bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High diabetes prevalence and insulin medication errors in hospital patients
Authors: Taylor Joanne E. , Campbell Lesley V. , Zhang Lulu , Greenfield Jerry R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe conducted three single‐day point type 2 diabetes prevalence surveys of all inpatient clinical records in November 2013, 2014 and 2016. The prevalence of diabetes was 19.7–25.3%. The majority (63.4–76%) had type 2 diabetes. Twenty‐one percent (n = 21) in 2013, 12% (n = 9) in 2014 and 22.6% (n = 21) in 2016 were diagnosed with diabetes during hospital admission; 41.8% (n = 41) in 2013, 46.7% (n = 35) in 2014 and 51.6% (n = 48) in 2016 required insulin. The high prevalence of diabetes among inpatients mandates active detection and specialist management of diabetes during the admission.
Permanent peritoneal ports for the management of recurrent malignant ascites: a retrospective review of safety and efficacy
Authors: Chen Benson S. , Wong Stephen H. C. , Hawkins Stewart , Huggins Linda 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLarge volume paracentesis is effective in relieving the symptoms of malignant ascites, but frequent procedures are often required. Permanent peritoneal ports are an alternative to repeated procedures. We describe our experience with the use of peritoneal ports in patients at Middlemore Hospital (Auckland, New Zealand) who had a port inserted for the drainage of malignant ascites. Twenty‐eight ports were inserted in 26 patients and accessed a total of 257 times with acceptably low rates of complications including cellulitis, peritonitis and wound dehiscence.
Bi0.5K0.5TiO3–CaTiO3 ceramics: Appearance of the pseudocubic structure and ferroelectric‐relaxor transition characters
Authors: Wei Yongxing , Zhang Ning , Jin Changqing , Zhu Weitong , Zeng Yiming , Xu Gang , Gao Ling , Jian Zengyun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, solid solution ceramics of (1−x)Bi0.5K0.5TiO3–xCaTiO3 (BKT‐CT, x = 0, 0.12, 0.15, 0.18, 0.21, and 0.25) were prepared. A phase transition from the tetragonal symmetry to the pseudocubic symmetry is discovered near x = 0.25. The reasons for the appearance of the pseudocubic phase were discussed. The compositions of x ≤ 0.21 show the ferroelectric ordering at room temperature. The remnant polarization (Pr) is 22.4 μC/cm2 for the x = 0.15 composition. The temperature dependence of the relative permittivity suggests two dielectric anomalies for x ≤ 0.18. The dielectric anomaly in the low‐temperature range is related to a spontaneous transition between the ferroelectric and relaxor states. The temperature (TF‐R) for the transition decreases with the CT addition, falling from 211°C for x = 0.12‐134°C for x = 0.18. Only one relaxor‐like dielectric anomaly was observed for x ≥ 0.21. The thin double ferroelectric hysteresis loops have been observed during the ferroelectric‐relaxor transition process for x ≥ 0.21. The maximum electrostrain (Sm) reaches 0.155% at 100°C for x = 0.21. The low‐temperature Raman measurement suggests the intrinsic tetragonal distortions for x = 0.25.
Ischaemia alters the effects of cardiomyocyte‐derived extracellular vesicles on macrophage activation
Authors: Almeida Paiva Rafael , Martins‐Marques Tania , Jesus Katia , Ribeiro‐Rodrigues Teresa , Zuzarte Monica , Silva Ana , Reis Liliana , da Silva Maria , Pereira Paulo , Vader Pieter , Petrus Gerardus Sluijter Joost , Gonçalves Lino , Cruz Maria Teresa , Girao Henrique 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMyocardial ischaemia is associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response, as well as with a deregulation of intercellular communication systems. Macrophages have been implicated in the maintenance of heart homeostasis and in the progression and resolution of the ischaemic injury. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between cardiomyocytes and macrophages remain largely underexplored. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players of cell‐cell communication in cardiac health and disease. Hence, the main objective of this study was to characterize the impact of cardiomyocyte‐derived EVs upon macrophage activation. Results obtained demonstrate that EVs released by H9c2 cells induced a pro‐inflammatory profile in macrophages, via p38MAPK activation and increased expression of iNOS, IL‐1β and IL‐6, being these effects less pronounced with ischaemic EVs. EVs derived from neonatal cardiomyocytes, maintained either in control or ischaemia, induced a similar pattern of p38MAPK activation, expression of iNOS, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10 and TNFα. Importantly, adhesion of macrophages to fibronectin was enhanced by EVs released by cardiomyocytes under ischaemia, whereas phagocytic capacity and adhesion to cardiomyocytes were higher in macrophages incubated with control EVs. Additionally, serum‐circulating EVs isolated from human controls or acute myocardial infarction patients induce macrophage activation.According to our model, in basal conditions, cardiomyocyte‐derived EVs maintain a macrophage profile that ensure heart homeostasis, whereas during ischaemia, this crosstalk is affected, likely impacting healing and post‐infarction remodelling.
