bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monetary Policy, Financial Frictions, and Heterogeneous R&D Firms in an Endogenous Growth Model*
Authors: Hori Takeo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMotivated by empirical facts, I construct an endogenous growth model in which heterogeneous research and development (R&D) firms are financially constrained and use cash to finance R&D investments. I also examine the optimal monetary policy. The effects of financial constraint crucially depend on whether R&D firms are homogeneous or heterogeneous regarding R&D productivity. If R&D firms are homogeneous, then the zero nominal interest rate (i.e., the Friedman rule) is always optimal under severe financial constraint. Heterogeneity in R&D productivity leads to the opposite result. With heterogeneity, severe financial constraint makes the strictly positive nominal interest rate welfare‐improving under a plausible condition.
Estimation of the marginal expected shortfall under asymptotic independence
Authors: Cai Juan‐Juan , Musta Eni 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe study the asymptotic behavior of the marginal expected shortfall when the two random variables are asymptotic independent but positively associated, which is modeled by the so‐called tail dependent coefficient. We construct an estimator of the marginal expected shortfall, which is shown to be asymptotically normal. The finite sample performance of the estimator is investigated in a small simulation study. The method is also applied to estimate the expected amount of rainfall at a weather station given that there is a once every 100 years rainfall at another weather station nearby.
An interdisciplinary examination of attentional focus strategies used during running gait retraining
Authors: Moore Isabel S. , Phillips Daniel J. , Ashford Kelly J. , Mullen Richard , Goom Thomas , Gittoes Marianne R. J. 
Published: May 2019

The aim was to investigate the biomechanical, physiological, and perceptual responses to different motor learning strategies derived to elicit a flatter foot contact. Twenty‐eight rearfoot‐striking recreational runners (age 24.9 ± 2.8 years; body mass 78.8 ± 13.6 kg; height 1.79 ± 0.09 m) were matched by age, mass, and height and assigned to one verbal cue group: internal focus of attention (IF), external focus of attention (EF), and a clinically derived condition (CLIN) incorporating an IF followed by an EF statement. Participants completed two treadmill runs at 10 km h−1 for 6 minutes each: normal running (control) followed by the experimental condition (IF, EF, or CLIN). Lower limb kinematics, oxygen consumption (), and central and peripheral ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for each run. Compared to the control condition, foot angle was reduced in the IF (difference = 5.86°, d = 2.58) and CLIN (difference = 3.00°, d = 1.31) conditions, but unchanged in the EF condition (difference = 0.33°, d = 0.14), while greater knee flexion at initial contact in the EF and CLIN conditions was observed (difference = −5.19°, d = 1.97; difference = −3.66°, d = 1.39, respectively). A higher was observed in the CLIN condition (difference = −4.56 mL kg−1 min−1, d = 2.29), but unchanged in the IF (difference = −1.87 mL kg−1 min−1, d = 0.94) and EF conditions (difference = −0.37 mL kg−1 min−1, d = 0.19). All experimental conditions increased central and peripheral RPE (difference = −1.08, d = 0.54 and difference = −2.39, d = 1.33, respectively). Providing gait retraining instructions using an internally directed focus of attention was the most effective way to target specific changes in running kinematics, with no detrimental effect on physiological responses. Yet, perceptual effort responses increased regardless of the type of cue provided.
Critical developments of 2018: A review of the literature from selected topics in transfusion. A committee report from the AABB's Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee
Authors: Cohn Claudia S. , Allen Elizabeth S. , Cushing Melissa M. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Friedman David F. , Goel Ruchika , Harm Sarak K. , Heddle Nancy , Hopkins Courtney K. , Klapper Ellen , Perumbeti Ajay , Ramsey Glenn , Raval Jay S. , Schwartz Joseph , Shaz Beth H. , Spinella Philip C. , Pagano Monica B. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDThe AABB compiles an annual synopsis of the published literature covering important developments in the field of transfusion medicine. An abridged version of this work is being made available in TRANSFUSION, with the full‐length report available as Appendix S1 (available as supporting information in the online version of this paper).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPapers published in late 2017 and 2018 are included, as well as earlier papers cited for background. Although this synopsis is comprehensive, it is not exhaustive, and some papers may have been excluded or missed.RESULTSThe following topics are covered: “big data” and “omics” studies, emerging infections and testing, platelet transfusion and pathogen reduction, transfusion therapy and coagulation, transfusion approach to hemorrhagic shock and mass casualties, therapeutic apheresis, and chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy.CONCLUSIONThis synopsis may be a useful educational tool.
Nursing Managers’ Perspectives on the Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Evidence‐Based Management
Authors: Hasanpoor Edris , Siraneh Belete Yibeltal , Janati Ali , Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Haghgoshayie Elaheh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based health management is defined as a new approach to improve the quality of hospital decisions by systematic application of the best available evidence. To use that, facilitators and barriers to implementation of evidence‐based management (EBMgt) in the decision‐making process need to be identified.AimThe purpose of this study was to assess nursing managers’ perspectives on the facilitators and barriers to implementation of EBMgt in Tabriz hospitals, northwest Iran.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was used in 2017. The study was conducted in one state in Iran (Tabriz). A total of 276 nursing managers (e.g., matrons, supervisors, & head nurses [HNs]) were invited to participate from the Tabriz hospitals (N = 20); 212 completed and returned the survey, yielding a response rate of 76.81%. The EBMgt assessment questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part includes barriers to EBMgt (five main domains and 46 questions). The second part includes the facilitators of EBMgt (five main domains and 42 questions). Data entry and analysis were carried out using SPSS‐21 software.ResultsHighest mean scores of barriers were observed for “training and research systems” (64.65 ± 12.42). “Lack of communication between knowledge producers and hospital decision‐makers” (68.19 ± 17.32) had highest mean scores among all 46 barriers. Also, the results showed that mean scores for all the barriers were higher than 55. The highest mean scores were observed for “social/interpersonal factors” (65.84 ± 17.07). “Interest and willingness to scientific management principles” (68.62 ± 20.17) had highest mean scores among all 42 facilitators.Linking Evidence to ActionThe aim of EBMgt is to provide the most effective healthcare outcomes. Identifying barriers and facilitators is essential for implementing EBMgt in hospitals. Building the facilitators and eliminating barriers are foundation of EBMgt. Filling the gap between knowledge producers and nursing managers can be a starting point for improvement of the decision‐making process in nursing care.
Mesoscale Analysis of Homogeneous Dislocation Nucleation
Authors: Garg Akanksha , Hasan Asad , Maloney Craig E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We perform atomistic simulations of dislocation nucleation in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) defect-free hexagonal crystals during nanoindentation with circular (2D) or spherical (3D) indenters. The incipient embryo structure in the critical eigenmode of the mesoregions is analyzed to study homogeneous dislocation nucleation. The critical eigenmode or dislocation embryo is found to be localized along a line (or plane in 3D) of atoms with a lateral extent, ξ, at some depth, Y*, below the surface. The lowest energy eigenmode for mesoregions of varying radius, rmeso, centered on the localized region of the critical eigenmode is computed. The energy of the lowest eigenmode, λmeso, decays very rapidly with increasing rmeso and λmeso ≈ 0 for rmeso≳ξ. The analysis of a mesoscale region in the material can reveal the presence of incipient instability even for rmeso≲ξ but gives reasonable estimate for the energy and spatial extent of the critical mode only for rmeso≳ξ. When the mesoregion is not centered at the localized region, we show that the mesoregion should contain a critical part of the embryo (and not only the center of embryo) to reveal instability. This scenario indicates that homogeneous dislocation nucleation is a quasilocal phenomenon. Also, the critical eigenmode for the mesoscale region reveals instability much sooner than the full system eigenmode. We use mesoscale analysis to verify the scaling laws shown previously by Garg and Maloney in 2D [2016, “Universal Scaling Laws for Homogeneous Dissociation Nucleation During Nano-Indentation,” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 95, pp. 742–754.] for the size, ξ, and depth from the surface, Y*, of the dislocation embryo with respect to indenter radius, R, in full 3D simulations.
Optimization of the Energy Consumption Through Spring Balancing of Servo-Actuated Mechanisms
Authors: Richiedei Dario , Trevisani Alberto 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The ever-growing interest toward energy efficiency imposes the optimization of mechanism design under an energetic point of view. Even if the benefit of using spring balancing systems to reduce energy consumption is intuitive, the relation between spring design and electrical energy consumption has never been systematically addressed in the literature, which is mainly focused on static compensation of gravity forces. This paper tackles this novel and important issue and proposes an analytical method for model-based design of springs minimizing the energy required in rest-to-rest motion. The method relies on the model of energy dissipation that accounts for the characteristics of the mechanical, electrical, and power electronic components of a servo-actuated mechanism. The theory is developed with reference to a single rotating beam. The proposed solution ensures significant energy saving compared with the traditional static balancing design of springs and is particularly suitable for repetitive (cyclic) motion tasks.
Multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial comparing intermittent versus daily treatment for non-cavitary nodular/bronchiectaticMycobacterium aviumcomplex lung disease with rifampicin, ethambutol and clarithromycin (iREC): study protocol
Authors: Nakagawa Taku , Hashimoto Hiroya , Yagi Mitsuaki , Kogure Yoshihito , Sekimizu Masahiro , Saito Akiko M , Ogawa Kenji , Inoue Yoshikazu 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionStandard treatment for nodular/bronchiectaticMycobacterium aviumcomplex lung disease (NB MAC-LD), excluding severe-status cases, differs between Japan and other countries. Internationally, three-drug combination intermittent treatment (three times a week administration) with macrolide, ethambutol and rifampicin is recommended, but a daily treatment regimen is recommended in Japan. To date, no randomised controlled study directly comparing intermittent treatment with daily treatment has been performed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usefulness of intermittent treatment.Methods and analysisA total of 140 patients diagnosed with NB MAC-LD in Japan will be randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to intermittent treatment group or daily treatment group, and three-drug combination therapy with clarithromycin, rifampicin and ethambutol will be continued for 1 year. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients requiring modification of the initial treatment regimen. Secondary endpoints are adverse events, sputum culture conversion, time to sputum culture conversion, improvement of chest CT findings, change in health-related quality of life score and development of clarithromycin resistance.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the National Hospital Organisation Review Board for Clinical Trials (Headquarters). The results of this study will be reported at a society meeting or published in a peer-review journal.
Smoke-free legislation and neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil: longitudinal quasi-experimental study
Authors: Hone Thomas , Szklo Andre Salem , Filippidis Filippos T , Laverty Anthony A , Sattamini Isabela , Been Jasper V , Vianna Cristiane , Souza Mirian , de Almeida Liz Maria , Millett Christopher 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the associations of partial and comprehensive smoke-free legislation with neonatal and infant mortality in Brazil using a quasi-experimental study design.DesignMonthly longitudinal (panel) ecological study from January 2000 to December 2016.SettingAll Brazilian municipalities (n=5565).ParticipantsInfant populations.InterventionSmoke-free legislation in effect in each municipality and month. Legislation was encoded as basic (allowing smoking areas), partial (segregated smoking rooms) or comprehensive (no smoking in public buildings). Associations were quantified by immediate step and longer term slope/trend changes in outcomes.Statistical analysesMunicipal-level linear fixed-effects regression models.Main outcomes measuresInfant and neonatal mortality.ResultsImplementation of partial smoke-free legislation was associated with a −3.3 % (95% CI −6.2% to −0.4%) step reduction in the municipal infant mortality rate, but no step change in neonatal mortality. Comprehensive smoke-free legislation implementation was associated with −5.2 % (95% CI −8.3% to −2.1%) and −3.4 % (95% CI −6.7% to −0.1%) step reductions in infant and neonatal mortality, respectively, and a −0.36 (95% CI −0.66 to−0.06) annual decline in the infant mortality rate. We estimated that had all smoke-free legislation introduced since 2004 been comprehensive, an additional 10 091 infant deaths (95% CI 1196 to 21 761) could have been averted.ConclusionsStrengthening smoke-free legislation in Brazil is associated with improvements in infant health outcomes—particularly under comprehensive legislation. Governments should accelerate implementation of comprehensive smoke-free legislation to protect infant health and achieve the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal three.
Gröbner bases and multi-dimensional persistent bifurcation diagram classifications
Authors: Gazor Majid , Hashemi Amir , Kazemi Mahsa 
Published: May 2019

The work presented here is motivated by our ongoing project on symbolic bifurcation analysis of multidimensional germs of singularities, say
[EQUATION]

where
z
and λ denote the state variables and a distinguished parameter, respectively. A local solution
Z
(λ) for
f
(
Z
(λ), λ) = 0 is called a
bifurcation diagram.
Any two bifurcation diagrams
Z
1
(λ) and
Z
2
(λ) of
f
(
z
, λ) are called qualitatively equivalent when there exists a diffeomorphism (Φ(
Z
1
, λ
1
), Λ(λ
1
)) transforming the bifurcation diagram
Z
1
(λ
1
) into
Z
2
(λ
2
) = Φ(
Z
1
(Λ
-1
(lD
2
)), Λ
-1
(λ
2
)). Our proposed bifurcation analysis often corresponds to steady state bifurcations of PDEs, static and dynamical systems and occur in many real life and engineering control problems [5]. This will be integrated into the Singularity library [3, 4] as MultiDimSingularities module. Our library provides systematic tools for symbolic treatment of bifurcation analysis of such systems. The classical approach uses root finding and parametric continuation methods through numerical normal form analysis for differential systems with low codimension (degeneracy). The latter fails on comprehensive analysis for a parametric system and for systems with moderate degeneracies. The goal here is to classify the qualitatively different bifurcation diagrams of an
unfolding
germ

[EQUATION],

for
f
(
z
, λ), where α = (α
1
,...,α

p

) are unfolding parameters and
F
(
z
, λ, 0) =
f
(
z
, λ). This classification is feasible via the concept of persistent bifurcation diagrams. A diagram is called
persistent
when it is qualitatively self-equivalent under arbitrarily small perturbations. The idea is to find
non-persistent
sources of bifurcations. Non-persistent sources are divided into three categories:
bifurcation B, hysteresis H and double limit point D
; see [6, Page 410]. The set [EQUATION] is called a
transition local variety
, that is a codimension-1 hyperplane in the parameter space. A
local variety
refers to a neighborhood subset of zeros of a polynomial system. The complement space of this hyperplane consists of a finite number of connected components, say
C
1
, ...,

C
n

. For any
i
and α, β ∈

C
i

, the bifurcation diagrams
Z
(λ, α) and
Z
(λ, β) are qualitatively equivalent. Hence, a choice of bifurcation diagram from each connected component gives rise to a complete list of
persistent bifurcation diagram classifications
for
F
(
z
, λ, α). The RegularChains library in Maple provides a tool through the command CylindricalAlgebraicDecompose enabling us to generate this list; see [1]. However, there usually exist multiple bifurcation diagrams from each connected component

C
i

in the generating list. In this abstract paper, we merely focus on the use of
Gröbner basis
for multi-dimensional persistent bifurcation diagram classifications.
Abstracts of recent doctoral dissertations in computer algebra
Authors: Hu Jiaxiong (Lucas) , Panferov Anton 
Published: May 2019

Each quarter we are pleased to present abstracts of recent doctoral dissertations in Computer Algebra and Symbolic Computation. We encourage all recent Ph.D. graduates who have defended in the past two years (and their supervisors), to submit their abstracts for publication in CCA.
Please send abstracts to the CCA editors <editors_SIGSAM@acm.org> for consideration.
The Achilles Heel of Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors
Authors: Huang Jing , Luo Ji 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are rare but deadly pediatric tumors characterized by mutations in the SMARCB1/SNF5/INI1/BAF47 gene. Currently, there are no targeted therapies for MRTs. In a previous issue of Cancer Research, Howard and colleagues utilize the power of genome-wide RNAi and CRISPR screening to identify MDM2 and MDM4 as potential drug targets for MRTs. Most MRTs retain an intact p53 pathway and the authors show that these cells are particularly sensitive to MDM2 and MDM4 inhibition due to SMARCB1's role in regulating p53-depedent apoptotic genes. This discovery suggests potential clinical trials of MDM2 inhibitors in patients with MRT.
See related article by Howard and colleagues; Cancer Res 79(9):2404–14.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition with Panobinostat Combined with Intensive Induction Chemotherapy in Older Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Phase I Study Results
Authors: Wieduwilt Matthew J. , Pawlowska Nela , Thomas Scott , Olin Rebecca , Logan Aaron C. , Damon Lloyd E. , Martin Thomas , Kang McNancy , Sayre Peter H. , Boyer Wanda , Gaensler Karin M.L. , Anderson Kirsten , Munster Pamela N. , Andreadis Charalambos 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor panobinostat potentiates anthracycline and cytarabine cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. We hypothesized that panobinostat prior to and during induction chemotherapy would be tolerable and augment response in patients showing increased histone acetylation.

