bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Fake News’ in urology: evaluating the accuracy of articles shared on social media in genitourinary malignancies
Authors: Alsyouf Muhannad , Stokes Phillip , Hur Dan , Amasyali Akin , Ruckle Herbert , Hu Brian 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of the most popular articles on social media platforms pertaining to genitourinary malignancies, and to identify the prevalence of misinformation available to patients.Materials and MethodsThe 10 most shared articles on popular social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Reddit) were identified for prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, testis cancer, and PSA testing using a social media analysis tool (August 2017 and August 2018). Articles were reviewed for accuracy by comparing the article information against available scientific research and consensus data. They were classified as accurate, misleading or inaccurate. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used for statistical comparison.ResultsArticles pertaining to prostate cancer were the most shared across all social media platforms (399 000 shares), followed by articles pertaining to kidney cancer (115 000), bladder cancer (17 894), PSA testing (8827) and testicular cancer (7045). The prevalence of inaccurate or misleading articles was high: prostate cancer, 7/10 articles; kidney, 3/10 articles; bladder, 2/10 articles; testis, 2/10 articles; and PSA testing, 1/10 articles. There was a significantly higher average number of shares for inaccurate (54 000 shares; P < 0.01) and misleading articles (7040 shares; P < 0.01) than for accurate articles (1900 shares). Inaccurate articles were 28 times more likely to be shared than factual articles.ConclusionMisleading or inaccurate information on genitourinary malignancies is commonly shared on social media. This study highlights the importance of directing patients to appropriate cancer resources and potentially argues for oversight by the medical and technology communities.
Hydrogen sulfide and dermatological diseases
Authors: Coavoy‐Sánchez Silvia A. , Costa Soraia K. P. , Muscará Marcelo N. 
Published: May 2019

Skin diseases constitute a major health problem affecting a high proportion of the population every day and have different aetiologies that include inflammation, infections, and tumours. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signalling molecule recognized as a gasotransmitter together with NO and carbon monoxide. Under physiological conditions, H2S is produced in the skin by enzymic pathways and plays a physiological role in a variety of functions, such as vasodilatation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Alterations of H2S production are implicated in a variety of dermatological diseases, such as psoriasis, melanoma, and other dermatoses. On the other hand, H2S‐releasing‐based therapies based on H2S donor compounds are being developed to treat some of these situations. In this review, we provide an up‐to‐date overview of the role of H2S in the normal skin and its clinical and pathological significance, as well as the therapeutic potential of different H2S donors for treatment of skin diseases.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Hydrogen Sulfide in Biology & Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.4/issuetoc
Infants’ intentionally communicative vocalizations elicit responses from caregivers and are the best predictors of the transition to language: A longitudinal investigation of infants’ vocalizations, gestures and word production
Authors: Donnellan Ed , Bannard Colin , McGillion Michelle L. , Slocombe Katie E. , Matthews Danielle 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhat aspects of infants’ prelinguistic communication are most valuable for learning to speak, and why? We test whether early vocalizations and gestures drive the transition to word use because, in addition to indicating motoric readiness, they (a) are early instances of intentional communication and (b) elicit verbal responses from caregivers. In study 1, 11 month olds (N = 134) were observed to coordinate vocalizations and gestures with gaze to their caregiver's face at above chance rates, indicating that they are plausibly intentionally communicative. Study 2 tested whether those infant communicative acts that were gaze‐coordinated best predicted later expressive vocabulary. We report a novel procedure for predicting vocabulary via multi‐model inference over a comprehensive set of infant behaviours produced at 11 and 12 months (n = 58). This makes it possible to establish the relative predictive value of different behaviours that are hierarchically organized by level of granularity. Gaze‐coordinated vocalizations were the most valuable predictors of expressive vocabulary size up to 24 months. Study 3 established that caregivers were more likely to respond to gaze‐coordinated behaviours. Moreover, the dyadic combination of infant gaze‐coordinated vocalization and caregiver response was by far the best predictor of later vocabulary size. We conclude that practice with prelinguistic intentional communication facilitates the leap to symbol use. Learning is optimized when caregivers respond to intentional vocalizations with appropriate language.