Novel psychosocial factor involved in diabetes self‐care in the Japanese cultural context
Authors: Mano Fumika , Ikeda Kaori , Uchida Yukiko , Liu I‐Ting Huai‐Ching , Joo Erina , Okura Mizuyo , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionRecent evidence shows that cultural context can influence the management of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between interdependence, which is valued in the Eastern cultural context, and diabetes self‐care behavior in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Material and MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional survey of 161 Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus using well‐established questionnaires. The association of an interdependent tendency with diabetes self‐care activities was analyzed using multiple regression analysis.ResultsDiabetes self‐care activities had a negative correlation with interdependent tendency (r = −0.16, P = 0.047), and they had positive correlations with age (r = 0.42, P < 0.001), emotional support (r = 0.25, P = 0.001) and diabetes self‐care support (r = 0.36, P < 0.001). When patients were divided into two groups at the median age (68 years), multiple regressions showed that interdependent tendency (β = −0.20, P = 0.048), male sex (β = −0.24, P = 0.023), emotional support (β = 0.22, P = 0.028) and diabetes self‐care support (β = 0.39, P < 0.001) were significant determinants of diabetes self‐care activities only in the younger group.ConclusionsInterdependence might influence diabetes self‐care behavior, and intervention focusing on support from close others might lead patients to more successful care among Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially those aged <68 years.
Treatment for patients with recurrent fetal losses positive for anti‐cardiolipin beta2 glycoprotein I antibody using Sairei‐to (Chai‐ling‐tang) and low‐dose aspirin
Authors: Nonaka Taro , Takahashi Makiko , Nonaka Chika , Haino Kazufumi , Yamaguchi Masayuki , Enomoto Takayuki , Takakuwa Koichi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimRecently, it is widely recognized that positivity for anti‐phospholipid antibodies is a causative factor for a range of reproductive failures. Anti‐cardiolipin beta2 glycoprotein I antibody (anti‐CL‐beta2‐GPI) is a representative anti‐phospholipid antibody, which strongly correlates with the development of thrombotic events and diversity of adverse pregnancies. In this series, we aimed to elucidate effective treatment for patients with recurrent fetal losses positive for anti‐CL‐beta2‐GPI using Japanese‐modified Chinese herbal medicine.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with recurrent fetal losses who were positive for anti‐CL‐beta2‐GPI were treated with the Japanese‐modified Chinese herbal medicine, Sairei‐to (Chai‐ling‐tang), and low‐dose aspirin with or without adrenal corticosteroid hormone. Of the 21 patients, the value of anti‐CL‐beta2‐GPI ranged from 1.9 to 3.4 in 10 patients, and it was over 3.5 in 11 patients.ResultsOf the 21 patients treated with the current protocol, the pregnancy successfully continued in 17 patients (success rate: 81.0%). Of the four patients who showed repeated abortion, chromosome abnormality of chorionic villi was observed in two; thus, the success rate would be 89.5% (17 of 19 cases) on excluding these cases from the evaluation.ConclusionThe efficacy of the current treatment adopting the modified Japanese version of the Chinese herbal medicine Sairei‐to for patients with recurrent fetal losses positive for anti‐CL‐beta2‐GPI was indicated.
