a Constitution Alteration but, due to political events, and amid much controversy, the proposed amendment was not put to the people. This paper examines the merits and prospects for success of the proposed reform, with an eye to lessons for the future of local government's place in the federal system. It argues that the legal and constitutional cases for the alteration were strong, but limited, and poorly contextualised, theorised and articulated. We use public opinion evidence to conclude that had it proceeded, the referendum result would probably have been a third failure. These lessons are important for ongoing debate over sub-constitutional and constitutional reform to Australian intergovernmental relations, including questions of federal financial redistribution at the core of the proposal. Overall, the events of 2013 reinforce arguments that reforms to the position of local government, while important, should only be pursued as part of a holistic package of federal reform and renovation; and that more robust deliberative processes and principles must be adhered to before again attempting any constitutional reform.
The Evolution and Reform of Standing in Australian Administrative Law
Authors: Groves Matthew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe standing rule in administrative law requires parties to demonstrate that they have a special interest in the subject matter of the decision they wish to challenge in judicial review proceedings. This article examines the problems the special interest requirement has presented in judicial review, particularly to environmental groups, and how it has been liberalised in lower courts. The article then examines several possible reforms to standing and concludes that a standing rule should be retained but relaxed.
Is the High Court Mistaken about the Aim of Statutory Interpretation?
Authors: Smith Dale 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA central tenet of the High Court of Australia's account of statutory interpretation is that the aim when interpreting a statutory provision is to ascertain the meaning of the words contained in that provision. The goal of this article is to challenge that tenet, which I call “the meaning thesis”. I argue that the High Court's acceptance of the meaning thesis leaves it unable to account for important features of the practice of statutory interpretation. In particular, it struggles to account for the ways in which statutory provisions interact with other legal norms (including other statutory provisions), especially when those other norms are introduced into the law after the statutory provisions with which they interact. This, I argue, provides a powerful reason to abandon the meaning thesis. I conclude by briefly suggesting how we might begin to develop a more satisfactory account of statutory interpretation.