Evaluating seasonal patterns of female aggression: Case study in a cavity‐nesting bird with intense female–female competition
Authors: Bentz Alexandra B. , Philippi Kelsey J. , Rosvall Kimberly A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeasonal plasticity in aggression is likely to be shaped by the contexts in which aggression is beneficial, as well as the constraints inherent in its underlying mechanisms. In males, seasonal plasticity in testosterone (T) secretion is thought to underlie seasonal plasticity in conspecific aggression, but it is less clear how and why female aggression may vary across different breeding stages. Here, we integrate functional and mechanistic perspectives to begin to explore seasonal patterns of conspecific aggression in female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), a songbird with intense female–female competition and T‐mediated aggression. Female tree swallows elevate T levels during early breeding stages, coinciding with competition for nest boxes, after which time T levels are roughly halved. However, females need to defend ownership of their nesting territory throughout the breeding season, suggesting it may be adaptive to maintain aggressive capabilities, despite low T levels. We performed simulated territorial intrusions using 3D‐printed decoys of female tree swallows to determine how their aggressive response to a simulated intrusion changes across the breeding season. First, we found that 3D‐printed decoys produce data comparable to stage‐matched studies using live decoys, providing researchers with a new, more economical method of decoy construction. Further, female aggressiveness remained relatively high through incubation, a period of time when T levels are quite low, suggesting that other mechanisms may regulate conspecific female aggression during parental periods. By showing that seasonal patterns of female aggression do not mirror the established patterns of T levels in this highly competitive bird, our findings provide a unique glimpse into how behavioural mechanisms and functions may interact across breeding stages to regulate plasticity.
Low‐temperature thermochronological database of bedrock in the Japanese Islands
Authors: Sueoka Shigeru , Tagami Takahiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo provide better access to thermochronological data and understand the long‐term denudation history of the Japanese Islands, we compiled a low‐temperature thermochronological dataset of fission‐track (FT) and (U–Th–Sm)/He (He) ages for apatite and zircon in bedrocks. These thermochronometric ages are compiled from 90 literature sources and 1,096 localities, and include 418 apatite FT ages, 851 zircon FT ages, 42 apatite He ages, and 30 zircon He ages. Many FT ages have been reported previously; however, the number of He ages is limited in the Japanese Islands. The compiled data are spatially biased; for instance, more data are reported for the Chubu and Kinki districts and the Pacific coast of the Shikoku Island, whereas less data were available for the Tohoku and Chugoku districts. For better understanding arc‐scale uplift‐denudation history, further thermochronological research in the lesser‐studied regions and more He thermochronometric measurements are desired. This compilation will be updated and provided on the website of the Fission‐Track Research Group in Japan (http://ftrgj.org/index.html).
Enhanced safety and immunogenicity of a pneumococcal surface antigen A mutant whole‐cell inactivated pneumococcal vaccine
Authors: David Shannon C , Laan Zoe , Minhas Vikrant , Chen Austen Y , Davies Justin , Hirst Timothy R , McColl Shaun R , Alsharifi Mohammed , Paton James C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExisting capsular polysaccharide‐based vaccines against pneumococcal disease are highly effective against vaccine‐included serotypes, but they are unable to combat serotype replacement. We have developed a novel pneumococcal vaccine that confers serotype‐independent protection, and could therefore constitute a “universal” vaccine formulation. This preparation is comprised of whole un‐encapsulated pneumococci inactivated with gamma irradiation (γ‐PN), and we have previously reported induction of cross‐reactive immunity after nonadjuvanted intranasal vaccination. To further enhance vaccine immunogenicity and safety, we modified the pneumococcal vaccine strain to induce a stressed state during growth. Specifically, the substrate binding component of the psaBCA operon for manganese import was mutated to create a pneumococcal surface antigen A (psaA) defective vaccine strain. psaA mutation severely attenuated the growth of the vaccine strain in vitro without negatively affecting pneumococcal morphology, thereby enhancing vaccine safety. In addition, antibodies raised against vaccine preparations based on the modified strain [γ‐PN(ΔPsaA)] showed more diversified reactivity to wild‐type pneumococcal challenge strains compared to those induced by the original formulation. The modified vaccine also induced comparable protective TH17 responses in the lung, and conferred greater protection against lethal heterologous pneumococcal challenge. Overall, the current study demonstrates successful refinement of a serotype‐independent pneumococcal vaccine candidate to enhance safety and immunogenicity.
Tunable white light and energy transfer of Eu2+‐Tb3+‐Eu3+ tri‐activated glasses synthesized in air
Authors: Guo Hai , Teng Liming , Wei Rongfei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn ever increasing demand for white light‐emitting diodes (W‐LEDs) results in the gradual growth of research on functionalized luminescent glasses. In this paper, single‐composition tunable white‐emitting Eu2+‐Tb3+‐Eu3+ tri‐activated glasses were synthesized by melt quenching method without additional reducing atmosphere. The coexistence of Eu2+ and Eu3+ was confirmed by ultraviolet‐visible transmission spectra, photoluminescent spectra, fluorescence decay curves, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Tb3+ can act as bridge to connect Eu2+‐Eu3+ luminescent centers by energy transfer. Tone‐tunable white light can be achieved by coupling the emission centered at 412, 541, and 612 nm contributed from Eu2+, Tb3+, and Eu3+, respectively. By adjusting the relative content of Eu2+/Tb3+/Eu3+, ideal chromaticity coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) can be achieved under excitation of ultraviolet light. High thermal stability and tiny chromaticity shift were exhibited in samples. These results suggest that Eu2+‐Tb3+‐Eu3+ tri‐activated glasses have great potential application in ultraviolet‐driven W‐LEDs.