Melatonin attenuates myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury via improving mitochondrial fusion/mitophagy and activating the AMPK‐OPA1 signaling pathways
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Yue , Xu Junnan , Tian Feng , Hu Shunying , Chen Yundai , Fu Zhenhong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOptic atrophy 1 (OPA1)‐related mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy are vital to sustain mitochondrial homeostasis under stress conditions. However, no study has confirmed whether OPA1‐related mitochondrial fusion/mitophagy is activated by melatonin and, consequently, attenuates cardiomyocyte death and mitochondrial stress in the setting of cardiac ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our results indicated that OPA1, mitochondrial fusion, and mitophagy were significantly repressed by I/R injury, accompanied by infarction area expansion, heart dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, and cardiomyocyte oxidative stress. However, melatonin treatment maintained myocardial function and cardiomyocyte viability, and these effects were highly dependent on OPA1‐related mitochondrial fusion/mitophagy. At the molecular level, OPA1‐related mitochondrial fusion/mitophagy, which was normalized by melatonin, substantially rectified the excessive mitochondrial fission, promoted mitochondria energy metabolism, sustained mitochondrial function, and blocked cardiomyocyte caspase‐9‐involved mitochondrial apoptosis. However, genetic approaches with a cardiac‐specific knockout of OPA1 abolished the beneficial effects of melatonin on cardiomyocyte survival and mitochondrial homeostasis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that melatonin affected OPA1 stabilization via the AMPK signaling pathway and that blockade of AMPK repressed OPA1 expression and compromised the cardioprotective action of melatonin. Overall, our results confirm that OPA1‐related mitochondrial fusion/mitophagy is actually modulated by melatonin in the setting of cardiac I/R injury. Moreover, manipulation of the AMPK‐OPA1‐mitochondrial fusion/mitophagy axis via melatonin may be a novel therapeutic approach to reduce cardiac I/R injury.
The Teaching Focus of Adult‐Reading Teachers When Developing Word Reading Skills
Authors: McHardy Janet , Chapman Elaine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite widescale literacy interventions, reading difficulties persist in the adult population. Results from international surveys report that millions of adults around the world remain unable to read the texts they require for daily life and work. Adult reading difficulties are diverse and under‐researched, and adult‐reading teachers are generally underprepared to build reading skills, particularly at word level reading where many adults report difficulties. This study examined (i) the teaching foci that 60 adult‐reading teachers prioritised in determining how to teach a hypothetical adult reader with difficulties at the word level and (ii) the teacher attributes by which these decisions varied. Around 40% of teachers indicated that they would prioritise non‐word level components in deciding how to teach the hypothetical reader with word level difficulties, and these decisions varied with teachers' training/qualifications. To make sense of the persistence of low reading levels in the adult population, it is necessary to understand more about what teachers teach and why they teach the way they do. The findings of this study may provide an important step towards this goal.
Infant and young child feeding learning sessions during savings groups are feasible and acceptable for HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women in Malawi
Authors: Flax Valerie L. , Chapola John , Mokiwa Lemekeza , Mofolo Innocent , Swira Henry , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Maman Suzanne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBased on formative research, HIV‐positive women in Lilongwe District, Malawi receive little infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counselling postpartum and want more support for IYCF from their husbands. To address these gaps, we implemented a behaviour change communication intervention promoting IYCF in village savings and loan associations (VSLAs) that included HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women. The intervention consisted of 15 IYCF learning sessions facilitated by VSLA volunteers during regular VSLA meetings and included four sessions to which husbands were invited. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention through learning session participation logs, structured observations of learning sessions, and in‐depth interviews with HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative VSLA members, husbands of members, and VSLA volunteers. Nine VSLA volunteers conducted learning sessions with approximately 300–400 women, about one quarter of whom were lactating, and 25–35 men. VSLA volunteers consistently communicated technical information correctly, followed the learning session steps, and used visual aids. Sessions averaged 46 min, with <20% of observed sessions completed within the recommended time (20–25 min). Key themes from interviews were the following: (a) learning sessions were useful; (b) including HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women in the sessions was acceptable; (c) information learned during sessions encouraged families to change IYCF practices; (d) IYCF messages were shared with others in the community; and (e) male participation was low because men considered VSLAs and IYCF to be women's activities. In conclusion, integrating IYCF learning sessions into VLSAs was feasible and acceptable for mixed groups of HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women. Future research should test other strategies for involving men in IYCF.
