bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable isotope measurements to differentiate sources of monofluoroacetate in a blackmail case
Authors: Van Hale Robert , Schofield Matthew , Connor Mark , Barker Richard , Frew Russell 
Published: February 2019

RationaleStable isotope ratios can provide a ‘fingerprint’ to enable differentiation of sources of monofluoroacetate (MFA), hence providing a means to eliminate potential sources of MFA in a blackmail case involving the contamination of milk.MethodsThe stable isotopic compositions (δ2H, δ13C and δ18O values) of a library of 43 samples of MFA were determined and multivariate models constructed to differentiate samples of different composition. The data from the MFA library were compared with those obtained from MFA extracted from contaminated milk powder (the case samples). The isotopic composition of the extracted samples was measured on dichloroaniline derivatives.ResultsA wide range of values was found for δ2H, δ13C and δ18O of the MFA samples, much greater than the analytical repeatability between subsamples. Stable isotope data, therefore, provide a means of distinguishing samples of MFA. Of the 43 MFA samples tested, all but 6 could be eliminated as potential sources of the contamination, i.e. they had a distinctly different isotopic composition such that they must have had different histories and/or origins.ConclusionsStable isotope measurements of bulk and derivatized MFA provide an effective means of discriminating MFA samples. Three of the library samples that could not be differentiated from the case samples were directly connected to the suspect, and this evidence contributed to the suspect's admission of guilt.
Feasibility of artificial intelligence for predicting live birth without aneuploidy from a blastocyst image
Authors: Miyagi Yasunari , Habara Toshihiro , Hirata Rei , Hayashi Nobuyoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeTo make the artificial intelligence (AI) classifiers of the image of the blastocyst implanted later in order to predict the probability of achieving live birth.MethodsA system for using the machine learning approaches, which are logistic regression, naive Bayes, nearest neighbors, random forest, neural network, and support vector machine, of artificial intelligence to predict the probability of live birth from a blastocyst image was developed. Eighty images of blastocysts that led to live births and 80 images of blastocysts that led to aneuploid miscarriages were used to create an AI‐based method with 5‐fold cross‐validation retrospectively for classifying embryos.ResultsThe logistic regression method showed the best results. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.65, 0.60, 0.70, 0.67, and 0.64, respectively. Area under the curve was 0.65 ± 0.04 (mean ± SE). Estimated probability of belonging to the live birth category was found significantly related to the probability of live birth (P < 0.005).ConclusionsClassifiers using artificial intelligence applied toward a blastocyst image have a potential to show the probability of live birth being the outcome.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are Functionally and Genetically Different From Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Xu Maojia , Shaw Georgina , Murphy Mary , Barry Frank 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere has been considerable interest in the generation of functional mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) preparations from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and this is now regarded as a potential source of unlimited, standardized, high-quality cells for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. Although iMSCs meet minimal criteria for defining MSCs in terms of marker expression, there are substantial differences in terms of trilineage potential, specifically a marked reduction in chondrogenic and adipogenic propensity in iMSCs compared with bone marrow-derived (BM) MSCs. To reveal the cellular basis underlying these differences, we conducted phenotypic, functional, and genetic comparisons between iMSCs and BM-MSCs. We found that iMSCs express very high levels of both KDR and MSX2 compared with BM-MSCs. In addition, BM-MSCs had significantly higher levels of PDGFRα. These distinct gene expression profiles were maintained during culture expansion, suggesting that prepared iMSCs are more closely related to vascular progenitor cells (VPCs). Although VPCs can differentiate along the chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic pathways, they require different inductive conditions compared with BM-MSCs. These observations suggest to us that iMSCs, based on current widely used preparation protocols, do not represent a true alternative to primary MSCs isolated from BM. Furthermore, this study highlights the fact that high levels of expression of typical MSC markers such as CD73, CD90, and CD105 are insufficient to distinguish MSCs from other mesodermal progenitors in differentiated induced pluripotent stem cell cultures. Stem Cells 2019;37:754–765
