bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of E-cigarette Sampling on Cigarette Dependence and Reinforcement Value
Authors: Smith Tracy T , Wahlquist Amy E , Heckman Bryan W , Cummings K Michael , Carpenter Matthew J 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Introduction
E-cigarettes have risen in prevalence in recent years, and most public health experts agree they deliver fewer toxicants than combustible tobacco products such as cigarettes. Thus, it is important to understand how use of e-cigarettes by current smokers impacts dependence on combustible cigarettes.

Methods
The present study is a secondary analysis of a randomized pilot trial of e-cigarette sampling. Nontreatment seeking current smokers were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to either receive or not receive a weekly supply of e-cigarettes for 3 weeks. Participants completed the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM) scale and the cigarette purchase task before and after the sampling period and at monthly follow-up visits for 3 months.

Results
Individuals assigned to receive an e-cigarette had significantly lower mean WISDM scores at the end of sampling and the end of the follow-up period compared with those in the control group. Both frequency of e-cigarette use as well as nicotine concentration of the e-cigarette given to smokers were significant predictors of changes in the mean WISDM score. E-cigarette sampling significantly reduced the demand parameter Omax, which measures the maximum amount of money participants estimate they would spend on cigarettes in a single day.

Conclusions
These data suggest that current smokers who try using an e-cigarette may experience reductions in dependence on combustible cigarettes.

Implications
The present analysis suggests that providing an e-cigarette to current cigarette smokers is likely to reduce cigarette dependence, especially if the e-cigarette delivers sufficient nicotine and is used frequently.
Subjective estimates of uncertainty during gambling and impulsivity after subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Paliwal Saee , Mosley Philip E. , Breakspear Michael , Coyne Terry , Silburn Peter , Aponte Eduardo , Mathys Christoph , Stephan Klaas E. 
Published: November 2018

1AbstractSubthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for Parkinson’s disease may modulate chronometric and instrumental aspects of choice behaviour, including motor inhibition, decisional slowing, and value sensitivity. However, it is not well known whether STN-DBS affects more complex aspects of decision-making, such as the influence of subjective estimates of uncertainty on choices. In this study, thirty-eight participants with Parkinson’s disease played a virtual casino prior to subthalamic DBS (whilst ‘on’ medication) and again, three-months postoperatively (whilst ‘on’ stimulation). At the group level, there was a small but statistically significant postoperative decrease in impulsivity, as quantified by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). The gambling behaviour of participants (bet increases, slot machine switches and double or nothing gambles) was associated with this self-reported measure of impulsivity. However, there was a large variance in outcome amongst participants, and we were interested in whether individual differences in subjective estimates of uncertainty (specifically, volatility) were related to differences in pre- and postoperative impulsivity. To examine these individual differences, we fit a computational model (the Hierarchical Gaussian Filter, HGF), to choices made during slot machine game play as well as a simpler reinforcement learning model based on the Rescorla-Wagner formalism. The HGF was superior in accounting for the behaviour of our participants, suggesting that participants incorporated beliefs about environmental uncertainty when updating their beliefs about gambling outcome and translating these beliefs into action. A specific aspect of subjective uncertainty, the participant’s estimate of the tendency of the slot machine’s winning probability to change (volatility), increased subsequent to DBS. Additionally, the decision temperature of the response model decreased post-operatively, implying greater stochasticity in the belief-to-choice mapping of participants. Model parameter estimates were significantly associated with impulsivity; specifically, increased uncertainty was related to increased postoperative impulsivity. Moreover, changes in these parameter estimates were significantly associated with the maximum post-operative change in impulsivity over a six month follow up period. Our findings suggest that impulsivity in persons with Parkinson’s disease may be influenced by subjective estimates of uncertainty (environmental volatility) and implicate a role for the subthalamic nucleus in the modulation of outcome certainty. Furthermore, our work outlines a possible approach to characterising those persons who become more impulsive after subthalamic DBS, an intervention in which non-motor outcomes can be highly variable.
Individual Behavioral and Physiological Responses During Different Experimental Situations – Consistency over Time and Effects of Context
Authors: Safryghin Alexandra , Hebesberger Denise V. , Wascher Claudia A.F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn a number of species, consistent behavioral differences between individuals have been described in standardized tests, e.g. novel object exploration, open field test. Different behavioral expressions are reflective of different coping strategies of individuals in stressful situations. A causal link between behavioral responses and the activation of the physiological stress response is assumed but not thoroughly studied. Also, most standard paradigms investigating individual behavioral differences, are framed in a fearful context, therefore the present study aimed to add a test in a more positive context, the feeding context. We assessed individual differences in physiological (heart rate, HR) and behavioral responses (presence or absence of pawing, startle response, defecation, snorting) of twenty domestic horses (Equus caballus) in two behavioral experiments, a novel object presentation and a pre-feeding excitement test. Experiments were conducted twice, in summer and autumn. Both experiments caused higher mean HR in the first ten seconds after stimulus presentation compared to a control condition, but mean HR did not differ between the experimental conditions. Interestingly, in the novel object experiment, horses displaying stress-related behaviors during the experiments also showed a significantly higher HR increase compared to horses which did not display any stress-related behaviors, reflecting a correlation between behavioral and physiological responses to the novel object. On the contrary, in the pre-feeding experiments, horses that showed fewer behavioral responses had a greater HR increase, indicating the physiological response being due to emotional arousal and not behavioral activity. Moreover, HR response to experimental situations varied significantly between individuals, and although we found HR to be significantly repeatable across experiments, repeatability indices were low. In conclusion, our findings show that horses’ behavioral and physiological responses differed between test situations and that high emotional reactivity, shown via mean HR and HR increase, is not always displayed behaviorally.
Partitioning index and non-structural carbohydrate dynamics among contrasting cassava genotypes under early terminal water stress
Authors: Duque Luis O. , Setter Tim L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTCassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz.) is a storage root crop of importance in tropical regions where periodic dry season and drought affect performance. Cassava genotypes that differ in performance in ecosystems with various water regimes were subjected to water stress during storage-root initiation and early development. Plants were grown in 50 kg pots in a screen house environment under well-watered and water stress for over a 120-day period. Water stress had a significant effect on most traits analyzed. However, relative water content, partitioning index and non-structural carbohydrates were unaffected. Tolerant genotypes had a higher partitioning index than susceptible genotypes during water stress, associated with a larger number of storage roots initiated and larger storage root biomass, while they were shorter and had less fibrous root biomass. Tolerant lines were indistinguishable from susceptible lines in above ground biomass. These findings suggest that early evaluation of storage root number, partitioning index, and associated traits at an early stage of cassava storage-root development could be an effective approach by which cassava genotypes are screened for favorable drought tolerance response.
A giant ankyrin-B mechanism for neuro-diversity/divergence through stochastic ectopic axon projections
Authors: Yang Rui , Walder-Christensen Kathryn K. , Kim Namsoo , Wu Danwei , Lorenzo Damaris , Badea Alexandra , Gu Shen , Streff Haley , Soler-Alfonso Claudia , Meng Linyan , Wetsel William C , Jiang Yong-Hui , Yin Henry , Bennett Vann 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTANK2is a high-confidence autism spectrum disorder (ASD) gene where affected individuals exhibit diverse symptoms with a wide range of IQ. We report a cellular mechanism resulting in stochastic brain connectivity that provides a rationale for both gain and loss of function due toANK2mutation. Deficiency of giant ankyrin-B (ankB), the neurospecificANK2mutation target, results in ectopic CNS axon tracts associated with increased axonal branching. We elucidate a mechanism limiting axon branching, whereby giant ankB is recruited by L1CAM to periodic axonal plasma membrane domains where it coordinates cortical microtubules and prevents microtubule stabilization of nascent axon branches. Heterozygous giant ankB mutant mice exhibit innate social deficits combined with normal/enhanced cognitive function. Thus, giant ankB-deficiency results in gain of aberrant structural connectivity with penetrant behavioral consequences that may contribute to both high and low-function ASD and other forms of neurodiversity/divergence.
TMS-evoked EEG potentials from prefrontal and parietal cortex: reliability, site specificity, and effects of NMDA receptor blockade
Authors: Rogasch Nigel C. , Zipser Carl , Darmani Ghazaleh , Mutanen Tuomas P. , Biabani Mana , Zrenner Christoph , Desideri Debora , Belardinelli Paolo , Müller-Dahlhaus Florian , Ziemann Ulf 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTMeasuring the brain’s response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with electroencephalography (EEG) offers a unique insight into the local cortical circuits and networks activated following stimulation, particularly in non-motor regions where less is known about TMS physiology. However, the mechanisms underlying TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs) remain largely unknown. We assessed TEP reliability, site-specificity, and sensitivity to changes in excitatory neurotransmission mediated by n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors following stimulation of non-motor regions. In fourteen male volunteers, resting EEG and TEPs from prefrontal (PFC) and parietal (PAR) cortex were measured before and after administration of either dextromethorphan (an NMDA receptor antagonist) or placebo across two sessions separated by at least a week in a double-blinded pseudo-randomised crossover design. At baseline, TEPs showed lower within-than between-subject variability for both stimulation sites across sessions, demonstrating the reliability of non-motor TEPs within individuals. There were differences in amplitude between PFC and PAR TEPs across a wide time range (15-250 ms), however the signals were correlated after ~80 ms, suggesting that early peaks reflect site-specific activity, whereas late peaks reflect activity patterns less dependent on the stimulated sites. TEPs were not altered following dextromethorphan compared to placebo, however low frequency resting oscillations were reduced in power. Our findings suggest that TEPs from PFC and PAR: 1) are reliable within and variable between individuals; 2) reflect stimulation site specific activity across early time periods (<80 ms); and 3) are not sensitive to changes in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission.
Proposed methodology for coating defect and location in buried pipelines from frequency signal data applied in field conditions
Authors: Castaneda Homero , Alamilla Jorge , Liu Hongbo , Espinosa-Medina Marco Antonio Antonio , Sosa Eliceo 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a real-time methodology to detect damages in coating and metallic structure in buried pipelines by using DC bias added to AC signal under field operation conditions, including cathodic protection.