Desperate Journeys
Authors: Adams Jeff 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAt a time of endemic xenophobia some artists have attempted to resist this trend by depicting its damaging consequences, revealing the inequalities that fuel its disfigurement of human relations and result in mass human displacement. Paul Dash's recent paintings of refugees attempting dangerous and degrading sea crossings are the main subject of this article, and these works are discussed in the context of his negative educational experiences as a child, and his salvation through painting in the sanctuary of his school's art room. This school experience and the trajectory of his artistic career are contextualised by the current marginalisation of the arts in the curriculum and the increasing scarcity of critical and creative approaches to education.
How does spatial resolution affect model performance? A case for ensemble approaches for marine benthic mesophotic communities
Authors: Turner Joseph A. , Babcock Russell C. , Kendrick Gary A. , Hovey Renae K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate how changing grid size can alter model predictions of the distribution of mesophotic taxa and how it affects different modelling methods.LocationNingaloo Marine Park, Western Australia.TaxonBenthic mesophotic taxa: corals, macroalgae and sponges.MethodsWe determined the distributions of the major benthic taxonomic groups: corals, macroalgae and sponges, using a number of modelling techniques and an ensemble using the ‘sdm’ R package. A range of grid sizes were used (10, 50, 100 and 250 m) to identify how model predictions were altered. Models were evaluated using the area under the curve of a receiver operator characteristic plot (AUC) and the true skill statistic (TSS) using a spatially independent dataset.ResultsGrid size had a large effect on model performance across the taxonomic groups. Model outputs were compared to null surfaces and 88.8% of models performed significantly better than null. Distribution of corals was best predicted using the finest grid size (10 m) regardless of modelling method, although a model ensemble produced the best results (AUC = 0.80, TSS = 0.52). Macroalgae and sponges were better predicted at coaster grids sizes (250 m). Again, ensembles performed well for both macroalgae (AUC = 0.83, TSS = 0.63) and sponges (AUC = 0.88, TSS = 0.66). Model ensembles maintained high accuracy across grid sizes and were consistently the best, or second‐best, performing method.Main conclusionsThis study has shown how grid size should be considered when producing distribution models. Identifying the most relevant grid size and being aware of the influence it may have will provide more accurate predictions of the distributions of taxa. Ensemble methods maintained good performance across scenarios and thus provide a useful tool for conservation and management especially where single modelling methods showed high levels of variability.
Initial experience with transcatheter pacemaker implantation for adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Russell Matthew R , Galloti Roberto , Moore Jeremy P 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransvenous pacemaker systems have significant advantages over epicardial systems in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Frequently though, unique anatomic challenges preclude the use of transvenous leads. Although originally developed for patient with normal anatomy, leadless pacemaker systems have enormous potential in the CHD population.ObjectiveTo describe an initial experience with leadless pacemaker implantation in adult patients with CHD who were not the candidates for traditional transvenous pacing.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of the experience with Micra Transcatheter Pacing System implantation in adult patients with CHD. Patient demographics, clinical history, pacing indications, procedural details, clinical outcomes, and pacing characteristics at follow‐up are reported.ResultsThree patients with intracardiac shunts or tricuspid valve disorders who underwent leadless pacemaker placement are described. Pacing indications included sinus node dysfunction in two and permanent atrial fibrillation with atrioventricular (AV) block in one. There were no procedural or thromboembolic complications over the follow‐up period. Pacing characteristics were acceptable and ventricular pacing burden remained low except for the single patient with AV block.ConclusionsLeadless pacemaker systems are a viable pacing option for appropriately selected adult patients with CHD when transvenous pacing is not a suitable option.