Molecular support for a basal grade of morphologically distinct, monotypic genera in the species‐rich Vanguerieae alliance (Rubiaceae, Ixoroideae): Its systematic and conservation implications
Authors: Razafimandimbison Sylvain G. , Kainulainen Kent , Wong Khoon M. , Beaver Katy , Bremer Birgitta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany monotypic genera with unique apomorphic characters have been difficult to place in the morphology‐based classifications of the coffee family (Rubiaceae). We rigorously assessed the subfamilial phylogenetic position and generic status of three enigmatic genera, the Seychellois Glionnetia, the Southeast Asian Jackiopsis, and the Chinese Trailliaedoxa within Rubiaceae, using sequence data of four plastid markers (ndhF, rbcL, rps16, trnT‐F). The present study provides molecular phylogenetic support for positions of these genera in the subfamily Ixoroideae, and reveals the presence of a basal grade of morphologically distinct, monotypic genera (Crossopteryx, Jackiopsis, Scyphiphora, Trailliaedoxa, and Glionnetia, respectively) in the species‐rich Vanguerieae alliance. These five genera may represent sole representatives of their respective lineages and therefore may carry unique genetic information. Their conservation status was assessed, applying the criteria set in IUCN Red List Categories. We consider Glionnetia and Jackiopsis Endangered. Scyphiphora is recognized as Near Threatened despite its extensive range and Crossopteryx as Least Concern. Trailliaedoxa is poorly known (Data Deficient). Finally, the generic status of Glionnetia, Jackiopsis, and Trailliaedoxa and the monogeneric tribe Jackieae as defined by Ridsdale are supported.
The disjointed distribution ofAnacamptis longicornuin the West‐Mediterranean: The role of vicariance versus long‐distance seed dispersal
Authors: Zitari Anis , Tranchida-Lombardo Valentina , Cafasso Donata , Helal Ahmed Noureddine , Scopece Giovanni , Cozzolino Salvatore 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTertiary geological processes and Quaternary climatic oscillations significantly contributed in determining plant species ranges in the Mediterranean basin, making it difficult to distinguish between relative influence of habitat fragmentation and long‐distance dispersal in shaping actual species distribution across disjointed regions. We studied the phylogeographic structure ofAnacamptis longicornu, a Western Mediterranean orchid species spanning over the main continental islands (Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Balearic Islands) and North Africa. We aimed to answer the question whether the highly disjointed distribution of this orchid was determined by: (1) recent over‐sea dispersion after the last glacial phase; (2) range fragmentation after the refilling of Mediterranean basin at the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC); (3) ancient dispersal events linked to the insurgence of favourable bioclimatic conditions in the basin. Haplotype differentiation, haplotype network, and mismatch analysis support the hypothesis that the current distribution ofA. longicornuis more likely explained by allopatric separation and restricted gene flow in connection with fragmentation of a continuous range or a series of ancient dispersal events, after the MSC but before the most recent glaciations. Recent over‐sea dispersion, if occurring, must have played a marginal role.
Redefinition of Adiantopsis Fée (Pteridaceae): Systematics, diversification, and biogeography
Authors: Link-Pérez Melanie A. , Watson Linda E. , Hickey R. James 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present the first multi‐gene phylogeny of taxa potentially allied to the fern genus Adiantopsis, one of about 20 genera in the large group of cheilanthoid ferns. Our goals were to clarify natural relationships, examine generic boundaries, and interpret character evolution within a phylogenetic framework. Phylogenetic analysis of combined plastid rbcL and atpA DNA sequences has led to an expansion of generic boundaries in Adiantopsis, a recircumscription that is clearly defensible with morphological data. Biogeographic analyses suggest an origin for the genus in South America, with a minimum of three migrations into the Caribbean. We include a synopsis of the genus and two new combinations.
