bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data-Driven Surrogate Modeling with Microstructure-Sensitivity of Viscoplastic Creep in Grade 91 Steel
Authors: Ruybalid Andre , Tallman Aaron , Wen Wei , Matthews Christopher , Capolungo Laurent 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo support the development of advanced steel alloys tailored to withstand extreme conditions, it is imperative to account for the mechanical performance of components, while considering the influence of local microstructure on the macroscopic response. To this end, this study focuses on the development of microstructure-sensitive constitutive models for the mechanical response of Grade 91 steel exposed to extreme thermo-mechanical environments. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) surrogates are used to emulate high-fidelity polycrystal simulations of the viscoplastic response of Grade 91 steel as a function of the microstructure fingerprint (e.g., dislocations and precipitates). To cover a wide temperature–stress domain, two separate PCE surrogates—one that captures softening and the other that captures hardening behavior—are combined using another (sparse) Gaussian process regression model. The resulting constitutive creep surrogate model is integrated within the MOOSE finite element framework to simulate the intricate effects of microstructure, in particular MX-phase precipitates, on a component with a graded microstructure. Surrogate sensitivity analysis is applied to quantify the relevant impact of spatially varying microstructure on the creep response in a test-case involving a Grade 91 alloy with a prototypical weld.
On some Airy sheaves of Laurent type
Authors: Katz Nicholas M. , Rojas-León Antonio , Tiep Pham Huu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe study certain one-parameter families of exponential sums of Airy–Laurent type. Their general theory was developed in Katz and Tiep (Airy sheaves of Laurent type: an introduction, https://web.math.princeton.edu/~nmk/kt31_11sept.pdf). In the present paper, we make use of that general theory to compute monodromy groups in some particularly simple families (in the sense of “simple to remember"), realizing Weyl groups of type $$E_6$$

E
6

and $$E_8$$

E
8

.
Simulation framework and development of the Future Systems Simulator
Authors: Korek W.T. , Beecroft P. , Lone M. , Bragado Aldana E. , Mendez A. , Enconniere J. , Asad H.U. , Grzedzinski K. , Milidere M. , Whidborne J. , Li W.-C. , Lu L. , Alam M. , Asmayawati S. , Del Barrio Conde L. , Hargreaves D. , Jenkins D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Aerospace Integration Research Centre (AIRC) at Cranfield University offers industry and academia an open environment to explore the opportunities for efficient integration of aircraft systems. As a part of the centre, Cranfield University, Rolls-Royce, and DCA Design International jointly have developed the Future Systems Simulator (FSS) for the purpose of research and development in areas such as human factors in aviation, single-pilot operations, future cockpit design, aircraft electrification, and alternative control approaches. Utilising the state-of-the-art modularity principles in simulation technology, the FSS is built to simulate a diverse range of current and novel aircraft, enabling researchers and industry partners to conduct experiments rapidly and efficiently. Central to the requirement, a unique, user-experience-centred development and design process is implemented for the development of the FSS. This paper presents the development process of such a flight simulator with an innovative flight deck. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the FSS’s capabilities through case studies. The cutting-edge versatility and flexibility of the FSS are demonstrated through the diverse example research case studies. In the final section, the authors provide guidance for the development of an engineering flight simulator based on lessons learned in this project.
Ostracism in Japan
Authors: Ramseyer J Mark , Rasmusen Eric B 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInformal social sanctions such as ostracism are the primary means of controlling deviance in communities. Formal legal sanctions are a costly back-up. Yet outside of university laboratories, studies of ostracism barely exist. We examine legal cases brought by targets of ostracism in Japan, encompassing nearly all the non-trivial reported opinions. The cases do not involve villagers who actually offended their community. Instead, most plaintiffs are victims of opportunistic ostracism, where ostracism is used to extort property, hide community-wide malfeasance, or harass rivals. We explore carefully the non-random character of the disputes and provide a formal model in the annex. We conclude that typical plaintiffs in these lawsuits are not seeking to harness the government's coercive power. Instead, they bring suit for the informational role of courts, aiming to have the court publicly certify that they did not misbehave, contrary to what ostracism might be thought to imply. This analysis contributes to the growing body of legal scholarship on social norms and the role of the courts as informational intermediaries.
John Robots, Thurgood Martian, and the Syntax Monster: A New Argument Against AI Judges
Authors: Ebrahimi Afrouzi Amin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper argues that an AI judge is conceptually undesirable and not just something that lies beyond the state of the art in computer science. In a nutshell, even if an AI system could accurately predict how a good human judge would decide a particular case, its prediction would be the product of correlations between such factors as patterns of syntax in bodies of legal texts. This approach of AI systems is insufficient for basing their output on the sort of rationales that are expected of valid judicial decisions in any desirable legal system. Thus, by their very nature, AI systems are incapable of providing valid legal decisions in any such system.
Truly Risk-based Regulation of Artificial Intelligence How to Implement the EU’s AI Act
Authors: Ebers Martin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) of the European Union (EU) claims to be based on a risk-based approach to avoid over-regulation and to respect the principle of legislative proportionality. This paper argues that risk-based regulation is indeed the right approach to AI regulation. At the same time, however, the paper shows that important provisions of the AI Act do not follow a truly risk-based approach. Yet, this is nothing that cannot be fixed. The AI Act provides for sufficient tools to support future-proof legislation and to implement it in line with a genuine risk-based approach. Against this background, the paper analyses how the AI Act should be applied and implemented according to its original intention of a risk-based approach, and what lessons legislators around the world can learn from the AI Act in regulating AI.
Intersective sets for sparse sets of integers
Authors: BIENVENU PIERRE-YVES , GRIESMER JOHN T. , LE ANH N. , LÊ THÁI HOÀNG 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For