Design/methodology/approach
Impedance measurements were performed on buried pipeline for different field conditions, to develop a methodology to detect and locate damages by impedance distribution along the metallic structure.

Findings
Field condition measurements were conducted as a pilot test on a buried steel pipeline segment with a diameter of 16 inches and length of 20 km. The frequency-based technology shows some differences but overall good behavior between impedance magnitudes vs localization of the interface changes at the soil-coating-steel interface at different frequencies using DC bias added to AC signal under field operation conditions, including cathodic protection.

Research limitations/implications
The methodology is not applicable to highly resistive soil or high degradation coatings.

Practical implications
In this work, we depict a methodology that describes real time monitoring technology for buried metallic structures using AC signal. This monitoring is capable to detect and locate real time damage occurrences on the pipe surface (coating break). Field measurements include different conditions, such as temperature, soil resistivity and soil physical structure and chemical composition.

Social implications
In consideration of the satisfied application in the field of the methodology, it is believed that it can be used for the monitoring of damages in pipes in areas with high consequences and hence pipe integrity can be increased.

Originality/value
This real-time methodology is based on the impedance distribution signal and the differential changes along the pipeline under operating conditions. The results showed good agreement with the proposed methodology, which is able to discriminate some situations inherent of field conditions by using different impedance measurements performed along ±10 km of buried steel pipeline and assuming the reference location as the cathodic protection set up.
How different CSR dimensions impact organization-employee relationships
Authors: Chen Zifei Fay , Hong Cheng , Occa Aurora 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Drawing on interdisciplinary insights from stakeholder theory, relationship management and organizational justice, the purpose of this paper is to examine corporate social responsibility (CSR) from an internal and relational perspective. Specifically, it examines the effects of CSR in overall as well as the discretionary, ethical, legal and economic CSR dimensions on organization–employee relationships, respectively. The moderating role of employees’ perceived CSR-culture fit on these effects was also explored.

Design/methodology/approach
An online survey was conducted with 303 participants from the USA who were full-time employees at for-profit organizations.

Findings
Results indicate that CSR performance in overall positively influences organization–employee relationships, and such effect is amplified as employees’ perceived CSR-culture fit increases. Discretionary and ethical CSR positively influence organization–employee relationships, but perceived CSR-culture fit only amplifies the influence from ethical CSR. For legal and economic CSR, the effects on organization–employee relationships are only significant when perceived CSR-culture fit is high.

Research limitations/implications
This study extends the body of knowledge of CSR and internal relationship management. However, the limitations regarding the factors from culture, business sectors and organizational setting should be addressed in future studies through both quantitative and qualitative approaches.

