bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NFIX-Mediated Inhibition of Neuroblast Branching Regulates Migration Within the Adult Mouse Ventricular–Subventricular Zone
Authors: Zalucki Oressia , Harris Lachlan , Harvey Tracey J , Harkins Danyon , Widagdo Jocelyn , Oishi Sabrina , Matuzelski Elise , Yong Xuan Ling Hilary , Schmidt Hannes , Anggono Victor , Burne Thomas H J , Gronostajski Richard M , Piper Michael 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Understanding the migration of newborn neurons within the brain presents a major challenge in contemporary biology. Neuronal migration is widespread within the developing brain but is also important within the adult brain. For instance, stem cells within the ventricular–subventricular zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone of dentate gyrus of the adult rodent brain produce neuroblasts that migrate to the olfactory bulb and granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, respectively, where they regulate key brain functions including innate olfactory responses, learning, and memory. Critically, our understanding of the factors mediating neuroblast migration remains limited. The transcription factor nuclear factor I X (NFIX) has previously been implicated in embryonic cortical development. Here, we employed conditional ablation of Nfix from the adult mouse brain and demonstrated that the removal of this gene from either neural stem and progenitor cells, or neuroblasts, within the V-SVZ culminated in neuroblast migration defects. Mechanistically, we identified aberrant neuroblast branching, due in part to increased expression of the guanylyl cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (Npr2), as a factor contributing to abnormal migration in Nfix-deficient adult mice. Collectively, these data provide new insights into how neuroblast migration is regulated at a transcriptional level within the adult brain.
Modelling inherited cardiac disease using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: progress, pitfalls, and potential
Authors: van Mil Alain , Balk Geerthe Margriet , Neef Klaus , Buikema Jan Willem , Asselbergs Folkert W , Wu Sean M , Doevendans Pieter A , Sluijter Joost P G 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the past few years, the use of specific cell types derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has developed into a powerful approach to investigate the cellular pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Despite advances in therapy, heart disease continues to be one of the leading causes of death in the developed world. A major difficulty in unravelling the underlying cellular processes of heart disease is the extremely limited availability of viable human cardiac cells reflecting the pathological phenotype of the disease at various stages. Thus, the development of methods for directed differentiation of iPSCs to cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) has provided an intriguing option for the generation of patient-specific cardiac cells. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the currently published iPSC-CM models for hereditary heart disease is compiled and analysed. Besides the major findings of individual studies, detailed methodological information on iPSC generation, iPSC-CM differentiation, characterization, and maturation is included. Both, current advances in the field and challenges yet to overcome emphasize the potential of using patient-derived cell models to mimic genetic cardiac diseases.
Ecology and management of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L. syn. Q. borealis F. Michx.) in Europe: a review
Authors: Nicolescu Valeriu-Norocel , Vor Torsten , Mason William L , Bastien Jean-Charles , Brus Robert , Henin Jean-Marc , Kupka Ivo , Lavnyy Vasyl , La Porta Nicola , Mohren Frits , Petkova Krasimira , Rédei Károly , Štefančik Igor , Wąsik Radosław , Perić Sanja , Hernea Cornelia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNorthern red oak (Quercus rubra L. syn. Q. borealis F. Michx.) is a valuable broadleaved tree species originating from the eastern half of the USA and Canada. It was introduced to Europe in 1691 and currently covers over 350 000 ha, being found all over the continent, except the coldest part of Scandinavia. It is a fast-growing and valuable broadleaved tree due to its ecological characteristics, good wood properties and high economic value. Northern red oak prefers deep, loose, moderately humid and acid soils, without compact horizons and of at least moderate fertility. It does not grow well on dry, calcareous soils as well as waterlogged or poorly drained soils. It is either naturally regenerated using a group shelterwood system or planted using seedlings of European provenance, collected in certified seed stands. As northern red oak is light-demanding, its management should be ‘dynamic’ and includes heavy interventions (cleaning–respacing and thinning from above), in order to minimize crown competition between the final crop trees. These should produce large diameter trees for valuable end uses (e.g. veneer, solid furniture, lumber, etc.) within a rotation period generally of 80–100 years. The necessity for pruning (both formative and high) depends on the stand stocking at establishment, the subsequent silvicultural interventions as well as the occurrence of forking. The adaptation potential of northern red oak to predicted climate change, especially drought, seems to be higher than for European native oaks, the importance of the species is expected to increase in the future.
Respiratory Pathogens in Children 1 Month to 5 Years of Age Presenting With Undifferentiated Acute Respiratory Distress in 2 District-Level Hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Wilson Patrick T , Baiden Frank , Brooks Joshua C , Giessler Katie M , Apio Gavin , Punguyire Damien , Moresky Rachel T , Sylverken Justice , Nyarko-Jectey Kwadwo , Tagbor Harry , LaRussa Philip S 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ghanaian children (2176) aged <5 years who presented with undifferentiated acute respiratory distress were tested for respiratory pathogens using a BioFire FilmArray polymerase chain reaction assay. Rhinovirus and/or enterovirus was detected in 36% of the assays, respiratory syncytial virus in 11%, and parainfluenza in 7%. Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus were detected more frequently in the rainy season than in the dry season.
COach2Quit: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Personal Carbon Monoxide Monitor for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Krishnan Nandita , Elf Jessica L , Chon Sandy , Golub Jonathan E 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Mobile phone–based messaging support and biomarker feedback independently show evidence of increasing an individual’s likelihood of quitting smoking. However, the combination of these two strategies to facilitate smoking cessation has not been adequately explored.

Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial in Baltimore, Maryland, to assess the efficacy of COach2Quit, a smartphone application that provides exhaled carbon monoxide readings with message support. The primary outcome was self-reported and biochemically verified smoking cessation at 30-day follow-up. Secondary outcomes were reduction in smoking, motivation to quit, and engagement and satisfaction with COach2Quit. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted.

Results
Adult smokers were randomized 1:1 to receive brief advice and COach2Quit (intervention, n = 50) or brief advice only (control, n = 52). Thirteen participants were lost to follow-up. At 30-day follow-up, one participant in each arm quit smoking. Median change in carbon monoxide levels (in parts per million (ppm)) (intervention: −3.0 [interquartile range (IQR) −12.0, 2.0]; control: −2.5 [IQR −9.0, 2.0]) and median change in number of cigarettes smoked per day (intervention: −5.5 [IQR −14.0, −1.0]; control: −6.0 [IQR −10.0, −2.0]) was similar between study arms. There was no significant difference in mean percent change in the Reasons for Quitting scale score (intervention: 6.3 [95% confidence interval = −2.2% to 14.8%]; control: −3.6 [95% confidence interval = −9.2% to 2.1%]). A majority (n = 32, 91%) of participants liked having COach2Quit to help them quit smoking.

Conclusions
There were no significant differences in smoking cessation, smoking reduction, and motivation to quit between study arms. However, high satisfaction with the COach2Quit application indicates its feasibility and acceptability as a smoking cessation tool.

