Abstract B018: A high-throughput screen identifies HSP90 inhibitors as potent therapeutics across multiple clinically representative organoid models of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Jansson Keith H. , Tucker John B. , Stahl Lauren E. , Simmons John K. , Fuller Caitlyn , Beshiri Michael L. , Agarwal Supreet , Abbey Yasmine , Fang Lei , Hynes Paul G. , Neil Alilin Aian , Cawley Jacob , Lake Ross , Tran Crystal , Tice Caitlin M. , Yin JuanJuan , Zhang Xiahu , Guha Rajarshi , Hoover Shelley , Simpson R. Mark , Nguyen Holly , Corey Eva , Thomas Craig J. , Proia David , Kelly Kathleen 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the gold-standard therapy for prostate cancer (PrCa), and although ADT is initially effective, most men progress to castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) within 2-3 years. Advanced CRPC is challenging to treat because intrinsic tumor heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity engender short-lived responses and underlie resistance to conventional therapies. Combined PTEN/TP53 alterations represent a major genotype of advanced CRPC (25-30%) and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Established PrCa cell lines do not accurately represent the heterogeneity of advanced CRPC, and therefore, nonbiased pharmacogenomics screens have not been done. The development of clinically representative, tractable models suitable for high-throughput target identification and validation is crucial for advancing novel CRPC therapies to the clinic. A comprehensive nonbiased high-throughput screen performed on seven cell lines derived from a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of Pten/Tp53 null PrCa identified strongly active compounds, including inhibitors of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, the proteasome, cell cycle regulatory proteins, heat shock proteins, DNA repair signaling, NFKB signaling, MAPK signaling, and several types of epigenetic modifiers. HSP90 inhibitors were one of the most efficacious classes of compounds in the screen, and ganetespib, a clinically used second-generation HSP90 inhibitor with a favorable safety profile, was the most potent. Although HSP90 inhibitors have yet to be successful as single agents, they have not been thoroughly investigated in clinically representative models of advanced PrCa and have shown potential as “network drugs,” prompting our investigations into their utility in polytherapy. We first validated ganetespib as a single agent, where it displayed strong activity against several GEMM-derived and LuCaP PDX-derived organoid models encompassing genotypic, phenotypic, and lineage heterogeneity. These 10 novel LuCaP PDX-derived organoids are representative of the numerous categories of CRPC, including adenocarcinomas with wild-type AR, adenocarcinomas with altered AR, adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine features, and neuroendocrine disease. Single-agent ganetespib was also strongly inhibitory in vivo, decreasing growth of Pten/Tp53 null endogenous GEMM tumors as well as a human PDX tumor. Mechanistic interrogation of cell lines, organoids, and tumors exposed to ganetespib revealed inhibition of targets from several inter-related networks including AR and pAKT, two central and mutually compensatory growth and survival pathways for PrCa. The efficacy of ganetespib against a diverse group of CRPC organoids and the simultaneous inhibition of PrCa survival signaling suggested it may work well in combination. We performed a proof-of-principle high-throughput matrix screen on organoids derived from a Pten/Tp53 null GEMM and identified docetaxel and etoposide to be synergistic when combined with ganetespib. Preclinical in vivo studies to validate these findings are ongoing. In all, comprehensive data from multiple near-patient models suggest novel contexts for second-generation HSP90-directed intervention against a variety of CRPC genotypes and phenotypes and expand upon the potential of HSP90 inhibitors to simultaneously inhibit oncogenic signaling and compensatory resistance mechanisms.
Citation Format: Keith H. Jansson, John B. Tucker, Lauren E. Stahl, John K. Simmons, Caitlyn Fuller, Michael L. Beshiri, Supreet Agarwal, Yasmine Abbey, Lei Fang, Paul G. Hynes, Alilin Aian Neil, Jacob Cawley, Ross Lake, Crystal Tran, Caitlin M. Tice, JuanJuan Yin, Xiahu Zhang, Rajarshi Guha, Shelley Hoover, R. Mark Simpson, Holly Nguyen, Eva Corey, Craig J. Thomas, David Proia, Kathleen Kelly. A high-throughput screen identifies HSP90 inhibitors as potent therapeutics across multiple clinically representative organoid models of advanced prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr B018.