Originality/value
This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the effects from four different CSR dimensions on organization–employee relationships as well as how such effects were moderated by employees’ perceived CSR-culture fit. Integrating interdisciplinary theoretical frameworks, this study offers insights for corporate communications and public relations professionals on how to effectively build and cultivate relationships with employees through different dimensions of CSR.
A new approach for steady state analysis of three-phase SEIG feeding single-phase load
Authors: Benhacine Tarek Zine Eddine , Nesba Ali , Mekhtoub Said , Ibtiouen Rachid 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to deal with a modified-based approach for the evaluation of the steady state performances of three-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) feeding single-phase load.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the symmetrical components method, the proposed approach is based on a modified model of unbalanced three-phase SEIG, which is formulated similarly to the well-known model of balanced three-phase SEIG. Owing to this modified model, the determination of the SEIG operating point amounts to the resolution of two semi-decoupled nonlinear equations for two unknowns; the magnetizing reactance and the per-unit frequency. A simple resolution method based on an iterative two-step technique is used. The results obtained by the proposed approach are compared with those given by a conventional approach and are validated experimentally.

Findings
The proposed approach is as accurate as the conventional approach. Further, for the same accuracy degree, the proposed approach permits to speed up the resolution when compared to the conventional approach, as only few iterations are required for the convergence. The proposed approach was also successfully used for the steady state analysis of SEIG under generalized unbalanced loading conditions.

Practical implications
The determination of the operating point of the generator is based on a modified model of the generator and a simple iterative resolution method. The calculation technique can be implemented on low resource controller to provide online voltage control of the SEIG.

Originality/value
The paper contains two main originalities. The first one consists in a modified formulation of the SEIG model under unbalanced loading conditions. The modified formulation permits the use of the well-known model of balanced three-phase SEIG. Unlike previous ones reported in the literature, the proposed model does not require tedious algebraic manipulations. The second originality is the use of two-step technique to solve the equations, which permits to avoid laborious mathematical derivations and manipulating high-order polynomials.
Strategic talent management: creating strategic value by placing top talents in key positions
Authors: Schreuder Rino , Noorman Simon 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to argue that traditional talent management practices cannot lead to organizational excellence.

Design/methodology/approach
On the basis of their extensive HR-experience, the authors analyze common talent management practices and demonstrate the need for a different approach.

Findings
Strategic talent management should align and mutually reinforce business development and personal development to enhance strategic success.

Research limitations/implications
Increasing dynamics and agility in business require HR-professionals to really master strategic thinking and practices and develop themselves as true participants in strategy development.

Practical implications
Talent managers should start thinking in terms of strategic capabilities for the organization.

Social implications
Strategic talent management starts with the where and what of the work that has to be done and only then looks at who.

Originality/value
The paper introduces the new concept of A-positions where top talents and strategic organizational capabilities can reinforce each other.
Neuro-what? Which neuroscience products should you take seriously?
Authors: Merzenich Michael 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Discovery in the field of neuroscience is rapid and keeping pace can be overwhelming. This paper aims to summarize the history of how the field has developed and provides seven key questions you should ask when assessing the validity of “neuro” products and services.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on the author’s five decades of experience as a neuroscientist.

Findings
Developments in neuroscience can assist organizations to deliver more effective OD and learning and development (L&D) interventions. It is, however, critical to identify well-researched and evidenced products and services.

Originality/value
Neuroscience is developing at a high speed our understanding of the brain. This paper provides L&D professionals with a set of principles on which to assess the voracity of what they are offered, to sort the wheat from the chaff.
An audit of innovation drivers: some empirical findings in Greek agri-food firms
Authors: Kafetzopoulos Dimitrios , Skalkos Dimitris 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model and examine the relevance of a set of five dynamic drivers to building and sustaining the innovation capability of agri-food firms.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical data were acquired through a recent study of 436 Greek agri-food firms. Regression analysis was employed to examine the correlation between innovation drivers and each of the four innovation capability dimensions, namely, product innovation, process innovation, organizational innovation and marketing innovation.FindingsThe findings verify that quality orientation and process management are the two most important innovation drivers. However, the impact of learning orientation, collaborations and environmental dynamism on a firm’s agri-food innovation capability is yet to be investigated.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has not investigated how firms’ characteristics form the drivers and barriers to innovation at the company. Moreover, a second limitation is related to the kind of innovation that drivers boost. This research does not separate between radical and incremental innovation.Practical implicationsIn order to maintain their sustainable development and enhance their whole innovation capability, agri-food firms should closely relate their innovation capability dimensions to the formulation of a strategy and harmonization of innovation and innovation drivers’ activities.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper is that it develops an appropriate research framework (a proposed structural model) for examining the links among the five innovation drivers with each of the four innovation capability dimensions.