Clinical feasibility of pulmonary vein orifice pacing for the prediction of phrenic nerve injury during cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Sano Makoto , Urushida Tsuyoshi , Matsukura Gaku , Sakakibara Tomoaki , Suwa Kenichiro , Naruse Yoshihisa , Ohtani Hayato , Saotome Masao , Maekawa Yuichiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionPhrenic nerve (PN) injury is a well‐known complication of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, it is still insufficient to practically predict phrenic nerve injury (PNI) before freezing. We hypothesized that phrenic nerve capture (PNC) with phrenic nerve orifice pacing (PVOP) might be a surrogate sign of the close proximity of the PN, and that might predict PNI and changes in the compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitude.MethodsSeventy patients (60 ± 12 years, male 80%, paroxysmal 56%) underwent PVOP with a 20‐electrode ring catheter before the CBA. The clinical outcome was the occurrence of transient and persistent PNI. In addition, the PV position and pacing threshold during PNC with PVOP, and changes in the CMAP amplitude were recorded. We compared these measurements between patients with and without PNC (PNC/non‐PNC group) with PVOP.ResultsPNC with PVOP occurred in 39 (56%) patients and was localized only to the right superior PV. Transient PNI occurred in seven (10%) patients and permanent in none. The CMAP amplitude decreased significantly more in the PNC group (PNC 33% vs non‐PNC 16%, P = .027). PNC group had a higher risk of the composite outcome of transient PNI or ≥30% decrease in the CMAP amplitude (PNC 54% vs non‐PNC 13%; P < .001).ConclusionsThis PVOP technique could be feasible and contribute to predicting transient PNI and CMAP amplitude reductions before cryoapplications. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the additional efficacy of PVOP over CMAP monitoring alone.
Assessing phenotypic and polygenic models of ADHD to identify mechanisms of risk for longitudinal trajectories of externalizing behaviors
Authors: Li James J. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundChildren with ADHD frequently engage in higher rates of externalizing behaviors in adulthood relative to children without. However, externalizing behaviors vary across development. Little is known about how this risk unfolds across development. Phenotypic and polygenic models of childhood ADHD were used to predict individual differences in adult externalizing trajectories. Supportive parenting, school connectedness, and peer closeness were then examined as causal mechanisms.MethodsData were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 7,674). Externalizing behavior was measured using data from age 18 to 32 and modeled using latent class growth analysis. Child ADHD was measured using retrospective self‐report (phenotypic model) and genome‐wide polygenic risk scores (polygenic model). Multiple mediation models examined the direct and indirect effects of the phenotypic and polygenic models (separately) on externalizing trajectories through the effects of adolescent supportive parenting, school connectedness, and peer closeness.ResultsPhenotypic and polygenic models of ADHD were associated with being in the High Decreasing (3.2% of sample) and Moderate (16.1%) adult externalizing trajectories, but not the severe Low Increasing trajectory (2.6%), relative to the Normal trajectory (78.2%). Associations between both models of ADHD on the High Decreasing and Moderate trajectories were partially mediated through the effects of school connectedness, but not supportive parenting or peer closeness.ConclusionsFindings shed light on how childhood ADHD affects downstream psychosocial processes that then predict specific externalizing outcomes in adulthood. They also reinforce the importance of fostering a strong school environment for adolescents with (and without) ADHD, as this context plays a critical role in shaping the development of externalizing behaviors in adulthood.
Salmon cells SHK‐1 internalize infectious pancreatic necrosis virus by macropinocytosis
Authors: Levicán‐Asenjo Jorge , Soto‐Rifo Ricardo , Aguayo Francisco , Gaggero Aldo , Leon Oscar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe have previously shown that infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) enters the embryo cell line CHSE‐214 by macropinocytosis. In this study, we have extended our investigation into SHK‐1 cells, a macrophage‐like cell line derived from the head kidney of Atlantic salmon, the most economically important host of IPNV. We show that IPNV infection stimulated fluid uptake in SHK‐1 cells above the constitutive macropinocytosis level. In addition, upon infection of SHK‐1 cells, IPNV produced several changes in actin dynamics, such as protrusions and ruffles, which are important features of macropinocytosis. We also observed that the Na+/H+ pump inhibitor EIPA blocked IPNV infection. On the other hand, IPNV entry was independent of clathrin, a possibility that could not be ruled out in CHSE 214 cells. In order to determine the possible role of accessory factors on the macropinocytic process, we tested several inhibitors that affect components of transduction pathways. While pharmacological intervention of PKI3, PAK‐1 and Rac1 did not affect IPNV infection, inhibition of Ras and Rho GTPases as well as Cdc42 resulted in a partial decrease in IPNV infection. Further studies will be required to determine the signalling pathway involved in the macropinocytosis‐mediated entry of IPNV into its target cells.
Polyostotic cortical hyperostosis in an 8‐week‐old cat with a 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Allevi G. , Serafini F. 
Published: May 2019

A 2 month‐old female cat, mixed breed, was referred for difficulty moving and severe enlargement of the mandible and limbs. Polyostotic cortical hyperostosis was diagnosed based on diagnostic imaging and histopathological changes of the mandible and limbs. Marked cortical bone thickening was detected on radiographs and CT scan images. The diaphyses of both radii and ulnae, together with the mandibular rami and bodies, were most severely affected. The many similarities shared with the human condition, Caffey's disease, are discussed.