bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AMONG NURSES IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL, RUPANDEHI, NEPAL
Authors: Ghimire Sulochana , Neupane Srijana 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent and severe infection acquired in the intensive care unit, leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation and excess mortality. This study has been conducted to find out the knowledge regarding prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) among nurses.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the knowledge regarding prevention of VAP among nurses. Fifty one respondents working in different intensive care areas (ICU, CCU, NICU and PICU) of Universal College of Medical Sciences - Teaching Hospital were selected as the study sample by using census method. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16.Results: The findings of the study revealed that 41.2% and 86.2% of the respondents had knowledge regarding meaning and causative agent of VAP respectively. The mean percentage of risk factors of VAP and VAP bundle were 86.2 and 61.3 respectively. About 37% of the respondents had knowledge regarding oral care with chlorhexidine, 86.3% had knowledge that ventilator circuit should be changed for every new patient and 39.2% of the respondents had knowledge that closed suction system prevents VAP. The findings of the study revealed that 49.1% of the respondents had high knowledge and 7.8% had average knowledge. There was no statistically significant association between respondents' level of knowledge regarding prevention of VAP with respondents' working experience (p=O.493) and qualification (p=O.459).Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is concluded that almost half of the respondents have high knowledge regarding prevention of VAP. Besides this, respondents have high knowledge regarding VAP (meaning, causative agent, risk factors, principles and complications) and VAP prevention by positioning, airway humidification and suctioning and low knowledge is found on component of VAP bundle, oral care to reduce VAP and ideal cuff pressure of endotracheal tube.Journal of Universal College of Medical SciencesVol. 6, No. 1, 2018, Page: 27-31
SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME: THE CURRENT STATUS
Authors: Shrestha Manisha , Kumar Anand 
Published: November 2018

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a frequent and serious problem faced by clinicians in day to day practice and is a major factor of intensive care morbidity and mortality. The American College of Chest Physicians and the American Society of Critical Care Medicine in 1991 published definitions and criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Since then many researches have been undertaken to better understand the pathophysiology of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and to determine the accuracy of its diagnostic criteria. The criteria set by the 1991 consensus is still popularly used today. However, with the current knowledge on this matter many researchers have put forward the need of refinement in the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome defined by 1991 consensus. This article aims to review the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and the current views regarding SIRS.Journal of Universal College of Medical SciencesVol. 6, No. 1, 2018, Page: 56-61
PEDIATRIC PYOGENIC SACROILIITIS: A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors: Shrestha Bipan , Shrestha Kishor Man , Pandey Alok 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Pyogenic sacroiliitis accounts for 12% of all cases of septic arthritis with less than 200 cases reported in the English literature since the beginning of the twentieth century. Considerable delay between presentation and diagnosis is seen because of unusual presentation and diagnostic dilemma. Cultures of joint fluid usually grow Staphylococcus aureus. Magnetic resonance imaging has been found to be the most useful imaging modality in diagnosis. Being very uncommon disease in children, the key to successful management is early diagnosis in which computed tomography (CT), bone scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings play a crucial role. If the diagnosis is established promptly, most patients can be managed successfully with antimicrobial therapy with excellent prognosis. Most reported cases required prolonged antimicrobial therapy of six to nine weeks. Presented here is a child with pyogenic sacroiliitis managed at our hospital (Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital-UCMSTH) and review of the literature on this relatively rare diagnosis. Journal of Universal College of Medical SciencesVol. 6, No. 1, 2018, Page: 62-65
Evolution of Political Culture in the Balkans States
Authors: Burdiak Vira 
Published: November 2018

The author argues that 12 states of the Balkans have a completely different political culture and political processes. First and foremost, these processes are historically predetermined. Even within the Ottoman Empire, the policy of these regions was aimed at "breaking off" from the Ottoman political culture, reducing its impact on the subjects that were part of the empire. Although the Balkans form a single whole, but time has had a different effect on the various participants in the political process. Thus, some modern states are experiencing a crisis typical of the period of the development of national states (Kosovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), others are in the process of creating a modern democratic state, and the third ones are trying to ‘comprehend’ the integration processes. Furthermore, an attractive model of political status can be Bulgaria, which has a stable democratic regime (besides some problems) and the peaceful coexistence of minorities and ethnic communities. The leverage for this should be focused on joint initiatives in the region, on enhancing political cooperation and accelerating the integration mechanisms.
Keywords: The Balkans States, political culture, Bulgaria, integration
The Habsburg Empire at the Liberalization Stage: The Progress of Civil Society
Authors: Zaitseva Zinaida 
Published: November 2018

