bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model Studies on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Graphite Electrodes in Ethylene Carbonate and Dimethyl Carbonate: Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
Authors: Weber Isabella , Schnaidt Johannes , Wang Bin , Diemant Thomas , Behm R. Jürgen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAiming at a deeper understanding of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on carbon anodes in lithium‐ion batteries, we performed a combined electrochemical and spectroscopic model study using structurally well‐defined graphite model electrodes (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, HOPG) and simplified model electrolytes (ethylene carbonate (EC)+1 M LiPF6 or dimethyl carbonate (DMC)+1 M LiPF6). In cyclic voltammetry measurements, we find initial activation of the reductive electrolyte decomposition at faster scan rates (1 or 10 mV s−1), whereas this is not the case at a slower scan rate (0.1 mV s−1). This activation effect, which is more pronounced for DMC, is explained by an increase in the HOPG surface area, presumably by electrode exfoliation; it is not observed on surface‐defect‐rich samples. XPS analysis shows that, regardless of the solvent and the scan rate, the SEI is mainly composed of LiF and only small amounts of solvent and other salt decomposition products.
Enantioselective synthesis of (R)‐Cinacalcet via cobalt‐catalysed asymmetric Negishi cross‐coupling
Authors: Sun Xiao , Wang Xueyang , Liu Feipeng , Gao Zidong , Bian Qinghua , Wang Min , Zhong Jiangchun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA novel enantioselective synthesis of (R)‐cinacalcet with 99% enantiomeric excesses (ee) has been achieved. The main strategies of the approach include a gram‐scale cobalt‐catalysed asymmetric cross‐coupling of racemic ester with arylzinc reagent, Hoffman‐type rearrangement of acidamide, the amidation of chiral amine, and improving the ee of chiral amide from 87% to 99% via recrystallization.
Nano‐Engineered Materials for Transparent Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Jun , Wang Yizhou , Liu Wenhui , Ma Yanwen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransparent supercapacitors are interesting for energy storage and management in future transparent electronics and have become an intriguing research topic at the interface of materials science, energy and electronics research. This minireview presents the recent progress in transparent supercapacitors, particularly the use of nano‐engineered materials to construct transparent electrodes. Focusing on the two key features of transparency and capacitance, we analyze the influences of nanostructures on the electrode and device performances, and present the outlook the future perspectives for transparent supercapacitors.
NiSe2 as Co‐Catalyst with CdS: Nanocomposites for High‐Performance Photodriven Hydrogen Evolution under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Du Shiwen , Li Chunhe , Lin Xiao , Xu Wangping , Huang Xiang , Xu Hu , Fang Pengfei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne‐dimensional NiSe2/CdS nanocomposites (NCs), with NiSe2 nanoparticles (NPs) integrated onto the surface of CdS nanowires (NWs) were designed and fabricated through a two‐step in situ solvothermal method. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that NiSe2 plays an important role in enhancing photocatalystic hydrogen (H2) production when coupled with CdS catalyst, which arises from 1) the contribution of Ni 3d and Se 4p orbitals to the electronic structures and 2) the charge redistribution at the interface region of the heterostructure results in efficient promotion of the charge transfer and separation of the photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. Under visible‐light illumination (λ≥400 nm), the NCs showed improved photocatalytic H2‐generation activity in the presence of lactic acid. The peak value of 7610.1 μmol h−1 g−1 for H2 production was achieved with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 41.68 % when the Ni/Cd ratio was set to 10 %, which was approximately 48 times higher than that of bare CdS NWs. Photoelectrochemical measurements also confirmed the pivotal role of NiSe2 in the improvement of the H2‐evolution performance of NiSe2/CdS NCs, which is consistent with the DFT investigations.
