bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,2,4‐Triethylbenzol [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated 1,2,4‐triethylbenzene [
877‐44‐1
], considering all toxicological endpoints. Available publications are described in detail. In subchronic oral studies 1,2,4‐triethylbenzene causes axonopathy of peripheral nerves in rats and mice. A NOAEL was not obtained. The structurally related 1,2‐diethylbenzene leads to the same neurotoxic effects which are determined by oxidation of the 1,2‐diethyl groups to a gamma‐diketone. The formation of a gamma‐diketone is possible and indirectly shown with 1,2,4‐triethylbenzene and the mechanism of neurotoxicity is assumed to be the same for both compounds. Due to the limited data with 1,2,4‐triethylbenzene, the better investigated 1,2‐diethylbenzene, which is about 5 times as toxic, is used as a read‐across. As a maximum concentration at the work place (MAK value) of 1 ml/m
3
has been set for 1,2‐diethylbenzene, a MAK value of 5 ml/m
3
for 1,2,4‐triethylbenzene is established.

Since a systemic effect is critical, Peak Limitation Category II is designated. Peripheral neurotoxicity is a cumulative effect and an excursion factor of 8 would be adequate. However, the NOEAC for airway and eye irritation is not known and therefore an excursion factor of 2 is set. Thus, the allowable peak exposures are lower than those of other alkyl benzenes.
There are no developmental toxicity studies. Therefore, 1,2,4‐triethylbenzene is assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group D. There are no data on genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and sensitization. According to skin absorption models, percutaneous absorption can contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and 1,2,4‐triethylbenzene is designated with an “H” notation.
Evaluation of the Topographical Influence on the Cellular Behavior of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kukumberg Marek , Yao Yuan , Goh Seok Hong , Neo Dawn J. H. , Yao Jia Yi , Yim Evelyn K. F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdhesion and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells are important parameters in the endothelialization of biomedical devices for vascular applications. Endothelialization is a complex process affected by endothelial cells and their interaction with the extracellular microenvironment. Although numerous approaches are taken to study the influence of the external environment, a systematic investigation of the impact of an engineered microenvironment on endothelial cell processes is needed. This study aims to investigate the influence of topography, initial cell seeding density, and collagen coating on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Utilizing the MultiARChitecture (MARC) chamber, the effects of various topographies on HUVECs are identified, and those with more prominent effects were further evaluated individually using the MARC plate. Endothelial cell marker expression and monocyte adhesion assay are examined on the HUVEC monolayer. HUVECs on 1.8 μm convex and concave microlens topographies demonstrate the lowest cell adhesion and proliferation, regardless of initial cell seeding density and collagen I coating, and the HUVEC monolayer on the microlens shows the lowest monocyte adhesion. This property of lens topographies would potentially be a useful parameter in designing vascular biomedical devices. The MARC chamber and MARC plate show a great potential for faster and easy pattern identification for various cellular processes.