Early career biomedical grantsmanship self‐efficacy: validation of an abbreviated self‐assessment tool
Authors: Harwood Eileen M. , Jones Amy R. , Erickson Darin , Buchwald Dedra , Johnson‐Hemming Japera , Jones Harlan P. , Manson Spero , McGee Richard , Smith Ann , Steer Clifford J. , Vishwanatha Jamboor K. , Weber‐Main Anne M. , Okuyemi Kolawole S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA hallmark of success for early career biomedical researchers is the acquisition of research funding. There are marked disparities among principal investigators who submit grants and the likelihood of receiving national funding. The National Research Mentoring Network was funded by the National Institutes of Health to diversify the biomedical research workforce and included grantsmanship training for early career researchers. Self‐efficacy in developing research grant applications is significantly improved over time with training and experience. We created a 19‐item self‐efficacy assessment inventory. Our aims were to confirm the internal consistency of a three‐factor solution for grantsmanship confidence and to test the likelihood that self‐efficacy influences grant proposal submission timing. We gathered data from 190 diverse biomedical trainees who completed NRMN grantsmanship training between August 2015 and June 2017. Findings revealed high internal consistency for items in each of three factors. There was a statistically significant association between self‐efficacy mean scores and grant submission timing predicting that, for every one‐point increase in the mean score, the odds of submitting a grant 6 months post‐training increased by 69%. An abbreviated inventory of grantsmanship skills self‐efficacy is a promising tool for monitoring changes over time in early career researchers and for promoting tailored grantsmanship interventions.
Cryoablation of atrial fibrillation with the fourth‐generation balloon: The first reported case
Authors: Moltrasio Massimo , Tundo Fabrizio , Fassini Gaetano , Sicuso Rita , Cellucci Selene , Tondo Claudio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCryoballoon ablation was developed as a new treatment for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation and has demonstrated high procedural success and comforting long‐term clinical outcome. However, some improvements are necessary for real‐time visualization of PV signals that appeared important to increase the efficacy and reduce ineffective cryoapplications. We report, for the first time, a cryoablation procedure using the fourth‐generation cryoballoon, describing betterment in vein signal recording and acute procedural success.
Acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus and alterations in sugar metabolism in response to inoculation with endophytic fungi
Authors: Rozpądek Piotr , Nosek Michał , Domka Agnieszka , Ważny Rafał , Jędrzejczyk Roman , Tokarz Krzysztof , Pilarska Maria , Niewiadomska Ewa , Turnau Katarzyna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe role of an endophytic Zygomycete Mucor sp. in growth promotion and adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to increased energy demands of its hosts Arabidopsis arenosa and Arabidopsis thaliana was evaluated. Inoculation with the fungus improved the water use efficiency of the plants and allowed for them to utilize incident light for photochemistry more effectively by upregulating the expression of several photosystem I‐ and II‐related genes and their respective proteins, proteins involved in light harvesting in PSII and PSI and carbon assimilation. This effect was independent of the ability of the plants to acquire nutrients from the soil. We hypothesize that the accelerated growth of the symbiotic plants resulted from an increase in their demand for carbohydrates and carbohydrate turnover (sink strength) that triggered a simultaneous upregulation of carbon assimilation. Arabidopsis plants inoculated with Mucor sp. exhibited upregulated expression in several genes encoding proteins involved in carbohydrate catabolism, sugar transport, and smaller starch grains that indicate a significant upregulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex–generalized severe type due to keratin 5 p.Glu477Lys mutation: Genotype‐phenotype correlation and in silico modeling analysis
Authors: Lalor Leah , Titeux Matthias , Palisson Francis , Fuentes Ignacia , Yubero María J. , Tasanen Kaisa , Huilaja Laura , Has Cristina , Tadini Gianluca , Haggstrom Anita N. , Hovnanian Alain , Lucky Anne W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesEpidermolysis bullosa is a group of diseases caused by mutations in skin structural proteins. Availability of genetic sequencing makes identification of causative mutations easier, and genotype‐phenotype description and correlation are important. We describe six patients with a keratin 5 mutation resulting in a glutamic acid to lysine substitution at position 477 (p.Glu477Lys) who have a distinctive, severe and sometimes fatal phenotype. We also perform in silico modeling to show protein structural changes resulting in instability.MethodsIn this case series, we collected clinical data from six patients with this mutation identified from their national or local epidermolysis bullosa databases. We performed in silico modeling of the keratin 5‐keratin 14 coil 2B complex using CCBuilder and rendered with Pymol (Schrodinger, LLC, New York, NY).ResultsFeatures include aplasia cutis congenita, generalized blistering, palmoplantar keratoderma, onychodystrophy, airway and developmental abnormalities, and a distinctive reticulated skin pattern. Our in silico model of the keratin 5 p.Glu477Lys mutation predicts conformational change and modification of the surface charge of the keratin heterodimer, severely impairing filament stability.ConclusionsEarly recognition of the features of this genotype will improve care. In silico analysis of mutated keratin structures provides useful insights into structural instability.