Implications
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Although counseling and pharmacotherapy are efficacious for smoking cessation, they are not easily accessible or desirable to all smokers, highlighting the need for identifying other interventions. There is evidence for the efficacy of mobile phone–based messaging support for smoking cessation. However, there is limited research on the efficacy of biomarker feedback, much less interventions that combine these two approaches. This research contributes to filling this gap and identifying novel interventions to facilitate smoking cessation.
Network Analysis Reveals the Latent Structure of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Authors: Strauss Gregory P , Esfahlani Farnaz Zamani , Galderisi Silvana , Mucci Armida , Rossi Alessandro , Bucci Paola , Rocca Paola , Maj Mario , Kirkpatrick Brian , Ruiz Ivan , Sayama Hiroki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrior studies using exploratory factor analysis provide evidence that negative symptoms are best conceptualized as 2 dimensions reflecting diminished motivation and expression. However, the 2-dimensional model has yet to be evaluated using more complex mathematical techniques capable of testing structure. In the current study, network analysis was applied to evaluate the latent structure of negative symptoms using a community-detection algorithm. Two studies were conducted that included outpatients with schizophrenia (SZ; Study 1: n = 201; Study 2: n = 912) who were rated on the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS). In both studies, network analysis indicated that the 13 BNSS items divided into 6 negative symptom domains consisting of anhedonia, avolition, asociality, blunted affect, alogia, and lack of normal distress. Separation of these domains was statistically significant with reference to a null model of randomized networks. There has been a recent trend toward conceptualizing the latent structure of negative symptoms in relation to 2 distinct dimensions reflecting diminished expression and motivation. However, the current results obtained using network analysis suggest that the 2-dimensional conceptualization is not complex enough to capture the nature of the negative symptom construct. Similar to recent confirmatory factor analysis studies, network analysis revealed that the latent structure of negative symptom is best conceptualized in relation to the 5 domains identified in the 2005 National Institute of Mental Health consensus development conference (anhedonia, avolition, asociality, blunted affect, and alogia) and potentially a sixth domain consisting of lack of normal distress. Findings have implications for identifying pathophysiological mechanisms and targeted treatments.
Between-School Ability Tracking and Ethnic Segregation in Secondary Schooling
Authors: Kruse Hanno 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Between-school ability tracking—the assignment of students to different school types based on their prior achievement—is usually associated with increased ethnic segregation across schools. This article argues that stronger between-school ability tracking is not only associated with stronger ethnic sorting into school types, thus increasing segregation. At the same time, it hampers majority flight, majority members’ avoidance of exposure to minority members, thus decreasing segregation. To identify the two-fold effect of tracking the article exploits a unique feature of the German secondary school system: regional variation in the strength of between-school ability tracking. Analyses rely on administrative data entailing geocoded information on all secondary schools in Germany in 2008/2009. Results corroborate expectations of a two-fold effect: there is indication that between-school ability tracking increases segregation via more sorting into tracks while at the same time decreasing it via less school sorting within each track and via less spatial sorting. This suggests that school reforms changing tracked school systems into more comprehensive school systems may have a weaker desegregating impact than expected.
Left Partisanship and Top Management Pay in Affluent Capitalist Democracies
Authors: Huo Jingjing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractComplementing the existing partisanship and income distribution literature that focuses on the earnings of all employees, this paper examines the effect of left government partisanship on top managers. Drawing on firm-level top executive compensation data across thirteen advanced industrialized countries, the paper shows that left government partisanship principally leads to lower CEO compensation, either through laws that enhance workers’ collective bargaining power vis-à-vis management or laws that allow shareholders to cast proxy votes on executive compensation (i.e., say-on-pay laws). Furthermore, I show that left government partisanship reduces CEO pay more heavily in those firms that more strongly favor labor’s competing stakeholders. In particular, left partisanship reduces executive compensation more heavily in firms that set aside more revenue for shareholders, managers, or creditors, that is, firms with higher asset return, stock return, or debt. These findings highlight how the macro-politics of rising top income inequality at the national level interacts with the micro-distributive conflicts at the firm level. In particular, financialization, such as the rise of the shareholder value revolution, may accentuate the impact of partisan politics against top income inequality.
Effects of high‐ and low‐dose aspirin on adaptive immunity and hypertension in the stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Khan Shanzana I. , Shihata Waled A. , Andrews Karen L. , Lee Man K. S. , Moore Xiao-Lei , Jefferis Ann-Maree , Vinh Antony , Gaspari Tracey , Dragoljevic Dragana , Jennings Garry L. , Murphy Andrew J. , Chin-Dusting Jaye P. F. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTDespite its well‐known antithrombotic properties, the effect of aspirin on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension pathology is unclear. The hugely varying doses used clinically have contributed to this confusion, with high‐dose aspirin still commonly used due to concerns about the efficacy of low‐dose aspirin. Because prostaglandins have been shown to both promote and inhibit T‐cell activation, we also explored the immunomodulatory properties of aspirin in hypertension. Although the common preclinical high dose of 100 mg/kg/d improved vascular dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy, this effect was accompanied by indices of elevated adaptive immunity, renal T‐cell infiltration, renal fibrosis, and BP elevation in stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and in angiotensin II‐induced hypertensive mice. The cardioprotective effects of aspirin were conserved with a lower dose (10 mg/kg/d) while circumventing heightened adaptive immunity and elevated BP. We also show that low‐dose aspirin improves renal fibrosis. Differential inhibition of the COX‐2 isoform may underlie the disparate effects of the 2 doses. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of low‐dose aspirin in treating a vast array of cardiovascular parameters and suggest modulation of adaptive immunity as a novel mechanism underlying adverse cardiovascular profiles associated with COX‐2 inhibitors. Clinical studies should identify the dose of aspirin that achieves maximal cardioprotection with a new awareness that higher doses of aspirin could trigger undesired autoimmunity in hypertensive individuals. This work also warrants an evaluation of high‐dose aspirin and COX‐2 inhibitor therapy in sufferers of inflammatory conditions who are already at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.—Khan, S. I., Shihata, W. A., Andrews, K. L., Lee, M. K. S., Moore, X.‐L., Jefferis, A.‐M., Vinh, A., Gaspari, T., Dragoljevic, D., Jennings, G. L., Murphy, A. J., Chin‐Dusting, J. P. F. Effects of high‐ and low‐dose aspirin on adaptive immunity and hypertension in the stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. FASEB J. 33, 1510–1521 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Vulvodynia in adolescents: presentation, diagnosis and treatment options
Authors: Hersh Judith E. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
Vulvodynia in adults is a significant source of genital and sexual pain with far reaching negative repercussions. Well designed studies with sufficient power in adults are limited and there are even fewer in adolescents. This review will help the clinician understand, diagnose and treat vulvodynia in adolescents based on current knowledge.

Recent findings
Although research on vulvodynia in adolescents is lacking, studies suggest that it not only exists but also may negatively impact an adolescent's medical and sexual health. This review will look at both historical approaches to vulvodynia, as well as more current approaches. It is important to note that no treatment modalities have been specifically approved for use in vulvodynia.

Summary
Vulvodynia in women is known to have significant impact on general health and sexual wellbeing. How early vulvodynia presents is unknown, but it appears that in at least some cases, it can be found in adolescents. Providers of adolescent care should have knowledge of this pain disorder so that they may appropriately diagnose and manage this multifactorial problem.
Bordetella pertussis Infection in Infants and Young Children in Shanghai, China, 2016–2017: Clinical Features, Genotype Variations of Antigenic Genes and Macrolides Resistance
Authors: Fu Pan , Wang Chuanqing , Tian He , Kang Zhihua , Zeng Mei 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The global resurgence of pertussis in countries with high vaccination coverage has been a concern of public health.

Methods:
Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for Bordetella pertussis culture from children with suspected pertussis. Clinical and vaccination information were reviewed through electronic medical chart and immunization record. Antibiotics susceptibility was evaluated using E-test for erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The MLST genotypes and 7 antigenic genes (ptxP, ptxA, ptxC, Prn, fim3, fim2 and tcfA) of Bordetella pertussis were identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing.

Results:
During January 2016 to September 2017, a total of 141 children 1–48 months of age were culture-confirmed with pertussis, of whom 98 (69.5%) were younger than 6 months, 25 (17.7%) had completed at least 3 doses of DTaP and 75 (53.2%) had a clear exposure to household members with persistent cough. Fully vaccinated cases manifested milder disease than unvaccinated and not-fully vaccinated cases. All strains were MLST2. High-virulent strains characteristic of ptxP3/prn2/ptxC2 constituted 41.1% (58/141) and were all susceptible to macrolides while low-virulent strains characteristic of ptxP1/prn1/ptxC1 constituted 58.9% (83/141) and 97.6% (81/83), respectively, were highly resistant to macrolides.

Conclusions:
Pertussis is resurging among infants and young children in Shanghai, and household transmission is the main exposure pathway. The high-virulent strains harboring ptxP3/prn2/ptxC2 and the macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis strains are quite prevalent. These issues impose a public health concern in Shanghai. Our findings are important to modify the DTaP vaccination strategy and the management guideline of pertussis in China.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Single Intravenous Doses of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam in Children With Proven or Suspected Gram-Negative Infection
Authors: Bradley John S. , Ang Jocelyn Y. , Arrieta Antonio C. , Larson Kajal B. , Rizk Matthew L. , Caro Luzelena , Yang Shan , Yu Brian , Johnson Matthew G. , Rhee Elizabeth G. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are a growing threat to children; thus new antibiotics are needed to treat infections caused by these pathogens. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is active against many Gram-negative pathogens and is approved for treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in adults, but has not been evaluated in children.

Methods:
This phase 1, noncomparative, open-label, multicenter study characterized the pharmacokinetics (by noncompartmental analysis), safety, and tolerability of single intravenous doses of ceftolozane/tazobactam in pediatric patients (birth [7 days postnatal] to < 18 years of age) with proven/suspected Gram-negative infection or receiving perioperative prophylaxis (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02266706). Patients were enrolled into 1 of 6 age groups to receive a single, age-based ceftolozane/tazobactam dose, with timed blood sample collection for determining plasma concentrations of ceftolozane and tazobactam. Safety and tolerability were also evaluated.

Results:
Thirty-seven patients received study drug; 34 were included in the pharmacokinetic population. Ceftolozane and tazobactam pharmacokinetic parameters were generally comparable for patients 3 months to < 18 years of age. Patients from birth (7 days postnatal) to < 3 months of age had lower clearance than older children, likely due to the immature renal function of these young infants. No deaths, study drug-related serious adverse events, or clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were observed after administration of ceftolozane/tazobactam.

Conclusions:
The doses evaluated in this study yielded ceftolozane/tazobactam exposure levels generally comparable with those in adults. Single doses of ceftolozane/tazobactam were well-tolerated, and no safety concerns were identified. These data informed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models to derive pediatric dose recommendations for phase 2 ceftolozane/tazobactam clinical trials.