Canary grasses (Phalaris, Poaceae): Molecular phylogenetics, polyploidy and floret evolution
Authors: Voshell Stephanie M. , Baldini Riccardo M. , Kumar Rohit , Tatalovich Nicholas , Hilu Khidir W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe 21 wild species of Phalaris L. (Poaceae) are distributed in temperate areas of both hemispheres and in the mountains of tropical Africa and South America. The genus contains annual and perennial diploids based on x = 6 and 7 and polyploids based on x = 7, with the x = 6 cytotypes displaying less species diversification. Phalaris presents a potentially valuable case study for speciation in conjunction with chromosomal evolution and biogeography in Poaceae due to its global distribution, notable variation in morphological traits, and the key role of polyploidy in its evolution. We reconstructed the first phylogenetic tree for the genus using nuclear ITS and plastid trnT‐F sequences to assess species relationships and map trends in floret differentiation and patterns of polyploid evolution. The study demonstrated a single origin of the x = 6 chromosome number and revealed the sister relationship of this lineage to the monophyletic x = 7 lineage. The clades recovered in the analyses display geographic affiliations and demonstrate diploid‐polyploid associations. A trend in sterile lemma reduction is evident, with members of the early diverging x = 6 lineage displaying relatively large and lanceolate sterile lemmas, followed by gradual reduction in size, culminating in almost obsolete sterile lemmas in one of the terminal x = 7 clades.
Phylogeny of the subtribe Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae tribe Ocimeae) as inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA
Authors: Pastore José Floriano Barêa , Harley Raymond M. , Forest Félix , Paton Alan , van den Berg Cássio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhylogenetic analyses of the subtribe Hyptidinae (Lamiaceae) based on nuclear ITS and ETS, and plastid trnL‐F, trnS‐G, trnD‐T, and matK are presented. The analysis of the ITS dataset included 218 specimens representing 180 species of Hyptidinae. This analysis was used to select a smaller representative sample of 69 species of Hyptidinae for further analysis based on all above regions. The monophyly of Hyptidinae and almost all genera is well‐supported, with noticeable paraphyly of Hyptis which is ancestor of all remaining genera of Hyptidinae. Eriope is monophyletic with the exclusion of E. simplex, while Hypenia represents a monophyletic group excluding H. vitifolia. Hyptis eximia was shown to be associated with Hyptidendron, and Peltodon is embedded within the Hyptis s.str. clade. Internal relationships within Hyptis s.str. were not completely resolved; a preliminary discussion on the taxonomy treatment of the complex and the subdivision of Hyptis are presented.
Conserving Acacia Mill. with a conserved type: What happened in Melbourne?
Authors: Smith Gideon F. , Figueiredo Estrela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe here document what happened in Melbourne, Australia, in July 2011, regarding the confirmation of the inclusion of Acacia Mill. with A. penninervis as its conserved type in the Vienna Code. The procedures followed by the Nomenclature Section of the XVIII International Botanical Congress (IBC) are outlined and briefly described as far as they pertain to Acacia. The 2005 outcome of the controversial proposal to retypify Acacia Mill. from an African to an Australian type was confirmed by the Nomenclature Section following the ratification of the 2006, Vienna, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN or Code) including the entry for Acacia. This, and other, decisions of the Nomenclature Section were in turn ratified by the final closing plenary session of the IBC held on 30 July 2011. The now‐effective Code (incidentally in the future the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants) emanating from the XVIII IBC, will therefore include Acacia, with a conserved type, in the Appendix dealing with "Nomina generica conservanda et rejicienda". If the traditional classification system is followed that applies the name Acacia in a broad sense to an assemblage of legume species comprising a number of subgenera, this decision holds no implications at generic rank. However, should the alternative classification which segregates a broadly defined Acacia into a number of genera be followed, then the name Acacia would apply in a strict sense to the mainly Australian wattles (formerly Acacia subg. Phyllodineae, now Acacia subg. Acacia).
