bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of neopterin and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase activity in patients with seasonal influenza: A pilot study
Authors: Pizzini Alex , Kurz Katharina , Santifaller Janine , Tschurtschenthaler Christoph , Theurl Igor , Fuchs Dietmar , Weiss Günter , Bellmann‐Weiler Rosa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeasonal influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immune activation after stimulation with interferon‐gamma leads to increased production of neopterin but also results in increased tryptophan catabolism through indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO). Our pilot study determined neopterin serum levels and IDO activity in patients with influenza infection and investigated whether neopterin is linked to clinical outcome parameters (mortality ≤30 days, acute cardiac events (ACE) length of hospitalization, ICU admission).MethodsNeopterin concentrations were analyzed in serum samples of 40 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of influenza infection and in‐hospital treatment for >24 hours. Data were compared to values of 100 healthy blood donors and 48 age‐matched pneumonia patients. In a subgroup of 14 patients, tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations, as well as kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio, were analyzed.ResultsIn all influenza patients, neopterin concentrations were increased and significantly higher compared to those determined in patients with pneumonia and healthy controls. Positive correlations between the duration of hospitalization and neopterin were found. Significantly higher levels of kynurenine, kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio, and lower levels of tryptophan were seen in influenza patients compared to healthy controls.ConclusionsNeopterin seems to be related to the course of the disease and could be a valuable biomarker to identify patients at an elevated risk of a worsened outcome; however, further prospective validation studies are needed to support the here presented preliminary results.
Risk factors for the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers among diabetic patients: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Ze‐Hao , Li Si‐Qing , Kou Yan , Huang Lei , Yu Ting , Hu Ailing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to systematically review and identify the risk factors for the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) among diabetic patients. PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, and VIP databases were electronically searched to identify eligible studies updated to January 2019 to collect case‐control studies or cohort studies on the risk factors for the recurrence of DFUs. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. A meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Nine retrospective cohort studies were included, in which 1426 patients were enrolled, 542 in the DFU recurrence group and 884 in the non‐recurrent DFU group. Risk factors for the recurrence of DFUs included male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07‐1.78, P < .05), smoking (OR = 1.66, 95% CI, 1.26‐2.20, P = .0004), duration of diabetes (OR = 4.43, 95% CI, 1.96‐6.90, P = .0004), duration of past DFUs (OR = 1.02, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.03, P = .006), plantar ulcers (OR = 5.31, 95% CI, 4.93‐5.72, P <.00001), peripheral artery disease (OR = 1.65, 95% CI, 1.20‐2.28, P = .002), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (OR = 2.15, 95% CI, 1.40‐3.30, P = .0005). No significant differences were found in age, body mass index, total cholesterol, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, or hypertension. Health care staff should pay attention to the identified risk factors for the recurrence of DFUs. Because of the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, rigorous studies with adequate sample sizes are needed to verify the conclusion.
When prejudice against you hurts others and me: The case of ageism at work
Authors: Paleari F. Giorgia , Brambilla Maria , Fincham Frank D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAgeism in the workplace has documented detrimental consequences for its victims, but its effects on those who hold ageist views are rarely investigated. A cross‐sectional study and a longitudinal study examined ageism toward both younger and older workers and its relation to intergroup contact, work behaviors, organizational identification, and the well‐being of prejudiced individuals. It was hypothesized that ageism would predict prejudiced individuals’ behaviors toward co‐workers, identification with their organization, and vitality at work, indirectly through intergroup anxiety and quality of intergroup contact. Overall, 647 employees aged 24–62 years provided data on the variables of interest. Both studies suggested that ageist views worsened the quality of intergroup contact, which in turn increased counterproductive behaviors toward co‐workers and decreased identification with the organization. Moreover, ageism marginally predicted vitality at work longitudinally through the mediation of quality of intergroup contact. No support emerged for the mediational role of intergroup anxiety. Theoretical explanations for these findings and their practical implications are discussed.