Cleavable Unimolecular Photoinitiators Based on Oxime‐Ester Chemistry for Two‐Photon Three‐Dimensional Printing
Authors: Qiu Wanwan , Hu Peng , Zhu Junzhe , Liu Ren , Li Zhiquan , Hu Zhiyong , Chen Qidai , Dietliker Kurt , Liska Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe development of efficient two‐photon initiators (2PIs) is critical to promote two‐photon three‐dimensional (3D) printing for market applications. On the basis of the photocleavage concept, several unimolecular 2PIs that contain coumarin moieties (as two‐photon absorption chromophores) and oxime‐ester groups (as initiation functional groups) were synthesized. Under visible light irradiation, the investigated oxime‐esters, sensitive to a broad wavelength range from 400 to 460 nm, undergo direct photocleavage followed by decarboxylation, forming active free radicals to effectively induce polymerization. Interestingly, the photoinitiators exhibit good photobleaching properties, which makes them applicable for photopolymerization of thick materials and dental restorative materials. In two‐photon 3D printing tests with acrylate formulations, the oxime‐ester derivatives were used to build complex 3D microstructures with submicrometer or even nanometer spatial resolution. The initiator comprised of a conjugated coumarin and an oxime ester attached at the 3‐position exhibited a low threshold laser power required for polymerization and had a broad processing window similar to a highly efficient 2PI in the literature.
NiFe Hydroxide Supported on Hierarchically Porous Nickel Mesh as a High‐Performance Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting at Large Current Density
Authors: Wang Pei‐can , Wan Lei , Lin Yu‐qun , Wang Bao‐guo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe preparation of efficient and low‐cost bifunctional catalysts with superior stability for water splitting is a topic of significant current interest for hydrogen generation. A facile strategy has been developed to fabricate highly active electrodes with hierarchical porous structures by using a two‐step electrodeposition method, in which NiFe layered double hydroxide is grown in situ on a three‐dimensional hierarchical Ni mesh (NiFe/Ni/Ni). The as‐prepared NiFe/Ni/Ni electrodes demonstrate remarkable structural stability with high surface areas, effective gas transportation, and fast electron transfer. Benefiting from the unique structure, the self‐supported NiFe/Ni/Ni electrodes exhibit overpotentials of 190 mV and 300 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at current densities of 10 and 500 mA cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, the self‐supported NiFe/Ni/Ni electrodes also exhibit high performance in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and excellent stability at a current density of 500 mA cm−2 for both OER and HER. Remarkably, using NiFe/Ni/Ni as both the cathode and anode for alkaline water electrolysis, a current density of 500 mA cm−2 is attained at a cell voltage of 1.96 V. Additionally, the water electrolyzer demonstrates superior stability even at a large current density (500 mA cm−2) when subjected to high temperatures.
Mesoporous Carbon with Different Density of Thiophenic‐Like Functional Groups and Their Effect on Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Brandiele Riccardo , Zerbetto Mirco , Dalconi Maria Chiara , Rizzi Gian Andrea , Isse Abdirisak Ahmed , Durante Christian , Gennaro Armando 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe metal–support interactions between sulfur‐doped carbon supports (SMCs) and Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated, aiming at verifying how sulfur functional groups can improve the electrocatalytic performance of Pt NPs towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). SMCs were synthetized, tailoring the density of sulfur functional groups, and Pt NPs were deposited by thermal reduction of Pt(acac)2. The extent of the metal–support interaction was proved by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, which revealed a strong electronic interaction, proportional to the density of sulfur defects, whereas XRD spectra provided evidence of higher strain in Pt NPs loaded on SMC. DFT simulations confirmed that the metal–support interaction was strongest in the presence of a high density of sulfur defects. The combination of microstrain and electronic effects resulted in a high catalytic activity of supported Pt NPs towards ORR, with linear correlations of the half‐wave potential E1/2 or the kinetic current jk with the sulfur content in the support. Furthermore, a mass activity value (550 A g−1) well above the United States Department of Energy target of 440 A g−1 at 0.9 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE), was determined.
Is reproductive strategy a key factor in understanding the evolutionary history of Southern Ocean Asteroidea (Echinodermata)?