In the article the author determines the formation of a functional correlation between the institutions of civil society and ethnic nationalism in Austria-Hungary. It is established that civil society in the Austro-Hungarian Empire began to form clearly after the democratic reforms of the sixties of the XIX century. It is proved that civil society has undergone stratification in various national and linguistic spaces in the form of educational, scientific, economic, and creative organizations. Civil society on the periphery of the empire has acquired a stable ethno-cultural character.The findings indicate that the acute crisis of identity in Austro-Hungary developed on the basis of two actively functioning sources: the old conflict environment of local historical and state identities and new formations that arose as a result of the cultural and political expansion of ethnic groups belonging to nations that were treated as young and stateless. The problems of economic, social, mental autonomy and cultural coexistence could not receive an authentic representation only in terms of administrative and political decentralization or integration, since in each national-ethnic event they had a spiritual and cultural content and socio-humanitarian content. In the early twentieth century. in Austria-Hungary there was a situation of unstable equilibrium of the composite society, which was characterized by the asynchrony of historical development.The ethnic factor played a dissonant role in the social life of Austria-Hungary. Most ethno-national groups were in different segments of the formation of political nations, in different socio-cultural contexts, which led to difficulties in the formation of classical institutions of civil societies and its formation as homogeneous. The period of modernization of the Austrian empire proved that liberalism and nationalism are historically linked precisely with the principle of people's sovereignty.
Keywords: Austro-Hungarian Empire, multiethnicity, liberalization, civil society, national movements
Concept of Power Decentralization in Political Science and Approaches to its Methodological Study
Authors: Kuzub Halyna 
Published: November 2018

The problem of power decentralization is up to date in a modern political science. We can trace its historical genesis first in European and further in the USA political ideas. Decentralization of power was considered along with the study of a perfect state system, civil society and local self-government. It is argued that the major part of successful process of power decentralization in the Western Europe was due to the idea nature for their political culture.
The article attempts to retrace the history of the idea of power decentralization. As a background of the investigations of such thinkers as J. Bodin, J. Althusius, J. Locke, J.-J. Rousseau, C.-L. Montesquieu, R. Owen, C. Fourier, J. S.Mill, T. Jefferson, A. de Tocqueville and M. Dragomanov were thoroughly investigated. The paper also considers the modern definitions of power decentralization. Likewise the value of structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism and constructivism are argued in terms of further surveys of power decentralization.
To conclude, the author opines that civil servants training, their theoretical teaching and moral education have to become the main objectives in perspective investigations. Furthermore, the success of power decentralization depends not only on devoting authority by central government, but also on capacity of its implementation by deputies on the local level.
Keywords: Decentralization of power, deconcentration of power, administrative and political decentralization, classical and non-classical philosophy, structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, construc-tivism
Strategic Partnership of the Post-Soviet Countries (Asian Dimension of the Balancing Partnership)
Authors: Ostapiak Vasyl 
Published: November 2018

An attempt has been made to analyze the implementation of the strategic partnership in a number of countries in the post-Soviet space, including the countries of the Asian region. The influence of historical, political, and economic imperatives, in particular, the influence of the breakup of the Soviet Union on the formation and implementation of the partnership through deepening of relations with Western countries, China, and Russian Federation, is analyzed. The necessity of further analysis of the strategic partnership of the countries of the Asian space in its geopolitical dimensions is proved. The author noted the need for further analysis of the study of the transformation processes of the post-Soviet countries of Asian space through their, without exaggeration, key influence on the geopolitical processes of the Eurasian region. It is noted that the Asian region is crucial in the process of further transformation of the political processes, which will be implemented taking into account the growth of China's economic indicators.
Keywords: Strategic partnership, post-Soviet countries, Asian region, globalization, the USA, the Russian Federation
Causes of Global Climate Change
Authors: Shevchenko Olena 
Published: November 2018

The article deals with modern approaches related to the definition of the global climate change causes. Noteworthy, there are two scientific approaches concerning this issue: some, who believe that global climate change was caused by anthropogenic factors and others, who believe that the cause of this phenomenoncaused by natural factors. It indicates the lack of consensus on the causes of climate change on the planet. The author’s focus also revolves around the existing manifestations of climate change and the global risks that aggravate this process. It has been determined that today, to prevent these risks, it is necessary to develop adaptation programs and mitigate the effects of global climate change on the global, national, local and corporate levels. The practical measures taken by the United Nations, other international organizations, governments, cities and corporations indicate the existence of political will and understanding of the inevitability of changes. To conclude, the author states that the problem of global climate change, being scientific to a great extend, has largely increased in becoming the subject of international political dialogue.
Keywords: Global climate change, global risks, adaptation, mitigation
Russia Media Policy As An Instrumentality Of Political Pressure In Central-Eastern European Countries
Authors: Katerynchuk Pavlo 
Published: November 2018