Ceramium Roth (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from Venice lagoon (Adriatic Sea, Italy): Comparative studies of Mediterranean and Atlantic taxa
Authors: Wolf Marion A. , Sciuto Katia , Maggs Christine A. , de Barros-Barreto Maria Beatriz B. , Andreoli Carlo , Moro Isabella 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe cosmopolitan genus Ceramium (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) is a large and systematically complex group. The taxonomy of this genus remains in a chaotic state due to the high degree of morphological variation. Culture studies, suggesting a strong influence of environment on phenotype, and the use of molecular tools have recently questioned the validity of morphological features used in species recognition. Here we compare three Ceramium taxa from Venice lagoon with samples from northwest Europe using the plastid ribulose–1,5–bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene (rbcL) and the rbcL–rbcS intergenic spacer combined with morphological observations. A strongly banded species, previously identified as member of a poorly understood and misnamed group, the Ceramium diaphanum complex sensu Feldmann–Mazoyer, is probably conspecific with British samples of Ceramium diaphanum sensu Harvey, for which no valid name has been identified up to now. We show that Ceramium polyceras (Kützing) Zanardini is a valid name for this species. A fully corticated Ceramium species morphologically resembling C. secundatum differs at the species level from Atlantic C. secundatum; a valid name for this entity is Ceramium derbesii Solier ex Kützing, described from Mediterranean France. A third species characterized by cortical spines, previously listed as Ceramium ciliatum var. robustum (J. Agardh) Mazoyer, is shown to be Ceramium nudiusculum (Kützing) Rabenhorst, originally described from Venice.
Molecular data challenge traditional subgeneric divisions in the leafy liverwort Radula
Authors: Devos Nicolas , Renner Matt A.M , Gradstein S. Robbert , Shaw Jon , Vanderpoorten Alain 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith approximately 200 species, the genus Radula is one of the most speciose genera of leafy liverworts. Although the genus is well delimited, its subdivision into subgenera and sections has been controversial. None of the subgeneric subdivisions have been the subject of an explicit test of internal consistency or monophyly based on molecular data and a comprehensive view of evolutionary relationships within the genus is thus still lacking. In the present paper we propose, based on a molecular phylogeny of the genus, a new subgeneric classification for Radula, and create three new subgenera. While the reconstructions of ancestral gametophytic characters allow for a morphological description of each of the seven lineages identified in our phylogeny, synapomorphies for these lineages are mostly lacking. Uncertainty of morphological state reconstructions at the deepest nodes of the phylogeny, which point to a rapid morphological diversification of the genus in its early history, do not allow for pinpointing when morphological changes occurred. The classification scheme proposed here is therefore mostly based on molecular features.
Age and diversity in Old World succulent species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Bruyns Peter V. , Klak Cornelia , Hanáček Pavel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe use a relatively densely sampled phylogeny to obtain preliminary estimates for the ages of the major clades identified in Euphorbia, with which we show that the succulent species of Euphorbia have diversified over the last 36 million years into many of the semi–arid, tropical parts of the world. Many major clades have subclades from widely separated regions, often on different continents. Our results imply that these distributions arose by long–distance dispersal after the break–up of Gondwana. In the case of Indian/South–east Asian succulents there appears to have been a single, relatively recent dispersal event from Africa. We have included many species from the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra and we show that these are nested within other, mainly African clades. In some cases Arabian and Socotran taxa have their closest relatives in adjacent parts of North–east Africa and most often this is true in recent clades, while in more ancient clades their closest relatives may be in Macaronesia or in the Namib Desert of Southern Africa so that these are typical 'Rand Flora' elements. In one case, closest known relatives are in North America. We find that Socotran taxa vary between 16 and 3 Ma old. The major diversifications of succulents in temperate Southern Africa (the crown clades in subg. Rhizanthium and more minor clades in subg. Chamaesyce) and in tropical East Africa (the crown clades in subg. Euphorbia) occurred in the last 20–3 Ma. In the Greater Cape Flora of the western part of Southern Africa the diversity in Euphorbia is mainly derived from one lineage in subg. Rhizanthium and one in subg.Chamaesyce. In contrast the diversity of Euphorbia in the Arabian Peninsula is derived from the invasion (mainly from Africa) of many separate lineages. We show that large, succulent trees are only found in subg. Euphorbia and only occur in the Old World. Most of them fall within a single clade and have evolved relatively recently.