Authors: Moreau Camille , Danis Bruno , Jossart Quentin , Eléaume Marc , Sands Chester , Achaz Guillaume , Agüera Antonio , Saucède Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLife traits such as reproductive strategy can be determining factors of species evolutionary history and explain the resulting diversity patterns. This can be investigated using phylogeographic analyses of genetic units. In this work, the genetic structure of five asteroid genera with contrasting reproductive strategies (brooding: Diplasterias, Notasterias and Lysasterias versus broadcasting: Psilaster and Bathybiaster) was investigated in the Southern Ocean. Over 1,400 mtDNA cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were analysed using five species delineation methods (ABGD, ASAP, mPTP, sGMYC and mGMYC), two phylogenetic reconstructions (ML and BA), and molecular clock calibrations, in order to examine the weight of reproductive strategy in the observed differences among phylogeographic patterns. We hypothesised that brooding species would show higher levels of genetic diversity and species richness along with a clearer geographic structuring than broadcasting species. In contrast, genetic diversity and species richness were not found to be significantly different between brooders and broadcasters, but broadcasters are less spatially structured than brooders supporting our initial hypothesis and suggesting more complex evolutionary histories associated to this reproductive strategy. Broadcasters' phylogeography can be explained by different scenarios including deep‐sea colonisation routes, bipolarity or cosmopolitanism, and sub‐Antarctic emergence for the genus Bathybiaster; Antarctic‐ New Zealand faunal exchanges across the Polar Front for the genus Psilaster. Brooders' phylogeography could support the previously formulated hypothesis of a past trans‐Antarctic seaway established between the Ross and the Weddell seas during the Plio‐Pleistocene. Our results also show, for the first time, that the Weddell Sea is populated by a mixed asteroid fauna originating from both the East and West Antarctic.
Conversion of rainforest to oil palm and rubber plantations alters energy channels in soil food webs
Authors: Susanti Winda Ika , Pollierer Melanie M. , Widyastuti Rahayu , Scheu Stefan , Potapov Anton 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the last decades, lowland tropical rainforest has been converted in large into plantation systems. Despite the evident changes above ground, the effect of rainforest conversion on the channeling of energy in soil food webs was not studied. Here, we investigated community‐level neutral lipid fatty acid profiles in dominant soil fauna to track energy channels in rainforest, rubber, and oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Abundant macrofauna including Araneae, Chilopoda, and Diplopoda contained high amounts of plant and fungal biomarker fatty acids (FAs). Lumbricina had the lowest amount of plant, but the highest amount of animal‐synthesized C20 polyunsaturated FAs as compared to other soil taxa. Mesofauna detritivores (Collembola and Oribatida) contained high amounts of algal biomarker FAs. The differences in FA profiles between taxa were evident if data were analyzed across land‐use systems, suggesting that soil fauna of different size (macro‐ and mesofauna) are associated with different energy channels. Despite that, rainforest conversion changed the biomarker FA composition of soil fauna at the community level. Conversion of rainforest into oil palm plantations enhanced the plant energy channel in soil food webs and reduced the bacterial energy channel; conversion into rubber plantations reduced the AMF‐based energy channel. The changes in energy distribution within soil food webs may have significant implications for the functioning of tropical ecosystems and their response to environmental changes. At present, these responses are hard to predict considering the poor knowledge on structure and functioning of tropical soil food webs.
Contrasting responses of steppe Stipa ssp. to warming and precipitation variability
Authors: Lv Xiaomin , He Qijin , Zhou Guangsheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClimate change, characterized by warming and precipitation variability, restricted the growth of plants in arid and semiarid areas, and various functional traits are impacted differently. Comparing responses of functional traits to warming and precipitation variability and determining critical water threshold of dominate steppe grasses from Inner Mongolia facilitates the identification and monitoring of water stress effects. A combination of warming (ambient temperature, +1.5°C and +2.0°C) and varying precipitation (−30%, −15%, ambient, +15%, and +30%) manipulation experiments were performed on four Stipa species (S. baicalensis, S. bungeana, S. grandis, and S. breviflora) from Inner Mongolia steppe. The results showed that the functional traits of the four grasses differed in their responses to precipitation, but they shared common sensitive traits (root/shoot ratio, R/S, and specific leaf area; SLA) under ambient temperature condition. Warming increased the response of the four grasses to changing precipitation, and these differences in functional traits resulted in changes to their total biomass, with leaf area, SLA, and R/S making the largest contributions. Critical water thresholds of the four grasses were identified, and warming led to their higher optimum precipitation requirements. The four steppe grasses were able to adapt better to mild drought (summer precipitation decreased by 12%–28%) when warming 1.5°C rather than 2.0°C. These results indicated that if the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5°C will be accomplished, this will increase the probability for sustained viability of the Stipa steppes in the next 50–100 years.