The usage of information as a weapon in foreign and domestic policies of Russia is not a new phenomenon. Still sophistication and intensity of it grows with each passing year. Recently the EU and USA have realized this powerful latent influence of Russian media and propaganda, including electoral processes and activities of State administration. They realized that Russian misinformation poses a serious threat to United States and its European allies, first and foremost with regard to Poland, Baltic States and Ukraine. Moreover, unlike Soviet propaganda, the modern methods of the Russian information war do not rudely promote the agenda of the Kremlin. Instead, they aim to confuse, daze and divert citizens from the EU and Ukraine support. Russia seeks to undermine the support of European values, producing disarray among European allies in order to increase its influence. Ethnic, linguistic, regional, social and historical contradictions and stereotypes are used for this purpose.
As current experience shows, Russian advocacy efforts in Europe make an important part of their hybrid approach to the projection of force. Despite the fact that the crisis in Ukraine for the first time drew the attention of the West to the importance and real meaning of the information campaign in Russia, the Kremlin's use of misinformation was launched long before the crisis. Russia carefully and purposefully prepared an information war against Ukraine. It has been increasing their presence in the information space, and also recruiting and sponsoring (corrupting) a range of politicians, civil servants and public figures in line with its strategic goals.
Keywords: Russian media, media policy, CEE countries, cyber security, Ukraine
Models of Formation of National Countries in Europe: Case-Study of Czechoslovakia
Authors: Fedorchak Tetiana 
Published: November 2018

The author is inclined to think, that the process of formation of new type states directly depended on the previous existence in one or another territory halves of the future pair ‘state – standardized culture’, where they were formed before the beginning of industrialization. The process of the emergence of national states was quick and painless, without the adoption of special political decisions and the passage of various stages of cultural homogenization.The in-depth analysis of the peculiarities of the political development of Czechoslovakia indicates that it differs from other CEE states. In the course of the political process, Czechoslovakia ‘out of order’ habitual for many trampled by internal disputes and dismembered among themselves states of this region. But its model can be used in many respects, if not for imitation, then as a dominant paradigm for contemporary or future development in the third millennium.
Keywords: National states, ‘state – standardized culture’, Czechoslovakia, political process, political crises
PENERAPAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN PADA PENGUSAHA KECIL
Authors: Rosmiati Rosmiati 
Published: November 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini mendapatkan gambaran usaha kecil dalam menjalankan kewirausahaan. Permasalahnya masih ada masyarakat yang kurang berminat pelaksanaan usaha. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan survei lapangan menggunakan kuesioner, data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai R-square (0,188) yang termasuk katagori rendah atau lemah. Demikian pula dengan hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan uji F yang menunjukkan bahwa F-hitung ≤ F-tabel (0,313 ≤ 3,683) yang artinya variabel sikap, motivasi dan minat tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peluang usaha. Hal itu disebabkan karena sebagian besar responden sampel belum memahami tentang kewirausahaan serta sebagian besar masyarakat belum mempunyai minat berwirausaha. Untuk itu penelitian ini akan terus dikembangkan sampai ada sikap, motivasi dan minat berwirausaha. Memberikan wawasan berwirausaha merupakan suatu pilihan masa depan yang lebih baik dengan memberikan bimbingan wirausaha, memupuk jiwa kewirausahaan melalui pelatihan kewirausahaan dan melatih kepercayaan diri, diharapkan akan mengubah pendapat bahwa wirausaha dapat menjanjikan kehidupan yang lebih baik.
Studying of disinvasion action of the disinfectant Virosan for eggs Nematodes genus Trichuris parasitizing in sheep
Authors: Melnychuk V. V. , Yuskiv I. D. 
Published: November 2018

Today sheep breeding in the world is gaining important socio-economic significance. In the conditions of the Ukrainian market, the sector provides the population with food products, industry – raw materials for production. One of the criteria for the efficiency of the industry is the epizootic well-being of farms in relation to invasive diseases, especially the most common ones – nematodoses of the gastrointestinal tract of sheep, which cause areas of significant economic losses. One of the factors of transmission of invasive diseases are objects of the environment, contaminated with eggs and larvae of pathogens of parasitic diseases. Therefore, the disinvasion of these sites is considered one of the decisive measures in the fight against parasites, since the destruction of the invasive elements in the external environment leads to a break in the epizootic chain of parasitic diseases of sheep, including trichurosis. Due to the presence of species diversity of nematodes of the genus Trichuris, parasitizing in sheep, high resistance of their exogenous stages of development to the action of environmental factors and chemicals, it is important to study the disinvasive effect of modern chemical agents on eggs of trichurosis pathogens. The purpose of the work was to study in a laboratory the disinvasive properties of the means of domestic production “Virosan” in the case of eggs of nematodes of the genus Trichuris parasitizing in sheep. The results of the research revealed that Virosan (LTD “BioTestLab”, Ukraine), using its solutions in 0.5% and 1% concentrations for exposures of 10–60 minutes, exhibited pronounced disinvasive properties (DE – 91.80–100% respectively) in relation to the test culture of eggs nematodes of the genus Trichuris, isolated from sheep. The investigated drug causes destructive changes in the form of destruction of the egg shell on one side of the poles and the termination of the development of the embryo at various stages. It has been experimentally established that the use of the means for the test culture of eggs of trichuryses of sheep of different species has its own differences. High level of disinfestation efficiency is registered for the following modes of application of the product: for the species Trichuris globulosa – a solution of 0.25% concentration (exposure of 60 minutes), as well as 0.5% and 1.0% concentration (exposures 10, 30 and 60 minutes), DE is 93.48–100.00%; for the species T. skrjabini – a solution of 0.5% and 1.0% concentration for all proposed exposures DE is 92.31–100.00%; For the species T. ovis – for use of 0.5% and 1.0% of working solutions (exposure 30, 60 and 10–60 minutes) DE is 90.59–100.00%.
Effectiveness of Oral Probiotics as Adjuvant Therapy in Reproductive Aged Women with Vaginal Discharge
Authors: Indarti Junita , Budidarmo Utomo 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of oral proboiotics and prove the high proportion of cure and satisfaction levels of post-treatment patients with a combination of antimicrobial-probiotic oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 compared to a combination of antimicrobial-placebo in the treatment of reproductive aged patients with vaginal discharge in the outpatient obstetrics and gynecologic clinic in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia and Arifin Achmad Regional Hospital Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia.
Methods:This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving50 subjects consisting of reproductive aged women. Data were collected using syndromic approach, probiotics were given as an adjuvant for standard antimicrobial therapy versus placebo as control, response was recorded 4 weeks later, for cure proportion and satisfaction level. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the variables. Interim analysis with conditional power assesment and futility testing were performed at midway due to insufficient sample size. Research was approved by Ethics Commitee for Health Researches Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in March 2016.
Results: A total of 50 subjects participated in this study. and analyzed (25 subjects in each group), cure proportion 56%(14) of the treatment and 60%(15)on the control group, with relative risk of 1.1, Chi-square test p value (0.77, 95% CI; 0.57 to 2 , 11). High satisfaction level (score ≥67) was higher in the placebo (52,6%, 10 subjects) compared to probiotic group (47,4%, 9 subjects), p value 0,65 (≥0,05). Conditional power and futility testing curve, revealed Z = -0.2865, conditional power 0.11 to 0.13, and futility index of 0.87 to 0.88, equals to low possibility of statistical significance with full sample size (84).
Conclusion: There was no clinical and statistical difference in the proportion of cure rate and the level of satisfaction in patients of probiotics vs placebo groups after treatment for 4 weeks. The initial hypothesis of higher proportion of the cure ratein the treatment group still cannot be excluded, due to insufficient samples.
Keywords: bacterial vaginosis, , lactobacillus reuteri RC-14, lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1, randomized double blind controlled trial, trichomoniasis , vaginal discharge, vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Les enclaves de serpentine dans les gneiss du Massif Central français
Authors: Chenevoy Maurice 
Published: November 2018

On trouve, enclavés dans les vieux terrains cristallophylliens du centre de la France, des blocs de serpentine. Ces blocs sont entourés, d'une manière constante, d'auréoles minéralogiquement différenciées qui traduisent une double diffusion des éléments chimiques entre enclaves et gneiss encaissants.
Ces enclaves serpentineuses, toujours liées à des migmatites, peuvent être considérées comme provenant de la fragmentation et de la digestion partielle, lors de la migmatisation, de petits massifs de péridotites.
Au Châtelet, les blocs de serpentine ont été transformés secondairement en quartzite à fuchsite par un métasomatose due à la circulation de solutions hydrothermales aurifères dans des filons voisins.
Série d'abaques permettant la détermination rapide des feldspaths maclés albite
Authors: Laffitte Pierre 
Published: November 2018

Après un bref rappel de la méthode de Nieuwenkamp pour la détermination optique des feldspaths maclés, l'auteur montre que dans le cas des feldspaths maclés albite, la détermination peut être rendue très rapide.
On mesure les angles d'extinction des lamelles maclées et le rapport de leur biréfringence. Une série d'abaques permet de déduire immédiatement de ces 3 grandeurs la teneur en anorthite. Ces abaques ont été construits à partir des données optiques de M. Nieuwenkamp et de MM. Duparc et Reinhardt.