Modular 1,1′‐Ferrocenediyl‐cored P‐Stereogenic Diphosphines: ′′JDayPhos′′ Series and its Use in Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation
Authors: Poklukar Gašper , Stephan Michel , Mohar Barbara 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel ferrocene‐based P‐stereogenic diphospine ligand series dubbed JDayPhos was developed, which rhodium(I) complexes of some of its members exhibited excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee) and high activity in asymmetric hydrogenation of β‐unsubstituted or ‐substituted itaconates and α‐methylene‐γ‐oxo‐carboxylates.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclocarbonylation of Isoquinolones with CO via C−H/N−H Bond Cleavage: Easy Access to Isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinoline‐5,7‐dione Derivatives
Authors: Guo Shenghai , Wang Fang , Sun Lincong , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn efficient and practical synthesis of isoindolo[2,1‐b]isoquinoline‐5,7‐diones through Pd‐catalyzed C−H activation/carbonylative annulation of isoquinolones with CO (1 atm) is presented. Deuterium‐labeling experiments revealed that the aryl C(sp2)−H bond activation might be the rate‐determining step. More interestingly, the title compounds could also be prepared directly from the cascade reaction of N‐methoxy benzamides and internal alkynes, as the precursors of isoquinolones, under an atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide through a Rh/Pd relay catalysis in a user‐friendly manner.magnified image
Biotinylated Bilirubin Nanoparticles as a Tumor Microenvironment‐Responsive Drug Delivery System for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lee Yonghyun , Lee Soyoung , Jon Sangyong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer cell metastasis. Accordingly, a drug‐delivery system (DDS) that is capable of targeting tumor and releasing drugs in response to TME‐associated stimuli should lead to potent antitumor efficacy. Here, a cancer targeting, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive drug delivery vehicle as an example of a TME‐targeting DDS is reported. Tumor targeting is achieved using biotin as a ligand for “biotin transporter”–overexpressing malignant tumors, and bilirubin‐based nanoparticles (BRNPs) are used as a drug‐delivery carrier that enables ROS‐responsive drug release. Doxorubicin‐loaded, biotinylated BRNPs (Dox@bt‐BRNPs) with size of ≈100 nm are prepared by a one‐step self‐assembly process. Dox@bt‐BRNPs exhibit accelerated Dox‐release behavior in response to ROS and show specific binding as well as anticancer activity against biotin transporter–overexpressing HeLa cells in vitro. bt‐BRNPs labeled with cypate, near‐infrared dye, show much greater accumulation at tumor sites in HeLa tumor‐bearing mice than BRNPs lacking the biotin ligand. Finally, intravenous injection of Dox@bt‐BRNPs into HeLa tumor‐bearing mice results in greater antitumor efficacy compared with free Dox, bt‐BRNPs only, and Dox@BRNPs without causing any appreciable body weight loss. Collectively, these findings suggest that bt‐BRNPs hold potential as a new TME‐responsive DDS for effectively treating various tumors.
B, N Codoped and Defect‐Rich Nanocarbon Material as a Metal‐Free Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions
Authors: Sun Tao , Wang Jun , Qiu Chuntian , Ling Xiang , Tian Bingbing , Chen Wei , Su Chenliang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe development of highly active, inexpensive, and stable bifunctional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts to replace noble metal Pt and RuO2 catalysts remains a considerable challenge for highly demanded reversible fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Here, a simple approach for the facile construction of a defective nanocarbon material is reported with B and N dopants (B,N‐carbon) as a superior bifunctional metal‐free catalyst for both ORR and OER. The catalyst is prepared by pyrolyzing the composites of ethyl cellulose and high‐boiling point 4‐(1‐naphthyl)benzeneboronic acid in NH3 atmosphere with an inexpensive Zn‐based template. The obtained porous B,N‐carbon with rich carbon defects exhibits excellent ORR and OER performances, including high activity and stability. In alkaline medium, B,N‐carbon material shows high ORR activity with an onset potential (Eonset) reaching 0.98 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), very close to that of Pt/C, a high electron transfer number and excellent stability. This catalyst also presents the admirable ORR activity in acidic medium with a high Eonset of 0.81 V versus RHE and a four‐electron process. The OER activity of B,N‐carbon is superior to that of the precious metal RuO2 and Pt/C catalysts. A Zn–air battery using B,N‐carbon as the air cathode exhibits a low voltage gap between charge and discharge and long‐term stability. The excellent electrocatalytic performance of this porous nanocarbon material is attributed to the combined positive effects of the abundant carbon defects and the heteroatom codopants.
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Based on Epoxidized Soybean Oil: Correlation Between Curing Conditions and Rheological Properties
Authors: Ciannamea Emiliano M. , Ruseckaite Roxana A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRenewable resources, including vegetable oils, can be used as feedstock for the manufacture of pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) that can compete with those derived from petrochemical sources, but with the environmental benefit of being sustainable. Completely bio‐based PSA with tunable viscoelastic properties were synthesized from mixtures of epoxidized soybean oil and sebacic acid by a solvent‐free one‐step reaction, in the absence of catalyst. Curing conditions and pot‐life were determined for formulations with stoichiometric acid/epoxy ratio. Curing time ranged from the gel point (tgel) to tgel + 30 min at the selected temperature (170 °C) to study the correlation between the reaction, rheological behavior, and potential adhesive performance. These renewable PSA can be tailored by controlling the curing parameters according to the desired application, since the rheological profile and gel content were greatly dependent on the curing conditions. In particular, the obtained adhesives cured at 170 °C between 65 and 75 min showed the best balance between tack and cohesion.