The effect of acute coronary syndrome care pathways on in‐hospital patients: A systematic review
Authors: Daghash Hanan , Lim Abdullah Khatijah , Ismail Muhammad Dzafir 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundHealth care institutions need to construct management strategies for patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that focus on evidence‐based treatments, adherence to treatment guidelines, and organized care. These help to reduce variations as well as the mortality and morbidity rates, which indicates the critical need for standardized care and adherence to evidence‐based practices for patients hospitalized with ACS. The care pathways translate research and guidelines into clinical practice to close the gap between the guidelines and the clinical practices.ObjectivesThis review focuses on identifying the indicators used to evaluate ACS care pathways and their effect on the care process and clinical outcomes.MethodsThis review follows the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic research was conducted using five research databases. Two groups were created by dividing the studies according to their year of publication. The first group included those studies published from 1997 to 2007 (“Group 1”), while the second included those published from 2008 to 2018 (“Group 2”). Selected studies were screened using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool.ResultsSeventeen studies were included in this review. One study was a randomized controlled trial, 14 were predesigns and postdesigns, and two were longitudinal observational designs. The Group 1 studies demonstrated that ACS care pathways had a positive effect on reducing the length of the hospital stay and the door‐to‐balloon times. Similar effects were observed for the Group 2 studies.ConclusionImplementing ACS care pathway helps to organize care processes and decrease treatment delays as well as improve the patient outcomes without adverse consequences for patients or additional resources and costs. While the current level of evidence is inadequate to warrant a formal recommendation, there is a need for more studies with an emphasis on well‐designed randomization to measure patient outcomes.
Strategies for implementing shared decision making in elective surgery by health care practitioners: A systematic review
Authors: Pham Clarabelle , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Karnon Jonathan , Aromataris Edoardo , Munn Zachary , Gibb Catherine , Fitridge Robert , Maddern Guy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesTo summarize relevant international scientific evidence on strategies aimed at facilitating or improving health care practitioners' adoption of shared decision making in elective surgery. The review evaluated the effectiveness of these strategies and described the characteristics of identified strategies.MethodA systematic search of the literature was conducted up to March 2019. The review included interventions that targeted patients, health care practitioners, or health systems/organizations. Main outcomes were measures of decision process and decision outcomes. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, assessed methodological quality and extracted data.ResultsFifteen randomized controlled trials, one pseudo‐randomized controlled trial, and four quasi‐experimental studies were included in this review. The heterogeneity of interventions and the variability of outcomes used to measure the impact of these interventions precluded meta‐analysis. All of the interventions included an educational component regarding the medical condition of interest and available treatment options and a supportive component to encourage patients to ask questions and involve themselves in the decision making. Published evidence on shared decision‐making interventions in elective surgery is most prevalent in the breast cancer/endocrine and urology specialties, with most studies targeting their shared decision‐making interventions at the patient population. The use of multiple media components within an intervention including interactive video appeared to improve patient satisfaction with the shared decision‐making process.ConclusionsThe use of well‐developed educational information provided through interactive multimedia, computer or DVD based, may enhance the decision‐making process. The evidence suggests that such multimedia can be used prior to the surgical consultation, presenting medical and surgical information relevant to the upcoming consultation. A decision and communication aid also appears to be an effective method to support the surgeon in patient participation and involvement in the decision‐making process.
Incidence and associated risk factors for falls in adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Ho P. , Bulsara M. , Patman S. , Downs J. , Bulsara C. , Hill A.‐M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disability (ID) experience age‐related changes earlier in life, and as such, falls among people with ID are of serious concern. Falls can cause injury and consequently reduce quality of life. Limited studies have investigated the incidence of falls among people with ID and the associated risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of falls and risk factors for falling in people with ID living in the community.MethodsA prospective observational cohort (n = 78) of community‐dwelling adults with ID. Characteristics measured at baseline included falls history, medication use, balance and mobility. Falls were reported for 6 months using monthly calendars and phone calls. Data were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify risk factors associated with falling.ResultsParticipants [median (interquartile range) age 49 (43–60) years, female n = 32 (41%)] experienced 296 falls, with 36 (46.2%) participants having one or more falls. The incidence of falls was 5.7 falls (injurious falls = 0.8) per person year (one outlier removed from analysis). A history of falls [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 6.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.90–21.34)] and being ambulant [adjusted OR: 4.50, 95% CI (1.15–17.67)] were associated with a significantly increased risk of falling. Falls were significantly less frequent among participants taking more than four medications [adjusted OR: 0.22, 95% CI (0.06–0.83)] and participants who were continent [adjusted OR: 0.25, 95% CI (0.07–0.91)].ConclusionsPeople with ID fall at a younger age compared with the broader community. The associated falls risk factors also differ to older community‐dwelling adults. Health professionals should prioritise assessment and management of falls risk in this population.
