bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pesticidal natural products – status and future potential
Authors: Marrone Pamela G 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere is a long history of using natural products as the basis for creating new pesticides but there is still a relatively low percentage of naturally derived pesticides relative to the number of pharmaceuticals derived from natural sources. Biopesticides as defined and regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been around for 70 years, starting with Bacillus thuringiensis, but they are experiencing rapid growth as the products have got better and more science‐based, and there are more restrictions on synthetic chemical pesticides. As such, biopesticides are still a small percentage (approximately US$3–4 billion) of the US$61.3 billion pesticide market. The growth of biopesticides is projected to outpace that of chemical pesticides, with compounded annual growth rates of between 10% and 20%. When integrated into crop production and pest management programs, biopesticides offer the potential for higher crop yields and quality than chemical‐only programs. Added benefits include reduction or elimination of chemical residues, therefore easing export, enabling delay in the development of resistance by pests and pathogens to chemicals and shorter field re‐entry, biodegradability and production using agricultural raw materials versus fossil fuels, and low risk to non‐target organisms, including pollinators. Challenges to the adoption of biopesticides include lack of awareness and education in how to deploy their unique modes of action in integrated programs, testing products alone versus in integrated programs, and lingering perceptions of cost and efficacy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Distributed filtering for nonlinear time‐delay systems over sensor networks subject to multiplicative link noises and switching topology
Authors: Ma Lifeng , Wang Zidong , Liu Yurong , Alsaadi Fuad E. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the distributed filtering problem for a class of nonlinear time‐delay system over sensor networks subject to multiplicative link noises and switching topology. Both discrete and distributed time delays are included in the system model. Each sensor estimates the system state by means of the measurements not only from itself but also from its neighboring nodes according to an interactive topology. The multiplicative stochastic link noises are taken into consideration to reflect the random perturbations during the information exchanges between sensor nodes. The considered communication topology is switching according to certain predetermined rules. The purpose of the addressed problem is to develop a distributed filtering strategy such that, in the presence of multiplicative stochastic link noises and switching topology, the resulting filtering error dynamics is exponentially stable in the mean square sense and also satisfies the prespecified weighted disturbance attenuation level. In light of the average dwell time technique in combination with stochastic analysis, sufficient conditions are derived for the solvability of the addressed distributed filtering problem, and the desired filtering gains are then obtained through solving certain convex optimization problems. An illustrative simulation example is presented to demonstrate the correctness and applicability of the obtained theoretical results.
Kindling the fire: Fueling preservice science teachers' interest to teach in high‐needs schools
Authors: Kier Meredith W. , Chen Jason A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study applies psychological models of interest and motivation (i.e., a model of interest‐development and self‐determination theory) to the experiences of six preservice science Noyce scholars who participated in a teacher preparation program. The National Science Foundation's Noyce grant aims to incentivize mathematics and science majors to teach in high‐needs school districts. Through this interview study, we sought to understand how Noyce scholars' pre‐existing interests and their experiences in the Noyce program interact to develop individual commitments to teach in high‐needs school settings. Case studies reveal that scholars had no prior experiences in high‐needs schools, abstract ideas about teachers, students, and resources in these contexts, and varying degrees of initial connectedness to teaching in high‐needs school settings. Scholars found that site visits to diverse high‐needs schools (i.e., rural and urban) triggered their interest to teach in similar contexts. Preservice science teachers' emerging interest and level of commitment to teaching in high‐needs schools following the teacher preparation program was dependent upon context‐specific mastery experiences and autonomy within their long‐term clinical field experience. This study offers implications for teacher educators who are recruiting and preparing students to teach in high‐needs school contexts.
First Principle Molecular Dynamics of the Oxidation of Methyl‐Hydroxybenzoic Acid Esters by Hydroxyl Radical in Water: Importance of the Number of Hydroxyl Groups
Authors: Lespade Laure 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydroxyl radical is the most harmful specie in living cells. It is involved in a lot of diseases and in radiation biology. However its reactivity in aqueous medium is not completely understood. In this study, the oxidation of three esters of substituted benzoates, methyl gallate, methyl 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoate and methyl 3‐hydroxybenzoate in clusters of fifty water molecules, was analyzed by ab initio molecular dynamics using Carr‐Parrinello (CPMD) code. The two previous molecules are major metabolites of antioxidant polyphenols contained in green tea and possess significant biological activities. The three compounds, that differs only by their number of hydroxyl groups, present completely different reactivity towards hydroxyl radical. The two previous give an electron to the radical through “wires” of water molecules. The reaction occurs when the two reactants are relatively far from each other, excluding other type of reaction. Hydroxyl radical reacts with methyl 3‐hydroxybenzoate when the two reactants are in contact. Two kinds of reactions have been observed: addition to the ring in position ortho or para to hydroxyl group or donation of a hydrogen atom.
Characterizing the Binding Interaction between Erlotinib and Calf Thymus DNA In Vitro Using Multi‐Spectroscopic Methodologies and Viscosity Measurement Combined with Molecular Docking and DFT Calculation
Authors: Chen Xue‐Jun , Wang Bao‐Li , Zhou Kai‐Li , Lou Yan‐Yue , Kou Song‐Bo , Lin Zhen‐Yi , Shi Jie‐Hua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe binding interaction between erlotinib (ELTN) and calf thymus DNA (ct‐DNA) was characterized with the help of multi‐spectroscopic approaches, viscosity measurement and molecular docking as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculation to get critical information regarding ELTN binding to DNA. The findings confirmed that ELTN acted with ct‐DNA and formed the ELTN‐DNA complex with the binding constant of 2.37×103 M−1 (298 K) and the binding rate of ELTN was larger than 99% when C(ELTN)=8 μM and C(DNA) > 50.6 μM at 298 K, ELTN bound to the rich A−T minor groove of ct‐DNA, and the helical configuration of ct‐DNA slightly changes after binding ELTN but still kept B‐form while the conformation, atomic charge distribution, dipole moment, and frontier molecular orbitals of ELTN in the DNA complex obviously altered to satisfy with a larger global Hardness and the conformational adaptation. During the binding process, the ELTN interacting with ct‐DNA is endothermic, spontaneous, and entropy‐driven because of ΔH0 > 0, ΔG0 < 0, and |ΔH0|<|TΔS0|, and the dominated driving force was hydrophobic interaction.
Light‐Induced ROS Generation and 2‐DG‐Activated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Antitumor Nanosystems: An Effective Combination Therapy by Regulating the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Dong Mei , Xiao Xuan‐Zhong , Su Zhi‐Gui , Yu Zheng‐Hang , Qian Cheng‐Gen , Liu Jia‐Hao , Zhao Jia‐Cheng , Shen Qun‐Dong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA multimodal cancer therapeutic nanoplatform is reported. It demonstrates a promising approach to synergistically regulating the tumor microenvironment. The combination of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by irradiation of photosensitizer and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by 2‐deoxy‐glucose (2‐DG) has a profound effect on necrotic or apoptotic cell death. Especially, targeting metabolic pathway by 2‐DG is a promising strategy to promote the effect of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. The nanoplatform can readily release its cargoes inside cancer cells and combines the advantages of ROS‐sensitive releasing chemotherapeutic drugs, upregulating apoptosis pathways under ER stress, light‐induced generation of cytotoxic ROS, achieving tumor accumulation, and in vivo fluorescence imaging capability. This work highlights the importance of considering multiple intracellular stresses as design parameters for nanoscale functional materials in cell biology, immune response, as well as medical treatments of cancer, Alzheimer's disease, etc.
Science teachers' pedagogical content knowledge development during enactment of socioscientific curriculum materials
Authors: Bayram‐Jacobs Durdane , Henze Ineke , Evagorou Maria , Shwartz Yael , Aschim Elin Leirvoll , Alcaraz‐Dominguez Silvia , Barajas Mario , Dagan Etty 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to provide insight into short‐term professionalization of teachers regarding teaching socioscientific issues (SSI). The study aimed to capture the development of science teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for SSI teaching by enacting specially designed SSI curriculum materials. The study also explores indicators of stronger and weaker development of PCK for SSI teaching. Thirty teachers from four countries (Cyprus, Israel, Norway, and Spain) used one module (30–60 min lesson) of SSI materials. The data were collected through: (a) lesson preparation form (PCK‐before), (b) lesson reflection form (PCK‐after), (c) lesson observation table (PCK‐in‐action). The data analysis was based on the PCK model of Magnusson, Krajcik, and Borko (1999). Strong development of PCK for SSI teaching includes “Strong interconnections between the PCK components,” “Understanding of students' difficulties in SSI learning,” “Suggesting appropriate instructional strategies,” and “Focusing equally on science content and SSI skills.” Our findings point to the importance of these aspects of PCK development for SSI teaching. We argue that when professional development programs and curriculum materials focus on developing these aspects, they will contribute to strong PCK development for SSI teaching. The findings regarding the development in the components of PCK for SSI provide compelling evidence that science teachers can develop aspects of their PCK for SSI with the use of a single module. Most of the teachers developed their knowledge about students' understanding of science and instructional strategies. The recognition of student difficulties made the teacher consider specific teaching strategies which are in line with the learning objectives. There is an evident link between the development of PCK in instructional strategies and students' understanding of science for SSI teaching.
Causability and explainability of artificial intelligence in medicine
Authors: Holzinger Andreas , Langs Georg , Denk Helmut , Zatloukal Kurt , Müller Heimo 
Published: April 2019

Explainable artificial intelligence (AI) is attracting much interest in medicine. Technically, the problem of explainability is as old as AI itself and classic AI represented comprehensible retraceable approaches. However, their weakness was in dealing with uncertainties of the real world. Through the introduction of probabilistic learning, applications became increasingly successful, but increasingly opaque. Explainable AI deals with the implementation of transparency and traceability of statistical black‐box machine learning methods, particularly deep learning (DL). We argue that there is a need to go beyond explainable AI. To reach a level of explainable medicine we need causability. In the same way that usability encompasses measurements for the quality of use, causability encompasses measurements for the quality of explanations. In this article, we provide some necessary definitions to discriminate between explainability and causability as well as a use‐case of DL interpretation and of human explanation in histopathology. The main contribution of this article is the notion of causability, which is differentiated from explainability in that causability is a property of a person, while explainability is a property of a systemThis article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Human Centricity and User Interaction
Laparoscopic versus hybrid approach for treatment of incisional ventral hernia: a prospective randomised multicentre study, 1-year results
Authors: Ahonen-Siirtola Mirella , Nevala Terhi , Vironen Jaana , Kössi Jyrki , Pinta Tarja , Niemeläinen Susanna , Keränen Ulla , Ward Jaana , Vento Pälvi , Karvonen Jukka , Ohtonen Pasi , Mäkelä Jyrki , Rautio Tero 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Laparoscopic incisional ventral hernia repair (LIVHR) is often followed by seroma formation, bulging and failure to restore abdominal wall function. These outcomes are risk factors for hernia recurrence, chronic pain and poor quality of life (QoL). We aimed to evaluate whether LIVHR combined with defect closure (hybrid) follows as a diminished seroma formation and thereby has a lower rate of hernia recurrence and chronic pain compared to standard LIVHR.

Methods
This study is a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial. From November 2012 to May 2015, 193 patients undergoing LIVHR for primary incisional hernia with fascial defect size from 2 to 7 cm were recruited in 11 Finnish hospitals. Patients were randomised to either a laparoscopic (LG) or a hybrid (HG) repair group. The main outcome measure was hernia recurrence, evaluated clinically and radiologically at a 1-year follow-up visit. At the same time, chronic pain scores and QoL were also measured.

Results
At the 1-year-control visit, we found no difference in hernia recurrence between the study groups. Altogether, 11 recurrent hernias were found in ultrasound examination, producing a recurrence rate of 6.4%. Of these recurrences, 6 (6.7%) were in the LG group and 5 (6.1%) were in the HG group (p > 0.90). The visual analogue scores for pain were low in both groups; the mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was 1.5 in LG and 1.4 in HG (p = 0.50). QoL improved significantly comparing preoperative status to 1 year after operation in both groups since the bodily pain score increased by 7.8 points (p < 0.001) and physical functioning by 4.3 points (p = 0.014).

Conclusion
Long-term follow-up is needed to demonstrate the potential advantage of a hybrid operation with fascial defect closure. Both techniques had low hernia recurrence rates 1 year after operation. LIVHR reduces chronic pain and physical impairment and improves QoL.
Trial Registry: Clinical trial number NCT02542085.
Neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders: Proposal for a Neuroimaging Biomarker Utility System
Authors: van Eimeren Thilo , Antonini Angelo , Berg Daniela , Bohnen Nico , Ceravolo Roberto , Drzezga Alexander , Höglinger Günter U. , Higuchi Makoto , Lehericy Stephane , Lewis Simon , Monchi Oury , Nestor Peter , Ondrus Matej , Pavese Nicola , Peralta María Cecilia , Piccini Paola , Pineda‐Pardo José Ángel , Rektorová Irena , Rodríguez‐Oroz María , Rominger Axel , Seppi Klaus , Stoessl A. Jon , Tessitore Alessandro , Thobois Stephane , Kaasinen Valtteri , Wenning Gregor , Siebner Hartwig R. , Strafella Antonio P. , Rowe James B. ,   MDS Neuroimaging Study Group and the JPND Working Group ASAP‐SynTau
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic strategies targeting protein aggregations are ready for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders. Therefore, there is an urgent need for neuroimaging biomarkers to help with the early detection of neurodegenerative processes, the early differentiation of the underlying pathology, and the objective assessment of disease progression. However, there currently is not yet a consensus in the field on how to describe utility of biomarkers for clinical trials in atypical parkinsonian disorders.MethodsTo promote standardized use of neuroimaging biomarkers for clinical trials, we aimed to develop a conceptual framework to characterize in more detail the kind of neuroimaging biomarkers needed in atypical parkinsonian disorders, identify the current challenges in ascribing utility of these biomarkers, and propose criteria for a system that may guide future studies.ResultsAs a consensus outcome, we describe the main challenges in ascribing utility of neuroimaging biomarkers in atypical parkinsonian disorders, and we propose a conceptual framework that includes a graded system for the description of utility of a specific neuroimaging measure. We included separate categories for the ability to accurately identify an intention‐to‐treat patient population early in the disease (Early), to accurately detect a specific underlying pathology (Specific), and the ability to monitor disease progression (Progression).DiscussionWe suggest that the advancement of standardized neuroimaging in the field of atypical parkinsonian disorders will be furthered by a well‐defined reference frame for the utility of biomarkers. The proposed utility system allows a detailed and graded description of the respective strengths of neuroimaging biomarkers in the currently most relevant areas of application in clinical trials.