Hansen Solubility Parameters as a Tool in the Quest for New Edible Oleogels
Authors: Rogers Michael A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBy identifying the Hansen space of nonfood‐grade gelators, which are capable of gelling oil, insights into the molecular characteristics required for gelation of edible oil become apparent. In examining the 34 reported oleogelators, molecules that gel oil tend to have a dispersive Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) between 16.0 < δd > 17.5 MPa1/2, a polar HSP between 7.0 < δp > 11.0 MPa1/2, and a hydrogen‐bonding HSP between 7.0 < δh > 9.0 MPa1/2. Although this does not define the complete Hansen space of these gelators, it provides insight into what types of molecules may be capable of forming oleogels in vegetable oils to allow new discovery without relying solely on serendipity.
Dose‐dependent pharmacokinetics and tentative identification of urine metabolites from an isosteviol derivative with anti‐hepatitis B activity in rats
Authors: Kachingwe Baxter Hepburn , Wang Li‐Hsuan , Uang Yow‐Shieng , Huang Tsurng‐Juhn , Lin Shwu‐Jiuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCompound 1 (ent‐16‐oxobeyeran‐19‐N‐methylureido) is a semisynthetic isosteviol derivative that shows anti‐hepatitis B virus activity in Huh7 cells by affecting viral DNA transcription and the Toll‐like receptor 2/nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway. Thus, the pharmacokinetics and metabolite identification were studied as part of the discovery and development process of compound 1. The pharmacokinetics was evaluated after administration to rats at an intravenous dose of 2 mg/kg, and oral doses of 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations were determined using LC–MS/MS. Moreover, urine samples from rats dosed at 10 mg/kg were scanned for metabolites using UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS. Results for the intravenously administered dose of 2 mg/kg showed that the area under the concentration–time curve was 65,223.31 ± 4269.80 ng min/mL, and the systemic clearance was 0.031 ± 0.0021 L/min. Oral pharmacokinetic parameters were dose‐dependent, showing nonproportional increases in the oral AUCs with respective values of 4371.62 ± 3084.81, 22,472.75 ± 9103.33 and 135,141.83 ± 38,934.03 ng min/mL for 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg. The bioavailability was low at 1.5% for 2 mg/kg dose, and at 1.1% for both 5 and 10 mg/kg doses. Metabolites excreted in the urine indicate possible N‐oxidation and glucuronide conjugation.
Electrochemical Intramolecular C—H/O—H Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Arylbenzoic Acids
Authors: Shao Ailong , Li Na , Gao Yong , Zhan Jirui , Chiang Chien‐Wei , Lei Aiwen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA synthetic protocol to lactones by electro‐oxidative induced C—H activation of 2‐arylbenzoic acids has been developed. By using Na2SO4 aqueous solution as a cheap and green supporting electrolyte, different 2‐arylbenzoic acids could provide the corresponding lactones in 30%—90% yields. This reaction could be conducted on a gram scale with a good efficiency as well as a high utility for natural product synthesis.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles‐Reinforced Hydrogel Scaffold together with Pinacidil Loading to Improve Stem Cell Adhesion
Authors: Wang Ning , Ma Ming , Luo Yu , Liu Tianzhi , Zhou Peng , Qi Shengcai , Xu Yuanzhi , Chen Hangrong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough hydrogels can be applied in mimicking the native extracellular matrix environment, they generally suffer from weak mechanical properties, as well as the lack of a sustained supply of nutrients or simulants to maintain cell functions, which severely limits their further practical applications. Aiming to address the aforementioned issues, a novel reinforced nanocomposite hydrogel (NC gel) is developed, which is composed of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and carboxyl‐modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs‐COOH) together with pinacidil loading. The mechanical properties and pore size of the NC gel can be tunable with the addition of different amounts of MSNs‐COOH. In addition, mesoporous channels of MSNs‐COOH endow the prepared NC gel with good performance in piancidil loading and long‐term sustained release, which greatly promotes the viability and adhesion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and achieves the long‐term cell adhesion, spreading and viability of encapsulated BMSC cells in 7 days. This NC gel platform shows great promise for tissue engineering applications, including functional integration and efficient differentiation of stem cells upon transplantation.