Cervical Disc and Ligamentous Injury in Hyperextension Trauma: MRI and Intraoperative Correlation
Authors: Henninger Benjamin , Kaser Verena , Ostermann Stefanie , Spicher Anna , Zegg Michael , Schmid Rene , Kremser Christian , Krappinger Dietmar 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSETo identify and evaluate diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features in patients with suspicion of discoligamentous cervical injury after hyperextension trauma of the cervical spine.METHODSMR images with a standard protocol (1.5 T, including sagittal T2‐weighted images and short tau inversion recovery [STIR]) in 21 patients without any sign of fracture or instability on multidetector computed tomography of the cervical spine were assessed. Among other structures we evaluated the following: prevertebral hematoma, anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), intervertebral disc, and spinal cord. Presence and the anatomic level of injury were identified and recorded. Results were then compared with intraoperative findings as a reference standard. Simple descriptive statistical analysis, agreement coefficients (given by calculating the percent agreement), and the determination of Gwet's AC1 coefficient were used to analyze our results.RESULTSThe overall percent agreement between STIR and intraoperative findings was 90.9% (AC1 = .881) and for T2 69.7% (AC1 = .498). For the ALL, the overall agreement was 87.9% (AC1 = .808) and for the intervertebral disc 78.8% (AC1 = .673), in which STIR always showed a higher agreement. Prevertebral hematoma was found in 20 of 21 patients with the maximum thickness at the same anatomic level as the intraoperatively proven lesion in 12 of 18 patients (67%). Edema and/or hemorrhage of the spinal cord was shown in 16 of 21 being at the same anatomic level as the intraoperatively confirmed pathology in 16 of 16 patients (100%).CONCLUSIONSMRI is a reliable tool for the evaluation of discoligamentous injuries in the cervical spine, with ancillary features proven as helpful information.
The symptom experience of adolescents with concussion
Authors: Hodges Amanda , Ameringer Suzanne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeThe incidence of concussions in adolescents has increased in recent years. Concussion causes an array of symptoms that can interfere with the daily life of an adolescent, yet the symptoms and recovery vary greatly. Concussion management is based on expert consensus guidelines but they are not specific for adolescents and it is unclear how adolescents actually manage their symptoms. This study aimed to describe the symptom experience of adolescents with a concussion and their self‐management strategies.Design and MethodsThe study used a qualitative design to explore the symptom experiences of adolescents. Ten adolescents aged 14–17 years were recruited from a concussion clinic. Using a semi‐structured interview, adolescents were asked about their concussion symptoms, the interference with their daily life, and their symptom self‐management strategies. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.ResultsAdolescents reported 17 different symptoms they experienced following their concussion. All of the adolescents reported a headache but descriptions varied. The symptoms interfered with many aspects of their daily life including school and activities. The majority of the school responses were related to difficulties attending school and learning (n = 21). The self‐management strategies were organized into 11 categories. The most common strategies fell under three categories: rest (n = 20), controlling the environment (n = 20), and using motivational thoughts and activities (n = 9).Practice ImplicationsThis study indicates that adolescents experience multiple symptoms after their concussion and use a variety of strategies to manage the symptoms. Each adolescent had a unique symptom experience, highlighting the need for developing personalized concussion management plans. Nurses can coordinate the development of management plans and provide education about managing concussion symptoms and promoting recovery.
Trends in chronic hepatitis B prevalence in Australian women by country of birth, 2000 to 2016
Authors: He Wen‐Qiang , Duong Minh Cuong , Gidding Heather , MacLachlan Jennifer , Wood James , Kaldor John M. , Liu Bette 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRoutine antenatal screening for chronic hepatitis B (HBV) in countries with high migrant populations provides an opportunity to monitor trends in HBV prevalence and can inform estimates locally and in countries with limited seroprevalence data. We linked perinatal birth register records with HBV notifications in the largest Australian state, over the period 2000‐2016. Among women aged 15‐44 years, we estimated age‐standardized chronic HBV prevalence overall and by country of birth and also estimated trends in age‐standardized HBV prevalence over time using regression modelling. Among 903 831 women, 8001 linked to a chronic HBV infection record (overall age‐standardized prevalence 0.76%, 95% CI: 0.74‐0.78). Prevalence varied by country of birth with the highest estimates among women born in Sierra Leone (11.13%, 95% CI: 8.29‐13.96), Taiwan (8.08%, 95% CI: 6.74%‐9.43%), Cambodia (7.47%, 95% CI: 6.50%‐8.45%) and Vietnam (7.36%, 95% CI: 6.97%‐7.75%); more moderate estimates among women from North Korea (2.76%, 95% CI: 1.99‐3.53) and Samoa (2.64%, 95% CI: 1.99%‐3.29%); prevalence was 0.18% (95% CI: 0.17‐0.19) in Australian‐born women. Over 17 years, there were significant reductions in HBV prevalence among all women (from 0.88% in 2000 to 0.57% in 2016; P < .0001). Among women from high prevalence countries, the greatest absolute reductions were observed among those from Taiwan (10.1%, P < .001) followed by Tonga (5.4%, P < .001), whereas no reductions were observed for women born in Vietnam (P = .08), South Korea (P = .41) and Sudan (P = .06). In conclusion, routine antenatal HBV testing can be used to inform HBV prevalence estimates and vaccine programme impact in countries with limited surveillance and high migration to Australia.
Presence of cerebrospinal fluid antibodies associated with autoimmune encephalitis of humans in dogs with neurologic disease
Authors: Stafford Emma G. , Kortum Amanda , Castel Aude , Green Lauren , Lau Jeanie , Early Peter J. , Muñana Karen R. , Mariani Christopher L. , Yoder Jeffrey A. , Olby Natasha J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPresumed autoimmune diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of dogs are common. In people, antibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens that are associated with a wide variety of neurological syndromes have been identified. The presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) autoantibodies that target neuronal cell surface proteins has not been reported in dogs with neurologic disorders.ObjectivesAutoantibodies to neuronal cell surface antigens can be found in the CSF of dogs with inflammatory CNS disease. Our aim was to determine whether 6 neuronal cell surface autoantibodies were present in the CSF of dogs diagnosed with inflammatory and noninflammatory CNS disease.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs with CNS disease and complete diagnostic evaluation including magnetic resonance imaging and CSF analysis were included. One healthy dog was included as a negative control.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid was tested for 6 antigenic targets with a commercially available indirect immunofluorescence assay test kit.ResultsThere were 32 dogs with neurological disease, 19 diagnosed with inflammatory disease (encephalitis and meningitis), 10 with noninflammatory disease (neoplasia, intervertebral disk disease, degenerative myelopathy, and epilepsy), 2 with no diagnosis, and 1 with neoplasia and meningoencephalitis. Anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) antibodies were detected in 3 dogs (3/32; 9.38%). All 3 dogs responded to treatment of meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFurther evaluation of the prevalence and clinical relevance of CSF and serum antibodies to neuronal cell surface antigens is warranted. Defining antigenic targets associated with encephalitis in dogs might allow diagnostic categorization of MUE antemortem.
Evaluation of combined testing to simultaneously diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and insulin dysregulation in horses
Authors: Horn Remona , Bertin François‐René 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test and the 2‐step insulin sensitivity test are commonly used methods to diagnose, respectively, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and insulin dysregulation (ID).ObjectivesTo investigate the diagnostic value of combining the TRH stimulation test and the 2‐step insulin sensitivity test to diagnose PPID and ID simultaneously.AnimalsTwenty‐seven adult horses, 10 control horses without PPID or ID, 5 horses with PPID only, 5 horses with ID only, and 7 horses with PPID and ID.MethodsRandomized prospective study. Horses underwent a TRH stimulation test alone, a 2‐step insulin sensitivity test alone, and combined testing with simultaneous TRH and insulin injection in the same syringe. Data were compared by 2‐way repeated measures analysis of variance and 2 1‐sided tests to demonstrate equivalence. Bland‐Altman plots were generated to visualize agreement between combined and independent testing.ResultsThe effect of combined testing on plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone, blood glucose concentration, or percentage decrease in blood glucose concentration was not significantly different from the effect obtained with independent testing. One control horse appeared falsely positive for PPID, 2 PPID‐only horses appeared falsely positive for ID, and 1 PPID and ID horse appeared falsely negative for ID when tests were performed simultaneously. Bland‐Altman plots supported the agreement between combined and independent testing.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCombining the TRH stimulation test and the 2‐step insulin sensitivity test appears to be a useful diagnostic tool for equine practitioners in the field, allowing testing of a horse for both PPID and ID simultaneously.
Endorsement and assertion
Authors: Fleisher Will 
Published: September 2019

AbstractScientists, philosophers, and other researchers commonly assert their theories. This is surprising, as there are good reasons for skepticism about theories in cutting‐edge research. I propose a new account of assertion in research contexts that vindicates these assertions. This account appeals to a distinct propositional attitude called endorsement, which is the rational attitude of committed advocacy researchers have to their theories. The account also appeals to a theory of conversational pragmatics known as the Question Under Discussion model, or QUD. Hence, I call the theory the EQUD model. Motivating this account is a recognition that the speech act of assertion has two roles to play in research contexts. The first is the advocacy role, in which researchers assert a theory in order to advocate for it. The second is the evidential role, which is used to add to the common stock of information available to a field of inquiry. The EQUD model provides an account of warranted assertion for both these roles in research contexts. This success provides support for the theory of endorsement. It also provides support for information updating accounts of assertion.