Patients and Methods:
Patients received panobinostat 20–60 mg oral daily on days 1, 3, 5, and 8 with daunorubicin 60 mg/m2/day intravenously on days 3 to 5 and cytarabine 100 mg/m2/day intravenously by continuous infusion on days 3 to 9 (“7+3”). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for HDAC expression and histone acetylation changes.

Results:
Twenty-five patients ages 60–85 years (median age, 69) were treated. Fifteen patients had de novo AML, six AML with myelodysplasia-related changes, two AML with prior myeloproliferative neoplasm, one therapy-related myeloid neoplasm, and one myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts-2. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred in dose escalation cohorts. In dose expansion, six patients received panobinostat at 60 mg and nine patients at 50 mg due to recurrent grade 1 bradycardia at the 60-mg dose. The complete response (CR)/incomplete count recovery (Cri) rate was 32%. Median overall survival was 10 months: 23 months with CR/CRi versus 7.8 months without CR/CRi (log-rank P = 0.02). Median relapse-free survival was 8.2 months. Increased histone acetylation 4 and 24 hours after panobinostat was significantly associated with CR/CRi.

Conclusions:
Panobinostat with “7+3” for older patients with AML was well tolerated. Panobinostat 50 mg on days 1, 3, 5, and 8 starting 2 days prior to “7+3” is recommended for future studies. Panobinostat-induced increases in histone acetylation in PBMCs predicted CR/CRi.
Linking Science and Technology with Arts and the Next Generation: The STEAM Imaging Experimental Artist Residency, A Case Study
Authors: Hofmann Bianka 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The author describes designing an artist-in-residence project within a research institute for applied science as a dialogue-oriented form of science communication and education. The author collaborated with a scientist, an artist, a software architect and a sound designer to realize the STEAM Imaging pilot project as a conceptual framework for fostering collaborative engagement among school students, scientists and an artist. A constant through the project is the connection of tools for computer-assisted medicine with teaching topics from science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). The first artist in residence, Yen Tzu Chang, integrated programming for sound art, creation of plaster models and discussion on ethical topics. The aim was to foster engagement with and ownership of future technology.
The Status and Criminal Accountability of Members of Formed Police Units: Conflicting Positions, Current Status Quo and Future Prospects
Authors: Deen-Racsmány Zsuzsanna 
Published: June 2019

Introduced in 1999, formed police units (FPUS) constitute a relatively recent invention in the history of UN peacekeeping. Yet, currently more than 10,000 individuals are deployed in such units. Their members are un civilian police officers but – like military personnel – they may be given executive mandates. Consequently, (the optimal regulation of) their legal position (i.e. whether equivalent to that of military members of national contingents or of UN experts on mission) and (of) their criminal accountability (i.e. exclusive contributing State jurisdiction and/or permissibility of host State criminal jurisdiction) have been a subject of prolonged disagreement. The legal-political struggle between the UN Secretariat (Office of Legal Affairs) and the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations concerning these issues has triggered important clarifications of the existing rules and led to revisions of legal instruments, including the most recent amendments to the UN Model Memorandum of Understanding.
Through a study of this process, the present article aims to clarify the legal status and criminal accountability of FPU officers, as well as to predict the stability of the current legal status quo. In addition, the analysis of these issues provides valuable insights into the relevant practice of and priorities within the UN and among troop and police contributing countries. It thus even helps assess chances that military members of national contingents may in the future be subjected to the criminal jurisdiction of host States. Last but not least, the study highlights the importance of accurate and up-to-date information.