A conditional space–time POD formalism for intermittent and rare events: example of acoustic bursts in turbulent jets
Authors: Schmidt Oliver T. , Schmid Peter J. 
Published: April 2019

We present a conditional space–time proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) formulation that is tailored to the eduction of the average, rare or intermittent events from an ensemble of realizations of a fluid process. By construction, the resulting spatio-temporal modes are coherent in space and over a predefined finite time horizon, and optimally capture the variance, or energy of the ensemble. For the example of intermittent acoustic radiation from a turbulent jet, we introduce a conditional expectation operator that focuses on the loudest events, as measured by a pressure probe in the far field and contained in the tail of the pressure signal’s probability distribution. Applied to high-fidelity simulation data, the method identifies a statistically significant ‘prototype’, or average acoustic burst event that is tracked over time. Most notably, the burst event can be traced back to its precursor, which opens up the possibility of prediction of an imminent burst. We furthermore investigate the mechanism underlying the prototypical burst event using linear stability theory and find that its structure and evolution are accurately predicted by optimal transient growth theory. The jet-noise problem demonstrates that the conditional space–time POD formulation applies even for systems with probability distributions that are not heavy-tailed, i.e. for systems in which events overlap and occur in rapid succession.
Adapting Very Brief Advice (VBA) on smoking for use in low-resource settings: experience from the FRESH AIR project
Authors: McEwen Andy , Pooler Jill , Lionis Christos , Papadakis Sophia , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Anastasaki Marilena , An Pham Le , Vinh Nguyen Nhu , Binh Pham Duong Uyen , Quỳnh Nguyĕn Nhật , Tuãn Trãn Diêp , Talant Sooronbaev , Tabyshova Aizhamal , Beyshenbekova Alina , Marazhapov Nuriddin , Sheraliev Ulan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionVery Brief Advice (VBA) on smoking is an evidence-based intervention and a recommended clinical practice for all healthcare professionals in the UK.AimsWe report on experience from the FRESH AIR project in adapting the VBA model and training in three low-resource settings: Greece, Vietnam and Kyrgyzstan.MethodsUsing a participatory research process, UK experts and local stakeholders conducted an environmental scan and needs assessment to examine the VBA intervention model, training materials and recommend adaptations to the local context. Two VBA training sessions were piloted in each country to inform adaptation. A final training tool kit was developed in the local language.ResultsIn each country, the VBA on smoking intervention model remained primarily intact. The lack of a formal smoking cessation system to refer motivated clients in two countries required adaptation of the ACT component of the model. A range of local adaptations to the training resources were made in all three countries to ensure cultural appropriateness as well as enhance key messages including expanding training on nicotine addiction, second-hand smoke and pharmacotherapy.ConclusionsImplementation of VBA requires sensitive, collaborative, local and cultural adaptation if it is to be achieved successfully.Trial registrationTrial ID# NTR5759Critical appraisal toolsThe Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) statement: https://www.equator-network.org/reporting-guidelines/stari-statement/
AN ABSTRACT ELEMENTARY CLASS NONAXIOMATIZABLE IN
Authors: HENRY SIMON 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe show that for any uncountable cardinal λ, the category of sets of cardinality at least λ and monomorphisms between them cannot appear as the category of points of a topos, in particular is not the category of models of a ${L_{\infty ,\omega }}$-theory. More generally we show that for any regular cardinal $\kappa < \lambda$ it is neither the category of κ-points of a κ-topos, in particular, nor the category of models of a ${L_{\infty ,\kappa }}$-theory.The proof relies on the construction of a categorified version of the Scott topology, which constitute a left adjoint to the functor sending any topos to its category of points and the computation of this left adjoint evaluated on the category of sets of cardinality at least λ and monomorphisms between them. The same techniques also apply to a few other categories. At least to the category of vector spaces of with bounded below dimension and the category of algebraic closed fields of fixed characteristic with bounded below transcendence degree.