Stoichiometry and daily rhythms: experimental evidence shows nutrient limitation decouples N uptake from photosynthesis
Authors: Chamberlin Catherine A. , Bernhardt Emily S. , Rosi Emma J. , Heffernan James B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDiel variability in nutrient concentrations is common but not universal in aquatic ecosystems. Theoretical models of photoautotrophic systems attribute the absence of diel uptake variation to nutrient scarcity, such that diel variability in nutrient uptake disappears as nutrients become limiting. We tested this prediction in a mesocosm experiment, by exposing benthic algal communities to a range of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus concentrations and recording the rates of uptake during both day and night. We found that higher concentrations of N produced diel variability in uptake and that the difference between the day and night total mass uptakes approximately equaled N demand for observed primary production as seen in other studies. At lower concentrations of N, uptake rates during the day and night were indistinguishable. These results are the first empirical evidence to imply that diel nitrate patterns in streams and rivers indicate a release from N limitation and offer a new way to assess nutrient limitation.
Retracted: Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C(sp2)‐C(sp3) and C(sp)‐C(sp3) Coupling of Substituted Cinnamic Acids and 3‐Phenyl Propiolic Acid with N‐Tosyl Oxaziridines
Authors: Nguyen Bich‐Ngoc , Cao Hai‐Thuong 
Published: July 2019

The following article from the European Journal of Organic Chemistry, published online on 01 August 2019 in Wiley Online Library (https://chemistry‐europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ejoc.201900982), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, Bich‐Ngoc Nguyen and Hai‐Thuong Cao, the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief, Anne Nijs, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH & Co. KGaA. The retraction has been agreed because the article had been submitted and approved for publication by Bich‐Ngoc Nguyen without consent by Keiji Maruoka under whose supervision the major part of the reported data was obtained.A mild and efficient strategy for decarboxylative C(sp2)‐C(sp3) and C(sp)‐C(sp3) coupling of α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids such as substituted cinnamic acids and 3‐phenyl propiolic acid with N‐Tosyl oxaziridines was developed. The corresponding products were achieved in moderate to good yields with excellent stereoselectivity. Base‐free and oxidant‐free conditions allow good functional group tolerance. Radical inhibitors such as TEMPO and BHT completely suppressed the reactions suggesting a radical mechanism was involved. This study is supposed to broaden the frontier of oxaziridines' chemistry and to open up a novel cascade for alkylating reagents.
Developmental tuning of mineralization drives morphological diversity of gill cover bones in sculpins and their relatives
Authors: Cytrynbaum Eli G. , Small Clayton M. , Kwon Ronald Y. , Hung Boaz , Kent Danny , Yan Yi-Lin , Knope Matthew L. , Bremiller Ruth A. , Desvignes Thomas , Kimmel Charles B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe role of osteoblast placement in skeletal morphological variation is relatively well understood, but alternative developmental mechanisms affecting bone shape remain largely unknown. Specifically, very little attention has been paid to variation in later mineralization stages of intramembranous ossification as a driver of morphological diversity. We discover the occurrence of specific, sometimes large, regions of nonmineralized osteoid within bones that also contain mineralized tissue. We show through a variety of histological, molecular, and tomographic tests that this “extended” osteoid material is most likely nonmineralized bone matrix. This tissue type is a significant determinant of gill cover bone shape in the teleostean suborder Cottoidei. We demonstrate repeated evolution of extended osteoid in Cottoidei through ancestral state reconstruction and test for an association between extended osteoid variation and habitat differences among species. Through measurement of extended osteoid at various stages of gill cover development in species across the phylogeny, we gain insight into possible evolutionary developmental origins of the trait. We conclude that this fine-tuned developmental regulation of bone matrix mineralization reflects heterochrony at multiple biological levels and is a novel mechanism for the evolution of diversity in skeletal morphology. This research lays the groundwork for a new model in which to study bone mineralization and evolutionary developmental processes, particularly as they may relate to adaptation during a prominent evolutionary radiation of fishes.