Polymer‐Stabilized Percolation Membranes Based on Nanosized Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for H2/CO2 Separation
Authors: Sánchez‐Laínez Javier , Friebe Sebastian , Zornoza Beatriz , Mundstock Alexander , Strauß Ina , Téllez Carlos , Caro Jürgen , Coronas Joaquín 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work shows the preparation of self‐supported composite membranes prepared with the nano‐sized zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs): ZIF‐8, ZIF‐7(III) and ZIF‐7/8 core‐shells. The membranes consist of compressed pellets of ZIF nanoparticles (up to 74 wt% loading) stabilized with gas‐impermeable epoxy resin, providing a gas transport‐selective percolation network named polymer‐stabilized percolation membrane (PSPM). The different PSPMs have been characterized by SEM, TGA, XRD, FTIR and Raman. FIB/SEM has provided a 3D reconstruction of the composite thanks to the slice and view technique, allowing a perfect visualization of the inside of the network. The N2 adsorption properties have also been studied and compared with those of ZIFs in powder state. The gas separation performance of these membranes has been tested for the H2/CO2 mixture. The PSPMs were tested with feed pressures up to 5 bar, obtaining H2 permeabilities of hundreds of Barrer and a maximum H2/CO2 selectivity of 12.3.
Resilient parallel computing on volunteer PC grids
Authors: Subhlok Jaspal , Nguyen Hien , Gabriel Edgar , Rahman Mohammad Tanvir 
Published: April 2018

SummaryVolunteer PC hosts represent massive computation capacity at a low cost but are challenging to employ for general parallel computing. This paper presents the design, execution model, implementation, and evaluation of the Volpex framework for robust execution of parallel codes on volunteer PC grids characterized by system and network heterogeneity, varying availability, and frequent failures. The communication model is based on one‐sided Put/Get calls to an abstract global shared space enhanced to support multiple autonomous instances of the same process at different stages of execution. Our approach customizes and combines the use of replication, checkpointing, and host selection. This presents formidable challenges that are addressed in this work; efficient checkpointing of distributed replicated processes, dynamic management of redundancy, quick restart in a distributed environment, and application specific host selection. The integrated runtime system is shown to effectively execute moderate size, coarse‐grain, communicating codes on a worldwide distributed volunteer environment, a new milestone in volunteer computing. Extensive evaluation is conducted with example scientific codes on a pool of around 600 volunteer hosts. The results demonstrate the trade‐offs in deploying checkpointing, redundancy, and host selection, and how these methods combine to provide application performance that is close to the ideal failure free performance.
Age and area predict patterns of species richness in pumice rafts contingent on oceanic climatic zone encountered
Authors: Velasquez Eleanor , Bryan Scott E. , Ekins Merrick , Cook Alex G. , Hurrey Lucy , Firn Jennifer 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe theory of island biogeography predicts that area and age explain species richness patterns (or alpha diversity) in insular habitats. Using a unique natural phenomenon, pumice rafting, we measured the influence of area, age, and oceanic climate on patterns of species richness. Pumice rafts are formed simultaneously when submarine volcanoes erupt, the pumice clasts breakup irregularly, forming irregularly shaped pumice stones which while floating through the ocean are colonized by marine biota. We analyze two eruption events and more than 5,000 pumice clasts collected from 29 sites and three climatic zones. Overall, the older and larger pumice clasts held more species. Pumice clasts arriving in tropical and subtropical climates showed this same trend, where in temperate locations species richness (alpha diversity) increased with area but decreased with age. Beta diversity analysis of the communities forming on pumice clasts that arrived in different climatic zones showed that tropical and subtropical clasts transported similar communities, while species composition on temperate clasts differed significantly from both tropical and subtropical arrivals. Using these thousands of insular habitats, we find strong evidence that area and age but also climatic conditions predict the fundamental dynamics of species richness colonizing pumice clasts.