Analysis of Three-dimensional Atom-probe Data by the Proximity
Histogram
Authors: Hellman Olof C. , Vandenbroucke Justin A. , Rüsing Järg , Isheim Dieter , Seidman David N. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) atom-probe technique produces a
reconstruction of the elemental chemical identities and three-dimensional
positions of atoms field evaporated from a sharply pointed metal specimen,
with a local radius of curvature of less than 50 nm. The number of atoms
collected can be on the order of one million, representing an analysis
volume of approximately 20 nm × 20 nm × 200 nm (80,000
nm3). This large amount of data allows for the
identification of microstructural features in a sample, such as grain or
heterophase boundaries, if the feature density is large enough. Correlation
of the measured atomic positions with these identified features results in
an atom-by-atom description of the chemical environment of crystallographic
defects. This article outlines a data compilation technique for the
generation of composition profiles in the vicinity of interfaces in a
geometrically independent way. This approach is applied to quantitative
determination of interfacial segregation of silver at a MgO/Cu(Ag)
heterophase interface.
Limiting logical pluralism
Authors: Finn Suki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper I argue that pluralism at the level of logical systems requires a certain monism at the meta-logical level, and so, in a sense, there cannot be pluralism all the way down. The adequate alternative logical systems bottom out in a shared basic meta-logic, and as such, logical pluralism is limited. I argue that the content of this basic meta-logic must include the analogue of logical rules Modus Ponens (MP) and Universal Instantiation (UI). I show this through a detailed analysis of the ‘adoption problem’, which manifests something special about MP and UI. It appears that MP and UI underwrite the very nature of a logical rule of inference, due to all rules of inference being conditional and universal in their structure. As such, all logical rules presuppose MP and UI, making MP and UI self-governing, basic, unadoptable, and (most relevantly to logical pluralism) required in the meta-logic for the adequacy of any logical system.
Some ‘Apparent’ Space-Time Mismatches (Puzzles) over the Indian Subcontinent and ‘Channeling’
Authors: Raval U. , Veeraswamy K. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Since the Mesozoic the Indian lithosphere has been subjected to significantly large number of high intensity geodynamical events. This gave rise to a few ‘apparent’ space-time mismatches between the observed effects and their causes (or sources). For example, the Rajahmundry basaltic traps near the eastern margin (Baksi and Brahmam, 1985) and the Salma dyke in the Raniganj basin (Paul, 2005); both have almost the same age as that of the Deccan volcanism which is presumed to have been caused by the outburst of the Reunion mantle plume near the west coast; but both these formations are located nearly 1000-1400 km away from the epicenter of the plume outburst. Another issue arises from the fact that a ~90 my old volcanism which exists all along the eastern margin of the Madagascar (Mahoney et al., 1991) and is attributed to the Marion plume (Storey, 1995a); but around the same time (~88-90 Ma) the causative Marion plume was situated near the southern end of Madagascar that is ~ 1500 km away from its northern end.
These long separations between the cause and effects seem mismatch or puzzle. Present study suggests that a deep seated ‘channeling’ of thermomagmatic flux – from a mantle plume head – along facilitating corridors could: (a) resolve the issue of large separation, (b) reconcile differing views about the origin of the Rajahmundry traps, and (c) explain a number of midplate geophysical, tectonic and geological observations. The ‘Channeling process’ thus appears an important unifying concept.
Analytical Protocol for U-Th-Pb Chemical Dating of Monazite using CAMECA SXFive EPMA Installed at the Mantle Petrology Laboratory, Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
Authors: Pandey Mayuri , Pandit Dinesh , Arora Devsamridhi , Rao N. V. Chalapathi , Pant N. C. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Chemical Th-U-total Pb method of dating monazite by an Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA) is a well-known technique for constraining chronology of geological events. In this communication, the analytical conditions of monazite dating using SXFive EPMA recently installed at the Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University is reported. Consistency in the geochronological data of the monazites from the geochronologically well-constrained high grade metamorphic terrain of Bundelkhand craton, north central India, confirms the reliability of the BHU-EPMA facility for the U-Th-Pb geochemical dating of monazite.