$E \subset \mathbb {N}$

, a subset

$R \subset \mathbb {N}$

is E-intersective if for every

$A \subset E$

having positive relative density,

$R \cap (A - A) \neq \varnothing $

. We say that R is chromatically E-intersective if for every finite partition

$E=\bigcup _{i=1}^k E_i$

, there exists i such that

$R\cap (E_i-E_i)\neq \varnothing $

. When

$E=\mathbb {N}$

, we recover the usual notions of intersectivity and chromatic intersectivity. We investigate to what extent the known intersectivity results hold in the relative setting when

$E = \mathbb {P}$

, the set of primes, or other sparse subsets of

$\mathbb {N}$

. Among other things, we prove the following: (1) the set of shifted Chen primes

$\mathbb {P}_{\mathrm {Chen}} + 1$

is both intersective and

$\mathbb {P}$

-intersective; (2) there exists an intersective set that is not

$\mathbb {P}$

-intersective; (3) every

$\mathbb {P}$

-intersective set is intersective; (4) there exists a chromatically

$\mathbb {P}$

-intersective set which is not intersective (and therefore not

$\mathbb {P}$

-intersective).
Conviction or Consent? Tracing the Influence of Coalition Partners on Family Policy under Centre-Right Ministers
Authors: Alvariño Manuel , Thies Milan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many studies have analysed what could motivate centre-right governments to develop progressive family policies, given their historically traditionalist ideology. Updating classic institutionalist accounts, this article expands the focus beyond centre-right parties formally in charge. It argues that in coalition and minority governments, partisan veto players may act as agenda-setters, design policy reforms and successfully exert pressure to approve them through three mechanisms: agreements for government formation, conditions for government survival and bureaucratic continuity. Drawing on novel empirical data from interviews and document analysis, this article applies deductive process tracing to analyse the German parental allowance reform of 2006 and the Spanish 2017 paternity leave extension. The findings complement existing studies that focus on the agency of centre-right parties as ‘protagonists’ of these reforms, arguing that in some cases they have instead ‘consented’ to reforms proposed and supported by other parties.
GNSS reflectometry from low-cost sensors for continuous in situ contemporaneous glacier mass balance and flux divergence
Authors: Wells Albin , Rounce David , Sass Louis , Florentine Caitlyn , Garbo Adam , Baker Emily , McNeil Christopher 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in remote sensing have produced global glacier surface elevation change data. Parsing these elevation change signals into contributions from the climate (i.e. climatic mass balance) and glacier dynamics (i.e. flux divergence) is critical to enhance our process-based understanding of glacier change. In this study, we evaluate three approaches for direct, continuous measurements of the climatic mass balance, flux divergence and elevation change at a site on Gulkana Glacier in Alaska using low-cost global navigation satellite system (GNSS) sensors, GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR), banded ablation stakes with time-lapse cameras and combinations thereof. Cumulative climatic mass balance over the season was 4.85 m and the three approaches were within 0.08 m through early July before the snowpack melted, and within 0.28 m through mid-August. The flux divergence increased from 0.52 ± 0.03 cm d−1 before June 3 to about 0.73 cm d−1 after June 27. We demonstrate a single GNSS system fixed atop an ablation stake can measure contemporaneous climatic mass balance, flux divergence and elevation change based on the antenna's position and GNSS-IR techniques. The ability of these systems to measure glacier mass balance and flux divergence offers unique opportunities for year-round observations on mountain glaciers in the future.
A sky survey of ultraviolet sources observed through AstroSat’s UVIT: A point source catalogue
Authors: Bordoloi Swagat , Shalima P. , Gogoi Rupjyoti , Murthy Jayant 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard India’s first dedicated multiwavelength satellite AstroSat observed a significant fraction of the sky in the ultraviolet with a spatial resolution of 1.4

$^{\prime\prime}$

. We present a catalogue of the point sources observed by UVIT in the far ultraviolet (FUV; 1 300–1 800 Å) and near ultraviolet (NUV; 2 000–3 000 Å). We carried out astrometry and photometry of 428 field pointings in the FUV and 54 field pointings in the NUV band, observed in 5 filter bands in each channel, respectively, covering an area of about 63 square degrees. The final catalogue contains about 102 773 sources. The limiting magnitude(AB) of the F148W band filter, that has the largest number of detections is

$\sim$

$21.3$

. For the NUV channel, we find the limiting magnitude at around

$\sim$

23. We describe the final catalogue and present the results of the statistical analysis.
LOCALLY NILPOTENT SUBGROUPS OF
$\mathrm {GL}_n(D)$
Authors: FALLAH-MOGHADDAM R. , DORBIDI H. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Let A be an F-central simple algebra of degree

$m^2=\prod _{i=1}^k p_i^{2\alpha _i}$

and G be a subgroup of the unit group of A such that

$F[G]=A$

. We prove that if G is a central product of two of its subgroups M and N, then

$F[M]\otimes _F F[N]\cong F[G]$

. Also, if G is locally nilpotent, then G is a central product of subgroups

$H_i$

, where

$[F[H_i]:F]=p_i^{2\alpha _i}$

,

$A=F[G]\cong F[H_1]\otimes _F \cdots \otimes _F F[H_k]$

and

$H_i/Z(G)$

is the Sylow

$p_i$

-subgroup of

$G/Z(G)$

for each i with

$1\leq i\leq k$

. Additionally, there is an element of order

$p_i$

in F for each i with

$1\leq i\leq k$

.
The joint effect of vitamin-D status and tobacco exposure on overweight and obesity in children
Authors: Lin Yanyan , Zeng Gulan , Sun Yanyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the combined effects of serum vitamin-D level and tobacco exposure on the risk of overweight and obesity in children. This cross-sectional study analysed the data of 11 636 children aged 2–17 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys database between 2007 and 2018. Univariable and multivariate weighted logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations of serum vitamin-D or cotinine levels with overweight and obesity in children as well as the combined effects of serum vitamin-D and cotinine on the risk of overweight and obesity in children. Subgroup analysis was performed in terms of gender, age, race and household smokers. OR with corresponding 95 % CI was presented. The elevated risk of overweight and obesity in children was found in those with serum vitamin-D < 20 ng/ml (OR = 1·44, 95 % CI: 1·29, 1·61). Also, the odds of overweight and obesity in children was 1·14 (OR = 1·14, 95 % CI: 1·01, 1·29) in children with cotinine ≥ 0·05 ng/ml. Relative to participants with serum vitamin-D ≥ 20 ng/ml and cotinine < 0·05 ng/ml, increased risk of overweight and obesity was identified in those with serum vitamin-D < 20 ng/ml and cotinine < 0·05 ng/ml (OR = 1·45, 95 % CI: 1·26, 1·68) and serum vitamin-D < 20 ng/ml and cotinine ≥ 0·05 ng/ml (OR = 1·62, 95 % CI: 1·38, 1·91). Serum vitamin-D and cotinine exposure had combined effects on the risk of overweight and obesity in children.
Nutritional interventions in patients with burn injury: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Naeini Fatemeh , Zeraattalab-Motlagh Sheida , Rahimlou Mehran , Ranjbar Mahsa , Hemmati Amirhossein , Habibi Sajedeh , Moradi Sajjad , Mohammadi Hamed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultiple reviews have examined the impact of nutritional interventions in patients with burn injuries; however, discrepancies among results cast doubt about their validity. We implemented this review to assess the impact of various nutritional interventions in adult patients with burn injuries. We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases until 1 August 2024, to identify relevant meta-analyses of intervention trials, examining the impact of nutritional interventions on burn patients. We adopted the random-effect models to determine the pooled effect sizes while employing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) to examine evidence certainty. Thirty-three original intervention trials from eleven meta-analyses were entered in our review. Early enteral nutrition could substantially reduce overall mortality (relative risk (RR): 0·36, 95 % CI: 0·19, 0·68, GRADE = moderate certainty), hospital stay (mean difference (MD): −15·3, 95 % CI: −20·4, −10·2, GRADE = moderate certainty) and sepsis risk (RR: 0·23, 95 % CI: 0·11, 0·45, GRADE = moderate certainty). Glutamine showed a notable decrease in the length of hospital stay (MD: −6·23, 95 % CI: −9·53, −2·94, GRADE = low certainty). However, other nutritional interventions, including combined immunonutrition, branched-chain amino acids, fish oil, ornithine α-ketoglutarate and trace elements, did not significantly affect the assessed clinical outcomes. Early enteral nutrition might impose a beneficial effect on mortality, hospital stay length and incidence of sepsis with moderate evidence. Lower length of hospital stay was also seen in burn patients supplemented with glutamine, although the evidence was weak.
Obesity and risk for liver disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: An Wen , Luo Jing , Yu Zhe , Li Mengqi , Wei Herui , Song Aqian , Mao Yuanpeng , Bian Hao , He Lingling , Xiao Fan , Wei Hongshan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe associations between obesity and liver diseases are complex and diverse. To explore the causal relationships between obesity and liver diseases, we applied two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and multivariable MR analysis. The data of exposures (BMI and WHRadjBMI) and outcomes (liver diseases and liver function biomarker) were obtained from the open genome-wide association study database. A two-sample MR study revealed that the genetically predicted BMI and WHRadjBMI were associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and autoimmune hepatitis. Obesity was not associated with primary biliary cholangitis, liver failure, liver cell carcinoma, viral hepatitis and secondary malignant neoplasm of liver. A higher WHRadjBMI was associated with higher levels of biomarkers of lipid accumulation and metabolic disorders. These findings indicated independent causal roles of obesity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis and impaired liver metabolic function rather than in viral or autoimmune liver disease.
Are food and beverage purchases reflective of dietary intake? Validity of supermarket purchases as indicator of diet quality in the Supreme Nudge Trial
Authors: Colizzi Chiara , Stuber Josine M. , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Beulens Joline W. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDietary intake assessment is often complicated by intrinsic bias. This study investigated whether food purchase data could constitute a valid indication of dietary intake, by evaluating the extent to which diet quality as measured by supermarket food purchases is correlated with diet quality as measured by reported dietary intake. We used data from the Supreme Nudge cluster-randomised controlled supermarket trial (n 227). Data were collected at baseline from supermarket purchases (loyalty cards) and a dietary questionnaire (short forty-item FFQ) to compute two scores reflecting diet quality from purchasing data (purchased diet quality) and FFQ (consumed diet quality). Both scores constituted thirteen food groups and could theoretically range from 0 (low diet quality) to 130 (high diet quality). The relationship between purchased diet quality and consumed diet quality was assessed using correlation coefficients and the Bland–Altman limits-of-agreement method. Multiple linear regression was fitted between purchased diet quality and consumed diet quality, adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, educational level and household size. Consumed and purchased diet qualities were modestly positively correlated (Pearson’s ρ = 0·31, 95 % CI 0·18, 0·42). A positive association from linear regression was found after confounding adjustments (βbaseline = 0·22, 95 % CI 0·10, 0·34). The purchased diet quality was systematically lower than the consumed diet quality. This study found that diet quality as measured by supermarket purchases provided a reasonable indication of diet quality as reported by short-FFQ, albeit modest.
Kernels of minimal characters of solvable groups
Authors: Moretó Alexander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLet G be a finite solvable group. We prove that if $\chi\in{{\operatorname{Irr}}}(G)$ has odd degree and $\chi(1)$ is the minimal degree of the nonlinear irreducible characters of G, then $G/\operatorname{Ker}\chi$ is nilpotent-by-abelian.
The Brun–Hooley sieve for 𝔽2[X] and squarefree shifts of integer polynomials
Authors: Banerjee Pradipto , Kundu Amit 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLet f(x) and g(x) be polynomials in $\mathbb F_{2}[x]$ with ${\rm deg}\text{ } f=n$. It is shown that for $n\gg 1$, there is an $g_{1}(x)\in \mathbb F_{2}[x]$ with ${\rm deg}\text{ } g_{1}\leqslant \max\{{\rm deg}\text{ } g, 6.7\log n\}$ and $g(x)-g_{1}(x)$ having $ \lt 6.7\log n$ terms such that $\gcd(f(x), g_{1}(x))=1$. As an application, it is established using a result of Dubickas and Sha that given $f(x)\in \mathbb F_{2}[x]$ of degree $n\geqslant 1$, there is a separable $g(x)\in 2[x]$ with ${\rm deg}\text{ } g= {\rm deg}\text{ } f$ and satisfying that $f(x)-g(x)$ has $\leqslant 6.7\log n$ terms. As a simple consequence, the latter result holds in $\mathbb Z[x]$ after replacing ‘number of terms’ by the L1-norm of a polynomial and $6.7\log n$ by $6.8\log n$. This improves the bound $(\log n)^{\log 4 +\operatorname{\varepsilon}}$ obtained by Filaseta and Moy.
Estimation of dominance genetic effects on pre-weaning efficiency-related traits in Baluchi sheep
Authors: Ghafouri-Kesbi Farhad , Gholizadeh Mohsen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to estimate the relative contribution of dominance genetic effects to efficiency-related traits including Kleiber ratio (KR), efficiency of growth (EF) and relative growth rate (RGR) in Baluchi sheep. To this end, each trait was analysed with a series of 12 animal models which were identical for fixed and additive genetic effects but differed for combinations of dominance genetic and maternal effects. The Akaike's information criterion (AIC) was used to rank models. (Co)variances between traits were estimated using bivariate analyses. For all traits studied, according to AIC values, models containing the dominance genetic effects provided a better data fit than otherwise identical models. By including dominance genetic effects in the model, additive genetic variance did not change, but a significant decrease was observed in the residual variance (24, 19 and 25% for KR, EF and RGR, respectively). Estimates of dominance heritability $( {\boldsymbol h}_{\boldsymbol d}^ 2 )$ were 0.20 ± 0.05, 0.17 ± 0.05 and 0.19 ± 0.07 for KR, EF and RGR, respectively, more than corresponding estimates of additive heritability ${\bf ( }{\boldsymbol h}_{\boldsymbol a}^{\bf 2} {\bf ) }$ as 0.14 ± 0.02, 0.09 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.02, respectively. Dominance genetic correlations between traits were 0.89 ± 0.17 (KR-EF), 0.86 ± 0.20 (KR-RGR) and 0.93 ± 0.21 (EF-RGR). Additive genetic correlations between traits were 0.84 ± 0.05 (KR-EF), 0.78 ± 0.04 (KR-RGR) and 0.83 ± 0.04 (EF-RGR). The Spearman correlation between additive breeding values including and excluding dominance genetic effects were close to unity either for all animals or top ranked animals. Since presence of dominance genetic effects increased the model power to fit the data, inclusion of these effects in the genetic evaluation models for Baluchi sheep was recommended.