Changes in the bioactive properties of strawberries caused by the storage in oxygen‐ and carbon dioxide‐enriched atmospheres
Authors: Van de Velde Franco , Esposito Debora , Overall John , Méndez‐Galarraga María Paula , Grace Mary , Élida Pirovani María , Lila Mary Ann 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe changes in the antioxidant capacity, anti‐inflammatory, and wound healing properties of strawberry fruits as a consequence of the storage in atmospheres enriched in oxygen and carbon dioxide were investigated. Berries were exposed to two different gas compositions: 70% O2 + 20% CO2 and 90% O2 + 10% CO2, and stored for up to 20 days at 5°C. The antioxidant capacity, assessed through DPPH and FRAP methods, decreased around 17% in samples exposed to 70% O2 + 20% CO2 at day 20. However, the antioxidant activity of fruits stored in 90% O2 + 10% CO2 was maintained until day 20 and experienced an increase of around 10% on day 10. Moreover, strawberry stored in 90% O2 + 10% CO2 at days 5–10 showed an improved suppression of the pro‐inflammatory genes Cox‐2 and iNOS up to 30% higher than samples at day 0 in an in vitro LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage culture. In addition, berries exposed to 90% O2 + 10% CO2 at day 10 showed a human dermal fibroblast migration 30% higher than samples at day 0 in an in vitro skin‐fibroblast‐migration model. Therefore, evidence suggests that strawberry storage in 90% O2 + 10% CO2 can be a promissory alternative to offer fruits with enhanced bioactivity.
Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of kitoza, a traditional salted/dried/smoked meat product of Madagascar
Authors: Ratsimba Angela , Rakoto Danielle , Jeannoda Victor , Andriamampianina Herizo , Talon Régine , Leroy Sabine , Grabulos Joël , Arnaud Elodie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKitoza samples collected from producers in Madagascar were analyzed for their physicochemical and microbial properties. Lactic acid bacteria and coagulase‐negative staphylococci were the two codominant populations with average counts of 6–7 log cfu/g. Good hygienic practices were sometimes lacking but samples were not contaminated with Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus and only once with Listeria monocytogenes. Staphylococcus aureus was found occasionally with higher counts in salted/dried products than in salted/smoked products. Moisture, protein, fat, and salt contents varied considerably and were on average 41.5, 43.5, 14.3, and 3.3 g/100 g, respectively, and water activity was 0.893 on average. Smoked kitoza showed higher moisture content compared to dried kitoza. Most of the smoked kitoza had a water activity higher than 0.9 which is not in accordance with their storage at ambient temperatures. Benzo(a)pyrene content was above 2 µg/kg in 11 out of 30 smoked samples (17 ± 16.5 µg/kg on average).
Antioxidant effect of Kimchi supplemented with Jeju citrus concentrate and its antiobesity effect on 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Yun Ye‐Rang , Park Sung-Hee , Kim In‐Hwan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCitrus is cultivated throughout Jeju Island and is thought to possess some medicinal properties. Citrus concentrate is the most extensively utilized form of citrus in the food industry. In this study, antioxidant and antiobesity effects of Kimchi supplemented with citrus concentrate were investigated. Prepared Kimchi was infused with 7% citrus concentrate (CK) and freeze‐dried for analysis. Normal Kimchi (NK) without citrus concentrate was utilized as a control. Total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities were examined. Cytotoxicity, intracellular triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were also measured. Additionally, the inhibitory effects on lipid accumulation were trialed by measuring the oil‐red O (ORO)‐stained cells. TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities of CK were significantly higher than those of NK (p < .05). CK showed less cytotoxicity and attenuated the lipid accumulation at all concentrations by reducing TG and TC levels compared to NK. The inhibitory effect of CK on lipid accumulation was observed via reducing ORO‐stained lipid droplets. Consequently, the antioxidant and antiobesity effects of CK were revealed in vitro. Furthermore, the addition of citrus may provide competitive price due to low production costs as well as health functionality.