bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of the bone regeneration following cortical bone repositioning in a rabbit mandible
Authors: Martinez‐de la Cruz Gerardo , Yamauchi Kensuke , Odajima Kenji , Kataoka Yoshihiro , Nogami Shinnosuke , Takahashi Tetsu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough bone graft (BG) is the gold standard for bone augmentation, its use is hampered by donor site morbidity and limited quantity.PurposeTo evaluate the capabilities of bone formation by cortical bone repositioning (CBR) as the healing response following grafting of autogenous bone block without filling biomaterial at the gap between gap and recipient.Materials and MethodsTwelve Japanese White rabbits were divided into three groups (postoperative 2, 5, and 8 weeks). A cortical block was freed from the mandibular body, half of the block was positioned and fixed overlapped the original bone surface beside the defect and the other half remained only elevated above the defect. Three areas were decided for the evaluation; BG, CBR, and defect (D) area. Areas were evaluated by micro‐CT, histology, and histomorphometric analysis.ResultsThere is no statistical difference between BG and CBR by evaluating distance and area in histomorphometrical analysis (P < .05). D area showed statistical decrease compared with BG and CBR at week 2. Histologically, new bone was evident at week 2, mature bone was observed in all three areas at week 8, D area disappeared and fused completely with the elevated bone block.ConclusionCBR has potential for bone augmentation as BG induced from its own regenerative ability of healing process.
Using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy to assess social information processing in poor urban Bangladeshi infants and toddlers
Authors: Perdue Katherine L. , Jensen Sarah K.G. , Kumar Swapna , Richards John E. , Kakon Shahria Hafiz , Haque Rashidul , Petri William A. , Lloyd‐Fox Sarah , Elwell Clare , Nelson Charles A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChildren living in low‐resource settings are at risk for failing to reach their developmental potential. While the behavioral outcomes of growing up in such settings are well‐known, the neural mechanisms underpinning poor outcomes have not been well elucidated, particularly in the context of low‐ and middle‐income countries. In this study, we measure brain metabolic responses to social and nonsocial stimuli in a cohort of 6‐ and 36‐month‐old Bangladeshi children. Study participants in both cohorts lived in an urban slum and were exposed to a broad range of adversity early in life including extreme poverty, malnutrition, recurrent infections, and low maternal education. We observed brain regions that responded selectively to social stimuli in both ages indicating that these specialized brain responses are online from an early age. We additionally show that the magnitude of the socially selective response is related to maternal education, maternal stress, and the caregiving environment. Ultimately our results suggest that a variety of psychosocial hazards have a measurable relationship with the developing social brain.
Intangible capital, volatility shock, and the value premium
Authors: Ahn Yongkil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper extends the canonical, neoclassical investment‐based asset‐pricing model through the incorporation of intangible capital and the formulation of a joint productivity distribution with economic uncertainty shocks at the firm level. The distinctive evolutionary dynamics of intangible capital as opposed to that of physical capital mitigate the negative impact of temporary uncertainty shock on production and serve well to explain the value premium with modest assumptions. The value premium is unconditionally positive, but the realized value spread plummets to negative after major transient second‐moment shocks, for example, the Loma Prieta Earthquake and the 9/11 terrorist attack.
Analytical validation of a standardised scoring protocol for Ki67 immunohistochemistry on breast cancer excision whole sections: an international multicentre collaboration
Authors: Leung Samuel C Y , Nielsen Torsten O , Zabaglo Lila A , Arun Indu , Badve Sunil S , Bane Anita L , Bartlett John M S , Borgquist Signe , Chang Martin C , Dodson Andrew , Ehinger Anna , Fineberg Susan , Focke Cornelia M , Gao Dongxia , Gown Allen M , Gutierrez Carolina , Hugh Judith C , Kos Zuzana , Lænkholm Anne‐Vibeke , Mastropasqua Mauro G. , Moriya Takuya , Nofech‐Mozes Sharon , Osborne C Kent , Penault‐Llorca Frédérique M , Piper Tammy , Sakatani Takashi , Salgado Roberto , Starczynski Jane , Sugie Tomoharu , van der Vegt Bert , Viale Giuseppe , Hayes Daniel F , McShane Lisa M , Dowsett Mitch ,   on behalf of the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group of the Breast International Group and North American Breast Cancer Group (BIG‐NABCG)
Published: April 2019

AimsThe nuclear proliferation marker Ki67 assayed by immunohistochemistry has multiple potential uses in breast cancer, but an unacceptable level of interlaboratory variability has hampered its clinical utility. The International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group has undertaken a systematic programme to determine whether Ki67 measurement can be analytically validated and standardised among laboratories. This study addresses whether acceptable scoring reproducibility can be achieved on excision whole sections.Methods and resultsAdjacent sections from 30 primary ER+ breast cancers were centrally stained for Ki67 and sections were circulated among 23 pathologists in 12 countries. All pathologists scored Ki67 by two methods: (i) global: four fields of 100 tumour cells each were selected to reflect observed heterogeneity in nuclear staining; (ii) hot‐spot: the field with highest apparent Ki67 index was selected and up to 500 cells scored. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the global method [confidence interval (CI) = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.799–0.93] marginally met the prespecified success criterion (lower 95% CI ≥ 0.8), while the ICC for the hot‐spot method (0.83; 95% CI = 0.74–0.90) did not. Visually, interobserver concordance in location of selected hot‐spots varies between cases. The median times for scoring were 9 and 6 min for global and hot‐spot methods, respectively.ConclusionsThe global scoring method demonstrates adequate reproducibility to warrant next steps towards evaluation for technical and clinical validity in appropriate cohorts of cases. The time taken for scoring by either method is practical using counting software we are making publicly available. Establishment of external quality assessment schemes is likely to improve the reproducibility between laboratories further.
Novel high‐temperature‐resistant Y2SiO5 aerogel with ultralow thermal conductivity
Authors: Gu Haotian , Hou Xianbo , Zhang Rubing , Fang Daining 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA novel Y2SiO5 ternary aerogel was prepared from tetraethoxysilane and yttrium chloride hexahydrate via the sol‐gel method followed by high‐temperature calcination. The effects of different calcination temperatures on the microstructure, mechanical and thermal stability of the Y2SiO5 aerogels were investigated. The aerogels exhibited low densities of 0.33‐0.62 g/cm3, low thermal conductivities of 0.029‐0.05 W/(m·K), and a relatively high strength of 0.16‐56.47 MPa. Moreover, compared with the Al2O3–SiO2 aerogel, the Y2SiO5 aerogel has higher thermal stability and more excellent high‐temperature insulation, which has potential applications as a thermal protection material in hypersonic vehicles.
On the Analysis of Large Numbers ofp‐values
Authors: Cox David R. , Kartsonaki Christiana 
Published: April 2019

SummaryMethods for the analysis of large numbers ofp‐values, observed levels of significance, are reviewed with some emphasis placed on the Rényi decomposition hinging on the relation with independent exponentially distributed random variables. Some extensions are described. An empirical example is used in illustration, and simulation results examining potential complications are outlined.
Association of plasma leptin, pro‐inflammatory adipokines and cancer‐related fatigue in early‐stage breast cancer patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Toh Yi Long , Tan Chia Jie , Yeo Angie Hui Ling , Shwe Maung , Ho Han Kiat , Gan Yan Xiang , Foo Koon Mian , Chu Pat , Olson Karin , Chan Alexandre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCancer‐related fatigue (CRF) is subjective and has wide inter‐individual variability. Given that leptin is commonly associated with fatigue syndrome, its use as a potential biomarker for CRF is being investigated. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between leptin and CRF in early‐stage breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. In a prospective cohort study, patients completed assessments at baseline (T1), during chemotherapy (T2) and after chemotherapy (T3). Levels of plasma leptin and adipokines were measured using a Luminex bead‐immunoassay and CRF was measured using the Multi‐Dimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory‐Short Form (MFSI‐SF). Data were analysed longitudinally using a generalised estimating equation incorporating clinically relevant parameters and pro‐inflammatory adipokines. The analysis included 136 patients (mean age ± SD = 51.5 ± 8.8 years; 69.1% receiving anthracycline‐based chemotherapy). More patients experienced CRF at T3 (23.8%) than at T2 (13.8%) compared to baseline. An increase was observed in the median plasma leptin level at T2, followed by a decrease at T3 (T1: 4.07 ng/mL, T2: 4.95 ng/mL and T3: 3.96 ng/mL). In the multivariate model, the change in leptin levels over time was significantly associated with the total MFSI‐SF score (β = −0.15, P = 0.003) after adjusting for the tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) level, anxiety, depression, insomnia, age, menopausal status and type of chemotherapy. This is the first study to report leptin as a biomarker that predicts the onset of CRF over time. Future studies are required to validate the findings.
Bearing witness and being bounded: The experiences of nurses in adult critical care in relation to the survivorship needs of patients and families
Authors: Page Pamela , Simpson Alan , Reynolds Lisa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo discern and understand the responses of nurses to the survivorship needs of patients and family members in adult critical care units.BackgroundThe critical care environment is a demanding place of work which may limit nurses to immediacy of care, such as the proximity to death and the pressure of work.DesignA constructivist grounded theory approach with constant comparative analysis.MethodsAs part of a wider study and following ethical approval, eleven critical care nurses working within a general adult critical care unit were interviewed with respect to their experiences in meeting the psychosocial needs of patients and family members. Through the process of constant comparative analysis, an overarching selective code was constructed. EQUATOR guidelines for qualitative research (COREQ) were applied.ResultsThe data illuminated a path of developing expertise permitting integration of physical, psychological and family care with technology and humanity. Gaining such proficiency is demanding, and the data presented reveal the challenges that nurses experience along the way.ConclusionThe study confirms that working within a critical care environment is an emotionally charged challenge and may incur an emotional cost. Nurses can find themselves bounded by the walls of the critical care unit and experience personal and professional conflicts in their role. Nurses bear witness to the early stages of the survivorship trajectory but are limited in their support of ongoing needs.Relevance to Clinical PracticeCritical care nurses can experience personal and professional conflicts when caring for both patients and families. This can lead to moral distress and may contribute to compassion fatigue. Critical care nurses appear bounded to the delivery of physiological and technical care, in the moment, as demanded by the patient's acuity. Consequentially, this limits nurses' ability to support the onward survivorship trajectory. Increased pressure and demands on critical care beds have contributed further to occupational stress in this care setting.
Developing an undergraduate paediatric simulation workshop in a resource constrained setting: A practical ‘how to’ guide
Authors: Ooi Aaron , Hambidge James , Wallace Alexandra 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSimulation has been increasingly used in the delivery of undergraduate paediatric medical education in recent years, particularly in the context of managing acutely unwell children. We describe our methodology in delivering a simulation workshop within a resource‐constrained setting, defined as a clinical environment limited by time, clinical duties and access to appropriate space and/or equipment. An outline for the workshop is provided, with examples of relevant resources, to facilitate the development of similar simulation teaching in other centres. Preliminary evaluation of student feedback is presented, exploring the learning points encountered and aspects of the workshop that students found useful.
The evolution of microendemism in a reef fish (Hypoplectrus maya)
Authors: Moran Benjamin M. , Hench Kosmas , Waples Robin S. , Höppner Marc P. , Baldwin Carole C. , McMillan William Owen , Puebla Oscar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMarine species tend to have extensive distributions, which are commonly attributed to the dispersal potential provided by planktonic larvae and the rarity of absolute barriers to dispersal in the ocean. Under this paradigm, the occurrence of marine microendemism without geographic isolation in species with planktonic larvae poses a dilemma. The recently described Maya hamlet (Hypoplectrus maya, Serranidae) is exactly such a case, being endemic to a 50‐km segment of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS). We use whole‐genome analysis to infer the demographic history of the Maya hamlet and contrast it with the sympatric and pan‐Caribbean black (H. nigricans), barred (H. puella) and butter (H. unicolor) hamlets, as well as the allopatric but phenotypically similar blue hamlet (H. gemma). We show that H. maya is indeed a distinct evolutionary lineage, with genomic signatures of inbreeding and a unique demographic history of continuous decrease in effective population size since it diverged from congeners just ~3,000 generations ago. We suggest that this case of microendemism may be driven by the combination of a narrow ecological niche and restrictive oceanographic conditions in the southern MBRS, which is consistent with the occurrence of an unusually high number of marine microendemics in this region. The restricted distribution of the Maya hamlet, its decline in both census and effective population sizes, and the degradation of its habitat place it at risk of extinction. We conclude that the evolution of marine microendemism can be a fast and dynamic process, with extinction possibly occurring before speciation is complete.
Existence Is Evidence of Immortality
Authors: Huemer Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe universe plausibly has an infinite future and an infinite past. Given unlimited time, every qualitative state that has ever occurred will occur again, infinitely many times. There will thus exist in the future persons arbitrarily similar to you, in any desired respects. A person sufficiently similar to you in the right respects will qualify as literally another incarnation of you. Some theories about the nature of persons rule this out; however, these theories also imply, given an infinite past, that your present existence is a probability‐zero event. Hence, your present existence is evidence against such theories of persons.
Impact of skin biopsy on the management of acute graft‐versus‐host disease in a pediatric population
Authors: Haimes Hilary , Morley Keith W. , Song Hannah , Okhovat Jean‐Phillip , Schmidt Birgitta , Huang Jennifer T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAcute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) of the skin is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) but often represents a diagnostic challenge. The adult literature suggests that histopathology rarely dictates management decisions, but the clinical utility of skin biopsies in pediatric patients with suspected acute GVHD is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency with which skin biopsy leads to a definitive diagnosis of acute GVHD and changes the management of acute GVHD in the pediatric population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of histopathology results and the associated impact on clinical management based on chart review of pediatric patients who underwent skin biopsy for cutaneous eruptions suspicious for acute GVHD from 1995 to 2016.ResultsAmong 27 pediatric HSCT patients, skin biopsy yielded definitive diagnoses (GVHD or otherwise) in only 15% (4/27) of cases. Overall, dermatology consultation was associated with clinical management changes in 78% (21/27) of cases. A change in management was definitively based on skin biopsy results in only 7.4% (2/27) of cases. The mean duration of time between dermatology consultation and return of biopsy results was 4.8 days (range 1‐17).ConclusionsOur results suggest that skin biopsy of pediatric HSCT patients with findings concerning for acute skin GVHD rarely yields a definitive diagnosis or change in management.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: April 2019

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 3 Andrey Kudryavtsev, IsraelAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SudanErdal Gumus, TurkeyFarhat Iqbal, PakistanGeorge Theocharides, CyprusGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, EthiopiaIan McFarlane, UKIbrahim Baghdadi, LebanonIulia Lupu, RomaniaKaveh Dalvand, United StatesKembo Bwana, TanzaniaMagdalena Radulescu, RomaniaMagdalena Zioło, PolandMahmoud Mohammed Sabra, PalestineMamdouh Abdelmoula M. Abdelsalam,EgyptMarco Muscettola, ItalyMarta Borda, PolandMohammed Al-Mahish, Saudi ArabiaNicolas Afflatet, GermanyNuno Crespo, PortugalOltiana Muharremi Pelari, AlbaniaPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, PolandPayal Chadha, KuwaitRajeev Rana, IndiaRamona Orastean, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, USARomeo Victor Ionescu, RomaniaSebastian Schich, FranceSteven V. Cates, USASzabolcs Blazsek, GuatemalaVictoria Cociug, MoldovaY. Saidi, AlgeriaZi-Yi Guo, USA Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Enfermedad de Caffey en una familia y expansión del espectro de trastornos relacionados con el colágeno tipo 1
Authors: Guapi Victor Hugo , Leone Paola E 
Published: April 2019

Introducción: También llamada hiperostosis cortical infantil, caracterizada por la presencia de un episodio en la infancia con neoformación subperióstica en las diáfisis de huesos largos, la mandíbula y las clavículas.; Casos clínicos: se evaluó un recién nacido con hallazgos clínico-radiológicos que comprendieron deformidad angular anterior de antebrazo izquierdo y miembros inferiores. La radiografía simple al nacimiento certificó la hiperostosis cortical con curvatura anterior del radio izquierdo, asociado con importante engrosamiento cortical en la diáfisis de tibias. La radiografía de control a los tres y ocho meses de edad demostró disminución de la hiperostosis cortical; El segundo caso se trata de una paciente de siete años que ha presentado dos exacerbaciones de hiperostosis cortical. Al examen físico presentó, hiperextensibilidad de pabellones auriculares, hipermovilidad de articulaciones pequeñas y manchas de hemosiderina múltiples difusas localizadas en las piernas. El tercer caso correspondió a un lactante menor de un mes tres días de vida, con radiografía que evidenció la hiperostosis cortical de tibias; Conclusión: Concluimos que la familia con neoformación diafisiaria constituyen casos de interés por tratarse de un diagnóstico infrecuente en la edad pediátrica y cuya sospecha clínica puede generarse a partir de un buen examen clínico y estudio del caso índice, complementado con la interpretación de la genealogía asociado con el estudio molecular que lo corrobora.
Factors Leading to Discrepancies in Accumulated Physical Activity During School Hours in Elementary School Students
Authors: Galloway Riley , Booker Robert , Owens Scott 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Current in-school physical activity (PA) policies lack regulation, which testifies to the urgency of monitoring in-school moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). This study quantifies the demographical differences of in-school PA among elementary students. Methods: Fourth-grade students wore accelerometers during school for 1 week. The teachers logged information for PA setting and duration of opportunity. Results: The accelerometry data (N = 148) showed alarming results in the lack of MVPA during in-school PA opportunity times. Significant sex differences showed boys to accumulate more minutes MVPA per day in recess than girls (7.62 ± 5.87 and 5.19 ± 3.03, respectively). Racial differences showed that non-White students accumulated significantly more minutes of MVPA per week during the school day than White students (30.82 ± 19.09 and 23.44 ± 18.41, respectively). Conclusions: The students fell short of the recommended 30 min of MVPA per day during school hours, as advised by a state mandate. Significant differences were seen in PA levels across sex and race, supporting the need for enhanced attention to influential factors on PA engagement.