Daphnia diversity on the Tibetan Plateau measured by DNA taxonomy
Authors: Xu Lei , Lin Qiuqi , Xu Shaolin , Gu Yangliang , Hou Juzhi , Liu Yongqin , Dumont Henri J. , Han Bo‐Ping 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDaphnia on the Tibetan Plateau has been little studied, and information on species diversity and biogeography is lacking. Here, we conducted a 4‐year survey using the barcoding fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene to determine the distribution and diversity of Daphnia species found across the Plateau. Our results show that species richness is higher than previously thought, with total described and provisional species number doubling from 5 to 10. Six of the taxonomic units recovered by DNA taxonomy agreed well with morphology, but DNA barcoding distinguished three clades each for the D. longispina (D. galeata, D. dentifera, and D. longispina) and D. pulex (D. pulex, D. cf. tenebrosa, and D. pulicaria) complexes. The sequence divergence between congeneric species varied within a large range, from 9.25% to 30.71%. The endemic D. tibetana was the most common and widespread species, occurring in 12 hyposaline to mesosaline lakes. The lineage of D. longispina is the first confirmed occurrence in west Tibet.
Integrating telemetry data into spatial capture–recapture modifies inferences on multi‐scale resource selection
Authors: Linden Daniel W. , Sirén Alexej P. K. , Pekins Peter J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEstimating population size and resource selection functions (RSFs) are common approaches in applied ecology for addressing wildlife conservation and management objectives. Traditionally such approaches have been undertaken separately with different sources of data. Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) provides a hierarchical framework for jointly estimating density and multi‐scale resource selection, and data integration techniques provide opportunities for improving inferences from SCR models. Despite the added benefits, there have been few applications of SCR‐RSF integration, potentially due to complexities of specifying and fitting such models. Here, we extend a previous integrated SCR‐RSF model to accommodate overlap of individuals between data sources and add the functionality to an open‐source R package (oSCR). We illustrate an application of the integrated model to a population of American marten (Martes americana) in alpine forests of northern New England. Spatial encounter data from camera traps were combined with telemetry locations from radio‐collared individuals to examine how density and space use varied with spatial environmental features. We compared multi‐model inferences between the integrated SCR‐RSF model with telemetry and a standard SCR model with no telemetry. The integrated SCR‐RSF model supported more complex relationships with spatial variation in third‐order resource selection (i.e., individual space use), including selection for areas with shorter distances to mixed conifer forest and rugged terrain. Both models indicated increased second‐order selection (i.e., density) for areas close to mixed conifer forest, while the integrated SCR‐RSF model had a lower effect size due to modulation from spatial variability in space use. Our application of the integrated SCR‐RSF model illustrates the improved inferences from spatial encounter data that can be achieved from integrating auxiliary telemetry data. Integrated modeling allows ecologists to join empirical data to ecological theory using a robust quantitative framework to better address conservation and management objectives.
Nonunion fractures, mesenchymal stem cells and bone tissue engineering
Authors: Toosi Shirin , Behravan Nima , Behravan Javad 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDepending on the duration of healing process, 5–10% of bone fractures may result in either nonunion or delayed union. Because nonunions remain a clinically important problem, there is interest in the utilization of tissue engineering strategies to augment bone fracture repair. Three basic biologic elements that are required for bone regeneration include cells, extracellular matrix scaffolds and biological adjuvants for growth, differentiation and angiogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable to differentiate into various types of the cells including chondrocytes, myoblasts, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. Due to their potential for multilineage differentiation, MSCs are considered important contributors in bone tissue engineering research. In this review we highlight the progress in the application of biomaterials, stem cells and tissue engineering in promoting nonunion bone fracture healing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A:2551–2561, 2018.