Resisting Racist Propaganda: Distorted Visual Communication and Epistemic Activism
Authors: Medina José 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article explores how racist propaganda works in visual communication and how such propaganda can be resisted. The article analyzes how photography has created new possibilities for the insidious dissemination of racist messages and discusses ways of resisting these visually transmitted propagandistic messages. The two sections of the article focus on examples of racist propaganda in visual culture: in section 1, the focus is on the propagandistic use of photography in the early twentieth century by the pro‐lynching movement; and in section 2, the focus is on racist subtexts in communication that is both visual and verbal in mass media in recent decades. In both sections, the paper discusses how to neutralize and counter propaganda in visual culture by means of what the author terms “epistemic activism,” which consists in practices of interrogation and resistance that unmask, disrupt, and uproot biases and insensitivity. The article discusses different instances of epistemic activism that make explicit and effectively criticize racist subtexts in visual communication. The instances of epistemic activism discussed include the pamphlets of the anti‐lynching movement, critiques of visual artists and scholars, and the critical responses of online activists. The article argues that epistemic activism can produce critical viewership by disrupting the passive reception of visual messages and triggering more active and critical modes of viewing images. The author concludes by emphasizing the urgent need for epistemic activism that promotes critical awareness of the subtexts embedded in visual communication and a sense of critical responsibility in the production, consumption, and recirculation of images.
Do State‐Customized TANF Work Policies Actually Reduce Unemployment?*
Authors: Kim Na Yeon , Berry Frances Stokes 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThis study seeks to test the impact of states’ worker supplement programs on the unemployment rates of low‐income females. Worker supplement programs were implemented to cover more needy people and to meet tougher work requirements in response to the enactment of Deficit Reduction Act of 2005.MethodsWe utilize a difference‐in‐differences method using panel data for 50 states over a nine‐year period (2005–2013).ResultsOur empirical analysis shows that states implementing worker supplement programs achieve lower unemployment among low‐income females compared with states that did not implement the programs. We also find that states with higher total taxable resources per capita have a negative association with unemployment rates of low‐income females, while a longer duration of a state's unemployment insurance program is positively related to the unemployment status of low‐income females.ConclusionsStates can effectively reduce the unemployment of low‐income females by reallocating Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and/or Maintenance of Effort funds and investing in worker supplement programs.
Evaluation of triage quality in the emergency department: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Jesus Ana Paula Santos de , Vilanova Vanessa Cordeiro , Coifman Alyne Henri Motta , Moura Bruna Roberta Siqueira , Nishi Fernanda Ayache , Pedreira Larissa Chaves , Batista Ruth Ester Assayag , Cruz Diná de Almeida Lopes Monteiro da 
Published: December 2018

Review objective/questions:
The objective of this scoping review is to explore the existing literature on the evaluation of the quality of triage for patients of all ages and medical conditions in emergency departments (EDs).
The question for this review is: How is triage in the ED evaluated? More specifically, we are interested in answering the following sub-questions: